title: Winfield High School (Kansas)

abstract: Winfield High School (WHS), previously Winfield Junior-Senior High School, is a senior high school in Winfield, Kansas. It is a part of Winfield Unified School District 465. The school first opened prior to the start of the 20th Century in the former Central School, which received an addition in 1880. A new building, with three stories, and having an auditorium and gymnasium, opened in 1910; this facility, made of brick, was colored red. The new building began hosting assemblies of area schools and allowed for increased programming. In 1911 the school newspaper, The Oracle, debuted. A bond proposal for an addition known as a "manual high school" building passed in 1916. In 1951 an industrial arts building opened to the west of the 1910 facility. In 1971 a new facility opened.

text:
# Winfield High School (Kansas)

**Winfield High School** (**WHS**), previously **Winfield Junior-Senior High School**, is a senior high school in Winfield, Kansas. It is a part of Winfield Unified School District 465.

The school first opened prior to the start of the 20th Century in the former Central School, which received an addition in 1880. A new building, with three stories, and having an auditorium and gymnasium, opened in 1910; this facility, made of brick, was colored red. The new building began hosting assemblies of area schools and allowed for increased programming.

In 1911 the school newspaper, *The Oracle*, debuted. A bond proposal for an addition known as a "manual high school" building passed in 1916. In 1951 an industrial arts building opened to the west of the 1910 facility. In 1971 a new facility opened.

## Extracurricular activities

The Winfield High School band appeared around 1910 and the first recording of its activities appeared in 1916; previously teenagers wanting to do band activities joined practice sessions from the junior league of the city band.

Beverley Olson Buller, who wrote the book *Winfield*, stated that the 1910s physical education classes "likely" resulted in the May Fete celebrations held in the mid-1910s.

37°14′50″N 96°58′06″W / 37.2472°N 96.9684°W / 37.2472; -96.9684


title: William White (bishop of Pennsylvania)

abstract: William White was the first and fourth Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church of the United States, the first bishop of the Diocese of Pennsylvania (1787–1836), and the second United States Senate Chaplain. He also served as the first and fourth President of the House of Deputies for the General Convention of the Episcopal Church.

text:
# William White (bishop of Pennsylvania)

**William White** (April 4, 1748 N.S. – July 17, 1836) was the first and fourth Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church of the United States (1789; 1795–1836), the first bishop of the Diocese of Pennsylvania (1787–1836), and the second United States Senate Chaplain (appointed December 9, 1790). He also served as the first and fourth President of the House of Deputies for the General Convention of the Episcopal Church (1785, 1789).

## Education and ordination

Born in Philadelphia, White began his education at College of Philadelphia (which was later known as the University of Pennsylvania), taking his B.A. in 1765 and his A.M. about three years later. In 1770, he sailed for England on the ship *Britannia*, for his ordination as a deacon by Philip Yonge, Bishop of Norwich (but with the authorisation of Richard Terrick, Bishop of London), which took place in the Chapel Royal at St James's Palace on December 23, 1770. He subsequently returned to England on two occasions: once in 1772, to be ordained priest (again at the Chapel Royal, by Terrick on April 17), and again in 1787, when he was consecrated bishop on February 4 at Lambeth Palace Chapel by John Moore, Archbishop of Canterbury; William Markham, Archbishop of York; Charles Moss, Bishop of Bath and Wells; and John Hinchliffe, Bishop of Peterborough. In 1781, after further theological studies, he received a Doctor of Divinity degree from the University of Pennsylvania.

### Consecrators

William White was the second bishop consecrated for the Episcopal Church of the United States. Samuel Seabury of Connecticut had been first, consecrated in 1784 in Aberdeen, Scotland.

## Ministry

Rector of St. Peter's and of Christ Church for 57 years, White also served as Chaplain of the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1789, and subsequently as Chaplain of the Senate.

Though an Anglican (Episcopalian) cleric who was sworn to the king in his ordination ceremony, White, like all but one of his fellow Anglican clerics in Philadelphia, sided with the American revolutionary cause. After the war, White wrote *The Case of The Episcopal Churches in the United States Considered*, a pamphlet that laid out the foundational thinking for the emerging Episcopal Church. Among the innovations he proposed (and which were eventually adopted) was including lay people in the church's decision making bodies. Thus, at the founding General Convention of the Episcopal Church in 1785, the House of Deputies was composed of both lay and clergy members. After his consecration in England, White helped create an American episcopate, participating in the consecration of Thomas John Clagett as Bishop of Maryland at the General Convention in 1792, as well as serving as the Episcopal Church's first and fourth Presiding Bishop (the latter time as the most senior of bishops, as became the custom for the next century). White participated in the consecration of most American Episcopal bishops during the country's first two decades. He also ordained two African-Americans as deacons and then priests, Absalom Jones of Philadelphia (in 1795 and 1804, respectively), and William Levington of New York (who became missionary to free and enslaved African Americans in the South and established St.James Episcopal Church in Baltimore circa 1824). Although White did not travel extensively through his diocese, he did support missionary priests, including: Simon Wilmer, who traveled through Pennsylvania and New Jersey and ultimately settled down in what became the Maryland suburbs of Washington D.C.); William Meade, who traveled extensively throughout Virginia and ultimately became its bishop, White participating in his consecration; and Jackson Kemper, first in Philadelphia for 2 decades, founded the Society for the Advancement of Christianity and became the Episcopal Church's first missionary bishop. The elderly White made only one trip to the western parts of his diocese. In 1825 he traveled with Kemper to western Pennsylvania confirming 212 and consecrating buildings in Pittsburgh, Brownsville and Greensburg. On that trip, with permission of Richard Channing Moore, Bishop of Virginia, he also visited Wheeling, West Virginia in what much later became West Virginia to confirm parishioners and consecrate St. Matthew's Church. White also took an active role in creating several charitable and educational institutions, usually by organizing Presbyterians, Methodists and other Protestants in those philanthropic enterprises. In 1785, White founded the Episcopal Academy, to educate the sons of Philadelphia's Episcopalians and others. In 1795, White raised funds to create a school (built on Race Street between 4th and 5th) for black and Native American children. He also helped to create a Magdalen Society in Philadelphia in 1800 for "unhappy females who have been seduced from the paths of virtue and are desirous of returning to a life of rectitude." This was the first institution of this kind in the United States.

In 1820, White joined prominent Philadelphia philanthropists who, in 1820, convinced the Pennsylvania legislature to fund the Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, founded by rabbi David G. Seixas, now known as the Pennsylvania School for the Deaf. White served as the school's president for the next 16 years. He also ministered to Philadelphia's prisoners, becoming the first president of the Philadelphia Society for the Alleviation of Miseries of Public Prisons, which attracted the participation of numerous Quakers. Not known for his oratory (but for quiet sardonic wit), White earned Philadelphians' esteem for his erudition and ongoing charitable works, especially during the multiple outbreaks of yellow fever in that city throughout the 1790s. White and his friend and neighbor Benjamin Rush were among the few prominent citizens who remained to tend the ill when many other wealthy inhabitants fled to the countryside.

As White aged, arranging for his successor became divisive in the diocese. Benjamin Allen arrived from Virginia to lead the diocese's most evangelical congregation, St. Paul's and also founded another congregation, St. Andrew's, without White's permission. White questioned certain aspects of lay leadership at the revival meetings. Allen and the evangelical party selected George Boyd to replace White's assistant James Abercrombie, and Allen in place of Kemper at the diocesan council. When they tried to elect Meade as White's coadjutor (assistant bishop with right of succession) over White's preferred candidate (Bird Wilson, a professor at General Theological Seminary but canonically resident in Pennsylvania), the diocesan convention ended in a deadlock. At the next Convention, Wilson took himself out of contention, as did Meade, and the divided delegates eventually selected Henry Onderdonk (of Brooklyn, New York; who preferred High Church practices but had also revitalized that congregation).

White was a member of the American Philosophical Society, along with many other prominent Philadelphians, including Benjamin Franklin, as well as a trustee of the University of Pennsylvania from 1774 until his death. During his tenure as trustee, he also served as Treasurer (1775–1778) and President (1790–1791) of the board of trustees.

## Family connections and private life

White was married to Mary Harrison (1750–1797). Mary's father, Henry Harrison, had also been the Mayor of Philadelphia from 1762 to 1763. The Whites had eight children, only three of whom survived to adulthood. As a widower, White supported seven of his grandchildren. In 1813, the bishop's widowed daughter Elizabeth brought her two daughters to live in the house. Elizabeth, called "Betsy" by the family, managed the household for nearly twenty years until her death in 1831. After the death of the Whites' son-in-law and daughter Mary, White and Betsy brought his five grandchildren (through Mary) into his home where they lived for the ten years leading up to his death.

White's younger sister Mary was married to Robert Morris, who was known as the "Financier of the Revolution" for securing funding for the colonial cause.

White's household included a free African American coachman, named John, but no slaves.

A lengthy obituary devoted to White in the National Gazette and Literary Register described him thus:

> ... \[T\]he duties of the several important relations in which he stood to society were performed with undeviating correctness and suavity; he possessed the rare merit of winning the respect and love of an entire community to which he was an ornament and a blessing. His piety was deep and unfeigned; his walking humble yet dignified; his acquirements profound; in his mind the welfare of the Christian church was always the prominent consideration ... He was one of those examples of steady virtue sent upon earth by Divine providence, as if to prove how near the great pattern of perfection it is permitted to approach.

White died at his home after a lingering illness, retaining his full mental faculties until the end. He was buried in the family vault at Christ Church Burial Ground on July 20, 1836, next to his brother-in-law, Robert Morris. On December 23, 1870, his remains were re-interred in the chancel of Christ Church.

## Bishop White House

His home at 309 Walnut Street in Philadelphia is today part of Independence National Historical Park. It is notable, in part, as one of the first houses to have an indoor "necessary," at a time when most privies were built outside of houses. The prominent physician Benjamin Rush lived next door.

A second Bishop White House is located on Old Mill Lane, in the Historic District in Rose Valley, Pennsylvania. White sent his family to this house in 1793, during the Philadelphia yellow fever epidemic. Though his family lived there and he visited the house, White generally remained in Philadelphia.

## Veneration

White is honored with a feast day on the liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church (USA) and the Anglican Church in North American on July 17.

## Quotes

In White's response of August 15, 1835 to Colonel Mercer of Fredericksburg, Virginia, he writes:

> In regard to the subject of your inquiry, truth requires me to say that General Washington never received the communion in the churches of which I am the parochial minister. Mrs. Washington was an habitual communicant ... I have been written to by many on that point, and have been obliged to answer them as I now do you.

This letter is one piece of evidence among many which are frequently cited in support of Washington's deist or even atheist beliefs. Although Washington never received communion there, he attended services at Christ Church regularly for about 25 years.

* *The Episcopal Church Annual*. Morehouse Publishing: New York, NY (2005).

## InfoBox

| The Most Reverend
William White | |
| --- | --- |
| 1st and 4th Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church | |
| White in 1795 (oil on canvas) | |
| Church | Episcopal Church |
| In office | * July 28, 1789 – October 3, 1789 * September 8, 1795 – July 17, 1836 |
| Predecessor | None (1st)
Samuel Provoost (2nd) |
| Successor | Samuel Seabury (1st)
Alexander Viets Griswold (2nd) |
| Other post(s) | Bishop of Pennsylvania (1787–1836) |
| Previous post(s) | Bishop of Delaware *(1787-1828)* |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | December 23, 1770, Chapel Royal (deacon)
April 17, 1772, Chapel Royal (priest)
by Philip Yonge (deacon)
Richard Terrick (priest) |
| Consecration | February 4, 1787, Lambeth Palace Chapel
by John Moore (Canterbury) *et al.; see #Consecrators* |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1748-04-04)April 4, 1748
Philadelphia, Province of Pennsylvania |
| Died | July 17, 1836(1836-07-17) (aged 88)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States |
| Buried | Christ Church, Philadelphia |
| Nationality | American |
| Denomination | Anglican |
| Parents | Thomas White & Esther Hewlings Newman |
| Spouse | Mary Harrison |
| Alma mater | College of Philadelphia predecessor to University of Pennsylvania |
| Sainthood | |
| Feast day | 17 July |
| Venerated in | Episcopal Church, Anglican Church in North America |
| Title as Saint | Bishop of Pennsylvania and First Presiding Bishop of the Church in the USA |
| Shrines | Christ Church, Philadelphia |


title: William White (conscientious objector)

abstract: William "Bill" White was a Sydney school teacher during the Vietnam War. In July 1966, White defied a notice to report for duty at an army induction centre. White was the first Australian to be a public conscientious objector to the Vietnam War. Both this initial application for total exemption and subsequent appeals were rejected. White was removed from his classroom and ordered to report to Army quarters at Watsons Bay. He refused to comply and waited at home for the authorities to make the next move. This standoff lasted for several days and gained wide press coverage causing considerable embarrassment for the Australian Government. The standoff ended when White was dragged from his home after refusing to comply with an order to enter the army. A photo of this event became a potent symbol of the nature of conscription. He was jailed just before the 1966 election, and continued to seek conscientious objector status until he eventually succeeded on 23 December 1966. White's main objection was that he felt he was being asked to kill other human beings. However, he also had objections to the war itself and to conscription.

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# William White (conscientious objector)

**William "Bill" White** was a Sydney school teacher during the Vietnam War. In July 1966, White defied a notice to report for duty at an army induction centre. White was the first Australian to be a public conscientious objector to the Vietnam War. Both this initial application for total exemption and subsequent appeals were rejected. White was removed from his classroom and ordered to report to Army quarters at Watsons Bay. He refused to comply and waited at home for the authorities to make the next move.

This standoff lasted for several days and gained wide press coverage causing considerable embarrassment for the Australian Government. The standoff ended when White was dragged from his home after refusing to comply with an order to enter the army. A photo of this event became a potent symbol of the nature of conscription.

He was jailed just before the 1966 election, and continued to seek conscientious objector status until he eventually succeeded on 23 December 1966.

White's main objection was that he felt he was being asked to kill other human beings. However, he also had objections to the war itself and to conscription.

## Quote

*Firstly, I am standing against killing - the taking of human life... Morality, to me, is based on the respect for life. I respect people, I respect their feelings, I respect their property and I respect their equality, on the basic conscientious assumption that they have, as I have, the unquestionable right to live.* *Secondly, I am standing against the war itself as a national and international policy. As war, by definition, has always incorporated killing, I would have been opposed to any war on this basis.* *On the third front I am opposed to a state's right to conscript a person, I believe very strongly in democracy and democratic ideals—and I believe that it is in the area of the State's right over the life of the individual that the difference lies between totalitarian and democratic government. My opposition to conscription, of course, is intensified greatly when the conscription is for military purposes. In fact the National Service Act is the embodiment of what I consider to be morally wrong and, no matter, what the consequences, I will never fulfil the terms of the act.*

It was these words that contributed to the memorable Moratorium Marches of 1970.

## Further reading


title: Mothetjoa Metsing

abstract: Mothetjoa Metsing is a former Deputy Prime Minister of Lesotho. He is a member and current leader of the Lesotho Congress for Democracy (LCD). He served in the government of Prime Minister Tom Thabane between 2012 and 2015. In 2014, he was involved in controversy over an alleged coup attempt against the prime minister that was eventually resolved over calls for an early election.

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# Mothetjoa Metsing

**Mothetjoa Metsing** (born 2 February 1967) is a former Deputy Prime Minister of Lesotho. He is a member and current leader of the Lesotho Congress for Democracy (LCD). He served in the government of Prime Minister Tom Thabane between 2012 and 2015. In 2014, he was involved in controversy over an alleged coup attempt against the prime minister that was eventually resolved over calls for an early election.

## Political career

Before the 2012 general election, the ruling Lesotho Congress for Democracy suffered a split because of Prime Minister Pakalitha Mosisili's refusal to cede power. Mosisili then founded a new party called the Democratic Congress. LCD Secretary-General Mothetjoa Metsing then moved to lead the LCD. Tom Thabane leads another faction that broke away in 2006, the All Basotho Convention. The LCD's Metsing said that he would not take part in a national unity government. In like measure the ABC ruled out working with the LCD. Yet after the election, the two parties, along with the Basotho National Party, were part of a coalition government.

### Attempted coup d'état

Following political tensions and the suspension of parliament over the controversial change of the head of the army from Lieutenant General Kennedy Tlali Kamoli to Lieutenant General Maaparankoe Mahao, an alleged attempted coup d'état forced Thabane to flee the country. He then returned under cover of South African and Namibian police, who guarded him around-the-clock. Under the auspices of the SADC, mediation led by South African Deputy President Cyril Ramaphosa resulted in a call for an early election. Lesotho's King Letsie III set February 28, 2015, as the date for the election. Thabane was backed by the national police, while his deputy Metsing was backed by the army, which refused to recognise the change in army leadership.

On June 5, 2017, upon losing the latest round of National elections, Mr. Metsing made the following statement; "The LDF would need to be 'protected' from Prime Minister-elect Thomas Thabane who sealed an agreement yesterday with three other parties to form government.". The former deputy premier said the army needed to be "protected" for their role in propping up the outgoing government. Mr Metsing has been accused of collaborating with the LDF in his political fights, although he and the military have vehemently denied the allegations. ABC leader and former premier Thomas Thabane accused Mr Metsing of helping to plan an LDF raid on three key Maseru police stations on the morning of 30 August 2014 which the former described as a coup attempt. The raid, which left one police officer dead, triggered a chain of unsavoury events that led to the collapse of the Dr Thabane-led coalition government and intervention by the international community in an effort to avert a complete breakdown of the rule of law in Lesotho.

### National honours

### Foreign honours

## InfoBox

| Mothetjoa Metsing | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Deputy Prime Minister of Lesotho | |
| **In office**
8 June 2012  17 March 2015 | |
| Monarch | Letsie III |
| Prime Minister | Tom Thabane |
| Member of the National Assembly of Lesotho | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
28 October 2022 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1967-02-02) 2 February 1967
Mahobong, Leribe District, Lesotho |
| Nationality | Mosotho |
| Political party | Lesotho Congress for Democracy |
| Alma mater | BSN (MBA) |
| Website | mothetjoametsing.co.ls |
|  | |


title: William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby

abstract: William III de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby of Chartley Castle in Staffordshire, was an English nobleman and major landowner, unable through illness to take much part in national affairs. From his two marriages, he left numerous children who married into noble and royal families of England, France, Scotland and Wales.

text:
# William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby

**William III de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby** (c. 1193 – 28 March 1254) of Chartley Castle in Staffordshire, was an English nobleman and major landowner, unable through illness to take much part in national affairs. From his two marriages, he left numerous children who married into noble and royal families of England, France, Scotland and Wales.

## Origins

He was the son and heir of William de Ferrers, 4th Earl of Derby (c. 1168 – c. 1247), by his wife Agnes de Kevelioc, a daughter of Hugh de Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester (by his wife Bertrada de Montfort).

## Career

In 1230 he accompanied King Henry III to France and attended Parliament in London in the same year. Like his father, he suffered from gout from youth and after the 1230s took little part in public affairs, travelling always in a litter. He was accidentally thrown from his litter into the River Great Ouse while crossing a bridge at St Neots in Huntingdonshire and, although he escaped death, never recovered from the effects of the accident. He succeeded to the title of his father in 1247, but only lived another seven years, dying on 28 March 1254.

## Landholdings

Unable to play any part at court or at war, he followed his father in managing the family's landholdings. Their original lands were centred on Tutbury Castle, stretching beyond Staffordshire into the south of Derbyshire and the west of Nottinghamshire. The death in 1232 of his uncle Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester, brought him vast new estates, including Chartley Castle in Staffordshire, much of Lancashire between the Rivers Ribble and Mersey and many manors in Northamptonshire and Lincolnshire. He continued the policy of encouraging the growth of towns and markets, exploiting the forests of Needwood and Duffield Frith, and taking advantage of rising prices in commodities and land values. By the time of his death his income placed him among the top six English nobles, but he also left his son considerable debts.

## Marriages & issue

He married twice:

### To Sybil Marshal

He married (1st) Sibyl Marshal, a daughter of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, by his wife Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke, by whom he had seven daughters:

### To Margaret de Quincy

He married (2nd) in 1238 Margaret de Quincy (c. 1218 - 12 March 1280), daughter and heiress of Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester, by his wife Helen of Galloway. When Margaret's father married (as his 3rd wife) Eleanor de Ferrers (d.1274), she became both step-mother and step-daughter of Eleanor. By Margaret de Quincy he had two sons and three daughters:

He married (2nd) Eleanor de Lovaine, a daughter of Matthew de Lovaine, who after her husband's death was abducted by and married to William the Hardy, Lord of Douglas.

## Death, burial & succession

He died on 28 March 1254 and was buried in Merevale Abbey, Warwickshire. He was succeeded by his 15-year-old eldest son Robert de Ferrers, 6th Earl of Derby (1239–1279), still a minor, who in 1249 aged 10 had been married to Mary de Lusignan, a niece of King Henry III, and knighted. His wardship was granted to the King's eldest son, the future King Edward I. William's first wife's great estates in Ireland (primarily the county of Kildare) passed to her seven daughters and their heirs.

* **5**) Cokayne, G. E. (1926). Gibbs, Vicary & Doubleday, H. A. (eds.). *The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct or dormant (Eardley of Spalding to Goojerat)*. Vol. 5 (2nd ed.). London: The St. Catherine Press.
* Sanders, I.J. *English Baronies: A Study of Their Origin and Descent, 1086-1327*, 1960
* Weis, Frederick. *The Magna Carta Sureties, 1215*, 1997


title: Mount Shinn

abstract: Mount Shinn is a mountain 4,661 meters in elevation, standing 6 km (4 miles) southeast of Mount Tyree in the Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica. It surmounts Ramorino Glacier to the north, upper Crosswell Glacier to the northeast, Goodge Col to the southeast, and Branscomb Glacier to the south-southwest. Mount Shinn is thought to be the third-highest peak in Antarctica. The peak was discovered on IGY reconnaissance flights in January 1958, and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Lieutenant Commander Conrad S. (Gus) Shinn, U.S. Navy, a pilot on some of these flights. Shinn was pilot of the Navy R4D aircraft carrying Admiral Dufek which, on October 31, 1956, made the first plane landing at the geographic South Pole. It had been thought to be over 4800m high, but was re-measured in 2001 by Damien Gildea and Rodrigo Fica of the Omega Foundation, using a Trimble 5700 GPS receiver and the Australian government's AUSPOS processing system. Due to its vicinity to the more coveted Mount Vinson, Mt. Shinn has been climbed numerous times as a side trip on a Vinson expedition.

text:
# Mount Shinn

**Mount Shinn** is a mountain 4,661 meters in elevation, standing 6 km (4 miles) southeast of Mount Tyree in the Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica. It surmounts Ramorino Glacier to the north, upper Crosswell Glacier to the northeast, Goodge Col to the southeast, and Branscomb Glacier to the south-southwest. Mount Shinn is thought to be the third-highest peak in Antarctica.

The peak was discovered on IGY reconnaissance flights in January 1958, and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Lieutenant Commander Conrad S. (Gus) Shinn, U.S. Navy, a pilot on some of these flights. Shinn was pilot of the Navy R4D aircraft carrying Admiral Dufek which, on October 31, 1956, made the first plane landing at the geographic South Pole. It had been thought to be over 4800m high, but was re-measured in 2001 by Damien Gildea and Rodrigo Fica of the Omega Foundation, using a Trimble 5700 GPS receiver and the Australian government's AUSPOS processing system.

Due to its vicinity to the more coveted Mount Vinson, Mt. Shinn has been climbed numerous times as a side trip on a Vinson expedition.

## Maps

* Vinson Massif. Scale 1:250 000 topographic map. Reston, Virginia: US Geological Survey, 1988.
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), 1993–2016.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Mount Shinn". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.

## InfoBox

| Mount Shinn | |
| --- | --- |
| Mount Shinn from North East | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 4,661 m (15,292 ft) |
| Prominence | 961 m (3,153 ft) |
| Listing |  |
| Coordinates | 78°27′49″S 85°43′29″W / 78.46361°S 85.72472°W / -78.46361; -85.72472 |
| Geography | |
| Mount ShinnLocation in Antarctica | |
| Location | Antarctica |
| Parent range | Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains |
| Climbing | |
| First ascent | 21 December 1966 by Barry Corbet, Charles Hollister, Sam Silverstein and Richard Wahlstrom |


title: Winters–Courter House

abstract: The Winters–Courter House is located at 831 Circle Avenue in the borough of Franklin Lakes in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The historic stone house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 9, 1983, for its significance in architecture. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission (MPS). According to the nomination form, Peter and Margaret Pulis Winters owned the house in 1833. It was later owned by William M. Courter, an American Civil War veteran, in 1876.

text:
# Winters–Courter House

The **Winters–Courter House** is located at 831 Circle Avenue in the borough of Franklin Lakes in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The historic stone house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 9, 1983, for its significance in architecture. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission (MPS).

According to the nomination form, Peter and Margaret Pulis Winters owned the house in 1833. It was later owned by William M. Courter, an American Civil War veteran, in 1876.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Winters–Courter House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| New Jersey Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 831 Circle Avenue, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey |
| Coordinates | 41°01′40″N 74°12′25″W / 41.02778°N 74.20694°W / 41.02778; -74.20694 (Winters-Courter House) |
| MPS | Stone Houses of Bergen County TR |
| NRHP reference No. | 83001589 |
| NJRHP No. | 511 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | January 9, 1983 |
| Designated NJRHP | October 3, 1980 |


title: Williams number

abstract: In number theory, a Williams number base b is a natural number of the form ⋅ b n − 1 for integers b ≥ 2 and n ≥ 1. The Williams numbers base 2 are exactly the Mersenne numbers. A Williams prime is a Williams number that is prime. They were considered by Hugh C. Williams. It is conjectured that for every b ≥ 2, there are infinitely many Williams primes for base b.

text:
# Williams number

In number theory, a **Williams number base *b*** is a natural number of the form $(b-1)\cdot b^{n}-1$ for integers *b* ≥ 2 and *n* ≥ 1. The Williams numbers base 2 are exactly the Mersenne numbers.

A **Williams prime** is a Williams number that is prime. They were considered by Hugh C. Williams.

It is conjectured that for every *b* ≥ 2, there are infinitely many Williams primes for base *b*.


title: Moschettieri del Duce

abstract: The Moschettieri del Duce were an elite unit of the Volunteer Militia for National Security, who served as Benito Mussolini's honor guard at Palazzo Venezia and during military parades and Fascist ceremonies, similar to what the Corazzieri were to the King. They also provided internal security during the meetings of the Grand Council of Fascism. The corps was established on 11 February 1923; its members were chosen among the most loyal members of the MVSN and numbered 180, organized into squads of five men. Stationed in Rome, the unit was directly subordinated to the command-in-chief of the MVSN. A basic requirement to enlist in the Moschettieri was to have completed the compulsory military service as Army officers; service was voluntary and its members did not receive any pay. The Moschettieri del Duce were formally dissolved in 1940, when many of its members departed for the front after Italy's entry into World War II, but de facto continued to exist until the fall of the Fascist regime on 25 July 1943. Its last commander, from September 1936 to July 1943, was centurione (Captain), later seniore (Major), Mario D'Havet.

text:
# Moschettieri del Duce

The **Moschettieri del Duce** ("Musketeers of the Duce") were an elite unit of the Volunteer Militia for National Security, who served as Benito Mussolini's honor guard at Palazzo Venezia and during military parades and Fascist ceremonies, similar to what the Corazzieri were to the King. They also provided internal security during the meetings of the Grand Council of Fascism.

The corps was established on 11 February 1923; its members were chosen among the most loyal members of the MVSN and numbered 180, organized into squads of five men. Stationed in Rome, the unit was directly subordinated to the command-in-chief of the MVSN. A basic requirement to enlist in the *Moschettieri* was to have completed the compulsory military service as Army officers; service was voluntary and its members did not receive any pay.

The *Moschettieri del Duce* were formally dissolved in 1940, when many of its members departed for the front after Italy's entry into World War II, but de facto continued to exist until the fall of the Fascist regime on 25 July 1943. Its last commander, from September 1936 to July 1943, was *centurione* (Captain), later *seniore* (Major), Mario D'Havet.

1. "Notiziario: 2^ G.M. Milizia Volontaria Sicurezza Nazionale I Moschettieri del Duce - Associazione Nazionale Combattenti e Reduci". *combattentiereduci.it*. Retrieved 2021-10-10.
2. "XII anno della costituzione dei Moschettieri del Duce - guardia personale di Mussolini — Google Arts & Culture". *artsandculture.google.com*. Retrieved 2021-10-10.
3. "moschettière in Vocabolario". *Treccani*. Retrieved 2021-10-10.


title: Winkia neuii

abstract: Winkia neuii is a species of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria within the genus Winkia. It is known to live commensally on and within humans as part of normal, healthy microbiota of the human vagina

text:
# Winkia neuii

***Winkia neuii*** is a species of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria within the genus *Winkia*. It is known to live commensally on and within humans as part of normal, healthy microbiota of the human vagina

## InfoBox

| *Winkia neuii* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Actinomycetota |
| Class: | Actinomycetia |
| Order: | Actinomycetales |
| Family: | Actinomycetaceae |
| Genus: | *Winkia*
Nouioui et al. 2018 |
| Species: | ***W. neuii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Winkia neuii***
(Funke et al. 1994) Nouioui et al. 2018 | |
|
| Type strain | |
| 97/90
ATCC 51847
CCUG 32252
CIP 104015
DSM 8576 | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Actinomyces neuii* Funke et al. 1994 | |


title: Winkfield

abstract: Winkfield is a village and civil parish in the Bracknell Forest unitary authority of Berkshire, England.

text:
# Winkfield

**Winkfield** is a village and civil parish in the Bracknell Forest unitary authority of Berkshire, England.

## Geography

According to the 2011 census, the parish had a population of 14,998. The parish includes the hamlets of Winkfield, Maidens Green, Winkfield Row, Burleigh, Winkfield Street, Chavey Down, Woodside, Cranbourne and Swinley, part of the village of North Ascot and the Bracknell suburbs of Forest Park, Martins Heron and The Warren. The parish used to be slightly larger  additionally covering what is now Bullbrook, Crown Wood and Harmans Water  and is said to have been one of the largest in England.

## History

There is evidence of human occupation in Winkfield in prehistoric times. From the Late Iron Age, this evidence becomes more substantial, although there is as yet no hard evidence of settlement until the early Medieval era. Winkfield was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as *Wenesfelle*, and was recorded to have 20 households and 20 ploughlands, suggesting the area was a rich agricultural settlement. William the Conqueror, in establishing his home at Windsor Castle, also incorporated Winkfield into Windsor Great Park, where it would remain until the 20th century. At the west end of the village stands the Church of England church of St Mary's.

The principal lodge at Winkfield was Foliejon Park. There is some evidence that a great tower once stood in the grounds which would have been visible for many miles around Winkfield. Between March 1942 and the end of World War II in June 1945 Foliejon Park was the residence of Haakon VII of Norway and his son, Crown Prince Olav. A 15th-century former inn, the Prince of Wales on Winkfield Street, is now a private residence. Winkfield's New Lodge was the home of Princess Sophia of Gloucester, a niece of King George III. In the early 1960s, the United Kingdom aided a Canadian satellite mission Alouette 1 by providing the use of a ground station at Winkfield.

## Sport and recreation

Winkfield has a King George's Field in memory of King George V. Winkfield also has a semi-professional football team: AFC Winkfield were formed in 2019 and currently play their home games at The Timbers in nearby Virginia Water.

## Education

Winkfield Row has a local primary school, Winkfield St Mary's Church of England Primary School, and a co-educational independent preparatory school called Lambrook, for both day and boarding pupils.

Media related to Winkfield at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Winkfield | |
| --- | --- |
| Locks Ride in Winkfield Row | |
| WinkfieldLocation within Berkshire | |
| Population | 14,998 *(2011)* |
| OS grid reference | SU898711 |
| Civil parish | * Winkfield |
| Unitary authority |  |
| Ceremonial county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | WINDSOR |
| Postcode district | SL4 |
| Dialling code | 01344 |
|  | |
| Police | Thames Valley |
| Fire | Royal Berkshire |
| Ambulance | South Central |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Windows-1257

abstract: Windows-1257 is an 8-bit, single-byte extended ASCII code page used to support the Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian languages under Microsoft Windows. In Lithuania, it is standardised as LST 1590-3, alongside a modified variant named LST 1590-4. The label Windows-1257 was registered with the IANA in 1996, citing a publication of the specification in 1995 and inclusion with pan-European versions of Windows 95. The later ISO 8859-13 encoding is similar, but differs in reserving the range 0x80–9F for control characters, and accordingly locating certain quotation marks at codepoints 0xA1, 0xA5, 0xB4 and 0xFF instead. Windows-1257 is not compatible with the older ISO 8859-4 and ISO 8859-10 encodings. For the letters of the Estonian alphabet, Windows-1257 is compatible with IBM-922. IBM uses code page 1257 for Windows-1257. As with many other code pages, the languages supported in this code page can be supported in other code pages. The Estonian language can be written with Windows-1252. It is possible, but unusual, to write Polish, Slovene, Swedish, Finnish, Norwegian, Danish and German using this code page. The German specific characters will be identical to those encoded in Windows-1252. Unicode is preferred to Windows-1257 in modern applications.

text:
# Windows-1257

**Windows-1257** (Windows Baltic) is an 8-bit, single-byte extended ASCII code page used to support the Estonian (which also used in Windows-1252), Latvian and Lithuanian languages under Microsoft Windows. In Lithuania, it is standardised as **LST 1590-3**, alongside a modified variant named LST 1590-4.

The label `Windows-1257` was registered with the IANA in 1996, citing a publication of the specification in 1995 and inclusion with pan-European versions of Windows 95. The later ISO 8859-13 encoding (first published in 1998) is similar, but differs in reserving the range 0x809F for control characters, and accordingly locating certain quotation marks at codepoints 0xA1, 0xA5, 0xB4 and 0xFF instead (the latter two are used for spacing diacritics in Windows-1257). Windows-1257 is not compatible with the older ISO 8859-4 and ISO 8859-10 encodings. For the letters of the Estonian alphabet, Windows-1257 is compatible with IBM-922.

IBM uses code page 1257 (CCSID 1257, euro sign extended CCSID 5353, and the further extended CCSID 9449) for Windows-1257.

As with many other code pages, the languages supported in this code page can be supported in other code pages. The Estonian language can be written with Windows-1252. It is possible, but unusual, to write Polish, Slovene, Swedish, Finnish, Norwegian, Danish and German using this code page. The German specific characters will be identical to those encoded in Windows-1252.

Unicode is preferred to Windows-1257 in modern applications.

## Character set

The following table shows Windows-1257. Each character is shown with its Unicode equivalent in the tooltip.

Windows-1257
|  | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 0x | NUL | SOH | STX | ETX | EOT | ENQ | ACK | BEL | BS | HT | LF | VT | FF | CR | SO | SI |
| 1x | DLE | DC1 | DC2 | DC3 | DC4 | NAK | SYN | ETB | CAN | EM | SUB | ESC | FS | GS | RS | US |
| 2x | SP |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 3x |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | \< |  | \> |  |
| 4x |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 5x |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | \[ |  | \] |  |  |
| 6x | \` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 7x |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DEL |
| 8x |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 9x |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Ax | NBSP |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | SHY |  |  |
| Bx |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Cx |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Dx |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Ex |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Fx |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Unassigned   Differences from Windows-1252

## InfoBox

Windows-1257
| MIME / IANA | windows-1257 |
| --- | --- |
| Alias(es) | cp1257 (Code page 1257) |
| Language(s) | Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Latgalian, (also supports Polish, Slovene, Swedish, Finnish, Norwegian, Danish, German, English, Māori, Rotokas, Hawaiian, Niuean, Samoan, Tokelauan, Tongan, Tuvaluan, Hepburn romanization/Japanese transliteration) |
| Created by | Microsoft |
| Standard | LST 1590-3, WHATWG Encoding Standard |
| Classification | extended ASCII, Windows-125x |
| Other related encoding(s) | IBM-922, ISO 8859-13, LST 1590-4 |
|  | |


title: Mottram in Longdendale (ancient parish)

abstract: Mottram in Longdendale was one of the eight ancient parishes of the Macclesfield Hundred of Cheshire, England. Centred on St Michael and All Angels Church it included the townships of Godley, Hattersley, Hollingworth, Matley, Newton, Stayley, Tintwistle and Mottram itself. Under the Poor Law Amendment Act 1886 the townships became civil parishes in their own right.

text:
# Mottram in Longdendale (ancient parish)

53°27′32″N 2°00′43″W / 53.459°N 2.012°W / 53.459; -2.012

**Mottram in Longdendale** was one of the eight ancient parishes of the Macclesfield Hundred of Cheshire, England. Centred on St Michael and All Angels Church it included the townships of Godley, Hattersley, Hollingworth, Matley, Newton, Stayley, Tintwistle and Mottram itself. Under the Poor Law Amendment Act 1886 the townships became civil parishes in their own right.

## Inclusion in municipal boroughs

In 1857 an area of the Stayley township was incorporated as part of the newly created municipal borough of Stalybridge and in 1881 the civil parishes of Godley and Newton were incorporated as part of the new Hyde Municipal Borough. In 1885 the municipal borough of Mossley was created and included parts of Tintwistle and Stayley civil parishes.

## Boundary changes

### Local Government Act 1894

Under the Local Government Act 1894 several changes came into effect on 31 December of that year. Most of Tintwistle civil parish became part of the new Tintwistle Rural District, with the civil parishes of Hattersley and Matley forming an exclave of the district; On the same day, the new civil parish of Mossley was created and those parts of Tintwistle and Stayley that had been included in the boundaries of the Mossley municipal borough were transferred to the new parish. The rest of the area of Stayley civil parish was transferred to the new civil parish of Stalybridge. Hollingworth civil parish was incorporated as the new, single parish Hollingworth Urban District and the civil parish of Mottram itself became incorporated as the single parish Mottram Urban District.

On 1 October 1923 Godley and Newton civil parishes were abolished and their areas became part of Hyde civil parish.

### Local Government Act 1929

Under a review conducted under the Local Government Act 1929 the boundaries of Cheshire were adjusted on 1 April 1936. Hollingworth and Mottram in Longendale civil parishes and urban districts were abolished and they were both included in the new Longendale civil parish and Urban District. Hattersley and Matley civil parishes were abolished and their area, which had been an exclave of Tintwistle Rural District, were divided between Stalybridge CP, Hyde CP and the new Longendale CP. Hyde CP gained 722 acres (2.92 km2) of Hattersley and 307 acres (1.24 km2) of Matley. Longendale CP gained a total of 375 acres (1.52 km2) from Hattersley and Matley. Stalybridge CP gained 58 acres (230,000 m2) of Matley.

1. A Vision of Britain: Mottram in Longdendale Ancient Parish/Civil Parish
2. A Vision of Britain: Stalybridge municipal borough Archived 2008-04-30 at the Wayback Machine
3. A Vision of Britain: Hyde Municipal Borough Archived 2007-10-01 at the Wayback Machine
4. A Vision of Britain: Tintwistle Rural District Archived 2011-05-14 at the Wayback Machine
5. A Vision of Britain: Tintwistle Rural District boundary map
6. A Vision of Britain: Mossley civil parish
7. A Vision of Britain: Stayley Township/Civil Parish
8. A Vision of Britain: Hollingworth Urban District
9. A Vision of Britain: Godley Township/Civil Parish Archived 2007-10-01 at the Wayback Machine
10. A Vision of Britain: Longendale Urban District Archived 2012-10-25 at the Wayback Machine
11. A Vision of Britain: Hyde Civil Parish
12. A Vision of Britain: Matley Township/Civil Parish


title: Moses Bowness

abstract:
Moses Bowness (1833–1894) was a Victorian photographer, farmer, entrepreneur and poet. Born into a copper-miner's family, he built in Ambleside in the Lake District, England, the largest photographic business in Westmorland at that time. He photographed many notable people and visitors, as well as local views and residents. In May 1857 he photographed the visiting party of the young Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII. The Prince recorded this event in his diary.
From then on the reverse of his carte-de-visite say "Photographer to HRH the Prince of Wales". He trained a number of local photographers, including Charles Walmsley and Herbert Bell, whose family he photographed and who later bought his archive. He took an active part in the development of the tourist trade; built shops and lodging-houses; farmed 500 acres at Low Wray, Wray Castle, and exhibited a few views at the Royal Photographic Society in 1877. He worked with the local people to save Stock Ghyll; and gave evidence to the Parliamentary Enquiry into the Railway extension, and used some of his views to support his argument. He still found time to write poetry for the Ambleside Herald. His first wife was the widow of a local builder; his second the daughter and heiress of Josiah Hudleston, member of the East India Company and noted musician. Moses became acquainted with the eccentric 'Poet Close' in 1860 and they helped each other's businesses in that Moses photographed him and sold his books, while John Close wrote about and advertised his studio in his various pamphlets and books. The picture shows the many buildings connected with his business. He built his lodging house, Vale View - now The Churchill Hotel - on the land in the foreground. Some of his sitters include Wordsworth's younger relatives and are now in the Wordsworth Trust; William Edward Forster and Harriet Martineau are both in the National Portrait Gallery; and Charlotte Mason is in the Armitt The National Portrait Gallery, The Wordsworth Trust at Grasmere; the Armitt Museum in Ambleside, and Kendal Local Studies Centre all own a number of his photographs. Others are in private hands. Moses Bowness, Victorian Photographer 1834-1894 Moses Bowness Photographer, Farmer, Entrepreneur, Poet. Born. 1833 in Coniston to John Bowness & Jane née Mossop. Married. 1st Isabella Slater. 2nd. Helena Hudleston. Died. 23 April 1894. Buried in his family grave in Coniston Some Examples of his work

text:
# Moses Bowness

**Moses Bowness** (1833–1894) was a Victorian photographer, farmer, entrepreneur and poet.

Born into a copper-miner's family, he built in Ambleside in the Lake District, England, the largest photographic business in Westmorland at that time. He photographed many notable people and visitors, as well as local views and residents. In May 1857 he photographed the visiting party of the young Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII. The Prince recorded this event in his diary. From then on the reverse of his carte-de-visite say "Photographer to HRH the Prince of Wales".

He trained a number of local photographers, including Charles Walmsley and Herbert Bell, whose family he photographed and who later bought his archive.

He took an active part in the development of the tourist trade; built shops and lodging-houses; farmed 500 acres at Low Wray, Wray Castle, and exhibited a few views at the Royal Photographic Society in 1877. He worked with the local people to save Stock Ghyll; and gave evidence to the Parliamentary Enquiry into the Railway extension, and used some of his views to support his argument. He still found time to write poetry for the Ambleside Herald.

His first wife was the widow of a local builder; his second the daughter and heiress of Josiah Hudleston, member of the East India Company and noted musician.

Moses became acquainted with the eccentric 'Poet Close' in 1860 and they helped each other's businesses in that Moses photographed him and sold his books, while John Close wrote about and advertised his studio in his various pamphlets and books.

*The picture shows the many buildings connected with his business. He built his lodging house, Vale View - now The Churchill Hotel - on the land in the foreground* .

Some of his sitters include Wordsworth's younger relatives and are now in the Wordsworth Trust;

William Edward Forster and Harriet Martineau are both in the National Portrait Gallery; and Charlotte Mason is in the Armitt

The National Portrait Gallery, The Wordsworth Trust at Grasmere; the Armitt Museum in Ambleside, and Kendal Local Studies Centre all own a number of his photographs. Others are in private hands.

**Moses Bowness, Victorian Photographer 1834-1894**

**Moses Bowness** *Photographer, Farmer, Entrepreneur, Poet.*

***Born.*** 1833 in Coniston to John Bowness & Jane née Mossop.

***Married**.* 1st Isabella Slater. 2nd. Helena Hudleston.

***Died**.* 23 April 1894. Buried in his family grave in Coniston

**Some Examples of his work**

## Printed references

* Academic article in the Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archaeological Society. CWAAS 2009 Vol IX. pp 225–231. with footnotes and references.“Moses Bowness, Photographer, and the Promotion of Tourism in the Nineteenth Century.”.
* Ambleside Herald 1880 *various weeks - poems by MB.*
* "Poet Close Christmas Books" 1870,71,72 (Kirby Stephen. John Close)
* "Victorian Lakeland Photographers" by Stephen F.Kelly pub. Shrewsbury, Swan Hill 1991 *"Says '. . that we shall never know, for instance, about Moses Bowness who trained a number of fine lakeland photographers'.*
* Royal Windsor Archive RAVIC/MAIN/EV11D/1857 May 9–20.
* Westmorland Gazette 16th & 23 May 1857 The Prince of Wales in the Lake District.
* Westmorland Gazette 28 April 1894 Obituary & Inquest.


title: Windsor School (Queens)

abstract: The Windsor School is a private junior and senior high school located in Flushing, Queens, enrolling students in grades 7–12. It is a day school for local and international students. The school certified by the Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP) to issue the Form I-20, which gives a student the opportunity to apply for a F-1 Visa. It is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools and is a member of the New York State Association of Independent Schools (NYSAIS) and NY Parents League. The academic program includes Advanced Placement (AP) classes, many electives in English and Social Sciences, and the opportunity for students to join the school's top-ranked New York Mathematics League math team. The art department offers students the opportunity to take Advanced Placement (AP) Studio Art: Drawing or 2-D Design, in addition to creative crafts and experimental art electives. The athletics department includes soccer, tennis, basketball, and track and field. The school's athletes compete in the Metro League, which comprises private schools throughout the New York City metropolitan area. During the 1990s Windsor topped the NYS Math League, tying Stuyvesant and Christ the King. They also have had the highest average ACT scores. The founder, Martin A Cohen taught at Queens College and authored the plastic "Study Guides" that covered mathematics. Both Cohen (mathematics) and Co-founder Phillip A Stewart were department heads at Bayside High School when student AND teacher turmoil drove them to go on their own. The Free Synagogue of Flushing underwent turmoil of its own and split off to form Young Israel of Fresh Meadows, whereby their newly built school building was vacant during the day, giving Windsor an inexpensive new building to rent at a very low rate. Early on, Windsor School faced issues with labor organizers and so would only hire teachers for one year at a time. Windsor's founders were closely aligned with the school discipline movement of Howard Hurwitz and Genevieve Sanchez-Klein, the latter having worked for Cohen and run for Assembly in Bayside.. Windsor also donated heavily to the Flushing Boys Club and so was allowed to use the facilities for gym classes two afternoons a week. Cohen would love to preach his teaching methods, even to students and strangers. He often confided he could afford to pay competitive salaries but not benefits. So, he developed a superb teacher training method and was bursting with pride about his former teachers becoming department head and principals elsewhere - as they, too were his students. A former student who went on to study for the MBA in the Ivy Leagues remarked that everything Tom Peters wrote in "In Search of Excellence", was practiced by Windsor.

text:
# Windsor School (Queens)

The **Windsor School** is a private junior and senior high school located in Flushing, Queens, enrolling students in grades 7–12. It is a day school for local and international students.

The school certified by the Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP) to issue the Form I-20, which gives a student the opportunity to apply for a F-1 Visa. It is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools and is a member of the New York State Association of Independent Schools (NYSAIS) and NY Parents League.

The academic program includes Advanced Placement (AP) classes, many electives in English and Social Sciences, and the opportunity for students to join the school's top-ranked New York Mathematics League math team. The art department offers students the opportunity to take Advanced Placement (AP) Studio Art: Drawing or 2-D Design, in addition to creative crafts and experimental art electives.

The athletics department includes soccer, tennis, basketball, and track and field. The school's athletes compete in the Metro League, which comprises private schools throughout the New York City metropolitan area.

During the 1990s Windsor topped the NYS Math League, tying Stuyvesant and Christ the King. They also have had the highest average ACT scores. The founder, Martin A Cohen taught at Queens College and authored the plastic "Study Guides" that covered mathematics. Both Cohen (mathematics) and Co-founder Phillip A Stewart (social studies) were department heads at Bayside High School when student AND teacher turmoil drove them to go on their own. The Free Synagogue of Flushing underwent turmoil of its own and split off to form Young Israel of Fresh Meadows, whereby their newly built school building was vacant during the day, giving Windsor an inexpensive new building to rent at a very low rate. Early on, Windsor School faced issues with labor organizers (199 N.L.R.B. 457 1972) and so would only hire teachers for one year at a time. Windsor's founders were closely aligned with the school discipline movement of Howard Hurwitz and Genevieve Sanchez-Klein, the latter having worked for Cohen and run for Assembly in Bayside. (See The Best of Hurwitz on Education, 1991). Windsor also donated heavily to the Flushing Boys Club and so was allowed to use the facilities for gym classes two afternoons a week. Cohen would love to preach his teaching methods, even to students and strangers. He often confided he could afford to pay competitive salaries but not benefits. So, he developed a superb teacher training method and was bursting with pride about his former teachers becoming department head and principals elsewhere - as they, too were his students. A former student who went on to study for the MBA in the Ivy Leagues remarked that everything Tom Peters wrote in "In Search of Excellence", was practiced by Windsor.

## InfoBox

| The Windsor School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 37-02 Main St
Flushing, Queens, NY 11354
USA | |
| Coordinates | 40°45′27″N 73°49′40″W / 40.7574°N 73.8278°W / 40.7574; -73.8278 |
| Information | |
| Type | College preparatory secondary school |
| Established | 1969 |
| Principal | James DeFeo |
| Enrollment | 125 (as of 2022-2023) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 15:1 |
| Color(s) | Royal Blue and White |
| Team name | Windsor Knights |
| Information | 718-359-8300 |
| Website | School website |


title: Windsor Senior Masters

abstract: The Windsor Senior Masters was a men's senior professional golf tournament on the European Seniors Tour, held at the Windsor Golf and Country Club, Kenya, north of the Nairobi, partly in Nairobi County and partly in Kiambu County. It was held just once, in March/April 1995, and was won by Brian Huggett who finished a shot ahead of Antonio Garrido.

text:
# Windsor Senior Masters

The **Windsor Senior Masters** was a men's senior (over 50) professional golf tournament on the European Seniors Tour, held at the Windsor Golf and Country Club, Kenya, north of the Nairobi, partly in Nairobi County and partly in Kiambu County. It was held just once, in March/April 1995, and was won by Brian Huggett who finished a shot ahead of Antonio Garrido.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Score | To par | Margin of<br>victory | Runner-up |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1995 | Brian Huggett | 209 | −7 | 1 stroke | Antonio Garrido |

## InfoBox

Windsor Senior Masters
| Tournament information | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Nairobi, Kenya |
| Established | 1995 |
| Course(s) | Windsor Golf and Country Club |
| Par | 72 |
| Tour(s) | European Seniors Tour |
| Format | Stroke play |
| Prize fund | 54,000 |
| Month played | July |
| Final year | 1995 |
| Tournament record score | |
| Aggregate | 209 Brian Huggett (1995) |
| To par | −7 *as above* |
| Final champion | |
| Brian Huggett | |
| Location map | |
| Windsor G&CCLocation in Kenya | |


title: Winsen, Schleswig-Holstein

abstract: Winsen is a municipality in the district of Segeberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

text:
# Winsen, Schleswig-Holstein

**Winsen** (German pronunciation: \[ˈvɪnzn̩\] ) is a municipality in the district of Segeberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

## InfoBox

| Winsen | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Location of Winsen within Segeberg district | |
| Winsen Winsen | |
| Coordinates: 53°49′56″N 10°0′42″E / 53.83222°N 10.01167°E / 53.83222; 10.01167 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Schleswig-Holstein |
| District | Segeberg |
| Municipal assoc. | Kisdorf |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Kurt Bonekamp |
| Area | |
| Total | 4.08 km2 (1.58 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 37 m (121 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 352 |
| Density | 86/km2 (220/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 24568 |
| Dialling codes | 04191 |
| Vehicle registration | SE |
| Website | www.winsen-holstein.de |


abstract: The Winter Garden Historic Residential District is a U.S. historic district in Winter Garden, Florida. It is bounded by Plant, Boyd, Tilden, and Central Streets, encompasses approximately 250 acres (1.0 km⁲), and contains 76 historic buildings. On August 1, 1996, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

text:
# Winter Garden Historic Residential District

The **Winter Garden Historic Residential District** is a U.S. historic district in Winter Garden, Florida. It is bounded by Plant, Boyd, Tilden, and Central Streets, encompasses approximately 250 acres (1.0 km2), and contains 76 historic buildings. On August 1, 1996, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Winter Garden Historic Residential District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
| House in the district | |
|  | |
| Location | Winter Garden, Florida |
| Coordinates | 28°34′1″N 81°35′25″W / 28.56694°N 81.59028°W / 28.56694; -81.59028 |
| Area | 250 acres (1.0 km2) |
| Architect | George H.Spohn |
| Architectural style | Bungalow/Craftsman, Prairie School, Colonial Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 96000849 |
| Added to NRHP | August 1, 1996 |


title: Mount Bolle

abstract: Mount Bolle is a peak which rises above Larsen Cliffs, 3 nautical miles (6 km) south of Kyrkjeskipet Peak, in the eastern Muhlig-Hofmann Mountains of Queen Maud Land. The name "Bolle-Berg" after Herbert Bolle, aviation supervisor of the expedition, was applied in this area by the German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39) under Alfred Ritscher. The correlation of the name with this peak may be arbitrary, but it is recommended for the sake of international uniformity and historical continuity.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Mount Bolle". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

text:
# Mount Bolle

**Mount Bolle** (71°54′S 6°50′E / 71.900°S 6.833°E / -71.900; 6.833) is a peak (2,685 m) which rises above Larsen Cliffs, 3 nautical miles (6 km) south of Kyrkjeskipet Peak, in the eastern Muhlig-Hofmann Mountains of Queen Maud Land. The name "Bolle-Berg" after Herbert Bolle, aviation supervisor of the expedition, was applied in this area by the German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39) under Alfred Ritscher. The correlation of the name with this peak may be arbitrary, but it is recommended for the sake of international uniformity and historical continuity.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Mount Bolle". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.


title: Wing Toy

abstract: Wing Toy is a 1921 American silent drama film directed by Howard M. Mitchell and starring Shirley Mason, Raymond McKee, Edward McWade, Harry Northrup, and Betty Schade. The film was released by Fox Film Corporation on January 30, 1921.

text:
# Wing Toy

***Wing Toy*** is a 1921 American silent drama film directed by Howard M. Mitchell and starring Shirley Mason, Raymond McKee, Edward McWade, Harry Northrup, and Betty Schade. The film was released by Fox Film Corporation on January 30, 1921.

## Plot

## Cast

## Preservation

The film is now considered lost.

## InfoBox

| Wing Toy | |
| --- | --- |
| Advertisement for the *Wing Toy*, on page 9 of the Exhibitors Herald (February 5, 1921) | |
| Directed by | Howard M. Mitchell |
| Written by | Thomas Dixon Jr. |
| Story by | Pearl Doles Bell |
| Starring | Shirley Mason
Raymond McKee
Edward McWade
Harry Northrup
Betty Schade |
| Cinematography | Glen MacWilliams |
| Production
company | Fox Film Corporation |
| Distributed by | Fox Film Corporation |
| Release date | * January 30, 1921 (1921-01-30) |
| Running time | 6 reels |
| Country | United States |
| Languages | Silent film
(English intertitles) |


title: Wings Over Europe (play)

abstract: Wings Over Europe was a 1928 Broadway three-act play written by Robert Nichols and Maurice Browne, produced by the Theatre Guild and directed by Rouben Mamoulian. It opened on December 10, 1928 at the Martin Beck Theatre and then moved to the Alvin Theatre sometime in 1929 running for 90 total performances. Young British genius Francis Lightfoot has discovered how to make terrible bombs using the atom. He's soon dismayed by the greed and militarism of the British cabinet members.

text:
# Wings Over Europe (play)

***Wings Over Europe*** was a 1928 Broadway three-act play written by Robert Nichols and Maurice Browne, produced by the Theatre Guild and directed by Rouben Mamoulian. It opened on December 10, 1928 at the Martin Beck Theatre and then moved to the Alvin Theatre sometime in 1929 running for 90 total performances.

Young British genius Francis Lightfoot has discovered how to make terrible bombs using the atom. He's soon dismayed by the greed and militarism of the British cabinet members.

## Cast

## Accolades

*Wings Over Europe* was included in Burns Mantle's *The Best Plays of 1928–29*.

## InfoBox

| Wings Over Europe | |
| --- | --- |
| Written by | Robert Nichols and Maurice Browne |
| Date premiered | December 10, 1928 |
| Place premiered | Martin Beck Theatre, New York City, New York |
| Original language | English |
| Genre | drama |
| Setting | 10 Downing Street, London |


title: Wireless Set Number 11

abstract: The Wireless Set Number 11, or WS No. 11, was a radio set designed for the British Army in 1938. It was designed to replace the 1933 Wireless Set No. 1 which had been found inadequate for a number of reasons. Like the No. 1, it was designed to be used in fixed locations like regimental field headquarters, as well as in vehicles and tanks. Some No. 11s were produced between 1938 and 1940 before they, too, were considered inadequate. A smaller production run in Canada was also completed by Canadian Marconi and used both by Canadian and British forces. The No. 11 was replaced in tanks by the significantly more capable Wireless Set No. 19, while the No. 11 went on to be used by many others, notably the Long Range Desert Group.

text:
# Wireless Set Number 11

The **Wireless Set Number 11**, or **WS No. 11**, was a radio set designed for the British Army in 1938. It was designed to replace the 1933 Wireless Set No. 1 which had been found inadequate for a number of reasons. Like the No. 1, it was designed to be used in fixed locations like regimental field headquarters, as well as in vehicles and tanks.

Some No. 11s were produced between 1938 and 1940 before they, too, were considered inadequate. A smaller production run in Canada was also completed by Canadian Marconi and used both by Canadian and British forces. The No. 11 was replaced in tanks by the significantly more capable Wireless Set No. 19, while the No. 11 went on to be used by many others, notably the Long Range Desert Group.

## History

The No. 11 set, a radio transceiver featuring a single tuning unit, was designed in 1938 to replace the 1933 Wireless Set No. 1. Originally designed to be used in tanks for short- and medium-range communications, it was later used by the Long Range Desert Group in Libya and Tunisia for long-range communications while deep behind enemy lines. The Germans reportedly captured several sets in France and put them to use for their own communication needs. The set was also manufactured in Australia by AWA with different valves and alterations to its circuitry.

## Specifications

* Power: Batteries or 6 V or 12 V mains supply
* RF output: 0.6 W to 4.5 W
* Communication range: Approximately 3 to 20 miles (5 to 32 km) using 6-foot (1.8 m) or 9-foot (2.7 m) aerials.
* Dimensions: 8.5 by 19.5 by 12 inches (22 cm × 50 cm × 30 cm)
* Weight: 43 pounds (20 kg); complete low and high power stations weigh 180 pounds (82 kg) and 216 pounds (98 kg).
* Control: Direct or remote, enabling operation at 400 m (440 yd) and a remote aerial at up to 10 m (11 yd)
* Frequency range: 4.5 to 7.1 MHz


title: Moydow

abstract: Moydow is a village on the outskirts of Longford town in County Longford, Ireland. Moydow contains an old disused post office, a disused schoolhouse used as a community centre, two pubs, a Roman Catholic church and a disused Church of Ireland church.

text:
# Moydow

**Moydow** (Irish: *Maigh Dumha*, meaning 'plain of the mound') is a village on the outskirts of Longford town in County Longford, Ireland.

Moydow contains an old disused post office, a disused schoolhouse used as a community centre, two pubs, a Roman Catholic church and a disused Church of Ireland church.

## History

Moydow was once part of a territory known as Tethbae. The barony was formed from the territories of Clanawlye (Ardagh and Moydow), and parts of the territories of Moybrawne (Taghshinny parish), Clanconnor (part Kilcommock, part Cashel parishes), and Muintergalgan.

Its ancient name was Cill-Modhint after St. Modhint's church, which was destroyed by fire in 1155. Also in this area are the ruins of the oldest nunnery in Ireland.

According to the *History of County Longford* (published 1898), in 858 BC an army composed of Lagenians, Connacians, and the southern Hy Nialls, marched to Fiachla, under the conduct of Mael-saghlin, the son of Maelrony, and encamped at Moydumha, in the vicinity of Ardagh.

The ancient name of this parish was Kilmodhain, or Kilmacdhumha, so called from being the *kil* or cell of St. Modhain, or Modiud the Simple, whose feast is celebrated on 12 February, according to the *Lives of the Saints*. St. Modan lived about the year 591, when he was made a bishop of Carnfurbuidhe. He had erected the Priory of Moydow, no ruins of which now exist. It is said that one Brclaus, a disciple and presbyter of St. Patrick, was a presbyter here for some time after its erection. O'Donovan says this was one of the oldest priories in Ireland.

The parish comprises 45,771 statute acres, of which about 1,203 are bog. A peculiar kind of stone, called *puddingstone*, is found on the isolated mountain of Slieve Gouldry, on the southern confines of the parish, and there is a quarry of freestone, which was worked for flags.

### Folklore

A nearby mountain, known as Slieve Gauldry or Castlerea Mountain, was in ancient times called Brigh Leath (Bri Leath). A legend about it appears in the *Book of Tara*. A comely chieftain's son, named Leath, loved Bri, the beautiful daughter of a powerful chief who lived on this hill, then called Tu Uynahearinaghtrihi. Leath came with his servants to Midir and approached her father, asking for Bri's hand. Midir refused to give her away, whereupon a fight ensued, and Leath was killed. Bri, who had fled her father's house, returned and died of a broken heart.

### Saint Cremhthann of Moydow

Extracts relating to Saint Cremtand or Saint Cremhthann of Moydow can be found in the book *Lives of the Irish Saints* by John O'Hanlon, published 1923.

## Built heritage

### Moydow Castle

At the foot of the Slieve Gauldry Hills, one mile from Moydow Village, is a ruined castle. Moydow Castle has been in the ownership of the Higgins family of the adjacent Castlerea House for the last 100 years. There is a chalybeate spring here too but is not used for medicinal purposes. According to records, in 1260, John de Verdon built the castle at Moydow, immediately behind Bawn House. By 1295, Sefraid O fergail had destroyed it. This castle was levelled at the same time as Barry and Camagh castles. As of the 14th and 16th centuries, it was again occupied, according to records.

The castle itself is constructed on solid ground with rock walls two feet thick. On the righthand side of the structure is an arched doorway. Inside, on the ceiling above the inside doorway, there is a hole about a foot square. Common to many castles, including this type of tower castle, the opening is for viewing from above those entering the castle below. This opening, called a "murder hole," is used to stop unwelcome guests before they can proceed any further inside. By comparing this castle to other similar tower castles, we can assume that the lower floor was mainly a gathering place. The second floor was likely the dining area, the third floor the kitchen and the upper floors for sleeping.

### Bawn House

Another notable residence was Bawn House, near Moydow, now derelict. It was the home of the Monfort family for most of the eighteenth century and then passed to Caleb Barnes Harman, a land agent on the Harman family estate. He was fatally shot during a robbery at the house in January 1796.

Immediately behind Bawn House stand the ruins of the ancient Castle of Moydow, or Moydumha. Some people suppose that these ruins formed the old Priory of St. Modiud the Simple, but this is not the case. The ruins now standing were surrounded by a deep fortified moat, and the building itself consisted of the usual tower and square keep. This, in fact, was the ancient castle of the Lord of Moydumha, sacked in the thirteenth century at the time that Barry and Camagh Castles were levelled.

There is a tragic story told in connexion with this house. In 1770 the Whiteboys were strong in numbers and determined in action all over Ireland. As history tells, they were first called "Levellers," from the fact of their assembling at night and letting the fences with which the landlords endeavoured to enclose certain commons that had previously belonged to the people. But the pent-up agony of a long persecuted race having once found vent was not to be easily crushed, and for a period of twenty years the Whiteboys were the only protection the unfortunate Catholics had in their troubles. These men, most of whom banded together for the one noble object—to relieve their distressed condition—when going to perform any act of violence, blackened their faces and put on a white shirt over their dress as a disguise, from which they were called "Whiteboys." For many years they, by the very terror of their name, restrained the landlords and agents who were inclined to oppress the people—which was most essential to the very existence of the latter; and when they were at length condemned by church priests, it was because unscrupulous persons had, by bloody acts, turned the association to their own base purposes.

About the year 1780 there lived in Bawn House a certain Captain Barnes, agent over several estates in the neighbourhood of Moydow, and famed among the people as an uncompromising exterminator of the tenants, whom he ruled with a rod of iron. On a certain November night after collecting the rents of his estates, he was engaged upstairs with his clerk in counting his money and making out his accounts. While thus engaged, a thundering summons came to the front door, and immediately divining the cause, Barnes and his clerk piled up a lot of furniture on the main stairway, first locking the room in which the money was left. The summons to open the door not being answered, the men, who were Whiteboys that had previously committed several acts of violence in the neighbourhood, burst it in with a tree log, which they used as a ram, and were about to rush upstairs when Barnes fired down on them. The shot did not kill anyone, and the leader of the party, seeing Barnes about to fire again, immediately took aim and shot him dead on the top of the stairs. The rest then ran up and knocked the clerk on the head, leaving him senseless, whilst they entered Barnes' office and abstracted every penny he had received that day. The military authorities hearing of the attack, turned out next day from Longford and captured a dozen of men, of whom several were hanged on the evidence of an informer, who did not receive any of the money taken from Barnes, and turned king's evidence on that account.

### Mount Jessop

Extract from History of County Longford (1891):

> Another family worthy of notice, in days past, were the Jessops, not of Doory Hall, but of Mount Jessop. They were owners of a fine tract of ground in Moydow, which they lost by their inveterate passion for gambling about some years ago. They are said to have become possessed of the estate in a curious way. It is told that one day, during the plantation regime, there came a discharged soldier to the town of Longford, who asked to be shown certain portions of land in Moydow which he was after being granted for his services to the Parliament. The man that met him was a butler in the local inn in Longford, who was possessed of some money; and he volunteered to show the discharged trooper the lands. He conducted him up to the top of Castlerea, or Slieve Gauldry Mountain, and pointed out to him the bleakest and most uninviting portions of that sterile hill. The man was much disgusted with the prospect before him, and said if he saw any man who would give him £5 and a horse to carry him to Dublin, he would sell him his right to the lands. The butler took him at his word, handed him out the money, and got him a horse, and in return received the title-deeds of a property which he converted into the Mount Jessop Estate, being the first of its owners himself. "Ill got, ill gone," is, however, an old maxim, and the last owner of the lands put them beyond his reach for ever, by risking them on a game of cards at a ball in the Military Barracks of Longford, and losing them, as well as every penny he was possessed of, in one night. The young Francis Jessop, of Mount Jessop, committed suicide whilst High Sheriff of County Longford (1836).

### Abbeyderg Monastery

Extract from History of County Longford, published 1891:

> Distant about five miles (8 km) due south from Longford, is the Cemetery of Abbey Dearg, in which stands the crumbling ruins of what was once a priory for Regular Canons of the Order of St. Augustine. This priory was founded about the year 1205, by Grormgal O'Quinn, Lord of Rath-cline, and was dedicated to St. Peter; and in 1217, the first abbot of the monastery, Osin by name, died and was interred here. On the death of Brendan Jifagodaig, Bishop of Ardagh, in 1255, his remains also were interred in this priory, which continued to exist until 1550, when it was suppressed, and the buildings and land, to the value of £2 annually, Irish money, were bestowed on one Nicholas Alymor, an English soldier. The existing ruins of, the Abbey of Dearg prove it to have been a most perfect monastic structure. The plate which is not a very perfect one, owing to the entire demolition of the main walls of the building, and the complete covering of the walls, showing the eastern and southern window by a thick coat of impenetrable ivy. The ruins have been examined minutely, and the conclusion is that it consisted of a main chancel (of chapel), vestry, dining-room, dormitory, and a number of cells. The principal walls of all, except the southern and eastern portion of the chancel, are now demolished to a height of two or three feet.

### Moydow COI Church

The Church of Ireland church is a small plain building without a tower, erected about 80 years since, and was repaired in 1831, by aid of a loan of £50. Thomas Jessop born 1741, inherited Mount Jessop from his brother in 1784. He presented a bell; value £10.12.0, to Moydow Church, which may be the one still in use. He died 24 April 1825, and was buried at Moydow cc38-9

The church was abandoned in 1987, and remains empty.

### Catholic church and school

The Catholic church is located in the cente of the Moydow village and the date stone on the front of the building states 1838. Moydow and Ardagh are part of the same parish and the parish priest's residence is located in Ardagh. A former national school (date stone 1880) is located beside the church. The school closed in the 1960s and is currently used as a community center.

## Transport

Bus Éireann route 466 serves the village on Saturday afternoons only. There is no morning journey, so it is not possible to travel into Longford and back on the same day.

## Local townlands

Aghinaspick, Aughine, Ballinvoher, Barroe, Bawn, Bawn Mountain, Bunalough, Castlerea, Castlerea Mountain, Cloghan, Cloonevit, Cloonker, Cloonmucker, Commock, Curraghmore, Garranboy, Keelogalabaun, Lisgurry, Meeltanagh, Mollyroe, Monascallaghan, Mountjessop, Moydow Glebe, Nappagh, Toneen.

## Census records

The 1639 Census showed that McGiff was a principal name in Moydow. McGiff Cross is still an area of Moydow in Longford.

By order of the Governors of Ireland, a census of this Ireland was taken in the year 1659, when the population of the Moydow barony was found to be laid out as follows: There were 182 Irish and 4 English. The principal Irish families were : – The Caseys, 12 people; Oormicks and MacCormicks, 19; Donlans, 7; Dooners, 5; Duffs, 6; Farrells, 23; Kennys, 16; Morrows, 7; Powers, 6; Keegans, 7; and M'Evoys, 6. The local gentry were : – Thomas Newcomen, of Ballinamore; and "Walter Tuite, of Castlereagh.

1660 The McGaver Family.

Flax growers in Moydow & Longford – 1796.

## Further reading

* Sharp, James A. (1852). *A New Gazetteer or Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands and Narrow Seas*. Oxford University.
* Sweetman, David (2000). *Medieval Castles of Ireland*. Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-788-2.
* Smith, Brendan (1999). *Biographical account of John de Verdon. Extracted from Colonisation and Conquest in Medieval Ireland: The English in Louth, 1170–1330*. ISBN 0-521-57320-3.
* Perry, Paul (2003). *The Drowning of the Saints: A Poem*. Salmon. p. 76. ISBN 9781903392348.

## InfoBox

| Moydow *Maigh Dumha* | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Moydow (Castlerea) Castle | |
| MoydowLocation in Ireland | |
| Coordinates: 53°39′50″N 7°47′17″W / 53.664°N 7.788°W / 53.664; -7.788 | |
| Country | Ireland |
| Province | Leinster |
| County | County Longford |
| Elevation | 82 m (269 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (WET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-1 (IST (WEST)) |
| Irish Grid Reference | N256719 |


title: NUPACK

abstract: The Nucleic Acid Package (NUPACK) is a growing software suite for the analysis and design of nucleic acid systems. Jobs can be run online on the NUPACK webserver or NUPACK source code can be downloaded and compiled locally for non-commercial academic use. NUPACK algorithms are formulated in terms of nucleic acid secondary structure. In most cases, pseudoknots are excluded from the structural ensemble.

text:
# NUPACK

The **Nucleic Acid Package** (**NUPACK**) is a growing software suite for the analysis and design of nucleic acid systems. Jobs can be run online on the NUPACK webserver or NUPACK source code can be downloaded and compiled locally for non-commercial academic use. NUPACK algorithms are formulated in terms of nucleic acid secondary structure. In most cases, pseudoknots are excluded from the structural ensemble.

## Secondary structure model

The secondary structure of multiple interacting strands is defined by a list of base pairs. A polymer graph for a secondary structure can be constructed by ordering the strands around a circle, drawing the backbones in succession from 5’ to 3’ around the circumference with a nick between each strand, and drawing straight lines connecting paired bases. A secondary structure is pseudoknotted if every strand ordering corresponds to a polymer graph with crossing lines. A secondary structure is connected if no subset of the strands is free of the others. Algorithms are formulated in terms of ordered complexes, each corresponding to the structural ensemble of all connected polymer graphs with no crossing lines for a particular ordering of a set of strands. The free energy of an unpseudoknotted secondary structure is calculated using nearest-neighbor empirical parameters for RNA in 1M Na+ or for DNA in user-specified Na+ and Mg++ concentrations; added parameters are employed for the analysis of pseudoknots (single RNA strands only).

## Web server

### Analysis

The Analysis page allows users to analyze the thermodynamic properties of a dilute solution of interacting nucleic acid strands in the absence of pseudoknots (e.g., a test tube of DNA or RNA strand species). For a dilute solution containing multiple strand species interacting to form multiple species of ordered complexes, NUPACK calculates for each ordered complex:

including rigorous treatment of distinguishability issues that arise in the multi-stranded setting.

### Design

The Design page allows users to design sequences for one or more strands intended to adopt an unpseudoknotted target secondary structure at equilibrium. Sequence design is formulated as an optimization problem with the goal of reducing the ensemble defect below a user-specified stop condition. For a candidate sequence and a given target secondary structure, the ensemble defect is the average number of incorrectly paired over the structural ensemble of the ordered complex. For a target secondary structure with N nucleotides, the algorithm seeks to achieve an ensemble defect below N/100. Empirically, the design algorithm exhibits asymptotic optimality as N increases: for sufficiently large N, the cost of sequence design is typically only 4/3 the cost of a single evaluation of the ensemble defect.

### Utilities

The Utilities page allows users to evaluate, display, and annotate the equilibrium properties of a complex of interacting nucleic acid strands. The page accepts as input either sequence information, structure information, or both, performing diverse functions based on the information provided, including automatic layout and rendering of secondary structures with or without ideal helical geometry. In either case, the structure layout can be edited dynamically within the web application.

## Implementation

The NUPACK web application is programmed within the Ruby on Rails framework, employing Ajax and the Dojo Toolkit to implement dynamic features and interactive graphics. Plots and graphics are generated using NumPy and matplotlib. The site is supported on current versions of the web browsers Safari, Chrome, and Firefox. The NUPACK library of analysis and design algorithms is written in the programming language . Dynamic programs are parallelized using Message Passing Interface (MPI).

## Terms of use

The NUPACK web server and NUPACK source code are provided for non-commercial research purposes and is with this restriction not Free and open source software.

## Funding

NUPACK development is funded by the National Science Foundation via the Molecular Programming Project and by the Beckman Institute at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech).

## InfoBox

NUPACK
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Created by | The NUPACK Team at Caltech |
| URL | www.nupack.org |
| Commercial | No |
| Registration | Optional |