title: A Bigger Piece of Sky

abstract:
A Bigger Piece of Sky is an album by Texas-based folk singer-songwriter Robert Earl Keen. It was released in the United States in 1993 by Sugar Hill Records and re-released in SACD format with the originally intended track sequencing in 2004 by Koch Records. The title of the album comes from a line in the opening verse of "Paint the Town Beige":
  - I gave up the fast lane for a blacktop country road
  - Just burned out on all that talk about the mother lode,
  - I traded for a songbird and a bigger piece of sky
  - When I miss the good old days I can't imagine why. The album is frequently cited to be one of Keen's best if not the best and is considered to be a transitional point in his career as an artist. The album brings together various elements of alternative country such as roots-rock, honky tonk, and folk to form Keen's own cohesive blend of Texas music. Reviewers cite "Corpus Christi Bay", "Whenever Kindness Fails", "So I Can Take My Rest", and "Paint the Town Beige" as stand-out tracks. Keen's down-beat duet with Irish singer Maura O'Connell, "Night Right for Love" is also worthy of note as is Keen's cover of Terry Allen's "Amarillo Highway". Other guest performers include Marty Stuart on mandolin and Garry Tallent on electric and upright bass.

text:
# A Bigger Piece of Sky

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| About.com | link |
| Allmusic | link |
| *Austin Chronicle* | (favorable) link |
| *PopMatters* | (favorable) link |

***A Bigger Piece of Sky*** is an album by Texas-based folk singer-songwriter Robert Earl Keen. It was released in the United States in 1993 by Sugar Hill Records and re-released in SACD format with the originally intended track sequencing in 2004 by Koch Records. The title of the album comes from a line in the opening verse of "Paint the Town Beige":

*I gave up the fast lane for a blacktop country road* *Just burned out on all that talk about the mother lode,* *I traded for a songbird and a bigger piece of sky* *When I miss the good old days I can't imagine why.*

The album is frequently cited to be one of Keen's best if not the best and is considered to be a transitional point in his career as an artist. The album brings together various elements of alternative country such as roots-rock, honky tonk, and folk to form Keen's own cohesive blend of Texas music. Reviewers cite "Corpus Christi Bay", "Whenever Kindness Fails", "So I Can Take My Rest", and "Paint the Town Beige" as stand-out tracks. Keen's down-beat duet with Irish singer Maura O'Connell, "Night Right for Love" is also worthy of note as is Keen's cover of Terry Allen's "Amarillo Highway". Other guest performers include Marty Stuart on mandolin and Garry Tallent on electric and upright bass.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Robert Earl Keen, except where noted

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "So I Can Take My Rest" |  | 3:21 |
| 2. | "Whenever Kindness Fails" |  | 3:35 |
| 3. | "Amarillo Highway" | Terry Allen | 2:26 |
| 4. | "Night Right for Love" | Keen, Greg Trooper | 4:16 |
| 5. | "Jesse With the Long Hair Hanging Down" |  | 3:46 |
| 6. | "Blow You Away" |  | 3:35 |
| 7. | "Here in Arkansas" |  | 4:45 |
| 8. | "Daddy Had a Buick" |  | 2:57 |
| 9. | "Corpus Christi Bay" |  | 3:58 |
| 10. | "Crazy Cowboy Dream" |  | 2:27 |
| 11. | "Paint the Town Beige" |  | 4:33 |

2004 Re-Release Sequence
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Amarillo Highway" | Terry Allen | 2:26 |
| 2. | "Corpus Christi Bay" |  | 3:58 |
| 3. | "Whenever Kindness Fails" |  | 3:35 |
| 4. | "Blow You Away" |  | 3:35 |
| 5. | "Jesse With the Long Hair Hanging Down" |  | 3:46 |
| 6. | "Night Right for Love" | Keen, Greg Trooper | 4:16 |
| 7. | "Paint The Town Beige" |  | 4:33 |
| 8. | "Daddy Had a Buick" |  | 2:57 |
| 9. | "Crazy Cowboy Dream" |  | 2:27 |
| 10. | "Here in Arkansas" |  | 4:45 |
| 11. | "So I Can Take My Rest" |  | 3:21 |
| 12. | "Blow You Away" (reprise) |  | 1:14 |

## Personnel

**Musicians:**

* Robert Earl Keen  lead vocals and acoustic guitar
* George Marinelli  harmony vocal on "Paint the Town Beige", and electric guitar
* Tommy Spurlock  acoustic guitar, steel, lap steel, and gut string guitar
* Garry Tallent  Electric bass and Upright bass
* Dave Durocher  harmony vocal on "Corpus Christi Bay", drums and percussion
* Jonathan Yudkin  violin
* Marty Stuart  mandolin
* Jay Spell  accordion
* Michael Snow  additional vocals on "Blow You Away", bodhran, and tenor banjo
* Bryan Duckworth  violin on "Crazy Cowboy Dream"
* Dave Heath  upright bass on "Crazy Cowboy Dream" and harmony vocals on "Jesse", "Amarillo Highway", and "Crazy Cowboy Dream"
* Maura O'Connell  duet vocal on "Night Right for Love", harmony vocal on "So I Can Take My Rest", and additional vocal on "Blow You Away"
* Jennifer Prince  harmony vocal on "So I Can Take My Rest"

**Production:**

* Produced  Garry Velletri (except "Amarillo Highway" by Garry Velletri and Dave Durocher)
* Recorded  Jeff Coppage, July 1992 at The Board Room, Nashville, Tennessee
* Mixed  Jeff Coppage and Garry Velletri
* Digital editing  Neal Merrick at Merrick Music Studios
* Mastered  Denny Purcell at Georgetown Masters

**Artwork:**

* Cover  "Slow Poke" by Ray C. Strang
* Back Cover  photo by Peter Figan
* Design  Diane Painter

## Notes and sources

1. "Robert Earl KeenThe Irony and Humor Archived May 10, 2006, at the Wayback Machine by Don Henry Ford Junior, AmericanaRoots.com, December 8, 2005
2. Review:*A Bigger Piece of Sky* by Thom Jurek, *Allmusic*
3. Country Music Review: *A Bigger Piece of Sky* Archived September 21, 2005, at the Wayback Machine by Matt Bjorke, about.com

## InfoBox

| A Bigger Piece of Sky | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Robert Earl Keen | |
| Released | October 8, 1993
August 10, 2004 Re-Release |
| Recorded | Nashville, TN, US
July 1992 |
| Genre | Folk
Alternative country |
| Length | 39:39 |
| Label | Sugar Hill
KOCH Re-Release |
| Producer | Garry Velletri |
| Robert Earl Keen chronology | |
| *West Textures*
(1989) ***A Bigger Piece of Sky***
(1993) *Gringo Honeymoon*
(1994) | |


title: Pogonotriccus

abstract: Pogonotriccus is a genus of small passerine birds in the tyrant flycatcher family Tyrannidae. They are found in wooded habitats of Central and South America.

text:
# Pogonotriccus

***Pogonotriccus*** is a genus of small passerine birds in the tyrant flycatcher family Tyrannidae. They are found in wooded habitats of Central and South America.

## Taxonomy

The genus was erected by the German ornithologists Jean Cabanis and Ferdinand Heine in 1859 with the southern bristle tyrant (*Pogonotriccus eximius*) as the type species. The genus has sometimes been merged into the genus *Phylloscartes*. In 2004 John Fitzpatrick in the *Handbook of the Birds of the World* chose to treat *Pogonotriccus* as a separate genus based on the slight differences in behaviour of the birds in the two genera. Frank Gill and David Donsker then also recognised *Pogonotriccus* in the list of bird species that they maintain on behalf of the International Ornithological Committee. The evidence for splitting the genus is weak: a 2009 molecular phylogenetic study that included one species from *Pogonotriccus* and three from *Phylloscartes*, found that the genetic differences were small.

## Species

The genus contains nine species:

| Image | Common Name | Scientific name | Distribution |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Variegated bristle tyrant | *Pogonotriccus poecilotis* | Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. |
|  | Chapman's bristle tyrant | *Pogonotriccus chapmani* | Venezuela. |
|  | Marble-faced bristle tyrant | *Pogonotriccus ophthalmicus* | Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. |
|  | Spectacled bristle tyrant | *Pogonotriccus orbitalis* | Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru |
|  | Venezuelan bristle tyrant | *Pogonotriccus venezuelanus* | Venezuela. |
|  | Antioquia bristle tyrant | *Pogonotriccus lanyoni* | Colombia. |
|  | Southern bristle tyrant | *Pogonotriccus eximius* | Brazil, Paraguay and northeastern Argentina. |
|

## InfoBox

| *Pogonotriccus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Marble-faced bristle tyrant
(*Pogonotriccus ophthalmicus*) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Tyrannidae |
| Genus: | *Pogonotriccus*
Cabanis & Heine, 1860 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Muscicapa eximius*
Temminck, 1822 | |


title: Marie Kruckel

abstract: Marie Ann Kruckel ["Kruck"] was an American outfielder and pitcher who played from 1946 through 1949 in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. Listed at 5 ft 4 in (1.63 m), 130 lb (59 kg), she batted and threw right-handed.

text:
# Marie Kruckel

**Marie Ann Kruckel** \["Kruck"\] (June 18, 1924 – July 21, 2012) was an American outfielder and pitcher who played from 1946 through 1949 in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. Listed at 5 ft 4 in (1.63 m), 130 lb (59 kg), she batted and threw right-handed.

## Life and career

Born in The Bronx, Marie Kruckel was one of more than a dozen players who hailed from New York City and State and made AAGPBL teams. Others included Muriel Bevis, Gloria Cordes, Mildred Deegan, Nancy Mudge, Margaret Russo, Betty Trezza and Margaret Wigiser. A willing and determined player, Kruckel began her career at outfield and later doubled as a spot starter for three teams in a span of four years.

During her grade school days, Kruckel started playing softball in the Bronx and later played organized ball on the weekends while at high school. Following her graduation, she attended East Stroudsburg State Teachers College in Pennsylvania and played for a team based in Yorktown, New York. By 1945, she wrote a letter to the league requesting information and received an invitation to the training camp. The league sent her a contract offer after she graduated.

Kruckel entered the league in 1946 with the South Bend Blue Sox, playing for them one year before joining the Fort Wayne Daisies in 1947. Because she taught school, Kruckel was unable to attend spring training and was used exclusively as a fourth outfielder during her first two seasons. Then, in 1948 she returned to the Blue Sox. They tried her as a pitcher because she showed a good command of the curveball and a strong off-speed pitch. She was traded to the Muskegon Lassies midway through the season, staying with them for one more year.

Her most productive season came in 1948, when she posted a combined 9–4 record and a 1.65 earned run average in 19 games pitched, ending sixth in the league with a .692 winning percentage. In all, she went 10–11 with a 2.11 ERA in 34 pitching appearances and batted a .248 average in 98 games.

Following her baseball career, Kruckel taught and coached during 38 years at Clay High School in South Bend, Indiana. Since her retirement she was a regular attendee at the annual AAGPBL Players Association reunions.

She is part of *Women in Baseball*, a permanent display based at the Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown, New York, which was unveiled in 1988 to honor the entire All-American Girls Professional Baseball League.

Marie Kruckel died in 2012 in South Bend, Indiana, at the age of 88.

## Career statistics

**Batting**

| GP | AB |  |  | 2B | 3B | HR | RBI | SB | BB | SO | BA | OBP |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 98 | 236 | 16 | 35 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 16 | 7 | 42 | 35 | .148 | .277 |

**Pitching**

| GP |  |  | W-L% | ERA | IP |  | RA | ER | BB | SO | HBP | WP | WHIP |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 34 | 10 | 11 | .476 | 2.11 | 205 | 165 | 86 | 48 | 64 | 27 | 7 | 6 | 1.12 |

**Fielding**

| GP | PO |  |  | TC | DP | FA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 120 | 82 | 52 | 5 | 139 | 3 | .964 |

## InfoBox

| Marie Kruckel | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| All-American Girls Professional Baseball League | |
| **Outfield / Pitcher** | |
| **Born:** (1924-06-18)June 18, 1924
The Bronx, New York City, U.S. | |
| **Died:** July 21, 2012(2012-07-21) (aged 88)
South Bend, Indiana, U.S. | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
| * Women in Baseball – AAGPBL Permanent Display at Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum (1988) | |


title: William de Ropp

abstract: Baron William Sylvester de Ropp, originally Sylvester Wilhelm Gotthard von der Ropp was a British agent involved in dealings with Nazi Germany before and during the Second World War. He was described as one of the most "mysterious and influential clandestine operators" of the era.

text:
# William de Ropp

**Baron William Sylvester de Ropp**, originally **Sylvester Wilhelm Gotthard von der Ropp** (7 December 1886 – 1973) was a British agent involved in dealings with Nazi Germany before and during the Second World War. He was described as one of the most "mysterious and influential clandestine operators" of the era.

## Early life

De Ropp was born in Lithuania, the last child of Wilhelm Edmund Karl Reinhold Alexander Baron von der Ropp and his wife Lydia Gurjef. His father was from a family of Prussian barons and owned an estate called in Daudžgiriai, while his mother was a Cossack from the Crimea. De Ropp was educated in Dresden, Germany. He moved to England and, in 1908 enrolled at the University of Birmingham and became naturalised as a British subject in 1915. When he took the oath of allegiance on 25 January 1915, he was described as an electrical engineer of Kensington, London.

## Career

During the First World War, de Ropp served in the Royal Flying Corps under the command of F. W. Winterbotham. In the 1920s, de Ropp went to Berlin as a representative of the Bristol Aeroplane Company and became an associate of Alfred Rosenberg, a fellow Baltic German and a Nazi enthusiast. Rosenberg's function was to establish links with establishment figures in Britain for the Nazis. De Ropp had contacts with a powerful segment of the British upper class which favoured appeasement, known as the "Cliveden Set", and also with a member of the royal family, the Duke of Kent. Through Rosenberg, de Ropp met Adolf Hitler and Rudolf Hess. According to Ladislas Farago, a close personal relationship developed between the Führer and de Ropp. Hitler used him as a confidential consultant on British affairs and outlined to him frankly his grandiose plans, described by one author as "a trust no other foreigner enjoyed to this extent". Lulled by this congenial atmosphere, the Luftwaffe naively gave away its secrets to the British. F. W. Winterbotham had become head of Air Intelligence, part of MI6, and nurtured de Ropp over three years. While the Nazis considered de Ropp one of their agents in England, his standing helped facilitate a visit by Winterbotham to Germany in 1934. Winterbotham met Rosenberg and Goering and obtained a considerable amount of information on the growth of the *Luftwaffe*.

## Family

De Ropp married Ruth Fisher and had a son, Robert, and a daughter named Ruth Marguerite. His wife died on 27 March 1919 in the 1918–19 influenza pandemic. In 1925 he married Marie Woodman. His son Robert de Ropp, with whom he maintained little contact, became a research biochemist and author on personal enlightenment.

## Death

De Ropp died in 1973 in Kington, Herefordshire. His second wife survived him until 1986.

1. *National Archives: Medal card of De Ropp, W S*. 1914–1920.
2. *National Archives: Baron W S William Sylvester De ROPP. Royal Flying Corps*. 1915–1918.
3. Rootsweb
4. *National Archives: De Ropp, William Sylvester*. 1918–1919.
5. General Register Office -Index of deaths registed in October/November/December 1973 in England and Wales, name: De Ropp, William Sylvester, District: Kington, Herefordshire, Date of Birth: 12 December 1886, Volume:9A, Page:173
6. Ladislas Farago *The Game of the Foxes* 1971
7. De Ropp, Robert S., *Warrior's Way: a Twentieth Century Odyssey* (Nevada City, CA: Gateways, 1995 and 2002)
8. *The Appeasers.* Volume 1963, Part 1, p.335
9. University Calendars
10. "No. 29055". *The London Gazette*. 2 February 1915. p. 1029.
11. Jonathan Petropoulos, *Royals and the Reich: The Princes von Hessen in Nazi Germany* (Oxford University Press, 2006), p. 201
12. Ladislas Farago, *The Game of the Foxes*, p. 88
13. Chris Staerck, Paul Sinnott, *Luftwaffe: the allied intelligence files* (2002), p. 3
14. Office for National Statistics - Marriage Indices

## InfoBox

| Baron William Sylvester de Ropp | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | **Sylvester Wilhelm Gotthard von der Ropp** |
| Born | 7 December 1886
Lithuania |
| Died | 1973 (age 86)
Herefordshire |
| Service/branch | British Army
Royal Air Force |
| Rank | Second Lieutenant |
| Unit | Wiltshire Regiment
29 Sqdn Royal Flying Corps (World War I) |
| Alma mater | University of Birmingham |
| Spouse(s) | Ruth Fisher, Marie Woodman |
| Children | Robert de Ropp
Ruth de Ropp |


title: Marine Insurance Act 1906

abstract: The Marine Insurance Act 1906 is a UK act of Parliament regulating marine insurance. The act applies both to "ship & cargo" marine insurance, and to P&I cover. The act was drafted by Sir Mackenzie Dalzell Chalmers, who had earlier drafted the Sale of Goods Act 1893. The act is a codifying act, that is to say, it attempts to collate existing common law and present it in a statutory form. In the event, the act did more than merely codify the law, and some new elements were introduced in 1906. The Marine Insurance Act 1906 has been highly influential, as it governs not merely English law, but it also dominates marine insurance worldwide through its wholesale adoption by other jurisdictions. Two modern statutes, the Consumer Insurance Act 2012 (“CIDRA”) and the Insurance Act 2015 have made amendments to the law of insurance.

text:
# Marine Insurance Act 1906

The **Marine Insurance Act 1906** (8 Edw. 7. c. 41) is a UK act of Parliament regulating marine insurance. The act applies both to "ship & cargo" marine insurance, and to P&I cover.

The act was drafted by Sir Mackenzie Dalzell Chalmers, who had earlier drafted the Sale of Goods Act 1893. The act is a codifying act, that is to say, it attempts to collate existing common law and present it in a statutory (i.e. “codified”) form. In the event, the act did more than merely codify the law, and some new elements were introduced in 1906. The Marine Insurance Act 1906 has been highly influential, as it governs not merely English law, but it also dominates marine insurance worldwide through its wholesale adoption by other jurisdictions.

Two modern statutes, the Consumer Insurance (Disclosure and Representations) Act 2012 (“CIDRA”) and the Insurance Act 2015 have made amendments to the law of insurance.

## Overview

The most important sections of this Act include:

s.4: a policy without insurable interest is void. s.17: imposes a duty on the insured of *uberrimae fides* (as opposed to *caveat emptor*); i.e. that questions must be answered honestly and the risk not misrepresented. s.18: the proposer of the insurer has a duty to disclose all material facts relevant to the acceptance and rating of the risk. Failure to do so is known as *non-disclosure* or *concealment* (there are minor differences in the two terms) and renders the insurance voidable by the insurer. s.33(3): *If \[a warranty\] be not \[exactly\] complied with, then, subject to any express provision in the policy, the insurer is discharged from liability as from the date of the breach of warranty, but without prejudice to any liability incurred by him before that date.* s.34(2): where a warranty has been broken, it is no defence to the insured that the breach has been remedied, and the warranty complied with, prior to the loss. s.34(3): a breach of warranty may be *waived* by the insurer. s.50: a policy may be assigned. Typically, a shipowner might assign the benefit of a policy to the ship-mortgagor. ss.60-63: deals with the issues of a constructive total loss. The insured can, by notice, claim for a constructive total loss with the insurer becoming entitled to the ship or cargo if it should later turn up. (By contrast an *actual total loss* describes the physical destruction of a vessel or cargo.) s.79: deals with subrogation; ie. the rights of the insurer to stand in the shoes of an indemnified insured and recover salvage for his own benefit.

Schedule 1 of the Act contains a list of definitions; schedule 2 contains the model policy wording.

## Reform

Two new statutes, the Consumer Insurance (Disclosure and Representations) Act 2012 (“CIDRA”) and the Insurance Act 2015 have addressed insurance in general, and have amended the law in several ways.

Part 5 of the Insurance Act 2015 addresses "Good faith" as follows:

* Section 14 provides that "any rule of law permitting a party to a contract of insurance to avoid the contract on the ground that utmost good faith has not been observed by the other party is abolished.
* Accordingly, s,14(3) amends s.17 of the Marine Insurance Act 1906 to read: "A contract of marine insurance is a contract based upon the utmost good faith" and that section's subsequent words: "and, if the utmost good faith be not observed by either party, the contract may be avoided by the other party" are now omitted.

## InfoBox

Marine Insurance Act 1906
| Act of Parliament | |
| --- | --- |
| Parliament of the United Kingdom | |
| Long title | An Act to codify the Law relating to Marine Insurance. |
| Citation | 8 Edw. 7. c. 41 |
| Other legislation | |
| Repeals/revokes | Marine Insurance Act 1745 |
| Status: Current legislation | |
| Text of the Marine Insurance Act 1906 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk. | |


title: Microeconomic Theory (textbook)

abstract: Microeconomic Theory by Andreu Mas-Colell, Michael D. Whinston and Jerry R. Green is the standard US graduate level mainstream economics textbook. The book has 5 parts: Part I: Individual Decision-Making; Part II: Game Theory; Part III: Market Equilibrium and Market Failure; Part IV: General Equilibrium; Part V: Welfare Economics and Incentives individual decision theory. The book provides a rigorous (mathematical) and lengthy treatment of the standard microeconomic theorems and their ‘’proofs’’.

text:
# Microeconomic Theory (textbook)

**Microeconomic Theory** by Andreu Mas-Colell, Michael D. Whinston and Jerry R. Green is the standard US graduate level mainstream economics textbook. The book has 5 parts: Part I: Individual Decision-Making; Part II: Game Theory; Part III: Market Equilibrium and Market Failure; Part IV: General Equilibrium; Part V: Welfare Economics and Incentives individual decision theory. The book provides a rigorous (mathematical) and lengthy (nearly 1000 pages) treatment of the standard microeconomic theorems and their ‘’proofs’’.

## Editions

* Mas-Colell, Andreu. Michael D. Whinston and Jerry R. Green. (1995) *Microeconomnic Theory*, Oxford University Press, Oxford. 1995. 981

## Publisher's page


title: Northeast snowfall impact scale

abstract: The Northeast snowfall impact scale (NESIS) was created to measure snowstorms in the U.S. Northeast in much the same way the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale records hurricane intensity and the enhanced Fujita scale with tornadoes. This scale takes into account the very high population of the Northeast, and thus snowfall amounts are often smaller compared to what other areas of the USA would consider significant snowfall amounts.

text:
# Northeast snowfall impact scale

The **Northeast snowfall impact scale** (**NESIS**) was created to measure snowstorms in the U.S. Northeast in much the same way the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale records hurricane intensity and the enhanced Fujita scale with tornadoes. This scale takes into account the very high population of the Northeast, and thus snowfall amounts are often smaller compared to what other areas of the USA would consider significant snowfall amounts.

## The scale

NESIS was created by Paul Kocin of The Weather Channel and Louis Uccellini of the National Weather Service, classifies storms in one of five ways that range from *notable* (the weakest designation) to *significant*, *major*, *crippling*, and *extreme*. This helps to measure storms have on the economy and transportation throughout the major cities in the Northeastern United States as well as the country as a whole.

| Category | NESIS value | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1–2.499 | Notable |
| 2 | 2.5–3.99 | Significant |
| 3 | 4–5.99 | Major |
| 4 | 6–9.99 | Crippling |
| 5 | 10.0+ | Extreme |

The variables measured on the scale include area, amount of snowfall, and the number of people living in the path of the storm. These numbers are calculated into a raw data number ranging from "1" for an insignificant fall to over "10" for a massive snowstorm. Based on these raw numbers, the storm is placed into one of the five categories. The largest NESIS values result from storms producing heavy snowfall over large areas that include major metropolitan areas. Only three historical storms—the 1993 Storm of the Century, the North American blizzard of 1996, and the January 2016 United States blizzard—are in the Category 5, with a NESIS value higher than 10.

The northeast is the first region in the U.S. to use a system that measures the impact of snowfall because it is so densely populated. The scale also allows for meteorologists to predict how long airport delays caused snowstorms will last and when things will become normal afterward. According to Uccellini, NESIS will be used to reevaluate recent snowstorms and measure their impact and not as forecasts such as the ones that are created for hurricanes.

## Example

By using an example of the area from Washington D.C. to Boston, a notable, or category 1, snowfall would drop 4–10 inches of snow. A category 2 would affect same area but more people with more than 10 inches of snow on Mid-Atlantic seaboard. A category 3 would bring about 10–20 inches of snow and affect millions of people in the process.

## Gaps in effectivity

NESIS only takes into account the raw snow totals and impacted population. It does not account for any of the following hazards associated with winter storms:

* Blizzard conditions, blowing snow, and reduced visibility in general
* Gale-force, storm-force, or even hurricane-force winds and accompanying dangerously low windchill temperatures, causing wind damage and frostbite
* Freezing rain up to and including ice storm conditions
* Sleet, which behaves like a thin layer of quicksand on the road. Cars sink in it or drive across the surface and then slide over the slick individual pellets when attempting to brake. Sleet is very difficult to remove from roads. Due to its self-distributive properties and high weight relative to snow, most snow removal equipment is not suited to the task of removing sleet. Sleet has been referred to as "winter's sand" because when walking across it, kicking it, or picking it up and letting it drop or slide through your fingers, it feels and behaves like sand.
* Thundersnow, which, as shown by Chicago's Groundhog Day blizzard of 2011, can produce small hail and/or combine with destructive blizzard winds to meet the criteria for severe thunderstorms (however, due to public confusion issues related to the connotation of the term "severe thunderstorm", typically associated with heavy rain, very few of these actually prompt a severe thunderstorm warning from the U.S. National Weather Service)
* Storm surge caused by the aforementioned winds on lakes and on the coast and accompanying wave action

A theoretical blizzard may only impact enough people with enough snow to rate a category 2 on NESIS, but bring winds of over 70 MPH, paralyzing the region for days as 5–10 foot drifts and windblown debris are removed. Also, NESIS specifically provides for the storm's impact to the entire population of the affected area. This makes it unusable when trying to describe local conditions caused by a storm.


title: Eucalyptus acaciiformis

abstract: Eucalyptus acaciiformis, commonly known as wattle-leaved peppermint is a tree growing to about 20 metres (66 ft) in height that is endemic to the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. It has rough, fibrous bark, lance-shaped leaves, white flowers and cup-shaped to bell-shaped fruit. It grows in poor shallow soil, on ridges and slopes.

text:
# Eucalyptus acaciiformis

*Eucalyptus acaciiformis*, commonly known as **wattle-leaved peppermint** is a tree growing to about 20 metres (66 ft) in height that is endemic to the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. It has rough, fibrous bark, lance-shaped leaves, white flowers and cup-shaped to bell-shaped fruit. It grows in poor shallow soil, on ridges and slopes.

## Description

*Eucalyptus acaciiformis* is a tree that grows to a height of 2.5–10 m (8–30 ft) and has rough, fibrous or stringy, grey to grey-brown bark. The leaves on young plants are elliptic in shape, 20–45 mm (0.8–2 in) long and 5–15 mm (0.2–0.6 in) wide. Adult leaves are dull green to grey-green on both sides, lance-shaped and 50–120 mm (2–5 in) long and 10–15 mm (0.4–0.6 in) wide on a petiole 6–18 mm (0.24–0.71 in) long. The flowers are borne in groups of up to seven in leaf axils on a peduncle 2–6 mm (0.079–0.24 in) long, the individual flowers on a pedicel 1–3 mm (0.039–0.12 in) long. The buds are oval to spindle-shaped, 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) long, 2–3 mm (0.079–0.12 in) wide and the stamens are white. Flowering occurs in December and January and the fruit are cup-shaped to bell-shaped, 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long and 3–6 mm (0.12–0.24 in) wide.

## Taxonomy and naming

*Eucalyptus acaciiformis* was first formally described in 1899 by Henry Deane and Joseph Maiden who published the description in *Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales*. The specific epithet (*acaciiformis*) refers to the similarity of the leaves of this species to some in the genus *Acacia*, the ending *-formis* being a Latin suffix meaning "shaped".

## Distribution and habitat

Willow-leaved peppermint occurs on the northern tablelands north from Nowendoc and almost to the Queensland border. It grows in poor and shallow soils on slopes and ridges, mostly in woodland.

## InfoBox

| Wattle-leaved peppermint | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Eucalyptus acaciiformis* in the Gibraltar Range National Park | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | *Eucalyptus* |
| Species: | ***E. acaciiformis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eucalyptus acaciiformis***
H.Deane & Maiden | |
|


title: Glycan nomenclature

abstract: Glycan nomenclature is the systematic naming of glycans, which are carbohydrate-based polymers made by all living organisms. In general glycans can be represented in (i) text formats, these include commonly used CarbBank, IUPAC name, and several other types; and (ii) symbol formats, these are consisting of Symbol Nomenclature For Glycans and Oxford Notations.

text:
# Glycan nomenclature

**Glycan nomenclature** is the systematic naming of glycans, which are carbohydrate-based polymers made by all living organisms. In general glycans can be represented in (*i*) text formats, these include commonly used CarbBank, IUPAC name, and several other types; and (*ii*) symbol formats, these are consisting of Symbol Nomenclature For Glycans and Oxford Notations.

## History

In the beginning of the nineteenth century, names of sugar molecules were derived from their source. For example, glucose were called grape sugar (Traubenzucker), saccharose were called cane sugar (Rohrzucker). In 1838, the name glucose was coined; subsequently in 1866 Kekulé proposed the name 'dextrose' as glucose is dextrorotatory. It was decided by the scientific community that sugars should be named with the ending '-ose', which then was combined with the French word 'cellule' for cell, resulting in the term cellulose. As the empirical composition of monosaccharides can be expressed as Cn(H2O)n, they were termed as ‘carbohydrate’ (French ‘hydrate de carbone’).

## Text tormats

To represent the structural information of glycans more accurate and achieve specific purpose for the community, several unique formats were designed and used in different carbohydrate databases developed through different research groups and organizations.

### CarbBank

The CarbBank format is originally from CarbBank, a database management system for Complex Carbohydrate structure Database (CCSD). The CarbBank is created by researchers at the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center (CCRC) of University of Georgia. An example of an N-glycan of ***Man-3-Core F*** is shown below:

```
CCSD
                            a-L-Fucp-(1-6)+
                                          |
 a-D-Manp-(1-6)+                  b-D-GlcpNAc-(1-4)-Asn
               |                          |
          b-D-Manp-(1-4)-b-D-GlcpNAc-(1-4)+
               |
 a-D-Manp-(1-3)+

```

In general, this format is human-readable but the vertical bars make it difficult for a computer to parse.

### IUPAC

IUPAC is the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, and they propose a nomenclature for representing complex carbohydrates called 2-Carb. The IUPAC nomenclature provides three forms to represent the glycans.

* **Extended form**: In this format, a monosaccharide unit is represented by a given symbol, after the anomeric descriptor and the configuration symbol. An italic letter is used to represent the ring size, e.g. *f* for furanose and *p* for pyranose. The parentheses between the symbols is used to provide locants of the linkage and a double-headed arrow is used to show a linkage between two anomeric positions.
* **Condensed form**: This format eliminated both the configurational symbol and the letter denoting ring size. In general, the configuration is D (except for fucose and iduronic acid that are generally in L configuration) and the rings are in pyranose form (unless explicitly mentioned as in other form). The parentheses is used to write the anomeric descriptor along with the locants.
* **Short form**: It is usually desirable to shorten the notation by eliminating the anomeric carbon atoms locants, the parentheses around the locants of the linkage, and the hyphens. Moreover, branches can be shown on the same line with the aid of appropriate enclosing marks including parentheses and square brackets.

The above example glycan can be represented as below:

**Extended form**: α-D-Man*p*-(1→3)-\[α-D-Man*p*-(1→6)\]- β-D-Man*p*-(1→4)- β-D-Glc*p*NAc-(1→4)-\[ α-L-Fuc*p*-(1→6)\]- β-D-Glc*p*NAc-(1→NASN-protein

**Condensed form**: Man(α1-3)\[Man(α1-6)\]Man(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-4)\[Fuc(α1-6)\]GlcNAc(β1-ASN

**Short form**: Manα3(Manα6)Manβ4GlcNAcβ4(Fucα6)GlcNAcβASN

*Note:*

**Modified Condensed IUPAC**: Manα1-3(Manα1-6)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4(Fucα1-6)GlcNAcβ1-Asn

### LINUCS

Linear Notation for Unique description of Carbohydrate Sequences (LINUCS) is a format used in Glycosciences.de Archived 2021-02-11 at the Wayback Machine. This format is targeted to describe the glycan structure unique. The glycan example in LINUCS format could be:

```
[][ASN]{[(4+1)][B-D-GLCPNAC]{[(4+1)][B-D-GLCPNAC]{[(4+1)][B-D-MANP]{[(3+1)][A-D-MANP]{}[(6+1)][A-D-MANP]{}}}[(6+1)][A-L-FUCP]{}}}

```

### Linear Code

Linear Code is a linear notation proposed by GlycoMinds Ltd. and is one of the most compact formats. Here, (*i*) the common monosaccharides are indicated by a maximum two letter code, (*ii*) linkages are indicated by “a” or “b” for anomers, (*iii*) the number are at the end carbon number linkage, and (*iv*) The branches are indicated by parentheses.

```
Ma3(Ma6)Mb4GNb4(Fa6)GN;N

```

### GlycoCT

GlycoCT is the format designed and developed under the EuroCarbDB project. This format uses connection table approach to describe the full complexity of carbohydrate sequence data. It is widely used by the bioinformatics community through the database GlycomeDB. A GlycoCT format of the example glycan is shown below:

```
RES
1b: b-dglc-HEX-1: 5
2s: n-acetyl
3b: b-dglc-HEX-1: 5
4s: n-acetyl
5b: b-dman-HEX-1: 5
6b: a-dman-HEX-1: 5
7b: a-dman-HEX-1: 5
8b: a-lgal-HEX-1: 5 | 6: d
LIN
1: 1d (2 + 1) 2n
2: 1o (4 + 1) 3d
3: 3d (2 + 1) 4n
4: 3o (4 + 1) 5d
5: 5o (3 + 1) 6d
6: 5o (6 + 1) 7d
7: 1o (6 + 1) 8d

```

### WURCS

The Web3 Unique Representation of Carbohydrate Structures (WURCS) format is initially developed for GlyTouCan, the international glycan structure repository. As GlyTouCan used the Semantic Web technologies for development, it requires a linear string to represent the glycan. The example glycan in WURCS format as below:

```
WURCS=2.0/4,6,5/[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O][a1122h-1b_1-5][a1122h-1a_1-5][a1221m-1a_1-5]/1-1-2-3-3-4/a4-b1_a6-f1_b4-c1_c3-d1_c6-e1

```

### KCF

The KEGG Chemical Function (KCF) is designed and used in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. It also uses a connection table approach. The example glycan in KCF format as below:

```
ENTRY       G10661                      Glycan
NODE        7
            1   Asn        20     3
            2   GlcNAc     10     3
            3   LFuc        0     8
            4   GlcNAc      0    -2
            5   Man       -10    -2
            6   Man       -20     3
            7   Man       -20    -7
EDGE        6
            1     2:b1    1
            2     3:a1    2:6
            3     4:b1    2:4
            4     5:b1    4:4
            5     6:a1    5:6
            6     7:a1    5:3
///

```

### CSDB Linear

Carbohydrate Structure Database (CSDB) includes the Bacterial (BCSDB) and Plant and Fungal (PFCSDB) parts. This database utilizes a connection table for internal storage of structures and the CSDB linear code for input–output.

```
aDManp(1-3)[aDManp(1-6)]bDManp(1-4)[Ac(1-2)]bDGlcpN(1-4)[aLFucp(1-6),Ac(1-2)]bDGlcpN(1-4)xLAsn

```

### GLYCAM Condensed

GLYCAM Condensed format, as well as GLYCAM format, is provided by GLYCAM-Web, which is produced by the research group of Professor Robert J. Woods in the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center at the University of Georgia in Athens GA.

```
GLYCAM Condensed: DManpa1-3[DManpa1-6]DManpb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-4[LFucpa1-6]DGlcpNAcb1-ASN

GlYCAM: a-D-Manp-(1-3)-[a-D-Manp-(1-6)]-b-D-Manp-(1-4)-b-D-GlcpNAc-(1-4)-[a-L-Fucp-(1-6)]-b-D-GlcpNAc-ASN

```

### Glyde and Glyde II

The GLYcan Data Exchange (GLYDE) format, is an XML-based representation format for glycomics data. It was a part of the Integrated Technology Resources for Biomedical Glycomics, which established by a team from Complex Carbohydrate Research Center of University of Georgia.

```
<Glycan>
  <residue>
    <residue link="4" anomeric_carbon="1" anomer="b" chirality="D" monosaccharide="GlcNAc" ring_form="p">
      <residue link="6" anomeric_carbon="1" anomer="a" chirality="L" monosaccharide="Fuc" ring_form="p">
      </residue>
      <residue link="4" anomeric_carbon="1" anomer="b" chirality="D" monosaccharide="GlcNAc" ring_form="p">
        <residue link="4" anomeric_carbon="1" anomer="b" chirality="D" monosaccharide="Man" ring_form="p">
          <residue link="3" anomeric_carbon="1" anomer="a" chirality="D" monosaccharide="Man" ring_form="p">
          </residue>
          <residue link="6" anomeric_carbon="1" anomer="a" chirality="D" monosaccharide="Man" ring_form="p">
          </residue>
        </residue>
      </residue>
    </residue>
  </residue>
</Glycan>

```

GLYDE II, is the successor of GLYDE to overcome the limitations of GLYDE, uses a connection table approach.

```
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE GlydeII SYSTEM "http://glycomics.ccrc.uga.edu/GLYDE-II/GLYDE-II-1.2.DTD"[
  <!ENTITY mDBget "http://www.monosaccharideDB.org/GLYDE-II.jsp?G">
]>
<GlydeII>
  <molecule subtype="glycan" id="M3N2">
    <residue subtype="base_type" partid="1" ref="mDBget;=b-dglc-HEX-1:5" />
    <residue subtype="substituent" partid="2" ref="mDBget;=n-acetyl" />
    <residue subtype="base_type" partid="3" ref="mDBget;=a-lfuc-HEX-1:5" />
    <residue subtype="base_type" partid="4" ref="mDBget;=b-dglc-HEX-1:5" />
    <residue subtype="substituent" partid="5" ref="mDBget;=n-acetyl" />
    <residue subtype="base_type" partid="6" ref="mDBget;=b-dman-HEX-1:5" />
    <residue subtype="base_type" partid="7" ref="mDBget;=a-dman-HEX-1:5" />
    <residue subtype="base_type" partid="8" ref="mDBget;=a-dman-HEX-1:5" />
    <residue_link from="2" to="1">
      <atom_link from="N1" to="C2" from_replaces="O2" bond_order="1" />
    </residue_link>
    <residue_link from="3" to="1">
      <atom_link from="C1" to="O6" to_replaces="O1" bond_order="1" />
    </residue_link>
    <residue_link from="4" to="1">
      <atom_link from="C1" to="O4" to_replaces="O1" bond_order="1" />
    </residue_link>
    <residue_link from="5" to="4">
      <atom_link from="N1" to="C2" from_replaces="O2" bond_order="1" />
    </residue_link>
    <residue_link from="6" to="4">
      <atom_link from="C1" to="O4" to_replaces="O1" bond_order="1" />
    </residue_link>
    <residue_link from="7" to="6">
      <atom_link from="C1" to="O3" to_replaces="O1" bond_order="1" />
    </residue_link>
    <residue_link from="8" to="6">
        <atom_link from="C1" to="O6" to_replaces="O1" bond_order="1" />
    </residue_link>
  </molecule>
</GlydeII>

```

### CabosML

A carbohydrate sequence markup language (CabosML) is a description of carbohydrate structures using XML.

```
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<g:Glyco xmlns:g="http://bio.mki.co.jp/ glycoinformatics/2003">
  <g:Carb_ID/>
  <g:Carb_structure>
    <g:MS name="GlcNAc" >
    <g:MS link="1-6" anom="a" name="Fuc" >
      <g:MS link="1-4" anom="b" name="GlcNAc" >
        <g:MS link="1-4" anom="b" name="Man" >
          <g:MS link="1-3" anom="a" name="Man" />
          <g:MS link="1-6" anom="a" name="Man" />
        </g:MS>
      </g:MS>
    </g:MS>
  </g:Carb_structure>
</g:Glyco>

```

## Symbol formats

Many glycobiologists use figures to depict the complex glycan structures. Currently, there are two major ways to represent glycans using symbols: Symbol Nomenclature For Glycans (SNFG) and Oxford Notation.

### Symbol nomenclature For Glycans

### Oxford notation

The Oxford Notation was designed and developed by the researchers from Oxford Glycobiology Institute at University of Oxford in 2009.

### Hybrid notation

To comply with the SNFG notation and respect the Oxford notation some drawing tools generate hybrid cartoons with the SNFG symbols (monosaccharides) and linkage orientation as set by Oxford.

## Formats conversion tools

The scientific community has developed a number of software tools to convert glycans represented in one format to another. Some of these most commonly used tools are listed below:

1. **GlycanFormatConverter**: A core library of glycan text conversion tools, which encoding WURCS from IUPAC-Extended, KCF and LinearCode® for the great majority of glycans registered in GlyTouCan.
2. **RINGS**: A web resource providing algorithmic and data mining tools to aid glycobiology research.
3. **glypy**: An open source glycoinformatics library.

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14. Packer, Nicolle H.; von der Lieth, Claus-Wilhelm; Aoki-Kinoshita, Kiyoko F.; Lebrilla, Carlito B.; Paulson, James C.; Raman, Rahul; Rudd, Pauline; Sasisekharan, Ram; Taniguchi, Naoyuki; York, William S. (January 2008). "Frontiers in glycomics: Bioinformatics and biomarkers in disease An NIH White Paper prepared from discussions by the focus groups at a workshop on the NIH campus, Bethesda MD (September 11–13, 2006)". *Proteomics*. **8** (1): 8–20. doi:10.1002/pmic.200700917. PMID 18095367. S2CID 23513084.
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title: Raja Baba

abstract: Raja Baba was an American Thoroughbred racehorse who became the 1980 Champion sire in North America.

text:
# Raja Baba

**Raja Baba** (April 5, 1968 – October 9, 2002) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse who became the 1980 Champion sire in North America.

## Background

Raja Baba was sired by Bold Ruler, the leading sire in North America eight times and a National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame inductee. His dam was Missy Baba, a daughter of My Babu, a winner of the British Classic 2,000 Guineas Stakes in 1948 who became the influential sire of forty-seven stakes winners and a damsire sire of ninety-five winners.

Raja Baba was bred and raced by Michael G. Phipps, the son of Ogden Phipps.

## Racing career

As a three-year-old, he won the Francis Scott Key Stakes at Bowie Race Course followed a week later by a division of the Delaware Valley Handicap at Garden State Park. At age four, Raja Baba won the Bold Ruler Purse at Delaware Park Racetrack and finished second in the Phoenix Handicap at Keeneland, the Japan Racing Association Handicap at Laurel Park, and the Garrison Handicap at Liberty Bell Park Racetrack.

## Stud record

Near the end of his racing career, Raja Baba was sold to William S. Farish III who in turn sold a half interest to breeder, Warner L. Jones. He was syndicated in 1972 in a 36 share deal at $10,000 per share, a figure that his success as a stallion would see rise to a selling price of $205,000 per share on the open market by 1982. Retired from racing at the end of 1972, he was sent to stand at stud at Warner Jones' Hermitage Farm near Goshen, Kentucky. As a freshman stallion in 1976, Raja Baba was the leading juvenile sire in the United States and four years later both the leading juvenile sire and overall leading sire in the United States.

During his career at stud, Raja Baba sired sixty-two stakes winners and two Champions. In 1985, his daughter Summer Mood won the Sovereign Award as the Canadian Champion Sprint Horse of either sex. Another daughter, Sacahuista, won the 1987 Breeders' Cup Distaff and was voted the Eclipse Award as that year's American Champion Three-Year-Old Filly. Sacahuista was the dam of Hussonet who became a highly successful multiple Champion sire in Chile and who in 2002 earned the highest stud fee of any stallion ever to have stood in that country and Gran Zar Horse of the year and champion 3 year old in Mexico Triple crown winner.

Raja Baba's other successful offspring included Is It True, winner of the 1988 Breeders' Cup Juvenile, as well as Grade 1 winners Junius, Well Decorated and Royal Ski, the latter the damsire of the undefeated Japanese runner Agnes Tachyon who became the Leading sire in Japan in 2008.

At the end of the 1987 breeding season Raja Baba was pensioned. He was euthanized at Hermitage Farm in 2002 at age thirty-four due to complications from age related infirmities and was buried in its equine cemetery.

## Pedigree

Pedigree of Raja Baba, bay stallion 1968
| Sire
Bold Ruler | Nasrullah | Nearco | Pharos |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Nogara |
| | Mumtaz Begum | Blenheim |
| | Mumtaz Muhal |
| | Miss Disco | Discovery | Display |
| | | Ariadne |
| | Outdone | Pompey |
| | Sweep Out |
| Dam
Missy Baba | My Babu | Djebel | Tourbillon |
| | | Loika |
| | Perfume | Badruddin |
| | Lavendula |
| | Uvira | Umidwar | Blandford |
| | | Uganda |
| | Lady Lawless | Son-in-Law |
| | Entanglement |

## InfoBox

| Raja Baba | |
| --- | --- |
| Sire | Bold Ruler |
| Grandsire | Nasrullah |
| Dam | Missy Baba |
| Damsire | My Babu |
| Sex | Stallion |
| Foaled | 1968 |
| Country | United States |
| Colour | Dark Bay |
| Breeder | Michael G. Phipps |
| Owner | Michael G. Phipps |
| Trainer | Del W. Carroll |
| Record | 41: 7-12-9 |
| Earnings | US$123,287 |
| Major wins | |
| Alligator Handicap (1970)
Francis Scott Key Stakes (1971)
Delaware Valley Handicap (1971) | |
| Awards | |
| Leading sire in North America (1980) | |
| Honours | |
| Raja Baba Purse at Aqueduct Racetrack | |


title: Jagdschloss radar

abstract: Jagdschloss, officially the FuG 404, was the designation of a German early warning and battle control radar developed just prior to the start of World War II. Although it was built in limited numbers, Jagdschloss is historically important as the first radar system to feature a plan position indicator display, or "PPI". In Germany this type of display was referred to as "Panorama". It is named for Jagdschloss, a hunting lodge.

text:
# Jagdschloss radar

**Jagdschloss**, officially the **FuG 404**, was the designation of a German early warning and battle control radar developed just prior to the start of World War II. Although it was built in limited numbers, Jagdschloss is historically important as the first radar system to feature a plan position indicator display, or "PPI". In Germany this type of display was referred to as "Panorama". It is named for Jagdschloss, a hunting lodge.

## Development

The PPI effort started fairly early in the history of radar; Hans Hollmann of Telefunken filed a patent for the multi-phase electrostatic deflection in a cathode-ray tube "along a conical surface of revolution" "such as required in practice for instance for the feeding of certain directional antenna systems, or the like" in 1936. At that time development of GEMA's other radars, notably the Freya, took priority, and work on the system did not start until 1939. By this time, radar development had progressed to the point were a prototype could be constructed by re-using systems from various production radars.

A prototype system was built 35 km west of Berlin, known as the **Tremmen Radar Tower**. It mounted a large antenna consisting of two rows of four half-wave dipoles aligned horizontally, rotating on a shaft located at the top of the tower. It was found that at least five pulses needed to be returned in order for the target to become visible on the scope, so the rotation rate of the antenna was adjusted to synchronize with the pulse repetition frequency of the radar. The radio equipment was taken from the Wassermann and Freya units, and operated on a basic wavelength of 2.4 m (~125 MHz).

## Production units

Although the system demonstrated its utility, further units were not ordered until the fall of 1942, likely due to the increasing tempo of RAF Bomber Command's night offensives at that time. Production Jagdschloss units were larger than the original prototype, with an antenna 24 m (79 ft) wide and 3 m (9.8 ft) tall. New electronics were built for the production units, operating on one of two bands, the A band on 1.2-1.9 m or the B band on 1.9-2.5 m. The first production sets were delivered by Siemens & Halske at the end of 1943, and when production ended in April 1945 a total of 80 units had been delivered.

Jagdschloss units were found to have several "dead spots" due to the antenna being located on an 8-metre-high (26 ft) tower. For instance, an aircraft flying at 6,000 m (20,000 ft) altitude at any range between 60–80 km (37–50 mi; 32–43 nmi) would be invisible because the direct reflection from the aircraft would interfere with the one reflecting off the ground. This problem was initially solved with the addition of a large wire mesh under the tower, known as **Reflektor-Netz**.

A more convincing solution to this problem was deployed as **Jagdschloss Michael**. Michael added a second antenna on the "back" of the original, operating on a 50 cm wavelength system from Telefunken (almost certainly adapted from their Würzburg radar). Range was also increased from the original 150–300 km (93–186 mi; 81–162 nmi), which required an improvement in the angular resolution in order to maintain the ability to resolve aircraft. To achieve this, Michael used a new 50-metre-wide (160 ft) antenna replacing the older 24 m one. The antenna was so large that the mounting had to be re-designed, with the antenna supported by rollers running in a track as opposed to being mounted off a central shaft.

Another cm-wavelength experiment was built at Werneuchen, east of Berlin, known as **Jagdschloss Z**. This system operated on a 9 cm wavelength, which was very short for the era. The antenna was built up from the center sections of the Würzburg radar's parabolic dish, stacked vertically to form a single 72-wavelength aperture antenna.

Jagdschloss units of all types were optionally fitted with the Erstling IFF system. Like British IFF units, Erstling fed back its own return upon reception of a Jagdschloss signal. The return signal was slightly delayed, appearing as a second "blip" on the radar screen, allowing the operator to visually identify friendly aircraft. Unlike British systems, Erstling apparently sent back a morse code signal in return.

The FuG25a "Erstling" had two encryption keys inside, each of 10 bits. One called "Reichskennung" and the other "Verbandskennung" (squadron key).

A related system, **Jagdhütte** (German: "hunting cabin"), is also mentioned in reference to Erstling. This was a reduced version of Jagdschloss without radar receiver, operating only with the IFF Signals from Erstling. This was for control of the Luftwaffe's own night fighters only. Due to the different transmit and receiving frequencies, it was resistant against *Düppel* interference.

Another optional system for use with Jagdschloss was a remote PPI display known as **Landbriefträger** (German: country mailman). This allowed the display from a Jagdschloss site to be sent via telephone lines to the flak defenses so they could arrange their attacks locally. Signals from the original Tremmen and the later Werneuchen radars were forwarded to the flak tower close by the Berlin Zoo.

## Site locations

| Station Code Name | Nearest Village/Town | Country | Narrative | Latitude/Longitude | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *AAL* | Altomünster, Dachau in Bavaria | Germany | Harreszell / Wagenried |  |  |
| *BÄR A* | Werneuchen, Brandenburg | Germany | SW near Blumberg |  |  |
| *BERGZIEGE* | Erlenkopf , Wasgau, Rhineland-Palatinate | Germany |  |  |  |
| *BOCK* | Olsker, Bornholm island | Denmark |  |  |  |
| *BREME* | Bremerhaven, Free Hanseatic City of Bremen | Germany | At Öse |  |  |
| *BRUMMBÄR* | Budkovice near Ivančice | Czech Republic | alongside route 15253 | 49.084066, 16.362169 |  |
| *DACHS-MITTE* | Gernsheim, Hesse | Germany |  |  |  |
| *ENGERLING* | Přílezy near Útvina | Czech Republic |  | 50.086507, 12.945413 |  |
| *ERPEL* | Neustadt an der Aisch, Bavaria | Germany |  |  |  |
| *FALTER I* | La Mornandière, Chazelles-sur-Lyon | France |  | 45.637348, 4.352014 |  |
| *FAUN* | Skovby near Galten | Denmark |  |  |  |
| *FERKEL* | Schlagsdorf / Petersdorf, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | Germany |  |  |  |
| *FLAMINGO* | Fürstenwalde, Brandenburg | Germany |  |  |  |
| *GAZELLE* | Veendam near Groningen | Netherlands |  |  |  |
| *HAMSTER* | Oostkapelle / Domburg, Zeeland | Netherlands |  | 51.570269, 3.521230 |  |
| *HASE* | Harderwijk, Gelderland | Netherlands |  | 52.334495, 5.595638 |  |
| *HEIDSCHNUCKE* | Heiligenhaus, North Rhine-Westphalia | Germany | towards Unterlip |  |  |
| *HUMMEL B SÜD* | Marxen / Ramelsloh <br>Harburg, Lower Saxony | Germany |  |  |  |
| *KORALLE* | Krakovany, Piešťany District | Slovakia |  | 50.061319, 15.393324 |  |
| *KRAKE* | Köthen, Saxony-Anhalt | Germany |  |  |  |
| *LIEBENBERG* | Großdubrau near Krotoszyce | Poland |  |  |  |
| *LINDWURM* | Fraer, Limfjord | Denmark |  |  |  |
| *MADE* | Mendhausen, Thuringia | Germany |  | 50.379305, 10.470260 |  |
| *MÖWE* | Renningen, Baden-Württemberg | Germany |  |  |  |
| *RATTLER* | Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia | Germany | WSW Herringen |  |  |
| *RHEINSALM* | Saerbeck, North Rhine-Westphalia | Germany | 1km east |  |  |
| *ROBBE NORD* | Skærbæk, Jutland | Denmark | west at Tvismaerk |  |  |
| *SCHAKAL* | Skagen, Jutland | Denmark |  |  |  |
| *SEEHUND* | Skelby (Seeland Mitte) | Denmark |  |  |  |
| *SEESTERN* | Mrągowo (Sensburg) | Poland |  |  |  |
| *SILBERFUCHS* | Siegen, Westphalian | Germany |  | 50.884008, 8.038082 |  |
| *STAR* | Ladelund, Schleswig-Holstein | Germany |  |  |  |
| *STEINBOCK* | Wunstorf, Lower Saxony | Germany | at Winzlar | 52.448973, 9.259528 |  |
| *TAPIR* | Cerhonice / Radobytce | Czech Republic |  | 49.413988, 14.041572 |  |
| *TRAMPELTIER* | Tremmen, Brandenburg | Germany |  |  |  |
| *WELLENSITTICH* | Weißenfels, Saxony-Anhalt | Germany | 4km south |  |  |
|  | Aken (Elbe), Saxony-Anhalt | Germany |  |  |  |
|  | Boostedt, Schleswig-Holstein | Germany |  |  |  |
| Kriegsmarine site | Łężyce near Gdynia | Poland |  | 54.532096, 18.392182 |  |
|  | Langendorf, Saxony-Anhalt | Germany | alongside A9 motorway | 51.158737, 11.990475 |  |
| Kriegsmarine site | Lönsweg near Wilhelmshaven, Lower Saxony | Germany |  |  |  |
| Kriegsmarine site | Raehr near Hanstholm | Denmark |  | 57.099852, 8.677879 |  |
|  | Sletterhage, Kattegat | Denmark |  |  |  |
| Kriegsmarine site | Świnoujście | Poland |  |  |  |
|  | Vukovar | Croatia |  |  |  |
|  | Wladimirowka | Kaliningrad |  |  |  |
|

* The document states that the Jagdschloss units worked in two bands in the description text, but in three bands in another part of the document. The third band is 2.4 to 4.0 m.
* The document's description of Jagdschloss Michael states the second signal was sent out of the back of the antenna, and operated on a 50 cm wavelength. However, the description is not entirely clear, and the difference in wavelengths would make this somewhat difficult to arrange. Generally the range of a 50 cm unit would also be shorter than longer wavelengths on the other side, due to limitations of the electronics of the era, but the document does not state if the range of this "side" of the system was any different.

* *Development of the first PPI Radar* (*Funkmess-Uebersichstverfahren*), Dr. Ing. Theodore Schultes, translated into English by Martin Hollmann
* Swords, Sean S., *Technical History of the Beginnings of Radar*, London: IEE/Peter Peregrinus, 1986. ISBN 0-86341-043-X.

## InfoBox

Jagdschloss
| Jagdschloss captured in 1945 while still under construction | |
| --- | --- |
| Country of origin | Germany |
| Introduced | 1943 |
| Type | Early warning radar |
| Frequency | 129–165 MHz |
| PRF | 500 per second |
| Pulsewidth | 1μs |
| Range | 80 kilometres (50 mi) |
| Azimuth | 360° |
| Power | 30 kW |


title: Pogonotomia

abstract: Pogonotomia is the art of shaving, from the Greek words πώγων pogon "beard" and τέμνω témno, to cut. In 1772 French barber Jean-Jacques Perret (1730–1784) published a treatise called Pogonotomy, or The Art of Learning to Shave Oneself, a booklet detailing his observations on shaving. It also proposed the first safety razor. In 1762 he developed an extremely sharp razor meant to cut as much hair as would be possible. Perret's razor was later called the cut-throat razor.

text:
# Pogonotomia

**Pogonotomia** is the art of shaving, from the Greek words πώγων *pogon* "beard" and τέμνω *témno*, to cut.

In 1772 French barber Jean-Jacques Perret (1730–1784) published a treatise called *Pogonotomy, or The Art of Learning to Shave Oneself*, a booklet detailing his observations on shaving. It also proposed the first safety razor. In 1762 he developed an extremely sharp razor meant to cut as much hair as would be possible. Perret's razor was later called the cut-throat razor.


title: Marie Kudeříková

abstract: Marie Kudeříková was a student active in the Czech resistance to Nazi occupation during World War II. In 1941 she was arrested by Gestapo and at a subsequent trial she was sentenced to death. She was executed in 1943. While in prison, she wrote 32 letters, later published under the title "Zlomky života: listy z vězení". Kudeříková was a sympathizer of communist ideas and the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia later used her legacy as its propaganda tool. Her life story was featured in the film And Give My Love to the Swallows by the Czech director Jaromil Jireš.

text:
# Marie Kudeříková

**Marie Kudeříková** (also known as **Maruška Kudeříková**) (24 March 1921, Vnorovy, Czechoslovakia – 26 March 1943 Wrocław, Nazi Germany (today Poland)) was a student active in the Czech resistance to Nazi occupation during World War II. In 1941 she was arrested by Gestapo and at a subsequent trial she was sentenced to death. She was executed in 1943. While in prison, she wrote 32 letters, later published under the title *"Zlomky života: listy z vězení"* (*Fragments of Life: Letters from Prison*). Kudeříková was a sympathizer of communist ideas and the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia later used her legacy as its propaganda tool. Her life story was featured in the film *And Give My Love to the Swallows* by the Czech director Jaromil Jireš.

## Biography

Kudeříková was born to a Catholic family in Vnorovy, South Moravia. Her father, Josef Kudeřík, was a member of the Czechoslovak Legions in Russia. During the difficult period of the German occupation of Czechoslovakia he actively participated in anti-German activities in south-eastern Moravia. At that time, his oldest daughter Marie began attending gymnasium in Strážnice. There she befriended Julius Kramarič, a young supporter of communist ideas who came to the school from the Slovakia. Under his influence, she found an interest in Marxist ideas, which caused a conflict in her religious family. She later commented: "Julek (meant Julius) laid the theoretical foundation of my whole future work." They both graduated in 1940, at the time when Germans decided to close Czech universities. Kudeříková went to study in a language school in Brno and Kramarič left Vnorovy. The pair broke up shortly before that, which Kudeříková later mentioned with pain in her letters from prison.

The language school was moved from Brno to Veverská Bítýška, and at that time Kudeříková joined the *Youth Union*, an organization closely connected to the banned Central Committee of the Communist Party. She helped to organize the production of banned publications and posters. She once even attempted to burn down a local factory warehouse. Later she focused her activities on carrying out sabotage with a group of young people from surrounding towns and villages. In mid-1941, during a wave of arrests, she found a shelter in the village of Lažánky. In autumn of the same year she left for Brno, where she continued her activities in the *Youth Union*.

Kudeříková was arrested by the Gestapo on 5 December 1941 in Brno. The interrogations took place in Brno and Prague and the trial was held on 16 November 1942 in Wrocław (then Breslau). Both her parents attended the trial. She was sentenced to death by beheading. After that she spent more than 100 days in prison waiting for the execution. During her imprisonment, she worked as a painter of children's toys and began writing the recollections of her life in the form of letters. She managed to secretly send her letters out of the prison with the help of a friend and a prison guard. Kudeříková was executed on 26 March 1943, two days after her 22nd birthday. In her last letter, written the same day, she wrote: "Farewell to you, I greet, I love. Do not weep, I'm not crying. Without wailing, without a tremor of fear, without pain I leave, I come to what should be the goal, not the means." The brutal method of her execution (beheading by axe) shocked Czech society, although it was illegal to talk about the circumstances of her case.

After the liberation of Czechoslovakia and the subsequent establishment of the communist regime, her life story and heroism became a suitable theme for the political and ideological education of young generations living under the communist regime. Kudeříková appeared as an important historical personality in the textbooks of Czechoslovak schools.

Following the fall of the communist regime in Czechoslovakia, the legacy of Maruška Kudeříková was questioned in a documentary made by Czech Television. Among other things, the documentary notes that a poorly organized resistance action arranged by Kudeříková and her collaborators led to the imprisonment of many innocent persons in Nazi concentration camps.

## Marie Kudeříková in fiction

* *Zlomky života* (Fragments of Life, 1961) - afterword by Mojmír Grygar
* Jiří Havel: *Šestý den jara* \- verses
* František Omelka: *Maruška* \- short story
* Lumír Kuchař: *Zlomky života a smrti* (Fragments of Life and Death)
* *… a pozdravuji vlaštovky* (And Give My Love to the Swallows, 1972) - film directed by Jaromil Jireš
* *Památky na mě...* \- documentary, 2002, 28 min., directed by Jan Novák


title: William de Redvers, 5th Earl of Devon

abstract: William de Redvers, 5th Earl of Devon, of Tiverton Castle and Plympton Castle, both in Devon, was feudal baron of Plympton in Devon.

text:
# William de Redvers, 5th Earl of Devon

**William de Redvers, 5th Earl of Devon** (died 10 September 1217) (or **de Reviers**), of Tiverton Castle and Plympton Castle, both in Devon, was feudal baron of Plympton in Devon.

## Origins

He was the son of Baldwin de Redvers, 1st Earl of Devon by his wife Adelize Ballon. William de Redvers is also known as **William de Vernon**, because he was brought up at Vernon Castle, in Normandy, the seat of his grandfather Richard de Redvers.

## Career

In 1194, De Redvers took part in the second coronation of King Richard the Lionheart (1189-1199), when the Canopy was supported by four Earls. He was a firm supporter of Richard's younger brother and heir King John (1199-1216), but after John's death, he permitted Falkes de Breauté, one of his mercenary captains, to seize De Redvers' widowed daughter-in-law, force a marriage, and take her dowry. These events are featured in Alfred Duggan's novel, *Leopards and Lilies* (1954).

## Marriage and issue

He married Mabel de Beaumont, a daughter of Robert de Beaumont, Count of Meulan by his wife Maud FitzRoy, a daughter and co-heiress of Reginald de Dunstanville, 1st Earl of Cornwall by his wife Beatrice FitzRichard. By Mabel de Beaumont he had one son who predeceased him and two daughters:

* Baldwin de Redvers (b. after 28 April 1200; d. 1 September 1216), eldest son and heir apparent, who predeceased his father aged under 16, having married Margaret FitzGerold, daughter and heiress of Warin FitzGerold (1167 – post-1216) (eldest son and heir of Henry FitzGerold (d.1174/5), Chamberlain to King Henry II) by his wife Alice de Curcy, sister and heiress of William de Curcy IV (d.1194) feudal baron of Stoke Curcy (now Stogursey) in Somerset and of Harewood in Yorkshire. He left a son Baldwin de Redvers, 6th Earl of Devon.
* Mary de Redvers, known as "Mary de Vernon", who married, firstly, Pierre des Preaux (Anglicised to "Peter Prouz" and Latinised as *de Pratellis* ("from the meadow")). Ralph Brooke (1553–1625), York Herald, and others, stated that her descendants by her first marriage were the "Prouse" family of Gidleigh Castle (built by William Prouz and of Chagford in Devon; the arms of de Redvers were quartered by this family, as is visible on the monument of Humphrey Prouse (d.1648) in Chagford Church. However, the Devonshire historian Sir William Pole (d.1635) was sceptical about Brooke's version of the pedigree which he could "hardly admytt without better proofe than theire allegacion", objecting that he had never encountered the Devonshire Prouses called *de Pratellis* in any documents, and that their name was instead Latinised as *Probus* ("upright, proud"). Mary de Redvers married, secondly, Robert de Courtenay (died 1242), feudal baron of Okehampton, Devon, son of Reginald de Courtenay (died 1194) by his wife Hawise de Curcy (died 1219), heiress of Okehampton. From this marriage, the Courtenays later inherited the feudal barony of Plympton in 1293 and in 1335 were declared Earls of Devon. Robert de Courtenay (died 1242) was the great-grandfather of Hugh de Courtenay, 1st/9th Earl of Devon (d.1340).
* Joan de Redvers, who married William Brewere; she had been betrothed to Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent, but the marriage did not proceed.

## Death and succession

He died on 10 September 1217 when his title passed to his grandson, Baldwin de Redvers, 6th Earl of Devon, his only son Baldwin de Redvers having predeceased him.

## Footnotes

* Cokayne, George Edward (1916). Doubleday, H.A. (ed.). *The Complete Peerage*. Vol. 4. London: St. Catherine Press.


title: Mario Prayer

abstract: Mario Prayer (1887-1959) was an Italian painter, mainly of frescoes for churches or large halls. He collaborated closely with his brother, Guido, in many projects.

text:
# Mario Prayer

**Mario Prayer** (1887-1959) was an Italian painter, mainly of frescoes for churches or large halls. He collaborated closely with his brother, Guido, in many projects.

## Biography

He was born in Turin to Roberto Prayer Galletti, a photographer from Venice and Giovanna Boccaccini, also from Venice. Despite being without the use of his right hand, along with his brother Guido, he trained first at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Venezia and then at the Academy of Fine Arts of Lyon.

Both brothers were called in 1915 to paint for the Superintendent of Fine Arts of Apulia and Calabria, and the brothers mainly worked in Apulia and Basilicata, including Bari and Brindisi. He painted works for the Fascist authorities. His style shows the influences of Art Nouveau or*Stilo Liberty*. He died in Rome.

In 1924, he had a girl named Liliana Prayer, in Bare, Italy. She died in 2002.

Among his works, mainly in fresco are:

* Allegory of the Province of Brindisi, 1949, Palazzo della Provincia, Brindisi
* Frescoes/encaustics 1924, Aula Magna, University of Bari
* Frescoes, 1921, Council Hall of Toritto, Apulia 1921
* Frescoes, 1927, Sala Giuseppina or Cinema Oriente of Kursaal Santalucia, Bari
* Frescoes, 1933–34, Potenza Cathedral, Potenza
* Frescoes, 1933, Chiesa dell’Immacolata nel quartiere Tiburtino, Rome
* Frescoes depicting Life of Mary, 1942, Basilica Madonna della Coltura, Parabita
* Frescoes, 1930, Palazzo di Città, Bari
* Oil on Panel, Madonna del Carmine, 1949, Chiesa Matrice, Parish church of Monteroni
* Other works are found in Gioia del Colle, Gravina, Foggia, Galatone, and Genzano di Lucania.


title: Micronelima

abstract: Micronelima brevipes is a species of harvestmen in a monotypic genus in the family Sclerosomatidae from Spain.

text:
# Micronelima

***Micronelima brevipes*** is a species of harvestmen in a monotypic genus in the family Sclerosomatidae from Spain.

## InfoBox

| ***Micronelima brevipes*** | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Opiliones |
| Suborder: | Eupnoi |
| Superfamily: | Phalangioidea |
| Family: | Sclerosomatidae |
| Genus: | ***Micronelima***
Schenkel, 1938 |
| Species: | ***M. brevipes*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Micronelima brevipes***
Schenkel, 1938 | |
|


title: Eucalyptus acroleuca

abstract: Eucalyptus acroleuca, commonly known as the Lakefield coolibah, is a tree that is endemic to Cape York Peninsula in northern Australia. It has rough, tessellated bark near its base then smooth, white bark, lance-shaped leaves, oval to club-shaped buds with a hemispherical operculum and cup-shaped fruits.

text:
# Eucalyptus acroleuca

***Eucalyptus acroleuca***, commonly known as the **Lakefield coolibah**, is a tree that is endemic to Cape York Peninsula in northern Australia. It has rough, tessellated bark near its base then smooth, white bark, lance-shaped leaves, oval to club-shaped buds with a hemispherical operculum and cup-shaped fruits.

## Description

*Eucalyptus acroleuca* is a tree that grows to a height of up to 25 m (80 ft) with hard black or dark grey, tessellated bark for the lowest 2–4 mm (0.08–0.2 in) of its trunk. The upper bark is smooth, white and shed annually. Adult leaves are lance-shaped, 70–170 mm (3–7 in) long and 6–20 mm (0.2–0.8 in) wide with a petiole 4–15 mm (0.2–0.6 in) long. The flowers are arranged in groups of up to seven on a thin, cylindrical peduncle up to 8 mm (0.3 in) long, individual flowers on a cylindrical pedicel 1–3 mm (0.039–0.12 in) long. The buds are oval to club-shaped, 2.5–3.5 mm (0.098–0.14 in) long and 1.5–2.5 mm (0.059–0.098 in) wide at maturity. The operculum is hemispherical, about half as long as the flower cup. The fruit is a cup-shaped capsule, 2–3 mm (0.079–0.12 in) long and 1.5–2.5 mm (0.06–0.1 in) wide.

## Taxonomy and naming

*Eucalyptus acroleuca* was first formally described in 1994 by Lawrie Johnson and Ken Hill from a specimen collected near the New Laura Homestead. The specific epithet (*acroleuca*) is derived from the Ancient Greek words *acros* meaning "highest" and *leucos* meaning "white", referring to the white bark on the higher branches of this species.

## Distribution and habitat

This tree often grows in pure stands in woodland in heavy soils that are flooded in the wet season, and often grows near permanent lagoons. It occurs in the Rinyirru National Park.

## Conservation

*Eucalyptus acroleuca* is classed as "least concern" under the Queensland Government Nature Conservation Act 1992.

## InfoBox

| Lakefield coolibah | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | *Eucalyptus* |
| Species: | ***E. acroleuca*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eucalyptus acroleuca***
L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill | |
|


title: Queen at the Ballet

abstract: Queen at the Ballet is a rock ballet in two acts created by Sean Bovim as a tribute to Freddie Mercury, that brings the music of Queen vividly back to life – interpreting the stories behind classic songs such as "Bohemian Rhapsody", "Radio Ga Ga" and "Killer Queen". In February 2012 Cito, the lead singer of the band "Wonderboom" performed live vocals at Oude Libertas Wine Farm Amphitheatre Vocals in Stellenbosch, Western Cape, SA.

text:
# Queen at the Ballet

***Queen at the Ballet*** is a rock ballet in two acts created by Sean Bovim as a tribute to Freddie Mercury, that brings the music of Queen vividly back to life – interpreting the stories behind classic songs such as "Bohemian Rhapsody", "Radio Ga Ga" and "Killer Queen".

In February 2012 Cito, the lead singer of the band "Wonderboom" performed live vocals at Oude Libertas Wine Farm Amphitheatre Vocals in Stellenbosch, Western Cape, SA.

## Venues

1. 20h00 February 1 to 11 February 2012 at Oude Libertas Wine Amphitheatre in Stellenbosch, Western Cape, SA.
2. July 6 to 15 July 2006: The Point Theatre, Dublin, Ireland.
3. 24 - 28 and 31 January and 1 February 2006: Spier Amphitheatre
4. 30 August - 11 September 2005: Montecasino
5. 30 April - 15 May 2005: Artscape Opera House, Cape Town, South Africa.
6. 30 September - 9 October 2004: Artscape Opera House, Cape Town, South Africa.

## Songs

### Act One

1. "Death on Two Legs" (Mercury)
2. "Lazing on a Sunday Afternoon" (Mercury)
3. "Killer Queen" (Mercury)
4. "Under Pressure" (Queen, David Bowie)
5. "Good Old-Fashioned Lover Boy" (Mercury)
6. "Bicycle Race" (Mercury)
7. "Who Wants to Live Forever" (May)
8. "Another One Bites the Dust" (Deacon)
9. "Don’t Try So Hard" (Queen)
10. "Don't Stop Me Now" (Mercury)
11. "The Millionaire Waltz" (Mercury)

### Act Two

1. "Innuendo" (Queen)
2. "We Will Rock You" (May)
3. "Play the Game" (Mercury)
4. "Seaside Rendezvous" (Mercury)
5. "Love of My Life" (Mercury)
6. "Radio Ga Ga" (Taylor)
7. "You Take My Breath Away" (Mercury)
8. "Bohemian Rhapsody" (Mercury)
9. "God Save the Queen" (Arr. May)
10. "Barcelona" (Mercury)


title: Rakka Ryūsui (song)

abstract: "Rakka Ryūsui" is the 45th single by Japanese entertainer Akina Nakamori. Written by Takashi Matsumoto and Kenji Hayashida, the single was released on December 7, 2005, by Universal Sigma. It was also the lead single from her compilation album Best Finger 25th Anniversary Selection.

text:
# Rakka Ryūsui (song)

"**Rakka Ryūsui**" (落花流水, lit. "Falling Flower Running Water") is the 45th single by Japanese entertainer Akina Nakamori. Written by Takashi Matsumoto and Kenji Hayashida, the single was released on December 7, 2005, by Universal Sigma. It was also the lead single from her compilation album *Best Finger 25th Anniversary Selection*.

## Background

"Rakka Ryūsui" was released a year and five months after Nakamori's previous single "Hajimete Deatta Hi no Yō ni". It was used as the theme song of the TV Tokyo drama special *Tenka Sōran: Tokugawa Mitsuyo no Inbō* (天下騒乱〜徳川三代の陰謀, lit. *World Mayhem: Conspiracy of the Three Tokugawas*). The B-side is a re-recording of Nakamori's 1986 hit single "Desire (Jōnetsu)".

## Chart performance

"Rakka Ryūsui" peaked at No. 43 on Oricon's weekly singles chart and sold over 5,000 copies.

## Track listing

Original release
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Arrangement | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Rakka Ryūsui" ((落花流水, "Falling Flower Running Water")) | Takashi Matsumoto | Kenji Hayashida | Masayuki Sakamoto | 4:08 |
| 2. | "Desire (Jōnetsu) (2005 Version)" ((DESIRE -情熱- （2005年ヴァージョン）)) | Yoko Aki | Kisaburō Suzuki | Hiroshi Uesugi | 4:23 |
| 3. | "Rakka Ryūsui" (Instrumental) |  |  |  | 4:08 |
| 4. | "Desire (Jōnetsu) (2005 Version)" (Instrumental) |  |  |  | 4:23 |
| Total length: | | | | | 14:01 |

## Charts

| Chart (2005) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Japan (Oricon) | 43 |

## Cover version

* Kenji Hayashida, original composer of the song, self-covered the song on his compilation album "Works" in 2009.

## InfoBox

| "Rakka Ryūsui" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Akina Nakamori | |
| from the album  *Best Finger 25th Anniversary Selection* | |
| Language | Japanese |
| English title | Falling Flower Running Water |
| B-side | "Desire (Jōnetsu) (2005 Version)" |
| Released | December 7, 2005 (2005-12-07) |
| Recorded | 2005 |
| Genre | J-pop |
| Length | 4:08 |
| Label | Universal Sigma |
| Composer(s) | Kenji Hayashida |
| Lyricist(s) | Takashi Matsumoto |
| Akina Nakamori singles chronology | |
| "Hajimete Deatta Hi no Yō ni"
(2004) "**Rakka Ryūsui**"
(2005) "Hana yo Odore"
(2006) | |


title: Jakopovac

abstract: Jakopovac is a village in Croatia.

text:
# Jakopovac

**Jakopovac** is a village in Croatia.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, its population was 98.

## InfoBox

| Jakopovac | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Jakopovac | |
| Coordinates: 46°01′28″N 16°46′20″E / 46.0244343°N 16.7722427°E / 46.0244343; 16.7722427 | |
| Country | Croatia |
| County | Bjelovar-Bilogora County |
| Municipality | Zrinski Topolovac |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.7 sq mi (4.4 km2) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 98 |
| Density | 58/sq mi (22/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |