title: Head of Mari El

abstract: The Head of the Republic of Mari El is the highest executive position in the Mari El Republic, a federal subject of the Russian Federation. The first President of Mari El Republic was Vladislav Zotin when the position was created on 24 December 1991, two days before dissolution of the Soviet Union, replacing the First Secretary of the Mari Communist Party, the equivalent position of the Mari ASSR before it was succeeded by the Mari El Republic. The status and powers of the President were determined by Chapter 4 of the Constitution of the Mari El Republic. In December 2010, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed a law that forbade calling the heads of federal subjects as "president", and must bring their constitutions or statutes in conformity with the law before 1 January 2015. The position of President of Mari El Republic was renamed to Head in June 2011. Since 10 May 2022 the Head of the Mari El Republic is Yury Zaitsev.

text:
# Head of Mari El

The **Head of the Republic of Mari El** (formerly **President of Mari El Republic**) is the highest executive position in the Mari El Republic, a federal subject of the Russian Federation.

The first President of Mari El Republic was Vladislav Zotin when the position was created on 24 December 1991, two days before dissolution of the Soviet Union, replacing the First Secretary of the Mari Communist Party, the equivalent position of the Mari ASSR before it was succeeded by the Mari El Republic. The status and powers of the President were determined by Chapter 4 of the Constitution of the Mari El Republic. In December 2010, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed a law that forbade calling the heads of federal subjects as "president", and must bring their constitutions or statutes in conformity with the law before 1 January 2015. The position of President of Mari El Republic was renamed to Head (*Vuylatyshyzhe* in Mari) in June 2011.

Since 10 May 2022 the Head of the Mari El Republic is Yury Zaitsev.

## List of Heads of the Mari El Republic

| No. | Portrait | Name
(born–died) | Term of office | | | Political party | | Elected | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Took office | Left office | Time in office | || |
| 1 |  | **Vladislav Zotin**
(born 1942) | 24 December 1991 | 5 January 1997 | 5 years, 12 days |  | Communist Party |  |  |
| 2 |  | **Vyacheslav Kislitsyn**
(born 1948) | 5 January 1997 | 14 January 2001 | 4 years, 9 days |  | Communist Party |  |  |
| 3 |  | **Leonid Markelov**
(born 1963) | 14 January 2001 | 6 April 2017 | 16 years, 82 days |  | Liberal Democratic Party |  |  |
| | | | | | |  | United Russia | | |
|  |  | **Alexander Yevstifeyev**
(1958–2024) | 6 April 2017 | 21 September 2017 | 168 days |  | United Russia |  |  |
| 4 | | | 21 September 2017 | 10 May 2022 | 4 years, 231 days | | | 2017 | |
|  |  | **Yury Zaitsev**
(born 1970) | 10 May 2022 | 23 September 2022 | 136 days |  | United Russia |  |  |
| 5 | | | 23 September 2022 | *Incumbent* | 2 years, 16 days | | |  | |

## Elections

The latest election for the office was held on 10 September 2017.

| Candidates | | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Alexander Yevstifeyev** | United Russia | **208,855** | **88.27** |
|  | Albert Fyodorov | Liberal Democratic Party | 11,982 | 5.06 |
|  | Natalia Glushenko | A Just Russia | 8,232 | 3.48 |
|  | Valentina Zlobina | Party of Pensioners | 4,159 | 1.76 |
| Source: Сводная таблица результатов выборов | | | | |

## Note

1. Gorshkova, Elena (10 May 2022). "Acting governor appointed in protest region of Russia". *URA* (in Russian). Retrieved 10 May 2022.

## InfoBox

| Head of the Mari El Republic | |
| --- | --- |
| * Марий Эл Республикын Вуйлатышыже (Meadow Mari) * Глава Республики Марий Эл (Russian) | |
| Standard of the head of the republic | |
| Incumbent
Yury Zaitsev
since 10 May 2022 | |
| Executive branch of the Mari El Republic | |
| Style |  |
| Type |  |
| Appointer | Direct elections |
| Term length | 5 years; |
| Formation | 24 December 1991 |
| First holder | Vladislav Zotin |
| Website | Official website |


title: Head of Saint John the Baptist (Rodin)

abstract: Head of Saint John the Baptist is a marble sculpture by French artist Auguste Rodin, sculpted in 1887 as part of a series of sculptures based on his Saint John the Baptist, exhibited for the first time in 1880 with great acceptance and recognition from critics.

text:
# Head of Saint John the Baptist (Rodin)

***Head of Saint John the Baptist*** is a marble sculpture by French artist Auguste Rodin, sculpted in 1887 as part of a series of sculptures based on his *Saint John the Baptist*, exhibited for the first time in 1880 with great acceptance and recognition from critics.

## Design

In this sculpture, Rodin decides not to present the fragment as a bust, the most obvious choice, but to set the head on its side on a baptismal font in order to establish a greater reference to the biblical account of John the Baptist and to separate it from the rest of the fragment that would later be nicknamed *The Walking Man*, which had been stripped of all religious tendencies.

After Rodin decides to separate the sculpture based on the strong criticism it received, he realizes that he can imbue gestures in several discrete instants beginning with the separation of the head from the rest of the body; some authors have cited this as one of several examples of Rodin's achievement of stopping time as a counter-statement to the usage of photography in gestures.

## InfoBox

| Head of Saint John the Baptist | |
| --- | --- |
| The Severed Head | |
| Artist | Auguste Rodin |
| Year | 1887 (1887) |
| Type | Sculpture |
| Medium | Marble |
| Subject | John the Baptist |
| Dimensions | 23.9 cm × 39 cm × 31.1 cm (9.4 in × 15.3 in × 12.2 in) |
| Location | Museo Soumaya, Mexico City |


title: Rodney Bobiwash

abstract: Alan Rodney Bobiwash (1959–2002) was an Anishinaabe First-Nations activist and scholar for Indigenous histories, racial equality, and social justice. He taught at the University of Manitoba, Trent University, and the University of Toronto. At the University of Toronto, he also directed First Nations House and Aboriginal Student Services (1994–97), paving the way for expanded First Nations student support in education. Bobiwash was deeply involved in the anti-racist movement. He was instrumental in launching a Canadian Human Rights Commission case against the far-right organisation Heritage Front, which contributed significantly to its eventual demise. He also founded Klan Busters hotline to monitor and prevent white supremacist activity in Toronto. Bobiwash's work on Indigenous self-government and relations spanned a broad range of constituencies across borders. Locally, he provided consultation and resources in support of urban Indigenous self-government and institutional relations. Internationally, he frequently represented and mediated on behalf of various Indigenous and anti-racist communities, at forums including the United Nations and the World Trade Organisation. In the late 1990s, he directed the Native Canadian Centre of Toronto as well as the Forum for Global Exchange and the Biocultural Security Directorate at the Centre for World Indigenous Studies. His legacies include the Toronto Native Community History Project and its highlight, the "Great Indian Bus Tour". The Project was started alongside Heather Howard at the Native Canadian Centre in 1995, and acted "to preserve and promote the history of Aboriginal people in the Toronto area" and "to teach and share in the spirit of friendship, and with the goal of eliminating racism and prejudice".

text:
# Rodney Bobiwash

**Alan Rodney Bobiwash** (1959–2002) was an Anishinaabe First-Nations activist and scholar for Indigenous histories, racial equality, and social justice. He taught at the University of Manitoba, Trent University, and the University of Toronto. At the University of Toronto, he also directed First Nations House and Aboriginal Student Services (1994–97), paving the way for expanded First Nations student support in education.

Bobiwash was deeply involved in the anti-racist movement. He was instrumental in launching a Canadian Human Rights Commission case against the far-right organisation Heritage Front, which contributed significantly to its eventual demise. He also founded Klan Busters hotline to monitor and prevent white supremacist activity in Toronto.

Bobiwash's work on Indigenous self-government and relations spanned a broad range of constituencies across borders. Locally, he provided consultation and resources in support of urban Indigenous self-government and institutional relations. Internationally, he frequently represented and mediated on behalf of various Indigenous and anti-racist communities, at forums including the United Nations and the World Trade Organisation. In the late 1990s, he directed the Native Canadian Centre of Toronto as well as the Forum for Global Exchange and the Biocultural Security Directorate at the Centre for World Indigenous Studies.

His legacies include the Toronto Native Community History Project (now First Story Toronto) and its highlight, the "Great Indian Bus Tour" (now First Story Toronto Tours). The Project was started alongside Heather Howard at the Native Canadian Centre in 1995, and acted "to preserve and promote the history of Aboriginal people in the Toronto area" and "to teach and share in the spirit of friendship, and with the goal of eliminating racism and prejudice".

## Life

### Early years

A. Rodney Bobiwash was born in 1959 to the Anishinaabe Bear Clan of the Mississauga First Nation on the north shore of Lake Huron, in Blind River, Ontario. His Anishinabek name, Wacoquaakmik, meant "the breath of the land". In his youth, he spent some time in foster care on a farm near Sudbury, Ontario. He attended Garson-Falconbridge Secondary School and graduated in 1978.

Bobiwash went on to study at Trent University, where he was named Bata Scholar and awarded the Native Studies Prize. He wrote a thesis on the economic and social history of Pinehouse, Saskatchewan, and graduated with an Honours Bachelor of Arts in Native Studies. He then read history at Wolfson College, Oxford, becoming the first Indigenous student sponsored by the Canadian government for graduate studies at the University of Oxford. There he wrote on the topic of *Métis, Indian, and Company Regulations in the Post-Monopoly Era: The English River Fur Trade District, 1870–1885*. He was briefly a resident fellow at the D'Arcy McNickle Center for American Indian and Indigenous Studies at Newberry Library.

In 1987, Bobiwash taught at the University of Manitoba as a part-time lecturer in Native Studies. From 1988 to 1990 he taught at Trent University, encouraging his students to actively engage in issues facing the Native community. In 1989, he joined the efforts of the Anishinaabe in Temagami to stop the construction of a logging road through ancestral hunting grounds while their land claim was still before the Supreme Court. He was discouraged from joining by the head of the Native Studies program, who expressed concern that his participation would "reflect as badly on the department as if he were seen drunk at a local tavern." Bobiwash joined regardless. He was arrested and detained twice, and subsequently banned from the Sudbury and Nippissing areas until his trial. The charges were dropped. In 1990, Trent's Native Studies program decided not to rehire Bobiwash, citing "ongoing concerns about \[Bobiwash's\] teaching effectiveness." Students circulated petitions to protest the decision, stating that Bobiwash was "dismissed" for his participation in civil disobedience, not due to a shortcoming in teaching.

### Indigenous self-government and relations work

For the next few years Bobiwash stepped away from academic teaching. He moved to Toronto, worked at the Ontario Indian Commission, and began to volunteer at the Native Canadian Centre of Toronto (NCCT). From 1991 to 1993, Bobiwash was employed at the NCCT as Policy Analyst and Native Self-Government and Anti-Racism Coordinator. From 1991 to 1998 he also ran Mukwa Ode, a First Nations consulting group that worked with Indigenous and non-Indigenous clients in a number of different areas. Mukwa Ode worked closely with the Greater Toronto Aboriginal Management Board (GTAMB; now Miziwe Biik). Its projects included the publication of the Toronto Urban Native Self-Government Handbook and a review of the perception of policing in Toronto's Indigenous community.

In the mid-1990s, he was one of the only two non-lawyers appointed by the Ontario government as Adjudicator with the Ontario Human Rights Commission. He was appointed in 1992 and reappointed in 1995.

#### Anti-racism

Bobiwash was highly active in the Canadian anti-racist movement. In 1992, he played a pivotal role in launching a Canadian Human Rights Commission complaint against the far-right organisation Heritage Front, contributing significantly to its eventual demise. Elisa Hategan, a past member of the Heritage Front and now defector, has been quoted as saying:

> Rodney did more to shut down hate than any other anti-racism activist back then... I wasn't part of \[Heritage Front's\] strategy to terrorize activists, but I was aware of it... When I had to go into hiding, though, he helped save my life. He enlisted six members of the American Indian Movement to keep me safe when I went to court. He gave me money, let me stay in his apartment and took me out to dinner.

Bobiwash founded a group called Klan Busters at the NCCT, which sought to combat the influence of Ku Klux Klan and affiliated white supremacist organisations in Ontario, Quebec, and the Prairie provinces. Klan Busters monitored and prevented white supremacist activity across Toronto, and operated an anti-racist hotline. As a result, Bobiwash was frequently the target of death threats and harassment campaigns which at one point required him to be placed under 24-hour police protection. Mail to Bobiwash included "phoney herpes test results, a scrawl that endorses Native gas sniffing, and an ad for the film Last of the Mohicans with the written comment: "Probably died of an alcohol-soaked liver."" He was nonetheless known to meet harassment with humour, in one instance agreeing to coffee with the leader of Heritage Front in the courthouse's basement cafeteria before the court date. On another occasion, when details came out during the court case that a member of the hate group had been charged for doughnut-store robbery, Bobiwash "came to the proceedings with a big box of doughnuts and started distributing them, to the great merriment of the spectators."

#### Community education and history

From 1994 to 1997, Bobiwash took on a dual role at the University of Toronto as the Director of First Nations House and as coordinator for the Office of Aboriginal Student Services and Programs. In these roles, he worked to expand community services and support for First Nations students. He also briefly resumed teaching in the Aboriginal Studies program from 1996 to 1997.

In 1995, Bobiwash and Heather Howard started the Toronto Native Community History Project (now First Story Toronto) at the NCCT and began sharing the knowledge through a "Great Indian Bus Tour" (now First Story Toronto Tours). The community history project was modelled on a similar initiative in Oakland, California. It began to collect oral histories of the city's Indigenous residents and preserve in its own archive, combine scholarly and community-based knowledge, and legitimise "non-reserve based Native peoples' claims to Aboriginal rights and sovereignty".

#### Indigenous rights and relations

Throughout his professional career, Bobiwash organised, addressed, and participated in numerous conferences, seminars, and workshops around the world to represent various First Nations and Anti-Racist organisations. The international forums included the United Nations and the World Trade Organisation. He travelled to numerous countries including Siberia, Mexico, and Colombia, often to mediate on behalf of Indigenous Peoples. In 1998, Bobiwash became Director of the NCCT and, shortly after, Director of the Forum for Global Exchange and the Biocultural Security Directorate at the Centre for World Indigenous Studies. He received the 25th Anniversary Award from the Urban Alliance on Race Relations in the year 2000.

Almost to the end of his life, he maintained a Friday-evening vigil at the Colombian consulate for Kimy Pernía Domicó. Pernía was an Embera Katío activist who was disappeared soon after returning home from the Quebec People's Summit of April 2001. He opposed the Urra hydroelectric dam on the Sinú River that flooded crops and sacred sites in his people's territory. He had visited Canada on a number of occasions to testify on the devastation caused by the project, which was partially financed by Export Development Canada using Canadian tax revenue.

Rodney Bobiwash died of cardiovascular disease associated with complications from diabetes on January 13, 2002, at the age of 42. A three-day vigil was held at the NCCT to commemorate his passing, with 700 in attendance. Bobiwash was honoured by the Colombian activists at their consul protest. In February 2002, Toronto City Council recognised the passing of Bobiwash through a condolence motion moved by Councillor Jane Pitfield and seconded by Councillor Kyle Rae. "Sincere sympathies" were conveyed to "his wife Heather Howard-Bobiwash, his mother Alice Bobiwash and his sisters and brothers, and the Toronto Aboriginal Community."

## Legacy

### Toronto Native Community History Project

In 1995, the Toronto Native Community History Project was established at the Native Canadian Centre of Toronto (NCCT) by a group of Indigenous community members and non-Indigenous allies, through the leadership of Rodney Bobiwash and Heather Howard. The Project's mandate was:

> To hold faith with out ancestors; To speak our memory. To preserve and promote the history of Aboriginal people in the Toronto area from time immemorial to the present, and for the future. To teach and share in the spirit of friendship, and with the goal of eliminating racism and prejudice.

Foundational to this collection were materials donated by Anglican Church Women to Indigenous woman and housing advocate Mildred (Millie) Redmond in 1976. Redmond received the materials in her capacity as director at Anduhyaun, a women's shelter she helped found in 1968 and the first of its kind in Canada. Thereafter, the collection was passed to the NCCT and enriched with many more contemporary Indigenous art, artefacts, archival material, and oral history recordings. With the development of the Toronto Native Community History Project through the 1990s and 2000s, various initiatives began to elaborate the Indigenous histories of Toronto. These initiatives included community history classes, publications, oral history projects, and a bus tour of the city from Indigenous perspectives. In 2013, the collection was made the focus of a community engagement research project called "Memory, Meaning-Making, and Collections (MMMC)" which encourages seniors to "\[remember and re-tell\] urban Aboriginal experiences, history and heritage, including the experiences of residential schooling."

The historical collection is now stewarded by First Story Toronto at the NCCT, and the bus tour has been adapted into a mobile app that "re-places Indigenous histories back onto the geography of Toronto and maps current cultural events." The app was launched in October 2012 at the ImagineNATIVE Film and Media Arts Festival.

#### "The Great Indian Bus Tour"

Among the Toronto Native Community History Project's programs was a five-hour bus tour led by Rodney Bobiwash, which began in 1995 as "The Great Indian Bus Tour of Toronto". Since there was, at the time, "little to no acknowledgement of Indigenous presence (past or present) in Toronto", the tour combined scholarly research with community oral histories to tell the missing stories of the city's Indigenous past and present. The tour was cited in planning scholarship that emphasises the need to make space for diverse urban histories, as follows:

> The late Native historian, Rodney Bobiwash, used to offer a tour called "The Great Indian Bus Tour of Toronto." The bus stopped at familiar sites, like Casa Loma and High Park, but the stories Bobiwash told about the historical significance of these sites is not visible, not even noted on a plaque. The history of the First Nations has been all but obliterated. In the east end of the city, the bus stopped in what appeared to be a typical Scarborough suburb: single-family ranch-style homes spread far and wide. In the midst of this otherwise flat landscape was what appeared to be a small park composed of an unusually high grass-covered hill. A common reaction on the bus was that it looked like it would be great for sledding. No doubt many of the children in the area think the same thing. But this is also a sacred burial mound that pre-dates the arrival of Europeans. Before leaving the bus, Bobiwash would give each tour participant a small packet of loose tobacco to scatter to the four directions to honour the dead as they climbed up the long, steep sides of the collective grave. At the top, there is a small plaque on a boulder. How many of those living nearby have hiked to the top and read the plaque? How many are oblivious? Whose history we preserve, and how, is critical to our collective understanding of who we are and what makes a good city. Native artists are just beginning to mark the urban landscape with other reminders of their long, yet largely ignored history, like the local Na Me Res (Native Men's Residence) mural that reads "Celebrating 20,000 years of being in the neighbourhood."

The bus tour was considered important and necessary by many Indigenous and non-Indigenous residents of Toronto, and continued after Bobiwash's passing in 2002. Ongoing collaboration at First Story Toronto has expanded Bobiwash's original tour to offer a series of bus and walking tours across the Greater Toronto Area (GTA).

## Selected works

* "The History of Native People in the Toronto Area: An Overview." In *The Meeting Place: Aboriginal Life in Toronto*, edited by Frances Sanderson and Heather Howard-Bobiwash, 5-24. Toronto: Native Canadian Centre of Toronto, 1997.
* "Native Urban Self-Government in Toronto and the Politics of Self-Determination." In *The Meeting Place: Aboriginal Life in Toronto*, edited by Frances Sanderson and Heather Howard-Bobiwash, 84-94. Toronto: Native Canadian Centre of Toronto, 1997.
* "1995: Ontario's Summer of Hate and the Development of an Anti-Indian Movement". *Akwasasne Notes* 2, no. 2 (1997): 13. Cornwall Island Reserve, Rooseveltown, NY
*

1. As confirmed through Bobiwash's professional records in: University of Toronto Archives. A. Rodney Bobiwash fonds. B2012-0006/032(22)
2. While the collection eventually came to be stewarded by projects at NCCT, it is unclear when or why the collection came to be in the NCCT's possession. Krmpotich et al. (2015) speculate that it was "likely through \[Redmond's\] close association with \[NCCT's\] active women’s group, among whom were other members with connections to Anduhyaun" (349).
1. Duncan, David (August 2012). "A. Rodney Bobiwash: Biographical Sketch". *University of Toronto Archives*. Context area.
2. Easton, Megan (2 October 2019). "A Heart of Courage". *University of Toronto Magazine*.
3. Dunphy, Catherine (31 Jan 1993). "Rodney Bobiwash: Mild-mannered, but not one to back down from a fight". *Toronto Star*. p. B5. ISSN 0319-0781.
4. Sanderson, Frances; Howard-Bobiwash, Heather, eds. (1997). *Notes on the Contributors*. Toronto: Native Canadian Centre of Toronto. p. 165. ISBN 0-9682546-0-8.
5. Varga, Christina (27 Aug 2002). "Rodney Bobiwash". *The Globe and Mail*. p. A16. ISSN 0319-0714.
6. Bakan, Jacob (3 April 1990). "Students protest native studies hiring decision". *Trent Arthur*. p. 7.
7. Doucet, Michael; Hii, Rebecca (April 2008). "Bibliography on Immigration and Settlement in the Toronto Area". *Ryerson Digital Commons* (3rd ed.). Geography Publications and Research. pp. 75, 197. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
8. Dimaline, Cherie (February 2002). "Aambe Kinagwa - Let us all go together". *The Native Canadian*. Native Canadian Centre of Toronto.
9. "Minutes of the Council of the City of Toronto: February 13, 14, and 15, 2002" (PDF). *Toronto City Council and Committees - Meetings, Agendas, and Minutes*. 16 April 2002. pp. 182–183. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
10. "Canada (Human Rights Commission) v. Heritage Front (T.D.)". *Government of Canada*. Office of the Commissioner for Federal Judicial Affairs (published 1994). 8 October 1993. \[1994\] 1 F.C. 203. Retrieved 2020-01-20.
11. "Canada (Human Rights Commission) v. Heritage Front (T.D.)". *Government of Canada*. Office of the Commissioner for Federal Judicial Affairs Canada. 2 June 1994. \[1994\] 3 F.C. 710. Retrieved 2020-01-20.
12. Yelaja, Priti (8 August 1992). "Hotline set up to fight racism". *Toronto Star*. p. A4. ISSN 0319-0781.
13. Bailey, Ian (23 Feb 1993). "Native fighting hate opposes white supremacists". *The Hamilton Spectator*. p. A8. ISSN 0839-0185.
14. Melanie (2 October 2017). "Indigenous Toronto: Takwaakin in the City". *Toronto Public Library: Local History & Genealogy*. Toronto Public Library. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
15. "First Story Toronto: Exploring the Indigenous History of Toronto!". *First Story Toronto*. 2013-02-19. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
16. Freeman, Victoria J. (23 February 2011). ""Toronto Has No History!" Indigeneity, Settler Colonialism, and Historical Memory in Canada's Largest City". *University of Toronto School of Graduate Studies (Doctoral Thesis)*: 236–237. hdl:1807/26356.
17. Han, Janet (2002-01-17). "Students mourn Bobiwash". *The Varsity*. Retrieved 2020-01-15.
18. Mascoll, Philip (18 January 2002). "Aboriginal leader devoted life to study: Rodney Bobiwash was both activist and intellectual". *Toronto Star*. p. B7. ISSN 0319-0781.
19. Duncan, David (August 2012). "A. Rodney Bobiwash - Box and File Lists, Series 6: Professional Activities/Organizations and Correspondence". *University of Toronto Archives*.
20. Thomas, Kevin (4 February 2002). "Friends, family mourn death of native leader". *Sudbury Star*. p. A2. ISSN 0839-2544.
21. Patterson, Brent (2 June 2018). "Remembering Kimy Pernía Domicó and his fight for Indigenous rights and water justice". *The Council of Canadians/Le Conseil des Canadiens*. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
22. Price, Kathy (2 June 2016). "Remembering a beloved defender of Indigenous rights and the deadly struggle that continues in Colombia". *Amnesty International Canada*. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
23. Krmpotich, Cara; Howard, Heather; Knight, Emma (18 October 2015). "From collection to community to collections again: Urban Indigenous women, material culture and belonging". *Journal of Material Culture*. **21** (3): 350–51. doi:10.1177/1359183515610362.
24. Boissoneau, Stephanie M.; Howard-Bobiwash, Heather (2000). *Toronto Native Community History Project Policy and Procedures Manual*. Toronto: Native Canadian Centre of Toronto. p. 5.
25. "Did we ever talk treaties!". *First Story Toronto*. 27 June 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
26. Krmpotich, Cara; Howard, Heather; Knight, Emma (18 October 2015). "From collection to community to collections again: Urban Indigenous women, material culture and belonging". *Journal of Material Culture*. **21** (3): 344. doi:10.1177/1359183515610362.
27. Krmpotich, Cara; Howard, Heather; Knight, Emma (18 October 2015). "From collection to community to collections again: Urban Indigenous women, material culture and belonging". *Journal of Material Culture*. **21** (3): 347. doi:10.1177/1359183515610362.
28. Krmpotich, Cara; Howard, Heather; Knight, Emma (18 October 2015). "From collection to community to collections again: Urban Indigenous women, material culture and belonging". *Journal of Material Culture*. **21** (3): 349. doi:10.1177/1359183515610362.
29. "Memory, Meaning-Making and Collections". *University of Toronto Centre for Indigenous Studies: Research*. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
30. Recollet, Karyn; Johnson, Jon (14 November 2019). "'Why Do You Need to Know That?' Slipstream Movements and Mapping 'Otherwise' in Tkaronto". *Journal of Public Pedagogies*. **4** (4): 179. doi:10.15209/jpp.1187.
31. Rahder, Barbara; Milgrom, Richard (2004). "The Uncertain City: Making Space(s) for Difference". *Canadian Journal of Urban Research*. **13** (1): 38. JSTOR 44321054.

## InfoBox

| A. Rodney Bobiwash | |
| --- | --- |
| Wacoquaakmik | |
| Born | (1959-07-09)9 July 1959<br>Blind River, Ontario |
| Died | 13 January 2002(2002-01-13) (aged 42) |
| Spouse | Heather Howard |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater | Wolfson College, Oxford |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Historian |
|  | |


title: Rogelio Baón

abstract: Rogelio Baón Ramírez (1942–2008) was a Spanish journalist, lawyer and politician. He served at the Parliament for People's Party for five terms between 1989 and 2008.

text:
# Rogelio Baón

**Rogelio Baón Ramírez** (1942–2008) was a Spanish journalist, lawyer and politician. He served at the Parliament for People's Party for five terms between 1989 and 2008.

## Early life and education

Baón was born in Quintanar de la Orden on 23 February 1942. He received a degree in journalism in 1967. Then he graduated from the Complutense University of Madrid obtaining a law degree. His speciality was commercial and tax law.

## Career and activities

Baón was the editor of *La Gaceta del Norte*, a Bilbao-based newspaper, between 1965 and 1967. He joined the EFE agency in 1967 and worked in its Lisbon and Guinea branches. He began to work in the Radio Nacional de España in February 1971 and held various posts. He worked as a lawyer from 1976 and also, became a faculty member at his alma mater, Complutense University of Madrid. He held several posts in the Radio Nacional de España and in the RTVE until 1989. In the latter he headed the joint commission.

Baón joined the People's Party and became a deputy for the party representing Toledo in the 1989 general election. He was reelected to the Parliament in the 1993 general election from Madrid. He also won his seat in the 1996 general election, 2000 general election and 2004 general election.

Baón became the chair of the Memory of the Transition unit at the European University of Madrid in 2006. He was the first head of the unit.

Baón was the author of several books most of which are about history and political science.

## Personal life and death

Baón was married and had two children.

Baón died in Madrid at the age of 66 on 26 February 2008. He was buried in Valdemorillo on 28 February.

## InfoBox

| Rogelio Baón | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Parliament | |
| **In office**
1989–2008 | |
| Constituency | * Toledo * Madrid |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Rogelio Baón Ramírez
23 February 1942
Quintanar de la Orden, Spain |
| Died | 26 February 2008(2008-02-26) (aged 66)
Madrid, Spain |
| Resting place | Valdemorillo, Spain |
| Political party | People's Party |
| Children | 2 |
| Alma mater | Complutense University of Madrid |
| Profession | * Journalist * Lawyer |
|  | |


title: Roger Breeze

abstract: Roger Gerrard Breeze was an English veterinary scientist who was an expert on bio-terrorism, and a critic of mass culling to combat foot and mouth disease in animals. Breeze graduated from Manchester Grammar School then went to the University of Glasgow (1964–1973), where he received his Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery and a PhD in Veterinary Pathology. He remained at the university as a lecturer from 1968 until 1977. He subsequently moved to Washington State University, where he was professor and chair of the Department of Microbiology and Pathology from 1977 to 1987, then deputy director at the University of Washington Technology Center from 1984 to 1987. Breeze moved into the service of the US federal government in 1987, becoming director of the Plum Island Animal Disease Center which was part of the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). In 1995, he became Area Director of the ARS, and then in 1998, Associate Administrator. In 1988, for his work on biodefence at Plum Island, Breeze received the Distinguished Executive Award from President Clinton. This award is given to members of the Senior Executive Service to reward exemplary service. From 2004 to 2015, Breeze was CEO, owner and president of Centaur Science Group. From 2011, Breeze was Bio-Security Deputy Program Director at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

text:
# Roger Breeze

**Roger Gerrard Breeze** (10 October 1946 – 14 June 2016) was an English veterinary scientist who was an expert on bio-terrorism, and a critic of mass culling to combat foot and mouth disease in animals.

Breeze graduated from Manchester Grammar School then went to the University of Glasgow (1964–1973), where he received his Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery and a PhD in Veterinary Pathology. He remained at the university as a lecturer from 1968 until 1977. He subsequently moved to Washington State University, where he was professor and chair of the Department of Microbiology and Pathology from 1977 to 1987, then deputy director at the University of Washington Technology Center from 1984 to 1987.

Breeze moved into the service of the US federal government in 1987, becoming director of the Plum Island Animal Disease Center which was part of the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). In 1995, he became Area Director of the ARS, and then in 1998, Associate Administrator.

In 1988, for his work on biodefence at Plum Island, Breeze received the Distinguished Executive Award from President Clinton. This award is given to members of the Senior Executive Service to reward exemplary service.

From 2004 to 2015, Breeze was CEO, owner and president of Centaur Science Group. From 2011, Breeze was Bio-Security Deputy Program Director at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

## Selected works

* Breeze, Roger Gerrard (1973). *Fog fever and acute respiratory syndromes of cattle* (PhD). University of Glasgow. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
* Breeze, R.G.; Pirie, H.M.; Selman, I.E.; Wiseman, A. (October 1974). "Fog fever: Provocation tests with *Dictyocaulus viviparus*". *Journal of Comparative Pathology*. **84** (4): 577–588. doi:10.1016/0021-9975(74)90049-8. PMID 4282616.
* Breeze, RG; Pirie, HM; Selman, IE; Wiseman, A (January 1975). "Fog fever in cattle: cytology of the hyperplastic alveolar epithelium". *Journal of Comparative Pathology*. **85** (1): 147–56. doi:10.1016/0021-9975(75)90093-6. PMID 165224.
* Breeze, RG; Carlson, JR (1982). "Chemical-induced lung injury in domestic animals". *Advances in Veterinary Science and Comparative Medicine*. **26**: 201–31. PMID 6758539.
* Breeze, RG (April 2006). "Technology, public policy and control of transboundary livestock diseases in our lifetimes". *Revue Scientifique et Technique*. **25** (1): 271–92. doi:10.20506/rst.25.1.1666. PMID 16796054.

## Further reading

* Paragas, J; Dudley, J; Karesh, W; Leighton, T; Rudolph, A (July 2016). "Roger Gerrard Breeze, 1946-2016". *Health Security*. **14** (4): 203–4. doi:10.1089/hs.2016.0061. PMID 27442909.

## InfoBox

| Roger G.Breeze | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1946-10-10)October 10, 1946 |
| Died | June 14, 2016(2016-06-14) (aged 69) |
| Resting place | Staten Island, New York |
| Education | Manchester Grammar School, England |
| Alma mater | University of Glasgow |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Respiratory diseases of animals, biological weapons defense |
| Institutions | Plum Island Animal Disease Center |
| Thesis | *Fog fever and acute respiratory syndromes of cattle* (1973) |
| Doctoral advisor | H.M. Pirie |
|  | |


title: Roger Bradley

abstract: Roger Robert Andrew Francis Bradley was a New Zealand-born Dutch cricketer. Bradley was a right-handed batsman. Born in the New Zealand capital, Wellington, Bradley attended Otumoetai College in Tauranga. He played a single first-class match for Northern Districts in the 1990/91 New Zealand cricket season against Central Districts. By 1995, he had moved to the Netherlands and in June of that year he made his debut for the Netherlands in the 1995 NatWest Trophy against Northamptonshire. Over the next seven years he played 15 List A matches for the Netherlands, competing in the English domestic one-day tournament, the 2000 ICC Emerging Nations Tournament and the 2002 ICC 6 Nations Challenge. In his 15 List A matches for his adopted country, Bradley scored 278 runs at a batting average of 19.85, with two half centuries. His highest score was 78 against Cambridgeshire in 1999, when he won the player of the match award. He also represented the Netherlands in ten matches in the 2001 ICC Trophy. Bradley died in Tauranga on 24 March 2017 after a long illness.

text:
# Roger Bradley

**Roger Robert Andrew Francis Bradley** (30 November 1962 – 24 March 2017) was a New Zealand-born Dutch cricketer. Bradley was a right-handed batsman.

Born in the New Zealand capital, Wellington, Bradley attended Otumoetai College in Tauranga. He played a single first-class match for Northern Districts in the 1990/91 New Zealand cricket season against Central Districts. By 1995, he had moved to the Netherlands and in June of that year he made his debut for the Netherlands in the 1995 NatWest Trophy against Northamptonshire. Over the next seven years he played 15 List A matches for the Netherlands, competing in the English domestic one-day tournament, the 2000 ICC Emerging Nations Tournament and the 2002 ICC 6 Nations Challenge. In his 15 List A matches for his adopted country, Bradley scored 278 runs at a batting average of 19.85, with two half centuries. His highest score was 78 against Cambridgeshire in 1999, when he won the player of the match award.

He also represented the Netherlands in ten matches in the 2001 ICC Trophy.

Bradley died in Tauranga on 24 March 2017 after a long illness.

## InfoBox

Roger Bradley
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Roger Robert Andrew Francis Bradley |
| Born | (1962-11-30)30 November 1962
Wellington, New Zealand |
| Died | 24 March 2017(2017-03-24) (aged 54)
Tauranga, New Zealand |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| International information | |
| National side |  |
|  | |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1995–2001 | Netherlands |
| 1990/91 | Northern Districts |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class List A  Matches 1 15  Runs scored  278  Batting average  19.85  100s/50s  0/2  Top score  78  Balls bowled 36 36  Wickets 1 0  Bowling average 31.00   5 wickets in innings 0   10 wickets in match 0   Best bowling 1/31   Catches/stumpings 0/– 7/– | |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 5 February 2011 | |


title: Mtel (Montenegro)

abstract: Društvo za telekomunikacije MTEL d.o.o. Podgorica, doing business as m:tel, is a telecommunications company in Montenegro. It is a 51–49% joint venture between Telekom Srbija and Telekom Srpske.

text:
# Mtel (Montenegro)

**Društvo za telekomunikacije MTEL d.o.o. Podgorica**, doing business as **m:tel**, is a telecommunications company in Montenegro. It is a 51–49% joint venture between Telekom Srbija and Telekom Srpske (Telekom Srbija owns 65% of Telekom Srpske).

## History

On 9 May 2007, the company obtained a licence to become the third mobile operator in Montenegro, along with a license for GSM and UMTS technologies. The company officially launched its business on 9 July 2007 using the **068** dialing prefix. Initially, the company was 51-49% joint venture between Telekom Srbija and Ogalar BV (Dutch-based company controlled by Delta Holding).

m:tel plans to invest €120 million, and eventually grow to 150 employees. Initially, its signal covered a relatively small area from Montenegrin coastline to capital Podgorica (about 30% of the country's territory). Initial goals were to have the m:tel signal available in most Montenegrin towns by September 2007. Plans to be achieved by the end of 2007 consisted of covering 90% of the country's territory and gaining 15-20% market-share in a country that at the time of m:tel's arrival had 690,000 mobile subscribers. The company announced plans to offer fixed telephony services as well as WiMax.

The company announced that it sold 12,000 prepaid packages with SIM cards during its first official day of operation.

As of the end of August 2007, Montenegin Telecommunications Agency has announced that m:tel held 12.8% of the Montenegrin mobile telephony market. Its more established competitors ProMonte and T-Mobile held 50% and 37.2%, respectively.

On October 19, 2007, m:tel announced the beginning of their fixed telephony operations in Montenegro, ending T-Com Montenegro's monopoly in the fixed telephony business. M:tel will be using the (0)78 prefix and is currently available in Podgorica. M:tel is hoping to provide fixed telephony and internet services to other cities throughout Montenegro by the end of the year.

During mid-November 2007, the company announced that its signal is present in every single one of Montenegro's 21 municipalities, accounting for the 80% of the country's populated territory, and able to reach 91% of the total population.

At the end of November 2007, Montenegin Telecommunications Agency announced that m:tel's market share in Montenegro (a market of 992,000 mobile sets at this time) increased to 22.66%. Its competitors ProMonte and T-Mobile at this time held 43.47% and 33.87%, respectively.

On February 3, 2010, Ogalar BV (Dutch-based company controlled by Delta Holding) sold its 49% share to m:tel Bosnia and Herzegovina (Telekom Srpske).

1. "Zoran Milovanović novi izvršni direktor kompanije mtel". *Mtel.me* (in Serbo-Croatian). 28 November 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
2. MTSmondo.com Archived 2007-07-12 at the Wayback Machine
3. "B92.net". B92.net. 2007-09-19. Retrieved 2018-06-19.
4. "MTEL-CG.com". MTEL-CG.com. 2016-05-09. Retrieved 2018-06-19.
5. "B92.net". B92.net. Retrieved 2018-06-19.
6. "Mondo.rs". Mondo.rs. Retrieved 2018-06-19.

## InfoBox

m:tel
|
|  |
| Company type | Limited liability company |
| Industry | Mobile phone operator |
| Founded | April 2007 |
| Headquarters | Podgorica, Montenegro |
| Key people | Zoran Milovanović (CEO) |
| Products | Wireless,
Mobile telephony,
Cable Internet,
Cable TV,
Fixed telephone lines |
| Owner | 51% Telekom Srbija
49% Telekom Srpske |
| Number of employees | 135 |
| Website | mtel.me |


title: Lenni, Pennsylvania

abstract: Lenni is an unincorporated community in Middletown Township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. Lenni is located at the intersection of Lenni Road and Lungren Road, northeast of the Chester Creek.

text:
# Lenni, Pennsylvania

**Lenni** is an unincorporated community in Middletown Township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. Lenni is located at the intersection of Lenni Road and Lungren Road, northeast of the Chester Creek.

## History

On January 2, 1797, Thomas Griffith sold a tract of land to John Lungren, a paper manufacturer from Upper Providence, for the purposes of developing a mill which was built in 1798.

After 1877, the mills were leased to Union Army General Robert Patterson.

The Lenni train station was closed in September 1986, due to deteriorating track conditions and Chester County's desire to expand facilities at Exton Station on SEPTA's Paoli/Thorndale Line.

## InfoBox

| Lenni, Pennsylvania | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Lenni | |
| Coordinates: 39°53′38″N 75°26′52″W / 39.89389°N 75.44778°W / 39.89389; -75.44778 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Pennsylvania |
| County | Delaware |
| Township | Middletown |
| Elevation | 151 ft (46 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 19052 |
| Area code(s) | 610 and 484 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1179198 |


title: Mtenje

abstract: Mtenje is a village in central Malawi near Lake Malawi. It is located in Nkhotakota District in the Central Region approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Nkhotakota.

text:
# Mtenje

**Mtenje** is a village in central Malawi near Lake Malawi. It is located in Nkhotakota District in the Central Region approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Nkhotakota.

## InfoBox

| Mtenje | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Mtenje is located only 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Nkhotakota | |
| MtenjeLocation in Malawi | |
| Coordinates: 12°56′S 34°18′E / 12.933°S 34.300°E / -12.933; 34.300 | |
| Country | Malawi |
| Region | Central Region |
| District | Nkhotakota District |


title: Len Duncan

abstract: Len Duncan was an American race car driver. Duncan raced midget cars in seven decades from 1920s until the 1980s. During World War II, received the honor of being assigned as President Harry S. Truman's driver during one of his visits to England. Mario Andretti credits Duncan with having a great influence on his professional life. Andretti raced against Duncan in the American Racing Drivers Club (ARDC) series in 1963.

text:
# Len Duncan

**Len Duncan** (July 25, 1911 Brooklyn, New York  August 1, 1998 Lansdale, Pennsylvania) was an American race car driver. Duncan raced midget cars in seven decades from 1920s until the 1980s. During World War II, received the honor of being assigned as President Harry S. Truman's driver during one of his visits to England. Mario Andretti credits Duncan with having a great influence on his professional life. Andretti raced against Duncan in the American Racing Drivers Club (ARDC) series in 1963.

## Midget car career

Duncan began racing in 1928. Duncan was the AAA Eastern Midget Champion. Duncan won eight American Racing Drivers Club (ARDC) championships during the thirteen years between 1955 and 1967.

## Career award

## Indy 500 results

## Complete Formula One World Championship results

(key)

| Year | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | WDC | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1953 | Caccia Motors | Schroeder | Offenhauser L4 | ARG | 500
DNQ | NED | BEL | FRA | GBR | GER | SUI | ITA | NC | 0 |
| 1954 | Ray Brady | Schroeder | Offenhauser L4 | ARG | 500
31 * | BEL | FRA | GBR | GER | SUI | ITA | ESP | NC | 0 |
| 1955 | Ray Brady | Kurtis Kraft 4000 | Offenhauser L4 | ARG | MON | 500
DNQ | BEL | NED | GBR | ITA |  |  | NC | 0 |
| 1956 | Ray Brady | Kurtis Kraft 4000 | Offenhauser L4 | ARG | MON | 500
DNQ | BEL | FRA | GBR | GER | ITA |  | NC | 0 |

** Indicates shared drive with George Fonder*  1. "Len Duncan". National Midget Auto Racing Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on 11 September 2007. Retrieved 5 March 2016.

## InfoBox

Len Duncan
| Born | (1911-07-25)July 25, 1911
Brooklyn, New York |
| --- | --- |
| Died | August 1, 1998(1998-08-01) (aged 87)
Lansdale, Pennsylvania |
| Formula One World Championship career | |
| Nationality | American |
| Active years | 19531956 |
| Teams | Kurtis Kraft, Schroeder |
| Entries | 4 (1 start) |
| Championships | 0 |
| Wins | 0 |
| Podiums | 0 |
| Career points | 0 |
| Pole positions | 0 |
| Fastest laps | 0 |
| First entry | 1953 Indianapolis 500 |
| Last entry | 1956 Indianapolis 500 |


title: Mount Yūbari

abstract: Mount Yūbari is a mountain of the Yūbari Mountains. It is located On the border of Minamifurano, Yūbari, Hokkaidō, Japan.

text:
# Mount Yūbari

**Mount Yūbari** (夕張岳, *Yūbari-dake*) is a mountain of the Yūbari Mountains. It is located On the border of Minamifurano, Yūbari, Hokkaidō, Japan.

## InfoBox

| Mount Yūbari | |
| --- | --- |
| 夕張岳 | |
|  | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 1,667.7 m (5,471 ft) |
| Listing | List of mountains and hills of Japan by height |
| Coordinates | 43°5′59″N 142°15′3″E / 43.09972°N 142.25083°E / 43.09972; 142.25083 |
| Geography | |
|  | |
| Location | On the border of Minamifurano, Yūbari, Hokkaidō, Japan |
| Parent range | Yūbari Mountains |
| Topo map | Geographical Survey Institute 25000:1 夕張岳<br>50000:1 夕張岳 |


title: Lek Yuen Bridge

abstract: Lek Yuen Bridge is a pedestrian footbridge in Sha Tin New Town, New Territories, Hong Kong, across the Shing Mun River. The uncovered concrete footbridge was built in 1988. It is about 160 m in length with a structural area of about 1,000 m⁲.

text:
# Lek Yuen Bridge

**Lek Yuen Bridge** (Chinese: 瀝源橋) is a pedestrian footbridge in Sha Tin New Town, New Territories, Hong Kong, across the Shing Mun River.

The uncovered concrete footbridge was built in 1988. It is about 160 m in length with a structural area of about 1,000 m2.

22°22′45.6″N 114°11′28.5″E / 22.379333°N 114.191250°E / 22.379333; 114.191250

## InfoBox

| Lek Yuen Bridge
瀝源橋 | |
| --- | --- |
| Lek Yuen Bridge across Shing Mun River | |
| Coordinates | 22°22′45″N 114°11′28″E / 22.3793°N 114.191°E / 22.3793; 114.191 |
| Crosses | Shing Mun River |
| Locale | Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong |
| Named for | Lek Yuen (may refer to archaic name for Sha Tin or the nearby Lek Yuen Estate) |
| Preceded by | Lion Bridge |
| Followed by | Sand Martin Bridge |
| Characteristics | |
| Material | Concrete |
| Total length | 160 m |
| History | |
| Opened | 1988 |
| Location | |
|  | |


title: Wong Meng Kong

abstract: Wong Meng Kong a Singaporean chess grandmaster. He won the Singaporean Chess Championship in 1986, 1989, 1990 and 1991. He represented Singapore at the Chess Olympiad eleven times. Wong won the 1979 Asian Junior Chess Championship in Sivakasi. In 1999, he was awarded the title of Grandmaster by FIDE, becoming the first Singaporean to achieve this feat. Wong did his 'O'-Levels at Anglo-Chinese School in 1979 and his 'A'-Levels at Anglo-Chinese Junior College in 1981. He went on to get his medical degree from National University of Singapore in 1987. He currently resides in Malaysia where he is a lecturer at Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia. He has long hair and can speak Cantonese and Mandarin.

text:
# Wong Meng Kong

**Wong Meng Kong** (born 18 September 1963) a Singaporean chess grandmaster. He won the Singaporean Chess Championship in 1986, 1989, 1990 and 1991. He represented Singapore at the Chess Olympiad eleven times (1982, 1984, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006).

Wong won the 1979 Asian Junior Chess Championship in Sivakasi. In 1999, he was awarded the title of Grandmaster by FIDE, becoming the first Singaporean to achieve this feat.

Wong did his 'O'-Levels at Anglo-Chinese School in 1979 and his 'A'-Levels at Anglo-Chinese Junior College in 1981. He went on to get his medical degree from National University of Singapore in 1987. He currently resides in Malaysia where he is a lecturer at Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia. He has long hair and can speak Cantonese and Mandarin.

## InfoBox

| Wong Meng Kong | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Singapore |
| Born | (1963-09-18) 18 September 1963 |
| Title | Grandmaster (1999) |
| Peak rating | 2507 (July 2000) |


title: Lek Yuen Estate

abstract: Lek Yuen Estate is a public housing estate in Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong. It is the first public housing estate in Sha Tin, built on the reclaimed land of Sha Tin Hoi, located near Wo Che Estate and MTR Sha Tin station. The estate consists of seven residential blocks completed in 1975.

text:
# Lek Yuen Estate

**Lek Yuen Estate** (Chinese: 瀝源邨) is a public housing estate in Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong. It is the first public housing estate in Sha Tin, built on the reclaimed land of Sha Tin Hoi, located near Wo Che Estate and MTR Sha Tin station. The estate consists of seven residential blocks completed in 1975.

## History

Lek Yuen Estate was one of the first of a "new generation" of estates which were more self-contained with regard to the provision of amenities and shopping. Covered walkways allow tenants to do their shopping close to home, without relying on cars or trains. This is now a standard element of housing estate design in Hong Kong. When the old Sha Tin market was being demolished, many merchants were relocated to the Lek Yuen Estate shops, though some complained of comparatively "exorbitant" rents.

The shopping centre is now owned by The Link REIT. The estate locality has several other facilities including a market, a park, a public clinic, an entertainment building called "Sha Tin Fun City" (沙田娛樂城), and numerous schools. An elevated walkway runs through the estate, linking it to Sha Tin Town Centre (to the south) and Wo Che Estate (to the north).

On 24 September 2020, a man was found dead at the estate after a fire broke out on the fourth floor of Wing Shui House.

## Houses

| Name | Chinese name | Building type | Completed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Wing Shui House | 榮瑞樓 | Old Slab | 1975 |
| Wah Fung House | 華豐樓 | | |
| Fu Yu House | 富裕樓 | | |
| Kwai Wo House | 貴和樓 | | |
| Fook Hoi House | 福海樓 | | |
| Luk Chuen House | 祿泉樓 | | |
| Sau Chuen House | 壽全樓 | | |

## Demographics

According to the 2016 by-census, Lek Yuen Estate had a population of 8,131. The median age was 50.5 and the majority of residents (98.6 per cent) were of Chinese ethnicity. The average household size was 2.6 people. The median monthly household income of all households (i.e. including both economically active and inactive households) was HK$20,000.

## Politics

Lek Yuen Estate is located in Lek Yuen constituency of the Sha Tin District Council. It is currently represented by Jimmy Sham Tsz-kit, who was elected in the 2019 elections.

## COVID-19 pandemic

Some residents in Luk Chuen House at the Estate in June 2020, where confirmed cases were found.

## InfoBox

| Lek Yuen Estate | |
| --- | --- |
| Overview of Lek Yuen Estate | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | 6 Lek Yuen Street, Sha Tin<br>New Territories, Hong Kong |
| Coordinates | 22°23′06″N 114°11′32″E / 22.385053°N 114.192115°E / 22.385053; 114.192115 |
| Status | Completed |
| Category | Public rental housing |
| Population | 8,131 (2016) |
| No. of blocks | 7 |
| No. of units | 3,219 |
| Construction | |
| Constructed | 1975 (1975) |
| Authority | Hong Kong Housing Authority |


title: Wommelgem

abstract: Wommelgem is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp. The municipality only comprises the town of Wommelgem proper. In 2021, Wommelgem had a total population of 12,991. The total area is 13.01 km².

text:
# Wommelgem

**Wommelgem** (Dutch pronunciation: \[ˈʋɔməlɣɛm\]) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp. The municipality only comprises the town of Wommelgem proper. In 2021, Wommelgem had a total population of 12,991. The total area is 13.01 km².

## Economy

**Wommelgem** is one of 25 municipalities within the Albert Canal economic network (Economisch Netwerk Albertkanaal).

The hardware store-chain Hubo Belgium is headquartered in **Wommelgem**.

## InfoBox

| Wommelgem | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Selsaete castle in Wommelgem | |
|  | |
| Location of Wommelgem | |
| WommelgemLocation in Belgium Location of Wommelgem in the province of Antwerp | |
| Coordinates: 51°12′N 04°31′E / 51.200°N 4.517°E / 51.200; 4.517 | |
| Country | Belgium |
| Community | Flemish Community |
| Region | Flemish Region |
| Province | Antwerp |
| Arrondissement | Antwerp |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Frank Gys (N-VA) |
| Governing party/ies | N-VA, Open Vld |
| Area | |
| Total | 12.99 km2 (5.02 sq mi) |
| Population (2018-01-01) | |
| Total | 12,893 |
| Density | 990/km2 (2,600/sq mi) |
| Postal codes | 2160 |
| NIS code | 11052 |
| Area codes | 03 |
| Website | www.wommelgem.be |


title: Muhammad Shafi Daudi

abstract: Muhammad Shafi Daudi was an Indian Muslim scholar and a politician, who was a member of the Central Legislative Assembly from 1924 to 1935.

text:
# Muhammad Shafi Daudi

**Muhammad Shafi Daudi** (27 October 1875 – 25 January 1949) was an Indian Muslim scholar and a politician, who was a member of the Central Legislative Assembly from 1924 to 1935.

## Early life and education

Muhammad Shafi Daudi was born in Daudnagar village of Bihar in 25 October 1875 to Sheikh Mohammad Hasan. He studied in various Madrassa including Darul Uloom Deoband.

## Personal life

Muhammad Shadi Daudi was married to Zubaida Daudi, a woman freedom fighter who joined Non-cooperation movement. They had 9 children together.

## Career

Daudi joined Indian National Congress in 1920 and also joined Swaraj Party in 1923.

Muzaffarpur district had become an important centre of the Non-Cooperation Movement. The colonial authorities decided to suppress the movement. On 30 October 1921 the Superintendent of Police entered in his diary that the people of Muzaffarpur have great trust in their leader Daudi. The same day the police raided Daudi’s house and arrested along with him Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi and Abdul Wadood.

He became President of Swaraj Party for Bihar. He participated in the 1923 Indian general election and was elected to the Central Legislative Assembly. He was its member from 1924 to 1935.

In 1928, when Nehru Report on constitutional reforms was adopted by the Indian National Congress. He vehemently opposed the report regarding it failed to provide rights to the minorities.

After the adaption of Nehru Report, He resigned from Indian National Congress along with other Muslim Leaders and founded the *All India Muslim Conference* on 31 October 1928 at Delhi. His party drafted a resolution which demanded a Federal System of Government with autonomy and residuary powers for the provinces and separate electorate for Muslims. This demand was later adapted by Muhammad Ali Jinnah in his Fourteen points.

He became the General Secretary of All India Muslim Conference in 1930.

In 1932, he merged his *All India Muslim Conference* with All India Muslim League. he was nominated as one of the permanent vice presidents of Muslim League along with Muhammad Iqbal and Shafaat Ahmed Khan by Aga Khan III on 15 February 1934.

In 1935, when Swaraj Party merged into Indian National Congress he did not join the Congress.

He also participated in 1937 Indian provincial election on the ticket of Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam.

## Death and legacy

He died on 25 January 1949 at his hometown Daudnagar.

A Statue was setup in memory of Shafi Daudi at the Tilak Maidan in Muzaffarpur, Bihar by All India Freedom Fighters Federation.

## Further reading

* Daudi, Obaid ur Rehman (2008). Akhtar, Payami (ed.). *Life and Times of Maulana Shafi Daudi: A valiant freedom fighter*. Karachi: Zain Publications. OCLC 671268020.

## InfoBox

| Muhammad Shafi Daudi | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Central Legislative Assembly | |
| **In office**
1924–1935 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 27 October 1875
Daudnagar, India |
| Died | 25 January 1949(1949-01-25) (aged 73)
Daudnagar, India |
| Political party |  |
| Alma mater | Darul Uloom Deoband |
|  | |


title: Muhammad Naeem (physicist)

abstract: Muhammad Naeem is a Pakistani nuclear scientist who was the chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC). He is also the current chairman of the Board of Governors of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS).

text:
# Muhammad Naeem (physicist)

**Muhammad Naeem** (born October 1, 1949) is a Pakistani nuclear scientist who was the chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC). He is also the current chairman of the Board of Governors of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS).

## InfoBox

| Muhammad Naeem | |
| --- | --- |
| Naeem in 2017 | |
| Born | (1949-10-01) October 1, 1949<br>Lahore, Pakistan |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Nuclear Engineering |
| Institutions | Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission |
|  | |


title: Muhammad Muzammilullah Khan

abstract: Nawab Sir Muhammad Muzammilullah Khan Sherwani, Khan Bahadur (1865–1935) was a noted zamindar and politician from the United Province of British India. He was former Vice Chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University. He was made one of the trustees of Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, Aligarh in 1886 and a fellow of Allahabad University. He was one of the Old Party leaders of All-India Muslim League and staunch opponent of Young Party faction. He was one of the signatories to the 1906 Muslim Memorial and was involved in 1909 agitation for separate electorates for Muslims and was among the member of all-India delegation of Muslims led by Sir Aga Khan III to meet with Viceroy Lord Minto in order to demand a separate Legislative Council for Muslims. He held his estate in Bhikampur in Aligarh district. He was nominated member of United Province Legislative Council for the years 1916-19. Also a member of Viceroy's Council of State and twice home member of United Province government. He served as Secretary of the Zamindars' Association, United Provinces and was also made Special magistrate by the government. He also served as president of UP Muslim Defense Association in 1917. He was born in noted Sherwani clan of Aligarh. He was made Khan Bahadur in 1904 and given personal title of the Nawab in 1910. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1919 New Year Honours, and invested as a Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire in the 1924 New Year Honours. He died in 1938.

text:
# Muhammad Muzammilullah Khan

**Nawab Sir Muhammad Muzammilullah Khan Sherwani**, Khan Bahadur KCIE OBE (1865–1935) was a noted zamindar and politician from the United Province of British India.

He was former Vice Chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University. He was made one of the trustees of Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, Aligarh in 1886 and a fellow of Allahabad University. He was one of the Old Party leaders of All-India Muslim League and staunch opponent of Young Party faction. He was one of the signatories to the 1906 Muslim Memorial and was involved in 1909 agitation for separate electorates for Muslims and was among the member of all-India delegation of Muslims led by Sir Aga Khan III to meet with Viceroy Lord Minto in order to demand a separate Legislative Council for Muslims. He held his estate in Bhikampur in Aligarh district.

He was nominated member of United Province Legislative Council for the years 1916-19. Also a member of Viceroy's Council of State and twice home member of United Province government.

He served as Secretary of the Zamindars' Association, United Provinces and was also made Special magistrate by the government. He also served as president of UP Muslim Defense Association in 1917. He was born in noted Sherwani clan of Aligarh.

He was made Khan Bahadur in 1904 and given personal title of the Nawab in 1910. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1919 New Year Honours, and invested as a Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire in the 1924 New Year Honours. He died in 1938.

## InfoBox

| Nawab SirMuhammad Muzammilullah Khan SherwaniKCIE OBE | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 1865 |
| Died | 1935 |
| Political party | All-India Muslim League |


title: Lehnar submachine gun

abstract: The Lehnar submachine gun is a submachine gun of Argentine origin. Dating to 1930, it is the first indigenously designed weapon of its type.

text:
# Lehnar submachine gun

The **Lehnar submachine gun** (Spanish: ***Subametralladora Lehnar***) is a submachine gun of Argentine origin. Dating to 1930, it is the first indigenously designed weapon of its type.

## Overview

The Lehnar submachine gun was developed by Juan Lehnar in Argentina. It was a selective-fire weapon that fired 9mm Parabellum rounds fed by a curved magazine inserted on the left side of the receiver. Its features included a magazine that could be turned upwards to make it more compact for transport and an underfolding stock that reduced the length from 700mm/27.5″ to 290mm/11.75″. The wood foregrip could also be made to lie flat under the forward end of the receiver. Only a single prototype was built.

## InfoBox

| Subametralladora Lehnar | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Submachine gun |
| Place of origin | Argentina |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Juan Lehnar |
| Designed | 1930 |
| No. built | 1 prototype |
| Specifications | |
| Cartridge | 9×19mm Parabellum |
| Caliber | 9 mm |
| Action | Blowback |


title: Wooden Toys of Varanasi

text:
# Wooden Toys of Varanasi

Wooden toy-making is a traditional craft in the Varanasi district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Bright and colourful lacquered toys are made by clusters of skilled craftsmen. These toys were given the Geographical Indication tag in 2014, along with other lacquer ware produced in this region.

## History

According to the craftsmen, their ancestors specialised in ivory carving that enjoyed good patronage during the reign of the Mughal emperors and the British. After ivory was banned by the Government of India, they shifted to woodcarving.

## Process of manufacture

Wooden logs are sourced from nearby areas such as the jungles of Chitrakoot and Sonbhadra. Keria (Coraiya) wood from Bihar was used earlier and it is still the preferred type of wood for toy-making. But after the government banned the cutting of Keria trees in the 1980s, the craftsmen switched to using the wood from eucalyptus, which is now used predominantly. Stacks of wooden logs can be seen stored outside the houses of the wood-carvers.

Pieces of wood are cut out from the logs according to the size of the toy that is to be made. Each piece is heated slowly to remove all the moisture from the wood. This process is time-consuming. The piece is sanded in order to smoothen its surface.

The wood is either hand-carved or shaped using lathe. Lathe is preferred for toys that are axially symmetric. In hand-carving, first the design of the toy is drawn on the wood. Then, the wood is sculpted with chisel and hammer according to the design. Once shaped, the surface of the toy is smoothened using a file and the toy is sent for painting.

Toys are given several coats of paint, and finished with a clear or coloured lacquer. Paint brushes made out of the hair from squirrel’s tail are used for painting fine lines.

Lacquering may also be done on a lathe. For slender and delicate items, hand-lathe is preferred. A lac stick is pressed against the toy which is fixed to the lathe. While the toy keeps revolving, the heat generated by friction softens the lac, making it stick to the toy.

## Geographical Indication Tag

Artisan groups from the region applied for the GI tag in September 2013 and their request was granted in November 2014.


title: Lehner Grain-and-Cider Mill and House

abstract: The Lehner Grain-and-Cider Mill and House is a historic American structure located at 548 and 560 Penn Street in Verona, Pennsylvania. Built circa 1895, It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 24, 1996.

text:
# Lehner Grain-and-Cider Mill and House

**The Lehner Grain-and-Cider Mill and House** is a historic American structure located at 548 and 560 Penn Street in Verona, Pennsylvania. Built circa 1895, It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 24, 1996.

## History and architectural features

Charles Lehner, who built the mill, and his wife, Mary Magdalene Huber, emigrated from Austria to Pittsburgh's North Side and later to Verona. The mill began operating in 1896. Lehner died in 1908 and the mill was run by his son Joseph until 1920 when he died, forcing his wife of three daughters to sell it.

Christine Davis Consultants, who work in archeological studies and historic preservation, bought the mill in the 1990s.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 24, 1996.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Lehner Grain-and-Cider Mill and House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 548 and 560 Penn Street, Verona, Pennsylvania, USA |
| Coordinates | 40°30′13.2″N 79°50′45.5″W / 40.503667°N 79.845972°W / 40.503667; -79.845972 |
| Built | circa 1895 |
| NRHP reference No. | 96001202 |
| Added to NRHP | October 24, 1996 |


title: World Pool League

abstract: The World Pool League (WPL) was a nine ball pool tournament promoted by Matchroom Sport and PartyGaming, and sanctioned by the World Pool-Billiard Association (WPA). All of the events were held in Warsaw, Poland, annually from 1999 to 2006. Six notable players were selected to participate in each event, which lasted for three days. Despite its name, the events were invitational tournaments, not a league in the usual sporting senses. The victor in the final event was Dennis Orcollo of the Philippines, 8–5 over Niels Feijen of the Netherlands, for a US$20,000 first-place prize.

text:
# World Pool League

The **World Pool League** (**WPL**) was a nine ball pool tournament promoted by Matchroom Sport and PartyGaming, and sanctioned by the World Pool-Billiard Association (WPA). All of the events were held in Warsaw, Poland, annually from 1999 to 2006. Six notable players were selected to participate in each event, which lasted for three days. Despite its name, the events were invitational tournaments, not a league in the usual sporting senses. The victor in the final event was Dennis Orcollo of the Philippines, 85 over Niels Feijen of the Netherlands, for a US$20,000 first-place prize.

## Format

### Round robin stage

The players were arranged such that each on the others once, in round-robin fashion. Unlike most matches in the sport where a player has to score a required number of racks to win, players in this round play in an assigned number of racks (for example: 10 racks or 12 racks). If a player won more racks than those remaining in the match, 2 points were earned. If the match ended with two players in the same score, then both settled for a point each. The leading 4 players in the field proceeded to the semi-finals.

### Semi-finals and final

The semi-finals were single-elimination (knock-out). The final was played as a race (such as race-to-nine or race-to-eight).

## Winners

| Year | Location | Winner | runner-up |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1998 | Warsaw,<br>Poland | Jim Rempe | Fabio Petroni |
| 1999 | | Jim Rempe (2) | Efren Reyes |
| 2000 | | Steve Knight | Francisco Bustamante |
| 2001 | | Efren Reyes | Steve Davis |
| 2002 | | Efren Reyes (2) | Earl Strickland |
| 2003 | | Rodney Morris | Thorsten Hohmann |
| 2004 | | Francisco Bustamante | Alex Pagulayan |
| 2005 | | Thorsten Hohmann | Francisco Bustamante |
| 2006 | | Dennis Orcollo | Niels Feijen |


title: Lene Brøndum

abstract: Lene Brøndum is a Danish actress. At the 23rd Guldbagge Awards she won the award for Best Actress for her role in Hip Hip Hurrah! She has appeared in more than 35 films and television shows since 1976.

text:
# Lene Brøndum

**Lene Brøndum** (born 26 June 1947) is a Danish actress. At the 23rd Guldbagge Awards she won the award for Best Actress for her role in *Hip Hip Hurrah!* She has appeared in more than 35 films and television shows since 1976.

## Selected filmography

## InfoBox

| Lene Brøndum | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1947-06-26) 26 June 1947<br>Denmark |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1976-present |


title: Lena Wilson

abstract: Lena Wilson was an American blues singer who performed in the classic female blues style. An African-American, Wilson performed in vaudeville with her brother Danny and his wife, Edith Wilson in the late 1910s and 1920s. Wilson made numerous recordings in the 1920s as a solo artist, for labels such as Black Swan, Paramount, Pathé, Victor, and Vocalion.

text:
# Lena Wilson

**Lena Wilson** (c. 1898  c. 1939) was an American blues singer who performed in the classic female blues style. An African-American, Wilson performed in vaudeville with her brother Danny and his wife, Edith Wilson in the late 1910s and 1920s. Wilson made numerous recordings in the 1920s as a solo artist, for labels such as Black Swan, Paramount, Pathé, Victor, and Vocalion.

## Life and career

Wilson was born in Charlotte, North Carolina. She was an adopted child. About 1918–1920 she sang with her brother Danny Wilson as a vaudeville act on the Theater Owners Booking Association circuit in the South. In 1921, they performed in Louisville, Kentucky, on a bill with Edith Goodall, who soon married Danny and joined their act. Danny, a pianist who had been trained at a conservatory in Charleston, South Carolina, encouraged Lena and Edith to sing not just blues but also other song forms.

Wilson's major recordings were made between 1922 and 1924 and in 1930. She variously worked with the Nubian Five, Perry Bradford's Jazz Phools, Conaway's Rag Pickers, Fletcher Henderson, Johnny Dunn's Jazz Hounds, Danny Wilson and Edith Wilson. Additionally, she recorded under her own name with the Jazz Hounds, an ensemble featuring Gus Aiken on trumpet, Garvin Bushell on clarinet, Herb Fleming on trombone, John Mitchell on banjo, and Porter Grainger and Cliff Jackson on piano. Among her recordings are "Memphis, Tennessee", "Tain't Nobody's Biz-ness if I Do", "Chiropractor Blues", and "Love Ain't Blind No More".

Wilson sang in many Harlem musical revues throughout the 1920s. She married the violinist Shrimp Jones in the 1930s. She remained a regular performer in New York City into the mid-1930s. She died, reportedly of pneumonia, in New York, about 1939.


title: World Pool Masters

abstract: The World Pool Masters is an annual international nine-ball tournament. Formerly, it was called the European Pool Masters until players from other parts of the globe were invited.

text:
# World Pool Masters

The **World Pool Masters** is an annual international nine-ball tournament. Formerly, it was called the **European Pool Masters** (until 1995) until players from other parts of the globe were invited.

## History

Throughout much of its history, the tournament has been featuring sixteen world-class pool players, competing in single-elimination format. In 2010, the number of players was doubled to 32. The first round of the event was played in double elimination with the second round in single-elimination.

In 2011, the tournament reverted to the original 16-player single-elimination format, with each match a race-to-8, winner breaks. The 2011 edition was held in SM North EDSA Mall in Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines. Ralf Souquet of Germany won the said tournament for the record-setting sixth time, beating defending champion Dennis Orcollo of the Philippines, 8–5.

For the 2019 World Pool Masters, the field was changed to accompany 24 players, with seeded players being given a bye through the first round. The 2022 World Pool Masters went back to its original format, inviting 16 players, with 8 seeded players meeting the other 8 in the first round of the single-elimination tournament.

## Winners

| Date | Location | Winner | Runner-up | Final score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1993 | Plymouth, England | Werner Duregger | Ralf Souquet | 2–1 (sets) |
| 1994 | Doncaster, England | Ralf Souquet | Jimmy White | 2–1 (sets) |
| 1995 | Blackpool, England | Daryl Peach | Lee Kendall | 2–0 (sets) |
| 1996 | Blackpool, England | Ralf Souquet (2) | Vincent Facquet | 2–1 (sets) |
| 1997 | Thurrock, England | Earl Strickland | Tommy Donlon | 2–1 (sets) |
| 1998 | Thurrock, England | Francisco Bustamante | Ralf Souquet | 11–9 |
| 1999 | Thurrock, England | Alex Lely | Efren Reyes | 7–5 |
| 2000 | Thurrock, England | Ralf Souquet (3) | Alex Lely | 7–3 |
| 2001 | Thurrock, England | Francisco Bustamante (2) | Earl Strickland | 7–6 |
| 2002 | Milton Keynes, England | Ralf Souquet (4) | Efren Reyes | 9–4 |
| 2003 | Egmond, Netherlands | Tony Drago | Hsia Hui-kai | 8–6 |
| 2004 | Egmond, Netherlands | Thomas Engert | Oliver Ortmann | 8–6 |
| 2005 | Doncaster, England | Raj Hundal | Rodney Morris | 8–7 |
| 2006 | Egmond, Netherlands | Ralf Souquet (5) | Alex Pagulayan | 8–4 |
| 2007 | Egmond, Netherlands | Thomas Engert (2) | David Alcaide | 8–5 |
| 2008 | Las Vegas, United States | Alex Pagulayan | Mika Immonen | 8–6 |
| 2009 | Las Vegas, United States | Darren Appleton | Nick van den Berg | 8–4 |
| 2010 | Las Vegas, United States | Dennis Orcollo | Toru Kuribayashi | 8–3 |
| 2011 | Quezon City, Philippines | Ralf Souquet (6) | Dennis Orcollo | 8–5 |
| 2012 | Kielce, Poland | Karol Skowerski | Mateusz Śniegocki | 8–6 |
| 2013 | Barnsley, England | Niels Feijen | Darren Appleton | 8–6 |
| 2014 | Nottingham, England | Shane Van Boening | Nikos Ekonomopoulos | 8–2 |
| 2015 | Manchester, England | Shane Van Boening (2) | Darren Appleton | 8–2 |
| 2017 | Victoria Stadium, Gibraltar | David Alcaide | Jayson Shaw | 8–7 |
| 2018 | Victoria Stadium, Gibraltar | Niels Feijen (2) | Shane Van Boening | 8–4 |
| 2019 | Victoria Stadium, Gibraltar | David Alcaide (2) | Alexander Kazakis | 9–8 |
| 2020 | Not held due to the COVID-19 pandemic | | | |
| 2021 | Europa Sports Park, Gibraltar | Alexander Kazakis | Shane Van Boening | 9–0 |
| 2022 | Europa Sports Park, Gibraltar | Joshua Filler | Lo Ho Sum | 9–6 |
| 2023 | Brentwood, England | Ko Pin-yi | Eklent Kaçi | 13–5 |
| 2024 | Hildesheim, Germany | Fedor Gorst | Joshua Filler | 13–12 |

### Records

* Ralf Souquet holds the record for winning the World Pool Masters the most times: six. (1994, 1996, 2000, 2002, 2006, 2011).
* Shane Van Boening holds the record for the most consecutive wins: two. (2014, 2015).
* The oldest pool player to ever win the tournament to date is Ralf Souquet of Germany, at 42 years old at the time of his victory. The youngest is Daryl Peach of United Kingdom, aged 23 years old at the time of his victory.

## Top Performers

| Name | Nationality | Winner | Runner-up | Finals | Semi-final<br>or better |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ralf Souquet | Germany | 6 | 2 | 8 | 8 |
| **Shane Van Boening** | United States | 2 | | 4 | 5 |
| **David Alcaide** | Spain | | 1 | 3 | 3 |
| Francisco Bustamante | Philippines | | 0 | | 2 |
| **Niels Feijen** | Netherlands | | | 4 |
| Thomas Engert | Germany | | | 3 |
| Darren Appleton | England | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| Alex Pagulayan | Canada | | 1 | 2 | 5 |
| Earl Strickland | United States | | | 4 |
| Alex Lely | Netherlands | | | 3 |
| Dennis Orcollo | Philippines | | |
| **Alexander Kazakis** | Greece | | | 2 |
| **Ko Pin-yi** | Chinese Taipei | | 1 | 3 |
| **Fedor Gorst** | United States | | 1 | 1 |

* Active participants are shown in **bold**.
* In the event of identical records, players are sorted in alphabetical order by first name.


title: Lena Water Tower

abstract: The Lena Water Tower is a water tower located in the village of Lena, Illinois, United States. It was built in 1896 following two decades of problems with structure fires in the village. The current water tower is the result of a second attempt after the first structure proved to be unstable. The tower stands 122.5 feet (37.3 m) tall and is built of limestone and red brick. The current stainless steel water tank holds 50,000 gallons and replaced the original wooden tank in 1984. The site has two other structures, an old power plant building and a 100,000 US gallon reservoir. The Lena Electric Plant Building was constructed in 1905 and the reservoir completed in 1907. The Lena Water Tower was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1997; the reservoir was included as a contributing property to the listing.

text:
# Lena Water Tower

The **Lena Water Tower** is a water tower located in the village of Lena, Illinois, United States. It was built in 1896 following two decades of problems with structure fires in the village. The current water tower is the result of a second attempt after the first structure proved to be unstable. The tower stands 122.5 feet (37.3 ) tall and is built of limestone and red brick. The current stainless steel water tank holds 50,000 gallons (190,000 liters) and replaced the original wooden tank in 1984. The site has two other structures, an old power plant building and a 100,000 US gallon (380,000 L) reservoir. The Lena Electric Plant Building was constructed in 1905 and the reservoir completed in 1907. The Lena Water Tower was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1997; the reservoir was included as a contributing property to the listing.

## History

The need for a water tower in Lena was the topic of newspaper editorials many years before the current structure was actually built in 1896. In the early 1870s fires struck a stable, a warehouse, a rural school and several houses in and around Lena. The 1871 Great Chicago Fire induced a sense of panic among many Illinoisians, including those in the village of Lena. In 1874 fire nearly destroyed the freight house and depot owned by the Illinois Central Railroad in Lena. The fires continued through the 1870s and 1880s and the *Lena Star* editorials led the crusade to build a water tower.

The week of June 14, 1895 workers began drilling for the new reservoir and water tower. The drill reached 400 feet (121.9 m) in depth and became stuck. It was not freed until October 1895 and work crews were forced to work double shifts to compensate. The tower structure itself began rising by early November when disaster struck the project. As a rock was being hoisted up the tower it crashed to the ground ripping through the first two floors of the structure. When a winter thaw hit the area on December 25 the mortar on the building began to crumble; the unseasonable thaw had weakened poorly mixed mortar. Citizens were outraged and blamed the newspaper for pushing the tower so furiously. The paper, in turn, blamed the faulty work of the contractor; the foundation was not large enough to support the mass of the tower structure.

In June 1896 village trustees voted to hire U.S. Wind, Engine and Pump Company from Batavia, Illinois to demolish the unstable water tower and rebuild it with a properly founded structure. On June 19, 1896 the company arrived to demolish the old structure and begin laying a new foundation using Portland cement. The tower had risen 35 feet (10.7 m) by July and by September the brick portion of the facade was completed at 100 feet (30.5 m). By October 1896 the cypress water tank was installed atop the Lena Water Tower.

## Design

The Lena Water Tower is situated on a triangular section of land in the village of Lena, Illinois, located in western Stephenson County approximately 38 miles (61 km) east of Galena, Illinois. It is 22 feet (6.7 m) wide at its base and rises to a height of 122.5 feet (37.3 m). The first 56 feet (17.1 m) of the structure was constructed from limestone blocks, each block measures 24 inches (61 cm) by 30 inches (76 cm). Six stone buttresses flank the first 50 feet (15.2 m) of the water tower as well. The 44 feet (13.4 m) beyond the limestone portion of the facade is faced in red brick. The limestone was quarried east of the village.

Atop the brick of the current Lena Water Tower is a stainless steel tank which is held in place only by the weight of the water inside. The current tank replaced the old wooden water tank in 1984 and is painted black with "LENA" spelled out in large yellow letters across its face. The tank is 22.5 feet (6.9 m) tall and 18.6 feet (5.7 m) in diameter; it holds 50,000 gallons (189,271 ) of water and is ringed by a metal catwalk.

## Other structures

### Lena Electric Light Plant Building

There is one building on the Lena Water Tower site. The Electric Light Plant Building was constructed in 1905 by the Benfield Brothers for developer W.M. Arnold and it housed the Lena Electric Light Plant. By 1920 the building had two additions; in 1912 a brick addition was added to the building's south elevation to house a steam engine and boiler, the 1920 addition was of brick and on the Electric Plant's north elevation.

The hip roof is clad in asphalt shingles while the wooden soffits have been covered with aluminum, another of the alterations through the years. The original structure featured doors and windows that have since been bricked over and altered. From east to west on the original south elevation was a 7.5 feet (2.29 m) by 10 feet (3.05 m) doorway, four windows, a doorway, another door, and two windows. The north and west facades had two windows and the south elevation another large doorway. In 1978 Pierce Construction of Lena was hired to completely or partially brick over all doors and windows on the building. A new windowed, wooden door was installed in a new opening on the east facade of the Electric Plant.

The building had two more additions in 1982. A red brick addition with an 18 feet (5.49 m) by 15 feet (4.57 m) garage door was added to the north elevation and a shed addition with a 9 feet (2.74 m) by 7 feet (2.13 m) garage door was added to the southeast elevation, both built in 1982.

### Reservoir

The on site reservoir was completed in 1907 and is connected to the old Electric Plant Building through two 15 feet (4.57 m) cast iron pipes. The 100,000 gallon (378,541 L) reservoir is constructed from concrete and features a roof of wood and metal.

## Significance

The Lena Water Tower has been in continuous service since it was built in 1896 and is the tallest structure in the village. Its role in providing the citizens of Lena with water services beginning in 1896 is the primary reason the structure was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on February 20, 1997. Included in the listing to the National Register was the reservoir, which was added as a contributing property. The Electric Plant Building, however, was not included in the listing because of the large number of modern alterations it has undergone. The Lena Water Tower is believed to be one of three in the state of Illinois designed and built of similar construction and has become a symbol of the village of Lena.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Lena Water Tower | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Lena, Stephenson County, Illinois, USA |
| Coordinates | 42°22′51″N 89°49′37″W / 42.38083°N 89.82694°W / 42.38083; -89.82694 |
| Area | \<1 acre (0.4 ha) |
| Built | 1896 |
| NRHP reference No. | 97000034 |
| Added to NRHP | February 20, 1997 |


title: Lelo Mbele

abstract: Blaise Lelo Mbele is a Congolese former professional footballer who played as a striker. Lelo played for different professional clubs such as South African club Orlando Pirates and Saudi Arabian club Al-Hilal FC.

text:
# Lelo Mbele

**Blaise Lelo Mbele** (born 10 August 1987) is a Congolese former professional footballer who played as a striker. Lelo played for different professional clubs such as South African club Orlando Pirates and Saudi Arabian club Al-Hilal FC.

## Club career

Mbele helped CS Sfaxien win the CAF Confederation Cup.

On 29 November 2007, Mbele signed with Al Hilal of Saudi Arabia for a fee of $25000 per month to the player and $1.2M to his former club.

He made his Saudi Premier League debut for Al Hilal in a 1–0 away win over Al Watani on 5 December 2007. His first goal for Al Hilal came in a 2–0 victory against Al Ittifaq on 10 December 2007.

In 2008, he joined Tunisian side Espérance.

In January 2009, Mbele signed with Sudanese club Al-Hilal for $1 million deal on a three-year contract. The player's agent cited the financial strength and success of the Al-Hilal to be the favoring deciding factors that made Mbele choose the Sudanese club. He did not have a good season with Al Hilal so Al Nasr of Libya choose to buy him.

On 12 July 2011, Mbele signed with Kuwaiti club Al Naser. On 28 July 2011, Al Naser terminated their contract with Mbele after he ruptured a muscle.

After being a free agent for four months, he eventually joined the Malaysian club, Selangor FA in a two-year contract alongside Lebanese international, Ramez Dayoub. However, due to his injury, Lelo did not manage to play for any games with Selangor and later was released by the Football Association of Selangor.

On 13 August 2012, Mbele signed for Algerian club MC Alger for a two-year contract.

Bahrain became his fifteenth footballing country when he joined Al-Ahli Club.

In 2017, Mbele moved to India after signing with newly formed I-League club Gokulam Kerala.

## International career

Mbele was a member of the DR Congo national team at the 2006 African Nations Cup, which progressed to the quarter-finals, where it were eliminated by Egypt, which won the tournament.

*Scores and results list DR Congo's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Mbele goal.*

List of international goals scored by Lelo Mbele
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 3 September 2006 | Stade des Martyrs, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo | Namibia | 1–0 | 3–2 | 2008 African Cup of Nations qualification |  |

## InfoBox

Lelo Mbele
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Blaise Lelo Mbele | | |
| Date of birth | (1987-08-10) 10 August 1987 | | |
| Place of birth | Kalemie, Zaire | | |
| Height | 1.74 m (5 ft 9 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Striker | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2003–2004 | AS Vita Club | 32 | (19) |
| 2004–2005 | Zulu Royals | 29 | (7) |
| 2005–2007 | Orlando Pirates | 31 | (7) |
| 2007 | CS Sfaxien |  |  |
| 2007–2008 | Al-Hilal | 7 | (2) |
| 2008–2009 | Espérance | 1 | (0) |
| 2009–2010 | Al-Hilal Omdurman |  |  |
| 2010–2011 | Al-Nasr Benghazi |  |  |
| 2011 | Al-Nasr |  |  |
| 2011 | Şanlıurfaspor |  |  |
| 2011–2012 | Selangor FA | 0 | (0) |
| 2012–2014 | MC Alger | 5 | (0) |
| 2012–2013 | CA Batna (loan) | 4 | (0) |
| 2014–2015 | Petro Atlético | 4 | (0) |
| 2015–2016 | DC Motema Pembe | 15 | (8) |
| 2016–2017 | Baf Ülkü Yurdu | 15 | (2) |
| 2017 | Gokulam Kerala | 3 | (0) |
| 2018 | Al-Ahli |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 2004–2013 | DR Congo | 13 | (1) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Lelo Nazario

abstract: Lelo Nazario is a Composer, arranger, pianist, producer and musical director whose work is marked by experimentation and timelessness. Recognized in his native Brazil and abroad as the creator of a unique style that blends contemporary classical music and jazz with avant-garde forms and Brazilian motifs, he wrote award-winning music which includes works for piano, orchestra and ensembles of various configurations as well as electroacoustic music, film scores, television, opera, dance and theater. Born in São Paulo in 1956, he began his piano studies piano at age 4, and later studied with pianist Menininha Lobo. A passion for the avant-garde styles came at an early age, and at age 17, he was invited to the group of Hermeto Pascoal along with his brother, drummer Ze Eduardo Nazario. The brothers and the bassist, Zeca Assumpção, formed what became known as “The S. Paulo Rhythm Section” of the Hermeto group until 1977. In search of his own musical style, he formed the Grupo UM in 1976, using bold and dense sound experiments to create an original repertoire that combined acoustic music and Brazilian rhythms in a contemporary musical structure. With the Grupo, he released three albums, including Marcha Sobre A Cidade (1979), the first instrumental album issued in Brazil and considered one of the most important records of the history of Brazilian instrumental music. During this same time, he also led the Symmetric Ensemble, trying new sounds in a non-conventional formation. In 1980, he created the Utopia Studio, where he developed pioneering experiments and music that blurred the boundaries between popular forms, producing his first solo albums: Lagrima / Sursolide suite (1982), Discurso aos Objetos / Balada Unidimensional (1984) and "Se..." (1989). Between 1989 and 2000, he joined the Pau Brazil group, with which he recorded four albums, among them Pau Brasil & Hermeto Pascoal (1994) and Babel (1996), which won the Sharp Award for Best Instrumental Group of the Year and also won the 1998 Grammy nomination in the Jazz category. In partnership with the group, he composed the Opera dos 500, by Naum Alves de Souza, staged on the occasion of the 500 years of America in Teatro Municipal de São Paulo. He created original soundtracks for short and feature films such as Anchieta José do Brazil, in partnership with Marlui Miranda, Hans Staden, and Luiz A. Pereira, which received the award for best soundtrack at the Film Festival of Brasília in 2000. He worked with choreographers such as Takao Kusuno, Claudia de Souza and Germaine Acogny. Commissioned by the Symphonic Band of São Paulo (BSESP), he composed Limite (1990) and Aurora (1996), for symphonic band, electronic keyboards, prerecorded sounds and percussion. The works were presented by BSESP, with the Duo Nazario, at the Teatro Municipal of Rio de Janeiro in Memorial da América Latina, in São Paulo, and the Conference World Association for Symphonic Bands and Ensembles, Austria. Along with Zé Eduardo and guitarist Felipe Avila, he formed the Percussonica group in 1998, which recorded two CDs. Following with his solo work, he released the album Simples (1998) and Africasiamerica (2006), described as one of the top 10 instrumental CDs of the year by critic Arnaldo DeSouteiro. As musical director and arranger, he has performed in concerts and albums, including Garoto, by Paul Bellinati; Mundo, by Rodolfo Stroeter; Paiter Merewá: Suruí de Rondonia, by Marlui Miranda; Authentic South America: The Brazilian Amazon Rainforest Music and Trampolim, by Monica Salmaso and Universos Sonoros para Violão e Tape, by Daniel Murray. As a pianist and keyboardist, he participated in numerous works by other composers, performers and groups. Traveling with assurance and sensitivity between new classical and jazz, Lelo Nazario is considered a virtuoso on the keyboards and a composer with a deep understanding of contemporary music, jazz and traditional Brazilian rhythms. In a career of over 30 years, he toured Europe and the United States and worked with great names of classical and jazz music including Almeida Prado, Hermeto Pascoal, conductors Roberto Farias and Gil Jardim, Edu Lobo, Gilberto Gil, Naná Vasconcelos, John Scofield, Toninho Horta, Mauro Senise, Márcio Montarroyos, Hector Costita, Benjamin Taubkin, Roberto Sion, Zeca Assumpção, Toninho Carrasqueira, Jon H. Appleton, among many others.

text:
# Lelo Nazario

**Lelo Nazario** is a Composer, arranger, pianist, producer and musical director whose work is marked by experimentation and timelessness. Recognized in his native Brazil and abroad as the creator of a unique style that blends contemporary classical music and jazz with avant-garde forms and Brazilian motifs, he wrote award-winning music which includes works for piano, orchestra and ensembles of various configurations as well as electroacoustic music, film scores, television, opera, dance and theater.

Born in São Paulo in 1956, he began his piano studies piano at age 4, and later studied with pianist Menininha Lobo. A passion for the avant-garde styles came at an early age, and at age 17, he was invited to the group of Hermeto Pascoal along with his brother, drummer Ze Eduardo Nazario. The brothers and the bassist, Zeca Assumpção, formed what became known as “The S. Paulo Rhythm Section” of the Hermeto group until 1977.

In search of his own musical style, he formed the Grupo UM in 1976, using bold and dense sound experiments to create an original repertoire that combined acoustic music and Brazilian rhythms in a contemporary musical structure. With the Grupo, he released three albums, including Marcha Sobre A Cidade (1979), the first instrumental album issued in Brazil and considered one of the most important records of the history of Brazilian instrumental music. During this same time, he also led the Symmetric Ensemble (two pianos and two basses), trying new sounds in a non-conventional formation.

In 1980, he created the Utopia Studio, where he developed pioneering experiments and music that blurred the boundaries between popular forms, producing his first solo albums: Lagrima / Sursolide suite (1982), Discurso aos Objetos / Balada Unidimensional (1984) and "Se ..." (1989).

Between 1989 and 2000, he joined the Pau Brazil group, with which he recorded four albums, among them Pau Brasil & Hermeto Pascoal (1994) and Babel (1996), which won the Sharp Award for Best Instrumental Group of the Year and also won the 1998 Grammy nomination in the Jazz category. In partnership with the group, he composed the Opera dos 500, by Naum Alves de Souza, staged on the occasion of the 500 years of America in Teatro Municipal de São Paulo.

He created original soundtracks for short and feature films such as *Anchieta José do Brazil* (Sergio G. Saraceni), in partnership with Marlui Miranda, Hans Staden, and Luiz A. Pereira, which received the award for best soundtrack at the Film Festival of Brasília in 2000. He worked with choreographers such as Takao Kusuno, Claudia de Souza and Germaine Acogny.

Commissioned by the Symphonic Band of São Paulo (BSESP), he composed Limite (1990) and Aurora (1996), for symphonic band, electronic keyboards, prerecorded sounds and percussion. The works were presented by BSESP, with the Duo Nazario (formed with his brother Zé Eduardo), at the Teatro Municipal of Rio de Janeiro (at the Bienal de Musica Contemporânea) in Memorial da América Latina, in São Paulo, and the Conference World Association for Symphonic Bands and Ensembles, Austria.

Along with Zé Eduardo and guitarist Felipe Avila, he formed the Percussonica group in 1998, which recorded two CDs. Following with his solo work, he released the album Simples (1998) and Africasiamerica (2006), described as one of the top 10 instrumental CDs of the year by critic Arnaldo DeSouteiro.

As musical director and arranger, he has performed in concerts and albums, including Garoto, by Paul Bellinati; Mundo, by Rodolfo Stroeter; Paiter Merewá: Suruí de Rondonia, by Marlui Miranda; Authentic South America: The Brazilian Amazon Rainforest Music (Sonoton, Germany) and Trampolim, by Monica Salmaso and Universos Sonoros para Violão e Tape, by Daniel Murray. As a pianist and keyboardist, he participated in numerous works by other composers, performers and groups.

Traveling with assurance and sensitivity between new classical and jazz, Lelo Nazario is considered a virtuoso on the keyboards and a composer with a deep understanding of contemporary music, jazz and traditional Brazilian rhythms.

In a career of over 30 years, he toured Europe and the United States and worked with great names of classical and jazz music including Almeida Prado, Hermeto Pascoal, conductors Roberto Farias and Gil Jardim, Edu Lobo, Gilberto Gil, Naná Vasconcelos, John Scofield, Toninho Horta, Mauro Senise, Márcio Montarroyos, Hector Costita, Benjamin Taubkin, Roberto Sion, Zeca Assumpção, Toninho Carrasqueira, Jon H. Appleton, among many others.