title: ReachLocal

abstract: ReachLocal, Inc. (ReachLocal), a divisions of Gannett, was a provider of digital marketing solutions to businesses in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. ReachLocal now operates as LocaliQ in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom.

text:
# ReachLocal

**ReachLocal, Inc. (ReachLocal)**, a divisions of Gannett, was a provider of digital marketing solutions to businesses in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. ReachLocal now operates as LocaliQ in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom.

## History

ReachLocal was founded in 2003 by Zorik Gordon, Nathan Hanks, Michael Kline, Robert Wright, John Mazur, and Robert "Rick" Spitz.

ReachLocal's first product was a search engine advertising service called ReachSearch. This technology places businesses’ advertisements on multiple search engines, including Google, Yahoo! and Bing. ReachLocal has since introduced a range of digital marketing products, including ReachEdge, its lead conversion software.

In 2010, ReachLocal launched its initial public offering (IPO). Before the company's IPO, ReachLocal was venture-backed by VantagePoint Venture Partners, Rho Ventures and Galleon Special Opportunities Partners Fund LP.

In February 2011, ReachLocal acquired DealOn, a local deals company for approximately $10 million.

In April of 2014, ReachLocal appointed Sharon Rowlands as chief executive officer and member of its board of directors, replacing interim CEO David Carlick.

In June of 2016, the company was acquired by Gannett for about $156 million.

In January 2019, Gannett named Kevin Gentzel, who became the media company's first chief revenue officer in 2015, as president of USA TODAY Network Marketing Solutions, when Sharon Rowlands was appointed the CEO of Web.com.

In February of 2023, ReachLocal became LocaliQ in the United States and Canada.

## Staff and clients

As of March 2017, ReachLocal had over 1,300 employees across 68 offices located in the United States, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Mexico, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Singapore, Austria, India, Belgium, and Japan. As of February 2016, the company had more than 17,000 active clients.

## Services

In addition to search engine marketing, ReachLocal provides other online marketing services. In 2005, the company launched ReachSearch, a search engine advertising product designed to attract more leads from consumers. The product achieves this by placing text advertisements on leading search engines and directories.

In 2009, ReachLocal introduced ReachDisplay, an online display advertising service that places banner advertisements on premium websites. The following year, the company built ReachCast, a web marketing service, and launched a site retargeting product called ReachRemarketing in 2011.

ReachRetargeting was launched in 2012, followed by the launch of the website and lead management system ReachEdge in 2013. In 2014, ReachLocal introduced a search engine optimization service, ReachSEO. In 2015, ReachLocal launched ReachListings, for local listings management. In 2016, ReachLocal launched ReachSocial Ads, Facebook advertising, and enhanced their SEO product, ReachSEO.

## Technology

The company has developed various technologies to assist their clients in publishing their campaigns and tracking, optimizing and reporting results for a variety of their services. In September 2012, the company released the first ReachLocal mobile application, which provides real-time lead notifications and reports to their clients, followed by the ReachEdge app in 2013.

ReachEdge, the company's marketing automation platform released in 2013, provides clients with a list of leads, sources, actions needed, performance and reports. The platform consists of a website, lead management software and the aforementioned mobile application.

In February 2014, ReachLocal released LigerMobile, an open source framework that assists in the development of hybrid apps.

## InfoBox

ReachLocal
|
|  |
| Company type | Division |
| Industry | Online marketing |
| Founded | 2003 |
| Headquarters | Woodland Hills, California, United States |
| Area served | North America
Australia
New Zealand |
| Revenue | 514.07 million (As of 2013) |
| Parent | Gannett |


title: Paul Götz

abstract: Paul Götz (1883–1962) was a German astronomer and discoverer of 20 minor planets between 1903 and 1905. He did his Ph.D. dissertation in 1907 at the Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl at the University of Heidelberg. At the time, the observatory at Heidelberg was a center for asteroid discovery under the direction of Max Wolf, and several past and future fellow Ph.D.s made a number of asteroid discoveries. Thus the asteroid discoveries by "P. Gotz" at Heidelberg in this time frame are undoubtedly identified with the Paul Götz who got his Ph.D. in 1907. The main-belt asteroid 2278 Götz was named in his memory in 1991.

text:
# Paul Götz

Minor planets discovered: 20
| 520 Franziska\[1\] | October 27, 1903 |
| --- | --- |
| 538 Friederike | July 18, 1904 |
| 542 Susanna\[2\] | August 15, 1904 |
| 543 Charlotte | September 11, 1904 |
| 544 Jetta | September 11, 1904 |
| 545 Messalina | October 3, 1904 |
| 546 Herodias | October 10, 1904 |
| 547 Praxedis | October 14, 1904 |
| 548 Kressida | October 14, 1904 |
| 554 Peraga | January 8, 1905 |
| 556 Phyllis | January 8, 1905 |
| 563 Suleika | April 6, 1905 |
| 564 Dudu | May 9, 1905 |
| 566 Stereoskopia | May 28, 1905 |
| 567 Eleutheria | May 28, 1905 |
| 568 Cheruskia | July 26, 1905 |
| 571 Dulcinea | September 4, 1905 |
| 572 Rebekka | September 19, 1905 |
| 576 Emanuela | September 22, 1905 |
| 1418 Fayeta | September 22, 1903 |
| 1  with Max Wolf
2  with August Kopff | |

**Paul Götz** (1883–1962) was a German astronomer and discoverer of 20 minor planets between 1903 and 1905.

He did his Ph.D. dissertation in 1907 at the *Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl* (Königstuhl Observatory, near Heidelberg) at the University of Heidelberg.

At the time, the observatory at Heidelberg was a center for asteroid discovery under the direction of Max Wolf, and several past and future fellow Ph.D.s (Raymond Smith Dugan, Joseph Helffrich, Franz Kaiser, Karl Reinmuth, Emil Ernst, Alfred Bohrmann) made a number of asteroid discoveries. Thus the asteroid discoveries by "P. Gotz" at Heidelberg in this time frame are undoubtedly identified with the Paul Götz who got his Ph.D. in 1907.

The main-belt asteroid 2278 Götz was named in his memory in 1991 (M.P.C. 18447).


title: Richtmyer Memorial Award

abstract: The Richtmyer Memorial Award is an award for physics education, named for physicist Floyd K. Richtmyer and given annually by the American Association of Physics Teachers. Its recipients include over 15 Nobel Prize winners.

text:
# Richtmyer Memorial Award

The **Richtmyer Memorial Award** is an award for physics education, named for physicist Floyd K. Richtmyer and given annually by the American Association of Physics Teachers. Its recipients include over 15 Nobel Prize winners.

## Establishment and award criteria

Floyd T. Richtmyer (1881–1939) was one of the first presidents of the American Association of Physics Teachers and his work helped shape the development of physics in the United States. The Richtmyer Award was established in 1941, and is typically given to educators who have made outstanding contributions as teachers in their fields. It is awarded to those who have not only produced important current research in physics, but to those who have, by means of communication to both students and other educators, imparted information and motivation to participants in the field. The effective use of a teaching method in order to pass on information, and to stimulate interest in physics, is seen as being worthy of recognition in its own right, in addition to the importance of the production of new research.

Recipients of the award deliver a Keynote Address, the annual Richtmyer Lecture, which is designed for communication with non-specialist audiences, during the AAPT Winter Meeting.

## Recipients

Past recipients of the award include "a long list of giants in the field of physics" such as UC Berkeley Chancellor Robert J. Birgeneau (1989); Steven Chu of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (1990), who also is a UC Berkeley professor of physics and a physics Nobelist, and who has been the 12th United States Secretary of Energy since 2009; and physicists Charles Townes (1959), Emilio Segrè (1957), J. Robert Oppenheimer (1947), and Nobel prize winner Carl Wieman of the University of Colorado at Boulder in 1996.

Since its foundation in 1941, the following scientists from a wide number of institutions have received this award:

Source: American Association of Physics Teachers

## Significance

It is the emphasis on mentoring younger teachers that has made the Richtmyer Award distinct from other teaching awards that centre mainly upon the education of students. The Richtmyer Award is the forerunner of modern awards such as the Young Faculty Award (YFA) program established by DARPA, the aim of which is to identify and engage rising research stars in junior faculty positions at U.S. academic institutions.


title: Pararrhaptica longiplicata

abstract: Pararrhaptica longiplicata is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It was first described by Lord Walsingham in 1907. It is endemic to the Hawaiian islands of Kauai, Oahu, Maui, Lanai and Hawaii. The larvae feed on Myrsine species.

text:
# Pararrhaptica longiplicata

***Pararrhaptica longiplicata*** is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It was first described by Lord Walsingham in 1907. It is endemic to the Hawaiian islands of Kauai, Oahu, Maui, Lanai and Hawaii.

The larvae feed on *Myrsine* species.

* Zimmerman, Elwood C. (1978). *Insects of Hawaii*. Vol. **9** Microlepidoptera. The University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu. hdl:10125/7338.

## InfoBox

| *Pararrhaptica longiplicata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Pararrhaptica* |
| Species: | ***P. longiplicata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pararrhaptica longiplicata***<br>(Walsingham in Sharp, 1907) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pararrhaptica longiplicatus* * *Archips longiplicatus* Walsingham in Sharp, 1907 * *Tortrix longiplicata* * *Eulia longiplicata* | |


title: Retrofuture (album)

abstract: Retrofuture is the sixth studio album by Tiger Army, and the second with producer Ted Hutt, and was released on September 13, 2019. Lead vocalist Nick 13 said the album had a more stripped and guitar-driven production than the band's previous releases. They also say they used vintage equipment in the recording to get a retro 1950s sound. The album features a range of songs in modernized bygone genres, such as classic rock n’ roll, spaghetti-western and doo-wop.

text:
# Retrofuture (album)

***Retrofuture*** is the sixth studio album by Tiger Army, and the second with producer Ted Hutt, and was released on September 13, 2019. Lead vocalist Nick 13 said the album had a more stripped and guitar-driven production than the band's previous releases. They also say they used vintage equipment in the recording to get a retro 1950s sound. The album features a range of songs in modernized bygone genres, such as classic rock n’ roll, spaghetti-western and doo-wop.

## Track listing

*Retrofuture* track listing
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Tercio de Muerte (Prelude)" | 2:36 |
| 2. | "Beyond the Veil" | 2:38 |
| 3. | "Last Ride" | 3:16 |
| 4. | "Valentina" | 3:25 |
| 5. | "The Past Will Always Be" | 3:28 |
| 6. | "Devil That You Don't Know" | 1:57 |
| 7. | "Death Card" | 2:53 |
| 8. | "Sundown" | 3:01 |
| 9. | "Eyes of the Night" | 1:21 |
| 10. | "Mi Amor la Luna" | 3:31 |
| 11. | "Black Neon" | 3:13 |
| 12. | "Night Flower" | 2:20 |
| 13. | "Shadowlight" | 2:08 |
| Total length: | | 35:47 |

## Personnel

* Greg Calbi – mastering
* Keith Cooper – backing vocals
* Djordje Stijepovic – standup bass
* Mike Fasano – drums
* Linas Garsys – artwork
* Ben Grey – backing vocals
* Ted Hutt – acoustic guitar, mixing, producer, shaker, tambourine
* Sergie Loobkoff – artwork
* Ryan Mall – engineer
* Don Nemarnik – technician
* Nick 13 – composer, guitar, vocals
* Skinhead Rob – backing vocals
* Jason Stockwell – technician
* Dave Whiston – guitar technician

## Charts

Chart performance of *Retrofuture*
| Chart (2020) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Independent Albums (*Billboard*) | 9 |
| US Top Album Sales (*Billboard*) | 29 |
| US Vinyl Albums (*Billboard*) | 12 |

## InfoBox

| Retrofuture | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Tiger Army | |
| Released | September 13, 2019 (2019-09-13) |
| Studio |  |
| Genre | Psychobilly |
| Length | 35:47 |
| Label | Rise |
| Tiger Army chronology | |
| *V •••–*
(2016) ***Retrofuture***
(2019) | |


title: Joe Cooke (footballer)

abstract: Joseph Cooke is a retired professional footballer from Dominica who spent his entire career in England. He began his career at as a centre-forward, but was later converted into a central defender.

text:
# Joe Cooke (footballer)

**Joseph Cooke** (born 15 February 1955) is a retired professional footballer from Dominica who spent his entire career in England. He began his career at as a centre-forward, but was later converted into a central defender.

## Career

Beginning at Bradford City, Cooke also played for Peterborough United, Oxford United, Exeter City, Rochdale and Wrexham.

## Personal life

His sister is children's author and Playdays presenter Trish Cooke.

## InfoBox

Joe Cooke
|  | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Joseph Cooke | | |
| Date of birth | (1955-02-15) 15 February 1955 | | |
| Place of birth | Dominica | | |
| Height | 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender / Striker | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 1970–1971 | Bradford City | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1971–1979 | Bradford City | 204 | (62) |
| 1979 | Peterborough United | 18 | (5) |
| 1979–1981 | Oxford United | 72 | (13) |
| 1981–1982 | Exeter City | 17 | (3) |
| 1982–1984 | Bradford City | 67 | (6) |
| 1984–1986 | Rochdale | 75 | (4) |
| 1986–1988 | Wrexham | 51 | (4) |
| Total |  | **504** | **(97)** |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: National Geospatial Digital Archive

abstract: The National Geospatial Digital Archive (NGDA) is an archive of cartographic information funded by the Library of Congress through the National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP) in collaboration with the University of California Santa Barbara, and Stanford University. The purpose of the archive is to collect and preserve geospatial data and images on a national scale, and develop mechanisms for making data available for future generations.

text:
# National Geospatial Digital Archive

The **National Geospatial Digital Archive** (**NGDA**) is an archive of cartographic information funded by the Library of Congress through the National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP) in collaboration with the University of California Santa Barbara, and Stanford University. The purpose of the archive is to collect and preserve geospatial data and images on a national scale, and develop mechanisms for making data available for future generations.

## History

The NGDA is one of eight initial projects funded by the Library of Congress's National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program. It is a partnership between University of California Santa Barbara's Map & Imagery Laboratory at Davidson Library and Stanford University's Branner Earth Sciences Library.

## Objectives

Cartographic information is used by researchers, students, and other to study many subjects including disaster relief, population growth, and changes in agriculture. The NDIIPP established the National Geospatial Digital Library to several overlapping objectives. The primary objective is to establish an archive of, sometimes, at-risk digital data. The distributed nature of the archive is important in case of a natural or man-made disaster. The project is also developing mechanisms, like a wiki, to make the information available to users. An important goal of the project is building in flexibility so that changes in technology in the future will not damage the archive; this flexibility includes using metadata for all archived data. Other long-term objectives involve agreements between participating institutions about what information will be preserved and how the preservation will be carried out, how copyrighted material will be handled, and how universities can be assured that their faculty and students have access to their archived data.


title: Mile Janakieski

abstract: Mile Janakieski is a Republic of Macedonia politician. He served as Minister of Transport and Communications in the cabinet of Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski until 12 May 2015.

text:
# Mile Janakieski

**Mile Janakieski** is a Republic of Macedonia politician. He served as Minister of Transport and Communications in the cabinet of Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski until 12 May 2015.

## Biography

In fall 2009 Janakieski offered his resignation to Prime Minister Gruevski after the 2009 Lake Ohrid boat accident. Gruevski however refused to accept.

He resigned in the wake of the 2015 Macedonian protests, citing the political crisis as reason for his resignation. Prime Minister Gruevski praised Janakieski for liberalizing the telecom market, reducing phone and data costs, and starting construction of three highways and a railway to Bulgaria. Janakieski was succeeded as Minister by Vlado Misajlovski on 13 May 2015. On 12 February 2016, the special prosecution for organized criminal in Skopje lifted accusation against Mile Janakieski and 8 other persons for falsifying elections and criminal association.


title: Morgantown Generating Station

abstract: The Morgantown Generating Station is a 1,477 MW electric generating plant owned by GenOn Holdings LLC., located in the unincorporated town of Newburg, Maryland, near Morgantown, on the Potomac River. The station was built in 1970.

text:
# Morgantown Generating Station

The **Morgantown Generating Station** is a 1,477 MW electric generating plant owned by GenOn Holdings LLC., located in the unincorporated town of Newburg, Maryland, near Morgantown, on the Potomac River. The station was built in 1970.

## Plant description

The facility consists of two base loaded 624 MW coal-fired steam generating units, four 65 MW oil-fired peaking combustion units, and two 18 MW black start peaking turbines. The two coal-fired units are base-loaded supercritical steam units which went into operation in 1970 and 1971. The four peaking units are General Electric Frame 7 units which went into operation in 1973, while the two black start peaking units are General Electric Frame 5 units which went into operation in 1970 and 1971.

Coal is delivered to the Morgantown generating station by CSX Transportation train using the Pope's Creek Subdivision rail line. Construction of a coal barge unloading pier on the Potomac River began in 2007.

An article in the *Baltimore Sun* dated December 21, 2020 stated: "A 50-year-old power plant in Charles County is the latest in Maryland to announce its plans to stop burning coal in the years to come. The coal-fired units at the Morgantown plant, which is run by GenOn Holdings, will be deactivated in 2027, the company said. The plant still will generate energy using natural gas and oil."

On June 9, 2021 GenOn revised its schedule for ending coal burning at Morgantown, stating "the retiring units at the Morgantown Generating Station are anticipated to retire as of June 1, 2022."

## History

All of the generating plants at the Morgantown Generating Station were built by the Potomac Electric Power Company, which sold them to the Southern Company in December 2000 as a result of the restructuring of the electricity generating industry in Maryland. The station was included in the Mirant spin-off in April 2001. Mirant was merged into GenOn Energy in 2010, and GenOn merged into NRG in 2012.

## Operations

The Morgantown Generating Station is dispatched by the PJM Interconnection regional transmission organization.

## Pollution

In August 2018, the Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE) required three generating stations across the state, including Morgantown, to meet current federal wastewater standards (effluent guidelines) by November 2020. The coal-fired units at these plants discharge arsenic and mercury to their respective receiving waters, as allowed by 1980s-era pollution standards under now-expired permits. Upgrading the plants' treatment systems to Maryland's current standards "could reduce discharges of toxic metals by 97 percent." The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency published the updated federal standards in 2015.

## Planned transition from coal

In December 2020, GenOn Holdings announced that the coal-fired units at the Morgantown Generating Station will be deactivated in 2027. The station will remain online generating energy using natural gas and oil.

On June 9, 2021 GenOn revised its schedule for ending coal burning at Morgantown, stating "the retiring units at the Morgantown Generating Station are anticipated to retire as of June 1, 2022."

## InfoBox

| Morgantown Generating Station | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Country | United States |
| Location | Newburg, Maryland |
| Coordinates | 38°21′33″N 76°58′36″W / 38.35917°N 76.97667°W / 38.35917; -76.97667 |
| Status | Operational |
| Commission date | 1970 |
| Owners | NRG Energy |
| Thermal power station | |
| Primary fuel | Coal |
| Secondary fuel | Fuel oil |
| Power generation | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Units operational | 2 × 624 MW (base load units )
4 × 65 MW (peaking units)
2 x 18 MW (peaking units) |
| Make and model | General Electric |
| Nameplate capacity | 1,477 MW |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Paul Gyorgy

abstract: Paul György was a Hungarian-born American biochemist, nutritionist, and pediatrician best known for his discovery of three B vitamins: riboflavin, B6, and biotin. Gyorgy was also well known for his research into the protective factors of human breast milk, particularly for his discoveries of Lactobacillus bifidus growth factor activity in human milk and its anti-staphylococcal properties. He was a recipient of the National Medal of Science in 1975 from President Gerald Ford.

text:
# Paul Gyorgy

**Paul György** (April 7, 1893 – March 1, 1976) was a Hungarian-born American biochemist, nutritionist, and pediatrician best known for his discovery of three B vitamins: riboflavin, B6, and biotin. Gyorgy was also well known for his research into the protective factors of human breast milk, particularly for his discoveries of *Lactobacillus bifidus* growth factor activity in human milk and its anti-staphylococcal properties. He was a recipient of the National Medal of Science in 1975 from President Gerald Ford.

## Early life and career

Gyorgy was born on April 7, 1893, in Nagyvárad, Hungary to a Jewish family. He was said to be an avid reader and musician as a child. His father was a general practitioner in the community. Influenced by his father's occupation and with his parents' encouragement, Gyorgy began to pursue a career in medicine. He attended the University of Budapest Medical School and graduated with Doctor of Medicine degree in 1915.

In 1920, after the end of World War I, Gyorgy was offered a job at the University of Heidelberg as an assistant to the physician and researcher Ernst Moro. He remained at the University of Heidelberg until 1933, obtaining full professorship in 1927 at the age of 34 years. It was at the University of Heidelberg that Gyorgy first discovered and isolated riboflavin along with his colleague Th. Wagner-Jauregg and the Nobel-winning chemist Richard Kuhn. Gyorgy remained at the University of Heidelberg until 1933, when the political unrest in Germany spurred his move to the Nutrition Laboratory at the University of Cambridge in England. He stayed as a researcher in there until 1935, during which time he discovered vitamin B6.

In 1935, Gyorgy went to the United States as a visiting assistant professor of pediatrics at Case Western Reserve University. Two years later he was appointed as an associate professor at the university as well as an associate pediatrician at two hospitals within the University Hospitals of Cleveland system. He isolated biotin in 1940 while at Case Western Reserve University.

In 1944, Gyorgy moved to the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, this time as an Associate Research Professor of Pediatrics. His research at this time involved looking at the protective factors found in human breast milk. He was promoted to Professor of Pediatrics in 1946, later becoming a Professor Emeritus in 1963. From 1950 to 1957, he was also Pediatrician-in-Chief at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and later on, Chief of Pediatrics at Philadelphia General Hospital from 1957 to 1963.

## Scientific research

Gyorgy was responsible for the discovery of three B vitamins, work he conducted with others during his time at Heidelberg, Cambridge, and Cleveland. Later in his career, Gyorgy investigated the protective factors found in human breast milk at the University of Pennsylvania.

### Discovery of riboflavin

By 1927 a series of experiments, performed in part by Elmer McCollum and others, had shown that water-soluble vitamin B was primarily made of two parts: the anti-neuritic factor B1 (now known as thiamine) and the more heat-stable factor B2. By 1932 Gyorgy had found that the heat-stable B2 was not in fact a single substance, but actually a complex made up of two factors: the growth-promoting factor (later found to be riboflavin) and the anti-pellagra factor (later found to be niacin (vitamin B3)). Gyorgy, in collaboration with chemist Richard Kuhn and physician Th. Wagner-Jauregg at the University of Heidelberg, had noticed that rats kept on a B2-free diet were unable to gain weight. Isolation of concentrated B2 from yeast revealed the presence of a bright yellow-green fluorescent product that when fed to the rat, restored normal growth. The amount of growth restored was directly proportional to the intensity of the fluorescent product. The bright yellow substance had been previously found in milk by scientists Warburg and Christian, who had described the it as 'yellow oxidation ferment' but were unable to discover its function. Gyorgy, Kuhn, and Warner-Jauregg suggested the name 'flavin' for their yellow pigments and proposed that they were likely the same as the yellow pigments seen by Warberg and Christian.

By 1933, the Heidelberg team were the first to isolate crystalline flavin from milk and accordingly, termed the substance lactoflavin. They, along with other teams, went on to isolate similar flavins from many other sources such as egg white (ovoflavin) and liver (heptoflavin). All these compounds were found to be chemically identical and in 1937, the name riboflavin was formally adopted by the Council of Pharmacy and Chemistry of the American Medical Association.

### Discovery of B6

During his experiments with riboflavin, Gyorgy noticed that rats already on a thiamine-only diet developed pellagra-like symptoms, even when given pure riboflavin. The symptoms were only relieved when rats were given supplements derived from a flavin-free extract of bakers' yeast. In contrast, rats given this extract but no riboflavin failed to exhibit pellagra-like symptoms but were unable to gain weight until riboflavin was added back into the diet. These results confirmed the presence of an 'anti-pellagra' factor that was biologically distinct from the newly discovered riboflavin.

In 1934, Gyorgy named this new anti-pellagra factor B6 in order to distinguish it from other B vitamins and set about isolating and characterizing it during his time at the University of Cambridge. In 1936, Gyorgy and his colleague, Thomas William Birch, were successful in isolating crystalline B6 from fish and wheat germ.

### Discovery of biotin

By 1927, scientists such as Margarete Boas and Helen Parsons had performed experiments demonstrating the symptoms associated with egg-white injury. They had found that rats fed large amounts of egg-white as their only protein source exhibited neurological dysfunction, dermatitis, and eventually, death. Gyorgy began investigating the factor responsible for egg-white injury in 1933 and in 1939, was successful identifying what he called vitamin H. Further chemical characterization of vitamin H revealed that it was water-soluble and present in high amounts in the liver. By this time, multiple groups had independently isolated the same compound under different names. In 1936, Kögl and Tönnis had isolated what they called biotin from egg yolk and in 1939, West had isolated what he called co-enzyme R. By 1940, it was recognized that all three compounds were identical and were collectively given the name biotin. Gyorgy continued his work on biotin and in 1941 published a paper demonstrating that egg-white injury was caused by the binding of biotin by avidin.

### Protective factors in breast milk

In 1950, Gyorgy began investigating the microbial properties in human breast milk. He began by comparing the intestinal flora of normal breast-fed infants to those who were fed cow's milk formulas. He found that the breast-fed infants had a prevalence of a certain variant of *Lactobacillus bifidus,* a bacterium considered to be an essential part of normal human gut flora. Further testing revealed the presence of factors in human breast milk that acted as essential growth promoting factors to the *L. bifidus* variant*.*

In 1962, Gyorgy also discovered anti-staphylococcus properties of human breast milk. He injected mice with different doses of virulent *Staphylococcus aureus* and found that those given human breast milk obtained protection from infection, resulting in a higher survival rate than those that were given only cow's milk.

## Personal life

Gyorgy married Margaret John on October 23, 1920, in Weimar, Germany. The couple had three sons: Hans, who became an organic chemist, Michael, who became a physicist, and Tilbert, a surgeon. Gyorgy enjoyed classical music and was also an avid painter and gardener.

## Awards and honors

Gyorgy received the 1975 National Medal of Science from President Gerald Ford for his "discovery of three vitamins and related research that have greatly improved human nutrition". Gyorgy had already died by the time of the 1976 award ceremony and his medal was accepted by his wife, Margaret John. Other awards included:

## Later years and death

Gyorgy's later life revolved around his work in Southeast Asia, where he was involved in conducting nutritional field studies aimed at improving nutrition, particularly in Thailand and Indonesia. During this time, he was an organizer of the Protein Advisory Group of the World Health Organization and UNICEF, eventually becoming President of the group from 1960 to 1964. Gyorgy died on March 1, 1976, of pneumonia at Morristown Memorial Hospital in Morristown, New Jersey, at the age of 82.

## InfoBox

| Paul György | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1893-04-07)April 7, 1893
Nagyvárad, Hungary |
| Died | March 1, 1976(1976-03-01) (aged 82)
Morristown, New Jersey, US |
| Nationality | Hungarian |
| Education | University of Budapest (M.D., 1915) |
| Alma mater | University of Heidelberg (1920-1933)
Cambridge University (1933-1935)
Case Western Reserve University (1935-1944) |
| Known for | Discovery of biotin, riboflavin, vitamin B6 |
| Spouse | Margaret Gyrözy (née John) |
| Children | 3 |
| Awards | John Howland Award (1968)
National Medal of Science (1975) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Pediatrics, Biochemistry, Nutrition |
| Institutions | University Hospitals of Cleveland  (1933-1935)
Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania  (1950-1957)
Philadelphia General Hospital  (1957-1953) |
|  | |


title: Mill Prong

abstract: Mill Prong House is a historic plantation house located near Red Springs, Hoke County, North Carolina. It was built in 1795 by Scottish immigrant John Gilchrist.

text:
# Mill Prong

**Mill Prong House** is a historic plantation house located near Red Springs, Hoke County, North Carolina. It was built in 1795 by Scottish immigrant John Gilchrist.

## Transfer of ownership and modifications

The home was sold to Archibald McEachern, a fellow Scottish American, in 1834 and was expanded on the back side. The main section is a two-story, three-bay, Federal frame dwelling. It is sheathed in weatherboard and has a gable roof. It features a center bay, two-tier front porch. It was enlarged in the 1830s and in the fourth quarter of the 19th century. Also on the property is the contributing McEachern family cemetery.

## Historic recognition and museum status

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. The home now operates as a private museum supported by a non-profit preservation group with monthly open houses.

Mill Prong Preservation Website

Mill Prong Preservation Facebook Page

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Mill Prong | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Mill Prong, March 2007 | |
|  | |
| Nearest city | Red Springs, North Carolina |
| Coordinates | 34°54′20″N 79°17′17″W / 34.90556°N 79.28806°W / 34.90556; -79.28806 |
| Area | 118 acres (48 ha) |
| Built | 1795 (1795) |
| Architectural style | Federal |
| NRHP reference No. | 79001724 |
| Added to NRHP | December 13, 1979 |


title: Richton Park station

abstract: Richton Park is the penultimate station along the main branch of the Metra Electric line, in Richton Park, Illinois. It is located on Sauk Trail, east of Governor's Highway, and is 29.3 miles (47.2 km) away from the northern terminus at Millennium Station. In Metra's zone-based fare system, Richton Park is in zone 3. As of 2018, Richton Park is the 47th busiest of Metra's 236 non-downtown stations, with an average of 1,059 weekday boardings. The station has two tracks and one island platform, with one of the tracks ending at the station. Richton Park was originally built by the Illinois Central Railroad in 1946, in order to be in close proximity to the south end of the "IC Electric" coach storage yard. It served as the terminus of the line until 1977, when the Illinois Regional Transportation Authority funded the construction of University Park station. Today, Richton Park station is a far more modern-looking structure. Parking is available on Sauk Trail between Governor's Highway and Richton Square Road, on Richton Road, Mill Drive, and along Tower Road.

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# Richton Park station

**Richton Park** is the penultimate station along the main branch of the Metra Electric line, in Richton Park, Illinois. It is located on Sauk Trail, east of Governor's Highway, and is 29.3 miles (47.2 km) away from the northern terminus at Millennium Station. In Metra's zone-based fare system, Richton Park is in zone 3. As of 2018, Richton Park is the 47th busiest of Metra's 236 non-downtown stations, with an average of 1,059 weekday boardings. The station has two tracks and one island platform, with one of the tracks ending at the station.

Richton Park was originally built by the Illinois Central Railroad in 1946, in order to be in close proximity to the south end of the "IC Electric" coach storage yard. It served as the terminus of the line until 1977, when the Illinois Regional Transportation Authority funded the construction of University Park station. Today, Richton Park station is a far more modern-looking structure. Parking is available on Sauk Trail between Governor's Highway and Richton Square Road, on Richton Road, Mill Drive, and along Tower Road.

## InfoBox

| Richton Park | |
| --- | --- |
| Richton Park station in April 2016. | |
| General information | |
| Location | 3807 Tower Drive<br>Richton Park, Illinois |
| Coordinates | 41°29′09″N 87°42′33″W / 41.4858°N 87.7092°W / 41.4858; -87.7092 |
| Owned by | Metra |
| Line(s) | University Park Sub District |
| Platforms | 1 island platform |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Connections | **Pace Buses** |
| Construction | |
| Parking | Yes |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Fare zone | 3 |
| History | |
| Opened | 1946 |
| Rebuilt | 1987 |
| Electrified | Overhead line, 1,500 V DC |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| 2018 | 1,059 (average weekday) 10.2% |
| Rank | 47 out of 236 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Metra Following station  University ParkTerminus  Metra ElectricMain Line  Mattesontoward Millennium Station | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Former services   Preceding station Illinois Central Railroad Following station  Moneetoward New Orleans  Main Line  Mattesontoward Chicago  *Terminus*  Electric SuburbanMain Line  Mattesontoward Randolph Street | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |


title: Pararrhaptica lysimachiana

abstract: Pararrhaptica lysimachiana is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It was first described by Otto Swezey in 1946. It is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Oahu. The larvae feed on Lysimachia rotundifolia. The larvae have been found on the leaves of the host plant.

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# Pararrhaptica lysimachiana

***Pararrhaptica lysimachiana*** is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It was first described by Otto Swezey in 1946. It is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Oahu.

The larvae feed on *Lysimachia rotundifolia*. The larvae have been found on the leaves of the host plant.

* Zimmerman, Elwood C. (1978). *Insects of Hawaii*. Vol. **9** Microlepidoptera. The University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu. hdl:10125/7338.

## InfoBox

| *Pararrhaptica lysimachiana* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Pararrhaptica* |
| Species: | ***P. lysimachiana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pararrhaptica lysimachiana***<br>(Swezey, 1946) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Tortrix lysimachiana* Swezey, 1946 | |


title: Rhamphomyia heterochroma

abstract: Rhamphomyia heterochroma is a species of dance flies, in the fly family Empididae. It is included in the subgenus Holoclera of the genus Rhamphomyia.

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# Rhamphomyia heterochroma

***Rhamphomyia heterochroma*** is a species of dance flies, in the fly family Empididae. It is included in the subgenus *Holoclera* of the genus *Rhamphomyia*.

## InfoBox

| *Rhamphomyia heterochroma* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Empididae |
| Genus: | *Rhamphomyia* |
| Subgenus: | *Holoclera* |
| Species: | ***R. heterochroma*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Rhamphomyia heterochroma***<br>Bezzi, 1898 | |
|


title: Joe Cook (actor)

abstract: Joe Cook was an American vaudeville performer. He was a household name in the 1920s and 1930s as one of America's most popular entertainers, and he headlined at New York's famed Palace Theatre. After appearing on Broadway, he broke into radio performance.

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# Joe Cook (actor)

**Joe Cook** (born Joseph Lopez; March 29, 1890 – May 15, 1959) was an American vaudeville performer. He was a household name in the 1920s and 1930s as one of America's most popular entertainers, and he headlined at New York's famed Palace Theatre. After appearing on Broadway, he broke into radio performance.

## Early life

Joseph Lopez was born in Evansville, Indiana in 1890. He and his elder brother Leo were orphaned and adopted by a distant relative, Mrs. Anna Cook, at the age of three and six respectively. He lived in the back of the grocery store of his adoptive parents at the corner of Fourth and Oak in Evansville.

## Career

Cook joined a circus in 1906, which propelled him to vaudeville, Broadway, and Hollywood. He and his brother Leo were billed as "Joe Cook and Brother". They were in vaudeville together from about 1909 to 1916. He was a juggler, tightrope walker, unicycler, mime, and had many other circus skills.

With this, he combined his nonsensical comedy storytelling, complex inventions to perform absurdly simple or useless tasks, and playing piano, violin, and ukulele. The broad variety of Cook's act led to his nickname – "One Man Vaudeville". *New York Times* critic Brooks Atkinson once wrote, "Next to Leonardo da Vinci, Joe Cook is the most versatile man known to recorded times." In 1930, noted columnist Walter Winchell wrote that "Joe Cook is certainly one of the musical theatre's three geniuses. I can't at the moment think of the other two."

Following a very successful fifteen years in vaudeville (three of them in blackface), Cook most often teamed up with stooge and future restaurateur, Dave Chasen, who became a late 1920s/early 1930s Broadway musical comedy star. He appeared, most memorably, in such shows as *Rain or Shine*, *Fine and Dandy* \- the first hit completely scored by a woman (Kay Swift), and *Hold Your Horses*. Corey Ford, the co-author of the last-named musical, wrote of Cook's Broadway debut: "When I first saw Joe Cook in 1923, he was co-starring in *Earl Carroll's Vanities* with Peggy Hopkins Joyce, whom he used to refer to as 'that somewhat different virgin'. I sat on the balcony and marveled at the bland deadpan expression, the slightly curved mouth, the easy flow of nonsense patter as he walked a tightrope or juggled Indian clubs while explaining to the audience why he would not imitate four Hawaiians." Cook's "Four Hawaiians" routine was his most famous; Joe would explain that he was actually imitating only two Hawaiians. He "could imitate four Hawaiians but did not wish to do so because that would put all the performers who could only imitate two Hawaiians out of work". Cook appeared on stage with a ukulele in hand:

> I will give an imitation of four Hawaiians. This is one \[whistles\]; this is another \[plays ukulele\], and this is the third \[marks time with his foot\]. I could imitate four Hawaiians just as easily, but I will tell you the reason why I don't do it. You see, I bought a horse for $50 and it turned out to be a running horse. I was offered $15,000 for him, and I took it. I built a house for the $15,000, and when it was finished, a neighbor offered me $100,000 for it. He said my house stood right where he wanted to dig a well. So I took the $100,000 to accommodate him. I invested $100,000 on peanuts, and that year, there was a peanut famine, so I sold the peanuts for $350,000. Now, why should a man with $350,000 bother to imitate four Hawaiians?"

Cook made only two full-length movies and a few of short subjects. In 1930, he starred in the film version of *Rain or Shine*, which was directed by a young Frank Capra, and is still shown occasionally on television. It has recently been completely restored and will be permanently preserved by Sony Pictures, the successor of Columbia Pictures. In 1935 Earle W. Hammons of Educational Pictures, needing a "name" comedian for that season's short-subject program, signed Joe Cook. Cook starred in five two-reel comedies (and wrote the scripts for three) at Educational's New York studio. Cook's only other feature film, *Arizona Mahoney*, was filmed in 1936 and included a young Larry "Buster" Crabbe.

In the 1930s, he successfully transitioned into the new medium of radio, as the host of two variety series and a frequent guest on many others.

From 1924 to 1941, he made his residence at Lake Hopatcong, in Hopatcong, New Jersey, which was then a popular resort. His house was named "Sleepless Hollow" for the many parties he gave and celebrities he entertained. One visitor, his librettist Donald Ogden Stewart, later recalled that "Joe lived on a mad gag-infested estate in New Jersey which bewilderingly expressed his genius. On his three-hole golf course one drove off confidently into what looked like a fairway only to have one's ball rebound sharply over one's head from a huge rock that had been cunningly camouflaged. The last green was a golfer's paradise in that no matter where the ball landed it rolled obediently into the hole. Conditions inside the house were similarly deranged. The 'butler' was one of the contortionists, acrobats, midgets, or other show-business people whom Joe had picked up his years in Vaudeville. Mrs. Cook lived bravely in this cuckooland and struggled apologetically to bring some degree of common sense into the madhouse." The Cookhouse still survives at Lake Hopatcong but is not open to the public.

## Later life and death

Cook was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 1941. This forced his retirement from show business. He sold the lake house the same year and moved to a more modest residence in New York State, where he resided until his death in 1959.

### Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Joe Cook | |
| --- | --- |
| Cook in 1936 | |
| Born | Joseph Lopez
(1890-03-29)March 29, 1890
Evansville, Indiana, U.S. |
| Died | May 15, 1959(1959-05-15) (aged 69)
Bull Head, Dutchess County, New York |
| Occupation(s) | Vaudevillian, comedian, actor |
| Spouse | Helen Reynolds |


title: Zaouiat Saiss

abstract: Zaouiat Saiss is a small town and rural commune in El Jadida Province of the Casablanca-Settat region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 9519 people living in 1526 households.

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# Zaouiat Saiss

**Zaouiat Saiss** is a small town and rural commune in El Jadida Province of the Casablanca-Settat region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 9519 people living in 1526 households.

## InfoBox

| Zaouiat Saiss | |
| --- | --- |
| Rural commune and town | |
| Zaouiat SaissLocation in Morocco | |
| Coordinates: 32°47′35″N 8°39′2″W / 32.79306°N 8.65056°W / 32.79306; -8.65056 | |
| Country | Morocco |
| Region | Casablanca-Settat |
| Province | El Jadida Province |
| Population (2004) | |
| Total | 9,519 |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (WET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+1 (WEST) |


title: Raymond Hubbard, 4th Baron Addington

abstract: Raymond Egerton Hubbard, 4th Baron Addington was a British Peer. The son of Egerton Hubbard, 2nd Baron Addington, he succeeded the Barony on the death of his elder brother, who had died without a male heir. He married Margaret Favre MacCallum who died in 1963. However, he died without issue, and the Barony passed to his cousin.

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# Raymond Hubbard, 4th Baron Addington

**Raymond Egerton Hubbard, 4th Baron Addington** (11 November 1884 – 17 August 1971) was a British Peer. The son of Egerton Hubbard, 2nd Baron Addington, he succeeded the Barony on the death of his elder brother, who had died without a male heir.

He married Margaret Favre MacCallum who died in 1963. However, he died without issue, and the Barony passed to his cousin.

## Arms

Coat of arms of Raymond Hubbard, 4th Baron Addington
|  | CrestIn front of a fasces fessewise Proper an eagle's head as in the arms. EscutcheonVert a chevron engrailed plain cotised Argent between three eagles' heads erased of the second each gorged with a collar fleurettée Gules SupportersOn either side an eagle Argent wings addorsed gorged with a collar fleurettée Gules and pendent therefrom an escutcheon Ermine charged with a rose Gules Motto*Alta Petens* (Latin for: *Seeking Higher Things*) |
| --- | --- |

## InfoBox

| The Right HonourableThe Lord Addington | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the House of Lords
Lord Temporal | |
| **In office**
21 June 1966  17 August 1971
Hereditary Peerage | |
| Preceded by | The 3rd Lord Addington |
| Succeeded by | The 5th Lord Addington |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 11 November 1884 |
| Died | 17 August 1971 |
|  | |


title: Milton Lewis (baseball)

abstract: Milton Lewis, nicknamed "Red", was a Negro league second baseman in the 1920s. Lewis made his Negro leagues debut in 1922, spending time with the Richmond Giants, Harrisburg Giants and Bacharach Giants. He stayed with the Bacharach Giants until his release in April 1925. After spending time with the Wilmington Potomacs in 1925, he returned to the Bacharach Giants in 1926 and knocked a home run and eight hits for the club in their 1927 Colored World Series loss to the Chicago American Giants. Lewis finished his career in 1928 with the Lincoln Giants.

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# Milton Lewis (baseball)

**Milton Lewis**, nicknamed **"Red"**, was a Negro league second baseman in the 1920s.

Lewis made his Negro leagues debut in 1922, spending time with the Richmond Giants, Harrisburg Giants and Bacharach Giants. He stayed with the Bacharach Giants until his release in April 1925.

After spending time with the Wilmington Potomacs in 1925, he returned to the Bacharach Giants in 1926 and knocked a home run and eight hits for the club in their 1927 Colored World Series loss to the Chicago American Giants. Lewis finished his career in 1928 with the Lincoln Giants.

## InfoBox

| Milton Lewis | |
| --- | --- |
| **Second baseman** | |
| **Threw:** Right | |
| Negro league baseball debut | |
| 1922, for the Richmond Giants | |
| Last appearance | |
| 1928, for the Lincoln Giants | |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


abstract: Morgantown, Mississippi is a small unincorporated community in Oktibbeha County, Mississippi, located between the Noxubee River and Sand Creek at latitude 33.306 and longitude -88.997.

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# Morgantown, Oktibbeha County, Mississippi

**Morgantown, Mississippi** is a small unincorporated community in Oktibbeha County, Mississippi, located between the Noxubee River and Sand Creek at latitude 33.306 and longitude -88.997.

## History

Morgantown was founded near the end of the American Civil War by George Decatur Morgan, who first arrived in the area, pre-war, via wagon train, driven by a family named "Outlaw." Morgan worked as a hired hand for the Outlaws, primarily tending to their slaves. Following his service in the war, Morgan returned to the area, and settled on a small parcel of land approximately one mile south of the town's present location. He resumed his work for the Outlaw family as a farm-hand. In the 1860s, Morgan, along with other early settlers (Daniel McHann, Miland Scott, and George Johns) acquired larger tracts of land in the area, and formed a farming cooperative. Many hired hands settled in the area to work the crops. A sawmill, cotton gin, and school house (which also served as the church house) were established. Morgan had many children and other descendants who, over time, purchased land from the original settlers, particularly from the McHann estate. As the folklore goes, the wife of one of Morgan's descendants suggested the name of the town due to the abundance of Morgans who lived there.

## Demographics

Morgantown has a population of 1,412 as of 2010. Morgantown lost almost 20% of its population between 2006 and 2010. The population is 37% white and 59% black. The median age is 39.4 years. Over 42% have attended college.

## InfoBox

| Morgantown, Mississippi | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Morgantown | |
| Morgantown, MississippiMorgantown, Mississippi | |
| Coordinates: 33°18′20″N 88°59′49″W / 33.30556°N 88.99694°W / 33.30556; -88.99694 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Mississippi |
| County | Oktibbeha |
| Elevation | 308 ft (94 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 39769 |
| Area code | 662 |
| GNIS feature ID | 694037 |


title: Flint & Steel Guesthouse

abstract: Flint & Steel Guesthouse was situated on Broken Bay, north of Sydney, Australia. It was constructed from 1920 to 1965. The guesthouse and nearby waterways were resumed by the navy during the second world war. Navy personnel at nearby Hungry Beach were known to have frequented "Flint & Steel". The guesthouse was destroyed by fire in 1971.

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# Flint & Steel Guesthouse

**Flint & Steel Guesthouse** was situated on Broken Bay, north of Sydney, Australia. It was constructed from 1920 to 1965. The guesthouse and nearby waterways were resumed by the navy during the second world war. Navy personnel at nearby Hungry Beach were known to have frequented "Flint & Steel". The guesthouse was destroyed by fire in 1971.

## InfoBox

| Flint & Steel Guesthouse<br>New South Wales | |
| --- | --- |
| ruins of Flint & Steel Guesthouse, Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park | |
| Flint & Steel Guesthouse | |
| Coordinates | 33°34′43″S 151°16′59″E / 33.578552°S 151.282992°E / -33.578552; 151.282992 |
| Elevation | 15 m (49 ft) |


title: Mike Reid (rugby union)

abstract: Michael Noy Reid is a New Zealand former professional rugby union player. Reid was educated at Rosmini College in Auckland. A NZ Colts representative prop, Reid played his provincial rugby with North Harbour and was appointed team captain for their 2010 ITM Cup campaign. He got a Blues cap during the 2010 Super 14 season, coming on off the bench against the Stormers at Eden Park. An injury to his foot tendons necessitated his retirement from rugby aged 25.

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# Mike Reid (rugby union)

**Michael Noy Reid** (born 22 October 1985) is a New Zealand former professional rugby union player.

Reid was educated at Rosmini College in Auckland.

A NZ Colts representative prop, Reid played his provincial rugby with North Harbour and was appointed team captain for their 2010 ITM Cup campaign. He got a Blues cap during the 2010 Super 14 season, coming on off the bench against the Stormers at Eden Park. An injury to his foot tendons necessitated his retirement from rugby aged 25.

## InfoBox

Mike Reid
| Full name | Michael Noy Reid |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1985-10-22) 22 October 1985 |
| Height | 189 cm (6 ft 2 in) |
| Weight | 116 kg (256 lb) |
| School | Rosmini College |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)**  Prop  Provincial / State sides  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2006–11 North Harbour  48  (0)  Super Rugby  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2010 Blues  1  (0) | |


title: Richard Normann

abstract: Richard Normann was a Swedish management consultant and researcher early in the development of theories of service management, interactive strategy, and offerings.

text:
# Richard Normann

**Richard Normann** (Finland, 1943 - Paris, November 18, 2003) was a Swedish management consultant and researcher early in the development of theories of service management, interactive strategy, and offerings.

## Biography

Normann received his MBA and then PhD in Business Economics in 1975 at Lund University, leading to a professorship. He was soon working at management consultancy Scandinavian Institutes of Administrative Research (SIAR) and was its president from 1976 to 1980. He was also a visiting professor at the Copenhagen Business School and visiting scholar at Harvard Business School. Being the founder of Service Management Group, SMG in 1980, he later also founded the strategy consulting firm NormannPartners that bear his conceptual legacy today.

Normann was the one who in the 1970s introduced the concept of mission. He was, among other things, strategy consultant for SAS when the airline in the 1980s, during Jan Carlzon CEO's time, developing the idea, together with Denis Boyle of "moments of truth" oriented toward business travelers and customers.

Green Templeton College, at Oxford University, honors his memory with the Annual Richard Normann Lecture.

In the introduction to *Reframing Business*, Henry Mintzberg cites Normann as a "significant scholar", "using the consulting opportunity to advance general scholarship, namely our understanding of how this world works".

## Publications


title: Rhamphomyia latifrons

abstract: Rhamphomyia latifrons is a species of dance flies, in the fly family Empididae. It is included in the subgenus Rhamphomyia.

text:
# Rhamphomyia latifrons

***Rhamphomyia latifrons*** is a species of dance flies, in the fly family Empididae. It is included in the subgenus *Rhamphomyia*.

## InfoBox

| *Rhamphomyia latifrons* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Empididae |
| Genus: | *Rhamphomyia* |
| Subgenus: | *Rhamphomyia* |
| Species: | ***R. latifrons*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Rhamphomyia latifrons***<br>Frey, 1913 | |
|


title: Joaquín Achúcarro

abstract: Joaquín Achúcarro is a Basque Spanish classical pianist.

text:
# Joaquín Achúcarro

**Joaquín Achúcarro** (born November 1, 1932) is a Basque Spanish classical pianist.

## Biography and career

Achúcarro was born in Bilbao, Spain, and grew up in the difficult years of the Spanish post-war period. He began piano lessons at the Bilbao Conservatory and in 1946, at the age of 13, made his concerto debut in Bilbao playing a Mozart concerto with a local orchestra. As a teenager, he moved to Madrid to study for a degree in physics, although soon after his graduation he devoted himself totally to the study of music and moved to Siena, Italy to study at the Accademia Musicale Chigiana. He also had lessons with José Cubiles.

In 1959 he won the 4th prize of the Ferruccio Busoni International Piano Competition. The same year his career was launched after his victory at the Liverpool International Competition, which led to his debut with the London Symphony Orchestra.

He has since worked in 58 countries, with 206 orchestras including some of the finest ensembles, such as the Berlin Philharmonic, New York Philharmonic Orchestra, London Symphony, Philharmonia, BBC Philharmonic Orchestra, Baltimore Symphony Orchestra, London Philharmonic, Deutsches Symphonie-Orchester Berlin, Chicago Symphony, Orchestre National de France, Tokyo Philharmonic Orchestra, Los Angeles etc. and with conductors such as Claudio Abbado, Riccardo Chailly, Zubin Mehta, Yehudi Menuhin, Seiji Ozawa and Sir Simon Rattle.

Achucarro's style is characterized by a poetic sound with clean technique that is not flamboyant. Achucarro is celebrated for his interpretations of Brahms, Rachmaninoff, and Ravel as well as several Spanish composers.

Since the mid-1980s, he has been a professor at the Meadows School of the Arts of the Southern Methodist University in Texas, United States.

Achúcarro has recorded over 30 albums for various labels.

In 1996 he was knighted by King Juan Carlos with the Gold Medal of Fine Arts.


title: Zaouiet Kontoch

abstract: Zaouiet Kontoch is a city in the Tunisian Sahel located in the immediate vicinity of Jemmal at 35 ° 38 'North, 10 ° 46 'e. Attached to the Monastir Governorate, it is a municipality with 6 713 inhabitants at the 2014 census, whereas there were 6 713 inhabitants in 2014. It would be so named because of the historical presence of a small zaouia of a Muslim holy man. On the sporting level, the city is home to the Zaouiet Kontoch Sports Association, which specializes in table tennis. The Mayor is Chaker Kacem.

text:
# Zaouiet Kontoch

**Zaouiet Kontoch** is a city in the Tunisian Sahel located in the immediate vicinity of Jemmal at 35 ° 38 'North, 10 ° 46 '.

Attached to the Monastir Governorate, it is a municipality with 6 713 inhabitants at the 2014 census, whereas there were 6 713 inhabitants in 2014. It would be so named because of the historical presence of a small zaouia of a Muslim holy man. On the sporting level, the city is home to the *Zaouiet Kontoch Sports Association*, which specializes in table tennis. The Mayor is Chaker Kacem.

## InfoBox

| Zaouiet Kontoch زاوية قنطش | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune and town | |
| Zaouiet Kontoch | |
| Coordinates: 35°35′00″N 10°43′00″E / 35.58333°N 10.71667°E / 35.58333; 10.71667 | |
| Country | Tunisia |
| Governorate | Monastir Governorate |
| Population (2014) | |
| Total | 6 713 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |


title: Ray Bryant Trio (1957 album)

abstract: Ray Bryant Trio is a 1957 album by jazz pianist Ray Bryant with drummer Specs Wright and bassist Ike Isaacs that was recorded on April 5, 1957, at Van Gelder Studio and released as Prestige 7098.

text:
# Ray Bryant Trio (1957 album)

***Ray Bryant Trio*** is a 1957 album by jazz pianist Ray Bryant with drummer Specs Wright and bassist Ike Isaacs that was recorded on April 5, 1957, at Van Gelder Studio and released as Prestige 7098.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings* |  |

AllMusic reviewer Ron Wynn awarded the album 4 stars, calling it "outstanding" and noting that it displays Bryant's "facility with the blues, speed, gospel influence, and interpretive abilities."

## Track listing

1. "Golden Earrings" (Ray Evans / Jay Livingston / Victor Young) – 4:53
2. "Angel Eyes" (Earl Brent / Matt Dennis) – 3:23
3. "Blues Changes" (Ray Bryant) – 5:03
4. "Splittin'" (Ray Bryant) – 4:38
5. "Django" (John Lewis) – 5:05
6. "The Thrill is Gone" (Lew Brown / Ray Henderson) – 4:56
7. "Daahoud" (Clifford Brown) – 4:04
8. "Sonar" (Kenny Clarke / Gerald Wiggins) – 3:23

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| The Ray Bryant Trio | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Ray Bryant | |
| Released | 1957 |
| Recorded | April 5, 1957 |
| Studio | Van Gelder Studio, Hackensack, NJ |
| Genre | Jazz, blues |
| Label | Prestige
PR 7068 |
| Ray Bryant chronology | |
| *Ray Bryant Trio*
(1956) ***The Ray Bryant Trio***
(1957) *Alone with the Blues*
(1958) | |


title: Milt Gooden House

abstract: The Milt Gooden House was a historic house in rural White County, Arkansas. It was located on the west side of County Road 83, about 0.5 miles (0.80 km) south of its junction with County Road 205, southeast of Bald Knob. It was a single-story double-pen structure, built out of wood framing, and was finished with a side gable roof and board-and-batten siding. A porch extended across its front (eastern) facade, supported by simple square posts. The house was built about 1921, and was a well-preserved example of period vernacular architecture. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. It has been listed as destroyed in the Arkansas Historic Preservation Program database.

text:
# Milt Gooden House

The **Milt Gooden House** was a historic house in rural White County, Arkansas. It was located on the west side of County Road 83, about 0.5 miles (0.80 km) south of its junction with County Road 205, southeast of Bald Knob. It was a single-story double-pen structure, built out of wood framing, and was finished with a side gable roof and board-and-batten siding. A porch extended across its front (eastern) facade, supported by simple square posts. The house was built about 1921, and was a well-preserved example of period vernacular architecture.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. It has been listed as destroyed in the Arkansas Historic Preservation Program database.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Milt Gooden House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Location in ArkansasLocation in United States | |
| Nearest city | Bald Knob, Arkansas |
| Coordinates | 35°15′15″N 91°32′10″W / 35.25417°N 91.53611°W / 35.25417; -91.53611 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1921 (1921) |
| Architectural style | Vernacular double-pen |
| MPS | White County MPS |
| NRHP reference No. | 91001281 |
| Added to NRHP | July 13, 1992 |


title: Morgantown, Pennsylvania

abstract: Morgantown is a census-designated place in Caernarvon Township, located in southern Berks County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located partially in Caernarvon Township in Lancaster County. As of the 2010 census, the population was 826 residents.

text:
# Morgantown, Pennsylvania

**Morgantown** is a census-designated place in Caernarvon Township, located in southern Berks County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located partially in Caernarvon Township in Lancaster County. As of the 2010 census, the population was 826 residents.

## History

Morgantown was named after Colonel Jacob Morgan, who laid out the town around 1770. His father, Thomas Morgan, had been a native of Wales, a captain in the French and Indian War, and owner of a large tract of choice land in Caernarvon Township. Jacob Morgan settled in this area around 1765, building a large stone house, which still stands on Hartz Road between Mineview Drive and Shiloh Road. It is rumored to have housed George Washington during a brief overnight visit. The house has been restored by its owners.

Morgantown was, until the arrival of the Pennsylvania Turnpike, a mostly agriculture-based settlement. Now it is much larger and busier with the settlement of several manufacturing companies, including Timet, Morgan Corp. Stoltzfus Spreaders, Viwinco Windows and McNeilus cement mixers. Other aspects of the town have grown too, especially the roads. In the 1970s the Morgantown Expressway Interstate 176 was built to interstate highway standards, providing a link between Morgantown and PA 23 and Reading and US 422.

Conestoga Christian School and High Point Baptist Academy are based in the area. Also, although not actually in Morgantown but part of its neighboring town, Elverson, Twin Valley High School overlooks parts of Morgantown and is where most of the town's children attend school.

In 1987, an entrepreneur named Raymond Carr laid out plans for New Morgan which was incorporated into a borough in 1988. The borough currently has 35 residents, and the actual town has yet to be built.

## Geography

Morgantown is drained by the Conestoga River, which flows westward into the Susquehanna River. The confluence of multiple sources occurs in Morgantown. It has a hot-summer humid continental climate (*Dfa*) and is in hardiness zone 6b. Average monthly temperatures range from 29.6 °F in January to 73.8 °F in July.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | 1,614 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

## Economy

Morgantown has a small public airport called Morgantown Airport east of the center of town, which has since been closed.

Morgantown Center is an event facility adjacent to the Pennsylvania Turnpike. The Center houses "Classic Auto Mall", a large classic car consignment house.

Morgantown is home to Hollywood Casino Morgantown, a mini-casino owned by Penn National Gaming. The 80,000-square-foot (7,400 m2) casino has 750 slot machines and 30 table games. It opened on December 22, 2021.

## Education

The school district for the Berks County section is Twin Valley School District. Twin Valley Middle School and Twin Valley High School are in Caernarvon Township, Berks County, and have Elverson postal addresses.

The school district for the Lancaster County section is Eastern Lancaster County School District.

## Cultural references

The earliest mention of Groundhog Day is an entry on February 2, 1840, in the diary of James L. Morris of Morgantown, in Pennsylvania Dutch Country, according to a book on the subject by Don Yoder. This was a Welsh enclave but the diarist was commenting on his neighbors who were of German stock. February 2, 1840, read: "Today the Germans say the groundhog comes out of his winter quarters and if he sees his shadow he returns in and remains there 40 days." Some sources stated that Morris's entry of February 4, 1841, was the oldest. It read: "Last Tuesday, the 2nd, was Candlemas day, the day on which, according to the Germans, the Groundhog peeps out of his winter quarters and if he sees his shadow he pops back for another six weeks nap, but if the day be cloudy he remains out, as the weather is to be moderate."

In the opening scene of *Master of the World* (1961), just before an explosion on a nearby mountain, a character in a fictionalized 19th-century Morgantown declares:

> We're living in a cemetery. This is the most boring and monotonous town in the entire United States -- Morgantown, Pennsylvania. A place where nothing can possibly happen.

## Notable person

Actress Shayna Rose was born in Morgantown.

## InfoBox

| Morgantown, Pennsylvania | |
| --- | --- |
| Census-designated place | |
| Odd Fellows Hall | |
| MorgantownMorgantown | |
| Coordinates: 40°09′18″N 75°53′24″W / 40.15500°N 75.89000°W / 40.15500; -75.89000 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Pennsylvania |
| Counties | Berks, Lancaster |
| Townships | Caernarvon, Caernarvon |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.14 sq mi (2.95 km2) |
| Land | 1.14 sq mi (2.95 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 600 ft (200 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 1,614 |
| Density | 1,419.53/sq mi (548.00/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP Code | 19543 |
| Area code(s) | 610 and 484 |
| FIPS code | 42-51016 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1181556 |


title: Paul Kusters

abstract: Paul Kusters is a Dutch cartoonist and visual artist. His cartoons have been published in various national and regional Dutch newspapers since the 1990s. He drew weekly media cartoons for de Volkskrant for 15 years. He also made cartoons for Het Financieele Dagblad for 10 years. Born in Geleen, Limburg, Netherlands, Kusters studied at the Maastricht Institute of Arts. He started working as a cartoonist in 1989. Kusters is the author of Toos & Henk, which features in the newspapers Algemeen Dagblad, BN/De Stem, De Stentor, De Gooi- en Eemlander, De Limburger, Limburgs Dagblad, Dagblad van het Noorden, Haarlems Dagblad, Leidsch Dagblad, Noordhollands Dagblad, Provinciale Zeeuwse Courant, De Twentsche Courant Tubantia, Brabants Dagblad, Eindhovens Dagblad, Leeuwarder Courant and De Gelderlander. On 22 November 2019 he completed his 5000th Toos & Henk cartoon.

text:
# Paul Kusters

**Paul Kusters** (born 19 April 1966) is a Dutch cartoonist and visual artist. His cartoons have been published in various national and regional Dutch newspapers since the 1990s. He drew weekly media cartoons for *de Volkskrant* for 15 years. He also made cartoons for *Het Financieele Dagblad* for 10 years.

Born in Geleen, Limburg, Netherlands, Kusters studied at the Maastricht Institute of Arts. He started working as a cartoonist in 1989. Kusters is the author of *Toos & Henk*, which features in the newspapers *Algemeen Dagblad*, *BN/De Stem*, *De Stentor*, *De Gooi- en Eemlander*, *De Limburger*, *Limburgs Dagblad*, *Dagblad van het Noorden*, *Haarlems Dagblad*, *Leidsch Dagblad*, *Noordhollands Dagblad*, *Provinciale Zeeuwse Courant*, *De Twentsche Courant Tubantia*, *Brabants Dagblad*, *Eindhovens Dagblad*, *Leeuwarder Courant* and *De Gelderlander*. On 22 November 2019 he completed his 5000th *Toos & Henk* cartoon.


title: Mike Reilly (coach)

abstract: Carroll "Mike" Reilly was an American football, basketball, and baseball player and coach. He served as the head football (1930–1942), basketball (1928–1943) and baseball (1931–1932) coach at St. Bonaventure University in Allegany, New York. The home basketball arena at St. Bonaventure, the Reilly Center, is named in his honor.

text:
# Mike Reilly (coach)

**Carroll** "**Mike**" **Reilly** (May 7, 1899 – December 31, 1971) was an American football, basketball, and baseball player and coach. He served as the head football (1930–1942), basketball (1928–1943) and baseball (1931–1932) coach at St. Bonaventure University in Allegany, New York. The home basketball arena at St. Bonaventure, the Reilly Center, is named in his honor.

## InfoBox

Mike Reilly
| Biographical details | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1899-05-07)May 7, 1899 |
| Died | December 31, 1971(1971-12-31) (aged 72) |
| Playing career | |
| Football | |
| 1921–1924 | St. Bonaventure |
| Basketball | |
| 1921–1925 | St. Bonaventure |
|  | |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| Football | |
| 1930–1942 | St. Bonaventure |
| Basketball | |
| 1928–1943 | St. Bonaventure |
| Baseball | |
| 1931–1932 | St. Bonaventure |
|  | |
| Administrative career (AD unless noted) | |
| 1930–1943 | St. Bonaventure |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 43–43–10 (football)<br>132–76 (basketball) |
|  | |


title: Richard Peirse

abstract: Air Chief Marshal Sir Richard Edmund Charles Peirse,, served as a senior Royal Air Force commander.

text:
# Richard Peirse

Air Chief Marshal **Sir Richard Edmund Charles Peirse**, KCB, DSO, AFC (30 September 1892 – 5 August 1970), served as a senior Royal Air Force commander.

## RAF career

The son of Admiral Sir Richard Peirse and his wife Blanche Melville Wemyss-Whittaker, Richard Peirse was educated at the Junior School section of Monkton Combe School, Bath, Somerset, on HMS *Conway* and at King's College London. He became a midshipman in the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve and was commissioned in 1912. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order for his contribution to the aerial attack on Dunkirk on 23 January 1915. and was promoted to flight commander in May 1915. He was further promoted in July 1916 to squadron commander.

Later that year, on 18 August 1915, Peirse married Mary Joyce Ledgard (1894–1975), younger daughter of Mr and Mrs Armitage Ledgard, of the Manor House, Thorner, Yorkshire. They had one son and one daughter. The marriage was dissolved in 1945.

Peirse served as a pilot with the Royal Naval Air Service until 1 April 1918 when it became part of the Royal Air Force. With the formation of the RAF, Peirse became Officer Commanding No. 222 Squadron. Following promotion to wing commander in January 1922, in 1923 he became Station Commander at RAF Gosport and in 1929 he was made Station Commander at RAF Heliopolis. He was also promoted to group captain in 1929.

Peirse went on to be deputy director of Operations and Intelligence at the Air Ministry in 1930 and, having been promoted to air commodore in 1933, was appointed Air Officer Commanding Palestine Transjordan Command during the Arab revolt in Palestine. Promoted again, this time to air vice-marshal in 1936, he was appointed Deputy Chief of the Air Staff and Director of Operations and Intelligence in January 1937.

In the Second World War, as a temporary air marshal, Peirse became Vice-Chief of the Air Staff from April 1940 and, and having had his rank confirmed as permanent in July, he became Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Bomber Command from October. He presided over a large expansion in the bomber force (and appeared in the propaganda film *Target for Tonight*). In the face of increasing losses and no evidence of significant impact on Germany, he was relieved of his duties as commander of the bomber force in January 1942. He was replaced by Arthur Harris.

When reports from Witold Pilecki of the treatment of Jews in Auschwitz reached London via the Polish government in exile, Peirse, then head of Bomber Command, was intrigued by their suggestion that the camp be bombed to allow the inmates to escape, even though the 1,700-mile round trip from Stradishall air base in Suffolk to Auschwitz was longer than any mission the RAF had yet attempted. Charles Portal, chief of the air staff, however, rejected the idea as an "undesirable diversion and unlikely to achieve its purpose". During early 1942, Peirse was appointed commander of Allied air forces in South East Asia and the South West Pacific, a post known as ABDAIR and part of the short-lived American-British-Dutch-Australian Command (ABDA). As the Dutch East Indies fell to Japanese forces, during February and March, ABDA was dissolved.

In March 1943 Peirse was appointed Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief RAF India and in November 1943 he was made Allied Air Commander in Chief, South-East Asia. He oversaw the building of his command from a small demoralised and poorly organised force with a collection of obsolescent aircraft into a powerful force with a three to one numerical superiority over the enemy. Although seen as somewhat aloof, he fought fiercely to bring the structure and resources needed for his command and was seen to make an able contribution to the higher direction of the war in the South East Asian theatre.

After a six-month extension, Peirse's term of office expired in November 1944 and was not renewed. He retired in May 1945 with the rank of air chief marshal but never received advancement to the Grand Cross level in the orders of knighthood which would normally have been forthcoming to an officer of his rank at the time. The reason for the abrupt termination of his career lay in his affair with Lady (Jessie) Auchinleck, the wife of his friend, Field Marshal Sir Claude Auchinleck, then Commander in Chief India.

The affair became known to Mountbatten in early 1944, and he passed the information to the Chief of the RAF, Sir Charles Portal, hoping that Peirse would be recalled. The affair was common knowledge by September 1944, and Peirse was considered to be neglecting his duties. Mountbatten sent Peirse and Lady Auchinleck back to England on 28 November 1944, where they lived together at a Brighton hotel. Peirse had his marriage dissolved in 1945, and the Auchinlecks divorced in December 1945. Peirse and the former Lady Auchinleck married the following year.

## Awards and decorations

## InfoBox

| Sir Richard Peirse | |
| --- | --- |
| Peirse broadcasting over the radio during the Second World War | |
| Born | (1892-09-30)30 September 1892
Norwood, South London, England |
| Died | 5 August 1970(1970-08-05) (aged 77) |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Service/branch | Royal Navy (1912–1918)
Royal Air Force (1918–1945) |
| Years of service | 1912–1945 |
| Rank | Air Chief Marshal |
| Commands | Air Command South-East Asia (1943–1944)
Air Forces in India (1942–1943)
Bomber Command (1940–1942)
Palestine Transjordan Command (1933–1936)
RAF Heliopolis (1929–1930)
RAF Gosport (1923–1925)
No. 222 Squadron RAF (1918–1919)
No. 65 Wing RAF (1918)
No. 2 Wing RNAS (1917–1918) |
| Battles/wars | First World War
Arab revolt in Palestine
Second World War |
| Awards | Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath
Distinguished Service Order
Air Force Cross
Mentioned in Despatches (3) |
| Relations | Admiral Sir Richard Peirse (father)
Air Vice Marshal Sir Richard Peirse (son) |


title: Pascal Covici

abstract: Pascal Avram "Pat" Covici was a Romanian Jewish-American book publisher and editor, best known for his close associations with authors such as John Steinbeck, Saul Bellow, and many more noted American literary figures, mainly through his position at Viking Press.

text:
# Pascal Covici

**Pascal Avram "Pat" Covici** (November 4, 1885–October 14, 1964) was a Romanian Jewish-American book publisher and editor, best known for his close associations with authors such as John Steinbeck, Saul Bellow, and many more noted American literary figures, mainly through his position at Viking Press.

## Early life

Covici, known to his friends as "Kai," was born on November 4, 1885, in Botoșani, Kingdom of Romania. He was the son of vintner Wolf Covici and Schifra Barish. At the age of twelve, his family immigrated to Chicago where his six brothers owned and managed a number of retail stores. He studied at the University of Michigan and the University of Chicago but did not graduate from either school, working instead at his brothers' stores.

### Early publishing career

For several years, he published a monthly newspaper in Bradenton, Florida. In 1922, together with partner Billy McGee, he started a publishing company (McGee/Covici, then, Covici-McGee) and bookstore in Chicago. The store became a popular spot for writers, and the company published special, limited edition books, often created for collectors. Ben Hecht's 1922 novel, *Fantazius Mallare*, published by the firm, was labeled obscene, restricted, and confiscated by post office officials. Hecht, the illustrator Wallace Smith, and the publishers were arrested. They pleaded no contest, and had to pay a fine of $1,000. In 1928 he published *The Wild Party* by Joseph Moncure March. The poem was considered lewd and was banned in a number of places, including Boston.

### New firm and controversy

When McGee left the company due to health issues in 1924, Covici continued to publish under Pascal Covici, Inc. Several years later, he began a firm with Donald Friede in New York City. The play *The Front Page* by Hecht and Charles MacArthur and the novel *The Well of Loneliness* by Radclyffe Hall garnered the company quick success. *The Well of Loneliness* was seized from Covici-Friede's offices after Friede sold a copy to John Saxton Sumner of the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice but the New York Court of Special Sessions cleared the book of charges of obscenity.

In addition to writers like Gene Fowler, Wyndham Lewis, Clifford Odets, and Nathanael West, their key author was John Steinbeck, whom they signed in 1934. They published *Tortilla Flat* in 1935 and other new and reprinted Steinbeck works. Covici-Friede failed in 1938; in 1943, Crown Publishing purchased the firm's assets.

### Viking Press

In 1938, Covici moved to Viking Press, where he convinced Steinbeck to sign. Viking published *The Grapes of Wrath* (1939), which received a 1940 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. Overall, Covici's association with Steinbeck was long-lasting and highly honored by both sides.

Covici also worked on the Viking Portable Library and with authors like Joseph Campbell, Ludwig Bemelmans, Gilbert Highet, Lionel Trilling, Arthur Miller, George Gamow, Shirley Jackson, Willy Ley, Marianne Moore, and Saul Bellow. Bellow's novel *Herzog*, Steinbeck's *East of Eden*, and Jackson's *We Have Always Lived in the Castle* are dedicated to Covici.

### Death and legacy

Covici died on October 14, 1964. His relationship with John Steinbeck is portrayed in the book *Steinbeck and Covici: The Story of a Friendship*, edited by Thomas Fensch.

## Other works published

* Ronald S. Marmarelli. "Covici, Pascal Avram"; American National Biography Online Feb. 2000.


title: Habroteleia flavipes

abstract: Habroteleia flavipes, is a species of wasp belonging to the family Platygastridae.

text:
# Habroteleia flavipes

***Habroteleia flavipes***, is a species of wasp belonging to the family Platygastridae.

## Distribution

It is found throughout South Asian and South East Asian countries such as India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Philippines, Indonesia, Cambodia, Brunei, China, South Korea, Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia.

## Description

Female is larger than male. Body length of female is about 4.36–4.72 mm, whereas male is 4.15–4.52 mm. Mesosoma and metasoma are black. Antennae punctate rugose to smooth. Central keel absent.

## InfoBox

| *Habroteleia flavipes* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Scelionidae |
| Genus: | *Habroteleia* |
| Species: | ***H. flavipes*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Habroteleia flavipes***<br>Kieffer, 1905 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Habroteleia browni* Crawford, 1910 * *Chrestoteleia bakeri* Kieffer, 1926 * *Habroteleia bharatensis* Saraswat, 1978 * *Triteleia kotturensis* Sharma, 1981 * *Habroteleia kotturensis* Mani and Sharma 1982 | |


title: Air pollutant concentrations

abstract: Air pollutant concentrations, as measured or as calculated by air pollution dispersion modeling, must often be converted or corrected to be expressed as required by the regulations issued by various governmental agencies. Regulations that define and limit the concentration of pollutants in the ambient air or in gaseous emissions to the ambient air are issued by various national and state environmental protection and occupational health and safety agencies. Such regulations involve a number of different expressions of concentration. Some express the concentrations as ppmv and some express the concentrations as mg/m⁳, while others require adjusting or correcting the concentrations to reference conditions of moisture content, oxygen content or carbon dioxide content. This article presents methods for converting concentrations from ppmv to mg/m⁳ and for correcting the concentrations to the required reference conditions. All of the concentrations and concentration corrections in this article apply only to air and other gases. They are not applicable for liquids.

text:
# Air pollutant concentrations

**Air pollutant concentrations**, as measured or as calculated by air pollution dispersion modeling, must often be converted or corrected to be expressed as required by the regulations issued by various governmental agencies. Regulations that define and limit the concentration of pollutants in the ambient air or in gaseous emissions to the ambient air are issued by various national and state (or provincial) environmental protection and occupational health and safety agencies.

Such regulations involve a number of different expressions of concentration. Some express the concentrations as ppmv (parts per million by volume) and some express the concentrations as mg/m3 (milligrams per cubic meter), while others require adjusting or correcting the concentrations to reference conditions of moisture content, oxygen content or carbon dioxide content. This article presents methods for converting concentrations from ppmv to mg/m3 (and vice versa) and for correcting the concentrations to the required reference conditions.

All of the concentrations and concentration corrections in this article apply only to air and other gases. They are not applicable for liquids.

Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere if *half* of global-warming emissions are *not* absorbed.
(NASA simulation; 9 November 2015)Nitrogen dioxide 2014 - global air quality levels
(released 14 December 2015).

## Converting air pollutant concentrations

The conversion equations depend on the temperature at which the conversion is wanted (usually about 20 to 25 °C). At an ambient sea level atmospheric pressure of 1 atm (101.325 kPa or 1.01325 bar), the general equation is:

$$\mathrm {ppmv} =\mathrm {mg} /\mathrm {m} ^{3}\cdot {\frac {(0.082057338\cdot T)}{M}}$$

and for the reverse conversion:

$$\mathrm {mg} /\mathrm {m} ^{3}=\mathrm {ppmv} \cdot {\frac {M}{(0.082057338\cdot T)}}$$

| where: |  |
| --- | --- |
| **mg/m3** | = milligrams of pollutant per cubic meter of air at sea level atmospheric pressure and ***T*** |
| **ppmv** | = air pollutant concentration, in parts per million by volume |
| ***T*** | = ambient temperature in K = 273. + °C |
| **0.082057338** | = Universal gas constant in L atm mol−1 K−1 |
| ***M*** | = molecular mass (or molecular weight) of the air pollutant |

Notes:

* 1 atm = absolute pressure of 101.325 kPa or 1.01325 bar
* mol = gram mole and kmol = 1000 gram moles
* Pollution regulations in the United States typically reference their pollutant limits to an ambient temperature of 20 to 25 °C as noted above. In most other nations, the reference ambient temperature for pollutant limits may be 0 °C or other values.
* Although ppmv and mg/m3 have been used for the examples in all of the following sections, concentrations such as ppbv (i.e., parts per billion by volume), volume percent, mole percent and many others may also be used for gaseous pollutants.
* Particulate matter (PM) in the atmospheric air or in any other gas cannot be expressed in terms of ppmv, ppbv, volume percent or mole percent. PM is most usually (but not always) expressed as mg/m3 of air or other gas at a specified temperature and pressure.
* For gases, volume percent = mole percent
* 1 volume percent = 10,000 ppmv (i.e., parts per million by volume) with a million being defined as 106.
* Care must be taken with the concentrations expressed as ppbv to differentiate between the British billion which is 1012 and the USA billion which is 109 (also referred to as the long scale and short scale billion, respectively).

## Correcting concentrations for altitude

Air pollutant concentrations expressed as mass per unit volume of atmospheric air (e.g., mg/m3, μg/m3, etc.) at sea level will decrease with increasing altitude. The concentration decrease is directly proportional to the pressure decrease with increasing altitude. Some governmental regulatory jurisdictions require industrial sources of air pollution to comply with sea level standards corrected for altitude. In other words, industrial air pollution sources located at altitudes well above sea level must comply with significantly more stringent air quality standards than sources located at sea level (since it is more difficult to comply with lower standards). For example, New Mexico's Department of the Environment has a regulation with such a requirement.

The change of atmospheric pressure with altitude (\<20 km) can be obtained from this equation:

$$P\_{\mathrm {h} }=P\\,\cdot {\bigg (}{\frac {288-6.5h}{288}{\bigg )}^{5.2558}}$$

Given an air pollutant concentration at sea-level atmospheric pressure, the concentration at higher altitudes can be obtained from this equation:

$$C\_{\mathrm {h} }=C\\,\cdot {\bigg (}{\frac {288-6.5h}{288}{\bigg )}^{5.2558}}$$

| where: |  |
| --- | --- |
| **h** | = altitude, in km |
| ***P*** | = atmospheric pressure at sea level |
| ***P*****h** | = atmospheric pressure at altitude **h** |
| ***C***
 | = Air pollutant concentration, in mass per unit volume at sea level atmospheric pressure and specified temperature T |
| ***C*****h** | = Concentration, in mass per unit volume at altitude **h** and specified temperature T |

As an example, given an air pollutant concentration of 260 mg/m3 at sea level, calculate the equivalent pollutant concentration at an altitude of 2800 meters:

***C*****h** = 260 × \[ { 288 - (6.5)(2.8) } / 288\] 5.2558 = 260 × 0.71 = 185 mg/m3

Note:

* The above equation for the decrease of air pollution concentrations with increasing altitude is applicable only for about the first 10 km of altitude in the troposphere (the lowest atmospheric layer) and is estimated to have a maximum error of about 3 percent. However, 10 km of altitude is sufficient for most purposes involving air pollutant concentrations.

## Correcting concentrations for reference conditions

Many environmental protection agencies have issued regulations that limit the concentration of pollutants in gaseous emissions and define the reference conditions applicable to those concentration limits. For example, such a regulation might limit the concentration of NO*x* to 55 ppmv in a dry combustion exhaust gas (at a specified reference temperature and pressure) corrected to 3 volume percent O2 in the dry gas. As another example, a regulation might limit the concentration of total particulate matter to 200 mg/m3 of an emitted gas (at a specified reference temperature and pressure) corrected to a dry basis and further corrected to 12 volume percent CO2 in the dry gas.

Environmental agencies in the USA often use the terms "dscf" or "scfd" to denote a "standard" cubic foot of dry gas. Likewise, they often use the terms "dscm" or "scmd" to denote a "standard" cubic meter of gas. Since there is no universally accepted set of "standard" temperature and pressure, such usage can be and is very confusing. It is strongly recommended that the reference temperature and pressure always be clearly specified when stating gas volumes or gas flow rates.

### Correcting to a dry basis

If a gaseous emission sample is analyzed and found to contain water vapor and a pollutant concentration of say 40 ppmv, then 40 ppmv should be designated as the "wet basis" pollutant concentration. The following equation can be used to correct the measured "wet basis" concentration to a "dry basis" concentration:

$$C\_{\mathrm {dry\\,basis} }={\frac {C\_{\mathrm {wet\\,basis} }{1-w}}}$$

| where: |  |
| --- | --- |
| ***C*** | = Concentration of the air pollutant in the emitted gas |
| ***w*** | = fraction of the emitted exhaust gas, by volume, which is water vapor |

As an example, a wet basis concentration of 40 ppmv in a gas having 10 volume percent water vapor would have a:

***C*****dry basis** = 40 ÷ ( 1 - 0.10 ) = 44.4 ppmv.

### Correcting to a reference oxygen content

The following equation can be used to correct a measured pollutant concentration in a dry emitted gas with a measured O2 content to an equivalent pollutant concentration in a dry emitted gas with a specified reference amount of O2:

$$C\_{\mathrm {r} }=C\_{\mathrm {m} }\cdot {\frac {(20.9-\mathrm {reference\\,volume\\,\\%\\,O\_{2} )}{(20.9-\mathrm {measured\\,volume\\,\\%\\,O\_{2} )}}}}$$

| where: |  |
| --- | --- |
| ***C*****r** | = corrected concentration of a dry gas with a specified reference volume % O2 |
| ***C*****m** | = measured concentration in a dry gas having a measured volume % O2 |

As an example, a measured NO*x* concentration of 45 ppmv in a dry gas having 5 volume % O2 is:

45 × ( 20.9 - 3 ) ÷ ( 20.9 - 5 ) = 50.7 ppmv of NO*x*

when corrected to a dry gas having a specified reference O2 content of 3 volume %.

Note:

* The measured gas concentration ***C*****m** must first be corrected to a dry basis before using the above equation.

### Correcting to a reference carbon dioxide content

The following equation can be used to correct a measured pollutant concentration in an emitted gas (containing a measured CO2 content) to an equivalent pollutant concentration in an emitted gas containing a specified reference amount of CO2:

$$C\_{\mathrm {r} }=C\_{\mathrm {m} }\cdot {\frac {(\mathrm {reference\\,volume\\,\\%\\,CO\_{2} )}{(\mathrm {measured\\,volume\\,\\%\\,CO\_{2} )}}}}$$

| where: |  |
| --- | --- |
| ***C*****r** | = corrected concentration of a dry gas having a specified reference volume % CO2 |
| ***C*****m** | = measured concentration of a dry gas having a measured volume % CO2 |

As an example, a measured particulates concentration of 200 mg/m3 in a dry gas that has a measured 8 volume % CO2 is:

200 × ( 12 ÷ 8 ) = 300 mg/m3

when corrected to a dry gas having a specified reference CO2 content of 12 volume %.

*This article incorporates material from the Citizendium article "Air pollutant concentrations", which is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License but not under the GFDL.*