title: Pitcairnia abundans

abstract: Pitcairnia abundans is a species in the genus Pitcairnia. This species is endemic to Mexico, where it is known from the States of Oaxaca and Nayarit.

text:
# Pitcairnia abundans

***Pitcairnia abundans*** is a species in the genus *Pitcairnia*. This species is endemic to Mexico, where it is known from the States of Oaxaca and Nayarit.

## InfoBox

| *Pitcairnia abundans* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Bromeliaceae |
| Genus: | *Pitcairnia* |
| Species: | ***P. abundans*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pitcairnia abundans***<br>L.B.Sm. | |
|


title: Phylogenetic diversity

abstract:
Phylogenetic diversity is a measure of biodiversity which incorporates phylogenetic difference between species. It is defined and calculated as "the sum of the lengths of all those branches that are members of the corresponding minimum spanning path", in which 'branch' is a segment of a cladogram, and the minimum spanning path is the minimum distance between the two nodes.
This definition is distinct from earlier measures which attempted to incorporate phylogenetic diversity into conservation planning, such as the measure of 'taxic diversity' introduced by Vane-Wright, Humphries, and William. The concept of phylogenetic diversity has been rapidly adopted in conservation planning, with programs such as the Zoological Society of London's EDGE of Existence programme focused on evolutionary distinct species. Similarly, the WWF's Global 200 also includes unusual evolutionary phenomena in their criteria for selecting target ecoregions. Some studies have indicated that alpha diversity is a good proxy for phylogenetic diversity, so suggesting that term has little use, but a study in the Cape Floristic Region showed that while phylogenetic and species/genus diversity are very strongly correlated, using phylogenetic diversity led to selection of different conservation priorities than using species richness. It also demonstrated that PD led to greater preservation of 'feature diversity' than species richness alone.

text:
# Phylogenetic diversity

**Phylogenetic diversity** is a measure of biodiversity which incorporates phylogenetic difference between species. It is defined and calculated as "the sum of the lengths of all those branches that are members of the corresponding minimum spanning path", in which 'branch' is a segment of a cladogram, and the minimum spanning path is the minimum distance between the two nodes.

This definition is distinct from earlier measures which attempted to incorporate phylogenetic diversity into conservation planning, such as the measure of 'taxic diversity' introduced by Vane-Wright, Humphries, and William.

The concept of phylogenetic diversity has been rapidly adopted in conservation planning, with programs such as the Zoological Society of London's EDGE of Existence programme focused on evolutionary distinct species. Similarly, the WWF's Global 200 also includes unusual evolutionary phenomena in their criteria for selecting target ecoregions.

Some studies have indicated that alpha diversity is a good proxy for phylogenetic diversity, so suggesting that term has little use, but a study in the Cape Floristic Region showed that while phylogenetic and species/genus diversity are very strongly correlated (R2 = 0.77 and 0.96, respectively), using phylogenetic diversity led to selection of different conservation priorities than using species richness. It also demonstrated that PD led to greater preservation of 'feature diversity' than species richness alone.


title: Olcott, Bell County, Kentucky

abstract: Olcott is an unincorporated community located in Bell County, Kentucky, United States.

text:
# Olcott, Bell County, Kentucky

**Olcott** is an unincorporated community located in Bell County, Kentucky, United States.

## InfoBox

| Olcott | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| OlcottLocation within the state of KentuckyOlcottOlcott (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 36°41′9″N 83°50′1″W / 36.68583°N 83.83361°W / 36.68583; -83.83361 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Kentucky |
| County | Bell |
| Elevation | 1,283 ft (391 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| GNIS feature ID | 508741 |


title: Nancy-Université

abstract:
Nancy-Université was a French federal university which federated the three principal institutes of higher education in Nancy, Lorraine before their merger into the University of Lorraine:
  - Henri Poincaré University: natural sciences, wrapping several faculties and engineering schools;
    - École Supérieure des Sciences et Technologies de l'Ingénieur de Nancy: general engineering
    - Telecom Nancy: Computer science and engineering
  - Nancy 2 University: social sciences
  - Institut national polytechnique de Lorraine: It federates 11 engineering schools. With over 50,000 students, Nancy had the fifth largest student population in France.

text:
# Nancy-Université

**Nancy-Université** was a French federal university which federated the three principal institutes of higher education in Nancy, Lorraine before their merger into the University of Lorraine:

With over 50,000 students, Nancy had the fifth largest student population in France.

## Libraries

Nancy-Université has several academic libraries. The academic library of Nancy 2 University, opened by French president Albert Lebrun, contains around 500 000 documents, among which at least 250 000 are books, in 35 locations.

## History

The original University of Lorraine was founded in 1572 in the nearby city of Pont-à-Mousson by Charles III, duke of Lorraine, and Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine, and was then run by the Jesuits. The University was transferred to Nancy in 1768. The University of Nancy was closed by the revolutionaries in 1793, and reopened in 1864.

## Notable personnel


title: Phlegmariurus megastachyus

abstract: Phlegmariurus megastachyus is a species of firmoss found exclusively in Madagascar.

text:
# Phlegmariurus megastachyus

***Phlegmariurus megastachyus*** is a species of firmoss (genus *Huperzia*) found exclusively in Madagascar.

## InfoBox

| *Phlegmariurus megastachyus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Lycophytes |
| Class: | Lycopodiopsida |
| Order: | Lycopodiales |
| Family: | Lycopodiaceae |
| Genus: | *Phlegmariurus* |
| Species: | ***P. megastachyus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phlegmariurus megastachyus***<br>(Baker) A.R.Field & Bostock | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Huperzia megastachya* (Baker) Tardieu * *Lycopodium megastachyum* Baker * *Urostachys megastachyus* (Baker) Herter ex Nessel | |


title: Méridien (typeface)

abstract: Méridien is a serif typeface designed by Adrian Frutiger and released by Deberny & Peignot in 1957 for its phototypesetting system. Intended as a typeface suitable for text use, Méridien takes inspiration from 'Latin' or wedge-serif typefaces, with their sharp, exaggerated serifs, but in a more restrained style intended to be suitable for body text, with a wide spacing. It is one of several typefaces designed by Frutiger in this genre; his Apollo for Monotype is quite similar. Méridien was later published by Linotype, who released a digitisation in collaboration with Adobe. An updated digitisation was released under the name of "Frutiger Serif" with additional weights and condensed styles.

text:
# Méridien (typeface)

**Méridien** is a serif typeface designed by Adrian Frutiger and released by Deberny & Peignot in 1957 for its phototypesetting system.

Intended as a typeface suitable for text use, Méridien takes inspiration from 'Latin' or wedge-serif typefaces, with their sharp, exaggerated serifs, but in a more restrained style intended to be suitable for body text, with a wide spacing. It is one of several typefaces designed by Frutiger in this genre; his Apollo for Monotype is quite similar.

Méridien was later published by Linotype, who released a digitisation in collaboration with Adobe. An updated digitisation was released under the name of "Frutiger Serif" with additional weights and condensed styles.


title: Gender, Technology and Development

abstract: Gender, Technology and Development (GTD) is a double blind peer-reviewed journal that serves as a forum for exploring the linkages between gender relations, development and/or technological change. The objective of the journal is to provide a platform for original research and theorizing on the shifting meanings of gender, as it relates to advances in science and technologies and/or to social, political, economic, and cultural change. In particular, the journal is interested in addressing these in the context of transnational phenomena and engaging in dialogues that cut across geographical boundaries. It is published three times a year. The journal was founded in 1997 and until 2016 was published by SAGE Publications in association with the Gender and Development Studies program at the Asian Institute of Technology. Since 2017, the journal is published by Taylor and Francis Group, also in association with the Asian Institute of Technology. This journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

text:
# Gender, Technology and Development

***Gender, Technology and Development*** (***GTD***) is a double blind peer-reviewed journal that serves as a forum for exploring the linkages between gender relations, development and/or technological change. The objective of the journal is to provide a platform for original research and theorizing on the shifting meanings of gender, as it relates to advances in science and technologies and/or to social, political, economic, and cultural change. In particular, the journal is interested in addressing these in the context of transnational phenomena and engaging in dialogues that cut across geographical boundaries.

It is published three times a year. The journal was founded in 1997 and until 2016 was published by SAGE Publications in association with the Gender and Development Studies program at the Asian Institute of Technology. Since 2017, the journal is published by Taylor and Francis Group, also in association with the Asian Institute of Technology.

This journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

## Abstracting and indexing

*Gender, Technology and Development* is abstracted and indexed in:

1. Taylor and Francis. "Gender, Technology and Development". Retrieved 2018-03-28.
2. "AIT's 'Gender, Technology and Development' journal completes two decades of impactful work | Asian Institute of Technology". *Asian Institute of Technology*. 2018-01-25. Retrieved 2018-03-28.
3. Kusakabe, Kyoko; Doneys, Philippe; Chatterjee, Joyee S. (2017). "Looking forward, looking back: Gender, Technology and Development in a changing world". *Gender, Technology and Development*. **21** (1–2): 1–4. doi:10.1080/09718524.2017.1407069.
4. "Asian Institute of Technology | Bangkok, Thailand". *Asian Institute of Technology*. Retrieved 2018-03-28.

## InfoBox

*Gender, Technology and Development*
| Discipline | Gender Studies |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Rebecca J Elmhirst, Yukari Sawada and Evelyn F. Wamboye |
| Publication details | |
| History | 1997-2016 (SAGE), 2017-present (T&F) |
| Publisher | Taylor and Francis (UK) |
| Frequency | Tri-annually |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Gend. Technol. Dev.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 0971-8524 (print)
0973-0656 (web)
 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Ganeswarpur

abstract: Ganeswarpur is an Indian village. The village falls under the Gop block of Puri District. It was founded before 1500 AD by Puri Gajapati Prataprudra Deva.

text:
# Ganeswarpur

**Ganeswarpur** is an Indian village. The village falls under the Gop block of Puri District. It was founded before 1500 AD by Puri Gajapati Prataprudra Deva.

## Name

It is believed that, the village was settled after the famous Kanchi Vijay of Puri Gajapati Maharaja Sri Purushottama Deva. The village took his minister's name, Ganeswara Deva, in honor of him.

## Location

Ganeswarpur is a well known village of the famous Puri district of Odisha. It is situated between 19° 97' North Latitude 86° 01' Longitude and at an altitude of 5 fits above sea level. It is 30 km far from Puri town and 50 km from the state capital Bhubaneswar.Konark Sun Temple is just 13 kilometers from this place. The village is stretched from East to West. The east and north side of the village is surrounded by river Kushabhadra. On the south side by village Subarnapur and on the west by village Sankharia.

## History

It was founded before 1500 AD by Puri Gajapati Prataprudra Dev. At the very beginning Brahmins were brought from different places of Odisha to settle the village. The Brahmins whose heirs are since the beginning of the village are Panigrahis, Nandas, Dashs, Mohapatras, Badapandas, Hotas and Mishras. From the beginning, Lord Jagannath is being worshiped as Lord Gopaljeu in the village. It is heard for Lord Gopaljiu, these Brahmins were brought for different purposes. From some old sources it is believed that a long before the village was stretched from North to south. But due to frequent change in direction of river khusbhadra the village changed to its present form. This can be verified by 2 ponds. "Naara gadia" and "Bena gadia" which refers that queen is used to wash her hairs in these ponds. Some under ground wells n old pots also found in these areas while digging.

## Culture and tradition

There are 3 main temples in the village.

Manchanath Mandir (Lord Shiva). Gopaljiu Mandir.(Lord Jagannath) Grama Devati.

There are some more temples in the village. These are Lokanath Mandir. Thakurani Mandir. People observe festivals through the whole year. The famous festivals are Dola Purnima, Holi, Kartik Purnima, Raksha Bandhan, Margasir masa gurubar, Ganesh Chaturthi, Sheetal Sasthi, Ratha Yatra, Snana purnima, naga yatra and many more festivals. People are god fearing as well as god loving. Dola Purnima is most celebrated festival. It is celebrated for 6 days. 3 days before and 2 days after. Before 3 days to Dola Purnima Lord Gopaljeu is offered "bhoga"/"prasada" at every person's door. The Lord moves on a chariot accompanied by dholak, sahanai n traditional Ghanta. Bhoga is mostly "ukhuda","khai" and "Chudaghasa". Half of the village celebrates festival on Dola purnima but other half celebrates the next day i.e. on Holi. Holi is widely enjoyed by the villagers with an ending ceremony that is dancing crazily. In the evening all the villagers gathered near Gopaljeu temple because of Melana and cultural festival. The next day is really interesting. This day is called as "*Nagagata*". It is an old tradition originated from Puri. But the Ganeswarpur Nagas are quite different from that of puri. They are quite big in size and very aggressive. Apart from Dola Purnima villagers celebrate Ganesh Puja and Rama Nabami grandly with Bhajan sandhya, Parayana and Pala. Dushera is also celebrated grandly in Panigrahi family. They offer "Upana" to Goddess Durga.

## Geography and climate

Total area of the village almost 1 square km. Total population of the village is almost 1800. The village has a tropical climate, specifically a tropical wet and dry climate. The average temperatures range between a minimum of around 15 °C in the winter to a maximum of 35 °C to 40 °C in summer. Sudden afternoon thunderstorms are common in April and May. The south-west monsoons appear in June. The average annual rainfall is 154 cm, most of which is recorded between June and October.

## Educational institutions and offices

There is an Anganbadi for kids, a Nodal school from class 1 to class 7, a girls' high school from class 6 to class 10, a high school from class 8 to class 10 and an ITI college. Most villagers are well educated. There is a panchayat office in the village. An R.I. office, a post office and a co-operative society office are also in the village.

## About

The people of the village is from different castes. There are many sahis in the village. They are Mishra sahi, Dash sahi, Panigraghi sahi, Nanda Sahi, Bania sahi, Hata Sahi, Pradhan Sahi, Natha sahi, Baida sahi, Pana sahi, behera sahi, Sitha sahi and Bhoi sahi. The people who lives in the village depends mainly on cultivation. Most of the educated are serving as teachers, lecturers, IT professionals, managers, researchers, businessmen and government employees. Some are job holders. some of the people are settled in other parts of the country as well as in other parts of the Globe. Marriages, Brataghara are a socially means of communication where all helps each other. Village Kotha and Grama Sabha maintains the harmony and all the disputes of the village. Senior citizens are mostly respected. The village has a village market called Ganeswarpur Bazar which constitutes shops by the inhabitants of the village. Village is divided into some wards. Every ward has a ward member who are elected by the respective ward and works for the people of the same. People have different views on politics. They choose their candidate independently.

## Communication

It is connected to Puri, Nimapara, Bhubaneswar, Konark and Cuttack. It is connected by bus. But villagers prefer bus with their own vehicle.

## Temples of the village

* Gopal Jew Mandir
* Jageswaree Mandir
* Lokanath Mandir
* Manchanath Mandir

### Nearby tourist spots

## InfoBox

| Ganeswarpur | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| GaneswarpurLocation in Odisha, India | |
| Coordinates: 19°58′N 86°01′E / 19.97°N 86.01°E / 19.97; 86.01 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Odisha |
| District | Puri |
| Population | |
| Total | 1,800 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Odia |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 752110 |
| Telephone code | 06758 |
| Vehicle registration | OD-13 |
| Nearest city | Puri |
| Sex ratio | 60% male 40% female / |
| Literacy | 90% |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Jagatsinghpur |
| Vidhan Sabha constituency | Nimapara |


title: Sean Murray (Gaelic footballer)

abstract: Sean Murray is a Gaelic footballer who plays for the St Brigid's club and for the Dublin county team. He won the Leinster Senior Football Championship and the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship in 2011 as a squad member with Dublin. He won the 2011 Dublin Senior Football Championship with his club St Brigid's.

text:
# Sean Murray (Gaelic footballer)

**Sean Murray** is a Gaelic footballer who plays for the St Brigid's club and for the Dublin county team. He won the Leinster Senior Football Championship and the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship in 2011 as a squad member with Dublin. He won the 2011 Dublin Senior Football Championship with his club St Brigid's.

## InfoBox

Seán Murray
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sport | Gaelic football | | |
| Position | Full Back | | |
| Born | Dublin, Ireland | | |
| Nickname | Murray | | |
| Club(s) | | | |
| Years | **Club** | | |
|  | St Brigid's | | |
| Club titles | | | |
| Dublin titles | 1 | | |
| Inter-county(ies) | | | |
| Years | **County** | | |
| 2010– | Dublin | | |
| Inter-county titles | | | |
| Leinster titles | 1 | | |
| All-Irelands | 1 | | |


abstract: In molecular phylogenetics, relationships among individuals are determined using character traits, such as DNA, RNA or protein, which may be obtained using a variety of sequencing technologies. High-throughput next-generation sequencing has become a popular technique in transcriptomics, which represent a snapshot of gene expression. In eukaryotes, making phylogenetic inferences using RNA is complicated by alternative splicing, which produces multiple transcripts from a single gene. As such, a variety of approaches may be used to improve phylogenetic inference using transcriptomic data obtained from RNA-Seq and processed using computational phylogenetics.

text:
# Phylogenetic inference using transcriptomic data

In molecular phylogenetics, relationships among individuals are determined using character traits, such as DNA, RNA or protein, which may be obtained using a variety of sequencing technologies. High-throughput next-generation sequencing has become a popular technique in transcriptomics, which represent a snapshot of gene expression. In eukaryotes, making phylogenetic inferences using RNA is complicated by alternative splicing, which produces multiple transcripts from a single gene. As such, a variety of approaches may be used to improve **phylogenetic inference using transcriptomic data** obtained from RNA-Seq and processed using computational phylogenetics.

## Sequence acquisition

There have been several transcriptomics technologies used to gather sequence information on transcriptomes. However the most widely used is RNA-Seq.

### RNA-Seq

RNA reads may be obtained using a variety of RNA-seq methods.

### Public databases

There are a number of public databases that contain freely available RNA-Seq data.

## Assembly

### Sequence assembly

RNA-Seq data may be directly assembled into transcripts using sequence assembly. Two main categories of sequence assembly are often distinguished:

1. *de novo* transcriptome assembly \- especially important when a reference genome is not available for a given species.
2. Genome-guided assembly (sometimes mapping or reference-guided assembly) - is capable of using a pre-existing reference to guide the assembly of transcripts

Both methods attempt to generate biologically representative isoform-level constructs from RNA-seq data and generally attempt to associate isoforms with a gene-level construct. However, proper identification of gene-level constructs may be complicated by recent duplications, paralogs, alternative splicing or gene fusions. These complications may also cause downstream issues during ortholog inference. When selecting or generating sequence data, it is also vital to consider the tissue type, developmental stage and environmental conditions of the organisms. Since the transcriptome represents a snapshot of gene expression, minor changes to these conditions may significantly affect which transcripts are expressed. This may detrimentally affect downstream ortholog detection.

### Public databases

RNA may also be acquired from public databases, such as GenBank, RefSeq, 1000 Plants (1KP) and 1KITE. Public databases potentially offer curated sequences which can improve inference quality and avoid the computational overhead associated with sequence assembly.

## Inferring gene pair orthology/paralogy

### Approaches

Orthology or paralogy inference requires an assessment of sequence homology, usually via sequence alignment. Phylogenetic analyses and sequence alignment are often considered jointly, as phylogenetic analyses using DNA or RNA require sequence alignment and alignments themselves often represent some hypothesis of homology. As proper ortholog identification is pivotal to phylogenetic analyses, there are a variety of methods available to infer orthologs and paralogs.

These methods are generally distinguished as either graph-based algorithms or tree-based algorithms. Some examples of graph-based methods include InParanoid, MultiParanoid, OrthoMCL, HomoloGene and OMA. Tree-based algorithms include programs such as OrthologID or RIO.

A variety of BLAST methods are often used to detect orthologs between species as a part of graph-based algorithms, such as MegaBLAST, BLASTALL, or other forms of all-versus-all BLAST and may be nucleotide\- or protein-based alignments. RevTrans will even use protein data to inform DNA alignments, which can be beneficial for resolving more distant phylogenetic relationships. These approaches often assume that best-reciprocal-hits passing some threshold metric(s), such as identity, E-value, or percent alignment, represent orthologs and may be confounded by incomplete lineage sorting.

### Databases and tools

It is important to note that orthology relationships in public databases typically represent gene-level orthology and do not provide information concerning conserved alternative splice variants.

Databases that contain and/or detect orthologous relationships include:

## Multiple sequence alignment

As eukaryotic transcription is a complex process by which multiple transcripts may be generated from a single gene through alternative splicing with variable expression, the utilization of RNA is more complicated than DNA. However, transcriptomes are cheaper to sequence than complete genomes and may be obtained without the use of a pre-existing reference genome.

It is not uncommon to translate RNA sequence into protein sequence when using transcriptomic data, especially when analyzing highly diverged taxa. This is an intuitive step as many (but not all) transcripts are expected to code for protein isoforms. Potential benefits include the reduction of mutational biases and a reduced number of characters, which may speed analyses. However, this reduction in characters may also result in the loss of potentially informative characters.

There are a number of tools available for multiple sequence alignment. All of which possess their own strengths and weaknesses and may be specialized for distinct sequence types (DNA, RNA or protein). As such, a splice-aware aligner may be ideal for aligning RNA sequences, whereas an aligner that considers protein structure or residue substitution rates may be preferable for translated RNA sequence data.

## Opportunities and limitations

Using RNA for phylogenetic analysis comes with its own unique set of strengths and weaknesses.

### Advantages

### Disadvantages

* expenses of extensive taxon sampling
* difficulty in identification of full-length, single-copy transcripts and orthologs
* potential misassembly of transcripts (especially when duplicates are present)
* missing data as a product of the transcriptome representing a snapshot of expression or incomplete lineage sorting


title: Olifantsvlei Nature Reserve

abstract: The Olifantsvlei Nature Reserve is a large section of protected land in Johannesburg South. It was designated in 1957 in an area of 2,043.27 hectares. A wetland, part of the Klip River, runs along its southern border. The reserve lies adjacent to Lenasia, alongside the R554. The Golden Highway (R553) and N1 roads vertically divide it into three parts. On its northern border, it lies beneath the towns of Eldorado Park, Nancefield, Devland and Naturena. It contains the Olifantsvlei Cemetery, Johannesburg Water's Olifantsvlei Wastewater Treatment Works and Bushkoppies Wastewater Treatment Works. Nearby is the Klipriviersberg Nature Reserve.

text:
# Olifantsvlei Nature Reserve

The **Olifantsvlei Nature Reserve** is a large section of protected land in Johannesburg South. It was designated in 1957 in an area of 2,043.27 hectares (5,049.0 acres). A wetland, part of the Klip River, runs along its southern border. The reserve lies adjacent to Lenasia, alongside the R554. The Golden Highway (R553) and N1 roads vertically divide it into three parts. On its northern border, it lies beneath the towns of Eldorado Park, Nancefield, Devland and Naturena (from west to east). It contains the Olifantsvlei Cemetery, Johannesburg Water's Olifantsvlei Wastewater Treatment Works and Bushkoppies Wastewater Treatment Works. Nearby is the Klipriviersberg Nature Reserve.

## Biodiversity

The marshland, mainly consisting of Phragmites reed beds host a number of species:

### Birds

### Mammals

## InfoBox

| Olifantsvlei Nature Reserve | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Johannesburg South |
| Nearest city | Johannesburg |
| Coordinates | 26°19′11″S 27°55′03″E / 26.31972°S 27.91750°E / -26.31972; 27.91750 |
| Area | 2,043.27 hectares (5,049.0 acres) |
| Created | 1957 |
| Operator | City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality |
| Olifantsvlei Nature Reserve (South Africa)Olifantsvlei Nature Reserve (Gauteng) | |


abstract: The Phillips County Penal Farm Historic District encompasses a former prison facility in Phillips County, Arkansas. It is located on the east side of County Road 353, south of United States Route 49, about halfway between Helena-West Helena and Marvell. The complex consists of three concrete structures, a water tower, and a concrete foundation pad. The main building is a cast concrete structure, two stories in height, with Plain Tradition and International styling, while the other two buildings are single-story concrete block structures. These, and the water tower, were built c. 1935–37 with funding from the Works Progress Administration, and served as a penal facility until 1973. The property is now vacant and abandoned. The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

text:
# Phillips County Penal Farm Historic District

The **Phillips County Penal Farm Historic District** encompasses a former prison facility in Phillips County, Arkansas. It is located on the east side of County Road 353, south of United States Route 49, about halfway between Helena-West Helena and Marvell. The complex consists of three concrete structures, a water tower, and a concrete foundation pad. The main building is a cast concrete structure, two stories in height, with Plain Tradition and International styling, while the other two buildings are single-story concrete block structures. These, and the water tower, were built c. 1935–37 with funding from the Works Progress Administration, and served as a penal facility until 1973. The property is now vacant and abandoned.

The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Phillips County Penal Farm Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location in ArkansasLocation in United States | |
| Nearest city | Poplar Grove, Arkansas |
| Coordinates | 34°33′6″N 90°48′11″W / 34.55167°N 90.80306°W / 34.55167; -90.80306 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1937 (1937) |
| Built by | Works Progress Administration |
| Architectural style | International Style |
| MPS | New Deal Recovery Efforts in Arkansas MPS |
| NRHP reference No. | 06001268 |
| Added to NRHP | January 24, 2007 |


title: Mérida flowerpiercer

abstract: The Mérida flowerpiercer is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is endemic to Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland.

text:
# Mérida flowerpiercer

The **Mérida flowerpiercer** (***Diglossa gloriosa***) is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is endemic to Venezuela.

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland.

## InfoBox

| Mérida flowerpiercer | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Thraupidae |
| Genus: | *Diglossa* |
| Species: | ***D. gloriosa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Diglossa gloriosa***
Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1871 | |
|
|  | |


title: Markus Karlsson (ice hockey)

abstract: Markus Karlsson in Falun, Sweden, is a retired Swedish professional ice hockey defenceman who played for Färjestads BK of the Elitserien.

text:
# Markus Karlsson (ice hockey)

**Markus Karlsson** (born May 3, 1988) in Falun, Sweden, is a retired Swedish professional ice hockey defenceman who played for Färjestads BK of the Elitserien.

## InfoBox

| Markus Karlsson | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born | (1988-05-03) 3 May 1988<br>Falun, Sweden | | |
| Height | 6 ft 0 in (183 cm) | | |
| Weight | 187 lb (85 kg; 13 st 5 lb) | | |
| Position | Defence | | |
| Shot | Right | | |
| Played for | Färjestads BK | | |
| NHL draft | Undrafted | | |
| Playing career | 20062014 | | |


title: Melanella dubusi

abstract: Melanella dubusi is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae.

text:
# Melanella dubusi

***Melanella dubusi*** is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae.

## InfoBox

| *Melanella dubusi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Family: | Eulimidae |
| Genus: | *Melanella* |
| Species: | ***M. dubusi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Melanella dubusi***<br>(Cossmann & Pissaro, 1902) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Eulima dubusi* Cossmann & Pissarro, 1902 | |


title: Gendenwitha

abstract: Gendenwitha is a mythological character represented by the Morning Star in Iroquois mythology. Her name means "It Brings the Day." Gendenwitha was originally a beautiful maiden who was loved by Sosondowah, a great hunter held captive as a guard by Dawn. Dawn transformed Gendenwitha into the Morning Star after Sosondowah attempted to make her his bride.

text:
# Gendenwitha

**Gendenwitha** (also spelled Gendewitha) is a mythological character represented by the Morning Star in Iroquois mythology. Her name means "It Brings the Day." Gendenwitha was originally a beautiful maiden who was loved by Sosondowah, a great hunter held captive as a guard by Dawn. Dawn transformed Gendenwitha into the Morning Star after Sosondowah attempted to make her his bride.

## Sosondowah and The Legend of Gendenwitha

Sosondowah was a greatly skilled hunter who was captured by Dawn when he pursued a Sky-Elk up into the heavens. Dawn commanded him to spend eternity guarding the door of her lodge in the sky. From his post, Sosondowah caught sight of Gendenwitha as she stood by a river, and fell in love. During Spring, Sosondowah escaped from Dawn while she was sleeping and entered the heart of a bluebird in order to visit his beloved. Gendenwitha, not knowing the true identity of the bluebird, welcomed Sosondowah as a sign of Spring. Sosondowah escaped from Dawn again during Summer, and entered the heart of a blackbird. Again he visited Gendenwitha at the river, and was greeted as a sign of Summer. During Autumn, Sosondowah escaped once more, this time in the body of a giant nighthawk. He swooped down to the river and took Gendenwitha up to the lodge in the sky to make her his bride. Dawn, angry at the defiance of Sosondowah, transformed Gendenwitha into a star and put her on Sosondowah's forehead so he "must long for her throughout all time without attaining her."


title: Gamoruna

abstract: Gamoruna was a genus of moths in the family Geometridae. It is now considered a synonym of Alex.

text:
# Gamoruna

***Gamoruna*** was a genus of moths in the family Geometridae. It is now considered a synonym of *Alex*.

* Pitkin, Brian & Jenkins, Paul. "Search results Family: Geometridae". *Butterflies and Moths of the World*. Natural History Museum, London.

## InfoBox

| *Gamoruna* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Subfamily: | Desmobathrinae |
| Genus: | ***Gamoruna*** |
|


title: Sean Na Na

abstract: Sean Na Na is the guitar pop project of Sean Tillmann. The project started as a solo outlet for Tillmann's songs that did not quite fit with his noise band Calvin Krime in 1993. Since then, the project evolved into a full band with a rotating cast of characters from all over the musical map. Tillmann's debut single under the moniker of Sean Na Na was "Two of the Same Name", released in 1998. In early 2000, Kill Rock Stars released a split EP with Mary Lou Lord and his full-length debut album Dance 'Til Your Baby Is a Man. He released My Majesty in 2002. The band released their third album, Family Trees: Or CoPe We Must, in 2007. In addition to Tillmann on vocals and guitar, Sean Na Na has always featured Lucky Jeremy on keyboards. Recent / recurring members have included Ben Webster on drums, Patrick Costello on bass, Denver Dalley on guitar and backing vocals, Adam Atom on guitar, Tony Bevilacqua on guitar, Dave Hernandez on guitar, Jeff Quinn on bass, Greg Dulli on backing vocals / organ, and Maria Taylor & Kate Taylor on vocals. Past members / Collaborators have included Nathan Grumdahl, Bryan Hanna, Chris Wilson, Dave Gatchell, Ted Leo, Jacob Sharf, Jeff Brown, Busy Signals, and Lois. Tillmann was a co-founder and the singer/songwriter for the mid-1990s punk band Calvin Krime.

text:
# Sean Na Na

**Sean Na Na** is the guitar pop project of Sean Tillmann (who also performs as Har Mar Superstar). The project started as a solo outlet for Tillmann's songs that did not quite fit with his noise band Calvin Krime in 1993. Since then, the project evolved into a full band with a rotating cast of characters from all over the musical map. Tillmann's debut single under the moniker of Sean Na Na was "Two of the Same Name", released in 1998. In early 2000, Kill Rock Stars released a split EP with Mary Lou Lord and his full-length debut album *Dance 'Til Your Baby Is a Man*. He released *My Majesty* in 2002. The band released their third album, *Family Trees: Or CoPe We Must*, in 2007.

In addition to Tillmann on vocals and guitar, Sean Na Na has always featured Lucky Jeremy (Jeremy Allen) on keyboards. Recent / recurring members have included Ben Webster on drums, Patrick Costello on bass, Denver Dalley on guitar and backing vocals, Adam Atom on guitar, Tony Bevilacqua on guitar, Dave Hernandez on guitar, Jeff Quinn on bass, Greg Dulli on backing vocals / organ, and Maria Taylor & Kate Taylor on vocals. Past members / Collaborators have included Nathan Grumdahl, Bryan Hanna, Chris Wilson, Dave Gatchell, Ted Leo, Jacob Sharf, Jeff Brown, Busy Signals, and Lois.

Tillmann was a co-founder and the singer/songwriter for the mid-1990s punk band Calvin Krime.

## Discography

### Albums

### EPs and singles

## InfoBox

| Sean Na Na | |
| --- | --- |
| Sean Na Na, 2006 | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Saint Paul, Minnesota, U.S. |
| Genres | Indie rock |
| Years active | 1993–present |
| Labels | Troubleman Unlimited, Kill Rock Stars, French Kiss (current), Dim Mak Records (former) |
|  | |
| Website | seannana.com |


title: Phosphoproteomics

abstract: Phosphoproteomics is a branch of proteomics that identifies, catalogs, and characterizes proteins containing a phosphate group as a posttranslational modification. Phosphorylation is a key reversible modification that regulates protein function, subcellular localization, complex formation, degradation of proteins and therefore cell signaling networks. With all of these modification results, it is estimated that between 30–65% of all proteins may be phosphorylated, some multiple times. Based on statistical estimates from many datasets, 230,000, 156,000 and 40,000 phosphorylation sites should exist in human, mouse, and yeast, respectively. Compared to expression analysis, phosphoproteomics provides two additional layers of information. First, it provides clues on what protein or pathway might be activated because a change in phosphorylation status almost always reflects a change in protein activity. Second, it indicates what proteins might be potential drug targets as exemplified by the kinase inhibitor Gleevec. While phosphoproteomics will greatly expand knowledge about the numbers and types of phosphoproteins, its greatest promise is the rapid analysis of entire phosphorylation based signalling networks.

text:
# Phosphoproteomics

**Phosphoproteomics** is a branch of proteomics that identifies, catalogs, and characterizes proteins containing a phosphate group as a posttranslational modification. Phosphorylation is a key reversible modification that regulates protein function, subcellular localization, complex formation, degradation of proteins and therefore cell signaling networks. With all of these modification results, it is estimated that between 30–65% of all proteins may be phosphorylated, some multiple times. Based on statistical estimates from many datasets, 230,000, 156,000 and 40,000 phosphorylation sites should exist in human, mouse, and yeast, respectively.

Compared to expression analysis, phosphoproteomics provides two additional layers of information. First, it provides clues on what protein or pathway might be activated because a change in phosphorylation status almost always reflects a change in protein activity. Second, it indicates what proteins might be potential drug targets as exemplified by the kinase inhibitor Gleevec. While phosphoproteomics will greatly expand knowledge about the numbers and types of phosphoproteins, its greatest promise is the rapid analysis of entire phosphorylation based signalling networks.

## Overview

A sample large-scale phosphoproteomic analysis includes cultured cells undergo SILAC encoding; cells are stimulated with factor of interest (e.g. growth factor, hormone); stimulation can occur for various lengths of time for temporal analysis, cells are lysed and enzymatically digested, peptides are separated using ion exchange chromatography; phosphopeptides are enriched using phosphospecific antibodies, immobilized metal affinity chromatography or titanium dioxide (TiO2) chromatography; phosphopeptides are analyzed using mass spectrometry, and peptides are sequenced and analyzed.

## Tools and methods

The analysis of the entire complement of phosphorylated proteins in a cell is certainly a feasible option. This is due to the optimization of enrichment protocols for phosphoproteins and phosphopeptides, better fractionation techniques using chromatography, and improvement of methods to selectively visualize phosphorylated residues using mass spectrometry. Although the current procedures for phosphoproteomic analysis are greatly improved, there is still sample loss and inconsistencies with regards to sample preparation, enrichment, and instrumentation. Bioinformatics tools and biological sequence databases are also necessary for high-throughput phosphoproteomic studies.

### Enrichment strategies

Previous procedures to isolate phosphorylated proteins included radioactive labeling with 32P-labeled ATP followed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or thin layer chromatography. These traditional methods are inefficient because it is impossible to obtain large amounts of proteins required for phosphorylation analysis. Therefore, the current and simplest methods to enrich phosphoproteins are affinity purification using phosphospecific antibodies, immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC), strong cation exchange (SCX) chromatography, or titanium dioxide chromatography. Antiphosphotyrosine antibodies have been proven very successful in purification, but fewer reports have been published using antibodies against phosphoserine- or phosphothreonine-containing proteins. IMAC enrichment is based on phosphate affinity for immobilized metal chelated to the resin. SCX separates phosphorylated from non-phosphorylated peptides based on the negatively charged phosphate group. Titanium dioxide chromatography is a newer technique that requires significantly less column preparation time. Many phosphoproteomic studies use a combination of these enrichment strategies to obtain the purest sample possible.

### Mass spectrometry analysis

Mass spectrometry is currently the best method to adequately compare pairs of protein samples. The two main procedures to perform this task are using isotope-coded affinity tags (ICAT) and stable isotopic amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). In the ICAT procedure samples are labeled individually after isolation with mass-coded reagents that modify cysteine residues. In SILAC, cells are cultured separately in the presence of different isotopically labeled amino acids for several cell divisions allowing cellular proteins to incorporate the label. Mass spectrometry is subsequently used to identify phosphoserine, phosphothreonine, and phosphotyrosine-containing peptides.

## Signal transduction studies

Intracellular signal transduction is primarily mediated by the reversible phosphorylation of various signalling molecules by enzymes dubbed kinases. Kinases transfer phosphate groups from ATP to specific serine, threonine or tyrosine residues of target molecules. The resultant phosphorylated protein may have altered activity level, subcellular localization or tertiary structure.

Phosphoproteomic analyses are ideal for the study of the dynamics of signalling networks. In one study design, cells are exposed to SILAC labelling and then stimulated by a specific growth factor. The cells are collected at various timepoints, and the lysates are combined for analysis by tandem MS. This allows experimenters to track the phosphorylation state of many phosphoproteins in the cell over time. The ability to measure the global phosphorylation state of many proteins at various time points makes this approach much more powerful than traditional biochemical methods for analyzing signalling network behavior.

One study was able to simultaneously measure the fold-change in phosphorylation state of 127 proteins between unstimulated and EphrinB1-stimulated cells. Of these 127 proteins, 40 showed increased phosphorylation with stimulation by EphrinB1. The researchers were able to use this information in combination with previously published data to construct a signal transduction network for the proteins downstream of the EphB2 receptor.

Another recent phosphoproteomic study included large-scale identification and quantification of phosphorylation events triggered by the anti-diuretic hormone vasopressin in kidney collecting duct. A total of 714 phosphorylation sites on 223 unique phosphoproteins were identified, including three novel phosphorylation sites in the vasopressin-sensitive water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2).

## Cancer research

Since the inception of phosphoproteomics, cancer research has focused on changes to the phosphoproteome during tumor development. Phosphoproteins could be cancer markers useful to cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. In fact, research has shown that there are distinct phosphotyrosine proteomes of breast and liver tumors. There is also evidence of hyperphosphorylation at tyrosine residues in breast tumors but not in normal tissues. Findings like these suggest that it is possible to mine the tumor phosphoproteome for potential biomarkers.

Increasing amounts of data are available suggesting that distinctive phosphoproteins exist in various tumors and that phosphorylation profiling could be used to fingerprint cancers from different origins. In addition, systematic cataloguing of tumor-specific phosphoproteins in individual patients could reveal multiple causative players during cancer formation. By correlating this experimental data to clinical data such as drug response and disease outcome, potential cancer markers could be identified for diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of drug response, and potential drug targets.

## Limitations

While phosphoproteomics has greatly expanded knowledge about the numbers and types of phosphoproteins, along with their role in signaling networks, there are still several limitations to these techniques. To begin with, isolation methods such as anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies do not distinguish between isolating tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins and proteins associated with tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins. Therefore, even though phosphorylation dependent protein-protein interactions are very important, it is important to remember that a protein detected by this method is not necessarily a direct substrate of any tyrosine kinase. Only by digesting the samples before immunoprecipitation can isolation of only phosphoproteins and temporal profiles of individual phosphorylation sites be produced. Another limitation is that some relevant proteins will likely be missed since no extraction condition is all encompassing. It is possible that proteins with low stoichiometry of phosphorylation, in very low abundance, or phosphorylated as a target for rapid degradation will be lost. Bioinformatics analyses of low-throughput phosphorylation data together with high-throughput phosphoproteomics data (based mostly on MS/MS) estimate that current high-throughput protocols, after several repetitions are capable of capturing 70% to 95% of total phosphoproteins, but only 40% to 60% of total phosphorylation sites.


title: Olga Bardel

abstract: Olga Bardel is a 1916 debut novel by the English author Stacy Aumonier, first published in the United Kingdom by Methuen & Co and in the United States by The Century Co. The novel is a study of the artistic temperament, and follows the life and development of the title character as she develops from a precocious musical child from the London slums, to an infant prodigy, to a troubled professional concert pianist.

text:
# Olga Bardel

***Olga Bardel*** is a 1916 debut novel by the English author Stacy Aumonier, first published in the United Kingdom by Methuen & Co and in the United States by The Century Co. The novel is a study of the artistic temperament, and follows the life and development of the title character as she develops from a precocious musical child from the London slums, to an infant prodigy, to a troubled professional concert pianist.

## Plot

The novel opens with a prologue recounting a chance meeting after a space of many years between the narrator, a writer, and John Braille, a successful painter famed for his technically accomplished but showy portraits of rich patrons. Braille has recently exhibited a new portrait demonstrating a complete change of artistic direction. "The Mother" is a superbly sensitive and nuanced portrayal of a woman in a grey dress leaning on a grand piano and looking at her khaki-clad son as he stands before her ready to answer the call of war. The narrator, deeply moved by the painting, asks if he could set down the story of the woman depicted, whom he recognises as Olga Bardel.

Born into extreme poverty in Canning Town, a slum area of London, Olga's early years as an orphan were spent trying to escape punishment at the hands of her much older drunken and sometimes violent siblings, and in attempting to avoid the notice of her terrifying and controlling Uncle Grubhofer, a wire spring dealer who owns their lodgings. Her early interest in music develops when she secretly creeps into Uncle Grubhofer's room to play with the metal springs he keeps as part of his stock in trade.

Recognising the child's innate musical ability, a schoolteacher who also rents rooms from Grubhofer provides her with piano lessons. Quickly outstripping her teacher, Olga finds herself being forced by her uncle to make money for him by playing popular piano tunes at a local fairground, and then being marketed as "Olga Barjelski" – a child prodigy of the concert platform – by a syndicate in which he owns shares. Unable to endure the syndicate's complete control over her life, Olga runs away and throws herself on the mercy of Mrs Fittleworth, a wealthy American widow. She lives happily with her for some years.

At a house party, Olga is introduced to the artist John Braille, with whom she makes an instant connection. But then she meets and falls passionately in love with Harry Streatham, a composer, whom she ultimately marries. Harry, however, is not a good match: he stifles her creativity and disapproves of her performing career. Braille offers to paint her portrait, but the creative emotional strain is too much for him and he goes abroad, leaving no address.

Harry and Olga divorce, leaving Olga with two young sons to bring up alone. She cannot get Braille out of her mind, but is unable to find him. Eventually, realising that she will never be able to afford to educate the boys on her own she agrees to marry the middle-aged Sir Philip Ballater, a cultured museum director on whom she has already been forced to rely financially. As Lady Ballater, she spends several years hating the social round of events that she has to attend. She plays her piano only to friends, in private.

Braille returns to England, unaware of Olga's divorce and re-marriage. The pair arrange a brief evening assignation in the park, and agree to run away together – though by the next morning both have had second thoughts. Then, Sir Philip unexpectedly dies.

The novel concludes with an epilogue in which Braille fills in the remainder of Olga's story for the narrator. Olga's elder son Richard signs up with the War Office, although still under age at seventeen. Braille is there to observe mother and son's final parting as Richard in his khaki uniform goes off to war. He realises that he and his art will never be the same again. Olga and Braille embrace.

## Background

The heroine's occupation of concert pianist may reflect the fact that Aumonier was himself married to a well-known concert pianist, Gertrude Peppercorn.

## Critical reception

*Olga Bardel* was well received by *The Weekly Freeman* which called it a striking first novel and likely book of the year that brings Aumonier "at a bound into quite the first rank of novelists." The author was praised for his rare narrative power, broad sympathy and bold – sometimes over-bold – vividness of description.

*The Bystander* found it hard to believe that the book was a first novel, calling it wholly admirable: a very good story well told, with the sure and deft touch of an old hand.

*The Bookman* (New York) noted that the plot of what might easily have been a sensational story, "is rescued and dignified by a genuine and unforced characterisation, in the light of which the action is seen to proceed simply and inevitably."

Taking a rather lukewarm view, The *Liverpool Daily Post* considered the novel not sufficiently distinctive in subject or style to enthuse over, while conceding the story to be carefully told and interesting.

In a review article for *The Sphere,* S. P. B. Mais placed the novel within the contemporary tradition of Georgian fiction, drawing attention in particular to Olga's artistic creed that "One must always be able to look at life like a child – keep on recreating, keeping oneself susceptible to impressions, lest one gets atrophied, satisfied. There is nothing rotten except – being satisfied." Another reviewer in *The Sphere* argued on the basis of this novel and his other writings that Aumonier's real strength was not so much in the development of a good central plot, but rather his faculty for creating interesting characters and his gift of penetrating characterisation.

## InfoBox

Olga Bardel
| US first edition 1916 | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Stacy Aumonier |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Bildungsroman |
| Published | 1916 |
| Publisher | Methuen & Co (UK) <br>The Century Co. (US) |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Pages | 311 (UK) |


title: Phyllonorycter acutissimae

abstract: Phyllonorycter acutissimae is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Japan and Korea. The larvae feed on Castanea crenata, Quercus acutissima, Quercus aliena, Quercus crispula, Quercus mongolica, Quercus serrata and Quercus variabilis. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

text:
# Phyllonorycter acutissimae

***Phyllonorycter acutissimae*** is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Japan (the islands of Hokkaidō, Honshū, Kyūshū and Shikoku) and Korea.

The larvae feed on *Castanea crenata*, *Quercus acutissima*, *Quercus aliena*, *Quercus crispula*, *Quercus mongolica*, *Quercus serrata* and *Quercus variabilis*. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

## InfoBox

| *Phyllonorycter acutissimae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gracillariidae |
| Genus: | *Phyllonorycter* |
| Species: | ***P. acutissimae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phyllonorycter acutissimae***<br>(Kumata, 1963) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Lithocolletis acutissimae* Kumata, 1963 | |


title: NETDATA

abstract: NETDATA is a file format used primarily for data transfer and storage on IBM mainframe systems, although implementations are available for other systems.

text:
# NETDATA

**NETDATA** is a file format used primarily for data transfer and storage on IBM mainframe systems, although implementations are available for other systems.

## Description

NETDATA files are 80-byte card image files containing unloaded file data plus metadata to allow the original file to be reconstituted on the receiving system. A complete NETDATA file consists of a number of *control records*, followed by *data records* and terminated by a *trailer record*. All records have the same format:

* A one-byte length field containing the length of a logical *segment* of the file. A segment has a maximum length of 255 bytes. With the length and flags a segment can contain up to 253 bytes of data.
* A one-byte *flags* field describing this segment:
    + X'80' - this is the first segment of a record
    + X'40' - this is the last segment of a record. If the record requires only one segment the flags will contain X'C0'
    + X'20' - this segment is part of a control record
    + X'10' - this segment contains the record number of the next record
    + X'0F' - reserved

### Control records

Control records have a six-character EBCDIC identifier in bytes 2-7 following the length and flags. They contain a number of self-defining fields, called *text units*. Each text unit consists of a two byte *text unit key* identifying this text unit, a two-byte big-endian binary number of length-data pairs that follow for this key (usually one), a two byte length field identifying the length of the text unit data, and a text unit of the specified length. Implementations are expected to ignore any text unit information not relevant to the receiving system.

**Header Control Record**
The header record must be the first record of a NETDATA file. It has the identifier "INMR01". It contains information identifying the sender: node (host), timestamp, and user id, the length of the control record segments, and the target (receiving) node and user id. It may optionally contain a request for acknowledgement of receipt, the version number of the data format, the number of files in the transmission, and a "user parameter string." CMS allows only one file per transmission, but TSO/E and other systems may allow more than one.

**File Utility Control Record**
This record describes how the file's data is to be reconstituted. Its identifier is "INMR02". Bytes 8-11 contain the big-endian binary number of the file to which this record applies. If there are multiple files in a transmission they are numbered starting with one. The rest of this record describes the file's format, and one or more steps ("utility programs") which must be executed in order to rebuild this file. The text units identify the file's organization (INMDSORG: sequential, partitioned, etc.), its fixed of maximum record length (INMLRECL), its record format (INMRECFM: fixed, variable, etc) the approximate size of the file (IBMSIZE), and the utility program name(s) (INMUTILN). It may also contain the file's block size, creation date, number of directory blocks, name, expiration date, file mode number, last change date, last reference date, member name list (for partitioned datasets), a note file, and a user parameter string.

**Data Control Record**
The Data Control Record immediately precedes the data and describes its format, similar to the Utility Control Record. Its identifier is "INMR03". This record is ignored by CMS, but is used by TSO/E. It contains the file's organization (INMDSORG), its record length (INMLRECL), its record format (INMRECFM), and the file size (IBMSIZE).

**User Control Record**
The User Control record can appear at any point in the data stream. Its identifier is "INMR04". If present it is ignored by CMS, but may be used by other systems. It contains only a User Parameter String (INMUSERP).

**Trailer Control Record**
This record marks the end of the file. Its identifier is "INMR06". No other data is defined for this record.

**Acknowledgement Control Record**
This record has an id of "INMR07". It is used by the receiving system to acknowledge receipt of a transmission. It contains one of the text units File Name (INMDSNM) or Note File (INMTERM) plus, optionally, the Origin Time Stamp (INMFTIME).

A note file (sometimes called a "PROFS note") "is a short communication, the kind usually done by letter.".

### Data records

Data records (identified by their flag value), follow the Data Control Record, if present, and precede the Trailer Control Record. Records can be any size up to INMLRECL. They are sent as multiple segments of up to 253 bytes, split into 80 byte records for transmission, and reassembled by the receiver. Settings of the flags byte in each record mark the beginning, end, or a complete record of the file. Bytes of a record can contain any bit pattern. No character values are reserved.


title: Mario Titi

abstract: Mario Titi (1921-1982) was a painter of the Roman and Castelli Romani artistic scene of the 20th century; his works are shown in churches and museums of the Lazio, and all over the world. The artist frequented from a young age the academy of Belle Arti of Rome, sticking to the futurist movement. He was a follower of Tato and then of Pippo Rizzo. In the Vernissage of Rome, Naples and Frascati he exposed for the first time works with a new technique, the "Drip painting" exploited by Jackson Pollock, soon becoming the Italian leader of the style. He continued with the Vernissage in Paris, New York, Munich, Milan, Madrid and other cities of the world. In the 1970s he produced 120 "castings" inspired by the epic poem The Divine Comedy.

text:
# Mario Titi

**Mario Titi** (1921-1982) was a painter of the Roman and Castelli Romani artistic scene of the 20th century; his works are shown in churches and museums of the Lazio, and all over the world. The artist frequented from a young age the academy of Belle Arti of Rome, sticking to the futurist movement. He was a follower of Tato (Guglielmo Sansoni) and then of Pippo Rizzo. In the Vernissage of Rome, Naples and Frascati he exposed for the first time works with a new technique, the "Drip painting" exploited by Jackson Pollock, soon becoming the Italian leader of the style.

He continued with the Vernissage in Paris, New York, Munich, Milan, Madrid and other cities of the world. In the 1970s he produced 120 "castings" inspired by the epic poem The *Divine Comedy*.

## InfoBox

| Mario Titi | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Mario Titi
1921
Frascati |
| Died | 1982
Frascati |
| Nationality | Italian |
| Known for | Painting |
| Movement | Futurism |


title: Melanella cylindrica

abstract: Melanella cylindrica is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae. The species is one of a number within the genus Melanella.

text:
# Melanella cylindrica

***Melanella cylindrica*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae. The species is one of a number within the genus *Melanella*.

* Thiele J. (1925). Gastropoden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. II Teil. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer "Valdivia" 1898-1899. 17(2): 35-382, pls 13-46 \[reprints paginated 1–348, pls 1–34\].

page(s): 143, pl. 24 \[12\] fig. 15, 15a

## InfoBox

| *Melanella cylindrica* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Family: | Eulimidae |
| Genus: | *Melanella* |
| Species: | ***M. cylindrica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Melanella cylindrica***<br>(Thiele, 1925) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Eulima cylindrica* Thiele, 1925 | |


title: Geneviève McKenzie-Sioui

abstract: Geneviève McKenzie-Sioui, sometimes performing under the name Shanipiap, is an Innu musician, writer, television creator, and activist in Quebec. Born in Matimekosh in 1956, she later relocated to Wendake. She is a singer-songwriter in the Innu language, and an author in both Innu and in French, has been the producer/director/presenter of her own children's television program on Aboriginal Peoples Television Network and TFO, and has recently been active in the Idle No More movement.

text:
# Geneviève McKenzie-Sioui

**Geneviève McKenzie-Sioui**, sometimes performing under the name **Shanipiap**, is an Innu musician, writer, television creator, and activist in Quebec. Born in Matimekosh in 1956, she later relocated to Wendake. She is a singer-songwriter in the Innu language, and an author in both Innu and in French, has been the producer/director/presenter of her own children's television program on Aboriginal Peoples Television Network and TFO, and has recently been active in the Idle No More movement.

## InfoBox

| Geneviève McKenzie-Sioui | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Also known as | Shanipiap |
| Born | 1956 |
| Genres | Innu music |
| Instrument | drum |
|  | |
| Website | shanipiap.tv |


title: Gary Bennett (educator)

abstract: Gary G. Bennett Jr. is the Bishop-MacDermott Family Professor of Psychology & Neuroscience, Global Health and Medicine at Duke University. In November 2022, he was appointed Dean of Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, effective February 2023.

text:
# Gary Bennett (educator)

**Gary G. Bennett Jr.** is the Bishop-MacDermott Family Professor of Psychology & Neuroscience, Global Health and Medicine at Duke University. In November 2022, he was appointed Dean of Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, effective February 2023.

## Education and career

Bennett earned a Ph.D and MA in clinical health psychology at Duke University and a bachelor's degree from Morehouse College.

In July 2018, Bennett was appointed Vice Provost of Undergraduate Education at Duke University. He is the founding director of the Duke Global Digital Health Science Center. He co-founded Crimson Health Solutions, acquired by Health Dialog in 2007. In 2014, he co-founded Scale Down, a digital obesity treatment startup acquired by Anthem in 2017. He also founded Coeus Health, a provider of health APIs.

He is the former President of the Society of Behavioral Medicine and a fellow of the Association for Psychological Science.

Bennett developed the interactive obesity treatment approach (iOTA); and his research program designs, tests, and disseminates digital obesity treatments.

## Recognition

Bennett is a fellow of the Association for Psychological Science and is an elected member of the Academy of Behavioral Medicine Research and Behavioral Medicine Research Council.

1. "Gary Bennett Obituary". *Legacy.com*. Courier-Post (Camden, N.J.). Retrieved 22 November 2022.
2. "New Study Suggests Breakthrough Method To Help Black Women Maintain Healthy Weight". *HuffPost*. 2013-08-26. Retrieved 2022-08-09.
3. "Bennett Appointed Dean of Trinity College of Arts & Sciences". *today.duke.edu*. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
4. "Vice Provost Gary Bennett named next dean of Trinity College". *The Chronicle*. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
5. "Gary G. Bennett, PhD". *Duke Global Digital Health Science Center*. Retrieved 2022-05-11.
6. "Gary Bennett". *Duke Global Health Institute*. Retrieved 2022-05-11.
7. "Gary G. Bennett". *Bass Connections*. Retrieved 2022-07-19.
8. "Gary Bennett | Duke University". *duke.edu*. Retrieved 2022-08-08.
9. "Full Article | Society of Behavioral Medicine (SBM)". *www.sbm.org*. Retrieved 2022-07-19.
10. "Interventions for medically vulnerable patients". *www.apa.org*. Retrieved 2022-07-19.
11. Steinberg, Dori M.; Levine, Erica L.; Askew, Sandy; Foley, Perry; Bennett, Gary G. (2013-11-18). "Daily Text Messaging for Weight Control Among Racial and Ethnic Minority Women: Randomized Controlled Pilot Study". *Journal of Medical Internet Research*. **15** (11): e2844. doi:10.2196/jmir.2844. PMC 3841371. PMID 24246427.
12. "COUNCIL MEMBERS". *BMRC*. Retrieved 2022-08-09.

## InfoBox

| Gary Bennett | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Dean of Trinity College of Arts and Sciences | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
February 1, 2023 | |
| Preceded by | Valerie Sheares Ashby |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Relatives | Geoff Bennett (brother) |
| Education | Morehouse College (BA)
Duke University (MA, Ph.D) |
|  | |


title: Seascraper

abstract: A seascraper, also known as a waterscraper, is a proposed large building which will function as a floating city. It would generate its own energy through wave, wind, current, solar, etc. and produce its own food through farming, aquaculture, hydroponics, etc. The term "Seascraper" is an analogous derivative of "Skyscraper". Architect Koen Othuis of the Netherlands specializes in "amphibious" buildings, some floating and some using other systems to adapt to wet environments. In 2010 Architect Sarly Adre Sarkum of Malaysia from architecture firm SA Squared or Sarly Adre Sarkum Architecture proposed a building about the size of the Empire State Building which would float in the ocean with only the top few stories out of water. It would house thousands of people and be self-contained, growing its own food and generating its own energy. Another design concept for a mostly submerged structure is The Gyre-Seascraper, which would stretch 400 meters deep and over a kilometer across. It is designed to house over 2000 people, and be completely self-sufficient, producing its own food and electricity. It was designed by the firm Zigloo.ca, as a submission to eVolo's Skyscraper Design Competition in 2009. A seascraper concept was proposed and described by William Erwin and Dan Fletcher in the 2009 Evolo Skyscraper Competition, where they stated: "...The Seascraper is essentially a floating city, it will consist of homes, commercial space, recreation areas, and produce all of the energy necessary to support these functions. Seascrapers will be located where deep sea current is adequate for the production of power, for example, the Gulf Stream. Tethered to the hull, turbines will reach to depths ranging from 800 - 1200ft and harvest ocean currents. A flexible photovoltaic skin will also generate a large amount of energy. The concave shape of the seascraper not only allows light to penetrate to the lower levels, but collects and processes rainwater..."

text:
# Seascraper

A **seascraper**, also known as a **waterscraper**, is a proposed large building which will function as a floating city. It would generate its own energy through wave, wind, current, solar, etc. and produce its own food through farming, aquaculture, hydroponics, etc. The term "Seascraper" is an analogous derivative of "Skyscraper".

Architect Koen Othuis of the Netherlands specializes in "amphibious" buildings, some floating and some using other systems to adapt to wet environments. In 2010 Architect Sarly Adre Sarkum of Malaysia from architecture firm SA Squared or Sarly Adre Sarkum Architecture proposed a building about the size of the Empire State Building which would float in the ocean with only the top few stories out of water. It would house thousands of people and be self-contained, growing its own food and generating its own energy.

Another design concept for a mostly submerged structure is The Gyre-Seascraper, which would stretch 400 meters deep and over a kilometer across. It is designed to house over 2000 people, and be completely self-sufficient, producing its own food and electricity. It was designed by the firm Zigloo.ca, as a submission to eVolo's Skyscraper Design Competition in 2009.

A seascraper concept was proposed and described by William Erwin and Dan Fletcher in the 2009 Evolo Skyscraper Competition, where they stated:

> "...The Seascraper is essentially a floating city, it will consist of homes, commercial space, recreation areas, and produce all of the energy necessary to support these functions. Seascrapers will be located where deep sea current is adequate for the production of power, for example, the Gulf Stream. Tethered to the hull, turbines will reach to depths ranging from 800 - 1200ft and harvest ocean currents. A flexible photovoltaic skin will also generate a large amount of energy. The concave shape of the seascraper not only allows light to penetrate to the lower levels, but collects and processes rainwater..."


title: Pickburn and Brodsworth railway station

abstract: Pickburn and Brodsworth railway station was a small railway station situated on the South Yorkshire Junction Railway's line between Wrangbrook Junction and Denaby and Conisbrough. It was situated 4.5 miles (7.2 km) south of Wrangbrook Junction, just inside what became the South Yorkshire boundary and was intended to serve the hamlet of Pickburn, which was close by, and Brodsworth, near Doncaster, South Yorkshire, a short distance away. The station was similar to that at Sprotborough and controlled by a signal box which was replaced in 1910 when the opening of Brodsworth Colliery necessitated a larger installation. A short branch was built to access the colliery from this point.

text:
# Pickburn and Brodsworth railway station

**Pickburn and Brodsworth railway station** was a small railway station situated on the South Yorkshire Junction Railway's line between Wrangbrook Junction and Denaby and Conisbrough. It was situated 4.5 miles (7.2 km) south of Wrangbrook Junction, just inside what became the South Yorkshire boundary and was intended to serve the hamlet of Pickburn, which was close by, and Brodsworth, near Doncaster, South Yorkshire, a short distance away.

The station was similar to that at Sprotborough and controlled by a signal box which was replaced in 1910 when the opening of Brodsworth Colliery necessitated a larger installation. A short branch was built to access the colliery from this point.

| Preceding station |  | Disused railways |  | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sprotborough |  | South Yorkshire Junction Railway
South Yorkshire Junction Railway |  | Kirk Smeaton |

"Railways of South Yorkshire", C.T. Goode, Dalesman Publications. ISBN 0-85206-307-5

## InfoBox

| Pickburn and Brodsworth | |
| --- | --- |
| Station site in July 2020. | |
| General information | |
| Location | Pickburn, Doncaster
England |
| Coordinates | 53°33′35″N 1°13′10″W / 53.55977°N 1.21947°W / 53.55977; -1.21947 |
| Grid reference | SE518072 |
| Other information | |
| Status | Disused |
| History | |
| Pre-grouping | South Yorkshire Junction Railway |
| Key dates | |
| 1 December 1894 | opened |
| 1 February 1903 | closed |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Nandakumar (film)

abstract: Nandakumar is a 1938 Indian Tamil-language film directed by Keshav Rao Dhaibar. Produced by A. V. Meiyappan, the mythological film stars T. P. Rajalakshmi, C. V. V. Panthulu, and T. S. Rajalakshmi. T. R. Mahalingam and T. R. Ramachandran made their cinematic debuts through the film.

text:
# Nandakumar (film)

***Nandakumar*** is a 1938 Indian Tamil-language film directed by Keshav Rao Dhaibar. Produced by A. V. Meiyappan, the mythological film stars T. P. Rajalakshmi, C. V. V. Panthulu, and T. S. Rajalakshmi. T. R. Mahalingam and T. R. Ramachandran made their cinematic debuts through the film.

## Plot

The film is about the birth and life of Krishna.

## Cast

## Production

The Marathi filmmaker Keshav Rao Dhaibar planned to produce and direct a Marathi film based on the life of Lord Krishna with A. V. Meiyappan and Jayanthilal Thakore agreeing to produce the Tamil version. T. P. Rajalakshmi was signed up to play Yeshoda, with C. V. V. Panthulu, as Nandagopan. T. S. Rajalakshmi portrayed the role of Radha. T. R. Mahalingam, who was then a stage actor made his acting debut with this film at the age of 14 portraying the character of Lord Krishna. T. R. Ramachandran, who went to become a famous comedian and music composer S. V. Venkataraman started their career with this film.

Dhaibar and Meiyappan were disappointed with a song sung by the actress who portrayed Devaki's mother hence they both came up with an innovative idea to replace the soundtrack with another voice. Lalitha Venkatraman, prominent Carnatic vocalist in Mumbai was brought in to do the playback singing thus earned her the credit of being the first playback singer of Tamil cinema and also became the first Tamil film to introduce playback singing. Meiyappan took the Club House in Mount Road on lease and shot scenes with erecting the sets.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Nandakumar | |
| --- | --- |
| Poster | |
| Directed by | Keshav Rao Dhaibar |
| Written by | A. T. Krishnaswamy |
| Produced by | A. V. Meiyappan |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Pai |
| Music by | S. V. Venkatraman |
| Production<br>company | Pragati Pictures |
| Release date | * 6 August 1938 (1938-08-06) |
| Running time | 113 mins. |
| Country | India |
| Language | Tamil |


title: Olepa coromandelica

abstract: Olepa coromandelica is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was found in India in the 19th century on the Coromandel Coast. No modern specimens have been collected later. Probably, it is extinct now.

text:
# Olepa coromandelica

***Olepa coromandelica*** is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was found in India in the 19th century on the Coromandel Coast. No modern specimens have been collected later. Probably, it is extinct now.

* Dubatolov, V.V., 2011: A new *Olepa* Watson, 1980 species from South India (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae). *Atalanta* **42** (1/2): 136-137.

## InfoBox

| *Olepa coromandelica* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Olepa coromandelica*, types, male above, female below. | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Olepa* |
| Species: | ***O. coromandelica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Olepa coromandelica***<br>Dubatolov, 2011 | |
|


title: Phyllonorycter aeriferella

abstract: Phyllonorycter aeriferella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Canada and the United States. The wingspan is 7–8.5 mm. The larvae feed on Quercus species, including Quercus alba, Quercus bicolor, Quercus falcata, Quercus ilicifolia, Quercus imbricaria, Quercus macrocarpa, Quercus muehlenbergii, Quercus nigra, Quercus prinus, Quercus tinctoria and Quercus velutina. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

text:
# Phyllonorycter aeriferella

***Phyllonorycter aeriferella*** is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Canada (Ontario and Québec) and the United States (Florida, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Maine, New York, Connecticut, Kentucky and Illinois).

The wingspan is 7–8.5 mm.

The larvae feed on *Quercus* species, including *Quercus alba*, *Quercus bicolor*, *Quercus falcata*, *Quercus ilicifolia*, *Quercus imbricaria*, *Quercus macrocarpa*, *Quercus muehlenbergii*, *Quercus nigra*, *Quercus prinus*, *Quercus tinctoria* and *Quercus velutina*. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

## InfoBox

| *Phyllonorycter aeriferella* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gracillariidae |
| Genus: | *Phyllonorycter* |
| Species: | ***P. aeriferella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phyllonorycter aeriferella***<br>(Clemens, 1859) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Lithocolletis aeriferella* Clemens, 1859 * *Phyllonorycter ceriferella* (Edwards, 1889) | |


title: Yn Chruinnaght

abstract: Yn Chruinnaght is a cultural festival in the Isle of Man which celebrates Manx music, Manx language and culture, and links with other Celtic cultures.

text:
# Yn Chruinnaght

***Yn Chruinnaght*** (Manx for "the gathering") is a cultural festival in the Isle of Man which celebrates Manx music, Manx language and culture, and links with other Celtic cultures.

## Origin and history

The forerunner of *Yn Chruinnaght* was founded in 1924, and was known as *Cruinnaght Vanninagh Ashoonagh* ("Manx national gathering"). It was the idea of William Cubbon, the second Director of the Manx Museum, who was also the Honorary Treasurer of both *Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh* (The Manx Gaelic Society) and the World Manx Association (WMA).

Programmes from the early festivals state that "*Yn Cruinnaght Vanninagh Ashoonagh* is held under the auspices of The World Manx Association and The Manx \[Gaelic\] Society in commemoration of our great National Poet and with the object of preserving national sentiment." The "great National Poet" referred to is Thomas Edward Brown (1830–1897) whose poems, including lengthy verse-stories in Manx dialect (of English, though with some Gaelic words), were published by Macmillan.

The *Cruinnaght Vanninagh Ashoonagh* was organised by William Cubbon through the WMA's *Ellan Vannin* magazine, which he edited. The festival was a one-day, competitive event held at Hollantide (Allhallowtide), with participants from the island (though at least one of the judges, Dr J E Lyon, came from "across", i.e. from outside the island). Members of the various sub-committees included Archibald Knox, J J Kneen and Mona Douglas. The event included singing (including in the Manx Gaelic language), music (including a grand concert as a finale), arts, crafts and cookery. The festival came to an end with the outbreak of the Second World War.

## Post-war revival

It was the aim of one of the leading figures in Manx traditional cultural affairs, Mona Douglas, to revive *Yn Chruinnaght* as a Manx national festival. A cultural revival starting in the late 1960s led to renewed vigour in the Manx language, in Manx traditional music, and particularly in Manx dancing. Mona recognised that *Yn Chruinnaght* could provide a focus for cultural activities and a way to give greater recognition to Manx traditional culture, particularly in the wider context of an inter-Celtic festival.

In 1977, Mona Douglas organised *Feailley Vanninagh Rhumsaa* (the "Ramsey Manx Festival") which was held on 1 September in collaboration with the *Ellynyn ny Gael* (Arts of the Gaels) organization. The programme's front cover bore the modern symbol of *Yn Chruinnaght*. The programme announced that the festival "will be revived in Ramsey August–September 1978, and this time it will be a five-day Inter-Celtic Festival". It was held on 21–25 August 1978. Mona Douglas's programme note in 1979 states that "It was decided to stage *Yn Chruinnaght* in Ramsey, the only town in the Island which had no important festival of its own, and which, like Peel, was a recognized centre of the national revival."

## Inter-Celtic festival

Whereas *Cruinnaght Vanninagh Ashoonagh* had been a festival only of Manx culture, Mona Douglas conceived *Yn Chruinnaght* in its modern form as an inter-Celtic festival, giving an opportunity for the six Celtic nations of the Isle of Man, Brittany, Ireland, Scotland, Wales and Cornwall to participate. Mona Douglas was particularly pleased to receive official recognition for *Yn Chruinnaght* from *Oireachtas na Gaeilge* in Ireland, *Gorsedd y Beirdd* and *Yr Eisteddfod Genedlaethol* in Wales and *Am Mòd* in Scotland.

Events have been held throughout the island as part of *Yn Chruinnaght*, but the main focus from 1978 to 2006 was the town of Ramsey. The relationship of *Yn Chruinnaght* with Ramsey has been an important factor over the years. The festival enjoyed venues and facilities throughout the town, including a variety of hotels and the Town Hall, various churches and even the livestock mart. As many of these venues and facilities ceased to be available, a marquee became a feature of the festival. However, with the usual plot in Ramsey for a marquee no longer available in 2007, *Yn Chruinnaght* had to reconsider its siting. In 2007, the main focus moved to the Centenary Centre in Peel.

The development of traditional arts in the Isle of Man has continued apace since the late 1960s. Mona Douglas recognised that the energy associated with it could be harnessed to revive *Yn Chruinnaght*. Further development would undoubtedly have taken place in its own way. However, *Yn Chruinnaght* has provided a focus for thinking about and arranging traditional music, and has been the spur for new creative work drawing on traditional themes.

Cooish, another festival organised by *Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh*.

1. "Yn Chruinnaght". *isleofman.com*. Manx Telecom Trading Ltd. Retrieved 8 June 2018.


title: Marlayne

abstract: Marleen Sahupala, known professionally as Marlayne or Marlayne Sahupala, is a Dutch singer, television presenter and newsreader. She is known for representing the Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999 with the song "One Good Reason".

text:
# Marlayne

**Marleen Sahupala** (née **van den Broek**; born 1 July 1971), known professionally as **Marlayne** or **Marlayne Sahupala**, is a Dutch singer, television presenter and newsreader. She is known for representing the Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999 with the song "One Good Reason".

## Career

### Eurovision Song Contest

Marlayne had mainly worked as a backing vocalist for singers such as René Froger when in 1999, her song "One Good Reason" was chosen from ten candidates to represent the Netherlands in the 44th Eurovision Song Contest held in Jerusalem. "One Good Reason" was the first Dutch entry to be sung in English since 1976, following the abolition of the national language rule for the 1999 contest. It received a total of 71 points, placing eighth out of 23 entries.

Marlayne remained connected to the contest after her participation: she was the spokesperson for the Netherlands in 2000, 2001 and 2003, and a member of the Dutch national jury in 2014.

### Later career

Marlayne released her first and (to date) only album, *Meant to Be*, in 2001. In 2003, she became a presenter of the news and current affairs programme *Hart van Nederland* on the national television channel SBS6. She subsequently presented several entertainment shows, notably *De Nieuwe Uri Geller*, the Dutch version of *The Successor*.

## Personal life

Marlayne has been married to drummer Danny Sahupala since 1998. She gave birth to her first child, a daughter, on 2 July 2009.

## Discography

### Albums

* 2001 – *Meant to Be*

### Singles

* 1999 – "Ik kan het niet alleen" (duet with Gordon Heuckeroth)
* 1999 – "One Good Reason"
* 2000 – "I Don't O U Anything"
* 2001 – "I Quit"
* 2001 – "Water for Wine"

## InfoBox

| Marlayne | |
| --- | --- |
| Marlayne in 2011 | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Marleen van den Broek |
| Also known as | Marlayne Sahupala |
| Born | (1971-07-01) 1 July 1971 |
| Origin | Baarn, Netherlands |
| Genres | Pop |
| Occupation | Singer |
|  | |
| Website | www.marlayne.nl |


title: Melanella martinii

abstract: Melanella martinii, common name the white parasitic snail, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae.

text:
# Melanella martinii

**Melanella martinii**, common name the **white parasitic snail**, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae.

## Description

The size of the shell varies between 20 mm and 50 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Red Sea; off the Philippines, Vietnam, Taiwan and Australia (Queensland, Western Australia)

* Adams, A. 1854. *Monographs of the genera Eulima, Niso, Leiostraca, Obeliscus, Pyramidella and Monoptygma*. pp. 793–825 in Sowerby, G.B. (ed.). Thesaurus Conchyliorum or monographs of genera of shells. London : Sowerby Vol. 2 pp. 439–899.
* Smith, E.A. 1884. *Mollusca*. pp. 34–116, 487–508, 657–659, pls 4–7. In, Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the voyage of the H.M.S. 'Alert ' 1881–2. London : British Museum Trustees, printed by Taylor & Francis.
* Odhner, N.H. 1917. *Results of Dr E. Mjöbergs Swedish scientific expeditions to Australia. 1910-1913*, pt XVII, Mollusca. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Academiens Nya Handlingar, Stockholm 52(16): 1-115 pls 1-3

* "*Melanella martinii*". *Gastropods.com*. Retrieved 16 January 2019.

## InfoBox

| *Melanella martinii* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Apertural view of the shell of *Melanella martinii* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Family: | Eulimidae |
| Genus: | *Melanella* |
| Species: | ***M. martinii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Melanella martinii***<br>A. Adams 1854 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Melanella candida* Marrat, 1880 * *Eulima candida* Marrat, 1880 * *Eulima martinii* A. Adams, 1854 | |


title: Geoff Laws

abstract: Geoffrey 'Geoff' Laws, is a male former weightlifter who competed for Great Britain and England.

text:
# Geoff Laws

**Geoffrey 'Geoff' Laws** (born 1956), is a male former weightlifter who competed for Great Britain and England.

## Weightlifting career

Laws represented Great Britain in the 1980 Summer Olympics and 1984 Summer Olympics.

He represented England and won a gold medal in the 56 kg bantamweight division, at the 1982 Commonwealth Games in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Four years later he represented England in the 60 kg featherweight division at the 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, Scotland and represented England in a third Games, at the 1990 Commonwealth Games in Auckland, New Zealand.

## InfoBox

Geoff Laws
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | English |
| Born | (1956-12-19) 19 December 1956<br>London |
| Sport | |
| Club | Grove Hall |
| Medal record      weightlifting  Representing  England  Commonwealth Games  1982 Brisbane  56kg bantamweight | |