abstract: February 23 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - February 25 All fixed commemorations below are observed on March 9 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar. For February 24th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on February 11.

text:
# February 24 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

February 23 \- Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar \- February 25

All fixed commemorations below are observed on *March 9 (March 8 on leap years)* by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For February 24th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on *February 11*.

## Feast

## Saints

## Pre-Schism Western saints

## Post-Schism Orthodox saints

## Other commemorations

* Uncovering of the relics (1486) of St. Romanus, Prince of Uglich (1285)

1. February 24 / March 9. Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).
2. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) *Εὕρεσις Τιμίας κεφαλῆς τοῦ Ἁγίου Προφήτου, προδρόμου καὶ βαπτιστοῦ Ἰωάννη.* 24 Φεβρουαρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
3. (in Greek) Συναξαριστής. *24 Φεβρουαρίου.* ECCLESIA.GR. (H ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ).
4. *First and second finding of the Honorable Head of the Holy Glorious Prophet, Forerunner, and Baptist of the Lord, John.* OCA - Lives of the Saints.
5. (in Russian) 24 февраля (ст.ст.) 9 марта 2014 (нов. ст.) Archived 2014-11-08 at the Wayback Machine. Русская Православная Церковь Отдел внешних церковных связей. (DECR).
6. *The Roman Martyrology.* Transl. by the Archbishop of Baltimore. Last Edition, According to the Copy Printed at Rome in 1914. Revised Edition, with the Imprimatur of His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons. Baltimore: John Murphy Company, 1916. pp. 57-58.
7. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) *Ὁ Ὅσιος Ἰωάννης ὁ Θεριστὴς ὁ ἐν Καλαβρίᾳ.* 24 Φεβρουαρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
8. February 24. Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome.
9. (in Italian) *Monastero San Giovanni Theristis.* Ortodossia Cristiana. Retrieved: 13 November, 2014.
10. March 9 / February 24. Holy Trinity Russian Orthodox Church (A parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow).
11. Rev. Sabine Baring-Gould (M.A.). "SS. MONTANUS, LUCIUS, JULIAN, AND COMP., MM. (A.D. 259.)." In: *The Lives of the Saints.* Volume the Second: February. London: John C. Nimmo, 1897. p. 395-401.
12. Rev. Sabine Baring-Gould (M.A.). "S. PRÆTEXTATUS OF ROUEN, B. M. (A.D. 586.)." In: *The Lives of the Saints.* Volume the Second: February. London: John C. Nimmo, 1897. p. 402-406.
13. Sir William Smith. *LIUDHARDUS.* In: A Dictionary of Christian Biography, Literature, Sects and Doctrines. Volume III - Hermogenes-Myensis. London, 1882. Page 731.
14. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) *Ὁ Ἅγιος Ἐθελμπέρτος βασιλιὰς τῆς Ἀγγλίας.* 24 Φεβρουαρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
15. Rev. Richard Stanton. *A Menology of England and Wales, or, Brief Memorials of the Ancient British and English Saints Arranged According to the Calendar, Together with the Martyrs of the 16th and 17th Centuries.* London: Burns & Oates, 1892. p. 83-84.
16. Rev. Sabine Baring-Gould (M.A.). "S. ETHELBERT, K. C. (A.D. 616.)." In: *The Lives of the Saints.* Volume the Second: February. London: John C. Nimmo, 1897. p. 406-409.
17. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) *Ὁ Ὅσιος Μποϊζὶλ ἐκ Σκωτίας.* 24 Φεβρουαρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
18. Very Rev. John O'Hanlon. "ARTICLE I.—ST. CUMMINEUS ALBUS, CUIMINE AILBE, OR FIONN, ABBOT OF IONA, SCOTLAND. \[SEVENTH CENTURY\]." In: *Lives of the Irish Saints: With Special Festivals, and the Commemorations of Holy Persons.* VOL. II. Dublin, 1875. pp. 689-695.
19. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) *Ὁ Ὅσιος Ἔρασμος ἐκ Ρωσίας.* 24 Φεβρουαρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
20. *Venerable Erasmus of the Kiev Near Caves.* OCA - Lives of the Saints.

## Sources

**Greek Sources**

**Russian Sources**


title: Feige

abstract:
Feige is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
  - Claude Feige, French curler
  - David Feige, American lawyer, legal commentator and author
  - Eric Feige, American politician
  - Gerhard Feige, bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Magdeburg, Germany
  - Guido Benno Feige (1937–2007), German lichenologist and botanist
  - Hans Feige (1880–1953), German General der Infantrie in the Wehrmacht during World War II
  - Jasmin Feige (1959–1988), West German long and high jumper
  - Julius Feige (1861-1918), American businessman and politician
  - Kevin Feige, American film producer
  - Uriel Feige, Israeli computer scientist

text:
# Feige

**Feige** is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

* Claude Feige (born 1958), French curler
* David Feige, American lawyer, legal commentator and author
* Eric Feige (born 1961), American politician
* Gerhard Feige (born 1951), bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Magdeburg, Germany
* Guido Benno Feige (1937–2007), German lichenologist and botanist
* Hans Feige (1880–1953), German General der Infantrie in the Wehrmacht during World War II
* Jasmin Feige (1959–1988), West German long and high jumper
* Julius Feige (1861-1918), American businessman and politician
* Kevin Feige (born 1973), American film producer
* Uriel Feige, Israeli computer scientist

* Chang Fei, Taiwanese singer and television personality (nicknamed Fei Ge)


title: Feidong railway station

abstract: Feidong railway station is a closed railway station in Feidong County, Hefei, Anhui, China. The railway station closed on 11 October 2023 and will reopen when North Riverside high-speed railway opens.

text:
# Feidong railway station

**Feidong railway station** (Chinese: 肥东站; pinyin: *Féidōng zhàn*) is a closed railway station in Feidong County, Hefei, Anhui, China. The railway station closed on 11 October 2023 and will reopen when North Riverside high-speed railway opens.

## History

Feidong railway station was built with the Hefei–Nanjing railway. The line opened on 18 April 2008 however the intermediate stations, including Feidong, did not open until 1 May.

Passenger service was suspended from 16 April 2017 to allow the station to be rebuilt.

On 28 June 2020 the station reopened with the second phase of the Shangqiu–Hangzhou high-speed railway.

The railway station closed on 11 October 2023 and will reopen when North Riverside high-speed railway opens.

## Metro station

It will be connected to Feidong metro station on Line 2 (East extension) of Hefei Metro.

| Preceding station | China Railway High-speed | | | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Hefei Southtowards Shangqiu |  | Shangqiu–Hangzhou high-speed railway |  | Zhegaotowards Tonglu |

## InfoBox

| Feidong
肥东 | |
| --- | --- |
| The station in 2016 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Feidong County, Hefei, Anhui
China |
| Coordinates | 31°51′50″N 117°28′48″E / 31.864°N 117.480°E / 31.864; 117.480 |
| Line(s) | Closed for renovation |
| History | |
| Opened | May 1, 2008 (2008-05-01) |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Federal Government Girls College, Oyo

abstract: Federal Government Girls College, Oyo is a Federal Government owned secondary school, run by Nigeria's Federal Ministry of Education. It is an all girls' secondary school, which has both day and boarding facilities, located on Owinni Hill, in Oyo State, Nigeria. It is one of 104 unity schools established in Nigeria to bring together children from different geographic, ethnic, and socio-economic backgrounds to build Nigeria's future, especially in the aftermath of the Biafran War.

text:
# Federal Government Girls College, Oyo

**Federal Government Girls College, Oyo** is a Federal Government owned secondary school, run by Nigeria's Federal Ministry of Education. It is an all girls' secondary school, which has both day and boarding facilities, located on Owinni Hill (Owinni Hill was the birthplace of Clotilda survivors Kossula and Abile), in Oyo State, Nigeria. It is one of 104 unity schools established in Nigeria to bring together children from different geographic, ethnic, and socio-economic backgrounds to build Nigeria's future, especially in the aftermath of the Biafran War.

## History

Federal Government Girls College, Oyo was founded in 1974.

## InfoBox

| Federal Government Girls College, Oyo | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
|  | |
| Oyo State<br>Nigeria | |
| Coordinates | 7°53′02″N 3°57′18″E / 7.884°N 3.955°E / 7.884; 3.955 |
| Information | |
| Type | Federal Funded Public Secondary School |
| Established | 1974 |
| Gender | Girls |
| Website | https://fggcoyo.com |


abstract: Federal Government Girls College, Omu-Aran is a federal owned secondary school located in Omu-Aran, Kwara State. The school was founded on 13 May 1995 with 116 pioneer students and Mrs Hajia J. F. Gold as her first principal. The slogan and vision of the school are "together everybody achieves more" and "qualitative girl child education for national development" respectively. The College was conceived out of the desire to bring together young girls from diverse cultural, tribal and linguistic background from different parts of Nigeria to learn under the same environment with a view to fostering national unity among them at the impressionable stage of their lives. Its' establishment is in keeping in line with the Federal Government policy of having at least two Federal Government Colleges otherwise known as unity schools in each State of the Federation including Abuja to serve as Model Schools for others in their pursuits of academic moral and social excellence.

text:
# Federal Government Girls College, Omu-Aran

**Federal Government Girls College, Omu-Aran** is a federal owned secondary school located in Omu-Aran, Kwara State. The school was founded on 13 May 1995 with 116 pioneer students and Mrs Hajia J. F. Gold as her first principal. The slogan and vision of the school are "together everybody achieves more" and "qualitative girl child education for national development" respectively.

The College was conceived out of the desire to bring together young girls from diverse cultural, tribal and linguistic background from different parts of Nigeria to learn under the same environment with a view to fostering national unity among them at the impressionable stage of their lives.

Its' establishment is in keeping in line with the Federal Government policy of having at least two Federal Government Colleges otherwise known as unity schools in each State of the Federation including Abuja to serve as Model Schools for others in their pursuits of academic moral and social excellence.

## Mission

To provide the girl-child with balanced education emphasizing academic excellence, and good conduct.

8°07′20″N 5°07′04″E / 8.1221°N 5.1179°E / 8.1221; 5.1179

## InfoBox

| Federal Government Girls College, Omu-Aran | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
|  | |
| Omu-Aran, Kwara State
Nigeria | |
| Information | |
| Type | boarding
day |
| Motto | Pro unitate |
| Established | 13 May 1995 (1995-05-13) |
| Founder | Federal Government of Nigeria |
| Status | Open |
| Gender | female |
| Campus type | Urban |
| Colour(s) | Green |
| Website | fggcomuaran.sch.ng |


abstract: Federal Government Girls College, Ipetumodu is a federal government owned secondary school located in Ipetumodu, Osun State, Nigeria. FGGC Ipetumodu is one of the unity schools established by the federal government in 1995 to cater specifically for girl child education.

text:
# Federal Government Girls College, Ipetumodu

**Federal Government Girls College, Ipetumodu** is a federal government owned secondary school located in Ipetumodu, Osun State, Nigeria. FGGC Ipetumodu is one of the unity schools established by the federal government in 1995 to cater specifically for girl child education.

## History

FGGC Ipetumodu was established by the federal government on May 15, 1995, to extend unity secondary schools to Osun State. Previously, 13 unity schools were created in 1974 in other States in Nigeria by the military administration of General Yakubu Gowon. FGGC Ipetumodu replaced Teachers' College Ipetumodu in 1995.

## Facilities

It provides boarding facilities for some of her students. According to information on the official website, the school has a modern academic and sporting facilities including a football pitch, school library, and science laboratory.

## Principals

* Mrs. M.B. Abolade (May 1995-Feb.2001)
* Mrs. E.O. Babaniji (Feb.2001-Mar. 2004)
* Mrs. R.A. Jeje (Mar. 2004-Dec.2005)
* Mrs. M. U. Renner (Jan.2006-Sept.2008)
* Dr.(Mrs.) O.S. Salam (Sept.2008-July 2014)
* Mrs. M.K. Borha (July.2014-Mar..2018)
* Mrs. Titilope Akinyemi (Mar.2018-Nov.2019)
* Mrs. M.P. Umanah (Nov.2019-present)

## InfoBox

| Federal Government Girls College, Ipetumodu | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| Federal Government Girls College
Ipetumodu, Osun State
Nigeria | |
| Coordinates | 7°31′32″N 4°25′47″E / 7.5255°N 4.4298°E / 7.5255; 4.4298 |
| Information | |
| Type | Day and Boarding |
| Motto | Prounitate |
| Established | May 15, 1995 |
| Status | open |
| Principal | Mrs. Umanah Martha P. |
| Gender | Female |
| Enrollment | 1500 (2013 estimate) |
| Colour(s) | blue |
| Nickname | FEGGI CITY |


title: Fatima College

abstract: Fatima College is a government-assisted, Roman Catholic boys' secondary school in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. It was established in 1945 and had an enrollment of 895 students as of 2006. The school was established and is run by the Holy Ghost Fathers, an international Roman Catholic religious community.

text:
# Fatima College

**Fatima College** is a government-assisted, Roman Catholic boys' secondary school in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. It was established in 1945 and had an enrollment of 895 students as of 2006. The school was established and is run by the Holy Ghost Fathers, an international Roman Catholic religious community.

## History

### 1945 - 2009

The College of Our Lady of Fatima began under on the compound of St. Theresa's Intermediate School on 1 January 1945. The members of staff were Fr John Byrne, Michael McCarthy (prefect) and Andy Cockburn (a layman who is now a priest). The association with St Theresa's began with Parish Priest Fr Francis Flavin, OP. who first recognized the need for an additional Catholic college in North Trinidad. Work on the present site began in February under the supervision of Fr Byrne. In September 1945 classes shifted from St Theresa's, and on 1 December 1945, Archbishop Ryan formally blessed and opened this new College dedicated to our Lady of Fatima.

Fr Byrne retired in 1955 after overseeing the building of the Eastern and Western wings, the diversion of the Maraval River to accommodate the Assembly Hall, the construction of the chapel and three classrooms. Fr James Ryan succeeded him and developed the academic structures and systems of the College. In the 1960s Fatima started participation in sports meeting, defeated C.I.C. to win its first InterCol final in 1965. Fr Gevias Girod joined Fatima in 1965, took charge of the Scouts and organized the first May Fair (or May Fayre) in 1966.

The 1970s Fatima transferred from clerical to lay control with the appointment of Clive Pantin as principal in 1972. Fr Farfan, local Holy Ghost Father, was appointed Vice Principal and these two individuals directed Fatima through the 1970s.

Clive Pantin retired in 1981, having served Fatima as Dean, Senior Dean, Senior Lay Master, Cricket and Football Coach, Vice Principal and Principal. He was succeeded by Mervyn Moore who joined the staff in 1959.

The nineties saw Bernard Tappin as Vice Principal in 1991 and Fr Gregory Augustine, a Fatima alumnus, as manager in 1992.

Sports include Football, Rugby, Swimming, Basketball, Table Tennis, Hockey, and Cricket.

Mr Garcia took officially retired on 26 March 2009.

### 2009 to present

While Mr. Garcia was on pre-retirement leave, the College's Manager, Fr Gregory Augustine was appointed to act as Principal on 5 January 2009.

In 2013, a New Wing was constructed to the North of the compound. This building now houses the Drama Room, the Art Room, the TD Room, the Fatima Old Boys' Association Office and 7 classrooms form students of Form 6.

In 2010, following the retirement of Mr. Harry Ramdass, Mr. Al Cooper assumed the role of Dean of Form 1. In 2012, following the death of Mr. Aloysious Joseph, Mr. Stefan de Gale was appointed as Dean of Form 5. In 2013, Mrs. Nirmala Bejai-Thompson replaced Mr. Michael Maharaj as Head of Department of Business.

In January, 2015, Mrs. Annie Gomes-Phillips was promoted to Principal of St. Benedict's College in San Fernando. Mrs. Gillian Ramdass, Dean of Form 4 then assumed the role of Vice Principal. Mr. Joel Greene was promoted to the office of Dean of Form 4. Following the retirement of Mrs. Rosemarie Duff at the end of the 2014-2015 academic year, Mr. Kwasi Noel replaced her as Dean of Form 6.

In the 2022-2023 Academic Year, Fr. Augustine Gregory stepped down as Principal, and Mr. Ronald Cooper was appointed as the new Acting Principal

In the 2023-2024 Academic Year, the Deans of the school’s forms were rearranged. Mr. Stefan De Gale was appointed as the Form 1 Dean, Mr. Dale Brooks became the Form 3 Dean, Mr. Kwasi Noel was now the Form 4 Dean, Mr. Shad Seaton was the new Form 5 Dean and Mr. Joel Greene was appointed as Form 6 Dean

On September 1st 2024, Mr. Ronald Cooper announced his retirement as Principal of the Secondary School. A new principal is yet to be announced, but is expected to be introduced at the beginning of the school’s 2024-2025 academic year.

## Notable alumni

## Sources

10°40′00″N 61°31′50″W / 10.66674°N 61.53056°W / 10.66674; -61.53056

## InfoBox

| Fatima College | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
|  | |
| Mucurapo Road
Port of Spain
Trinidad and Tobago | |
| Information | |
| Type | Secondary School |
| Motto | *Nitendo Vinces*
((By striving you shall conquer)) |
| Religious affiliation(s) | Roman Catholic Church |
| Established | 1945 |
| Principal | Vacant |
| Enrollment | 900 (Currently) |
| Color(s) | Blue, Gold |
| Website | fatimacollegeofficial.com |


title: February House

abstract: The February House was an artists' commune from 1940 to 1941 in the neighborhood of Brooklyn Heights, New York City.

text:
# February House

The **February House** was an artists' commune from 1940 to 1941 in the neighborhood of Brooklyn Heights, New York City.

## History

George Davis, an editor for Harper's Bazaar, rented a brownstone at 7 Middagh St. from late 1940 to 1941. Davis invited friends to move in, looking to foster a creative environment for artists. The main residents of February House were W.H. Auden, Carson McCullers, Benjamin Britten, Paul Bowles, and Gypsy Rose Lee. The house itself was a mock-Tudor brownstone in disrepair, with faulty plumbing and a lack of locks. Guests of the February House included Salvador and Gala Dalí, Anaïs Nin, Klaus Mann, Jane Bowles, Richard Wright, and Pavel Pchelitchew. It was Nin who named the it February House, for the number of residents with February birthdays.

A number of works were created at the February House: McCullers began writing *The Ballad of the Sad Cafe*, meeting the inspiration for the characters at a bar in the neighborhood. Lee published *The G-String Murders*. Auden published *The Double Man*. Jane Bowles began writing *Two Serious Ladies*.

By the end of 1941, the main residents of February house, save Davis, had moved out. Auden was broke and took a position at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. McCullers moved in with her mother in Georgia. Lee moved to Chicago for better opportunities. Britten returned to England and produced *Peter Grimes*. In 1945, Davis left the house too. Soon after Davis left, the house was demolished to construct the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway.

## In media

In 2012, a musical *February House* by Gabriel Kahane and Seth Bockley premiered at the Public Theater. It ran for two weeks.

In 2005, a biography *February House* was written by Sherill Tippins.

## Further reading

* *February House: The Story of W. H. Auden, Carson McCullers, Jane and Paul Bowles, Benjamin Britten, and Gypsy Rose Lee, Under One Roof in Brooklyn*, Sherill Tippins, 2016, Mariner Books, ISBN 9780618711970

1. Pohlig, Molly (2015-05-16). "February House, the Middagh Street home of literary giants". *Brownstoner*. Retrieved 2021-11-26.
2. Geselowitz, Gabriela (25 September 2014). "The House on Middagh Street". *www.bklynr.com*. Retrieved 2021-11-26.
3. Lahr, John (2012-05-28). "The Gang's All Here". *The New Yorker*. Retrieved 2021-11-26.
4. Vaill, Amanda (2005-02-06). "'February House': Brooklyn Bohemians". *The New York Times*. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-11-26.


title: Eóin Concannon

abstract: Eóin Concannon, died 1954, king of the Claddagh.

text:
# Eóin Concannon

**Eóin Concannon**, died 1954, king of the Claddagh.

## Biography

Concannon was the last of the old-type kings. The Claddagh village had changed greatly during and after World War I, with many of its men joining the British forces, their ships lying idle. By 1941, only eighteen Galway Hookers sailed from the Claddagh. His death signaled the end of the Old Claddagh, and, as the need for a new king did not arise, one was not elected. Only in August 1971, in conjunction with the Claddagh Festival, was a new, honorary king elected.

* *Where the River Corrib Flows*, Maurice Semple, Galway, 1989.
* *Down by the Claddagh*, Peadar O'Dowd, Galway, 1993.
* *Galway - A Maritime Tradition:Ships, boats and people*, Brendan O'Donnell, Galway, 2001.
* *Coffin Ship: The Wreck of the Brig St. John*, William Henry, 2009. ISBN 978-1-85635-631-2.


title: Packwood Haugh School

abstract: Packwood Haugh School is a co-educational private preparatory school for pupils from the ages of 4 to 13, offering places for both day and boarding pupils. It is located in Ruyton-XI-Towns, midway between Oswestry and Shrewsbury in Shropshire, England. Fees are around £6 000 a term.

text:
# Packwood Haugh School

**Packwood Haugh School** is a co-educational private preparatory school for pupils from the ages of 4 to 13, offering places for both day and boarding pupils. It is located in Ruyton-XI-Towns, midway between Oswestry and Shrewsbury in Shropshire, England. Fees are around £6 000 a term.

## History

The school was founded in 1892 at Packwood, Warwickshire, and moved to its present site, a large Victorian country house previously called Park House, at Ruyton-XI-Towns, set in 66 acres (27 ha), in 1941. In 1956, it became a charitable trust. Girls joined the school in 1968 and a separate boarding house, Park House, provides boarding accommodation for girls. A pre-preparatory department, Packwood Acorns, was established in 1993 for day children only aged between four and seven and is also located within Park House. The rural site of 66 acres includes many facilities, such as a floodlit all-weather surface, a sports hall, purpose-built design and technology (DT) and art studios, an indoor swimming pool, science laboratories and a modern theatre.

The Happy Faces day care nursery opened in September 2013 for young children under school age.

## Curriculum

Through participation in a broad curriculum, centred on core literacy and numeracy skills that underpin all other subjects, pupils develop a good level of knowledge and understanding. Nearly all pupils stay at the school until they are 13, successfully gaining places in the senior schools of their choice, with a significant number gaining scholarships and awards.

In addition to English and Maths, the curriculum includes:

| Chemistry | Art | History | Greek |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Physics | CDT | Geography | Classics |
| Biology | Music | Religious Studies | Latin |
| French | Drama | PE | Study Skills |
| ICT | PSHE | Verbal Reasoning | Current Affairs |

As they progress through the school pupils may participate in national competitions including UK Mathematics Trust challenges, the Townsend Warner History Prize and the Satips general knowledge competition.

The well-planned curriculum across the school is supported by an excellent programme of extra-curricular activities which enriches the pupils’ learning experiences. There is an extensive choice of clubs, such as pottery, cooking and debating, and external specialists offer additional opportunities such as judo and scuba diving.

## Sport

There is a big games playing tradition at Packwood and a wide range of sports is available, with girls’ cricket, fencing, swimming, squash and riding enriching the core provision of football, rugby, hockey, netball cricket and lacrosse. Many pupils participate in local and national sporting competitions, with some achieving outstanding success in their chosen sport. Recent achievements have included top national rankings for boys and girls in under 11 and under 13 fencing competitions. Girls’ and boys’ cricket teams have both enjoyed strong results in local and regional matches, with many pupils selected for county squads and the girls’ team reaching the indoor cricket national finals.

## Notable Old Packwoodians

1. "Information: The Packwoodian". packwood-haugh.co.uk.
2. Iles, D. *et al.*, *Packwood Haugh School: Independent Schools Inspectorate Report* dated Oct 2015
3. Iles, D. *et al.*, *Packwood Haugh School: Independent Schools Inspectorate Report* dated March 2006
4. Brown, Yoland (1988). *Ruyton-XI-Towns, Unusual Name, Unusual History*. Brewin Books. pp. 105, 107. ISBN 0-947731-41-5.
5. "Happy Faces". Packwood Haugh School.
6. "The national curriculum". www.gov.uk.
7. "UK Mathematics Trust". UK Mathematics Trust.
8. "Townsend Warner History Prize". Townsend Warner History Prize.
9. "SATIPS". SATIPS.
10. "Good Schools Guide". The Good Schools Guide.
11. "After Packwood". Packwood Haugh School. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
12. Christopher Gordon Horsfall Simon, obituary in *Manchester Evening News* dated 26 February 2002

## InfoBox

| Packwood Haugh | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| Ruyton-XI-Towns
near Shrewsbury, Shropshire, SY4 1HX
England | |
| Coordinates | 52°48′04″N 2°54′11″W / 52.801°N 2.903°W / 52.801; -2.903 |
| Information | |
| Type | Independent day and boarding Preparatory school |
| Motto | Discas Dum Discere Possis (Latin: "Learn while you are able to learn") |
| Religious affiliation(s) | Church of England |
| Established | 1892 |
| Chairman of Governors | David Stacey |
| Headmaster | William Goldsmith |
| Gender | Co-educational |
| Age | 4 to 13 |
| Enrolment | 215 |
| Publication | *The Packwoodian* |
| Former pupils | Old Packwoodians |
| Website | http://www.packwood-haugh.co.uk/ |


title: February 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

abstract: February 8 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - February 10 All fixed commemorations below are observed on February 22 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar. For February 9, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on January 27.

text:
# February 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

February 8 \- Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar \- February 10

All fixed commemorations below are observed on February 22 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For February 9, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on *January 27*.

## Feasts

## Saints

## Pre-Schism Western saints

## Post-Schism Orthodox saints

### New martyrs and confessors

* New Hieromartyr Basil Ismailov, Archpriest, of Belorussia (1930)
* New Hieromartyr John Fryazinov, Priest (1938)

## Other commemorations

1. (in Greek) Συναξαριστής. *9 Φεβρουαρίου.* Ecclesia.gr. (H Εκκλησια Τησ Ελλαδοσ).
2. *Leavetaking of the Meeting of our Lord in the Temple.* OCA - Lives of the Saints.
3. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) *Ὁ Ἅγιος Φιλάγριος Ἐπίσκοπος Κύπρου.* 9 Φεβρουαρίου. Μεγασ Συναξαριστησ.
4. February 9 / 22. Orthodox Calendar (Pravoslavie.ru).
5. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) *Οἱ Ἅγιοι Μάρκελλος καὶ Παγκράτιος ὁ Ἱερομάρτυρας.* 9 Φεβρουαρίου. Μεγασ Συναξαριστησ.
6. *Hieromartyr Marcellus the Bishop of Sicily.* OCA - Lives of the Saints.
7. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) *Οἱ Ἅγιοι Ἄμμων καὶ Ἀλέξανδρος οἱ Μάρτυρες ἐκ Κύπρου.* 9 Φεβρουαρίου. Μεγασ Συναξαριστησ.
8. *The Roman Martyrology.* Transl. by the Archbishop of Baltimore. Last Edition, According to the Copy Printed at Rome in 1914. Revised Edition, with the Imprimatur of His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons. Baltimore: John Murphy Company, 1916. pp. 42–43.
9. February 22 / 9. Holy Trinity Russian Orthodox Church (A parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow).
10. *Virginmartyr Apollonia.* OCA - Lives of the Saints.
11. Rev. Sabine Baring-Gould (M.A.). "S. Apollonia, V. M. (A.D. 249.)." In: *The Lives of the Saints.* Volume the Second: February. London: John C. Nimmo, 1897. pp. 231-233.
12. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) *Ὁ Ἅγιος Νικηφόρος ὁ Μάρτυρας.* 9 Φεβρουαρίου. Μεγασ Συναξαριστησ.
13. *Martyr Nicephorus of Antioch, in Syria.* OCA - Lives of the Saints.
14. Rev. Sabine Baring-Gould (M.A.). "S. Nicephorus, M. (About A.D. 258.)." In: *The Lives of the Saints.* Volume the Second: February. London: John C. Nimmo, 1897. pp. 233-236.
15. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) *Ὁ Ὅσιος Ρωμανὸς τοῦ Κίλικος.* 9 Φεβρουαρίου. Μεγασ Συναξαριστησ.
16. *Venerable Shio Mgvime.* OCA - Lives of the Saints.
17. The Autonomous Orthodox Metropolia of Western Europe and the Americas. *St. Hilarion Calendar of Saints for the year of our Lord 2004.* St. Hilarion Press (Austin, TX). p. 14.
18. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) *Ὁ Ὅσιος Πέτρος ὁ Ἱερομάρτυρας ὁ Δαμασκηνὸς.* 9 Φεβρουαρίου. Μεγασ Συναξαριστησ.
19. *Hieromartyr Peter Damascene, bishop of Damascus (743).* Holy Trinity Russian Orthodox Church (A parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow).
20. *Martyr Peter of Capetolis.* OCA - Lives of the Saints.
21. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) *Ὁ Ἅγιος Πέτρος ὁ Ἱερομάρτυρας ἐκ Καπιτωλίων.* 4 Οκτωβρίου. Μεγασ Συναξαριστησ.
22. February 9. Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome.
23. Rev. Sabine Baring-Gould (M.A.). "S. Sabine, B. of Canosi. (About A.D. 566.)." In: *The Lives of the Saints.* Volume the Second: February. London: John C. Nimmo, 1897. pp. 241-245.
24. Rev. Richard Stanton. *A Menology of England and Wales, or, Brief Memorials of the Ancient British and English Saints Arranged According to the Calendar, Together with the Martyrs of the 16th and 17th Centuries.* London: Burns & Oates, 1892. pp. 60–61.
25. Rev. Sabine Baring-Gould (M.A.). "S. Teilo, B. of Llandaff. (About A.D. 560.)." In: *The Lives of the Saints.* Volume the Second: February. London: John C. Nimmo, 1897. pp. 238-241.
26. Rev. Sabine Baring-Gould (M.A.). "S. Ansbert, B. of Rouen. (A.D. 695.)." In: *The Lives of the Saints.* Volume the Second: February. London: John C. Nimmo, 1897. pp. 246-247.
27. Very Rev. John O'Hanlon. "Article II.—St. Cronan, the Wise, Bishop. \[Sixth Century.\]." In: *Lives of the Irish Saints: With Special Festivals, and the Commemorations of Holy Persons.* Vol. II. Dublin, 1875. pp. 428-433.
28. Very Rev. John O'Hanlon. "Article XIII.—St. Alto, Bishop and Founder of Altminster, in Bavaria. \[Eighth Century.\]." In: *Lives of the Irish Saints: With Special Festivals, and the Commemorations of Holy Persons.* Vol. II. Dublin, 1875. p. 446.
29. *Venerable Pancratius of the Kiev Caves.* OCA - Lives of the Saints.
30. *Venerable Gennadius of Vazheozersk.* OCA - Lives of the Saints.
31. *Venerable Nicephorus of Vazheozersk.* OCA - Lives of the Saints.
32. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) *Οἱ Ὅσιοι Νικηφόρος καὶ Γεννάδιος.* 9 Φεβρουαρίου. Μεγασ Συναξαριστησ.
33. (in Russian) Иоанн. Православная Энциклопедия под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла (электронная версия). (Orthodox Encyclopedia - Pravenc.ru).
34. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) *Εὕρεσις Τιμίων Λειψάνων Ἁγίου Ἰννοκεντίου ἐκ Ρωσίας.* 9 Φεβρουαρίου. Μεγασ Συναξαριστησ.
35. *Uncovering of the relics of St Innocent the Bishop of Irkutsk.* OCA - Lives of the Saints.
36. (in Russian) 22 февраля (9 февраля). Православная Энциклопедия под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла (электронная версия). (Orthodox Encyclopedia - Pravenc.ru).

## Sources

**Greek Sources**

**Russian Sources**

* (in Russian) 22 февраля (9 февраля). Православная Энциклопедия под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла (электронная версия). (Orthodox Encyclopedia - Pravenc.ru).


title: Pak Pan railway station

abstract: Pak Pan railway station is a railway station located in Sai Yoi Subdistrict, Den Chai District, Phrae. It is located 538.432 km from Bangkok railway station and is a class 3 railway station. It is on the Northern Line of the State Railway of Thailand.

text:
# Pak Pan railway station

**Pak Pan railway station** is a railway station located in Sai Yoi Subdistrict, Den Chai District, Phrae. It is located 538.432 km from Bangkok railway station and is a class 3 railway station. It is on the Northern Line of the State Railway of Thailand.

* Ichirō, Kakizaki (2010). *Ōkoku no tetsuro: tai tetsudō no rekishi*. Kyōto: Kyōtodaigakugakujutsushuppankai. ISBN 978-4-87698-848-8
* Otohiro, Watanabe (2013). *Tai kokutetsu yonsenkiro no tabi: shasō fūkei kanzen kiroku*. Tōkyō: Bungeisha. ISBN 978-4-286-13041-5

17°59′41″N 100°00′24″E / 17.9947°N 100.0066°E / 17.9947; 100.0066

## InfoBox

| Pak Pan <br>ปากปาน | |
| --- | --- |
| General information | |
| Location | Ban Pak Pan, Sai Yoi Subdistrict, Den Chai District, Phrae |
| Owned by | State Railway of Thailand |
| Line(s) | Northern Line |
| Platforms | 1 |
| Tracks | 3 |
| Other information | |
| Station code | ปา. |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  State Railway of Thailand Following station  Den Chaitowards Bangkok (Hua Lamphong) or Krung Thep Aphiwat  Northern Line  Kaeng Luangtowards Chiang Mai | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Paolo e Francesca

abstract: Paolo e Francesca, also known as Legend of Love, is a 1950 Italian historical melodrama film directed by Raffaello Matarazzo and starring Odile Versois and Armando Francioli. It is loosely based on real life events of Paolo Malatesta and Francesca da Polenta.

text:
# Paolo e Francesca

***Paolo e Francesca*** (*Paolo and Francesca*), also known as ***Legend of Love***, is a 1950 Italian historical melodrama film directed by Raffaello Matarazzo and starring Odile Versois and Armando Francioli. It is loosely based on real life events of Paolo Malatesta and Francesca da Polenta.

## Plot

Italy, 13th century. Two families have just restored peace thanks to the marriage of Gianciotto Malatesta with the beautiful Francesca. Before the wedding, Malatesta sends his brother Paolo to his bride, who inevitably falls in love with Francesca. Theirs is a doomed love because it is immediately discovered by Malatesta, who kills the two lovers out of jealousy.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Paolo e Francesca | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Raffaello Matarazzo |
| Written by | * Vittorio Calvino * Raffaello Matarazzo * Guglielmo Petroni |
| Produced by | Giuseppe Bordoni |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Mario Montuori |
| Edited by | Mario Serandrei |
| Music by | Alessandro Cicognini |
| Release date | * 1950 (1950) |
| Language | Italian |


title: Fairmont Monte Carlo

abstract: The Fairmont Monte Carlo is a luxury resort located in Monte Carlo managed by the Canadian-based hotel chain Fairmont Hotels and Resorts. It is built within sight of the Circuit de Monaco hairpin.

text:
# Fairmont Monte Carlo

The **Fairmont Monte Carlo** is a luxury resort located in Monte Carlo managed by the Canadian-based hotel chain Fairmont Hotels and Resorts. It is built within sight of the Circuit de Monaco hairpin.

## History

Construction of the hotel was completed in the early 1970s. The hotel was built on the spot of the first Monegasque railway station, by the real estate development company Caroli Group. As it stands today, there is still a section of the original station wall hidden in one of the hotel's offices. Instead of building the hotel up the rocks, the property is partially built into the Mediterranean coast. The hotel opened in August 1975, managed by Loews Hotels, as **Loews Monte-Carlo**. In 1998, Toufic Aboukhater bought the hotel from Loews Hotels Holding Corporation for an undisclosed price and renamed it the **Monte Carlo Grand Hotel**.

In 2004 the hotel was acquired by Fairmont Hotels and Resorts for 215 million euro It was the first purchase by a joint venture of Fairmont, Kingdom Hotels International and Bank of Scotland Corporate. and renamed **Fairmont Monte Carlo**. The hotel was renovated in 2005 and again in 2009.

During the annual Monaco Grand Prix at the Circuit de Monaco, the drivers make use of the tunnel under the hotel. The hotel overlooks a hairpin bend, called the Fairmont hairpin, the slowest corner on the F1 calendar.

43°44′24.29″N 7°25′47.96″E / 43.7400806°N 7.4299889°E / 43.7400806; 7.4299889

## InfoBox

| Fairmont Monte Carlo | |
| --- | --- |
| Fairmont Hotel in 2019 | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | 12, Avenue des Spélugues 98000 Monte Carlo |
| Opening | August 20, 1975 (1975-08-20) |
| Management | Fairmont Hotels and Resorts |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 7 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Jean Ginsberg, Jean and José Notari, and Herbert Weisskamp |
| Developer | Caroli Group |
| Other information | |
| Number of rooms | 602 |
| Number of suites | 30 |
| Number of restaurants | 3 |
| Website | |
| www.fairmont.com | |


title: Pannonian dialect group

abstract: The Pannonian dialect group, or northeastern dialect group, is a group of closely related dialects of Slovene. The Pannonian dialects are spoken in northeastern Slovenia, and among the Hungarian Slovenes.

text:
# Pannonian dialect group

The **Pannonian dialect group** (*panonska narečna skupina*), or northeastern dialect group, is a group of closely related dialects of Slovene. The Pannonian dialects are spoken in northeastern Slovenia (Prekmurje, in the eastern areas of Slovenian Styria), and among the Hungarian Slovenes.

## Phonological and morphological characteristics

Among other features, this group is characterized by loss of pitch accent, non-lengthened short syllables, and a new acute on short syllables.

## Individual dialects and subdialects

1. "Karta slovenskih narečij z večjimi naselji" (PDF). *Fran.si*. Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
2. Toporišič, Jože. 1992. *Enciklopedija slovenskega jezika*. Ljubljana: Cankarjeva založba, p. 173.
3. Logar, Tine. 1996. *Dialektološke in jezikovnozgodovinske razprave*. Ljubljana: SAZU, p. 240.
4. Novak, Vilko (2006). *Slovar stare knjižne prekmurščine* (in Slovenian). Založba ZRC (SAZU). ISBN 961-6568-60-4.
5. Greenberg, Marc L. (2009). "Prekmurje Grammar as a Source of Slavic Comparative Material" (PDF). *Slovenski jezik – Slovene Linguistic Studies*. **7**: 29–44.
6. Zorko, Zinka. 1994. "Panonska narečja." *Enciklopedija Slovenija*, vol. 8 (232–233). Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, p. 232.
7. Rigler, Jakob. 1986. *Razprave o slovenskem jeziku*. Ljubljana: Slovenska matica, p. 117.
8. Kolarič, Rudolf. 1956. "Slovenska narečja." *Jezik in slovstvo* 2(6): 247–254, p. 252.


title: Paratopological group

abstract: In mathematics, a paratopological group is a topological semigroup that is algebraically a group. In other words, it is a group G with a topology such that the group's product operation is a continuous function from G × G to G. This differs from the definition of a topological group in that the group inverse is not required to be continuous. As with topological groups, some authors require the topology to be Hausdorff. Compact paratopological groups are automatically topological groups.

text:
# Paratopological group

In mathematics, a **paratopological group** is a topological semigroup that is algebraically a group. In other words, it is a group *G* with a topology such that the group's product operation is a continuous function from *G* × *G* to *G*. This differs from the definition of a topological group in that the group inverse is not required to be continuous.

As with topological groups, some authors require the topology to be Hausdorff.

Compact paratopological groups are automatically topological groups.


title: Palaivananathar Temple

abstract: Palaivananathar Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to the deity Shiva, located in Papanasam, in Thanjavur district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Shiva is worshiped as Papanasanathar, and is represented by the lingam. His consort Parvati is depicted as Thavalavennayagal. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th century Tamil Saiva canonical work, the Tevaram, written by Tamil saint poets known as the Nayanars and classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam. The temple complex covers around one acre and can be entered through a five-tiered gopuram, the main gateway. The temple has a number of shrines, with those of Papanasanathar and Thavalavennayagal, being the most prominent. All the shrines of the temple are enclosed in large concentric rectangular granite walls. The temple has a granary made of brick from the Vijayanagar Empire, which is maintained as a monument of the state Archeological Department. The temple has four daily rituals at various times from 6:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., and four yearly festivals on its calendar. Chitra Pournami and Aani Thirumanjanam during the Tamil month of Aaani (June–July) are the most prominent festivals celebrated in the temple. The original complex is believed to have been built by Cholas, while the present masonry structure was built by Vijayanagar kings during the 16th century. In modern times, the temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department of the Government of Tamil Nadu.

text:
# Palaivananathar Temple

**Palaivananathar Temple** is a Hindu temple dedicated to the deity Shiva, located in Papanasam, in Thanjavur district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Shiva is worshiped as Papanasanathar, and is represented by the *lingam*. His consort Parvati is depicted as Thavalavennayagal. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th century Tamil Saiva canonical work, the *Tevaram*, written by Tamil saint poets known as the Nayanars and classified as *Paadal Petra Sthalam*.

The temple complex covers around one acre and can be entered through a five-tiered gopuram, the main gateway. The temple has a number of shrines, with those of Papanasanathar and Thavalavennayagal, being the most prominent. All the shrines of the temple are enclosed in large concentric rectangular granite walls. The temple has a granary made of brick from the Vijayanagar Empire, which is maintained as a monument of the state Archeological Department.

The temple has four daily rituals at various times from 6:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., and four yearly festivals on its calendar. Chitra Pournami and Aani Thirumanjanam during the Tamil month of *Aaani* (June–July) are the most prominent festivals celebrated in the temple.

The original complex is believed to have been built by Cholas, while the present masonry structure was built by Vijayanagar kings during the 16th century. In modern times, the temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department of the Government of Tamil Nadu.

## Legend

As per Hindu legend, Shiva is believed to have killed a tiger and worn the skin of the tiger as a sign of his victory in the forest Darukavana. At a later time, during the Mahabharat times, the Pandava prince Arjuna who was in exile along with his brothers was asked by sage Dhaumya to visit the forest and seek the blessings of Shiva. Arjuna visited the place and obtained special skills and weapons in archery from Shiva. The presiding deity is believed to have absolved the sins of various other deities namely Vishnu, Brahma, Rama, Sita, sage Vashista, Lakshmana, other celestial deities and hence got the name Papanasanathar, the one who absolves sins.

## Architecture

Papanasam (Tirunelvli) (Tamil: பாபநாசம், literally means Destruction of Sins) is a *panchayat* town in Thanjavur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, located 14 km (8.7 mi) from Kumbakonam and 28 km (17 mi) from Thanjavur on the Kumbakonam - Thanjavur highway. There are three rivers named Kaveri, Thirumalairajan and Kudamurutti in the town, with the temple located on the bank of Kudamuruti river. The walls on the temple tower has inscriptions depicting Thiruvilaiyadal, the 64 divine plays of Shiva to test his devotees. Thirupalaithurai temple with two *prakarams* (outer courtyard) occupies an area of 3 acres (12,000 m2), and its entrance is crowned with a five tiered *Rajagopuram*. The first precinct houses the images of various supporting deities of Shiva namely, Vinayagar, Dakshninamurthy, Durga, Chandesa and also the images of the 63 nayamars.

There is also a world-famous granary (Store House of paddy) Breadth: 86 feet (26 m), Height: 36 feet (11 m) capacity of 3,000 Kalam (measure) constructed by Raghunatha Nayak in 1600 - 1634. The granary is circular in shape and conical at the top. The State Archaeological Department maintains as a monument of state importance.

## History

The original complex is believed to have been built by Cholas, while the present masonry structure was built by Vijayanagar kings during the 16th century. Inscriptions from the Chola and Vijayanagara Empire periods are seen in this temple. The temple has inscriptions from the period of Kulothunga Chola I and Kulothunga Chola III speaking of gifts made to the temple during the Chola period. In the inscriptions, the presiding deity of the temple is referred as Thirupalaithurai Makarathevar. The region is a part of Nittavinoda valanattu Nallur and the inscriptions indicate the survey of land done by the kings. The inscriptions also indicate generous contributions of land for the temple in the form of gardens and arable lands for the maintenance of the temple. In modern times, the temple is administered by the Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department of the Government of Tamil Nadu.

## Festivals and religious importance

It is one of the shrines of the 275 Paadal Petra Sthalams \- Shiva Sthalams glorified in the early medieval *Tevaram* poems by Tamil Saivite Nayanars Sambandar. The temple is counted as one of the temples built on the banks of River Kaveri. It is located on the banks of Kudamurutti, a tributary of river Kaveri.

The temple priests perform the *puja* (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. The temple rituals are performed four times a day; *Kalasanthi* at 8:00 a.m., *Uchikalam* at 12:00 a.m., *Sayarakshai* at 6:00 p.m, and *Arthajamam* at 8:00 p.m.. Each ritual comprises four steps: *abhisheka* (sacred bath), *alangaram* (decoration), *naivethanam* (food offering) and *deepa aradanai* (waving of lamps) for Papanasanathar and Thavalavennayagal. There are weekly rituals like **somavaram** (Monday) and **sukravaram** (Friday), fortnightly rituals like *pradosham*, and monthly festivals like *amavasai* (new moon day), *kiruthigai*, *pournami* (full moon day) and *sathurthi*. Chitra Pournami and Aaani Thirumanjanam during the Tamil month of *Aaani* (June–July) are the most important festivals of the temple.

## InfoBox

| Palaivananathar Temple | |
| --- | --- |
| Tirupalathurai | |
|  | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Hinduism |
| District | Tanjore |
| Deity | Palaivananathar
(Shiva) Dhavala Vennakaimangai
(Parvati) |
| Location | |
| Location | Papanasam |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| Country | India |
| Location in Tamil Nadu | |
| Geographic coordinates | 10°56′N 79°17′E / 10.933°N 79.283°E / 10.933; 79.283 |
| Architecture | |
| Type | Dravidian architecture |


title: Paratopula

abstract: Paratopula is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. The genus consists of arboreal species known from the Oriental and Indo-Australian regions. Little is known about their biology.

text:
# Paratopula

***Paratopula*** is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. The genus consists of arboreal species known from the Oriental and Indo-Australian regions. Little is known about their biology.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Paratopula* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Paratopula macta* worker from Thailand | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Formicidae |
| Subfamily: | Myrmicinae |
| Tribe: | Crematogastrini |
| Genus: | *Paratopula*
Wheeler, 1919 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Atopomyrmex ceylonicus*
Emery, 1901 | |
| Diversity | |
| 11 species | |


title: Falling-out

abstract: Falling-out is a culture-bound syndrome reported in Latin America and the Caribbean and usually brought on by stress.

text:
# Falling-out

**Falling-out** is a culture-bound syndrome reported in Latin America and the Caribbean and usually brought on by stress.

## Nervous attack (ataque de nervios) or fainting

A cultural concept of distress, which is the DSM-5's updated version of culture-bound syndrome. Ataque de nervios is primarily reported in Latin America and the Caribbean. It is described as a constricted consciousness as a psychological response to anxiety and specific stressors.

### Common symptoms

A few symptoms that have been reported are attacks or fits of crying, verbal or physical aggression, uncontrollable shouting, trembling, and the feeling of heat rising throughout the body. Individuals who consistently experience these episodes can feel it coming. It normally consists of feeling lightheaded, dizzy, unsteady when standing, and changes in vision.

### Possible causes

In most cases, ataques de nervios is directly related to stress and family, such as divorce, death of a loved one, or witnessing/experiencing a traumatic event. The medical term for fainting, or ataques de nervios, is syncope, which happens when the brain does not receive enough oxygen and there is a brief decrease of blood flowing to the brain. Situational syncope occurs when situations affect the nervous system, such as anxiety, fear, pain, dehydration, hyperventilation, and the use of alcohol or drugs. The body falls to the ground when one faints or has a black-out because it makes it easier for oxygen blood to reach the brain.

### Possible treatments

Ataques de nervios has been treated as a panic or anxiety disorder, which consist of cognitive behavior therapy. This method of treatment helps the individual identify what is triggering their episodes, which gives them an idea of what they need to avoid. In addition, cognitive behavior therapy will provide individuals with coping mechanisms to use while their episode is occurring. If an individual feels like they are about to faint during their episode, the best preventative approach is to lie down with their legs elevated above their head, or to squat down on their heels.


title: Falsoparmena

abstract: Falsoparmena malaccensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Falsoparmena. It was described by Breuning in 1943.

text:
# Falsoparmena

***Falsoparmena malaccensis*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus ***Falsoparmena***. It was described by Breuning in 1943.

## InfoBox

| *Falsoparmena* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Falsoparmena*** |
| Species: | ***F. malaccensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Falsoparmena malaccensis***<br>Breuning, 1943 | |
|


title: Paratopic

abstract: Paratopic is a 2018 first-person horror video game, released for Linux, macOS, Windows, Nintendo Switch, Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S. The game uses a graphical style reminiscent of 32-bit era graphics. Later that year, a "Definitive Cut" edition added new locations and objects. Paratopic won the "Excellence in Audio" category at the 2019 Independent Games Festival Awards.

text:
# Paratopic

***Paratopic*** is a 2018 first-person horror video game, released for Linux, macOS, Windows, Nintendo Switch, Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S. The game uses a graphical style reminiscent of 32-bit era graphics. Later that year, a "Definitive Cut" edition added new locations and objects. *Paratopic* won the "Excellence in Audio" category at the 2019 Independent Games Festival Awards.

## Development

*Paratopic* was developed with a very low budget by Arbitrary Metric, a team of three - Doc Burford, Jessica Harvey, and Lazzie Brown. Harvey describes their tool set of Unity, Visual Studio, GIMP and Blender as the "no money special". The script was written in Twine before imported into Unity. Brown, who was responsible for the audio, used Reason and Audacity.

Burford described the design of the game as partly a response to weaknesses he saw in the walking simulator genre, he wanted to introduce more player actions, and populate the world with more life compared to the empty environments of *Dear Esther* and *Gone Home*. During development, poverty became a main theme of the game; with characters worried about debt and the faltering economy, and the environment reflecting the slow decline of Burford's home town. Every facet of the game was designed to invoke a feeling of dread using a "show, don't tell" style.

The game was originally released through itch.io in March 2018. The developers preferred itch.io over Steam due to its lower fees, and believed that the itch audience were more receptive to smaller, experimental games. In September 2018, an expanded *Definitive Cut* of the game was released, including new locations and objects. This version was offered on Steam as well as itch.io. The game was later ported to the Nintendo Switch and Xbox One by Baltoro Games and released in 2020 and 2022 respectively.

## Plot

*The game is presented as short gameplay segments with stories that connect vaguely to each other that frequently and abruptly shift. The narrative is shown out of order in-game. The following is a summarization of the order as the story segments appear.*

In a hallway-like building, an unnamed Smuggler is interrogated about possessing undeclared videotapes by a security guard. The guard goes into a room to watch some of the tapes. The room becomes enveloped in a blinding white light. The game abruptly shifts to a diner. An unnamed female Assassin is instructed to retrieve videotapes for her employer. Outside, a corpse can be seen being eaten by birds. She is told to smuggle them across a "border" once she retrieves them. Now alone in the diner, the Assassin, armed with a revolver, kicks open a door in the back of the diner, revealing a man standing next to a mysterious symbol. The game abruptly cuts to an apartment complex. A person (ostensibly the Smuggler), en route to their apartment, is told by a neighbor that she witnessed a group of men breaking into the Smuggler's apartment. Inside the Smuggler's apartment is a lamp, numerous boxes filled with what appears to be liquified flesh, a bare mattress, and a box, adorned with the same symbol from the diner, filled with videotapes. The Smuggler's neighbor abruptly appears, requesting a "juicy" videotape. It is left up to the player as to whether the Smuggler gives her a tape or not. If the neighbor is given a tape, she is seen watching it in her room, only for her face to split open.

The game abruptly cuts to a person (again, ostensibly, the Smuggler) driving a car down a deserted city highway. In the passenger seat, a revolver and the videotape box frequently change places on the seat. The game abruptly cuts to a gas station mini-mart. The Smuggler makes small talk with the mini-mart cashier while their car gets gas. Outside, a monstrous, dark figure stands over the car. The game abruptly cuts to an unnamed female Birdwatcher, armed with a camera, walking through a forest, taking pictures of crows. The Birdwatcher stumbles upon a clearing, witnessing a massive dome-like structure in the distance, as well as a windmill that bears a strong resemblance to the windmill in the diner symbol. In a completely missable area, the Birdwatcher discovers an underground room with multiple television screens, which play a fragmented recording of a man from the enigmatic "Power Company". The man addresses an unknown group of people (ostensibly his coworkers) and the "sacrifices" they make for the sake of a "better future". After discovering a cliffside trail, the game cuts to the Smuggler, in the car again. The Smuggler leaves the city and enters a countryside-like area. The game then cuts back to the Birdwatcher, who wanders through an area filled with mangled and ruined metallic structures and shipping crates. The shipping crates are marked with the symbol from the diner. There are active security cameras that appear to be watching the birdwatcher. Eventually, the Birdwatcher stumbles upon a radio tower, beneath which is a black, monstrous creature that warps and distorts the Birdwatcher's camera feed. The monster then teleports behind the Birdwatcher and attacks her.

The game then cuts to the Smuggler, in the car once more, as they drive through the countryside. Numerous destroyed and mangled objects can be seen in the background. The game then cuts to the gas station. The Smuggler, apparently there a second time, again makes conversation with the mini-mart cashier while their car fills up with gas. The dark creature can again be seen beside the car. The game then cuts back to the Assassin as they break into the diner's back room. She kills the man, who was watching some of the tapes she was hired to retrieve. She watches one herself. The television screen she views it on displays nothing but static, but the Assassin is moved back in time to the moment she kills the man every time she views a tape. The game then abruptly cuts back to the scene that was playing out at the start of the game. The security guard walks out of the room, but a flickering television is in the place of his head and he appears to be nearly bisected. His body then unravels and vanishes into thin air, leaving only the television, which displays the message "BE SEEING YOU, FRIENDO." The game then abruptly cuts to the Assassin, armed with her revolver, walking through the forest where the Birdwatcher was. The Assassin stumbles upon the Birdwatcher's skinless, headless, warped, still-moving body, wrapped around a pole, with the camera the Birdwatcher had at the foot of the pole. The Assassin takes the camera. The game ends with the Assassin reporting the Birdwatcher's body to emergency services via telephone, hanging up when the operator asks for the Assassin's name.

## Reception

*Paratopic* was positively received on its initial 2018 release. *Rock, Paper, Shotgun* listed it as one of their twenty-four best games of 2018, and their writer Nic Reuben had it in his personal top five. *Bloody Disgusting* writer Andrew King featured the game in a *Best of 2018* editorial. At the 2019 Independent Games Festival, it was shortlisted for the Nuovo Award, and won the award for Excellence in Audio. *Fact* magazine listed *Paratopic* as having one of the 10 best video game soundtracks of 2018, comprising "industrial compositions full of smudgy beats and corroding '80s synths" that match the game's "visual and narrative dread ".

In 2019, Burford said that while proceeds from *Paratopic'*s sales allowed him to move out of the family home, and exposed him to more video games freelancing opportunities, he still could not afford medical insurance.

Later reviews were more mixed, the Xbox version received a score of 60/100 on reviews aggregation website Metacritic based on 4 reviews. While critics praised the visuals and the game's tense, unnerving atmosphere, criticism fell on the game's short length, the story's abrupt ending, and monotonous gameplay segments.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Paratopic | |
| --- | --- |
| Steam cover art | |
| Developer(s) | Arbitrary Metric |
| Publisher(s) | Arbitrary Metric |
| Designer(s) | Jessica Harvey |
| Writer(s) | Doc Burford |
| Composer(s) | Lazzie Brown |
| Platform(s) | Linux, macOS, Windows, Nintendo Switch, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S |
| Release | **Linux**, **macOS**, **Windows**
March 12, 2018
**Nintendo Switch**
August 21, 2020
**Xbox One**, **Xbox Series X/S**
May 13, 2022 |
| Genre(s) | Horror |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: Falsoropicoides

abstract: Falsoropicoides laosensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Falsoropicoides. It was described by Breuning in 1964.

text:
# Falsoropicoides

***Falsoropicoides laosensis*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus ***Falsoropicoides***. It was described by Breuning in 1964.

## InfoBox

| *Falsoropicoides* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Falsoropicoides*** |
| Species: | ***F. laosensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Falsoropicoides laosensis***<br>Breuning, 1964 | |
|


title: Falsoropica hawaiana

abstract: Falsoropica hawaiana is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1982.

text:
# Falsoropica hawaiana

***Falsoropica hawaiana*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1982.

## InfoBox

| *Falsoropica hawaiana* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Falsoropica*** |
| Species: | ***F. hawaiana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Falsoropica hawaiana***<br>Breuning, 1982 | |
|


title: Palermo, Huila

abstract: Palermo is a town and municipality in the Huila Department, Colombia. This town was previously named Guagua.

text:
# Palermo, Huila

**Palermo** is a town and municipality in the Huila Department, Colombia. This town was previously named Guagua.

## Culture

### Notable people from Palermo

### Twin Cities

## Climate

| Climate data for Palermo (Juncal El), elevation 460 m (1,510 ft), (1981–2010) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.8
(89.2) | 32.0
(89.6) | 31.7
(89.1) | 31.4
(88.5) | 31.5
(88.7) | 32.2
(90.0) | 32.4
(90.3) | 33.3
(91.9) | 33.6
(92.5) | 32.4
(90.3) | 31.0
(87.8) | 31.3
(88.3) | 32.1
(89.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.9
(80.4) | 26.9
(80.4) | 26.7
(80.1) | 26.6
(79.9) | 26.6
(79.9) | 26.8
(80.2) | 26.9
(80.4) | 27.6
(81.7) | 27.7
(81.9) | 26.9
(80.4) | 26.4
(79.5) | 26.4
(79.5) | 26.9
(80.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21.4
(70.5) | 21.9
(71.4) | 21.9
(71.4) | 21.8
(71.2) | 21.8
(71.2) | 21.7
(71.1) | 21.5
(70.7) | 21.8
(71.2) | 21.8
(71.2) | 21.6
(70.9) | 21.7
(71.1) | 21.5
(70.7) | 21.7
(71.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 129.4
(5.09) | 122.3
(4.81) | 180.6
(7.11) | 148.9
(5.86) | 107.2
(4.22) | 33.0
(1.30) | 31.9
(1.26) | 17.6
(0.69) | 59.2
(2.33) | 196.1
(7.72) | 227.5
(8.96) | 177.6
(6.99) | 1,400.8
(55.15) |
| Average precipitation days | 11 | 12 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 10 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 16 | 17 | 14 | 144 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 75 | 73 | 76 | 76 | 75 | 69 | 66 | 62 | 64 | 70 | 76 | 77 | 72 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 198.4 | 158.1 | 142.6 | 141.0 | 161.2 | 165.0 | 170.5 | 170.5 | 153.0 | 161.2 | 165.0 | 189.1 | 1,975.6 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 6.4 | 5.6 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 6.1 | 5.4 |
| Source: Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Palermo Guagua | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality and town | |
|  | |
| Nickname(s): Capital Marmolera de Colombia
Marble Capital of Colombia | |
| Motto: "Por el camino del progreso" | |
| Anthem: Himno a Palermo | |
| Location of the municipality and town of Palermo, Huila in the Huila Department of Colombia. | |
| Coordinates: 2°53′30″N 75°26′15″W / 2.89167°N 75.43750°W / 2.89167; -75.43750 | |
| Country | Colombia |
| Department | Huila Department |
| Subregion | Subnorte |
| Incorporated (parish) | 1690 |
| Incorporated (municipality) | 7 January 1774 |
| Renamed | 1906 |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Helver Yesid Pinzón Saavedra () |
| Area | |
| Municipality and town | 92.29 km2 (35.63 sq mi) |
| Land | 1.44 km2 (0.56 sq mi) |
| Urban | 13.89 km2 (5.36 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 est.) | |
| Municipality and town | 35,569 |
| Density | 390/km2 (1,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Colombia Standard Time) |
| Area code | 878 |
| Website | http://www.palermo-huila.gov.co |
| 1. "Resultados y proyecciones (2005-2020) del censo 2005". Retrieved 17 April 2020. | |


title: Paratopeliopsis

abstract: Paratopeliopsis is a single-species fungal genus in the family Graphidaceae. It contains the species Paratopeliopsis caraibica, a corticolous (bark-dwelling), leprose lichen found in Puerto Rico's forests, where it cohabits with mosses on tree trunks. This lichen sets itself apart from other species in the tribe Thelotremateae, particularly those within the genus Topeliopsis, primarily due to its flour-like (farinose) thallus and its comparatively small, brown spores.

text:
# Paratopeliopsis

***Paratopeliopsis*** is a single-species fungal genus in the family Graphidaceae. It contains the species ***Paratopeliopsis caraibica***, a corticolous (bark-dwelling), leprose lichen found in Puerto Rico's forests, where it cohabits with mosses on tree trunks. This lichen sets itself apart from other species in the tribe Thelotremateae, particularly those within the genus *Topeliopsis*, primarily due to its flour-like (farinose) thallus and its comparatively small, brown spores.

## Taxonomy

The genus *Paratopeliopsis* was circumscribed in 2014 by lichenologists Joel Mercado-Díaz, Robert Lücking, and Sittiporn Parnmen. The genus name alludes to its similarity to the ascomata of the genus *Topeliopsis*, despite the two being only distantly related. The species epithet *caraibica* makes reference to an expected distribution throughout the Caribbean. The type specimen was found in Naguabo, Puerto Rico, specifically in the Barrio Río Blanco, on the trunk of a *Cyrilla racemiflora* tree. Molecular data suggested a distinct place for *Paratopeliopsis caraibica* within the tribe Thelotremateae, as it does not align closely with any of the currently accepted genera.

Despite the initial confusion of the authors, *Paratopeliopsis caraibica* is not closely related to the genus *Topeliopsis*. Its ascomata may appear similar to *Topeliopsis*, but molecular data suggests a significant genetic divergence. Further research is necessary to fully understand the boundaries of the genus and its relationship with other lichen species.

## Description

The thallus of *Paratopeliopsis caraibica* is corticolous, growing on the bark of trees and over adjacent mosses. Its continuous, flour-like surface exhibits a light greyish-green colour with a bluish tinge and can reach up to 5 cm (2 in) in diameter. The photobiont, *Trentepohlia*, consists of densely packed, olive-green cells that are rounded to irregular in shape. The ascomata are small, rounded, and crowded, with flesh-coloured to grey-brown discs. The ascospores are grey-brown, elliptical, three-septate, and have a length 2–3 times their width, with dimensions of 10–12 by 4–5 μm.

## Similar species

*Paratopeliopsis caraibica* was initially identified as *Thelotrema byssoideum*, a species native to Borneo and commonly found in tropical Southeast Asia and Australia. Both species share characteristics like a leprose thallus, small crowded ascomata, and grey-brown, three-septate ascospores. However, *Thelotrema byssoideum* differs in its felty thallus, larger, ornamented ascospores, and the presence of psoromic acid as a secondary compound. These differences, along with molecular data, indicate that while both species may appear similar, they belong to different tribes.

## Habitat and distribution

This lichen species inhabits the shady understory of the palo colorado forest within El Yunque National Forest in Puerto Rico. It has been observed growing amidst mosses on the trunk of a *Cyrilla racemiflora* tree, suggesting a preference for such environments.

## InfoBox

| *Paratopeliopsis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Graphidales |
| Family: | Graphidaceae |
| Genus: | *Paratopeliopsis*
Merc.-Díaz, Lücking & Parnmen (2014) |
| Species: | ***P. caraibica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Paratopeliopsis caraibica***
Merc.-Díaz, Lücking & Parnmen (2014) | |
|


title: Paranocarodes

abstract: Paranocarodes is a genus of European and western Asian grasshoppers belonging to the family Pamphagidae, erected by Ignacio Bolívar in 1916. Belonging to the tribe Nocarodeini, species can be found from Greece through to Iran.

text:
# Paranocarodes

| External image | |
| --- | --- |
| Images at iNaturalist | |

***Paranocarodes*** is a genus of European and western Asian grasshoppers belonging to the family Pamphagidae, erected by Ignacio Bolívar in 1916. Belonging to the tribe Nocarodeini, species can be found from Greece through to Iran.

## Species

The *Orthoptera Species File* lists:

species group *lubricus* Mistshenko, 1951 1. *Paranocarodes anatoliensis* Demirsoy, 1973
2. *Paranocarodes beieri* (Ramme, 1951)
3. *Paranocarodes brevipes* Ramme, 1951
4. *Paranocarodes chopardi* Peshev, 1965
5. *Paranocarodes lubricus* Mistshenko, 1951
6. *Paranocarodes turkmen* Ünal, 2014

species group *straubei*  (Fieber, 1853) 1. *Paranocarodes fieberi* (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882)
2. *Paranocarodes karabagi* (Demirsoy, 1973)
3. *Paranocarodes straubei* (Fieber, 1853) \- **type species** (as *Pamphagus straubei* Fieber)
4. *Paranocarodes tolunayi* Ramme, 1949

## InfoBox

| *Paranocarodes* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Orthoptera |
| Suborder: | Caelifera |
| Family: | Pamphagidae |
| Subfamily: | Pamphaginae |
| Tribe: | Nocarodeini |
| Genus: | *Paranocarodes*<br>Bolívar, 1916 |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Ananothrodes* Demirsoy, 1973 * *Ananothrotes* Mistshenko, 1951 * *Granulodes* Ramme, 1951 * *Pseudosavalania* Demirsoy, 1973 * *Pseudosavaliana* Presa & García, 1983 | |


title: Fear Stalks the Village

abstract: Fear Stalks the Village is a 1932 mystery novel by the British writer Ethel Lina White. It was her second novel in the genre, and was published by Ward, Lock & Co. It was later published in the United States by Harper Brothers due to the author's growing reputation.

text:
# Fear Stalks the Village

***Fear Stalks the Village*** is a 1932 mystery novel by the British writer Ethel Lina White. It was her second novel in the genre, and was published by Ward, Lock & Co. It was later published in the United States by Harper Brothers due to the author's growing reputation.

## Synopsis

In an seemingly idyllic English village, the peace is shattered by a series of poison pen letters dredging up long-buried secrets about the various leading inhabitants. This soon has deadly consequences, and Joan Brook working as a paid companion for Lady D'Arcy finds herself in the middle of it.

## Bibliography

* Bourgeau, Art. *The Mystery Lover's Companion*. Crown, 1986.
* Reilly, John M. *Twentieth Century Crime & Mystery Writers*. Springer, 2015.

## InfoBox

Fear Stalks the Village
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Ethel Lina White |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Mystery |
| Publisher | Ward, Lock & Co. |
| Publication date | 1932 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Print |


title: Palermo (Buenos Aires Underground)

abstract: Palermo is a station on Line D of the Buenos Aires Underground in Palermo, Buenos Aires. It is located at the intersection of Avenida Santa Fe and Godoy Cruz. The station was opened on 23 February 1940 as the western terminus of the extension of Line D from Tribunales. On 29 December 1987, the line was extended to Ministro Carranza. It is a transfer point for the Metrobús that runs along Juan B. Justo avenue and Palermo station on the San Martín Line commuter rail service.

text:
# Palermo (Buenos Aires Underground)

**Palermo** is a station on Line D of the Buenos Aires Underground in Palermo, Buenos Aires. It is located at the intersection of Avenida Santa Fe and Godoy Cruz. The station was opened on 23 February 1940 as the western terminus of the extension of Line D from Tribunales. On 29 December 1987, the line was extended to Ministro Carranza.

It is a transfer point for the Metrobús that runs along Juan B. Justo avenue and Palermo station on the San Martín Line commuter rail service.

Media related to Palermo (Buenos Aires Underground) at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Palermo | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Av. Santa Fe and Av. Juan B. Justo |
| Coordinates | 34°34′42.6″S 58°25′32.4″W / 34.578500°S 58.425667°W / -34.578500; -58.425667 |
| Platforms | Island platforms |
| Connections | San Martín Line and |
| History | |
| Opened | 23 February 1940 |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Buenos Aires Underground Following station  Ministro Carranzatowards Congreso de Tucumán  Line D  Plaza Italiatowards Catedral | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Paravisión

abstract: Paravisión, sometimes known as Canal 5, is a Paraguayan free-to-air television channel owned by Albavisión which broadcasts news programs, sports, entertainment, imported TV shows, among others. It is available on DTT in the capital city of Asunción, broadcasting on UHF channel 19 since September 2018.

text:
# Paravisión

**Paravisión**, sometimes known as **Canal 5**, is a Paraguayan free-to-air television channel owned by Albavisión which broadcasts news programs, sports, entertainment, imported TV shows, among others.

It is available on DTT in the capital city of Asunción, broadcasting on UHF channel 19 (or virtual channel 19.1) since September 2018.

## History

The channel initially broadcast from premises in Villa Morra, where in 2007 it had a staff of seven. By the late 2000s it had increased its coverage to all of the major urban centers. The network broadcast on the VHF band nationwide except in Encarnación where it was broadcast on a UHF frequency (14). The offices received a bomb threat on October 1, 2012. The channel relocated its offices to the Sajonia neighborhood in 2013, where its sister channel SNT is located. By then, the staff had increased to 80.

## InfoBox

Paravisión
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Paraguay |
| Broadcast area | Paraguay |
| Headquarters | Asunción, Paraguay |
| Programming | |
| Picture format | 1080i HDTV |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | SNT (Albavisión) |
| Sister channels | SNT, C9N |
| History | |
| Launched | May 10, 1967 (1967-05-10) |
| Links | |
| Website | www.paravision.com.py |
| Availability | |
|  | |
| Terrestrial | |
| Digital UHF | Channel 19.1 (HD) |
| Analog VHF | Channel 5 (Asunción, listings may vary) |
|  | |


title: Fantaghirò 2

abstract: Fantaghirò 2 is the second television film in the Fantaghirò series, directed by Lamberto Bava and originally aired in 1992 as a two-parter. Most of the principal cast of the previous film returned for this instalment. The story of Fantaghirò 2 tells the continuing adventures of the titular princess, daughter of a king without a male heir, as she and Prince Romualdo are finally about to get married. However, Princess Fantaghirò is soon forced to fight for his heart against the wicked Dark Witch who opposes their pure relationship and has cast her love spell over the prince, and so Fantaghirò heads towards the Dark Kingdom to defeat the evil queen.

text:
# Fantaghirò 2

***Fantaghirò 2*** (also known as ***The Cave of the Golden Rose 2***) is the second television film in the *Fantaghirò* series, directed by Lamberto Bava and originally aired in 1992 as a two-parter (and so is known in certain releases as *Fantaghirò 3* and *Fantaghirò 4* due to the previous instalment being a two-parter as well). Most of the principal cast of the previous film returned for this instalment.

The story of *Fantaghirò 2* tells the continuing adventures of the titular princess (Alessandra Martines), daughter of a king without a male heir (Mario Adorf), as she and Prince Romualdo (Kim Rossi Stuart) are finally about to get married. However, Princess Fantaghirò is soon forced to fight for his heart against the wicked Dark Witch (Brigitte Nielsen) who opposes their pure relationship and has cast her love spell over the prince, and so Fantaghirò heads towards the Dark Kingdom to defeat the evil queen.

## Plot

### Part 1

Following the events of the first film, Princess Fantaghirò and King Romualdo are due to be married. The love between the two youths pushes the King to abdicate in favour of Fantaghirò, who will marry Romualdo. But the Dark Witch, an evil ruler of the faraway Dark Kingdom, is disgusted by the purity of their love and wishes to destroy it, and to this end she kidnaps Fantaghirò's father, demanding the kingdom of Fantaghirò in exchange for her life.

The couple holds off their wedding so Romualdo can lead their army to save Fantaghirò's father. On the journey to the Dark Kingdom, Romualdo, and his men encounter Forest Elves and their Queen, who force them to submit to a series of tests to prove that their intentions are pure. Romualdo passes them and the army continues on their way. They eventually reach the borders of the Dark Kingdom where they make camp for the night. As they are resting, the Dark Witch, magically disguised to look like Fantaghirò, arrives and gets Romualdo to kiss her. He faints and the evil queen takes him to her Dark Castle where she makes him her lover.

### Part 2

The real Fantaghirò has decided to secretly go to the Dark Kingdom on her own. She cuts her hair again and travels with her horse Golden Mane and friend the White Witch who transforms herself into a goose. Along the way, she encounters bandits led by the Lemon Gobbler, but she manages to escape. When she arrives at Romualdo's camp, she finds it abandoned. Fantaghirò enters the Dark Castle and learns that Romualdo's men have all been thrown in the dungeon. She negotiates with the Dark King to have a single duel between Fantaghirò and the Dark Kingdom's champion to decide the victor to avoid a war, with the losing kingdom submitting to the other. The king agrees but, Fantaghirò is shocked to discover that she has to fight her beloved, Romualdo, who has forgotten all about her and now loves the witch to the point of worship.

While Fantaghirò and Romualdo are duelling, the Dark Witch's minions Bolt and Lightning rebel against their mistress and drug her into sleep. Bolt and Lightning release Romualdo's men, who subdue Romualdo, stopping him from killing Fantaghirò. The group flees from the castle, taking Romualdo, as well as the Dark King as a hostage. Everyone's able to escape the Dark Kingdom except Romualdo, who runs back to the witch, and Fantaghirò, who chases after Romualdo and is forced to face the powerful witch in an uneven duel. Fantaghirò wins with her wits, by daring her enemy to turn herself into a crystal form, which the princess then smashes using a talking stone that she had found earlier in her adventure. With the Dark Witch gone, the Dark King is revealed to be Fantaghirò's father, who was bewitched to forget his true self.

It seems that Fantaghirò's victory put an end to all the witch's spells, as the Dark King reverts to being himself and Fantaghirò and Romualdo return to their castle. However, Romualdo's memories do not return. The desperate Fantaghirò, with the help of her protector the White Witch, recreates the events where they crossed paths for the first time. Romualdo starts to regain his memories but it turns out that a magical remnant of the Dark Witch has been hiding in his mind. She reappears to transform Fantaghirò into a lowly creature, but the White Witch and Lightning together manage to destroy the Dark Witch completely. Romualdo then guesses correctly that Fantaghirò has been turned into an ugly toad, and upon kissing her, the two are reunited again as their true love triumphed over evil.

## Cast

## Production

Director and producer Lamberto Bava made *Fantaghirò 2* in Czechoslovakia to limit the costs. It was shot in July 1992 at Bojnice Castle, Bouzov Castle, a park and an artificial castle in Lednice, and in-studio in Bratislava by a mixed Italian and Czechoslovak crew of over 100. The film's special effects were created by Armando Valcauda, known from his work on the horror film *Demons* and its sequels, and the costumes were designed by Marisa D 'Andrea. The production cost 6 billion Italian lira.

Kim Rossi Stuart claimed that he enjoyed the role of the evil Romulado, nicknamed "Romul' altro" ("Romul 'other") by the film crew, saying that "naughty second identity" was more fun to play than the "sympathetic cliché" of an honest and fair Romualdo, and especially liking the scenes of him being intimate with Brigitte Nielsen's sultry Dark Witch. During the filming of the fight between Romualdo and Fantaghiro, performed with no stunt doubles, his sword actually struck Alessandra Martines in the head, luckily causing no severe injury; Martines went to the hospital while still wearing her costume. Nielsen said her character was to be "more than a witch, but a queen, the type of Grimilde" from Disney's *Snow White*. Ángela Molina, who have both played both the White Witch and the White Knight in the first *Fantaghirò*, was replaced by Katarina Kolajova for the second film; Kolajova later married Cataldo's actor Stefano Davanzati whom she met on the set.

## Release

The film premiered on Canale 5, broadcast in two parts. The first part was originally scheduled for 21 December but was aired one day earlier to avoid the competition of the final episode of the sixth season of crime drama *La piovra*. The move sparked a "chain reaction" of programs being accordingly shuffled on other Italian channels. *Fantaghirò 2* was later dubbed into multiple languages for foreign television broadcasts and released on home video (VHS and DVD) in Italy and several other countries. The film and its prequel and sequel were recut (reduced and intersected with each other) into a 200-minute compilation film titled *La meravigliosa storia di Fantaghirò* ("The Wonderful Story of Fantaghirò") in 1995.

## Reception

*Fantaghiro 2* proved to be a commercial success, receiving the audience of 6,601,000 (25.11%) (first part) and 9,160,000 (30,6%) (second part) when first aired in Italy. Polish weekly *Tele Tydzień* gave it three stars out of five. Italian daily *Corriere della Sera* hailed the film maker Lamberto Bava, saying he has learnt the lessons of his father and comparing his work to Ridley Scott's *Legend*, and also applauding Brigitte Nielsen for her "difficult" role as the Black Witch. Nielsen's character was received so well that the popular villainess later returned for three successive chapters of the saga. Critique Film's Erika Musiedlak retrospectively opined it was the last *Fantaghirò* film worth watching, also praising Nielsen's "flawless" acting as a "marvelously diabolical" antagonist.

## Sequel

In the 1993 sequel, Fantaghirò fights against the handsome but cruel wizard Tarabas (Nicholas Rogers) and his mother, the witch Xellesia (Ursula Andress), to bring back to life the prince Romualdo, turned into a stone statue, and save the child princess Esmeralda.

## InfoBox

| *Fantaghirò 2* | |
| --- | --- |
| German DVD cover | |
| Written by | Gianni Romoli |
| Directed by | Lamberto Bava |
| Starring | Alessandra Martines
Kim Rossi Stuart
Brigitte Nielsen |
| Music by | Amedeo Minghi |
| Country of origin | Italy |
| Original language | Italian |
| Production | |
| Producers | Lamberto Bava
Andrea Piazzesi |
| Cinematography | Gianlorenzo Battaglia |
| Editor | Piero Bozza |
| Running time | 200 minutes (2 parts) |
| Production company | RAI |
| Budget | Over 5 billion Italian lira |
| Original release | |
| Network | Canale 5 |
| Release | 20 December 1992 (1992-12-20) |


title: Felix Duchampt

abstract: Felix Duchampt is a Romanian triathlete. He competed in the men's event at the 2020 Summer Olympics. Duchampt ran for the Queens Royals track and field and cross country teams, where he was an All-American in cross country running.

text:
# Felix Duchampt

**Felix Duchampt** (born 5 September 1989) is a Romanian triathlete. He competed in the men's event at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

Duchampt ran for the Queens Royals track and field and cross country teams, where he was an All-American in cross country running.

## InfoBox

Felix Duchampt
| Felix Duchampt 2024 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Nationality | Romanian |
| Born | (1989-09-05) 5 September 1989<br>Clermont-Ferrand, France |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Triathlon |


title: FC Bobruisk

abstract: FC Bobruisk is a defunct Belarusian football club from Bobruisk. They disbanded in 1995.

text:
# FC Bobruisk

**FC Bobruisk** is a defunct Belarusian football club from Bobruisk. They disbanded in 1995.

## History

The team was formed in late 1984 as *Traktor Bobruisk*. During Soviet years, they played in the Belarusian SSR league.

From 1992 until 1995, the team was playing in the Belarusian Premier League. In late 1992, they changed name to *Fandok Bobruisk* and 1995 to *FC Bobruisk*. After unsuccessful 1995 season, they finished last with only 2 points in 15 games. The team was disbanded.

### Name changes

* 1984: Founded as FC Traktor Bobruisk
* 1992: Renamed to FC Fandok Bobruisk
* 1995: Renamed to FC Bobruisk

## Honours

## League and Cup history

| Season | Level | Pos | Pld | W | D | L | Goals | Points | Domestic Cup | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1992 | 1st | **4** | 15 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 13–10 | **19** | Quarterfinals |  |
| 1992–93 | 1st | **6** | 32 | 15 | 10 | 7 | 37–20 | **40** | Round of 32 |  |
| 1993–94 | 1st | **5** | 30 | 13 | 7 | 10 | 32–25 | **33** | Runners-up |  |
| 1994–95 | 1st | **12** | 30 | 8 | 12 | 10 | 31–36 | **28** | Round of 32 |  |
| 1995 | 1st | **16** | 15 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 6–54 | **2** | Round of 321 | Relegated, disbanded |

* **1** Withdrew before the first game.

## European results

* Q = Qualification

| Season | Competition | Round | Country | Team | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1994–95 | Cup Winners' Cup | Q |  | SK Tirana | 4–1, 0–3 |
|

## InfoBox

Bobruisk
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Football Club Bobruisk |
| Founded | 1984 |
| Dissolved | 1995 |
| Ground | Spartak Stadium, Bobruisk, Belarus |


title: Paribagh

abstract: Paribagh is a neighborhood of Dhaka. It is situated in the north of Shahbagh. It was once the residence of the Dhaka Nawab family. It is now popular for the food street located on Old Elephant Road.

text:
# Paribagh

**Paribagh** is a neighborhood of Dhaka. It is situated in the north of Shahbagh. It was once the residence of the Dhaka Nawab family. It is now popular for the food street located on Old Elephant Road.

## Name

There are two theories about the naming of Paribagh area. According to many, Paribagh area is named after Pari Bano, daughter of Nawab Bahadur Sir Khwaja Ahsanullah. Pari Bano was the half-sister of Khwaja Salimullah. It was the garden house of Nawabs of Dhaka. Before that the area belonged to Hindu landlords. Salimullah bought the area from the Hindu landlords. The garden house came to be known as Paribagh as the abode of Pari Bano. Another view is that Salimullah visited Patna without informing his father. He married Pari Begum there. As Pari Begum used to live in Paribagh, the area is named Paribagh.

## History

In this area in 1902 Khwaja Salimullah planned to build a garden house of Dhaka Nawab family. There were many low places in this area which were always waterlogged. He filled the low lands and made gardens there. He built many buildings in this area, one of which is the Paribagh House. Three years after starting work on the garden, he established a mosque in the area which still exists. In 1952, after the government of Pakistan confiscated the property of the Nawab family of Dhaka, Khwaja Habibullah, another member of the family, started to build a residence called Green House in the area. Since then, most of the members of the family lived in Paribagh.

## Food street

There is a street food zone in this area. The street food zone is located on Old Elephant Road. In every evening, makeshift food stalls line both sides of the street. It is one of the popular food streets in Dhaka.

## InfoBox

| Paribagh পরীবাগ | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| ParibaghLocation in DhakaParibaghLocation in Dhaka DivisionParibaghLocation in Bangladesh | |
| Coordinates: 23°44′37″N 90°23′37″E / 23.7436704°N 90.393665°E / 23.7436704; 90.393665 | |
| Country | Bangladesh |
| Division | Dhaka Division |
| District | Dhaka District |
| Government | |
| Type | City corporation |
| Body | DSCC |
| Languages | |
| National | Bengali |
| Time zone | UTC+6:00 (BST) |
| PIN code | 1205 |


title: Famatina (plant)

abstract: Famatina was a small genus of South American bulbous plants identified by the Chilean botanist Ravenna in 1972. Five species have been described. Molecular phylogenetic studies suggested the genus was polyphyletic, and species have been moved to other genera.

text:
# Famatina (plant)

***Famatina*** was a small genus of South American bulbous plants identified by the Chilean botanist Ravenna in 1972. Five species have been described. Molecular phylogenetic studies suggested the genus was polyphyletic, and species have been moved to other genera.

## Taxonomy

Molecular phylogenetic studies suggested the genus was polyphyletic. Of four species examined, one (*F. maulensis*) segregated in a clade together with members of the Traubiinae subtribe, while the remaining three (*F. andina*, *F. cisandina*, and *F. herbertiana*) segregated with members of subtribe Hippeastrinae. The first species is now placed in the genus *Phycella*, the others in the genus *Zephyranthes*.

### Subdivision

Described species:

## Distribution and habitat

Chile and Argentinean Andes in Mediterranean zones. Moreira-Muñoz considers 2 of the five species endemic to Chile.

## Bibliography

* Moreira-Muñoz, Andrés (2011). *Plant geography of Chile*. Dordrecht: Springer. ISBN 9789048187485.
* García, Nicolás; Meerow, Alan W.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S. (1 March 2014). "Testing Deep Reticulate Evolution in Amaryllidaceae Tribe Hippeastreae (Asparagales) with ITS and Chloroplast Sequence Data". *Systematic Botany*. **39** (1): 75–89. doi:10.1600/036364414X678099. S2CID 86117335.
* Ravenna, P (1972). "*Famatina* gen. nov., Amaryllidaceae". *Plant Life*. **28**: 55–62.
* Ravenna, P (1981). "Contributions to South American Amaryllidaceae VII". *Plant Life*. **37**: 57–83.
* Ravenna, P. (2003a). "Elucidation and systematics of the Chilean genera of Amaryllidaceae". *Botanica Australis*. **2**: 1–20.
* Urbina-Casanova, Rafael; Saldivia, Patricio; Scherson, Rosa A. (December 2015). "Consideraciones sobre la sistemática de las familias y los géneros de plantas vasculares endémicos de Chile". *Gayana. Botánica* (in Spanish). **72** (2): 272–295. doi:10.4067/S0717-66432015000200011.
* "Search for 'Famatina'". *World Checklist of Selected Plant Families*. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
* "Tropicos". Missouri Botanical Garden. 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2015.

Chileflora


title: Federalist No. 76

abstract: Federalist No. 76, written by Alexander Hamilton, was published on April 1, 1788. The Federalist Papers are a series of eighty-five essays written to urge the ratification of the United States Constitution. These letters were written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the name of Publius in the late 1780s. This paper discusses the arrangement of the power of appointment and the system of checks and balances. The title is "The Appointing Power of the Executive", and is the tenth in a series of 11 essays discussing the powers and limitations of the Executive branch. There are three options for entrusting power: a single individual, a select congregation, or an individual with the unanimity of the assembly. Hamilton supported bestowing the president with the nominating power but the ratifying power would be granted to the senate in order to have a process with the least bias.

text:
# Federalist No. 76

**Federalist No. 76**, written by Alexander Hamilton, was published on April 1, 1788. *The Federalist Papers* are a series of eighty-five essays written to urge the ratification of the United States Constitution. These letters were written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the name of Publius in the late 1780s. This paper discusses the arrangement of the power of appointment and the system of checks and balances. The title is "**The Appointing Power of the Executive**", and is the tenth in a series of 11 essays discussing the powers and limitations of the Executive branch. There are three options for entrusting power: a single individual, a select congregation, or an individual with the unanimity of the assembly. Hamilton supported bestowing the president with the nominating power but the ratifying power would be granted to the senate in order to have a process with the least bias.

## Purpose

The President is to appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States. Alongside the President when making these decisions is the Senate who is to give consent to such choices. "Appointments could be made in three ways, by a single person, by a select assembly of moderate number, or by a single man with concurrence of the assembly." By law, the Congress may vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper in the President alone, or in the courts of law, or even in the heads of departments.

## Background/Context

Hamilton saw that an appointing power of an executive was a huge decision not only for the Senate but for the entirety of the United States. Hamilton saw that without this article the United States could fall back into what they had just gotten out of, a tyranny. A President with absolute appointing power would be too similar to when the King of England had control over the United States. However, having it vice versa with the President having less appointing power than the Senate, would cause more arguments than needed to run a smoothly operating government. Hamilton's conclusion was based on his two ideas. The President can appoint a qualified person to the Senate and it is up to the Senate to see if they are the right nomination or not.

## The Constitution

Ratified in 1781, the Articles of Confederation originally depicted the nation's government when it was a confederation of states. Under the Articles of Confederation, the Congress of the Confederation was the legislature that had overarching power and authority, including that of appointments.

In 1787, at the Philadelphia Convention, a proposal for a new system of government was constructed. Rather than having a single authoritative and dominating body, the delegates devised a plan for three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. Not only this, but the system of checks and balances was also created in order to prevent unequal power amongst branches. The new structure of government was a key ideal written in the Constitution of the United States, signed on September 17, 1787 by delegates of the Continental Congress.

In regards to Federalist Paper 76, the essay discusses the arrangement of the power of appointment and the distribution of power. Hamilton wrote Federalist 76 in support of the proposals from the US Constitutional Convention.

## Summary

Publius begins this essay by quoting the Appointments Clause of the proposed United States Constitution. Publius then states that "it is not easy to conceive a plan better calculated than this" and explains why he believes that is so. He explains that the power of appointment can only be allocated in one of three ways: vested in a single man, in a "select assembly of a moderate number," or in a single man with concurrence by an assembly.

First, he explains that such power vested in a single man would make him sway to personal inclinations and attachments. Thus, this was not the best option. Second, he explains that power vested in an assembly would make the group prone to compromise, where one's personal inclination for one appointment would lead him to compromise on another in the hope that others will do the same for his. Again, this would not work very well.

The only possible option left was to place the Appointment power with the President, by and with the consent of the Senate. According to Publius, this arrangement would ensure that the nominated candidate's qualifications were taken into account by the Senate and fully considered before the appointment was completed.

Publius concludes by explaining that the Constitution was written to provide important safeguards to ensure against tyranny.

## Modern Analysis and Reaction

Hamilton believes it is the right of the President to nominate, and with the advice and consent of the Senate to appoint. History has put Hamilton's idea in dispute. Even during Washington's presidency, the Senate rejected the President's nominee not because he lacked the necessary qualifications but because they preferred a different candidate. Supreme Court nominations have long been widely accepted as a Presidential right, but the role of the Senate to give advice and consent has been inoperative. Almost every president has gotten whom they've nominated; some commentators view this as mere confirmation rather than "consent." This leads to the question of what it means for the Senate to "advise and consent." The role of the Senate is to look at the qualifications of the nominee, not the nominee's ideology or party.

## InfoBox

Federalist No. 76
| Alexander Hamilton, author of Federalist No. 76 | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Alexander Hamilton |
| Original title | *The Appointing Power of the Executive* |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | The Independent Journal, New York Packet, The Daily Advertiser |
| Publication date | April 1, 1788 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Newspaper |
| Preceded by | *Federalist No. 75* |
| Followed by | *Federalist No. 77* |