title: Vocea României season 2

abstract: The second season of the Romanian reality talent show Vocea României premiered on ProTV on September 25, 2012. It was hosted by Pavel Bartoș and Nicoleta Luciu, while Vlad Roșca was the social media correspondent. All four coaches returned for their second season. The season expanded from the first season: each coach had fourteen artists on their team, rather than twelve as in the first season, resulting in 24 contestants qualifying for the live shows, as opposed to 20 the previous year. The blind auditions have also been extended from five to six episodes. The pre-selection phase was extended to more locations across Romania; they were held June 4 to June 29, 2012, in Bucharest, Iași, Constanța, Timișoara and Cluj-Napoca. The season finale aired on December 26, 2012. Julie Mayaya, mentored by coach Horia Brenciu, was declared winner of the season. It was Brenciu's first victory as a coach.

text:
# Vocea României season 2

The **second season** of the Romanian reality talent show *Vocea României* premiered on ProTV on September 25, 2012. It was hosted by Pavel Bartoș and Nicoleta Luciu, while Vlad Roșca was the social media correspondent. All four coaches returned for their second season.

The season expanded from the first season: each coach had fourteen artists on their team, rather than twelve as in the first season, resulting in 24 contestants qualifying for the live shows, as opposed to 20 the previous year. The blind auditions have also been extended from five to six episodes. The pre-selection phase was extended to more locations across Romania; they were held June 4 to June 29, 2012, in Bucharest, Iași, Constanța, Timișoara and Cluj-Napoca.

The season finale aired on December 26, 2012. Julie Mayaya, mentored by coach Horia Brenciu, was declared winner of the season. It was Brenciu's first victory as a coach.

## Pre-selections

BucharestIașiConstanțaTimișoaraCluj-Napocaclass=notpageimage|Cities where the pre-selections were held.

Pre-selections took place in the following cities:

| Location | Date | Venue |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bucharest | June 4, 2012 | Ramada Bucharest Parc Hotel |
| Iași | June 18, 2012 | Hotel Unirea |
| Constanța | June 21, 2012 | Hotel Palace |
| Timișoara | June 26, 2012 | Hotel Continental |
| Cluj-Napoca | June 29, 2012 | Hotel Belvedere |

## Teams

Color key

| Coaches | Top 56 artists | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Horia Brenciu |  | | | | |
| | **Julie Mayaya** | Laurian Manta | Vlad Simon | Dalma Kovács | Ioana Cristea |
| | Maria Cojocaru | Camelia Sterea | Mihai Grigoraș | Ovidiu Lazăr | Robert Nicolae |
| | Marius Bălan | Maria Alexievici | Izabela Simion | Diana Moșneagu |  |
| Marius Moga |  | | | | |
| | Imre Vízi | Fely Donose | Robert Reamzy | Cezar Dometi | David Bryan |
| | Maria-Mirabela Cismaru | Monica Odagiu | Monica Merișan | Oana Munteanu | Cristina Bondoc |
| | Claudiu Zamfira | Marcel Roșca | Mihai Toma | Dorin Ochenatu |  |
| Loredana Groza |  | | | | |
| | Cristi Nistor | Ciprian Teodorescu | Ana-Maria Alexie | Teodor Manciulea | Nicoleta Gavriliță |
| | Daria Corbu | Ricardo Caria | Răzvan Ștef | Teodora Secui | Daddy |
| | Ștefan Gheorghiu | Alexandru Simion | Magdalena Cichirdan | Bernard Lazăr |  |
| Smiley |  | | | | |
| | Tibi Scobiola | Silviu Pașca | Loredana Ciobotaru | Andreea Olariu | Mihail Gheorghe |
| | Laura Gherescu | George Liliac | Cristina Caramarcu | Matei Sorescu | Dragoș Cristiu |
| | Elena Vasile | Eduard Buday | Camelia Marinescu | Jan Șelaru |  |

## Blind auditions

The first phase of the competition, the blind auditions, taped August 6–9, 2012 at the MediaPro Studios, Buftea, began airing when the season premiered on September 25, 2012.

Color key

|  | Coach hit his/her "I WANT YOU" button |
| --- | --- |
|  | Artist defaulted to this coach's team |
|  | Artist elected to join this coach's team |
|  | Artist eliminated with no coach pressing his or her "I WANT YOU" button |
|

### Episode 1 (September 25)

The first of six pre-recorded audition episodes aired on Tuesday, September 25, 2012. The show started with the four coaches and the season 1 finalists singing "Moves like Jagger".

| Order | Artist | Age | Hometown | Song | Coach's and contestant's choices | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | Brenciu | Loredana | Smiley | Moga |
| 1 | Izabela Simion | 19 | Târgoviște, Dâmbovița | "Unfaithful" |  |  |  |  |
| 2 | Matei Sorescu | 25 | Timișoara, Timiș | "I Try" |  |  |  |  |
| 3 | Maria Cojocaru | 21 | Sibiu, Sibiu | "Mercedes Benz" |  |  |  |  |
| 4 | Raluca Drăgoi | 26 | Ploiești, Prahova | "Without You" |  |  |  |  |
| 5 | Maria-Mirabela Cismaru | 17 | Rovinari, Gorj | "Mercy" |  |  |  |  |
| 6 | Ștefan Gheorghiu | 39 | Bucharest | "What a Wonderful World" |  |  |  |  |
| 7 | Dorin Ochenatu | 27 | Pitești, Argeș | "Lady Luck" |  |  |  |  |
| 8 | Alexandra Haidău | 15 | Iași, Iași | "Sway" |  |  |  |  |
| 9 | George Liliac | 32 | Onești, Bacău | "Adeline" |  |  |  |  |
| 10 | Ciprian Teodorescu | 32 | Iași, Iași | "Love Is All Around" |  |  |  |  |
| 11 | Robert Marius Anghel | 34 | Hunedoara, Hunedoara | "I Won't Give Up" |  |  |  |  |
| 12 | Daria Corbu | 25 | Pitești, Argeș | "Son of a Preacher Man" |  |  |  |  |
| 13 | Maria Alexievici | 20 | Alba Iulia, Alba | "Breakeven" |  |  |  |  |

### Episode 2 (October 2)

The second episode aired on October 2, 2012.

| Order | Artist | Age | Hometown | Song | Coach's and contestant's choices | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | Brenciu | Loredana | Smiley | Moga |
| 1 | Cristina Caramarcu | 27 | Bucharest | "Nobody's Perfect" |  |  |  |  |
| 2 | Constantin Garbis | 56 | Medgidia, Constanța | "Ziua vrăjitoarelor" |  |  |  |  |
| 3 | Loredana Ciobotaru | 22 | Tulcea, Tulcea | "One" |  |  |  |  |
| 4 | Oana Muntean | 23 | Arad, Arad | "A Woman's Worth" |  |  |  |  |
| 5 | Jan Șelaru | 44 | Moreni, Dâmbovița | "Aïcha" |  |  |  |  |
| 6 | Cornelia Goda | 33 | Focșani, Vrancea | "O iubire imposibilă" |  |  |  |  |
| 7 | Mihai Grigoraș | 28 | Bacău, Bacău | "Gravity" |  |  |  |  |
| 8 | Fely Donose | 26 | Sebeș, Alba | "Yoü and I" |  |  |  |  |
| 9 | Bernard Lazăr | 17 | Iași, Iași | "Cât de frumoasă ești" |  |  |  |  |
| 10 | Cătălin Rață | 21 | Galați, Galați | "Haven't Met You Yet" |  |  |  |  |
| 11 | Laurian Manta | 16 | Slănic, Prahova | "Je suis malade" |  |  |  |  |
| 12 | Crina Bălan | 25 | Mangalia, Constanța | "Listen to Your Heart" |  |  |  |  |
| 13 | Cristi Nistor | 26 | Luduș, Mureș | "She Will Be Loved" |  |  |  |  |
| 14 | Camelia Sterea | 26 | Constanța, Constanța | "I Have Nothing" |  |  |  |  |

### Episode 3 (October 9)

The third episode aired on October 9, 2012.

| Order | Artist | Age | Hometown | Song | Coach's and contestant's choices | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | Brenciu | Loredana | Smiley | Moga |
| 1 | Ana-Maria Alexie | 17 | Dorohoi, Botoșani | "Rehab" |  |  |  |  |
| 2 | David Bryan | 27 | Bucharest | "It Will Rain" |  |  |  |  |
| 3 | Dorin Marius Mateescu | 26 | Arad, Arad | "One Moment in Time" |  |  |  |  |
| 4 | Nicoleta Gavriliță | 19 | Chișinău, Moldova | "Yesterday" |  |  |  |  |
| 5 | Alexandru Săndoiu | 16 | Bucharest | "Chasing Cars" |  |  |  |  |
| 6 | Daddy | 24 | Buzău, Buzău | "Ochii tăi" |  |  |  |  |
| 7 | Georgiana Ene | 33 | Bucharest | "Je veux" |  |  |  |  |
| 8 | Cezar Dometi | 22 | Iași, Iași | "Make You Feel My Love" |  |  |  |  |
| 9 | Mihai Jipa | 52 | Ploiești, Parhova | "Can't Help Falling in Love" |  |  |  |  |
| 10 | Alina Știrbu | 23 | Bucharest | "La Vie en rose" |  |  |  |  |
| 11 | Robert Nicolae | 24 | Constanța, Constanța | "You Are So Beautiful" |  |  |  |  |
| 12 | Andreea Olariu | 16 | Constanța, Constanța | "I Surrender" |  |  |  |  |
| 13 | Ioana Cristea | 18 | Târgoviște Dâmbovița | "You Lost Me" |  |  |  |  |
| 14 | Laura Gherescu | 25 | Bucharest | "Upside Down" |  |  |  |  |

### Episode 4 (October 19)

The fourth episode aired on October 19, 2012.

| Order | Artist | Age | Hometown | Song | Coach's and contestant's choices | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | Brenciu | Loredana | Smiley | Moga |
| 1 | Ricardo Caria | 33 | Arad, Arad | "Bailamos" |  |  |  |  |
| 2 | Magdalena Cichirdan | 27 | Bucharest | "Over the Rainbow" |  |  |  |  |
| 3 | Alina Giurgiu | 35 | Timișoara, Timiș | "Am nevoie de tine" |  |  |  |  |
| 4 | Julie Mayaya | 26 | Iași, Iași | "Hurt" |  |  |  |  |
| 5 | Oana Hristov | 34 | Brașov, Brașov | "Don't Know Why" |  |  |  |  |
| 6 | Teodora Secui | 21 | Constanța, Constanța | "A Woman's Worth" |  |  |  |  |
| 7 | Monica Odagiu | 16 | Bucharest | "Piece of My Heart" |  |  |  |  |
| 8 | Călin Lupu | 32 | Timișoara, Timiș | "Supergirl" |  |  |  |  |
| 9 | Robert Reamzy | 18 | Bucharest | "I Just Can't Stop Loving You" |  |  |  |  |
| 10 | Cornel Macovei | 50 | Râmnicu Sărat, Buzău | "Copacul" |  |  |  |  |
| 11 | Eduard Buday | 33 | Petroșani, Hunedoara | "Have You Ever Seen the Rain?" |  |  |  |  |
| 12 | Ovidiu Lazăr | 18 | Oradea, Bihor | "Cât de frumoasă ești" |  |  |  |  |
| 13 | Silviu Pașca | 27 | Timișoara, Timiș | "The Seed (2.0)" |  |  |  |  |

### Episode 5 (October 23)

The fifth episode was aired on October 23, 2012.

| Order | Artist | Age | Hometown | Song | Coach's and contestant's choices | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | Brenciu | Loredana | Smiley | Moga |
| 1 | Răzvan Ștef | 26 | Arad, Arad | "Angels" |  |  |  |  |
| 2 | Cristina Bondoc | 25 | Tulcea, Tulcea | "Because of You" |  |  |  |  |
| 3 | Radu Ghencea | 35 | Bucharest | "Merit eu" |  |  |  |  |
| 4 | Diana Moșneagu | 15 | Vaslui, Vaslui | "Dragostea rămâne" |  |  |  |  |
| 5 | Camelia Marinescu | 32 | Bucharest | "When I Fall in Love" |  |  |  |  |
| 6 | Claudiu Zamfira | 20 | Târgoviște, Dâmbovița | "Ochii tăi" |  |  |  |  |
| 7 | Cristina Popoacă | 33 | Bucharest | "Speechless" |  |  |  |  |
| 8 | Teodor Manciulea | 16 | Buzău, Buzău | "How Am I Supposed to Live Without You" |  |  |  |  |
| 9 | Nicolae Buda | 45 | Periam, Timiș | "Light My Fire" |  |  |  |  |
| 10 | Mihai Toma | 27 | Bucharest | "Great Balls of Fire" |  |  |  |  |
| 11 | Ella Dani | 32 | Craiova, Dolj | "Piece of My Heart" |  |  |  |  |
| 12 | Tibi Scobiola | 39 | Bucharest | "Ordinary People" |  |  |  |  |
| 13 | Vlad Alecu | 23 | Bucharest | "Balada (Tchê Tcherere Tchê Tchê)" |  |  |  |  |
| 14 | Marius Bălan | 25 | Pitești, Argeș | "Jesus to a Child" |  |  |  |  |

### Episode 6 (October 30)

The sixth and last blind audition episode aired on October 30, 2012.

| Order | Artist | Age | Hometown | Song | Coach's and contestant's choices | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | Brenciu | Loredana | Smiley | Moga |
| 1 | Dalma Kovács | 27 | Brașov, Braşov | "A Night like This" |  |  |  |  |
| 2 | Mihail Gheorghe | 26 | Constanța, Constanța | "You Give Me Something" |  |  |  |  |
| 3 | Lucian Curelariu | 28 | Suceava, Suceava | "Iris" |  |  |  |  |
| 4 | Monica Merișan | 23 | Cernavodă, Constanța | "Iartă" |  |  |  |  |
| 5 | Selatin Kiazim | 16 | Constanța, Constanța | "Not the Same Dreams Anymore" |  |  |  |  |
| 6 | Elena Vasile | 37 | Bucharest | "If I Were a Boy" |  |  |  |  |
| 7 | Imre Vízi | 26 | Târgu Mureș, Mureș | "Roxanne" |  |  |  |  |
| 8 | Pavel Bartoș | 37 | Bucharest | "Frumoasa mea" |  |  |  |  |
| 9 | Roxana Elena Apreutesei | 31 | Piatra Neamț, Neamț | "What a Wonderful World" |  |  |  |  |
| 10 | Dragoș Cristiu | 24 | Constanța, Constanța | "Yesterday" |  |  |  |  |
| 11 | Alexandru Albert Preda | 23 | Pucioasa, Dâmbovița | "Tears in Heaven" |  |  |  |  |
| 12 | Alexandru Simion | 21 | Constanța, Constanța | "Say You, Say Me" |  |  |  |  |
| 13 | Vlad Simon | 26 | Sibiu, Sibiu | "Faith" |  |  |  |  |
| 14 | Marcel Roșca | 22 | Chișinău, Moldova | "Without You" |  |  |  |  |

Host Pavel Bartoș auditioned as a joke. The coaches immediately recognized him and turned around, though, obviously, Bartoș did not join either of their teams.

## The battles

After the blind auditions, each coach had fourteen contestants for the battle rounds, taped October 15–17, 2012 at the MediaPro Studios, Buftea, and aired November 6–20, 2012. Coaches began narrowing down the playing field by training the contestants with the help of "trusted advisors". Each episode featured nine or ten battles consisting of pairings from within each team, and each battle concluding with the respective coach eliminating one of the two contestants.

The trusted advisors for these episodes are: Monica Anghel working with Horia Brenciu; Cristi Minculescu working with Loredana Groza; Șerban Cazan working with Smiley and Randi working with Marius Moga

Color key

|  | Artist won the battle and advanced to the next round |
| --- | --- |
|  | Artist lost the battle and was eliminated |

### Episode 7 (6 November)

The seventh episode aired on November 6, 2012.

| Coach | Order | Winner | Song | Loser |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Loredana Groza | 1 | Teodor Manciulea | "Baby" | Bernard Lazăr |
| Smiley | 2 | Laura Gherescu | "7 Seconds" | Jan Șelaru |
| Marius Moga | 3 | Cezar Dometi | "Starlight" | Dorin Ochenatu |
| Horia Brenciu | 4 | Vlad Simon | "Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go" | Diana Moșneagu |
| Loredana Groza | 5 | Ciprian Teodorescu | "Have I Told You Lately" | Magdalena Cichirdan |
| Smiley | 6 | Andreea Olariu | "When You Believe" | Camelia Marinescu |
| Marius Moga | 7 | Imre Vízi | "I Wan'na Be like You (The Monkey Song)" | Mihai Toma |
| Horia Brenciu | 8 | Camelia Sterea | "My Number One" | Izabela Simion |
| Loredana Groza | 9 | Cristi Nistor | "Drops of Jupiter (Tell Me)" | Alexandru Simion |
|

### Episode 8 (13 November)

The eighth episode aired on November 13, 2012.

| Coach | Order | Winner | Song | Loser |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Horia Brenciu | 1 | Laurian Manta | "Pleacă" | Maria Alexievici |
| Smiley | 2 | George Liliac | "Dancing in the Street" | Eduard Buday |
| Marius Moga | 3 | David Bryan | "To the Moon and Back" | Marcel Roșca |
| Loredana Groza | 4 | Ana-Maria Alexie | "I Got You Babe" | Ștefan Gheorghiu |
| Horia Brenciu | 5 | Dalma Kovács | "Somebody That I Used to Know" | Marius Bălan |
| Loredana Groza | 6 | Ricardo Caria | "María" | Daddy |
| Smiley | 7 | Loredana Ciobotaru | "Cryin'" | Elena Vasile |
| Marius Moga | 8 | Maria-Mirabela Cismaru | "You're the One That I Want" | Claudiu Zamfira |
| Horia Brenciu | 9 | Ioana Cristea | "Beauty and the Beast" | Robert Nicolae |
| Smiley | 10 | Silviu Pașca | "Beggin'" | Dragoș Cristiu |
|

### Episode 9 (20 November)

The ninth episode aired on November 20, 2012.

| Coach | Order | Winner | Song | Loser |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Marius Moga | 1 | Fely Donose | "If I Ain't Got You" | Cristina Bondoc |
| Horia Brenciu | 2 | Julie Mayaya | "Black or White" | Ovidiu Lazăr |
| Smiley | 3 | Mihail Gheorghe | "Would I Lie to You?" | Matei Sorescu |
| Loredana Groza | 4 | Daria Corbu | "Call Me Maybe" | Teodora Secui |
| Marius Moga | 5 | Robert Reamzy | "Diamonds and Pearls" | Oana Muntean |
| Horia Brenciu | 6 | Maria Cojocaru | "You Shook Me All Night Long" | Mihai Grigoraș |
| Smiley | 7 | Tibi Scobiola | "Lucky" | Cristina Caramarcu |
| Loredana Groza | 8 | Nicoleta Gavriliță | "Don't Go Breaking My Heart" | Răzvan Ștef |
| Marius Moga | 9 | Monica Odagiu | "Can't Take My Eyes Off You" | Monica Merișan |

## The sing-off

At the end of the battle rounds, each coach advanced five contestants from their team to the live shows, leaving the other two to duel for the sixth and last spot, in an extra round called "the sing-off" (*cântecul decisiv*). The contestants sang their blind audition songs again and the coaches chose one contestant each.

**Color key:**

|  | Artist won the Sing off and advanced to the Live shows |
| --- | --- |
|  | Artist lost the Sing off and was eliminated |

| Coach | Order | Artist | Song | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Horia Brenciu | 1 | Camelia Sterea | "I Have Nothing" | Eliminated |
| | 2 | Laurian Manta | "Je suis malade" | Advanced |
| Smiley | 3 | George Liliac | "Adeline" | Eliminated |
| | 4 | Laura Gherescu | "Upside Down" | Advanced |
| Marius Moga | 5 | Monica Odagiu | "Piece of My Heart" | Eliminated |
| | 6 | Maria-Mirabela Cismaru | "Mercy" | Advanced |
| Loredana Groza | 7 | Ricardo Caria | "Bailamos" | Eliminated |
| | 8 | Nicoleta Gavriliță | "Yesterday" | Advanced |

## Live shows

Color key

|  | Artist was saved by the public vote |
| --- | --- |
|  | Artist was chosen by their coach |
|  | Artist was eliminated |

### Live Playoffs (Week 1)

Three contestants from each team competed in each of the first two live shows, which aired on Tuesday, November 27 and Saturday, December 1, 2012, respectively. In either of the two shows, the public vote could save one contestant from each team, the second one being chosen by the coach. The third-placed contestant was eliminated. The sing-off concept remained a battles-only feature after the first season and disappeared from the live shows.

Episode 10 (November 27)
| Coach | Order | Artist | Song | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Smiley | 1 | Loredana Ciobotaru | "The Way You Make Me Feel" | Smiley's choice |
| | 2 | Laura Gherescu | "Empire State of Mind" | Eliminated |
| | 3 | Silviu Pașca | "Lose Yourself" / "Dream On" | Public vote |
| Loredana Groza | 4 | Ciprian Teodorescu | "She's a Lady" | Public vote |
| | 5 | Ana-Maria Alexie | "Man Down" | Loredana's choice |
| | 6 | Daria Corbu | "Titanium" | Eliminated |
| Horia Brenciu | 7 | Maria Cojocaru | "Euphoria" | Eliminated |
| | 8 | Vlad Simon | "Come Together" | Public vote |
| | 9 | Dalma Kovács | "Hot n Cold" | Brenciu's choice |
| Marius Moga | 10 | Maria-Mirabela Cismaru | "What's Up?" | Eliminated |
| | 11 | Imre Vízi | "How Come, How Long" | Public vote |
| | 12 | Fely Donose | "Set Fire to the Rain" | Moga's choice |
|

Non-competition performances
| Order | Performer | Song |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Horia Brenciu | "Fac ce-mi spune inima" |
| 2 | Marius Moga | "Tot mai sus" |
| 3 | Smiley | "Dead Man Walking" |
| 4 | Loredana Groza | "Apa" |
| 5 | Horia Brenciu, Loredana Groza, Smiley and Marius Moga | "Thank You for the Music" |
| 6 | Eagle-Eye Cherry | "Save Tonight" |
| 7 | Eagle-Eye Cherry | "Can't Get Enough" |

Episode 11 (December 1)
| Coach | Order | Artist | Song | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Horia Brenciu | 1 | Laurian Manta | "România" | Public vote |
| | 2 | Ioana Cristea | "Te iubeam" | Eliminated |
| | 3 | Julie Mayaya | "Ochii tăi" | Brenciu's choice |
| Loredana Groza | 4 | Teodor Manciulea | "O inimă de 16 ani" | Loredana's choice |
| | 5 | Nicoleta Gavriliță | "Un actor grăbit" | Eliminated |
| | 6 | Cristi Nistor | "Kalašnjikov" / "Gas Gas" | Public vote |
| Marius Moga | 7 | David Bryan | "Cerul" | Eliminated |
| | 8 | Robert Reamzy | "Sign Your Name" | Public vote |
| | 9 | Cezar Dometi | "De-ai fi tu salcie la mal" | Moga's choice |
| Smiley | 10 | Mihail Gheorghe | "Good Golly, Miss Molly" | Eliminated |
| | 11 | Tibi Scobiola | "Ană, zorile se varsă" | Public vote |
| | 12 | Andreea Olariu | "Show Me How You Burlesque" | Smiley's choice |

Non-competition performances
| Order | Performer | Song |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Top 24 contestants | "Deșteaptă-te, române!" |
| 12 | Andra | Medley:
"În noapte mă trezesc"
"Dragostea rămâne"
"K la meteo" |
| 3 | Horia Brenciu and Monica Anghel | "Sway" |
| 4 | Loredana Groza și Cristi Minculescu | "Strada ta" |
| 5 | Doina Spătaru | "De-ar fi să vii" |
| 6 | Top 24 contestants | "Gândește liber" |

### Quarterfinals (Week 2 & Week 3 - Part 1)

Team Brenciu and Team Smiley competed in the third live show, which aired on Tuesday, December 4. Team Loredana and Team Moga competed in the fourth live show, which aired on Tuesday, December 11. In each team, the winner of the public televote advanced to the next stage, while the 4th-placed contestant was eliminated. The coach got to save one of the remaining two contestants.

Episode 12 (December 4)
| Coach | Order | Artist | Song | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Horia Brenciu | 1 | Dalma Kovács | "It's All Coming Back to Me Now" | Public elimination |
| Smiley | 2 | Silviu Pașca | "Jump" | Smiley's choice |
| Horia Brenciu | 3 | Laurian Manta | "Nothing's Gonna Change My Love for You" | Brenciu's choice |
| Smiley | 4 | Andreea Olariu | "Survivor" | Public elimination |
| Horia Brenciu | 5 | Julie Mayaya | "Something's Got a Hold on Me" | Public vote |
| Smiley | 6 | Tibi Scobiola | "Secrets" | Public vote |
| Horia Brenciu | 7 | Vlad Simon | "Smooth" | Brenciu's elimination |
| Smiley | 8 | Loredana Ciobotaru | "Russian Roulette" | Smiley's elimination |
|

Non-competition performances
| Order | Performer | Song |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Marius Moga, Monica Odagiu, Marcel Roșca, Claudiu Zamfira | "Play That Funky Music" |
| 2 | Blue | "Sorry Seems to Be the Hardest Word" |
| 3 | Loredana Groza, Magdalena Cichirdan, Ștefan Gheorghiu, Alexandru Simion, Răzvan Ștef | "Friends Will Be Friends" |
| 4 | Blue | "Hurt Lovers" |
| 5 | Horia Brenciu, Dalma Kovács, Laurian Manta, Julie Mayaya, Vlad Simon | "All Night Long (All Night)" |
| 6 | Smiley, Loredana Ciobotaru, Andreea Olariu, Silviu Pașca, Tibi Scobiola | "Big Girls Don't Cry" |

Episode 13 (December 11)
| Coach | Order | Artist | Song | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Loredana Groza | 1 | Ciprian Teodorescu | "Have You Ever Really Loved a Woman?" | Public vote |
| Marius Moga | 2 | Robert Reamzy | "Earth Song" | Moga's elimination |
| Loredana Groza | 3 | Ana-Maria Alexie | "Just One of Those Things" / "Look at Me Now" | Loredana's elimination |
| Marius Moga | 4 | Cezar Dometi | "Still Loving You" | Public elimination |
| Loredana Groza | 5 | Teodor Manciulea | "I'll Be There" | Public elimination |
| Marius Moga | 6 | Imre Vízi | "Knockin' on Heaven's Door" | Moga's choice |
| Loredana Groza | 7 | Cristi Nistor | "It's My Life" | Loredana's choice |
| Marius Moga | 8 | Fely Donose | "Don't Let Go (Love)" | Public vote |

Non-competition performances
| Order | Performer | Song |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Smiley, Eduard Buday, George Liliac, Matei Sorescu | "Wooly Bully" |
| 2 | t.A.T.u. | "All the Things She Said" |
| 3 | t.A.T.u. | "All About Us" |
| 4 | Marius Moga, Cezar Dometi, Fely Donose, Robert Reamzy, Imre Vízi | "Continuă" |
| 5 | Loredana Groza, Ana-Maria Alexie, Teodor Manciulea, Cristi Nistor, Ciprian Teodorescu | "The Best" |
| 6 | Horia Brenciu, Maria Alexievici, Mihai Grigoraș, Ovidiu Lazăr, Izabela Simion | "Get Outta My Dreams, Get into My Car" |

### Semi-final (Week 3 - Part 2)

All eight remaining contestants performed two songs each in the semi-final on Friday, December 14, 2012: a duet with one of their coach's season 1 contestants and a solo song. Within each team, the coach and the viewers each had a 50/50 say; the contestant with the highest combined score went on to the final.

Episode 14 (December 14)
| Coach | Artist | Order | Duet Song | Order | Solo Song | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Smiley | Tibi Scobiola | 1 | "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me" (with Ștefan Stan) | 13 | "Living on My Own" | Advanced |
| Horia Brenciu | Laurian Manta | 10 | "The Prayer" (with Iuliana Pușchilă) | 2 | "Mamma Knows Best" | Eliminated |
| Loredana Groza | Ciprian Teodorescu | 9 | "Suspicious Minds" (with Iulian Canaf) | 3 | "We Are Young" | Eliminated |
| Marius Moga | Imre Vízi | 4 | "Hotel California" (with Oana Radu) | 14 | "Grace Kelly" | Advanced |
| Smiley | Silviu Pașca | 5 | "Written in the Stars" (with Cătălin Dobre) | 12 | "Mad World" | Eliminated |
| Horia Brenciu | Julie Mayaya | 11 | "Freedom! '90" (with Irina Tănase) | 6 | "(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman" | Advanced |
| Marius Moga | Fely Donose | 15 | "Total Eclipse of the Heart" (with Cristian Sanda) | 7 | "Diamonds" | Eliminated |
| Loredana Groza | Cristi Nistor | 8 | "Corazón espinado" (with Dragoș Chircu) | 16 | "The Lady in Red" | Advanced |

Non-competition performances
| Order | Performer | Song |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Edi Stancu Dance Crew | "Don't Stop Me Now" |
| 2 | Jedward | "Waterline" |
| 3 | Jedward | "Lipstick" |

Results
| Coach | Finalist | | Coach/televote percentages | Eliminated | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Smiley | Tibi Scobiola | 110% | 50%  50% | 90% | Silviu Pașca |
| | | | 60%  40% | | |
| Horia Brenciu | Julie Mayaya | 117% | 50%  50% | 83% | Laurian Manta |
| | | | 67%  33% | | |
| Loredana Groza | Cristi Nistor | 132% | 50%  50% | 68% | Ciprian Teodorescu |
| | | | 82%  18% | | |
| Marius Moga | Imre Vízi | 114% | 50%  50% | 86% | Fely Donose |
| | | | 64%  36% | | |

### Final (Week 4)

The top 4 contestants performed in the grand final on Wednesday, December 26, 2012. This week, the four finalists performed a solo song, a duet with their coach and a duet with a celebrity. The public vote determined the winner, and that resulted in a victory for Julie Mayaya, Horia Brenciu's first victory as a coach.

Episode 15 (December 26)
| Coach | Artist | Order | Solo song | Order | Duet song (with coach) | Order | Duet song (with celebrity) | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Marius Moga | Imre Vízi | 12 | "Somewhere over the Rainbow" | 1 | "Oficial îmi merge bine" | 8 | "No Woman, No Cry" (with David Bryan, Cezar Dometi, Fely Donose și Silviu Pașca)***** | Runner-up |
| Smiley | Tibi Scobiola | 5 | "Back for Good" | 10 | "Baby, I Love Your Way" | 2 | "Endless Love" (with Antonia) | Fourth place |
| Horia Brenciu | Julie Mayaya | 3 | "Je t'aime" | 9 | "Cose della vita – Can't Stop Thinking of You" | 6 | Medley (with Andi Moisescu):
"Vânzătoarea de plăceri"
"Fetițele din București"
"Suflet candriu de papugiu"
"Sanie cu zurgălăi"
"Strada speranței"
"Morărița"
"O lume minunată" | Winner |
| Loredana Groza | Cristi Nistor | 7 | "I Want to Know What Love Is" | 11 | "Ileană, Ileană" | 4 | "Eternal Flame" (with Inna) | Third place |

***** Imre Vízi and Pacha Man were supposed to sing "Același sânge", but the latter was unable to make it to the MediaPro Studios on time due to being stranded on an international airport on a very snowy day. As a result, Vízi and a few other contestants had an improvised performance instead.

Non-competition performances
| Order | Performer | Song |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Ana-Maria, Laurian, Imre Vízi, Loredana Ciobotaru, David, Nicoleta, Ioana, Julie, Daria, Fely, Teodor, Cristi, Laura, Silviu, Cezar, Mihail, Ciprian and Tibi | "Joyful, Joyful" |
| 2 | Dana International | "Diva" |
| 3 | Alice Francis | "St. James Ballroom" |
| 4 | Alice Francis and Ștefan Stan | "White Christmas" |
| 5 | Silviu, Imre Vízi, Ciprian, Ioana, Teodor, Julie, Daria, Loredana Ciobotaru, Fely,
Laura, Ana-Maria, David, Cezar, Nicoleta, Laurian, Mihail, Cristi, Tibi | "Astăzi s-a născut Hristos" |
| 6 | Dana International | "Makat khom (Ey La Dir La Da Da)" |
| 7 | Julie Mayaya and Horia Brenciu | "Cose della vita – Can't Stop Thinking of You" (winning reprise) |

## Elimination chart

Color key Artist info   Result details

### Overall

| # | | Week 1 | | Week 2 | Week 3 | | Final |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Tuesday | Saturday | Tuesday | | Friday ||
|  | Julie Mayaya |  | Safe | Safe |  | Advanced (117 p.) | **Winner** |
|  | Imre Vízi | Safe |  |  | Safe | Advanced (114 p.) | Runner-up |
|  | Cristi Nistor |  | Safe |  | Safe | Advanced (132 p.) | 3rd place |
|  | Tibi Scobiola |  | Safe | Safe |  | Advanced (110 p.) | 4th place |
|  | Silviu Pașca | Safe |  | Safe |  | Eliminated (90 p.) | Eliminated
(Week 3.2) |
|  | Fely Donose | Safe |  |  | Safe | | Eliminated (86 p.) |
|  | Laurian Manta |  | Safe | Safe |  | | Eliminated (83 p.) |
|  | Ciprian Teodorescu | Safe |  |  | Safe | | Eliminated (68 p.) |
|  | Robert Reamzy |  | Safe |  | Eliminated | Eliminated
(Week 3.1) | |
|  | Cezar Dometi |  | Safe |  | | Eliminated |
|  | Ana-Maria Alexie | Safe |  |  | | Eliminated |
|  | Teodor Manciulea |  | Safe |  | | Eliminated |
|  | Loredana Ciobotaru | Safe |  | Eliminated | Eliminated
(Week 2) | | |
|  | Andreea Olariu |  | Safe | | Eliminated |
|  | Vlad Simon | Safe |  | | Eliminated |
|  | Dalma Kovács | Safe |  | | Eliminated |
|  | Mihail Gheorghe |  | Eliminated | Eliminated
(Week 1.2) | | | |
|  | David Bryan |  | | Eliminated |
|  | Nicoleta Gavriliță |  | | Eliminated |
|  | Ioana Cristea |  | | Eliminated |
|  | Maria-Mirabela Cismaru | Eliminated | Eliminated
(Week 1.1) | | | | |
|  | Maria Cojocaru | | Eliminated |
|  | Daria Corbu | | Eliminated |
|  | Laura Gherescu | | Eliminated |
| Reference(s) | |  |  |  |  |  |  |

## Controversies

Andreea Olariu, a contestant eliminated in episode 12, and her mother, Lucia, accused ProTV of unfairly trying to eliminate her and ruin her public image. The two claimed that Smiley, Andreea's coach in the contest, deliberately picked songs that would put her in a bad light. Lucia Olariu also claimed that Andreea had not been given enough time to rehearse and that Julie Mayaya's victory had been staged.

## Ratings

| Phase | # | Original airdate | National | | | | Urban | | | | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Rank | Average
(000) | Rating
(%) | Peak
(000) | Rank | Average
(000) | Rating
(%) | Peak
(000) | |
| Blind auditions | 1 | September 25, 2012 | 1 | 1,705 | 9.0 | 2,500+ | 1 | 1,096 | 10.4 |  |  |
| | 2 | October 2, 2012 | 1 | 1,938 | 10.2 | 2,846 | 1 | 1,136 | 10.8 | 1,592 |  |
| | 3 | October 9, 2012 | 1 | 2,061 | 10.8 | 2,871 | 1 | 1,313 | 12.5 | 1,811 |  |
| | 4 | October 19, 2012 | 1 | 2,038 | 10.7 | 2,500+ | 1 | 1,284 | 12.2 |  |  |
| | 5 | October 23, 2012 | 1 | 2,012 | 10.6 | 3,050 | 1 | 1,167 | 11.1 | 1,660 |  |
| | 6 | October 30, 2012 | 1 | 2,076 | 10.9 | 2,730 | 1 | 1,245 | 11.9 | 1,670 |  |
| Battles | 7 | November 6, 2012 | 1 | 1,899 | 10.0 | 2,400+ | 1 | 1,184 | 11.3 |  |  |
| | 8 | November 13, 2012 | 1 | 1,878 | 9.9 | 2,400+ | 1 | 1,180 | 11.2 |  |  |
| | 9 | November 20, 2012 | 1 | 1,526 | 8.0 |  | 1 | 985 | 9.4 |  |  |
| Live shows | 10 | November 27, 2012 | 1 | 1,471 | 7.7 |  | 1 | 909 | 8.7 |  |  |
| | 11 | December 1, 2012 | 1 | 1,607 | 8.4 | 2,500+ | 1 | 976 | 9.3 |  |  |
| | 12 | December 4, 2012 | 1 |  |  | 2,400+ | 1 | 945 | 9.0 |  |  |
| | 13 | December 11, 2012 | 2 | 1,215 | 6.4 |  | 2 | 751 | 7.2 |  |  |
| Semi-final | 14 | December 14, 2012 | 1 | 1,241 | 6.5 |  | 1 | 845 | 8.1 |  |  |
| Final | 15 | December 26, 2012 | 1 | 1,825 | 9.6 |  | 1 | 1,239 | 11.8 |  |  |

## InfoBox

| *Vocea României* | |
| --- | --- |
| Season 2 | |
|  | |
| Hosted by | Pavel Bartoș |
| Coaches | Horia Brenciu
Loredana Groza
Smiley
Marius Moga |
| Winner | Julie Mayaya |
| Winning coach | Horia Brenciu |
| Runner-up | Imre Vízi |
|  | |
| No. of episodes | 15 |
| Release | |
| Original network | ProTV |
| Original release | September 25 (2012-09-25)
December 26, 2012 (2012-12-26) |
| Season chronology | |


title: Zhou Youde

abstract: Zhou Youde, courtesy name Yichu, was a Chinese official active in the early Qing dynasty as governor of various provinces. As Viceroy of Liangguang, he along with Wang Lairen sent a petition to repeal the Great Evacuation edict.

text:
# Zhou Youde

| Zhou Youde | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Chinese |  |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Zhōu Yǒudé  Wade–Giles Chou1 Yu3-tê2 | |
|  | |

**Zhou Youde** (also romanised as **Chou Yu-te**; Chinese: 周有德; pinyin: *Zhōu Yǒudé*; Wade–Giles: *Chou1 Yu3-tê2*; died 1680), courtesy name **Yichu** (Chinese: 彝初; pinyin: *Yíchú*), was a Chinese official active in the early Qing dynasty as governor of various provinces. As Viceroy of Liangguang, he along with Wang Lairen sent a petition to repeal the Great Evacuation edict.

## Early life and career

Zhou Youde was born in the late Ming period. He enrolled in the Hongwen Institution (宏文院) in around 1644 and studied prose-editing and poetry, graduating in 1661, the first year of Kangxi's reign. Thereafter he enlisted as a banner-man in the Qing military and served under the Bordered Red Banner (镶红旗). In 1663, he was appointed Governor of Shandong and became the ninth person to take the helm. In 1665, Zhou petitioned the Kangxi Emperor to reduce taxes on the locals because they were experiencing sustained periods of drought and famine. He also sought for maritime trade bans to be lightened, following the capture or destruction of several Portuguese trading vessels. A year later, he spearheaded the modification of an abandoned German government palace into a prison hospital, rallying scores of villagers to assist in the construction with the promise of food; some officials and workers had to travel approximately 150 kilometres to Qingzhou to procure some of the necessary construction materials, including wood and stones. The compound is now referred to as "Pearl Springs" (珍珠泉) and is a historic landmark in Shandong.

As Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, a role he held from January 1668 to February 1670, taking over Qu Jinmei, Zhou and fellow official Wang Lairen (王來任) jointly wrote a petition to the Kangxi Emperor, urging him to abolish the Great Clearance, a "forceful relocation of coastal communities inland to cut off the supply lines of Ming loyalists." Zhou had personally witnessed the suffering of the victims and had long been a vocal opponent of the ban. As he observed, "(the evacuation) resulted in an imbalance of demographics, and it plunged many into unemployment." The edict was officially lifted on 16 December 1668, some seven years after it had been implemented. His successor as Liangguang (兩廣) governor-general was Quan Guangzu. In 1679 he became the governor of both Governor of Yunnan and Guizhou. Zhou also served as Governor of Sichuan from 1674 to 1679.

Zhou's career was plagued with controversy  in one instance he was accused of not providing supplies to the Qing military during the Revolt of the Three Feudatories while in another he was criticised for being unfilial by calling for the construction of a "grand residence when he was in a mourning period." Zhou Youde died of illness in 1680.

## Legacy

Left: The Lords Zhou and Wang Memorial Study Hall, Kam Tin; Right: An idol of Zhou Youde.

Following the petition to repeal the Great Evacuation edict, Zhou and Wang became officials revered especially by Tang clan members. As Ng (2015) writes, "(the) requests made by Zhou Youde and Wang Lairen for the wellbeing of a large number of people in the coastal areas won them high respect. The sign of their esteem is demonstrated by the wide scope of worshipping activities and associated excessive quantities of steles dedicated to them throughout Guangdong province."

The Lords Zhou and Wang Memorial Study Hall in Kam Tin was established by the Tang clan in 1684 as a tribute to Zhou and Wang Lairen. Similarly, the Temple for Two Dukes (二公祠) in Guangzhou was built in honour of Zhou and Wang. The Hongsheng temple in Chaolian contains imagery of Zhou; the displaced villagers had allegedly been given divine indication, after worshipping at the temple, that they would "return home after 1,800 days", a prediction which roughly came true following Zhou's efforts. Zhou and Wang were also deified at the Temple to Famous Officials in Nantou. Zhou is likewise treated like a deity by Chaoshan residents, who seek advice and divine help from him; this phenomenon is dismissed as "dross superstition" by a *Chaoxue* scholar.

Zhou features in Hong Kong folklore and is referred to as a "benevolent official". Descendants of the resettled villagers observe the Chou Wong Yi Kung festival at the start of the sixth lunar month annually, as a means of expressing their gratefulness towards Zhou and Wang.

Zhou is briefly mentioned in "Feng the Carpenter" (冯木匠), a short story implicitly criticising the Qing government by Pu Songling in *Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio*. The tale makes reference to the "remodeling of a former prince's residence into an office for various government ministries". In reality, Zhou had indeed commissioned the construction of a provincial *yamen* on the abandoned premises of the Prince of Jinan's former residence. According to Sondergrad (2014), "Pu inserts him (Zhou) obliquely into his story knowing that Zhou's reputation would not be tarnished by a fiction, while the mere mention of his name would help to keep his legacy alive."

Relics such as imperial documents mentioning Zhou and seventeenth-century biographies of him are housed at the Qing section of the National Palace Museum in Shilin, Taipei. The collection also includes official records recognising Zhou as a governor of virtue, most notably a "monumental biography" highlighting Governor Zhou's requesting tax reductions for the famine-stricken villagers of Shandong.

### Notes

### Citations

1. Zhou 2009, p. 151.
2. "(明–清)周有德 \[Ming to Qing – Zhou Youde\]" (in Chinese). Taiwan: Palace Museum. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
3. Wu 1991, p. 524.
4. "中国清代历史上的几位山东巡抚 \[A few of Shandong's historical governors\]" (in Chinese). Jinan Government. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
5. Souza 2004, p. 201.
6. "珍珠泉200年 \[200th anniversary of Pearl Springs\]". *QL Weekly* (in Chinese). 21 August 2010. Archived from the original on June 6, 2012.
7. Qi 1986, p. 94.
8. "China Provinces and Administrative Divisions". World Statesmen. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
9. Tagliacozzo 2015, p. 80.
10. Huang 2014, p. 204.
11. Liu, Fengyun. "清康熙朝的禁海、开海与禁止南洋贸易 \[Maritime and trade bans by the Kangxi administration\]" (in Chinese). History China.
12. Fu 1966, p. 43.
13. Yin Lee 2002, p. 50.
14. Dan 2006, p. 1683.
15. Ng 2015, p. 104.
16. Ng 2015, p. 102.
17. Ng 2015, p. 99.
18. Baker 1968, p. 194.
19. Cai, Qixian (2013). "对潮学研究的几点看法 \[A few points on *Chaoxue* research\]" (PDF) (in Chinese). Institute of Chaozhou Culture at Hanshan University.
20. Watson 2004, p. 433.
21. "First Intangible Cultural Heritage Inventory of Hong Kong" (PDF). Heritage Museum Hong Kong. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
22. Sondergrad 2014, p. 2057.
23. Sondergrad 2014, p. 14.
24. Zeitlin 2007, p. 113.
25. Wang 2005, p. 126.

### Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Zhou Youde
(Chou Yu-te) | |
| --- | --- |
| Temple mural of Zhou Youde, Guangdong | |
| Personal details | |
| Died | 1680 |
| Full name | Surname: Zhōu ()
Given name: Yǒudé ()
Courtesy name: Yíchú () |
|  | |


title: Winners and Losers (song)

abstract: "Winners and Losers" is a song by Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds that became a hit in 1976. It followed their previous hit, "Fallin' in Love".

text:
# Winners and Losers (song)

"**Winners and Losers**" is a song by Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds that became a hit in 1976. It followed their previous hit, "Fallin' in Love".

## Background

The songwriting credits are given to Dan Hamilton and Ann Hamilton who are also credited composer of "Fallin in Love". It was released on Playboy Records P 6054 in November 1975.

## Chart performance

In November 1975, the song debuted on the *Billboard* Hot 100 at No. 87. It peaked at No. 21 the weeks of January 24 and 31, 1976, and spent a total of 15 weeks on the chart. It reached No. 5 on the Billboard Easy Listening chart.

## InfoBox

| "Winners and Losers" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds | |
| from the album  *Fallin' in Love* | |
| B-side | "Barroom Blues" |
| Released | November 1975 |
| Genre | Soft rock |
| Length | 3:13 |
| Label | Playboy Records P 6054 |
| Composer(s) | Dan Hamilton, Ann Hamilton |
| Producer(s) | Dan Hamilton, Joe Frank Carollo, Alan Dennison |
| Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds singles chronology | |
| "Fallin' in Love"
(1975) "**Winners and Losers**"
(1975) "Everyday Without You"
(1976) | |


title: Varignano Roman Villa

abstract: Varignano Roman Villa is an ancient Roman residence located in Varignano, now a frazione of the town of Porto Venere in the province of La Spezia, Italy. Its site is marked by an archaeological museum.

text:
# Varignano Roman Villa

**Varignano Roman Villa** is an ancient Roman residence located in Varignano, now a frazione of the town of Porto Venere in the province of La Spezia, Italy. Its site is marked by an archaeological museum.

## History

Its first construction phase dates back to the 1st century BCE, primarily consisting of a house surrounded by a farm linked to olive oil production. The site is situated beside the Seno del Varignano Vecchio, overlooking the sea, near the santuario delle Grazie, and to the northeast, the Fortezza del Varignano.

Its main area, the *pars urbana,* and the productive area, the *pars fructuaria,* were separated by a courtyard used for 'torcularium,' where olives were pressed for their oil. The owner's residence was single-story, featuring atria paved with mosaics, living rooms, and bedrooms. The olive oil processing area contained two presses and a 'cella oleario' that were active until the 1st century AD. At that time, olive oil production ceased, and the vilicus underwent a major rebuild, including the construction of a set of heated rooms and private frigidaria. The cistern associated with these rooms is considered almost unique among similar buildings in northern Italy. This residence remained active until the 6th century.

1. "Fonte dal sito turistico della Provincia della Spezia". Archived from the original on 16 December 2011. Retrieved 15 November 2011.

44°03′54″N 9°50′25″E / 44.0649°N 9.8403°E / 44.0649; 9.8403


title: Meelick, County Galway

abstract: Meelick is a townland on the River Shannon in County Galway, Ireland. It lies approximately 4 km southeast of the village of Eyrecourt. According to local sources, it is home to the oldest church still in use in Ireland having been given papal permission and built in 1414 AD. Meelick is also home to Meelick-Eyrecourt hurling club, which was founded in 1884. Meelick has a small pub which is known locally as "George's/The Shop". The area hosts a kayaking festival each year after the boating season halts in winter.

text:
# Meelick, County Galway

53°10′46″N 8°05′36″W / 53.1794°N 8.0934°W / 53.1794; -8.0934

**Meelick** (Irish: *Míleac*) is a townland on the River Shannon in County Galway, Ireland. It lies approximately 4 km southeast of the village of Eyrecourt. According to local sources, it is home to the oldest church still in use in Ireland having been given papal permission and built in 1414 AD (as St. Francis Friary). Meelick is also home to Meelick-Eyrecourt hurling club, which was founded in 1884. Meelick has a small pub which is known locally as "George's/The Shop". The area hosts a kayaking festival each year after the boating season halts in winter.

## Built heritage

### Oldest Catholic church in use

According to local sources, Meelick has the oldest Irish Roman Catholic church, with continuous use since 1414 AD. Founded as a Franciscan abbey, the church and sacristy are still in use today. The ruins include traces of the transept chapel, friary and small mill. Papal permission for Meelick friary was granted by John XXII in 1414. The last friar of Meelick was Fr. Bonaventure Francis Reynolds. When he died in November 1852, there was no friar available to replace him. Since then the church has been maintained for weekly services. The Meelick Triduum still exists in early August when the Franciscans return to their abbey.

### Castle

An Anglo Norman de Burgo (Burke) Castle was erected close to the church, in the fields to the north of the church. The earthworks relating to this castle can still be seen. The location was chosen because Meelick was one of the few traditional crossing points where the river Shannon could be forded.

### Meelick Lock

Meelick Lock, also known as Victoria Lock, is one of the busiest locks on the Shannon Navigation. It is 43.4m long by 12m wide. The rise of water levels is 2.4m. It was built by the Shannon Commissioners in Limestone in the mid 19th century to address a shallows and change of level in the river. The supervising engineer was Thomas Rhodes. The stone used for the lock was excavated from the new canal bed. The canal serving the new lock was built in 1841 by contractor William MacKenzie. When the lock works were being undertaken the workmen went on strike, looking for more pay: they wanted 1s. 3d. per day. The lock was completed in 1843. Originally the gates were made of French oak and planked in northern pine. The lock replaces the earlier Hamilton Lock on the Clonahenoge Canal.

### Defences

The river crossing at this location is guarded by several defences. In addition to the de Burgo castle mentioned above, Meelick Martello Tower was constructed along with other Martello towers by the government about 1811. It was built, on Moran Island at Clonahenoge on the County Offaly side of the River Shannon, to protect Leinster from a Napoleonic invasion and to control the river crossing at Keelogue. It reinforced existing defences at Keelogue Battery on Innishirkeigh Island. Island. Unusually the tower is cam-shaped with three gun emplacements.

## Recreation

### Waterways

Meelick is a location for fishing, primarily salmon and wild brown trout. The river here is wide (over 1.5 km from bank to bank at its broadest point) and has a number of islands, weirs, pools and streams. There are islands separating an artificial cut on the County Offaly bank with the main River Shannon at Meelick on the County Galway bank. It has a very small spring salmon run from April into mid-May. Summer salmon arrive generally from mid-June. Runs are moderate and variable from year to year.

Meelick is on the route of the Hymany Way, part of the Beara-Breifne long distance walking and cycling trail between the Beara Peninsula in County Cork and Blacklion in County Cavan.

### Gaelic games

In 1887, Meelick were one of the first teams to compete for the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, the first national championship of the game of hurling ever held in Ireland. Representing County Galway in the final, Meelick were defeated by Thurles, representing County Tipperary. The game was held in Birr in County Offaly in front of a crowd of 5,000. Patrick Madden, captain of the Meelick side, is commemorated with a plaque on the gable end of his birthplace and lifetime home in the village.

Meelick-Eyrecourt is the name of the local Gaelic Athletic Association club today.


title: Utility submeter

abstract: Utility sub-metering is a system that allows a landlord, property management firm, condominium association, homeowners association, or other multi-tenant property to bill tenants for individual measured utility usage. The approach makes use of individual water meters, gas meters, or electricity meters. Sub-metering may also refer to the monitoring of the electrical consumption of individual equipment within a building, such as HVAC, indoor and outdoor lighting, refrigeration, kitchen equipment and more. In addition to the "main load" meter used by utilities to determine overall building consumption, submetering utilizes individual "submeters" that allow building and facility managers to have visibility into the energy use and performance of their equipment, creating opportunities for energy and capital expenditure savings.

text:
# Utility submeter

**Utility sub-metering** is a system that allows a landlord, property management firm, condominium association, homeowners association, or other multi-tenant property to bill tenants for individual measured utility usage. The approach makes use of individual water meters, gas meters, or electricity meters.

Sub-metering may also refer to the monitoring of the electrical consumption of individual equipment within a building, such as HVAC, indoor and outdoor lighting, refrigeration, kitchen equipment and more. In addition to the "main load" meter used by utilities to determine overall building consumption, submetering utilizes individual "submeters" that allow building and facility managers to have visibility into the energy use and performance of their equipment, creating opportunities for energy and capital expenditure savings.

## Overview

Typically a multi-tenant dwelling has either one master meter for the entire property or a meter for each building and the property is responsible for the entire utility bill. Submetering allows property owners who supply utilities to their tenants the ability to account for each tenant's usage in measurable terms. By fairly billing each tenant for their portion, submetering promotes conservation and offsets the expense of bills generated from a master meter, maintenance and improvements for well water systems, lagoon, or septic systems. Submetering is legally allowable in most states and municipalities, but owners should consult a Utility Management Vendor for assistance with local and state compliance and regulations.

Typical users of submetering are mobile home parks, apartments, condominiums, townhouses, student housing, and commercial areas. Usually, utility submetering is placed in situations where the local utility cannot or will not individually meter the utility in question. Municipal Utility companies are often reluctant to take on metering individual spaces for several reasons. One reason is that rental space tenants tend to be more transient and are more difficult to collect from. By billing only the owner, they can place liens on real property if not paid (as opposed to tenants they may not know exist or who have little to lose if they move without paying). Utilities also generally prefer not to have water meters beyond their easement (i.e., the property boundary), since leaks to a service line would be before the meter and could be of less concern to a property owner. Other reasons include difficulty in getting access to meters for reading, or electrical systems and plumbing not suitable for submetering.

Before submetering, many landlords either included the utility cost in the bulk price of the rent or lease, or divided the utility usage among the tenants in some way such as equally, by square footage via allocation methods often called RUBS (Ratio Utility Billing System) or some other means. Without a meter to measure individual usage, there is less incentive to identify building inefficiencies, since the other tenants or landlord may pay all or part of those costs. Submetering creates awareness of water and Energy conservation because landlords and tenants are equally aware of what they will pay for these inefficiencies if they are not attended to. Conservation also allows property owners to keep the cost of rent reasonable and fair for all units regardless of how much water or energy they consume.

On the other hand, submetering provides an opportunity for building owners to shift their rising electricity costs to tenants who lack ownership or control over thermal efficiency of the structure, its insulation, windows, and major energy consuming appliances. Landlords may attempt to deem their charges for electric service as "additional rent" making tenants subject to eviction for nonpayment of electric bills, which would not be possible if they were direct customers of the utility. The Ontario Energy Board in August 2009 nullified all landlord submetering and allowed future submetering only upon informed tenant consent, including provision of third party energy audits to tenants to enable them to judge the total cost of rent plus electricity.

Some submetering products connect with software that provides consumption data. This data provides users with the information to locate leaks and high-consumption areas. Users can apply this data to implement conservation or renovation projects to lower usage & costs, meet government mandates, or participate in green building programs such as LEED and green globes.

## System design

A submetering system typically includes a "master meter", which is owned by the utility supplying the water, electricity, or gas, with overall usage billed directly to the property owner. The property owner or manager then places their own private meters on individual tenant spaces to determine individual usage levels and bill each tenant for their share. In some cases, the landlord might add the usage cost to the regular rent or lease bill. In other cases, a third party might read, bill, and possibly even collect for the service. Some of these companies also install and maintain meters and reading systems.

Panel or circuit submeters are used to measure resource use of the same system for added security, economic, reliability, and behavioral benefits. These provide important insights into resource consumption of building systems and equipment working in the same series. Submeters can measure use of a single panel, or multiple points within a panel system using single-point, multi-point, and branch circuit submeters.

The latest trend in submetering is Automatic Meter Reading, or AMR. This technology is used to get from meter reading to billing by an automated electronic means. This can be by handheld computers that collect data using touch wands, walk or drive-by radio, fixed network systems where the meter has a transmitter or transceiver that sends the data to a central location, or transmission via Wi-Fi, cellular, or Internet connections.

Although not technically submetering, an alternate method of utility cost allocation called RUBS (Ratio Utility Billing Systems) is sometimes used to allocate costs to tenants when true submetering is not practical or not possible due to plumbing or wiring constraints. This method divides utility costs by square footage, number of occupants, or some other combination of cost ratios.

## Submetering in the world

Submeters take many forms. For example, central heating in apartment blocks in Belgium, Germany and Switzerland is sometimes submetered with liquid filled calibrated vials, known as heat cost allocators, attached to each of the heating radiators. The metering company visits the apartments about once a year and reads the liquid level and replaces the vials. Some apartment owners have replaced the vials with electronic submeters that transmit temperature readings via radio to a master unit in each apartment. The master unit in turn transmits collated readings to the utility company, thereby saving both labour costs and inconvenience to both tenant and landlord. The master unit displays a number representing the current total of "heating value".

## Submetering history and laws

The concept of submetering was effectively "invented" sometime in the 1920s, when many laws currently affecting submetering were written. Submetering was not widespread until the energy crisis in the mid-1970s, which prompted an increase in submetering for gas and electric usage. Water submetering began its increase nationally in the mid-1990s when water and wastewater prices started rising. However, submetering really did not take a hold in the property management world until the late 1980s, with the ever increasing costs associated with utilities and a society more aware of environmental conservation.

Utility submetering has its roots in Denmark. In 1902 two Danish brothers, Axel and Odin Clorius, established Clorius Controls. The company commenced work on developing and producing a range of self-acting temperature controllers. In 1924 Clorius received its first patent for a heat cost allocator. The device was meant to measure energy usage in apartments built with a common boiler heating system. The device was attached to each radiator in an apartment unit. By measuring energy usage at each radiator, a consumption-based utility bill could be prepared for each unit.

## Utilities submetered


title: Maximiliano Silerio Esparza

abstract: Maximiliano Silerio Esparza is a Mexican politician, a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) and a former Governor of Durango (1992–1998).

text:
# Maximiliano Silerio Esparza

**Maximiliano Silerio Esparza** (born 14 March 1939) is a Mexican politician, a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) and a former Governor of Durango (1992–1998).

## Biography

Maximiliano Silerio was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in the 1976 general election, representing Durango's 2nd district, and again in the 1982 general election, for Durango's 4th district.

He was later elected to the Senate for Durango for the period 1988 to 1994, but resigned the position in 1992 to accept the nomination as the PRI's gubernatorial candidate for the 19921998 term.

During his period as governor, he maintained a bordering conflict with the state of Zacatecas because of a land claim on the part of Tepehuanos natives.

In addition he has carried out numerous positions like Delegate of his party in various states of the republic.


title: Lithophane lanei

abstract: Lithophane lanei is a species of cutworm or dart moth in the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America. The MONA or Hodges number for Lithophane lanei is 9893.1.

text:
# Lithophane lanei

***Lithophane lanei*** is a species of cutworm or dart moth in the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America.

The MONA or Hodges number for *Lithophane lanei* is 9893.1.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Lithophane lanei* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Tribe: | Xylenini |
| Subtribe: | Xylenina |
| Genus: | *Lithophane* |
| Species: | ***L. lanei*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lithophane lanei***<br>Troubridge, 2006 | |
|


title: Valfroicourt

abstract: Valfroicourt is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France.

text:
# Valfroicourt

**Valfroicourt** (French pronunciation: \[valfʁwakuʁ\] ) is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France.

## InfoBox

| Valfroicourt | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The church in Valfroicourt | |
| Location of Valfroicourt | |
| ValfroicourtValfroicourt | |
| Coordinates: 48°11′55″N 6°05′44″E / 48.1986°N 6.0956°E / 48.1986; 6.0956 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Grand Est |
| Department | Vosges |
| Arrondissement | Neufchâteau |
| Canton | Vittel |
| Intercommunality | CC Terre d'eau |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Eliane Deloy |
| Area**1** | 13.8 km2 (5.3 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 230 |
| Density | 17/km2 (43/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 88488 /88270 |
| Elevation | 295–419 m (968–1,375 ft)
(avg. 310 m or 1,020 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics

abstract: The von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics (VKI) is a non-profit educational and scientific organization which specializes in three specific fields: aeronautics and aerospace, environment and applied fluid dynamics, turbomachinery and propulsion. Founded in 1956, it is located in Sint-Genesius-Rode, Belgium.

text:
# Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics

50°45′20.60″N 4°23′10.60″E / 50.7557222°N 4.3862778°E / 50.7557222; 4.3862778

The **von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics** (**VKI**) is a non-profit educational and scientific organization which specializes in three specific fields: aeronautics and aerospace, environment and applied fluid dynamics, turbomachinery and propulsion. Founded in 1956, it is located in Sint-Genesius-Rode, Belgium.

## About

The von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics is a non-profit international, educational and scientific organization which is working in three specific fields: aeronautics and aerospace, environment and applied fluid dynamics, turbomachinery and propulsion.

The VKI provides education in these specific areas for students from all over the world. A hundred students come to the Institute each year to study fluid dynamics, for a PhD programme, a research master in Fluid Dynamics, a final year project and also to gather further knowledge while doing a work placement in a specific area.

Each year, Lecture Series and events are being organized inside and outside of the organization. These events emphasize on topics of great importance such as aerodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer with application to aeronautics, space, turbomachinery, the environment and also industrial fluid dynamics. The Institute has built an international renown in these domains. Students who study these fields, researchers, industrials and engineers want to follow these Lecture Series. The information presented is accurate and reliable.

## History

In the course of 1955, Professor Theodore von Kármán proposed with his assistants the establishment of an institution devoted to training and research in aerodynamics which would be open to young engineers and scientists of the NATO nations. It was strongly felt that this form of international undertaking would fulfil the important objective of fostering fruitful exchanges and understanding between the participating nations in a well-defined technical field.

The von Karman Institute was established in October 1956 in the buildings which formed what then was the aeronautical laboratory of the Civil Aviation Authority of the Belgian Ministry of Communications.

The history of the laboratory goes back to 1922 when, on farmland purchased by the Belgian Government, the first building was erected to house the STAé (Service Technique de l'Aéronautique), i.e. the technical services of the Civil Aviation Authority then under the Ministry of Defence. The building was designed to accommodate a large low speed wind tunnel of the Eiffel type with an open return circuit and open-jet test section of 2 m diameter, as well as offices and shops. It still exists and has been refurbished internally after removal of the low speed tunnel to make room for modern turbomachinery and high speed facilities. A second building was added in 1935 to house offices and laboratories. It is now the Institute's administrative building. The last addition was made after the war, in 1949, with the construction of a large building specially designed to house a supersonic tunnel and a multi-configuration low speed facility.

The AGARD Study Group of 1955 stated, in terms of training and research: "The Institute should aim toward a training which, apart from its direct and obvious ties with aeronautical industries, would be of value in wider areas such as industrial or scientific research where the application of experimental techniques of aerodynamics would be profitable".

## Structure

There are three departments which are hosted at the von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, from the older to the younger:

* **Aeronautics and Aerospace**

A wide spectrum of facilities and computational tools covers the flow range from the low-speed regime of commercial aircraft to the supersonic and hypersonic regime of atmospheric space entry. The department focuses in particular on the modeling, simulation and experimental validation of atmospheric entry flows and thermal protection systems (TPS), including transition to turbulence and stability. The experimental studies are carried out in its top level Mach 14, Mach 6 and Induction Coupled Plasma windtunnels, for which dedicated measuring techniques have been developed e.g. involving spectroscopic laser techniques. On the computational simulation side the department has developed an extendable software platform Coolfluid for high performance computational flow simulation which incorporates the research on numerical algorithms, advanced physico-chemical and plasma models as well as fluid-structure interaction and conjugate heat transfer.

* **Turbomachinery & Propulsion**

The Turbomachinery and Propulsion department specializes in the aero-thermal aspects of turbomachinery components for aero-engines and industrial gas turbines, space propulsion units, steam turbines and process industry compressors and pumps. It has accumulated wide skills in high speed wind tunnel testing and related measurement techniques development and application. The department has acquired a world recognised expertise on steady/unsteady aerodynamic and aero/thermal aspects of high pressure, including cooling, and low pressure turbomachinery components through the design, development and use of a number of unique wind tunnels.

On the computational side, the department has over 20 years of experience in the analysis of flow in turbomachines, and in the design techniques and multi-disciplinary optimization methods or their components.

* **Environmental and applied Fluid Dynamics**

The Environmental and Applied Fluid Dynamics (EA) department covers all kinds of activities complementary to the other two departments related to fluid dynamics in the academic and industrial world. It has a large expertise in the study of aeroacoustics, multiphase flows, vehicle aerodynamics, biological flows and environmental flows (including the study of interaction between atmospheric winds and human activities). The department is also involved in the modeling of turbulence and in the development of advanced measurement techniques for fluid dynamics. The department has acquired a unique expertise in the study of fluid dynamics in industrial processes, with the development and construction of experimental facilities dedicated to the study of industrial processes and also in the simulation of industrial flows using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) codes.

## Lecture series

The VKI organises up to twelve different one-week Lecture Series with about 50 to 60 participants on specialized topics every year on various fields: industrial applications, turbomachinery, aerospace, aerodynamics, propulsion, aero engine, aeroacoustics, biological flows, large eddy simulation. Each year, the VKI also organises thematic conferences in collaboration with Belgian & foreign universities and research institutes.

These courses have gained worldwide recognition. Subjects are chosen carefully and the lecturers are well known for their professionalism and excellency in specific fields.

## InfoBox

The von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics
|
|  |
| Formation | 1956 |
| Headquarters | Sint-Genesius-Rode, Belgium |
| Official language | English, French and Dutch |
| Director | Peter Grognard |
| Website | www.vki.ac.be |


title: Zhou Yu's Train

abstract:
Zhou Yu's Train is a 2002 Chinese film, based on a novella by Bei Cun, directed by Sun Zhou, and starring Gong Li and Tony Leung Ka-Fai. The title refers to a poetic compilation published by the character in the movie played by Leung. The story starts at a book signing event and leads to the memories of the two lovers encounters. Zhou Yu maintained the relationship by commuting on the train, hence the title of the movie.
  - Tagline: Her love is torn between a doctor and a poet.

text:
# Zhou Yu's Train

***Zhou Yu's Train*** (simplified Chinese: 周渔的火车; traditional Chinese: 周漁的火車; pinyin: *zhōu yú de huǒchē*) is a 2002 Chinese film, based on a novella by Bei Cun, directed by Sun Zhou, and starring Gong Li and Tony Leung Ka-Fai.

The title refers to a poetic compilation published by the character in the movie played by Leung. The story starts at a book signing event and leads to the memories of the two lovers encounters. Zhou Yu maintained the relationship by commuting on the train, hence the title of the movie.

* Tagline: *Her love is torn between a doctor and a poet*.

## Synopsis

The story is set in Chongyang (Hubei province, China) and Sanming (Fujian province). Zhou Yu, a ceramics artist from Sanming falls in love with the poet Chen Qing, who lives in Chongyang, a town several hundred kilometers from Sanming. During the train trips between Sanming and Chongyang, she also meets Zhang Qiang, a veterinary surgeon.

Gong Li plays two characters who only differ by their hair styles, namely Zhou Yu and the short-haired Xiu. The film is pieced together with many flashbacks in no particular chronological order. The relationship between the two women is unclear until the end of the film.

## InfoBox

| Zhou Yu's Train | |
| --- | --- |
| U.S. theatrical poster | |
| Directed by | Sun Zhou |
| Written by | Sun Zhou
Zhang Mei
Bei Cun (novel) |
| Produced by | Huang Jianxin
William Kong
Sun Zhou |
| Starring | Gong Li
Tony Leung Ka-Fai
Sun Honglei |
| Cinematography | Wang Yu |
| Edited by | William Chang |
| Music by | Shigeru Umebayashi |
| Distributed by | Sony Pictures Classics |
| Release date | * August 1, 2002 (2002-08-01) (China) |
| Running time | 92 minutes |
| Country | China |
| Language | Mandarin |


title: Wisconsin Department of Revenue

abstract: The Wisconsin Department of Revenue (DOR) is an agency of the Wisconsin state government responsible for the administration of all tax laws, as well as valuing property and overseeing the wholesale distribution of alcoholic beverages and enforcement of liquor laws. The Department also administers the state's unclaimed property program and the state lottery. The department headquarters are located at the State Revenue Building in south central Madison, Wisconsin. The current Secretary of the Wisconsin Department of Revenue is David Casey. He was appointed by Governor Tony Evers in April 2024.

text:
# Wisconsin Department of Revenue

The **Wisconsin Department of Revenue** (**DOR**) is an agency of the Wisconsin state government responsible for the administration of all tax laws, as well as valuing property and overseeing the wholesale distribution of alcoholic beverages and enforcement of liquor laws. The Department also administers the state's unclaimed property program and the state lottery.

The department headquarters are located at the State Revenue Building in south central Madison, Wisconsin. The current Secretary of the Wisconsin Department of Revenue is David Casey. He was appointed by Governor Tony Evers in April 2024.

## History

In the late 19th century, as the economy was shifting, Wisconsin's farmers began to raise concerns that the property-based tax system placed a disproportionate burden on them while many newer industries and corporations were able to escape taxation by hiding their property in other financial instruments. Milwaukee attorney Kossuth Kent Kennan, then a tax attorney working for the Wisconsin Central Railroad, was the first to draft and propose a state tax commission to investigate and propose reforms to the taxation system. Kennan convinced a legislator to introduce his proposal in the 1889 session of the Legislature, but it was not enacted. Kennan continued his efforts for several more years, and, in 1897, when the last hurdle to passage was the Legislature's reluctance to appropriate $6,000 for the project, Kennan pledged to raise the money himself to fund his commission. The bill passed as 1897 Wisconsin Act 340.

The first Wisconsin Tax Commission was a short-term study of existing tax policy. Kennan, along with former congressman Burr W. Jones and attorney George Curtis, Jr., were charged with producing a report by the end of 1898. The report laid out the inequities of the current system, substantiating the concerns of the farmers that other non-tangible forms of property were being taxed at a substantial discount, and that the entire system suffered from inconsistent valuation and irregular assessment. They suggested that, in addition to reforms to tax law, the state required a new system of tax administration by trained, objective, non-elected state officials.

The Legislature responded to their report and the Tax Commission was reauthorized for another ten years, with a mandate to investigate and supervise the state taxation system (1899 Wisconsin Act 206). Under the new Progressive Republican Governor Robert M. La Follette, who came into office two years later, the commission's mandate was considerably expanded to give them power over tax equalization in the state, and additional powers to enjoin local tax officials. Finally, in 1905, the Tax Commission was made a permanent entity of state government, with three commissioners each appointed to eight-year terms.

In 1939, a major reorganization under Governor Julius P. Heil converted the previous three-member Tax Commission into a Department of Taxation headed by a single commissioner, while creating the separate entity known as the Wisconsin Tax Appeals Commission, now attached to the Wisconsin Department of Administration.

The Department of Revenue was created in 1967 from the previous Department of Taxation as part of the state government reorganization plan proposed by the "Kellett Commission," named for chairman William R. Kellett.

## Organization

### Leadership

The senior leadership of the Department consists of the Secretary, Deputy Secretary, and Assistant Deputy Secretary, along with the administrators heading up the divisions of the Department.

* Secretary: David Casey
* Deputy Secretary: Maria Guerra Lapacek
* Assistant Deputy Secretary: Janet Piraino
* State & Local Finance: Valeah Foy
* Income, Sales & Excise Tax: Susan Dukes
* Research & Policy: Cari Redington
* Enterprise Services: Julie Raes
* Lottery: Cindy Polzin
* Technology Services: Richard Offenbecher

### Divisions

#### Office of the Secretary

Subdivisions include:

* Office of General Counsel
* Legislative Advisor
* Communications Advisor

#### State & Local Finance

The Division of State and Local Finance (SLF) is responsible for establishing the state's equalized values for property tax purposes. They assess commercial, manufacturing, telecommunication, airport, railroad, and other special property, and provide financial management, training, and certification for municipal and county governments on administration of the state property tax policies. In addition, they administer state shared revenue and property tax relief payments to local governments.

Subdivisions include:

* Equalization Bureau
* Local Government Services Bureau
* Manufacturing & Utility Bureau
* Office of Technical & Assessment Services

#### Income, Sales & Excise Tax

The Division of Income, Sales and Excise Tax (IS&E) administers individual income, employee withholding, corporate franchise/income, state and county sales/use, estate, excise, recycling, and other state tax programs. It also administers various state tax credits, including the homestead, farmland preservation, earned income tax credits. The Division works to promote voluntary tax compliance and to identify and address noncompliance, and to promote fairness and equity in the administration of state tax law.

Subdivisions include:

* Administration
    + Office of Technical Services
    + Office of Criminal Investigation
* Audit Bureau
* Compliance Bureau
* Customer Service Bureau
* Tax Operations Bureau

#### Research & Policy

The Research and Policy Division (R&P) provides analyses and reports of state fiscal and economic policies for the Secretary of Revenue, the Executive Office, and other state officials. They provide assessments of current and proposed tax and revenue laws, and prepare revenue estimates for the development of the state budget.

Subdivisions include:

* Income Tax Policy Team
* Economic Team
* Sales and Property Tax Policy Team

#### Enterprise Services

The Division of Enterprise Services provides the Department with a wide range of support services, including administrative support, budget and financial management, business planning and performance measurement, printing, records management, personnel, affirmative action, employee development, employment relations, and management improvement studies.

Subdivisions include:

* Budget and Business Services Bureau
* Financial Management Services Bureau
* Human Resource Services Bureau

#### Lottery

The Division of Wisconsin Lottery is charged with the security and administration of the state lottery and related regulations.

Subdivisions include:

* Security & Operations Bureau
* Product Development & Marketing Bureau
* Retailer Relations & Sales Bureau
* Lottery Offices and Prize Redemption Centers

#### Technology Services

The Division of Technology Services provides technology services for the Department, including data collection and management, applications development and support, server and network support, workstation setup and support, and technology planning. The division also manages information and technology standards, policies, and guidelines for the department to ensure information security and good stewardship of electronic resources.

Subdivisions include:

* Customer Service Bureau
* Application Services Bureau

### Statutory Commissions

Separate from the ordinary organizational structure of the Department, there are a number of specific commissions created by acts of the Wisconsin Legislature to oversee, advise, or administer certain functions.

* State Board of Assessors
* Farmland Advisory Council
* Investment and Local Impact Fund Board

## Secretaries and Commissioners

### Commissioners (18971939)

| Commissioner | Took office | Left office | Appointing Governor | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Burr W. Jones | 1897 | 1898 | Edward Scofield |  |
| K. K. Kennan | 1897 | 1898 | Edward Scofield |  |
| George Curtis, Jr. | 1897 | 1898 | Edward Scofield |  |
| Michael Griffin | 1899 | 1899 | Edward Scofield | Chairman (1899)
*Died in office* |
| George Curtis, Jr. | 1899 | 1911 | Edward Scofield |  |
| Norman S. Gilson | 1899 | 1911 | Edward Scofield | Chairman (1900-1911) |
| William J. Anderson | 1900 | 1901 | Edward Scofield |  |
| Nils P. Haugen | 1901 | 1921 | Robert M. La Follette | Chairman (1911-1921) |
| Thomas E. Lyons | 1911 | 1925 | Francis E. McGovern | Chairman (1921-1925) |
| Thomas S. Adams | 1911 | 1915 | Francis E. McGovern |  |
| Carroll D. Atwood | 1915 | 1926 | Emanuel L. Philipp | Chairman (1925-1926)
*Died in office* |
| Charles D. Rosa | 1921 | 1935 | John J. Blaine (1921)
Fred R. Zimmerman (1927) | Chairman (1926-1930) |
| William J. Conway | 1925 | 1939 | John J. Blaine (1925) | Chairman (1932-1939) |
| | | | Albert G. Schmedeman (1933) | |
| A. W. Kimball | 1927 | 1929 | Fred R. Zimmerman |  |
| Edward L. Kelley | 1929 | 1932 | Walter J. Kohler, Sr. | Chairman (1930-1932) |
| Alvin M. Johnson | 1933 | 1937 | Albert G. Schmedeman |  |
| Herbert L. Mount | 1937 | 1939 | Philip La Follette |  |
| Henry A. Gunderson | 1937 | 1939 | Philip La Follette |  |

### Commissioners (19391967)

| Commissioner | Took office | Left office | Governor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Elmer E. Barlow | 1939 | 1943 | Julius P. Heil |
| Arthur E. Wegner | 1943 | 1951 | Walter Samuel Goodland |
| | | | Oscar Rennebohm |
| Harry W. Harder | 1951 | 1953 | Walter J. Kohler, Jr. |
| Arthur E. Wegner | 1953 | 1955 | |
| Harry W. Harder | 1955 | 1959 | |
| | | | Vernon Wallace Thomson |
| John A. Gronouski | 1960 | 1963 | Gaylord Nelson |
| George W. Corning | 1963 | 1965 | John W. Reynolds Jr. |
| James R. Morgan | 1965 | 1967 | Warren P. Knowles |

### Secretaries (1967present)

| Secretary | Took office | Left office | Governor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| James R. Morgan | 1967 | 1971 | Warren P. Knowles |
| Edward A. Wiegner | 1971 | 1974 | Patrick Lucey |
| David W. Adamany | 1974 | 1977 | |
| Dennis J. Conta | 1977 | 1979 | Martin J. Schreiber |
| Mark E. Musolf | 1979 | 1983 | Lee S. Dreyfus |
| Michael Ley | 1983 | 1987 | Tony Earl |
| Karen A. Case | 1987 | 1988 | Tommy Thompson |
| Mark D. Bugher | 1988 | 1996 | |
| Cathy S. Zeuske | 1996 | 2001 | |
| Richard G. Chandler | 2001 | 2003 | Scott McCallum |
| Michael L. Morgan | 2003 | 2007 | Jim Doyle |
| Roger M. Ervin | 2007 | 2011 | |
| Richard G. Chandler | 2011 | 2019 | Scott Walker |
| Peter Barca | 2019 | 2024 | Tony Evers |
| David Casey | 2024 | *Current* | |

## InfoBox

Wisconsin Department of Revenue
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|
State Revenue Building | |
| Agency overview | |
| Formed | August 1, 1967 (1967-08-01) |
| Preceding agencies | * Wisconsin Department of Taxation (19391967) * Wisconsin Tax Commission (18971939) |
| Headquarters | State Revenue Building
2135 Rimrock Rd.
Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.
43°2′34.836″N 89°22′32.412″W / 43.04301000°N 89.37567000°W / 43.04301000; -89.37567000 |
| Employees | 1,178 (2023) |
| Annual budget | 476,631,000 (2023) |
| Agency executives | * David Casey, Secretary * Maria Guerra Lapacek, Deputy Secretary * Janet Piraino, Assistant Deputy Secretary |
| Website | Agency website |


title: Varighedu

abstract: Varighedu is a village in West Godavari district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.

text:
# Varighedu

**Varighedu** is a village in West Godavari district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.

## Demographics

As of 2011 India census, Varighedu has a population of 4133 of which 2063 are males while 2070 are females. The average sex ratio of Varighedu village is 1003. The child population is 385, which makes up 9.32% of the total population of the village, with sex ratio 1139. In 2011, the literacy rate of Varighedu village was 84.56% when compared to 71.00% of Andhra Pradesh.

## InfoBox

| Varighedu | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| Dynamic map | |
| VarigheduLocation of Attili mandal in Andhra Pradesh, IndiaVarigheduVarighedu (India) | |
| Coordinates: 16°44′17″N 81°37′15″E / 16.737951°N 81.620946°E / 16.737951; 81.620946 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Andhra Pradesh |
| District | West Godavari |
| Mandal | Attili |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 4,133 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Telugu |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 534 225 |
| Telephone code | 08812 |


title: Megumi Ishii

abstract: Yoko Ishii, better known as Megumi Ishii is a Japanese actress and politician who is represented by the talent agency, Wonder Production. In 2015, she was elected to the Kunitachi Municipal Assembly.

text:
# Megumi Ishii

**Yoko Ishii** (石井 葉子, *Ishii Yōko*, born October 18, 1958, in Chōfu, Tokyo, Japan), better known as **Megumi Ishii** (石井 めぐみ, *Ishii Megumi*) is a Japanese actress and politician who is represented by the talent agency, Wonder Production. In 2015, she was elected to the Kunitachi Municipal Assembly.

## Filmography

### TV series

| Year | Title | Role | Network | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1979 | *Uwasa no Keiji Tomī to Matsu* | Mariko Morimura | TBS |  |
| 1980 | *Tetsudō Kōan-kan* |  | TV Asahi | Episode 39 |
| | *Tarō no Seishun* | Soshi Gogatsu | NHK |  |
| 1981 | *Honjitsu mo Seiten Nari* | Chizuko Ikeuchi | NHK |  |
| | *Onna Taikō-ki* | Toshiie Maeda's daughter | NHK |  |
| | *Himitsu no Deka-chan* |  | TBS |  |
| 1982 | *Danna-sama wa 18-sai* |  | TBS |  |
| 1983 | *Tokugawa Ieyasu* | Ofu | NHK |  |
| | *Ōoku* | Oai | KTV |  |
| | *Mune Kyun Tantei-dan* | Makiko Makimoto | TBS |  |
| 1984 | *The Sound of the Mountain* |  | TBS |  |
| | *Hitozuma Sōsa-kan* |  | ABC |  |
| | *The Hangman* |  | ABC | Episode 23 |
| | *Aoi Hitomi no Hijiri Life* |  | Fuji TV |  |
| 1985 | *Takeshi-kun, Hai!* | Yamaguchi-sensei | NHK |  |
| | *Chichi Shimai* | Erika | TBS |  |
| | *Ponytail wa Furimukanai* |  | TBS |  |
| 1986 | *Onna Tomodachi* | Kazumi Yoshikawa | TBS |  |
| 1987 | *Kokoro wa Lonley Kimochi wa "…"* |  | Fuji TV |  |
| 1988 | *Fujio Fujiko no Yume Camera* | Minayo's mother | Fuji TV |  |
| | *Notohantō Konyaku Ryokō Satsujin Jiken Kyoto - Kanazawa - Wakura Onsen, Misshitsu Ressha ga Hashiru…* |  | TV Asahi |  |
| | *Hana no Asuka-gumi!* | Kyoko Kuraku | Fuji TV |  |
| 1989 | *Kyōshi Binbin Monogatari* |  | Fuji TV |  |
| | *Kasei-fu wa Mita!* |  | TV Asahi |  |
| | *Muta Keiji-kan Jiken File* |  | TV Asahi |  |
| 1990 | *Chikyu Sentai Fiveman* | Midori Hoshikawa | TV Asahi |  |
| | *Shiroi Kyotō* | Michiyo Satomi | Fuji TV |  |
| 1991 | *Ai to Samu no Machi* |  | TBS |  |
| 1995 | *Juukou B-Fighter* | Sayuri Kusanagi | TV Asahi | Episode 38 |
| 1996 | *Jiken Shimin no Hanketsu* |  | TV Tokyo | Episode 7 |
| 1997 | *Ultraman Dyna* | Satoru Kishi's mother | MBS | Episode 20 |
| | *Hamidashi Keiji Jōnetsu-kei* | Keiko Yamauchi | TV Asahi | Episode 3 |
| 2008 | *Shin Kyōto Meikyū Annai* | Satomi Fukamachi | TV Asahi | Episode 7 |
| | *Minatochō Ninjō Nurse* | Kimiko Yamauchi | TV Tokyo |  |
| 2009 | *Ijiwaru Bāsan* | Junko Ichiwari | Fuji TV |  |
| | *Koiuta Drama SP* |  | TBS | Episode 1 |
| 2010 | *Second Virgin* | Yoko Mukai | NHK | Episode 2 |
| 2011 | *100 no Shikaku o Motsu Onna: Futari no Batsuichi Satsujin Sōsa* | Sanae Ohara | ABC |  |
| 2013 | *Kyotaro Nishimura Travel Mystery* | Kayo Morishita | TV Asahi |  |
| | *Totsukawa Keibu Series* | Yoko Wakita | TBS |  |

### Films

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1979 | *Kindaichi Kosuke no Bōken* | Daughter of costume drama shooting scene |  |
|  | *Yasha Ke-chi* |  |  |
| 1995 | *Neyuki to Keru Koro* |  |  |
| 1996 | *Donguri no Ie* |  |  |
| 2003 | *Winning Path* |  |  |
| 2006 | *Fude-ko sono Ai: Tenshi no Piano* |  |  |
| 2008 | *Furusato o Kudasai* |  |  |
| 2009 | *Yuzuriha* |  |  |
| | *Drive Me to the Sea* | Mizue Asano |  |
| 2010 | *Coach* |  |  |

## InfoBox

| Megumi Ishii | |
| --- | --- |
| 石井 めぐみ | |
| Born | Yoko Ishii
(1958-10-18) October 18, 1958
Chōfu, Tokyo, Japan |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Occupation(s) | Actress, politician |
| Years active | 1979 - |
| Agent | Wonder Production |
| Website | Official website |


title: Mario Héber Usher

abstract: Mario Héber Usher was a Uruguayan political figure.

text:
# Mario Héber Usher

**Mario Héber Usher** (1921 – 19 May 1980) was a Uruguayan political figure.

## Background

Mario Héber was a prominent member of the Uruguayan National (Blanco) Party. His parents were Blanca Usher Conde and Alberto Héber Uriarte (grand-nephew of Juan D. Jackson). He was from a well-known political family; his brother Alberto Héber was President of Uruguay from 1966 to 1967; his son Luis Alberto Héber is a National Party Senator and former Deputy.

## Elected offices

In 1958 he was elected a Deputy. Usher was President of the Chamber of Deputies of Uruguay from March 1, 1966 to March 1, 1967. In 1971 he was elected a Senator.

## Family incident

In 1978 his wife, Cecilia Fontana, was assassinated by poison intended for himself, sent by an unknown person or group. Other politically prominent families were also - unsuccessfully - targeted. This tragic incident has been widely blamed on political violence associated with the period of civilian-military rule in Uruguay, which began in 1973, after which Mario Héber and many other politicians were proscribed from political activities, but which he continued to pursue clandestinely.

### Diplomatic repercussions

In 2008 US Ambassador to Uruguay Frank E. Baxter was involved in a series of controversial high level exchanges in respect of these yet unresolved issues.

## Death

He died in 1980.


title: Mayfair Carriage Co

abstract: Mayfair Carriage Co Limited owned a London coachbuilder and dealer in second hand large cars in Kilburn then, from 1934, at The Hyde, Edgware Road NW9. Mayfair entered business in 1925 using the name Progressive Coach and Motor Co Limited changing to Mayfair Carriage in 1929. Its origins were in a firm called Motor Car Industries which split in the early 1920s. One partner began this business and the other began a different business that became Carlton Carriage Co. Early Mayfair bodies were built on imported Buick and Minerva chassis then, after the onset of the Great Depression, locally made Humber and Wolseley chassis. Alvis became very important to Mayfair's business and Mayfair designed and built many elegant Alvis saloons, limousines, sports saloons and drophead coupés. By the outbreak of war in 1939 Mayfair had dropped building bodies for cars but continued building commercial bodies into the 1950s. The business closed in the 1970s.

text:
# Mayfair Carriage Co

**Mayfair Carriage Co Limited** owned a London coachbuilder and dealer in second hand large cars in Kilburn then, from 1934, at The Hyde, Edgware Road NW9.

Mayfair entered business in 1925 using the name Progressive Coach and Motor Co Limited changing to Mayfair Carriage in 1929. Its origins were in a firm called Motor Car Industries which split in the early 1920s. One partner began this business and the other began a different business that became Carlton Carriage Co.

Early Mayfair bodies were built on imported Buick and Minerva chassis then, after the onset of the Great Depression, locally made Humber and Wolseley chassis.

Alvis became very important to Mayfair's business and Mayfair designed and built many elegant Alvis saloons, limousines, sports saloons and drophead coupés. By the outbreak of war in 1939 Mayfair had dropped building bodies for cars but continued building commercial bodies into the 1950s. The business closed in the 1970s.


title: Lithophane nasar

abstract: Lithophane nasar is a species of cutworm or dart moth in the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America. The MONA or Hodges number for Lithophane nasar is 9926.

text:
# Lithophane nasar

***Lithophane nasar*** is a species of cutworm or dart moth in the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America.

The MONA or Hodges number for *Lithophane nasar* is 9926.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Lithophane nasar* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Tribe: | Xylenini |
| Subtribe: | Xylenina |
| Genus: | *Lithophane* |
| Species: | ***L. nasar*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lithophane nasar***<br>(Smith, 1909) | |
|


title: GW-803430

abstract: GW-803430 (GW-3430) is a drug used in scientific research and is a selective non-peptide antagonist at the melanin concentrating hormone receptor MCH1. In animal studies it has anxiolytic, antidepressant and anorectic effects.

text:
# GW-803430

**GW-803430** (**GW-3430**) is a drug used in scientific research and is a selective non-peptide antagonist at the melanin concentrating hormone receptor MCH1. In animal studies it has anxiolytic, antidepressant and anorectic effects.

## InfoBox

GW-803430
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Clinical data | |
| ATC code | * none |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name * 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-\[3-methoxy-4-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl\]-3*H*-thieno\[3,2-d\]pyrimidin-4-one | |
| CAS Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.230.542 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C25H24ClN3O3S |
| Molar mass | 482.00 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| SMILES * C5CCCN5CCOc3ccc(cc3OC)-n1cnc2cc(sc2c1=O)-c(cc4)ccc4Cl | |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C25H24ClN3O3S/c1-31-22-14-19(8-9-21(22)32-13-12-28-10-2-3-11-28)29-16-27-20-15-23(33-24(20)25(29)30)17-4-6-18(26)7-5-17/h4-9,14-16H,2-3,10-13H2,1H3 * Key:MWULMTACIBZPGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
| (verify) | |


title: Valfréjus avalanche

text:
# Valfréjus avalanche

On 18 January 2016, six French Foreign Legionnaires were killed in an avalanche in the Massif des Cerces, France.

## Background

The combination of heavy winter snowfall and strong winds in the Alps led to unstable snow formations in the high peaks. The avalanche warning was raised to 3 out of 5 (Considerable) beforehand.

An avalanche bulletin for the mountain sector warned that a single skier could trigger a surface slide that could then take several layers in the snow pack down to 2 meters deep.

## Avalanche

On 18 January, a division of 51 Legionnaires, assigned to the 2nd Foreign Engineer Regiment (2nd REG) took part in an off-piste ski mountain exercise, to receive their Skier Certificate (BSM).

Deaths by citizenship
| Citizenship | Deaths |
| --- | --- |
| France | 1\* |
| Madagascar | 1\* |
| Italy | 1 |
| Nepal | 1 |
| Moldova | 1 |
| Albania | 1 |
| Hungary | 1 |
|
| **Total** | **6** |
|

The (2nd REG) provides combat engineering services to the French Army's 27th Mountain Infantry Brigade, who were also present during the military exercise. The course took place 60 kilometres (35 miles) south of Albertville and near the Valfréjus ski resort, in the Massif des Cerces.

The company was at a height of 2,600m (8,500 ft) when the avalanche struck at 13:50, while 5-6 of the skiers neared Col de Le Petit Argentier. A large slab of ice, about 100 meters wide, broke off a ridge causing a mass avalanche. Several branches of snow about 400 meters wide, engulfed 13 of the skiers in a steep sector of the valley. In all, 18 of the skiers downstream were either buried or shaken. The rest of the company remained at the foot of the slope, near the Pas du Roc peak.

Rescue teams arrived within minutes. The 13 skiers were recovered and found buried under a meter of snow by rescuers with the help of search dogs and avalanche victim detection kits (DVA)'s they were equipped with.

## Aftermath

French military and state prosecutors are investigating the case and assessing whether the unit took unnecessary risks. According to French media, the unit was due to be sent on a military operation. Around one-third of the company was projected to be deployed to the Sahel in the coming months in coordination with Operation Barkhane.

French president François Hollande expressed "the nation’s solidarity" over the deaths and wished the injured a speedy recovery. He asked Defence Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian to head to the scene of the accident.

## Fatalities

The nationalities of the 6 Legionnaires killed, a mix of veterans and new recruits, was released the following day. A Malagasy (dual French citizenship), Italian, Nepalese, Moldovan, Albanian, and Hungarian, aged between 21 and 33 were killed.

## InfoBox

2016 Valfréjus avalanche
| Valfréjus avalancheLocation within France | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | January 18, 2016 (2016-01-18) |
| Time | 13:50 (12:50GMT) |
| Location | Massif des Cerces, Alps |
| Cause | Unstable snow formations |
| Participants | 51 |
| Casualties | |
| 6 dead, 5 injured | |


title: Zieria murphyi

abstract: Zieria murphyi, commonly known as Murphy's zieria, is a plant in the citrus family Rutaceae and endemic to New South Wales. It is a slender shrub with simple, or three-part leaves and between three and nine white to pale pink flowers with four petals and four stamens arranged in the leaf axils. It usually grows in sheltered places in open forest, often at the base of cliffs.

text:
# Zieria murphyi

***Zieria murphyi***, commonly known as **Murphy's zieria**, is a plant in the citrus family Rutaceae and endemic to New South Wales. It is a slender shrub with simple, or three-part leaves and between three and nine white to pale pink flowers with four petals and four stamens arranged in the leaf axils. It usually grows in sheltered places in open forest, often at the base of cliffs.

## Description

*Zieria murphyi* is a slender shrub which grows to a height of 1–2 m (3–7 ft) and has smooth branches which are velvety when young. The leaves are sometimes a single leaflet and otherwise composed of three linear to lance-shaped leaflets. The leaves have a petiole 3–10 mm (0.1–0.4 in) long and the central leaflet is 30–49 mm (1–2 in) long and 3–10 mm (0.1–0.4 in) wide. The upper surface of the leaflets is dark green and covered with soft hairs whilst the lower surface in a lighter green and covered with velvety, star-like hairs. The flowers are white to pale pink and are arranged in groups of between three and nine in leaf axils, the groups shorter than the leaves. The sepals are triangular, about 2 mm (0.08 in) long and wide and the four petals are 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) long and covered with soft hairs. Flowering occurs mainly in August and September and is followed in summer by fruit which are smooth capsules, covered with soft hairs.

## Taxonomy and naming

*Zieria murphyi* was first formally described in 1940 by William Blakely and the description was published in *The Australian Naturalist*. The type specimen was collected by "Edward Murphy of Wingello" near Penrose. The specific epithet (*murphyi*) honours the collector of the type specimen.

## Distribution and habitat

This zieria grows in open forest in sheltered sites, often below sandstone cliffs. It occurs near Mount Tomah, Penrose and Bundanoon.

## Conservation

This zieria is classified as "vulnerable" under the New South Wales *Threatened Species Conservation Act* and the Commonwealth Government *Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999* (EPBC) Act. The largest populations in the Blue Mountains National Park and Morton National Park contain fewer than 1,000 individuals but the other populations are much smaller. *Zieria murphyi* only regenerates from seed and is therefore threatened by too frequent fires.

## InfoBox

| Murphy's zieria | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (EPBC Act) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Rutaceae |
| Genus: | *Zieria* |
| Species: | ***Z. murphyi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Zieria murphyi***
Blakely | |
|