title: Money in the Bank (2021)

abstract: The 2021 Money in the Bank was a professional wrestling event produced by WWE. It was the 12th annual Money in the Bank and took place on July 18, 2021, at Dickies Arena in Fort Worth, Texas. The event aired via pay-per-view (PPV) and livestreaming and was held for wrestlers from the promotion's Raw and SmackDown brand divisions. This was the first Money in the Bank to livestream on Peacock and the first Money in the Bank event to take place in the state of Texas. During the height of the COVID-19 pandemic from March 2020 to July 2021, WWE had presented their shows behind closed doors, first from the WWE Performance Center, then moving in August 2020 to a bio-secure bubble called the WWE ThunderDome. With declining cases and the availability of vaccines, WWE left the ThunderDome and returned to a live touring schedule in mid-July 2021, marking Money in the Bank as the first WWE PPV with a full crowd, and the first PPV held outside of the state of Florida since Elimination Chamber in March 2020. Seven matches were contested at the event, including one on the Kickoff pre-show. In the main event, Roman Reigns defeated Edge to retain SmackDown's Universal Championship. Additionally, Big E and Nikki A.S.H. won their respective men's and women's Money in the Bank ladder matches. In other prominent matches, Bobby Lashley defeated Kofi Kingston to retain Raw's WWE Championship and Charlotte Flair defeated Rhea Ripley to win her record-tying fifth Raw Women's Championship and 13th overall singles championship in the women's division. The event also saw the surprise return of John Cena, appearing for the first time since WrestleMania 36 in April 2020. This event is also notable for marking the beginning of the Usos' fifth reign as SmackDown Tag Team Champions, which currently stands as the longest reign in the championship's history, and the longest Tag Team Championship reign of any kind in the history of WWE at 622 days, in which started on the Kickoff pre-show.

text:
# Money in the Bank (2021)

The 2021 **Money in the Bank** was a professional wrestling event produced by WWE. It was the 12th annual Money in the Bank and took place on July 18, 2021, at Dickies Arena in Fort Worth, Texas. The event aired via pay-per-view (PPV) and livestreaming and was held for wrestlers from the promotion's Raw and SmackDown brand divisions. This was the first Money in the Bank to livestream on Peacock and the first Money in the Bank event to take place in the state of Texas.

During the height of the COVID-19 pandemic from March 2020 to July 2021, WWE had presented their shows behind closed doors, first from the WWE Performance Center, then moving in August 2020 to a bio-secure bubble called the WWE ThunderDome (excluding WrestleMania 37 in April 2021, which was the company's first major event to have live ticketed fans since the pandemic began). With declining cases and the availability of vaccines, WWE left the ThunderDome and returned to a live touring schedule in mid-July 2021, marking Money in the Bank as the first WWE PPV with a full crowd, and the first PPV held outside of the state of Florida since Elimination Chamber in March 2020.

Seven matches were contested at the event, including one on the Kickoff pre-show. In the main event, Roman Reigns defeated Edge to retain SmackDown's Universal Championship. Additionally, Big E and Nikki A.S.H. won their respective men's and women's Money in the Bank ladder matches. In other prominent matches, Bobby Lashley defeated Kofi Kingston to retain Raw's WWE Championship and Charlotte Flair defeated Rhea Ripley to win her record-tying fifth Raw Women's Championship and 13th overall singles championship in the women's division. The event also saw the surprise return of John Cena, appearing for the first time since WrestleMania 36 in April 2020.

This event is also notable for marking the beginning of the Usos' fifth reign as SmackDown Tag Team Champions, which currently stands as the longest reign in the championship's history, and the longest Tag Team Championship reign of any kind in the history of WWE at 622 days, in which started on the Kickoff pre-show.

## Production

### Background

Money in the Bank is an annual professional wrestling event produced by WWE since 2010, generally held between May and July. The concept of the event comes from WWE's established Money in the Bank ladder match, in which multiple wrestlers use ladders to retrieve a briefcase hanging above the ring. The briefcase contains a contract that guarantees the winner a match for a world championship of their choosing at any time within the next year. The 2021 event featured wrestlers from the Raw and SmackDown brand divisions; male wrestlers competed for a contract to grant them a match for either Raw's WWE Championship or SmackDown's Universal Championship, while female wrestlers competed for a Raw Women's Championship or SmackDown Women's Championship match contract. While the previous year's event had featured a "Corporate Ladder" gimmick, which took place at WWE's Titan Towers headquarters and had only six competitors in each match due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2021 event reverted to the standard version of the titular ladder match as well as returning to having eight competitors for both matches, evenly divided between the two brands. It was the 12th Money in the Bank and the first to be held in July since the 2013 event. The event aired on pay-per-view (PPV) worldwide and was available to livestream on the WWE Network in international markets, and was the first Money in the Bank to livestream on Peacock after the American version of the WWE Network merged under Peacock in March.

The 2021 event was initially scheduled for May 16, however, it switched dates with WrestleMania Backlash and was to take place on June 20 until Hell in a Cell was announced for that date with Money in the Bank pushed back to July 18, which had originally been reported as the date for Extreme Rules. It was also reported that Money in the Bank would be held with live ticketed fans in attendance. Since August 2020, WWE had presented Raw and SmackDown's shows from a bio-secure bubble called the WWE ThunderDome due to the COVID-19 pandemic. With cases declining and vaccines available to most American citizens, the company announced that they would be leaving the ThunderDome and returning to live touring, starting with a 25-city tour beginning with the July 16, 2021, episode of *SmackDown* in Houston, Texas. Money in the Bank was in turn announced to take place at Dickies Arena in Fort Worth, Texas on July 18, thus it was the first WWE pay-per-view held outside of Florida since Elimination Chamber on March 8, 2020, and the first pay-per-view held following the end of the ThunderDome Era.

### Storylines

The event comprised seven matches, including one on the Kickoff pre-show, that resulted from scripted storylines. Results were predetermined by WWE's writers on the Raw and SmackDown brands, while storylines were produced on WWE's weekly television shows, *Monday Night Raw* and *Friday Night SmackDown*.

In the main event of Night 2 of WrestleMania 37, Roman Reigns defeated Edge and Daniel Bryan in a triple threat match to retain the Universal Championship. On the June 25 episode of *SmackDown*, Reigns and his special counsel Paul Heyman had a Universal Championship address. Heyman stated that Reigns had defeated all of SmackDown's top contenders and that there was no one left to challenge Reigns. Edge then made a surprise return after a two-month hiatus and attacked Reigns and also took out Jimmy Uso, who had come to Reigns' aid. On *Talking Smack* the next day, it was revealed that Edge had confronted WWE officials Adam Pearce and Sonya Deville and demanded a one-on-one match against Reigns for the title at Money in the Bank, which he was originally supposed to have at WrestleMania before Bryan worked his way into the match. Pearce then granted him the match. The following week, Edge explained that the loss at WrestleMania affected him mentally, which is why he had taken the past two months off.

Qualifying matches for the men's Money in the Bank ladder match began on the June 21 episode of *Raw*. Ricochet, John Morrison, and Riddle qualified by defeating AJ Styles, Randy Orton, and Drew McIntyre, respectively. Raw's final spot was determined in a triple threat match the following week, which was originally scheduled to be between Styles, Orton, and McIntyre; however, Orton was unable to compete for unknown reasons. A battle royal was held to fill Orton's spot in the triple threat match. Orton's RK-Bro tag team partner Riddle convinced WWE officials Adam Pearce and Sonya Deville to allow him to compete in the battle royal where if he won, he would represent Orton in the triple threat match. Although Riddle won the battle royal, McIntyre won the triple threat match to earn Raw's final spot in the Money in the Bank ladder match. SmackDown's first spot was filled by Big E, who qualified by defeating Intercontinental Champion Apollo Crews on the June 25 episode of *SmackDown*. The following week, Kevin Owens qualified by defeating Sami Zayn in a Last Man Standing match, which was a rematch from Hell in a Cell that Zayn had won. SmackDown's last two spots were filled on the July 9 episode: Seth Rollins defeated Cesaro, which was another rematch from Hell in a Cell that Rollins had also won, and King Nakamura defeated Baron Corbin, previously King Corbin before he lost his King of the Ring crown to Shinsuke Nakamura, who took on the king moniker.

Qualifying matches for the women's Money in the Bank ladder match also began on the June 21 episode of *Raw*. The brand's four participants were determined by two tag team matches in which the members of the winning teams qualified. Asuka and Naomi qualified by defeating the team of Eva Marie and Doudrop (formerly Piper Niven in NXT UK) and later, Alexa Bliss and Nikki Cross, the latter incorporating a superhero gimmick and a new nickname of Nikki A.S.H. (short for Almost a Super Hero), qualified by defeating the team of Nia Jax and Shayna Baszler. On the June 25 episode of *SmackDown*, WWE official Sonya Deville named two-time Money in the Bank winner Carmella as the first of SmackDown's four participants. Liv Morgan, who had been feuding with Carmella and defeated her two weeks earlier, took issue as Carmella did not compete in a qualifier match to earn her spot. Deville then had Morgan face Carmella to prove she deserved to be in the match and Morgan subsequently defeated Carmella; however, Deville did not add her to the ladder match. The following week, Deville named Zelina Vega, who made her return to WWE after her release in November 2020, as the second SmackDown entrant in the match. Morgan again confronted Deville about Vega not having to qualify. She also pointed out the fact that she proved herself by defeating Carmella and was not added, but would prove herself again in a match against Vega. Morgan subsequently defeated Vega, but was still not added. On the July 9 episode, Carmella was removed from the match as she was named as Bayley's replacement in the SmackDown Women's Championship match against Bianca Belair due to Bayley suffering an injury. Morgan once again confronted Deville about her giving Carmella an opportunity despite not earning one; although annoyed at Morgan's interruption, Deville named Morgan as Carmella's replacement in the Money in the Bank ladder match. WWE Women's Tag Team Champions Natalya and Tamina were announced as SmackDown's last two participants on July 12 and July 15, respectively, via Twitter.

On the June 21 episode of *Raw*, as WWE Champion Bobby Lashley and his manager MVP were celebrating Lashley's win over Drew McIntyre at Hell in a Cell the previous night, they were interrupted by The New Day (Kofi Kingston and Xavier Woods). Kingston reminded Lashley that he had defeated him in a non-title match on the May 17 episode of *Raw* and that he had also never received a rematch for the title after he lost the championship to Brock Lesnar at *SmackDown's 20th Anniversary* in October 2019. Kingston then challenged Lashley for the title. Lashley accepted and the match was scheduled for Money in the Bank.

At Hell in a Cell, Charlotte Flair defeated Raw Women's Champion Rhea Ripley by disqualification after Ripley attacked Flair with the top cover of the announce table; however, since titles do not change hands via disqualification unless stipulated, Flair did not win the title. The following night on *Raw*, Flair claimed she was "proud" of Ripley and told Ripley that she had never seen her as a "strategic champion". WWE official Sonya Deville then scheduled a rematch between the two for the title at Money in the Bank.

On the June 7 episode of *Raw*, The Viking Raiders (Erik and Ivar) won a tag team battle royal to earn a match against AJ Styles and Omos for the Raw Tag Team Championship at a future date. On the July 12 episode, Ivar defeated Styles, while Omos defeated Erik in Omos' first singles match. That same day, the title match was scheduled for Money in the Bank.

On the May 28 episode of *SmackDown*, The Usos (Jey Uso and Jimmy Uso) teamed up for the first time in over a year and defeated The Street Profits (Angelo Dawkins and Montez Ford) to become the number one contenders for The Mysterios' (Rey Mysterio and Dominik Mysterio) SmackDown Tag Team Championship. The following week, however, The Usos failed to win the titles not once, but twice. The first time, Dominik pinned Jimmy despite Jimmy's shoulder being off the mat. The second time, Universal Champion Roman Reigns attacked Dominik, causing a disqualification. Afterwards, Reigns continued his attack on The Mysterios. On the June 11 episode, Rey challenged Reigns for the Universal Championship. The match was later scheduled for Hell in a Cell as a Hell in a Cell match, but was later rescheduled to the June 18 episode of *SmackDown*, where Reigns retained. The Mysterios returned on the July 9 episode of *SmackDown* to assist Edge in attacking Reigns and The Usos. The following week, Reigns and The Usos defeated Edge and The Mysterios in a six-man tag team match. Earlier that night, another title match between The Usos and The Mysterios was scheduled for the Kickoff pre-show.

#### Canceled match

At Hell in a Cell, Bianca Belair defeated Bayley in a Hell in a Cell match to retain the SmackDown Women's Championship. On the following episode of *SmackDown*, both were involved in a mixed tag team match in which Bayley pinned Belair. The following week, Bayley claimed that Belair's Hell in a Cell victory was a fluke, citing her own victory over Belair in the mixed tag team match. Belair then came out and challenged Bayley to an "I Quit" match with the title on the line at Money in the Bank and Bayley accepted. On July 9, however, WWE announced that Bayley suffered a legitimate injury while training that would sideline her for up to nine months; this was followed by an announcement that a replacement for Bayley would be revealed on that night's *SmackDown*. Carmella was revealed as the replacement and the match was changed to a regular singles match that would instead occur on the July 16 episode of *SmackDown*, where Belair retained. This also resulted in WWE moving the Raw Tag Team Championship match between AJ Styles and Omos (c) and The Viking Raiders from the July 12 episode of *Raw* to the Money In The Bank event in order to fill the slot in the match card vacated by the cancellation of the former.

## Event

**Other on-screen personnel**
| Role: | Name: |
| --- | --- |
| English commentators | Michael Cole (SmackDown) |
| | Pat McAfee (SmackDown) |
| | Jimmy Smith (Raw) |
| | Corey Graves (Raw) |
| | Byron Saxton (Raw) |
| Spanish commentators | Carlos Cabrera |
| | Marcelo Rodriguez |
| Ring announcers | Greg Hamilton (SmackDown) |
| | Mike Rome (Raw) |
| Referees | Danilo Anfibio |
| | Jason Ayers |
| | Jessika Carr |
| | Darrick Moore |
| | Eddie Orengo |
| | Chad Patton |
| | Charles Robinson |
| | Rod Zapata |
| Interviewer | Kevin Patrick |
| Pre-show panel | Kayla Braxton |
| | John "Bradshaw" Layfield |
| | Peter Rosenberg |
| | Booker T |
| | Jerry Lawler |
| | Sonya Deville |

### Pre-show

During the Money in the Bank Kickoff pre-show, The Mysterios (Rey Mysterio and Dominik Mysterio) defended the SmackDown Tag Team Championship against The Usos (Jey Uso and Jimmy Uso). During the match, Jey caught Rey with a Superkick in mid-air and then performed the Uso Splash on Rey for a nearfall. In the end, as Rey attempted a 619 on Jey, Jimmy protected Jey with Jimmy receiving the 619 instead. Jey then performed a roll-up on Rey with an assist from Jimmy to win the titles for the fifth time, and their seventh overall tag team championship in WWE. This would mark the beginning of The Usos' record-setting title reign, which currently stands as the longest tag team title reign in WWE at 622 days.

### Preliminary matches

The actual pay-per-view opened with the women's Money in the Bank ladder match, featuring Alexa Bliss, Asuka, Naomi, and Nikki A.S.H. from Raw and Liv Morgan, Zelina Vega, and WWE Women's Tag Team Champions, Natalya and Tamina, from SmackDown. During the match, Bliss used her supernatural powers to try and lower the contract into her hands only for Vega to stop her. Later atop a ladder, Bliss hypnotized Vega into climbing down the ladder and allowing Bliss an opportunity to unhook the briefcase, however, Natalya intercepted Bliss. The rest of the competitors eventually buried Bliss under a pile of ladders, taking Bliss out for the remainder of the match. With three ladders positioned under the briefcase, Asuka, Naomi, Morgan, Vega, Natalya, and Tamina all fought atop of the three ladders. Nikki, who had been down outside the ring, used the opportunity to quickly climb the middle ladder and reach over the other competitors to unhook the briefcase and win the match.

Next, AJ Styles and Omos defended the Raw Tag Team Championship against The Viking Raiders (Erik and Ivar). In the end, Erik and Ivar performed The Viking Experience on Styles, however, Omos stood on the ring apron and shoved Erik into Ivar to void the pin attempt. Omos then delivered a Two-Handed Chokeslam on Erik to retain the titles.

After that, Bobby Lashley (accompanied by MVP) defended Raw's WWE Championship against Kofi Kingston. At the start of the match, Kingston performed a Double Stomp on Lashley's chest for a nearfall. Following this, Lashley completely dominated Kingston for the remainder of the match. After Kingston refused to submit to the Hurt Lock, Lashley performed the Dominator three times on Kingston before applying the Hurt Lock again, causing Kingston to pass out and retain the title.

In the fourth match, Rhea Ripley defended the Raw Women's Championship against Charlotte Flair. After a well contested match, as Ripley went for the Riptide, Flair countered into a DDT. Flair performed the Natural Selection on Ripley off the second rope for a nearfall. Ripley performed a German Suplex on Flair who rolled out of the ring. Flair rammed Ripley's head in a turnbuckle and trapped her leg in between the steel steps and the corner post, kicking it several times. Flair then got Ripley back in the ring and applied the Figure Eight Leglock on her to win the title for a record-tying fifth time, marking her 13th overall singles championship in WWE and 14th title overall.

Nikki A.S.H. (shown here under her previous gimmick of Nikki Cross) and Big E were the respective winners of the men's and women's Money in the Bank ladder matches.

The penultimate match was the men's Money in the Bank ladder match, featuring Drew McIntyre, John Morrison, Ricochet, and Riddle from Raw and Big E, Kevin Owens, King Nakamura, and Seth Rollins from SmackDown. During the match, as McIntyre ascended the ladder, he was attacked by Jinder Mahal with a steel chair and was carried off by Mahal's henchmen Shanky and Veer—continuing a rivalry that had recently begun on *Raw*. As Ricochet ascended the ladder, Riddle tipped the ladder over and Ricochet jumped onto the other competitors, who were outside the ring. Riddle and Owens performed the RKO and Stunner, respectively, on the remaining competitors. As Owens ascended the ladder, Rollins pulled Owens off, performing a Powerbomb on Owens through a ladder that was wedged between the apron and announce table. As Rollins ascended the ladder, Big E stopped him and performed the Big Ending on Rollins off the ladder. Big E then ascended the ladder and unhooked the briefcase to win the match.

### Main event

In the main event, Roman Reigns (accompanied by Paul Heyman) defended SmackDown's Universal Championship against Edge. During the match, Reigns and Edge brawled at ringside. As Reigns attempted the Spear, Edge moved out of the way and Reigns went through the barricade. Edge then performed a Spear on Reigns through the remainder of the barricade. Back in the ring, as Reigns performed the Superman Punch on Edge, Edge incapacitated the referee. Reigns obtained a broken piece of a chair and attempted to apply the Crossface on Edge, however, Edge reversed and applied the Crossface on Reigns. The Usos (Jey and Jimmy) then came out and attempted to interfere in the match, however this was thwarted by Rey and Dominik Mysterio, who attacked them before they reached the ring. Seth Rollins, frustrated over losing the Money in the Bank ladder match earlier as well as for Edge receiving the championship match before him, then came out and performed a Superkick on Edge. As Reigns attempted a Spear, Edge performed a Spear of his own for a nearfall. Rollins then returned to the ring, only for Edge to knock him off the apron. This brief distraction allowed Reigns to perform a Spear on Edge and retain the title. Following the match, as Reigns and Rollins had a stare down, Edge attacked Rollins and they brawled into the crowd. As Reigns obtained a microphone and proclaimed that the whole world needed to acknowledge him, John Cena made a surprise return—in his first appearance since WrestleMania 36 in April 2020—and entered the ring where Cena had a stare down with Reigns and performed his "You Can't See Me" taunt at Reigns to end the event.

## Reception

Though the event itself was well-received, Peacock's streaming of the event in the United States was poorly received due to technical issues occurring throughout, particularly during the men's Money in the Bank ladder match.

Dave Meltzer rated the men's Money in the Bank ladder match 4.75 stars, which was the highest of the night. Roman Reigns vs. Edge and Charlotte Flair vs. Rhea Ripley both received 4.25 stars. The women's Money in the Bank ladder match and Bobby Lashley vs. Kofi Kingston received 2 stars, the lowest rated matches of the night. The Raw Tag Team Championship match received 2.5 stars, and the kick-off show match received 3.5 stars.

## Aftermath

### Raw

Following his dominant victory over Kofi Kingston, Bobby Lashley (accompanied by MVP) held an open challenge for the WWE Championship on the following night's episode of *Raw*. The challenge was accepted by a returning Keith Lee, who had been out with health issues since February, but lost to Lashley. Following the match, Lashley and MVP were confronted by WWE Hall of Famer Goldberg, appearing for the first time since the Royal Rumble in January. Goldberg proclaimed that he would be Lashley's next challenger, which was scheduled for SummerSlam.

Also on the following *Raw*, as Charlotte Flair boasted about winning the Raw Women's Championship for a fifth time, she was confronted by Rhea Ripley, who challenged her to a rematch that night which was granted by WWE officials Adam Pearce and Sonya Deville. During the match, Flair was disqualified after striking Ripley with the championship belt, thus Ripley won the match but not the title. Following the match, the two brawled at ringside where Ripley performed the Riptide on Flair. Nikki A.S.H. then ran down to the ring and cashed in her Money in the Bank contract and defeated Flair to win the Raw Women's Championship. The following week, Nikki was scheduled to defend the title against Flair and Ripley in a triple threat match at SummerSlam.

Also on *Raw*, Riddle teamed with The Viking Raiders (Erik and Ivar) in a six-man tag team match against John Morrison and Raw Tag Team Champions AJ Styles and Omos in which The Viking Raiders performed The Viking Experience on Morrison to win the match. Styles and Omos were subsequently scheduled to defend the Raw Tag Team Championship in a rematch against The Viking Raiders on the following week's episode, where Styles and Omos again retained.

Jinder Mahal, along with Shanky and Veer, gloated about costing Drew McIntyre the Money in the Bank ladder match. McIntyre then appeared and attacked Mahal and Veer with a steel chair. As Shanky tried to calm McIntyre down, McIntyre attacked Shanky with multiple chair shots. After a couple more weeks of feuding, a match between McIntyre and Mahal was scheduled for SummerSlam with Shanky and Veer banned from ringside.

### SmackDown

Instead of waiting until *SmackDown*, John Cena first appeared on *Raw* to explain his appearance at Money in the Bank. He stated that he wanted to put Reigns in his place and officially challenged Reigns for the Universal Championship at SummerSlam. On *SmackDown*, however, Reigns rejected Cena's challenge and instead accepted a challenge from Finn Bálor, who had returned to SmackDown the previous week. An altercation occurred during the contract signing the following week, which ultimately led to Cena signing the match contract, officially scheduling Reigns to defend the title against Cena at SummerSlam.

Also on the following episode of *SmackDown*, Edge claimed that he would have won the Universal Championship had it not been for Seth Rollins' actions. He stated that their issues date back to December 2014 when Rollins had attempted to injure Edge's surgically repaired neck and definitively put an end to his career. Rollins then came out and said he despised older wrestlers like Edge and John Cena for coming back and taking opportunities from the current wrestlers who earned them. A brawl then ensued with Edge performing the Edgecution on Rollins. As Edge attempted a Spear, Rollins retreated. On the August 6 episode, Edge challenged Rollins to a match at SummerSlam that Rollins accepted.

Big E cut a promo on winning the Money in the Bank briefcase and called it the biggest victory of his career, only for Intercontinental Champion Apollo Crews (accompanied by Commander Azeez) to interrupt and gloat about defeating Big E for the title back at WrestleMania 37. Dolph Ziggler and Robert Roode interrupted, followed by King Nakamura (accompanied by Rick Boogs) and Cesaro, all wanting to challenge Crews for the Intercontinental Championship. A brawl then ensued with Big E, Cesaro, and Nakamura taking out Crews, Azeez, Ziggler, and Roode. Big E then appeared on the September 13 episode of *Raw* and successfully cashed in his Money in the Bank contract on Bobby Lashley to win the WWE Championship, thus transferring to Raw in the process, and made Big E WWE's 33rd Triple Crown winner.

Also on *SmackDown*, Jimmy Uso defeated Dominik Mysterio in a singles match, thanks to Jey assisting Jimmy during the pin, similar to the pin during Money in the Bank Kickoff that won The Usos the SmackDown Tag Team Championship from Dominik and Rey Mysterio. The following week, Rey defeated Jimmy with that same pinning combination. On August 5, a championship rematch between the two teams was scheduled for SummerSlam.

## Results

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1<sup>P</sup> | The Usos (Jey Uso and Jimmy Uso) defeated The Mysterios (Rey Mysterio and Dominik Mysterio) (c) by pinfall | Tag team match for the WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship | 11:25 |
| 2 | Nikki A.S.H. defeated Alexa Bliss, Asuka, Liv Morgan, Naomi, Natalya, Tamina, and Zelina Vega | Money in the Bank ladder match for a women's championship match contract | 15:45 |
| 3 | AJ Styles and Omos (c) defeated The Viking Raiders (Erik and Ivar) by pinfall | Tag team match for the WWE Raw Tag Team Championship | 12:55 |
| 4 | Bobby Lashley (c) (with MVP) defeated Kofi Kingston by technical submission | Singles match for the WWE Championship | 7:35 |
| 5 | Charlotte Flair defeated Rhea Ripley (c) by submission | Singles match for the WWE Raw Women's Championship | 16:50 |
| 6 | Big E defeated Drew McIntyre, John Morrison, Kevin Owens, King Nakamura, Ricochet, Riddle, and Seth Rollins | Money in the Bank ladder match for a world championship match contract | 17:40 |
| 7 | Roman Reigns (c) (with Paul Heyman) defeated Edge by pinfall | Singles match for the WWE Universal Championship | 33:10 |
| (c)  – the champion(s) heading into the match  P  – the match was broadcast on the pre-show | | | |

1. This match was moved from the July 12 episode of *Raw* in order to occupy the slot vacated by the cancellation of the SmackDown Women's Championship "I Quit" match between Bianca Belair (c) and Bayley, due to the latter sustaining an injury.

## InfoBox

| Money in the Bank | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional poster featuring Bianca Belair | |
| Promotion | WWE |
| Brand(s) | Raw<br>SmackDown |
| Date | July 18, 2021 |
| City | Fort Worth, Texas |
| Venue | Dickies Arena |
| Attendance | 14,541 |
| WWE Network event chronology | |
| **Previous**<br>Hell in a Cell **Next** <br>SummerSlam | |
| Money in the Bank chronology | |
| **Previous**<br>2020 **Next** <br>2022 | |


title: Monstera gracilis

abstract: Monstera gracilis is a flowering plant in family Araceae.

text:
# Monstera gracilis

***Monstera gracilis*** is a flowering plant in family Araceae.

## Distribution

It is native to southern Venezuela and Northern Peru.

## InfoBox

| *Monstera gracilis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Alismatales |
| Family: | Araceae |
| Genus: | *Monstera* |
| Species: | ***M. gracilis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Monstera gracilis***<br>Engl. | |
|


title: Monstera filamentosa

abstract: Monstera filamentosa is a flowering plant in the genus Monstera and family Araceae. It is known for its highly fenestrated leaves.

text:
# Monstera filamentosa

***Monstera filamentosa*** is a flowering plant in the genus *Monstera* and family Araceae.

It is known for its highly fenestrated leaves.

## Distribution

It is native to Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia.

## InfoBox

| *Monstera filamentosa* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Alismatales |
| Family: | Araceae |
| Genus: | *Monstera* |
| Species: | ***M. filamentosa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Monstera filamentosa***<br>Croat & Grayum | |
|


title: Monsieur Linh and His Child

abstract: Monsieur Linh and His Child is a novella by French author Philippe Claudel, originally published in French in 2005. Monsier Linh is a South-East Asian — probably Vietnamese — refugee to France. His son and daughter-in-law were killed in an unspecified war, and he has fled to France with his infant granddaughter, Sang Diû. Despite the language barrier, he befriends the widower Monsieur Bark, whom he meets on a park bench.

text:
# Monsieur Linh and His Child

***Monsieur Linh and His Child*** is a novella by French author Philippe Claudel, originally published in French in 2005.

Monsier Linh is a South-East Asian — probably Vietnamese — refugee to France. His son and daughter-in-law were killed in an unspecified war, and he has fled to France with his infant granddaughter, Sang Diû. Despite the language barrier, he befriends the widower Monsieur Bark, whom he meets on a park bench.


title: Monsieur Octave

abstract: Monsieur Octave is a 1951 French comedy film directed by Maurice Boutel and starring Pierre Larquey, Marcel Pérès and Mady Berry. A recently retired railway worker borrows money to build a new house.

text:
# Monsieur Octave

***Monsieur Octave*** is a 1951 French comedy film directed by Maurice Boutel and starring Pierre Larquey, Marcel Pérès and Mady Berry. A recently retired railway worker borrows money to build a new house.

## Cast

1. Bessy, Bernard & Chirat p.450

## Bibliography

* Maurice Bessy, André Bernard & Raymond Chirat. *Histoire du cinéma français: 1951-1955*. Pygmalion, 1989.

## InfoBox

| Monsieur Octave | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Maurice Boutel |
| Written by | Maurice Boutel |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Pierre Petit |
| Production<br>company | Compagnie Parisienne Cinématographique |
| Distributed by | Compagnie Parisienne Cinématographique |
| Release date | * 1951 (1951) |
| Country | France |
| Language | French |


title: Monmouth, California

abstract: Monmouth is a census-designated place in Fresno County, California. It is located 7.25 miles (12 km) west of Selma, at an elevation of 276 feet. At the 2010 census, Monmouth had a population of 152. Officials of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad named the place after Monmouth, Illinois. A post office operated at Monmouth from 1908 to 1919.

text:
# Monmouth, California

**Monmouth** is a census-designated place in Fresno County, California. It is located 7.25 miles (12 km) west of Selma, at an elevation of 276 feet (84 m). At the 2010 census, Monmouth had a population of 152.

Officials of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad (Monmouth was a stop on the railroad's Valley Division) named the place after Monmouth, Illinois.

A post office operated at Monmouth from 1908 to 1919.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | 120 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census
2010 | | | |

Monmouth first appeared as a census designated place in the 2010 U.S. Census.

At the 2010 census Monmouth had a population of 152. The population density was 493.4 inhabitants per square mile (190.5/km2). The racial makeup of Monmouth was 82 (53.9%) White, 6 (3.9%) African American, 1 (0.7%) Native American, 5 (3.3%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 47 (30.9%) from other races, and 11 (7.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 107 people (70.4%).

The whole population lived in households, no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and no one was institutionalized.

There were 42 households, 16 (38.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 21 (50.0%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 15 (35.7%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1 (2.4%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 4 (9.5%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 0 (0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 2 households (4.8%) were one person and 0 (0%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.62. There were 37 families (88.1% of households); the average family size was 3.70.

The age distribution was 37 people (24.3%) under the age of 18, 22 people (14.5%) aged 18 to 24, 29 people (19.1%) aged 25 to 44, 36 people (23.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 28 people (18.4%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 34.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.7 males.

There were 48 housing units at an average density of 155.8 per square mile (60.2/km2), of which 42 were occupied, 28 (66.7%) by the owners and 14 (33.3%) by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.7%. 107 people (70.4% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 45 people (29.6%) lived in rental housing units.

## InfoBox

| Monmouth | |
| --- | --- |
| Census designated place | |
| Location in Fresno County and the state of California | |
| MonmouthLocation in California | |
| Coordinates: 36°33′58″N 119°44′24″W / 36.56611°N 119.74000°W / 36.56611; -119.74000 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | California |
| County | Fresno |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.308 sq mi (0.798 km2) |
| Land | 0.308 sq mi (0.798 km2) |
| Water | 0 sq mi (0 km2)  0% |
| Elevation | 276 ft (84 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 120 |
| Density | 390/sq mi (150/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-8 (Pacific) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-7 (PDT) |
| ZIP code | 93725 |
| Area code | 559 |
| GNIS feature IDs | 1656172, 2628758 |
| U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Monmouth, California; U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Monmouth, California | |


title: Monument to the Dream

abstract: Monument to the Dream is a 1967 American short documentary film about the Gateway Arch National Park directed by Charles Guggenheim and narrated by Paul Richards. At the time of the film's production, the park was known as the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.

text:
# Monument to the Dream

***Monument to the Dream*** is a 1967 American short documentary film about the Gateway Arch National Park directed by Charles Guggenheim and narrated by Paul Richards. At the time of the film's production, the park was known as the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.

## InfoBox

| Monument to the Dream | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Charles Guggenheim
L. T. Iglehart |
| Written by | Shelby Storck |
| Produced by | Charles Guggenheim
Shelby Storck |
| Narrated by | Paul Richards |
| Music by | Robert Wykes |
| Production
company | Guggenheim Productions for the National Park Service |
| Release date | * 1967 (1967) |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Monk's House

abstract: Monk's House is a 16th-century weatherboarded cottage in the village of Rodmell, three miles (4.8 km) south of Lewes, East Sussex, England. The writer Virginia Woolf and her husband, the political activist, journalist and editor Leonard Woolf, bought the house by auction at the White Hart Hotel, Lewes, on 1 July 1919 for 700 pounds, and received there many visitors connected to the Bloomsbury Group, including T. S. Eliot, E. M. Forster, Roger Fry and Lytton Strachey. The purchase is described in detail in her Diary, vol. 1, pp. 286–8. Virginia's sister, the artist Vanessa Bell, lived at nearby Charleston Farmhouse in Firle from 1916, and though contrasting in style, both houses became important outposts of the Bloomsbury Group. The National Trust now operates the building as a writer's house museum.

text:
# Monk's House

**Monk's House** is a 16th-century weatherboarded cottage in the village of Rodmell, three miles (4.8 km) south of Lewes, East Sussex, England. The writer Virginia Woolf and her husband, the political activist, journalist and editor Leonard Woolf, bought the house by auction at the White Hart Hotel, Lewes, on 1 July 1919 for 700 pounds, and received there many visitors connected to the Bloomsbury Group, including T. S. Eliot, E. M. Forster, Roger Fry and Lytton Strachey. The purchase is described in detail in her Diary, vol. 1, pp. 286–8.

Virginia's sister, the artist Vanessa Bell, lived at nearby Charleston Farmhouse in Firle from 1916, and though contrasting in style, both houses became important outposts of the Bloomsbury Group. The National Trust now operates the building as a writer's house museum.

## Life at Monk's House

During the Woolfs' early years at Rodmell, Monk's House was of modest dimensions with three-quarters of an acre of garden including an orchard and a number of outbuildings. Conditions were primitive and over the years the Woolfs made many alterations and additions, including: improvements to the kitchen; the installation of a hot water range and bathroom with water closet; and a two-storey extension in 1929. In 1928 they bought an adjoining field to preserve the beautiful views from the garden towards Mount Caburn.

The Woolfs spent more and more time in Rodmell, eventually living there full-time from 1940 when their flat in Mecklenburgh Square, Bloomsbury, London, was damaged during an air raid. The solitude of village life allowed Virginia respite from the tumult of London, and it was in the small wooden lodge at the bottom of the garden that many of her novels took shape. *Jacob's Room*, published in 1922, *Mrs Dalloway* (1925), *To The Lighthouse* (1927), *Orlando* (1928), *The Waves* (1931), *The Years* (1937) and *Between The Acts* (1941), as well as other works, were also written there. Her final novel, *Between the Acts*, published posthumously in July 1941, is steeped in references to Rodmell and the traditions and values of its villagers.

Virginia documented her life at the house in photographs. Preserved in the Monk's House Albums, these include portraits and group pictures of many who visited the house.

In March 1941, Virginia died by suicide, drowning herself in the nearby River Ouse. Leonard continued to live at Monk's House until his death in 1969, and played an active role in village life. Both he and Virginia had been members of the socialist party, and he became a manager of the village school in Rodmell in the 1930s. He was also treasurer and president of the Rodmell and District Horticultural Society.

## Monk's House today

Upon Leonard's death the house was bequeathed to his close friend, the artist Trekkie Parsons, née Ritchie, who sold it to the University of Sussex in 1972. It was eventually turned over to the National Trust in 1980, and is open to the public. The ground floor, including sitting room, dining room, kitchen and Virginia's bedroom, is on display and Virginia's writing lodge can be found at the bottom of the garden with views across to Mount Caburn.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Monk's House | |
| --- | --- |
| Monk's House | |
|  | |
| Location | The Street, Rodmell, East Sussex, England |
| Coordinates | 50°50′19″N 0°00′59″E / 50.8387°N 0.0165°E / 50.8387; 0.0165 |
| Built | 18th-century |
| Owner | The National Trust |
|  | |
| Listed Building – Grade II | |
| Official name | Monks House |
| Designated | 27 September 1979 |
| Reference no. | 1273935 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Monk's House in East SussexMonk's House (England) | |


title: Monsieur le Directeur

abstract: Monsieur le Directeur is a 1988 Egyptian drama film starring Salah Zulfikar and Laila Taher.

text:
# Monsieur le Directeur

***Monsieur le Directeur*** (Egyptian Arabic: الأسطي المدير, translit: *Elosta El Modeer*, aliases: *Handyman General Manager or The Engraver Manager*) is a 1988 Egyptian drama film starring Salah Zulfikar and Laila Taher.

## Synopsis

The family of Hassanein, the senior government employee, suffers from financial troubles, making him unable to meet the needs of his family, a rich family proposes to marry their son Medhat to their daughter Mervat, so that the father falls into a financial predicament, which forces him to pursue the profession of engraver, in order to be able to meet his family's needs, which causes many problems.

## Cast

* Salah Zulfikar
* Laila Taher
* Fatma Mazhar
* Mahmoud El-Gendy
* Mustafa Metwalli
* Magdy Imam
* Azza Gamal
* Soad Hussein
* Nazim Shaarawy
* Gamal Ismail
* Child: Raafat Maher
* Abul Fotouh Amara
* Anwar Madkour
* Thanaa Lamloum
* Mustafa al-Kawawi
* Farouz al-Shahawi
* Nazmi Rizk
* Maysa Fathi
* Samir Rostom
* Hamdi Sharif
* Awatef Abdel Fattah
* Muhammadin Nassar
* MousA Salem
* Ahmed Abu Obeya
* Muhammad al-Qassas
* Sawsan Salem
* Abdel Aziz Issa
* Ahmed Badr
* Mahmoud Hafnawi
* Nawal Hashem
* Farida Abdel Aal
* Tawfiq al-Kurdi

## Reception

The film was a critical success and discussed an important issue concerning economic problems for Egyptian families.

## InfoBox

| Monsieur le Directeur | |
| --- | --- |
| Film Poster | |
|  | |
| Egyptian Arabic | *الأسطي المدير* |
|  | |
| Directed by | Shafik Shameya |
| Written by | Katia Thabet<br>Samir Awad |
| Produced by | Mamdouh El Leithy |
| Starring | Salah Zulfikar |
| Cinematography | Adel Abdelazeem |
| Music by | Hany Shenooda |
| Release date | * 1988 (1988) |
| Country | Egypt |
| Language | Egyptian Arabic |


title: Monocrystalline whisker

abstract: A monocrystalline whisker is a filament of material that is structured as a single, defect-free crystal. Some typical whisker materials are graphite, alumina, iron, silicon carbide and silicon. Single-crystal whiskers of these materials are known for having very high tensile strength. Whiskers are used in some composites, but large-scale fabrication of defect-free whiskers is very difficult. Prior to the discovery of carbon nanotubes, single-crystal whiskers had the highest tensile strength of any materials known, and were featured regularly in science fiction as materials for fabrication of space elevators, arcologies, and other large structures. Despite showing great promise for a range of applications, their usage has been hindered by concerns over their effects on health when inhaled.

text:
# Monocrystalline whisker

A **monocrystalline whisker** is a filament of material that is structured as a single, defect-free crystal. Some typical whisker materials are graphite, alumina, iron, silicon carbide and silicon. Single-crystal whiskers of these (and some other) materials are known for having very high tensile strength (on the order of 10–20 GPa). Whiskers are used in some composites, but large-scale fabrication of defect-free whiskers is very difficult.

Prior to the discovery of carbon nanotubes, single-crystal whiskers had the highest tensile strength of any materials known, and were featured regularly in science fiction as materials for fabrication of space elevators, arcologies, and other large structures. Despite showing great promise for a range of applications, their usage has been hindered by concerns over their effects on health when inhaled.

* "Mechanical and Physical Properties of Whiskers", CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 55th edition.


title: Monocryl

abstract: Monocryl is a synthetic, absorbable suture manufactured in Cornelia, Georgia, USA, and trademarked by Ethicon. It is composed of poliglecaprone 25, which is a copolymer of glycolide and epsilon-caprolactone. It comes both dyed (violet) and undyed (clear) and is an absorbable monofilament suture. It is generally used for soft-tissue approximation and ligation. It is used frequently for subcuticular dermis closures of the face. It has less of a tendency to exit through the skin after it breaks down, such as Vicryl. It is contraindicated for use in cardiovascular and neurologic tissues and for usage in ophthalmic and microsurgery. The use of poliglecaprone suture may be inappropriate in patients who are older, malnourished, or debilitated, as well as in patients with conditions that may delay wound healing. Monocryl has a low tissue reactivity, maintains high tensile strength, and has a half-life of 7 to 14 days. At 1 week, its in vivo tensile strength is at 50–60% undyed, 20–30% undyed at two weeks, and essentially completely hydrolyzed by 91–119 days. When removed from the package, it has a high degree of "memory", or coil. It is slippery, making it easier to pass than a braided suture. It has a consistency close to nylon suture material. It is rarely used for percutaneous skin closure and is not used in areas of high tension.

text:
# Monocryl

**Monocryl** is a synthetic, absorbable suture manufactured in Cornelia, Georgia, USA, and trademarked by Ethicon. It is composed of poliglecaprone 25, which is a copolymer of glycolide and epsilon-caprolactone. It comes both dyed (violet) and undyed (clear) and is an absorbable monofilament suture.

It is generally used for soft-tissue approximation and ligation. It is used frequently for subcuticular dermis closures of the face. It has less of a tendency to exit through the skin after it breaks down, such as Vicryl. It is contraindicated for use in cardiovascular and neurologic tissues and for usage in ophthalmic and microsurgery. The use of poliglecaprone suture may be inappropriate in patients who are older, malnourished, or debilitated, as well as in patients with conditions that may delay wound healing.

Monocryl has a low tissue reactivity, maintains high tensile strength, and has a half-life of 7 to 14 days. At 1 week, its in vivo tensile strength is at 50–60% undyed (60–70% dyed), 20–30% undyed (30–40% dyed) at two weeks, and essentially completely hydrolyzed by 91–119 days. When removed from the package, it has a high degree of "memory", or coil. It is slippery, making it easier to pass than a braided suture. It has a consistency close to nylon suture material. It is rarely used for percutaneous skin closure and is not used in areas of high tension (e.g., fascia).


title: Monnai

abstract: Monnai is a former commune in the Orne department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of La Ferté-en-Ouche. It had a population of 222 as of 2004.

text:
# Monnai

**Monnai** (French pronunciation: \[mɔnɛ\] ) is a former commune in the Orne department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of La Ferté-en-Ouche. It had a population of 222 as of 2004.

## History

The village was founded as "Moenai" in 1100. Following the tradition, the chapel Notre-Dame-du-Vallet was built after the discovery of a statue; it was rebuilt in 16th century and again in 1862. The old village of Ternant, mentioned for the first time in 1100, was linked to Monnai.

In 2005, the "Carrefour des Cultures" 5-day international gathering occurred in Monnai.

## InfoBox

| Monnai | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of La Ferté-en-Ouche | |
| Location of Monnai | |
| MonnaiMonnai | |
| Coordinates: 48°53′34″N 0°23′54″E / 48.8928°N 0.3983°E / 48.8928; 0.3983 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Normandy |
| Department | Orne |
| Arrondissement | Mortagne-au-Perche |
| Canton | Rai |
| Commune | La Ferté-en-Ouche |
| Area**1** | 15.52 km2 (5.99 sq mi) |
| Population (2019) | 259 |
| Density | 17/km2 (43/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 61470 |
| Elevation | 191–262 m (627–860 ft)
(avg. 242 m or 794 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Mordellina testaceicolor

abstract: Mordellina testaceicolor is a species of beetle in the genus Mordellina. It was described in 1967.

text:
# Mordellina testaceicolor

***Mordellina testaceicolor*** is a species of beetle in the genus *Mordellina*. It was described in 1967.

## InfoBox

| *Mordellina testaceicolor* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Genus: | *Mordellina* |
| Species: | ***M. testaceicolor*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordellina testaceicolor***<br>Ermisch, 1967 | |
|


title: Mordellina splendidula

abstract: Mordellina splendidula is a species of beetle in the genus Mordellina. It was described in 1962.

text:
# Mordellina splendidula

***Mordellina splendidula*** is a species of beetle in the genus *Mordellina*. It was described in 1962.

## InfoBox

| *Mordellina splendidula* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Genus: | *Mordellina* |
| Species: | ***M. splendidula*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordellina splendidula***<br>Franciscolo, 1962 | |
|


title: Mordellina problematica

abstract: Mordellina monocalcarata is a species of beetle in the genus Mordellina. It was described in 1952.

text:
# Mordellina problematica

***Mordellina monocalcarata*** is a species of beetle in the genus *Mordellina*. It was described in 1952.

## InfoBox

| *Mordellina problematica* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Genus: | *Mordellina* |
| Species: | ***M. problematica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordellina problematica***<br>Franciscolo, 1952 | |
|


title: Manuel Rojas Luzardo

abstract: Manuel Rojas Luzardo was a Puerto Rican-Venezuelan commander of the Puerto Rican Liberation Army and one of the main leaders of the Grito de Lares uprising against Spanish rule in Puerto Rico.

text:
# Manuel Rojas Luzardo

**Manuel Rojas Luzardo** (c. 1831  October 14, 1903) was a Puerto Rican-Venezuelan commander of the Puerto Rican Liberation Army and one of the main leaders of the Grito de Lares uprising against Spanish rule in Puerto Rico.

## Early years

Manuel Rojas Luzardo was born in the city of Obispos in the state of Barinas, Venezuela, from a Puerto Rican father and a Venezuelan mother. There he received his primary and secondary education. Rojas was a dedicated agricultural worker and when he had saved enough money he moved to Valencia, Spain where he became a successful businessmen. In the early 19th century Venezuela's economy was in turmoil because of internal wars. Rojas decided to go to Puerto Rico where he met and married Obdulia de los Ríos.

The Rojas family moved close to the town of Lares where they settled down. The region was mountainous and its main income came from the coffee crop. Rojas and his brother, Miguel eventually bought and cultivated a 300-acre (120 ha) coffee plantation. The successful plantation was called "El Triunfo", and both men became wealthy merchants. His brother Miguel meet Mariana Bracetti while on a business trip to Añasco. Miguel and Mariana married and moved to "El Triunfo" where the Rojas lived.

## Puerto Rico's independence movement

Rojas admired Puerto Rican independence advocate Ramón Emeterio Betances and together with his brother Miguel, joined Betances in his quest for Puerto Rico's independence. A "Revolution Committee of Puerto Rico" was formed and directed by Betances and Segundo Ruiz Belvis, who were exiled, from the Dominican Republic. Several revolutionary cells were formed in the towns and cities in the western part of the island. They were to support the armed invasion that Betances had planned to bring from the Dominican Republic.

Two of the most important cells were that of Mayagüez, whose leader was Mathias Brugman and code named "Capa Prieto" and that of Lares, code named "Centro Bravo" and headed by Manuel Rojas. "Centro Bravo" was the main center of operations and was located in the Rojas plantation. Manuel Rojas was named "Commander of the Liberation Army" by Betances. Mariana Bracetti (wife of Miguel) was named "Leader of the Lares Revolutionary Council". Upon the request of Betances, Bracetti knitted the revolutionary Flag of Lares known as "La Bandera de Lares".

The Revolutionary Committee named twelve of their members generals of the revolution. They were:

* Manuel Rojas, Commander in Chief of the Liberation Army
* Andres Pol, General of Division
* Juan de Mata Terraforte, General of Division
* Joaquín Parrilla, General of Division
* Nicolás Rocafort, General of Division
* Gabino Plumey, General of Division
* Dorvid Beauchamp, General of Division
* Mathías Brugman, General of Division
* Rafael Arroyo, General of Division
* Francisco Arroyo, General of Division
* Pablo Rivera, Cavalry General
* Abdón Pagán, Artillery General

The Spanish authorities found out about the plot and were able to confiscate the armed ship which Betances had, before it arrived in Puerto Rico. The Mayor of the town of Camuy, Manuel González (who also happened to be the leader of that town's revolutionary cell) was arrested and charged with treason. He was able to hear that the Spanish Army was aware of the independence plot. He then escaped and was able to warn Manuel Rojas.

## El Grito de Lares

Because of this event, the revolutionists decided to start the revolution as soon as possible and set the date for September 23, 1868. Mathias Brugman and his men joined up with Manuel Rojas's men and with about 800 men and women, marched and took the town of Lares in what is known as "El Grito de Lares". The revolutionists entered the town's church and placed the revolutionary flag knitted by Bracetti on the High Altar as a sign that the revolution had begun. They declared Puerto Rico to be the "Republic of Puerto Rico" and named Francisco Ramírez Medina President of the Republic of Puerto Rico.

Rojas and his poorly armed followers proceeded to march on to the town of San Sebastián, armed only with clubs and machetes. The Spanish Army had been forewarned and were waiting for them with superior firepower. When the revolutionists arrived, they were met with deadly fire.

The revolt failed and many of the revolutionists were killed and at least 475 including, Manuel Rojas and Mariana Bracetti were imprisoned in the jail of Arecibo and sentenced to death. Some of them fled and went into hiding. Mathias Brugman was hiding in a local farm when a farm hand by the name of Francisco Quiñones, betrayed him and led the Spanish Authorities to Brugman's hiding place. He was executed on the spot.

## Aftermath

He was arrested that October and sentenced to death by a court-martial. Eugenio María de Hostos led a group of Puerto Ricans who defended those who were involved in the revolt. They met with Spanish President Francisco Serrano (Serrano had just led a revolution against the monarchy in Spain) in Madrid and requested that Rojas and the others be pardoned and that the government not carry out the death penalties imposed upon them. Serrano told de Hostos that if an amnesty was granted it would be for the natives of Puerto Rico and not for the foreigners who participated in the revolt, referring to Rojas. However, de Hostos argued that Rojas was an adoptive son of Puerto Rico, since he arrived in the island at a young age and made it his home and as such should have the same rights that the others had. The incoming governor of Puerto Rico, Jose Sanz, received orders from the new Republican Spanish Government to grant a general amnesty to all those imprisoned, effective on September 20, 1869. Manuel Rojas along with some of the other men involved in the revolution were sent into exile.

Rojas was exiled to Venezuela and went to live in Boconó a city in the Venezuelan Andean state of Trujillo. Little is known about what he did after he went into exile except that he died on October 14, 1903, in Boconó. On December 25, 2002, the Government of Puerto Rico approved Public Law #291, which instructed the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture to study the possibility of transferring the remains of Manuel Rojas, considered by many to be among Puerto Rico's greatest independence leaders.

## Legacy

A school in Bartolo, Lares, Puerto Rico is named after Rojas.

## InfoBox

| Manuel Rojas | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | c. 1831
City of Obispos in the state of Barinas, Venezuela |
| Died | October 14, 1903
City of Boconó in the state of Trujillo, Venezuela |
| Allegiance | Puerto Rico |
| Service/branch | "Revolution Committee of Puerto Rico" |
| Rank | Commander |
| Commands | Puerto Rican Liberation Army |
| Battles/wars | El Grito de Lares |


title: Hyde Park House

abstract: The Hyde Park House was a four-story wood frame upscale hotel in Chicago, built and run by Paul Cornell, that served as the centerpiece for Hyde Park social life from 1857 until 1879. It was located on 53rd Street adjacent to Lake Michigan on land currently occupied by the Hampton House. Cornell successfully marketed Hyde Park as an affluent suburb and resort area. Hyde Park retained this image until the 1930s. The hotel not only served as host to affluent Chicagoans with leisure time and discretionary income, but also served as host to visiting dignitaries. Mary Todd Lincoln brought her sons, Robert and Tad, there after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln where they stayed for two and half months before moving downtown. It also served as host to Prince of Wales, Albert Edward during his 1860 visit to Chicago. The hotel also served as lodging for those studying new home sites in the region and for those overseeing new residential construction.

text:
# Hyde Park House

The **Hyde Park House** was a four-story wood frame upscale hotel in Chicago, built and run by Paul Cornell, that served as the centerpiece for Hyde Park social life from 1857 until 1879. It was located on 53rd Street adjacent to Lake Michigan on land currently occupied by the Hampton House.

Cornell successfully marketed Hyde Park as an affluent suburb and resort area. Hyde Park retained this image until the 1930s. The hotel not only served as host to affluent Chicagoans with leisure time and discretionary income, but also served as host to visiting dignitaries. Mary Todd Lincoln brought her sons, Robert and Tad, there after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln where they stayed for two and half months before moving downtown. It also served as host to Prince of Wales, Albert Edward during his 1860 visit to Chicago.

The hotel also served as lodging for those studying new home sites in the region and for those overseeing new residential construction.

41°47′58″N 87°34′58″W / 41.79944°N 87.58278°W / 41.79944; -87.58278


title: Villers-les-Ormes

abstract: Villers-les-Ormes is a former commune in the Indre department in central France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the commune of Saint-Maur.

text:
# Villers-les-Ormes

**Villers-les-Ormes** (French pronunciation: \[vilɛʁ lez‿ɔʁm\]) is a former commune in the Indre department in central France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the commune of Saint-Maur.

## Population

Historical population
| Year Pop. ±%  1793  230       1800  244 +6.1%  1806  249 +2.0%  1821  246 −1.2%  1831  271 +10.2%  1836  258 −4.8%  1841  239 −7.4%  1846  228 −4.6%  1851  280 +22.8%  1856  303 +8.2%  1861  303 +0.0%  1866  317 +4.6%  1872  328 +3.5%  1876  335 +2.1%  1881  357 +6.6%  1886  357 +0.0%  1891  346 −3.1%  1896  317 −8.4% | Year Pop. ±%  1901  315 −0.6%  1906  314 −0.3%  1911  324 +3.2%  1921  302 −6.8%  1926  302 +0.0%  1931  294 −2.6%  1936  289 −1.7%  1946  279 −3.5%  1954  307 +10.0%  1962  288 −6.2%  1968  248 −13.9%  1975  251 +1.2%  1982  289 +15.1%  1990  292 +1.0%  1999  338 +15.8%  2006  390 +15.4%  2009  431 +10.5% |
| --- | --- |

## InfoBox

| Villers-les-Ormes | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of Saint-Maur | |
| A view within Villers-les-Ormes | |
| Location of Villers-les-Ormes | |
| Villers-les-OrmesVillers-les-Ormes | |
| Coordinates: 46°52′14″N 1°38′01″E / 46.8706°N 1.6336°E / 46.8706; 1.6336 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Centre-Val de Loire |
| Department | Indre |
| Arrondissement | Châteauroux |
| Canton | Levroux |
| Commune | Saint-Maur |
| Area**1** | 17.6 km2 (6.8 sq mi) |
| Population (2019) | 457 |
| Density | 26/km2 (67/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 36250 |
| Elevation | 141–169 m (463–554 ft)
(avg. 156 m or 512 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Patrick Evenepoel

abstract: Patrick Evenepoel is a retired Belgian racing cyclist. In 1993 he rode his only Grand Tour the Vuelta a España where he finished 113th. He is the father of Belgian cyclist Remco Evenepoel.

text:
# Patrick Evenepoel

**Patrick Evenepoel** (born 20 August 1968) is a retired Belgian racing cyclist. In 1993 he rode his only Grand Tour the Vuelta a España where he finished 113th. He is the father of Belgian cyclist Remco Evenepoel.

## Major results

Source:

1987 1st Overall GP Général Patton 1991 1st Seraing-Aachen-Seraing 1992 3rd Brussel-Ingooigem 8th Paris–Camembert 10th Zomergem - Adinkerke 1993 1st Grand Prix de Wallonie

## InfoBox

Patrick Evenepoel
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1968-08-20) 20 August 1968<br>Etterbeek, Belgium |
| Team information | |
| Current team | Retired |
| Discipline | Road |
| Role | Rider |
| Professional teams | |
| 1991 | Histor–Sigma |
| 1992–1994 | Collstrop–Garden Wood |
|  | |
| Major wins | |
| **One-day races and Classics** Grand Prix de Wallonie, (1993) | |
|  | |


title: Nissan Chemical Corporation

abstract: Nissan Chemical Corporation Nissan Chemical Corporation is a Japanese company and constituent of the Nikkei 225 stock index.

text:
# Nissan Chemical Corporation

**Nissan Chemical Corporation** (日産化学株式会社, *Nissan Kagaku Kabushiki-gaisha*) is a Japanese company and constituent of the Nikkei 225 stock index.

## History

The company was founded in 1887 as the **Tokyo Jinzo Hiryo** (**Tokyo Artificial Fertilizer Company**) by Jokichi Takamine, Eiichi Shibusawa and Takashi Masuda. Takamine served as chief technical advisor for the company, which later was renamed to **Dai Nippon Artificial Fertilizer Company**. The company changed the corporate name from Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. to Nissan Chemical Corporation on July 1, 2018.

## Business segments

The four main businesses of Nissan Chemical are Chemicals, Performance Materials, Agricultural Materials and Pharmaceuticals. Among the company's products are LCD display materials such as SUNEVER® and an external antiparasite drug for animals called Fluralaner, which is an active ingredient in the veterinary pharmaceutical "BRAVECTO®", developed by MSD Animal Health (MSD), the global animal health business of Merck & Co., Ltd.

Official website (in English)

## InfoBox

Nissan Chemical Corporation
|
|  |
| Native name | 日産化学株式会社 |
| Company type | Public (K.K) |
| Traded as | TYO: 4021
Nikkei 225 Component |
| ISIN | JP3670800006 |
| Industry | Chemicals |
| Founded | February 1887 (1887-02) |
| Founder | Jokichi Takamine
Eiichi Shibusawa
Takashi Masuda |
| Headquarters | Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-6119, Japan |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Key people | Kojiro Kinoshita
(President and CEO) |
| Products |  |
| Revenue | JPY 193.4 billion (FY 2017)
(US$ 1.8 billion) |
| Net income | JPY 27.1 billion (FY 2017)
(US$ 255 million) |
| Number of employees | 2,583 (consolidated, as of March 31, 2019) |
| Website | Official website |
| **Footnotes / references**
 | |


title: Node-locked licensing

abstract:
Node-locked licensing is a software licensing approach in which a license for a software application is assigned to one or more hardware devices. Typically any numbers of instances are allowed to execute for such license. This form of licensing is used by software publishers to ensure the license is only run on particular hardware devices. Every node is identified by a unique hardware ID which needs to be obtained or entered during the pairing process. This licensing model is also known as:
  - Single Use License
  - Device License
  - Machine Based License
  - Named Host License

text:
# Node-locked licensing

**Node-locked licensing** is a software licensing approach in which a license for a software application is assigned to one or more hardware devices (specific nodes, such as a computer, mobile devices, or IoT device). Typically any numbers of instances are allowed to execute for such license.

This form of licensing is used by software publishers to ensure the license is only run on particular hardware devices.

Every node is identified by a unique hardware ID (device fingerprint) which needs to be obtained or entered during the pairing process (usually product setup or first license validation).

This licensing model is also known as:

* Single Use License
* Device License
* Machine Based License
* Named Host License

1. Cai, Jian-ping; Qiao, Li-ping (2009). "Research and Application of the Floating License Management Strategy". *2009 First International Conference on Information Science and Engineering*. Nanjing, China: IEEE. pp. 1797–1800. doi:10.1109/ICISE.2009.889. ISBN 978-1-4244-4909-5. S2CID 17429089.
2. "Single Use License Definition". *Law Insider*. Retrieved 2021-07-20.
3. cmcatee-MSFT. "Manage licenses for devices". *docs.microsoft.com*. Retrieved 2021-07-20.


title: Nokomis, Illinois

abstract: Nokomis is a city in Montgomery County, Illinois, United States. The population was 2,142 at the 2020 census.

text:
# Nokomis, Illinois

**Nokomis** is a city in Montgomery County, Illinois, United States. The population was 2,142 at the 2020 census.

## Geography

Nokomis is in eastern Montgomery County, along Illinois Route 16 (State Street), which leads southwest 16 miles (26 km) to Hillsboro and northeast 13 miles (21 km) to Pana. Nokomis is bordered to the north by the village of Wenonah and to the southwest by the village of Coalton.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Nokomis has a total area of 1.3 square miles (3.37 km2), all land. The city sits at the headwaters of the East Fork of Shoal Creek, a south-flowing tributary of the Kaskaskia River.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1870 | 893 |  |  |
| 1880 | 1,062 |  | 18.9% |
| 1890 | 1,305 |  | 22.9% |
| 1900 | 1,371 |  | 5.1% |
| 1910 | 1,872 |  | 36.5% |
| 1920 | 3,465 |  | 85.1% |
| 1930 | 2,454 |  | −29.2% |
| 1940 | 2,562 |  | 4.4% |
| 1950 | 2,544 |  | −0.7% |
| 1960 | 2,476 |  | −2.7% |
| 1970 | 2,532 |  | 2.3% |
| 1980 | 2,656 |  | 4.9% |
| 1990 | 2,534 |  | −4.6% |
| 2000 | 2,389 |  | −5.7% |
| 2010 | 2,256 |  | −5.6% |
| 2020 | 2,142 |  | −5.1% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,389 people, 1,031 households, and 630 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,837.3 inhabitants per square mile (709.4/km2). There were 1,130 housing units at an average density of 869.0 per square mile (335.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 99.46% White, 0.25% Native American, 0.04% Asian, and 0.25% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.17% of the population.

There were 1,031 households, out of which 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.2% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.8% were non-families. 35.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.87.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 22.8% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 24.6% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 25.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,612, and the median income for a family was $36,850. Males had a median income of $35,106 versus $19,844 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,328. About 10.7% of families and 14.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.9% of those under age 18 and 9.9% of those age 65 or over.

## Notable people

## Recreation

Nokomis is home to three public parks: Nokomis Community Memorial Park, Fred B. Johnson Nokomis City Park and the Shane P. Cole Memorial Park. Ramsey Lake State Recreation Area is 19 miles (31 km) southeast of Nokomis. The park offers fishing, camping, group camping, horseback riding, hiking trails, and three playgrounds.

## Media

* *Nokomis Free Press-Progress*, Nokomis' longstanding print newspaper since 1918
* *Heartland Newsfeed*, a digital news company based in Nokomis since 2016

## InfoBox

| Nokomis, Illinois | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| Location in Montgomery County, Illinois | |
| NokomisLocation in the United States | |
| Coordinates: 39°18′01″N 89°17′07″W / 39.30028°N 89.28528°W / 39.30028; -89.28528 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Illinois |
| County | Montgomery |
| Township | Nokomis |
| Government | |
| Type | Municipal |
| Body | Mayor/Commissioner |
| Mayor | Dylan Goldsmith (I) |
| Commissioners | Michael Glenn, Louis Stauder, Tisha Morris, Scott Arkebauer (all I) |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.26 sq mi (3.27 km2) |
| Land | 1.26 sq mi (3.27 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 676 ft (206 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 2,142 |
| Density | 1,697.31/sq mi (655.43/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−6 (CST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 62075 |
| Area code | 217 |
| FIPS code | 17-53169 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2395243 |
| Wikimedia Commons | Nokomis, Illinois |
| Website | cityofnokomis.com |


title: Noel Skehan

abstract: Richard Noel Skehan is an Irish former hurler who played as a goalkeeper at senior level for the Kilkenny county team. Born in Bennettsbridge, County Kilkenny, Skehan first arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of sixteen when he first linked up with the Kilkenny minor team before later joining the under-21 side. He joined the senior panel during the 1963 championship. Skehan spent almost a decade as a substitute before becoming a regular member of the starting fifteen and won nine All-Ireland medals, fourteen Leinster medals and three National Hurling League medals on the field of play. He was an All-Ireland runner-up on five occasions. As a member of the Leinster inter-provincial team on a number of occasions Skehan won four Railway Cup medals. At club level he is a six-time championship medallist with Bennettsbridge. His uncle, Dan Kennedy, and his first cousin, Ollie Walsh, also enjoyed All-Ireland success with Kilkenny. Throughout his career Skehan made 42 championship appearances. He retired from inter-county hurling following the conclusion of the 1984-85 league. In retirement from playing Skehan became involved in team management and coaching. After guiding the Kilkenny junior team to All-Ireland he also took charge of the intermediate side. As a selector under Brian Cody he guided the Kilkenny senior team to three All-Ireland titles. Skehan is widely regarded as one of the greatest goalkeepers of all time. During his playing days he won seven All-Star awards as well as being named Texaco Hurler of the Year. He has often been voted onto teams made up of the sport's greats, including as goalkeeper on the Supreme All-Stars team. Skehan was also chosen as one of the 125 greatest hurlers of all-time in a 2009 poll.

text:
# Noel Skehan

**Richard Noel Skehan** (born 6 December 1944) is an Irish former hurler who played as a goalkeeper at senior level for the Kilkenny county team.

Born in Bennettsbridge, County Kilkenny, Skehan first arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of sixteen when he first linked up with the Kilkenny minor team before later joining the under-21 side. He joined the senior panel during the 1963 championship. Skehan spent almost a decade as a substitute before becoming a regular member of the starting fifteen and won nine All-Ireland medals (three of which were as a substitute), fourteen Leinster medals (six as a substitute) and three National Hurling League medals on the field of play. He was an All-Ireland runner-up on five occasions.

As a member of the Leinster inter-provincial team on a number of occasions Skehan won four Railway Cup medals. At club level he is a six-time championship medallist with Bennettsbridge.

His uncle, Dan Kennedy, and his first cousin, Ollie Walsh, also enjoyed All-Ireland success with Kilkenny.

Throughout his career Skehan made 42 championship appearances. He retired from inter-county hurling following the conclusion of the 1984-85 league.

In retirement from playing Skehan became involved in team management and coaching. After guiding the Kilkenny junior team to All-Ireland he also took charge of the intermediate side. As a selector under Brian Cody he guided the Kilkenny senior team to three All-Ireland titles.

Skehan is widely regarded as one of the greatest goalkeepers of all time. During his playing days he won seven All-Star awards as well as being named Texaco Hurler of the Year. He has often been voted onto teams made up of the sport's greats, including as goalkeeper on the Supreme All-Stars team. Skehan was also chosen as one of the 125 greatest hurlers of all-time in a 2009 poll.

## Early life

Noel Skehan was born in Bennettsbridge, County Kilkenny on 6 December 1944. He was born into a family, and into an area, that had a strong association with hurling. His uncle, Dan Kennedy, captained Kilkenny to victory over Cork in the 1947 All-Ireland final, while his mother, May, was a first cousin of the legendary Kilkenny goalkeeper Ollie Walsh. He lived on the famous Woodlawn Estate with many other famous hurlers including Paddy Moran, Séamus Cleere, Liam Cleere, John Kinsella, Pat Lawlor and Liam Simpson. Together these players have over twenty All-Ireland medals. Skehan was educated locally in Bennettsbridge and naturally showed a great skill at the game of hurling in his youth.

## Playing career

### Club

Skehan was just out of the minor grade when he joined the Bennettsbridge senior team. It was a glorious era for the club, with Skehan at right wing-forward when the Bridge faced Glenmore in the championship decider. On a day when five Treacy brothers lined out for Bennettsbridge, the team recorded a 4-9 to 1-4 victory. It was Moran's fourth championship medal. It was Skehan's first championship medal.

Mooncoin ended hopes of retaining the title in 1965, as Skehan suffered his first defeat in a county final. Both sides renewed their rivalry in the 1966 decider, with Skehan moving from the forwards to goalkeeper. A double scores 4-8 to 2-4 victory avenged the previous year's defeat and gave Skehan a second championship medal.

Bennettsbridge continued to dominate club hurling once again in 1967. A 3-10 to 1-4 defeat of Thomastown earned a third championship medal for Skehan.

A period of decline followed after a defeat by Rower-Inistioge in the 1968 decider, however, Bennettsbridge returned to the summit of club hurling once again in 1971. A 3-10 to 1-7 defeat of reigning champions Fenians gave Skehan his fourth and final championship medal.

### Minor

Skehan was sixteen year-old when he was called up to the Kilkenny minor team in 1962. He won a Leinster medal that year following a narrow 5-7 to 5-4 defeat of Wexford in the provincial decider. On 2 September 1962 Kilkenny faced Tipperary in the All-Ireland final. Goals were key in the 3–6 to 0–9 victory with Skehan, who kept a clean sheet, winning an All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship medal.

### Senior

#### Substitute successes

In 1963 Skehan joined the Kilkenny senior hurling panel as understudy to his first cousin and legendary goalkeeper Ollie Walsh. He remained on the bench for provincial decider, however, Skehan did collect a Leinster medal as a non-playing substitute following a 2–10 to 0–9 defeat of Dublin. He remained on the bench for the subsequent All-Ireland decider against Waterford on 1 September 1963. Kilkenny won the game by 4-17 to 6-8, with Skehan collecting an All-Ireland medal as a member of the extended panel.

Skehan collected a second Leinster medal as a non-playing substitute in 1964 as Dublin were defeated on a 4–11 to 1–8 score line, however, the Cats faced a humiliating defeat by Tipperary in the subsequent All-Ireland decider.

After surrendering their provincial crown in 1965, Kilkenny bounced back the following year. Skehan added a third Leinster medal to his collection, once again as an unused substitute, following a 1–15 to 2–6 defeat of Wexford. Kilkenny were subsequently defeated by Cork in the All-Ireland decider.

Kilkenny retained their provincial crown following a 4–10 to 1–12 defeat of Wexford after a scare in the opening half. It was a fourth Leinster medal for Skehan as a non-playing substitute. He was confined to the bench once again for Kilkenny's 3-8 to 2-7 defeat of Tipperary in the All-Ireland decider on 3 September 1967. It was Skehan's second winners' medal. He finished off the year by claiming an Oireachtas medal following a 4-4 to 1-8 defeat of Clare.

Skehan made his senior championship debut on 23 June 1968 in a 3-13 to 4-6 Leinster semi-final defeat of Offaly. A six-month suspension for regular 'keeper Ollie Walsh resulted in Skehan being retained, however, Wexford put an end to Kilkenny's hopes of securing the title in 1968.

The Noresiders bounced back the following year with Skehan, who was back on the substitutes' bench once again, collecting a fifth Leinster medal following a 3–9 to 0–16 defeat of Offaly. On 7 September 1969 Kilkenny took on Cork in the All-Ireland decider, however, Skehan remained off the starting fifteen. Kilkenny ran out winners on a 2–15 to 2–9 scoreline with Skehan collecting a third All-Ireland medal as a non-playing substitute.

After surrendering their provincial and All-Ireland crowns to Wexford the following year, Skehan was still a non-playing substitute as Kilkenny defeated Wexford by 6-16 to 3-16 to take the Leinster title once again. It was his sixth winners' medal. On 5 September 1971 Kilkenny faced Tipperary in the All-Ireland final, the Cats faced a 5–17 to 5–14 defeat.

#### First-choice goalkeeper

Not only did Skehan take over as first-choice goalkeeper with the Kilkenny senior team in 1972 but he was also appointed captain. He won his first Leinster medal on the field of play, his seventh over all, following a 3-16 to 1-14 defeat of Wexford in a replay of the provincial decider. Cork provided the opposition in the All-Ireland final on 3 September 1972, a game which is often considered to be one of the classic games of the modern era. Halfway through the second-half Cork were on form and stretched their lead to eight points. Kilkenny's great scoring threat, Eddie Keher, was deployed closer to goal and finished the game with 2–9. A fifteen-point swing resulted in Kilkenny winning the game by 3–24 to 5–11. Not only did Skehan collect his first All-Ireland medal on the field of play but he also had the honour of lifting the Liam MacCarthy Cup. He finished the year by claiming his first All-Star.

Skehan won his second Leinster medal on the field of play in 1973 following a 4–22 to 3–15 defeat of Wexford. On 2 September 1973 Kilkenny faced Limerick in the All-Ireland decider. The game hung in the balance for the first-half, however, eight minutes after the restart Mossie Dowling got a vital goal for Limerick. Shortly after this Richie Bennis spearheaded a rampant Limerick attack which resulted in a 1–21 to 1–14 victory for Limerick. In spite if this defeat Skehan finished off the year by winning his second All-Star.

Wexford were, once again, narrowly defeated by Kilkenny in the 1974 provincial decider. The remarkable 6–13 to 2–24 victory gave Skehen a third successive Leinster medal on the field of play. In a repeat of the previous year Limerick provided the opposition in the subsequent All-Ireland final on 1 September 1974. The Munster champions stormed to a five-point lead in the first eleven minutes, however, a converted penalty by Eddie Keher, supplemented by further goals from Mick Brennan and Pat Delaney gave Kilkenny a 3–19 to 1–13 victory. It was a second All-Ireland medal on the field of play for Skehan and his fifth winners' medal in all. He later won a third All-Star.

Kilkenny made it five successive provincial titles in-a-row in 1975. The 2–20 to 2–14 defeat of Wexford gave Skehen his fourth successive Leinster medal on the field of play and his tenth winners' medal overall. On 7 September 1975, Skehan lined out in his fourth successive All-Ireland final, with surprise semi-final winners Galway providing the opposition. Playing with the wind in the first half, Galway found themselves ahead by 0–9 to 1–3 at the interval. Eddie Keher's huge tally of 2–7 kept Galway at bay giving Kilkenny a 2–22 to 2–10 victory. As well as collecting a third All-Ireland medal in four seasons Skehan later added a fourth successive All-Star to his collection.

#### Decline and then resurgence

In 1976 Skehan won a first National Hurling League medal following a 6–14 to 1–14 trouncing of Clare in a replay. Kilkenny's championship ambitions unravelled in spectacular fashion in the subsequent provincial campaign, when a 2–20 to 1–6 trouncing by Wexford dumped Skehan's team out of the championship. In spite of this Skehan was later presented with a fifth All-Star.

After two years of defeats Kilkenny's fortunes took an upward turn in 1978. A 2–16 to 1–16 defeat of three-in-a-row hopefuls Wexford gave Skehan a fifth Leinster medal on the field. On 3 September 1978 Kilkenny faced reigning champions Cork in the All-Ireland decider. Cork secured a first three-in-a-row of All-Ireland titles for the first time in over twenty years, as a Jimmy Barry-Murphy goal deceived Skehan and helped the team to a 1–15 to 2–8 victory.

Skehan won a sixth Leinster medal in his own right in 1979 as Wexford were defeated by 2-21 to 2-17. On 2 September 1979 Kilkenny faced Galway in the All-Ireland final. Bad weather and an unofficial train drivers’ strike resulted in the lowest attendance at a final in over twenty years. The bad weather also affected the hurling with Kilkenny scoring two freak goals as Galway ‘keeper Séamus Shinnors had a nightmare of a game. A Liam “Chunky” O’Brien 70-yard free went all the way to the net in the first half, while with just three minutes remaining a 45-yard shot from Mick Brennan was helped by the wind and dipped under the crossbar. Kilkenny won by 2-12 to 1-8 with Skehan winning his fourth All-Ireland medal on the field of play.

#### Twilight successes

After a fallow two-year period, Kilkenny bounced back in 1982 with Skehan winning a second league medal following a 2-14 to 1-11 defeat of Wexford. He later added a seventh Leinster medal to his collection following a 1-11 to 0-12 defeat of three-in-a-row hopefuls and reigning All-Ireland champions Offaly. On 5 September 1982 Kilkenny and Cork renewed their rivalry in the All-Ireland decider. The Cats were rank outsiders on the day, however, a brilliant save by Skehan was followed by two quick goals by Christy Heffernan just before the interval. Éamonn O'Donoghue pegged a goal back for Cork, however, Ger Fennelly added a third for Kilkenny who secured a 3-18 to 1-13 victory. It was a fifth All-Ireland medal for Skehan and a then record-equaling eighth winners' medal in all. A sixth All-Star quickly followed while he was also named Texaco Hurler of the Year.

Skehan won a third league medal in 1983 following a narrow 2-14 to 2-12 defeat of Limerick before later collecting an eighth Leinster medal, his fourteenth over all, as Offaly were accounted for by 1-17 to 0-13. The All-Ireland final on 4 September 1983 was a replay of the previous year with Cork hoping to avenge that defeat. Billy Fitzpatrick was the star with ten points, giving Kilkenny a 2-14 to 1-9 lead with seventeen minutes left, however, they failed to score for the remainder of the game. A stunning comeback by Cork just fell short and Skehan collected a sixth All-Ireland medal following a 2-14 to 2-12 victory. It was a record-breaking ninth winners' medal, including his three won as a non-playing substitute, while he finished off the year by winning a seventh All-Star.

After failing in their bid for a third successive All-Ireland in 1984, Skehan decided to retire from inter-county hurling following the conclusion of the 1984-85 league.

### Inter-provincial

Skehan also lined out with Leinster in the inter-provincial hurling competition and enjoyed much success. He captured his first Railway Cup title in 1973 when Leinster defeated arch-rivals Munster. Skehan made it three in-a-row with further victories over Munster in 1974 and 1975. Four years later in 1979 he captured his fourth and final Railway Cup medal as Connacht fell in the final.

## Coaching career

### Kilkenny junior manager

In 1991 Skehan joined the management team of the Kilkenny junior hurlers as coach-trainer in succession to Ollie Walsh. His firsts season in charge saw Kilkenny claim the Leinster crown following a 3-12 to 2-6 defeat of Wexford.

Two years later in 1993 Skehan's junior charges secured the Leinster title once again following a 1-15 to 0-9 defeat of Wexford. On 18 July 1993 Kilkenny faced Clare in the All-Ireland decider. A 3-10 to 0-8 trouncing was the result on that occasion.

Kilkenny retained their Leinster title in 1994 following a 2-18 to 3-8 defeat of Wexford. On 16 July 1994 Kilkenny faced Cork in the All-Ireland decider. A narrow 2-13 to 2-11 defeat was the result for Skehan's side.

Skehan's side secured a third successive Leinster medal in 1995 as a 2-14 to 4-5 score line secured the victory. On 12 August 1995 Kilkenny faced Clare in the All-Ireland decider. A 1-20 to 1-6 trouncing secured the All-Ireland title.

The four-in-a-row of provincial titles was secured in 1996 following a 1-13 to 1-6 defeat of Wexford once again. On 15 September 1996 Kilkenny had the chance of retaining their All-Ireland crown when they faced Galway in the decider. A 1-14 to 2-9 defeat was the result for Skehan's side.

### Vocational schools

In 1997 Skehan helped train the Kilkenny vocational schools team. After securing the Leinster title following a defeat of Offaly, Skehan's side faced a subsequent All-Ireland semi-final defeat by Cork.

### Kilkenny senior selector

Skehan has also served as a selector with the Kilkenny senior hurlers under Brian Cody. During his tenure as a selector in the early 2000s (decade) Kilkenny captured back-to-back All-Ireland titles in 2002 and 2003. Those two years also saw Skehan guide the Leinster provincial team to back-to-back Railway Cup titles.

## Post-playing career

In retirement from playing Skehan, as well as maintaining a keen interest in the game, has also come to be regarded as one of the greatest goalkeepers of all-time. In 1997 he took charge of the Kilkenny intermediate hurling team for the newly revived All-Ireland series of games. He guided his county to the championship decider in 1998, however, Kilkenny were defeated by Limerick on that occasion. Following Kevin Fennelly's departure as manager of the Kilkenny senior team at the end of 1998, Skehan was one of the names mentioned as a possible successor. The job eventually went to his former team-mate Brian Cody.

Skehan was one of Kilkenny's best prospects for the goalkeeping position on the Team of the Millennium, however, he faced still opposition from such legends as his fellow county man Ollie Walsh, Cork's Ger Cunningham and Wexford's Art Foley. In the end the honour went to Tipperary's three in-a-row winning 'keeper Tony Reddin. He was also beaten into second place for the 'keeper position on the Kilkenny Hurling Team of the Century. In spite of this Skehan is unique among exponents of Gaelic games. Only Henry Shefflin, with 10 All-Ireland medals won on the field of play between 1999 and 2014, has surpassed the astonishing record of nine All-Ireland medals won by Skehan from 1963 to 1983. With three of those medals won as a substitute, his record is surpassed by the eight All-Ireland's won by both Christy Ring and John Doyle, which were all won on the field of play.

On 7 February 2008 Skehan was profiled on the TG4 television programme *Laochra Gael*.

## Honours

### Player

Bennettsbridge Kilkenny Leinster

### Coach

Kilkenny

### Individual

Honours * The 125 greatest stars of the GAA: No. 16
* Supreme All-Stars Team: Goalkeeper
* Texaco Hurler of the Year (1): 1982
* All-Star (7): 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1982, 1983
* GAA Hall of Fame Inductee: 2013
* In May 2020, the *Irish Independent* named Skehan at number fifteen in its "Top 20 hurlers in Ireland over the past 50 years". He was the only goalkeeper included.

## InfoBox

Noel Skehan
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Irish name | *Nollaig Ó Sceacháin* | | |
| Sport | Hurling | | |
| Position | Goalkeeper | | |
| Born | (1944-12-06) 6 December 1944<br>Bennettsbridge, County Kilkenny, Ireland | | |
| Height | 5 ft 7 in (1.70 m) | | |
| Occupation | Brewery supervisor | | |
| Club(s) | | | |
| Years | **Club** | | |
|  | Bennettsbridge | | |
| Club titles | | | |
| Kilkenny titles | 4 | | |
| Inter-county(ies)\* | | | |
| Years | **County** | **Apps (scores)** |
| 1968–1985 | Kilkenny | 42 (0–00) |
| Inter-county titles | | | |
| Leinster titles | 14 | | |
| All-Irelands | 9 | | |
| NHL | 3 | | |
| All Stars | 7 | | |
| \*Inter County team apps and scores correct as of 14:13, 27 February 2022. | | | |


title: Noguera (comarca)

abstract: Noguera is a comarca (county) in Ponent, Catalonia, Spain. It is the largest comarca and its area represents some 5,56% of Catalonia. Noguera is part of the historical county of Urgell and its capital is Balaguer.

text:
# Noguera (comarca)

**Noguera** (Western Catalan: \[noˈɣeɾa\]) is a comarca (county) in Ponent, Catalonia, Spain. It is the largest comarca and its area represents some 5,56% of Catalonia. Noguera is part of the historical county of Urgell and its capital is Balaguer.

## Municipalities

| Municipality | Population
(2014) | Area
km2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Àger | 594 | 160.6 |
| Albesa | 1,608 | 37.6 |
| Algerri | 423 | 54.3 |
| Alòs de Balaguer | 126 | 69.1 |
| Artesa de Segre | 3,656 | 175.9 |
| Les Avellanes i Santa Linya | 479 | 103.0 |
| Balaguer | 16,485 | 57.3 |
| La Baronia de Rialb | 235 | 145.1 |
| Bellcaire d'Urgell | 1,305 | 31.4 |
| Bellmunt d'Urgell | 192 | 5.1 |
| Cabanabona | 88 | 14.2 |
| Camarasa | 911 | 157.1 |
| Castelló de Farfanya | 565 | 52.6 |
| Cubells | 395 | 39.2 |
| Foradada | 182 | 28.6 |
| Ivars de Noguera | 350 | 27.1 |
| Menàrguens | 887 | 20.2 |
| Montgai | 671 | 28.9 |
| Oliola | 235 | 86.3 |
| Os de Balaguer | 1,008 | 136.0 |
| Penelles | 504 | 25.5 |
| Ponts | 2,701 | 30.5 |
| Preixens | 450 | 28.7 |
| La Sentiu de Sió | 467 | 29.6 |
| Térmens | 1,536 | 27.5 |
| Tiurana | 76 | 15.9 |
| Torrelameu | 709 | 10.9 |
| Vallfogona de Balaguer | 1,888 | 27.0 |
| Vilanova de l'Aguda | 228 | 53.7 |
| Vilanova de Meià | 422 | 105.2 |
| • Total: 30 | 39,376 | 1,784.1 |

41°54′12″N 0°56′00″E / 41.90333°N 0.93333°E / 41.90333; 0.93333

## InfoBox

| Noguera | |
| --- | --- |
| Comarca | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Catalonia |
| Region | Ponent |
| Province | Lleida |
| Capital | Balaguer |
| Municipalities | List |
| Government | |
| Body | Noguera Comarcal Council |
| President | Miquel Plensa (ERC) |
| Area | |
| Total | 1,784.1 km2 (688.8 sq mi) |
| Population (2014) | |
| Total | 39,376 |
| Density | 22/km2 (57/sq mi) |
| Demonym |  |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Largest municipality | Balaguer |


title: United States Under Secretary of War

abstract: The Under Secretary of War was a position created by an act of 16 December 1940. At the same time, section 5a of the National Defense Act (1920) was amended to allow the United States Secretary of War to assign his responsibilities for procurement to any of his subordinates. The statute formerly assigned these responsibilities to the United States Assistant Secretary of War. The Assistant Secretary of War, Robert P. Patterson was nominated and confirmed in the post. The Secretary of War delegated his responsibilities for procurement to the Under Secretary on 28 April 1941. By November 1941 the Office of the Under Secretary of War (OUSW) employed 1,136 people, of whom 257 were military officers and the remainder civilians.

text:
# United States Under Secretary of War

The **Under Secretary of War** was a position created by an act of 16 December 1940 (54 Stat. 1224). At the same time, section 5a of the National Defense Act (1920) was amended to allow the United States Secretary of War to assign his responsibilities for procurement to any of his subordinates. The statute formerly assigned these responsibilities to the United States Assistant Secretary of War. The Assistant Secretary of War, Robert P. Patterson was nominated and confirmed in the post. The Secretary of War delegated his responsibilities for procurement to the Under Secretary on 28 April 1941. By November 1941 the Office of the Under Secretary of War (OUSW) employed 1,136 people, of whom 257 were military officers and the remainder civilians.

## List of Under Secretaries of War

The position of the Under Secretary of War was held by the following:

| # | Picture | Name | State of Residence | Began Service | Ended Service | Reference |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 |  | Robert P. Patterson | New York | 16 December 1940 | 26 September 1945 |  |
| 2 |  | Kenneth C. Royall | North Carolina | 9 November 1945 | 23 July 1947 |  |
| 3 |  | William Henry Draper Jr. | New York | 29 August 1947 | 17 September 1947 |  |
|

## InfoBox

| United States Under Secretary of War of War | |
| --- | --- |
| First holder | Robert P. Patterson |
| Final holder | William Henry Draper Jr. |