title: Ron Tilton

abstract: Ronald John Tilton is an American former college and professional football player who was a guard in the National Football League (NFL) for a single season in 1986. Tilton played college football for the University of Florida and Tulane University, and thereafter, he played professionally for the Washington Redskins of the NFL.

text:
# Ron Tilton

**Ronald John Tilton** (born August 9, 1963) is an American former college and professional football player who was a guard in the National Football League (NFL) for a single season in 1986. Tilton played college football for the University of Florida and Tulane University, and thereafter, he played professionally for the Washington Redskins of the NFL.

## Early life

Tilton was born in Homestead, Florida. He attended Plant High School in Tampa, Florida, where he played high school football for the Plant Panthers.

## College career

Tilton attended the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, where he played for coach Charley Pell's Florida Gators football team in 1981 and 1982. Tilton transferred to Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana, and played his final two college football seasons for the Tulane Green Wave football team in 1984 and 1985.

## Professional career

Tilton was not selected in the 1986 NFL draft. The Washington Redskins signed him as an undrafted free agent, and he played for the Redskins for a single season in 1986, appearing in seven games.

## InfoBox

Ron Tilton
| No. 76 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Guard |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1963-08-09) August 9, 1963
Homestead, Florida, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) |
| Weight: | 250 lb (113 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Tampa (FL) Plant |
| College: | Florida
Tulane |
| Undrafted: | 1986 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
| * Offseason and/or practice squad member only | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Games played: 7 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Mycogelidium

abstract: Mycogelidium is a genus of fungi in the order Capnodiales. It contains the single species Mycogelidium sinense, described from China. The species was originally misinterpreted as a basidiomycete in the order Atractiellales and placed in its own family, the Mycogelidiaceae. Septate conidiophores were mistaken for auricularioid basidia. The species is now considered to belong within the anamorphic Capnodiales.

text:
# Mycogelidium

***Mycogelidium*** is a genus of fungi in the order Capnodiales. It contains the single species ***Mycogelidium sinense***, described from China. The species was originally misinterpreted as a basidiomycete in the order Atractiellales and placed in its own family, the Mycogelidiaceae. Septate conidiophores were mistaken for auricularioid (laterally septate) basidia. The species is now considered to belong within the anamorphic Capnodiales (sooty moulds).

## InfoBox

| *Mycogelidium* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Dothideomycetes |
| Order: | Capnodiales |
| Genus: | ***Mycogelidium***
W.Y. Zhuang (2007) |
|
| Type species | |
| ***Mycogelidium sinense***
W.Y. Zhuang (2007) | |


title: Mōrere

abstract: Mōrere is a sparsely populated area in New Zealand that is home to the Morere Hot Springs and Morere Springs Scenic Reserve with trails through nikau palm habitat. Morere is in the area of Hawkes Bay on the North Island. Self contained accommodation is available nearby at Morere Hot Springs Lodge. Tearooms and campgrounds were available in the area. The holiday park in the area was honoured by AirBnB three years in a row.

text:
# Mōrere

**Mōrere** is a sparsely populated area in New Zealand that is home to the Morere Hot Springs and Morere Springs Scenic Reserve with trails through nikau palm habitat. Morere is in the area of Hawkes Bay on the North Island. Self contained accommodation is available nearby at Morere Hot Springs Lodge.

Tearooms and campgrounds were available in the area. The holiday park in the area was honoured by AirBnB three years in a row.

38°59′S 177°47′E / 38.983°S 177.783°E / -38.983; 177.783


title: NKRF (gene)

abstract: NF-kappa-B-repressing factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NKRF gene. This gene encodes a transcription factor that interacts with specific negative regulatory elements (NREs) to mediate transcriptional repression of certain NK-kappa-B-responsive genes. The protein localizes predominantly to the nucleolus with a small fraction found in the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm.

text:
# NKRF (gene)

**NF-kappa-B-repressing factor** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *NKRF* gene.

This gene encodes a transcription factor that interacts with specific negative regulatory elements (NREs) to mediate transcriptional repression of certain NK-kappa-B-responsive genes.

The protein localizes predominantly to the nucleolus with a small fraction found in the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| NKRF | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | NKRF, ITBA4, NRF, NFKB repressing factor | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 300440; MGI: 1924536; HomoloGene: 84816; GeneCards: NKRF; OMA:NKRF - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001173487
NM\_001173488
NM\_017544   NM\_029891   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_060014   NP\_084167   Location (UCSC) Chr X: 119.59 – 119.61 Mb Chr X: 36.15 – 36.17 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Hathor 24

abstract: Hathor 23 – Coptic calendar – Hathor 25 The twenty-fourth day of the Coptic month of Hathor, the third month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to November 20, of the Julian calendar, and December 3, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence. This day falls in the Nativity Fast.

text:
# Hathor 24

Hathor 23Coptic calendarHathor 25

The twenty-fourth day of the Coptic month of Hathor, the third month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to November 20, of the Julian calendar, and December 3, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence. This day falls in the Nativity Fast.

## Commemorations

### Saints

* The martyrdom of Bishop Narcees and Saint Thecla
* The departure of Saint Proclus, the Patriarch of Constantinople

### Other commemorations

* The commemoration of the Twenty-Four Presbyters

1. Synaxarion, Hathor 24, Coptic Reader.
2. "Hator 24 : Lives of Saints : Synaxarium". *CopticChurch.net*. Retrieved 2022-11-02.
3. Egypt, Michael Ghaly-. "24 Hatour – Hatur Month – Coptic Synaxarium (Coptic Orthodox Calendar: Daily Synaxarion)". *St-Takla.org*. Retrieved 2022-11-02.
4. *Coptic Synaxarium* (PDF). Saint George Coptic Orthodox Church. 1995.


title: Poem of the River

abstract: Poem of the River is the seventh album by English alternative rock band Felt, released in 1987.

text:
# Poem of the River

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Sounds* |  |

***Poem of the River*** is the seventh album by English alternative rock band Felt, released in 1987.

## Track listing

All songs written by Lawrence.

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Declaration" | 1:47 |
| 2. | "Silver Plane" | 2:38 |
| 3. | "She Lives by the Castle" | 6:18 |
| 4. | "Stained Glass Windows in the Sky" | 2:06 |
| 5. | "Riding on the Equator" | 8:54 |
| 6. | "Dark Red Birds" | 4:18 |

## Personnel

Felt Additional personnel * Tony Willé – electric guitar (tracks 3-5), acoustic guitar (track 6)
* Neil Scott – electric guitar (tracks 3-6)
* Mayo Thompson – production

## InfoBox

| Poem of the River | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Felt | |
| Released | June 1987 |
| Genre | Indie pop |
| Length | 26:01 |
| Label | Creation |
| Producer | Mayo Thompson |
| Felt chronology | |
| *Forever Breathes the Lonely Word*
(1986) ***Poem of the River***
(1987) *Gold Mine Trash*
(1987) | |


title: Jordan Maksymic

abstract: Jordan Maksymic is a professional Canadian football coach who is currently the offensive coordinator for the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League (CFL).

text:
# Jordan Maksymic

**Jordan Maksymic** is a professional Canadian football coach who is currently the offensive coordinator for the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League (CFL).

## Early life

Maksymic grew up in St. Albert, Alberta, where he played at quarterback for his high school team, the Bellerose Bulldogs. Upon graduation, he joined the team as an assistant coach for 2005 and 2006. His neighbour, Tom Higgins, had introduced him to football while he was he head coach and general manager of the Edmonton Eskimos and invited him to work as a water boy in 2006 for the Calgary Stampeders while Higgins was the head coach for the team. He then worked as a video coordinator for the Stampeders in 2007 and 2008.

## Coaching career

### Northern Arizona

Maksymic worked as a graduate assistant for the Northern Arizona Lumberjacks in 2009 and 2010 while he went to school at Northern Arizona University.

### Edmonton Eskimos

Maksymic was hired as the video coordinator for the Edmonton Eskimos in 2011 and also served in that role in 2012. He was added to the coaching staff as an offensive assistant in 2013.

### Ottawa Redblacks

Maksymic was hired by the expansion Ottawa Redblacks in 2014 to serve as an offensive assistant on the coaching staff. He was promoted to running backs coach for the 2015 season where the team made an appearance in the 103rd Grey Cup.

### Edmonton Eskimos (II)

In 2016, it was announced that Maksymic had re-joined the Edmonton Eskimos to be part of Jason Maas' staff as the team's quarterbacks coach. In 2018, he added the title of pass game coordinator in addition to his quarterback coaching duties. He was further promoted to offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach for the 2019 season, although Maas continued to call the plays.

### BC Lions

Following a coaching change in Edmonton, Maksymic joined the BC Lions in January 2020 as the team's offensive coordinator, reuniting him with former Redblacks head coach, Rick Campbell. In his first season calling plays, quarterback Michael Reilly led the league in passing and the Lions had two receivers, Bryan Burnham and Lucky Whitehead, named as CFL All-Stars.

## InfoBox

Jordan Maksymic
| BC Lions | |
| --- | --- |
| Maksymic with the Lions in 2022 | |
| Born: | 1987 (age 3637)
St. Albert, Alberta |
| Career information | |
| Position(s) | Offensive coordinator |
| College | Northern Arizona |
| Career history | |
| As coach | |
| 2009–2010 | Northern Arizona Lumberjacks
(Graduate assistant) |
| 2013 | Edmonton Eskimos
(Offensive assistant) |
| 2014 | Ottawa Redblacks
(Offensive assistant) |
| 2015 | Ottawa Redblacks
(Running backs coach) |
| 20162019 | Edmonton Eskimos
(Quarterbacks coach) |
| 2018 | Edmonton Eskimos
(Pass game coordinator) |
| 2019 | Edmonton Eskimos
(Offensive coordinator) |
| 2020–present | BC Lions
(Offensive coordinator) |
|  | |


title: Phanerochaetaceae

abstract: The Phanerochaetaceae are a family of mostly crust fungi in the order Polyporales.

text:
# Phanerochaetaceae

The **Phanerochaetaceae** are a family of mostly crust fungi in the order Polyporales.

## Taxonomy

Phanerochaetaceae was first conceived by Swedish mycologist John Eriksson in 1958 as the subfamily Phanerochaetoideae of the Corticiaceae. It was later published validly by Erast Parmasto in 1986, and raised to familial status by Swiss mycologist Walter Jülich in 1982. The type genus is *Phanerochaete*.

In 2007, Karl-Henrik Larsson proposed using the name Phanerochaetaceae to refer to the clade of crust fungi clustered near *Phanerochaete*. In 2013, a more extensive molecular analysis showed that the Phanerochaetaceae were a subclade of the large phlebioid clade, which also contains members of the families Meruliaceae and Irpicaceae. The generic limits of *Phanerochaete* were revised in 2015, and new genera were added in 2016. As of April 2018, Index Fungorum accepts 30 genera and 367 species in the family.

## Description

Most Phanerochaetaceae species are crust-like. Their hyphal system is monomitic (containing only generative hyphae), and these hyphae lack clamp connections. Their spores are thin-walled, smooth, and hyaline (translucent). Cystidia are often present in the hymenium. Although rare, some species have a polyporoid form, a dimitic hyphal system, and clamp connections. Phanerochaetaceae fungi produce a white rot.

## Genera

## InfoBox

| Phanerochaetaceae | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Phanerochaete velutina* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Polyporales |
| Family: | Phanerochaetaceae
Jülich (1982) |
|
| Type genus | |
| *Phanerochaete*
P.Karst (1889) | |
| Synonyms | |
| * Hapalopilaceae Jülich (1981) * Bjerkanderaceae Jülich (1981) | |


title: Metaplectic group

abstract: In mathematics, the metaplectic group Mp2n is a double cover of the symplectic group Sp2n. It can be defined over either real or p-adic numbers. The construction covers more generally the case of an arbitrary local or finite field, and even the ring of adeles. The metaplectic group has a particularly significant infinite-dimensional linear representation, the Weil representation. It was used by André Weil to give a representation-theoretic interpretation of theta functions, and is important in the theory of modular forms of half-integral weight and the theta correspondence.

text:
# Metaplectic group

In mathematics, the **metaplectic group** Mp2*n* is a double cover of the symplectic group Sp2*n*. It can be defined over either real or *p*-adic numbers. The construction covers more generally the case of an arbitrary local or finite field, and even the ring of adeles.

The metaplectic group has a particularly significant infinite-dimensional linear representation, the **Weil representation**. It was used by André Weil to give a representation-theoretic interpretation of theta functions, and is important in the theory of modular forms of half-integral weight and the theta correspondence.

## Definition

The fundamental group of the symplectic Lie group Sp2n(**R**) is infinite cyclic, so it has a unique connected double cover, which is denoted Mp2*n*(**R**) and called the **metaplectic group**.

The metaplectic group Mp2(**R**) is *not* a matrix group: it has no faithful finite-dimensional representations. Therefore, the question of its explicit realization is nontrivial. It has faithful irreducible infinite-dimensional representations, such as the Weil representation described below.

It can be proved that if *F* is any local field other than **C**, then the symplectic group Sp2*n*(*F*) admits a unique perfect central extension with the kernel **Z**/2**Z**, the cyclic group of order 2, which is called the metaplectic group over *F*. It serves as an algebraic replacement of the topological notion of a 2-fold cover used when *F* = **R**. The approach through the notion of central extension is useful even in the case of real metaplectic group, because it allows a description of the group operation via a certain cocycle.

## Explicit construction for *n* = 1

In the case *n* = 1, the symplectic group coincides with the special linear group SL2(**R**). This group biholomorphically acts on the complex upper half-plane by fractional-linear transformations, such as the Möbius transformation,

$$g\cdot z={\frac {az+b}{cz+d}}$$

where

$$g={\begin{pmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{pmatrix}\in \operatorname {SL} \_{2}(\mathbf {R} )}$$

is a real 2-by-2 matrix with the unit determinant and *z* is in the upper half-plane, and this action can be used to explicitly construct the metaplectic cover of SL2(**R**).

The elements of the metaplectic group Mp2(**R**) are the pairs (*g*, *ε*), where $g\in \operatorname {SL} \_{2}(\mathbf {R} )$ and *ε* is a holomorphic function on the upper half-plane such that $\epsilon (z)^{2}=cz+d=j(g,z)$. The multiplication law is defined by:

$(g\_{1},\epsilon \_{1})\cdot (g\_{2},\epsilon \_{2})=(g\_{1}g\_{2},\epsilon ),$ where $\epsilon (z)=\epsilon \_{1}(g\_{2}\cdot z)\epsilon \_{2}(z).$

That this product is well-defined follows from the cocycle relation $j(g\_{1}g\_{2},z)=j(g\_{1},g\_{2}\cdot z)j(g\_{2},z)$. The map

$$(g,\epsilon )\mapsto g$$

is a surjection from Mp2(**R**) to SL2(**R**) which does not admit a continuous section. Hence, we have constructed a non-trivial 2-fold cover of the latter group.

## Construction of the Weil representation

We first give a rather abstract reason why the Weil representation exists. The Heisenberg group has an irreducible unitary representation on a Hilbert space $\mathcal {H}$, that is,

$$\rho :\mathbb {H} (V)\longrightarrow U({\mathcal {H})}$$

with the center acting as a given nonzero constant. The Stone–von Neumann theorem states that this representation is essentially unique: if $\rho '$ is another such representation, there exists an automorphism

$\psi \in U({\mathcal {H})}$ such that $\rho '=\operatorname {Ad} \_{\psi }(\rho )$.

and the conjugating automorphism is projectively unique, i.e., up to a multiplicative modulus 1 constant. So any automorphism of the Heisenberg group, inducing the identity on the center, acts on this representation $\mathcal {H}$—to be precise, the action is only well-defined up to multiplication by a non-zero constant.

The automorphisms of the Heisenberg group (fixing its center) form the symplectic group, so at first sight this seems to give an action of the symplectic group on $\mathcal {H}$. However, the action is only defined up to multiplication by a nonzero constant, in other words, one can only map the automorphism of the group to the class $\[\psi \]\in \operatorname {PU} ({\mathcal {H})}$. So we only get a homomorphism from the symplectic group to the **projective** unitary group of $\mathcal {H}$; in other words a projective representation. The general theory of projective representations then applies, to give an action of some central extension of the symplectic group on $\mathcal {H}$. A calculation shows that this central extension can be taken to be a double cover, and this double cover is the metaplectic group.

Now we give a more concrete construction in the simplest case of Mp2(**R**). The Hilbert space *H* is then the space of all *L*2 functions on the reals. The Heisenberg group is generated by translations and by multiplication by the functions *e**ixy* of *x*, for *y* real. Then the action of the metaplectic group on *H* is generated by the Fourier transform and multiplication by the functions exp(*ix*2*y*) of *x*, for *y* real.

## Generalizations

Weil showed how to extend the theory above by replacing $\mathbb {R} $ by any locally compact abelian group *G*, which by Pontryagin duality is isomorphic to its dual (the group of characters). The Hilbert space *H* is then the space of all *L*2 functions on *G*. The (analogue of) the Heisenberg group is generated by translations by elements of *G*, and multiplication by elements of the dual group (considered as functions from *G* to the unit circle). There is an analogue of the symplectic group acting on the Heisenberg group, and this action lifts to a projective representation on *H*. The corresponding central extension of the symplectic group is called the metaplectic group.

Some important examples of this construction are given by:

* *G* is a vector space over the reals of dimension *n*. This gives a metaplectic group that is a double cover of the symplectic group Sp2*n*(**R**).
* More generally *G* can be a vector space over any local field *F* of dimension *n*. This gives a metaplectic group that is a double cover of the symplectic group Sp2*n*(*F*).
* *G* is a vector space over the adeles of a number field (or global field). This case is used in the representation-theoretic approach to automorphic forms.
* *G* is a finite group. The corresponding metaplectic group is then also finite, and the central cover is trivial. This case is used in the theory of theta functions of lattices, where typically *G* will be the discriminant group of an even lattice.
* A modern point of view on the existence of the *linear* (not projective) Weil representation over a finite field, namely, that it admits a canonical Hilbert space realization, was proposed by David Kazhdan. Using the notion of canonical intertwining operators suggested by Joseph Bernstein, such a realization was constructed by Gurevich-Hadani.

* Howe, Roger; Tan, Eng-Chye (1992), *Nonabelian harmonic analysis. Applications of SL(2,**R**)*, Universitext, New York: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 978-0-387-97768-3
* Lion, Gerard; Vergne, Michele (1980), *The Weil representation, Maslov index and theta series*, Progress in Mathematics, vol. 6, Boston: Birkhäuser
* Weil, André (1964), "Sur certains groupes d'opérateurs unitaires", *Acta Math.*, **111**: 143–211, doi:10.1007/BF02391012
* Gurevich, Shamgar; Hadani, Ronny (2006), "The geometric Weil representation", *Selecta Mathematica*, New Series, arXiv:math/0610818, Bibcode:2006math.....10818G
* Gurevich, Shamgar; Hadani, Ronny (2005), *Canonical quantization of symplectic vector spaces over finite fields*, arXiv:0705.4556


title: Nicolae Robu

abstract: Nicolae Robu is a Romanian politician, engineer, and computer science professor. He was mayor of Timișoara from 2012 until 2020 and the former president of PNL Timiș. He served as rector of the Politehnica University of Timișoara from 2004 to 2012 and prorector from 1990 to 2000. He also sat in the Senate for Timiș County from 2008 to 2012. He is a member of the National Liberal Party (PNL). Born in Bocsig, Arad County, he attended the Politehnica University of Timișoara from 1975 to 1980, earning a doctorate from the same institution in 1995, in the field of automatic control systems. He worked as an engineer in Timișoara from 1980 to 1985 before becoming a scientific researcher with the Institute for Automatic Research in the city. In 1986, he began teaching at his alma mater, becoming a university professor in 1997. He was assistant rector of the university from 1990 to 2004, serving as rector from 2004 to 2012. In 2008, he was elected to the Romanian Senate for Timiș County; he sat on the education committee. He resigned his seat in June 2012. That month, at the local election, he won the race to be mayor of Timișoara while running on the lists of the Social Liberal Union. He took 49.8% of the vote, with his nearest rival winning 23.4%. Within his party, he has headed the president of the Timiș County chapter since 2009, and has sat on the central political bureau since 2011. Robu is married and has two children, Andreea Robu and Raul Robu.

text:
# Nicolae Robu

**Nicolae Robu** (born May 28, 1955) is a Romanian politician, engineer, and computer science professor.

He was mayor of Timișoara from 2012 until 2020 and the former president of PNL Timiș. He served as rector of the Politehnica University of Timișoara from 2004 to 2012 and prorector from 1990 to 2000. He also sat in the Senate for Timiș County from 2008 to 2012. He is a member of the National Liberal Party (PNL).

Born in Bocsig, Arad County, he attended the Politehnica University of Timișoara from 1975 to 1980, earning a doctorate from the same institution in 1995, in the field of automatic control systems. He worked as an engineer in Timișoara from 1980 to 1985 before becoming a scientific researcher with the Institute for Automatic Research in the city. In 1986, he began teaching at his alma mater, becoming a university professor in 1997. He was assistant rector of the university from 1990 to 2004, serving as rector from 2004 to 2012.

In 2008, he was elected to the Romanian Senate for Timiș County; he sat on the education committee. He resigned his seat in June 2012. That month, at the local election, he won the race to be mayor of Timișoara while running on the lists of the Social Liberal Union. He took 49.8% of the vote, with his nearest rival winning 23.4%. Within his party, he has headed the president of the Timiș County chapter since 2009, and has sat on the central political bureau since 2011.

Robu is married and has two children, Andreea Robu and Raul Robu.

## InfoBox

| Nicolae Robu | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Mayor of Timișoara | |
| **In office**
10 July 2012  27 October 2020 | |
| Preceded by | Gheorghe Ciuhandu |
| Succeeded by | Dominic Fritz |
| Senator in Romanian Parliament | |
| **In office**
19 December 2008  22 June 2012 | |
| Former President of PNL Timiș | |
| **In office**
March 2010  September 2020 | |
| Former rector of Politechnic Institute of Timișoara | |
| **In office**
2004–2012 | |
| Vice-president of National Council of Rectors | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
2008 | |
| Member of Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe | |
| Member of PNL National Executive Council | |
| Member of PNL Central Political Bureau | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1955-05-28) 28 May 1955
Bocsig, Arad County, Romania |
| Political party | National Liberal Party (PNL) |
| Spouse | Florica Robu |
| Children | 2 |
|  | |


title: Mycoherbicide

abstract: A mycoherbicide is a herbicide based on a fungus. As a biological agent, these "mycoherbicides... work by producing toxic compounds that dissolve the cell walls of targeted plants". Unlike traditional herbicides, mycoherbicides can reproduce themselves and linger in the soil for many years to destroy replanted crops.

text:
# Mycoherbicide

A **mycoherbicide** is a herbicide based on a fungus. As a biological agent, these "mycoherbicides... work by producing toxic compounds that dissolve the cell walls of targeted plants". Unlike traditional herbicides, mycoherbicides can reproduce themselves and linger in the soil for many years to destroy replanted crops.

## Commercial weed control products

These include:

## Drug plants

In the United States House of Representatives, the Office of National Drug Control Policy Reauthorization Act of 2006 (H.R. 2829) passed with the inclusion of language to initiate research into the use of mycoherbicides against drug crops in foreign countries. In particular, the U.S. is considering using *Fusarium oxysporum* as a mycoherbicide against coca plants in Colombia. The United States Senate is currently drafting its own version of the bill.


title: NGC 7469

abstract: NGC 7469 is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation of Pegasus. NGC 7469 is located about 200 million light-years away from Earth, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that NGC 7469 is approximately 90,000 light-years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on November 12, 1784. NGC 7469 is a type I Seyfert galaxy, characterised by its bright nucleus. It is also a luminous infrared source with a powerful starburst embedded into its circumnuclear region. The coexistence of a circumnuclear starburst ring and an active galactic nucleus have turned NGC 7469 into a key target for studying their relation. NGC 7469 interacts with its smaller companion IC 5283, forming a pair collectively known in the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies as Arp 298. NGC 7469 is one of the first galaxies observed by the James Webb Space Telescope.

text:
# NGC 7469

**NGC 7469** is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation of Pegasus. NGC 7469 is located about 200 million light-years away from Earth, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that NGC 7469 is approximately 90,000 light-years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on November 12, 1784.

NGC 7469 is a type I Seyfert galaxy, characterised by its bright nucleus. It is also a luminous infrared source with a powerful starburst embedded into its circumnuclear region. The coexistence of a circumnuclear starburst ring and an active galactic nucleus have turned NGC 7469 into a key target for studying their relation. NGC 7469 interacts with its smaller companion IC 5283, forming a pair collectively known in the *Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies* as Arp 298. NGC 7469 is one of the first galaxies observed by the James Webb Space Telescope.

## Characteristics

### Active galactic nucleus

NGC 7469 is a type 1.2 Seyfert galaxy and one of the most well studied Seyfert galaxies. In 1943, this galaxy was one of six nebulae listed by American astronomer Carl K. Seyfert that showed broad emission lines in their nuclei. Members of this class of objects became known as Seyfert galaxies, and they were noted to have a higher than normal surface brightness in their nuclei. NGC 7469 was also noted to have very broad hydrogen lines. Type 1 Seyfert galaxies are identified as having broad emission lines and being radio-quiet active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the unified scheme suggested in the 1990s.

The most accepted theory for the energy source of AGNs is the presence of an accretion disk around a supermassive black hole. In the case of NGC 7469 the mass of the circumnuclear gas disk is nearly equal to that of the accretion disk. NGC 7469 is believed to host a supermassive black hole whose mass is estimated to be (12.2±1.4)×106  based on broad emission-line reverberation mapping or 6460000 M as measured based on velocity dispersion. Around the black hole there is a dust torus lying at a distance of 65-87 light days, based on K-band lag times.

The light curves of NGC 7469 feature variability, a phenomenon common among Seyfert galaxies, with significant variability along its spectrum. Various studies have monitored its X-ray, UV and optical spectrum for several months. A more long-term study of the variability was published in 2017, after monitoring the optical spectrum of NGC 7469 from 1996 to 2015. Maximum activity was observed in 1998, while several flare-likes events lasting 1–5 days took also place. The variability of the spectrum seems to have two periods of around 1200 and 2600 days. There were also observed time-lags, which were nearly 21 days for Hβ, 3 days for Ha, and 3 days for HeII.

It has been observed in the X-ray and ultraviolet that there is an outflow of ionised gas from the region of the nucleus. The total output of the outflow is estimated to be 0.06 M per year. Based on the spectrum of the outflow, it is composed of two elements, one with a velocity of 580–720 km/s and high ionisation and one with a velocity of 2300 km/s and lower ionisation. The location of the faster gas is from the space between the supermassive black hole and the inner part of the torus and it may be wind produced from the torus. The low velocity gas is a highly ionized, high-density absorber, located near the broad emission-line region. Its total column density is calculated to be 1020 per square centimetre.

Genzel et al. detected a 1.5 arcsecond ridge of blueshifted, radially streaming gas emanating southward from the nucleus, that can also be spotted in radio waves. It could be gas outflowing from the nucleus or material channeled from the ring to the nucleus. A small radio cone was also observed by Lonsdale et al.. They observed three spatially close sources in the nucleus, that may be explained as the nucleus with two radio jets in both sides emerging from the mid infrared disk.

### Starburst ring

Around the nucleus has been observed a ring of intense star formation. Its emission was first detected in radio waves by Ulvestad et al. in 1981 and has then been observed in infrared, and optical wavelengths. The ring accounts for up to two-thirds of the galaxy's bolometric luminosity (3×1011 *L*). The ring has a radius of 1".5 from the nucleus (500 pc). The intense star formation in NGC 7469 may be a result of the interaction with IC 5283 and the presence of a small bar, however it is caused by local gravitational instabilities and not non-circular motions. The star formation rate in the galaxy is estimated to be between 40 and 80 M/year.

The ring was observed in great detail by the Hubble Space Telescope. About 30 star clusters were observed, with masses ranging from 0.5 to over 10 million M, fitting the definition of super star clusters. Such massive star clusters have been observed in other starburst and luminous infrared galaxies too. Further examination of the properties of the clusters revealed they group in two populations, a population of intermediate age (~9–20 Myr) and less obscured (AV ≈ 1 mag) star clusters, accounting for the 75% of the total population, and a population of young (1–3 Myr) and extinct (AV ≈ 3 mag) star clusters. The young stars account for about the one other of the mass of the ring and most of the infrared luminosity. Their location is marked by mid infrared and radio waves peaks, with the two brightest coinciding spatially with the ends of the nuclear molecular gas bar. The total stellar mass of the ring was estimated not to exceed 3.5 × 109 M.

### Other characteristics

Observations in the millimetre wavelengths produced a CO 2-1 map, which featured a partial ring or spiral arms at a radius of 1."5–2."5 (500-800 parsec at the distance of NGC 7469), with a bar-like structure connecting them to the central source. In the centre of the galaxy has been resolved in the 2.3 μm C0 2-0 band a nuclear star cluster, which measures 0."15-0."25 across. It has asymmetric shape and its age is less than 60 million years. It accounts for 20%–30% of the nuclear K-band light and about 10% of the nuclear bolometric luminosity.

Aside the circumnuclear starburst ring, NGC 7469 features an inner spiral structure, about 33 arcseconds in diameter and a fainter outer ring, with a diameter of approximately 100 arcseconds. In Hα imaging, a number of star producing H II regions have been observed in the north arm of NGC 7469 but none at the south one, most likely due to the interaction with IC 5283.

## Supernovae

Two supernovae have been detected in NGC 7469: SN 2000ft, and SN 2008ec (Type Ia, mag. 17.6). SN 2000ft is the first radio supernova detected in the circumnuclear starburst of a luminous infrared Seyfert 1 galaxy, about 600 parsecs from its nucleus. Its evolution features characteristics of radio supernovae identified as type II supernovae. A visual counterpart was detected in images by the Hubble Space Telescope taken on May 13, 2000, at visual magnitude 19.2. Based on the rate of starburst activity in NGC 7469 it has been calculated that the core collapse supernova rate should be 0.8 supernova per year. However, observations of the circumnuclear ring of the galaxy in radiowaves failed to observe another radio supernova between 1998 and 2006, other than SN 2000ft. A possible reason is that most core collapse supernovae are radio quiet and cannot be detected against the galactic background emission (SN 2000ft had strong radio waves emission).

## Nearby galaxies

NGC 7469 forms a pair with its smaller companion IC 5283, a spiral galaxy with no nuclear activity 1'4 away. The tidal interaction between the two galaxies has created a prominent tail to the northeast and enhanced star formation on the eastern side as seen with Hα imaging of IC 5283 and is likely the cause of the star formation in NGC 7469. A gas bridge has been detected between the two galaxies in HI imaging and there is evidence that NGC 7469 is drawing gas from the disk of IC 5283. The galaxy pair is isolated.

It has been suggested that the pair is an outlying member of the Pegasus I galaxy cluster, whose most prominent members are the elliptical galaxies NGC 7619, and NGC 7626. However, based on redshift, they belong to a galaxy group lying behind the cluster. Other members of this group include the disk galaxies NGC 7511, NGC 7515, NGC 7529, NGC 7535, NGC 7536, NGC 7570, NGC 7580, and NGC 7591. The group may be associated with the Perseus–Pisces Supercluster.

## InfoBox

| NGC 7469 | |
| --- | --- |
| NGC 7469 (lower left) and IC 5283 (upper right) by Hubble Space Telescope | |
| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Pegasus |
| Right ascension | 23h 03m 15.6s |
| Declination | +08° 42 26 |
| Redshift | 0.016317 ± 0.000007 |
| Heliocentric radial velocity | 4,892 ± 2 km/s |
| Distance | 195 ± 65.6 Mly (60.0 ± 20.1 Mpc) |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 12.3 |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | (R')SAB(rs)a |
| Apparent size (V) | 1.5 × 1.1 |
| Notable features | Seyfert galaxy |
| Other designations | |
| UGC 12332, Arp 298, Mrk 1514, MCG +01-58-025, PGC 70348 | |


title: Po!

abstract: Po! are an indie rock band formed in Leicester, England in 1987, with releases dating up to 1998 on Rutland Records, Sunday Records in the US and Elefant Records in Spain.

text:
# Po!

**Po!** are an indie rock band formed in Leicester, England in 1987, with releases dating up to 1998 on Rutland Records, Sunday Records in the US and Elefant Records in Spain.

## History

Po! was originally formed by Ruth Miller (vocals and guitar), with Julian Glover (bass) and Mark Fuccio (drums). Usually subsumed under the C86 or twee pop headings - which is not essentially to misrepresent them - they possessed considerable originality. In particular, the themes of misogyny, disappointment, and nostalgia act as a counterpoint to the vocals, melodies, and jangly guitars so characteristic of the genre.

Part of the fanzine scene, Po!'s first release was the flexidisc *Hopscotch in the Snow*, which a Leicestershire fanzine *Samantha* produced from locally recorded demos in 1987. Jan Frazer replaced Fuccio on drums for this recording. This was picked up by BBC Radio 1 DJ John Peel, and provoked some interest. In 1988 Po! released another flexidisc, this time shared with The Originals, who played the backing instruments on 'Glass King'. There followed an album, released on the band's own Rutland Records label, entitled *Little Stones*, 1000 copies of which were pressed. It cost just £20 to record. The backing tracks were recorded on a Tascam reel-to-reel four-track at MikTon Studios (a former factory at 45 Chatham Street, Leicester; now private flats).The backing musicians for Little Stones were members of The Originals; Yvonne Blair (drums & percussion); Kevin Young (Guitar); Terri Lowe (Guitars, Bass Guitar). Equipment was supplied by Lowe and borrowed from Phil Hudson, the sound engineer at The Princess Charlotte, the premier music venue in Leicester. Bob Dylan, an influence, was represented in the form of a cover version of "All I Really Wanna Do", which featured a black 12-string Rickenbacker guitar.

Ruth continued to play, bringing in Mary Mills (Bass Guitar) and Jan Frazer returned on Drums. Frazer left and Lowe was added on Guitar, with Craig Williamson on Drums. This line-up recorded a 7 inch single for Sunday Records; Sunday Never Comes Around / Fay. This line-up lasted for a year before Miller and Lowe spent two years playing with Ruth's Refrigerator. Miller then reconstituted Po!, again with Lowe on guitar, Paul Knight (drums), and Gary Gilchrist (bass), in which configuration they produced the album *Ducks and Drakes*, and several EPs. Most of these releases were recorded at White House Studio in Syston, near Leicester, and produced by Mike Miller (no relation). During this period Po! recorded sessions for BBC West Midlands (6 songs, 5 of which were broadcast) and Radio Leicester (6 songs performed in an unplugged session).

In 1994, the band recorded a Peel session. This was broadcast in April and repeated in June. Two years later there followed *Not Marked on the Ordnance Map*, by which time Gilchrist had been asked to leave and Lowe taken on bass and guitar duties. Penny Holmes contributed backing vocals and oboe on parts of this album. Lowe added backing vocals on 'Summer Got Angry'. For live work Steve Cooke (formerly of The Swinging Laurels) played bass; he left before work began in 1997 on *The Alphabet EP* which was released in September and which the *NME* journalist Steven Wells made 'Single of the Week'. The last album was 'Horse Blanket Weather', released to coincide with a short tour in summer 1998. This album was recorded by Angus Wallace at Far Heath Studio in Northamptonshire. Further isolated tracks appeared on compilations.

Between 2004 and 2006 Lowe compiled a 33 track double CD of all the existing material which had not been issued in a digital format. This included the various BBC sessions, rare acoustic tracks, early demo tracks, out-takes from the Northern Wonder/No Flowers session which featured a string quartet, two tracks recorded live at Norwich Arts Centre in 1994 and various other extremely rare recordings. This compilation, called 'Rain and Ruin' was never released. Private copies of the tracks have been given to the Leicester and Leicestershire Museums and Record Office.

Miller, who played the character of Bridget in the comedy soap opera "Chez Lester", broadcast on the Cable 7 community TV channel, was married and had two children with Lowe, but later divorced. Miller subsequently worked as a deputy headmistress and in 2021 launched the Leicester-based *Unglamorous* project to mentor women through the process of starting their own bands, also fronting a punk rock group The Verinos for a time before her death in 2023.

## Discography

### Albums

* *Little Stones* (1989, LP)
* *Bedroom Tapes Vol.1* (1989, cassette)
* *Bedroom Tapes Vol.2* (1990, cassette)
* *Bedroom Tapes Vol.3* (19??, cassette)
* *Fragile Debris* (compilation) (19??, cassette)
* *Live In Leicester* (1992, cassette)
* *Ducks And Drakes* (1993, cd/lp)
* *Not Marked On The Ordnance Map* (1996, cd/lp)
* *Bedroom Tapes Vol.4* (19??, cassette)
* *Past Perfect Tense* (compilation) (1997, cd)
* *Horse Blanket Weather* (1998, cd)

### Singles

* "Hop-scotch In The Snow EP" (flexi-disc) (1988)
* "Glass King" / "Japan" by The Originals (flexi-disc) (1989)
* "Fay" (US release on Sunday Records) (1991)
* "Fay" (1992)
* "Tina" (Split flexi-disc cw Balloon Farm, Applicants and St. Christopher) (1992)
* "Northern Wonder" (1994)

### EPs

* *Grains Of Sand* (1991)
* *Treasure* (1992)
* *Ghost of The Green Grass* (1992)
* *A Page A Day* (1996)
* *The Alphabet* (1997)


title: Friedrich Mallinckrodt

abstract: Leutnant Friedrich von Mallinckrodt was a German World War I test pilot and flying ace credited with six aerial victories.

text:
# Friedrich Mallinckrodt

Leutnant **Friedrich von Mallinckrodt** (15 August 1894 – 2 August 1941) was a German World War I test pilot and flying ace credited with six aerial victories.

## Biography

### Early life

Friedrich von Mallinckrodt was born on 15 August 1894 in Essen, the German Empire.

### Military service

Friedrich von Mallinckrodt served in the infantry in the 70th Regiment of Foot, in which he enlisted before the war. In May 1915 he was commissioned as a *Leutnant*. On 6 July 1915 he transferred to the *Luftstreitkräfte*.

On 12 December 1915 he was the pilot on the first test flight of the Junkers J 1, the world's first all-metal aircraft.

After training, beginning in January 1916, he served in the 5th *Kagohl*, a tactical bomber wing. By April 1916, he was transferred to an ad hoc fighter unit, *Kampfeinsitzerkommando Sivry* (Combat Single-Seater Command Sivry). While near Verdun on 30 April, he claimed his first enemy aircraft shot down; the victory went unconfirmed. On 10 September, he was posted to a fighter squadron, *Jagdstaffel 6*. He would not score his first official victory until 28 October 1916, when he downed a Caudron over Villeselve. Once returned to *Jasta 6*, he had another unconfirmed victory on 30 December 1916.

Mallinckrodt scored his second confirmed win, over a Sopwith 1 1/2 Strutter on 4 January 1917. His combat career was interrupted by a brief stint as an instructor at the *Jastaschule* at Valenciennes. He then transferred to another fighter squadron, *Jagdstaffel 20*. In March 1917, he got four confirmed victories in an eight-day stretch, to bring his total tally to six. On 30 April, he was wounded for the fifth time; this one was severe enough to remove him from combat duty. After recovery, he was assigned to the Technical Commission of the *Luftstreitkräfte* for the remainder of the war.

Friedrich Mallinckrodt was awarded the Knight's Cross of the House Order of Hohenzollern. As German medals were awarded in a progressive fashion, this meant that he almost certainly won both classes of the Iron Cross. Also, five wounds should have qualified him for the Wound Badge.

### Later life

Following WWI, Mallinckrodt was employed by Fokker as a test pilot. He began an affair with Anthony Fokker's wife Elisabeth "Tetta" von Morgen, precipitating Fokker to divorce her on 11 October 1923. Mallinckrodt and Tetta were married in Berlin on 18 December 1923, but their marriage lasted only two years.

During the Second World War he served as a Major at the Luftwaffe Air Force Test Center at Rechlin–Lärz Airfield. He died in a plane crash on 2 August 1941 northeast of Rechlin and was buried in the Stahnsdorf South-Western Cemetery.

Friedrich von Mallinckrodt

## InfoBox

| Friedrich von Mallinckrodt | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1894-08-15)15 August 1894
Essen, German Empire |
| Died | 2 August 1941(1941-08-02) (aged 46) |
| Allegiance | German Empire
Kaiser Wilhelm II |
| Service/branch | *Fliegertruppen/Luftstreitkräfte* |
| Rank | *Leutnant* (Lieutenant) |
| Unit | *Kampfeinsitzerkommando Sivry* (Combat Single-Seater Command Sivry),
*Jagdstaffel 6*,
*Jagdstaffel 20* |
| Awards | Royal House Order of Hohenzollern |


title: Metarhizium granulomatis

abstract: Metarhizium granulomatis is a fungus in the family Clavicipitaceae associated with systemic mycosis in veiled chameleons. The genus Metarhizium is known to infect arthropods, and collectively are referred to green-spored asexual pathogenic fungi. This species grows near the roots of plants and has been reported as an agent of disease in captive veiled chameleons. The etymology of the species epithet, "granulomatis" refers to the ability of the fungus to cause granulomatous disease in susceptible reptiles.

text:
# Metarhizium granulomatis

***Metarhizium granulomatis*** is a fungus in the family Clavicipitaceae associated with systemic mycosis in veiled chameleons. The genus *Metarhizium* is known to infect arthropods, and collectively are referred to green-spored asexual pathogenic fungi. This species grows near the roots of plants and has been reported as an agent of disease in captive veiled chameleons. The etymology of the species epithet, "granulomatis" refers to the ability of the fungus to cause granulomatous disease in susceptible reptiles.

## History and taxonomy

Originally named *Chameleomyces granulomatis*, *M. granulomatis* resembles *Paecilomyces viridis*. Because of the polyphyletic nature of the genus *Paecilomyces* Sigler and co-workers decided this species was better accommodated in a new genus in the family Clavicipitaceae. The first documented case of *M. granulomatis* was seen in the Copenhagen Zoo, showing morphology similar to *Metarhizium viride* (previously called *P. viridis*). This fungus causes fatal disseminated mycosis in veiled chameleons (*Chamaeleo calyptratus*). Small subunit 18S rDNA (SSU), nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, and domains D2 and D2 of the large subunit 28S rDNA (LSU) were used to demarcate the fungal species *M. granulomatis* and differentiate it from closely related species, particularly *M. viride*.

## Growth and morphology

Colonies of *M. granulomatis* differ in morphology depending on the growth medium used. Colonies on Potato dextrose agar (PDA) after 3 days incubation at 30 °C (86 °F) are white in colour and reach 3 mm in diameter. Cultures developed on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) are similar in appearance although they grow more slowly on this medium. After 10 days, colonies on PDA reached a diameter of 27 mm and produced a diffusible brownish-grey pigment. Colonies the SDA are 12 mm in diameter and grey-ochre in colour. The hyphae of *M. granulomatis* are septate and bear phialides that have single apical openings (monophialides) resembling a wine bottle. The conidia produced are in short, curved, chains, appearing glassy and smooth. Conidia are spherical-to-oval and 3.3-3.8 μm in length by 1.2-1.6 μm in width. The fungus produces a yeast-like stage in vitro on PDA after 3 days incubation at 35°C.

## Pathogenicity

*Metarhizium granulomatis* is a rare fatal disease that infects veiled chameleons. Similar symptoms of disease are seen in *M. viride*. Common clinical signs seen in the veiled chameleons for this fungal disease are anorexia, hemorrhages in the tongue, necrotic toes, and ulcerative skin lesions. When observing the organs commonly infected, including the visceral organs, granulomas, glossitis, pharyngitis are seen. After death, cultures from the veiled lizard can be taken from the tongue, liver, lung, heart, kidney, small and large intestines. 1 to 3 mm spherical yeast-like yellow-to-white nodules are visible in the lung, liver and kidney.

## Antifungal treatment

Treatment with nystatin and/or terbinafine may prevent further spreading or infection. When isolated most isolates susceptible to terbinafine, clotrimazole, amphotericin B, voriconazole and posaconazole. Although *M. granulomatis* is also resistant to some of the antifungals previously mentioned such as amphotericin B, voriconazole, fluconazole, and itraconazole.

## InfoBox

| *Metarhizium granulomatis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Sordariomycetes |
| Order: | Hypocreales |
| Family: | Clavicipitaceae |
| Genus: | *Metarhizium* |
| Species: | ***M. granulomatis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Metarhizium granulomatis***<br>(Sigler) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (2014) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Chamaeleomyces granulomatis* Sigler (2010) | |


title: Nicolae Reuter

abstract: Nicolae Reuter was a Romanian footballer who played as a striker. He scored two goals in the 4–0 victory in the 1943 Cupa României final against Sportul Studențesc București, which helped CFR Turnu Severin win the first trophy in the club's history. After he ended his playing career, Reuter worked as a manager.

text:
# Nicolae Reuter

**Nicolae Reuter** (born 6 December 1914) was a Romanian footballer who played as a striker. He scored two goals in the 4–0 victory in the 1943 Cupa României final against Sportul Studențesc București, which helped CFR Turnu Severin win the first trophy in the club's history. After he ended his playing career, Reuter worked as a manager.

## International career

While playing in the second league for CAM Timișoara Nicolae Reuter made his debut at international level for Romania in a friendly which ended with a 4–0 victory against Latvia. At the 1946 Balkan Cup he played three games and scored two goals against Bulgaria and Yugoslavia, he also played two matches at the 1947 Balkan Cup.

## Honours

### Player

**CAM Timișoara**

**CFR Turnu Severin**

**CFR Timișoara**

## InfoBox

Nicolae Reuter
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1914-12-06)6 December 1914 | | |
| Place of birth | Temesvár, Austria-Hungary | | |
| Date of death | 1996 (aged 82) | | |
| Position(s) | Striker | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1938–1941 | CAM Timișoara |  |  |
| 1942–1944 | CFR Turnu Severin |  |  |
| 1944–1952 | CFR Timișoara |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1939–1947 | Romania | 14 | (2) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 1961 | Politehnica Timișoara | | |
| 1963–1964 | Politehnica Timișoara | | |
| 1966–1972 | Politehnica Timișoara | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Helen Watson (singer-songwriter)

abstract: Helen Watson is an English singer-songwriter. Her music encompasses blues, soul, jazz, pop and folk.

text:
# Helen Watson (singer-songwriter)

**Helen Watson** is an English singer-songwriter. Her music encompasses blues, soul, jazz, pop and folk.

## Biography

Born in Manchester, she began performing on the folk-club circuit during the late 1960s whilst working as a teacher in Manchester. During the 1970s and 1980s she was a singer with blues band Loose Lips and a member of the Manchester quartet Well Knit Frames, which also included Martin McGroarty (who would become her regular writing partner). Watson was also a backing singer with Carmel on an extensive world tour. She sang on several of Suns of Arqa's early LPs (*Musical Revue*, *Wadada Magic*, *India?*) which were released between 1983 and 1984.

Watson made a demo tape with McGroarty which found its way to Keith Hopwood at Pluto Music. Hopwood signed Watson and introduced her to music publisher and manager Deke Arlon. Soon afterwards, Watson signed with EMI Records, releasing her debut album *Blue Slipper* in 1987. Produced by Glyn Johns, the record featured contributions from various notable musicians including Bill Payne, Richie Hayward, Paul Barrere, George Hawkins, Michael Landau, Steve Lukather and Bernie Leadon (the first time that members of Little Feat had played together since the death of Lowell George).

A second album, *The Weather Inside*, came out in 1989, again produced by Glyn Johns with the same cast of session musicians and featuring Andy Fairweather-Low. Whilst signed to EMI, Watson toured supporting Joe Cocker and Black.

Watson signed to RCA for 1992's *Companion Gal*, which was recorded at the Rockfield Studios in Wales. Andy Fairweather-Low once again lent his talents, as did Brinsley Schwarz. In support of the album, Watson played shows at the Half Moon in Putney, the Band on the Wall and London's Tenor Clef. Lack of interest at the record company meant Watson's days working with major labels came to an end shortly afterwards.

She spent the next three years working with Christine Collister, Barb Jungr and Michael Parker as part of Hell Bent Heaven Bound, which toured the United States, Canada and Europe (and released an album of songs from the show in 1993). Watson also formed an all-female group called Daphne's Flight, (with Christine Collister, Melanie Harrold, Julie Matthews and Chris While), releasing an eponymous album in 1995.

In the ensuing decade, Watson released several albums which were mostly acoustic folk music, and toured the UK regularly. She continued to work with other artists, notably Emmylou Harris and Linda Ronstadt on their 1999 album *Western Wall: The Tucson Sessions*. Watson also produced Christine Collister's 1996 album *Blue Aconite* and appeared on releases by Ashley Hutchings.

In December 2006, Watson completed another tour of smaller venues in the UK, including shows with David Hughes and Christine Collister. From March to May 2007, she toured as singer with Snake Davis's band Burden of Paradise before returning to solo shows in July of that year. In 2008, she released the album *Headrest*. Two years later she released an EP, *Fiver* with five original songs.

## Solo discography

## InfoBox

| Helen Watson | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Manchester, England |
| Genres | Folk, blues, soul, jazz, pop |
| Occupation(s) | Singer, songwriter |
| Years active | 1960s–present |
| Labels | EMI/Columbia, RCA Records, Building Records, Fledg'ling Records |
|  | |
| Website | Official website |


title: Mącznik, Pomeranian Voivodeship

abstract: Mącznik is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Ustka, within Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

text:
# Mącznik, Pomeranian Voivodeship

**Mącznik** \[ˈmɔnt͡ʂnik\] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Ustka, within Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

## InfoBox

| Mącznik | |
| --- | --- |
| Settlement | |
| Wayside shrine in Mącznik | |
| Mącznik | |
| Coordinates: 54°22′47″N 16°58′45″E / 54.37972°N 16.97917°E / 54.37972; 16.97917 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Pomeranian |
| County | Słupsk |
| Gmina | Ustka |


title: NATO headquarters

abstract: The NATO headquarters is the political and administrative center of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). After previous locations in London and Paris, it has been headquartered in Brussels since 1967, in a complex in Haren, part of the City of Brussels, along the Boulevard Léopold III/Leopold III-laan. The staff at the headquarters is composed of national delegations of NATO member states and includes civilian and military liaison offices and officers or diplomatic missions and diplomats of partner countries, as well as the International Staff (IS) and International Military Staff (IMS) filled from serving members of the armed forces of member states. Non-governmental citizens' groups have also grown up in support of NATO, broadly under the banner of the Atlantic Council/Atlantic Treaty Association movement.

text:
# NATO headquarters

The **NATO headquarters** is the political and administrative center of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). After previous locations in London and Paris, it has been headquartered in Brussels since 1967, in a complex in Haren, part of the City of Brussels, along the Boulevard Léopold III/Leopold III-laan.

The staff at the headquarters is composed of national delegations of NATO member states and includes civilian and military liaison offices and officers or diplomatic missions and diplomats of partner countries, as well as the International Staff (IS) and International Military Staff (IMS) filled from serving members of the armed forces of member states. Non-governmental citizens' groups have also grown up in support of NATO, broadly under the banner of the Atlantic Council/Atlantic Treaty Association movement.

## History

### 1949–1952: London

When NATO was established in 1949, London was the first location chosen for its headquarters. A 19th-century mansion designed by the architect Thomas Cubitt at 13 Belgrave Square, in the heart of the city's Belgravia neighborhood, was made available to the organization. Nowadays, this building houses the Ghana High Commission.

### 1952–1967: Paris

#### 1952–1959: Temporary premises

Temporary NATO annex, in use from 1952 to 1959, constructed along the reflecting pool of the Palais de Chaillot in the Trocadéro, ParisSigning of NATO membership invitation to West Germany at the Palais de Chaillot, 1954

On 15 September 1950, at a meeting of the North Atlantic Council in New York City, it was decided to establish the headquarters in Paris, mainly because of the city's central position and its excellent means of communication. The move was officialized on 1 April 1952, coinciding with NATO's third anniversary. In Paris, the organization initially occupied temporary premises constructed along the reflecting pool of the Palais de Chaillot in the Trocadéro, located across the Seine from the Eiffel Tower, in the 16th arrondissement.

#### 1959–1967: Permanent premises

A permanent building, donated by France in April 1954, was constructed at Porte Dauphine in the 16th arrondissement, just off the Boulevard Périphérique and in the immediate vicinity of the Bois de Boulogne. The Palais Dauphine, also known as the Palais de l'OTAN ("NATO Palace"), was built between 1955 and 1957, according to the plans of the architect Jacques Carlu, who had also previously designed the Palais de Chaillot. The building was A-shaped, denoting 'alliance' or 'allies'. The organization moved there in 1959, only to leave it a few years later. The building now serves as the main campus of Paris Dauphine University.

### 1967–present: Brussels

#### 1967–2017: Temporary premises

Following France's decision to withdraw from NATO's Military Command Structure in 1966, the organization was once again forced to move its headquarters. In December of that year, the organization took the decision to set up its new headquarters in Brussels. Originally planned on the Heysel/Heizel Plateau in Laeken, they were "temporarily" built on the Boulevard Léopold III/Leopold III-laan in the former municipality of Haren (merged like Laeken with the City of Brussels), in the north-eastern part of Brussels.

After an international call for tenders, NATO entrusted the construction of these new headquarters, in March 1967, to two Belgian-German-Dutch joint ventures. Work began immediately and was completed twenty-nine weeks later. The site, owned by the Belgian Government and symbolically rented to NATO, was inaugurated on 16 October 1967.

#### 2017–present: Permanent premises

Problems in the original building stemmed from its hurried construction in 1967. In 1999, during the Washington Summit, the Heads of State and Government of the allied countries decided to replace the building with headquarters adapted to 21st-century needs. It was then decided to build new headquarters located just opposite the current ones on the site of the old terminals of the Haren 6 airfield.

A new €750 million headquarters building was constructed over the period between 2010 and summer 2016, and was dedicated on 25 May 2017 with a ceremony in the presence of allied Heads of State. Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg addressed the crowd, while then-US President Donald Trump hectored some among the crowd over their failure to live up to the 2% GDP target required by NATO spending rules. The cost of the new headquarters building escalated to about €1.1 billion.

The complex was designed by an international design consortium led by the US Firm of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, including Jo Palma. Both Design and Construction were completed under the auspices of the Belgian Ministry of Defense's Project Management Team led by Colonel Christian LaNotte, Belgian Army Engineers. Project Financing and Requirements definition as well as the Design and Construction Phases were overseen for NATO by its HQ Project Office, led by Donald Hutchins (CAPT, US Navy Civil Engineer Corps, Retired) during the design Phase and Brigadier General Anthony Carruth, (British Army Engineer, Retired) during construction.

## Overview

Situated along the Boulevard Léopold III in Haren, part of the City of Brussels, the headquarters include 250,000 m2 (2,700,000 sq ft) of floor space, and is office and home to an international staff of 3,800. The Boulevard Léopold III is a major dual carriageway linking via the A201 motorway the center of Brussels to its airport, the latter being located just over 1 km (0.62 mi) from the NATO site. Access can be done by taking the STIB/MIVB bus lines 12, 21, 65 and the tram line 62, as well as the De Lijn network. The site is also approximately 80 km (50 mi) north of NATO's military headquarters in Casteau, near Mons, still called Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE), although it now houses Allied Command Operations, which directs NATO's military operations worldwide.

The staff at the Brussels headquarters primarily supports the North Atlantic Council and its subsidiary organisms. The International Staff provides advice, guidance, and administrative support to the NATO Secretary General. It works closely with the International Military Staff (IMS). The first is primarily civilian; the second, primarily military, filled from serving members of the armed forces of member states. The IMS works to the instructions of the senior military body of the Alliance, the Military Committee, and its Chairman. There are also a host of national delegations; liaison offices, and diplomatic missions attached to the headquarters.

### Footnotes

### Citations

1. "NATO homepage". Retrieved 12 March 2006.
2. "NATO Headquarters". Nato.int. 10 August 2010. Retrieved 22 August 2010.
3. "Ghana High Commission Ghana High Commission is set to co ordinate". *Brazil Consulate*. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
4. "NATO Media Library: Opening of NATO Headquarters at Palais de Chaillot - 16 April 1952".
5. NATO. "NATO's homes". *NATO*. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
6. "Lieux oubliés: l'université Paris-Dauphine, «Sous les cahiers, l'héritage?»". *RFI* (in French). 14 August 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
7. Collins 2011, p. 26.
8. Le Blévennec, François (August 2007). "The Big Move". *NATO Review*. Archived from the original on 11 September 2007. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
9. Isby & Kamps 1985, p. 13.
10. *Le siège de l'OTAN fête ses trente ans en Belgique* (in French), Revue de l'OTAN, vol. 45, no 5, September–October 1997, p. 34–35
11. NATO (February 2017). "New NATO HQ" (PDF). *www.nato.int*. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
12. NATO. "Why Belgium?". *NATO*. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
13. "NATO's new headquarters". NATO. 23 May 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
14. Mayo, Virginia (13 November 2014). "NATO shows off its new HQ-to-be". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 8 June 2015. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
15. "Watch: President Trump's speech at NATO HQ". CBS News. 25 May 2017.
16. Wragg 1973, p. 241.

### Bibliography

* Collins, Brian J. (2011). *Nato: A Guide to the Issues*. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-35491-5.
* Isby, David C.; Kamps, Charles Jr. (1985). *Armies of NATO's Central Front*. Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-0341-8.
* Wragg, David W. (1973). *A Dictionary of Aviation* (first ed.). Osprey. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-85045-163-4.

## InfoBox

| NATO Headquarters | |
| --- | --- |
| Aerial view of NATO headquarters in Haren, Brussels | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Type | Office, conference building |
| Address | Boulevard Léopold III / Leopold III-laan |
| Town or city | 1110 Haren, City of Brussels, Brussels-Capital Region |
| Country | Belgium |
| Coordinates | 50°52′45″N 4°25′30″E / 50.87917°N 4.42500°E / 50.87917; 4.42500 |
| Construction started | 2010 (2010) |
| Completed | 2016 |
| Inaugurated | 25 May 2017 |
| Owner | North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) |


title: Amauris

abstract: Amauris is a genus of nymphalid butterflies in the Danainae subfamily. Amauris niavius niavius, Amauris echeria jacksoni, and Amauris dominicanus are mimicked by Papilio dardanus females. Other mimics of Amauris are found among other species of Papilio, the nymphaline genus Pseudacraea, and Hypolimnas anthedon.

text:
# Amauris

***Amauris*** is a genus of nymphalid butterflies in the Danainae subfamily. *Amauris niavius niavius*, *Amauris echeria jacksoni*, and *Amauris dominicanus* are mimicked by *Papilio dardanus* females. Other mimics of *Amauris* are found among other species of *Papilio*, the nymphaline genus *Pseudacraea*, and *Hypolimnas anthedon*.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Amauris* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *A. ochlea* female | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Subtribe: | Danaina |
| Genus: | *Amauris*<br>Hübner, 1816 |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Amaura*  Geyer, 1837 * *Amaurina*  Aurivillius, 1910 nec Kolbe, 1895 * *Berethis*  Moore, 1883 * *Cadytis*  Moore, 1883 * *Conoploea*  Guenée, 1865 * *Egialea*  Hemming, 1964 * *Nebroda*  Moore, 1883 * *Panamauris*  Bryk, 1937 | |


title: Friedrich Oskar Giesel

abstract: Friedrich Oskar Giesel was a German organic chemist. During his work in a quinine factory in the late 1890s, he started to work on the at-that-time-new field of radiochemistry and started the production of radium. In the period between 1902 and 1904, he was able to isolate a new element emanium. In a now controversially reviewed process, it was stated that emanium is identical to actinium, which was discovered by André-Louis Debierne in 1899.

text:
# Friedrich Oskar Giesel

**Friedrich Oskar Giesel** (20 May 1852  13 November 1927, known as **Fritz**) was a German organic chemist. During his work in a quinine factory in the late 1890s, he started to work on the at-that-time-new field of radiochemistry and started the production of radium. In the period between 1902 and 1904, he was able to isolate a new element emanium. In a now controversially reviewed process, it was stated that emanium is identical to actinium, which was discovered by André-Louis Debierne in 1899.

## Life and work

After studying in Berlin with Carl Liebermann, he received his Ph.D at the University of Göttingen. Giesel worked at the Chininfabrik Braunschweig. Besides his work in the factory, Giesel's focus was on radiochemistry. Shortly after publication of the discovery of polonium in the summer of 1898, he started to isolate the new element from the waste of uranium production in the chemical plant E. de Haën in Hanover. By March 1899 he could present the first radium to the chemical society of Braunschweig and by mid-1899 he published his results on radium. Giesel improved the separation of radium from barium by using the bromides instead of the chlorides for the fractional crystallization. He produced large quantities of pure radium and polonium for commercial applications from uranium ore. Even William Ramsay and Frederick Soddy were buying radium from the factory of Giesel.

> What I have since dubbed the Isenthal 'manna' was in fact the first consignment of pure radium compounds that Giesel of the Chinin Fabrik of Brunswick was putting on the market and the price I paid for it was about eight shillings a milligram of radium bromide (50 per cent pure radium).
>
> Frederick Soddy

The use of Sidot's blende (zinc sulfide) instead of barium platinocyanide as a luminescence material to make the radioactive rays visible was a commonly accepted improvement. He did several self-experiments with radioactive substances and was able to affirm the damaging effects of radioactive radiation on skin. Because of prolonged contact with radioactive material, fingers of his right hand had to be amputated and he suffered from lung cancer. He died of lung cancer in 1927. His name was included on the *Monument to the X-ray and Radium Martyrs of All Nations* erected in Hamburg, Germany in 1936.

### The discovery of emanium

Giesel isolated from pitchblende a lanthanum-containing fraction which showed unique properties. He produced several compounds of the new element, and after studying for two years he was confident enough to give the new element the name **emanium**. He was aware of the discovery of actinium by André-Louis Debierne. In publications from 1899 and 1900 Debierne does not give the exact procedures to obtain actinium, but from the description of chemical properties which he described as similar to titanium (1899) or similar to thorium (1900) it was clear for Giesel that the two elements must be different. A later comparison of the two elements by Otto Hahn, Otto Sackur and others showed that the two elements were identical. Debierne's name was retained because it had seniority.

Giesel stated in one of his publications that the sample Debierne provided for the comparison was a lanthanum fraction obtained by the same process he used and not the titanium or thorium fractions from earlier publications. This fact never led to an open controversy but the history of the discovery stayed questionable, and publications from 1971 argue that the claims of André-Louis Debierne in 1904 conflict with the publications in 1899 and 1900, making Giesel the real discoverer of actinium.

A less confrontational vision of scientific discovery is proposed by Adloff. He suggests that hindsight criticism of the early publications should be mitigated by the nascent state of radiochemistry, highlights the prudence of Debierne's claims in the original papers, and notes that nobody can contend that Debierne's substance did not contain actinium. Debierne, who is now considered by the vast majority of historians as the discoverer, lost interest in the element and left the topic. Giesel, on the other hand, can rightfully be credited with the first preparation of radiochemically pure actinium and with the identification of its atomic number 89.

* Schneider, Theodor (1964), "Giesel, Friedrich", *Neue Deutsche Biographie* (in German), vol. 6, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 387–387

## InfoBox

| Friedrich Oskar Giesel | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1852-05-20)20 May 1852
Winzig, Germany |
| Died | 13 November 1927(1927-11-13) (aged 75)
Braunschweig Germany |
| Nationality | German |
| Known for | discovery of actinium |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | radiochemistry |
|  | |


abstract: The Mental Health Research Institute (MHRI) is a former Australian medical research institute that was focused upon improving the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of major mental disorders. The MHRI was active between 1956 and 2012, when it was merged with the Florey Neuroscience Institutes to form the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health. Based in Melbourne, Victoria, the research efforts of the MHRI were focused on understanding schizophrenia, bipolar and major mood disorders, and Alzheimer's disease.

text:
# Mental Health Research Institute (Melbourne)

The **Mental Health Research Institute** (MHRI) is a former Australian medical research institute that was focused upon improving the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of major mental disorders. The MHRI was active between 1956 and 2012, when it was merged with the Florey Neuroscience Institutes to form the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health. Based in Melbourne, Victoria, the research efforts of the MHRI were focused on understanding schizophrenia, bipolar and major mood disorders, and Alzheimer's disease.

## History

The Mental Health Research Institute was founded in 1956 as part of the Victorian Health Department. At that time the Institute specialised in common mental disorders in the community, with a focus on risk factors, prevention and appropriate treatment. The building was located close to the original Royal Park Hospital in Parkville.

A working party established in 1983 recommended that a major expansion and re-organisation should take place. This resulted in more emphasis on neuroscience and the creation of a fully independent research organisation. In 1987 the Institute was incorporated in Victoria, and subsequently grew rapidly from an initial staff of three to over 100 staff prior to its merger. A modern neuroscientific research centre was completed in 1994 at a cost of A$5.5 million. Prior to its merger, the Institute occupied a purpose built facility that houses clinical and research laboratories with strong molecular and in-vivo capabilities.

Prior to its amalgamation, the MHRI was a fully accredited as an independent medical research institute by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) and was affiliated with the University of Melbourne, the Royal Melbourne Hospital and Monash University. MHRI also promoted postgraduate psychiatry training through its association with the university sector. The Institute attracted competitive research funding from national and international sources and is internationally respected for its laboratory and clinical work. World leading researchers regularly visited MHRI as part of the Visiting Professors program.

In 2012, with the amalgamation of the Mental Health Research Institute and the Florey Neuroscience Institutes, the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health was formed. Research at the merged Florey Institute includes psychiatric conditions such as depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, and on neurodegenerative illnesses, particularly Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.

## InfoBox

Mental Health Research Institute
| Established | 1956 (1956) |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
| Dissolved | 2012 |


title: Ronald J. Norick Downtown Library

abstract: The Ronald J. Norick Downtown Library is a library affiliated with the Metropolitan Library System in downtown Oklahoma City, in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The four-story, 114,130 square-foot library, opened on August 17, 2004. The building is named after former mayor Ron Norick, and cost approximately $21.5 million to construct. The nine-year effort to stop rainwater from leaking into the building was completed in 2009.

text:
# Ronald J. Norick Downtown Library

The **Ronald J. Norick Downtown Library** is a library affiliated with the Metropolitan Library System in downtown Oklahoma City, in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The four-story, 114,130 square-foot library, opened on August 17, 2004.

The building is named after former mayor Ron Norick, and cost approximately $21.5 million to construct. The nine-year effort to stop rainwater from leaking into the building was completed in 2009.

## InfoBox

| Ronald J. Norick Downtown Library | |
| --- | --- |
| The building's exterior in 2013 | |
|  | |
| 35°28′7″N 97°31′7″W / 35.46861°N 97.51861°W / 35.46861; -97.51861 | |
| Location | Oklahoma City, United States |
| Type | Library |
| Other information | |
| Affiliation | Metropolitan Library System |


title: Yet (song)

abstract: "Yet" is a song written by Sonny LeMaire and Randy Sharp, and recorded by American country music group Exile. It was released in August 1990 as the third single from their album Still Standing. The song reached number 7 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in November 1990.

text:
# Yet (song)

"**Yet**" is a song written by Sonny LeMaire and Randy Sharp, and recorded by American country music group Exile. It was released in August 1990 as the third single from their album *Still Standing*. The song reached number 7 on the *Billboard* Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in November 1990.

## Critical reception

Lisa Smith and Cyndi Hoelzle of *Gavin Report* described the song favorably, saying that "This slow, desperate song builds 'til you find yourself rooting for the guy, dying to know how it all turns out."

## Chart performance

| Chart (1990) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Canada Country Tracks (*RPM*) | 5 |
| US Hot Country Songs (*Billboard*) | 7 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1990) | Position |
| --- | --- |
| Canada Country Tracks (*RPM*) | 58 |

## InfoBox

| "Yet" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Exile | |
| from the album  *Still Standing* | |
| B-side | "Show Me" |
| Released | August 1990 |
| Genre | Country |
| Length | 4:21 |
| Label | Arista |
| Songwriter(s) | Sonny LeMaire
Randy Sharp |
| Producer(s) | Randy Sharp, Tim DuBois |
| Exile singles chronology | |
| "Nobody's Talking"
(1990) "**Yet**"
(1990) "There You Go"
(1990) | |


title: NQ Vulpeculae

abstract: NQ Vulpeculae also known as Nova Vulpeculae 1976, was a nova that appeared in the constellation Vulpecula in 1976. It was discovered visually at 18:20 UT on October 21, 1976 by English amateur astronomer George Alcock. Its apparent magnitude at the time of discovery was 6.5 It reached its maximum brightness of magnitude 6.0 thirteen days after its discovery, at which point it may have been faintly visible to the naked eye. A few days after maximum brightness, it had faded to magnitude 8.3. NQ Vulpeculae faded by 3 magnitudes from peak brightness in 65 days, which makes it a "moderate speed" nova. It was one of the first novae to be closely monitored near peak brightness in the infrared. The visual light curve went through a local minimum in January 1977, and at the same time near infrared emission peaked, signalling the formation of a dust shell around the nova. The IRAS satellite was launched a little more than six years after NQ Vulpeculae's outburst, and IRAS detected the nova in the 25, 60 and 100 micron bands. 4.9 GHz radio emission was detected in 1984 at the Very Large Array. All novae are binary stars, with a "donor" star orbiting a white dwarf. The two stars are so close to each other that material is transferred from the donor to the white dwarf. Modelling by Shara et al. in 2018 gave an estimated mass for the white dwarf of 1.10 M☉, and a mass transfer rate of 1.5 × 10−9 M☉ yr−1. The orbital period of NQ Vulpeculae is 0.146501 days, or approximately 3 hours and 31 minutes. In 1993 a small nearly circular nova remnant was imaged in Hα line emission with the William Herschel Telescope. On the raw image its radius was about 4 arc seconds, but deconvolution resulted in a ring-like image with a radius of 1.5 arc seconds, and a width of 0.5 arc seconds.

text:
# NQ Vulpeculae

**NQ Vulpeculae** also known as **Nova Vulpeculae 1976**, was a nova that appeared in the constellation Vulpecula in 1976. It was discovered visually at 18:20 UT on October 21, 1976 by English amateur astronomer George Alcock. Its apparent magnitude at the time of discovery was 6.5 It reached its maximum brightness of magnitude 6.0 thirteen days after its discovery, at which point it may have been faintly visible to the naked eye. A few days after maximum brightness, it had faded to magnitude 8.3.

NQ Vulpeculae faded by 3 magnitudes from peak brightness in 65 days, which makes it a "moderate speed" nova. It was one of the first novae to be closely monitored near peak brightness in the infrared. The visual light curve went through a local minimum in January 1977 (resulting in its classification as a DQ Herculis-type nova), and at the same time near infrared (3.5 micron) emission peaked, signalling the formation of a dust shell around the nova. The IRAS satellite was launched a little more than six years after NQ Vulpeculae's outburst, and IRAS detected the nova in the 25, 60 and 100 micron bands.

4.9 GHz radio emission was detected in 1984 at the Very Large Array.

All novae are binary stars, with a "donor" star orbiting a white dwarf. The two stars are so close to each other that material is transferred from the donor to the white dwarf. Modelling by Shara *et al.* in 2018 gave an estimated mass for the white dwarf of 1.10 , and a mass transfer rate of 1.5 × 10−9 M yr−1. The orbital period of NQ Vulpeculae is 0.146501 days, or approximately 3 hours and 31 minutes.

In 1993 a small nearly circular nova remnant was imaged in  line emission with the William Herschel Telescope. On the raw image its radius was about 4 arc seconds, but deconvolution resulted in a ring-like image with a radius of 1.5 arc seconds, and a width of 0.5 arc seconds.

## InfoBox

NQ Vulpeculae
| Location of NQ Vulpeculae (circled in red) | |
| --- | --- |
| Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000 | |
| Constellation | Vulpecula |
|
| Right ascension | 19h 29m 14.752s |
| Declination | +20° 27 59.57 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 6.0 Max.
18.5 Min. |
| Characteristics | |
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| Variable type | Classical nova |
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| Astrometry | |
|  | |
| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: 2.593(76) mas/yr
Dec.: −3.138(88) mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 0.8395 ± 0.0737 mas |
| **Distance** | 1080+169
−85 pc |
|  | |
| Other designations | |
| AAVSO 1924+20, Nova Vul 1976, Gaia DR2 2017742684676480896, 2MASS J19291475+2027596 | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |


title: NLRX1

abstract: NLRX1 or NLR family member X1, short for nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine rich repeat containing X1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NLRX1 gene. It is also known as NOD-like receptor X1, NLR family, X1, NOD5, NOD9, and CLR11.3, and is a member of the NOD-like receptor family of pattern recognition receptors.

text:
# NLRX1

**NLRX1** or **NLR family member X1**, short for *nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine rich repeat containing X1* is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *NLRX1* gene. It is also known as *NOD-like receptor X1*, *NLR family, X1*, NOD5, NOD9, and CLR11.3, and is a member of the NOD-like receptor family of pattern recognition receptors.

## Function

NLRX1 is an intracellular protein that plays a role in the immune system. NLRX1 has been proposed to affect innate immunity to viruses by interfering with the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS)/retinoic-acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) mitochondrial antiviral pathway., although this was recently questioned.

NLRX1 also plays a role in host immunity during bacterial infections, such as *Chlamydia trachomatis* and *Helicobacter pylori,* by regulating bacterial burden and inflammation in mononuclear phagocytes. Mechanisms underlying the modulation of NLRX1 are not well characterized, however computational modeling predictions suggest that levels of NLRX1 may be controlled by negative feedback circuits induced early after infection.

## Structure

NLRX1 has a unique protein structure composed of 3 protein domains: an N-terminal effector domain containing a mitochondrion localization signal; a central NACHT domain; a C-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| NLRX1 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Available structures  PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | NLRX1, CLR11.3, DLNB26, NOD26, NOD5, NOD9, NLR family member X1 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 611947; MGI: 2429611; HomoloGene: 11623; GeneCards: NLRX1; OMA:NLRX1 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001282143
NM\_001282144
NM\_001282358
NM\_024618
NM\_170722   NM\_001163742
NM\_001163743
NM\_178420   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001269072
NP\_001269073
NP\_001269287
NP\_078894   NP\_001157214
NP\_001157215
NP\_848507   Location (UCSC) Chr 11: 119.17 – 119.18 Mb Chr 9: 44.16 – 44.18 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Friedrich Opel

abstract: Friedrich Franz Opel was a German cyclist, race car driver and industrial engineer. He was known for introducing the automobile assembly line to Germany.

text:
# Friedrich Opel

**Friedrich Franz Opel** (April 30, 1875 – August 30, 1938) was a German cyclist, race car driver and industrial engineer. He was known for introducing the automobile assembly line to Germany.

## Information

### Personal life

Opel was born on April 30, 1875. His parents were Adam Opel and Sophie Opel, part of a family who were known as "The Ford's of Germany" for creating the Opel automobile manufacturing company. He had 4 siblings: Carl, Wilhelm, Heinrich and Ludwig. He was often referred to as Friedrich or Fritz. He studied mechanical engineering at Hochschule Mittweida University from 1894 to 1897 and later became the chief designer at Opel. In 1902, he was awarded a license to produce single cylinders for automobiles in Germany. In 1920, he commissioned "Villa Wenske", an estate and tourist attraction in Germany. In 1927, he was awarded an honorary doctorate from Technische Universität Darmstadt. He was affiliated with the sports club SC Opel Rüsselsheim, which was named after his family and was created in 1928. He and his brothers sold the cycling department of Opel in 1936 due to financial issues.

### Cycling

Opel was said to have won 180 titles on Opel manufactured cycles and altogether, he and his four brothers were said to have won 560 races and 13 national titles. He began competing in cycling races in 1891 and was said to be one of August Lehr's rivals. He has been credited with winning the 1894 Basel - Kleve, the 1896 Amateur Sprint Track National Championship and the 1897 Stayers Elite Track National Championship.

### Auto racing

Opel won the 1905 Circuit de Francford-sur-le-Main and won the 1922 Class 2L Opel-Rennbahin. Opel was an on-board mechanic and driver with Carl Jörns in the 1904 Coupe automobile Gordon Bennett. Opel finished 21st in the 1908 French Grand Prix. Opel was later named to the Automotive Hall of Fame in 1998.

## Death

Opel passed away on August 30, 1938, at the age of 63 due to heart disease. He had been in good health and his death was unexpected.

## InfoBox

Friedrich Opel
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Friedrich Franz Opel |
| Nationality | German |
| Born | (1875-08-30)30 August 1875
Rüsselsheim am Main |
| Died | 30 August 1938(1938-08-30) (aged 63)
Vienna |
| Sport | |
| Country | Germany |
| Sport | Cycling and Auto racing |


title: Met-en-Meerzorg

abstract: Met-en-Meerzorg is a village located on the West Coast of Demerara in the region of Essequibo Islands-West Demerara in Guyana. The village was named after the sugar plantation Met en Meerzorg. The community was founded in 1871. The village consists of a housing estate and a squatted village. The informal settlement was composed of fourroom houses constructed with walls made from zinc or wood. In 1997, there was no running water and there had been electricity since 1994. As of 2015, a large scale housing project was started in the village. The village has a health centre, a primary school, and a professional learning college. Met-en-Meerzorg is home to the Guyana Heritage Museum which was founded in 1994.

text:
# Met-en-Meerzorg

**Met-en-Meerzorg** (also **Meten-Meer-Zorg**) is a village located on the West Coast of Demerara in the region of Essequibo Islands-West Demerara in Guyana. The village was named after the sugar plantation Met en Meerzorg.

The community was founded in 1871. The village consists of a housing estate and a squatted village. The informal settlement was composed of fourroom houses constructed with walls made from zinc or wood. In 1997, there was no running water and there had been electricity since 1994. As of 2015, a large scale housing project was started in the village. The village has a health centre, a primary school, and a professional learning college. Met-en-Meerzorg is home to the Guyana Heritage Museum which was founded in 1994.

1. "2012 Population by Village". *Statistics Guyana*. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
2. "Emancipation Compensation and Slave Owners". *Guyana Times International*. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
3. "Meten-Meer-Zorg". *Stabroek News*. 25 December 2011. Retrieved 23 August 2020.
4. Peake, Linda (1997). "Declines and Revivals in Housing Policy in Guyana". In Potter, Robert B.; Conway, Dennis (eds.). *Self-help Housing, the Poor, and the State in the Caribbean*. University of Tennessee Press. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-87049-963-0.
5. "House lots to be developed at Meten-Meer-Zorg, Vigilance, Mon Repos". *Guyana Chronicle*. Retrieved 23 August 2020.

## InfoBox

| Met-en-Meerzorg Meten-Meer-Zorg | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| Met-en-MeerzorgLocation in Guyana | |
| Coordinates: 6°52′38″N 58°19′27″W / 6.87722°N 58.32417°W / 6.87722; -58.32417 | |
| Country | Guyana |
| Region | Essequibo Islands-West Demerara |
| Population (2012) | |
| Total | 3,910 |
| Time zone | UTC-4 |
| Climate | Af |


title: Nicholas J. Goulandris

abstract: Nicholas J. Goulandris (1891–1957) was a Greek shipowner, the founder of N. J. Goulandris. He was the fourth of five sons of shipowner Ioannis P. Goulandris (1840-1928). In 1952, he left the family firm, Goulandris Bros., and founded N. J. Goulandris in London. It grew with the help of his sons John (b.1923) and twins Leonidas and Alexandros (1927-2017), and by 1958 was the sixth-largest Greek shipowner with 40 ships. The business is now known as Andriaki Shipping and is based in Marousi, Athens.

text:
# Nicholas J. Goulandris

**Nicholas J. Goulandris** (1891–1957) was a Greek shipowner, the founder of N. J. Goulandris.

He was the fourth of five sons of shipowner Ioannis P. Goulandris (1840-1928).

In 1952, he left the family firm, Goulandris Bros., and founded N. J. Goulandris in London. It grew with the help of his sons John (b.1923) and twins Leonidas (b. 1927) and Alexandros (1927-2017), and by 1958 was the sixth-largest Greek shipowner with 40 ships. The business is now known as Andriaki Shipping and is based in Marousi, Athens.

## InfoBox

| Nicholas J. Goulandris | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1891 |
| Died | 1957 |
| Nationality | Greek |
| Occupation | shipowner |
| Known for | founder of N. J. Goulandris |
| Spouse | Elisa Karadontis |
| Children | John, Leonidas, and Alexandros |


title: Heinrich Danioth

abstract: Heinrich Danioth (1896–1953) was a Swiss painter and poet.

text:
# Heinrich Danioth

**Heinrich Danioth** (1896–1953) was a Swiss painter and poet.

## Early life

Heinrich Danioth was born on 1 May 1896 in Altdorf, Switzerland. In 1912, he received some of his basic artistic training in the Basel studio of fellow artist Rudolf Löw, as well as taking evening courses at the local commercial school.

## Career

His career began in 1916 when he started work in the Vaterhaus in Altdorf as a freelance artist in his personal studio. After some time in active service, he gave up a position as a church painter in Upper Valais in 1919 "for artistic reasons of conscience". Throughout 1920-21, he attended the master class of the German expressionist August Babberger at the Baden State Art School in Karlsruhe. Babberger’s work would prove to have a profound influence on his own.

He returned to his native Switzerland in 1927, where he began to introduce Expressionism to the Canton of Uri. In 1929, he took up residence in Flüelen, and in 1931, built his own residential and studio house above Lake Uri. He would work at this location for the rest of his life.

## Notable works

### Paintings

Some of Danioth’s most notable works include the murals, "Tellsprung" and "Rütlischwur", on the walls of the Tellspielhaus, an Altdorf theatre, in 1927.

He painted the mural “Fundamentum” in 1936. It is currently located at the Federal Letter Museum, one of three historical museums in Schwyz, Switzerland.

Another notable work is the large-format mural "Föhnwacht", created on behalf of the Federal Art Commission. A sculptor named Hans von Matt initiated the project after calls to decorate the waiting hall of the new SBB station in Flüelen. It took a year for Danioth to design it, as he searched for a suitable topic. Both the new station and the mural were inaugurated in November 1944. It is displayed there to this day.

He is also known for the image of the devil and the goat on the rock face above the Schöllenen. It was re-attached to a new location when the new cantonal road was built (ca. 1958).

### Poetry

Danioth was also active in writing. In addition to detailed diaries, he wrote compilations of short and often humorous verses. Towards the end of his life, purely literary texts were created. Danioth’s most famous poetry work is the "Urner Krippenspiel" from 1945. In 1951, he wrote the radio play *The Sixth of the Seven Days*. As a result, he was posthumously awarded the Radio Prize of Central Switzerland.

## Personal life

Danioth married Hedi Weber in 1932. He had two children, Madeleine and Cilly.

## Death

Heinrich Danioth died on 3 November 1953, after a failed operation to remove a brain tumor.

## Legacy

The works of Danioth were shown at the Kunstmuseum Luzern from 17 October—24 November 1954.

The Swiss director Felice Zenoni portrayed Heinrich Danioth's life and work in *Danioth the Devil Painter* (German: *Danioth: Der Teufelsmaler*), a documentary film starring actor Hanspeter Müller-Drossaart as Danioth. The film was released in Switzerland on January 15, 2015.

## InfoBox

| Heinrich Danioth | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1 May 1896
Altdorf, Switzerland |
| Died | 3 November 1953
Flüelen, Switzerland |
| Nationality | Swiss |
| Spouse | Hedi Weber (m. 1932) |
| Family | Madeleine Danioth (daughter), Cilly Danioth (daughter) |


title: Yet Another Movie

abstract: "Yet Another Movie" is the sixth track, along with "Round and Around" on Pink Floyd's 1987 album, A Momentary Lapse of Reason. It began as an instrumental piece to which words were later added and features soundbites from the films One-Eyed Jacks and Casablanca.

text:
# Yet Another Movie

"**Yet Another Movie**" is the sixth track, along with "Round and Around" on Pink Floyd's 1987 album, *A Momentary Lapse of Reason*. It began as an instrumental piece to which words were later added and features soundbites from the films *One-Eyed Jacks* and *Casablanca*.

## Live

The piece was performed at every show in Pink Floyd's 1987–1989 tours as the fourth piece in the first set of the show (falling between "Learning to Fly" and "Round and Around") and was featured on the live album *Delicate Sound of Thunder*. The lap steel guitar that appears at the end of the studio version of "Yet Another Movie" was replaced by a normal guitar solo played at a lower octave on the live performances of the track. On *Delicate Sound of Thunder* and the 2011 remaster of *A Momentary Lapse of Reason*, the band separated "Yet Another Movie" from "Round and Around" into different tracks.

## Personnel

Pink Floyd

Additional musicians

*Delicate Sound of Thunder* live version:

Additional musicians

## InfoBox

| "Yet Another Movie" | |
| --- | --- |
| Song by Pink Floyd | |
| from the album  *A Momentary Lapse of Reason* | |
| Published | Pink Floyd Music Publishers Ltd |
| Released | 7 September 1987 (UK)
8 September 1987 (US) |
| Recorded | 1987 |
| Genre | Progressive rock |
| Length |  |
| Label | EMI (UK)
Columbia (US) |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) |  |
|  | |
| Audio | |
| "Yet Another Movie" on YouTube | |
|  | |