title: Mikola Dziadok

abstract: Mikola Dziadok is a Belarusian journalist, anarchist activist, blogger, and political prisoner. He was released in 2015 and became in involved in the 2020 Belarusian protests. He was arrested by authorities and is currently again a political prisoner. On November 10, 2021, Dziadok was sentenced to five years in a general-security penal colony and is held in Prison Number 8.

text:
# Mikola Dziadok

**Mikola Dziadok** is a Belarusian journalist, anarchist activist, blogger, and political prisoner. He was released in 2015 and became in involved in the 2020 Belarusian protests. He was arrested by authorities and is currently again a political prisoner. On November 10, 2021, Dziadok was sentenced to five years in a general-security penal colony and is held in Prison Number 8.

## Biography

Mikola Dziadok was born on August 23, 1988, in Brahin. He graduated from the BSU College of Law. After graduating from college, he was enrolled in the 3rd year of the Faculty of Law of BSU, but didn't study there. He left BSU, entered the European Humanities University at the political science department (he studied in absentia; at the time of his arrest he was a 2nd year student). He worked in a collection firm, where he acted as a journalist, lawyer and programmer at the same time. He also became a member of the Belarusian anarchist movement. In May 2011, Dziadok was sentenced to 4.5 years in prison in a maximum security colony for participating in attacks on government buildings. In February 2015, Dedok was sentenced to an additional year in prison under Article 411 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus. After his release, he continued his social and political activities, took up journalism and research in the field of political science.

### Arrest and prison sentence

Before his arrest, Dedok, according to himself, was an activist unknown to the general public. His name appeared in the media for the first time only in connection with his arrest. Mikola Dziadok was detained on September 3, 2010, as a suspect in the case of the attack on the Russian Embassy in Minsk on the night of August 31. The law enforcement bodies of Belarus arrested the young man for three days and placed him in a temporary detention center. Failing to collect a sufficient amount of evidence that would confirm Mikola's involvement in the case, law enforcement agencies extended the term of his detention, but in a different case – an attack on the House of Trade Unions. However, when the accusation of his participation again did not receive sufficient evidence, Mikola was detained for the third time as a suspect in the case of an attack on a Belarusbank branch. After that, when all possibilities for detention were exhausted, they began to ascribe other illegal actions to Mikola, in particular, theft and hooliganism. On September 24, 2010, having already served more than 20 days under arrest, Mikola Dziadok was accused of participating in an unauthorized rally near the General Staff of Belarus, and on October 1 he was charged under Article 339, part 2 – "hooliganism." On May 27, 2011, the Zavodskoy Court of Minsk sentenced Dedok to 4+12 years in a high security prison. Mikola was held in the so-called "anarchist case" together with Igor Olinevich (sentenced to 8 years) and Alexander Frantskevich (sentenced to 3 years).

At the trial, Dedok did not admit his guilt and later in prison refused to sign a petition for pardon addressed to the president. While imprisoned, on September 13, 2011, Mikola Dziadok married Valeria Khotina in the Mogilev colony. In October 2011, the Viasna Human Rights Centre and the Belarusian Helsinki Committee recognized those convicted in the "anarchist case", including Mikola Dziadok, as political prisoners. Dziadok was taken under the patronage of Sari Essayah, member of the European Parliament from Finland, in November 2011. In prisons No. 15 and 17 of Shklov, Mikola received more than 10 penalties for various far-fetched violations. By a court decision on December 5, 2012, the conditions of serving the sentence were changed to stricter ones – he was transferred from prison No. 17 in Shklov to prison No. 4 in Mogilev.

In November 2014, a new criminal case was opened against Dedok under Article 411 for "willful disobedience to the requirements of the administration of the correctional institution". Five days before the end of his term on February 26, 2015, the Leninsky District Court of Mogilev sentenced Mikola Dziadok to 1 year in a strict regime prison, under Article 411 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus for "malignant disobedience to the demands of the administration". Grandpa was charged with 16 violations of the regime in places of detention. For each of these 16 violations, Mikola had already been punished in a disciplinary order, having received a reprimand of from 5 to 10 days in a punishment cell.

After the conviction, he wrote an open letter to the press, in which he criticized Art. 411 of the Criminal Code as inhumane and repressive.

On May 12, 2015, Mikola was transferred to prison IK-9 in Gorki, where out of the first 50 days of his stay, he spent 42 days in a punishment cell "for violation of the sentence serving regime" and "refusal to work". To draw attention to the unbearable conditions of detention, on May 20, 2015, Dedok was forced to inflict cut wounds on his stomach and arms.

On June 24, 2015, Manuel Sarrazin, Member of the German Bundestag and representative of the Alliance 90/The Greens parliamentary group in the European Parliament, took over the "patronage" of the political prisoner Mikola Dziadok. On August 22, 2015, Alexander Lukashenko pardoned six political prisoners – Mikola Dziadok, Igor Olinevich, Nikolai Statkevich, Yevgeny Vaskovich, Artem Prokopenko and Yuri Rubtsov. The report notes that the decision to pardon was made in accordance with the "principle of humanism".

### After release

After his release, Mikola Dziadok returned to the European Humanities University under the International Politics and Economics program, which he graduated from in 2019. He is a member of the anarchist movement. He works as a journalist for the Novoe Vremya newspaper, writes for other publications, maintains a number of blogs on social networks and a channel in the Telegram messenger, as well as a Radix video blog on "revolutionary political analysis, social struggle and anarchism in Belarus." He has written several books. Since October 2019, he has been a fellow of K. Kalinowski's master's degree program and a student of Polish language courses at the Center for Language and Polish Culture of the Maria Skłodowska-Curie University.

### Continued persecution

On March 25, 2017, Mikola Dziadok was detained in Minsk and taken to the Partizanskiy ROVD, and then to the Center for Isolation of Offenders. On the same day, he was taken with a head injury to the emergency hospital, accompanied by police. After 4 days spent in the hospital, Dziadok was escorted to court, where he received 10 days of arrest under Articles 23.34 (Violation of the procedure for holding mass events) and Art. 23.4 Administrative Code (Disobedience to police orders).

#### 2018

On June 30, 2018, along with 17 other anarchists, he was detained by a special forces group SOBR and employees of the GUBOPiK during the dispersal of an informal meeting of anarchists in a forest near Krupki. According to Mikola himself, he spent five hours in handcuffs with his face to the ground. Dziadok appealed to law enforcement agencies with a request to initiate a criminal case against employees of the GUBOPiK for abuse of office.

On July 12, 2018, Dziadok was detained near his house by riot policemen, when he was going to the trial of journalist Dmitry Galko. He was taken to the Frunzensky District Department of Internal Affairs, and then to the Frunzensky District Court, where he received a fine of 10 basic units under Art. 17.10 of the Administrative Code of the Republic of Belarus. "Demonstration of Nazi symbols". The reason for initiating an administrative case was a post on Facebook condemning Nazism.

On December 27, 2018, Dziadok was fined by the Frunzensky District Court of Minsk in the amount of 40 base units under Article 17.10 of the Administrative Code of the Republic of Belarus. He was accused of distributing extremist products: posting on his Facebook page an illustration depicting the symbols of the Misantropic Division (an international association of neo-Nazi groups), which was included in the republican list of extremist materials by the court of the Central District of Minsk.

But Dziadok's post was directed precisely against Nazism: “The picture from July 2016 is an illustration for a post in which I criticize people for standing next to the Nazis (!!!). Photos are driven to confirm their words. Do you understand the charm of the whole situation? Indeed, how can Nazism be condemned when any illustrative material can be retroactively outlawed? If we proceed from the GUBOPiK's information, then we should judge, for example, those who broadcast military newsreels on television, employees of the Belarusian television who show Nazis and do not retouch them,” he explained his position. The case was heard by judge Maria Erokhina.

#### 2019

Mikola Dziadok became a defendant in a high-profile scandal involving the Russian media. The reason was seven articles in the Novy Chas newspaper, where Dedok works, dedicated to Chechen political and military leaders, in particular, Shamil Basayev. In the 2017 article "Basayev: Your Great Russian dream – sitting up to your throat in shit to drag everyone else there ...", dedicated to the 11th anniversary of the murder of the field commander, Mikola Dziadok presented Basayev as an ambiguous personality, from which, however, "they make a monster from hell". In January 2019, two years later, the Russian media drew attention to it, criticizing and condemning the author of the article, Dziadok, as well as Alena Anisim, who is the head of the Belarusian Language Association and the founder of the newspaper "Novy Chas". From the point of view of a number of media outlets, the publication is a “glorification of terrorists".

The article on the Belarusian pro-Russian website Teleskop, which started the information attack, was rewritten and supplemented by dozens of Russian media outlets. A number of pro-Russian Belarusian media, as well as a member of the Bureau of Belarusian Left Party Sergei Voznyak and Liberal Democratic Party leader Oleg Gaidukevich, also joined in the persecution. In turn, a number of Belarusian mass media spoke out in defense of Dziadok and Anisim, in particular *Belarusian Partisan* and *Nasha Niva*.

The authors of the Teleskop website sent statements to the Ministry of Information and the Procurator, demanding that Novy Chas and Mikola Dziadok be brought to justice. Veteran of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia Oleg Ivannikov appealed to the Procurator of the Chechen Republic and personally to Ramzan Kadyrov with a request "to initiate an inspection of the publication of the newspaper Novy Chas". However, none of these appeals had legal consequences for Mikola Dziadok or the newspaper Novy Chas.

On March 4, 2019, Dziadok was detained near the Frunzensky District Court of Minsk, immediately after he was fined under Art. 17.11 of the Administrative Code of the Republic of Belarus "Distribution of extremist materials" for a post on social networks. Mikola spent more than 2 days in a temporary detention center, after which the judge of the Central Court of Minsk Victoria Shabunya sentenced him to a fine of 25 basic units for participating in the action "Freedom for political prisoners".

On June 10, 2019, in the Frunzensky District Court, Judge M. Erokhin found Mikola Dziadok guilty of "public demonstration and distribution of extremist materials" and sentenced him to a fine of 50 basic units (1,275 rubles or 624 dollars). According to the court ruling, Nikolai posted on the Vkontakte social network a post with four extremist letters "ASAV". The blogger himself was not present at the trial and did not decide to appeal the decision to a higher court.

On September 16, 2019, the Frunzensky District Court again convicted Mikola Dziadok for using the abbreviation "ACAB" in the social network "Vkontakte", and imposed a fine on him in the amount of 40 basic units. The trial was conducted by judge E. V. Pisarevich. "You can endlessly look at three things: how the fire burns, how the water flows, how the GUBOPiK fights my social networks..." – the blogger commented on this judgment on his page.

#### 2020

On January 9, 2020, the Frunzensky District Court convicted Mikola Dziadok under Article 23.34 for participating in an unauthorized action in defense of the independence of Belarus in Minsk on December 21, 2019. The fine was 50 basic units. The trial was conducted by judge A. V. Busheva.

On March 19, 2020, Mikola Dziadok was detained by police officers on charges of minor hooliganism (17.1. Administrative Code of the Republic of Belarus). The activist was taken to the Center for Isolation of Offenders and accused of putting an anti-police inscription on the wall of the dormitory. The next day, when the activist was taken to the Moskovsky district court of Minsk, it turned out that on the day of the inscription, Mikola Dziadok was outside Belarus, which is stamped in his passport. The case was sent to the Moscow District Department of Internal Affairs in Minsk for revision, and later terminated for lack of *corpus delicti*.

On November 12, 2020, he was detained by employees of GUBOPiK in an apartment in the village of Sasnovy of the Asipovichy District. During the arrest, pepper gas was used, and Dziadok was severely beaten. The arrested in the framework of a criminal case on "violation of public order" (Art. 342 of the Criminal Code) was forced to appear on camera for the video of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. After the arrest, he was taken to Minsk to GUBOPiK, where was tortured: siloviki kept him pressed with his head to the floor, beat him with a truncheon and a Taser, strangled, and threatened to rape. Then he was taken to the detention center Okrestina, later was transferred to SIZO No. 1 in Minsk. In detention, the activist was deprived of sleep, heat, food, and contact with the outside world.

On November 24, by a joint statement of 11 organizations, including the Viasna Human Rights Centre, the Belarusian Helsinki Committee, he was recognized as a political prisoner. On January 15, 2021, godparenthood for the political prisoner was undertaken by Tamara Funiciello, member of the Federal Assembly (Switzerland).

In March 2021, the Investigative Committee of Belarus opened new criminal cases against the political prisoner on calling for the seizure of power (part 3 of article 361 of the Criminal Code) and illegal actions in relation to combustible materials (part 1 of article 295-3 of the Criminal Code).

On November 10, 2021, the Minsk City Court sentenced Dziadok to five years in a general-security penal colony.

## Awards

* In May 2017, he received the Ales Korol Award in the category "Best Social and Political Material" for the article "Тунеядские протесты и перспектива Майдана" in the Novy Chas newspaper.
* In December 2017, he received the Francisk Alekhnovicha Award for the best work written in captivity (the book "Цвета параллельного мира").
* In May 2018, he received the Ales Korol Award in the category "Best Social and Political Article" for the article "Тюрьма и воля: культурный обмен".

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Mikola Dziadok | |
| --- | --- |
| Мікалай Аляксандравіч Дзядок | |
| Born | (1988-08-23) August 23, 1988<br>Brahin, Gomel Region, Byelorussia |
| Nationality | Belarusian |
| Citizenship | Belarus |
| Education | BSU, EHU |
| Occupation | Journalist |
| Years active | 2010–present |
| Employer | *Novy Chas* |
| Movement | Anarchism |
| Awards | * Ales Korol Award * Francisk Alekhnovicha Award |
| Website | mikola.noblogs.org |


title: Mike Kaplowitz

abstract: Michael B. Kaplowitz is an American lawyer, financial planner and Democratic politician from Somers, New York. He was a member of the Westchester County Board of Legislators and represented portions of New Castle, Somers and Yorktown. He served as Chair of the Board from 2014 to 2017.

text:
# Mike Kaplowitz

**Michael B. Kaplowitz** (born September 3, 1959) is an American lawyer, financial planner and Democratic politician from Somers, New York. He was a member of the Westchester County Board of Legislators and represented portions of New Castle, Somers and Yorktown. He served as Chair of the Board from 2014 to 2017.

## Political career and background

He and his wife Jayne have lived in Somers since 1989 and they have two daughters who attend the Somers Public Schools. He is a member of the March of Dimes Walk America, the American Red Cross, the Partnership Fund for Aging Services and several area Chambers of Commerce. He earned his B.A. in history from the University of Pennsylvania in 1981 and his J.D. from the Boston University School of Law in 1984. He also became a C.F.P. in 1986.

Kaplowitz has labeled his years of business experience his "guiding star" for the decisions that he makes as a County legislator. After a career in business Kaplowitz decided to run for an open seat on the Westchester County board of legislators in 1997 in the district that encompasses the hamlets of Chappaqua and Millwood in the town of New Castle; Amawalk, Baldwin Place, Granite Springs, Lincolndale, and Shenorock in the town of Somers; and Crompond, Jefferson Valley, Kichtawan and Yorktown Heights in the town of Yorktown.

He ultimately won a razor-thin 35 vote victory over RoseMarie Panio, who was the Yorktown GOP chairwoman. His positions on preserving the County's last opportunities for open space and to conservation issues have earned him praise from environmentalist organizations around the region and the endorsement of the New York League of Conservation Voters in all of his campaigns. He is also involved in legislative effort to keep the issue of sewage diversion & upgrade a priority and supports converting Indian Point Energy Center to a non-nuclear facility. He is a self-described "fiscal conservative."

### Budget committee accomplishments

Kaplowitz was appointed as Chair of the Budget & Appropriations Committee in 2003. He stated that is a supporter of "tax fairness" and has always supported sales tax over property tax, although in May 1998, Kaplowitz was one of four legislators who voted against a sales tax amnesty on clothing costing less than $500. In October 1998, Kaplowitz voted against taking part in a temporary state moratorium on sales tax, suggesting that property taxes would need to be increased substantially if the county did otherwise. Opponents argued that by cutting spending, the board could have made up for the lost sales tax revenue. Due to the settlement of the State of New York's case against tobacco industry, the country board was able to lower property taxes by close to 1% in 1999.

Kaplowitz's campaign states that he worked to forge partnerships among the State, County, local municipalities and school districts for shared sales tax revenue in an attempt to lower the local property tax burden. Kaplowitz took part in winning relief for 354 Northern Westchester homeowners who were paying sewer taxes despite never being hooked up to sewers. In 1999, Kaplowitz's opponent claimed that he backed a $3.5 million plan to install sewers in an enclave outside of his district, while a plan to service the 354 residents of his district that he saved from sewer taxes who were still without service went unresolved.

In 2000, Kaplowitz was able to support County Executive Andrew Spano's budget plan which included a 4.9% tax cut, the largest in country history, although it did include increases in sewer tax levies. However, in 2001, the tax cuts were wiped out after Kaplowitz enacted the proposal from the County Executive to increase the county sales tax by .25%, raise property taxes by 4%, and increase spending by 7.3%. County Executive Spano stated that "I didn't have anything to do with what happened to the economy, with what happened on September 11, with what happened to the state. Those are things I don't think anybody could have anticipated. … I think we did an appropriate and prudent thing in this budget." Kaplowitz joined the other Democrats on the board in taking Spano's plan a step further, raising taxes by an additional percentage point, while adding additional spending to keep open the Playland Ice Casino, and aid for mental health programs, libraries and programs for Latinos, women and the homeless that went beyond what Spano put in his budget.

In 2002, the county was faced with a proposed 31.7% increase in the amount the county raises through property taxes, the largest increase since 1968, the second largest in county history, and the second since Kaplowitz took office, which included a typical increase in the county property-tax rate to $4.59 per $1,000 of property value next year, from $3.83. Although legislators including Kaplowitz attempted to lobby the state for permission to increase sales taxes by 1% instead of increasing property taxes, the movement failed, and Kaplowitz voted in favor of the 14.8% property tax increase which passed just prior to the budget deadline.

As head of the budget committee, Kaplowitz highlighted that spending had risen only by 3.4% from 1998 to 2003. He voted in favor of the 30-cent monthly surcharge on cell phone bills, which generated $1.4 million to upgrade local emergency response systems. Kaplowitz was reelected, although his opponent stated that year, Westchester County had the highest property taxes in New York State, and the highest sales tax outside of New York City and Long Island, with a median property tax bill for an owner-occupied home in Westchester of $6,826 - the highest among the state's 57 counties and more than twice the statewide median of $2,847. As well, all of Westchester's 40 school districts raised their property taxes that year, on top of the 14.9 percent increase in the county property tax levy that Kaplowitz approved after the state rejected their request to hike the county portion of the sales tax by 1 point.

In late 2003, warned that another attempt to increase the lobby the New York State Assembly to increase sales tax would fail, Kaplowitz voted for the $1.4 billion budget which increased property taxes by 8.5% and sales taxes by 1%. The assembly members who represented Westchester in Albany said they opposed the higher sales tax, which was enough to defeat a similar proposal the previous year. Led by Assemblyman Richard Brodsky of Greenburgh, they suggested alternative tax and fee hikes to help balance the county budget, including raising the mortgage tax and extending the reach of the existing sales tax to cover items that are not now taxed.

The Assembly eventually agreed to raise the sales tax by half a percentage point instead of the one percentage increase requested in the budget approved by the board of legislators, and the record $1.4 billion spending plan adopted by the County legislature in December had included an 8.5 percent increase in the property-tax levy and assumed that additional revenues would come from the sales-tax increase. In early 2004, Kaplowitz voted in favor of the amended budget which raised county property tax collections by an additional 10 percent from the amount approved in December to offset the budget gap from the diminished sales tax increase, and when the measure passed, Westchester County ended with 18.82 percent more in property taxes during 2004 than it did in 2003.

In reaction to the second straight year of double digit property tax increases, Kaplowitz stated that as head of the budget committee "the spending hike reflected increases in state mandates such as higher Medicaid and pension fund costs. To cover other potential expenses, county lawmakers created an $11.8 million contingency fund. The fund could help pay for bus service should Albany fall to come through with extra aid, as well as help ball out the cash-strapped Westchester Medical Center and fund future raises for unionized employees." By setting money aside, lawmakers hoped to reassure credit agencies after Moody's placed the county's triple-A bond rating on 90-day ‘watch fist’ review, citing the county's liability for part of the medical center's debt. Kaplowitz said county officials enacted the second double-digit property tax hike of 14.8 percent in 2003 because the package of sales tax increases negotiated with state lawmakers would generate $50 million this year, leaving Westchester with a $22 million gap to fill, reflecting the contingency fund and a $10 million write-down of money owed to Westchester by the medical center for which the county will not be repaid. Kaplowitz stated that "Companies have bad years, and governments unfortunately have bad years. Hopeful, this is the end to two bad years in a row".

In 2004, the Budget Committee did not raise taxes for the first time in four years, although the budget did increase county spending by 4%. In 2005, County Executive Spano announced a plan to supplementing the state's actions to address the financially insolvent Westchester Medical Center. The proposal involved a refinancing of so-called "tobacco securitization bonds" that were sold in 1999 following the settlement of national lawsuits against tobacco manufacturers. The refinancing gave the medical center an immediate cash infusion of $27 million and a possible stream of future financial aid. Members of the legislature including Kaplowitz have taken credit for the measure, although it is commonly held that Spano, State Senator Nick Spano, and State Assemblyman Richard Brodsky were chiefly responsible for the bailout, which included an additional $75 million from county taxes, increased fees and state taxpayers from other municipalities.

The budget for 2006 included a raise in the property tax levy by 4.5%, with the total budget up 3.9% from 2005, in part from absorbing $14.4 million in bills for Westchester Medical Center, for overall county government budget of $1.54 billion. The ranks of county employees also would grow for the first time in eight years ago, from 4,560 to 4,655 workers. Republicans in the minority suggested spending cuts to avoid a tax increase, but Kaplowitz called the Republican calculations "unsustainable" and "unrealistic", stating "Today is decision day for the 2006 county budget. After negotiation, deliberation and, perhaps, consternation, the 17 members of the Board of Legislators will convene to decide what stays in the proposed $1.54 billion spending package, what goes, and what the final tally for taxpayers will be. I'm looking to cut and pare and slice and return to some fiscal sanity by paying for and investing in what we can afford and cutting out what we can and creating some real, practical financial discipline." In voting for the tax increase, Kaplowitz called it a plan that "meets the concerns of all Westchester residents". Much of the tax increase in the budget came from the absorption of $14.4 million in maintenance and other costs at Westchester Medical Center which Kaplowitz called "part of a 'long-term plan for viability' for the hospital", while the board's Republicans suggested the county could have collected those bills, pointing to the hospital's surplus for 2006.

The 2007 budget from Kaplowitz's committee increased property taxes by another 3.5%, under the $1.7b budget approved by the County Legislature. The budget included 77 new county jobs, and a 7.5 percent increase in the funding of nonprofit groups that run arts and human services programs for the county under contract. In late 2007, Bill Ryan, chairman of the County legislature, announced plans for a compensation package that would have raised his own pay by 90% and increased substantially the pay of his fellow legislators. To the opposition of Ryan and his fellow Democrats on the board, Kaplowitz, who initially defended the raises, later objected stating, "I don't believe a compelling case was sufficiently made to support a stipend increase. Further, there was not appropriate public notice given nor opportunity for timely public input. Therefore, a pay raise is not justified at this time." In 2005, the board voted to increase the stipend to the current $40,000, and board members also voted themselves a series of stipends for chairing committees and other leadership positions. The measure enacted in 2007 included another increase in base compensation, and boosted all of the board's other stipends, including raising the vice chair stipends from $12,000 to $15,000. Kaplowitz did not return any of the pay increase or the spending stipends he received.

The $1.77b budget adopted by Kaplowitz for 2008 again raised property taxes, this time by 3.89%, with an increase in spending of $4.2 million, for a variety of social services and health programs. Kaplowitz estimated that about three-quarters of the spending was to restore programs that had been removed by County Executive Spano. They included mental health services for children, eviction protection efforts and immigrant outreach services." Kaplowitz commented after the vote that "County taxpayers are buying an accountable government and essential services at a fair cost." He noted that it was the ninth time in ten years that the legislators lowered the County Executive's proposed tax levy increase, stating that "This budget reflects that we're meeting our public policy objective of creating budget certainty from year to year." However, the perpetual increases in property taxes created some controversy now that the Pepsi Bottling Group, located in Kaplowitz's home town of Somers, announced that it was challenging its tax assessment in court and considered relocating out of Westchester. Since 2000, real property taxes in Westchester have increased 54%.

### Campaigns for New York State Senate

Kaplowitz has twice launched campaigns to represent the 40th district in the New York State Senate, a Hudson Valley seat which has traditionally leaned towards Republicans. In that effort, he has sought to recast himself as a fiscal conservative.

#### 2006

In 2006, Kaplowitz launched an unsuccessful bid for higher office in the New York State Senate, 40th District, attempting to unseat Republican incumbent Vinnie Leibell. Kaplowitz was motivated to run for the seat by an election year which saw the region trend Democratic. Despite key upsets like the defeat of incumbent Republican Congresswoman Sue Kelly, Kaplowitz was not successful. He garnered 45.6% of the vote.

#### 2010

In April 2010, Kaplowitz launched his campaign for New York State Senate, 40th District. Incumbent Senator Vincent Leibell ran for County Executive in Putnam County, making the 40th District an open seat.

Kaplowitz was opposed by Republican Assemblyman Greg Ball, a two-term state assembly member representing the 99th state Assembly District. Ball easily defeated Somers Town Supervisor Mary Beth Murphy in Republican primary election, and went on to defeat Kaplowitz in the general election.

### Electoral history

Westchester County Legislator - District 4, 2007
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | Michael B. Kaplowitz (I) | 6834 | 57.8 | Democrat **hold** |
|  | Republican | Terrence P. Murphy | 4980 | 42.2 |  |

New York State Senate, 40th District, 2006
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | Michael B. Kaplowitz | 43387 | 45.6 |  |
|  | Republican | Vincent L. Leibell III (I) | 51724 | 54.4 | Republican **hold** |

Westchester County Legislator - District 4, 2005
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | Michael B. Kaplowitz (I) | 10069 | 66.1 | Democrat **hold** |
|  | Republican | Rand Neveloff | 5154 | 33.9 |  |

Westchester County Legislator - District 4, 2003
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | Michael B. Kaplowitz (I) | 6662 | 54.4 | Democrat **hold** |
|  | Republican | Mark C. Fang | 5580 | 45.6 |  |

Westchester County Legislator - District 4, 2001
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | Michael B. Kaplowitz (I) | 7460 | 57.1 | Democrat **hold** |
|  | Republican | Mark C. Fang | 5601 | 42.9 |  |

Westchester County Legislator - District 4, 1999
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | Michael B. Kaplowitz (I) | 6148 | 52.3 | Democrat **hold** |
|  | Republican | RoseMarie Panio | 4954 | 42.1 |  |

Westchester County Legislator - District 4, 1997
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | Michael B. Kaplowitz | 5341 | 50.1 | Democrat *pickup* |
|  | Republican | RoseMarie Panio | 5302 | 49.9 |  |

## InfoBox

| Mike Kaplowitz | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Westchester County Board of Legislators from the 4th District | |
| **In office**
January 1, 1998  December 31, 2019 | |
| Preceded by | Andrew J. Donovan |
| Succeeded by | Vedat Gashi |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Michael B. Kaplowitz
(1959-09-03) September 3, 1959 |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Jayne Kaplowitz |
| Children | 2 |
| Residence | Somers, New York |
| Occupation | Financial Planner
Lawyer
Politician |
| Website | www.mikekaplowitz.com |
|  | |


title: Milligram (band)

abstract: Milligram was an American rock band from Boston active from 1996 until 2002.

text:
# Milligram (band)

**Milligram** was an American rock band from Boston active from 1996 until 2002.

## Biography

Formed by Jonah Jenkins and Darryl Shepard in 1996, Milligram had no permanent drummer. Shepard continued playing in Roadsaw, while Jenkins formed Miltown. After a predictably "major" label battle between Miltown and Warner Brothers/Giant Records, Jenkins returned to Milligram in 1998. After recruiting Bob Maloney on bass guitar and Zephan Courtney (StompBox, Juliana Hatfield, Chevy Heston) on drums, the *Hello Motherfucker! EP* CD/EP was recorded.

In late 1999, Milligram parted ways with Bob Maloney and recruited Jeff Turlik (Blue Man Group, StompBox, Roadsaw) on bass guitar. The *Hello Motherfucker! EP* CD/EP was released on April 28, 2000, on Tortuga Recordings. On March 20, 2001, the *Hello Motherfucker!* CD/EP was re-released with a bonus companion CD : *Black & White Rainbow*. Their next release, which was originally titled *Death To America*, was scheduled to be recorded starting on September 11, 2001, at the New Alliance Studios in Boston, but because of the 9/11 events, recording was pushed back to three days in November, 2001, with the final recording finished over three days in February, 2002. The release was also renamed *This Is Class War*. Fourteen songs from *This Is Class War* were originally released in a limited pressing of 300 hand-stamped CDRs on Jenkins's label, TRAKTOR7 Records.

The band broke up in summer 2002. Though they had disbanded only a few months earlier, the Milligram's final sessions were taken up by Small Stone Records and released on February 25, 2003, with more than 30 minutes of bonus material such as outtakes or remixes (drums and voices only).

In 2011, Milligram reformed to play at the Palladium with Kyuss Lives in Worcester, Massachusetts.

## Band members

* Jonah Jenkins – vocals
* Darryl Shepard – guitar, piano
* Zephan "Zeph" Courtney – drums
* Bob Maloney (1996–1999) – bass guitar
* Jeff Turlik (1999–2002) – bass guitar

## Discography

| Year | Album |
| --- | --- |
| 2001 | *Hello Motherfucker! (2001 re-issue)* |
| 2003 | *This Is Class War* |
|

## EPs

| Year | Album |
| --- | --- |
| 2000 | *Hello Motherfucker! EP* |
| 2001 | *Black & White Rainbow (companion CD)* |
|

## 7" vinyl

1999

Milligram/Quintaine Americana split 7-inch (Polterchrist Records) limited pressing of 300 copies, colored vinyl
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Nervous Breakdown (Black Flag cover) – (Milligram) (Side A)" | 1:58 |
| 2. | "Rebel Yell (Billy Idol cover) – (Quintaine Americana) (Side B)" | 4:15 |

2002

Milligram s/t 7-inch (Superfi Records) limited pressing of fewer than 400 copies
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Mean Machine (Motörhead Cover) (Side A)" | 2:58 |
| 2. | "Back Seat of my Car (Dwarves cover) (Side A)" | 1:09 |
| 3. | "The Resentinel (Side B)" | 3:59 |

## Compilation appearances

2001 * **Music With Attitude: Volume 31**

Have contributed with track *"Not Okay"* – 4:01

2002

Have contributed with track *"Rumblin' Man"* a cover song of the band Cactus – 3:47

## InfoBox

| Milligram | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Boston, Massachusetts, United States |
| Genres | Stoner rock, alternative metal, hardcore punk |
| Years active | 1996 (1996)–2002 (2002) |
| Labels | Tortuga Recordings
TRAKTOR7 Records
Small Stone Records
Overcome Records (France) |
|  | |
| Members | Jonah Jenkins
Darryl Shepard
Zephan "Zeph" Courtney
Jeff Turlik |
|  | |
| Past members | Bob Maloney |


title: Milizia Coloniale

abstract:
The Milizia Coloniale was an all-volunteer colonial militia composed of members of the Fascist Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale or MVSN, commonly called the "Blackshirts". It is considered unique in modern Italian military history, with its reputation matched only by the pre-unification paramilitary forces Redshirts. The Milizia Coloniale was formed by Benito Mussolini in 1923. Its organization was based on the "action squads" he introduced in 1919 to counter communists and quash his enemies within the National Fascist Party. The militia organization had special branches that performed police functions covering infrastructure, postal services, and borders. For instance, there are Special Blackshirt units tasked with coastal defense. Based in Italian North Africa and Italian East Africa, the milizia coloniale recruited initially among Italian colonists, but later also among local Africans. By December 1931, the recruits reached 399,000. The Milizia Coloniale saw action during the Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1936 where 83 battalions were deployed. The colonial militia units involved in this campaign consisted seven legions (legioni):
  - First Legion – Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  - Second Legion – Asmara, Eritrea
  - Third Legion – Gondar, Ethiopia
  - Fourth Legion – Massawa, Eritrea
  - Fifth Legion – Mogadishu, Somaliland
  - Sixth Legion – Jimma, Ethiopia
  - Seventh Legion – Dessie, Ethiopia Units from Italian East Africa were formed into the Africa Division, which was a light infantry division and was later destroyed in combat during the East African campaign. Forty six legions were also mobilized in World War II, with each legion serving under one Italian Army division. All remaining legions were destroyed during the Western Desert campaign during World War II.

text:
# Milizia Coloniale

The **Milizia Coloniale** was an all-volunteer colonial militia composed of members of the Fascist *Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale* ("Volunteer Militia for National Security") or MVSN, commonly called the "Blackshirts". It is considered unique in modern Italian military history, with its reputation matched only by the pre-unification paramilitary forces Redshirts.

The Milizia Coloniale was formed by Benito Mussolini in 1923. Its organization was based on the "action squads" he introduced in 1919 to counter communists and quash his enemies within the National Fascist Party. The militia organization had special branches that performed police functions covering infrastructure, postal services, and borders. For instance, there are Special Blackshirt units tasked with coastal defense. Based in Italian North Africa and Italian East Africa, the *milizia coloniale* recruited initially among Italian colonists, but later also among local Africans. By December 1931, the recruits reached 399,000.

The Milizia Coloniale saw action during the Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1936 where 83 battalions were deployed. The colonial militia units involved in this campaign consisted seven legions (*legioni*):

Units from Italian East Africa were formed into the Africa Division, which was a light infantry division and was later destroyed in combat during the East African campaign. Forty six legions were also mobilized in World War II, with each legion serving under one Italian Army division. All remaining legions were destroyed during the Western Desert campaign during World War II.


title: Miles Jones (musician)

abstract: Miles Gillespie Jones is a Canadian hip hop/soul musician. Miles founded Mojo Records and Publishing in 2004 to provide an outlet for artists, producers and DJs to produce and publish audio works. Miles career began with a solo album he released in 2006 release which was his University thesis project titled One Chance. In 2009, he followed up with Hip Hop second album titled, Runaway Jones, which landed placements on CSI Las Vegas, ABC's Rookie Blue and CTV's 2010 Olympic games soundtrack of the nation.

text:
# Miles Jones (musician)

**Miles Gillespie Jones** (born 1983) is a Canadian hip hop/soul musician. Miles founded *Mojo Records and Publishing* in 2004 to provide an outlet for artists, producers and DJs to produce and publish audio works. Miles career began with a solo album he released in 2006 release which was his University thesis project titled *One Chance*. In 2009, he followed up with Hip Hop second album titled, Runaway Jones, which landed placements on CSI Las Vegas, ABC's Rookie Blue and CTV's 2010 Olympic games soundtrack of the nation.

## Discography

* General Consensus Volumes 1–3
* 2005: Mike Ford – Canada Needs You (Production)
* 2006: One Chance
* 2007: DJ Wristpect – Bridging the Gap Volume 2 Toronto to Chicago
* 2009: Never Too Late (Single) Produced by Black Milk
* 2009: Runaway Jones (Canada)- (URBNET/Fontana/Universal)
* 2010: Never Wrong (Single) (US) – (MB3/Caroline)
* 2011: Time Machine (Single) (US) – (URBNET/Mojo)
* 2011: Runaway Jones (US) – (Foundation/Mojo)
* 2011: Catch Me in the Rye – (Foundation/Mojo)
* 2012: Act So Strange (EP)
* 2012: All Lies (Single)
* 2012: Maybe Tomorrow (Single)
* 2012: The Jones Act Part III (URBNET/Foundation/Mojo)

## Videos

* No More feat. Marinda – 2012 – Director: Aaron Alleyne
* Time Machine – 2011 – Director: Sean Harvey
* Never Wrong (Remix) – 2011 – Director: Aaron Alleyne
* Rhyme Like This feat. Percee P – 2010 – Director: Isaac Cravit
* Trust Me feat. RaSoul – 2010 – Director: Michael Kane

## Awards

* 2007 Ontario Independent Music Awards Hip Hop Artist of the Year
* Winner of 9th Annual Independent Music Awards (IMA): Rap/Hip-Hop song "Coast to Coast".
* Nominated for 2009 Indie Awards: Favourite Hip Hop Artist
* Winner of the 2010 Billboard World Song Contest : Rap/Hip-Hop song "Coast to Coast".
* Winner of The 10th Annual Independent Music Awards in the Rap/Hip-Hop Song category for "Time Machine".

## Licensing

* "Coast To Coast" – CTV Olympic Broadcast – 2010
* "Coast To Coast" – CSI: Las Vegas – Season 10 (CBS)
* "Baby Boy" – Degrassi
* "Again" – The Best Years 2
* "The Boom Boom" – Degrassi
* "Pumps and Polos" LA Complex (2012)
* "Coast to Coast" Rookie Blue -ABC (2012)

## InfoBox

| Miles Jones | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Miles Gillespie Jones |
| Also known as | Runaway Jones |
| Born | (1983-03-24)24 March 1983 |
| Origin | Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
| Genres | Hip hop/Soul |
| Occupation(s) | rapper, singer-songwriter, producer |
| Years active | 2004–present |
| Labels | Mojo Records & Publishing |
|  | |
| Website | www.runawayjones.com |


title: Macroglossum hirundo

abstract: Macroglossum hirundo is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from the Cook Islands, Fiji, the Society Islands, Australia, Papua New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands. The wingspan is about 40 mm. They larvae feed on various Rubiaceae species, including Canthium odoratum, Coelospermum reticulatum, Coprosma repens, Morinda jasminoides, Myrmecodia beccarii, Pavetta australiensis and Psychotria loniceroides.

text:
# Macroglossum hirundo

***Macroglossum hirundo*** is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from the Cook Islands, Fiji, the Society Islands, Australia (the Northern Territory, Queensland and New South Wales), Papua New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands.

The wingspan is about 40 mm.

They larvae feed on various Rubiaceae species, including *Canthium odoratum*, *Coelospermum reticulatum*, *Coprosma repens*, *Morinda jasminoides*, *Myrmecodia beccarii*, *Pavetta australiensis* and *Psychotria loniceroides*.

## Subspecies

* *Macroglossum hirundo hirundo*
* *Macroglossum hirundo errans* Walker, 1856 (Papua New Guinea)
* *Macroglossum hirundo lifuensis* Rothschild, 1894 (New Caledonia)

## InfoBox

| *Macroglossum hirundo* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Macroglossum hirundo* male dorsal | |
|  | |
| *Macroglossum hirundo* male ventral | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Sphingidae |
| Genus: | *Macroglossum* |
| Species: | ***M. hirundo*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Macroglossum hirundo***<br>Boisduval, 1832 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Leucostrophus hirundo* * *Macroglossa cinerascens* Butler, 1884 * *Macroglossa belinda* Pagenstecher, 1900 * *Macroglossum tinnunculus* Boisduval, 1875 * *Macroglossum navigatorum* Rebel, 1915 * *Rhamphoschisma scottiarum* R. Felder, 1874 * *Macroglossum hirundo vitiense* Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 * *Macroglossum hirundo tonganum* Gehlen, 1930 * *Macroglossum hirundo samoanum* Rothschild & Jordan, 1906 * *Macroglossum hirundo interrupta* Closs, 1911 | |


title: Łodygowo, Iława County

abstract: Łodygowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kisielice, within Iława County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) west of Kisielice, 26 km (16 mi) west of Iława, and 89 km (55 mi) west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

text:
# Łodygowo, Iława County

**Łodygowo** \[wɔdɨˈɡɔvɔ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kisielice, within Iława County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) west of Kisielice, 26 km (16 mi) west of Iława, and 89 km (55 mi) west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

## InfoBox

| Łodygowo | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Łodygowo | |
| Coordinates: 53°37′N 19°11′E / 53.617°N 19.183°E / 53.617; 19.183 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Warmian-Masurian |
| County | Iława |
| Gmina | Kisielice |


title: Orthopristis chrysoptera

abstract: Orthopristis chrysoptera, the pigfish, hogfish, piggy perch, redmouth grunt or sailor's choice, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grunt belonging to the family Haemulidae. It is found in the western Atlantic Ocean. This name derives from the grunting or chattering noise these fish make by rubbing their pharyngeal teeth together.

text:
# Orthopristis chrysoptera

***Orthopristis chrysoptera***, the **pigfish**, **hogfish**, **piggy perch**, **redmouth grunt** or **sailor's choice**, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grunt belonging to the family Haemulidae. It is found in the western Atlantic Ocean. This name derives from the grunting or chattering noise these fish make by rubbing their pharyngeal teeth together.

## Description

*Orthopristis chrysoptera* has an elliptical, oval shaped, compressed body with a thin-lipped small mouth which does not extend to the eye and is not coloured red inside. The jaws have a narrow band of thin teeth. The dorsal fin contains 12–13 spines and a similar number of soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 12–13 soft rays, the second spine is slightly thicker and longer than the third. The entire body is covered in scales apart from the tip of the snout, lips and chin. The Pigfish is pale bluish-grey on its back and silvery on its underside. Every scale on its body has a blue center and a bronze spot on the margin, creating diagonal orange-brown stripes running up an along the flanks and back. The stripes below the lateral line are horizontal. There are bronze spots on the head and the fines are a yellowish- bronze with dusky margins. This species attains a maximum total length of 46 cm (18 in), although 30 cm (12 in) is more typical, and the maximum recorded weight is 900 g (32 oz).

## Distribution

*Orthopristis chrysoptera* is found in the western Atlantic Ocean along the east coast of the United States and Mexico. Its range extends from Massachusetts to Florida and into the Gulf of Mexico, including the Yucatan Peninsula and Cuba. It is also found in Bermuda. A single specimen was reported off the coast of southern Sicily in 2020, likely after being transported accidentally by a ship.

## Habitat and biology

*Orthopristis chrysoptera* are found at depths between 1 and 20 m (3 ft 3 in and 65 ft 7 in), where they can be found in estuaries and bays, sometimes entering canals, but seldom waters of very low salinity. Within these shallow waters they inhabit a range of habitats, residing over soft substrates such as sand or silt, hard substrates including jetties, reefs and oil rigs, as well as shell banks. They may be found both in coastal waters and over the continental shelf.

The main spawning season occurs during the Spring, starting in late winter. Spawning takes place at dusk, and may occur offshore in open waters or in more sheltered situations inshore. The larger fish typically spawn earlier in the season. All fish lose condition over this spawning season. The eggs and larvae are pelagic. Eggs hatch after only 48 hours into larvae, which become juveniles at approximately 7 cm (2.8 in) in length. The maximum reported age of the Pigfish is 4 years, but most only live to 3 years of age.

Pigfish are predatory fish, emerging from shelters to feed at night. Their main prey is benthic invertebrates. As with many species of predatory fish, prey size increases with the size of the fish. Younger fish typically feed on planktonic crustaceans while larger fish feed on polychaetes, larger crustaceans, molluscs and smaller fish. They have even been recorded eating insect larvae in brackish waters. Pigfish are a migratory species and thus move offshore during the winter to reside in warmer, deeper water. When they return inshore in the Springtime they are often found in poor condition, suggesting that the offshore food supply is of low quality. They also undertake shorter distance migrations to and from feeding areas and shelters on a daily basis.

The pigfish likely gets its name from the chattering noises they create when they are captured. The pigfish creates this grunting noise by rubbing its pharyngeal teeth together, in the same manner as the other grunt species. When feeding, pigfish use these teeth to grind up shellfish and small bits of other food.

## Systematics

*Orthopristis chrysoptera* was first formally described as *Perca chrysoptera* in 1758 by Carolus Linnaeus with the type locality given as Carolina. It is now thought this means the Bahamas or South Carolina. When Charles Frédéric Gerard described *Orthopristis duplex* in 1858 he placed it in a new genus. This taxon was later shown to be a junior synonym of Linnaeus's *P. chrysoptera*, so this species is the type species of the genus Orthopristis. The specific name *chrysoptera* means "golden-finned." Linnaeus did not explain this, but it may refer to the row of bronze spots on the dorsal fin or the yellowish paired fins.

## Utilisation

*Orthopristis chrysoptera* is caught using hook and line, traps and seines. The catch is not recorded separately for this species. The flesh is normally sold fresh. It is often caught to be used as bait in angling and commercial fisheries for other, larger fish such as the spotted sea trout (*Cynoscion nebulosus*).

1. Ohs, C.L., DiMaggio, M.A., Grabe, S.W. “Species Profile: Pigfish Orthopristis chrysoptera. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center, United States Department of Agriculture.

## InfoBox

| *Orthopristis chrysoptera* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Perciformes |
| Family: | Haemulidae |
| Genus: | *Orthopristis* |
| Species: | ***O. chrysoptera*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Orthopristis chrysoptera***
(Linnaeus, 1766) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Perca chrysoptera* Linnaeus, 1766 * *Haemulon chrysopterum* (Linnaeus, 1766) * *Labrus fulvomaculatus* Mitchill, 1815 * *Orthopristis fulvomaculatus* (Mitchill, 1815) * *Pomadasys fulvomaculatus* (Mitchill, 1815) * *Pristipoma fulvomaculatum* (Mitchill, 1815) * *Pristipoma fasciatum* Cuvier, 1830 * *Orthopristis duplex* Girard, 1858 * *Orthopristis poeyi* Scudder, 1868 | |


title: Philenoptera laxiflora

abstract: Philenoptera laxiflora, synonym Lonchocarpus laxiflorus, is a species of legume in the family Fabaceae. The tree grows to 4–8 meters in height, has grey or yellowish bark and compound leaves. New leaves are accompanied by purple flowers on multi-branched panicles. The fruit is a glabrous papery pod, usually containing one seed. Ph. laxiflorus is widely distributed in West Africa, Central Africa, the African Great Lakes, and Northeast Africa. It is found in savanna woodlands and dry forested areas, particularly fringing forest near water courses.

text:
# Philenoptera laxiflora

***Philenoptera laxiflora***, synonym ***Lonchocarpus laxiflorus***, is a species of legume in the family Fabaceae. The tree grows to 4–8 meters in height, has grey or yellowish bark and compound leaves. New leaves are accompanied by purple flowers on multi-branched panicles. The fruit is a glabrous papery pod, usually containing one seed. *Ph. laxiflorus* is widely distributed in West Africa, Central Africa, the African Great Lakes, and Northeast Africa. It is found in savanna woodlands and dry forested areas, particularly fringing forest near water courses.

## Human use

*Ph. laxiflorus* is used across its range for traditional medicine. These uses include:

Other uses of *Ph. laxiflorus* include applying a lotion with a decoction to the skin to treat venereal disease, constipation in children, skin diseases, sterility (insufficient semen).

## Chemistry and toxicology

*Ph. laxiflorus* has been little studied, though many species in the related genus *Lonchocarpus* contain rotenoids, tannins, flavonoids, and isoflavonoids. One study extracted several new compounds from the bark: two isoflavanes (lonchocarpane and laxiflorane) and two pterocarpanes (philonopterane and 9-O-methyl derivative).

Nothing specific is known about the toxicology of *Ph. laxiflorus*.

## InfoBox

| *Philenoptera laxiflora* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Faboideae |
| *Clade*: | Millettioids |
| Tribe: | Millettieae |
| Genus: | *Philenoptera* |
| Species: | ***P. laxiflora*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Philenoptera laxiflora***<br>(Guill. & Perr.) Roberty | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Dalbergia schimperiana* Hochst. ex A.Rich. * *Lonchocarpus laxiflorus* Guill. & Perr. * *Lonchocarpus philenoptera* Benth. * *Lonchocarpus sophiae* Kotschy & Peyr. * *Philenoptera heuglinii* Pritz. * *Philenoptera kotschyana* Fenzl, nom. nud. | |


title: Sangria Señorial

abstract: Sangría Señorial is a sangria-flavored, non-alcoholic beverage produced by Mezgo S.A de C.V in Mexico since 1960.

text:
# Sangria Señorial

**Sangría Señorial** is a sangria-flavored, non-alcoholic beverage produced by Mezgo S.A de C.V in Mexico since 1960.

## Description

It is made with wine grapes, essence of lemon, cane sugar, and carbonated water. It has been distributed in the United States by Novamex, the producers of Jarritos soft drinks, since 1982.

## InfoBox

Sangria Señorial
| The logo of sangria Señorial | |
| --- | --- |
| Manufacturer | Mezgo |
| Country of origin | Mexico |
| Introduced | 1960 (1960) |
| Related products | Chaparritas El Naranjo
*Barrilitos*
Trébol |


title: Paralbara muscularia

abstract: Paralbara muscularia is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1866. It is found in northern India, northern Myanmar and southern China. The wingspan is about 32 mm. Adults are cinereous brown, the wings with two dark brown lines, the first antemedial and the second postmedial. The latter has a zigzag course and borders the inner side of a dark red broad irregular band.

text:
# Paralbara muscularia

***Paralbara muscularia*** is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1866. It is found in northern India, northern Myanmar and southern China.

The wingspan is about 32 mm. Adults are cinereous brown, the wings with two dark brown lines, the first antemedial and the second postmedial. The latter has a zigzag course and borders the inner side of a dark red broad irregular band.

## InfoBox

| *Paralbara muscularia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Drepanidae |
| Genus: | *Paralbara* |
| Species: | ***P. muscularia*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Paralbara muscularia***<br>(Walker, 1866) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Fascellina muscularia* Walker, 1866 * *Drepana orphnina* Hampson, \[1893\] * *Albara orphnina* ab. *subpallida* Warren * *Albara inaequidiscata* Warren, 1922 | |


title: Monk Cline

abstract: John P. "Monk" Cline was an American professional baseball player who primarily played outfield in the American Association for the Baltimore Orioles, Louisville Colonels and Kansas City Cowboys.

text:
# Monk Cline

**John P. "Monk" Cline**  (March 3, 1858 – September 23, 1916) was an American professional baseball player who primarily played outfield in the American Association for the Baltimore Orioles, Louisville Colonels and Kansas City Cowboys.

## InfoBox

| Monk Cline | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| **Outfielder** | |
| **Born:** March 3, 1858
Louisville, Kentucky, U.S. | |
| **Died:** September 23, 1916(1916-09-23) (aged 58)
Louisville, Kentucky, U.S. | |
| **Batted:** Left**Threw:** Left | |
| MLB debut | |
| July 4, 1882, for the Baltimore Orioles | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| October 14, 1891, for the Louisville Colonels | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Batting Average | .261 |
| Home Runs | 2 |
| RBI | 71 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Monk Comes Down the Mountain

abstract: Monk Comes Down the Mountain is a 2015 Chinese fantasy-adventure-comedy film directed by Chen Kaige and starring Wang Baoqiang, Aaron Kwok, Chang Chen, Lin Chi-ling, Fan Wei, Yuen Wah, Vanness Wu, Wang Xueqi, Danny Chan, Lam Suet and Dong Qi. It is based on the best-selling novel Dao Shi Xia Shan by Xu Haofeng. Filming started in March 2014 on location in Xianghe, Hebei. The film was released on July 3, 2015. It was the first movie with DTS:X and was available in IMAX 3D.

text:
# Monk Comes Down the Mountain

***Monk Comes Down the Mountain*** (Chinese: 道士下山) is a 2015 Chinese fantasy-adventure-comedy film directed by Chen Kaige and starring Wang Baoqiang, Aaron Kwok, Chang Chen, Lin Chi-ling, Fan Wei, Yuen Wah, Vanness Wu, Wang Xueqi, Danny Chan, Lam Suet and Dong Qi. It is based on the best-selling novel *Dao Shi Xia Shan* (*A Monk Comes Down the Mountain*) by Xu Haofeng. Filming started in March 2014 on location in Xianghe, Hebei. The film was released on July 3, 2015. It was the first movie with DTS:X and was available in IMAX 3D.

## Plot

He Anxia is a simple monk living in a secluded Taoist temple, one day he's asked to leave the temple partly because of his trouble making but also because the master wishes for him to experience the outside world. Upon descending from the mountain, Anxia quickly finds himself in a city where he meets Tsui Daoning, a doctor of Chinese medicine as well as the owner a Apothecary; Tsui, partly because he feels sorry for the younger man and partly because he finds his antics funny, decides to take Anxia in as his apprentice.

As he's working, He Anxia comes to learn that Tsui has a much younger brother named Daorong who's not only a never-do-well that's constantly in debt but is also secretly having an affair with Tsui Daorong's wife.

One night, the younger Daorong kills his brother using medicine provided unwittingly by the wife.

He Anxia wishes for the wife and brother to respect Daorong's spirit by remaining home, despite knowing the pair are responsible for his death, but they ignore him and go out to celebrate on a hired boat. However, during the ride, the lovers wind up getting into an argument which leads to a struggle that causes the ship to spring a leak. Panicking, Daorong and the wife try to escape only to find they're locked inside the sinking boat.

He Anxia dives to the boat, but instead of saving them, he lets the couple drown for their crimes. Despite having avenged his master, He Anxia feels guilt for his inaction and goes to a Buddhist temple in an attempt to atone for it. There, He meets an Abbott who's aware of his crime and scolds him for it, he then tells He that if he wishes to be free from his burden he must meditate in the temple for 7 days.

After doing so, He returns to the Apothecary where he meets a man called Zhao Zinchuan who buys some internal medicine for his master for an upcoming match. He Anxia follows Zhao and witnesses the match between Zhao and his master, Peng Qianwu, Zhao defeats Peng and Peng admits Zhao should be the leader of his school over his son. However, as they prepare to leave, Peng stabs Zhao in the back using a hidden blade within his umbrella.

Peng Qianwu's son, Peng Qizi, goes to the Apothecary for medicine for his father who sustained injuries in the fight with Zhao. He and Qizi share a meal with some poisoned meat which makes them hallucinate. In their stupor, they go to the temple residence of Zhou Xiyu in order to steal his collection box, however, they're caught by Zhou who cures them. He Anxia remain in an attempt to be Zhou's disciple.

Qizi returns and informs his father about Zhou where it's revealed they were once disciples at a martial arts school run by Peng Qianqu's father. The aligning master of the school, Peng's father, had wanted Zhou to lead after him but Zhou had left to avoid conflict. Peng Qianqu later appears at the temple to confront Zhou, accusing him of stealing the Ape Strike technique. Zhou, in an attempts to placate Peng, hands over a book whereby he'd written down everything about the technique; having developed it alongside his partner, Boss Cha. However, Peng is not interested in the volumes and attacks Zhou who soundly defeats him. Peng returns home with severe injuries, leading Qizi to shoot Zhou multiple times from the shadows in revenge.

He Anxia brings the dying Zhou to the Buddhist temple so Zhou can find peace of mind before he dies. Instead of comforting Zhou, the temple Abbott throw water in his face and tells him that life is like a ladle thrown by the gods and that these consequences are because of Karma. Zhou understands and states that his dying regret is that he never had a chance to see his friend again, the Abbott tells him that he can always see the person in his mind's eyes which allows Zhou to die content.

He Anxia then seeks out Boss Cha, wishing to kill Peng Qianqu whom he believes to be the shooter, unaware Zhou was killed by his son. Boss Cha is a famous theatrical performer. Anxia tells Cha about Zhou's murder and Cha takes leave from his performance to seek out Peng. This angers his patron Zhao Liren who feels he has lost face over the cancelled performance.

Zhao plots with Peng to ambush Boss Cha with Peng's men. Cha survives the ambush and defeats Peng and his men. Cha is about to kills Peng Qianqu when Peng Qizi admits to being the murderer. Peng Qianqu then kills himself with Cha's spear and tells him that he is atoning for his son's actions.

The movie ends with Cha and He Anxia practicing the Ape Strike technique on a mountain top.

## Cast

## Box office

The film earned US$28 million in its 3-day opening and US$38.25 million in its 4-day opening weekend in China, debuting at first place at the Chinese box office.

## InfoBox

| Monk Comes Down the Mountain | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Chen Kaige |
| Produced by | Chen Hong |
| Starring | Wang Baoqiang
Aaron Kwok
Chang Chen
Lin Chi-ling
Fan Wei
Yuen Wah
Vanness Wu
Wang Xueqi
Danny Chan
Lam Suet
Dong Qi |
| Cinematography | Geoffrey Simpson |
| Music by | Klaus Badelt |
| Production
companies | New Classics Media
Columbia Pictures |
| Distributed by | New Classics Media |
| Release dates | * July 3, 2015 (2015-07-03) (China) * December 6, 2015 (2015-12-06) (United States) |
| Running time | 123 minutes |
| Countries | * China * United States |
| Languages | * Mandarin * English |
| Box office | US$64.28 million |


title: Mop Girl

abstract: Mop Girl Mop Girl is a television drama series based on the novel of the same title by Miaki Kato; it recounts the adventures of Momoko Hasegawa, played by Keiko Kitagawa, who possesses the ability to travel back in time upon contact with belongings of a deceased person with unfinished business in life. She then has the chance to prevent the death of the would-be deceased.

text:
# Mop Girl

***Mop Girl*** (モップガール, *Moppu Gāru*) is a television drama series based on the novel of the same title by Miaki Kato (加藤実秋, *Kato Miaki*); it recounts the adventures of Momoko Hasegawa, played by Keiko Kitagawa, who possesses the ability to travel back in time upon contact with belongings of a deceased person with unfinished business in life. She then has the chance to prevent the death of the would-be deceased.

## Plot

Momoko Hasegawa, a girl who dreams of being a wedding planner is transferred to Little Angels, a subsidiary company of her employer that provides funeral services, following a disastrous incident in a wedding ceremony at the hotel. She acquires the ability to travel back in time at the age of ten, when she is involved in a traffic accident but is saved by a mysterious woman, who passes the ability to her shortly before succumbing to her wound. Years later, she finally learns that the trigger to activating her ability is by touching an important item which belonged to a deceased person that held some sort of significance for them. She uses this ability to travel in time and prevents the death of the deceased persons she encounters on her line of work.

## Cast

Momoko is a young salary woman working for Little Angel, a funeral services provider that handles a variety of cases. Despite having a low-paying job and living in a rundown apartment, she is actually the daughter of a wealthy family in the hospital business. She has a special ability to travel back in time, which she acquired in a traffic accident at a young age. This ability only becomes fully developed after she is transferred to Little Angel, as it is revealed that touching mementos which hold great significance to the deceased would activate her time-travel abilities. Throughout the series, she attempts to use this ability to travel back in time to prevent the deaths of the would-be deceased persons with unfinished business. She is obsessed with muscles. A senior colleague of Momoko in Little Angel. Shoutarou may be cruel towards Momoko sometimes, but has always come to Momoko's aid, often under threat by Momoko to reveal his secrets. He is especially interested in foreign ladies gaijin, a weakness exploited by Momoko to get him into helping her. He has a variety of skills, including picking locks, stealth infiltration, deception, and intelligence gathering; Momoko comments that he should "become a professional criminal" rather than being in the funeral business. * Reina Asami as **Hina Okouchi** (大河内日奈, *Okouchi Hina*)

Hina is Momoko's closest friend from high school who is a *Haken* at a publication company. Because of her connection, Momoko sometimes asks her for help when attempting to change the future/past, and she has proven to be very helpful in some cases. A colleague of Momoko. Akira thinks very little of Momoko, who he sometimes considers a burden, and is often seen criticizing Momoko at work. He also has a crush on Tamaki, who takes no interest in him. * Jiro Sato as **Shigeo Higashi** (東重男, *Higashi Shigeo*)

The president of Little Angel. Shigeo is a soft-spoken, middle-aged man who is always smiling and caring towards his subordinates. He is sometimes criticized by Akira for being too tolerant to Momoko's strange behavior. Female high school student who works part-time at Little Angel. She is the subject of Akira's crush, and is often annoyed by Akira's attempts at asking her out. * Shoko Ikezu as **Miki Kataoka** (片岡未樹, *Kataoka Miki*)

Female colleague of Momoko. She is in charge of the general administration matters at Little Angels – something she takes great pride in. Her appetite is unrivaled. * Magy as **Atsushi Yokouchi** (横内淳, *Yokouchi Atsushi*)

The assistant police inspector. He is continually flustered by his overbearing wife. * Dr. Hirotaro Honda as **Ryuji Hasegawa** (長谷川隆冶, *Hasegawa Ryuji*)

Momoko's father and the president of William Hasegawa Memorial Hospital. * Mayumi Hori as the mysterious woman

The mysterious woman appears only in flash back scenes. After saving a young Momoko from a potentially fatal traffic accident, she passes the ability of time-traveling to Momoko shortly before her succumbing to her injuries. Later revealed to be **Hazuki Yoko** the former girlfriend of Shoutarou Otomo. It's implied that Otomo may know about her ability.

## Episode Ratings

| Episode | Broadcast Date | Episode Title | Rating | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Kantō region | Kansai region | Nationwide |
| 01 | October 12 | *Sōgi gaisha no bishōjo wa shitai wo sukuu* (葬儀会社の美少女は死体を救う) "At the undertakers' a young beauty saves corpses" | 10.2% | n/a | n/a |
| 02 | October 19 | *Serebu hanayome wa satsujin ga osuki* (セレブ花嫁は殺人がお好き!!) "Celeb bride loves homicide!!" | 10.7% | n/a | n/a |
| 03 | October 26 | *Aidoru giin no himitsu wa mitsu no aji* (アイドル議員の秘密は蜜の味!?) "Idol legislator's secret tastes of honey!?" | 11.8% | n/a | n/a |
| 04 | November 2 | *Meido momoko, Akihabara de ai wo sakebu* (メイド桃子、秋葉原で愛を叫ぶ) "Momoko the maid screams love in Akihabara" | 09.7% | n/a | n/a |
| 05 | November 9 | *Yōgisha Azuma shachō no nazo wo oe* (容疑者・東社長の謎を追え!!) "Go after the suspect, president Azuma and his secret!!" | 09.8% | n/a | n/a |
| 06 | November 16 | *Gurabia aidoru no yume wa yoru hiraku* (グラビアアイドルの夢は夜ひらく!?) "Pin-up idol's dreams bloom in the night" | 10.6% | n/a | n/a |
| 07 | November 23 | *Nozokareta!? Onna kyōshi no himitsu no hokenshitsu* (覗かれた!?女教師の秘密の保健室) "Voyeurs!? Female teacher's secret school infirmary" | 09.8% | n/a | n/a |
| 08 | November 30 | *Nazo no hentai sakka shūdan!? Satsui no utage e yōkoso* (謎の変態作家集団!?殺意の宴へようこそ) "Mysterious clique of pervert authors!? Welcome to the banquet of murderous intent" | 10.4% | n/a | n/a |
| 09 | December 7 | *Jumyō ichi nichi... Yakuza no nijū nen ai! Yakusoku no chi e* (寿命1日…ヤクザの20年愛！約束の地へ) "One day left to live.. A yakuza's 20-year love affair! To the promised land" | 09.2% | n/a | n/a |
| 10 | December 14 | *Momoko shisu.. Sayonara Ōtomo san!* (桃子死す…さよなら大友さん!) "Momoko is dead.. Sayonara Ōtomo san!" | 9.4% | n/a | n/a |
| Average |  |  | 10.2% | n/a | n/a |

## InfoBox

| *Mop Girl* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Comedy, mystery, fantasy |
| Starring | Keiko Kitagawa
Shōsuke Tanihara |
| Opening theme | Destination Nowhere (ERIKA) |
| Country of origin | Japan |
| Original language | Japanese |
| No. of episodes | 10 |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Katayama Osamu |
| Producer | Nakagawa Noriko |
| Production location | Tokyo |
| Running time | 60 min./episode |
| Original release | |
| Network | TV Asahi |
| Release | October 12 (2007-10-12)
December 14, 2007 (2007-12-14) |


title: Mop and the Dropouts (Australian Band)

abstract: Mop and the Dropouts were an Indigenous Australian rock band with a significant impact on the music scene and cultural activism. Formed by a teenage Dennis ‘Mop’ Conlon, who grew up in Cherbourg in the late 1960s. Conlon's musical journey began, playing alongside his uncle Doodie Bond and other uncles in band The Magpies, which was a precursor band that eventually evolved into the well-known Mop and the Dropouts. Conlon started the group to help promote "goodwill and understanding between Black and White cultures" through music.

text:
# Mop and the Dropouts (Australian Band)

**Mop and the Dropouts** were an Indigenous Australian rock band with a significant impact on the music scene and cultural activism. Formed by a teenage Dennis ‘Mop’ Conlon, who grew up in Cherbourg in the late 1960s. Conlon's musical journey began, playing alongside his uncle Doodie Bond and other uncles in band The Magpies, which was a precursor band that eventually evolved into the well-known Mop and the Dropouts. Conlon started the group to help promote "goodwill and understanding between Black and White cultures" through music.

## History

As a fourteen-year-old Dennis moved to Brisbane and started a new version of the Magpies (also known as Dennis Colon and the Magpies and Dennis Conlon and his band) that would play shows at Open Doors, an Aboriginal-run venue and South Brisbane venue, The Ship Inn.

In the late 1970s, the band occasional shows with punk bands, including Razar.

The band played many fundraiser shows for Black organisations. In the 80s the band would be performing twice a week or so, whether it would be around West End, Inala, Woodridge (Logan) Ipswich, Toowoomba.

## Music

The band are known for their iconic 1982 song ‘Brisbane Blacks’, that tells the story of the protests First Nations peoples undertook – marching for Aboriginal rights – during the time of the 12th Commonwealth Games in Brisbane. ‘Brisbane Blacks' not only serves as a historical record of those turbulent times but also offers a poignant portrayal of the challenges and experiences faced by Aboriginal individuals in Queensland during that era.

## Legacy

The 2015 documentary *Brisbane Blacks: The Story of Mop and the Dropouts* (directed by Ben Carr) explores the band’s music and impact.

In 2022, Queensland Music Awards as a tribute to Mop and The Dropouts, with Conlon awarded a QMusic Lifetime Achievement Award.

QMusic offers the annual Dennis ‘Mop’ Conlon Scholarship named in Conlon’s honour for his enormous contribution to the Australian music industries, that provides opportunity to an emerging Indigenous Queensland musician or band to develop and record songs.

## Members

* Dennis ‘Mop’ Conlon
* Angus Rabbitt
* Charley "Teapot" Watson
* Keith "Jet" Jackson
* Robert 'Bimbo' Duncan - bass
* Robin O'Chin
* Richo "Jap" Conlon
* Ronald ‘Crow’ Conlon
* Hedley Johnson
* Billy ‘Yowie’ Gorham
* Kerry Jackson

## Discography

| Title | Details |
| --- | --- |
| 'Don't Give In' / 'Brisbane Blacks'' | * Released: 1982 (as Dennis Conlon and The Magpies) * Format: 7" * Label Sundown Records |
| *Man With A Vision* | * Released: 2005 * Format: CD * Label: Independent |
| 'Racial Discrimination' 'Mr Moonlight' | * Released: 2011 * Format: CD - Best of Koori Classic (The Early Years Aboriginal Collection) compilation |

1. Miller, Anne (2022-09-19). "'Mop' Penned A Black Anthem". *southburnett.com.au*. Retrieved 2023-09-04.
2. "Mop & The Dropouts' 1982 anthem 'Brisbane Blacks' gave permanence to protest". *Double J*. 2021-06-02. Retrieved 2023-09-04.
3. Mengel, Noel (November 14, 2015). "Album reviews: Undiscovered heart of our own country". *News.com.au*.
4. "Undercover Music". *www.undercovermusic.com.au*. Retrieved 2023-09-04.
5. Stafford, Andrew (2006). *Pig City: From the Saints to Savage Garden*. Univ. of Queensland Press. ISBN 978-0-7022-3561-0.
6. Robinson, Ellie (2022-09-19). "Mop & The Dropouts frontman Dennis Conlon has died". *NME*. Retrieved 2023-09-04.
7. BushTelegraph, Workers (2015-08-28). "Brisbane Blacks: the Story of Mop and the Dropouts". *Workers BushTelegraph*. Retrieved 2023-09-04.
8. Carr, Ben (2015-06-05), *Brisbane Blacks: The Story of Mop and the Dropouts* (Documentary, Short), Tiga Bayles, Kev Carmody, Dennis Conlon, Streetwise Films, retrieved 2023-09-04
9. "Let's Talk 2022, Episode 49 Mop & The Dropouts". *Murri Country*. 2022-04-01. Retrieved 2023-09-04.
10. Cribb, Dan. "Revered First Nations Artist Dennis Conlon Of Mop & The Dropouts Passes Away". *themusic.com.au*. Retrieved 2023-09-04.
11. "Dennis 'Moppy' Conlon". *Murri Country*. 2023-05-17. Retrieved 2023-09-04.
12. Miller, Anne (2023-03-29). "Music Scholarship To Honour 'Mop'". *southburnett.com.au*. Retrieved 2023-09-04.
13. "Dennis 'Mop' Conlon Scholarship | QMusic Network". *QMusic*. Retrieved 2023-09-04.
14. Miller, Anne (2016-07-12). "Angus Rabbitt: The End Of An Era". *southburnett.com.au*. Retrieved 2023-09-04.
15. Roberts, Rhoda (2006). "NFSA - Search the Collection - Deadly Sounds". *www.collection.nfsa.gov.au*. Retrieved 2023-09-14.
16. Radio, N. T. S. "Mop & The Dropouts | Discover music on NTS". *NTS Radio*. Retrieved 2023-09-13.


title: Mopa-Muro

abstract: Mopa-Muro is a Local Government Area in Kogi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Mopa on the A123 highway. It has an area of 901 km⁲ (348 sq mi) and a population of 59100 at the 2016 census. The postal code of the area is 261.

text:
# Mopa-Muro

**Mopa-Muro** is a Local Government Area in Kogi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Mopa on the A123 highway.

It has an area of 901 km2 (348 sq mi) and a population of 59100 at the 2016 census.

The postal code of the area is 261.

## InfoBox

| Mopa-Amuro | |
| --- | --- |
| LGA | |
| Mopa-AmuroLocation in Nigeria | |
| Coordinates: 8°05′50″N 5°53′45″E / 8.09722°N 5.89583°E / 8.09722; 5.89583 | |
| Country | Nigeria |
| State | Kogi State |
| Area | |
| Total | 901 km2 (348 sq mi) |
| Population (2006 census) | |
| Total | 100,037 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (WAT) |
| 3-digit postal code prefix | 261 |
| ISO 3166 code | NG.KO.MM |
|  | |


title: Monthly Climatic Data for the World

abstract: Monthly Climatic Data for the World (MCDW) is a monthly publication of the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) division of the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the United States. According to the website, each monthly issue "contains monthly mean temperature, pressure, precipitation, vapor pressure, and sunshine for approximately 2,000 surface data collection stations worldwide and monthly mean upper air temperatures, dew point depressions, and wind velocities for approximately 500 observing sites. This is the final quality controlled copy and generally has a 4 - 6 month time lag." The issues are available for download in portable document format.

text:
# Monthly Climatic Data for the World

**Monthly Climatic Data for the World** (**MCDW**) is a monthly publication of the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) division of the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the United States. According to the website, each monthly issue "contains monthly mean temperature, pressure, precipitation, vapor pressure, and sunshine for approximately 2,000 surface data collection stations worldwide and monthly mean upper air temperatures, dew point depressions, and wind velocities for approximately 500 observing sites. This is the final quality controlled copy and generally has a 4 - 6 month time lag."

The issues are available for download in portable document format.

## Reception

MCDW data is recommended as a data source by libraries and other information providers, such as the University of Chicago Library. Other publications, including annual regional climate data publications, have also cited and used MCDW data.

Academic research in meteorology has often cited MCDW data.


title: Montchaboud

abstract: Montchaboud is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France.

text:
# Montchaboud

**Montchaboud** (French pronunciation: \[mɔ̃ʃabu\]) is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 52 |  |
| 1975 | 228 | +23.51% |
| 1982 | 310 | +4.49% |
| 1990 | 305 | −0.20% |
| 1999 | 335 | +1.05% |
| 2009 | 369 | +0.97% |
| 2014 | 370 | +0.05% |
| 2020 | 337 | −1.54% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Montchaboud | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| A general view of Montchaboud | |
| Location of Montchaboud | |
| MontchaboudMontchaboud | |
| Coordinates: 45°05′43″N 5°45′46″E / 45.0953°N 5.7629°E / 45.0953; 5.7629 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes |
| Department | Isère |
| Arrondissement | Grenoble |
| Canton | Oisans-Romanche |
| Intercommunality | Grenoble-Alpes Métropole |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Guy Soto |
| Area**1** | 1.96 km2 (0.76 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 342 |
| Density | 170/km2 (450/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 38252 /38220 |
| Elevation | 261–733 m (856–2,405 ft)
(avg. 522 m or 1,713 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Moot Hall, St Albans

abstract: The Moot Hall is a former municipal building in the Market Place in St Albans, Hertfordshire, England. The building, which now operates as two shops with office space above, is a Grade II listed building.

text:
# Moot Hall, St Albans

The **Moot Hall** is a former municipal building in the Market Place in St Albans, Hertfordshire, England. The building, which now operates as two shops with office space above, is a Grade II listed building.

## History

The first moot hall was a medieval structure which had been built on the site of George Smith's Town Hall and dated back at least to the 14th century. It was in the first moot hall that 15 rebels, who took part in the Peasants' Revolt in 1381, were tried and convicted of destroying property and records belonging to St Albans Abbey.

The current moot hall, further to the south in the Market Place, was designed in the Tudor style using timber frame construction, and was completed around 1570. The design of the new building involved an asymmetrical main frontage of three bays facing onto the Market Place with a side elevation of eight bays stretching down Upper Dagnall Street. The first floor involved extensive use of jettied timber framing allowing the creation of extra space for the meeting room on that floor. A series of sash windows were installed on the first floor in the 18th century. Internally, the principal room was a long meeting room on the first floor known as the "town hall"; to the east of the meeting room i.e. at the front of the building was the jury room and to the west of the meeting room i.e. at the back was the council chamber. On the ground floor, there was a couple of rooms to accommodate the keeper, some stables for horses and a lock-up for incarcerating petty criminals.

The building was the venue for the quarter sessions for the Liberty of St Albans and also hosted meetings of the borough council until the council moved to the new Town Hall in 1826. The building was acquired by Harry Boome of London Colney in 1831. Part of the building was leased to the *Hertfordshire Advertiser* which printed its first edition there in 1855. The Boome family sold the building to Robert Gibbs, one of the founders of the *Hertfordshire Advertiser*, in 1884. Much of the building was then leased to a branch of WHSmith, and although St Albans Borough Council re-acquired ownership of the building in 1963, WHSmith has continued to occupy much of the building ever since.

## InfoBox

| Moot Hall, St Albans | |
| --- | --- |
| Moot Hall, St Albans | |
| Location | Market Place, St Albans |
| Coordinates | 51°45′08″N 0°20′23″W / 51.7522°N 0.3396°W / 51.7522; -0.3396 |
| Built | c.1570 |
| Architectural style(s) | Tudor style |
|  | |
| Listed Building – Grade II | |
| Official name | The Old Moot House |
| Designated | 27 August 1971 |
| Reference no. | 1103069 |
|  | |
| Listed Building – Grade II | |
| Official name | The Hertfordshire Advertiser |
| Designated | 27 August 1971 |
| Reference no. | 1103029 |
|  | |
| Listed Building – Grade II | |
| Official name | 25 Market Place, 2 and 4 Upper Dagnall Street |
| Designated | 27 August 1971 |
| Reference no. | 1347191 |
|  | |
| Listed Building – Grade II | |
| Official name | 27 Market Place |
| Designated | 27 August 1971 |
| Reference no. | 1347170 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Shown in Hertfordshire | |


title: William Jewell Cardinals men's soccer

abstract: The William Jewell Cardinals men's soccer team represents William Jewell College and competes in the Great Lakes Valley Conference (GLVC) of NCAA Division II. Playing their home games at Greene Stadium on the campus of William Jewell College in Liberty, Missouri, the WJC men's soccer team's home games are well attended by WJC students and the Kansas City soccer community.

text:
# William Jewell Cardinals men's soccer

The **William Jewell Cardinals men's soccer team** represents William Jewell College and competes in the Great Lakes Valley Conference (GLVC) of NCAA Division II. Playing their home games at Greene Stadium on the campus of William Jewell College in Liberty, Missouri, the WJC men's soccer team's home games are well attended by WJC students and the Kansas City soccer community.

## History

Prior to the 2011 season the Cardinals competed in the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) as a member of the Heart of America Athletic Conference (HAAC). In 2007 The university began the four year transition process to NCAA Division II. The Cardinals men's soccer team won HAAC championship and 2006 and 2010 and received bids to the NAIA National Soccer Championship Tournament in 2004, 2006, and 2010. In addition the Cardinals were Region V Champions in 2006 and appeared in the NAIA National Final Four twice in 2006 and 2010. In 2011 the Cardinals will begin competing as a member of Division II in the Great Lakes Valley Conference (GLVC).

## Coaching staff

The Cardinals are coached by Eddie Horn. The Cardinals' coaching staff also includes assistant coach Adam James and goalkeeper coach Brad Anderson.

## National Academic Team Honors

* 2009: William Jewell College men's soccer team is honored with the National Soccer Coaches Association (NSCAA) Team Academic Award.
* 2008: William Jewell College men's soccer team is honored with the National Soccer Coaches Association (NSCAA) Team Academic Award.
* 2007: William Jewell College men's soccer team is honored with the National Soccer Coaches Association (NSCAA) Team Academic Award.

## All Americans

William Jewell has had three NAIA All-American soccer players.

* Justin Beck (2010, NSCAA NAIA 2nd Team All America)
* Allan Nekuda (2006, NSCAA/adidas NAIA 1st Team All America)
* Josh Howard (2006, NSCAA/adidas NAIA 2nd Team All America)

### Academic All-American

William Jewell has had 11 NAIA Academic All-American soccer players.

* Joshua Ehrhard, (2009, senior defender)
* Kyle Heiman (2009, junior goalkeeper)
* A.J. Shinabargar (2009, junior defender)
* Joshua Ehrhard (2008, junior midfielder)
* Garrett Jahn (2007 senior midfielder)
* Jacob Patton (2007, senior defender)
* Dusty Green (2006, senior midfielder)
* Garrett Jahn (2006, junior midfielder)
* Jacob Patton (2006, junior defender)
* Jake Wyllie (2005, senior midfielder)
* Jake Wyllie (2004, junior midfielder)

## Players in the Pros

## InfoBox

| William Jewell Cardinals | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| University | William Jewell College |
| Head coach | Eddie Horn (1st season) |
| Conference | GLVC |
| Location | Liberty, Missouri |
| Stadium | Dr. Luther D. Greene Stadium
(Capacity: 3,000) |
| Nickname | Cardinals |
| Colors | Black, cardinal, and white
 |
|  | |
| NCAA Tournament appearances | |
| **2004, 2006, and 2010 (NAIA)** | |
| Conference Tournament championships | |
| **2006 and 2010 (HAAC)** | |
| Conference Regular Season championships | |
| **2006 and 2010 (HAAC)** | |


title: William Junior Lecerf

abstract: William Junior Lecerf is a Belgian cyclist, who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam Soudal–Quick-Step.

text:
# William Junior Lecerf

**William Junior Lecerf** (born 15 October 2002) is a Belgian cyclist, who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam Soudal–Quick-Step.

## Major results

### Road

2022 4th Overall Giro d'Italia Giovani Under 23 7th Liège–Bastogne–Liège Espoirs 2023 1st Piccolo Giro di Lombardia 3rd Overall Tour du Rwanda 3rd Flèche Ardennaise 4th Overall Tour Alsace 5th Overall Tour de l'Avenir 8th Overall Giro Next Gen 9th Liège–Bastogne–Liège Espoirs 2024 (1 pro win) 1st Stage 4 Tour du Rwanda 2nd Overall AlUla Tour 1st  Young rider classification

#### Grand Tour general classification results timeline

| Grand Tour | 2024 |
| --- | --- |
| Giro d'Italia |  |
| Tour de France |  |
| Vuelta a España | 44 |

Legend
|  | Did not compete |
| --- | --- |
| DNF | Did not finish |

### Cyclo-cross

2018–2019 1st Junior Pétange 2019–2020 1st Junior Overijse Junior Ethias Cross 2nd Essen 2nd Junior Gullegem 2nd Junior Pétange 3rd Junior Wachtebeke

## InfoBox

William Junior Lecerf
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (2002-10-15) 15 October 2002<br>Halle, Belgium |
| Height | 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) |
| Weight | 54 kg (119 lb) |
| Team information | |
| Current team | Soudal–Quick-Step |
| Discipline | Road |
| Role | Rider |
| Amateur teams | |
| 2019 | Zannata Galloo Cycling Team |
| 2020 | Acrog–Balen BC Junior |
| 2021 | CC Étupes |
| 2022 | Lotto–Soudal U23 |
|  | |
| Professional teams | |
| 2023 | Soudal–Quick-Step Devo Team |
| 2024– | Soudal–Quick-Step |
|  | |


title: William Juneau

abstract: William J. Juneau was an American football player and coach of football, basketball, and baseball. He served as the head football coach at Colorado College (1904), South Dakota State College of Agricultural and Mechanic Arts (1906–1907), Marquette University (1908–1911), the University of Wisconsin–Madison (1912–1915), the University of Texas at Austin (1917–1919), and the University of Kentucky (1920–1922), compiling a career college football record of 86–39–10. Juneau was also the head basketball coach at South Dakota State for two seasons from 1905 to 1907, tallying a mark of 7–5. He coached baseball at South Dakota State in 1906 and 1908 and at Wisconsin in 1913, amassing a career college baseball record of 15–12–1.

text:
# William Juneau

**William J. Juneau** (February 24, 1879 – October 9, 1949) was an American football player and coach of football, basketball, and baseball. He served as the head football coach at Colorado College (1904), South Dakota State College of Agricultural and Mechanic Arts (1906–1907), Marquette University (1908–1911), the University of Wisconsin–Madison (1912–1915), the University of Texas at Austin (1917–1919), and the University of Kentucky (1920–1922), compiling a career college football record of 86–39–10. Juneau was also the head basketball coach at South Dakota State for two seasons from 1905 to 1907, tallying a mark of 7–5. He coached baseball at South Dakota State in 1906 and 1908 and at Wisconsin in 1913, amassing a career college baseball record of 15–12–1.

## Biography

Juneau was the grandnephew of Solomon Juneau (1793–1856), a fur trader, land speculator, and politician who helped found the city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Juneau played football at Wisconsin as an end and halfback from 1899 to 1902 and captained the Wisconsin Badgers football team in 1902. He began his coaching career in 1903 at Fort Atkinson High School in Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin. Juneau retired from coaching 1923 and entered the real estate business.

He died on October 9, 1949, at the age of 70 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

## Head coaching record

### College football

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Colorado College Tigers** *(Colorado Football Association)* (1904) | | | | | | | | |
| 1904 | Colorado College | 6–3–1 | 1–2–1 | 4th |  |
| **Colorado College:** | | 6–3–1 | 1–2–1 |  | | | | |
| **South Dakota State** *(Independent)* (1906–1907) | | | | | | | | |
| 1906 | South Dakota State | 3–1 |  |  |  |
| 1907 | South Dakota State | 5–2 |  |  |  |
| **South Dakota State:** | | 8–3 |  |  | | | | |
| **Marquette Blue and Gold** *(Independent)* (1909–1911) | | | | | | | | |
| 1908 | Marquette | 4–2–1 |  |  |  |
| 1909 | Marquette | 2–2–1 |  |  |  |
| 1910 | Marquette | 6–1–2 |  |  |  |
| 1911 | Marquette | 7–0–2 |  |  |  |
| **Marquette:** | | 19–5–6 |  |  | | | | |
| **Wisconsin Badgers** *(Western Conference)* (1912–1915) | | | | | | | | |
| 1912 | Wisconsin | 7–0 | 5–0 | 1st |  |
| 1913 | Wisconsin | 3–3–1 | 1–2–1 | 6th |  |
| 1914 | Wisconsin | 4–2–1 | 2–2–1 | T–4th |  |
| 1915 | Wisconsin | 4–3 | 2–3 | 6th |  |
| **Wisconsin:** | | 18–8–2 | 10–7–2 |  | | | | |
| **Texas Longhorns** *(Southwest Conference)* (1917–1919) | | | | | | | | |
| 1917 | Texas | 4–4 | 2–4 | T–5th |  |
| 1918 | Texas | 9–0 | 4–0 | T–1st |  |
| 1919 | Texas | 6–3 | 3–2 | 4th |  |
| **Texas:** | | 19–7 | 9–6 |  | | | | |
| **Kentucky Wildcats** *(Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association)* (1920–1921) | | | | | | | | |
| 1920 | Kentucky | 3–4–1 | 0–3–1 | 19th |  |
| 1921 | Kentucky | 4–3–1 | 1–3–1 | 20th |  |
| **Kentucky Wildcats** *(Southern Conference)* (1922) | | | | | | | | |
| 1922 | Kentucky | 6–3 | 1–2 | T–11th |  |
| **Kentucky:** | | 13–10–2 | 2–8–2 |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 86–39–10 |  | | | | | | |
| National championship         Conference title         Conference division title or championship game berth | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

William Juneau
| Juneau from *The Cactus*, 1918 | |
| --- | --- |
| Biographical details | |
| Born | February 24, 1879
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S. |
| Died | October 9, 1949 (aged 70)
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S. |
| Playing career | |
| Football | |
| 1899–1902 | Wisconsin |
|  | |
| Position(s) | End, halfback |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| Football | |
| 1903 | Fort Atkinson HS (WI) |
| 1904 | Colorado College |
| 1906–1907 | South Dakota State |
| 1908–1911 | Marquette |
| 1912–1915 | Wisconsin |
| 1917–1919 | Texas |
| 1920–1922 | Kentucky |
| Basketball | |
| 1905–1907 | South Dakota State |
| Baseball | |
| 1906–1908 | South Dakota State |
| 1913 | Wisconsin |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 86–39–10 (college football)
7–5 (basketball)
15–12–1 (baseball) |
| Accomplishments and honors | |
| Championships | |
| Football
1 Western (1912)
1 SWC (1918) | |
|  | |
|  | |


abstract: William Gibson was a unionist politician in Northern Ireland. Gibson studied at the Royal University of Ireland before becoming a general practitioner. He was elected to local posts in Belfast; for example, becoming a Poor Law Guardian for Ballymacarrett in 1895. He was the first commander of the 3rd East Belfast Regiment of the Ulster Volunteers, and in the early 1910s served as Honorary Secretary of the Ulster Unionist Council. Following the death of George Clark in 1935, Gibson was selected as the Ulster Unionist Party candidate for the Senate of Northern Ireland, and he defeated Robert Dorman, his Northern Ireland Labour Party opponent, by 35 votes to 5. He was appointed as a Deputy Speaker in 1941, but resigned from the Senate the following year.

text:
# William Gibson (Ulster Unionist Party politician)

**William Gibson** (born 1859 or 1860) was a unionist politician in Northern Ireland.

Gibson studied at the Royal University of Ireland before becoming a general practitioner. He was elected to local posts in Belfast; for example, becoming a Poor Law Guardian for Ballymacarrett in 1895. He was the first commander of the 3rd East Belfast Regiment of the Ulster Volunteers, and in the early 1910s served as Honorary Secretary of the Ulster Unionist Council.

Following the death of George Clark in 1935, Gibson was selected as the Ulster Unionist Party candidate for the Senate of Northern Ireland, and he defeated Robert Dorman, his Northern Ireland Labour Party opponent, by 35 votes to 5. He was appointed as a Deputy Speaker in 1941, but resigned from the Senate the following year.

1. John F. Harbinson, *The Ulster Unionist Party, 1882-1973*, p.206
2. Ballymacarrett Poor Law Election, *Hansard*, 8 April 1895
3. Timothy Bowman, *Carson's Army: the Ulster Volunteer Force, 1910-22*, p.98
4. Constantine FitzGibbon, *Red Hand: The Ulster Colony*, p.256
5. "New Ulster Senator", *Daily Mirror*, 1 May 1935, p.7
6. The Northern Ireland Senate, 1921-72, Northern Ireland Elections

## InfoBox

| William Gibson | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Senate of Northern Ireland | |
| **In office**<br>1935-1942 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1859 or 1860 |
| Political party | Ulster Unionist |
| Education | Royal University of Ireland |
|  | |
| Military career | |
| Service/branch | Ulster Volunteers |
| Rank | Commander |
| Unit | 3rd East Belfast Regiment |
|  | |
|  | |