title: Michael Hammond

abstract: Michael Hammond is an American linguist and professor at the University of Arizona. He was head of the Department of Linguistics from 2001 to 2011. He is the author or editor of six books on a variety of topics from Syntactic Typology, The Phonology of English, to Computational linguistics. He is known for his research on meter and poetics. He has also published more than 40 articles and presented at over 60 conferences on these topics. He serves on the editorial board of several major journals.

text:
# Michael Hammond

**Michael Hammond** (born 1957) is an American linguist and professor at the University of Arizona. He was head of the Department of Linguistics from 2001 to 2011. He is the author or editor of six books on a variety of topics from Syntactic Typology, The Phonology of English, to Computational linguistics. He is known for his research on meter and poetics. He has also published more than 40 articles and presented at over 60 conferences on these topics. He serves on the editorial board of several major journals.

## Education and early career

Hammond received his BA in linguistics from UCLA in 1979 and his PhD in 1984. His PhD thesis on phonology was published as part of the Outstanding Dissertations in Linguistics series. From 1983 to 1984 he was an assistant professor in the Department of Linguistics at the University of Minnesota, and from 1984 to 1988 at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. He joined the University of Arizona faculty in 1988.

## Selected publications

**Books**

* Hammond, Michael T.; Michael P. Noonan (1988). *Theoretical Morphology: Approaches in Modern Linguistics*. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-322046-2.
* Hammond, Michael (1999). *The Phonology of English : A Prosodic Optimality-Theoretic Approach*. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-158355-1.

**Articles and book chapters**

## InfoBox

| Michael Hammond | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1957 (age 6667) |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater | University of California, Los Angeles (BA, PhD) |
| Thesis | *Constraining Metrical Theory: A Modular Theory of Rhythm and Destressing* (1984) |
| Doctoral advisor | Bruce Hayes |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Linguist |
| Institutions | University of Arizona |
|  | |


title: Pope Jacob of Alexandria

abstract: Pope Jacob of Alexandria, also known as James, was the 50th Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the See of St. Mark from 819 to 830. Pope Jacob ordained Abuna Yohannes as the head of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, according to the History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria; however, civil war, drought, and plague in Ethiopia forced Yohannes to return to Alexandria, where he remained through Pope Jacob's tenure.

text:
# Pope Jacob of Alexandria

**Pope Jacob of Alexandria**, also known as **James**, was the 50th Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the See of St. Mark from 819 to 830.

Pope Jacob ordained Abuna Yohannes as the head of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, according to the *History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria*; however, civil war, drought, and plague in Ethiopia forced Yohannes to return to Alexandria, where he remained through Pope Jacob's tenure.

## InfoBox

| Saint<br>Jacob of Alexandria | |
| --- | --- |
| Pope of Alexandria & Patriarch of the See of St. Mark | |
| Papacy began | 819 |
| Papacy ended | 21 February 830 |
| Predecessor | Mark II |
| Successor | Joseph I |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Egypt |
| Died | 21 February 830 |
| Buried | Tanda, Egypt |
| Nationality | Egyptian |
| Denomination | Coptic Orthodox Christian |
| Residence | Saint Mark's Church |
| Sainthood | |
| Feast day | 21 February (14 Amshir in the Coptic calendar) |


title: Nanjian Town

abstract: Nanjian is a town in and the county seat of Nanjian Yi Autonomous County, Yunnan, China. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 49,854 and an area of 362.93-square-kilometre (140.13 sq mi). It is the political, economic and cultural center of Nanjian Yi Autonomous County.

text:
# Nanjian Town

**Nanjian** (simplified Chinese: 南涧镇; traditional Chinese: 南澗鎮; pinyin: *Nánjiàn Zhèn*) is a town in and the county seat of Nanjian Yi Autonomous County, Yunnan, China. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 49,854 and an area of 362.93-square-kilometre (140.13 sq mi). It is the political, economic and cultural center of Nanjian Yi Autonomous County.

## Administrative division

As of 2018, the town is divided into one community and thirteen villages:

* South Street Community (南街社区)
* Anding (安定村)
* Xishan (西山村)
* Xiaojunzhuang (小军庄村)
* Tuanshan (团山村)
* Bao'an (保安村)
* Wazhe (瓦折村)
* Wenqi (文启村)
* Dongyong (东涌村)
* Desheng (得胜村)
* Yaiping (太平村)
* Fuxing (复兴村)
* Baiyun (白云村)
* Xinshan (新山村)

## History

After the founding of the Communist State in 1949, the Nanjian District (南涧分区) was set up. During the Great Leap Forward, it was renamed "Nanjian Commune" (南涧公社) in 1958. In 1969 it was upgraded to a town. In 1988 its name was changed to "Desheng Township" (得胜乡). In 2002, the Desheng Township was revoked and Nanjian became a town after reorganization.

## Geography

It is surrounded by Weishan Yi and Hui Autonomous County and Midu County on the north, Leqiu Township and Weishan Yi and Hui Autonomous County on the west, Midu County on the east, and Yongcui Township and Baohua Town on the south.

The highest point is Taiji Peak (太极顶), elevation 3,061 metres (10,043 ft). The lowest point is the bottom of Nanjian River (南涧河底), which, at 1,310 metres (4,300 ft) above sea level.

The town experiences a subtropical monsoon climate, with an average annual temperature of 19.1 °C (66.4 °F), total annual rainfall of 737.5-millimetre (29.04 in), a frost-free period of 305 days and annual average sunshine hours in 2443 hours.

## Economy

The main industries in and around the town are commerce, forestry and farming. Commercial crops include tobacco, *Juglans sigillata*, and vegetable.

## Demographics

Population census
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2005 | 45,391 |  |
| 2020 | 49,854 | +9.8% |
| Source: | | |

As of 2020, the National Bureau of Statistics of China estimates the township's population now to be 49,854.

## Transportation

The township is crossed by the China National Highway G214.

### Bibliography

* A Huaicong, ed. (2008). "Administrative divisions" 行政区划. 《南涧彝族自治县概况》 \[*General Situation of Nanjian Yi Autonomous County*\] (in Chinese). Beijing: Nationalities Publishing House. ISBN 978-7-105-08580-4.

## InfoBox

| Nanjian Town 南涧镇 | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Nanjian TownLocation in Yunnan. | |
| Coordinates: 25°03′11″N 100°31′23″E / 25.05306°N 100.52306°E / 25.05306; 100.52306 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Yunnan |
| Autonomous prefecture | Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture |
| Autonomous county | Nanjian Yi Autonomous County |
| Designated (town) | 1969 |
| Area | |
| Total | 362.93 km2 (140.13 sq mi) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 49,854 |
| Density | 140/km2 (360/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+08:00 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 675799 |
| Area code | 0872 |


abstract: The New South Wales Individual Speedway Championship is a Motorcycle speedway championship held annually in New South Wales to determine the NSW State champion. The event is organised by the NSW Solo Riders' Association and is sanctioned by Motorcycling Australia (MA). Billy Sanders from Sydney holds the record for the most number of NSW Championship wins with eight between 1976 and 1985. From his first win in 1976 until his last win in 1985, with the exception of 1983 when no title was run, Sanders was the only winner of the NSW title. Seven international riders have won the NSW Solo Championship. Tiger Stevenson, Jack Milne, Wilbur Lamoreaux, Jack Parker, Ken McKinlay, Eric Boocock and Ole Olsen.

text:
# New South Wales Individual Speedway Championship

The **New South Wales Individual Speedway Championship** is a Motorcycle speedway championship held annually in New South Wales to determine the NSW State champion. The event is organised by the NSW Solo Riders' Association and is sanctioned by Motorcycling Australia (MA).

Billy Sanders from Sydney holds the record for the most number of NSW Championship wins with eight between 1976 and 1985. From his first win in 1976 until his last win in 1985, with the exception of 1983 when no title was run, Sanders was the only winner of the NSW title.

Seven international riders have won the NSW Solo Championship. Tiger Stevenson (England - 1934), Jack Milne (USA - 1937), Wilbur Lamoreaux (USA - 1938), Jack Parker (England - 1951 & 1952), Ken McKinlay (Scotland - 1960), Eric Boocock (England - 1968) and Ole Olsen (Denmark - 1972).

## Winners since 1930/31

*All riders from NSW unless otherwise stated.*

| Year | Venue | City | **Winners** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1930/31 | Maitland Showground
Cumberland Oval | Maitland
Sydney | Mick Murphy
Bobby Blake |
| 1931/32 | Cumberland Oval | Sydney | John Allen |
| 1932/33 | *Not Held* | |
| 1933/34 | Cumberland Oval
Sydney Showground Speedway | Sydney | Wally Little
Tiger Stevenson () |
| 1934/35 | Sydney Showground Speedway | Sydney | Bluey Wilkinson |
| 1935/36 | Sydney Showground Speedway | Sydney | Max Grosskreutz |
| 1936/37 | Sydney Showground Speedway | Sydney | Jack Milne () |
| 1937/38 | Sydney Sports Ground
Sydney Showground Speedway | Sydney | Wilbur Lamoreaux ()
Bluey Wilkinson |
| 1938/39 | Sydney Sports Ground | Sydney | Bluey Wilkinson |
| 1939/40 | Sydney Sports Ground | Sydney | Vic Duggan |
| 1940/41 | Sydney Sports Ground | Sydney | Lionel Van Praag |
| 1941-1945 | *Not Held due to World War II* | |
| 1945/46 | Sydney Sports Ground | Sydney | Max Grosskreutz |
| 1946/47 | Sydney Sports Ground | Sydney | Vic Duggan |
| 1947/48 | Newcastle Showground | Newcastle | Aub Lawson |
| 1948/49 | Sydney Showground Speedway | Sydney | Bill Rogers (Vic) |
| 1949/50 | Sydney Sports Ground | Sydney | Aub Lawson |
| 1950/51 | Sydney Sports Ground | Sydney | Jack Parker () |
| 1951/52 | Bathurst Sports Ground | Sydney | Jack Parker () |
| 1952/53 | Sydney Showground Speedway | Sydney | Aub Lawson |
| 1953/54 | Sydney Showground Speedway | Sydney | Aub Lawson |
| 1954/55 | *Not Held* | |
| 1955/56 | *Not Held* | |
| 1956/57 |  |  | Lionel Levy |
| 1957/58 | Sydney Showground Speedway | Sydney | Noel Thorley |
| 1958/59 | Sydney Showground Speedway | Sydney | Bill Bryden |
| 1959/60 | Sydney Showground Speedway | Sydney | Ken McKinlay () |
| 1960/61 | Sydney Showground Speedway | Sydney | Brian Collins |
| 1961/62 | Sydney Showground Speedway | Sydney | Brian Collins |
| 1962/63 | Kembla Grange Speedway | Wollongong | Aub Lawson |
| 1963/64 | Kembla Grange Speedway | Wollongong | Bob Sharp |
| 1964/65 | *Not Held* | |
| 1965/66 | Sydney Showground Speedway | Sydney | Jim Airey |
| 1966/67 | *Not Held* | |
| 1967/68 | Sydney Showground Speedway | Sydney | Eric Boocock () |
| 1968/69 | Sydney Showground Speedway | Sydney | Jim Airey |
| 1969/70 | Liverpool Speedway | Sydney | Jim Airey |
| 1970/71 | Liverpool Speedway | Sydney | Jim Airey |
| 1971/72 | Liverpool Speedway | Sydney | Ole Olsen () |
| 1972/73 | Sydney Showground Speedway | Sydney | Bob Valentine |
| 1973/74 | Sydney Showground Speedway | Sydney | Jim Airey |
| 1974/75 | Sydney Showground Speedway | Sydney | John Langfield |
| 1975/76 | Sydney Showground Speedway | Sydney | Phil Crump (Vic) |
| 1976/77 | Sydney Showground Speedway | Sydney | Billy Sanders |
| 1977/78 | Sydney Showground Speedway | Sydney | Billy Sanders |
| 1978/79 | Sydney Showground Speedway
Liverpool International Speedway | Sydney | Billy Sanders |
| 1979/80 | Sydney Showground Speedway | Sydney | Billy Sanders |
| 1980/81 | Liverpool City Raceway | Sydney | Billy Sanders |
| 1981/82 | Newcastle Motordrome | Newcastle | Billy Sanders |
| 1982/83 | *Not Held* | |
| 1983/84 | Liverpool City Raceway | Sydney | Billy Sanders |
| 1984/85 | Nepean Speedway | Sydney | Billy Sanders |
| 1985/86 | Newcastle Motordrome | Newcastle | Stephen Davies |
| 1986/87 | Newcastle Motordrome | Newcastle | Chris Watson |
| 1987/88 | Newcastle Motordrome | Newcastle | Stephen Davies |
| 1988/89 | Liverpool City Raceway | Sydney | Stephen Davies |
| 1989/90 | Newcastle Motordrome | Newcastle | Todd Wiltshire |
| 1990/91 | Newcastle Motordrome | Newcastle | Craig Boyce |
| 1991/92 | Nepean Speedway | Sydney | Mick Poole |
| 1992/93 | Newcastle Motordrome | Newcastle | Craig Boyce |
| 1993/94 | Gosford Speedway | Gosford | Craig Boyce |
| 1994/95 | Newcastle Motordrome | Newcastle | Craig Boyce |
| 1995/96 | Gosford Speedway | Gosford | Craig Watson |
| 1996/97 | Gosford Speedway | Gosford | Craig Boyce |
| 1997/98 | Gosford Speedway | Gosford | Mick Poole |
| 1998/99 | Gosford Speedway | Gosford | Mick Poole |
| 1999/2000 | Gosford Speedway | Gosford | Todd Wiltshire |
| 2000/01 | Gosford Speedway | Gosford | Todd Wiltshire |
| 2001/02 | Oakburn Park Speedway | Tamworth | Mick Poole |
| 2002/03 | Gosford Speedway | Gosford | Mick Poole |
| 2003/04 | Gosford Speedway | Gosford | Craig Watson |
| 2004/05 | Gosford Speedway | Gosford | Adam Shields |
| 2005/06 | Gosford Speedway | Gosford | Chris Holder |
| 2006/07 | Oakburn Park Speedway | Tamworth | Chris Holder |
| 2007/08 | Gosford Speedway | Gosford | Chris Holder |
| 2008/09 | Gosford Speedway | Gosford | Chris Holder |
| 2009/10 | Oakburn Park Speedway | Tamworth | Darcy Ward (Qld) |
| 2010/11 | Loxford Park Speedway | Kurri Kurri | Chris Holder |
| 2011/12 | Loxford Park Speedway
Oakburn Park Speedway | Kurri Kurri
Tamworth | Kozza Smith |
| 2012/13 | Loxford Park Speedway | Kurri Kurri | Sam Masters |
| 2013/14 | Loxford Park Speedway | Kurri Kurri | Brady Kurtz |
| 2014/15 | Loxford Park Speedway | Kurri Kurri | Brady Kurtz |
| 2015/16 | Oakburn Park Speedway | Tamworth | Tyson Nelson |
| 2016/17 | Loxford Park Speedway | Kurri Kurri | Rohan Tungate |
| 2017/18 | Loxford Park Speedway | Kurri Kurri | Rohan Tungate |
| 2018/19 | Woodstock Park Speedway | Cowra | Jack Holder |
| 2019/20 | Loxford Park Speedway | Kurri Kurri | Jack Holder |
| 2020/21 | Woodstock Park Speedway | Cowra | Jack Holder |
| 2021/22 | Loxford Park Speedway | Kurri Kurri | Jack Holder |
| 2022/23 | Loxford Park Speedway | Kurri Kurri | Jack Holder |
| **2023/24 not held due to lack of entries** | | | | |

## InfoBox

New South Wales Individual Speedway Championship
| Billy Sanders eight time champion | |
| --- | --- |
| Sport | Motorcycle speedway |
| Most titles | Billy Sanders (8) |


title: Seqera Labs

abstract: Seqera Labs is a bioinformatics company developing technologies for data pipelines, founded in 2018 in Barcelona. It is a spin-off of the Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) founded by Evan Floden and Paolo di Tommaso and its services are largely related to the open-source software Nextflow, released in 2013. In 2022, the company raised 22 million euros in Series A funding. It has also received several grants from the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative.

text:
# Seqera Labs

**Seqera Labs** is a bioinformatics company developing technologies for data pipelines, founded in 2018 in Barcelona. It is a spin-off of the Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) founded by Evan Floden and Paolo di Tommaso and its services are largely related to the open-source software Nextflow, released in 2013.

In 2022, the company raised 22 million euros in Series A funding. It has also received several grants from the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative.

## InfoBox

Seqera Labs
| Company type | Private |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Bioinformatics |
| Founded | 2018 |
| Founders | Evan Floden, Paolo di Tommaso |
| Headquarters | Barcelona, Spain |
| Services | technologies for data pipelines |
| Parent | Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) |


title: George Clark & NEM

abstract: George Clark & NEM was a leading British marine engineering business. The company was based in Sunderland and was a major employer in the area.

text:
# George Clark & NEM

**George Clark & NEM** was a leading British marine engineering business. The company was based in Sunderland and was a major employer in the area.

## History

The company was established in 1848 by George Clark as a general engineering concern based in Sunderland. It built its first marine engine in 1854. In 1938 it was acquired by Richardsons Westgarth & Company who merged the business with *North Eastern Marine* ('NEM'), another engineering concern which had been founded in 1865 at South Dock in Sunderland and which they had also acquired, to form *George Clark & NEM Ltd*.

The Company built engines for many ships including the Saga Ruby. In 1977 the company was nationalised and was subsumed within British Shipbuilders and then in 1979 it merged with Hawthorn Leslie to form *Clark Hawthorn*. It then closed in 1982.

## InfoBox

George Clark & NEM
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Marine engineering |
| Founded | 1848 |
| Defunct | 1982 |
| Fate | Acquired |
| Successor | Hawthorn Leslie |
| Headquarters | Sunderland, UK |
| Key people | J.D. Glanville (Managing Director) |


title: Princ Dobroshi

abstract: Princ Dobroshi is a Kosovo Albanian crime boss, formerly active in Europe in the 1990s dealing with drug trafficking and arms smuggling to the Kosovo Liberation Army. As of 2006 he is living in Kosovo.

text:
# Princ Dobroshi

**Princ Dobroshi** (born 2 April 1964 in Peja, KS Kosovo, SFR Yugoslavia) is a Kosovo Albanian crime boss, formerly active in Europe in the 1990s dealing with drug trafficking and arms smuggling to the Kosovo Liberation Army. As of 2006 he is living in Kosovo.

## Crime career

In 1993 he was caught in Norway and in 1994 sentenced to 14 years in prison for heroin trafficking (other charges were pending in Sweden and Denmark). In a well coordinated operation he escaped from the Ullersmo prison in 1997. He moved to the Czech Republic where his group soon dominated in drug trafficking. On 23 February 1999 he was arrested in Prague.

On 6 September 2000 he was to be interrogated by the court at Ringerike District Jail, due to the high security aspect. The interrogations were canceled after the bus, carrying the court members, crashed with a truck, killing 3 of its members.

The criminal underground had planned armed attack on the Pankrác Prison but in August 1999 Dobroshi was extradited to Norway to complete his sentence. He was paroled and deported for "good behavior" in January 2005. Then he returned into the Czech Republic and stayed there for three months, until his visa expired. Later, he returned to Peć, Kosovo.

He has admitted friendship with Arfan Qadeer Bhatti who was arrested in Norway on charges of planning to terrorize Israeli and American embassies in Oslo, Norway.

As of September 2006, he was living in Kosovo while his Albanian wife and their two children lived in Prague. An investigation of terror suspects in Norway in September 2006 discovered contacts between one of the suspects and Dobroshi (they met in Pristina in 2005). MF Dnes, a newspaper in the Czech Republic, speculated about possibility of Dobroshi taking revenge and organizing a terror attack in Prague. In an interview the next day, Dobroshi acknowledged he knew the person but denied any involvement.


title: Michael McCarthy (journalist)

abstract: Michael McCarthy is a British environmentalist, naturalist, newspaper journalist, newspaper columnist, and author. He was born the son of John and Norah McCarthy. He studied Modern Languages at the University of Liverpool. He worked as a journalist first on the Bolton Evening News and then on the Daily Mirror. After 17 years in local and tabloid journalism, he moved first to The Times, then to The Independent on Sunday, and then to The Independent; he worked 27 years for those broadsheet newspapers. He was Environment Editor of The Independent until 2013, and as of July 2015 is its Environment Columnist. He was the driving force behind a campaign by The Independent to identify the reasons for the decline of the British urban House sparrow; but the £5,000 prize offered by that newspaper has as of July 2015 not been awarded.

text:
# Michael McCarthy (journalist)

**Michael McCarthy** (born c.1947 in Birkenhead, Wirral, England) is a British environmentalist, naturalist, newspaper journalist, newspaper columnist, and author.

He was born the son of John and Norah McCarthy. He studied Modern Languages at the University of Liverpool.

He worked as a journalist first on the *Bolton Evening News* and then on the *Daily Mirror*. After 17 years in local and tabloid journalism, he moved first to *The Times*, then to *The Independent on Sunday*, and then to *The Independent*; he worked 27 years for those broadsheet newspapers. He was Environment Editor of *The Independent* until 2013, and as of July 2015 is its Environment Columnist.

He was the driving force behind a campaign by *The Independent* to identify the reasons for the decline of the British urban House sparrow; but the £5,000 prize offered by that newspaper has as of July 2015 not been awarded.

## Awards

## Publications

* McCarthy, Michael (2 April 2009). *Say Goodbye to the Cuckoo*. London: John Murray. ISBN 978-1848540637.
* McCarthy, Michael (21 May 2015). *The Moth Snowstorm: Nature and Joy*. London: John Murray. ISBN 978-1444792775.

## InfoBox

| Michael McCarthy | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | c.1947<br>Birkenhead, Wirral, England |
| Nationality | British |
| Occupation(s) | Journalist and author |
| Known for | Writings relating to natural history |
| Notable work | *Say Goodbye to the Cuckoo* |


title: Polycera aurantiomarginata

abstract: Polycera aurantiomarginata is a species of sea slug, a nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Polyceridae.

text:
# Polycera aurantiomarginata

***Polycera aurantiomarginata*** is a species of sea slug, a nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Polyceridae.

## Distribution

This species of polycerid nudibranch was described from Spain. It is found on the west African coast as far south as Angola. It may be synonymous with the western Atlantic species *Polycera chilluna*.

## Description

The body of *Polycera aurantiomarginata* is dark grey or black white with longitudinal yellow lines. The oral veil has six tapering yellow-tipped papillae. There is a broad orange line at the lower edge of the foot.

## Ecology

*Polycera aurantiomarginata* feeds on a bryozoan.

## InfoBox

| *Polycera aurantiomarginata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Nudibranchia |
| Superfamily: | Polyceroidea |
| Family: | Polyceridae |
| Genus: | *Polycera* |
| Species: | ***P. aurantiomarginata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Polycera aurantiomarginata***<br>García Gómez & Bobo, 1984 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| ? *Polycera chilluna* Marcus, 1957 | |


title: Zarija Popović

abstract: Zarija R. Popović was a Serbian national and educational worker, writer and head of State Statistics. In 1870, Popović entered the oldest educational institution in the Belgrade the Saint Sava Seminary, founded in 1808 by the then minister of education Dositej Obradović. He was an excellent theology student, the first among his peers, and in the last year, he has ordained as a celibate priest by Metropolitan Mihailo, who recognized Zarija's natural acuity and intelligence for the teaching profession. He first taught in his home town of Gjilan from 1874 to 1878 when he welcomed the victorious Serbian army. After the armed forces left Giljan, Popović went with the Serbian army to quell the attacks on the Serbs during the Serbian-Ottoman War in Vranje, where he remained as a teacher, and then as an administrative clerk at the Serbian Orthodox Diocese of Vranje. He was later twice appointed bishop by the Serbian Orthodox Church, to the Metropolitanate of Skopje and the Diocese of Prizren, but both times refused to accept the challenge, preferring to continue teaching instead. In 1887, he was transferred to Belgrade and the Ministry of Education and the Public Relations Department for Education in Old Serbia and Macedonia. Two years later, when the department was added to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Zarija Popović started working at the Светосавсокој вечерњој школи/Svetosavsokoj večernjoj školi, the Saint Sava Evening School until 1912. Popović wrote several interesting books recalling his time in Old Serbia.

text:
# Zarija Popović

**Zarija R. Popović** (Gjilan, 5 February 1856 - Belgrade, August 1934) was a Serbian national and educational worker, writer and head of State Statistics.

In 1870, Popović entered the oldest educational institution in the Belgrade the Saint Sava Seminary, founded in 1808 by the then minister of education Dositej Obradović. He was an excellent theology student, the first among his peers, and in the last year, he has ordained as a celibate priest by Metropolitan Mihailo, who recognized Zarija's natural acuity and intelligence for the teaching profession.

He first taught in his home town of Gjilan from 1874 to 1878 when he welcomed the victorious Serbian army. After the armed forces left Giljan, Popović went with the Serbian army to quell the attacks on the Serbs during the Serbian-Ottoman War in Vranje, where he remained as a teacher, and then as an administrative clerk at the Serbian Orthodox Diocese of Vranje. He was later twice appointed bishop by the Serbian Orthodox Church, to the Metropolitanate of Skopje and the Diocese of Prizren, but both times refused to accept the challenge, preferring to continue teaching instead.

In 1887, he was transferred to Belgrade and the Ministry of Education and the Public Relations Department for Education in Old Serbia and Macedonia. Two years later, when the department was added to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Zarija Popović started working at the *Светосавсокој вечерњој школи*/*Svetosavsokoj večernjoj školi*, the Saint Sava Evening School until 1912.

Popović wrote several interesting books recalling his time in Old Serbia.

## Works

* *Pred Kosovom*
* *Pripovedke iz Stare Srbije*

## Further reading


title: Maryland Route 854

abstract: Maryland Route 854 is a collection of state highways in the U.S. state of Maryland. This pair of highways comprise the old alignment of MD 97 between MD 26 near Eldersburg and MD 32 in Fenby in Carroll County. MD 854A and MD 854B, which have lengths of 2.64 miles (4.25 km) and 3.93 miles (6.32 km), respectively, are separated by Morgan Run Natural Environment Area.

text:
# Maryland Route 854

**Maryland Route 854** (**MD 854**) is a collection of state highways in the U.S. state of Maryland. This pair of highways comprise the old alignment of MD 97 between MD 26 near Eldersburg and MD 32 in Fenby in Carroll County. MD 854A and MD 854B, which have lengths of 2.64 miles (4.25 km) and 3.93 miles (6.32 km), respectively, are separated by Morgan Run Natural Environment Area.

## Route description

MD 854A begins at an intersection with Bushey Road just north of the county highway's intersection with MD 26 (Liberty Road) west of Eldersburg near the junction of MD 26 and MD 97 at Dorsey Crossroads. The state highway heads east as a two-lane undivided road parallel to MD 26, then curves north and parallels MD 97 as the two highways cross Little Morgan Run. North of Bear Branch Road, MD 854A reaches its northern terminus at the entrance to a private driveway just south of the Morgan Run Natural Environment Area property. South of Bear Branch Road, access to MD 97 (New Washington Road) is provided by Bartholow Road, which also leads to the main entrance of the natural environment area east of the state highway.

MD 854B begins at county-maintained Muller Road's eastern terminus adjacent to MD 97 just north of the Morgan Run Natural Environment Area property. The state highway heads north as a 15-foot (4.6 m) wide two-lane undivided road that crosses Morgan Run and follows one of the run's tributaries upstream out of Morgan Run's narrow valley. MD 854B widens to 18 feet (5.5 m) in width before intersecting Nicodemus Road, then heads north through farmland on top of a ridge. The state highway reaches its northern terminus at MD 32 (Washington Road) next to Carroll Community College.

## History

The first portion of Old Washington Road to be constructed as a state highway was from MD 32 in Fenby south to Salem Bottom Road in 1935. By 1939, this road, which became one of two disjoint sections of MD 570, was extended south to Nicodemus Road. All of Old Washington Road from MD 32 to MD 26, except the eastwest portion parallel to MD 26, became a state highway in 1956 when MD 97 was extended north through Westminster from Howard County. Construction on a new alignment for MD 97 from MD 26 to Westminster, New Washington Road, began in 1957 from the Westminster Bypass south to Fenby; this new highway was completed in 1960. The new alignment of MD 97 was under construction at Morgan Run by 1959 and was completed to MD 26 (now MD 850H) in 1961. MD 854 was assigned to the old alignment of MD 97 except for the abandoned portion of the highway between Muller Road and north of Bear Branch Road. The number was also assigned to the newly constructed eastwest portion of MD 854A built east from Bushey Road, which maintained the highway's connection to MD 26 after the original alignment was subsumed by the construction of MD 26's interchange with MD 97 in 1962.

## Junction list

### MD 854A

The entire route is in Carroll County.

| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Eldersburg | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Bushey Road to MD 26 | Southern terminus of MD 854A |
|  | 2.64 | 4.25 | Dead end | Northern terminus of MD 854A |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

### MD 854B

The entire route is in Carroll County.

| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 0.00 | 0.00 | Muller Road west | Southern terminus of MD 854B |
| Fenby | 3.93 | 6.32 | MD 32 (Washington Road) Westminster, Sykesville | Northern terminus of MD 854B |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/Maryland Route 854KML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| Maryland Route 854 | |
| --- | --- |
| Old Washington Road | |
|  | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by MDSHA | |
| Existed | 1961–present |
| MD 854A | |
| Length | 2.64 mi (4.25 km) |
| South end | Bushey Road near Eldersburg |
| North end | Road end near Morgan Run NEA |
| MD 854B | |
| Length | 3.93 mi (6.32 km) |
| South end | Muller Road near Morgan Run NEA |
| North end | MD 32 in Fenby |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Maryland |
| Counties | Carroll |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| MD 853   MD 855 | |


title: Ponti, Piedmont

abstract: Ponti is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Turin and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of Alessandria. Ponti borders the following municipalities: Bistagno, Castelletto d'Erro, Denice, Monastero Bormida, Montechiaro d'Acqui, and Sessame.

text:
# Ponti, Piedmont

**Ponti** is a *comune* (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Turin and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of Alessandria.

Ponti borders the following municipalities: Bistagno, Castelletto d'Erro, Denice, Monastero Bormida, Montechiaro d'Acqui, and Sessame.

## InfoBox

| Ponti | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di Ponti | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Ponti | |
| PontiLocation of Ponti in ItalyPontiPonti (Piedmont) | |
| Coordinates: 44°38′N 8°22′E / 44.633°N 8.367°E / 44.633; 8.367 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Piedmont |
| Province | Alessandria (AL) |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Piero Luigi Roso |
| Area | |
| Total | 12.4 km2 (4.8 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 186 m (610 ft) |
| Population (31 March 2018) | |
| Total | 580 |
| Density | 47/km2 (120/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Pontesi |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 15010 |
| Dialing code | 0144 |
| Patron saint | St. Sebastian |
| Saint day | 20 January |
| Website | Official website |


title: New Wineskins Association of Churches

abstract: The New Wineskins Association of Churches (NWAC) was a group of nearly 200 theologically conservative Presbyterian churches, each of which is in varying stages of departing from the mainline Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.), also known as PCUSA. The New Wineskins network of churches was formed as a result of growing discontent among theologically conservative pastors, elders, and members regarding the general direction of the PCUSA. The NWAC was scheduled to come to a conclusion in June 2012. The New Wineskins Presbytery was dissolved in 2011, as its mission was completed. Some churches have fully departed from the PCUSA, others are in process of leaving, and still others intend to stay within the PCUSA. As of now, nearly 40 individual churches have formed the New Wineskins Presbytery, a non-geographic presbytery opened up by the more conservative Evangelical Presbyterian Church (EPC). The co-moderators of the New Wineskins Association as of 2012 were Dean Weaver and Rev. Gerrit Dawson. The NWAC maintains headquarters in Allison Park, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Pittsburgh.

text:
# New Wineskins Association of Churches

The **New Wineskins Association of Churches** (**NWAC**) was a group of nearly 200 theologically conservative Presbyterian churches, each of which is in varying stages of departing from the mainline Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.), also known as PCUSA. The New Wineskins network of churches was formed as a result of growing discontent among theologically conservative pastors, elders, and members regarding the general direction of the PCUSA. The NWAC was scheduled to come to a conclusion in June 2012. The New Wineskins Presbytery was dissolved in 2011, as its mission was completed.

Some churches have fully departed from the PCUSA, others are in process of leaving, and still others intend to stay within the PCUSA. As of now, nearly 40 individual churches have formed the New Wineskins Presbytery, a non-geographic presbytery opened up by the more conservative Evangelical Presbyterian Church (EPC).

The co-moderators of the New Wineskins Association as of 2012 were Dean Weaver and Rev. Gerrit Dawson. The NWAC maintains headquarters in Allison Park, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Pittsburgh.

## Background

Reasons for the discontent leading to this possible separation include, but are not limited to:

1. General discontent with the PCUSA's decisions on issues such as homosexuality and abortion.
2. Growing dissatisfaction with the PCUSA's interpretation and enforcement of its constitution.
3. The recent reception of documents such as the PUP (Peace, Unity, and Purity) Report at the 2006 General Assembly which asserted that it is up to the ordaining body to determine whether a candidate meets current ordination standards, even though they cannot set aside any constitutional standards.

Some in the New Wineskins movement believe that this created a constitutional loophole for persons engaged in sexual activity outside of marriage to become ordained by a sort of "local option" which allows them to declare a scruple against the stated constitution.

Another recent document that was received by the PCUSA's General Assembly was a report entitled "The Trinity: God's Love Overflowing". This document, which is more familiarly known as the "Trinity Report," suggested that the terms "Father, Son, and Holy Spirit" may be supplemented (although not replaced) by other language, including such formulations as "Speaker, Word and Breath" and "Fire that Consumes, Sword that Divides, and Storm that Melts Mountains". The NWAC considers both of these documents to be in error in several places.

The New Wineskins movement believes that such declarations are a departure from the PCUSA's historic grounding in biblical theology and its own Reformed confessions. The New Wineskins Association of Churches has crafted a constitution that emphasizes local church ministry as opposed to denominational hierarchy, and consists of specific theological essentials of the reformed faith as well as ethical imperatives.

## History

The NWAC held its third convocation in February 2007, where it considered its future relationship with the PCUSA. At this meeting, the NWAC unanimously voted to petition the EPC to create a non-geographic, transitional New Wineskins presbytery (NWEPC) for those churches wishing to leave the PCUSA. The EPC voted overwhelmingly to form the new presbytery at its own General Assembly in June 2007 with the expectation that the New Wineskins congregations would be received into the EPC.

As of December 2007, many of the congregations that comprise the NWAC were still officially affiliated with the PCUSA, but it was expected that those congregations that would formally separate from that church and join the Evangelical Presbyterian Church (EPC), by joining the New Wineskins Presbytery (NWEPC) which met for the first time in October 2007.


title: Immobilization (soil science)

abstract: Immobilization in soil science is the conversion of inorganic compounds to organic compounds by microorganisms or plants by which the compounds become inaccessible to plants. Immobilization is the opposite of mineralization. In immobilization, inorganic nutrients are taken up by soil microbes and become unavailable for plant uptake. Immobilization is therefore a biological process controlled by bacteria that consume inorganic nitrogen and form amino acids and biological macromolecules. Immobilization and mineralization are continuous processes that occur concurrently whereby nitrogen of the decomposing system is steadily transformed from an inorganic to an organic state by immobilization and from an organic to an inorganic state by decay and mineralization.

text:
# Immobilization (soil science)

**Immobilization** in soil science is the conversion of inorganic compounds to organic compounds by microorganisms or plants by which the compounds become inaccessible to plants. Immobilization is the opposite of mineralization. In immobilization, inorganic nutrients are taken up by soil microbes and become unavailable for plant uptake. Immobilization is therefore a biological process controlled by bacteria that consume inorganic nitrogen and form amino acids and biological macromolecules (organic forms). Immobilization and mineralization are continuous processes that occur concurrently whereby nitrogen of the decomposing system is steadily transformed from an inorganic to an organic state by immobilization and from an organic to an inorganic state by decay and mineralization.

## C:N Ratio

Whether nitrogen is mineralized or immobilized depends on the C/N ratio of the plant residues. For example, incorporating materials high in carbon to nitrogen ratio such as saw dust and straw will stimulate soil microbial activity, increase demand for nitrogen, leading to immobilization. This is known as priming effect. In general plant residues entering the soil have too little nitrogen for the soil microbial population to convert all of the carbon into their cells. If the C:N ratio of the decomposing plant material is above about 30:1 the soil microbial population may take nitrogen in mineral form (e.g. nitrate). This mineral nitrogen is said to be immobilized. Microorganisms out-compete plants for NH4+ and NO3- during immobilization, and therefore plants can easily become nitrogen deficient.

As carbon dioxide is released via decomposition the C:N ratio of the organic matter decreases, and the microbial demand for mineral nitrogen is decreased. When the C:N ratio falls below about 25:1 further decomposition results in simultaneous mineralization of nitrogen which is in excess to that required by the microbial population.

When decomposition is virtually complete soil mineral nitrogen will be higher than it was initially due to mineralization of the plant residue nitrogen.

### Mechanisms of nitrogen immobilization

There are two mechanisms of nitrogen immobilization: Nitrogen accumulation in microbial biomass and accumulation of nitrogen in by-products of microbial activity. Nitrogen Accumulation in by-products of microbial activity nitrogen accumulation in decaying plant debris follows a two-phase mechanism. Following the initial leaching of soluble materials from fresh detritus, exoenzymes depolymerize the detritus substrate producing reactive carbohydrates, phenolics, small peptides, and amino acids, this is a period whereby microbial growth is rapid, with microbes converting substrate nitrogen and exogenous nitrogen into microbial biomass and exuded products of microbial activity.

The dictionary definition of *immobilization (soil science)* at Wiktionary


title: George Clark (Queensland politician)

abstract: George John Edwin Clark was an Australian farmer and politician.

text:
# George Clark (Queensland politician)

**George John Edwin Clark** (19 March 1834 – 6 February 1907) was an Australian farmer and politician.

## Early life

Born in Van Diemen's Land, he was educated in England at Camberwell Collegiate School.

## Pastoral life

In 1865 he settled in the Darling Downs in Queensland, where his older brother Charles had been living since 1861. In 1868 the brothers bought the Old Talgai sheep farming station, where George proved to be a very successful breeder of sheep.

In 1868, George Clark commissioned architect Richard George Suter to construct a grand homestead. Talgai Homestead is now listed on the Queensland Heritage Register.

## Political life

He served as in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 1867 to 1868 as the Member (MLA) for Warwick. The seat was later held from 1871 to 1873 by his brother Charles.

## Later life

Clark died in 1907 and was buried in Allora Cemetery.

## InfoBox

| George Clark | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
for Warwick | |
| **In office**
26 June 1867  23 September 1868 | |
| Preceded by | Arnold Wienholt Sr. |
| Succeeded by | Edmond Thornton |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | George John Edwin Clark
(1834-03-19)19 March 1834
Ross, Van Diemen's Land, Australia |
| Died | 6 February 1907(1907-02-06) (aged 72)
Allora, Queensland, Australia |
| Resting place | Allora Cemetery |
| Spouse | Ellen Louisa Henrietta Smith |
| Relations | Charles Clark (brother) |
| Occupation | Bookkeeper, farmer |
|  | |


title: Gerald O'Brien

abstract: John Gerald O’Brien, known as Gerald O'Brien, was a New Zealand politician of the Labour Party.

text:
# Gerald O'Brien

**John Gerald O’Brien** (2 December 1924 – 13 December 2017), known as **Gerald O'Brien**, was a New Zealand politician of the Labour Party.

## Early life

O'Brien was born in Wellington on 2 December 1924, the son of John Thomas O'Brien, and was educated at St Patrick's College. He joined the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) in 1942 when he was 17 and trained as a radar operator in Harewood and Wigram. He did not see overseas' service as the Americans "had enough manpower in \[that\] area".

In 1956, O'Brien married Fausta Filipidis.

O'Brien owned and operated his own business Enzart Import Ltd. which exported locally manufactured products overseas. He was also a member of the Brooklyn Progressive Association and Brooklyn Community Association.

## Political career

New Zealand Parliament
| Years | Term | Electorate | | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19691972 | 36th | Island Bay | |  | Labour |
| 19721975 | 37th | Island Bay | |  | Labour |
| 19751978 | 38th | Island Bay | |  | Labour |

He joined the Labour Party and in 1946 he became the Brooklyn electorate secretary, the seat represented by Prime Minister Peter Fraser, and later became chairman. In 1963 he became the secretary of the Wellington Labour Representation Committee.

In 1950 he suggested to Frank Kitts that he should stand on behalf of Labour for the mayor and council; Kitts was the highest-polling councillor, although he did not win the mayoralty until 1956. O'Brien stood as a Labour candidate for the council himself in both 1959 and 1962 but was unsuccessful. In 1962 and again in 1965 he stood unsuccessfully for the Wellington Harbour Board on the Labour Party ticket. In 1965 he was elected as a member of the Wellington City Council and re-elected in 1968. On the council he was deputy chair of the city's works department. During this period O'Brien was approached to stand for Labour in the 1967 Petone by-election. He declined the invitation however, citing the demands of running his business would be incompatible with a parliamentary candidature at that time.

He represented the Island Bay electorate from 1969 to 1978. Following his election to Parliament O'Brien did not stand for re-election to the city council and his brother Brian (a sports journalist) replaced him on the Labour ticket. Brian O'Brien was elected in 1971 and served as a councillor until 1980 when he retired.

O'Brien was particularly opposed to the Vietnam War and was honoured by the Vietnamese in appreciation. He went as far as to use his importing business to bring goods from Vietnam into New Zealand, directly defying the policy of the Holyoake government. In 1974 O'Brien was elected as Vice-President of the Labour Party. As vice-president, he sat on the panel assembled to choose the successor to Norman Kirk in the Sydenham electorate. Initially the three electorate representatives wanted John Kirk, and the three head office nominees wanted the party secretary John Wybrow. O'Brien switched his vote to John Kirk, who got the nod. He was also on the committee that chose David Lange at the 1977 Mangere by-election. In January 1976 he was appointed by Labour leader Bill Rowling as Shadow Minister of Local Government.

He was charged over an incident in 1976 in Christchurch, where he allegedly asked two boys back to his motel room for a drink. The charges were thrown out, and O'Brien maintained that it was nothing but an attempt by political enemies to "get rid of me". He also stated that he got more sympathy from members of the National Party than from his own party. He was subsequently deselected by Labour for the Island Bay electorate. In 1978, he was defeated as an Independent Labour candidate. He ran against the official Labour candidate, Frank O'Flynn, and received some 3,700 votes at O'Flynn's expense, almost costing O'Flynn what had always been a Labour bastion.

O'Brien reaffirmed his rift with Labour at the 1979 Christchurch Central by-election where he endorsed the Social Credit candidate Terry Heffernan. At the 1981 election, the Social Credit Party invited him to stand for his old Island Bay electorate, but he declined.

## Private artworks

After organising O'Brien's possessions upon his death, his nephew Lucien Rizos discovered a complex series of illustrations depicting an imaginary world and its residents – including cut-out illustrations of more than 700 original-named characters and their fictional island homelands. The dates marked on these indicated they had been created by O'Brien over a series of decades. Rizos told *The Guardian*: "I talked to him for a year … about all sorts of things, but \[the imaginary world\] never came up and it pisses me off that I didn't know", he says. "He didn’t say – knowing he was dying – 'you're going to find this'." Rizos scanned these findings during the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown, and published them in a catalogue titled “Everything", the contents of which are to be exhibited at the Adam Art Gallery in October 2022.

## Later life

O'Brien died in Wellington on 13 December 2017. He was survived by his wife of 61 years.

* Grant, David (2014). *The Mighty Totara: The life and times of Norman Kirk*. Auckland: Random House. ISBN 9781775535799.
* Henderson, John (1981). *Rowling: the Man and the Myth*. Auckland: Australia and New Zealand Books.
* Wilson, James Oakley (1985) \[First ed. published 1913\]. *New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984* (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.
* Yska, Redmer (2006). *Wellington: Biography of a city*. Auckland: Reed. ISBN 0-7900-1117-4.

## InfoBox

| Gerald O'Brien | |
| --- | --- |
| O'Brien in 1965 | |
|  | |
| Member of the New Zealand Parliament
for Island Bay | |
| **In office**
29 November 1969  25 November 1978 | |
| Preceded by | Arnold Nordmeyer |
| Succeeded by | Frank O'Flynn |
| Wellington City Councillor | |
| **In office**
9 October 1965  9 October 1971 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | John Gerald O'Brien
(1924-12-02)2 December 1924
Wellington, New Zealand |
| Died | 13 December 2017(2017-12-13) (aged 93)
Wellington, New Zealand |
| Political party | Labour |
| Spouse | Fausta O'Brien (m. 1956) |
| Profession | Company director |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | RNZAF |
| Years of service | 1942–46 |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
|  | |


title: Michael McCarthy (politician)

abstract: Michael McCarthy is an Irish former Labour Party politician who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cork South-West constituency from 2011 to 2016. He was a Senator for the Labour Panel from 2002 to 2011 and as a local councillor on Cork County Council from 1999 to 2003. He was the Labour Party spokesperson on Marine, and acted as spokesperson in the Seanad on Agriculture, Community and Rural Affairs, and Communications, Marine and Natural Resources.

text:
# Michael McCarthy (politician)

**Michael McCarthy** (born 15 November 1976) is an Irish former Labour Party politician who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cork South-West constituency from 2011 to 2016. He was a Senator for the Labour Panel from 2002 to 2011 and as a local councillor on Cork County Council from 1999 to 2003.

He was the Labour Party spokesperson on Marine, and acted as spokesperson in the Seanad on Agriculture, Community and Rural Affairs, and Communications, Marine and Natural Resources.

## Early life

McCarthy is the son of Phyllis and Michael McCarthy and lived in Dunmanway. At the time of the 1999 local elections, he was employed at Schering Plough pharmaceutical plant in Brinny, West Cork.

## Political career

### County Councillor

He was elected to Cork County Council in 1999 for the Skibbereen area, serving until 2003, having to resign as a sitting Oireachtas member as a result of the abolition of the dual mandate. McCarthy served as chairperson of the Western committee and as vice-chairman of Cork County Council.

### Oireachtas

McCarthy stood unsuccessfully as a Labour Party candidate for the Cork South-West constituency at the 2002 and 2007 general elections. He was a Senator for the Labour Panel from 2002 to 2011 (re-elected in 2007). He was the only Labour candidate elected for the Labour Panel in the 2002 Seanad election, at the age of 25. His mother, Phyllis McCarthy, contested the 2004 local elections for Labour.

He was elected to the Dáil at the 2011 general election. He claimed to be the fourth TD from Dunmanway to be elected to the Dail. His wife, Nollagh McCarthy, gave birth to a baby boy during the election campaign. They had one son by this time. In 2012, he chaired a joint committee on the Environment, Culture and Gaeltacht.

In 2013, despite Labour's membership of the coalition, he opposed the Government's referendum campaign to abolish the Seanad. By doing this, he risked losing the party whip. The all-party parliamentary environment committee (chaired by McCarthy), which had been tasked with examining proposals for new climate change legislation, was divided on the issue of setting binding targets for emissions reductions for 2050. It was asked to consider draft proposals for climate change legislation and an accompanying detailed report prepared by the secretariat of the National Economic and Social Council. The most controversial aspect of the Government proposal was that unlike the previous three efforts at legislation, no set targets were specified for greenhouse gas emissions reductions for 2050, or the intermediate stages in between. This was notwithstanding that the vast majority of submissions from, and presentations made by, individuals and organisations called for targets by this date of at least 80 per cent below 1990 baseline levels. The report was seen and reported on by the *Irish Times* ahead of its publication.

In 2014, he ran for deputy leadership of the Labour Party. The Irish Independent regarded the contest as a "two-horse race" between McCarthy and Alan Kelly, with the other candidates, Seán Sherlock and Ciara Conway, "lagging behind.". Kelly was elected as deputy leader.

He told the *Irish Independent* that threatening phone calls had been made to his constituency office following his criticism of Sinn Féin leader Gerry Adams' "five-star trip to the US" in an interview on RTÉ’s *Morning Ireland*. McCarthy chaired the Local Government Efficiency Review (LGER) and the LGER Implementation Group. He was chair of the Oireachtas committee on housing. In December 2014, McCarthy, along with other Labour TDs, missed a Dáil vote on a bill to repeal the 8th Amendment, amid suggestions some may have missed it on purpose.

In 2015, the *Irish Examiner* claimed that McCarthy would "struggle" to hold on to his seat. He lost his seat at the 2016 general election. After losing his seat, he said to *The Irish Times* that "I think us new breed of TDs recognised that longevity in politics was no longer guaranteed," and later told the *Southern Star* that he had left public life. The paper reported in May 2016 that a ‘lightbulb moment’ for McCarthy led to the gathering of more than 10,000 books and other publications for the London Irish Centre. A campaign to open a library at the Camden centre began in earnest when he wrote to every TD in Dáil Éireann and asked them to donate a book. As the chairman of the Government's Joint Committee on Environment, Culture and the Gaeltacht – which oversaw part of the project – McCarthy said: "Over 10,000 books, 1,000 recordings and free subscriptions to over 30 Irish newspapers and magazines were finally gathered."

### After politics

In 2017, it was reported that McCarthy was appointed CEO of the Irish Solar Energy Association. He was appointed to the board of Sophia Housing, a national housing charity. In 2018, McCarthy was also appointed chair of the National Oversight and Audit Commission (NOAC). In 2021, he was appointed director of Cloud Infrastructure Ireland (CII), a trade association within the employer group Ibec.

## InfoBox

| Michael McCarthy | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Teachta Dála | |
| **In office**
February 2011  February 2016 | |
| Constituency | Cork South-West |
| Senator | |
| **In office**
12 September 2002  25 February 2011 | |
| Constituency | Labour Panel |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1976-11-15) 15 November 1976
Dunmanway, County Cork, Ireland |
| Political party | Labour Party |
| Spouse | Nollagh McCarthy (m. 2007) |
| Children | 2 |
| Alma mater | Cork Institute of Technology |
|  | |


title: Port Dundas

abstract: Port Dundas is an area of Glasgow, Scotland, located 1 mile (1.6 km) to the north of the city centre. It lies to the north of Cowcaddens, and to the west of Sighthill, with Hamiltonhill and Possilpark to the north-west.

text:
# Port Dundas

**Port Dundas** is an area of Glasgow, Scotland, located 1 mile (1.6 km) to the north of the city centre. It lies to the north of Cowcaddens, and to the west of Sighthill, with Hamiltonhill and Possilpark to the north-west.

## History

The Port Dundas terminus was established at One Hundred Acre Hill between 1786 and 1790 and was named after Sir Lawrence Dundas, one of the major backers of the Forth and Clyde Canal Company. Port Dundas formed the terminus of a branch of the Forth and Clyde Canal in the centre of Glasgow, linking to the adjacent Monkland Canal. It became an industrial centre in the 19th century, with textile mills, chemical works, granaries, distilleries, glassworks, iron foundries, power stations and engineering works all operating in the area. In 1859, a brick chimney was built at Port Dundas for F. Townsend. At 454 feet (138 m) it was the tallest chimney in the world at the time, with an outside diameter of 32 feet (9.8 m) at ground level. It was demolished in 1928.

### Pinkston Power Station

In 1900, the coal-fired Pinkston Power Station was built at Port Dundas to generate electricity for the Glasgow Corporation Tramways network. Equipped with Belliss and Morcom generator sets, Glasgow Corporation had decided to electrify the network by 1901 for the opening of the International Exhibition at Kelvingrove Park. A large cooling tower was added in 1954 and was the largest in Europe at the time. After passing to the South of Scotland Electricity Board in 1958, it was decommissioned in the 1960s, with the cooling tower being demolished in 1977, the first chimney was demolished on a Sunday in April 1978, and the other chimney came down the following Sunday.

### Industrial decline and regeneration

Industry in the area declined through the 20th century. The Monkland Canal was closed to navigation in 1952, and the Forth and Clyde in 1963. Charles Tennant's St Rollox Chemical Works, at one time the largest chemical manufacturer in the world closed its plant to the east of Port Dundas in 1964. The M8 motorway was constructed immediately to the south, over the route of the Monkland Canal, in the 1970s, obstructing access to the canal basin. Early in the 21st century, the Forth and Clyde Canal was restored as a leisure attraction, and the canal and warehouses at Port Dundas were restored as apartments.

### Port Dundas Grain Distillery

The area is the site of a former large Scotch Grain distillery, which produced 39 million litres of spirit each year on a 21-acre (85,000 m2) site until being closed in 2010. Originally there were two distilleries in the locality, the first was established in 1811 by Daniel McFarlane. Two years later the second one was established by Brown, Gourlie & Co. During 1845 Coffey Stills for the manufacture of Grain whisky were installed in both distilleries.

Both distilleries merged in the 1860s and later became part of the Distillers Company in 1877. They were destroyed by fire in 1903 but were rebuilt and reopened in 1913, and rebuilt again in 1916 after being severely damaged by another fire. The distillery was closed for the duration of World War II. A large modernisation programme was undertaken during the 1970s, when a new grain intake, spirit store, still house, boiler house and dark grains plant were opened.

The Port Dundas Grain Distillery and adjacent Dundashill Cooperage, which manufactured Hogshead casks and dates back to 1770, are currently owned by Diageo, and the distillery's large Flue gas stack dominates the skyline of North Glasgow. It produced Grain whisky used in the Johnnie Walker, J&B, Bell's, Black & White, Vat 69, Haig and White Horse blended whisky brands owned by Diageo. On 1 July 2009, Diageo announced the closure of the Port Dundas distillery, with all production shifting to the company's other Scottish Grain distillery at Cameron Bridge, as well as the North British Distillery in Gorgie, Edinburgh, which is jointly owned by Diageo and The Edrington Group.

55°52′23.87″N 4°15′10.97″W / 55.8732972°N 4.2530472°W / 55.8732972; -4.2530472


title: Zarik

abstract: In Persian mythology, Zarik is a Daeva in the service of Ahriman.

text:
# Zarik

In Persian mythology, **Zarik** (or **Zarich**) is a Daeva in the service of Ahriman.

## Etymology

Etymology of Zarik/Zarich comes from Avestan "zairi-gaona" - green/yellow.

## Description

Oft-depicted in female form, Zarik is the daeva personification of aging and of poison - she is associated with Soma/Haoma (at first, Zarathustra rejected Haoma, calling it "liquor-piss" in Yasna 48.10 of the Gathas and describing its usage in daeva-worshipping rituals).

Zarik's amesha rival counterpart is Ameretat.


title: Villa Garzón Airport

abstract: Villa Garzón Airport is an airport serving Villa Garzón, a town in the Putumayo Department of Colombia, also serving the town of Mocoa. The airport is 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of Villa Garzón.

text:
# Villa Garzón Airport

**Villa Garzón Airport** (IATA: **VGZ**, ICAO: **SKVG**) is an airport serving Villa Garzón, a town in the Putumayo Department of Colombia, also serving the town of Mocoa. The airport is 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of Villa Garzón.

## Airlines and Destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| --- | --- |
| SATENA | Bogotá |

## InfoBox

| Villa Garzón Airport | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public |
| Location | Villa Garzón, Colombia |
| Elevation AMSL | 1,248 ft / 380 m |
| Coordinates | 0°58′55″N 76°36′15″W / 0.98194°N 76.60417°W / 0.98194; -76.60417 |
| Map | |
| **VGZ**Location of the airport in Colombia | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  m ft  17/35 1,485 4,872 Asphalt | |
| Sources: GCM Google Maps | |


title: Pontia callidice

abstract: Pontia callidice, the lofty Bath white or peak white, is a small butterfly of the yellows and whites family (Pieridae), which occurs in the Palearctic realm.

text:
# Pontia callidice

***Pontia callidice***, the **lofty Bath white** or **peak white**, is a small butterfly of the yellows and whites family (Pieridae), which occurs in the Palearctic realm.

## Description

Description from Charles Thomas Bingham's (1907) *The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma, Butterflies*, Volume II, pp 178–179. ***Pieris callidice***
(=*Pieris kalora*, Moore, P.Z.S. 1865:449)

### Male

* *Upperside*: white
    + Forewing: black at extreme bases of interspaces 1a and 1 and of cell; discocellulars marked with a quadrate black spot; a discal curved series of inwardly dentate spots, the spots in interspaces 1 and 2 generally reduced to a mere trace, often absent; an anterior terminal series of similar but more clearly defined spots at the apices of veins 3 to 7.
    + Hindwing: uniform, the pattern of the underside visible through transparency; base densely irrorated (sprinkled) with black scales.
* *Underside*
    + Forewing: white; basal half of costal margin and quadrate spot on discocellulars dull black; a discal curved series of four black spots in interspaces 1, 3, 5 and 6, followed by elongate streaks of green along veins 3 to 7 that extend to the termen.
    + Hindwing: green, an elongate oval yellowish-white spot in cell, followed beyond by complete curved series of discal and terminal yellowish-white, inwardly lanceolate spots. Antennae black, spotted with white, head fuscous grey, thorax blackish grey, abdomen black with more or less sparse white scaling; beneath: head, thorax and abdomen white.

### Female

* *Upperside* Similar to that of the male, the black scaling at the base of the wings more extended, especially on the hindwing where it stretches broadly down the dorsal half of the wing and occupies also the apex of the cell.
    + Forewing: the irroration of black scales along the basal half of the costal margin and discocellular quadrate black spot as in the male, the latter, however, broader; the apex and terminal third of the wing above vein 2 dusky black, with a series of elongate white spots in the interspaces, the inner margin of the black area curved but very jagged; lastly, a geminate (paired) transverse black spot in the outer half of interspace 1.
    + Hindwing: a terminal series of large, inwardly acute pointed, black spots with oval white centres and a large costal black spot before the apex.
* *Underside*
    + Forewing: the ground colour and markings are much as in the male, but the green on the apex and termen are more extended, the white streaks that traverse it are longer; the black discal spots in interspaces 5 and 6 are absent.
    + Hindwing: similar to that of the male, but the yellowish-white lanceolate spots narrower and smaller. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen as in the male. In both sexes the antennae are not generally typical, the club abrupt, shorter, and broader.

Wingspan: 53–60 mm.

## Range

Within India, it occurs in the north-western Himalayas above 12,000 feet (3,700 m) from Chitral to Mussoorie. It also occurs in the higher mountains of Europe, in Asia from the Altai to the Himalayas, and in China. (Bingham, 1907)

## Habitat

It lives at high altitude in alpine meadows, above the tree line.

* Bingham, C.T. (1907). *The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma*. Vol. II (1st ed.). London: Taylor and Francis, Ltd.
* Evans, W.H. (1932). *The Identification of Indian Butterflies* (2nd ed.). Mumbai, India: Bombay Natural History Society.
* Haribal, Meena (1992). *The Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and Their Natural History*. Gangtok, Sikkim, India: Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation.
* Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander (1957). *Butterflies of the Indian Region*. Bombay, India: Bombay Natural History Society. ISBN 978-8170192329.

## InfoBox

| Lofty Bath white | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *P. c. kalora* at Chandratal Lake (14,000 feet (4,300 m)), near Manali, India | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pieridae |
| Genus: | *Pontia* |
| Species: | ***P. callidice*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pontia callidice***<br>Hübner 1799-1800 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Synchloe callidice* | |


title: New Wine in Old Bottles

abstract: New Wine in Old Bottles is an album by saxophonist Jackie McLean with the Great Jazz Trio; pianist Hank Jones, bassist Ron Carter and drummer Tony Williams, recorded in 1978 for the Japanese East Wind label.

text:
# New Wine in Old Bottles

***New Wine in Old Bottles*** is an album by saxophonist Jackie McLean with the Great Jazz Trio; pianist Hank Jones, bassist Ron Carter and drummer Tony Williams, recorded in 1978 for the Japanese East Wind label.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Christgau's Record Guide* | A− |

Reviewing in *Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies* (1981), Robert Christgau called *New Wine in Old Bottles* "the best McLean album in over a decade" and said, "the saxophonist's work here surpasses that on his European SteepleChase outings because the rhythm section of Hank Jones, Ron Carter, and Tony Williams encourages him to think as fast as he can play, which is plenty fast." *The Buffalo News* wrote that "McLean plays alto saxophone as if it were tenor—no lissome flash and filigree."

AllMusic awarded the album 4½ stars, stating: "It was an inspired idea to match alto saxophonist Jackie McLean with the Great Jazz Trio, a regularly working unit on record and in concert led by the outstanding pianist Hank Jones, joined by two first call players, bassist Ron Carter and drummer Tony Williams... Jones' advanced playing may be a eye-opener for some fans who do not realize how advanced and wide ranging a pianist he is."

## Track listing

*All Compositions by Jackie McLean except as indicated*

1. "Appointment in Ghana Again" - 5:50
2. "It Never Entered My Mind" (Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart) - 6:42
3. "'Round About Midnight" (Monk, Cootie Williams, Bernie Hanighen) - 9:07
4. "Little Melonae Again" - 5:54
5. "Bein' Green" (Joe Raposo) - 6:25
6. "Confirmation" (Charlie Parker) - 6:19

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| New Wine in Old Bottles | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Jackie McLean with The Great Jazz Trio | |
| Released | 1978 |
| Recorded | April 6–7, 1978 |
| Studio | Sound Ideas Studios, NYC |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 40:17 |
| Label | East Wind
EW-8057 |
| Producer | Kiyoshi Itoh and Yasohachi Itoh |
| Jackie McLean chronology | |
| *Like Old Time*
(1976) ***New Wine in Old Bottles***
(1978) *Monuments*
(1979) | |
|  | |
| Hank Jones chronology | |
| *Milestones*
(1978) ***New Wine in Old Bottles***
(1978) *Compassion*
(1978) | |
|  | |


title: Out of position (crash testing)

abstract: Out of position (OOP), in crash testing and car accident medical literature, indicates a passenger position which is not the normal upright and forward-facing position. For example, a common case observed in crashes is the position of an occupant when reaching for the car radio, or panic braking in unbelted passengers. The concept is of interest because small changes in a passenger's position can have profound effects on the actual kinematic response, especially in rear impacts, as shown both in practical testing and theoretical models.

text:
# Out of position (crash testing)

**Out of position (OOP)**, in crash testing and car accident medical literature, indicates a passenger position which is not the normal upright and forward-facing position. For example, a common case observed in crashes is the position of an occupant when reaching for the car radio, or panic braking in unbelted passengers. The concept is of interest because small changes in a passenger's position can have profound effects on the actual kinematic response, especially in rear impacts, as shown both in practical testing and theoretical models.

## Risk of injury

Out of position occupants are at increased risk of injury. Even low speed impacts can cause disc herniation and lumbar fracture on OOP passengers. Airbags can prove fatal on OOP passengers: modulating the airbag folding pattern has been proposed as a method to reduce injuries. Crash testing has shown increased forces acting on the neck and torso when dummies were leaning forward and not upright; a partial correlation with the seat stiffness has been observed, with stiffer seats increasing the force loads on the upper neck.


title: In Pursuit of the Unknown

abstract: In Pursuit of the Unknown: 17 Equations That Changed the World is a 2012 nonfiction book by British mathematician Ian Stewart, published by Basic Books. In the book, Stewart traces the history of the role of mathematics in human history, beginning with the Pythagorean theorem to the equation that transformed twenty-first century financial markets, the Black–Scholes model.

text:
# In Pursuit of the Unknown

***In Pursuit of the Unknown: 17 Equations That Changed the World*** is a 2012 nonfiction book by British mathematician Ian Stewart FRS CMath FIMA, published by Basic Books. In the book, Stewart traces the history of the role of mathematics in human history, beginning with the Pythagorean theorem (Pythagorean equation) to the equation that transformed twenty-first century financial markets, the Black–Scholes model.

## Content

Seventeen equations are described in the book as follows:

| # | Equation name | Equation |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Pythagorean theorem | $a^{2}+b^{2}=c^{2}$ |
| 2 | Logarithms (logarithm product identity) | $\log {xy}=\log {x}+\log {y}$ |
| 3 | Calculus (definition of the derivative) | $\frac {\mathrm {d} f}{\mathrm {d} t}=\lim \_{h\to 0}{\frac {f(t+h)-f(t)}{h}}$ |
| 4 | Newton's law of gravity | $F=G{\frac {m\_{1}m\_{2}{d^{2}}}}$ |
| 5 | Square root of minus one | $\mathrm {i} ^{2}=-1$ |
| 6 | Euler's formula for polyhedra | $F-E+V=2$ |
| 7 | Normal distribution | $\mathbf {\Phi } (x)={\frac {1}{\sqrt {2\pi \sigma ^{2}\mathrm {e} ^{-{\frac {(x-\mu )^{2}{2\sigma ^{2}}}}}}}}$ |
| 8 | Wave equation (one dimensional) | $\frac {\partial ^{2}u}{\partial t^{2}=c^{2}{\frac {\partial ^{2}u}{\partial x^{2}}}}$ |
| 9 | Fourier transform | $\hat {f}(\xi )=\int \_{-\infty }^{\infty }f(x)\ e^{-2\pi \mathrm {i} x\xi }\mathrm {d} x$ |
| 10 | Navier–Stokes equations (for conservation of momentum) | $\rho \left({\frac {\partial \mathbf {v} }{\partial t}+\mathbf {v} \cdot \nabla \mathbf {v} \right)=-\nabla p+\nabla \cdot \mathbf {T} +\mathbf {f} }$ |
| 11 | Maxwell's equations (in vacuum, in Gaussian units) | $\nabla \cdot \mathbf {E} =0\\,;$
$\nabla \cdot \mathbf {H} =0\\,;$
$\nabla \times \mathbf {E} =-{\frac {1}{c}{\frac {\partial \mathbf {H} }{\partial t}\\,;}}$
$\nabla \times \mathbf {H} ={\frac {1}{c}{\frac {\partial \mathbf {E} }{\partial t}\\,.}}$ |
| 12 | Second law of thermodynamics | $\mathrm {d} S\geq 0$ |
| 13 | Relativity (Mass–energy equivalence) | $E=mc^{2}$ |
| 14 | Schrödinger equation | $i\hbar {\frac {\partial }{\partial t}\Psi ={\hat {H}\Psi }}$ |
| 15 | Information theory (Shannon entropy) | $H=-\sum \_{x}p(x)\log p(x)$ |
| 16 | Chaos theory (logistic map) | $x\_{t+1}=kx\_{t}\left(1-x\_{t}\right)$ |
| 17 | Black–Scholes equation | $\frac {1}{2}\sigma ^{2}S^{2}{\frac {\partial ^{2}V}{\partial S^{2}+rS{\frac {\partial V}{\partial S}+{\frac {\partial V}{\partial t}-rV=0}}}}$ |

## Reviews

*Kirkus Reviews* said that the book provided "clear, cogent explanations of how the equations work without burdening the reader with cumbersome derivations."

The *Maclean's* magazine review described the book as a "history of the human species told in equations" by the "finest living math popularizer".

The *New York Book Review* said that Stewart was a "genius in the way he conveys his excitement and sense of wonder across" who has a "valuable grasp" of "what it takes to make equations interesting" and "to make science cool."

The *Physics Today* journal review said that Stewart writes with "easy prose, which never fails to both educate and entertain."

*Business Insider* described the book as an "excellent and deeply researched book."

The Association for Computing Machinery's *SIGACT News* review called the book, the "latest spell" by the "master storyteller", the "Honorary Wizard of the Unseen University"—the "master storyteller"—who is able to "entertain" the reader with Greek symbols. The reviewer said Stewart focused on how equations have changed the world, as new equations gave "birth to new branches of science". Stewart provides the "historical background" to explain "how the equation was anticipated", how people then "generalized the ideas and formalized the results". He highlights the ways in which these equations continue to influence our lives in the twenty-first century.

The review in Notices of the American Mathematical Society journal, described Stewart as an "experienced writer" whose intended audience is the "general literate reader"—not mathematicians. The reviewer, a mathematician, said that Stewart was "generally successful in getting the essential points across in a nontechnical way without too much distortion. However, he personally would have preferred a less "discursive style" but acknowledged that Stewart's writing was appropriate for his intended audience.

## Themes

> "The Black–Scholes equation changed the world by creating a booming quadrillion-dollar industry; its generalisations, used unintelligently by a small coterie of bankers, changed the world again by contributing to a multitrillion-dollar financial crash whose ever more malign effects, now extending to entire national economics, are still being felt worldwide."
>
> *In Pursuit of the Unknown* 2012:310

In  *17 Equations*, Stewart described how the Black-Scholes equation provided the "mathematical justification for the trading"—and therefore—"one ingredient in a rich stew of financial irresponsibility, political ineptitude, perverse incentives and lax regulation" that contributed to the financial crisis of 2007–08. He clarified that "the equation itself wasn't the real problem", but its abuse in the financial industry.

## InfoBox

In Pursuit of the Unknown
17 Equations That Changed the World
| First edition (US) | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Ian Stewart |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Non-fiction |
| Publisher | Profile Books (UK)
Basic Books (US) |
| Publication date | February 2012 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Hardcover |
| Pages | 352 |
| ISBN | 978-1-84668-531-6 |
| Preceded by | *Cows in the Maze: And Other Mathematical Explorations (2010)* |
| Followed by | *Symmetry: A Very Short Introduction (2013)* |


title: Pops Harrison

abstract: Lawrence C. "Pops" Harrison was an American basketball coach and administrator. He was the head coach of the Iowa Hawkeyes from 1942 to 1950. Harrison was born and raised in Iowa City, Iowa, and played basketball at the University of Iowa, graduating in 1928. Harrison spent a year as athletic director and head coach at Westminster College in New Wilmington, Pennsylvania, before resigning in a surprise move at the end of a basketball season where he had led the Titans to a 13–1 record. He then moved to his alma mater as an assistant to head coach Rollie Williams. In 1942 Williams was called to Navy service and Harrison was elevated to the head coach position. He would be the Hawkeyes' coach for eight seasons, compiling a record of 98–42. His 1944–45 team went 17–1 behind All-Americans Dick Ives and Herb Wilkinson and won the Big Ten Conference title. In the 1949–50 season, Harrison suffered kidney stones and missed several games in the season. At the close of the season, Harrison was fired from his post as the University cited a failure to perform his job duties. Upon leaving the Hawkeyes, Harrison was named general manager of the professional Waterloo Hawks for their final season. After the Hawks folded, Harrison was hired in 1952 as head basketball coach and assistant football coach at Iowa Wesleyan, roles that he maintained for a school year. Harrison led the basketball Tigers to a 16–5 record for the 1952–53 season. Harrison died on August 19, 1967, at age 60.

text:
# Pops Harrison

**Lawrence C.** "**Pops**" **Harrison** (August 29, 1906 – August 19. 1967) was an American basketball coach and administrator. He was the head coach of the Iowa Hawkeyes from 1942 to 1950.

Harrison was born and raised in Iowa City, Iowa, and played basketball at the University of Iowa, graduating in 1928. Harrison spent a year as athletic director and head coach at Westminster College in New Wilmington, Pennsylvania, before resigning in a surprise move at the end of a basketball season where he had led the Titans to a 13–1 record. He then moved to his alma mater as an assistant to head coach Rollie Williams.

In 1942 Williams was called to Navy service and Harrison was elevated to the head coach position. He would be the Hawkeyes' coach for eight seasons, compiling a record of 98–42. His 1944–45 team went 17–1 behind All-Americans Dick Ives and Herb Wilkinson and won the Big Ten Conference title. In the 1949–50 season, Harrison suffered kidney stones and missed several games in the season. At the close of the season, Harrison was fired from his post as the University cited a failure to perform his job duties.

Upon leaving the Hawkeyes, Harrison was named general manager of the professional Waterloo Hawks for their final season. After the Hawks folded, Harrison was hired in 1952 as head basketball coach and assistant football coach at Iowa Wesleyan, roles that he maintained for a school year. Harrison led the basketball Tigers to a 16–5 record for the 1952–53 season.

Harrison died on August 19, 1967, at age 60.

## InfoBox

Pops Harrison
| Harrison during his final season at Iowa | |
| --- | --- |
| Biographical details | |
| Born | (1906-08-29)August 29, 1906
Iowa City, Iowa, U.S. |
| Died | August 19, 1967(1967-08-19) (aged 60)
Iowa City, Iowa, U.S. |
| Playing career | |
| 1925–1928 | Iowa |
|  | |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| Basketball | |
| 1930–1931 | Westminster (PA) |
| 1931–1942 | Iowa (assistant) |
| 1942–1950 | Iowa |
| 1952–1953 | Iowa Wesleyan |
| Football | |
| 1952–1953 | Iowa Wesleyan (assistant) |
|  | |
| Administrative career (AD unless noted) | |
| 1930–1931 | Westminster (PA) |
| 1950–1951 | Waterloo Hawks (GM) |
|  | |
| Accomplishments and honors | |
| Championships | |
| Big Ten (1945) | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Michael James O'Rourke

abstract: Michael James "Mickey" O'Rourke, was an Irish-Canadian soldier and dockworker. O'Rourke was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest, most prestigious decoration for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

text:
# Michael James O'Rourke

**Michael James "Mickey" O'Rourke** VC, MM (March 19, 1878  December 6, 1957), was an Irish-Canadian soldier and dockworker. O'Rourke was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest, most prestigious decoration for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

## Early life

There is little documentation of O'Rourke's life prior to World War I. Born in Limerick, Ireland, he served in the Royal Munster Fusiliers before emigrating to Canada where he joined the Canadian militia in Revelstoke, British Columbia. He also worked as a miner.

## World War I

O'Rourke joined the Canadian Expeditionary Force in February 1915. He had already been awarded the Military Medal for bravery at the Battle of the Somme when, as a member of the 7th (1st British Columbia) Battalion, the following action took place for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross.

During the period 15/17 August 1917 at the Battle of Hill 70 near Lens, France, Private O'Rourke, who was a stretcher-bearer, worked unceasingly for three days and nights bringing in the wounded, dressing their wounds and getting them food and water. During the whole of this period the area in which he worked was swept by heavy machine-gun and rifle fire and on several occasions he was knocked down and partially buried by enemy shells. His courage and devotion in carrying out his rescue work in spite of exhaustion and incessant heavy fire inspired all ranks and undoubtedly saved many lives.

## Later life

After the war, O'Rourke went to California, then returned to British Columbia where he eked out an existence on Vancouver's skid road, surviving on a disability pension of 10 dollars per month and casual work on the docks. During the Vancouver longshoremen's strike of 1935, he headed a protest march of about 1,000 strikers, wearing his medals and carrying the Union Jack. The marchers attempted to pass a police line guarding the waterfront and were attacked with clubs and tear gas in what came to be known as the Battle of Ballantyne Pier.

O'Rourke's later life was complicated by war-related chronic health problems and alcoholism. He died as an indigent at a Veterans' Affairs facility in Burnaby, BC, on December 6, 1957. His grave is located at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Burnaby.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Michael James O'Rourke | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1878-03-19)19 March 1878
County Limerick, Ireland |
| Died | 6 December 1957(1957-12-06) (aged 79)
Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada |
| Buried | Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada |
| Allegiance | Canada |
| Service/branch | Canadian Expeditionary Force |
| Rank | Private |
| Unit |  |
| Battles/wars | World War I |
| Awards |  |


title: Zdeněk Podskalský

abstract: Zdeněk Podskalský was a Czech film director and screenwriter. He directed 32 films between 1950 and 1987.

text:
# Zdeněk Podskalský

**Zdeněk Podskalský** (18 February 1923  29 October 1993) was a Czech film director and screenwriter. He directed 32 films between 1950 and 1987.

## Selected filmography

Poslední leč Alfonse Karáska

## InfoBox

| Zdeněk Podskalský | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1923-02-18)18 February 1923
Prague, Czechoslovakia |
| Died | 29 October 1993(1993-10-29) (aged 70)
Prague, Czech Republic |
| Occupation(s) | Film director
Screenwriter |
| Years active | 1950–1987 |


title: Mass media in France

abstract: Compared to other European nations, the French are not avid newspaper readers, citing only 164 adults out of every 1000 as newspaper readers. The French press was healthiest in the aftermath of World War II. A year after the end of the war, 28 papers had a combined circulation of about 7 million. However, seven years later that figure had been nearly halved. This decline was principally due to the greater popularity of the broadcast media and the subsequent diversion of advertising revenues. Since 2000 newly produced free papers have further weakened the established press. Still, 80 daily papers remain, and there is a wide range of weeklies, many of which now feature internet sites. Regional papers have remained relatively unaffected by the decline, with provincial newspapers commanding a higher degree of reader loyalty. For example, Ouest-France, sells almost twice as many copies as any of the national dailies.

text:
# Mass media in France

Compared to other European nations, the French are not avid newspaper readers, citing only 164 adults out of every 1000 as newspaper readers.

The French press was healthiest in the aftermath of World War II. A year after the end of the war, 28 papers had a combined circulation of about 7 million. However, seven years later that figure had been nearly halved. This decline was principally due to the greater popularity of the broadcast media and the subsequent diversion of advertising revenues. Since 2000 newly produced free papers have further weakened the established press. Still, 80 daily papers remain, and there is a wide range of weeklies, many of which now feature internet sites.

Regional papers have remained relatively unaffected by the decline, with provincial newspapers commanding a higher degree of reader loyalty. For example, *Ouest-France*, sells almost twice as many copies as any of the national dailies.

## Books

## Newspapers

In the early 21st century, the best-selling daily was the regional *Ouest-France* in 47 local editions, followed by *Le Progres* of Lyon, *La Voix du Nord* in Lille, and *Provençal* in Marseille. In Paris the Communists published *l'Humanite* while *Le Monde* and *Figaro* had local rivals in *Le Parisien*, *L'Aurore* and the leftist *Libération.*

### Daily newspapers and circulation

Below are the circulation figures of France's national daily newspapers from the Alliance pour les chiffres de la presse et des médias

*(updated: 30/03/2021)*

| Title | 2020 |
| --- | --- |
| *Le Monde* | 393,109 |
| *Le Figaro* | 331,927 |
| *Le Parisien/Aujourd’hui en France* | 264,952 |
| *L'Équipe* | 217,068 |
| *Les Échos* | 133,429 |
| *La Croix* | 86,440 |
| *Libération* | 76,522 |
| *L'Humanité* | 37,611 |
|

### Regional daily newspapers

| Title | Reader circulation (2020) | Publisher | Region of circulation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Le Parisien* | 180,854 | Amaury | Paris, Hauts-de-Seine, Val-de-Marne, Seine-Saint-Denis, Val-d\\'Oise, Essonne, Yvelines, Seine-et-Marne, Oise |
| *La Montagne* | 137,245 | Centre-France | Puy-de-Dôme, Cantal, Allier, Haute-Loire, Creuse, Corrèze, Haute-Vienne |
| *La République du Centre* | 25,381 | Centre-France | Loiret, Eure-et-Loir |
| *L'Yonne Républicaine* | 22,038 | Centre-France | Yonne |
| *Le Populaire du Centre* | 27,098 | Centre-France | Haute-Vienne, Corrèze, Creuse |
| *L'Écho républicain* |  | Centre-France | Eure-et-Loir, Yvelines |
| *Le Berry républicain* | 24,906 | Centre-France | Cher, Indre |
| *Le Journal du Centre* | 19,771 | Centre-France | Nièvre |
| *Le Dauphiné libéré* | 173,617 | EBRA | Drôme, Ardèche, Hautes-Alpes, Isère, Savoie, Haute-Savoie, Vaucluse |
| *Le Progrès* | 151,697 | EBRA | Loire, Rhône, Ain, Jura, Haute-Loire, Saône-et-Loire, Côte-d'Or |
| *L'Est républicain* | 107,578 | EBRA | Doubs, Haute-Saône, Territoire-de-Belfort, Vosges, Meuse, Meurthe-et-Moselle |
| *Les Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace* | 126,031 | EBRA | Haut-Rhin, Bas-Rhin |
| *L'Alsace-Le Pays* |  | EBRA | Bas-Rhin, Haut-Rhin |
| *Le Journal de Saône-et-Loire* | 44,795 | EBRA | Saône-et-Loire |
| *Le Bien public* | 33,873 | EBRA | Côte-d'Or, Yonne |
| *Vosges-Matin* | 30,661 | EBRA | Vosges |
| *Le Journal de la Haute-Marne* | 18,420 | EBRA | Haute-Marne |
| *La Provence* | 79,583 | Hersant Média | Bouches-du-Rhône, Vaucluse, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence |
| *L'Union* | 71,539 | Hersant Média | Marne, Aisne, Ardennes |
| *Nice-Matin* | 60,744 | Hersant Média | Alpes-Maritimes, Var, Haute-Corse, Corse-du-Sud |
| *Paris-Normandie* | 38,252 | Hersant Média | Seine-Maritime, Eure, Yvelines |
| *Var-matin* | 42,976 | Hersant Média | Var |
| *Corse-Matin* | 26,066 | Hersant Média | Haute-Corse, Corse-du-Sud |
| *L'Est-Éclair* | 21,718 | Hersant Média | Aube |
| *La Dépêche du Midi* | 120,807 | la Dépêche | Lot, Tarn-et-Garonne, Tarn, Gers, Haute-Garonne, Ariège, Aveyron, Aude, Lot-et-Garonne, Hautes-Pyrénées |
| *La Nouvelle République des Pyrénées* | 8,961 | la Dépêche | Hautes-Pyrénées |
| *La Nouvelle République du Centre-Ouest* |  | NRCO | Indre, Cher, Vienne, Deux-Sèvres, Indre-et-Loire, Loir-et-Cher |
| *La Voix du Nord* | 196,531 | Rossel | Pas-de-Calais, Nord |
| *Le Courrier picard* | 45,323 | Rossel | Somme, Oise, Aisne |
| *Nord éclair* |  | Rossel | Nord |
| *Ouest-France* | 625,896 | SIPA - Ouest-France | Calvados, Orne, Manche, Ille-et-Vilaine, Morbihan, Côtes-d'Armor, Finistère, Mayenne, Sarthe, Maine-et-Loire, Loire-Atlantique, Vendée, Paris |
| *Le Courrier de l'Ouest* | 76,870 | SIPA - Ouest-France | Maine-et-Loire, Deux-Sèvres |
| *Le Maine libre* | 34,804 | SIPA - Ouest-France | Sarthe |
| *La Presse de la Manche* |  | SIPA - Ouest-France | Manche |
| *Presse-Océan* | 22,637 | SIPA - Ouest-France | Loire-Atlantique |
| *Sud Ouest* | 211,197 | Sud Ouest | Charente, Charente-Maritime, Dordogne, Gironde, Lot-et-Garonne, Landes, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Gers |
| *Midi Libre* | 87,001 | Sud Ouest | Hérault, Lozère, Gard, Aude, Pyrénées-Orientales, Aveyron |
| *L'Indépendant* | 41,386 | Sud Ouest | Pyrénées-Orientales, Aude |
| *Charente libre* | 27,972 | Sud Ouest | Charente |
| *La République des Pyrénées* | 26,115 | Sud Ouest | Pyrénées-Atlantiques |
| *Centre Presse* | 16,268 | Sud Ouest | Aveyron |
| *Le Télégramme* (de Brest) | 177,880 | Télégramme | Finistère, Côtes d'Armor, Morbihan |
| *L'Écho du Centre* |  |  | Haute-Vienne, Corrèze, Creuse, Dordogne avec L'Écho Dordogne, Indre avec la Marseillaise du Berry |
| *L'Éveil de la Haute-Loire* | 9,076 |  | Haute-Loire |
| *Le Républicain lorrain* | 86,002 |  | Moselle, Nord de la Meurthe-et-Moselle |
| *La Marseillaise* |  |  | Bouches-du-Rhône, Gard, Var, Vaucluse |

## Television channels

The list below does not include Cable and Satellite television channels.

## Radio stations in France

## Bibliography


title: Ponderia caledonica

abstract: Ponderia caledonica is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

text:
# Ponderia caledonica

***Ponderia caledonica*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 15.1 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off New Caledonia.

* Houart, R., 1988. Description of seven new species of Muricidae (Neagastropoda) from the south-western Pacific Ocean. Venus 47(3): 185-196
* Merle D., Garrigues B. & Pointier J.-P. (2011) Fossil and Recent Muricidae of the world. Part Muricinae. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 648 pp.

## InfoBox

| *Ponderia caledonica* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shell of *Ponderia caledonica* (holotype at MNHN, Paris) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Muricidae |
| Genus: | *Ponderia* |
| Species: | ***P. caledonica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ponderia caledonica***<br>Houart, 1988 | |
|