title: Americade

abstract: Americade is a week-long motorcycle rally that is held during the first full week of June. The headquarters and location of many rally activities are at Fort William Henry Resort in Lake George Village, New York. The event is open to all motorcyclists and brands of motorcycles, and in the late 1990s attracted around 50,000 people annually, which grew to over 60,000 by 2007. Americade is billed by its organizer as the "World's Largest Motorcycle Touring Rally", and is distinguished from events such as Daytona Bike Week by its emphasis on motorcycle touring and by its organization and peacefulness. The event has drawn praise throughout its history in national motorcycle press as well as national non-motorcycle media, including in the New York Times ''Americade is doing more for the image of motorcyclists than any other event,'' the Associated Press “Americade is about as peaceful as a motorcycle rally can be. And it certainly is no Sturgis” The founder, Bill Dutcher, is the recipient of the 1998 AMA MVP Award for "advancing the cause of motorcycling" and the 2003 AMA Hazle-Kolb Brighter Image Award for "the positive contributions that Americade has made to the motorcycling community," and "is the AMA’s highest honor for activities that generate favorable publicity for motorcycling." Dutcher is an American Motorcyclist Association 2022 Hall of Fame nominee. Attendees participate in demo rides from most major manufacturers, boat cruises, motorcycle judging, group rides called "MiniTours" to various destinations in the Adirondack and Green Mountains of NY and VT. Americade also offers a large motorcycle Expo located near the south end of Lake George, at the Festival Commons on Beach Road.

text:
# Americade

**Americade** is a week-long motorcycle rally that is held during the first full week of June. The headquarters and location of many rally activities are at Fort William Henry Resort in Lake George Village, New York. The event is open to all motorcyclists and brands of motorcycles, and in the late 1990s attracted around 50,000 people annually, which grew to over 60,000 by 2007. Americade is billed by its organizer as the "World's Largest Motorcycle Touring Rally", and is distinguished from events such as Daytona Bike Week by its emphasis on motorcycle touring and by its organization and peacefulness.

The event has drawn praise throughout its history in national motorcycle press as well as national non-motorcycle media, including in the New York Times ''Americade is doing more for the image of motorcyclists than any other event,'' the Associated Press “Americade is about as peaceful as a motorcycle rally can be. And it certainly is no Sturgis”

The founder, Bill Dutcher, is the recipient of the 1998 AMA MVP Award for "advancing the cause of motorcycling" and the 2003 AMA Hazle-Kolb Brighter Image Award for "the positive contributions that Americade has made to the motorcycling community," and "is the AMA’s highest honor for activities that generate favorable publicity for motorcycling." Dutcher is an American Motorcyclist Association 2022 Hall of Fame nominee.

Attendees participate in demo rides from most major manufacturers, boat cruises, motorcycle judging, group rides called "MiniTours" to various destinations in the Adirondack and Green Mountains of NY and VT.

Americade also offers a large motorcycle Expo located near the south end of Lake George, at the Festival Commons on Beach Road.

## History

May 1983 was the first "cade" in the east coast. Veteran motorcyclist Bill Dutcher, and a small staff, hosted "Aspencade East" in Lake George, NY. The event's headquarters were at Roaring Brook Ranch, from which most of the demo rides departed.

The TourExpo tradeshow was held at the Glens Falls Civic Center, approximately 10 miles (16 km) to the south. This first event drew over 2,000.

There was no Americade in 2020.

### Original name

Since 1971, there had been an Aspencade touring motorcycle rally in Ruidoso, New Mexico. The name came from an annual civic festival, which celebrated the changing colors of the aspen (birch) trees. Dutcher arranged with Aspencade organizer Til Thompson to use the Aspencade name for the eastern touring rally, which started out as Aspencade East.

In 1986, "Aspencade East" became "Americade," because the new name better signified the multibrand national-sized rally it had become. By 1986, total attendance at this event was nearly 10,000. The name Americade was suggested by the organizer's wife, Gini Dutcher.

### Growth

By 1986, the TourExpo tradeshow had been relocated to Lake George village, to keep it closer to the motels and riding activities. Initially located halfway down Beach Road in a large gravel parking lot, in 1994 TourExpo was relocated to the Million Dollar Beach Parking Lot, owned by the State of New York.

For many years, Americade has been named one of the American Motorcyclist Association's three national rallies (along with the Lone Star Rally in Texas and the Golden Aspen Rally in New Mexico).

## Staff and volunteers

Along with 5 full-time, year round employees, nearly 200 volunteers help staff the event during Americade Week. The volunteer staff assists with numerous hospitality, escort, and administration duties.

## Controversy

Between 2008 and 2014, New York State Police set up several "safety check points" on the major roads leading into the event, directing motorcycle traffic to police inspection points. All told there were approximately 200 citations issued, principally for documentation (registration, inspection), insurance, helmets and loud, custom exhaust systems.

New York ceased doing this in 2015.

Prior to the Americade event in 2010, the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation informed the organizers of Americade it would increase the rent it charged for the Million Dollar Beach parking lot from $52,000 to $90,312. This prompted the event organizers to examine other locations, including MA and VT. Community leaders in the Lake George area have expressed how important this event is to their economic survival.

## InfoBox

| Americade | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Motorcycle rally |
| Dates | First week in June |
| Location(s) | Lake George village, New York, United States |
| Founded | May 1983 (1983-05) |
| Founder | Bill Dutcher |
| Most recent | June 7th-11th; 2022 |
| Next event | May 30th-June 4th; 2023 |
| Attendance | 60,000+ (2007) |
| Website | americade.com |


title: Micrasteridae

abstract: Micrasteridae is a family of echinoderms belonging to the order Spatangoida.

text:
# Micrasteridae

**Micrasteridae** is a family of echinoderms belonging to the order Spatangoida.

## Genera

Genera:

## InfoBox

| Micrasteridae | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Echinodermata |
| Class: | Echinoidea |
| Order: | Spatangoida |
| Suborder: | Micrasterina |
| Family: | Micrasteridae<br>Lambert, 1920 |
|


title: Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills

abstract: Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills is a formerly operating mill complex located in the Cabbagetown neighborhood of Atlanta, Georgia. Construction of the complex began in 1881 on the south side of the Georgia Railroad line, east of Downtown Atlanta, on the site of the Atlanta Rolling Mill. The site now includes separate phases of multi-family dwellings including for-rent apartments and for-sale condominiums.

text:
# Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills

**Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills** is a formerly operating mill complex located in the Cabbagetown neighborhood of Atlanta, Georgia. Construction of the complex began in 1881 on the south side of the Georgia Railroad line, east of Downtown Atlanta, on the site of the Atlanta Rolling Mill. The site now includes separate phases of multi-family dwellings including for-rent apartments (called The Fulton Cotton Mill Lofts) and for-sale condominiums (The Stacks).

## Early history

The beginnings of the Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills can be traced to Atlanta in 1868, when Jacob Elsas, an immigrant of German Jewish descent who had recently arrived in Atlanta from Cincinnati, began work in the city in the rag, paper, and hide business. Elsas soon recognized the need of his and other area businesses for cloth and paper containers to house their goods. Within two or three years Elsas had switched to the new business of manufacturing cloth and paper bags and had joined forces with fellow German Jewish immigrant Isaac May. In January 1872, the new company became known as Elsas, May and Company. Located in the former Atlanta slave market house, the company expanded during the 1870s; by the end of the decade, the firm consisted of a bleachery, print shop, and bag mill, and it employed between 100 and 160 workers, including women and children.

### Construction on the current site

After receiving financial backing from Cincinnati banker Lewis Seasongood, the company began construction of a new complex of buildings on the south side of the Georgia Railroad line, east of downtown. By 1881 the company had become known as the **Fulton Cotton Spinning Company**, adding a bag factory to the new site in 1882. By the end of the 1880s the partnership between Jacob Elsas and Isaac May had discontinued. One part of the company evolved into the Elsas, May Paper Company and the other, led by Jacob Elsas and incorporated in 1889, became the Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill Company.

Within a few years it had outgrown the capacity of the existing buildings, resulting in the construction of a second mill on the Atlanta site in 1895, with more than 40,000 spindles. A third mill added 50,000 additional spindles by 1907. In addition, a neighboring village with housing for the mill workers was well established by the turn of the twentieth century. Bag plants in New Orleans and St. Louis were bought during the 1890s, and mills in New York and Dallas began operation in the early years of the twentieth century. Additional plants in Minneapolis and Kansas City were established during and after World War I, and a plant in Denver was added in 1945, at the end of World War II. Expansion of the Atlanta plant also continued throughout the first half of the twentieth century: offices, two picker buildings, and several warehouses were constructed during these years, and the Jacob Elsas Clinic and Nursery was established in the early 1940s.

### Labor strikes

Despite the early prosperity of the Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills, the company was troubled by periods of labor unrest. A wage dispute resulted in a two-day strike in November 1885. A second brief strike occurred in August 1897, when white workers protested the hiring of 25 black women. The 1897 strike was settled after five days.

A lengthier strike began in 1914, triggered by management's disapproval of the growing efforts among the workers to join the United Textile Workers. Besides the issue of unionization, the strikers demanded an increase in wages, a 54-hour work week, and a decrease in the use of child labor. The strike gained national attention when the newly formed U.S. Commission on Industrial Relations sent representatives to Atlanta to gather testimonies in March 1915. The strike ultimately failed in May 1915.

## The Elsas family

Many of Jacob Elsas' large family assumed management roles in Atlanta as well as in the other locations of the company. After his retirement at age 70, Jacob turned over the Presidency of the firm to his son Oscar in 1914. Sons Victor, Louis, and David worked in New Orleans, New York, and Dallas, respectively. Another son, Benjamin, succeeded Oscar as company president in 1924. In 1942 a grandson, Norman Elsas, assumed the presidency of the firm, followed by a second grandson, William Elsas, who served briefly as president in 1950. Following William's sudden death, Clarence Elsas, also a grandson, took over the presidency in 1951. Clarence Elsas served as president until 1956, and again held the position from 1960 to 1968.

Jacob Elsas played an instrumental role in the founding of the Georgia Institute of Technology. He became one of the early customers of the Georgia Tech shops, and he enrolled his son Oscar at the school for two years. Other family members, including Jacob's grandson William, also attended Tech. Elsas' activities also extended to philanthropy, particularly in the support of the Grand Opera House in Macon, the Hebrew Orphan's Home, and Grady Hospital in Atlanta. The elder Elsas died in 1931.

## Changes after World War II

Changes in packaging after World War II sparked changes within the company. Products such as multiwall paper bags, canvas goods, osnaburgs, and barrier materials replaced some of the old products, to respond to the new market opportunities presented in the postwar era. In 1956, Eastern U.S. and Midwestern U.S. investors bought controlling interest in the company, the nine bag manufacturing companies were sold, and in 1960 the parent company became **Fulton Industries Inc**. The Atlanta mill, which remained known as Fulton Cotton Mill, continued in operation under the management of Elsas family members until 1968. In that year Fulton Industries Inc. was sold to Allied Products Corp. Fulton Cotton Mill's last president, Meno Schoenbach, served in that position from 1971 until 1978, the year the Atlanta mill finally closed its doors.

## Current site

In 1997, Aderhold Properties began the renovation and redevelopment of the historic Fulton Cotton Mill in Atlanta into a community of 505 loft apartments named "The Fulton Cotton Mill Lofts."

In 1999, during the loft-conversion construction, a major fire broke out in one of the buildings under renovation. The shell survived but the entire interior had to be rebuilt. The Cabbagetown loft fire, as it came to be known, is still well-remembered because of the operator who was trapped at the top crane, unable to escape. Shown on live TV, an Atlanta Fire Department firefighter dangled by a cable from a helicopter in order to rescue him.

As the condominium craze swept through Atlanta in the early-2000s, Aderhold Properties seized the opportunity to renovate and convert three of the rental buildings into for-sale units naming the condos "The Stacks". This name, so given because of the mill's old still-standing smokestacks, was used as a marketing tool to distinguish the for-sale units from the rental units.

On Friday, March 14, 2008, around 9:45 pm, a number of buildings on the premises were damaged by an EF2 tornado. The roof was ripped off the "E" building, and debris and suction created by the wind caused the top floor to collapse, pancaking several floors below in a domino effect. As this building was part of the second phase of condo sales and had just recently begun selling units, only 15 residences had been sold, and few owners were in the building (fortunately all escaped unharmed). Several buildings in the community sustained damage and the decorative wall in the pool area was destroyed.

The Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill in Atlanta appears as a setting in the movie *Driving Miss Daisy*.

It also used as the principal setting for the 1992 film *Trespass*, which made heavy use of the then-derelict buildings and their interiors. The deteriorated condition of the property was evidenced by broken support beams, collapsed floors, damaged walls, and extensive water damage.

The redeveloped mill is often featured as the home of the "Fab 5" in the 2018 Netflix reboot of *Queer Eye*.

The lofts were also prominently featured in the 2019 film *What Men Want*.

It was also featured in the reality television series, *Love & Hip Hop Atlanta*.

Most recently, one of the units in the "E Building" was renovated for season three of the HGTV television show *Windy City Rehab*.

## Sources

## Further reading

* McMath, Robert C., Jr. *History by a graveyard: the Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills Records.* Labor's Heritage, Vol. 1, No. 2. April 1989. p. 4-9.
* Fink, Gary M. *Labor Espionage: The Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills Strike of 1914–1915.* Labor's Heritage, Vol. 1, No. 2. April 1989. p. 10-35.

33°45′04″N 84°22′08″W / 33.751°N 84.369°W / 33.751; -84.369

## InfoBox

| Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills | |
| --- | --- |
| Plant of Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills, c. 1910–1930 | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Cabbagetown, Atlanta, Georgia |
| Completed | 1881 |


title: Hemadius

abstract: Hemadius is a monotypic genus of longhorn beetles, containing the species Hemadius oenochrous in the tribe Cerambycini and previously placed in the genus Neocerambyx. It is native to Asia, where it occurs in China, Vietnam, Laos, and Taiwan. It is known commonly as the cherry tree longhorned beetle and Wushe blood-spotted longhorned beetle. This beetle is about 4.5 to 6.5 centimeters long with a narrow body. It is black with a red sheen. The male has antennae longer than its body length; the female has shorter antennae. This beetle lives in forests, where it specializes on cherry and peach trees.

text:
# Hemadius

***Hemadius***  is a monotypic genus of longhorn beetles, containing the species ***Hemadius oenochrous*** in the tribe Cerambycini and previously placed in the genus *Neocerambyx*. It is native to Asia, where it occurs in China, Vietnam, Laos, and Taiwan. It is known commonly as the **cherry tree longhorned beetle** and **Wushe blood-spotted longhorned beetle**.

This beetle is about 4.5 to 6.5 centimeters long with a narrow body. It is black with a red sheen. The male has antennae longer than its body length; the female has shorter antennae.

This beetle lives in forests, where it specializes on cherry and peach trees (*Prunus* spp.).

## InfoBox

| *Hemadius* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Subfamily: | Cerambycinae |
| Tribe: | Cerambycini |
| Genus: | *Hemadius*
Fairmaire, 1889 |
| Species: | ***H. oenochrous*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hemadius oenochrous***
Fairmaire, 1889 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Neocerambyx oenochrousHemadius oenochrous* Fairmaire, 1889 * *Aeolesthes oenochrous* (Fairmaire, 1889) * *Hemadius oenochroa* (Fairmaire, 1889) (misspelling) | |


title: Yoga Prakash Malla

abstract: Yoga Prakash Malla, also spelled Yogprakash, was a Malla dynasty king and the King of Patan. He succeeded Mahindrasimha Malla and reigned from 1722 until his death in 1729.

text:
# Yoga Prakash Malla

**Yoga Prakash Malla**, also spelled **Yogprakash,** (Nepali: योगप्रकाश मल्ल) was a Malla dynasty king and the King of Patan. He succeeded Mahindrasimha Malla and reigned from 1722 until his death in 1729.

## Life

His ancestry is still a topic of debates among scholars. Many agree that he was a prince of Bhadgaon and was exiled because he was born under the wrong astrological sign. It could also be that Yogamati had installed Yoga Prakash as the king as she was still influential at that time. He was also a religious monarch like his predecessors and donated several items to temples and guthis.

He died in 1729 and was succeeded by Vishnu Malla, a descendant of Srinivasa Malla.

1. Shaha, Rishikesh. *Ancient and Medieval Nepal* (PDF). Kathmandu, Nepal: University of Cambridge. pp. 76–77.
2. Burleigh, Peter (16 February 2022). "A Chronology of Later Kings of Patan" (PDF). *University of Cambridge*: 61–62.
3. Regmi, Mahesh C. "Regmi Research Series". *German Oriental Society*. **5**: 202–203.

## InfoBox

| Yoga Prakash Malla | |
| --- | --- |
| King of Patan | |
| Reign | 1722–1729 |
| Predecessor | Mahindrasimha Malla |
| Successor | Vishnu Malla |
|  | |
| Born | Nepal |
| Died | 1729 |
| Dynasty | Malla |


title: Naphtali Friedman

abstract: Naphtali Friedman was a Jewish Lithuanian lawyer and politician. Elected as a Russian Constitutional Democratic Party deputy representing Kovno Governorate to the Third and Fourth State Duma of the Russian Empire. In 1914 he made a speech in which he claimed that the Jews would fight until the victory of the Russian Empire was achieved. He was also elected on April 19, 1920 to the Constituent Assembly of Lithuania on a common Jewish ticket and died in 1921.

text:
# Naphtali Friedman

**Naphtali Friedman** (sometimes also spelled **Naftali**; 15 May 1863, Juodžiai, Kovno Governorate \- 5 May 1921) was a Jewish Lithuanian lawyer and politician.

Elected as a Russian Constitutional Democratic Party deputy representing Kovno Governorate to the Third (1907-1912, out of 2 Jewish deputies) and Fourth (1912-1917, out of 3 Jewish deputies) State Duma of the Russian Empire. In 1914 he made a speech in which he claimed that the Jews would fight until the victory of the Russian Empire was achieved. He was also elected on April 19, 1920 to the Constituent Assembly of Lithuania on a common Jewish ticket and died in 1921.


title: Health of Pope John Paul II

abstract: Pope John Paul II entered the papacy in 1978 as an avid sportsman, enjoying hiking and swimming. The 58-year-old was extremely healthy and active for his age, jogging in the Vatican gardens to the horror of Vatican staff, who informed him that his jogging could be seen by tourists climbing to the summit of the dome of St. Peter's Basilica. The pope's response, according to media reports, was "so what?" When the cost of installing a swimming pool in his summer residence was queried by cardinals, John Paul joked that it was "cheaper than another conclave". John Paul's obvious physical fitness and looks earned much comment in the media following his election, which compared his health and trim figure to the poor health of John Paul I and Paul VI, the portliness of Pope John XXIII and the constant claims of ailments of Pius XII. The only modern pope with a keep-fit regime had been Pope Pius XI who was an avid mountain climber. An Irish Independent article in the 1980s labelled John Paul "the keep-fit pope". However, after over twenty-five years on the papal throne, two assassination attempts, and a number of cancer scares, John Paul's physical health declined.

text:
# Health of Pope John Paul II

Pope John Paul II entered the papacy in 1978 as an avid sportsman, enjoying hiking and swimming. The 58-year-old was extremely healthy and active for his age, jogging in the Vatican gardens to the horror of Vatican staff, who informed him that his jogging could be seen by tourists climbing to the summit of the dome of St. Peter's Basilica. The pope's response, according to media reports, was "so what?" When the cost of installing a swimming pool in his summer residence was queried by cardinals, John Paul joked that it was "cheaper than another conclave".

John Paul's obvious physical fitness and looks earned much comment in the media following his election, which compared his health and trim figure to the poor health of John Paul I and Paul VI, the portliness of Pope John XXIII and the constant claims of ailments of Pius XII. The only modern pope with a keep-fit regime had been Pope Pius XI (r: 1922–1939) who was an avid mountain climber. An *Irish Independent* article in the 1980s labelled John Paul "the keep-fit pope".

However, after over twenty-five years on the papal throne, two assassination attempts (one of which resulted in severe physical injury to the Pope), and a number of cancer scares, John Paul's physical health declined.

## 1981 assassination attempt

The 1981 assassination attempt was costlier to his overall health than was generally known by the public at the time. Rushed to the Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic to undergo emergency surgery, he experienced profound bleeding leading to a dangerous fall in blood pressure and to cardiac arrest, which was however successfully defibrillated. He received the Anointing of the Sick (formerly known as "Last Rites"). Despite difficulties with extensive blood transfusions, which are speculated to have transmitted cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, surgery was eventually successful. The bullet had passed completely through the body, puncturing the intestines and necessitating a colostomy. Seven weeks later, discussions were held about reversing the colostomy and eight of nine doctors voted against it, arguing the Pope was still too weak from the CMV infection. Saying "I don't want to continue half dead and half alive", the Pope effectively overruled his physicians and the reversal was done successfully on August 5, 1981.

## Later years

Despite the shooting and the complications during recovery, John Paul remained in good physical condition throughout the 1980s, and remained active as well. During the 1990s John Paul's health began to decline. A benign intestinal tumor was removed in 1992; he experienced two falls in 1993 and 1994 which dislocated his shoulder and broke his femur respectively; and he underwent an appendectomy in 1996. In December 1995, he had to suspend his *urbi et orbi* blessing on Christmas Day after a dizzy spell.

An orthopaedic surgeon confirmed in 2001 that Pope John Paul II was suffering from Parkinson's disease, as international observers had suspected for some time; this was acknowledged publicly by the Vatican in 2003. Despite difficulty speaking more than a few sentences at a time, trouble hearing and severe osteoarthrosis, he continued to tour the world, although rarely walking in public. Some of those who met him late in his life said that although physically he was in poor shape, mentally he remained fully alert.

However, that claim was disputed by among others Rowan Williams, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and Mary McAleese, the President of Ireland, in their accounts of meetings with him in 2003. The Pope still showed no recognition. Papal critic John Cornwell claimed that, after Williams and his entourage left, the Pope turned to an aide and asked "tell me, who were those people?"

According to Cornwell, Mary McAleese told the British Catholic newspaper *The Universe* of a visit as President of Ireland to John Paul where he struggled to talk about the Irish College in Rome, where Irish seminarians in the city are trained and to which the Pope prior to his election had often travelled. "He wanted to be reminded of where the Irish College was, and when he heard that it was very close to St. John Lateran's basilica he wanted to be reminded where that was too."

## Final days

On 1 February 2005, the Pope was taken to the Gemelli Hospital suffering from acute inflammation and spasm of the larynx, brought on by a bout of influenza. He was released, but in late February 2005 he began having trouble breathing, and he was rushed back. A tracheotomy was performed, allowing him to breathe more easily, but limiting his speaking ability, to which he reacted with evident frustration during a failed attempt at public speaking from the window of the hospital ward.

On Palm Sunday (20 March 2005) the Pope made a brief appearance at his window and silently waved an olive branch to pilgrims. Two days later there were renewed concerns for his health after reports stated that he had taken a turn for the worse and was not responding to medication. By the end of the month, speculation was growing. The Vatican officials confirmed that he was nearing death when on March 31, 2005, at around 11:00 am, the pope, who had gone to the chapel to celebrate Mass, was beset by strong shivers which was followed by high fever because of a urinary tract infection. Despite the use of antibiotics, the disease progressed and he developed sepsis and multiple organ failure. He was not rushed to the hospital again, however, and equipment for medical monitoring was brought to his residence in the Vatican, where he was followed by a team of top physicians. On 2 April 2005 at 9:37 pm, he died in his apartment at 84 years and 319 days of age, 46 days before his 85th birthday. The pope is reported to have died looking towards the window as he prayed, raising his right hand as if he is aware of the crowds present in St. Peter's Square where he made an effort to say "Amen" and his life ended. The illumination of a third light in the papal apartment makes some onlookers in the square knew that the end had come. His death was confirmed when an electrocardiogram signal remained flat for more than 20 minutes.

The Pope was the third-longest serving Pope ever in history, after the first Pope Peter and Pope Pius IX. He died after 26 years and 162 days of papacy. He was buried in the presence of millions on 8 April 2005.


title: Nash Haul Thrift

abstract: The Nash Haul Thrift was a series of trucks produced by Nash Motors from 1947 until 1954, mainly for export markets. Nash dealers in the United States had the option of ordering these trucks for dealership use as tow trucks.

text:
# Nash Haul Thrift

The **Nash Haul Thrift** (sometimes "Haulthrift") was a series of trucks produced by Nash Motors from 1947 until 1954, mainly for export markets.

Nash dealers in the United States had the option of ordering these trucks for dealership use as tow trucks.

## Design

The first Nash trucks were the continuation of the Jeffery Quad, an all-wheel drive, all-wheel steered vehicle for military and civilian use. The Nash Quads were produced until 1928. After that, Nash focused on building high-quality passenger cars.

The automaker developed a line of commercial vehicles in 1947 for export markets and offered them to its domestic dealerships for strictly dealer-only use because no retail sales were allowed. These units had tow bodies supplied by Ashton Power Wrecker Equipment of Detroit, Michigan.

Most Nash trucks were shipped overseas or in completely knocked down (CKD) kit form. Local Nash affiliates assembled the vehicles, thus saving on import duties. Examples include kits shipped to Canada that were assembled by Nash Motors of Canada as well as assembly of kits at the Nash assembly plant in Mexico. Other markets included countries in South America and Europe, as well as reports around of 50 exported to Tasmania.

Customers could order the Haul Thrift trucks with or without a 3/16-inch all-steel cab. They could adapt the truck's heavy-duty frame and chassis to a variety of uses including equipment for tow truck duty with a power crane, while other body options were a 12-foot (4 m) stake platform with the 157-inch chassis, a dump body with the 133-inch chassis, and straight frame or wheelhouse-type 12 ft (4 m) enclosed cargo van bodies.

Two Haul Trift models were available:

* **Nash 3148**: 133-inch-wheelbase chassis weight = 4,335 lb (1,966 kg), with cab = 4,820 lb (2,186 kg), Maximum Gross Vehicle Weight Rating = 14,500 lb (6,577 kg)

Nash 3148-A: with two-speed rear end, Maximum Gross Vehicle Weight Rating =16,000 lb (7,257 kg) * **Nash 3248**: 157-inch-wheelbase chassis weight = 3,312 lb (1,502 kg), with cab = 4,887 lb (2,217 kg), Maximum Gross Vehicle Weight Rating = 14,500 lb (6,577 kg)

Nash 3248-A: with two-speed rear end, Maximum Gross Vehicle Weight Rating = 16,000 lb (7,257 kg)

Nash's trucks looked more luxurious than other trucks of the era and are reminiscent of the 1946 through 1948 Nash 600 passenger cars from which much of the cab's bodywork originated. The fenders were the same as the passenger car, albeit with larger openings made by a second panel stamping. The truck's grille design was more basic and did not have a lower portion that continued on the front fenders. The hood-mounted badge was also simpler than on the Nash passenger cars, and the parking lights were round rather than rectangular. The interior was also more upscale than the typical trucks of the era because it featured gauges and controls from the luxurious Nash Ambassador with its distinctive full width engine-turned dash panel, and the trucks had "fancy" brown vinyl upholstery with a tan headliner.

The truck's engine came from the Nash Ambassador, although in a lower state of tune, producing 104 horsepower (78 kW) at 3400 rpm and 200 pound force-feet (270 N⋅m) of torque at 1500 rpm. This was an advanced overhead-valve design with the intake manifold integrally cast in the cylinder head with individual ports to each combustion chamber. The Haul Thrift engines featured seven main bearing crankshaft and could operate on lower-grade gasoline due to its 7.25:1 compression ratio. The clutch was an 11-inch (279 mm) Borg & Beck unit with a four-speed manual transmission with a power take-off on the right side. An optional Timken double-reduction hypoid vacuum-shift rear axle provided a total of eight forward gears. A push-pull knob on the shift lever controlled a vacuum switch for a diaphragm to move the pinion between the rear axle's two ring gears. No declutching was needed to go between the two-speed axle gears. Changing from low to high was by pulling on the knob while lifting the accelerator pedal, pausing slightly, and then pushing down on the accelerator. Shifting from high to low gearing was accomplished by pushing the knob down and quickly lifting and then pressing down on the accelerator pedal. Parking the truck with the two-speed axle should be with the rear axle in low gear.

Nash produced little over 5,000 Nash Haul Thrift trucks from 1947 through 1954. One source lists 16 were made in 1955. Approximately 300 were delivered to Nash dealers in the United States, while a few were retained by the automaker for use as service vehicles, parts runners, and tractor-trailer units at Nash factories.

## Nash truck prototypes

The Haul Thrift line was the only trucks that Nash produced and marketed after World War II. The company developed a prototype pickup truck in 1942, but meeting the demand for automobiles was a higher priority. Between 1946 and 1949, several prototypes or styling exercises of light-duty pickup trucks were built, but Nash's unibody design made it difficult for such designs to reach production.

## Survivors

After Nash merged with Hudson to form American Motors Corporation in 1954, documentation about the trucks was lost. The Nash Car Club has about 30 of these Nash trucks registered among its members as of 2010. Some of these original Nash dealer tow trucks were converted to flatbed stake bodies.

* "1948 Model 3148 Tow Truck". *Collectible Automobile*. Vol. 5, no. 3. October 1988.

* "1949 Haul Thrift 3148 Stake Truck". *Collectible Automobile*. Vol. 36, no. 6. April 2020.

## InfoBox

| Nash Haul Thrift | |
| --- | --- |
| 1948 Nash dealership tow truck | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Nash Motors |
| Also called | Nash 3148/3248 |
| Production | 1947–1954 |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Light truck |
| Layout | FR layout |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 234.8 cu in (3.8 L) I6 |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | * 3148: 133 in (3,378 mm) * 3248: 157 in (3,988 mm) |


title: Portrait of Kristóf Hegedűs

abstract: The Portrait of Kristóf Hegedűs is an 1844 painting by Hungarian painter József Borsos. It was one of his earliest works. The oil on canvas measures 126.5 x 82 cm and is currently on display at the Historical Picture Gallery section of the Hungarian National Museum, Budapest

text:
# Portrait of Kristóf Hegedűs

The ***Portrait of Kristóf Hegedűs*** is an 1844 painting by Hungarian painter József Borsos. It was one of his earliest works.

The oil on canvas measures 126.5 x 82 cm and is currently on display at the Historical Picture Gallery section of the Hungarian National Museum, Budapest

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Portrait of Kristóf Hegedűs | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Artist | József Borsos |
| Year | 1844 (1844) |
| Dimensions | 126.5 cm × 82 cm (49.8 in × 32 in) |
| Location | Hungarian National Museum, Budapest |


title: José Antonio Andrade

abstract: José Antonio Andrade was a Peninsular Spanish colonel who notably commanded royalist forces during the Mexican War of Independence. Amongst his more famous battles, he commanded troops in the Siege of Cuautla and the Capture of Orizaba, neither of which resulted in victory for the Spanish Crown.

text:
# José Antonio Andrade

**José Antonio Andrade** was a Peninsular Spanish colonel who notably commanded royalist forces during the Mexican War of Independence. Amongst his more famous battles, he commanded troops in the Siege of Cuautla and the Capture of Orizaba, neither of which resulted in victory for the Spanish Crown.

## Bibliography

* Marley, David (2008). *Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the Western Hemisphere, 1492 to the Present*. Vol. 1 (2, illustrated, revised ed.). ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-100-8. Retrieved 2012-08-17.


title: Micrathena funebris

abstract: Micrathena funebris is a species of orb weaver in the spider family Araneidae. It is found in a range from the United States to Costa Rica.

text:
# Micrathena funebris

***Micrathena funebris*** is a species of orb weaver in the spider family Araneidae. It is found in a range from the United States to Costa Rica.

## InfoBox

| *Micrathena funebris* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Araneidae |
| Genus: | *Micrathena* |
| Species: | ***M. funebris*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Micrathena funebris***<br>(Marx, 1898) | |
|


title: Nolina microcarpa

abstract: Nolina microcarpa is a species of flowering plant in the asparagus family known by the common names sacahuista and palmilla. Like other species of Nolina, it may be called beargrass. It is native to northern Mexico and the southwestern United States in Arizona and New Mexico. It does occur in the southwestern corner of Utah, where it has a limited distribution on Navajo Sandstone, but reports of it occurring in Texas may be in error. Sacahuista is variable in appearance. In general it is a large plant that grows in clumps up to two meters wide. It produces a rosette of many narrow leaves each up to 130 centimetres long but only 1.2 centimetres wide. The grasslike leaf blades are thick, rough, and serrated. There is no aboveground stem; the leaves grow from a woody underground caudex. When the plant flowers it produces a scape up to 1.5 to 1.8 m tall. The inflorescence is a panicle of flowers with tiny white tepals. The species is dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants; occasionally there are flowers with both male and female parts functional. The fruit is a papery, three-sided capsule about half a centimeter long and wide. This plant grows in dry habitat types, such as desert grasslands, pinyon-juniper woodlands, and chaparral. It is a dominant plant species in a number of ecosystems. It may grow alongside oaks, pines, and manzanitas. The region experiences a bimodal pattern of precipitation, with rainy seasons occurring in November through April and again during the summer. Wildfire is not uncommon. The plant resprouts from its caudex after its aboveground parts burn. Sacahuista herbage is flammable, increasing the local intensity of fires when it ignites. Sacahuista provides food for animals such as white-tailed deer. However, it is poisonous to sheep and goats, and less so to cattle. Sheep fed parts of the plant have been noted to experience impaction of the rumen and liver toxicity. In an experimental setting the plant also appears to be toxic to rats and chukar partridges, resulting in symptoms such as loss of coordination and diarrhea when the seeds were ingested. Humans can eat the plant. Native American groups have eaten the fruit, used the stalks as a vegetable, and ground the seeds into flour for bread. The plant has also been used for thatching, mats, basketry, brushes, rope, and cooking tools. Today it is used for landscaping in appropriate climates.

text:
# Nolina microcarpa

***Nolina microcarpa*** is a species of flowering plant in the asparagus family known by the common names **sacahuista** and **palmilla**. Like other species of *Nolina*, it may be called **beargrass**. It is native to northern Mexico and the southwestern United States in Arizona and New Mexico. It does occur in the southwestern corner of Utah, where it has a limited distribution on Navajo Sandstone, but reports of it occurring in Texas may be in error.

Sacahuista is variable in appearance. In general it is a large plant that grows in clumps up to two meters wide. It produces a rosette of many narrow leaves each up to 130 centimetres (4.3 feet) long but only 1.2 centimetres (0.47 inches) wide. The grasslike leaf blades are thick, rough, and serrated. There is no aboveground stem; the leaves grow from a woody underground caudex. When the plant flowers it produces a scape up to 1.5 to 1.8 m (4.9 to 5.9 ft) tall. The inflorescence is a panicle of flowers with tiny white tepals. The species is dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants; occasionally there are flowers with both male and female parts functional. The fruit is a papery, three-sided capsule about half a centimeter long and wide.

This plant grows in dry habitat types, such as desert grasslands, pinyon-juniper woodlands, and chaparral. It is a dominant plant species in a number of ecosystems. It may grow alongside oaks, pines, and manzanitas. The region experiences a bimodal pattern of precipitation, with rainy seasons occurring in November through April and again during the summer. Wildfire is not uncommon. The plant resprouts from its caudex after its aboveground parts burn. Sacahuista herbage is flammable, increasing the local intensity of fires when it ignites.

Sacahuista provides food for animals such as white-tailed deer. However, it is poisonous to sheep and goats, and less so to cattle. Sheep fed parts of the plant have been noted to experience impaction of the rumen and liver toxicity. In an experimental setting the plant also appears to be toxic to rats and chukar partridges, resulting in symptoms such as loss of coordination and diarrhea when the seeds were ingested. Humans can eat the plant. Native American groups have eaten the fruit, used the stalks as a vegetable, and ground the seeds into flour for bread. The plant has also been used for thatching, mats, basketry, brushes, rope, and cooking tools. Today it is used for landscaping in appropriate climates.

## InfoBox

| *Nolina microcarpa* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Apparently Secure  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Asparagaceae |
| Subfamily: | Nolinoideae |
| Genus: | *Nolina* |
| Species: | ***N. microcarpa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Nolina microcarpa***
S.Watson | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Nolina caudata* | |


title: Philips Hue

abstract: Philips Hue is a line of color-changing LED lamps and white bulbs which can be controlled wirelessly. The Philips Hue line of bulbs was the first smart bulb of its kind on the market. The lamps are currently created and manufactured by Signify N.V., formerly the Philips Lighting division of Royal Philips N.V.

text:
# Philips Hue

**Philips Hue** is a line of color-changing LED lamps and white bulbs which can be controlled wirelessly. The Philips Hue line of bulbs was the first smart bulb of its kind on the market. The lamps are currently created and manufactured by Signify N.V., formerly the Philips Lighting division of Royal Philips N.V.

## Products

### Operation

The Hue Bridge is the central controller of the lighting system which allows the bulbs to "communicate" with Apple HomeKit and the app. In 2016, Philips released a new square shaped v2 bridge with increased memory and processor speed which replaced the round v1 bridge. The first-generation bridge received a final software update in April 2020, and support from the Philips web servers was discontinued. Functionality including grouping lights into rooms and scheduling scenes that depended on Philips servers to pack the instructions into a form the bridge executed could no longer be created. Users of the earlier v1 bridge had to update to a v2 bridge to be able to control their configuration.

The Hue system was released in October 2012 on Apple Store, and was marketed as the first iOS-controlled lighting appliance. Products released before 2019 use the Zigbee Light Link protocol, a compatible subset of Zigbee 3.0, to communicate, while lighting products released later use either Bluetooth or Zigbee 3.0. Smart switches, motion detectors, and other accessory devices such as the Hue HDMI sync originally used only the Zigbee Home Automation protocol, but later supported Zigbee 3.0. Hue system components can be controlled over the Internet, typically by smartphone apps over cellular or WiFi networks, or a Home Automation voice command interface. Commands are delivered to the bridge via a wired Ethernet connection which transmits the commands to the devices over the Zigbee mesh network. The initial system had bulbs capable of producing up to 600 lumens, a limit later increased to 1600 lumens.

In July 2018, an outdoor version of the Philips Hue suite was introduced, and in October 2018 a suite of entertainment-focused, free-standing light fittings. In January 2019 Philips announced outdoor sensors and lights.

## Color ranges

Three different Philips Hue color types are available, all dimmable: White, White Ambiance, and White and Color Ambiance. The White bulbs produce white light with a color temperature of 2700 K (warm); the White Ambiance bulbs produce white light of color temperature adjustable between 2200 K (warm soft white) and 6500 K (daylight). The White and Color Ambiance range can generate white light adjustable from 2000 K to 6500 K, and also adjustable colored light.

## Bulbs with Bluetooth

Since June 2019, all Philips hue bulbs support Bluetooth through the Philips Hue Bluetooth app, so that a Philips Hue Bridge is no longer necessary for basic operation, though it enables further features. Up to ten bulbs can be controlled by Bluetooth (which requires location services to be enabled) over a range stated to be 30 feet (9.1 m).

Use of the Hue Bridge enables control of up to 50 lights, assignation of room names, full voice control, configuration of Hue smart accessories, setting of timers and schedules, away-from-home control, routines to switch on and off, and synchronisation of lights with entertainment devices.

## Security concern

A security flaw was found and resolved in 2016: the bulbs, and potentially other ZigBee devices, could be remotely controlled by anyone, using inexpensive equipment. Researchers tricked the lights into installing a malicious firmware update enabling them to be controlled from 70 metres (230 ft) away.

## Reception

In an article in *Forbes*, Seth Porges called Phillips Hue the "best product of 2012". *PC Magazine* reviewed the white variation and named it as an editors' choice, saying it was bright and affordable and had many features.

## InfoBox

Philips Hue
|
|  |
| Type | LED lamp |
| Manufacturer | Signify N.V. |
| Available | Yes |
| Models made | **Generation 1**
October 29, 2012 (2012-10-29)
**Generation 2**
October 4, 2015 (2015-10-04)
**Generation 3**
October 2, 2016 (2016-10-02) |
| Website | stores.philipslightlounge.com |


title: Helene Ollendorff Curth

abstract: Helene Ollendorff Curth was a German-American dermatologist, known for her studies on acanthosis nigricans (AN) and introducing Curth's criteria, a set of characteristics for associating skin signs as markers for internal cancers. She is named in two rare inherited skin diseases, the Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome and Ichthyosis Hystrix, Curth-Macklin Type. A medical sign in secondary syphilis, known as the Ollendorff sign, and one form of measuring clubbed fingers, known as the Curth's angle, are named after her. Ollendorff Curth completed her early training under Josef Jadassohn at the University of Breslau. She moved to Berlin in 1924 and was appointed assistant to Abraham Buschke. In 1931 she settled in New York where she established a dermatology practice with her husband and became associated with Columbia University. During her career in the US, she published the first description of cases of Behçet's disease there, introduced patch testing for industrial employees in New York, and worked with Madge Thurlow Macklin.

text:
# Helene Ollendorff Curth

**Helene Ollendorff Curth** (28 February 1899 – 17 June 1982) was a German-American dermatologist, known for her studies on acanthosis nigricans (AN) and introducing Curth's criteria, a set of characteristics for associating skin signs as markers for internal cancers. She is named in two rare inherited skin diseases, the Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome and Ichthyosis Hystrix, Curth-Macklin Type. A medical sign in secondary syphilis, known as the Ollendorff sign, and one form of measuring clubbed fingers, known as the Curth's angle, are named after her.

Ollendorff Curth completed her early training under Josef Jadassohn at the University of Breslau. She moved to Berlin in 1924 and was appointed assistant to Abraham Buschke. In 1931 she settled in New York where she established a dermatology practice with her husband and became associated with Columbia University. During her career in the US, she published the first description of cases of Behçet's disease there, introduced patch testing for industrial employees in New York, and worked with Madge Thurlow Macklin.

## Early life and education

Helene Ollendorff Curth, affectionately referred to as "Lene", was born on 28 February 1899, into a Jewish family in Wroclaw, Poland, then Breslau, Germany. Her father Isodor Ollendorf, was a lawyer and counsillor who died in 1911, and her mother Paula spent much of her life working to improve women's rights. The youngest of four siblings, her sister and one brother died young. She attended the universities of Freiburg and Munich.

## Early career

Ollendorff Curth completed her early medical training under Josef Jadassohn, pioneer of patch testing, at the University of Breslau. Together they investigated the sensitivity of secondary syphilitic lesions. She described their findings in her doctoral thesis, for which she was awarded top class honours. Known as the Ollendorff probe sign or Ollendorff sign, the phenomenon referred to deep pain when a syphilitic bump was gently prodded, and was used to help distinguish the lesions of secondary syphilis from similarly looking non-syphilitic ones.

Subsequently, in 1924, she moved to Berlin to train in dermatology at the Rudolf-Virchow-Krankenhaus under Abraham Buschke, and was later appointed his assistant. At the same unit she met her future husband, Rudolf Wilhelm Paul Curth, a dermatologist who had arrived in the department in 1925 as another of Buschke's assistants; they married in 1927. In 1928, with Buschke, she described in one 41-year-old female the connective tissue condition "disseminated dermatofibrosis lenticularis", which came to be known as Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome. Rare and hereditary, they found the disease to present with widespread painless small bumps in the skin, sometimes associated with bone involvement.

During her time in Berlin, she conducted her early studies on the skin sign acanthosis nigricans (AN).

## Later career

In 1931, after witnessing the removal of Jewish looking people by men in uniform, Ollendorff Curth, her husband and child moved to New York City, where they anglicized their names; she removed the final e from Helene and became Helen, and he became William. There, they established a private dermatology practice and worked alongside Columbia University.

Her two papers in 1946 contain the first description of cases of Behçet's disease in New York, following which this eponymous term became popular. She described the "triple symptom complex" of ulcers of the mouth and genitals (genital ulcer and mouth ulcer), and eye inflammation leading to hypopyonas, as described by Hulusi Behçet in 1937. Medical professionals have debated whether the disease name should include Benediktos Adamantiades. Ollendorff Curth did not use his name in her title but cites him.

She wrote on diseases that resulted from abnormal skin development, and contributed to *Fitzpatrick's Dermatology*. In 1954, with Madge Thurlow Macklin, she gave the first description of a rare type of ichthyosis hystrix. The condition presents with thick warty skin, horn-like skin of palms and soles, and scales. She is named for Curth's angle, one form of assessing clubbed fingers, which she published in 1961 in a description of a familial case. In New York she introduced patch testing for industrial employees. At the invitation of Heinrich Adolf Gottron and Urs Walter Schnyder, she contributed a chapter to *Jadassohn's Handbook of Skin and Venereal Diseases* (1966).

## Cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes

Ollendorff Curth was first to establish a set of criteria required to suspect a cancer when new skin signs appeared. She had initially postulated these characteristics whilst in Berlin, and continued to adapt them. It became known as the "Curth criteria" for associating some rashes and skin conditions as markers for internal cancers. One such skin sign, AN, became a regular topic of her publications. Her definitions and classifications of AN helped to distinguish types associated with cancer (malignant acanthosis nigricans) from benign types with no link to cancer. In 1968 she categorized acanthosis nigricans into four types: malignant, benign, syndromic, and pseudo types. It has since been reclassified by several others. Robert J. Gorlin noted her work in this area to have been a significant influence on him.

## Death

Ollendorff Curth died on 17 June 1982, from Alzheimer's disease.

## Selected publications

* "Ein Fall von Dermatofibrosis lenticularis disseminata und Osteopathia condensans disseminata". Dermatologische Wochenschrift, Hamburg, 1928, 86: 257–262. (Co-author)
* Curth, Helen Ollendorff (1 October 1934). "Dermatofibrosis lenticularis disseminata and osteopoikilosis". *Archives of Dermatology*. **30** (4): 552. doi:10.1001/archderm.1934.01460160066009.
* "Benign type of acanthosis nigricans: etiology". *Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology*. **34** (3): 353–366. 1 September 1936. doi:10.1001/archderm.1936.01470150003001. ISSN 0096-6029.
* Curth, Helen Ollendorff (August 1946). "Recurrent genito-oral aphthosis and uveitis with hypopyon (Behcet's syndrome)". *Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology*. **54** (2): 179–196. doi:10.1001/archderm.1946.01510370063005. ISSN 0096-6029. PMID 20995035.
* CURTH HO (October 1946). "Behçet's syndrome, abortive form (?); recurrent aphthous oral lesions and recurrent genital ulcerations". *Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology*. **54**: 481–484. ISSN 0096-6029. PMID 21065219.
* Curth, Helen Ollendorff (1 February 1948). "Acanthosis nigricans and its association with cancer". *Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology*. **57** (2): 158–170. doi:10.1001/archderm.1948.01520140020003. ISSN 0096-6029. PMID 18912474.
* Curth, Helen Ollendorff; FIRSCHEIN IL; ALPERT M (1 May 1961). "Familial Clubbed Fingers". *Archives of Dermatology*. **83** (5): 828–836. doi:10.1001/archderm.1961.01580110116017. ISSN 0003-987X. PMID 13718935. (Co-author)

1. "Collection: Helen Ollendorff Curth Collection | The Center for Jewish History ArchivesSpace". *archives.cjh.org*. Archived from the original on 6 August 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
2. Al Aboud, Khalid (10 November 2011). "Helen Ollendorff Curth and Curth-Macklin Syndrome". *The Open Dermatology Journal*. **5** (1): 28–30. doi:10.2174/1874372201105010028.
3. Lenarcik, Miroslawa (2010). "2.3. The status of women in Judaism". *A Community in Transition: Jewish Welfare in Breslau-Wrocław*. Barbara Budrich Publishers. pp. 132–134. ISBN 978-3-86649-715-3.
4. Davies, K. E.; Yesudian, P. D. (July 2014). "Historical Archives". *British Journal of Dermatology*. **171**: 139–146. doi:10.1111/bjd.12981.
5. Jacob, Sharon E.; Herro, Elise M. (2013). "1. Clinical guide introduction". *Practical Patch Testing and Chemical Allergens in Contact Dermatitis*. London: Springer. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-4471-4585-1.
6. Guzman, Anthony K.; James, William D. (September 2016). "Helen Ollendorff-Curth: A dermatologist's lasting legacy". *International Journal of Women's Dermatology*. **2** (3): 108–112. doi:10.1016/j.ijwd.2016.06.002. ISSN 2352-6475. PMC 5418872. PMID 28492020.
7. James, William D.; Elston, Dirk; Treat, James R.; Rosenbach, Misha A.; Neuhaus, Isaac (2020). "18. Syphilis, Yaws, Bejel, and Pinta". *Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology* (13th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier. pp. 347–361. ISBN 978-0-323-54753-6.
8. Curth, William; Curth, Helen Ollendorff (February 1983). "Remembering Abraham Buschke". *The American Journal of Dermatopathology*. **5** (1): 27–29. doi:10.1097/00000372-198302000-00006. ISSN 0193-1091. PMID 6344683.
9. Lacour, Marc (4 December 2019). "95. Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome, Marfan's syndrome and osteogenesis imperfecta". In Hoeger, Peter H.; Kinsler, Veronica; Yan, Albert C.; Bodemer, Christine; Larralde, Margarita; Luk, David; Mendiratta, Vibhu; Purvis, Diana (eds.). *Harper's Textbook of Pediatric Dermatology*. John Wiley & Sons. p. 1139. ISBN 978-1-119-14280-5.
10. Burgdorf, Walter H.C; Scholz, Albrecht (July 2004). "Helen Ollendorff Curth and William Curth: From Breslau and Berlin to Bar Harbor". *Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology*. **51** (1): 84–89. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2003.12.035. PMID 15243529.
11. "Corrections". *Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology*. **51** (5): 717. November 2004. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2004.08.006.
12. Zouboulis, Christos; Keitel, Wolfgang (2004). "A historical review of Adamantiades-Behçet's Disease". In Zouboulis, Christos (ed.). *Adamantiades-Behçet's Disease*. New York: Springer Science & Business Media. p. 12. ISBN 0-306-48382-3.
13. Evereklioglu, Cem (June 2007). "The migration pattern, patient selection with diagnostic methodological flaw and confusing naming dilemma in Behçet disease". *European Journal of Echocardiography*. **8** (3): 167–173, author reply 174. doi:10.1016/j.euje.2006.12.007. ISSN 1525-2167. PMID 17317323.
14. Burgdorf, Walter H. C. (September 2006). "Cancer-associated genodermatoses: a personal history". *Experimental Dermatology*. **15** (9): 653–666. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2006.00463.x. ISSN 0906-6705. PMID 16881962.
15. Baran, Robert; Dawber, Rodney P. R.; Berker, David A. R. de; Haneke, Ekhart; Tosti, Antonella (30 April 2008). *Baran and Dawber's Diseases of the Nails and their Management*. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-69483-1.
16. Fritz-Niggli, H.; Jung, E. G.; Klunker, W.; Korn-Heydt, G. E.; Niermann, H.; Curth, H. Ollendorff; Šalamon, T.; Schnyder, U. W.; Sohar, E.; Wendt, G. G.; Wise, D.; Ziprkowski, L.; Gottron, H. A., eds. (1966). *Vererbung von Hautkrankheiten*. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-28637-1. ISBN 978-3-662-27154-4.
17. Chiesa-Fuxench, Zelma C.; Ramírez, Liliana; Sánchez, Néstor P. (2011). "Cutaneous manifestations of internal malignancy and paraneoplastic syndromes". In Sánchez, Néstor P. (ed.). *Atlas of Dermatology in Internal Medicine*. New York: Springer Science & Business Media. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-4614-0687-7.
18. Fritsch, Peter (2011). "18. Paraneoplastic syndromes in the skin". In Hertl, Michael (ed.). *Autoimmune Diseases of the Skin: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Management* (3rd ed.). Wein: Springer. p. 518. ISBN 978-3-211-99225-8.
19. Braun-Falco, Otto; Plewig, Gerd; Wolff, Helmut H.; Winkelmann, Richard K. (1991). "14. Erythematous and erythematosquamous skin diseases". *Dermatology*. Berlin: Springer. pp. 455–456. ISBN 978-3-662-00181-3.
20. Levine, Norman; Burk, Cynthia (2008). "50. Acquired epidermal hypermelanoses". In Nordlund, James J.; Boissy, Raymond E.; Hearing, Vincent J.; King, Richard A.; Oetting, William S.; Ortonne, Jean-Paul (eds.). *The Pigmentary System: Physiology and Pathophysiology* (2nd ed.). Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing. p. 907. ISBN 978-1-4051-2034-0.
21. Schwarzenberger, Katherine; Callen, Geoffrey P. (2012). "53. Dermatologic manifestations in patients with systemic disease". In Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L.; Schaffer, Julie V. (eds.). *Dermatology* (3rd ed.). Elsevier. p. 763. ISBN 978-0-7020-5182-1.
22. Gorlin, Robert J. (November 2004). "Nevoid basal cell carcinoma (Gorlin) syndrome". *Genetics in Medicine*. **6** (6): 530–539. doi:10.1097/01.GIM.0000144188.15902.C4. PMID 15545751.
23. Oransky, Ivan (October 2006). "Robert Gorlin". *The Lancet*. **368** (9545): 1414. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69593-7.

## InfoBox

| Helene Ollendorff Curth | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Helene Ollendorff
(1899-02-28)28 February 1899
Breslau, German Empire |
| Died | 17 June 1982(1982-06-17) (aged 83) |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Physician |
| Known for |  |
| Mother | Paula Ollendorff |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Education |  |
| Alma mater | University of Breslau |
| Thesis | (1924) |
| Doctoral advisor | Josef Jadassohn |
| Other advisors | Abraham Buschke |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Dermatology |
| Sub-discipline | Genodermatosis |
| Institutions |  |
| Main interests | Acanthosis nigricans |
| Notable ideas | Skin signs associated with internal cancer |
| Influenced | Robert J. Gorlin |
|  | |


title: Yolbaşı, İslahiye

abstract: Yolbaşı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of İslahiye, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. The village is inhabited by Kurds of the Delikan tribe and had a population of 665 in 2022.

text:
# Yolbaşı, İslahiye

**Yolbaşı** is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of İslahiye, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. The village is inhabited by Kurds of the Delikan tribe and had a population of 665 in 2022.

## InfoBox

| Yolbaşı | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| YolbaşıLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 36°51′8″N 36°38′55″E / 36.85222°N 36.64861°E / 36.85222; 36.64861 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Gaziantep |
| District | İslahiye |
| Population (2022) | 665 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Hawkeye, Missouri

abstract: Hawkeye is an unincorporated community in the northwest corner of Pulaski County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The Pulaski-Camden county line is one-half mile to the west and the Pulaski-Miller county line is one mile to the north. Missouri Route U passes through the community. The community is on a ridge at an elevation of 1106 feet at the head of the north flowing Barren Fork, the northeast flowing Clinkingbeard Creek to the east and tributaries of west flowing Deane Creek to the south and west.

text:
# Hawkeye, Missouri

**Hawkeye** is an unincorporated community in the northwest corner of Pulaski County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The Pulaski-Camden county line is one-half mile to the west and the Pulaski-Miller county line is one mile to the north. Missouri Route U passes through the community. The community is on a ridge at an elevation of 1106 feet at the head of the north flowing Barren Fork, the northeast flowing Clinkingbeard Creek to the east and tributaries of west flowing Deane Creek to the south and west.

## History

A post office was in operation at Hawkeye from 1882 until 1955. The community was so named on account of its lofty elevation.

38°00′20″N 92°23′35″W / 38.00556°N 92.39306°W / 38.00556; -92.39306


title: Nat's What I Reckon

abstract: Nat's What I Reckon is an Australian YouTube channel featuring Nathan "Nat" Bartolo, a Sydney-based stand-up comedian, mental health advocate, rock musician and social commentator. The YouTube channel presents a mixture of content ranging from trade show reviews, cooking tutorials and social commentary, with Dave Grohl, Carl Cox and Yael Stone among the channel's fans. He has collaborated on his YouTube channel with Machine Gun Kelly, Mighty Car Mods and Briggs. As of July 2024, the channel has over 469,000 subscribers and over 31.94 million views. In December 2020, Nat released a book titled Un-cook Yourself: A Ratbag's Rules for Life, which was awarded the Booktopia Favourite Australian Book Award for 2020.

text:
# Nat's What I Reckon

**Nat's What I Reckon** is an Australian YouTube channel featuring Nathan "Nat" Bartolo, a Sydney-based stand-up comedian, mental health advocate, rock musician and social commentator.

The YouTube channel presents a mixture of content ranging from trade show reviews, cooking tutorials and social commentary, with Dave Grohl, Carl Cox and Yael Stone among the channel's fans. He has collaborated on his YouTube channel with Machine Gun Kelly, Mighty Car Mods and Briggs.

As of July 2024, the channel has over 469,000 subscribers and over 31.94 million views.

In December 2020, Nat released a book titled *Un-cook Yourself: A Ratbag's Rules for Life*, which was awarded the Booktopia Favourite Australian Book Award for 2020.

## History

Nat, who has chosen not to disclose his surname, grew up in Sydney, Australia. He describes his childhood as being "difficult" with periods of suffering from anxiety and depression. He attended the Hillsong Church where his father was a minister. He left the church while still a teenager and spent time backpacking throughout India.

He attended a Waldorf school before studying singing and guitar at a private college in Sydney.

The YouTube channel began in 2006 and featured regular videos titled "Is it shit?", where Nat would review a variety of topics and decide if the topic was worthwhile.

In 2016, Nat met his partner Julia Gee, known as Jules, via a dating app. She works as a graphic designer designing artwork for the YouTube channel and also films their videos.

In 2019, Nat was an ambassador for the *UNSW Big Anxiety Festival*.

In 2020, the channel began featuring healthy cooking segments when a stand-up comedy tour featuring Nat was cancelled due to COVID-19 lockdowns across Australia. Nat noticed supermarkets were low on stock for jar sauces while fresh produce remained on the shelves during panic buying due to the coronavirus pandemic.

Nat turned to healthy cooking and eating after having a lung removed due to complications from tuberculosis.

In September 2020, *Growcom*, a Queensland government–funded horticulture body, announced a partnership with Nat's What I Reckon as part of their *Eat Yourself To Health* campaign.

On December 6, 2020, Nat was the guest programmer on the Australian music video television show *Rage*.

In July 2021, Nat appeared on the ABC long-form interview television show *One Plus One* with Courtney Act.

In 2021, Nat released two organic wines with Nat's What I Reckon branding—named *Reckon Roger & Ian's Boating Wine* and *Nat's What I Reckon Cheeky Redders Greenache—*in a collaboration with Built To Spill and Dreaded Friend winery.

Nat is a musician with two Sydney-based bands, including as a singer and guitarist for **Keggerdeth** and drummer for the band **Penalties**.

## Publications

* *Smash Hits Recipes - Available November 2023* ISBN 9781761343865
* *Un-cook Yourself: A Ratbag's Rules for Life* ISBN 9781761040900
* *Death To Jar Sauce* ISBN 9781761045820
* *Life: What Nat to Do* ISBN 9781761049835

## InfoBox

| Nat's What I Reckon | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Personal information | |
| Born | 1980s
New South Wales, Australia |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Occupation(s) | YouTuber, stand-up comedian, musician, writer |
| Partner | Julia Gee (2016–present) |
| Website | http://www.natswhatireckon.com/ |
| YouTube information | |
| Channel |  |
| Presented by | Nat, Jules |
| Years active | 2006–present |
| Genre(s) | Cooking, comedy, Australian culture |
| Subscribers | 469.00 thousand
(July 2024) |
| Total views | 31.9 million
(July 2024) |
| Creator Awards  100,000 subscribers 2021 | |
| ---  *Last updated:* 17 Jul 2024 | |


title: Porvoo sub-region

abstract: Porvoo sub-region is a subdivision of Uusimaa and one of the Sub-regions of Finland since 2009.

text:
# Porvoo sub-region

**Porvoo sub-region**  is a subdivision of Uusimaa and one of the Sub-regions of Finland since 2009.

## Municipalities

| Coat of
arms | Municipality | Population | Land area
(km2) | Density
(/km2) | Finnish
speakers | Swedish
speakers | Other
speakers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Askola | 4,679 | 212 | 22 | 93 % | 4 % | 4 % |
|  | Myrskylä | 1,684 | 200 | 8 | 88 % | 9 % | 4 % |
|  | Porvoo | 51,621 | 655 | 79 | 63 % | 28 % | 8 % |
|  | Pukkila | 1,751 | 145 | 12 | 97 % | 1 % | 3 % |
|  | **Total** | 59,735 | 1,213 | 49 | 67 % | 24 % | 8 % |

## Politics

Results of the 2018 Finnish presidential election:

## InfoBox

| Porvoo sub-region Porvoon seutukunta | |
| --- | --- |
| Sub-region | |
|  | |
| Country | Finland |
| Region | Uusimaa |
| Population | |
| Total | 59,735 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


title: José Bravo

abstract: José Bravo Domínguez was a Spanish footballer born in Ceuta, 18 November 1916.

text:
# José Bravo

**José Bravo Domínguez** (18 November 1916 – 1 February 1993) was a Spanish footballer born in Ceuta, 18 November 1916.

## Career

He played as a left winger, the first team he played for was SD Unión África Ceutí. He then played for Levante, SD Ceuta again, Real Murcia, Real Zaragoza and then back to Murcia. In 1940 he joined FC Barcelona in which he played until the 1947–48 season, a total of 196 games, scoring 88 goals in all competitions. With the Blaugrana he won La Liga in 1945 and 1948, in addition to the Copa del Rey in 1942. When he left the club he moved to Gimnàstic de Tarragona and thereafter SD Ceuta, where he retired in 1951.

He played one match for the Spain national team against France in Seville on 15 March 1942. Spain won by four to zero. However this was the only time he would represent *La furia roja*.

General * *60 years of national championship.* (Universe Publishing, 1988).
* José Bravo at WorldFootball.net

Specific

## InfoBox

José Bravo
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | José Bravo Domínguez | | |
| Date of birth | (1916-11-18)18 November 1916 | | |
| Place of birth | Ceuta, Spain | | |
| Date of death | 1 February 1993(1993-02-01) (aged 76) | | |
| Place of death | Barcelona, Spain | | |
| Position(s) | Winger | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 1929–1930 | España de Ceuta | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1930–1932 | África Ceutí |  |  |
| 1932–1933 | Levante |  |  |
| 1933–1935 | Ceuta Sport |  |  |
| 1935–1936 | Murcia |  |  |
| 1936 | Zaragoza |  |  |
| 1939–1940 | Murcia |  |  |
| 1940–1948 | Barcelona | 120 | (51) |
| 1948–1950 | Gimnástico | 41 | (16) |
| 1950–1951 | Ceuta | 15 | (11) |
| International career | | | |
| 1942 | Spain | 1 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Michael Putney

abstract: Michael Putney is a senior political television reporter and columnist, based in Miami, Florida, United States. Putney is the winner of two Emmy Awards.

text:
# Michael Putney

**Michael Putney** (born December 16, 1940, in New York City) is a senior political television reporter and columnist, based in Miami, Florida, United States. Putney is the winner of two Emmy Awards.

## Early life and education

Putney was born in New York City but raised in St. Louis. At the age of 14, he and his family moved to Berkeley, California. He attended Berkeley High School and upon graduating went to Deep Springs College in California. After his two years there, he obtained his BA in English Literature from the University of Missouri. He then went on the get his master's degree at the University of Missouri.

## Career

Putney began his career in journalism in 1966 as a radio reporter and later as a news director at KCGM in Columbia, Missouri. In 1970, he moved to Washington, DC to work for The National Observer as a general arts writer and then eventually worked his way up to becoming general assignment reporter and national feature writer.

Putney's television career in South Florida began in 1981 at WTVJ, which at the time broadcast on Channel 4 as Miami's CBS network affiliate. At Channel 4 he worked as a reporter emphasizing on government and politics, becoming weekend co-anchor in 1986. In 1989, he moved to WPLG Channel 10, an ABC network affiliate also in Miami, to become senior political reporter and host of "This Week In South Florida with Michael Putney."

Putney also writes a semimonthly column on politics for *The Miami Herald*, and has reported for *National Observer (United States)* and *Time*.

The State Supreme Court appointed Putney to the Florida's Judicial Management Council.

Putney retired from Channel 10 on December 18, 2022, after hosting "This Week in South Florida" almost every Sunday for the prior 33 years since the show's premiere broadcast.

Man, Anthony. "Michael Putney readies to leave after more than three decades at WPLG-Ch. 10′s 'This Week in South Florida'". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. Retrieved 18 December 2022.


title: Nolina nelsonii

abstract: Nolina nelsonii, often misspelled Nolina nelsoni, is a flowering plant in the genus Nolina. The species was first described in 1906; in its genus, it is morphologically most similar to Nolina parryi. This extremely drought-tolerant plant is native to the deserts and montane regions in the State of Tamaulipas in northern/northeastern Mexico. It is known to be cold-hardy to at least −12 °C. It develops a trunk measuring from one to several meters high, making it an arborescent member of its genus. The bluish-green leaves, with finely toothed margins, are borne in dense rosettes, each with up to several hundred stiff linear (narrow) leaves up to 70 centimeters long. It is dioecious; upon reaching sexual maturity, its white-flowered inflorescence appears in Spring. The fruit capsules are around 80 mm in length, containing light-brown, spherical to oblong seeds 2–3 mm in diameter. After blooming, the plant's main trunk dies and multiple lateral trunks emerge to take its place.

text:
# Nolina nelsonii

***Nolina nelsonii*** (**Blue Nolina** or **Nelson's Bear Grass**), often misspelled *Nolina nelsoni*, is a flowering plant in the genus Nolina. The species was first described in 1906; in its genus, it is morphologically most similar to Nolina parryi. This extremely drought-tolerant plant is native to the deserts and montane regions in the State of Tamaulipas in northern/northeastern Mexico. It is known to be cold-hardy to at least −12 °C. It develops a trunk measuring from one to several meters high, making it an arborescent member of its genus. The bluish-green leaves, with finely toothed margins, are borne in dense rosettes, each with up to several hundred stiff linear (narrow) leaves up to 70 centimeters long. It is dioecious; upon reaching sexual maturity, its white-flowered inflorescence appears in Spring. The fruit capsules are around 80 mm in length, containing light-brown, spherical to oblong seeds 2–3 mm in diameter. After blooming, the plant's main trunk dies and multiple lateral trunks emerge to take its place.

## InfoBox

| *Nolina nelsonii* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Asparagaceae |
| Subfamily: | Nolinoideae |
| Genus: | *Nolina* |
| Species: | ***N. nelsonii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Nolina nelsonii***<br>Rose | |
|


title: Frumpy 2

abstract: Frumpy 2 was the second album by the German progressive rock band Frumpy. It was released in 1971.

text:
# Frumpy 2

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***Frumpy 2*** was the second album by the German progressive rock band Frumpy. It was released in 1971.

## Track listing

Tracks on the original release of the album were:

### Side one

1. "Good Winds" (Rumpf) – 10:02
2. "How the Gypsy Was Born" (Kravetz/Rumpf) – 8:49

### Side two

1. "Take Care of Illusion" (Kravetz/Rumpf) – 7:30
2. "Duty" (Kravetz/Rumpf) – 12:09

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Frumpy 2 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Frumpy | |
| Released | August 1971 |
| Genre | Progressive rock
Krautrock
Psychedelic rock |
| Length | 38:37 |
| Label | Philips
Reissue on CD by Repertoire records |
| Producer | Rainer Goltermann |
| Frumpy chronology | |
| *All Will Be Changed*
(1970) ***Frumpy 2***
(1971) *By The Way*
(1972) | |


title: Ross Lake National Recreation Area

abstract: Ross Lake National Recreation Area is a US national recreation area in north central Washington just south of the Canada–US border. It is the most accessible part of the North Cascades National Park Complex which also includes North Cascades National Park and Lake Chelan National Recreation Area. Ross Lake NRA follows the Skagit River corridor from the Canada–US border to the western foothills of the Cascades. The NRA contains a portion of scenic Washington State Route 20, the North Cascades Highway, and includes three reservoirs: 12,000-acre (4,900 ha) Ross Lake, 910-acre (370 ha) Diablo Lake, and 210-acre (85 ha) Gorge Lake. These reservoirs make up the Skagit River Hydroelectric Project operated by Seattle City Light. Nestled in the "American Alps" the Ross Lake NRA bisects the north and south units of North Cascades National Park.

text:
# Ross Lake National Recreation Area

**Ross Lake National Recreation Area** is a US national recreation area in north central Washington just south of the Canada–US border. It is the most accessible part of the North Cascades National Park Complex which also includes North Cascades National Park and Lake Chelan National Recreation Area. Ross Lake NRA follows the Skagit River corridor from the Canada–US border to the western foothills of the Cascades. The NRA contains a portion of scenic Washington State Route 20, the North Cascades Highway, and includes three reservoirs: 12,000-acre (4,900 ha) Ross Lake, 910-acre (370 ha) Diablo Lake, and 210-acre (85 ha) Gorge Lake. These reservoirs make up the Skagit River Hydroelectric Project operated by Seattle City Light. Nestled in the "American Alps" the Ross Lake NRA bisects the north and south units of North Cascades National Park.

## Attractions

Ross Lake National Recreation Area is a major recreation destination in the Northern Cascades, attracting visitors from across the US and Canada with fishing, hunting, canoeing, kayaking, climbing and hiking opportunities. The NRA contains trailheads that connect to hundreds of miles of hiking trails in adjoining North Cascades National Park, Pasayten Wilderness and Skagit Valley Provincial Park. National Park Service campgrounds along the North Cascades Highway including Newhalem Creek, Colonial Creek and Goodall Creek feature tent and RV camping. Newhalem, Washington is home to both the North Cascades Visitor Center and the Skagit Information Center. Along Ross Lake and Diablo reservoirs boat-in camping is allowed, permits are required from the Wilderness Information Center in Marblemount, Washington.

Desolation Peak Lookout remains an operational fire lookout staffed each summer by fire personnel. The lookout features sweeping vistas of North Cascade peaks including Hozomeen Mountain. The lookout is best known as the setting for Jack Kerouac's novel *Desolation Angels*. Kerouac spent the summer of 1956 manning the 14-by-14-foot (4.3 by 4.3 m) structure for the U.S. Forest Service. The lookout can be accessed via a six-mile (10 km) trail from the shore of Ross Lake.

## Access

Ross Lake NRA provides the primary access points for motorists and backpackers entering the North Cascades National Park Service Complex. Public automobile access is allowed via two roads. Most travelers in the region use the North Cascades Highway, which bisects the National Recreation Area east to west. The second vehicle access point is the southern terminus of the 43-mile (69 km) gravel Silver Skagit Road just south of the Canada–US border at the Hozomeen campground. The nearest large town on the west side of the park is Sedro-Woolley, Washington, while Winthrop lies to the east and Hope, British Columbia to the north. The entrance to the complex lies 50 miles (80 km) east of Interstate 5. No entrance fee is charged for North Cascades National Park, Ross Lake National Recreation Area, or Lake Chelan National Recreation Area.

## InfoBox

| Ross Lake National Recreation Area | |
| --- | --- |
| IUCN category V (protected landscape/seascape) | |
| Ross Lake from Desolation Peak in 2017 | |
|  | |
| Location | Whatcom County and Skagit County, Washington, United States |
| Nearest city | Newhalem, Washington |
| Coordinates | 48°40′23″N 121°14′43″W / 48.67306°N 121.24528°W / 48.67306; -121.24528 |
| Area | 117,575 acres (475.81 km2) |
| Established | October 2, 1968 |
| Visitors | 998,019 (in 2022) |
| Governing body | National Park Service |
| Website | North Cascades National Park |


title: Naracoorte Caves National Park

abstract: Naracoorte Caves National Park is a national park near Naracoorte in the Limestone Coast tourism region in the south-east of South Australia (Australia). It was officially recognised in 1994 for its extensive fossil record when the site was inscribed on the World Heritage List, along with Riversleigh. The park preserves 6 km⁲ of remnant vegetation, with 26 caves contained within the 3.05 km⁲ World Heritage Area. Out of the 28 known caves in the park, only four are open to the public. Other caves are kept away from the public eye as they are important for scientific research and also for the protection of the caves and their contents. Many of the caves contain spectacular stalactites and stalagmites.

text:
# Naracoorte Caves National Park

**Naracoorte Caves National Park** is a national park near Naracoorte in the Limestone Coast tourism region in the south-east of South Australia (Australia). It was officially recognised in 1994 for its extensive fossil record when the site was inscribed on the World Heritage List, along with Riversleigh. The park preserves 6 km2 of remnant vegetation, with 26 caves contained within the 3.05 km2 World Heritage Area. Out of the 28 known caves in the park, only four are open to the public. Other caves are kept away from the public eye as they are important for scientific research and also for the protection of the caves and their contents. Many of the caves contain spectacular stalactites and stalagmites.

## History

### European discovery

The caves, which are located within the boundaries of what is now the national park, were first encountered in 1845 with the discovery of Blanche Cave.

### Naracoorte Forest Reserve

In 1885, the Department of Woods and Forests appointed a caretaker due to "the popularity of the caves and their vulnerability to vandalism".

### First fossil collection

The first recorded collection of Pleistocene megafaunal fossils from the caves was a 1908 collection reported by William Reddan from Specimen Cave. This collection was carried out largely without regard for the stratigraphic context of the fossils, limiting the collections scientific utility.

### National Pleasure Resort

In 1916, the control of the portion of the forest reserve which contained many of the caves and which consisted of about 20 hectares (50 acres) of land was transferred from the Department of Woods and Forests to the Immigration, Publicity and Tourist Bureau who would manage it as a national pleasure resort under the *National Pleasure Resort Act 1914* until 1972. The change of control was gazetted on 1 March 1917. The national pleasure resort's development into "an important regional tourist destination was greatly assisted by the discovery in 1969 in Victoria Cave of the largest known Australian Pleistocene vertebrate fossil cave deposit".

### Conservation Park

On 27 April 1972, it was renamed as the  *Naracoorte Caves Conservation Park* upon the proclamation of the *National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972* which repealed the former act along with other statutes concerned with conservation. In 1982, the conservation park was listed on the now-defunct Register of the National Estate.

### World heritage listing

On 17 December 1994, part of the conservation park, being an area of 300 hectares (740 acres) was "inscribed on the World Heritage List" along with the Riversleigh fossil site in Queensland as the Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh/Naracoorte).

### National Park

On 18 January 2001, the Naracoorte Caves Conservation Park was abolished and the land that it occupied was reconstituted as a national park because it was considered to be "of national significance by reason of the natural features of the land" and was assigned the name, Naracoorte Caves National Park.

### National heritage listing

On 21 May 2007 The Australian Fossil Mammal Sites was one of 15 World Heritage places to be added to the Australian National Heritage List.

### State heritage listing

On 17 May 2017, the extent of the national park was listed as a state heritage place on the South Australian Heritage Register with the name of the *Naracoorte Caves Complex*.

## Visitor attraction

The park is a visitor destination in itself, with a camping ground and caravan park, dormitory accommodation for groups, picnic grounds and a licensed cafe. The range of visitor activities is extensive. Show cave tours are guided by professional interpreters through highly decorated caves with some tours visiting amazing fossil deposits. Modern technology has been utilised to show visitors the normally inaccessible interior of Bat Cave, where thousands of southern bent-wing bats breed each year. Other opportunities include adventure caving, a selection of specialty tours and special events. The Wonambi Fossil Centre, the park's visitor centre, features displays of fossils and bones found in the caves and dioramas of extinct animals.

## Structure

The limestone of the area was formed from coral and marine creatures 200 million years ago and again 20 million years ago when the land was below sea level. Ground water since then has dissolved and eroded some of the limestone, creating the caves. The caves, such as the Victoria Fossil Cave and Blanche Cave, are often not far below ground, and holes open up creating traps for the unwary. This is the source of the remarkable collection of fossils. Mammals and other land creatures have fallen into open caves and been unable to escape. The fossil record has been preserved in strata formed from eroded topsoil washed and blown in. In some places, the fossil-bearing silt is up to 20 metres thick. Some of these areas are being preserved for future research when better methods of dating and reconstructing fossil records may have been found. These fossil traps are especially significant for tracing Australian megafauna.

The latest research pushes back the date of the caves' formation to at least 1.34 million years ago.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Naracoorte Caves National Park
Joanna & Mount Light, South Australia | |
| --- | --- |
| IUCN category II (national park) | |
| Skeleton of a marsupial lion (*Thylacoleo carnifex*) in the Victoria Fossil Cave | |
| Naracoorte Caves National Park | |
| Nearest town or city | Naracoorte |
| Coordinates | 37°2′10″S 140°47′51.5″E / 37.03611°S 140.797639°E / -37.03611; 140.797639 |
| Established | **Conservation Park** 27 April 1972 (1972-04-27)
**National Park** 18 January 2001 (2001-01-18) |
| Area | 6.60 km2 (2.5 sq mi) |
| Visitation | 90,812 (in 2022) |
| Managing authorities | Department of Environment and Water |
| Website | Naracoorte Caves National Park |
| Footnotes |  |
|  | |
| UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
| Part of | Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh/Naracoorte) |
| Criteria | Natural: viii, ix |
| Reference | 698-002 |
| Inscription | 1994 (18th Session) |
| Area | 300 ha |
|  | |
| See also | Protected areas of South Australia |


title: Nasławice, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship

abstract: Nasławice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Klimontów, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) east of Klimontów, 16 km (10 mi) west of Sandomierz, and 69 km (43 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

text:
# Nasławice, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship

**Nasławice** \[naswaˈvit͡sɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Klimontów, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) east of Klimontów, 16 km (10 mi) west of Sandomierz, and 69 km (43 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

## InfoBox

| Nasławice | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Nasławice | |
| Coordinates: 50°40′24″N 21°32′4″E / 50.67333°N 21.53444°E / 50.67333; 21.53444 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Świętokrzyskie |
| County | Sandomierz |
| Gmina | Klimontów |
| Population | 220 |


title: Port reception facilities

abstract: Port reception facilities are a place that international shipping ports must provide to collect residues, oily mixtures, and garbage generated from an ocean-going vessel. contaminants generated by ships cannot be discharged directly to the ocean. According to MARPOL 73/78 they must be collected by the Port reception facilities all around the world. The Port reception facility must be able to receive dirty oil and other contaminants, and also provide quick and efficient services. In March 2006, MEPC 54 emphasized the value of reception facilities that would exceed expectations in the implementation of MARPOL, and introduced a policy of "zero tolerance of illegal discharges from ships" that could only be enforced when there were adequate reception facilities in ports. Therefore, the Committee urged all Parties to MARPOL, particularly port States, to fulfill their treaty obligations to provide reception facilities for wastes generated during the normal operation of ships. In October 2006, MEPC 55 approved an Action Plan to help the problems faced by port reception facilities. This was seen as a major challenge to overcome in order to achieve full compliance with MARPOL. The Plan was introduced by the Sub-Committee on Flag State Implementation (FSI) in order to better implement MARPOL and to increase environmental consciousness among shipping. A new plan to manage the waste must be found and ships must be encouraged to use the port reception facilities rather than to discharge waste anywhere in the ocean. As a response, the European Community adopted the Directive 2000/59/EC on port reception facilities with the goal of eliminating discharges of ship-generated residues into the ocean. The Directive is especially aimed at increasing the prevalence and use of port reception facilities, thereby securing a cleaner and more sustainable marine environment. These ideologies were previously addressed by the MARPOL 73/78 Convention in 1973, however Member States are still encountering difficulties in fully implementing the requirements. The Port Reception Facility Database (PRFD) went online 1 March 2006, as a module of the IMO Global Integrated Shipping Information System (GISIS). The database logs data on reception facilities detailing each category of ship-generated waste. The Annexes of MARPOL contain detailed regulations with respect to the six main groups of harmful materials: Petroleum in any form; Noxious Liquid Substances (NLS) carried in bulk; Harmful substances carried in packaged form; Sewage; Garbage; and Air emissions. MARPOL states that contaminants cannot be discharged into the ocean in line with the requirements stated in its annexes should be dropped of at port reception facilities. It also says that port States need to ensure that there are enough port reception facilities throughout the area to help with convenience. In 2009, IMO created Guide to the Good Practice for Port Reception Facilities Providers and Users. MEPC.1/Circ.671. This document describes the steps that need to be taken in order to effectively dispose of waste by ships at port reception facilities. Next in 2012, IMO released the MARPOL Requirements for Port Reception Facilities. This lists the requirements for port reception facilities to ensure that waste can be discharged without undue delay. It also discusses long standing lack of PRFs and under reporting. Another important step was when IMO published their Standard Format for the Advanced Notification Form for Waste Delivery to Port Reception Facilities. This document details the standard format for notification by the ship to a port facility for acceptance of shipboard waste. This form should be submitted 24 hours prior to arrival.

text:
# Port reception facilities

**Port reception facilities** are a place that international shipping ports must provide to collect residues, oily mixtures, and garbage generated from an ocean-going vessel. contaminants generated by ships cannot be discharged directly to the ocean. According to MARPOL 73/78 they must be collected by the Port reception facilities all around the world. The Port reception facility must be able to receive dirty oil and other contaminants, and also provide quick and efficient services.

In March 2006, MEPC 54 emphasized the value of reception facilities that would exceed expectations in the implementation of MARPOL, and introduced a policy of "zero tolerance of illegal discharges from ships" that could only be enforced when there were adequate reception facilities in ports. Therefore, the Committee urged all Parties to MARPOL, particularly port States, to fulfill their treaty obligations to provide reception facilities for wastes generated during the normal operation of ships.

In October 2006, MEPC 55 approved an Action Plan to help the problems faced by **port reception facilities**. This was seen as a major challenge to overcome in order to achieve full compliance with MARPOL. The Plan was introduced by the Sub-Committee on Flag State Implementation (FSI) in order to better implement MARPOL and to increase environmental consciousness among shipping.

A new plan to manage the waste must be found and ships must be encouraged to use the port reception facilities rather than to discharge waste anywhere in the ocean. As a response, the European Community adopted the Directive 2000/59/EC on **port reception facilities** with the goal of eliminating discharges of ship-generated residues into the ocean. The Directive is especially aimed at increasing the prevalence and use of **port reception facilities**, thereby securing a cleaner and more sustainable marine environment. These ideologies were previously addressed by the MARPOL 73/78 Convention in 1973, however Member States are still encountering difficulties in fully implementing the requirements.

The Port Reception Facility Database (PRFD) went online 1 March 2006, as a module of the IMO Global Integrated Shipping Information System (GISIS). The database logs data on reception facilities detailing each category of ship-generated waste.

The Annexes of MARPOL contain detailed regulations with respect to the six main groups of harmful materials: Petroleum in any form (Annex I); Noxious Liquid Substances (NLS) carried in bulk (Annex II); Harmful substances carried in packaged form (Annex III); Sewage (Annex IV); Garbage (Annex V); and Air emissions (Annex VI).

MARPOL states that contaminants cannot be discharged into the ocean in line with the requirements stated in its annexes should be dropped of at port reception facilities. It also says that port States need to ensure that there are enough port reception facilities throughout the area to help with convenience.

In 2009, IMO created Guide to the Good Practice for Port Reception Facilities Providers and Users. MEPC.1/Circ.671. This document describes the steps that need to be taken in order to effectively dispose of waste by ships at port reception facilities.

Next in 2012, IMO released the MARPOL Requirements for Port Reception Facilities. This lists the requirements for port reception facilities to ensure that waste can be discharged without undue delay. It also discusses long standing lack of PRFs and under reporting.

Another important step was when IMO published their Standard Format for the Advanced Notification Form for Waste Delivery to Port Reception Facilities. This document details the standard format for notification by the ship to a port facility for acceptance of shipboard waste. This form should be submitted 24 hours prior to arrival.

1. "What is Port Reception Facility?". Retrieved 8 June 2015.
2. "Port Reception Facilities – Port Reception Facilities – EMSA – European Maritime Safety Agency". *www.emsa.europa.eu*. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
3. "IMO | Port Reception Facilities". *www.imo.org*. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
4. "Port Reception Facilities – Port Reception Facilities – EMSA – European Maritime Safety Agency". *www.emsa.europa.eu*. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
5. "CLIA 2012 Leadership Form" (PDF). *Emerging Environmental Issues Port Reception Facilities*. Norwegian Cruise Line. 2012. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
6. Mikelis, Nikos (22 May 2012). "MARPOL requirements for port reception facilities" (PDF). IMO. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
7. "Chronology & Search". *MAX1 Studies*. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2015.


abstract:
American Fugitive: The Truth About Hassan is a film, directed by Jean-Daniel Lafond, about an exiled American political activist named Dawud Salahuddin. Belfield has confessed to assassinating a former Iranian diplomat, who supported the shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, in 1980. Belfield unexpectedly appeared playing an exiled American political activist in the 2001 film Kandahar.
Lafond then traveled to Iran to film the documentary about him.

text:
# American Fugitive: The Truth About Hassan

***American Fugitive: The Truth About Hassan*** is a film, directed by Jean-Daniel Lafond, about an exiled American political activist named Dawud Salahuddin (also known as David Belfield and Hassan Abdulrahman). Belfield has confessed to assassinating a former Iranian diplomat, who supported the shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, in 1980.

Belfield unexpectedly appeared playing an exiled American political activist in the 2001 film *Kandahar*. Lafond then traveled to Iran to film the documentary about him.

## InfoBox

| American Fugitive: The Truth About Hassan | |
| --- | --- |
| Canadian film poster | |
| Directed by | Jean-Daniel Lafond |
| Written by | Jean-Daniel Lafond |
| Produced by | Nathalie Barton |
| Starring | Jean-Daniel Lafond
Hassan Tantai |
| Cinematography | Vahid Farouz
Alberto Feio |
| Edited by | Babalou Hamelin |
| Music by | Charles Papasoff |
| Production
company | InformAction Films |
| Distributed by | InformAction Films |
| Release date | * 22 April 2006 (2006-04-22) (Canada) |
| Running time | 75 minutes |
| Countries | Canada
Iran |
| Languages | Persian
English |