title: Music of the Harry Potter films

abstract: The music of the Harry Potter film series was recorded and released in conjunction with the post-production and releases of each of the eight corresponding films. The scores were composed by John Williams, Patrick Doyle, Nicholas Hooper, and Alexandre Desplat. Though Williams only scored the first three films, several motifs that he created have been reprised and incorporated into the remaining scores, in particular "Hedwig's Theme", which can be heard in all eight films. Other musicians credited with writing the Harry Potter music include Jarvis Cocker, The Ordinary Boys, and Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds. Jeremy Soule and James Hannigan wrote the music for the Harry Potter video games. J. Scott Rakozy, Peter Murray, and Chuck E. Myers "Sea" composed the music for Hogwarts Legacy.

text:
# Music of the Harry Potter films

The **music of the *Harry Potter* film series** was recorded and released in conjunction with the post-production and releases of each of the eight corresponding films. The scores were composed by John Williams, Patrick Doyle, Nicholas Hooper, and Alexandre Desplat. Though Williams only scored the first three films, several motifs that he created have been reprised and incorporated into the remaining scores, in particular "Hedwig's Theme", which can be heard in all eight films. Other musicians credited with writing the *Harry Potter* music include Jarvis Cocker, The Ordinary Boys, and Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds. Jeremy Soule and James Hannigan wrote the music for the *Harry Potter* video games. J. Scott Rakozy, Peter Murray, and Chuck E. Myers "Sea" composed the music for *Hogwarts Legacy*.

## Overview

| Year | Title | Composer | Conductor | Orchestrator | Orchestra |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2001 | *Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone* | John Williams | John Williams | John Williams
Conrad Pope
Alexander Courage
John Neufeld
Eddie Karam
Pete Anthony
Larry Rench | London Symphony Orchestra |
| 2002 | *Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets* | | William Ross | | |
| 2004 | *Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban* | | John Williams | | |
| 2005 | *Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire* | Patrick Doyle | James Shearman | Patrick Doyle
James Shearman
Lawrence Ashmore
John Bell
Brad Dechter
Nicole Nevin
James McWilliam | |
| 2007 | *Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix* | Nicholas Hooper | Alastair King Nicholas Hooper | Alastair King
Simon Whiteside
Geoff Alexander
Julian Kershaw
Bradley Miles | Chamber Orchestra of London |
| 2009 | *Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince* | | Nicholas Hooper
Alastair King | Alastair King
Jeff Atmajian
Simon Whiteside
Daryl Griffith
Bradley Farmer | |
| 2010 | *Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1* | Alexandre Desplat | | Alexandre Desplat
Conrad Pope
Jean-Pascal Beintus
Clifford Tasner
Richard Stewart
Nan Schwartz
Alejandro de la Llosa | London Symphony Orchestra |
| 2011 | *Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2* | | Alexandre Desplat
Conrad Pope
Jean-Pascal Beintus
Clifford Tasner
Bill Newlin
Nan Schwartz
Alejandro de la Llosa ||

## Themes and motifs

Throughout the series, each composer created themes for particular characters, items, locations, and ideas. Several themes can be heard in films subsequent to the one they were written for, although very few lasted for the entire film series.

### First appearance in *The Philosopher's Stone*

| Theme | Description | Scores heard in |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hedwig's Theme | The dominant theme closely identified with and prominently used in all eight *Harry Potter* films. Though titled "Hedwig's Theme", it does not always specifically represent Hedwig, but rather the wider idea of magic and the Wizarding World franchise. Its concert suite is frequently performed by musicians and ensembles. | *The Philosopher's Stone*, *Chamber of Secrets*, *Prisoner of Azkaban*, *Goblet of Fire*, *Order of the Phoenix*, *Half-Blood Prince*, *Deathly Hallows – Part 1* and *Deathly Hallows – Part 2* |
| Family Portrait | Represents Harry's parents and his new family in Hogwarts. | *The Philosopher's Stone*, *The Chamber of Secrets*, and *The Deathly Hallows – Part 2* (Tracked) |
| Harry's Wondrous World | Associated with Harry and his friendships with Ron and Hermione. | *The Philosopher's Stone*, *The Chamber of Secrets*, *The Half-Blood Prince* (recording sessions only) and *The Deathly Hallows – Part 2* (Tracked) |
| Nimbus 2000 | Associated with the Nimbus 2000, flying, and mischief. | *The Philosopher's Stone*, *The Chamber of Secrets*, *The Prisoner of Azkaban* and *The Deathly Hallows – Part 2* |
| Voldemort's Theme | A two-part theme associated with the main antagonist, Lord Voldemort | *The Philosopher's Stone* and *The Chamber of Secrets* |
| Philosopher's Stone | Associated with the Philosopher's Stone and used to represent Voldemort in *The Chamber of Secrets*. | *The Philosopher's Stone* and *The Chamber of Secrets* |
| Diagon Alley | Represents Diagon Alley as a setting. | *The Philosopher's Stone* (album only) and *The Chamber of Secrets* |
| Hogwarts Forever | A thematic representation of Hogwarts | *The Philosopher's Stone* |
| Quidditch Fanfare | Represents the commencement of quidditch matches. | *The Philosopher's Stone* and *The Chamber of Secrets* |
| Christmas at Hogwarts | Associated with the arrival of winter and Christmas. | *The Philosopher's Stone* and *The Chamber of Secrets* |
| The Dark Forest | Represents the Dark Forest as a setting. | *The Philosopher's Stone* and *The Chamber of Secrets* |
| The Flying Keys | Represents flying magical objects and creatures; such as the flying keys in the first film, and Cornish Pixies and the bludger in the second film. | *The Philosopher's Stone* and *The Chamber of Secrets* |
| The Banquet Fanfare | Music used during banquet scenes. | *The Philosopher's Stone* and *The Chamber of Secrets* |
| The Great Hall Fanfare | Theme associated with the discovery of the amazing wizarding world. Used for the discoveries of Diagon Alley (in the movie), Hogwarts and the Great Hall (and during the sorting of Hermione). | *The Philosopher's Stone* |
| Ron Weasley's Motif | Whimsical theme used to represent the lightness of Ron. | *The Philosopher's Stone* and *The Chamber of Secrets* |
| Weasley's Family | Comical theme heard during family scenes, notably the train station scenes. | *The Philosopher's Stone* and *The Chamber of Secrets* |
| Comical Theme | Used for Hagrid's dragon and Ron's eat slugs curse. | *The Philosopher's Stone* and *The Chamber of Secrets* |
| Revelation Theme | Used with the first appearance of the Chessboard Chamber and the Chamber of Secrets. First heard when Filch and Snape discover that someone was in the restricted library in the first movie. | *The Philosopher's Stone* and *The Chamber of Secrets* |
| The Sneaking Around Theme | Heard with the first appearance of Dumbledore out of the mist; the Golden Trio visiting Hagrid in the middle of the night; the approach of the flying car; and Harry finding Nearly Headless Nick & Justin Finch-Fletchley petrified. | *The Philosopher's Stone* and *The Chamber of Secrets* |
| Dursley's Theme | Comical theme associated with the Dursleys. | *The Philosopher's Stone* and *The Chamber of Secrets* |
| Ghosts' Motif | Music heard when the ghosts appear. Also used in Moaning Myrtle's theme. | *The Philosopher's Stone* and *The Chamber of Secrets* |
| Invisibility Cloak Theme | Associated with the cloak during its use in the first two films. Also used when Harry is writing to Tom Riddle in the diary, and when Tom starts explaining to Harry the strange events that happened during school year in the second film. Heard very briefly in the third film when Harry puts on the cloak in the Honeydukes cellar. | *The Philosopher's Stone*, *The Chamber of Secrets and The Prisoner of Azkaban* |
| Fluffy's Harp | Music played by the harp in the first film, which was the instrument used to put Fluffy to sleep. | *The Philosopher's Stone* |
| Leaving Hogwarts | Music played when Harry gets on the train. | *The Philosopher's Stone, The Chamber of Secrets* and *The Deathly Hallows – Part 2* |

### First appearance in *The Chamber of Secrets*

| Theme | Description | Scores Heard in |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Fawkes the Phoenix | Associated with Dumbledore's pet Phoenix. | *The Chamber of Secrets* |
| Gilderoy Lockhart | Represents Flourish & Blotts and the eponymous professor. | *The Chamber of Secrets* |
| Dobby's Theme | Represents Dobby the House Elf. | *The Chamber of Secrets* |
| The Chamber of Secrets | Associated with the Chamber of Secrets as a setting. | *The Chamber of Secrets* |
| Moaning Myrtle | Associated with Moaning Myrtle. | *The Chamber of Secrets* |
| The Flying Car | Represents the enchanted car used by the protagonists. | *The Chamber of Secrets* |
| Spider's Theme | Eight notes theme (one for each leg) associated with Aragog's spiders. A similar theme is heard in Munich (2005), which Williams was already scheduled for and had potentially started to develop. | *The Chamber of Secrets* |
| Lucius Malfoy's Theme | Conspiracy theme associated with Malfoy. It is based on a similar theme heard in *Star Wars: Attack of the Clones*. | *The Chamber of Secrets* |
| Errol the Owl | Associated with the pet owl of the Weasley family. | *The Chamber of Secrets* |
| Basilisk Duel Motif | Associated with Harry's battle with the Basilisk in the Chamber of Secrets | *The Chamber of Secrets* |

### First appearance in *The Prisoner of Azkaban*

| Theme | Description | Scores Heard in |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Double Trouble | Works as the main thematic identity for the third score, also used in a source cue. | *The Prisoner of Azkaban* |
| Sirius Black's Theme | 3-note motif that represents Sirius Black as a villainous character. | *The Prisoner of Azkaban* |
| A Window to the Past | Associated with characters that have connections to Harry's parents. | *The Prisoner of Azkaban* |
| Buckbeak's Flight | Represents Buckbeak while flying. Also used when Harry and Hermione rescue Sirius Black. | *The Prisoner of Azkaban* |
| Quidditch Motif | Secondary theme used to represent Quidditch. Reprised by Nicholas Hooper in *The Half-Blood Prince* during Ron's Quidditch tryout. | *The Prisoner of Azkaban* and *The Half-Blood Prince* |
| Patronus Theme | Associated with the Patronus Charm. | *The Prisoner of Azkaban* |
| Marauders' Motif | Associated with Sirius Black in animal form, Remus Lupin in werewolf form, and the Marauders' Map itself. Much like Peter Pettigrew's Theme, it uses primarily chromatic neighbours. | *The Prisoner of Azkaban* |
| Betrayal Theme | Represents Harry's emotional response upon learning his parents were betrayed and Lupin's resignation. | *The Prisoner of Azkaban* |
| Peter Pettigrew's Theme | Represents Peter Pettigrew. A similar theme is heard in Munich (2005), which Williams was working on concurrently. | *The Prisoner of Azkaban*, *The Order of the Phoenix (recording sessions only)* and *The Half-Blood Prince* |

### First appearance in *The Goblet of Fire*

| Theme | Description | Scores Heard in |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Voldemort's Theme | New thematic identity for Lord Voldemort. | *The Goblet of Fire* and *The Order of the Phoenix* |
| Harry's Theme | New thematic identity for Harry. Its concert suite is entitled "Harry in Winter". | *The Goblet of Fire* |
| Hogwarts' Hymn | New thematic identity for Hogwarts. | *The Goblet of Fire* |
| Durmstrang Theme | Thematic identity for Viktor Krum and Durmstrang. Also used for the Bulgarian Quidditch team. | *The Goblet of Fire* |
| Beauxbatons Theme | Thematic identity for Beauxbatons Academy of Magic. | *The Goblet of Fire* |
| Moaning Myrtle's Theme | New theme for Moaning Myrtle. Uses similar orchestration to Williams's original theme for the same character. | *The Goblet of Fire* |
| Merpeople's Theme | Associated with the Merpeople and the Second Task. First heard when Harry opens the golden egg underwater, and again when he is competing in the task. | *The Goblet of Fire* |

### First appearance in *The Order of the Phoenix*

| Theme | Description | Scores Heard in |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Professor Umbridge's Theme | Represents Hogwarts Professor Dolores Umbridge. | *The Order of the Phoenix* and *The Half-Blood Prince* |
| Possession Theme | Associated with Voldemort and his attempt to possess Harry. | *The Order of the Phoenix* and *The Half-Blood Prince* |
| Weasley's Wizard Wheezes Theme | Associated with the antics of Fred and George Weasley. | *The Order of the Phoenix* and *The Half-Blood Prince* |
| Dumbledore's Army Theme | Represents Dumbledore's Army and the bonding of friends. | *The Order of the Phoenix* and *The Half-Blood Prince* (tracked) |
| Kiss Theme | Represents Harry's love and later his friendship. | *The Order of the Phoenix* and *The Deathly Hallows – Part 2* |
| Ministry of Magic Theme | Represents the Ministry of Magic. Bears similarities in orchestration to Alexandre Desplat's theme for the Ministry in *The Deathly Hallows – Part 1.* | *The Order of the Phoenix* |

### First appearance in *The Half-Blood Prince*

| Theme | Description | Scores Heard in |
| --- | --- | --- |
| "In Noctem" Theme | Represents Albus Dumbledore. | *The Half-Blood Prince* |
| Death Eater Theme | Rhythmic ostinato for Voldemort's Death Eaters. | *The Half-Blood Prince* |
| Malfoy's Theme | Represents Draco Malfoy and his mission. | *The Half-Blood Prince* |
| Slughorn's Theme | Associated with Professor Slughorn. | *The Half-Blood Prince* |
| Harry and Hermione Theme | Represents Harry's friendship with Hermione. | *The Half-Blood Prince* |
| Ginny's Theme | New romance theme. Used specifically in reference to Ginny. | *The Half-Blood Prince* |
| Dumbledore's Farewell Theme | Associated with the death of Albus Dumbledore. Also used by Alexandre Desplat in the score for Snape's memories in *The Deathly Hallows – Part 2.* | *The Half-Blood Prince* and *The Deathly Hallows – Part 2* (tracked) |

### First appearance in *The Deathly Hallows – Part 1*

| Theme | Description | Scores Heard in |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Obliviate | Represents the loss of innocence of Harry, Ron, and Hermione. Main identity for the movie. | *The Deathly Hallows – Part 1* and *The Deathly Hallows – Part 2* |
| Band of Brothers Theme (Friends Theme) | In *The Deathly Hallows – Part 1*, it represents the Order of the Phoenix. In *The Deathly Hallows – Part 2*, the theme is associated specifically with Neville. Also used as a theme for Ginny and Harry. | *The Deathly Hallows – Part 1* and *The Deathly Hallows – Part 2* |
| Voldemort's Theme | New thematic identity for Lord Voldemort. | *The Deathly Hallows – Part 1* |
| Death Eaters | Ostinato motif representing the Death Eaters. Often played in counterpoint with Voldemort's theme. | *The Deathly Hallows – Part 1* |
| Dumbledore Theme | New thematic identity for Dumbledore and his family. | *The Deathly Hallows – Part 1* and *The Deathly Hallows – Part 2* (Tracked) |
| Horcruxes Theme | Associated with Voldemort's horcruxes. This theme is first used for the locket in Part 1. | *The Deathly Hallows – Part 1* and *The Deathly Hallows – Part 2* |
| Ron's Theme or Love Theme | Theme associated with Ron and obviously as a love theme for him and Hermione. It can be heard in **Ron Leaves**, **Ron's Speech** and at the end of **Hermione's Parents** when Ron returns in Part 1. It is reused in Part 2 during the kiss and when Hermione and Ron search for Harry during the battle (not used). | *The Deathly Hallows – Part 1* and *The Deathly Hallows – Part 2* |
| Hermione's Theme | Sweet Theme associated with Hermione. This theme can be heard prominently in the first part of **Hermione's Parents** and at the end of **The Dumbledores**. It is used again during the torture scene with Bellatrix. In the Demos of the soundtrack this theme can also be heard in the track **Traveling Montage** when Harry and Hermione disappear after the departure of Ron (but this track is not in the final soundtrack or movie). | *The Deathly Hallows – Part 1* |
| Deathly Hallows | Represents the Deathly Hallows as objects. | *The Deathly Hallows – Part 1* and *The Deathly Hallows – Part 2* |
| Dobby's Theme | New thematic identity for Dobby. | *The Deathly Hallows – Part 1* |
| Lovegood's Theme | Represents Xenophilius Lovegood, and is often in counterpoint with the "Deathly Hallows" theme. Only heard in the credits. | *The Deathly Hallows – Part 1* |

### First appearance in *The Deathly Hallows – Part 2*

| Theme | Description | Scores Heard in |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Lily's Theme | Associated with the memory of Harry's mother. | *The Deathly Hallows – Part 2* |
| Statues | Represents the Battle of Hogwarts. | *The Deathly Hallows – Part 2* |
| Battlefield | Secondary theme for the Battle of Hogwarts. | *The Deathly Hallows – Part 2* |
| Severus and Lily | Represents Snape's love for Harry's mother. | *The Deathly Hallows – Part 2* |
| Resurrection Theme | Represents the Resurrection Stone and life. | *The Deathly Hallows – Part 2* |


title: Nicolas Dalayrac

abstract: Nicolas-Marie d'Alayrac, nicknamed the Musician poet, more commonly Nicolas Dalayrac, was a French composer of the Classical period. Intended for a military career, he made the acquaintance of many musicians in the Parisian salons, which convinced him of his true vocation. Among his most popular works, Nina, or The Woman Crazed with Love (1786), which tackles the theme of madness and arouses real enthusiasm during its creation, premiered on 23 November at the Stroganov Palace. The Two Little Savoyards (1789), which deals with the rapprochement of social classes, a theme bearing the ideals of the French Revolution, Camille ou le Souterrain (1791), judged as his best production or even Léon ou le Château de Monténéro (1798) who by his leitmotifs announces a new genre. If he forges an international reputation, he remains nevertheless less known in the lyrical field than André Grétry. His first compositions were violin duos, string trios and quartets. He published them under a pseudonym with Italian consonance. The quartets were very successful, and the true identity of their author was eventually discovered. According to René-Charles Guilbert de Pixérécourt, he was initiated into Freemasonry and was a member of the Masonic lodge of «The Nine Sisters». In 1778 he composed the music for the reception of Voltaire, and of the party in honor of Benjamin Franklin at the home of Anne-Catherine de Ligniville Helvétius. Dalayrac actively participated in the development of copyright.

text:
# Nicolas Dalayrac

**Nicolas-Marie d'Alayrac** (French: \[nikola mari dalerak\]; bapt. 13 June 1753  26 November 1809), nicknamed the **Musician poet**, more commonly **Nicolas Dalayrac**, was a French composer of the Classical period. Intended for a military career, he made the acquaintance of many musicians in the Parisian salons, which convinced him of his true vocation.

Among his most popular works, *Nina, or The Woman Crazed with Love* (1786), which tackles the theme of madness and arouses real enthusiasm during its creation, premiered on 23 November at the Stroganov Palace. *The Two Little Savoyards* (1789), which deals with the rapprochement of social classes, a theme bearing the ideals of the French Revolution, Camille ou le Souterrain (1791), judged as his best production or even Léon ou le Château de Monténéro (1798) who by his leitmotifs announces a new genre. If he forges an international reputation, he remains nevertheless less known in the lyrical field than André Grétry.

His first compositions were violin duos, string trios and quartets. He published them under a pseudonym with Italian consonance. The quartets were very successful, and the true identity of their author was eventually discovered. According to René-Charles Guilbert de Pixérécourt, he was initiated into Freemasonry and was a member of the Masonic lodge of «The Nine Sisters». In 1778 he composed the music for the reception of Voltaire, and of the party in honor of Benjamin Franklin at the home of Anne-Catherine de Ligniville Helvétius. Dalayrac actively participated in the development of copyright.

## Biography

### Childhood and youth

Nicolas-Marie d'Alayrac was born in Muret on 8 April 1753, into a noble family of Sir Jean d'Alayrac, adviser to the king in the election of Comminges and his wife Marie Cluzel. Baptized five days later, Nicolas Alayrac is the oldest of five children. He was the first of four children, including two sisters who died at a young age, he was sent to the bar, and went to study in Toulouse.

Although trained as a lawyer, he was encouraged by his father to abandon his career and follow his passion for music. He married the actress Gilberte Pétronille Sallarde. After the French Revolution he changed his name from the aristocratic d'Alayrac to Dalayrac. In 1804, he received the Légion d'honneur. He died in Paris, aged 56.

## Opéras-comiques

### 1780–1789

* *Le chevalier à la mode* (1781)
* *Le petit souper* (1781)
* *L'éclipse totale* (1782)
* *L'amant statue* (1785)
* *La dot* (1785)
* *Nina, ou La folle par amour* (1786)
* *Azémia* (2 parties, 1786)
* *Renaud d'Ast* (1787)
* *Sargines* (1788)
* *Fanchette* (1788)
* *Les deux petits Savoyards* (1789), libretto by Benoît-Joseph Marsollier des Vivetières, first performance by Les Comédiens ordinaires du Roi, 14 January 1789.
* *Raoul, sire de Créqui* (1789)

### 1790–1799

* *La soirée orageuse* (1790)
* *Le chêne patriotique* (1790)
* *Vert-Vert* (1790)
* *Camille ou Le souterrain* (1791)
* *Agnès et Olivier* (1791)
* *Philippe et Georgette* (1791)
* *Tout pour l'amour* (1792)
* *Ambroise* (1793)
* *Asgill* (2 parties, 1793)
* *La prise de Toulon* (1794)
* *Le congrès des rois* (1794)
* *L'enfance de Jean-Jacques Rousseau* (1794)
* *Les détenus* (1794)
* *Adèle et Dorsan* (1795)
* *Marianne* (1796)
* *La maison isolée* (1797)
* *La leçon* (1797)
* *Gulnare* (1797)
* *Alexis* (1798)
* *Léon* (1798)
* *Primerose* (1798)
* *Adolphe et Clara, ou Les deux prisonniers* (1799)

### 1800–1809

* *Aire de Maison à vendre* (1800)
* *Léhéman* (1801)
* *L'antichambre* (1802)
* *La boucle de cheveux* (1803)
* *La jeune prude* (1804)
* *Une heure de mariage* (1804)
* *Le Pavillon du Calife, ou Almanzor et Zobéïde*, opera in two acts and in free verse, in collaboration with Jean-Baptiste-Denis Despré and Étienne Morel de Chédeville (1805)
* *Le pavillon des fleurs* (1805)
* *Gulistan ou Le hulla de Samarcande* (1805)
* *Deux mots* (1806)
* *Koulouf ou Les chinois* (1806)
* *Lina* (1807)
* *Élise-Hortense* (1808)
* *Les trois sultanes* (1809)
* *Le poète et le musicien* (1809, op. post., f.p. 1811)

### Notes

Citations  1. Dermoncourt 2012, p. 389.
2. Longley 2014, p. 134.
3. Mendel 1870, p. 139-140.
4. Douladoure 1873, p. 367.

### Sources

* Dermoncourt, Bertrand (2012-10-18). *L'univers de l'opéra* (in French). Groupe Robert Laffont. ISBN 978-2-221-13404-7.
* Douladoure, Louis (1873). *Mémoires de l'Académie des sciences, inscriptions et belles-lettres de Toulouse* (in French). Toulouse: French Academy of Sciences. p. 367.
* Jagemann, Karoline (2004). *Selbstinszenierungen im klassischen Weimar: Autobiographie, Kritiken, Huldigungen* \[*Self-promotion in classic Weimar: autobiography, reviews, homage*\] (in German). Wallstein Verlag. ISBN 978-3-89244-743-6.
* Longley, David (2014-07-30). *The Longman companion to imperial Russia, 1689–1917*. Oxon \[England\]: Routledge. p. 134. ISBN 978-1-315-84021-5.
* Mendel, Hermann (1870). *Musikalisches Conversations-Lexikon: Eine encyklopädie der gesammten musikalischen wissenschaften* (in German). Berlin: L. Heimann. pp. 139–140.
* Archives municipales de Toulouse (ed.). "Registre paroissial : baptêmes, mariages, sépulture \[Cote: GG715. Collection communale. 1751–1762. Fol trente-deux\]" \[Parish register: baptisms, weddings, burial\] (in French). Toulouse: Parish of Taur. p. 222. Retrieved January 5, 2014.
* Muret (1761). Archives départementales de la Haute-Garonne (ed.). "Registre paroissial: baptêmes, mariages, sépultures \[1 GG 8. Collection communale. 1751–1762\]" \[Parish register: baptisms, weddings, burial\] (in French). Parish of St. James. p. 212. Retrieved January 5, 2014.
* Parish of Taur (1761). Parish of Taur (ed.). "Registre paroissial : baptêmes, mariages, sépultures \[Cote: GG715. 1751–1762. Fol cent trente-cinq\]" \[Parish register: baptisms, marriages, burials\] (in French). p. 222..
* Ruotte, Louis-Charles (1801). "Nicolas Dalayrac / Louis-Charles Ruotte, d'après Cézarine de C." \[Nicolas Dalayrac / Louis-Charles Ruotte, according to Cézarine de C.\] (in French). Bibliothèque nationale de France.

## InfoBox

| Nicolas Dalayrac | |
| --- | --- |
| Nicolas Dalayrac: lithography | |
| Born | (1753-06-08)8 June 1753
Muret |
| Died | 27 November 1809(1809-11-27) (aged 56)
Paris |
| Occupation | Composer |
| Era | Classical opera |
| Known for | opéras-comiques |
| Works | List of works |
| Awards |  |
| Signature | |
|  | |


title: Mildrey Pineda

abstract: Mildrey Carolina Pineda Echeverri is a Colombian international football player who plays for local club América Femenino as a midfielder.

text:
# Mildrey Pineda

**Mildrey Carolina Pineda Echeverri** (born 1 October 1989) is a Colombian international football player who plays for local club América Femenino as a midfielder.

## InfoBox

Carolina Pineda
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Mildrey Carolina Pineda Echeverri | | |
| Date of birth | (1989-10-01) 1 October 1989 | | |
| Place of birth | Colombia | | |
| Height | 1.66 m (5 ft 5+12 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | América Femenino | | |
| Number | 6 | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | CD Palmiranas |  |  |
| 2017– | Atlético Huila |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 2014– | Colombia | 25 | (2) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 23:18, 23 June 2015 (UTC) | | | |


title: Rave Digger

abstract: Rave Digger is the second studio album of drum and bass DJ, producer and musician Danny Byrd. It was released through Hospital Records on 10 October 2010 digitally and on 11 October 2010 physically.

text:
# Rave Digger

***Rave Digger*** is the second studio album of drum and bass DJ, producer and musician Danny Byrd. It was released through Hospital Records on 10 October 2010 digitally and on 11 October 2010 physically.

## Singles

* "Sweet Harmony" was the first single released from the album, it was released on 1 February 2010. It peaked to No. 64 on the UK Singles Chart.
* "Ill Behaviour" was the second single released from the album, it was released on 26 September 2010. It peaked to No. 36 on the UK Singles Chart, making it his first top 40 single in the UK.
* "We Can Have It All" was the third single from the album. It was released on 24 October 2010.
* "Tonight" was the fourth single from the album. It was released on 6 February 2011.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Ill Behaviour" (featuring I-Kay) | 4:55 |
| 2. | "Judgement Day" (featuring Cyantific and I-Kay) | 5:04 |
| 3. | "Tonight" (featuring Netsky) | 5:43 |
| 4. | "Rave TV Part 1" (skit) | 1:39 |
| 5. | "Hot Fuzz" (featuring Tomahawk) | 5:11 |
| 6. | "We Can Have It All" (vocals by Victoria Beaumont) | 3:47 |
| 7. | "Failsafe" (featuring London Elektricity) (vocals by Liane Carroll) | 6:03 |
| 8. | "Sweet Harmony" (featuring Liquid) | 6:04 |
| 9. | "Rave TV Part 2" (skit) | 0:42 |
| 10. | "Planet Earth" | 3:41 |
| 11. | "Quantum Leap" (featuring Terri Pace) | 5:40 |
| 12. | "Wait for Me" (featuring Zarif) | 5:53 |
| 13. | "Amen Alley" | 5:57 |
| Total length: | | 60:18 |

Special edition
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 14. | "Moonwalker" | 5:19 |
| 15. | "Discovery" | 6:08 |
| 16. | "We Can Have It All" (Sigma remix) | 5:37 |
| 17. | "Judgement Day" (VIP) (featuring Cyantific and I-Kay) | 4:54 |
| 18. | "Red Mist" (VIP Part 2) (featuring I-Kay) | 5:44 |
| 19. | "Tonight" (MJ Cole remix) (featuring Netsky) | 6:24 |
| 20. | "Tonight" (Cutline remix) (featuring Netsky) | 5:13 |
| 21. | "Wait for Me" (instrumental) (featuring Zarif) | 6:06 |
| Total length: | | 105:45 |

Double-vinyl LP
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Judgement Day" (featuring Cyantific and I-Kay) | 5:04 |
| 2. | "Failsafe" (featuring London Elektricity) | 6:03 |
| 3. | "Hot Fuzz" (featuring Tomahawk) | 5:11 |
| 4. | "Amen Alley" | 5:57 |
| Total length: | | 22:15 |

"Judgement Day" and "We Can Have It All" appear on the Codemasters game *Dirt 3*. Both tracks also appear in the Turn 10 Studios game *Forza Motorsport 4*.

The song "Ill Behavior" appears in Codemasters' famous *F1 2011* game.

## Chart performance

| Chart (2010) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 68 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label | Catalogue |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United Kingdom | 10 October 2010 | Digital download | Hospital | B0041EV57S / NHS176CD |
| | 11 October 2010 | CD | | |
| | 2x12" vinyl | B0044CO6OG / NHS176LP | |
| | 18 February 2011 | Digital download
(special edition) | | NHS176DDS |
| | | 20 February 2011 | | NHS176S |

## InfoBox

| Rave Digger | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Danny Byrd | |
| Released |  |
| Recorded | 2009–2010 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 1:00:18 |
| Label | Hospital |
| Danny Byrd chronology | |
| *Supersized*
(2008) ***Rave Digger***
(00000000) *Golden Ticket*
(2013) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Rave Digger* | |
| 1. "Sweet Harmony"
Released: 1 February 2010 2. "Ill Behaviour"
Released: 26 September 2010 3. "We Can Have It All"
Released: 24 October 2010 4. "Tonight"
Released: 6 February 2011 | |
|  | |


title: Nicholas Toms Carrington

abstract: Nicholas Toms Carrington (1777–1830) was an English schoolmaster and poet.

text:
# Nicholas Toms Carrington

**Nicholas Toms Carrington** (also **Noel Thomas**) (1777–1830) was an English schoolmaster and poet.

## Life

The son of a retail grocer at Plymouth, Carrington was born there. Shortly his parents moved to Plymouth Dock, and for some time he was employed as a clerk in the Plymouth dockyard. Then he became a seaman on board a man-of-war, and was present at the Battle of Cape St Vincent (1797).

After his term of service Carrington settled at Maidstone, Kent, where for five years he taught a public school. In 1809, with support from friends, he established a private academy at Plymouth Dock, which he then ran until six months before his death, 2 September 1830.

## Works

At an early period of his life Carrington, who was a member of The Plymouth Institution (now The Plymouth Athenaeum), began to contribute verse to London and provincial papers. His poems are mainly descriptive of the scenery and traditions of Devon. In 1820 he published *The Banks of the Tamar*, and in 1826 *Dartmoor*. His collected poems, with a memoir, appeared in two volumes in 1831.

## Family

The journalist Frederick George Carrington was his third son.

**Attribution**

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1887). "Carrington, Noel Thomas". *Dictionary of National Biography*. Vol. 9. London: Smith, Elder & Co.


title: 1919 Indianapolis 500

abstract: The 7th Liberty 500-Mile Sweepstakes was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Saturday, May 31, 1919. After a two-year hiatus due to World War I, the Indianapolis 500 returned to competition in 1919. Howdy Wilcox won, accompanied by riding mechanic Leo Banks. More than half the field consisted of rookie drivers, tied for the most ever, excluding the inaugural race where all 40 cars were considered "rookies." Ralph DePalma, the 1915 winner, and the driver who suffered a defeat in 1912, again put in a strong performance. DePalma led 93 of the first 102 laps, and drove the first half at record-breaking speed. Tire problems, however, necessitated a long pit stop, and DePalma finished in 6th place. Rain was a factor during practice, limiting available track time in the days immediately leading up to time trials. Since most teams did not arrive until later in the month, some cars had very limited preparation time. Qualifying was supposed to be held on just one day, but officials decided to add two additional days due to the lost track time. The first half of the race was marred by three fatalities. Driver Arthur Thurman died in a crash on lap 45. On lap 96, Louis LeCocq and his riding mechanic Robert Bandini wrecked in turn two, and both were burned to death.

text:
# 1919 Indianapolis 500

The **7th Liberty 500-Mile Sweepstakes** was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Saturday, May 31, 1919.

After a two-year hiatus due to World War I, the Indianapolis 500 returned to competition in 1919. Howdy Wilcox won, accompanied by riding mechanic Leo Banks. More than half the field (19 of 33 cars) consisted of rookie drivers, tied for the most ever, excluding the inaugural race where all 40 cars were considered "rookies." Ralph DePalma, the 1915 winner, and the driver who suffered a defeat in 1912, again put in a strong performance. DePalma led 93 of the first 102 laps, and drove the first half at record-breaking speed. Tire problems, however, necessitated a long pit stop, and DePalma finished in 6th place.

Rain was a factor during practice, limiting available track time in the days immediately leading up to time trials. Since most teams did not arrive until later in the month, some cars had very limited preparation time. Qualifying was supposed to be held on just one day, but officials decided to add two additional days due to the lost track time.

The first half of the race was marred by three fatalities. Driver Arthur Thurman died in a crash on lap 45. On lap 96, Louis LeCocq and his riding mechanic Robert Bandini wrecked in turn two, and both were burned to death.

## Race background

Over two years had gone by since the last competitive events had been held at the Speedway. The 1916 race was followed by the Harvest Auto Racing Classic, at which point the track was closed due to the escalation of World War I. When the Armistice was signed in November 1918, the Speedway management was anxious to begin planning for the resumption of the 500-mile race for 1919. Some early rumors circulated that the race may change dates to July 4, or even expand to 1,000 miles. These rumors were briefly entertained when the AAA Contest Board announced that both May 30 and July 4 were being set aside on the calendar for the event.

On December 6, 1918, Speedway business manager T.E. "Pop" Myers announced that the 1919 Indianapolis 500 would be scheduled for Friday, May 30. It was decided to keep the traditional date, and likewise return the race to a distance of 500 miles. The 1916 race had been scheduled for 300 miles (a decision that management later mostly regretted), the only such time which the race was scheduled for less than 500 miles. AAA would return as the sanctioning body. An editorial the following day in the *Indianapolis News*, however, sharply criticized the choice of Memorial Day. It was going to be the first "Decoration Day" holiday following the end of the "Great War", and they believed that the holiday should be left alone to properly honor the many thousands of war casualties. About a week later, Speedway management announced that they would change the date to Saturday May 31. The race was deliberately moved off Memorial Day (Friday May 30) and pushed to Saturday so as not to detract from the holiday.

The race was given a new name for 1919, the **Liberty Sweepstakes** as a gesture to the peacetime brought on by victory and the end of the war. The new title was used for only one year. Without hesitation, Cliff Durant submitted the first entry on December 16.

## Race schedule

| Race schedule – May 1919  Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat  1
Practice  2
Practice  3
Practice   4
Practice  5
Practice  6
Practice  7
Practice  8
Practice  9
Practice  10
Practice   11
Practice  12
Practice  13
Practice  14
Practice  15
Practice  16
Practice  17
Practice   18
Practice  19
Practice  20
Practice  21
Practice  22
Practice  23
Practice  24
Practice   25
Practice  26
Practice  27
Time Trials  28
Time Trials  29
Time Trials  30
Memorial Day  31
Indy 500 | Color Notes  Green Track Available for Practice  Dark Blue Time trials  Silver Race day  Red Rained out*  Blank No track activity   * Includes days where track activity
was significantly limited due to rain |
| --- | --- |

## Practice

The deadline for entries to be submitted was midnight on Thursday May 1. A total of 43 cars were entered, including three entries by the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. The AAA Contest Board confirmed that the maximum starting field rule of 33 cars would apply.

* **Friday May 9**: As the first full week of track availability was coming to an end, still only two non-local teams had arrived at the Speedway. The Ballot team out of France, and the Sunbeam team out of England. Poised to be spirited rivals, both were at the track with their full complement of drivers. The only Americans at the track thus far were Howdy Wilcox, and Elmer T. Shannon.
* **Saturday May 10**: Visiting the Speedway was Barney Oldfield, in town for his tire company. Oldfield was planning to return later in the month to start his preparations.
* **Sunday May 11**: No track activity on Sunday. The prevailing topics of discussion for the week focused on the number of foreign entries and foreign drivers vying for the field.
* **Monday May 12**: Greek driver George Buzane was mentioned as a possible driver for one of the I.M.S. Premier entries. Louis Wagner and Eddie Pullen were among drivers mentioned as possible qualifiers.
* **Tuesday May 13**: Dario Resta took practice laps for the first time during the month. Carl G. Fisher and James A. Allison were among those watching in attendance. J. J. McCoy arrived at the track, and was expected to start taking laps as soon as his McCoy Special was unpacked. With the prestigious French Grand Prix still not yet revived after the war, Indianapolis was being ranked as the biggest motor race of the year.
* **Wednesday May 14**: Predictions were being made of record speeds during the race.
* **Thursday May 15**: Dario Resta was practicing his Ballot entry, but nearly crashed. The shock absorbers were not affixed properly, and when the car hit a bump in turn one, it became airborne. The car jumped a foot off the ground, but Resta was able to slow the car down and keep it from crashing over the embankment. Resta and his crew made repairs, and he was soon back out on the track running several hot laps. Art Klein, Arthur Thurman, and J. M. Reynolds arrived at the Speedway. The expectations were that practice would begin to pick up by Saturday and Sunday.
* **Friday May 16**: Of discussion was the budding rivalry between the American and European entries. The 7th 500 would be the "rubber match" between the two factions, each of whom had won the race three times apiece.
* **Saturday May 17**: Rene Thomas was clocked with a lap of 1 minute and 32 seconds, for an average speed of 97 mph. Louis Disbrow took the Detroit Special for a few laps around the track.
* **Sunday May 18**: More drivers arrived from Europe, including André Boillot, Paul Bablot, and Louis Wagner. Also arriving in town was Ralph DePalma. The track was open for practice, but closed to the public on Sunday. About four or five cars took to the track including Dario Resta and Jean Chassagne in the Sunbeam cars. Resta took some hot laps, while Chassagne took his time. Rene Thomas in the Ballot was observed opening up the throttle down the backstretch, but "loafing" in the turns. George Buzane took some hot laps in one of the I.M.S. Premiers late Sunday afternoon, leading some to think he may attempt to qualify.
* **Monday May 19**: Howdy Wilcox was officially named to an I.M.S. entry as a teammate to Jules Goux. The *Indianapolis Star* published a photograph, purported to be the first-ever picture of the track taken from an airplane. Several drivers, including Tommy Milton, were at Uniontown Speedway for another race, and were expected to arrive at Indianapolis soon.
* **Tuesday May 20**: The Sunbeam cars for Jean Chassagne and Dario Resta were ruled ineligible after it was discovered their engines were oversized. Chief engineer Louis Coatalen discovered the infraction, and informed speedway officials that the team was withdrawing from the event. Tom Alley and A. E. Cotey arrived at the Speedway on Tuesday.
* **Wednesday May 21**: Many drivers and teams were arriving at the Speedway, but rain and foggy weather was limiting available track time. Charles Kirkpatrick was named to the Detroit Special.
* **Thursday May 22**: Rain kept cars off the track. After losing his ride with the withdrawn Sunbeam team, Dario Resta joined the Ballot team, possibly to serve as a relief driver on race day.

* **Friday May 23**: Jesse G. Vincent was named the driver of the pace car. Two entries were scratched, the Jay-Bee Special for P.W. Monaghan, and the Hudson for C.W. Johnson.
* **Saturday May 24**: The fastest practice lap was made by Ralph DePalma at 98 mph. After many days of rainy weather, sunny conditions saw heavy track activity, including many drivers taking their first laps of the month.
* **Sunday May 25**: George Buzane crashed and flipped over in the south turns. Buzane and his riding mechanic Carl Weinbrecht were not seriously injured. The track was closed to the public on Sunday.
* **Monday May 26**: Denny Hickey blew a tire coming out of turn 2, spun the car around three times, and backed into the inside wall on the backstretch. The car suffered only minor damage. During the afternoon, Howdy Wilcox and Jules Goux took to the track together for many laps over the 90 mph range. Ira Hall was also out on the track. Monday was the final full day of practice available before elimination trials began.

## Time trials

Time trials were scheduled for three days, May 27–29. Elimination trials consisted of one timed lap. This would be the final time single-lap qualifying runs were used at Indianapolis. In 1920, four-lap time trial runs would be introduced. For the first time, qualifiers would line up in the grid by speed based on the day they qualified. All cars that qualified on the first day would line up by speed rank first, with the fastest qualifier starting on the pole position. The remaining cars that qualified on subsequent days would line up by speed rank behind the first day qualifiers. The cars from the second and third days, however, were merged on the grid. This format was adopted in order to encourage more drivers to qualify early on, instead of waiting until the last minute.

Originally it was planned for all elimination trials to be held on Tuesday, but due to inclement weather, the schedule was expanded to allow Wednesday and Thursday as well. The minimum speed to qualify was set at 80 mph, and the field was set at a maximum of 33 cars. Based on the entries prepared at the track, the expectation was that about six cars would fail to qualify.

In an effort to foil the "bootleg" programs that were being printed and sold in and around the Speedway, car numbers were not assigned until race morning.

### Tuesday May 27

The first day of time trials was held Tuesday May 27 starting at 10:00 a.m. Ralph DePalma (98.2 mph) was the first car in the field. Former winner René Thomas shattered the track record with a lap of 104.7 mph to secure the pole position. Thomas went out late in the afternoon, deciding to wait out windy conditions. A total of eleven cars completed runs, all over 90 mph. Howdy Wilcox went out after Thomas, and qualified second with a speed of 100.0 mph.

| Pos | Name | Average Speed
(mph) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | René Thomas  **W** | **104.7** |
| 2 | Howdy Wilcox | **100.0** |
| 3 | Albert Guyot | **98.3** |
| 4 | Ralph DePalma  **W** | **98.2** |
| 5 | Eddie O'Donnell | **97.3** |
| 6 | Paul Bablot  **R** | **94.9** |
| 7 | Art Klein | **94.9** |
| 8 | Eddie Hearne | **94.5** |
| 9 | Earl Cooper | **94.2** |
| 10 | Ira Vail  **R** | **94.1** |
| 11 | Charles Kirkpatrick  **R** | **90.0** |

* Note: Car numbers not assigned until race morning.

Sources: *The Indianapolis Star*, *The Indianapolis News*

### Wednesday May 28

The second day of time trials was held Wednesday May 28. The qualifiers on the second and third day would line up behind the qualifiers from the first day. Louis Chevrolet drove a Frontenac at a speed of 103.1 mph to be the fastest car of the day. Tommy Milton was on his way to qualifying over 101 mph, but his car slowed, and he managed a lap of only 89.9 mph.

During a practice run, Omar Toft spun in the south turns, but avoided contact and was able to continue around. Two cars, Al Cotey and Dave Lewis, made an attempt but failed to qualify. Cotey was too slow (below the 80 mph minimum) and Lewis suffered engine failure. Both drivers were eligible to try again on Thursday.

A total of 13 cars completed qualifying runs Wednesday, filling the field to 24 cars. The final starting positions, however, for those 13 cars would not be finalized until qualifying was completed on Thursday.

| Pos | Name | Average Speed
(mph) | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 12 | Louis Chevrolet | **103.1** |  |
| 13 | Louis Wagner  **R** | **101.7** |  |
| 14 | Joe Boyer  **R** | **100.9** |  |
| 15 | Ralph Mulford | **100.5** |  |
| 16 | Gaston Chevrolet  **R** | **100.4** |  |
| 18 | Arthur Thurman  **R** | **98.0** |  |
| 20 | Cliff Durant  **R** | **96.5** |  |
| 23 | Wilbur D'Alene | **94.2** |  |
| 25 | Louis LeCocq  **R** | **92.9** |  |
| 27 | Denny Hickey  **R** | **92.5** |  |
| 29 | Elmer T. Shannon  **R** | **91.7** |  |
| 31 | Tommy Milton  **R** | **89.9** |  |
| 32 | André Boillot  **R** | **89.5** |  |
|  | Al Cotey  **R** | 74.6 | Below 80 mph minimum |
|  | Dave Lewis | Incomplete | Engine failure |

* Note: Car numbers not assigned until race morning.

Sources: *The Indianapolis Star*, *The Indianapolis News*

### Thursday May 29

The third and final day of time trials was held Thursday May 29. The day opened with nine spots available in the field.

The 1913 winner Jules Goux was the final car to qualify. During a practice run on Thursday, he suffered a broken piston and broken connecting rod, which blew a hole in the Peugeot's engine block. The Premier team offered him a spare engine, and Goux spent the entire day working to install it. Late in the day, just minutes before sundown, Goux took the car to the track. After one single warm-up lap, he signaled to officials to start the run. His lap of 95 mph bumped James Reynolds, and Goux surprisingly made the field. Not as lucky was Dave Lewis. A day after suffering engine problems, Evans was on his qualifying lap, running over 100 mph. Two-thirds of the way through the lap, the bearings in the engine burned out, and broke the crankcase.

During an exhibition run, Ralph DePalma attempted to set track records in a 950-c.i.d. car, the same car he set records in at Daytona. He failed to break René Thomas's one-lap record from Tuesday, but he did set 5-mile and 10-mile distance speed records.

| Pos | Name | Average Speed
(mph) | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17 | W. W. Brown  **R** | 99.8 |  |
| 19 | Roscoe Sarles  **R** | 97.75 |  |
| 21 | Ray Howard  **R** | 95.0 |  |
| 22 | Jules Goux  **W** | 95.0 |  |
| 24 | Kurt Hitke  **R** | 93.5 |  |
| 26 | Ora Haibe | 92.8 |  |
| 28 | Tom Alley | 92.2 |  |
| 30 | Omar Toft  **R** | 91.5 |  |
| 33 | J. J. McCoy  **R** | 86.5 |  |
|  | James M. Reynolds  **R** | 83.5 | Bumped by Goux |
|  | Al Cotey  **R** | 82.9 | Too slow |
|  | Dave Lewis | Incomplete | Connecting rod |

* Note: Car numbers not assigned until race morning.

Sources: *The Indianapolis Star*, *The Indianapolis News*

## Starting grid

| Row | Inside | Inside Center | Outside Center | Outside |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | René Thomas  **W** | Howdy Wilcox | Albert Guyot | Ralph DePalma  **W** |
| 2 | Eddie O'Donnell | Paul Bablot  **R** | Art Klein | Eddie Hearne |
| 3 | Earl Cooper | Ira Vail  **R** | Charles Kirkpatrick  **R** | Louis Chevrolet |
| 4 | Louis Wagner  **R** | Joe Boyer  **R** | Ralph Mulford | Gaston Chevrolet  **R** |
| 5 | W. W. Brown  **R** | Arthur Thurman  **R** | Roscoe Sarles  **R** | Cliff Durant  **R** |
| 6 | Ray Howard  **R** | Jules Goux  **W** | Wilbur D'Alene | Kurt Hitke  **R** |
| 7 | Louis LeCocq  **R** | Ora Haibe | Denny Hickey  **R** | Tom Alley |
| 8 | Elmer T. Shannon  **R** | Omar Toft  **R** | Tommy Milton  **R** | André Boillot  **R** |
| 9 | J. J. McCoy  **R** |  |  |  |

### Alternates

* First alternate: James M. Reynolds

### Failed to qualify

## Race recap

The start of the race was scheduled for Saturday May 31 at 11:00 a.m. local time. The facility was closed to the public on Friday, but participants were allowed a brief period of practice time on Friday morning for last-minute preparations. The rest of the day was spent prepping the track by scrubbing the brick surface of oil and debris.

Maurice Becker, the riding mechanic for Howdy Wilcox during the month, was disallowed by his family from participating in the race. He was replaced for the race by Leo Banks just hours before the start.

A crowd estimated at 120,000 arrived at the Speedway on a hot and sunny Saturday morning. At 8 a.m., the Purdue Band entertained fans. Pace car driver Jesse G. Vincent, with passenger Eddie Rickenbacker, took the field around for one unscored warm-up lap. At a speed of about 80 mph, the field was released for the start. André Boillot's car initially failed to pull away, but eventually got started, and sprinted to catch up to the rest of the field.

### First half

The first half of the race belonged to 1915 winner Ralph DePalma. Depalma led the first 65 laps, and raced at a record pace. With an average speed of over 92 mph, DePalma was shattering existing track records. Though the pace was incredible, his lead was not large. His closest contenders stayed within reach. Louis Chevrolet took the lead for lap 66–74, before giving it back to DePalma. Also in the top five were Earl Cooper, Howdy Wilcox, and René Thomas.

Two fatal accidents, taking the lives of three competitors, marred the first half of the race. On lap 45, Arthur Thurman lost control at about 90 mph, swerved to the inside wall on the backstretch, then flipped over three times. Thurman was thrown from the car, and landed about twenty-five feet away. He died about ten minutes later as he was being taken to the hospital. His riding mechanic Nicholas Molinaro suffered a fractured skull, but survived.

On the 96th lap, Louis LeCocq and his riding mechanic Robert Bandini lost control and turned over in the exit of turn two. The fuel tank ruptured and burst into flames. Both LeCocq and Bandini were pinned underneath the car, doused with gasoline, and burned to death at the scene. With other cars whizzing by, flaming gasoline was spread in all directions, as crews attempted to extinguish the flames.

### Second half

After dominating most of the first half, Ralph DePalma gave up the lead on lap 103 to make a pit stop. DePalma was experiencing tire trouble, and was forced to make long stop to make repairs. DePalma lost about ten laps in the pits, and fell out of contention.

Howdy Wilcox took the lead on lap 103, and led the rest of the way. After major crashes and high attrition in the first half, the second half of the race settled down into a steady pace. Only three cars dropped out in the second half, leaving 14 cars running to complete 500 miles. Wilcox made a pit stop for tires and fuel at some point after the 400 mile mark. He came out of the pits with a two-lap lead over Eddie Hearne, and cruised the rest of the way.

Late in the race, Louis Chevrolet reportedly came into the pits on three wheels. He made repairs, and finished in 7th place. After losing much time in the pits, Ralph DePalma worked his way back up to finish 6th. DePalma nipped Chevrolet at the scoring line by a fraction of a second in the battle for 6th-7th. DePalma led 93 laps, bringing his career total so far to 425 laps led \- by far the most of any driver during that era. (DePalma would lead 613 laps in his career).

## Box score

| Finish | Start | No | Name | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | Qual | Rank | Laps | Status |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | Howdy Wilcox | Indianapolis Motor Speedway | Peugeot | Peugeot | 100.010 | 7 | 200 | Running |
| 2 | 8 | 14 | Eddie Hearne | R. Cliff Durant | Stutz | Stutz | 94.500 | 19 | 200 | Running |
| 3 | 22 | 6 | Jules Goux  **W** | Indianapolis Motor Speedway | Peugeot | Premier | 95.000 | 15 | 200 | Running |
| 4 | 3 | 32 | Albert Guyot | Ernest Ballot | Ballot | Ballot | 98.300 | 9 | 200 | Running |
| 5 | 28 | 26 | Tom Alley | Ahlberg Bearing Company | Bender | Bender | 92.200 | 27 | 200 | Running |
| 6 | 4 | 4 | Ralph DePalma  **W** | Packard Motor Car Company | Packard | Packard | 98.200 | 10 | 200 | Running |
| 7 | 12 | 7 | Louis Chevrolet | Frontenac Motors | Frontenac | Frontenac | 103.100 | 2 | 200 | Running |
| 8 | 10 | 27 | Ira Vail  **R** | Hudson Motor Car Company | Hudson | Hudson | 94.100 | 22 | 200 | Running |
| 9 | 27 | 21 | Denny Hickey  **R** | A. C. Stickle | Hoskins | Hudson | 92.500 | 26 | 200 | Running |
| 10 | 16 | 41 | Gaston Chevrolet  **R** | Frontenac Motors | Frontenac | Frontenac | 100.400 | 6 | 200 | Running |
| 11 | 1 | 31 | René Thomas  **W** | Ernest Ballot | Ballot | Ballot | 104.700 | 1 | 200 | Running |
| 12 | 9 | 8 | Earl Cooper
(Reeves Dutton) | Earl Cooper | Stutz | Stutz | 94.250 | 20 | 200 | Running |
| 13 | 29 | 23 | Elmer T. Shannon  **R**
(Ken Rawlings) | Elmer T. Shannon | Shannon | Duesenberg | 91.700 | 28 | 200 | Running |
| 14 | 26 | 17 | Ora Haibe | Hudson Motor Car Company | Hudson | Hudson | 92.800 | 25 | 200 | Running |
| 15 | 32 | 37 | André Boillot  **R** | Jules Goux | Peugeot | Peugeot | 89.500 | 32 | 195 | Crash BS |
| 16 | 21 | 48 | Ray Howard  **R** | A. G. Kaufman | Peugeot | Peugeot | 95.000 | 16 | 130 | Oil pressure |
| 17 | 23 | 22 | Wilbur D'Alene | Duesenberg Brothers | Duesenberg | Duesenberg | 94.200 | 21 | 120 | Axle |
| 18 | 25 | 15 | Louis LeCocq  **R** | Roscoe Sarles | Duesenberg | Duesenberg | 92.900 | 24 | 96 | Died in crash at T2 |
| 19 | 7 | 29 | Art Klein | Arthur H. Klein | Peugeot | Peugeot | 94.900 | 18 | 70 | Oil line |
| 20 | 11 | 19 | Charles Kirkpatrick  **R** | Frank P. Book | Mercedes | Mercedes | 90.000 | 30 | 69 | Rod |
| 21 | 6 | 33 | Paul Bablot  **R**
(Jean Chassagne) | Ernest Ballot | Ballot | Ballot | 94.900 | 17 | 63 | Crash |
| 22 | 5 | 10 | Eddie O'Donnell | Duesenberg Brothers | Duesenberg | Duesenberg | 97.300 | 13 | 60 | Piston |
| 23 | 24 | 12 | Kurt Hitke  **R** | Roscoe Sarles | Duesenberg | Duesenberg | 93.500 | 23 | 56 | Rod bearing |
| 24 | 20 | 1 | Cliff Durant  **R** | R. Cliff Durant | Stutz | Stutz | 96.500 | 14 | 54 | Steering |
| 25 | 31 | 9 | Tommy Milton  **R** | Duesenberg Brothers | Duesenberg | Duesenberg | 89.900 | 31 | 50 | Rod |
| 26 | 13 | 34 | Louis Wagner  **R** | Ernest Ballot | Ballot | Ballot | 101.700 | 3 | 44 | Broken wheel |
| 27 | 18 | 18 | Arthur Thurman  **R** | Arthur Thurman | Duesenberg | Duesenberg | 98.000 | 11 | 44 | Died in crash at T3 |
| 28 | 30 | 43 | Omar Toft  **R** | Omar Toft | Miller | Miller | 91.500 | 29 | 44 | Rod |
| 29 | 15 | 2 | Ralph Mulford | Ralph Mulford | Frontenac | Frontenac | 100.500 | 5 | 37 | Driveshaft |
| 30 | 33 | 36 | J. J. McCoy  **R** | J. J. McCoy | McCoy | *unknown* | 86.500 | 33 | 36 | Oil line |
| 31 | 14 | 39 | Joe Boyer  **R** | Frontenac Motors | Frontenac | Frontenac | 100.900 | 4 | 30 | Rear axle |
| 32 | 17 | 5 | W. W. Brown  **R** | C. L. Richards | Brown | Hudson-Brett | 99.800 | 8 | 14 | Rod |
| 33 | 19 | 28 | Roscoe Sarles  **R** | Barney Oldfield | Miller | Miller | 97.700 | 12 | 8 | Rocker arm |
|  | | | | | | | | | | |

**Note**: Relief drivers in parentheses

**W**  Former Indianapolis 500 winner

**R**  Indianapolis 500 Rookie

### Race statistics

## Race details

### See also

### Works cited

### References

## InfoBox

7th Indianapolis 500
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Indianapolis Motor Speedway | |
| Indianapolis 500 | |
| Sanctioning body | AAA |
| Date | May 31, 1919 |
| Winner | Howdy Wilcox |
| Winning Entrant | I.M.S. Corp. |
| Average speed | 88.050 mph (141.703 km/h) |
| Pole position | René Thomas |
| Pole speed | 104.780 mph (168.627 km/h) |
| Most laps led | Howdy Wilcox (98) |
| Pre-race | |
| Pace car | Packard V12 (Twin Six) |
| Pace car driver | Jesse G. Vincent |
| Starter | E. C. Patterson |
| Honorary referee | Eddie Rickenbacker |
| Estimated attendance | 120,000 |
| Chronology | |
| Previous Next  1916 1920 | |


title: Ljutice (Požega)

abstract: Ljutice is a village in the municipality of Požega, western Serbia. According to the 2022 census, the village has a population of 274 people.

text:
# Ljutice (Požega)

**Ljutice** is a village in the municipality of Požega, western Serbia. According to the 2022 census, the village has a population of 274 people.

44°01′N 20°01′E / 44.017°N 20.017°E / 44.017; 20.017

## InfoBox

| Ljutice Љутице | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Ljutice | |
| Coordinates: 44°00′50″N 20°02′27″E / 44.01377222°N 20.04073889°E / 44.01377222; 20.04073889 | |
| Country | Serbia |
| District | Zlatibor District |
| Municipality | Požega |
| Area | |
| Total | 17.8 km2 (6.9 sq mi) |
| Population (2022) | |
| Total | 274 |
| Density | 15/km2 (40/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: X-linked thrombocytopenia

abstract: X-linked thrombocytopenia, also referred to as XLT or thrombocytopenia 1, is an inherited clotting disorder that primarily affects males. It is a WAS-related disorder, meaning it is caused by a mutation in the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS) gene, which is located on the short arm of the X chromosome. WAS-related disorders include Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome, XLT, and X-linked congenital neutropenia (XLN). Of the WAS-related disorders, X-linked thrombocytopenia is considered to be the milder phenotype. Between 1 and 10 per million males worldwide are affected with this disorder. Females may be affected with this disorder but this is very rare since females have two X chromosomes and are therefore typically carriers of the mutation.

text:
# X-linked thrombocytopenia

**X-linked thrombocytopenia**, also referred to as **XLT** or **thrombocytopenia 1**, is an inherited clotting disorder that primarily affects males. It is a *WAS*-related disorder, meaning it is caused by a mutation in the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (*WAS*) gene, which is located on the short arm of the X chromosome. *WAS*-related disorders include Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome, XLT, and X-linked congenital neutropenia (XLN). Of the *WAS*-related disorders, X-linked thrombocytopenia is considered to be the milder phenotype. Between 1 and 10 per million males worldwide are affected with this disorder. Females may be affected with this disorder but this is very rare since females have two X chromosomes and are therefore typically carriers of the mutation.

## Symptoms and signs

X-linked thrombocytopenia is typically diagnosed in infancy. The disease presents as a bleeding disorder with easy bruising, mucosal bleeding, such as nosebleeds, and mild to severe anemia. Anemia is a condition in which there is an insufficient number of red blood cells to carry adequate levels of oxygen to the body's tissues. X-linked thrombocytopenia is considered to be the milder phenotype of the *WAS*-related disorders. As age increases, the severity of symptoms tends to decrease. However, individuals with X-linked thrombocytopenia have an increased risk for life-threatening brain hemorrhages and spontaneous bleeding.

## Causes

X-linked thrombocytopenia is inherited on the X chromosome. Females that are carriers will have a 50% chance of passing the *WAS* gene mutation on to their male offspring. Female offspring also have a 50% chance of receiving the mutated gene from their mothers and are considered carriers in that event. Males with X-linked thrombocytopenia will not pass the condition to their sons since they pass their Y chromosome on to any male offspring. However, any daughters males with this condition have will be carriers.

## Mechanism

X-linked thrombocytopenia primarily affects the circulatory system, specifically the platelets in the blood. Platelets are cell fragments in the blood that aid in clotting. Platelets are produced in the bone marrow. Normal platelet counts range from 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per μL of blood. Individuals with XLT usually have drastically reduced platelet counts, typically less than 70,000 platelets per μL of blood. Not only are there fewer platelets circulating, but individuals with XLT also have smaller platelets. Fewer and smaller platelets causes the efficacy of the clotting mechanism in the body to be seriously compromised, which can lead to bruising and bleeding. X-linked thrombocytopenia is caused by a mutation of the *WAS* gene. This mutation causes the decreased, absent, or altered Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp). Normal WASp is involved in relaying signals from the cell membrane to the actin cytoskeleton. If WASp is decreased, absent, or altered, then the hematopoietic cells it is found in will show signaling and cytoskeleton abnormalities.

This form of thrombocytopenia is inherited on X chromosome, thus individuals with this disorder are typically males. In regards to the sex chromosomes, males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome while females have two X chromosomes. Because males only have one X chromosome, if they receive an X chromosome with a *WAS* gene mutation from their mother, then they will show phenotype of the condition. Females can be carriers for this disorder, which means that they have one normal X chromosome and one X chromosome with the *WAS* gene mutation. Females that are carriers do not show any signs or symptoms of X-linked thrombocytopenia.

Males with X-linked thrombocytopenia are also susceptible to severe infections, bleeding, autoimmune diseases and malignancies.

## Diagnosis

Aside from observing the symptoms characteristic of X-linked thrombocytopenia in infancy (easy bruising, mild anemia, mucosal bleeding), molecular genetic testing would be done to confirm the diagnosis. Furthermore, flow cytometry or western blotting would be used to test for decreased or absent amounts of WASp. Family history would also assist in diagnosis, with specific attention to maternally related males with *WAS*-related disorders. Because *WAS*-related disorders are phenotypically similar, it is important to confirm the absence of the diagnostic criteria for Wiskoff-Aldrich syndrome at the outset. These diagnostic criteria include eczema, lymphoma, autoimmune disorder, recurrent bacterial or viral infections, family history of maternally related males with a *WAS*-related disorder, and absent or decreased *WASp*. X-linked congenital neutropenia can be diagnostically distinguished from XLT with persistent neutropenia, arrested development of the bone marrow, and normal *WASp* expression.

## Treatment

Treatment for individuals with X-linked thrombocytopenia is typically focused on managing symptoms of the disorder. Splenectomy has been shown to improve platelet counts but also significantly increases the risk of life-threatening infections for patients with XLT. Therefore, these individuals must take antibiotics for the rest of their life to avoid fatal bacteremia. In the event of significant bleeding, platelet transfusions should be administered. Circumcision should be avoided for infant males with XLT due to the risk of bleeding and infection. Regular follow ups to track blood counts should be utilized as well as confirming that any medications, over the counter or prescription, will not interfere with platelet functioning.

## Prognosis

Recent studies have found that the life expectancy of males with XLT is not significantly affected. Individuals with XLT typically experience milder symptoms than those with other *WAS*-related disorders. For this reason, the long term prognosis for individuals with XLT is generally positive as long as symptoms are managed appropriately. Enhanced treatment methods in the past two decades have significantly improved the prognosis as well.

## Recent research

Recent research has suggested that hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be a treatment option for patients with XLT despite associated risks. Other studies have shown that treatment with corticosteroids or intravenous immunoglobulin in any dose or duration may have a beneficial impact on platelet counts, although transiently. Furthermore, research has shown that splenectomy may not be a good treatment option for patients with XLT as it increases the risk of severe infections. This same research showed that patients with XLT have a high overall survival rate but they are at risk for severe life-threatening complications associated with this disorder, such as serious bleeding events and malignancies.

## InfoBox

| X-linked thrombocytopenia | |
| --- | --- |
| Other names | X-linked thrombocytopenia with normal platelets |
|  | |
| This condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive manner | |


title: Valmacca

abstract: Valmacca is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) east of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Alessandria in an area of plain on the right of the Po River at the confluence of the Rotaldo and the Gattola. Valmacca borders the following municipalities: Bozzole, Breme, Frassineto Po, Pomaro Monferrato, Sartirana Lomellina, and Ticineto.

text:
# Valmacca

**Valmacca** is a *comune* (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) east of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Alessandria in an area of plain on the right of the Po River at the confluence of the Rotaldo and the Gattola.

Valmacca borders the following municipalities: Bozzole, Breme, Frassineto Po, Pomaro Monferrato, Sartirana Lomellina, and Ticineto.

## InfoBox

| Valmacca | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di Valmacca | |
| Town hall. | |
| Location of Valmacca | |
| ValmaccaLocation of Valmacca in ItalyValmaccaValmacca (Piedmont) | |
| Coordinates: 45°6′N 8°35′E / 45.100°N 8.583°E / 45.100; 8.583 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Piedmont |
| Province | Alessandria (AL) |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Gianni Boselli |
| Area | |
| Total | 12.6 km2 (4.9 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 97 m (318 ft) |
| Population (31 December 2013) | |
| Total | 1,040 |
| Density | 83/km2 (210/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Valmacchesi |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 15040 |
| Dialing code | 0142 |
| Website | Official website |


title: Nox Aeris

abstract: Nox Aeris is the second major label studio album and fifth overall by rock band Janus. The album was released on March 27, 2012. The song "Stains" peaked at No.26 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Chart. The album title is Latin for "night air" and stems from the Black Death-era belief that going outdoors at night made people susceptible to the disease. Two slightly different album covers were released, depicting a person with a plague mask.

text:
# Nox Aeris

***Nox Aeris*** is the second major label studio album and fifth overall by rock band Janus. The album was released on March 27, 2012. The song "Stains" peaked at No.26 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Chart.

The album title is Latin for "night air" and stems from the Black Death-era belief that going outdoors at night made people susceptible to the disease. Two slightly different album covers were released, depicting a person with a plague mask.

## Track listing

1. In Flames - 3:17
2. Stains - 3:36
3. Lifeless - 3:36
4. Promise To No One - 3:37
5. Pound Of Flesh - 3:08
6. Waive - 3:36
7. Stray - 4:24
8. Numb - 3:28
9. Always Rains - 5:02
10. Polarized - 3:06

**Deluxe edition tracks**

11. Numb (Acoustic) - 3:38 12. Stains (Acoustic) - 3:43

## Charts

| Year | Chart | Position |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2012 | *Billboard* Top Heatseekers | 24 |
| | *Billboard* Rock Albums | 33 |

## InfoBox

| Nox Aeris | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Janus | |
| Released | March 27, 2012 |
| Genre | Alternative metal, nu metal |
| Length | 44:11 |
| Label | REALID Records |
| Janus chronology | |
| *Red Right Return*
(2008) ***Nox Aeris***
(2012) | |
|  | |
| Alternative cover | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: My Aunt from Honfleur (1931 film)

abstract: My Aunt from Honfleur is a 1931 French comedy film directed by André Gillois and starring Florelle, Jim Gérald and Jeanne Cheirel. It is based on the 1914 play My Aunt from Honfleur by Paul Gavault. Produced in 1931 it was not given a full release until March the following year.

text:
# My Aunt from Honfleur (1931 film)

***My Aunt from Honfleur*** (French: ***Ma tante d'Honfleur***) is a 1931 French comedy film directed by André Gillois and starring Florelle, Jim Gérald and Jeanne Cheirel. It is based on the 1914 play *My Aunt from Honfleur* by Paul Gavault. Produced in 1931 it was not given a full release until March the following year.

## Cast

1. Goble p.849

## Bibliography

* Goble, Alan. *The Complete Index to Literary Sources in Film*. Walter de Gruyter, 1999.

## InfoBox

| My Aunt from Honfleur | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | André Gillois |
| Written by | Henri Diamant-Berger |
| Based on | *My Aunt from Honfleur* by Paul Gavault |
| Produced by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Maurice Desfassiaux |
| Music by | Jean Lenoir |
| Production<br>companies | * Les Films Diamant * Les Films Era |
| Distributed by | Compagnie Universelle Cinématographique |
| Release date | * 11 March 1932 (1932-03-11) |
| Running time | 85 minutes |
| Country | France |
| Language | French |


title: Nicolas Coustou

abstract: Nicolas Coustou was a French sculptor and academic.

text:
# Nicolas Coustou

**Nicolas Coustou** (French pronunciation: \[nikɔla kustu\]; 9 January 1658  1 May 1733) was a French sculptor and academic.

## Biography

Born in Lyon, Coustou was the son of a woodcarver, François Coustou, who gave him his first instruction in art, and Claudine Coysevox. When he was eighteen years old, in 1676, he moved to Paris, to study under C. Antoine Coysevox, his maternal uncle, who presided over the recently established Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture. At the age of twenty-three, Coustou won the Colbert prize (the Prix de Rome), which entitled him to four years of education at the French Academy at Rome. He subsequently became rector and chancellor of the Academy of Painting and Sculpture. From 1700, he worked with Coysevox at the palaces of Marly and Versailles.

He was remarkable for his facility. Influenced by Michelangelo and Algardi, he tried to combine the best characteristics of each.

A number of his works were destroyed during the French Revolution; the most famous of those that remain are "La Seine at la Marne", the "Berger Chasseur", and "Daphne Pursued by Apollo" in the gardens of the Tuileries, the bas-relief "Le Passage du Rhin" in the Louvre, the statues of Julius Caesar and Louis XV in the Louvre, and the "Descent from the Cross" behind the choir altar of the cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris. His sculpture of Apollo pursuing Daphne is one of a pair bearing the single title that was created with his younger brother, who is ascribed as the sculptor of Daphne. Both have been in the Louvre since 1940 and were restored between 2004 and 2006.

Regularly, he worked closely with his brother, Guillaume Coustou, also a renowned sculptor and director of the academy. Because of their collaborations, it is not always possible to ascribe a particular work to one or the other, thus one may find a single sculpture ascribed to each of them. His brother's son, Guillaume Coustou the Younger, also was a sculptor.

Nicolas Coustou died in Paris in 1733 at the age of 75.

## Works in Public Collections

* Beauvais, cathedral: tomb of Cardinal Forbin Janson, marble, after 1715.
* Brest: *Méléagre tuant un sanglier*, 1706.
* Lyon, place Bellecour : *Allégorie de La Saône*, 1720, sharing a pedestal with the *Monument à Louis XIV* by François-Frédéric Lemot.
* Paris, Notre-Dame cathedral: *Descente de croix*, marble group, also known as *Le vœu de Louis XIV*, 1713-1715, in the choir at Notre-Dame. (The figure of Louis XIII is by Nicolas Coustou, that of Louis XIV by Coysevox); *Saint Denis*, marble, 1721/22.
* Paris, jardin des Tuileries: *La Seine et la Marne*, a copy of the original in the Louvre.
* Paris, Musée du Louvre:
    + *La Seine et la Marne*, 1712.
    + *Le Passage du Rhin*, bas-relief.
    + *Jules César*, terracotta, study for a statue in marble at the Palace of Versailles.
    + *Jules César*, marble, in collaboration with François Girardon; commissioned in 1696 as a pendant to the *Annibal* de Soldtz, from the Tuileries gardens.
    + *Louis XV en Jupiter*, statue en marbre, 1731, commissioned by the Duc d’Antin, set up with its pendant, *Marie Leszczynska en Junon* de Guillaume Coustou in the gardens of the Château of Versailles.
    + *Apollon poursuivant Daphné*, marble, from 1713–1714. Paired with *Daphné poursuivie par Apollon* created by Guillaume Coustou the Elder.
    + *Monument funéraire du prince François Louis de Bourbon-Conti*, marble; once in the church of Saint-André-des-Arts in the 6e arrondissement.
    + *Le Dieu de la Santé Montrant à la France le Buste de Louis XIV*, marble, 1693, 90 x 75 cm.
    + *Le gladiateur Borghèse*, terracotta; copy of an ancient marble, 1683.
    + *Chasseur au repos* (also knows as) *Adonis se reposant de la chasse* ou *Le repos du chasseur*, marble group from 1710; commissioned in 1707 by the Bâtiments du roi, along with the *Nymphe de la chasse* and *Nymphe et la colombe.*
* Versailles, park of the château: *Hercule Comode* and Bath of Apollo, 1705 –1706.
* Versailles, Grand Trianon: Decoration of the cornice of the king's bedroom, and *Jean-Baptiste Colbert*, bust in marble, ca. 1715
* Seignelay, église Saint-Martial: *Ange de la Résurrection*, bas-relief in marble.

* This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Coustou s.v.". *Encyclopædia Britannica*. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 336.
* Bresc-Bautier, Geneviève, ed. *Les chasseurs de Marly, et les œuvres de Nicolas Coustou au musée du Louvre*. Collection Solo, 61. Paris: Musée du Louvre, Somogy éditions d'art, 2015.
* Jacques Busse, "Coustou Nicholas." In *Dictionnaire critique et documentaire des printres, sculpteurs, dessinateurs et graveurs*." \["Bénézit"\] Nouvelle édition. Paris: Éditions Gründ, 1999. Volume 4, pages 36–37. (English edition, Paris: 2006, volume 4, pages 93–95.)
* François Souchal. "Coustou" \[family\] (1) Nicholas Coustou. In *Dictionary of Art*. (London: Macmillan, 1996). Volume 8, pages 70–71.

## InfoBox

| Nicolas Coustou | |
| --- | --- |
| Portrait of Nicolas Coustou at work,
by Jean Le Gros (1710) | |
| Born | (1658-01-09)9 January 1658
Lyon |
| Died | 1 May 1733(1733-05-01) (aged 75)
Paris |
| Nationality | French |
| Education | C. A. Coysevox, Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture, Académie de France à Rome |
| Known for | sculpture |
| Notable work | *La Seine at la Marne*, *Berger Chasseur*, *Descent from the Cross*, *Julius Caesar* |
| Movement | Late French Baroque |
| Awards | Prix de Rome |


title: My Aunt from Honfleur (1949 film)

abstract: My Aunt from Honfleur is a 1949 French comedy film directed by René Jayet and starring Suzanne Dehelly, Jean Parédès and Paulette Dubost. It is based on the 1914 play My Aunt from Honfleur by Paul Gavault.

text:
# My Aunt from Honfleur (1949 film)

***My Aunt from Honfleur*** (French: ***Ma tante d'Honfleur***) is a 1949 French comedy film directed by René Jayet and starring Suzanne Dehelly, Jean Parédès and Paulette Dubost. It is based on the 1914 play *My Aunt from Honfleur* by Paul Gavault.

## Cast

1. Goble p.849

## Bibliography

* Goble, Alan. *The Complete Index to Literary Sources in Film*. Walter de Gruyter, 1999.

## InfoBox

| My Aunt from Honfleur | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | René Jayet |
| Written by |  |
| Based on | *My Aunt from Honfleur* by Paul Gavault |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | René Colas |
| Music by | Vincent Scotto |
| Production<br>companies | * Optimax Films * Art et Industrie Cinématographiques |
| Distributed by | Les Films Lutétia |
| Release date | * 14 April 1949 (1949-04-14) |
| Running time | 82 minutes |
| Country | France |
| Language | French |


title: My Australian Story

abstract: My Australian Story is a series of historical novels for older children published by Scholastic Australia which was inspired by Dear America. Each book is written in the form of a fictional diary of a young person living during an important event or time period in Australian history.

text:
# My Australian Story

***My Australian Story*** is a series of historical novels for older children published by Scholastic Australia which was inspired by *Dear America*. Each book is written in the form of a fictional diary of a young person living during an important event or time period in Australian history.

## Series

* *On Board the Boussole: The Diary of Julienne Fulbert, Laperouse's Voyage of Discovery, 1785-1788* by Christine Edwards (2002)
* *Surviving Sydney Cove: The Convict Diary of Elizabeth Harvey, Sydney, 1790* by Goldie Alexander (2000)
* *The Rum Rebellion: The Diary of David Bellamy, Sydney Town, 1807-1808* by Libby Gleeson (2001)
* *A Banner Bold: The Diary of Rosa Aarons, Ballarat Goldfield, 1854* by Nadia Wheatley (2000)
* *Archer's Melbourne Cup: The Diary of Robby Jenkins, Terara, New South Wales, 1860-1861* by Vashti Farrer (2007)
* *New Gold Mountain: The Diary of Shu Cheong, Lambing Flat, New South Wales, 1860-1861* by Christopher W. Cheng (2005)
* *Riding with Thunderbolt: The Diary of Ben Cross Northern NSW, 1865* by Allan Baillie (2004)
* *The Yankee Whaler: The Diary of Thomas Morris, Bunbury, Western Australia, 1876* by Deborah Lisson (2001)
* *Claw of the Dragon: The Diary of Billy Shanghai Hamilton, Broome, Western Australia, 1899-1900* by Patricia Bernard (2008)
* *Plagues and Federation: The Diary of Kitty Barnes, The Rocks Sydney - 1900* by Vashti Farrer (2000)
* *The Melting Pot: The Diary of Edward, Chek Chee, Sydney, 1903-1904* by Christopher W. Cheng (2007)
* *Our Enemy, My Friend: The Diary of Emma Sheldrake, Adelaide Hills, 1915* by Jenny Blackman (2005)
* *A Different Sort of Real: The Diary of Charlotte McKenzie, Melbourne, 1919 - 1919* by Kerry Greenwood (2001), also titled *The Deadly Flu* as printed in 2012, and *Contagion: My Australian Story*, Scholastic Australia, 2020.
* *Fords and Flying Machines: The Diary of Jack McLaren, Longreach, 1919-1921* by Patricia Bernard (2003)
* *Outback: The Diary of Jimmy Porter, Central Australia, 1927-1928* by Christine Harris (2005), ISBN 186504850X
* *Our Don Bradman: The Diary of Victor McDonald, Sydney, 1932* by Peter Allen (2004)
* *Who am I? The Diary of Mary Talence, Sydney, 1937* by Anita Heiss (2001)
* *The Bombing of Darwin: The Diary of Tom Taylor, Darwin, 1942* by Alan Tucker (2002)
* *My Story: Journey to Tangiwai, The Diary of Peter Cotterill, Napier 1953* by David Hill (2003)
* *Atomic Testing: The Diary of Anthony Brown, Woomera, 1953* by Alan Tucker (2009) ISBN 9781741692174
* *A Marathon of Her Own: The Diary of Sophia Krikonis, Melbourne, 1956* by Irini Savvides (2004)
* *Snowy: The Diary of Eva Fischer, Cabramurra, 1958-1959* by Siobhan McHugh (2003)
* *A Tale of Two Families: The Diary of Jan Packard, Melbourne, 1974* by Jenny Pausacker (2000)
* *Cyclone Tracy: The Diary of Ryan Turner, Darwin, 1974* by Alan Tucker (2006)
* *Refugee: The Diary of Ali Ismail, Woomera, 2001-2002* by Alan Sunderland (2006)
* *The Hunt for Ned Kelly* by Sophie Masson (2010)
* *The Phar Lap Mystery* by Sophie Masson (2010)
* *My Father's War* by Sophie Masson (2011)
* *The Melting Pot* by Christopher Cheng (2011)
* *Secrets and Sisterhood* by Jenny Pausacker (2012)
* *The Rum Rebellion* by Libby Gleeson (2012)
* *Snatched by Pirates* by Patricia Barnard (2012)
* *The Deadly Flu* by Kerry Greenwood (2012)
* *Voyage to Botany Bay* by Chrissie Michaels (2012)
* *Sydney Harbour Bridge* by Vashti Farrer (2012)
* *Heroes of Tobruk* by David Mulligan (2012)
* *Escape from Cockatoo Island* by Yvette Poshoglian (2013)
* *Gallipoli* by Alan Tucker (2013)
* *Fremantle Prison Break* by Deborah Lisson (2013)
* *Kokoda* by Alan Tucker (2014)
* *Convict Girl* by Chrissie Michaels (2014)
* *Black Sunday: Australia's Biggest Beach Rescue* by Evan McHugh (2016)


title: Museum of Inuit Art

abstract: The Museum of Inuit Art, also known as MIA, was a museum in Toronto, Ontario, Canada located within the Queen's Quay Terminal at the Harbourfront Centre. It was devoted exclusively to Inuit art and culture.

text:
# Museum of Inuit Art

The **Museum of Inuit Art**, also known as **MIA**, was a museum in Toronto, Ontario, Canada located within the Queen's Quay Terminal at the Harbourfront Centre. It was devoted exclusively to Inuit art and culture.

## Background

With more than 6,000 square feet of exhibition space in the Queen's Quay Terminal, the museum represented the largest permanent display of Inuit art in Canada. Curator Norman Zepp claimed that the museum was the first museum dedicated exclusively to Inuit art, and, as a result, “the viewer gets a concentrated and focused experience.”

Four years in the making prior to its 2007 opening, the museum existed due to the efforts of David Harris— a former teacher in Nunavut and founder of a commercial gallery for Inuit art, as well as a group of dedicated partners. They included Zepp, who was the curator of Inuit art at the Art Gallery of Ontario from 1988 to 1994, Cynthia Waye, the museum's associate curator, and a number of private art collectors.

The museum owned more than 3000 original pieces of art, and were composed of its in-house collection and a number of works on loan from private donors. The primary focus is sculpture— carved from stone, antler, ivory and bone, although prints, drawings and tapestries are also on display. Of these, a majority are from the Contemporary (around 1945 to 1990) and Post-Contemporary (1990s to today) periods, and represented the subjects, forms, media and artists associated with modern Inuit art.

According to Zepp, visitors to the museum will not only saw “some of the best art produced in the Canadian Arctic,” but will also gained “an understanding of the scope and breadth of Inuit art,” through exhibits outlining common thematic elements and regional stylistic diversity. Temporary displays, like the current exhibit of wall hangings made by female artists in Baker Lake, were also a part of the museum.

Though humans have lived in the Arctic for more than 4,000 years, the Inuit trace their ancestry back to the period around AD 1000, when the Thule people migrated across the Canadian territories from northern Alaska. The museum housed a selection of pieces from this ancestral epoch, including carved figures and other objects measuring "around the size of a thimble".

The museum also displayed a selection of items from what is commonly referred to as Inuit art's Historic Period— an era beginning in the 16th century, when European whalers, missionaries and explorers came into contact with the Inuit. Ivory carvings of animals were commonly bartered goods, as were replicas of tools and other Western-style objects.

## Artistic differences

Because a relatively small population was— and remains— dispersed across the vast swath of Arctic tundra, Inuit art took on regional distinctions over time, as hundreds of scattered family groups coalesced into the larger communities that exist today. Some of the museum's most dramatic works came from Cape Dorset (now known as Kinngait), a community on Baffin Island where artists such as Osuitok Ipeelee, Pauta Saila, and Latcholassie Akesuk incorporated a stylized naturalism into their representations of animals and mythological creatures.

The works at the museum reflected these regional differences, which are influenced by such factors as the availability of materials and the lifestyle particular to each community. Harris said that by displaying a range of regional styles, the museum "helped visitors appreciate the distinctions between, for example, the large, semi-abstract Keewatin stone carvings commonly made in Baker Lake, and the realistic family-scene sculptures by Inukjuak-area artists in northern Quebec".

## Modern examples of Inuit Art

The jewels of the Museum of Inuit Art were a selection of more recent sculptures created by acknowledged masters of the form, such as Joe Talirunili and Judas Ullulaq. Some of these works were individually showcased, and could be glimpsed through floor-to-ceiling windows by passerby.

Since that time, the creation of sculptures, prints, tapestries and other art has been a vital social and economic force in Arctic communities. Today, Inuit artists typically produce and sell their work through the co-operative system- locally based organizations that, among other things, arrange distribution and help to ensure artists are given fair value for their work.

The Museum's adjacent retail gallery ( MIA GALLERY)

```
received its works through the co-operatives and honoured their suggested sale prices. In this sense, the commercial gallery became something of an extension of the museum, where visitors could see the practical side of the Inuit art economy at work. All profits from the sale of works at the retail gallery went to support the Museum of Inuit Art and its operations.
```

## Closing

The museum closed on May 29, 2016. This followed a decline in visitors and revenue following two summers of construction activity along Queens Quay West, which caused the temporary closure of streetcar access to the area of the museum.

## Architecture

The MIA space was designed by gh3\* inc. and won two design awards: the Ontario Association of Architects Design Excellence Award, and the Canada Interiors’ Best of Canada Design Competition Award. The interior of the museum was designed to "remove visitors from the commercial clutter of the adjacent downtown shopping arcade and transport them to a more rarefied environment for viewing art — a neutral white shell evoking the iconic landscape forms of the arctic ice.”

## Collection

**Sprott**

MIA acquired significant works through the generous sponsorship of Eric Sprott and the Sprott Acquisition Program in 2008.

## Reciprocal partnerships

MIA was a reciprocal admissions partner with the Bata Shoe Museum, Design Exchange, and the Gardiner Museum.

## Affiliations

MIA was affiliated with CMA, CHIN, and Virtual Museum of Canada.

## InfoBox

Museum of Inuit Art
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of the gallery in Toronto | |
| Established | June 2007 (2007-06) |
| Dissolved | May 29, 2016 (2016-05-29) |
| Location | Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
| Coordinates | 43°38′20″N 79°22′50″W / 43.63889°N 79.38056°W / 43.63889; -79.38056 |
| Type | Inuit art |
| Director | David Harris |
| Public transit access | 509 |
| Website | www.miamuseum.ca |


title: Xtra Vancouver

abstract: Xtra Vancouver (ISSN 1198-0613), formerly Xtra! West, was a gay bi-weekly newspaper, published by Pink Triangle Press in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Printed on newsprint in tabloid format from its establishment in 1993, Pink Triangle Press announced on January 14, 2015, that the paper edition will be discontinued and the publication will continue in an exclusively digital media format. Xtra! West was founded in July 1993. Focused on business services, by the middle of 1995, it overtook Angles, the longer lasting community magazine of the LGBT community, to become Vancouver's largest and most widely read publication targeting gay and lesbian community. The publication had a circulation of 20,000 copies reaching estimated 32,000 readers. Its offices were located in the Davie Village neighbourhood, Vancouver's gay village. The publication's original editor and publisher was Daniel Gawthrop. He was succeeded as editor by Gareth Kirkby in 1996, and Kirkby was succeeded by Robin Perelle in 2005. In 2008, Brandon Matheson became publisher, succeeding Ken Hickling who was publisher from 1999. In March 2010, Xtra! West was rebranded Xtra Vancouver with the launch of a redesign in the Toronto, Ottawa and Vancouver markets. The publication's final print edition was published on February 12, 2015.

text:
# Xtra Vancouver

***Xtra Vancouver*** (ISSN 1198-0613), formerly ***Xtra! West***, was a gay bi-weekly newspaper, published by Pink Triangle Press in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Printed on newsprint in tabloid format from its establishment in 1993, Pink Triangle Press announced on January 14, 2015, that the paper edition will be discontinued and the publication will continue in an exclusively digital media format.

*Xtra! West* was founded in July 1993. Focused on business services, by the middle of 1995, it overtook *Angles*, the longer lasting community magazine of the LGBT community, to become Vancouver's largest and most widely read publication targeting gay and lesbian community. The publication had a circulation of 20,000 copies reaching estimated 32,000 readers.

Its offices were located in the Davie Village neighbourhood, Vancouver's gay village. The publication's original editor and publisher was Daniel Gawthrop. He was succeeded as editor by Gareth Kirkby in 1996, and Kirkby was succeeded by Robin Perelle in 2005. In 2008, Brandon Matheson became publisher, succeeding Ken Hickling who was publisher from 1999.

In March 2010, *Xtra! West* was rebranded *Xtra Vancouver* with the launch of a redesign in the Toronto, Ottawa and Vancouver markets.

The publication's final print edition was published on February 12, 2015.

## InfoBox

Xtra Vancouver
| Type | Bi-weekly newspaper |
| --- | --- |
| Format | Tabloid |
| Owner(s) | Pink Triangle Press |
| Publisher | Brandon Matheson |
| Editor | Robin Perelle |
| Founded | July 1993 |
| Ceased publication | February 12, 2015 |
| City | Vancouver, British Columbia |
| ISSN | 1198-0613 |
| Website | www.xtra.ca |