title: New Denver

abstract:
New Denver is a village in the Central Kootenay region of British Columbia, Canada at the mouth of Carpenter Creek, on the east shore of Slocan Lake, in the West Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia. The village is 47 kilometres (29 mi) west of Kaslo on Highway 31A, and 47 kilometres (29 mi) southeast of Nakusp and 32 kilometres (20 mi) northeast of Slocan on Highway 6. Project Zomboid
Modification "Slocan Lake,BC" adds New Denver and Rosebery into the game

text:
# New Denver

**New Denver** is a village in the Central Kootenay region of British Columbia, Canada at the mouth of Carpenter Creek, on the east shore of Slocan Lake, in the West Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia. The village is 47 kilometres (29 mi) west of Kaslo on Highway 31A, and 47 kilometres (29 mi) southeast of Nakusp and 32 kilometres (20 mi) northeast of Slocan on Highway 6.

Project Zomboid Modification "Slocan Lake,BC" adds New Denver and Rosebery into the game

## Name origin

In 1892, the town was mostly called Slocan City or Slocan for about a month, Eldorado City or Eldorado for about seven months, and New Denver since. However, these names were used interchangeably for months. Furthermore, the place may have been known as Carpenter Creek townsite after its founding in 1891.

Appearing about the same time as the Slocan community at the foot of the lake, it is unclear why the latter prevailed in keeping the name. Until the government survey in mid 1892, the place was a squatters camp for miners. Named for El Dorado, the legendary city of gold, the surrounding mines were hoped to bring comparable prosperity. On discovering the mines were silver deposits, the name changed to reflect the famed silver mines of Denver, Colorado.

## History

New Denver was an early service center for mines and the nearby mining towns. It could be reached by boat, and a stagecoach ran every two days to Nakusp, and every four days to Nelson. In 1895, Denver Canyon became a stop on the former Nakusp and Slocan Railway. The settlement was incorporated as a village in 1929. After the decline in mining, forestry became the economic base, and tourism in more recent times.

### Japanese internment during World War II

One of nine West Kootenay internment centres for Japanese Canadians during World War II (following removal from the BC Coast), by 1942 the camp held 1,505 Japanese Canadians, who built 275 shacks in a fruit grove known as the "Orchard." Other internment centres in the Slocan region were nearby at Slocan City, Lemon Creek, Rosebery, Kaslo and Sandon.

New Denver's Nikkei Internment Memorial Centre is dedicated to the history of the 27,000 interned Japanese Canadians, and is a National Historic Site.

### Doukhobor residential school

For decades Freedomites refused to send their Doukhobor children to school. After multiple warnings, the government forcibly removed such children from their families. Operating 1953–1959, about 170 children, aged 7–15, passed through the New Denver facility but attended the public school. Although parents were allowed twice-monthly visits, most chose instead to speak to their children through the wire fence.

### Zincton resort controversy

In May 2020, New Denver resident David Harley, owner of Valhalla Pure Outfitters, proposed building a 55-acre "world-class, all-season, backcountry-oriented" resort called Zincton between New Denver and Kaslo. Those promoting Zincton claim the resort will create jobs and do much to remedy economic and social decline in the area. The proposed site is in a critical wildlife corridor connecting Goat Range and Kokanee Provincial Parks and is also prime grizzly bear habitat; opponents fear the resort's negative ecological impact. Of the 3000 emailed comments received by British Columbia's Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development regarding Zincton, 2300 opposed building the resort.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, New Denver had a population of 487 living in 248 of its 304 total private dwellings, a change of 3% from its 2016 population of 473. With a land area of 0.87 km2 (0.34 sq mi), it had a population density of 559.8/km2 (1,449.8/sq mi) in 2021.

## Communications

The town is notable for its resistance to mobile phones. In a 2008 referendum, many citizens voted against the introduction of cellular telephone service. Despite this, on 20 July 2010, Telus Canada began installation of a cell phone facility in the heart of the village, with many citizens peacefully protesting the installation.

## Climate

| Climate data for New Denver | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 10.6
(51.1) | 14
(57) | 21
(70) | 27.2
(81.0) | 33.5
(92.3) | 35.5
(95.9) | 38.5
(101.3) | 37.2
(99.0) | 35.5
(95.9) | 24
(75) | 18.3
(64.9) | 11.5
(52.7) | 38.5
(101.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.5
(32.9) | 2.9
(37.2) | 8.1
(46.6) | 13.9
(57.0) | 18.9
(66.0) | 22.4
(72.3) | 26.1
(79.0) | 25.9
(78.6) | 19.8
(67.6) | 11.5
(52.7) | 4.3
(39.7) | 0.2
(32.4) | 12.9
(55.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.7
(28.9) | −0.3
(31.5) | 3.6
(38.5) | 8
(46) | 12.5
(54.5) | 16.1
(61.0) | 19.1
(66.4) | 18.9
(66.0) | 13.9
(57.0) | 7.5
(45.5) | 2
(36) | −1.9
(28.6) | 8.1
(46.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4
(25) | −3.5
(25.7) | −1.1
(30.0) | 2
(36) | 6
(43) | 9.6
(49.3) | 12
(54) | 11.8
(53.2) | 7.8
(46.0) | 3.5
(38.3) | −0.4
(31.3) | −4
(25) | 3.3
(37.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −23.5
(−10.3) | −21
(−6) | −15.6
(3.9) | −7.2
(19.0) | −2
(28) | 2.2
(36.0) | 1.1
(34.0) | 1.7
(35.1) | −1.5
(29.3) | −11
(12) | −23.5
(−10.3) | −28.9
(−20.0) | −28.9
(−20.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 100.8
(3.97) | 57.1
(2.25) | 62.7
(2.47) | 61.6
(2.43) | 66.1
(2.60) | 84.2
(3.31) | 60.8
(2.39) | 54.9
(2.16) | 55
(2.2) | 70.1
(2.76) | 105.2
(4.14) | 94.2
(3.71) | 872.6
(34.35) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 43.1
(1.70) | 36.8
(1.45) | 54.8
(2.16) | 60.8
(2.39) | 66
(2.6) | 84.2
(3.31) | 60.8
(2.39) | 54.9
(2.16) | 55
(2.2) | 69.8
(2.75) | 86.1
(3.39) | 39
(1.5) | 711.5
(28.01) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 57.6
(22.7) | 20.3
(8.0) | 7.9
(3.1) | 0.7
(0.3) | 0.1
(0.0) | 0
(0) | 0
(0) | 0
(0) | 0
(0) | 0.3
(0.1) | 19.1
(7.5) | 55.2
(21.7) | 161.1
(63.4) |
| Source: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Flora and fauna

2019 saw a drastic increase in New Denver's native roof rat population. The Norwegian rat was introduced to the area the same year and is thought to have arrived by transport truck from other regions. Council members blamed the infestation on local gardening and composting practices.

## Notable people

49°59′30″N 117°22′17″W / 49.99167°N 117.37139°W / 49.99167; -117.37139

## InfoBox

| New Denver | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| The Corporation of the Village of New Denver | |
|  | |
| New DenverLocation of New Denver in British Columbia | |
| Coordinates: 49°59′29″N 117°22′19″W / 49.99139°N 117.37194°W / 49.99139; -117.37194 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | British Columbia |
| Region | Slocan Valley, West Kootenay |
| Regional district | Central Kootenay |
| Founded | 1892 |
| Incorporated | 1929 |
| Government | |
| Governing body | New Denver Village Council |
| Mayor | Leonard Casley |
| CAO | Md. Ashraf Alam |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.87 km2 (0.34 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 560 m (1,840 ft) |
| Population (2016) | |
| Total | 473 |
| Density | 543.7/km2 (1,408/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC-8 (PST) |
| Area code(s) | 250, 778, 236, & 672 |
| Highways | Highway 6
Highway 31A |
| Waterways | Slocan Lake |
| Website | newdenver.ca |


title: Çatköy, Hanak

abstract: Çatköy is a village in the Hanak District, Ardahan Province, Turkey. Its population is 155 (2021). The village is populated by Turkmens.

text:
# Çatköy, Hanak

**Çatköy** is a village in the Hanak District, Ardahan Province, Turkey. Its population is 155 (2021). The village is populated by Turkmens.

## InfoBox

| Çatköy | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| ÇatköyLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 41°18′22″N 42°42′25″E / 41.306°N 42.707°E / 41.306; 42.707 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Ardahan |
| District | Hanak |
| Population (2021) | 155 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Roger O. Egeberg

abstract: Roger Olaf Egeberg, M.D. was an American medical educator, administrator and advocate of public health. He was General Douglas MacArthur's personal physician during World War II in the Pacific theater. His other roles included Assistant Secretary for Health and Scientific Affairs in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare during the Nixon administration and Dean of the University of Southern California's medical school.

text:
# Roger O. Egeberg

**Roger Olaf Egeberg, M.D.** (13 November 1902 – 13 September 1997 Washington, D.C.) was an American medical educator, administrator and advocate of public health. He was General Douglas MacArthur's personal physician during World War II in the Pacific theater. His other roles included Assistant Secretary for Health and Scientific Affairs in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (now the United States Department of Health and Human Services) during the Nixon administration and Dean of the University of Southern California's medical school.

## Early life and family

Egeberg was born in Chicago, Illinois to Hans Olaf Egeberg (1875-1932) and Ulrikka Rostrup Egeberg (1875-1932) (née Nielsen), a Norwegian immigrant family. Egeberg married a Canadian sculptor, Margaret Chahoon (25 August 1904 - 31 March 2011), in 1929. Together, they had a son and three daughters.

## Education and career

Egeberg received a bachelor's degree in 1925 from Cornell University where he was a member of the Quill and Dagger society. He earned his medical degree in 1929 at Northwestern University school of medicine. He became an internist and joined the faculty of Western Reserve University School of Medicine.

## Military service

During World War II, Egeberg was a member of the 4th General Hospital which was sent to Australia. From there he transferred to Milne Bay, Papua New Guinea (PNG) where he organised field stations and was a malaria control officer. Through determined attempts to control illnesses such as malaria and sexually transmitted diseases in PNG, Egeberg was noticed by MacArthur who made him his personal physician and aide-de-camp. Egeberg rose to the rank of colonel and was awarded the Bronze Star Medal and the Legion of Merit. At the end of the war, Egeberg treated the Prime Minister of Japan, Hideki Tojo who had shot himself. Tojo was later hanged.

## Academic positions

After the war, Egeberg was Chief of Medicine at Wadsworth General Hospital, head of County-University of Southern California Medical Center (1959) and Dean, USC School of Medicine (1964). After working for Nixon, Egeberg took a professorial chair at Georgetown University. In his later career, he advocated for the advanced training of doctors in geriatric medicine.

## Nixon administration

From 1969 to 1971, Egeberg was the Assistant Secretary for health and scientific affairs in the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. In this role, he was an advocate for expanding public health care and argued for the financing of medical programs (through the Office of Health Care Financing). During this time, Egeberg visited the USSR and developed a professional relationship with Boris Vasilevich Petrovsky, the Soviet minister of health. In the spring of 1970, while requesting $100 million to train more doctors and nurses, Egeberg alleged the Health, Education and Welfare Secretary, Robert H. Finch, and the department's Under Secretary, John C. Veneman, were not considering his advice on health matters and that Nixon's advisers were ignoring him.  He said,

"The White House just doesn't appreciate, doesn't know, what is going on in the health field."

also,

"I just can't get through to Ehrlichman," (referring to John D. Ehrlichman, the president's chief aide for domestic matters.)

and,

"I may be fired because of my words and actions, but I won't quit."

Officials of the department, including Finch, expressed dissatisfaction with Egeberg's managerial skills.  From 1971 to 1977, Egeberg was the health secretary's special assistant for health policy and special consultant to the president in health affairs. In 1976 and 1977, he was also special assistant for health education.

## Marijuana

In 1970, Egeberg introduced an amendment to legislation governing penalties for marijuana offences. The nature of a conviction for possession of marijuana was changed from felony to misdemeanor. The committee reviewing the Controlled Substances Act requested Egeberg's advice on how marijuana should be regulated. After Egeberg wrote to Harley O. Staggers, chairman of the house committee on interstate and foreign commerce, marijuana was temporarily placed in Schedule I, the most tightly-controlled category of drugs. He wrote,

"Dear Mr. Chairman, In a prior communication, comments requested by your committee on the scientific aspects of the drug classification scheme incorporated in H.R. 18583 were provided. This communication is concerned with the proposed classification of marihuana...It is presently classed in schedule I(C) along with its active constituents, the tetrahydrocannibinols and other psychotropic drugs...Some question has been raised whether the use of the plant itself produces "severe psychological or physical dependence" as required by a schedule I or even schedule II criterion. Since there is still a considerable void in our knowledge of the plant and effects of the active drug contained in it, our recommendation is that marihuana be retained within schedule I at least until the completion of certain studies now underway to resolve the issue. If those studies make it appropriate for the Attorney General to change the placement of marihuana to a different schedule, he may do so in accordance with the authority provided under section 201 of the bill."

Egeberg intended for marijuana to remain in Schedule I only until the Shafer Commission completed its report. However, Nixon refused to implement the Commission's recommendation that marijuana be legalized.

## Books

* *The General: MacArthur and the Man He Called 'Doc.'*  (1984 Hippocrene Books) ISBN 0882548549, ISBN 978-0882548548
* *Reaching for the world: early memories.* (2000, Washington Expatriates Press) ISBN 096090624X, ISBN 978-0960906246

## External sources

## InfoBox

| Roger Olaf Egeberg | |
| --- | --- |
| Dr. Egeberg in an interview | |
| Born | (1902-11-13)November 13, 1902
Chicago, Illinois, US |
| Died | September 13, 1997(1997-09-13) (aged 94)
Washington, D.C., US |
| Title | Assistant Secretary for Health |
| Term | 19691971 |
| Predecessor | Philip R. Lee |
| Successor | Charles C. Edwards |
| Political party | Democrat |
| Spouse | Margaret McEchron Chahoon |
| Children | One son, three daughters |


title: Roger Morris (architect)

abstract: Roger Morris was an English architect whose connection with Colen Campbell brought him to the attention of Henry Herbert, 9th Earl of Pembroke, with whom Morris collaborated on a long series of projects.

text:
# Roger Morris (architect)

**Roger Morris** (19 April 1695 – 31 January 1749) was an English architect whose connection with Colen Campbell brought him to the attention of Henry Herbert, 9th Earl of Pembroke, with whom Morris collaborated on a long series of projects.

## Biography

Born in London, Morris received thorough practical training as a bricklayer, as he was described in 1724, when he built a house for himself on the Harley estate in Oxford Street, London. By 1730, in a larger house he built for himself in Green Street, he was described in the rates as a 'gentleman'. On his own account he was successfully involved in speculative building in London, which may have supported his position in life.

Professionally, his career was closely bound at first with Sir Andrew Fountaine, a virtuoso and amateur architect, at Narford, Norfolk; and then to Colen Campbell, to whom he seems to have acted as assistant, as at Studley Royal in Yorkshire; and Lord Pembroke, one of the 'architect earls'. Lord Pembroke's connoisseurship, combined with Morris's practical experience, produced Marble Hill House for Henrietta Howard, Countess of Suffolk, 1724–29; the White Lodge, Richmond Park 1727–28; and, after touring Italy with George Bubb Dodington between June 1731 and September 1732, Morris completed the interiors of Sir John Vanbrugh's incomplete Eastbury House, Dorset, for Dodington, 1733–38 (the house was exploded and razed in 1775); at a later date Morris designed and built a house at Hammersmith, near London, for Bubb Dodington (where a gallery was designed by Giovanni Niccolò Servandoni). He built the Column of Victory at Blenheim Palace for Marlborough's widow, Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough, 1730; Wimbledon House, 1732–33, also for the Duchess; the Palladian Bridge, Wilton House, 1736–37; the neo-Palladian elevation of Apethorpe Palace; and probably, Howard Colvin suggests, Westcombe House, Blackheath, near London, (ca 1730) which became Pembroke's own. Lord Pembroke presented Morris with a silver cup in 1734 as a token of his regard.

Clearwell Castle in Gloucestershire, of 1727, is attributed to Morris; it is an exceptionally early design in the Gothic Revival castle style. Morris designed Combe Bank, Kent, in the second quarter of the century. John Harris has demonstrated that Morris made a design for the Porter's Lodge at Wilton House, ca. 1733. Remodelling of Lydiard Park, Wiltshire, in the 1740s is attributed to Morris.

Morris's ability and the recommendations of his well-placed patrons secured him a post in the Office of Works, from which all designs for the Crown emanated. The new office of Clerk of the Works at Richmond New Park Lodge was created for him in 1727, when he was engaged in building the structure. In 1734 he succeeded in the post of Master Carpenter to the Office of Ordnance, which was worth £2-3,000 a year, for works at the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich and elsewhere. He was also appointed Surveyor to the Mint.

John Morris's Palladian villa in town, at 12, Grosvenor Square (1727, for John Aislabie) has been thoroughly analysed by the Survey of London. Morris's independent designs have been praised for their innovatory approach, the architectural historian John Harris writing: "his villas, for example, were, and are, strikingly original in contrast to Campbell's, while Carné's Seat at Goodwood characterises the individual style Morris bestowed upon temple buildings".


title: Heanton Satchville, Huish

abstract: Heanton Satchville is an estate in the parish of Huish in Devon. It took its name from the nearby former ancient estate of Heanton Satchville, Petrockstowe. It is the seat of Baron Clinton who owns the largest private estate in Devon, known as Clinton Devon Estates.

text:
# Heanton Satchville, Huish

**Heanton Satchville** is an estate in the parish of Huish in Devon. It took its name from the nearby former ancient estate of Heanton Satchville, Petrockstowe. It is the seat of Baron Clinton who owns the largest private estate in Devon, known as Clinton Devon Estates.

## History

In 1797, shortly before the early death of Robert Trefusis, 17th Baron Clinton (1764–1797) at the age of 33, his ancient and grand mansion house at Heanton Satchville in the parish of Petrockstowe in Devon, burned down. His wife died a year after him, leaving a 10-year-old son and heir Robert Trefusis, 18th Baron Clinton (1787–1832), without a habitable residence. In 1812, on reaching his majority of 21, he purchased the manor of Huish, including the recently built mansion house known as Innes House, situated to the east across the valley from the destroyed Heanton Satchville. He abandoned the burnt-down house, which was razed to the ground without trace, renamed Innes House as "Heanton Satchville", and made it his new residence. On 18 December 1932 the mansion at Huish also burned down, but was rebuilt in 1937-8 by Charles John Robert Hepburn-Stuart-Forbes-Trefusis, 21st Baron Clinton (1863–1957) to the design of Sir Walter Tapper and Michael Tapper, in the late 17th-century style, in an H-shape, with modillion cornice and sash-windows. Bicton House, inherited from his paternal uncle Mark Rolle (d.1907) had nevertheless remained the 21st Baron's principal seat until his death in 1957. The 21st Baron Clinton died without male issue, and the title, having briefly fallen into abeyance, was eventually inherited in 1965 by Gerard Fane, the grandson of his eldest daughter Harriet Trefusis, who also inherited the vast Clinton estates and changed his surname to "Fane-Trefusis". Today Heanton Satchville remains the principal residence of the Fane-Trefusis family, Barons Clinton.


title: Hazel Soan

abstract:
Hazel Soan is a British artist working out of studios in London and Cape Town and on location throughout the world. She paints in watercolour and oil and is known particularly for her direct wet-into-wet watercolour approach and her use of rich pigment and strong contrasts of light and shade. Shape, interval and tone are her predominant subject matter. Figures, African wildlife and action are the main source of reference. Her work is represented in private and public collections worldwide, including the National Portrait Gallery, the Lister Institute, the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, the Ritz, other London and International Hotels, the British Embassy in Ankara and the EU Delegation in Windhoek.
Hazel has held numerous solo exhibitions, mainly in London and the UK, but also in Venezuela, Namibia and Zimbabwe. She has participated in mixed exhibitions, including Royal Academy, Barbican Centre, Midland Open, Mall Galleries, David Shepherd Wildlife Foundation. She was an Art Expert on Channel 4’s Watercolour Challenge and had her own series, Anglia TV’s Splash of Colour. She teaches painting techniques via books, DVD films, workshops, lectures and painting holidays, demonstrating the vibrant immediacy of the watercolour medium and the properties of watercolour pigments. She is the author of more than 15 books and contributes articles regularly to The Artist magazine and other art titles.

text:
# Hazel Soan

**Hazel Soan** is a British artist working out of studios in London and Cape Town and on location throughout the world.

She paints in watercolour and oil and is known particularly for her direct wet-into-wet watercolour approach and her use of rich pigment and strong contrasts of light and shade. Shape, interval and tone are her predominant subject matter. Figures, African wildlife and action are the main source of reference.

Her work is represented in private and public collections worldwide, including the National Portrait Gallery, the Lister Institute, the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, the Ritz, other London and International Hotels, the British Embassy in Ankara and the EU Delegation in Windhoek. Hazel has held numerous solo exhibitions, mainly in London and the UK, but also in Venezuela, Namibia and Zimbabwe. She has participated in mixed exhibitions, including Royal Academy, Barbican Centre, Midland Open, Mall Galleries, David Shepherd Wildlife Foundation.

She was an Art Expert on Channel 4’s Watercolour Challenge and had her own series, Anglia TV’s *Splash of Colour*.

She teaches painting techniques via books, DVD films, workshops, lectures and painting holidays, demonstrating the vibrant immediacy of the watercolour medium and the properties of watercolour pigments. She is the author of more than 15 books and contributes articles regularly to The Artist magazine and other art titles.


title: Heartstone (novel)

abstract: Heartstone is a historical mystery novel by British author C. J. Sansom. It is Sansom's sixth novel, and the fifth in the Matthew Shardlake Series. Set in the 16th century during the reign of King Henry VIII, the events of the novel take place in the summer of 1545. Shardlake and his assistant Barak travel to Portsmouth on a legal case given to them by an old servant of Queen Catherine Parr. The book also concerns preparations for the Battle of the Solent and the King's warship, the Mary Rose. The book introduces the young Princess Elizabeth in a minor role. An abridged audiobook on CD, narrated by Anton Lesser, was released by Macmillan Digital Audio in 2010. An unabridged audiobook, nearly 23 hours of narration performed by Steven Crossley, was released in 2011. In 2018, BBC Radio 4 aired a full-cast adaptation of the novel, dramatised by Colin MacDonald, with Justin Salinger starring as Shardlake.

text:
# Heartstone (novel)

***Heartstone*** is a historical mystery novel by British author C. J. Sansom. It is Sansom's sixth novel, and the fifth in the Matthew Shardlake Series. Set in the 16th century during the reign of King Henry VIII, the events of the novel take place in the summer of 1545. Shardlake and his assistant Barak travel to Portsmouth on a legal case given to them by an old servant of Queen Catherine Parr. The book also concerns preparations for the Battle of the Solent and the King's warship, the *Mary Rose*.

The book introduces the young Princess Elizabeth in a minor role.

An abridged audiobook on CD, narrated by Anton Lesser, was released by Macmillan Digital Audio in 2010. An unabridged audiobook, nearly 23 hours of narration performed by Steven Crossley, was released in 2011.

In 2018, BBC Radio 4 aired a full-cast adaptation of the novel, dramatised by Colin MacDonald, with Justin Salinger starring as Shardlake.

## Awards and honors

## InfoBox

Heartstone
| First edition cover | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | C. J. Sansom |
| Language | English |
| Series | Matthew Shardlake Series |
| Subject | Crime |
| Genre | Historical mystery |
| Publisher | Macmillan |
| Publication date | 2 September 2010 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Hardback |
| Pages | 633 |
| ISBN | 978-1405092739 |
| Preceded by | *Revelation* |
| Followed by | *Lamentation* |


title: Rolling Road station

abstract: Rolling Road station is a Virginia Railway Express station in Burke, Virginia. The station is served by the Virginia Railway Express Manassas Line. Amtrak Cardinal and Crescent trains; also use the line but do not stop at Rolling Road. The station platform was originally 380 feet (120 m) long and only able to accommodate five-car trains. A contractor was selected for a $5 million, 290-foot (88 m) extension of the platform in October 2020. Work began in early 2021 and was completed in 2022. A ribbon cutting ceremony was held on September 28th, 2022.

text:
# Rolling Road station

**Rolling Road station** is a Virginia Railway Express station in Burke, Virginia. The station is served by the Virginia Railway Express Manassas Line. Amtrak *Cardinal* and *Crescent* trains; also use the line but do not stop at Rolling Road.

The station platform was originally 380 feet (120 m) long and only able to accommodate five-car trains. A contractor was selected for a $5 million, 290-foot (88 m) extension of the platform in October 2020. Work began in early 2021 and was completed in 2022. A ribbon cutting ceremony was held on September 28th, 2022.

## InfoBox

| Rolling Road | |
| --- | --- |
| Rolling Road station in August 2018 with a Norfolk Southern Railway freight approaching. | |
| General information | |
| Location | 9016 Burke Road
Burke, Virginia
United States |
| Coordinates | 38°47′41″N 77°15′30″W / 38.79472°N 77.25833°W / 38.79472; -77.25833 |
| Line(s) | NS Washington District |
| Platforms | 1 side platform |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Connections | Metrobus: 17L |
| Construction | |
| Parking | 368 spaces |
| Bicycle facilities | Bicycle racks |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Fare zone | 4 |
| History | |
| Opened | 1992 |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Virginia Railway Express Following station  Burke Centretoward Broad Run  Manassas Line  Backlick Roadtoward Washington, D.C. | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |


title: Heather Anne Campbell

abstract: Heather Anne Campbell is an American writer, comedian, podcast host, and actress.

text:
# Heather Anne Campbell

**Heather Anne Campbell** is an American writer, comedian, podcast host, and actress.

## Life and career

Born in Chicago, Illinois, Campbell began studying improvisational comedy at iO Theater at the age of fifteen, under the tutelage of Del Close. Following a four-year stint of performing in Northwestern University's *Mee-Ow Show*, she relocated to Amsterdam in 2002 for three years as part of the comedy group Boom Chicago. In 2005, Campbell moved to Los Angeles and found work with multiple comedy clubs such as The Groundlings and the Upright Citizens Brigade Theater.

Campbell is an alumna of The Midnight Show, a monthly sketch showcase at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theater, and is a recurring performer on The CW's *Whose Line Is It Anyway*. Campbell was also a writer on Cartoon Network's *Incredible Crew*. In 2013, she began writing for Adult Swim's *The Eric Andre Show*. She has also written for Fox's Animation Domination, and is a voice talent behind various short clips on Fox's Animation Domination High-Def (ADHD). She was a recurring guest on Comedy Central's *@midnight*.

Campbell appeared on *MADtv* and was the featured singer in Improv Everywhere's *Food Court Musical*.

In 2009, Campbell played a featured character named "Pink" in the web series *MegaBot*.

In September 2010, Campbell was hired as a writer for Season 36 of *Saturday Night Live*. In March 2011, Campbell appeared in *Drew Carey's Improv-A-Ganza*, a shortform improv show that aired on GSN.

Campbell has also appeared in commercials for CiCi's Pizza, Wendy's, Toyota, and was featured in Activision's "Mapathy" campaign for the video game *Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2*. She has written several viral internet videos for *The Midnight Show*, including "Twilight with Cheeseburgers", "Bavatar", and "Drive Recklessly", which was nominated for The Comedy Awards on Comedy Central in 2012.

Campbell's photography has been selected by National Geographic as Photo of the Day, and her poster design work was featured as the back cover of *Adbusters*.

In addition, Campbell is also a video game journalist, and was editor of Dave Halverson's *Play Magazine* as well as Jeff Bond's *Geek Monthly* until their closure in 2010. Formerly, Campbell was also the Executive Editor of Fusion Publishing's *Rocket Magazine*, in addition to being a freelance contributor for Edge Online, Action Button, and *EGM*. She has written or co-written three episodes of the 2019 *Twilight Zone* series. Campbell was also hired as a writer for the sixth season of Adult Swim's *Rick and Morty*.

In June 2019, Campbell began co-hosting *Get Played* (formerly *How Did This Get Played?*), a podcast focused on unusual or poorly rated video games. In June 2022, Campbell began co-hosting spin-off podcast *Get Anime'd!*, with Get Played co-hosts Nick Wiger and Matt Apodaca.

Though once a libertarian, she has since renounced the label. Asked in a 2013 interview how her politics inform her writing, Campbell answered: "I don't go into pieces thinking 'how can I make a *libertarian* sketch. I never think that. It's what's *funniest*. And I think the best way to serve political Libertarianism is to just do the best work."

## Personal life

In October 2018, she came out on Instagram as part of National Coming Out Day. She has been in a relationship with screenwriter, playwright, and showrunner Mary Laws since 2019, and announced in 2023 on her podcast *Get Played* that the two had gotten married.

## Filmography

### Film

| Film | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2005 | *Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo* | Newscaster | Credited as Heather Campbell |
| 2015 | *Decision Election 2016 All-Star Clusterfuck* | Hillary Clinton | Short |
| 2017 | *Love In The Last Five Days* | Ellie | Short film |
| 2020 | *Crossing Over: Living in the Twilight Zone* | Herself | Documentary |
| TBA | *Underground Comedy* | Herself | Documentary
Post-production |

### Television

| Television | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2005 | *Mad TV* | Theater Manager | Season 11, episode 15: "Film Preview" |
| 2008 | *Musicals in Real Life* | Fast Food Worker | Season 1, episode 1: "Food Court Musical" |
| 2008–2013 | *The Midnight Show* | Jacqueline Kennedy / Dianne Feinstein | 25 episodes
Writer; 14 episodes
Producer; 1 episode
Director; 1 episode |
| 2010–2011 | *Saturday Night Live* |  | Writer; 22 episodes |
| 2011 | *Drew Carey's Improv-A-Ganza* | Herself | 8 episodes |
| | *KFC: PTSD* |  | Short
Cinematographer |
| 2012 | *First Dates with Toby Harris* | Janene | Season 1, episode 11: "Actors" |
| 2012–2013 | *Incredible Crew* | News Reporter / Teacher | 2 episodes
Writer; 13 episodes |
| 2012–2016 | *Animation Domination High-Def* | Various / Ash Ketchum / Pikachu | Voice; 53 episodes |
| 2013–2015 | *Key and Peele* | Writer #6 / Math Teacher | 2 episodes |
| | *Scientifically Accurate* |  | Voice; 5 episodes
Writer; 10 episodes |
| 2013–2021 | *Whose Line Is It Anyway?* | Herself | 14 episodes |
| 2014 | *The Eric Andre Show* |  | Writer; 20 episodes |
| 2015 | *Trevor Moore: High in Church* | Sycophant |  |
| | *Major Lazer* | Video Game Tournament Worker | Voice
Episode 8: "I, Killscreen" |
| | *Rooster Teeth: Entertainment System Originals* | Mom / Pinky Pop | 4 episodes
Writer; 3 episodes |
| | *Rooster Teeth Entertainment System* | Herself/Panelist | Season 1 episode 4: "DLC Fuckfest"
Writer; 3 episodes |
| | *Open Carrie* | Mitch | Short |
| 2015–2017 | *@midnight* | Herself | 8 episodes |
| 2016 | *Party Over Here* | Doctor / Various | 2 episodes
Writer |
| | *Trump vs. Bernie: Shout the Vote* |  | Consultant
Consultant writer |
| | *Comedy Bang! Bang!* | Dr. D. N. Ay | Season 5, episode 5: "T-Pain Wears Shredded Jeans and a Printed Shirt" |
| | *The Adventures of OG Sherlock Kush* | Maria | Voice; episode 2: "The Deadly Brothel" |
| | *Power Rangers Hurt Something* |  | Short
Writer |
| 2016–2017 | *AOK* | Mrs. Potts / Toad / Judge
Bowser Jr. / Piccolo / Gohan
Doctor / Teacher / Woman | Live action; 10 episodes
Voice; 3 episodes
Writer; 28 episodes |
| | *Brian Remus: Science Genius* | Claire / Claire Burton | 5 episodes |
| 2016–2020 | *American Dad!* | Chopper / Airport Terminal Announcer / Demolition Donkey
The Babe / Gina | Voice; 5 episodes |
| 2017 | *Final Fantasy XV Road Trip IRL* |  | Short
Writer |
| | *How to Video Games* | Herself | 17 episodes
Writer; 1 episode |
| | *Drive Share* | Driver | 8 episodes |
| | *Jean-Claude Van Johnson* | Script Supervisor | 2 episodes |
| 2018 | *Ghost Writer* | Demon Child | Episode 1: *Holy LaCroix* |
| 2018–2020 | *Corporate* | Kara | 2 episodes
Writer; 2 episodes |
| 2019 | *Miracle Workers* |  | Writer; season 1 episode 4: "6 Days" |
| 2019–2020 | *The Twilight Zone* |  | Co-executive producer; 10 episodes
Writer; 3 episodes |
| 2022–present | *Rick and Morty* |  | Co-executive producer
Writer; 3 episodes
Voice; Season 6, Episode 5: "Final Desmithation" |

### Podcasts

| Podcasts | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2015 | *Doughboys* | Guest | Episode: "Umami Burger with Heather Anne Campbell" |
| 2017 | *Doughboys* | Guest | Episode: "Claim Jumper with Heather Anne Campbell" |
| 2019–present | *Get Played* | Co-host |  |
| 2020 | *Hello from the Magic Tavern* | Couch the Sentient Couch | Season 3, episode 62: "Couch" |
| 2021 | *Harmontown* | Guest | Episode: "Harmontown Reunion!" |
| | *Going Deep* | Guest | Episode: "Culture Shock Catharsis with Nick Wiger & Heather Anne Campbell" |
| 2022 | *Comedy Bang! Bang!* | Guest | Episode: 756 |
| | The Neighborhood Listen | Louise | Episode: "The Confusing Gathering with Heather Anne Campbell" |
| | *Doughboys* | Guest | Episode: "Cold Stone Nintendo with Heather Anne Campbell and Matt Apodaca" |
| 2022–present | *Get Anime'd* | Co-host |  |

### Video games

| Video games | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2011 | *Sequence* | Jane |  |

## InfoBox

| Heather Anne Campbell | |
| --- | --- |
| Campbell in 2013 | |
| Born | Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Medium | Stage, television, film, podcasting |
| Genres | Improvisational comedy |
| Spouse | Mary Laws (m. 2023) |
| Notable works and roles | *Saturday Night Live*
*MADtv*
*Drew Carey's Improv-A-Ganza*
*Whose Line Is It Anyway?* |
| Website | heatherannecampbell.com |


title: Roman Catholic Diocese of Buxar

abstract: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Buxar in India was created on December 12, 2005. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Patna. The parish church "Mary Mother of Perpetual Help" in Buxar is the cathedral for the diocese. The diocese covers an area of 11,311 km² of the Patna state, comprising the districts Buxar, Bhojpur, Bhabua, and Rohtas. The territory was previously administrated by the Archdiocese of Patna. The Sone River marks the boundary between the dioceses Patna and Buxar to the southeast. Other dioceses bordering are Varanasi to the west, Muzaffarpur to the north, and Daltonganj to the south. The total population in the diocese is 5,781,132, of which 15,745 are Catholic. The diocese is subdivided into 13 parishes.

text:
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Buxar

The **Roman Catholic Diocese of Buxar** (Latin: *Dioecesis Buxarensis*) in India was created on December 12, 2005. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Patna. The parish church "Mary Mother of Perpetual Help" in Buxar is the cathedral for the diocese.

The diocese covers an area of 11,311 km² of the Patna state, comprising the districts Buxar, Bhojpur, Bhabua, and Rohtas. The territory was previously administrated by the Archdiocese of Patna. The Sone River marks the boundary between the dioceses Patna and Buxar to the southeast. Other dioceses bordering are Varanasi to the west, Muzaffarpur to the north, and Daltonganj to the south.

The total population in the diocese is 5,781,132, of which 15,745 are Catholic. The diocese is subdivided into 13 parishes.

## Leadership

* William D'Souza, S.J. (25 March 2006 – 1 October 2007)
* Sebastian Kallupura (21 June 2009 – 29 June 2018)

25°33′27″N 83°57′38″E / 25.5576°N 83.9606°E / 25.5576; 83.9606

## InfoBox

| Diocese of Buxar
**Dioecesis Buxarensis**
बक्सर के सूबा | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | India |
| Ecclesiastical province | Patna |
| Metropolitan | Patna |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 11,298 km2 (4,362 sq mi) |
| Population
- Total
- Catholics | (as of 2012)
10,342,000
25,434 (0.2%) |
| Parishes | 15 |
| Information | |
| Denomination | Catholic |
| *Sui iuris* church | Latin Church |
| Rite | Roman Rite |
| Cathedral | Cathedral of Mary Mother of Perpetual Help in Buxar |
| Patron saint | Our Lady of Perpetual Help |
| Current leadership | |
| Pope | Francis |
| Bishop elect | James Shekhar |
| Metropolitan Archbishop | William D'Souza |
| Website | |
| buxardiocese.com | |


title: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Eauze

abstract: The former Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Eauze, in Aquitaine, south-west France, existed from circa 300 to 879. Its Ancient cathedral was so utterly destroyed it hasn't even been located. The present Eauze Cathedral, dedicated to St. Luperculus, was built around 500 and became co-cathedral of the successor see Archdiocese of Auch in 1864.

text:
# Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Eauze

The former Roman Catholic **Metropolitan Archdiocese of Eauze** (Latin Elusa), in Aquitaine, south-west France, existed from circa 300 to 879.

Its Ancient cathedral was so utterly destroyed it hasn't even been located. The present Eauze Cathedral, dedicated to St. Luperculus, was built around 500 and became co-cathedral of the successor see Archdiocese of Auch in 1864.

## History

Elusa, capital of the Gallic Late Roman province of Novempopulania since Emperor Diocletian split if off from Gallia Aquitania, was also made its Metropolitan Archbishopric, plausibly soon after. Eauze remained known as *Elusa* in the early Middle Ages.

Its suffragan sees were, as attested in 506 at a council in Agde : Diocese of Auch, Diocese of Aire, Diocese of Bazas, Diocese of Dax, Diocese of Comminges, Diocese of Couserans, Diocese of Lectoure, Diocese of Lescar, Diocese of Oloron and Diocese of Tarbes. It 551 the Metropolitan hosted a synod in Euze attended by eight of his suffragans.

Historians dispute if the city itself was wrecked by Saracen incursion from Iberia in 721–722 or by 9th century Viking raids, but the bishopric was abandoned by mid 8th century.

The see may have been moved for mainly military reasons, around 850. It was suppressed in 879. The see was moved from Eauze to Auch, the territory becoming part of the diocese of Auch, whose Bishop Airardus was hence promoted and granted the title of Archbishop in 879.

## Residential Archbishops

The first historical mention of an (anonymous) bishop of Eauze is at the Council of Arles (314). Tradition assigns its foundation to a Saint Paternus, consecrated by Saint Saturninus, the apostle of the present Gers department. His four alleged successors (Saint Servandus, Saint Optatus, Saint Pompidianus and Taurinus) are only known from an AD 1106 document from the church of Auch (its successor), which claims the last transferred the see to Auch after the Vandals would have wrecked the city and ignores the later Metropolitans (except perhaps confounding Taurinus).

Apart from those, the Metropolitans and their (often disputed) historical record dates are :

* Mamertinus recorded in 314
* Clarus in 506
* Leontius in 511
* Saint Aspasius first in 533 - last in 551
* Labanus first in 573 - death circa 585
* Desiderius = Désidère (circa 585 – ?614)
* Leodomundus in 614
* Senoc(us) first term until 622
* Palladius in 626
* Sidocus (if not identical to Senoc) in 627
* Senoc(us) (or Sidocus) in 627, presumably second term until death 660
* Scupilius = Scupilio in 673/675)
* Paterne = Paternus (? – 722)
* Taurin(us) (? – 829?) would have translated the see to - and become Bishop of Auch (836? – ?).

1. Structurae, Cathédrale Saint-Luperc, retrieved: 2017-01-03.(in French).

### Bibliography - Reference works

* Gams, Pius Bonifatius (1873). *Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae: quotquot innotuerunt a beato Petro apostolo*. Ratisbon: Typis et Sumptibus Georgii Josephi Manz. (Use with caution; obsolete)
* Eubel, Conradus, ed. (1913). *Hierarchia catholica, Tomus 1* (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana. (in Latin)
* Eubel, Conradus, ed. (1914). *Hierarchia catholica, Tomus 2* (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana. (in Latin)
* Eubel, Conradus (ed.); Gulik, Guilelmus (1923). *Hierarchia catholica, Tomus 3* (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana. `{{cite book}}`: `|first1=` has generic name (help)
* Gauchat, Patritius (Patrice) (1935). *Hierarchia catholica IV (1592-1667)*. Münster: Libraria Regensbergiana. Retrieved 2016-07-06.
* Ritzler, Remigius; Sefrin, Pirminus (1952). *Hierarchia catholica medii et recentis aevi V (1667-1730)*. Patavii: Messagero di S. Antonio. Retrieved 2016-07-06.
* Ritzler, Remigius; Sefrin, Pirminus (1958). *Hierarchia catholica medii et recentis aevi VI (1730-1799)*. Patavii: Messagero di S. Antonio. Retrieved 2016-07-06.

### Bibliography - Studies

43°52′N 0°06′E / 43.86°N 0.10°E / 43.86; 0.10


title: Hausdorff space

abstract: In topology and related branches of mathematics, a Hausdorff space (, ), T2 space or separated space, is a topological space where distinct points have disjoint neighbourhoods. Of the many separation axioms that can be imposed on a topological space, the "Hausdorff condition" (T2) is the most frequently used and discussed. It implies the uniqueness of limits of sequences, nets, and filters. Hausdorff spaces are named after Felix Hausdorff, one of the founders of topology. Hausdorff's original definition of a topological space (in 1914) included the Hausdorff condition as an axiom.

text:
# Hausdorff space

In topology and related branches of mathematics, a **Hausdorff space** (/ˈhsdɔːrf/ *HOWSS-dorf*, /ˈhzdɔːrf/ *HOWZ-dorf*), **T2 space** or **separated space**, is a topological space where distinct points have disjoint neighbourhoods. Of the many separation axioms that can be imposed on a topological space, the "Hausdorff condition" (T2) is the most frequently used and discussed. It implies the uniqueness of limits of sequences, nets, and filters.

Hausdorff spaces are named after Felix Hausdorff, one of the founders of topology. Hausdorff's original definition of a topological space (in 1914) included the Hausdorff condition as an axiom.

## Definitions

Points $x$ and $y$ in a topological space $X$ can be *separated by neighbourhoods* if there exists a neighbourhood $U$ of $x$ and a neighbourhood $V$ of $y$ such that $U$ and $V$ are disjoint $(U\cap V=\varnothing )$. $X$ is a **Hausdorff space** if any two distinct points in $X$ are separated by neighbourhoods. This condition is the third separation axiom (after T0 and T1), which is why Hausdorff spaces are also called **T2 spaces**. The name *separated space* is also used.

A related, but weaker, notion is that of a **preregular space**. $X$ is a preregular space if any two topologically distinguishable points can be separated by disjoint neighbourhoods. A preregular space is also called an **R1 space**.

The relationship between these two conditions is as follows. A topological space is Hausdorff if and only if it is both preregular (i.e. topologically distinguishable points are separated by neighbourhoods) and Kolmogorov (i.e. distinct points are topologically distinguishable). A topological space is preregular if and only if its Kolmogorov quotient is Hausdorff.

## Equivalences

For a topological space *$X$*, the following are equivalent:

* $X$ is a Hausdorff space.
* Limits of nets in *$X$* are unique.
* Limits of filters on *$X$* are unique.
* Any singleton set $\\{x\\}\subset X$ is equal to the intersection of all closed neighbourhoods of *$x$*. (A closed neighbourhood of $x$ is a closed set that contains an open set containing $x$.)
* The diagonal *$\Delta =\\{(x,x)\mid x\in X\\}$* is closed as a subset of the product space *$X\times X$*.
* Any injection from the discrete space with two points to *$X$* has the lifting property with respect to the map from the finite topological space with two open points and one closed point to a single point.

## Examples of Hausdorff and non-Hausdorff spaces

Almost all spaces encountered in analysis are Hausdorff; most importantly, the real numbers (under the standard metric topology on real numbers) are a Hausdorff space. More generally, all metric spaces are Hausdorff. In fact, many spaces of use in analysis, such as topological groups and topological manifolds, have the Hausdorff condition explicitly stated in their definitions.

A simple example of a topology that is T1 but is not Hausdorff is the cofinite topology defined on an infinite set, as is the cocountable topology defined on an uncountable set.

Pseudometric spaces typically are not Hausdorff, but they are preregular, and their use in analysis is usually only in the construction of Hausdorff gauge spaces. Indeed, when analysts run across a non-Hausdorff space, it is still probably at least preregular, and then they simply replace it with its Kolmogorov quotient, which is Hausdorff.

In contrast, non-preregular spaces are encountered much more frequently in abstract algebra and algebraic geometry, in particular as the Zariski topology on an algebraic variety or the spectrum of a ring. They also arise in the model theory of intuitionistic logic: every complete Heyting algebra is the algebra of open sets of some topological space, but this space need not be preregular, much less Hausdorff, and in fact usually is neither. The related concept of Scott domain also consists of non-preregular spaces.

While the existence of unique limits for convergent nets and filters implies that a space is Hausdorff, there are non-Hausdorff T1 spaces in which every convergent sequence has a unique limit. Such spaces are called *US spaces*. For sequential spaces, this notion is equivalent to being weakly Hausdorff.

## Properties

Subspaces and products of Hausdorff spaces are Hausdorff, but quotient spaces of Hausdorff spaces need not be Hausdorff. In fact, *every* topological space can be realized as the quotient of some Hausdorff space.

Hausdorff spaces are T1, meaning that each singleton is a closed set. Similarly, preregular spaces are R0. Every Hausdorff space is a Sober space although the converse is in general not true.

Another property of Hausdorff spaces is that each compact set is a closed set. For non-Hausdorff spaces, it can be that each compact set is a closed set (for example, the cocountable topology on an uncountable set) or not (for example, the cofinite topology on an infinite set and the Sierpiński space).

The definition of a Hausdorff space says that points can be separated by neighborhoods. It turns out that this implies something which is seemingly stronger: in a Hausdorff space every pair of disjoint compact sets can also be separated by neighborhoods, in other words there is a neighborhood of one set and a neighborhood of the other, such that the two neighborhoods are disjoint. This is an example of the general rule that compact sets often behave like points.

Compactness conditions together with preregularity often imply stronger separation axioms. For example, any locally compact preregular space is completely regular. Compact preregular spaces are normal, meaning that they satisfy Urysohn's lemma and the Tietze extension theorem and have partitions of unity subordinate to locally finite open covers. The Hausdorff versions of these statements are: every locally compact Hausdorff space is Tychonoff, and every compact Hausdorff space is normal Hausdorff.

The following results are some technical properties regarding maps (continuous and otherwise) to and from Hausdorff spaces.

Let *$f\colon X\to Y$* be a continuous function and suppose $Y$ is Hausdorff. Then the graph of *$f$*, $\\{(x,f(x))\mid x\in X\\}$, is a closed subset of *$X\times Y$*.

Let *$f\colon X\to Y$* be a function and let $\ker(f)\triangleq \\{(x,x')\mid f(x)=f(x')\\}$ be its kernel regarded as a subspace of *$X\times X$*.

* If *$f$* is continuous and *$Y$* is Hausdorff then *$\ker(f)$* is a closed set.
* If *$f$* is an open surjection and *$\ker(f)$* is a closed set then *$Y$* is Hausdorff.
* If *$f$* is a continuous, open surjection (i.e. an open quotient map) then *$Y$* is Hausdorff if and only if *$\ker(f)$* is a closed set.

If *$f,g\colon X\to Y$* are continuous maps and *$Y$* is Hausdorff then the equalizer $\mbox{eq}(f,g)=\\{x\mid f(x)=g(x)\\}$ is a closed set in *$X$*. It follows that if *$Y$* is Hausdorff and *$f$* and *$g$* agree on a dense subset of *$X$* then *$f=g$*. In other words, continuous functions into Hausdorff spaces are determined by their values on dense subsets.

Let *$f\colon X\to Y$* be a closed surjection such that *$f^{-1}(y)$* is compact for all *$y\in Y$*. Then if *$X$* is Hausdorff so is *$Y$*.

Let *$f\colon X\to Y$* be a quotient map with *$X$* a compact Hausdorff space. Then the following are equivalent:

* *$Y$* is Hausdorff.
* *$f$* is a closed map.
* *$\ker(f)$* is a closed set.

## Preregularity versus regularity

All regular spaces are preregular, as are all Hausdorff spaces. There are many results for topological spaces that hold for both regular and Hausdorff spaces. Most of the time, these results hold for all preregular spaces; they were listed for regular and Hausdorff spaces separately because the idea of preregular spaces came later. On the other hand, those results that are truly about regularity generally do not also apply to nonregular Hausdorff spaces.

There are many situations where another condition of topological spaces (such as paracompactness or local compactness) will imply regularity if preregularity is satisfied. Such conditions often come in two versions: a regular version and a Hausdorff version. Although Hausdorff spaces are not, in general, regular, a Hausdorff space that is also (say) locally compact will be regular, because any Hausdorff space is preregular. Thus from a certain point of view, it is really preregularity, rather than regularity, that matters in these situations. However, definitions are usually still phrased in terms of regularity, since this condition is better known than preregularity.

See History of the separation axioms for more on this issue.

## Variants

The terms "Hausdorff", "separated", and "preregular" can also be applied to such variants on topological spaces as uniform spaces, Cauchy spaces, and convergence spaces. The characteristic that unites the concept in all of these examples is that limits of nets and filters (when they exist) are unique (for separated spaces) or unique up to topological indistinguishability (for preregular spaces).

As it turns out, uniform spaces, and more generally Cauchy spaces, are always preregular, so the Hausdorff condition in these cases reduces to the T0 condition. These are also the spaces in which completeness makes sense, and Hausdorffness is a natural companion to completeness in these cases. Specifically, a space is complete if and only if every Cauchy net has at *least* one limit, while a space is Hausdorff if and only if every Cauchy net has at *most* one limit (since only Cauchy nets can have limits in the first place).

## Algebra of functions

The algebra of continuous (real or complex) functions on a compact Hausdorff space is a commutative C\*-algebra, and conversely by the Banach–Stone theorem one can recover the topology of the space from the algebraic properties of its algebra of continuous functions. This leads to noncommutative geometry, where one considers noncommutative C\*-algebras as representing algebras of functions on a noncommutative space.

## Academic humour

* Hausdorff condition is illustrated by the pun that in Hausdorff spaces any two points can be "housed off" from each other by open sets.
* In the Mathematics Institute of the University of Bonn, in which Felix Hausdorff researched and lectured, there is a certain room designated the **Hausdorff-Raum**. This is a pun, as *Raum* means both *room* and *space* in German.

* Fixed-point space – Space where all functions have fixed points, a Hausdorff space *X* such that every continuous function *f* : *X**X* has a fixed point.
* Locally Hausdorff space
* Non-Hausdorff manifold – generalization of manifolds
* Quasitopological space – a set X equipped with a function that associates to every compact Hausdorff space K a collection of maps K→C satisfying certain natural conditions
* Separation axiom – Axioms in topology defining notions of "separation"
* Weak Hausdorff space – concept in algebraic topology

## InfoBox

| Separation axioms
in topological spaces | |
| --- | --- |
| Kolmogorov classification | |
| T0 | (Kolmogorov) |
| T1 | (Fréchet) |
| T2 | (Hausdorff) |
| T2½ | (Urysohn) |
| completely T2 | (completely Hausdorff) |
| T3 | (regular Hausdorff) |
| T3½ | (Tychonoff) |
| T4 | (normal Hausdorff) |
| T5 | (completely normal
Hausdorff) |
| T6 | (perfectly normal
Hausdorff) |
|  | |


title: Çamoba, Ezine

abstract: Çamoba is a village in the Ezine District of Çanakkale Province in Turkey. Its population is 192 (2021).

text:
# Çamoba, Ezine

**Çamoba** is a village in the Ezine District of Çanakkale Province in Turkey. Its population is 192 (2021).

## InfoBox

| Çamoba | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| ÇamobaLocation in TurkeyÇamobaÇamoba (Marmara) | |
| Coordinates: 39°50′23″N 26°11′03″E / 39.8397°N 26.1841°E / 39.8397; 26.1841 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Çanakkale |
| District | Ezine |
| Population (2021) | 192 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Çaybaşı, Oğuzeli

abstract: Çaybaşı, historically Cağdın, is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Oğuzeli, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Abdals of the Maya Sekenler tribe and had a population of 551 in 2022.

text:
# Çaybaşı, Oğuzeli

**Çaybaşı**, historically **Cağdın**, is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Oğuzeli, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Abdals of the Maya Sekenler tribe and had a population of 551 in 2022.

## InfoBox

| Çaybaşı | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| ÇaybaşıLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 37°0′53″N 37°30′28″E / 37.01472°N 37.50778°E / 37.01472; 37.50778 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Gaziantep |
| District | Oğuzeli |
| Population (2022) | 551 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Hausen, Lower Bavaria

abstract: Hausen is a municipality in the district of Kelheim in Bavaria in Germany.

text:
# Hausen, Lower Bavaria

**Hausen** is a municipality in the district of Kelheim in Bavaria in Germany.

## InfoBox

| Hausen | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Location of Hausen within Kelheim district | |
| Hausen Hausen | |
| Coordinates: 48°51′N 12°0′E / 48.850°N 12.000°E / 48.850; 12.000 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Bavaria |
| Admin. region | Niederbayern |
| District | Kelheim |
| Municipal assoc. | Langquaid |
| Government | |
| Mayor (202026) | Johannes Brunner |
| Area | |
| Total | 34.62 km2 (13.37 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 384 m (1,260 ft) |
| Population (2023-12-31) | |
| Total | 2,244 |
| Density | 65/km2 (170/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 93345 |
| Dialling codes | 09448 |
| Vehicle registration | KEH |
| Website | www.gemeinde-hausen.de |


title: Healesville railway station

abstract: Healesville is a railway station in Victoria, Australia. Formerly the terminus of the Healesville railway line, it is currently the principal station of the heritage Yarra Valley Railway. A temporary station was built on the site in 1888–1889 when the railway line was extended from Lilydale to Healesville. The current station was built in 1903 and is now listed with Heritage Victoria.

text:
# Healesville railway station

**Healesville** is a railway station in Victoria, Australia. Formerly the terminus of the Healesville railway line, it is currently the principal station of the heritage Yarra Valley Railway. A temporary station was built on the site in 1888–1889 when the railway line was extended from Lilydale to Healesville. The current station was built in 1903 and is now listed with Heritage Victoria.

## History

The station closed along with the Healesville line in 1980. It sat idle for some years, but has now been restored as part of the Yarra Valley Railway, which is based out of Healesville. It currently opens on weekends, Wednesdays of school holidays, and public holidays. Walker railmotor, RM22, runs approximately 4.5 km to near the TarraWarra Estate winery, after travelling through an historic tunnel.

The Yarra Valley Railway aims to restore the line from Healesville to Yarra Glen railway station. The Black Saturday bushfires on 7 February 2009 destroyed 13 timber trestle bridges between Healesville and Yarra Glen stations, which was a major setback in doing that.

Boom gates were installed at the Healesville-Kinglake Road level crossing in September 2022, along with the reconstruction of the level crossing.

Healesville station is now served by the route 685 bus, which runs between Lilydale and Healesville, and is operated by McKenzie's Tourist Services, under contract to Public Transport Victoria.

## Film and TV

Healesville railway station served as the location for the town's station, in the long-running ABC TV serial *Bellbird*. The Internet Movie Database lists the station as a filming location for the Australian short film *Harry's War* (1999). The station was used in the railway station scene in John D. Lamond's 1979 "Ozploitation" film, *Felicity*.

| Preceding station | Heritage railways | | | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Tarrawarra |  | Yarra Valley Railway |  | *Terminus* |
| **Entire line** | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Healesville | |
| --- | --- |
| Yarra Valley Railway station | |
| Station building and platform, May 2009 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Victoria, Australia |
| Coordinates | 37°39′18″S 145°30′37″E / 37.6549°S 145.5104°E / -37.6549; 145.5104 |
| Owned by | VicTrack |
| Operated by | Yarra Valley Railway |
| Line(s) | Healesville line |
| Platforms | 1 |
| Tracks | 3 |
| Bus routes | 685 Lilydale to Healesville (Via Yarra Glen Only) |
| Bus operators | McKenzies Bus Lines |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Ground |
| Parking | Yes |
| Bicycle facilities | No |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Status | Staffed on operating days |
| Station code | HVE |
| History | |
| Opened | 1 March 1889 |
| Closed | 12 September 1980 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Negraș

abstract: The Negraș is a left tributary of the river Doftana in Romania. It discharges into the Doftana in Trăisteni. Its length is 11 km (6.8 mi) and its basin size is 47 km⁲ (18 sq mi).

text:
# Negraș

The **Negraș** is a left tributary of the river Doftana in Romania. It discharges into the Doftana in Trăisteni. Its length is 11 km (6.8 mi) and its basin size is 47 km2 (18 sq mi).

## InfoBox

| Negraș | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Romania |
| Counties | Prahova County |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | Grohotiș Mountains |
|  | |
| Mouth | Doftana |
| location | Trăisteni |
| coordinates | 45°19′42″N 25°43′26″E / 45.3282°N 25.7240°E / 45.3282; 25.7240 |
| Length | 11 km (6.8 mi) |
| Basin size | 47 km2 (18 sq mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | DoftanaPrahovaIalomițaDanubeBlack Sea |
| Tributaries |  |
| left | Cărăbăneasa, Cucioaia, Valea Urșilor |


title: Hedningarna (album)

abstract: Hedningarna is the eponymous debut album by the Swedish band Hedningarna. It was released in 1989, when Hedningarna was still a group with three members. Unlike the other albums, the debut does not include amplified instruments and rhythm loops and is played entirely with acoustic instrumentation. Using various instruments, such as hurdy-gurdies, moraharpas, bagpipes and fiddles, the album proves Hedningarnas' ability to mix old and new styles, and the album honors the old Scandinavian musical traditions, while managing to combine these with more modern sounds. The album was later released on the NorthSide label.

text:
# Hedningarna (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |

***Hedningarna*** is the eponymous debut album by the Swedish band Hedningarna. It was released in 1989, when Hedningarna was still a group with three members. Unlike the other albums, the debut does not include amplified instruments and rhythm loops and is played entirely with acoustic instrumentation.

Using various instruments, such as hurdy-gurdies, moraharpas, bagpipes and fiddles, the album proves Hedningarnas' ability to mix old and new styles, and the album honors the old Scandinavian musical traditions, while managing to combine these with more modern sounds.

The album was later released on the NorthSide label.

## Track listing

* All song written by Anders Stake, except where noted.

1. Polska After Pelle Fors – 3:30 (trad.)
2. Förtvivlans Polska/Desperation Polska – 2:10
3. Häxpolskan/The Witch Polska – 2:23
4. Skavlåten/The Chafing Tune – 3:02
5. Ölbackens Polska – 4:05
6. Särna Gamla Brudmarsch/Old Särna Wedding March – 3:51 (trad.)
7. Multihalling – 2:58
8. Fulinghalling/Scamphalling – 5:33
9. Polska After Olof Tillman – 4:35 (trad.)
10. Doplåten/The Baptism Tune – 0:44
11. Polska After Hins Anders – 1:44
12. Lacknafta – 3:10
13. Björnlåten/The Bear Tune – 3:49 (trad.)

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Hedningarna | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Hedningarna | |
| Released | 1989 |
| Recorded | February 1989 |
| Studio | Tur-Teatern |
| Genre | Folk |
| Label | NorthSide |
| Producer | Jonas Simonnson, Niklas Billström |


title: Heart Butte Dam

abstract: Heart Butte Dam is a dam in Grant County of southwestern North Dakota. The dam was a project of the United States Bureau of Reclamation completed in 1949, primarily for irrigation and flood control. The earthen dam is 142 feet in height and impounds the Heart River. Lake Tschida is the reservoir created by the dam, with about 3400 acres of water surface, about 55 miles of shoreline, and with a capacity of over 214,000 acre-feet of water. The name Tschida comes from the first mayor of Glen Ullin, North Dakota, the Vienna-born Michael Tschida Sr., elected in 1906 and a strong proponent of the dam project. The Heart Butte Reservoir State Game Management Area stands on the southern shore of the lake. As the only sizable body of water in the area, it is popular for recreational fishing, camping, boating, and other activities.

text:
# Heart Butte Dam

**Heart Butte Dam** is a dam in Grant County of southwestern North Dakota. The dam was a project of the United States Bureau of Reclamation completed in 1949, primarily for irrigation and flood control. The earthen dam is 142 feet in height and impounds the Heart River.

**Lake Tschida** is the reservoir created by the dam, with about 3400 acres of water surface, about 55 miles of shoreline, and with a capacity of over 214,000 acre-feet of water. The name Tschida comes from the first mayor of Glen Ullin, North Dakota, the Vienna-born Michael Tschida Sr., elected in 1906 and a strong proponent of the dam project. The Heart Butte Reservoir State Game Management Area stands on the southern shore of the lake. As the only sizable body of water in the area, it is popular for recreational fishing, camping, boating, and other activities.

## InfoBox

| Heart Butte Dam | |
| --- | --- |
| Heart Butte, namesake of Heart Butte Dam | |
| Location of Heart Butte Dam in North Dakota | |
| Location | Grant County, North Dakota, United States. |
| Coordinates | 46°35′49″N 101°48′39″W / 46.59688°N 101.81075°W / 46.59688; -101.81075 |
| Construction began | 1948 (1948) |
| Opening date | 1949 (1949) |
| Operator(s) | United States Bureau of Reclamation |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Type of dam | Embankment earth fill |
| Impounds | Heart River |
| Height | 142 feet (43 m) |
| Length | 1,850 feet (560 m) |
| Dam volume | 1,140,000 cubic yards (870,000 m3) |
| Spillways | 1 Morning-glory type |
| Spillway capacity | 5,700 cfs at 1,644.4 feet msl pool elevation |
| Reservoir | |
| Creates | Lake Tschida |
| Total capacity | 223,646 acre-feet (0.275863 km3) |
| Surface area | 3,397 acres (1,375 ha) (max) |
| **Website**
Heart Butte Dam - U.S. Bureau of Reclamation | |


title: Rome Jazz Festival

abstract: The Roma Jazz Festival is a jazz event in the city of Rome, Italy. The Festival is organized by the International Music Festival Foundation (IMF).

text:
# Rome Jazz Festival

The **Roma Jazz Festival** is a jazz event in the city of Rome, Italy. The Festival is organized by the International Music Festival Foundation (IMF).

## History

In 1976, the Roma Jazz Festival was born amidst the ambiance of the “Roman Summer” demonstrations; however, after a few years, the festival took on its own identity in EUR area of Rome, performing on the main staircase of the Palazzo della Civiltà e del Lavoro. Subsequently, the event moved to the Tre Fontane area of Rome upon construction of the Euritmia performance venue. More recently, the festival transferred its location to the Foro Italico near the Roman Tennis Stadium.

In 1996, the festival renewed its identity transforming itself from a summer event to an autumn artistic celebration, bringing back music more suited to listening while also further elevating the musical and artistic talent.

The idea for the “Jazz Labels” project is due to the fortuitous recurrence, in 2009, of several historical anniversaries: 90 years from the first jazz album recorded in Italy, 70 years from the foundation of the American record company Blue Note, 50 years from the release of “Kind of Blue” by the Columbia, the best-selling album in jazz history (about 10 million copies) and, above all, regarded as the greatest jazz album of all time.

## Themes

Over the years, through the selection of new artist and musicians, the festival has focused on and voiced two central themes: The Great Jazz Cultural Expression of the 900’s and Jazz as Ecumenical Music so that, by way of the common language of music, the festival has united humankind around the world.

## Artists

The Roma Jazz Festival has presented its listeners more than 900 concerts during its 33 annual celebrations, with a total attendance of one million people.

Still today, the artist involved in this festival are among the most revered Italian and International interpreters of this music genre:

## InfoBox

| Roma Jazz Festival | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Location(s) | Rome, Italy |
| Website | www.romajazzfestival.it |


title: Ronald Smith (meteorologist)

abstract: Ronald Smith is the Damon Wells Professor in the department of Geology & Geophysics at Yale University. He leads Yale’s program in mesoscale meteorology and regional climate, and is the Director of the Yale Center for Earth Observation (YCEO).

text:
# Ronald Smith (meteorologist)

**Ronald Smith** is the Damon Wells Professor in the department of Geology & Geophysics at Yale University. He leads Yale’s program in mesoscale meteorology and regional climate, and is the Director of the Yale Center for Earth Observation (YCEO).

## Academic biography

Ronald Smith earned his Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in aerospace engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and Princeton University and his PhD in geophysics from Johns Hopkins University.

## Research

He is the PI of The DOMinica EXperiment, a project to measure orographic precipitation in the tropics. He is also the PI of the DEEPWAVE Project, which studies gravity waves generated in the troposphere that propagate upwards to the mesophere near New Zealand.

## Honors

He is a Fellow of the American Meteorological Society and won the Society’s Jule G. Charney Award in 2011.


abstract: The Health & Social Care Business Services Organisation was established in 2009 and is responsible for providing support services to various health and social work agencies in Northern Ireland. It was created from the now defunct Central Services Agency.

text:
# Health & Social Care Business Services Organisation

The **Health & Social Care Business Services Organisation** was established in 2009 and is responsible for providing support services to various health and social work agencies in Northern Ireland.

It was created from the now defunct Central Services Agency.

## InfoBox

Health & Social Care Business Services Organisation
| Predecessor | Central Services Agency |
| --- | --- |
| Formation | 2009 (2009) |
| Purpose | Providing support services to various health and social work agencies |
| Location | * Northern Ireland |


title: Roman Catholic Diocese of Izcalli

abstract: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Izcalli is based in the city of Cuautitlán Izcalli, State of Mexico, Mexico. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Tlalnepantla.

text:
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Izcalli

The **Roman Catholic Diocese of Izcalli** is based in the city of Cuautitlán Izcalli, State of Mexico, Mexico. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Tlalnepantla.

## History

On 9 June 2014 Pope Francis established the diocese from territory taken from the Diocese of Cuautitlán.

## Ordinaries

* Francisco González Ramos (2014-)

19°38′45″N 99°12′50″W / 19.6458°N 99.2140°W / 19.6458; -99.2140

## InfoBox

| Diocese of Izcalli | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Mexico |
| Ecclesiastical province | Tlalnepantla |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 533 km2 (206 sq mi) |
| Population
- Catholics | (as of 2014)
821,351 |
| Parishes | 33 |
| Information | |
| Denomination | Catholic Church |
| Rite | Roman Rite |
| Established | 9 June 2014 (10 years ago) |
| Cathedral | Catedral Santa María de la Anunciación |
| Current leadership | |
| Pope | Francis |
| Bishop | Francisco González Ramos |


title: Neglect

abstract: In the context of caregiving, neglect is a form of abuse where the perpetrator, who is responsible for caring for someone who is unable to care for themselves, fails to do so. It can be a result of carelessness, indifference, or unwillingness and abuse. Neglect may include the failure to provide sufficient supervision, nourishment, or medical care, or the failure to fulfill other needs for which the victim cannot provide themselves. The term is also applied when necessary care is withheld by those responsible for providing it from animals, plants, and even inanimate objects. Neglect can carry on in a child's life falling into many long-term side effects, including physical injuries, developmental trauma disorder, low self-esteem, attention disorders, violent behavior, and death.

text:
# Neglect

In the context of caregiving, **neglect** is a form of abuse where the perpetrator, who is responsible for caring for someone who is unable to care for themselves, fails to do so. It can be a result of carelessness, indifference, or unwillingness and abuse.

Neglect may include the failure to provide sufficient supervision, nourishment, or medical care, or the failure to fulfill other needs for which the victim cannot provide themselves. The term is also applied when necessary care is withheld by those responsible for providing it from animals, plants, and even inanimate objects. Neglect can carry on in a child's life falling into many long-term side effects, including physical injuries, developmental trauma disorder, low self-esteem, attention disorders, violent behavior, and death.

In English law, *neglect* is a term of art, identical to the (now deprecated) expression *lack of care* and different from the concept of *negligence*. Its sole function is to qualify a verdict returned at an inquest by finding that it was a factor that contributed to a death.

## Consequences of neglect

There are many different types of neglect but they all have consequences, whether it be physically or mentally.

### Child neglect

Neglect can affect the body physically by affecting a child's development and health, sometimes leading to chronic medical problems. Children experiencing neglect often suffer from malnutrition, which causes abnormal patterns for development. Not being given the proper nutrients at certain growth periods can result in stunted growth, and inadequate bone and muscle growth. Brain functioning and information processing may also be affected by neglect. This may lead to difficulty in understanding directions, poor understanding of social relationships, or the inability to complete academic tasks without assistance. Neglected children or adults can have physical injuries like fractures or severe burns that go untreated, or infections, lice and other signs of lack of care. There are many physical effects neglect can have on a person.

Not only is neglect associated with physical problems; it also has an effect on a person mentally, ranging from poor peer relationships to violent behavior. Not only is behavior affected, but the way a person looks at themselves, which can lead to low self-esteem and the feeling of being unwanted. Neglect is more severe in younger children when it comes to psychological consequences. Parental detachment can harm the child's development of bonding and attachment to the parents, causing the child's expectations to be the same when they get older (furthering the cycle of abuse). Too little parental availability can result in difficulties in problem solving, coping with stressful situations and social relationships. Studies of neglected children show heightened levels of depression and hopelessness, and higher incidents of suicide attempts.

The effects of neglect on child development are collectively called *deprivation*, the absence of environmental inputs needed for development. In this context, deprivation is often contrasted with *threat*, experiences involving harm or threat of harm.

## InfoBox

| Neglect | |
| --- | --- |
| Specialty | Pediatrics, Gerontology |


title: Neena Modi

abstract: Neena Modi is a British physician and Professor of Neonatal medicine at Imperial College London. She is the current president of the UK Medical Women’s Federation, and past president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, serving in this role from April 2015 to April 2018. She is one of only four women to ever hold this position.

text:
# Neena Modi

**Neena Modi** is a British physician and Professor of Neonatal medicine at Imperial College London. She is the current president of the UK Medical Women’s Federation, and past president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, serving in this role from April 2015 to April 2018. She is one of only four women to ever hold this position.

## Early life and education

Modi describes herself as coming from a multicultural background. She qualified from the University of Edinburgh. She undertook specialist training in neonatal medicine at University College Hospital London, and the University of Liverpool.

## Research and career

Modi is a Professor of Neonatal Medicine at Imperial College London. She is also an Honorary Consultant in Neonatal Medicine in Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust. Moodi advocates for child health, gender equity, and equitable access to healthcare. She has called for lowering of the voting age to 16 years, and for the UK National Health Service to be restored as a primarily publicly funded and publicly delivered healthcare service.

A practicing clinician and academic lead of a multidisciplinary neonatal research program, Modi's research interests include nutritional and other perinatal determinants of lifelong metabolic health, medical ethics, and child health. In 2007 she led the establishment of the prize-winning UK National Neonatal Research Database. She now directs this national and international resource that contains detailed information on all admissions to neonatal units in England, Wales and Scotland, for research, quality improvement, audit, and surveillance. In 2012, she established the UK Neonatal Collaborative, with the aim of developing the use of clinical electronic data to support neonatal services and research. She directs the "Neonatal Update: the Science of Newborn Care" an annual weeklong international academic meeting held in London.

## Academic service

During her career she has served, among many other roles, as President of the UK Neonatal Society (2012-15), President of the Academic Paediatrics Association of Great Britain and Ireland (2014-15), chair of the British Medical Journal Ethics Committee \[3\] (2009-2015), and Chair of the NHS England Infant, Children and Young People Patient Safety Expert Group (2010-2014). During her tenure as Vice President for Research at the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (2009-2014), she was lead author on the RCPCH Turning the Tide report highlighting the need to strengthen child health research in the UK.

She was elected as President of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health in December 2014, taking up the role on 29 April 2015. Her 3-year term ended in 2018. She is a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (London), Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health and Academy of Medical Sciences. She was awarded honorary fellowship of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine in 2017 and the British Association of Perinatal Medicine in 2015. In 2021 she became President of the British Medical Association.

## Personal life

Modi is married and has two children.

## Publications

* Mills L, Modi N (July 2015). "Clinician enteral feeding preferences for very preterm babies in the UK". *Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition*. **100** (4): F372–3. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2014-308110. PMID 25956669. S2CID 29900942.
* Parkinson JR, Hyde MJ, Gale C, Santhakumaran S, Modi N (April 2013). "Preterm birth and the metabolic syndrome in adult life: a systematic review and meta-analysis". *Pediatrics*. **131** (4): e1240–63. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-2177. PMID 23509172. S2CID 2021871.
* Battersby C, Santhalingam T, Costeloe K, Modi N (January 2018). "Incidence of neonatal necrotising enterocolitis in high-income countries: a systematic review". *Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition*. **103** (2): F182–F189. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2017-313880. hdl:10044/1/57073. PMID 29317459. S2CID 206861623.
* Achana F, Petrou S, Khan K, Gaye A, Modi N (January 2018). "A methodological framework for assessing agreement between cost-effectiveness outcomes estimated using alternative sources of data on treatment costs and effects for trial-based economic evaluations". *The European Journal of Health Economics*. **19** (1): 75–86. doi:10.1007/s10198-017-0868-8. PMC 5773681. PMID 28180977.
* Modi N, Clark H, Wolfe I, Costello A, Budge H, Goodier R, Hyde MJ, Lumsden D, Prayle A, Roland D (January 2013). "A healthy nation: strengthening child health research in the UK". *Lancet*. **381** (9860): 73–87. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61818-2. PMID 23176802. S2CID 205967699.

## InfoBox

| Neena Moodi | |
| --- | --- |
| Modi in *Microbirth*, 2015 documentary | |
| Alma mater | University of Edinburgh |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Institutions | Imperial College London <br>Chelsea and Westminster Hospital |
|  | |


title: Hegedüs government

abstract: The Hegedüs government led Hungary for eighteen months, spanning from April 18, 1955 to October 24, 1956. It officially operated as the Council of Ministers of the Hungarian People's Republic and was helmed by András Hegedüs, who served as the Chairman of the Council of Ministers.

text:
# Hegedüs government

The **Hegedüs government** led Hungary for eighteen months, spanning from April 18, 1955 to October 24, 1956. It officially operated as the Council of Ministers of the Hungarian People's Republic and was helmed by András Hegedüs, who served as the Chairman of the Council of Ministers.

## Background

In the aftermath of World War II, the country embarked on the construction of a socialist foundation based on the Stalinist model. The challenges of rebuilding the economy and industrializing in the face of limited resources were compounded by internal disputes within the ruling Hungarian Working People's Party, particularly regarding political and economic strategies.

Matyas Rakosi, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Hungarian Working People's Party, pursued orthodox Stalinist policies, emulating those implemented in the USSR. By the end of 1949, extensive nationalization had taken place, bringing key sectors under state control. The accelerated collectivization of agriculture commenced, with 1,500 production cooperatives established by the middle of the year. Rakosi, faced with international tensions and the outbreak of the Korean War, believed in expediting the establishment of socialism, even resorting to reprisals.

A counterposition emerged, led by Imre Nagy, a former Minister of Agriculture (Hungary) known for overseeing agrarian reform. Nagy criticized Rakosi's approach, advocating for socialist reform. The death of Joseph Stalin in 1953 weakened Rakosi's position, as new Soviet leaders favored moderate reforms and a departure from Stalinism. In July 1956, Imre Nagy replaced Rakosi as the head of the government, steering away from forced industrialization and promoting democratization.

However, Nagy's tenure faced opposition, leading to his condemnation by the Central Committee in March 1955. Despite this, Nagy retained support, especially among intellectuals, youth, and certain press organs. Unable to reinstate himself or appoint loyal comrades to key positions, Rakosi supported the candidacy of András Hegedüs, a 33-year-old ally, as the head of the Council of Ministers.

Hegedüs, aligned with Rakosi's policies, collaborated with the Rákosi group in sidelining Nagy's supporters and implemented a Five-Year Plan. The government signed the Warsaw Pact on May 14, 1955. During the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, Hegedüs initially supported Ernő Gerő, but later, as the situation evolved, left his post along with most of his cabinet members.

## Composition

| Portfolio | Minister | Party |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Chairman of the Council of Ministers | **András Hegedüs** | Hungarian Workers' Party |
| First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers | Ernő Gerő (until July 30, 1956)
István Hidas (from July 30, 1956) | Hungarian Workers' Party |
| Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers | Antal Apro | Hungarian Workers' Party |
| Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers | Ferenc Erdei (until November 15, 1955)
István Hidas (until July 30, 1956)
György Marosan | Hungarian Workers' Party |
| Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers | Joseph Mekis | Hungarian Workers' Party |
| Minister of State Control | Árpád Házi | Hungarian Workers' Party |
| Minister of Economy | György Pogácsás | Hungarian Workers' Party |
| Minister of Mines and Energy | Sándor Czottner | Hungarian Workers' Party |
| Minister of Taxes and Duties | András Szobek | Hungarian Workers' Party |
| Interior Minister | Laszlo Piros | Hungarian Workers' Party |
| Minister of Domestic Trade | József Bognár (until April 14, 1956)
Janos Tausz (from April 14, 1956) | Hungarian Workers' Party |
| Minister of Health | Joseph Roman | Hungarian Workers' Party |
| Minister of Food | Iván Altomáré (until July 30, 1956)
Rezső Nyers (from July 30, 1956) | Hungarian Workers' Party |
| Minister of Construction | Lajos Szíjártó | Hungarian Workers' Party |
| Minister of Agriculture | Ferenc Erdei (until November 15, 1955)
Janos Matolcsy (from November 15, 1955) | Hungarian Workers' Party |
| Minister of Defense | István Bata | Hungarian Workers' Party |
| Justice Minister | Erik Molnár | Hungarian Workers' Party |
| Minister of Metallurgy and Mechanical Engineering | Janos Csergő | Hungarian Workers' Party |
| Minister of Light Industry | Béla Szalai (until September 8, 1955)
Józsefné Nagy (from September 8, 1955) | Hungarian Workers' Party |
| Minister of Transport and Postal Service | Lajos Bebrits | Hungarian Workers' Party |
| Minister of Foreign Trade | László Háy (until April 14, 1956)
József Bognár (from April 14, 1956) | Hungarian Workers' Party |
| Foreign Minister | Janos Boldocki (until July 30, 1956)
Imre Horváth (from July 30, 1956) | Hungarian Workers' Party |
| Minister of Culture | József Darvas | Hungarian Workers' Party |
| Minister of Public Education | Tibor Erdey-Grúz (d 30 July 1956)
Albert Kónya (d 30 July 1956) | Hungarian Workers' Party |
| Minister of Finance | Karoly Olt | Hungarian Workers' Party |
| Minister of Coal Industry | Sandor Czottner | Hungarian Workers' Party |
| Minister of City and Municipal Administration | Janos Shabo | Hungarian Workers' Party |
| Minister of Chemical and Energy Industry | Árpád Kiss | Hungarian Workers' Party |
| Minister of Chemical Industry | Gergely Szabó | Hungarian Workers' Party |
| Chairman of the National Planning Committee | Andor Berei | Hungarian Workers' Party |
|

## Literature

* T. M. Islamov, A. I. s, V. P. Shusharin. (1991). *Brief history of Hungary. From ancient times to the present day* (PDF). M.: Nauka. p. 608. ISBN 5-02-009913-9.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
* S. Y. Lavrenov, I. M. Popov. (2003). *Soviet Union in local wars and conflicts*. M.: LLC "ACT Publishing House". p. 778. ISBN 5-271-05709-7.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Hegedüs cabinet | |
| --- | --- |
|
51st Cabinet of Hungary | |
| Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Hungarian People's Republic András Hegedüs | |
| Date formed | 18 April 1955 (1955-04-18) |
| Date dissolved | 24 October 1956 (1956-10-24) |
| People and organisations | |
| Chairman of the Presidential Council | István Dobi |
| First Secretary of the Hungarian Working People's Party | Mátyás Rákosi (April 18th, 1955 - July 18, 1956)
Ernő Gerő (from July 18, 1956) |
| Chairman of the Council of Ministers | András Hegedüs |
| Deputy Chairmen of the Council of Ministers | Ernő GerőIstván HidasAntal AproFerenc ErdeiGyörgy MarosanJoseph Mekis |
| No. of ministers | 28 |
| Member party | Hungarian Working People's Party (as part of Patriotic People's Front) |
| Status in legislature | Total control 298 / 298(100%) |
| History | |
| Election | 1953 |
| Predecessor | I. Nagy I |
| Successor | I. Nagy II |


title: Ron Link (singer)

abstract: Ron Link is a Dutch singer and actor in musical theatre.

text:
# Ron Link (singer)

**Ron Link** (Nijmegen, 22 September 1979) is a Dutch singer and actor in musical theatre.

## Career

He began his career as a model for a sauna promotion. In 2004, he competed in the Dutch version *Idols* where he managed to reach the final 10 but was ultimately voted off in the third round, making him the eighth finalist. Since then he has made numerous appearances on television programs in the Netherlands.

In 2006, he was chosen in the TV show *Wie Wordt Tarzan?* (Who is going to be Tarzan?) to play Tarzan in the Dutch version of the musical. The program had one of the highest audience shares of any television program in the Netherlands. Link is played the role in the Netherlands and continued with the production when it moved to Sweden. In preparing for the role, Link got to work with such notable artists as Phil Collins. In 2007, he was awarded with the Nashuatec Musical Award (John Kraaijkamp Musical Award) for new musical talent. Link was seen in cabaret group Purple in 2011.

In 2012, he competed on season 3 of *The Voice of Holland*, where he was chosen to be on Trijntje Oosterhuis' team.

In 2013, he was performing as lead singer of the Dutch band Colibri.

## Personal life

Link was in a committed relationship with fellow *Idol* star Jamai Loman from 2004 when they met on the program, but they broke up in 2008.


title: Neena Kurup

abstract: Neena Kurup is an Indian actress who appears in Malayalam films and television series in supporting roles to character roles.

text:
# Neena Kurup

**Neena Kurup** is an Indian actress who appears in Malayalam films and television series in supporting roles to character roles.

## Filmography

List of Neena Kurup film credits
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1987 | *Sreedharante Onnam Thirumurivu* | Aswathy | Debut |
| 1993 | *Naarayam* | Hazeez's wife, Hajiyar's daughter |  |
| | *City Police* | Handicapped & kidnapped lady |  |
| | *Porutham* | Hema |  |
| 1994 | *Njan Kodiswaran* | Indu |  |
| | *Sraadham* |  |  |
| | *Snehadooth* | - |  |
| 1998 | *Punjabi House* | Karishma |  |
| | *Sagaracharitham* | Sreedevi |  |
| 2004 | *Rasikan* | Shailaja | Comeback film |
| 2005 | *Lokanathan IAS* | Collector |  |
| | *Pandippada* | Suma |  |
| 2007 | *Kaiyoppu* | Lalitha |  |
| 2011 | *Pusthakam* | Mallika |  |
| | *Violin* | Rose |  |
| | *Steps* | - |  |
| 2012 | *Thalsamayam Oru Penkutty* | Priya |  |
| 2013 | *Ente/Naa Bangaaru Talli* | Durga's mother | Malayalam-Telugu Bilingual film |
| | *Bangles* | Adv.Supriya |  |
| 2014 | *Vellivelichathil* | Annie |  |
| | *Villali Veeran* | Rukmini |  |
| | *Ring Master* | Mini |  |
| | *Koothara* | Ammini |  |
| | *Endrum Ilamai* | - | Tamil film |
| 2015 | *One Second Please* | - |  |
| | *Tharakangale Saakshi* | Sulu |  |
| | *KL 10 Patthu* | Raseena Abdullah |  |
| | *Kanthari* | Doctor |  |
| | *Namasthe Bali* | Gracy Anto |  |
| 2016 | *Ore Mukham* | Rema |  |
| | *Kattappanayile Rithwik Roshan* | Neethu's mother |  |
| | *Girls/ Thiraikku Varadha Kathai* | Psychologist | Malayalam-Tamil bilingual film |
| | *Chinna Dada* | Vanaja |  |
| | *Mudhugauv* | Lakshmi |  |
| | *Ithu Thaanda Police* | Elsamma |  |
| | *Pachakkallam* | Aunty |  |
| | *Chennai Koottam* | Maami | Malayalam-Tamil bilingual film |
| | *168 Hours* | Sherly |  |
| | *Sughamaayirikkatte* | - |  |
| 2017 | *Karutha Sooryan* | Saudamini |  |
| | *Lava Kusha* | Nancy |  |
| | *Solo* | Victim' wife | (Segment:World of Siva)<br>Malayalam -Tamil bilingual film |
| | *Aakashathinum Bhoomikkumidayil* | Kamala |  |
| | *Bobby* | Ajay's mother |  |
| | *Vilakkumaram* | Kalyaniyamma |  |
| | *Kuppivala* | Jaya Sethu |  |
| | *Hello Dubaikkaran* | Sreedevi |  |
| | *Devayanam* | - |  |
| 2018 | *Theevandi* | Devi's mother, Shailaja |  |
| | *B.Tech* | Smitha Subramaniam |  |
| | *Hey Jude* | Maria Dominic |  |
| | *Street Lights* | Mariyamma | Malayalam-Tamil Bilingual film |
| | *Snehakoodu* | Sneha's mother |  |
| | *Mutalaq* | Swamini |  |
| | *Jungle.com* | Maya teacher |  |
| | *Theekuchiyum Panithulliyum* | Mary |  |
| | *Thobama* | Sindhu |  |
| | *Lolans* | Teacher Parvathi |  |
| | *Nimisham* | - |  |
| | *Yours Lovingly* | - |  |
| | *Velakkari Aayirunnalum Nee Enn Mohanavalli* | - |  |
| | *Angane Njanum Premichu* | - |  |
| | *Dust Bin* |  |  |
| 2019 | *Oru Nalla Kottayamkkaran* | Eliyamma |  |
| | *Red Signal* | Herself |  |
| | *Manoharam* | Sumathi |  |
| | *Poovalliyum Kunjadum* | Indira |  |
| | *Ambili* | Luci Kuriachan |  |
| | *Ormayil Oru Shishiram* | Jalaja |  |
| | *Appuvinte Sathyanweshanam* | Lakshmi |  |
| | *Mafi Dona* | Gheetha |  |
| | *Luca* | Adv. Amala |  |
| | *Allu Ramendran* | Amruthesh's mother |  |
| | *Bolivia* | Jessy |  |
| | *Mera Pyari Deshwasyom* | Kalyani |  |
| | *Kosrakkollikal* | Anwar's mother |  |
| | *Theerumanam* | Muthulakshmi |  |
| | *Elakal Pacha Pookkal Manja* | Teacher |  |
| | *Gramavasees* |  |  |
| | *Vishudha Pusthakam* |  |  |
| 2020 | *Love FM* | Raziya |  |
| | *Sameer* | Nasi's mother |  |
| | *Vahni* | Adv. Asha Menon |  |
| | *Paapam Cheyyathavar Kalleriyatte* | Jancy |  |
| 2021 | *Cabin* | Sharatha |  |
| | *Kanakam Moolam* | Asst. Commissioner of Police |  |
| | *Pranayamrutham* | Kousalya |  |
| | *Ole Kanda Naal* | Suhara |  |
| | *Confessions of a Cuckoo* | Nidhi |  |
| 2022 | *Thallumaala* | Wazim's mother |  |
| | *Last 6 Hours* | Mother | Malayalam - Tamil bilingual film |
| | *Autorickshawkarante Bharya* | Radhika's mother |  |
| | *5il Oral Thaskaran* | Janaki |  |
| | *God Bless You* | Clara's mom |  |
| | *Anandakalyanam* | Aashique's umma |  |
| | *Alli* | Sumathiyamma |  |
| | *Prathi Niraparathiyano* | Rohini teacher |  |
| | *Kochaal* | Gracy |  |
| | *Pothumthala* | - |  |
| | *Swami Saranam* | - |  |
| | *Porkalam* | - |  |
| | *Mahi* | - |  |
| 2023 | *Christy* | Elizabeth |  |
| | *Dear Vaappi* | Ramla |  |
| | *Khali Purse of Billionaires* | Nidhi's mother |  |
| | *Aalankam* | - |  |
| | *Within Seconds* |  |  |
| | *Madhura Manohara Moham* | Suseela |  |
| | *Pendulum* | Dr. Shabnam |  |
| | *Ottamaram* | Bharathi |  |
| | *Mr. Hacker* |  |  |
| | *Voice of Sathyanathan* | Susan's mother |  |
| | *Queen Elizabeth* |  |  |
| 2024 | *Vivekanandan Viralanu* |  |  |

## Television

Serials

Neena has acted in nearly 75 serials. Some are mentioned below.
| Year | title | channel | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2023 | Kudumbavilakku | Asianet | Kanaka | Cameo |
| 2023–present | Patharamattu | Asianet | Kanaka Durga |  |
| 2021-2022 | Manassinakkare | Surya TV | Swamini |  |
| 2021–2024 | Kaliveedu | Surya TV | Arunima |  |
| 2019-2020 | Chackoyum Maryyum | Mazhavil Manorama | Alice |  |
| 2018 | Bhagyajathakam | Mazhavil Manorama | Vasanthi |  |
| 2018 | Gowri | Surya TV |  |  |
| 2017 | Guru | Jaihind TV |  |  |
| 2016 | Jagratha | Amrita TV |  |  |
| 2015 | Indu Lekha | Media One |  |  |
| 2014 | Aathira | Sun TV | Suseela | Tamil serial |
| 2013 | Hridhayam Saakshi | Mazhavil Manorama) | Seema |  |
| 2013 | Nilapakshi | Kairali TV | Saradha |  |
| 2013 | Innale | Surya TV |  |  |
| 2013 | Pathinu Pathu | Surya TV |  |  |
| 2012 | Sreekrishnan | Surya TV |  |
| 2012 | Aayirathil Oruval | Mazhavil Manorama |  |  |
| 2011-2012 | John De Panic | Mazhavil Manorama |  |  |
| 2010-2011 | Chakravakam | Surya TV |  |  |
| 2010 | Ponnum Poovum | Amrita TV |  |  |
| 2007 | Nandanam | Surya TV |  |  |
| 2004 | Meghasangeetham | DD Malayalam |  |  |
| 2004 | Culcutta Hospital | Surya TV |  | Comeback series |
| 2000 | Pravesham | DD Malayalam |  |  |
| 1999 | Koomankolli | |  |  |
| 1998 | Dhambathyam | |  |  |
| 1998 | Manjukaalam Mohicha Penkutty | |  |  |
| 1997 | Soumini | |  |  |
| 1997 | Periyattin Theerathu | |  |  |
| 1997 | Eka Tharakam | |  |  |
| 1997 | Paying Guest | Asianet |  |  |
| 1997 | Ladies Hostel | DD Malayalam |  |  |
| 1996 | Gopika | |  |  |
| 1996 | Manasi | |  |  |
| 1995 | Michaelinte Sandhathikal | | Lekha |  |
| 1994 | Kanakachilanga | |  |  |
|  | Ushasandhya | |  |  |
|  | Samaksham | |  |  |
|  | Karppooram | |  |  |
|  | Midukki | |  |  |

Telefilms * Parppidam as Lathika
* Nanma Niranja Umma
* Kaathirikkathe
* Manushyaputhri
* Dany's as Ancy

Reality Shows

**TV Shows as a presenter**

* Merchants of India (Surya TV)
* Dubai Shopping Festival
* Vaalkannadi
* Tang 'Quiz the Whiz'
* Philips Top Ten
* Paattupetti
* Wedding Bells
* May Flower
* Huggies Baby Contest (judge)

**Commercials**

* Geebon
* Emmanuval Silks
* Big Bazar
* Manu Granite Gallery
* CDC Cashew
* Kerala Times
* Ano Washing Powder
* Mazhavil FM
* Vanitha
* D Tabata
* Kanyaka
* Silk Yarns
* Robinfood
* Zomato Max Safety
* KCBC Matrimony
* Hyundai
* TGM Jewels
* Oppo
* Jet On Travels

## Other works

### Short films

List of Neena Kurup short film credits
| Year | Film | Role |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | Ammayariyathe | Bindhu |
| 2007 | Minnaminnikal | Teacher |
| 2014 | Heads Or Tails | Mary |
| 2015 | The Beggar | Mrs.Nambiar |
| 2016 | Bahubali Kudikkarilla | Mary |
| 2017 | Tag | Sera's mother |
| 2017 | Bhakthi | Amritha's Amma |
| 2019 | Barbie | Shobha |
| 2019 | Best Actor | Mother |
| 2019 | Therali | Gladis |
| 2020 | Messenger | Mary |
| 2020 | Maattam | Mrs. Williams |
| 2020 | Nyayapramanam | Jessy |
| 2020 | Vinnil Ninnoru Thaaram | Zahi's mother |
| 2020 | Ammaye Orkkan |  |
| 2021 | Women's Day | Sumithra |
| 2021 | Luyi | Maria |
| 2022 | Kalyanaprayam Aayille | Clara |
| 2022 | The Epitaph | Hajara |
| 2022 | Njan Ponmutta Idunna Poovan Kozhi (Webseries) | Unni's mother |
| 2022 | Shiva | Shiva's mother |
| 2022 | Ilanjippoo (Musical album) | Mother |
| 2023 | NO - Never Opt | Neena teacher |
| 2023 | Ente Makal | Dr. Meenakshi |
|  | Shiva 2 |  |
|  | Achayathi |  |

### Play

* Swantham Lekhakan

## InfoBox

| Neena Kurup | |
| --- | --- |
| Kurup in 2019 | |
| Born | Kozhikode, Kerala, India |
| Occupations |  |
| Years active | 1991–present |
| Spouses | *   Kannan  (m. 1998; div. 2001) *   Gopinath  (m. 1996; div. 1997) |
| Children | 1 |