abstract: The Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University brings together biomedical, nutritional, clinical, social, and behavioral scientists to conduct research, educational, and community service programs in the field of human nutrition. Founded in 1981, the school's mission is to generate trusted science, educate future leaders, and produce real world impact in nutrition science and policy. The school has long billed itself as "only graduate school of nutrition in the United States". The Friedman School is one of the eight schools that currently comprise Tufts University. Although originally split between the university's Medford/Somerville campus and the health sciences campus in Boston, almost all of the school's facilities and programs now share the health sciences campus with the School of Medicine and the School of Dental Medicine. The Jaharis Family Center for Biomedical and Nutrition Research, which opened in 2002, houses most of the nutrition school. The school currently enrolls over 200 masters and doctoral students.

text:
# Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy

The **Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy** (also called the *Friedman School*) at Tufts University brings together biomedical, nutritional, clinical, social, and behavioral scientists to conduct research, educational, and community service programs in the field of human nutrition. Founded in 1981, the school's mission is to generate trusted science, educate future leaders, and produce real world impact in nutrition science and policy. The school has long billed itself as "only graduate school of nutrition in the United States".

The Friedman School is one of the eight schools that currently comprise Tufts University. Although originally split between the university's Medford/Somerville campus and the health sciences campus in Boston, almost all of the school's facilities and programs now share the health sciences campus with the School of Medicine and the School of Dental Medicine. The Jaharis Family Center for Biomedical and Nutrition Research, which opened in 2002, houses most of the nutrition school. The school currently enrolls over 200 masters and doctoral students.

## Organization and faculty

The Friedman School is under the supervision of a dean, appointed by the president and the provost, with the approval of the Trustees of Tufts College (the university's governing board). The dean has responsibility for the overall administration of the school, including faculty appointments, curriculum, admissions and financial aid, student affairs, development, and facilities.

Faculty at the school include biomedical scientists, economists, nutritionists, epidemiologists, physicians, political scientists and psychologists focusing on a myriad of issues with the common thread of nutrition and its role in understanding and fostering the growth and development of human populations. The school's concern with the problems of hunger and malnutrition in United States and abroad is reflected in the research and applied work being done by its faculty and students. Areas of specialty include the socioeconomic parameters of malnutrition, nutrition program design and implementation, social marketing and development policy. Graduates of the programs in these areas are employed in government and non-governmental agencies as well as private voluntary organizations throughout the world and in the United States.

Many Friedman School faculty members hold a dual appointment at the Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging. Supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service, the HNRCA is the largest research institution in the world devoted to investigating the relationship between nutrition and aging.

## Leadership and faculty

Christina Economos was appointed dean on July 1, 2023. Dean Economos successfully led the Friedman School as dean ad interim over the preceding year. Building on her long career at the Friedman School, she launched the development of a growth and sustainability plan for the school, strengthened communications and culture, and focused on bringing new faculty to the school.

Past deans have included Dariush Mozaffarian, a cardiologist who had long warned about the dangers of obesity, years before the COVID-19 pandemic.

42°20′58″N 71°03′43″W / 42.34950°N 71.06188°W / 42.34950; -71.06188

## InfoBox

Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy
| Motto | Pax et Lux (*Peace and Light*) |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Private |
| Established | 1981 |
| Dean | Christina Economos |
| Location | Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Campus | Urban |
| Colors | Brown, Blue |
| Website | nutrition.tufts.edu |


title: Norris J. Kellman

abstract: Norris J. Kellman was a politician in the State of Wisconsin. He was born in Galesville, Wisconsin. His father, Frank A. Kellman, served in the Wisconsin State Assembly.

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# Norris J. Kellman

**Norris J. Kellman** (October 23, 1898 – August 10, 1993) was a politician in the State of Wisconsin.

He was born in Galesville, Wisconsin. His father, Frank A. Kellman, served in the Wisconsin State Assembly.

## Career

Kellman was a delegate to the 1940 and 1944 and served in the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1939 to 1940. He served in the United States Army during World War I. He went to University of Wisconsin–La Crosse. He was in the insurance business and was the assistant postmaster in Galesville. He also served on the Trempealeau County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors. In 1941, he was the sergeant at arms for the Wisconsin State Assembly. He died on August 10, 1993.


title: Gail Atkinson

abstract: Gail Marie Atkinson is a Canadian seismologist. She is a former professor at the University of Western Ontario and Canada Research Chair in Earthquake Hazards and Ground Motions. In 2014, Atkinson was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada for being an "international leader in the development of models to predict earthquake ground motions as a function of magnitude and distance."

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# Gail Atkinson

**Gail Marie Atkinson** (born 1957) is a Canadian seismologist. She is a former professor at the University of Western Ontario and Canada Research Chair in Earthquake Hazards and Ground Motions. In 2014, Atkinson was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada for being an "international leader in the development of models to predict earthquake ground motions as a function of magnitude and distance."

## Early life and education

Atkinson was born in 1957. She completed her Bachelor of Science degree in geology and physics from Carleton University in 1978 before earning her master's degree in civil engineering at the University of Western Ontario. Following her graduate degree, Atkinson worked with Klohn Leonoff Consulting Engineers and Acres International Ltd and held research fellowships with the University of British Columbia and the Geological Survey of Canada. She eventually returned to UWO for her PhD in geophysics, which she received in 1993.

## Career

Upon completing her PhD, Atkinson accepted a faculty position teaching earth sciences at Carleton University. In this role, she analyzed dams, power plants and other buildings across North America to determine their earthquake readiness. In 2001, she received funding to create a national rapid-warning system for potentially destructive earthquakes. In order to establish this system, she oversaw the implementation of a series of 90 seismic probes buried in strategic locations across Canada, each connected by satellite to data centres. During this time, she was also serving as president of Polaris, a joint venture involving government, industry, utilities, and five universities. By 2004, Atkinson's research team installed 70 seismic devices in Ontario, British Columbia and the Northwest Territories. As a result of her efforts, Atkinson received one of Ontario Premier's Research Excellence Awards.

Atkinson remained at Carleton until 2007 when she accepted became the Canada Research Chair in Earthquake Hazards and Ground Motions at the University of Western Ontario. Shortly after accepting this role, Atkinson was named the 2007 William B. Joyner Memorial Lecturer from the Seismological Society of America. In 2010, she partook in a nation-wide study looking at seismic hazards following the 2010 Central Canada earthquake. As a result of her interests into earthquakes, Atkinson partnered with the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, TransAlta, and Nanometrics to establish a multi-institutional collaborative research program on Induced Seismicity Processes and Hazards.

In 2014, Atkinson was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada for being an "international leader in the development of models to predict earthquake ground motions as a function of magnitude and distance." Two years later, she was the recipient of the 2016 J. Tuzo Wilson Medal as someone who had made an outstanding contribution to the field of geophysics in Canada. In 2018, Atkinson was awarded the Hellmuth Prize for Achievement in Research for her research at the engineering-seismology interface.

In 2020, Atkinson was recognized with the Harry Fielding Reid Medal for her seminal contributions in engineering seismology, especially regarding ground motion characterization. She later retired the same year and moved to British Columbia.

## Personal life

Atkinson and her husband have two children together.

## InfoBox

| Gail Atkinson | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1957 (age 6667)
Canada |
| Occupation(s) | seismologist, academic |
| Awards | 2016 J. Tuzo Wilson Medal |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Education | BSc, Physics and Geology, 1978, Carleton University
MEngSc, Civil Engineering, 1980, PhD, 1993, University of Western Ontario |
| Thesis | *Seismic risk in northern Canada and applications to pipeline projects* (1993) |
| Academic work | |
| Institutions | University of Western Ontario
Carleton University |
|  | |


title: Moral equivalence

abstract: Moral equivalence is a term used in political debate, usually to deny that a moral comparison can be made of two sides in a conflict, or in the actions or tactics of two sides. The term had some currency in polemic debates about the Cold War. "Moral equivalence" began to be used as a polemic term-of-retort to "moral relativism", which had been gaining use as an indictment against political foreign policy that appeared to use only a situation-based application of widely held ethical standards. International conflicts are sometimes viewed similarly, and interested parties periodically urge both sides to conduct a ceasefire and negotiate their differences. However these negotiations may prove difficult in that both parties in a conflict believe that they are morally superior to the other, and are unwilling to negotiate on basis of moral equivalence.

text:
# Moral equivalence

**Moral equivalence** is a term used in political debate, usually to deny that a moral comparison can be made of two sides in a conflict, or in the actions or tactics of two sides.

The term had some currency in polemic debates about the Cold War. "Moral equivalence" began to be used as a polemic *term-of-retort* to "moral relativism", which had been gaining use as an indictment against political foreign policy that appeared to use only a situation-based application of widely held ethical standards.

International conflicts are sometimes viewed similarly, and interested parties periodically urge both sides to conduct a ceasefire and negotiate their differences. However these negotiations may prove difficult in that both parties in a conflict believe that they are morally superior to the other, and are unwilling to negotiate on basis of moral equivalence.

## Cold War

In the Cold War context, the term was and is most commonly used by anticommunists as an accusation of formal fallacy for leftist criticisms of United States foreign policy and military conduct.

Many such people believed in the idea that the United States was intrinsically benevolent and that the extension of its power, influence, and hegemony was an extension of benevolence and would bring freedom to those people subject to that hegemony. Therefore, those who opposed the United States were by definition evil, trying to deny its benevolence to people. The Soviet Union and its allies, in contrast, practiced a totalitarian ideology. A territory under US hegemony thus would be freed from possibly being in the camp of the totalitarian power and would help to weaken it. Thus, all means were justified in keeping territories away from Soviet influence in this way. That extended to countries not under Soviet influence but instead said to be sympathetic at all in any way with it. Therefore, Chile under Salvador Allende was not under Soviet domination, but removing him would help weaken the Soviet Union by removing a government ruled with the help of the Communist Party. The big picture, they would say, justified the tortures carried out by the Augusto Pinochet dictatorship, as it served to weaken the totalitarian communist camp and in time bring about the freedom of those under its domination.

Some of those who criticized US foreign policy at the time contended that US power in the Cold War was used only to pursue an economically driven agenda of capitalism. They claim that the underlying economic motivation eroded any claims of moral superiority, leaving the hostile acts (in Korea, Hungary, Cuba, Vietnam, Afghanistan, Nicaragua) to stand on their own. In contrast, those who justified US interventions in the Cold War period always cast these as being motivated by the need to contain totalitarianism and thus fulfilled a higher moral imperative.

An early popularizer of the expression was Jeane Kirkpatrick, the US ambassador to the United Nations during the Reagan administration. Kirkpatrick published the article "The Myth of Moral Equivalence" in 1986, which sharply criticized those who she alleged were claiming that there was "no moral difference" between the Soviet Union and democratic states. In fact, very few critics of US policies during the Cold War argued that there was a moral equivalence between the two sides. Communists, for instance, argued that the Soviet Union was morally superior to its adversaries. Kirkpatrick herself was one of the most outspoken voices calling for the US to support authoritarian military regimes in Central America that were responsible for major human rights violations. When four US churchwomen were raped and murdered by government soldiers in El Salvador, Kirkpatrick downplayed the gravity of the crime and claimed that "the nuns were not just nuns, they were political activists." According to Congressman Robert Torricelli, Reagan administration officials, including Kirkpatrick, deliberately suppressed information about government abuses in El Salvador: "While the Reagan Administration was certifying human rights progress in El Salvador they knew the terrible truth that the Salvadoran military was engaged in a widespread campaign of terror and torture."

Leftist critics usually argued that the United States itself created a "moral equivalence" when some of its actions, such as President Ronald Reagan's support for the *Contra* insurgency against the Sandinista government in Nicaragua, put it on the same level of immorality as the Soviet Union.

Moral equivalence has featured in debates over NATO expansion, the overthrow of rogue states, the invasion of Iraq, and the War on Terror. Concepts of moral hierarchy have been applied to foreign policy challenges such as Islamic fundamentalists, anti-Israel powers, Russia, China, drug traffickers, and Serbian nationalists.


title: Hunter-Coulter House

abstract: The Hunter-Coulter House is a historic house at the northern corner of 2nd and Commerce Streets in Ashdown, Arkansas. It is a single-story wood-frame structure, with a gable roof, which extends over a full-width front porch supported by heavy wooden columns on brick piers. The house is an example of American craftsman architecture, with exposed rafters and large knee brackets visible. The house was built in 1918 for William Grant Hunter, during the building boom that followed the railroad's arrival in Ashdown. It is one of the few residences in the county to survive from that period. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

text:
# Hunter-Coulter House

The **Hunter-Coulter House** is a historic house at the northern corner of 2nd and Commerce Streets in Ashdown, Arkansas. It is a single-story wood-frame structure, with a gable roof, which extends over a full-width front porch supported by heavy wooden columns on brick piers. The house is an example of American craftsman architecture, with exposed rafters and large knee brackets visible. The house was built in 1918 for William Grant Hunter, during the building boom that followed the railroad's arrival in Ashdown. It is one of the few residences in the county to survive from that period.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Hunter-Coulter House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location in ArkansasLocation in United States | |
| Location | Jct. of 2nd and Commerce Sts., NW corner, Ashdown, Arkansas |
| Coordinates | 33°40′21″N 94°7′56″W / 33.67250°N 94.13222°W / 33.67250; -94.13222 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1918 (1918) |
| Built by | Henry Westbrook |
| Architectural style | Bungalow/American craftsman |
| MPS | Railroad Era Resources of Southwest Arkansas MPS |
| NRHP reference No. | 96000633 |
| Added to NRHP | June 20, 1996 |


title: Vilma Egresi

abstract: Vilma Egresi is a Hungarian sprint canoer who competed from the mid-1950s to the early 1960s. She won a bronze medal in the K-2 500 m event at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. Egresi also won a silver medal in the K-2 500 m event at the 1954 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Mâcon.

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# Vilma Egresi

**Vilma Egresi** (May 7, 1936 - January 7, 1979) is a Hungarian sprint canoer who competed from the mid-1950s to the early 1960s. She won a bronze medal in the K-2 500 m event at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome.

Egresi also won a silver medal in the K-2 500 m event at the 1954 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Mâcon.

## InfoBox

Vilma Egresi
| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Women's canoe sprint | | |
| Olympic Games | | |
|  | 1960 Rome | K-2 500 m |
| World Championships | | |
|  | 1954 Mâcon | K-2 500 m |


title: Paula Hollinger

abstract: Paula C. Hollinger is a Democratic Party politician from Maryland in the United States. She most recently served as the associate director for health workforce in the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, retiring in 2015. Until 2007, she served in the Maryland State Senate as a Senate Committee Chair, and was a candidate for Maryland's third congressional district in 2006. The seat was being vacated by Ben Cardin, who was seeking the Democratic nomination for the United States Senate seat being vacated by Senator Paul Sarbanes. She came in third place in a field of eight other Democrats, garnering 21.3% of the vote. Hollinger was in the General Assembly for 28 years. She was elected as a delegate in 1979, and became a state senator in 1986. Hollinger chaired the Senate Education, Health, and Environmental Affairs Committee in the Maryland General Assembly, serving as the only woman to chair one of the four standing senate committees. Hollinger is a former nurse, teacher and lecturer. She was a delegate for then Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter at the 1976 Democratic Convention, she also attended the 2000 Democratic Convention as a delegate for former Vice President Al Gore. Hollinger married her husband, Paul, in 1962. The couple has three children and seven grandchildren.

text:
# Paula Hollinger

**Paula C. Hollinger** (born December 30, 1940, in Washington, D.C.) is a Democratic Party politician from Maryland in the United States.

She most recently served as the associate director for health workforce in the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, retiring in 2015. Until 2007, she served in the Maryland State Senate as a Senate Committee Chair, and was a candidate for Maryland's third congressional district in 2006. The seat was being vacated by Ben Cardin, who was seeking the Democratic nomination for the United States Senate seat being vacated by Senator Paul Sarbanes. She came in third place in a field of eight other Democrats, garnering 21.3% of the vote.

Hollinger was in the General Assembly for 28 years. She was elected as a delegate in 1979, and became a state senator in 1986.

Hollinger chaired the Senate Education, Health, and Environmental Affairs Committee in the Maryland General Assembly, serving as the only woman to chair one of the four standing senate committees.

Hollinger is a former nurse, teacher and lecturer. She was a delegate for then Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter at the 1976 Democratic Convention, she also attended the 2000 Democratic Convention as a delegate for former Vice President Al Gore.

Hollinger married her husband, Paul, in 1962. The couple has three children and seven grandchildren.

## InfoBox

| Paula C. Hollinger | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Maryland Senate
from the 11th district | |
| **In office**
January 14, 1987  January 10, 2007 | |
| Succeeded by | Robert Zirkin |
| Member of the Maryland House of Delegates
from the 12th and 11th district | |
| **In office**
January 1979  January 1987 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1940-12-30) December 30, 1940
Washington, D.C., U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Paul |
| Children | 3 |
| Occupation | * politician * nurse * educator |
|  | |


title: Murder Dog IV: Trial of the Murder Dog

abstract: Murder Dog IV: Trial of the Murder Dog is a 2011 video game by Irish independent developer Stephen Gillmurphy, under the name thecatamites. Murder Dog is an adventure game which involves the player in a courtroom defense of the titular Murder Dog, a canine with a comically obvious penchant for murder. Whilst Murder Dog was satirical in nature, the game received recognition from many critics for its subversive commentary on the justice system.

text:
# Murder Dog IV: Trial of the Murder Dog

***Murder Dog IV: Trial of the Murder Dog*** is a 2011 video game by Irish independent developer Stephen Gillmurphy, under the name thecatamites. *Murder Dog* is an adventure game which involves the player in a courtroom defense of the titular Murder Dog, a canine with a comically obvious penchant for murder. Whilst *Murder Dog* was satirical in nature, the game received recognition from many critics for its subversive commentary on the justice system.

## Plot

> The legal system must make a distinction between what we 'know' as individuals and what can be demonstrated as evidence in this bizarre ritualistic setting.
>
> Dog, in Murder Dog

The player assists "noted murder enthusiast" Murder Dog, a canine on trial at the Hague for "crimes against humanity", charged with "more than 1,500 instances of brutal homicide". Murder Dog is openly unremorseful for the suffering he has caused and vows to murder again, stating openly his "thirst for bloodshed remains voluminous." It is up to the player to present Murder Dog's case and determine the outcome through one of six endings. A small dog located at the bottom of the screen provides commentary on the proceedings as they unfold and their implications for the justice system, whilst opining over the nature of violence and justice.

## Gameplay

The player presents Murder Dog's case using a point-and-click interface to plead their case, present multiple items of evidence, call and cross-examine witnesses, and rest their case. Dialog is presented to the player through a dialog box, as well as a lower dialog box for commentary by the small dog. The dialog options in the game create branching depending on the evidence that is submitted, although it is up to the player as to whether to indict or attempt to exculpate Murder Dog for his crimes. For instance, Murder Dog can eat the evidence presented, destroy witnesses, and attempt to refute the evidence and witness testimonies presented, as well as attempting to murder the jury.

## Development

*Murder Dog IV* was developed by Irish independent game developer Stephen Gillmurphy, known for his work on the game Space Funeral and other independent titles. The game was developed by Gillmurphy over two weeks for a game jam on the defunct platform *Super Friendship Club*. In 2011, the game was released as part of the *IGF Pirate Kart*, a compilation of independent video games organised by Mike Meyer resembling a multicart for entry in the 2012 Independent Games Festival. In October 2019, a Macintosh port of the game was published by programmer Jonathan Cole.

## Reception

*Murder Dog IV* received positive attention from critics as a satirical game and unexpected source of subversive commentary on the justice system. As part of a series of articles titled *At Play in the Carceral State*, *Vice* writer Cameron Kunzelman reflected the game "revels in the arbitrariness of justice" and "meditates on real-world ideas in a strange, chaotic, and overly-violent way," pressuring "the things we take for granted about the justice system, and about the notion of justice period." Writing for *Rock Paper Shotgun* Alec Meer sardonically praised the game as a "libertarian rebuke of the modern justice society" and "liberal treatise against the covert endorsement and use of violence by police". A follow-up retrospective by Brendan Caldwell concured the game was "dangerously self-aware", noting "for unknown reasons", the "verbose dog at the bottom of the screen...finds the entire justice system quaint and unnecessary. He is excellent." Writing for *Paste*, Darius Kazemi praised the game as a "vehicle for wildly funny parody and social commentary", describing the art style as "perfect."

*Murder Dog IV* was also a winning entry in the 2020 Game Developers Conference Game Narrative Review Competition, in which game design students complete a detailed analysis of the narrative elements of a game of their choice in their program. Analysing the game, Merita Lundstrom of University of California Santa Cruz stated the game "poses a number of interesting questions about the nature of courtroom proceedings, the failings of the judicial court system, and the relationship between the player and their protagonist’s heinous actions," stating the game's "absurdist humor and hand-formed visuals create the perfect atmosphere for a game as playful and satirical as this one."

## InfoBox

| Murder Dog IV: Trial of the Murder Dog | |
| --- | --- |
| Main menu | |
| Developer(s) | Stephen Gillmurphy |
| Engine | Adventure Game Studio |
| Platform(s) | Windows, Macintosh |
| Release | 1 August 2011 |
| Genre(s) | Adventure |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: Friends meeting houses in Pennsylvania

abstract: Friends meeting houses are places of worship for the Religious Society of Friends, or Quakers. A "meeting" is the equivalent of a church congregation, and a "meeting house" is the equivalent of a church building. Several Friends meetings were founded in Pennsylvania in the early 1680s. The Merion Friends Meeting House is the only surviving meeting house constructed before 1700. Thirty-two surviving Pennsylvania meeting houses were constructed before 1800, and are listed individually on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) or as contributing properties in historic districts. More than one hundred meeting houses constructed before 1900 were documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey, and published in Silent Witness: Quaker Meeting Houses in the Delaware Valley, 1695 to the Present (2002). Those that were involved in the Underground Railroad have been identified by the Federal NETWORK TO FREEDOM program (NTF). One of the key tenets of the Religious Society of Friends is pacifism, adherence to the Peace Testimony. The "Free Quakers" were supporters of the American Revolutionary War, separated from the Society, and built their own meeting house in Philadelphia, at 5th & Arch Streets (1783). In 1827, the Great Separation divided Pennsylvania Quakers into two branches, Orthodox and Hicksite. Many individual meetings also separated, but one branch generally kept possession of the meeting house. The two branches reunited in the 1950s.

text:
# Friends meeting houses in Pennsylvania

**Friends meeting houses** are places of worship for the Religious Society of Friends, or Quakers. A "meeting" is the equivalent of a church congregation, and a "meeting house" is the equivalent of a church building.

Several Friends meetings were founded in Pennsylvania in the early 1680s. The Merion Friends Meeting House is the only surviving meeting house constructed before 1700. Thirty-two surviving Pennsylvania meeting houses were constructed before 1800, and are listed individually on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) or as contributing properties in historic districts. More than one hundred meeting houses constructed before 1900 were documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey, and published in *Silent Witness: Quaker Meeting Houses in the Delaware Valley, 1695 to the Present* (2002). Those that were involved in the Underground Railroad have been identified by the Federal NETWORK TO FREEDOM program (NTF).

One of the key tenets of the Religious Society of Friends is pacifism, adherence to the Peace Testimony. The "Free Quakers" were supporters of the American Revolutionary War, separated from the Society, and built their own meeting house in Philadelphia, at 5th & Arch Streets (1783).

In 1827, the *Great Separation* divided Pennsylvania Quakers into two branches, Orthodox and Hicksite. Many individual meetings also separated, but one branch generally kept possession of the meeting house. The two branches reunited in the 1950s.

## Meeting houses

| Name | Photo | Founded | Constructed | Branch | Notes | Location | Reference |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Abington Friends Meeting House |  | 1683 | 1786 | Hicksite |  | 520 Meeting House Rd., Jenkintown
40°05′38″N 75°07′06″W / 40.0939°N 75.1182°W / 40.0939; -75.1182 (Abington) | FMHS |
| Arch Street Friends Meeting House |  | 1681 | 1804, 1811 | Orthodox | Philadelphia Yearly Meeting | 304 Arch St., Philadelphia
39°57′07″N 75°08′46″W / 39.9519°N 75.1462°W / 39.9519; -75.1462 (Arch St.) | NHL |
| Bart Friends Meeting |  | 1820 | 1825 | Hicksite |  | Quaker Church Rd., Christiana
39°55′58″N 76°02′50″W / 39.9328°N 76.0473°W / 39.9328; -76.0473 (Bart) |  |
| Birmingham Friends Meetinghouse |
More images | 1726 | 1763 | Hicksite |  | Birmingham Rd. near Rt. 926, West Chester
39°54′21″N 75°35′39″W / 39.9057°N 75.5943°W / 39.9057; -75.5943 (Birmingham) | NRHP |
| Birmingham Orthodox Friends Meeting House |  |  |  |  | About 100 yd (91 m) from Hicksite meeting house.
Now a private home. |  | NRHP |
| Bradford Friends Meetinghouse |  | 1716, 1726 | 1765 | Orthodox |  | 1364 West Strasburg Road, Marshallton
39°56′59″N 75°40′48″W / 39.9496°N 75.6800°W / 39.9496; -75.6800 (Bradford) | NRHP |
| Bristol Friends Meeting House |  | 1707, 1711 | 1713-19 | Hicksite |  | Market & Woods St., Bristol
40°05′47″N 74°51′26″W / 40.0963°N 74.8572°W / 40.0963; -74.8572 (Bristol) | FMHS
NRHP HD |
| Buckingham Friends Meeting House |
More images | 1701, 1705 | 1768 | Hicksite |  | 5684 York Rd. (Rt 202), Lahaska
40°20′41″N 75°02′19″W / 40.3447°N 75.0387°W / 40.3447; -75.0387 (Buckingham) | NHL |
| Byberry Friends Meeting House |  | 1683, 1701 | 1808 | Hicksite |  | 3001 Byberry Rd., Philadelphia
40°06′09″N 74°58′51″W / 40.1025°N 74.9809°W / 40.1025; -74.9809 (Byberry) |  |
| Caln Meeting House |  | 1716 | 1782 | Shared | In 1907 the Orthodox Meeting moved to Coatesville | Rt. 340, Thorndale
40°00′26″N 75°45′53″W / 40.0073°N 75.7646°W / 40.0073; -75.7646 (Caln) | FMHS |
| Catawissa Friends Meetinghouse |  | 1775, 1793 | 1794 |  |  | South St., Catawissa
40°57′04″N 76°27′42″W / 40.9510°N 76.4617°W / 40.9510; -76.4617 (Catawissa) | FMHS
NRHP |
| Chester Friends Meetinghouse |  | 1675, 1698 | 1829, 1954 |  |  | 24th at Chestnut St. Chester
39°52′10″N 75°21′50″W / 39.8694°N 75.3639°W / 39.8694; -75.3639 (Chester) | NRHP |
| Chestnut Hill Friends Meeting |  | 1924 | 1931, 2012-2013 | Shared | The 2013 building features a
"Skyspace," a sky-lighted room for
quiet contemplation. | 100 E. Mermaid Ln, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia
40°04′07″N 75°11′46″W / 40.0685°N 75.196°W / 40.0685; -75.196 (Chestnut Hill Friends Meeting) | HABS |
| Chichester Friends Meetinghouse |  | 1682, 1701 | 1769 | Hicksite |  | Meeting House Rd., Boothwyn
39°50′11″N 75°25′53″W / 39.8365°N 75.4313°W / 39.8365; -75.4313 (Chichester) | NRHP |
| Concord Friends Meetinghouse |  | 1684 | 1728. 1788 | Hicksite |  | Old Concord Rd, Concordville
39°53′05″N 75°31′09″W / 39.8848°N 75.5192°W / 39.8848; -75.5192 (Old Concord) | NRHP, FMHS |
| Darby Friends Meeting |  | 1682 | 1805 | Hicksite |  | 1015 Main St., Darby
39°55′16″N 75°15′46″W / 39.9211°N 75.2629°W / 39.9211; -75.2629 (Darby) | NRHP NTF |
| Doe Run |  | 1808, 1811 | 1883 |  |  | 81 Greenlaw Rd, Cochraneville
39°53′21″N 75°52′17″W / 39.8892°N 75.8715°W / 39.8892; -75.8715 (Doe Run) |  |
| Downingtown Friends Meeting House |  | 1784, 1811 | 1806 |  | Uwchlan Monthly Meeting moved here in 1900 | 800 E. Lancaster Ave, Downingtown
40°00′51″N 75°41′20″W / 40.0141°N 75.6889°W / 40.0141; -75.6889 (Downingtown) | FMHS |
| Exeter Friends Meeting House |  | 1715, 1725 | 1759 | Orthodox |  | Meeting House Rd., Stonersville
40°18′48″N 75°47′04″W / 40.3132°N 75.7845°W / 40.3132; -75.7845 (Exeter) | FMHS |
| Fair Hill Friends Meeting House |  | 1702, 1880 | 1883 |  |  | Cambria St. at Germantown Ave., Philadelphia
39°59′46″N 75°08′48″W / 39.9962°N 75.1467°W / 39.9962; -75.1467 (Fair Hill) |  |
| Fallowfield Friends Meeting House |  | 1792, 1796 | 1801 (1811?) | Hicksite |  | Rt. 82 at Buck Run Rd., Ercildoun
39°56′46″N 75°50′18″W / 39.9461°N 75.8384°W / 39.9461; -75.8384 (Fallowfield) | FMHS |
| 2nd Falls Friends Meeting House |  | 1683 | 1728 | NA | Replaced by the 1789 third meeting house
Housed a Friends School
Now divided into apartments | Tyburn Rd. at New Falls Rd., Fallsington
40°11′06″N 74°49′12″W / 40.1850°N 74.8200°W / 40.1850; -74.8200 (Falls Meeting Houses) | FMHS |
| 3rd Falls Friends Meeting House
(now William Penn Center) |  | | 1789 | Orthodox | Houses the William Penn Center | 9300 New Falls Rd., Fallsington
40°11′06″N 74°49′11″W / 40.1849°N 74.8196°W / 40.1849; -74.8196 (Falls (1789)) | FMHS |
| 4th Falls Friends Meeting House
(located just north of the William Penn Center) |  | | 1841 | Hicksite |
Interior: | 9300 New Falls Rd., Fallsington |  |
| Frankford Friends Meeting House |  | 1684 | 1775-76 | Hicksite | Orthodox counterpart on Orthodox St. | Unity and Waln Sts., Philadelphia
40°00′40″N 75°05′03″W / 40.0111°N 75.0843°W / 40.0111; -75.0843 (Frankford) | FMHS |
| Free Quaker Meetinghouse |  | 1780 | 1783-84 | Free Quaker | Closed 1836
Home of the Apprentices' Library,
1841-1897
In an 1884 engraving: | 5th and Arch, Philadelphia
39°57′09″N 75°08′55″W / 39.9524°N 75.1487°W / 39.9524; -75.1487 (Free Quaker) | NRHP |
| Germantown Friends Meeting House |  | 1690 | 1868-69 |  | Samuel Sloan & Addison Hutton, architects | 47 W. Coulter, Philadelphia
40°01′57″N 75°10′19″W / 40.0324°N 75.1720°W / 40.0324; -75.1720 (Germantown) |  |
| Goshen Friends Meeting House |  | 1709 | 1855 |  |  | 814 Chester Rd, Goshenville
39°59′36″N 75°32′37″W / 39.9933°N 75.5435°W / 39.9933; -75.5435 (Goshen) |  |
| Gwynedd Friends Meeting House |  | 1689, 1698 | 1823 | Hicksite |  |
Spring House & Pennllyn Turnpike, Lower Gwyynedd
40°12′11″N 75°15′21″W / 40.2031°N 75.2557°W / 40.2031; -75.2557 (Gwynedd)) |  |
| Old Haverford Friends Meetinghouse |  | 1682, 1684 | 1701 | Hicksite |  | 235 E. Eagle Road, Havertown
39°59′27″N 75°18′17″W / 39.9907°N 75.3047°W / 39.9907; -75.3047 (Old Haverford) | FMHS
 |
| Homeville Friends Meeting House |  | 1839 | 1839 |  |  | Newark Rd. Rt 896, Homeville
39°51′39″N 75°59′14″W / 39.8608°N 75.9872°W / 39.8608; -75.9872 (Homeville) |  |
| Horsham Friends Meeting |  | 1714, 1717 | 1803 | Hicksite |  | Rte. 611 & Horsham Rd., Horsham Township
40°11′01″N 75°07′54″W / 40.1836°N 75.1316°W / 40.1836; -75.1316 (Horsham) | FMHS |
| Horsham Orthodox Friends Meeting House |  | 1890 | 1890 | Orthodox | Extant? | Saw Mill Lane & Dreshertown Rd., Horsham Township
40°10′39″N 75°08′23″W / 40.1775°N 75.1397°W / 40.1775; -75.1397 (Horsham Orthodox) |  |
| Old Kennett Meetinghouse |  | 1707, 1711 | 1731 c. | Hicksite |  | US Route 1, Kennett Square
39°52′16″N 75°38′53″W / 39.8711°N 75.6481°W / 39.8711; -75.6481 (Old Kennett) | FMHS |
| Lampeter Friends Meeting House |  | 1728, 1732 | 1889 |  |  | Rt. 340, Bird-in-Hand
40°02′20″N 76°11′06″W / 40.0390°N 76.1850°W / 40.0390; -76.1850 (Lampeter) |  |
| Little Elk Friends Meeting House |  |  | 1826 |  |  | Media Rd, Hickory Hill
39°44′55″N 75°55′49″W / 39.7485°N 75.9304°W / 39.7485; -75.9304 (Little Elk) |  |
| London Grove Friends Meeting House |  | 1724, 1775 | 1818 |  |  | Rt. 926 at Newark Rd, West Marlborough Township
39°52′11″N 75°46′25″W / 39.8696°N 75.7735°W / 39.8696; -75.7735 (London Grove)) |  |
| Longwood Progressive Friends Meeting House |  | 1854 | 1854 |  |  | Rt. 1 at Longwood Gardens
39°52′07″N 75°40′17″W / 39.8687°N 75.6713°W / 39.8687; -75.6713 (Longwood) |  |
| Maidencreek Friends Meeting House |  | 1732, 1735 | 1759 | Hicksite |  | West Shore Dr., Kindts Corner (building moved 1929)
40°27′44″N 75°55′51″W / 40.4622°N 75.9308°W / 40.4622; -75.9308 (Maidencreek) | FMHS |
| Makefield Friends Meeting House |  | 1750, 1790 | 1760, 1764 | Hicksite |  | 877 Dolington Rd, Lower Makefield
40°15′57″N 74°53′12″W / 40.2658°N 74.8868°W / 40.2658; -74.8868 (Makefield) | NRHP, FMHS |
| Marlboro Friends Meeting House |  | 1799, 1802 | 1801 |  | Part of Marlborough Village Historic District | 901 Marlborough Springs Rd., Marlborough Village
39°53′44″N 75°42′17″W / 39.8956°N 75.7046°W / 39.8956; -75.7046 (Marlboro) | FMHS |
| Media Monthly Meeting House |  | 1878 | 1875 | Orthodox | known as Chester Monthly Meeting until 1950? | Third St., Media
39°55′17″N 75°23′29″W / 39.9213°N 75.3913°W / 39.9213; -75.3913 (Media) |  |
| Merion Friends Meeting House |
More images | 1683 | 1695-1714 | Hicksite | In an 1837 engraving: | 615 Montgomery Ave., Merion Station
40°00′35″N 75°15′16″W / 40.0097°N 75.2544°W / 40.0097; -75.2544 (Merion) | NHL |
| Middletown Friends Meeting House |  | 1680, 1683 | 1793 | Hicksite |  | 453 W. Maple Ave., Langhorne
40°10′31″N 74°55′44″W / 40.1752°N 74.9288°W / 40.1752; -74.9288 (Middletown (Langhorne)) | FMHS |
| Middletown Friends Meetinghouse |  | 1686, 1701 | 1702, 1770s, 1888 |  |  | 435 Middletown Rd, Lima
39°55′28″N 75°26′34″W / 39.9245°N 75.4429°W / 39.9245; -75.4429 (Middletown (Lima)) |  |
| Millville Friends Meeting House |  | 1795 | 1846 | Hicksite |  | Main at Maple St., Millville
41°07′23″N 76°31′34″W / 41.1231°N 76.5260°W / 41.1231; -76.5260 (Millville) | HABS |
| New Garden Friends Meeting House |  | 1712, 1715 | 1743 | Hicksite |  | Newark Rd., Toughkenamon
39°48′54″N 75°45′09″W / 39.8150°N 75.7526°W / 39.8150; -75.7526 (New Garden) | FMHS |
| Newtown Friends Meeting House |  | 1815, 1817 | 1817, 1868 | Hicksite |  | 219 Court St. Newtown
40°13′33″N 74°56′09″W / 40.2257°N 74.9357°W / 40.2257; -74.9357 (Newtown (Bucks Co.)) |  |
| Newtown Square Friends Meeting House |  | 1696, 1706 | 1791 | Hicksite |  | 120 Newtown Rd. (Rt 252), Newtown Square
39°59′30″N 75°24′18″W / 39.9918°N 75.4050°W / 39.9918; -75.4050 (Newtown Square) | FMHS |
| Norristown Friends Meeting House |  |  | 1890 |  |  | Swede & Pine Sts., Norristown
 |  |
| Oxford Friends Meeting House |  | 1876 | 1879 |  |  | S. 3rd St., Oxford
39°46′48″N 75°58′51″W / 39.7801°N 75.9808°W / 39.7801; -75.9808 (Oxford (Chesco)) |  |
| Parkersville Friends Meetinghouse |  | 1830 | 1830 | Hicksite |  | Parkersville Rd. s of Rt 926 Parkersville
39°53′10″N 75°38′43″W / 39.8861°N 75.6452°W / 39.8861; -75.6452 (Parkersville) | NRHP |
| Plumsted Friends Meeting House |  | 1730 | 1752, 1876 |  |  | 4914 Point Pleasant Pike, Danboro
40°22′02″N 75°06′52″W / 40.3671°N 75.1145°W / 40.3671; -75.1145 (Plumsted) | FMHS |
| Plymouth Friends Meetinghouse |
More images | 1703, 1710 | 1708, 1780 | Hicksite |  | Germantown Pike, Plymouth Meeting
40°06′09″N 75°16′45″W / 40.1025°N 75.2792°W / 40.1025; -75.2792 (Plymouth) | NRHP |
| Providence Friends Meeting House |  | 1686 | 1700, 1727, 1753 | Hicksite |  | Providence Rd., Media
39°55′06″N 75°22′52″W / 39.9183°N 75.3810°W / 39.9183; -75.3810 (Providence (Media)) | HABS |
| Providence Quaker Cemetery and Chapel |  | 1789 | 1793 |  | closed 1870 | Jct. of PA 4038 and PA 4036 W, Perryopolis
40°04′22″N 79°46′56″W / 40.072778°N 79.782222°W / 40.072778; -79.782222 (Providence Quaker Cemetery and Chapel), | NRHP |
| Race Street Friends Meeting House |  |  | 1855-57 |  | Interior: | 1515 Cherry St., Philadelphia
39°57′21″N 75°09′54″W / 39.9559°N 75.1651°W / 39.9559; -75.1651 (Race St.) | NRHP |
| Radnor Friends Meetinghouse |
More images | 1684, 1698 | 1717-18 | Hicksite |  | Sproul Rd. (Rt 320), Ithan
40°01′48″N 75°21′51″W / 40.0300°N 75.3643°W / 40.0300; -75.3643 (Radnor) |  |
| Reading Friends Meeting House |  | 1750, 1756 | 1868 |  | Wilson Eyre | 108 N. 6th St., Reading
40°20′15″N 75°55′35″W / 40.3375°N 75.9263°W / 40.3375; -75.9263 (Reading) |  |
| Richlands Friends Meeting House |  | 1710, 1723 | 1862 |  |  | Main St and Mill Rd, Quakertown
40°26′12″N 75°21′08″W / 40.4367°N 75.3522°W / 40.4367; -75.3522 (Richlands) |  |
| Roaring Creek Friends Meeting |  | 1786, 1796 | 1795-96 | Hicksite | Interior: | Quaker Meeting Rd., Numidia
40°53′53″N 76°23′55″W / 40.8981°N 76.3986°W / 40.8981; -76.3986 (Roaring Creek) | FMHS |
| Sadsbury Friends Meeting House |  | 1723, 1725 | 1747 | Hicksite |  | Simmontown Rd, Gap
39°58′15″N 75°59′27″W / 39.9709°N 75.9908°W / 39.9709; -75.9908 (Sadsbury) | FMHS |
| Schuylkill Friends Meeting House |  | 1812 | 1807, 1816 | Hicksite | Charlestown Friends until 1826 | 37 N. Whitehorse Rd., Phoenixville
40°07′15″N 75°30′07″W / 40.1209°N 75.5019°W / 40.1209; -75.5019 (Schuylkill Friends Meeting House) |  |
| Solebury Friends Meeting House |  | 1806, 1811 | 1806 |  |  | 2680 Sugan Rd., New Hope
40°22′22″N 74°59′15″W / 40.3728°N 74.9874°W / 40.3728; -74.9874 (Solebury) |  |
| Springfield Friends Meetinghouse |  | 1686 | 1703, 1783, 1850 |  |  |  |  |
| Swarthmore Friends Meeting House |  | 1863, 1893 | 1881 | Hicksite |  | 12 Whittier Place, Swarthmore
39°54′26″N 75°21′12″W / 39.9073°N 75.3533°W / 39.9073; -75.3533 (Swarthmore) |  |
| Twelfth Street Meeting House
(now George School Meeting House) |
Circa-1892 photograph

Disassembled, July 1972 |  | 1813-1814
relocated 1972 | Orthodox | Built by carpenter John D. Smith using elements of
the Greater Meeting House, 1813-1814.

Disassembled and relocated, Summer 1972.
Rebuilt on campus of the George School, 1973-1974.
Charles Hough, restoration architect
Re-dedicated, September 24, 1974 | **Original:**
20 South 12th Street, Philadelphia
39°57′04″N 75°09′37″W / 39.951167°N 75.160278°W / 39.951167; -75.160278 (PSFS)

**Current:**
George School, Newtown, Bucks County
40°12′41″N 74°56′02″W / 40.211278°N 74.93375°W / 40.211278; -74.93375 (George School) | HABS |
| Unionville Friends Meeting House |  | 1845 | 1845 |  | Now Grange Hall | Rt. 82, Unionville
39°53′44″N 75°43′51″W / 39.8956°N 75.7307°W / 39.8956; -75.7307 (Unionville) | FMHS |
| Upper Dublin Friends Meeting House |  | 1814 | 1814 | Hicksite |  | Ft. Washington & Limekiln Rd. Upper Dublin
40°09′44″N 75°11′16″W / 40.1622°N 75.1878°W / 40.1622; -75.1878 (Upper Dublin) |  |
| Upper Providence Friends Meeting House |  | 1716, 1733 | 1828 | Hicksite |  | 8207 Black Rock Road, Oaks
40°08′56″N 75°28′33″W / 40.1490°N 75.4758°W / 40.1490; -75.4758 (Upper Providence) | HABS |
| Uwchlan Meetinghouse |  | 1712, 1714 | 1763 c. | Orthodox |  | Village Ave. North, Lionville
40°03′16″N 75°39′36″W / 40.0545°N 75.6599°W / 40.0545; -75.6599 (Uwchlan) | FMHS |
| Valley Friends Meeting House |  | 1698, 1810 | 1871 |  |  | 1121 Old Eagle School Rd., Wayne
40°04′57″N 75°24′54″W / 40.0826°N 75.4151°W / 40.0826; -75.4151 (Valley) |  |
| Warrington Friends Meeting House |  |  | 1769 |  |  | Carlisle Rd, Wellsville
40°03′12″N 76°55′47″W / 40.0532°N 76.9298°W / 40.0532; -76.9298 (Warrington) |  |
| West Chester Meeting House |  | 1810, 1813 | 1810, 1868 | Hicksite |  | 425 N. High, West Chester
39°57′51″N 75°36′28″W / 39.9642°N 75.6078°W / 39.9642; -75.6078 (West Chester) |  |
| West Philadelphia Orthodox Friends Meeting House |  | 1878 | 1878 | Orthodox |  | Powelton & 42nd St., Philadelphia
39°57′33″N 75°12′24″W / 39.9592°N 75.2066°W / 39.9592; -75.2066 (West Philadelphia) |  |
| Willistown Friends Meeting House |  | 1753, 1794 | 1798 | Hicksite | Part of Okehocking Historic District | 7069 Goshen Rd., Whitehorse
39°59′19″N 75°28′51″W / 39.9886°N 75.4809°W / 39.9886; -75.4809 (Willistown) | FMHS |
| Wrightstown Friends Meeting Complex |  | 1686 | 1787 | Hicksite |  | Rt. 413, 4 miles north of Newtown
40°15′57″N 74°58′54″W / 40.2657°N 74.9818°W / 40.2657; -74.9818 (Wrightstown) | NRHP, FMHS |
| York Friends Meeting House |  | 1754, 1767 | 1766, 1783 | Hicksite |  | Philadelphia St., York
39°57′47″N 76°43′54″W / 39.9630°N 76.7317°W / 39.9630; -76.7317 (York) | FMHS |
|

## Demolished meeting houses

| Name | Image | Founded | Constructed | Demolished | Notes | Location | Reference |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Centre Square Meeting House |
Shown at center of map | 1684 | 1685-1687 | Summer 1702 | Built on what is now the site of Philadelphia City Hall

Salvaged materials from it were used to build the Bank
Meeting House | Broad and High (Market) Streets, Philadelphia |  |
| Chester Friends Meeting House |  | 1675 | 16871693 | c.1735 | William Penn attended meeting in Chester, probably in a
private home, soon after his October 1682 arrival. | 3rd and Market in Chester PA |  |
| Evening Meeting House
replaced on the same site by Bank Meeting House |  | 1682 | 1683-1685 | 1698 | A temporary, wood-frame building, built on Bank Hill,
along the Delaware River.
Also used for meetings of the Pennsylvania General
Assembly and Provincial Council. | W. side of Front Street, btw. Race & Vine Streets, Philadelphia |  |
| Bank Meeting House |  | | 1703 |  | A large two-story, three-bay brick building, 50 ft (15 m)
square, with separate entrances for men and women.
Built using salvaged materials from the demolished
Centre Square Meeting House.
Sold 1791. | |  |
| Fourth Street Meeting House and School |  |  | 1763-1764 | 1859 | A two-story brick building, "76 feet front on Fourth street,
42 feet deep."
Built beside the Friends Public School (for boys). A school
for girls occupied the meeting house's second floor. | E. side of Fourth Street, btw. Chestnut & Sansom Streets, Philadelphia | PAB |
| Great Meeting House
(High Street Meeting House)
replaced on the same site by Greater Meeting House |
Great Meeting House |  | 1695 | 1755 | Interior lighted by a roof lantern. | SW. corner 2nd & Market Streets, Philadelphia | PAB |
| Greater Meeting House |
Greater Meeting House | | 1755 | 1812-1813 | A square, two-and-a-half-story brick building, 57 ft (17 m)
per side, built by carpenter Abraham Carlisle and his
apprentice Isaac Coates.

Dismantled by carpenter John D. Smith, and used to
build Twelfth Street Meeting House, 1813-1814. | |  |
| Green Street Meeting House
Home of the North Monthly Meeting until c.1828 |  |  | 1815-1816 | c.1970 | "The dimensions of the building were forty-seven by
seventy-three feet."
Home of the Monthly Meeting for the Northern District
until the 1827-28 Hicksite/Orthodox schism.

Discontinued as a meeting, 1914.
Reopened as Friends Neighborhood House, a
settlement house serving immigrant communities. | SE. corner 4th & Green Streets, Philadelphia |  |
| Key's Alley Meeting House
Home of the North Monthly Meeting, 1790-1816 |  |  | 1790 |  | Dimensions: "68 by 50 feet, … an additional apartment
of brick 40 by 45 feet on the north side of the building,
for a Monthly Meeting room."

Home of the North Meeting until 1816, when it moved to
Green Street Meeting House.
The former meeting house became a Philadelphia public
school. | N. side of New Street, btw. Front & 2nd Streets, Philadelphia |  |
| North Meeting House |  |  | 1838 | c.1968 | Built for Orthodox Friends who separated from the Hicksite
Green Street Meeting House.
"The dimensions of the building were 118 by 65 feet, with
a height of 30 feet."

Discontinued as a meeting, 1914.
Sold 1918; became a community center and playground. | SW. corner 6th & Noble Streets, Philadelphia |  |
| Pine Street Meeting House
(Hill Meeting House) |  | 1747 | 1752-1753 |  | Land donated by Samuel Powel.
"The meeting agrees that a brick house of 60 feet front,
and 43 feet deep shall be built on said lot."
A two-story, three-bay brick building, with separate
entrances for men and women.
Robert Smith, builder | S. side of Pine Street, btw. Front & 2nd Streets, Philadelphia | PAB |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|

1. List of passengers aboard *The Welcome*, from The Welcome Society of Pennsylvania.
2. Cary Hutto, "What ship carried William Penn and some of the first settlers to Pennsylvania across the Atlantic?" Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
3. Tyson, Rae. "Our First Friends, The Early Quakers". *www.phmc.state.pa.us*. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
4. Friend Meeting House Survey, Historic American Buildings Survey, 2002, notes used for *Silent Witness*, available at Friends Historic Library at Swarthmore College.
5. Historic American Buildings Survey (2002). *Silent Witness: Quaker Meeting Houses in the Delaware Valley, 1695 to the Present*. p. 56.
6. Patrick W. O'Bannon, 1986, NRHP Nomination Form - Bristol Historic District
7. National Historic Landmark Nomination, Buckingham Friends Meeting House
8. *Seventy-Seventh Annual Report of the Managers of the Apprentices' Library of Philadelphia* (Philadelphia: Spangler & Davis, 1897), pp. 7-8.
9. Bill Bolger; David G. Orr & Catherine LaVoie (February 3, 1998). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Merion Friends Meeting House" (pdf). National Park Service. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help) and *Accompanying 9 photos, exterior and interior, from 1987.* (32 KB)
10. "National Historic Landmarks & National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania". CRGIS: Cultural Resources Geographic Information System. Archived from the original (Searchable database) on 2007-07-21. Retrieved 2016-05-31. *Note:* This includes Helen Reichart Mirras (December 1969). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Plymouth Friends Meetinghouse" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-05-24.
11. Charles Hough, "It's all about the trusses," April 2008 lecture, from The George School.
12. Twelfth Street Meeting House, from HABS.
13. J. W. Lippincott, "Early Meetinghouses of Friends," *Friends' Intelligencer and Journal*, vol. 46, no. 29 (September 20, 1889), pp. 452-54.
14. J. Thomas Scharf and Thompson Westcott, *History of Philadelphia, Volume 2* (Philadelphia: L. H. Everts & Co., 1884), p. 1242.
15. J. W. Lippincott, "Early Meetinghouses of Friends," *Friends' Intelligencer and Journal*, vol. 46, no. 30 (September 27, 1889), pp. 467-69.
16. William McKoy, *Reminiscences* (1829), quoted in John Fanning Watson, *Annals of Philadelphia* (Philadelphia, 1830).
17. J. Thomas Scharf and Thompson Westcott, *History of Philadelphia, Volume 1* (Philadelphia: L. H. Everts & Co., 1888), p. 121.
18. Seth Beeson Hinshaw, *The Evolution of Quaker Meeting Houses in North America, 1670-2000* (master's thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 2001).(PDF)
19. J. W. Lippincott, "Early Meetinghouses of Friends," *Friends' Intelligencer and Journal*, vol. 46, no. 31 (October 3, 1889), pp. 486-87.
20. 4th Street Meeting House and School, from PAB.
21. John Fanning Watson, *Annals of Philadelphia* (Philadelphia, 1830), vol. 1, p. 355.
22. Great Meeting House, from PAB.
23. J. Thomas Scharf and Thompson Westcott, *History of Philadelphia, Volume 2* (Philadelphia: L. H. Everts & Co., 1888), p. 1260.
24. "The Passing of the North Meeting-House, Philadelphia," *Quaker History*, vol. 8, no. 3 (November 1918), pp. 106-08.
25. J. Thomas Scharf and Thompson Westcott, *History of Philadelphia, Volume 2* (Philadelphia: L. H. Everts & Co., 1888), p. 1250.
26. Pine Street Meeting, from PAB.

## Further reading

* *Brief Historical Sketches concerning Friends' Meetings of the Past and Present with special reference to Philadelphia Yearly Meeting*, compiled by T. Chalkey Matlack, Moorestown, N.J. 1938. Available at the Friends Historical Library at Swarthmore College.
* Futhey, John Smith; Cope, Gilbert (1881). *History of Chester County, Pennsylvania, with Genealogical and Biographical Sketches*. Philadelphia: L.H. Everts. pp. 782. Retrieved August 17, 2016.

* QuakerMeetings.com, "Monthly Meetings in North America: A Quaker Index" - a database of the history of meetings (rather than meeting houses)


title: Paul Garbett

abstract: Paul Anthony Garbett is a chess International Master (IM).

text:
# Paul Garbett

**Paul Anthony Garbett** (born 18 December 1952, Auckland, New Zealand) is a chess International Master (IM).

## Chess career

Garbett has represented New Zealand in six Chess Olympiads between 1974 and 2012. His best result was in 1990 when he scored 5/11 on board 1.

Garbett competed in the Asian Zonal Chess Championship in Melbourne 1975 and Kuala Lumpur 1990. He competed in the Oceania Chess Championship in 2000, 2005, 2009 and 2012. Garbett gained his International Master title when he scored 6.5/9, and finished =2nd with Darryl Johansen, George Xie and Jonathan Humphrey, in the 2005 Oceania Zonal Chess Championship in Auckland.

Garbett won or jointly won the New Zealand Chess Championship seven times in 1973/74, 1974/75, 1982/83, 1983/84, 1988/89, 2015 and 2020. He holds the record for the longest timespan between first and latest title. He also jointly won the New Zealand Rapid Chess Championship in 2003/04 and in 2013. He has won the NZ Correspondence Chess Championship twice - in 1971 (the youngest ever by 9 days ahead of Michael Freeman) and 1982.

## Notable games

## InfoBox

| Paul Garbett | |
| --- | --- |
| Paul Garbett, New Zealand chess International Master, July 2012 | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Born | (1952-12-18) 18 December 1952<br>Auckland, New Zealand |
| Title | International Master (2005) |
| Peak rating | 2372 (January 1999) |


title: Piense S.C.

abstract: Piense Sport Clube is a Portuguese sports club from Pias, Serpa. The men's football team plays in the I league of AF Beja. The team previously played in the 1990–91 Terceira Divisão, as well as several editions of the Taça de Portugal in the 2010s.

text:
# Piense S.C.

**Piense Sport Clube** is a Portuguese sports club from Pias, Serpa.

The men's football team plays in the I league of AF Beja. The team previously played in the 1990–91 Terceira Divisão, as well as several editions of the Taça de Portugal in the 2010s.

## InfoBox

Piense S.C.
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Piense Sport Clube |
| Founded | 1944 |
| League | I AF Beja |
| 2020–21 | league interrupted |


title: Money Train (soundtrack)

abstract: Money Train is the soundtrack album to Joseph Ruben's 1995 action comedy film Money Train. It was released on November 21, 1995 through Epic Soundtrax and 550 Music. Production was handled by Alex Richbourg, B Laidback, Cory Rooney, Dave "Jam" Hall, Heavy D, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, Larry Hamby, Mark Mancina, Mike Smoov, Poke, Prince Markie Dee, Puff Daddy, Robert Livingston, Skee-Lo, Sting International, Teddy Riley, Tim & Bob and Walter Kahn, with Joe Ruben, Jon Peters, Michael Dilbeck, Ron Sweeney and Tracy Barone serving as executive producers. The album features contributions from 112, 4.0, Assorted Phlavors, Ken Boothe, Luther Vandross, Mark Mancina, Men of Vizion, Patra, Shaggy, Skee-Lo, Terri & Monica, The Neville Brothers, Total, Trey Lorenz and UBU. Although the reception of the album was lukewarm, it managed to spawn a single, Skee-Lo's "Top of the Stairs", which peaked at No. 73 on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.

text:
# Money Train (soundtrack)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***Money Train (Music From The Motion Picture)*** is the soundtrack album to Joseph Ruben's 1995 action comedy film *Money Train*. It was released on November 21, 1995 through Epic Soundtrax and 550 Music.

Production was handled by Alex Richbourg, B Laidback, Cory Rooney, Dave "Jam" Hall, Heavy D, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, Larry Hamby, Mark Mancina, Mike Smoov, Poke, Prince Markie Dee, Puff Daddy, Robert Livingston, Skee-Lo, Sting International, Teddy Riley, Tim & Bob and Walter Kahn, with Joe Ruben, Jon Peters, Michael Dilbeck, Ron Sweeney and Tracy Barone serving as executive producers.

The album features contributions from 112, 4.0, Assorted Phlavors, Ken Boothe, Luther Vandross, Mark Mancina, Men of Vizion, Patra, Shaggy, Skee-Lo, Terri & Monica, The Neville Brothers, Total, Trey Lorenz and UBU.

Although the reception of the album was lukewarm, it managed to spawn a single, Skee-Lo's "Top of the Stairs", which peaked at No. 73 on the US *Billboard* Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "The Train Is Coming (Money Train Remix)" (Shaggy & Ken Boothe) |  |  | 4:09 |
| 2. | "Top of the Stairs" (Skee-Lo) | Antoine Roundtree |  | 4:31 |
| 3. | "Do You Know" (Total) | Terri Robinson | Sean "Puffy" Combs | 3:26 |
| 4. | "Show You the Way to Go" (Men of Vizion) |  | Teddy Riley | 5:30 |
| 5. | "Hiding Place" (Assorted Phlavors & Patra) |  | Dave "Jam" Hall | 4:33 |
| 6. | "Making Love" (112) | * Daron Jones * Marvin Scandrick * Michael Keith * Quinnes Parker * Tim Kelley * Bob Robinson * Kevin Wales | Tim & Bob | 5:45 |
| 7. | "The Thrill I'm In" (Luther Vandross) | * James Harris III * Terry Lewis | Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis | 4:14 |
| 8. | "Still Not Over You" (Trey Lorenz) |  |  | 4:52 |
| 9. | "It's Alright" (Terri & Monica) |  |  | 4:34 |
| 10. | "Oh Baby" (4.0) | * Jason Sylvain * Ron Jackson * Sammy Crumbley * Tony Hightower * Alexander Benjamin Richbourg * McKinley Horton | Alex Richbourg | 3:58 |
| 11. | "Merry-Go-Round" (UBU) | * Frank Thomas * Raymond Finks * Bryant Edwards * Michael Bell * Roger Troutman * Larry Troutman | * B Laidback * Mike Smoov | 4:07 |
| 12. | "Hold On! I'm Comin'" (The Neville Brothers) |  | Larry Hamby | 3:38 |
| 13. | "Money Train Suite" (Mark Mancina) | Mark Mancina | Mark Mancina | 4:50 |
| Total length: | | | | 58:07 |

Notes * Tracks 3, 5, 9, 11 to 13 did not appear in the film.

## InfoBox

| Money Train (Music From The Motion Picture) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Soundtrack album to *Money Train* by various artists | |
| Released | November 21, 1995 (1995-11-21) |
| Recorded | 1995 |
| Genre | Urban |
| Length | 58:07 |
| Label |  |
| Producer |  |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Money Train* | |
| 1. "Top of the Stairs"
Released: 1995 2. "The Train Is Coming (Money Train Remix)"
Released: 1996 | |
|  | |


title: Hunter-Schreger band

abstract: Hunter-Schreger bands, commonly abbreviated as HSB, are features of the enamel of the teeth in mammals, mostly placentals. In HSB, enamel prisms are arranged in layers of varying thickness at about right angles to each other. HSB strengthen the enamel and prevent cracks from propagating through the tooth.

text:
# Hunter-Schreger band

**Hunter-Schreger bands**, commonly abbreviated as **HSB**, are features of the enamel of the teeth in mammals, mostly placentals. In HSB, enamel prisms are arranged in layers of varying thickness at about right angles to each other. HSB strengthen the enamel and prevent cracks from propagating through the tooth.

## Evolution

HSB are first observed in early Paleocene mammals, but at this time the HSB occupy only a small portion of the incisor and the angle between the bands is low. By the late Paleocene, HSB is seen to extend throughout the enamel and the bands are located at nearly right angles to each other. Under oblique reflected light HSB can be seen as dark and light strips of variable width.

## Glires

Among Glires, the group containing rodents, lagomorphs, and their primitive relatives, the absence of HSB from the incisors has been considered primitive. Some early representatives, including *Eurymylus*, lack HSB, but others, including *Matutinia* and some mimotonids, have double-layered incisor enamel with HSB in the inner portion (portio interna, PI). Other mimotonids have single-layered enamel with HSB. All leporids studied also exhibit this pattern, except for an early Eocene, indeterminate leporid with HSB only in the PI. Ochotonids also have HSB in the PI only.

In rodents, HSB are usually present in the PI. Three types of HSB can be separated—pauciserial, uniserial, and multiserial. Pauciserial HSB, present in some primitive Paleogene rodents, are usually three to six prisms thick and have inter-prismatic matrix (IPM) surrounding the prisms, which have irregular cross-sections. Uniserial HSB, present in most living rodents, consist of a single layer of prisms. Multiserial HSB, three to seven prisms thick, characterize the living Hystricognathi and the gundis (Ctenodactylidae) and springhares (*Pedetes*). There are three subtypes on the basis of the orientation of the IPM. In the first, the IPM runs mostly parallel to the HSB, but does not surround it as in pauciserial enamel; in the second, the IPM makes an angle of about 45° with the HSB; and in the third, the two are located at right angles to each other. The last type serves to further strengthen the enamel and is characteristic of the Octodontoidea.

## Carnivorans

Among carnivorans, the hyenas exhibit specialized HSB, which form a complex, three-dimensional zigzag pattern, a specialization for bone-eating.

The teeth of *Arctodus pristinus* transition between undulating to acute-angled Hunter-Schreger bands while *Arctodus simus* exhibited a transition between undulating to zigzag bands, demonstrating an evolution towards reinforced tooth enamel. This has been convergently evolved with giant pandas, agriotheriin bears, and *Hemicyon*.

## Primates

In humans, their average width is 50 micrometers.

## Literature cited


title: Pavle Arsoski

abstract: Major general Pavle Arsoski is a retired Macedonian military officer. He was commissioned in 1990 as a second lieutenant. Throughout his career he was assigned to a wide spectrum of duties, just to highlight his command of the 1st Battalion of 15th Infantry Brigade, the Special Operations Regiment and the 1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade, Commanding General (CG) of the Operations Command in 2018, before he was assigned as the advisor to the Chief of the General Staff of the Army for Combat Readiness and Operations. As of May 19, 2023, Major-General Pavle Arsoski is retired from the Army.

text:
# Pavle Arsoski

Major general **Pavle Arsoski** (born 1967) is a retired Macedonian military officer.

He was commissioned in 1990 as a second lieutenant. Throughout his career he was assigned to a wide spectrum of duties, just to highlight his command of the 1st Battalion of 15th Infantry Brigade, the Special Operations Regiment and the 1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade, Commanding General (CG) of the Operations Command in 2018, before he was assigned as the advisor to the Chief of the General Staff of the Army for Combat Readiness and Operations. As of May 19, 2023, Major-General Pavle Arsoski is retired from the Army.

## Biography

Arsoski is native of the town of Gostivar, born in 1967. He completed Military High School in Zagreb in 1986 and continues his education on the Land Military Academy in Belgrade and Zadar, where he graduated in 1990. He was commissioned as an artillery officer and assumed his first platoon leadership duty with the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA). After the breakup of Yugoslavia, Arsoski has been in the Macedonian Army since its beginnings in April 1992. During his vast carrier, he was assigned to various staff and commanding duties starting off as a platoon leader in the artillery battalion of the 1st Honor Brigade in the capital Skopje. After that he was assigned as a company commander, deputy battalion commander and a 1st battalion CO in the 15th Infantry Brigade in Tetovo.

During the internal disturbances in the country in 2001, Arsoski was assigned as a battalion CO and later as a CO of the Battalion Combat Team in the region of Tetovo and the Mountain region of Šar Planina. For his accomplishments he received a combat promotion to the rank of major. In 2003 Arsoski was assigned to the elite of the Army, as a Chief of S-3 in the Special Operations Regiment HQ. In 2010 he was promoted to the rank of colonel and assigned to a position of the Chief of Staff in the same Regiment. He currently assumes the commanding officer role of the Special Operations Regiment in 2012. In 2013 the President of the country appointed Brigadier General Arsoski as the Commanding General of the 1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade. In 2015 he was assigned as the Deputy Commanding General of the Joint Operations Command and three years later was promoted to a Major-General and assigned to his current duty as the CG of Operations Command and performs the duty until 2021 when he is appointed as advisor to the Chief of the General Staff of the Army for Combat Readiness and Operations.

During his military career, Arsoski furthered his education at the Post Graduate Command and Staff School in 2003 in Skopje, then in 2010 graduates from the War College “Ban Josip Jelacic” in Zagreb (Republic of Croatia). He has completed an array of specialized courses in country and abroad; just to highlight: Battalion Commander Course in Germany, 21st Century Leader's Course in the George Marshall Center in Germany, Military management course, Decision making process course, Defense attaches course as well as International communications expert course and the General's and Ambassador's Course in the NATO Defense College in Rome, Italy.

## Awards and recognitions

* Combat promotion in the rank of major in 2001
* Gold, Silver and Bronze badge of the Army
* Army plaque
* Silver Army Badge for Service
* Gold and Silver badge of the Army and Partnership
* Coordination and cooperation badge of the Army – Gold and Silver.

## Family status and interests

Arsoski is married to Elizabeta, who is a deputy editor in chief at the daily national *Vecher*. Together they have a daughter Marija, who is a German language professor and a son Aleksandar, who is an economist. Arsoski speaks English and German.

Arsoski's hobbies mainly revolve around sports, however he is also an art aficionado. He often goes to the theater and the opera. He enjoys studying history, classic literature, heraldics and horology. He is also a Vice-President of the Association of Generals and a secretary of the Macedonian heraldic society with a title Herald of Erigon. Arsoski also actively continues to improve his formal education. In 2016 he completed his Master of Arts in History as a part of the National History Institute at St. Cyril and Methodius University. In 2021 he obtained the title of Doctor of Science at the same institute.

## InfoBox

| Pavle Arsoski | |
| --- | --- |
| Arsoski in 2020 | |
| Born | 1967 (age 5657)<br>Gostivar, SFR Yugoslavia |
| Service/branch | Artillery |
| Years of service | 1990–2023 |
| Rank | Major-general |
| Unit | Retired |
| Commands | * Operations command * Joint operations command, 1.mechanized infantry brigade * Special operations regiment and 1.infantry battalion |
| Awards | * Combat promotion in the rank of major in 2001 * Gold, Silver and Bronze badge of the Army * Army plaque * Silver Army Badge for Service * Gold and Silver badge of the Army for Partnership, coordination and cooperation |


title: Friends in Love (Johnny Mathis album)

abstract: Friends in Love is an album by American pop singer Johnny Mathis that was released on April 5, 1982, by Columbia Records and included six original songs, two of which were duets with Dionne Warwick. The album made its first appearance on Billboard magazine's Top LP's & Tapes chart in the issue dated May 8, 1982, and remained there for nine weeks, peaking at number 147. It also made it to number 34 during a seven-week run on the UK album chart that began the following week, on May 15. The title track from the album entered the Billboard Hot 100 in the issue dated April 17, 1982, and eventually got as high as number 38 over the course of 13 weeks. That same issue included its debut on the magazine's list of the 100 most popular R&B songs in the US, where it also spent 13 weeks but reached number 22. The next issue, dated April 24, marked its first appearance on the Adult Contemporary chart, and during its 17-week run there it rose to number five. This is the first Mathis album whose initial release included the compact disc (CD) format.

text:
# Friends in Love (Johnny Mathis album)

***Friends in Love*** is an album by American pop singer Johnny Mathis that was released on April 5, 1982, by Columbia Records and included six original songs, two of which were duets with Dionne Warwick.

The album made its first appearance on *Billboard* magazine's Top LP's & Tapes chart in the issue dated May 8, 1982, and remained there for nine weeks, peaking at number 147. It also made it to number 34 during a seven-week run on the UK album chart that began the following week, on May 15.

The title track from the album entered the *Billboard* Hot 100 in the issue dated April 17, 1982, and eventually got as high as number 38 over the course of 13 weeks. That same issue included its debut on the magazine's list of the 100 most popular R&B songs in the US, where it also spent 13 weeks but reached number 22. The next issue, dated April 24, marked its first appearance on the Adult Contemporary chart, and during its 17-week run there it rose to number five.

This is the first Mathis album whose initial release included the compact disc (CD) format.

## Track listing

From the liner notes for the original album:

1. "Got You Where I Want You"  performed with Dionne Warwick  (Jim Andron, Candy Parton) – 3:43
    * Jay Graydon – producer, arranger, conductor, engineer
    * Recorded at Garden Rake Studios; Ian Eales – engineer
2. "I Remember You and Me" (Jim Andron, Candy Parton) – 3:46
3. "When the Lovin' Goes Out of the Lovin'" (Richard Parker, Bobby Whiteside) – 4:19
    * Barry Fasman – producer, rhythm and strings arranger
    * Charles Koppelman – executive producer
    * Recorded at Sound Lab Studios; John Arrias – engineer
    * Stuart Whitmore – assistant engineer
4. "Somethin's Goin' On" (Norman Sallitt) – 3:21
    * Jack Gold – producer
    * Arnold Goland – arranger, conductor
    * Recorded at Lion Share Recording Studios; Armin Steiner – engineer
    * Mixed at A&M Recording Studios; Dick Bogert – engineer
5. "What Do You Do with the Love" (Richard Kerr, Candy Parton) – 3:28
    * Jack Gold – producer
    * Gene Page – arranger, conductor
    * Recorded at Lion Share Recording Studios; Armin Steiner – engineer
    * Mixed at A&M Recording Studios; Dick Bogert – engineer
6. "Friends in Love" performed with Dionne Warwick  (Bill Champlin, David Foster, Jay Graydon) – 4:03
    * Jay Graydon – producer, arranger, conductor, engineer
    * Recorded at Garden Rake Studios; Ian Eales – engineer
7. "What's Forever For" (Rafe Van Hoy) – 3:22
    * Jack Gold – producer
    * Gene Page – arranger, conductor
    * Recorded at Lion Share Recording Studios; Reggie Dozier – engineer
    * Mixed at A&M Recording Studios; Dick Bogert – engineer
8. "Warm" (David Buskin) – 4:39
    * Jack Gold – producer
    * Gene Page – arranger, conductor
    * Recorded at Lion Share Recording Studios; Armin Steiner – engineer
    * Mixed at A&M Recording Studios; Dick Bogert – engineer
9. "Memory"  from *Cats*  (T. S. Eliot, Trevor Nunn, Andrew Lloyd Webber) – 3:00
    * Jack Gold – producer
    * Gene Page – arranger, conductor
    * Recorded at Lion Share Recording Studios; Reggie Dozier – engineer
    * Mixed at A&M Recording Studios; Dick Bogert – engineer
10. "Lately" (Stevie Wonder) – 4:05
    * Jack Gold – producer
    * Gene Page – arranger, conductor
    * Recorded at Lion Share Recording Studios; Reggie Dozier – engineer
    * Mixed at A&M Recording Studios; Dick Bogert – engineer

### 2017 CD bonus tracks

This album's CD release as part of the 2017 box set *The Voice of Romance: The Columbia Original Album Collection* included six bonus tracks that were previously unavailable:

## Recording dates

From the liner notes for *The Voice of Romance: The Columbia Original Album Collection*:

* July 10, 1981 – "Lately", "Memory", "What's Forever For"
* September 1, 1981 – "Cryin' for the Night", "Goodbye for Now", "We Kiss in a Shadow"
* September 2, 1981 – "The One and Only", "When the Lovin' Goes Out of the Lovin'"
* October 21, 1981 – "As If", "Here's to You", "Warm"
* November 3, 1981 – "I Remember You and Me", "Somethin's Goin' On", "What Do You Do with the Love"
* January 1982 – "Friends in Love", "Got You Where I Want You"

## Song information

Ray, Goodman & Brown recorded "When the Lovin' Goes Out of the Lovin'" for their 1981 album *Stay*. "What's Forever For" appeared on the 1978 album *Dr. Heckle and Mr. Jive* by England Dan and John Ford Coley, but Michael Martin Murphey also released a recording of the song in 1982 that went to number 19 pop and number four Adult Contemporary and spent a week at number one on *Billboard'*s Country chart. "Memory" originated in the 1981 Broadway musical *Cats* and became a number six hit in the UK for Elaine Paige that same year. And Stevie Wonder's "Lately" reached number three in the UK and number 29 R&B, number 33 Adult Contemporary, and number 64 on the Hot 100 in the US.

## Personnel

From the liner notes for the original album:

## Bibliography

* O'Neil, Thomas (1999), *The Grammys*, Perigree Books, ISBN 0399524770
* Whitburn, Joel (2002), *Joel Whitburn's Top Country Singles, 1944-2001*, Record Research Inc., ISBN 0898201519
* Whitburn, Joel (2004), *Joel Whitburn Presents Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles, 1942-2004*, Record Research Inc., ISBN 0898201608
* Whitburn, Joel (2007), *Joel Whitburn Presents Billboard Top Adult Songs, 1961-2006*, Record Research Inc., ISBN 978-0898201697
* Whitburn, Joel (2009), *Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles, 1955-2008*, Record Research Inc., ISBN 978-0898201802
* Whitburn, Joel (2010), *Joel Whitburn Presents Top Pop Albums, Seventh Edition*, Record Research Inc., ISBN 978-0-89820-183-3

## InfoBox

| Friends in Love | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Johnny Mathis | |
| Released | April 5, 1982 |
| Recorded | July 10, 1981
September 2, 1981
October 21, 1981
November 3, 1981
January 1982 |
| Studio |  |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 35:25 |
| Label | Columbia |
| Producer | Barry Fasman
Jack Gold
Jay Graydon |
| Johnny Mathis chronology | |
| *Celebration – The Anniversary Album*
(1981) ***Friends in Love***
(1982) *Unforgettable – A Musical Tribute to Nat King Cole*
(1983) | |


title: Paul Gagnon (politician)

abstract: Paul Gagnon was a Progressive Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada. Born in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, Gagnon was an engineer and geologist by career. Gagnon was elected at the Calgary North electoral district in the 1984 federal election, thus serving as a backbench supporter of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney's government in the 33rd Canadian Parliament. He left federal politics after this term and did not campaign in the 1988 federal election.

text:
# Paul Gagnon (politician)

**Paul Gagnon** (born 17 September 1937) was a Progressive Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada.

Born in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, Gagnon was an engineer and geologist by career. Gagnon was elected at the Calgary North electoral district in the 1984 federal election, thus serving as a backbench supporter of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney's government in the 33rd Canadian Parliament. He left federal politics after this term and did not campaign in the 1988 federal election.


title: Noisefields (1974)

abstract: The Video Noisefields (1974) by Steina and Woody Vasulka is an important example of early formal and technical experimentation with analog video. The video runs for twelve minutes and five seconds and materially visualizes the deflected energy of the electronic signal. The video switches between two sources throughout, which creates a flickering effect. The imagery is based on the deflection of electronic signals, and a colorizer is used to add color variation. In the video, a circular form materializes on the screen and presents a division between inner and outer. A pulsation between the two is sustained throughout.

text:
# Noisefields (1974)

The Video ***Noisefields*** (1974) by Steina and Woody Vasulka is an important example of early formal and technical experimentation with analog video. The video runs for twelve minutes and five seconds and materially visualizes the deflected energy of the electronic signal. The video switches between two sources throughout, which creates a flickering effect. The imagery is based on the deflection of electronic signals, and a colorizer is used to add color variation. In the video, a circular form materializes on the screen and presents a division between inner and outer. A pulsation between the two is sustained throughout.

## The Signal

The Vasulkas were among the first video artists to experiment with the signal, and the potential to delay its feedback or multiply waveforms to create new imagery. Their approach directly intervened with the directional movement of the signal. They wanted to transform line configurations by shifting the direction of the signal's constant horizontal and vertical flow. This interrupted the simultaneous feedback of image and sound signal and delivered deviated image from the raster image, a new three-dimensional shape or form. *Noisefields* focuses on the deconstruction of the video signal, as it visualizes the signal's immaterial energy. The deconstruction of signal in the video produces an image wherein the diverse variation of form relies on the variability and modulation of frequency detected by the signal.

## Audio-Visuality

The video camera, opposed to the film camera, offered video artists the ability to record and play back sound and image simultaneously. Although the video camera records images, it is more closely tied to the process of "sound transmission, recording, and production." There is a reciprocal relationship between audio and video, as sound signals can be "translated into image signals", and visual content is generated by sound. Spielmann writes in video "one can see what one hears and hear what one sees." Because of the close affinity between sound and image, many artists saw the video image as moving music. Emerging from a background in music, Steina wanted to apply the same principles of music composition to video making. In her artist note "My Love Affair with Art: Video and Installation Work" she writes that she begins "with a melody" and then adds "harmonic lines." *Noisefields* explores the relationship between sound and image in video, as there exits a mutuality between the audio/video signal. Using video processor machines, the Vasulkas were able to further unite sound and sight as the energy content modulates the sound and image.

## Video Processor

Like many other experimental video artists of the time, the Vasulkas used the Rutt/Etra Video Synthesizer to make *Noisefields*. The machine was developed in 1973 by Louise Rutt, Steve Rutt, and Bill Etra, and allowed video artists to more wholly unite sound and image. The machine was of particular interest to artists who wanted to deconstruct and analyze the video signal, in order to exert greater control over the modulation of electronic signals. The Scan Processor lifts "the brighter parts of the *image*...in their temporal progression, according to the voltage, causing the horizontal lines to deflect vertically and sculptural forms to be generated." Using the processor, the Vasulkas were able to create abstract images from the modulated video signal. In the production of this video, a circular form was recorded and then extraneous electronic information was keyed into the circle. The video therefore visualizes and makes audible the movement and energy of the electronic signal. The result is a "noisy image-sound impression."

## Colorizer

Video, opposed to film uses an additive process for colorization. In *Noisefields* a colorizer is used to add variety and complexity to the saturation of video noise.

## Pulsation

The pulsation between an inner and outer field, the circle and rectangular is mirrored by the rapid alternations between the two video sources, which maintains a rate of about sixty cycles per second. The switching occurs between two video sources, producing the two fields, background and circle. The two fields alternate between pure color and pure noise. The alternation creates a complex pulsation between circle and ground.

## Perception

As the video temporally unfolds, complex perceptual illusions are triggered through repetition, alternation and flicker. The flickering video image, which references the perceptual explorations of Op Art and "flicker" film, produces the illusion of the video as a series of constructed frames. As the video image is constantly in motion, unlike the filmic image, a video "frame" never appears on the screen in its entirety and the viewer cannot grasp the image as a whole. To receive the video images in full, the viewer must pause the video using VCR features or the frames must be completed in our "perceptual-cognitive" system. As the Vasulkas were interested in exploring beyond the "theoretical ‘frame’ of video...to get rid of the supremacy of the human eye, the inherited modes of perception, and to reach an alternative" *Noisefields* explores the neuropsychological effects of the video image and promotes a perceptual model based on "interactive circuitry". The flicker is intensified to underscore the perceptual stimuli, and the viewer is prompted to actively participate in perceiving the shifting field. The image therefore is partially a creation of the viewers mental activity, and viewer and video become reciprocally engaged.


title: Picayune station

abstract: Picayune is an Amtrak intercity train station at 200 South Highway 11, in the heart of downtown Picayune, Mississippi. The station is served by Amtrak's Crescent passenger train. The station house was built in 2008 as a replacement for an open covered shelter. Like its predecessor, however, it is a flag stop, and only stops here when passengers have tickets either to or from the station. Since the suspension of the Sunset Limited east of New Orleans in 2005, Picayune has been the only Amtrak station on the Mississippi Gulf Coast.

text:
# Picayune station

**Picayune** is an Amtrak intercity train station at 200 South Highway 11, in the heart of downtown Picayune, Mississippi. The station is served by Amtrak's *Crescent* passenger train. The station house was built in 2008 as a replacement for an open covered shelter. Like its predecessor, however, it is a flag stop, and only stops here when passengers have tickets either to or from the station.

Since the suspension of the *Sunset Limited* east of New Orleans in 2005, Picayune has been the only Amtrak station on the Mississippi Gulf Coast.

Media related to Picayune (Amtrak station) at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Picayune, MS | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | 200 South Highway 11
Picayune, Mississippi
United States |
| Coordinates | 30°31′28″N 89°40′49″W / 30.5244°N 89.6804°W / 30.5244; -89.6804 |
| Owned by | City of Picayune |
| Line(s) | Norfolk Southern Railway |
| Platforms | 1 side platform |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Other information | |
| Status | Flag stop; unstaffed |
| Station code | Amtrak: PIC |
| History | |
| Rebuilt | 2008 |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| FY 2023 | 1,742 (Amtrak) |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Amtrak Following station  Slidelltoward New Orleans  *Crescent*  Hattiesburgtoward New York | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Former services   Preceding station Southern Railway Following station  Nicholsontoward New Orleans  New OrleansCincinnati  Richardsontoward Cincinnati | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |


title: Money Talks (Trooper album)

abstract: Money Talks is the seventh studio album by Canadian rock band Trooper, released in 1982.

text:
# Money Talks (Trooper album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***Money Talks*** is the seventh studio album by Canadian rock band Trooper, released in 1982.

## Track listing

(McGuire/Smith)

1. "Money Talks" 3:37
2. "Only a Fool" 3:09
3. "This Must Be the Place" 4:17
4. "Lookin' for Trouble" 4:04
5. "Ready for the Nite" 3:20
6. "Everything You Want" 3:41
7. "Could've Been Me" 3:23
8. "Any Minute Now" 3:36
9. "It Comes and It Goes" 4:04
10. "Dig a Little Deeper" 3:31

## Band members

* Vocals - Ra McGuire
* Guitar - Brian Smith
* Drums - Tommy Stewart
* Bass - Doni Underhill
* Keyboards - Rob Deans

## Singles

* "Money Talks" / "Any Minute Now"
* "Could've Been Me" / "Dig a Little Deeper"
* "Only a Fool" / "Lookin' for Trouble"
* "Ready for the Nite" / "It Comes and It Goes"
* "This Must Be the Place" / "Money Talks"

## InfoBox

| Money Talks | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Trooper | |
| Released | April 1, 1982 |
| Genre | Rock, hard rock |
| Label | RCA |
| Producer | Mike Flicker |
| Trooper chronology | |
| *Untitled*
(1980) ***Money Talks***
(1982) *The Last of the Gypsies*
(1989) | |


title: Vin de Savoie AOC

abstract: Vin de Savoie is an Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée and Protected Designation of Origin for red and white wines in the Savoy wine region of France, which is located in the foothills of the Alps. The region is divided roughly into three distinct parts: the glacially sculpted terrain along the South shore of Lake Geneva, the hilly country near the northern end of Lac de Bourget, and the area bordering the Massif de Bauges South of Chambéry. The wines are mostly white, made from grape varieties Chasselas, Jacquère, Altesse, Verdesse, Chardonnay and Roussanne grapes, although there are also some reds made from Mondeuse, Gamay noir and occasionally Pinot noir, and rosés made from Gamay, and some sparkling wines.

text:
# Vin de Savoie AOC

**Vin de Savoie** (French pronunciation: \[vɛ̃  savwa\]) is an *Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée* (French, AOC) and Protected Designation of Origin (EU, PDO) for red and white wines in the Savoy wine region of France, which is located in the foothills of the Alps. The region is divided roughly into three distinct parts: the glacially sculpted terrain along the South shore of Lake Geneva, the hilly country near the northern end of Lac de Bourget, and the area bordering the Massif de Bauges South of Chambéry.

The wines are mostly white, made from grape varieties Chasselas, Jacquère, Altesse (also known as Roussette), Verdesse, Chardonnay and Roussanne grapes, although there are also some (relatively light) reds made from Mondeuse, Gamay noir and occasionally Pinot noir, and rosés made from Gamay, and some sparkling wines.

## *Dénominations*

Seventeen *dénominations géographiques* are authorized within the appellation:


title: Pavla Šmídová

abstract:
Pavla Šmídová, née Vincourová is a Czech female volleyball player. She was part of the Czech Republic women's national volleyball team. She participated in the 2010 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship, and in the 2014 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix.
She played with Budowlani Łódź.

text:
# Pavla Šmídová

**Pavla Šmídová**, née **Vincourová** (born 12 November 1992) is a Czech female volleyball player. She was part of the Czech Republic women's national volleyball team.

She participated in the 2010 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship, and in the 2014 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix. She played with Budowlani Łódź.

## Clubs

1. "Czech volleyball team at the 2010 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship". *sebare.com*. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 11 October 2015.
2. "FIVB Women's World Grand Prix 2014".

## InfoBox

| Pavla Šmídová | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Personal information | |
| Nationality | Czech |
| Born | (1992-11-12) 12 November 1992<br>Brno, Czechoslovakia |
| Height | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) |
| Weight | 62 kg (137 lb) |
| Spike | 303 cm (119 in) |
| Block | 292 cm (115 in) |
| Volleyball information | |
| Position | setter |
| Number | 18 |
| Career | |
| Years Teams  2015  Budowlani Łódź | |
| National team | |
| 2010  Czech Republic | |


title: Wólka Trzemecka

abstract: Wólka Trzemecka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bałtów, within Ostrowiec County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Bałtów, 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, and 66 km (41 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

text:
# Wólka Trzemecka

**Wólka Trzemecka** \[ˈvulka tʂɛˈmɛt͡ska\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bałtów, within Ostrowiec County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Bałtów, 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, and 66 km (41 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

## InfoBox

| Wólka Trzemecka | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Wólka Trzemecka | |
| Coordinates: 51°2′32″N 21°31′9″E / 51.04222°N 21.51917°E / 51.04222; 21.51917 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Świętokrzyskie |
| County | Ostrowiec |
| Gmina | Bałtów |
| Population | 90 |


title: Manuel Golmayo Torriente

abstract:
Manuel Golmayo y de la Torriente was a Spanish chess master. Born into a 'chess family', he was Spanish Champion on numerous occasions and Sub-Champion in 1929/30 (he lost the title in a match to Ramón Rey Ardid. In 1922, he lost a mini match to Alexander Alekhine in Madrid. In 1924, he took 8th in first unofficial Chess Olympiad at Paris 1924. In 1928, he took 4th in the Amateur World Championship in The Hague. He played for Spain in three official Chess Olympiads:
  - In 1927, at first board in 1st Chess Olympiad in London ;
  - In 1930, at second board in 3rd Chess Olympiad in Hamburg ;
  - In 1931, at first board in 4th Chess Olympiad in Prague. In tournaments, he took 6th at Barcelona 1929, took 7th at Sitges 1934, took 3rd at Madrid 1934, took 4th at Paris 1938, tied for 9-10th at Barcelona 1946, took 6th at Gijon 1948, tied for 8-9th at Almeria 1948,
and won both at Madrid 1947 and Linares 1951. In 1951, FIDE awarded Golmayo the title International Arbiter.

text:
# Manuel Golmayo Torriente

**Manuel Golmayo y de la Torriente** (12 June 1883 – 7 March 1973) was a Spanish chess master.

Born into a 'chess family' (father Celso Golmayo Zúpide, elder brother Celso Golmayo Torriente), he was Spanish Champion on numerous occasions (1902, 1912, 1919, 1921, 1927, 1928) and Sub-Champion in 1929/30 (he lost the title in a match (+1 –4 =2) to Ramón Rey Ardid.

In 1922, he lost a mini match to Alexander Alekhine (+0 –1 =1) in Madrid. In 1924, he took 8th in first unofficial Chess Olympiad (Championship Final) at Paris 1924 (Hermanis Matisons won). In 1928, he took 4th in the Amateur World Championship in The Hague (Max Euwe won).

He played for Spain in three official Chess Olympiads:

In tournaments, he took 6th at Barcelona 1929 (José Raúl Capablanca won), took 7th at Sitges 1934 (Andor Lilienthal won), took 3rd at Madrid 1934 (*Torneo Gromer*), took 4th at Paris 1938 (*L'Echiquier*, Baldur Hönlinger won), tied for 9-10th at Barcelona 1946 (Miguel Najdorf won), took 6th at Gijon 1948 (Antonio Rico won), tied for 8-9th at Almeria 1948, and won both at Madrid 1947 and Linares 1951.

In 1951, FIDE awarded Golmayo the title International Arbiter.

## Further reading

* Morán, Pablo (1974), *Campeones y Campeonatos de España de Ajedrez*, pp. 11–14
* Palacio, Carlos A. (1960), *Ajedrez en Cuba*, La Habana, p. 257`{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

## InfoBox

| Manuel Golmayo Torriente | |
| --- | --- |
| Golmayo Torriente in 1928 | |
| Full name | Manuel Golmayo y de la Torriente |
| Born | (1883-06-12)12 June 1883
Havana, Spanish Cuba |
| Died | 7 March 1973(1973-03-07) (aged 89)
Madrid, Spain |


title: Mordellistena tibiella

abstract: Mordellistena tibiella is a species of beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae. It was described by Ermisch in 1965.

text:
# Mordellistena tibiella

***Mordellistena tibiella*** is a species of beetle in the genus *Mordellistena* of the family Mordellidae. It was described by Ermisch in 1965.

## InfoBox

| *Mordellistena tibiella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Genus: | *Mordellistena* |
| Species: | ***M. tibiella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordellistena tibiella***<br>Ermisch, 1965 | |
|


title: Sarah Mirk

abstract: Sarah Shay Mirk (she/they) is an author, zinester, and journalist based in Portland, Oregon, in the United States.

text:
# Sarah Mirk

**Sarah Shay Mirk** (she/they) is an author, zinester, and journalist based in Portland, Oregon, in the United States.

## Education

Mirk attended Grinnell College, graduating in 2008.

## Career

She worked for the *Portland Mercury* from 2008 to 2013. She has also written for Bitch Media. Since 2017 Mirk has been a contributing editor at The Nib.

In 2019, they also undertook the enterprise of making one zine a day, and she then compiled a hundred of them in a self-published book, *Year of Zines* (2020)*.* They make their zines freely available to "anyone, especially teachers and educators".

*Guantanamo Voices* was a *New York Times* pick for the Best Graphic Novels of 2020. Mirk also teaches a writing class for graduate students at Portland State University's Art + Design program.

Their comics have been featured in *The Nib*, *The New Yorker*, *Bitch*, and NPR.

In 2024, Sarah Mirk faced online criticism after publishing a satirical, "sanitized" version of the handkerchief code.

## Works

### Articles

* Mirk, Sarah (March 26, 2014). "Open Source Feminism: An Intervention with Wikipedia". NTEN: The Nonprofit Technology Enterprise Network.

### Books

* *Oregon History Comics* (Know Your City, 2012. Small comic books about Oregon history. Available for free for non-commercial purposes on Mirk's official website.)
* *Sex from Scratch: Making Your Own Relationship Rules* (Microcosm, 2014)
* *Open Earth* (Limerence Press, 2018. A queer sci-fi comic about polyamory, with art by Eva Cabrera and Claudia Aguirre)
* *Guantanamo Voices: True Accounts from the World’s Most Infamous Prison* (Abrams, 2020. Anthology of nonfiction comics)
* *Year of Zines* (self-published, 2020)

## Interviews

* *Nieman Reports* \- How comics can enhance reader engagement, bring new audiences to narrative nonfiction.

## InfoBox

| Sarah Mirk | |
| --- | --- |
| Mirk in 2019 | |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | Grinnell College |
| Occupation | Journalist |


title: Viola amarantina

abstract: The viola amarantina is a stringed musical instrument from Amarante, Northern Portugal. It is also named viola de dois corações because of the two heart-shaped frontal openings. It has 10 strings in 5 courses. The strings are made of steel. It is tuned A3 A3, F# F#, B2 B3, G2 G3, D2 D3. It is traditional to construct the viola amarantina from walnut for the sides, pine for the soundboard and the neck in mahogany. The viola amarantina is also sometimes played in Cabo Verde.

text:
# Viola amarantina

The **viola amarantina**  is a stringed musical instrument from Amarante, Northern Portugal. It is also named **viola de dois corações** (two-hearted guitar) because of the two heart-shaped frontal openings. It has 10 strings in 5 courses. The strings are made of steel. It is tuned A3 A3, F# F#, B2 B3, G2 G3, D2 D3.

It is traditional to construct the viola amarantina from walnut for the sides, pine for the soundboard and the neck in mahogany.

The viola amarantina is also sometimes played in Cabo Verde.

## InfoBox

Viola Amarantina
| Viola Amarantina | |
| --- | --- |
| String instrument | |
| Other names | Viola de Amarante, Viola de dois corações. |
| Classification | String instrument |
| Hornbostel–Sachs classification | <br>(Composite chordophone) |
| Developed | Amarante, Northern Portugal |
| Related instruments | |
| Viola caipira, viola beiroa, viola braguesa, viola campaniça, viola da terra, viola de arame, viola sertaneja, viola terceira, viola toeira. | |