title: Jack F. Paulus Skiway

abstract: The Jack F. Paulus Skiway is an airport located at Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station at the South Pole. The station has a runway for aircraft, 3658 m / 12000 ft long. Between October and February, there are several flights per week of ski-equipped LC-130 Hercules aircraft from McMurdo Station to supply the station. Additionally, Kenn Borek Air Twin Otters and DC-3s visit the base in support of science and logistics. Resupply missions are collectively termed Operation Deep Freeze. Dimensional cargo capacity of the Hercules aircraft must be considered for all of the station's logistical support. Large scientific experiments and structures such as the new station are broken down into modular pieces and reassembled on-site. Limitations and cost of the Hercules aircraft have been cited by the National Science Foundation as one of the main reasons for the McMurdo–South Pole traverse over-ice ground supply route.

text:
# Jack F. Paulus Skiway

The **Jack F. Paulus Skiway** (ICAO: **NZSP**) is an airport located at Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station at the South Pole.

The station has a runway for aircraft, 3658 m / 12000 ft long. Between October and February, there are several flights per week of ski-equipped LC-130 Hercules aircraft from McMurdo Station to supply the station. Additionally, Kenn Borek Air Twin Otters and DC-3s visit the base in support of science and logistics. Resupply missions are collectively termed Operation Deep Freeze.

Dimensional cargo capacity of the Hercules aircraft must be considered for all of the station's logistical support. Large scientific experiments and structures such as the new station are broken down into modular pieces and reassembled on-site. Limitations and cost of the Hercules aircraft have been cited by the National Science Foundation as one of the main reasons for the McMurdo–South Pole traverse over-ice ground supply route.

## Etymology

Jack F. Paulus was a pilot who had nine deployments in Antarctica between 1969 and 1981.

## InfoBox

| Jack F. Paulus Skiway | |
| --- | --- |
| The South Pole cargo crew unloads passengers from an LC-130. In order to prevent lubricating oil, hydraulic fluids and fuel from freezing, the engines are kept running while the plane is on the ground. | |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Serves | Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station |
| Location | South Pole Antarctica |
| Elevation AMSL | 9,300 ft / 2,835 m |
| Coordinates | 89°59′22″S 1°0′0″W / 89.98944°S 1.00000°W / -89.98944; -1.00000 |
| Map | |
| Jack F. Paulus SkiwayLocation of airfield in Antarctica | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  ft m  02/20 12,000 3,658 Snow | |


title: Piercetown, County Westmeath (townland)

abstract: Piercetown is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. The townland is in the civil parish of Castlelost. The town of Tyrrellspass lies to the south-west, and Rochfortbridge is to the east. Bordering townlands include Meedin to the west, Castlelost West to the east, Gneevebane to the south and Kilbrennan to the north.

text:
# Piercetown, County Westmeath (townland)

**Piercetown** is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. The townland is in the civil parish of Castlelost. The town of Tyrrellspass lies to the south-west, and Rochfortbridge is to the east. Bordering townlands include Meedin to the west, Castlelost West to the east, Gneevebane to the south and Kilbrennan to the north.

1. "Piercetown Townland, Co. Westmeath". *www.townlands.ie*. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
2. "Piercetown". *Logainm.ie*. Retrieved 30 April 2020.


title: Ray Elton

abstract: Ray Elton was a British cinematographer. Elton was employed by Sydney Box's documentary unit Verity Films during the Second World War. He later worked on several Gainsborough Pictures films, once Box took over the running of the studio.

text:
# Ray Elton

**Ray Elton** (28 January 1914 – 7 May 1994) was a British cinematographer. Elton was employed by Sydney Box's documentary unit Verity Films during the Second World War. He later worked on several Gainsborough Pictures films, once Box took over the running of the studio.

## Selected filmography

## Bibliography

* Spicer, Andrew. *Sydney Box*. Manchester University Press, 2006.

## InfoBox

| Ray Elton | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 28 January 1914
Cardiff, Wales
United Kingdom |
| Died | 7 May 1994(1994-05-07) (aged 80)
London, England
United Kingdom |
| Other names | Samuel Raymond Elton |
| Occupation(s) | Cinematographer, Producer |
| Years active | 1937 - 1981 (film) |


title: William R. Jones House

abstract: The William R. Jones House is an historic house at 307 Harvard Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It is a 2+1⁄2-story wood-frame house, whose Second Empire styling includes a flared mansard roof and flushboarded siding scored to resemble ashlar stone. It has a rare example in Cambridge of a curvilinear front gable, in which is an oculus window. Its windows are topped by heavy decorative hoods, and the porch features square posts with large decorative brackets. The house was built c. 1865 for William R. Jones, a soap manufacturer, and typifies the houses that were built lining Harvard Street in the 19th century after the Dana estate was subdivided. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

text:
# William R. Jones House

The **William R. Jones House** is an historic house at 307 Harvard Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It is a 2+12-story wood-frame house, whose Second Empire styling includes a flared mansard roof and flushboarded siding scored to resemble ashlar stone. It has a rare example in Cambridge of a curvilinear front gable, in which is an oculus window. Its windows are topped by heavy decorative hoods, and the porch features square posts with large decorative brackets. The house was built c. 1865 for William R. Jones, a soap manufacturer, and typifies the houses that were built lining Harvard Street in the 19th century after the Dana estate was subdivided.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| William R. Jones House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Cambridge, Massachusetts |
| Coordinates | 42°22′12.3″N 71°06′22.9″W / 42.370083°N 71.106361°W / 42.370083; -71.106361 |
| Built | 1865 |
| Architectural style | Second Empire |
| MPS | Cambridge MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 83000813 |
| Added to NRHP | June 30, 1983 |


title: Ranson's Folly (1915 film)

abstract: Ranson's Folly is a lost 1915 silent feature western produced by Thomas A. Edison, Inc. Based on the Richard Harding Davis novel and Broadway play, this film is the second version of the story. An earlier short had been made in 1910. A later film appeared in 1926 Ranson's Folly.

text:
# Ranson's Folly (1915 film)

***Ranson's Folly*** is a lost 1915 silent feature western produced by Thomas A. Edison, Inc. Based on the Richard Harding Davis novel and Broadway play, this film is the second version of the story. An earlier short had been made in 1910. A later film appeared in 1926 *Ranson's Folly*.

## Cast

* Marc McDermott \- Patrick Cahill
* Mabel Trunnelle \- Mary Cahill
* Marjorie Ellison - A Dope Fiend
* Edward Earle \- Lieutenant Ranson
* Joseph Bingham - Rev. John Spaulding
* Gladys Leslie \- Miss Perry
* Jessie Stevens - Miss Violet Pebble
* James Harris - Sergeant Clancey
* George A. Wright - Major Caswell

## InfoBox

| Ranson's Folly | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Richard Ridgely |
| Written by | Richard Harding Davis (novel, play: *Ranson's Folly*) |
| Produced by | Thomas A. Edison, Inc. |
| Distributed by | General Film Company |
| Release date | * September 17, 1915 (1915-09-17) |
| Running time | 4 reels |
| Country | United States |
| Languages | Silent<br>English intertitles |


title: Warner Bros. Jungle Habitat

abstract: Warner Bros. Jungle Habitat, which was in West Milford, in Passaic County, New Jersey, United States, was a Warner Bros.-owned theme park that opened in the summer of 1972, and closed in October 1976. By November 1972, the park had 500,000 paid visitors. The park contained over 1,500 animals; it consisted of a drive-through section and a walk-through section. The drive-through section was an animal safari park and the walk-through area was called Jungle Junction.

text:
# Warner Bros. Jungle Habitat

**Warner Bros. Jungle Habitat**, which was in West Milford, in Passaic County, New Jersey, United States, was a Warner Bros.-owned theme park that opened in the summer of 1972, and closed in October 1976. By November 1972, the park had 500,000 paid visitors. The park contained over 1,500 animals; it consisted of a drive-through section and a walk-through section. The drive-through section was an animal safari park and the walk-through area was called Jungle Junction.

## History

The park featured a drive-through safari section, which allowed for wild animals to roam free and approach vehicles as they slowly drove through. Drivers and their passenger(s) could observe peacocks, baboons, camels, elephants, llamas, giraffes, and Siberian tigers in this section, either in their cars or on a Jungle Habitat bus. Many of the animals would climb atop the cars, and/or walk in front of vehicles, bringing them to a halt. Signs were posted along the route to warn visitors to keep their windows closed.

The walk-through section was a small theme park which included a petting zoo, camel and elephant rides, snack bars, gift shop, a reptile house, a dolphin show, and "Bugs Bunny and Friends" live shows with Warner Bros.' Looney Tunes characters, including Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Yosemite Sam, Tweety Bird, Sylvester the Cat, Speedy Gonzales, Wile E. Coyote, the Road Runner and Merlin the Magic Mouse. Guests could have their photographs taken with the characters. The shows occurred three times a day on weekdays, and four on weekends. A small tram station here was called *Jungle Junction*.
The park did not have amusement-style rides, although there were plans (which never materialized) to add them in the spring of 1977.

### Plans

The park was initially profitable. However, business declined gradually as it failed to attract repeat business without changing its attractions or adding new ones. In 1975, Warner Bros. proposed a $20 million expansion project to the site. The project would include a large wooden roller coaster, a steel junior coaster, a carousel, log flume, plus adult spinning rides, and a few "kiddie" rides. The township's residents were divided on whether or not to approve such a project. The potential for further traffic congestion was a major issue.

### Closure and current status

The park opened as usual during the summer of 1976, with rumors of a big expansion planned for the following summer. The park's last weekend in operation was Halloween weekend. On November 2, township residents narrowly voted against the expansion. Following the vote, Warner Bros. decided to shut the park down and sell the land. After the park closed, newspapers reported that several animal carcasses, including an elephant, had been left there to decay. Competition from Great Adventure, combined with poor management and the park's inability to easily expand, may have contributed to the demise of Jungle Habitat.

For years after it closed, the site's deteriorated buildings remained, and rumors of animals still roaming the property attracted curiosity seekers. Accounts of such explorations were published in *Weird NJ* magazine, and on its website. None of the animal-based rumors are true; the animals were sold to buyers across the country.

The 800-acre (3.2 km2) Jungle Habitat property, containing 26 miles (42 km) of paved roads, was purchased by the state in 1988 for $1.45 million. The property, adjacent to Norvin Green State Forest and Greenwood Lake Airport, is part of Long Pond Ironworks State Park and is administered by Ringwood State Park. In 2007, under the direction of Ringwood State Park, the Ramapo Valley Cycling Club (a chapter of the Jersey Off Road Bicycle Association JORBA) performed a cleanup of the park, with 70 volunteers contributing. Brush was cleared and trash was removed. More recently, under the management of Ringwood State Park, JORBA built single-track trails designed for bicycle, equestrian, and foot traffic. There were 11 to 12 miles of single-track trails by 2008.

There was negotiation between West Milford and New Jersey to lease the 10-acre (40,000 m2) macadam parking lot for recreational use. In recent years, the property was used to host West Milford's Fourth of July celebrations (known as "Thunder in the Highlands") under a special-use permit. A local bicycle shop sponsors "Rumble in the Jungle", an annual mountain bike race. The area has become popular with dog walkers, mountain bikers, trail runners, equestrians, and American black bears.

## Incidents

* On October 9, 1972, an Israeli tourist, Abraham Levy, driving through the safari in a taxi, was attacked by a lion.
* In November 1972, two wolves escaped their enclosure and were caught before leaving the property.
* In December 1972, television show host Jack Paar was cut while "roughhousing" with a 6-month-old tiger cub while filming a TV special.
* On July 8, 1974, a woman was bitten by a baby African elephant who had reached out of its enclosure with its trunk and grabbed the woman; she ultimately was awarded $200,000 for her injuries.
* In 1977, several of the park's animals had contracted tuberculosis and were euthanized.

## Former attractions

* Safari Car Ride – The main attraction of Warner Bros. Jungle Habitat was a drive through safari.
* Zebra-go Round – A carousel featuring zebras instead of horses.

## InfoBox

Warner Bros. Jungle Habitat
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | West Milford, New Jersey, United States |
| Coordinates | 41°07′48″N 74°20′27″W / 41.129911°N 74.340947°W / 41.129911; -74.340947 |
| Status | Defunct |
| Opened | July 19, 1972 (1972-07-19) |
| Closed | October 31, 1976 (1976-10-31) |
| Owner | Warner Bros. |
| Theme | Natural environment and animal conservation |


title: Noel Shull

abstract: Noel J. Shull is an American politician. He is a member of the Missouri House of Representatives, having served since 2013. He is a member of the Republican Party.

text:
# Noel Shull

**Noel J. Shull** (born May 28, 1942) is an American politician. He is a member of the Missouri House of Representatives, having served since 2013. He is a member of the Republican Party.

## InfoBox

| Noel Shull | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Missouri House of Representatives
from the 16th district | |
| **In office**
2013–2021 | |
| Succeeded by | Chris Brown |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1942-05-28) May 28, 1942
Hale, Missouri |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Peggy |
| Relations | Larkin, Shelby, TJ, Anna, Bridget, Molly (grandchildren) |
| Children | two |
| Residence | Kansas City, Missouri |
| Profession | banker |
|  | |


title: Ornativalva serratisignella

abstract: Ornativalva serratisignella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Sattler in 1967. It is found in Sudan, Iraq and Iran. Adults have been recorded on wing in February, April, May and September. The host plant is unknown, but might be a Tamarix species.

text:
# Ornativalva serratisignella

***Ornativalva serratisignella*** is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Sattler in 1967. It is found in Sudan, Iraq and Iran (Luristan, Baluchistan).

Adults have been recorded on wing in February, April, May and September.

The host plant is unknown, but might be a *Tamarix* species.

## InfoBox

| *Ornativalva serratisignella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Genus: | *Ornativalva* |
| Species: | ***O. serratisignella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ornativalva serratisignella***<br>Sattler, 1967 | |
|


title: Glomeraceae

abstract: The Glomeraceae are a family of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi that form symbiotic relationships (mycorrhizas) with plant roots. The family was circumscribed in 1989.

text:
# Glomeraceae

The ***Glomeraceae*** are a family of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi that form symbiotic relationships (mycorrhizas) with plant roots. The family was circumscribed in 1989.

Data related to Glomeraceae at Wikispecies

## InfoBox

| Glomeraceae | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Rhizophagus irregularis* mycelia in the cells of plant host *Vicia faba* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Glomeromycota |
| Class: | Glomeromycetes |
| Order: | Glomerales |
| Family: | Glomeraceae
Piroz. & Dalpé (1989) |
|
| Type genus | |
| *Glomus*
Tul. & C.Tul. (1845) | |
| Genera | |
| *Funneliformis*
*Glomus*
*Rhizophagus*
*Sclerocystis*
*Septoglomus* | |
| Synonyms | |
| Glomaceae | |


title: Jack F. Shaw

abstract: John F. "Jack" Shaw was a Western Michigan University track and cross-country coach whose tenure spanned 32 years. Shaw took over the head coaching reins from George Dales in 1970; he retired from the position in June 2002. Shaw was born in Kane, Pennsylvania; he died at the age of 70, in Kalamazoo, Michigan, on January 9, 2009.

text:
# Jack F. Shaw

**John F.** "**Jack**" **Shaw** (June 1, 1938 – January 9, 2009) was a Western Michigan University track and cross-country coach whose tenure spanned 32 years. Shaw took over the head coaching reins from George Dales in 1970; he retired from the position in June 2002. Shaw was born in Kane, Pennsylvania; he died at the age of 70, in Kalamazoo, Michigan, on January 9, 2009.

## Mentor to 56 All-Americans at WMU

As Men's Head Coach at Western Michigan University, Shaw was named Mid-American Conference Coach of the Year in outdoor track six times; five times in cross country and once for indoor track. A four-time recipient of the Central Collegiate Conference Coach of the Year award, in 1995; he was also named National Collegiate Athletic Association District IV Coach of the Year. Shaw was enshrined within the university's Athletic Hall of Fame in 1997, after leading the WMU Bronco men's track and field team to six Mid-American Conference outdoor championships - including back-to-back titles in 1995 and 1996. WMU also finished as the MAC runner-up nine times with Shaw at the helm.

During Shaw's tenure, the university's indoor track and field team finished in the top-three (at the MAC Invitational) on six occasions. Western Michigan University also claimed five MAC cross-country titles during Shaw's career; including consecutive championships in 1976 and 1977. With Shaw's guidance, the Broncos won two Central Collegiate Conference outdoor track titles, in 1995 and 1996; one indoor CCC title in 1993, and three CCC cross country crowns in 1970, 1996 and 1999. Nationally, Jack Shaw's squads placed fifth in 1970 and 12th in 1989 at the NCAA Division I Cross Country Championships.

Shaw produced more NCAA All-Americans than any other coach in Western Michigan University history, with a total of fifty-six. Twenty-nine of Shaw's outdoor track and field athletes earned All-America Team recognition; as did twenty-one indoor track athletes and six cross country runners.

## Early career and education

Prior to arriving at Western Michigan, Shaw had served as an assistant coach for the University of Pittsburgh, for Marshall University, and Ohio University; Jack had arrived on the collegiate scene after guiding Warren High School of Pennsylvania to a state cross-country championship in 1966.

Jack Shaw earned his master's degree from Western Michigan University, and his bachelor's degree (in Geology) from Muskingum College of Ohio. As an undergraduate, Shaw was captain of the Muskingum track and field team; in 1960, Jack established a varsity record in the 120-yard hurdles. Shaw also served in the United States Army from 1962 until 1968; it was during his military service that Jack developed and nurtured a desire to coach.

The 1971 marriage of Jack and Karen Olson-Shaw brought two sons, Scott and Timothy. Shaw's legacy is also carried on by WMU; the annual home outdoor track meet  *The Jack Shaw Classic*  takes place every spring at Western's Kanley Track Stadium.

## Shaw's NCAA All-Americans

**Outdoor Track and Field**

* 2002 **Dale Cowper**, 13th, hammer throw, 208-0
* 1998 **Phil McMullen**, 5th, decathlon, 7,613
* 1997 **Phil McMullen**, 2nd, decathlon, 7,731
* 1996 **Burger Lambrechts**, 8th, shot put, 61–0.5
* 1995 **Jeff Brandenburg**, 8th, shot put, 59–11.75
* 1995 **Brian Keane**, 11th, javelin, 221-6
* 1993 **Brian Keane**, 4th, javelin, 235-1
* 1993 **Nate Langlois**, 10th, 200 meters, 20.79
* 1992 **Vinton Bennett**, 3rd, high jump, 7–4.25
* 1992 **Brian Keane**, 7th, javelin, 224-4
* 1991 **Vinton Bennett**, 3rd, high jump, 7–5.25
* 1990 **Jesse McGuire**, 7th, 10,000 meters, 29:05.09
* 1985 **Alex Washington**, 6th, 110 meter Hurdles, 13.74 (w)
* 1983 **Alex Washington**, 10th, 110 meter Hurdles, 13.7 (ht), 14.01\*
* 1982 **Jack Mclntosh**, 2nd, 800 meters, 1:48.1
* 1981 **Chuck Greene**, 8th, javelin, 249-1
* 1980 **Jack Mclntosh**, 7th, 800 meters, 1:49.86
* 1979 **Jack Mclntosh**, 2nd, 800 meters, 1:46.76
* 1978 **Ron Parisi**, 6th, javelin, 248-4
* 1977 **Tom Duits**, 5th, 1500 meters, 3:41.3
* 1971 **Jeromee Liebenberg**, 3rd, 3000 meter steeplechase, 8:37.0
* 1971 **John Bennett**, 6th, six-mile, 27:54.3

**Indoor Track and Field**

* 2001 **Dale Cowper**, 12th, weight throw, 66–11.5
* 1996 **Burger Lambrechts**, 3rd, shot put, 61–9.5
* 1995 **Jeff Brandenburg**, 7th, shot put, 58–9.75
* 1994 **Jeff Brandenburg**, 7th, shot put, 60-4
* 1993 **Nate Langlois**, 7th, 200 meters, 21.38
* 1988 **Robert Louis**, 5th, 200 meters, 21.34
* 1988 **Jamie Hence**, 5th, 55 meter Hurdles, 7.38
* 1985 **Tom Broekema**, **Robert Louis**, **Brad Mora**, **Eric Teutsch** \- 5th, distance medley relay, 9:42.53
* 1985 **Alex Washington**, 8th, 55 meter Hurdles, 7.32
* 1982 **Mike Fowler**, **Gordon Mclntosh**, **Kurt Liechty**, **Jack Mclntosh** \- 6th, two-mile relay, 7:30.60
* 1981 **Mike Ericksen**, 7th, 600 meters, 1:12.11
* 1981 **Dave Beauchamp**, **Gordon Mclntosh**, **Dana Houston**, **Kurt Liechty** \- 3rd, two-mile relay, 7:34.15
* 1979 **Dave Beauchamp**, **Mike Karasiewicz**, **Mike Thompson**, **Jack Mclntosh** \- 2nd, two-mile relay, 7:31.9
* 1978 **Tom Duits**, 5th, mile, 4:13.45
* 1976 **Mike Schomer**, 2nd, weight throw, 62–5.75
* 1972 **Gary Harris**, 2nd, two-mile, 8:37.4

**Cross-Country**

* 1989 **Jesse McGuire**, 14th, 30:09.34
* 1989 **Brad Kirk**, 33rd, 30:36
* 1988 **Jesse McGuire**, 26th, 30:01
* 1976 **Tom Duits**, 35th, 29:32.98
* 1970 **Jeromee Liebenberg**, 14th, 28:46
* 1970 **Gary Harris**, 18th, 28:50


title: Pietro Verri

abstract: Count Pietro Verri was an Italian economist, historian, philosopher and writer. Among the most important personalities of the 18th-century Italian culture, he is considered among the fathers of the Lombard reformist Enlightenment and the most important pre-Smithian authority on cheapness and plenty.

text:
# Pietro Verri

Count **Pietro Verri** (12 December 1728 – 28 June 1797) was an Italian economist, historian, philosopher and writer. Among the most important personalities of the 18th-century Italian culture, he is considered among the fathers of the Lombard reformist Enlightenment and the most important pre-Smithian authority on cheapness and plenty.

## Early life

Pietro Verri was born to a conservative noble family the eldest son of Gabriele Verri and Barbara Dati Della Somaglia, in a house of the Archinto in via Stampa 19 in Milan, then under Austrian rule. He had three brothers: Alessandro, Carlo and Giovanni. After the death of his brother, Carlo, he raised his nephew Luigi Castiglioni and greatly influenced the young man. He studied in the Jesuit college in Monza, five years (1740–44) in the college of Barnabites in San Alessandro in Milan and two years (1744–45) in Rome in the college of Nazareno run by the Scolopi order. He received a strong religious education, from which he began to rebel when he reached his twenties.

He volunteered to serve in the Seven Years' War in order to escape his father's decision to register him for legal studies but quit after a year. In mid-September 1759, he met the economist Henry Lloyd and developed a lifelong friendship with him. Verri soon became convinced that Political Economy had to be at the center of all serious social and political interests. In his early life, he translated Destouches' works and wrote satirical almanacs (*Borlanda impasticciata*, *Gran Zoroastro* and *Mal di Milza*) which scandalized the Milanese society.

Verri's early steps in educating himself in the science of civil society were guided by four eighteenth-century intellectual giants of the Enlightenment: Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, David Hume, Edward Gibbon, and Helvétius. In combination, these particularly informed his emerging views on law and civil society, the importance of historical understanding, his utilitarian tendencies and, more specifically, economic issues associated with trade, money, credit, and taxation. In 1761, together with his brother Alessandro, he founded a literary association, the Società dei Pugni ("Society of the Fists"), and, from 1764, published the magazine *Il Caffè* ("The Coffeehouse"). Pietro Verri was the founder, leader, and active contributor to both. *Il Caffe* appeared between 1764 and 1766 in successive magazines made in two volumes. Magazine 10 of Volume 1 has an article by Pietro Verri devoted to thoughts on the spirit of Italian Literature Here Verri describes Galileo-Newtonianism at the philosophical level as a force of renovation, providing a new connecting frame for scientific reasoning, in the spirit of what we have called above moral Newtonianism. his magazine became an important reference on Enlightenment Milan. Other figures who wrote on it include his brother Alessandro, the famous philosopher Cesare Beccaria, Alfonso Longo and Pietro Secchi.

## Political economy

In 1764, he also entered the public administration, where he distinguished for his reforming attitudes: in particular, he proposed the abolition of the exaction of taxes through intermediaries. After a documented *Bilance on the Commerce of the State of Milan*, In 1769 Verri published notable work, *Elementi del Commercio* ("Elements of Commerce"), inspired by a wide interpretation of liberalism in commerce. This was followed by the *Meditazioni sull'economia politica* ("Reflection's on Political Economy", 1771), the book contains 40 sections and when Verri's Meditiazioni first appeared was well received. Its success was considerable, in just one year, five different editions produced. According to Schumpeter, Verri was one of the first economists to figure out a balance of payments and Schumpeter adds Verri is the most important pre-Smithian authority on Cheapness and Plenty.

His work is clearly one of the many examples in the economic literature which during the quarter-century after 1750 marks the emergence of political economy as a separate science. Pietro Verri provides the first systematic contribution stemming from the quarters of Lombard enlightenment in the field of political economy. From the vantage point afforded by Verri's political economy, we gain a considerably attractive view of the most significant elements and characteristic concepts of Lombard enlightenment during the latter half of the 18th century.

Meditiazioni can be separated three different parts. The first, covering the first five sections, presents the general principles of the science by explaining economic development and growth, circulation, production, exchange, money, and prices in general terms. These general principles are supplemented and elucidated on money, industry, interest, and circulation and on population. Part II then applies these principles to a number of policy questions in political economy: the distribution of landed property, guilds and other forms of restrictive practices through privilege, price controls, controls over sales, sumptuary laws and some observations associated with population and agriculture. Part III presents the theory of finance while the last three sections act as a sort of summary of the policy implications of the material presented. First 5 editions of Meditiazioni do not contain any mathematical term, however, some footnotes added in the sixth edition in order to interpret Verri's economic thought into mathematical terms.

The aim of political economy to increase national power, strength and happiness is achievable through an increased population, incentives to labor, increased production and an appropriate balance between it and consumption. Success in achieving this policy objective can be measured by at least three different means in the absence of reliable national output data, as Verri indicates at various points in his treatise. These are the balance of trade, which he regarded as an imperfect measure; the level of the rate of interest, which he saw as a better measure, and population size and characteristics, which he saw as the best measure because it could be most accurately measured.

Verri's economic theory concentrates on three subjects: 1. prices; 2. aggregate equilibrium; 3. distribution.

### Theory of prices

According to Verri, the price of a commodity is directly related to "need" and inversely to plenty. By "need", Verri does not mean any indeterminate desire, but the effective demand of goods, i.e. the level of demand at which the expected utility of any good is higher than the cost individual are ready to pay in order to acquire it . Verri stresses consumer sovereignty, by arguing that demand regulates supply and not the contrary. As to plenty, it basically depends on the market form: it is larger when the market approximates to perfect competition.

### An equilibrium between production and consumption

The problem of equilibrium between production ("reproduction" in Verri's terms) and consumption is analyzed examining two opposed cases of disequilibrium. Verri's contribution is strictly connected here to the basic theoretical assumptions of his theory of action. It is also very original in its issues.

The first case takes place when national consumption is greater than production and the balance of commerce is unfavorable. Unlike Hume, Verri pays no attention to deflux of money and to the ensuing deflation. His interest is devoted to real re-equilibrating mechanisms. There are two possible solutions to disequilibrium: the first one is negative and consists of factor mobility (emigration of a part of the laboring force). When the other solution prevails, new productive branches are created in the country: these new industries compete in quality and price with those located abroad, toward which the demand for imported goods was addressed. This process of import substitution re-equilibrates the balance of commerce. Welfare grows in the country with the increasing size of the internal market. The role of ideas is central to this picture: a class of individuals understands the existence of national demand for certain goods and produces it at better conditions than foreign competitors.

In the second case, consumption is smaller than production, and the balance of commerce is favorable. As a matter of fact, Verri engages himself in demonstrating that a favorable balance of commerce is possible at certain conditions, that inflation is not a necessary outcome of it, and finally that a growth of the real side of the economy is consistent with it. Inflation takes place only if the extra monetary demand clashes with rigidities on the supply side (in this case, money "stops" in the hands of an unmodified number of sellers). However, this case is not very likely in a "polite" nation. Verri describes here a sort of Hume-Cantillon transmission mechanism without inflation. Additional money, passing from hand to hand, incites industry and puts unemployed factors at work. The Verrian self-sustained mechanism of growth based on increasing income, new needs, and new productions, is the result of this first impulse. Here too, the entrepreneurial spirit plays an essential part.

### Distribution

Like the other parts of his economic contribution, Verri's theory of distribution also springs from the theory of needs and desires. As many of the economists of his time, Verri has a preference for a society in which the weight of the middle class is large. The members of this class, urged by their needs, are stimulated to work hard in order to better their condition. Inequality of fortunes, as far as it is moderate and gradual, is an additional stimulus, giving to everyone a hope to ascend in the social scale. On the contrary, when inequality is too high, society is condemned to poverty and to a stationary state. Rich landlords take no care of their goods, having no anxiety for future welfare. Moreover, the poor are too poor to be influenced by superior need and to hope to better theircondition. As in the savage state, the poor have primary needs, but imagination and desire play no role in their life. Absolute equality of properties is not a better solution. The only effect of the Roman agrarian laws and of similar institutions are that of destroying desire and hindering development.

## Philosophical work

As early as 1763, Verri wrote his early study Meditiazioni sulla felicita, a philosophical pamphlet. Verri spells out the foundational pieces of his approach to civil life. Afterward, as resistance against his reforming work in administration stiffened, Verri devoted himself increasingly to philosophy. In 1773 he wrote *Dell'indole del piacere e del dolore* ("Discourse on Pleasure and Pain"), followed in 1777 by *Osservazioni sulla tortura* ("Observations on Torture"), in which he stressed the uselessness and cruelty of torture.

He argues that the excess of desires over and above possibilities or "power" is a measure of unhappiness. The search for happiness in the form of the removal of unhappiness is a core issue in Pietro Verri's political philosophy. He appears from the start as one of the leading representatives eighteenth-century eudomistic views. Happiness, Verri argues, can be pursued in two ways. Happiness, in fact, consists in the reduction of the difference between the two elements of desires and power: that reduction can be achieved by acting upon either one or the other of the two elements. It can be said therefore that the object of happiness being reduced to a difference, it can be conquered either by "addition"(of power) or by "subtraction" (of desires). Verri declares addition to be superior. An addition in the form of the enlargement of power provides the main route to happiness as compared with a check on desires. Verri, however, lays a special emphasis upon creativity rather than mere enjoyment of what is already in our possession as a condition for happiness.

His two most important productions (*Discourse on the Nature of Pleasure and Pain, 1773*; *Meditations on Happiness, 1781*) contain new and ingenious ideas on the function of pain and the law of contrasts, which were afterward adopted by Kant, Schopenhauer, and Wundt and discussed by Dumont, Bouillier, and Regalia.

## Influence

A comprehensive reading of Verri's economic and philosophical writings suggests a new perspective in the analysis of the interplay between moral sense theory, legislation and the competitive framework of a market economy which is not irrelevant to the understanding of the same relationship in other eighteenth-century writers, including Adam Smith. For Verri's Meditazioni are explicitly rooted in a 'historical' investigation of moral sentiments, and of the way in which these may influence the pursuit of private or public interest, and the characteristics of legislation.

Verri's influence can be seen first, his friend and colleague from the Il Caffè, in Beccaria's known work in on Crimes and Punishments. Beccaria had been largely inspired by Verri himself and defended by him. It is proposed in the present paper to revisit some of the basic tenets of Pietro Verri's political economy, with more in view than dwell on specific intuitions and theorems: namely, relate those to Verri's own quite original conception of the economy. The 18th-century philosopher Condillac apparently shared Verri's ideas on land reform. In the 19th century, Jean-Baptiste Say showed a favorable attitude towards Verri's treatment of productive and unproductive labor.

Verri's books also reached to Voltaire and De Felice reports Voltaire's description of Verri's Meditazioni as ‘the truest, wisest and clearest’ book he had ever read on the subject of political economy, but no letter from Voltaire to Verri or any other similar reference to Verri's work can be found in the standard collected edition of Voltaire's works. However, Caspari mentions Voltaire's thanks to Verri for sending him a copy of the Meditazioni, dating it precisely at 19 March 1772 on the authority of Mauri.

Adam Smith's personal library included two copies (1771 and 1772) of Verri's *Political Economy*. Smith's reading Italian ability is well documented. The themes of a probable influence of Verri on Smith (the analysis is based on a comparison of Verri's Economia Politica with Smith's Wealth of Nations can be summarized as follows:

* A strong emphasis on the balance of consumption and production, which finds an echo in Smith's text.
* A political economy of effective supply – that is, of cheapness-and abundance – based on a theory of price and on a criticism of the idea of money neutrality.
* A notion of a spontaneous order – that is, order as the result of human action but not of human design – which Verri discovers from an analysis

of the perverse effects of the corn trade prohibitions.

* The canons for an effective tax system.

In spite of favorable references to Verri by such authorities as McCulloch and Ingram, Verri's fortune as an economist was inferior to his merits.

## Later life and works

In 1777, he began the *Storia di Milano* ("History of Milan", two volumes, 1783 and 1798), a notable example of Enlightenment historiography. The ecclesiastical reforms of Joseph II of Austria inspired him the *Dialogo fra Pio VI e Giuseppe II a Vienna* ("Dialogue between Pius VI and Joseph II in Vienna", 1782), followed by La Decadenza del Papa ("The Pope's Decay"), marked by his disappointment for the lack of influence of Enlightenment's ideas on the Papacy. Joseph II's increasing despotism led Verri to abandon any position in the Austrian administration of Lombardy in 1786; ten years later, after the French invasion, he returned as a member of the Milanese municipality and was one of the founders of the Cisalpine Republic. Though disapproving the Jacobin excesses, Verri, however, welcomed the possibility of moral and economic improvement in the aftermath of the French Revolution, which he considered influenced in turn by the Enlightenment movement. In 1786, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

On the night of 28 June 1797, during a meeting in the hall of the Municipality, he died of a sudden apoplectic attack, at sixty-eight. He is buried in the chapel of the Sanctuary of the Blessed Virgin of Lazzaretto di Ornago, next to his first wife.

Verri's death bicentenary was commemorated on an Italian postage stamp in 1997.

## Bibliography

* La Borlanda impasticciata con la concia, e trappola de sorci composta per estro, e dedicata per bizzaria alla nobile curiosita di teste salate dall'incognito d'Eritrea Pedsol riconosciuto, Festosamente raccolta, e fatta dare in luce dall'abitatore disabitato accademico bontempista, Adorna di varj poetici encomj, ed accresciuta di opportune annotazioni per opera di varj suoi coaccademici amici (1751)
* Il Gran Zoroastro ossia Astrologiche Predizioni per l'Anno 1758 (1758)
* Il Mal di Milza (1764)
* Diario militar (1759)
* Elementi del commercio (1760)
* Sul tributo del sale nello Stato di Milano (1761)
* Sulla grandezza e decadenza del commercio di Milano (1763)
* Dialogo tra Fronimo e Simplicio (detto anche Dialogo sul disordine delle monete nello Stato di Milano nel 1762) (1762)
* Considerazioni sul commercio nello Stato di Milano (June 1763)
* Orazione panegirica sula giurisprudenza milanese (1763)
* Meditazioni sulla felicità (1763)
* Bilancio del commercio dello stato di Milano (1758, poi 1762)
* Il Caffè (1764–1766)
* Sull'innesto del vajuolo (1766)
* Memorie storiche sulla economia pubblica dello Stato di Milano (written in 1768, published in 1804)
* Riflessioni sulle leggi vincolanti il commercio dei grani (written 1769, published in 1797)
* Meditazioni sulla economia politica con annotazioni (1771)
* Consulta su la riforma delle monete dello Stato di Milano (20 April 1772)
* Osservazioni sulla tortura (written in 1776, published in 1804)
* Ricordi a mia figlia (1777)
* Considerazioni sul commercio nello Stato di Milano
* Sull'indole del piacere e del dolore (1773–1781)
* Manoscritto da leggersi dalla mia cara figlia Teresa Verri per cui sola lo scrissi ne’ mesi di Settembre e Ottobre 1781 (1781)
* Storia di Milano (1783)
* Piano di organizzazione del Consiglio governativo ed istruzioni per il medesimo (1786)
* Precetti di Caligola e Claudio (1786–1788)
* Memoria cronologica dei cambiamenti pubblici dello Stato di Milano 1750–1791 (1791)
* Delle nozioni tendenti alla pubblica felicità (1791–1792)
* Pensieri di un buon vecchio che non è letterato (1796)
* Carteggio di Pietro e di Alessandro Verri (prima pubblicazione 1910)
* Sulla tortura e singolarmente sugli effetti che produsse all'occasione delle unzioni malefiche, alle quali si attribui la pestilenza che devastò Milano 'l'anno 1630. Volume 1, Editor Giovanni Silvestri, Milan (1843). (in conjunction with publication of *Storia della Colonna Infame* by Alessandro Manzoni.)

## Sources

* Wolfgang Rother, *Pietro Verri*, in Johannes Rohbeck, Wolfgang Rother (eds.): *Grundriss der Geschichte der Philosophie, Die Philosophie des 18. Jahrhunderts*, vol. 3: *Italien*. Schwabe, Basel 2011, pp. 273–95 (Bibliography: pp. 345–47).
* Capra Carlo, *I progressi della ragione. Vita di Pietro Verri*, Il Mulino, Collezione di testi e di studi, 2002, 648 p.
* C. Capra (a cura di), *Pietro Verri e il suo tempo* (Verri, La Milano dei Lumi), Bologna, Cisalpino, 1999, 1200 pages. 2 vol.
* Baia Curionis, S., *Una grande famiglia: i Verri in Franco Della Peruta (a cura di), Storia illustrata di Milano*, Elio Sellino Editore, Milano, 1993.
* Bouvy, Eugène, *Le Comte Pietro Verri: 1728–1797: ses idées et son temps*, \[S.l.n.n.\], 1889.

## InfoBox

| Pietro Verri | |
| --- | --- |
| Verri c. 1740 | |
| Born | (1728-12-12)12 December 1728
Milan, Duchy of Milan |
| Died | 28 June 1797(1797-06-28) (aged 68)
Milan, Transpadane Republic |
| Nationality | Italian |
| Spouse(s) | Marietta Castiglioni, Vincenza Melzi d'Eril |
| Children | Teresa, Alessandro (from Marietta Castiglioni) |
| Parent(s) | Gabriele Verri, Barbara |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Influences |  |
| Academic work | |
| Era | 18th century |
| Discipline | Political economy |
| School or tradition | Classical liberalism
Italian enlightenment |
| Notable works | *Meditazioni sull'economia politica* ("Reflection's on Political Economy", 1771) |
|  | |


title: Rastrabadi Yuba Morcha

abstract: Rashtrabadi Yuba Morcha is a political party in Nepal. The party is registered with the Election Commission of Nepal ahead of the 2008 Constituent Assembly election.

text:
# Rastrabadi Yuba Morcha

**Rashtrabadi Yuba Morcha** is a political party in Nepal. The party is registered with the Election Commission of Nepal ahead of the 2008 Constituent Assembly election.

political party
Nepal
Election Commission of Nepal

## InfoBox

| Rashtrabadi Yuba Morcha राष्ट्रवादी युवा मोर्चा | |
| --- | --- |
| President | Shyam Kumar Thapa |
| Election symbol | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: William R. Jordan III

abstract: Bill Jordan, more formally William R. Jordan III, is an American botanist and journalist who has played a leading role in the development and critique of ecological restoration as a means of developing an environmentalism that is philosophically more coherent, psychologically more productive, politically more robust, and ecologically more effective. His critique has had a significant influence on environmentalism in the United States and abroad. Jordan worked for 24 years at the University of Wisconsin's Arboretum in Madison. This was the site of early attempts to recreate historic ecological communities, such as tallgrass prairies and maple forests, an effort led by the famed conservationist Aldo Leopold. In 1981 Jordan founded and served as editor of the journal Restoration & Management Notes, and he was a founding member of the Society of Ecological Restoration. He has been called the first person to write consistently about the interplay between humans and nature within the context of ecological restoration, the most influential writer on restoration, and a world leader in the field.

text:
# William R. Jordan III

**Bill Jordan** (born 1944), more formally **William R. Jordan III**, is an American botanist and journalist who has played a leading role in the development and critique of ecological restoration as a means of developing an environmentalism that is philosophically more coherent, psychologically more productive, politically more robust, and ecologically more effective. His critique has had a significant influence on environmentalism in the United States and abroad.

Jordan worked for 24 years at the University of Wisconsin's Arboretum in Madison. This was the site of early attempts to recreate historic ecological communities, such as tallgrass prairies and maple forests, an effort led by the famed conservationist Aldo Leopold. In 1981 Jordan founded and served as editor of the journal *Restoration & Management Notes* (now *Ecological Restoration*), and he was a founding member of the Society of Ecological Restoration.

He has been called the first person to write consistently about the interplay between humans and nature within the context of ecological restoration, the most influential writer on restoration, and a world leader in the field.

## Early life and education

Jordan was born in Denver. His mother was an English teacher and his father a forester who advised clients on land-management projects, including various forms of environmental rehabilitation.

He earned a B.S. in biology from Marquette University in 1966, a PhD in botany from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1971, and an MA in journalism in 1975, also from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

He lives in Madison, Wisconsin.

## Career

In 1981, working at the University of Wisconsin arboretum, Jordan founded and edited the journal *Restoration & Management Notes* (now *Ecological Restoration*), recognized as the first journal to deal exclusively with the subject of restoration ecology.

In 1984 he organized a symposium to undertake the first systematic exploration of the value of restoration as a technique for basic ecological research. He was senior editor of the resulting book, *Restoration Ecology: A Synthetic Approach to Ecological Research*.

He was a founding member of the Society of Ecological Restoration (1989) and served as SER’s supervisor of administration for its first five years (1989-1993).

Since 2001 Jordan has been director of the New Academy for Nature and Culture and editor of its online journal *Environmental Prospect.*

## Philosophy

Jordan’s critique of environmental thinking stems from his reflections on the pioneering ecological restoration project initiated by Aldo Leopold and a handful of colleagues at the UW-Madison Arboretum in the mid-1930s, and on Leopold’s reflections on land management in "The Land Ethic," the concluding essay in his book *A Sand County Almanac*. Jordan saw this project, with its commitment to restoration of historic ecosystems, as an early contribution to the development of a form of land management that offers a way for people to achieve what Leopold had called "membership in the land community."

However, drawing on the work of literary critic and poet Frederick Turner, Jordan developed a critical perspective on Leopold's idea of community, which Jordan feels is limited by its exclusion of negative emotions, specifically shame.

Jordan defines shame, which he distinguishes from guilt, as the emotional response to the self’s awareness of its dependence on others, including animals and plants—in having, for example, to kill and eat them to survive. This shame, he argues, is “not the response of conscience to what we do, but of consciousness of what we are."

Our shameful feelings, as Jordan understands them, are not a condemnation of human existence but rather the raw material for the creation of the values that make human life worthwhile. Frederick Turner argues that ritual and the fine arts (which Jordan terms the “technologies of the imagination”) provide the tools humans need to deal productively with this aspect of experience.

In Jordan's recasting, ritual and the arts offer a way to foster values such as community and beauty that Leopold made the foundation of his land ethic. Jordan argues that they have played this role throughout human history, sometimes citing the anthropologist E.N. Anderson, who wrote that "All traditional societies that have succeeded in managing resources well over time, have done it in part through religious or ritual representation of resource management."

Jordan argues that the lack of such shared rituals, typical of modern societies, is the crucial factor limiting progress toward realization of a sound ethic of relationship between humans and the rest of nature.

Considering ecological restoration from this perspective, Jordan proposes its development as a modern version of the "world renewal" rituals characteristic of many traditional societies. Acknowledging the difficulty, uncertainty, and ultimately even the impossibility of restoration, he sees these qualities as essential to the value of restoration as an encounter with human limitations, and so with shame and the experience of transcendent values.

Examples of restoration, not yet fully ritualized, but clearly being developed as spectacle or performing art include: the conversion of tree girdling to a work of art by Wisconsin artist Barbara Westfall; nighttime prairie burns to which the public are invited in northern Illinois; and classes in reflective restoration offered at Eckerd College in Florida.

## Bibliography

**Books**

* *Restoration Ecology: A Synthetic Approach to Ecological Research* (1987) ISBN 9780521337281
* *The Sunflower Forest: Ecological Restoration and the New Communion with Nature*. (2003) ISBN 978-0520233201
* *Making Nature Whole: A History of Ecological Restoration* (2011), with George M. Lubick ISBN 978-1597265133

**Essays**

* “Beyond preservation,” pp. 6–11, *Orion*, Autumn, 1983
* “Restoration ecology: An environmental middle ground,” (with John D. Aber) p. 399, *BioScience*, 35(7), July/August, 1985
* “Restoration and the reentry of nature,” pp. 14–25, Orion, Spring, 1986
* “On ecological restoration,” *North American Review*, June, 1988
* “Restoration ecology: A synthetic approach to ecological research, IN *Rehabilitating Damaged Ecosystems*, Vol 1, (CRC Press, 1988)
* “Ecological restoration: Reflections on a half-century of experience at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Arboretum,” IN *Biodiversity*, E.O. Wilson et al., editors, (Washington, D.C., National Academy Press, 1988)
* “Restoration: Shaping the land, transforming the human spirit,” pp. 22–23, *Whole Earth Review*, Spring, 1990
* “Rituals of restoration,” pp 23–26 IN *The Humanist*, November/December, 1993
* “Renewal and imagination: Thoreau’s thought and the restoration of Walden Pond,” pp. 260–71 IN *Thoreau’s World and Ours*, Edmund A. Schofield and Robert C. Baron, editors, (Golden, CO: North American Press, 1993)
* “Restoration as a technique for identifying and characterizing human influences on ecosystems", pp 271–279 IN *Humans as Components of Ecosystems* (Mark J. McDonnell and Steward T.A. Pickett, editors, (New York: Springer Verlag, 1993)
* “Restoration, community and wilderness,” in *Restoring Nature: Perspectives from the Social Sciences and Humanities*, Paul Gobster and R. Bruce Hull, editors, (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 2000)
* "Ecological restoration and the uncomfortable, beautiful middle ground". With Alex Turner. IN *Healing Natures: Repairing Relationships*, Robert L. France, editor (Sheffield, VT: Green Frigate Books, 2008)
* "Foundations of conduct: A theory of values and its implications for environmentalism". With Nathaniel F. Barrett, Kip Curtis, Liam Heneghan, Randall Honold, Todd LeVasseur, Anna Peterson, Leslie Paul Thiel, and Gretl Van Wieren, IN *Environmental Ethics* Sep, 2012.
*
* Nathaniel Barrett and William R. Jordan III. "Notes on the new ecology and the creation of value". pp. 333–344 IN *The Routledge Companion to Religion and Science* (Routledge: London & New York, 2012)
* "Therefore the Winds: Some thoughts on the “Roots” ", pp. 178–196 IN *Religion and Ecological Crisis: The “Lynn White Thesis at Fifty”.* edited by Todd Levasseur and Anna Peterson, New York: Routledge, 2017, pp. 178–196).

## InfoBox

| William R. Jordan | |
| --- | --- |
| Photo by Barbara Jordan | |
| Born | William R. Jordan III
1944
Denver |
| Education | University of Wisconsin-Madison, Marquette University |
| Occupation | Journalist |
| Known for | Environmental thinker |
| Board member of | Society of Ecological Restoration |


# Water polo at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Men's team squads

The following is the list of squads that took part in the men's water polo tournament at the 1972 Summer Olympics.

## Australia

The following players represented Australia:

## Bulgaria

The following players represented Bulgaria:

## Canada

The following players represented Canada:

## Cuba

The following players represented Cuba:

## Greece

The following players represented Greece:

## Hungary

The following players represented Hungary:

## Italy

The following players represented Italy:

## Japan

The following players represented Japan:

## Mexico

The following players represented Mexico:

## Netherlands

The following players represented the Netherlands:

## Romania

The following players represented Romania:

## Soviet Union

The following players represented the Soviet Union:

## Spain

The following players represented Spain:

## United States

The following players represented the United States:

## West Germany

The following players represented West Germany:

## Yugoslavia

The following players represented Yugoslavia:


title: Ornativalva pulchella

abstract: Ornativalva pulchella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Sattler in 1976. It is found in Mongolia. The host plant is unknown, but might be a Tamarix species.

text:
# Ornativalva pulchella

***Ornativalva pulchella*** is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Sattler in 1976. It is found in Mongolia.

The host plant is unknown, but might be a *Tamarix* species.

## InfoBox

| *Ornativalva pulchella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Genus: | *Ornativalva* |
| Species: | ***O. pulchella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ornativalva pulchella***<br>Sattler, 1976 | |
|


title: Gladenbach

abstract: Gladenbach [German pronunciation: ] is a town in Hesse, Germany, in the west of Marburg-Biedenkopf district.

text:
# Gladenbach

**Gladenbach** \[German pronunciation: \[ˈɡlaːdn̩ˌbax\] \] is a town in Hesse, Germany, in the west of Marburg-Biedenkopf district.

## Geography

### Location

The town of Gladenbach lies on the eastern edge of the Westerwald in the Hessian Highland (*Bergland*). This part of the Lahn-Dill Highland is often also called the Gladenbach Uplands. This has arisen from the great degree of correspondence between today's municipal area and the area covered by the historical *Amt* of Blankenstein, the eastsoutheastern part of the so-called Hessian Hinterland and the later, albeit now former, Biedenkopf district.

Within the bounds of the community's southern centres of Weidenhausen, Erdhausen, Gladenbach and Mornshausen runs the river Salzböde, which rises in Bad Endbach and flows through the municipal area, then running farther eastwards through the communities of Lohra, Fronhausen and Lollar, where it empties into the Lahn at Odenhausen. Farther north in Gladenbach, mostly west–east through the centres of Runzhausen, Bellnhausen, Sinkershausen, Frohnhausen and Friebertshausen runs another river, the Allna, which flows onwards to Weimar, likewise emptying into the Lahn. The two waterways are separated from each other by high ridges which even make for a local drainage divide where smaller streams are concerned. Nonetheless, the town of Gladenbach as a whole is commonly said to lie in the Salzböde valley.

An important east–west traffic thoroughfare in Gladenbach is the Federal Highway (*Bundesstraße*) 255 crossing the municipal area from Marburg through the constituent communities of Weimar and Lohra, leaving the municipal area at Weidenhausen in the area of the *Zollbuche* ("Customs Beech" – it once marked the border between Hesse-Darmstadt and Hesse-Nassau) southwestwards towards the community of Bischoffen in Lahn-Dill district. The highway runs thence alongside the Aartalsee (a reservoir) on to Herborn, ending at Montabaur. Bundesstraße 453 ends within the town of Gladenbach after running through the community of Dautphetal to the north and Gladenbach's constituent community of Runzhausen.

The *Aar-Salzböde-Bahn*, a single-track railway line that ran through the municipal area along the Salzböde valley, has been in desuetude since 1995, and owing to a level crossing being torn up at Weidenhausen, meagre maintenance and the resulting overgrowth by bushes and trees, the line has also largely fallen apart.

### Neighbouring communities

In the north, Gladenbach borders on the community of Dautphetal, in the northeast on the town of Marburg, in the east on the community of Weimar, in the southeast on the community of Lohra (all in Marburg-Biedenkopf), in the southwest on the community of Bischoffen (Lahn-Dill-Kreis), and in the west on the community of Bad Endbach (Marburg-Biedenkopf).

### Town divisions

Gladenbach's municipal area is divided into 15 constituent communities (*Stadtteile*).

## History

### Amalgamations

* 1972 Runzhausen
* 1974 through municipal reform:
    + from the former Biedenkopf district:
        - Bellnhausen
        - Diedenshausen
        - Erdhausen
        - Friebertshausen
        - Frohnhausen
        - Kehlnbach
        - Mornshausen
        - Rachelshausen
        - Römershausen
        - Rüchenbach
        - Sinkershausen
        - Weidenhausen
    + from the former Marburg a.d.Lahn district:
        - Weitershausen

### The postal robbery in the Subach

Within Gladenbach's current municipal area, between Mornshausen and Erdhausen, the so-called *Postraub in der Subach* took place in 1822. A gang of poor farmers and poachers robbed a money-bearing mail coach running between Gladenbach and Gießen in a narrow pass above a small brook called the Subach, making off with the then unheard-of sum of more than 10,000 Gulden. These details and others are contained in a contemporary police report, which also laid the groundwork for the German made-for-TV film *The Sudden Wealth of the Poor People of Kombach* (1971) by Volker Schlöndorff.

## Politics

### Town council

As of municipal elections held on 6 March 2016, town council seats are apportioned thus:

| CDU | 12 seats |
| --- | --- |
| SPD | 13 seats |
| FW (Free voters) | 9 seats |
| Young List/The Greens | 3 seats |

### Coat of arms

The town's coat of arms might be described thus: Party per fess, above in azure the Hessian lion rampant striped in argent and gules armed Or crowned Or langued gules, below in vert a saltire Or.

The lion is an emblem of the town's early affiliation with Hesse, and the saltire (X-shaped cross) stands for the influence wielded before this time by the Lords of Merenberg.

### Town partnerships

### Demonstrations

In 2004, there were four marches, declared legal but guarded by great police presence, by neo-Nazis from outside the town, which set off even bigger counterdemonstrations. In the end, the citizens' league, a group created at the instigation of headmaster Siegfried Seyler uniting churches, Jusos, DGBers and ordinary citizens, made an appeal. The centres for this rightwing extremism were Gladenbach, Kirtorf (Vogelsberg) and Marburg. The biggest rightwing extremist group with about 30 rightwing extremists and a large body of sympathizers was the *Aktionsbündnis Mittelhessen* (Middle Hesse Action League; ABM), a fusion of regional "free comradeships". Late in 2004, the ABM dissolved itself unilaterally to get around a ban imposed by the Hessian Interior Ministry. The activists resumed their activities in other neo-Nazi groups. The ABM was the most active and biggest neo-Nazi group in Hesse.

## Culture and sightseeing

### Regular events

* Gladenbacher Kirschenmarkt (Cherry Market) (first weekend in July)
* Gladenbacher Brunnenmarkt (Wellmarket) (third Sunday in October)

## Notable residents

### Sons and daughters of the town

### Other people connected with the town

## InfoBox

| Gladenbach | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Gladenbach from Koppe-Tower | |
|  | |
| Location of Gladenbach within Marburg-Biedenkopf district | |
| Gladenbach Gladenbach | |
| Coordinates: 50°46′5″N 8°34′58″E / 50.76806°N 8.58278°E / 50.76806; 8.58278 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Hesse |
| Admin. region | Gießen |
| District | Marburg-Biedenkopf |
| Subdivisions | 15 Stadtteile |
| Government | |
| Mayor (202026) | Peter Kremer (Ind.) |
| Area | |
| Total | 72.28 km2 (27.91 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 262 m (860 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 12,513 |
| Density | 170/km2 (450/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 35075 |
| Dialling codes | 06462 |
| Vehicle registration | MR |
| Website | www.gladenbach.de |


title: Jack Faber

abstract: John Edgar Faber Jr. was an American microbiologist and college football and lacrosse coach at the University of Maryland. Faber served as the Maryland lacrosse coach from 1928 to 1963, during which time he compiled a 249–57 record and secured numerous national and conference championships. Faber was inducted into the National Lacrosse Hall of Fame in 1963. He coached the Maryland football team in 1935 and again, as a co-head coach alongside Al Heagy and Al Woods, from 1940 to 1941. He compiled a 12–13–4 record in football.

text:
# Jack Faber

**John Edgar Faber Jr.** (January 13, 1903 – January 14, 1994) was an American microbiologist and college football and lacrosse coach at the University of Maryland. Faber served as the Maryland lacrosse coach from 1928 to 1963, during which time he compiled a 249–57 record and secured numerous national and conference championships. Faber was inducted into the National Lacrosse Hall of Fame in 1963. He coached the Maryland football team in 1935 and again, as a co-head coach alongside Al Heagy and Al Woods, from 1940 to 1941. He compiled a 12–13–4 record in football.

## Early life

Faber was born in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania on January 13, 1903, and attended Central High School in Washington, D.C. He then went on to college at the University of Maryland, where he played on the Maryland lacrosse team, earning letters in 1926 and 1927, and the basketball team, earning letters from 1924 to 1927. The United States Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association (USILA) named Faber an honorable mention All-American as an inside attackman in 1926 and a third-team All-American at the out home position in 1927.

## Professional career

From the University of Maryland, Faber earned a B.S. in 1926, a M.S. in 1928, and a Ph.D. in bacteriology in 1937. In 1945, he was appointed the head of his alma mater's Department of Microbiology, a position he held for 18 years. During World War II, Faber joined the United States Army and served from 1942 to 1946, attaining the rank of major. He spent three years working at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, D.C.

While teaching bacteriology at Maryland, Faber also held coaching duties. He served as the head coach for the Maryland lacrosse team from 1928 to 1963. During his tenure, Faber's lacrosse teams compiled a 249–57 record and secured eight outright or shared USILA national championships and nine Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) championships. From 1930 onward, Faber shared coaching duties with Albert Heagy, with the former running the offense and the latter the defense. In 1936, Faber led Maryland to capture the first Wingate Memorial Trophy, the national championship bestowed by the USILA. The following year, they shared the title with Princeton. In the inaugural North-South Senior All-Star Game in 1940, Faber coached the South team, which lost to the North team coached by Princeton's William F. Logan, 6–5. He also coached all-star teams in 1946 and 1956. In 1955 and 1956, Faber led Maryland to back-to-back 11–0 seasons, with the only close matches coming against period powerhouse Navy, in 1955, and the highly successful Mount Washington Lacrosse Club, 12–11 in 1956. In 1959, Maryland finished with a 10–1 mark as USILA co-champions alongside Army and Johns Hopkins, and Faber was named the USILA Coach of the Year.

Faber also served on the football staff. He became the assistant field coach under Curly Byrd in 1933. Byrd was able to devote less time to the team because of his duties as university vice president. In 1930, Faber enticed Bosey Berger, Maryland's first basketball All-American, to join the football team with the promise of free late night dining hall meals. In 1935, Faber took over as head coach when Byrd was promoted to university president. Faber continued to employ his predecessor's pass-oriented "Byrd system" and hired Richmond head coach Frank Dobson as an assistant. Despite facing "an almost suicidal schedule", Faber's veteran team led by back Bill Guckeyson compiled a 7–2–2 record to finish in third place in the Southern Conference. Faber was succeeded as head football coach by Dobson in 1936, but in turn, replaced him as a co-head coach alongside Al Heagy and Al Woods in 1940 and 1941. Those teams finished with 2–6–1 and 3–5–1 records, respectively, to bring Faber's combined football coaching record to 12–13–4. The coaching trio was subsequently replaced by Clark Shaughnessy, who two seasons prior had orchestrated a remarkable one-year turnaround at Stanford using a revolutionary version of the T formation. Faber also spent time as an assistant basketball coach at Maryland, and in 1932, filled in for head coach Burton Shipley who had fallen ill. Faber served two terms as a president of the ACC.

## Later life

He retired from the University of Maryland in 1963 but continued teaching Epidemiology into the 1970s. Faber was inducted into the National Lacrosse Hall of Fame that year and into the University of Maryland Athletic Hall of Fame in 1983. He survived his wife of 62 years, Olyure née Hammack, who died in 1992. Faber died of pneumonia two years later on January 14, 1994, and was interred at Arlington National Cemetery. The University of Maryland Alumni Association Hall of Fame posthumously inducted Faber in 2000. In 2003, Maryland established the Faber Memorial Men's Lacrosse Scholarship Endowment Fund through the Maryland Educational Foundation, Inc. to award scholarships to men's lacrosse players.

## Head coaching record

### Football

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Maryland Terrapins** *(Southern Conference)* (1935) | | | | | | | | |
| 1935 | Maryland | 7–2–2 | 3–1–1 | 3rd |  |
| **Maryland Terrapins** *(Southern Conference)* (1940–1941) | | | | | | | | |
| 1940 | Maryland | 2–6–1 | 0–1–1 | 12th |  |
| 1941 | Maryland | 3–5–1 | 1–2 | T–11th |  |
| **Maryland:** | | 12–13–4 | 4–4–2 |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 12–13–4 |  | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

Jack Faber
| Faber at Maryland in 1928 | |
| --- | --- |
| Biographical details | |
| Born | (1903-01-13)January 13, 1903
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | January 14, 1994(1994-01-14) (aged 91)
Silver Spring, Maryland, U.S. |
| Playing career | |
| Lacrosse | |
| 1926–1927 | Maryland |
|  | |
| Position(s) | Attackman, Out Home |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| Lacrosse | |
| 1928–1929 | Maryland |
| 1930–1963 | Maryland (co-HC) |
| Football | |
| 1933–1934 | Maryland (assistant) |
| 1935 | Maryland |
| 1940–1941 | Maryland |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 249–57 (lacrosse)
12–13–4 (football) |
| Accomplishments and honors | |
| Championships | |
| Lacrosse
8 USILA (1928, 1936, 1937, 1939, 1940, 1955, 1956, 1959)
9 ACC (1955–1961, 1963, 1965) | |
| Awards | |
| USILA Coach of the Year (1959) | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Pierre Zaccone

abstract: Pierre Zaccone was a popular 19th-century French novelist. He owned a castle which is now named after him in Locquirec, a small Breton seaside resort located on the border of Finistère and Cotes d'Armor. He wrote serialized novels, including several detective novels. He authored some dramas in collaboration, including Le cousin Verdure, comédie-vaudeville in 1 act by Saint-Yves in 1855 and one after his novel, Les Nuits du boulevard, in 1880. After 1870, much of his work was published by Édouard Dentu.

text:
# Pierre Zaccone

**Pierre Zaccone** (2 April 1817 – 12 April 1895) was a popular 19th-century French novelist.

He owned a castle which is now named after him in Locquirec, a small Breton seaside resort located on the border of Finistère and Cotes d'Armor.

He wrote serialized novels, including several detective novels. He authored some dramas in collaboration, including *Le cousin Verdure*, comédie-vaudeville in 1 act by Saint-Yves in 1855 and one after his novel, *Les Nuits du boulevard*, in 1880. After 1870, much of his work was published by Édouard Dentu.

## Works

* *Époque historique de la Bretagne* (1845)
* *Sous le masque* (1845)
* *Histoire des sociétés secrètes, politiques et religieuses* (1847)
* *Les Ouvriers de Paris et les ouvriers de Londres*, with Paul Féval (2 volumes, 1850)
* *Marguerite et Béatrix* (1851), in collaboration with Émile Souvestre
* *Le Dernier Rendez-vous* (1851)
* *Les Travailleurs au Moyen Âge* (1851)
* *Éric le Mendiant* (1853)
* *Le Clan breton* (1853)
* *Le Roi de la Bazoche* (2 volumes, 1853)
* *Le Drame des catacombes* (1854)
* *Le Vieux Paris* (Adolphe Delahays, 1855)
* *Les Ouvriers de l'avenir* (1856)
* *Le Fils du ciel, roman chinois* (1857)
* *L'Orphelin du temple* (1859)
* *Les Zouaves* (1859)
* *Les Mystères de la Chine* (1860)
* *La Bohémienne* (1860)
* *Le Vannier de Taulé* (1860)
* *Une banqueroute frauduleuse* (1861)
* *Les illuminés" (1862)*
* *Les Mystères de Bicêtre* (1864)
* *Une haine au bagne* (Victor Bunel éditeur, 1863)
* *Les Plaisirs du Roi* (1866)
* *Un condamné à mort* (1866)
* *Un fils de forçat* (1866)
* *Jean Longues Jambes* (1868).
* *La Poste Anecdotique et Pittoresque* (Librairie Achille Faure, Paris, 1869)
* *Histoire des drames de police* (1869)
* *Les Drames de l'Internationale* (2 volumes - Dentu, 1872)
* *Un drame sur les pontons* (J. Brouillet, 1872)
* *La Lanterne rouge* (1872)
* *La Cellule n°7 (Dentu, 1874)*
* *Les Misérables de Londres* (1874)
* *Les Gueux* (1874)
* *Mémoires d'un commissaire de police* (Dentu, 1875)
* *Les Marchands d'or* (1876)
* *Histoire des bagnes* (1876)
* *L'Homme des foules* (Dentu, 1877)
* *Les Aventuriers de Paris* (Dentu, 1877)
* *La Dame d'Auteuil* (1878)
* *La Vie à outrance* (1878)
* *Le Courrier de Lyon* (1879)
* *Le Fer rouge* (Dentu - 1879)
* *Les Compagnons noirs* (1880)
* *La Vertu de Charbonnette* (1880)
* *Les Mansardes de Paris* (1880)
* *Les Nuits du boulevard* (1880)
* *Un duel à mort* (1880)
* *Histoire des conspirateurs anciens et modernes* (1881), in collaboration with Constant Guéroult
* *L'inconnu de Belleville* (Dentu 1881)
* *La Petite Bourgeoise* (Dentu 1881)
* *Maman Rocambole* (1881)
* Blanchette (Dentu 1882 )
* *La Recluse* (1882)
* *Les Drames de la bourse* (1882)
* *La Belle Diane* (Dentu 1883)
* *Poste restante* (Nouvelle dans ouvrage collectif *47 Chaussée d'Antin*, Dentu, 1886)
* *Les Deux Robinsons* (1887)
* *La Chambre rouge* (Plon 1887)
* *Les Dimanches de Risette* (Nouvelle dans ouvrage collectif *Pique-Nique*, Dentu, 1887)
* *La Fille des camelots* (Éditions Rouff 1888)
* *L'Enfant du pavé* (Dentu 1888)
* *La Duchesse d'Alvarès* (1889)
* *Les Deux bohêmes* (Nouvelle dans ouvrage collectif *Les Compagnons de la Plume*, Dentu, 1890)
* *Le Crime de la rue Monge* (Dentu 1890)
* *Seuls* (1891)
* *Les Nuits de Paris* (s. d.)

Media related to Pierre Zaccone at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Pierre Zaccone | |
| --- | --- |
| Pierre Zaccone by Félix Nadar | |
| Born | 2 April 1817
Douai |
| Died | 12 April 1895(1895-04-12) (aged 78)
Morlaix |
| Occupation | Novelist |


title: Rastra

abstract: Rastra is a registered tradename for a particular insulating concrete form (ICF) construction system, Rastra created the name Insulating COMPOUND Concrete Form (ICCF), used to make walls for buildings. It is one of the earliest such products, first patented in 1965 in Austria. Rastra is in production since 1972, and is composed of concrete and Thastyron. Thastyron is a mixture of plastic foam and cementitious binder that is composed of eighty-five percent recycled post consumer polystyrene waste that is molded into blocks and panels.

text:
# Rastra

**Rastra** is a registered tradename for a particular insulating concrete form (ICF) construction system, Rastra created the name Insulating COMPOUND Concrete Form (ICCF), used to make walls for buildings. It is one of the earliest such products, first patented in 1965 in Austria. Rastra is in production since 1972, and is composed of concrete and Thastyron. Thastyron is a mixture of plastic foam and cementitious binder that is composed of eighty-five percent recycled post consumer polystyrene waste that is molded into blocks and panels.

## Production

Rastra is sustainable in its production because no energy is used in the curing process, and only one to three kilowatt hour (kWh) are required to make each \>10sqft block. After the blocks are trimmed to exact size, the remaining debris is recycled to create new blocks. No byproducts are released in the production process that are considered a burden to the environment.

## Building

Rastra blocks come in different sizes, and can be easily cut with woodworking tools to form the desired shape. These blocks are commonly attached together with clamps or glue to form a grid-like system inside. Rebar is then run through the grid, which is then filled with concrete.

## History

Polystyrene concrete was invented in 1960. BASF, a German chemical conglomerate, originally created this product, but found no successful applications. An Austrian-Swiss-based company modified the product and created what is known as Rastra.

## Fire rating

As a thermal barrier, Rastra has a four-hour fire rating with no flame spread and no smoke development. A five-hour fire endurance test of a ten-inch-thick wall with temperatures exceeding two thousand degrees Fahrenheit on the face of the wall showed that the wall did not conduct heat. This lowers the risk of health hazards during a fire and also makes building repairs easier afterwards.

## Physical properties

Thastyron has a compressive strength of 56 pound-force per square inch (psi) and a tensile strength of 43 psi. Rastra has a low toxicity level. Rastra is highly frost, fungus, and mildew-resistant. The sound insulation is greater than 50 decibel(dB).

## Insulation

As a heat insulation, Rastra keeps a room at a constant temperature and evens out temperature changes, both of which can lower energy use. It also has a low heat penetration depth, meaning the wall surface keeps a constant temperature.


title: Morgan Belmont

abstract: Morgan Belmont was head of August Belmont & Co., the banking firm.

text:
# Morgan Belmont

**Morgan Belmont** (March 19, 1892 - September 17, 1953) was head of August Belmont & Co., the banking firm.

## Biography

He was born on March 19, 1892, in Hempstead, New York, to August Belmont Jr. and Bessie Hamilton Morgan. He attended Harvard University and graduated in 1914. He became a senior partner in the investment house of August Belmont & Co. He retired in 1925.

In 1915 he married Margaret Frances Andrews. Her daughter, Margaret Andrews Morgan Belmont, was born in August 1917. His wife, Margaret Frances Andrews, died on November 2, 1945.

He died on September 17, 1953, in East Hampton, New York.

## InfoBox

| Morgan Belmont | |
| --- | --- |
| Belmont in 1922 | |
| Born | (1892-03-19)March 19, 1892
Hempstead, New York |
| Died | September 17, 1953(1953-09-17) (aged 61)
East Hampton, New York |
| Parent(s) | August Belmont Jr.
Bessie Hamilton Morgan |


title: Rathore (Rajput clan)

abstract: Rathore is a Rajput clan. Some historians link their origin to the Rashtrakuta dynasty.

text:
# Rathore (Rajput clan)

**Rathore** is a Rajput clan. Some historians link their origin to the Rashtrakuta dynasty.

## Origin

The Rathores claim they are descended from the legendary Suryavanshi and Chandravanshi lineages of ancient India. According to this tradition, the Rathores are descended from the Solar Dynasty (Suryavanshi) and can trace their ancestry back to Lord Rama and the Ikshvaku Dynasty one of the most ancient and legendary dynasties of India according to Hindu mythology.

According to some modern historians, Rathores originated from the Rashtrakuta's ancestors. Some Branches of Rashtrakutas had migrated to Western Rajasthan as early as the late tenth century; some inscriptions of "Rathauras" have been founded in and around Marwar region of Rajasthan dating from the tenth to early thirteenth century; it's believed the Rathores might have emerged from one of the Rashtrakuta divisions.

1. Singh, R. P.; Singh, Kanwar Rajpal (2005-12-01). *Sawai Man Singh II of Jaipur: Life and Legend*. Roli Books Private Limited. ISBN 978-93-5194-058-6.
2. Crites, Mitchell; Nanji, Ameeta (2007). *India Sublime: Princely Palace Hotels of Rajasthan*. Rizzoli. ISBN 978-0-8478-2979-8.
3. Rathore, L. S. (1987). *Veer Durgadas Rathore: An Epic*. Thar Bliss.
4. Bose, Melia Belli (2015-08-25). *Royal Umbrellas of Stone: Memory, Politics, and Public Identity in Rajput Funerary Art*. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-30056-9.
5. Tanwar, Shyam Singh (2005). *State Administration in Rajasthan, 19th Century: With Special Reference to Jodhpur State*. Maharaja Mansingh Pustak Prakash Research Centre Fort.
6. Ziegler, Norman P. (1976). "The Seventeenth Century Chronicles of Mārvāṛa: A Study in the Evolution and Use of Oral Traditions in Western India". *History in Africa*. **3**: 127–153. doi:10.2307/3171564. ISSN 0361-5413. JSTOR 3171564. S2CID 156943079.
7. Sinha, Bindeshwari Prasad (1974). *Comprehensive History of Bihar: pt. 2 \[1974\]*. Kashi Prasad Jayaswal Research Institute.


title: Water polo at the 1970 Asian Games

abstract: Water polo was only contested for men at the 1970 Asian Games in Bangkok, Thailand.

text:
# Water polo at the 1970 Asian Games

**Water polo** was only contested for men at the **1970 Asian Games** in Bangkok, Thailand.

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men
 | Japan
Hiroshi Hashimoto
Tatsuo Jihira
Shigeharu Kuwabara
Hirokatsu Kuwayama
Kaoru Matsunaga
Naoto Minegishi
Koji Nakano
Hideo Nishida
Yukiharu Oshita
Toshio Takahashi
Yoshihiro Yasumi | India
Ashok Biswas
Tarun Goswami
Samir Kapadia
Bharat Merchant
Piyush Mitra
Abdul Mutlib
Pattabi Raman
Chandram Rana
Avinash Sarang
Deep Narayan Singh
Umad Singh | Indonesia
Tengku Achmadsjah
Doddy Agussalim
Johanes Bambang Budihardja
Tengku Kamrol
Pandapotan Nasution
Zakaria Nasution
Gunawan Santoso
Rudy Sastranegara
Valentinus Sutandio
Ade Sutargi
Cebjar Hernowo Triono |

## Results

### Preliminary round

#### Group A

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | India | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 20 | 16 | +4 | 5 | Semifinals |
| 2 | Indonesia | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 20 | 14 | +6 | | 4 |
| 3 | Singapore | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 22 | 13 | +9 | 3 |  |
| 4 | Thailand | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 23 | 19 | | 0 |

Source: Results

| 12 December | Singapore | 77 | India | Visutdrarom Swimming Pool, Bangkok |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

---

| 12 December | **Indonesia** | **8**1 | Thailand | Visutdrarom Swimming Pool, Bangkok |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

---

| 13 December | Singapore | 4**6** | **Indonesia** | Visutdrarom Swimming Pool, Bangkok |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

---

| 13 December | Thailand | 3**4** | **India** | Visutdrarom Swimming Pool, Bangkok |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

---

| 14 December | Indonesia | 6**9** | **India** | Visutdrarom Swimming Pool, Bangkok |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

---

| 14 December | **Singapore** | **11**0 | Thailand | Visutdrarom Swimming Pool, Bangkok |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

#### Group B

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Japan | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 6 | +8 | 4 | Semifinals |
| 2 | Iran | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 8 | 3 | | 1 |
| 3 | Malaysia | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 1 |  |

Source: Results
Notes:

| 12 December | **Japan** | **6**3 | Iran | Visutdrarom Swimming Pool, Bangkok |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

---

| 13 December | Malaysia | 22 | Iran | Visutdrarom Swimming Pool, Bangkok |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

---

| 14 December | **Japan** | **8**3 | Malaysia | Visutdrarom Swimming Pool, Bangkok |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

### Final round

#### Semifinals

| 15 December | **Japan** | **14**6 | Indonesia | Visutdrarom Swimming Pool, Bangkok |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

---

| 15 December | **India** | **6**3 | Iran | Visutdrarom Swimming Pool, Bangkok |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

#### Bronze medal match

| 16 December | **Indonesia** | **5**2 | Iran | Visutdrarom Swimming Pool, Bangkok |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

#### Gold medal match

| 16 December | **Japan** | **4**2 | India | Visutdrarom Swimming Pool, Bangkok |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

## InfoBox

| Water polo
at the 1970 Asian Games | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Venue | Visutdrarom Swimming Pool |
| Dates | 12–16 December 1970 |
| Nations | 7 |
|


title: Noboru Shimizu

abstract: Noboru Shimizu is a professional Japanese baseball player. He plays pitcher for the Tokyo Yakult Swallows.

text:
# Noboru Shimizu

**Noboru Shimizu** (清水 昇, *Shimizu Noboru*, born October 25, 1996 in Adachi, Tokyo, Japan) is a professional Japanese baseball player. He plays pitcher for the Tokyo Yakult Swallows.

## InfoBox

| Noboru Shimizu | |
| --- | --- |
| Shimizu with the Tokyo Yakult Swallows | |
| Tokyo Yakult Swallows – No. 17 | |
| **Pitcher** | |
| **Born:**  (1996-10-25) October 25, 1996
Adachi, Tokyo, Japan | |
| **Bats:** Left**Throws:** Right | |
| NPB debut | |
| June 1, 2019, for the Tokyo Yakult Swallows | |
| Career statistics
(through 2023 season) | |
| Win–loss record | 9-25 |
| Earned Run Average | 3.05 |
| Strikeouts | 246 |
| Saves | 1 |
| Holds | 146 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |


title: Ornativalva pseudotamariciella

abstract: Ornativalva pseudotamariciella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Sattler in 1967. It is found in Portugal, Spain, Italy and southern France. Adults have been recorded on wing from May to July and in September. The larvae feed on the leaves and flowers of Tamarix gallica and Tamarix africana.

text:
# Ornativalva pseudotamariciella

***Ornativalva pseudotamariciella*** is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Sattler in 1967. It is found in Portugal, Spain, Italy and southern France.

Adults have been recorded on wing from May to July and in September.

The larvae feed on the leaves and flowers of *Tamarix gallica* and *Tamarix africana*.

## InfoBox

| *Ornativalva pseudotamariciella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Genus: | *Ornativalva* |
| Species: | ***O. pseudotamariciella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ornativalva pseudotamariciella***<br>Sattler, 1967 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Ornativalva pseudotamaricella* | |


title: Racquet Club of Palm Springs

abstract: The Racquet Club was a resort in Palm Springs, California, founded by actors Charles Farrell and Ralph Bellamy, which opened on December 15, 1934. Originally designed to include two tennis courts, it expanded to include additional courts, the "Bamboo Room" bar, bungalows, and a swimming pool.

text:
# Racquet Club of Palm Springs

The **Racquet Club** was a resort in Palm Springs, California, founded by actors Charles Farrell and Ralph Bellamy, which opened on December 15, 1934. Originally designed to include two tennis courts, it expanded to include additional courts, the "Bamboo Room" bar, bungalows, and a swimming pool.

## Overview

Julie Copeland was the longtime hostess of the club. Frank Bogert, who later served as mayor of Palm Springs, was an early manager of the club. Champion players such as Arthur Ashe, Dick Savitt, Jimmy Connors, Roy Emerson, Chris Evert, Pancho Gonzales, Billie Jean King, Jack Kramer, Rod Laver, Bob Lutz, Gene Mako, Alice Marble, Charlie Pasarell, Bobby Riggs, Ken Rosewall, Pancho Segura, Stan Smith, Roscoe Tanner, Mike Franks, and Ellsworth Vines all played at the club. The club also served as a gathering place and party venue for much of Hollywood's show business elite. The club was the venue for the 1975 Davis Cup Americas Zone, but in subsequent years, it suffered a decline. After a massive fire on July 23, 2014, the building was demolished.

*The Jack Benny Program* (also broadcast as *The Jack Benny Show*), a 1932–1965 radio and TV series, featured a radio episode titled "Murder at the Racquet Club" on March 9, 1941. Charles Farrell guest-starred.

The *Star Studded Ride*, a 1954 short film, featured stars Gussie Moran and Dave Gillam at the Racquet Club.

Pin-up photographer Bruno Bernard is credited with first photographing Marilyn Monroe at the Racquet Club in 1947, and it was at the club's pool where she met talent agent Johnny Hyde.

## InfoBox

Racquet Club of Palm Springs
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | 2743 N. Indian Canyon Drive
Palm Springs, California |
| Coordinates | 33°51′18″N 116°32′46″W / 33.855°N 116.546°W / 33.855; -116.546 |
| Owner | Olivia Communities |
| Construction | |
| Opened | 1934 |
| Renovated | 1977, 1999 |
| Closed | 2014 |
| Construction cost | $78,000 (1934 investment) |
| Architect | Albert Frey
"Schiff House" and bungalows |


title: Q'ara Qullu (Sajama)

abstract: Q'ara Qullu is a mountain in the Bolivian Andes which reaches a height of approximately 4,900 m (16,100 ft). It is located in the Oruro Department, Sajama Province, Turco Municipality. Q'ara Qullu lies southwest of Yaritani and north of Qhapaqa.

text:
# Q'ara Qullu (Sajama)

**Q'ara Qullu** (Aymara *q'ara* bare, bald, *qullu* mountain, "bare mountain", also spelled *Cara Kkollu*) is a mountain in the Bolivian Andes which reaches a height of approximately 4,900 m (16,100 ft). It is located in the Oruro Department, Sajama Province, Turco Municipality. Q'ara Qullu lies southwest of Yaritani and north of Qhapaqa.

## InfoBox

| Q'ara Qullu | |
| --- | --- |
| Q'ara QulluLocation within Bolivia | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 4,900 m (16,100 ft) |
| Coordinates | 18°09′26″S 68°21′15″W / 18.15722°S 68.35417°W / -18.15722; -68.35417 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Bolivia<br>Oruro Department |
| Parent range | Andes |


title: Jack Saul (tennis)

abstract: Jack Saul is a South African-Israeli former professional tennis player. He competed at the Wimbledon Championships and US Open, and won silver medals in men's singles and mixed doubles at the 1969 Maccabiah Games.

text:
# Jack Saul (tennis)

**Jack Saul** is a South African-Israeli former professional tennis player. He competed at the Wimbledon Championships and US Open, and won silver medals in men's singles and mixed doubles at the 1969 Maccabiah Games.

## Biography

Saul, originally from Durban where he attended Northlands High School, competed on the international tour in the 1960s and 1970s. He made it through to the third round of the 1966 Wimbledon Championships, winning both his matches in the fifth set, over Osamu Ishiguro of Japan (12–10) and Ismail El Shafei of Egypt (7–5).

A 1969 Maccabiah Games competitor in Israel for South Africa, Saul finished second with a silver medal to American Davis Cup player Allen Fox in the singles. In the mixed doubles, he and South African Esmé Emmanuel came away with silver medals, after being defeated in the mixed doubles finals by American Julie Heldman, who was ranked # 2 in the US, and Ed Rubinoff.

He emigrated to Israel, coached at the Dan Accadia Tennis Club, and is a former Israeli national coach.

## InfoBox

Jack Saul
| Country (sports) | South Africa |
| --- | --- |
| Singles | |
| Career record | 16–11 |
| Grand Slam singles results | |
| Wimbledon | 3R (1966) |
| US Open | 2R (1967) |
| Medal record      Maccabiah Games  1969 Israel Men's Singles  1969 Israel Mixed Doubles | |


title: Pietro Luccari

abstract: Pietro Luccari was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Ston (1664–1679).

text:
# Pietro Luccari

**Pietro Luccari** (died 23 November 1679) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Ston (1664–1679).

## Biography

On 23 Jun 1664, Pietro Luccari was appointed by Pope Alexander VII as Bishop of Ston. He served as Bishop of Ston until his death on 23 Nov 1679.

## InfoBox

| Most Reverend
Pietro Luccari | |
| --- | --- |
| Bishop of Ston | |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| Diocese | Diocese of Ston |
| In office | 1664–1679 |
| Predecessor | Carlo Giuliani (bishop) |
| Successor | Giacinto Maria Passati |
| Personal details | |
| Died | 23 November 1679
Ston, Croatia |


title: Ray Gillett

abstract: Ray Gillett was an Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Gillett was a left foot kick, who originally played with Thornton, then with South Caulfield in 1936, prior to playing with South Melbourne.

text:
# Ray Gillett

**Ray Gillett** (2 February 1917 – 31 August 1995) was an Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Gillett was a left foot kick, who originally played with Thornton, then with South Caulfield in 1936, prior to playing with South Melbourne.

## InfoBox

| Ray Gillett | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Ray Gillett | | |
| Date of birth | (1917-02-02)2 February 1917 | | |
| Date of death | 31 August 1995(1995-08-31) (aged 78) | | |
| Original team(s) | Thornton, South Caulfield | | |
| Height | 182 cm (6 ft 0 in) | | |
| Weight | 70 kg (154 lb) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1937, 1939 | South Melbourne | 8 (0) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1939. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Mornago

abstract: Mornago is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese, in the Italian region of Lombardy. It is about 45 km northwest of Milan and about 10 km southwest of Varese. It has a population of 5011 inhabitants and an area of 12 km². Mornago contains the frazione (subdivision) of Crugnola, Montonate and Vinago, and borders the municipalities of Arsago Seprio, Besnate, Casale Litta, Crosio della Valle, Sumirago and Vergiate.

text:
# Mornago

**Mornago** is a *comune* (municipality) in the Province of Varese, in the Italian region of Lombardy. It is about 45 km northwest of Milan and about 10 km southwest of Varese. It has a population of 5011 inhabitants and an area of 12 km².

Mornago contains the *frazione* (subdivision) of Crugnola, Montonate and Vinago, and borders the municipalities of Arsago Seprio, Besnate, Casale Litta, Crosio della Valle, Sumirago and Vergiate.

## Public Holiday

29 September of every year

## Saint patron

San michele arcangelo

## Demographic evolution

## Twin towns — sister cities

Mornago is twinned with:

## Neighboring municipalities

* **Vergiate** 5.6km
* **Arsago Seprio** 6.9km
* **Sumirago** 2.5km
* **Casale Litta** 2.1km
* **Crosio della Valle** 1.6km
* **Besnate** 5.8km

1. "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
2. All demographics and other statistics: Italian statistical institute Istat.
3. "Comune di Mornago (VA)". *amministrazionicomunali.it* (in Italian). Retrieved 12 October 2021.

## InfoBox

| Mornago | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di Mornago | |
|  | |
| Location of Mornago | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Lombardy |
| Province | Province of Varese (VA) |
| *Frazioni* | Crugnola Montonate Vinago |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Davide Tamborini (LISTA CIVICA: VIVIAMO MORNAGO) |
| Area | |
| Total | 12 km2 (5 sq mi) |
| Population (Dec. 2019)395,07 ab./km² | |
| Total | 5,011 |
| Density | 420/km2 (1,100/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Mornaghesi |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 21020 |
| Dialing code | 0331 |
| ISTAT code | 012106 |
| Patron saint | San Michele Arcangelo |
| Saint day | 29 September |
| Website | Official website https://www.amministrazionicomunali.it/lombardia/mornago |


title: Merlin Wittrock

abstract: Merlin Carl Wittrock was an American educational psychologist. He received the E. L. Thorndike Award in 1987.

text:
# Merlin Wittrock

**Merlin Carl Wittrock** (January 3, 1931 – November 28, 2007) was an American educational psychologist. He received the E. L. Thorndike Award in 1987.

## Early life

He was born in Twin Falls, Idaho in 1931. He received a bachelor's and master's degrees from the University of Missouri and his PhD from the University of Illinois.

## Work

### Generative theory of learning

Wittrock is best known for his generative theory of learning. He first published this theory in 1974. It is the parent of many current theories of academic motivation.

## Personal life

Wittrock had three children with his wife, Nancy. He died of heart failure in November 2007 at the age of 76.


title: Original Boardwalk Style

abstract: Original Boardwalk Style is a live album from Trey Anastasio and the Undectet, released on June 10, 2008 on Anastasio’s own Rubber Jungle Records. It was recorded live on December 30 and 31, 2006, at the House of Blues in Atlantic City, New Jersey. These two shows were recorded shortly after Anastasio was arrested for drug possession earlier that month and were his final concerts before he began a drug rehabilitation program; Anastasio made a reference to the arrest during the song "Makisupa Policeman" during the December 31 show, but that song does not appear on the album. Proceeds from the sale of the album benefit the Seven Below Arts Initiative, established by Anastasio in 2006 to foster artistic development and support arts education in the state of Vermont.

text:
# Original Boardwalk Style

***Original Boardwalk Style*** is a live album from Trey Anastasio and the Undectet, released on June 10, 2008 on Anastasio’s own Rubber Jungle Records. It was recorded live on December 30 and 31, 2006, at the House of Blues in Atlantic City, New Jersey. These two shows were recorded shortly after Anastasio was arrested for drug possession earlier that month and were his final concerts before he began a drug rehabilitation program; Anastasio made a reference to the arrest during the song "Makisupa Policeman" during the December 31 show, but that song does not appear on the album.

Proceeds from the sale of the album benefit the Seven Below Arts Initiative, established by Anastasio in 2006 to foster artistic development and support arts education in the state of Vermont.

## Track listing

1. "Drifting" (Anastasio, Lawton, Markellis) - 7:11
2. "Plasma" (Anastasio, Herman, Marshall) - 11:51
3. "Shine" (Anastasio, O'Brien) - 6:55
4. "Alive Again" (Anastasio, Herman, Marshall) - 8:06
5. "Mud City" (Anastasio) - 7:42
6. "Simple Twist Up Dave" (Anastasio, Herman, Marshall) - 8:13
7. "Tuesday" (Anastasio) - 5:33
8. "Money, Love and Change" (Anastasio, Marshall) - 14:00
9. "Mr. Completely" (Anastasio) - 8:43
10. "First Tube" (Anastasio, Lawton, Markellis) - 8:41

*Track 10 is only available when the album is purchased from Live Phish.com.*

## Personnel

* Trey Anastasio \- guitar, vocals
* Peter Apfelbaum \- saxophone, flute
* Cyro Baptista \- percussion
* Jeff Cressman - trombone
* Christina Durfee - vocals, synthesizer
* Dave Grippo - saxophone
* Tony Hall - bass, vocals
* Jennifer Hartswick - vocals, trumpet
* Ray Paczkowski \- keyboards
* Russell Remington - saxophone, flute
* Jeff Sipe - drums

## InfoBox

| Original Boardwalk Style | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Trey Anastasio | |
| Released | June 10, 2008 (US) |
| Recorded | December 30 and 31, 2006, Atlantic City, New Jersey |
| Genre | Rock |
| Label | Rubber Jungle Records |
| Trey Anastasio chronology | |
| *The Lucius Beebe EP*
(2007) ***Original Boardwalk Style***
(2008) *Time Turns Elastic*
(2009) | |