title: Aidan Southall

abstract: Aidan William Southall was a British cultural anthropologist recognised for his fieldwork in urban settings in post-war Africa. Often identified as a pioneer in the study of African cities, Southall is said to have played a significant role in the development of urban anthropology. In 2009, Aidan Southall died. He was married to Betty Stogdon (1945-1966), Isis Ragheb (1966-1973) and Christine Obbo who survived him together with his children with Betty: daughter Lucinda; and son Mark and his wife Madeline with their children Christopher, Catherine and Andrew.

text:
# Aidan Southall

**Aidan William Southall** (11 September 1920 – 17 May 2009) was a British cultural anthropologist recognised for his fieldwork in urban settings in post-war Africa. Often identified as a pioneer in the study of African cities, Southall is said to have played a significant role in the development of urban anthropology. In 2009, Aidan Southall died. He was married to Betty Stogdon (1945-1966), Isis Ragheb (1966-1973) and Christine Obbo who survived him together with his children with Betty: daughter Lucinda; and son Mark and his wife Madeline with their children Christopher, Catherine and Andrew.

## Early life and education

Southall, the son of a Church of England parson, was born in Warwickshire, England. Having been born into an impoverished family, Southall was unable to attend boarding school with his friends. He attended a preparatory school, The Perse School in Cambridge, England, at the age of 8 years old. At the age of 11, Southall began his secondary education and eventually worked his way up to Cambridge University where he initially studied classics. During his last year at Cambridge, at the age of 18, Southall had the opportunity to travel to Jamaica—his first exotic experience. Shortly after this, Southall switched over to anthropology after having been persuaded by one of his professors. At Cambridge University, he gained his bachelor's degree in social and cultural anthropology. After graduating in 1942, Southall followed his colleagues to Uganda with the interest of pursuing social anthropology as a career. He eventually attended the University of London where he gained his PhD.

## Career

Southall was given the opportunity to apply for a position at Makerere University in Uganda, and in 1945 he became a professor of social studies at this institution. He had the opportunity to carry out research in that particular area among others in Africa, and eventually conducted fieldwork in Nyanza with a Luo student in Kenya. In Karachuonyo, South Nyanza, being restricted to a short-term study over the span of his vacation, Southall found it difficult to conduct long-term fieldwork and therefore focused on food and lineages. While researching the Luo People, Southall made a short visit to Alur, which became one of his most significant life changing experiences from which he published his first written work called *Alur Society*. He returned to Alur in 1948 and spent two years there conducting doctoral fieldwork. In the 1950s, Southall became more interested in urban anthropology, and some his work focused on the complexity of developing urban areas. Unlike most anthropologists of his time, Southall was generally interested in urbanisation and the development of African cities in particular.

After completing his PhD in 1952 in London, he returned to Makerere as a member of East African Institute of Social Research. During his years at Makerere, he obtained a UNESCO fellowship which slowly contributed to the expansion of his notability and connection through a visit to the United States. There, he encountered other influential researchers, including sociologist Talcott Parsons, who influenced Southall in developing an appreciation for Max Weber's work. As it reflected in his publications, there was a gradual shift in Southall's theoretical position as he began adopting more Marxist views.

After teaching at Makarere University, Southall taught at several other schools including the University of East Africa, the University of California, and Syracuse University. He taught from 1969 at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, becoming professor emeritus in 1990. Due to extensive fieldwork and research, Southall was also able to become fluent in several languages including Nilotic languages, Swahili and French. He also became a member of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. Furthermore, Southall was also a member of International African Institute, The African Studies Association of USA and the American Anthropological Association.

## Work

For his doctoral dissertation, Aidan Southall wrote *Alur Society: A Study in Processes and Types of Domination (1956)*, which dealt with political structures among the Alur people of Northwest Uganda. He carried out anthropological fieldwork among the Alur people for approximately two years between 1949 and 1952. Southall described a continuous process of political and cultural domination, done almost entirely without the use of force.

His next publication was *Townsmen in the Making: Kampala and its Suburbs* (1957), featuring two specific reports that were developed as part of a general study of African life in greater Kampala, Uganda. Examining such issues as land, housing, economic activity, and marriage, Southall drew upon the survey results for specific information while also supplementing quantitative data with qualitative material and anecdotes.

As Aidan Southall grew more experienced in observing urban systems, he released *Social Change in Modern Africa* (1961), which contained the proceedings of the First International African Institute Seminar at Makarere, a Kampala school where he taught. This seminar and publication speculated about how complex social systems should be studied.

"The Illusion of the Tribe" was published in 1970 in *The Passing of Tribal Man*, edited by P.C.W. Gutkind, and reprinted in 2010 in *Perspectives on Africa: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation*.

Southall later published a collection of papers, originally presented at the Wenner-Gren seminar of 1964, about cross cultural similarities in the urbanisation process. This collection of papers was titled *Urban Anthropology: Cross Cultural Studies of Urbanization* (1973) and attempted to identify and characterise significant issues in urban anthropology.

Later that decade, Southall published a collection of essays entitled *Small Urban Centers in Rural Development in Africa* (1979). His essays are broken down in different categories, the first of which represented the social and anthropological perspective. Other essays took historical or political viewpoints, followed by economic case studies, and finished with an argument about whether their findings are conceptual or theoretical in nature.

Aidan Southall's next big published work, in conjunction with Greg Gulin, was entitled *Urban Anthropology in China* (1993). This text originated at the First International Urban Anthropology Conference in China in December 1989, after being postponed and put on hold many times. This collection of essays involves Chinese urban ethnicity, finished off by Chinese urban culture and life cycles.

His final book was *The City in Time and Space* (2000), written about cities on a grand scale. Having studied urbanisation his entire life, this book was an overview of what he believed the life process to encompass. The book starts off as a survey of implications, varying across time and space, of demographic, social, cultural, political, and economic concentration for society as a whole.

According to social anthropologist Ray Abrahams:

> Despite the range and undoubted importance of so many of his works, Aidan's impact on his fellow anthropologists was more diffuse than that of some more prominent British figures, partly because he worked outside the boundaries of major "schools" in Cambridge, Manchester and Oxford. The Marxist theoretical position he adopted became less fashionable, and the grand scope of his last book was almost "an impossible act to follow".


title: Mill Pond Falls

abstract: Mill Pond Falls is a waterfall located in Newington, Connecticut. It is promoted by residents as the "smallest natural waterfall in the United States". The falls are located inside Mill Pond Park and is celebrated each fall during the Waterfall Festival.

text:
# Mill Pond Falls

41°41′39″N 72°43′50″W / 41.69429°N 72.73064°W / 41.69429; -72.73064

**Mill Pond Falls** is a waterfall located in Newington, Connecticut. It is promoted by residents as the "smallest natural waterfall in the United States". The falls are located inside Mill Pond Park and is celebrated each fall during the Waterfall Festival.

## Description

Mill Pond Falls is located under Mill Pond inside Mill Pond Park. A walking path surrounds the pond and runs through the woods down to the falls. A wooden footbridge spans the top of the falls and an observation area is located in front of it where benches offer a view of the falls.

In the park, residents are able to fish, walk, bike, and swim in the public pool. A gazebo provides a view of the pond's drop off into the falls. In the summer, the Newington Extravaganza allows patrons to ride boats around the pond and past the falls. A well maintained landscape and small garden close to the falls make it a very popular location for weddings and other ceremonies. During the Christmas season, the bridge and observation area are decorated with Christmas lights and other decorations.

Mill Pond Falls is 5 meters (16 feet) high. Its water flow is 16 liters (4 gallons) per second as of February 24, 2002.

On April 17, 2010, the Newington Waterfall Committee planted a Crimson Maple in front of the falls. They dubbed it the "Thankful Tree" and it gives residents the opportunity to express their thanks.

## History

Mill Pond Falls was named for a saw mill built on Mill Pond in 1860. At that time, Newington was still a part of the town of Wethersfield and its economy was based on the production of pipestaves for whiskey barrels. Saw mills were involved in the production of pipestaves, and therefore essential to town economy. The falls were used as a source for energy for the mill, and their beauty and fame were overlooked for the time being. Mill Pond Falls' contribution to Newington's economy is honored by the Newington Town Seal, on which the falls are the focal point. Today, the sawmill is replaced by the town garage, yet the falls remain. Over the years, the town has taken advantage of the falls' natural beauty by surrounding it with Mill Pond Park, a facility that allows residents to visit and view the falls.

## Celebration

Beginning in 2000, the Newington Waterfall Committee decided to honor the falls' fame and contribution to town history by starting the Waterfall Festival. The festival is held every fall in the center of town. It features over 70 vendors, as well as music groups from local public schools. Town organizations and local companies sponsor the event each year. The event also includes the famous "Artist's Chalk Walk". This contest invites artists in two groups; adult and children; to compete for prizes. Residents take part by voting for their favorite creation.

* Official Newington Town page
* Newington Chamber of Commerce history page
* Water Fall Festival's page


title: Mordella infrasignata

abstract: Mordella infrasignata is a species of beetle in the genus Mordella of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1941.

text:
# Mordella infrasignata

***Mordella infrasignata*** is a species of beetle in the genus *Mordella* of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1941.

## InfoBox

| *Mordella infrasignata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Subfamily: | Mordellinae |
| Tribe: | Mordellini |
| Genus: | *Mordella* |
| Species: | ***M. infrasignata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordella infrasignata***<br>Píc, 1941 | |
|


title: Rick Thorpe

abstract: Rick Thorpe is a Canadian politician. He was formerly a member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) of British Columbia, representing Okanagan-Penticton from 1996 to 2001, and Okanagan-Westside from 2001 to 2009. A caucus member of the British Columbia Liberal Party, he served in several cabinet posts under Premier Gordon Campbell.

text:
# Rick Thorpe

**Rick Thorpe** is a Canadian politician. He was formerly a member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) of British Columbia, representing Okanagan-Penticton from 1996 to 2001, and Okanagan-Westside from 2001 to 2009. A caucus member of the British Columbia Liberal Party, he served in several cabinet posts under Premier Gordon Campbell.

## Biography

Born in London, Ontario, Thorpe grew up in the southwestern part of that province before meeting his wife Yasmin in Trinidad. The couple married in 1973, and have three children together. A Certified Management Accountant, Thorpe was employed in the brewing industry for 22 years, including at Labatt. The family lived in various places in Ontario, Saskatchewan, Newfoundland and Israel before settling in Penticton, British Columbia, where Thorpe became a partner in a winery. He also served as president of the Okanagan Wine Festival in 1994 and 1995.

He was nominated as the BC Liberal candidate in Okanagan-Penticton in May 1995, and was elected the riding's MLA in the 1996 provincial election. While the Liberals were the official opposition, Thorpe served as critic for small business, tourism and culture. With the riding being redistributed ahead of the 2001 election, Thorpe ran instead in Okanagan-Westside and was re-elected MLA there. The Liberals gained power in that election, and Thorpe was appointed to the cabinet by Premier Gordon Campbell that June to serve as Minister of Competition, Science and Enterprise, before being re-assigned as Minister of Provincial Revenue in January 2004.

Following his re-election in 2005, his cabinet post was modified to Minister of Small Business and Revenue, and he was additionally named Minister responsible for Deregulation. In June 2008 he announced his decision not to run in the next provincial election, and was dropped from the cabinet.

After finishing his term as MLA in May 2009, he served a two-year term as member of the board of management of the Canada Revenue Agency, then as the board's chair from 2013 to 2017. In addition, he served as director and vice-chair on the board of the Insurance Corporation of British Columbia from 2012 to 2014.

## Electoral record

| 2001 British Columbia general election: Okanagan-Westside | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | Expenditures |
|  | Liberal | Rick Thorpe | 14,181 | 68.08 | $39,628 |
|  | New Democratic | Ernie Dmetro Ursuliak | 3,176 | 15.25 | $4,535 |
|  | Unity | Howard Lionel Hunt | 1,364 | 6.55 | $591 |
|  | Marijuana | Teresa Taylor | 1,188 | 5.70 | $1,120 |
|  | Action | Jack W. Peach | 921 | 4.42 | $1,186 |
| Total valid votes | | | 20,830 | 100.00 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 127 | 0.61 |
| Turnout | | | 20,957 | 69.91 |

| 2005 British Columbia general election: Okanagan-Westside | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Liberal | Rick Thorpe | 12,148 | 54.39 |
|  | New Democratic | Joyce Procure | 6,873 | 30.77 |
|  | Green | Angela Reid | 2,262 | 10.13 |
|  | Democratic Reform | Janice Marie Money | 1,051 | 4.71 |
| Total | | | 22,334 | 100.00 |

1. Moore, Wayne (June 20, 2008). "Rick Thorpe won't seek re-election". Castanet. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
2. "In conversation with... Rick Thorpe". Penticton Herald. August 29, 2018. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
3. "38th Parliament Members at dissolution on April 14, 2009: MLA: Rick Thorpe". Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
4. "Thorpe, Hon. Rick, C.M.A. (Okanagan-Westside) Minister of Provincial Revenue". Canadian Parliamentary Guide. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
5. "Thorpes bring background of giving to PRH campaign". Penticton Western News. December 14, 2015. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
6. "Campbell Cabinet: 37th Parliament 2001-2005, 38th Parliament 2005-2009, 39th Parliament 2009-2011" (PDF). Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
7. "Premier names new cabinet heading into election". CBC News. June 23, 2008. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
8. Kidd, Steve (October 8, 2013). "Former MLA Thorpe named to Revenue Canada board". Penticton Western News. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
9. "Section 3 – Introduction to the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA): Biographies". Canada Revenue Agency. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
10. Fowlie, Jonathan (August 15, 2012). "ICBC spending comes under the microscope as executive pay set to be revealed". Vancouver Sun. Retrieved May 28, 2024.

## InfoBox

| Rick Thorpe | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the British Columbia Legislative Assembly
for Okanagan-Westside
Okanagan-Penticton (1996-2001) | |
| **In office**
May 28, 1996  May 12, 2009 | |
| Preceded by | Jim Beattie |
| Succeeded by | Ben Stewart |
| Minister of Competition, Science and Enterprise of British Columbia | |
| **In office**
June 5, 2001  January 26, 2004 | |
| Premier | Gordon Campbell |
| Preceded by | *Position established* |
| Succeeded by | *Position abolished* |
| Minister of Provincial Revenue of British Columbia | |
| **In office**
January 26, 2004  June 23, 2008 | |
| Premier | Gordon Campbell |
| Preceded by | Bill Barisoff |
| Succeeded by | Kevin Krueger |
| Minister responsible for Deregulation of British Columbia | |
| **In office**
June 16, 2005  June 23, 2008 | |
| Premier | Gordon Campbell |
| Preceded by | Kevin Falcon (Minister of State for Deregulation) |
| Succeeded by | Kevin Krueger |
| Minister of Small Business of British Columbia | |
| **In office**
June 16, 2005  June 23, 2008 | |
| Premier | Gordon Campbell |
| Preceded by | John Les |
| Succeeded by | Kevin Krueger |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Richard Thorpe
1945 or 1946 (age 78–79)
London, Ontario, Canada |
| Political party | BC Liberal |
| Spouse | Yasmin John-Thorpe (m. 1973) |
| Residence(s) | Summerland, British Columbia, Canada |
|  | |


title: Pao leiurus

abstract: Pao leiurus is a species of pufferfish found in Southeast Asia from Thailand to Indonesia and in particular the Mekong basin. It is occasionally imported into the aquarium trade but is reported to be aggressive and snappish.

text:
# Pao leiurus

***Pao leiurus*** is a species of pufferfish found in Southeast Asia from Thailand to Indonesia and in particular the Mekong basin. It is occasionally imported into the aquarium trade but is reported to be aggressive and snappish.

## Characteristics

*P. leiurus*, which grows to around 16 cm (6.3 in), can be identified by dirty brown, brownish grey or gray markings on the upper part of the body which is poorly separated from markings on the lower body which tends to be dirty off-white, yellowish or pale grey with dusky mottling or spots. *P. leiurus* also typically display occelated spots which may be red, green or blue.

*P. leiurus* are typically found in tropical freshwater or brackish water, with temperatures ranging between 24 °C and 28 °C, including streams and rivers in upland and lowland areas, flowing and standing water habitats, swamps, and reservoirs.

Like most Tetraodontidae, *P. leiurus* is a molluscivore and feeds on molluscs, crustaceans, and other invertebrates.

## InfoBox

| *Pao leiurus* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Tetraodontiformes |
| Family: | Tetraodontidae |
| Genus: | *Pao* |
| Species: | ***P. leiurus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pao leiurus***
(Bleeker, 1850) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Tetraodon leiurus* Bleeker, 1850 * *Monotrete leiurus* (Bleeker, 1850) | |


title: HMAS Townsville (FCPB 205)

abstract: HMAS Townsville, named for the city of Townsville, Queensland, was a Fremantle-class patrol boat of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Built by NQEA, Cairns, the ship was laid down in 1979, and commissioned into the RAN in 1981. Assigned to the naval base HMAS Cairns, Townsville was primarily assigned to fisheries protection and border patrol operations in northern Australian waters. In December 1981, the patrol boat recaptured an escaping illegal fishing vessel. The next year, she was used for filming of the Patrol Boat television series. Townsville was deployed to Fiji as part of Operation Morris Dance in May 1987. Townsville was decommissioned in May 2007. The ship was donated to the Townsville Maritime Museum for preservation. Attempts to put the ship on display stalled and the ship fell into disrepair, with the maritime museum acquired by Port of Townsville in 2015.

text:
# HMAS Townsville (FCPB 205)

**HMAS *Townsville* (FCPB 205)**, named for the city of Townsville, Queensland, was a *Fremantle*-class patrol boat of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Built by NQEA, Cairns, the ship was laid down in 1979, and commissioned into the RAN in 1981.

Assigned to the naval base HMAS *Cairns*, *Townsville* was primarily assigned to fisheries protection and border patrol operations in northern Australian waters. In December 1981, the patrol boat recaptured an escaping illegal fishing vessel. The next year, she was used for filming of the *Patrol Boat* television series. *Townsville* was deployed to Fiji as part of Operation Morris Dance in May 1987.

*Townsville* was decommissioned in May 2007. The ship was donated to the Townsville Maritime Museum for preservation. Attempts to put the ship on display stalled and the ship fell into disrepair, with the maritime museum acquired by Port of Townsville in 2015.

## Design and construction

Starting in the late 1960s, planning began for a new class of patrol boat to replace the *Attack* class, with designs calling for improved seakeeping capability, and updated weapons and equipment. The *Fremantle*s had a full load displacement of 220 tonnes (220 long tons; 240 short tons), were 137.6 feet (41.9 m) long overall, had a beam of 24.25 feet (7.39 m), and a maximum draught of 5.75 feet (1.75 m). Main propulsion machinery consisted of two MTU series 538 diesel engines, which supplied 3,200 shaft horsepower (2,400 kW) to the two propeller shafts. Exhaust was not expelled through a funnel, like most ships, but through vents below the waterline. The patrol boat could reach a maximum speed of 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph), and had a maximum range of 5,000 nautical miles (9,300 km; 5,800 mi) at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph). The ship's company consisted of 22 personnel. Each patrol boat was armed with a single 40 mm Bofors gun as main armament, supplemented by two .50 cal Browning machineguns and an 81 mm mortar, although the mortar was removed from all ships sometime after 1988. The main weapon was originally to be two 30 mm guns on a twin-mount, but the reconditioned Bofors were selected to keep costs down; provision was made to install an updated weapon later in the class' service life, but this did not eventuate.

*Townsville* was laid down by NQEA, Cairns on 5 March 1979. She was launched on 16 May 1981 by the wife of Queensland Governor James Ramsay. The ship was commissioned into the RAN on 18 July 1981, and assigned to the naval base at HMAS *Cairns*. The patrol boat has variously been nicknamed "The Black Knight Mustang 205" and "Wily Coyote" (the latter after the Looney Tunes character Wile E Coyote).

## Operational history

*Townsville*, like all the *Fremantle*-class vessels, was primarily assigned to fisheries protection and border patrol operations in northern Australian waters. Tasks included boarding and inspection of ships operating in Australian waters, preventing unauthorised arrivals and illegal fishing, intercepting smugglers, and acting in support of Customs and law enforcement operations. Additionally, during the construction of the *Fremantle* class, *Townsville* was the designated buddy ship for vessels completing sea trials and initial working up.

On 25 December 1981, *Townsville* was called on to pursue the Taiwanese fishing vessel *Yuan Tsun*. The ship, which had been detained in Trinity Inlet after being caught illegally fishing in Australian waters, took the opportunity to escape while most military and law-enforcement personnel were on leave for the Christmas holiday. *Townsville* maintained pursuit of *Yuan Tusn* as the ship attempted to escape the Great Barrier Reef, fired several warning shots, and received approval from the Defence Minister to fire directly on the ship before the captain surrendered.

Front (top) and back of commemorative t-shirt for the recapture of *Yuan Tusn*.

During 1982, *Townsville* was one of several *Fremantle*s used to depict the fictional HMAS *Defiance* for filming of the second season of the ABC television series *Patrol Boat*.

*Townsville* was involved in Exercise Kangaroo 83.

In late May 1987, *Townsville* was deployed to Fiji as part of Operation Morris Dance, as relief for one of the patrol boats sent following the initial coup d'état earlier that month. The Australian government decided on 29 May that the situation had stabilised, with *Townsville* sailing for home that day.

On 1 June 1990, the patrol boat intercepted a vessel carrying Cambodian refugees off Bathurst Island. The vessel began sinking while the boarding and inspection was underway, with the personnel of *Townsville* rescuing 45 men, 17 women, and 17 children, and transporting them to Darwin. The following month, the patrol boat was in Nuku'Alofa for celebrations of the King of Tonga's birthday.

In January 1992, *Townsville* was used as the platform from which a team of clearance divers disposed of undetonated bombs found on Middleton Reef.

In July 1993, *Townsville* was used for water flow and cavitation experiments on the vessel's propellers. Two windows were inserted into the ship's hull above the propellers to allow filming of these effects.

During February 1994, *Townsville* visited several Papua New Guinean ports while conducting patrol operations in the Coral Sea.

In August 1995, *Townsville* participated in celebrations of the 50th anniversary of the end of World War II in the Pacific theatre.

From 24 to 28 May 1999, the patrol boat operated off Thursday Island as part of a sweep for illegal activity.

## Decommissioning and fate

In 2007, *Townsville* was marked for disposal. On 23 April, the Australian Government announced *Townsville* had been donated to the Townsville Maritime Museum as a museum ship, along with $200,000 in funding to build a dry dock for display. Another $100,000 was promised by Townsville City Council. The patrol boat was decommissioned at HMAS *Cairns* on 11 May 2007, in a joint ceremony with HMAS *Ipswich*. The two patrol boats were the last of the class in active service.

The vessel is fully operational (minus weaponry), and the museum intended to keep *Townsville* in a sailable condition, with maintenance undertaken by volunteers. In addition to being opened for public display, the Townsville Maritime Museum has also been contacted by cadet groups and emergency response organisations wanting to use the vessel for training. While waiting for approval to construct the dry dock adjacent to the museum site, *Townsville* was berthed at the Curtain Bros. wharf in Ross Creek.

As of January 2012, construction of the dry dock was scheduled to begin in mid-2012, pending council approval of building plans and the securing of additional funding. By March 2015, approval for the dock had not been granted: the museum blamed the delays on the Port of Townsville and other government authorities for not supporting the project and delaying approvals for a seabed site lease, while the Port of Townsville claimed that the museum had not put forward a viable business plan. In the interim, the condition of the patrol boat has deteriorated, with the museum unable to fund maintenance. There are concerns over the condition of *Townsville*'s hull, both from marine growth and from the lack of recent care resulting in the patrol boat resting on the rocky bottom at low tide.

Following meetings between the museum, the port authority, the council, and the regional development and tourism organisation, the Port of Townsville offered to take over the museum.

## Citations

19°15′23″S 146°49′35″E / 19.256489°S 146.826516°E / -19.256489; 146.826516

## InfoBox

| HMAS *Townsville* in 1990 | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Australia | |
| Namesake | City of Townsville |
| Builder | NQEA, Cairns |
| Laid down | 5 March 1979 |
| Launched | 16 May 1981 |
| Commissioned | 18 July 1981 |
| Decommissioned | 11 May 2007 |
| Homeport | HMAS *Cairns* |
| Motto | "Bold and Ready" |
| Nickname(s) | * "The Black Knight Mustang 205" * "Wily Coyote" |
| Honours and<br>awards | Three inherited battle honours |
| Fate | Museum ship at Townsville Maritime Museum |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *Fremantle*-class patrol boat |
| Displacement | 220 tons |
| Length | 137.6 ft (41.9 m) |
| Beam | 25.25 ft (7.70 m) |
| Draught | 5.75 ft (1.75 m) |
| Propulsion | 2 MTU series 538 diesel engines, 3,200 shp (2,400 kW), 2 propellers |
| Speed | 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph) |
| Range | 5,000 nmi (9,300 km; 5,800 mi) at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) |
| Complement | 22 |
| Armament |  |


title: Ahmad Syahir

abstract: Ahmad Syahir is a Singaporean footballer who plays as a left-back or left-midfielder for Singapore Premier League club Geylang International. He is known as one of the shortest players in the Singapore Premier League and the longest serving player at Balestier Khalsa in their history.

text:
# Ahmad Syahir

**Ahmad Syahir** (born 10 April 1992) is a Singaporean footballer who plays as a left-back or left-midfielder for Singapore Premier League club Geylang International.

He is known as one of the shortest players in the Singapore Premier League and the longest serving player at Balestier Khalsa in their history.

## Club career

### Young Lions

Ahmad began his career with Young Lions in the 2010 season.

### Balestier Khalsa

After serving his two years compulsory National Service, Ahmad joined Balestier Khalsa ahead of the 2013 season. From the 2014 season, he was used as a regular starter for the club.

After 9 seasons at Balestier Khalsa and accumulating a total of 167 appearances, his contract wasn’t renewed for the 2022 season.

### Geylang International

Ahmad joined Geylang International ahead of the 2022 Singapore Premier League season.

## Career statistics

### Club

*As of 19 Aug 2022*

| Club | Season | League | | | FA Cup | | League Cup | | Continental | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Young Lions FC | 2010 | S.League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Balestier Khalsa | 2013 | S.League | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| | 2014 | S.League | 12 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 0 |
| | 2015 | S.League | 13 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 23 | 0 |
| | 2016 | S.League | 11 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 24 | 1 |
| | 2017 | S.League | 20 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 0 |
| | 2018 | Singapore Premier League | 21 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 |
| | | 2019 | 18 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 0 |
| | | 2020 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 |
| | | 2021 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 0 |
| | Total | | 128 | 0 | 16 | 1 | 13 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 167 | 1 |
| Geylang International | 2022 | Singapore Premier League | 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 0 |
| | 2023 | | 11 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 |
| | 2024–25 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Total | | 30 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 0 |
| Career total | | | 158 | 0 | 17 | 1 | 14 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 199 | 1 |

**Notes**

1. "Ahmad Syahir struck in the 89th minute to salvage a point for Balestier Khalsa in a 1-1 draw against Tanjong Pagar United".
2. Ahmad Syahir at Soccerway. Retrieved 5 February 2021.

## InfoBox

Ahmad Syahir
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Ahmad Syahir | | |
| Date of birth | (1992-04-10) 10 April 1992 | | |
| Place of birth | Singapore | | |
| Height | 1.56 m (5 ft 1 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Left-back / Left-midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Geylang International | | |
| Number | 14 | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2010 | Young Lions | 1 | (0) |
| 2013–2021 | Balestier Khalsa | 167 | (1) |
| 2022– | Geylang International | 30 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 5 Feb 2021<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 5 Feb 2021 | | | |


title: Ranjan Daimary

abstract: Ranjan Daimary alias D.R. Nabla is the founder president of the armed separatist outfit National Democratic Front of Boroland. Daimary initially founded a militant group named Bodo Security Force in October 1986. Later, in 1994, Bodo Security Forced was renamed as National Democratic Front of Boroland.

text:
# Ranjan Daimary

**Ranjan Daimary** alias **D.R. Nabla** (Ransaigra Nabla Daimary) is the founder president of the armed separatist outfit National Democratic Front of Boroland. Daimary initially founded a militant group named Bodo Security Force in October 1986. Later, in 1994, Bodo Security Forced was renamed as National Democratic Front of Boroland.

## Education

Ranjan Daimary belongs to an educated and rich family. Daimary's academic career is associated with noted school, college and university of Shillong, Meghalaya. Daimary completed his graduation in Political Science from St Anthony's College, and completed his Master's Degree in Political Science from North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong, Meghalaya.

## Family & secret killing of family

Ranjan Daimary's sister Lilawati Daimary, a school teacher, was killed by unidentified gunmen on 5 January 2010 that is widely believed as one of the incident of the Secret killings of Assam issue. Daimary's other sister Dr. Anjali Daimary is the chief of the Bodo Women Justice Forum.

## Arrest

Ranjan Daimary was detained in Dhaka by Bangladesh Rifles (BDR) in December, 2009 and was later handed over to Border Security Force (BSF) authorities on 30 April 2010. In reply to a habeas corpus petition filed by Daimary's sister Anjali Daimary, Gauhati High court Justice Ranjan Gogoi and Justice B P Katakey opined that the wife and children of Ranjan Daimary have not been handed over to them along with him by the Bangladesh Rifles.
Daimary's sister, Dr. Anjali Daimary, said to media that Ranjan Daimary would be ready for a lateral talk with the government, but not with a state as handcuffed.

## Bail & release

Ranjan Daimary got bail on 11 April 2013 by the Session Judge of Gauhati in the cases against him including the 2008 Assam bombings case(case number Sessions Case No. 59 (K) of 2011).

Mr. Daimary was released on a parol of four weeks by order of the Gauhati High Court and flown to New Delhi to take part in the ongoing peace talks with Bodo Militants & Union of India.

## Conviction

In January 2019, Ranjan Daimary and 13 others were convicted for 2008 Assam bombings. where Daimary and 9 others were sentenced to Life Imprisonment by the special court of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).

## InfoBox

| Ranjan Daimary | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Ransaigra Nabla Daimary
(1960-02-21) 21 February 1960
Udalguri, Assam |
| Other names | D. R. Nabla |
| Education | Master's Degree in Political Science |
| Alma mater | North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong, Meghalaya |
| Criminal status | imprisoned |
| Spouse | Nisha Daimary |
|  | |
| Conviction(s) | Convicted |
| Criminal charge | Waging war against India, Killing civilians |
| Penalty | Life Imprisonment |
|  | |


title: Natalya Gouilly

abstract: Natalya Gouilly is a Russian sprint canoer who competed in the late 1990s and early 2000s (decade). She won three medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a silver and two bronzes. Gouilly also competed in two Summer Olympics, earning her best finish of seventh on two occasions.

text:
# Natalya Gouilly

**Natalya Gouilly** (sometimes listed as **Nataliya Guly**, born August 19, 1974) is a Russian sprint canoer who competed in the late 1990s and early 2000s (decade). She won three medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a silver (K-4 200 m: 1999) and two bronzes (K-2 200 m: 1997, K-4 200 m: 1998).

Gouilly also competed in two Summer Olympics, earning her best finish of seventh on two occasions (K-4 500 m: 1996, K-4 500 m: 2000).

## InfoBox

Natalya Gouilly
| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Women's canoe sprint | | |
| World Championships | | |
|  | 1999 Milan | K-4 200 m |
|  | 1997 Dartmouth | K-2 200 m |
|  | 1998 Szeged | K-4 200 m |


title: Mill Race (Eugene)

abstract: The Mill Race or millrace is a channel off the Willamette River in Eugene. The stream was once an integral part of life for many Eugene residents and University students. It contributed to the industrial beginnings of the city and as the site of some of the University of Oregon’s traditions.

text:
# Mill Race (Eugene)

The **Mill Race** or millrace is a channel off the Willamette River in Eugene. The stream was once an integral part of life for many Eugene residents and University students. It contributed to the industrial beginnings of the city and as the site of some of the University of Oregon’s traditions.

## History

The millrace was the vision of Hillyard Shaw, an early settler of area who saw the possibility of connecting two sloughs to create a millrace for industrial purposes in Eugene. Linked by a ditch approximately five blocks long, from Ferry St. to Kincaid St., the millrace was completed in 1851, followed closely by the addition of a sawmill on its banks in 1852, and a flour mill by 1856. During the third quarter of the nineteenth century, the industrial activity of the millrace contributed heavily to the growth of Eugene. The railroad came to Eugene in 1871, resulting in a building boom in housing and hotels, as well as new industries joining the banks of the lower millrace including furniture makers, a tannery, and a woolen mill. From 1877 to 1898, the millrace was at its height as the industrial heart of Eugene, primarily seen as a power source for the mills along its banks. In 1890, the millrace flooded, damaging the intake channel and changing the millrace course. It was soon rebuilt, though devastating floods would become common to the millrace in later years.

By the early 1900s, the banks of the millrace had become a fashionable place to live, and many stately homes were appearing along 11th Avenue with their backyards running down to the millrace.  In 1910, controversy arose between the millrace owners and property owners, ensuing in a multi-year legal battle that would hamper development along the race. The millrace owners, in an effort to further increase the industrial power of the millrace, planned to extensively widen and deepen the millrace course. Property owners, however, objected, stating any such improvements would alter or destroy their lawns, claiming continued alterations and high water levels were flooding basements and overflowing their land. The case escalated and finally landed in the Supreme Court of Oregon, which though siding with the defendants, set definitive limits to Shaw's original easement in regard to further widening and development. During the time of this debate, industrial growth along the millrace slowed due to uncertainty about its future. Other technological advances were also occurring at the time, making water power practices nearly obsolete. In 1928, flooding again breached the intake channel and all waterwheels along the race were finally stopped. Eventually the industries converted to electricity as a more reliable energy source, ending the millrace's reign as the industrial power of the city.

The Eugene Mill & Elevator was constructed in 1895 by Williams & Matthews to replace a previous mill destroyed by fire in 1892. The site was historically located along a millrace developed in c1850 by Hilyard Shaw, and given additional impetus when the Oregon & California Railroad reached Eugene in 1871. In 1877-1898 the millrace became the industrial heart of Eugene. By 1912 a grainhouse replaced a small shed on the west elevation to connect the elevator and flour mill. The west lean-to roof was raised on the north end during the early 1920s to accommodate equipment for conversion to electrical power. The Bushman Brothers acquired the mill & elevator in 1931 and operated it until 1946 when all but the lone elevator burned down. The cupola was removed in the 1970s when the new roof and east shed of corrugated steel were constructed. The elevator was significant as the last remaining structure of the city's pioneer millrace industrial complex, which catapulted Eugene to commercial prominence and its designation as the county seat. After extensive review by the City of Eugene, the elevator was allowed to be demolished by the Eugene Water & Electric Board in November 1986.

## Recreation and university traditions

As the industrial needs of the millrace decreased, recreational use flourished. A cold winter in 1884 caused the millrace to freeze over, and students and townspeople went ice skating in its first recreational use. It wasn't long before the millrace's recreational opportunities caught on, and in 1890, Edward McClanahan opened a boathouse at Ferry Street, renting skiffs to University of Oregon students and community members. This was the start of the romantic era of the millrace, an idyllic setting for boating and picnics among the young student population of the university. As boating increased in popularity, and the mode of transportation evolved from flat-bottomed skiffs to canoes, additional boathouses opened in 1906 and 1911. The opening of the Anchorage followed in 1913, what would become a well-loved University hangout until being torn down in 1950.

As canoeing increased as a leisure activity among students, the canoe fete was established as part of the junior weekend festivities. In 1915, the first night parade featuring decorated canoes was held. The fete was a tremendous success from the start, and would only become more elaborate each year, with lavishly decorated floats soon making their way down the millrace. The event drew crowds of spectators and bleachers were constructed in 1922 to allow for more strategic viewing. In addition, lights were installed above the bleachers and millrace, and spotlights highlighted the floats as they passed, adding “… unusual charm and beauty to the fete.” The canoe fete at its height was featured in news reels and radio broadcasts, and was even endorsed by the likes of Bing Crosby, who in 1935 wrote a letter to the fete committee offering a prize to the builders of the winning float and extending his regards for the event. “Congratulations on the happy selection of the ‘Melody in Spring’ theme for Oregon's Water Pageant. It should be very beautiful,” he wrote, as printed in the Oregon Daily Emerald. “I am happy to extend my best wishes for the success of the event.” With this success, the university began making plans to enhance the event, purchasing property north of the millrace with intentions of developing an outdoor amphitheater, open park space, and even relocating the nearby railroad tracks. These plans came to a halt with the onset of World War II, however, and though the canoe fete would eventually continue, the romantic, carefree days of boating and canoe fetes would never reach the same height. In 1971, the canoe fete was discontinued “due to a lack of financial support, higher costs, and decreasing spectator interest.” With the focus on larger issues at hand, such as the Vietnam War, the canoe fete seemed extraneous with regard to the changing attitudes of the time.

Canoeing on the millrace wasn't all fond memories, however, as boating incidents were relatively common on the race. Beloved senior class president Robert C. Bailey was the victim of one these tragic accidents, losing his life in a canoeing accident on Easter Sunday 1939. The eight Pyramidal English Oaks standing in the university's Memorial Quad were planted in 1940 in honor of Bailey. A brass plaque is also located on the fountain on the Knight Library terrace as part of the memorial. A less idyllic tradition, but nevertheless integral to campus life at the time, was the practice of millrace “dunking.” Dunking was a regular occasion on campus, the punishment for breaking rules, violating traditions, or as part of fraternity hazing. Not even women were safe from a millrace dunking, with a 1949 Eugene Daily Emerald article requesting tradition violators to meet for their punishment, with "women wearing appropriate dunking clothes.”

## Deterioration

After another series of flooding resulted in damage to the intake channel, the millrace ran dry and the fete was switched to a float parade on wheels in 1945. In 1947, the City of Eugene purchased the millrace, and in 1949 installed a pipe along the length of the lower millrace channel to accommodate highway improvements. After the millrace was refilled, it was discovered that both the intake pipe and the pipe newly installed under the new highway were too small to accommodate adequate flow. While the millrace originally flowed at a rate of 250 cubic feet per second, the current flow was only at 25 cubic feet per second.

## Preservation efforts

In the following years, regular efforts were made by various university and neighborhood groups to revive the millrace. In 1955, a University of Oregon group led efforts to bring the millrace back to its former glory, funding engineering surveys and even bringing back a successful Canoe Fete to highlight the promise of a restored millrace. Continual disagreements over water flow, maintenance costs, and preservation approaches have gone on for years, however, hampering progress on any permanent revitalization efforts. In 1990, the millrace was the local focus of National Historic Preservation Week, with city, neighborhood, and university groups highlighting the millrace's historic significance within the city in attempts to spur preservation efforts. Though the future of the millrace remains in question, it was formally documented during the Oregon Department of Transportation's Willamette River Bridge replacement project.

1. Collection of Eugene Millrace images on Oregon Digital, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Oregon.


title: William Milligan Sloane

abstract: William Milligan Sloane was an American educator and historian.

text:
# William Milligan Sloane

**William Milligan Sloane** (November 12, 1850 – September 12, 1928) was an American educator and historian.

## Career

William Milligan Sloane was born in Richmond, Ohio on November 12, 1850. He graduated from Columbia College of Columbia University, where he was a member of the Philolexian Society, in 1868, and afterward was employed as instructor in classics at the Newell School in Pittsburgh until 1872. From 1872 to 1876 he studied at the universities of Berlin and Leipzig. He studied history under Mommsen and Droysen, and much of the time he worked as private secretary to George Bancroft, United States Minister at Berlin. He received a doctorate from the University of Leipzig, with a dissertation entitled *The Poet Labid: His Life, Times, and Fragmentary Writings*, which was published in 1877. The published version of Sloane's dissertation specifically mentions that he studied under Fleischer, Krehl, and Loth at Leipzig.

Sloane was a professor of Latin (1877–1883) and subsequently History (1883–1896) at Princeton University, when it was still known as the College of New Jersey. While there, he edited the *Princeton Review* (1885–1888). He resigned in 1896 to become Seth Low Professor of History at Columbia University.

Sloane served on the International Olympic Committee from 1894 to 1924. The founder and chairman of the United States Olympic Committee (known at the time as the American Olympic Committee), he escorted the first American Olympic team to 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens.

Professor Sloane was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters, and in 1911 president of the American Historical Association. His other honors were Chevalier of the French Legion of Honor and of the Order of the Polar Star.

He died at his home in Bay Head, New Jersey on September 11, 1928.

He was portrayed in the 1984 NBC mini-series *The First Olympics: Athens 1896* by David Ogden Stiers.

## Personal life

Sloane married Mary Espey Johnston on December 27, 1877. They had a son, James Renwick Sloane, who married Isabel Hoyt Sloane. James and Isabel had twin sons, William Milligan Sloane and James Ross Sloane, born on January 16 or 17, 1921 in Paris, France. William Milligan Sloane (the grandson) was a marine aviator and corporate lawyer who married Martha Chamberlin.

## Publications

* *The Poet Labid: His Life, Times, and Fragmentary Writings* (1877)
* *Life and Work of James Renwick Wilson Sloane*, his father (1888)
* *The French War and the Revolution* (1893)
* *The Life of Napoleon Bonaparte* (four volumes, 1896; revised and enlarged edition, 1911)
* *Life of James McCosh* (1896)
* *The French Revolution and Religious Reform* (1901)
* *Party Government in the United States of America* (1914)
* *The Balkans: A Laboratory of History*. New York and Cincinnati: Eaton & Mains and Jennings & Graham. 1914. Retrieved September 26, 2018  via Internet Archive.

### Citations

### Sources

## InfoBox

| William Milligan Sloane | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1850-11-12)November 12, 1850
Richmond, Ohio |
| Died | September 12, 1928(1928-09-12) (aged 77)
Bay Head, New Jersey |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation(s) | Educator and historian |
| Spouse | Mary Espey Johnston (m. 1877) |
| Signature | |
|  | |


title: Pat Lindsay

abstract: Patrick J. Lindsay is an Irish former Gaelic footballer who played for club sides St Faithleach's, Glencar and Shannon Gaels and at inter-county level with the Roscommon senior football team.

text:
# Pat Lindsay

**Patrick J. Lindsay** (born 1950) is an Irish former Gaelic footballer who played for club sides St Faithleach's, Glencar and Shannon Gaels and at inter-county level with the Roscommon senior football team.

## Playing career

Lindsay first played Gaelic football at juvenile and underage levels with the St Faithleach's club. He subsequently progressed to adult level. Lindsay also lined out with the Glencar club in County Leitrim and the Shannon Gaels club in County Cavan.

Lindsay first appeared on the inter-county scene for Roscommon as a member of the minor team. His three-year tenure yielded a Connacht MFC title in 1967. He later spent two unsuccessful years with the under-21 team. Lindsay was still eligible for the under-21 grade when he joined the senior team in 1970. He was a mainstay of the team for the following 15 years, during which time he won five Connacht SFC medals, including a four-in-a-row from 1977 to 1980. Lindsay captained the team to the National League title in 1979 and was at full-back when Roscommon were beaten by Kerry in the 1980 All-Ireland final. His performances also earned inclusion on the Connacht team for the Railway Cup, while he was also named on the All-Star team in 1977.

## Management career

In retirement from playing, Lindsay became involved in team management and coaching. He was trainer of the Roscommon under-21 team from 1991 to 1993, however, he enjoyed little success during his tenure.

## Honours

Roscommon

## InfoBox

Pat Lindsay
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Irish name | *Pádraig Ó Loingsigh* | | |
| Sport | Gaelic football | | |
| Position | Full-back | | |
| Born | 1950
Belmullet,
County Mayo, Ireland | | |
| Height | 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) | | |
| Nickname | The mayor | | |
| Occupation | Retired prison officer | | |
| Club(s) | | | |
| Years | **Club** | | |
|  | St Faithleach's
Glencar
Shannon Gaels | | |
| Inter-county(ies) | | | |
| Years | **County** | | |
| 1970–1985 | Roscommon | | |
| Inter-county titles | | | |
| Connacht titles | 5 | | |
| All-Irelands | 0 | | |
| NFL | 1 | | |
| All Stars | 1 | | |


title: Mike Eghan

abstract: Mike Eghan is a Ghanaian broadcaster, also known as "The Magnificent Emperor". In a career as a disc jockey and radio presenter spanning six decades, Eghan hosted programmes for the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation (GBC) and for the BBC World Service in London. He was the master of ceremonies for the historic concert in Ghana Soul to Soul, which took place in Black Star Square in 1971 and showcased many prominent African-American artists alongside Ghanaian musicians. Eghan's autobiography, The "Emperor's" Story – From the Centre of the World, was published in 2019. In the words of Anis Haffar: "The man's kaleidoscopic knowledge of show business, broadcasting, entertainment and politics is cast in the trenches of personal encounters. He shares history from the strategic standpoint of his own roles in the making of it."

text:
# Mike Eghan

**Mike Eghan** (born 14 March 1936) is a Ghanaian broadcaster, also known as "The Magnificent Emperor". In a career as a disc jockey and radio presenter spanning six decades, Eghan hosted programmes for the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation (GBC) and for the BBC World Service in London. He was the master of ceremonies for the historic concert in Ghana *Soul to Soul*, which took place in Black Star Square in 1971 and showcased many prominent African-American artists alongside Ghanaian musicians.

Eghan's autobiography, *The "Emperor's" Story – From the Centre of the World*, was published in 2019. In the words of Anis Haffar: "The man's kaleidoscopic knowledge of show business, broadcasting, entertainment and politics is cast in the trenches of personal encounters. He shares history from the strategic standpoint of his own roles in the making of it."

## Background

Born in Sekondi-Takoradi, Gold Coast (present-day Ghana), the fifth of nine siblings, Eghan was inspired by his civil servant father Ben Eghan's passion for radio to join the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation (GBC) in 1961, after giving up a job with Barclays Bank that had been secured for him.

In 1965, he went to Britain, where he worked with the BBC Africa Service, hosting the programme *Music with African Beat* for four years. for some years. Photographs of Eghan taken during this time feature among the iconic work of veteran Ghanaian photographer James Barnor. Leaving the BBC, Eghan returned home to work with GBC, wanting to contribute to the development of Ghana and raise his children there.

He has said: "One of the highlights of my career as a disc jockey and radio presenter was my role as emcee (master of ceremony) for the historic musical concert dubbed 'Soul to Soul'. The aim of this musical extravaganza was to bring Africans and African-American artistes together to jam on the African continent to retrace their historical roots. It was believed that such an attempt would galvanise Black people all over the world along with the vision that Osagyefo Dr Kwame Nkrumah had for the Black Race." High-profile soul, gospel and dance groups participated in *Soul to Soul*, which took place in Black Star Square (now Independence Square), including Wilson Pickett, Ike and Tina Turner, Les McCann, Eddie Harris, The Staple Singers, Carlos Santana, Roberta Flack, Willie Bobo, the Voices of East Harlem, and others.

Eghan's popular 1970s talk show, *The Mike Eghan Show*, featured guests including Miriam Makeba, Ephraim Amu and Captain J. H. Tachie-Menson. Eghan subsequently took employment as a Treatment Manager with the Volta River Authority, then had another stint of work in the UK with the BBC. Back in Ghana, he resumed work with GBC, and later ran the Sundown Hotel.

He launched his memoir, *The "Emperor’s" Story – From the Centre of the World*, at the age of 83 in Accra in August 2019 at the University of Ghana's Institute of African Studies, the occasion presided over by Professor Esi Sutherland-Addy.

## Awards and recognition

A documentary film in honour of Eghan, produced by Andrew Gyawu-Mensah, was screened in March 2017.

Eghan's awards include the Grand Medal in acknowledgement of his meritorious service in the media.

## InfoBox

| Mike Eghan | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1936-03-14) 14 March 1936
Sekondi-Takoradi, Gold Coast (present-day Ghana) |
| Other names | The Magnificent Emperor |
| Occupation | Broadcaster |
| Known for | *The Mike Eghan Show*
MC of *Soul to Soul* (1971) |
| Notable work | *The "Emperor's" Story – From the Centre of the World* (2019) |


title: Rick Péwé

abstract: Rick Péwé is an American writer, editor, photographer, and broadcast host. He was inducted into the Off-road Motorsports Hall of Fame (ORMHOF) in 2010. Other notable ORMHOF inductees include Steve McQueen, James Garner, Parnelli Jones, Mickey Thompson, Rod Hall, Ivan Stewart, Bob "Bigfoot" Chandler, Malcolm Smith and Walker Evans. In 1971, Péwé purchased his first Jeep, a 1945 Ford GPW at age 15. He eventually re-powered this military Jeep with a 455 cubic-inch Buick V-8 engine. In 1984, Péwé acquired Tempe, Arizona-based Republic Off-Road after completing his B.S. in Geography from Arizona State University. Republic Off-Road employees and associates—most notably Shanon Campbell—became top competitors at early rock-crawling/tough-truck challenges. Péwé finished second in his first competition, the 1993 Four Wheeler Top Truck Challenge. He also served as a technical consultant for Four Wheeler and other off-road enthusiast magazines. As a driver/navigator, Péwé competed in SCORE desert races in the 1980s in the Flamingo Racing CJ-7. He was on Rod Hall's Hummer team for the Baja 1000 from 2006-2008. In 1995, Péwé accepted a position as Technical Editor of Petersen's 4-Wheel & Off-Road Magazine, where he later served as Editor-In-Chief. He became Editor of the all-Jeep magazine Jp in 1998. There, Péwé launched an annual “Dirt Every Day” trip where he and magazine editor David Freiburger located an abandoned Jeep somewhere in the country and attempted to drive it back to California on as many unpaved roads as possible. This series spawned the popular Motor Trend Channel shows “Roadkill,” co-hosted by Freiburger, and “Dirt Every Day,” co-hosted by former 4-Wheel & Off-Road staffer Fred Williams, whom Péwé initially hired to be a technical writer. Rick Péwé makes occasional guest appearances on both of these shows. He is also known to drive his own Jeeps across North America. Péwé served as Editor-In-Chief of Petersen's 4-Wheel & Off-Road from 2000-2014 and Editorial Director of The Enthusiast Network's/Motor Trend Group's Four Wheeler Network before returning to his former position at Jp. After Motor Trend Group discontinued the majority of its magazines, Péwé co-founded the Jeep-enthusiast digital outlet Gone-Gpn, where he’s Editor-In-Chief. He also wrote a book on rebuilding and modifying classic Jeep engines and serves as an ambassador for several off-road brands. Péwé is also a frequent guest on Jeep- and outdoors-related shows and automotive sites. The Jeep Wrangler JL features a flip-flop "Easter egg" on the windshield cowling in honor of Rick's penchant for wearing that type of footwear.

text:
# Rick Péwé

**Rick Péwé** (born Richard Hill Péwé; July 22, 1956, Fairbanks, Alaska) is an American writer, editor, photographer, and broadcast host. He was inducted into the Off-road Motorsports Hall of Fame (ORMHOF) in 2010. Other notable ORMHOF inductees include Steve McQueen, James Garner, Parnelli Jones, Mickey Thompson, Rod Hall, Ivan Stewart, Bob "Bigfoot" Chandler, Malcolm Smith and Walker Evans.

In 1971, Péwé purchased his first Jeep, a 1945 Ford GPW at age 15. He eventually re-powered this military Jeep with a 455 cubic-inch Buick V-8 engine. In 1984, Péwé acquired Tempe, Arizona-based Republic Off-Road after completing his B.S. in Geography from Arizona State University. Republic Off-Road employees and associates—most notably Shanon Campbell—became top competitors at early rock-crawling/tough-truck challenges. Péwé finished second in his first competition, the 1993 *Four Wheeler* Top Truck Challenge. He also served as a technical consultant for *Four Wheeler* and other off-road enthusiast magazines.

As a driver/navigator, Péwé competed in SCORE desert races in the 1980s in the Flamingo Racing CJ-7. He was on Rod Hall's Hummer team for the Baja 1000 from 2006-2008.

In 1995, Péwé accepted a position as Technical Editor of *Petersen's 4-Wheel & Off-Road* Magazine, where he later served as Editor-In-Chief. He became Editor of the all-Jeep magazine *Jp* in 1998.

There, Péwé launched an annual “Dirt Every Day” trip where he and magazine editor David Freiburger located an abandoned Jeep somewhere in the country and attempted to drive it back to California on as many unpaved roads as possible. This series spawned the popular Motor Trend Channel shows “Roadkill,” co-hosted by Freiburger, and “Dirt Every Day,” co-hosted by former *4-Wheel & Off-Road* staffer Fred Williams, whom Péwé initially hired to be a technical writer. Rick Péwé makes occasional guest appearances on both of these shows. He is also known to drive his own Jeeps across North America.

Péwé served as Editor-In-Chief of *Petersen's 4-Wheel & Off-Road* from 2000-2014 and Editorial Director of The Enthusiast Network's (née Petersen Publishing Company's)/Motor Trend Group's Four Wheeler Network before returning to his former position at *Jp*.

After Motor Trend Group discontinued the majority of its magazines, Péwé co-founded the Jeep-enthusiast digital outlet Gone-Gpn, where he’s Editor-In-Chief. He also wrote a book on rebuilding and modifying classic Jeep engines and serves as an ambassador for several off-road brands. Péwé is also a frequent guest on Jeep- and outdoors-related shows and automotive sites.

The Jeep Wrangler JL features a flip-flop "Easter egg" on the windshield cowling in honor of Rick's penchant for wearing that type of footwear.

1. "Personalities: Rick Péwé". *Outdoor Channel*. 1999. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
2. "2010 Inductee: Rick Pewe". *ORMHOF.org*. Off-Road Motorsports Hall of Fame. 2010. Retrieved 2016-09-29.
3. Belmond, Sylvie (2010-11-18). "Local man blazed a path for off-road enthusiasts". *Thousand Oaks Acorn -*. Retrieved 2024-08-17.
4. "Willys Jeep Forum". *Pirate4x4.com*.
5. "Rick Pewe in Tempe, AZ - Bizapedia Profile". *www.bizapedia.com*. Retrieved 2024-08-17.
6. "ORMHOF - Legends Live at the Hall of Fame - Shannon Campbell". *www.ormhof.org*. Retrieved 2024-08-17.
7. "Goodyear Extreme Rock Crawling Championships & ARCA". *www.4x4wire.com*. 4x4 Wire. 1999. Retrieved 2016-09-29.
8. "Famous Jeeps & Events Part 3". *Four Wheeler Network*. 4-Wheel & Off-Road Magazine. 2012-03-01. Retrieved 2016-09-29.
9. Brubaker, Ken (2012-02-01). "19 Years Of Top Truck Challenge Winners". *Four Wheeler Network*.
10. "Racing With Rod". *Four Wheeler Network*. 4-Wheel & Off-Road Magazine. June 1, 2007. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
11. Péwé, Rick (January 1, 2010). "Score Baja 1000 - Let's Go Racing!". *Four Wheeler Network*. 4-Wheel & Off-Road Magazine. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
12. "Editor-In-Chief Rick Péwé's Custom CJ-17". *Four Wheeler Network*. 4-Wheel & Off-Road Magazine. September 29, 2016.
13. "Jp Staff: Rick Péwé". *Four Wheeler Network*. Jp Magazine. 2016. Retrieved 2016-09-29.
14. Péwé, Rick (2010-01-19). "4xForward: Wheel While You Can (Dirt Every Day)". *Four Wheeler Network*.
15. "David Freiburger Reflects on 30 Years with HOT ROD". *Motor Trend*. Hot Rod Magazine. October 29, 2021.
16. "Motor Trend Channel". *You Tube*.
17. "Inside a Freiburger/Péwé Dirt Every Day!". *Motor Trend On Demand*.
18. Motor Trend Channel. "Dirt Every Day". *You Tube*.
19. "Fred Williams | Writer". *IMDb*. Retrieved 2024-08-17.
20. "Rick Pewe, Writer". *IMDb*. Retrieved 2024-08-17.
21. "Rick Péwé Cross Country GPW Update". *Rugged Ridge*. 2012-08-31.
22. "Instagram". *www.instagram.com*. Retrieved 2024-08-17.
23. Four Wheeler (2016-10-10). *FACEBOOK LIVE: Rick Pewe revives a flat fender Jeep in Colorado*. Retrieved 2024-08-17  via YouTube.
24. Gastelu, Gary (2019-12-09). "MotorTrend publisher TEN Publishing discontinuing 19 automotive magazines". *Fox News*. Retrieved 2024-08-17.
25. Gone-Gpn. "GONE-GPN All Jeep all the time!". *Gone-Gpn*. Retrieved 2024-08-17.
26. ThriftBooks. "List of books by author Rick Pewe". *ThriftBooks*. Retrieved 2024-08-17.
27. 4xFredWilliams (2024-07-05). *70 Years of Bestop. Swapping stories with Legendary Jeeper Rick Pewe*. Retrieved 2024-08-17  via YouTube.`{{cite AV media}}`: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
28. Adventure Architects (2020-09-13). *Jeep Wrangler 392 Concept Test Drive with Rick Pewe*. Retrieved 2024-08-17  via YouTube.
29. "On The Rocks with Rick Pewe". *The Jeep Life Podcast*. Retrieved 2024-08-17.
30. "The ModernJeeper Show, Ep. 19 – The Legendary Mr. Rick Pewe, Off Road Guru & Chief Jeep Abuser at JP Magazine". *Modern Jeeping News & Education*. 2019-05-30. Retrieved 2024-08-17.
31. Lohnes, Brian (2014-09-21). "1950 Jeep". *BangShift.com*. Retrieved 2024-08-17.
32. "MSN". *www.msn.com*. Retrieved 2024-08-17.
33. "Jeep Included Flip Flops As Easter Eggs on the '20 Gladiator But Won't Say Why". *The Transmission*. 2019-10-03. Retrieved 2024-08-17.
34. "10 Jeep Wrangler and Gladiator Easter Eggs". *www.jk-forum.com*. Retrieved 2024-08-17.


title: Parancistrus aurantiacus

abstract: Parancistrus aurantiacus is a species of armored catfish native to Brazil and Peru, where it is found in the Ucayali, Tocantins and Xingu Rivers. This species grows to a length of 19.3 centimetres (7.6 in) SL.

text:
# Parancistrus aurantiacus

***Parancistrus aurantiacus*** is a species of armored catfish native to Brazil and Peru, where it is found in the Ucayali, Tocantins and Xingu Rivers. This species grows to a length of 19.3 centimetres (7.6 in) SL.

* Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "*Parancistrus aurantiacus*". *FishBase*. December 2011 version.

## InfoBox

| *Parancistrus aurantiacus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Siluriformes |
| Family: | Loricariidae |
| Subfamily: | Hypostominae |
| Tribe: | Ancistrini |
| Genus: | *Parancistrus* |
| Species: | ***P. aurantiacus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Parancistrus aurantiacus***<br>(Castelnau, 1855) | |
|


title: Revolutionary Socialist Party (Left)

abstract: Revolutionary Socialist Party (Left) is a splinter faction of Revolutionary Socialist Party of India in Kerala. The party is an ally of Left Democratic Front.

text:
# Revolutionary Socialist Party (Left)

**Revolutionary Socialist Party** (Left) is a splinter faction of Revolutionary Socialist Party of India in Kerala. The party is an ally of Left Democratic Front.

## Merger with CMP (John)

In 2018, RSP (Left) split, RSP (left) C.P Karthikeyan Group merged with Communist Marxist Party (John) led by C. P. John. RSP(Left) still continue alliance with LDF (Left Democratic Front), Last Re-organisation of LDF in 2018 December 26, After this Re-Organisation LDF Convener A.Vijaya Raghavan Said RSP(Left) is the Alliance party of LDF, Sasikumar cherukole led by RSP(Left).


title: Ainbai language

abstract: Ainbai is a Papuan language of Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea. It is spoken in Ainbai village, Bewani/Wutung Onei Rural LLG, Sandaun Province. Other than Ainbai village, it is also spoken in Elis village.

text:
# Ainbai language

**Ainbai** is a Papuan language of Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea. It is spoken in Ainbai village (3°05′26″S 141°08′48″E / 3.090493°S 141.146645°E / -3.090493; 141.146645 (Ainbai)), Bewani/Wutung Onei Rural LLG, Sandaun Province.

Other than Ainbai village (3°05′26″S 141°08′48″E / 3.090493°S 141.146645°E / -3.090493; 141.146645 (Ainbai)), it is also spoken in Elis village (3°03′25″S 141°05′23″E / 3.056925°S 141.089587°E / -3.056925; 141.089587 (Elis 1)).

## InfoBox

| Ainbai | |
| --- | --- |
| Native to | Papua New Guinea |
| Region | Sandaun Province |
| Native speakers | 100 (2003) |
| Language family | Border * Bewani Range     + Poal River         - **Ainbai** |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | `aic` |
| *Glottolog* | `ainb1238` |
| ELP | Ainbai |
| Ainbai is classified as Severely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger | |
| Coordinates: 3°05′26″S 141°08′48″E / 3.090493°S 141.146645°E / -3.090493; 141.146645 (Ainbai) | |


title: Rawi Cundy

abstract: Rawi Tama Cundy was a New Zealand rugby union player. A utility back, Cundy represented Wairarapa, at provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, in 1929. He played six matches for the All Blacks, including one international. In 1927 he became the first player to score 100 points in a New Zealand first-class season. Cundy was educated at Nelson College from 1916 to 1919.

text:
# Rawi Cundy

**Rawi Tama Cundy** (15 August 1901 – 9 February 1955) was a New Zealand rugby union player. A utility back, Cundy represented Wairarapa, at provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, in 1929. He played six matches for the All Blacks, including one international. In 1927 he became the first player to score 100 points in a New Zealand first-class season.

Cundy was educated at Nelson College from 1916 to 1919.

## InfoBox

Rawi Cundy
| Birth name | Rawi Tama Cundy |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1901-08-15)15 August 1901 |
| Place of birth | Featherston, New Zealand |
| Date of death | 9 February 1955(1955-02-09) (aged 53) |
| Place of death | Hinakura, New Zealand |
| Height | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) |
| Weight | 80 kg (180 lb) |
| School | Nelson College |
| Spouse | Anne Stewart Cameron |
| Occupation(s) | Farmer |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Utility back  Provincial / State sides  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1921–29 Wairarapa  63  ()  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1929 New Zealand  1  (3) | |


title: Natalya Gomez

abstract: Natalya Gomez is a professor, researcher, cryosphere and sea level expert whose research primarily centers around the interactions between ice sheets, sea level, and earth in the past, present and future. Gomez is a professor at McGill University, a Canada Research Chair in Geodynamics of Ice sheet - Sea level interactions, and received the AGU Cryosphere Early Career Award in 2019.

text:
# Natalya Gomez

**Natalya Gomez** is a professor, researcher, cryosphere and sea level expert whose research primarily centers around the interactions between ice sheets, sea level, and earth in the past, present and future. Gomez is a professor at McGill University, a Canada Research Chair in Geodynamics of Ice sheet - Sea level interactions, and received the AGU Cryosphere Early Career Award in 2019.

## Academics and career

Gomez received her bachelor's degree in Physics, with a math minor (2006), and her master's degree in Geophysics and Environmental Studies (2009) at the University of Toronto. Gomez earned her PhD at Harvard University in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences. Her thesis was on sea level and ice sheet interactions, advised by Professor Jerry X. Mitrovica. Gomez's post doctoral work was done at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Science at New York University. She is currently a professor in the Earth & Planetary Sciences Department at McGill University & the Canada Research Chair in the Geodynamics of Ice Sheet - Sea Level interactions.

Much of Gomez's work focuses on creating a better understanding what the future climate will look like based on both the past and current actions/patterns. Her research examines how the continual emission of greenhouse gases will affect our atmosphere and temperature, specifically rising sea levels due to melting ice sheets near the Northern and Southern poles. For a list of Natalya Gomez's publications: see her Google Scholar profile

Gomez's work draws on climate science, glaciology and global geophysics and aims to model and understand records of the Earth's response to past and ongoing climate change and improve predictions of future sea level rise as the climate warms. She is credited with identifying the importance of the stabilizing feedback of gravitationally self-consistent sea-level changes onto the stability and dynamics of marine ice sheets, and she has also explored the role of the rheology of the solid Earth on ice sheet and sea level evolution.

Gomez is a member of the steering committee of the World Climate Research Programme on Regional Sea-level Change & Coastal Impacts.

## Awards and grants

* Cryosphere Early Career Award from the American Geophysical Union (AGU) in 2019, "given annually to one researcher within 10 years of completing their PhD for outstanding contributions to cryospheric science and technology"
* Nominated vice-chair of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG)'s subsection on Cryospheric Deformation, 2019
* Elected Fellow of the American Geophysical Union, 2023

## InfoBox

| Natalya Gomez | |
| --- | --- |
| Known for | Research on the Cryopshere - melting sheet ice, rising sea levels |
| Awards | AGU Cryosphere Early Career Award |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Institutions | Professor at McGill University |
|  | |
| Website | http://www.natalyagomez.com |


title: Million Worker March

abstract: The Million Worker March was a rally against perceived attacks upon working families in America and what organizers described as millions of jobs lost during the Bush administration with the complicity of the Congress of the United States. The Million Worker March took place on October 17, 2004 in Washington, D.C. An estimated 10,000 demonstrators spent the day on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial listening to speeches and discussing various issues. Organizers presented an array of demands from better wages to an end to the war in Iraq. Standing where his father gave his "I have a dream" speech, Martin Luther King III told the crowd that civil rights, workers and anti-war activists must come together in common cause.

text:
# Million Worker March

The **Million Worker March** was a rally against perceived attacks upon working families in America and what organizers described as millions of jobs lost during the Bush administration with the complicity of the Congress of the United States.

The Million Worker March took place on October 17, 2004 in Washington, D.C. An estimated 10,000 demonstrators spent the day on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial listening to speeches and discussing various issues. Organizers presented an array of demands from better wages to an end to the war in Iraq.

Standing where his father gave his "I have a dream" speech, Martin Luther King III told the crowd that civil rights, workers and anti-war activists must come together in common cause.

## Organization and support

The Million Worker March was primarily organized by the International Longshore and Warehouse Union. Although the ILWU was affiliated with the AFL–CIO and the Canadian Labour Congress, neither national trade union officially endorsed the rally.

Based on local union endorsements, organizers estimated that they were representing about 3.5 million workers.

A diverse group of organizations supported the Million Worker March. Global Exchange and the Rainforest Action Network backed the demonstration. The rally also garnered backing from many celebrities like Coretta Scott King, Danny Glover, Jesse Jackson and Chumbawamba.

## Demands

Organizers called for universal health care, a national living wage, guaranteed pensions for all working people, an end to the outsourcing of jobs overseas, a repeal of the Patriot Act, increased funding for public education, free mass transit in every city, a reduction of the military budget and cancellation of pro-corporation pacts.

## Participants

The movement invited all working-class people to come to Washington, D.C. The leaders claimed a sense of urgency to solve problems that plagued working families immediately instead of idly waiting for the end of the George W. Bush administration. Many participants carried signs with slogans like, "Bush lied, thousands died" and "More money for jobs, not war".


title: William Haye

abstract: William Haye was a Jamaican cricketer who played in seven first-class and two List A matches for Jamaica between 1970 and 1977. In March 2019, he was shot dead in his own home, before the house was set on fire.

text:
# William Haye

**William Haye** (15 September 1948  18 March 2019) was a Jamaican cricketer who played in seven first-class and two List A matches for Jamaica between 1970 and 1977. In March 2019, he was shot dead in his own home, before the house was set on fire.

## InfoBox

William Haye
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1948-09-15)15 September 1948 |
| Died | 18 March 2019(2019-03-18) (aged 70)<br>Jamaica |
| Source: Cricinfo, 26 December 2019 | |


title: Flag anthem

abstract: A flag anthem is a patriotic song or ode dedicated to a flag, usually one of a country. It is often either sung or performed during or immediately before the raising or lowering of a flag during a ceremony. Most countries use their respective national anthems or some other patriotic song for this purpose. However, some countries, particularly in South America, use a distinct flag anthem for such purposes. Not all countries have flag anthems. Some used them in the past but no longer do, such as Iran and South Africa. Flag anthems can be officially codified in law, or unofficially recognized as such through mere custom and convention. In some countries, the flag anthem may be just another song, and in others, it may be an official symbol of the state akin to a second national anthem, such as in the Republic of China (Taiwan).

text:
# Flag anthem

A **flag anthem** is a patriotic song or ode dedicated to a flag, usually one of a country (in which case it is also known as a **national flag anthem**). It is often either sung or performed during or immediately before the raising or lowering of a flag during a ceremony. Most countries use their respective national anthems or some other patriotic song for this purpose. However, some countries, particularly in South America, use a distinct flag anthem for such purposes. Not all countries have flag anthems. Some used them in the past but no longer do, such as Iran and South Africa. Flag anthems can be officially codified in law, or unofficially recognized as such through mere custom and convention. In some countries, the flag anthem may be just another song, and in others, it may be an official symbol of the state akin to a second national anthem, such as in the Republic of China (Taiwan).

## List of flag anthems

| Country | Song | Year | Writer | Composer | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bolivia | "El Himno a la Bandera" | 1947 | Ricardo Mujía | Manuel Benavente |  |
| Brazil | "Hino à Bandeira Nacional"
 | 1906 | Olavo Bilac | Francisco Braga |  |
| Costa Rica | "Saludo a la Bandera" | 1946 | Porfirio Brenes Castro | José Joaquín Vargas Calvo |  |
| Dominican Republic | "El Himno a la Bandera" |  | Ramon Emilio Jimenez |  |  |
| Ecuador | "El Himno a la Bandera" | 1936 | Ángel Rivadeneira Pérez | Ángel Rivadeneira Pérez |  |
| Estonia | "Eesti lipp" | 1922 (music), 1897 (lyrics) | Martin Lipp | Enn Võrk |  |
| Finland | "Lippulaulu" | 1927 | V.A. Koskenniemi | Yrjö Kilpinen | Title literally means "Flag song" in English; song is also known as "Siniristilippumme". |
| Indonesia | "Berkibarlah Benderaku" | 1950 | Ibu Soed |  |  |
| Italy | "Onori e Inno Nazionale" | 1847 | *No lyrics* | Michele Novaro | Essentially an abridged version of the Italian national anthem played with ruffles and flourishes beforehand and omitting the introductory section. The song concludes where the bridge of the national anthem would otherwise begin. Alternatively known as "Alzabandiera". |
| Malaysia | "Jalur Gemilang" | 1997 | Siso Kopratasa | Pak Ngah |  |
| Netherlands | "Het Vlaggelied" | 1863 (lyrics), 1853 (music) | Jan Pieter Heije | Wilhelmus Smits |  |
| North Korea | "Our National Flag" | 2019 | Lee Hui-jeong | Kim Kang-nam |  |
| Norway | "Flaggappell"
 | ext. 2002 |  |  |  |
| Paraguay | "Himno a la Bandera" | 1944 | Mauricio Cardozo Ocampo | Mauricio Cardozo Ocampo |  |
| Switzerland | "Fahnenmarsch" |  |  |  |  |
| Republic of China | "National Flag Anthem of the Republic of China "
 | 1936 (music), 1937 (lyrics) | *disputed* | Huang Tzu | The author of the lyrics is disputed, though it is usually attributed to Tai Chi-tao. An alternate title is "青天白日滿地紅", which means "The clear blue sky, white sun, and a wholly red ground". Due to political complications, this song is often played at international sporting events involving Taiwan in place of the National Anthem of the Republic of China. |
| United States | "You're a Grand Old Flag"
 | 1906 | George M. Cohan |  |  |
| Uruguay | "Mi Bandera" | 1939 | Nicolás Bonomi | José Usera |  |

### Former flag anthems

| Country | Song | Used | Writer | Composer | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Iran | "Sorude Parcam"
 | Until 1979 | Mohamad Haschim Afsar | Davood Najmi Moghaddam | Title literally means "Flag song" in English; tune also used in the Iranian royal anthem and national anthem of the time. |
| South Africa | "Vlaglied" | 19611994 | Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven | F.J. Joubert | Title literally means "Flag song" in English; also known alternatively as "Ons eie vlag". |


title: Milan Township, Erie County, Ohio

abstract: Milan Township is one of the nine townships of Erie County, Ohio, United States. It is part of the Sandusky, Ohio metropolitan statistical area, which is also the county seat of Erie County. As of the 2020 census 3,580 people lived in the township.

text:
# Milan Township, Erie County, Ohio

**Milan Township** is one of the nine townships of Erie County, Ohio, United States. It is part of the Sandusky, Ohio metropolitan statistical area, which is also the county seat of Erie County. As of the 2020 census 3,580 people lived in the township.

## Geography

Located in the southern part of the county, it borders the following townships:

The village of Milan is located in southern Milan Township, and the unincorporated community of Avery (formerly 'Spears Corners'), formerly the center of the township's life, lies in the township's west.

## Name and history

In 1787, the village of "Petquotting"/"New Salem" was established by the Moravian Indians (about 3 miles (5 km) north of present Milan village); they abandoned this village by 1791, but returned in 1804, until about 1808, to a new location within the now village of Milan.

Milan Township was originally established about 1808 as "Avery Township". It was shortly later combined with Huron Township for civil and judicial district purposes; and it became Milan Township by 1821. The present site of Avery (centrally located within this township) was formerly named 'Spears Corners".

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.

## InfoBox

| Milan Township, Erie County, Ohio | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Fields and houses in Milan Township | |
| Location of Milan Township in Erie County | |
| Coordinates: 41°18′46″N 82°35′51″W / 41.31278°N 82.59750°W / 41.31278; -82.59750 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Ohio |
| County | Erie |
| Area | |
| Total | 25.9 sq mi (67.1 km2) |
| Land | 25.5 sq mi (66.1 km2) |
| Water | 0.4 sq mi (1.0 km2) |
| Elevation | 581 ft (177 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 3,580 |
| Density | 140/sq mi (53/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 44846 |
| Area code | 419 |
| FIPS code | 39-50148 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1086067 |
| Website | www.milantwp.org |


title: Richard Nicholas Emerson

abstract: Richard Nicholas Emerson, also known as Richard 'Rocket' Emerson or Rocket, is an English musician and actor. He gained prominence as the frontman and principal songwriter for the indie band Pint Shot Riot in the years 2007 - 2013 and was nominated in 2014 for best actor at the Maverick Movie Awards for his acting debut in the independent feature film The Trailer.

text:
# Richard Nicholas Emerson

**Richard Nicholas Emerson**, also known as **Richard 'Rocket' Emerson** or **Rocket**, is an English musician and actor. He gained prominence as the frontman and principal songwriter for the indie band Pint Shot Riot in the years 2007 - 2013 and was nominated in 2014 for best actor at the Maverick Movie Awards for his acting debut in the independent feature film *The Trailer*.

## Early life

Emerson was born in Coventry, on 25th March 1982. He started acting at the age of 12 in various local city and school productions. He was given the nickname 'Rocket' because he used to work in the Coventry pub of the same name (near the railway station). He taught himself guitar at the age of 21 and a few years later he formed the band Pint Shot Riot.

## Music career

Pint Shot Riot began performing in January 2007, with Richard 'Rocket' Emerson as the frontman (lead vocals and rhythm guitar) and as the main songwriter. In the summer of the same year, they appeared on the BBC Introducing stage at Glastonbury Festival and next year, in 2008, they signed a publishing deal with the EA Games / Nettwerk Music Group. Some of their songs featured in Electronic Arts games like FIFA 10, FIFA 12 or Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit.

## Acting career

Emerson studied acting at The Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute in New York City, in 2010. He debuted in the 2014 independent feature film *The Trailer* (nominated for best actor at Maverick Movie Awards). He shot a few short films and a US TV commercial, as well as starring in the Pint Shot Riot *Starting To Fly* music video, as a troubled soldier with PTSD.

## Personal life

Emerson lived in New York City in 2010 and moved to Clifton in Bristol in 2015. Together with his wife Louise, he built a vintage clothing business called "Loot", with several stores, before scaling back to one store in Bristol at the end of 2022 to focus on his acting career. He has two sons called Jude and Sonny.

## InfoBox

| Richard Nicholas Emerson | |
| --- | --- |
| Richard Nicholas Emerson in NYC 2011 | |
| Background information | |
| Also known as | Rocket |
| Born | (1982-03-25) 25 March 1982<br>Coventry |
| Genres | Indie rock |
| Occupation(s) | musician, songwriter, actor |
| Instrument(s) | vocals, guitar |


title: Parchtitz

abstract: Parchtitz is a municipality in the Vorpommern-Rügen district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

text:
# Parchtitz

**Parchtitz** is a municipality in the Vorpommern-Rügen district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

## Geography and transport

Parchtitz is about 3 kilometres northwest of Bergen auf Rügen and lies on the Duwenbeek, the only large stream on Rügen. The stream's source is the lake of Nonnensee, which also lies within Parchtitz and which was re-established in 1993 after a long period of being drained. The village lies immediately on the Landesstraße 30 from Bergen to Gingst. The B 96 and the railway line from Stralsund to Sassnitz runs east of the village.

### Villages

The following villages fall within the municipality:

* Parchtitz
* Boldevitz
* Gademow
* Muglitz
* Neuendorf
* Platvitz
* Reischvitz
* Volkshagen
* Willihof

## InfoBox

| Parchtitz | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Manour House Boldewitz in Parchtitz municipality | |
| Location of Parchtitz within Vorpommern-Rügen district | |
| Parchtitz Parchtitz | |
| Coordinates: 54°25′N 13°23′E / 54.417°N 13.383°E / 54.417; 13.383 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Mecklenburg-Vorpommern |
| District | Vorpommern-Rügen |
| Municipal assoc. | Bergen auf Rügen |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Wilfried Schuldt |
| Area | |
| Total | 25.05 km2 (9.67 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 27 m (89 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 748 |
| Density | 30/km2 (77/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 18528 |
| Dialling codes | 03838, 038305 |
| Vehicle registration | RÜG |
| Website | www.amt-bergen-auf-ruegen.de |


title: Retail floorplan

abstract: Retail floor planning is a type of short term loan used by retailers to purchase high-cost inventory such as automobiles. These loans are often secured by the inventory purchased as collateral. Floor planning is commonly used in new and used car dealerships. Contrary to common perceptions, most car dealers do not pay cash for the vehicles on their lot. Even smaller dealerships can have an inventory of vehicles representing millions of dollars of capital investment. Most car dealerships use a floorplan facility to finance their inventory and factor the cost of the facility into the price presented to the consumer. The practice of using floorplan loans to finance inventory creates an incentive for the dealers to sell vehicles as quickly as possible in order to reduce the amount of interest that will accrue on the floored vehicle. Floor planning costs can run into hundreds of thousands of dollars a month for a big multi-location dealer with large inventories. In the case of new vehicles, they are generally floor planned by the manufacturer, such as Ally Financial. With used car dealers, specialty finance companies cater to their industry. Rather than offering loans for each individual vehicle purchase, most floor planning companies supply dealers with a revolving line of credit that they can use to acquire inventory, such as through automobile auctions. Floor planning (flooring) vehicles is a way to acquire inventory, but it can have negative consequences if payments are not made on time. Curtailment schedules vary by floor plan providers, but they generally range from 5–20% of the original loan proceeds on each vehicle every 30/60/90/120 days. If curtailments are not made or the dealer enters into default on their obligations, floor plan companies will take action to minimize their exposure. Those actions include attaching to the bond, repossessing the collateral, and other collection efforts. Dealers of recreational vehicles, boats, major appliances, and manufactured/mobile homes may also use floor planning for all or part of their inventories.

text:
# Retail floorplan

**Retail floor planning** (also referred to as **floorplanning** or **inventory financing**) is a type of short term loan used by retailers to purchase high-cost inventory such as automobiles. These loans are often secured by the inventory purchased as collateral.

Floor planning is commonly used in new and used car dealerships. Contrary to common perceptions, most car dealers do not pay cash for the vehicles on their lot. Even smaller dealerships can have an inventory of vehicles representing millions of dollars of capital investment.

Most car dealerships use a floorplan facility to finance their inventory and factor the cost of the facility into the price presented to the consumer. The practice of using floorplan loans to finance inventory creates an incentive for the dealers to sell vehicles as quickly as possible in order to reduce the amount of interest that will accrue on the floored vehicle. Floor planning costs can run into hundreds of thousands of dollars a month for a big multi-location dealer with large inventories.

In the case of new vehicles, they are generally floor planned by the manufacturer, such as Ally Financial (formerly GMAC). With used car dealers, specialty finance companies cater to their industry.

Rather than offering loans for each individual vehicle purchase, most floor planning companies supply dealers with a revolving line of credit that they can use to acquire inventory, such as through automobile auctions.

Floor planning (flooring) vehicles is a way to acquire inventory, but it can have negative consequences if payments (curtailments or payoffs) are not made on time. Curtailment schedules vary by floor plan providers, but they generally range from 5–20% of the original loan proceeds on each vehicle every 30/60/90/120 days. If curtailments are not made or the dealer enters into default on their obligations, floor plan companies will take action to minimize their exposure. Those actions include attaching to the bond (not all states require dealers to have bonds), repossessing the collateral, and other collection efforts.

Dealers of recreational vehicles, boats, major appliances, and manufactured/mobile homes may also use floor planning for all or part of their inventories.


title: Ainbcellach mac Ferchair

abstract: Ainbcellach mac Ferchair was king of the Cenél Loairn of Dál Riata, and perhaps of all Dál Riata, from 697 until 698, when he was deposed and exiled to Ireland. He was a son of Ferchar Fota. He is given the epithet the Good in the Duan Albanach, a praise poem from the 11th century. It is unclear how long he remained in exile. There are reports of fighting in Dál Riata in the early 8th century which might be a conflict between Ainbcellach and his brother, Selbach mac Ferchair, or between the Cenél Loairn and the Cenél nGabráin for control of Dál Riata. Ainbcellach had certainly returned by September 719, when he was killed fighting against Selbach in "Finnglen". Ainbcellach's son Muiredach was later king of the Cenél Loairn. The later Mormaers of Moray traced their descent to Ainbcellach and the Cenél Loairn through Ainbcellach's son Ruadrí.

text:
# Ainbcellach mac Ferchair

**Ainbcellach mac Ferchair** was king of the Cenél Loairn of Dál Riata, and perhaps of all Dál Riata, from 697 until 698, when he was deposed and exiled to Ireland.

He was a son of Ferchar Fota. He is given the epithet **the Good** in the *Duan Albanach*, a praise poem from the 11th century.

It is unclear how long he remained in exile. There are reports of fighting in Dál Riata in the early 8th century which might be a conflict between Ainbcellach and his brother, Selbach mac Ferchair, or between the Cenél Loairn and the Cenél nGabráin for control of Dál Riata. Ainbcellach had certainly returned by September 719, when he was killed fighting against Selbach in "Finnglen" (perhaps near Loch Fyne).

Ainbcellach's son Muiredach was later king of the Cenél Loairn. The later Mormaers of Moray traced their descent to Ainbcellach and the Cenél Loairn through Ainbcellach's son Ruadrí.

* Anderson, Alan Orr, *Early Sources of Scottish History A.D 5001286*, volume 1. Reprinted with corrections. Paul Watkins, Stamford, 1990. ISBN 1-871615-03-8
* Broun, Dauvit, "Pictish Kings 761839: Integration with Dál Riata or Separate Development" in Sally M. Foster (ed.), *The St Andrews Sarcophagus: A Pictish masterpiece and its international connections.* Four Courts, Dublin, 1998. ISBN 1-85182-414-6


title: Rawhiya al-Qallini

abstract: Rawhiya al-Qallini (1915–1980) was an Egyptian poet and cultural center director.

text:
# Rawhiya al-Qallini

**Rawhiya al-Qallini** (1915–1980) was an Egyptian poet and cultural center director.

## Life

Born in Desouk, al-Qallini was the daughter of a sheikh who sent her to Tanta, Egypt for primary school; for her secondary education she went to Alexandria. She received her bachelor's degree in Arabic from Cairo University in 1942, whereupon she traveled to Iraq to direct a girls' school in Mosul. Two years later she returned to Cairo, where she worked first in a primary and later in a secondary school. She was the founder of the Union of Women University Students in Egypt, and later directed the General Department of Sabbaticals and Cultural Centers.

She published eight volumes of poetry during her career, beginning with *A Heart's Supplications* in 1959 and finishing with *The Nectar of Memories* in the year of her death.

She was a contemporary of several other female poets of that time: Jamila al-'Alayili, Jalila Rida, Malak ‘Abd al-‘Aziz, Safiya Abu Shadi, Hayfa’ al-Shanawani, and Sufi ‘Abd Allah.

## InfoBox

| Rawhiya al-Qallini | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1915<br>Desouk, Egypt |
| Died | 1980 |
| Nationality | Egyptian |
| Occupation | Poet |