title: Yin Yin

abstract: Yin Yin is a Chinese former volleyball player who played for the Chinese women's national volleyball team. She won a silver medal at the 1998 FIVB World Championship in Japan.

text:
# Yin Yin

**Yin Yin** (Chinese: 殷茵; born 2 January 1974, in Zhejiang) is a Chinese former volleyball player who played for the Chinese women's national volleyball team. She won a silver medal at the 1998 FIVB World Championship in Japan.

## Clubs

## Awards

### Clubs

## InfoBox

| Yin Yin | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Yin Yin |
| Nationality | Chinese |
| Born | (1974-01-02) 2 January 1974<br>Zhejiang, China |
| Hometown | Zhejiang, China |
| Height | 1.87 m (6 ft 2 in) |
| Weight | 71 kg (157 lb) |
| Spike | 308 cm (121 in) |
| Block | 305 cm (120 in) |
| Volleyball information | |
| Position | Outside hitter |
| Number | 12 |
| National team | |
| 1994–2000  China | |
| Honours      Women's volleyball  Representing  China  World Championship  1998 Japan Team  FIVB World Cup  1995 Japan Team  FIVB World Grand Prix  1994 Shanghai   1999 Yuxi   Asian Games  1998 Bangkok Team  Asian Championship  1995 Chiang Mai   1997 Manila   1999 Hong Kong | |


title: Quebec Route 373

abstract: Route 373 is a provincial highway located in the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region in central Quebec. The 23 km (14 mi) highway stretches from just northeast of Saint-Félicien to Dolbeau-Mistassini with both ends at junctions of Route 169. It also runs through most of the length along Lac Saint-Jean.

text:
# Quebec Route 373

**Route 373** is a provincial highway located in the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region in central Quebec. The 23 km (14 mi) highway stretches from just northeast of Saint-Félicien to Dolbeau-Mistassini with both ends at junctions of Route 169. It also runs through most of the length along Lac Saint-Jean.

## Towns located along Route 373

## Major intersections

| RCM | Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Le Domaine-du-Roy | Saint-Félicien | 0 | 0.0 | R-169 Roberval, Normandin | Southern terminus |
| Maria-Chapdelaine | Dolbeau-Mistassini | 14.3 | 8.9 | R-169 (8th Avenue) Alma, Normandin | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi<br> | | | | | |

1. Ministère des transports, "Distances routières", page (?), Les Publications du Québec, 2005

## InfoBox

| Route 373 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by Transports Québec | |
| Length | 23 km (14 mi) |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | R-169 in Saint-Felicien |
| North end | R-169 in Dolbeau-Mistassini |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Quebec |
| Major cities | Dolbeau-Mistassini, Saint-Félicien |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| R-372   R-381 | |


title: HMAS Otway (S 59)

abstract: HMAS Otway was an Oberon-class submarine of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). One of the first four Oberon-class boats ordered for the RAN, Otway was built in Scotland during the mid-1960s, and commissioned into naval service in 1968. The submarine was decommissioned in 1994. The submarine's upper casing, fin, and stern are preserved at Holbrook, New South Wales.

text:
# HMAS Otway (S 59)

**HMAS *Otway* (S 59)** was an *Oberon*-class submarine of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). One of the first four *Oberon*-class boats ordered for the RAN, *Otway* was built in Scotland during the mid-1960s, and commissioned into naval service in 1968. The submarine was decommissioned in 1994. The submarine's upper casing, fin, and stern are preserved at Holbrook, New South Wales.

## Design and construction

The *Oberon* class was based heavily on the preceding *Porpoise* class of submarines, with changes made to improve the vessels' hull integrity, sensor systems, and stealth capabilities. Eight submarines were ordered for the RAN, in two batches of four. The first batch (including *Otway*) was approved in 1963, and the second batch was approved during the late 1960s, although two of these were cancelled before construction started in 1969, with the funding redirected to the Fleet Air Arm. This was the fourth time the RAN had attempted to establish a submarine branch.

The submarine was 295.2 feet (90.0 m) long, with a beam of 26.5 feet (8.1 m), and a draught of 18 feet (5.5 m) when surfaced. At full load displacement, she displaced 2,030 tons when surfaced, and 2,410 tons when submerged. The two propeller shafts were each driven by an English Electric motor providing 3,500 brake horsepower (2,600 kW) and 3,500 shaft horsepower (2,600 kW); the electricity for these was generated by two Admiralty Standard Range supercharged V16 diesel generators. The submarine could travel at up to 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) on the surface, and up to 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph) when submerged, had a maximum range of 9,000 nautical miles (17,000 km; 10,000 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph), and a test depth of 200 metres (660 ft). When launched, the boat had a company of 8 officers and 56 sailors, but by the time she decommissioned, the number of sailors had increased to 60. In addition, up to 16 trainees could be carried.

The main armament of the *Oberon*s consisted of six 21-inch (533.4 mm) torpedo tubes. The British Mark 8 torpedo was initially carried by the submarine; this was later replaced by the wire-guided Mark 23. Between 1977 and 1985, the Australian *Oberons* were upgraded to carry United States Navy Mark 48 torpedoes and UGM-84 Sub Harpoon anti-ship missiles. As of 1996, the standard payload of an Australian *Oberon* was a mix of 20 Mark 48 Mod 4 torpedoes and Sub Harpoon missiles. Some or all of the torpedo payload could be replaced by Mark 5 Stonefish sea mines, which were deployed through the torpedo tubes. On entering service, two stern-mounted, short-length 21-inch (53 cm) torpedo tubes for Mark 20 anti-submarine torpedoes. However, the development of steerable wire-guided torpedoes made the less-capable aft-firing torpedoes redundant; they were closed off, and later removed during a refit.

*Otway* was laid down by Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company at Greenock, Scotland on 29 June 1965, The submarine was launched on 29 November 1966 by Princess Marina: the first RAN submarine and second RAN vessel after the cruiser HMAS *Canberra* to be launched by a member of the Royal Family. In January 1968, RAN personnel sent to Scotland to train before the submarine was completed provided assistance to residents whose houses were destroyed in a storm. *Otway* was commissioned into the RAN on 23 April 1968.

## Operational history

*Otway* arrived in Australian waters in September 1968 after sailing from the United Kingdom via ports in Africa. During this voyage, the boat became the first RAN vessel to visit Ghana, and the first RAN submarine to round the Cape of Good Hope.

On 10 January 1969, the submarine escorted HMS *Trump*, the last submarine of the Royal Navy's Australia-based 4th Submarine Squadron out of Sydney Harbour.

During 1970, the submarine visited New Zealand and was involved in training exercises in the Indian Ocean.

In March and April 1971, *Otway* participated in SEATO Exercise Subok. On 26 August 1971, *Otway*'s fin was struck by a dummy helicopter-dropped torpedo during training exercises in Jervis Bay. There was only superficial damage to the submarine, which was quickly repaired. On 1 September, the fin was damaged again when a periscope mast was hit by a whale: repairs were completed in Sydney that day. In October, the submarine visited Brisbane for Navy Week, but was forced to sail on short notice and with only two-thirds of her personnel to locate and rescue the crew of the ketch *One and All*, which had run aground on Middleton Reef.

## Decommissioning and fate

HMAS *Otway* paid off on 17 February 1994. The submarine's fin was donated to the town of Holbrook, New South Wales, an inland community with strong ties to submarines since World War I, when the town was renamed after British submariner and Victoria Cross recipient Norman Douglas Holbrook. The community decided to tender for the purchase of the rest of the submarine, but despite fundraising efforts and a large donation from Holbrook's widow, the town did not win the tender. The submarine was sold to Sims Metal for scrapping in November 1995. Undeterred, the working group created for the tendering process instead used the money raised to buy the upper section of the casing \- everything above the waterline when surfaced - plus the submarine's tail section, from Sims Metal.

The casing was sectioned, transported down the Hume Highway on semi-trailers, then reassembled on site with the help of unemployed trainees on a work for the dole scheme. *Otway* was dedicated as a submarine memorial on 7 June 1997. The Holbrook Submarine Museum was later established nearby.

In 2013, the fin was fitted with periscopes and masts of the type fitted to *Otway* while in service.

## Citations

Media related to HMAS Otway (S 59) at Wikimedia Commons

35°43′06″S 147°19′01″E / 35.71824°S 147.316977°E / -35.71824; 147.316977

## InfoBox

| The casing and fin of HMAS *Otway*, at Holbrook, New South Wales | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Australia | |
| Builder | Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company |
| Laid down | 29 June 1965 |
| Launched | 29 November 1966 |
| Commissioned | 23 April 1968 |
| Decommissioned | 17 February 1994 |
| Fate | Monument at Holbrook, NSW |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *Oberon*-class submarine |
| Displacement | * 1,610 tons standard * 2,030 tons surfaced * 2,410 tons submerged |
| Length | 295.2 ft (90.0 m) |
| Beam | 26.5 ft (8.1 m) |
| Draught | 18 ft (5.5 m) |
| Propulsion | * 2 × Admiralty Standard Range supercharged V16 diesel generators * 2 × English Electric motors * 3,500 bhp (2,600 kW) 4,500 shp (3,400 kW) * 2 shafts |
| Speed | * 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) surfaced * 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph) submerged * 11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph) at snorkel depth |
| Range | 9,000 nautical miles (17,000 km; 10,000 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) |
| Test depth | 200 metres (660 ft) |
| Complement | * **As launched:** * 8 officers, 56 sailors * **At decommissioning:** * 8 officers, 60 sailors |
| Sensors and <br>processing systems | * **Sonar:** * Atlas Elektronik Type CSU3-41 bow array * BAC Type 2007 flank array * Sperry BQG-4 Micropuffs rangefinding array * **Radar:** * Kelvin Hughes Type 1006 |
| Armament | * **Torpedo tubes:** * 6 × 21-inch (53 cm) bow tubes * 2 × short-length 21-inch (53 cm) stern tubes (later removed) * **1996 payload:** Mix of 20: * Mark 48 Mod 4 torpedoes * UGM-84 Sub Harpoon missiles |


title: Melissa Newman

abstract: Melissa Stewart Newman, also known as Lissy Newman, is an American artist, singer and former actress who appeared in the 1990 film Mr. & Mrs. Bridge, and at the 30th Annual Primetime Emmy Awards.

text:
# Melissa Newman

**Melissa Stewart Newman** (born September 27, 1961), also known as **Lissy Newman**, is an American artist, singer and former actress who appeared in the 1990 film *Mr. & Mrs. Bridge*, and at the 30th Annual Primetime Emmy Awards.

## Career

On the big screen at 7 years of age, her first appearance was in *Rachel, Rachel* (1968) during the classroom scene, which is not credited. A year later, she appears in *Sometimes a Great Notion* (1970), as Lissy Stamper, the daughter of Joe Ben (Richard Jaeckel) and Jan (Linda Lawson). In *Mr. & Mrs. Bridge* (1990), she has a cameo as Young India at the Pool, appearing in silent home movies (at the beginning and end of the film) as a flashback of Mrs. India Bridge, who was portrayed by Newman's mother, Joanne Woodward.

On television, she had a supporting role as Laney, the teenage daughter of the protagonist Betty Quinn (Joanne Woodward), in the 1978 movie *See How She Runs*.

## Personal life

Melissa Newman was born in Hollywood, California, the daughter of American actors Joanne Woodward and Paul Newman, and the sister of Elinor Newman (as a child actress also known as Nell Potts) and Clea (Claire) Newman. She was born on the same day her parents' film *Paris Blues* was released in the U.S.

She grew up shuttling back and forth with her well-known actor parents between Westport, Connecticut and Hollywood. She graduated from Sarah Lawrence College in 1988.

Newman is married to Raphael "Raphe" Elkind, a middle-school teacher and they have 2 children. They reside in Westport, Connecticut, in the 19th-century home previously owned by her parents.

In 2023, Newman published a book of personal photos and letters of her parents' relationship spanning over decades entitled "Head Over Heels: Joanne Woodward and Paul Newman: A Love Affair in Words and Pictures" that included never before seen love letters and rare photos by acclaimed artists such as Richard Avedon and Stewart Stern.

## Filmography

### As herself

## InfoBox

| Melissa Newman | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Melissa Stewart Newman
(1961-09-27) September 27, 1961
Hollywood, California, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation(s) | Artist, singer |
| Years active | 1969–1990 |
| Spouse | Raphael Elkind |
| Children | 2 |
| Parent(s) | Paul Newman
Joanne Woodward |
| Relatives | Nell Newman (sister)
Scott Newman (half-brother) |


title: Will Straw

abstract: William David John Straw CBE works in the charitable sector. He worked as a civil servant, founded the political blog Left Foot Forward, was an associate director of the think-tank Institute for Public Policy Research, specialising in climate change, energy and transport, and was chief operating officer of Clearly, a charity in the eye care sector. He now works as the chief executive officer of The King's Trust International. In the lead up to 2016's referendum on European Union membership, he was the executive director of Britain Stronger in Europe, the all-party umbrella organisation that unsuccessfully campaigned for the United Kingdom to remain a member of the European Union.

text:
# Will Straw

**William David John Straw** CBE (born 1980) works in the charitable sector. He worked as a civil servant, founded the political blog *Left Foot Forward,* was an associate director of the think-tank Institute for Public Policy Research, specialising in climate change, energy and transport, and was chief operating officer of Clearly, a charity in the eye care sector. He now works as the chief executive officer of The King's Trust International.

In the lead up to 2016's referendum on European Union membership, he was the executive director of Britain Stronger in Europe, the all-party umbrella organisation that unsuccessfully campaigned for the United Kingdom to remain a member of the European Union.

## Early life and education

Straw was born in Lambeth, London in 1980. His parents are Alice Perkins and Jack Straw. He attended the comprehensive Pimlico School. In January 1998, aged 17, he was caught trying to sell £10 of cannabis, after a friend was paid £2,000 by the *Daily Mirror* to introduce him to an undercover reporter posing as an acquaintance. The story caused some embarrassment for his father, who was Home Secretary at the time, both for his opposition to legalising cannabis and his stance on parents taking responsibility for the poor behaviour or criminality of their children.

He went to Oxford University where he studied Politics, philosophy and economics (PPE) and was elected President of the Junior Common Room of New College and the Oxford University Student Union in 2001. In 2001, he and several other OUSU campaigners protested against tuition fees on the steps of Oxford's Bodleian Library by throwing off most of their clothes to reveal gold-painted torsos. After Oxford, he studied for a master's degree in public administration as a Fulbright Scholar at Columbia University.

## Policy research and journalism

Straw worked for four years as an adviser on enterprise and growth issues, in HM Treasury under Gordon Brown. In 2009, he founded the political blog *Left Foot Forward*, which was set up professionally as a counter to right wing media in the United Kingdom, and was sponsored by a variety of individuals and institutions, including Peter Kellner, Patrick Carter and the unions Connect and Unite.

The blog grew to have about forty writers; Straw left it in 2010 to join the Institute for Public Policy Research.

## Political ambitions

In 2004, Straw became governor of Henry Fawcett Primary School in Kennington, which he had attended as a child. He moved to the US in 2007 but his name was not taken off the official register. In 2009, Straw was one of twelve governors removed by Lambeth Council amid concerns over financial management and poor teaching at the school. His retention on the list of governors was criticised at the time and it was suggested he was retained for his "high-profile name".

Straw was the parliamentary candidate for the Labour Party, for the constituency of Rossendale and Darwen in the 2015 general election, the neighbouring constituency to his father’s Blackburn, but lost to the Conservative incumbent Jake Berry. Straw was one of 15 Labour candidates each given financial support of £10,000 by Lord Oakeshott the former Liberal Democrat in January 2015.

In April 2014, he posed with a local folk-dancing troupe, the Britannia Coconut Dancers. This generated some controversy, because of their use of blackface makeup, which Straw defended as a traditional custom linked to the coal mining heritage of the area.

Straw has been criticised for being a 'Red Prince', which refers to the son of a Labour politician who goes into politics. The *New Statesman* suggested that this nepotism allows them better access to educational, employment and political opportunities.

Straw was the executive director of Britain Stronger in Europe, the group that campaigned for the United Kingdom to remain in the European Union, ahead of the 2016 referendum. He was awarded a CBE in outgoing Prime Minister David Cameron's controversial resignation honours in 2016. He stated that he had accepted the award in order to take his wife to Buckingham Palace and "as something to remember the hard work that I and others put into the campaign".

## Personal life

Straw lives in Clapham, London. He is married to Claire Straw (née Howard), an American, with whom he has two sons, Matthew, born in 2013, and Samuel, born in 2016.

## InfoBox

| Will Straw | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | William David John Straw
1980 (age 4344)
Lambeth, London, England |
| Alma mater | New College, Oxford
Columbia University |
| Political party | Labour |
| Spouse | Claire Howard |
| Children | 2 |
| Parents |  |


title: Mencué

abstract: Mencué is a village and municipality in Río Negro Province in Argentina.

text:
# Mencué

**Mencué** is a village and municipality in Río Negro Province in Argentina.

40°25′S 69°38′W / 40.417°S 69.633°W / -40.417; -69.633

## InfoBox

| Mencué | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality and village | |
| Country | Argentina |
| Province | Río Negro Province |
| Department | El Cuy Department |
| Time zone | UTC−3 (ART) |
| Climate | BSk |


title: Feicheng Acid Chemicals

abstract: Feicheng Acid Chemicals is a chemical company based in Feicheng, Shandong, China. The company was founded in 1994, with registered capital RMB 52.2 million. It is one of Chinese top 500 chemical industry enterprises and has established a "Postdoctoral Research Station" of national class and provincial "New Product Exploiting Center". It is the largest producer of formic acid outside Europe, owning over 10% of the world production capacity..

text:
# Feicheng Acid Chemicals

**Feicheng Acid Chemicals** (Chinese: 肥城阿斯德化工有限公司) is a chemical company based in Feicheng, Shandong, China.

The company was founded in 1994, with registered capital RMB 52.2 million. It is one of Chinese top 500 chemical industry enterprises and has established a "Postdoctoral Research Station" of national class and provincial "New Product Exploiting Center".

It is the largest producer of formic acid (100,000 metric tonnes per annum) outside Europe, owning over 10% of the world production capacity. (Formic acid is used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed).

## Products

The main products of Feicheng Acid Chemicals are:

| Compound | Productions capacity
(tonnes/annum) | % of worldwide capacity |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Formic acid | 100 | 14% (2009) |
| Methanol | 50 | 0.006% |
| Methylamine | 15 | 1% |
| Calcium formate | 10 |  |
| Methyl formate | 5 |  |
| Formamide | 5 |  |
| Potassium methoxide | 4 |  |
| Ammonium formate | 2 |  |
| Carbon monoxide | 200 000 m3/annum |  |

## InfoBox

Feicheng Acid Chemicals Co., Ltd.
肥城阿斯德化工有限公司
|
|  |
| Industry | Chemicals |
| Founded | 1994 |
| Headquarters | Feicheng, Shandong, People's Republic of China |
| Key people | Sun Baoyuan (President) |
| Products | Mainly formic acid and its derivatives |
| Website | Feicheng Acid Chemicals |


title: Otto Peltzer

abstract: Otto Paul Eberhard Peltzer was a German middle distance runner who set world records in the 1920s. Over the 800 m Peltzer improved Ted Meredith's long-standing record by 0.3 seconds to 1:51.6 min in London in July 1926. Over the 1000 m he set a world record of 2:25.8 in Paris in July 1927, and over 1500 m Peltzer broke Paavo Nurmi's world record (3:52.6) and set a new one at 3:51.0 in Berlin in September 1926. Peltzer was the only athlete to have held the 800 m and the 1500 m world records simultaneously, until Sebastian Coe matched the feat over fifty years later.

text:
# Otto Peltzer

**Otto Paul Eberhard Peltzer** (8 March 1900 – 11 August 1970) was a German middle distance runner who set world records in the 1920s. Over the 800 m Peltzer improved Ted Meredith's long-standing record by 0.3 seconds to 1:51.6 min in London in July 1926. Over the 1000 m he set a world record of 2:25.8 in Paris in July 1927, and over 1500 m Peltzer broke Paavo Nurmi's world record (3:52.6) and set a new one at 3:51.0 in Berlin in September 1926. Peltzer was the only athlete to have held the 800 m and the 1500 m world records simultaneously, until Sebastian Coe matched the feat over fifty years later.

## Biography

Born in Ellernbrook-Drage in Holstein, Peltzer overcame childhood ill-health to become a successful athlete, winning his first German championship at age twenty-two. He started university in Munich in 1918, joining the TSV 1860 club, where he was nicknamed "Otto der Seltsame" (Otto the Strange). He continued in Munich, receiving his doctorate in 1925. In 1926 he was one of a group of German athletes invited to the AAA Championships at Stamford Bridge stadium in London, where he won the 800 m, beating Britain's Douglas Lowe, who had won the event at the 1924 Olympic Games which, along with the 1920 Games, Germany had been barred from entering. In 1926, a specially arranged 1500 m race between Peltzer, Paavo Nurmi of Finland, Edvin Wide of Sweden and Herbert Bocher of Germany took place in Berlin which was won by Peltzer in a new world record time.

Shortly before the 1928 Olympic Games in Amsterdam, to which German athletes were again allowed to enter with Peltzer elected as team leader, Peltzer was injured in an accident while playing handball. Although he recovered enough to take part in the 800 m heats, he failed to qualify for the final. In 1932 he was team captain, but poor arrangements left the German team trying to run with spiked shoes on the hard Olympic track. Peltzer made the final, but did not finish.

Peltzer was often persecuted for his homosexuality. In 1933 he joined the Nazi Party and the SS. However, in June 1935 he was sentenced to 18 months imprisonment for 'homosexual offences with youths'. He was released early on condition that he would end his involvement in sport, but was rearrested in 1937. After spending time in Denmark, Finland (where he slept rough and contracted bronchitis) and Sweden, he returned to Germany in 1941 having been assured that the charges against him would be dropped. However, he was arrested and sent to KZ Mauthausen, where he remained until the camp was liberated on 5 May 1945.

With homosexuality remaining a criminal offence in 1950s Germany, and Peltzer in conflict with the German Athletic Association (DLV) and Carl Diem, Peltzer's opportunities to coach athletics were limited in Germany. He obtained a commission from a German newspaper to report on the Melbourne Olympics, and after the Games tried unsuccessfully to get work with various national athletics organisations. He eventually came to India, coaching in the national athletics stadium in New Delhi, and founded the Olympic Youth Delhi club, later renamed the Otto Peltzer Memorial Athletic Club in his honour.

Following a heart attack in 1967, Peltzer was persuaded to return to Germany, and was treated in hospital in Holstein. After attending an athletics meeting in Eutin, Schleswig-Holstein, Peltzer collapsed and was found dead on a path towards the car park.

In 2000 the DLV established the Otto Peltzer Medal given to outstanding athletes.

## InfoBox

Otto Peltzer
| Peltzer in 1928 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | 8 March 1900
Drage, Steinburg, Province of Schleswig-Holstein, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire |
| Died | 11 August 1970 (aged 70)
Eutin, Schleswig-Holstein, West Germany |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Athletics |
| Event(s) | 200–1500 m, hurdles |
| Achievements and titles | |
| Personal best(s) | 200 m – 22.1 (1925)
400 m – 48.8 (1925)
800 m – 1:50.9 (1926)
1500 m – 3:51.0 (1926)
400 mH – 54.8 (1927) |


title: Gustavia fosteri

abstract: Gustavia fosteri, one of several plants in the genus Gustavia known by the Spanish common name membrillo, is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only on Barro Colorado Island in Panama. It is threatened by habitat loss. Gustavia fosteri is distinguished from the more abundant Gustavia superba by several features, including smaller leaves; mostly terminal inflorescences; a calyx comprising four lobes whilst that of Gustavia superba is entire; petals coloured pink throughout rather than white flushed pink; white rather than orange mesocarp "flesh" in the fruit.

text:
# Gustavia fosteri

***Gustavia fosteri***, one of several plants in the genus *Gustavia* known by the Spanish common name **membrillo**, is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only on Barro Colorado Island in Panama. It is threatened by habitat loss.

*Gustavia fosteri* is distinguished from the more abundant *Gustavia superba* by several features, including smaller leaves; mostly terminal inflorescences; a calyx comprising four lobes whilst that of *Gustavia superba* is entire; petals coloured pink throughout rather than white flushed pink; white rather than orange mesocarp "flesh" in the fruit.

## InfoBox

| *Gustavia fosteri* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Lecythidaceae |
| Genus: | *Gustavia* |
| Species: | ***G. fosteri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Gustavia fosteri***
Mori | |
|


title: Adrián Balboa

abstract: Adrián Martín Balboa Camacho is a Uruguayan footballer who plays as a striker for Argentine club Unión Santa Fe.

text:
# Adrián Balboa

**Adrián Martín Balboa Camacho** (born 19 January 1994) is a Uruguayan footballer who plays as a striker for Argentine club Unión Santa Fe.

## Career

Born in Montevideo, Balboa came from the youth divisions of Club Sportivo Cerrito, made his professional debut in the 0–1 loss against Villa Teresa on 24 November 2012. He scored his first goal for Cerrito in the Derby against Rentistas on 15 December 2012, it was the final goal in the 88 minute which lead the team win the match.

Balboa after a wonderful season with Cerrito playing 20 games and scoring 6 goals, he brought the attention of various European clubs being interested on him. The young attacker went to Greece, to be tested by Panathinaikos and after a week he signed a one-year loan with the club.

On 5 December, Balboa made his debut for Panathinaikos coming on as a sub in the 3–0 win against Iraklis Psachna.

In 2014, he returned to Uruguay to play for Danubio. He played in two other Uruguayan teams, Liverpool and Villa Teresa before moving to Argentina to join Sarmiento. After being relegated to Primera B Nacional on 2016-17 season, he joined Patronato.

## Career statistics

*As of 1 February 2018*

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
| Club | Season | League | | | Cup | | Other | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Panathinaikos | 2013–14 | Superleague Greece | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Danubio | 2014–15 | Uruguayan Primera División | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 1 |
| Liverpool | 2015–16 | Uruguayan Primera División | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 |
| Villa Teresa (loan) | 2015–16 | Uruguayan Primera División | 15 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 6 |
| Sarmiento (loan) | 2016–17 | Argentine Primera División | 19 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 4 |
| Patronato | 2017–18 | Argentine Primera División | 11 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 3 |
| Career totals | | | 62 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 63 | 15 |

## Honours

Panathinaikos Alianza Lima Defensor Sporting   1. "Cerrito 0 Villa Teresa 1" (in Spanish). elascenso.com. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
2. "CERRITO GANÓ EN EL ÚLTIMO ROUND" (in Spanish). Tenfield. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
3. "De Cerrito al Panathinaikos" (in Spanish). cambiodefrente.com. Archived from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
4. "Panathinaikos 3-0 Iraklis Psahnon" (in Greek). pao.gr. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
5. Adrián Balboa at Soccerway. Retrieved 1 February 2018.

## InfoBox

Adrián Balboa
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Adrián Martín Balboa Camacho | | |
| Date of birth | (1994-01-19) 19 January 1994 | | |
| Place of birth | Montevideo, Uruguay | | |
| Height | 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Striker | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Unión Santa Fe | | |
| Number | 77 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| –2012 | Cerrito | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2012–2014 | Cerrito | 18 | (6) |
| 2013–2014 | Panathinaikos (loan) | 0 | (0) |
| 2014–2015 | Danubio | 11 | (1) |
| 2015–2017 | Liverpool | 6 | (1) |
| 2015–2016 | Villa Teresa (loan) | 15 | (6) |
| 2016–2017 | Sarmiento (loan) | 19 | (4) |
| 2017–2018 | Patronato | 24 | (5) |
| 2018–2023 | Belgrano | 41 | (8) |
| 2019 | Deportes Antofagasta (loan) | 13 | (3) |
| 2019–2020 | Alianza Lima (loan) | 24 | (5) |
| 2020–2021 | Racing Santander (loan) | 11 | (1) |
| 2022 | Defensor Sporting (loan) | 34 | (10) |
| 2023 | Defensor Sporting | 20 | (8) |
| 2023 | Deportivo Pereira | 12 | (4) |
| 2024– | Unión Santa Fe | 13 | (3) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 21:01, 13 September 2023 (UTC) | | | |


title: Yitzchak Breitowitz

abstract: Yitzchak (Irving) Breitowitz is an American-born Orthodox rabbi, lecturer and rabbinic authority. He is the Rabbi Emeritus of Woodside Synagogue Ahavas Torah, and the Rav of Kehillas Ohr Somayach, and lecturer at Ohr Somayach in Jerusalem.

text:
# Yitzchak Breitowitz

**Yitzchak (Irving) Breitowitz** is an American-born Orthodox rabbi, lecturer and rabbinic authority. He is the Rabbi Emeritus of Woodside Synagogue Ahavas Torah, and the Rav of Kehillas Ohr Somayach, and lecturer at Ohr Somayach in Jerusalem.

## Family background

Rabbi Breitowitz was born in April 1954 in New York, to David (July 15, 1918 - August 22, 2003) and Chaya Esther Tzipora (Helen) Breitowitz (Rakoszynski) (March 31, 1921 - March 4, 2014). Both were Holocaust survivors.

## Early life and education

Breitowitz grew up in the Greater Hartford, Connecticut area, where he attended Yeshiva of Hartford. Later he attended Ner Israel Yeshiva in Baltimore, MD. During his time in Ner Israel, Rabbi Breitowitz became a close disciple of the Rosh Yeshiva Rabbi Yitzchak Ruderman, and future head of yeshiva, Rabbis Yaakov Weinberg, and Yaakov Moshe Kulefsky. He received his bachelor of Arts from Johns Hopkins University and his Juris Doctor at Harvard Law School in 1979, where he graduated magna cum laude. In 1979 he obtained rabbinic ordination from Ner Israel Rabbinical College.

## Career

After graduating, Rabbi Breitowitz worked in private practice in Chicago where he also served as law clerk for Susan Getzendanner of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois and taught at the Chicago-Kent College of Law and at the University of Illinois.

Rabbi Breitowitz returned to Baltimore in 1983, where he joined the faculty of the University of Maryland School of Law, as an associate professor of law, specializing in bankruptcy, commercial law and bioethics. In 2001 Rabbi Breitowitz was awarded as "Outstanding Teacher of the Year" by the Maryland University.

In 1988 Rabbi Breitowitz became the Rabbi of the Woodside Synagogue Ahavas Torah in Silver Spring, Maryland where he served for 22 years. In Baltimore he lectured regularly to the larger Washington community at the Board of Jewish Education, the Edlavitch Jewish Community Center of Washington, D.C., the UJA-Federation and other venues and also taught at the Girls’ Division of the Yeshiva High School.

In April 2010 Rabbi Breitowitz moved to Israel where he became a senior lecturer in Ohr Somayach Yeshiva in Jerusalem and the Rabbi of Kehillas Ohr Somayach. He is also a lecturer at Yiboneh a member of the faculty at the Tikvah Fund, as well as many other yeshivas and seminaries around Jerusalem, including the Mayanot Institute of Jewish Studies, a women's learning program where he teaches an overview of Jewish law.

## Written work and lectures

Rabbi Breitowitz has lectured on medical, business, and family ethics. He has written and published on the interface of Halacha (Jewish law) and contemporary society with a special interest and expertise in medical, family, business, and legal ethics. His articles discuss topics such as stem cell research, cloning, organ donation, land for peace, and the Jewish perspectives on war and gun control. He has also written many basic source books on Jewish values for NCSY, an organization that does Jewish outreach to teenagers. He also delivers a weekly Q&A session which is popular among many segments of Orthodox Judaism.

## Personal life

Rabbi Breitowitz is married to Sally Naiman. They have one son.

## Published articles

* "Between Civil and Religious Law: The Plight of the Agunah in American Society" (Praeger, July 20, 1993, ISSN 0147-1074, ISBN 978-0-313-28471-7)
* "A Study of the Maryland Bar Exam" (January 1, 1988 Baltimore, Md.)
* "Halakhic Approaches to the Resolution of Disputes Concerning the Disposition of Preembryos" (Vol. 31, No. 1, Halakhic Medical Issues (Fall 1996), pp. 64–91 Published By: Rabbinical Council of America (RCA). Published in Jewish Law and New Reproductive Technologies, Edited by Emanuel Feldman and Joel B. Wolowelsky. Hoboken, NJ, KTAV Pub. House, 1997. p. 155-186.)
* "New Developments in Consumer Bankruptcies: Chapter 7 Dismissal on the Basis of "Substantial Abuse"" (First Installment, Published in American Bankruptcy Law Journal, v. 59, no. 4, fall 1985, p. 327-355. (Second Installment, Published in American Bankruptcy Law Journal, v. 60, no. 1, winter 1986, p. 33-68.)
* "Article 9 Security Interests as Voidable Preferences" (Published in Cardozo Law Review, v. 3, no. 3, spring 1982, p. 357-429. Part 2 of this paper - The Floating Lien - is published in Cardozo Law Review, v. 4, no. 1, fall 1982.
* "The Brain Death Controversy in Jewish Law" (Published in the Jewish Action Reader, v. 1, 1996, p. 120-133. Reprinted with permission, 2006.)

## InfoBox

| RabbiYitzchak Breitowitz | |
| --- | --- |
| Breitowitz speaking at Ohr Somayach in 2023 | |
| Personal | |
| Born | Irving Breitowitz
1954 (age 6970)
New York |
| Religion | Judaism |
| Alma mater | Harvard Law School |
|  | |
| Yeshiva | Ner Yisrael, Ohr Somayach |
|  | |


title: Queichheim

abstract: Queichheim is a quarter of Landau in der Pfalz in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Queichheim, with about 3,100 inhabitants as of 2004, is located east of the railroad line from Karlsruhe to Neustadt, south of the Queich River, and it borders on the inner city.

text:
# Queichheim

**Queichheim** is a quarter of Landau in der Pfalz in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Queichheim, with about 3,100 inhabitants as of 2004, is located east of the railroad line from Karlsruhe to Neustadt, south of the Queich River, and it borders on the inner city.

## History

Queichheim was presumably founded by a Frank named *Cogich*, *Cogin* or *Cogo*, since old manuscripts from the abbey at Weißenburg from the 7th century always mention Cogichheim or Cogisheim. It is almost certain that they refer to today's Queichheim.

Stone coffins found during excavation for today's Evangelical church in 1769 indicate that the area was settled in the time of the Merovingians (7th to 8th century). Later, the name mentioned above, which had no significance to the inhabitants, was changed to Queichheim (village on the Queich).

The oldest documents record the gift of the *Daumühlen* near Queichheim from the Bishop Guntram of Speyer to the monastery of Hördt. One hundred years later, Diether von Queichheim had a castle in the village. Until 1274, the developing town of Landau belonged to the parish of Queichheim. Since 1937, Queichheim and Mörlheim together have been a quarter of Landau.

As of the beginning of 2004, Queichheim had about 3,100 inhabitants.

## Politics

The quarter's chairman (as of 2004) is Jürgen Doll (CDU).

49°11′50″N 8°08′23″E / 49.19722°N 8.13972°E / 49.19722; 8.13972


title: Merita Breads

abstract: Merita is a brand of breads that was produced by Hostess Brands and now produced by Flowers Foods, available throughout the Southeastern United States until November 16, 2012, when Hostess's management decided to liquidate Hostess. The company gave as their reason for this action that they had been crippled by a strike by BCTGM, the bakers' union. Union spokespersons attributed the company's situation to poor management over a long period of years. On January 11, 2013, Flowers Foods purchased the brand from Hostess.

text:
# Merita Breads

**Merita** is a brand of breads that was produced by Hostess Brands and now produced by Flowers Foods, available throughout the Southeastern United States until November 16, 2012, when Hostess's management decided to liquidate Hostess. The company gave as their reason for this action that they had been crippled by a strike by BCTGM, the bakers' union. Union spokespersons attributed the company's situation to poor management over a long period of years.

On January 11, 2013, Flowers Foods purchased the brand from Hostess.

## Origins

William Fisch and Herman Malchow, who for three years had been operating a lunchroom in Birmingham, Alabama, established the Highland Bakery, which began producing breads in 1901. Starting with a single horse-and-wagon route and one retail bakeshop, the business grew and flourished. Legend has it that in the company's early years, an award known as the MERIT-A award, signifying highest merit, was conferred on some bakery products. This company consistently won the award and displayed the symbol “MERIT-A” on the packages. By mistake, a printer left out the hyphen and thus the name MERITA was born.

In 1910, Highland Baking Company merged with the Martin Cracker and Candy Company and the Huston Biscuit Company to form American Bakeries Candy Company. In 1912 candy production was halted, and the company was incorporated as American Bakeries Company, Inc.

Merita set up its first “bakery research laboratory” in 1921 to guard the purity and quality of its raw materials all the way through to finished products.

The Merita division of American Bakeries was purchased by Interstate Bakeries Corporation (later Hostess Brands, Inc.) in 1988. After the closure and liquidation of Hostess Brands in late 2012, Merita was sold to Flowers Foods for $390 million, in a deal that also included other Hostess bread brands such as Wonder Bread, Nature's Pride, Home Pride and Butternut.

## Marketing

In 1938 Merita brought The Lone Ranger radio adventures to the South for the first time. Broadcasts were three times a week for a half-hour on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. Additionally, in 1949, Merita becoming the first advertiser in the South to sponsor a network television program when it sponsored The Lone Ranger television show.

Muppets, Inc. produced six 10-second commercials for Merita Bread in 1963 for markets in the southern US. The ads featured Wilkins and Wontkins, who were previously best known as the spokescharacters for the Washington, D.C. based coffee company Wilkins Coffee.

In November 2010, Merita became the "official bread" of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and all SEC Championship events through June 2013.


title: Widlino, Kartuzy County

abstract: Widlino is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żukowo, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south-east of Żukowo, 17 km (11 mi) east of Kartuzy, and 15 km (9 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk. For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

text:
# Widlino, Kartuzy County

**Widlino** \[viˈdlinɔ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żukowo, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south-east of Żukowo, 17 km (11 mi) east of Kartuzy, and 15 km (9 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

## InfoBox

| Widlino | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Widlino | |
| Coordinates: 54°18′3″N 18°26′41″E / 54.30083°N 18.44472°E / 54.30083; 18.44472 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Pomeranian |
| County | Kartuzy |
| Gmina | Żukowo |
| Population | 190 |


title: Mersin Archaeological Museum

abstract: Mersin Archaeological Museum is a museum in Mersin, Turkey

text:
# Mersin Archaeological Museum

**Mersin Archaeological Museum** is a museum in Mersin, Turkey

## Location

The museum is at 36°46′53″N 34°36′05″E / 36.78139°N 34.60139°E / 36.78139; 34.60139 to the east of Mersin Naval Museum, to the south of Muğdat Mosque and to the north of Adnan Menderes Boulevard. Its total land area , including the yard is 7,470 square metres (80,400 sq ft). It is a two storey building. In addition to exhibit halls there is a library, a conference room, a children's play room and a market in the museum.

## History

Mersin Province has many ancient sites. Yumuktepe and Soli in Mersin city and Gözlükule in Tarsus are among these. But prior to the foundation Mersin Museum, the findings were exhibited in other museums. Mersin Museum was founded in 1978. Its former location was in Mersin Halkevi Building. However the exhibition hall of the former museum building was insufficient for the Mersin-area-archaeological items and the new building was constructed. It was opened on 18 May 2017.

## Exhibits

The visitors enter a time tunnel, in which various stages in paleolithic, neolithic, chalcolithic, bronze and iron ages are displayed in chronological order. Then there are replicas (diorama) of neolithic dwellings, ancient olive presses and a pool of amphoras. In the upper floor, findings from Yumuktepe, Soli, Elaiussa Sebaste and many other places are exhibited. Some items are exhibited in showcases. There is also a Hellenistic inscription from Bozyazı, i.e., ancient Nagidos and various statues as well as column headings. In ethnography section, exhibits about later-era-Yörüks (nomadic Turkmens) and the replica of a *hug*, a primitive dwelling found close to Yumuktepe are exhibited. The total number of exhibits is 1435.

## InfoBox

Mersin Archaeological Museum
| Mersin Arkeoloji Müzesi | |
| --- | --- |
| Mersin Archaeological Museum | |
| Mersin Archaeology Museum | |
| Established | 2017 (2017) |
| Location | Adnan Menderes Boulevard No.54, Yenişehir, Mersin Turkey |
| Coordinates | 36°46′53″N 34°36′05″E / 36.78139°N 34.60139°E / 36.78139; 34.60139 |
| Type | Archaeology, Ethnography |
| Collections | Deep history, Hellenistic period, Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire, Ottoman Empire |
| Owner | Ministry of Culture and Tourism |
| Website | Mersin Archaeological Museum |


title: Feia Lacus

abstract:
Feia Lacus is one of a number of hydrocarbon seas and lakes found on Saturn's largest moon, Titan. It was named in 2007 on the basis of data taken by the space probe Cassini.
The lake is located at latitude 73.7°N and longitude 64.41° W on Titan's globe, and is composed of liquid methane and ethane. At 47 km in length it is moderately sized. It is named after Lagoa Feia in Brazil.

text:
# Feia Lacus

**Feia Lacus** is one of a number of hydrocarbon seas and lakes found on Saturn's largest moon, Titan. It was named in 2007 on the basis of data taken by the space probe *Cassini*.

The lake is located at latitude 73.7° and longitude 64.41°  on Titan's globe, and is composed of liquid methane and ethane. At 47 km in length it is moderately sized. It is named after Lagoa Feia in Brazil.

1. The USGS web site gives the size as a "diameter", but it is actually the length in the longest dimension.

## InfoBox

Feia Lacus
| *Cassini* synthetic aperture radar image of Feia Lacus, a hydrocarbon lake on Titan with several large peninsulas. | |
| --- | --- |
| Feature type | Lacus |
| Coordinates | 73°42′N 64°24′W / 73.7°N 64.4°W / 73.7; -64.4 |
| Diameter | 47 km |
| Eponym | Lagoa Feia |


title: Outline of Massachusetts

abstract: The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the U.S. Commonwealth of Massachusetts: Massachusetts – U.S. state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. Approximately two-thirds of the state's population lives in Greater Boston, most of which is either urban or suburban. In the late 18th century, Boston became known as the "Cradle of Liberty" for the agitation there that led to the American Revolution and the independence of the United States from Great Britain. Massachusetts is also home to Harvard University, the oldest institution of higher learning in the U.S., founded in 1636.

text:
# Outline of Massachusetts

The Flag of the Commonwealth of MassachusettsThe Great Seal of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the U.S. Commonwealth of Massachusetts:

**Massachusetts**  U.S. state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. Approximately two-thirds of the state's population lives in Greater Boston, most of which is either urban or suburban. In the late 18th century, Boston became known as the "Cradle of Liberty" for the agitation there that led to the American Revolution and the independence of the United States from Great Britain. Massachusetts is also home to Harvard University, the oldest institution of higher learning in the U.S., founded in 1636.

## General reference

## Geography of Massachusetts

Geography of Massachusetts

### Places in Massachusetts

### Environment of Massachusetts

#### Natural geographic features of Massachusetts

### Regions of Massachusetts

#### Administrative divisions of Massachusetts

### Demography of Massachusetts

Demographics of Massachusetts

## Government and politics of Massachusetts

Politics of Massachusetts

### Branches of the government of Massachusetts

Government of Massachusetts

#### Executive branch of the government of Massachusetts

#### Legislative branch of the government of Massachusetts

#### Judicial branch of the government of Massachusetts

Judiciary of Massachusetts

### Law and order in Massachusetts

Law of Massachusetts

### Military in Massachusetts

### Local government in Massachusetts

Local government in Massachusetts

## History of Massachusetts

History of Massachusetts

### History of Massachusetts, by period

### History of Massachusetts, by region

### History of Massachusetts, by subject

## Culture of Massachusetts

Culture of Massachusetts

### The arts in Massachusetts

### Sports in Massachusetts

Sports in Massachusetts

## Economy and infrastructure of Massachusetts

Economy of Massachusetts

## Education in Massachusetts

Education in Massachusetts

Wikimedia Atlas of Massachusetts


title: Guo Xiaojun

abstract: Guo Xiaojun is a Chinese university lecturer and practitioner of Falun Gong who has twice been imprisoned by the government of the People's Republic of China on charges of "using a heretical organization to subvert the law". Amnesty International considers him a prisoner of conscience.

text:
# Guo Xiaojun

**Guo Xiaojun** (Chinese: 郭小军; pinyin: *Guō Xiǎojūn*) is a Chinese university lecturer and practitioner of Falun Gong who has twice been imprisoned by the government of the People's Republic of China on charges of "using a heretical organization to subvert the law". Amnesty International considers him a prisoner of conscience.

## First arrest

At the time of his first arrest, Guo worked as a lecturer at Shanghai Jiao Tong University in Shanghai, in the Department of Electronics and Information Science. In 2001, he was arrested by the Chinese government for distributing Falun Gong literature, following the 1999 ban on the religion by the Chinese government. He was imprisoned in a labor camp until 2004.

## Second arrest

On 7 January 2010, Guo was arrested without a warrant at his home in Shanghai by eight plainclothes police officers. According to Guo's wife Xu Wenxin, one officer shoved Guo to the ground, cutting his head. His home was searched, and his cell phone, laptop computer, books, and other items were confiscated by the arresting officers. He was then taken to the Shanghai Baoshan District Detention Center. On 18 January, Guo's interrogation began. He alleges that he was deprived of sleep and food, and that his interrogators threatened to arrest Xu Wenxin, who is also a Falun Gong practitioner, unless Guo signed a confession. Guo signed a statement agreeing that he was guilty of the charge of using a heretical organization to subvert the law.

In the course of Guo's legal case, his family hired five successive lawyers, each of which withdrew following alleged government pressure. One lawyer reported that he was told by the Beijing Judicial Bureau that he would be disbarred if he chose to defend Guo. On 7 July 2010, Guo was convicted on the basis of his confession and sentenced to four years' imprisonment; because his current lawyer was not informed by authorities of the date of the hearing, Guo had no legal representation at his trial. Guo stated after the verdict that he wished to retract his confession, reiterating his claim that it was obtained through torture, but the judge prevented him from finishing his statement.

In March 2011, Amnesty International reported that Guo was suffering from a "serious eye condition" for which prison authorities were denying him treatment.

## International reaction

Amnesty International designated Guo Xiaojun a "prisoner of conscience", "imprisoned solely because of his beliefs", and launched multiple international letter-writing campaigns on his behalf. The US State Department listed his imprisonment as an "abuse of religious freedom" in its 2010 International Religious Freedom Report. Charles Tannock of the European Parliament raised his case with the EP Commission for Human Rights, which in turn called on the Chinese government "to respect the freedom of religious belief and practice". The United Nations Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief, Heiner Bielefeldt, submitted Guo's allegations to the Chinese authorities in his 2011 report, noting the "continued violations of freedom of religion or belief suffered by Falun Gong practitioners in China". The Chinese government declined to reply.


title: Adrián Berbia

abstract: Adrián Berbia Pose is a Uruguayan goalkeeper currently playing for Boston River in the Uruguayan Primera División.

text:
# Adrián Berbia

**Adrián Berbia Pose** (born 12 October 1977 in Montevideo) is a Uruguayan goalkeeper currently playing for Boston River in the Uruguayan Primera División.

## Career

Berbia signed with Uruguayan Primera B club Boston River in 2015 after being out of contract for 6 months. After the 2015–16 season, the club was promoted to the Primera División and, following a successful first season in the Primera, participated in the 2017 Copa Sudamericana.

## International career

Berbia has made two appearances for the senior, Uruguay national football team, both at the Copa América 2001.

## InfoBox

Adrián Berbia
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Adrián Berbia Pose | | |
| Date of birth | (1977-10-12) 12 October 1977 | | |
| Place of birth | Montevideo, Uruguay | | |
| Height | 1.89 m (6 ft 2 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Boston River | | |
| Number | 1 | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1996–2000 | Bella Vista | 57 | (0) |
| 2000–2003 | Peñarol | 59 | (0) |
| 2003–2004 | Liverpool Montevideo | 23 | (0) |
| 2005 | Olimpia Asunción | 3 | (0) |
| 2005–2006 | Cerro | 13 | (0) |
| 2006 | O'Higgins | 5 | (0) |
| 2007 | Peñarol | 3 | (0) |
| 2007 | Juventud Las Piedras | 14 | (0) |
| 2008 | América de Cali | 48 | (0) |
| 2009–2010 | Junior Barranquilla | 36 | (0) |
| 2010 | Fénix | 2 | (0) |
| 2011–2012 | Real Cartagena | 32 | (0) |
| 2012 | Miramar Misiones | 6 | (0) |
| 2012–2013 | Juventud Las Piedras | 28 | (0) |
| 2013–2014 | Miramar Misiones | 8 | (0) |
| 2015– | Boston River | 0 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 2001 | Uruguay | 2 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 11:58, 21 November 2013 (UTC) | | | |


title: Yitzchak Dovber Schneersohn

abstract: Rabbi Yitzchak Dovber Schneersohn of Liadi (1833-1910), was a Hasidic rebbe in the town of Liadi. Rabbi Yitzchak Dovber was the son of Rabbi Chaim Schneur Zalman of Liadi. Rabbi Yitzchak Dovber succeeded his father as rebbe for a number of Chabad Chasidim in Lyady. His brother-in-law, Rabbi Levi Yitzchak became a rebbe in the town of Sirotin (Siratshin). He and his brother-in-law were the last rebbes of the Liadi branch of Chabad.

text:
# Yitzchak Dovber Schneersohn

**Rabbi Yitzchak Dovber Schneersohn of Liadi** (1833-1910), was a Hasidic rebbe in the town of Liadi. Rabbi Yitzchak Dovber was the son of Rabbi Chaim Schneur Zalman of Liadi (son of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneersohn, the third rebbe of Chabad). Rabbi Yitzchak Dovber succeeded his father as rebbe for a number of Chabad Chasidim in Lyady. His brother-in-law, Rabbi Levi Yitzchak became a rebbe in the town of Sirotin (Siratshin). He and his brother-in-law were the last rebbes of the Liadi branch of Chabad.

## Rebbe in Liadi

After the death of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneersohn (the third rebbe of Chabad-Lubavitch), several of his sons independently assumed the role of rebbe. Rabbi Yitzchak Dovber's father, Chaim Schneur Zalman assumed the role of rebbe in the Liadi, the same town Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi (the first rebbe of Chabad-Lubavitch), was rebbe. Following Rabbi Chaim Schneur Zalman's death, Rabbi Yitzchak Dovber assumed the title of rebbe in Liadi.

## Family

The sons of Rabbi Yitzchak Dovber include Reb Sholom Shachna who filled his place role in Liadi, Reb Yehuda Leib who served as a rabbi in Homel, Siratin, and Vitebsk, Reb Boruch who was a businessman in Smolensk.

## Works authored

* *Siddur T'filah al pi Nusach HaArizal im Pirush Maharid* \- A siddur with Chasidic commentary, printed in 1913, Berditchev
* *Likkutei Ma'amarim* \- Chasidic discourses, printed in 1918, Poltava


title: Quinta do Sol

abstract: Quinta do Sol is a municipality in the state of Paraná in the Southern Region of Brazil.

text:
# Quinta do Sol

**Quinta do Sol** is a municipality in the state of Paraná in the Southern Region of Brazil.

23°48′S 52°07′W / 23.800°S 52.117°W / -23.800; -52.117

## InfoBox

| Quinta do Sol | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Country | Brazil |
| Region | Southern |
| State | Paraná |
| Mesoregion | Centro Ocidental Paranaense |
| Population (2020 ) | |
| Total | 4,508 |
| Time zone | UTC−3 (BRT) |


title: Merisant

abstract: Merisant is an American manufacturer of zero/low-calorie sugar substitutes. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of MacAndrews & Forbes and is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. Merisant markets brands in over 90 countries including Equal and Canderel, as well as natural sweeteners PureVia and Whole Earth featuring stevia and monkfruit extract. In 2021, Merisant was ranked 12th on the Top 50 Global Sweetener Companies list by FoodTalks. The company was formed from Monsanto Company's tabletop sweetener business, which was acquired by a group of investors in 2000. It was acquired by MacAndrews & Forbes in 2014. In April 2014, Merisant made a distribution pact with Piramal Enterprises to distribute Equal in India. In January 2019, Merisant launched Sugarly Sweet range of sweeteners exclusively for Amazon as part of the Amazon Accelerator Program, bringing a new brand from development to launch in just 90 days. In June 2020, Whole Earth Brands acquired Merisant from Flavor Holdings.

text:
# Merisant

**Merisant** is an American manufacturer of zero/low-calorie sugar substitutes. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of MacAndrews & Forbes and is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. Merisant markets brands in over 90 countries including Equal and Canderel, as well as natural sweeteners PureVia and Whole Earth featuring stevia and monkfruit extract. In 2021, Merisant was ranked 12th on the Top 50 Global Sweetener Companies list by FoodTalks.

The company was formed from Monsanto Company's tabletop sweetener business, which was acquired by a group of investors in 2000. It was acquired by MacAndrews & Forbes in 2014.

In April 2014, Merisant made a distribution pact with Piramal Enterprises to distribute Equal in India.

In January 2019, Merisant launched Sugarly Sweet range of sweeteners exclusively for Amazon as part of the Amazon Accelerator Program, bringing a new brand from development to launch in just 90 days.

In June 2020, Whole Earth Brands acquired Merisant from Flavor Holdings.

## InfoBox

Merisant
|
|  |
| Company type | Subsidiary |
| Industry | Sugar substitutes |
| Headquarters | Chicago, Illinois |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Key people | Albert Manzone |
| Products | Equal
Canderel
PureVia |
| Parent | MacAndrews & Forbes |
| Divisions | Whole Earth Sweetener Company |
| Website | www.merisant.com |


title: Wilibald Gurlitt

abstract: Wilibald Gurlitt was a German musicologist. Gurlitt, son of the art historian Cornelius Gurlitt, attended the St. Anne Semi-Classical Secondary School (Annenrealgymnasium) in Dresden and passed his maturity examination (Reifeprüfung) in 1908. He continued his studies at Heidelberg University and the University of Leipzig, predominantly philosophy and the history of civilization at first, but later chiefly music science, in particular the history of music in the 16th and 17th centuries. He began his practical training in music during his schooling in Dresden as a private student of Erdmann Warwas (violin) and Clemens Braun (theory), continued it in Heidelberg with Professor Philipp Wolfrum (counterpoint) and Karl Hasse (organ), and later on his own. He also received artistic advancement from Professor Karl Straube, organist at the St. Thomas Church, Leipzig. From 1 April 1909 to 31 March 1910 he served in the 1st (Personal) Grenadier Regiment no. 100 in Dresden, and also attended evening lectures at the University of Technology there during the winter semester of 1909-1910. During the summer semester of 1911 he took the graduate assistant position in the Collegium Musicum in Leipzig, in which he arranged and studied obscure music of the 17th century and also played violin. From April to October 1912, he undertook an extensive study trip in order to gather material for his music history thesis. In 1914 he delivered his inaugural dissertation on Michael Praetorius under Hugo Riemann. Later that year he was wounded near Sompuis on 9 September as Lieutenant of the Reserve in the aforementioned regiment, and was taken captive by the French on 10 September. He was later released, finished his dissertation, and received his philosophical doctorate. In 1919 he became a lecturer in Freiburg, finally becoming professor in 1929. There he founded the musicology department and the Collegium Musicum which met in Karlsruhe and Hamburg for large public performances of medieval music. As a promoter of the Orgelbewegung, he had the so-called 'Praetorius organ' built by master-organ-builder Oskar Walcker, based on 1619 designs by Praetorius. It was destroyed in 1944 in a bombing raid, but a large section of it was rebuilt by Werner Walcker-Mayer in the atrium of a new building at the University in 1955. Under National Socialism, Gurlitt was labelled a Jewish conspirator, and in 1937 was relieved of his office. He was re-employed after the war. From 1946-8 he was visiting professor at the University of Bern, and from 1955-6 at the University of Basel. In 1953 he was appointed to an honorary doctorate at the University of Leipzig.

text:
# Wilibald Gurlitt

**Wilibald Gurlitt** (1 March 1889, Dresden  15 December 1963, Freiburg) was a German musicologist.

Gurlitt, son of the art historian Cornelius Gurlitt, attended the St. Anne Semi-Classical Secondary School (*Annenrealgymnasium*) in Dresden and passed his maturity examination (*Reifeprüfung*) in 1908. He continued his studies at Heidelberg University and the University of Leipzig, predominantly philosophy and the history of civilization at first, but later chiefly music science, in particular the history of music in the 16th and 17th centuries.

He began his practical training in music during his schooling in Dresden as a private student of Erdmann Warwas (violin) and Clemens Braun (theory), continued it in Heidelberg with Professor Philipp Wolfrum (counterpoint) and Karl Hasse (organ), and later on his own. He also received artistic advancement from Professor Karl Straube, organist at the St. Thomas Church, Leipzig.

From 1 April 1909 to 31 March 1910 he served in the 1st (Personal) Grenadier Regiment no. 100 in Dresden, and also attended evening lectures at the University of Technology (*Technische Hochschule*) there during the winter semester of 1909-1910.

During the summer semester of 1911 he took the graduate assistant position in the Collegium Musicum in Leipzig, in which he arranged and studied obscure music of the 17th century and also played violin.

From April to October 1912, he undertook an extensive study trip in order to gather material for his music history thesis. In 1914 he delivered his inaugural dissertation on Michael Praetorius under Hugo Riemann. Later that year he was wounded near Sompuis on 9 September as Lieutenant of the Reserve in the aforementioned regiment, and was taken captive by the French on 10 September. He was later released, finished his dissertation, and received his philosophical doctorate. In 1919 he became a lecturer in Freiburg, finally becoming professor in 1929. There he founded the musicology department and the Collegium Musicum which met in Karlsruhe and Hamburg for large public performances of medieval music.

As a promoter of the *Orgelbewegung* (organ movement), he had the so-called 'Praetorius organ' built by master-organ-builder Oskar Walcker, based on 1619 designs by Praetorius. It was destroyed in 1944 in a bombing raid, but a large section of it was rebuilt by Werner Walcker-Mayer in the atrium of a new building at the University in 1955.

Under National Socialism, Gurlitt was labelled a Jewish conspirator, and in 1937 was relieved of his office. He was re-employed after the war. From 1946-8 he was visiting professor at the University of Bern, and from 1955-6 at the University of Basel. In 1953 he was appointed to an honorary doctorate at the University of Leipzig.

## Translations


title: Metaplastes pulchripennis

abstract: Metaplastes pulchripennis, common name Italian ornate bush-cricket, is a species of 'katydids crickets' belonging to the family Tettigoniidae subfamily Phaneropterinae.

text:
# Metaplastes pulchripennis

***Metaplastes pulchripennis***, common name **Italian ornate bush-cricket**, is a species of 'katydids crickets' belonging to the family Tettigoniidae subfamily Phaneropterinae.

## Distribution and habitat

This species is present in mainland of Italy, in northern Sardinia, in Corsica, in northern Sicily and in northeastern Spain. It mainly inhabits woodlands along rivers, forest edges and flower-rich grasslands.

## Description

The adults can reach 17–18 millimetres (0.67–0.71 in) of length. The basic coloration of the body is pale green, with a reddish-brown streak on the back. The legs are mainly green, with pale brown knees. The antennae are brown and very long. Ovipositor is quite short (9–10 millimetres (0.35–0.39 in)). Elytra of females are green, while in males they show a white outer edge, with a dark brown band on the edge. *Metaplastes pulchripennis* is quite similar to *Barbistes* species, but it can be distinguished by the *cerci* of the males and the more elongated pronotum.

## Biology

It can commonly be encountered from June through July, especially on *Cistus* and *Rubus* species.

* Paolo Fontana, Baudewijn Odé & Bruno Massa. 2004 – Sull’identità di Metaplastes ippolitoi e le altre specie del genere Metaplastes - (Orthoptera Tettigoniidae). Memorie Soc. entomol. Ital., (2003)

## InfoBox

| *Metaplastes pulchripennis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Metaplastes pulchripennis*, dorsal view | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Orthoptera |
| Suborder: | Ensifera |
| Family: | Tettigoniidae |
| Subfamily: | Phaneropterinae |
| Genus: | *Metaplastes* |
| Species: | ***M. pulchripennis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Metaplastes pulchripennis***<br>(A. Costa, 1863) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Odontura pulchripennis*  Costa, A., 1863 | |


title: Pannonica (album)

abstract: Pannonica is a live album by pianist Horace Parlan's trio which was recorded in Munich in 1981 and released on the German Enja label in 1984.

text:
# Pannonica (album)

***Pannonica*** is a live album by pianist Horace Parlan's trio which was recorded in Munich in 1981 and released on the German Enja label in 1984.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

The AllMusic review by Ron Wynn said "The material, mostly standards with some originals and ballads, isn't overly ambitious, but Parlan's dense, strong blues-influenced solos and good interaction among the three principals keeps things moving".

## Track listing

1. "No Greater Love" (Isham Jones, Marty Symes) – 5:33
2. "Pannonica" (Thelonious Monk) – 6:22
3. "C Jam Blues" (Duke Ellington) – 7:02
4. "Hi-Fly" (Randy Weston) – 9:18
5. "Who Cares?" (George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin) – 9:47

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Pannonica | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Horace Parlan Trio | |
| Released | 1984 |
| Recorded | February 11, 1981 |
| Venue | The Domicile, Munich, West Germany |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 38:02 |
| Label | Enja
4076 |
| Producer | Horst Weber, Matthias Winckelmann |
| Horace Parlan chronology | |
| *Trouble in Mind*
(1980) ***Pannonica***
(1984) *Like Someone in Love*
(1983) | |


title: Otto Rauth

abstract: Otto Rauth was an Italian ice hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1948 Winter Olympics.

text:
# Otto Rauth

**Otto Rauth** (22 January 1914 – 9 September 1978) was an Italian ice hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1948 Winter Olympics.

## InfoBox

Otto Rauth
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Italian |
| Born | (1914-01-22)22 January 1914
Davos, Switzerland |
| Died | 9 September 1978(1978-09-09) (aged 64)
Basel, Switzerland |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Ice hockey |


title: Guo Xiaochuan

abstract: Guo Xiaochuan, original name Guo Enda, was a Chinese poet. He joined the Eighth Route Army in 1937, and began to write free-verse poems during the Second Sino-Japanese War. After 1949, he worked for the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party. Guo's best known poems includes One and Eight, Tree Songs on Forested Areas, Forest of Sugar Cane -- Gree Gauze Curtain and Gazing at the Starring Sky. Along with He Jingzhi, he is considered as one of the major practitioners of "political lyric poetry" style. However, Guo's poems care more about individual perception, and some of his works were strictly criticized in China in the late 1950s.

text:
# Guo Xiaochuan

**Guo Xiaochuan** (Chinese: 郭小川; 1919-1976), original name Guo Enda, was a Chinese poet. He joined the Eighth Route Army in 1937, and began to write free-verse poems during the Second Sino-Japanese War. After 1949, he worked for the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party.

Guo's best known poems includes *One and Eight* (on which Zhang Junzhao's film of the same name is based), *Tree Songs on Forested Areas*, *Forest of Sugar Cane -- Gree Gauze Curtain* and *Gazing at the Starring Sky*. Along with He Jingzhi, he is considered as one of the major practitioners of "political lyric poetry" style. However, Guo's poems care more about individual perception, and some of his works were strictly criticized in China in the late 1950s.

## InfoBox

| Guo Xiaochuan | |
| --- | --- |
| Native name | 郭小川 |
| Born | Guo Enda
(1919-09-02)September 2, 1919
Fengshan, Rehe, Republic of China |
| Died | October 18, 1976(1976-10-18) (aged 57)
Anyang, Henan |
| Language | Chinese |
| Nationality | Chinese |
| Alma mater | Northeastern University |
| Genre | poetry |
| Literary movement | "political lyric poetry" |
| Years active | 1940s - 1960s |


title: Aemilia crassa

abstract: Aemilia crassa is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1865. It is found in Colombia.

text:
# Aemilia crassa

***Aemilia crassa*** is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1865. It is found in Colombia.

## InfoBox

| *Aemilia crassa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Aemilia* |
| Species: | ***A. crassa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Aemilia crassa***<br>(Walker, \[1865\]) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Automolis crassa* Walker, 1865 | |


title: Quinta de los molinos

abstract: The Quinta de Los Molinos is more than two centuries old and a national monument, an oasis in the heart of the city located at the intersection of one of Havana’s heaviest traffic arteries: Infanta, Carlos III, and Boyeros avenues. The Quinta since colonial times has had a complicated history to various events and characters, mainly with General Máximo Gómez. The original area exceeded the territory it currently occupies as it extended north to approximately the location of the University of Havana, to the northwest to Hospital Calixto García, and west to G Street, including the Castillo del Principe, and south to Salvador Allende avenue and east to Infanta street. It is in the general vicinity of the Paseo de Tacón, the University of Havana, and the Castillo del Principe.

text:
# Quinta de los molinos

The Quinta de Los Molinos  is more than two centuries old and a national monument, an oasis in the heart of the city located at the intersection of one of Havana’s heaviest traffic arteries: Infanta, Carlos III, and Boyeros avenues. The Quinta since colonial times has had a complicated history to various events and characters, mainly with General Máximo Gómez.

The original area exceeded the territory it currently occupies as it extended north to approximately the location of the University of Havana, to the northwest to Hospital Calixto García, and west to G Street, including the Castillo del Principe, and south to Salvador Allende avenue and east to Infanta street.

It is in the general vicinity of the Paseo de Tacón (Avenida Carlos III), the University of Havana, and the Castillo del Principe.

## History

The Quinta de Los Molinos  was the location where the Captaincy General of Cuba maintained their summer residence  in the 1850s - 1870s.

The location acquires the name Quinta de Los Molinos , due to the existence of two mills used to grind tobacco and obtain snuff. The mills were owned by Martín de Aróstegui, president of the Royal Tobacco Factory belonging to the Spanish king, hence its name. This name appeared in the National Archive of Cuba in 1850 and has been maintained to this day. Before 1850 it was known as the Tacón Garden, as it appears in a plan of 1843 and in a marble plaque, enclosed in the wall of an old building in the area.

These mills operated until the second half of the 19th century, moved by the force of the water from the so-called Zanja Real, the first aqueduct that Havana had. Its construction began in 1592, and they were finished after 27 years of work. Very close to the Cathedral of Havana is the Callejón del Chorro, whose name comes from its old use. Originally the Cathedral was called Plaza de la Ciénaga, since it was there where the people of Havana came to stock up on water, brought by the Zanja Real.

## Residence of General Máximo Gómez

At the end of the War of Independence in Cuba, with the defeat of Spain and in the absence of the representation of the Cuban people, the Treaty of Paris was signed on December 10. After the war was formally ended, the President of the Republic of Cuba in Arms, Bartolomé Masó, met the Assembly of Representatives of Santa Cruz del Sur and resigned from his position. The Assembly moved to Havana, to house number 819 on Calzada del Cerro.

## Aqueduct

The more than 11 km long El Chorro, as the Zanja Real was known, started at the Almendares River and brought water to Old Havana crossing Zanja Street (bearing its name). This first aqueduct ceased its use with the development of the city. Thus the Spanish government was forced to find an alternate solution for the supply of water to Old Havana, creating in 1835, the aqueduct of Fernando VII and the Albear in 1858 which were joined in 1878.

## Botanical garden

When the king's mills disappeared, the Botanical Garden of Havana was founded, along with the construction of the resthouse of the Captaincy General of Cuba. Starting in the 1820s, research and studies on plants were carried out by Felipe Poey Aloy. The Botanical Garden was transferred, from the area that currently includes the American Fraternity Park and the south of the National Capitol, where the first Botanical Garden had been founded in 1817.

The herbarium of the old Botanical Garden of Havana, in which it was started, sought the development of the botanical collection. Álvaro Reinoso carried out many of his experiments, having many small plots dedicated to the cultivation of sugar cane. The University of Havana took over between 1850 and 1871, during this time it passed into the hands of the Spanish government for a period of 8 years.

After this period, the Spanish government returned the land to the University establishing the School of Botany, which sharing its function with the School of Second Education.

In 1906 the garden was inscribed in the World System of Botanical Gardens. The butterfly Hedychium coronarium was declared in 1936 as the national flower of Cuba.

The villa’s botanical garden was surrounded by wrought-iron railings. In addition to its plants, attributing it in 1906 a place in the International Association of Botanic Gardens, there are life-size statues and busts of Olympian gods such as Minerva, Juno, and Ceres.

## People

In 1888 the Cuban Grand Master and World Chess Champion José Raúl Capablanca was born in the Castillo del Príncipe whose father was a Spanish army officer who lived there.

1. "La Quinta de Los Molinos in Havana". April 2017. Retrieved 2021-08-16.
2. "La Quinta de los Molinos constituye uno de los lugares más interesantes de La Habana donde se combina historia y naturaleza". Retrieved 2021-08-14.
3. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Havana". *Encyclopædia Britannica*. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 77: para 7 - Havana is famous for...
4. "Quinta de los Molinos". 28 April 2014. Archived from the original on 2021-07-25. Retrieved 2021-07-25.

Quinta de los Molinos Q24018967

## InfoBox

| Quinta de los molinos | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Former names | Jardin de Tacon |
| General information | |
| Type | Garden |
| Architectural style | Neoclassical |
| Classification | Natural |
| Location | Avenida Salvador Allende y Luaces |
| Town or city | Ciudad de La Habana |
| Country | Cuba |
| Coordinates | 23°7′53.8″N 82°22′48.4″W / 23.131611°N 82.380111°W / 23.131611; -82.380111 |
| Current tenants | Oficina de Licenciamiento del Ejército Libertador |
| Estimated completion | ca 1850 |
| Owner | City of Havana |


title: HMS Cricket (1915)

abstract: HMS Cricket was a Royal Navy Insect-class gunboat. She was built by Barclay Curle and launched on 17 December 1915. During the First World War, Cricket took part in the Mesopotamian Campaign as part of the gunboat squadron operating on the Euphrates and Tigris rivers. During the Russian Civil War, Cricket served as part of the British intervention forces fighting in support of White Russian forces on the Dvina River during 1919-1920. During the Second World War, Cricket was in China until 1940 then transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet's Inshore Squadron. On 12 July 1941 she was crippled in an air attack by Regia Aeronautica unit 97 Gruppo (Group) and its 239 Squadriglia (Squadron), led by Major Giuseppe Cenni. One of Cenni's crew took a picture of her during the attack. She was declared a constructive total loss on 30 June 1942 and stripped for spares at Alexandria, Egypt in 1942. Her hull was towed to Cyprus and used as a target for Royal Air Force training off Dhekelia where the sunken hull is an attraction for scuba divers.

text:
# HMS Cricket (1915)

**HMS** ***Cricket*** was a Royal Navy Insect-class gunboat. She was built by Barclay Curle and launched on 17 December 1915.

During the First World War, *Cricket* took part in the Mesopotamian Campaign as part of the gunboat squadron operating on the Euphrates and Tigris rivers. During the Russian Civil War, *Cricket* served as part of the British intervention forces fighting in support of White Russian forces on the Dvina River during 1919-1920.

During the Second World War, *Cricket* was in China until 1940 then transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet's Inshore Squadron. On 12 July 1941 she was crippled in an air attack by Regia Aeronautica unit 97 *Gruppo* (Group) and its 239 *Squadriglia* (Squadron), led by Major Giuseppe Cenni. One of Cenni's crew took a picture of her during the attack.

She was declared a constructive total loss on 30 June 1942 and stripped for spares at Alexandria, Egypt in 1942. Her hull was towed to Cyprus and used as a target for Royal Air Force training off Dhekelia where the sunken hull is an attraction for scuba divers.

## Bibliography

* Lenton, H. T. and Colledge, J.J. (1973) *Warships of World War II*, 2nd ed., Shepperton : Ian Allan, 653 p., ISBN 0-7110-0403-X
* Smith, Peter C. *The Junkers Ju 87 Stuka: A Complete History*. London: Crécy Publishing, 2011. ISBN 978-0-85979-156-4.
* Zolandez, Thomas (2004). "Question 6/01: Japanese WW II Spy". *Warship International*. **XLI** (1): 33–34. ISSN 0043-0374.

## InfoBox

| A 1915 postcard drawing of HMS *Cricket* and a Zeppelin airship | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United Kingdom | |
| Name | HMS *Cricket* |
| Builder | Barclay Curle |
| Launched | 17 December 1915 |
| Fate | Crippled in an air attack, 12 July 1941. Declared constructive loss, 30 June 1942. Used for spare parts and hull sunk as target by RAF. |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Insect-class gunboat |
| Displacement | 625 long tons (635 t) |
| Length | 237 ft 6 in (72.39 m) |
| Beam | 36 ft (11 m) |
| Draught | 4 ft (1.2 m) |
| Propulsion | 2 shaft VTE engines, 2 Yarrow type mixed firing boilers 2000 IHP |
| Speed | 14 knots (16 mph; 26 km/h) |
| Complement | 55 |
| Armament |  |
| Armour | Improvised |


title: Mesh-he

abstract: Mesh-He, described as "the smith", is the 10th lugal of the first dynasty of Uruk. He ruled in modern-day Mesopotamia. Little is known about Mesh-he. The Sumerian King List puts him after En-Nun-Tarah-Ana and assigns 36 years of reign, it is believed he died by the year 2552 BC. He was followed by Melem-ana. His historicity, and that of his successors, however, is not completely established.

text:
# Mesh-he

**Mesh-He** (r.c. 2588 BC  c. 2552 BC), described as "the smith", is the 10th lugal of the first dynasty of Uruk. He ruled in modern-day Mesopotamia. Little is known about Mesh-he.

The *Sumerian King List* puts him after En-Nun-Tarah-Ana and assigns 36 years of reign, it is believed he died by the year 2552 BC. He was followed by Melem-ana.

His historicity, and that of his successors, however, is not completely established.


title: Wilians Silva de Araújo

abstract: Wilians Silva de Araújo is a Brazilian paralympic judoka. He won the gold medal in the men's +90 kg J1 event at the 2024 Summer Paralympics.

text:
# Wilians Silva de Araújo

**Wilians Silva de Araújo** (born 18 October 1991) is a Brazilian paralympic judoka. He won the gold medal in the men's +90 kg J1 event at the 2024 Summer Paralympics.

## InfoBox

Wilians Araújo
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Wilians Silva de Araújo |
| Born | (1991-10-18) 18 October 1991<br>Riachão do Poço, Brazil |
| Occupation | Judoka |
| Sport | |
| Country | Brazil |
| Sport | Para judo |
| Disability class | J1 |
| Weight class | +90 kg |
| Medal record      Para judo  Representing  Brazil  Paralympic Games  2024 Paris +90 kg J1  2016 Rio de Janeiro +100 kg  Parapan American Games  2023 Santiago +90 kg  2015 Toronto +100 kg  2011 Guadalajara +100 kg | |


title: Metarhizium brunneum

abstract: Metarhizium brunneum is the re-instated name of a group of reassigned Metarhizium isolates, previously grouped in the species "Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae": based on a multigene phylogenetic approach using near-complete sequences from nuclear DNA. It is a mitosporic fungus with asexual reproduction, which was formerly classified in the form class Hyphomycetes of the form phylum Deuteromycota. M. brunneum has been isolated from Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera and soil samples, but a commercially developed isolate (below) has proved virulent against Hemiptera and Thysanoptera.

text:
# Metarhizium brunneum

***Metarhizium brunneum*** is the re-instated name of a group of reassigned *Metarhizium* isolates, previously grouped in the species "*Metarhizium anisopliae* var. *anisopliae*": based on a multigene phylogenetic approach using near-complete sequences from nuclear DNA. It is a mitosporic fungus with asexual reproduction, which was formerly classified in the form class Hyphomycetes of the form phylum Deuteromycota (also often called Fungi Imperfecti). *M. brunneum* has been isolated from Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera and soil samples, but a commercially developed isolate (below) has proved virulent against Hemiptera and Thysanoptera.

## Genome

The genome of *M. brunneum* was the first in the genus to be completely assembled. The 7 chromosomes and mitogenome have a total sequence length of 37,796,881. The sequencing and assembly was performed at Swansea University in 2021.

## Standard isolate and characteristics

Bischoff et al.\[1\] state: "There is no viable ex-type culture for *M. brunneum* Petch. However ARSEF 2107 (from Oregon, USA) is considered an authentic strain because the taxon's author, Petch, identified it and we designate it here as an ex-epitype. ... an ex-epitype (BPI 878297) derived from a living culture (ARSEF 1914) is designated for this taxon." *Metarhizium brunneum* is the most basal lineage in the clade called 'PARB' in which it appears impossible to differentiate isolates of *M. brunneum* from *M. anisopliae*, on morphological characteristics alone (with the exception of the presumptive colour mutant ARSEF 2107).

Conidia typically measure 4.5–8.0 μm long x 2.0–3.0 μm diameter: similar to several other *Metarhizuim* species. Petch designated a type collection from the Philippines, which he described as turning brown in mature colonies. This colour variant may occur regularly in nature based on the fact that Petch had identified a number of isolates as *M. brunneum* from geographically distant locations. However it is important to note that the majority of *M. brunneum* isolates examined by Bischoff *et al.* were olive-green in colour (similar to *M. anisopliae*), rather than the buff and tan pigmentation described for the type specimen and the ex-epitype cultures, respectively.

## Applications

### Varroa mite (honeybees)

In 2021, a custom-bred strain of *M. brunneum* was created to target and kill the varroa mite that afflicts honeybee populations. That strain was bred to be heat-tolerant, raising the percentage of spores that germinated at 35 °C—the temperature of a typical beehive— from 44% to 70%. A second breeding effort increased the deadliness of the strain from 4% just over 60%.

## Important isolates

* Isolate M.a. 43 (a.k.a. F52, Met52, 029056) primarily infects beetle larvae: and is the active ingredient of 'BIO 1020', originally developed for control of *Otiorhynchus sulcatus* and now 'Met52'; it is still often described in commercial literature as "*M. anisopliae*". Commercial products based on this isolate are subcultures of the individual isolate M.a. 43 and are represented in several culture collections including: Julius Kühn-Institute for Biological Control (previously the BBA), Darmstadt, Germany: \[M.a. 43\]; HRI, UK: \[275-86 (acronyms V275 or KVL 275)\]; KVL Denmark \[KVL 99-112 (Ma 275 or V 275)\]; Bayer, Germany \[DSM 3884\]; ATCC, USA \[ATCC 90448\]; USDA, Ithaca, USA \[ARSEF 1095\]. Granular and emulsifiable concentrate formulations based on this isolate have been developed by several companies and registered in the EU and N. America (US and Canada) for use against black vine weevil in nursery ornamentals and soft fruit, other Coleoptera, western flower thrips in greenhouse ornamentals and chinch bugs in turf.

## InfoBox

| *Metarhizium brunneum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Sordariomycetes |
| Order: | Hypocreales |
| Family: | Clavicipitaceae |
| Genus: | *Metarhizium* |
| Species: | ***M. brunneum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Metarhizium brunneum***
Petch, 1935 | |
|


title: FedEx Express Flight 1478

abstract: FedEx Express Flight 1478 was a scheduled domestic cargo flight from Memphis International Airport to Tallahassee International Airport. On July 26, 2002, the Boeing 727-232F aircraft flying this route crashed during landing at Tallahassee. All three flight crew members survived the accident with serious injuries, but the aircraft was destroyed.

text:
# FedEx Express Flight 1478

**FedEx Express Flight 1478** was a scheduled domestic cargo flight from Memphis International Airport to Tallahassee International Airport. On July 26, 2002, the Boeing 727-232F aircraft flying this route crashed during landing at Tallahassee. All three flight crew members survived the accident with serious injuries, but the aircraft was destroyed.

## Aircraft and crew

The aircraft involved was a Boeing 727-232 freighter registered as N497FE (serial number 20866 - line number 1067), that had its first flight on September 3, 1974. The aircraft was delivered to Delta Air Lines on September 13, 1986, and it was transferred to FedEx on December 2 of the same year. It was then transferred to TAP Air Portugal which leased it to Air Atlantis. In December 1987 the aircraft was subleased to Gulf Air Transport. The aircraft was later returned to FedEx and on December 13, 1989, it was converted into a freighter.

The three flight crew members were the aircraft's only occupants. The captain was 55-year-old William Walsh who had been with FedEx Express since 1989 and had a total of 13,000 to 14,000 hours of flight experience, including 2,754 hours on the Boeing 727. His latest medical certificate issued by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) required him to wear corrective lenses in flight.

The first officer was 44-year-old William Frye, who had been with FedEx Express since 1997, having previously served as a United States Navy pilot for 16 years. He had 8,500 flight hours, with 1,983 of them on the Boeing 727. According to his recent medical certificate, Frye was color blind but passed the Navy's color vision tests a total of 13 times.

The flight engineer was 33-year-old David Mendez, who had been with FedEx Express for less than a year and had 2,600 flight hours, including 346 hours on the Boeing 727.

## Accident

Flight 1478 departed at 4:12 AM EDT, with first officer Frye as the pilot flying. The flight was initially intending to land on runway 27 due to wind gusts. However, after receiving a weather update at 5:24, the flight crew changed to a straight-in visual approach to Runway 09. Since the air traffic control (ATC) tower at Tallahassee did not open until 6:00, Flight 1478 was monitored by air traffic controllers in Jacksonville.

At 5:30, first officer Frye said, "okay, I think I got a runway now." The flight crew then discussed the runway and the position of the aircraft. At 5:36, Flight 1478 was descending through an altitude of 1,000 feet (300 m) and turning towards runway 09 from the airfield traffic pattern. At this time the precision approach path indicator (PAPI) lights displayed one red light and three white lights. The aircraft was slightly low at the final approach fix, but the crew failed to notice. 30 seconds before impact the aircraft was at 500 feet (150 m), all four PAPI lights were red, indicating the aircraft was well below the glideslope. At the same time the ground proximity warning system (GPWS) sounded a "five hundred" feet above ground level warning. Captain Walsh responded, "stable" while first officer Frye said "gonna have to stay just a little bit higher... I'm gonna lose the end of the runway." At 5:37, with the landing gear lowered and the flaps at 30 degrees, the aircraft impacted 50-foot (15 m)-high trees located 3,650 feet (1,110 m) short of the runway. The aircraft remained airborne for 1,000 feet (300 m) and then crashed into the ground sliding 1,100 feet (340 m), striking a construction vehicle in the process and rotating 260 degrees before coming to a stop. Tallahassee International Airport was closed until 10:35.

## Investigation

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) conducted an investigation into the accident, determining that the cause of the accident was the flight crew's failure to maintain an appropriate flight path during a visual approach at night. The flight crew were also fatigued and did not adhere to standard operating procedures (SOP).

The flight crew testified the approach was normal until the last moment, and none of the crew verbalized that all four PAPIs were red. The approach was not stabilized by 500 feet (150 m) above ground level and the flight crew failed to initiate a go-around. First officer Frye also underwent an eye test after the accident, revealing that it was difficult for him to distinguish between red, green and white. The NTSB concluded that based on the results this made it difficult for Frye to distinguish between the color of the PAPI lights.

National Transportation Safety Board * Docket including Air Traffic Control transmission transcript, Cockpit Voice Recorder transcript, Flight Data Recorder readout, List of FDR parameters, FDR data plots.

## InfoBox

FedEx Express Flight 1478
| Wreckage of N497FE | |
| --- | --- |
| Accident | |
| Date | July 26, 2002 (2002-07-26) |
| Summary | Controlled flight into terrain due to pilot error and fatigue |
| Site | Near Tallahassee International Airport, Tallahassee, Florida, United States |
| Aircraft | |
| Aircraft type | Boeing 727-232F |
| Operator | FedEx Express |
| IATA flight No. | FX1478 |
| ICAO flight No. | FDX1478 |
| Call sign | FEDEX 1478 |
| Registration | N497FE |
| Flight origin | Memphis International Airport, Memphis, Tennessee |
| Destination | Tallahassee International Airport, Tallahassee, Florida |
| Occupants | 3 |
| Crew | 3 |
| Fatalities | 0 |
| Injuries | 3 |
| Survivors | 3 |