title: One Night in Indy

abstract: One Night in Indy is a live album released in 2016 by Resonance Records that features Wes Montgomery and the Eddie Higgins Trio and comprises recordings made in 1959. The album was a promotion for Record Store Day and has received positive reviews.

text:
# One Night in Indy

***One Night in Indy*** is a live album released in 2016 by Resonance Records that features Wes Montgomery and the Eddie Higgins Trio and comprises recordings made in 1959. The album was a promotion for Record Store Day and has received positive reviews.

## Reception

Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic gave the album 3.5 out of five stars, citing the exciting tempo and the "mellow yet lively interplay" between musicians as strengths while criticizing the quality of the audio. Writing for *JazzTimes*, Colin Fleming praised Montgomery's virtuosity and Higgins' piano work. In PopMatters, John Paul awarded the recording 7/10, agreeing that the stars are Higgins and Montgomery, summing up, "Hearing these two giants together, while not quite at the level of Coltrane and Monk, is nonetheless a thrillingly enjoyable spectacle."

## Track listing

1. "Give Me the Simple Life" (Rube Bloom and Harry Ruby) – 9:15
2. "Prelude to a Kiss" (Duke Ellington, Irving Gordon, and Irving Mills) – 5:52
3. "Stompin' at the Savoy" (Benny Goodman, Edgar Sampson, and Chick Webb) – 7:12
4. "Li'l Darling" (Neal Hefti) – 8:09
5. "Ruby, My Dear" (Thelonious Monk) – 8:34
6. "You'd Be Nice to Come Home To" (Cole Porter) – 2:51

## Personnel

**Technical personnel**

## InfoBox

| One Night in Indy | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Wes Montgomery and the Eddie Higgins Trio | |
| Released | January 15, 2016 (2016-01-15) |
| Recorded | January 18, 1959 |
| Venue | Indianapolis Jazz Club, Indianapolis, Indiana |
| Genre | hard bop |
| Length | 41:53 |
| Language | Instrumental |
| Label | Resonance |
| Producer | Zev Feldman |
| Wes Montgomery and the Eddie Higgins Trio chronology | |
| *Echoes of Indiana Avenue*
(2012) ***One Night in Indy***
(2016) | |


title: Pimelea lehmanniana

abstract: Pimelea lehmanniana is a species of flowering plant in the family Thymelaeaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a shrub with narrowly egg-shaped leaves and clusters of white to pale yellow flowers surrounded by 4 or 6, pale yellowish-green involucral bracts.

text:
# Pimelea lehmanniana

***Pimelea lehmanniana*** is a species of flowering plant in the family Thymelaeaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a shrub with narrowly egg-shaped leaves and clusters of white to pale yellow flowers surrounded by 4 or 6, pale yellowish-green involucral bracts.

## Description

*Pimelea lehmanniana* is an erect shrub that typically grows to a height of 0.3–1.2 m (1 ft 0 in – 3 ft 11 in) and has a single stem at ground level. The leaves are narrowly egg-shaped, sometimes with the narrower end towards the base, 4–34 mm (0.16–1.34 in) long and 1–7 mm (0.039–0.276 in) wide on a petiole 0.5–1.3 mm (0.020–0.051 in) long. The flowers are white to pale yellow and arranged in clusters on a peduncle 2–17 mm (0.079–0.669 in) long. There are 4 or 6 pale yellowish green, sometimes reddish, egg-shaped to broadly egg-shaped involucral bracts 13–21 mm (0.51–0.83 in) long and 7–14 mm (0.28–0.55 in) wide around the flower clusters, each flower on a hairy pedicel 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) long. The floral tube is 8–14 mm (0.31–0.55 in) long, the sepals 3–5.5 mm (0.12–0.22 in) long, and the stamens are much longer than the sepals. Flowering occurs from August to November.

## Taxonomy

*Pimelea lehmanniana* was first formally described in 1845 by Carl Meissner in 1845 in Lehmann's *Plantae Preissianae*. The specific epithet (*lehmanniana*) honours Johann Georg Christian Lehmann.

In 1988, Barbara Lynette Rye described two subspecies of *P. lehmanniana* in the journal *Nuytsia*, and the names are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:

* *Pimelea lehmanniana* Meisn. subsp. *lehmanniana* has a circumscissile floral tube, the ovary-part hairy.
* *Pimelea lehmanniana* subsp. *nervosa* (Meisn.) Rye has a floral tube that is not circumscissile, and the ovary-part of the floral tube is glabrous.

## Distribution and habitat

Subspecies *lehmanniana* grows on rocky hillsides or ridges from Lake Muir to East Mount Barren in the Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest and Mallee bioregions of south-western Western Australia, and subsp. *nervosa* grows in jarrah and marri woodland on the Darling Range and nearby hilly areas between Gooseberry Hill, Yelverton, Walpole and Mount Barker in separate parts of the Jarrah Forest and Swan Coastal Plain bioregions.

## Conservation status

Both subspecies of *P. lehmanniana* are listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.

## InfoBox

| *Pimelea lehmanniana* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Subspecies *lehmanniana* in the Australian National Botanic Gardens | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malvales |
| Family: | Thymelaeaceae |
| Genus: | *Pimelea* |
| Species: | ***P. lehmanniana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pimelea lehmanniana***<br>Meisn. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Nashville State Community College

abstract: Nashville State Community College is a public community college in Nashville, Tennessee. It is operated by the Tennessee Board of Regents and shares a 109-acre (0.44 km⁲) campus with the Tennessee College of Applied Technology at Nashville. The Nashville State facilities include 239,000 square feet (22,200 m⁲) of space for classrooms, labs, offices, student services, and a library. Nashville State offers a wide array of programs and degrees including associate degree and technical certificate studies, university parallel transfer programs to four-year institutions, continuing education, adult education, four Early College programs, Dual Enrollment courses, and community service programs. Nashville State serves a seven county service area of Middle Tennessee, which includes Cheatham, Davidson, Dickson, Houston, Humphreys, Montgomery, and Stewart counties. It is an open-entry institution with on-campus, online, virtual and hybrid options.

text:
# Nashville State Community College

**Nashville State Community College** is a public community college in Nashville, Tennessee. It is operated by the Tennessee Board of Regents and shares a 109-acre (0.44 km2) campus with the Tennessee College of Applied Technology at Nashville. The Nashville State facilities include 239,000 square feet (22,200 m2) of space for classrooms, labs, offices, student services, and a library. Nashville State offers a wide array of programs and degrees including associate degree and technical certificate studies, university parallel transfer programs to four-year institutions, continuing education, adult education, four Early College programs (fully immersive college experience at the Early College High School on the White Bridge campus and an embedded Early College program at Whites Creek, Glencliff, and Cane Ridge high schools), Dual Enrollment courses, and community service programs.

Nashville State serves a seven county service area of Middle Tennessee, which includes Cheatham, Davidson, Dickson, Houston, Humphreys, Montgomery, and Stewart counties. It is an open-entry institution with on-campus, online, virtual and hybrid options.

## History

It has its origins in a planned redevelopment of a campus on White Bridge Road which was formerly the site of Thayer Hospital, a hospital operated by what is now the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. When the hospital was relocated adjacent to Vanderbilt University and its Medical Center in the 1960s, part of its former campus became the home of **Nashville State Technical Institute**.

NSTI or Nashville Tech, as it was generally known, was formed to supply the training needed for positions requiring only the Associate's degree or professional certificates, but also to provide the beginning years of a more advanced technical education. At first, liberal arts offerings were essentially the minimum required for the institution to meet these goals, but the plan was always for NSTI to become a full community college. Nashville State opened in 1970 with an enrollment of 398 students.

As time went by, and liberal arts offerings increased somewhat, the school was used more and more by students who were looking to complete the first two years of a four-year degree at a more affordable cost. Some of these students found that credits earned at NSTI were hard to transfer to other accredited schools outside of the Tennessee Board of Regents system. A revamping of the curriculum was put in place to address this concern, and concurrently the institution was renamed **Nashville State Community College**, a pattern which had already been established at the other, similar urban technical institutes in the state.

Unlike other community colleges operated by the Tennessee Board of Regents, Nashville State does not conduct any intercollegiate athletics programs. Under the terms of a judicial consent decree, Nashville State must carefully tailor its offerings so as not to be in direct competition for students with Tennessee State University, a historically black university also located in Nashville, which has been ordered by federal court to achieve a higher degree of racial integration.

## Campuses

Nashville State offers classes and programs throughout its seven county service area. There are seven campuses offering classes: White Bridge campus (in west Nashville), Clarksville campus (in Montgomery County), East Davidson campus (in Donelson), North Davidson campus (in Madison), Humphreys County campus (in Waverly), Southeast campus (in Antioch), and the Dickson campus (in Dickson County).

### White Bridge campus

The White Bridge campus (Davidson County), sometimes referred to as the main campus, is located at 120 White Bridge Rd, Nashville. The White Bridge campus is home to the college's Heatlhcare professions division, which features: Central Sterile Processing Technology, Nursing, Occupational Therapy, and Surgical Technology. Nashville State offers a robust Information Technology programs, ranging from Coding Bootcamps to stackable technical certificate and Associate of Science and Associate of Applied Science degrees. In addition to a litany of other program offerings, there is a state-of-the-art Music Technology studio and lab. Facilities on the White Bridge campus include classrooms, healthcare simulation rooms, offices, student services, library, two auditoriums for musical performances, events and conferences, a music recording studio, art gallery, and student gathering spots. The Mayfield Library is in the Kisber Building. In partnership with Metro Nashville Public Schools, an Early College is located on campus for high school students.

### Southeast

The Southeast campus (Davidson County) is located at 5248 Hickory Hollow Parkway in Nashville. The Southeast campus is home to the Randy Rayburn School of Culinary Arts, with its state-of-the-art kitchen and classrooms and a Hospitality program. It is also home of Nashville State's Law Enforcement Academy. Additionally, Students at the Southeast Campus can take courses applicable toward an Associate of Applied Science, Associate of Arts, or Associate of Science degrees. Students can also enroll ESL classes and College Prep classes.

### North Davidson

To increase accessibility to higher education for Tennesseans, Nashville State has constructed a campus in the northern quadrant of Davidson County. The address is 1520 Gallatin Pike North, Madison. The college broke ground in late June 2020. The campus will be open to the community in late spring 2022, with classes starting in August 2022 for the fall term. The campus layout allows for future growth.

### East Davidson

The East Davidson campus is located at 2845 Elm Hill Pike, Nashville, TN 37214. At present, classes served from this campus are online or virtual.

### Humphreys County

The Humphreys County campus is located at 695 Holly Lane in Waverly. Students at the Humphreys County Campus can take courses applicable toward an Associate of Applied Science in Process Control Technology, General Technology—Options: Business or Technical Concentration, Business Management—Options: Business Administration, Entrepreneurship, Financial Services, and Marketing, as well as the General Education core leading to an Associate of Arts, or Associate of Science degree. The Humphreys County campus also has Industrial Process Control Technology simulation rooms.

### Dickson

The Dickson campus is located at 206 West Walnut Street, in the heart of downtown Dickson. In late 2023, Nashville State, TCAT Dickson, and TriStar Horizon Medical Center announced the pending construction and opening of a Dickson County Center for Higher Education, which will be home to Nashville State’s Dickson campus when it opens. It will be located on Hwy 46, just south of I-40. Students at the Dickson campus can take courses applicable toward an Associate of Applied Science, Associate of Arts, or Associate of Science degrees.

### Clarksville

The Clarksville campus is located at 1760 Wilma Rudolph Blvd. Clarksville, TN 37040. The campus, which will be a community-based Center for Higher Education, is currently undergoing an approximate $35 million renovation and expansion. The campus offers 15 associate degree programs and four technical certificate programs. Nashville State has partnered with Clarksville-Montgomery County School System (CMCSS) and Austin Peay State University on a Teacher Residency Program. This program is available to CMCSS classified employees and graduating seniors, and Montgomery County residents.

## InfoBox

Nashville State Community College
| Campus of Nashville State | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Public community college |
| Established | 1970 |
| Parent institution | Tennessee Board of Regents |
| President | Shanna L. Jackson |
| Undergraduates | 9,853 |
| Location | Nashville, Tennessee, United States
36°08′06″N 86°51′24″W / 36.1349°N 86.8568°W / 36.1349; -86.8568 |
| Campus | Urban, 109 acres (0.44 km2) |
| Website | www.nscc.edu |
|  | |


title: Young World: The Future

abstract: Young World: The Future is the debut studio album by rapper Lil' Zane. The album features his smash hit single "Callin' Me". The album debuted at number 165 on the Billboard 200 chart with 7,000 copies sold in its first week and then peaked its second week at number 25 with 40,000 sold that week. The album also peaked at number 4 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.

text:
# Young World: The Future

***Young World: The Future*** is the debut studio album by rapper Lil' Zane. The album features his smash hit single "Callin' Me". The album debuted at number 165 on the *Billboard 200* chart with 7,000 copies sold in its first week and then peaked its second week at number 25 with 40,000 sold that week. The album also peaked at number 4 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Top Down" (featuring Uncle Luke) |  | Scahdrac Meshac Milhomme | 4:33 |
| 2. | "M.O.N.E.Y." | * Z. Copeland, Jr. * I. Folmar * A. Dent * M. Holder | Anthony Dent | 3:38 |
| 3. | "Callin' Me" (featuring 112) | * Z. Copeland, Jr. * I. Folmar * D. Warren * K. Jones | * Diggie Doms * Kenny "Mistafiss" Jones | 4:17 |
| 4. | "What Must I Do" (featuring Akon) |  |  | 3:44 |
| 5. | "Die Famous" | * Z. Copeland, Jr. * A. Mobley * K. Fambro |  | 4:57 |
| 6. | "Partners Come Along Too" | * Z. Copeland, Jr. * I. Folmar * D. Warren * K. Jones | * Diggie Doms * Kenny "Mistafiss" Jones | 4:22 |
| 7. | "None Tonight" | * Z. Copeland, Jr. * D. Lewis * R. Lumpkins | Ricciano Lumpkins | 4:26 |
| 8. | "Ride on 'Em" | * Z. Copeland, Jr. * I. Folmar * D. Warren * K. Jones * E. Davis | * Diggie Doms * Kenny "Mistafiss" Jones | 4:09 |
| 9. | "Ways of the World" |  | Leslie Brathwaite | 4:33 |
| 10. | "All About the Fun" (featuring Da Howg & Angennetta Boys) |  | * Kevin Wales * Troy "Tha Rolla" Sanders | 4:28 |
| 11. | "What's Up" | * Z. Copeland, Jr. * A. Thiam * M. Thiam | * Akon * Mo'zart | 3:45 |
| 12. | "You Must Really Love Me" | * Z. Copeland, Jr. * G. White * K. Wales * S. Milhomme | Scahdrac Meshac Milhomme | 3:40 |
| 13. | "Too Hot to Stop" |  | Anthony Dent | 3:12 |
| 14. | "Beautiful Feelin'" |  | Leslie Brathwaite | 3:58 |
| 15. | "We Ain't the One \[contains hidden track "You Don't Wanna Fuck With Us"\]" |  | * Diggie Doms * Kenny "Mistafiss" Jones | 8:02 |
| Total length: | | | | 1:05:46 |

Bonus Tracks
| No. | Title | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16. | "Money Stretch" |  | 3:54 |
| 17. | "Anywhere" (featuring 112) | Daron Jones | 4:05 |
| 18. | "Hard Ball" (featuring Lil' Wayne, Lil' Bow Wow & Sammie) | Jermaine Dupri | 4:07 |
| 19. | "Anywhere (Bad Boy Remix)" (featuring 112 & Shyne) |  | 4:37 |

### Samples

* "Ride on 'Em" contains dialogue samples from the film Menace II Society.
* "Ways of the World" contains a sample of "Shape of My Heart" by Sting and Dominic Miller.
* "All About the Fun" contains an interpolation of "Computer Love" by Zapp.
* "Beautiful Feelin" contains a sample of "Love is the Key" by Tuck & Patti.

## Chart history

| Chart (2000) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 25 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (*Billboard*) | 4 |

## InfoBox

| Young World: The Future | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Lil' Zane | |
| Released | August 22, 2000 |
| Recorded | 19972000 |
| Studio |  |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 1:05:46 |
| Label | Priority |
| Producer | * Kevin Wales (also exec.) * Diggie Doms * Kenny Jones * Akon * Anthony Dent * Leslie Brathwaite * Mo'zart * Scahdrac Meshac Milhomme * Antonio Mobley * Ken Fambro * Ricciano Lumpkins * Troy "Tha Rolla" Sanders |
| Lil' Zane chronology | |
| ***Young World: The Future***
(2000) *The Big Zane Theory*
(2003) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Young World: The Future* | |
| 1. "Callin' Me"
Released: June 6, 2000 2. "None Tonight"
Released: September 3, 2000 | |
|  | |


title: Security Commission

abstract: The Security Commission, sometimes known as the Standing Security Commission, was a UK non-departmental public body or quango established in 1964 to investigate breaches of security in the public sector. It was abolished in 2010, on the basis that government would investigate breaches of security as and when they occurred.

text:
# Security Commission

The **Security Commission**, sometimes known as the **Standing Security Commission**, was a UK non-departmental public body or quango established in 1964 to investigate breaches of security in the public sector. It was abolished in 2010, on the basis that government would investigate breaches of security as and when they occurred.

## Origins

The idea of the Security Commission, initially canvassed by the Prime Minister Harold Macmillan, was first publicly suggested by his successor Sir Alec Douglas-Home in a Parliamentary debate about the Denning Report into the Profumo affair on 16 December 1963. Douglas-Home envisaged that the commission would consist of retired civil servants and would be chaired by someone from the judiciary. It was to investigate matters referred to it by the Prime Minister of the day and issue its reports back to the Prime Minister, with the Leader of the Opposition consulted before any inquiry and after the report was completed. Douglas-Home met with the Leader of the Opposition Harold Wilson (who had given a cautious welcome to the proposal) on 22 January to agree the details.

## Formation

On 23 January 1964 the formation of the Security Commission was announced, with the terms of reference:

> If so requested by the Prime Minister, to investigate and report upon the circumstances in which a breach of security is known to have occurred in the public service and upon any related failure of departmental security arrangements or neglect of duty; and, in the light of any such investigations, to advise whether any change in security arrangements is necessary or desirable.

Harold Wilson expanded the remit on 10 May 1965 to allow the Commission to investigate circumstances where a breach of security might have occurred.

## Reports

The Security Commission issued fifteen reports during its existence.

| Date | Composition | Circumstances | Reference |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| June 1965 | Lord Justice Winn
Lord Normanbrook
Sir Caspar John | Convictions of civil servants Frank Clifton Bossard and Percy Sidney Allen under s. 1 of the Official Secrets Act 1911 | Cmnd. 2722 |
| July 1966 | Lord Justice Winn
Lord Sinclair of Cleeve
Sir Dudley Ward | Discovery of classified documents at the home of Squadron Leader Peter John Reen RAF, to which he had official access before he retired in 1961 | Cmnd. 3151 |
| June 1967 | Lord Justice Winn
Sir Caspar John
Sir Dudley Ward | Circumstances in which Miss Helen Mary Keenan, typist in the Cabinet Office, had been charged under the Official Secrets Act 1911 | Cmnd. 3365 |
| November 1968 | Lord Justice Winn
Sir Dudley Ward
Sir Harold Kent | Circumstances in which Douglas Ronald Britten, a Chief Technician in the RAF, pleaded guilty to offences under the Official Secrets Act 1911 | Cmnd. 3856 |
| January 1969 | Lord Justice Winn
Lord Sinclair of Cleeve
Sir Dudley Ward | Circumstances in which Clive Edwin Bland, photoprinter in the Ministry of Technology, pleaded guilty to offences under the Official Secrets Act 1911 | Cmnd. 3892 |
| May 1973 | Lord Diplock
Lord Sinclair of Cleeve
Sir Dudley Ward | Circumstances in which Sub-Lieutenant David James Bingham and Mr Leonard Michael Hinchliffe pleaded guilty to offences under the Official Secrets Act 1911 | Cmnd. 5362 |
| July 1973 | Lord Diplock
Lord Sinclair of Cleeve
Sir Dudley Ward
Lord Garner
Sir Philip Allen | To verify that security was not endangered as a result of incidents leading to the resignations from the Government of Earl Jellicoe and Lord Lambton | Cmnd. 5367 |
| May 1981 | Lord Diplock
Lord Bridge of Harwich
Lord Greenhill of Harrow
Sir Horace Law | Circumstances in which John Barry Wagstaff, Ministry of Defence civil servant, had been charged with an offence under the Official Secrets Act 1911 | Cmnd. 8235 |
| May 1983 | Lord Bridge of Harwich
Lord Justice Griffiths
Lord Allen of Abbeydale
Sir Hugh Beach | Breaches of security which may have occurred arising out of the case of Geoffrey Arthur Prime, convicted under the Official Secrets Act 1911 | Cmnd. 8876 |
| March 1984 | Lord Bridge of Harwich
Lord Justice Griffiths
Lord Allen of Abbeydale
Sir Hugh Beach | Breaches of security which may have occurred arising out of the case of Lance Corporal Philip Leslie Aldridge, convicted under the Official Secrets Act 1911 | Cmnd. 9212 |
| May 1985 | Lord Bridge of Harwich
Lord Allen of Abbeydale
Sir Michael Palliser
Sir Alasdair Steedman | Breaches of security which may have occurred arising out of the case of Michael John Bettaney, convicted under the Official Secrets Act 1911 | Cmnd. 9514 |
| October 1986 | Lord Griffiths
Lord Justice Lloyd
Lord Allen of Abbeydale
Sir Hugh Beach | Breaches of security which may have occurred arising out of the case of eight members of 9 Signal Regiment who have been charged under the Official Secrets Act 1911, and any similarities with the case of Senior Aircraftsman Paul John Davies who has been charged with a similar offence | Cmnd. 9923 |
| July 1995 | Lord Lloyd of Berwick
Sir John Blelloch
Sir Derek Boorman
Lord Tombs | Breaches of security which may have occurred arising out of the case of Michael John Smith, convicted under the Official Secrets Act 1911 | Cm. 2930 |
| February 2000 | Lord Lloyd of Berwick
Dame Elizabeth Butler-Sloss
Sir John Foley
Sir Clive Whitmore | Breaches of security which may have occurred arising out of the case of Chief Petty Officer Steven Hayden, convicted under the Official Secrets Act 1989 | Cm. 4578 |
| May 2004 | Dame Elizabeth Butler-Sloss
Sir Charles Mantell
Sir John Goulden
Sir Iain Vallance | To review vetting of those who join or belong to the Royal Households, those working closely with them, or who otherwise gain access to Royal residences | Cm. 6177 |

## Members

Latterly its members were:


title: Pitchfork (film)

abstract: Pitchfork is a 2016 horror film and the directorial debut of Glenn Douglas Packard. It premiered on September 23, 2016, at the Hot Springs Horror Film Festival, where it won "Best First Time Filmmaker Horror". By September 20, 2016, it was announced in Deadline Hollywood that Uncork’d Entertainment had acquired the film and it would have a limited theatrical release on January 6, 2017, and would be released on VOD January 13 of the same year.

text:
# Pitchfork (film)

***Pitchfork*** is a 2016 horror film and the directorial debut of Glenn Douglas Packard. It premiered on September 23, 2016, at the Hot Springs Horror Film Festival, where it won "Best First Time Filmmaker Horror". By September 20, 2016, it was announced in Deadline Hollywood that Uncork’d Entertainment had acquired the film and it would have a limited theatrical release on January 6, 2017, and would be released on VOD January 13 of the same year.

## Synopsis

Hunter and friends travel back to his family farm in rural Michigan after sharing a deep secret with his conservative family. A festive night turns into horror as one by one they are all stalked by a deranged killer wielding a pitchfork.

## Cast

* Daniel Wilkinson as Ben Holister Jr. / Pitchfork
* Brian Raetz as Hunter Killian
* Lindsey Nicole as Clare
* Ryan Moore as Matt
* Celina Beach as Lenox
* Nicole Dambro as Flo
* Keith Webb as Rocky
* Sheila Leason as Janelle
* Vibhu K Raghave as Gordon
* Rachel Carter as Judy Holister / Ma
* Andrew Dawe-Collins as Ben Holister Sr. / Pa
* Derek Reynolds as Wayne Killian
* Carol Ludwick as Ruth Killian
* Addisyn Wallace as Jenny Killian
* Anisbel Lopez as Trisha

## Reception

*Pitchfork* reviews have been mixed and the movie currently has a rating of 20% on Rotten Tomatoes with an average rating of 2/10, based on 5 reviews. *The Hollywood Reporter* and *Los Angeles Times* both criticised the film, which the *Los Angeles Times* felt was "tediously routine." Horror website Bloody Disgusting was more favorable, stating that "there is still some fun to be had with *Pitchfork.* The classic slasher formula works for a reason, and the movie does have some of that low-budget charm that’s so illusive in this age of digital film." Another horror website, Heaven of Horror, gave it a 3/5 rating and called it "a hardcore horror movie with a few campy elements and some truly awesome moments".

## InfoBox

| Pitchfork | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Glenn Douglas Packard |
| Written by | Darryl F. Gariglio
Glenn Douglas Packard |
| Produced by | Shaun Cairo
Noreen Marriott
Darryl F. Gariglio
Glenn Douglas Packard |
| Starring | Daniel Wilkinson
Brian Raetz
Lindsey Nicole
Ryan Moore |
| Cinematography | Rey Gutierrez |
| Edited by | Kristin Gerhart
Rey Gutierrez |
| Music by | Christie Beu |
| Production
company | Pioneer Motion Pictures |
| Distributed by | Uncork'd Entertainment |
| Release dates | * September 23, 2016 (2016-09-23) (Hot Springs Horror Film Festival) * January 6, 2017 (2017-01-06)  Limited Release |
| Running time | 1:34:00 |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Wallace's Cave, Auchinleck

abstract: Wallace's Cave in the Lugar Gorge at Auchinleck in the Parish of Auchinleck, East Ayrshire is an 18th-century grotto, contemporary with Dr Johnson's Summerhouse which is also located on the Auchinleck Estate. It shows superior workmanship and is possibly the enlargement of a pre-existing cave. The cave or grotto lies downstream of the confluence of the Dippol Burn with the River Lugar and is reached via a once well formed path; however access is now hazardous due to the condition of the cliff edge path and the vertical drop into the River Lugar.

text:
# Wallace's Cave, Auchinleck

**Wallace's Cave** in the Lugar Gorge at Auchinleck in the Parish of Auchinleck, East Ayrshire is an 18th-century grotto, contemporary with Dr Johnson's Summerhouse which is also located on the Auchinleck Estate. It shows superior workmanship and is possibly the enlargement of a pre-existing cave. The cave or grotto lies downstream of the confluence of the Dippol Burn with the River Lugar and is reached via a once well formed path; however access is now hazardous due to the condition of the cliff edge path and the vertical drop into the River Lugar.

## Cave and access

The cave is a Category B Listed Building that is reached via a narrow path and some rock cut steps that follow the River Lugar gorge. Lying within a side gorge cut by a small burn, the final approach requires the crossing of the burn. The masons' chisel marks are very clear on the walls and their work created a chamber with a floor area of approximately 14 square feet with prominent rib vaults that rise from the four corners meeting at the central roof apex, thus creating the impression, deliberately or not, of a cross or Saltire. The cave height is approximately ten feet and access is via a pointed seven foot high arched doorway, now minus its door, with one small, similarly shaped window to its left, as viewed from the outside. The window shows no obvious sign of having been glazed.

The eminent antiquarian John Smith visited the area circa 1895 recording historic sites but makes no reference to the two caves on the estate. It has been suggested that this or a previous cave dates from the late 13th or 14th century. Warrick, writing in 1899, makes no reference to Wallace's Cave at this site although he mentions one near Lugar in the Cubs' Glen on the Glenmuir Water.

John Thomson's map of 1832 does not mark the cave; however, the natural feature Kemp's Castle and the ruins of Ochiltree Castle and Auchinleck Castle are shown. The 1857 OS map shows a path leading to the site with no cave indicated, however by 1896 it is recorded. The 1908 map records the cave; however the access path is no longer shown.

## History

It has been estimated as dating from circa 1760 and has been hewn from soft red sandstone in the Gothic style as a man-made folly or grotto, although the possibility remains that it was an extension of a natural cave. The RCAHMS Canmore site classifies the site as post-medieval and holds no details of the grotto. The original Auchinleck Castle stands upstream of the cave just above the confluence of the Dippol Burn with the River Lugar.

It was common practice during times of war or unrest to hide valuables, charters, etc. in safe locations and it is possible that Wallace's Cave may have been first made for this purpose, as was the case with Bruce's Cave at Kirkpatrick Fleming.

The first Laird of Auchinleck or Affleck on record was Nicol de Achethlec or Achethlic who was a great supporter of Scottish independence and is said to have been related to Sir William Wallace.

It is known that Nicol rode with Wallace to Glasgow where the English soldiers were defeated at the 'Battle of the Bell of the Brae'. It has been surmised that the grotto's name patriotically commemorates the romantic Boswell family association with the national hero and that it is contemporary with the surviving Gothic grotto variously known as Dr Johnson's Summerhouse, 'Boswell's Summerhouse' situated further upstream on the Dippol Burn near the Ten Shillings Bridge, making two grottoes hewn in the picturesque landscape circa 1760 to enhance the new Auchinleck House and pleasure gardens.

## Micro-history

A visitor to one of the caves in circa 1947 describes a walk that takes him to "a staircase of broad wooden steps built into the steep bank, but so deep in leaves that the stepping places were hard to distinguish. It led down to the water's edge, and gave access to a large cave hewn in the solid rock. A fine dry apartment it was, and to sit on the carved ledge and watch the wagtails dipping from stone to stone, the burn clear as a sheet of crystal, was most restful." This may refer to the summerhouse named in Dr Samuel Johnson's honour.

## Other Wallace's Cave sites

Notes

## InfoBox

| Wallace's Cave | |
| --- | --- |
| Wallace's Grotto | |
| The cave entrance and window | |
| Location | Auchinleck, East Ayrshire |
| OS grid | NS498233 |
| Coordinates | 55°28′50″N 4°22′39″W / 55.4806°N 4.3774°W / 55.4806; -4.3774 |
| Length | 12 feet (3.7 m) |
| Elevation | 40 feet (12 m) |
| Entrances | 1 |
| Difficulty | Caution required |
| Hazards | Access to site |
| Access | By a rough path & steps |


title: Pill (textile)

abstract: A pill, colloquially known as a bobble, fuzzball, or lint ball, is a small ball of fibers that forms on a piece of cloth. Pill is also a verb for the formation of such balls. Pilling is a surface defect of textiles caused by wear, and is generally considered an undesirable trait. It happens when washing and wearing of fabrics causes loose fibers to begin to push out from the surface of the cloth, and, over time, abrasion causes the fibers to develop into small spherical bundles, anchored to the surface of the fabric by protruding fibers that have not broken. The textile industry divides pilling into four stages: fuzz formation, entanglement, growth, and wear-off. Pilling normally happens on the parts of clothing that receive the most abrasion in day-to-day wear, such as the collar, cuffs, and around the thighs and rear on trousers.

text:
# Pill (textile)

A **pill**, colloquially known as a **bobble**, **fuzzball**, or **lint ball**, is a small ball of fibers that forms on a piece of cloth. *Pill* is also a verb for the formation of such balls.

Pilling is a surface defect of textiles caused by wear, and is generally considered an undesirable trait. It happens when washing and wearing of fabrics causes loose fibers to begin to push out from the surface of the cloth, and, over time, abrasion causes the fibers to develop into small spherical bundles, anchored to the surface of the fabric by protruding fibers that have not broken. The textile industry divides pilling into four stages: fuzz formation, entanglement, growth, and wear-off.

Pilling normally happens on the parts of clothing that receive the most abrasion in day-to-day wear, such as the collar, cuffs, and around the thighs and rear on trousers.

## Causes

All fabrics pill to some extent, although fibers such as linen and silk pill less than most. The primary drivers of pilling are the physical characteristics of the textile (including both the initial fiber, and the way in which it is processed during manufacturing), the personal habits of the textile's wearer, and the environment in which the textile is used. Fibers such as wool, cotton, polyester, nylon and acrylic have a tendency to pill the most, but wool pilling diminishes over time as non-tenacious wool fibers work themselves free of the fabric and break away, whereas pilling of synthetic textiles is a more serious problem, because the stronger fibers hold on to the pills preventing them from falling off.

In general, longer fibers pill less than short ones because there are fewer ends of fibers, and because it is harder for the longer fibers to work themselves out of the cloth. Fabrics with a large number of loose fibers have a higher tendency to pill. Also, knitted fabrics tend to pill more than woven fabrics, because of the greater distance between yarn crossings in knitted fabrics than in woven ones. For the same reason, a tightly knitted object will pill less than a loosely knitted one. When a fabric is made of a blend of fibers where one fiber is significantly stronger than the other, pills tend to form as the weaker fiber wears and breaks, and the stronger fiber holds the pills onto the cloth.

## Prevention

Techniques used by the textile industry to avoid pilling include singeing the loose fibers protruding on the surface of textile, and spinning the yarn with a high number of twists per inch. Some fabrics are chemically treated during the manufacturing process to reduce their propensity to pill. Polymeric coatings are sometimes applied to bind fibers into the fabric surface and prevent initial fuzz from forming. Polyester and cotton fibers are sometimes modified to be of lower-than-normal strength, which results in pills detaching easily from fabrics, once they are formed. Cellulase enzymes are sometimes used on cotton fabrics during wet processing, which removes loose fibers.

Textile authorities say consumers can prevent or postpone pilling of their fabrics by treating them with chemical soil release treatments that make the surface of the fabric more hydrophilic, and by turning clothes inside out before washing them.

## Result

Pills do not interfere with the functionality of the textile, unless a spot with a lot of pills turns into a hole in the fabric. This is because both pills and holes are caused by the fabric wearing—a pill is fiber that was in the cloth. After the pill forms the fabric is thinner there, increasing the likelihood that a hole will form.

Pilling can seriously compromise a textile's acceptability for consumers, and is the focus of significant industry research. In the textile industry, severity of pilling is objectively evaluated using five parameters: pill number, the mean area of pilling; the total area of pilling; contrast, and density.

Pills can be removed by shaving the fabric.


title: Pop Magazine

abstract: Pop Magazine was a quarterly, free press, action sports magazine, published in Australia from 2005 to 2015. Similar to the American magazine, Blisss, it covered skateboarding, snowboarding and surfing news along with interviews and a lifestyle section covering music, cars, films and opinion pieces from around the world. Each issue of the magazine was available online and in print version distributed only in Australia. There have been two snowboarding films released under the production and direction of the Pop Magazine owners. There was a potential for a skateboarding film in late 2009. The magazine was founded by Rick Baker and Dave Keating in 2005. Rick Baker was listed as the editor from 2005 to 2010, and Dave Keating was editing the magazine from 2010 to 2015.

text:
# Pop Magazine

***Pop Magazine*** was a quarterly, free press, action sports magazine, published in Australia from 2005 to 2015. Similar to the American magazine, *Blisss*, it covered skateboarding, snowboarding and surfing news along with interviews and a lifestyle section covering music, cars, films and opinion pieces from around the world. Each issue of the magazine was available online and in print version distributed only in Australia.

There have been two snowboarding films released under the production and direction of the *Pop Magazine* owners. There was a potential for a skateboarding film in late 2009.

The magazine was founded by Rick Baker and Dave Keating in 2005. Rick Baker was listed as the editor from 2005 to 2010, and Dave Keating was editing the magazine from 2010 to 2015.

## History

Rick Baker founded the magazine with Dave Keating in 2005. The first issues had only interviews and product reviews in them. Since then there has been a large growth in 'lifestyle' content such as fashion editorials, music reviews and opinion pieces.

The magazine has created a great deal of controversy in the snowboarding industry which has had both a positive and negative impact. It is often criticized for airing business issues at a consumer level and has had strong opinions on sections of the industry which have caused ongoing feuds with brands, stores and other media.

On 26 July 2010 *Pop* announced on its website that it had formed a joint venture with Melbourne-based publisher, Lifelounge. In the press release that was published on the *Pop* site that day, co-founder Dave Keating said that Lifelounge were "... going to provide *Pop* with sales support, management support and takeover back-end tasks (accounting, etc.) in addition to helping Rick and I reach our own goals for *Pop*."

In 2016, Dave Keating posted on the magazine's website that it had closed down.

## Circulation

Still considered niche, *Pop Magazine* circulation grew from 10,000 to 20,000 copies in 2009. Although a national magazine, approximately 40% of readers of *Pop Magazine* are in the Australian state of Victoria with the magazine having a distinct style particular to the state capital, Melbourne. New South Wales accounts for the second largest readers group accounting for a little over 30% of the readership.

## Style

The most distinctive part of *Pop Magazine* has been its design style. Although keeping most pages sparse and clean, preferring large photos and white space to the often cluttered look used by most editors in the action sports genre. The typography and layout has more in common with business magazines like *The Economist* and *Time* magazine than it does with other board sports titles.

## Website

*Pop Magazine*'s website launched in December 2005 as a blog that would cover the progression of each issue of the magazine and social events that were occurring. It slowly developed over the first 12 months into a way to deliver time-sensitive news that would be out of date by the following issue of the magazine. This led to a redesign of the site which went live in May 2007. The redesign allowed for more news to be delivered faster, an advertising frame was added to the site and the 'shoutbox'. The shoutbox is a small instant messaging type box which has been hugely popular with the websites audience while also being controversial, abusive, racist, sexist, homophobic and bringing the site into disrepute according to some board-sports industry heads in Australia. Although comments on the site are not edited, according to Rick Baker, any comment that is homophobic or racist is removed.

*Pop Magazine'*'s third website redesign went live in November 2009. The new site design moved away from a 'blog' format to a more professional feel. The page load time decreased significantly and there is greater functionality worked in. There are some early criticisms of the site including some problems when viewing in Internet Explorer 6 and that there is too much movement at the top of the page. However, overall reception has been positive.

The newest version of the site went live in April 2011. This is the biggest change in five years to the site with a complete overhaul of the look, feel and functionality of the site. It has dropped the signature wood background and picked up a more uniformed navigation structure. It is the first version of the site in four years not built using the Word Press platform. The overall look has an obvious influence from the Creative Director at Lifelounge, Luke Lucas. The main criticisms to date have been missing links and broken functionality. The Shoutbox has been rebuilt and has struggled since the relaunch. However the gallery viewer now works better than it ever has.

The site is updated by Dave Keating, Rick Baker and a number of other writers, photographers and filmers.

Over the years there were several legal threats from companies against *Pop Magazine* but none of the threats were carried out. Most notably, an article published in issue number 9 about the questionable management of the Victorian ski field at Mt Hotham. The ski field owner, LLC Ltd., sent a legal threat to the magazines owners which they promptly published online. The threat was never followed up by LLC.

## Notable interviews

* Danny Davis, Issue 19, July 2011
* Kevin Pearce, Issue 19, July 2011
* Steve Berra, Issue 18, April 2011
* Ashley Gilbertson, Issue 17, December 2010
* Chad Muska, Issue 16, October 2010
* Shaun White, Issue 15, April 2010
* David Thorne, May 2010
* Corbin Harris, Issue 14, December 2009
* Marko Grilc, Issue 14, December 2009
* Tony Hawk, Issue 13, August 2009
* Louie Fountain, Issue 13, August 2009
* Nima Jalali, Issue 12, April 2009
* Rob Dyrdek, Issue 12, April 2009
* Jeremy Jones, Issue 11, December 2008
* Laurie Towner, Issue 11, December 2008
* Dave Rastovich, Issue 10, October 2008
* TJ Schneider, Issue 10, October 2008
* Jon Kooley, Issue 9, April 2008
* Benji Weatherley, Issue 9, April 2008
* Mick Fanning, Issue 8, December 2007
* Robbie Walker, Issue 7, September 2007
* Bobby Martinez, Issue 7, September 2007
* Corey Duffel, Issue 7, September 2007
* Darrell Mathes, Issue 6, July 2007
* Jake Patterson, Issue 6, July 2007
* Arto Saari, Issue 6, July 2007
* Justin Hebbel, Issue 5, April 2007
* Andrew Crawford, Issue 5, April 2007
* Anne Flore-Marxer, Issue 4, December 2006
* David Benedek, Issue 3, July 2006

## Covers

* Issue 1, December 2005, Louis Marnell
* Issue 2, April 2006, Mike Martin
* Issue 3, July 2006, Chris Boadle
* Issue 4, October 2006, Matt Horne
* Issue 5, December 2006, Jake McCarthy
* Issue 6, April 2007, Gus St. Leon
* Issue 7, July 2007, Dave Delroy Carr
* Issue 8, December 2007, Charles Bekinsale
* Issue 9, April 2008, Gustav Eden
* Issue 10, October 2008, Robbie Walker
* Issue 11, December 2008, Tim Burdett
* Issue 12, April 2009, Nima Jalali
* Issue 13, August 2009, Tony Hawk
* Issue 14, December 2009, Alyse Cocliff
* Issue 15, May 2010, Shaun White
* Issue 16, October 2010, Chad Muska
* Issue 17, December 2010, Jordan
* Issue 18, April 2011, Steve Berra
* Issue 19, July 2011, Kevin Pearce

## Films

*Pop* had numerous film and T.V credits. The major projects they worked on included two of their own snowboard films, the *Trigger Team Movie* in 2007 and *Two Weeks In* in 2008. The films are always distributed free through the stores that stock the magazine as well as being available to download in multiple formats.

In addition to the films, the team at *Pop* have worked as consultants for one of the largest snowboard contests in the southern hemisphere, the Boost Snow Show, over the last three years. Their role is to keep the contest faithful to the snowboarding culture while also helping to create a television show of the event to play on free to air television.

### *Trigger Team Movie*

The *Trigger Team Movie*, released in April 2007, was a low budget "part for part" snowboard film made using the snowboarders sponsored by the iconic Victorian snowboard store, Trigger Brothers. The film featured many of Australia's up and coming professional riders and was well received for a first effort. Criticisms of the film included the skill level of the riding in the film and the length.

### *Two Weeks In*

*Two Weeks In* is the largest budget snowboard film ever created by an Australian company. The film, shot over an extremely short period in North America, was wildly successful on release but suffered some of the same criticisms that the Trigger Brothers Movie suffered.

The technology used for creating the film was also a first for an Australian snowboard film. It was filmed using Panasonic HVX-202 cameras along with a Kessler Krane and a unique, purpose built, dolly track setup that was lightweight enough to hike long distances with but still very functional when setup.

The film was distributed free on the cover of the ACP Magazines title, Australian/New Zealand Snowboarding, via Fuel TV and a final version was cover mounted on the issue 10 of *Pop Magazine*. The film was sponsored by Burton Snowboards, Nitro Snowboards, Grenade Gloves, Neff Headwear, 3CS Outerwear, Panasonic and Rip Curl.

* Lifelounge 25 October 2006. Casparello "POP!" Link
* Lifelounge 11 February 2008. Katie Olson *Two Weeks In* Link
* Empire Ave 6 July 2008. Tim Hawken "POP Goes The Weasel" Link
* Something in the Woods. 24 June 2008. Paul Colby "3 Is The Magic Number - Rick Baker" Link
* Board The World. 30 June 2008. John Matkovic "Behind The Lens" Link
* *Herald Sun* 26 September 2009. Emily Power. "Boom in bedroom entrepreneurs as economy recovers". Melbourne Link
* "B and T" 27 July 2010. James Livesley "Lifelounge and Pop launch action sports site". Link
* "The Vine" 29 April 2011. Marc Goldenfine "Nice Work - Pop Magazine".Link

## InfoBox

*Pop Magazine*
| *Pop Issue 14* Cover (December 2009) | |
| --- | --- |
| Editor | Dave Keating |
| Categories | Sports Magazine |
| Frequency | Quarterly |
| Circulation | 20,000 per quarter (within Australia) |
| Founded | 2005 |
| Final issue | 2015 |
| Company | Pop Magazine Pty. Ltd. |
| Country | Australia |
| Based in | Melbourne |
| Language | English |


title: Marma, Dhanbad

abstract: Marma is a census town in Nirsa CD block in Dhanbad Sadar subdivision of Dhanbad district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

text:
# Marma, Dhanbad

**Marma** is a census town in Nirsa CD block in Dhanbad Sadar subdivision of Dhanbad district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

## Geography

5km
3miles KaliasoleR Maithon Power PlantP Panchet
DamD Maithon
DamD BCCL Chanch/ Victoria Area ECL Mugma Area MugmaR KumardubiN ChirkundaM MaithonCT MeraCT SiulibanCT EgarkunrCT MarmaCT NirsaCT PanrraCT PanchetCT DumarkundaCT  PanchmahaliCT  BhamalCT**Cities, towns and locations in the eastern portion of Dhanbad Sadar subdivision in Dhanbad district**
M: Municipality, CT: census town, N: neighbourhood, R: Rural/ Urban centre, D: Dam, P: Power Plant
Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly

### Location

Marma is located at 23°46′N 86°44′E / 23.76°N 86.73°E / 23.76; 86.73.

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the area. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

### Overview

The region shown in the map is a part of the undulating uplands bustling with coalmines. While the Damodar flows along the southern boundary, the Barakar flows along the eastern boundary. Both the rivers form the boundary with West Bengal. Panchet Dam and Maithon Dam, along with their reservoirs, are prominently visible in the map. The entire area is covered in Nirsa (community development block). In Nirsa CD block 69% of the population live in rural areas and 31% live in urban areas. The official website of the district has announced the formation of two new CD blocks – Egarkund and Kaliasole, possibly carved out of Nirsa CD block. As of July 2019, there is no further information about the new CD blocks. BCCL operates Chanch/ Victoria Area partially within the region shown in the map. ECL operates Mugma Area fully within the region shown in the map.

## Demographics

As per the 2011 Census of India, Marma had a total population of 4,640 of which 2,411 (52%) were males and 2,221 (48%) were females. Population below 6 years was 699. The total number of literates in Marma was 2,669 (67.72% of the population over 6 years).

As of 2001 India census, Marma had a population of 4,607. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Marma has an average literacy rate of 50%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 59%, and female literacy is 40%. In Marma, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## Infrastructure

Marma has an area of 2.119 km2. It is 36 km from the district headquarters Dhanbad. There is a railway station at Mugma 2 km away. Buses are available in the town. It has 1 km roads and both covered and open drains. The two major sources of protected water supply are uncovered wells and hand pumps. There are 788 domestic electric connections and 40 road light points. Amongst the educational facilities, it has 1 primary school, 1 middle school, 1 secondary school and 1 senior secondary school. It is a centre of the fire bricks industry.

## InfoBox

| Marma | |
| --- | --- |
| Census Town | |
| MarmaLocation in Jharkhand, IndiaMarmaMarma (India) | |
| Coordinates: 23°46′N 86°44′E / 23.76°N 86.73°E / 23.76; 86.73 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Jharkhand |
| District | Dhanbad |
| CD block | Nirsa |
| Area | |
| Total | 2.119 km2 (0.818 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 4,640 |
| Density | 2,200/km2 (5,700/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| Official | Hindi, Urdu |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | JH |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Dhanbad |
| Vidhan Sabha constituency | Nirsa |
| Website | dhanbad.nic.in |


title: One-reeler / Act IV

abstract: One-reeler / Act IV is the fourth and final extended play by South Korean–Japanese girl group Iz*One. It was released through Off the Record Entertainment on December 7, 2020. The album is available in three versions: Scene #1, Scene #2 and Scene #3, and consists of six tracks including the lead single, "Panorama".

text:
# One-reeler / Act IV

***One-reeler / Act IV*** is the fourth and final extended play by South Korean–Japanese girl group Iz\*One. It was released through Off the Record Entertainment on December 7, 2020. The album is available in three versions: *Scene #1*, *Scene #2* and *Scene #3*, and consists of six tracks including the lead single, "Panorama".

## Background and release

In early November, it was announced that Iz\*One would be having a comeback before the end of the year. On November 17, it was confirmed that the group would release their fourth mini-album *One-reeler / Act IV* on December 7. Group teaser photos and individual photos began to release from November 23 onwards, showing three different concepts titling, 'The Color of Youth', 'Becoming One' and 'Stay Bold'. The first teaser image that shows a ticket with all of the members' names, along with the words "One-reeler: Act IV." The photo also features the album release date. Apart from this, a clip was also uploaded, and it presents a screen with a date that seems to be displayed through a projector. The first music video teaser was released a week later on December 2, with the highlight medley being released on the next day. Their second music video teaser was released on December 4. The clip was about 30 seconds and shows individual shots of the members while the instrumental version of "Panorama" was being played as a music background.

> Fans wait in anticipation for new music to come from IZ\*ONE, which has finished the 'Flower' series with "La Vie en Rose" (2018), "Violeta" (2019) and "Fiesta" (2020), followed by the mystical vibe of "Secret Story of the Swan" (2020)
>
> Swing Entertainment announcing *One Reeler/Act IV*

## Promotion

The group held a two hour premier titled "IZ\*ONE One-reeler Premiere" on December 7 at 6 p.m. KST that was broadcast globally through K-Pop channels such as Mnet, M2, and Mnet Kpop, as well as through different social media platforms including Stone Music's YouTube channel, Iz\*One's TikTok, VLive and YouTube channel. The group also performed "Panorama" and "Sequence" during the premiere.

The group premiered "Panorama" with a performance at the 2020 Mnet Asian Music Awards on December 6.

## Commercial performance

The group achieved a double crown on the week ending December 12 after topping both the physical album chart with the mini-album and the digital download chart with its title track "Panorama". The mini-album became the group second project to top the Korean albums chart after *Heart\*Iz* (2019). Not only did the mini album debut at number one on the week's physical album chart, but the "Kit version" of the album also entered the chart separately at number five. Despite being a Korean release, the mini-album entered the top ten of the Japanese Oricon albums chart peaking at number eight.

## Track listing

*One-reeler / Act IV* track listing
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Arrangement | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Mise-en-Scène" | Jung Ho-hyun (e.one) | Jung Ho-hyun (e.one) | Jung Ho-hyun (e.one) | 3:19 |
| 2. | "Panorama" | * KZ * B.O. * FAB | * KZ * Nthonius * B.O. * FAB * Jayins * Ji Ye-joon | * Ung Kim * FAB * KZ * Nthonius | 3:42 |
| 3. | "Island" | * YOSKE * Alive Knob | * YOSKE * Alive Knob | * YOSKE * Alive Knob * Sean Oh | 3:13 |
| 4. | "Sequence" | Jung Ho-hyun (e.one) | Jung Ho-hyun (e.one) | Jung Ho-hyun (e.one) | 3:10 |
| 5. | "O Sole Mio" | * SCORE (13) * MEGATONE (13) * EDEN (13) | * SCORE (13) * MEGATONE (13) * EDEN (13) | * SCORE (13) * MEGATONE (13) * EDEN (13) | 3:30 |
| 6. | "Slow Journey" (느린 여행; *Neurin yeohaeng*) |  | * Iggy * Yongbae * Kim | * Iggy * Yongbae | 3:19 |
| Total length: | | | | | 20:13 |

## Charts

Sales chart performance of *One-reeler / Act IV*
| Chart (2020) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Japan Hot Albums (*Billboard Japan*) | 11 |
| Japanese Albums (Oricon) | 8 |
| South Korean Albums (Gaon) | 1 |
|

## Certification and sales

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| South Korea |  | 450,549 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| South Korea | December 7, 2020 |  |  |
| | Various | | * Digital download * streaming |

1. "'12월 7일 컴백' 아이즈원, 미니 4집 '원릴러' 마지막 콘셉트 포토 공개". *Hankook Kyungje* (in Korean). November 29, 2020. Retrieved November 28, 2020  via Naver.
2. "IZ\*ONE 4th Mini Album 'One-reeler' / Act IV Track List". IZ\*ONE. Retrieved November 29, 2020.
3. Hwang, Ji-young (November 10, 2020). "아이즈원, 12월 컴백…막바지 앨범 작업 중 \[공식\]". *Naver* (in Korean). Retrieved November 10, 2020.
4. "\[단독\] 아이즈원, 12월 7일 컴백 확정". *Naver* (in Korean). November 17, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
5. "IZ\* Girl group IZ\*ONE to drop fourth EP "One-reeler" on Dec. 7". *koreajoongangdaily*. 23 November 2020. Retrieved January 15, 2021.
6. "Premiere of Comeback Mini-Album 'One-reeler: Act IV'". *Kpopstarz*. Retrieved January 15, 2021.
7. "IZ\*ONE, BLACKPINK, And "Show Me The Money 9" Rappers Top Gaon Weekly Charts". *Soompi*. 17 December 2020. Retrieved January 15, 2021.
8. "オリコン週間 アルバムランキング 2020年12月07日～2020年12月13日". *Oricon* (in Japanese). Retrieved December 26, 2020.
9. "Gaon Album Chart – Week 50, 2020". *Gaon Chart* (in Korean). Retrieved December 23, 2020.
10. "2020년 Album Chart" \[Year 2020 Album Chart\]. *Gaon Music Chart*.

## InfoBox

| One-reeler / Act IV | |
| --- | --- |
| Digital and "Scene #2 Becoming One version" cover | |
| EP by Iz\*One | |
| Released | December 7, 2020 |
| Recorded | 2020 |
| Genre |  |
| Language | Korean |
| Label |  |
| Producer | * Jung Ho-hyun * Ung Kim * FAB * NZ * Nthonius * Yoske * Alive Knob * Sean Oh * Score * Megatone * Eden * Iggy * Yongbae |
| Iz\*One chronology | |
| *Twelve*
(2020) ***One-reeler / Act IV***
(2020) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *One-reeler* | |
| 1. "Panorama"
Released: December 7, 2020 | |
|  | |


title: Pimelea leucantha

abstract: Pimelea leucantha is a species of flowering plant in the family Thymelaeaceae and is endemic to near-coastal areas in the west of Western Australia. It is a shrub with linear to narrowly egg-shaped or narrowly elliptic leaves and clusters of white to pale yellow flowers surrounded by 4 or 6 egg-shaped involucral bracts.

text:
# Pimelea leucantha

***Pimelea leucantha*** is a species of flowering plant in the family Thymelaeaceae and is endemic to near-coastal areas in the west of Western Australia. It is a shrub with linear to narrowly egg-shaped or narrowly elliptic leaves and clusters of white to pale yellow flowers surrounded by 4 or 6 egg-shaped involucral bracts.

## Description

*Pimelea leucantha* is an erect shrub that typically grows to a height of 0.4–2 m (1 ft 4 in – 6 ft 7 in) and has a single stem at ground level. The leaves are mostly linear to narrowly egg-shaped or narrowly elliptic, 12–28 mm (0.47–1.10 in) long and 1–5 mm (0.039–0.197 in) wide on a petiole 0.5–1.2 mm (0.020–0.047 in) long. The flowers are white to pale yellow and arranged in clusters on a peduncle 1–6 mm (0.039–0.236 in) long. There are 4 or 6 pale yellowish green, often pink-tinged, egg-shaped involucral bracts 14–24 mm (0.55–0.94 in) long and 6–14 mm (0.24–0.55 in) wide around the flower clusters, each flower on a hairy pedicel 1.0–1.5 mm (0.039–0.059 in) long. The sepals are 3.0–5.5 mm (0.12–0.22 in) long, the narrow section of the floral tube 9–14 mm (0.35–0.55 in) long, and the stamens usually shorter than the sepals. Flowering occurs from August to early November.

## Taxonomy

*Pimelea leucantha* was first formally described in 1904 by Ludwig Diels in *Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie*. The specific epithet (*leucantha*) means "white-flowered".

## Distribution and habitat

This pimelea grows in deep sand, or in sand over rock mainly in jarrah or *Banksia* woodland in near coastal areas of Western Australia, from Tamala Station near Kalbarri to Nine Mile Lake Nature Reserve near Pinjarra, and extending inland as far as Three Springs, in the Avon Wheatbelt, Geraldton Sandplains, Swan Coastal Plain and Yalgoo bioregions.

## Conservation status

*Pimelea leucantha* is listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.

## InfoBox

| *Pimelea leucantha* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Near Cataby | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malvales |
| Family: | Thymelaeaceae |
| Genus: | *Pimelea* |
| Species: | ***P. leucantha*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pimelea leucantha***<br>Diels | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Pimelea rosea var. calocephala* Meisn. | |


title: Nathpa Jhakri Dam

abstract: The Nathpa Jhakri Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the Sutlej river in Himachal Pradesh, India. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power production and it supplies a 1,500 megawatts (2,000,000 hp) underground power station with water. Before reaching the power station, water is diverted through a 27.4 km (17 mi) headrace tunnel. Construction on the project began in 1993 and it was complete in 2004. The last two of the 250 megawatts (340,000 hp) Francis turbine-generators went online in March 2004. It is owned by SJVN.

text:
# Nathpa Jhakri Dam

The **Nathpa Jhakri Dam** is a concrete gravity dam on the Sutlej river in Himachal Pradesh, India. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power production and it supplies a 1,500 megawatts (2,000,000 hp) underground power station with water. Before reaching the power station, water is diverted through a 27.4 km (17 mi) headrace tunnel. Construction on the project began in 1993 and it was complete in 2004. The last two of the 250 megawatts (340,000 hp) Francis turbine-generators went online in March 2004. It is owned by SJVN.

## Scheduling and generation despatch

The scheduling and despatch of the Nathpa Jhakri Hydro Power plant is done by Northern Regional Load Despatch Centre which is the apex body to ensure the integrated operation of the power system grid in the Northern region and comes under Power System Operation Corporation Limited (POSOCO).

## Sponsors and investors

## InfoBox

| Nathpa Jhakri Dam | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of Nathpa Jhakri Dam in IndiaNathpa Jhakri Dam (Himachal Pradesh) | |
| Location | Himachal Pradesh
India |
| Coordinates | 31°33′50″N 77°58′49″E / 31.56389°N 77.98028°E / 31.56389; 77.98028 |
| Construction began | 1993 |
| Opening date | May 2004 |
| Construction cost | 8187 crores |
| Owner(s) | SJVN |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Type of dam | Concrete gravity |
| Impounds | Satluj River |
| Height | 67.5 m (221 ft) |
| Length | 185 m (607 ft) |
| Dam volume | 200,000 m3 (261,590 cu yd) |
| Spillway capacity | 5,660 m3/s (199,881 cu ft/s) |
| Reservoir | |
| Total capacity | 3,430,000 m3 (2,781 acre⋅ft) |
| Active capacity | 3,030,000 m3 (2,456 acre⋅ft) |
| Surface area | 234.5 m (769 ft) |
| Nathpa Jhakri Hydro Power Station | |
| Coordinates | 31°29′52.5″N 77°42′33″E / 31.497917°N 77.70917°E / 31.497917; 77.70917 |
| Operator(s) | SJVN |
| Commission date | May 2004 |
| Hydraulic head | 428 m (1,404 ft) |
| Turbines | 6 × 250 MW Francis-type |
| Installed capacity | 1,500 MW |
| **Website**
sjvn.nic.in/businessprojectdetails/28/5/7 | |


title: Youth & Society

abstract: Youth & Society is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers in the field of sociology. The journal's editor is Marc Zimmerman. It has been in publication since 1969 and is currently published by SAGE Publications.

text:
# Youth & Society

***Youth & Society*** is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers in the field of sociology. The journal's editor is Marc Zimmerman (University of Michigan). It has been in publication since 1969 and is currently published by SAGE Publications.

## Scope

*Youth & Society* focuses on issues related to the second decade of life. The interdisciplinary journal covers transitional issues from childhood to adolescence and from adolescence to adulthood as well as the social, contextual, and political factors that influence both healthy and harmful adolescent development.

## Abstracting and indexing

*Youth & Society* is abstracted and indexed in, among other databases: SCOPUS, and the Social Sciences Citation Index. According to the *Journal Citation Reports*, its 2017 impact factor is 2.13, ranking it 28 out of 146 journals in the category 'Sociology'. and 13 out of 98 journals in the category 'Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary'. and 8 out of 40 journals in the category 'Social Issues'.

## InfoBox

*Youth & Society*
| Language | English |
| --- | --- |
| Edited by | Marc Zimmerman |
| Publication details | |
| History | 1969-present |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications |
| Frequency | Quarterly |
| Impact factor | 2.13 (2017) |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Youth Soc.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 0044-118X
 |
| LCCN | 73011617 |
| OCLC no. | 8797084 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Security Building (Dubuque, Iowa)

abstract: The Security Building, also known as the Stampfer Building, is a historic structure in Dubuque, Iowa, United States. The cream-colored building is associated with the J. F. Stampfer Co. department store.

text:
# Security Building (Dubuque, Iowa)

The **Security Building**, also known as the **Stampfer Building**, is a historic structure in Dubuque, Iowa, United States. The cream-colored building is associated with the J. F. Stampfer Co. department store.

## History

Dan A. Sullivan founded a dry goods store with Paul Kees in 1877. When Kees died in 1883, he was replaced with Joseph Frederick Stampfer. The store originally operated in the Town Clock Building. Stampfer formed a partnership with F. W. Altman to raise stock for the construction of a new building in 1895. In 1896, the firm commissioned the southern half of the Security Building. Across the street from the Town Clock Building, the Security Building sat on the central block of town. A grand opening was held on September 22. Household goods were sold on the third floor, millinery and other clothing was on the second floor, and women's attire was on the first floor. The fourth floor was probably used as a warehouse.

Stampfer himself designed the interior of the structure while Fridolin J. Heer & Son were commissioned to design the exterior. The design, with its cream terra cotta exterior, was a departure from other Dubuque brick-and-stone architecture. The original plan was the double the size of the building in 1898; however, for unknown reasons, this did not happen. Sullivan retired in 1901 and the firm became known as the J. F. Stampfer Company. The northern half was added in 1907, designed by Thomas Carkeek. The upper floors of this half of the store were leased out to the Boston One Price Clothing Store and the Harger & Blish booksellers. Stampfer occupied all of the first floor. The store occupied the building through the late 1960s. Thomas M. Stampfer, the son of Joseph, assumed the presidency following Joseph's death in 1937. He changed the name of the building to the Stampfer Building.

The building was recognized by the National Park Service with a listing on the National Register of Historic Places on August 8, 2006.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Security Building | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 800 Main St.<br>Dubuque, Iowa |
| Coordinates | 42°30′4″N 90°40′1″W / 42.50111°N 90.66694°W / 42.50111; -90.66694 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1896 (1896) |
| Architect | Fridolin J. Heer & Son, Thomas Carkeek |
| Architectural style | Beaux Arts |
| MPS | Dubuque, Iowa MPS |
| NRHP reference No. | 06000681 |
| Added to NRHP | August 8, 2006 |


title: Gaut

abstract: Gaut is an early Germanic name, from a Proto-Germanic gautaz, which represents a mythical ancestor or national god in the origin myth of the Geats.

text:
# Gaut

***Gaut*** is an early Germanic name, from a Proto-Germanic *gautaz*, which represents a mythical ancestor or national god in the origin myth of the Geats.

## Etymology

*Gautaz* may be connected to the name of the Swedish river Göta älv at the city of Gothenburg.

The Geatish ethnonym \*gautaz is related to the ethnonym of the Goths and of the Gutes (inhabitants of the island of Gotland), deriving from Proto-Germanic \*gutô (cf. Gothic *Gut-þiuda*, Old Norse *gotar* or *gutar*).

## Tribal name

Early inhabitants of present-day Götaland called themselves Geats (in Swedish *Götar*), derived from **Gautaz* (plural **Gautôz*), "to pour".

## Accounts

The German chronicler Johannes Aventinus (ca. 1525) reported Gothus as one of 20 dukes who accompanied Tuisto into Europe, settling Gothaland as his personal fief, during the reign of Nimrod at Babel. The Swede Johannes Magnus around the same time as Aventinus, wrote that Gothus or Gethar, also known as Gogus or Gog, was one of Magog's sons, who became first king of the Goths (Geats) in Gothaland. Magnus separately listed Gaptus as son and successor of Berig, first king of the Goths south of the Baltic.

## Theonym

*Gautr* is also one of the Eddaic names of Odin in Norse mythology, but also as an alternative form of the name *Gauti*, who was one of Odin's sons, and the founder of the kingdom of the Geats, Götaland (**Gautland**/*Geatland*), in *Bósa saga ok Herrauðs* (c. 1300). This Gautr/Gauti also appears as the father of the recurrent and undatable Geatish king Gautrekr in that saga, and several other sagas produced between 1225 and 1310.

## Anglo-Saxon royal genealogies

Some versions of the English royal line of Wessex add names above that of Woden, purportedly giving Woden's ancestry, but the names are now usually thought be from another royal lineage erroneously added to the standard genealogy.

Some of the genealogies end in Geat (or Geata) who is identified as an ancestor of Woden, and father of Godwulf. Geat, it is reasonable to think, might be Gaut. Others continue with Geat's father, Tatwa (Tetuua), and even further, stretching back to Adam. In the *Life of Alfred* (893), Asser states that the pagans worshipped Geat himself, for a long time, as a god. He quotes a disdainful verse attributed to Coelius Sedulius (5th century).

The 10th-century poem of Deor briefly mentions Geat and his wife, Maethehilde. The account in the *Historia Britonum* (c. 835; generally attributed to Nennius) says that Geat was considered the son of a god by the heathens of England . Elsewhere, it names Gothus, a son of Armenon, as the Goths' ancestor.


title: Pill-Soon Song

abstract: Pill-Soon Song is a professor in Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea. Song specializes in molecular photobiology. He worked on the structure-function relation of phytochromes and other photoreceptors including stentorin and blepharismin. Presently, his research revolves around the molecular mechanisms involved in overexpression of phytochrome and its related genes in turfgrass and other plant species. Acknowledging his contributions to photobiology, he was elected as Editor-in-Chief for the American Society for Photobiology journal, Photochemistry and Photobiology (1975–1994) and received the Finsen Medal in 2009 awarded by the International Union of Photobiology.

text:
# Pill-Soon Song

**Pill-Soon Song** is a professor in Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea. Song specializes in molecular photobiology. He worked on the structure-function relation of phytochromes and other photoreceptors including stentorin and blepharismin. Presently, his research revolves around the molecular mechanisms involved in overexpression of phytochrome and its related genes in turfgrass and other plant species. Acknowledging his contributions to photobiology, he was elected as Editor-in-Chief for the American Society for Photobiology journal, *Photochemistry and Photobiology* (1975–1994) and received the Finsen Medal in 2009 awarded by the International Union of Photobiology.

## Life and education

Born in Osaka, Japan, he studied agricultural chemistry (Bachelor of Science, 1959) at Seoul National University. and pursued postgraduate studies, receiving a (Master of Science, 1961) at Seoul National University. He received his Ph.D from University of California, Davis in 1964. After a post-doctoral research fellowship at Iowa State University under Prof. David E. Metzler from 1964–65, he then joined Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, Texas, USA as Assistant Professor in Chemistry.

## Awards and honors

Among Song's awards and honours are:

* 1975-1987 Paul Whitfield Horn Professorship, Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, TX
* 1978 Faculty Distinguished Published Research Award, Texas Tech Univ. DADS Association & Hemphill Wells Foundation, Plaque and Award
* 1979 Faculty Research Award, College of Arts and Sciences, Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, TX, Plaque and Award
* 1990-2003 Dow Chemical Company Distinguished Professorship, UNL
* 1991 Outstanding Research Award, American Society for Photobiology (based on work published through 1989/90)
* 1996 Member (Elected), Korean Academy of Science and Technology
* 1996 Outstanding Alumni Achievement Award, 90th Anniversary of the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National Univ., October 1997
* 1997 Life Member (Elected), Korean Academy of Science and Technology
* 1997 Outstanding Research Achievement Medal, European Society for Photobiology, presented at the 1997 ESP Congress, Stresa, Italy, September, 1997.
* 1998 Univ. of Hasanuddin Univ. Presidential Medal, Photobiology Contributions, Ujung Pandang, Indonesia, September, 1998
* 2000 Lifetime Achievement Award, American Society for Photobiology/13th International Congress on Photobiology, San Francisco, July 1–6, 2000
* 2000 Outstanding Research and Creative Activity Award, State of Nebraska/Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, March 29, 2000
* 2000 Ho-Am Prize in Science, The Ho-Am Foundation/Samsung Corporation, June 1, 2000
* 2007 Outstanding Alumnus, Hall of Fame, Seoul Natl Univ. College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
* 2009 Finsen Medal in Photobiology, International Union of Photobiology, June 18, 2009

## InfoBox

| Pill-Soon Song | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1936-08-05)August 5, 1936<br>Osaka, Japan |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Photobiology |
| Institutions | Dow Chemical Professor(Emeritus), Department of Chemistry, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA, and Distinguished Chair Professor, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea |
| Doctoral students | Minjoong Yoon |
|  | |


title: George C. Page Stadium

abstract: George C. Page Stadium is a baseball venue in Los Angeles, California, USA. It is home to the Loyola Marymount Lions baseball team of the NCAA's Division I West Coast Conference. Opened in 1983, it has a capacity of 1,200 spectators. The stadium is named for George C. Page, head of the Incentive Aid Foundation, which covered much of the venue's construction costs. Features of Page include a "Blue Monster" in left field, training areas, and reception facilities. In the stadium's first game, played on March 19, 1983, Loyola Marymount lost to Cal State Fullerton 5-1. As of 2011, the Lions' all-time record at Page Stadium was 471-352-4 (.572). Their best single-season mark came in 1988, when they had a 30-5 (.857) record.

text:
# George C. Page Stadium

**George C. Page Stadium** is a baseball venue in Los Angeles, California, USA. It is home to the Loyola Marymount Lions baseball team of the NCAA's Division I West Coast Conference. Opened in 1983, it has a capacity of 1,200 spectators. The stadium is named for George C. Page, head of the Incentive Aid Foundation, which covered much of the venue's construction costs. Features of Page include a "Blue Monster" in left field, training areas, and reception facilities.

In the stadium's first game, played on March 19, 1983, Loyola Marymount lost to Cal State Fullerton 5-1. As of 2011, the Lions' all-time record at Page Stadium was 471-352-4 (.572). Their best single-season mark came in 1988, when they had a 30-5 (.857) record.

## Features

Of the venue's 1,200 person capacity, 200 is theatre seating and 400 is metal bleachers with chairbacks. Standing room and a first-base side picnic area account for the remaining 600.

The field's generic features include a press box and concession stands, and recent renovations have added more to the facility.

### Mikos Blue Monster

Modeled after Fenway Park's Green Monster, the Mikos Blue Monster stands 37 ft (11 m). high and 130 ft (40 m). wide in left field. It contains an 18 ft (5.5 m). by 46 ft (14 m). manual scoreboard, also much like Fenway's. A gift by LMU alumnus Paul Mikos (Class of 1966) allowed the wall and scoreboard to be constructed in 2001.

### The Lion's Cage

The Lion's Cage is an all-weather practice facility that was built during the 2007-08 offseason. The 8,000-square-foot (740 m2) facility contains batting cages, pitching mounds, open spaces, and strength and conditioning areas. Large doors on either side of the den allow for all-weather use.

### Pride Park

Built after the 2004 season, Pride Park is a meeting and reception area at the entrance of Page Stadium. With a surface modeled as a miniature baseball diamond, it is often used for alumni events.

Page Stadium

## Other uses

Page has hosted four West Coast Conference baseball tournaments. It also hosts youth baseball games and clinics.

The stadium is often used as a filming locale. Its most notable role in this capacity was in the 1990 movie *My Blue Heaven*, which starred Steve Martin.

1. "George C. Page Stadium". *LMU Lions*. Archived from the original on 2011-10-01. Retrieved 28 July 2011.
2. "UCSB Plays at LMU on Wednesday, Hosts San Jose State This Weekend". *UCSB Gauchos*. March 30, 2011. Archived from the original on 2012-03-28. Retrieved 28 July 2011.
3. "My Blue Heaven (1990)". *Internet Movie Database*. Archived from the original on 2011-04-13. Retrieved 28 July 2011.

## InfoBox

George C. Page Stadium
| Pride Park, outside Page Stadium | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Loyola Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, USA |
| Coordinates | 33°58′01″N 118°24′54″W / 33.967055°N 118.414921°W / 33.967055; -118.414921 |
| Owner | Loyola Marymount University |
| Operator | Loyola Marymount University |
| Capacity | 1,200 |
| Scoreboard | Manual, 18 ft. x 46 ft. |
| Construction | |
| Built | 1983 |
| Opened | March 19, 1983 |
| Renovated | 2001, 2004, 2008 |
| Tenants | |
| Loyola Marymount Lions baseball (1983-present) | |


title: Veneto Autonomous Region Movement

abstract: The Veneto Autonomous Region Movement was a Venetist political party active in Veneto. MVRA was launched in 1987 by Geppino and Umberto Vecchiato and by Giulio Pizzati's Liga Federativa Veneta (LFV), founded in 1983. The party included also Flaminio De Poli, who had been one of the most outspoken independentist figures in Veneto so far and who had been particularly critical of the alliance between Liga Veneta and Lega Lombarda. In the 1992 general election MVRA gained 1.5% of the regional vote. By 2000 the party was merged into Liga Veneta Repubblica (LVR).

text:
# Veneto Autonomous Region Movement

The **Veneto Autonomous Region Movement** (*Movimento Veneto Regione Autonoma*, MVRA) was a Venetist political party active in Veneto.

MVRA was launched in 1987 by Geppino and Umberto Vecchiato (splinters of Liga Veneta) and by Giulio Pizzati's **Liga Federativa Veneta** (LFV), founded in 1983. The party included also Flaminio De Poli, who had been one of the most outspoken independentist figures in Veneto so far and who had been particularly critical of the alliance between Liga Veneta and Lega Lombarda.

In the 1992 general election MVRA gained 1.5% of the regional vote.

By 2000 the party was merged into Liga Veneta Repubblica (LVR).

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Veneto Autonomous Region Movement Movimento Veneto Regione Autonoma | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Founded | 1987 |
| Dissolved | 2000 |
| Split from | Liga Veneta |
| Merged into | Liga Veneta Repubblica |
| Ideology | Regionalism<br>Venetian nationalism |
|  | |


title: One-relator group

abstract: In the mathematical subject of group theory, a one-relator group is a group given by a group presentation with a single defining relation. One-relator groups play an important role in geometric group theory by providing many explicit examples of finitely presented groups.

text:
# One-relator group

In the mathematical subject of group theory, a **one-relator group** is a group given by a group presentation with a single defining relation. One-relator groups play an important role in geometric group theory by providing many explicit examples of finitely presented groups.

## Formal definition

A one-relator group is a group *G* that admits a group presentation of the form

where *X* is a set (in general possibly infinite), and where $r\in F(X)$ is a freely and cyclically reduced word.

If *Y* is the set of all letters $x\in X$ that appear in *r* and $X'=X\setminus Y$ then

$$G=\langle Y\mid r=1\\,\rangle \ast F(X').$$

For that reason *X* in () is usually assumed to be finite where one-relator groups are discussed, in which case () can be rewritten more explicitly as

where $X=\\{x\_{1},\dots ,x\_{n}\\}$ for some integer $n\geq 1.$

## Freiheitssatz

Let *G* be a one-relator group given by presentation () above. Recall that *r* is a freely and cyclically reduced word in *F*(*X*). Let $y\in X$ be a letter such that $y$ or $y^{-1}$ appears in *r*. Let $X\_{1}\subseteq X\setminus \\{y\\}$. The subgroup $H=\langle X\_{1}\rangle \leq G$ is called a Magnus subgroup of *G*.

A famous 1930 theorem of Wilhelm Magnus, known as Freiheitssatz, states that in this situation *H* is freely generated by $X\_{1}$, that is, $H=F(X\_{1})$. See also for other proofs.

## Properties of one-relator groups

Here we assume that a one-relator group *G* is given by presentation () with a finite generating set $X=\\{x\_{1},\dots ,x\_{n}\\}$ and a nontrivial freely and cyclically reduced defining relation $1\neq r\in F(X)$.

* A one-relator group *G* is torsion-free if and only if $r\in F(x\_{1},\ldots ,x\_{n})$ is not a proper power.

* A one-relator presentation is diagrammatically aspherical.

* If $r\in F(x\_{1},\ldots ,x\_{n})$ is not a proper power then a one-relator group *G* has cohomological dimension $\leq 2$.

* A one-relator group *G* is free if and only if $r\in F(x\_{1},\ldots ,x\_{n})$ is a primitive element; in this case *G* is free of rank *n*  1.

* Suppose the element $r\in F(x\_{1},\ldots ,x\_{n})$ is of minimal length under the action of $\operatorname {Aut} (F\_{n})$, and suppose that for every $i=1,\dots ,n$ either $x\_{i}$ or $x\_{i}^{-1}$ occurs in *r*. Then the group *G* is freely indecomposable.

* If $r\in F(x\_{1},\ldots ,x\_{n})$ is not a proper power then a one-relator group *G* is locally indicable, that is, every nontrivial finitely generated subgroup of *G* admits a group homomorphism onto $\mathbb {Z} $.

* A one-relator group *G* given by presentation () has rank *n* (that is, it cannot be generated by fewer than *n* elements) unless $r\in F(x\_{1},\ldots ,x\_{n})$ is a primitive element.

* Let *G* be a one-relator group given by presentation (). If $n\geq 3$ then the center of *G* is trivial, $Z(G)=\\{1\\}$. If $n=2$ and *G* is non-abelian with non-trivial center, then the center of *G* is infinite cyclic.

* Let $r,s\in F(X)$ where $X=\\{x\_{1},\dots ,x\_{n}\\}$. Let $N\_{1}=\langle \langle r\rangle \rangle \_{F(X)}$ and $N\_{2}=\langle \langle s\rangle \rangle \_{F(X)}$ be the normal closures of *r* and *s* in *F*(*X*) accordingly. Then $N\_{1}=N\_{2}$ if and only if $r$ is conjugate to $s$ or $s^{-1}$ in *F*(*X*).

* Let *G* be a one-relator group given by presentation (). Then *G* satisfies the following version of the Tits alternative. If *G* is torsion-free then every subgroup of *G* either contains a free group of rank 2 or is solvable. If *G* has nontrivial torsion, then every subgroup of *G* either contains a free group of rank 2, or is cyclic, or is infinite dihedral.

* Let *G* be a one-relator group given by presentation (). Then the normal subgroup $N=\langle \langle r\rangle \rangle \_{F(X)}\leq F(X)$ admits a free basis of the form $\\{u\_{i}^{-1}ru\_{i}\mid i\in I\\}$ for some family of elements $\\{u\_{i}\in F(X)\mid i\in I\\}$.

## One-relator groups with torsion

Suppose a one-relator group *G* given by presentation () where $r=s^{m}$ where $m\geq 2$ and where $1\neq s\in F(X)$ is not a proper power (and thus *s* is also freely and cyclically reduced). Then the following hold:

* The element *s* has order *m* in *G*, and every element of finite order in *G* is conjugate to a power of *s*.

* Every finite subgroup of *G* is conjugate to a subgroup of $\langle s\rangle $ in *G*. Moreover, the subgroup of *G* generated by all torsion elements is a free product of a family of conjugates of $\langle s\rangle $ in *G*.

* *G* admits a torsion-free normal subgroup of finite index.

* Newman's "spelling theorem" Let $1\neq w\in F(X)$ be a freely reduced word such that $w=1$ in *G*. Then *w* contains a subword *v* such that *v* is also a subword of $r$ or $r^{-1}$ of length $|v|=1+(m-1)|s|$. Since $m\geq 2$ that means that $|v|\>|r|/2$ and presentation () of *G* is a Dehn presentation.

* *G* has virtual cohomological dimension $\leq 2$.

* *G* is coherent, that is every finitely generated subgroup of *G* is finitely presentable.

* The isomorphism problem is decidable for finitely generated one-relator groups with torsion, by virtue of their hyperbolicity.

* $G$ is virtually free-by-cyclic, i.e. $G$ has a subgroup $H$ of finite-index such that there is a free normal subgroup $F\triangleleft H$ with cyclic quotient $F/H$.

## Magnus–Moldavansky method

Starting with the work of Magnus in the 1930s, most general results about one-relator groups are proved by induction on the length |*r*| of the defining relator *r*. The presentation below follows Section 6 of Chapter II of Lyndon and Schupp and Section 4.4 of Magnus, Karrass and Solitar for Magnus' original approach and Section 5 of Chapter IV of Lyndon and Schupp for the Moldavansky's HNN-extension version of that approach.

Let *G* be a one-relator group given by presentation () with a finite generating set *X*. Assume also that every generator from *X* actually occurs in *r*.

One can usually assume that $\\#X\geq 2$ (since otherwise *G* is cyclic and whatever statement is being proved about *G* is usually obvious).

The main case to consider when some generator, say *t*, from *X* occurs in *r* with exponent sum 0 on *t*. Say $X=\\{t,a,b,\dots ,z\\}$ in this case. For every generator $x\in X\setminus \\{t\\}$ one denotes $x\_{i}=t^{-i}xt^{i}$ where $i\in \mathbb {Z} $. Then *r* can be rewritten as a word $r\_{0}$ in these new generators $X\_{\infty }=\\{(a\_{i})\_{i},(b\_{i})\_{i},\dots ,(z\_{i})\_{i}\\}$ with $|r\_{0}|\<|r|$.

For example, if $r=t^{-2}btat^{3}b^{-2}a^{2}t^{-1}at^{-1}$ then $r\_{0}=b\_{2}a\_{1}b\_{-2}^{-2}a\_{-2}^{2}a\_{-1}$.

Let $X\_{0}$ be the alphabet consisting of the portion of $X\_{\infty }$ given by all $x\_{i}$ with $m(x)\leq i\leq M(x)$ where $m(x),M(x)$ are the minimum and the maximum subscripts with which $x\_{i}^{\pm 1}$ occurs in $r\_{0}$.

Magnus observed that the subgroup $L=\langle X\_{0}\rangle \leq G$ is itself a one-relator group with the one-relator presentation $L=\langle X\_{0}\mid r\_{0}=1\rangle $. Note that since $|r\_{0}|\<|r|$, one can usually apply the inductive hypothesis to $L$ when proving a particular statement about *G*.

Moreover, if $X\_{i}=t^{-i}X\_{0}t^{i}$ for $i\in \mathbb {Z} $ then $L\_{i}=\langle X\_{i}\rangle =\langle X\_{i}|r\_{i}=1\rangle $ is also a one-relator group, where $r\_{i}$ is obtained from $r\_{0}$ by shifting all subscripts by $i$. Then the normal closure $N=\langle \langle X\_{0}\rangle \rangle \_{G}$ of $X\_{0}$ in *G* is

$$N=\left\langle \bigcup \_{i\in \mathbb {Z} }L\_{i}\right\rangle .$$

Magnus' original approach exploited the fact that *N* is actually an iterated amalgamated product of the groups $L\_{i}$, amalgamated along suitably chosen Magnus free subgroups. His proof of Freiheitssatz and of the solution of the word problem for one-relator groups was based on this approach.

Later Moldavansky simplified the framework and noted that in this case *G* itself is an HNN-extension of *L* with associated subgroups being Magnus free subgroups of *L*.

If for every generator from $X\_{0}$ its minimum and maximum subscripts in $r\_{0}$ are equal then $G=L\ast \langle t\rangle $ and the inductive step is usually easy to handle in this case.

Suppose then that some generator from $X\_{0}$ occurs in $r\_{0}$ with at least two distinct subscripts. We put $Y\_{-}$ to be the set of all generators from $X\_{0}$ with non-maximal subscripts and we put $Y\_{+}$ to be the set of all generators from $X\_{0}$ with non-maximal subscripts. (Hence every generator from $Y\_{-}$ and from $Y\_{-}$ occurs in $r\_{0}$ with a non-unique subscript.) Then $H\_{-}=\langle Y\_{-}\rangle $ and $H\_{+}=\langle Y\_{+}\rangle $ are free Magnus subgroups of *L* and $t^{-1}H\_{-}t=H\_{+}$. Moldavansky observed that in this situation

$$G=\langle L,t\mid t^{-1}H\_{-}t=H\_{+}\rangle $$

is an HNN-extension of *L*. This fact often allows proving something about *G* using the inductive hypothesis about the one-relator group *L* via the use of normal form methods and structural algebraic properties for the HNN-extension *G*.

The general case, both in Magnus' original setting and in Moldavansky's simplification of it, requires treating the situation where no generator from *X* occurs with exponent sum 0 in *r*. Suppose that distinct letters $x,y\in X$ occur in *r* with nonzero exponents $\alpha ,\beta $ accordingly. Consider a homomorphism $f:F(X)\to F(X)$ given by $f(x)=xy^{-\beta },f(y)=y^{\alpha }$ and fixing the other generators from *X*. Then for $r'=f(r)\in F(X)$ the exponent sum on *y* is equal to 0. The map *f* induces a group homomorphism $\phi :G\to G'=\langle X\mid r'=1\rangle $ that turns out to be an embedding. The one-relator group *G'* can then be treated using Moldavansky's approach. When $G'$ splits as an HNN-extension of a one-relator group *L*, the defining relator $r\_{0}$ of *L* still turns out to be shorter than *r*, allowing for inductive arguments to proceed. Magnus' original approach used a similar version of an embedding trick for dealing with this case.

## Two-generator one-relator groups

It turns out that many two-generator one-relator groups split as semidirect products $G=F\_{m}\rtimes \mathbb {Z} $. This fact was observed by Ken Brown when analyzing the BNS-invariant of one-relator groups using the Magnus-Moldavansky method.

Namely, let *G* be a one-relator group given by presentation () with $n=2$ and let $\phi :G\to \mathbb {Z} $ be an epimorphism. One can then change a free basis of $F(X)$ to a basis $t,a$ such that $\phi (t)=1,\phi (a)=0$ and rewrite the presentation of *G* in this generators as

$$G=\langle a,t\mid r=1\rangle $$

where $1\neq r=r(a,t)\in F(a,t)$ is a freely and cyclically reduced word.

Since $\phi (r)=0,\phi (t)=1$, the exponent sum on *t* in *r* is equal to 0. Again putting $a\_{i}=t^{-i}at^{i}$, we can rewrite *r* as a word $r\_{0}$ in $(a\_{i})\_{i\in \mathbb {Z} }.$ Let $m,M$ be the minimum and the maximum subscripts of the generators occurring in $r\_{0}$. Brown showed that $\ker(\phi )$ is finitely generated if and only if $m\<M$ and both $a\_{m}$ and $a\_{M}$ occur exactly once in $r\_{0}$, and moreover, in that case the group $\ker(\phi )$ is free. Therefore if $\phi :G\to \mathbb {Z} $ is an epimorphism with a finitely generated kernel, then *G* splits as $G=F\_{m}\rtimes \mathbb {Z} $ where $F\_{m}=\ker(\phi )$ is a finite rank free group.

Later Dunfield and Thurston proved that if a one-relator two-generator group $G=\langle x\_{1},x\_{2}\mid r=1\rangle $ is chosen "at random" (that is, a cyclically reduced word *r* of length *n* in $F(x\_{1},x\_{2})$ is chosen uniformly at random) then the probability $p\_{n}$ that a homomorphism from *G* onto $\mathbb {Z} $ with a finitely generated kernel exists satisfies

$$0.0006\<p\_{n}\<0.975$$

for all sufficiently large *n*. Moreover, their experimental data indicates that the limiting value for $p\_{n}$ is close to $0.94$.

## Examples of one-relator groups

* Free abelian group $\mathbb {Z} \times \mathbb {Z} =\langle a,b\mid a^{-1}b^{-1}ab=1\rangle $

* Baumslag–Gersten group $G=\langle a,t\mid a^{a^{t}=a^{2}\rangle =\langle a,t\mid (t^{-1}a^{-1}t)a(t^{-1}at)=a^{2}\rangle }$

* Oriented surface group $G=\langle a\_{1},b\_{1},\dots ,a\_{n},b\_{n}\mid \[a\_{1},b\_{1}\]\dots \[a\_{n},b\_{n}\]=1\rangle $ where $\[a,b\]=a^{-1}b^{-1}ab$ and where $n\geq 1$.

* Non-oriented surface group $G=\langle a\_{1},\dots ,a\_{n}\mid a\_{1}^{2}\cdots a\_{n}^{2}=1\rangle $, where $n\geq 1$.

## Generalizations and open problems

* If *A* and *B* are two groups, and $r\in A\ast B$ is an element in their free product, one can consider a **one-relator product** $G=A\ast B/\langle \langle r\rangle \rangle =\langle A,B\mid r=1\rangle $.

* The so-called Kervaire conjecture, also known as Kervaire–Laudenbach conjecture, asks if it is true that if *A* is a nontrivial group and $B=\langle t\rangle $ is infinite cyclic then for every $r\in A\ast B$ the one-relator product $G=\langle A,t\mid r=1\rangle $ is nontrivial.

* Klyachko proved the Kervaire conjecture for the case where *A* is torsion-free.

* A conjecture attributed to Gersten says that a finitely generated one-relator group is word-hyperbolic if and only if it contains no Baumslag–Solitar subgroups.

## Sources

* Wilhelm Magnus, Abraham Karrass, Donald Solitar, *Combinatorial group theory. Presentations of groups in terms of generators and relations*, Reprint of the 1976 second edition, Dover Publications, Inc., Mineola, NY, 2004. ISBN 0-486-43830-9. MR2109550


title: Pinguipes chilensis

abstract: Pinguipes chilensis, commonly known as the Chilean sandperch, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Pinguipedidae. It is found in the southeastern Pacific Ocean off the coasts of Peru and Chile.

text:
# Pinguipes chilensis

***Pinguipes chilensis***, commonly known as the **Chilean sandperch**, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Pinguipedidae. It is found in the southeastern Pacific Ocean off the coasts of Peru and Chile.

## Description

*P. chilensis* can grow to a maximum length of 51 cm (20 in). The dorsal fin has six spines and twenty-eight soft rays, and the anal fin has a single spine and twenty-five soft rays. A specimen caught by Charles Darwin during the *Beagle* voyage was described as being more elongated than *Pinguipes brasilianus*, being about six and a half times as long as the body is deep and as having two longitudinal rows of ill-defined spots on the flanks and a larger, dark-coloured, round spot at the base of the caudal fin.

## Distribution and habitat

*P. chilensis* is found in the southeastern Pacific Ocean. Its range extends from Tumbes in northern Peru, southwards to the Magallanes Region of southern Chile. It is found on muddy bottoms as well as on rocks and sand, to depths of 100 m (330 ft). It is also present in the kelp forest alongside other carnivorous fish such as the Peruvian morwong (*Cheilodactylus variegatus*), the sea chub (*Graus nigra*) and the Cape redfish (*Sebastes capensis*).

## Ecology

*P. chilensis* is a generalist predator, its diet consisting mainly of crustaceans, with smaller quantities of fish and polycheate worms; less often eaten are molluscs, brittle stars, sea urchins, proboscis worms, peanut worms, spoon worms and tunicates. Small fish (less than 30 cm (12 in) long) fed largely of the amphipod *Ampelisca araucana* while medium size fish mostly took mysids such as *Neomysis* sp. The largest fish (over 40 cm (16 in) long) mostly preyed on other species of fish, worms, molluscs and sea urchins. The diet also varies according to the time of year and the seasonal availability of prey species, with more fish being taken in the autumn. This fish is oviparous, with spawning taking place in the spring.

## InfoBox

| *Pinguipes chilensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| A depiction of *Pinguipes chilensis* in Le Règne Animal (Georges Cuvier). | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Trachiniformes |
| Family: | Pinguipedidae |
| Genus: | *Pinguipes* |
| Species: | ***P. chilensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pinguipes chilensis***<br>Valenciennes, 1833 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Pseudopercis chilensis* (Valenciennes, 1833) | |