abstract: Memory of the Garden at Etten is an oil painting by Vincent van Gogh. It was executed in Arles around November 1888 and is in the collection of the Hermitage Museum. It was intended as decoration for his bedroom at the Yellow House.

text:
# Memory of the Garden at Etten (Ladies of Arles)

***Memory of the Garden at Etten (Ladies of Arles)*** is an oil painting by Vincent van Gogh. It was executed in Arles around November 1888 and is in the collection of the Hermitage Museum. It was intended as decoration for his bedroom at the Yellow House.

## Background

The "Garden at Etten" refers to the parsonage garden at Etten (now Etten-Leur) which Vincent's father, pastor Theodorus van Gogh, visited in 1875. Vincent spent periods of time there, notably from Easter to Christmas 1881 when he returned to join his brother Theo, an art dealer, determined to become an artist. This period at Etten represents the beginning proper of Vincent's ten-year career as an artist. He had drawn since boyhood, and the previous year had enrolled in a beginners' class in Brussels where he met the painter Anthon van Rappard, but he now began to draw in earnest. He rapidly developed an accomplished technique in landscape drawing but remained rather more uncertain in his figure drawing, which he practised assiduously with the aid of Charles Bargue's drawing course. Rappard made a twelve-day visit during this time, and they sketched together in the marshes and heaths round Etten. Vincent also visited his cousin-in-law Anton Mauve in The Hague, a celebrated artist of the time, who had expressed an interest in his drawings and who encouraged him further. At this time Vincent had not progressed as far as painting, though he did wash some of his drawings with watercolor. At the end of the year he made an extended visit to Mauve, who introduced him to painting. He returned to Etten with the intention of setting up a studio there.

That summer Vincent became infatuated with his recently widowed cousin Kee Vos-Stricker, daughter of the theologian Johannes Stricker, who had been invited to stay over the summer with her eight-year-old son Jan. Vincent had last visited her in Amsterdam some three years before while her husband was still alive (there is a family photo extant dating from 1872 thought to show Vincent side by side with Kee), but now her new situation stirred his tender feelings and romantic disposition. They took pleasant walks together and within the fortnight Vincent proposed marriage. She famously rebuffed him with a curt "No, at no time, never", abruptly taking her leave for Amsterdam and never dealing with him again. Vincent's obsessive attempts to press his suit eventually became a matter of family scandal, culminating in a bitter quarrel with his father on Christmas Day and his leaving the family home to set up his proposed studio in The Hague instead.

Vincent subsequently painted in Drenthe, Nuenen (his last family home), and Antwerp, before joining Theo in Paris in 1886, Finally he set up a studio in 1888 at the Yellow House in Arles, where he was joined by Paul Gauguin, with the intention of forming an artists' commune.

Anna van Gogh Carbentus (Vincent's mother), before 1888. This photo was the source for Vincent's *Portrait of the Artist's Mother* (F477 JH1600).Willemien Jacoba van Gogh (Vincent's youngest sister), *c* 1881. Believed to be the source for the sketch F849 JH11.Kee Vos-Stricher (Vincent's recently widowed cousin and an unrequited love), with her eight-year-old son Jan, *c* 1881.

## History

The painting influenced Gauguin's *Arlésiennes (Mistral)* painted about a month later. In his letters about the painting Vincent makes it clear he was at pains to use his imagination in the way Gauguin was countenancing.

In Gauguin's painting the figure of the older woman is recognisably Madame Ginoux who ran the *Café de la Gare* where Vincent had lodged and which he and Gauguin continued to patronise after moving into the nearby *Yellow House*. Vincent's figures are generally taken to be his mother and sister Willemien. Vincent 's biographer Marc Edo Tralbaut, however, was of the opinion that the younger woman was, consciously or unconsciously, a representation of Kee Vos Stricker. Vincent was somewhat enigmatic on the subject in a letter to his sister:

> I’ve already replied to you that I didn’t like Mother’s portrait enormously. I’ve now just painted a reminiscence of the garden at Etten, to put in my bedroom, and here’s a croquis of it. It’s quite a big canvas.
> Now here are the colours. The younger of the two women walking is wearing a Scottish shawl with green and orange checks and carrying a red parasol. The old one has a blue-violet shawl, almost black. But a bunch of dahlias, some lemon yellow, others variegated pink and white, explode against this sombre figure.
> Behind them a few emerald-green cedar or cypress bushes. Behind these cypresses one catches a glimpse of a bed of pale green and red cabbages, surrounded by a border of little white flowers. The sandy path is a raw orange, the foliage of two beds of scarlet geraniums is very green. Finally, in the middle ground is a maidservant dressed in blue who’s arranging plants with a profusion of white, pink, yellow and vermilion-red flowers.
> There you are, I know it isn’t perhaps much of a resemblance, but for me it conveys the poetic character and the style of the garden as I feel them.
> In the same way, let’s suppose that these two women walking are you and our mother. Let’s even suppose then that there may be not the slightest, absolutely not the slightest vulgar and fatuous resemblance, the deliberate choice of colour, the dark violet violently blotched with the lemon yellow of the dahlias, suggests Mother’s personality to me.
> The figure in the Scottish plaid with the orange and green checks standing out against the dark green of the cypress, this contrast even more exaggerated by the red parasol, gives me an idea of you, vaguely a figure like those in Dickens’s novels.
> I don’t know if you’ll understand that one can speak poetry just by arranging colours well, just as one can say comforting things in music. In the same way the bizarre lines, sought out and multiplied, and snaking all over the painting, aren’t intended to render the garden in its vulgar resemblance but draw it for us as if seen in a dream, in character and yet at the same time stranger than the reality.

In a later letter, he says he has spoiled the painting and refers to it as "that thing I did of the garden at Nuenen" (i.e. his later family home and not Etten), leading Hulsker to suggest he really had no particular location in mind. Hulsker is puzzled by the remark that Vincent thought he had spoiled the painting, describing the painting as fascinating and enigmatic, "rich in subdued yet sparkling colours". Both he and Tralbaut are reminded of medieval stained-glass windows.

## Gauguin's influence

In his *catalogue raisonné*, Hulsker considers the claim that the radical changes now evident in Vincent's work were a result of Gauguin's influence and the Synthetic Symbolism style of painting, a fusion of Neo-Impressionism, Japonisme, and Pont Aven Symbolism, that he developed with Émile Bernard. In a collection of reminisces *Avant et Après* published 15 years later, Gauguin himself made the claim:

> At the time I arrived in Arles, Vincent was full of Neo-Impressionism and was in serious trouble, which made him very sad; not that this school, like all other schools, was bad, but it simply did not suit his impatient and independent nature. With all his yellow on violet, all his painting with complementary colours, which he did in an unsystematic way, he got no further than incomplete, soft, monotonous harmonies; the clarion call was missing. I undertook the task of showing him the way, which I found easy, for I found rich and fertile soil. Like all original natures that show the stamp of personality, Vincent knew no fear and no obstinacy. From that day onward Vincent showed surprising progress; he appeared to discover what lay within him, hence that whole series of sunflowers after sunflowers in full sunshine.

Hulsker remarks that in reality Vincent was already in his prime as an artist when Gauguin arrived. For a while he was influenced by Gauguin's theory of painting from the imagination and *Memory of the Garden at Etten* is certainly a conscious effort to paint in this style, but he soon returned to Realism. As for the *Sunflower* paintings, those had been completed fully two months before Gauguin's arrival.

## Provenance

* Émile Schuffenecker, Clamart \[recorded 1908\]
* Sergei Shchukin, Moscow, cat 1913, nr 35
* Moscow, Museum of Modern Western Art \[acquired 1918\], cat 1928, nr 79
* Leningrad, Hermitage \[acquired 1948\], inv nr 9116, cat 1958, p 291 at 1967, nrs 65-66

## Exhibition history

* 1908 Paris (VvG, Galerie E. Druet, 6–18 January, 35 nrs), 30
* 1926 Moscow
* 1956 Moscow, Leningrad, p II
* 1960 Paris, 49

### Letters

1. "Letter 720 to Willemien van Gogh. Arles, on or about Monday, 12 November 1888". *Vincent van Gogh: The Letters*. Van Gogh Museum. 1. I've already replied to you that I didn't like Mother's portrait enormously. I've now just painted a reminiscence of the garden at Etten, to put in my bedroom, and here's a croquis of it. It's quite a big canvas... \[with sketch and extended description\]
2. "Letter 719 to Theo van Gogh. Arles, Sunday, 11 or Monday, 12 November 1888". *Vincent van Gogh: The Letters*. Van Gogh Museum. 1v:3. I've been working on two canvases.
A reminiscence of our garden at Etten with cabbages, cypresses, dahlias and figures ...Gauguin gives me courage to imagine, and the things of the imagination do indeed take on a more mysterious character.
3. "Letter 723 to Theo van Gogh. Arles, on or about Saturday, 1 December 1888". *Vincent van Gogh: The Letters*. Van Gogh Museum. 1r:1. Our \[i.e. Vincent and Gauguin\] days pass in working, working always, in the evening we're worn out and go to the café before retiring to bed early. That's our existence. Naturally it's winter here too, although the weather still continues to be very fine from time to time. But I don't find it disagreeable to try to work from the imagination, since that permits me not to go out. Working in the heat of a stove doesn't bother me, but the cold isn't for me, as you know. Only I've spoiled that thing I did of the garden at Nuenen and I feel that habit is also necessary for works of the imagination. But I've done the portraits of an entire family ...

### Bibliography

* Roland Dorn (1990). *Décoration: Vincent van Goghs Werkreihe für das Gelbe Haus in Arles*. Georg Olms Verlag. ISBN 978-3-487-09098-6.
* Gamboni, Dario, *Paul Gauguin: The Mysterious Centre of Thought*, 2014. ISBN 978-1780234083
* Hulsker, Jan. *The Complete Van Gogh*. Oxford: Phaidon, 1980. ISBN 0-7148-2028-8
* Gayford, Martin. *The Yellow House: Van Gogh, Gauguin, and Nine Turbulent Weeks in Provence*. New York: Mariner Books, 2008. ISBN 0-618-99058-5
* Naifeh, Steven; Smith, Gregory White. *Van Gogh: The Life*. Profile Books, 2011. ISBN 978-1846680106
* Pomerans, Arnold. *The Letters of Vincent van Gogh*. Penguin Classics, 2003. ISBN 978-0140446746
* Tralbaut, Marc Edo *8 x Van Gogh; Vincent van Gogh et les Femmes* (Antwerp: Pierre Peré, 1962)
* Tralbaut, Marc Edo. *Vincent van Gogh*, Macmillan, London 1969, ISBN 0-333-10910-4

## InfoBox

| *Memory of the Garden at Etten<br>(Ladies of Arles)* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Artist | Vincent van Gogh |
| Year | 1888 |
| Catalogue |  |
| Medium | Oil on canvas |
| Dimensions | 73.5 cm × 92.5 cm (29 in × 36.5 in) |
| Location | Hermitage, St. Petersburg |
| Website | Museum page |


title: Nick Carter-Killmaster

abstract: Nick Carter-Killmaster is a series of spy adventures published from 1964 until 1990, first by Award Books, then by Ace Books, and finally by Jove Books. At least 261 novels were published. The character is an update of a pulp fiction private detective named Nick Carter, first published in 1886. No actual author is credited for the books, with the Nick Carter name being used as a house pseudonym. Volumes varied between first-person and third-person narratives. Authors known to have contributed entries in the series are Michael Avallone, Valerie Moolman, Manning Lee Stokes, Dennis Lynds, Gayle Lynds, Robert J. Randisi, David Hagberg, and Martin Cruz Smith. The name Nick Carter was acknowledged by the series as having been inspired by the early 20th century pulp fiction detective of the same name in the 100th Killmaster volume which included an essay on the earlier Nick Carter and included a Nick Carter detective short story alongside a Killmaster adventure. The title character of the series serves as Agent N3 of AXE, a fictional spy agency for the United States government. The novels are similar to the literary James Bond novels—low on gadgets, high on action. Sexual encounters in particular are described in detail.

text:
# Nick Carter-Killmaster

***Nick Carter-Killmaster*** is a series of spy adventures published from 1964 until 1990, first by Award Books, then by Ace Books, and finally by Jove Books. At least 261 novels were published. The character is an update of a pulp fiction private detective named Nick Carter, first published in 1886.

No actual author is credited for the books, with the Nick Carter name being used as a house pseudonym. Volumes varied between first-person and third-person narratives. Authors known to have contributed entries in the series are Michael Avallone, Valerie Moolman, Manning Lee Stokes, Dennis Lynds, Gayle Lynds, Robert J. Randisi, David Hagberg, and Martin Cruz Smith. The name Nick Carter was acknowledged by the series as having been inspired by the early 20th century pulp fiction detective of the same name in the 100th Killmaster volume (labelled *Nick Carter 100*) which included an essay on the earlier Nick Carter and included a Nick Carter detective short story alongside a Killmaster adventure.

The title character of the series serves as Agent N3 of AXE, a fictional spy agency for the United States government. The novels are similar to the literary James Bond novels—low on gadgets, high on action. Sexual encounters in particular are described in detail.

## The character

The definitive description of Nicholas J. Huntington Carter is given in the first novel in the series, *Run, Spy, Run*. Carter is tall (over 6 feet (1.8 m)), lean and handsome with a classic profile and magnificently muscled body. He has wide-set steel gray eyes that are icy, cruel and dangerous. He is hard-faced, with a firm straight mouth, laugh-lines around the eyes, and a firm cleft chin. His hair is thick and dark. He has a small tattoo of a blue axe on the inside right lower arm near the elbow—the ultimate ID for an AXE agent. At least one novel states that the tattoo glows in the dark. Carter also has a knife scar on the shoulder, a shrapnel scar on the right thigh. He has a sixth sense for danger.

Carter served as a soldier in World War II, then with the OSS, before he joined his current employer AXE.

Carter practices yoga for at least 15 minutes a day. Carter has a prodigious ability for learning foreign languages. He is fluent in English (his native tongue), Cantonese, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Portuguese, Putonghua (Mandarin), Russian, Sanskrit, Spanish and Vietnamese. He has basic skills in Arabic, Hindi, Japanese, Korean, Romansch, Swahili, and Turkish. In the early novels, Carter often assumes a number of elaborate disguises in order to execute his missions.

## Weapons and paraphernalia

Nick Carter uses three main weapons during the course of the series, all of which are named, and have histories. The gun, Wilhelmina, is a stripped-down German Luger. In the earliest stories, Carter got the gun off a German officer during a harrowing mission during World War II. Later stories state that he has had a series of Lugers, all named Wilhelmina. The knife, Hugo, is a pearl-handled 400-year-old stiletto crafted by Benvenuto Cellini. The blade retracts into the handle, and the knife is worn on a special sheath on the wrist, designed to release it into the user's hand with a simple muscle contraction. The third member of the triad is Pierre, a poison gas bomb, which is a small egg-shaped device, usually carried in a pocket but sometimes as a "third testicle" at his scrotum. Activated with a simple twist, it would, within seconds, kill anyone or anything that breathed its potassium cyanide, an odorless and colorless gas.

Carter often takes with him other weapons as the mission demands. These have included:

* Cousin of Pierre: a smaller version of Pierre the poison gas bomb that can be concealed even more easily—described in *The China Doll*;
* Fang: a poison-tipped needle worn on a concealed index finger cap described in *Saigon*;
* Pepito: a non-lethal stun grenade used in *Checkmate in Rio*.
* Tiny Tim: a nuclear grenade "containing half a grain of sand of fissionable matter" used in *Istanbul* and *The Red Guard*
* 10,000-watt laser pistol used in *Hanoi*
* Cigarette lighter that fires drugged darts used in *Hanoi*
* Exploding cigars used in *Hanoi*

Carter has used a variety of equipment in the novels, most of which have nicknames. These have included:

* Antonio Moreno: a lifelike facemask made of a latex substance called Lastotex (apparently named after Antonio Moreno, the 1920s silent movie star);
* Gladstone: a rhino hide suitcase with multiple concealed compartments;
* Oscar Johnson: a small radio transmitter (unclear if it is named after Oscar Johnson, a baseball player active in the 1920s and 1930s, or Oscar G. Johnson, the World War II Medal of Honor recipient);
* Quantity K: a powerful acid strong enough to destroy evidence/documents;
* Laser torch: for burning through door locks used in *The Weapon of Night*;
* Singing Sam: a radio receiver concealed in electric razor/electric toothbrush used in *Istanbul*;
* Wristwatch with UHF transmitter used in *Hanoi*;
* Triple X tablet: a universal poison antidote and pep pill used in *Hanoi*;
* Talkalot: a scopolamine-like truth drug used in *Danger Key*;
* Unnamed injectable knockout drug requiring subsequent injection of antidote to regain consciousness used in *The Weapon of Night*;
* Store: an injectable drug that induces a week-long state of suspended animation used in *Peking & The Tulip Affair*

## AXE

The agency Carter works for is described as being smaller and far more secret than the CIA, mostly concerned with assassinations. In the first novel of the series, *Run, Spy, Run*, AXE is described as "the trouble-shooting arm of the US secret services". AXE headquarters are located in the 6th floor offices of a building in Dupont Circle, Washington, DC under the cover of the Amalgamated Press and Wire Service. AXE is purported to contain several different departments with specific functions including Editing (later called "Special Effects and Editing")—headed by Geoffrey Poindexter—which, among other things, creates false biographies for agents and provides appropriate props (e.g. fake latex fingerprints); Documents—whose role is to plant stories in the media to support specific activities and create false identification and travel documents; Records—which provides background information on suspects; and Operations—which provides logistic support for specific missions. AXE has a branch office near Columbus Circle, New York City and affiliate offices in countries around the world.

Agents are given code designations; Carter's N3, which has at least once been stated as standing for Number three, identifies him as one of the elite Killmasters. It has been stated in some novels that there are four Killmasters in AXE, with Carter the most senior. The meaning of the code N3 is described differently in different novels—sometimes it is Carter's personal designation, other times it is considered a rank, with N1 being the highest, while in other novels we are told that Carter is the third Killmaster to have worked for AXE, with both his predecessors having been killed in action.

* David Hawk, described in early novels as looking a lot like Uncle Sam, is the head of AXE and Carter's personal boss.
* Della Stokes, Hawk's personal secretary, is a character similar to Bond's Miss Moneypenny—flirtatious but serious.
* Ginger Bateman is Hawk's personal secretary in later novels.
* Geoffrey Poindexter, AXE's equivalent to , runs the Special Effects and Editing department; in charge of weapons, gadgets, disguises, and papers.

## AXE agents

In the first novel in the series (*Run, Spy, Run*), AXE is described as comprising 24 agents. They are identified by alpha-numeric code. The following agents/codes have been described:

| code | name | book | date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| A2 | unnamed | *Hanoi* | 1966 |
| A4 | unnamed | *Fraulein Spy* | 1964 October |
| A7 | Alec Greenberg; based in AXE's London office | *The Weapon of Night* | 1967 |
| A12 | using pseudonym "Alfred" | *Fraulein Spy* | 1964 October |
| A24 | unnamed | *Run, Spy, Run* | 1964 February |
| B5 | unnamed | *Hanoi* | 1966 |
| B12 | unnamed, but nicknamed "Vitamin" | *Fraulein Spy* | 1964 October |
| C4 | unnamed | *Fraulein Spy* | 1964 October |
| D5 | Dan Eiger | based in Iraq, killed in *The Weapon of Night* | 1967 |
| E14 | Red Turner | *A Bullet for Fidel* | 1965 March |
| H19 | Hakim Sadek, Egyptian policeman and academic | *The Weapon of Night* | 1967 |
| K7 | unnamed | *Run, Spy, Run* | 1964 February |
| J2 | unnamed; briefs Carter on his trip to Japan | *The China Doll* | 1964 April |
| J20 | Jean Paul Turnier | *The Terrible Ones* | 1966 May |
| L32 | Hank Peterson | *Operation Moon Rocket* | 1968 |
| N1 | unnamed | stated killed in *The Red Guard* | 1967 |
| N1 | unnamed | stated killed in *Temple of Fear* | 1968 |
| N1 | Stuart Hample | *The Peking Dossier* | 1975 |
| N1 | David Hawk | in *Trouble in Paradise* | 1978 |
| N1 | Theodore Salonikos | dies in *Hide And Go Die* | 1983 |
| N2 | unnamed | stated killed in *The Red Guard* | 1967 |
| N2 | unnamed | stated killed in *Temple of Fear* | 1968 |
| N3 | Nick Carter |
| N4 | unnamed | stated killed in *Temple of Fear* | 1968 |
| N5 | unnamed; an inexperienced agent | *Temple of Fear* | 1968 |
| N5 | McLaughlin | *Dr. Death* | 1975 |
| N6 | Joe Banks | stated dead in *Six Bloody Summer Days* | 1975 |
| N6 or N7 | Tom Boxer | *Macao* | 1969 |
| N7 | Clay Vincent | *Agent Counter-Agent* | 1973 |
| N7 | unnamed | stated dead in *Hide And Go Die* | 1983 |
| N12 | John Sparks | *Under the Wall* | 1978 |
| N12 | unnamed | stated dead in *Hide And Go Die* | 1983 |
| N17 | Dennis Gordon | dies in *The Golden Bull* | 1981 |
| N17 | Bill Qualley | *Hide And Go Die* | 1983 |
| N30 | Kiki Pederson | dies in *Trouble in Paradise* | 1978 |
| N86 | Sean Singer | recruited in *Hide And Go Die* | 1983 |
| N92 | Penelope Taylor | knife trained by N86 in *Ruby Red Death* | 1990 |
| P3 | David Trainor | murdered in *A Bullet for Fidel* | 1965 March |
| P4 | unnamed, described as a mole in the Kremlin | *Safari for Spies* | 1964 August |
| P21 | Martha Ryerson | *Rhodesia* | 1968 |
| Q7 | Ellie Harmon | *Hanoi* | 1966 |
| Z4 | Zeke, works in the AXE Psycho Lab | *Hanoi* | 1966 |

## Novels

N.B.: The listing here is in series order (not necessarily by publication date, which is given)

1. *Run, Spy, Run* (Feb. 1964) A101F by Michael Avallone/Valerie Moolman
2. *The China Doll* (April 1964) A105F by Michael Avallone/Valerie Moolman
3. *Checkmate in Rio* (May 1964) A110F by Valerie Moolman
4. *Safari for Spies* (Aug. 1964) A114F by Valerie Moolman
5. *Fraulein Spy* (Oct. 1964) A118F by Valerie Moolman
6. *Saigon* (Dec. 1964) A122F by Michael Avallone/Valerie Moolman
7. *A Bullet for Fidel* (March 1965) A130F by Valerie Moolman
8. *The 13th Spy* (May 1965) A139F by Valerie Moolman
9. *The Eyes of the Tiger* (Sept. 1965) A152F by Manning Lee Stokes
10. *Istanbul* (Oct. 1965) A157F by Manning Lee Stokes
11. *Web of Spies* (Jan. 1966) A163F by Manning Lee Stokes
12. *Spy Castle* (Jan. 1966) A166F by Manning Lee Stokes
13. *The Terrible Ones* (May 1966) A172F by Valerie Moolman
14. *Dragon Flame* (May 1966) A173F by Manning Lee Stokes
15. *Hanoi* (1966) A182F by Valerie Moolman
16. *Danger Key* (1966) A183F by Lew Louderback
17. *Operation Starvation* (1966) A197F by Nicholas Browne
18. *The Mind Poisoners* (1966) A198F by Lionel White/Valerie Moolman
19. *The Weapon of Night* (1967) A215F by Valerie Moolman
20. *The Golden Serpent* (1967) A216F by Manning Lee Stokes
21. *Mission to Venice* (1967) A228X by Manning Lee Stokes
22. *Double Identity* (1967) A229X by Manning Lee Stokes
23. *The Devil's Cockpit* (1967) A238X by Manning Lee Stokes
24. *The Chinese Paymaster* (1967) A239X by Nicholas Browne
25. *Seven Against Greece* (Sept 1967) A247X by Nicholas Browne
26. *A Korean Tiger* (1967) A248X by Manning Lee Stokes
27. *Assignment: Israel* (1967) A260X by Manning Lee Stokes
28. *The Red Guard* (1967) A261X by Manning Lee Stokes
29. *The Filthy Five* (Nov 1967) A276X by Manning Lee Stokes
30. *The Bright Blue Death* (1967) A277X by Nicholas Browne
31. *Macao* (1968) A294X by Manning Lee Stokes
32. *Operation Moon Rocket* (1968) A295X by Lew Louderback
33. *Judas Spy* (April 1968) A325X by William L Rohde
34. *Hood of Death* (1968) A326X by William L Rohde
35. *Amsterdam* (1968) A366X by William L Rohde
36. *Temple Of Fear* (Oct 1968) A367X by Manning Lee Stokes
37. *14 Seconds to Hell* (Nov 1968) A376X by Jon Messmann
38. *The Defector* (1969) A405X by George Snyder
39. *Carnival for Killing* (1969) A406X by Jon Messmann
40. *Rhodesia* (1968) A409X by William L Rohde
41. *The Red Rays* (1969) A423X by Manning Lee Stokes
42. *Peking & The Tulip Affair* (1969) A424X by Arnold Marmor
43. *The Amazon* (1969) A441X by Jon Messmann
44. *Sea Trap* (1969) A442X by Jon Messmann
45. *Berlin* (1969) A455X by Jon Messmann
46. *The Human Time Bomb* (July 1969) A456X by William L Rohde
47. *The Cobra Kill* (1969) A495X by Manning Lee Stokes
48. *The Living Death* (Sept. 1969) A496X by Jon Messmann
49. *Operation Che Guevara* (1969) A509X by Jon Messmann
50. *The Doomsday Formula* (Nov. 1969) A520X by Jon Messmann
51. *Operation Snake* (Dec. 1969) A559X by Jon Messmann
52. *The Casbah Killers* (1969) A560X by Jon Messmann
53. *The Arab Plague* (a.k.a. *The Slavemaster* in the U.K.) (Feb. 1970) A583X by Jon Messmann
54. *Red Rebellion* (1970) A584X by Jon Messmann
55. *The Executioners* (April 1970) A598X by Jon Messmann
56. *Black Death* (March 1970) A631X by Manning Lee Stokes
57. *Mind Killers* (1970) A655X by Jon Messmann
58. *Time Clock of Death* (June 1970) A656X by George Snyder
59. *Cambodia* (1970) A686X by George Snyder
60. *The Death Strain* (Aug. 1970) A703S by Jon Messmann
61. *Moscow* (1970) A710S by George Snyder
62. *Jewel of Doom* (1970) A744S by George Snyder
63. *Ice Bomb Zero* (March 1971) A787S by George Snyder
64. *Mark of Cosa Nostra* (1971) A847S by George Snyder
65. *The Cairo Mafia* (Aug. 1972) AN1001 by Ralph Eugene Hayes
66. *Inca Death Squad* (Sept. 1972) AN1016 by Martin Cruz Smith
67. *Assault on England* (Oct. 1972) AN1030 by Ralph Eugene Hayes
68. *The Omega Terror* (Nov. 1972) AN1033 by Ralph Eugene Hayes
69. *Code Name: Werewolf* (Jan. 1973) AN1055 by Martin Cruz Smith
70. *Strike Force Terror* (1972) AN1056 by Ralph Eugene Hayes
71. *Target: Doomsday Island* (Feb. 1973) AN1075 By Richard Hubbard
72. *Night of the Avenger* (April 1973) AN1079 by Chet Cunningham
73. *Butcher of Belgrade* (April 1973) AN1109 by Ralph Eugene Hayes / Larry Powell
74. *Assassination Brigade* (April 1973) AN1121 by Thomas Chastain
75. *The Liquidator* (1973) AN1127 by Richard Hubbard
76. *The Devil's Dozen* (1973) AN1133 by Martin Cruz Smith
77. *The Code* (1973) AN1146 by Larry Powell
78. *Agent Counter-Agent* (July 1973) AN1147 by Ralph Eugene Hayes
79. *Hour of the Wolf* (Aug. 1973) AN1157 by Jeffrey Wallman
80. *Our Agent in Rome is Missing* (1973) AN1160 by Al Hine
81. *The Kremlin File* (Sept. 1973) AN1165 by Willis T Ballard
82. *Spanish Connection* (Sept. 1973) AN1166 by Bruce Cassidy
83. *Death's Head Conspiracy* (1973) AN1178 by Robert Colby
84. *The Peking Dossier* (Dec. 1973) AN1217 by Linda Stewart
85. *Ice-trap Terror* (1974) AN1227 by Jeffrey Wallman
86. *Assassin: Code Name Vulture* (Jan. 1974) AN1239 by Ralph Eugene Hayes
87. *Massacre in Milan* (March 1974) AN1251 by Al Hine
88. *Vatican Vendetta* (1974) AN1263 by George Snyder / Ralph Eugene Hayes
89. *Sign of the Cobra* (1974) AN1270 by James Fritxhand
90. *The Man Who Sold Death* (1974) AN1297 by Lawrence Van Gelder
91. *The N3 Conspiracy* (Aug. 1974) AQ1332 by Dennis Lynds
92. *Beirut Incident* (1974) AQ1333 by Forrest V Perrin
93. *Death of the Falcon* (1974) AQ1354 by Jim Bowser
94. *The Aztec Avenger* (1974) AQ1356 by Saul Wernick
95. *The Jerusalem File* (1975)AQ1400 by Linda Stewart
96. *Dr. Death* (1975) AY1424 by Craig Nova
97. *Counterfeit Agent* (1975) AQ1439 by Douglas Marland
98. *Six Bloody Summer Days* (1975) AQ1449 by DeWitt S Copp
99. *The Z Document* (1975) AQ1460 by Homer H Morris
100. *The Katmandu Contract* (1975)AQ1479 by Jim Bowser
101. *The Ultimate Code* (1975) AQ1486 by William Odell
102. *Assignment: Intercept* (1976) AQ1512 by Marilyn Granbeck
103. *Green Wolf Connection* (1976) AQ1546 by Dennis Lynds
104. *Death Message: Oil 74-2* (1976) AQ1559 by Dee Stuart / Ansel Chapin
105. *The List* (1976) AQ1556 by Jim Bowser
106. *The Fanatics of Al Asad* (1976) AQ1575 by Saul Wernick
107. *The Snake Flag Conspiracy* (1976) AQ1576 by Saul Wernick
108. *The Turncoat* (1976) AQ1581 by Leon Lazarus
109. *The Sign of the Prayer Shawl* (1976) AQ1590 by David Hagberg
110. *The Vulcan Disaster* (1976) AQ1600 by George Warren
111. *A High Yield in Death* (1976) AQ1609 by Jim Bowser
112. *The Nichovev Plot* (1976) AQ1623 by Craig Nova
113. *Triple Cross* (1976) AQ1636 by Dennis Lynds
114. *The Gallagher Plot* (1976) AQ1647 by Saul Wernick
115. *Plot for the Fourth Reich* (Jan. 1977) AQ1655 by Bob Latona
116. *Revenge of the Generals* (June 1978) (AQ1664 Feb 1977 Cancelled) by Saul Wernick
117. *Under the Wall* (July 1978) (AQ1673 March 1977 cancelled) by DeWitt S Copp
118. *The Ebony Cross* (Aug. 1978) AQ1683 (April 1977 cancelled) by Jack Canon
119. *Deadly Doubles* (Sept. 1978) (AQ1695 May 1977 cancelled) by Lawrence Van Gelder
120. *Race of Death* (Oct. 1978) by David Hagberg
121. *Trouble in Paradise* (Nov. 1978) by Robert Derek Steeley
122. *Pamplona Affair* (Dec. 1978) by Dee Stuart/Ansel Chapin
123. *The Doomsday Spore* (Jan. 1979) by George Warren
124. *The Asian Mantrap* (Feb. 1979) by William Odell
125. *Thunderstrike in Syria* (March 1979) By Joseph Rosenberger
126. *The Redolmo Affair* (April 1979) by Jack Canon
127. *The Jamaican Exchange* (May 1979) by Leon Lazarus
128. *Tropical Deathpact* (June 1979) by Bob Stokesberry
129. *The Pemex Chart* (July 1979) by Dwight V Swain
130. *Hawaii* (Sept. 1979) by Daniel C Prince
131. *The Satan Trap* (Oct. 1979) by Jack Canon
132. *Reich Four* (Nov. 1979) by Fred Huber
133. *The Nowhere Weapon* (Dec. 1979) by William Odell
134. *Strike Of The Hawk* (Jan 1980) by Joseph L Gilmore
135. *Day Of The Dingo* (April 1980) by John Stevenson
136. *And Next The King* (May 1980) by Steve Simmons
137. *Tarantula Strike* (June 1980) by Dan Reardon
138. *Ten Times Dynamite* (July 1980) by Frank Adduci jr
139. *Eighth Card Stud* (Aug. 1980) by Robert E. Vardeman
140. *Suicide Seat* (Sept. 1980) by George Warren
141. *Death Mission: Havana* (Oct. 1980) by Ron Felber
142. *War From The Clouds* (Nov. 1980) by Joseph L Gilmore
143. *Turkish Bloodbath* (Dec. 1980) by Jerry Ahern
144. *The Coyote Connection* (Feb. 1981) by Bill Crider/Jack Davis
145. *The Q Man* (March 1981) by John Stevenson
146. *The Society Of Nine* (April 1981) by Jack Canon
147. *The Ouster Conspiracy* (May 1981) by David Hagberg
148. *The Golden Bull* (June 1981) by John Stevenson
149. *The Dubrovnik Massacre* (July 1981) by Henry Rasof/Stephen Williamson
150. *The Solar Menace* (Aug. 1981) by Robert E. Vardeman
151. *The Strontium Code* (Sept. 1981) by David Hagberg
152. *Pleasure Island* (Oct. 1981) by Robert J Randisi
153. *Cauldron Of Hell* (Nov. 1981) by Mike Jahn
154. *The Parisian Affair* (Dec. 1981) by H Edward Husenburger
155. *Chessmaster* (Jan. 1982) by Robert J Randisi
156. *The Last Samurai* (Feb. 1982) by Bruce Algozin
157. *The Puppet Master* (March 1982) by David Hagberg
158. *The Dominican Affair* (March 1982) by David Hagberg
159. *The Damocles Threat* (March 1982) by David Hagberg
160. *Earth Shaker* (March 1982) by Robert E. Vardeman
161. *The Treason Game* (March 1982) by Joseph L Gilmore
162. *Deathlight* (March 1982) by Jerry Ahern
163. *The Israeli Connection* (March 1982) by Robert Derek Steeley
164. *Norwegian Typhoon* (April 1982) by Robert E. Vardeman
165. *The Hunter* (May 1982) by David Hagberg
166. *Operation: McMurdo Sound* (June 1982) by David Hagberg
167. *Appointment In Haiphong* (July 1982) by David Hagberg
168. *Retreat For Death* (Aug. 1982) by David Hagberg
169. *The Mendoza Manuscript* (Sept. 1982) by Robert J Randisi
170. *The Death Star Affair* (Oct. 1982) by Jack Canon
171. *Doctor DNA* (Nov. 1982) by Robert E. Vardeman
172. *The Christmas Kill* (Jan. 1983) by Joseph L Gilmore
173. *The Greek Summit* (Feb. 1983) by Robert J Randisi
174. *The Outback Ghosts* (March 1983) by Robert E. Vardeman
175. *Hide And Go Die* (April 1983) by Jack Canon
176. *The Kali Death Cult* (May 1983) by Robert E. Vardeman
177. *Operation Vendetta* (June 1983) by Joseph L Gilmore
178. *The Yukon Target* (July 1983) by Robert E. Vardeman
179. *The Death Dealer* (Aug. 1983) by Jack Canon
180. *The Istanbul Decision* (Sept. 1983) by David Hagberg
181. *The Decoy Hit* (Oct. 1983) by Robert J Randisi
182. *Earthfire North* (Nov. 1983) by David Hagberg
183. *The Budapest Run* (Dec. 1983) by Jack Canon
184. *Caribbean Coup* (Jan. 1984) by Robert J Randisi
185. *The Algarve Affair* (Feb. 1984) by Jack Canon
186. *Zero-Hour Strike Force* (March 1984) by David Hagberg
187. *Operation Sharkbite* (April 1984) by Jack Canon
188. *Death Island* (May 1984) by David Hagberg
189. *Night of the Warheads* (June 1984) by Jack Canon
190. *Day of the Mahdi* (July 1984) by Gayle Lynds
191. *Assignment: Rio* (August 1984) by Jack Canon
192. *Death Hand Play* (Sept. 1984) by David Hagberg
193. *The Kremlin Kill* (Oct. 1984) Jack Canon
194. *The Mayan Connection* (Nov. 1984) by Gayle Lynds
195. *San Juan Inferno* (Dec. 1984) by Joseph L Gilmore
196. *Circle of Scorpions* (Jan. 1985) by Jack Canon
197. *The Blue Ice Affair* (Feb. 1985) by Ron Felber
198. *The Macao Massacre* (March 1985) by Jack Canon
199. *Pursuit of the Eagle* (April 1985) by Gayle Lynds
200. *The Vengeance Game* (May 1985) by David Hagberg
201. *Last Flight to Moscow* (June 1985) by Joseph L Gilmore
202. *The Normandy Code* (July 1985) by Jack Canon
203. *White Death* (Aug. 1985) by Gayle Lynds
204. *The Assassin Convention* (Sept. 1985) by Joseph L Gilmore
205. *Blood of the Scimitar* (Oct. 1985) by Jack Canon
206. *The Execution Exchange* (Nov. 1985) by Dennis Lynds
207. *The Tarlov Cipher* (Dec. 1985) by Jack Canon
208. *Target Red Star* (Jan. 1986) by Jack Canon
209. *The Killing Ground* (Jan. 1986) by David Hagberg
210. *The Berlin Target* (Feb. 1986) by Jack Canon
211. *Mercenary Mountain* (March 1986) by Dennis Lynds
212. *Blood Ultimatum* (April 1986) by Ron Felber
213. *The Cyclops Conspiracy* (May 1986) by Dennis Lynds
214. *Tunnel for Traitors* (June 1986) by Jack Canon
215. *The Samurai Kill* (July 1986) by Dennis Lynds
216. *Terror Times Two* (Aug. 1986) by Jack Canon
217. *Death Orbit* (Sept. 1986) by David Hagberg
218. *Slaughter Day* (Oct. 1986) by Jack Canon
219. *The Master Assassin* (Nov. 1986) by Dennis Lynds
220. *Operation Petrograd* (Dec. 1986) by David Hagberg
221. *Crossfire Red* (Jan. 1987) by Jack Canon
222. *Blood of the Falcon* (Feb. 1987) By Dennis Lynds
223. *Death Squad* (March 1987) by Jack Canon
224. *The Terror Code* (April 1987) by Jack Canon
225. *Holy War* (May 1987) by Jack Canon
226. *Blood Raid* (June 1987) by Jack Canon
227. *East of Hell* (July 1987) by David Hagberg
228. *Killing Games* (Aug. 1987) by Jack Canon
229. *Terms of Vengeance* (Sept. 1987) by Jack Canon
230. *Pressure Point* (Oct. 1987) by Jack Garside
231. *Night of the Condor* (Nov. 1987) by Gardner F. Fox
232. *The Poseidon Target* (Dec. 1987) by Jack Canon
233. *The Andropov File* (Jan. 1988) by Jack Garside
234. *Dragonfire* (Feb. 1988) by David Hagberg
235. *Bloodtrail to Mecca* (March 1988) by Jack Canon
236. *Deathstrike* (April 1988) by Jack Garside
237. *Lethal Prey* (May 1988) by David Hagberg
238. *Spykiller* (June 1988) by David Hagberg
239. *Bolivian Heat* (July 1988) by Jack Canon
240. *The Rangoon Man* (Aug. 1988) by Jack Canon
241. *Code Name Cobra* (Sept. 1988) by Jack Garside
242. *Afgan Intercept* (Oct. 1988) by Jack Garside
243. *Countdown to Armageddon* (Nov. 1988) by Jack Canon
244. *Black Sea Bloodbath* (Dec. 1988) by Jack Garside
245. *The Deadly Diva* (Jan. 1989) by Jack Canon
246. *Invitation to Death* (Feb. 1989) by David Hagberg
247. *Day of the Assassin* (March 1989) by Jack Canon
248. *The Korean Kill* (April 1989) Jack Canon
249. *Middle East Massacre* (May 1989) by Jack Canon
250. *Sanction to Slaughter* (June 1989) by Jack Garside
251. *Holiday in Hell* (July 1989) by Jack Canon
252. *Law of the Lion* (Aug. 1989) by Shelly Loewenkopf
253. *Hong Kong Hit* (Sept. 1989) by Jack Canon
254. *Deep Sea Death* (Oct. 1989) by Jack Garside
255. *Arms of Vengeance* (Nov. 1989) by Shelly Loewenkopf
256. *Hell-Bound Express* (Dec. 1989) by Jack Canon
257. *Isle of Blood* (Jan. 1990) by Jack Canon
258. *Singapore Sling* (Feb. 1990) by Jack Garside
259. *Ruby Red Death*(March 1990) by Jack Garside
260. *Arctic Abduction* (April 1990) by Jack Garside
261. *Dragon Slay* (May 1990) by Jack Canon

## InfoBox

| Country | United States |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Publisher |  |


title: RT-20P

abstract: The RT-20P was an experimental intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) developed but not deployed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The control system for it was designed at NPO "Electropribor". It was assigned the NATO reporting name SS-15 Scrooge and carried the GRAU index 8K99. The RT-20 was the first mobile ICBM designed by the Soviet Union. Its launch platform was based on the T-10 tank.

text:
# RT-20P

The **RT-20P** was an experimental intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) developed but not deployed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The control system for it was designed at NPO "Electropribor" (Kharkiv, Ukraine). It was assigned the NATO reporting name **SS-15 Scrooge** and carried the GRAU index **8K99**. The RT-20 was the first mobile ICBM designed by the Soviet Union. Its launch platform was based on the T-10 tank.

## History

In the late 50s, the USSR started studying the usage of solid rocket motors and other modern technologies such as turbojets in ICBMs to improve their performance. From 1961 to 1962, several concepts of the missile were proposed at OKB-586 and in 1963 development was transferred to their R&D, with the ultimate goal of creating an ICBM with a total mass of no more than 30 tons. In 1964, preliminary design of the missile was completed and test firings of the engines commenced in 1965. On September 27, 1967, the missile had its first test flight and from October 1967 onward, flight tests of the missile were carried out at the 53rd Scientific Research Proving Ground (53rd NIIP). On October 6, 1969, development of the missile was discontinued to unwillingness of the Strategic Rocket Forces to work with a missile containing both liquid and solid propellant.

Despite never being deployed, the missile provided the groundwork for other mobile ICBMs, such as the RT-21 Temp 2S and the RT-2PM Topol.

## Operator

Soviet UnionThe Strategic Rocket Forces was the only operator of the RT-20.     1. "RD-857". *astronautix.com*. Archived from the original on 16 January 2010.
2. "Rt-20P / Ss-15 Scrooge". *globalsecurity.org*.
3. Kinnear, James; Sewell, Stephen (2017-06-29). *Soviet T-10 Heavy Tank and Variants*. Bloomsbury. ISBN 9781472820525.
4. Krivonosov, Khartron: Computers for rocket guidance systems
5. A. A. Bashlakova (2007). Северный космодром России \[*Northern Cosmodrome of Russia*\] (PDF) (in Russian). p. 480-481.
6. S. N. Konyukhova. (2001). Ракеты и космические аппараты конструкторского бюро «Южное» \[*Rockets and spacecraft of the Yuzhnoye design bureau*\] (in Russian). ColorGraph LLC. p. 59-61. ISBN 9667482006.

## InfoBox

| RT-20P | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | ICBM |
| Place of origin | USSR |
| Production history | |
| Designed | 1961-1964 |
| Produced | 1964-1967 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 30,200 kg (66,600 lb)
+545 kg (1,202 lb) (Light Warhead version)
+1,410 kg (3,110 lb) (Heavy Warhead version) |
| Length | 17.48 m (57.3 ft) 'Light' Warhead
17.80 m (58.4 ft) 'Heavy' Warhead |
| Diameter | 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) |
| Warhead | Single 0.4 MT 'Light' Warhead or
Single 1 MT 'Heavy' Warhead |
| --- | |
| Engine | Solid fueled First Stage
Liquid fueled Second Stage

First stage:
15D15 Solid Rocket Motor
Second Stage:
RD-857 Liquid Rocket Engine |
| Propellant | Solid Propellant
AK-27P \+ UDMH |
| Operational
range | 11,000 km (6,800 mi)
(Light warhead)
8,000 km (5,000 mi)
(Heavy warhead) |
| Guidance
system | inertial |
| Accuracy | CEP 4 km |
| Launch
platform | TEL; platform based on T-10 tank |


title: Purple Violets

abstract: Purple Violets is a 2007 American independent romantic comedy film written and directed by Edward Burns, who also co-stars. It is set in lower Manhattan, about four friends from college who unexpectedly meet again after twelve years apart. The film stars Selma Blair, Patrick Wilson, Debra Messing and Burns. It also features Dennis Farina, Donal Logue and Elizabeth Reaser. Purple Violets became the first feature film to debut on the iTunes Store.

text:
# Purple Violets

***Purple Violets*** is a 2007 American independent romantic comedy film written and directed by Edward Burns, who also co-stars. It is set in lower Manhattan, about four friends from college who unexpectedly meet again after twelve years apart. The film stars Selma Blair, Patrick Wilson, Debra Messing and Burns. It also features Dennis Farina, Donal Logue and Elizabeth Reaser. *Purple Violets* became the first feature film to debut on the iTunes Store.

## Plot summary

Patti Petalson (Selma Blair) is a promising writer, but her marriage and conventional job keep her from her dream. She longs to return to her writing, especially after running into her first love, Brian Callahan (Patrick Wilson), a successful crime novelist. Kate (Debra Messing) is Patti's best friend since college. She's a tough-talking schoolteacher who plays therapist to all Patti's problems, while she's got a few of her own.

Despite Brian's gorgeous Tribeca loft and perfect house in the Hamptons, he longs to write works of greater literary value. Michael Murphy (Edward Burns), his lawyer and best friend from college, still carries a flame for former girlfriend Kate, even though their relationship ended badly. Since he spotted Kate at a restaurant, she has become all he can think about. She holds a grudge, but he will go to any length to win Kate back.

When Patti sells Murphy a new apartment, and Brian publishes his personal novel, these old friends reconnect in unexpected ways.

## Cast

| Actor | Role |
| --- | --- |
| Selma Blair | Patti Petalson |
| Patrick Wilson | Brian Callahan |
| Edward Burns | Michael Murphy |
| Debra Messing | Kate Scott |
| Dennis Farina | Gilmore |
| Max Baker | Mark |
| Donal Logue | Chazz Coleman |
| Elizabeth Reaser | Bernadette (Bernie) |
| Peter Jacobson | Monroe (Cameo) |
| Bill Hader | Bookstore Fan (Cameo) |

## Soundtrack

*Purple Violets*′ soundtrack mainly includes songs by the alternative rock band "The Blue Jackets", notoriously the indie-rock ballads "Do You Remember" and "You Send Shivers"; the latter is played during the final scene and end credits.

## Distribution

*Purple Violets* became noteworthy for being the first feature film to debut on the iTunes Store. It was released on November 20, 2007. The movie was exclusive to Apple Inc. for one month after release. Subsequently, *Purple Violets* was released on DVD through The Weinstein Company.

## InfoBox

| Purple Violets | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical film poster | |
| Directed by | Edward Burns |
| Written by | Edward Burns |
| Produced by | Margot Bridger
Edward Burns
Becky Glupczynski
Aaron Lubin
Nicole Marra
Pamela Schein Murphy |
| Starring | Selma Blair
Patrick Wilson
Edward Burns
Debra Messing |
| Music by | P.T. Walkley |
| Release date | * November 20, 2007 (2007-11-20) |
| Running time | 101 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $4 million |


title: Iñaki Isasi

abstract: Iñaki Isasi Flores is a former Spanish racing cyclist who competed professionally for the Euskaltel–Euskadi team throughout his career. Isasi turned professional in 2001 and did not record a major result of note as a professional. Isasi can climb and sprint and was a feature in many breakaways in the 2006 Tour de France where he finished 3rd on stage 5 won by Óscar Freire of Rabobank.

text:
# Iñaki Isasi

**Iñaki Isasi Flores** (born April 20, 1977, in Respaldiza, in Álava) is a former Spanish racing cyclist who competed professionally for the Euskaltel–Euskadi team throughout his career. Isasi turned professional in 2001 and did not record a major result of note as a professional. Isasi can climb and sprint and was a feature in many breakaways in the 2006 Tour de France where he finished 3rd on stage 5 won by Óscar Freire of Rabobank.

## Major results

2001 8th Overall Tour de l'Avenir 2003 6th GP Villafranca de Ordizia 2004 7th Overall Escalada a Montjuïc 2006 3rd Trofeo Calvià 4th Overall Vuelta a Andalucía 2011 9th Tour de Vendée

### Grand Tour general classification results timeline

| Grand Tour | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Giro d'Italia |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 63 |
| Tour de France |  |  | 122 | 70 | 90 | 101 |  | 115 |  |
| Vuelta a España | 91 | 89 |  | DNF | 74 |  | 71 |  | 71 |

## InfoBox

Iñaki Isasi
| Isasi in the 2007 Tour de France | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Iñaki Isasi Flores |
| Born | (1977-04-20) April 20, 1977<br>Respaldiza, Spain |
| Team information | |
| Discipline | Road |
| Role | Retired |
| Rider type | Sprinter |
| Amateur team | |
| 2000 | Cantanhede–Marques de Marialva |
|  | |
| Professional team | |
| 2001–2011 | Euskaltel–Euskadi |
|  | |
| Managerial team | |
| 2013 | Euskaltel–Euskadi |
|  | |


title: Phi Lambda Sigma

abstract: Phi Lambda Sigma (ΦΛΣ), also known as the National Pharmacy Leadership Society, is a North American college honor society for pharmacy students. It was founded at Auburn University in March 1965.

text:
# Phi Lambda Sigma

**Phi Lambda Sigma** (**ΦΛΣ**), also known as the **National Pharmacy Leadership Society**, is a North American college honor society for pharmacy students. It was founded at Auburn University in March 1965.

## History

Charlie Thomas, a student at the Auburn University School of Pharmacy, founded Phi Lambda Sigma in March 1965, with the support of the faculty. The mission of Phi Lambda Sigma is to support pharmacy leadership commitment by recognizing leaders and fostering leadership development. After two years of probation, Phi Lambda Sigma received its charter from the Auburn University Student Senate on October 3, 1967.

It was incorporated in Lee County, Alabama, on June 28, 1968, as **Phi Lambda Sigma National Fraternity**. The name Phi Lambda Sigma was registered with the U.S. Bureau of Patents and Copyrights in 1968. The society also worked with Balfour Company to design its official key in 1968.

The society became national in 1971 with the chartering of the *Beta chapter* at Samford University. Other chapters followed throughout the 1970s, including Mercer University, the University of Georgia, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and the University of South Carolina. In 1980, the society announced its plans for national expansion.

As of February 2018, a Phi Lambda Sigma Chapter had chapters at 125 of the 138 American schools and colleges of pharmacy. It had Phi Lambda Sigma had initiated 30,000 members. The society was admitted to the Association of College Honor Societies (ACHS) in 2018.

## Symbols

Phi Lambda Sigma's insignia is a key pin, which has a mortar and pestle and the Greek letters ΦΛΣ, surrounded by a laurel wreath. The society's colors are green and gold. Its publication is *The Laurel*.

## Activities

The society hosts an annual leadership summit that provides a certificate and five hours of continuing education units. The summit is open to non-members. Phil Lambda Sigma annually awards scholarships to its student members, including the Charles C. Thomas Scholarship, the Kathlene A. Hawkins Memorial Travel Award, and the PLS-AFPE First Year Graduate Scholarship. The society also presents a variety annual awards, including:

* Albert B. Prescot Leadership Award
* Alumni of the Year Award
* Charles Thomas Leadership Challenge
* Chapter Development Award
* Chapter Member of the Year Award
* Chapter of the Year Award
* Outstanding Chapter Advisor Award
* Mary L. Euler Lifetime Leadership Award (aka Proctor & Gamble National Leader Award)

## Membership

Phi Lambda Sigma has student, alumni, faculty, and honorary members. Student members must complete at least one year of coursework toward a pharmacy degree with a 2.50 GPA. In addition, potential student members must be committed to pharmacy leadership and be "of high moral and ethical character". Faculty and honorary members are nominated for the dedication, leadership, and service in the field of pharmacy. Members are peer-selected by current members of the society. Because Phi Lambda Sigma is an honorary professional organization, its members are allowed to join other fraternal and pharmacy organizations.

## Chapters

Phi Lambda Sigma chapters has chartered 134 chapters in North America, as of 2024.

## Notable members

## InfoBox

| Phi Lambda Sigma | |
| --- | --- |
| ΦΛΣ | |
|  | |
| Founded | March 1965 (1965-03)
Auburn University |
| Type | Honor |
| Affiliation | ACHS |
| Status | Active |
| Emphasis | Pharmacy |
| Scope | International |
| Colors | Green and   Gold (color)Gold |
| Publication | *The Laurel* |
| Chapters | 138 |
| Members | 30,000 lifetime |
| Headquarters | 40 Bailey Lane
Uniontown, Pennsylvania 15401
United States |
| Website | philambdasigma.org |


title: Montano d'Arezzo

abstract: Montano d'Arezzo flourished about the end of the 13th, and the commencement of the 14th, centuries. In 1305 he painted two chapels of the Castel Nuovo, and in 1306 two chapels of the Castel del Uovo, at Naples. He was a favourite of King Robert, who knighted him in 1310. The chapel of the Monastery of Monte Vergine, near Avellino, has a picture of the Madonna said to be by him. The Dormitory dei Giovannetti of the Seminario Urhano, at Naples, has a half-length picture of a Bishop by him. The dates of Montano d'Arezzo's birth and death are no longer known, and little can now be found belonging to this artist.

text:
# Montano d'Arezzo

**Montano d'Arezzo** flourished about the end of the 13th, and the commencement of the 14th, centuries. In 1305 he painted two chapels of the Castel Nuovo, and in 1306 two chapels of the Castel del Uovo, at Naples. He was a favourite of King Robert, who knighted him in 1310. The chapel of the Monastery of Monte Vergine, near Avellino, has a picture of the Madonna said to be by him. The Dormitory dei Giovannetti of the Seminario Urhano, at Naples, has a half-length picture of a Bishop by him. The dates of Montano d'Arezzo's birth and death are no longer known, and little can now be found belonging to this artist.

* This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Bryan, Michael (1886). "Arezzo, Montano d'". In Graves, Robert Edmund (ed.). *Bryan's Dictionary of Painters and Engravers (A–K)*. Vol. I (3rd ed.). London: George Bell & Sons.


title: Raiamas ansorgii

abstract: Raiamas ansorgii is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Raiamas. It is endemic to the Cuanza River in Angola.

text:
# Raiamas ansorgii

***Raiamas ansorgii*** is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus *Raiamas*. It is endemic to the Cuanza River in Angola.

## InfoBox

| *Raiamas ansorgii* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Subfamily: | Danioninae |
| Genus: | *Raiamas* |
| Species: | ***R. ansorgii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Raiamas ansorgii***
(Boulenger, 1910) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Barilius ansorgii* Boulenger, 1910 | |


abstract: Wanda Jackson Salutes the Country Music Hall of Fame is a studio album by American recording artist Wanda Jackson. It was released in September 1966 via Capitol Records and contained 12 tracks. The album was a collection of cover songs recorded by country artists that have been inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum. It was the ninth studio release of Jackson's career and the second to reach a charting position on the American country survey.

text:
# Wanda Jackson Salutes the Country Music Hall of Fame

***Wanda Jackson Salutes the Country Music Hall of Fame*** is a studio album by American recording artist Wanda Jackson. It was released in September 1966 via Capitol Records and contained 12 tracks. The album was a collection of cover songs recorded by country artists that have been inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum. It was the ninth studio release of Jackson's career and the second to reach a charting position on the American country survey.

## Background

Wanda Jackson transitioned back to the country music market following several years of making Rockabilly recordings for the Capitol label. She saw commercial success with the country songs like 1961's "Right or Wrong" and "In the Middle of a Heartache". Through the remainder of the decade she became prolific in the country field with albums and singles. *Wanda Jackson Salutes the Country Music Hall of Fame* was another project focused towards this audience. The album was made as a tribute to Jackson's favorite performers who had been inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum. "So in recording this album, we are offering a grateful salute to these five performing pioneers of country music," Jackson wrote in the liner notes.

## Content and recording

The project consisted of 12 tracks in total and were composed by other performers. As stated in the liner notes, Jackson chose songs from five Hall of Fame performers to include on the album. She chose Roy Acuff, Ernest Tubb, Tex Ritter, Jimmie Rodgers and Hank Williams. Covers included "Jambalaya (On the Bayou)", Wabash Cannonball" and "Soldier's Last Letter". The album was recorded in July 1966 at Capitol Studios located in Hollywood, California. The album was produced by Ken Nelson.

## Release and reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Allmusic* |  |

*Wanda Jackson Salutes the Country Music Hall of Fame* was released in July 1966 on Capitol Records. The album was Jackson's ninth studio recording of her career. It was originally distributed as a vinyl LP, containing six tracks on either side of the record. The record was Jackson's second to reach a charting position on the *Billboard* Top Country Albums survey, peaking at number 12 after spending ten weeks there. It received a three-star rating from AllMusic in later years. Three decades following its original release, Jackson donated the guitar featured on the album's cover to the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum.

## Track listing

Side one
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Original artist(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Jambalaya (On the Bayou)" | Hank Williams | Hank Williams | 1:56 |
| 2. | "Try Me One More Time" | Ernest Tubb | Ernest Tubb | 2:34 |
| 3. | "There's a New Moon Over My Shoulder" |  | Tex Ritter | 2:15 |
| 4. | "Blue Yodel No. 6" | Jimmie Rodgers | Jimmie Rodgers | 2:48 |
| 5. | "Fire Ball Mail" | Floyd Jenkins | Roy Acuff | 2:00 |
| 6. | "Let's Said Goodbye Like We Said Hello" | * Jimmie Skinner * Tubb | Ernest Tubb | 2:31 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Original artist(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Jealous Heart" | Jenny Lou Carson | Tex Ritter | 2:31 |
| 2. | "The Great Speckled Bird" | Traditional | Roy Acuff | 2:51 |
| 3. | "The Soldier's Last Letter" |  | Ernest Tubb | 3:13 |
| 4. | "You Win Again" | Williams | Hank Williams | 2:40 |
| 5. | "Wabash Cannon Ball" | A.P. Carter | Roy Acuff | 2:36 |
| 6. | "Tuck Away My Lonesome Blues" | Rodgers | Jimmie Rodgers | 1:58 |

## Chart performance

| Chart (1966) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Top Country Albums (*Billboard*) | 12 |
|

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| China | September 1966 | Vinyl | Capitol Records |  |
| | | | Sweden |  |
| | | | * United Kingdom * United States |  |
| Netherlands | | | 1967 |  |
|

## InfoBox

| Wanda Jackson Salutes the Country Music Hall of Fame | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Wanda Jackson | |
| Released | September 1966 (1966-09) |
| Recorded | July 1966 (1966-07) |
| Studio | Capitol (Hollywood) |
| Genre | Country |
| Label | Capitol |
| Producer | Ken Nelson |
| Wanda Jackson chronology | |
| *Wanda Jackson Sings Country Songs*
(1965) ***Wanda Jackson Salutes the Country Music Hall of Fame***
(1966) *Reckless Love Affair*
(1967) | |


title: Niepoczołowice-Folwark

abstract: Niepoczołowice-Folwark is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Linia, within Wejherowo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-west of Linia, 31 km (19 mi) south-west of Wejherowo, and 49 km (30 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk. For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

text:
# Niepoczołowice-Folwark

**Niepoczołowice-Folwark** \[ɲɛpɔt͡ʂɔwɔˈvit͡sɛ ˈfɔlvark\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Linia, within Wejherowo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-west of Linia, 31 km (19 mi) south-west of Wejherowo, and 49 km (30 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

## InfoBox

| Niepoczołowice-Folwark | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Niepoczołowice-Folwark | |
| Coordinates: 54°25′11″N 17°53′31″E / 54.41972°N 17.89194°E / 54.41972; 17.89194 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Pomeranian |
| County | Wejherowo |
| Gmina | Linia |


title: Giovanni Domenico Mansi

abstract: Gian (Giovanni) Domenico Mansi was an Italian prelate, theologian, scholar and historian, known for his massive works on the Church councils.

text:
# Giovanni Domenico Mansi

**Gian (Giovanni) Domenico Mansi** (16 February 1692 – 27 September 1769) was an Italian prelate, theologian, scholar and historian, known for his massive works on the Church councils.

## Biography

He was born at Lucca, of a patrician family, and died archbishop of that city. At the age of sixteen he entered the Congregation of Clerics Regular of the Mother of God and made his profession in 1710. Except for some journeys made for purposes of study, his whole life, until his appointment as Archbishop of Lucca (1765), was spent in his religious home.

In 1758, after a sojourn at Rome, where he had been received by Cardinal Passionei, there was question of elevating him to the Sacred College, but his collaboration in an annotated edition of the famous *Encyclopédie* displeased Clement XIII. It should be remarked that the notes in this edition were intended to correct the text. Three years after his elevation to the episcopate he was smitten with an attack of apoplexy which left him suffering, deprived of the power of motion, until his death.

His long career was filled chiefly with the re-editing of erudite ecclesiastical works with notes and complementary matter. His name appears on the title-pages of ninety folio volumes and numerous quartos. In the opinion of Auguste Boudinhon, the French priest and canonist who profiled Mansi for The Catholic Encyclopedia, he was "an indefatigable worker, widely read and thoroughly trained, his output was chiefly of a mechanical order, and unoriginal because hurried". His task was most often limited to inserting notes and documents in the work to be reproduced and sending the whole result to the printer, a process which resulted in numberless shortcomings.

The only work worth mentioning that is all Mansi's own is his *Tractatus de casibus et censuris reservatis*, published in 1724, which brought him into difficulties with the *Index Librorum Prohibitorum*. The rest are all annotated editions. In 1726 there was *Jo. Burch. Menckenii De Charlataneria eruditorum declamationes duae cum notis variorum*; from 1725 to 1738, an annotated Latin translation of the three works of Antoine Augustin Calmet—the *Dictionnaire de la Bible*, *Prolégomènes et Dissertations*, and *Commentaire littéral*.

The best-known publication of Mansi is his vast edition of the Councils, *Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio* (31 vols., folio, Florence and Venice, 1758–98), which was stopped by lack of resources in the middle of the Council of Florence of 1438. The absence of an index renders it inconvenient, and in a critical point of view it leaves an immensity to be desired. Mansi saw only fourteen volumes of it published, the others were finished from his notes.

In 1748 he began to publish the first volume of a collection which was presented as a supplement to that of Coleti; the sixth and last volume of it appeared in 1752. The collection has been reprinted: in Paris by H. Welter, (1901–1927); and in Graz by the Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt in 1960. The 1901 edition has been digitized by the University of Michigan Law Library.

## Selected list of editions and translations

* Augustin Calmet's 1720 dictionary as *Dictionarium, Historicum, Criticum, Chronologicum, Geographicum, Biblicum, Latinis Litteris traditum a J. Dom. Mansi*
* Mansi, Joannes Dominicus, ed. (1774). *Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio*. Vol. 19. Venetia: Antonius Zatta.

### Citations

1. Boudinhon 1910.

### Sources

## InfoBox

| Most Reverend
Giovanni Domenico Mansi | |
| --- | --- |
| Archbishop of Lucca | |
| Pompeo Batoni, Portrait of Archbishop Giovan Domenico mansi, 1764. Lucca, Museo Nazionale di Palazzo Mansi | |
| Diocese | Diocese of Lucca |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1692-02-16)16 February 1692
Lucca, Republic of Lucca |
| Died | 27 September 1769(1769-09-27) (aged 77)
Lucca, Republic of Lucca |
| Nationality | Italian |
| Occupation | Theologian, historian |


title: 720s

abstract: The 720s decade ran from January 1, 720, to December 31, 729.

text:
# 720s

The **720s** decade ran from January 1, 720, to December 31, 729.

## Events

### 720

#### By place

###### Byzantine Empire

###### Europe

###### Britain

###### Arabian Empire

###### Asia

* In the Chinese capital of Chang'an, the walls of a gated city ward collapse during the night, which unexpectedly forms a large pool out in the open. This is most likely caused by a sinkhole created when ground water eroded the limestone bedrock beneath. As a consequence of this, more than 500 homes are destroyed (approximate date).

###### Americas

#### By topic

###### Literature

###### Religion

* Contact between the Welsh Church and Yvi of Brittany is the last known link between two Celtic countries. After this, each nation goes its own separate way (approximate date).

###### Astronomy

* A second series of gravitational interactions with Saturn, the second since 1664 BC, once again force the Centaur (minor planet) Chiron into a new orbit, shifting it from orbiting in the edges of the Solar System to orbiting near the inner regions.

### 721

#### By place

###### Europe

###### Britain

###### Central America

###### China

#### By topic

###### Religion

### 722

#### By place

###### Europe

###### Britain

###### Mesoamerica

#### By topic

###### Religion

### 723

#### By place

###### Asia

#### By topic

###### Religion

### 724

### 725

#### By place

###### Europe

###### Britain

###### China

#### By topic

###### Literature

###### Religion

### 726

#### By place

###### Byzantine Empire

###### Europe

* Umayyad conquest of Gaul: Muslim raiders under Abdul Rahman al-Ghafiqi, current governor of Septimania, devastate Avignon, Viviers, Valence, Vienne and Lyon (approximate date).
* Marcello Tegalliano dies after a 9-year reign.
* Uprising in Venice against Byzantium: The cause of mass unrest is the iconoclastic decrees of Emperor Leo III. A few days later, political demands are put forward for wide autonomy within the Byzantine Empire and the right to appoint the ruler of the region (Doge). The rebels elect Orso Ipato the Doge of Venice. Desiring to preserve the proceeds of the treasury from the second most important port of the Byzantine Empire, and not having the resources to cope with a well-fortified and armed region, Byzantium agrees with all the requirements put forward. Orso Ipato is recognised by Leo III, who gives him the title *hypatos*. The Venetian fleet, led by Orso Ipato, frees Ravenna from the Lombards and restores the power of the Byzantine governor there.
* Seismic activity in the Mediterranean Sea: The volcanic island of Thera erupts, while the city of Jerash (in present-day Jordan) suffers a major earthquake.

###### Britain

###### Asia

###### Central America

#### By topic

###### Religion

### 727

#### By place

###### Byzantine Empire

###### Europe

###### Asia

###### Central America

#### By topic

###### Religion

### 728

#### By place

###### Europe

### 729

#### By place

###### Europe

###### Britain

###### Asia

#### By topic

###### Food and drink

* Chinese eating sticks are introduced in the next 20 years in Japan, where people heretofore have used one-piece pincers. The Japanese call them *hashi*.

## Significant people

## Births

**720**

**721**

**722**

**723**

**724**

**725**

**726**

**727**

**728**

**729**

## Deaths

**720**

**721**

**722**

**723**

**724**

**725**

**726**

**727**

**728**

**729**


title: Philip A. Gale

abstract: Philip Alan Gale is an Australian/British chemist, Deputy Dean of Science and Professor of Chemistry at the Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney. He is notable for his work on the supramolecular chemistry of anions. Gale was born in Liverpool and grew up in Woolton attending Gateacre Community Comprehensive School. He moved to Wadham College, Oxford, where he received his B.A. (Hons) degree in 1992 then moving in October 1992 to Linacre College where he graduated with a D.Phil. degree in 1995. He then moved to the University of Texas at Austin as a Fulbright Scholar with Prof. Jonathan Sessler. He returned to Oxford in 1997 as a Royal Society University Research Fellow and moved to a lectureship at the University of Southampton in 1999. He was promoted to a personal chair in supramolecular chemistry in 2007 and served as Head of Chemistry at the University of Southampton between 2010 and 2016. He was awarded a Doctor of Science degree by the University of Oxford in 2014. In January 2017 he moved to the University of Sydney where he took up the role of Head of the School of Chemistry and in 2020 Associate Dean (International) in the Faculty of Science. He became interim Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of Sydney serving from April 2022 to January 2023 and in February 2023 moved to the University of Technology Sydney to take up the role of Deputy Dean of Science. Gale's research interests are in supramolecular chemistry and in particular the molecular recognition and transmembrane transport of anions. His early work concerned the design of structurally simple anion receptors and elucidating other processes such as proton transfer that often accompany anion complexation. More recent research has focused on transmembrane anion transport. Gale has designed and synthesised a variety of highly effective classes of anion transporters including tren-based tris-ureas and -thioureas, squaramides and ortho-phenylene-based bis ureas. In 2013 Gale and co-workers published a quantitative structure activity relationship study showing that in a series of simple thioureas with one n-hexyl substituent and a phenyl substituent with different groups in the 4-position, the lipophilicity of the receptor is the dominant molecular parameter determining effective transport, with smaller contributions from the receptors’ volume and affinity for chloride. Very recent work has focused on the design of new assays to measure anion transport and the development of selective transporters. Gale is notable for his work at the interface of supramolecular and medicinal chemistry showing the effect that anionophores developed in his research group have on biological systems. This includes restoring the flux of chloride through epithelial cell membranes and causing cell death in cancer cells by triggering apoptosis and interfering with autophagy. Other aspects of Gale's work on transmembrane transport include the first synthetic chloride pumping system that uses fatty acids as fuels to create a chloride gradient across a lipid bilayer membrane, and the development of anion transporters that can be switched by membrane potential gradients or by the presence of reducing agents found in higher concentrations in tumours than in healthy tissue. Gale is listed as a Thomson Reuters/Clarivate Analytics Highly Cited Research in Chemistry and has received a number of awards for his research including the RSC Bob Hay Lectureship in 2004, RSC Corday-Morgan Prize in 2005, a 2013 Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award, RSC Supramolecular Chemistry Award in 2014 and the International Izatt-Christensen Award in Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry in 2018. In 2020 he was awarded a University of Sydney Vice-Chancellor’s Excellence Award for Outstanding Research and was highlighted by The Australian newspaper Research supplement as an Australian Field Research Leader and in the 2024 issue as the field leader in inorganic chemistry. Gale is the editor-in-chief of Coordination Chemistry Reviews.

text:
# Philip A. Gale

**Philip Alan Gale** (born 1969) is an Australian/British chemist, Deputy Dean of Science and Professor of Chemistry at the Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney. He is notable for his work on the supramolecular chemistry of anions.

Gale was born in Liverpool and grew up in Woolton attending Gateacre Community Comprehensive School. He moved to Wadham College, Oxford, where he received his B.A. (Hons) degree in 1992 (M.A. Oxon. 1995) then moving in October 1992 to Linacre College where he graduated with a D.Phil. degree in 1995. He then moved to the University of Texas at Austin as a Fulbright Scholar with Prof. Jonathan Sessler. He returned to Oxford in 1997 as a Royal Society University Research Fellow and moved to a lectureship at the University of Southampton in 1999. He was promoted to a personal chair in supramolecular chemistry in 2007 and served as Head of Chemistry at the University of Southampton between 2010 and 2016. He was awarded a Doctor of Science degree by the University of Oxford in 2014. In January 2017 he moved to the University of Sydney where he took up the role of Head of the School of Chemistry and in 2020 Associate Dean (International) in the Faculty of Science. He became interim Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of Sydney serving from April 2022 to January 2023 and in February 2023 moved to the University of Technology Sydney to take up the role of Deputy Dean of Science.

Gale's research interests are in supramolecular chemistry and in particular the molecular recognition and transmembrane transport of anions. His early work concerned the design of structurally simple anion receptors and elucidating other processes such as proton transfer that often accompany anion complexation. More recent research has focused on transmembrane anion transport. Gale has designed and synthesised a variety of highly effective classes of anion transporters including tren-based tris-ureas and -thioureas, squaramides and *ortho*-phenylene-based bis ureas. In 2013 Gale and co-workers published a quantitative structure activity relationship study showing that in a series of simple thioureas with one n-hexyl substituent and a phenyl substituent with different groups in the 4-position, the lipophilicity of the receptor is the dominant molecular parameter determining effective transport, with smaller contributions from the receptors’ volume and affinity for chloride.

Very recent work has focused on the design of new assays to measure anion transport and the development of selective transporters. Gale is notable for his work at the interface of supramolecular and medicinal chemistry showing the effect that anionophores developed in his research group have on biological systems. This includes restoring the flux of chloride through epithelial cell membranes (with potential future application as a channel replacement therapy in cystic fibrosis) and causing cell death in cancer cells by triggering apoptosis and interfering with autophagy.

Other aspects of Gale's work on transmembrane transport include the first synthetic chloride pumping system that uses fatty acids as fuels to create a chloride gradient across a lipid bilayer membrane, and the development of anion transporters that can be switched by membrane potential gradients or by the presence of reducing agents found in higher concentrations in tumours than in healthy tissue.

Gale is listed as a Thomson Reuters/Clarivate Analytics Highly Cited Research in Chemistry and has received a number of awards for his research including the RSC Bob Hay Lectureship in 2004, RSC Corday-Morgan Prize in 2005, a 2013 Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award, RSC Supramolecular Chemistry Award in 2014 and the International Izatt-Christensen Award in Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry in 2018. In 2020 he was awarded a University of Sydney Vice-Chancellor’s Excellence Award for Outstanding Research and was highlighted by The Australian newspaper Research supplement (23 September 2020) as an Australian Field Research Leader (Chemistry & Material Sciences (general)) and in the 2024 issue as the field leader in inorganic chemistry.

Gale is the editor-in-chief of Coordination Chemistry Reviews.

## InfoBox

| Philip A. Gale | |
| --- | --- |
| Gale in July 2016 | |
| Born | 1969 (age 5455)<br>Liverpool, Lancashire, UK |
| Nationality | Australian/British |
|  | |
| Awards |  |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields |  |
| Institutions |  |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Molly Bolton

abstract: Ivy Molly Bolton was a British politician, elected both as Vice Chair and Chairman of London County Council in 1953.

text:
# Molly Bolton

**Ivy Molly Bolton** (26 January 1897  2 January 1991) was a British politician, elected both as Vice Chair and Chairman of London County Council in 1953.

## Early life

Ivy Mabel Schmidt was born on 26 January 1897 to Alice (née Algar) and Leonard Schmidt, a hairdresser, the middle of three children. She was baptised on 4 April 1897 in the Parish of St. Andrew, Haverstock Hill in London Borough of Camden. The family lived in Kentish Town at the time of her birth, later moving to Hampstead.

## Career

Bolton joined the Fabian Society in 1916, and became private secretary to Beatrice and Sydney Webb. She then became secretary of the Fabian Local Government and Research Bureau, and assistant editor of *Local Government News*, and served on the society's executive committee.

At the London County Council election, 1934, Bolton was elected as a Labour Party candidate in Hackney North one of the women alongside Margaret Cole and Peggy Jay who made up 23% of the LCC Labour group. She held the seat and its successor, Stoke Newington and Hackney North, until 1952. That year, she became an alderman, and she was chair of the council in 1953/54. When the council was dissolved, in 1965, she retired.

In October 1934 she was the first woman to become one of London County Council's six representatives on the London and Home Counties Joint Electricity Authority.

She was appointed to Crawley New Town Development Corporation 1947–56 a member of the working group developing a master Plan for Crawley alongside Sir Thomas Penberthy Bennett, Lawrence Neal, Alwyn Sheppard Fidler, Caroline Haslett, Sir Edward Gillett, Eric Walter Pasold and Alderman James Marshall.

The National Portrait Gallery hold a photograph of Molly Bolton by Elliott & Fry in its collections.

## Personal life

In 1922 she married Douglas Joseph Bolton (1890-1983) an electrical engineer and lecturer at Regent Street Polytechnic, in St Albans. On 6 November 1958, the couple sailed to Penang on the ship MS Oranje.

1. "Ivy Molly Bolton". *London Remembers*. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
2. "Biographies of new candidates". *Fabian News*. May 1938.
3. WHN (5 March 2010). "Women's History Month: Persistence pays off, as women are finally elected to the London County Council". *Women's History Network*. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
4. Saint, Andrew (1989). *Politics and People of London*. London: Hambledon Press. p. 9.
5. "Cataloguing Crawley New Town: The Team Behind the Corp". *West Sussex Record Office*. 8 May 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
6. "Ivy Molly Bolton - National Portrait Gallery". *www.npg.org.uk*. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
7. "UK and Ireland, Outward Passenger Lists, Southampton 1958 Nov". *www.ancestry.co.uk*. Retrieved 30 September 2023.

## InfoBox

| Molly Bolton | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Ivy Mabel Schmidt
(1897-01-26)26 January 1897
London |
| Died | 2 January 1991(1991-01-02) (aged 93)
London |
| Occupation(s) | Labour politician, Chairman of London County Council |


title: Radical Sportscars

abstract: Radical Motorsport is a British manufacturer and constructor of racing cars. The company was founded in January 1997 by amateur drivers and engineers Mick Hyde and Phil Abbott, who built open cockpit sportscars which could be registered for road use and run on a track without modification. Radical produce a mix of purpose built race cars as well as road legal sports cars in varying specifications. Their most popular car is the Radical SR3.

text:
# Radical Sportscars

**Radical Motorsport** is a British manufacturer and constructor of racing cars. The company was founded in January 1997 by amateur drivers and engineers Mick Hyde and Phil Abbott, who built open cockpit sportscars which could be registered for road use and run on a track without modification. Radical produce a mix of purpose built race cars as well as road legal sports cars in varying specifications. Their most popular car is the Radical SR3.

## History

The company's first car, built by Phil Abbott in 1996, the Radical 1100 Clubsport, was based on a Kawasaki motorcycle engine placed inside a small open-cockpit chassis. The cars were intended to run in the 750 Motor Club's races under the Sports 2000 category, with founders Abbott and Hyde driving.

In 1999, Radical had built enough 1100 Clubsports that they decided to create a one-make series based around the car. Backed by the British Racing and Sports Car Club, the series featured identical cars that were open to anyone who owned an 1100 Clubsport. The same year, Radical debuted their second model, the Prosport. Available with Kawasaki or Suzuki engine up to 1500 cc in displacement, the Prosports were even more powerful and faster than the Clubsports, and included F3-size slick tyres and an adjustable rear wing. The cars were also brought to the United States for the first time, for use in the SCCA D-Sport class in 2000.

Launched in 2001, Radical's next creation was the two-seater SR3, a car which could compete in international racing, such as the FIA's C3 class. The car uses a Suzuki-based engine tuned by Powertec (now RPE) which offered 1300 cc or 1500 cc versions and a maximum of 260 hp (190 kW) in the latter. An enclosed gear drive unit was developed specifically for the car to replace the traditional motorcycle engine chain drive.

In 2006, Radical would make its largest leap into international motorsport with the development of the SR9, a complete Le Mans Prototype in the LMP2 class. Official partner Rollcentre Racing would debut the car with success in the Le Mans Series and 24 Hours of Le Mans, and SR9s in the hands of independent teams would contest the 24 Hours of Le Mans a further four times. Greaves Motorsport | Team Bruichladdich also raced at Le Mans in 2007/8/9. Company owner Tim Greaves raced the AER powered SR9 2007 and 2008. DNFs due to crashes

## Current models

The Radical model range has seven different models in various options, most notably in the powerplants, are available on all of the cars.

### SR1

The SR1 is the first Radical to have its own racing series  The SR1 Cup  a club, owner-driven racing series that combines competition with training. Combining exceptional performance and handling with LMP styling and low cost of ownership, the SR1 is priced at £44,500 + VAT. It is powered by an advanced 182 horsepower RPE-Suzuki four-cylinder engine capable of propelling the car 0–60 in 3.5 seconds and eventually to a speed of 138 miles per hour. It is capable of 2.3 g of lateral acceleration.

### SR3

The most popular Radical model, over 1,000 SR3s have been built. Although some subtle styling changes have taken place, the fundamental car has not changed since its conception. The car is built on a carbon-steel spaceframe chassis, polyester bodywork and uses a hand built RPE racing spec 4-cylinder engine for power. It produces 225 horsepower (168 kW) at the wheels and can get the SR3 to 60 mph (97 km/h) in just 3.1 seconds and on to 147 mph (237 km/h).

### SR8

Based on the SR3, the SR8 is a more extreme version intended for track use but can be registered for the road. The SR8 also features one of the largest engines Radical has ever put in their cars, with the 2700 cc RPE RPX V8 constructed by combining elements of Suzuki inline-4s, and producing 430 horsepower (321 kW). A further variant, known as the SR8LM, increased the engine to 2800 cc and brought power output to 455 hp (339 kW). In August 2009 Michael Vergers, driving an SR8LM, set the new lap record (6 minutes, 48 seconds) for a road legal production car at the Nürburgring Nordschleife circuit. This record was beaten by the 991 generation Porsche 911 GT2 in September 2017 with a time of 6:47.25.

It is capable of 0–60 in 2.7 seconds, 178 miles per hour, and a 2.5 g's of lateral acceleration.

One SR8 was converted into an electric car by a team of students Racing Green Endurance from Imperial College London to drive the full length of the Pan-American Highway in May 2010. The project aims to challenge commonly held perceptions surrounding electric vehicles performance and range.

The TMG EV P001 is a road-legal electric sports car by Toyota Motorsport GmbH, based on a modified Radical SR8 chassis.

### SR10

Also based on the SR3, the SR10 features a Ford EcoBoost 2.3L, 4 cylinder, turbocharged engine which brings durability and longer service intervals to a similar platform to the SR8. The motor produces 425 horsepower and 380 lb-ft of torque, which propels the SR10 and from 0-60 mph (97 km/h) in 2.4 seconds and on to a top speed of 180 mph (290 km/h). The SR10 continues to use the proven steel space-frame Chassis and Polyester bodywork.

### RXC V6

The RXC is a midrange track car between the SR3 and SR8. It is street legal in most countries. It is currently the only closed-top Radical track car level. It is propelled by a Ford Cyclone 3.7 Ti-VCT V6 producing 380 hp and 320 lb-ft torque. The base version is capable of 0 to 60 miles per hour in 2.8 seconds and reaches 175 miles per hour. At its top speed, the RXC produces 900 kg of downforce, equaling its curb weight. A turbocharged version is also available, called the RXC Turbo 500. It produces 530 hp and 481 lb-ft torque. Top speed is estimated to be 185 mph, with zero to sixty acceleration estimated at 2.4 seconds. Production of the RXC began in late 2013 at £111,689.

### RXC Spyder

The RXC Spyder is the open top variant of the RXC V8. The standard engine is an RPE 3000cc V8 producing 440 horsepower and the engines maximum power is achieved at 10,500 rpm. The car is built with a seven-speed sequential transmission with paddle shifters fitted as standard, and the car features advanced aerodynamics and styling cues taken from the SR9 LMP2 project. It has a carbon-steel spaceframe based on those of the RXC V8 and the SR9 LMP2. Later updated to the Ford Ecoboost twin turbo V6 engine with 654 hp and quaife 6 speed sequential gearbox, it is capable of 0–60 in 2.7 seconds and 178 miles per hour.

### RXC V8

The RXC V8 is a track day car that is also used in top tier motorsport. It is powered by the same 3-liter V8 as the RXC Spyder.

## Motorsport

### One-make series

Although Radical began by competing in existing events, it was Radical's creation of their own series that have been the choice of competition for most owners. Radical currently supports 14 official Radical race series around the world.

In the UK the seven round Radical Challenge championship also runs within the MSVR package, with each meeting featuring two 15-minute qualifying sessions and a pair of 20-minute sprint races, and a 40-minute endurance race with the opportunity for one or two drivers per car. Teams are limited to one set of tyres per weekend, limiting costs and levelling competition.

The Radical SR1 Cup is Open to drivers who have either never held a race licence before, or are still eligible to wear a novice cross on the rear of the car (meaning they have competed in less than six races), the *SR1 Cup* will lead the drivers through the process of getting on the grid, with a detailed programme of driver training and technical tuition.

In the UK there are also two other main championships open to radical cars. The Open Sportscar Series can accept almost any radical car whilst the Radical Owners Club Bikesports Championship can accommodate cars fitted with bike engines such as the SR1, SR3 and PR6.

Around the world there are numerous Radical single-marque racing championships, running to regulations that broadly mirror those of Radical UK and European racing series.

In North America, there are the following primary series:

Australia also have a very popular series that supports the Bathurst 12 Hour among others that caters to Radical SR3 cars. The 2018 Radical Australia Cup was won by Kim Burke.

The Gulf Radical Cup, promoted by Dubai-based Radical dealer GulfSport Racing has been running since 2006 at the Dubai Autodrome, Yas Marina Circuit and Bahrain International Circuit, and has attracted drivers from more than 20 countries.

### Le Mans

In the second quarter of 2005, the company announced its plans to race in the LMP2 class of the Le Mans Series with their new SR9. The British Rollcentre Racing team would run the first chassis using Judd power before being joined later in the season by a factory team, known as **Team Bruichladdich Radical**, who used the AER powerplant. Both teams would score their only points of the season at Nürburgring, with Rollcentre taking third in LMP2 and Radical finishing in fifth. Team Bruichladdich, now Greaves Motorsport, came third in Valencia.

Rollcentre would also run the company's first entry in the 24 Hours of Le Mans. Although the car finished in a distant 20th place, the car was able to prove its reliability by being able to finish the race only months after being completed. The Team Bruichladdich Radical squad also flew to the United States for the final round to of the American Le Mans Series, where Radical Chairman, Tim Greaves raced with his own Team Bruichladdich / Greaves Motorsport whilst also supporting Van de Steur Racing in the third SR9 completed. Tim Greaves owns the rights to the Radical SR9 and the spares moulds and design which are held by Greaves Motorsport, based in Yaxley.

For 2007, Rollcentre sold their SR9 as they moved onto a new LMP1 Pescarolo. Embassy Racing purchased the car and continued running it in the Le Mans Series alongside the factory Radical, while Van der Steur would run a partial schedule in the American Le Mans Series. For 2008, Italian team World Racing Cars purchased the Judd-powered SR9 from Embassy with Swiss team Race Performance contesting the 2010 event.

### British Formula Ford

Radical made its debut as a race team in the 2013 British Formula Ford season. Radical signed longtime Radical racer James Abbott to represent the brand in Formula Ford. In the new for 2013 Ford EcoBoost powered Radical chose for the new Sinter LA12 chassis produced by Fluid Motorsports. Former Formula Ford racer Robbie Kerr joined the team as a driver coach for James Abbott. After three rounds, with little success, Radical decided to replace the Sinter with a Mygale M13-SJ. While JTR's Dan Cammish dominated the season, Radical had a reasonable season. After switching to Mygale the results improved, finishing with two third-place finishes in the last three races at Brands Hatch.

## InfoBox

Radical Motorsport Limited
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Automotive |
| Founded | 1997 |
| Founder | Phil Abbott
Mick Hyde |
| Headquarters | Peterborough, United Kingdom |
| Products | Sports cars |
| Revenue | £20m? |
| Number of employees | 140 |
| Subsidiaries | Radical Performance Engines
Radical Precision Engineering |
| Website | RadicalMotorsport.com |


title: Wang Defeng

abstract: Wang Defeng is a Chinese philosophical researcher who was a professor at Fudan University.

text:
# Wang Defeng

**Wang Defeng** (Chinese: 王德峰; pinyin: *Wáng Défēng*; born October 1956) is a Chinese philosophical researcher who was a professor at Fudan University.

## Biography

Wang was born in Tai County (now Jiangyan District), Jiangsu, in October 1956. During the Cultural Revolution, he was a worker in Shanghai Dongfeng Alloy Factory between 1975 and 1978. After resuming the college entrance examination, in 1978, he enrolled at Fudan University, where he majored in philosophy.

After university in 1982, he became an editor in Shanghai Translation Publishing House. Starting from September 1987, he pursued a master's degree in philosophy at the Department of Philosophy, Fudan University. After graduation, he stayed for teaching. He was promoted to associate professor in 2005 and retired in October 2021.

## Publications

### Translations

* Karl Jaspers (2003). *Man in the Modern Age* (in Chinese). Shanghai: Shanghai Translation Publishing House. ISBN 978-753-273-638-6. (时代的精神状况)

* Peter-André Alt (2003). *The Aesthetic Process of Evil: a Romantic Interpretation* (in Chinese). Beijing: Central Compilation & Translation Press. ISBN 978-751-171-883-9. (恶的美学历程：一种浪漫的解读)

* Aaron Redley (2007). *Music Philosophy* (in Chinese). Shanghai: Shanghai People's Press. ISBN 978-720-806-863-6. (音乐哲学)

### Works

* 哲学导论 \[*Introduction to the Philosophy*\] (in Chinese). Shanghai: Shanghai People's Press. 2000. ISBN 978-720-803-448-8.

* 马克思的哲学革命及其当代意义 \[*Marx's Philosophical Revolution and Its Contemporary Significance*\] (in Chinese). Beijing: People's Press. 2005. ISBN 978-701-004-706-5.

* 艺术哲学 \[*Philosophy of Art*\] (in Chinese). Shanghai: Fudan University Press. 2005. ISBN 978-730-904-655-7.

* 寻觅意义：王德峰人文讲座·随笔 \[*Searching for Meaning: Wang Defeng's Humanities Lecture and Essay*\] (in Chinese). Shanghai: Shanghai Jinxiu Article Publishing House. 2007. ISBN 978-780-685-818-9.

## InfoBox

| Wang Defeng | |
| --- | --- |
| 王德峰 | |
| Born | October 1956 (age 6768)
Tai County, Jiangsu, China |
| Occupation | Professor |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater | Fudan University |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Philosophy |
| Sub-discipline | Marxist philosophy
Western philosophy
Chinese philosophy |
| Institutions | Fudan University |
|  | |


title: Nieplitz

abstract: Nieplitz is a river of Brandenburg, Germany. It flows into the Nuthe near Gröben.

text:
# Nieplitz

**Nieplitz** is a river of Brandenburg, Germany. It flows into the Nuthe near Gröben.

## InfoBox

| Nieplitz | |
| --- | --- |
| Nieplitz near Zauchwitz | |
| Location | |
| Country | Germany |
| States | Brandenburg |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Nuthe |
| coordinates | 52°16′31″N 13°09′32″E / 52.2754°N 13.1588°E / 52.2754; 13.1588 |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | NutheHavelElbeNorth Sea |


title: Ontario Highway 131

abstract:
Highway 131 was a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario, located in Simcoe County and the city of Barrie. The route, which connected Highway 27 with Highway 90, existed from 1984 until 1998, after which it was transferred to the responsibility of Simcoe County.
Highway 131 was a straight rural highway, located west of Barrie's suburban fringe, though since then those suburbs have grown out to reach the former highway. Otherwise, the highway is abutted by the occasional farm and surrounded by several forests.

text:
# Ontario Highway 131

**Highway 131** was a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario, located in Simcoe County and the city of Barrie. The route, which connected Highway 27 with Highway 90, existed from 1984 until 1998, after which it was transferred to the responsibility of Simcoe County. Highway 131 was a straight rural highway, located west of Barrie's suburban fringe, though since then those suburbs have grown out to reach the former highway. Otherwise, the highway is abutted by the occasional farm and surrounded by several forests.

## Route description

Highway 131 began at an intersection with Highway 27 (Essa Road), travelling north through the outskirts of Barrie. Although the city of 125,000 residents lay immediately east of the highway, Highway 131 was a two lane road throughout its length. North of Highway 27, the route travelled north through farmland, then west of the suburb of Holly. North of Mapleview Drive, the route entered a forested area. After travelling through a valley, the highway met Ardagh Road. It crossed the newly commissioned Barrie Collingwood Railway and shortly thereafter ended at Highway 90 (Dunlop Street), which travelled east to Barrie and west to Angus and CFB Borden.

## History

In 1984 or 1985, the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO) assumed ownership of Simcoe County Road 31. The purpose was to divert Georgian Bay and Wasaga Beach -bound traffic from Highway 26 in Downtown Barrie. Highway 131 remained unchanged throughout its existence.

As part of a series of budget cuts initiated by premier Mike Harris under his Common Sense Revolution platform in 1995, numerous highways deemed to no longer be of significance to the provincial network were decommissioned and responsibility for the routes transferred to a lower level of government, a process referred to as downloading. Highway 131 was downloaded in its entirety on January 1, 1998, and responsibility for the maintenance and signing of the route transferred to the County of Simcoe and City of Barrie. The route was redesignated as Simcoe County Road 27; the former route of Highway 27 into Barrie is now known as Essa Road.

## Major intersections

The following table lists the major junctions along Highway 131, as noted by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario. The entire route is located in Simcoe County.

| Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Innisfil | 0.0 | 0.0 | Highway 27Toronto | Now Simcoe County Road 27 (Essa Road) |
| Barrie | 6.7 | 4.2 | Highway 90Barrie | Now Simcoe County Road 90 (Dunlop Street West) |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/Ontario Highway 131KML is not from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| Highway 131 | |
| --- | --- |
| Townline Road, Simcoe County Road 27 | |
| A map of Highway 131, highlighted in red
(as of December 31, 1997) | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by County of Simcoe, City of Barrie | |
| Length | 6.7 km (4.2 mi) |
| Existed | 1984–January 1, 1998 |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | Highway 27 (Essa Road) |
| North end | Highway 90 (Dunlop Street West) |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Ontario |
| Counties | Simcoe |
| Major cities | Barrie |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| Highway 130   Highway 132 | |


title: Giulio Camus

abstract: Giulio Camus, also Jules was a French botanist and entomologist. Giulio Camus was a professor at the University of Turin. He wrote L'opera salernitana "Circa Instans" ed il testo primitivo del Grant Herbier en français – secondo due codici del sec. XV conservati nella Regia Biblioteca Estense in Memorie della Regia Accademia di Scienze Lettere ed Arti di Modena, IV (1886) and Les noms des plantes du Livre d’Heures d’Anne de Bretagne J. Bot. 8:325–335, 345–352, 366–375, 396–401 (1894).

text:
# Giulio Camus

**Giulio Camus**, also **Jules** (1 June 1847 in Magny-en-Vexin – 25 January 1917 in Turin) was a French botanist and entomologist.

Giulio Camus was a professor at the University of Turin. He wrote *L'opera salernitana "Circa Instans" ed il testo primitivo del Grant Herbier en français – secondo due codici del sec. XV conservati nella Regia Biblioteca Estense* in *Memorie della Regia Accademia di Scienze Lettere ed Arti di Modena*, IV (1886) and *Les noms des plantes du Livre d’Heures d’Anne de Bretagne* *J. Bot*. 8:325–335, 345–352, 366–375, 396–401 (1894).

The standard author abbreviation Camus is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

De Toni G. B.,1918 In memoria del socio Prof. Giulio Camus (1847–1917) 1918 *Memorie R. Acc. Sc. Lett. ed Arti in Modena*, Ser. III. Vol. XII.