title: Mendelssohn & Co.

abstract: Mendelssohn & Co. was a private bank based in Berlin, Prussia. One of the leading banks in the 19th and early 20th centuries, it was Aryanized by the Nazis because the owners were Jewish.

text:
# Mendelssohn & Co.

**Mendelssohn & Co.** was a private bank based in Berlin, Prussia. One of the leading banks in the 19th and early 20th centuries, it was Aryanized by the Nazis because the owners were Jewish.

## History

The bank was established in 1795 by Joseph Mendelssohn in Berlin. In 1804, his younger brother Abraham Mendelssohn Bartholdy joined the company. In 1815, they moved into their new headquarters at Jägerstraße 51, thereby laying the foundations of Berlin's financial district. Mendelssohn & Co. remained in that building until its divestiture in 1939.

Mendelssohn quickly rose to prominence among European banks. Starting in the 1850s, they acted as Royal bankers for the Russian Tsar and, from the 1870s, dominating the Central European financial market for Russian sovereign bonds and railway bonds. Only the outbreak of World War I in 1914 and the Lenin putsch in 1917 put an end to these close contacts. The Mendelssohn family, through the descendants of the founding brothers, continued to run the company.

Mendelssohn & Co. survived the financial meltdown of the 1930s comparatively well. Following the death of Franz von Mendelssohn and Paul von Mendelssohn-Bartholdy in 1935, Rudolf Löb was appointed as chairman of the bank, the first non-family member to be chairman.

## Aryanization and destruction by the Nazis

Persecuted by the Nazis in 1938, Mendelssohn & Co was Aryanized, which was the word used to describe the Nazi policy of transferring assets owned by Jews to "Aryans". Mendelssohn & Co. were forced to hand over their assets to Deutsche Bank and shut down.

Possessions of members of the Mendelssohn family were plundered, and they were forced into exile, where several committed suicide.

## Notable employees

## Further reading


title: Galuh Stadium

abstract: Galuh Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in the city of Ciamis, Indonesia. The stadium has a capacity of 20,000 people. It is the home base of PSGC Ciamis and Galuh FC.

text:
# Galuh Stadium

**Galuh Stadium** (*Stadion Galuh*) is a multi-purpose stadium in the city of Ciamis, Indonesia. The stadium has a capacity of 20,000 people.

It is the home base of PSGC Ciamis and Galuh FC.

7°20′03″S 108°21′23″E / 7.33417°S 108.35639°E / -7.33417; 108.35639

## InfoBox

Galuh Stadium
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Ciamis Regency, West Java, Indonesia |
| Owner | Government of Ciamis Regency |
| Operator | Government of Ciamis Regency |
| Capacity | 20,000 |
| Surface | Grass field |
| Tenants | |
| PSGC Ciamis<br>Galuh | |


title: MaryKay Carlson

abstract: MaryKay Loss Carlson is an American diplomat who has served as the United States ambassador to the Philippines since 2022. She was previously the United States chargé d'affaires in Argentina from 2021 to 2022, after having served as the Deputy Chief of Mission in the country from September 2019.

text:
# MaryKay Carlson

**MaryKay Loss Carlson** is an American diplomat who has served as the United States ambassador to the Philippines since 2022. She was previously the United States chargé d'affaires in Argentina from 2021 to 2022, after having served as the Deputy Chief of Mission in the country from September 2019.

## Early life and education

Carlson graduated from Rhodes College in 1985 with a degree in Spanish and international studies before pursuing an M.A. in international relations from Georgetown University and M.S. in national security strategy from the National War College.

## Career

Carlson is a career member of the Foreign Service, serving since 1985. She holds the rank of Minister-Counselor. Carlson worked at the Embassy of the United States in New Delhi, India as the Deputy Chief of Mission for three years and Chargé d'affaires for two years. She has also served at U.S. Embassy in Beijing, China (twice), Embassy in Kyiv, Ukraine, Consulate General in Hong Kong, Embassy in Maputo, Mozambique, Embassy in Nairobi, Kenya, and the Embassy in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. She had also served as Deputy Chief of Mission at the U.S. embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Her domestic assignments include director of the Secretary's Executive Secretariat Staff and deputy director of Korean Affairs.

### United States ambassador to the Philippines

On February 4, 2022, President Joe Biden intended to nominate Carlson to serve as US Ambassador to the Philippines. Hearings on her nomination were held before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on April 7, 2022. The committee favorably reported the nomination to the Senate floor on May 4, 2022. Carlson was confirmed by the entire Senate via voice vote on May 5, 2022. Carlson was sworn in on May 26, 2022. She presented her credentials to Philippine president Bongbong Marcos on July 22, 2022.

## Awards and recognitions

Carlson has received numerous performance awards, including six Superior Honor Awards.

## Personal life

Carlson is married to retired Foreign Service officer Aubrey Carlson, and they have two daughters, Kathryn and Karen. She is a native of Little Rock, Arkansas and speaks Spanish and Chinese.

## InfoBox

| MaryKay Carlson | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| United States Ambassador to the Philippines | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
July 22, 2022 | |
| President | Joe Biden |
| Preceded by | Sung Kim |
| United States Chargé d’affaires to Argentina | |
| **In office**
January 20, 2021  January 24, 2022 | |
| President | Joe Biden |
| Preceded by | Edward C. Prado |
| Succeeded by | Marc Stanley |
| United States Chargé d'affaires to India | |
| **In office**
January 20, 2017  November 15, 2017 | |
| President | Donald Trump |
| Preceded by | Richard Verma |
| Succeeded by | Kenneth Juster |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S. |
| Spouse | Aubrey Carlson |
| Children | 2 |
| Alma mater |  |
| Occupation | Diplomat |
|  | |
|  | |


title: W. Horace Carter

abstract: Walter Horace Carter was an American newspaper publisher in Tabor City, North Carolina, whose paper won a 1953 Pulitzer Prize for his reporting on the activities of the Ku Klux Klan and his editorials which opposed them. Filmmaker Walt Campbell's documentary The Editor and the Dragon: Horace Carter Fights the Clan recounts Carter's account of his newspaper and his personal conflict with the local Klan.

text:
# W. Horace Carter

**Walter Horace Carter** (January 20, 1921 – September 16, 2009) was an American newspaper publisher in Tabor City, North Carolina, whose paper won a 1953 Pulitzer Prize for his reporting on the activities of the Ku Klux Klan and his editorials which opposed them. Filmmaker Walt Campbell's documentary *The Editor and the Dragon: Horace Carter Fights the Clan* recounts Carter's account of his newspaper and his personal conflict with the local Klan.

## Early life and education

Carter was born on January 20, 1921, in Albemarle, North Carolina. After graduating from high school, the first in his family to do so, he attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. At UNC, he worked as editor of the student paper. He served in the United States Navy during World War II, where he saw action in the North Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Theater of Operations.

## The *Tribune* and the KKK

After the completion of his military service, Carter was hired by the merchants association in Tabor City, North Carolina. With the connections he established there, he founded a weekly newspaper in 1946 called the *Tabor City Tribune*.

In the July 26, 1950, issue of *The Tribune*, Carter wrote "An Editorial: No Excuse for KKK" in response to a July 22 parade by a Klan group through Tabor City, taking a strong stance against the Ku Klux Klan as an example of "outside-the-law operations that lead to dictatorships through fear and insecurity" and calling the group "the personification of Fascism and Nazism". The editorial was the first of more than 100 such newspaper pieces that Carter wrote in the three succeeding years expressing his fierce opposition to the Klan and its methods, providing details of rallies and Klan violence. The KKK didn't appreciate Carter's actions, and Thomas Hamilton, Grand Dragon of the Association of Carolina Klans, threatened his paper and its advertisers. Though he found some support in the local community, Carter's views were largely rejected by the community at large, leaving him and his family isolated and often subject to retaliation. His son Rusty, when about four years old, asked "The Klan gonna come and get you Daddy?"

Carter's reporting led to the involvement of the Federal Bureau of Investigation into the activities of the local Klan, leading to the convictions on both federal and state charges of many of its members, including Grand Dragon, Thomas Hamilton. Along with Willard Cole's *Whiteville News Reporter*, Carter's *Tabor City Tribune* won the 1953 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service citing "their successful campaign against the Ku Klux Klan, waged on their own doorstep at the risk of economic loss and personal danger, culminating in the conviction of over one hundred Klansmen and an end to terrorism in their communities."

## Personal

After retiring from the newspaper business in the 1970s, Carter moved to Cross Creek, Florida. After a few decades of fishing and writing about the outdoors (the Library of Congress catalogs 12 books published 1980 to 2001), Carter returned to Tabor City and returned to *The Tribune*.

The newspaper is still in circulation today, now called *The Tabor-Loris Tribune*, and it is owned and operated by parent company Atlantic Packaging Corporation. Carter worked in the newspaper division of Atlantic in Tabor City, N.C., writing his weekly editorials, until a week before his death.

Carter died at age 88 on September 16, 2009, of a heart attack while being transported to his Tabor City home from the New Hanover Regional Medical Center in Wilmington, North Carolina. He was married three times and had three children.


title: Vincenzo

abstract: Vincenzo is an Italian male given name, derived from the Latin name Vincentius. Notable people with the name include:

text:
# Vincenzo

**Vincenzo** is an Italian male given name, derived from the Latin name Vincentius (the verb *vincere* means to win or to conquer). Notable people with the name include:

## Art

## Politics

## Religion

## Sports

## Characters

## Others

## InfoBox

Vincenzo
| Pronunciation | Italian: \[vinˈtʃɛntso\] |
| --- | --- |
| Gender | Male |
| Origin | |
| Word/name | Latin |
| Meaning | Vincent |
| Region of origin | Italy |
| Other names | |
| Nickname(s) | Enzo, Vin, Vince, Vinny, Vinnie, Cenzo |
| Related names | Vincent, Vincente, Vicente, Vincentius |


title: Vassenden

abstract: Vassenden is a village in Sunnfjord Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located along the river Jølstra on the western shore of the lake Jølstravatnet, and about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the lake Holsavatnet. The 0.38-square-kilometre (94-acre) village has a population (2019) of 330 and a population density of 868 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,250/sq mi). The village is located along the European route E39 highway, just about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) east of the village of Langhaugane. The village of Ålhus lies about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) to the northeast. The village of Skei is 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the northeast, at the other end of the lake Jølstravatnet. Vassenden Church was built in 2002 to serve the people of Vassenden and the surrounding areas.

text:
# Vassenden

**Vassenden** is a village in Sunnfjord Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located along the river Jølstra on the western shore of the lake Jølstravatnet, and about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the lake Holsavatnet.

The 0.38-square-kilometre (94-acre) village has a population (2019) of 330 and a population density of 868 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,250/sq mi).

The village is located along the European route E39 highway, just about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) east of the village of Langhaugane. The village of Ålhus lies about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) to the northeast. The village of Skei is 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the northeast, at the other end of the lake Jølstravatnet. Vassenden Church was built in 2002 to serve the people of Vassenden and the surrounding areas.

## InfoBox

| Vassenden | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
|  | |
| VassendenLocation of the villageVassendenVassenden (Norway) | |
| Coordinates: 61°29′34″N 6°06′46″E / 61.4929°N 6.1127°E / 61.4929; 6.1127 | |
| Country | Norway |
| Region | Western Norway |
| County | Vestland |
| District | Sunnfjord |
| Municipality | Sunnfjord |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.38 km2 (0.15 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 230 m (750 ft) |
| Population (2019) | |
| Total | 330 |
| Density | 868/km2 (2,250/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Post Code | 6847 Vassenden |


title: Los Angeles McCormicks

abstract: The Los Angeles McCormicks were a minor league baseball team based in Los Angeles, California. In 1910, the Los Angeles McCormicks played as members of the Class D level Southern California Trolley League. The league folded during the 1910 season. The Los Angeles McCormicks were owned by Jim McCormick, who also owned the Los Angeles Maiers franchise in the league. The two teams shared Maier Park.

text:
# Los Angeles McCormicks

The **Los Angeles McCormicks** were a minor league baseball team based in Los Angeles, California. In 1910, the Los Angeles McCormicks played as members of the Class D level Southern California Trolley League. The league folded during the 1910 season. The Los Angeles McCormicks were owned by Jim McCormick, who also owned the Los Angeles Maiers franchise in the league. The two teams shared Maier Park.

## History

The 1910 Southern California Trolley League was organized by James McCormick and Ed Crolic. Jim McCormick owned a local pool hall and had previously owned and managed a local team called "McCormick's Shamrocks," who played in numerous exhibition games. Ed Crolic would be the league secretary and become a manager in the California Trolley League, while McCormick served as the league president.

In 1910, the Los Angeles McCormicks became founding members of the Class D level Southern California Trolley League. The McCormicks were one of six charter franchises when the league formed for the 1910 season under league president Jim McCormick, who also owned the McCormicks and Maiers. The franchises from Long Beach, California (Long Beach Clothiers), Los Angeles, California (Los Angeles Maiers), Pasadena, California (Pasadena Silk Sox), Redondo Beach, California (Redondo Beach Wharf Rats and Santa Ana, California (Santa Ana Walnut Growers) joined the McCormicks in League play. The "Trolley" name was in reference to all the league ballparks being accessible for fans via trolley.

On May 1, 1910, newspaper accounts reported that the Los Angeles McCormicks committed 11 errors in a 7–2 loss to Long Beach. On May 3, 1910, the Pasadena Silk Sox and the Los Angeles Maiers folded simultaneously, leaving the league with only four teams. Weeks later, the Southern California Trolley League permanently disbanded on June 13, 1910, with the McCormicks in last place under manager Charlie Harris. At the time the league folded, the Redondo Beach Warf Rats with a 9–2 record were in first place in the California Trolley League Standings, followed by the Santa Ana Yellow Sox Growers (8–3), Long Beach Clothiers (4–5) and Los Angeles McCormicks (2–7) in the final Standings. After the league folded, it was reported that league president and McCormicks' owner Jim McCormick organized a league meeting at his pool hall on South Spring Street for the purpose of settling the league's remaining business.

## The ballpark

The Los Angeles McCormicks played 1910 home games at **Maier Park**. Maier Park, was home of both the Los Angeles Maiers and the Los Angeles McCormicks. The ballpark was built in Vernon, California in 1909 by local brewery owner Pete Maier for his Vernon Tigers, a Pacific Coast League club, who were the primary tenants. In the era, laws prevented alcohol within the city of Los Angeles. Outside the city limits, Maier Park was located directly adjacent to Doyle's Bar, which was advertised as the "longest bar in the world." Doyle's Bar had its own separate public entrance into the ballpark. It was noted that even players used the entrance to the bar in between innings.

## Year–by–year record

| Year | Record | Finish | Manager | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1910 | 2–7 | 4th | Charlie Harris | League folded June 13 |
|

## Notable alumni

* Team roster for the 1910 Los Angeles McCormicks is unknown.

## InfoBox

| Los Angeles McCormicks | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Minor league affiliations | |
| Class | Class D (1910) |
| League | Southern California Trolley League (1910) |
| Major league affiliations | |
| Team | None |
| Minor league titles | |
| League titles (0) | None |
| Team data | |
| Name | **Los Angeles McCormicks** (1910) |
| Ballpark | Maier Park (1910) |


title: Vaughan Bowen

abstract: Vaughan Garfield Bowen is an Australian businessman. He is the founder and former executive director of M2 Telecommunications, an Australian telecommunications company.

text:
# Vaughan Bowen

**Vaughan Garfield Bowen** (born 14 December 1972 in Australia) is an Australian businessman. He is the founder and former executive director of M2 Telecommunications, an Australian telecommunications company.

## Career

Prior to founding M2 Telecommunications, Bowen spent several years managing and profitably growing the South East Asian operations of Secure Parking, one of the region's largest facilities management companies.

He is a member of the Australian Institute of Company Directors and was named as a finalist in the Entrepreneur of the Year Southern Region 2004 and 2009. In 2012, Bowen received the ACOMMS Communications Ambassador award.

On 29 August 2011, Bowen announced his intention to transition into an executive director role within M2, following 12 years leading the company. The transition took place at the conclusion of M2's Annual General Meeting on 28 October 2011. In that same year, Bowen founded and became Chairman of the Telco Together Foundation, a not-for-profit charitable foundation.

After the merger of M2 Telecommunications with Vocus Group, Bowen continued on as executive director of the merged business. During this period the company had multiple profit downgrades and the share price dropped from $9.29 to $2.45. Bowen took over as chairman of the combined business in October 2017 and the company subsequently downgraded earnings again in February 2018. Bowen resigned from the role of chairman after five months in the role.

On 14 September 2021, Bowen was charged with two counts of insider trading. The corporate regulator alleged he offloaded around 5.6 million shares in Vocus with inside knowledge that private equity firm EQT would withdraw its $3.3 billion takeover tilt for the once-troubled telco. Bowen denied the charges, each of which carries a maximum penalty of 15 years in prison. On 15 March 2022, the matter was listed for a committal hearing to commence on 28 November 2022, for five days.

## Personal life

Bowen enjoys running in half marathons, and is a lifelong friend of Australian Senator Cory Bernardi.

## InfoBox

| Vaughan Garfield Bowen | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Vaughan Garfield Bowen
(1972-12-14) 14 December 1972
Australia |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Education | Bachelor of Commerce, University of New South Wales |
| Height | 201 cm (6 ft 7 in) |


title: Murciana goat

abstract: Murciana, also called Murcian, Murcien, Murciene and Royal Murciana is a dual-purpose breed of goat originally bred in the Murcia province along the Mediterranean coast of southeastern Spain. The main milk-producing goat breed in Spain is a cross between the Murciana and the Granadina goat known as Murciano-granadina goat. Only the latter is officially recognized by the Spanish government, so Murciana goats are considered a variety of such breed.

text:
# Murciana goat

**Murciana**, also called **Murcian**, **Murcien**, **Murciene** and **Royal Murciana** is a dual-purpose (for both milk and meat) breed of goat originally bred in the Murcia province along the Mediterranean coast of southeastern Spain. The main milk-producing goat breed in Spain is a cross between the Murciana and the Granadina goat known as Murciano-granadina goat. Only the latter is officially recognized by the Spanish government, so Murciana goats are considered a variety of such breed.

## Breed characteristics

While it is shorter-eared than many goats, the Murciana's ear is shaped like those of the Swiss breeds, such as Alpines, Oberhaslis, and Saanens, and carried horizontally. They are renowned for producing high-quality milk that is exceptionally butterfat-rich. Goats from the Murcia and Malta breeds, including the Murciana, are more likely to breed out of season than are goats of the French Alpine and related breeds, due to concerted breeding efforts to culture this tendency, which may allow year-round freshening and milking. This breed may have actually originated in Africa.

## Primary regions

Primary Murciana goat farming areas are in the region of Murcia, in the communities of Jumilla and Yecla.

## History

By the early 16th century, Murciana goats were well established in Spain, as were several other Spanish breeds, including the Malaguena goat, the La Blanca Celtibora goat, and the La Castellana Extremena goat, due to breeding policies set by Spain's long-established Sheepmaster's Guild. Display ads in *The Goat World* of the time indicate the Murciana goats were in the U.S. by 1920, referred to as the "Royal Murciana." Dr. C. P. DeLangle, in his article *The Murcien Goat,* printed in the August 1921 issue of *The Goat World*  wrote of them, "The Murcien goat is one, if not *the* handsomest goats known." By 1936, the Murcianas may have become scarce in the U.S., as the January issue of the *Dairy Goat Journal* called for help to re-establish the breed, noting there did not seem to be a pure-bred buck in America, and that a Mrs. Katherine Kadel had the only purebred does at that time. The same article also noted a reliable supply of Murcianas could be found in Mexico, in a herd imported from Spain that also contained Granada goats.

## Bloodlines

The breed forms part of the ancestral bloodline of the American Lamancha goat, originally bred in the 1930s by Mrs. Eula Fay Frey of Glide, Oregon, in the United States. The registered Murciana whose bloodline ran through Mrs. Frey's herd was owned by a Mr. and Mrs. Harry Gordon and her primary foundational buck was a bright red Murciana-Nubian cross named Christopher.

The long-isolated feral goats of the Channel Islands, off the coast of California, such as the San Clemente Island goat and the Santa Catalina Island goat, are thought to be descended from goats brought to the island by Spanish missionaries and settlers, including La Blanca Celtiboras, La Castellana Extremenas, and later the more common dairy and meat goats of Spain, the Malaguenas and Murcianas.

## Organizations

There exists in Spain an organization called Asociación Española de Criadores de Cabras de Raza Murciano-Granadina (ACRIMUR); the Spanish National Association of the Murciana-Granadina Goat.


title: Visappinte Vili

abstract: Visappinte Vili is a 1952 Indian Malayalam-language drama film directed by Mohan Rao and produced by Kunchacko and K. V. Koshi under the banner of K&K Combines. It stars Prem Nazir, Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair, Kumari Thankam, Pankajavalli, Nanukuttan, Mathappan, S. P. Pillai and Baby Girija. It was the second film in the career of Prem Nazir. His first appearance with the name Prem Nazir was in this film. It was on the sets of this film that he was renamed Prem Nazir by Thikkurussi Sukumaran Nair. He was credited as Abdul Khader in his debut film Marumakal. Visappinte Vili became the break in his career. Made on a low budget, the film became the highest-grossing film of the year. There were ten other releases in 1952, out of which only Amma enjoyed success. The film ran for 50-days in 7 release centers. The film was remade by K. J. Mohan Rao in Tamil as Pasiyin Kodumai and released on 28 November 1952. Paa. Adhimoolam wrote the dialogues.

text:
# Visappinte Vili

***Visappinte Vili*** (transl.Call of hunger) is a 1952 Indian Malayalam-language drama film directed by Mohan Rao and produced by Kunchacko and K. V. Koshi under the banner of K&K Combines. It stars Prem Nazir, Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair, Kumari Thankam, Pankajavalli, Nanukuttan, Mathappan, S. P. Pillai and Baby Girija.

It was the second film in the career of Prem Nazir. His first appearance with the name Prem Nazir was in this film. It was on the sets of this film that he was renamed Prem Nazir by Thikkurussi Sukumaran Nair. He was credited as Abdul Khader in his debut film *Marumakal*. *Visappinte Vili* became the break in his career. Made on a low budget, the film became the highest-grossing film of the year. There were ten other releases in 1952, out of which only *Amma* enjoyed success.

The film ran for 50-days in 7 release centers.

The film was remade by K. J. Mohan Rao in Tamil as *Pasiyin Kodumai* and released on 28 November 1952. Paa. Adhimoolam wrote the dialogues.

## Soundtrack

Malayalam

Lyrics were penned by Abhayadev. Playback singers are A. M. Rajah, T. A. Mothi, Jose Prakash, P. Leela, Jikki & Kaviyoor Revamma.

| No. | Song | Singer/s | Lyricist | Duration (m:ss) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Mohiniye Ennaathma" | A. M. Rajah & P. Leela | Abhayadev | 03:06 |
| 2 | "Karayaathennomanakkunje" | Kaviyoor Revamma | | 02:48 |
| 3 | "Paavana Hridayam" | A. M. Rajah | | 02:27 |
| 4 | "Malaranikkaadukal Thingi Vinngi" | A. M. Rajah, Jose Prakash,
Kaviyoor Revamma & P. Leela | | 05:55 |
| 5 | "Kulirekidunna Katte" | A. M. Rajah & Kaviyoor Revamma | | 02:42 |
| 6 | "Chinthayil Neerunna" | Jose Prakash & Kaviyoor Revamma | | 03:03 |
| 7 | "Ha Ha Jayichu Poyi Njan " | Jikki | | 02:25 |
| 8 | "Poyithu Kaalam" |  | |  |
| 9 | "Amma Aarineeyalambham" |  | |  |
| 10 | "Sakhiyaarodum" | T. A. Mothi & P. Leela | |  |
| 11 | "Nithya Sundara Swargam
\[Swargavaathil Dance\]" |  | |  |
| 12 | "Unnatha Nilayil" | A. M. Rajah | |  |

Tamil

Lyrics were penned by Kambadasan, Annal Thango and Paa. Adhimoolam. Playback singers are A. M. Rajah, Madhavapeddi Satyam, P. Leela and Kaviyoor Revamma.

| No. | Song | Singer/s | Lyricist | Duration (m:ss) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Mohiniye En Mohiniye" | A. M. Rajah & P. Leela | Kambadasan | 03:06 |
| 2 | "Azhuvaadhe En Chella Kanney" | Kaviyoor Revamma | Paa. Adhimoolam | 02:48 |
| 3 | "Thooya Iru Manam Sidhainthu" | A. M. Rajah | | 02:27 |
| 4 | "Poo Nirai Maamara Cholai" | A. M. Rajah, Madhavapeddi Satyam,
Kaviyoor Revamma & P. Leela | | 05:55 |
| 5 | "Nee Chenru Odhu Kaatrey" | A. M. Rajah & Kaviyoor Revamma | | 02:42 |
| 6 | "Thollai Tharum Vaazhvil" | | Annal Thango | 03:03 |
| 7 | "Naane Kalaiyil Therinen" | | P. Leela | 02:25 |
| 8 | "Inbam Tharum Kalai Paadi" | | Madhavapeddi Satyam |  |
| 9 | "Thaaye Paaril Thunai Ini Yaro" | |  |  |
| 10 | "Ilavenil Chandrikaiyaai" | A. M. Rajah & P. Leela |  |  |

## Critical reception

Cynic of *Mathrubhumi* wrote, "Prem Nazir's perfect facial expression and uncluttered speech style is a special merit. The face of this young man has not lost its charm, and if he matures and gains more manhood, Prem Nazir may become one of the most important actors in Malayalam cinema."

## InfoBox

| Visappinte Vili | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Mohan Rao |
| Written by | Muthukulam Raghavan Pillai |
| Produced by | Kunchacko
K. V. Koshi |
| Starring | Prem Nazir
Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair
Kumari Thankam
Pankajavalli
Nanukuttan
Mathappan
S. P. Pillai
Baby Girija
Sasikumar
Adoor Pankajam |
| Cinematography | E. R. Cooper |
| Edited by | S. Williams |
| Music by | P. S. Divakar |
| Production
company | K&K Combines |
| Release date | * 22 August 1952 (1952-08-22) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Malayalam |


title: W. Henry Lambright

abstract: William Henry "Harry" Lambright is a professor of Public Administration, International Affairs and Political Science at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs of Syracuse University. He is the director of the Science and Technology Policy Program of the Center for Environmental Policy and Administration since 1995 and a Senior Research Associate at the Campbell Public Affairs Institute.

text:
# W. Henry Lambright

**William Henry "Harry" Lambright** (born 1939) is a professor of Public Administration, International Affairs and Political Science at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs of Syracuse University.

He is the director of the Science and Technology Policy Program of the Center for Environmental Policy and Administration since 1995 and a Senior Research Associate at the Campbell Public Affairs Institute.

## Early life and education

Lambright was born on July 9, 1939, in Baltimore, Maryland to William Henry Lambright and Nellie Mae Lambright (née: Brown). He graduated with an AB degree from Johns Hopkins University in 1961. In 1966, he earned a master's degree and a PhD at Columbia University. His thesis dealt with NASA and the politics of patents.

## Career

In 1966, Lambright joined the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University, where he became full professor in 1976. He completed 55 years of service in 2021. He also held occasional positions at SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry and Cornell University.

Lambright has served as a guest scholar at the Brookings Institution (1965-1966); Special Assistant to the Office of University Affairs at NASA (1970); and as the director of the Science and Technology Policy Center at the Syracuse Research Corporation (1972-1994).

Lambright's research focuses on federal policy-making in the fields of space technology, national security, ecosystem management, biotechnology, space-exploration, transboundary issues, and science and policy integration. He has been interviewed by the media on variety of topics, including the environment, space science and technology, and government management.

## Awards

Lambright became a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in 2004 for "his distinguished contributions to the field of science and technology policy, including issues involving space, environment, and transfer technology".

He was elected a fellow of National Academy of Public Administration in 2012. He is also a member of American Political Science Association, American Society for Public Administration (executive committee for public administration since 1987).

## Works

Lambright has authored over 275 articles, papers, and reports and has written or edited eight books.

* Lambright, W. Henry (2014). *Why Mars: NASA and the Politics of Space Exploration*. Baltimore: JHU Press. doi:10.1353/book.30865. ISBN 9781421412795. OCLC 922849332.
* Lambright, W. Henry (1998). *Powering Apollo: James E. Webb of NASA*. Baltimore: JHU Press. doi:10.56021/9780801849022. ISBN 9780801862052. OCLC 1127798130.
* *Space Policy in the 21st Century*. Baltimore: JHU Press. 2003. ISBN 9780801870682. OCLC 48675630.
* Launching a New Mission: Michael Griffin and NASA's Return to the Moon (Report). IBM Center for The Business of Government. 2009.

## InfoBox

| W. Henry Lambright | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1939-07-09) July 9, 1939
Baltimore, Maryland |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | Columbia University
Johns Hopkins University |
| Awards | Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (2004) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Science and Space policy
Environmental policy and administration |
| Institutions | Syracuse University |
| Thesis | *NASA and the Politics of Patents: a Study of Administrative Pluralism* (1966) |
|  | |
| Website | Official Website |


title: Vascoda

abstract: vascoda was, until 2011, a German web portal which offered access to scientific information in various disciplines. The name vascoda is often associated with the medieval explorer Vasco da Gama, as this implies the connotation of navigating the sea of information. Initially, though, “vascoda“ is a made-up word created by an agency for naming and branding. vascoda is also a non-profit organization which offers support and coordination of its members’ subject portals.

text:
# Vascoda

**vascoda** was, until 2011, a German web portal which offered access to scientific information in various disciplines. The name *vascoda* is often associated with the medieval explorer *Vasco da* Gama, as this implies the connotation of navigating the *sea of information*. Initially, though, “vascoda“ is a made-up word created by an agency for naming and branding.

vascoda is also a non-profit organization which offers support and coordination of its members’ subject portals.

## vascoda

### Portal

The vascoda web portal offers access to information and full texts on various subjects through an integrative user interface. The searches can be performed within a certain subject or interdisciplinarily. Specialized subject portals can also be accessed directly via the vascoda portal.

The vascoda portal and the integrated subject portals are set up and maintained by academic libraries and other information providers with an international reputation. These institutions provide content of high standard, parts of which cannot be found by standard web search engines.

Access to the portal is free. However, for some of its services and resources a fee is required (pay-per-view). Furthermore, vascoda is connected to local library holdings and document delivery services.

vascoda’s data are integrated into the WorldWideScience global science gateway.

### Aim

The aim of vascoda is to merge academic resources into a single well-structured integrative information service.

### Supporting organization

vascoda is a registered voluntary association with 42 members, which are mostly German libraries and other information providers. The association’s aim is to develop and maintain the interdisciplinary vascoda portal. The vascoda office is based in Hanover. The portal is technically run by the NRW Online Utility and Library Service Centre (hbz).

### Subject portals integrated into vascoda

The following subject portals are currently accessible through the vascoda portal. Parts of their data are integrated into the vascoda search (as of June 2009):

A number of projects and working groups focussing on certain aspects relevant to vascoda were financially supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) or the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). Various institutions were in charge of these projects. Some examples are:

* Functionality and operation of the vascoda portal
* Metadata, standards and questions of heterogeneity
* Coordination, marketing, quality assurance
* Content: rights, licences and business concepts
* Overall structures and tasks
* Shared authentication, authorization and permissions management
* Modelling and questions of heterogeneity

Currently, the German Research Foundation supports the *vascoda 2010* project. The project aims at improving and furthering the vascoda portal.

1. Interview with Uwe Rosemann, former speaker of the vascoda-project (pdf) medizin-bibliothek-information, Vol. 5 (3), September 2005
2. *Verteilte Authentifizierung, Autorisierung und Rechteverwaltung (AAR)*. (Retrieved on 2009-08-05)
3. *http://www.gesis.org/en/research/programs-and-projects/information-science/project-overview/komohe/ Archived 2009-09-22 at the Wayback Machine Kompetenzzentrum Modellbildung und Heterogenitätsbehandlung (KoMoHe)*. (Retrieved on 2009-08-05)

## Bibliography

* *vascoda – das interdisziplinäre Internetportal für wissenschaftliche Information. 10 Fragen von Bruno Bauer an Uwe Rosemann, Direktor der Technischen Informationsbibliothek Hannover und Sprecher des vascoda-Projekts*. in: Medizin – Bibliothek – Information 2005; 5(3): 11–14 (Onlineversion pdf-Datei, 98 KB)
* Jens E. Wolff, Thomas Oerder: *Das vascoda-Portal – barrierefreie Recherche in wissenschaftlichen Fachinformationen.* (Proceedings of the 95. Deutscher Bibliothekartag, Dresden 2006). (Onlineversion pdf-datei, 934 KB)
* Philipp Mayr, Anne-Kathrin Walter: *Zum Stand der Heterogenitätsbehandlung in vascoda: Bestandsaufnahme und Ausblick.*, in: Bibliothek & Information Deutschland (Hrsg.): 3. Leipziger Kongress für Information und Bibliothek, 19.–22. März 2007. Leipzig: Verlag Dinges & Frick. Preprint pdf (176Kb)
* Ralf Depping: *vascoda.de and the system of the German virtual subject libraries.* In: Prasad, A.R.D. & Madalli, D.P. (eds.): International Conference on Semantic Web and Digital Libraries (ICSD 2007), 21–23 February 2007: 304-314. (pdf file, 730 KB)


title: Loop Mania

abstract: Loop Mania is a mobile arcade video game developed by Umbrella and Games From Outer Space and published by Umbrella. It was released on 6 April 2016 for iOS and 27 May for Android.

text:
# Loop Mania

***Loop Mania*** is a mobile arcade video game developed by Umbrella and Games From Outer Space and published by Umbrella. It was released on 6 April 2016 for iOS and 27 May for Android.

## Gameplay

*Loop Mania* is an endless arcade video game which has the player controlling a white circle revolving around the inside of an outlined circle. The circle while revolving collects medium-sized dots that are called "coins" which add to the overall score above. Collecting multiple dots continuously results in an increased multiplier that adds to the score and collecting all progresses the player to another round, which increases in difficulty and occasionally changes color scheme.

Enemy circles can enter the circle and touching them can result in game over for the player. They can either be dodged or attacked by the player, which gains score as well.

In the start menu and website for the game, they showcase overall the number of coins collected globally. As of August 2016, *Loop Mania* has collected 1.81B coins overall currently.

## Release

The game was announced on 6 April 2016 on the Umbrella YouTube account and released on 20 April for the App Store and 27 May for Google Play.

## InfoBox

| Loop Mania | |
| --- | --- |
| The logo for Loop Mania on iOS and Android as of August 2016 | |
| Developer(s) |  |
| Publisher(s) | Umbrella |
| Engine | Unity |
| Platform(s) |  |
| Release | * 6 April 2016 (2016-04-06) **iOS** * 27 May 2016 (2016-05-27) **Android** |
| Genre(s) | Arcade |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: Mercedes-Benz Zetros

abstract: The Mercedes-Benz Zetros is an off-road truck for extreme operations. It was first presented at the 2008 Eurosatory defence industry trade show in Paris. The Zetros is manufactured at the Mercedes-Benz plant in Wörth, Germany. The truck is designed to be compatible with the C-130 Hercules transport and also fits into a standard German railway carriage. In 2019 Mercedes-Benz presented a facelift of the Zetros with a more powerful engine and a bigger number of variants.

text:
# Mercedes-Benz Zetros

The **Mercedes-Benz Zetros** is an off-road truck for extreme operations. It was first presented at the 2008 Eurosatory defence industry trade show in Paris. The Zetros is manufactured at the Mercedes-Benz plant in Wörth, Germany. The truck is designed to be compatible with the C-130 Hercules transport and also fits into a standard German railway carriage. In 2019 Mercedes-Benz presented a facelift of the Zetros with a more powerful engine and a bigger number of variants.

## Variants

The Zetros is available with an engine power of 360 hp (265 kW) up to 510 hp (375 kW) in all-wheel drive and non all-wheel drive versions:

* Chassis, Tipper or Tractor
* 4x2, 4x4, 6x4, 6x6, 8x8

Although normally used as a truck, the Zetros has also been put to work as an off-road tractor unit in the middle east. German company Harald Bruhn also introduced a Zetros-based agricultural trailer truck as the Secutor.

### Technical characteristics

The facelifted Zetros has now one type of engine in all variants.

* Engine: 12.816 cc inline 6 cylinder diesel

| Emission | Power \[kW\] | Power \[hp\] | Torque \[Nm\] |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| EU III | 265 | 360 | 1.800 |
| EU III | 310 | 421 | 2.100 |
| EU III | 350 | 476 | 2.300 |
| EU V | 330 | 449 | 2.200 |
| EU V | 375 | 510 | 2.400 |

* Transmission: 16 speed manual transmission with shift lever, controlled via control cable, pneumatic power-assisted
* mechanical differential locks on front and rear axles and in the transfer case
* Top speed: 55 mph
* fording depths up to 0.8m

## Operators

### Current operators

Algeria Around 2 000 trucks are planned to be produced by the Algeria's National Company of Industrial Vehicles (SNVI) destined for the Algerian defence ministry. Locally further developed into self-propelled artillery systems using the D-30 and T-12 gun systems.  Australia The Zetros is used as a fertilizer spreader in the South East of South Australia. It is a 4x4 version operated by Crossling Contractors based in Naracoorte.  Bulgaria The Bulgarian army ordered the Zetros in 2009 to transport personnel and supplies. As of 2012, it operates 335 trucks with 30 more on order.  Chile In August 2016 Mercedes Benz has been awarded a contract to provide 330 trucks for the Chilean Army. The contract includes a batch of Zetros 2733 6x6 and Unimog U4000 4x4 vehicles.  Costa Rica The first non military application of the Zetros 2733 was announced in June 2018 by the Costa Rican Firefighters as the organization acquired one. It will serve as transport for rescue crew and equipment in emergency situations as floods, hurricanes, storms, wild fires, volcanic eruptions and earthquakes.  Finland The Finnish Defence Forces have acquired Zetros trucks to replace outdated Sisu Auto vehicles for transportation of both personnel and explosives.,  Germany The German army has ordered a total of 110 armoured Zetros vehicles, 72 of which are supposed to serve in logistics units.  Jordan Germany donated 20 Zetros 2733 A 6x6 trucks and 50 Zetros 1833 A 4x4 trucks to Jordan in order to be used for the logistics of the Jordanian security agencies when caring for refugees.  Lithuania 8 Zetros 3643 6x6 tow trucks acquired in 2019 with Mercedes-Benz EMPL platform for PzH 2000 or Bergepanzer 2 transportation. 141 Zetros 2733 6x6 transport trucks equipped with cranes acquired in 2023, to be all delivered by 2030.  Mexico The Mexican Army and Mexican Air Force have planned the purchase of 137 6x6 trucks, in three stages, beginning the first purchase of 46 in 2017. The Mexican Navy also operates an undisclosed number of Zetros trucks.  Poland 31 Mercedes Benz Zetros 3348 AS 6x6 with Dobrowolski DOB70W low bed semi-trailer with an option for 78 more sets ordered in October 2021 for tank transport duty. First 8 sets delivered by the end of 2023.  Saudi Arabia Operated by the Saudi Arabian National Guard.  Turkey The Turkish Armed Forces use Zetros as HISAR O+ (surface to air missile system) carrier.  Ukraine The Armed Forces of Ukraine have received 274 (as of January 2024) from Germany for use in Russo-Ukrainian war, with another 46 planned for delivery.

### Future operators

Canada (1,500) The Canadian army selected GDLS-Canada representing the *Power Team* as bid winner for the LVM (Logistics Vehicle Modernisation) programme. The contract was signed in June 2024 with the Power Team which joins forces from Manac, Marshall Land Systems, Mercedes Benz and Soframe. The contract includes: * 1,000 light trucks
* 500 heavy trucks

### Possible operators

Argentina In 2016, Mercedes-Benz presents and exhibit the Zetros in the Directorate of Arsenals, the plant of the former TAMSE in Boulogne. As reported by the Defensa site, the Argentine Army is a former customer of Mercedes-Benz. The idea is that the Zetros can replace, in a gradual way, the current fleet of Unimog and MB 1114.


title: Pirne

abstract: Pirne is a village in Aytos Municipality, in Burgas Province, in southeastern Bulgaria. Pirne Peak in Antarctica is named after the village.

text:
# Pirne

**Pirne** is a village in Aytos Municipality, in Burgas Province, in southeastern Bulgaria.

Pirne Peak in Antarctica is named after the village.

## InfoBox

| Pirne | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Pirne | |
| Coordinates: 42°41′N 27°12′E / 42.683°N 27.200°E / 42.683; 27.200 | |
| Country | Bulgaria |
| Province | Burgas Province |
| Municipality | Aytos Municipality |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


title: Vaughan Bell

abstract: Vaughan Bell is a British clinical psychologist, currently at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust specialising in psychological interventions for psychotic outpatients and in training other professionals to deal with such patients. He is a clinical senior lecturer in the Division of Psychiatry at the Faculty of Brain Sciences at University College London and a visiting researcher at the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London. His research focus includes neuropsychology, social cognition, psychosis and brain damage.

text:
# Vaughan Bell

**Vaughan Bell** is a British clinical psychologist, currently at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust specialising in psychological interventions for psychotic outpatients and in training other professionals to deal with such patients. He is a clinical senior lecturer in the Division of Psychiatry at the Faculty of Brain Sciences at University College London and a visiting researcher at the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London. His research focus includes neuropsychology, social cognition, psychosis and brain damage.

## Education

Bell did his PhD at Cardiff University, he chose the cognitive neuropsychiatry of psychosis as his research topic. He completed his clinical training at the Institute of psychiatry at King's College London. He specialised in psychosis and neuropsychology and graduated with a Doctorate in Clinical Psychology.

## Career

Bell has been the most regular contributor to the Mind Hacks science blog, starting in 2002. In 2012 he won the Erikson Institute Prize for Excellence in Mental Health Media. In 2014 he and academic Tom Stafford received the British Psychological Society’s Public Engagement and Media Award.

Bell has written articles on psychology and neuroscience for several newspapers and magazines, including *The Guardian*, *Discover*, *Slate*, *Wired UK*, *The Independent* and *The Atlantic*. He was interviewed in 2005 by the influential journal *Nature* about his experience as a scientist editing Wikipedia, specifically in challenging a section on violence in the schizophrenia article.

A fluent Spanish speaker, for several years he undertook teaching and clinical work at university facilities in Colombia and worked as a mental health coordinator for Médecins sans Frontières in difficult conditions.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Vaughan Bell | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | British |
| Citizenship | United Kingdom |
| Alma mater | Cardiff University |
| Occupation | Clinical Psychologist |


title: 123 (interbank network)

abstract: "123" is a shared cash network for the banking community in Egypt. It is provided by Egyptian Banks Co. for Technological Advancement (EBC).

text:
# 123 (interbank network)

"**123**" is a shared cash network for the banking community in Egypt. It is provided by Egyptian Banks Co. for Technological Advancement (**EBC**).

## Services

The "123" network links more than 30 Egyptian Banks supporting more than 1500 ATMs distributed all over Egypt. This network provides the banks' clients with direct access to their different accounts at any time and from anywhere through the ATMs carrying the "123" logo. This network is available 24 hours a day 7 days a week.

In addition, the "123" network is a gateway to MasterCard, Diners Club and American Express International networks. Moreover, it is linked to regional networks in the Persian Gulf states, **NAPS** in State of Qatar, **Benefit** in Kingdom of Bahrain and CSCBank SAL in Lebanon.

**Benefits:**

## Member banks in the network

1. Arab African International Bank
2. Arab Banking Corporation – Egypt
3. Bank of Alexandria
4. Alexandria Commercial & Maritime Bank
5. ARAB Bank
6. Barclays – Egypt
7. Banque du Caire
8. Blom Bank (Misr Romanian Bank)
9. Banque Misr
10. BNP Paribas Le Caire
11. Calyon Bank Egypt
12. Cairo Far East Bank
13. Commercial International Bank
14. National Bank of Abu Dhabi
15. Delta International Bank
16. Egyptian American Bank
17. Egyptian ARAB Land Bank
18. Piraeus Bank (Egyptian Commercial Bank)
19. Export Development Bank of Egypt
20. Egyptian Gulf Bank
21. Egyptian Saudi Finance Bank
22. Faisal Islamic Bank of Egypt
23. Housing & Development Bank
24. HSBC
25. Misr International Bank
26. Misr Iran Development Bank
27. National Bank for Development
28. National Bank of Oman
29. National Societe Generale Bank
30. Societe Arab Internationale de Banque
31. United Bank Of Egypt
32. Al Watany Bank of Egypt
33. Egypt Post
34. National Bank of Egypt

*

## InfoBox

Egyptian Banks Co. for Technological Advancement, SAE
| Trade name | 123 |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Banking |
| Headquarters | Egypt |
| **Footnotes / references**<br> | |


title: Wólka Tarnowska-Osada

abstract: Wólka Tarnowska-Osada is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Wierzbica, within Chełm County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

text:
# Wólka Tarnowska-Osada

**Wólka Tarnowska-Osada** \[ˈvulka tarˈnɔfska ɔˈsada\] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Wierzbica, within Chełm County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

## InfoBox

| Wólka Tarnowska-Osada | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Wólka Tarnowska-Osada | |
| Coordinates: 51°19′33″N 23°16′39″E / 51.32583°N 23.27750°E / 51.32583; 23.27750 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Chełm |
| Gmina | Wierzbica |


title: Melanoseps occidentalis

abstract: The western limbless skink is an extant species of skink, a lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is found in Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, and Central African Republic.

text:
# Melanoseps occidentalis

The **western limbless skink** (***Melanoseps occidentalis***) is an extant species of skink, a lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is found in Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, and Central African Republic.

## InfoBox

| *Melanoseps occidentalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Scincidae |
| Genus: | *Melanoseps* |
| Species: | ***M. occidentalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Melanoseps occidentalis***<br>(Peters, 1877) | |
|


title: Mars Glacier

abstract: Mars Glacier is a glacier in the southeastern corner of Alexander Island, Antarctica, 6 nautical miles (11 km) long and 2 nautical miles (4 km) wide, flowing south into the George VI Ice Shelf. The glacier lies between Two Step Cliffs and Phobos Ridge. Mars Glacier was first sighted from the air by Lincoln Ellsworth on November 23, 1935, and roughly mapped from photos obtained on that flight by W.L.G. Joerg. It was first surveyed in 1949 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for the planet Mars, the fourth planet from the sun in the Solar System. Although Mars Glacier is not located within the Planet Heights mountain range, it lies nearby, and its name derives from it, along with many other nearby glaciers and landmarks located here which are named after planets, satellites and astrophysicists.

text:
# Mars Glacier

**Mars Glacier** is a glacier in the southeastern corner of Alexander Island, Antarctica, 6 nautical miles (11 km) long and 2 nautical miles (4 km) wide, flowing south into the George VI Ice Shelf. The glacier lies between Two Step Cliffs and Phobos Ridge. Mars Glacier was first sighted from the air by Lincoln Ellsworth on November 23, 1935, and roughly mapped from photos obtained on that flight by W.L.G. Joerg. It was first surveyed in 1949 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for the planet Mars, the fourth planet from the sun in the Solar System.

Although Mars Glacier is not located within the Planet Heights mountain range, it lies nearby, and its name derives from it, along with many other nearby glaciers and landmarks located here which are named after planets, satellites and astrophysicists.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Mars Glacier". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.

71°54′S 68°23′W / 71.900°S 68.383°W / -71.900; -68.383


title: Michael Nightingale

abstract: Alfred George Cyril Michael Nightingale was an English stage, film and television actor. He appeared in 13 of the Carry On film series - the tenth highest number of appearances.

text:
# Michael Nightingale

**Alfred George Cyril Michael Nightingale** (6 October 1922  8 May 1999) was an English stage, film and television actor. He appeared in 13 (9 credited and 4 uncredited) of the *Carry On* film series \- the tenth highest number of appearances.

## Selected filmography

## InfoBox

| Michael Nightingale | |
| --- | --- |
| in *The Avengers* episode *A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Station* (1967) | |
| Born | Alfred George Cyril Michael Nightingale
(1922-10-06)6 October 1922
Brighton, Sussex, England |
| Died | 8 May 1999(1999-05-08) (aged 76)
Wormshill, Kent, England |
| Years active | 1948–1994 |
| Spouse | Violet J Coleman (1956 - ?) |
| Children | one |


title: Loop Loop, Washington

abstract: Loop Loop was a small unincorporated community in Okanogan County, Washington, United States. According to the Geographic Names Information System, this is French for 'wolf wolf'. It was also known as Loup Loup.

text:
# Loop Loop, Washington

**Loop Loop** was a small unincorporated community in Okanogan County, Washington, United States. According to the Geographic Names Information System, this is French for 'wolf wolf'. It was also known as **Loup Loup**.

## InfoBox

| Loop Loop | |
| --- | --- |
| Ghost town | |
| Loop LoopLocation within the state of WashingtonLoop LoopLoop Loop (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 48°27′5″N 119°42′48″W / 48.45139°N 119.71333°W / 48.45139; -119.71333 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Washington |
| County | Okanogan |
| Elevation | 3,540 ft (1,080 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-8 (Pacific (PST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-7 (PDT) |
| GNIS feature ID | 1531337 |


title: Merion Station, Pennsylvania

abstract: Merion Station, also known as Merion, is an unincorporated community in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. It borders Philadelphia to its west and is one of the communities that make up the Philadelphia Main Line. Merion Station is part of Lower Merion Township, Montgomery County. The community is known for its grand mansions and for the wealth of its residents. Merion Station is contiguous to the Overbrook and Overbrook Park neighborhoods of Philadelphia and is also bordered by Lower Merion Township's unincorporated communities of Wynnewood and Bala Cynwyd and the borough of Narberth. As of the 2020 United States census the population was 5,741.

text:
# Merion Station, Pennsylvania

**Merion Station**, also known as **Merion**, is an unincorporated community in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. It borders Philadelphia to its west and is one of the communities that make up the Philadelphia Main Line. Merion Station is part of Lower Merion Township, Montgomery County. The community is known for its grand mansions and for the wealth of its residents.

Merion Station is contiguous to the Overbrook and Overbrook Park neighborhoods of Philadelphia and is also bordered by Lower Merion Township's unincorporated communities of Wynnewood and Bala Cynwyd and the borough of Narberth. As of the 2020 United States census the population was 5,741.

## History

Merion Meeting House was built at the present intersection of Montgomery Avenue and Meetinghouse Lane in 1695 by Welsh settlers.

The General Wayne Inn and Merion Friends Meeting House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Merion Friends Meeting House is also a National Historic Landmark.

## Nomenclature

The community was named after Merionethshire, Wales, the native home of a large share of the first settlers. Merion is often referred to as "Merion Station," as this is the place name that the United States Postal Service recommends using in order to distinguish Merion from other areas in Pennsylvania with similar names. However, the historical name of the town, used by historical figures such as Theodore Roosevelt, is Merion.

## Merion Civic Association

The Merion Civic Association was organized in 1913 by Edward W. Bok with the motto "To be Nation right and State right, we must first be Community right." The Merion Civic Association made several important improvements to Merion such as paving, better lighting, cast-iron street signs, better fire and police protection, and planned tree-planting. President Theodore Roosevelt wrote an article in 1917 for Bok's magazine entitled "Model Merion."

After World War I, the Merion Civic Association sought to construct a community center in memorial to the 81 men from Merion Station who served in the armed forces during the conflict. Eldridge R. Johnson, the founder and president of the Victor Talking Machine Company, donated his house on Hazelhurst Avenue to this cause. The house was demolished and a new Merion Tribute House was built on its foundation. It was built with careful attention to detail, with Gothic patterns and local stone. The stone was shaped on site and window mullions were all hand cut to match. The Tribute House is still used today for meetings of the Merion Civic Association and is supported by renting the space for parties or meetings. Merion also has its own public elementary school—Merion Elementary of the Lower Merion School District on South Bowman Avenue.

## Institutions

The institution for which Merion Station was singularly world-renowned was the Barnes Foundation, an important art collection of Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings amassed by drug entrepreneur Albert C. Barnes that since the 1920s had been housed in a granite mansion with gardens on Latches Lane. The Barnes collection has been moved to a newly designed museum building on Benjamin Franklin Parkway in Center City Philadelphia that includes a replication of Barnes's original gallery in Merion. The Barnes Foundation Merion grounds remain open to the public as the Arboretum at the Barnes Foundation.

In addition to public Merion Elementary, Catholic, all-girls Merion Mercy Academy and its feeder school, Catholic, coeducational Waldron Mercy Academy, and Kohelet Yeshiva High School, formerly Stern Hebrew High School, are located in Merion. Before its move to Bryn Mawr, Akiba Hebrew Academy was located in Merion as was Episcopal Academy prior to its consolidation in Newtown Square.

Merion Botanical Park is located between Merion Road and the railroad tracks and City Line Ave and Civic Center Drive.

Saint Joseph's University straddles City Avenue. It also purchased and repurposed the former Episcopal Academy campus on the Merion Stationside of the Avenue to contain classroom and student activity buildings. The university bought and renovated Merion Gardens Apartments, at the northwest corner of the East Wynnewood Road/City Avenue intersection, for student housing.

## Transportation

The Paoli/Thorndale Line, originally part of the Pennsylvania Railroad, was built through Merion station in the late 19th century. Most SEPTA trains heading east to Philadelphia or west to Thorndale stop at Merion Station, located in the center of Merion Station.

Other public transportation options in Merion Station include the SEPTA Route 44 buses that travels along Old Lancaster Road and Montgomery Avenue between Ardmore and Center City, some of which stop at the Narberth Station; the SEPTA Route 65 bus that traverses the length of City Line Avenue; and the SEPTA Route 105 bus that runs the entire length of the Main Line along Lancaster Avenue (Route 30) and stops at the Wynnewood Shopping Center. All are within walking distance of Merion Station.

## Demographics and government

Merion Station is located in zipcode 19066. Lower Merion Township is responsible for all governance.

According to the 2000 U.S. census, Merion Station has 5,951 residents, 93.6% of whom are White; 2.1% are Black or African American; 2.7% are Asian; and 1.3% are Hispanic or Latino. 95.1% have a high school diploma or higher and 76.7% have a bachelor's degree or higher. 9.4% were born in a foreign country. 12.3% speak a language other than English at home, and out of that percentage the number that speak Hebrew at home is 10.1%. The median household income in 1999 was $103,229, and 2.7% of individuals were below the poverty line.

## Faith communities

Merion Station has a comparatively large Jewish population and serves as home to Temple Adath Israel of the Main Line, a Conservative Jewish congregation. Its Orthodox Jewish population is served by Lower Merion Synagogue on Old Lancaster Road, Aish HaTorah on Montgomery Avenue, Young Israel of the Main Line on Montgomery Avenue, and the Chabad Center of the Main Line, located in the former General Wayne Inn on Montgomery Avenue. Reform Jews in Merion are likely to travel a mile west up Montgomery Avenue to Main Line Reform Temple-Beth Elohim, to Gladwyne's Beth David Congregation, or to Congregation Rodeph Shalom on North Broad Street in Center City.

## Shopping

The main commercial area of Merion Station is located along Montgomery Avenue east and west of its intersection with Old Lancaster Road and extends into neighboring Bala Cynwyd, officially known as the Merion-Cynwyd Commercial District. It includes restaurants, gift shops and other stores, and local landmarks more than a half century old whose reputations extend well beyond Merion Station's limits, notably Hymie's Merion Delicatessen, The Tavern Restaurant, Murray's Delicatessen, Babis's Pharmacy, Bob Wark's Liberty Service Station, and the Township Cleaners.

## Hospitals

Merion Station is served by Lankenau Medical Center, which is part of the larger Main Line Health System that includes Bryn Mawr Hospital and Paoli Hospital. Lankenau, on Lancaster Avenue (U.S. Route 30) in nearby Wynnewood near the Overbrook border, has traditionally been affiliated with either Jefferson or Hahnemann (now Drexel) colleges of medicine and is always (with Bryn Mawr and Paoli) on the list of the nation's top community hospitals. The Lankenau Hospital campus includes affiliated doctors' office and medical services in Medical Building East, Medical Build West and Saunders House, a rehabilitation facility, is located adjacent to Lankenau Hospital.

## Neighborhoods

The community north of Montgomery Avenue surrounding General Wayne Park is usually referred to as Merion Park and is in the same zipcode as Merion Station. It was built by developer Ralph Madway decades after the closing of the General Wayne Racetrack that once drew thousands of spectators to Merion for horse races on the green now the Park's grounds and bounded by Maplewood and Revere Roads.

## Notable people

## Points of interest

## InfoBox

| Merion Station Merion | |
| --- | --- |
| census-designated place | |
| Merion Station post office, which is part of the SEPTA Regional Rail station | |
| Merion StationLocation of Merion Station in PennsylvaniaMerion StationMerion Station (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 39°59′36″N 75°15′04″W / 39.99333°N 75.25111°W / 39.99333; -75.25111 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Pennsylvania |
| County | Montgomery |
| Township | Lower Merion |
| Elevation | 233 ft (71 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 5,741 |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (EST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP Code | 19066 |
| Area codes | 610 and 484 |


title: Ganbare Goemon Pachisuro

abstract: Ganbare Goemon Pachisuro is a slot machine based on the Ganbare Goemon franchise. The game was revealed in February 2009, with the opening of the official website. The site displayed highly detailed 3D rendered pictures of the characters, along with a CGI trailer that runs for one minute and thirty-three seconds. This is the third installment for arcades by Konami based on their Ganbare Goemon series since Mr. Goemon back in 1986 and Medal Game in 1997. The game features three playable modes, each symbolized by a specific character. There is a Goemon-based mode, Ebisumaru-based mode and Princess Yuki-based mode. It has been assumed that each mode has a unique song sung by that character. A second trailer was released on February 17. This seven-minute video went into the game in more detail, explaining various aspects and showing more clips. The game was released in Japan on May 25 the same year and is unlikely to leave into overseas territories. This pachisuro also features many remixes of previous Goemon music. A sequel, Ganbare Goemon Pachisuro 2, was released in September 2011. It is based on Ganbare Goemon 2: Kiteretsu Shōgun Magginesu for the Super Famicom.

text:
# Ganbare Goemon Pachisuro

***Ganbare Goemon Pachisuro*** is a slot machine (known in Japan as "pachisuro") based on the *Ganbare Goemon* franchise. The game was revealed in February 2009, with the opening of the official website. The site displayed highly detailed 3D rendered pictures of the characters, along with a CGI trailer that runs for one minute and thirty-three seconds. This is the third installment for arcades by Konami based on their *Ganbare Goemon* series since *Mr. Goemon* back in 1986 and *Medal Game* in 1997.

The game features three playable modes, each symbolized by a specific character. There is a Goemon-based mode, Ebisumaru-based mode and Princess Yuki-based mode. It has been assumed that each mode has a unique song sung by that character. A second trailer was released on February 17. This seven-minute video went into the game in more detail, explaining various aspects and showing more clips. The game was released in Japan on May 25 the same year and is unlikely to leave into overseas territories. This pachisuro also features many remixes of previous Goemon music (mostly from *Goemon's Great Adventure*).

A sequel, *Ganbare Goemon Pachisuro 2*, was released in September 2011. It is based on *Ganbare Goemon 2: Kiteretsu Shōgun Magginesu* for the Super Famicom.

## InfoBox

| Ganbare Goemon Pachisuro | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | KPE |
| Publisher(s) | Konami |
| Series | *Ganbare Goemon* |
| Platform(s) | Pachislot |
| Release | * JP: May 25, 2009 |


title: Vaughan Brown

abstract: Vaughan Raymond Brown is a former New Zealand cricketer who played in two Test matches and three One Day Internationals during the mid-1980s.

text:
# Vaughan Brown

**Vaughan Raymond Brown** (born 3 November 1959) is a former New Zealand cricketer who played in two Test matches and three One Day Internationals during the mid-1980s.

## Domestic career

Brown was a left-handed middle order batsman and a right-arm off-break bowler. In a first-class career spanning from 1978 to 1989, he played 83 matches for Canterbury and Auckland and took 190 wickets. He was the first recipient of the New Zealand Cricket Council's Young Player to Lord's scholarship, in 1979, but his tenure there was cut short due to an injury sustained in a car accident.

In the early 1980s, Brown figured highly in both the batting and bowling averages in New Zealand domestic cricket. In 1982–83, he was second to Richard Hadlee in the national bowling averages.

## International career

He was picked for the Young New Zealand tour of Zimbabwe in 1984 and the following year he went with the full Test team to Australia. Selected for the first Test at Brisbane, he batted steadily at No 7, took the one wicket that Hadlee did not take in Australia's first innings collapse and held three catches as New Zealand recorded their first-ever victory in Australia by a margin of an innings and 41 runs. But he had no success on a spinner's wicket in the second Test at Sydney and was dropped for the subsequent matches.

Brown never regained his Test place, but in 1988 he was picked for the New Zealand team that contested the World Series ODIs, again in Australia. This time there was little success for either Brown or the team, with all three matches lost. He retired from regular cricket after this season, though he appeared in one further first-class match in 1989/90.

## InfoBox

Vaughan Brown
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Vaughan Raymond Brown |
| Born | 3 November 1959 (1959-11-03) (age 64)<br>Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand |
| Batting | Left-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm offbreak |
| International information | |
| National side |  |
| Test debut (cap 156) | 8 November 1985 v Australia |
| Last Test | 22 November 1985 v Australia |
| ODI debut (cap 59) | 17 January 1988 v Australia |
| Last ODI | 22 January 1988 v Australia |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition Test ODI FC LA  Matches 2 3 83 52  Runs scored 51 44 3,485 799  Batting average 25.50 14.66 29.28 19.48  100s/50s 0/0 0/0 6/19 0/2  Top score 36 32 161 65  Balls bowled 342 66 13,101 1,065  Wickets 1 1 190 25  Bowling average 176.00 75.00 28.97 42.60  5 wickets in innings 0 0 4 0  10 wickets in match 0 0 2 0  Best bowling 1/17 1/24 7/28 2/18  Catches/stumpings 3/– 2/– 49/– 18/– | |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 4 February 2017 | |


title: 1816 Kentucky gubernatorial election

abstract: The 1816 Kentucky gubernatorial election was held on August 5, 1816. Incumbent Democratic-Republican Governor Isaac Shelby was term-limited, and could not seek a second consecutive term. Former state auditor of public accounts George Madison was elected unopposed. Madison died on October 14, 1816, six weeks after taking office, and was succeeded by Lieutenant Governor Gabriel Slaughter.

text:
# 1816 Kentucky gubernatorial election

The **1816 Kentucky gubernatorial election** was held on August 5, 1816.

Incumbent Democratic-Republican Governor Isaac Shelby was term-limited, and could not seek a second consecutive term.

Former state auditor of public accounts George Madison was elected unopposed.

Madison died on October 14, 1816, six weeks after taking office, and was succeeded by Lieutenant Governor Gabriel Slaughter.

## General election

### Candidates

#### Withdrawn

### Results

1816 Kentucky gubernatorial election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic-Republican** | **George Madison** | **47,442** | **100.00%** |  |
| Turnout | | | 47,442 |  |  |
|  | Democratic-Republican **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

## InfoBox

1816 Kentucky gubernatorial election
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Nominee **George Madison**    Party Democratic-Republican   Popular vote **47,442**   Percentage **100.00%** | |
| ---  **Governor before election**
Isaac Shelby
Democratic-Republican **Elected Governor**
George Madison
Democratic-Republican | |


title: Murphys Creek Railway Complex

abstract: Murphys Creek Railway Complex is a heritage-listed railway yard on the Main Line railway at Odin Street, Murphys Creek, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1921 to c. 1949. It is also known as Murphys Creek Locomotive Water Tank & Tower. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 24 September 1999.

text:
# Murphys Creek Railway Complex

**Murphys Creek Railway Complex** is a heritage-listed railway yard on the Main Line railway at Odin Street, Murphys Creek, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1921 to c.1949. It is also known as Murphys Creek Locomotive Water Tank & Tower. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 24 September 1999.

## History

Murphy's Creek Railway Station opened in 1867 on completion of the Main Range segment of the Ipswich-Toowoomba stage of the Southern and Western Railway. The station closed in 1992. The township of Murphy's Creek developed as a direct result of the construction of the railway station. The name Murphy's Creek was a reference to a creek named after a shepherd who had a hut in the area of the time of the 1864 survey for the Main Range Railway.

Tenders were invited in January 1867 for the construction of station buildings at Murphy's Creek.

Locomotives in the early years of operation on the Main Range had a limited water carrying capacity, and as a result water halts were required at Helidon, Murphy's Creek, and Highfields (later Spring Bluff). At Spring Bluff a 7,000-imperial-gallon (32,000 L; 8,400 US gal) water supply was created by damming a spring then gravity feeding the water to a water column situated in the station yard. Prior to the completion of the rail link, the Murphy's Creek area was referred to as a "feeding place for the engines" on the 30-kilometre (19 mi) range climb to Toowoomba, by a correspondent for the Brisbane Courier. Similarly, a journalist for the Darling Downs Gazette who had made the trip on a special picnic train from Murphy's Creek to Toowoomba prior to the opening of the Main Range Railway, described a water tank at Murphy's Creek for the use of locomotives.

In 1871 a goods shed was provided at Murphy's Creek for increasing goods traffic. Ten years after completion of the Southern and Western Railway, traffic on the line had increased to the extent that the station yard, track layout and buildings were considered cramped and additional room was required to pass trains, on the single line track. In May 1877 tenders were called for a booking office and platform; the accepted tenders were priced at 1,287 and 1,640 respectively. This work was completed in 1878, along with an extra siding. At the completion of the work in 1879 the water supply for locomotives was expanded with the installation of an 11,000 imperial gallons (50,000 L; 13,000 US gal) water tank.

The station yard was resignalled in 1884. At this time according to the Working Timetable, Murphy's Creek consisted of a station building, with telegraph connection and a watering point.

In November 1884 a reserve for railway purposes was set aside opposite the railway station. A forkline, or turning triangle, for locomotives was constructed on this site in 1885. Prior to construction of the forkline, the Working Timetable made mention of a turntable being situated at Murphy's Creek. The forkline was established in response to the inability of early steam locomotives to ascend the Main Range without reducing their load at Murphy's Creek. Trains would descend from Toowoomba to assist in hauling loads and from the early 1900s banking engines were used to help push trains up the Range from Murphy's Creek. At the same time that the forkline was constructed, a timber loading bank and gantry also were built, for loading stone from nearby quarries.

The ladies waiting room and the station lamp room were both destroyed by fire in February 1887. A new signal cabin and interlocked signalling was installed in 1913, as part of the duplication work being completed between Laidley and Helidon to speed up workings on the western main line, and increase train movements.

In 1917 Murphy's Creek was closed as a watering station for trains working on the Main Range and watering stops were provided elsewhere on the line. However, in August 1921 an 8,000-imperial-gallon (36,000 L; 9,600 US gal) single-tier water tank for use in emergencies was erected at Murphy's Creek, which was used by crews requiring additional water supplies running on to the Main Range section. Helidon was also supplied with watering facilities.

Water softening plants were installed at Helidon and Murphy's Creek, to soften water using lime. This was to prevent a buildup of scale in locomotive boilers that would shorten the life of boilers. A sand box (shed) was also provided to store sand which had been previously dried in a furnace, as an aid for traction on slippery rails on steep grades and sharp curves of the Main Range section. The sand shed was to replenish a reservoir situated atop the boiler barrel of locomotives (sand dome), and was activated by a lever in the engine cab. Water was pumped from the nearby creek into the storage tank by a steam pump, operated from a stationary boiler.

By 1949 the capacity of the 1921 water tank at Murphy's Creek had been doubled with the addition of a second tier to the tank. The largest tender capacity carried by a Queensland steam locomotive was 3,500 imperial gallons (16,000 L; 4,200 US gal), and the Murphy's Creek tank held approximately three times this amount.

The use of Murphy's Creek as a station diminished with the introduction of diesel-electric motive power in 1952, and complete dieselisation of Brisbane to Toowoomba services in June 1956. Prior to the introduction of the new motive power, on goods trains up to 12 hours could be spent working between Brisbane and Toowoomba. Prior to dieselisation in 1956, over 49 light engine movements alone were timetabled on the Toowoomba-Murphy's Creek section. 83 working hours a day was taken up in light engine running and banking time on the range from the Willowburn depot. Engines would also attach to trains at Helidon or Lockyer stations depending on how locomotives were performing. The new motive power eliminated the need to run attached locomotives on the range section.

In 1963 the raised timber platform at Murphy's Creek station (similar to that at Grandchester) was removed and replaced by a ground level gravel platform and a new 14-lever interlocked signal cabin was provided with the rearrangement of signalling of the Murphy's Creek shunting yard. Steam operations on the Main Range had ceased by the mid-1960s.

Murphy's Creek railway station was closed in 1992, with the introduction of Centralised Traffic Control (CTC) along the Main Range line. This form of computerised and radio safeworking rendered the former mechanical form of signalling, interlocking and staff working obsolete. The station and associated buildings were sold to the local Murphy's Creek Progress Association in 1993. The water tank was in use prior to and post closure as a water supply for the local township, and also as an emergency water storage facility during bush fires. The water tank was retained by Queensland Railways for the use of special steam-hauled excursion trains operating between Brisbane and Toowoomba, but was placed out of use in 1994.

## Description

Murphy's Creek Railway Complex, which includes a station building, signal cabin, water tank, trolley shed and forkline, is located in the rural hamlet of Murphy's Creek at the base of the Main Range. Most of the complex is contained within the railway corridor, with the forkline situated north-west of the corridor, on the opposite side of Odin Street. A crossing loop runs along the extent of the station.

### Station Building

The Murphy's Creek Station building is a single-storeyed rectangular timber structure, centrally positioned on a north-east facing station platform. The building is timber-framed and clad with chamferboards, set on stumps. A gabled roof of corrugated iron projects towards the platform, supported by timber brackets.

The building consists of two sections, divided by a central open shelter shed. The main elevations of both sections have a multi-paned sash window and two timber doors that provide access to rooms from the platform. The two doors closest to the waiting area on each section are four-panelled timber doors.

The south-east end of the building (which appears to be the earlier section) has wide chamferboards of 270 millimetres (11 in). Mounted on the chamferboards facing the platform is a timber cabinet and two small metal "staff" boxes. The chamferboards on the north-west end of the building are of a shorter width.

The interior of the shelter shed has a ticket window on its south-east wall. chamferboards of a shorter width line the wall beneath window height. The rear wall is lined with vertical tongue and groove boards and an entrance provides access from the rear of the building. The floor is lined with timber boards.

The rear elevation has a multi-paned sash window in the south-east section with the wider chamferboards. A small flight of timber stairs lead to the shelter shed entrance. On the north-west end, access to a room is provided via a timber door.

The east elevation of the building has a hooded multi-paned sash window. A modern timber picket fence stands between the station building and the railway line.

### Signal Cabin

The signal cabin is a free-standing small timber building sheltered by a skillion roof, located close to the station building at its south-east end. The cabin is clad in weatherboards and sits on a concrete base. The cabin has glass louvre windows on its main elevation and a set of timber casement windows on its east elevation. Access is provided by a door on its west elevation. A small corrugated iron watertank on timber stumps sits at the rear of the building.

### Trolley Shed

Located approximately 25 metres (82 ft) east of the platform is the trolley shed. The trolley shed is rectangular, clad in unpainted corrugated iron and sheltered by a skillion roof. The main elevation is filled by three bays, each with hinged double doors with timber battens and internal diagonal braces.

### Water Tank

Murphy's Creek water tank is situated 120 metres (390 ft) north-west of the Murphy's Creek railway station. The water tank is constructed of cast iron, with the 1921 8,000-imperial-gallon (36,000 L; 9,600 US gal) capacity tank forming the lower element of the water storage, and a second, later tier doubling the overall storage capacity. The lower tier features decorative castings on the iron facings. The tank is elevated above the height of the locomotive tender for a steam locomotive being supported on a timber frame approximately 6 metres (20 ft) in height, consisting of 10 hardwood cross braced piles. The piles are marked with inspection dates, detailing maintenance work, and timber treatment carried out until 1994.

The tank is internally braced, and also wind braced externally. Unlike the water tank retained at Grandchester station, the Murphy's Creek tank features a high flow water delivery system utilising a water jib or crane. An electric pump is used to reticulate water into the tank being supplied from mains power. A swing jib is situated on the north tank face adjacent to the mainline, and is used to deliver water through a gravity-fed pipe-work system into a corresponding filling hole on the tender water tank of a steam locomotive. A canvas hose is used to direct the flow of water into the tender tank. The jib is operated manually by a locomotive fireman standing on the tender tank, swinging the jib to a position 90 degrees from the face of the tank and controlling the flow of water from the jib via a valve and float system actuated on the filling pipe. An inspection ladder is situated on the east face of the tank enabling access to the tank for maintenance purposes. A fluorescent light is also affixed to the tank headstocks to illuminate the area at night.

Approximately four metres to the east of the tank base are three concrete foundation blocks used to support the former water softening plant (now removed). A wooden sandbox used to replenish sandboxes on diesel-electric locomotives with traction on the Main Range is also located adjacent to the base of the tank. A safety fence (1996), between the rear of the tank and a large drainage ditch, is situated at the Odin Street aspect of the tank base.

### Forkline

Veering from the main line, between the station building and the watertank, is a turning triangle or forkline, on a raised formation in a large grassed area south of the railway corridor. A groundframe and electric release are positioned at the beginning of the forkline, which passes through a gate of timber post-and-rail over a small culvert. From the gate the railway crosses Odin Street extending in a large curve to the south, terminating at an earth stop block. To the west, it terminates at a raised concrete loading bank. A triangle is formed by a section of track that links the southern and western extensions before their termination. Trailing points are positioned on the southern and western corners of the turning triangle.

## Heritage listing

Murphys Creek Railway Complex was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 24 September 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.

**The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.**

The Murphy's Creek Railway Complex is important in demonstrating the evolution of transport patterns in Queensland, in particular the establishment and development of Queensland's Railways during the steam locomotive era 1865–1969.

The provision of water to locomotives on the Main Range Railway was a critical part of the journey and the introduction of the Murphy's Creek Railway Station was directly related to its use as a watering stop.

**The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage.**

Murphy's Creek Water Tank is a rare and still operable water tank used for the replenishing of steam locomotives operating on the Main Range railway. Water tanks were a common and important feature of railway infrastructure in Queensland, but the majority have been demolished, sold or removed from railway property. The tank was maintained by Queensland Rail as a water supply for steam locomotives on special excursion trips between Brisbane and Toowoomba until 1994.

**The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.**

In its provision of water tank, forkline, station building, signal cabin and trolley shed, the Murphy's Creek Railway Complex contributes to an understanding of steam locomotive and train operations on the Main Range Railway between Helidon and Toowoomba for a period of nearly a century, and serves as a reminder of the operation and maintenance of this form of locomotive technology.

### Attribution

This Wikipedia article was originally based on *"The Queensland heritage register"* published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 7 July 2014, archived on 8 October 2014). The geo-coordinates were originally computed from the *"Queensland heritage register boundaries"* published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 5 September 2014, archived on 15 October 2014).

Media related to Murphys Creek railway station at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Murphys Creek Railway Complex | |
| --- | --- |
| Murphys Creek railway station, 2011 | |
| Location | Odin Street, Murphys Creek, Queensland, Australia |
| Coordinates | 27°27′49″S 152°03′33″E / 27.4635°S 152.0592°E / -27.4635; 152.0592 |
| Design period | 1840s - 1860s (mid-19th century) |
| Built | 1921 - c.1949 |
|  | |
| Queensland Heritage Register | |
| Official name | Murphys Creek Railway Complex, Murphys Creek Locomotive Water Tank and Tower |
| Type | state heritage (landscape, built) |
| Designated | 24 September 1999 |
| Reference no. | 601532 |
| Significant period | 1867-1992 (historical) |
| Significant components | views to, tank - water |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Murphys Creek Railway Complex in QueenslandMurphys Creek Railway Complex (Australia) | |


title: Visconti Citadel (Piacenza)

abstract: The Visconti Citadel of Piacenza is a fortification erected by the Visconti of Milan in the 14th century in Piacenza, Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy. In the 16th century, a new building was planned and initiated on the Citadel's site but remained uncompleted. Therefore, about half of the Citadel was not destroyed and survived until today.

text:
# Visconti Citadel (Piacenza)

The **Visconti Citadel of Piacenza** is a fortification erected by the Visconti of Milan in the 14th century in Piacenza, Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy. In the 16th century, a new building (Palazzo Farnese) was planned and initiated on the Citadel's site but remained uncompleted. Therefore, about half of the Citadel was not destroyed and survived until today.

## History

### Origins (14th century)

Galeazzo I Visconti initiated a fortification (Old Citadel) around 1315. Its construction was probably interrupted in 1322 when the Visconti abandoned Piacenza. Azzone Visconti retook Piacenza in 1337. The building was resumed only in 1373, at the behest of Galeazzo II. The new Citadel incorporated the old fortification.

The Citadel had a rectangular plan with four round towers at every corner. The entire rectangle measured approximately 90 metres (300 ft) by 70 metres (230 ft) m. The four towers were about 20 metres (66 ft) high. The four sides were interrupted by entrance towers with drawbridges. A deep moat ran around the new Citadel. It was filled in the early 1800s.

Its considerable size makes the Citadel comparable to the Pavia castle, the largest of the Visconti castles.

### Partial demolition to make room for Palazzo Farnese (16th century)

In 1558, the Farnese family began the construction of the Farnese Palace after a project by the architect Vignola. The project included a new building on the perimeter of the Citadel that preserved the moat. From that year on, therefore, the demolitions began starting from the southeastern side.

The construction of Palazzo Farnese was interrupted in the 17th century and was never resumed. Therefore, on the initial perimeter of the Citadel, one half was occupied by Palazzo Farnese, while in the other half, the Citadel has survived until today.

## Today

The Visconti Citadel and Palazzo Farnese's complex today hosts the Piacenza Civic Museum.

## Sources

* Perogalli, Carlo (1972). *Castelli e rocche di Emilia e Romagna* (in Italian). Milano: Görlich Editore.
* Artocchini, Carmen (1983). *Castelli piacentini* (in Italian). Piacenza: Tipolitografia TEP.

## InfoBox

| Visconti Citadel (Piacenza) | |
| --- | --- |
| *Cittadella Viscontea di Piacenza* | |
| Piacenza, Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy | |
| The west corner; on the right, beyond the entrance tower, the uncompleted Palazzo Farnese | |
| Visconti Citadel (Piacenza) | |
| Coordinates | 45°03′20″N 9°41′46″E / 45.05556°N 9.69611°E / 45.05556; 9.69611 |
| Type | Citadel |
| Height | 20 metres (66 ft) (towers) |
| Length | 90 metres (300 ft) (longer sides) |
| Site information | |
| Owner | Municipality of Piacenza |
| Open to<br>the public | Yes |
| Condition | Half preserved |
| Site history | |
| Built | 14th century |
| Built by | Galeazzo I Visconti, Galeazzo II Visconti |
| Materials | Bricks |


title: Martha Lee Walters

abstract: Martha Lee Walters is an American labor attorney and who served as the 43rd chief justice of Oregon from 2018 to 2022; she was a member of the court from 2006 to 2022. She became the first female justice on the state's highest court in three years when she was appointed in 2006 and the first female chief justice when she was elected by her fellow justices in 2018. A native of Michigan, she worked on the Casey Martin lawsuit against the PGA Tour while in private legal practice.

text:
# Martha Lee Walters

**Martha Lee Walters** (born October 23, 1950) is an American labor attorney and who served as the 43rd chief justice of Oregon from 2018 to 2022; she was a member of the court from 2006 to 2022. She became the first female justice on the state's highest court in three years when she was appointed in 2006 and the first female chief justice when she was elected by her fellow justices in 2018. A native of Michigan, she worked on the Casey Martin lawsuit against the PGA Tour while in private legal practice.

## Early life and education

Walters was born on October 23, 1950, in Grand Rapids, Michigan, where she grew up. After high school she attended the University of Michigan, where she graduated in 1972 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. Walters earned a Juris Doctor from the University of Oregon School of Law in Eugene, Oregon, graduating in 1977 and earning Order of the Coif.

## Career

Walters was the founder and president of the Eugene law firm of Walters, Chanti & Zennache. In 1998, she was given the Public Justice Award by the Oregon Trial Lawyers. She served as a delegate to the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and as a member of the American Law Institute. While in private practice, she was a specialist in employment and labor law. She represented disabled golfer Casey Martin in his lawsuit against the PGA Tour to allow Martin to use a golf cart during tournaments.

She was appointed to the Oregon Supreme Court as a justice by Governor Ted Kulongoski and was sworn into office on October 9, 2006, to replace Justice R. William Riggs who had retired. Walters was the first female justice on the court since 2003 when Susan M. Leeson left the court. In 2007, Walters was elected as the president of the Uniform Law Commission, becoming that organization's first female president. Walters won election to a full six-year term on the court in 2008, and was re-elected in 2014.

In June 2018, Walters was elected as chief justice of Oregon by her colleagues on the Supreme Court, and replaced Thomas A. Balmer in that role effective July 1, 2018. In October 2022, Walters announced her retirement effective December 31, 2022.

## Personal life

Walters is married to John VanLandingham IV, a low-income housing advocate and mobile home-housing specialist. The couple has two children.

## InfoBox

| Martha Walters | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Chief Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court | |
| **In office**
July 1, 2018  December 31, 2022 | |
| Preceded by | Thomas A. Balmer |
| Succeeded by | Meagan Flynn |
| Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court | |
| **In office**
October 9, 2006  December 31, 2022 | |
| Appointed by | Ted Kulongoski |
| Preceded by | R. William Riggs |
| Succeeded by | Bronson James |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1950-10-23) October 23, 1950
Grand Rapids, Michigan, U.S. |
| Spouse | John VanLandingham |
| Education | University of Michigan (BA)
University of Oregon (JD) |
|  | |


title: Michael Nigro

abstract: Michael Nigro is an American politician and a member of the Democratic Party who has served in the Vermont House of Representatives since 2021. Nigro serves on the House Committee on Commerce and Economic Development.

text:
# Michael Nigro

**Michael Nigro** is an American politician and a member of the Democratic Party who has served in the Vermont House of Representatives since 2021.

Nigro serves on the House Committee on Commerce and Economic Development.

## InfoBox

| Michael Nigro | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Vermont House of Representatives
from the Bennington 2-2 district | |
| **In office**
January 6, 2021  January 2023Serving with Mary A. Morrissey | |
| Preceded by | Jim Carroll |
| Succeeded by | Jim Carroll |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Alma mater | SUNY Geneseo
Plymouth State University |
|  | |


title: Tristagma

abstract: Tristagma is a genus of South American plants in the onion subfamily with the Amaryllis family. It includes 17 species native to Peru, Argentina, and Chile in South America.

text:
# Tristagma

***Tristagma*** is a genus of South American plants in the onion subfamily with the Amaryllis family. It includes 17 species native to Peru, Argentina, and Chile in South America.

## Species

17 species are accepted.

1. *Tristagma ameghinoi* (Speg.) Speg. \- Mendoza \+ Santa Cruz Provinces of Argentina
2. *Tristagma anemophilum* Ravenna \- Neuquén Province of Argentina
3. *Tristagma berteroi* (Kunth) S.C.Arroyo & Sassone \- Valparaíso Region of Chile
4. *Tristagma bivalve* (Hook. ex Lindl.) Traub \- central Chile
5. *Tristagma circinatum* (Sandwith) Traub \- Neuquén Province of Argentina
6. *Tristagma gracile* (Phil.) Traub - central Chile
7. *Tristagma graminifolium* (Phil.) Ravenna \- central Chile
8. *Tristagma lineatum* Ravenna \- Santiago Region of Chile
9. *Tristagma lomarum* Ravenna \- Arequipa Region of Peru
10. *Tristagma nivale* Poepp. \- central + southern Chile, southern Argentina
11. *Tristagma patagonicum* (Baker) Traub \- southern Argentina
12. *Tristagma poeppigianum* (Gay) Traub - central Chile
13. *Tristagma porrifolium* (Poepp.) Traub \- central Chile
14. *Tristagma sessile* (Phil.) Traub \- Chaco Province of Argentina, central Chile, Uruguay
15. *Tristagma staminosum* Ravenna \- O'Higgins Region of Chile
16. *Tristagma violaceum* (Kunth) Traub – central Chile
17. *Tristagma yauriense* Ravenna \- Puno Province of Peru

### Formerly included

Several names have been coined using the name *Tristagma* but referring to species now considered better suited other genera including *Ipheion, Leucocoryne*, and *Nothoscordum.*

## Bibliography

* Sassone, Agostina B.; Giussani, Liliana M.; Guaglianone, Encarnación Rosa (30 April 2013). "Multivariate studies of Ipheion (Amaryllidaceae, Allioideae) and related genera". *Plant Systematics and Evolution*. **299** (8): 1561–1575. Bibcode:2013PSyEv.299.1561S. doi:10.1007/s00606-013-0819-5. hdl:11336/18970.

## InfoBox

| *Tristagma* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Tristagama patagonicum* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Amaryllidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Allioideae |
| Tribe: | Gilliesieae |
| Genus: | *Tristagma*
Poepp. (1833) |
|
| Type species | |
| *Tristagma nivale*
Poepp. | |
| Species | |
| 17; see text | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Garaventia* Looser (1941) * *Gardinia* Bertero (1829), not validly published * *Steinmannia* Phil. (1884), illegitimate homonym not Opiz 1852 (Polygonaceae) | |