title: National Bowl

abstract: The National Bowl is an entertainment venue located in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England. The site was a former clay pit, filled in and raised to form an amphitheatre using sub-soil excavated by the many new developments in the area. It has a maximum capacity of 65,000. The arena is open-air grassland, without seats.

text:
# National Bowl

The **National Bowl** (originally the **Milton Keynes Bowl**) is an entertainment venue located in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England. The site was a former clay pit (for brick-making), filled in and raised to form an amphitheatre using sub-soil excavated by the many new developments in the area. It has a maximum capacity of 65,000. The arena is open-air grassland, without seats.

## History

The venue opened in 1979, with gigs by Desmond Dekker and Geno Washington.

In 1992, Sony/Pace bought the venue and re-branded it as the *National Bowl*, building a massive permanent sound stage. They pulled out in 1996 citing profitability reasons.

English Partnerships, which merged with the Homes and Communities Agency in 2008, bought the site in 2000. From 2006 to 2010, it was leased to a Gaming International/Live Nation UK consortium.

## Development plans

### 2006 development plans

On 23 January 2006, Gaming International/Live Nation won a further lease in a competitive tender. The consortium made proposals for major developments in a a development summary leaflet (previously linked from the 'Backstage' section of the National Bowl website, now removed).

Gaming International handed The Bowl back to Milton Keynes Partnership towards the end of 2010 – so it is unlikely that any of the plans outlined in 2006 will ever be undertaken – apart from a temporary structure built close to The Bowl in summer 2010 which has a temporary three-year planning permission.

### 2013 proposed plans

In December 2011, Milton Keynes Council officially adopted proposals to make Milton Keynes an “International Sporting City” which included ambitious plans to redevelop the National Bowl into an international-standard sports training base suitable for hosting visiting international teams when they played at Stadium MK or elsewhere in the UK and also as a permanent home for MK Dons.

Milton Keynes Council agreed to fund the training complex as part of a property deal with Inter MK, a property development company owned by MK Dons chairman Peter Winkelman, on land owned by the Council in Newport Pagnell that was earmarked for housing development and expected to increase substantially in value when planning permission was given. The funding plan involved sale of the site to Inter MK for £2 million, with half of any increase in the value of the site being used to fund the training ground development and the remainder being returned to the Council. However, this plan was abandoned in early 2014 following some local residents beginning judicial review proceedings against the Council on the basis that the plan involved illegal state aid to Inter MK.

Milton Keynes Council consulted on these plans in 2013 before ultimately deciding not to pursue the proposals the following year.

### 2014 proposed plans

In February 2014, the BBC reported that an investment company had proposed a new development at the site of Milton Keynes Bowl. This was planned to include the UK's largest water park, and a range of sports facilities and enhancements to the arena. In July 2015, the investment firm leading the proposal announced that it would not proceed with the plan.

### 20192023 proposed plans

In June 2019, Milton Keynes Council replaced the previous objective in its Council Plan to "Revitalise MK Bowl" with an objective to "Support the MK Dons in delivering a high-standard training ground and academy".

This allowed a deal to be agreed in September 2019 between Milton Keynes Council and Inter MK Limited for the National Bowl to be converted into a sports training ground facility partly funded by the Section 106 contributions from enabling commercial and leisure development at the site.

This returned to the 2013 proposals which Milton Keynes Council had decided not to pursue. It followed the sale by Inter MK of land in Newport Pagnell to Milton Keynes Council for £11 million in July 2018.

Inter MK is expected to lodge its planning application with Milton Keynes Council by the end of 2020.

In February 2023, Inter MK said that it had been granted planning permission for two full-sized football pitches and training grids on the site, "with plans to still hold concerts at the site in future".

## Recordings

## Location

class=notpageimage|National Bowl, on Watling Street and Chaffron Way
zoom in
The Bowl is in south central Milton Keynes, at the junction of Watling Street with Chaffron Way, just north of Bletchley. Parking on site (MK5 8AA) is very limited so fans are encouraged to arrive by public transport. In addition to the shuttle buses from Milton Keynes Central railway station, it is also an easy walk (about 2 km (1.2 mi)) from the station using Sustrans National Cycle Route 51 from the south side of the station building.

52°01′07″N 0°45′38″W / 52.018606°N 0.760589°W / 52.018606; -0.760589

## InfoBox

National Bowl
| Muse performing at the Bowl in 2023 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Former names | Milton Keynes Bowl (1979–1992) |
| Location | Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England |
| Owner | Homes England |
| Operator | Gaming International/Live Nation UK |
| Type | Stadium Amphitheatre |
| Capacity | 65,000 |
| Construction | |
| Opened | 1979 |
| Renovated | 2012 |
| Website | |
| www.thenationalbowl.net | |


title: Milton Karisa

abstract: Milton Karisa is a Ugandan professional footballer who plays as a right winger for Uganda Premier League club Vipers and the Uganda national team.

text:
# Milton Karisa

**Milton Karisa** (born 27 July 1995) is a Ugandan professional footballer who plays as a right winger for Uganda Premier League club Vipers and the Uganda national team.

## Club career

### BUL FC

In 2013, Milton joined Bul FC from Jinja Municipal Football Club. He made his debut for the club against Kansai Plascon FC (formerly known as Sadolin Paints FC) in 2013, while he scored his first goal against Kiira Young FC at Namboole Stadium.

### Vipers SC

Milton joined Vipers S.C. in January 2017. He made his team debut against Lweza FC at Namboole Stadium in a game that tended 2–0 in favour of Vipers where Milton made an assist. Milton scored his first goal for Vipers on 10 March 2017 against Platinum Stars at St. Mary\`s Stadium in a CAF Confederation Cup qualifier. It was a historic goal on the day Vipers opened their new stadium, St Mary’s in Kitende.

### MC Oujda

Milton joined MC Oujda in September 2018 on a two-year contract. On 22 September 2018, he made his team debut against Kawkab AC Marrakech at the Marrakesh Stadium, with Milton scoring in the match.

### Return to Vipers SC

In January 2020, Milton returned to Vipers. On 25 February, he scored a goal and assisted another in Vipers' 5–0 home win against Maroons FC.

## International career

Milton made his debut for the Uganda national team against Kenya in a 1–1 friendly draw at Machakos Stadium on 23 March 2017.

### International goals

*Scores and results list Uganda's goal tally first.*

| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | 12 November 2017 | Stade Alphonse Massemba-Débat, Brazzaville, Congo | Congo | **1**–1 | 1–1 | 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 2. | 7 December 2017 | Bukhungu Stadium, Kakamega, Kenya | South Sudan | **1**–0 | 5–1 | 2017 CECAFA Cup |
| 3. | 18 January 2022 | Titanic Sports Center - Field 1, Belek, Turkey | Moldova | **3**–2 | 3–2 | Friendly |
| 4. | 27 January 2022 | Bahrain National Stadium, Riffa, Bahrain | Bahrain | **1**–0 | 1–3 | Friendly |
| 5. | 8 June 2022 | St. Mary's Stadium-Kitende, Entebbe, Uganda | Niger | **1**–0 | 1–1 | 2023 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |
| 6. | 18 January 2023 | 19 May 1956 Stadium, Annaba, Algeria | Senegal | **1**–0 | 1–0 | 2022 African Nations Championship |

## Honours

### Club

**Vipers SC**

2018 2017–18, 2019–20

## InfoBox

Milton Karisa
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1995-07-27) 27 July 1995 | | |
| Place of birth | Jinja, Jinja District, Uganda | | |
| Height | 1.76 m (5 ft 9 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Winger | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Vipers | | |
| Number | 29 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 2011–2013 | JMC | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2013–2016 | BUL | 27 | (13) |
| 2016–2018 | Vipers | 42 | (17) |
| 2018–2019 | MC Oujda | 22 | (4) |
| 2020– | Vipers | 3 | (1) |
| International career | | | |
| 2017 | Uganda | 42 | (6) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 13:48, 26 December 2019 (UTC)<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 8 June 2022 | | | |


title: Mordella chevrolati

abstract: Mordella chevrolati is a species of beetle in the genus Mordella of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1891.

text:
# Mordella chevrolati

***Mordella chevrolati*** is a species of beetle in the genus *Mordella* of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1891.

## InfoBox

| *Mordella chevrolati* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Subfamily: | Mordellinae |
| Tribe: | Mordellini |
| Genus: | *Mordella* |
| Species: | ***M. chevrolati*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordella chevrolati***<br>Champion, 1891 | |
|


title: Flora Arca Mata

abstract: Flora Arca Mata was an American teacher in Stockton, California. She became the first Filipino American teacher in California. In 2019, a new elementary school was named after her in the Stockton Unified School District.

text:
# Flora Arca Mata

**Flora Arca Mata** (December 19, 1917 – September 11, 2013) was an American teacher in Stockton, California. She became the first Filipino American teacher in California. In 2019, a new elementary school was named after her in the Stockton Unified School District.

## Biography

Mata was born in Honolulu, to Jose Arca and Victoria Salcedo, who were from Cavite and Bacolod respectively. Mata's family moved to Stockton when she was two; they were attracted to Stockton because of Little Manila, which had one of the largest Filipino communities in the United States at the time. She was the second youngest of six siblings. While baptized a Roman Catholic, as a child she attended an interfaith Protestant church, and converted to Protestantism. In 1930, her father who was working as a labor contractor, died in an automobile accident.

Funded by an older sister, who was working as a farmworker, Mata attended college at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). While at UCLA, she got to know her fellow student Jackie Robinson. She became the first Filipino American to graduate from UCLA. She married her classmate Vidal Mata. The then-Dean of UCLA encouraged both of them to move to Hawaii, due to the difficulty of educated Filipinos to be hired as professionals in California during that time. After graduating in 1940 she worked as a tutor and domestic worker for the Dorrance family; her husband worked for Boris Karloff. Later that year, they moved to the Philippines, where they sought jobs as teachers. They remained in the Philippines during World War II and returned to the United States afterward with Karloff's assistance.

In 1948, Mata was hired as a teacher by the Stockton Unified School District; she became the first Filipino American teacher in California. Throughout her career, Mata taught in schools outside of north Stockton, as it was uncommon for minority teachers to teach in schools in north Stockton. In 1980, Mata retired, yet continued to substitute teach well into the rest of the decade.

In 2013, Mata died, survived by two children, and twenty one grandchildren and great-grandchildren, one of whom is a kindergarten teacher.

## Legacy

In late 2019, through the efforts of the Filipino American community, a new elementary school in the Quail Lakes neighborhood of Stockton was named after Mata. The efforts were led by the organization Little Manila Rising, who initially placed her name as an option for the new school.

## InfoBox

| Flora Arca Mata | |
| --- | --- |
| Mata in 2009 | |
| Born | December 19, 1917
Honolulu, Hawaii |
| Died | September 11, 2013(2013-09-11) (aged 95)
Stockton, California |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Teacher |
| Known for | First Filipino American teacher in California |
| Spouse | Vidal Mata |
| Children | 2 |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater | University of California, Los Angeles |
|  | |


title: Half Way Home (album)

abstract: Half-Way Home is the debut album by English progressive rock band DeeExpus. It was recorded throughout 2007 by band founder and leader Andy Ditchfield, but features contributions from other musicians. It was released in 2008 and Ditchfield put together a band to tour the album. During the tour supporting this album, the band's show at the Progrock 2009 festival was recorded for a live album and DVD. This was released in 2009 and titled Far From Home.

text:
# Half Way Home (album)

***Half-Way Home*** is the debut album by English progressive rock band DeeExpus. It was recorded throughout 2007 by band founder and leader Andy Ditchfield, but features contributions from other musicians. It was released in 2008 and Ditchfield put together a band to tour the album.

During the tour supporting this album, the band's show at the Progrock 2009 festival was recorded for a live album and DVD. This was released in 2009 and titled *Far From Home*.

## Track listing

1. Greed (Ditchfield)
2. Pointless Child (Ditchfield)
3. PTtee (Ditchfield)
4. One Eight (Ditchfield)
5. One Day (Ditchfield)
6. Seven Nights (Ditchfield)
7. Half Way Home (Ditchfield/Wright)

## Credits (directly from sleeve notes)

* Andy Ditchfield - Lead/Rhythm/Acoustic Guitars; Bass Guitars; Keyboards; Piano; Drums; Backing Vocals; Programming
* Tony Wright - Lead/Backing Vocals

With:

* Phil Sloane - Guitar Solo (Tracks 1 and 4); Additional Guitar (4)
* Steve Wright - Guitar Solo (7)
* Ian Raine - Additional Bass Guitar (7)
* Mike Henderson - Keyboard Solo (3)

### Band Credited in sleeve notes

* Tony Wright - Lead Vocals
* Phil Sloane - Lead/Rhythm Guitars
* Andy Ditchfield - Lead/Rhythm Guitars; Keyboards
* Ian Raine - Bass Guitars
* Leigh Crowther - Drums

## InfoBox

| Half-Way Home | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by DeeExpus | |
| Released | 2008 |
| Recorded | 2007 |
| Genre | Progressive Rock |
| Label | DXP Productions |
| Producer | Andy Ditchfield |
| DeeExpus chronology | |
| ***Half-Way Home***
(2008) *Far From Home*
(2009) | |


title: Pascal Convert

abstract: Pascal Convert is a French visual artist. He has made sculpture, installations and videos, and has published several books. He is perhaps best known for his monument to the hostages and Resistance fighters who were shot at Mont Valérien during World War II (1939–45).

text:
# Pascal Convert

**Pascal Convert** (born 1957) is a French visual artist. He has made sculpture, installations and videos, and has published several books. He is perhaps best known for his monument to the hostages and Resistance fighters who were shot at Mont Valérien during World War II (1939–45).

## Career

Pascal Convert was born in 1957 in Mont-de-Marsan. He originally studied literature rather than art. He lives and works in Biarritz. He began to exhibit in 1984. Convert has made sculpture, installation art, video and documentaries. From 1989 to 1990 he was resident in the Villa Medici in Rome. For many years Convert taught at a technical college in Bayonne. He is the subject of a book *La Demeure, la souche: L’Apparentement de l’artiste* (1998) by Georges Didi-Huberman.

In 2002 Convert received a commission from the French state to create a monument to the hostages and French Resistance fighters shot at Mont Valérien between 1941 and 1944. The *Mémorial de la France combattante* is an important site for commemorating the French Resistance during World War II (1939–45), with a ceremony attended by the president of France held on 18 June each year. However, there was no monument to those shot at Mont Valerien, since many were foreign, Communist or Jewish. After some delay, the controversial monument was inaugurated by prime minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin in September 2003.

Convert made a documentary film, *Mont Valérien, aux noms des fusillés* (2003). The film tells the story of the Mont Valérien monument and the *résistants* whom it honors. Convert contrasts the Mont Valérien of the Gaullist ceremonies, exalting the FFI resistance, and the place where the firing squads executed their victims. The film portrays the *résistants* in humanistic terms, as individuals who may be emulated but are not utterly different from other people. In 2007 Convert published a historical biography of Joseph Epstein ("Colonel Gilles"), a leader of the *Franc Tireurs Partisans* (FTP) in the Île-de-France who was shot at Mont Valérien in 1944. During his research he made a fourth crystal sculpture named *Le temps scellé* and a documentary film *Joseph Epstein, bon pour la légende*.

Convert made a sculpture commissioned by the *Fonds national d'art contemporain* (Paris) and the *Musée d'art moderne Grand-Duc Jean* (Luxembourg), inspired by *La Pietà du Kosovo* (George Mérillon), *La Madone de Benthala* (Hocine Zaourar) and *La mort de Mohamed Al Dura à Gaza*. This work has been exhibited in France, Montreal and the United Nations. In 2008 he received a public commission to make a set of stained glass windows for the Abbey church of Saint-Gildas-des-Bois. In 2010 he published a book about Raymond Aubrac’s life and a documentary on that subject for France Télévisions. The film deals with Aubrac's role in decolonization, a sensitive issue on which the Resistance members could not agree.

## Work

Convert's work focuses on the question of memory and forgetting. He uses a wide range of techniques, from traditional molding, prints, Japanese lacquer and metalwork to computer modelling, image synthesis and digital animation. Physical materials include glass, wax and porcelain. His projects include *Trois Villas* (1986–96), a series of drawings of three abandoned villas on the coast near Biarritz and *Appartement de l'artiste* (1987–90), which explores the interior of his former apartment in Bordeaux. *Souches* (1995–98) incorporates painted sections of tree trunks from the battlefields of Verdun and Hiroshima. A wax bas-relief *Pietà de Kosovo* (1999–2000) was commissioned for the 2000 *Biennale de Lyon*.

His work has been shown in France at the *Centre d'arts plastiques contemporains* (CAPC) in Bordeaux (1992), *Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume* (1995), *Centre Georges Pompidou* (*L’empreinte*, 1997), *Frac des Pays de la Loire*, Nantes (*La demeure, la souche*, 1999). It has been shown at museums in several other countries including the Wakayama Museum of Modern Art (Japan), Iwaki Museum of Modern Art (Japan), Kunstverein (Bonn, Germany), Kouskovo Museum (Moscow) and the Museum of Modern Art (Delhi, India). His work has been exhibited at other galleries and public buildings in France and elsewhere in Europe including Madrid, Karlsruhe, Hamburg and Berlin.

## Publications

* Convert, Pascal (1989). *Convert*. Galerie Jean-Francois Dumont.
* Convert, Pascal (1997). *Pascal Convert: Villa Arson, 21 juin-6 octobre 1997*. Centre national des arts plastiques, Ministère de la culture.
* Convert, Pascal (2007). *Joseph Epstein: bon pour la légende : Zamosc 16 octobre 1911, Mont Valérien 11 avril 1944 : lettre au fils*. Séguier. ISBN 978-2-84049-527-7.
* Convert, Pascal; Dagen, Philippe (2007). *Lamento: Pascal Convert 1998-2005*. Musée d'Art Moderne Grand-Duc Jean (Mudam Luxembourg). ISBN 9782919923502.
* Convert, Pascal (2007). *Généalogie des lieux (1985-1996): Volume 1, Villa Belle Rose, Biarritz*. Atlantica. ISBN 978-2-7588-0062-0.
* Convert, Pascal (2011-03-30). *Raymond Aubrac: Résister, reconstruire, transmettre*. Seuil. ISBN 978-2-02-104918-3.
* Convert, Pascal (2013-10-02). *La Constellation du Lion: Collection littéraire dirigée par Martine Saada*. Grasset. ISBN 978-2-246-80862-6.

1. Hela 2012.
2. Pascal Convert, Galerie Eric Dupont.
3. Saint 2007, p. 151.
4. Pascal Convert, Babelio.
5. Saint 2007, p. 153.
6. Saint 2007, p. 152.
7. Bracher 2007, p. 40.
8. Bracher 2007, p. 54.
9. Bracher 2007, pp. 56–57.
10. Bracher 2007, p. 63.
11. P.P. 2012.
12. Pascal Convert, Artists and Associates.
13. Didi-Huberman 1999.
14. Saint 2007, pp. 151–152.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Pascal Convert | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1957<br>Mont-de-Marsan, France |
| Nationality | French |
| Occupation | Artist |
| Known for | Monument to those shot at Mont Valérien 1941–44 |


title: Habrosyne obscura

abstract: Habrosyne obscura is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It is found in Indonesia (Java).

text:
# Habrosyne obscura

***Habrosyne obscura*** is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It is found in Indonesia (Java).

## InfoBox

| *Habrosyne obscura* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Drepanidae |
| Genus: | *Habrosyne* |
| Species: | ***H. obscura*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Habrosyne obscura***<br>Roepke, 1944 | |
|


title: Joe Reynolds (baseball)

abstract: Joseph Reynolds is an American former Negro league pitcher who played in the 1930s. Reynolds played for the Philadelphia Stars in 1935, and for the Bacharach Giants the following season. In five recorded appearances on the mound, he posted a 6.86 ERA over 21 innings.

text:
# Joe Reynolds (baseball)

**Joseph Reynolds** is an American former Negro league pitcher who played in the 1930s.

Reynolds played for the Philadelphia Stars in 1935, and for the Bacharach Giants the following season. In five recorded appearances on the mound, he posted a 6.86 ERA over 21 innings.

## InfoBox

| Joe Reynolds | |
| --- | --- |
| **Pitcher** | |
| Negro league baseball debut | |
| 1935, for the Philadelphia Stars | |
| Last appearance | |
| 1936, for the Bacharach Giants | |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Nanjiao 90-class dispatch boat

abstract: Nanjiao 90 class dispatch boat is a class of little known naval auxiliary ship currently in service with the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN). The name of this class is after the first unit commissioned, with the exact type still remains unknown, and a total of two units of this class have been confirmed in active service as of mid-2010s. Nanjiao 90 class has a narrow landing ramp built in the bow, the only Chinese naval dispatch boat with this feature. Nanjiao 90 class series ships in PLAN service are designated by a combination of two Chinese characters followed by three-digit number. The second Chinese character is Jiao (交), short for Jiao-Tong-Ting (交通艇), meaning dispatch boat (ferry) in Chinese, because these ships are classified as dispatch boats. The first Chinese character denotes which fleet the ship is service with, with East for East Sea Fleet, North for North Sea Fleet, and South for South Sea Fleet. However, the pennant numbers may have changed due to the change of Chinese naval ships naming convention.

text:
# Nanjiao 90-class dispatch boat

Nanjiao 90 class dispatch boat is a class of little known naval auxiliary ship currently in service with the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN). The name of this class is after the first unit commissioned, with the exact type still remains unknown, and a total of two units of this class have been confirmed in active service as of mid-2010s. Nanjiao 90 class has a narrow landing ramp built in the bow, the only Chinese naval dispatch boat with this feature (as of mid 2010).

Nanjiao 90 class series ships in PLAN service are designated by a combination of two Chinese characters followed by three-digit number. The second Chinese character is Jiao (交), short for Jiao-Tong-Ting (交通艇), meaning dispatch boat (ferry) in Chinese, because these ships are classified as dispatch boats. The first Chinese character denotes which fleet the ship is service with, with East (Dong, 东) for East Sea Fleet, North (Bei, 北) for North Sea Fleet, and South (Nan, 南) for South Sea Fleet. However, the pennant numbers may have changed due to the change of Chinese naval ships naming convention.

| Class | Pennant # | Status | Fleet |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Nanjiao 90 class | Nan-Jiao 90 | Active | South Sea Fleet |
| Nanjiao 90 class | Nan-Jiao 91 | Active | South Sea Fleet |

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Class overview | |
| Operators | People's Liberation Army Navy |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Nanjiao 90 |
| Electronic warfare <br>& decoys | None |
| Armament | Unarmed |
| Aircraft carried | None |
| Aviation facilities | None |


title: Recipe for Success

abstract: Recipe for Success is a food reality television series that follows entrepreneurs who trade their jobs for following their dreams. On Food Network's Canadian station, it is broadcast on Sundays at 2:30 PM. It uses the same theme song as The Next Food Network Star. In the BBC program, the show covers a popular TV competition in which a couple takes over a restaurant they do not own for two sittings on a day in a bid to win £1,000. They are given a team of professional staff who will work to the amateurs' menus. One amateur takes on the role of Head Chef, while the other takes on the role of Front of House Manager. On the final day of the week, whoever has made the most money wins the money already won during that week. The show is presented by Simon Rimmer.

text:
# Recipe for Success

***Recipe for Success*** is a food reality television series that follows entrepreneurs who trade their jobs for following their dreams.

On Food Network's Canadian station, it is broadcast on Sundays at 2:30 PM. It uses the same theme song as *The Next Food Network Star*.

In the BBC program, the show covers a popular TV competition in which a couple takes over a restaurant they do not own for two sittings on a day in a bid to win £1,000. They are given a team of professional staff who will work to the amateurs' menus. One amateur takes on the role of Head Chef, while the other takes on the role of Front of House Manager. On the final day of the week, whoever has made the most money wins the money already won during that week. The show is presented by Simon Rimmer.

## InfoBox

| *Recipe for Success* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | cooking show |
| Presented by | Simon Rimmer
Stink Fisher
Marlie Hall
Eric McLendon |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| Production | |
| Producers | Victoria Bert
Nicole DeWalt
Tekella Foster
Kevin MoriartyAl Roker |
| Cinematography | Michael Clevenger
Alan Jacobsen
Anthony Rodriguez |
| Editor | Michael Sellers |
| Production companies | Al Roker Production
Food Network |
| Original release | |
| Network | Food Network |
| Release | 2004 (2004)
present |


title: Mordella chrysophora

abstract: Mordella chrysophora is a species of beetle in the genus Mordella of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1917.

text:
# Mordella chrysophora

***Mordella chrysophora*** is a species of beetle in the genus *Mordella* of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1917.

## InfoBox

| *Mordella chrysophora* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Subfamily: | Mordellinae |
| Tribe: | Mordellini |
| Genus: | *Mordella* |
| Species: | ***M. chrysophora*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordella chrysophora***<br>Lea, 1917 | |
|


title: Flag of Republika Srpska

abstract: The flag of Republika Srpska within Bosnia and Herzegovina was adopted on 12 May 1992. The flag is a rectangular tricolor with three equal horizontal bands of red, blue and white. It is almost identical to the civil flag of Serbia, but with different aspect ratio of 1:2 instead of 2:3 and slightly different color shades. The flag is very similar to that of Misiones Province, Argentina and the Russian flag upside down. In 2007, the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina declared the flag of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the coat of arms of Republika Srpska, and other symbols of Republika Srpska unconstitutional. The court ruled that the symbols did not represent the non-Serb ethnicities living in Republika Srpska. However, the flag of Republika Srpska was deemed to be in line with the constitution. The court ruled that though the combination of the colors relates to the Serbian tricolor, the use of red, blue, and white are considered to be pan-Slavic colors as well.

text:
# Flag of Republika Srpska

The **flag of Republika Srpska** within Bosnia and Herzegovina was adopted on 12 May 1992. The flag is a rectangular tricolor with three equal horizontal bands of red, blue and white. It is almost identical to the civil flag of Serbia, but with different aspect ratio of 1:2 instead of 2:3 and slightly different color shades. The flag is very similar to that of Misiones Province, Argentina and the Russian flag upside down.

In 2007, the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina declared the flag of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the coat of arms of Republika Srpska, and other symbols of Republika Srpska unconstitutional. The court ruled that the symbols did not represent the non-Serb ethnicities living in Republika Srpska. However, the flag of Republika Srpska was deemed to be in line with the constitution. The court ruled that though the combination of the colors relates to the Serbian tricolor, the use of red, blue, and white are considered to be pan-Slavic colors as well.

The Serb tricolor has been used as the basis for other flags, most notably as Serbia's national flag. Montenegro has also used the Serbian tricolor with varying shades of blue. Under communist Yugoslavia, the republics of Serbia and Montenegro had flags of same design and colors. Montenegro changed its flag in 1993 by altering the proportion and shade of blue in its flag and used this flag until 2004.

The Serbian tricolor was also the basis for the flag of the Serb minority in Croatia. The Serbian tricolor defaced with a Serbian cross is used as the flag of the Serbian Orthodox Church.

The Republika Srpska's flag is popular among many Bosnian Serbs and they prefer to fly it or the Serbian flag instead of the flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Color scheme

The specified colours for the flag are as follows:

|  | Crimson | Cerulean Blue | White |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **RGB** | `237/28/36` | `57/81/163` | `255/255/255` |
| **Hexadecimal** | `#ED1C24` | `#3951A3` | `#FFFFFF` |
| **CMYK** | `0/88/85/7` | `65/50/0/36` | `0/0/0/0` |

### Standards

## InfoBox

Republika Srpska
|
|  |
|  | |
| Тробојка/Trobojka *(Tricolor)* | |
| Use | Civil and state flag |
| Proportion | 1:2 |
| Adopted | 12 May 1992 |
| Design | A horizontal tricolor of red, blue and white |
|  | |


abstract: Million Voices against Corruption, President Chen Must Go (百萬人民反貪腐倒扁運動) was a Taiwanese mass campaign led by former Chairman Shih Ming-teh of the Democratic Progressive Party to pressure the Taiwanese then President Chen Shui-bian to resign in 2006.

text:
# Million Voices Against Corruption, President Chen Must Go

**Million Voices against Corruption, President Chen Must Go** (百萬人民反貪腐倒扁運動) was a Taiwanese mass campaign led by former Chairman Shih Ming-teh of the Democratic Progressive Party to pressure the Taiwanese then President Chen Shui-bian to resign in 2006.

## Background

Taiwan's political scene is divided into two major groups. On one side are the pan-Blues, consisting of the Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang, or KMT) and two spin-off parties, the People First Party (PFP), and the New Party. Facing them are the pan-Greens, led by the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), and its ally the Taiwan Solidarity Union (TSU). Since the accession of Chen Shui-bian of the DPP to the Presidency in 2000, the Blue-controlled legislature had struggled to oust him, making changes to the impeachment process early in his administration, and attempting to recall him several times.

The latest round of recalls by the Blue side began in the summer of 2006, following a series of accusations of corruption against Chen and members of the first family. Allegations include insider trading by Chen's son-in-law, buying and selling of shares, and improper use of government funds. The recall motion was defeated due to a lack of votes.

Chen has denied any wrongdoing and not been found guilty by the Taiwanese judicial system. But his approval ratings fell, though the polls that show this is either from pro-Blue news media (which put him at about ~20%) or of completely unsupportable methodology, such as the notorious TSU poll that had him at just 5.8%. Hence, the actual extent of the decline is unknown. There have been calls from within his own party calling for his resignation, since there was some fear among the Greens that the scandals will affect the legislative election and the Presidential election in 2008.

The "Million Voices Against Corruption" campaign began in August 2006 when former DPP chairman and long-time democracy and independence activist Shih Ming-te announced that he would launch a protest campaign to force the President to resign. Shih had stepped down as chairman of the DPP in 1995, and began a long political drift from the Green side over to the Blue. According to his own version, he left the DPP in 1999, though party members said they kicked him out in 2000, blaming his grandstanding and repeated public attacks on his colleagues. In 2001 he became convener of a local pro-Blue thinktank called the Mountain Alliance, along with two other DPP turncoats, Sisy Chen and Hsu Hsin-liang. He ran unsuccessfully for mayor of Kaohsiung, garnering 1% of the vote, and also lost legislative elections in Taipei, both times running against DPP candidates. Shih's political career appeared to be in eclipse. Several years passed.

In August 2006 Shih came back to prominence. During questioning at the Presidential Office on the afternoon of 7 August 2006, the president detailed to the prosecutor how he spent the fund and presented relevant receipts and bank remittance statements. On the same day, Shih Ming-te, a former ally of Chen, wrote a letter to Chen urging him to resign from office and to admit wrongdoing so as to "set a good example for the Taiwanese people". The proposal was rejected. On August 8 Shih announced his intention to open a bank account and collect NT$100 from supporters, which would be used to fund a protest in Taipei aimed at ousting the President.

## Preparations

On 10 August 2006, Shih Ming-te began to plan the *"Million Voices against Corruption, President Chen Must Go"* campaign. Shih offered to lead the Taiwanese people in street demonstrations if he were able to raise at least 100,000,000 New Taiwan Dollars (NTD) in fundraising for his campaign.

In the meantime the Pan-Green supporters criticized the actions of Shih Ming-Te. Initially they recovered letters from his past begging the government for mercy when he was a political prisoner, but such tactics were widely seen as unseemly. More effective was the fact that Shih, supposedly battling against corruption, had personal connections to former Tuntex Group chairman Chen Yu-hao, one of the island's most famous embezzlers, a connection that Shih boasts of. Chen Yu-hao is widely known to be strongly opposed to President Chen. The Greens also raised questions about Shih's own finances, and made allegations that Shih was a tool of the People's Republic of China. Security agencies found no connections, however.

Shih Ming-te called for various prominent Taiwanese (Republic of China) politicians to join in demonstrating for the resignation of Chen Shui-bian. However, although the demonstration was attended by all the major Blue politicians, no prominent Green politicians appeared.

## Demonstrations

### Early sit-in protests

On 9 September 2006, the demonstration began as a gathering in front of the presidential office. Demonstrators were organized into the shape of a compass (as viewed from the sky) to symbolize the protesters' demands for integrity within government. Free meals were offered to the demonstrators by the organizers, and various events were held, including performances by children reciting Daxue, an ancient Chinese text by Confucius and his followers. Organizers estimated the number of participants to be around 300,000 at the start of the campaign (the police estimated the number to be closer to 90,000). Demonstrators were dressed in red as a sign of anger, gestured thumbs-down as a sign of disapproval, and chanted "Ah-Bian, step down! Ah-Bian, step down!" (Chinese: 「阿扁，下台！」) as they marched through downtown Taipei.

Various pro-Blue national celebrities and pan-Blue politicians (current and former) took part in the event. Demonstrators consist of Taiwanese (ROC) citizens and foreign nationals of all age groups, including students from various international schools located in Taipei and a number of Japanese-immigrated ROC expatriates. However, as numerous sources pointed out, the bulk of Shih's followers were not disappointed moderates from across the political spectrum, as campaign planners claimed, but longtime Blues. Shih himself would later concede this in an interview published in the New York Times on Sept. 28, 2006.

### The "Surround the City" protest

On the night of 15 September 2006, demonstrators organized an effort to "surround the city" (Chinese: 圍城; pinyin: *Weíchéng*) with people holding glowsticks (especially red ones), in order to "block" Chen from leaving the city, as well as to relocate the demonstrations from its original location near the presidential office to Taipei Main Station. The event proved successful despite the inclement weather. Demonstrators in red shirts held glowsticks as they marched from Gongyuan Road to the station, filling the entire road.

MRT officials announced that additional trains would run until 1 A.M. The next day, the Taipei Rapid Transit Corporation announced a new record of 1.51 million passengers passing in and out of the stations during the night of the protest. The Main Station became the most popular public resting place for the protesters past midnight because of its proximity to the protest center as well as conveniences the station provides, including shelter, food, and hygiene facilities. Critics of the demonstrations pointed out that the protests increased MRT ridership congestions, as the daily commuters must cope with the additional riders. In addition, the protests caused havoc on Taipei's already congested traffic, and the cost of the protests has become burdensome for the city's residents.

### The "Surround the Island" protest

After the 15 September 2006 demonstrations, Shih led a team of people through every major city in Taiwan (Chinese: 環島遍地開花; pinyin: *Huándaǒ Biàndì Kāihuā*) using tour buses to join local demonstrations. Organizers claim that anti-Chen protests occurred every day in October. The protests were mainly peaceful. Nonetheless, minor incidents of violence erupted when the protesters entered the Pan-Green leaning regions of southern Taiwan.

### The "Besiege the Presidential Office" demonstration

On 10 October 2006, ROC (Taiwan)'s National Day, the protesters returned to Ketagalan Avenue for another "Besiege the Presidential Office" demonstration (Chinese: 天下圍攻; pinyin: *Tiānxià Weígōng*, a play on the phrase “天下為公“) without first seeking demonstration permits from the police. Chen was heckled by opposition legislators of the Pan-Blue Coalition during a state ceremony attended by foreign dignitaries. There were also isolated, minor incidents of violence, including fist fights between Pan-Blue and Pan-Green legislators. In response, President Chen threatened to cancel the National Day celebration for 2007 because "everyone has different opinions and doesn't care". Chen also stated his commitment to clean politics and his intolerance of governmental corruption. After the ceremony, the government criticized the demonstrators, characterizing the demonstrations as disrespectful and illegal. Notably, while attending the ceremony, the AIT (American Institute in Taiwan) top official (and de facto United States ambassador) asked the protesters "to maintain politeness". Demonstrators claim that the guards protecting and surrounding the office wore red underwear underneath their uniforms, signifying solidarity with the protesters, though they could not display the color on their guard uniforms.

## Aftermath

Shih, a former political prisoner, has vowed to demonstrate indefinitely outside the presidential office, even until March 2008, when Taiwan (Republic of China) is due to hold the next presidential election, or until Chen, also a former political prisoner, resigns. However, in December 2006 Shih went back on this pledge, instead retiring to an apartment near the train station and promising to remain there until Chen's term was over.

On 14 October 2006, the Taipei Police repealed Shih's petition for further protest on Ketagalan Avenue because the protests on 10 October 2006 had violated the city law. Afterward, Shih agreed to shrink the size of their demonstration before planning another massive campaign.

The anti-Chen campaign achieved its intended effect of ousting the DPP from power, and returning the former Kuomintang to power. The efforts of the Pan-Blue red shirts have been widely praised by Chinese government media and various media outlets controlled by the Chinese Communist Party.

### Indictment of President Chen's wife

On 3 November 2006, Chen's wife Wu Shu-chen and three other high-ranking officials of the Presidential Office were indicted of forgery and embezzlement of NTD 14.8 million (US$450,000) of government funds using faked documents. Due to the protection from the Constitution against prosecution of the sitting president, Chen could not be prosecuted until he left office, and he was not indicted, but was alleged to be an accomplice on his wife's indictment.

The prosecutor of the case has indicated that once Chen leaves office, his office will start the procedures to press charges against Chen. His wife Wu becomes the first sitting First Lady of the Republic of China to face criminal charges since the foundation of the Republic in 1911.

The indictment filed by prosecutors states that the indicted persons obtained government funds earmarked for secret foreign affairs, yet of six supposed secret diplomatic missions, there was sufficient evidence presented for only two. Of the remaining four, it was concluded that one did not exist, and in the case of the other three, the invoices presented were not found to be related to the secret missions.

The Pan-Blue coalition, after receiving the news, demanded to call for another recall motion unless Chen resigned immediately. Another small party that backed Chen previously, Taiwan Solidarity Union, founded by former KMT Chairman and ROC President Lee Teng-hui, said Friday they would likely to support the upcoming recall measure. However, the TSU said it would only support the new recall motion if "concrete evidence concerning corruption is presented." If the recall passed, it would be up to the voters to decide Chen's fate in an island-wide referendum.

Leaders of the Democratic Progressive Party met together on Friday to discuss the unfavorable charges. The meeting ended when party leaders demanded Chen to explain the accusation within three days. There has long been rumbles inside the DPP that Chen has become their liability and that they should recall him before the presidential election. If Chen resigned, he would be the first Taiwanese president to step down and the outspoken vice president Annette Lu would likely take power.

After the prosecutor announced the indictment news, the campaign leader Shih proclaimed in a rally in Friday that the indictment was the historical high point in Taiwan and the month long campaign was a success. Then, Shih led the protesters back to Ketagalan Boulevard for more sit-in demonstrations.

In a press conference 5 November 2006, Chen rebutted the charges against his wife and members of his presidential office. He said that Taiwan government offices advised him to prepare the receipts in such a fashion, and that after 6 years of doing so, it is strange that they would never mention an irregularity if it wasn't the right way to do it. He promised that all of the money actually went to diplomatic missions and did not go into any private pockets. Furthermore, he mentioned that when he took office, he thought his salary was so excessive that he cut his own salary in half, and that reduction is more than the amount he is accused of embezzling, so there is no need for him to take those money. In addition, he said that if the charges against his wife were proven in a court of law just as they were charged, then he would at that time step down as President of the Republic of China.

The First Lady claimed to have fainted during a press conference, and is currently staying in the NTU Hospital. However, many dispute that Wu truly lost consciousness, as she grabbed a bodyguard after she collapsed.

### Anniversary

On 9 September 2007, thousand of protesters gathered at Ketagalan Boulevard to mark the one-year anniversary of the campaign. More than 1000 police officers were deployed, but no clashes were reported in the candle-lit vigil. Campaign leader Shih Ming-teh also appeared at the vigil to address the crowd. He reassured that their persistence would pay off.

## International and English-language media

* 24 August 2006, BBC News reported statements made by Taiwan's Foreign Minister James Huang, voicing his concern over statements made by pro-KMT diplomats within Taiwan's Foreign Ministry. Due to Taiwan's extremely challenged political condition, Huang felt statements made by red shirt supporters within the Foreign Ministry would undermine the island nation's effort to establish diplomatic ties with countries in Latin America.
* 24 August 2006, AFX Media reports Taipei Shares had been severely affected by the social chaos unleashed by the renewed effort by Shih Ming-teh and the pro-KMT red shirts to depose Chen Shui-Bian. Foreign investors were net sellers of shares worth 2.48 bln twd, Taiwan investment trusts net buyers of 65.53 mln twd-worth and brokers net sellers of 517.07 mln twd-worth. The sit-ins and disruption to Taipei city cast a shadow over the islands future.
* 9 September 2006, CNN reports on the "DEPOSE" campaign. CNN estimates the number of participants to be between 30,000 and 50,000.
* 16 September 2006, Agency France Press reports on the strong showing of support from over 200,000 Chen supporters, to counter the red shirt movement. AFP reported that Chen was elected as the head of state governing the island of Taiwan after 50 years of Kuomintang dictatorship. The corruption case against case motivated thousands of KMT supporters to urge the return of the former authoritarian party to power.
* 2 October 2006, South China Morning Post reported most Taiwanese TV outlets, the majority of which are controlled by the Pan-Blue coalition, are biased in favor of red shirt demonstrators. On September 25, Kuomintang Chairman Ma Ying-Jeou called on the then ruling Chen's government to hold a referendum to oust Chen.
* 3 October 2006, English language China Post reported that conservative political exile, Cao Changqing, likened Taiwan's red shirt movement to the red guard movement unleashed by Mao Zedong in 1966 which led to the deaths of numerous Chinese citizens.
* On 17 May 2010, the Wall Street Journal compared the outcome of anti-incumbent demonstrations in Thailand, Taiwan, and South Korea, urging the Thai Prime Minister to follow the examples of Roh Tae Woo and Chen Shui Bian to back down to allow a less disruptive transition of power by respecting the democratic process.


title: Rick Atkinson

abstract: Lawrence Rush "Rick" Atkinson IV is an American author, most recently of The British Are Coming: The War for America, Lexington to Princeton, 1775–1777, the first volume in the Revolution Trilogy. He has won Pulitzer Prizes in history and journalism. After working as a newspaper reporter, editor, and foreign correspondent for The Washington Post, Atkinson turned to writing military history. His seven books include narrative accounts of five different American wars. His Liberation Trilogy, a history of the American role in the liberation of Europe in World War II, concluded with the publication of The Guns at Last Light in May 2013. In 2010, he received the $100,000 Pritzker Military Library Literature Award for Lifetime Achievement in Military Writing. In 2019, Atkinson was named a Vincent J. Dooley Distinguished Fellow by the Georgia Historical Society, an honor that recognizes national leaders in the field of history as both writers and educators whose research has enhanced or changed the way the public understands the past.

text:
# Rick Atkinson

**Lawrence Rush** "**Rick**" **Atkinson IV** (born November 15, 1952) is an American author, most recently of *The British Are Coming: The War for America, Lexington to Princeton, 1775–1777*, the first volume in the Revolution Trilogy. He has won Pulitzer Prizes in history and journalism.

After working as a newspaper reporter, editor, and foreign correspondent for *The Washington Post*, Atkinson turned to writing military history. His seven books include narrative accounts of five different American wars.

His Liberation Trilogy, a history of the American role in the liberation of Europe in World War II, concluded with the publication of *The Guns at Last Light* in May 2013. In 2010, he received the $100,000 Pritzker Military Library Literature Award for Lifetime Achievement in Military Writing. In 2019, Atkinson was named a Vincent J. Dooley Distinguished Fellow by the Georgia Historical Society, an honor that recognizes national leaders in the field of history as both writers and educators whose research has enhanced or changed the way the public understands the past.

## Life and career

Atkinson was born in Munich to Margaret (née Howe) and Larry Atkinson, who was a U.S. Army officer. Turning down an appointment to West Point, he instead attended East Carolina University on a full scholarship, graduating with a bachelor of arts degree in English in 1974. He received a master of arts degree in English language and literature from the University of Chicago in 1975.

While visiting his parents for Christmas at Fort Riley, Kansas, in 1975, Atkinson found a job as a newspaper reporter for *The Morning Sun* in Pittsburg, Kansas, covering crime, local government, and other topics in southeast Kansas, an area known as "the Little Balkans" for its ethnic diversity and fractious politics. In April 1977, he joined the staff of *The Kansas City Times*, working nights in suburban Johnson County, Kansas before moving to the city desk and eventually serving as a national reporter; in 1981, he joined the newspaper's bureau in Washington, D.C. He won the Pulitzer Prize for national reporting in 1982 for a "body of work" that included a series about the West Point class of 1966, which lost more men in Vietnam than any other Military Academy class. He also contributed to the newspaper's coverage of the Hyatt Regency walkway collapse in Kansas City, Missouri, for which the paper's staff in 1982 was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for local spot news reporting.

In November 1983, Atkinson was hired as a reporter on the national staff of *The Washington Post*. He wrote about defense issues, the 1984 presidential election. He covered Rep. Geraldine Ferraro, the first woman vice-presidential candidate for a major party, and national topics. In 1985, he became deputy national editor, overseeing coverage of defense, diplomacy, and intelligence. In 1988, he returned to reporting as a member of the *Post* investigative staff, writing about public housing in the District of Columbia and the secret history of Project Senior C.J., which became the B-2 stealth bomber. In 1991, he was the newspaper's lead writer during the Persian Gulf War. Two years later he joined the foreign staff as bureau chief in Berlin, covering Germany and NATO and spending time in Somalia and Bosnia. He returned from Europe in 1996 to become assistant managing editor for investigations; in that role, he headed a seven-member team that for more than a year scrutinized shootings by the District of Columbia police department, resulting in "Deadly Force," a series for which the *Post* was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Public Service.

Atkinson left the newspaper world in 1999 to write about World War II, an interest that began with his birth in Germany and was rekindled during his three-year tour in Berlin. He twice rejoined the *Post*, first in 2003 when for two months he accompanied General David Petraeus and the 101st Airborne Division during the invasion of Iraq, and again in 2007 when he made trips to Iraq and Afghanistan while writing "Left of Boom", an investigative series about roadside bombs in modern warfare, which won the Gerald R. Ford Award for Distinguished Reporting on National Defense. He held the Omar N. Bradley Chair of Strategic Leadership at the United States Army War College and Dickinson College in 2004–2005, and remains an adjunct faculty member at the war college.

Atkinson is a presidential counselor at the National World War II Museum in New Orleans, a member of the Society of American Historians, and an inductee in the Academy of Achievement, for which he also serves as a board member. He serves on the governing commission of the National Portrait Gallery. Atkinson is married to the former Jane Ann Chestnut of Lawrence, Kansas, a researcher and clinician at the National Institutes of Health. They have two grown children.

## Works

| External videos | |
| --- | --- |
| *In Depth* interview with Atkinson, June 2, 2013, C-SPAN | |
| *Booknotes* interview with Atkinson on *An Army at Dawn*, November 17, 2002, C-SPAN | |
| Interview with Atkinson on *An Army at Dawn*, October 4, 2003, C-SPAN | |
| *After Words* interview with Atkinson on *The Day of Battle*, November 24, 2007, C-SPAN | |
| Presentation by Atkinson on *The Day of Battle*, September 27, 2008, C-SPAN | |
| Presentation by Atkinson on *The Day of Battle*, June 28, 2014, C-SPAN | |
| Presentation by Atkinson on *The Guns at Last Light*, September 22, 2013, C-SPAN | |
| Interview with Atkinson on *The Guns at Last Light*, September 22, 2013, C-SPAN | |
| *Washington Journal* interview with Atkinson on *In the Company of Soldiers*, March 5, 2004, C-SPAN | |
| Presentation by Atkinson on *In the Company of Soldiers*, March 23, 2004, C-SPAN | |
| Presentation by Atkinson on *The British Are Coming*, May 14, 2019, C-SPAN | |
| Interview with Atkinson on *The British Are Coming*, August 31, 2019, C-SPAN | |

Atkinson's first book, written while on leave from the *Post*, was *The Long Gray Line: The American Journey of West Point's Class of 1966*. A 1989 review in *Time* magazine called it "brilliant history", and *Business Week* reviewer Dave Griffiths called it "the best book out of Vietnam to date". Author James Salter, reviewing the book for *The Washington Post Book World*, wrote, "Enormously rich in detail and written with a novelist's brilliance, the pages literally hurry before one."

In 1993, Atkinson wrote *Crusade: The Untold Story of the Persian Gulf War*. In a review, *The Wall Street Journal* wrote, "No one could have been better prepared to write a book on Desert Storm, and Atkinson's *Crusade* does full justice to the opportunity."

Publication of The Liberation Trilogy began in 2002 with *An Army at Dawn: The War in North Africa, 1942–1943*, acclaimed by *The Wall Street Journal* as "the best World War II battle narrative since Cornelius Ryan's classics, *The Longest Day* and *A Bridge Too Far*." While with the 101st Airborne Division south of Baghdad in April 2003, Atkinson learned that the book had been awarded the Pulitzer Prize for history. The trilogy's second volume, *The Day of Battle: The War in Sicily and Italy, 1943–1944*, published in 2007, drew praise from *The New York Times* as "a triumph of narrative history, elegantly written...and rooted in the sight and sounds of battle." Volume three, *The Guns at Last Light: The War in Western Europe, 1944–1945*, was published by Henry Holt and Co. in May 2013, and was ranked #1 on the *New York Times* Hardcover Nonfiction and Combined Print & E-Book Nonfiction bestseller lists. A review in *The New York Times* called the book "a tapestry of fabulous richness and complexity...Atkinson is a master of what might be called 'pointillism history,' assembling the small dots of pure color into a vivid, tumbling narrative... The Liberation Trilogy is a monument achievement."

As a result of his time with Gen. Petraeus and the 101st Airborne, Atkinson also wrote *In the Company of Soldiers: A Chronicle of Combat*, which *The New York Times Book Review* called "intimate, vivid, and well-informed", and which *Newsweek* cited as one of the ten best books of 2004. Atkinson was the lead essayist in *Where Valor Rests: Arlington National Cemetery*, published by the National Geographic Society in 2007. He is the editor and introductory essayist for an anthology of work by the journalist and military historian Cornelius Ryan published by Library of America in May 2019.

In May 2019, the first book in the Revolution Trilogy, *The British Are Coming: The War for America, Lexington to Princeton, 1775–1777**,* was published by Henry Holt and edited, as all of Atkinson's books have been, by John Sterling. The *New York Times* selected *The British Are Coming* for its 100 Notable Books of 2019. It won the 2020 George Washington Book Prize.

## Awards and honors

## Bibliography

### Books

* *The Long Gray Line: The American Journey of West Point's Class of 1966*. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 1989. ISBN 0395480086.
* *Crusade: The Untold Story of the Persian Gulf War*. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 1993. ISBN 0395710839.
* *An Army at Dawn: The War in North Africa, 1942–1943*. New York: Henry Holt. 2002. ISBN 0805062882. (The Liberation Trilogy Vol. 1) (2003 Pulitzer Prize for History)
* *In the Company of Soldiers: A Chronicle of Combat*. New York: Henry Holt. 2004. ISBN 0805075615.
* *The Day of Battle: The War in Sicily and Italy, 1943–1944*. New York: Henry Holt. 2007. ISBN 9780805062892. (The Liberation Trilogy Vol. 2)
* "Where Valor Rests: Arlington National Cemetery". *National Geographic*. Washington, D.C. 2007.
* *The Guns at Last Light: The War in Western Europe, 1944–1945*. New York: Henry Holt. 2013. ISBN 9780805062908. (The Liberation Trilogy Vol. 3)
* *The British Are Coming: The War for America, Lexington to Princeton, 1775–1777*. Henry Holt and Co. 2019. ISBN 9781627790437. (The Revolution Trilogy Vol. 1)

### Young Readers Adaptations

* *D-Day: The Invasion of Normandy, 1944*. New York: Henry Holt. 2014. ISBN 9781627791113. (The Young Readers Adaptation of *The Guns of Last Light*)
* *Battle of the Bulge*. New York: Henry Holt. 2015. ISBN 9781627791137. (The Young Readers Adaptation of *The Guns at Last Light*)
* *The British Are Coming (Young Readers Edition)*. New York: Henry Holt Books for Young Readers. 2022. ISBN 9781250800589.

## InfoBox

| Rick Atkinson | |
| --- | --- |
| at 2015 National Book Festival | |
| Born | Lawrence Rush Atkinson IV
(1952-11-15) November 15, 1952
Munich, then West Germany |
| Alma mater |  |
| Occupations | * Journalist * editor * historian * author |
| Agent | Raphael Sagalyn |
| Spouse | Jane Ann Chestnut (m. 1979) |
| Children | Rush, Sarah |
| Parents | * Larry Atkinson * Margaret Jean Atkinson |
| Awards |  |
| Website | The Revolution Trilogy The Liberation Trilogy, |
| Notes | |
|  | |


title: Particle therapy

abstract: Particle therapy is a form of external beam radiotherapy using beams of energetic neutrons, protons, or other heavier positive ions for cancer treatment. The most common type of particle therapy as of August 2021 is proton therapy. In contrast to X-rays used in older radiotherapy, particle beams exhibit a Bragg peak in energy loss through the body, delivering their maximum radiation dose at or near the tumor and minimizing damage to surrounding normal tissues. Particle therapy is also referred to more technically as hadron therapy, excluding photon and electron therapy. Neutron capture therapy, which depends on a secondary nuclear reaction, is also not considered here. Muon therapy, a rare type of particle therapy not within the categories above, has also been studied theoretically; however, muons are still most commonly used for imaging, rather than therapy.

text:
# Particle therapy

**Particle therapy** is a form of external beam radiotherapy using beams of energetic neutrons, protons, or other heavier positive ions for cancer treatment. The most common type of particle therapy as of August 2021 is proton therapy.

In contrast to X-rays (photon beams) used in older radiotherapy, particle beams exhibit a Bragg peak in energy loss through the body, delivering their maximum radiation dose at or near the tumor and minimizing damage to surrounding normal tissues.

Particle therapy is also referred to more technically as **hadron therapy**, excluding photon and electron therapy. Neutron capture therapy, which depends on a secondary nuclear reaction, is also not considered here. Muon therapy, a rare type of particle therapy not within the categories above, has also been studied theoretically; however, muons are still most commonly used for imaging, rather than therapy.

## Method

Particle therapy works by aiming energetic ionizing particles at the target tumor. These particles damage the DNA of tissue cells, ultimately causing their death. Because of their reduced ability to repair DNA, cancerous cells are particularly vulnerable to such damage.

The figure shows how beams of electrons, X-rays or protons of different energies (expressed in MeV) penetrate human tissue. Electrons have a short range and are therefore only of interest close to the skin (see electron therapy). Bremsstrahlung X-rays penetrate more deeply, but the dose absorbed by the tissue then shows the typical exponential decay with increasing thickness. For protons and heavier ions, on the other hand, the dose increases while the particle penetrates the tissue and loses energy continuously. Hence the dose increases with increasing thickness up to the Bragg peak that occurs near the end of the particle's range. Beyond the Bragg peak, the dose drops to zero (for protons) or almost zero (for heavier ions).

The advantage of this energy deposition profile is that less energy is deposited into the healthy tissue surrounding the target tissue. This enables higher dose prescription to the tumor, theoretically leading to a higher local control rate, as well as achieving a low toxicity rate.

The ions are first accelerated by means of a cyclotron or synchrotron. The final energy of the emerging particle beam defines the depth of penetration, and hence, the location of the maximum energy deposition. Since it is easy to deflect the beam by means of electro-magnets in a transverse direction, it is possible to employ a raster scan method, i.e., to scan the target area quickly, as the electron beam scans a TV tube. If, in addition, the beam energy and hence the depth of penetration is varied, an entire target volume can be covered in three dimensions, providing an irradiation exactly following the shape of the tumor. This is one of the great advantages compared to conventional X-ray therapy.

At the end of 2008, 28 treatment facilities were in operation worldwide and over 70,000 patients had been treated by means of pions, protons and heavier ions. Most of this therapy has been conducted using protons.

At the end of 2013, 105,000 patients had been treated with proton beams, and approximately 13,000 patients had received carbon-ion therapy.

As of April 1, 2015, for proton beam therapy, there are 49 facilities in the world, including 14 in the US with another 29 facilities under construction. For Carbon-ion therapy, there are eight centers operating and four under construction. Carbon-ion therapy centers exist in Japan, Germany, Italy, and China. Two US federal agencies are hoping to stimulate the establishment of at least one US heavy-ion therapy center.

## Proton therapy

**Proton therapy** is a type of particle therapy that uses a beam of protons to irradiate diseased tissue, most often to treat cancer. The chief advantage of proton therapy over other types of external beam radiotherapy (e.g., radiation therapy, or photon therapy) is that the dose of protons is deposited over a narrow range of depth, which results in minimal entry, exit, or scattered radiation dose to healthy nearby tissues. High dose rates are key in cancer treatment advancements. PSI demonstrated that for cyclotron-based proton therapy facility using momentum cooling, it is possible to achieve remarkable dose rates of 952 Gy/s and 2105 Gy/s at the Bragg peak (in water) for 70 MeV and 230 MeV beams, respectively. When combined with field-specific ridge filters, Bragg peak-based FLASH proton therapy becomes feasible.

## Fast-neutron therapy

**Fast neutron therapy** utilizes high energy neutrons typically between 50 and 70 MeV to treat cancer. Most fast neutron therapy beams are produced by reactors, cyclotrons (d+Be) and linear accelerators. Neutron therapy is currently available in Germany, Russia, South Africa and the United States. In the United States, the only treatment center still operational is in Seattle, Washington. The Seattle center use a cyclotron which produces a proton beam impinging upon a beryllium target.

## Carbon ion radiotherapy

Carbon ion therapy (C-ion RT) was pioneered at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) in Chiba, Japan, which began treating patients with carbon ion beams in 1994. This facility was the first to utilize carbon ions clinically, marking a significant advancement in particle therapy for cancer treatment. The therapeutic advantages of carbon ions were recognized earlier, but NIRS was instrumental in establishing its clinical application.

C-ion RT uses particles more massive than protons or neutrons. Carbon ion radiotherapy has increasingly garnered scientific attention as technological delivery options have improved and clinical studies have demonstrated its treatment advantages for many cancers such as prostate, head and neck, lung, and liver cancers, bone and soft tissue sarcomas, locally recurrent rectal cancer, and pancreatic cancer, including locally advanced disease. It also has clear advantages to treat otherwise intractable hypoxic and radio-resistant cancers while opening the door for substantially hypo-fractionated treatment of normal and radio-sensitive disease.

By mid 2017, more than 15,000 patients have been treated worldwide in over 8 operational centers. Japan has been a conspicuous leader in this field. There are five heavy-ion radiotherapy facilities in operation and plans exist to construct several more facilities in the near future. In Germany this type of treatment is available at the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT) and at the Marburg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (MIT). In Italy the National Centre of Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO) provides this treatment. Austria will open a CIRT center in 2017, with centers in South Korea, Taiwan, and China soon to open. No CIRT facility now operates in the United States but several are in various states of development.

## Biological advantages of heavy-ion radiotherapy

From a radiation biology standpoint, there is considerable rationale to support use of heavy-ion beams in treating cancer patients. All proton and other heavy ion beam therapies exhibit a defined Bragg peak in the body so they deliver their maximum lethal dosage at or near the tumor. This minimizes harmful radiation to the surrounding normal tissues. However, carbon-ions are heavier than protons and so provide a higher relative biological effectiveness (RBE), which increases with depth to reach the maximum at the end of the beam's range. Thus the RBE of a carbon ion beam increases as the ions advance deeper into the tumor-lying region. CIRT provides the highest linear energy transfer (LET) of any currently available form of clinical radiation. This high energy delivery to the tumor results in many double-strand DNA breaks which are very difficult for the tumor to repair. Conventional radiation produces principally single strand DNA breaks which can allow many of the tumor cells to survive. The higher outright cell mortality produced by CIRT may also provide a clearer antigen signature to stimulate the patient's immune system.

## Particle therapy of moving targets

The precision of particle therapy of tumors situated in thorax and abdominal region is strongly affected by the target motion. The mitigation of its negative influence requires advanced techniques of tumor position monitoring (e.g., fluoroscopic imaging of implanted radio-opaque fiducial markers or electromagnetic detection of inserted transponders) and irradiation (gating, rescanning, gated rescanning and tumor tracking).

## InfoBox

| Particle therapy | |
| --- | --- |
| ICD-9 | 92.26 |


title: Habrosyne sumatrana

abstract: Habrosyne sumatrana is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It is found in Indonesia (Sumatra).

text:
# Habrosyne sumatrana

***Habrosyne sumatrana*** is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It is found in Indonesia (Sumatra).

## InfoBox

| *Habrosyne sumatrana* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Drepanidae |
| Genus: | *Habrosyne* |
| Species: | ***H. sumatrana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Habrosyne sumatrana***<br>Werny, 1966 | |
|


title: Joe Restic

abstract: Joseph William Restic was an American gridiron football player and coach. He served as the head coach for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League (CFL) from 1968 to 1970 and as the head football coach at Harvard University from 1971 to 1993. He was known as a coaching innovator, devising a complex offense known as the multiflex while in Canada and taking it to Harvard.

text:
# Joe Restic

**Joseph William Restic** (July 21, 1926 – December 8, 2011) was an American gridiron football player and coach. He served as the head coach for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League (CFL) from 1968 to 1970 and as the head football coach at Harvard University from 1971 to 1993. He was known as a coaching innovator, devising a complex offense known as the multiflex while in Canada and taking it to Harvard.

## Playing career

Restic played college football at Saint Francis University and Villanova University and graduated in 1952. He played two seasons as an end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Philadelphia Eagles. He played professional baseball in the Philadelphia Phillies' farm system.

## Coaching career

From 1956 to 1958, he served as an assistant coach at Brown University. He was an assistant coach at Colgate University from 1959 to 1961. He joined the Hamilton Tiger-Cats as an assistant coach and later offensive coordinator. In 1968, he became the fourth head coach of the Hamilton Tiger-Cats, replacing Ralph Sazio. As head coach, he posted a 22173 record.

On January 5, 1971, he became the head coach of Harvard. He was head coach for 23 years amassing a record of 117976. He led Harvard to five Ivy League championships. When he retired in 1993, the 23 years that he coached at Harvard was the longest tenure in the school's 124 year football history.

Restic had a friendly rivalry with Yale coach Carmen Cozza who served as the Bulldogs coach for all of Restic's time at Harvard. During their period of the college football rivalry, known as The Game, Yale won 13 times to Harvard's 10.

Restic served as president of the American Football Coaches Association in 1988.

### Multiflex offense

While coaching in Canada, Restic devised the multiflex offense, which encompassed numerous formations, blocking strategies and pass patterns, sometimes with shifts at the last moment. The idea was to confuse the opponents. Restic explained that it was designed to "create doubt in the best athletes." For example, he would line-up three receivers on one side of the field, and then have them sprint to the opposite side just before the snap.

In 1979, a professor and former Harvard quarterback, Larry Brown, created a class titled Fundamentals of Multiflex Offense to explain the maneuvers of the strategy. Some of the students included the Crimson's defensive players.

## Personal life

Restic was one of ten children. His father, Louis, was a coal miner. Restic married Marian, known as Bea, who died in 2008. He had three children; his son Joe was a punter and safety for the Notre Dame in the 1970s.

In his later years he lived in Milford, Massachusetts and died in Boston after several years of declining health.

## Head coaching record

### College

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Harvard Crimson** *(Ivy League)* (1971–1993) | | | | | | | | |
| 1971 | Harvard | 5–4 | 4–3 | 4th |  |
| 1972 | Harvard | 4–4–1 | 3–3–1 | 5th |  |
| 1973 | Harvard | 7–2 | 5–2 | T–2nd |  |
| 1974 | Harvard | 7–2 | 6–1 | T–1st |  |
| 1975 | Harvard | 7–2 | 6–1 | 1st |  |
| 1976 | Harvard | 6–3 | 4–3 | T–3rd |  |
| 1977 | Harvard | 4–5 | 4–3 | T–3rd |  |
| 1978 | Harvard | 4–4–1 | 2–4–1 | T–5th |  |
| 1979 | Harvard | 3–6 | 3–4 | 6th |  |
| 1980 | Harvard | 7–3 | 4–3 | T–3rd |  |
| 1981 | Harvard | 5–4–1 | 4–2–1 | T–3rd |  |
| 1982 | Harvard | 7–3 | 5–2 | T–1st |  |
| 1983 | Harvard | 6–2–2 | 5–1–1 | T–1st |  |
| 1984 | Harvard | 5–4 | 5–2 | T–2nd |  |
| 1985 | Harvard | 7–3 | 5–2 | T–2nd |  |
| 1986 | Harvard | 3–7 | 3–4 | 5th |  |
| 1987 | Harvard | 8–2 | 6–1 | 1st |  |
| 1988 | Harvard | 2–8 | 2–5 | T–7th |  |
| 1989 | Harvard | 5–5 | 5–2 | 3rd |  |
| 1990 | Harvard | 5–5 | 3–4 | T–4th |  |
| 1991 | Harvard | 4–5–1 | 4–3 | T–3rd |  |
| 1992 | Harvard | 3–7 | 3–4 | 5th |  |
| 1993 | Harvard | 3–7 | 1–6 | T–7th |  |
| **Harvard:** | | 117–97–6 | 92–65–4 |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 117–97–6 |  | | | | | | |
| National championship         Conference title         Conference division title or championship game berth | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

Joe Restic
| Biographical details | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1926-07-21)July 21, 1926
Emeigh Run, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | December 8, 2011(2011-12-08) (aged 85)
Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Alma mater | Villanova |
| Playing career | |
| 1952–1953 | Philadelphia Eagles |
|  | |
| Position(s) | End |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| 1956–1958 | Brown (assistant) |
| 1959–1961 | Colgate (assistant) |
| 1962–1967 | Hamilton Tiger-Cats (assistant) |
| 1968–1970 | Hamilton Tiger-Cats |
| 1971–1993 | Harvard |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 22–17–3 (CFL)
117–97–6 (college) |
| Accomplishments and honors | |
| Championships | |
| 5 Ivy (1974–1975, 1982–1983, 1987) | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Nanjiao Township

abstract: Nanjiao Township is a township situated in the northern part of Fangshan District, Beijing, China. It borders Fozizhuang Town in the north, Zhoukoudian Town in the southeast, and Xiayunling Township in the southwest. The township was home to 3,190 residents in 2020. The name Nanjiao is taken from the township's location within a cellar-shaped basin.

text:
# Nanjiao Township

**Nanjiao Township** (Chinese: 南窖乡; pinyin: *Nánjiào Xiāng*) is a township situated in the northern part of Fangshan District, Beijing, China. It borders Fozizhuang Town in the north, Zhoukoudian Town in the southeast, and Xiayunling Township in the southwest. The township was home to 3,190 residents in 2020.

The name Nanjiao (Chinese: 南窖; lit. 'South Cellar') is taken from the township's location within a cellar-shaped basin.

## History

Timeline of Nanjiao Township's History
| Year | Status | Belonged to | Border change |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1916 - 1952 | 5th District (五区) | Fangshan County (房山县) |  |
| 1952 - 1953 | | Jingxi Mining Area (京西矿区) | |
| 1953 - 1956 | | Nanjiao Township | |
| 1956 - 1958 | | Xi'an Township (西安乡) was added in 1956 |
| 1958 - 1960 | Nanjiao Management District, Hebei People's Commune | Zhoukoudian District (周口店区) |  |
| 1960 - 1961 | | Fangshan County | |
| 1961 - 1980 | | Nanjiao People's Commune | |
| 1980 - 1983 | | Gongnong District of Beijing Bureau of Mining Affairs | |
| 1983 - 1992 | | Nanjiao Township | |
| 1992–present | | Fangshan District | |

## Administrative Divisions

In 2021, Nanjiao Township was constituted by 8 villages. All of them are listed in the table below:

| Administrative Division Code | Subdisvision Names | Name Transliterations |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 110111209200 | 花港 | Huagang |
| 110111209201 | 中窖 | Zhongjiao |
| 110111209202 | 大西沟 | Daxigou |
| 110111209203 | 水峪 | Shuiyu |
| 110111209204 | 南窖 | Nanjiao |
| 110111209205 | 北安 | Bei'an |
| 110111209206 | 南安 | Nan'an |
| 110111209207 | 三合 | Sanhe |

## InfoBox

| Nanjiao Township 南窖乡 | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Nanjiao TownshipNanjiao Township | |
| Coordinates: 39°45′50″N 115°50′27″E / 39.76389°N 115.84083°E / 39.76389; 115.84083 | |
| Country | China |
| Municipality | Beijing |
| District | Fangshan |
| Village-level Divisions | 8 villages |
| Area | |
| Total | 40.04 km2 (15.46 sq mi) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 3,190 |
| Density | 80/km2 (210/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 102418 |
| Area code | 010 |


title: Recombination signal sequences

abstract: Recombination signal sequences are conserved sequences of noncoding DNA that are recognized by the RAG1/RAG2 enzyme complex during V(D)J recombination in immature B cells and T cells. Recombination signal sequences guide the enzyme complex to the V, D, and J gene segments that will undergo recombination during the formation of the heavy and light-chain variable regions in T-cell receptors and immunoglobulin molecules.

text:
# Recombination signal sequences

**Recombination signal sequences** are conserved sequences of noncoding DNA that are recognized by the RAG1/RAG2 enzyme complex during V(D)J recombination in immature B cells and T cells. Recombination signal sequences guide the enzyme complex to the V, D, and J gene segments that will undergo recombination during the formation of the heavy and light-chain variable regions in T-cell receptors and immunoglobulin molecules.

## Structure

RSSs are made up of highly conserved heptamer sequences (7 base pairs), spacer sequences, and conserved nonamer sequences (9 base pairs) that are adjacent to the V, D and J sequences in the heavy-chain region of DNA and the V and J sequences in the light-chain DNA region. Spacer sequences are located between heptamer and nonamer sequences and exhibit base pair variety but are always either 12 base pairs or 23 base pairs long. Heptamer sequences are usually `**CAC**AGTG` and nonamers are usually `ACAA**AA**ACC`. The nucleotides in bold are more highly conserved. The RAG1/RAG2 enzyme complex follows the 12-23 rule when joining V, D, and J segments, pairing 12-bp spacer RSSs to 23-bp spacer RSSs. This prevents two different genes coding for the same region from recombining (ex. V-V recombination). RSSs are located between V, D, and J segments of the germ-line DNA of maturing B and T lymphocytes and are permanently spliced out of the final Ig mRNA product after V(D)J recombination is complete.

## Function

The RAG1/RAG2 enzyme complex recognizes the heptamer sequences flanking the V and J coding regions and nicks their 5' end, releasing the intervening DNA between the V and J coding regions. In the heavy-chain coding region of DNA, the RAG1/RAG2 enzyme complex recognizes the RSSs flanking the D and J segments and brings them together, forming a loop containing intervening DNA. The RAG1/RAG2 complex then introduces a nick at the 5' end of the RSS heptamers adjacent to the coding regions on both the D and J segments, permanently removing the loop of intervening DNA and creating a double-stranded break that is repaired by VDJ recombinase enzymes. This process is repeated for the joining of V to DJ. In light-chain rearrangement, only V and J segments are brought together.

### cRSS

Cryptic RSSs are gene sequences that resemble authentic RSSs and are occasionally mistaken for them by the RAG1/RAG2 enzyme complex. Recombining an RSS with a cRSS can lead to chromosome translocations, which can lead to cancer.

### Omenn's Syndrome

Some infants born with autosomal recessive SCIDS lack a functional copies of the genes that code for the RAG1/RAG2 enzyme complex because of missense mutations. These infants will produce a non-functional RAG1/RAG2 enzyme complex that cannot recognize RSSs and therefore cannot initiate V(D)J recombination effectively. This disorder is characterized by a lack of functioning B and T cells.


title: Milt Reed

abstract: Milton D. Reed was a middle infielder in Major League Baseball from 1911 to 1915. He was later the player/manager for the Lakeland Highlanders in the Florida State League in 1921.

text:
# Milt Reed

**Milton D. Reed** (July 4, 1890 in Atlanta, Georgia – July 27, 1938 in Atlanta, Georgia) was a middle infielder in Major League Baseball from 1911 to 1915. He was later the player/manager for the Lakeland Highlanders in the Florida State League in 1921.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Milt Reed | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| **Shortstop** | |
| **Born:** (1890-07-04)July 4, 1890
Atlanta, Georgia | |
| **Died:** July 27, 1938(1938-07-27) (aged 48)
Atlanta, Georgia | |
| **Batted:** Left**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| September 19, 1911, for the St. Louis Cardinals | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| April 23, 1915, for the Brooklyn Tip-Tops | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Games played | 68 |
| At bats | 163 |
| Hits | 37 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Mordella castellanii

abstract: Mordella castellanii is a species of beetle in the genus Mordella of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1949.

text:
# Mordella castellanii

***Mordella castellanii*** is a species of beetle in the genus *Mordella* of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1949.

## InfoBox

| *Mordella castellanii* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Subfamily: | Mordellinae |
| Tribe: | Mordellini |
| Genus: | *Mordella* |
| Species: | ***M. castellanii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordella castellanii***<br>Franciscolo, 1949 | |
|


title: Flora V. Livingston

abstract: Flora V. Livingston (1862-1949) was an American librarian and bibliographer.

text:
# Flora V. Livingston

**Flora V. Livingston** (1862-1949) was an American librarian and bibliographer.

## Early life

Flora Virginia Milner was born in Montana in 1862. She married the horticulturalist, bibliographer, and librarian Luther S. Livingston in 1898.

## Professional career

Livingston's husband had been appointed first librarian of the Harry Elkins Widener Memorial Collection at Harvard University but he died in 1914 before having been able to take up the position. The following year, George Parker Winship was appointed librarian and Livingston became his assistant. In 1926 she became its curator, a position she held until 1947.

Livingston contributed to the uncovering of Thomas J. Wise's forgeries by John Carter and Graham Pollard.

Her bibliographic studies included Lewis Carroll, Robert Louis Stevenson, and Frederick Locker-Lampson. After compiling a bibliography of Rudyard Kipling, Livingston bequeathed her Kipling collection to her great-nephew Paul Montgomery, whose wife Helen Jenkins in turn bequeathed it to the University of Missouri in 2013.

## Selected publications

* W. F. Prideaux, *A Bibliography of the Works of Robert Louis Stevenson*, new edition by Flora Livingston (Hollings, 1917)
* *Swinburne's Proof Sheets and American First Editions* (Cosmos, 1920)
* *Bibliography of the Works of Rudyard Kipling* (E.H. Wells, 1927; supplement, Harvard University Press, 1938)
* *The Harcourt Amory Collection of Lewis Carroll in the Harvard College Library* (Harvard University Press, 1932)
* Editor, *Charles Dickens's Letters to Charles Lever* (Harvard University Press, 1933)

A fuller bibliography has been compiled by August A. Imholtz.

## InfoBox

| Flora Virginia Milner Livingston | |
| --- | --- |
| Livingston in 1923 | |
| Born | Flora Virginia Milner<br>(1862-11-25)November 25, 1862 |
| Died | November 23, 1949(1949-11-23) (aged 86) |
| Occupation | librarian |


title: Mimacronia decimaculata

abstract: Mimacronia decimaculata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Schultze in 1919, originally under the genus Acronia. It is known from the Philippines.

text:
# Mimacronia decimaculata

***Mimacronia decimaculata*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Schultze in 1919, originally under the genus *Acronia*. It is known from the Philippines.

## InfoBox

| *Mimacronia decimaculata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Tribe: | Pteropliini |
| Genus: | *Mimacronia* |
| Species: | ***M. decimaculata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mimacronia decimaculata***<br>(Schultze, 1919) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Acronia? decimaculata* Schultze, 1919 | |


title: Hallgrímur Sveinsson

abstract: Hallgrímur Sveinsson was an Icelandic prelate who serviced as Bishop of Iceland from 1889 till 1908.

text:
# Hallgrímur Sveinsson

**Hallgrímur Sveinsson** (5 April 1841 – 16 December 1909) was an Icelandic prelate who serviced as Bishop of Iceland from 1889 till 1908.

## Biography

Hallgrímur was born on 5 April 1841 in Blöndudalshólar, Iceland, the son of Sveinn Níelsson, a member of parliament, and Guðrún Jónsdóttir. He graduated from the Reykjavik School in 1863 and from the University of Copenhagen in 1870. Between 1870 and 1871, he studied at the seminary in Copenhagen. In 1971 he joined and became a member of the Reykjavik Cathedral priests. That same year he also married Elina Marie Bolette Fevejle. They had four children, Friðrik, Guðrún, Sveinn and Ágústa. Between 1885-1887 and 1893-1905 he was a member of the Althing, the Icelandic parliament, for the Framfaraflokkurinn party and the old Framsóknarflokkurinn party. He served as speaker of the Althing from 1897 to 1899. On 16 April 1889 he was appointed Bishop of Iceland and was consecrated on 25 May in Copenhagen. He retired on 19 September 1908.

## InfoBox

| The Right Reverend
Hallgrímur Sveinsson | |
| --- | --- |
| Bishop of Iceland | |
|  | |
| Church | Church of Iceland |
| Diocese | Iceland |
| Appointed | 16 April 1889 |
| In office | 1889–1908 |
| Predecessor | Pétur Pétursson |
| Successor | Þórhallur Bjarnarson |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 8 October 1871 |
| Consecration | 25 May 1889
by Bruun Juul Fog |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1841-04-05)5 April 1841
Blöndudalshólar, Iceland |
| Died | 16 December 1909(1909-12-16) (aged 68) |
| Nationality | Icelandic |
| Denomination | Lutheran |
| Parents | Sveinn Níelsson & Guðrún Jónsdóttir |
| Spouse | Elina Marie Bolette Fevejle |
| Children | 4 |


title: Pasiphilodes nina

abstract: Pasiphilodes nina is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found on Fiji.

text:
# Pasiphilodes nina

***Pasiphilodes nina*** is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found on Fiji.

## InfoBox

| *Pasiphilodes nina* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Pasiphilodes* |
| Species: | ***P. nina*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pasiphilodes nina***<br>(Robinson, 1975) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Chloroclystis nina* Robinson, 1975 * *Pasiphila nina* | |


title: Reuben Gant

abstract: Reuben Charles Gant is an American former professional football player who was a tight end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Buffalo Bills. He played college football at Oklahoma State University.

text:
# Reuben Gant

**Reuben Charles Gant** (born April 12, 1952) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Buffalo Bills. He played college football at Oklahoma State University.

## InfoBox

Reuben Gant
| No. 88 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Tight end |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1952-04-12) April 12, 1952<br>Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) |
| Weight: | 230 lb (104 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Booker T. Washington (OK) |
| College: | Oklahoma State |
| NFL draft: | 1974 / round: 1 / pick: 18 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Receptions: 127  Receiving yards: 1,850  Touchdowns: 15 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Joculator psyllos

abstract: Joculator psyllos is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Cerithiopsidae. The species was described by Jay and Drivas in 2002.

text:
# Joculator psyllos

***Joculator psyllos*** is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Cerithiopsidae. The species was described by Jay and Drivas in 2002.

## InfoBox

| *Joculator psyllos* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| *Clade*: | Hypsogastropoda |
| Family: | Cerithiopsidae |
| Genus: | *Joculator* |
| Species: | ***J. psyllos*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Joculator psyllos***<br>Jay & Drivas, 2002 | |
|


title: Zatrephes variegata

abstract: Zatrephes variegata is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Walter Rothschild in 1909. It is found in French Guiana, Venezuela and Brazil.

text:
# Zatrephes variegata

***Zatrephes variegata*** is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Walter Rothschild in 1909. It is found in French Guiana, Venezuela and Brazil.

## InfoBox

| *Zatrephes variegata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Zatrephes* |
| Species: | ***Z. variegata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Zatrephes variegata***<br>Rothschild, 1909 | |
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title: Red lunulae

abstract: Red lunulae is characterized by a dusky erythema confined to the lunulae, as has been reported in association with alopecia areata. It is most commonly seen on the thumbnail.

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# Red lunulae

**Red lunulae** is characterized by a dusky erythema confined to the lunulae, as has been reported in association with alopecia areata. It is most commonly seen on the thumbnail.

## Signs and symptoms

Red lunulae describes erythema that either totally or partially takes the place of that structure's typical white tone. It is typically visible on the thumbnail, where the lunula is most noticeable.

## Causes

Increased arteriolar blood flow, the vasodilatory capacitance phenomenon, and modifications to the optical characteristics of the nail plate overlaying the blood vessel, which accentuates the normal blood vessels, have all been proposed as possible causes of the red lunula.

Disorders associated with red lunulae include systemic lupus erythematosus, reticulosarcoma, psoriasis, hepatic cirrhosis, lymphogranuloma venereum, rheumatoid arthritis, alopecia areata, cardiac failure, and carbon monoxide poisoning.

## History

Terry originally reported red lunulae in patients in 1954.

## Further reading

* Roest, Y; Middendorp, H; Evers, A; Kerkhof, P; Pasch, M (2018). "Nail Involvement in Alopecia Areata: A Questionnaire-based Survey on Clinical Signs, Impact on Quality of Life and Review of the Literature". *Acta Dermato Venereologica*. **98** (2). Medical Journals Sweden AB: 212–217. doi:10.2340/00015555-2810. hdl:2066/190317. ISSN 0001-5555.
* Jorizzo, Joseph L.; GonzalezD, Emilio B.; Daniels, Jerry C. (1983). "Red lunulae in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis". *Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology*. **8** (5). Elsevier BV: 711–714. doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(83)70085-x. ISSN 0190-9622.

## InfoBox

| Red lunulae | |
| --- | --- |
| Specialty | Dermatology |