title: Mickey: The Story of a Mouse

abstract: Mickey: The Story of a Mouse is a documentary film directed by Jeff Malmberg. The documentary had its world premiere at the South by Southwest film festival on March 19, 2022, and had its worldwide release on November 18 of the same year, on Disney+, on the same day as Mickey Mouse's 94th birthday.

text:
# Mickey: The Story of a Mouse

***Mickey: The Story of a Mouse*** is a documentary film directed by Jeff Malmberg. The documentary had its world premiere at the South by Southwest film festival on March 19, 2022, and had its worldwide release on November 18 of the same year, on Disney+, on the same day as Mickey Mouse's 94th birthday.

## Premise

The documentary follows the history and filmography of Mickey Mouse. Mickey Mouse is presented as a worldwide symbol of joy and the innocence of childhood. He became an overnight sensation after starring in the 1928 animated short film *Steamboat Willie*. Over the decades that followed, versions of the character evolved that reflect both the career of their creator and the changes in the country Mickey came to symbolize.

## Production and release

By October 2019, the documentary was in production, with Jeff Malmberg as director.

The documentary had its world premiere at the South by Southwest film festival on March 19, 2022, before its debut on Disney+ on November 18 in the same year. The documentary is accompanied by the short film *Mickey in a Minute*, animated by Eric Goldberg, Mark Henn, and Randy Haycock. The short follows Mickey Mouse, voiced by Bret Iwan, as he tours the halls of the Disney Animation building, ends up sucked into one of his old cartoon posters and takes a "whirlwind" trip through his past performances. The short appears near the end of the documentary.

### Critical reception

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 89% of 19 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 7.8/10. On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 66 out of 100, based on 7 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Fran Hoepfner, of *TheWrap*, gave a positive review, saying it is an "interesting exploration of a global phenomenon that goes out of its way to let Disney (the man and the company) off the hook". Daniel Fienberg, of *The Hollywood Reporter*, also gave a positive review, saying: "Offering 93 minutes of radiant rodent hagiography, *Mickey: The Story of a Mouse* is maybe the most polished of Disney+'s recent documercials". Stephen Silver of *Tilt* gave 4 stars out of 5. He considered the documentary to be "a blatant act of self-mythologizing by Disney", but also called it "a fascinating examination of Disney history and a must-watch for anyone who's a big Mickey fan". Ross Bonaime, of *Collider*, gave a mixed review, saying the documentary is "an intriguing look at the century-long history of Mickey that can't help but try to avoid the biggest questions of Mickey and Walt Disney's past".

## InfoBox

| Mickey: The Story of a Mouse | |
| --- | --- |
| Official release poster | |
| Directed by | Jeff Malmberg |
| Produced by |  |
| Cinematography | Antonio Cisneros |
| Edited by | * Jake Hostetter * Aaron Wickenden |
| Music by | Daniel Wohl |
| Production<br>companies |  |
| Distributed by | Disney+ |
| Release dates | * March 19, 2022 (2022-03-19) (SXSW) * November 18, 2022 (2022-11-18) (United States) |
| Running time | 93 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Mickey's Ultimate Challenge

abstract: Mickey's Ultimate Challenge is a puzzle video game developed by Designer Software and published by Hi Tech Expressions for the Super NES, Game Boy, Genesis/Mega Drive, Master System, and Game Gear under license from Walt Disney Computer Software. The Master System version, released in Brazil by Tec Toy in 1998, was the last game released for that console. All other versions were released in 1994. Players move Mickey through the game by making him walk, jump, and go through doors. There are five major challenges, a segue, and a final challenge. It was met with mixed reviews from gaming magazines.

text:
# Mickey's Ultimate Challenge

***Mickey's Ultimate Challenge*** is a puzzle video game developed by Designer Software and published by Hi Tech Expressions for the Super NES, Game Boy, Genesis/Mega Drive, Master System, and Game Gear under license from Walt Disney Computer Software. The Master System version, released in Brazil by Tec Toy in 1998, was the last game released for that console. All other versions were released in 1994. Players move Mickey through the game by making him walk, jump, and go through doors. There are five major challenges, a segue, and a final challenge. It was met with mixed reviews from gaming magazines.

## Plot

Mickey is lying in bed reading a book of fairy tales. He thinks to himself how wonderful it would be to live on a far-away land in a magical castle. Mickey falls asleep and dreams that he learns of trouble in Beanswick. There is a strange rumbling over the castle and no one can explain it. Mickey (or Minnie) volunteers to investigate. He must go through a series of challenges in various rooms of the castle in order to collect magic beans and items.

## Gameplay

*Mickey's Ultimate Challenge* is a puzzle game where players must complete challenges to beat the game. Players must go through a series of challenges in various rooms of the castle in order to collect magic beans and items.

In *Sorting Books*, Books are floating up and down in the library of the Beanswick castle and Mickey must sort them in alphabetical order by jumping on them. Depending on the difficulty, there are various numbers of books to be sorted and different patterns for the books to float in. Only a portion of the alphabet must be sorted. Once the books have been sorted, players receive an item from Horace Horsecollar.

In *Moving Potions*, Mickey is shrunk to a tiny size and placed on a chess-like game board. Potion bottles are on this board, as well as block obstacles that must be maneuvered around. The potion bottles are to be pushed into a magic mirror on the board. In more difficult games, there are more boards to play in increasing difficulty. Once all potions have been collected, the player returns to normal size and receives their item from Donald Duck (dressed as a wizard).

*Picture Matching* is a timed, memory challenge. Mickey must dust off portraits hanging on the castle walls in matching pairs. Basically, it's the matching card game. He must complete this task before the lights in the castle dim to darkness. Depending on the difficulty, there are more or fewer pictures. For challenges with more pictures, more time is given. He is armed with a feather duster and a sliding ladder. Players must match up all the pictures before time and light runs out to receive an item from Daisy Duck as a princess.

*Playing the Pipes* is another memory game. Several pipes light up and make different noises in a pattern that builds every turn. Mickey must listen, remember, and repeat what he heard. He can do this by jumping on the top of the pipes and playing the notes back in the proper order. The pipes only play one melody, adding one note after every time Mickey successfully completes the previous one. The difficulty of gameplay determines the length of the melody. Players must play all the right pipes to receive the item from Huey, Dewey, and Louie.

In *Guess the Tools*, Goofy wants Mickey to guess what tools are in his toolbox. Mickey has seven attempts to successfully guess the tools and their order inside Goofy's toolbox. After each guess, a clue appears telling players how many and which tools they guessed in the correct order. In easier games, the hints will turn red or green to denote correctness. In more difficult games, a small quartered square of red and green pieces tells Mickey which ones are right. Players must correctly guess what is in Goofy's toolbox to earn an item from him.

*Exchanging Items* is the segue of the game. The items Mickey collected were of no importance to their previous owners but would serve useful to others in Beanswick. Mickey must go back to all of the others in each challenge and give them the item that suits them. In return for each correctly placed item, Mickey receives a magic bean. Only after retrieving all five beans can Mickey use them. After returning the items to their respective owners, Mickey visits the well. The annoying rumbling occurs again and Mickey throws his beans near the well. Suddenly, a giant beanstalk grows straight up into the clouds. A curious Mickey climbs the beanstalk into the clouds and encounters a giant. The giant is sound asleep and snoring. This massive snoring is the cause of all the trouble for Beanswick. There is a scrambled picture of an alarm clock standing next to the giant. Mickey must unscramble the picture by sliding the pieces and wake up the giant. After Mickey wakes up and talks to the giant, the troubles in Beanswick are solved.

## Reception

*Mickey's Ultimate Challenge* has received generally mixed reviews from gaming magazines. *Electronic Gaming Monthly* gave the Genesis version a 6.25 out of 10. They remarked that the game is much too easy for puzzle veterans but would be good fun for younger players. They gave the Game Boy version a 6.75 out of 10, again commenting that the puzzles are easy but fun, particularly for younger gamers. In issue #59 of *Nintendo Power* magazine reviewed the SNES version and stated that the game proved "to be fun for its intended audience".

## InfoBox

| Mickey's Ultimate Challenge | |
| --- | --- |
| Box art | |
| Developer(s) | Designer Software |
| Publisher(s) | Hi Tech Expressions
Tec Toy (Master System) |
| Platform(s) | Sega Genesis, SNES, Game Boy, Game Gear, Master System |
| Release | February 1994
**Master System** |
| Genre(s) | Platform, puzzle |
| Mode(s) | Single-player, multiplayer |


title: Micranthes virginiensis

abstract: Micranthes virginiensis, the early saxifrage, or Virginia saxifrage, is a wildflower native to eastern and central North America.

text:
# Micranthes virginiensis

***Micranthes virginiensis***, the **early saxifrage**, or **Virginia saxifrage**, is a wildflower native to eastern and central North America.

## Description

Virginia saxifrage is a herbaceous plant that can reach 30 cm (12 in) tall. This species flowers in the spring and is usually found growing on rocks, cliffs, or logs. The pubescent stem is thought to deter ground insects, which would be less effective for pollination than flying insects, from reaching its flowers.

## InfoBox

| Early saxifrage | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Saxifragales |
| Family: | Saxifragaceae |
| Genus: | *Micranthes* |
| Species: | ***M. virginiensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Micranthes virginiensis***<br>(Michx.) Small | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Saxifraga virginica* Nutt. (1818) | |


title: Michael Szwarc

abstract: Michael Szwarc was a British and American polymer chemist who discovered and studied ionic living polymerization.

text:
# Michael Szwarc

**Michael Szwarc** (9 June 1909, Będzin, Poland  4 August 2000, San Diego, California) was a British and American polymer chemist who discovered and studied ionic living polymerization.

## Biography

Michael Mojżesz Szwarc was born into a Polish-Jewish family in Będzin, Poland. In 1932 he received the title of engineer in chemistry at the Warsaw University of Technology. In 1935 he emigrated to Palestine, where he joined his sister and cousin. In 1942 he defended his first Ph.D. dissertation in organic chemistry at Hebrew University in Jerusalem.

In 1945 he joined Michael Polanyi's research group at the University of Manchester in the UK. In 1947 he defended his second Ph.D. thesis, this time in physical chemistry. Two years later, he was awarded D.Sc. for work on measurements of energy distribution of chemical bonds, and was promoted to senior lecturer at the University of Manchester.

In 1952 Michael Szwarc moved to the United States and was a professor of physical chemistry and polymers at the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry in Syracuse. He created his own research team at SUNY, developing living polymerization techniques in accordance with his long-term program published in *Nature* in 1956, in which he introduced the living polymerization term for the first time. In 1964 he received a *Distinguished Professor* at SUNY, and in 1967 he founded the Center for Research Polymers, which he led until his retirement in 1979.

At SUNY he was a consultant for scientific projects conducted by Union Carbide, Dow Corning, Dow Chemical and 3M. After retirement he moved to Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute at USC, where he continued his scientific work, in collaboration with former students from SUNY. He focused on solving practical problems associated with the living polymerization techniques in the industry. He also wrote several books and monographs about polymer chemistry synthesis.

Michael Szwarc and his Polish wife, Marysia (Maria), had three children - a son and two daughters. He played piano and was a long-distance open water swimmer.

## Awards and memberships

1. "Michael Szwarc". *Center for Oral History*. Science History Institute. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
2. Jagur-Grodzinski, J.; Penczek, S. (2006). "Michael Szwarc. 19 June 1909 -- 4 August 2000: Elected FRS 1966". *Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society*. **52**: 365. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2006.0025.
3. WT Winter (4 August 2000). "Michael Szwarc-biography". SUNY-ESF, Department of Chemistry.
4. Szwarc, M. (1956). "'Living' Polymers". *Nature*. **178** (4543): 1168–1169. Bibcode:1956Natur.178.1168S. doi:10.1038/1781168a0. S2CID 4266406.
5. "Michael Szwarc". Inamori Foundation. 2005. Archived from the original on 2007-07-03.


title: Michael Peter Kaye

abstract: Michael Peter Kaye was an American surgeon and researcher who co-founded the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) in 1981. He developed the society's registry and edited the Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation. Brought up on the south side of Chicago and completing early medical training at Loyola University Strich School of Medicine, he spent ten years in heart transplant research at Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, becoming professor at the University of Minnesota in 1980. Kaye was the first director of the ISHLT's International Database for Heart and Lung Transplantation, which became the largest registry of its kind in the world. In 1986, he was a member of the team that performed the first combined heart-lung transplant in the mid-west of America. Subsequently, he was appointed director of research at San Diego and received the ISHLT lifetime service award in 1996. He died in 2017 at the age of 82.

text:
# Michael Peter Kaye

**Michael Peter Kaye** (died December 17, 2017) was an American surgeon and researcher who co-founded the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) in 1981. He developed the society's registry and edited the *Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation*.

Brought up on the south side of Chicago and completing early medical training at Loyola University Strich School of Medicine, he spent ten years in heart transplant research at Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, becoming professor at the University of Minnesota in 1980.

Kaye was the first director of the ISHLT's International Database for Heart and Lung Transplantation, which became the largest registry of its kind in the world.

In 1986, he was a member of the team that performed the first combined heart-lung transplant in the mid-west of America. Subsequently, he was appointed director of research at San Diego and received the ISHLT lifetime service award in 1996.

He died in 2017 at the age of 82.

## Early life

Known as Harley at home, Kaye was born to Lithuanian immigrants and spent his early life on the south side of Chicago. He went on to study chemistry at St. Louis University, following which he entered Loyola University Strich School of Medicine and completed a medical degree.

## Medical career

Kaye completed his residency at the University of Minnesota. Here, he met and married Mary and they had five children. During their ten years in Rochester, Minnesota, he carried out heart transplant research at Mayo Clinic School of Medicine. In addition, he served at the Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas.

In the mid-1970s, Kaye devised a new heart surgery for transposition of the great arteries, and two other surgeons (Paul Damus and Horace Stansel) independently proposed similar operations around the same time. The surgery became known as the Damus–Kaye–Stansel procedure.

In the 1980s, he became Professor of Surgery and head of the cardiothoracic research laboratories at the University of Minnesota, where he continued his work on heart and lung transplantation.

In 1981, Kaye was one of the founding members of the Society for Heart Transplantation, later renamed the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. In 1985, he was its secretary and treasurer. In addition, he co-developed and was the first director of the Society's registry, a database for heart transplantation, which subsequently evolved into the International Database for Heart and Lung Transplantation, becoming the largest registry of heart and lung transplantation data in the world.

When Jaques Losman retired in 1985, Kaye, in 1986, took over as the editor of the *Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation*, remaining so for ten years and during which he was key in developing it as an internationally accepted journal.

From 1986, the University of Minnesota had put into use a database for cardiac surgery. Developed by both Ed Sweeney and Kaye, it became the prototype for the database soon used by the Society of Thoracic Surgeons. In the same year, he was a member of the team that performed the first combined heart and lung transplant in the mid-west of America.

In 1989, heart-lung transplant pioneer Stuart W. Jamieson took along Kaye when transferring his \[Jamieson's\] entire surgical team from Minnesota to San Diego. Here, Kaye was appointed director of research.

In 1996, Kaye received the ISHLT lifetime service award and in 1997, he co-founded Acumen Healthcare Solutions, a clinical trials software company.

## Death

Kaye died on December 17, 2017, at the age of 82.

## Selected publications

## InfoBox

| ProfessorMichael Peter Kaye | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Died | December 17, 2017 (aged 82) |
| Education | Loyola University Strich School of Medicine |
| Occupation | Surgeon |
| Known for |  |


title: Michel Charasse

abstract: Michel Charasse was a member of the French Senate. He represented the Puy-de-Dôme department, and was a member of the Socialist Party. On 24 February 2010 French president Nicolas Sarkozy nominated him as a member of the Constitutional Council.

text:
# Michel Charasse

**Michel Charasse** (8 July 1941  21 February 2020) was a member of the French Senate. He represented the Puy-de-Dôme department, and was a member of the Socialist Party.

On 24 February 2010 French president Nicolas Sarkozy nominated him as a member of the Constitutional Council.

## InfoBox

| Michel Charasse | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Constitutional Council | |
| **In office**
12 March 2010  11 March 2019 | |
| Appointed by | Nicolas Sarkozy |
| President | Jean-Louis Debré
Laurent Fabius |
| Preceded by | Olivier Dutheillet de Lamothe |
| Succeeded by | Jacques Mézard |
| Member of the French Senate
for Puy-de-Dôme | |
| **In office**
1992–2010 | |
| Succeeded by | Serge Godard |
| Minister of Budget | |
| **In office**
1988–1992 | |
| President | François Mitterrand |
| Prime Minister | Édith Cresson
Pierre Bérégovoy |
| Preceded by | Pierre Bérégovoy |
| Succeeded by | Martin Malvy |
| Mayor of Puy-Guillaume | |
| **In office**
1977–2010 | |
| Succeeded by | Nadine Chabrier |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1941-07-08)8 July 1941
Chamalières, France |
| Died | 21 February 2020(2020-02-21) (aged 78)
Clermont-Ferrand, France |
| Cause of death | Cancer |
| Political party | Socialist Party |
| Spouse | Danièlle Bas (m. 1978) |
| Parent(s) | Martial Charasse
Lucie Castellani |
| Alma mater | Sciences Po |
|  | |


title: Michael Roberts (fashion journalist)

abstract: Michael Roy Roberts was a British fashion journalist. He was the fashion and style director of Vanity Fair magazine. He worked as fashion director for The New Yorker and The Sunday Times, style director and art director for Tatler, design director of British Vogue, Paris editor of Vanity Fair, and editor of Boulevard magazine. Roberts also worked as a fashion photographer and illustrator, contributing images to publications including Vanity Fair; L'Uomo Vogue; British, Italian, French, American, Chinese, Brazilian, and Japanese Vogue; The Sunday Times; and The Independent on Sunday. He published four books of his illustrations. Roberts was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2022 New Year Honours for services to fashion. He died on 3 April 2023, at the age of 75.

text:
# Michael Roberts (fashion journalist)

**Michael Roy Roberts** CBE (2 October 1947 – 3 April 2023) was a British fashion journalist. He was the fashion and style director of *Vanity Fair* magazine. He worked as fashion director for *The New Yorker* and *The Sunday Times*, style director and art director for *Tatler*, design director of British *Vogue*, Paris editor of *Vanity Fair*, and editor of *Boulevard* magazine.

Roberts also worked as a fashion photographer and illustrator, contributing images to publications including *Vanity Fair*; *L'Uomo Vogue*; British, Italian, French, American, Chinese, Brazilian, and Japanese *Vogue*; *The Sunday Times*; and *The Independent on Sunday*. He published four books of his illustrations.

Roberts was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2022 New Year Honours for services to fashion. He died on 3 April 2023, at the age of 75.

## InfoBox

| Michael Roberts | |
| --- | --- |
| Roberts in 2006 | |
| Born | (1947-10-02)2 October 1947<br>Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England |
| Died | 3 April 2023(2023-04-03) (aged 75) |
| Occupation | Fashion journalist |


title: Micronerita pulchella

abstract: Micronerita pulchella is a species of submarine cave snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Neritiliidae.

text:
# Micronerita pulchella

***Micronerita pulchella*** is a species of submarine cave snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Neritiliidae.

## Description

## Distribution

## InfoBox

| *Micronerita pulchella* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| (unranked): | clade Neritimorpha
clade Cycloneritimorpha |
| Superfamily: | Helicinoidea |
| Family: | Neritiliidae |
| Genus: | *Micronerita* |
| Species: | ***M. pulchella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Micronerita pulchella***
Kano & Kase, 2008 | |
|


title: Michelle Stilwell

abstract: Michelle Stilwell is a Canadian athlete and politician. She represented Canada at four Summer Paralympic Games, as well as the 2015 Parapan American Games. She competed in wheelchair basketball before becoming a wheelchair racer, and is the only female Paralympic athlete to win gold medals in two separate summer sport events. As a politician, she represented the electoral district of Parksville-Qualicum in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 2013 to 2020 as part of the British Columbia Liberal Party caucus, and served as Minister of Social Development and Social Innovation of British Columbia from 2015 to 2017.

text:
# Michelle Stilwell

**Michelle Stilwell** (*nee* Bauknecht; born July 4, 1974) is a Canadian athlete and politician. She represented Canada at four Summer Paralympic Games (2000, 2008, 2012 and 2016), as well as the 2015 Parapan American Games. She competed in wheelchair basketball before becoming a wheelchair racer, and is the only female Paralympic athlete to win gold medals in two separate summer sport events.

As a politician, she represented the electoral district of Parksville-Qualicum in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 2013 to 2020 as part of the British Columbia Liberal Party caucus, and served as Minister of Social Development and Social Innovation of British Columbia from 2015 to 2017.

## Early life and education

Michelle Bauknecht was born on July 4, 1974, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. She is the youngest of four children, and worked at her parents' hotel in her youth. Weeks before graduating from River East Collegiate, she broke her neck from a fall at the age of 17 and became an incomplete quadriplegic, with limited hand and wrist functions. After the accident, she competed in wheelchair basketball, through which she met her husband Mark Stilwell at the 1996 National Championships in Montreal. Stilwell eventually moved to Calgary, and completed her Bachelor of Science degree in psychology at the University of Calgary in 1999.

## Athletic career

Stilwell stayed in Calgary from 1997 until 2000 to train for the Canada women's national wheelchair basketball team, winning gold at the 1998 Women's Wheelchair Basketball World Championship. She then competed as a reserve for Team Canada at the 2000 Paralympic Games, where her team won the gold medal. Afterwards, Stilwell, her husband Mark, and their newborn son moved to Parksville, British Columbia in 2001.

However, Stilwell was forced to forgo wheelchair basketball after undergoing surgery for a herniated brain stem. Although unable to compete at the national level, Stilwell continued to play basketball locally where she was spotted by coach Peter Lawless, who convinced her to try for wheelchair racing. At the 2006 IPC Athletics World Championships, she won gold in the women's T52 200m event, and silver in the women's T52 100m event.

Stilwell qualified for the 2008 Paralympic Games where she won two gold medals in the women's T52 200m and 100m events. At the 2011 World Championships in Christchurch, New Zealand, she won the gold medals in the 100m, 200m and 400m events, as well as the silver medal in the 800m event; she set the World Championship records in the 100m and 200m races.

At the London 2012 Paralympic Games, Stilwell defended her Paralympic gold medal in the women's 200m event in 33.80 seconds, shattering her Games record by over two seconds. Four days later, Stilwell captured a silver medal in the 100m event after mishap caused her to fall behind Marieke Vervoort. The following year, she competed in the 2013 IPC Athletics World Championships and won gold at the 100m, 200m and 800m events, setting a new world record in the women's T52 800m race. She took the gold medal in the women's T52 100m event at the 2015 Parapan American Games in Toronto.

In 2016, her last Paralympic Games, Stilwell earned gold medals at the women's 100m and 400m events, setting a Paralympics record during the latter race with a time of one minute and 5.42 seconds. The following year, Stilwell announced her retirement from competitive sports. She was inducted into the BC Sports Hall of Fame in 2017, and the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame in 2019.

She was named to the board of directors of the Canadian Paralympic Committee in 2022.

## Political career

With incumbent BC Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly for Parksville-Qualicum Ron Cantelon declining to seek re-election, Stilwell was acclaimed as the party's candidate for the riding in the 2013 provincial election. She was elected to the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia at the May election, and was named government caucus chair and Parliamentary Secretary for Healthy Living in June 2013, before adding Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Health for Seniors to her responsibilities in June 2014. Following Don McRae's resignation from cabinet, Stilwell was sworn in as Minister for Social Development and Social Innovation in February 2015.

Stilwell was re-elected in 2017 and retained her post in Premier Christy Clark's cabinet, until the Liberal minority government's defeat in a non-confidence motion. After the British Columbia New Democratic Party (BC NDP) formed government in July 2017, Stilwell served on the Official Opposition bench as critic for Tourism, Arts and Culture for the remainder of the 41st Parliament.

After losing her seat in the 2020 election to BC NDP candidate Adam Walker, Stilwell joined CVM Medical as director of COVID-19 rapid testing in 2021.

## Electoral record

| 2020 British Columbia general election: Parksville-Qualicum | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
|  | New Democratic | Adam Walker | 13,207 | 42.00 | +13.34 | $6,991.73 |
|  | Liberal | Michelle Stilwell | 11,155 | 35.47 | −9.66 | $45,718.10 |
|  | Green | Rob Lyon | 5,227 | 16.62 | −8.82 | $2,772.94 |
|  | Conservative | Don Purdey | 1,404 | 4.46 |  | $1,413.44 |
|  | Independent | John St John | 454 | 1.44 |  | $0.00 |
| Total valid votes | | | 31,447 | 100.00 |  |
| Total rejected ballots | | |  |  |  |
| Turnout | | |  |  |  |
| Registered voters | | |  |
| Source: Elections BC | | | | | | |

| 2017 British Columbia general election: Parksville-Qualicum | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
|  | Liberal | Michelle Stilwell | 13,604 | 45.13 | −5.00 | $53,948 |
|  | New Democratic | Sue Powell | 9,189 | 28.66 | −8.40 | $44,326 |
|  | Green | Glenn Sollitt | 8,157 | 25.44 |  | $10,490 |
|  | Refederation | Terry Hand | 245 | 0.77 |  | $0 |
| Total valid votes | | | 32,059 | 100.00 |  |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 159 | 0.49 | −0.15 |
| Turnout | | | 32,218 | 70.21 | +2.27 |
| Registered voters | | | 45,891 |
| Source: Elections BC | | | | | | |

| 2013 British Columbia general election: Parksville-Qualicum | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Liberal | Michelle Stilwell | 14518 | 50.13 |
|  | New Democratic | Barry Avis | 10732 | 37.06 |
|  | Conservative | David Bernard Coupland | 3710 | 12.81 |
| Total valid votes | | | 28960 | 100.00 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 186 | 0.64 |
| Turnout | | | 29146 | 67.94 |
| Source: Elections BC | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Michelle StilwellPLY | |
| --- | --- |
| Stilwell at the 2015 Parapan American Games | |
|  | |
| Member of the British Columbia Legislative Assembly
for Parksville-Qualicum | |
| **In office**
May 14, 2013  September 21, 2020 | |
| Preceded by | Ron Cantelon |
| Succeeded by | Adam Walker |
| Minister of Social Development and Social Innovation of British Columbia | |
| **In office**
February 2, 2015  July 18, 2017 | |
| Premier | Christy Clark |
| Preceded by | Don McRae |
| Succeeded by | Shane Simpson (Minister of Social Development and Poverty Reduction) |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Michelle Bauknecht
(1974-07-04) July 4, 1974
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada |
| Political party | Liberal |
| Spouse | Mark Stilwell (m. 1997) |
| Residence(s) | Parksville, British Columbia |
| Alma mater | University of Calgary |
| **Sports career** | |
| Height | 170 cm (5 ft 7 in) |
| Weight | 51 kg (112 lb) |
| Disability class | T52 |
| Medal record      Representing  Canada  Women's wheelchair basketball  Paralympic Games  2000 Sydney  Team  Women's para athletics  Paralympic Games  2008 Beijing  100m T52  2008 Beijing  200m T52  2012 London  200m T52  2012 London  100m T52  2016 Rio de Janeiro  100m T52  2016 Rio de Janeiro  400m T52  Parapan American Games  2015 Toronto 100m T52 | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Michelle Leech

abstract: Michelle Leech is the Deputy Dean of Medicine at Monash University and an academic clinician-scientist. Leech oversees the delivery of the Monash medical program and maintains an active research profile and clinical practice as a rheumatologist.

text:
# Michelle Leech

**Michelle Leech** AM FRACP is the Deputy Dean of Medicine at Monash University and an academic clinician-scientist. Leech oversees the delivery of the Monash medical program and maintains an active research profile and clinical practice as a rheumatologist.

## Education

Leech graduated with a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (Hons) from Monash University in 1987. She went onto residency training in internal medicine at Prince Henry's Hospital and advanced physician training in rheumatology at Monash Health. Leech completed her PhD at Monash University's Centre for Inflammatory Diseases and the Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians training program in 2000.

## Career

### Clinical

Leech is a consultant physician and currently serves as Head of the Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinic at Monash Health. In 2014, Leech was the Medical Director of Arthritis Australia. She has served on a number of National Rheumatology Advisory Boards, including Janssen-Cilag, Novartis, Abbvie, UCB, Cortical and MSD.

### Research

Leech is part of the rheumatology research group in the School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health. Her research interests are focused on cytokine biology, glucocorticoid action and cell cycle proteins in the context of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. She also maintains an active research profile in medical and interprofessional education. Leech has published over 70 peer-reviewed papers. Her most cited papers are:

* Leech M, Metz C, Hall P, Hutchinson P, Gianis K, Smith M, Weedon H, Holdsworth SR, Bucala R, Morand EF. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor in rheumatoid arthritis: evidence of proinflammatory function and regulation by glucocorticoids. *Arthritis & Rheumatism:*. 1999 Aug;42(8):1601-8. According to Google Scholar, it has been cited 388 times.
* Morand EF, Leech M, Bernhagen J. MIF: a new cytokine link between rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. *Nature reviews Drug discovery*. 2006 May;5(5):399-411. According to Google Scholar, this article has been cited 375 times
* Leech M, Metz C, Santos L, Peng T, Holdsworth SR, Bucala R, Morand EF. Involvement of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in the evolution of rat adjuvant arthritis. *Arthritis & Rheumatism*: y. 1998 May;41(5):910-7.According to Google Scholar, this article has been cited 222 times

### Administration

As of June 2024, Leech is a Deputy Dean in the Faculty of Medicine at Monash University, Nursing and Health Sciences. Prior to this appointment, Leech was director of the undergraduate medical program at Southern Clinical School (now the School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health). Other appointments include Deputy Chairperson, Postgraduate Medical Council of Victoria, Vice President, Medical Deans Australia and New Zealand, and member of the Scientific Advisory Committee, Arthritis Australia

In 2010, Leech received funding from the Department of Health and Ageing to develop interprofessional learning opportunities at Monash University and Southern Health (now Monash Health).

In 2017, Monash University's medical program moved from a Bachelor of Medical Science and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) to a Doctor of Medicine (MD) under Leech's leadership. Leech also serves on the Royal Australasian College of Physicians examination panel.

## Honours, awards and distinctions


title: Michelle Leonardo

abstract: Michelle Leonardo is an American dancer and model and beauty pageant contestant who won the Miss New Jersey Teen USA pageant in 2008 and the Miss New Jersey USA pageant in 2012. She placed in the Top 10 at Miss USA 2012. She won Miss Teen United States-World 2009 and placed 3rd runner up at Miss Teen World 2009. Leonardo is currently a Digital Investment Supervisor at Horizon Media and is dancing for the New York Knicks. In 2015, Leonardo was a dancer for the Boston Celtics. She appeared on Guiding Light and in print ads for corporations such as Polaroid, Million Dollar Baby Swimsuits and Sesame Street Kids. She has been in three Seventeen Magazine Fashion shows including one for Fall New York Fashion Week. She was an on-air reporter for the Boston-based show Style It Up. Michelle Leonardo was born to Anthony and Laura Leonardo in Montclair, New Jersey and raised in Tinton Falls. She has one younger sister, Lainie. Leonardo attended Red Bank Catholic High School in Red Bank, New Jersey. She graduated from Suffolk University in Boston, Massachusetts, where she obtained her Bachelor of Science in broadcast journalism.

text:
# Michelle Leonardo

**Michelle Leonardo** (born June 28, 1991) is an American dancer and model and beauty pageant contestant who won the Miss New Jersey Teen USA pageant in 2008 and the Miss New Jersey USA pageant in 2012. She placed in the Top 10 at Miss USA 2012. She won Miss Teen United States-World 2009 and placed 3rd runner up at Miss Teen World 2009.

Leonardo is currently a Digital Investment Supervisor at Horizon Media and is dancing for the New York Knicks. In 2015, Leonardo was a dancer for the Boston Celtics. She appeared on *Guiding Light* and in print ads for corporations such as Polaroid, Million Dollar Baby Swimsuits and Sesame Street Kids. She has been in three Seventeen Magazine Fashion shows including one for Fall New York Fashion Week. She was an on-air reporter for the Boston-based show *Style It Up*.

Michelle Leonardo was born to Anthony and Laura Leonardo in Montclair, New Jersey and raised in Tinton Falls. She has one younger sister, Lainie. Leonardo attended Red Bank Catholic High School in Red Bank, New Jersey. She graduated from Suffolk University in Boston, Massachusetts, where she obtained her Bachelor of Science in broadcast journalism.

## InfoBox

| Michelle Leonardo | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1991-06-28) June 28, 1991
Montclair, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Alma mater | Suffolk University |
| Height | 5 ft 7 in (1.70 m) |
| **Beauty pageant titleholder** | |
| Title | Miss New Jersey Teen USA 2008
Miss New Jersey USA 2012 |
| Hair color | Brown |
| Eye color | Brown |
| Major
competition(s) | Miss New Jersey Teen USA 2008
(Winner)
Miss Teen USA 2008
Miss Teen United States World - 2009
(Winner)
Miss Teen World 2009
(3rd Runner-Up)
Miss New Jersey USA 2012
(Winner)
Miss USA 2012
(Top 10) |
|  | |


title: Microbacterium amylolyticum

abstract: Microbacterium amylolyticum is a Gram-positive, heterotrophic, aerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus Microbacterium which has been isolated from soil from an industrial waste site in Noida in India.

text:
# Microbacterium amylolyticum

***Microbacterium amylolyticum*** is a Gram-positive, heterotrophic, aerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus *Microbacterium* which has been isolated from soil from an industrial waste site in Noida in India.

## InfoBox

| *Microbacterium amylolyticum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Actinomycetota |
| Class: | Actinomycetia |
| Order: | Micrococcales |
| Family: | Microbacteriaceae |
| Genus: | *Microbacterium* |
| Species: | ***M. amylolyticum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Microbacterium amylolyticum***
Anand et al. 2012 | |
|
| Type strain | |
| CCM 7881
DSM 24221
N5 | |


title: Mick Cossey

abstract: Raymond Reginald "Mick" Cossey was a New Zealand rugby union player. A second five-eighth and centre, Cossey represented Auckland, Poverty Bay, and Counties at a provincial level. He played just one match for the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks: the first test against the touring Australian side in 1958. A schoolteacher, Cossey taught at Patutahi School, near Gisborne, in the mid-1950s, where one of his students was future All Black Ian Kirkpatrick. Cossey was killed in an accident at a railway crossing in 1986, and his ashes were buried in Papakura Cemetery.

text:
# Mick Cossey

**Raymond Reginald** "**Mick**" **Cossey** (21 January 1935 – 24 May 1986) was a New Zealand rugby union player. A second five-eighth and centre, Cossey represented Auckland, Poverty Bay, and Counties at a provincial level. He played just one match for the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks: the first test against the touring Australian side in 1958.

A schoolteacher, Cossey taught at Patutahi School, near Gisborne, in the mid-1950s, where one of his students was future All Black Ian Kirkpatrick.

Cossey was killed in an accident at a railway crossing in 1986, and his ashes were buried in Papakura Cemetery.

## InfoBox

Mick Cossey
| Birth name | Raymond Reginald Cossey |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1935-01-21)21 January 1935 |
| Place of birth | Papakura, New Zealand |
| Date of death | 24 May 1986(1986-05-24) (aged 51) |
| Place of death | Drury, New Zealand |
| Height | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) |
| Weight | 84 kg (185 lb) |
| School | Otahuhu College |
| Occupation(s) | Schoolteacher |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Second five-eighth
Centre
Wing  Provincial / State sides  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1953–54 Auckland  5  ()  1956–57 Poverty Bay  18  ()  1958–62 Counties  51  ()  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1958 New Zealand  1  (0) | |


title: Microsoft Office Live

abstract: Microsoft Office Live is a discontinued web-based service providing document sharing and website creation tools for consumers and small businesses. Its successor was branded Windows Live. Office Live consisted of two services, Office Live Workspace, which was superseded by OneDrive, and Office Live Small Business, which was superseded by Office 365.

text:
# Microsoft Office Live

**Microsoft Office Live** is a discontinued web-based service providing document sharing and website creation tools for consumers and small businesses. Its successor was branded Windows Live. Office Live consisted of two services, *Office Live Workspace*, which was superseded by OneDrive, and *Office Live Small Business*, which was superseded by Office 365.

## Office Live Workspace

*Office Live Workspace* was a free service for storing and sharing documents online. The company claimed it was most commonly used for work, school, and home projects because documents could be managed from remote locations without a flash drive. The service required web access and a compatible browser; the interface was available in over 25 languages. Certain functionalities were tied to a browser plug-in called Silverlight, reducing the portability of the service in comparison to other providers of online office suites. In order for workspaces to be accessed directly from Office, users of Word, Excel, and PowerPoint needed to install an Office Live Update. Files couldn't be edited from within a workspace, but clicking on "edit" would open them up in Microsoft Office. The workspace didn't offer offline collaboration — instead documents were "checked out" and "checked in" — but the service did integrate with SharedView for real-time screen sharing.

### Features

* **Online storage** – Office Live permits users to save up to 5 gigabytes (GB) of information in many file formats from Microsoft, which can be accessed from any computer with an internet connection, even if Office isn't installed. The company claims this replaces the need for flash drives or CDs as a storage solution, and provides capabilities for updating project schedules, organizing events, and delegating assignments without scheduling a meeting or relying on email
* **Information sharing** – Office Live Workspace is designed so that computer users can share a single document or a workspace containing multiple documents, as well as collaborate online as a group. Workspaces are password-protected and users can control who views and edits information. Files or workspaces can be shared with up to 100 people
* **Software compatibility** – While Office Live Workspace works with Microsoft Office programs such as Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and Outlook, it also allows users to store documents of other file types. If the Office Live update is installed, files and documents may be opened and saved directly from Microsoft Office XP, 2003, 2007 or 2008 for Mac. Users may also synchronize, contact, task, and event lists with Outlook 2003 and 2007, and workspace lists can be exported to Excel. The Office Live update is no longer available for download from Microsoft and is not supported.
* **Resources and support** – Microsoft established a Community Support website, which includes a blog, wiki, how-to videos, and the opportunity for customers to ask and answer questions about using Office Live Workspace

### System requirements

Office Live Workspace requires an Internet-connected computer running Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows 7, or Mac OS X 10.2.x and later. It works with the following browsers:

Office Live Workspace is currently not supported on Office 2010. In May 2010, it was announced that Office Live Workspace customers would be moved to Microsoft's OneDrive, service, which offered 25GB of storage and was reduced down to 7GB in 2012 and the ability to view and edit documents through Office Web Apps.

## InfoBox

Microsoft Office Live
|
|  |
|
| Developer(s) | Microsoft |
|  | |
| Stable release | Office Live Small Business |
| Preview release | Office Live Workspace |
|  | |
| Operating system | Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X |
| Type | Web application, Web development |
| License | Proprietary |
| Website | Archived official website at the Wayback Machine (archive index) |


title: Middleshaw, Cumbria

abstract: Middleshaw is a hamlet on the B6254 road, near the village of Old Hutton, in the civil parish of Old Hutton and Holmescales, in the South Lakeland district, in the county of Cumbria, England. John Gough was from Middleshaw.

text:
# Middleshaw, Cumbria

**Middleshaw** is a hamlet on the B6254 road, near the village of Old Hutton, in the civil parish of Old Hutton and Holmescales, in the South Lakeland district, in the county of Cumbria, England. John Gough was from Middleshaw.

## History

The name "Middleshaw" means 'middle, sceaga', copse. Middleshaw was also known as Mid(d)leshaw(e).

## InfoBox

| Middleshaw | |
| --- | --- |
| Middleshaw | |
| MiddleshawLocation within Cumbria | |
| OS grid reference | SD554890 |
| Civil parish |  |
| District |  |
| Shire county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | KENDAL |
| Postcode district | LA8 |
| Dialling code | 01539 |
|  | |
| Police | Cumbria |
| Fire | Cumbria |
| Ambulance | North West |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Middlesex and Monmouth Turnpike

abstract: Middlesex and Monmouth Turnpike was the name of two turnpikes chartered in New Jersey. The first, chartered on March 13, 1863, was to run from the crossing of the Camden and Amboy Rail Road at Old Bridge to the Monmouth County Plank Road at Matawan. After the turnpike ceased operation, much of this route would later become a part of County Route 516. The second was chartered on March 4, 1868, and was to run from the road "from Mount's Mills to Old Bridge" to the Monmouth County Plank Road at Matawan. Much of this route consisted of present-day Texas Road. This turnpike was never constructed.

text:
# Middlesex and Monmouth Turnpike

**Middlesex and Monmouth Turnpike** was the name of two turnpikes chartered in New Jersey.

The first, chartered on March 13, 1863, was to run from the crossing of the Camden and Amboy Rail Road at Old Bridge to the Monmouth County Plank Road at Matawan. After the turnpike ceased operation, much of this route would later become a part of County Route 516.

The second was chartered on March 4, 1868, and was to run from the road "from Mount's Mills to Old Bridge" (present-day County Route 527) to the Monmouth County Plank Road at Matawan. Much of this route consisted of present-day Texas Road. This turnpike was never constructed.


title: Middleton Substation

abstract: The Middleton Substation is a 1-story, Italianate building in Middleton, Idaho, that was part of an interurban railway loop that connected Middleton, Boise, Nampa, and Caldwell. Constructed in 1912, the small, 16-ft by 30-ft substation provided space both for transformers and for an office. The Middleton Substation was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, and its nomination included an adjacent generator building constructed in 1907 and later demolished. The Middleton stop on the Boise & Interurban Electric Railway was completed in 1907, and the line continued to operate under control of the Idaho Traction Company in 1912, when the substation was completed. The site is now home to the Lee Moberly Museum, named after a former Middleton postmaster and local historian.

text:
# Middleton Substation

The **Middleton Substation** is a 1-story, Italianate building in Middleton, Idaho, that was part of an interurban railway loop that connected Middleton, Boise, Nampa, and Caldwell. Constructed in 1912, the small, 16-ft by 30-ft substation provided space both for transformers and for an office. The Middleton Substation was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, and its nomination included an adjacent generator building constructed in 1907 and later demolished.

The Middleton stop on the Boise & Interurban Electric Railway was completed in 1907, and the line continued to operate under control of the Idaho Traction Company in 1912, when the substation was completed.

The site is now home to the Lee Moberly Museum, named after a former Middleton postmaster and local historian.

Media related to Middleton Substation at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Middleton Substation | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| The Middleton Substation in 2019 | |
|  | |
| Location | SR 44, Middleton, Idaho |
| Coordinates | 43°42′23″N 116°36′59″W / 43.70639°N 116.61639°W / 43.70639; -116.61639 (Middleton Substation) |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1912 (1912) |
| Architectural style | Stick/eastlake, Italianate |
| NRHP reference No. | 73000683 |
| Added to NRHP | May 7, 1973 |


title: Microarchitecture

abstract: In electronics, computer science and computer engineering, microarchitecture, also called computer organization and sometimes abbreviated as μarch or uarch, is the way a given instruction set architecture (ISA) is implemented in a particular processor. A given ISA may be implemented with different microarchitectures; implementations may vary due to different goals of a given design or due to shifts in technology. Computer architecture is the combination of microarchitecture and instruction set architecture.

text:
# Microarchitecture

In electronics, computer science and computer engineering, **microarchitecture**, also called **computer organization** and sometimes abbreviated as **μarch** or **uarch**, is the way a given instruction set architecture (ISA) is implemented in a particular processor. A given ISA may be implemented with different microarchitectures; implementations may vary due to different goals of a given design or due to shifts in technology.

Computer architecture is the combination of microarchitecture and instruction set architecture.

## Relation to instruction set architecture

The ISA is roughly the same as the programming model of a processor as seen by an assembly language programmer or compiler writer. The ISA includes the instructions, execution model, processor registers, address and data formats among other things. The microarchitecture includes the constituent parts of the processor and how these interconnect and interoperate to implement the ISA.

The microarchitecture of a machine is usually represented as (more or less detailed) diagrams that describe the interconnections of the various microarchitectural elements of the machine, which may be anything from single gates and registers, to complete arithmetic logic units (ALUs) and even larger elements. These diagrams generally separate the datapath (where data is placed) and the control path (which can be said to steer the data).

The person designing a system usually draws the specific microarchitecture as a kind of data flow diagram. Like a block diagram, the microarchitecture diagram shows microarchitectural elements such as the arithmetic and logic unit and the register file as a single schematic symbol. Typically, the diagram connects those elements with arrows, thick lines and thin lines to distinguish between three-state buses (which require a three-state buffer for each device that drives the bus), unidirectional buses (always driven by a single source, such as the way the address bus on simpler computers is always driven by the memory address register), and individual control lines. Very simple computers have a single data bus organization   they have a single three-state bus. The diagram of more complex computers usually shows multiple three-state buses, which help the machine do more operations simultaneously.

Each microarchitectural element is in turn represented by a schematic describing the interconnections of logic gates used to implement it. Each logic gate is in turn represented by a circuit diagram describing the connections of the transistors used to implement it in some particular logic family. Machines with different microarchitectures may have the same instruction set architecture, and thus be capable of executing the same programs. New microarchitectures and/or circuitry solutions, along with advances in semiconductor manufacturing, are what allows newer generations of processors to achieve higher performance while using the same ISA.

In principle, a single microarchitecture could execute several different ISAs with only minor changes to the microcode.

## Aspects

The pipelined datapath is the most commonly used datapath design in microarchitecture today. This technique is used in most modern microprocessors, microcontrollers, and DSPs. The pipelined architecture allows multiple instructions to overlap in execution, much like an assembly line. The pipeline includes several different stages which are fundamental in microarchitecture designs. Some of these stages include instruction fetch, instruction decode, execute, and write back. Some architectures include other stages such as memory access. The design of pipelines is one of the central microarchitectural tasks.

Execution units are also essential to microarchitecture. Execution units include arithmetic logic units (ALU), floating point units (FPU), load/store units, branch prediction, and SIMD. These units perform the operations or calculations of the processor. The choice of the number of execution units, their latency and throughput is a central microarchitectural design task. The size, latency, throughput and connectivity of memories within the system are also microarchitectural decisions.

System-level design decisions such as whether or not to include peripherals, such as memory controllers, can be considered part of the microarchitectural design process. This includes decisions on the performance-level and connectivity of these peripherals.

Unlike architectural design, where achieving a specific performance level is the main goal, microarchitectural design pays closer attention to other constraints. Since microarchitecture design decisions directly affect what goes into a system, attention must be paid to issues such as chip area/cost, power consumption, logic complexity, ease of connectivity, manufacturability, ease of debugging, and testability.

## Microarchitectural concepts

### Instruction cycles

To run programs, all single- or multi-chip CPUs:

1. Read an instruction and decode it
2. Find any associated data that is needed to process the instruction
3. Process the instruction
4. Write the results out

The instruction cycle is repeated continuously until the power is turned off.

### Multicycle microarchitecture

Historically, the earliest computers were multicycle designs. The smallest, least-expensive computers often still use this technique. Multicycle architectures often use the least total number of logic elements and reasonable amounts of power. They can be designed to have deterministic timing and high reliability. In particular, they have no pipeline to stall when taking conditional branches or interrupts. However, other microarchitectures often perform more instructions per unit time, using the same logic family. When discussing "improved performance," an improvement is often relative to a multicycle design.

In a multicycle computer, the computer does the four steps in sequence, over several cycles of the clock. Some designs can perform the sequence in two clock cycles by completing successive stages on alternate clock edges, possibly with longer operations occurring outside the main cycle. For example, stage one on the rising edge of the first cycle, stage two on the falling edge of the first cycle, etc.

In the control logic, the combination of cycle counter, cycle state (high or low) and the bits of the instruction decode register determine exactly what each part of the computer should be doing. To design the control logic, one can create a table of bits describing the control signals to each part of the computer in each cycle of each instruction. Then, this logic table can be tested in a software simulation running test code. If the logic table is placed in a memory and used to actually run a real computer, it is called a microprogram. In some computer designs, the logic table is optimized into the form of combinational logic made from logic gates, usually using a computer program that optimizes logic. Early computers used ad-hoc logic design for control until Maurice Wilkes invented this tabular approach and called it microprogramming.

### Increasing execution speed

Complicating this simple-looking series of steps is the fact that the memory hierarchy, which includes caching, main memory and non-volatile storage like hard disks (where the program instructions and data reside), has always been slower than the processor itself. Step (2) often introduces a lengthy (in CPU terms) delay while the data arrives over the computer bus. A considerable amount of research has been put into designs that avoid these delays as much as possible. Over the years, a central goal was to execute more instructions in parallel, thus increasing the effective execution speed of a program. These efforts introduced complicated logic and circuit structures. Initially, these techniques could only be implemented on expensive mainframes or supercomputers due to the amount of circuitry needed for these techniques. As semiconductor manufacturing progressed, more and more of these techniques could be implemented on a single semiconductor chip. See Moore's law.

### Instruction set choice

Instruction sets have shifted over the years, from originally very simple to sometimes very complex (in various respects). In recent years, load–store architectures, VLIW and EPIC types have been in fashion. Architectures that are dealing with data parallelism include SIMD and Vectors. Some labels used to denote classes of CPU architectures are not particularly descriptive, especially so the CISC label; many early designs retroactively denoted "CISC" are in fact significantly simpler than modern RISC processors (in several respects).

However, the choice of instruction set architecture may greatly affect the complexity of implementing high-performance devices. The prominent strategy, used to develop the first RISC processors, was to simplify instructions to a minimum of individual semantic complexity combined with high encoding regularity and simplicity. Such uniform instructions were easily fetched, decoded and executed in a pipelined fashion and a simple strategy to reduce the number of logic levels in order to reach high operating frequencies; instruction cache-memories compensated for the higher operating frequency and inherently low code density while large register sets were used to factor out as much of the (slow) memory accesses as possible.

### Instruction pipelining

One of the first, and most powerful, techniques to improve performance is the use of instruction pipelining. Early processor designs would carry out all of the steps above for one instruction before moving onto the next. Large portions of the circuitry were left idle at any one step; for instance, the instruction decoding circuitry would be idle during execution and so on.

Pipelining improves performance by allowing a number of instructions to work their way through the processor at the same time. In the same basic example, the processor would start to decode (step 1) a new instruction while the last one was waiting for results. This would allow up to four instructions to be "in flight" at one time, making the processor look four times as fast. Although any one instruction takes just as long to complete (there are still four steps) the CPU as a whole "retires" instructions much faster.

RISC makes pipelines smaller and much easier to construct by cleanly separating each stage of the instruction process and making them take the same amount of time—one cycle. The processor as a whole operates in an assembly line fashion, with instructions coming in one side and results out the other. Due to the reduced complexity of the classic RISC pipeline, the pipelined core and an instruction cache could be placed on the same size die that would otherwise fit the core alone on a CISC design. This was the real reason that RISC was faster. Early designs like the SPARC and MIPS often ran over 10 times as fast as Intel and Motorola CISC solutions at the same clock speed and price.

Pipelines are by no means limited to RISC designs. By 1986 the top-of-the-line VAX implementation (VAX 8800) was a heavily pipelined design, slightly predating the first commercial MIPS and SPARC designs. Most modern CPUs (even embedded CPUs) are now pipelined, and microcoded CPUs with no pipelining are seen only in the most area-constrained embedded processors. Large CISC machines, from the VAX 8800 to the modern Pentium 4 and Athlon, are implemented with both microcode and pipelines. Improvements in pipelining and caching are the two major microarchitectural advances that have enabled processor performance to keep pace with the circuit technology on which they are based.

### Cache

It was not long before improvements in chip manufacturing allowed for even more circuitry to be placed on the die, and designers started looking for ways to use it. One of the most common was to add an ever-increasing amount of cache memory on-die. Cache is very fast and expensive memory. It can be accessed in a few cycles as opposed to many needed to "talk" to main memory. The CPU includes a cache controller which automates reading and writing from the cache. If the data is already in the cache it is accessed from there – at considerable time savings, whereas if it is not the processor is "stalled" while the cache controller reads it in.

RISC designs started adding cache in the mid-to-late 1980s, often only 4 KB in total. This number grew over time, and typical CPUs now have at least 2 MB, while more powerful CPUs come with 4 or 6 or 12MB or even 32MB or more, with the most being 768MB in the newly released EPYC Milan-X line, organized in multiple levels of a memory hierarchy. Generally speaking, more cache means more performance, due to reduced stalling.

Caches and pipelines were a perfect match for each other. Previously, it didn't make much sense to build a pipeline that could run faster than the access latency of off-chip memory. Using on-chip cache memory instead, meant that a pipeline could run at the speed of the cache access latency, a much smaller length of time. This allowed the operating frequencies of processors to increase at a much faster rate than that of off-chip memory.

### Branch prediction

One barrier to achieving higher performance through instruction-level parallelism stems from pipeline stalls and flushes due to branches. Normally, whether a conditional branch will be taken isn't known until late in the pipeline as conditional branches depend on results coming from a register. From the time that the processor's instruction decoder has figured out that it has encountered a conditional branch instruction to the time that the deciding register value can be read out, the pipeline needs to be stalled for several cycles, or if it's not and the branch is taken, the pipeline needs to be flushed. As clock speeds increase the depth of the pipeline increases with it, and some modern processors may have 20 stages or more. On average, every fifth instruction executed is a branch, so without any intervention, that's a high amount of stalling.

Techniques such as branch prediction and speculative execution are used to lessen these branch penalties. Branch prediction is where the hardware makes educated guesses on whether a particular branch will be taken. In reality one side or the other of the branch will be called much more often than the other. Modern designs have rather complex statistical prediction systems, which watch the results of past branches to predict the future with greater accuracy. The guess allows the hardware to prefetch instructions without waiting for the register read. Speculative execution is a further enhancement in which the code along the predicted path is not just prefetched but also executed before it is known whether the branch should be taken or not. This can yield better performance when the guess is good, with the risk of a huge penalty when the guess is bad because instructions need to be undone.

### Superscalar

Even with all of the added complexity and gates needed to support the concepts outlined above, improvements in semiconductor manufacturing soon allowed even more logic gates to be used.

In the outline above the processor processes parts of a single instruction at a time. Computer programs could be executed faster if multiple instructions were processed simultaneously. This is what superscalar processors achieve, by replicating functional units such as ALUs. The replication of functional units was only made possible when the die area of a single-issue processor no longer stretched the limits of what could be reliably manufactured. By the late 1980s, superscalar designs started to enter the market place.

In modern designs it is common to find two load units, one store (many instructions have no results to store), two or more integer math units, two or more floating point units, and often a SIMD unit of some sort. The instruction issue logic grows in complexity by reading in a huge list of instructions from memory and handing them off to the different execution units that are idle at that point. The results are then collected and re-ordered at the end.

### Out-of-order execution

The addition of caches reduces the frequency or duration of stalls due to waiting for data to be fetched from the memory hierarchy, but does not get rid of these stalls entirely. In early designs a *cache miss* would force the cache controller to stall the processor and wait. Of course there may be some other instruction in the program whose data *is* available in the cache at that point. Out-of-order execution allows that ready instruction to be processed while an older instruction waits on the cache, then re-orders the results to make it appear that everything happened in the programmed order. This technique is also used to avoid other operand dependency stalls, such as an instruction awaiting a result from a long latency floating-point operation or other multi-cycle operations.

### Register renaming

Register renaming refers to a technique used to avoid unnecessary serialized execution of program instructions because of the reuse of the same registers by those instructions. Suppose we have two groups of instruction that will use the same register. One set of instructions is executed first to leave the register to the other set, but if the other set is assigned to a different similar register, both sets of instructions can be executed in parallel (or) in series.

### Multiprocessing and multithreading

Computer architects have become stymied by the growing mismatch in CPU operating frequencies and DRAM access times. None of the techniques that exploited instruction-level parallelism (ILP) within one program could make up for the long stalls that occurred when data had to be fetched from main memory. Additionally, the large transistor counts and high operating frequencies needed for the more advanced ILP techniques required power dissipation levels that could no longer be cheaply cooled. For these reasons, newer generations of computers have started to exploit higher levels of parallelism that exist outside of a single program or program thread.

This trend is sometimes known as *throughput computing*. This idea originated in the mainframe market where online transaction processing emphasized not just the execution speed of one transaction, but the capacity to deal with massive numbers of transactions. With transaction-based applications such as network routing and web-site serving greatly increasing in the last decade, the computer industry has re-emphasized capacity and throughput issues.

One technique of how this parallelism is achieved is through multiprocessing systems, computer systems with multiple CPUs. Once reserved for high-end mainframes and supercomputers, small-scale (2–8) multiprocessors servers have become commonplace for the small business market. For large corporations, large scale (16–256) multiprocessors are common. Even personal computers with multiple CPUs have appeared since the 1990s.

With further transistor size reductions made available with semiconductor technology advances, multi-core CPUs have appeared where multiple CPUs are implemented on the same silicon chip. Initially used in chips targeting embedded markets, where simpler and smaller CPUs would allow multiple instantiations to fit on one piece of silicon. By 2005, semiconductor technology allowed dual high-end desktop CPUs *CMP* chips to be manufactured in volume. Some designs, such as Sun Microsystems' UltraSPARC T1 have reverted to simpler (scalar, in-order) designs in order to fit more processors on one piece of silicon.

Another technique that has become more popular recently is multithreading. In multithreading, when the processor has to fetch data from slow system memory, instead of stalling for the data to arrive, the processor switches to another program or program thread which is ready to execute. Though this does not speed up a particular program/thread, it increases the overall system throughput by reducing the time the CPU is idle.

Conceptually, multithreading is equivalent to a context switch at the operating system level. The difference is that a multithreaded CPU can do a thread switch in one CPU cycle instead of the hundreds or thousands of CPU cycles a context switch normally requires. This is achieved by replicating the state hardware (such as the register file and program counter) for each active thread.

A further enhancement is simultaneous multithreading. This technique allows superscalar CPUs to execute instructions from different programs/threads simultaneously in the same cycle.

## Further reading


abstract: The Midwest Buddhist Temple Ginza Holiday Festival is an annual Japanese cultural festival that occurs on the second weekend, Friday to Sunday, of August at 435 W. Menomonee Street in Chicago’s historic Old Town. The annual event has been since 1955, except for a three-year break from 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It will be held August 11–13, 2023. Exhibits feature Japanese items, such as Japanese dry goods and snacks, kimono, jewelry, art and Japanese cuisine, including teriyaki, udon sushi, edamame, and kintoki. Beer, sake and wine are also available. Stage performances include taiko drumming, folk dances, martial arts demonstrations, and other entertainment and exhibits. The temple is open for guests who are interested in observing the service area and learning the basics of Buddhism. During stage intermissions, there are short Dharma talks given inside the Temple by Rev. Ron Miyamura.

text:
# Midwest Buddhist Temple Ginza Holiday Festival

The **Midwest Buddhist Temple Ginza Holiday Festival** is an annual Japanese cultural festival that occurs on the second weekend, Friday to Sunday, of August at 435 W. Menomonee Street in Chicago’s historic Old Town. The annual event has been since 1955, except for a three-year break from 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It will be held August 11–13, 2023.

Exhibits feature Japanese items, such as Japanese dry goods and snacks, kimono, jewelry, art and Japanese cuisine, including teriyaki, udon sushi, edamame, and kintoki (Japanese snow cone topped with sweet azuki beans). Beer, sake and wine are also available.

Stage performances include taiko drumming, folk dances, martial arts demonstrations, and other entertainment and exhibits.

The temple is open for guests who are interested in observing the service area and learning the basics of Buddhism. During stage intermissions, there are short Dharma talks given inside the Temple by Rev. Ron Miyamura.


title: Midwest Book Review

abstract: Midwest Book Review, established in 1976, produces nine book-review publications per month.

text:
# Midwest Book Review

**Midwest Book Review,** established in 1976, produces nine book-review publications per month.

## Organization

Midwest Book Review was established in 1976. The editor-in-chief of the organization is James A. Cox. The review puts out nine publications on a monthly basis, with a focus on community and academic library organizations, booksellers, and the general reading public. The organization maintains a website at www.midwestbookreview.com.

Publications produced by the organization include: *The Bookwatch*, *California Bookwatch*, *The Children's Bookwatch*, *Internet Bookwatch*, *Library Bookwatch*, *MBR Bookwatch*, *The Midwest Bookwatch*, *The Reviewer's Bookwatch*, *Small Press Bookwatch*, and *The Wisconsin Bookwatch*. *The Children's Bookwatch* is a newsletter made as a resource for librarians. Some reviews from *Reviewer's Bookwatch* are provided in greater depth at the organization's website. *Midwest Book Review* is made up of volunteers, and frequently seeks additional individuals to serve as book reviewers for the organization. The organization is located in Oregon, Wisconsin. It has a motivation of increasing literacy, public utilization of libraries, and fostering small press, to which it gives priority. Of the 1,500 books submitted to *Midwest Book Review* for consideration per month, the organization chooses to review approximately 450 of them.

A visitor to the website Amazon.com emailed Cox in 2006 and asked about the organization's practice of giving all reviews posted to the site a five-star recommendation. Cox replied explaining that he disagreed with the star-rating system in general, and noted, "If a book isn't good enough to pass our initial screening then it doesn't get reviewed in the first place." In 2007, an author asked Cox about the organization's position with regard to Amazon.com ratings. Cox explained, "for a book to make it all the way through the Midwest Book Review process. ... it merited the highest recommendation available under the Amazon rating system. Inferior books, flawed books, substandard books are assumed to have been weeded out and never made it to the 'finish line' of publication in one of our book review magazines."

In a 2001 interview with *The Denver Post*, Cox stated that *Midwest Book Review* considers submissions from print on demand (POD) publications. "When 1st Books, iUniverse and other POD titles cross my desk, I make sure to look at them, not out of regard for these publishers – but out of regard for the authors," said Cox. Cox does not believe that book reviewers should be fee-based, and said, "Any reviewer that wants money from you for any purpose whatsoever is operating a scam, engaging in unethical behavior that is in violation of the publishing industry etiquette norm." In 2008, *Midwest Book Review* had gained reviewers as a result of cutbacks in print media publications. Cox noted, "The drastic cutbacks in newspaper and magazine space for reviews has redounded to the benefit of the *Midwest Book Review* and other online review sites. These displaced reviewers have turned to us as an outlet for their reviews previously published in print sources. Over the past few years we have gained at least ten reviewers this way." After stating that charging fees is a scam, Cox began charging a reading fee in 2011. However, those fees are sent directly from the author to their assigned reviewer. Mr. Cox, nor does any of his MBR employees/volunteers, collect any fees for themselves. Initially fees were only charged for e-books, but since then has expanded to include any "ebooks, pre-publication manuscripts, galleys, uncorrected proofs, ARCs, and pdf files".

## Impact and reputation

Every review produced by *Midwest Book Review* is indexed to the review index maintained by Gale Research. *Book Review Index* indexes reviews for the *Midwest Book Review* publications *Bookwatch* and *Children's Bookwatch*. Online Computer Library Center described the website of the *Midwest Book Review* as "a resource to locate book reviews, resources and advice for writers and publishers". *Writing and Publishing: The Librarian's Handbook* published by the American Library Association recommends *Midwest Book Review* as a resource for information for writers.

*Midwest Book Review* is listed as a resource, in Doris Booth's *Writer's Handbook of FAQs*. According to *The Complete Guide to Self Publishing* by Tom Ross and Marilyn Heimberg Ross, the reviews of the organization "are welcomed and respected". In *Book Design and Production*, author Pete Masterson listed the organization as a resource. He noted that the website for *Midwest Book Review* has "lots of useful information" for authors. Mayra Calvani of *Blogcritics* noted that the organization is "popular among small publishers, self-published authors, and academic presses".

## Further reading

## InfoBox

Midwest Book Review
|
|  |
| Formation | 1976 |
| Legal status | Active |
| Purpose | Book reviews |
| Headquarters | Oregon, Wisconsin |
| Region served | California, Wisconsin, upper Midwest |
| Official language | English |
| Editor-in-Chief | James A. Cox |
| Website | www.midwestbookreview.com |


title: Microtheme

abstract: In education, a microtheme is a very short essay.. Often an exercise unto itself, it can also be used in writing courses to incrementally build up toward a larger paper. Microthemes allow for quick grading, such as A+/A/A-. Writing skill can be improved by writing often and in this case, by practising writing the same thing in different ways and with different combinations of words.

text:
# Microtheme

In education, a **microtheme** is a very short essay. (For example, one required to be 100-500 words in length or to fit on a 5-by-8-inch (130 by 200 mm) index card). Often an exercise unto itself, it can also be used in writing courses to incrementally build up toward a larger paper. Microthemes allow for quick grading, such as A+/A/A-. Writing skill can be improved by writing often and in this case, by practising writing the same thing in different ways and with different combinations of words.


title: Microtheliopsidaceae

abstract: Microtheliopsidaceae is a family of fungi in the order Chaetothyriales. It contains four genera: Byrsomyces, Chaetomonodorus, Micropyrenula, and Microtheliopsis.

text:
# Microtheliopsidaceae

**Microtheliopsidaceae** is a family of fungi in the order Chaetothyriales. It contains four genera: *Byrsomyces*, *Chaetomonodorus*, *Micropyrenula*, and *Microtheliopsis.*

### Sources

* "Microtheliopsidaceae". *Catalogue of Life*. Retrieved 30 April 2024.

## InfoBox

| Microtheliopsidaceae | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Eurotiomycetes |
| Order: | Chaetothyriales |
| Family: | Microtheliopsidaceae
O.E. Erikss., 1981 |
|
| Type genus | |
| ***Microtheliopsis***
Müll. Arg., 1890 | |
| Genera | |
| See text | |


title: Mike King (graphic designer)

abstract: Michael King is an American graphic designer from Portland, Oregon. His career started in the late 1970s, when he started making concert posters for local punk bands in Portland. King's work includes an album cover for Jack Johnson, posters for Pink Martini, and the Voodoo Doughnut logo. He founded Crash Design America, a graphic design company in Portland.

text:
# Mike King (graphic designer)

**Michael King** is an American graphic designer from Portland, Oregon. His career started in the late 1970s, when he started making concert posters for local punk bands in Portland. King's work includes an album cover for Jack Johnson, posters for Pink Martini, and the Voodoo Doughnut logo. He founded Crash Design America, a graphic design company in Portland.

## InfoBox

| Michael King | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | American |
| Known for | Graphic design |


title: Mike Hale

abstract: Mike Hale is an American motorcycle racer.

text:
# Mike Hale

**Mike Hale** (born December 14, 1972, in Dallas, Texas, United States) is an American motorcycle racer.

## Career statistics

### Grand Prix motorcycle racing

#### By season

| Season | Class | Motorcycle | Race | Win | Podium | Pole | FLap | Pts | Plcd |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1999 | 500cc | Modenas KR3 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 31st |
| Total |  |  | **10** | **0** | **0** | **0** | **0** | **3** |  |

#### Races by year

(key) (Races in **bold** indicate pole position, races in *italics* indicate fastest lap)

| Year | Class | Bike | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | Pos. | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1999 | 500cc | Modenas KR3 | MAL
18 | JPN
19 | SPA
16 | FRA
DNS | ITA | CAT | NED | GBR | GER | CZE
15 | IMO
15 | VAL
15 | AUS
Ret | RSA
Ret | BRA
Ret | ARG
18 | 31st | 3 |
|

### Superbike World Championship

| Year | Make | 1 | | 2 | | 3 | | 4 | | 5 | | 6 | | 7 | | 8 | | 9 | | 10 | | 11 | | 12 | | Pos. | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 | | |
| 1995 | Honda | GER | GER | SMR | SMR | GBR | GBR | ITA | ITA | SPA | SPA | AUT | AUT | USA
4 | USA
3 | EUR | EUR | JPN | JPN | NED | NED |  |  |  |  | 15th | 60 |
| | Ducati | | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | INA
6 | INA
7 | AUS
14 | AUS
6 |
| 1996 | Ducati | SMR
13 | SMR
8 | GBR
14 | GBR
16 | GER
Ret | GER
8 | ITA | ITA | CZE
7 | CZE
5 | USA
6 | USA
10 | EUR
12 | EUR
11 | INA
10 | INA
9 | JPN
20 | JPN
22 | NED
11 | NED
12 | SPA
10 | SPA
Ret | AUS
9 | AUS
4 | 11th | 114 |
| 1997 | Suzuki | AUS
Ret | AUS
Ret | SMR
Ret | SMR
12 | GBR
15 | GBR
Ret | GER
9 | GER
Ret | ITA
10 | ITA
9 | USA
14 | USA
Ret | EUR
9 | EUR
11 | AUT
11 | AUT
7 | NED
11 | NED
Ret | SPA
8 | SPA
9 | JPN
21 | JPN
10 | INA
8 | INA
Ret | 11th | 87 |

## InfoBox

| Mike Hale | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | American |
| Born | (1972-12-14) December 14, 1972
Dallas, Texas, United States |
| Motorcycle racing career statistics  500cc World Championship  Active years 1999  Manufacturers Modenas KR3  1999 championship position 31st (3 pts)   Starts Wins Podiums Poles F. laps Points  10 0 0 0 0 3   Superbike World Championship  Active years 19951997  Manufacturers Honda, Ducati, Suzuki  Championships 0  1997 championship position 11th (87 pts)   Starts Wins Podiums Poles F. laps Points  52 0 1 0 0 261 | |


title: Mie Olise

abstract:
Mie Olise Kjærgaard is an internationally exhibited Danish artist. She attended the St. Martin's School of Art in London from which she received her MFA in 2007, where she was one of the 4 finalists in the BBC television arranged Four New Sensations.
In 2009 her work was the subject of a one-woman exhibition entitled "The Exquisite Capabilities of The flying Carpet", at the Skive New Museum of Contemporary Art, in Skive, Denmark. Olise is living and working in Copenhagen. She paints large scale paintings of women, seen through a woman's eye and view herself as a feminist. In 2013, Olise painted with muck recovered from the Gowanus Canal. She had a one-woman exhibition in 2014 at the Museo de Arte Acarigua-Araure in Venezuela. In 2015, Olise's "Noplacia" was exhibited at the Samuel Freeman Gallery. "Noplacia," is a term pulled from opening of Thomas Moore's Utopia, and, according to Kathleen Whitney, writing for Sculpture, the exhibit is "distinguished by abandoned, dystopian, and desolated architectural spaces." Whitney goes on to suggest that "Olise's structures imply that nothing is fixed or stable, that everything is contingent." She has had solo shows at Honor Fraser, LA; Sammlung Philara, Düsseldorf; MUPO Oacaxa; Y Gallery, New York; Duve Berlin; as well as participating in exhibitions at MFAH, MUPO, Torrance Art Museum, LA; Nikolaj Kunsthal, Copenhagen and Trapholt Museum, Denmark.

text:
# Mie Olise

**Mie Olise Kjærgaard** (born 1974 in Mors, Denmark) is an internationally exhibited Danish artist. She attended the St. Martin's School of Art in London from which she received her MFA in 2007, where she was one of the 4 finalists in the BBC television arranged Four New Sensations. In 2009 her work was the subject of a one-woman exhibition entitled "The Exquisite Capabilities of The flying Carpet", at the Skive New Museum of Contemporary Art, in Skive, Denmark. Olise is living and working in Copenhagen. She paints large scale paintings of women, seen through a woman's eye (Female gaze) and view herself as a feminist.

In 2013, Olise painted with muck recovered from the Gowanus Canal. She had a one-woman exhibition in 2014 at the Museo de Arte Acarigua-Araure in Venezuela. In 2015, Olise's "Noplacia" was exhibited at the Samuel Freeman Gallery. "Noplacia," is a term pulled from opening of Thomas Moore's *Utopia*, and, according to Kathleen Whitney, writing for Sculpture, the exhibit is "distinguished by abandoned, dystopian, and desolated architectural spaces." Whitney goes on to suggest that "Olise's structures imply that nothing is fixed or stable, that everything is contingent."

She has had solo shows at Honor Fraser, LA; Sammlung Philara, Düsseldorf; MUPO Oacaxa; Y Gallery, New York; Duve Berlin; as well as participating in exhibitions at MFAH (Museum of Fine Arts Houston), MUPO (Museum of Contemporary Art Utah), Torrance Art Museum, LA; Nikolaj Kunsthal, Copenhagen and Trapholt Museum, Denmark.

* The artist's website -
* ARTSY -


title: Mikheil Giorgadze

abstract: Mikhail Giorgadze is a Georgian former water polo player who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Mikheil Giorgadze

**Mikhail Giorgadze** (born 14 March 1961) is a Georgian former water polo player who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

Mikheil Giorgadze
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1961-03-14) March 14, 1961<br>Kutaisi, Soviet Union |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Water polo |
| Medal record      Representing the  Soviet Union  Olympic Games  1988 Seoul  Team competition  World Championships  1982 Guayaquil Team competition  European Championships  1983 Rome Team competition  1985 Sofia Team competition  1987 Strasbourg Team competition  1981 Split Team competition | |


title: Miguel de Almazán

abstract: Miguel de Almazán was a Marrano of Saragossa, and private secretary to King Ferdinand of Aragon. He was burned at the stake on the accusation of being an adherent of Judaism. One month later, March 18, 1486, Manuel de Almaçan of Saragossa suffered the same fate.

text:
# Miguel de Almazán

**Miguel de Almazán** was a Marrano of Saragossa, and private secretary to King Ferdinand of Aragon. He was burned at the stake on the accusation of being an adherent of Judaism. One month later, March 18, 1486, Manuel de Almaçan of Saragossa suffered the same fate.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Kayserling, Meyer (1901). "Almazan (Almaçan), Miguel de". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). *The Jewish Encyclopedia*. Vol. 1. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 429.


title: Midwood High School (North Carolina)

abstract: Midwood High School is a non-traditional high school in its namesake neighborhood of Charlotte, North Carolina. The school acts as a transition program for ninth graders who struggled to meet benchmarks in eighth grade into a high school environment.

text:
# Midwood High School (North Carolina)

**Midwood High School** is a non-traditional high school in its namesake neighborhood of Charlotte, North Carolina. The school acts as a transition program for ninth graders who struggled to meet benchmarks in eighth grade into a high school environment.

## About

Midwood has a dotted history. It has always been one of Charlotte's smaller high schools, mostly due to its small, aging physical plant. It has been used as a traditional school, a management school, a teenage parents academy, closed, and now as a transition school. The goal of the school is to prevent socially promoted ninth graders from dropping out. Students are zoned to one of the four "achievement zone" schools (Garinger, Waddell, West Charlotte, or West Meck).

## Athletics

Midwood doesn't field interscholastic athletic teams. However, Midwood students who meet academic goals are eligible to play for the school they are zoned to. Midwood's athletic teams were called the Knights.

## InfoBox

| Midwood High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 1411 Hawthorne Ln
Charlotte, North Carolina 28205
United States | |
| Coordinates | 35°13′15″N 80°48′32″W / 35.2206987°N 80.8089596°W / 35.2206987; -80.8089596 |
| Information | |
| Type | Public |
| Motto | Destination Excellence |
| Established | 2007 (2007) |
| Principal | Diann Weston |
| Color(s) | Orange and blue |
| Mascot | Knights (former) |
| Website | schools.cms.k12.nc.us/midwoodHS/Pages/Default.aspx |


title: Mikko Vilmunen

abstract: Mikko Vilmunen is a Finnish football goalkeeper who plays for PS Kemi in Finland. Vilmunen was instrumental in the Drogheda United's 2007 Setanta Cup win, saving two penalties in the shoot out against Linfield. Mikko joined Drogheda United in November 2006 from FC Haka where he was first choice keeper. In January 2017, Vilmunen extended his contract with Palloseura Kemi Kings for an additional season.

text:
# Mikko Vilmunen

**Mikko Vilmunen** (born 23 August 1980) is a Finnish football goalkeeper who plays for PS Kemi in Finland. Vilmunen was instrumental in the Drogheda United's 2007 Setanta Cup win, saving two penalties in the shoot out against Linfield.

Mikko joined Drogheda United in November 2006 from FC Haka where he was first choice keeper.

In January 2017, Vilmunen extended his contract with Palloseura Kemi Kings for an additional season.

## Honours

* **Finnish Championship:** 1
    + FC Haka – 2004
* **Finnish Cup:** 1
    + FC Haka – 2005
* **Setanta Cup:** 1
    + Drogheda United – 2007
* **F.A.I. League of Ireland:**
* Drogheda United-2007

## InfoBox

Mikko Vilmunen
| Vilmunen in 2005 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Date of birth | (1980-08-23) 23 August 1980 | | |
| Place of birth | Lempäälä, Finland | | |
| Height | 1.87 m (6 ft 1+12 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | PS Kemi | | |
| Number | 35 | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2000–2006 | FC Haka | 92 | (0) |
| 2006–2008 | Drogheda United | 18 | (0) |
| 2008–2009 | Alta IF | 36 | (0) |
| 2010–2011 | KuPS | 34 | (0) |
| 2012 | RoPS | 25 | (0) |
| 2013– | PS Kemi | 47 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 14:55, 31 July 2020 (UTC) | | | |


title: Mikko Volotinen

abstract: Mikko Volotinen was a Finnish politician, born in Kontiolahti. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1966 to 1970, representing the Centre Party. He was a presidential elector in the 1962 and 1968 presidential elections.

text:
# Mikko Volotinen

**Mikko Volotinen** (4 September 1918  23 November 2002) was a Finnish politician, born in Kontiolahti. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1966 to 1970, representing the Centre Party. He was a presidential elector in the 1962 and 1968 presidential elections.

## InfoBox

| Mikko Volotinen | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Parliament of Finland | |
| **In office**<br>1966–1970 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 4 September 1918 |
| Died | 23 November 2002 |
| Political party | Centre Party |
|  | |


title: Miholjsko

abstract: Miholjsko is a village in central Croatia, in the municipality of Vojnić, Karlovac County. It is connected by the D216 highway.

text:
# Miholjsko

**Miholjsko** (Serbian Cyrillic: Михољско) is a village in central Croatia, in the municipality of Vojnić, Karlovac County. It is connected by the D216 highway.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, the village of Miholjsko has 123 inhabitants. This represents 41.28% of its pre-war population according to the 1991 census.

The 1991 census recorded that 98.99% of the village population were ethnic Serbs (295/298), 0.67% were Croats (2/298), and 0.33% were of other/unknown ethnic origin (1/298).

Historical population 1857–2011**Sources**: Croatian Bureau of Statistics

## InfoBox

| Miholjsko Михољско (Serbian) | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| MiholjskoLocation of Miholjsko in Croatia | |
| Coordinates: 45°16′00″N 15°41′00″E / 45.26667°N 15.68333°E / 45.26667; 15.68333 | |
| Country | Croatia |
| County | Karlovac County |
| Municipality | Vojnić |
| Area | |
| Total | 6.6 km2 (2.5 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 87 |
| Density | 13/km2 (34/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 47220 Vojnić |
| Area code | (+385) 47 |