title: Weston Lullingfields

abstract: Weston Lullingfields is a village in Shropshire, England. It is located about 15 km north west of Shrewsbury. The population as taken at the 2011 census can be found under Baschurch.

text:
# Weston Lullingfields

**Weston Lullingfields** is a village in Shropshire, England. It is located about 15 km north west of Shrewsbury. The population as taken at the 2011 census can be found under Baschurch.

## Etymology

The village name 'Weston' is a common one in England. It is Anglo Saxon in origin and means 'west farm'.

## Canal

Weston Lullingfields was a terminus of a branch of the Ellesmere Canal known as the Weston Branch. The canal was originally intended to continue on to Shrewsbury, but was never completed as intended. At Weston Lullingfields the canal company built a wharf, four lime kilns, a public house, stables, a clerk's house and weighing machine. These were opened in 1797 and closed in 1917 when the Weston branch was closed following a breach of the canal.

Media related to Weston Lullingfields at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Weston Lullingfields | |
| --- | --- |
| The old vicarage and village church (turret visible behind the house) at Weston Lullingfields | |
| Weston LullingfieldsLocation within Shropshire | |
| OS grid reference | SJ426248 |
| Civil parish |  |
| Unitary authority |  |
| Ceremonial county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | SHREWSBURY |
| Postcode district | SY4 |
| Dialling code | 01939 |
|  | |
| Police | West Mercia |
| Fire | Shropshire |
| Ambulance | West Midlands |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: My Friend the Wind

abstract: "My Friend The Wind" is a song by Greek singer Demis Roussos. It was released as a single in 1973. The song was included on Roussos' 1973 album Forever and Ever.

text:
# My Friend the Wind

"**My Friend The Wind**" is a song by Greek singer Demis Roussos. It was released as a single in 1973.

The song was included on Roussos' 1973 album *Forever and Ever*.

## Background and writing

The song was written by Alec R. Costandinos and Stélios Vlavianós. The recording was produced by Demis Roussos.

There is also a Spanish-language version, titled "Mi amigo el viento".

## Commercial performance

The song reached no. 1 in the Netherlands and Belgium (Flanders).

## Track listings

**7" single Philips 6009 388** (1973, Germany)
**7" single RTB / Philips S 53.713** (1973, Yugoslavia)

A. "My Friend The Wind" (3:58) B. "Lay It Down" (3:45)

**7" single Philips 6009 416** (1973, Netherlands)

A. "My Friend The Wind" (3:54) B. "Someday Somewhere" (3:06)

**7" single Philips 6042 468** (1979, Austria)

A. "My Friend The Wind" (3:50) B. "My Reason" (3:59)

## Charts

## Covers

Engelbert Humperdinck covered the song on his 1974 covers album also titles *My Friend the Wind* on Decca Records. Croatian tenor Nenad Kero also did a cover of the song in 1996, released under the title "Daleko mi najdraži dom".

## InfoBox

| "My Friend The Wind" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Demis Roussos | |
| from the album  *Forever and Ever* | |
| Released | 1973 (1973) |
| Label | Philips |
| Songwriter(s) | Alec R. Costandinos, Stélios Vlavianós |
| Producer(s) | Demis Roussos |
| Demis Roussos singles chronology | |
| "Forever and Ever" /
"Velvet Mornings"
(1973) "**My Friend The Wind**"
(1973) "Schönes Mädchen aus Arcadia"
(1973) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "My Friend the Wind" (*TopPop*, 1973) on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Mymensingh-7

abstract: Mymensingh-7 is a constituency represented in the Jatiya Sangsad of Bangladesh since 2024 by independent ABM Anisuzzaman.

text:
# Mymensingh-7

**Mymensingh-7** is a constituency represented in the Jatiya Sangsad (National Parliament) of Bangladesh since 2024 by independent ABM Anisuzzaman.

## Boundaries

The constituency encompasses Trishal Upazila.

## History

The constituency was created for the first general elections in newly independent Bangladesh, held in 1973.

Ahead of the 2008 general election, the Election Commission redrew constituency boundaries to reflect population changes revealed by the 2001 Bangladesh census. The 2008 redistricting altered the boundaries of the constituency.

## Members of Parliament

| Election | | Member | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1973 | Mizanur Rahman | Awami League |
|  | 1979 | Abul Mansur Ahmed | BNP |
|  | 1986 | Abdus Salam Tarafdar | Awami League |
|  | 1988 | Anisur Rahman | Jatiya Party |
|  | 1991 | Md. A. Khaleq | BNP |
|  | Feb 1996 | Mahbub Anam | |
|  | Jun 1996 | Ruhul Amin Madani | Awami League |
|  | 2001 | Abdul Matin Sarkar | |
|  | 2008 | Reza Ali | |
|  | 2014 | M. A. Hannan | Jatiya Party |
|  | 2018 | Ruhul Amin Madani | Awami League |
|  | 2024 | ABM Anisuzzaman | Independent |
|

## Elections

### Elections in the 2010s

General Election 2014: Mymensingh-7
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | JP(E) | M. A. Hannan | 36,964 | 52.6 | *N/A* |
|  | Independent | Ruhul Amin Madani | 33,364 | 47.4 | *N/A* |
| Majority | | | 3,600 | 5.1 | −34.0 |
| Turnout | | | 70,328 | 25.7 | −56.3 |
|  | JP(E) **gain** from AL | | | | | |

### Elections in the 2000s

General Election 2008: Mymensingh-7
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | AL | Reza Ali | 135,379 | 68.5 | +17.1 |
|  | BNP | Md. Mahbubur Rahman | 58,040 | 29.4 | −6.0 |
|  | IAB | Md. Magfurur Rahman | 1,857 | 0.9 | *N/A* |
|  | Independent | Abdul Maleque Forazi | 1,714 | 0.9 | *N/A* |
|  | Gano Forum | Md. Fazlul Karim | 754 | 0.4 | *N/A* |
| Majority | | | 77,339 | 39.1 | +23.1 |
| Turnout | | | 197,744 | 82.0 | +12.6 |
|  | AL **hold** | | | |

General Election 2001: Mymensingh-7
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | AL | Abdul Matin Sarkar | 82,159 | 51.4 | +8.5 |
|  | BNP | Md. A. Khaleq | 56,592 | 35.4 | +10.6 |
|  | IJOF | M. A. Hannan | 20,553 | 12.8 | *N/A* |
|  | WPB | Sujit Barman | 492 | 0.3 | +0.1 |
|  | Jatiya Party (M) | Md. Mosaraf Hossain | 194 | 0.1 | *N/A* |
| Majority | | | 25,567 | 16.0 | +0.1 |
| Turnout | | | 159,990 | 69.4 | +6.5 |
|  | AL **hold** | | | |

### Elections in the 1990s

General Election June 1996: Mymensingh-7
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | AL | Ruhul Amin Madani | 46,772 | 42.9 | +11.6 |
|  | JP(E) | M. A. Hannan | 29,456 | 27.0 | +12.7 |
|  | BNP | Md. A. Khaleq | 27,090 | 24.8 | −7.1 |
|  | Jamaat-e-Islami | Fazlul Haque | 4,937 | 4.5 | −12.4 |
|  | Islamic Sashantantrik Andolan | Md. Narul Islam | 246 | 0.2 | *N/A* |
|  | WPB | Sujit Barman | 234 | 0.2 | *N/A* |
|  | Zaker Party | Md. Abul Hossain | 216 | 0.2 | −0.2 |
|  | Independent | Mohbub Anam | 153 | 0.1 | *N/A* |
| Majority | | | 17,316 | 15.9 | +15.3 |
| Turnout | | | 109,104 | 62.9 | +15.2 |
|  | AL **gain** from BNP | | | | | |

General Election 1991: Mymensingh-7
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | BNP | Md. A. Khaleq | 28,349 | 31.9 |  |
|  | AL | Abdus Salam Tarafdar | 27,838 | 31.3 |  |
|  | Jamaat-e-Islami | Fazlul Haq | 15,060 | 16.9 |  |
|  | JP(E) | Anisur Rahman | 12,727 | 14.3 |  |
|  | Bangladesh Janata Party | Anwar Hossain Khan | 2,142 | 2.4 |  |
|  | JSD | Md. Nurul Amin | 1,631 | 1.8 |  |
|  | Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal-JSD | Md. Razab Ali | 480 | 0.5 |  |
|  | Zaker Party | A. Hossain | 347 | 0.4 |  |
|  | FP | Shaukat Ali | 180 | 0.2 |  |
|  | Janasakti Party | Md. Fazlul Haq | 115 | 0.1 |  |
| Majority | | | 511 | 0.6 |  |
| Turnout | | | 88,869 | 47.7 |  |
|  | BNP **gain** from JP(E) | | | | | |

24°35′N 90°23′E / 24.58°N 90.39°E / 24.58; 90.39

## InfoBox

| Mymensingh-7 | |
| --- | --- |
| Constituency<br>for the Jatiya Sangsad | |
|  | |
| District | Mymensingh District |
| Division | Mymensingh Division |
| Electorate | 315,508 (2018) |
| Current constituency | |
| Created | 1973 |
| 151 Mymensingh-6153 Mymensingh-8 | |


title: Myticin

abstract: Myticin is a cysteine-rich peptide produced in three isoforms, A, B and C, by Mytilus galloprovincialis, which are found primarily in marine habitats. Myticin is also produced in other species of Mytilus, though the properties of Myticin in Mytilus galloprovincialis is understood to a greater extent. Isoforms A and B show antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, while isoform C is additionally active against the fungus Fusarium oxysporum and bacterium Escherichia coli. Myticin-prepro is the precursor peptide. The mature molecule, named myticin, consists of 40 residues, with four intramolecular disulphide bridges, an N-terminal signal peptide and a cysteine array in the primary structure different from that of previously characterised cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides. The first 20 amino acids are a putative signal peptide, and the antimicrobial peptide sequence is a 36-residue C-terminal extension. Such a structure suggests that myticins are synthesised as prepro-proteins that are then processed by various proteolytic events before storage in the hemocytes as the active peptide. Myticin precursors are expressed mainly in the haemocytes.

text:
# Myticin

**Myticin** is a cysteine-rich peptide produced in three isoforms, A, B and C, by *Mytilus galloprovincialis* (Mediterranean mussel), which are found primarily in marine habitats. Myticin is also produced in other species of *Mytilus (Mytilus spp.),* though the properties of Myticin in *Mytilus galloprovincialis* is understood to a greater extent. Isoforms A and B show antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, while isoform C is additionally active against the fungus *Fusarium oxysporum* and bacterium *Escherichia coli* (streptomycin resistant strain D31). Myticin-prepro is the precursor peptide.

The mature molecule, named myticin, consists of 40 residues, with four intramolecular disulphide bridges, an N-terminal signal peptide and a cysteine array in the primary structure different from that of previously characterised cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides. The first 20 amino acids are a putative signal peptide, and the antimicrobial peptide sequence is a 36-residue C-terminal extension. Such a structure suggests that myticins are synthesised as prepro-proteins that are then processed by various proteolytic events before storage in the hemocytes as the active peptide. Myticin precursors are expressed mainly in the haemocytes.

## Role of Myticin in *Mytilus galloprovincialis*

AMPs (Antimicrobial peptides) play a significant role in innate immunity defenses exhibited by Bivalves. In marine organisms, AMPs are the main factor in innate immune response which helps to protect them against pathogenic microorganisms in their environment. The innate immune response is thought be nonspecific, though there is limited research in this area. It is unclear whether invertebrates such as bivalves have a similar immune system to vertebrates, however, Myticin is expressed in the hemocytes of mussels, and recent studies have suggested that this molecule is activated after injury to its tissues.

## Isoform C

Isoform C is the most widely studied isoform of myticin, most likely due to its abundance and diversity. Myticin C has shown a wide diversity in *Mytilus galloprovincialis,* with individuals expressing unique sequences of the peptide compared to genes that were not immune related. It has been shown to be an active defense mechanism against many organisms including fish rhabdovirus. Isoform C has also been shown to have antiviral properties against OsHV-1, which is one of the most important and devastating bivalve pathogens. Additionally, a modified version was show to have antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2 in humans, demonstrating the potential of Myticin c in human application.

This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR019631

## InfoBox

| Myticin-prepro | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | Myticin-prepro |
| Pfam | PF10690 |
| InterPro | IPR019631 |
| OPM superfamily | 58 |
| OPM protein | 2eem |
| Available protein structures:  Pfam structures / ECOD  PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj  PDBsum structure summary | |


title: Yeşiloba, Beşiri

abstract: Yeşiloba is a village in the Beşiri District of Batman Province in Turkey. The village had a population of 134 in 2021.

text:
# Yeşiloba, Beşiri

**Yeşiloba** is a village in the Beşiri District of Batman Province in Turkey. The village had a population of 134 in 2021.

## InfoBox

| Yeşiloba | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| YeşilobaLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 37°53′38″N 41°24′36″E / 37.894°N 41.410°E / 37.894; 41.410 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Batman |
| District | Beşiri |
| Population (2021) | 134 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Yeşiloba, Korkuteli

abstract: Yeşiloba is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Korkuteli, Antalya Province, Turkey. Its population is 132 (2022).

text:
# Yeşiloba, Korkuteli

**Yeşiloba** is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Korkuteli, Antalya Province, Turkey. Its population is 132 (2022).

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1997 | 136 |  |
| 2007 | 173 | +2.44% |
| 2012 | 130 | −5.55% |
| 2017 | 119 | −1.75% |
| 2022 | 132 | +2.10% |
| Source: 1997 census and TÜIK (2007-2022) | | |

## InfoBox

| Yeşiloba | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| YeşilobaLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 37°03′14″N 29°50′54″E / 37.0540°N 29.8484°E / 37.0540; 29.8484 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Antalya |
| District | Korkuteli |
| Population (2022) | 132 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Yeşiloba, Seyhan

abstract: Yeşiloba is a neighbourhood (mahalle) in the municipality and district of Seyhan, Adana Province, Turkey. Its population is 15,242 (2022). The neighbourhood is situated on both sides of D400 state road, 8 km west of the historical downtown of Adana.

text:
# Yeşiloba, Seyhan

**Yeşiloba** is a neighbourhood (*mahalle*) in the municipality and district of Seyhan, Adana Province, Turkey. Its population is 15,242 (2022). The neighbourhood is situated on both sides of D400 state road, 8 km west of the historical downtown of Adana.

## Governance

Yeşiloba is a mahalle and it is administered by the Muhtar and the Seniors Council.

## Economy

Yeşiloba mahalle is surrounded by industrial areas, therefore most of the residents work at the factories around.

## Transport

Major transportation link of the Yeşiloba mahalle is the Şehitlik railway station within the borders of the neighborhood.

Adana Metropolitan Municipality Bus Department (ABBO) has bus routes from Yeşiloba to downtown Adana.

## InfoBox

| Yeşiloba | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| YeşilobaLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 36°59′56″N 35°14′14″E / 36.99889°N 35.23722°E / 36.99889; 35.23722 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Adana |
| District | Seyhan |
| Government | |
| Muhtar | Ali Yaylalı |
| Elevation | 30 m (100 ft) |
| Population (2022) | 15,242 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
| Area code | 0322 |


title: Mysis diluviana

abstract: Mysis diluviana is a mysid crustacean found in freshwater lakes of northern North America.

text:
# Mysis diluviana

***Mysis diluviana*** is a mysid crustacean (opossum shrimp) found in freshwater lakes of northern North America.

## Appearance

*Mysis* is a small, transparent, shrimp-like crustacean less than 25 mm (1 in) in length. It has two pairs of relatively long antennae, associated with rounded antennal plates; large, stalked compound eyes; the thorax covered by a coat-like carapace; a muscular, cylindrical abdomen; and a tail fan featuring a telson with a V-shaped terminal cleft.

Reproducing females bear a prominent brood pouch (marsupium) between their thoracal legs. The pleopods (abdominal legs) of *Mysis* are reduced, except for a specialized pair of mating legs in males.

The natural distribution of *Mysis diluviana* comprises the Great Lakes of North America, and many other coldwater lakes across Canada and in northern parts of the United States, including Wisconsin (e.g. Green Lake, Trout Lake, and Geneva Lake) and northern New York State (e.g. Finger Lakes, Lake Champlain). As it inhabits the areas covered by ice sheets during the last glacial period, the species has been called a glacial relict.

*Mysis diluviana* has also been transferred to lakes outside its native range, to provide a new fish-food object, e.g. to Lake Tahoe (Nevada, California) and Kootenay Lake (British Columbia).

*Mysis diluviana* is the only mysid species native in the Great Lakes and adjacent water bodies. Recently, however, another invasive mysid of European origin, *Hemimysis anomala*, has rapidly spread in the Great Lakes. The two species live in different habitats.

The native mysids in freshwater lakes of the Canadian Arctic and in coastal lagoons of Alaska belong to another, closely related species, *Mysis segerstralei*. Both *M. diluviana* and *M. segerstralei* were previously called *Mysis relicta*, which was until recently considered a circumpolar taxon. After revision in 2005, *Mysis relicta* is considered a purely European species.

## Ecology

*Mysis diluviana* is found in deep, cold oligotrophic lakes with high levels of dissolved oxygen, where it stays mainly below the thermocline.

It is an opportunistic feeder with both predatorial and filter feeding habits. When zooplankton is abundant, that serves as the primary food source; when zooplankton is scarce, diluviana will feed on phytoplankton, suspended organic detritus or from the surface of benthic organic deposits.

## InfoBox

| *Mysis diluviana* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Malacostraca |
| Order: | Mysida |
| Family: | Mysidae |
| Genus: | *Mysis* |
| Species: | ***M. diluviana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mysis diluviana***<br>Audzijonyte & Väinölä, 2005 | |
|


title: Mysingsö

abstract: Mysingsö is a locality situated in Oskarshamn Municipality, Kalmar County, Sweden with 385 inhabitants in 2010.

text:
# Mysingsö

**Mysingsö** is a locality situated in Oskarshamn Municipality, Kalmar County, Sweden with 385 inhabitants in 2010.

## InfoBox

| Mysingsö | |
| --- | --- |
| MysingsöMysingsö | |
| Coordinates: 57°15′N 16°30′E / 57.250°N 16.500°E / 57.250; 16.500 | |
| Country | Sweden |
| Province | Småland |
| County | Kalmar County |
| Municipality | Oskarshamn Municipality |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.31 km2 (0.12 sq mi) |
| Population (31 December 2010) | |
| Total | 385 |
| Density | 1,238/km2 (3,210/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Yasser Basuhai

abstract: Yasser Basuhai is a Yemeni football forward. Basuhai scored four goals for Yemen in the 2004 AFC Asian Cup qualifying round.

text:
# Yasser Basuhai

**Yasser Basuhai** (**Arabic**: ياسر باصهي) (born 27 March 1979) is a Yemeni football forward.

Basuhai scored four goals for Yemen in the 2004 AFC Asian Cup qualifying round.

## Honours

### Club

Al-Hilal 2007–08, 2008–09 2005, 2008 2003

## InfoBox

Yasser Basuhai
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Yasser Basuhai | | |
| Date of birth | (1979-03-27) 27 March 1979 | | |
| Place of birth | Al Hudaydah, Yemen | | |
| Height | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 1995–1998 | Al-Hilal Al-Sahili | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1998–2016 | Al-Hilal Al-Sahili |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 2003 | Yemen U23 | ؟؟ | (؟؟) |
| 2003– | Yemen | 21 | (8) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 00:00, 10 October 2011 (UTC)<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 00:00, 20 September 2008(UTC) | | | |


title: Yemisi Akinbobola

abstract: Yemisi Akinbobola is a Nigerian media entrepreneur, academic, and co-winner of the CNN African Journalist Award 2016 in sports reporting. She is the co-founder of African Women in the Media group, which was established to foster the needs of female African media content producers. She studied Creative Arts at the University of Maiduguri and had her Masters in Media Production from Birmingham City University, where she subsequently gained her PhD in Media and Cultural Studies. She later became a visiting lecturer and researcher at the same university. She completed an internship with CNN, and during this period she set up IQ4News. The news platform was recognized for an investigation into the trafficking of young, West African soccer players by fake agents. She formed Stringers Africa—an organization that started from her difficulties recruiting African journalist for her freelance job. Akinbobola has freelanced for publications like United Nations Africa Renewal magazine.

text:
# Yemisi Akinbobola

**Yemisi Akinbobola** is a Nigerian media entrepreneur, academic, and co-winner of the CNN African Journalist Award 2016 in sports reporting. She is the co-founder of African Women in the Media group, which was established to foster the needs of female African media content producers. She studied Creative Arts at the University of Maiduguri and had her Masters in Media Production from Birmingham City University, where she subsequently gained her PhD in Media and Cultural Studies. She later became a visiting lecturer and researcher at the same university. She completed an internship with CNN, and during this period she set up IQ4News. The news platform was recognized for an investigation into the trafficking of young, West African soccer players by fake agents. She formed Stringers Africa—an organization that started from her difficulties recruiting African journalist for her freelance job. Akinbobola has freelanced for publications like United Nations Africa Renewal magazine.

## Background and education

Yemisi is a Nigerian born media entrepreneur and the co-founder of African Women in the Media from Akure, Ondo state. She had her first degree in Creative Arts from the University of Maiduguri. She obtained her Master in Media and Cultural Studies and PhD in Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Birmingham.

## Career

Yemisi was co-winner of the CNN African Journalist Award 2016 for "sport reporting" at the "CNN Multichoice African Journalist of the Year Award" in Johannesburg. The award was jointly won with Ogechi Ekeanyanwu, a reporter for Premium Newspaper, and Paul Bradshaw of IQ4News. The award was made for her Investigative journalism of fake sports agents and their impact on Nigerian players. She has worked as a freelance writer for the United Nations' *Africa Renewal* magazine. She is the founder of Stringer Africa, a media organization focusing on bridging the existing gap of freelance journalists in Africa media industry. In 2010, Yemisi founded IQ4NeWs to create a platform for African journalists, bloggers, citizens and experts to tell stories from an African perspective.

## InfoBox

| Yemisi Akinbobola | |
| --- | --- |
| Yemisi Akinbobola, founder, African Women in the Media. | |
| Education | University of Maiduguri
Birmingham City University |
| Occupation(s) | Media Entrepreneur
Journalist |


title: Mégarine District

abstract: Mégarine is a district in Touggourt Province, Algeria. It was named after its capital, Mégarine. As of the 2008 census, the district had a total population of 21,823.

text:
# Mégarine District

**Mégarine** is a district in Touggourt Province, Algeria. It was named after its capital, Mégarine. As of the 2008 census, the district had a total population of 21,823.

## Municipalities

The district is further divided into 2 communes:

33°11′43″N 6°05′19″E / 33.19528°N 6.08861°E / 33.19528; 6.08861

## InfoBox

| Mégarine District دائرة مقارين | |
| --- | --- |
| District | |
| Map of Algeria highlighting Touggourt Province | |
| Map of Ouargla Province highlighting Mégarine District | |
| Country | Algeria |
| Province | Touggourt Province |
| District seat | Mégarine |
| Area | |
| Total | 920 km2 (360 sq mi) |
| Population (2008) | |
| Total | 21,823 |
| Density | 24/km2 (61/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01 (CET) |
| Communes | 2 |


title: Yellow-fronted parrot

abstract: The yellow-fronted parrot is a parrot endemic to the Ethiopian Highlands. It is a mostly green with a yellow head. Relatively little is known about this bird.

text:
# Yellow-fronted parrot

The **yellow-fronted parrot** (***Poicephalus flavifrons***) is a parrot endemic to the Ethiopian Highlands. It is a mostly green with a yellow head. Relatively little is known about this bird.

## Taxonomy

German naturalist Eduard Rüppell first described the yellow-fronted parrot in 1845. Its species name is derived from the Latin words *flavus* "yellow", and *frons* "forehead". It is also known as the yellow-faced parrot. Most recent authorities treat it as monotypic, but some recognized two slightly different subspecies, *P. f. flavifrons* and *P. f. aurantiiceps*.

## Description

The yellow-fronted parrot is about 28 centimetres (11 in) long and is mostly green with the upper parts being a darker green, the tail being olive-brown, and the legs a dark grey-brown. The face is orange-yellow. When two subspecies are recognized, the nominate is believed to have yellow to its head and face, while in *P. f. aurantiiceps* some of the yellow is replaced with orange. The upper beak is brownish-grey and the lower beak is bone coloured, the irises are orange-red, and bare eye-rings and cere are grey. Male and female adults have identical external appearance. Juveniles are duller than the adults with a mostly grey head, brown irises, and only a small amount of yellow on the front of the face including on the forehead.

## Range

This parrot is endemic to the Ethiopian Highlands at about 1,000–3,000 metres (3,300–9,800 ft) above sea level. When two subspecies are recognized, the nominate is found in the highlands around Lake Tana and also in central Ethiopia, and *P. f. aurantiiceps* is found in southwestern Ethiopia. It lives in forest habitats, unlike most other *Poicephalus* parrots apart from the Cape and red-fronted parrot superspecies complex.

## Aviculture

The yellow-fronted parrot was unknown in aviculture until recently. They appeared in some Slovakian collections and have bred well in captivity. They can now be found in several European countries. Both subspecies are represented.

## Cited texts

## InfoBox

| Yellow-fronted parrot | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Adult in Ethiopia | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Psittaciformes |
| Family: | Psittacidae |
| Genus: | *Poicephalus* |
| Species: | ***P. flavifrons*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Poicephalus flavifrons***
(Rüppell, 1842) | |
|


title: Yellow-gaped honeyeater

abstract:
The yellow-gaped honeyeater is a species of bird in the family Meliphagidae. It is found throughout New Guinea.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

text:
# Yellow-gaped honeyeater

The **yellow-gaped honeyeater** (***Microptilotis flavirictus***) is a species of bird in the family Meliphagidae. It is found throughout New Guinea. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

## InfoBox

| Yellow-gaped honeyeater | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Meliphagidae |
| Genus: | *Microptilotis* |
| Species: | ***M. flavirictus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Microptilotis flavirictus***
(Salvadori, 1880) | |
|


title: Mycogone

abstract: Mycogone is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Hypocreaceae. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.

text:
# Mycogone

***Mycogone*** is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Hypocreaceae.

The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.

## Species

Species:

## InfoBox

| *Mycogone* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Mycogone rosea* infecting *Amanita jacksonii* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Sordariomycetes |
| Order: | Hypocreales |
| Family: | Hypocreaceae |
| Genus: | *Mycogone*
Link |
|
| Type species | |
| *Mycogone rosea*
Link | |


title: Yeshivas Ohr HaChaim

abstract: Yeshivas Ohr Hachaim is a Haredi yeshiva located in Kew Garden Hills, Queens, New York City. The yeshiva also has a kollel, and operates in conjunction with its high school Mesivta Yesodei Yeshurun which is located next door to Yeshivas Ohr Hachaim. The current Rosh Yeshiva is Rabbi Doniel Lander and the Rosh Kollel is Rabbi Shmuel Rabinovici. Both are former students of Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik of Yeshiva University. The yeshiva building is prominently located on Main Street in Kew Gardens Hills. The building is noted for its exterior, which is primarily made of Jerusalem stone imported from Israel specifically for the building. Rabbi Mordechai Krauss was one of the Roshei Yeshiva until his death in 2016. He was a student of Rabbi Binyomin Paler and Rabbi Berel Soloveitchik.

text:
# Yeshivas Ohr HaChaim

**Yeshivas Ohr Hachaim** is a Haredi yeshiva located in Kew Garden Hills, Queens, New York City. The yeshiva also has a kollel, and operates in conjunction with its high school Mesivta Yesodei Yeshurun which is located next door to Yeshivas Ohr Hachaim. The current Rosh Yeshiva is Rabbi Doniel Lander and the Rosh Kollel is Rabbi Shmuel Rabinovici. Both are former students of Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik of Yeshiva University.

The yeshiva building is prominently located on Main Street in Kew Gardens Hills. The building is noted for its exterior, which is primarily made of Jerusalem stone (so named for being both common and legally required for construction in Jerusalem) imported from Israel specifically for the building.

Rabbi Mordechai Krauss was one of the Roshei Yeshiva until his death in 2016. He was a student of Rabbi Binyomin Paler and Rabbi Berel Soloveitchik.

## History

Yeshivas Ohr Hachaim was founded in 1983. Its first location was at Congregation Bnei Abraham. As the yeshiva continued to grow and attract more students, it needed to move to a bigger location. Two years after it was founded, in 1985, the yeshiva moved to a new location. A synagogue was rented at 69-69 Main Street that served as a Bais Medrash. But soon after, the burgeoning enrollment of the yeshiva called for yet another move. In the 1990s a series of attached houses from the corner house of 71st Avenue and Main Street down the block were purchased and construction on the new building began.

## The New Building

In the fall of 1991 the new building began its construction. Five houses adjacent to the existing location were acquired and demolished. Bobby Jacobs and Aryeh Rabinowitz designed the building and supervised the construction. For the next four years, the yeshiva found a temporary home at Congregation Ohel Simcha. Finally, in October 1996 the new facilities were ready to open. That building remains in use now.

## High schools

Founded under the umbrella of Ohr HaChaim in 1993, Mesivta Yesodei Yeshurun is a four-year high school whose curriculum is largely Yeshiva-preparatory. Senior year programming dovetails with the yeshiva's resulting in significant overlap of scheduling and facility use. The twelfth grade Yeshiva program primarily takes place in the Ohr HaChaim building while the school's home is in a purpose-built four-story building adjacent to the Yeshiva building, on 71st Ave. The building includes dormitories for students from Jewish communities from the Greater New York City metro area, as well from around the United States and Canada. In addition, there is a full-court basketball gym in the lower basement, a common feature in vertically built New York City schools.

The Yeshiva currently has one branch high school, Mesivta Yesodei HaTorah in Naugatuck, Connecticut, under the leadership of Rabbi Aryeh Reiss. The school also has a 55 acre development community and a Kollel on the grounds. Additionally, there was a second High School branch in Elkins Park, PA on the Jewish Federation Campus, but it has since closed. There was also a branch in Monsey, NY from 2004 till 2014 before the campus was sold and the school shut down.

40°43′41.07″N 73°49′22.09″W / 40.7280750°N 73.8228028°W / 40.7280750; -73.8228028


title: Yeshivas Knesses Beis Yitzchak-Kaminetz

abstract: Yeshivas Knesses Beis Yitzchak was an Orthodox Jewish yeshiva, founded in Slabodka on the outskirts of Kaunas, Lithuania, in 1897. The yeshiva later moved to Kamyenyets, then part of Poland, and currently in Belarus, and is therefore often referred to as the Kaminetz Yeshiva or simply Kaminetz. The yeshiva was famously led by Rabbi Boruch Ber Leibowitz.

text:
# Yeshivas Knesses Beis Yitzchak-Kaminetz

**Yeshivas Knesses Beis Yitzchak** was an Orthodox Jewish yeshiva, founded in Slabodka on the outskirts of Kaunas, Lithuania (then ruled by the Russian Empire), in 1897. The yeshiva later moved to Kamyenyets, then part of Poland, and currently in Belarus, and is therefore often referred to as the **Kaminetz Yeshiva** or simply **Kaminetz**. The yeshiva was famously led by Rabbi Boruch Ber Leibowitz.

## Early years

### Founding

Originally, Slabodka boasted the famous Knesses Yisrael yeshiva, founded by Rabbi Nosson Tzvi Finkel in 1882. However, in 1897, controversy broke out in the yeshiva, as many of the students were opposed to the yeshiva strong focus on mussar (Jewish ethics), as opposed to only studying Talmud. The yeshiva therefore split into two, with the one against mussar going under the name *Knesses Beis Yitzchok* (named for the previous rabbi of Kaunas, Rabbi Yitzchak Elchanan Spektor). The rav of Slabodka, Rabbi Moshe Danishevsky, served as *rosh yeshiva*. Rabbi Moshe Mordechai Epstein, the rosh yeshiva of Knesses Yisrael, served alongside Rabbi Danishevsky in the town's *beis din* (Torah court). Despite the friction between the two yeshivos at the time of their division, the cooperation between the two rosh yeshivas thawed the ice. Rabbi Chaim Rabinowitz also served as rosh yeshiva. However, a controversy between pro- and anti-Zionists broke out in the yeshiva, and Rabbi Rabinowitz left the yeshiva. Rabbi Baruch Ber Leibowitz, a student of Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik and formerly a rosh yeshiva in Halusk, was appointed as *rosh yeshiva*.

### Rabbi Baruch Ber Leibowitz

Despite the fact that Knesses Beis Yitzchak was not a mussar yeshiva, Rabbi Baruch Ber himself was uncomfortable being labeled as an opponent to mussar. His son-in-law, Rabbi Reuven Grozovsky, who taught in the yeshiva, was a student of the Knesses Yisrael yeshiva in Slabodka, and Rabbi Leibowitz said that only Knesses Yisrael could've produced such a fine personality. Both of his sons-in-law, Rabbi Grozovsky and Rabbi Moshe Bernstein, taught in the yeshiva.

## World War I

When World War I broke out in 1914, the yeshiva fled Slabodka for Minsk, and when the war reached there as well, the yeshiva moved further east, settling in Kremenchug in Ukraine, also under Russian Rule, in 1917; Rabbi Leibowitz was with the yeshiva throughout its travels. However, war was rampant in Kremenchug also, with fighting between Ukrainian nationalists and the Russians, as well as between the Red and White armies, and in the yeshiva moved again in 1921, this time to Vilna, a bustling city in Lithuania with a large Jewish population, where they remained for five years. In Vilna, the action of the big city served as a disturbance, and Rabbi Leibowitz moved the yeshiva in 1926 to Kaminetz, a city in the Second Polish Republic.

## Golden Years

The yeshiva was welcomed by the Kaminetz Jewish community; the community marched out to greet them, clad in holiday attire, with an orchestra leading the way. Rabbi Leibowitz was seated on a fancy chair, upholstered in velvet, and lifted into the air. The procession then walked with the yeshiva until they reached the yeshiva's new building. A festive meal was then had.

The yeshiva grew exponentially in their new home, with as many as 350-400 students (generally in their late twenties, although a few students were in their thirties), with another 50 in the *mechina* (a preparatory school for younger students), and seven men in the *kollel*. Students flocked to the yeshiva from all over the continent, as well as from Palestine and America. The growth of the yeshiva led to a lack of space in their building, and so Mr. Gershon Galin, a Kaminetz native who had emigrated to the United States, took upon himself to erect a new building, and took the first step by purchasing a piece of land and being the first one to donate towards the building fund. In 1932, the building's foundation was laid. On the eighth day Chanukah in 1937, the dedication of the new building was celebrated, in the presence of rabbis from throughout the region.

## World War II

### Exile to Lithuania

In early September 1939, the German Army invaded Kaminetz. They told the local residents that they did not plan to stay for long, as they had signed the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, which stated that the Soviet Union would get the eastern half of Poland, and treated them decently. The yeshiva stayed in Kaminetz during the German occupation, and had prayed regularly during the Jewish holiday of Rosh Hashana. The Germans left the city, leaving behind only a small headquarters, at the time that the Russians were supposed to come. However, the Russians didn't come right away, and local gentile anti-Semites took advantage of the anarchy to attack Jews and loot their properties. Ironically, the Jews went to the local Nazi headquarters and requested that their soldiers return to protect them until the Soviets arrived. The Russians arrived on the day before Yom Kippur.

Rabbi Chaim Ozer Grodzensky, the rabbi of Vilna as well as *gadol hador* (leader of the generation), sent a message to all of the yeshivos under Russian rule that they should escape to Vilna; the Russians had taken the city from Poland and were going to give it back to Lithuania (which it had previously been part of). Therefore, many yeshivos escaped and crowded into Vilna. In the Kaminetz Yeshiva, many of the foreign and Polish students returned home, leaving only half of the yeshiva, approximately 160 students, in the yeshiva, and together they fled to Vilna.

In Vilna, local Jews arranged for the yeshiva to study in the Lokishok Bais Medrash and families offered to take in refugees for lodging The Lithuanian prime minister, who treated the Jews well, decided that having fifteen thousand refugees crowded into the capital city was unsustainable and he therefore ordered the yeshivos to disperse to the nearby towns. The Kaminetz Yeshiva settled in Rasein, where the classes continued as usual. Rabbi Leibowitz died then in 1939.

### Dispersion

Despite their temporary safety, the students understood that they were in the center of a war-zone and tried all they could to leave the country, but all their attempts went in vain. About a year and half later, the Russians reassumed control of Lithuania; when they discovered that the yeshiva students in the countryside were attempting to leave for America, they made plans to send the yeshivos to Siberian labor camps, farther away from the border, as they were worried about anti-communists being so close to the front, lest they join forces with the Nazis and fight against the Soviet Union. Russian soldiers had seized Jewish homes, and the hosts warned the yeshiva students of their plan of relocation. Many went into hiding, while many went along with the plan; the ones who stayed behind in Lithuania ended up getting killed by the Nazis three days later. The students that were deported did not end up going to Siberia, rather to the remote Komi Republic in Russian Asia. They ended up getting split into four groups. The first was dropped off in the village of Zeschart; there were fifteen Kaminetz students in the group. The second group was dropped off in Aykany; the third group, consisting of forty people, in settlement near Syktivkar; and the fourth group was left 150 kilometres from the capital city. Among the fourth group was Rabbi Naftali Leibowitz, the yeshiva's mashgiach.

## Legacy

1. Rosenblum, Yonasan (February 1993). "Chapter 2 - The Meaning of Slabodka". *Reb Yaakov: The Life and Times of HaGaon Rabbi Yaakov Kamenetsky* (First ed.). Mesorah Publications, Ltd. ISBN 0-89906-413-2.
2. Cohen, Dov (2017). "In the Shadow of Gedolim". *To Rise Above - A Journey to Greatness Against All Odds*. Jerusalem, Israel: Feldheim Publishers. p. 165. ISBN 978-1-68025-270-5.
3. Bobrowski-Aloni, Leah. "The "Knesset Beit Yitzhak" Yeshiva". *Jewishgen.com*. Tel Aviv, Israel: JewishGen. pp. 61–63. Retrieved August 6, 2020.
4. Wein, Berel (November 8, 2001). *Faith & Fate: The Story of the Jewish People in the Twentieth Century*. Brooklyn, NY: Shaar Press. ISBN 978-1-5781-9593-0.
5. Eliach, Rabbi Dov (2016). "Suffering and Miracles - Based on the Personal Memoir of Rav Simchah Hochgelenter zt"l". *Tales of Devotion*. p. 40.
6. Edelstein, Rabbi Yitzchak. "Rabbi Baruch Dov Leibowitz -Head of the Yeshiva of Kamenetz-Litovsk". *Jewishgen.org*. JewishGen. p. 65. Retrieved August 6, 2020. You have before you a miniature gathering of the exiles: the yeshiva is packed with youth from all of the Jewish Diaspora. The boys sitting here are from Poland, America, Germany, England, Belgium, Denmark, Switzerland, Hungary, as well as from the Land of Israel.
7. Fishoff, Avi (November 14, 2017). "TWiSTED PARENTING". *YouTube*. Retrieved August 6, 2020. When the young bachur "Yankele Galinsky" met the Gadol Hador "HaRav Chaim Ozer Grodzinski ...
8. Wein, Berel (October 1990). "Hitler's War Against the Jews". *Triumph of Survival* (First ed.). Brooklyn, NY: Shaar Press. p. 355. ISBN 1-4226-1514-6.
9. Eliach, Rabbi Dov (2016). "You Kept Me from Death; You Rescued Me from the Pit - Based on Conversations with Rav Eliyahu Dolinsky". *Tales of Devotion*. p. 361.
10. "Rabbi Boruch Ber Leibowitz, Rosh Yeshiva of Kamenitz (1870-1939)". *True Torah Jews*. Retrieved August 6, 2020.
11. "Yeshiva Toras Emes Kamenitz Inc". *Bloomberg.com*. Retrieved August 6, 2020.
12. "BDE: HaGaon HaRav Yitzchak Scheiner, Z'TL, Rosh Yeshivas Kaminetz, Is Niftar From COVID". January 31, 2021.

## InfoBox

| Yeshivas Knesses Beis Yitzchak
הישיבה הגדולה כנסת בית יצחק | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Kamyenyets
Second Polish Republic | |
| Information | |
| Type | Yeshiva |
| Religious affiliation(s) | Orthodox Judaism |
| Established | 1897 |
| Closed | 1941 |
| Dean | Rabbi Boruch Ber Leibowitz |
| Faculty |  |
| Enrollment | 350-400 (before World War II) |


title: Mącze

abstract: Mącze is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ełk, within Ełk County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Ełk and 118 km (73 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

text:
# Mącze

**Mącze** \[ˈmɔnt͡ʂɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ełk, within Ełk County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Ełk and 118 km (73 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

## InfoBox

| Mącze | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Mącze | |
| Coordinates: 53°48′N 22°17′E / 53.800°N 22.283°E / 53.800; 22.283 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Warmian-Masurian |
| County | Ełk |
| Gmina | Ełk |


title: Młynek, Opoczno County

abstract: Młynek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żarnów, within Opoczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south-west of Żarnów, 25 km (16 mi) south-west of Opoczno, and 78 km (48 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

text:
# Młynek, Opoczno County

**Młynek** \[ˈmwɨnɛk\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żarnów, within Opoczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south-west of Żarnów, 25 km (16 mi) south-west of Opoczno, and 78 km (48 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

## InfoBox

| Młynek | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Młynek | |
| Coordinates: 51°12′N 20°5′E / 51.200°N 20.083°E / 51.200; 20.083 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Łódź |
| County | Opoczno |
| Gmina | Żarnów |


title: Yigoban

abstract: Yigoban is a small village in Kupwara district of the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.

text:
# Yigoban

**Yigoban** is a small village in Kupwara district of the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.

15km
10miles YigobanYigoban

## InfoBox

| Yigoban | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| YigobanLocation in Jammu and Kashmir, IndiaYigobanYigoban (India) | |
| Coordinates: 34°45′32″N 74°23′28″E / 34.759°N 74.391°E / 34.759; 74.391 | |
| Country | India |
| Union Territory | Jammu and Kashmir |
| District | Kupwara |
| Languages | |
| Official | Kashmiri, Hindi, Urdu, Dogri, English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 193222 |


abstract:
In enzymology, a N-acetylneuraminate 7-O(or 9-O)-acetyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
  - acetyl-CoA + N-acetylneuraminate ⇌ CoA + N-acetyl-7-O(or 9-O)-acetylneuraminate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and N-acetylneuraminate, whereas its 3 products are CoA, N-acetyl-7-O-acetylneuraminate, and N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminate.

text:
# N-acetylneuraminate 7-O(or 9-O)-acetyltransferase

In enzymology, a **N-acetylneuraminate 7-O(or 9-O)-acetyltransferase** (EC 2.3.1.45) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

acetyl-CoA + N-acetylneuraminate $\rightleftharpoons $ CoA + N-acetyl-7-O(or 9-O)-acetylneuraminate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and N-acetylneuraminate, whereas its 3 products are CoA, N-acetyl-7-O-acetylneuraminate, and N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminate.

## Nomenclature

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:N-acetylneuraminate 7-O(or 9-O)-acetyltransferase. Other names in common use include N-acetylneuraminate 7(8)-O-acetyltransferase, sialate O-acetyltransferase, N-acetylneuraminate 7,8-O-acetyltransferase, acetyl-CoA:N-acetylneuraminate-7- or 8-O-acetyltransferase, acetyl-CoA:N-acetylneuraminate-7- and/or 8-O-acetyltransferase, glycoprotein 7(9)-O-acetyltransferase, acetyl-CoA:N-acetylneuraminate-9(7)-O-acetyltransferase, N-acetylneuraminate O7-(or O9-)acetyltransferase, and acetyl-CoA:N-acetylneuraminate-9(or 7)-O-acetyltransferase.

* Schauer R (May 1970). "\[Biosynthesis of N-acetyl-O-acetylneuraminic acids. I. Incorporation of (14C) acetate into sections of the submaxillary salivary gland of ox and horse\]". *Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie*. **351** (5): 595–602. PMID 5446640.
* Schauer R (June 1970). "\[Biosynthesis of N-acetyl-O-acetylneuraminic acids. II. Substrate and intracellular localization of bovine acetyl-coenzyme A: N-acetylneuraminate-7- and 8-O-acetyltransferase\]". *Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie*. **351** (6): 749–58. doi:10.1515/bchm2.1970.351.1.749. PMID 5425947.

## InfoBox

| N-acetylneuraminate 7-O(or 9-O)-acetyltransferase | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| EC no. | 2.3.1.45 |
| CAS no. | 9054-50-6 |
| Databases | |
| IntEnz | IntEnz view |
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry |
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view |
| KEGG | KEGG entry |
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway |
| PRIAM | profile |
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum |
| Gene Ontology | AmiGO / QuickGO |
| Search  PMC articles  PubMed articles  NCBI proteins | |


title: Mir-361 microRNA precursor family

abstract: In molecular biology mir-361 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms. For example, miR-361-5p might act as a suppressor in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) by targeting RQCD1 to inhibit the EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

text:
# Mir-361 microRNA precursor family

In molecular biology **mir-361 microRNA** is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms. For example, miR-361-5p might act as a suppressor in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) by targeting RQCD1 to inhibit the EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

## Further reading

* Xie T, Liang J, Guo R, Liu N, Noble PW, Jiang D (May 2011). "Comprehensive microRNA analysis in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis identifies multiple sites of molecular regulation". *Physiological Genomics*. **43** (9): 479–87. doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00222.2010. PMC 3110895. PMID 21266501.
* Li ZY, Na HM, Peng G, Pu J, Liu P (March 2011). "Alteration of microRNA expression correlates to fatty acid-mediated insulin resistance in mouse myoblasts". *Molecular BioSystems*. **7** (3). Royal Society of Chemistry: 871–7. doi:10.1039/c0mb00230e. PMID 21183973.

## InfoBox

| mir-361 | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | mir-361 |
| Rfam | RF00744 |
| miRBase family | MIPF0000172 |
| Other data | |
| RNA type | microRNA |
| Domain(s) | *Eukaryota;* |
| PDB structures | PDBe |


title: Minister for Defence (Australia)

abstract: The Minister for Defence is the minister of state of the Commonwealth of Australia charged with overseeing the organisation, implementation, and formulation of strategic policy in defence and military matters as the head of the Department of Defence. The Minister for Defence is responsible for the Australian Defence Organisation and the Australian Defence Force (ADF). The current Defence minister is Richard Marles, who is also concurrently serving as deputy prime minister of Australia, having been selected by Prime Minister Anthony Albanese in May 2022 following the 2022 Australian federal election. As the Minister for Defence is responsible for the management of Australia's defence and military forces and the portfolio's accountability to the Parliament, the secretary of Defence is required under section 63(1) of the Public Service Act 1999 and the Requirements for Annual Reports from the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Public Accounts and Audit to submit a report to the responsible ministers on the activities of the Department of Defence after the end of each financial year for presentation to the Parliament. It is one of only four ministerial positions that have existed since Federation.

text:
# Minister for Defence (Australia)

The **Minister** **for Defence** is the minister of state of the Commonwealth of Australia charged with overseeing the organisation, implementation, and formulation of strategic policy in defence and military matters as the head of the Department of Defence. The Minister for Defence is responsible for the Australian Defence Organisation and the Australian Defence Force (ADF). The current Defence minister is Richard Marles, who is also concurrently serving as deputy prime minister of Australia, having been selected by Prime Minister Anthony Albanese in May 2022 following the 2022 Australian federal election.

As the Minister for Defence is responsible for the management of Australia's defence and military forces and the portfolio's accountability to the Parliament, the secretary of Defence is required under section 63(1) of the *Public Service Act 1999* and the *Requirements for Annual Reports* from the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Public Accounts and Audit to submit a report to the responsible ministers on the activities of the Department of Defence after the end of each financial year for presentation to the Parliament.

It is one of only four ministerial positions (along with prime minister, attorney-general and treasurer) that have existed since Federation.

## Defence policy

The Defence minister is primarily responsible for implementing government defence policy. The three main entities responsible for formulating defence policy within Defence are the Air Power Development Centre, Australian Strategic Policy Institute, and Sea Power Centre - Australia. Additionally, the minister releases white papers, that assess Australia's current defence capabilities and set out areas of reform.

The most recent white paper publication is the *2016 Defence White Paper* that includes three elements: the 2016 Defence White Paper itself, *2016 Integrated Investment Program*, and *2016 Defence Industry Policy Statement*. It is the eighth defence white paper since 1976.

## Composition of the defence portfolio

Over the years there have been a number of ministers with a variety of functions involved in the defence portfolio; in the period November 1939 to April 1942, there was no position named *Minister of Defence*. Instead, several ministers were responsible for the various tasks and duties that are presently under the purview of the minister for Defence.

Previous governments have included ministers with titles using one or more of the following terms:

* Air
* Aircraft production
* Army
* Defence
* Defence Coordination
* Defence Industry
* Defence Materiel
* Defence Personnel
* Defence Production
* Defence Science
* Defence Support
* Development
* Munitions
* Navy
* Repatriation
* Shipping
* Supply
* Veterans' Affairs

## List of ministers for defence

There was a Minister for Defence from 1 January 1901 until 13 November 1939, with the exception of two small breaks. Robert Menzies, the Prime Minister, abolished the position on the outbreak of World War II and created separate Ministers for the Navy, the Army and the Air, with himself as Minister for Defence Coordination in his first ministry. He retained this position until the fall of his government, and then held the post in the brief government of Arthur Fadden. John Curtin initially followed the same arrangement as Menzies in his ministry until 14 April 1942, when he took the title of Minister for Defence. The separate titles of Ministers for the Navy, the Army and the Air were abolished in the second Whitlam Ministry on 30 November 1973, when the separate departments of Navy, Army and Air were also abolished. There had also been a separate Navy portfolio between 1915 and 1921.

The following have served as Minister for Defence:

| Order | Minister | Party | | Prime Minister | Term start | Term end | Term in office |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Sir James Dickson KCMG MP |  | Protectionist | Barton | 1 January 1901 | 10 January 1901 | 9 days |
|  | | | | | | | |
| 2 | John Forrest CMG MP |  | Protectionist | Barton | 17 January 1901 | 10 August 1903 | 2 years, 205 days |
| 3 | Senator James Drake | | | | 10 August 1903 | 24 September 1903 | 45 days |
| 4 | Austin Chapman MP | | | Deakin | 24 September 1903 | 27 April 1904 | 216 days |
| 5 | Senator Anderson Dawson |  | Labor | Watson | 27 April 1904 | 18 August 1904 | 113 days |
| 6 | James McCay MP |  | Protectionist | Reid | 18 August 1904 | 5 July 1905 | 321 days |
| 7 | Senator Thomas Playford | | | Deakin | 5 July 1905 | 24 January 1907 | 1 year, 203 days |
| 8 | Sir Thomas Ewing KCMG MP | | | 24 January 1907 | 13 November 1908 | 1 year, 294 days |
| 9 | Senator George Pearce |  | Labor | Fisher | 13 November 1908 | 2 June 1909 | 201 days |
| 10 | Joseph Cook MP |  | Liberal | Deakin | 2 June 1909 | 29 April 1910 | 331 days |
| (9) | Senator George Pearce |  | Labor | Fisher | 29 April 1910 | 24 June 1913 | 3 years, 56 days |
| 11 | Senator Edward Millen |  | Liberal | Cook | 24 June 1913 | 17 September 1914 | 1 year, 85 days |
| (9) | Senator George Pearce |  | Labor | Fisher | 17 September 1914 | 27 October 1915 | 7 years, 95 days |
| | | | | Hughes | 27 October 1915 | 14 November 1916 | |
| | |  | National Labor | 14 November 1916 | 13 June 1917 ||
| | |  | Nationalist | 13 June 1917 | 21 December 1921 ||
| | | 12 | Walter Massy-Greene MP | 21 December 1921 | 9 February 1923 | 1 year, 50 days |
| | | 13 | Eric Bowden MP | Bruce | 9 February 1923 | 16 January 1925 | 1 year, 342 days |
| | | | 14 | Sir Neville Howse VC KCB KCMG MP | 16 January 1925 | 2 April 1927 | 2 years, 76 days |
| | | | 15 | Senator Sir William Glasgow KCB CMG DSO VD | 2 April 1927 | 22 October 1929 | 2 years, 203 days |
| 16 | Albert Green MP |  | Labor | Scullin | 22 October 1929 | 4 February 1931 | 1 year, 105 days |
| 17 | Senator John Daly | | | | 4 February 1931 | 3 March 1931 | 27 days |
| 18 | Ben Chifley MP | | | | 3 March 1931 | 6 January 1932 | 309 days |
| (9) | Senator Sir George Pearce KCVO |  | United
Australia | Lyons | 6 January 1932 | 12 October 1934 | 2 years, 279 days |
| 19 | Sir Archdale Parkhill KCMG MP | | | | 12 October 1934 | 20 November 1937 | 3 years, 39 days |
| 20 | Joseph Lyons CH MP | | | | 20 November 1937 | 29 November 1937 | 9 days |
| 21 | Harold Thorby MP |  | Country | | 29 November 1937 | 7 November 1938 | 343 days |
| 22 | Geoffrey Street MC MP |  | United
Australia | | 7 November 1938 | 7 April 1939 | 1 year, 6 days |
| | | | | Page | 7 April 1939 | | 26 April 1939 |
| | | | | Menzies | 26 April 1939 | | 13 November 1939 |
| | 23 | | | Robert Menzies MP | 13 November 1939 | 29 August 1941 | 1 year, 328 days |
| | | | | | Fadden | 29 August 1941 | 7 October 1941 |
| 24 | John Curtin MP |  | Labor | Curtin | 7 October 1941 | 6 July 1945 | 3 years, 272 days |
| 25 | Jack Beasley MP | | | Forde | 6 July 1945 | 13 July 1945 | 1 year, 39 days |
| | | | | Chifley | | 13 July 1945 | 14 August 1946 |
| | 26 | | | Frank Forde MP | 15 August 1946 | 1 November 1946 | 79 days |
| | 27 | | | John Dedman MP | 1 November 1946 | 19 December 1949 | 3 years, 48 days |
| 28 | Eric Harrison MP |  | Liberal | Menzies | 19 December 1949 | 24 October 1950 | 309 days |
| 29 | Sir Philip McBride KCMG MP | | | | 24 October 1950 | 10 December 1958 | **8 years, 47 days** |
| 30 | Athol Townley MP | | | | 10 December 1958 | 18 December 1963 | 5 years, 8 days |
| 31 | Paul Hasluck MP | | | | 18 December 1963 | 24 April 1964 | 128 days |
| 32 | Senator Sir Shane Paltridge KBE | | | | 24 April 1964 | 19 January 1966 | 1 year, 270 days |
| 33 | Allen Fairhall MP | | | Holt | 26 January 1966 | 12 December 1967 | 3 years, 297 days |
| | | | | McEwen | | 12 December 1967 | 10 January 1968 |
| | | | | Gorton | | 10 January 1968 | 12 November 1969 |
| | 34 | | | Malcolm Fraser MP | 12 November 1969 | 8 March 1971 | 1 year, 116 days |
| 35 | John Gorton CH MP | | | McMahon | 19 March 1971 | 13 August 1971 | 147 days |
| 36 | David Fairbairn DFC MP | | | 13 August 1971 | 5 December 1972 | 1 year, 114 days |
| 37 | Lance Barnard MP |  | Labor | Whitlam | 5 December 1972 | 6 June 1975 | 2 years, 183 days |
| 38 | Bill Morrison MP | | | | 6 June 1975 | 11 November 1975 | 158 days |
| 39 | Sir James Killen KCMG MP |  | Liberal | Fraser | 12 November 1975 | 7 May 1982 | 6 years, 176 days |
| 40 | Ian Sinclair MP |  | National Country | | 7 May 1982 | 16 October 1982 | 308 days |
| | |  | National | | 16 October 1982 | | 11 March 1983 |
| 41 | Gordon Scholes MP |  | Labor | Hawke | 11 March 1983 | 13 December 1984 | 1 year, 277 days |
| 42 | Kim Beazley MP | | | | 13 December 1984 | 4 April 1990 | 5 years, 112 days |
| 43 | Senator Robert Ray | | | | 4 April 1990 | 20 December 1991 | 5 years, 342 days |
| | | | | | Keating | 20 December 1991 | 11 March 1996 |
| 44 | Ian McLachlan AO MP |  | Liberal | Howard | 11 March 1996 | 21 October 1998 | 2 years, 224 days |
| 45 | John Moore MP | | | | 21 October 1998 | 30 January 2001 | 2 years, 101 days |
| 46 | Peter Reith MP | | | | 30 January 2001 | 26 November 2001 | 300 days |
| 47 | Senator Robert Hill | | | | 26 November 2001 | 20 January 2006 | 4 years, 55 days |
| 48 | Brendan Nelson MP | | | | 20 January 2006 | 3 December 2007 | 1 year, 317 days |
| 49 | Joel Fitzgibbon MP |  | Labor | Rudd | 3 December 2007 | 9 June 2009 | 1 year, 188 days |
| 50 | Senator John Faulkner | | | | 9 June 2009 | 24 June 2010 | 1 year, 97 days |
| | | | | | Gillard | 24 June 2010 | 14 September 2010 |
| | 51 | | | Stephen Smith MP | 14 September 2010 | 27 June 2013 | 3 years, 4 days |
| | | | | | Rudd | 27 June 2013 | 18 September 2013 |
| 52 | Senator David Johnston |  | Liberal | Abbott | 18 September 2013 | 23 December 2014 | 1 year, 96 days |
| 53 | Kevin Andrews MP | | | | 23 December 2014 | 15 September 2015 | 272 days |
| | | | | | Turnbull | 15 September 2015 | 21 September 2015 |
| | 54 | | | Senator Marise Payne | 21 September 2015 | 24 August 2018 | 2 years, 341 days |
| | | | | | Morrison | 24 August 2018 | 28 August 2018 |
| | 55 | | | Christopher Pyne MP | 28 August 2018 | 26 May 2019 | 271 days |
| | 56 | | | Senator Linda Reynolds CSC | 29 May 2019 | 30 March 2021 | 1 year, 305 days |
| | 57 | | | Peter Dutton MP | 30 March 2021 | 23 May 2022 | 1 year, 54 days |
| 58 | Richard Marles MP |  | Labor | Albanese | 1 June 2022 | Incumbent | 2 years, 130 days |

## List of assistant ministers for defence

The following individuals have been appointed as Assistant Minister for Defence, or any of its precedent titles:

| Order | Minister | Party | | Prime Minister | Title | Term start | Term end | Term in office |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Granville Ryrie MP |  | Nationalist | Hughes | Assistant Minister for Defence | 4 February 1920 | 5 February 1923 | 3 years, 1 day |
|  | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | Josiah Francis |  | United Australia | Lyons | Assistant Minister for Defence | 6 January 1932 | 12 October 1934 | 2 years, 279 days |
|  | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | Reg Bishop |  | Labor | Whitlam | Minister assisting the Minister for Defence | 19 December 1972 | 12 June 1974 | 1 year, 175 days |
|  | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | John McLeay |  | Liberal | Fraser | Minister assisting the Minister for Defence | 22 December 1975 | 3 November 1980 | **4 years, 317 days** |
| 5 | Kevin Newman | | | | | 3 November 1980 | 7 May 1982 | 1 year, 185 days |
|  | | | | | | | | |
| 6 | Bruce Scott |  | National | Howard | Minister assisting the Minister for Defence | 21 October 1998 | 26 November 2001 | 3 years, 36 days |
| 7 | Danna Vale |  | Liberal | | | 26 November 2001 | 7 October 2003 | 1 year, 315 days |
| 8 | Mal Brough | | | | | 7 October 2003 | 18 July 2004 | 285 days |
| 9 | Fran Bailey | | | | | 18 July 2004 | 22 October 2004 | 285 days |
| 10 | De-Anne Kelly |  | National | | | 22 October 2004 | 27 January 2006 | 1 year, 97 days |
| 11 | Bruce Billson |  | Liberal | | | 27 January 2006 | 3 December 2007 | 1 year, 310 days |
|  | | | | | | | | |
| 12 | Stuart Robert |  | Liberal | Abbott | Assistant Minister for Defence | 18 September 2013 | 15 September 2015 | 2 years, 3 days |
| | | | | Turnbull | | 15 September 2015 | 21 September 2015 | |
| | 13 | Darren Chester |  | National | | 21 September 2015 | 18 February 2016 | 150 days |
| | 14 | | | Michael McCormack | | 18 February 2016 | 19 July 2016 | 152 days |
|  | | | | | | | | |
| 15 | David Fawcett |  | Liberal | Morrison | Assistant Minister for Defence | 26 August 2018 | 29 May 2019 | 276 days |
| 16 | Alex Hawke | | | | | 29 May 2019 | 22 December 2020 | 1 year, 207 days |
| 16 | Andrew Hastie | | | | | 22 December 2020 | 23 May 2022 | 1 year, 152 days |
| 17 | Matt Thistlethwaite |  | Labor | Albanese | | 1 June 2022 | *Incumbent* | 2 years, 130 days |

## Individual service branch ministers

### Ministers for the Navy

The following served as Minister for the Navy:

| Order | Minister | Party | | Prime Minister | Term start | Term end | Term in office |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Jens Jensen MP |  | Labor | Fisher | 12 July 1915 | 27 October 1915 | 1 year, 220 days |
| | | | | Hughes | 27 October 1915 | 14 November 1916 | |
| | |  | National Labor | 14 November 1916 | 17 February 1917 ||
| | 2 | Joseph Cook MP |  | Commonwealth
Liberal | 17 February 1917 | 13 June 1917 | 3 years, 162 days |
| | |  | Nationalist | 13 June 1917 | 28 July 1920 | |
| | | 3 | William Laird Smith MP | 28 July 1920 | 21 December 1921 | 1 year, 146 days |
|  | | | | | | | |
| 4 | Frederick Stewart MP |  | United
Australia | Menzies | 13 November 1939 | 14 March 1940 | 122 days |
| 5 | Archie Cameron MP |  | Country | | 14 March 1940 | 28 October 1940 | 228 days |
| 6 | Billy Hughes MP |  | United
Australia | | 28 October 1940 | 29 August 1941 | 344 days |
| | | | | Fadden | 29 August 1941 | | 7 October 1941 |
| 7 | Norman Makin MP |  | Labor | Curtin | 7 October 1941 | 6 July 1945 | 4 years, 312 days |
| | | | | Forde | 6 July 1945 | 13 July 1945 | |
| | | | | Chifley | 13 July 1945 | 15 August 1946 | |
| | 8 | | | Arthur Drakeford MP | 15 August 1946 | 1 November 1946 | 78 days |
| | 9 | | | Bill Riordan MP | 1 November 1946 | 19 December 1949 | 3 years, 48 days |
| 10 | Josiah Francis MP |  | Liberal | Menzies | 19 December 1949 | 11 May 1951 | 1 year, 143 days |
| 11 | Philip McBride MP | | | | 11 May 1951 | 17 July 1951 | 67 days |
| 12 | William McMahon MP | | | | 17 July 1951 | 9 July 1954 | 2 years, 357 days |
| (10) | Josiah Francis MP | | | | 9 July 1954 | 11 July 1955 | 1 year, 2 days |
| 13 | Eric Harrison MP | | | | 11 July 1955 | 11 January 1956 | 184 days |
| 14 | Senator Neil O'Sullivan | | | | 11 January 1956 | 24 October 1956 | 287 days |
| 15 | Charles Davidson MP |  | Country | | 24 October 1956 | 10 December 1958 | 2 years, 47 days |
| 16 | Senator John Gorton |  | Liberal | | 10 December 1958 | 18 December 1963 | **5 years, 8 days** |
| 17 | Jim Forbes MP | | | | 18 December 1963 | 4 March 1964 | 77 days |
| 18 | Fred Chaney, Sr. MP | | | | 4 March 1964 | 26 January 1966 | 2 years, 285 days |
| | | | | | Holt | 26 January 1966 | 14 December 1966 |
| | 19 | | | Don Chipp MP | 14 December 1966 | 19 December 1967 | 1 year, 76 days |
| | | | | | McEwen | 19 December 1967 | 10 January 1968 |
| | | | | | Gorton | 10 January 1968 | 28 February 1968 |
| | 20 | | | Bert Kelly MP | 28 February 1968 | 12 November 1969 | 1 year, 257 days |
| | 21 | | | James Killen MP | 12 November 1969 | 10 March 1971 | 1 year, 130 days |
| | | | | | McMahon | 10 March 1971 | 22 March 1971 |
| | 22 | | | Malcolm Mackay MP | 22 March 1971 | 5 December 1972 | 1 year, 258 days |
| 23 | Lance Barnard MP |  | Labor | Whitlam | 5 December 1972 | 30 November 1973 | 360 days |

### Ministers for the Army

The following served as Minister for the Army:

| Order | Minister | Party | | Prime Minister | Term start | Term end | Term in office |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Geoffrey Street MP |  | United
Australia | Menzies | 13 November 1939 | 28 October 1940 | 350 days |
| 2 | Senator Percy Spender | | | | 28 October 1940 | 29 August 1941 | 344 days |
| | | | | | Fadden | 29 August 1941 | 7 October 1941 |
| 3 | Frank Forde MP |  | Labor | Curtin | 7 October 1941 | 6 July 1945 | 5 years, 25 days |
| | | | | Forde | 6 July 1945 | 13 July 1945 | |
| | | | | Chifley | 13 July 1945 | 1 November 1946 | |
| | 4 | | | Cyril Chambers MP | 1 November 1946 | 19 December 1949 | 3 years, 48 days |
| 5 | Josiah Francis MP |  | Liberal | Menzies | 19 December 1949 | 7 November 1955 | 5 years, 323 days |
| 6 | Eric Harrison MP | | | | 7 November 1955 | 28 February 1956 | 113 days |
| 7 | John Cramer MP | | | | 28 February 1956 | 18 December 1963 | **7 years, 293 days** |
| 8 | Jim Forbes MP | | | | 18 December 1963 | 26 January 1966 | 2 years, 39 days |
| 9 | Malcolm Fraser MP | | | Holt | 26 January 1966 | 19 December 1967 | 2 years, 33 days |
| | | | | McEwen | | 19 December 1967 | 10 January 1968 |
| | | | | Gorton | | 10 January 1968 | 28 February 1968 |
| | 10 | | | Phillip Lynch MP | 28 February 1968 | 12 November 1969 | 1 year, 257 days |
| | 11 | | | Andrew Peacock MP | 12 November 1969 | 10 March 1971 | 2 years, 82 days |
| | | | | | McMahon | 10 March 1971 | 2 February 1972 |
| | 12 | Bob Katter, Sr. MP |  | Country | 2 February 1972 | 5 December 1972 | 309 days |
| 13 | Lance Barnard MP |  | Labor | Whitlam | 5 December 1972 | 30 November 1973 | 360 days |

### Ministers for Air

The following served as Minister for Air:

| Order | Minister | Party | | Prime Minister | Term start | Term end | Term in office |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | James Fairbairn MP |  | United
Australia | Menzies | 13 November 1939 | 13 August 1940 | 274 days |
| 2 | Arthur Fadden MP |  | Country | | 14 August 1940 | 28 October 1940 | 75 days |
| 3 | John McEwen MP | | | | 28 October 1940 | 29 August 1941 | 344 days |
| | | | | | Fadden | 29 August 1941 | 7 October 1941 |
| 4 | Arthur Drakeford MP |  | Labor | Curtin | 7 October 1941 | 6 July 1945 | **8 years, 73 days** |
| | | | | Forde | 6 July 1945 | 13 July 1945 | |
| | | | | Chifley | 13 July 1945 | 19 December 1949 | |
| 5 | Thomas White MP |  | Liberal | Menzies | 19 December 1949 | 11 May 1951 | 1 year, 143 days |
| 6 | Philip McBride MP | | | | 11 May 1951 | 17 July 1951 | 67 days |
| 7 | William McMahon MP | | | | 17 July 1951 | 9 July 1954 | 2 years, 357 days |
| 8 | Athol Townley MP | | | | 9 July 1954 | 24 October 1956 | 2 years, 107 days |
| 9 | Frederick Osborne MP | | | | 24 October 1956 | 29 December 1960 | 4 years, 66 days |
| 10 | Senator Harrie Wade | | | | 29 December 1960 | 22 December 1961 | 358 days |
| 11 | Les Bury MP | | | | 22 December 1961 | 27 July 1962 | 217 days |
| 12 | David Fairbairn MP | | | | 27 July 1962 | 10 June 1964 | 1 year, 319 days |
| 13 | Peter Howson MP | | | | 10 June 1964 | 26 January 1966 | 3 years, 263 days |
| | | | | | Holt | 26 January 1966 | 19 December 1967 |
| | | | | | McEwen | 19 December 1967 | 10 January 1968 |
| | | | | | Gorton | 10 January 1968 | 28 February 1968 |
| | 14 | | | Gordon Freeth MP | 28 February 1968 | 13 February 1969 | 351 days |
| | 15 | | | Dudley Erwin MP | 13 February 1969 | 12 November 1969 | 272 days |
| | 16 | Senator Tom Drake-Brockman |  | Country | 12 November 1969 | 10 March 1971 | 3 years, 23 days |
| | | | | McMahon | 10 March 1971 | | 5 December 1972 |
| 17 | Lance Barnard MP |  | Labor | Whitlam | 5 December 1972 | 30 November 1973 | 360 days |

1. "2018 Parliamentary remuneration and business resources: a quick guide". *Parliament of Australia*. 6 September 2018. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
2. PMC, AG. "Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act". *www.legislation.gov.au*. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
3. "Requirements for Annual Reports" (PDF). *Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet*. 25 June 2015. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
4. "Federal Register of Legislation - Australian Government". *www.legislation.gov.au*. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
5. Elder, DR; Fowler, PE, eds. (June 2018). "Chapter 2: The Ministry". *House of Representatives Practice* (7th ed.). Canberra, Australia: Commonwealth of Australia. ISBN 978-1-74366-656-2. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
6. "Defence policy". *www.australia.gov.au*. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
7. "2016 Defence White Paper". *Australian Government, Department of Defence*. 2016.
8. The Department of Munitions was created during World War II, and existed between 11 June 1940 and April 1948.
9. Australian Parliamentary Library. "Ministries and Cabinets". *Parliamentary Handbook* (32nd ed.). Retrieved 6 September 2013.
10. "The National Government: Agreement Reached". *The Advertiser*. Adelaide. 14 February 1917. p. 7. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
11. "'Win the War' Party". *Morning Bulletin*. Rockhampton, Qld. 7 April 1917. p. 9. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
12. "'Fusion' Campaign: Joint Committee to Fight Labor". *Daily Herald*. Adelaide. 4 April 1917. p. 5. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
13. "Fawkner's New Member, Mr. Maxwell's Resolution". *The Argus*. Melbourne. 13 June 1917. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
14. "'Straight Ahead' for Nationalists". *The Daily News*. Perth. 14 June 1917. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
15. "The Federal Cabinet". *Geraldton Guardian*. Geraldton, WA. 22 December 1921. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
16. "Reconstructed Cabinet: Mr Massy Greene's Responsibilities". *Daily Herald*. Adelaide. 26 December 1921. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
17. Billy Hughes, Prime Minister of Australia (28 June 1922). "Parliamentary Debate". *Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)*. Commonwealth of Australia: House of Representatives.
18. "Federal Reshuffle". *The Brisbane Courier*. 23 December 1921. p. 3. Retrieved 25 September 2013.

## InfoBox

| Minister for Defence | |
| --- | --- |
| Commonwealth Coat of Arms | |
| Incumbent
Richard Marles
since 1 June 2022 | |
| Department of Defence | |
| Style | The Honourable (formal) |
| Member of | Parliament
Cabinet
Federal Executive Council
National Security Committee |
| Seat | Canberra |
| Appointer | Governor-General
on the advice the prime minister |
| Term length | At the Governor-General's pleasure |
| Formation | 1 January 1901 |
| First holder | James Dickson |
| Salary | $364,406 |
| Website | www.minister.defence.gov.au/current-ministers/2022-06/richard-marles |


title: Westerpark (neighbourhood)

abstract: Westerpark is a neighbourhood of Amsterdam, Netherlands. It is bordered by the Staatsliedenbuurt on the south and the Spaarndammerbuurt on the northeast and Sloterdijk area of Westpoort on the west. It is a non-residential area, containing the park by the same name, the Westergasfabriek, the Sint-Barbara cemetery, and railyards. Westerpark is also a former borough of the city, which was merged with into the borough of Amsterdam-West.

text:
# Westerpark (neighbourhood)

**Westerpark** is a neighbourhood of Amsterdam, Netherlands. It is bordered by the Staatsliedenbuurt on the south and the Spaarndammerbuurt on the northeast and Sloterdijk area of Westpoort on the west. It is a non-residential area, containing the park by the same name, the Westergasfabriek (former gas factory turned into a cultural center), the Sint-Barbara cemetery, and railyards.

Westerpark is also a former borough of the city, which was merged with into the borough of Amsterdam-West.

## InfoBox

| Westerpark | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighborhood of Amsterdam | |
| Westerpark, namesake of the neighbourhood | |
| Country | Netherlands |
| Province | North Holland |
| COROP | Amsterdam |
| Borough | West |
| Time zone | CET (UTC+01) |
| Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+02) |


title: Westerode (Bad Harzburg)

abstract: Westerode is a village that forms a part (Stadtteil) of Bad Harzburg in the district of Goslar in Lower Saxony, Germany. As of 31 December 2020, Westerode had a population of 1,089.

text:
# Westerode (Bad Harzburg)

**Westerode** (German pronunciation: \[ˈvɛstəˌʁoːdə\]) is a village that forms a part (*Stadtteil*) of Bad Harzburg in the district of Goslar in Lower Saxony, Germany. As of 31 December 2020, Westerode had a population of 1,089.

Historical populations
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1798 | 382 |  |
| 1863 | 475 | +24.3% |
| 1900 | 844 | +77.7% |
| 1939 | 1,016 | +20.4% |
| 1950 | 1,500 | +47.6% |
| 2005 | 1,148 | −23.5% |
| 2010 | 1,129 | −1.7% |
| 2015 | 1,065 | −5.7% |
| 2018 | 1,074 | +0.8% |
| 2020 | 1,089 | +1.4% |
| 1885–1939, estimated value for 1950, since 2011 | | |

## Geography

Westerode is located north of the Butterberg and Bad Harzburg city. It is penetrated by the Maschbach, a contributing creek of the Ecker.

1. "Einwohner der Gemeinden und Ortsteile Stand 31.12.2020". Landkreis Goslar. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
2. Michael Rademacher: *Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte von der Reichseinigung 1871 bis zur Wiedervereinigung 1990. Wolfenbuettel.* Retrieved September 2018; (Online-Material zur Dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
3. Landkreis Goslar (2018-11-08). "Der Landkreis Goslar im Überblick". Retrieved 2019-01-26.

## InfoBox

| Westerode | |
| --- | --- |
| Stadtteil of Bad Harzburg | |
| Developing area in Westerode, 2018 | |
| Location of Westerode | |
| Westerode Westerode | |
| Coordinates: 51°54′10″N 10°33′44″E / 51.90278°N 10.56222°E / 51.90278; 10.56222 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Lower Saxony |
| District | Bad Harzburg |
| Town | Bad Harzburg |
| Population (2020-12-31) | |
| Total | 1,089 |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 38667 |
| Dialling codes | 05322 |
| Vehicle registration | GS |


title: Miroslav Gregáň

abstract: Miroslav Gregáň is a Slovak footballer who currently plays in lower Austrian divisions as a midfielder.

text:
# Miroslav Gregáň

**Miroslav Gregáň** (born 26 April 1996) is a Slovak footballer who currently plays in lower Austrian divisions as a midfielder.

## Club career

### FK Teplice

He made his professional debut for Teplice against Příbram on 13 February 2016.

## InfoBox

Miroslav Gregáň
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Miroslav Gregáň | | |
| Date of birth | (1996-04-26) 26 April 1996 | | |
| Place of birth | Slovakia | | |
| Height | 1.76 m (5 ft 9 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | SC Harland | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 0000–2014 | Sitno Banská Štiavnica | | |
| 2011–2013 | Dukla Banská Bystrica (loan) | | |
| 2013–2014 | Pohronie (loan) | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2014–2015 | Pohronie | 34 | (3) |
| 2016 | Teplice | 7 | (0) |
| 2016–2017 | Pohronie | 27 | (2) |
| 2017 | Valašské Meziříčí | 15 | (5) |
| 2018 | Zvolen | 11 | (1) |
| 2018 | Liptovský Hrádok | 14 | (2) |
| 2019 | Dukla Banská Bystrica (loan) | 4 | (0) |
| 2019 | SC Melk | 12 | (2) |
| 2020 | Sitno Banská Štiavnica | 8 | (5) |
| 2021–2022 | SC Breitenbrunn | 22 | (3) |
| 2023– | SC Harland | 21 | (6) |
| International career | | | |
| 2016 | Slovakia U21 | 1 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 22:59, 9 January 2024 (UTC) | | | |


title: Wesermarsch

abstract: Wesermarsch is a Kreis (district) in the northwestern part of Lower Saxony, Germany. Neighboring are the districts of Cuxhaven and Osterholz, the city of Bremen in the state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, the urban district of Delmenhorst, the district of Oldenburg and the urban district of Oldenburg, and the districts of Ammerland and Friesland.

text:
# Wesermarsch

**Wesermarsch** is a *Kreis* (district) in the northwestern part of Lower Saxony, Germany. Neighboring are (from the east clockwise) the districts of Cuxhaven and Osterholz, the city of Bremen in the state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, the urban district of Delmenhorst, the district of Oldenburg and the urban district of Oldenburg, and the districts of Ammerland and Friesland.

## Geography

The district is located on the western banks of the River Weser between Bremen and the river's mouth. Several rivers cross the district from west to east, the largest being the Hunte, which runs through Oldenburg before entering Wesermarsch. In the north, the Weser mouth and the Jade Bight (a bay off the North Sea) enclose the Butjadingen peninsula. The district's largest town is located here: Nordenham, which lies opposite Bremerhaven at the Weser mouth.

## History

The district was created in 1933 by merging the *Ämter* of Butjadingen, Brake and Elsfleth, and parts of the *Ämter* of Delmenhorst and Varel.

## Partnerships

Since February 1991, the district has partnered with the German districts of Borken (North Rhine-Westphalia) and Ludwigslust (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern). A partnership with the English Borough of Havant has existed for several decades already, and in 1989 a partnership with the Russian city of Voronezh was established.

## Coat of arms

## Towns and municipalities

| Cities | Municipalities |
| --- | --- |
| 1. Brake 2. Elsfleth 3. Nordenham | 1. Berne 2. Butjadingen 3. Lemwerder 4. Jade 5. Ovelgönne 6. Stadland |

## Literature

Media related to Landkreis Wesermarsch at Wikimedia Commons

53°20′N 8°20′E / 53.33°N 8.33°E / 53.33; 8.33

## InfoBox

| Wesermarsch | |
| --- | --- |
| District | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Lower Saxony |
| Capital | Brake |
| Government | |
| District admin. | Stephan Siefken |
| Area | |
| Total | 821.87 km2 (317.33 sq mi) |
| Population (31 December 2022) | |
| Total | 89,568 |
| Density | 110/km2 (280/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Vehicle registration | BRA |
| Website | landkreis-wesermarsch.de |


title: Weyerhaeuser Steamship Company

abstract: Weyerhaeuser Steamship Company was a cargo Liner company founded in Tacoma, Washington. Weyerhaeuser Steamship Company was founded by Weyerhaeuser Company in 1933. Weyerhaeuser is one of the largest lumber and paper companies in the United States. First called the Weyerhaeuser Timber Company which started with ships for towing logs in the Northwestern United States. Weyerhaeuser started Weyerhaeuser Timber Company with a ship he acquired in 1892. The log towing ship was a 140-foot sternwheeler built for the partnership, Weyerhaeuser and Denkman Company. In 1923 Weyerhaeuser added to ocean lumber cargo ship the SS Pomona and the SS Hanley. The two ships took lumber to the East Coast. In 1933 F. Weyerhaeuser starts the Weyerhaeuser Steamship Company and moves the headquarters to Newark, New Jersey. At the outbreak of World War II the US government orders the four Weyerhaeuser to take supplies to the British army in Egypt. The next year the other four company's ships are requisitioned by the War Shipping Administration. During World War II the Weyerhaeuser Steamship Company was active in charter shipping with the Maritime Commission and War Shipping Administration. During wartime, the Weyerhaeuser Steamship Company operated Victory ships and Liberty ships. The ship was run by its crew and the US Navy supplied United States Navy Armed Guards to man the deck guns and radio. The most common armament mounted on these merchant ships were the MK II 20mm Oerlikon autocannon and the 3"/50, 4"/50, and 5"/38 deck guns. In 1942 the SS Potlatch and the SS Heffron were sunk by German U-boats torpedoes. After the war, Weyerhaeuser Steamship Company purchased four Liberty ships for intercoastal shipping service. In 1950 Weyerhaeuser Steamship Company purchases the Pacific Coast Direct Line and moves its headquarter from Newark to San Francisco. In 1962 the Weyerhaeuser Line is started and Weyerhaeuser Steamship becomes a division of Weyerhaeuser Company. In 1962 many trees fell due to the Columbus Day Storm of 1962, Weyerhaeuser Steamship Company charter ships to take the surplus of lumber Japan. Ships are chartered to carry finished forest products to Australia. In 1964 Weyerhaeuser Steamship Company expands with service to Australia, In 1967 charter "M" ships from Hoegh take lumber products to Europe. Weyerhaeuser Line headquarters moves to Tacoma in 1966. By 1969 all the post Liberty ships purchased by Weyerhaeuser Steamship Company were sold and some shipping moved to charter ships. In 1975 Weyerhaeuser contracted with Leif Höegh & Co to have built six new second generation of Container "M" ships with open-hatch and gantry-crane transport lumber to Europe, ships are delivered in 1977. Weyerhaeuser added two new "J" ships to transport newsprint from the new mill that is joint venture between Weyerhaeuser and Jujo of Tokyo at Longview, British Columbia. In 1982 Weyerhaeuser Steamship Company's name is changed to Westwood Shipping Lines, the Lines also enters in to a joint venture with Hoegh, with transpacific container shipping. Weyerhaeuser sells its Westwood Shipping Lines to J-WeSco for $53 million. J-WesCo, is a subsidiary of Sumitomo Warehouse in Japan. At the time of the sale Westwood Shipping Lines had a fleet of seven ships, with ports of call in North America, Japan, Korea and China. Westwood Shipping Lines main cargo to Aisa is newsprint, lumber, pulp and agricultural products. Returning to the US the fleet transports automotive parts, motorcycles, parts for Boeing airplanes, outboard engines, tires and heavy cargo like generators.

text:
# Weyerhaeuser Steamship Company

**Weyerhaeuser Steamship Company** was a cargo Liner company founded in Tacoma, Washington. Weyerhaeuser Steamship Company was founded by Weyerhaeuser Company in 1933. Weyerhaeuser is one of the largest lumber and paper companies in the United States. First called the Weyerhaeuser Timber Company which started with ships for towing logs in the Northwestern United States. Weyerhaeuser started Weyerhaeuser Timber Company with a ship he acquired in 1892. The log towing ship was a 140-foot sternwheeler built for the partnership, **Weyerhaeuser and Denkman Company**. In 1923 Weyerhaeuser added to ocean lumber cargo ship the SS *Pomona* and the SS *Hanley*. The two ships took lumber to the East Coast. In 1933 F. Weyerhaeuser starts the Weyerhaeuser Steamship Company and moves the headquarters to Newark, New Jersey. At the outbreak of World War II the US government orders the four Weyerhaeuser to take supplies to the British army in Egypt. The next year the other four company's ships are requisitioned by the War Shipping Administration. During World War II the Weyerhaeuser Steamship Company was active in charter shipping with the Maritime Commission and War Shipping Administration. During wartime, the Weyerhaeuser Steamship Company operated Victory ships and Liberty ships. The ship was run by its crew and the US Navy supplied United States Navy Armed Guards to man the deck guns and radio. The most common armament mounted on these merchant ships were the MK II 20mm Oerlikon autocannon and the 3"/50, 4"/50, and 5"/38 deck guns. In 1942 the SS *Potlatch* and the SS *Heffron* were sunk by German U-boats torpedoes. After the war, Weyerhaeuser Steamship Company purchased four Liberty ships for intercoastal shipping service. In 1950 Weyerhaeuser Steamship Company purchases the Pacific Coast Direct Line and moves its headquarter from Newark to San Francisco. In 1962 the **Weyerhaeuser Line** is started and Weyerhaeuser Steamship becomes a division of Weyerhaeuser Company.

In 1962 many trees fell due to the Columbus Day Storm of 1962, Weyerhaeuser Steamship Company charter ships to take the surplus of lumber Japan. Ships are chartered to carry finished forest products to Australia (the first Weyerhaeuser transportation of finished products to a foreign market). In 1964 Weyerhaeuser Steamship Company expands with service to Australia, In 1967 charter "M" ships from Hoegh take lumber products to Europe. Weyerhaeuser Line headquarters moves to Tacoma in 1966. By 1969 all the post Liberty ships purchased by Weyerhaeuser Steamship Company were sold and some shipping moved to charter ships.

In 1975 Weyerhaeuser contracted with Leif Höegh & Co to have built six new second generation of Container "M" ships with open-hatch and gantry-crane transport lumber to Europe, ships are delivered in 1977. Weyerhaeuser added two new "J" ships to transport newsprint from the new mill that is joint venture between Weyerhaeuser and Jujo of Tokyo at Longview, British Columbia.

In 1982 Weyerhaeuser Steamship Company's name is changed to **Westwood Shipping Lines**, the Lines also enters in to a joint venture with Hoegh, with transpacific container shipping. Weyerhaeuser sells its Westwood Shipping Lines to J-WeSco for $53 million. J-WesCo, is a subsidiary of Sumitomo Warehouse in Japan. At the time of the sale Westwood Shipping Lines had a fleet of seven ships, with ports of call in North America, Japan, Korea and China. Westwood Shipping Lines main cargo to Aisa is newsprint, lumber, pulp and agricultural products. Returning to the US the fleet transports automotive parts, motorcycles, parts for Boeing airplanes, outboard engines, tires and heavy cargo like generators.

## Ships

* Pomona
* Hanley
* Hanley
* Hegira
* Heffron sank by mined on July 5, 1942, off Ireland
* Klamath
* Winona, sank by U-boat October 16, 1942 off Trinidad
* Pennsylvania sank as SS Tanar in 1959
* Potlatch sank in 1942 by Uboat off Virgin Islands
* F. E. Weyerhaeuser (was James Kenny, Liberty ship) (collision with Pacific on September 8, 1955)
* John Weyerhaeuser (was Edward Haines, Liberty ship)
* Horace Irvine (was Louis Bamberger, Liberty ship)
* George S. Long (was Dexter W. Fellows, Liberty ship)
* W. H. Peabody (was Mary Pickersgill, Liberty ship)
* C. R. Moser (was George E. Waldo, Liberty ship)
* Y. L. McCormick
* Nashua Victory (chartered in the 1960s)
* Frontenac Victory (chartered in the 1960s)
* Columbia Victory(chartered in the 1960s)
* Central Victory (chartered in the 1960s)

* Tug B532
* Tug B533
* Tug B 534
* Tug B535m
* Tug MB317
* Tug B141
* Tug B142
* Tug B143
* Tug MB318
* Tug B210
* Tug B213
* Tug B214
* Tug B 256
* Tug B 257
* Tug B 258
* Tug B 228
* Tug B 212
* Tug B 213
* Tug B 214
* Tug B 225
* Tug B 226
* Tug MB319
* Tug B540
* Tug B552
* Tug B541
* Tug M.B. 310
* Tug Sandra May
* Tug B144
* Tug M.B. 307
* Tug B551
* Tug B145
* Tug B147
* Tug B148
* Tug MB313
* Tug B545
* Tug B546
* Tug B544
* Tug B547
* Tug B548
* Tug Kelsey Don
* Tug Northern Falcon
* Tug MB037
* Tug Burrard Cleaner No. 9
* Tug M.B. 303
    + Tugboats by Benson Bros. Shipbuilding in 1969
* Tug B211
* Tug B215
* Tug B216
* Tug B217
* Tug B219
    + Tugboats by Alberni Engineering in 1989 - 1990
* Tug B138
* Tug B138
* Tug B138
* Tug B138
* Speed boat B550
* sidewinder tug B551
* sidewinder tug B552
* sidewinder tug B553

## Chartered from Leif Hoegh

Leif Hoegh charter from 1967 to 1981 44,000-ton, 660-ft-long built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, open-hatch general cargo ships:

## Westwood Shipping Lines ships

Weyerhaeuser's Westwood Shipping Lines ships: Westwood are 656-foot “con-bulker” can carry both bulk products and containers. Can displaces 59,531 tons when fully loaded.

## World War II ships

Liberty ships operated under charter during and after World War II:

* Barney Kirschbaum
* Mary Pickersgill
* Mary Walker
* Mason L. Weems
* Dexter W. Fellows
* Coeur d'Alene Victory
* SS Fordham Victory
* Edgar Allan Poe, Torpedoed November 8, 1942, did not sink, used as store ship.
* Edward B. Haines
* Leo J. Duster
* Lilian Wald
* Louis Bamberger
* Abigail S. Duniway
* Alexander Graham Bell, Hit mine, repaired
* Walt Whitman, damaged repaired
* William Dawes sank July 21, 1942 Japanese submarine I11
* George Clement Perkins
* George G. Meade, Damaged, repaired
* George L. Baker
* George W. Campbell
* Joseph G. Cannon, Damaged, repaired
* Joseph J. Kinyoun
* James Kerney
* Solomon Juneau, Hit by torpedoed off France April 9, 1945, repaired.
* William S. Ladd, Sank on Dec. 10, 1944 after Japanese Kamikaze attack in Leyte Harbour, Philippines.
* Charles John Seghers
* Samuel Gompers Sank Jan. 29, 1943 after torpedoed from Japanese submarine I10 off New Caledonia
* John H. Couch sank by aerial torpedoed Oct. 11, 1943
* Juan de Fuca Torpedoed and damaged by a Japanese aircraft, repiared

Victory ships operated under charter during and after World War II:

## InfoBox

Weyerhaeuser Steamship Company
| Company type | Private |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Shipping, transportation |
| Founded | 1933 (1933) in Tacoma, Washington, United States |
| Defunct | 1980 |
| Successor | Westwood Shipping Lines, then J-WesCo |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Key people | F. Weyerhaeuser, Phil Weyerhaeuser Jr. |
| Parent | Weyerhaeuser |
| Subsidiaries | Westwood Shipping Lines |


title: West Boulevard Historic District

abstract: The West Boulevard Historic District encompasses a historic residential development on West Boulevard and Rodney Street in the West End of Hartford, Connecticut. The area was developed beginning in 1909, and most of its homes were built by a single construction firm, creating a neighborhood appearance unified by style, scale, and setting, using the principles of the then-fashionable City Beautiful movement. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

text:
# West Boulevard Historic District

The **West Boulevard Historic District** encompasses a historic residential development on West Boulevard and Rodney Street in the West End of Hartford, Connecticut. The area was developed beginning in 1909, and most of its homes were built by a single construction firm, creating a neighborhood appearance unified by style, scale, and setting, using the principles of the then-fashionable City Beautiful movement. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

## Description and history

The area where West Boulevard is located in Hartford's southwest was in the late 19th century the country estate of Horace Fox, the owner of a local lumber company. It was one of the West End's last areas of open space. Fox began considering plans for development of the land as early as 1896, when period maps show proposed routes for West Boulevard. In line with the ideas of the City Beautiful movement, Fox envisioned a broad parkway extending from Prospect Avenue in the west to Forest Street in the east. Of this vision, only the western portion was actually implemented. West Boulevard was laid out from Prospect to South Whitney Street as a four-lane boulevard with a broad central median, with shade trees planted in the median and on the flanking sides. Fox sold off house lots in the 1910s and 1920s, mainly to developers, who then built houses and sold them to generally upwardly mobile residents.

The historic district encompasses those blocks of West Boulevard, as well as about 1/2 block north of West Boulevard on Rodney Street, which was also built out at the same time. The houses are generally unified by their scale and setback from the road, and by their wood frame construction. Stylistically they are also quite similar, with most built in the then-fashionable Colonial Revival style. Most of them were built by the development firm of Freeburg, Erickson, and Felth, and have no architect credited in city records. Andrew Freeburg, one of the principals in the firm, lived and had his principal place of business at West Boulevard and South Whitney Street.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| West Boulevard Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Roughly along Rodney St., and West Boulevard, Hartford, Connecticut |
| Coordinates | 41°45′41″N 72°42′38″W / 41.76139°N 72.71056°W / 41.76139; -72.71056 |
| Area | 12 acres (4.9 ha) |
| Built | 1909 (1909) |
| Architect | Zunner, George A., Sr. |
| Architectural style | Colonial Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 06000615 |
| Added to NRHP | March 22, 2007 |