title: Nanomechanics

abstract:
Nanomechanics is a branch of nanoscience studying fundamental mechanical properties of physical systems at the nanometer scale. Nanomechanics has emerged on the crossroads of biophysics, classical mechanics, solid-state physics, statistical mechanics, materials science, and quantum chemistry. As an area of nanoscience, nanomechanics provides a scientific foundation of nanotechnology. Nanomechanics is that branch of nanoscience which deals with the study and application of fundamental mechanical properties of physical systems at the nanoscale, such as elastic, thermal and kinetic material properties. Often, nanomechanics is viewed as a branch of nanotechnology, i.e., an applied area with a focus on the mechanical properties of engineered nanostructures and nanosystems. Examples of the latter include nanomachines, nanoparticles, nanopowders, nanowires, nanorods, nanoribbons, nanotubes, including carbon nanotubes (CNT) and boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs); nanoshells, nanomembranes, nanocoatings, nanocomposite/nanostructured materials,; nanomotors, etc. Some of the well-established fields of nanomechanics are: nanomaterials, nanotribology, nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), and nanofluidics. As a fundamental science, nanomechanics is based on some empirical principles, namely general mechanics principles and specific principles arising from the smallness of physical sizes of the object of study. General mechanics principles include:
  - Energy and momentum conservation principles
  - Variational Hamilton's principle
  - Symmetry principles Due to smallness of the studied object, nanomechanics also accounts for:
  - Discreteness of the object, whose size is comparable with the interatomic distances
  - Plurality, but finiteness, of degrees of freedom in the object
  - Importance of thermal fluctuations
  - Importance of entropic effects
  - Importance of quantum effects These principles serve to provide a basic insight into novel mechanical properties of nanometer objects. Novelty is understood in the sense that these properties are not present in similar macroscale objects or much different from the properties of those. In particular, smallness of the subject itself gives rise to various surface effects determined by higher surface-to-volume ratio of nanostructures, and thus affects mechanoenergetic and thermal properties of nanostructures. Discreteness serves a fundamental reason, for instance, for the dispersion of mechanical waves in solids, and some special behavior of basic elastomechanics solutions at small scales. Plurality of degrees of freedom and the rise of thermal fluctuations are the reasons for thermal tunneling of nanoparticles through potential barriers, as well as for the cross-diffusion of liquids and solids. Smallness and thermal fluctuations provide the basic reasons of the Brownian motion of nanoparticles. Increased importance of thermal fluctuations and configuration entropy at the nanoscale give rise to superelasticity, entropic elasticity, and other exotic types of elasticity of nanostructures. Aspects of configuration entropy are also of great interest in the context self-organization and cooperative behavior of open nanosystems. Quantum effects determine forces of interaction between individual atoms in physical objects, which are introduced in nanomechanics by means of some averaged mathematical models called interatomic potentials. Subsequent utilization of the interatomic potentials within the classical multibody dynamics provide deterministic mechanical models of nano structures and systems at the atomic scale/resolution. Numerical methods of solution of these models are called molecular dynamics (MD), and sometimes molecular mechanics. Non-deterministic numerical approaches include Monte Carlo, Kinetic More-Carlo (KMC), and other methods. Contemporary numerical tools include also hybrid multiscale approaches allowing concurrent or sequential utilization of the atomistic scale methods with the continuum (macro) scale methods within a single mathematical model. Development of these complex methods is a separate subject of applied mechanics research. Quantum effects also determine novel electrical, optical and chemical properties of nanostructures, and therefore they find even greater attention in adjacent areas of nanoscience and nanotechnology, such as nanoelectronics, advanced energy systems, and nanobiotechnology.

text:
# Nanomechanics

**Nanomechanics** is a branch of *nanoscience* studying fundamental *mechanical* (elastic, thermal and kinetic) properties of physical systems at the nanometer scale. Nanomechanics has emerged on the crossroads of biophysics, classical mechanics, solid-state physics, statistical mechanics, materials science, and quantum chemistry. As an area of nanoscience, nanomechanics provides a scientific foundation of nanotechnology.

Nanomechanics is that branch of nanoscience which deals with the study and application of fundamental mechanical properties of physical systems at the nanoscale, such as elastic, thermal and kinetic material properties.

Often, nanomechanics is viewed as a *branch* of nanotechnology, i.e., an applied area with a focus on the mechanical properties of *engineered* nanostructures and nanosystems (systems with nanoscale components of importance). Examples of the latter include nanomachines, nanoparticles, nanopowders, nanowires, nanorods, nanoribbons, nanotubes, including carbon nanotubes (CNT) and boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs); nanoshells, nanomembranes, nanocoatings, nanocomposite/nanostructured materials, (fluids with dispersed nanoparticles); nanomotors, etc.

Some of the well-established *fields of nanomechanics* are: nanomaterials, nanotribology (friction, wear and contact mechanics at the nanoscale), nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), and nanofluidics.

As a fundamental science, nanomechanics is based on some empirical principles (basic observations), namely general mechanics principles and specific principles arising from the smallness of physical sizes of the object of study.

General mechanics principles include:

Due to smallness of the studied object, nanomechanics also accounts for:

These principles serve to provide a basic insight into novel mechanical properties of nanometer objects. Novelty is understood in the sense that these properties are not present in similar macroscale objects or much different from the properties of those (e.g., nanorods vs. usual macroscopic beam structures). In particular, smallness of the subject itself gives rise to various surface effects determined by higher surface-to-volume ratio of nanostructures, and thus affects mechanoenergetic and thermal properties (melting point, heat capacitance, etc.) of nanostructures. Discreteness serves a fundamental reason, for instance, for the dispersion of mechanical waves in solids, and some special behavior of basic elastomechanics solutions at small scales. Plurality of degrees of freedom and the rise of thermal fluctuations are the reasons for thermal tunneling of nanoparticles through potential barriers, as well as for the cross-diffusion of liquids and solids. Smallness and thermal fluctuations provide the basic reasons of the Brownian motion of nanoparticles. Increased importance of thermal fluctuations and configuration entropy at the nanoscale give rise to superelasticity, entropic elasticity (entropic forces), and other exotic types of elasticity of nanostructures. Aspects of configuration entropy are also of great interest in the context self-organization and cooperative behavior of open nanosystems.

Quantum effects determine *forces of interaction* between individual atoms in physical objects, which are introduced in nanomechanics by means of some averaged mathematical models called *interatomic potentials*.

Subsequent utilization of the interatomic potentials within the classical multibody dynamics provide deterministic mechanical models of nano structures and systems at the atomic scale/resolution. Numerical methods of solution of these models are called *molecular dynamics* (MD), and sometimes *molecular mechanics* (especially, in relation to statically equilibrated (still) models). Non-deterministic numerical approaches include Monte Carlo, Kinetic More-Carlo (KMC), and other methods. Contemporary numerical tools include also hybrid *multiscale approaches* allowing concurrent or sequential utilization of the atomistic scale methods (usually, MD) with the continuum (macro) scale methods (usually, field emission microscopy) within a single mathematical model. Development of these complex methods is a separate subject of applied mechanics research.

Quantum effects also determine novel electrical, optical and chemical properties of nanostructures, and therefore they find even greater attention in adjacent areas of nanoscience and nanotechnology, such as nanoelectronics, advanced energy systems, and nanobiotechnology.

* Sattler KD. Handbook of Nanophysics: Vol. 1 Principles and Methods. CRC Press, 2011.
* Bhushan B (editor). Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology, 2nd edition. Springer, 2007.
* Liu WK, Karpov EG, Park HS. Nano Mechanics and Materials: Theory, Multiscale Methods and Applications. Wiley, 2006.
* Cleland AN. Foundations of Nanomechanics. Springer, 2003.
* Valeh I. Bakhshali. Nanomechanics and its applications: mechanical properties of materials. International E-Conference on Engineering, Technology and Management - ICETM 2020.


title: Yushin Maru No. 3

abstract: The Yushin Maru No. 3 is a Japanese-registered whale catcher that undertakes whaling operations in the North Pacific Ocean and Southern Ocean. Along with other vessels of the Japanese whaling fleet she has been featured on American television, in the documentary-style reality series Whale Wars. Yūshin Maru No. 3 was built in 2007 and replaced the Kyo Maru No. 1, which was later preserved as a museum ship in Taiji, Japan.

text:
# Yushin Maru No. 3

The ***Yushin Maru No. 3*** (第三勇新丸, *Daisan Yūshin Maru*) is a Japanese-registered whale catcher that undertakes whaling operations in the North Pacific Ocean and Southern Ocean. Along with other vessels of the Japanese whaling fleet she has been featured on American television, in the documentary-style reality series *Whale Wars*.

*Yūshin Maru No. 3* was built in 2007 and replaced the *Kyo Maru No. 1*, which was later preserved as a museum ship in Taiji, Japan.

## InfoBox

| A render of the *Yūshin Maru* type whale catcher. | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Japan | |
| Name | *Yushin Maru* |
| Owner | Kyodo Senpaku Kaisha, Ltd. |
| Operator | Institute of Cetacean Research |
| Port of registry | Tokyo, Japan |
| Builder | Naikai Shipbuilding & Engineering, Setoda |
| Launched | 3 July 2007 |
| Identification |  |
| Status | in active service |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Whaler |
| Tonnage | 742 gross tonnage (GT) |
| Length | 69.61 m (228.4 ft) o/a |
| Beam | 11 m (36 ft 1 in) (moulded) |
| Height | 19.5 m (64 ft) |
| Draft | 5 m (16 ft 5 in) |
| Installed power | 5280 PS / 3900 kW |
| Crew | 8 |


title: Zdzisław Bromek

abstract: Zdzisław Bromek is a retired Polish rower who specialized in the single sculls. In this event he won eight national titles and finished in seventh place at the 1968 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Zdzisław Bromek

**Zdzisław Bromek** (born 18 November 1945) is a retired Polish rower who specialized in the single sculls. In this event he won eight national titles (1968–1974 and 1976) and finished in seventh place at the 1968 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

Zdzisław Bromek
| Zdzisław Bromek in 1970 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1945-11-18) 18 November 1945<br>Kraków, Poland |
| Height | 1.87 m (6 ft 2 in) |
| Weight | 84 kg (185 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Rowing |
| Club | AZS Kraków |


title: Yusuf Bey

abstract: Yusuf Bey was an American Black Muslim activist and leader who was a member of the Lost-Found Nation of Islam, an offshoot of Louis Farrakhan's Nation of Islam (NOI). After discovering the teachings of Elijah Muhammed in the 1960s, he adopted the name Yusuf Bey and moved to Oakland, California, and then Santa Barbara, California, where in 1968 he opened a bakery. The bakery moved to Oakland by 1971. Renamed Your Black Muslim Bakery, it became the center of a local Black nationalist community. Held out at the time as a model of African-American economic self-sufficiency, the business fell apart after Bey's death and a series of murders linked to criminal activities.

text:
# Yusuf Bey

**Yusuf Bey** (born **Joseph Stephens**; December 21, 1935 – September 30, 2003) was an American Black Muslim activist and leader who was a member of the Lost-Found Nation of Islam, an offshoot of Louis Farrakhan's Nation of Islam (NOI).

After discovering the teachings of Elijah Muhammed in the 1960s, he adopted the name Yusuf Bey and moved to Oakland, California, and then Santa Barbara, California, where in 1968 he opened a bakery. The bakery moved to Oakland by 1971. Renamed Your Black Muslim Bakery, it became the center of a local Black nationalist community. Held out at the time as a model of African-American economic self-sufficiency, the business fell apart after Bey's death and a series of murders linked to criminal activities.

## Biography

### Early years

Bey was born and raised in Greenville, Texas. As a student in the early 1950s, he moved with his family to Oakland, California, where he attended Oakland Technical High School, and then enlisted for four years in the U.S. Air Force. He first obtained a cosmetology degree and ran beauty salons in neighboring Berkeley and then in the southern city of Santa Barbara before going into the bakery business instead. Having converted to Islam in 1964, Bey founded the Islamic bakery in Santa Barbara in 1968. The group was not affiliated with Louis Farrakhan's movement, the Nation of Islam, though early connections and similarities were evident. Nation of Islam minister Keith Muhammad, of East Oakland's Muhammad Mosque #26, stated that the two organizations are distinct and separate.

The baked goods Bey sold were in accordance with strict Muslim diets and free of refined sugar, fats, and preservatives. He named the business Your Black Muslim Bakery on the personal recommendation of his spiritual guide, the Nation of Islam leader Elijah Muhammad. In 1971, Bey moved the bakery to Oakland.

### Black Muslim era

Although the bakery was not affiliated with the Nation of Islam, Yusuf Bey's activism originated with that group. After he came to Oakland in the early 1970s, Bey became a member of the 200-member Nation of Islam Mosque No. 26 in San Francisco, which had a strict fundamentalist reputation of strictly adhering to the edicts from the Nation's Chicago headquarters. At that time Bey went by the name **Capt. Joseph X**.

Prior to establishing Mosque No. 26B, Joseph Stephens (he had not yet changed his name to Bey) and his brother, Minister Billy X, opened a mosque in Santa Barbara, California. He became the Secretary of the mosque and his brother was the minister.

Together with Bey's brother, Minister Billy X Stephens, the two men then received permission to establish a new congregation, Mosque No. 26B, in Oakland. Around that time the two Bey brothers associated with a single young woman named Capt. Felicia X, who was the head of a training program for women in the San Francisco mosque. Felicia X then defected to the brothers' new Mosque No. 26B. Minister Henry Majied, the leader of Mosque No. 26, then retaliated with charges against Felicia X, sparking a bitter rivalry between the two mosques.

Part of the rivalry stemmed from competition over selling of *Muhammad Speaks* newspapers on the streets. Bey's group outsold the San Francisco group, but did it partly by selling to whites, violating the Nation's written policy to not sell where whites might buy it. Minister Henry retaliated by ordering his members to confiscate any copies of the newspaper if they saw any of Bey's group selling them downtown to whites. As a result, Elijah Muhammad expelled Minister Henry, for ordering Muslims to "attack" other Muslims.

After 1972, the Beys and the bakery split off from Mosque No. 26B, and from the Nation of Islam. Bey's brother, Minister Billy, returned to the Nation of Islam before the Million Man March in 1995. Currently, he remains active with the movement where he lives in Las Vegas, Nevada.

### *Soul Beat* era

By the mid-1980s, Bey appeared regularly on a local Oakland *Soul Beat* cable television lecture program, *True Solutions*, during which he broadcast his hour-long sermons every week on station KSBT. On the program Bey also promoted the bakery and frequently expounded on the need for the economic self-reliance and "knowledge of self" of African-Americans, whom he lectured the audience as being the "Original Man", a racially charged idea deriving from Nation of Islam doctrine. Bey repeated the NOI doctrine of Yakub, which teaches that the non-black races are the result of a 6,000-year-old genetic experiment conducted in a mythic black utopia on the Arabian peninsula, which "peopled the world with "blue-eyed devils." Bey even went as far as to proclaim repeatedly in his sermons that the black man "is God," essentially avatars of Allah, and the white man "is the Devil."

### Death of Akbar Bey

In 1994, Yusuf's son Akbar Bey was shot four times and killed by a local drug dealer associate outside the old Omni nightclub near the corner of Shattuck Avenue and 50th Street. Court records showed the pathologist's conclusion that Akbar Bey was high on heroin or morphine at the time of his death. An Oakland police lieutenant described Akbar Bey as "a little street thug" once seen well-armed and wearing a bulletproof vest in a blatant show of force to the police. Three months before his killing, Akbar Bey had been charged with felony counts of carrying a concealed weapon and evading the police, resulting in a car chase and crash at 44th Street and Market Street.

### Crimes of Nedir and Abaz Bey

On March 4, 1994, followers and self-proclaimed "adopted" sons of Bey (they were never legally adopted), Nedir Bey and Abaz Bey were involved in the torture and beating of a Nigerian home-seller in an apartment on the 500 block of 24th Street in Oakland over a real estate deal. The complex served as a compound for the Bey organization. The two Beys and two other men were charged with felony counts of assault, robbery, and false imprisonment. A year later, following a plea deal, Nedir Bey served six months of home detention, and Abaz Bey got eight months' home detention.

Primarily through lobbying and orchestrating by Nedir, who was the public face of the Bey organization, Yusuf Bey cultivated the patronage of Oakland's civic, political, and religious leaders. In 1994, he ran unsuccessfully for mayor against then-incumbent Oakland Mayor Elihu Harris, gaining 5% of the vote.

### Felony charges and warrant

Yusuf Bey's detractors—notably *East Bay Express* journalist Chris Thompson—accused Bey of cultism, corruption, and antisemitism. Many accusations of physical and sexual abuse, including rape and incest, sustained by DNA evidence, were made against Bey, culminating in felony charges that were pending at the time of his death.

On September 19, 2002, Bey turned himself in when a warrant was issued for his arrest, charged with 27 counts in the alleged rapes of four girls under the age of 14. The cases were pending trial into the following year. The oldest allegation was that, beginning twenty years earlier, he had serially raped a pre-teen girl who came under the foster care of Bey and his wife Nora Bey. In her request for a temporary restraining order one month prior to the arrest, the woman claimed that Bey's wife also knew of the serial rapes, but did nothing. The girl gave birth to a child at the age of 13 in 1982. Oakland's district attorney's office claimed to have conclusive DNA evidence identifying Bey as the father.

Bey's first attorney in the criminal case was Andrew Dósa, who also represented him in a companion family law case for custody and support brought by the woman. Attorney Lorna Patton Brown represented Bey in the criminal case at the time of his death.

### Death

On September 30, 2003, before trial began on the first case, Bey died from cancer at the age of 67 in Oakland, California.

### Yusuf Bey IV

Bey's son Yusuf Bey IV has been the subject of a series of civil claims and criminal investigations. Investigative reports in 2006 and 2007 uncovered his links to at least three murders, widespread housing and welfare fraud, indentured servitude, and physical and sexual abuse. In 2011, Bey IV was convicted of ordering three murders, including the murder of Oakland journalist Chauncey Bailey, and was sentenced to life in prison.

### Sayyed Yusuf Bey

Sayyed Yusuf "Weedy" Bey was one of Yusuf Bey's older sons and his mother was Shamsun. Sayyed graduated from Elijah Educational Center in 1994. He worked as a cameraman, filming his father's weekly television program *True Solutions*. Sayyed also worked as a master baker at landmark family business Your Black Muslim Bakery. In 1997, he moved to Los Angeles and worked with the Wayans family to run and eventually own Quick N Shine Auto Detail. On February 24, 2009, after becoming gravely ill, Sayyed took his own life and was found in his home on Burnside Ave by his ex-girlfriend. His body was shipped to Oakland, California and due to the nature of his head trauma, the family had a closed casket ceremony. Sayyed was buried next to his father and brothers Akbar and Antar in a Rolling Hills, California Cemetery.

## InfoBox

| Yusuf Bey | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Joseph Stephens
(1935-12-21)December 21, 1935
Greenville, Texas, U.S. |
| Died | September 30, 2003(2003-09-30) (aged 67)
Oakland, California, U.S. |
| Occupation(s) | Activist and religious leader |
| Organization | Your Black Muslim Bakery |
| Title | Bey |
| Notes | |
|  | |


title: Yusuf Bin Ahmed Kanoo Group

abstract: The Yusuf Bin Ahmed Kanoo Group is a privately held business conglomerate established in 1890. It is one of the largest family-owned multinationals in the Middle East, with complementary businesses and strategic partnerships. It has a physical presence across the Middle East, North Africa, Europe and Asia, and a 4,000-strong workforce, covering a broad range of sectors. Its business groups include: Kanoo Capital, Industrial & Energy, Travel, Shipping & Logistics and Real Estate.

text:
# Yusuf Bin Ahmed Kanoo Group

The **Yusuf Bin Ahmed Kanoo Group** (also known as: *YBA Kanoo Group*) is a privately held business conglomerate established in 1890. It is one of the largest family-owned multinationals in the Middle East, with complementary businesses and strategic partnerships. It has a physical presence across the Middle East, North Africa, Europe and Asia, and a 4,000-strong workforce, covering a broad range of sectors. Its business groups include: Kanoo Capital, Industrial & Energy, Travel, Shipping & Logistics and Real Estate.

## History

Established in the Kingdom of Bahrain in 1890 by *Haji* Yusuf bin Ahmed Kanoo as a small family trading and shipping business, the YBA Kanoo Group evolved into a diversified conglomerate that provides a broad range of products and services. YBA Kanoo has wholly owned activities across the Persian Gulf, in Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, UAE (as The Kanoo Group), Oman, and Qatar, and expanding beyond the region to cover Egypt, South Africa, UK, France and India. It is a trusted trading name in the region, and cited by Bahrain's King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa as a key contributor to economic growth and development.

## Business Groups

Kanoo Group consists of the following business groups:

### Kanoo Capital

Kanoo Capital manages the group's investments, providing high inflation-adjusted returns to support both the current and long-term needs of the Group. Its investment approach is a hybrid model of direct securities trading and long-term investment, which seeks appropriate risk-adjusted asset allocation.

### Industrial & Energy

YBA Kanoo's largest division is Industrial & Energy, which was restructured in 2018 to transform from being a sector-focused business and streamlining into five business units groups. The units are: Small to Medium Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC), Fabrication & Construction, Operations & Maintenance, Plant & Machinery and Drilling & Chemicals. It represents leading global brands such as Grove, Manitowoc, Hyster, Perkins and Bobcat. Its client base includes Saudi Aramco, SABIC, Ma’aden, Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC), and BAPCO. The division has more than 15 branches across Saudi Arabia, UAE, Bahrain, Oman and Qatar.

### Kanoo Travel

Kanoo Travel launched in the late 1930s, and was the first IATA member agency in the GCC. It has since grown to become the largest travel company in the Middle East, with over 900 employees across the region, operating a network of 70 IATA locations.

It has established partnerships in Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, the UAE, Qatar, Oman, Egypt, Lebanon, the United Kingdom and France. YBA Kanoo's Travel division specialises in corporate travel, Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Events (MICE), leisure and holiday travel, airline representation and marine travel.

Kanoo Travel represents American Express in Bahrain and Saudi Arabia, with which it has a master franchise agreement covering the Levant, North Africa, the GCC, Iraq, and the CIS countries.

### Shipping and logistics

#### Kanoo Shipping

Kanoo Shipping operates in 20 countries. It now assists over 17,000 ships calls a year through a network that covers all ports from the Suez Canal to Sri Lanka and East/South Africa.

In addition to its offices and joint ventures in the Arabian Peninsula, Egypt, and South Africa, the Company's regional network operates through partnerships in Jordan, Lebanon, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Seychelles, Kenya, Tanzania, and Mozambique.

#### Kanoo Logistics

Kanoo Logistics is one of the largest logistics companies in the region. The division has a presence throughout the GCC, and facilities in Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, the UAE (Dubai, Jebel Ali and Abu Dhabi), Oman, and Qatar.

### Real Estate

Real Estate's portfolio covers a range of diversified properties in locations that include residential, commercial, and industrial real estate across Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. The division's core lines of business include project development, project management, asset management, and facilities management.

Partnerships, joint ventures and related businesses include Maersk, BDP International, BASF, Johnson Arabia, Akzo Nobel, Bahrain Airport Services, National Bank of Bahrain, Gulf Hotels Group, BASREC, Freightworks, Larsen & Toubro.

## InfoBox

Yusuf Bin Ahmed Kanoo Group
يوسف بن أحمد كانو
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Founded | 1890 (1890) |
| Headquarters | Manama, Bahrain |
| Key people | Khalid Mohammed Kanoo
(Group Chairman)
Fawzi Ahmed Kanoo
(Deputy Chairman)
Maarten Geeraerts (Group Chief Executive Officer) |
| Divisions | Kanoo Capital, Industrial & Energy, Kanoo Travel, Shipping & Logistics, and Real Estate |
| Website | http://www.kanoo.com |


title: Zdeňka Šilhavá

abstract: Zdeňka Bartoňová-Šilhavá is a retired female track and field athlete from the Czech Republic, who set the world record in the women's discus throw on 26 August 1984 with a distance of 74.56 metres (244.6 ft). That mark still is the national record. Šilhavá represented Czechoslovakia at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, finishing in sixth place in the women's discus, and in eleventh place in the women's shot put event. She threw again in the 1996 Summer Olympics at the age of 42. Three years after the Olympics, she threw masters W45 world records in both the shot put and discus that still stand.

text:
# Zdeňka Šilhavá

**Zdeňka Bartoňová-Šilhavá** (born 15 June 1954 in Krnov, Czechoslovakia) is a retired female track and field athlete from the Czech Republic, who set the world record in the women's discus throw on 26 August 1984 with a distance of 74.56 metres (244.6 ft). That mark still is the national record.

Šilhavá represented Czechoslovakia at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, finishing in sixth place (67.84 metres (222.6 ft)) in the women's discus, and in eleventh place in the women's shot put event (18.86 metres (61.9 ft)). She threw again in the 1996 Summer Olympics at the age of 42. Three years after the Olympics, she threw masters W45 world records in both the shot put and discus that still stand.

## Doping

Šilhavá tested positive for anabolic steroids at the European Cup in Moscow in August 1985 and was subsequently banned for life by the European Athletics Federation. The ban was later reduced to 18 months by the IAAF.

## Personal life

She is married to discus thrower Josef Šilhavý.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Representing  Czechoslovakia | | | | | |
| 1982 | European Championships | Athens, Greece | 9th | Shot put | 18.46 m |
| | | | 13th | Discus | 56.16 m |
| 1983 | World Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 6th | Discus | 64.32 m |
| | | | 9th | Shot put | 19.00 m |
| 1987 | World Championships | Rome, Italy | 6th | Discus | 64.82 m |
| 1988 | Olympic Games | Seoul, South Korea | 6th | Discus | 67.84 m |
| | | | 11th | Shot put | 18.86 m |
| Representing the  Czech Republic | | | | | |
| 1993 | World Championships | Stuttgart, Germany | 22nd (q) | Discus | 57.16 m |
| 1994 | European Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 12th | Discus | 55.04 m |
| 1995 | World Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 24th (q) | Discus | 56.38 m |
| 1996 | Olympic Games | Atlanta, United States | 19th (q) | Discus | 59.24 m |


title: Zhadu, Lengshuijiang

abstract: Zhadu Town is a rural town in Lengshuijiang, Loudi City, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China. As of the 2015 census it had a population of 32,000 and an area of 74.97-square-kilometre (28.95 sq mi).

text:
# Zhadu, Lengshuijiang

**Zhadu Town** (simplified Chinese: 渣渡镇; traditional Chinese: 渣渡鎮; pinyin: *Zhādù Zhèn*) is a rural town in Lengshuijiang, Loudi City, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China. As of the 2015 census it had a population of 32,000 and an area of 74.97-square-kilometre (28.95 sq mi).

## History

In 2015, Zilong Township was merged into Zhadu Town.

## Administrative division

The town is divided into 13 villages and 2 communities, the following areas: Zhadu Community, Mufeng Community, Chaishan Village, Dishui Village, Fuxing Village, Heping Village, Houjia Village, Limin Village, Mugua Village, Shangtie Village, Shuangfeng Village, Tieshan Village, Yinxi Village, Zhadu Village, and Zifang Village (渣渡社区、木丰社区、柴山村、滴水村、复兴村、和平村、候家村、利民村、木瓜村、上铁村、双丰村、铁山村、银溪村、渣渡村、梓芳村)

## Geography

The New Lian River (新涟河) flows through the town north to southeast.

## InfoBox

| Zhadu Town 渣渡镇 | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Zhadu TownLocation in Hunan | |
| Coordinates: 27°43′25″N 111°34′16″E / 27.72361°N 111.57111°E / 27.72361; 111.57111 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Hunan |
| Prefecture-level city | Loudi |
| County-level city | Lengshuijiang |
| Area | |
| Total | 74.97 km2 (28.95 sq mi) |
| Population (2015) | 32,000 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 417500 |
| Area code | 0738 |


title: Zhang Huiguang

abstract: Zhang Huiguang, formally Empress Wuxiao, was an empress of the Xiongnu-led Chinese Han-Zhao dynasty. She was Liu Cong's second wife. Zhang Huiguang was the daughter of Zhang Shi, the nephew of Liu Cong's mother Empress Dowager Zhang. In 312, at Empress Dowager Zhang's insistence, Liu Cong took Zhang Huiguang and her sister to be his concubines. Later that year, he wanted to create another concubine, Liu Ying (劉英), empress, but Empress Zhang insisted that he create Zhang Huiguang empress. He did so in early 313. Three months later, Empress Dowager Zhang died. Empress Zhang mourned her so greatly and was so depressed that she died as well.

text:
# Zhang Huiguang

**Zhang Huiguang** (Chinese: 張徽光) (died 313), formally **Empress Wuxiao** (Chinese: 武孝皇后, literally "the martial and filial empress"), was an empress of the Xiongnu-led Chinese Han-Zhao dynasty. She was Liu Cong (Emperor Zhaowu)'s second wife.

Zhang Huiguang was the daughter of Zhang Shi (張寔, not to be confused as the Jin official whose domain later evolved into Former Liang), the nephew of Liu Cong's mother Empress Dowager Zhang. In 312, at Empress Dowager Zhang's insistence, Liu Cong took Zhang Huiguang and her sister to be his concubines. Later that year, he wanted to create another concubine, Liu Ying (劉英), empress, but Empress Zhang insisted that he create Zhang Huiguang empress. He did so in early 313. Three months later, Empress Dowager Zhang died. Empress Zhang mourned her so greatly and was so depressed that she died as well.


title: Zierscheibe

abstract: Zierscheibe in archaeology is the term for a kind of metal jewellery dating to the European Iron Age. They are found in graves and are thought to have been worn as pendants attached to the tunica, or as part of a belt pouch. Early examples date to the Late Bronze Age. They develop into characteristic designs notably attested from Alamannic graves from the migration period.

text:
# Zierscheibe

***Zierscheibe*** (German for "ornamental disk") in archaeology is the term for a kind of metal jewellery dating to the European Iron Age. They are found in graves and are thought to have been worn as pendants attached to the tunica, or as part of a belt pouch.

Early examples date to the Late Bronze Age (ca. 800 BC). They develop into characteristic designs notably attested from Alamannic graves from the migration period.


title: Zhu Shouli

abstract: Zhu Shouli is a female Chinese trampoline gymnast. In 2018 she won the bronze medal in the women's individual event at the 2018 Asian Games held in Jakarta, Indonesia.

text:
# Zhu Shouli

**Zhu Shouli** (born 3 September 1998) is a female Chinese trampoline gymnast.

In 2018 she won the bronze medal in the women's individual event at the 2018 Asian Games held in Jakarta, Indonesia.

## InfoBox

| Zhu Shouli | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1998-09-03) 3 September 1998 |
| Discipline | Trampoline gymnastics |
| Medal record      Women's trampoline gymnastics   Representing   China   World Championships   2018 Saint Petersburg  All-around Team  Asian Games   2018 Jakarta  Individual | |


title: Zhou Bo (born 1962)

abstract: Zhou Bo is a Chinese politician who is the current chairman of the Liaoning Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He was an alternate member of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a representative of the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.

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# Zhou Bo (born 1962)

**Zhou Bo** (Chinese: 周波; pinyin: *Zhōu Bō*; born June 1962) is a Chinese politician who is the current chairman of the Liaoning Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

He was an alternate member of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a representative of the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.

## Biography

Zhou was born in Tairi Township (now Jinhui Town), Fengxian County (now Fengxian District), Shanghai, in June 1962. In 1980, he entered East China Institute of Textile Science and Technology (now Donghua University), majoring in chemical engineering automation and instruments.

After graduating in 1984, Zhou became a designer at the Shanghai Electrochemical Plant Design Office. Starting in August 1985, he served in several posts in Shanghai Chlor Alkali General Plant (later renamed Shanghai Chlor Alkali Chemical Co., Ltd.), including technician, deputy director of Instrument Workshop, assistant director of PVC Factory, deputy director of PVC Factory, assistant general manager, and general manager. He also served as general manager of Shanghai Tianyuan (Group) Co., Ltd. from January 1996 to June 2000. In June 2000, he became vice president of Shanghai Huayi (Group) Co., Ltd., rising to president in August 2002.

Zhou began his political career in July 2005, when he was appointed director of Shanghai Foreign Economic and Trade Commission (Foreign Investment Commission). He was deputy secretary-general of Shanghai Municipal People's Government in March 2007, in addition to serving as director of Shanghai Development and Reform Commission since February 2008. On 21 December 2015, he was given a serious warning within the Party because he accepted a banquet with public funds in violation of the rules and regulations. In December 2016, he was chosen as director of the Administrative Committee of China (Shanghai) Pilot Free-Trade Zone and was admitted to member of the Standing Committee of the CCP Shanghai Municipal Committee, the city's top authority.

In February 2019, he was assigned to northeastern China's Liaoning province and appointed deputy party secretary. In January 2021, he took office as chairman of the Liaoning Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the province's top political advisory body.

## InfoBox

| Zhou Bo | |
| --- | --- |
| 周波 | |
|  | |
| Chairman of the Liaoning Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
30 January 2021 | |
| Preceded by | Xia Deren |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | June 1962 (age 62)
Fengxian County, Shanghai, China |
| Political party | Chinese Communist Party |
| Alma mater | Donghua University
China Europe International Business School |
|  | |


title: Zhou Bohua

abstract: Zhou Bohua is a retired politician of the People's Republic of China. He served as Governor of Hunan Province and Minister of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce (SAIC).

text:
# Zhou Bohua

**Zhou Bohua** (Chinese: 周伯华; born July 1948) is a retired politician of the People's Republic of China. He served as Governor of Hunan Province and Minister of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce (SAIC).

## Biography

Zhou was born in Xiangtan, Hunan province. He started working in September 1968, and joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in December 1970. From June 1981 to January 1982, he was the vice director of the Zhuzhou city economics commission in Hunan. From January 1982 to August 1986, he was a researcher at the policy research office of the CCP Hunan committee. From August 1986 to June 1990, he was a standing committee member of the CCP Zhuzhou municipal committee, and the executive vice mayor of Zhuzhou. From June 1990 to January 1993, he served as the vice secretary of the CCP Zhuzhou municipal committee, vice mayor and later, mayor of Zhuzhou. From January 1993 to October 1995, he was the vice governor of Hunan Province. From October 1995 to November 2001, he was a standing committee member of the CCP Hunan committee, and vice governor of Hunan.

In November 2001, he was promoted to the position of vice secretary of the CCP Hunan committee, and vice governor of Hunan. From March 2003 to September 2006, he was the vice secretary of the CCP Hunan committee, acting governor, and later governor of Hunan Province. From 2006 to 2013, he served as Minister of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce. He was a member of the 17th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.


title: Zinapécuaro de Figueroa

abstract: Zinapécuaro de Figueroa is a town and the seat of the municipality of Zinapécuaro, in the central Mexican state of Michoacán.

text:
# Zinapécuaro de Figueroa

**Zinapécuaro de Figueroa** is a town and the seat of the municipality of Zinapécuaro, in the central Mexican state of Michoacán.

## Topynymy

Zinapécuaro is a Purépecha word meaning "place of obsidian" or "place of healing".

## History

Before the conquest, Zinapécuaro was subjugated by the Tarascan lordship of Hirepan, Hiquíngare and finally Tanganxoán. They built a temple to worship the goddess Cuerauáperi, the creative mother.

After the arrival of the Spaniards, the region was dominated by the conqueror Luis Montañez, who founded the town of Zinapécuaro around 1530. A republic of Native Mexicans settled there. The evangelization was carried out by Franciscan friars.

During the development of the struggle for independence, in October 1810, the insurgent forces led by Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla were in the town of Zinapécuaro. After the independence of Mexico, in 1831, the municipality of Zinapécuaro was established. Later, the municipal seat was called Villa de Figueroa, in memory of the town's priest, Juan Bautista Figueroa.

## Demographics

According to 2020 census, Zinapécuaro de Figueroa had 16,905 inhabitants, which represents an average growth of 0.64% per year in the 2010-2020 period based on the 15,875 inhabitants registered in the previous census. As of 2020, there were 8,133 men and 8,772 women living in Zinapécuaro de Figueroa. The population density was 2,306 inhabitants/km2.

## InfoBox

| Zinapécuaro de Figueroa | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
|  | |
| Zinapécuaro de FigueroaLocation in Mexico | |
| Coordinates: 19°51′37″N 100°49′39″W / 19.86028°N 100.82750°W / 19.86028; -100.82750 | |
| Country | Mexico |
| State | Michoacán |
| Municipality | Zinapécuaro |
| Area | |
| Total | 7.33 km2 (2.83 sq mi) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 16,905 |


title: Zeynep Seda Uslu

abstract:
Zeynep Seda Uslu is a Turkish volleyball player. She is 180 cm and plays as setter. She plays for Turkish professional club Fenerbahçe Universal. She started her volleyball career with VakıfBank Güneş Sigorta (1999-05) and also played for Eczacıbaşı Zenitiva (2006–09), Beşiktaş (2009–10) and Galatasaray Medical Park before transferred to Fenerbahçe Universal.
  - Turkish League: 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008
  - Turkish Cup: 2009
  - Top Teams Cup: 2004

text:
# Zeynep Seda Uslu

**Zeynep Seda Uslu** (born October 30, 1983) is a Turkish volleyball player. She is 180 cm and plays as setter. She plays for Turkish professional club Fenerbahçe Universal.

She started her volleyball career with VakıfBank Güneş Sigorta (1999-05) and also played for Eczacıbaşı Zenitiva (2006–09), Beşiktaş (2009–10) and Galatasaray Medical Park (2005–06 and 2010–11) before transferred to Fenerbahçe Universal.

* Turkish League: 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008
* Turkish Cup: 2009
* Top Teams Cup: 2004

## InfoBox

| Zeynep Seda Uslu | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Zeynep Seda Uslu |
| Born | (1983-10-30) October 30, 1983<br>Turkey |
| Height | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) |
| Weight | 73 kg (161 lb) |
| Volleyball information | |
| Position | Setter |
| Current club | Fenerbahçe Universal |
| National team | |
| Turkey | |


title: Zhang Yuansu

abstract: Zhang Yuansu 张元素 was one of the most historically influential Traditional Chinese medicine physicians in the period of transition from China's northern Jin dynasty to the Mongolian Yuan dynasty. Zhang Jiegu integrated medicinal materials into the five element framework (Wuxing) with both the five shen herbs framework and qi meridians. He helped to more clearly define the association of the "tastes" of medicinals and their believed effect on the different organ systems. Zhang asserted that herbs entered into and influenced the meridians. The culmination of Zhang's work was a book called Bag of Pearls. According to Zhang Jiegu: "The method of appropriately using herbs in accordance with the symptom and sign presentation of the patient entails determining substances with the correct qi, taste, yin and yang, and thick and thin properties as well as the pathogenic factor involved and the meridian it has entered."

text:
# Zhang Yuansu

**Zhang Yuansu** 张元素 (courtesy name **Jiegu**; ca. 1151–1234) was one of the most historically influential Traditional Chinese medicine physicians in the period of transition from China's northern Jin dynasty to the Mongolian Yuan dynasty.

Zhang Jiegu integrated medicinal materials into the five element framework (Wuxing) with both the five shen herbs (spirit herbs) framework and qi meridians. He helped to more clearly define the association of the "tastes" of medicinals and their believed effect on the different organ systems. Zhang asserted that herbs entered into and influenced the meridians. The culmination of Zhang's work was a book called *Bag of Pearls* (*Zhenzhu Nang* 珍珠囊).

According to Zhang Jiegu:

> *"The method of appropriately using herbs in accordance with the symptom and sign presentation of the patient entails determining substances with the correct qi, taste, yin and yang, and thick and thin properties as well as the pathogenic factor involved and the meridian it has entered."*
>
> Zhang Jiegu


title: Zididada

abstract: ZIDIDADA is a Danish pop music band formed in 1997 by Jimmy Bacoll and Danny Linde. They picked the name as a notation for eternal sun. The band took part in 2004 in the Dansk Melodi Grand Prix 2004, the selection process for Danish entry to Eurovision Song Contest 2004 to be held in Istanbul with the song "Prinsesse" ending up with 46 points and second overall to the winning song "Sig det' løgn" by Thomas Thordarson that garnered 60 points to represent Denmark. In 2008, the band performed "Take It All", its theme song for the wrestling show, WWE Judgment Day 2008.

text:
# Zididada

**ZIDIDADA** is a Danish pop music band formed in 1997 by Jimmy Bacoll (former Colding) and Danny Linde. They picked the name as a notation for eternal sun. The band took part in 2004 in the Dansk Melodi Grand Prix 2004, the selection process for Danish entry to Eurovision Song Contest 2004 to be held in Istanbul with the song "Prinsesse" ending up with 46 points and second overall to the winning song "Sig det' løgn" by Thomas Thordarson that garnered 60 points to represent Denmark. In 2008, the band performed "Take It All", its theme song for the wrestling show, *WWE Judgment Day 2008*.

## Members

Present members * Jimmy Bacoll (former Colding) – vocals
* Hans Jacob Krausmann – keyboard, harp, guitar and vocals
* Lars Storck – percussion, guitar and vocals
* Lars Maasbøl – guitar
* Anders Heidelbach Cornelins – bass
* Jacob Davidsen – drums

Former members * Danny Linde – guitar (founding member) – Left the band to concentrate on his hard rock music career
* Björn Jönsson – drums (Band member 1999–2020) – Died from cancer age 44.

## Discography

| Year | Album | Peak positions |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | | DEN
 |
| 1999 | *Welcome To ZIDIDADA* |  |
| 2000 | *Have A ZIDIDADA Day* | 32 |
| 2002 | *Happy Fool* | 17 |
| 2004 | *Princess* | 2 |
| 2005 | *Music Makers* | 17 |
| 2008 | *Take It All* | 12 |
| 2013 | *Fix Your Heart* | 9 |
|

## InfoBox

| ZIDIDADA | |
| --- | --- |
| Zididada in Langelandsfestivalen 2006 | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Denmark |
| Genres | Pop rock |
| Years active | 1997-present |
|  | |
| Members | Jimmy Bacoll (former Colding)
Hans Jacob Krausmann
Lars Storck
Lars Maasbøl
Anders Heidelbach Cornelins
Jacob Davidsen |
|  | |
| Past members | Danny Linde
Björn Jönsson |
|  | |
| Website | www.zididada.com |


title: Word on the Street (newspaper)

abstract: Word On The Street was a street newspaper in Baltimore, Maryland. The newspaper was managed "by people who have experienced homelessness in the past or are still surviving on the street." The organization aimed to have 75 percent of the content written by the homeless community. Editor-in-Chief Mark Schumann experienced homelessness himself for many years.

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# Word on the Street (newspaper)

***Word On The Street*** was a street newspaper in Baltimore, Maryland.

The newspaper was managed "by people who have experienced homelessness in the past or are still surviving on the street." The organization aimed to have 75 percent of the content written by the homeless community.

Editor-in-Chief Mark Schumann experienced homelessness himself for many years.

## Vending

Word on the Street was sold by individuals for a suggested donation of $1. Each vendor then purchased new papers at 25 cents apiece.

## Affiliations

*Word on the Street* was a member of the North American Street Newspaper Association and International Network of Street Papers.

## InfoBox

Word On the Street
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Format | Street Newspaper |
| Editor-in-chief | Mark Schumann |
| News editor | Paul Behler, Leo Zimmermann |
| Managing editor, design | Damien Haussling |
| Staff writers | Karen Aluisy, Robert Brashears |
| Language | English |
| Headquarters | Baltimore, MD |
| Circulation | 5000 |
| Sister newspapers | The Indypendent Reader |
| Website | http://wordonthestreetbaltimore.org |


title: Wollensak

abstract: Wollensak Optical was an American manufacturer of audio-visual products located in Rochester, New York. At the height of their popularity in the 1950s and 1960s, many brands of movie cameras came with a Wollensak Velostigmat lens. Wollensak reel-to-reel tape recorders were prized for their robust construction and value. In the 1960s, Wollensak was the choice tape recorder for amateur home, school, and office uses. They were produced in both stereo and mono designs. The firm was founded in 1899 by Andrew Wollensak to produce camera shutters. At its peak in the 1950s, it employed over 1000 people. The company had several owners, including Revere Camera Company and 3M Company. Wollensak ceased operation in 1972.

text:
# Wollensak

**Wollensak Optical** was an American manufacturer of audio-visual products located in Rochester, New York. At the height of their popularity in the 1950s and 1960s, many brands of movie cameras came with a Wollensak **Velostigmat** lens. Wollensak reel-to-reel tape recorders were prized for their robust construction and value. In the 1960s, Wollensak was the choice tape recorder for amateur home, school, and office uses. They were produced in both stereo and mono designs.

The firm was founded in 1899 by **Andrew Wollensak** to produce camera shutters. At its peak in the 1950s, it employed over 1000 people. The company had several owners, including Revere Camera Company and 3M Company. Wollensak ceased operation in 1972.

## Camera equipment

Wollensak began making camera lenses in 1902. The company also produced camera shutters for large format cameras. They made shutters such as the Betax, Alphax, Optimo and, for the Graflex Corporation, Rapax.

The Betax shutters were patented in 1912 and remain popular for large format photographers. Betax shutters are made in sizes from #0 to the huge size #5. These shutters are very reliable and relatively easy to repair.

Wollensak purchased the Fastax high speed rotating-prism camera developed by Bell Labs from Western Electric, and improved it to a rate of 10,000 frames/second. Fastax cameras were used for recording projectiles and explosions, including nuclear explosions. The cameras, with the rotating prism removed, were used for "streak" and "smear" photography.

Wollensak made only one still camera model, the "Stereo 10" 35 mm 3D camera.

They formed a partnership with the Revere Camera Company that led to them offering some movie cameras (mostly 8 mm) under their name in the 1950s and early 1960s.

## Audio-visual

3M also used the Wollensak brand name on audio tape recorders for many years; the Wollensak recorders were solidly built with all-metal construction. They were among the first manufacturers of cassette decks, as well as 8-track decks for home use.


title: Wonder Woman: The Lies

abstract: "The Lies" is a seven issue comic book story arc written by Greg Rucka, with pencils by Liam Sharp and colors by Laura Martin. Released in 2016, this was the first arc of the relaunched Wonder Woman series during the DC Rebirth event.

text:
# Wonder Woman: The Lies

**"The Lies"** is a seven issue comic book story arc written by Greg Rucka, with pencils by Liam Sharp and colors by Laura Martin.

Released in 2016, this was the first arc of the relaunched *Wonder Woman* series during the DC Rebirth event.

## Story

Wonder Woman finds her memories changing. She returns to her apartment and tests one of her memories by trying to crush the Helmet of War easily (which is impossible). She then uses her lasso to probe deeper and finds out she had been deceived. Changing her costume, Wonder Woman, goes to Olympus and concludes that it is a lie and vows to find the truth.

Wonder Woman is trying to find Cheetah. While trying to find her, she prays to an altar, and a group of hyena-men hybrids attack her. Cheetah arrives and Wonder Woman tells Cheetah she cannot find Themyscira. Meanwhile, Commander Etta Candy commands Steve Trevor to capture Colonel Cadulo. Cheetah accuses Wonder Woman of turning her into this creature and it is revealed the hybrids are called Boudas by the Plant God Urzkartaga, an evil African Plant God. During a fight with Boudas Cheetah nearly loses controls and eats the hybrids but Diana calms her down. It is later revealed that Colonel Cadulo has captured Steve Trevor's team.

Colonel Cadulo is the servant of Uzrkataga and plans to revive Uzrkataga from the dead. Cadulo tells Steve Trevor he will use him as a vessel and asks him where Wonder Woman is. Wonder Woman talks about Cheetah's uncontrollable bloodlust and Cheetah reveals she is starting to forget who she once was. Diana tells Cheetah that she cannot go back to Themyscira because something is blocking her and plans to find out the culprit. Wonder Woman and Cheetah go to Cadulo's hideout but find Steve missing.

Wonder Woman and Cheetah interrupt the process and save Steve Trevor. Wonder Woman and Cheetah use the Lasso of Truth to defeat Uzkataga alongside the captured girls. During the fight, Cheetah returns to her human self, Barbara Minevra. Steve Trevor returns to Etta Candy while Wonder Woman helps Barbara return to her normal life. Veronica Cale learns Barbara had been cured, and sets her plans in motion. Steve meets up with Wonder Woman and after talking about her relationship with Superman, both of them rekindle their romance. Barbara calls them and tells them that Themyscira is not a real place but a divine location, and tells Wonder Woman to go to the area where both Earth and Themyscira meet. Wonder Woman and Steve Trevor do this, and they apparently see Hippolyta and the Amazons.

Etta Candy discovers that Director Bordeaux is working for someone different than the Army: she is a cyborg at the service of Veronica Cale, and Etta discovers it when Sasha delivers the remains of Urzkartaga to Cale. After destroying Sasha, Veronica sends her dogs to take care of Etta. Meanwhile, Steve Trevor is doubtful: the Themyscira he is in together with Diana is a place he has never seen. It is not the same, and the people are vastly different as well. As he tells this to Diana, the Amazon's old snake bite reignites, with blood flowing from it. Understanding the sign, Diana brings Steve to a plain where an old, decaying tree stood. The tree from which the serpent who bit her came from. But when she looks for it, her memory shatters once again: crying, she realizes that in all the years since she left, she never returned to the Island of Themyscira, and all her memories about her return are false.

## Critical reception

The story was released to critical acclaim with critics praising the strong start and introduction of Wonder Woman, Cheetah, and Steve Trevor. According to Comic Book Roundup, the entire story received an average score of 8.3 out of 10 based on 559 reviews.

## Collected editions

* ***Wonder Woman Vol. 1: The Lies*** collects *Wonder Woman: Rebirth* #1 and *Wonder Woman* vol. 5 #1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 176 pages, February 2017, ISBN 978-1401267780
* ***Wonder Woman: The Rebirth Deluxe Edition, Book 1*** collects *Wonder Woman: Rebirth* #1 and *Wonder Woman* vol. 5 #1–14, 360 pages, October 2017, ISBN 978-1401276782

## InfoBox

| "Wonder Woman: The Lies" | |
| --- | --- |
| Publisher | DC Comics |
| Publication date | August 2016  January 2017 |
| Genre |  |
| Title(s) | *Wonder Woman* vol. 5, #1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and *Wonder Woman: Rebirth* #1 |
| Main character(s) | Wonder Woman<br>Cheetah |
| Creative team | |
| Writer(s) | Greg Rucka |
| Artist(s) | Liam Sharp |
| Colorist(s) | Laura Martin |


title: Puyong Hall

abstract: The Puyong Hall is a historic structure located in Puyong-dong, Haeju, North Korea. The gable-roof pavilion features railings around the perimeter. It stands in a lotus pond, supported by stone pillars. First built in 1500, it was located in front of the Yong Gate. In 1526, it was expanded into the pond. The structure was destroyed during the Korean War, but later rebuilt by the ruling party Korean Workers' Party. The pond in which it sits carries a legend: “According to it, the local folks could not sleep because the frogs were croaking day and night. A general surnamed Nam who was concerned about this fact wrote some words on a piece of paper and threw it into the pond. Since then the frogs stopped croaking and the folks had a sound sleep.”

text:
# Puyong Hall

The **Puyong Hall** is a historic structure located in Puyong-dong, Haeju, North Korea. The gable-roof pavilion features railings around the perimeter. It stands in a lotus pond, supported by stone pillars. First built in 1500, it was located in front of the Yong Gate. In 1526, it was expanded into the pond. The structure was destroyed during the Korean War, but later rebuilt by the ruling party Korean Workers' Party.

The pond in which it sits carries a legend: “According to it, the local folks could not sleep because the frogs were croaking day and night. A general surnamed Nam who was concerned about this fact wrote some words on a piece of paper and threw it into the pond. Since then the frogs stopped croaking and the folks had a sound sleep.”

38°2′36″N 125°42′11″E / 38.04333°N 125.70306°E / 38.04333; 125.70306


title: Nancy Storrs

abstract: Nancy Storrs was an American rower. She competed in the women's coxed four event at the 1976 Summer Olympics, the first Olympics to include women's rowing, as well as being named to the boycotted 1980 Olympic Team. Storrs died in St. Catharines, Ontario, on September 8, 2023, at the age of 73. Nancy found her lifelong passion for rowing while a student at Williams College.

text:
# Nancy Storrs

**Nancy Storrs** (March 24, 1950 – September 8, 2023) was an American rower. She competed in the women's coxed four event at the 1976 Summer Olympics, the first Olympics to include women's rowing, as well as being named to the boycotted 1980 Olympic Team. Storrs died in St. Catharines, Ontario, on September 8, 2023, at the age of 73.

Nancy found her lifelong passion for rowing while a student at Williams College.

## InfoBox

Nancy Storrs
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | American |
| Born | (1950-03-24)March 24, 1950
Huntington, New York, U.S. |
| Died | September 8, 2023(2023-09-08) (aged 73)
St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Rowing |


title: Nina Axelrod

abstract: Nina Kether Axelrod is an American actress who appeared in films and television mainly during the late 1970s through the early 1980s. Since the early 1990s, she has worked as a casting director on films and taught drama in schools.

text:
# Nina Axelrod

**Nina Kether Axelrod** (born July 28, 1955) is an American actress who appeared in films and television mainly during the late 1970s through the early 1980s. Since the early 1990s, she has worked as a casting director on films and taught drama in schools.

## Biography

Several of her family members have worked in the film industry. She is married to Robert Jaffe, an actor, writer, and producer, and mother of actor Taliesin Jaffe. She is the daughter of Joan Stanton and George Axelrod, who was a screenwriter, producer, playwright and film director. Her siblings are lawyer Peter Axelrod and author Steven Axelrod.

## Career

Her television appearances have included *Charlie's Angels* and *CHiPs*. Her noted films include *Roller Boogie* (1979), the now cult classic, slasher parody *Motel Hell* (1980), *Time Walker* (1982), *Cross Country* (1983) and *Critters 3* (1991). In the mid 80s, Axelrod began her present work in film casting. In 1981, Axelrod read for the Rachael character of Ridley Scott's science fiction noir, *Blade Runner* (1982) and is featured on a screen test of the 2007 DVD release of the Final Cut release, Disc 4 of "Blade Runner".

## InfoBox

| Nina Axelrod | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | July 28, 1955 (1955-07-28) (age 69)<br>New York City, U.S. |
| Occupation(s) | Film, television actress |
| Spouse | Robert Jaffe |
| Children | Taliesin Jaffe |
| Father | George Axelrod |


title: William A. Karges Fine Art

abstract: William A. Karges Fine Art is an art gallery at Dolores St. and 6th Ave in Carmel, California, United States.

text:
# William A. Karges Fine Art

**William A. Karges Fine Art** is an art gallery at Dolores St. and 6th Ave in Carmel, California, United States.

## History and development

William A. Karges Fine Art was founded in 1987 by William A. Karges. A former collector of European antiques and objets d’art, he entered the art business after discovering the books *Plein Air Painters of California: The North* and *Plein Air Painters of California: The Southland*. After developing his expertise on the subject by seeking out works held in public and private collections throughout California, he eventually established a gallery that focuses primarily on historically important, museum quality paintings executed by California artists between 1870 and 1950. In addition to an emphasis on California Impressionism, William A. Karges Fine Art is active in the secondary market for works from the Hudson River School, Bay Area Figurative, and many other American artists and styles including Modern, Abstract, Northwest, and Southwest art. William A. Karges Fine Art also represents contemporary artists Dennis Doheny, Cindy Baron, and Susan N. Jarvis.

## California impressionism and California plein-air painting

William A. Karges Fine Art specializes most notably in California Impressionism and California Plein-Air Painting. Considered to be a regional variation on American Impressionism, the terms describe the large movement of 20th century artists who worked out of doors (*en plein air*), directly from nature in California, United States. Their work became popular in the San Francisco Bay Area and Southern California in the first three decades after the turn of the 20th century.

Most of the Plein Air painters came from the East and Midwest in the US, and Europe, and only a few of the early artists such as Guy Rose (1867–1925) were actually born and raised in California. Some of the most prominent names associated with the Plein-Air school are the aforementioned Rose, William Wendt (1865–1946), Granville Redmond (1871–1935), Edgar Payne, Armin Hansen (1886–1957), Jean Mannheim (1861–1945), John Marshall Gamble (1863–1957), Franz Bischoff (1864–1929), William Ritschel (1864–1949), Alson S. Clark (1876–1949), Hanson Puthuff (1875–1972), Marion Wachtel (1875–1954), and Jack Wilkinson Smith (1873–1949). Most of these artists were already trained in art when they moved to California, arriving between 1900 and the early 1920s.

## Notable exhibitions and publications

The gallery has released extensive catalogues in conjunction with notable exhibitions on artists including Ross Dickinson, *The Early Works* (1993); Jesse Arms Botke, *Birds, Boughs, and Blossoms* (1995); Rinaldo Cuneo, *An Evolution of Style* (1991); and Clyde Scott, *Clyde Scott: Paintings From the Robert and Rea Westenhaver Collection* (1999). The exhibition program has also featured multiple solo shows for contemporary painter Dennis Doheny.

## Artists represented

William A. Karges Fine Art also represents of the estates of:

36°33′20″N 121°55′22″W / 36.55557°N 121.92283°W / 36.55557; -121.92283


title: Mendon Cobblestone Academy

abstract: Mendon Cobblestone Academy is a historic school located at Mendon in Monroe County, New York. It is a Federal style cobblestone structure built about 1835. It is constructed of medium-sized field cobbles and is one of only 10 surviving cobblestone buildings in Mendon. The building was used as a school for about a century. It was acquired in 1950 by the Mendon Fire Department and remodelled for use as a firehouse. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

text:
# Mendon Cobblestone Academy

**Mendon Cobblestone Academy** is a historic school located at Mendon in Monroe County, New York. It is a Federal style cobblestone structure built about 1835. It is constructed of medium-sized field cobbles and is one of only 10 surviving cobblestone buildings in Mendon. The building was used as a school for about a century. It was acquired in 1950 by the Mendon Fire Department and remodelled for use as a firehouse.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Mendon Cobblestone Academy | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Mendon Cobblestone Academy, December 2009 | |
|  | |
| Location | 16 Mendon--Ionia Rd.,<br>Mendon, New York |
| Coordinates | 42°59′48″N 77°30′18″W / 42.99667°N 77.50500°W / 42.99667; -77.50500 |
| Area | 0.6 acres (0.24 ha) |
| Built | 1835 |
| Architectural style | Federal |
| MPS | Cobblestone Architecture of New York State MPS |
| NRHP reference No. | 96001395 |
| Added to NRHP | November 29, 1996 |


abstract: "Let's Stay Together" was the second single released from American singer Lyfe Jennings' second album The Phoenix. It peaked at #32 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart in February 2007. Jennings has performed both his own "Let’s Stay Together" and Al Green's classic of the same name together in concert.

text:
# Let's Stay Together (Lyfe Jennings song)

"**Let's Stay Together**" was the second single released from American singer Lyfe Jennings' second album *The Phoenix*. It peaked at #32 on the *Billboard* Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart in February 2007. Jennings has performed both his own "Let’s Stay Together" and Al Green's classic of the same name together in concert.

## Charts

| Chart (2010) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| U.S. *Billboard* Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs | 32 |

## InfoBox

| "Let's Stay Together" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Lyfe Jennings | |
| from the album  *The Phoenix* | |
| Released | 2006 |
| Genre | R&B |
| Length | 4:35 |
| Label | Sony Urban Music/Columbia |
| Songwriter(s) | Jennings |
| Producer(s) | Lyfe Jennings |
| Lyfe Jennings singles chronology | |
| "S.E.X."
(2006) "**Let's Stay Together**"
(2006) "Cops Up"
(2007) | |


title: Zork Zero

abstract: Zork Zero: The Revenge of Megaboz is an interactive fiction video game, written by Steve Meretzky over nearly 18 months and published by Infocom in 1988. Although it is the ninth and last Zork game released by Infocom before the company's closure, Zork Zero takes place before the previous eight games. Unlike its predecessors, Zork Zero is a vast game, featuring a graphical interface with scene-based colors and borders, an interactive map, menus, an in-game hints system, an interactive Encyclopedia Frobozzica, and playable graphical mini-games. The graphics were created by computer artist James Shook. It is Infocom's thirty-second game. Previous games by Infocom used a parser evolved from the one in Zork I, but for Zork Zero, they designed a new LALR parser from scratch. Zork Zero's parser has some innovative features. If it notices if a player is having trouble with it, it offers helpful suggestions, such as sample commands. Three of the four graphical mini-games are based on older logic puzzles. Peggleboz is a version of peg solitaire, Snarfem is Nim, and the Tower of Bozbar is Towers of Hanoi. Other puzzles based on established logic puzzle types include a river-crossing puzzle with a fox, a rooster, and a worm, and a Knights and Knaves puzzle in which violently xenophobic Veritassi and Prevaricons are truth-tellers and liars respectively, and peaceful Wishyfoo are alternators.

text:
# Zork Zero

***Zork Zero: The Revenge of Megaboz*** is an interactive fiction video game, written by Steve Meretzky over nearly 18 months and published by Infocom in 1988. Although it is the ninth and last *Zork* game released by Infocom before the company's closure, *Zork Zero* takes place before the previous eight games (*Zork I*, *Zork II*, *Zork III*, *Enchanter*, *Sorcerer*, *Wishbringer*, *Spellbreaker* and *Beyond Zork*). Unlike its predecessors, *Zork Zero* is a vast game, featuring a graphical interface with scene-based colors and borders, an interactive map, menus, an in-game hints system, an interactive Encyclopedia Frobozzica, and playable graphical mini-games. The graphics were created by computer artist James Shook. It is Infocom's thirty-second game.

Previous games by Infocom used a parser evolved from the one in *Zork I*, but for *Zork Zero*, they designed a new LALR parser from scratch. *Zork Zero'*s parser has some innovative features. If it notices if a player is having trouble with it, it offers helpful suggestions, such as sample commands.

Three of the four graphical mini-games are based on older logic puzzles. Peggleboz is a version of peg solitaire, Snarfem is Nim, and the Tower of Bozbar is Towers of Hanoi. Other puzzles based on established logic puzzle types include a river-crossing puzzle with a fox, a rooster, and a worm, and a Knights and Knaves puzzle in which violently xenophobic Veritassi and Prevaricons are truth-tellers and liars respectively, and peaceful Wishyfoo are alternators.

## Plot

Lord Dimwit Flathead the Excessive certainly earned his nickname. Never one to do things on a small scale, when Dimwit decided in 789 GUE to have a statue erected in his honor, it *had* to be the largest statue ever. This angered a local resident of Fublio Valley (where the statue was built), Megaboz the Magnificent, who cast a deadly curse over Dimwit, the royal family, and the entire Empire before disappearing. The king's conjurers employed their most powerful magic in an effort to counteract the curse, but they were unable to save Dimwit and his eleven siblings; they only managed to delay the kingdom's destruction temporarily.

The game begins with a brief prelude in which the player is a humble servant in Lord Dimwit's scullery. Present when Megaboz appears and casts his fateful curse, the player manages to grab a small piece of parchment left behind in the chaos.

94 years later, the strength of the counter-curse is rapidly fading. If the curse can't be lifted by Curse Day, the anniversary of Dimwit's death, the Empire will surely fall. The reigning monarch, Wurb Flathead, has sent out a call in desperation: anyone who can save the Empire will be given half its riches! Predictably, this results in an avalanche of crackpot treasure seekers, none of whom have any more luck than did the royal sorcerers.

As the game begins in earnest, it is Mumberbur 14: Curse Day. The erstwhile curse-breakers have fled, along with everyone else in Flathead Castle. The player, a descendant of the servant from the prelude, awakes on the floor of the castle armed only with the scrap of parchment. The only other person around is the court's jester, who alternately helps and opposes the player in the quest to lift the curse.

Two items belonging to each of the "accursed twelve" (that is, Dimwit Flathead and his eleven siblings) must be placed into the cauldron and the magic word must be spoken. The game revolves around gathering these twenty-four objects and discovering the magic word. To accomplish this, the player will play the legendary game of Double Fanucci, travel to every corner of the Empire, solve a collection of riddles and logic puzzles, and visit the enormous statue that started all this trouble. There are even visits to locations such as the top of the world, and under the world (from which the player can fall). Flamingos, magic, bottomless pits and a unique sense of humor all feature along the way.

What happens when the curse is finally lifted is the game's final surprise. If you leave the castle and pass the perimeter wall, you arrive at the opening scene of Zork 1.

## Feelies

Like most other Infocom games, *Zork Zero* comes with feelies: a printed calendar titled "The Flathead Calendar 883" with portraits and biographies of the Twelve Flatheads (also usable as a 1989 calendar, folded blueprints with a yellow Post-it note attached, and a scrap of parchment. Since completing the game requires information revealed only in these feelies, they serve to discourage unauthorized copying.

## Double Fanucci

*Zork Zero* includes a mini-game to play Double Fanucci against the jester. Double Fanucci is a fictional card game mentioned throughout the Zork series. As the in-game Encyclopedia Frobozzica describes it,

> Legend has it that Double Fanucci (or Fannucci) was invented by the deposed Zilbo III in the late seventh century. A game of tremendous complexity and almost infinite rules, King Mumberthrax proclaimed it the national sport of the Empire in 757 GUE. The annual Double Fanucci Championships, held in Borphee during early autumn, frequently leave thousands homeless.

It is immensely complicated, parodying card games with complex rules in a manner similar to Fizzbin or Mornington Crescent.

As played in *Zork Zero*, cards appear in 15 numbered suits (Books, Bugs, Ears, Faces, Fromps, Hives, Inkblots, Lamps, Mazes, Plungers, Rain, Scythes, Time, Tops and Zurfs) with ranks from 0 (called "Naught"), 1 ("Singled"), 2 ("Doubled"), 3 ("Trebled"), up to 9, and infinity ("Infinite"). There are nine additional cards, like Major Arcana or "Trumps" in Tarot, which are unranked: Granola, the Lobster, the Snail, the Jester, Time, Light, Beauty, Death, and the Grue. It is possible to get four copies of the same card in a four-card hand.

To win the Double Fanucci mini-game, the player must use an unbeatable strategy mentioned only in the calendar feelie's biography of Babe Flathead.

> Try as he might, Babe could not master Double Fanucci. Even the unexplained disappearance of the 339 leading Double Fanucci players failed to get Babe into the championships. Fanucci experts believe that Babe's difficulty with the game could be traced to one weakness: his failure to remember that three undertrumps after an opponent's discard of a Trebled Fromp is an indefensible gambit.

Otherwise, the mini-game will continue until when the score of the player or the jester exceeds 1241 points, but "by Rules Committee Amendment #493, the game is suspended and must be replayed in its entirety, except during a Frotz Moon or in a six-player game where at least three of the players are of Mithican ancestry."

Double Fanucci cards were featured prominently in the browser-based game *Legends of Zork*, drawn by artist Greg Brown and colored by Jim "Zubby" Zubkavich. Dave Howell has created a physical deck of "Deluxe" Fanucci cards along with some other (playable) games to go with them.

## Reception

Dave Arneson gave *Zork Zero* a favorable review in *Computer Gaming World*, calling it the best of the series to date. He praised the in-game map and help system, and later described the game as superior to Infocom's *James Clavell's Shōgun*.

James V. Trunzo reviewed *Zork Zero* in *White Wolf* #17 (1989) and stated that "*Zork Zero*, even though graphically quite pleasing, remains at heart an interactive story in which you make the choices and determine the course of action."

## Reviews

*Zork Zero* was also included in the 1991 collection *The Lost Treasures of Infocom*, and in the 1996 collection *Classic Text Adventure Masterpieces of Infocom*, released by Activision under the Infocom brand.

The jester in Zork Zero will sometimes say *So long, and thanks for all the fish*, a reference to *The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy*, which was also adapted as an eponymous Infocom video game.

1. "Zork Zero takes you back to the beginning" (PDF). *The Status Line*. **VII** (3). Infocom: 1, 6. Fall 1988.
2. Galley, Stu (Spring 1989). "PARSER ??" (PDF). *The Status Line*. **VIII** (1). Infocom: 2.
3. Zubkavich, Jim (April 6, 2009). "Zork- Fanucci Suit Icons". *Zub's Art Refuge*. Retrieved September 3, 2010.
4. Brown, Greg (April 7, 2009). "Double Fanucci Face-Cards". *The Cornflake Box*. Archived from the original on July 8, 2011. Retrieved September 3, 2010.
5. Howell, Dave. "The Fanucci Deck". Retrieved March 2, 2011.
6. Arneson, Dave (Jan 1989). "When Is A Zero Not A Zero?". *Computer Gaming World*. pp. 24–25.
7. Arneson, Dave (August 1989). "Shōgun". *Computer Gaming World*. pp. 12–13. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
8. Trunzo, James V. (1989). "The Silicon Dungeon". *White Wolf Magazine*. No. 17. p. 62.
9. "GAMES Magazine #97". April 1989.

## InfoBox

| Zork Zero | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Infocom |
| Publisher(s) | Infocom |
| Designer(s) | Steve Meretzky |
| Artist(s) | James Shook |
| Engine | Z-code version 6 |
| Platform(s) | Amiga, Apple II, MS-DOS, Mac |
| Release | Mac: October 19, 1988
Amiga: March 23, 1989
Apple II: June 2, 1989
MS-DOS: July 14, 1989 |
| Genre(s) | Interactive fiction |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: Zorka Janů

abstract: Zorka Janů was a Czech film actress. She was the younger sister of actress Lída Baarová.

text:
# Zorka Janů

**Zorka Janů** (born **Zora Babková**; 9 July 1921 – 24 March 1946) was a Czech film actress. She was the younger sister of actress Lída Baarová.

## Career

### Early years (1921–1938)

When she was 12 years old, she appeared in the movie *Madla z cihelny* (*Brickmaker's daughter*, 1933) alongside her sister who played the principal role. She studied drama at the Prague's Conservatory.

### The Virgins' Club (1938–1939)

The year after she acted in the 1938 film *Cech panen kutnohorských* (*The Virgins' Club*), she got her first big role in the František Čáp and Václav Krška's movie *Fiery Summer* (*Ohnivé léto*), about a love triangle between Clare (Janů), who loves a man named Šimon (Svatopluk Beneš), who in turn loves Rose (Lída Baarová). Clare attempts suicide by jumping into the river. Two young men in love with her throw themselves into the torrent to save her, but one of them drowns. During the shooting of *Fiery Summer*, Zorka Janů fell in love with the writer and poet František Kožík.

### World War II (1939–1945)

In the 1940s Zorka Janů appeared in seven movies, among them *Baron Münchhausen* and *Rubens’ Caper*. She played a leading role in the movie *Čekanky* (*Ladies in Waiting*, 1940) about an aging count who forbids his female staff to marry. Her last movie appearance was as Helen in Jiří Slavíček’s *Boys and the River* (1944).

### Final years and death (1945–1946)

After Germany lost the war in 1945, her sister Lída Baarová (mistress of Joseph Goebbels) was imprisoned, and her mother died during the interrogation by the Czech retribution tribunal. Zorka Janů was expelled from work, ostracized, and committed suicide by jumping out of a window.

## Legacy

The story of Zorka Janů was told by Adam Georgiev in his 1998 book *Deník sestry Lídy Baarové* (*Diary of Lída Baarová's Sister*).

Janů was portrayed by Anna Fialová in *The Devil's Mistress*, a 2016 Czech film about Lída Baarová's acting career and affair with Goebbels.

## Filmography

* *Kluci na řece* (*Boys and the River*, 1944)
* *Z českých mlýnů* (*Believe it or Not*, 1941)
* *Minulost Jany Kosinové* (*Jane's Past*, 1940)
* *Baron Prášil* (*Baron Münchhausen*, 1940)
* *Pacientka Dr. Hegla* (*Patient of Dr. Hegel*, 1940)
* *Čekanky* (*Ladies in Waiting*, 1940)
* *Podvod s Rubensem* (*Rubens' Caper*, 1940)
* *Ohnivé léto* (*Fiery Summer*, 1939)
* *Tulák Macoun* (*Hobo Macoun*, 1939)
* *Škola základ života* (*What I learned in High School*, 1938)
* *Cech panen kutnohorských* (*The Virgins' Club*, 1938)
* *Madla z cihelny* (*Brickmaker's daughter*, 1933)

* Georgiev, A. (1998). *Deník sestry Lídy Baarové* (*Diary of Lída Baarová’s Sister*). Prague, Czech Republic: Petrklíč.

## InfoBox

| Zorka Janů | |
| --- | --- |
| Zorka Janů | |
| Born | Zora Babková
(1921-07-09)9 July 1921
Štěchovice, Czechoslovakia |
| Died | 24 March 1946(1946-03-24) (aged 24)
Prague, Czechoslovakia |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1933–1944 |
| Relatives | Lída Baarová (sister) |


title: Zieria madida

abstract: Zieria madida is a plant in the citrus family Rutaceae and endemic to tropical north-eastern Queensland. It is an open, compact shrub with three-part leaves and up to ten white to pale pink flowers with four petals and four stamens arranged in the leaf axils. It usually grows in exposed, windswept locations on granite mountaintops.

text:
# Zieria madida

***Zieria madida*** is a plant in the citrus family Rutaceae and endemic to tropical north-eastern Queensland. It is an open, compact shrub with three-part leaves and up to ten white to pale pink flowers with four petals and four stamens arranged in the leaf axils. It usually grows in exposed, windswept locations on granite mountaintops.

## Description

*Zieria madida* is an open, compact shrub which grows to a height of 2 m (7 ft) and has wiry branches with raised lumps where leaves have been shed. The leaves are composed of three elliptic to narrow egg-shaped leaflets. The leaves have a petiole 8–23 mm (0.3–0.9 in) long and the central leaflet is 15–29 mm (0.6–1 in) long and 5–14 mm (0.2–0.6 in) wide. Both sides of the leaflets are glabrous. The flowers are white to pale pink and are arranged in groups of between three and ten in leaf axils, although only three are open at the same time. The groups are on a stalk 4–13 mm (0.2–0.5 in) long and which has prominent ridges. The flowers are surrounded by scale-like bracts which remain during flowering. The sepals are triangular, about 1 mm (0.04 in) long and wide and the four petals are elliptic in shape, about 4 mm (0.2 in) long and 2 mm (0.08 in) wide with star-like hairs on both surfaces. The four stamens are 1.5–2 mm (0.06–0.08 in) long. Flowering occurs mainly from September to November and is followed by fruit which are more or less smooth, glabrous capsules 4 mm (0.2 in) long and about 2 mm (0.08 in) wide.

## Taxonomy and naming

*Zieria madida* was first formally described in 2007 by Marco Duretto and Paul Irwin Forster from a specimen collected on Thornton Peak and the description was published in *Austrobaileya*. The specific epithet (*madida*) is a Latin word meaning "moist", "soaked" or "sodden" referring to the wet, misty mountaintops where this species grows.

## Distribution and habitat

This zieria is found on and around Thornton Peak and Mount Pieter Botte where it grows on windswept granite outcrops on mountaintops.

## InfoBox

| *Zieria madida* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Rutaceae |
| Genus: | *Zieria* |
| Species: | ***Z. madida*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Zieria madida***<br>Duretto & P.I.Forst. | |
|


title: Zorki 1

abstract:
Zorki cameras have their roots in the FED line of Leica copies. In 1948, when the FED factory was falling behind its production goals, the KMZ factory in Krasnogorsk, Russia was geared up to produce FED cameras. By 1949, KMZ had made some design changes and started manufacturing the FED-Zorki, which later became known as the Zorki 1. The Zorki 1 was the first Zorki-branded body produced at the KMZ factory. Some later models have "Zorki" engraved in Cyrillic and in Latin; these are for export and are often referred to as "Zorki-Zorki" bodies on assorted Soviet-camera mailing lists. The Zorki bodies were manufactured from 1950 to 1956, with 5 different body types.
  - Type 1a is a direct descendant of the Fed-Zorki.
  - Type 1b has a different collar around the shutter release, allowing for a threaded cable.
  - Type 1c has moulded body parts and can be identified by black trims just below the top plate and above the bottom plate.
  - In Type 1d, the black trim extends to envelop the lens mount.
  - Type 1e has newer shutter speeds of 1/50s and 1/25s, instead of the 1/60s, 1/40s, 1/30s, and 1/20s found in previous types.

text:
# Zorki 1

Zorki cameras have their roots in the FED line of Leica copies. In 1948, when the FED factory was falling behind its production goals, the KMZ factory in Krasnogorsk, Russia was geared up to produce FED cameras. By 1949, KMZ had made some design changes and started manufacturing the FED-Zorki, which later became known as the Zorki 1.

The **Zorki 1** was the first Zorki-branded body produced at the KMZ factory. Some later models have "Zorki" engraved in Cyrillic and in Latin; these are for export and are often referred to as "Zorki-Zorki" bodies on assorted Soviet-camera mailing lists.

The Zorki bodies were manufactured from 1950 to 1956, with 5 different body types.

* Type 1a is a direct descendant of the Fed-Zorki.

* Type 1b has a different collar around the shutter release, allowing for a threaded cable.
* Type 1c has moulded body parts and can be identified by black trims just below the top plate and above the bottom plate.
* In Type 1d, the black trim extends to envelop the lens mount.
* Type 1e has newer shutter speeds of 1/50s and 1/25s, instead of the 1/60s, 1/40s, 1/30s, and 1/20s found in previous types.

*This article was originally based on "Zorki 1" in Camerapedia, retrieved at an unknown date under the GNU Free Documentation License.*

## InfoBox

Zorki 1
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Overview | |
| Type | 35 mm rangefinder camera |
| Focusing | |
| Focus | manual |


title: Zsuzsa Máthé

abstract:
Zsuzsa Máthé is a Hungarian artist.
Her first exhibit opened in 1983, when she was age 18, entitled The First Exhibit of Transrealism. By the age of 21 she extensively visited most countries in Europe, from communist Russia to the UK where she obtained qualifications to be able to start up one of the first privately owned English language schools of Budapest.

text:
# Zsuzsa Máthé

**Zsuzsa Máthé** (born May 4, 1964) is a Hungarian artist. Her first exhibit opened in 1983, when she was age 18, entitled *The First Exhibit of Transrealism*.

By the age of 21 she extensively visited most countries in Europe, from communist Russia to the UK where she obtained qualifications to be able to start up one of the first privately owned English language schools of Budapest.

## Art

Zsuzsa Máthé is one of the modern painters of the New Wave internationally. Her arts had been exhibited in Budapest, Hungary and various galleries around Israel.

Her works are often considered as a pre-runner to the Goth subculture so popular today. *New Romantic (1984)*, *The Entry of Sedah (1986)*, *Sailor and Madonna (1986)* , *Wo bist du? (1987)* are some of the most characteristic works of this genre.

## Exhibitions

* *The First Exhibition of Transrealism* — April 1984, Cultural Center Kada, Budapest, Hungary
* *The Gates of Within and Beyond—November, 1984, Eötvös Lóránd University, Budapest, Hungary*
* *Withdrawn Promises* -- February 1985 Eötvös Lóránd University, Budapest, Hungary
* Exchange Group (Exchange-series Philosophical ArtForwardAcademy) March 1–8. 1985. - Young Artists Club, Budapest,
* *La Malade Imaginaire* -- April 1987 Eötvös Lóránd University, Budapest, Hungary
* Georges Cziffra pianist master course, joint exhibit, Keszthely, June, 1987 - Castle Festetics
* *Shipwreck* -- November, 1987, Cultural Center Mayakovskij, Budapest, Hungary,
* World Art Expo 2009, June, 2009 Orange County, CA, USA (honorable mention)
* *Retrospect* Gallery DunaPart, WestEnd City Center, Budapest, June, 2009
* Joint exhibit at the Grand Salon des Arts Gallery, Laguna Bearch, USA, August - October, 2009
* Joint exhibit on the XX. Biennial of Humour and Satire, Museum of Humour and Satire, Gabrovo, Bulgaria, May - September, 2011. representing Hungary

* Tájoló, (April 9–15, 1987, KISZ Budapesti Universitas Bizottsága p5.)
* *Emotion: New Psychosocial Perspectives* Edited by Shelley Day-Sclater, David Jones, Heather Price and Candida Yates, Palgrave-Macmillan 2009, cover image

## Media


title: Zwanzig projection operator

abstract: The Zwanzig projection operator is a mathematical device used in statistical mechanics. This projection operator acts in the linear space of phase space functions and projects onto the linear subspace of "slow" phase space functions. It was introduced by Robert Zwanzig to derive a generic master equation. It is mostly used in this or similar context in a formal way to derive equations of motion for some "slow" collective variables.

text:
# Zwanzig projection operator

The **Zwanzig projection operator** is a mathematical device used in statistical mechanics. This projection operator acts in the linear space of phase space functions and projects onto the linear subspace of "slow" phase space functions. It was introduced by Robert Zwanzig to derive a generic master equation. It is mostly used in this or similar context in a formal way to derive equations of motion for some "slow" collective variables.

## Slow variables and scalar product

The Zwanzig projection operator operates on functions in the $6N$-dimensional phase space $\Gamma =\\{\mathbf {q} \_{i},\mathbf {p} \_{i}\\}$ of $N$ point particles with coordinates $\mathbf {q} \_{i}$ and momenta $\mathbf {p} \_{i}$. A special subset of these functions is an enumerable set of "slow variables" $A(\Gamma )=\\{A\_{n}(\Gamma )\\}$. Candidates for some of these variables might be the long-wavelength Fourier components $\rho \_{k}(\Gamma )$ of the mass density and the long-wavelength Fourier components $\mathbf {\pi } \_{\mathbf {k} }(\Gamma )$ of the momentum density with the wave vector $\mathbf {k} $ identified with $n$. The Zwanzig projection operator relies on these functions but does not tell how to find the slow variables of a given Hamiltonian $H(\Gamma )$.

A scalar product between two arbitrary phase space functions $f\_{1}(\Gamma )$ and $f\_{2}(\Gamma )$ is defined by the equilibrium correlation

$$\left(f\_{1},f\_{2}\right)=\int d\Gamma \rho \_{0}\left(\Gamma \right)f\_{1}\left(\Gamma \right)f\_{2}\left(\Gamma \right),$$

where

$$\rho \_{0}\left(\Gamma \right)={\frac {\delta \left(H\left(\Gamma \right)-E\right)}{\int d\Gamma ^{\prime }\delta \left(H\left(\Gamma ^{\prime }\right)-E\right)},}$$

denotes the microcanonical equilibrium distribution. "Fast" variables, by definition, are orthogonal to all functions $G(A(\Gamma ))$ of $A(\Gamma )$ under this scalar product. This definition states that fluctuations of fast and slow variables are uncorrelated, and according to the ergodic hypothesis this also is true for time averages. If a generic function $f(\Gamma )$ is correlated with some slow variables, then one may subtract functions of slow variables until there remains the uncorrelated fast part of $f(\Gamma )$. The product of a slow and a fast variable is a fast variable.

## The projection operator

Consider the continuous set of functions $\Phi \_{a}(\Gamma )=\delta (A(\Gamma )-a)=\prod \_{n}\delta (A\_{n}(\Gamma )-a\_{n})$ with $a=a\_{n}$ constant. Any phase space function $G(A(\Gamma ))$ depending on $\Gamma $ only through $A(\Gamma )$ is a function of the $\Phi \_{a}$, namely

$$G(A\left(\Gamma \right))=\int daG\left(a\right)\delta \left(A\left(\Gamma \right)-a\right).$$

A generic phase space function $f(\Gamma )$ decomposes according to

$$f\left(\Gamma \right)=F\left(A\left(\Gamma \right)\right)+R\left(\Gamma \right),$$

where $R(\Gamma )$ is the fast part of $f(\Gamma )$. To get an expression for the slow part $F(\Gamma )$ of $f$ take the scalar product with the slow function $\delta (A(\Gamma )-a)$,

$$\int d\Gamma \rho \_{0}\left(\Gamma \right)f\left(\Gamma \right)\delta \left(A\left(\Gamma \right)-a\right)=\int d\Gamma \rho \_{0}\left(\Gamma \right)F\left(A\left(\Gamma \right)\right)\delta \left(A\left(\Gamma \right)-a\right)=F\left(a\right)\int d\Gamma \rho \_{0}\left(\Gamma \right)\delta \left(A\left(\Gamma \right)-a\right).$$

This gives an expression for $F(\Gamma )$, and thus for the operator $P$ projecting an arbitrary function $f(\Gamma )$ to its "slow" part depending on $\Gamma $ only through $A(\Gamma )$,

$$P\cdot f\left(\Gamma \right)=F\left(A\left(\Gamma \right)\right)={\frac {\int d\Gamma ^{\prime }\rho \_{0}\left(\Gamma ^{\prime }\right)f\left(\Gamma ^{\prime }\right)\delta \left(A\left(\Gamma ^{\prime }\right)-A\left(\Gamma \right)\right)}{\int d\Gamma ^{\prime }\rho \_{0}\left(\Gamma ^{\prime }\right)\delta \left(A\left(\Gamma ^{\prime }\right)-A\left(\Gamma \right)\right)}.}$$

This expression agrees with the expression given by Zwanzig, except that Zwanzig subsumes $H(\Gamma )$ in the slow variables. The Zwanzig projection operator fulfills $PG(A(\Gamma ))=G(A(\Gamma ))$ and $P^{2}=P$. The fast part of $f(\Gamma )$ is $(1-P)f(\Gamma )$. Functions of slow variables and in particular products of slow variables are slow variables. The space of slow variables thus is an algebra. The algebra in general is not closed under the Poisson bracket, including the Poisson bracket with the Hamiltonian.

## Connection with Liouville and Master equation

The ultimate justification for the definition of $P$ as given above is that it allows to derive a master equation for the time dependent probability distribution $p(a,t)$ of the slow variables (or Langevin equations for the slow variables themselves).

To sketch the typical steps, let $\rho (\Gamma ,t)=\rho \_{0}(\Gamma )\sigma (\Gamma ,t)$ denote the time-dependent probability distribution in phase space. The phase space density $\sigma (\Gamma ,t)$ (as well as $\rho (\Gamma ,t)$) is a solution of the Liouville equation

$$i{\frac {\partial }{\partial t}\sigma (\Gamma ,t)=L\sigma (\Gamma ,t).}$$

The crucial step then is to write $\rho \_{1}=P\sigma $, $\rho \_{2}=(1-P)\sigma $ and to project the Liouville equation onto the slow and the fast subspace,

$$i{\frac {\partial }{\partial t}\rho \_{1}=PL\rho \_{1}+PL\rho \_{2},}$$

$$i{\frac {\partial }{\partial t}\rho \_{2}=\left(1-P\right)L\rho \_{2}+\left(1-P\right)L\rho \_{1}.}$$

Solving the second equation for $\rho \_{2}$ and inserting $\rho \_{2}(\Gamma ,t)$ into the first equation gives a closed equation for $\rho \_{1}$ (see Nakajima–Zwanzig equation). The latter equation finally gives an equation for $p(A(\Gamma ),t)=p\_{0}(A(\Gamma ))\rho \_{1}(\Gamma ,t),$ where $p\_{0}(a)$ denotes the equilibrium distribution of the slow variables.

## Nonlinear Langevin equations

The starting point for the standard derivation of a Langevin equation is the identity $1=P+Q$, where $Q$ projects onto the fast subspace. Consider discrete small time steps $\tau $ with evolution operator $U\cong 1+i\tau L$, where $L$ is the Liouville operator. The goal is to express $U^{n}$ in terms of $U^{k}P$ and $Q(UQ)^{m}$. The motivation is that $U^{k}P$ is a functional of slow variables and that $Q(UQ)^{m}$ generates expressions which are fast variables at every time step. The expectation is that fast variables isolated in this way can be represented by some model data, for instance by a Gaussian white noise. The decomposition is achieved by multiplying $1=P+Q$ from the left with $U$, except for the last term, which is multiplied with $U=PU+QU$. Iteration gives

$$\begin{aligned}1&=P+Q,\\U&=UP+PUQ+QUQ,\\\...&=...\\U^{n}&=U^{n}P+\sum \_{m=1}^{n}U^{n-m}P\left(UQ\right)^{m}+Q\left(UQ\right)^{n}.\end{aligned}$$

The last line can also be proved by induction. Assuming $U=1+itL/n$ and performing the limit $n\rightarrow \infty $ directly leads to the operator identity of Kawasaki

$$e^{itL}=e^{itL}P+i\int \_{0}^{t}dse^{i\left(t-s\right)L}PLQe^{isLQ}+Qe^{itLQ}.$$

A generic Langevin equation is obtained by applying this equation to the time derivative of a slow variable $A$, $dA(\Gamma ,t)/dt=e^{itL}(dA(\Gamma ,t)/dt)\_{t=0}$,

$$\begin{aligned}{\frac {dA}{dt}\left(\Gamma ,t\right)&=V+K+R,\\V&=e^{itL}P{\dot {A}\left(\Gamma ,0\right),\\K&=i\int \_{0}^{t}dse^{i\left(t-s\right)L}PLQe^{isLQ}{\dot {A}\left(\Gamma ,0\right)=i\int \_{0}^{t}dse^{i\left(t-s\right)L}PLR\left(s\right),\\R&=Qe^{itLQ}{\dot {A}\left(\Gamma ,0\right).\end{aligned}}}}}$$

Here $R$ is the fluctuating force (it only depends on fast variables). Mode coupling term $V$ and damping term $K$ are functionals of $A(t)$ and $A(t-s)$ and can be simplified considerably.

## Discrete set of functions, relation to the Mori projection operator

Instead of expanding the slow part of $f(\Gamma )$ in the continuous set $\Phi \_{a}(\Gamma )=\delta (A(\Gamma )-a)$ of functions one also might use some enumerable set of functions $\Phi \_{n}(A(\Gamma ))$. If these functions constitute a complete orthonormal function set then the projection operator simply reads

$$P\cdot f\left(\Gamma \right)=\sum \_{n}\left(f,\Phi \_{n}\right)\Phi \_{n}\left(A\left(\Gamma \right)\right).$$

A special choice for $\Phi \_{n}(A(\Gamma ))$ are orthonormalized linear combinations of the slow variables $A(\Gamma )$. This leads to the Mori projection operator. However, the set of linear functions is not complete, and the orthogonal variables are not fast or random if nonlinearity in $A$ comes into play.


title: Zvanarka

abstract: Zvanarka is a village in Krumovgrad Municipality, Kardzhali Province, southern Bulgaria.

text:
# Zvanarka

**Zvanarka** is a village in Krumovgrad Municipality, Kardzhali Province, southern Bulgaria.

## InfoBox

| Zvanarka Звънарка | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Zvanarka | |
| Coordinates: 41°27′00″N 25°38′00″E / 41.4500°N 25.6333°E / 41.4500; 25.6333 | |
| Country | Bulgaria |
| Province | Kardzhali Province |
| Municipality | Krumovgrad |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


title: Zonosaurus trilineatus

abstract: Zonosaurus trilineatus, the three-lined girdled lizard, is a species of lizard in the family Gerrhosauridae. The species is endemic to Madagascar.

text:
# Zonosaurus trilineatus

***Zonosaurus trilineatus***, the **three-lined girdled lizard**, is a species of lizard in the family Gerrhosauridae. The species is endemic to Madagascar.

## InfoBox

| *Zonosaurus trilineatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Gerrhosauridae |
| Genus: | *Zonosaurus* |
| Species: | ***Z. trilineatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Zonosaurus trilineatus***
Angel, 1939 | |
|