title: A498 road

abstract: The A498 is a 16-mile road between Pen-y-Gwryd and Porthmadog in North Wales. At Pen-y-Gwryd, the A4086 Llanberis Pass route bears off to the north. The A498 descends from a 277 m (909 ft.) summit at Pen-y-Gwryd and runs south west through the village of Beddgelert and the Aberglaslyn Pass, where it overlaps the A4085. The A498 then passes through Tremadog and crosses the A487 at a roundabout, before passing under the Cambrian Coast railway and terminating at Penamser on the A497, about a mile west of Porthmadog. At its northern end, the road forms a link via the A4086 with the A5 at Capel Curig, forming a useful holiday route to the Beddgelert/Porthmadog area. At the junctions, the A4086 to Llanberis is the minor road at Pen-y-Gwryd, while the A498 is the minor road at Beddgelert. At Pont Aberglaslyn, the A4085 is the minor road diverging to Penrhyndeudraeth and at Tremadog, the A498 is the major road. The junction west of Tremadog is a roundabout and at Penamser, the A498 is the minor road. There is a steep descent of Nantgwynant and some 1+3⁄4 miles of this is on a substandard, narrow twisting alignment, where larger vehicles have difficulty in passing. There are further substandard sections in the Aberglaslyn Pass and towards Tremadog and coaches have had difficulty passing in this section. The road passes through Beddgelert by way of a sharp right angled bend over a river bridge, not recommended for articulated vehicles. In the Aberglaslyn Pass the trackbed of the Welsh Highland Railway, now being reconstructed, can be seen on the opposite side of the Afon Glaslyn. At its west end, the route crosses the new A487 Porthmadog Bypass at a roundabout west of Tremadog.

text:
# A498 road

The **A498** is a 16-mile road between Pen-y-Gwryd and Porthmadog in North Wales.

At Pen-y-Gwryd, the A4086 Llanberis Pass route bears off to the north. The A498 descends from a 277 m (909 ft.) summit at Pen-y-Gwryd and runs south west through the village of Beddgelert and the Aberglaslyn Pass, where it overlaps the A4085. The A498 then passes through Tremadog and crosses the A487 at a roundabout, before passing under the Cambrian Coast railway and terminating at Penamser on the A497 (52°56′01″N 4°09′15″W / 52.9336°N 4.1543°W / 52.9336; -4.1543 (A498 road (southern end))), about a mile west of Porthmadog. At its northern end, the road forms a link via the A4086 with the A5 at Capel Curig, forming a useful holiday route to the Beddgelert/Porthmadog area. At the junctions, the A4086 to Llanberis is the minor road at Pen-y-Gwryd, while the A498 is the minor road at Beddgelert. At Pont Aberglaslyn, the A4085 is the minor road diverging to Penrhyndeudraeth and at Tremadog, the A498 is the major road. The junction west of Tremadog is a roundabout and at Penamser, the A498 is the minor road.

There is a steep descent of Nantgwynant and some 1+34 miles of this is on a substandard, narrow twisting alignment, where larger vehicles have difficulty in passing. There are further substandard sections in the Aberglaslyn Pass and towards Tremadog and coaches have had difficulty passing in this section. The road passes through Beddgelert by way of a sharp right angled bend over a river bridge, not recommended for articulated vehicles. In the Aberglaslyn Pass the trackbed of the Welsh Highland Railway, now being reconstructed, can be seen on the opposite side of the Afon Glaslyn. At its west end, the route crosses the new A487 Porthmadog Bypass at a roundabout west of Tremadog.

## Recent improvements

In late 2008 the Bryn-y-felin road bridge was rebuilt over the Welsh Highland Railway as part of Gwynedd Council's WHR Bridges policy. Unfortunately the bridge was rebuilt with such narrow dimensions that vehicles wider than a standard car find it difficult to pass.

## History

The road was created from early toll roads. There was some improvement in the 1960s/70s in Nantgwynant and south of the Aberglaslyn Pass. Just south of the Goat Hotel in Beddgelert is an arched railway overbridge (with height and width restrictions) built by the Portmadoc, Beddgelert and South Snowdon Railway but never used.

53°01′04″N 4°05′41″W / 53.0179°N 4.0946°W / 53.0179; -4.0946 (A498 road)

## InfoBox

| A498 | |
| --- | --- |
| The A498 at its junction with the A4085 in Beddgelert | |
| Route information | |
| Length | 14.8 mi (23.8 km) |
| Major junctions | |
| north end | 53°04′55″N 4°00′08″W / 53.0819°N 4.0022°W / 53.0819; -4.0022 (A498 road (northern end)) |
| south end | 52°56′01″N 4°09′15″W / 52.9336°N 4.1543°W / 52.9336; -4.1543 |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Constituent country | Wales |
|  | |
| Road network | |
|  | |


title: Plantar fascial rupture

abstract: A plantar fascial rupture, is a painful tear in the plantar fascia. The plantar fascia is a connective tissue that spans across the bottom of the foot. The condition plantar fasciitis may increase the likelihood of rupture. A plantar fascial rupture may be mistaken for plantar fasciitis or even a calcaneal fracture. To allow for proper diagnosis, an MRI is often needed.

text:
# Plantar fascial rupture

A **plantar fascial rupture**, is a painful tear in the plantar fascia. The plantar fascia is a connective tissue that spans across the bottom of the foot. The condition plantar fasciitis may increase the likelihood of rupture. A plantar fascial rupture may be mistaken for plantar fasciitis or even a calcaneal fracture. To allow for proper diagnosis, an MRI is often needed.

## Causes

The risk for the development of plantar fascia tears can be increased by certain factors which could include:

1. Overweight
2. Non- Supportive footwear
3. Flat arched feet
4. High arched feet
5. A sudden increase in activity/Overuse
6. Hormone problems
7. Lack of flexibility of the calf, Achilles tendon and the plantar fascia.
8. Connective tissue disorders such as Rheumatoid arthritis.

## Types

### Complete

Complete tears of the plantar fascia are often due to sudden trauma or injury. Often, the rupture will be accompanied by a popping sound and painful snapping sensation. The bottom of the foot often bruises and swells. Former NFL athlete Peyton Manning suffered a complete rupture in 2015.

The surgical procedure known as a plantar fascia release actually involves the purposeful infliction of a complete tear of the plantar fascia. This is intended to relieve plantar fasciitis symptoms when the tissue recovers by building more tissue, elongating the previously tight plantar fascia.

### Partial

Partial tears are seemingly even less common than complete tears. They are more likely to arise from overuse from activities like daily running. The bottom of the foot may be swollen or bruised.

## Treatment

Full recovery from both complete and partial tears typically takes 12 weeks or more. However, activities may gradually resume after 6–8 weeks when the plantar fascia will be mostly recovered. Surgery is typically a last resort. At home, it might be advisable to follow the RICE method to reduce inflammation and ease pain.

### Immobilization

For the first 2–4 weeks after diagnosis, patients are often instructed to use a walking boot to immobilize and protect the foot.

### Physical therapy

During the immobilization period, it is important to keep the foot flexible by lightly stretching the foot and calf regularly.

As the plantar fascia recovers, physical therapy exercises help stabilize the ankle and correct gait patterns that may have contributed to the tear. Stretching and strengthening exercises decrease the chance of reinjury.

### Other treatments

Platelet-Rich Plasma injections may be used to help accelerate recovery and decrease the chance of reinjury.

Cortisone injections may ease pain.

## InfoBox

| Plantar fascial rupture | |
| --- | --- |
| Other names | **Plantar fascial tear** |
|  | |
| Dissection of the plantar aponeurosis:<br>LP, lateral part; CP, central part; MP, medial part; L, length; W, width. | |


title: William Shaw (footballer)

abstract: William Shaw was an English professional footballer who played as a forward. He scored 21 goals in 39 appearances in the Football League playing for Southend United in the 1925–1926 season.

text:
# William Shaw (footballer)

**William Shaw** (born 3 October 1897) was an English professional footballer who played as a forward. He scored 21 goals in 39 appearances in the Football League playing for Southend United in the 1925–1926 season.

## Playing career

Shaw was born in Swinton, and began his football career with Frickley Colliery, before turning professional with Bradford City in 1921. He spent two seasons with Bradford before moving to Chesterfield in 1923 where he only made two first team appearances. Before the 1924–25 season he moved again, joining Scunthorpe United for one season. In 1925 he moved to Southend United, netting 18 league goals and 21 in total for the season but moved again at the end of the season to Gainsborough Trinity where he scored 70 league goals in one season, setting a Midland League record. In 1928 he moved yet again, to Cardiff City, but returned to Gainsborough in the same season.

## InfoBox

William Shaw
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | 3 October 1897 | | |
| Place of birth | Swinton, England | | |
| Height | 5 ft 10+12 in (1.79 m) | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 0000–1921 | Frickley Colliery |  |  |
| 1921–1923 | Bradford City | 15 | (4) |
| 1923–1924 | Chesterfield | 2 | (?) |
| 1924–1925 | Scunthorpe United |  |  |
| 1925–1926 | Southend United | 39 | (21) |
| 1926–1928 | Gainsborough Trinity |  |  |
| 1928–1928 | Cardiff City |  |  |
| 1928–19?? | Gainsborough Trinity |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Re Bird Precision Bellows Ltd

abstract: Re Bird Precision Bellows Ltd [1984] Ch 658 is a UK company law and UK insolvency law case concerning unfair prejudice.

text:
# Re Bird Precision Bellows Ltd

***Re Bird Precision Bellows Ltd*** \[1984\] Ch 658 is a UK company law and UK insolvency law case concerning unfair prejudice.

## Facts

The majority was ordered to buy the 26% minority in a quasi-partnership under the old Companies Act 1980 section 75, now Companies Act 2006 section 996. There was then a dispute as to the basis on which the court should fix the price, and in particular whether there should be any discount to reflect the fact that the petitioners only had a minority holding.

Nourse J held that the price should be determined on a pro rata basis, without any discount.

## Judgment

The Court of Appeal upheld Nourse J and although this was on the basis that this was a proper exercise of the judge’s discretion, Oliver LJ (at p. 674B–C; 99,475) made it clear that he would not himself have come to any other conclusion. Generally there is no discount for the fact that one is a minority shareholder. But the exception is where shareholders acquired their shares as an investment (so they probably would have paid less for a minority stake anyway).

> It seems to me that the whole framework of the section… is to confer on the court a very wide discretion to do what is considered fair and equitable in all the circumstances of the case…

*

## InfoBox

| Re Bird Precision Bellows Ltd | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Court | Court of Appeal |
| Citation | \[1984\] Ch 658 |
| Case opinions | |
| Oliver LJ | |
| Keywords | |
| Unfair prejudice | |


title: Nordic Medical Prize

abstract: The Nordic Medical Prize is a Swedish prize in medicine awarded by the SalusAnsvar/Ulf Nilsonnes Foundation for Medical Research in cooperation with the insurance company Folksam. It is the second largest medical award in the Nordic countries, after the Nobel Prize in Medicine, and includes a monetary prize of one million Swedish kronor. The prize has been awarded since 1998.

text:
# Nordic Medical Prize

The **Nordic Medical Prize** (Swedish *Nordiska medicinpriset*) is a Swedish prize in medicine awarded by the SalusAnsvar/Ulf Nilsonnes Foundation for Medical Research in cooperation with the insurance company Folksam. It is the second largest medical award in the Nordic countries, after the Nobel Prize in Medicine, and includes a monetary prize of one million Swedish kronor. The prize has been awarded since 1998.

## Recipients

1. "Nordic Medical Prize to Sweden and Finland — NordForsk". *www.nordforsk.org*.
2. "Om oss". *Folksam*.
3. Forskning om depression och ångest belönas med Nordiska medicinpriset - i samarbete med Folksam, SalusAnsvarstiftelsen, 2014-10-21
4. Halvor Lea, Lars Engebretsen og Roald Bahr tildelt Den Nordiske Medisinprisen 2015, Olympiatoppen, 2015-11-02


title: Osmidus

abstract: Osmidus guttatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, the only species in the genus Osmidus.

text:
# Osmidus

***Osmidus guttatus*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, the only species in the genus ***Osmidus***.

## InfoBox

| *Osmidus guttatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Osmidus*** |
| Species: | ***O. guttatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Osmidus guttatus***<br>LeConte, 1873 | |
|


title: Government Island (Oregon)

abstract:
Government Island is a 1,760-acre (710 ha) island in the Columbia River north of Portland, in Multnomah County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. Though Interstate 205 passes over it on the Glenn L. Jackson Memorial Bridge, access to the island is only by boat. There is a city controlled locked gate in the fence surrounding the freeway. The Government Island State Recreation Area includes 15 miles of shoreline, with two docks on the northern side of the island. The interior of the island is accessible only by permit and contains protected natural areas, such as Jewit Lake. Camping is permitted below the vegetation line around the perimeter of the island. Picnic tables and restrooms can be found in these areas as well. Government Island is home to a variety of animals, notably a great blue heron colony that has been on the island for at least a decade. Many threatened or endangered wildlife species live on the island, including red-legged frog, pileated woodpecker, little willow flycatcher, olive-sided flycatcher, western meadowlark, horned grebe, red-necked grebe, bufflehead, purple martin, and possibly the endangered Columbian white-tailed deer. Government Island's first documented non-indigenous visitors were British explorer William Robert Broughton in 1792 and American explorers Lewis and Clark in 1805. The island acquired its current name after being appropriated by the U.S. military in 1850 to grow hay. An old barn and other structures can be found on the interior of the island from when it was privately owned and settled by a small number of families. Most of the island is owned by the Port of Portland. The Port acquired the entire island, along with the adjacent Lemon Island and McGuire Island, in 1969 in order to expand nearby Portland International Airport; a competing plan from the Multnomah County Board of Commissioners proposed using the island for recreational uses instead of airport expansion. Though those plans have been abandoned, the Port continues to control the land to prevent any uses incompatible with its location under the airport's primary flight path. In 1999 the Port sold 224 acres (91 ha) of the island to Metro, a regional government agency, and leased the remainder to the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department for 99 years.
In July 2014, three people were stabbed on Lemon Island during a party of several hundred people that was hosted there without a permit from Oregon Parks & Recreation.

text:
# Government Island (Oregon)

**Government Island** is a 1,760-acre (710 ha) island in the Columbia River north of Portland, in Multnomah County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. Though Interstate 205 passes over it on the Glenn L. Jackson Memorial Bridge, access to the island is only by boat. There is a city controlled locked gate in the fence surrounding the freeway.

The Government Island State Recreation Area includes 15 miles of shoreline, with two docks on the northern side of the island. The interior of the island is accessible only by permit and contains protected natural areas, such as Jewit Lake. Camping is permitted below the vegetation line around the perimeter of the island. Picnic tables and restrooms can be found in these areas as well.

Government Island is home to a variety of animals, notably a great blue heron colony that has been on the island for at least a decade. Many threatened or endangered wildlife species live on the island, including red-legged frog, pileated woodpecker, little willow flycatcher, olive-sided flycatcher, western meadowlark, horned grebe, red-necked grebe, bufflehead, purple martin, and possibly the endangered Columbian white-tailed deer.

Government Island's first documented non-indigenous visitors were British explorer William Robert Broughton in 1792 and American explorers Lewis and Clark in 1805. The island acquired its current name after being appropriated by the U.S. military in 1850 to grow hay. An old barn and other structures can be found on the interior of the island from when it was privately owned and settled by a small number of families.

Most of the island is owned by the Port of Portland. The Port acquired the entire island, along with the adjacent **Lemon Island** (45°35′33″N 122°34′00″W / 45.5926183°N 122.5667612°W / 45.5926183; -122.5667612) and **McGuire Island** (45°33′49″N 122°27′54″W / 45.5637302°N 122.4650921°W / 45.5637302; -122.4650921), in 1969 in order to expand nearby Portland International Airport; a competing plan from the Multnomah County Board of Commissioners proposed using the island for recreational uses instead of airport expansion. Though those plans have been abandoned, the Port continues to control the land to prevent any uses incompatible with its location under the airport's primary flight path. In 1999 the Port sold 224 acres (91 ha) of the island to Metro, a regional government agency, and leased the remainder to the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department for 99 years. In July 2014, three people were stabbed on Lemon Island during a party of several hundred people that was hosted there without a permit from Oregon Parks & Recreation.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

Government Island
| The Glenn Jackson Bridge (on I-205)<br>crossing over Government Island | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Columbia River |
| Coordinates | 45°34′30″N 122°30′29″W / 45.575°N 122.508°W / 45.575; -122.508 |
| Administration | |
| **United States** | |


title: Gobius leucomelas

abstract: Gobius leucomelas is a species of goby native to the western Indian Ocean where it is only known from off of the coasts of Eritrea.

text:
# Gobius leucomelas

***Gobius leucomelas*** is a species of goby native to the western Indian Ocean where it is only known from off of the coasts of Eritrea.

## InfoBox

| *Gobius leucomelas* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Gobiiformes |
| Family: | Gobiidae |
| Genus: | *Gobius* |
| Species: | ***G. leucomelas*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Gobius leucomelas***<br>W. K. H. Peters, 1868 | |
|


title: A536 road

abstract: The A536 road links the Cheshire towns of Congleton and Macclesfield.

text:
# A536 road

The **A536** road links the Cheshire towns of Congleton and Macclesfield.

## Route

Starting at the junction with the A34 in Lower Heath, Congleton, the road travels through the villages of Eaton and Gawsworth before entering Macclesfield. Once into Macclesfield, it take a right turn at the traffic lights by the Flower Pot public house, becoming Park Lane.

Passing the Learning Zone (Macclesfield College and The Macclesfield Academy) it travels to the end of Park Lane, veering right at a roundabout to become Park Street. After a short distance, the road turns right at the Park Green traffic lights and runs a short distance to join the A523 Mill Lane / The Silk Road at a T junction controlled by traffic lights.

The Congleton Link Road, which was completed in 2021, continues the A536 from just south of Eaton to join the A534 Sandbach Road, bypassing Congleton to the north.

## History

Between Eaton and Gawsworth, there are three places in the space of 4 miles now signposted as lay-bys which used to be the original course of the A536 but which have been left in place as stopping areas following straightening of the road.

Closer to Gawsworth, the road used to pass immediately in front of the Harrington Arms public house and then take a right angle turn around the pub. This original route can be seen when examining Cheshire Tithe Maps.

## InfoBox

| A536 | |
| --- | --- |
| Milestone on the junction of the A537 and Havannah Lane | |
| Route information | |
| Length | 7.4 mi (11.9 km) |
| Major junctions | |
| North end | Macclesfield |
| Major intersections | A523
A538
A34 |
| South end | Congleton |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United Kingdom |
|  | |
| Road network | |
|  | |


title: Platform Records

abstract: Platform Records is a UK-based independent record label, created in Edinburgh in 2007. Initial artists included The Shermans who scored two UK Independent Chart top 30 singles with "Calling It Wrong", and "Venom" which also reached number 7 in Scotland. Other notable Platform acts have included Dead Sea Souls, The OK Social Club, Lloyd James Fay and Susan Fassbender & Kay Russell whose album Twilight Café included the original demo of their top 30 single "Twilight Cafe". Natasha England relaunched her career via Platform Records in 2007 with the first digital release of her 1982 top 10 single "Iko Iko" and 42-track anthology Back From The Mists of Time. In later years the business concentrated mainly on sync licensing to various media, including games and TV shows, with their biggest placement to date in the 2014 Warner Bros. film Un Boss in Salotto. Several Platform releases were synced to trailers of the 2017 Steam distributed game Die Young, including Frederic Andre's "Where Is She Now", The Ultra's "Universe In Two" and Australian duo Gypsy & The Cat's song "Fire" licensed to the official soundtrack album. In 2020, "The Late 90's" by Edinburgh artist Ella's Brother was licensed for use as the opening theme music to BBC One football magazine series A View from the Terrace. On 16 August 2021, Platform release "Starting Over" by Lonely Lost Boy reached number 10 on the ITunes Store Singer-songwriter daily chart. Sub labels include Whimsical Records, N.E Records, Crystal Seven Records and The Music Elevator.

text:
# Platform Records

**Platform Records** is a UK-based independent record label, created in Edinburgh in 2007.

Initial artists included The Shermans who scored two UK Independent Chart top 30 singles with "Calling It Wrong" (peaking at number 23), and "Venom" (peaking at number 10) which also reached number 7 in Scotland.

Other notable Platform acts have included Dead Sea Souls, The OK Social Club, Lloyd James Fay and Susan Fassbender & Kay Russell whose album *Twilight Café (The Demo Collection 1981–1985)* included the original demo of their top 30 single "Twilight Cafe".

Natasha England relaunched her career via Platform Records in 2007 with the first digital release of her 1982 top 10 single "Iko Iko" and 42-track anthology *Back From The Mists of Time*.

In later years the business concentrated mainly on sync licensing to various media, including games and TV shows, with their biggest placement to date in the 2014 Warner Bros. film *Un Boss in Salotto* (*A Boss in the Living Room*).

Several Platform releases were synced to trailers of the 2017 Steam distributed game *Die Young*, including Frederic Andre's "Where Is She Now", The Ultra's "Universe In Two" and Australian duo Gypsy & The Cat's song "Fire" licensed to the official soundtrack album.

In 2020, "The Late 90's" by Edinburgh artist Ella's Brother was licensed for use as the opening theme music to BBC One football magazine series *A View from the Terrace*.

On 16 August 2021, Platform release "Starting Over" by Lonely Lost Boy reached number 10 on the ITunes Store Singer-songwriter daily chart.

Sub labels include Whimsical Records, N.E Records, Crystal Seven Records and The Music Elevator.

## Roster

### Platform records

Selected roster (including on sub labels) past and present:

* The Shermans
* Natasha England
* Susan Fassbender & Kay Russell
* Jack Butler
* Emporium
* The OK Social Club
* Dead Sea Souls
* The Encierro
* Lloyd James Fay
* The Ultra
* Frederic Andre
* George Diaz
* Ella's Brother
* Lonely Lost Boy
* The McKenzie FIX

## InfoBox

| Platform Records | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 2007 |
| Founder | Ewan McKenzie |
| Distributor(s) | Shellshock/Pinnacle/AWAL/EmuBands |
| Genre | Indie rock, indie pop, pop rock , electronic music |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
| Location | London, England |
| Official website | http://www.platformrecords.co.uk |


title: Ray Bryant Trio (1956 album)

abstract: Ray Bryant Trio is an album by pianist Ray Bryant recorded in 1956 for the Epic label.

text:
# Ray Bryant Trio (1956 album)

***Ray Bryant Trio*** is an album by pianist Ray Bryant recorded in 1956 for the Epic label.

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Allmusic* |  |

## Track listing

*All compositions by Ray Bryant, except where indicated.*

1. "Cubano Chant" – 3:06
2. "Off Shore" (Leo Diamond, Steve Graham) – 3:56
3. "Well, You Needn't" (Thelonious Monk) – 3:19
4. "Cry Me a River" (Arthur Hamilton) – 3:51
5. "In a Mellow Tone" (Duke Ellington) – 4:22
6. "You're My Thrill" (Burton Lane, Ned Washington) – 4:23
7. "Night in Tunisia" (Dizzy Gillespie, Felix Paparelli) – 2:41
8. "Goodbye" (Gordon Jenkins) – 3:58
9. "Philadelphia Bound" – 2:35
10. "Pawn Ticket" – 2:49
11. "The Breeze and I" (Ernesto Lecuona, Al Stillman) – 3:28
12. "It's a Pity to Say Goodnight" (Billy Reid) – 2:24

* Recorded in NYC on April 3, 1956 (tracks 2, 4, 8 & 9), May 3, 1956 (tracks 1, 5–7 & 11), and May 11, 1956 (tracks 3, 10 & 12)

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Ray Bryant Trio | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Ray Bryant | |
| Released | 1956 |
| Recorded | April 3 and May 3 & 11, 1956 |
| Studio | New York City |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 34:56 |
| Label | Epic
LN 3279 |
| Ray Bryant chronology | |
| *Meet Betty Carter and Ray Bryant*
(1955) ***Ray Bryant Trio***
(1956) *Ray Bryant Trio*
(1957) | |


title: William Vaughan (philanthropist)

abstract: William Vaughan was an English landowner, farmer and philanthropist who lived in the mid-16th century in the Dartford and Erith area of north-west Kent. He was one of the yeoman to King Henry VIII and Queen Elizabeth I, but is remembered today mainly for his role in the founding of Dartford Grammar School.

text:
# William Vaughan (philanthropist)

**William Vaughan** (died c. May 1580) was an English landowner, farmer and philanthropist who lived in the mid-16th century in the Dartford and Erith area of north-west Kent. He was one of the yeoman to King Henry VIII and Queen Elizabeth I, but is remembered today mainly for his role in the founding of Dartford Grammar School.

## Family connections

Nothing seems to be known about his parentage or early years, although he had a cousin, James Vaughan who lived in Swanscombe. In his will William Vaughan left bequests to the poor of the parishes of Dartford (40/-); Stone (13/4d) and Erith (20/-); this may indicate his principal area of interest although he also held land at Tonbridge.

There seems to be no evidence of Vaughan's connection to Dartford before 1536. At that time he was said to be one of King Henry VIII's gentlemen of the wardrobe when he obtained a grant of the manor of Bignors. This manor, also known as Portbridge, had long been an asset of the Sisters of the Order of St. Augustine in the Dominican nunnery at Dartford having been given to the king by John de Bikenore of Clavering in about 1366. As the dissolution of the nunnery loomed, the sisters in 1534 leased to George Tusser of Dartford the manor with their two water-mills called the Wheat Mill and the Malt Mill. Vaughan obtained the lease of the manor (and the mills) in 1536 and had his last renewal of it between 17 November 1569 and 16 November 1570. After Vaughan's death, the lease of these mills passed to John Spilman, an early manufacturer of paper. From the details of Spilman's mill, one of the mills operated by Vaughan can be placed upstream from Dartford on the River Darenth where it meets Powdermill Lane.

In 1545 a muster of potential fighting men in Dartford included Vaughan as an able man and an archer in the company led by John Byer (or Beere), a distant relative by marriage and also a prominent local philanthropist. In 1572 he paid rent of 2/4d (Two shillings and fourpence) to the Manor of Erith.

## Marriages

Vaughan was married at least twice. His first known wife, Joan, was buried at Dartford on 9 September 1569. Vaughan remarried on 16 August 1571 at St Dionis Backchurch, London, to Alice Lane, formerly Wallis. It appears that Vaughan knew both her previous husbands. Alice died in 1581 and may have been buried at Erith as no record of her burial is found in the Dartford parish registers.

Vaughan had at least two children, both apparently by his first wife, Joan. A son, Charles, was born probably no later than 1544. Charles was buried at Dartford on 26 January 1570/71 Vaughan's second child, Elizabeth was born in about 1541; she married William D'Aeth (1527–1590; name also spelt 'Death'), a lawyer of Staple Inn, London, and was buried at Dartford on 13 April 1582.

## Philanthropy

On 20 September 1569, only a couple of weeks after the burial of his wife Joan, Vaughan executed a deed giving a newly erected house and its garden on the south side of Dartford High Street for the use of the poor in Dartford. The original deed was still at the church in 1829 but had been lost by 1933. This house was rebuilt in 1769; the garden was sold in 1871 and the house sold in 1919 for £1450. At the time of this deed Vaughan was a yeoman of the chamber to the Queen.

On 24 March 1576 Vaughan together with his son-in-law William D'Aeth and Edward Gwynn of London executed a deed conveying a house and garden on the High Street of Dartford to trustees, with the purpose of using the rent from the house to pay a master for the Grammar School. The original deed was lost between 1723 and 1829, but its substance was re-iterated in a deed of 11 January 1660. The 1576 deed is generally taken as the date of establishment of the Grammar School. Unlike deeds establishing other grammar schools at about this time, there was no provision for school premises. This appears to have been because a room above the Market House was used as a school room.

Vaughan died in 1580 and was buried at Dartford on 8 May that year. His will included the following bequests:-

"to the moste poorest people of Darteford aforeseyd clothe to the valewe of 40s to make theym cotes." "to the pore and needy people of Stone nere Dartford 13s 4d" "unto the poore people of Erythe 20s"

Apart from a substantial bequest of livestock to his granddaughter Johane Vaughan (daughter of his deceased son Charles) most of his assets passed to the family of his daughter, Elizabeth. A complicated arrangement compensates his second wife, Alice, for the sale of some land during their marriage that would otherwise have formed part of her dower. He mentions a sister who has not been identified “…my Syster Dethegye 40s, (yf she be lyvyng at the tyme of my decease) and to Wyllyam and Luce her chyldren to every of theym 20s. “ and his cousin "unto my cosyn James Vaughan of Swannescombe 40s". There were small bequests to several friends, a servant and "my cosyn Thomas Edwardes my best saten doublet".

The name of William Vaughan is still remembered in Dartford today in the name of one of the houses at the Grammar School.

## Footnotes

## References.

*Primary Sources*

Will of William Vaughan of Erith, dated 4 May 1580; proved at Rochester C.C. 1580; 16.87 .13

Will of Alice Vaughan of Erith, dated September 1580; Rochester C.C. 1581–2; 16.169

Will of Charles Vaughan of Dartford dated January 1570–1, proved at Rochester C.C. 1570–1; 14.6 9

Will of William Vaughan of Dartford dated 2 February 1606–7, proved at P.C. of Canterbury 1607; Huddlestone15

Will of Thomas Wallis of Erith, dated 26 March 1561, proved at P.C. of Canterbury 1561; Loftes 33

Will of Richard Lane of Erith, dated 17 February 1565, proved at P.C. of Canterbury 1567; Stonarde 12

Parish Registers of Dartford, available online at the Medway CityArk site

Erith Manor Court Rolls (1572) "An abstract of the Rentall there renewed the xviith daye of October in the xiiiith yere of the raign of our Soveraigne ladie Queene Elizabeth", single membrane held at Bexley Local Studies Library, Bexleyheath Kent. (Ref. no. to be added).

*Other References*

* Dunkin, J.(1844) The History and Antiquities of Dartford with topographical notices of the neighbourhood, London, John Russell Smith. (Reprinted 1904 by J. & W. Davis, Dartford).
* Hasted, E(1798) The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent: Volume 2, (Reprinted 1972, Wakefield, EP Publishing Ltd/Kent County library).
* Hudson, R.L. & Patterson, D. (1997) History – Dartford Grammar School, West Malling, County Print.
* Keyes, S.K.(1933) Dartford, some historical notes, Dartford, author published.
* Keyes, S.K.(1938) Dartford, further historical notes, Dartford, author published
* Landale, J. (1829) A collection and abstract of all the material, deeds, wills, leases, and legal documents relating to the several donations and benefactions to the Church and poor of the Parish of Dartford in Kent and of the 'Spittal Alms-houses etc., etc., London, John Hearne.
* Page, W. (ed.) (1926) "Friaries: The Dominican nuns of Dartford", The Victoria County History of Kent Vol. 2, London, Victoria County History.


title: Re Barleycorn Enterprises Ltd

abstract: Re Barleycorn Enterprises Ltd [1970] Ch 465 is a UK insolvency law case, concerning the priority of creditors in a company winding up. It was held that fees for liquidation came in priority to preferential claims and floating charges. This was overturned by the House of Lords in Buchler v Talbot, but reinstated by Parliament through an amendment to the Insolvency Act 1986 s 176ZA.

text:
# Re Barleycorn Enterprises Ltd

***Re Barleycorn Enterprises Ltd*** \[1970\] Ch 465 is a UK insolvency law case, concerning the priority of creditors in a company winding up. It was held that fees for liquidation came in priority to preferential claims and floating charges. This was overturned by the House of Lords in *Buchler v Talbot*, but reinstated by Parliament through an amendment to the Insolvency Act 1986 s 176ZA.

## Facts

Barleycorn Enterprises Ltd had been put into compulsory winding up. The directors had employed Cardiff based chartered accountants, Mathias and Davies, to prepare a financial statement for the company. Their fee was £202 10s, and were approved by the official receiver.

However, the company liquidator argued that the accountants should only be paid after preferential creditors and debenture holders. In this case, there was no money left. The judge at first instance, Sir Owen Temple Morris QC, held that the accountants had priority. The liquidator appealed.

## Judgment

The Court of Appeal held that the accountants' fees fell under the expenses of liquidation. Tom Denning, Baron Denning gave the first judgment.

> The Companies Acts contain provisions regulating the order of payment out of the "assets" of the company. The question is: What does the word "assets" mean in this context? Especially when there is a floating charge.
>
> Two of the material sections go back to the Companies Act 1862, but I will read them as they stand, re-enacted in the Act of 1948 in the same words as in 1862.
>
> Section 267 applies in a compulsory winding up:
>
> > "The court may, in the event of the assets being insufficient to satisfy the liabilities, make an order as to the payment out of the assets of the costs, charges and expenses incurred in the winding up in such order of priority as the court thinks just."
>
> Section 309 applies in a voluntary winding up:
>
> > "All costs, charges and expenses properly incurred in the winding up, including the remuneration of the liquidator, shall be payable out of the assets of the company in priority to all other claims."
>
> The word "assets" in these sections in 1862 was used as meaning only those free assets which were not the subject of a floating charge. In those days it was held that, when there was a debenture which gave the creditor a floating charge over the property of the company, then, as soon as the charge crystallised on a winding up, the property did not belong to the company but to the debenture holder. It was, therefore, not included in the "assets" of the company and was not available for any of the general costs of the winding up. If the floating charge covered all the property, the debenture holder took it all, subject only to the costs of realising it, e.g., the auctioneer's charges: see *In re Marine Mansions Co* (1867) LR 4 Eq. 601; *In re Oriental Hotels Co* (1871) LR 12 Eq 126, 133; and *In re Regent's Canal Ironworks Co* (1875) 3 Ch D 411, 427, per James LJ.
>
> In 1888 and 1897 Parliament began to use the word "assets" in a different sense. It used the word "assets" so as to include not only the free assets, but also all those assets which were subject to a floating charge. It used the word in this new sense in the statute which created, for the first time, "preferential payments." These were rates, taxes and wages. They took priority over a floating charge. This was done by section 1 of the Preferential Payments in Bankruptcy Act 1888 (51 & 52 Vict. c. 62), as amended by section 2 of the Preferential Payments in Bankruptcy Amendment Act 1897. The sections of the Acts of 1888 and 1897 were re-enacted in the Companies (Consolidation) Acts of 1908, 1929 and 1948. I will read them as they now appear in the Act of 1948 and emphasise the significant words:
>
> Section 319 (1) to (4):
>
> > "In a winding up there shall be paid, in priority to all other debts - " rates, taxes, wages and so forth.
> >
> > "(5) The foregoing debts shall - (a) rank equally among themselves and be paid in full, unless the assets are insufficient to meet them, in which case they shall abate in equal proportions; and (b) in the case of a company registered in England, \[or Scotland\], so far as the assets of the company available for payment of general creditors are insufficient to meet them, have priority over the claims of holders of debentures under any floating charge created by the company, and be paid accordingly out of any property comprised in or subject to that charge; (6) Subject to the retention of such sums as may be necessary for the costs and expenses of the winding up, the foregoing debts shall be discharged forthwith so far as the assets are sufficient to meet them. ..."
>
> Those sections show quite clearly that since 1897 a debenture holder, who holds a floating charge, can no longer sweep up all the company's property for his own benefit. Before he takes any of it, there have to be paid:
>
> (i) "such sums as may be necessary for the costs and expenses of the winding up": see section 319 (6).
>
> (ii) the preferential claims for rates, taxes, wages, and so forth. They are the "foregoing debts" which are given priority over the floating charge: see section 319 (5) (b).
>
> The sections also show that the legislature is using the word "assets" in a different sense from what it did before 1897. When there is a floating charge, the legislature no longer regards the property as belonging wholly to the debenture holder. The property which is subject to the charge forms part of the "assets" of the company which are to be applied first, in payment of the costs and expenses of the winding up, second, in payment of the preferential claims, and only third in payment of the debenture holder.
>
> The word "assets" in sections 267 and 309, which go back to 1862, must, I think, be now interpreted in this new sense and not in the sense in which it was interpreted by the courts before 1897. So without changing the word, we have changed its meaning. It bears a different meaning now from what it did in 1862. This is unusual, but necessary in order to make sense of the legislation as a whole. Sections 267 and 309 now mean that, when there is a floating charge, the "assets" include all the property which is subject to the charge. The costs of the winding up take priority, therefore, over the floating charge.
>
> The word "assets" is used in this new sense in the rule which prescribes the order in which the costs of the winding up are to be borne. The rule goes back to 1902, but it is now rule 195 of the Companies (Winding-Up) Rules 1949. It says this:
>
> > "(1) The assets of a company in a winding up by the court ... shall ... be liable to the following payments, which shall be made in the following order of priority, namely:-
> >
> > "First . - The taxed costs of the petition ...;
> >
> > "Next . - The remuneration of the special manager (if any).
> >
> > "Next . - The costs and expenses of any person who makes or concurs in making, the company's statement of affairs. ..."
>
> That rule clearly gives the accountants here a high priority for their fees in the costs of winding up. As part of those costs, they take priority over the preferential payments for rates, taxes and wages, and over the debenture holder.
>
> This view is confirmed by the little book by Mr Topham on Company Law. He wrote it for students, but it is the best of its kind. He said in the 10th ed. (1938), at p. 280:
>
> > "Certain 'preferential payments' must be made before payment of other unsecured debts, and, where the security is only a floating charge secured by debentures, these preferential payments must be paid before the debenture holders, but not before the costs of liquidation."
>
> It is also confirmed by the statutory form which contains a note to the effect that the estimates for "unsecured creditors" are subject to the cost of winding up.
>
> We were referred to two cases which were said to be to the contrary, namely, *Westminster Corporation and United Travellers Club v Chapman* \[1916\] 1 Ch. 161; and *In re Glyncorrwg Colliery Co Ltd* \[1926\] Ch 951 . But the point did not arise for decision in those cases. We have also been referred to some text-books which contained statements to the contrary. I dismiss these as erroneous. I think the order of payment in this winding up is:
>
> * First: the costs of the winding up.
> * Second: the preferential payments.
> * Third: the debenture holder under the floating charge.
> * Fourth: the unsecured creditors.
>
> The fees of these chartered accountants form part of the costs of the winding up. They were approved by the official receiver. They come first and must be paid. I think the county court judge was right in ordering them to be paid. I would dismiss this appeal.

Sachs LJ concurred.

> The decision of this court in the present case will, I appreciate, have relatively far-reaching effects and will end a situation in which liquidators have in the past successfully taken a point which can be wholly destitute of merits, as was indeed conceded in the instant case, and one which can enure to the detriment of the public interest when there is a winding up order of the court. None the less, being in full agreement with all that has fallen from my Lord, the Master of the Rolls, in his judgment, I feel it only necessary to add but little.
>
> I would in the first place like to add my tribute to the assistance that has been received from the submissions of counsel. In the end I was convinced by the admirable argument so lucidly expounded by Mr. Pill that there has been no full appreciation, either in any previous judgment or in the standard textbooks normally cited to this court, of the effect of the provisions of sections 2 and 3 of the Preferential Payments in Bankruptcy Amendment Act 1897 (now reproduced in section 319 (5) (b) and section 94 of the Companies Act 1948) when read in conjunction with section 1 (2) and (3) of the Preferential Payments in Bankruptcy Act, 1888 (now reproduced in section 319 (5) (a) and (6) respectively of the Act of 1948). The result of superimposing the Act of 1897 on the Act of 1888 was to make a serious inroad into the rights of debenture holders as previously held to exist by a series of authorities based on a line of reasoning favouring thee holders. That line is perhaps best illustrated in the judgments of Jessel MR and James L in *In re David Lloyd & Co* (1877) 6 ChD 339, 343, 345 which make plain that in those days judgments on points such as those in issue before this court today were given upon the basis that when a winding-up order took effect the assets of the company changed to being assets of the debenture holders and could not be touched.
>
> When that line of reasoning continued to be followed in judicial decisions after the Act of 1888 and looked like frustrating to some degree the effect of that Act, the legislature stepped in and passed the Act of 1897. The combined effect of the two Acts produces changes greater than appear to have been noticed in the text-books or otherwise despite the clear indication given by footnote 2 to form 22 (Statement of Affairs) reproduced in Buckley on the Companies Acts, 13th ed. (1957), p. 1101.
>
> One practical effect of the changes is that instructions given to accountants to compile a statement of affairs when once sanctioned (rule 56 ) by an official receiver, an officer of the court, cannot, as was here attempted, in future be disowned by the liquidator nor can the burden of compiling such a statement necessarily be transferred to public funds in the event of the directors failing to provide one.
>
> On the basis of those changes as explained by my Lord's judgment, I too would dismiss this appeal.

Phillimore LJ agreed.

> I entirely agree, and if I add a very few words, it is in deference to the excellent arguments addressed to us on both sides. Mr. Wootton's submission at the conclusion of his argument was that if there were free assets, that is to say, assets not covered by some floating charge or debenture, then the proper order for payment would be: first, the costs of the winding up; secondly, the preferential debts; and, thirdly, the floating charge. On the other hand if there were no free assets and everything was covered by the floating charge, then the order would be: first, the preferential debts; secondly, the floating charge; and, thirdly, the costs of the winding up - which in practice would mean that whoever did the winding up would not get anything unless he had made some prior bargain. I find it very difficult to defend the logic which would make the order of priority as between costs and preferential debts dependent upon whether or not there was a floating charge. It seems to me that if one compares the words of the various sections, it is quite clear that, at all events, in the Act of 1948 - and that is the Act with which we are dealing - where the word "assets" occurs without qualification, or even the phrase "assets of the company," that must mean all the assets and not merely free assets, that is to say, assets free of any floating charge. It is only really possible to make sense of sections 94, 267, 309 and 319 on that basis. The point is emphasised when one looks at section 319 (5) (b), which is dealing with the position as between the preferred creditors and the debenture holders where there are no free assets to meet the claims of the preferential claimants; and it is provided that in the case of a company registered in England, so far as the "assets of the company available for payment of general creditors" - now, there is a phrase which clearly means free assets - "are insufficient to meet the foregoing debts, they have priority over claims of holders of debentures," and so on. So there it is manifest that where Parliament means to designate those assets which are free of the floating charge, it uses Special words to distinguish the position from that where the simple word "assets" is used, as in the other sections to which I have referred, and in section 319 (6) itself. As I see it, rule 195, which is the rule applying to this case, and form 2, which is provided for under the Companies (Winding-Up) Rules 1949, which are made by virtue of section 267 of the Act, must, where the word "assets" is used, mean the same as in the principal section from which they derived their birth. If that be right, it is perfectly clear that rule 195 requires that the assets of the company should be used to meet these costs in preference to the claims of either preferential creditors or debenture holders. For those reasons I entirely concur with my Lords that this appeal must be dismissed.

* 'Recent developments in the law and practice relating to the creation of security for companies' indebtedness' (2009) 30(6) Company Lawyer 163-168
* 'What liquidation does for secured creditors, and what it does for you' (2008) 71(5) MLR 699-733

## InfoBox

| Re Barleycorn Enterprises Ltd | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Court | Court of Appeal of England and Wales |
| Full case name | *Mathias and Davies (A Firm) v Down* |
| Decided | 24 February 1970 |
| Citation | \[1970\] Ch 465 |
| Court membership | |
| Judges sitting | Lord Denning MR, Sachs LJ, Phillimore LJ |
| Keywords | |
| Winding up, priority, expenses of liquidation | |


title: Waverley Girls' High School

abstract: Waverley Girls' High School is a public school for girls located in the suburb of Waverley in Johannesburg, South Africa.

text:
# Waverley Girls' High School

**Waverley Girls' High School** is a public school for girls located in the suburb of Waverley in Johannesburg, South Africa.

## History

### Early history

Plans for building the school started back in 1952, and the school was completed in 1953. It finally opened in 1955.

## Alumni

* Paula Slier, television, radio and print journalist, news editor, and war correspondent.

1. "Waverley Girls High School | Johannesburg | Girls Schools". *Schoolguide*. 11 November 2015. Retrieved 2020-04-17.
2. "WAVERLEY GIRLS' HIGH SCHOOL". *www.wghschool.co.za*. Retrieved 2020-04-17.
3. "Jewish women taking life by the horns". *South African Jewish Report*. Retrieved 2020-04-17.

## InfoBox

| Waverley Girls' High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
|  | |
| Athol Street
Waverley, Johannesburg, Gauteng
South Africa | |
| Coordinates | 26°8′25″S 28°4′48″E / 26.14028°S 28.08000°E / -26.14028; 28.08000 |
| Information | |
| Type | Public high school |
| Motto | *Quantum In Nobis* (Latin for *Within Us Is Great Potential*) |
| Established | 1951 |
| Headmaster | Mr M M Seopa (2014) |
| Grades | 8–12 |
| Gender | Female |
| Colour(s) | Blue and white/Red, grey and white |


title: Norby's Farm Fleet

abstract: Norbys Farm Fleet is a retail chain of farm supply stores. The stores sell hunting and fishing equipment, appliances, housewares, automotive goods, apparel, hardware, lawn and garden supplies, paint, pet supplies, sporting goods, and tools and a mix of products lines in animal health, livestock feed, workwear, fashion clothing, candy & snacks, and toys. The company headquarters is located in Dubuque, and warehouse located in Independence, Iowa. Stores are located in the Iowa cities of Manchester, Oelwein, Independence, Iowa, West Union, Elkader, Decorah, Waverly, Grundy Center, Sumner, Eldora and in Lebanon, Kentucky.

text:
# Norby's Farm Fleet

**Norbys Farm Fleet** is a retail chain of farm supply stores. The stores sell hunting and fishing equipment, appliances, housewares, automotive goods, apparel, hardware, lawn and garden supplies, paint, pet supplies, sporting goods, and tools and a mix of products lines in animal health, livestock feed, workwear, fashion clothing, candy & snacks, and toys.

The company headquarters is located in Dubuque, and warehouse located in Independence, Iowa. Stores are located in the Iowa cities of Manchester, Oelwein, Independence, Iowa, West Union, Elkader, Decorah, Waverly, Grundy Center, Sumner, Eldora and in Lebanon, Kentucky.

## History

Loren and Connie Norby started Norbys Farm Fleet in Manchester, Iowa in 1962. Since that time Norbys Farm Fleet has added 9 more stores to the following Northeast Iowa communities; Oelwein in 1966, Independence in 1968, West Union in 1970, Elkader in 1974, Decorah in 1987, Waverly in 1995, Grundy Center in 2003, Sumner in April 2005, Eldora in 2019 and in Lebanon, KY in December 2008 . Since this time Norbys built a new Manchester store. After the store was completed Connie Norby donated the previous Manchester store to Camp Courageous. The new Manchester location opened in the Winter of 2018. From 2018 into 2019 Norbys expanded the Oelwein location into a vacant building. The new Oelwein location opened early spring of 2019. Since this expansion Norbys added a brand new location in Eldora, Iowa. The Eldora location opened in early winter of 2019. The company is still a family business owned by the Norby family.

## InfoBox

Norbys Farm Fleet
| Company type | Family owned |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Retail |
| Founded | 1962 |
| Founders | Loren and Connie Norby |
| Headquarters | Dubuque, Iowa, USA |
| Number of locations | 12 (2023) |
| Products | Hunting and fishing equipment, appliances, houseware, automotive goods, apparel, hardware, lawn and garden supplies, paint, pet supplies, sporting goods, and tools. |
| Website | www.norbysfarmfleet.com |


title: Osmiini

abstract: Osmiini is a tribe of leafcutter, mason, and resin bees in the family Megachilidae. There are about 19 genera and at least 1,000 described species in Osmiini.

text:
# Osmiini

**Osmiini** is a tribe of leafcutter, mason, and resin bees in the family Megachilidae. There are about 19 genera and at least 1,000 described species in Osmiini.

## Genera

## Further reading

Media related to Osmiini at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Osmiini | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Ashmeadiella xenomastax* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Megachilidae |
| Subfamily: | Megachilinae |
| Tribe: | Osmiini |
|


title: Government J. Buana College

abstract: Government J. Buana College is a college in the town of Lunglei, Mizoram. It is accredited with a B Grade by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council. It has 582 students and 40 faculty members.

text:
# Government J. Buana College

**Government J. Buana College** is a college in the town of Lunglei, Mizoram. It is accredited with a B Grade by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council. It has 582 students and 40 faculty members.

## History

Government J. Buana College was established on 26 August, 1983. The college is named after J. Buana who was a Padma Shree awardee. He donated rupees two lakhs for its establishment and management. The college caters to the needs of the locality and the poorer section for higher education. The college was provincialized in 1976 by the Government of Mizoram. It is permanently affiliated to Mizoram University Vide Order No. MZU/CDC/32/2002 of 27 July 2006 and is 2f and 12b category under University Grants Commission (India).

## Location

Government J. Buana College is located in Lunglei which has a population of 77,482. Its present campus is 0.4 acres (1,309.6 sq m) in area and is located in the Bazarveng area of Lunglei. However, a new site with an area of 14,412.22 sq m has been acquired at Melte, Serkawn, Lunglei. Development of the new campus is currently at the planning and design phase.

## Courses

### Bachelor of Arts

The college offers nine undergraduate courses in Arts: Economics, Education, English, History, Mizo, Geography, Political Science and Public Administration.

### Bachelor of Commerce

Since 2019, the college also offers a Bachelor of Commerce degree course.

## Add-On Courses

### CCC

In collaboration with National Institute of Electronics & Information Technology (NIELIT), Government J. Buana College offers a Course on Computer Concepts (CCC). The college is equipped with a computer laboratory. The course is offered free of charge to all students of the college. The duration of the course is 80 hours (Theory: 32 hours & Practical Classes: 48 hours).

### Spoken Language Classes

Free spoken language classes in English and Hindi are offered to all students of the college.

## NAAC Accreditation

Government J. Buana College had its first and second National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) assessment in 2007 and 2015. The third cycle of NAAC assessment in 2021 gave a B grade with a CGPA of 2.27.

## Faculty

As of May 2023, there are 37 teachers. There are: 15 Associate Professors, and 22 Assistant Professors. There are also eight non-teaching staff.

## Students

There are 582 students currently enrolled in the undergraduate courses. Admission is done via both online and offline modes. Selection is based on merit in the last board examination. More than 97% belong to minority and Scheduled Tribe categories. The gender ratio of males to females is 0.94:1.

## Clubs & Cells

Students can enroll in the various clubs and cells of the college:

* Culture & Fine Arts Club
* Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat (EBSB) Club
* Eco Club
* Evangelical Union
* History Club
* Literary Club
* National Service Scheme (NSS)
* Red Ribbon Club
* Sports & Fitness Club
* Students' Union
* Youth Adventure Club
* YUVA Tourism Club

## Activities

Government J. Buana College organises a number of activities throughout the academic session. Orientation sessions for freshers are usually held on the first week of the students joining the college. A Freshers' Social is organised by the Students' Union to welcome the new students. The annual College Week, primarily held during the odd semester, is a week-long series of events where competitions are organised in different activities and sports. A Valedictory Day is also organised for the outgoing students of the college at the end of the academic year.

A number of activities are also organised by the different clubs, cells and committees of the college. Mass blood donation programmes are organised by the NSS usually in association with the Mizoram State AIDS Control Society (MSACS) and the Association for Voluntary Blood Donation (AVBD). The NSS also actively participate in community works and social services. It has adopted Mausen as its adopted village with the aim of promoting the social and educational development of the village. Field trips are organised on a regular basis to places that have historical, cultural and educational significances. The Youth Adventure Club of the college holds adventure camps for its members every year. The Career Counselling & Placement Cell and Capacity Building and Skill Enhancement Committee organise a number of workshops and programmes for the students.

## InfoBox

Government J. Buana College
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Motto | Diligence, Honesty, Service |
| Type | College |
| Established | 1983 (1983) |
| Principal | Lallianzuala |
| Location | Lunglei, Mizoram, 796701, India<br>22°53′40″N 92°44′55″E / 22.8944186°N 92.7485776°E / 22.8944186; 92.7485776 |
| Campus | Urban |
| Affiliations | Mizoram University |
| Website | www.jbc.edu.in |
| Location in India | |


title: Gobius senegambiensis

abstract: Gobius senegambiensis is a species of marine fish from the family Gobiidae, the true gobies. It is native to the Atlantic Ocean from Morocco to Angola as well as the islands in the Gulf of Guinea. It is found in inshore waters on sandy bottoms. This species can reach a length of 7.3 centimetres (2.9 in) SL. The species name senegambiensis refers to Senegambia, a historic region of West Africa.

text:
# Gobius senegambiensis

***Gobius senegambiensis*** is a species of marine fish from the family Gobiidae, the true gobies. It is native to the Atlantic Ocean from Morocco to Angola as well as the islands in the Gulf of Guinea. It is found in inshore waters on sandy bottoms. This species can reach a length of 7.3 centimetres (2.9 in) SL.

The species name *senegambiensis* refers to Senegambia, a historic region of West Africa.

## InfoBox

| *Gobius senegambiensis* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Gobiiformes |
| Family: | Gobiidae |
| Genus: | *Gobius* |
| Species: | ***G. senegambiensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Gobius senegambiensis***
Metzelaar, 1919 | |
|


title: Pladform

abstract: Pladform is a Russian digital distribution system for licensed video content. It has been a part of the unified company “Ruform” since 2016, which also includes video hosting Rutube.

text:
# Pladform

**Pladform** is a Russian digital distribution system for licensed video content. It has been a part of the unified company “Ruform” since 2016, which also includes video hosting Rutube.

## Company

The development of the system began in 2012 within the framework of the company “Pladform”. It was founded by Armen Gulinyan — in the past he was a co-founder of “Pirogov's Bureau” and an employee of the media holding “Yellow, Black and White”, which became the first investor of the new company. In July–August 2013, the company established a partnership with the reseller of “Gazprom-Media Digital” and launched a closed beta testing of the platform. Attempts to attract additional investment from companies of advertising market weren't unsuccessful, so the company was growing from main activities revenues.

In late 2013 the company was invested by the Russian localizer and publisher of online games Innova, and its founder Georgy Chumburidze invited another investor, Ivan Tavrin, to the “Pladform”. According to Gulinyan, at the beginning of 2015 the total investment in the project amounted to about 20 million rubles, and none of the company's co-owners held a controlling ownership interest, so the company's management remained in the hands of the CEO.

In 2015 “Yellow, Black and White” withdrew their capital from “Pladform”. In 2016 it became known about the merger of “Pladform” and the managing company of Russian video hosting Rutube, owned by “Gazprom-Media Holding”. In the merged company “Ruform” the holding got 33.3%, and 66.6% were divided between the owners of “Pladform”. Gulinyan was appointed the general director of the merged company. As a result of the merger, “Gazprom-Media Holding” got access to the content distribution network, and “Pladform” — to the licensed content of the channels included in the structure of “Gazprom-Media”. B2B solutions for rights holders and promotional tools continued to operate under the “Pladform” brand, and B2C platform kept the name Rutube. After the merger, Rutube increased its share of views in Runet from 15% to 40% and made it to the top of the app rankings in Google Play and AppStore.

## Model of work

Pladform acts as an intermediary between rights holders, advertisers and websites, providing storage of video on their own servers and broadcasting via their own media player with video advertising support. Right holders can upload their own content onto websites, which are connected to “Pladform”, and search for any content which was previously uploaded violating the copyright. From legal point of view such videos are being “cleared”. “Pladform” profits from promotional materials included in the video: 75% of the revenue from the advertising goes to the content owner, 25% is shared between the platform and the website that embeds the media player.

In 2015 “Pladform” had 5.95 billion views. By the beginning of 2016, “Pladform” worked with 130 Russian and foreign copyright holders, including “Yellow, Black and White”, “Alexander Maslyakov and Company” (AMiK), “Red Media”, “Gazgolder”, “Krasny Kvadrat” and CTV. The company's player was installed on almost 2.5 thousand websites, including video hosting sites, news and entertainment sites and social networks, including VKontakte, Odnoklassniki and My World@Mail.Ru (they provided about 40% of the views). It is also built into mobile applications and works in Smart TV systems. In the “Pladform” library there are about 1 million units of licensed content. In the summer of 2017 VKontakte opened a content exchange market focused on administrators of public pages of the social network and working on the basis of the combined catalog of “Pladform” and Rutube.

According to Digital Video IAB Russia, as of September 2017, “Pladform” was the second-largest player in the Russian online video market, second only to YouTube (21.5 million and 26.8 million people, respectively).

## Awards

## InfoBox

Pladform
| Company type | Private |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Entertainment |
| Founded | 2012 (2012) |
| Headquarters | Moscow, Russia |
| Area served | Russia |
| Products | streaming media, video on demand |
| Website | https://pladform.ru/ |


title: Mormon Pioneer Cemetery

abstract: The Mormon Pioneer Cemetery is located at 3300 State Street in present-day Florence at the north end of Omaha, Nebraska. The Cemetery is the burial site of hundreds of Mormon pioneers who lived in Winter Quarters, a temporary settlement that lasted from 1846 to 1848 as the settlers moved to Salt Lake City, Utah. It was designated a landmark by the City of Omaha in 1990. Records of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints indicate that 359 Mormon pioneers were buried at the site. Remnants of three of the graves are visible today, uncovered during the erection of a commemorative monument in 1936. The monument, a bronze statue by Salt Lake City artist Avard Fairbanks, depicts parents who have committed the body of an infant to the grave. The graves of a number of Florence residents are also located in the cemetery. The community of Florence began to use the cemetery several years after the departure of the Mormons and prior to the Mormons the area had been used as an Indian burial ground. With the exception of a commemorative marker in the nearby city park, the cemetery is the only visible reminder of the Mormon settlement.

text:
# Mormon Pioneer Cemetery

The **Mormon Pioneer Cemetery** is located at 3300 State Street in present-day Florence at the north end of Omaha, Nebraska. The Cemetery is the burial site of hundreds of Mormon pioneers who lived in Winter Quarters, a temporary settlement that lasted from 1846 to 1848 as the settlers moved to Salt Lake City, Utah. It was designated a landmark by the City of Omaha in 1990.

Records of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) indicate that 359 Mormon pioneers were buried at the site. Remnants of three of the graves are visible today, uncovered during the erection of a commemorative monument in 1936. The monument, a bronze statue by Salt Lake City artist Avard Fairbanks, depicts parents who have committed the body of an infant to the grave.

The graves of a number of Florence residents are also located in the cemetery. The community of Florence began to use the cemetery several years after the departure of the Mormons and prior to the Mormons the area had been used as an Indian burial ground.

With the exception of a commemorative marker in the nearby city park, the cemetery is the only visible reminder of the Mormon settlement.

## InfoBox

| Mormon Pioneer Cemetery | |
| --- | --- |
| The monument erected within the cemetery in 1936 | |
| Location | Omaha, Nebraska |
| Coordinates | 41°20′05″N 95°57′58″W / 41.33472°N 95.96611°W / 41.33472; -95.96611 |
| Built | 1846 |
|  | |
| Omaha Landmark | |
| Designated | October 30, 1990 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Mormon Pioneer Cemetery in NebraskaMormon Pioneer Cemetery (the United States) | |


abstract: Re Bristol South-East Parliamentary Election is a 1961 United Kingdom election court case brought about by an election petition by Malcolm St Clair against Anthony Wedgewood Benn, 2nd Viscount Stansgate, the winner of the 1961 Bristol South-East by-election where Benn had won the most votes but was disqualified from taking his seat in the House of Commons as he had inherited a hereditary peerage as 2nd Viscount Stansgate. Benn argued that as he had not applied for a writ of summons, he was not a member of the House of Lords and that the voters had the right to choose who they wanted to represent them. The court made a ruling of undue election because the voters were aware that Benn was legally disqualified from sitting in the House of Commons, their votes had to be counted as being "thrown away" and Malcolm St Clair as the runner-up would take the seat instead.

text:
# Re Bristol South-East Parliamentary Election

***Re Bristol South-East Parliamentary Election*** (\[1964\] 2 QB 257, \[1961\] 3 All ER 354) is a 1961 United Kingdom election court case brought about by an election petition by Malcolm St Clair against Anthony Wedgewood Benn, 2nd Viscount Stansgate (also known as Tony Benn), the winner of the 1961 Bristol South-East by-election where Benn had won the most votes but was disqualified from taking his seat in the House of Commons as he had inherited a hereditary peerage as 2nd Viscount Stansgate. Benn argued that as he had not applied for a writ of summons, he was not a member of the House of Lords and that the voters had the right to choose who they wanted to represent them.

The court made a ruling of undue election because the voters were aware that Benn was legally disqualified from sitting in the House of Commons, their votes had to be counted as being "thrown away" and Malcolm St Clair as the runner-up would take the seat instead.

## Background

Anthony Wedgwood Benn had been elected as the MP for Bristol South East since 1950 as a Labour Party candidate. During that time he was heir to the Viscount Stansgate title held by his father William Wedgwood Benn, 1st Viscount Stansgate, which Benn tried several times to renounce his right to. When his father died in 1960, Benn called the Speaker of the House of Commons to inform him of this. The Speaker told Benn that because he was now legally a peer, he was disqualified from sitting and speaking in the House of Commons. A by-election was called and Benn decided to fight it anyway. The Conservative Party candidate, Malcolm St Clair, ran several adverts in local papers telling voters that there was no point in voting for Benn as he was disqualified from sitting in the House of Commons as he was a hereditary peer. Despite this, Benn won the election and went to the door of the House of Commons to take his oath of allegiance. However the doorkeeper of the House had been told by the Speaker to not allow Benn access, specifically authorising the use of force to prevent him entering, because he was not legally allowed in the Commons as a hereditary peer.

St Clair issued an election petition against the results stating that Benn could not take his seat as he was disqualified. The petition was accepted by the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court of Justice of England and Wales and the case would be heard by an election court. During the two months preceding the case, Benn along with his sons Stephen and Hilary, and his legal advisor Michael Zander were granted permission by the Speaker to access the House of Commons Library to help with their case.

## Court hearing

Against legal advice of the Labour Party's Queen's Counsels, Benn represented himself *in pro per* during the proceedings. During his opening address, Benn took 22 hours to make it and took 537 questions while doing so. Sir Andrew Clark QC, acting as St Clair's barrister argued in his response that a peer upon succession, regardless of whether they had asked for one or not, was entitled to a writ of summons to the House of Lords which the Crown could not refuse to grant. He argued that merely having that right was grounds for disqualification as being a member of the House of Lords was incompatible with being an MP in the House of Commons.

Benn argued that to expel an elected member of the House of Commons on the grounds that he had the right for a writ of summons, was to punish him for doing something he had not done. He cited that there was no precedent to punish a hereditary peer for refusing a writ of summons and referenced the Garter King of Arms's Register of Lords Spiritual and Temporal, where there were forty instances in 500 years of peers not claiming their right to a writ. Since 1955, if a peer did not reply to the Lord Chancellor in relation to their right, they were deemed to be on a leave of absence and attendance was not expected.

## Verdict

Mr Justice Gorman and Mr Justice McNair delivered their verdict, which took two hours to read out. During it they praised Benn for "the magnificent way he had presented his case". However, they found the election of Benn to be undue, as he had succeeded his father as Viscount Stansgate and thus was disqualified from being elected as a hereditary peer. They stated that a hereditary peerage was "an incorporeal hereditament affixed to your blood and annexed for posterity". They made their judgement in favour of St Clair as because the voters knew that Benn was disqualified during the election campaign, their votes were to be treated as being "thrown away" as they had been given notice by St Clair of Benn's ineligibility. Benn's attempts to renounce his title were stated as being too technical for voters to have easily understood. As a result, St Clair was elected in place of Benn.

## Aftermath

Despite losing the court case, Benn continued to campaign to be able to renounce his peerage. The Peerage Act 1963 was passed which allowed for hereditary peers to disclaim their peerage and surrender their right to sit in the House of Lords. This act was created partially as a result of Benn's campaign but also because of the Conservative Party wishing for either Alec Douglas-Home, Earl of Home or Quintin Hogg, Viscount Hailsham to become Prime Minister and it was considered constitutionally inappropriate for the Prime Minister to sit in the House of Lords. Benn took the opportunity to disclaim his title 22 minutes after the bill had come into law. St Clair, acting pursuant to a promise he made to respect the wishes of the people of his constituency, agreed to take the position of Crown Steward and Bailiff of the Manor of Northstead, an office of profit under the Crown, in order to disqualify himself from his seat. This forced a by-election which Benn won, allowing him to reclaim his seat in the House of Commons. Benn left the House of Commons for the last time in 2001. At the time, hints were dropped to Benn to see if he would take a life peerage to enter the House of Lords but Benn rebuffed them saying "I wouldn't be seen dead in the place".

## InfoBox

| Re Bristol South-East Parliamentary Election 1961 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Court | Election court |
| Citation | \[1964\] 2 QB 257, \[1961\] 3 All ER 354 |
| Case history | |
| Related action | Peerage Act 1963 |
| Court membership | |
| Judges sitting | Mr Justice Gorman, Mr Justice McNair |
| Keywords | |
| * disclaiming peerages | |


title: Waverley Football Club

abstract: The Waverley Football Club, nicknamed the Panthers, was an Australian rules football club based in the Melbourne suburb of Glen Waverley. The club competed in the Victorian Football Association (VFA) from 1961 until 1987. They became the Waverley Amateurs in 1988 after absorbing Clayton Amateurs, before merging with Mount Waverley Burwood to form the Waverley Blues in 1998.

text:
# Waverley Football Club

The **Waverley Football Club**, nicknamed the **Panthers**, was an Australian rules football club based in the Melbourne suburb of Glen Waverley.

The club competed in the Victorian Football Association (VFA) from 1961 until 1987. They became the **Waverley Amateurs** in 1988 after absorbing Clayton Amateurs, before merging with Mount Waverley Burwood to form the Waverley Blues in 1998.

## History

### Early years

The club was formed in 1908 as the **Glen Waverley Football Club** and participated in A Grade of the Mulgrave District Football Association (MDFA). They briefly moved to the Scoresby District Football Association (SDFA) for the 1925 and 1926 seasons, but after finishing second-last and last place respectively in the two seasons, they joined the Berwick District Football Association (BDFA) in 1927.

Glen Waverley made its first known grand final in 1928, defeating Dandenong Rovers. However, the match was replayed on protest, with the Rovers winning that game by 11 points, claiming the BDFA premiership.

In 1930, the club moved to the Federal Football Association (FFA). They finished 7th on the ladder in both of their seasons in the competition, and (after one more BDFA season in 1932) joined the Caulfield-Oakleigh District Football League (CODFL) in 1933.

### VFA

In 1961, the club joined the newly-formed Division 2 in the Victorian Football Association (VFA). They changed their name to **Waverley** to better reflect their representation of the region, and adopted the "Panthers" nickname in 1963. They started strongly, winning half of their 18 matches that year, and then in 1963 finished runners up to Preston at Toorak Park. The club was promoted at short notice to the 1st Division in 1964 to fill the spot left after Moorabbin was suspended from the Association. In its first season in Division 1, the club survived relegation back to Division 2 by winning the last game of the season against their nemesis from the previous season, Preston.

The club's breakthrough year came in 1965 under the coaching of Ian Thorogood when, despite competing in just their second season in the top division, they claimed the premiership with a 12-point victory over Port Melbourne in the Grand Final at Port Melbourne's home ground. The following season they met again in the decider, but this time Port Melbourne was too strong. In 1970 they finished third, but in 1972 the club finished last and was relegated to Division 2, ending its nine-year stint in the top division.

The club struggled for support in Division 2, and was also hindered by the opening of VFL Park in nearby Mulgrave, as many locals preferred to watch the VFL game played at the ground every Saturday than watch the Panthers on a Sunday. In the mid-1970s when Association-wide crowds were averaging more than 4,500, Waverley still seldom drew more than 1,000 fans to games. The club was runner-up in Division 2 in 1981, and earned promotion to the expanded 12-team Division 1 for 1982, but returned to Division 2 in 1984 after two wooden spoons at the top level. Waverley was Division 2 runner-up in its final season, 1987, then abruptly folded one month before the 1988 season due to financial difficulties.

### Amateurs return

After spending the 1988 season in recess, the club announced it would absorb the **Clayton Amateurs Football Club**, which had been competing in the Victorian Amateur Football Association (VAFA) since 1978.

Under the new name of **Waverley Amateurs**, the club entered the VAFA's F Section for the 1989 season.

In 1991, the club moved to the Eastern District Football League (EDFL) and reverted back to the "Waverley Football Club" name. The club was runners-up in the Division 4 grand finals in 1996 and 1997, while the EDFL became the Eastern Football League (EFL) at the end of the 1997 season.

### Merger with Mount Waverley Burwood

The **Mount Waverley Burwood Football Club** was formed in 1994 and played in Division 1 of the Southern Football League (SFL). The club was formed as a merger of the **Burwood Football Club** (formerly **Burwood United**), which had played in the played in the Eastern Churches Football Association (ECFA) and South East Suburban Football League (SESFL), and the **Mount Waverley Football Club**, which played in the Federal League, OCDFL and SESFL.

During the 1998 season (the EDFL became the Eastern Football League (EFL) at the end of the 1997 season) the committees of Waverley and Mount Waverley Burwood discussed the possibility of merging to create a larger club that represented the Waverley district of the City of Monash. The merger was agreed on, and the new club − known as the **Waverley Blues** − entered the EFL in 1999.

## Honours

**VFA premierships (1)**

* 1st Division – 1965

Waverley 14.13 (97) d. Port Melbourne 10.25 (85)

**J. J. Liston Trophies (2)**

* Alan Poore – 1965, 1966

## Seasons

Source:

| **Premiers** | **Grand Finalist** | **Minor premiers** | Finals appearance | Wooden spoon | **VFA/VFL leading goalkicker** | **VFA/VFL best and fairest** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

### Seniors

| Year | League | Division | Finish | W | L | D | Coach | Captain | Best and fairest | Leading goalkicker | Goals | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **1908** | MDFA | A Grade |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1909** | MDFA | A Grade |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1910** | MDFA | A Grade |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1911** | MDFA | A Grade |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1912** | MDFA | A Grade |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1913** | MDFA | A Grade |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1914** | MDFA | A Grade |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1915** | MDFA | A Grade |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1916** | MDFA | A Grade |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1917** | MDFA | A Grade |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1918** | MDFA | A Grade |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1919** | MDFA | A Grade |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1920** | MDFA | A Grade |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1921** | MDFA | A Grade |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1922** | MDFA | A Grade |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1923** | MDFA | A Grade |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1924** | MDFA | A Grade |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1925** | SDFA | A Grade | 8th | 3 | 12 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1926** | SDFA | A Grade | 9th | 2 | 14 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1927** | BDFA | A Grade | 3rd | 8 | 6 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1928** | BDFA | A Grade | 1st | 12 | 2 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1929** | BDFA | A Grade | 2nd | 13 | 3 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1930** | FFA |  | 7th |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1931** | FFA |  | 7th |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1932** | BDFA |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1933** | CODFL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1934** | CODFL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1935** | CODFL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1936** | CODFL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1937** | CODFL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1938** | CODFL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1939** | CODFL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1940** | CODFL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1941** | CODFL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1942** | CODFL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1943** | CODFL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1944** | CODFL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1945** | CODFL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1946** | CODFL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1947** | CODFL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1948** | CODFL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1949** | CODFL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1950** | CODFL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1951** | CODFL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1952** | CODFL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1953** | CODFL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1954** | CODFL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1955** | CODFL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1956** | CODFL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1957** | CODFL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1958** | CODFL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1959** | CODFL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1960** | CODFL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1961** | VFA | Division 2 |  |  |  |  | Don Scott | Don Scott |  |  |  |  |
| **1962** | VFA | Division 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1963** | VFA | Division 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1964** | VFA | Division 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1965** | VFA | Division 1 |  |  |  |  | Ian Thorogood |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1966** | VFA | Division 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1967** | VFA | Division 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1968** | VFA | Division 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1969** | VFA | Division 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1970** | VFA | Division 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1971** | VFA | Division 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1972** | VFA | Division 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1973** | VFA | Division 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1974** | VFA | Division 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1975** | VFA | Division 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1976** | VFA | Division 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1977** | VFA | Division 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1978** | VFA | Division 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1979** | VFA | Division 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1980** | VFA | Division 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Paul Angelis | 100 |  |
| **1981** | VFA | Division 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1982** | VFA | Division 1 |  |  |  |  | Laurie Fowler | Laurie Fowler |  |  |  |  |
| **1983** | VFA | Division 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1984** | VFA | Division 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1985** | VFA | Division 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1986** | VFA | Division 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1987** | VFA | Division 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1988** | VFA | Division 2 | *(In recess)* | | | | | | | | | | |
| **1989** | VAFA | F Section | 7th | 9 | 9 | 0 | John Hartley |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1990** | VAFA | F Section |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1991** | EDFL | Division 4 | 3rd | 10 | 6 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1992** | EDFL | Division 4 | 2nd | 12 | 6 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1993** | EDFL | Division 4 | 4th | 13 | 5 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1994** | EDFL | Division 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1995** | EDFL | Division 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1996** | EDFL | Division 4 | 3rd | 13 | 4 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1997** | EDFL | Division 4 | 2nd | 11 | 7 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **1998** | EFL | Division 4 | 5th | 7 | 11 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

## Notable players

## InfoBox

| Waverley Football Club | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Names | |
| Full name | Waverley Football Club |
| Former name(s) | Glen Waverley Football Club (1908−1961)
Waverley Amateur Football Club Inc. (1988−1991) |
| Nickname(s) | *Panthers* |
| 1998 Division 4 season | |
| Home-and-away season | 5th |
| Club details | |
| Founded | 1908 |
| Dissolved | 1998 |
| Colours | Red   Black |
| Competition | **MDFA** (1908–1924)
**SDFA** (1925–1926)
**BDFA** (1927–1929; 1932)
**FFA** (1930–1931)
**CODFL** (1933–1960)
**VFA** (1961–1987)
**VAFA** (1989–1990)
**EDFL/EFL** (1991–1998) |
| Premierships | **VFA (D1)** (1) |
| Ground(s) | Central Reserve (pre-1991)
Columbia Park Reserve (1994−1998) |


title: Norby (TV series)

abstract: Norby is an American sitcom that aired on NBC from January 5 to April 6, 1955. The first television series filmed in color, it was created by David Swift and lasted one season and 13 episodes.

text:
# Norby (TV series)

***Norby*** is an American sitcom that aired on NBC from January 5 to April 6, 1955. The first television series filmed in color, it was created by David Swift and lasted one season and 13 episodes.

## Premise

Pearson Norby is the vice president in charge of small loans at a small-town bank in Pearl River, New York. At the bank, he works with Mr. Rudge, another vice president and efficiency expert, and Wahleen Johnson, the telephone operator. Some sources claim the bank is run by an unnamed Bank President, while others identify Mrs. Maude Endles as its president. Norby lives in Pearl River with his wife Helen, daughter Diane, and son Hank. Bobo and Maureen live next door to the Norbys.

## Cast

## Production

*Norby* was created by writer David Swift. The series was filmed in color, with exterior shots filmed on location in Pearl River, New York. Other filming was done at 20th Century Movietone Studios in New York City, with no laugh track. Eastman Kodak was the sponsor (that company's first venture into TV sponsorship). Kodak also made the film used for the series. The lack of availability of affiliates for the program's time slot "was probably the chief factor behind its early cancellation". Swift was the producer, and he directed some episodes, with Richard Whorf and Rogers Brackett directing others. Writers included George Kirgo, James Lee, Harvey Orkin, David Rayfiel, and Paul West. John Graham and Max Allentuck were associate producers.

## Broadcast history

*Norby* aired at 7:00 p.m. on Wednesdays throughout its 13-episode run. It was replaced by *Kodak Request Performance*, a film series that included plays from *Ford Theatre* and from *Top Plays of 1955*.

## Critical reception

Critic Jack Gould, in a review of the first episode of *Norby* in *The New York Times*, described the program as being "off to an extremely wobbly start". He wrote that the show made the title character too much like fathers in other TV situation comedies and that situations in the episode strained plausibility. His most positive comments regarded the quality of the episode's color, which he said also resulted in an improved picture on black-and-white TV sets.

A review of the same episode in the trade publication *Broadcasting* said that the program avoided "much of the nonsense that clutters too many of the series' family contemporaries on TV". If other episodes followed that trend, the review said, "viewers are in for solid, warm entertainment".

## Episodes

Source

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | "The Promotion" | David Swift | Harvey Orkin, James Lee, David Rayfiel, George Kirgo | January 5, 1955 (1955-01-05) |
| The pilot episode for the series. Pearson Norby receives a promotion from head teller to vice president in charge of small loans at Pearl River First National Bank in Pearl River, New York. | | | | | | |
| 2 | 2 | "Overdrawn Account" | Unknown | Unknown | January 12, 1955 (1955-01-12) |
| Horrified to learn that he has overdrawn his own bank account and harboring doubts about his banking ability, Norby spends a miserable night with an "angel-in-charge-of-hopelessness." | | | | | | |
| 3 | 3 | "The Picnic" | Unknown | Unknown | January 19, 1955 (1955-01-19) |
| Norby tries to stop the tree he used to picnic under from being cut down to make room for a motel. | | | | | | |
| 4 | 4 | "Late Love" | Unknown | Unknown | January 26, 1955 (1955-01-26) |
| While Diane and Helen wait for Norby, Diane studies the love lives of people at the bank. | | | | | | |
| 5 | 5 | "Helen's Holiday" | Unknown | Unknown | February 2, 1955 (1955-02-02) |
| Despite Norby's good mood, Helen begins to feel that life has passed her by. | | | | | | |
| 6 | 6 | "Wahleen's Romance" | Unknown | Unknown | February 9, 1955 (1955-02-09) |
| After the women at the bank look enviously at a passing car bearing a "Just Married" sign, Wahleen gets carried away and says that she soon will be married, too. | | | | | | |
| 7 | 7 | TBA | Unknown | Unknown | February 16, 1955 (1955-02-16) |
| When Helen dwells on all the golden opportunities she feels she has missed in her life, Norby looks for a way to cure her of her dreams of glory. | | | | | | |
| 8 | 8 | "The Quiet War" | Unknown | Unknown | February 23, 1955 (1955-02-23) |
| The Norbys have a minor disagreement that escalates into a color war. | | | | | | |
| 9 | 9 | TBA | Unknown | Unknown | March 2, 1955 (1955-03-02) |
| Helen and Maureen sign up for an art appreciation class. | | | | | | |
| 10 | 10 | "The Cinderella Story" | Unknown | Unknown | March 9, 1955 (1955-03-09) |
| Norby rewrites the Cinderella story as he thinks it really happened to show that the Prince Charming was framed — in Norby's version, the Prince Charming was a sure prey for the girl in the glass slipper when she set her mind on matrimony. | | | | | | |
| 11 | 11 | TBA | Unknown | Unknown | March 16, 1955 (1955-03-16) |
| Diane decides that she wants to be a ballet dancer, and Norby tells her she must earn her own money for ballet lessons. | | | | | | |
| 12 | 12 | "Dorcus Dilemma" | Unknown | Unknown | March 23, 1955 (1955-03-23) |
| Too embarrassed to tell anyone that he has lost his gun, Dorcus, the longtime guard at the bank, instead announces his retirement. | | | | | | |
| 13 | 13 | "Boss and the Lady" | Unknown | Unknown | April 6, 1955 (1955-04-06) |
| Helen helps out at the bank by filling in as Norby′s secretary, and her office behavior convinces Norby that the place for a woman is in the home. | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| *Norby* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Sitcom |
| Created by | David Swift |
| Starring | David Wayne |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 13 |
| Production | |
| Producer | David Swift |
| Camera setup | Multi-camera |
| Running time | 30 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | NBC |
| Release | January 5 (1955-01-05)
April 6, 1955 (1955-04-06) |


title: Eucalyptus angulosa

abstract: Eucalyptus angulosa, also known as the ridge fruited mallee or southern ridge fruited mallee, is a eucalypt that is native to Western Australia. The Noongar peoples know the tree as quarral or kwaral.

text:
# Eucalyptus angulosa

***Eucalyptus angulosa***, also known as the **ridge fruited mallee** or **southern ridge fruited mallee**, is a eucalypt that is native to Western Australia. The Noongar peoples know the tree as **quarral** or **kwaral**.

## Description

The mallee typically grows to a height of 1.5 to 7 metres (5 to 23 ft) and has smooth bark. It blooms between August and March producing white to creamy yellow flowers. It has a lignotuber and can form multiple stems. The bark is smooth and a grey colour with loose strips of rough bark accumulating toward the base. It remains smooth but becomes a pale grey, grey-brown, white or pinkish to coppery colour with ribbons on the upper branches. The thick, concolorous, glossy, green adult leaves have an alternate arrangement. The leaf blade has a lanceolate to broadly lanceolate to ovate-elliptic shape and is 5 to 14 centimetres (2.0 to 5.5 in) in length and 1.7 to 5 cm (0.67 to 1.97 in) with the base tapering evenly to petiole. Petioles are 1 to 3 cm (0.39 to 1.18 in) in length. Each axillary inflorescence is unbranched with flattened peduncles. The fruit is also pedicellate and has a cylindrical, hemispherical or urceolate shape. They are 1 to 2.5 cm (0.39 to 0.98 in) wide with coarse longitudinal ribbing and a descending disc descending and three to four enclosed valves. The fruit contains blackish grey seeds that are 2 to 4.5 mm (0.08 to 0.18 in) in length with a flattened-pyramidal or cuboid shape.

## Taxonomy

The species was first formally described by the botanist Johannes Conrad Schauer in the work *Repertorium Botanices Systematicae* in 1843 by Schauer and Wilhelm Gerhard Walpers. Synonyms for the species include; *Eucalyptus grossifolia* as described by L.A.S.Johnson and K.D.Hill, *Eucalyptus angulosa* Schauer var. *angulosa* by C.A.Gardner, *Eucalyptus incrassata* var. *angulosa* by George Bentham and *Eucalyptus incrassata* subsp. *angulosa* by F.C.Johnstone & Hallam. The species name *angulosa* is taken from the Latin word *angulosus* meaning angled, referring to the branchlets and buds. *E. angulosa*is part of the Eucalyptus subgenus *Symphyomyrtus* section *Dumaria* along with other species including *E. incrassata*, *E. captiosa*, *E. singularis* and *E. ceratocorys*.

## Distribution

It is found on coastal headlands and dunes as part of mallee communities along the south coast in the Great Southern and Goldfields-Esperance regions of western Australia where it grows in white-grey sandy soils often over limestone. The species is also found in South Australia on the southern Eyre Peninsula, the southern Fleurieu Peninsula and much less commonly in the Murray-Darling depression. The species is common in Western Australia but much less common in South Australia.

## Use in horticulture

The plant is sold commercially as tube stock or seeds. It germinates readily as is used as an ornamental species or in land restoration. It is a slow grower and is salt and drought tolerant. It grows well in a full sunny position and has low maintenance requirements.

## InfoBox

| Ridge-fruited mallee | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Eucalyptus angulosa* | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | *Eucalyptus* |
| Species: | ***E. angulosa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eucalyptus angulosa***
Schauer | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Eucalyptus incrassata* var. *angulosa* (Schauer) Benth. * *Eucalyptus angulosa* Schauer var. angulosa * *Eucalyptus incrassata* subsp. *angulosa* (Schauer) F.C.Johnstone & Hallam * *Eucalyptus grossifolia* L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill | |