title: Nizampatnam

abstract: Nizampatnam is a village in Bapatla district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the mandal headquarters of Nizampatnam mandal in Repalle revenue division. The Dutch occupied the city for trading from 1606−1668.

text:
# Nizampatnam

**Nizampatnam** is a village in Bapatla district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the mandal headquarters of Nizampatnam mandal in Repalle revenue division. The Dutch occupied the city for trading from 1606−1668.

## Etymology

Named after the Nizam of Hyderabad and natively known as Peddapalli, it was also referred as *Petapoly* by the Dutch settlers and by the British as *Pettipolee* or *Pettipoly*.

## History

It was ruled by Velanati Chodas in the 12-13th century CE. Later, it was under the kingdom of Golkonda. The British East India Company established a factory here in 1621, which closed in 1687 when all factories subordinate to Fort St. George were withdrawn. The Dutch occupied the city for trading from 1606−1668.

## Demographics

As of 2011 Census of India, Nizampatnam had a population of 20,982. The total population constitute, 10,623 males and 10,359 females —a sex ratio of 975 females per 1000 males. 2,105 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 1,073 are boys and 1,032 are girls —a ratio of 962 per 1000. The average literacy rate stands at 68.78% with 12,984 literates, slightly higher than the state average of 67.41%.

## Governance

Nizampatnam gram panchayat is the local self-government of the village. It is divided into wards and each ward is represented by a ward member.

Nizampatnam falls in the Bapatla lok sabha constituency and Repalle assembly constituency. Anagani Satya Prasad of Telugu Desam Party is the present MLA of Repalle assembly constituency and Tenneti Krishna Prasad of TDP is the present MP of Bapatla lok sabha constituency.

## Education

As per the school information report for the academic year 2018–19, the village has a total of 31 schools. These include one government school, two other types, 22 Zilla Parishad/Mandal Parishad and six private schools.

## Economy

The main occupation of the people is agriculture, which includes cultivation of paddy. Fishing is also a predominant occupation due to its location on the seacoast and the presence of fishing harbor. The tourism also plays an important part in the economy of the village. The mangrove forests and the Nizampatnam backwaters.

## InfoBox

| Nizampatnam Petapoly, Peddapalli | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| NizampatnamLocation in Andhra Pradesh, India | |
| Coordinates: 15°54′N 80°40′E / 15.900°N 80.667°E / 15.900; 80.667 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Andhra Pradesh |
| District | Bapatla |
| Mandal | Nizampatnam |
| Government | |
| Type | Panchayati raj |
| Body | Nizampatnam gram panchayat |
| Area | |
| Total | 2,276 ha (5,624 acres) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 20,982 |
| Density | 920/km2 (2,400/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| Official | Telugu |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 522314 |
| Area code | +91–8647 |
| Vehicle registration | AP |


title: No 6 mine

abstract: The No 6 mine is an Israeli metal-cased anti-tank blast mine. It is a direct copy of the Russian TM-46 mine, the only notable difference being the filling cap, which is domed on the TM-46 and flat on the No 6. It can be fitted with the No 61 pressure fuze or a No 62A tilt rod fuze.

text:
# No 6 mine

The **No 6 mine** is an Israeli metal-cased anti-tank blast mine. It is a direct copy of the Russian TM-46 mine, the only notable difference being the filling cap, which is domed on the TM-46 and flat on the No 6. It can be fitted with the No 61 pressure fuze or a No 62A tilt rod fuze.

## Usage

The No 6 mine is found in the Falkland Islands, Israel, Lebanon and Oman.

## Specifications

* Diameter: 305 mm
* Height: 110 mm
* Weight: 8 kg
* Explosive content: 6 kg of TNT
* Operating pressure: 260 kg (No 61 pressure fuze)


title: Nippletop (Zion)

abstract: Nippletop is a 6,715-foot (2,047-meter) elevation white Navajo Sandstone summit located in Zion National Park, in Washington County of southwest Utah, United States. Nippletop is situated one mile immediately west of Crazy Quilt Mesa, and one mile south of the Zion – Mount Carmel Highway, towering 1,200 feet above it. Precipitation runoff from this unofficially named mountain drains into tributaries of the Virgin River.

text:
# Nippletop (Zion)

**Nippletop** is a 6,715-foot (2,047-meter) elevation white Navajo Sandstone summit located in Zion National Park, in Washington County of southwest Utah, United States. Nippletop is situated one mile immediately west of Crazy Quilt Mesa, and one mile south of the Zion – Mount Carmel Highway, towering 1,200 feet (370 meters) above it. Precipitation runoff from this unofficially named mountain drains into tributaries of the Virgin River.

## Climate

Spring and fall are the most favorable seasons to visit Nippletop. According to the Köppen climate classification system, it is located in a Cold semi-arid climate zone, which is defined by the coldest month having an average mean temperature below 32 °F (0 °C), and at least 50% of the total annual precipitation being received during the spring and summer. This desert climate receives less than 10 inches (250 millimeters) of annual rainfall, and snowfall is generally light during the winter.

## InfoBox

| Nippletop | |
| --- | --- |
| North-northeast aspect, from Zion – Mount Carmel Highway | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 6,715 ft (2,047 m) |
| Prominence | 795 ft (242 m) |
| Parent peak | Crazy Quilt Mesa (6,760 ft) |
| Isolation | 0.74 mi (1.19 km) |
| Coordinates | 37°12′39″N 112°54′08″W / 37.2107°N 112.9022°W / 37.2107; -112.9022 |
| Geography | |
| NippletopLocation in UtahNippletopNippletop (the United States) | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Utah |
| County | Washington |
| Protected area | Zion National Park |
| Parent range | Colorado Plateau |
| Topo map | USGS *Springdale East* |
| Geology | |
| Age of rock | Jurassic |
| Type of rock | Navajo sandstone |
| Climbing | |
| Easiest route | class 2+ scrambling |


title: Nipples & Palm Trees

abstract: Nipples & Palm Trees is a 2012 American sex comedy film directed by Dylan Reynolds, written by Matthew James, and starring James, Sadie Katz, Akihiro Kitamura, and Vanessa Rose Parker.

text:
# Nipples & Palm Trees

***Nipples & Palm Trees*** is a 2012 American sex comedy film directed by Dylan Reynolds, written by Matthew James, and starring James, Sadie Katz, Akihiro Kitamura, and Vanessa Rose Parker.

## Plot summary

After having trouble with his girlfriend, a painter named Jackson searches Los Angeles to find love, though he mostly finds casual sex.

## Cast

* Matthew James as Jackson
* Sadie Katz as Harmony
* Akihiro Kitamura as Phil
* Vanessa Rose Parker as Liz
* Cary Thompson as Cary
* Will Morales as Al
* Jackie Kamm as C. C.

## Release

*Nipples & Palm Trees* was released theatrically July 13, 2012, and on DVD November 6, 2012. Hulu picked it up in October 2014.

## Reception

Robert Koehler of *Variety* wrote that the film is too incompetent to be funny. Gary Goldstein of the *Los Angeles Times* described it as "a dreary, dirty-talking sex comedy from the you've-got-to-be-kidding-me school of filmmaking". Michael Nordine of *LA Weekly* wrote, "Though *Nipples and Palm Trees* isn't without its eventual charms, the film is too content, for too long, to dwell on unfunny sleaze and thinly-sketched characters." HorrorCultFilms rated it 8/10 stars and called it "quite possibly the biggest surprise of the year".

## InfoBox

| Nipples & Palm Trees | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Directed by | Dylan Reynolds |
| Written by | Matthew James |
| Produced by | * Matthew James * Dylan Reynolds * Vanessa Rose Parker |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Matt Gulley |
| Edited by | Dylan Reynolds |
| Production<br>company | Jackson County Films |
| Distributed by | Cinema Epoch |
| Release date | * July 13, 2012 (2012-07-13) |
| Running time | 89 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Njuup

abstract: The Njuup tradition is a Serer style of music rooted in the Ndut initiation rite, which is a rite of passage that young Serers must go through once in their lifetime as commanded in the Serer religion.

text:
# Njuup

The **Njuup** tradition is a Serer style of music rooted in the Ndut initiation rite, which is a rite of passage that young Serers must go through once in their lifetime as commanded in the Serer religion.

## History

Njuup songs are religious in nature. For a large part of its history, Njuup was only used within the Ndut ritual. The history of Njuup comes from the older Ndut style of teachings. Young Serer boys in the ndut (nest) were required to create religious tunes during their rite of passage to take their minds off the transitional experience, build their aesthetic skills, and enhance their spirituality. The veneration of Serer Pangool influenced the songs of the Ndut, including Njuup.

Modern Senegambian artists who sing the purest form of Njuup in the Serer language include Rémi Jegaan Dioh and Yandé Codou Sène.

## Influence

Njuup is the progenitor of Mbalax music. Mbalax music originated when prominent Senegalese artists, such Youssou N'Dour, began to incorporate Njuup into their works Unlike Njuup, which is religious, Mbalax is party music. All Mbalax artists are strongly influenced by the Njuup tradition. Senegalese artists who specialize in Mbalax include Mbaye Dieye Faye, Youssou N'Dour, and Thione Seck.

## Further reading

## InfoBox


title: Njurunda SK

abstract: Njurunda SK is an ice hockey team in Njurunda, Sweden. They play in the Swedish Division 2, the fourth level of ice hockey in Sweden. Their home arena is the Njurunda ishall, which opened in 1986. Henrik Zetterberg used to play for the club's youth team. Njurunda had previously played in the third-level Division 1, but elected to drop out of the league during the 2012-13 season, following the conclusion of the Division 1B continuation series.

text:
# Njurunda SK

**Njurunda SK** is an ice hockey team in Njurunda, Sweden. They play in the Swedish Division 2, the fourth level of ice hockey in Sweden. Their home arena is the Njurunda ishall, which opened in 1986. Henrik Zetterberg used to play for the club's youth team.

Njurunda had previously played in the third-level Division 1, but elected to drop out of the league during the 2012-13 season, following the conclusion of the Division 1B continuation series.

## InfoBox

| Njurunda SK | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| City | Njurunda, Sweden |
| League | Swedish Division 2 |
| Founded | 1971 |
| Home arena | Njurunda ishall |


title: Noelia Zeballos

abstract: Noelia Zeballos Melgar is a Bolivian tennis player. Zeballos has a career-high singles ranking by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) of 440, reached on 8 May 2023. She also has a career-high WTA doubles ranking of 272, achieved on 21 August 2023. Zeballos has won three singles and 19 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. Playing for Bolivia Fed Cup team, she has an overall win–loss record of 34–34. Her brother Federico is also a professional tennis player.

text:
# Noelia Zeballos

**Noelia Zeballos Melgar** (Spanish pronunciation: \[noˈelja seˈβaʝos melˈɣaɾ\]; born 2 May 1994) is a Bolivian tennis player.

Zeballos has a career-high singles ranking by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) of 440, reached on 8 May 2023. She also has a career-high WTA doubles ranking of 272, achieved on 21 August 2023. Zeballos has won three singles and 19 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.

Playing for Bolivia Fed Cup team, she has an overall win–loss record of 34–34 (as of July 2024).

Her brother Federico is also a professional tennis player.

## ITF Circuit finals

### Singles: 7 (3 titles, 4 runner–ups)

| Legend |
| --- |
| W25 tournaments |
| W15 tournaments |

| Result | W–L | Date | Tournament | Tier | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Win | 1–0 | Jul 2019 | ITF Lima, Peru | W15 | Clay | Nadia Echeverría Alam | 6–3, 6–1 |
| Win | 2–0 | Oct 2019 | ITF Tabarka, Tunisia | W15 | Clay | Irene Lavino | 6–2, 6–3 |
| Loss | 2–1 | Dec 2019 | ITF Heraklion, Greece | W15 | Clay | Darya Astakhova | 2–6, 0–6 |
| Loss | 2–2 | May 2022 | ITF São Paulo, Brazil | W15 | Clay | Martina Capurro Taborda | 6–2, 3–6, 0–6 |
| Loss | 2–3 | Aug 2022 | ITF Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | W25 | Clay | Gabriela Cé | 6–4, 5–7, 3–6 |
| Win | 3–3 | Nov 2022 | ITF Lima, Peru | W15 | Clay | Sofia Sewing | 3–6, 6–3, 6–0 |
| Loss | 3–4 | May 2024 | ITF Santo Domingo,
Dominican Republic | W35 | Hard | Victoria Hu | 7–5, 3–6, 1–6 |

### Doubles: 47 (19 titles, 27 runner–ups)

| Legend |
| --- |
| W40 tournaments |
| W25/35 tournaments |
| W10/15 tournaments |

| Result | W–L | Date | Tournament | Tier | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Win | 1–0 | Jul 2014 | ITF Santa Cruz, Bolivia | W10 | Clay | Sara Giménez | Sofía Luini
Guadalupe Pérez Rojas | 6–7(3), 6–4, \[10–8\] |
| Loss | 1–1 | Aug 2015 | ITF Bursa, Turkey | W10 | Hard | María Álvarez Terán | Katharina Hering
Mirabelle Njoze | 6–7(4), 4–6 |
| Loss | 1–2 | Mar 2016 | ITF São José, Brazil | W10 | Clay | María Herazo González | Carolina Alves
Camila Giangreco Campiz | 3–6, 4–6 |
| Loss | 1–3 | Oct 2016 | ITF Hammamet, Tunisia | W10 | Clay | Fernanda Brito | Carolina Alves
Karin Kennel | 2–6, 6–4, \[9–11\] |
| Loss | 1–4 | Oct 2016 | ITF Hammamet, Tunisia | W10 | Clay | Fernanda Brito | Alice Bacquié
Pia König | 4–6, 1–6 |
| Loss | 1–5 | Nov 2016 | ITF Hammamet, Tunisia | W10 | Clay | Carolina Alves | Diana Enache
Ilona Georgiana Ghioroaie | 6–3, 1–6, \[8–10\] |
| Loss | 1–6 | Nov 2016 | ITF Hammamet, Tunisia | W10 | Clay | Carolina Alves | Tamara Čurović
Déborah Kerfs | 6–7(5), 3–6 |
| Win | 2–6 | May 2017 | ITF Pula, Italy | W15 | Clay | Fernanda Brito | Maria Masini
Lisa Ponomar | 6–3, 0–6, \[10–3\] |
| Loss | 2–7 | Jun 2017 | ITF Antalya, Turkey | W15 | Clay | Ena Kajević | Georgia Crăciun
Ilona Georgiana Ghioroaie | w/o |
| Loss | 2–8 | Jun 2017 | ITF Hammamet, Tunisia | W15 | Clay | Fernanda Brito | Hsieh Yu-chieh
Wu Fang-hsien | 7–5, 3–6, \[9–11\] |
| Win | 3–8 | Jun 2017 | ITF Hammamet, Tunisia | W15 | Clay | Fernanda Brito | Lucía de la Puerta Uribe
Guiomar Maristany | 6–1, 6–3 |
| Loss | 3–9 | Jul 2017 | ITF Getxo, Spain | W25 | Clay | Cristina Bucșa | Andrea Gámiz
Aleksandrina Naydenova | 2–6, 4–6 |
| Loss | 3–10 | Oct 2017 | ITF Lambaré, Paraguay | W15 | Clay | Thaisa Grana Pedretti | Fernanda Brito
Camila Giangreco Campiz | w/o |
| Loss | 3–11 | Nov 2017 | ITF Cúcuta, Colombia | W15 | Clay | Sofía Múnera Sánchez | Emily Appleton
María Portillo Ramírez | 3–6, 6–7(2) |
| Win | 4–11 | Dec 2017 | ITF Luque, Paraguay | W15 | Hard | Thaisa Grana Pedretti | Montserrat González
Ana Sofía Sánchez | 6–2, 6–4 |
| Win | 5–11 | Aug 2018 | ITF Caslano, Switzerland | W15 | Clay | Alba Carrillo Marín | Natasha Piludu
Maya Tahan | 6–4, 6–4 |
| Loss | 5–12 | Nov 2018 | ITF Lousada, Portugal | W15 | Hard (i) | Alba Carrillo Marín | Olga Parres Azcoitia
Ioana Loredana Roșca | 2–6, 2–6 |
| Finalist | 5–13 | Nov 2018 | ITF Castellón, Spain | W15 | Clay | Noelia Bouzó Zanotti | Claudia Hoste Ferrer
Michele Alexandra Zmău | cancelled |
| Win | 6–13 | Dec 2018 | ITF Solarino, Italy | W15 | Carpet | Lou Adler | Maria Masini
Manca Pislak | 2–6, 6–4, \[10–6\] |
| Win | 7–13 | May 2019 | ITF Cantanhede, Portugal | W15 | Carpet | Alba Carrillo Marín | Francisca Jorge
Anna Ureke | 6–3, 4–6, \[10–6\] |
| Win | 8–13 | Jun 2019 | ITF Tabarka, Tunisia | W15 | Clay | Noelia Bouzó Zanotti | Maria Marfutina
Anastasiya Poplavska | 6–0, 6–3 |
| Loss | 8–14 | Jul 2019 | ITF Tabarka, Tunisia | W15 | Clay | Alica Rusová | Ioana Gașpar
Yuliana Lizarazo | 5–7, 3–6 |
| Win | 9–14 | Aug 2019 | ITF Santa Cruz, Bolivia | W15 | Clay | Jazmín Ortenzi | Elizaveta Koklina
Anna Morgina | 6–1, 4–6, \[11–9\] |
| Win | 10–14 | Aug 2019 | ITF La Paz, Bolivia | W15 | Clay | Jazmín Ortenzi | Romina Ccuno
Antonia Samudio | 6–2, 1–6, \[10–4\] |
| Win | 11–14 | Aug 2019 | ITF Lambaré, Paraguay | W15 | Clay | Montserrat González | Fernanda Brito
Sofía Luini | 6–0, 6–4 |
| Win | 12–14 | Sep 2019 | ITF Tabarka, Tunisia | W15 | Clay | Natalia Siedliska | Martina Colmegna
María Herazo González | 7–5, 6–1 |
| Win | 13–14 | Nov 2019 | ITF Heraklion, Greece | W15 | Clay | Noelia Bouzó Zanotti | Lexie Stevens
Draginja Vuković | 6–4, 5–7, \[10–6\] |
| Loss | 13–15 | Nov 2019 | ITF Heraklion, Greece | W15 | Clay | Oana Gavrilă | Ani Amiraghyan
Julia Stamatova | 1–6, 6–4, \[7–10\] |
| Loss | 13–16 | Aug 2021 | ITF Monastir, Tunisia | W15 | Hard | Noelia Bouzó Zanotti | Tiphanie Lemaître
Akvilė Paražinskaitė | 2–6, 1–6 |
| Loss | 13–17 | Sep 2021 | ITF Monastir, Tunisia | W15 | Hard | Elena Milovanović | Choi Ji-hee
Jeong Yeong-won | 4–6, 6–3, \[5–10\] |
| Win | 14–17 | Nov 2021 | ITF Curitiba, Brazil | W15 | Clay | Lara Escauriza | Nathaly Kurata
Eduarda Piai | 6–3, 6–1 |
| Loss | 14–18 | Feb 2022 | ITF Tucumán, Argentina | W25 | Hard | Nicole Fossa Huergo | María Carlé
Julieta Estable | 6–3, 0–6, \[7–10\] |
| Loss | 14–19 | Feb 2022 | ITF Guayaquil, Ecuador | W25 | Hard | Nicole Fossa Huergo | Andrea Gámiz
Sofia Sewing | 4–6, 5–7 |
| Loss | 14–20 | May 2022 | ITF Curitiba, Brazil | W15 | Clay | Ana Filipa Santos | Martina Capurro Taborda
Fernanda Labraña | 1–6, 4–6 |
| Loss | 14–20 | May 2022 | ITF São Paulo, Brazil | W15 | Clay | Romina Ccuno | Martina Capurro Taborda
Fernanda Labraña | 6–7(1), 6–3, \[7–10\] |
| Win | 15–21 | Aug 2022 | ITF Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | W25 | Clay | Thaísa Grana Pedretti | Riya Bhatia
María Paulina Pérez | 6–3, 6–1 |
| Loss | 15–22 | Sep 2022 | ITF Pula, Italy | W25 | Clay | Jennifer Ruggeri | Angelica Moratelli
Camilla Rosatello | 4–6, 4–6 |
| Loss | 15–23 | Jul 2023 | ITF Getxo, Spain | W25 | Clay | Nicole Fossa Huergo | Diletta Cherubini
Anna Sisková | 2–6, 4–6 |
| Win | 16–23 | Aug 2023 | ITF Arequipa, Peru | W40 | Clay | Natalia Siedliska | Ana Candiotto
Anastasia Iamachkine | 5–7, 6–2, \[10–8\] |
| Loss | 16–24 | Jan 2024 | ITF Buenos Aires, Argentina | W35 | Clay | Melany Krywoj | Nicole Fossa Huergo
Miriana Tona | 5–7, 3–6 |
| Loss | 16–25 | Feb 2024 | ITF Tucumán, Argentina | W15 | Clay | Ana Candiotto | Justina González Daniele
Camila Romero | 6–4, 6–7(6), \[8–10\] |
| Win | 17–25 | May 2024 | ITF Sopo, Colombia | W35 | Clay | María Portillo Ramírez | Yuliana Lizarazo
Rebeca Pereira | 6–4, 6–4 |
| Loss | 17–26 | Jun 2024 | ITF Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic | W15 | Hard | Jessica Hinojosa Gómez | Julia García
Sofía Camila Rojas | 4–6, 6–7(6) |
| Loss | 17–27 | Aug 2024 | ITF Pilar, Argentina | W35 | Clay | María Paulina Pérez | Alicia Herrero Liñana
Melany Krywoj | 1–6, 3–6 |
| Win | 18–27 | Sep 2024 | ITF Piracicaba, Brazil | W35 | Clay | Miriana Tona | María Paulina Pérez
Aurora Zantedeschi | 5–7, 6–1, \[12–10\] |
| Win | 19–27 | Sep 2024 | ITF Leme,, Brazil | W35 | Clay | Miriana Tona | Rebeca Pereira
Camila Romero | 4–6, 6–4, \[10–4\] |

1. Nicholas, Stephon (2019-04-21). "TT finish fourth in Fed Cup - Trinidad and Tobago Newsday". *newsday.co.tt*. Retrieved 2023-11-09.

## InfoBox

Noelia Zeballos
| Full name | Noelia Zeballos Melgar |
| --- | --- |
| Country (sports) | Bolivia |
| Born | (1994-05-02) 2 May 1994
Santa Cruz, Bolivia |
| Height | 1.68 m (5 ft 6 in) |
| Plays | Right (two-handed backhand) |
| Prize money | $105,595 |
| Singles | |
| Career record | 255–241 |
| Career titles | 3 ITF |
| Highest ranking | No. 440 (8 May 2023) |
| Current ranking | No. 613 (16 September 2024) |
| Doubles | |
| Career record | 268–201 |
| Career titles | 19 ITF |
| Highest ranking | No. 258 (29 July 2024) |
| Current ranking | No. 323 (16 September 2024) |
| Team competitions | |
| Fed Cup | 34–34 |
| Medal record      Representing  Bolivia  Pan American Games  2019 Lima Mixed doubles | |
| Last updated on: 16 September 2024. | |


title: Noelie McDonnell

abstract: Noelie McDonnell is an Irish singer-songwriter from Tuam, County Galway. His debut release was an EP entitled Downhome in 2004. His debut self-titled album released in 2005, was considered a hit, and its opening song, "Stars" was picked as Ian Dempsey's Song of the Week on Today FM radio programme The Ian Dempsey Breakfast Show. In June 2008, McDonnell released his second album, Beyond Hard Places. Nearly Four, a song written for McDonnell's nephew got to number 4 in the Irish Download Charts in Autumn, and number 15 in the Irish Singles Chart. McDonnell has played alongside numerous artists including John Martyn, Roesy, The Saw Doctors, The Chalets, Luka Bloom, The Walls and Mundy.

text:
# Noelie McDonnell

**Noelie McDonnell** is an Irish singer-songwriter from Tuam, County Galway. His debut release was an EP entitled *Downhome* in 2004. His debut self-titled album released in 2005, was considered a hit, and its opening song, "Stars" was picked as Ian Dempsey's Song of the Week on Today FM radio programme *The Ian Dempsey Breakfast Show*.

In June 2008, McDonnell released his second album, *Beyond Hard Places*. *Nearly Four*, a song written for McDonnell's nephew got to number 4 in the Irish Download Charts in Autumn, and number 15 in the Irish Singles Chart.

McDonnell has played alongside numerous artists including John Martyn, Roesy, The Saw Doctors, The Chalets, Luka Bloom, The Walls and Mundy.

## InfoBox

| Noelie McDonnell | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Noel McDonnell |
| Origin | Tuam, County Galway, Ireland |
| Genres | Folk, indie, Folk rock |
| Instrument(s) | Singing, guitar, harmonica |
|  | |
| Website | www.noeliemcdonnell.com |


title: Noida Sector 148 metro station

abstract: The Noida Sector 148 is an elevated metro station on the North-South corridor of the Aqua Line of Noida Metro in the city of Noida, Uttar Pradesh. It was opened on 25 January 2019.

text:
# Noida Sector 148 metro station

The **Noida Sector 148** is an elevated metro station on the North-South corridor of the Aqua Line of Noida Metro in the city of Noida, Uttar Pradesh. It was opened on 25 January 2019.

## The station

### Station layout

| Noida Sector 148 track layout |
| --- |
|  |
|  |
| Station with two tracks and two side platforms |

| **G** | Street level | Exit/Entrance |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **L1** | Mezzanine | Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover
 |
| **L2** | Side platform | Doors will open on the left | |
| | **Platform 2**
**Southbound** | Towards → Depot
**Next Station:** Knowledge Park II |
| | **Platform 1**
**Northbound** | Towards ← Noida Sector 51
**Next Station:** Noida Sector 147 |
| | Side platform | Doors will open on the left | |
| **L2** |  |  |
| |

### Facilities

## Entry/Exit

| **Noida Sector 148 metro station Entry/exits** | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Gate No-1 | Gate No-2 |
|  |  |
|  |  |
|  |  |
|  |  |
|  |  |

## Connections

### Bus

## InfoBox

|
Noida Sector 148
 | |
| --- | --- |
| Noida Metro station | |
| General information | |
| Location | Kondli Khadar, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310 |
| Coordinates | 28°26′53″N 77°28′36″E / 28.4481°N 77.4766°E / 28.4481; 77.4766 |
| Owned by | Noida Metro |
| Operated by | Noida Metro Rail Corporation (NMRC) |
| Line(s) | Aqua Line |
| Platforms | Side platform
Platform-1 → Noida Sector 51
Platform-2 → Depot |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Elevated, Double-track |
| Platform levels | 2 |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Website | http://nmrcnoida.com |
| History | |
| Opened | 25 January 2019 (2019-01-25) |
| Electrified | 25 kV 50 Hz AC through overhead catenary |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Noida Metro Following station  Noida Sector 147towards Noida Sector 51  Aqua Line  Knowledge Park IItowards Depot | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: No Kids (band)

abstract: No Kids is a Canadian indie pop band from Vancouver, British Columbia.

text:
# No Kids (band)

**No Kids** is a Canadian indie pop band from Vancouver, British Columbia.

## History

The band was formed by Justin Kellam, Julia Chirka and Nick Krgovich following the departure of Larissa Loyva from their earlier band P:ano.

The band's debut album, *Come Into My House*, was released February 19, 2008 on Tomlab. They toured Canada and the United States through the spring and summer of 2008 in support of the record. The album was given a generally favourable rating on Metacritic.

The band contributed to a compilation album, *Friends in Bellwoods II*, in 2009, and toured with the band Mount Eerie and Tara Jane O’Neil. They then released an EP, *Judy At The Grove*, in 2010.

## Discography

* *Come Into My House* (2008)
* *Judy At The Grove EP* (2010)

### Compilations

## InfoBox

| No Kids | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada |
| Genres | Indie pop |
| Years active | 2008 (2008)–present |
| Labels | Tomlab |
|  | |
| Members | Julia Chirka
Justin Kellam
Nick Krgovich |


title: Noorderzijlvest

abstract: Waterschap Noorderzijlvest (WNZV) is a Dutch regional water authority covering the provinces of Groningen, Friesland, and Drenthe. It has its seat in the city of Groningen. It is responsible for water management, water quality and sewage water treatment in its catchment area. Like many of the present water boards in the Netherlands, WNZV was created through a series of mergers of smaller regional boards over centuries. The documented history of these smaller boards and the dike rights that preceded them goes as far back as 1408. The present WNZV was created in the year 2000 from the merger of Water Board Noorderzijlvest, Zuiveringschap Drenthe and the Service Purification Management of Groningen province.

text:
# Noorderzijlvest

**Waterschap Noorderzijlvest** (WNZV) is a Dutch regional water authority covering the provinces of Groningen, Friesland, and Drenthe. It has its seat in the city of Groningen. It is responsible for water management, water quality and sewage water treatment in its catchment area.

Like many of the present water boards in the Netherlands, WNZV was created through a series of mergers of smaller regional boards over centuries. The documented history of these smaller boards and the dike rights that preceded them goes as far back as 1408.

The present WNZV was created in the year 2000 from the merger of Water Board Noorderzijlvest, Zuiveringschap Drenthe and the Service Purification Management of Groningen province.

## InfoBox

| Waterschap Noorderzijlvest | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Map of the Dutch water boards (2019). Noorderzijlvest is indicated with a 1. | |
| Country | Netherlands |
| Province | Groningen, Friesland, Drenthe |
| Seat (waterschapshuis) | Groningen |
| Government | |
| Dijkgraaf | Bert Middel |
| Area | |
| Total | 1,440 km2 (560 sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 |
| Website | www.noorderzijlvest.nl |


abstract: No Nukes: The Muse Concerts For a Non-Nuclear Future was a 1979 triple live album that contained selections from the September 1979 Madison Square Garden concerts by the Musicians United for Safe Energy collective. Jackson Browne, Graham Nash, Bonnie Raitt, and John Hall were the key organizers of the event and guiding forces behind the album. This was the first official appearance of Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band's live act on record, and their "Detroit Medley", a staple of the encores of their regular shows, achieved considerable album-oriented rock airplay. In 2021, Springsteen officially released a compilation of songs he performed in his sets from the shows as the live album The Legendary 1979 No Nukes Concerts. Otherwise the album did not get much radio attention, as many of the artists held back their best-known material from appearing on it or emphasized collaborative performances. The album was certified a gold record by the RIAA in September 1980. It was reissued as a two-CD set by Elektra Records in October 1997. The No Nukes film was also released in May 1980 from this event, although it contained somewhat varying contents from this album.

text:
# No Nukes: The Muse Concerts for a Non-Nuclear Future

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | link |
| *Christgau's Record Guide* | C+ |
| *Rolling Stone Record Guide* | (1983) |
| *Rolling Stone* | link (1997) |

***No Nukes: The Muse Concerts For a Non-Nuclear Future*** was a 1979 triple live album that contained selections from the September 1979 Madison Square Garden concerts by the Musicians United for Safe Energy collective. Jackson Browne, Graham Nash, Bonnie Raitt, and John Hall were the key organizers of the event and guiding forces behind the album.

This was the first official appearance of Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band's live act on record, and their "Detroit Medley", a staple of the encores of their regular shows, achieved considerable album-oriented rock airplay. In 2021, Springsteen officially released a compilation of songs he performed in his sets from the shows as the live album *The Legendary 1979 No Nukes Concerts*.

Otherwise the album did not get much radio attention, as many of the artists held back their best-known material from appearing on it or emphasized collaborative performances. The album was certified a gold record by the RIAA in September 1980. It was reissued as a two-CD set by Elektra Records in October 1997.

The *No Nukes* film was also released in May 1980 from this event, although it contained somewhat varying contents from this album.

## Track listing

### Side 1

1. "Dependin' on You" (Patrick Simmons, Michael McDonald)The Doobie Brothers – 4:44
2. "Runaway" (Del Shannon, Max Crook)Bonnie Raitt – 3:53
3. "Angel from Montgomery" (John Prine) – Bonnie Raitt – 3:48
4. "Plutonium Is Forever" (John & Johanna Hall)John Hall – 3:22
5. "Power" (John & Johanna Hall) – The Doobie Brothers with John Hall and James Taylor – 5:23

### Side 2

1. "The Times They Are A-Changin'" (Bob Dylan) – James Taylor, Carly Simon and Graham Nash – 3:00
2. "Cathedral" (Graham Nash) – Graham Nash – 6:03
3. "The Crow on the Cradle" (Sydney Carter)Jackson Browne and Graham Nash – 5:04
4. "Before the Deluge" (Jackson Browne) – Jackson Browne – 6:27

### Side 3

1. "Lotta Love" (Neil Young)Nicolette Larson and The Doobie Brothers – 3:33
2. "Little Sister" (Doc Pomus, Mort Shuman)Ry Cooder – 3:56
3. "A Woman" (Connie Brooks, Patricia Johnson)Sweet Honey in the Rock – 1:28
4. "We Almost Lost Detroit" (Gil Scott-Heron)Gil Scott-Heron – 4:44
5. "Get Together" (Chet Powers)Jesse Colin Young – 4:52

### Side 4

1. "You Can't Change That" (Ray Parker Jr.)Raydio – 3:33
2. "Once You Get Started" (Gavin Christopher)Chaka Khan – 5:10
3. "Captain Jim's Drunken Dream" (James Taylor) – James Taylor – 4:19
4. "Honey Don't Leave L.A." (Danny Kortchmar) – James Taylor – 3:45
5. "Mockingbird" (Inez and Charlie Foxx) – James Taylor and Carly Simon – 3:57

### Side 5

1. "Heart of the Night" (Paul Cotton)Poco – 6:09
2. "Cry to Me" (Bert Berns)Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers – 3:30
3. "Stay" (Maurice Williams)Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band with Jackson Browne, Tom Petty and Rosemary Butler – 4:14
4. "Detroit Medley": "Devil with the Blue Dress" (Shorty Long, Mickey Stevenson), "Good Golly, Miss Molly" (Robert Blackwell, John Marascalco), "Jenny Take a Ride" (Enotris Johnson, Richard Penniman, Bob Crewe) – Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band – 4:49

### Side 6

1. "You Don't Have to Cry" (Stephen Stills)Crosby, Stills & Nash – 3:04
2. "Long Time Gone" (David Crosby) – Crosby, Stills & Nash – 5:23
3. "Teach Your Children" (Graham Nash) – Crosby, Stills & Nash – 3:05
4. "Takin' It to the Streets" (Michael McDonald) – The Doobie Brothers and James Taylor – 4:37

## Charts

| Chart (1980) | Peak position | Certification |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 18 |  |
| *Billboard* Top LPs | 14 |  |
| Canada Album Charts | 53 |  |
| New Zealand Album Charts | 35 |  |
| Dutch Album Charts | 34 |  |
| Norwegian Album Charts | 12 |  |

## Production credits

## Production crew

* John Badenhop
* Eric Barrett
* Tim Bernett
* David Bernstein
* Joel Bernstein
* Mark Brickman
* Rance Caldwell
* Bob Chirmside
* Rusty Conway
* Ivan Crews
* Joe Crowley
* Jim DeLuca
* Tony DeMattia
* Denny Densmore
* Chip Dox
* Pat Farrell
* David Faison
* Richard Fernandez
* Chuck Fitzpatrick
* Bill "Doc" Gans
* Glenn Goodwin
* Tom Hansen
* Denis Heron
* Armando Hurley
* Jeffrey Husband
* Grey Ingram
* Bruce Jackson
* Buford Jones
* Dennis Jones
* Phyllis Kaufman
* Leroy Kerr
* Edd Kolakowski
* Donnie Kretzschmar
* Lewis Lee
* Tom Littrell
* Clyde Llewellyn
* Robin Magruder
* Rob Marchner
* Jeff Mason
* Mary Newton
* Steve Nutting
* Alan Owen
* C.J.Patterson
* Steve Pearlman
* Ron Penny
* Bob Pope
* Dennis Scrimo
* B.J.Schiller
* Dixie Swanson
* George Van Ostrum
* Michael Valvano
* Larry Wallace
* Marty Woolf
* Joe Hill

## InfoBox

| No Nukes | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by various artists | |
| Released | November 1979 |
| Recorded | September 19–23, 1979 |
| Genre | Rock |
| Length | 115:51 |
| Label | Asylum Records |
| Producer | Jackson Browne, Graham Nash, John Hall & Bonnie Raitt |
|  | |
| Singles from  *No Nukes* | |
| 1. "Power"<br>Released: 1980 | |
|  | |


title: Norcliffe

abstract: Norcliffe (1973–1984) was a Canadian Hall of Fame Thoroughbred racehorse. He was sired by U.S. Hall of Fame Champion Buckpasser out of the mare Drama School by Northern Dancer. Owned by the Norcliffe Stable of Charles F. Baker, Chairman of the Board of the Ontario Jockey Club, Norcliffe was trained by Roger Attfield. Ridden by jockey Jeffrey Fell, Norcliffe won two of the first three legs of the 1976 Canadian Triple Crown races on dirt at Woodbine Racetrack, capturing the Queen's Plate and the Prince of Wales Stakes. The Breeders' Stakes, the final leg, is a race run on the grass course at Fort Erie Race Track and Norcliffe finished fifth. Norcliffe earned 1976 Horse of the Year honours in Canada. In 1977 he earned a Sovereign Award as top older horse and was elected to the Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame in 2005.

text:
# Norcliffe

**Norcliffe** (1973–1984) was a Canadian Hall of Fame Thoroughbred racehorse. He was sired by U.S. Hall of Fame Champion Buckpasser out of the mare Drama School by Northern Dancer.

Owned by the Norcliffe Stable of Charles F. Baker, Chairman of the Board of the Ontario Jockey Club, Norcliffe was trained by Roger Attfield. Ridden by jockey Jeffrey Fell, Norcliffe won two of the first three legs of the 1976 Canadian Triple Crown races on dirt at Woodbine Racetrack, capturing the Queen's Plate and the Prince of Wales Stakes. The Breeders' Stakes, the final leg, is a race run on the grass course at Fort Erie Race Track and Norcliffe finished fifth. Norcliffe earned 1976 Horse of the Year honours in Canada. In 1977 he earned a Sovereign Award as top older horse and was elected to the Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame in 2005.

## As a sire

Retired to stud at the end of the 1977 racing season, Norcliffe was North America's leading juvenile sire by number of wins and second in earnings in 1981. He sired Groovy who was voted the 1987 Eclipse Award for American Champion Sprint Horse and who was a Texas State Champion twice.

Another successful son of Norcliffe was At the Threshold, a 1981 foal out of the mare Winver. She was a daughter of Vertex, a multiple winner of top level stakes and the sire of 1965 Kentucky Derby winner Lucky Debonair and 1968 U.S. Champion Two-Year-Old Colt, Top Knight. At the Threshold's wins include the Grade 1 American Derby and Arlington Classic Stakes, the Grade 2 Ohio Derby and he ran third in the 1984 Kentucky Derby. He also was the sire of 1992 Kentucky Derby winner Lil E. Tee.

## Pedigree

Pedigree of Norcliffe, bay stallion, 1973
| Sire
Buckpasser | Tom Fool | Menow | Pharamond |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Alcibiades |
| | Gaga | Bull Dog |
| | Alpoise |
| | Busanda | War Admiral | Man o' War |
| | | Brushup |
| | Businesslike | Blue Larkspur |
| | La Troienne |
| Dam
Drama School | Northern Dancer | Nearctic | Nearco |
| | | Lady Angela |
| | Natalma | Native Dancer |
| | Almahmoud |
| | Stalina | Stalino | Stardust |
| | | Inkling |
| | Boscabell | Fairford |
| | Hellenize (family: 10-d) |

## InfoBox

| Norcliffe | |
| --- | --- |
| Norcliffe, oil on canvas
painted by Bob Demuyser (1920-2003) | |
| Sire | Buckpasser |
| Grandsire | Tom Fool |
| Dam | Drama School |
| Damsire | Northern Dancer |
| Sex | Stallion |
| Foaled | 1973 |
| Country | Canada |
| Colour | Bay |
| Breeder | E. P. Taylor |
| Owner | Norcliffe Stable (Charles F. Baker) |
| Trainer | Roger Attfield |
| Record | 33: 14-8-3 |
| Earnings | $434,066 |
| Major wins | |
| Coronation Futurity Stakes (1975)
Plate Trial Stakes (1976)
Carling O'Keefe Invitational Handicap
(1976, 1977)
Colonel R. S. McLaughlin Handicap (1976)
Canadian Maturity Stakes (1977)**Canadian Triple Crown series:**
Queen's Plate (1976)
Prince of Wales Stakes (1976)
 | |
| Awards | |
| Canadian Champion 3-Yr-Old Colt (1976)
Canadian Horse of the Year (1976)
Canadian Champion Older Male Horse (1977) | |
| Honours | |
| Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame (2005) | |
| Last updated on September 17, 2006 | |


title: Nižná Sitnica

abstract: Nižná Sitnica is a village and municipality in Humenné District in the Prešov Region of north-east Slovakia.

text:
# Nižná Sitnica

**Nižná Sitnica** is a village and municipality in Humenné District in the Prešov Region of north-east Slovakia.

## History

In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1408.

## Geography

The municipality lies at an altitude of 187 metres and covers an area of 9.172 km². It has a population of about 370 people.

## InfoBox

| Nižná Sitnica | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Nižná SitnicaLocation of Nižná Sitnica in the Prešov RegionNižná SitnicaLocation of Nižná Sitnica in Slovakia | |
| Coordinates: 49°04′N 21°48′E / 49.067°N 21.800°E / 49.067; 21.800 | |
| Country | Slovakia |
| Region | Prešov |
| District | Humenné |
| First mentioned | 1408 |
| Area | |
| Total | 9.172 km2 (3.541 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 187 m (614 ft) |
| Population | |
| Total | 370 |
| Density | 40/km2 (100/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 094 07 |
| Area code | 421-57 |
| Car plate | HE |
| Website | www.niznasitnica.sk |


title: Noah Lyon

abstract: Noah Lyon is a multidisciplinary artist based in New York City. A graduate of the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, Noah Lyon works in drawing, painting, artist's books, sound art, and installation. He is the founder of Retard Riot, a network of radical individuals devoted to art, music, and philosophy. Under several different monikers he practices the art of cultural criticism, turntablism and plunderphonics. Beside his fine art career he maintains a prolific output of underground ephemera including Retard Riot zines, radio broadcasts, CD-R's, cassettes, stickers, flyers, collaborative tape music and buttons. His work is in the permanent collections of the Tate Britain and the Museum of Modern Art, The Menil Collection and The Whitney Museum of American Art.

text:
# Noah Lyon

**Noah Lyon** (born September 11, 1979) is a multidisciplinary artist based in New York City.

A graduate of the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, Noah Lyon works in drawing, painting, artist's books, sound art, and installation. He is the founder of Retard Riot, a network of radical individuals devoted to art, music, and philosophy. Under several different monikers (most commonly Doctor Ninja) he practices the art of cultural criticism, turntablism and plunderphonics. Beside his fine art career he maintains a prolific output of underground ephemera including Retard Riot zines, radio broadcasts, CD-R's, cassettes, stickers, flyers, collaborative tape music and buttons. His work is in the permanent collections of the Tate Britain and the Museum of Modern Art, The Menil Collection and The Whitney Museum of American Art.

## Paintings and drawings

Lyon as an artist has been compared to Pablo Picasso not because of his aesthetics but rather the brut instinct, intimacy and intuitive playfulness that his work reflects. The content of his drawings and paintings are more akin to the work of Hieronymus Bosch according to European art critic Thomas Millroth, “With a fantastic imagination à la Bosch Lyon gets his nourishment from popular culture, news flow, contemporary society, international politics and doomsday prophecies.” His work has been noted for its bold pop art imagery, surrealism and social criticism. Lyon often collides brightly colored minimalism with image saturated sensory overload aesthetics. His artwork was featured regularly in Fort Thunder’s Paper Rodeo.

## Noah Lyon buttons

Noah Lyon has created and continues to develop a series of one inch pin-back buttons, creating thousands of hand drawn designs and original texts. The buttons contain a mix of political satire, absurdist propaganda, social critique and simple observations. They are sold en masse by the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art, New Museum of Contemporary Art and the Whitney Museum of American Art.

## Exhibition history

Noah Lyon has exhibited extensively throughout Europe and the United States in galleries and museums including MoMA PS1, MOCA LA, Art Basel, The Armory Show, Printed Matter Inc., Anthology Film Archives, Deitch Projects, Brändström & Stene, Galleri Thomas Wallner and others. His work has been included in museum exhibitions with Andy Warhol, Robert Rauschenberg, Kenneth Anger and other influential American artists.


title: Non-football injury and illness

abstract: Non-football injury and non-football illness (NFI) are roster designations used in the National Football League (NFL) for players who are unable to practice as a result of conditions unrelated to football, or injuries that did not occur during NFL games or practices. They are similar to the physically unable to perform and injured reserve lists. Players on the reserve/non-football injury or reserve/non-football illness lists are ineligible to practice or play in games for the first six weeks of the regular season. After six weeks, a player can begin practicing with their team but cannot be moved to the active roster until after the team has played its first eight games of the season. When a player starts practicing, a three-week window begins in which the player can be moved to the active roster. If a player does not get activated after the three-week window ends, they must remain on the reserve/NFI list for the rest of the season. Only up to two players from the NFI lists are eligible to return to the active roster for each NFL team. NFL teams are not required to pay base salaries to players placed on the reserve/non-football injury or reserve/non-football illness lists.

text:
# Non-football injury and illness

**Non-football injury** and **non-football illness** (**NFI**) are roster designations used in the National Football League (NFL) for players who are unable to practice as a result of conditions unrelated to football, or injuries that did not occur during NFL games or practices. They are similar to the physically unable to perform and injured reserve lists.

Players on the reserve/non-football injury or reserve/non-football illness lists are ineligible to practice or play in games for the first six weeks of the regular season. After six weeks, a player can begin practicing with their team but cannot be moved to the active roster until after the team has played its first eight games of the season. When a player starts practicing, a three-week window begins in which the player can be moved to the active roster. If a player does not get activated after the three-week window ends, they must remain on the reserve/NFI list for the rest of the season. Only up to two players from the NFI lists are eligible to return to the active roster for each NFL team. NFL teams are not required to pay base salaries to players placed on the reserve/non-football injury or reserve/non-football illness lists.

## Active/NFI

Players who report to training camp injured or ill due to injuries or illnesses sustained outside of NFL practices or games can be placed on the active/non-football injury or active/non-football illness lists while they recover. A player cannot remain on an NFI list if they participate in a practice or game during the preseason. Players on these lists still count towards the 90-man roster limits prior to the start of the regular season. If a player on the active/NFI list is still injured or ill by the final roster cutdown date, they can be placed on the reserve/non-football injury or reserve/non-football illness lists and not count towards the 53-man roster limit.

## Notable examples

Willis McGahee spent his entire rookie season on the Buffalo Bills' non-football injury list due to the major knee injury he sustained in the 2003 Fiesta Bowl while in college. Former New England Patriots offensive tackle Marcus Cannon began his rookie season on the non-football illness list as he recovered from chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 2011.


title: Non-fullerene acceptor

abstract: Non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are types of acceptors used in organic solar cells (OSCs). The name Fullerene comes from another type of acceptor-molecule which was used as the main acceptor material for bulk heterojunction Organic solar cells. Non-fullerene acceptors are thus defined as not being a part of this sort of acceptors. Research in non-fullerene acceptors did not show promising results starting up when being compared to fullerene based organic solar cells. However, recent developments in this field launched a series of new opportunities for the NFA based OSCs. The most important breakthrough was the development of the small molecule acceptors (SMAs). These acceptors are showing promising results to be better alternatives for Fullerene acceptors because of their properties. The property that makes these SMAs such a big research topic is their tunability. SMAs can be modified to a much greater extent than Fullerene acceptors. There are, however, still many improvements to make on the design of the SMAs in order become profitable to use in OSCs. Recent research on designing NFA-OSCs showed an efficiency of 15% with a so-called tandem solar cell which made use of Non-fullerene acceptors as well as fullerene acceptors. With a good chance that researchers will be able to boost this percentage up to 18%, it is clear that NFA-OSCs have a great potential in becoming a profitable photovoltaic in commercial application.

text:
# Non-fullerene acceptor

**Non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs)** are types of acceptors used in organic solar cells (OSCs). The name Fullerene comes from another type of acceptor-molecule which was used as the main acceptor material for bulk heterojunction Organic solar cells. Non-fullerene acceptors are thus defined as not being a part of this sort of acceptors.

Research in non-fullerene acceptors did not show promising results starting up when being compared to fullerene based organic solar cells. However, recent developments in this field launched a series of new opportunities for the NFA based OSCs. The most important breakthrough was the development of the small molecule acceptors (SMAs). These acceptors are showing promising results to be better alternatives for Fullerene acceptors because of their properties. The property that makes these SMAs such a big research topic is their tunability. SMAs can be modified to a much greater extent than Fullerene acceptors. There are, however, still many improvements to make on the design of the SMAs in order become profitable to use in OSCs.

Recent research on designing NFA-OSCs showed an efficiency of 15% with a so-called tandem solar cell which made use of Non-fullerene acceptors as well as fullerene acceptors. With a good chance that researchers will be able to boost this percentage up to 18%, it is clear that NFA-OSCs have a great potential in becoming a profitable photovoltaic in commercial application.

## NFA Potential

### Advantages

Fullerene acceptors (FAs) have been used extensively in OSCs. This is rationalized by several characteristics of fullerenes. The three-dimensional character causes them to be suitable materials for bulk heterojunction structures. Additionally, its electronic configuration (delocalized LUMOs) allows for efficient percolation and high electron mobility. Another consequence is that they are easily coupled to compatible donor polymers. However, fullerene acceptor organic solar cells (FA-OSCs) encounter a limited efficiency. The energy levels in fullerene compounds are relatively constant and difficult to alter. Moreover, they employ weak absorption in the visible spectrum and the near-infrared spectrum and low thermal instability and photochemical instability. The acceptors need to be purified extensively, adding to the economical and temporal disadvantages of using FAs.

The organic NFAs, in the form of small molecular acceptors (SMAs), can be used to overcome these fullerene deficiencies. They have more structural degrees of freedom, allowing higher electron affinity tunability; they absorb incidental visible-NIR radiation more strongly; they are more stable; they are compatible with donor polymers and they are (in general) easier to synthesize. NF-OSCs with power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of over 13% have been reported, reaching a higher value than its FA-based counterpart.

### Disadvantages

One of the downsides of using SMAs is the fact that, under atmospheric conditions, they tend to engage in disordered (anisotropic) states as a result of their planar structures. They are often planar as aromaticity is required for sufficient electron mobility. The lack of order may diminish electron transport and effective extraction routes that lead to induced current. Moreover, the corresponding lack of orientation affects donor-acceptor exciton formation. This makes them less compatible for bulk heterojunction blends than FAs. Another downside to research on SMA usage is the profound scala of possibilities of donor-acceptor pairs that scientists are challenged to induce.

## Physics

The mechanism of current induction in organic solar cells involves a charge transfer. After electromagnetic absorption and exciton formation in the electron donor polymer, the excited electron is moved towards the acceptor conduction band (LUMO) as a result of the lower energy value than the donor LUMO. This process is called a charge separation, and the corresponding energy value $E\_{CS}$ satisfies $E\_{CS}=E\_{LUMO}^{A}-E\_{HOMO}^{D}$ where CS denotes charge separation, A denotes the acceptor and D denotes the donor molecule. Along with the Coulombic potential that needs to be surpassed, the maximum energy obtained from the process is defined as the Charge Transfer energy, $E\_{CT}$. The difference between the optical excitation energy (the optical band gap energy, $E\_{g}^{opt}$) and the charge transfer energy is the **driving force** of the system.

An advantage of NF-OSCs over current fullerene-based OSCs is that the SMAs used are relatively compatible with donors, as a result of their electronic affinity tunability. Their compatibility originates from their LUMO-energy value similarity. The driving force is minimized to solely Coulombic contributions (\<0.3 eV) with negligible charge separation loss. This results in low potential spillage, $V\_{loss}$, which depends explicitly on the value of the driving force, along with radiative and non-radiative losses during the current induction process. Thus, for NF-OSCs, $E\_{loss}=qV\_{loss}$, with q the electron's charge, is minimized, leading to a higher useful energy output. The result is a high open-circuit voltage $V\_{OC}$ of the solar cell compared to fullerene counterparts, with reports of values as high as 1.1V. However, the diminished charge separation energy cost negatively influences the tendency of excited electrons in the donor conduction band to transport to the acceptor LUMO as it is less preferred energetically. This gives rise to the fact that electrons induced in the current are more energetic, but fewer electrons are induced. This means that the short-circuit current density $J\_{SC}$ and the fill factor (FF) are decreased. In terms of the PCE, the higher open-circuit voltage is compensated by the lower short-circuit current density and fill factor. Researchers showed that ultrafast charge separation is possible with negligible driving force. In fact, the electrical external quantum efficiency $EQE\_{EL}$ is highest for donor-acceptor blends with lowest driving force.

## Types

One of the main advantages of the non-fullerene acceptors is their ability to be tuned and customized by chemical modification. This in contrary to fullerene acceptors. It also immediately creates a bottleneck because of the huge amount of possibilities there are which could be applied as an SMA. A wide variety of SMAs are tested to be a successful acceptor, but two classes of SMAs have proven to give the best results concerning Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) and have made the greatest attribute to the recent development in NFA-OSCs.

### Rylene diimides

Rylene diimides are, as said, one of the two main subclasses which are a basis for acceptor-molecules in modern NFA-OSCs. Rylene diimides are industrial dyes and can be divided into, once again, two subclasses: Perylene Diimides (PDIs) and Naphthalene Diimides (NDIs). Rylene diimides consist of a planar rylene framework and numerous constructions can be made by attaching certain subgroups and by using more PDI molecules in one acceptor. The mono-PDI molecule is shown in the figure on the right.

Rylene diimides are considered good acceptors because of their favourable properties. Rylene diimides usually have high electron mobility values $\mu \_{e}$ due to intermolecular π-stacking. These values are comparable to ones of fullerene acceptors. Furthermore, Rylene diimides also have a high absorbance spectrum in the visible area, high thermal and oxidative stability and their electric affinities can be tuned to a great extent by adding side groups and 3D-structure which leads to a significant higher open-circuit voltage ( $V\_{oc}$) Challenges that must be faced by designing and improving Rylene diimides based OSCs are mainly concerned by synthesis of PDIs because the planar structure of the molecule makes that it tends to aggregate into a crystal structure. This greatly enhances the domain size, larger than the preferred 20 nm, in the bulk heterojunction which leads to a lower charge transport ability. Researchers have tried to reduce this aggregation by three structure adaptions, all focused on enhancing the mobility of Rylene diimides molecules. The first approach is to link two PDI molecules with a single carbon bond, to form a so-called twisted dimer. The second synthesis forms highly twisted 3D-structures of PDI molecules and the third approach forms a fused-ring structure. For all three possible ways, an example molecule is shown in the figure below. These derivatives are examples of acceptor-molecules which were tested and assessed in OSCs for their performance and PCE. Future research will focus on developing better PDIs resulting in higher PCE values for the OSC.

### Fused-ring electron acceptors

Fused-ring electron acceptors (FREAs) are completely different from Rylene diimides. They consist of two electron withdrawing groups in between of a donor group. This donor group is a π-bridge of fused aromatic rings. FREAs have values for $\mu \_{e}$ similar to those of fullerene acceptors and have a wide absorption range. Electron affinities can be tuned by substituting the side chains, the core and the end groups. Current research focusses on designing the best FREA with varying all these groups. Another development issue is the expensive synthesis of these molecules. Finding the most efficient synthetic route is therefore also an important subject concerning these acceptors

## Future development

In current research, rylene diimides (for small band-gap energy donors) and FREAs (for large band-gap energy donors) have shown the most potential for becoming commercially viable solar cell materials for bulk heterojunction blend cells. Wide band gap donors are known to enhance voltage and diminish current density, but in combination with FREAs both values can be relatively high.

There are still a lot of improvements to be made before an NFA-OSC can be commercially profitable. First of all, the PCE should be increased to at least 15% since this is the minimal value for commercial application. As said, PCEs already have exceeded 13% so recent development is on the right track. PCEs can be increased by designing even better NFAs, for instance, on the level of electron mobility NFAs still can increase a lot compared to FAs ( $3.3\cdot 10^{-4}cm^{2}V^{-1}s^{-1}$ for the best NFAs compared to $7.0\cdot 10^{-4}cm^{2}V^{-1}s^{-1}$ for the best FAs). Improvements can also be made in the following aspects: better donor matching, tandem constructions, BHJ morphology and domain purity of the donor and acceptor.

Besides these theoretical research aspects, implementation in a life size commercial solar cell also brings a lot of challenges, such as easy and sustainable device fabrication methods and long-term stability of the organic compounds. Studies also show that with upscaling, the PCE in general drops. On all of these areas, NFA-OSCs show great potential but it will take a lot of research before a solid non-fullerene acceptor-organic solar cell can compete with inorganic solar cells.


title: Norape damana

abstract: Norape damana is a moth of the family Megalopygidae. It was described by Walter Hopp in 1930. It is found in Brazil.

text:
# Norape damana

***Norape damana*** is a moth of the family Megalopygidae. It was described by Walter Hopp in 1930. It is found in Brazil.

## InfoBox

| *Norape damana* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Megalopygidae |
| Genus: | *Norape* |
| Species: | ***N. damana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Norape damana***<br>Hopp, 1930 | |
|


title: Noreen Kershaw

abstract: Noreen Kershaw is an English television actress and director. She trained at the Manchester Polytechnic School of Theatre and Liverpool's Everyman Theatre, originated the title role of the play Shirley Valentine, later made famous by Pauline Collins. She was seen in the BBC television series Life on Mars, as WPC Phyllis Dobbs, the desk officer. She had previously played the roles of Kathy Roach in Channel 4's Brookside 1988–1990, Lynne Harrison in Granada Television's Albion Market 1985–1986, and Joyce Wilson in the long-running Granada TV sitcom, Watching. She has directed episodes of the top-rated ITV1 soap opera, Coronation Street, and Channel 4's comedy drama, Shameless, ITV1 soap opera Emmerdale and Heartbeat, and BBC Scotland"s River City. In 2008, she directed the feature film Act of Grace. In 2022, she was a director of the ITV police procedural drama Ridley.

text:
# Noreen Kershaw

**Noreen Kershaw** (born 16 October 1950) is an English television actress and director.

She trained at the Manchester Polytechnic School of Theatre and Liverpool's Everyman Theatre, originated the title role of the play *Shirley Valentine*, later made famous by Pauline Collins. She was seen in the BBC television series *Life on Mars*, as WPC Phyllis Dobbs, the desk officer.

She had previously played the roles of Kathy Roach in Channel 4's *Brookside* 1988–1990, Lynne Harrison in Granada Television's *Albion Market* 1985–1986, and Joyce Wilson in the long-running Granada TV sitcom, *Watching*.

She has directed episodes of the top-rated ITV1 soap opera, *Coronation Street*, and Channel 4's comedy drama, *Shameless*, ITV1 soap opera *Emmerdale* and *Heartbeat*, and BBC Scotland"s *River City*.

In 2008, she directed the feature film *Act of Grace*.

In 2022, she was a director of the ITV police procedural drama *Ridley*.

## InfoBox

| Noreen Kershaw | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Noreen Kershaw
(1950-10-16) 16 October 1950
Bury, Lancashire, England |
| Occupation(s) | Television actress, television director |


title: Norman Forbes-Robertson

abstract: Norman Forbes-Robertson, known professionally as Norman Forbes, was an English actor and art dealer. He was the brother of actor Sir Johnston Forbes-Robertson and a friend of Ellen Terry, Oscar Wilde, Edward Elgar and Henry Irving. Together with Bram Stoker, he helped to organize Irving's funeral; a large body of letters connected with this event still exist.

text:
# Norman Forbes-Robertson

**Norman Forbes-Robertson** (24 September 1858 – 28 September 1932), known professionally as **Norman Forbes**, was an English actor and art dealer. He was the brother of actor Sir Johnston Forbes-Robertson and a friend of Ellen Terry, Oscar Wilde, Edward Elgar and Henry Irving. Together with Bram Stoker, he helped to organize Irving's funeral; a large body of letters connected with this event still exist.

## Biography

Forbes was the son of John Forbes-Robertson (1822–1903) and one of the 11 siblings of Sir Johnston Forbes-Robertson.

He was educated at University College School, London and studied acting under Samuel Phelps. Forbes-Robertson was a prominent member of London's exclusive Garrick Club. According to "The History of the Tie", one afternoon in the 1920s, he wore a salmon-and-cucumber tie to lunch at the Garrick Club, joking that it was the official club tie. Thereafter it was adopted as such.

His first stage appearance was on 20 November 1875 when he played Sir Harry Guildford in Shakespeare's *King Henry VIII* at the Gaiety Theatre.

His final performance was as Sir Andrew Aguecheek in *Twelfth Night* at the New Theatre in 1932, a role for which he had become famous.

Forbes also had a career as an art dealer and in 1901 was credited with discovering the painting Christ in the House of Martha and Mary by Johannes Vermeer.

Forbes had an intimate friendship with Oscar Wilde. Their friendship, which began some time before May 1879, was described as intense but entirely platonic.

In the early 20th century, he owned and restored Stocks Mill in Wittersham, Kent. Forbes-Robertson was knocked down by a motor car in September 1932 and died in Exeter, Devon. He was an early motorist, employing his own chauffeur. He was the father of Norman, Olivia and Jill.

1. "OBITUARY. MR. NORMAN FORBES". *The Stage*. No. 2688. 6 October 1932. p. 15. Retrieved 6 April 2022  via British Newspaper Archive.
2. "MR. NORMAN FORBES". *The Times*. No. 46252. 30 September 1932. p. 7.
3. "Mr. Norman Forbes". *The Times*. No. 46253. 1 October 1932. p. 6.
4. Dolnick, Edward (2008). *The forger's spell : a true story of Vermeer, Nazis, and the greatest art hoax of the twentieth century* (1st ed.). New York: Harper. pp. 129–130. ISBN 978-0-06-082541-6. OCLC 171287620.
5. "Wilde's gift to pal to fetch a fortune". *Irish Independent*. 28 May 2006. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
6. W.T., Pike (1904). *Contemporary Biographies (Kent)*. Brighton, Sussex: W.T. Pike. p. 285.
7. Coles Finch, William (1933). *Watermills and Windmills*. London: C W Daniel Company. pp. 94, 304.

## InfoBox

| Norman Forbes-Robertson | |
| --- | --- |
| Forbes-Robertson, in 1904 | |
| Born | 24 September 1858 |
| Died | 28 September 1932(1932-09-28) (aged 74)<br>Exeter, Devon |
| Occupation | Actor |


title: Reina Maruyama

abstract: Reina H. Maruyama is a Japanese–American experimental particle/atomic/nuclear physicist. As a professor at Yale University, Maruyama was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society for her "innovative and wide-ranging contributions to the experimental study of rare events and fundamental symmetries, especially the search for neutrinoless double beta decay, and for leadership in understanding the signature and nature of dark matter."

text:
# Reina Maruyama

**Reina H. Maruyama** is a Japanese–American experimental particle/atomic/nuclear physicist. As a professor at Yale University, Maruyama was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society for her "innovative and wide-ranging contributions to the experimental study of rare events and fundamental symmetries, especially the search for neutrinoless double beta decay, and for leadership in understanding the signature and nature of dark matter."

## Early life and education

Maruyama was born to parents Yoshiko and Toru Maruyama in Japan. Her family moved to New Canaan, Connecticut when she was 12 years old. She graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Applied Physics from Columbia University in 1995 and her PhD in atomic physics at the University of Washington in 2003. Reina then joined Stuart Freedman's group at the University of California, Berkeley / Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory as a Chancellor's Postdoctoral Fellow.

## Career

Following her PhD and fellowships, Maruyama joined the faculty at the University of Wisconsin–Madison (UW) in 2011. During her tenure at UW, she was involved in the construction and commissioning of the IceCube detector, a gigaton particle detector to observe the by-products of neutrinos that interact with the Antarctic ice. Reina eventually left UW to become an assistant professor of Physics at Yale University in July 2013. Prior to leaving, she was named the Woman Physicist of the Month by the American Physical Society (APS) as someone who has "positively impacted the lives and careers of others." As a professor at Yale, Maruyama was awarded a continuing grant from the National Science Foundation for her research program "Testing DAMA with the COSINE Experiment."

In September 2020, Maruyama was elected a Fellow of the APS for her "innovative and wide-ranging contributions to the experimental study of rare events and fundamental symmetries, especially the search for neutrinoless double beta decay, and for leadership in understanding the signature and nature of dark matter." She was also elected a fellow of the Connecticut Academy of Science in 2021. During the same year, Maruyama was selected to serve on a committee to develop the Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging plan for Yale's Faculty of Arts and Sciences.

## Personal life

Maruyama married astrophysicist Karsten Heeger in 2004.

## InfoBox

| Reina Maruyama | |
| --- | --- |
| Maruyama in 2021 | |
| Born | Japan |
| Spouse | Karsten Heeger (m. 2004) |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Education | BSc, applied physics, 1995, Columbia University
Ph.D., atomic physics, 2003, University of Washington |
| Thesis | *Optical trapping of ytterbium atoms* (2003) |
| Academic work | |
| Institutions | Yale University
University of Wisconsin–Madison |
|  | |
| Website | maruyama-lab.yale.edu |


title: Miss Heritage Zimbabwe

abstract: Miss Heritage Zimbabwe is a national beauty pageant celebrating the culture and heritage of Zimbabwe. The pageant is organized by Kenakor Media. The 2015 Miss Heritage Zimbabwe was Francina Katuruza. The winner of the competition can represent Zimbabwe in the Miss Heritage Global Pageant. The pageant's mission is to promote and enhance Zimbabwe's local culture, heritage and traditions.

text:
# Miss Heritage Zimbabwe

**Miss Heritage Zimbabwe** is a national beauty pageant celebrating the culture and heritage of Zimbabwe. The pageant is organized by Kenakor Media. The 2015 Miss Heritage Zimbabwe was Francina Katuruza.

The winner of the competition can represent Zimbabwe in the Miss Heritage Global Pageant. The pageant's mission is to promote and enhance Zimbabwe's local culture, heritage and traditions.

## History

The pageant was first held in 2012, when Melissa Chaka was crowned as the winner. She represented Zimbabwe in the Miss Heritage Global Pageant, held in Sandton, South Africa.

## Winners

| Year | Name |
| --- | --- |
| 2020 | Eva Mzondiwa |
| 2015 | Francina Katuruza |
| 2014 | Tendai Rukwava |
| 2013 | Thabiso Phiri |
| 2012 | Melissa Chaka |


title: Veniam

abstract:
Veniam was a technology startup focused on building large WiFi mesh networks using moving vehicles like city buses or taxis.
The company is headquartered in Mountain View, California and was founded in 2012. The Company received 4.9 million dollars in 2014 in a funding round from True Ventures, USV and Cane Investments. Veniam's technology is being used in Porto's city buses with about 230,000 users with onboard units (OBUs) installed on over 600 buses, taxis and garbage trucks. They aim to equip many moving things with wireless hotspots creating a mesh that could be used to build sensors to turn the city smarter.Each vehicle is equipped with a NetRider, a multi network unit with Wi-Fi (802.11p), DSRC, GPS and 4G/LTE connectivity. Veniam was acquired by Nexar in 2022.

text:
# Veniam

**Veniam** was a technology startup focused on building large WiFi mesh networks using moving vehicles like city buses or taxis. The company is headquartered in Mountain View, California and was founded in 2012. The Company received 4.9 million dollars in 2014 in a funding round from True Ventures, USV and Cane Investments. Veniam's technology is being used in Porto's city buses with about 230,000 users with onboard units (OBUs) installed on over 600 buses, taxis and garbage trucks. They aim to equip many moving things with wireless hotspots creating a mesh that could be used to build sensors to turn the city smarter.Each vehicle is equipped with a NetRider, a multi network unit with Wi-Fi (802.11p), DSRC, GPS and 4G/LTE connectivity. Veniam was acquired by Nexar in 2022.

## Company

**Veniam** was founded by João Barros, its CEO, Roy Russell, former Zipcar CTO, Susana Sargento, a professor at the University of Aveiro, and Robin Chase, former CEO of Zipcar and Buzzcar.

## Products

Veniam Platform

## Awards

* 2018 named Best Connected Product/Service at TU Automotive
* 2017 ScaleUp Portugal Award Tech Winner
* 2017 Telecom Council Spiffy Winner - San Andreas Award for the Most Disruptive Technology
* 2017 CNBC 50 Disruptors - list of companies whose "innovations are changing the world.”
* Winner of TU Automotive Best Auto Mobility Product/Service 2016
* 2016 Best Auto Mobility Product/Service Winner by TU Automotive
* 2016 CNBC 50 Disruptors - list of companies whose "innovations are revolutionizing the business landscape.”
* Winner of the “Best New Venture” at the WBA 2015 Wi-Fi Industry Awards
* Winner of WBA Scale Up Award 2015 for the outstanding innovation and solutions brought to market
* Winner of the 2015 Red Herring Top 100 Award
* Winner of the NOS Innovation Award 2015
* Winner of the Portuguese Venture Competition “Building Global Innovators” (ISCTE–IUL; MIT Portugal)
* Most Likely to Succeed Idea within the Cable Industry at CableLabs’ Innovation Showcase
* Named 2015 Gartner “Cool Vendor” in Smart Cities
* Named FierceWireless “Fierce 15” Top Wireless Company List of 2015

## Investors

## Institutional Partners

## InfoBox

Veniam
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Connected transportation |
| Founded | 2012 (2012) |
| Founder | João Barros, Robin Chase, Roy Russell and Susana Sargento |
| Headquarters | Mountain View, California, United States |
| Key people |
João Barros, Founder & CEO
Rui Costa, CTO
Jane Hoffer, CBO
 |
| Services | Vehicle based Mesh Networks & Connected Vehicles |


title: Mytilaster minimus

abstract: Mytilaster minimus, the dwarf mussel or variable mussel, is a species of mussel from sea and brackish waters of the Mediterranean Sea.

text:
# Mytilaster minimus

***Mytilaster minimus***, the **dwarf mussel** or **variable mussel**, is a species of mussel from sea and brackish waters of the Mediterranean Sea.

## Description

The shell of *Mytilaster minimus* has a smooth and glossy surface which is marked with faint growth rings. The exterior colour of the shell is reddish brown, the inside is pearly. The shell has an elongated shape, with the apex located at one end and a reduced hinge which has no teeth. The length of the shell measures 10-12mm.

## Distribution and biology

*Mytilaster minimus* is distributed throughout the Mediterranean Sea and is also found off Gran Canaria and Tenerife in the Canary Islands It forms colonies on hard substrates in coastal waters and in brackish water such as coastal lagoons. This species can colonise rather oligotrophic areas but in more eutrophic regions the larger Mediterranean edible mussel *Mytilus galloprovincialis* can be found among and, in places displace *M. minimus*. The whelk *Stramonita haemastoma* is an important predator of *M. minimus* but where the invasive Lesspesian migrant *Brachidontes pharaonis* is found, the whelk prefers to prey on that species over the native bivalves and barnacles.

## Threats

*Mytilaster minimus* is threatened by the invasive *Brachidontes pharaonis* which is displacing it in many areas of theMediterranean. The invasive mussel is better able to tolerate higher temperatures and salinities than *M. minimus*, and in recent years average water temperatures in the Mediterranean have been increasing. *B. pharaonis* interferes with the recruitment of *M. minimus* and has a detrimental effect on its survival and growth. In some area of Israel *M. minimus* is now rarely encountered M. minimus is not tolerant of pollution and this can cause colonies to disappear.

## InfoBox

| *Mytilaster minimus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Museum specimens of shells of *Mytilaster minimus* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Bivalvia |
| Order: | Mytilida |
| Family: | Mytilidae |
| Genus: | *Mytilaster* |
| Species: | ***M. minimus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mytilaster minimus***<br>(Poli, 1795) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Mytilus minimus* Poli, 1795 * *Mytilus lacustris* O. G. Costa, 1839 * *Mytilus cylindraceus* Requien, 1848 * *Mytilus liburnicus* Brusina, 1870 * *Mytilus blondeli* Monterosato, 1872 * *Mytilus minutus* Locard, 1889 | |


title: Nurses Training College, Nkawkaw

abstract: The Nkawkaw Nurses Training College is public tertiary health institution in Nkawkaw in the Eastern Region of Ghana. The college is in the Nkawkaw District. The Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology awards a Diploma in Nursing after students from the institution have successfully completed a three-year nursing training programme. The institution is accredited by the National Accreditation Board. The Nurses and Midwifery Council (NMC) is the regulates the activities, curriculum and examination of the student nurses and midwives. The council's mandate Is enshrined under section 4(1) of N.R.C.D 117.

text:
# Nurses Training College, Nkawkaw

The **Nkawkaw Nurses Training College** is public tertiary health institution in Nkawkaw in the Eastern Region of Ghana. The college is in the Nkawkaw District. The Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology awards a Diploma in Nursing after students from the institution have successfully completed a three-year nursing training programme. The institution is accredited by the National Accreditation Board. The Nurses and Midwifery Council (NMC) is the regulates the activities, curriculum and examination of the student nurses and midwives. The council's mandate Is enshrined under section 4(1) of N.R.C.D 117.


title: Northern leopard frog

abstract: Lithobates pipiens formerly Rana pipiens, commonly known as the northern leopard frog, is a species of leopard frog from the true frog family, native to parts of Canada and the United States. It is the state amphibian of Minnesota and Vermont.

text:
# Northern leopard frog

***Lithobates pipiens*** formerly ***Rana pipiens***, commonly known as the **northern leopard frog**, is a species of leopard frog from the true frog family, native to parts of Canada and the United States. It is the state amphibian of Minnesota and Vermont.

## Description

The northern leopard frog is a fairly large species of frog, reaching about 11 cm (4.3 in) in snout-to-vent length. It varies from green to brown in dorsal color, with large, dark, circular spots on its back, sides, and legs. Each spot is normally bordered by a lighter ring. A pair of dorsolateral folds starting from the back of the eye runs parallel to each other down the back. These dorsolateral folds are often lighter or occasionally pinkish in colour. Also, a pale stripe runs from the nostril, under the eye and tympanum, terminating at the shoulder. The ventral surface is white or pale green. The iris is golden and toes are webbed.

Tadpoles are dark brown or grey, with light blotches on the underside. The tail is pale tan.

## Color variations

The northern leopard frog has several different color variations, with the most common two being the green and the brown morphs, with another morph known as the burnsi morph. Individuals with the burnsi morph coloration lack spots on their backs, but may or may not retain them on their legs. They can be bright green or brown and have yellow dorsal folds. Albinism also appears in this species, but is very rare. They can also be blue, and this is quite rare also.

## Ecology and behavior

Northern leopard frogs have a wide range of habitats. They are found in permanent ponds, swamps, marshes, and slow-moving streams throughout forest, open, and urban areas. They normally inhabit water bodies with abundant aquatic vegetation. In the summer, they often abandon ponds and move to grassy areas and lawns. They are well adapted to cold and can be found above 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above mean sea level. Males make a short, snore-like call from water during spring and summer. The northern leopard frog breeds in the spring (March–June). Up to 6500 eggs are laid in water, and tadpoles complete development within the breeding pond. Tadpoles are light brown with black spots, and development takes 70–110 days, depending on conditions. Metamorph frogs are 2–3 cm (0.79–1.18 in) long and resemble the adult.

This species was once quite common through parts of western Canada and the United States until declines started occurring during the 1970s. Although the definitive cause of this decline is unknown, habitat loss and fragmentation, environmental contaminants, introduced fish, drought, and disease have been proposed as mechanisms of decline and are likely preventing species' recovery in many areas. Many populations of northern leopard frogs have not yet recovered from these declines.

Northern leopard frogs are preyed upon by many different animals, such as snakes, raccoons, other frogs, and even humans. They do not produce distasteful skin secretions and rely on speed to evade predation.

They eat a wide variety of animals, including crickets, flies, worms, and smaller frogs. Using their large mouths, they can even swallow birds and garter snakes. In one case, a bat was recorded as prey of this frog. This species is similar to the pickerel frog (*Lithobates palustris*) and the southern leopard frog (*Lithobates sphenocephalus*).

## Research

### Medical

The northern leopard frog produces specific ribonucleases to its oocytes. Those enzymes are potential drugs for cancer. One such molecule, called ranpirnase (onconase), is in clinical trials as a treatment for pleural mesothelioma and lung tumors. Another, amphinase, has been described as a potential treatment for brain tumors.

### Neuroscience

The northern leopard frog has been a preferred species for making discoveries about basic properties of neurons since the 1950s. The neuromuscular junction of the sciatic nerve fibers of the sartorius muscle of this frog has been the source of initial data about the nervous system.

### Muscle physiology and biomechanics

The northern leopard frog is a popular species for *in vitro* experiments in muscle physiology and biomechanics due to the ease of accessibility for investigators in its native range and the ability of the sartorius muscle to stay alive *in vitro* for several hours. Furthermore, the reliance of the frog on two major modes of locomotion (jumping and swimming) allows for understanding how muscle properties contribute to organismal performance in each of these modes.

## Range

Northern leopard frogs occur from Great Slave Lake and Hudson Bay, Canada, south to Kentucky and New Mexico, USA. It is also found in Panama, where it is endemic to the central cordillera and western Pacific lowlands, although this is most likely an undescribed species. They occupy grasslands, lakeshores, and marshes.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Northern leopard frog | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Ranidae |
| Genus: | *Lithobates* |
| Species: | ***L. pipiens*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lithobates pipiens***
(Schreber, 1782) | |
|
|  | |
| Range of *L. pipiens* | |


title: Look Who's Dropped In

abstract: Look Who's Dropped In was a four-part Australian television variety series which aired on Sydney station ABN-2. The half-hour series presented jazz music, competing in the time-slot against Pick a Box on ATN-7 and U.S. series Racket Squad on TCN-9. It aired fortnightly from 14 December 1957 to 25 January 1958, alternating with Tele-Variety. ABC variety series of the era typically had shorter seasons than those on commercial television. The series featured George Trevare.

text:
# Look Who's Dropped In

***Look Who's Dropped In*** was a four-part Australian television variety series which aired on Sydney station ABN-2. The half-hour series presented jazz music, competing in the time-slot against *Pick a Box* on ATN-7 and U.S. series *Racket Squad* on TCN-9. It aired fortnightly from 14 December 1957 to 25 January 1958, alternating with *Tele-Variety*. ABC variety series of the era typically had shorter seasons than those on commercial television. The series featured George Trevare.

## InfoBox

| *Look Who's Dropped In* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Variety |
| Presented by | George Trevare |
| Country of origin | Australia |
| Original language | English |
| Production | |
| Running time | 30 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | ABN-2 |
| Release | 14 December 1957 (1957-12-14) <br>25 January 1958 (1958-01-25) |


title: York Layerthorpe railway station

abstract: York Layerthorpe railway station was a railway station in Layerthorpe, a suburb of York, North Yorkshire, England.

text:
# York Layerthorpe railway station

**York Layerthorpe railway station** was a railway station in Layerthorpe, a suburb of York, North Yorkshire, England.

## History

York Layerthorpe opened on 21 July 1913, and served as the northern terminus of the Derwent Valley Light Railway, immediately to the east of that line's connection to the existing Foss Islands Branch Line and thence to the North Eastern Railway's York to Scarborough Line.

Traffic through the station was predominantly agricultural freight and local industries along the route of the DVLR, although passenger services did run on the line from 1913 to 1926. After closure to passengers, agricultural trains and excursions were occasionally operated—often these were for bramble picking on Skipwith Common—hence the line was sometimes known as the "Blackberry Line", or as the "Farmer's Line".

A summer-only steam passenger service was operated from 1977 to 1979. The DVLR closed on 27 September 1981. A single siding at the station serving an oil depot remained in use until 1987. The siding was lifted along with the Foss Island branch when traffic from Rowntrees chocolate factory, at the other end of the branch, switched to road transport in 1988. The section of track between York Layerthorpe and Osbaldwick is now a foot and cycle path.

| Preceding station | Historical railways | | | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Terminus* |  | Derwent Valley Light Railway |  | Osbaldwick
Line private, station closed |

## InfoBox

| York Layerthorpe | |
| --- | --- |
| September 1977 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Layerthorpe, City of York
England |
| Coordinates | 53°57′40″N 1°04′07″W / 53.96119°N 1.06870°W / 53.96119; -1.06870 |
| Grid reference | SE612520 |
| Platforms | one |
| Other information | |
| Status | Disused |
| History | |
| Original company | Derwent Valley Light Railway |
| Pre-grouping | Derwent Valley Light Railway |
| Post-grouping | Derwent Valley Light Railway |
| Key dates | |
| 1913 | opened |
| 1926 | closed for passengers |
| 1981 | closed for freight except a private siding |
| 1987 | closed completely |
|  | |
|  | |
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title: York Light Infantry Volunteers

abstract: The York Light Infantry Volunteers, also known as the Barbados Volunteer Emigrants, was a foreign light infantry regiment of the British Army during the Napoleonic Wars. It was formed in September 1803 from the Dutch garrisons of the captured Batavian colonies of Demerara, Essequibo, and Berbice. Additions to the regiment were recruited from the ranks of prisoners of war, and the regiment was also the recipient of the majority of deserters taken in the Peninsular Wars. The regiment served its whole existence in the West Indies, fighting in the British West Indies campaign. It was present at the Battle of Suriname in 1804 and at the invasions of Martinique and Guadeloupe in 1809 and 1810 respectively. It finished the Napoleonic Wars as garrison at Jamaica, before in early 1817 being sent to England, where it was disbanded on 19 March.

text:
# York Light Infantry Volunteers

The **York Light Infantry Volunteers**, also known as the **Barbados Volunteer Emigrants**, was a foreign light infantry regiment of the British Army during the Napoleonic Wars. It was formed in September 1803 from the Dutch garrisons of the captured Batavian colonies of Demerara, Essequibo, and Berbice. Additions to the regiment were recruited from the ranks of prisoners of war, and the regiment was also the recipient of the majority of deserters taken in the Peninsular Wars. The regiment served its whole existence in the West Indies, fighting in the British West Indies campaign. It was present at the Battle of Suriname in 1804 and at the invasions of Martinique and Guadeloupe in 1809 and 1810 respectively. It finished the Napoleonic Wars as garrison at Jamaica, before in early 1817 being sent to England, where it was disbanded on 19 March.

## Formation

The Batavian Republic was formed in 1795 from Holland as a puppet state to the French First Republic. The ousted William V, Prince of Orange, went into exile in England. There he formed the Dutch Emigrant Brigade from troops who had stayed loyal to him, however those Dutch soldiers serving at the time in their colonies of Surinam, Berbice, Essequibo, and Demerara refused to allow their charges to be taken over by William's new British allies. Subsequently, in 1796 Demerara and Essequibo were captured by the British and garrisoned. The Dutch soldiers stationed in these two colonies then defected to the British cause, becoming the Loyal Orange Brigade. Surinam and Berbice were left in Batavian hands.

When the French Revolutionary Wars ended in March 1802 with the Peace of Amiens, Demerara and Essequibo were given back to Batavian control. The local population of the colonies was, however, unhappy with the renewed or continued Batavian rule. The French colonial administrator Victor Hughes had recently visited the Dutch colonies, worrying them that in case of war combat in their lands would see devastation equal to that seen at the invasion of Guadeloupe in 1794. To avoid this the Dutch appealed to Britain for protection.

When the Napoleonic Wars began in May 1803 the Dutch regular soldiers garrisoning Berbice mutinied against the republicans, hoisting the Union Jack. The uprising was eventually put down after heavy fighting. On 16 September a British force under Lieutenant-General William Grinfield arrived at Georgetown and offered terms of surrender to the colonies. Demerara and Essequibo capitulated on 20 September and Berbice followed five days later. Surinam was, as in 1796, left untouched. Having shown their disinterest in serving Batavia and with the likely alternative being starvation, over 1,000 Dutch soldiers, mostly from the Berbice garrison, chose to join the British Army.

## Service

While some of the Dutch volunteers were recruited into the 60th Regiment of Foot, a majority were taken to the British stronghold of Barbados, where they were formed into the Barbados Volunteer Emigrants later in September by Colonel Fitzroy Maclean. This new unit was organised into ten companies with a total strength of 1,804. The name of the regiment was changed to the York Light Infantry Volunteers (YLIV) in January 1804. New officers for the regiment were brought in from other British units already serving in the West Indies. The lieutenant-colonel, Francis Streicher, came from the 60th, while the senior major, Francis Geraghty, was from the 6th West India Regiment. Many of the subalterns were non commissioned officers who had been commissioned from the ranks. While the majority of officers were British, two lieutenants were taken from the original Batavian forces.

The YLIV were officially accepted onto the British establishment on 25 March 1804. In April an expedition including the regiment was brought together to finally capture the remaining Batavian colony, Surinam, which was not expected to surrender easily as its neighbours had. The expedition arrived off Surinam on 25 April, and after the capital New Amsterdam was outflanked in the Battle of Suriname, the Dutch governor surrendered on 3 May. The regiment is not recorded as part of any of the notable events of the expedition. While the majority of the regiment was armed with slightly shortened muskets, around this time one company carried rifles.

In the following year the regiment was sent to garrison Barbados and Dominica. On 22 February a French force invaded Dominica, where the YLIV contingent was stationed at Scotts Head. The gun battery there fought off two French ships of the line but the garrison had provisions for only one week, and so in the evening they retreated to St Rupert's Bay. From there the garrisons of the island were brought together in strength around Fort Cabrit, which the French were unable to capture, choosing instead to sail to Guadeloupe.

The regiment continued in its garrison role for several years, in 1807 being recorded at a strength of 650 men, still in the original ten companies. As the British West Indies campaign continued, 350 men of the unit fought in the 4th Brigade of Major-General Frederick Maitland's 2nd Division at the invasion of Martinique in 1809. The division landed at Sainte-Luce on 30 January, meeting no resistance as they reached Lamentin on 2 February. They then arrived at the heavily defended Fort Desaix a day later, entrenching nearby to cover a possible landing place. On 5 February the division moved on to the capital Fort-de-France, participating in its siege. The French surrendered on 24 February. Later in the year the regiment served onboard Royal Navy warships as part of the blockading fleet operating off Guadeloupe.

In 1810 a detachment of 200 men from the regiment participated in the invasion of Guadeloupe. Part of the 4th Brigade of Major-General Thomas Hislop's 1st Division, they left Dominica on 16 January and arrived at Capesterre-Belle-Eau two days later. They landed on 27 January. The division marched south without issue and reached Trois-Rivières, where the French defenders abandoned their defensive positions. The division stayed there to assist with landing provisions until 2 February, when they occupied the Palmiste heights east of the capital of Basseterre.

The French had positioned themselves in mountains to the north-east of the town. At dawn on 4 February the YLIV and the 1st West India Regiment's light company were sent to take the strategic Bridge of Voziere, over the Noire River, to the right of the French. They were spotted by a picket but stormed the bridge despite this, capturing the position. With other units having also crossed the river, heavily pushing the defenders back on the left, the French surrendered on 6 February. During this time the regiment continued to grow in numbers from its nadir of 1807, and in October 1810 was recorded at 1,290 men in twelve companies.

The regiment subsequently continued to expand, most likely because of heavy recruitment from French prisoners of war and because the majority of deserters from the Peninsular War were sent to it; in 1811 it numbered 1,543 men. In the same year the regiment was put back on garrison duty. Split in half, it was sent to Antigua and Barbados. In December 1814 the regiment was brought back together to serve as a whole in the Jamaica garrison. Lieutenant-Colonel Edward O'Hara assumed command on 15 June 1815, and left the unit on 25 July 1816. Still at Jamaica, the regiment was reduced in size in December, lowering to 1,077 men in ten companies. The regiment continued at Jamaica until early 1817 when it was sent to Britain. The YLIV arrived at Harwich in March and were disbanded on the 19th of that month, by then being commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander Mackenzie.

## Uniform

The York Light Infantry Volunteers wore green uniforms with black facings and white crossbelts, based on that of the 95th Rifles. While green was the traditional colour of rifle regiments, it was not exclusively worn by them. The collar, cuffs, and shoulder straps were black with white lace, with white metal buttons for the other ranks and silver for the officers. The uniform style was similar to that of the Dutch Emigrant Brigade, with the blue-grey trousers of the latter being replaced with green. The regiment also had a morning parade dress uniform, which was white with black collar, shoulder straps, and facings. Sashes worn for rank identification were crimson, but did not have the traditional stripe running through them in the colour of the unit's facings. They wore a black stovepipe shako, likely with a bugle badge, until December 1813 when this was changed to the infantry "Belgic" shako. This later shako has been recorded as being white or brown by different sources. While the regiment was designated as light infantry, it carried drums rather than the more traditional bugle alongside its white accoutrements.

## Colonels of the Regiment

The following officers served as Colonel of the Regiment:
Barbados Volunteer Emigrants

York Light Infantry Volunteers

## Notes and citations

### Notes

### Citations

1. Tylden (1961), p. 140.
2. Fortescue (1910), p. 185.
3. Fortescue (1910), p. 186.
4. Philippart (1820), p. 406.
5. Yaple (1972), p. 27.
6. Tylden (1961), p. 141.
7. Howard (2015), p. 120.
8. Howard (2015), pp. 120–122.
9. Royal Military Chronicle (1811), pp. 205–208.
10. Howard (2015), pp. 124–125.
11. Fortescue (1912), p. 13.
12. Fortescue (1912), p. 15.
13. Howard (2015), p. 127.
14. Fortescue (1912), p. 16.
15. War Office and Other Military Records (1963), p. 468.
16. Philippart (1820), p. 39.
17. Ellis (1885), p. 137.
18. Slack (1884), p. 246.
19. Cannon (1848b), pp. 54–55.
20. Howard (2015), p. 131.
21. Howard (2015), p. 132.
22. Ellis (1885), pp. 137–138.
23. Ellis (1885), p. 138.
24. Howard (2015), p. 133.
25. Bamford (2013), p. 18.
26. Nichols (2001), p. 278.
27. "York Light Infantry". *The National Archives*. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
28. Slack (1884), p. 245.
29. Tylden (1961), p. 142.
30. Chartrand & Chappell (1996), p. 24.
31. Chartrand & Chappell (1996), pp. 24, 33.
32. Chartrand & Chappell (1996), p. 33.
33. Cannon (1848a), p. 28.
34. Ward (1992), p. 222.
35. Philippart (1820), pp. 409–410.
36. Stephens & Sweetman (2008).

## InfoBox

| York Light Infantry Volunteers | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | September 1803 |
| Disbanded | 19 March 1817 |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Branch | British Army |
| Role | Light infantry |
| Size | 10–12 companies<br>650–1,800 men |
| Garrison/HQ | West Indies |
| Colors | Green and black |
| Engagements |  |