abstract: Lost versions of compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach can be reconstructed on the basis of extant versions of similar music. Reasons for such reconstructions include extension of the repertoire and testing hypotheses about the genesis history of known pieces. For instance, in the late 19th century it was discovered that Bach likely transcribed his Concerto for two harpsichords in C minor, BWV 1060, from a lost earlier version for violin and oboe. Reconstructions of BWV 1060 to its presumed original version, published from the 1920s, extended the Bach repertoire for oboists. A more elaborate undertaking was the reconstruction of Bach's lost St Mark Passion, BWV 247: its libretto, printed in 1732, survived without music. Bach's two surviving Passions are among the composer's most often performed vocal works, and Bach's most popular oratorio, the Christmas Oratorio, written in the early 1730s like the St Mark Passion, was apparently to a large extent based on earlier compositions by Bach: a similar assumption was made for the St Mark. From the second half of the 20th century, there were several attempts to reconstruct the St Mark based on extant material from Bach's music library. Since the 19th century, a violin concerto model has been suggested for Bach's first Harpsichord Concerto, BWV 1052: the violin concertos resulting from various reconstruction attempts seem to indicate, at least according to Peter Wollny, that for this harpsichord concerto there was likely no violin concerto model. In the 1980s Peter Williams suggested that the well-known Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565, for organ, may have been based on piece for violin: in this case the violin version reconstruction appeared to be more convincing. In the introduction of the 1990 second edition of the Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis (BWV), Wolfgang Schmieder suggested to indicate reconstructions by the addition of a "R" to the BWV number of the extant version of the composition on which the reconstruction was based, thus, e.g. the violin and oboe version of the BWV 1060 concerto would be numbered BWV 1060R.

text:
# Reconstruction of music by Johann Sebastian Bach

Lost versions of compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach can be reconstructed on the basis of extant versions of similar music. Reasons for such reconstructions include extension of the repertoire and testing hypotheses about the genesis history of known pieces. For instance, in the late 19th century it was discovered that Bach likely transcribed his Concerto for two harpsichords in C minor, BWV 1060, from a lost earlier version for violin and oboe. Reconstructions of BWV 1060 to its presumed original version, published from the 1920s, extended the Bach repertoire for oboists.

A more elaborate undertaking was the reconstruction of Bach's lost *St Mark Passion*, BWV 247: its libretto, printed in 1732, survived without music. Bach's two surviving Passions (*St Matthew* and *St John*) are among the composer's most often performed vocal works, and Bach's most popular oratorio, the *Christmas Oratorio*, written in the early 1730s like the *St Mark Passion*, was apparently to a large extent based on earlier compositions by Bach: a similar assumption was made for the *St Mark*. From the second half of the 20th century, there were several attempts to reconstruct the *St Mark* based on extant material from Bach's music library.

Since the 19th century, a violin concerto model has been suggested for Bach's first Harpsichord Concerto, BWV 1052: the violin concertos resulting from various reconstruction attempts seem to indicate, at least according to Peter Wollny, that for this harpsichord concerto there was likely no violin concerto model. In the 1980s Peter Williams suggested that the well-known Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565, for organ, may have been based on piece for violin: in this case the violin version reconstruction appeared to be more convincing. In the introduction of the 1990 second edition of the *Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis* (BWV), Wolfgang Schmieder suggested to indicate reconstructions by the addition of a "R" to the BWV number of the extant version of the composition on which the reconstruction was based, thus, e.g. the violin and oboe version of the BWV 1060 concerto would be numbered BWV 1060R.

## Vocal music

Reconstructions of Bach's vocal music are often based on surviving lyrics, such as librettos, which show similarities with those of extant music, so that the variant text can be combined with the known music.

In vocal music, recitatives are often a particularly difficult challenge for reconstruction: when Bach parodied his own vocal music, he reused music of arias, duets and choruses for the new work, but recitatives with different lyrics were less suitable for such transcriptions. For example, when he adapted *Vereinigte Zwietracht der wechselnden Saiten*, BWV 207, one of his secular cantatas, into *Auf, schmetternde Töne der muntern Trompeten*, BWV 207a, for a different occasion, he reused the music of all movements except the music of the recitative movements 2, 4 and 6: he composed new music for the recitatives of the later work. An exception appears to have been when he parodied the Michaelmas cantata BWV 248a, recitatives and all, into the sixth part of his *Christmas Oratorio*: how exactly he proceeded with this adaptation can however not be ascertained while the text of the BWV 248a cantata went lost. Reconstruction of recitatives may depend on borrowing music of recitatives with somewhat similar lyrics (e.g. Simon Heighes 1995), or re-composing recitatives in the style of Bach (e.g. Ton Koopman 2000).

Reconstruction of chorale movements of lost church music is helped by the fact that hundreds of Bach's four-part chorales survive, including separate chorales such as BWV 253–438 and 1122–1126, which are most likely nearly exclusively chorale settings from otherwise lost larger vocal works. With some educated guesswork Bach scholars such as Friedrich Smend and Klaus Häfner have coupled extant chorale settings with hymn verses in librettos of otherwise lost works.

### Cantatas

Bach likely composed around 300 church cantatas, of which around 200 are extant. In other words, nearly two of his five cantata cycles were lost: the larger part of what is conventionally indicated as his fourth and fifth cycles is lost. For his secular cantatas, less than half of the around 50 known works are fully extant. Several dozens of Bach cantata librettos survive without music, many of these by Picander, published in his *Ernst-Schertzhaffte und Satyrische Gedichte*: a few of these are at least partially reconstructible based on known works.

Examples of at least partially reconstructed Bach cantatas include:

### Passions, oratorios, and church music in Latin

Reconstructions range from small repairs (e.g. the last measures of laudes "D" of the Magnificat in E-flat major, BWV 243a), to reconstructions of entire Passions (e.g. several reconstructions of the *St Mark Passion*, BWV 247).

## Instrumental music

Schmieder's suggestion to add a "R" to a BWV number to indicate a reconstruction was, in practice, nearly only applied to some of the concerto reconstructions.

### Solo pieces

Reconstructions of Bach's instrumental music include the recasting of the Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565, for organ, as a surmised anterior version for solo violin.

### Concertos

Reconstructions based on Bach's harpsichord concertos include:

* BWV 1050a: the early version of the fifth *Brandenburg Concerto*, BWV 1050, has only been incompletely transmitted. For instance, the violone part of the last two movements of that early version went missing. Alfred Dürr reconstructed the violone part based on a spurious cello part for the later version of the concerto.
* BWV 1052R: based on BWV 1052, 1052a and/or on cantata movements BWV 146/1 (Sinfonia) and /2 (Chorus), and/or on what is known regarding the lost opening Sinfonia of BWV 188 (a variant of the third movement of BWV 1052 scored for oboe, strings and obligato organ):
    + Violin Concerto in D minor
    + Organ Concerto in D minor
* BWV 1053R: based on BWV 1053 and/or cantata movements BWV 169/1 (Sinfonia), /5 (Aria) and 49/1 (Sinfonia):
    + Oboe d'amore Concerto in D major
    + Oboe Concerto in F major
    + Organ Concerto in D major
* BWV 1055R: based on BWV 1055:
    + Oboe d'amore Concerto in A major
* BWV 1056R: based on BWV 1056 and/or (for the middle movement) BWV 156/1 (Sinfonia):
    + Violin Concerto in G minor
    + Oboe Concerto in G minor
* BWV 1059R: based on the BWV 1059 fragment and on cantata movements BWV 35/1 (Sinfonia of Part I), 156/1 (Sinfonia) or 35/2 (Aria), and 35/5 (Sinfonia of Part II):
    + Harpsichord Concerto in D minor
    + Oboe Concerto in D minor
    + Organ Concerto in D minor
* BWV 1060R: based on BWV 1060:
    + Concerto for Violin and Oboe in C minor
    + Concerto for Violin and Oboe in D minor
    + Concerto for Two Violins in C minor
* BWV 1063R: based on BWV 1063:
    + Concerto for Violin, Oboe and Flute in D minor
    + Concerto for Three Violins in D minor
* BWV 1064R: based on BWV 1064:
    + Concerto for Three Violins in D major

Legend to the table
| column | | content |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 01 | BWV | *Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis* (lit.'Bach-works-catalogue'; BWV) numbers. *Anhang* (Annex; Anh.) numbers are indicated as follows: * preceded by I: in Anh. I (lost works) of BWV1 (1950 first edition of the BWV) * preceded by II: in Anh. II (doubtful works) of BWV1 * preceded by III: in Anh. III (spurious works) of BWV1 * preceded by N: new Anh. numbers in BWV2 (1990) and/or BWV2a (1998) |
| 02 | 2a | Section in which the composition appears in BWV2a: * Chapters of the main catalogue indicated by Arabic numerals (1-13) * Anh. sections indicated by Roman numerals (I–III) * Reconstructions published in the NBE indicated by "R" |
| 03 | Date | Date associated with the completion of the listed version of the composition. Exact dates (e.g. for most cantatas) usually indicate the assumed date of first (public) performance. When the date is followed by an abbreviation in brackets (e.g. JSB for Johann Sebastian Bach) it indicates the date of that person's involvement with the composition as composer, scribe or publisher. |
| 04 | Name | Name of the composition: if the composition is known by a German incipit, that German name is preceded by the composition type (e.g. cantata, chorale prelude, motet, ...) |
| 05 | Key | Key of the composition |
| 06 | Scoring | See scoring table below for the abbreviations used in this column |
| 07 | BG | *Bach Gesellschaft-Ausgabe* (BG edition; BGA): numbers before the colon indicate the volume in that edition. After the colon an Arabic numeral indicates the page number where the score of the composition begins, while a Roman numeral indicates a description of the composition in the *Vorwort* (Preface) of the volume. |
| 08 | NBE | New Bach Edition (German: *Neue Bach-Ausgabe*, NBA): Roman numerals for the series, followed by a slash, and the volume number in Arabic numerals. A page number, after a colon, refers to the "Score" part of the volume. Without such page number, the composition is only described in the "Critical Commentary" part of the volume. The volumes group Bach's compositions by genre: 1. Cantatas (Vol. 1–34: church cantatas grouped by occasion; Vol. 35–40: secular cantatas; Vol. 41: Varia) 2. Masses, Passions, Oratorios (12 volumes) 3. Motets, Chorales, Lieder (4 volumes) 4. Organ Works (11 volumes) 5. Keyboard and Lute Works (14 volumes) 6. Chamber Music (5 volumes) 7. Orchestral Works (7 volumes) 8. Canons, Musical Offering, Art of Fugue (3 volumes) 9. Addenda (approximately 7 volumes) |
| 09 | Additional info | may include: * "after" – indicating a model for the composition * "by" – indicating the composer of the composition (if different from Johann Sebastian Bach) * "in" – indicating the oldest known source for the composition * "*pasticcio*" – indicating a composition with parts of different origin * "see" – composition renumbered in a later edition of the BWV * "text" – by text author, or, in source  Provenance of standard texts and tunes, such as Lutheran hymns and their chorale melodies, Latin liturgical texts (e.g. Magnificat) and common tunes (e.g. Folia), are not usually indicated in this column. For an overview of such resources used by Bach, see individual composition articles, and overviews in, e.g., Chorale cantata (Bach)#Bach's chorale cantatas, List of chorale harmonisations by Johann Sebastian Bach#Chorale harmonisations in various collections and List of organ compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach#Chorale Preludes. |
| 10 | BD | Bach Digital Work page |

Legend for abbreviations in "Scoring" column
| Voices (see also SATB) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a | A | b | B | s | S | t | T | v | | | V | |
| alto (solo part) | alto (choir part) | bass (solo part) | bass (choir part) | soprano (solo part) | soprano (choir part) | tenor (solo part) | tenor (choir part) | voice (includes parts for unspecified voices or instruments as in some canons) | | | vocal music for unspecified voice type | |
| Winds and battery (**bold** = soloist) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Bas | Bel | Cnt | Fl | Hn | Ob | Oba | Odc | Tai | Tbn | Tdt | Tmp | Tr |
| bassoon (can be part of Bc, see below) | bell(s) (musical bells) | cornett, cornettino | flute (traverso, flauto dolce, piccolo, flauto basso) | natural horn, corno da caccia, corno da tirarsi, lituo | oboe | oboe d'amore | oboe da caccia | taille | trombone | tromba da tirarsi | timpani | tromba (natural trumpet, clarino trumpet) |
| Strings and keyboard (**bold** = soloist) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Bc | | Hc | Kb | Lu | Lw | Org | Str | Va | Vc | Vdg | Vl | Vne |
| basso continuo: Vdg, Hc, Vc, Bas, Org, Vne and/or Lu | | harpsichord | keyboard (Hc, Lw, Org or clavichord) | lute, theorbo | Lautenwerck (lute-harpsichord) | organ (/man. = manualiter, without pedals) | strings: Vl I, Vl II and Va | viola(s), viola d'amore, violetta | violoncello, violoncello piccolo | viola da gamba | violin(s), violino piccolo | violone, violone grosso |

Reconstructions published in the New Bach Edition
| BWV | 2a | Date | Name | Key | Scoring | BG | NBE | Additional info | BD |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1052R | R | 1970 | Concerto | D min. | **Vl** Str Bc |  | VII/7: 3 | by Fischer; after BWV 1052 | 01236 |
| 1055R | R | 1970 | Concerto | A maj. | **Oba** Str Bc |  | VII/7: 33 | by Fischer; after BWV 1055 | 01240 |
| 1056R | R | 1970 | Concerto | G min. | **Vl** Str Bc |  | VII/7: 59 | by Fischer; after BWV 1056 | 01241 |
| 1060R | R | 1970 | Concerto | C min. | **Vl** **Ob** Str Bc |  | VII/7: 75 | by Fischer; after BWV 1060 | 01245 |
| 1064R | R | 1970 | Concerto | D maj. | **3Vl** Str Bc |  | VII/7: 103 | by Fischer; after BWV 1064 | 01250 |

1. Voigt 1886.
2. Butt 2015, p. 5.
3. Seiffert 1920.
4. Schneider 1924.
5. Picander (=Christian Friedrich Henrici). *Ernst-Schertzhaffte und Satyrische Gedichte*, Volume III. Leipzig: Joh. Theod. Boetii Tochter (1732; 2nd printing 1737), pp. 49–69. (in German)
6. Wilhelm Rust. "Vorwort" (Preface) of Bach-Gesellschaft Ausgabe, Vol. 20.2: *Kammermusik für Gesang – Band 2*. Bärenreiter, 1873, pp. VIII–IX. (in German)
7. "St Mark Passion BWV 247". *Bach Digital*. Leipzig: Bach Archive; et al. 2019-05-15.
8. Wollny 2015, p. 6.
9. Williams, Peter (July 1981). "BWV 565: a toccata in D minor for organ by J. S. Bach?" pp. 330–337 in *Early Music* Vol. 9, No. 3.
10. Rockwell, John (September 13, 1984). "Concert: Academy of Ancient Music". *New York Times*. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
11. Schmieder 1990, p. XXXV.
12. "Vereinigte Zwietracht der wechselnden Saiten (Dramma per musica) BWV 207.1; BWV 207". *Bach Digital*. Leipzig: Bach Archive; et al. 2019-03-11.
13. "Auf, schmetternde Töne der muntern Trompeten (Dramma per musica) BWV 207.2; BWV 207a". *Bach Digital*. Leipzig: Bach Archive; et al. 2019-03-11.
14. Glöckner 2000.
15. Eduard van Hengel. Johann Sebastian Bach: Markus-Passion (BWV 247, 1731), in de reconstructie van Simon Heighes (1995) at eduardvh.home.xs4all.nl, 2010. (in Dutch)
16. Ton Koopman & The Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra: Markus Passion (1731) at www.challengerecords.com.
17. Speculations Regarding the Original Liturgical Occasions of the Individual BWV 253–438 Chorales at Luke Dahn's www.bach-chorales.com.
18. OCLC 159405685
19. Jenkins, Neil (2000). "Bach Magnificat in D & E flat BWV 243 & 243a / (Novello edition ed. N. Jenkins)" (PDF). *www.neiljenkins.info*. p. 4.
20. Markuspassion, BWV 247: reconstructions at the International Music Score Library Project
21. Pieter Dirksen. "The Background to Bach's Fifth Brandenburg Concerto" pp. 157–185 in *The Harpsichord and its Repertoire: Proceedings of the International Harpsichord Symposium, Utrecht, 1990*. Utrecht: STIMU Foundation for Historical Performance Practice, 1992. ISBN 9072786033
22. Violin Concerto in D minor, BWV 1052R: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
23. Harpsichord Concerto No.1 in D minor, BWV 1052 – For Organ and Orchestra: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
24. André Isoir, Le Parlement de Musique, Martin Gester. *Johann Sebastian Bach: L'oeuvre pour orgue et orchestre*. Calliope 1993
25. Bach-Gesellschaft Ausgabe, .../Prefaces, .../Thematic Catalogue: documentation and facsimiles at the International Music Score Library Project
26. Neue Bach-Ausgabe: documentation at the International Music Score Library Project
27. Wilfried Fischer. *Verschollene Solokonzerte in Rekonstruktionen: Fünf Konzerte nach BWV 1052, 1055, 1056, 1060, 1064* (NBA VII/7 Supplement). Bärenreiter 1970.

## Sources

## Further reading

* Butt, John. "Reconstructing Bach." *Early Music*. November 1998, 673–675.


title: Jennifer Manuel

abstract: Jennifer Manuel is a Canadian novelist and short-story writer. She has published one literary novel and three books for young readers. Her debut novel The Heaviness of Things That Float won the Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize in 2017. She has published two middle-grade sports novels including Dressed to Play and Head to Head, which was nominated for The Red Cedar Awards in 2021. Her young adult novel, Open Secrets, addresses grooming in the music industry. She has also published short stories in The Fiddlehead, Prism International, and Room Magazine. Her short story, "Urchin," was a Western Magazine finalist. Born in Toronto, Canada, she grew up in White Rock, British Columbia. She is the daughter of children's author Lynn Manuel. She currently resides on Vancouver Island, where she teaches English and is the Head of Indigenous Initiatives and Engagement at Shawnigan Lake School. She is the Founder of the TRC Reading Challenge, an initiative that encourages all Canadians to read the TRC Report.

text:
# Jennifer Manuel

**Jennifer Manuel** is a Canadian novelist and short-story writer. She has published one literary novel and three books for young readers. Her debut novel *The Heaviness of Things That Float* won the Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize in 2017. She has published two middle-grade sports novels including *Dressed to Play* and *Head to Head*, which was nominated for The Red Cedar Awards in 2021. Her young adult novel, *Open Secrets*, addresses grooming in the music industry. She has also published short stories in The Fiddlehead, Prism International, and Room Magazine. Her short story, "Urchin," was a Western Magazine finalist.

Born in Toronto, Canada, she grew up in White Rock, British Columbia. She is the daughter of children's author Lynn Manuel. She currently resides on Vancouver Island, where she teaches English and is the Head of Indigenous Initiatives and Engagement at Shawnigan Lake School. She is the Founder of the TRC Reading Challenge, an initiative that encourages all Canadians to read the TRC Report.

## Bibliography

| Year | Title | ISBN | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2016 | The Heaviness of Things That Float | ISBN 978-1771620871 | Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize (Winner, 2017) |
| 2020 | Dressed to Play (Lorimer Sports Stories) | ISBN 978-1459414679 |  |
| 2021 | Open Secrets (Lorimer SideStreets) | ISBN 978-1459415881 |  |
| 2021 | Head to Head (Lorimer Sports Stories) | ISBN 978-1459414280 | Red Cedar Award (nominated) |
|

## InfoBox

| Jennifer Manuel | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1971-01-03) 3 January 1971<br>Toronto, Canada |
| Occupation | Author, novelist |
| Language | English |
| Education | Simon Fraser University (B.A.), University of British Columbia (BEd), University of Victoria (Graduate Certificate) |
| Alma mater |  |
| Notable works | * *The Heaviness of Things That Float* * *Dressed to Play* * *Head to Head* * *Open Secrets* |
| Notable awards | Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize (2017) |
| Website | |
| www.jenmanuel.com | |


title: Mączniki, Ostrzeszów County

abstract: Mączniki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kraszewice, within Ostrzeszów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) north-east of Ostrzeszów and 131 km (81 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.

text:
# Mączniki, Ostrzeszów County

**Mączniki** \[mɔnt͡ʂˈniki\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kraszewice, within Ostrzeszów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) north-east of Ostrzeszów and 131 km (81 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.

## InfoBox

| Mączniki | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Mączniki | |
| Coordinates: 51°31′59″N 18°11′34″E / 51.53306°N 18.19278°E / 51.53306; 18.19278 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Ostrzeszów |
| Gmina | Kraszewice |


title: Périphérique (Caen)

abstract: The Boulevard périphérique de Caen is a ring road circling the French city of Caen. It is the route nationale 814. Traveling speed on the road is limited to 90 km/h (55 mph) between the Exit 13 and 8, with a brief portion near the Exit 1 as well as the Viaduc de Calix limited to 70 km/h (45 mph) and 110 km/h (70 mph) elsewhere. It is a 4-lane hard-shouldered road that was finished on 30 September 1997. The total length of the périphérique de Caen is 26 km (16 mi). Notable features include the Viaduc de Calix which spans the River Orne and Canal de Caen à la Mer.

text:
# Périphérique (Caen)

The **Boulevard périphérique de Caen** is a ring road circling the French city of Caen. It is the route nationale 814. Traveling speed on the road is limited to 90 km/h (55 mph) between the Exit 13 and 8, with a brief portion near the Exit 1 as well as the Viaduc de Calix limited to 70 km/h (45 mph) and 110 km/h (70 mph) elsewhere. It is a 4-lane hard-shouldered road that was finished on 30 September 1997. The total length of the périphérique de Caen is 26 km (16 mi).

Notable features include the Viaduc de Calix which spans the River Orne and Canal de Caen à la Mer.

## History

The idea of creating an urban bypass boulevard dates back to 1931 with the *Dauger* urbanization plan. The plan was a question of improving traffic by organizing peripheral traffic by means of a boulevard connecting radial roads, so as to form a radioconcentric network. It was revived in the early 1970s with the urban development of the city. The ring road was opened in stages:

* 13 December 1975: opening of the eastern ring road between the Route de Falaise and the Route de la Délivrande.
* 19 May 1976: opening of the northern ring road between Route de la Délivrande and Boulevard Weygand (now Boulevard Jean Moulin)
* 31 July 1976: extension of the northern ring road between Boulevard Weygand (now Boulevard Jean Moulin) and Chemin Vert
* 28 August 1976: junction between the ring road and the N13 (2,500 metres)
* 13 September 1978: Déclaration d'utilité publique for the section between the roads of Cherbourg (N13) and Brittany (N175)
* 30 September 1997: opening of the last section between Fleury-sur-Orne and Bretteville-sur-Odon

As of 26 April 2015, the ring road is no longer lit at night except on the Viaduc de Calix and the Bessin and Porte de Paris interchanges.

### Further work

#### Northern part

In order to relieve congestion in the northern ring road, a third lane was planned between the Viaduc de Calix and Le Chemin-Vert. Work began in March 2017 with preliminary tree felling work along the relevant section.

Work on the Hamelin ramp began on 15 April 2021 with improvements on the D60. The construction of the ramp itself was carried out in the second half of 2021; it was commissioned on 27 July 2022.

## List of junctions

| Department | Location | km | mi | Junction | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Calvados | Mondeville | 0.0 | 0.0 | A 13 \- **1 Porte de Paris** | Paris, Rouen, Le Havre, Deauville, Mondeville and Giberville |  |
| | | 1.4 | 0.9 | D 513 - **2 Presqu'île-Rives de l'Orne** | Mondeville, Colombelles, Caen station; Route de la Côte Fleurie |  |
| | Hérouville-Saint-Clair | 2.9 | 1.8 | D 515 - **3 Porte d'Angleterre** | Ouistreham, Caen (Saint-Jean-Eudes) |  |
| | 3.8 | 2.4 | **4 Pierre Heuzé** | Hérouville-Saint-Clair, Caen (Pierre Heuzé) |  |
| | Caen | 5.2 | 3.2 | D 7 - **5 Côte de Nacre** | Douvres-la-Délivrande, Épron, Caen (campus 1, Calvaire Saint-Pierre) |  |
| | 6.2 | 3.9 | **6 Vallée des Jardins** | Saint-Contest, Caen (Vallée des Jardins, La Folie Couvrechef - Mémorial) |  |
| | 8.0 | 5.0 | D 401 - **7 Chemin Vert** | Saint-Germain-la-Blanche-Herbe, Caen (Chemin vert, La Maladrerie) |  |
| | Saint-Germain-la-Blanche-Herbe | 9.9 | 6.2 | N 13 \- **8 Porte de Bessin** | Cherbourg, Bayeux |  |
| | Bretteville-sur-Odon | 13.2 | 8.2 | A 84 \- **9 Porte de Bretagne** | Vire-Normandie, Rennes, Nantes |  |
| | Éterville | 14.6 | 9.1 | D 8 - **10 Éterville** | Louvigny, Caen (la Prairie) |  |
| | Ifs | 18.1 | 11.2 | **11 Suisse Normande** | Flers, Fleury-sur-Orne, Caen (Grâce de Dieu) |  |
| | 21.0 | 13.1 | **12 Ifs** | Ifs, Caen (campus 3) |  |
| | 22.1 | 13.7 | N 158 \- **13 Porte d'Espagne** | Alençon, Le Mans, Tours |  |
| | Cormelles-le-Royal | 23.3 | 14.5 | D 229 - **14 Cormelles** | Cormelles-le-Royal, Caen (Guérinière) |  |
| | 24.5 | 15.2 | **15 Vallée Sèche** | Grentheville, Caen (Sainte-Thérèse) |  |
| | Mondeville | 26.6 | 16.3 | D 613 - **16 Pays d'Auge** | Lisieux, Caen (Demi-Lune) |  |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi<br> | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| National road 814 | |
| --- | --- |
| *Route nationale 814* | |
|  | |
| Route information | |
|  | |
| Part of  E46 | |
|  | |
| Length | 28 km (17 mi) |
| Existed | 1997–present |
| Major junctions | |
| East end | *Porte de Paris* for A13 |
| Major intersections |  |
| West end | *Porte de Bretagne* for A84 |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | France |
| Major cities | Caen |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
| * **Roads in France** | |


title: Republica (album)

abstract: Republica is the debut studio album by English band Republica. It was first released in the United States on 30 July 1996 by RCA Records, and by Deconstruction Records in the United Kingdom. Three singles were released from the album: "Bloke", "Ready to Go" and "Drop Dead Gorgeous", with the last two being hits. Upon its release, Republica received generally positive reviews from music critics and was a commercial success. It peaked at number four on the UK Albums Chart. In the US, it reached number 153 on the Billboard 200 and was also successful in other countries, such as Germany and New Zealand. A deluxe edition of the album was released on 28 February 2020 on Cherry Red Records.

text:
# Republica (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Cash Box* | (favorable) |
| *Los Angeles Times* |  |
| *Music Week* |  |
| *The Times* | (favorable) |

***Republica*** is the debut studio album by English band Republica. It was first released in the United States on 30 July 1996 by RCA Records, and by Deconstruction Records in the United Kingdom. Three singles were released from the album: "Bloke", "Ready to Go" and "Drop Dead Gorgeous", with the last two being hits.

Upon its release, *Republica* received generally positive reviews from music critics and was a commercial success. It peaked at number four on the UK Albums Chart. In the US, it reached number 153 on the *Billboard* 200 and was also successful in other countries, such as Germany and New Zealand.

A deluxe edition of the album was released on 28 February 2020 on Cherry Red Records.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Saffron, Tim Dorney, Andy Todd, and Johnny Male except where noted

*Republica* track listing
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Ready to Go" | 5:01 |
| 2. | "Bloke" (Saffron, Dorney, Todd) | 4:56 |
| 3. | "Bitch" (Saffron, Dorney, Todd) | 5:13 |
| 4. | "Get Off" | 3:57 |
| 5. | "Picture Me" (Saffron, Dorney, Todd) | 5:47 |
| 6. | "Drop Dead Gorgeous" | 4:30 |
| 7. | "Out of the Darkness" | 3:49 |
| 8. | "Wrapp" | 1:45 |
| 9. | "Don't You Ever" | 4:00 |
| 10. | "Holly" (Saffron, Dorney, Todd) | 4:23 |
| 11. | "Ready to Go" (original mix) | 5:01 |
| Total length: | | 48:22 |

### Limited edition

Released in 1997 with an alternate album cover and bonus live CD.

CD2 - *Republica Live*
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Drop Dead Gorgeous" | 5:09 |
| 2. | "Bloke" | 5:10 |
| 3. | "Get Off" | 4:01 |
| 4. | "Ready to Go" | 4:30 |
| 5. | "Out of the Darkness" | 3:41 |
| 6. | "Holly" | 6:04 |

### Deluxe edition

This was released on the 90/9 imprint of Cherry Red Records on 28 February 2020.

CD1
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Ready to Go" | 5:01 |
| 2. | "Bloke" | 4:51 |
| 3. | "Bitch" | 5:15 |
| 4. | "Get Off" | 3:56 |
| 5. | "Picture Me" | 5:42 |
| 6. | "Drop Dead Gorgeous" | 4:30 |
| 7. | "Out of the Darkness" | 3:49 |
| 8. | "Wrapp" | 1:44 |
| 9. | "Don't You Ever" | 3:59 |
| 10. | "Holly" | 4:23 |
| 11. | "Mutha" | 3:59 |
| 12. | "Introlude" | 2:13 |
| 13. | "Ready to Go" (original mix) | 5:02 |
| 14. | "Drop Dead Gorgeous" (original mix) | 4:50 |
| 15. | "Bloke" (original mix) | 4:18 |
| 16. | "Bitch" (original mix) | 4:05 |
| 17. | "Holly" (original mix) | 4:24 |
| 18. | "Out of This World" (Republica mix) | 4:33 |

CD2
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Out of This World" (original mix) | 8:08 |
| 2. | "Bloke" (extended mix) | 6:40 |
| 3. | "Holly" (full mix) | 7:06 |
| 4. | "Ready to Go" (original extended mix) | 7:41 |
| 5. | "Drop Dead Gorgeous" (Pop Fiction mix) | 3:39 |
| 6. | "Bloke" (Blame It On the Vodka mix) | 6:18 |
| 7. | "Ready to Go" (Smash's Disco mix) | 5:42 |
| 8. | "Out of This World" (alternative mix) | 6:42 |
| 9. | "Bloke" (Jack Daniels mix) | 7:32 |
| 10. | "Holly" (Republica club mix) | 8:03 |
| 11. | "Drop Dead Gorgeous" (Riprock's Runway mix) | 7:08 |
| 12. | "Out of This World" (Proper Night Out mix) | 5:08 |

CD3
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Out of This World" (The Chemical Brothers mix) | 7:04 |
| 2. | "Bloke" (Blakkat remix) | 5:07 |
| 3. | "Ready to Go" (Smash's Club extended mix) | 5:42 |
| 4. | "Drop Dead Gorgeous" (Riprock's One Way dub) | 7:21 |
| 5. | "Out of This World" (Rub-A-Dub-Sub mix) | 7:04 |
| 6. | "Ready to Go" (Dramaboy's Babyyan mix) | 7:50 |
| 7. | "Holly" (Fabio Paras mix) | 8:48 |
| 8. | "Bitch" (Way Out West mix) | 6:18 |
| 9. | "Out of This World" (Prankster Bends The Frequency mix) | 5:46 |
| 10. | "Bloke" (Blakkat instrumental mix) | 5:07 |
| 11. | "Ready to Go" (Gavin And Scott Hardkiss' Remixica) | 8:24 |
| 12. | "Out of This World" (The Chemical Brothers dub) | 5:21 |

## Personnel

**Republica**

* Saffron – vocals
* Tim Dorney – keyboards
* Andy Todd – keyboards
* Johnny Male – guitar
* David Barbarossa – drums

**Additional personnel**

* Ben Grosse – additional producer, programming
* Dave Arch – piano
* Paul Cartledge – guitar
* Pete Davis – keyboards, programming
* Jez Williams – guitar
* Randy Jacobs – guitar
* Grant Mohrman – guitar
* Marlon Young – guitar
* Sal Aiello – guitar
* Ian Tregoning – mixing
* Phil Dane – mixing
* Jesus Beats – programming
* John Vitale – programming, guitar
* Mike Tuller – programming

## Charts

## Certifications and sales

Certifications and sales for *Republica*
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Gold | 100,000^ |
| United States |  | 200,000 |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| Republica | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Republica | |
| Released | 30 July 1996 (1996-07-30) |
| Recorded | 1994–1995 |
| Studio | * Milo Studios * The Workhouse Studios (London, United Kingdom) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 48:22 |
| Label |  |
| Producer |  |
| Republica chronology | |
| ***Republica***
(1996) *Speed Ballads*
(1998) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Republica* | |
| 1. "Bloke"
Released: January 1995 2. "Ready to Go"
Released: 15 April 1996 3. "Drop Dead Gorgeous"
Released: 21 April 1997 | |
|  | |


title: Merioneth (UK Parliament constituency)

abstract: Merioneth, sometimes called Merionethshire, was a constituency in North Wales established in 1542, which returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the English Parliament, and later to the Parliament of Great Britain and of the United Kingdom. It was abolished for the 1983 general election, when it was largely replaced by the new constituency of Meirionnydd Nant Conwy.

text:
# Merioneth (UK Parliament constituency)

**Merioneth**, sometimes called **Merionethshire**, was a constituency in North Wales established in 1542, which returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the English Parliament, and later to the Parliament of Great Britain and of the United Kingdom. It was abolished for the 1983 general election, when it was largely replaced by the new constituency of Meirionnydd Nant Conwy.

## Overview

### Boundaries

The constituency consisted of the historic county of Merionethshire. Merioneth was always an almost entirely rural constituency, rocky and mountainous with grazing the only useful agricultural activity that could be pursued; quarrying was its other main economic mainstay. It was also a strongly Welsh-speaking area (a parliamentary paper in 1904 listed that just 6.2% of the population could only speak English, lower than in any other county in Wales), and by the 19th century was a stronghold of non-conformist religion.

### Establishment

Like the rest of Wales, Merioneth was given the right to representation by the Laws in Wales Acts 1535-1542, and first returned an MP to the Parliament of 1542; however, unlike all the other Welsh counties, Merioneth had no towns sufficiently important in the 16th century to merit borough status, so the county MP was its only representative. The MP was chosen by the first past the post electoral system – when there was a contest at all, which was almost unheard of before the second half of the 19th century.

### Franchise and political influences before the Reform Act

As in other county constituencies, the franchise until 1832 was defined by the Forty Shilling Freeholder Act, which gave the right to vote to every man who possessed freehold property within the county valued at £2 or more per year for the purposes of land tax; it was not necessary for the freeholder to occupy his land, nor even in later years to be resident in the county at all. Nevertheless, the electorate was small, probably only a few hundred, though the lack of contested elections make it impossible to be sure: at the 1774 election, the only one to go to a poll in the 18th century, exactly 600 votes were cast. By way of comparison, the population at the time of the 1831 census was about 34,500.

For more than a century before the Reform Act, Merioneth's representation was almost entirely monopolised by the Vaughan family of Corsygedol – they and the Wynns of Wynnstay, who supported them, were the two leading families of the county and the expense of a contested election was presumably seen as futile by any potential opposition candidates. When a magnate from outside the county, The Earl of Powis, did intervene in 1774, his candidate was roundly defeated. Since the Vaughans were not aligned with any of the great aristocratic interests of the rest of Wales, and were generally regarded as maintaining their independence, there was little partisan interest in dislodging them.

### Survival as a constituency with low population

Although the franchise was somewhat extended under the Great Reform Act, Merioneth's registered electorate at the first post-Reform election was only 580. However, it seems that this considerably under-represented those who were eligible, and more voters could be induced to register by vigorous campaigning. The Liberation Society, a body aiming to maximise the non-conformist vote to achieve disestablishment of the church, was active in Merioneth and a number of other Welsh counties in the 1850s and 1860s, and between the elections of 1859 and 1865 Merioneth's electorate rose by 50%, from 1,091 to 1,527. But there was also a dramatic rise in the electorate between 1835 and 1837 (from 698 to 1,336), which is less easy to explain. Nevertheless, even with these occasional peaks, Merioneth was a small constituency by Welsh – let alone English – standards.

By the time of the 1911 census, the population of Merioneth was 46,849, and in other circumstances it would have been too small to survive as a separate constituency, but the physical geography meant that the inconvenience which would be caused to voters and MPs alike by combining it with a neighbouring county outweighed any arguments for mathematical equality of representation. In 1929, the first election at which all adult men and women had the vote, Merioneth's electorate was under 29,000, and it had fallen even further (to 27,619) by the time of the final (1979) election before the constituency was abolished, even with the extension of the franchise to 18- to 21-year-olds in the 1960s.

### Political character after the 1860s

The gentry returned unopposed as MPs in Merioneth's deferential days had usually been Conservatives. At the 1850 general election, the sitting member, W.W.E. Wynne of Peniarth, was challenged by the Liberal, David Williams. In an election characterised by allegations of coercion against the nonconformist tenantry, Wynne held the seat by a small majority. In 1865, Wynne stood down, and was succeeded as Conservative candidate by his son, W.R.M. Wynne. Against some expectations, he held the seat with a slightly reduced majority, and this was attributed by Ieuan Gwynedd Jones to 'a sense of terror' that had struck the mainly nonconformist tenant farmers. In 1868, following the extension of the franchise, Wynne withdrew rather than face another contest which he was likely to lose. With the introduction of the secret ballot, Merioneth became one of the safest Liberal seats in Wales – mainly the effect of the high number of workers in the slate and limestone quarries round Ffestiniog and Corwen. With the foundation of the Labour Party, the seat became less safe, but the Liberals held it through the first half of the 20th century, losing it to Labour, when Emrys Roberts was defeated by T.W. Jones. The Liberals remained the main challengers until the 1960s. However, with the emergence of Plaid Cymru as a political force, Merioneth was natural territory for the nationalists: they overtook the Liberals for second place behind Labour in 1970, and then Dafydd Elis-Thomas captured the seat at the February 1974 election, one of the first two seats the party had won at a general election. They retained it comfortably in October 1974 and 1979.

### Abolition

The constituency was finally abolished with effect from the 1983 general election, when the alignment of constituency boundaries with the revised Welsh county boundaries necessitated a change. The Boundary Commission's original proposals would have united Merioneth with English-speaking Conwy on the North Wales coast, and would almost certainly have extinguished Plaid Cymru's chances of holding the seat, but after a public enquiry much more modest changes were adopted. The bulk of the electorate formed the core of the new Meirionnydd Nant Conwy constituency, joined by only around 5,000 voters from outside the old county, while about 3,000 voters in that part of Merionethshire which had been placed in Clwyd rather than Gwynedd moved to the new Clwyd South West constituency.

## Members of Parliament

### MPs 1542–1640

| Parliament | Member |
| --- | --- |
| 1542 | Edward Stanley |
| 1545 | Rhys Vaughan |
| 1547 | Lewis ap Owen |
| 1553 (Mar) | Lewis ap Owen |
| 1553 (Oct) | John Salesbury |
| 1554 (Apr) | Lewis ap Owen |
| 1554 (Nov) | Lewis ap Owen |
| 1555 |  |
| 1558 | Ellis Price |
| 1559 (Jan) | John Wyn ap Cadwaladr |
| 1563 (Jan) | Ellis Price |
| 1571 | Hugh Owen |
| 1572 | John Lewis Owen |
| 1584 (Nov) | Cadwaladr Price |
| 1586 | Robert Lloyd |
| 1588 (Nov) | Robert Salusbury |
| 1593 | Griffith Nanney |
| 1597 (Sep) | Thomas Myddelton |
| 1601 (Oct) | Robert Lloyd |
| 1604–1611 | Sir Edward Herbert |
| 1614 | Ellis Lloyd |
| 1621–1622 | William Salisbury |
| 1624 | Henry Wynn |
| 1625 | Henty Wynn |
| 1626 | Edward Vaughan |
| 1628–1629 | Richard Vaughan |
| 1629–1640 | *No Parliaments convened* |

### MPs 1640–1983

| Year | | Member | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | April 1640 | Henry Wynn |  |
|  | November 1640 | William Price | Royalist |
|  | February 1644 | *Price disabled from sitting – seat vacant* | |
|  | 1646 | Roger Pope |  |
|  | 1647 | John Jones |  |
|  | 1653 | *Merioneth was not represented in the Barebones Parliament* | |
|  | 1654 | John Vaughan |  |
|  | 1656 | Colonel John Jones |  |
|  | January 1659 | Lewis Owen |  |
|  | May 1659 | *Merioneth was not represented in the restored Rump* | |
|  | April 1660 | Edmund Meyricke |  |
|  | 1661 | Henry Wynn |  |
|  | 1673 | William Price |  |
|  | 1679 | Sir John Wynn |  |
|  | 1681 | Sir Robert Owen |  |
|  | 1685 | Sir John Wynn |  |
|  | 1695 | Hugh Nanney |  |
|  | 1701 | Richard Vaughan |  |
|  | 1734 | William Vaughan | Independent |
|  | 1768 | John Pugh Pryse |  |
|  | 1774 | Evan Lloyd Vaughan | Tory |
|  | 1792 | Sir Robert Vaughan | Tory |
|  | 1836 | Richard Richards | Conservative |
|  | 1852 | William Watkin Edward Wynne | Conservative |
|  | 1865 | W. R. M. Wynne | Conservative |
|  | 1868 | David Williams | Liberal |
|  | 1870 | Samuel Holland | Liberal |
|  | 1885 | Henry Robertson | Liberal |
|  | 1886 | T. E. Ellis | Liberal |
|  | 1899 | Owen Morgan Edwards | Liberal |
|  | 1900 | Sir Osmond Williams | Liberal |
|  | Jan 1910 | Sir Henry Haydn Jones | Liberal |
|  | 1945 | Emrys Roberts | Liberal |
|  | 1951 | Thomas Jones | Labour |
|  | 1966 | Will Edwards | Labour |
|  | Feb 1974 | Dafydd Elis-Thomas | Plaid Cymru |
| 1983 | | *constituency abolished: see Meirionnydd Nant Conwy* | |

## Election results

### Elections in the 1830s

General election 1830: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Tory** | **Robert Vaughan** | ***Unopposed*** | | |
| Registered electors | | | 600 |  |
|  | Tory **hold** | | | | |

General election 1831: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Tory** | **Robert Vaughan** | ***Unopposed*** | | |
| Registered electors | | | 600 |  |
|  | Tory **hold** | | | | |

General election 1832: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Tory** | **Robert Vaughan** | ***Unopposed*** | | |
| Registered electors | | | 580 |  |
|  | Tory **hold** | | | | |

General election 1835: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Robert Vaughan** | ***Unopposed*** | | |
| Registered electors | | | 698 |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | | | |

Vaughan resigned, causing a by-election.

By-election, 27 June 1836: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Richard Richards** | **501** | **77.0** |
|  | Whig | William Wynn | 150 | 23.0 |
| Majority | | | 351 | 54.0 |
| Turnout | | | 651 | 82.9 |
| Registered electors | | | 785 |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | | | |

General election 1837: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Richard Richards** | ***Unopposed*** | | |
| Registered electors | | | 1,336 |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | | | |

### Elections in the 1840s

General election 1841: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Richard Richards** | ***Unopposed*** | | |
| Registered electors | | | 1,306 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | | | |

General election 1847: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Richard Richards** | ***Unopposed*** | | |
| Registered electors | | | 1,180 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | | | |

### Elections in the 1850s

General election 1852: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **William Watkin Edward Wynne** | ***Unopposed*** | | |
| Registered electors | | | 1,006 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | | | |

General election 1857: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **William Watkin Edward Wynne** | ***Unopposed*** | | |
| Registered electors | | | 1,126 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | | | |

General election 1859: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **William Watkin Edward Wynne** | **389** | **52.6** | ***N/A*** |
|  | Liberal | David Williams | 351 | 47.4 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 38 | 5.2 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | | 740 | 67.8 | *N/A* |
| Registered electors | | | 1,091 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing | *N/A* |  |

### Elections in the 1860s

General election 1865: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **W. R. M. Wynne** | **610** | **51.3** | **−1.3** |
|  | Liberal | David Williams | 579 | 48.7 | +1.3 |
| Majority | | | 31 | 2.6 | −2.6 |
| Turnout | | | 1,189 | 77.9 | +10.1 |
| Registered electors | | | 1,527 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing | −1.3 |  |

General election 1868: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **David Williams** | ***Unopposed*** | | |
| Registered electors | | | 3,185 |  |  |
|  | Liberal **gain** from Conservative | | | | |

### Elections in the 1870s

Williams' death caused a by-election.

By-election, 17 January 1870: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **Samuel Holland** | **1,610** | **62.6** | ***N/A*** |
|  | Conservative | Charles John Tottenham | 963 | 37.4 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 647 | 25.2 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | | 2,573 | 80.7 | *N/A* |
| Registered electors | | | 3,187 |  |  |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing | *N/A* |  |

General election 1874: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **Samuel Holland** | ***Unopposed*** | | |
| Registered electors | | | 3,335 |  |  |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | | | |

### Elections in the 1880s

General election 1880: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **Samuel Holland** | **1,860** | **63.4** | ***N/A*** |
|  | Conservative | Alexander Milne Dunlop | 1,074 | 36.6 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 786 | 26.8 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | | 2,934 | 82.2 | *N/A* |
| Registered electors | | | 3,571 |  |  |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

General election 1885: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **Henry Robertson** | **3,784** | **47.9** | **−15.5** |
|  | Conservative | W. R. M. Wynne | 2,209 | 28.0 | −8.6 |
|  | Independent Liberal | Morgan Lloyd | 1,907 | 24.1 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 1,575 | 19.9 | −6.9 |
| Turnout | | | 7,900 | 84.6 | +2.4 |
| Registered electors | | | 9,333 |  |  |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing | −3.5 |  |

General election 1886: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **T. E. Ellis** | **4,127** | **59.1** | **+11.2** |
|  | Conservative | John Vaughan | 2,860 | 40.9 | +12.9 |
| Majority | | | 1,267 | 18.2 | −1.7 |
| Turnout | | | 6,987 | 74.9 | −9.7 |
| Registered electors | | | 9,333 |  |  |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing | −0.9 |  |

### Elections in the 1890s

General election 1892: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **T. E. Ellis** | **5,175** | **72.8** | **+13.7** |
|  | Conservative | Henry Owen | 1,937 | 27.2 | −13.7 |
| Majority | | | 3,238 | 45.6 | +27.4 |
| Turnout | | | 7,112 | 77.8 | +2.9 |
| Registered electors | | | 9,137 |  |  |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing | +13.7 |  |

Ellis was appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, requiring a by-election.

By-election, 1892: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **T. E. Ellis** | ***Unopposed*** | | |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | | | |

General election 1895: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **T. E. Ellis** | **5,173** | **69.9** | **−2.9** |
|  | Conservative | Charles Edward Jones Owen | 2,232 | 30.1 | +2.9 |
| Majority | | | 2,941 | 39.8 | −5.8 |
| Turnout | | | 7,405 | 82.4 | +4.6 |
| Registered electors | | | 8,983 |  |  |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing | −2.9 |  |

Ellis' death caused a by-election.

1899 Merionethshire by-election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **Owen Morgan Edwards** | ***Unopposed*** | | |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | | | |

### Elections in the 1900s

General election 1900: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **Osmond Williams** | ***Unopposed*** | | |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | | | |

General election 1906: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **Osmond Williams** | ***Unopposed*** | | |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | | | |

### Elections in the 1910s

General election January 1910: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **Henry Haydn Jones** | **6,065** | **76.4** | ***N/A*** |
|  | Conservative | Robert John Morris | 1,873 | 23.6 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 4,192 | 52.8 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | | 7,938 | 84.8 | *N/A* |
| Registered electors | | | 9,365 |  |  |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing | *N/A* |  |

General election December 1910: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **Henry Haydn Jones** | ***Unopposed*** | | |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | | | |

**General Election 1914–15**:

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;

General election 1918: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **Henry Haydn Jones** | ***Unopposed*** | | |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | | | |

### Elections in the 1920s

General election 1922: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **Henry Haydn Jones** | **9,903** | **58.3** | ***N/A*** |
|  | Labour | John Jones Roberts | 7,070 | 41.7 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 2,833 | 16.6 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | | 16,973 | 77.1 | *N/A* |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing | *N/A* |  |

General election 1923: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **Henry Haydn Jones** | **11,005** | **60.5** | **+2.2** |
|  | Labour | John Jones Roberts | 7,181 | 39.5 | −2.2 |
| Majority | | | 3,824 | 21.0 | +4.4 |
| Turnout | | | 18,186 | 80.2 | +3.1 |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing | +2.2 |  |

General election 1924: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **Henry Haydn Jones** | **9,228** | **47.8** | **−12.7** |
|  | Labour | John Jones Roberts | 6,393 | 33.1 | −6.4 |
|  | Conservative | Robert Vaughan | 3,677 | 19.1 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 2,835 | 14.7 | −6.3 |
| Turnout | | | 19,298 | 83.9 | +2.7 |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

General election 1929: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **Henry Haydn Jones** | **11,865** | **48.3** | **+0.5** |
|  | Labour | John Jones Roberts | 7,980 | 32.5 | −0.6 |
|  | Conservative | Charles Phibbs | 4,731 | 19.3 | +0.2 |
| Majority | | | 3,885 | 15.8 | +1.1 |
| Turnout | | | 24,576 | 85.2 | +1.3 |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing | +0.6 |  |

### Elections in the 1930s

General election 1931: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **Henry Haydn Jones** | **9,756** | **40.8** | **+7.5** |
|  | Labour | James Henry Howard | 7,807 | 32.6 | +0.1 |
|  | Conservative | Charles Phibbs | 6,372 | 26.6 | +7.3 |
| Majority | | | 1,949 | 8.1 | −7.7 |
| Turnout | | | 23,935 | 82.6 | −2.6 |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

General election 1935: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **Henry Haydn Jones** | **9,466** | **40.0** | **−0.8** |
|  | Labour | Thomas Jones | 8,317 | 35.2 | +2.6 |
|  | Conservative | Charles Phibbs | 5,868 | 24.8 | −1.8 |
| Majority | | | 1,149 | 4.9 | −3.2 |
| Turnout | | | 23,651 | 81.6 | −1.0 |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

A General election was due to take place before the end of 1940, but was postponed due to the Second World War. By the Autumn of 1939, the following candidates had been selected to contest this constituency;

### Elections in the 1940s

General election 1945: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **Emrys Roberts** | **8,495** | **35.8** | **−4.2** |
|  | Labour | Huw Morris Jones | 8,383 | 35.4 | +0.2 |
|  | Conservative | Craig Parry Hughes | 4,374 | 18.5 | −6.3 |
|  | Plaid Cymru | Gwynfor Evans | 2,448 | 10.3 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 112 | 0.4 | −4.5 |
| Turnout | | | 23,700 | 82.2 | +0.6 |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing | -2.2 |  |

### Elections in the 1950s

General election 1950: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **Emrys Roberts** | **9,647** | **38.8** | **+3.0** |
|  | Labour | O Parry | 8,577 | 34.5 | −0.9 |
|  | Conservative | John Francis Williams-Wynne | 4,374 | 18.5 | 0.0 |
|  | Plaid Cymru | Gwynfor Evans | 2,754 | 11.0 | +0.7 |
| Majority | | | 1,070 | 4.3 | +3.9 |
| Turnout | | | 25,352 | 88.8 | +6.6 |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

General election 1951: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Thomas Jones** | **10,505** | **43.0** | **+8.5** |
|  | Liberal | Emrys Roberts | 9,457 | 38.6 | −0.2 |
|  | Conservative | Geraint Morgan | 4,505 | 18.4 | −0.1 |
| Majority | | | 1,048 | 4.4 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | | 24,467 | 87.3 | −1.5 |
|  | Labour **gain** from Liberal | | Swing |  |  |

General election 1955: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Thomas Jones** | **9,056** | **38.3** | **−4.7** |
|  | Liberal | Henry Evans Jones | 6,374 | 26.9 | −11.7 |
|  | Plaid Cymru | Gwynfor Evans | 5,243 | 22.1 | *New* |
|  | National Liberal | John V Jenkins | 3,001 | 12.7 | −5.7 |
| Majority | | | 2,682 | 11.3 | +6.9 |
| Turnout | | | 23,674 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

General election 1959: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Thomas Jones** | **9,095** | **40.7** | **+2.4** |
|  | Liberal | Ben Jones | 8,119 | 36.3 | +9.4 |
|  | Plaid Cymru | Gwynfor Evans | 5,127 | 23.0 | +0.9 |
| Majority | | | 976 | 4.4 | −6.9 |
| Turnout | | | 22,341 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Elections in the 1960s

General election 1964: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Thomas Jones** | **8,420** | **38.37** |  |
|  | Liberal | Richard O Jones | 7,171 | 32.68 |  |
|  | Plaid Cymru | Elystan Morgan | 3,697 | 16.85 |  |
|  | Conservative | A E Campbell L Jones-Lloyd | 2,656 | 12.10 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 1,249 | 5.69 |  |
| Turnout | | | 21,944 | 83.15 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

General election 1966: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **William Edwards** | **9,628** | **44.17** |  |
|  | Liberal | Edward Gwyn Jones | 7,733 | 35.47 |  |
|  | Plaid Cymru | Ieuan Lewis Jenkins | 2,490 | 11.42 |  |
|  | Conservative | A E Campbell L Jones-Lloyd | 1,948 | 8.94 |  |
| Majority | | | 1,895 | 8.70 |  |
| Turnout | | | 21,799 | 85.84 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Elections in the 1970s

General election 1970: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **William Edwards** | **8,861** | **39.76** |  |
|  | Plaid Cymru | Dafydd Wigley | 5,425 | 24.34 |  |
|  | Liberal | Emlyn Thomas | 5,034 | 22.59 |  |
|  | Conservative | D Elgan H Edwards | 2,965 | 13.30 |  |
| Majority | | | 3,436 | 15.42 |  |
| Turnout | | | 22,285 | 84.24 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

General election February 1974: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Plaid Cymru** | **Dafydd Elis-Thomas** | **7,823** | **34.61** |  |
|  | Labour | William Edwards | 7,235 | 32.01 |  |
|  | Liberal | IAE Jones | 4,153 | 18.37 |  |
|  | Conservative | RR Owen | 3,392 | 15.01 |  |
| Majority | | | 588 | 2.60 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | | 22,603 | 85.26 |  |
|  | Plaid Cymru **gain** from Labour | | Swing |  |  |

General election October 1974: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Plaid Cymru** | **Dafydd Elis-Thomas** | **9,543** | **42.49** |  |
|  | Labour | William Edwards | 6,951 | 30.95 |  |
|  | Liberal | Richard O Jones | 3,454 | 15.38 |  |
|  | Conservative | RR Owen | 2,509 | 11.17 |  |
| Majority | | | 2,592 | 11.54 |  |
| Turnout | | | 22,457 | 84.02 |  |
|  | Plaid Cymru **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

General election 1979: Merioneth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Plaid Cymru** | **Dafydd Elis-Thomas** | **9,275** | **40.8** | **−1.7** |
|  | Conservative | Robert Harvey | 5,365 | 23.6 | +12.4 |
|  | Labour | RH Jones | 5,332 | 23.5 | −7.4 |
|  | Liberal | John Parsons | 2,752 | 12.1 | −3.3 |
| Majority | | | 3,910 | 17.2 | +5.7 |
| Turnout | | | 22,724 | 83.4 | −0.6 |
|  | Plaid Cymru **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

## Sources

* *The BBC/ITN Guide to the New Parliamentary Constituencies* (Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services, 1983)
* *Cobbett's Parliamentary history of England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the year 1803* (London: Thomas Hansard, 1808)
* Matthew Cragoe, *Culture, Politics, and National Identity in Wales 1832–1886* (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004)
* F W S Craig, *British Parliamentary Election Results 1832–1885* (2nd edition, Aldershot: Parliamentary Research Services, 1989)
* F W S Craig, *British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–1949* (Glasgow: Political Reference Publications, 1969)
* Jones, Ieuan Gwynedd (1981). *Explorations and Explanations. Essays in the Social History of Victorian Wales*. Llandysul: Gomer. ISBN 0850886449.
* Lewis Namier & John Brooke, *The History of Parliament: The House of Commons 1754-1790* (London: HMSO, 1964)
* J E Neale, *The Elizabethan House of Commons* (London: Jonathan Cape, 1949)
* Henry Pelling, *Social Geography of British Elections 1885–1910* (London: Macmillan, 1967)
* J Holladay Philbin, *Parliamentary Representation 1832 – England and Wales* (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965)
* Robert Waller, *The Almanac of British Politics* (1st edition, London: Croom Helm, 1983)
* Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "M" (part 2)

## InfoBox

| Merioneth | |
| --- | --- |
| Former county constituency<br>for the House of Commons | |
| 1542–1983 | |
| Seats | one |
| Replaced by | Clwyd South West and Meirionnydd Nant Conwy |


title: Wilhelm T. Unge

abstract: Baron Wilhelm Theodor Unge was a military engineer who invented a telemeter and various improvements to artillery. He was born in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1845. He worked with Alfred Nobel to improve the range and accuracy of Hale rockets, by using improved propellants and launching from cannons. It is possible that one of his rockets carried the Nobel camera that made the first aerial photograph from a rocket in April 1897. After Nobel died in 1896, Unge obtained patents for improved rockets, with some sold to several countries. In 1908 he sold his patents to Friedrich Krupp. In 1977, Unge was inducted into the International Space Hall of Fame.

text:
# Wilhelm T. Unge

Baron **Wilhelm Theodor Unge** was a military engineer who invented a telemeter and various improvements to artillery. He was born in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1845. He worked with Alfred Nobel to improve the range and accuracy of Hale rockets, by using improved propellants and launching from cannons. It is possible that one of his rockets carried the Nobel camera that made the first aerial photograph from a rocket in April 1897.

After Nobel died in 1896, Unge obtained patents for improved rockets, with some sold to several countries. In 1908 he sold his patents to Friedrich Krupp.

In 1977, Unge was inducted into the International Space Hall of Fame.

## InfoBox

| Baron Wilhelm Theodor Unge | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 1845<br>Stockholm |
| Died | 1915 (aged 6970) |
| Allegiance | Sweden |
| Service/branch | Army of Sweden |
| Years of service | 1866-? (prior to 1894) |
| Rank | Lieutenant colonel, staff-general and captain in the Royal Uplands Regiment |
| Other work | controlled, Solid-fuel rocketry; improved propellant; life-saving rockets |


title: Melissa Ng

abstract: Melissa Ng Mei-hang is a retired American Hong Kong television actress born in China. She had been under contract to the television station TVB since 1996 after coming second in the Miss Chinese International Pageant, retiring from acting in 2007. Ng speaks fluent English with an American accent, Cantonese, and Mandarin. She currently resides in Hong Kong.

text:
# Melissa Ng

**Melissa Ng Mei-hang** (born 9 February 1972) is a retired American Hong Kong television actress born in China. She had been under contract to the television station TVB since 1996 after coming second in the Miss Chinese International Pageant, retiring from acting in 2007. Ng speaks fluent English with an American accent, Cantonese, and Mandarin. She currently resides in Hong Kong.

## Early life and family

Ng was born in Guangdong, China, where both her parents were doctors. She and her family immigrated to San Francisco, California, when Ng was nine years old. Ng has two elder sisters and a younger sister. In 2007, Ng revealed that she has been married to a Taiwanese businessman since 2001.

## Acting career

After graduating with a major in international relations and a minor in marketing at San Francisco State University, Ng entered the Hong Kong entertainment industry in 1996, after placing 1st runner up in Miss Chinese International 1996; she represented San Francisco after she won Miss Chinatown USA in 1992.

She began playing minor guest roles before quickly being offered the second female lead in the late 1990s gaining popularity quickly. In early to late 2000s, she played a number of diverse female lead roles in many popular and critically acclaimed TVB series with positive reviews and praise from audiences. Her many series include *A Kindred Spirit*, *The Legend of Lady Yang*, *Secret of the Heart*, *Riches and Stitches*, *A Herbalist Affair*, *Healing Hands III*, *Into Thin Air.* Her 2006 series *La Femme Desperado* and *Love Guaranteed* received the best and 4th best TVB series ratings of the year respectively with the first winning the TVB Anniversary Award for Best Series.

In 2007, she confirmed the rumours that she had been married since 2001 and that she was expecting her first child, which led to her having to pull out of filming several series while on maternity leave. In 2008, while promoting The Master of Tai Chi, she stated that she plans to return and continue filming for TVB very soon. It was later confirmed by TVB that she ultimately made the decision to retire from acting and focus on her family. She has since kept a low profile.

## Pageant career

Ng was crowned Miss Chinatown USA 1992. After winning the Miss Chinatown USA Pageant based in the city of San Francisco, she represented San Francisco at Miss Chinese International 1996. Ng had an interview during the final night, where she challenged Eric Tsang, and was later crowned as 1st runner up. Due to her strong Cantonese and communication skills, she earned a contract with TVB. Ng was one of the emcee's for the 2002 Miss Chinese International Pageant.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1997 | *Dark Tales 2* |  | Supporting role |
| 1997 | *Untraceable Evidence* | Tam Wai Yan | Guest role |
| 1997 | *Detective Investigation Files III* | Yu Siu Yu | Guest role |
| 1998 | *A Place of One's Own* |  | Main cast |
| 1998 | *Burning Flame* | Ching Nga | Minor role |
| 1998 | *Secret of the Heart* | Kam Fung Yan (Jo) | Supporting role |
| 1998 | *Journey To The West II* |  | Cameo |
| 1999 | *Detective Investigation Files IV* | Chow Yeuk Mui / Lam Wing Hang | Guest role |
| 1999 | *Till When Do Us Part* | Amanda | Second lead role |
| 1999 | *A Kindred Spirit* | Law San Chiu | Supporting role |
| 2000 | *The Legend of Lady Yang* | Concubine Mui | Second lead role |
| 2000 | *A Matter of Customs* | Pao Kei-kwan | Supporting role |
| 2000 | *The Green Hope* | Shum Kai Kwan | Supporting role |
| 2000 | *Crimson Sabre* | Wan Yee/Wan Sin | Main cast |
| 2000 | *Death Trap ''Telemovie''* |  | Supporting role |
| 2001 | *ICAC Investigators 2000* | Anna | Main cast Part 1 out of 5 |
| 2001 | *Hope for Sale* | Yim Mei Chu | Second lead role |
| 2002 | *A Herbalist Affair* | Keung Sam Yuet | Main cast |
| 2002 | *Good Against Evil* | Yung Siu Dien | Supporting role |
| 2003 | *The King of Yesterday and Tomorrow* | Shum Yat-Oi (Rachel) | Second lead role |
| 2004 | *Riches and Stitches* | Lang Heung Ling | Main cast |
| 2004 | *The Conqueror's Story* | Consort Yu | Main cast |
| 2004 | *Dream of Colours* | Poon Bo Ling (Elaine) | Main cast |
| 2005 | *Fantasy Hotel* | Yung Ka Man | Lead role |
| 2005 | *Into Thin Air* | Lai Siu/Mok Wai Chi | Lead role |
| 2005 | *Healing Hands III* | Yip To (Sarah) | Main cast |
| 2006 | *La Femme Desperado* | Ko Chi Ling | Lead role |
| 2006 | *Love Guaranteed* | Kuk Yeuk Hei (Hazel) | Lead role |
| 2008 | *The Master of Tai Chi* | Song Ching | Lead role |
|

## Awards

* 1996 Miss Chinese International Pageant: First Runner Up
* 1992 Miss Chinatown USA Winner

Melissa Ng at IMDb

## InfoBox

| Melissa Ng | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Melissa Wu Mei-hang
(1972-02-09) 9 February 1972
Zhongshan, Guangdong, China |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | San Francisco State University |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1996–2008 |
| Spouse | Jerry Wang (2001–present) |
| Children | 2 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Chinese name | |
| Traditional Chinese | 吳美珩 |
| Simplified Chinese | 吴美珩 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Wú Měihéng  Yue: Cantonese  Jyutping Ng4 Mei5-hang4 | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Paracoptops papuana

abstract: Paracoptops papuana is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1939.

text:
# Paracoptops papuana

***Paracoptops papuana*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1939.

## InfoBox

| *Paracoptops papuana* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Paracoptops*** |
| Species: | ***P. papuana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Paracoptops papuana***<br>Breuning, 1939 | |
|


title: Otto Hettner

abstract: Hermann Otto Hettner was a German painter, illustrator, engraver, and sculptor, and a professor at the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts.

text:
# Otto Hettner

**Hermann Otto Hettner** (27 January 1875, in Dresden – 19 April 1931, in Dresden) was a German painter, illustrator, engraver, and sculptor, and a professor at the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts.

## Life

Otto Hettner was the son of the literary historian Hermann Theodor Hettner (1821–1882) and Anna Hettner (1838–1897), the oldest daughter of German painter August Grahl.

At the turn of the century, between 1897 and 1904, Hettner studied at the Academy of Fine Arts, Karlsruhe, with Robert Pötzelberger, and at the Académie Julian in Paris.

From 1904 to 1911, Hettner lived in Florence, where Jeanne Alexandrine Thibert (1878–1958) gave birth to his son Roland Hettner (1905–1978) on 26 October 1905. Roland later worked as an illustrator. In May 1907, Otto Hettner married Jeanne Thibert (1878–1958), a French woman, in London. Shortly thereafter, their daughter Sabine Hettner was born. As an adult, Sabine became a noted painter of landscapes and portraits.

With his family, Hettner returned to Dresden in 1913 and studied at the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts. In 1916 he became a member of the executive committee of the Free Secession, and the next year he became the director of the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts, where he worked as a professor and president from 1918 to 1927.

Hettner illustrated various books for renowned publishers of the time, including Avalun-Verlag, Marees-Gesellschaft, and Pan-Presse. Among his lithographic works are Hugo von Hofmannsthal’s *Florindo* and Miguel de Cervantes’s *La Galatea* (Avalun-Verlag) and Heinrich von Kleist’s *The Earthquake in Chile* (Pan-Presse).

## Notable works

* Hofmannsthal, Hugo von. *Florindo.*  Vienna: Avalun-Verlag, 1923. (illustrated by Hettner)
* Longus. *Daphnis und Chloe.*  Munich: Buchenau & Reichert, 1923. (illustrated by Hettner)

## Further reading

* Caspers, Eva. Paul Cassirer und die Pan-Presse : Ein Beitrag zur deutschen Buchillustration und Graphik im 20. Jahrhundert. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter, 1989.
* “Hettner, Otto.” Benezit Dictionary of Artists. Accessed May 3, 2017.
* “Hettner, Sabine.” Benezit Dictionary of Artists. Accessed May 3, 2017.
* Löffler, Fritz. “Hettner, Otto.” Neue Deutsche Biographie, Volume 9. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1972.
* Schenkenberg, Tamara. “‘Kriegszeit’ and ‘Der Bildermann,’ agents of German Kultur: Paul Cassirer's flying pages during the First World War.” PhD diss, 2014.


title: Gupteswar Cave

abstract: Gupteswar Cave is a cave shrine dedicated to Shiva. It is a pilgrim site situated about 55 km (34 mi) away Jeypore, Koraput District in the state of Odisha, India. It is a limestone cave, and its main attraction is the gigantic Shiva Linga which is said to be increasing in size. It is believed that the cave was discovered by Rama and re-discovered in the reign of Maharajah Veer Vikram Dev. In the holy month of Shravan, the cave is visited by devotees who walk to the shrine bare-footed with decorated bamboo palanquins called "Kanwadiya" and bathe in the maha kund before worshipping Lord Gupteshwar. There are 200 steps to reach to the Shiva linga temple. Its entrance is about 3 metres (9.8 ft) wide and 2 metres (6.6 ft) high.

text:
# Gupteswar Cave

**Gupteswar Cave** is a cave shrine dedicated to Shiva. It is a pilgrim site situated about 55 km (34 mi) away Jeypore, Koraput District in the state of Odisha, India. It is a limestone cave, and its main attraction is the gigantic Shiva Linga which is said to be increasing in size. It is believed that the cave was discovered by Rama and re-discovered in the reign of Maharajah Veer Vikram Dev. In the holy month of Shravan, the cave is visited by devotees who walk to the shrine bare-footed with decorated bamboo palanquins called "Kanwadiya" and bathe in the maha kund before worshipping Lord Gupteshwar. There are 200 steps to reach to the Shiva linga temple. Its entrance is about 3 metres (9.8 ft) wide and 2 metres (6.6 ft) high.

## Legend

Surrounded by a dense forest of sal trees and flanked by the Kolab river, a 2 metres (6.6 ft) high lingam stands in the cave. The shrine is called "Gupteswar" which means the "God in hiding" because the lingam remained undiscoverable for a long time. One can reach it by climbing the 200 steps flanked with rows of champak trees. There are also several other caves nearby. Inside the second cave, there is a large stalactite. People worship it as the udder of God Kamadhenu (the divine cow) and wait under it with outstretched palms to collect drops of water which fall only at long intervals.

Popularly known as "Gupta Kedar" in the vicinity, this sacred place is associated with the Hindu god, Lord Shri Rama. The nearby hill has been named "Ramagiri". According to tradition, the lingam was first discovered by Lord Rama when he was roaming in the Dandakaranya forest with wife Sita and brother Lakshman, and named the deity in the cave as "Gupteshwar". The poet Kalidas too, described the scenic beauty of Ramgiri forest where the cave temple is referred to in his famous *Meghadutam*.

However, as the time passed, the temple was again lost in obscurity but in the 17th century, the Shiva lingam was discovered by a hunter who then informed about it to Maharajah Veer Vikram Dev, who was the king of that region and recently shifted his capital from Nandapur to the newly formed, Jeypore. King Veer Vikram paid a visit to the cave and was mesmerized by the grandiosity of the majestic lingam and the magnificent natural surroundings. He appointed priests in the cave temple and started a tradition of making a foot journey to the cave of Lord Gupteswar during the holy month of Shraavana which is performed by the people of the erstwhile kingdom to this day. Since then the lingam has been worshipped by the tribes and locals of Koraput region. In Shivaratri (a Hindu festival) Gupteswar Temple draws over 200,000 devotees from Odisha, Andhra Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. People suffering from incurable diseases come here to worship the god and remain here for months in the hope of getting cured.

18°49′21″N 82°10′02″E / 18.822571°N 82.167325°E / 18.822571; 82.167325

## InfoBox

| Gupteshwar Mahadev | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Hinduism |
| Deity | Shiva |
| Festivals | Mahashivaratri |
| Location | |
| Location | Odisha |
| Country | India |
| Location in OdishaLocation in India | |
| Geographic coordinates | 18°49′21″N 82°10′02″E / 18.822571°N 82.167325°E / 18.822571; 82.167325 |
| Architecture | |
| Type | Cave Temple |
| Creator | Veer Vikram Dev |
| Completed | mid 17th century |
| Specifications | |
| Temple(s) | 2 |
| Elevation | 698.96 m (2,293 ft) |


title: Jennifer Malat

abstract: Jennifer Malat is an American sociologist. She is dean of the College of Arts & Sciences at the University of New Mexico.

text:
# Jennifer Malat

**Jennifer Malat** is an American sociologist. She is dean of the College of Arts & Sciences at the University of New Mexico.

## Early life and education

Malat was raised in Rochester, Minnesota and attended the University of Minnesota for her Bachelor of Science degree in sociology. She then traveled to Michigan to earn her Master's degree and PhD in sociology from the University of Michigan.

## Career

Upon receiving her PhD, Malat joined the faculty of the Department of Sociology at the University of Cincinnati as an assistant professor in 2000. She was promoted to associate professor in 2006 and full professor in 2014. Malat’s research examines how racial inequity affects health.

In 2011, she was appointed director of the University of Cincinnati's Kunz Center for Social Research. Later, Malat co-founded The Cincinnati Project with Earl Wright II in 2013 and served as its founding director until 2020. The project was a research initiative aimed at promoting equity throughout the city. In 2016, Malat served as the first associate dean-- later, the title was changed to divisional dean-- for the social sciences in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Cincinnati.

In 2020, Malat left her position at the University of Cincinnati for Virginia Commonwealth University. She first served as dean of the College of Humanities and Sciences. Then in 2022, she joined the Office of Development and Alumni Relations to support senior leaders' efforts to ensure an inclusive approach to philanthropy at Virginia Commonwealth University.

In 2023, Malat was appointed dean of the College of Arts & Sciences at the University of New Mexico, and she began her term on August 21, 2023.

## InfoBox

| Jennifer Malat | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Minneapolis, Minnesota, US |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Education | BS, University of Minnesota
MA, PhD, University of Michigan |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Sociologist |
| Institutions | University of New Mexico
Virginia Commonwealth University
University of Cincinnati |
|  | |


abstract:
N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-(N⁶-glycyl)-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenyl-N-acetylglucosamine:glycine glycyltransferase is an enzyme with systematic name N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-(N⁶-glycyl)-D-alanyl-D-alanine-ditrans,octacis-diphosphoundecaprenyl-N-acetylglucosamine:glycine glycyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
  - N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(N⁶-glycyl)-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl-N-acetylglucosamine + 2 glycyl-tRNA ⇌ N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(N⁶-triglycyl)-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl-N-acetylglucosamine + 2 tRNA This enzyme catalyses the successive transfer of two glycine moieties from charged tRNAs to N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(N⁶-glycyl)-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenyl-N-acetylglucosamine.

text:
# N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-(N6-glycyl)-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenyl-N-acetylglucosamine:glycine glycyltransferase

**N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-(N6-glycyl)-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenyl-N-acetylglucosamine:glycine glycyltransferase** (EC 2.3.2.17, *femA (gene)*) is an enzyme with systematic name *N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-(N6-glycyl)-D-alanyl-D-alanine-ditrans,octacis-diphosphoundecaprenyl-N-acetylglucosamine:glycine glycyltransferase*. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(N6-glycyl)-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl-N-acetylglucosamine + 2 glycyl-tRNA $\rightleftharpoons $ N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(N6-triglycyl)-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl-N-acetylglucosamine + 2 tRNA

This enzyme catalyses the successive transfer of two glycine moieties from charged tRNAs to N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(N6-glycyl)-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenyl-N-acetylglucosamine.

## InfoBox

| N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-(N6-glycyl)-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenyl-N-acetylglucosamine:glycine glycyltransferase | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| EC no. | 2.3.2.17 |
| Databases | |
| IntEnz | IntEnz view |
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry |
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view |
| KEGG | KEGG entry |
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway |
| PRIAM | profile |
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum |
| Search  PMC articles  PubMed articles  NCBI proteins | |


title: Queen Alexandra College

abstract: Queen Alexandra College (QAC) is an independent specialist college of further education based in Harborne, Birmingham for students above the age of sixteen with visual impairment, autism and other disabilities. Students can develop their academic, social, employment and independent skills through individualised programmes. QAC also offers many leisure activities. Its registered charity number 1065794. The Bradbury Centre, opened in September 2006, houses a sensory My-Space area, a well equipped Art and Design studio, The Job Shop, Learning Resource Centre, Creative and Media studio and various preparation for life base rooms. The Bradbury Sports Hall, completed in 2014, is a sports facility providing all students access to a broad range of disabled and non-disabled sports. The facility is used at evening and at weekends by the local community for various activities.

text:
# Queen Alexandra College

**Queen Alexandra College** (**QAC**) is an independent specialist college of further education based in Harborne, Birmingham for students above the age of sixteen with visual impairment, autism and other disabilities. Students can develop their academic, social, employment and independent skills through individualised programmes. QAC also offers many leisure activities. Its registered charity number 1065794.

The Bradbury Centre, opened in September 2006, houses a sensory My-Space area, a well equipped Art and Design studio, The Job Shop, Learning Resource Centre, Creative and Media studio and various preparation for life base rooms.

The Bradbury Sports Hall, completed in 2014, is a sports facility providing all students access to a broad range of disabled and non-disabled sports. The facility is used at evening and at weekends by the local community for various activities.

## Programmes

QAC offers numerous learning programmes.

| Programme | Qualifications |
| --- | --- |
| Pre-Entry and Entry Level Programmes | Accredited and non-accredited (RARPA) learning programmes in Preparation for Life and Work programmes. Holistic study programmes which may also include a range of therapies to support learning and achievement. |
| Arts | Qualifications in Art and Design, Performing arts and Creative and Media |
| Trades and Motor Vehicles | Accredited and non-accredited (RARPA) learning programmes in valeting, car maintenance, woodwork, tiling, basic manufacturing skills, plastering and painting. |
| Health, Public Services and Care | Qualifications in Health and Social Care |
| Information and Communication Technologies | Qualifications in IT |
| Hospitality and Sports | Qualifications in Hospitality and Sport and Active Leisure, |
| QAC has also offers Supported Internships as a progression route for young people into work - this takes the form of a study programme. QAC was the only specialist college in England to be part of the initial DfE Supported Internship development programme 3 years ago and has continued to offer this programme ever since. |
|

## Activities

QAC organises leisure activities outside college time including exercising in the Feelgood Fitness Centre, five-a-side football, soccer training, athletics training and competitions, 'fitsu' (portmanteau of fitness and jujutsu), goalball, swimming club and other related activities, such as ten-pin bowling at Tenpin, Star City, ice skating, pool tournaments and climbing. Other activities it organises include cinema (especially at Cineworld), premiership football matches, concerts (especially at the NIA and the NEC), karaoke, residential visits, outward bound expeditions and music club.

## History

Queen Alexandra College grew out of the Birmingham Royal Institution for the Blind. In 1958, the BRIB opened a facility named the Queen Alexandra Technical College for the Blind was opened; this facility eventually became QAC's current campus. In 1997, operation of QAC was transferred from BRIB to an independent charitable company.

1. "BRIB Profile". Archived from the original on 6 March 2010. Retrieved 22 February 2010.

52°27′36″N 1°57′57″W / 52.4599°N 1.9658°W / 52.4599; -1.9658

## InfoBox

| Queen Alexandra College | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| Court Oak Road
Birmingham, West Midlands, B17 9TG
England | |
| Information | |
| Type | Further education college |
| Established | 1904 |
| Department for Education URN | 131963 Tables |
| Ofsted | Reports |
| Principal & CEO | Bev Jessop |
| Age | 16 to 25 |
| Enrolment | 270 |
| Website | http://www.qac.ac.uk/ |


title: Gérard Balanche

abstract: Gérard Balanche is a Swiss ski jumper who competed from 1985 to 1989. He finished eighth in the team large hill event at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary. Balanche finished 34th in the individual normal hill event at the 1989 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Lahti. His best World Cup career finish was third in a large hill event in Norway in 1985.

text:
# Gérard Balanche

**Gérard Balanche** (born 18 January 1964) is a Swiss ski jumper who competed from 1985 to 1989. He finished eighth in the team large hill event at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary. Balanche finished 34th in the individual normal hill event at the 1989 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Lahti. His best World Cup career finish was third in a large hill event in Norway in 1985.

## InfoBox

| Gérard Balanche | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1964-01-18) January 18, 1964<br>Switzerland |


title: Merion Mercy Academy

abstract: Merion Mercy Academy is a female Catholic, college preparatory school, teaching grades 9 through 12, sponsored by the Sisters of Mercy located in Merion, Pennsylvania, just outside Philadelphia. It is an independent school located in the Archdiocese of Philadelphia and was previously known as the "Mater Misericordiae Academy" prior to 1968.

text:
# Merion Mercy Academy

**Merion Mercy Academy** is a female Catholic, college preparatory school, teaching grades 9 through 12, sponsored by the Sisters of Mercy located in Merion, Pennsylvania, just outside Philadelphia. It is an independent school located in the Archdiocese of Philadelphia and was previously known as the "Mater Misericordiae Academy" prior to 1968.

## History

Significant changes have taken place from 1987 to the present. Recent events include the merger of the lower school with Waldron Academy for Boys next door in 1987, thereby giving the entire 72,000-square-foot (6,700 m2) Merion Mercy building, built in 1954, to the education of high school girls. The new grade school was named Waldron Mercy Academy. Academically, the school earned a Blue Ribbon School of Excellence Award in 1996 as recognition from the United States Department of Education.

A 27,000-square-foot (2,500 m2) addition to the MMA building in 2003 added a new chapel, administrative offices, classrooms and meeting rooms, new athletic facilities, and a study center for students. Some other significant renovations took place in the summer of 2004. The school's principal from 2007 to 2018 was Sister Barbara Buckley, who is also an alumna. The current head of school is Marianne Grace, a former chair of the Board of Trustees, and previous Director of Operation.

## Athletics

Merion Mercy joined the Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association (PIAA) in 1994 for scholastic athletic competition. The very next year the basketball team won the state PIAA Class AA championship. Continuing their success, the track and field team won the PIAA state championship in 1998 and in 2001, and the volleyball team won the PIAA state championship in 2001 and 2003. The volleyball team earned back-to-back-to-back-to-back state championships in 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010. The crew team won the Groton Cup at the Henley Regatta in 2011 and both the Freshmen 8 and Varsity 4 won Stotesbury in 2012. The building houses the Patricia Waldron Fitness Center.

## Notable alumnae

## Notes and references

## InfoBox

| Merion Mercy Academy
Mater Misericordiae Academy | |
| --- | --- |
| Merion Mercy Academy | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 511 Montgomery Avenue
Merion, (Montgomery County), Pennsylvania 19066
United States | |
| Coordinates | 40°0′34″N 75°15′1″W / 40.00944°N 75.25028°W / 40.00944; -75.25028 |
| Information | |
| Type | Private |
| Religious affiliation(s) | Roman Catholic |
| Established | 1884 |
| Head of school | Marianne Grace |
| Faculty | 41 |
| Grades | -12 |
| Gender | Girls |
| Enrollment | 401 (2021-22) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 10:1 |
| Campus type | Suburban |
| Color(s) | Blue and Gold |
| Athletics conference | PIAA |
| Mascot | Golden Bear |
| Rival | Mount Saint Joseph Academy |
| Accreditation | Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools |
| Publication | *Image Explosion* (literary magazine) |
| Newspaper | *Ricordia* |
| Yearbook | *Meriannal* |
| Affiliation | Sisters of Mercy |
| Athletic Director | Shannon Fisher |
| Website | www.merion-mercy.com |


title: Mohammad Asad (cricketer)

abstract: Mohammad Asad, born on 19 March 2000 is a Pakistani cricketer. who has represented his country in international competitions. In November 2019, he was selected to be part of Pakistan's squad for the 2019 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup in Bangladesh. He made his List A debut for Pakistan, in a match against Sri Lanka, during the Emerging Teams Cup on 16 November 2019.

text:
# Mohammad Asad (cricketer)

**Mohammad Asad,** born on 19 March 2000 is a Pakistani cricketer. who has represented his country in international competitions. In November 2019, he was selected to be part of Pakistan's squad for the 2019 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup in Bangladesh. He made his List A debut for Pakistan, in a match against Sri Lanka, during the Emerging Teams Cup on 16 November 2019.

## InfoBox

Mohammad Asad
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (2000-03-19) 19 March 2000<br>Swabi, Pakistan |
| Source: Cricinfo, 14 November 2019 | |


title: Paracoptops

abstract:
Paracoptops is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:
  - Paracoptops basalis
  - Paracoptops caledonica Breuning, 1942
  - Paracoptops djampeanus Breuning, 1960
  - Paracoptops isabellae Gilmour, 1947
  - Paracoptops papuana Breuning, 1939
  - Paracoptops toxopoei Aurivillius, 1926

text:
# Paracoptops

***Paracoptops*** is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:

## InfoBox

| *Paracoptops* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Subfamily: | Lamiinae |
| Genus: | ***Paracoptops*** |
|


title: Rebecca Hargrave Malamud

abstract: Rebecca Lynne Malamud, also known as Rebecca Pranger, Rebecca Fowler, and Rebecca Hargrave, is an American photographer and website designer. She creates new work at her Point B Studio in Port Orford, Oregon. She attended Nashville State Technical Institute and Florida School of the Arts in the 1980s. In 1993, she co-founded her own design and web development firm called enviro|media. In 1996, she designed the website Internet 1996 World Exposition with her husband Carl Malamud, working remotely from her office in Cincinnati, Ohio, with a team of artists, writers, programmers and photographers around the globe. In 1998, she was creative director of Invisible Worlds, where she received four NewMedia INVISION awards. In 2000, she joined the Internet Multicasting Service. In 2006, she founded the Rural Design Collective. As of 2005, Malamud resides in Sixes, Oregon.

text:
# Rebecca Hargrave Malamud

**Rebecca Lynne Malamud**, also known as **Rebecca Pranger**, **Rebecca Fowler**, and **Rebecca Hargrave**, is an American photographer and website designer. She creates new work at her Point B Studio in Port Orford, Oregon.

She attended Nashville State Technical Institute and Florida School of the Arts in the 1980s. In 1993, she co-founded her own design and web development firm called *enviro|media.* In 1996, she designed the website Internet 1996 World Exposition with her husband Carl Malamud, working remotely from her office in Cincinnati, Ohio, with a team of artists, writers, programmers and photographers around the globe. In 1998, she was creative director of Invisible Worlds, where she received four NewMedia INVISION awards. In 2000, she joined the Internet Multicasting Service. In 2006, she founded the Rural Design Collective.

As of 2005, Malamud resides in Sixes, Oregon.


title: Jensen!

abstract: Jensen! is a Dutch late-night talk show on the television station RTL 5. It airs on weekdays from 22:30 to 23:30 CET during winter, 20:30 to 21:30 UTC during summer. The show's creator, anchorman Robert Jensen, also acted as its producer and host. In addition to various Dutch celebrities who accounted for the majority of the show's guests, Jensen often welcomed international celebrities who were interviewed in English with subtitles in Dutch. On 29 March 2007, Jensen! became a subject of controversy in the United States as the show's guest that day, Snoop Dogg, delivered a few uncensored profanities directed at American TV host Bill O'Reilly.

text:
# Jensen!

***Jensen!*** is a Dutch late-night talk show on the television station RTL 5. It airs on weekdays from 22:30 to 23:30 CET during winter, 20:30 to 21:30 UTC during summer.

The show's creator, anchorman Robert Jensen, also acted as its producer and host. In addition to various Dutch celebrities who accounted for the majority of the show's guests, Jensen often welcomed international celebrities who were interviewed in English with subtitles in Dutch.

On 29 March 2007, *Jensen!* became a subject of controversy in the United States as the show's guest that day, Snoop Dogg, delivered a few uncensored profanities directed at American TV host Bill O'Reilly.

## International guests on *Jensen!*

## InfoBox

| *Jensen!* | |
| --- | --- |
| The decor of Jensen! in 2018 | |
| Genre |  |
| Created by | Robert Jensen |
| Presented by | Robert Jensen |
| Country of origin | Netherlands |
| Original language | Dutch |
| No. of seasons | 16 |
| No. of episodes | 4,261 |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Robert Jensen |
| Production location | * Amsterdam |
| Camera setup | Multi-camera |
| Running time | 45 minutes (with commercials) |
| Original release | |
| Network | RTL 5 |
| Release | March 15, 2002 (2002-03-15) <br>November 9, 2018 (2018-11-09) |


abstract: Queens-Shelburne is a provincial electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada, that elects one member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. The riding was created in 2012 with 89 per cent of the former district of Queens, 46 per cent of the former district of Shelburne and 1 per cent of the former district of Digby-Annapolis. It consists of the towns of Lockeport and Shelburne, the Municipality of the District of Shelburne, and the Region of Queens Municipality.

text:
# Queens-Shelburne (provincial electoral district)

**Queens-Shelburne** is a provincial electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada, that elects one member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. The riding was created in 2012 with 89 per cent of the former district of Queens, 46 per cent of the former district of Shelburne and 1 per cent of the former district of Digby-Annapolis. It consists of the towns of Lockeport and Shelburne, the Municipality of the District of Shelburne, and the Region of Queens Municipality.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

This riding has elected the following members of the Legislative Assembly:

| Legislature | Years | Member | | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 63rd | 2017–2021 |  | Kim Masland | Progressive Conservative |
| 62nd | 2013–2017 |  | Sterling Belliveau | New Democratic Party |

## Election results

### 2017

| 2017 Nova Scotia general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Kim Masland | 3,244 | 43.82 | +11.33 |
|  | Liberal | Vernon Oickle | 2,303 | 31.11 | +3.25 |
|  | New Democratic | John Davis | 1,581 | 21.36 | -15.74 |
|  | Green | Kathleen Milan | 275 | 3.71 | +1.16 |
| Total valid votes | | | 7,403 | 100 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 25 | 0.34 | -0.31 |
| Turnout | | | 7,428 | 53.20 | -6.78 |
| Eligible voters | | | 13,961 |
|  | Progressive Conservative **gain** from New Democratic | | Swing | | +4.04 |
| Source: Elections Nova Scotia | | | | | | |

### 2013

2013 Nova Scotia general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | New Democratic Party | Sterling Belliveau | 3,066 | 37.10 | N/A |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Bruce Inglis | 2,685 | 32.49 | N/A |
|  | Liberal | Benson Frail | 2,302 | 27.86 | N/A |
|  | Green | Madeline Taylor | 211 | 2.55 | N/A |
| Total valid votes | | | 8,264 | 100.0 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 54 | 0.65 |
| Turnout | | | 8,318 | 59.98 |
| Eligible voters | | | 13,868 |

## InfoBox

Queens-Shelburne
| Nova Scotia electoral district | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Defunct provincial electoral district | |
| Legislature | Nova Scotia House of Assembly |
| District created | 2012 |
| District abolished | 2021 |
| Last contested | 2017 |
| Demographics | |
| Population (2016) | 17,479 |
| Electors (2017) | 14,099 |
| Area (km²) | 4,518.00 |
| Census division(s) | Shelburne County, Queens County |
| Census subdivision(s) | The Town of Lockeport, Town of Shelburne, Municipality of the District of Shelburne, Region of Queens Municipality |