title: Morris Iemma

abstract: Morris Iemma is a former Australian politician who was the 40th Premier of New South Wales. He served from 3 August 2005 to 5 September 2008. From Sydney, Iemma attended the University of Sydney and the University of Technology, Sydney. A member of the Labor Party, he was first elected to the Parliament of New South Wales at the 1991 state election, having previously worked as a trade union official. From 1999, Iemma was a minister in the third and fourth ministries led by Bob Carr. He replaced Carr as premier and Leader of the New South Wales Labor Party in 2005, following Carr's resignation. Iemma led Labor to victory at the 2007 state election, albeit with a slightly reduced majority. He resigned as premier in 2008, after losing the support of caucus, and left parliament shortly after, triggering a by-election. He was replaced as premier by Nathan Rees.

text:
# Morris Iemma

**Morris Iemma** (/ˈjɛmə/; born 21 July 1961) is a former Australian politician who was the 40th Premier of New South Wales. He served from 3 August 2005 to 5 September 2008. From Sydney, Iemma attended the University of Sydney and the University of Technology, Sydney. A member of the Labor Party, he was first elected to the Parliament of New South Wales at the 1991 state election, having previously worked as a trade union official. From 1999, Iemma was a minister in the third and fourth ministries led by Bob Carr. He replaced Carr as premier and Leader of the New South Wales Labor Party in 2005, following Carr's resignation. Iemma led Labor to victory at the 2007 state election, albeit with a slightly reduced majority. He resigned as premier in 2008, after losing the support of caucus, and left parliament shortly after, triggering a by-election. He was replaced as premier by Nathan Rees.

## Background

Iemma was born in Sydney, the only child of Giuseppe and Maria Iemma, migrants from Martone, Calabria, Italy. Maria Iemma worked in the clothing trade, and Giuseppe Iemma, a communist supporter in Italy, worked as a machine labourer. Morris joined the Labor Party when he was 16. He was educated at state schools in Sydney, including the now-closed Narwee Boys' High School, and has an economics degree from the University of Sydney and a law degree from the University of Technology, Sydney.

In 1997, Iemma married Santina Raiti, with whom he has four children. The couple's eldest child, Clara, is a cricketer.

Iemma is a member of the dominant right-wing faction of the New South Wales branch of the Australian Labor Party. From 1984 to 1986 he was an official with the Commonwealth Bank Employees Union. He then worked as an adviser to Senator Graham Richardson who held the environment and social security portfolios in the Bob Hawke and Paul Keating federal governments.

Iemma is a keen supporter of the St. George Illawarra Dragons in the NRL. He also supports the Sydney Swans in the AFL.

## Parliamentary career

### Member for Hurstville

Iemma contested the seat of Liberal-held seat of Hurstville at the 1991 New South Wales state election. He was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly with the slogan "A local who listens," defeating the sitting member for Earlwoood, Phil White. In his first term, he served on the Regulation Review Committee and served for eleven months as a member of the Joint Select Committee upon the Constitution (Fixed Term Parliament) Bills.

He was re-elected in 1995 and was appointed as a Parliamentary Secretary in the Carr Government. Initially assisting the Attorney General and Minister for Industrial Relations, Jeff Shaw, he was appointed Parliamentary Secretary assisting the Premier, Bob Carr in 1997. When the seat of Hurstville was abolished in 1999, he won a tough pre-selection battle for the safe seat of Lakemba, which included part of the old seat of Hurstville. Iemma would hold Lakemba until his resignation in 2008.

### Carr Government Minister

Following the 1999 election, Iemma was appointed Minister for Public Works and Services and Minister Assisting the Premier on Citizenship in the Carr ministry. He added the portfolio of Minister for Sport and Recreation in 2001. He held the three portfolios until the 2003 election.

In 2003, he was appointed as Minister for Health. His tenure as Health Minister was generally free of major controversy, although he has said of the Health portfolio: "it is one of the biggest and most difficult jobs in government".

## Premier

### First ministry

When Bob Carr announced his intention to retire as New South Wales Premier on 3 August 2005, Iemma immediately announced his candidacy to succeed him as leader of the NSW Labor Party and thus as Premier. Police Minister Carl Scully was also a candidate, but on 29 July he withdrew. Iemma was the only candidate when the Labor Caucus met on 2 August to elect a new leader. He was formally appointed by Professor Marie Bashir, the Governor of New South Wales, on 3 August.

Iemma immediately faced a number of resignations. Deputy Premier and Treasurer Andrew Refshauge, and senior minister Craig Knowles, once considered a potential leader himself, both declared they would leave politics. Iemma took the Treasury portfolio for himself. Among his first policy moves as new Premier, Iemma announced the immediate repealing of the vendor tax (a tax on investment property) that was introduced by the Carr government in 2003.

Opinion polls in August showed that Labor under Iemma's leadership was maintaining the lead over the Liberal opposition it had enjoyed under Carr, despite Iemma's relatively low profile. His short-term position was improved by the sudden resignation of Liberal leader John Brogden. This was seen in the results of the by-elections on 17 September caused by the resignation from Parliament of Carr, Refshauge and Knowles. Labor retained all three seats - Maroubra (Carr's seat) very easily, Macquarie Fields (Knowles's seat) comfortably, despite a substantial swing to the Liberals, and Marrickville (Refshauge's seat) despite a strong challenge from the Greens. In Marrickville, where the Labor candidate was Education Minister Carmel Tebbutt (switching from the Legislative Council), the Labor primary vote increased in the absence of a Liberal Party candidate.

Despite its relatively short term in office, the Iemma Government faced significant service delivery problems in transport, health care and future water supplies. Sydney newspapers consistently asserted that Iemma's government was more interested in "spin" than policy development. Other embarrassments beset his premiership. For example, in February 2006, while awaiting the start of a COAG media conference in Canberra, while chatting to Victorian Premier Steve Bracks and not realising cameras were operating, Iemma was recorded as saying:

*"Today? This fuckwit who's the new CEO of the Cross City Tunnel has ... been saying what controversy? There is no controversy."*

Nevertheless, in the months leading up to his first election as Labor leader, he maintained a comfortable lead in various opinion polls and was re-elected in the March 2007 election. Labor was returned with 52 seats compared to 35 for the Coalition.

### Second ministry

On 15 July 2007, after several failures on the NSW rail system, Iemma claimed that the government was at war with rail unions. In November 2007 the Iemma government lifted the ban on genetically modified canola production and started the process of privatising the state's electricity system. On 3 May 2008, the New South Wales ALP's State Conference rejected, by 702 to 107 votes, the Iemma government's plans to privatise the state's electricity system.

## Resignation and post-political career

On 5 September 2008, Iemma announced his resignation as Premier after losing the support of his caucus faction over the details of a proposed cabinet reshuffle sparked by the resignation of Deputy Premier John Watkins. Iemma had proposed that five other Ministers also depart, including Treasurer Michael Costa and Health Minister Reba Meagher. Iemma's faction, Centre Unity, supported the sacking of the Treasurer but not the other four Ministers. Faced with this rejection, Iemma resigned. The caucus unanimously selected Nathan Rees as Premier in his stead.

Iemma resigned from parliament on 19 September 2008, ending his 17-year political career, and forcing a by-election in the seat of Lakemba, won by Robert Furolo.

In May 2009, Iemma was admitted to hospital suffering from an acute brain inflammation—viral meningitis. As a result, he lost movement in his legs and underwent physiotherapy with the goal of recovering full use of his legs. Iemma has served as chair of the South Eastern Sydney Local Health District Board since 1 January 2011 and on the boards of the Cancer Institute NSW and the Sydney Cricket & Sports Ground Trust.

In January 2013, there was speculation that Iemma was considering standing for the Division of Barton in the Australian House of Representatives for Labor at the 2013 federal election to replace former Attorney-General Robert McClelland who on that day announced that he would be retiring from parliament after 17 years. Iemma, however, decided not to contest the preselection in Barton, and the preselection instead went to Steve McMahon.

In November 2012 and March 2014 Iemma was called before the NSW Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) in relation to allegations of corrupt behaviour by Eddie Obeid regarding a dispute between Australian Water Holdings and Sydney Water; and in relation to allegations of corrupt behaviour by Ian Macdonald and Obeid regarding the issuing of lucrative mining licences near Bylong. Both Obeid and Macdonald were found by ICAC to have acted in a corrupt manner regarding the issuing of mining licences and criminal charges were laid.

In 2015, Iemma sought preselection to contest Barton at the 2016 Australian federal election. Barton was ultimately contested and won by Iemma's former caucus colleague Linda Burney.

## Honours

The Morris Iemma Indoor Sports Centre, named in honour of Iemma and operated by the City of Canterbury-Bankstown in partnership with the YMCA NSW, is a modern sports facility that caters for a variety of indoor sports, including netball, basketball, soccer and volleyball as well as incorporating a gym, change rooms, cafeteria and childcare services. The facility was opened in March 2011.

## InfoBox

| The HonourableMorris Iemma | |
| --- | --- |
| Iemma in 2007 | |
|  | |
| 40th Premier of New South Wales | |
| **Elections: 2007** | |
| **In office**
3 August 2005  5 September 2008 | |
| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Governor | Marie Bashir |
| Deputy | John Watkins |
| Preceded by | Bob Carr |
| Succeeded by | Nathan Rees |
| Constituency | Lakemba |
| Ministerial offices 1999–2008   Minister for Citizenship  **In office**
3 August 2005  5 September 2008  Premier *himself*  Preceded by Bob Carr  Succeeded by Virginia Judge  Minister for State Development  **In office**
17 February 2006  2 April 2007  Premier *himself*  Preceded by John Watkins  Succeeded by Ian Macdonald  Treasurer of New South Wales  **In office**
3 August 2005  17 February 2006  Premier *himself*  Preceded by Andrew Refshauge  Succeeded by Michael Costa  Minister for Health  **In office**
2 April 2003  3 August 2005  Premier Bob Carr  Preceded by Craig Knowles  Succeeded by John Hatzistergos  Minister for Sport and Recreation  **In office**
21 November 2001  2 April 2003  Premier Bob Carr  Preceded by John Watkins  Succeeded by Sandra Nori (as Minister for Tourism and Sport and Recreation)  Minister Assisting the Premier on Citizenship  **In office**
8 April 1999  2 April 2003  Premier Bob Carr  Preceded by *new title*  Succeeded by John Hatzistergos  Minister for Public Works and Services  **In office**
8 April 1999  2 April 2003  Premier Bob Carr  Preceded by Ron Dyer  Succeeded by Craig Knowles (as Minister for Infrastructure and Planning) | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Constituencies 1991–2008   Member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
for Lakemba  **In office**
27 March 1999  19 September 2008  Preceded by Tony Stewart  Succeeded by Robert Furolo  Member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
for Hurstville  **In office**
25 May 1991  5 March 1999  Preceded by Guy Yeomans  Succeeded by *seat abolished* | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1961-07-21) 21 July 1961
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| Political party | Labor Party |
| Spouse | Santina Raiti (m. 1997) |
| Children | 4, including Clara Iemma |
| Education | Narwee Boys' High School
University of Sydney
University of Technology, Sydney |
| Profession | Union official and adviser |
|  | |


title: Motherlover

abstract: "Motherlover" is the first sequel to "Dick in a Box" by the Lonely Island, also featuring Justin Timberlake. It debuted on Saturday Night Live as an SNL Digital Short on May 9, 2009. The song finds the two ballad singers singing of their desire to have sex with each other's mothers as the ultimate tribute to Mother's Day. Set five months after the events of "Dick in a Box", the video opens with the balladeers being released from jail, only to be faced with the quandary of what to get their respective mothers for Mother's Day. The short was an effort between the two artists during a sleepless week of writing, recording and shooting before it aired. The song was written by the Lonely Island with Timberlake on the Tuesday before the short's premiere. Samberg and Timberlake recorded the song in an all-night session two days later, with a 20-hour video shoot commencing the next day. Schaffer began editing the footage early Saturday morning and only completed the short within minutes of its broadcast debut, finalizing the video while the show was already live. Released the day before Mother's Day 2009, the video was an immediate viral hit, in the same vein of its predecessor. The song was released as a single shortly before the release of the Lonely Island's sophomore record, Turtleneck & Chain. The song has two versions, which were both praised by David Jeffries of AllMusic.

text:
# Motherlover

"**Motherlover**" is the first sequel to "Dick in a Box" by the Lonely Island, also featuring Justin Timberlake. It debuted on *Saturday Night Live* as an *SNL* Digital Short on May 9, 2009. The song finds the two ballad singers (played again by Andy Samberg and Timberlake) singing of their desire to have sex with each other's mothers (played by Patricia Clarkson and Susan Sarandon) as the ultimate tribute to Mother's Day. Set five months after the events of "Dick in a Box", the video opens with the balladeers being released from jail, only to be faced with the quandary of what to get their respective mothers for Mother's Day.

The short was an effort between the two artists during a sleepless week of writing, recording and shooting before it aired. The song was written by the Lonely Island (Samberg, Jorma Taccone, and Akiva Schaffer) with Timberlake on the Tuesday before the short's premiere. Samberg and Timberlake recorded the song in an all-night session two days later, with a 20-hour video shoot commencing the next day. Schaffer began editing the footage early Saturday morning and only completed the short within minutes of its broadcast debut, finalizing the video while the show was already live.

Released the day before Mother's Day 2009, the video was an immediate viral hit, in the same vein of its predecessor. The song was released as a single shortly before the release of the Lonely Island's sophomore record, *Turtleneck & Chain*.

The song has two versions, which were both praised by David Jeffries of AllMusic.

## Charts

### Weekly charts

| Chart (2011) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 18 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2011) | Position |
| --- | --- |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 60 |

## InfoBox

| "Motherlover" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by the Lonely Island featuring Justin Timberlake | |
| from the album  *Turtleneck & Chain* | |
| Released | May 9, 2009 (broadcast)
April 19, 2011 (single) |
| Recorded | May 7–8, 2009 |
| Length | 2:49 |
| Label | Universal Republic |
| Songwriter(s) | Andy Samberg, Akiva Schaffer, Jorma Taccone, Drew Campbell, Asa Taccone, Justin Timberlake |
| Producer(s) | No I.D., Justin Timberlake, Drew Money |
| The Lonely Island singles chronology | |
| "We're Back!"
(2011) "**Motherlover**"
(2009) "Turtleneck & Chain"
(2011) | |
|  | |
| Justin Timberlake singles chronology | |
| "Winner"
(2010) "**Motherlover**"
(2011) "3-Way (The Golden Rule)"
(2011) | |
| Music video | |
| "Motherlover" on YouTube | |
|  | |


abstract: Mount Zion United Methodist Church is a historic church at 218 Alexander Street in Belton, Texas. It was built in 1893 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

text:
# Mount Zion United Methodist Church (Belton, Texas)

**Mount Zion United Methodist Church** is a historic church at 218 Alexander Street in Belton, Texas.

It was built in 1893 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

https://atlas.thc.state.tx.us/NR/pdfs/90001872/90001872.pdf

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Mount Zion United Methodist Church | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| South elevation of Mount Zion Church | |
| Mount Zion United Methodist ChurchMount Zion United Methodist Church | |
| Location | 218 Alexander St.,<br>Belton, Texas |
| Coordinates | 31°3′35″N 97°27′58″W / 31.05972°N 97.46611°W / 31.05972; -97.46611 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1893 (1893) |
| Architectural style | Gothic Revival, Vernacular Gothic Revival |
| MPS | Belton MPS |
| NRHP reference No. | 90001872 |
| Added to NRHP | December 26, 1990 |


abstract: Mount Zion United Methodist Church is a historic black church located at 1334 29th Street NW in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C., United States. It was built in 1876 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

text:
# Mount Zion United Methodist Church (Washington, D.C.)

**Mount Zion United Methodist Church** is a historic black church located at 1334 29th Street NW in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C., United States.

It was built in 1876 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

Media related to Mount Zion United Methodist Church (Washington, D.C.) at Wikimedia Commons Official website

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Mount Zion United Methodist Church | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. National Historic Landmark District<br>Contributing Property | |
| D.C. Inventory of Historic Sites | |
|  | |
| Mount Zion United Methodist Church in 2022 | |
|  | |
| Location | 1334 29th St., NW., Washington, District of Columbia |
| Coordinates | 38°54′28″N 77°3′31″W / 38.90778°N 77.05861°W / 38.90778; -77.05861 |
| Area | 0.1 acres (0.040 ha) |
| Built | 1876 |
| Architectural style | Gothic Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 75002051 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | July 24, 1975 |
| Designated DCIHS | June 27, 1974 |


title: Moscow City Duma District 34

abstract: Moscow City Duma District 34 is one of 45 constituencies in Moscow City Duma. Currently the district covers parts of South-Western Moscow. The district has been represented since 2024 by United Russia deputy Yekaterina Razzakova, a community activist and municipal deputy, who succeeded retiring two-term United Russia incumbent Olga Sharapova, redistricted there from District 36.

text:
# Moscow City Duma District 34

**Moscow City Duma District 34** is one of 45 constituencies in Moscow City Duma. Currently the district covers parts of South-Western Moscow.

The district has been represented since 2024 by United Russia deputy Yekaterina Razzakova, a community activist and municipal deputy, who succeeded retiring two-term United Russia incumbent Olga Sharapova, redistricted there from District 36.

## Boundaries

**1993–1997**: Kurkino, Mitino, Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo, Severnoye Tushino, Yuzhnoye Tushino
The district covered most of North-Western Moscow.

**1997–2001**: Kurkino, Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo, Severnoye Tushino, Yuzhnoye Tushino
The district continued to cover most of North-Western Moscow but ceded Mitino to District 35.

**2001–2005**: Kurkino, parts of Mitino, parts of Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo, Severnoye Tushino, Yuzhnoye Tushino
The district continued to cover most of North-Western Moscow and gained parts of Mitino, previously ceded to District 35, but in exchange lost parts of Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo to District 7.

**2005–2014**: constituency abolished
Prior to the 2005 election the number of constituencies was reduced to 15, so the district was eliminated.

**2014–2024**: parts of Severnoye Butovo, Yasenevo, parts of Zyuzino
The district was created prior to the 2014 election, after Moscow City Duma had been expanded from 35 to 45 seats. It covers parts of South-Western Moscow.

**2024–present**: Cheryomushki, Obruchevsky, Zyuzino
During the 2023–24 Moscow redistricting most of the territory of the old district became District 32 (Yasenevo and Severnoye Butovo). In its new configuration the district retained only Zyuzino (taking the rest of the raion from District 31) and is a clear successor to former District 36.

## Members elected

| Election | | Member | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1993 | Yevgeny Proshechkin | Choice of Russia |
|  | 1997 | Konstantin Solovyev | Independent |
|  | 2001 | Valery Skobinov | Independent |
|  | 2005 | *Constituency eliminated* | |
|  | 2009 | |
|  | 2014 | Aleksandr Semennikov | United Russia |
|  | 2019 | | Independent |
|  | 2024 | Yekaterina Razzakova | United Russia |

## Election results

### 2001

Summary of the 16 December 2001 Moscow City Duma election in District 34
| Candidate | | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Valery Skobinov** | Independent | **20,207** | **32.88%** |
|  | Aleksandr Volodin | Independent | 8,451 | 13.75% |
|  | Galina Leskova | Independent | 6,992 | 11.38% |
|  | Vladimir Pomazanov | Communist Party | 6,036 | 9.82% |
|  | Oleg Oreshkin | Independent | 5,556 | 9.04% |
|  | Yevgeny Proshechkin | Union of Right Forces | 3,512 | 5.71% |
|  | Rim Shakirov | Independent | 1,471 | 2.39% |
|  | against all | | 7,092 | 11.54% |
|  | | | | |
| Total | | | 62,029 | 100% |
|  | | | | |
| Source: | | | |  |

### 2014

Summary of the 14 September 2014 Moscow City Duma election in District 34
| Candidate | | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Aleksandr Semennikov** | United Russia | **13,913** | **42.04%** |
|  | Vladimir Kochetkov | A Just Russia | 7,034 | 21.25% |
|  | Gennady Zhivotov | Communist Party | 5,424 | 16.39% |
|  | Georgy Ogorodnikov | Yabloko | 3,358 | 10.15% |
|  | Anton Yurikov | Liberal Democratic Party | 2,209 | 6.67% |
|  | | | | |
| Total | | | 33,094 | 100% |
|  | | | | |
| Source: | | | |  |

### 2019

Summary of the 8 September 2019 Moscow City Duma election in District 34
| Candidate | | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Aleksandr Semennikov (incumbent)** | Independent | **11,888** | **36.43%** |
|  | Yulia Gladkova | Communist Party | 11,314 | 34.67% |
|  | Maksim Chirkov | A Just Russia | 4,157 | 12.74% |
|  | Anton Yurikov | Liberal Democratic Party | 2,106 | 6.45% |
|  | Aleksandr Filatov | Communists of Russia | 2,071 | 6.35% |
|  | | | | |
| Total | | | 32,631 | 100% |
|  | | | | |
| Source: | | | |  |

### 2024

Summary of the 6–8 September 2024 Moscow City Duma election in District 34
| Candidate | | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Yekaterina Razzakova** | United Russia | **36,424** | **52.03%** |
|  | Dmitry Shumkin | New People | 9,274 | 13.25% |
|  | Andrey Nesterenko | Liberal Democratic Party | 7,466 | 10.66% |
|  | Andrey Seleznyov | Communist Party | 6,603 | 9.43% |
|  | Roman Khudyakov | A Just Russia – For Truth | 5,832 | 8.33% |
|  | Aleksandr Baklanov | Communists of Russia | 4,356 | 6.22% |
|  | | | | |
| Total | | | 70,009 | 100% |
|  | | | | |
| Source: | | | |  |

1. "Результаты выборов по одномандатному избирательному округу, 2024". *moscow-city.vybory.izbirkom.ru*. Retrieved 2024-09-16.
2. "Закон города Москвы от 30 апреля 2014 года №22 "О схеме одномандатных избирательных округов по выборам депутатов Московской городской Думы"". *docs.cntd.ru*. Retrieved 2024-01-14.
3. "Закон города Москвы от 27 декабря 2023 года №39 "О схеме одномандатных избирательных округов по выборам депутатов Московской городской Думы"". *docs.cntd.ru*. Retrieved 2024-01-14.
4. "Результаты выборов по одномандатному избирательному округу, 2001". *panorama.ru*. Retrieved 2024-01-14.
5. "Результаты выборов по одномандатному избирательному округу, 2014". *moscow-city.vybory.izbirkom.ru*. Retrieved 2024-01-14.
6. "Результаты выборов по одномандатному избирательному округу, 2019". *moscow-city.vybory.izbirkom.ru*. Retrieved 2024-01-14.

## InfoBox

Moscow City Duma District 34
| **Moscow City Duma**
**constituency** | |
| --- | --- |
| Deputy | Yekaterina Razzakova
United Russia |
| Administrative Okrug | South-Western |
| Districts | Cheryomushki, Obruchevsky, Zyuzino |
| Voters | 182,448 (2024) |


title: Moscow City Duma District 30

abstract: Moscow City Duma District 30 is one of 45 constituencies in Moscow City Duma. Currently the district covers inner parts of Southern Moscow. The district has been represented since 2024 by United Russia deputy Olga Melnikova, a two-term incumbent and family services centre director, who was redistricted from District 32.

text:
# Moscow City Duma District 30

**Moscow City Duma District 30** is one of 45 constituencies in Moscow City Duma. Currently the district covers inner parts of Southern Moscow.

The district has been represented since 2024 by United Russia deputy Olga Melnikova, a two-term incumbent and family services centre director, who was redistricted from District 32.

## Boundaries

**1993–1997**: Dorogomilovsky, Matveyevskoye, Mosfilmovsky, Ochakovo, Prospekt Vernadskogo, Ramenki
The district covered parts of Western Moscow.

**1997–2001**: Ochakovo-Matveyevskoye, Prospekt Vernadskogo, Ramenki, TEOS MGU
The district continued to cover parts of Western Moscow, but ceded its part of Dorogomilovo to District 31.

**2001–2005**: Mozhaysky, Ochakovo-Matveyevskoye, Prospekt Vernadskogo
The district changed significantly as it swapped Ramenki for Mozhaysky District with the neighbouring District 31.

**2005–2014**: constituency abolished
Prior to the 2005 election the number of constituencies was reduced to 15, so the district was eliminated.

**2014–2024**: Chertanovo Tsentralnoye, Chertanovo Yuzhnoye
The district was created prior to the 2014 election, after Moscow City Duma had been expanded from 35 to 45 seats. It covers parts of Chertanovo in Southern Moscow.

**2024–present**: Danilovsky, Donskoy, Nagatino-Sadovniki, Nagorny
During the 2023–24 Moscow redistricting the territory of the district became the base for new District 29, except for a northeastern corner of Chertanovo Yuzhnoye, which was ceded to District 28. In its new configuration the district covers most of former District 32 (Danilovsky, Donskoy, Nagatino-Sadovniki) as well as Nagorny District from the eliminated District 31.

## Members elected

| Election | | Member | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1993 | Alevtina Nikitina | Choice of Russia |
|  | 1997 | | Independent |
|  | 2001 | Aleksandr Tarnavsky | Independent |
|  | 2005 | *Constituency eliminated* | |
|  | 2009 | |
|  | 2014 | Aleksey Mishin | Independent |
|  | 2019 | Margarita Rusetskaya | Independent |
|  | 2024 | Olga Melnikova | United Russia |

## Election results

### 2001

Summary of the 16 December 2001 Moscow City Duma election in District 30
| Candidate | | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Aleksandr Tarnavsky** | Independent | **24,128** | **41.52%** |
|  | Leonid Olshansky | Independent | 11,885 | 20.45% |
|  | Aleksey Suloyev | Independent | 5,731 | 9.86% |
|  | Oleg Shmatov | Russian United Industrial Party | 3,735 | 6.45% |
|  | Yevgeny Yankovsky | Independent | 1,399 | 2.41% |
|  | against all | | 8,986 | 15.46% |
|  | | | | |
| Total | | | 58,553 | 100% |
|  | | | | |
| Source: | | | |  |

### 2014

Summary of the 14 September 2014 Moscow City Duma election in District 30
| Candidate | | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Aleksey Mishin** | Independent | **16,069** | **50.61%** |
|  | Denis Davydov | Communist Party | 5,417 | 17.06% |
|  | Yelena Repkina | Independent | 3,860 | 12.16% |
|  | Dmitry Novikov | Yabloko | 2,352 | 7.41% |
|  | Sergey Yeliseyev | Liberal Democratic Party | 1,645 | 5.18% |
|  | Marina Ponyakhina | A Just Russia | 1,489 | 4.69% |
|  | | | | |
| Total | | | 31,751 | 100% |
|  | | | | |
| Source: | | | |  |

### 2019

Summary of the 8 September 2019 Moscow City Duma election in District 30
| Candidate | | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Margarita Rusetskaya** | Independent | **9,645** | **28.61%** |
|  | Roman Yuneman | Independent | 9,561 | 28.36% |
|  | Vladislav Zhukovsky | Communist Party | 8,346 | 24.76% |
|  | Pyotr Vikulin | Communists of Russia | 2,641 | 7.83% |
|  | Ilya Galibin | Liberal Democratic Party | 1,387 | 4.11% |
|  | Aleksey Tsyba | A Just Russia | 1,156 | 3.43% |
|  | | | | |
| Total | | | 33,713 | 100% |
|  | | | | |
| Source: | | | |  |

### 2024

Summary of the 6–8 September 2024 Moscow City Duma election in District 30
| Candidate | | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Olga Melnikova (incumbent)** | United Russia | **34,034** | **48.50%** |
|  | Oleg Novikov | Liberal Democratic Party | 9,817 | 13.99% |
|  | Tatyana Kim | Communist Party | 7,088 | 10.10% |
|  | Ksenia Pustovaya | New People | 6,733 | 9.59% |
|  | Aleksey Koshelev | Independent | 6,433 | 9.17% |
|  | Elina Zhgutova | A Just Russia – For Truth | 6,023 | 8.58% |
|  | | | | |
| Total | | | 70,179 | 100% |
|  | | | | |
| Source: | | | |  |

1. "Результаты выборов по одномандатному избирательному округу, 2024". *moscow-city.vybory.izbirkom.ru*. Retrieved 2024-09-15.
2. "Закон города Москвы от 30 апреля 2014 года №22 "О схеме одномандатных избирательных округов по выборам депутатов Московской городской Думы"". *docs.cntd.ru*. Retrieved 2024-01-14.
3. "Закон города Москвы от 27 декабря 2023 года №39 "О схеме одномандатных избирательных округов по выборам депутатов Московской городской Думы"". *docs.cntd.ru*. Retrieved 2024-01-14.
4. "Результаты выборов по одномандатному избирательному округу, 2001". *panorama.ru*. Retrieved 2024-01-14.
5. "Результаты выборов по одномандатному избирательному округу, 2014". *moscow-city.vybory.izbirkom.ru*. Retrieved 2024-01-14.
6. "Результаты выборов по одномандатному избирательному округу, 2019". *moscow-city.vybory.izbirkom.ru*. Retrieved 2024-01-14.

## InfoBox

Moscow City Duma District 30
| **Moscow City Duma**
**constituency** | |
| --- | --- |
| Deputy | Olga Melnikova
United Russia |
| Administrative Okrug | Southern |
| Districts | Danilovsky, Donskoy, Nagatino-Sadovniki, Nagorny |
| Voters | 180,097 (2024) |


title: Mount Sporli

abstract: Mount Sporli is a prominent mountain, 2,255 m, standing at the east side of the head of Driscoll Glacier in the Pioneer Heights, Heritage Range. It was named by the University of Minnesota Geological Party to these mountains in 1963–64 for Bernhard K. Sporli, a geologist with the party. Mount Sporli was first successfully climbed on December 17, 2011 by Simon Abrahams, Ralf Laier and Todd Passey.

text:
# Mount Sporli

**Mount Sporli** (79°33′S 83°36′W / 79.550°S 83.600°W / -79.550; -83.600) is a prominent mountain, 2,255 m, standing at the east side of the head of Driscoll Glacier in the Pioneer Heights, Heritage Range. It was named by the University of Minnesota Geological Party to these mountains in 1963–64 for Bernhard K. Sporli, a geologist with the party. Mount Sporli was first successfully climbed on December 17, 2011 by Simon Abrahams, Ralf Laier and Todd Passey.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Mount Sporli". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.


title: Mountain Arts Center

abstract: The Mountain Arts Center is a performing arts venue located at 50 Hal Rogers Drive in Prestonsburg, Kentucky. The center was established in October 1996 and became home to the Kentucky Opry. Its main feature is the 1,054 seat theater, along with several large meeting rooms, a recording studio, an arts education room, individual instruction halls, and an art gallery featuring exhibits from many local artists. The theater is also home to the Dance Etc. school of dance annual performances of The Nutcracker and Spring Recitals. Major musicians and bands to have used the center's stage in the past include: Dwight Yoakam, Loretta Lynn, George Jones, Montgomery Gentry, Ricky Skaggs, Patty Loveless, Ralph Stanley, IIIrd Tyme Out, Merle Haggard, The Temptations, Percy Sledge, The Platters, The Drifters, The Kingsmen, The Bishops, John Hagee, Dottie Rambo, Government Mule, Railroad Earth, and Steve Green.

text:
# Mountain Arts Center

The **Mountain Arts Center** is a performing arts venue located at 50 Hal Rogers Drive in Prestonsburg, Kentucky. The center was established in October 1996 and became home to the Kentucky Opry. Its main feature is the 1,054 seat theater, along with several large meeting rooms, a recording studio, an arts education room, individual instruction halls, and an art gallery featuring exhibits from many local artists. The theater is also home to the Dance Etc. school of dance annual performances of The Nutcracker and Spring Recitals.

Major musicians and bands to have used the center's stage in the past include: Dwight Yoakam, Loretta Lynn, George Jones, Montgomery Gentry, Ricky Skaggs, Patty Loveless, Ralph Stanley, IIIrd Tyme Out, Merle Haggard, The Temptations, Percy Sledge, The Platters, The Drifters, The Kingsmen, The Bishops, John Hagee, Dottie Rambo, Government Mule, Railroad Earth, and Steve Green.

## InfoBox

Mountain Arts Center
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | 50 Hal Rogers Drive<br>Prestonsburg, Kentucky, U.S. |
| Coordinates | 37°39′23″N 82°47′35″W / 37.65639°N 82.79306°W / 37.65639; -82.79306 |
| Type | Performing arts center |
| Seating type | Reserved |
| Capacity | 1,054 |
| Opened | October 1996 |
| Website | |
| Venue website | |


abstract: Moving Forward in Reverse: Greatest Hits is Saliva's 2010 greatest hits compilation album. Along with the group's most successful singles, the album also features one new song, "Time to Shine", which was named the official theme song to WWE's 2010 edition of Extreme Rules.

text:
# Moving Forward in Reverse: Greatest Hits

***Moving Forward in Reverse: Greatest Hits*** is Saliva's 2010 greatest hits compilation album. Along with the group's most successful singles, the album also features one new song, "*Time to Shine*", which was named the official theme song to WWE's 2010 edition of Extreme Rules.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Superstar" (Every Six Seconds and More Fast and Furious) | 4:03 |
| 2. | "Your Disease" (Every Six Seconds and Dracula 2000) | 4:00 |
| 3. | "Click Click Boom" (Every Six Seconds and More Fast and Furious) | 4:12 |
| 4. | "Always" (Back Into Your System) | 3:51 |
| 5. | "Rest In Pieces" (Back Into Your System) | 3:46 |
| 6. | "Raise Up" (Back Into Your System) | 3:45 |
| 7. | "Bleed For Me" (Rest in Pieces single and Daredevil: The Album soundtrack) | 4:00 |
| 8. | "Survival of the Sickest" (Survival of the Sickest) | 4:08 |
| 9. | "Razor's Edge" (Survival of the Sickest) | 3:22 |
| 10. | "Ladies and Gentlemen" (Blood Stained Love Story) | 3:37 |
| 11. | "Broken Sunday" (Blood Stained Love Story) | 3:53 |
| 12. | "Family Reunion" (Cinco Diablo) | 3:39 |
| 13. | "Time To Shine" (original) | 3:12 |
| 14. | "Weight Of The World" (Back Into Your System) | 4:28 |

## InfoBox

| Moving Forward In Reverse: Greatest Hits | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Greatest hits album by Saliva | |
| Released | March 23, 2010 |
| Recorded | 2000–2010 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 53:56 |
| Label | Island |
| Producer |  |
| Saliva chronology | |
| *Cinco Diablo*
(2008) ***Moving Forward In Reverse: Greatest Hits***
(2010) *Under Your Skin*
(2011) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Moving Forward in Reverse: Greatest Hits* | |
| 1. "Time to Shine"
Released: 2010 | |
|  | |


title: Moving Hearts (album)

abstract: Moving Hearts is the debut studio album recorded by Irish Celtic rock band Moving Hearts. The album features folk singer Christy Moore on vocals.

text:
# Moving Hearts (album)

***Moving Hearts*** is the debut studio album recorded by Irish Celtic rock band Moving Hearts. The album features folk singer Christy Moore on vocals.

## Track listing

1. "Hiroshima Nagasaki Russian Roulette" (Jim Page)  4:22
2. "Irish Ways and Irish Laws" (John Gibbs)  3:47
3. "McBrides" (Declan Sinnott, Dónal Lunny)  3:05
4. "Before the Deluge" (Jackson Browne)  5:40
5. "Landlord" (Jim Page)  2:41
6. "Category" (Declan Sinnott, Dónal Lunny)  2:55
7. "Faithful Departed" (Philip Chevron)  4:44
8. "Lake of Shadows" (Declan Sinnott, Dónal Lunny, Eoghan O'Neill)  4:45
9. "No Time for Love" (Jack Warshaw)  7:20

## Personnel

Moving Hearts

## InfoBox

| Moving Hearts | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Moving Hearts | |
| Released | 1981 |
| Recorded | Ireland |
| Studio | Keystone Studios, Dublin; Windmill Lane Studios, Dublin |
| Genre | Irish folk, Rock music |
| Length | 37.19 |
| Label | Warner Music Group |
| Producer | Dónal Lunny |
| Moving Hearts chronology | |
| ***Moving Hearts***
(1981) *Dark End of the Street*
(1982) | |


title: Moving Image Archive

abstract: The Moving Image Archive is a collection of Scottish film and video recordings at the National Library of Scotland, held at Kelvin Hall in Glasgow, Scotland. There are over 46,000 items within the collection, and over 2,600 of these are publicly available online at the library's Moving Image Catalogue.

text:
# Moving Image Archive

The **Moving Image Archive** is a collection of Scottish film and video recordings at the National Library of Scotland, held at Kelvin Hall in Glasgow, Scotland. There are over 46,000 items within the collection, and over 2,600 of these are publicly available online at the library's Moving Image Catalogue.

## History

The Scottish Film Archive was established by the Scottish Film Council in 1976 with the aid of the Government's Job Creation Scheme and became a permanent feature of the council's activities in 1978.

What was to become the Moving Image Archive came to the National Library of Scotland in 2007, though it was called the Scottish Screen Archive at the time. Scottish Screen was established in 1997 and worked in the areas of production, development, location assistance, exhibition and festivals, training, media education and preserving the heritage and history of the moving image; developing, encouraging and promoting every aspect of film, television and new media in Scotland. Working with the Scottish Government, their goal was to establish Scotland as a major screen production centre and project Scottish culture to the world.

It was announced in January 2006 that Scottish Screen would amalgamate with Scottish Arts Council to form the newly created Creative Scotland. Creative Scotland took over these functions in 2010. The NLS renamed the collection in 2015.

## Moving Image Archive

The main purpose of the National Library of Scotland's Moving Image Archive is to locate, preserve and provide access to moving images reflecting Scottish 20th and 21st century culture and history. In addition the Archive collects a wide range of written and photographic materials relating to the development of cinema exhibition and film production in Scotland over the past 100 years. The Archive was originally premised in Hillington with limited facilities, however it relocated in 2016 to the Library's new public centre for digital and moving image collections at Glasgow's Kelvin Hall.

Principally non-fiction, the Archive's collection to date includes more than 46,000 items comprising documentary, newsreel, shorts, educational, advertising and promotional films, amateur and professional productions. The material is largely on 16mm and 35mm, with smaller collections of 9.5mm and 8mm film and videotape. The collection has been built up largely through donations from all sectors of the community, industry, broadcasting organisations, local authorities and members of the public, with a nucleus of material acquired from the former Scottish Central Film Library and Films of Scotland Committee.

The strengths of the collection lie in its ability to illustrate local community life, industrial history and the changing nature of leisure. It reflects ways in which Scotland and its people have been portrayed in film since 1896, both by indigenous and visiting filmmakers and more recently the broadcasting sector and the Scottish film industry.

The television material in the Archive includes Gaelic language broadcast production from 1993 onwards, the acquisition of which is funded by Seirbheis nam Meadhanan Gaidhlig (GMS).

Preservation is the primary function of the archive. Purpose-built film and video vaults ensure that original masters are correctly stored and protected.

The Archive is a member of The International Federation of Film Archives (FIAF), the International Federation of Television Archives (FIAT), and is a founding member of the UK Film Archive Forum. The Archive is also a participating member of the Scottish Archive Network (SCAN).


title: Mound Bayou Public School District

abstract: The Mound Bayou Public School District was a public school district with its headquarters in Mound Bayou, Mississippi (USA). In addition to Mound Bayou, the district also served the town of Winstonville. On July 1, 2014 consolidated with the North Bolivar School District in Shelby, Mississippi to form the North Bolivar Consolidated School District. The central office for this consolidated district is located in Mound Bayou.

text:
# Mound Bayou Public School District

The **Mound Bayou Public School District** was a public school district with its headquarters in Mound Bayou, Mississippi (USA).

In addition to Mound Bayou, the district also served the town of Winstonville.

On July 1, 2014 consolidated with the North Bolivar School District in Shelby, Mississippi to form the North Bolivar Consolidated School District. The central office for this consolidated district is located in Mound Bayou.

## Schools

## Operations

In 2006 the school district's taxing resulted in the district spending $222 per student, taking up 5% of the operating costs, with other entities paying for the rest. This made Mound Bayou the poorest overall district in Mississippi, though not poorest in terms of taxable property. The State of Mississippi overall funded a greater percentage of the district's costs compared to a school district with more taxable property and/or funds from taxation.

## Performance

Circa 2012 the State of Mississippi ranked the district "successful", the only Mississippi Delta district to get that distinction. In addition a *Mississippi Business Journal* article from that year concluded that of all Mississippi school districts Mound Bayou was the most financially stable. After the merger with North Bolivar perception of Mound Bayou district residents was that the state had interfered with a previously stable school district.

## Demographics

### 2006-07 school year

There were a total of 653 students enrolled in the Mound Bayou Public School District during the 2006-2007 school year. The gender makeup of the district was 50% female and 50% male. The racial makeup of the district was 99.69% African American, 0.15% White, and 0.15% Hispanic. All of the district's students were eligible to receive free lunch.

### Previous school years

| School Year | Enrollment | Gender Makeup | | Racial Makeup | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Female | Male | Asian | African
American | Hispanic | Native
American | White |
| 2005-06 | 696 | 49% | 51% |  | 99.86% |  |  | 0.14% |
| 2004-05 | 690 | 51% | 49% |  | 100.00% |  |  |  |
| 2003-04 | 719 | 50% | 50% | 0.14% | 99.86% |  |  |  |
| 2002-03 | 720 | 50% | 50% |  | 100.00% |  |  |  |
|

## Accountability statistics

|  | 2006-07 | 2005-06 | 2004-05 | 2003-04 | 2002-03 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **District Accreditation Status** | Accredited | Accredited | Accredited | Accredited | Accredited |
| **School Performance Classifications** | | | | | |
| Level 5 (Superior Performing) Schools | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Level 4 (Exemplary) Schools | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Level 3 (Successful) Schools | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Level 2 (Under Performing) Schools | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Level 1 (Low Performing) Schools | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Not Assigned | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|

## Further reading


title: Mound Bottom

abstract: Mound Bottom is a prehistoric Native American complex in Cheatham County, Tennessee, located in the Southeastern United States. The complex, which consists of earthen platform and burial mounds, a 7-acre central plaza, and habitation areas, was occupied between approximately 1000 and 1300 AD, during the Mississippian period. The Mound Bottom site is likely associated with another mound complex located just over a mile to the south known as the Pack Site, or Great Mound Division, and together they have been called the "Great Mound Group." Due to structural similarities in the mounds and ceramic chronologies, these sites are believed to have been contemporaneous.

text:
# Mound Bottom

**Mound Bottom** is a prehistoric Native American complex in Cheatham County, Tennessee, located in the Southeastern United States. The complex, which consists of earthen platform and burial mounds, a 7-acre central plaza, and habitation areas, was occupied between approximately 1000 and 1300 AD, during the Mississippian period.

The Mound Bottom site is likely associated with another mound complex located just over a mile to the south known as the Pack Site, or Great Mound Division, and together they have been called the "Great Mound Group." Due to structural similarities in the mounds and ceramic chronologies, these sites are believed to have been contemporaneous.

## Geographical setting

Mound Bottom is situated on a horseshoe bend of the Harpeth River at the river's confluence with Mound Creek, which approaches the riverbank opposite the site from the east. The Mound Bottom bend is one in a series of sharp bends found along the lower Harpeth as the river twists and turns through a steep gorge en route to its confluence with the Cumberland River several miles to the north. The Harpeth surrounds Mound Bottom on the north, south, and east, while the entry to the bend from the west is marked by rocky uplands.

Mound Bottom is today located approximately 1-mile (1.6 km) north of the point where U.S. Route 70 crosses the Harpeth River, on the outskirts of Kingston Springs. The site is managed by the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation as part of Harpeth River State Park. Site access is prohibited without accompaniment by park rangers or the Tennessee Division of Archaeology. The Pack Site is located on private property approximately 1.5 miles (2.4 km) southwest of Mound Bottom, just south of US-70, and is not open for visitation.

## Archaeological history of Mound Bottom

Together the Mound Bottom site and Pack Site contain up to 34 earthen mounds, including between 11 and 14 at Mound Bottom and 20 at Pack. Some of these are flat-topped platform mounds that supported structures including ceremonial buildings or elite residences, while others were burial mounds. At Mound Bottom, the principal large flat-topped mound and up to 13 additional smaller mounds were arranged around a central plaza. The principal mound at Mound Bottom originally stood at least 36 feet tall and measured about 246 feet along each side of its base, and is oriented approximately 11 degrees east of north. The mound summit was originally accessed via a ramp or staircase located at the midpoint of the eastern face. According to early historical reports the Mound Bottom complex was surrounded by an earthen wall topped with a palisade of upright logs. However, any sign of the palisade had been plowed away by the early 1920s. In addition to the earthen, mounds, the site also included hundreds of houses, cemeteries, and agricultural fields.

The late prehistoric Native American culture of the Nashville Basin has been referenced in older and non-scholarly sources as being either the *Mound Builders* or the *Stone Graves Race.* Today archaeologists understand that Mound Bottom, Pack, and other late prehistoric mound sites in the area surrounding Nashville were constructed by a regional Mississippian culture known as *Middle Cumberland Mississippian.* This regional culture was first defined in the 1970s based on distinctive mortuary offerings and the presence of stone box burials, and has since been refined using ceramic typologies A recent reassessment of the Middle Cumberland Mississippian by Moore and Smith resulted in a revised chronology and new understanding of Mound Bottom's placement in the regional cultural sequence. Both Mound Bottom and Pack appear to have been initially established early in the Mississippian period (ca. A.D. 1000) by individuals from outside the region. Based on artifact types and skeletal examinations, it appears these founders may have come from the American Bottom, and possibly from the site of Cahokia. As a result of this connection, the Middle Cumberland Culture in Tennessee was part of the larger Mississippian Ideological Interaction Sphere (previously known as the Southern Cult and Southeastern Ceremonial Complex), which connected late prehistoric cultures from the Great Lakes, Gulf Coast, and the Appalachian Mountains.

By A.D. 1350, Mound Bottom and Pack appear to have been abandoned as a major centers, and while mound building and repair ceased, both sites continued to be used as burial locations. This change corresponds to a period of apparent political destabilization in the region, as the centralized authority of Mound Bottom and other large early sites gave way to fortified, autonomous village centers. This is followed in turn by a gradual abandonment of the region toward the end of the fourteenth century. According to Moore and Smith (2009, page 210), by A.D. 1475, Mississippian settlement of the region *drop well below the level of archaeological visibility.*

## Mound Bottom in recorded history

Early Tennessee historian John Haywood noted Mound Bottom's importance as an aboriginal site in 1823, and early settlers reported seeing large fortifications and towers at the site. In the late 1860s, Joseph Jones of the Smithsonian Institution investigated several prehistoric sites in Tennessee, and reported "extraordinary aboriginal works" at Mound Bottom.

In 1923, William E. Myer, also working with the Smithsonian, carried out the first modern investigation of the Mound Bottom site. Myer uncovered evidence of a structure and hearth atop one of the mounds at the Pack site and evidence of 10 ancient houses at Mound Bottom. Tennessee state archaeologist P.E. Cox followed up on Myer's finds in 1926, uncovering a number of stone box burials and baked clay floors. Parmenio Edward Cox, Tennessee's first State Archaeologist, conducted a month of fieldwork at Mound Bottom in 1926. Cox excavated at least 70 graves and tested nine mounds No report on those excavations was published. In 1936, 1937, and 1940 the University of Tennessee conducted excavations at both Mound Bottom and the Pack Site under the auspices of the Works Progress Administration. Those excavations were directed by Charles Nash, and examined several cemeteries and a burial mound.

In 1972, the State of Tennessee purchased the Mound Bottom site to preserve it as a state archaeological area. The Tennessee Division of Archaeology dispatched Carl Kuttruff and Michael O'Brien to conduct excavations at Mound Bottom in 1974 and 1975. Kuttruff and O'Brien tested six mounds and 19 houses. The results of those excavations were published in 2012 in the journal *Southeastern Archaeology*.

In 2005, Mound Bottom became part of Harpeth River State Park, a "linear park" connecting several archaeological, historical, and natural areas along the lower Harpeth. The site is closed to the public, although guided tours are available by request. In 2008 an adjacent 65-acre parcel including additional site area was purchased with the assistance of Tennessee Parks and Greenways Foundation.

Mound Bottom and the adjacent pictograph at May's Mace Bluff were the inspiration for the 2014 Tennessee Archaeology Awareness Month poster, created by the Tennessee Council for Professional Archaeology.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Mound Bottom | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| View of the central plaza and platform mound at Mound Bottom, from May's Mace Bluff | |
|  | |
| Location | Cheatham County, Tennessee |
| Coordinates | 36°8′23.35″N 87°6′4.93″W / 36.1398194°N 87.1013694°W / 36.1398194; -87.1013694 |
| Built | 950-1300 CE |
| NRHP reference No. | 71000813 |
| Added to NRHP | 1971 |


title: Mound 72

abstract: Mound 72 is a small ridgetop mound located roughly 850 meters (2,790 ft) to the south of Monks Mound at Cahokia Mounds near Collinsville, Illinois. Early in the site's history, the location began as a circle of 48 large wooden posts known as a "woodhenge". The woodhenge was later dismantled and a series of mortuary houses, platform mounds, mass burials and eventually the ridgetop mound erected in its place. The mound was the location of the "beaded burial", an elaborate burial of an elite personage thought to have been one of the rulers of Cahokia, accompanied by the graves of several hundred retainers and sacrificial victims.

text:
# Mound 72

**Mound 72** is a small ridgetop mound located roughly 850 meters (2,790 ft) to the south of Monks Mound at Cahokia Mounds near Collinsville, Illinois. Early in the site's history, the location began as a circle of 48 large wooden posts known as a "woodhenge". The woodhenge was later dismantled and a series of mortuary houses, platform mounds, mass burials and eventually the ridgetop mound erected in its place. The mound was the location of the "beaded burial", an elaborate burial of an elite personage thought to have been one of the rulers of Cahokia, accompanied by the graves of several hundred retainers and sacrificial victims.

## Mound 72 Woodhenge

Early in the history of Cahokia the portion of the site containing Mounds 72 and 96 was the location of a "woodhenge", a ceremonial area with a 412 feet (126 m) in diameter circle of 48 upright wooden posts. Archaeologists date the placement of at least one of the posts to approximately 950 CE. Archaeological research has shown that four of the posts were at the cardinal locations of north, south, east and west, the eastern and western posts marking the position of the equinox sunrise and sunsets. Four other posts in the circle were shown to be at the summer solstice sunrise and sunset and the winter solstice sunrise and sunset positions. This setup is nearly identical to the diameter and post positions of Woodhenge III, one of five successive woodhenges built in another location at Cahokia, differing only in that Woodhenge III was 2 feet (0.61 m) smaller in diameter. Considering the size of the circle and the fact that the post holes themselves could be as much as 1 metre (3.3 ft) in diameter, this discrepancy is almost negligible. The placement of the two mounds at the location and the directions in which they are oriented correspond to several of the solstice marking posts. The post nearest the later elite burial of the "Birdman" is the location that marked the summer solstice sunrise at the times of the site's use. The early stages of the mounds were actually constructed around the posts, although at a later point the posts were removed. Besides their celestial marking functions, the woodhenges also carried religious and ritual meaning that is reflected in their stylized depiction as a Cross in Circle Motif on ceremonial beakers connected with black drink ceremonialism. One prominent example has markers added to the winter sunrise and sunset positions.

Mound 72 is a ridgetop mound, one of only six recorded at the Cahokia site. Unlike the other ridgetop mounds which are aligned east/west and north/south (as are most other features at the large site), Mound 72 is aligned 30 degrees off the east/west line. This alignment is the same as the summer solstice sunrise/winter solstice sunset line for this latitude. Near the end of the late Emergent Mississippian Edelhardt Phase or the beginning of the early Mississippian Lohmann Phase (1000-1050 CE) two small platform mounds were constructed around several of the woodhenge posts, one of them the position marking the summer solstice sunrise position. These mounds were expanded and eventually merged and covered over, being reshaped in the process into the final Mound 72 ridge-top mound.

### Mound 72sub1

The beginnings of the mounds were the interment of several elite personages oriented to the summer solstice sunrise post. This post is aligned with the north/south axis with a point on the southwest corner of Monks Mound. The post had been replaced several times, including at least one episode after the beginning of mound construction. After the burial the location was covered over with Mound 72sub1, a small platform mound oriented in an east/west axis with a ramp projecting to the east and another projecting west toward the summer solstice sunset post. The summer sunrise post was located in the center of the eastern side of the mound.

#### Beaded or Birdman burial

5 metres (16 ft) west of the post was the burial of paired male/female elite pairs. The bodies were placed with their feet to the northwest on an elevated platform between a bed of 10,000 marine-shell disc beads arranged in the shape of a falcon,  with the bird's head beneath and beside the heads, and its wings and tail beneath the arms and legs. This burial is now known as the "Beaded burial" or the "Birdman burial." The falcon warrior or "birdman" is a common motif in Mississippian culture, and is even represented by other finds at Cahokia in the form of two small stone tablets with avian-human imagery. Below the birdman was a woman, buried facing downward. This burial clearly had powerful iconographic significance to the peoples of Cahokia.

#### Exotic Cache Burial

The Beaded Burial was accompanied by other high status burials. A group of seven women nicknamed the "Exotic Cache burial" had grave goods, including 1,674 marine shell beads, a large amount of mica, copper-covered wooden scepters, 15 chunkey stones and 709 finely made arrowheads collected from throughout the Mississippian world, specifically caches from Tennessee, southern Illinois, Wisconsin and a batch from the Caddoan Mississippian peoples in Oklahoma. These women may have been the preeminent people buried in Mound 72. The arrowheads strongly indicated that Cahokia had extensive trade links in North America.

### Mound 72sub2 and 72sub3

This mound was constructed precisely over the remains of a dismantled charnel house that was thought to have been erected at roughly the same time as the woodhenge post which it is next to. Interred in the mound were two recently deceased men and several bundled burials, probably the previous residents of the charnel house who had waited for the elite personages to die in order to be interred with them. Over this first phase a 46 feet (14 m) square platform with two levels and ramp on its eastern side was constructed. The next episode of construction at this location involved a pit being dug into the mound and a cache of various grave goods being deposited in it. A large rectangular pit was dug into the southeast corner of the mound and a mass burial of 24 women was made in it. A new layer of fill was added to the mound and it was extended to the southeast toward Mound 72sub1, for a ramp or extension over the mass burial.

#### Mound 72Sub2

##### Shell Bead Cache Burials

In the western part of the mound, a pit of 35,361 shell beads was placed on top of a group of 19 probable women (Features 236 and 237), thus nicknamed the Shell Bead Cache. Along with the 32,789 lightning whelk columella beads, 2,327 seed beads, and 245 whole shell beads, was the largest lightning whelk cup ever found, about 39 cm long. This, including the stone effigy of a woman holding a lightning whelk cup, indicates the importance of lightning whelk cups, and the women that probably crafted them. These elite crafters may have been retainers for the seven women in the Exotic Cache Burial (see above). These marine shell artifacts are the most numerous from Mississippian sites except for the Spiro site.

#### Mound 72Sub3

The next episode of construction involved three stages. A small platform was constructed near the southeastern ramp and four young males with their arms interlocked and missing their hands and skulls were laid out on the platform. Some researchers have concluded that the four men may represent the four cardinal directions.

In a pit excavated next to these four men were placed the bodies of a large group of young women. This mass grave contained the remains of 53 females ranging between 15 and 30 years of age, arranged in two layers separated by matting. The young women show evidence of having been strangled before being arranged in neat rows in the pit. Analysis of bones and dental traits of these women have led archaeologists to believe these individuals were not from the same social class and ethnic group as other individuals interred in the mound. Non-metric dental traits have suggested that these individuals were not from the Cahokia area and were possibly immigrants new to the area. Analysis of specific carbon isotope and nitrogen isotope ratios left by maize consumption in the bones and cartilage of the women, as well as pathologies indicative of poor health and nutritional stress, have led researchers to also conclude they were of a lower social status than elite burials in the mound, consuming more maize and less animal protein than elite individuals.

This entire construction was then covered and extended even further toward Mound 72sub1 and now dubbed by archaeologists as Mound 72sub3. Next to this mound to the southwest another mass burial was made. This burial is the most grisly found at the site, containing 39 men and women who appear to have been violently killed. Before the mass interment a pit was dug and lined with white sand. The victims were then killed and thrown over the edge of the pit. These people showed signs of meeting a violent end, including several being incompletely decapitated, some with fractured skulls and others with fractured jawbones. The evidence shows that some of these individuals were buried alive: "From the vertical position of some of the fingers, which appear to have been digging in the sand, it is apparent that not all of the victims were dead when they were interred – that some had been trying to pull themselves out of the mass of bodies." The presence of arrowheads in the back of some of these victims, coupled with the beheadings and other evidence of violent death, has led some researchers to conclude that these victims show evidence of warfare or were even the losers of a rebellion against the rulers of Cahokia, possibly even objectors to the earlier sacrifices of the young women. On top of them were the remains of 15 elite individuals laid out upon litters made from cedar poles and cane matting . Radiocarbon dating of the cedar poles used for the litters in the top layer burials in this pit determined that this burial was made approximately 100 years after the woodhenge circle had been constructed, or in approximately 1030 CE.

Numerous secondary bundle burials of the bones of individuals previously stored in a charnel house were also made into the mound. After a few final intrusive burials into the southwestern edge, Sub3 and Sub1 were covered over in a blanket of earth and given its distinctive ridgetop shape. All of the burials in the mound are located within an area circumscribed by the arc of the woodhenge circle. In total some 272 individuals had been interred in Mound 72 in six separate episodes of burial, taking place over a roughly one hundred-year period. Researchers theorize that this could represent the lineage of a prominent family along with many retainers and sacrifices. Scholars believe almost 62 percent of the over 270 people interred in the mound were sacrificial victims, based on signs of ritual execution, method of burial, and other factors.

### Similarities to historical events

A similar ritual human sacrifice of retainers and commoners upon the death of an elite personage is attested in the historical record among the Natchez, the last remaining fully Mississippian culture in the southeastern United States. Upon the death of "Tattooed Serpent" in 1725, the war chief and younger brother of the "Great Sun" or Chief of the Natchez, two of his wives, one of his sisters (nicknamed *La Glorieuse* by the French), his first warrior, his doctor, his head servant and the servant's wife, his nurse, and a craftsman of war clubs all chose to die and be interred with him, as well as several old women and an infant who was strangled by his parents. Great honor was associated with such a sacrifice, and their kin was held in high esteem. After a funeral procession with the chief's body carried on a litter made of cane matting and cedar poles ended at the temple (which was located on top of a low platform mound), the retainers, with their faces painted red and accompanied by their relatives, dressed up in their finest garments, were drugged with large doses of nicotine, and ritually strangled. Tattooed Serpent was then buried in a trench inside the temple floor and the retainers were buried in other locations atop the mound surrounding the temple. After a few months time the bodies were dis-interred and their defleshed bones were stored as bundle burials in the temple.

## Mound 96

Mound 96 is a virtual mirror image of Mound 72 sub 1. It was another small nearly square platform mound measuring approximately 15 metres (49 ft) wide at its base and a projecting ramp on its eastern side giving it a T-shape. It was built around the location of the winter sunset pole of the woodhenge and oriented along the north/south and east/west alignment common at Cahokia, with the ramp facing the winter solstice sunrise pole. The ramp starts at 5 metres (16 ft) wide at its base, but narrows to 50 centimetres (1.6 ft) in width at its top. Radiocarbon dating and ceramic analysis of sherds found in the mound place its beginning construction date to the Lohmann Phase (1000-1050 CE), at roughly the same time as Mound 72. The mound, also like Mound 72, was finished with a hard cap of black clay, thought by archaeologists to have been engineered by its builders as a protective layer to protect the mound from erosion. The mound is thought to contain burials as well, but due to new federal laws concerning the excavation of Native American remains the portions of the mound suspected to have burials have not been excavated.

## Excavations

In the 1960s archaeologist Melvin L. Fowler noticed that the northeastern corner of the unusually aligned Mound 72 was located on a north/south axis aligned with the southwestern corner of Monks Mound and the western edge of Mound 49, an east/west oriented ridgetop mound located within the Grand Plaza area of downtown Cahokia. After discussions with Warren Wittry (the discoverer of the Cahokia Woodhenge) about the north/south axis alignment and the mounds longitudinal alignment along the axis of the solstices, he hypothesized that a large post may have marked the location. After getting funding he began a series of excavations at the mound in 1967 that lasted into the early 1970s. The post pit hole was found where he had predicted it would be, as were several others in an arc to the northwest, along with the spectacular series of burials located within and under the mound. Mound 96, a previously unnoticed small mound to the southwest, was discovered and numbered at this time. By 1977 Fowler was again studying aerial photos and maps of the location when he noticed that measurements concerning the two mounds and associated postholes corresponded nearly exactly with circumference and diameter measurements from Woodhenge III. He plotted a set of postholes predictions and eventually received funding to excavate in the early 1990s. In excavations lasting throughout the 1990s he excavated parts of Mound 96 and several projected posthole locations looking for proof of a hypothesized southern woodhenge at Cahokia. Not all archaeologists associated with Cahokia agreed with his conclusions and predictions at the time. Although weather-related problems, low-lying terrain with flooding issues and other factors made the endeavor difficult, Fowler eventually located several other post pits at or near their predicted locations, including the winter solstice sunset position under Mound 96.

## InfoBox

Mound 72
| Mound 72, reconstructed after major excavations | |
| --- | --- |
| Location within Illinois today | |
| Location | Collinsville, Illinois, Madison County, Illinois, United States |
| Region | Madison County, Illinois |
| Coordinates | 38°39′2.02″N 90°3′48.24″W / 38.6505611°N 90.0634000°W / 38.6505611; -90.0634000 |
| History | |
| Cultures | Middle Mississippian culture |
| Site notes | |
| Excavation dates | 1967–1972, 1992–1997, |
| Archaeologists | Melvin L. Fowler |
| Architecture | |
| Architectural styles | timber circle, platform mound, ridgetop mound, mass burial |
| Architectural details | Number of monuments: 1 Number of temples: 2 |


title: Motility protein A

abstract: Motility protein A (MotA), is a bacterial protein that is encoded by the motA gene. It is a component of the flagellar motor. More specifically, MotA and MotB make the stator of a H+ driven bacterial flagella and surround the rotor as a ring of about 8–10 particles. MotA and MotB are integral membrane proteins. MotA has four transmembrane domains. Both proteins are part of the H+ channel that makes possible the flux of protons and the motor's rotation. In MotA mutants, the motor function is re-established if the MotA protein is expressed. Though MotA and MotB are part of the proteins required for H+ mediated flagellar motility, they show a high degree of homology to the PomA and PomB proteins present in bacterial species utilizing Na+ ion fluxes to power flagella and studies have revealed that a 'pomA' mutant of Vibrio alginolyticus can regain motility by expression of MotA. As restoring motility of pomA mutants by heterologous expression of MotA does not change the ion used to power the flagellum of the transgenic Vibrio alginolyticus, MotA is not in itself an essential specificity factor in ion selectivity, though that does not exclude it being partially involved in determining ion specificity of the flagellar complex.

text:
# Motility protein A

**Motility protein A** (**MotA**), is a bacterial protein that is encoded by the *motA* gene. It is a component of the flagellar motor. More specifically, MotA and MotB make the stator of a H+ driven bacterial flagella and surround the rotor as a ring of about 8–10 particles. MotA and MotB are integral membrane proteins. MotA has four transmembrane domains.

Both proteins are part of the H+ channel that makes possible the flux of protons and the motor's rotation.

In *MotA* mutants, the motor function is re-established if the MotA protein is expressed.

Though MotA and MotB are part of the proteins required for H+ mediated flagellar motility, they show a high degree of homology to the PomA and PomB proteins present in bacterial species utilizing Na+ ion fluxes to power flagella and studies have revealed that a 'pomA' mutant of *Vibrio alginolyticus* can regain motility by expression of MotA. As restoring motility of *pomA* mutants by heterologous expression of *MotA* does not change the ion used to power the flagellum of the transgenic *Vibrio alginolyticus*, MotA is not in itself an essential specificity factor in ion selectivity, though that does not exclude it being partially involved in determining ion specificity of the flagellar complex.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Motility protein A | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| Organism | *Escherichia coli* str. K-12 |
| Symbol | motA |
| Alt. symbols | ECK1891; flaJ; JW1879 |
| Entrez | 947564 |
| RefSeq (Prot) | NP\_416404.1 |
| UniProt | P09348 |
| Other data | |
| Chromosome | *chromosome: 1.97 - 1.98 Mb* |
| Search for  Structures Swiss-model  Domains InterPro | |


title: Motilin receptor

abstract: Motilin receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds motilin. It was first cloned in 1999 by Merck Laboratories. and scientists have since been searching for compounds to modify its behavior. The primary structure of the motilin receptor consists of 412 amino acids, while its tertiary structure resembles a golf club. The protein C-terminal protein protects from enzymatic degradation, while the N-terminal is essential for binding.

text:
# Motilin receptor

**Motilin receptor** is a G protein-coupled receptor (previously GPCR38) that binds motilin. It was first cloned in 1999 by Merck Laboratories. and scientists have since been searching for compounds to modify its behavior.

The primary structure of the motilin receptor consists of 412 amino acids, while its tertiary structure resembles a golf club. The protein C-terminal protein protects from enzymatic degradation, while the N-terminal is essential for binding.

## Function

The primary function of the motilin receptor is to contract gastric smooth muscle during phase III of the migrating motor complex (MMC). In this final phase of the MMC, N-type motilin receptors in the distal antral pump of the stomach are activated. This causes contraction of the gastric smooth muscle, sieving food into the small intestine, and priming the stomach for the next meal.

## Motilin

Motilin is an intestinal peptide that stimulates the contraction of gastric smooth muscle via the motilin receptor. It is produced by enteroendocrine cells in the proximal small intestine and secreted cyclically. Motilin mimetics could be used to increase gastric motility in patients with gastroparesis e.g., constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. However, none of the candidate drugs that have been tested so far have made it to market.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| MLNR | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | MLNR, GPR38, MTLR1, motilin receptor | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 602885; HomoloGene: 74398; GeneCards: MLNR; OMA:MLNR - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001507   n/a   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001498   n/a   Location (UCSC) Chr 13: 49.22 – 49.22 Mb n/a  PubMed search  n/a | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human | | | |


title: Motility

abstract: Motility is the ability of an organism to move independently using metabolic energy. This biological concept encompasses movement at various levels, from whole organisms to cells and subcellular components. Motility is observed in animals, microorganisms, and even some plant structures, playing crucial roles in activities such as foraging, reproduction, and cellular functions. It is genetically determined but can be influenced by environmental factors. In multicellular organisms, motility is facilitated by systems like the nervous and musculoskeletal systems, while at the cellular level, it involves mechanisms such as amoeboid movement and flagellar propulsion. These cellular movements can be directed by external stimuli, a phenomenon known as taxis. Examples include chemotaxis and phototaxis. Motility also includes physiological processes like gastrointestinal movements and peristalsis. Understanding motility is important in biology, medicine, and ecology, as it impacts processes ranging from bacterial behavior to ecosystem dynamics.

text:
# Motility

**Motility** is the ability of an organism to move independently using metabolic energy. This biological concept encompasses movement at various levels, from whole organisms to cells and subcellular components.

Motility is observed in animals, microorganisms, and even some plant structures, playing crucial roles in activities such as foraging, reproduction, and cellular functions. It is genetically determined but can be influenced by environmental factors.

In multicellular organisms, motility is facilitated by systems like the nervous and musculoskeletal systems, while at the cellular level, it involves mechanisms such as amoeboid movement and flagellar propulsion. These cellular movements can be directed by external stimuli, a phenomenon known as taxis. Examples include chemotaxis (movement along chemical gradients) and phototaxis (movement in response to light).

Motility also includes physiological processes like gastrointestinal movements and peristalsis. Understanding motility is important in biology, medicine, and ecology, as it impacts processes ranging from bacterial behavior to ecosystem dynamics.

## Definitions

Motility, the ability of an organism to move independently, using metabolic energy, can be contrasted with sessility, the state of organisms that do not possess a means of self-locomotion and are normally immobile. Motility differs from **mobility**, the ability of an object to be moved.

The term **vagility** means a lifeform that can be moved but only passively; sessile organisms including plants and fungi often have vagile parts such as fruits, seeds, or spores which may be dispersed by other agents such as wind, water, or other organisms.

Motility is genetically determined, but may be affected by environmental factors such as toxins. The nervous system and musculoskeletal system provide the majority of mammalian motility.

In addition to animal locomotion, most animals are motile, though some are vagile, described as having passive locomotion. Many bacteria and other microorganisms, including even some viruses, and multicellular organisms are motile; some mechanisms of fluid flow in multicellular organs and tissue are also considered instances of motility, as with gastrointestinal motility. Motile marine animals are commonly called free-swimming, and motile non-parasitic organisms are called free-living.

Motility includes an organism's ability to move food through its digestive tract. There are two types of intestinal motility – peristalsis and segmentation. This motility is brought about by the contraction of smooth muscles in the gastrointestinal tract which mix the luminal contents with various secretions (segmentation) and move contents through the digestive tract from the mouth to the anus (peristalsis).

## Cellular level

At the cellular level, different modes of movement exist:

Many cells are not motile, for example *Klebsiella pneumoniae* and *Shigella*, or under specific circumstances such as *Yersinia pestis* at 37 °C.

## Movements

Events perceived as movements can be directed:


title: Motipur, Punjab

abstract: Motipur is a village in Shahkot in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) from Shahkot, 24 kilometres (15 mi) from Nakodar, 35 kilometres (22 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 179 kilometres (111 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

text:
# Motipur, Punjab

**Motipur** is a village in Shahkot in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) from Shahkot, 24 kilometres (15 mi) from Nakodar, 35 kilometres (22 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 179 kilometres (111 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

## Transport

Shahkot Malisian station is the nearest train station. The village is 85 kilometres (53 mi) away from domestic airport in Ludhiana and the nearest international airport is located in Chandigarh also Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport is the second nearest airport which is 98 kilometres (61 mi) away in Amritsar.

## InfoBox

| Motipur | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| MotipurLocation in Punjab, IndiaMotipurMotipur (India) | |
| Coordinates: 31°10′47″N 75°16′03″E / 31.179763°N 75.2675101°E / 31.179763; 75.2675101 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Punjab |
| District | Jalandhar |
| Tehsil | Shahkot |
| Government | |
| Type | Panchayat raj |
| Body | Gram panchayat |
| Elevation | 240 m (790 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 364 |
|  | Sex ratio 178/186 / |
| Languages | |
| Official | Punjabi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-PB |
| Vehicle registration | PB\- 08 |
| Website | jalandhar.nic.in |


title: Motipur, Kapilvastu

abstract: Motipur is a village development committee in Kapilvastu District in the Lumbini Zone of southern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 7710 people living in 1331 individual households.

text:
# Motipur, Kapilvastu

**Motipur**  is a village development committee in Kapilvastu District in the Lumbini Zone of southern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 7710 people living in 1331 individual households.

1. "Nepal Census 2001". *Nepal's Village Development Committees*. Digital Himalaya. Retrieved 14 December 2008.

## InfoBox

| Motipur मोतिपुर | |
| --- | --- |
| Village development committee | |
| MotipurLocation in Nepal | |
| Coordinates: 27°43′N 83°10′E / 27.72°N 83.17°E / 27.72; 83.17 | |
| Country | Nepal |
| Zone | Lumbini Zone |
| District | Kapilvastu District |
| Population (1991) | |
| Total | 4,590 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:45 (Nepal Time) |