title: Volvo Modular engine

abstract: The Volvo Modular Engine is a family of straight-four, straight-five, and straight-six automobile piston engines that was produced by Volvo Cars in Skövde, Sweden from 1990 until 2016. All engines feature an aluminium engine block and aluminium cylinder head, forged steel connecting rods, aluminium pistons and double overhead camshafts.

text:
# Volvo Modular engine

The **Volvo Modular Engine** is a family of straight-four, straight-five, and straight-six automobile piston engines that was produced by Volvo Cars in Skövde, Sweden from 1990 until 2016. All engines feature an aluminium engine block and aluminium cylinder head, forged steel connecting rods, aluminium pistons and double overhead camshafts.

## History

The *Volvo Modular Engine* was developed as part of *Project Galaxy* which began in the late 1970s. The prototype engines called *X-100* had only four cylinders but already featured the sandwich and all aluminium construction of the later production variants. Early prototypes of the *X-100* were designed similar to the existing redblock engines with a single camshaft and the oil filter mounted on the side of the engine rather than the bottom.

The first available engine was the B6304F which debuted in August 1990 in the Volvo 960. A year later, with the introduction of the Volvo 850 in June 1991, the first five-cylinder variant in form of the B5254F hit the market. It was equipped with **V-VIS** (**Volvo Variable Intake System**) which was designed to improve engine response between 1500 and 4100 rpm. **V-VIS** was only available on naturally aspirated 20V engines with the Bosch LH-3.2/EZ-129K engine management. The system was discontinued after model year 1996. In 1995, with the launch of the Volvo S40 the four-cylinder B4184S and B4204S engines were released. The same year Volvo shared the B4204S and B5244S engines with Renault, who used them in the Laguna and Safrane models under the name *N7Q* and *N7U*.
In 1998, with the introduction of the 1999 model year S80, Volvo began to transition to updated versions of their **N**-series engines, now called **RN**, short for *revised **N***. Drive-by-wire, coil-on-plug systems and variable valve timing (VVT) were introduced along with new engine management systems. 10-valve engines were slowly phased out in favour of detuned 20-valve versions.

With the introduction of the second generation S40 in 2003 another update to the engine family took place. The new engine was called **RNC**, the 'C' standing for 'compact' to emphasise the decrease in overall dimensions. Compared to the previous generation the new engine was 200mm slimmer and 25mm shorter. On turbocharged engines the exhaust manifold and turbine housing were now combined into one part; all engines were equipped with plastic intake manifolds and continuously variable valve timing (CVVT).
The **RN** engines remained in production alongside the **RNC** engines and were slowly phased out, beginning with the introduction of the second generation S80 in 2006. The new SI6 engine family was introduced to replace the 6-cylinder variants of the Volvo Modular Engine at the same time.

### Nomenclature

The engine codes consist of a series of letters and digits:

* 1st: Fuel type (B/D/GB) **B** = Bensin (Petrol), **D** = Diesel, **GB** = Gas & Bensin
* 2nd: Number of cylinders (4/5/6)
* 3rd & 4th: Approximate displacement in deciliters, may be rounded up or down. (23 ~= 2.3 L)
* 5th: Valves per cylinder (2/4)
* 6th: Induction method (S/T/F/G/GS/FS/FT/SG) **S** = standard (naturally aspirated), **T** = turbocharged, **F** = fuel injection with catalytic converter, **G** = leaded fuel compatible, **GS** = leaded fuel compatible, naturally aspirated, **FS** = fuel injected standard (naturally aspirated) with catalytic converter, **FT** = fuel injected, turbocharged with catalytic converter, **SG** = standard (naturally aspirated) compatible with alternative fuels (LPG / CNG)
* 7th: Engine generation or engine variant (2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11)

Engine codes are not necessarily unique to a specific engine as power levels can vary depending on market, manufacturer and model.

## Four-cylinder engines (B4)

### B4164 (1.6)

#### B4164S

The **B4164S** is a 1.6 L (1,587 cc) straight-four. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 10.5:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 105 PS (77 kW; 104 hp) at 5500 rpm with 143 N⋅m (105 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4200 rpm. It is equipped with Siemens Fenix 5.1 engine management.

Applications:

#### B4164S2

The **B4164S2** is a 1.6 L (1,587 cc) straight-four. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 10:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 109 PS (80 kW; 108 hp) at 5800 rpm with 145 N⋅m (107 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4000 rpm. It features intake cam VVT.

Applications:

### B4184 (1.8)

#### B4184S

The **B4184S** is a 1.8 L (1,731 cc) straight-four. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 80.0 mm (3.1 in) with a compression ratio of 10.5:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 115 PS (85 kW; 113 hp) at 5500 rpm with 165 N⋅m (122 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4100 rpm. It is equipped with Siemens Fenix 5.1 engine management.

Applications:

* 1995–1999 Volvo S40 badged as *S40 1.8* or *S40 1.8 16V*
* 1995–1999 Volvo V40 badged as *V40 1.8* or *V40 1.8 16V*

#### B4184S2

The **B4184S2** is a 1.8 L (1,783 cc) straight-four. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 82.4 mm (3.2 in). It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 122 PS (90 kW; 120 hp) at 5800 rpm with 170 N⋅m (125 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4000 rpm. It features intake cam VVT.

Applications:

* 1999–2004 Volvo S40 badged as *S40 1.8i* or *S40 1.8i SE*
* 1999–2004 Volvo V40 badged as *V40 1.8i* or *V40 1.8i SE*

The S40 V40 1.8 also came with a Mitsubishi 4G93 gasoline direct-injection engine (GDI) These displace 1834 cc and were given type designation **B4184SM** and **B4184SJ** by Volvo. These engines bear no resemblance to the Volvo engines.

#### B4184S3

The **B4184S3** is a 1.8 L (1,783 cc) straight-four. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 82.4 mm (3.2 in). It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 116 PS (85 kW; 114 hp) at 5800 rpm with 170 N⋅m (125 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4000 rpm. It features intake cam VVT.

Applications:

### B4194 (1.9)

#### B4194T

The **B4194T** is a 1.9 L (1,855 cc) straight-four. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) at 5500 rpm with 300 N⋅m (220 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2400–3600 rpm. It is equipped with Siemens EMS 2000 engine management and is equipped with a TD04L-14T turbocharger. There was also a **B4194T2** variant.

Specifications:

* Rod length: 139.5 mm (5.5 in)

Applications:

### B4204 (1.9)

The **B4204** are 1.9 L (1,948 cc) straight-fours; although they are typically treated like 2-liter engines by Volvo in terms of nomenclature. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in). Volvo also used the names **B4204S3** and -**S4** for the Mazda LF engine which was installed in a number of Volvos beginning in 2006, while the Ford-developed, turbocharged EcoBoost derivative was given the names **B4204T6** and -**T7** by Volvo.

#### B4204S

The **B4204S** is a 1.9 L (1,948 cc) straight-four with a compression ratio of 10.5:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 140 PS (103 kW; 138 hp) at 6000 rpm with 183 N⋅m (135 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4500 rpm. It is equipped with Siemens Fenix 5.1 engine management. Renault called this engine the *N7Q* when installed in their cars.

Applications:

#### B4204S2

The **B4204S2** is a 1.9 L (1,948 cc) straight-four. It is naturally aspirated and features variable valve timing (VVT).

#### B4204T

The **B4204T** is a 1.9 L (1,948 cc) straight-four with a compression ratio of 9.0:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 160 PS (118 kW; 158 hp) at 5100 rpm, and produces 230 N⋅m (170 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1800–4800 rpm. It is equipped with Siemens EMS 2000 engine management and is equipped with a TD04L-12T turbocharger.

Applications:

#### B4204T2

The **B4204T2** is a 1.9 L (1,948 cc) straight-four. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in). It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 160 PS (118 kW; 158 hp) at 5100 rpm with 230 N⋅m (170 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1800–4800 rpm. It features variable valve timing (VVT).

Applications:

#### B4204T3

The **B4204T3** is a 1.9 L (1,948 cc) straight-four. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in). It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 165 PS (121 kW; 163 hp) at 5250 rpm with 240 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1800–4500 rpm. It features variable valve timing (VVT).

Applications:

#### B4204T4

The **B4204T4** is a 1.9 L (1,948 cc) straight-four. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in). It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 172 PS (127 kW; 170 hp) at 5500 rpm with 240 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1800–5000 rpm. It is equipped with a TD04 12T turbocharger.

Applications:

#### B4204T5

The **B4204T5** is a 1.9 L (1,948 cc) straight-four. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in). It is turbocharged with the TD04L-15T turbocharger and intercooled with a power output of 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) at 5500 rpm with 300 N⋅m (220 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2500–4000 rpm. It features variable valve timing (VVT).

For the **B4204T6** and **T7**, see Ford EcoBoost.

Applications:

## Five-cylinder engines (B5)

### B5202/5204 (2.0)

#### B5202S

The **B5202S** is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 10.0:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 126 PS (93 kW; 124 hp) at 6250 rpm and produces 170 N⋅m (125 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4800 rpm. It is equipped with Siemens Fenix 5.2 engine management.

Applications:

#### B5202FS

The **B5202FS** is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 10.0:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 126 PS (93 kW; 124 hp) at 6250 rpm and produces 170 N⋅m (125 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4800 rpm. It is equipped with Siemens Fenix 5.2 engine management.

Applications:

#### B5204S

The **B5204S** is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in). It is naturally aspirated.

Applications:

#### B5204FS

The **B5204FS** is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Compression ratio of 10.3:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 143 PS (105 kW; 141 hp) at 6500 rpm with 176 N⋅m (130 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3800 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch LH-3.2/EZ-129K engine management.

Applications:

#### B5204FT

The **B5204FT** is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. It is turbocharged and intercooled.

Applications:

#### B5204T

The **B5204T** is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 8.4:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 210 PS (154 kW; 207 hp), and produces 300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) of torque. It is equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.3 engine management. It was offered only in Italy, Taiwan and Iceland, due to local tax laws.

Applications:

* 1994–1997 Volvo 850 badged as *850 T-5* (2.0)

#### B5204T2

The **B5204T2** is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 8.4:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 180 PS (132 kW; 178 hp) at 5700 rpm, and produces 220 N⋅m (162 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2100–5400 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.4 engine management.

Applications:

#### B5204T3

The **B5204T3** is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 8.4:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 225 PS (165 kW; 222 hp) at 5700 rpm and 310 N⋅m (229 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2700–5100 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.4 engine management for model years 1997 and 1998. It is equipped with Bosch ME7 for model years 1999 and 2000. It was only offered in Italy, Portugal, and Taiwan, due to high taxes on cars with more than 2000 cc engine capacity, and also in Norway.

Applications:

#### B5204T4

The **B5204T4** is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 9.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 163 PS (120 kW; 161 hp) at 5100 rpm, and produces 230 N⋅m (170 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1800–5000 rpm.

Applications:

#### B5204T5

The **B5204T5** is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 9.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 180 PS (132 kW; 178 hp) at 5300 rpm, and produces 240 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2000–5300 rpm.

Applications:

#### B5204T8

The **B5204T8** is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 10.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 180 PS (132 kW; 178 hp) at 5000 rpm, and produces 300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2700–4200 rpm.

Applications:

#### B5204T9

The **B5204T9** is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 10.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 213 PS (157 kW; 210 hp) at 6000 rpm, and produces 300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2700–5000 rpm.

Applications:

### B5234 (2.3)

#### B5234FS

The **B5234FS** is a 2.3 L (2,319 cc) straight-five. It is naturally aspirated and was only available on Thai market cars.

Applications:

#### B5234T

The **B5234T** is a 2.3 L (2,319 cc) straight-five. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 225 PS (165 kW; 222 hp) at 5200 rpm and 300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) of torque between 2000 and 5200 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.3 engine management.

Applications:

#### B5234T2

The **B5234T2** is a 2.3 L (2,319 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 218 PS (160 kW; 215 hp) at 5100 rpm and 330 N⋅m (243 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2700–4500 rpm. It was only available on Thailand market cars.

Applications:

#### B5234T3

The **B5234T3** is a 2.3 L (2,319 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is equipped with a Mitsubishi TD04HL-16T turbocharger and intercooled with a power output of 240 PS (176 kW; 236 hp) at 5100 rpm and 330 N⋅m (240 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2400–5100 rpm. Model years 1997 and 1998 are equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.4 engine management, model years 1999 and up are equipped with Bosch ME7 engine management. Also added for the 1999 model year was variable valve timing for the exhaust cam. For model year 2001 and up power output was increased to 250 PS (184 kW; 247 hp) at 5200 rpm with 330 N⋅m (240 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2400–5200 rpm.

Applications:

#### B5234T4

The **B5234T4** is a 2.3 L (2,319 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 250 PS (184 kW; 247 hp) at 6000 rpm and 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2400–5000 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.3 engine management. The 850 R models come with a TD04HL-16T turbo, S70 R and V70 R models come with a TD04HL-18T turbo.

Applications:

#### B5234T5

The **B5234T5**, sometimes also referred to as **B5234FT5**, is a 2.3 L (2,319 cc) straight-five. It is turbocharged and intercooled.
The T-5R has two different ratings for the power output: 225 PS (165 kW; 222 hp) at 5600 rpm under normal conditions and 240 PS (177 kW; 237 hp) at 5600 rpm with overboost. It provides 330 N⋅m (240 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3000–4800 rpm on cars with a manual transmission and 300 N⋅m (220 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2000–5600 rpm on cars with an automatic transmission. The R has a power output of 250 PS (184 kW; 247 hp) at 5400rpm and 350 N⋅m (258 lb.ft). It is equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.3 engine management.

Applications:

#### B5234T6

The **B5234T6** is a 2.3 L (2,319 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 240 PS (177 kW; 237 hp) at 6000 rpm and 310 N⋅m (230 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2700–5400 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.4 engine management.

Applications:

#### B5234T7

The **B5234T7** is a 2.3 L (2,319 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) at 5000 rpm and 285 N⋅m (210 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2000–5000 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch ME7 engine management.

Applications:

* 1998–2000 Volvo S70 badged as *.*
* 1998–2000 Volvo V70 badged as *.*
* 2000–2004 Volvo S80 badged as *S80 2.3T*
* 2001–2004 Volvo S60 badged as *S60 2.3T*

#### B5234T8

The **B5234T8** is a 2.3 L (2,319 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 250 PS (184 kW; 247 hp) at 5700 rpm and 310 N⋅m (230 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2700–5100 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch ME7 engine management.

Applications:

#### B5234T9

The **B5234T9** is a 2.3 L (2,319 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 245 PS (180 kW; 242 hp) at 5400 rpm and 330 N⋅m (240 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2400–5100 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch ME7 engine management.

Applications:

* 2003–2005 Volvo C70 badged as *C70 T5* (convertible)

### B5244 (2.4)

#### B5244S

The **B5244S** is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five with a compression ratio of 10.3:1. This engine is naturally aspirated and was offered in two versions with different power levels:

A detuned version with a power output of 144 PS (106 kW; 142 hp) at 5400 rpm with 152 lb⋅ft (206 N⋅m) of torque at 3600 rpm. An uprated version with a power output of 170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp) at 5700 rpm, with 170 lb⋅ft (230 N⋅m) of torque at 4500 rpm. From model year 2000 on the engine was equipped with intake cam VVT.

Applications:

#### B5244S2

The **B5244S2** is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 140 PS (103 kW; 138 hp) at 5700 rpm with 220 N⋅m (160 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3750 rpm. It features intake cam VVT.

Applications:

#### B5244S4

The **B5244S4** is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.3:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp) at 6000 rpm with 230 N⋅m (170 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4400 rpm. It features intake cam VVT.

Applications:

#### B5244S5

The **B5244S5** is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.3:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 140 PS (103 kW; 138 hp) at 5000 rpm with 220 N⋅m (160 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4000 rpm.

Applications:

#### B5244S6

SULEV+ engine variant for California.

#### B5244S7

SULEV+ engine variant with PremAir for California.

Applications:

#### B5244SG

The **B5244SG** is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.3:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 140 PS (103 kW; 138 hp) at 4500 rpm with 220 N⋅m (160 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3750 rpm when using petrol; and 140 PS (103 kW; 138 hp) at 5800 rpm with 192 N⋅m (142 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4500 rpm when using natural gas. This particular engine is a *Bi-Fuel* variant that is optimized for CNG.

Applications:

#### B5244SG2

The **B5244SG2** is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke 90 mm (3.5 in) is with a compression ratio of 10.3:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 140 PS (103 kW; 138 hp) at 4500 rpm with 220 N⋅m (160 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3750 rpm when using petrol; and 140 PS (103 kW; 138 hp) at 5100 rpm with 214 N⋅m (158 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4500 rpm when using LPG. This particular engine is a *Bi-Fuel* variant that is optimized for LPG.

Applications:

#### B5244T

The **B5244T** is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 9:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 193 PS (142 kW; 190 hp) at 5100 rpm with 270 N⋅m (200 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1600 and 5000 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch ME7 engine management. The B5244T was also the most common engine used in Volvo police vehicles of that era. Mainly in the 2000 Volvo V70 & V70 XC.

Applications:

#### B5244T2

The **B5244T2** is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1 (Dutch owners manual says it is 9.0:1). It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 265 PS (195 kW; 261 hp) at 5700 rpm with 350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2400 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch ME7 engine management.
It was available with the 4 speed and 5-speed AW50/51AWD automatic transmissions.

Applications:

#### B5244T3

The **B5244T3** is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 9:1. It is equipped with a Mitsubishi TD04HL-13T turbocharger and intercooled with a power output of 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) at 6000 rpm with 285 N⋅m (210 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1800-5000 rpm. It features exhaust cam VVT.

Applications:

#### B5244T4

The **B5244T4** is a 2.4 L (2,401 cc) straight-five For the Thai and Malaysian markets. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 93.2 mm (3.7 in). It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 220 PS (162 kW; 217 hp) at 5000 rpm with 285 N⋅m (210 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1500 rpm. It features VVT for both the intake and exhaust cams.

Applications:

#### B5244T5

The **B5244T5** is a 2.4 L (2,401 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 93.2 mm (3.7 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 260 PS (191 kW; 256 hp) at 5500 rpm with 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2100 rpm. It features VVT for both intake and exhaust cam. It is equipped with a BorgWarner K24-7400 turbocharger.

This engine is known for being a plug and play substitute for the B5254T4 engine, which had problems with cracked cylinder liners.

Applications:

#### B5244T7

The **B5244T7** 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 9.0:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) at 5700 rpm with 285 N⋅m (210 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1800 and 5000 rpm. It features VVT for exhaust cam. It is equipped with Bosch ME7 engine management.

Applications:

### B5252/5254 (2.4/2.5)

#### B5252S

The **B5252S** is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.0:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 144 hp at 5400 rpm with 206 N⋅m (152 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3600 rpm. It is equipped with Siemens Fenix 5.2 engine management.

Applications:

#### B5252FS

The **B5252FS** is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. It is naturally aspirated and it is equipped with Siemens Fenix 5.2 engine management.

Applications:

#### GB5252S

The **GB5252S** is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.0:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 144 PS (106 kW; 142 hp) at 5400 rpm with 206 N⋅m (152 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3600 rpm when using petrol; and a power output of 122 PS (90 kW; 120 hp) at 5250 rpm with 180 N⋅m (130 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3650 rpm when using natural gas. It is equipped with Siemens Fenix 5.2 engine management for petrol operation and Necam MEGA for natural gas operation.

This engine was only available with the 4-speed *AW50-42LE* automatic with three shift modes.

Applications:

#### GB5252S2

The **GB5252S2** is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.0:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 144 PS (106 kW; 142 hp) at 5400 rpm with 206 N⋅m (152 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3600 rpm when using petrol; and a power output of 122 PS (90 kW; 120 hp) at 5250 rpm with 180 N⋅m (130 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3650 rpm when using natural gas. It is equipped with Siemens Fenix 5.2 engine management for petrol operation and Necam MEGA for natural gas operation. This engine was only available with the 4-speed *AW50-42LE* automatic with adaptive shift logic.

Applications:

#### B5254F

The **B5254F** is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp) at 6100 rpm with 220 N⋅m (162 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4700 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch LH-3.2/EZ-129K engine management and features V-VIS.

Applications:

#### B5254FS

The **B5254FS** is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. It has a compression ratio of 10.5:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp) with 220 N⋅m (162 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3300 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch LH-3.2/EZ-129K engine management and features V-VIS. This was also used by Renault for their Safrane, in which application it was codenamed *N7U*.

Applications:

#### B5254S

The **B5254S**, sometimes referred to as **B5254S LH 3.2** or **B5254S M4.4**, is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp) at 6100 rpm with 220 N⋅m (162 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4700 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch LH-3.2/EZ-129K engine management and features V-VIS for model years 1995 and 1996. From model year 1997 on it is equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.4 engine management.

Applications:

#### B5254T

The **B5254T** is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output 193 PS (142 kW; 190 hp) at 5100 rpm, with 270 N⋅m (200 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1800–5000 rpm. Compression ratio is 9.0:1. It is equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.4 engine management for model years 1997 and 1998. It is equipped with Bosch ME7 engine management for model year 1999. Boost pressure is limited to 0.06 psi (0 kPa).

Applications:

#### B5254T2

The **B5254T2** is a 2.5 L (2,522 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 93.2 mm (3.7 in) with a compression ratio of 9.0:1. It is equipped with a Mitsubishi TD04L-14T turbocharger and intercooled with a power output of 210 PS (154 kW; 207 hp) at 5000 rpm with 320 N⋅m (240 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1500–4500 rpm.

Applications:

#### B5254T3

The **B5254T3** is a 2.5 L (2,522 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 93.2 mm (3.7 in) with a compression ratio of 9.0:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 220 PS (162 kW; 217 hp) at 5000 rpm with 320 N⋅m (240 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1500–4800 rpm. On cars with the AW55-51 automatic transmission, torque is limited in first and second gear. It has CVVT and is equipped with Bosch ME 9.0 engine management system. Unlike previous designs, the turbocharger is integral with the exhaust manifold.

Adaptations of this engine were used by Ford, with power levels ranging from 220 PS (217 bhp) to 350PS (345 bhp). At Ford the engine was called "Duratec-ST", "Duratec ST" or "Duratec RS".

Applications:

* 2005–2008 Volvo S40 II badged as *S40 T5*
* 2005–2008 Volvo V50 badged as *V50 T5*
* 2007 Volvo C30 badged as *C30 T5*
* 2006–2007 Volvo C70 badged as *C70 T5*
* 2005–2011 Ford Focus badged as *Focus ST*
* 2007–2010 Ford Mondeo Mk4 badged as XR5 Turbo for the Australian market.
* 2007–2010 Ford S-Max
* 2009–2010 Ford Focus badged as *Focus RS* The engines as configured for the Ford Focus RS Mk. 2 and RS500 were not used in any Volvo model. They can be described as a RNC version of the S60R/V70R B5254T4 engine. Lower compression (different pistons), stronger connecting rods, and same geometry camshafts as B5254T4 but different (dual) VVT units. These engines use a slightly larger Borg-Warner K16 turbo, the K16 turbo is an integrated manifold turbocharger, but it does not outperform the K24 used on the B5254T4 S60R/V70R engine.
* 2011 Ford Focus badged as *Focus RS 500*
* 2008–2012 Ford Kuga badged as *Kuga 2.5T* 2008–2010 Euro 4, 2011–2012 Euro 5. Australian delivered Kuga received the B5254T6 motor from 2008 to 2011.

#### B5254T4

The **B5254T4** is a 2.5 L (2,522 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 93.2 mm (3.7 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled and equipped with dual VVT. It produces 300 PS (221 kW; 296 hp) at 5500 rpm with 400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2000–5250 rpm with the 6-speed manual transmission; 300 PS (221 kW; 296 hp) at 6000 rpm with 350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1850–6000 rpm with the 5-speed automatic transmission. Cars with the 6–speed automatic transmission were not torque limited.

It is equipped with a BorgWarner K24 turbocharger.

Applications:

#### B5254T5

The **B5254T5** is a 2.5 L (2,522 cc) straight-five. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 250 PS (184 kW; 247 hp) at 5500 rpm with 360 N⋅m (266 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1800 and 4200 rpm.

Applications:

#### B5254T6

**The B5254T6** is a 2.5 L (2,522 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 93.2 mm (3.7 in) with a compression ratio of 9.0:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) at 4800 rpm with 300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1500–4500 rpm. (220 PS and 320 Nm in the Ford Mondeo and S-max)

Applications:

Not in Australian Mondeo xr5. That received the B5254T3 VVT engine same as the focus xr5.

#### B5254T7

The **B5254T7** is 2.5 L (2,522 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 93.2 mm (3.7 in) with a compression ratio of 9.0:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 230 PS (169 kW; 227 hp) at 5000 rpm with 320 N⋅m (240 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1500–5000 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch ME9 engine management. For models with the AW55-51 automatic transmission torque is limited in first and second gear. The turbocharger is still integrated into the exhaust manifold, but is of a different design.

Applications:

#### B5254T8

The **B5254T8** is a 2.5 L (2,522 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 93.2 mm (3.7 in) with a compression ratio of 9.0:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) at 4800 rpm with 300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1500–4500 rpm.

Applications:

* 2009–2011 Volvo S80 II badged as *S80 2.5FT*
* 2009 Volvo V70 III badged as *V70 2.5FT'*

#### B5254T10

The **B5254T10** is a 2.5 L (2,521 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 93.2 mm (3.7 in) with a compression ratio of 9.0:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 231 PS (170 kW; 228 hp) at 4800 rpm with 340 N⋅m (251 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1700–4800 rpm.

Applications:

#### B5254T11

The **B5254T11** is a 2.5 L (2,521 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 93.2 mm (3.7 in) with a compression ratio of 9.0:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 231 PS (170 kW; 228 hp) at 4800 rpm with 340 N⋅m (251 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1700–4800 rpm.

Applications:

#### B5254T12

The **B5254T12** is a 2.5 L (2,497 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 92.3 mm (3.6 in) with a compression ratio of 9.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 254 PS (187 kW; 251 hp) at 5400 rpm with 360 N⋅m (266 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1800–4800 rpm. The TF-80SD and TF-80SC transmissions are available with this engine.

Applications:

#### B5254T14

The *B5254T14* is a 2.5 L (2,497 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 92.3 mm (3.6 in) with a compression ratio of 9.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 249 PS (183 kW; 246 hp) at 5400 rpm with 360 N⋅m (266 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1800–4200 rpm. The T14 is the final update of the five cylinder engines before it was discontinued entirely for MY 2017.

Applications:

## Six-cylinder engines (B6)

### B6244 (2.4)

#### B6244FS

The **B6244FS** is a 2.4 L (2,381 cc) straight-six. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 10.3:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 163 PS (120 kW; 161 hp) at 5800 rpm with 220 N⋅m (160 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4400 rpm.

Applications:

### B6254 (2.5)

#### B6254FS

The **B6254FS** is a 2.5 L (2,473 cc) straight-six. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 80 mm (3.1 in) with a compression ratio of 10.5:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp) at 5700 rpm with 230 N⋅m (170 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4400 rpm.

Applications:

#### B6254G

Non-catalyst, leaded-fuel compatible version of the B6254S, for regions with limited availability of unleaded fuel.

### B6284 (2.8)

#### B6284T

The **B6284T** is a 2.8 L (2,783 cc) straight-six. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is twin-turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 272 PS (200 kW; 268 hp) at 5400 rpm, with 380 N⋅m (280 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2000–5000 rpm.

Applications:

### B6294/6304 (2.9)

#### B6294S

The **B6294S** is a 2.9 L (2,922 cc) straight-six. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.3:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) at 5200 rpm with 280 N⋅m (210 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4200 rpm.

Applications:

#### B6294S2

The **B6294S** is a 2.9 L (2,922 cc) straight-six. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.5:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 196 PS (144 kW; 193 hp) at 5200 rpm with 280 N⋅m (210 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3900 rpm.

Applications:

#### B6294T

The **B6294T** is a 2.9 L (2,922 cc) straight-six. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is twin-turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 272 PS (200 kW; 268 hp) at 5200 rpm with 380 N⋅m (280 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1800–5000 rpm. It features dual VVT.

Applications:

#### B6304S

The **B6304S** is a 2.9 L (2,922 cc) straight-six. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.7:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 204 PS (150 kW; 201 hp) at 5200 rpm with 267 N⋅m (197 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4100 rpm.

Fix problem with two different versions having same engine code but different design(s). Pre MY99 is mechanical throttle, MY99 and onward is with drive by wire. Different power outputs.

Applications:

#### B6304F1

The **B6304F1** is a 2.9 L (2,922 cc) straight-six. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.7:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 204 PS (150 kW; 201 hp) at 6000 rpm with 267 N⋅m (197 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4300 rpm.

Applications:

#### B6304S2

The **B6304S2** is a 2.9 L (2,922 cc) straight-six. Engine output was reduced to 180 hp (134 kW; 182 PS) and 199 lb⋅ft (270 N⋅m) by changing the cam profile (back then without variable valve timing) in favour of emissions regulations. Same camshafts as on the B6254S engine were used.

Applications:

* Volvo 960 later model years / various

#### B6304S3

The **B6304S3** is a 2.9 L (2,922 cc) straight-six. It has the same bore and stroke (83x90 mm) as the B6294, but the deciliter number was rounded up (i.e. 2,922 cc to 3,000 cc). These engines produced 204 hp (152 kW; 207 PS) at 6000 rpm, and 197 lb⋅ft (267 N⋅m) of torque at 4300 rpm.

Applications:

#### B6304G

The **B6304G** is a 2.9 L (2,922 cc) straight-six. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.7:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 204 PS (150 kW; 201 hp) at 6000 rpm, and 267 N⋅m (197 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4300 rpm. It is adapted to run on leaded gasoline as well as lead free gasoline.

Applications:

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## InfoBox

| Volvo Modular Engine | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Volvo Cars |
| Production | 1990–2016 |
| Layout | |
| Configuration | I4, I5, I6 |
| Displacement | 1.6 L – 2.9 L |
| Cylinder block material | Aluminium |
| Cylinder head material | Aluminium |
| Valvetrain | DOHC |
| Combustion | |
| Fuel system | Fuel injection |
| Management |  |
| Fuel type |  |
| Oil system | Wet sump |
| Cooling system | Water-cooled |
| Emissions | |
| Emissions target standard |  |
| Emissions control systems |  |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor |  |
| Successor |  |


title: Mazorqueros F.C.

abstract: Mazorqueros F.C. was a Mexican football club that played in the Liga Premier de México. The club was based in Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco.

text:
# Mazorqueros F.C.

**Mazorqueros F.C.** was a Mexican football club that played in the Liga Premier de México. The club was based in Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco.

## History

In 1985 a club named *Mazorqueros* was founded in Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, the team participated in the third division until disappearing in the mid-1990s. In 1990, this team played a promotion playoff to Second Division B.

On May 19, 2016 the team was refounded. The squad was created to seek promotion to a higher category in addition to developing football among the local population.

On July 17, 2020 Mazorqueros was promoted to Liga Premier de México due to an expansion of participating teams in the league. However, the club maintained the Liga TDP team as a second squad.

The team won its first official title on May 8, 2022, when it won the Torneo Clausura 2022 after defeating Cafetaleros de Chiapas. After the tournament ended, most of the squad and technical staff of this team was used to form the Atlético La Paz from Liga de Expansión MX, a team that shares ownership with Mazorqueros F.C. During that season the club reserves team was champion of the Liga TDP, so Mazorqueros it got a second franchise to participate in the Liga Premier de México.

After the founding of the new team at La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mazorqueros became the reserve team of Atlético La Paz and was relocated to the Serie B de México because it became a development team, due to this fact, Mazorqueros eliminated its own reserve team, leaving only one squad with the champion players of the Liga TDP and using only one Liga Premier license.

On July 20, 2023, the club announced its dissolution in a statement published on its social networks. The team argued that it was difficult to continue with the project due to the fact that the city council refused to cede the stadium to the club, making it impossible to carry out improvement works in the venue, which were required by the league, for which reason the board of directors decided to dissolve the team due to the lack of guarantees for its continuity in the city.

Later it was learned that the Mazorqueros franchise was bought by Santiago F.C., a team from Santiago, Nuevo León, so the team changed its name and town, eliminating any possibility of the return of the Mazorqueros franchise in the future.

## Honors

## InfoBox

Mazorqueros F.C.
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Mazorqueros F.C. Zapotlán |
| Nickname(s) | *Mazorqueros* (The Corncobers) |
| Founded | 1985 (original)
19 May 2016 (revival) |
| Dissolved | 20 July 2023 |
| Ground | Estadio Municipal Santa Rosa
Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco |
| Capacity | 4,000 |
| Owner | GLS Promotoría del Deporte |
| Chairman | Arturo Lomelí |
| League | Liga Premier \- Serie B |
| Clausura 2023 | *7th (Reclassification)* |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


abstract: The Minimum Essential Emergency Communications Network (MEECN) is a network of systems providing uninterrupted communications throughout the pre-, trans-, and post-nuclear warfare environment. At minimum, MEECN is designed to provide a one-way flow of information to activate nuclear forces during severe jamming and a post-nuclear environment.

text:
# Minimum Essential Emergency Communications Network

The **Minimum Essential Emergency Communications Network** (**MEECN**) is a network of systems providing uninterrupted communications throughout the pre-, trans-, and post-nuclear warfare environment. At minimum, MEECN is designed to provide a one-way flow of information to activate nuclear forces during severe jamming and a post-nuclear environment.

## Components

As of 1994, MEECN consists of various programs: Miniature Receive Terminals (MRTs) for nuclear bombers, High Power Transmit Sets (HPTS) for E-4B aircraft, Dual Frequency MEECN receivers (DFMRs) for ICBM Launch Control Centers.

### Ground Element MEECN System (GEMS)

The GEMS program, short for Ground Element Minimum Essential Emergency Communications Network, is intended to replace deprecated communications facilities. This system features improved infrastructure for alerting aircrew, and maintaining communications in the event of nuclear conflict. Notable elements include updated Extremely High Frequency (EHF) communications satellites, and redundant Very Low Frequency (VLF) communication paths for strategic message traffic. The changes will resolve problems associated with aging or ineffective devices such as pagers, klaxons, and Emergency Action Message (EAM) processing systems.

### Minuteman MEECN Program (MMP)

The Minuteman MEECN Program (MMP) replaced the aging Survivable Low Frequency Communications System (SLFCS) Launch Control Centers (LCCs) with an Extremely High Frequency (EHF) and Very Low Frequency/Low Frequency (VLF/LF) communications equipment.

MMP consists of EHF Milstar and VLF/LF communications equipment.

The 91st Missile Wing's Oscar-01 at Minot AFB, North Dakota was the last Minuteman Launch Control Center to have updated to the MMP configuration.


title: Weston High School (Connecticut)

abstract:
Weston High School is a public high school in Weston, Connecticut, serving about 800 students in grades 9–12. The Class of 2008 had the highest CAPT scores in the state in 2006.
In 2013 Weston High School was put on the National Blue Ribbon Schools Program list.
For the purpose of comparison with the achievement levels of similar schools, the state Department of Education classifies schools and communities in "District Reference Groups", defined as "districts whose students' families are similar in education, income, occupation and need, and that have roughly similar enrollment". Weston is one of eight school districts in District Reference Group A. The school is fully accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges.

text:
# Weston High School (Connecticut)

**Weston High School** is a public high school in Weston, Connecticut, serving about 800 students in grades 9–12.

The Class of 2008 had the highest CAPT scores in the state in 2006. In 2013 Weston High School was put on the National Blue Ribbon Schools Program list. For the purpose of comparison with the achievement levels of similar schools, the state Department of Education classifies schools and communities in "District Reference Groups", defined as "districts whose students' families are similar in education, income, occupation and need, and that have roughly similar enrollment". Weston is one of eight school districts in District Reference Group A (others are Darien, Easton, New Canaan, Redding, Ridgefield, Westport, and Wilton).

The school is fully accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges.

## Notable alumni

## InfoBox

| Weston High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Weston High School entrance | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 115 School Road
Weston, Connecticut 06883
United States | |
| Coordinates | 41°12′41″N 73°22′45″W / 41.2113°N 73.3791°W / 41.2113; -73.3791 |
| Information | |
| Type | Public high school |
| CEEB code | 070913 |
| Principal | Meghan Conetta |
| Grades | to 12 |
| Gender | Coeducation |
| Enrollment | 760 (2021-22) |
| Campus type | Suburban |
| Color(s) | Blue and gold
 |
| Mascot | Trojan |
| Website | westonps.org/schools/weston-high-school/ |


title: Mogandé

abstract: Mogandé is a village in the Bittou Department of Boulgou Province in south-eastern Burkina Faso. As of 2005, the village has a population of 350.

text:
# Mogandé

**Mogandé** is a village in the Bittou Department of Boulgou Province in south-eastern Burkina Faso. As of 2005, the village has a population of 350.

11°11′04″N 0°11′56″W / 11.1844°N 0.1988°W / 11.1844; -0.1988

## InfoBox

| Mogandé | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Burkina Faso |
| Region | Centre-Est Region |
| Province | Boulgou Province |
| Department | Bittou Department |
| Population (2005 est.) | |
| Total | 350 |


title: George A. Percy

abstract: George Almy Percy was an American ice hockey player and United States Marine Corps officer who played for the Harvard and Boston Athletic Association ice hockey teams and was a recipient of the Navy Cross for his actions during the Battle of Iwo Jima.

text:
# George A. Percy

**George Almy Percy** (May 2, 1895 – January 10, 1970) was an American ice hockey player and United States Marine Corps officer who played for the Harvard and Boston Athletic Association ice hockey teams and was a recipient of the Navy Cross for his actions during the Battle of Iwo Jima.

## Early life

Percy was born on May 2, 1895, in Arlington, Massachusetts to David Thomas and Maude (Almy) Percy. Percy attended Arlington High School and Phillips Exeter Academy. He played hockey and baseball at Phillips Exeter and was elected captain of the hockey team for the 1914–15 season, but instead enrolled in Harvard College.

## Harvard

Percy entered Harvard College in 1914 and was elected captain of the freshman hockey team. In 1915, he won a strength competition against his fellow Crimson athletes, which resulted being nicknamed the "Harvard Hercules". He played on the varsity hockey team during the 1915–16 and 1916–17 and led the team in goals both years. Percy also played for the Harvard Crimson baseball team. He was elected captain of the hockey team for the 1917–18 season, but the team was suspended for the year due to World War I.

## World War I

On June 1, 1917, Percy took a special examination to qualify for a commission in the United States Marine Corps. On July 16, he passed the physical examination and was enrolled with the temporary rank of second lieutenant. He received his permanent rank on July 29. He was stationed at Marine Corps Base Quantico until November 1917, when he was moved to Fort Sill, where he was a reconnaissance officer with the field artillery. In May 1918, he returned to Harvard as a recruiting officer.

## Amateur hockey

Percy played for the Harvard Club during the 1919–20 season. The team folded after the season and Percy and three of his teammates signed with the Boston Athletic Association. Percy played for the B.A.A. from 1920 to 1922 and served as captain of the 1920–21 Boston Athletic Association hockey team. From 1922 to 1924, Percy played right wing for the Boston Hockey Club.

## Personal life

On June 22, 1918, Percy married Hallie Elkins Davis, the granddaughter of former United States Senator Henry G. Davis and a Washington D.C. socialite he met while stationed at Quantico. They had one son. On February 11, 1926, she was granted a divorce decree in Paris on the grounds that Percy had left their domicile.

On April 14, 1930, Percy married Elvia Enders, a stage actress who played Madge Ferris in *Little Accident*, after knowing each other for six weeks. They had two sons. In 1938, Percy leased an 11-room suite at 1040 Park Avenue in New York City. He later moved to 200 East 66th Street. On November 7, 1941, Elvia Percy received a divorce in Reno, Nevada on the charge of cruelty.

Percy's final marriage was to Margaret Beauchamp. They had one son.

## World War II

Percy served in the United States Marine Corps from 1942 to 1945. He was the executive officer of the 2nd Battalion, 21st Marine Regiment at the start of the Battle of Iwo Jima. When his commanding officer, Lowell E. English, was wounded on March 2, 1945, Percy took over as commanding officer. His arm was severely wounded during an attack on March 8, but he refused to leave the field. He was wounded a second time that afternoon and again chose to remain with his troops. He led his force in an attack which ended on the cliffs overlooking the sea. On November 22, 1948, Percy was awarded the Navy Cross for extraordinary heroism during the Battle of Iwo Jima. Percy left the Marines with the rank of Lieutenant colonel. He then served in the United States Marine Corps Reserve until 1958, retiring with the rank of Colonel.

## Business career

After World War I, Percy worked for Lee, Higginson & Co. In 1925, he became a European representative for the bank. He later worked for Clark Dodge & Co., where he retired as a vice president and director. In 1958, he was elected to the American Museum of Natural History's board of trustees.

Percy died on January 10, 1970, at Brunswick Hospital in Amityville, New York.

## InfoBox

| George Almy Percy | |
| --- | --- |
| Percy from the 1920–1921 Boston Athletic Association hockey team photo | |
| Nickname(s) | Harvard Hercules |
| Born | (1895-05-02)May 2, 1895
Arlington, Massachusetts, US |
| Died | January 10, 1970(1970-01-10) (aged 74)
Amityville, New York, US |
| Allegiance | United States of America |
| Service/branch | United States Marine Corps |
| Years of service | 1917–1958 |
| Rank | Lieutenant colonel |
| Service number | 0-3106 |
| Battles/wars | **World War II** |
| Awards | Navy Cross |
| **Ice hockey career** Height  5 ft 8 in (173 cm)  Weight  160 lb (73 kg; 11 st 6 lb)  Position Forward  Played for Harvard University
Harvard Club
Boston A.A.
Boston Hockey Club  Playing career  19141924 | |


title: Volvat (station)

abstract: Volvat was a rapid transit station of the Oslo Metro's Røa Line and Kolsås Line. Situated in the neighborhood of Volvat in Vestre Aker borough of Oslo, Norway, it was the sole underground station on the western part of the metro. It was located 3.4 kilometers (2.1 mi) from Stortinget. The station opened on 7 November 1912 at ground level, located at the level crossing with Sørkedalsveien. Due to increasing traffic, the line was placed in a culvert under the road in 1939. Trains along the Røa Line stopped calling at the station from 5 February 1995, since that line was upgraded to longer trains. The same happened with the Kolsås Line from 7 April 1997, after which the station was closed. The operated deemed the cost of upgrading the station not to be worth it.

text:
# Volvat (station)

**Volvat** was a rapid transit station of the Oslo Metro's Røa Line and Kolsås Line. Situated in the neighborhood of Volvat in Vestre Aker borough of Oslo, Norway, it was the sole underground station on the western part of the metro. It was located 3.4 kilometers (2.1 mi) from Stortinget.

The station opened on 7 November 1912 at ground level, located at the level crossing with Sørkedalsveien. Due to increasing traffic, the line was placed in a culvert under the road in 1939. Trains along the Røa Line stopped calling at the station from 5 February 1995, since that line was upgraded to longer trains. The same happened with the Kolsås Line from 7 April 1997, after which the station was closed. The operated deemed the cost of upgrading the station not to be worth it.

## History

Volvat took its name from pharmacist Harald Thaulow (1815–81), who owned the farm during his lifetime. The name is a slight simplification of his surname backwards. From the 1900s the area was regulated for housing, making it an interesting site for the tram company Akersbanerne. The Røa Line past Volvat opened on 7 November 1912, and a station was built at ground level av Volvat.

Volvat was the site of a level crossing between the metro and Sørkedalsveien. This eventually created difficulties for the road traffic and Holmenkolbanen therefore decided to build an underground section of line part of the way between Volvat and Majorstuen. The new station opened in 1939. This remained the only underground station west of the Common Tunnel until after the station closed.

The connection of the eastern and western metro network in the early 1990s meant that the Røa Line was to be upgrades to metro standard. This meant that platforms were to be extended to 110 meters (360 ft) to allow six-car metro trains. In addition to a complete renovation of the tracks, this meant that the overhead wires were replaced with a third rail. The Kolsås Line would for the mean-time be retained with the old system. The upgraded Røa Line started using three-car trains, while two-car trains continued to run to Kolsås. Oslo Sporveier concluded that the tunnel did not make it worthwhile to expand the platforms. From 5 February 1995 the station was therefore only served by trains along the Kolsås Line. The station was closed on 7 April 1997, when three-car trains started running on the Kolsås Line.

## Facilities

Volvat was an underground rapid transit station situated on the Røa Line, 3.4 kilometers (2.1 mi) from Stortinget in the city center. Volvat was located at the intersection between the metro line and Sørkedalsveien. It featured two side platforms, each long enough for two-car trains.

## Biography

## InfoBox

| Volvat | |
| --- | --- |
| The station around 1955 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Volvat, Oslo<br>Norway |
| Coordinates | 59°55′59″N 10°42′15″E / 59.932925°N 10.704256°E / 59.932925; 10.704256 |
| Elevation | 52.3 m |
| Line(s) | Røa Line |
| Distance | 3.4 km from Stortinget |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Underground |
| History | |
| Opened | 7 November 1912 |
| Closed | 7 April 1997 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Zaili teaching

abstract: Zailiism or Liism (理教), also known as the Baiyidao or Bafangdao, is a Chinese folk religious sect of north China, founded in the 17th century by Yang Zai. It claims a Taoist identity and is centered on the worship of Guanyin as the incarnation of the principle of the universe, the "Only God of the Unlimited".

text:
# Zaili teaching

**Zailiism** (在理教, the "Way of the Abiding Principle") or **Liism** (理教), also known as the **Baiyidao** (白衣道 "White-Clad Way") or **Bafangdao** (八方道 "Octagonal Way"), is a Chinese folk religious sect of north China, founded in the 17th century by Yang Zai. It claims a Taoist identity and is centered on the worship of Guanyin as the incarnation of the principle of the universe, the "Only God of the Unlimited" (无极只神 *Wújí Zhīshén*).

## History

### Yang Zai's life

Zailiism was founded during the waning years of the Ming dynasty by Yang Zai (1621–1754; alias Yang Chengqing or Yang Rulai), a holder of the *jinshi* degree from Jimo, Shandong. Although anxious to take up an official position, Yang remained in Jimo to care for his aged mother. After her death he became a religious leader, and there are different accounts about how this happened. Some sources attribute this to a vision or encounter with Guanyin.

He certainly migrated to the mountains of Ji County in Tianjin. Here he remained for ten years in meditation in the Lanshui Cave, he purified himself and formulated his philosophical teachings revolving around the Eight Proscriptions (*ba jie*). At the age of eighty he took ten disciples, who were sent in different directions to spread the teaching. Yang, thanks to his techniques of meditation and refinement, reputedly died at the age of 133.

### 18th century: Yin Ruo leadership

The religion was formally established in Tianjin, and by the mid 18th century it had spread throughout north China. Mass following was founded on the work of Yin Ruo (1729-1806; alias Yin Laifeng and Yin Zhongshan), the second great patriarch in the history of the sect. In 1766, Yin founded the first common house (*gong suo*) in the suburbs of Tianjin; common houses became the basic and characteristic organisation units of Zailiism. They are both temples and meeting houses, and early common houses were rooms in private homes and village temples. By the early republican period some of them had evolved into elaborate complexes of buildings and courtyards.

Common houses were run by two layers of leadership: ritual and administrative. The ritual ministers were the *dangjia*, celibate men who engaged in a strict self-cultivation regimen. In Tianjin every common house had a single *dangjia*, who more than parish priests were holy men and moral exemplars, who led few yearly rituals of the sect. The administrative counterpart was the "manager" (*chengbanren*), a lay who cared for the daily activities of the common house.

### 19th and 20th century

The spread of Zailiism did not go unnoticed, and in the 19th century Qing dynasty officials carried out various investigations to verify the orthodoxy of the sect, always concluding that it was orthodox and contributed to the economy and morality of the population. Some officials advised the throne not only to recognise the sect, but even to encourage it to counter the growing influence of Christianity.

In 1891, Zaili lodges led an uprising in Rehe, in a climate of Han Chinese discontent with privileges of the Mongol nobility and the Catholic Church. Although the uprising was crushed, the tensions festered and reemerged within the Boxer Rebellion at the turn of the century.

The sect grew rapidly in the last years of the Qing dynasty and in the early republic. Zaili adherents operated a large number of lodges and took over some disrepaired temples of other religions. By the late 19th century it had already established a strong presence in Manchuria, and by the early 20th century it started to exhibit a national character. It even spread among ethnic Chinese in Russia. By the 1920s the sect had an established presence in all major cities of China, and when Jiangsu province outlawed it in 1929, influential leaders of Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai appealed to the national government to have the ban lifted. In August 1929 the Ministry of the Interior gave explicit approval to Zailiism.

### Contemporary developments

Zailiism returned active in China's Hebei province since the late 1990s. It also has 186,000 members in Taiwan, corresponding to 0.8% of the total population. There is a Chinese United Church of Liism (中华理教总会 *Zhōnghuá Lǐjiào Zǒnghuì*) and other smaller bodies.

## Philanthropy

The most characteristic element of Zailiism is the emphasis on physical purity and abstinence from addictive substances. Zailiism spread as members founded charities and campaigned for abstinence from alcohol, tobacco, and opium, and offering cures for the addicts. Zaili followers developed drug rehabilitation centres using herbal medicines and self-cultivation techniques (*zhengshen*), which were said to fully cure two hundred addicts per year.

Zaili members also founded the "China's General Association for the Prevention of Alcohol and Tobacco According to the Righteously Good Teachings" (中華全國理善勸戒煙酒總會 *Zhōnghuá quánguó lǐ shàn quàn jièyān jiǔ zǒng huì*), that was recognized by the Yuan Shikai government in June 1913.

New religious movement

## Footnotes

1. Michael Pye. *Exploring Religions in Motion*. Walter de Gruyter, 2003. ISBN 1614511918. p. 159
2. Goossaert, Palmer. 2011. p. 98
3. Dubois (2005), p. 107.
4. Palmer, 2011. p. 27
5. Tertitski (2007).
6. Dubois (2005), p. 108.
7. Goossaert, Palmer. 2011. p. 98
8. Dubois (2005), p. 109.
9. Dubois (2005), p. 110.
10. Goossaert, Palmer. 2011. p. 98
11. Dubois (2005), p. 111.
12. Dubois (2005), pp. 111–112.
13. Goossaert, Palmer. 2011. p. 98
14. Goossaert, Palmer. 2011. p. 98
15. Goossaert, Palmer. 2011. p. 98
16. Dubois (2005), p. 112.
17. DuBois, 2005
18. Goossaert, Palmer. 2011. p. 98
19. Yeh, 2000. p. 344
20. Yang, 2008. p. 213

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Zailiism
在理教 *Zàilǐjiào* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | Chinese salvationist religion |
| Founder | Yang Zai |
| Origin | 17th century
Tianjin |
| Members | 1948: 15 million |
| Other name(s) | Liism, Gate of the Principle (理门 *Lǐmén*), White-Clad Way (白衣道), Octagon Way (八方道) |
| Official website | http://www.liism.org/ |


title: M3 road (Malawi)

abstract: The M3 road, also known partially as the Blantyre-Zomba road, is a road in Malawi. The road stretches across the southern region of Malawi, tracing a north-south path that spans 236 kilometers. Beginning in the bustling city of Blantyre, the route winds its way through the scenic landscape to Mangochi, before continuing onward to the Mozambican border at Chiponde, providing a connection between the two countries. The M3 road is included in the Malawi National Transport Master Plan.

text:
# M3 road (Malawi)

The **M3 road**, also known partially as the Blantyre-Zomba road, is a road in Malawi. The road stretches across the southern region of Malawi, tracing a north-south path that spans 236 kilometers. Beginning in the bustling city of Blantyre, the route winds its way through the scenic landscape to Mangochi, before continuing onward to the Mozambican border at Chiponde, providing a connection between the two countries.

The M3 road is included in the Malawi National Transport Master Plan.

## History

The M3 has historically played a role in connecting key cities in Malawi, particularly during the country's formative years. Zomba, the former capital of Nyasaland and later Malawi, held significant political importance until 1974 when the capital was relocated to Lilongwe. However, it wasn't until 1994 that the parliament officially made the move.

Meanwhile, Blantyre remained the country's commercial and industrial hub, a status it still maintains today. Notably, a road linking Blantyre and Zomba dates back to 1893, and by the time Malawi gained independence in 1964, this route was the only major paved road in the country, underscoring its importance in the nation's early development.

A major overhaul of the Blantyre-Zomba Road took place between 2013 and 2015, featuring the upgrade of small bridges and culverts to ensure a smoother journey. Meanwhile, two significant bridges along the route underwent modernization: the Liwonde bridge over the Shire River, originally opened in 1965, was replaced with a brand-new structure in 2018, while the Mangochi bridge was upgraded to a sturdy concrete box bridge as far back as 1999, enhancing the overall safety and efficiency of this vital transportation artery.

## Route directions

The M3 road embarks on its journey in the eastern part of Blantyre, branching off from the M2. From there, it charts a northerly course, winding its way through the scenic landscape at an elevation of approximately 1,000 meters to reach the charming town of Zomba. Rather than traversing a mountain pass, the road skillfully navigates around the island mountain ranges to the north of Zomba.

As it descends to an altitude of around 500 meters, the M3 crosses the Shire River in Liwonde and continues its northward trajectory along the western shores of Lake Malombe. The road then converges with the M10 in the town of Mangochi, where it shifts eastward, crossing the Shire River once more.

A steep incline follows, elevating the road back up to the plateau at nearly 1,000 meters. While the M3 remains paved up to the border town of Chiponde, the final stretch to Mozambique is unpaved. On the Mozambican side, the N13 seamlessly continues as a paved road, leading onward to Cuamba.

## InfoBox

| M3 Road | |
| --- | --- |
| Route information | |
| Length | 276 km (171 mi) |
| Major junctions | |
| North end | N13 at the Chiponde border with Mozambique |
| South end | M1 / M2 in Blantyre |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Malawi |
| Regions | Southern |
| Major cities | Blantyre, Zomba, Mangochi |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| M2   M4 | |