title: Problem picture

abstract: A problem picture is a genre of art popular in late Victorian painting, characterised by the deliberately ambiguous depiction of a key moment in a narrative that can be interpreted in several different ways, or which portrays an unresolved dilemma. It has some relation to the problem play. The viewer of the picture is invited to speculate about several different possible explanations of the scene. The genre has much in common with that of book illustration, then at its most popular, but with the text belonging to the illustration omitted. The genre began to emerge in the second half of the nineteenth century, along with the development of book illustrations that depicted "pregnant" moments in a narrative. One of the earliest problem pictures is John Everett Millais' Trust Me, which depicts an older man demanding that a young woman hand him a letter she has received. Either character might be uttering the words. The significance and content of the letter is left to the imagination. Their relationship is also unclear; in view of their ages, they might be a married couple, or a father and daughter. Other artists who worked in the genre included William Frederick Yeames, whose "And when did you last see your father?" became the most famous example of the genre. It depicts a young boy of the English Civil War period being gently interrogated by Cromwellian troops who are looking for his Royalist father. It is implied that they are asking a trick question designed to discover his location. The painting is poised at the moment the child is about to answer. Yeames painted many other works of this type, including Amy Robsart and Defendant and Counsel. When the latter was exhibited a newspaper ran a competition for readers to guess what crime the woman was accused of. Some avant garde artists also experimented with the genre, notably Edgar Degas and his follower Walter Sickert. Degas's Interior (1869) depicts an ambiguous scene suggestive of sexual transgression and violence. Similar ambiguity is found in Sickert's The Camden Town Murder (1908), in which the two figures can be interpreted as a couple, or a killer and his victim. The genre continued to be popular into the early twentieth century, but was by this time increasingly seen as old fashioned and as over-literary, against the emphasis on pictorial style and form characteristic of Impressionism and Post-Impressionism.

text:
# Problem picture

A **problem picture** is a genre of art popular in late Victorian painting, characterised by the deliberately ambiguous depiction of a key moment in a narrative that can be interpreted in several different ways, or which portrays an unresolved dilemma. It has some relation to the problem play. The viewer of the picture is invited to speculate about several different possible explanations of the scene. The genre has much in common with that of book illustration, then at its most popular, but with the text belonging to the illustration omitted.

The genre began to emerge in the second half of the nineteenth century, along with the development of book illustrations that depicted "pregnant" moments in a narrative. One of the earliest problem pictures is John Everett Millais' *Trust Me*, which depicts an older man demanding that a young woman hand him a letter she has received. Either character might be uttering the words. The significance and content of the letter is left to the imagination. Their relationship is also unclear; in view of their ages, they might be a married couple, or a father and daughter.

Other artists who worked in the genre included William Frederick Yeames, whose *"And when did you last see your father?"* became the most famous example of the genre. It depicts a young boy of the English Civil War period being gently interrogated by Cromwellian troops who are looking for his Royalist father. It is implied that they are asking a trick question designed to discover his location. The painting is poised at the moment the child is about to answer. Yeames painted many other works of this type, including *Amy Robsart* and *Defendant and Counsel*. When the latter was exhibited a newspaper ran a competition for readers to guess what crime the woman was accused of.

Some avant garde artists also experimented with the genre, notably Edgar Degas and his follower Walter Sickert. Degas's *Interior* (1869) depicts an ambiguous scene suggestive of sexual transgression and violence (hence the alternative title of "the Rape"). Similar ambiguity is found in Sickert's *The Camden Town Murder* (1908), in which the two figures can be interpreted as a couple, or a killer and his victim.

The genre continued to be popular into the early twentieth century, but was by this time increasingly seen as old fashioned and as over-literary, against the emphasis on pictorial style and form characteristic of Impressionism and Post-Impressionism.

1. See David Skilton,“The Centrality of Literary Illustration in Victorian Visual Culture: the example of Millais and Trollope from 1860 to 1864.” Journal of Illustration Studies (December 2007). 14 May 2014. \<http://jois.uia.no/articles.php?article=30\>
2. Obituary of Yeames Archived 2006-08-22 at the Wayback Machine

## Reading

Pamela Fletcher, *Narrating Modernity: The British Problem Picture, 1895-1914* (Ashgate, 2003).


title: Néstor Guzmán Villarroel

abstract: Néstor Guzman Villarroel is a Bolivian politician and trade unionist.

text:
# Néstor Guzmán Villarroel

**Néstor Guzman Villarroel** (born February 26, 1964, in Chaguarmayu) is a Bolivian politician and trade unionist.

## Biography

A tailor and farmer by profession, he became the press and propaganda secretary of the trade union in Chaguarmayu in 1984, then becoming the relations secretary of the Chaguarmayu trade union the following year.

Between 1986 and 1988, he was the general secretary of the Panamá trade union sub-centre, then becoming the general secretary of the Aiquile-Campero Provincial Trade Union Centre.

Between 1995 and 1997, he was secretary of tracts of the Federación Unica de Trabajadores Campesinos de Cochabamba (FUTCCBA).

In 1997, he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies, as the United Left (IU) candidate in the single-member constituency No. 29 (which covers areas of the Campero and Arani provinces). Roberto Céspedes Franco was his alternate.

In the 2005 parliamentary election, Guzmán Villarroel topped the Indigenous Pachakuti Movement (MIP) list for the proportional representation vote in Cochabamba.


title: Pterelaus

abstract:
The name Pterelaus is attributed to two related individuals in Greek mythology:
  - Pterelaus, son of King Lelex of Megara
  - Pterelaus, son of Taphius.

text:
# Pterelaus

The name **Pterelaus** (/ˌtɛrəˈləs/; Ancient Greek: Πτερέλαος) is attributed to two related individuals in Greek mythology:

* Apollodorus, *The Library* with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
* Pausanias, *Description of Greece* with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. ISBN 0-674-99328-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library
* Pausanias, *Graeciae Descriptio.* *3 vols*. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.


title: Paynedale, Western Australia

abstract: Paynedale is a rural locality of the Shire of Donnybrook–Balingup in the South West region of Western Australia. The Capel River flows through the far southern part of the locality, which is agricultural, while the remainder of Paynedale is mostly covered by forest of the Boyanup State Forest. Paynedale and the Shire of Donnybrook–Balingup are located on the traditional land of the Wardandi people of the Noongar nation.

text:
# Paynedale, Western Australia

**Paynedale** is a rural locality of the Shire of Donnybrook–Balingup in the South West region of Western Australia. The Capel River flows through the far southern part of the locality, which is agricultural, while the remainder of Paynedale is mostly covered by forest of the Boyanup State Forest.

Paynedale and the Shire of Donnybrook–Balingup are located on the traditional land of the Wardandi people of the Noongar nation.

## InfoBox

| Paynedale
Western Australia | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Coordinates | 33°36′S 115°46′E / 33.60°S 115.76°E / -33.60; 115.76 |
| Population | 60 (SAL 2021) |
| Postcode(s) | 6239 |
| Area | 76.5 km2 (29.5 sq mi) |
| Location |  |
| LGA(s) | Shire of Donnybrook–Balingup |
| State electorate(s) | Collie-Preston |
| Federal division(s) | Forrest |
| **Localities around Paynedale:**  Gwindinup Argyle Donnybrook  The Plains Paynedale Upper Capel  Capel River Upper Capel Upper Capel | |


title: Vémyslice

abstract: Vémyslice is a market town in Znojmo District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.

text:
# Vémyslice

**Vémyslice** is a market town in Znojmo District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.

## Etymology

The initial name of the settlement was Vojemyslice and was derived from the personal name Vojemysl. The current form of the name was created by gradual distortion. The current name has been officially used since 1925.

## Geography

Vémyslice is located about 23 kilometres (14 mi) northeast of Znojmo and 30 km (19 mi) southwest of Brno. It lies mostly in the Jevišovice Uplands, only the northeastern part of the municipal territory extends into the Boskovice Furrow. The highest point is the hill Tanárka at 391 m (1,283 ft) above sea level. The market town is situated on the right bank of the Rokytná River.

## History

The first written mention of Vémyslice is from 1234. The village was divided into two parts. The larger part was owned by the Porta coeli Convent in Tišnov and the smaller part had various owners. In 1556, Vémyslice was promoted to a market town by Emperor Ferdinand I. In 1673, most of the market town burned down.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year Pop. ±%  1869 657       1880 773 +17.7%  1890 838 +8.4%  1900 780 −6.9%  1910 838 +7.4% | Year Pop. ±%  1921 934 +11.5%  1930 982 +5.1%  1950 903 −8.0%  1961 928 +2.8%  1970 839 −9.6% | Year Pop. ±%  1980 772 −8.0%  1991 742 −3.9%  2001 700 −5.7%  2011 665 −5.0%  2021 672 +1.1% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## Transport

There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality.

## Sights

The main landmark of Vémyslice is the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary. It was originally a Romanesque church, rebuilt in the Baroque style at the beginning of the 18th century.

## InfoBox

| Vémyslice | |
| --- | --- |
| Market town | |
| Centre of Vémyslice | |
|  | |
| VémysliceLocation in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 49°1′19″N 16°15′24″E / 49.02194°N 16.25667°E / 49.02194; 16.25667 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | South Moravian |
| District | Znojmo |
| First mentioned | 1234 |
| Area | |
| Total | 12.33 km2 (4.76 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 255 m (837 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01) | |
| Total | 693 |
| Density | 56/km2 (150/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 671 42 |
| Website | www.mestysvemyslice.cz |


title: Giovanni Vincenzo Casali

abstract: Giovanni Vincenzo Casali, o Casale was an Italian sculptor, architect, and Servite friar.

text:
# Giovanni Vincenzo Casali

**Giovanni Vincenzo Casali**, o **Casale** (1539 – 21 December 1593) was an Italian sculptor, architect, and Servite friar.

## Biography

He was born in Florence, and in 1566 joined the Servite order, associated with the convent of the Annunziata. He trained as a sculptor under fellow cleric Giovanni Angelo Montorsoli. In Florence he helped design the celebration machines for the wedding of Giovanna d'Austria with Francesco I of Medici. He participated in the completion of two sculptures for the Chapel of San Luca in the Annunziata, including that of *Solomon* (along with Giambologna) and *John the Evangelist* (along with Valerio Cioli. He moved to Rome to help restore some of the sculptural antiquities housed in the Villa Medici. He then was recruited to Naples by the Duke of Osuna to complete some architectural works, including work for the Servite convent associated with the church of Santa Maria ad Ogni Bene dei Sette Dolori. From there he obtained a commission to work in Portugal as an architect for King Philip II of Spain and rebuild some fortresses. He died in Coimbra, Portugal.


title: Neoregelia dungsiana

abstract: Neoregelia dungsiana is a species of flowering plant in the genus Neoregelia. This species is endemic to Brazil.

text:
# Neoregelia dungsiana

***Neoregelia dungsiana*** is a species of flowering plant in the genus *Neoregelia*. This species is endemic to Brazil.

## Cultivars

* *Neoregelia* 'Vinzant'

* Martinelli, Gustavo; Vieira, Cláudia Magalhães; Gonzalez, Marcos; Leitman, Paula; Piratininga, Andréa; Costa, Andrea Ferreira da; Forzza, Rafaela Campostrini (January 2008). "Bromeliaceae da Mata Atlântica Brasileira: lista de espécies, distribuição e conservação" \[Bromeliaceae of the brazilian Atlantic Forest: checklist, distribution and conservation\]. *Rodriguésia* (in Brazilian Portuguese). **59** (1): 209–258. doi:10.1590/2175-7860200859114. JSTOR 23499386.
* BSI Cultivar Registry Retrieved 11 October 2009

## InfoBox

| *Neoregelia dungsiana* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Bromeliaceae |
| Genus: | *Neoregelia* |
| Subgenus: | *Neoregelia subg. Neoregelia* |
| Species: | ***N. dungsiana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Neoregelia dungsiana***<br>E.Pereira | |
|


title: Ptaszkowo, Greater Poland Voivodeship

abstract: Ptaszkowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grodzisk Wielkopolski, within Grodzisk Wielkopolski County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Grodzisk Wielkopolski and 39 km (24 mi) south-west of the regional capital Poznań.

text:
# Ptaszkowo, Greater Poland Voivodeship

**Ptaszkowo** \[ptaʂˈkɔvɔ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grodzisk Wielkopolski, within Grodzisk Wielkopolski County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Grodzisk Wielkopolski and 39 km (24 mi) south-west of the regional capital Poznań.

## InfoBox

| Ptaszkowo | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Ptaszkowo | |
| Coordinates: 52°13′N 16°26′E / 52.217°N 16.433°E / 52.217; 16.433 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Grodzisk Wielkopolski |
| Gmina | Grodzisk Wielkopolski |
| Population | 822 |


title: Gerhard Kleppinger

abstract: Gerhard Kleppinger is a German football manager and former player.

text:
# Gerhard Kleppinger

**Gerhard Kleppinger** (born 1 March 1958) is a German football manager and former player.

## InfoBox

Gerhard Kleppinger
| Kleppinger with Schalke 04 in 1986 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Date of birth | (1958-03-01) 1 March 1958 | | |
| Place of birth | Ober-Ramstadt, West Germany | | |
| Height | 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 0000–1975 | SKG Ober-Ramstadt | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1975 | SKG Ober-Ramstadt |  |  |
| 1975–1980 | Darmstadt 98 | 94 | (5) |
| 1980–1982 | Hannover 96 | 79 | (16) |
| 1982–1984 | Karlsruher SC | 69 | (7) |
| 1984–1987 | Schalke 04 | 97 | (12) |
| 1987–1988 | Borussia Dortmund | 33 | (1) |
| 1988–1991 | Bayer Uerdingen | 92 | (5) |
| 1991–1996 | Darmstadt 98 | 77 | (4) |
| International career | | | |
| 1986 | West Germany U-21 | 1 | (0) |
| 1988 | West Germany Olympic | 8 | (1) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 1994–1996 | Darmstadt 98 | | |
| 1996–1997 | SC Viktoria 06 Griesheim | | |
| 1997–1999 | FC St. Pauli | | |
| 1999–2000 | FC Gütersloh | | |
| 2000–2001 | Rot-Weiß Oberhausen | | |
| 2002–2005 | Schalke 04 II | | |
| 2005 | FSV Frankfurt | | |
| 2006–2009 | Darmstadt 98 | | |
| 2021 | SV Sandhausen | | |
| 2023 | SV Sandhausen (interim) | | |
| 2024 | SV Sandhausen (interim) | | |
| Medal record      Representing  West Germany  Men's football  Olympic Games  1988 Seoul Team | | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Invasion U.S.A. (1985 film)

abstract: Invasion U.S.A. is a 1985 American action film produced by Cannon Films, and starring Chuck Norris. It was directed by Joseph Zito. It involves the star fighting off a force of Soviet/Cuban-led guerrillas. Both Chuck Norris and his brother, Aaron, were involved in the writing. It was made in the greater Atlanta area of Georgia, and Fort Pierce, Florida. Miami landmarks such as Dadeland Mall and Miracle Mile can also be seen in the film. The 1986 film Avenging Force was originally intended as a sequel until Chuck Norris turned it down. It was instead made as a standalone film starring Michael Dudikoff, sharing only the protagonist's name.

text:
# Invasion U.S.A. (1985 film)

***Invasion U.S.A.*** is a 1985 American action film produced by Cannon Films, and starring Chuck Norris. It was directed by Joseph Zito. It involves the star fighting off a force of Soviet/Cuban-led guerrillas.

Both Chuck Norris and his brother, Aaron, were involved in the writing. It was made in the greater Atlanta area of Georgia, and Fort Pierce, Florida. Miami landmarks such as Dadeland Mall and Miracle Mile can also be seen in the film. The 1986 film *Avenging Force* was originally intended as a sequel until Chuck Norris turned it down. It was instead made as a standalone film starring Michael Dudikoff, sharing only the protagonist's name.

## Plot

A group of Cuban refugees is on a boat sailing for the United States and is at first met by what appears to be a US Coast Guard boat with armed personnel. The captain of the vessel declares that the refugees are welcomed to the United States, but the Guardsmen open fire on them and take several bags of cocaine hidden in the boat. It is revealed that the armed personnel were Latin American guerrillas disguised as Guardsmen on board a hijacked Coast Guard vessel.

Eventually, the real Coast Guard finds the boat with the murdered American Coast Guardsmen off the coast of Florida. The FBI and the Miami Police Department arrive at the docks to investigate the murders. The guerrillas land in Florida and exchange the drugs for weaponry from a drug dealer. They are led by the Soviet operative Mikal Rostov (Richard Lynch), the fake Coast Guard captain who opened fire on the Cuban refugees. Former CIA agent Matt Hunter (Norris) is asked to come out of retirement, but he declines. When Rostov and a team of guerrillas destroy Hunter's residence in the Everglades and kill his friend, John Eagle (Dehl Berti) in a failed assassination attempt, Hunter is convinced to reconsider.

Later that day, hundreds of additional guerrillas land on the beaches of Southern Florida and move inland using several pre-positioned trucks. The guerrillas begin their assault by destroying suburban homes. Another group of guerrillas impersonating Miami police officers attacks a community center full of Cuban expatriates in Miami. When a squad car with genuine Miami policemen drives by to investigate the gunfire, the survivors angrily start vandalizing their car and leave the police perplexed. The FBI has no idea who is behind the attacks, but Hunter and the CIA believe that Rostov is behind the attacks. As terrorist acts continue in Miami, race riots and general chaos develop within the city, just as the terrorists planned.

Later that night, the guerrillas start a shootout and bomb threat at a mall at which people are doing their Christmas shopping. During the attack, Hunter, having shaken down an informant, comes into the mall and takes down the guerrillas one by one. US National Guard troops are called up, martial law is declared in the city, and armed civilians organize to protect their communities from further guerrilla attacks. Hunter continues pursuing the terrorists and thwarts their plans to bomb a church. One community evacuates their children by school bus to safer rural areas, unknowingly containing a bomb planted by Nikko Kador, Rostov's right-hand man. Hunter grabs the bomb from the moving bus, then throws it at the vehicle of Nikko, who had been shadowing this, eliminating him. However, after arriving at a carnival bombed by the terrorists, Hunter realizes that they are spread out too far for him to stem the tide of their attacks effectively and so devises an alternative plan.

Alarmed by the threat, the government establishes a special theater command for the Southeastern United States with the headquarters at the Georgia-Pacific Tower in Atlanta. At the command center, all 50 state governors and military officials meet to stop the terror attacks. The FBI takes Hunter into custody for vigilantism against the terrorists, and he is taken to the command center, where he goads Rostov on national television to come out and kill him. Rostov orders all the guerrillas to assault the center in a mass attack, but they find no one inside. Hunter's arrest was a trap, and the National Guard arrives with tanks and troops, which hems the assailants in. While the battle rages outside, Hunter finally comes face-to-face with Rostov and kills him with an M72 LAW. The terror crisis ends when the few remaining guerrillas on the street surrender to the National Guard.

## Cast

## Production

The film was the first in a six-film contract Chuck Norris signed with Cannon Films following the success of the *Missing in Action* films.

Norris said he got the idea to make the film after reading an article in *Reader's Digest* that said hundreds of terrorists were running loose in the United States. "I thought, 'Boy, that's scary,'" he said. "'What if some guy on the order of a Khomeini or a Khadafi mobilized those guys and started sending them out to every major city?'... I know it's going to happen, and even in the movie, the head terrorist says, 'It's so easy because of the freedom of movement in this country.' So we're really accessible to this. The movie is not meant to scare people, but to make us aware of a potential problem."

"We're trying to make a statement here", he added. "This is about the people of the United States."

The film was given a $12 million budget, twice what Norris films had normally gotten before. There was a sequence in the everglades costing $2 million. Norris' fee was almost $2 million. Shooting took ten weeks.

Norris says he wanted the role of the female journalist to be played by Whoopi Goldberg who had been an extra in *A Force of One*. Goldberg was enthusiastic. However, the director, Joseph Zito, overruled Norris. "Needless to say I have never used that director again", wrote Norris later.

According to the 2014 documentary *Electric Boogaloo: The Wild, Untold Story of Cannon Films*, the scene in which terrorists destroy homes in a suburb with rocket launchers featured explosions in actual houses. Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport was going to bulldoze an entire suburban neighborhood to extend a runway, so the filmmakers were allowed to destroy the existing homes. Similarly, part of Avondale Mall was being rebuilt, so the filmmakers were allowed to destroy everything in the actual mall.

Norris said this sequence cost $5 million. "There are tanks firing, and helicopters flying among the real buildings", he said. "It's a battle like in Gone with the Wind, one of the best action battle scenes that's ever been done so far."

## Reception

### Box office

The film debuted at number one at the box office with $6.9 million.

### Critical response

Roger Ebert gave the film 0.5 stars out of 4 and called it "a brain-damaged, idiotic thriller, not even bad enough to be laughable." Vincent Canby of *The New York Times* called the film "a 'Wake Up, America!' movie of a goofiness to make one long for the sanity and conviction of John Milius's *Red Dawn,*" adding that though Chuck Norris "seemed on the verge of becoming a kind of benign Clint Eastwood character, he loses all credibility in this awful film. Even though Mr. Norris collaborated on the screenplay and helped to choose the director (Joseph Zito), the movie treats him as if it wanted to prove that he has absolutely no future on the screen." *Variety* wrote, "A brainless plot would be almost forgivable were it not for the perverse depiction of innocents butchered in *Invasion U.S.A.* Star Chuck Norris, who co-wrote the script and has recently chiseled a popular niche with his 'Missing in Action' and 'Code of Silence' pictures, hits his nadir with this vicious-minded commodity from the Cannon Group. The 'Rambo' audience will blink at this one. Yes, it will make some money." Gene Siskel of the *Chicago Tribune* gave the film 1 star out of 4 and wrote that it "has a terrific premise but no script." Michael Wilmington of the *Los Angeles Times* called it "a brutal, one-note, sadistic affair (though it has, to its credit, non-stop action, a good score and a chilling performance by Lynch)." Paul Attanasio of *The Washington Post* wrote, "'Invasion USA' might actually be fun in a campy way if it weren't so dourly exploitative", and called Norris "an actor whose most evocative facial expression is his beard."

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 18% based on 22 reviews. On Metacritic the film has a weighted average score of 29 out of 100, based on 8 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Like many Cannon films, it developed a cult following.

### Legacy

Norris later said some sequences were "a little . . . too much. You see, when you're making a movie, it takes over five months. Not until you bring it down to an hour and an half do you see just what you've done. It was . . . too much, unfortunately."

## Other media

Invasion U.S.A.
| Cover of the novelization. | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Jason Frost |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Action, Novelization |
| Publisher | Pinnacle Books |
| Publication date | October 1985 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Paperback |
| Pages | 214 pp |
| ISBN | 0-523-42669-0 |
| OCLC | 12863653 |

### Novel

A novelization was released in October 1985 by Pinnacle Books.

### LP record

Jay Chattaway's score was released by Varèse Sarabande on LP in 1985. It was later re-released, remastered with many minutes of new material, on CD in 2008 from Intrada Records. This was a limited edition of 1,000 copies.

## InfoBox

| Invasion U.S.A. | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Joseph Zito |
| Screenplay by | James Bruner
Chuck Norris |
| Story by | Aaron Norris
James Bruner |
| Produced by | Menahem Golan
Yoram Globus |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | João Fernandes |
| Edited by | Daniel Loewenthal
Scott Vickrey |
| Music by | Jay Chattaway |
| Distributed by | Cannon Releasing Corporation |
| Release date | * September 27, 1985 (1985-09-27) |
| Running time | 107 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $12 million |
| Box office | $17.5 million (US) |


title: Nyacheki

abstract: Nyacheki is a town in the Gucha District in western Kenya. Villages surrounding this town include Nyabiosi, Bendera, Naikuru, Tukiyamwana, and Mochengo. Nyacheki is located along Keroka Nyangusu road and is a 45 minutes drive from Maasai Mara. It is 10 minutes away from Kiamokama tea factory. The area around Nyacheki is primarily agricultural. The main cash crop is tea, complemented by other subsistence farming crops such as maize, beans, and varieties of vegetables and fruits. Nyacheki has sufficient access to electricity and water, making conditions conducive to business. Space in downtown Nyacheki is used for both commercial and residential development. Businesses include supermarkets, banks, and other businesses. Wednesdays and Sundays are market days that bring in both sellers and buyers to the market for the trading of goods. There is one tarmac road that connects Keroka and Kilgoris and there are dirt roads that lead to Nyabiosi, Mochengo, Itibo and Kiamokama. The town borders the highlands of the Maasai Mara, a large game reserve in Narok County, Kenya.

text:
# Nyacheki

**Nyacheki** is a town in the Gucha District in western Kenya. Villages surrounding this town include Nyabiosi, Bendera, Naikuru, Tukiyamwana, and Mochengo. Nyacheki is located along Keroka Nyangusu road and is a 45 minutes drive from Maasai Mara. It is 10 minutes away from Kiamokama tea factory.

The area around Nyacheki is primarily agricultural. The main cash crop is tea, complemented by other subsistence farming crops such as maize, beans, and varieties of vegetables and fruits. Nyacheki has sufficient access to electricity and water, making conditions conducive to business. Space in downtown Nyacheki is used for both commercial and residential development. Businesses include supermarkets, banks, and other businesses. Wednesdays and Sundays are market days that bring in both sellers and buyers to the market for the trading of goods. There is one tarmac road that connects Keroka and Kilgoris and there are dirt roads that lead to Nyabiosi, Mochengo, Itibo and Kiamokama.

The town borders the highlands of the Maasai Mara, a large game reserve in Narok County, Kenya.

## Education

There are several schools in the area, such as Nyacheki primary, Naikuru primary, Chitago primary, Ebiosi primary, Isena primary, Goroba Primary, Rionsoti Primary, Keera Primary, Simiti primary, Mochengo Primary, and Nyamuya Primary. The area has also several secondary schools like Mochengo, Chitago, Ebiosi Isena girls, Isena mixed, and Naikuru Nyacheki secondary schools. and Isena High School.

## Religion

The major religious groups in Nyacheki are Seventh-day Adventists, Pentecostal Christians, Lutherans and Catholics.

## People

Nyacheki is hometown to leaders such as the late senior chief Bogomba Bisera,the late Gilbert Onsare Aenda and the late councilor Dickson Ogenche. Both helped make the town an administration division headquarter center.


title: Westerwijzend

abstract: Westerwijzend is a hamlet in the municipality of Drechterland, in the Dutch province of North-Holland. Westerwijzend lays just to the west of where the Wijzend canal used to bend southwards from Binnenwijzend. To the east of the former Wijzend is Oosterwijzend. Nowadays, Oosterwijzend and Westerwijzend are being separated by a paved road beginning in Hoogkarspel. Westerwijzend is the bigger hamlet of the two, and is formally considered a part of Hoogkarspel. The occupation of the southern part of the hamlet is mostly agricultural. The northern part is untilled, and borders the Zaandam-Enkhuizen railway.

text:
# Westerwijzend

**Westerwijzend** is a hamlet in the municipality of Drechterland, in the Dutch province of North-Holland.

Westerwijzend lays just to the west of where the Wijzend canal used to bend southwards from Binnenwijzend. To the east of the former Wijzend is Oosterwijzend. Nowadays, Oosterwijzend and Westerwijzend are being separated by a paved road beginning in Hoogkarspel. Westerwijzend is the bigger hamlet of the two, and is formally considered a part of Hoogkarspel.

The occupation of the southern part of the hamlet is mostly agricultural. The northern part is untilled, and borders the Zaandam-Enkhuizen railway.

## InfoBox

| Westerwijzend | |
| --- | --- |
| Coordinates: 52°41′18″N 5°10′42″E / 52.68833°N 5.17833°E / 52.68833; 5.17833 | |
| Country | Netherlands |
| Province | North Holland |
| Municipality | Drechterland |


title: Psilogramma wernerbacki

abstract: Psilogramma wernerbacki is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from the Solomon Islands.

text:
# Psilogramma wernerbacki

***Psilogramma wernerbacki*** is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from the Solomon Islands.

## InfoBox

| *Psilogramma wernerbacki* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Sphingidae |
| Genus: | *Psilogramma* |
| Species: | ***P. wernerbacki*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Psilogramma wernerbacki***<br>Eitschberger, 2010 | |
|


title: Payneham Cemetery

abstract: Payneham Cemetery, located on Marian Road, Payneham South, South Australia was established by the Argent Street Primitive Methodist church with the first burial occurring in 1864.

text:
# Payneham Cemetery

**Payneham Cemetery**, located on Marian Road, Payneham South, South Australia was established by the Argent Street Primitive Methodist church with the first burial occurring in 1864.

## History

The land (Allotment 107 of Section 285) was purchased by the Argent Street Church Trustees from Henry Ellis in 1846. A Primitive Methodist church was opened in 1859 and burials commenced in the cemetery in 1864.

There has been significant grave reuse, to the extent that the cemetery was considered not eligible for State heritage protection in 1990, on 26 October 2006 the 1864 cemetery reserve, all headstones and monuments was added to the local register.

## Interments

## InfoBox

| Payneham Cemetery | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Details | |
| Established | 1864 |
| Location | Marian Road, Payneham South, South Australia |
| Country | Australia |
| Coordinates | 34°54′08″S 138°38′38″E / 34.9022379°S 138.6440022°E / -34.9022379; 138.6440022 |
| Owned by | Payneham And Dudley Park Cemeteries Trust Inc |
| No. of interments | \>10,000 |
| Find a Grave | Payneham Cemetery |


title: Mecyclothorax punakukini

abstract: Mecyclothorax punakukini is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Psydrinae. It was described by Liebherr in 2008.

text:
# Mecyclothorax punakukini

***Mecyclothorax punakukini*** is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Psydrinae. It was described by Liebherr in 2008.

## InfoBox

| *Mecyclothorax punakukini* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Mecyclothorax* |
| Species: | ***M. punakukini*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mecyclothorax punakukini***<br>Liebherr, 2008 | |
|


title: Giovanni Vincenzo Forli

abstract: Giovanni Vincenzo Forli was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active in Naples. In 1607–1608, he painted a Good Samaritan for the Church of Pio Monte della Misericordia, where Caravaggio had just painted the main altarpiece of The Seven Works of Mercy. Giovanni Vincenzo was clearly influenced by the tenebrism of Caravaggio, but his work has a Mannerist air. Subsequently, Forli was to paint a Circumcision for the church of Santa Maria della Sanità.

text:
# Giovanni Vincenzo Forli

**Giovanni Vincenzo Forli** (c. 1580 in Forlì del Sannio – c. 1625) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active in Naples.

In 1607–1608, he painted a *Good Samaritan* for the Church of Pio Monte della Misericordia, where Caravaggio had just painted the main altarpiece of *The Seven Works of Mercy*. Giovanni Vincenzo was clearly influenced by the tenebrism of Caravaggio, but his work has a Mannerist air. Subsequently, Forli was to paint a Circumcision for the church of Santa Maria della Sanità.


title: Nepal fulvetta

abstract: The Nepal fulvetta or Nepal alcippe, as the fulvettas proper are not closely related to this species, is a bird species in the family Alcippeidae. It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Japan, Myanmar, Nepal, and Taiwan. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.

text:
# Nepal fulvetta

The **Nepal fulvetta** (***Alcippe nipalensis***) or **Nepal alcippe**, as the fulvettas proper are not closely related to this species, is a bird species in the family Alcippeidae.

It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Japan, Myanmar, Nepal, and Taiwan. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.

* Collar, N. J. & Robson C. 2007. Family Timaliidae (Babblers) pp. 70 – 291 in; del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Christie, D.A. eds. *Handbook of the Birds of the World*, Vol. 12. Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.

## InfoBox

| Nepal fulvetta | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| In Nagarkot, Nepal | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Alcippeidae |
| Genus: | *Alcippe* |
| Species: | ***A. nipalensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Alcippe nipalensis***
(Hodgson, 1837) | |
|


title: Ptazeta

abstract: Zuleima del Pino González, known professionally as Ptazeta, is a Spanish rapper and singer. She was born and raised in Las Palmas. In October 2021, Bizarrap and Ptazeta collaborated on the track "Ptazeta: Bzrp Music Sessions, Vol. 45". It charted 23 on Argentina Hot 100. In 2022, she released the song "Mujerón" with Puerto Rican rapper Villano Antillano. In May 2022, she signed a record deal with Interscope Records. Ptazeta is a lesbian and incorporates queer lyrics in her works.

text:
# Ptazeta

**Zuleima del Pino González**, known professionally as **Ptazeta**, is a Spanish rapper and singer. She was born and raised in Las Palmas. In October 2021, Bizarrap and Ptazeta collaborated on the track "Ptazeta: Bzrp Music Sessions, Vol. 45". It charted 23 on Argentina Hot 100. In 2022, she released the song "Mujerón" with Puerto Rican rapper Villano Antillano. In May 2022, she signed a record deal with Interscope Records. Ptazeta is a lesbian and incorporates queer lyrics in her works.

## Discography

### Studio albums

List of studio albums, with selected details and chart positions
| Title | Studio album details | Peaks | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | SPA
 |
| *The Party en la Casa* | * Released: 18 February 2022 * Label: Real Key * Formats: Digital download, streaming | 98 |

### EPs

* *After Party en la Casa* (2022)

### Singles

List of singles as lead artist, showing selected chart positions, certifications, and associated albums
| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | | | | Certifications | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | SPA
 | ARG
 | PAR
 | URU
 | | |
| "Mami" | 2020 | 5 |  |  |  |  | Non-album singles |
| | "Todo Bien" |  |  |  |  | |  |
| | "Mensaje Enviado" |  |  |  |  | |  |
| | "Dejate Ser" |  |  |  |  | |  |
| | "Be Yourself" |  |  |  |  | |  |
| | "Ayer La Vi" |  |  |  |  | |  |
| | "Lo Que Vivo" |  |  |  |  | |  |
| | "Mi Huella" |  |  |  |  | |  |
| | "Nena No Me Llores" |  |  |  |  | |  |
| "Trakatá"
(with Farina) | 2021 | 67 |  |  |  | | * PROMUSICAE: Platinum |
| | "Madre Mía"
(with Tatiana Delalvz and Lérica) |  |  |  |  | |  |
| | "Cha Cha"
(with Foyone) |  |  |  |  | |  |
| | "Me Llama" |  |  |  |  | |  |
| | "Estoy Bien" |  |  |  |  | |  |
| | "Niveles" |  |  |  |  | |  |
| | "Ri Ri" |  |  |  |  | |  |
| | "Ptazeta: Bzrp Music Sessions, Vol. 45"
(with Bizarrap) | 11 | 21 | 100 |  | | * PROMUSICAE: 2× Platinum |
| | "Ella"
(with El Bobe and Camin featuring AlPeDue) |  |  |  |  | | * PROMUSICAE: Gold |
| | "Home" |  |  |  |  |  | *The Party en la Casa* |
| | "Cae La Noche" |  |  |  | |  |  |
| "Tilín" | 2022 |  |  |  | |  |  |
| | "Input" |  |  |  | |  |  |
| | "Quieres"
(with Aitana and Emilia) | 20 | 75 |  | 9 | * PROMUSICAE: Platinum | Non-album singles |
| | "Mujerón"
(with Villano Antillano) |  |  |  | |  |  |
| | "Ponte Pal XXX" |  |  |  | |  |  |
| | "Number One"
(with Chema Rivas) |  |  |  | |  |  |
| | "Desacatá"
(with L-Gante) |  |  |  | |  |  |
| | "Mala Mala" |  |  |  | |  |  |
| "MFD" | 2023 |  |  |  | |  |  |
| | "Tiki Tiki"
(with Lola Índigo) | 100 |  |  | |  | * PROMUSICAE: Gold |
| | "La Respuesta"
(with Lit Killah) |  |  |  | |  |  |
| | "Ping Pong"
(with Chanel) | 90 |  |  |  |  | *¡Agua!* |
| | "Relajao" |  |  |  |  |  | Non-album singles |
| | "No Me Jalan" |  |  |  | |  |  |
| | "Toto" |  |  |  | |  |  |
| "A Oscuras"
(with Lali) | 2024 |  |  |  |  |  | TBA |
| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. | | | | | | | | | | | | | |


title: Gerhard Klingenberg

abstract: Gerhard Klingenberg was an Austrian actor and stage director, and theatre manager. He was also involved in television productions as an actor, director, and scriptwriter. He was Intendant of the Burgtheater in Vienna from 1971 to 1976, and then of the Schauspielhaus Zürich from 1977 to 1982. He had a successful early career in Austria, stepping in at the Burgtheater at age 18 to play Camille in Büchner's Dantons Tod and both acting and directing at Stadttheater Klagenfurt, Stadttheater St. Pölten and the Tyrolean State Theatre in Innsbruck. In 1958 he followed an invitation by Bertold Brecht to his Berliner Ensemble in East Germany, and worked also for Deutscher Fernsehfunk directing television plays. When the Berlin Wall was built in 1961, he moved to West Germany where he directed at major theatres. His first direction at the Burgtheater was in 1968, and he became theatre manager in 1971. He brought avant-garde European directors to Vienna, including Giorgio Strehler, Peter Hall, Luca Ronconi, Jean-Louis Barrault, Peter Wood and Otomar Krejča, and introduced plays by authors such as Thomas Bernhard, Harold Pinter and Tom Stoppard. In his directions there, such as Hebbel's Judith, he used political analogies to a divided Europe.

text:
# Gerhard Klingenberg

**Gerhard Klingenberg** (born **Gerhard Schwabenitzky**; 11 May 1929 – 18 June 2024) was an Austrian actor and stage director, and theatre manager. He was also involved in television productions as an actor, director, and scriptwriter. He was *Intendant* of the Burgtheater in Vienna from 1971 to 1976, and then of the Schauspielhaus Zürich from 1977 to 1982.

He had a successful early career in Austria, stepping in at the Burgtheater at age 18 to play Camille in Büchner's *Dantons Tod* and both acting and directing at Stadttheater Klagenfurt, Stadttheater St. Pölten and the Tyrolean State Theatre in Innsbruck. In 1958 he followed an invitation by Bertold Brecht to his Berliner Ensemble in East Germany, and worked also for Deutscher Fernsehfunk directing television plays. When the Berlin Wall was built in 1961, he moved to West Germany where he directed at major theatres. His first direction at the Burgtheater was in 1968, and he became theatre manager in 1971. He brought avant-garde European directors to Vienna, including Giorgio Strehler, Peter Hall, Luca Ronconi, Jean-Louis Barrault, Peter Wood and Otomar Krejča, and introduced plays by authors such as Thomas Bernhard, Harold Pinter and Tom Stoppard. In his directions there, such as Hebbel's *Judith*, he used political analogies to a divided Europe.

## Life and career

Gerhard Schwabenitzky was born in Vienna on 11 May 1929. His father came from a worker's family of Polish origin and worked for Fiat, his mother was born in Bohemia.

He took private classes in acting in Salzburg after World War II and was accepted to study at the Max Reinhardt Seminar; he studied acting and directing also in the drama class of the Vienna Conservatory. He made money as an actor with the Landesbühne Burgenland; this occupation was prohibited for students, and he therefore took the stage name Klingenberg, which he kept for life. At age 18 he stepped in to play Camille in Büchner's *Dantons Tod* at the Burgtheater in Vienna. He received an offer from the Stadttheater Klagenfurt already while studying, and directed there in March 1948 *Das Haus in Montevideo* by Curt Goetz. He then had engagements at the newly opened Stadttheater St. Pölten and later at the Tyrolean State Theatre in Innsbruck, where he played roles such as Franz Moor in Schiller's *Die Räuber*.

In 1956 Klingenberg was invited by Bertold Brecht for his Berliner Ensemble in East Germany, to work on the world premiere of his *Die Tage der Commune*. Helene Weigel hired him as stage director after Brecht's death. As he was getting little work there, he also worked for Deutscher Fernsehfunk (DFF), where he directed television plays and theatrical recordings. In 1959, he directed the crime comedy *Spuk in Villa Sonnenschein* in the first co-production by DEFA and DFF. Soon afterwards, Klingenberg filmed the stage play *Was wäre, wenn...?* by Hedda Zinner. After the Berlin Wall was built in 1961, Klingenberg feared for his freedom of movement and chose to return to Austria.

From 1962 to 1968, Klingenberg directed at the Städtische Bühnen Köln, the Schauspiel Frankfurt, and the Schauspielhaus Hamburg, as well as at the Schillertheater in Berlin, the Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus, the Schauspielhaus Zürich and the Münchner Kammerspiele. His first stage direction at the Burgtheater was in 1968, and he became theatre manager in 1971, holding the position until 1976. He brought avant-garde European directors to Vienna, including Giorgio Strehler, Peter Hall, Luca Ronconi, Jean-Louis Barrault, Peter Wood, Roberto Guicciardini, Otomar Krejča and Claus Peymann. He introduced plays by authors such as Thomas Bernhard whose *Die Jagdgesellschaft* caused controversies in 1974, Harold Pinter and Tom Stoppard to the house repertoire. He directed there Hebbel's *Judith* with Rolf Boysen as Holofernes in 1973, Grillparzer's *König Ottokars Glück und Ende* in 1976 with Heinz Reincke in the title role, often with political analogies to a divided Europe.

Klingenberg returned to the Schauspielhaus Zürich where he was theatre manager from 1977 to 1982, where he directed Schillers *Wilhelm Tell* and Dürrenmatt's *Romulus der Große*. He was *Intendant* at Berlin's Renaissance-Theater. Thereafter, he worked as a freelance director.

Alongside his theatre work, Klingenberg participated in television productions as an actor, director and scriptwriter. He authored books such as *Das gefesselte Burgtheater* (2003) and *Aus vergangenen Burgtheater Tagen* (2009) as well as an autobiography, *Kein Blatt vor dem Mund* (1998).

### Personal life

Klingenberg was the father of director Reinhard Schwabenitzky, who was married to the German-Austrian actress Elfi Eschke.

Klingenberg died in Villach on 18 June 2024, at the age of 95.

## Films

Klingenberg's films include:

### East Germany

* 1959: *Spuk in Villa Sonnenschein* (TV film)
* 1960: *Was wäre, wenn...?*
* 1961: *Guten Tag, lieber Tag* (also screenwriter)
* 1961: *Die heilige Johanna von Amerika* (TV film)

### West Germany

## Awards

## InfoBox

| Gerhard Klingenberg | |
| --- | --- |
| Klingenberg in 2010 | |
| Born | Gerhard Schwabenitzky
(1929-05-11)11 May 1929
Vienna, Austria |
| Died | 18 June 2024(2024-06-18) (aged 95)
Villach, Carinthia, Austria |
| Occupations | * Television director * stage director * theatre manager * actor |
| Years active | 1958–1990 |
| Organizations |  |
| Notable work | *Was wäre, wenn...?* |


title: Nyctemera simulatrix

abstract: Nyctemera simulatrix is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Francis Walker in 1864. It is found on Sulawesi, Flores, Bangai and the Key Islands.

text:
# Nyctemera simulatrix

***Nyctemera simulatrix*** is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Francis Walker in 1864. It is found on Sulawesi, Flores, Bangai and the Key Islands.

## Subspecies

* *Nyctemera simulatrix simulatrix* (central and south-western Sulawesi, Flores)
* *Nyctemera simulatrix basinigra* Niewenhuis, 1948 (south-eastern Sulawesi, Bangai)
* *Nyctemera simulatrix consobrina* (Hopffer, 1874) (Sulawesi: eastern Minahassa Peninsula)

## InfoBox

| *Nyctemera simulatrix* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Nyctemera* |
| Species: | ***N. simulatrix*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Nyctemera simulatrix***<br>Walker, 1864 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Leptosoma consobrina* Hopffer, 1874 * *Leptosoma accepta* Swinhoe, 1892 | |


title: Westerwolde (municipality)

abstract: Westerwolde is a municipality in the province of Groningen in the northeast of the Netherlands. The municipalities of Bellingwedde and Vlagtwedde have merged into the new municipality of Westerwolde on 1 January 2018. The municipality continues to use both municipal halls in Sellingen and Wedde.

text:
# Westerwolde (municipality)

**Westerwolde** (Dutch pronunciation: \[ˌʋɛstərˈʋɔldə\]; Gronings: *Westerwoolde*) is a municipality in the province of Groningen in the northeast of the Netherlands.

The municipalities of Bellingwedde and Vlagtwedde have merged into the new municipality of Westerwolde on 1 January 2018. The municipality continues to use both municipal halls in Sellingen and Wedde.

## Geography

The municipality is located in the southeast of the province of Groningen at the border with Drenthe and in the northeast of the Netherlands at the border with Germany. Neighbouring municipalities in the Netherlands are Oldambt in the north, Pekela and Stadskanaal in the west, Borger-Odoorn in the southwest, and Emmen in the south. Neighbouring municipalities in Germany are Bunde in the northeast, Rhede, Dörpen, and Lathen in the east, and Haren in the southeast.

## Politics

On 22 November 2017, the first election was held for Westerwolde municipal council. The next election was held on 16 March 2022, the result shown in the table below. The council has 21 seats, the number determined by the population size.

| Party | | Popular vote | | Seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | % ||
|  | Gemeentebelangen Westerwolde (GB) | 2,879 | 26.92 | 6 / 19 |
|  | Labour Party (PvdA) | 2,175 | 20.33 | 5 / 19 |
|  | Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) | 2,055 | 19.21 | 4 / 19 |
|  | Party for Freedom (PVV) | 1,312 | 12.27 | 3 / 19 |
|  | GroenLinks (GL) | 831 | 7.77 | 1 / 19 |
|  | People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) | 751 | 7.02 | 1 / 19 |
|  | Ecologisch Alternatief Westerwolde | 693 | 6.48 | 1 / 19 |

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Westerwolde | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Ter ApelBellingwoldeVlagtweddeSellingenBlijhamWeddeTer Apelkanaal | |
|  | |
| Location in Groningen | |
| Coordinates: 53°01′41″N 7°08′40″E / 53.0281°N 7.1445°E / 53.0281; 7.1445 | |
| Country | Netherlands |
| Province | Groningen |
| Established | 1 January 2018 |
| Government | |
| Body | Municipal council |
| Mayor | Jaap Velema (D66) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Website | www.westerwolde.nl |


title: Pueblo Sin Fronteras

abstract: Pueblo Sin Fronteras is an immigration rights group known for organizing several high-profile migrant caravans in Mexico and Central America. The organization's efforts to facilitate immigration and calls for open borders attracted considerable amounts of coverage in the Mexican and American media. Pueblo Sin Fronteras seeks to "build solidarity bridges among peoples and tear down border walls imposed by greed."

text:
# Pueblo Sin Fronteras

**Pueblo Sin Fronteras** (English: People without Borders) is an immigration rights group known for organizing several high-profile migrant caravans in Mexico and Central America. The organization's efforts to facilitate immigration and calls for open borders attracted considerable amounts of coverage in the Mexican and American media. Pueblo Sin Fronteras seeks to "build solidarity bridges among peoples and tear down border walls imposed by greed."

## Operations

Pueblo Sin Fronteras, formed in 2009, is a transborder organization made up of activists of diverse nationality and immigration statuses that promotes accompaniment, humanitarian assistance, leadership development, recognition of human rights, and coordination of know-your-rights training along migrant routes, as well as monitoring and raising awareness of human rights. The group builds shelters for migrants on the trek north to the Mexican-American border and provides legal counsel to them. Activists affiliated with the group are present in the United States, where the organization actively raises funds and organizes protest actions against U.S. immigration policy. The organization is a member organization of the National Day Laborer Organizing Network.

One of the group’s first programs offered classes to day laborers about workplace rights.

The group expanded its work south of the border several years ago, inspired in part by the story of 72 Central American migrants who were kidnapped and massacred by a criminal group in northern Mexico in 2010. It opened two migrant shelters in the notoriously violent border state of Sonora in 2015 and 2016.

The organization is notable for coordinating several high-profile migrant caravans in April 2018 and October 2018. These caravans, which traveled from Central America into Mexico, were the subject of widespread media coverage. Unlike the April caravan, the October 2018 caravan was not directly organized by Pueblo Sin Fronteras, with the group instead offering logistical support.

Pueblo Sin Fronteras is sometimes confused with another group that no longer exists with the same name. The other Pueblo Sin Fronteras, was established in Chicago in 1987 to fight for immigration reform with a path to citizenship. However, in 2006, during the fight to block the deportation to Mexico of Elvira Arellano and separation from her U.S. born son, Pueblo Sin Fronteras changed its name to La Familia Latina Unida Sin Fronteras or FLU.

## InfoBox

Pueblo Sin Fronteras
("Towns without Borders")
|
|  |
| Formation | 2009 |
| Founder | Roberto Corona |
| Founded at | Dallas |
| Region | North America |
| Official language | Spanish, English |
| Leader | Irineo Mujica |
| Website | pueblosinfronteras.org |


title: Paul Mardon

abstract: Paul Jonathan Mardon is a former professional footballer who made 270 appearances in the Football League playing as a central defender. He was capped once for the Wales national team, against Germany in October 1995.

text:
# Paul Mardon

**Paul Jonathan Mardon** (born 14 September 1969) is a former professional footballer who made 270 appearances in the Football League playing as a central defender. He was capped once for the Wales national team, against Germany in October 1995.

## Career

Mardon was born in Bristol, and started his professional career in 1987 with hometown club Bristol City. He scored once for the club, at the age of 19, away to Nottingham Forest in the semi-final of the League Cup on 15 February 1989. He also played for Doncaster Rovers, Birmingham City, West Bromwich Albion, Oldham Athletic, Plymouth Argyle and Wrexham, before retiring due to injury in 2001.

## InfoBox

Paul Mardon
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Paul Jonathan Mardon | | |
| Date of birth | (1969-09-14) 14 September 1969 | | |
| Place of birth | Bristol, England | | |
| Height | 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) | | |
| Position(s) | Central defender | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Bristol City | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1987–1991 | Bristol City | 42 | (0) |
| 1990 | Doncaster Rovers (loan) | 3 | (0) |
| 1991–1993 | Birmingham City | 64 | (1) |
| 1993–2001 | West Bromwich Albion | 139 | (3) |
| 1999 | Oldham Athletic (loan) | 12 | (3) |
| 2000 | Plymouth Argyle (loan) | 3 | (1) |
| 2000 | Wrexham (loan) | 7 | (0) |
| Total |  | **270** | **(8)** |
| International career | | | |
| 1995 | Wales | 1 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Pushkar Shah

abstract: Pushkar Shah is a Nepalese peace and democracy activist and adventurer. On November 29, 1998 he set off from Dolakha Town, Nepal at the age of 25, for a world bicycle trek. His goal was to spread a message of peace and hope. He has cycled around 150 different countries.

text:
# Pushkar Shah

**Pushkar Shah** is a Nepalese peace and democracy activist and adventurer. On November 29, 1998 he set off from Dolakha Town, Nepal at the age of 25, for a world bicycle trek. His goal was to spread a message of peace and hope. He has cycled around 150 different countries.

## Early life

Shah hails from a Nepalese farming family from the Makaibari Village Development Committee of Dolakha District. His father served in the Indian Gorkha Regiment.

## Freedom fighter

He was a freedom fighter and was shot during the 1990 People's Movement. His stated motivations were to establish peace, democracy, human rights, freedom of expression and rule of law against the autocratic Panchayat regime. He was arrested and imprisoned many times.

## Cycling journey

With only a bicycle, 60 kg of essentials and a 100 Nepali Rupees (NR) from his mother, he started his journey in November 1998 from a small village in Dolakha, aiming to circumnavigate the world.

He carried with him messages of peace from Nepal and collected national flags from whichever country he travelled to. On 7 April 2010, he attempted climbing Mount Everest with his collection of flags from around the world. He successfully topped on 17 May 2010.

While in New Zealand, he met Sir Edmund Hillary. However, during his visit, his bicycle was stolen. On learning about this, Hillary bought him a new bicycle. In another incident in Barbados, Pushkar was attacked with a knife while sleeping. When he was in Mexico, he was kidnapped and taken 180 km inside a jungle. He assaulted his captors and escaped, without knowing their motivations.

## InfoBox

| Pushkar Shah | |
| --- | --- |
| Notable work | Cycled more than 150 countries of the world alone. |


title: Neorossia caroli

abstract: Neorossia caroli, the Carol bobtail squid, is a species of bobtail squid belonging to the family Sepiolidae.

text:
# Neorossia caroli

***Neorossia caroli***, the **Carol bobtail squid**, is a species of bobtail squid belonging to the family Sepiolidae.

## Etymology

The species name *caroli* derives from Carolus, Latinized name of Carlos. It honors H. M. the King don Carlos of Portugal.

## Subspecies

Subspecies include:

* *N. c. jeannae* (southwest Atlantic)
* *N. c. caroli* (northeast, east, and southeast Atlantic)

## Distribution and habitat

This species is widespread in the Atlantic Ocean from Iceland and the United Kingdom southwards along the Atlantic coast of Europe and Africa as far south as Namibia, the Patagonian slope, and Falkland Islands. It is also present in the Mediterranean and Black Seas. This bottom-living species occurs in areas of muddy substrate at depths of 40 to 1744 m.

## Description

*N. caroli* can reach a mantle length of 51 mm in males, while in females, the mantle length can attain 83 mm. Its body is soft and fleshy, and the mantle is broad and oval. The dorsal border of the mantle is not fused to the head. Arms have two rows of suckers. The ink sac is not functional.

## Biology

These squids usually bury in muddy substrate during the day, emerging only at night to feed. During copulation, the male inserts the arm (hectocotylus) specialized to store and transfer spermatophores into the female's mantle cavity. Spawning occurs throughout the year. The eggs are violet and rather large. They are attached to hard substrates. Males and females usually die after spawning and brooding.

## Further reading

* Belloc, G. - Catalogue des types de Cephalopodes du Musee Oceanographique de Monaco -
* Boletzky, S. V. - Neorossia n.g. pro Rossia (Allorossia) caroli Joubin, 1902, with remarks on the generic status of Semirossia Steenstrup, 1887 (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) -
* Joubin, L. - Observations sur divers Cephalopodes. Sixieme note: Sur une nouvelle espece du genre Rossia - Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France, 27
* Sweeney, M. J. and C. F. E. Roper / N. A. Voss, M. Vecchione, R. B. Toll and M. J. Sweeney - Classification, type localities and type repositories of recent Cephalopoda - Systematics and Biogeography of Cephalopods. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 586 (I-II)

## InfoBox

| *Neorossia caroli* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Museum model of *Neorossia caroli* | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Cephalopoda |
| Order: | Sepiida |
| Family: | Sepiolidae |
| Subfamily: | Rossiinae |
| Genus: | *Neorossia* |
| Species: | ***N. caroli*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Neorossia caroli***
(Joubin, 1902) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Rossia caroli* Joubin, 1902 | |


title: Puna plover

abstract: The puna plover is a species of bird in subfamily Charadriinae of family Charadriidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru.

text:
# Puna plover

The **puna plover** (***Anarhynchus alticola***) is a species of bird in subfamily Charadriinae of family Charadriidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The puna plover has at times been considered conspecific with the two-banded plover (*A. falklandicus*) but now some treat the two as a superspecies. The puna plover is monotypic.

## Description

The puna plover is 16.5 to 17.5 cm (6.5 to 6.9 in) long and weighs 41 to 49 g (1.4 to 1.7 oz). It has a short thick neck and its bill and legs are black. Adult males have a white face. They have a black bar on the forecrown and a black strip behind the eye that connects to black patches on the sides of the breast. They have a pale chestnut crown, hindneck, and breast band. Their upperparts are dull brown and their underparts white but for the breast band. Adult females are duller; their breast band can be grayish and the areas that are black on the male can be brownish. Juveniles are essentially brown above and white below, with little or none of the adults' black and chestnut.

## Distribution and habitat

The puna plover is found in the high Andes from Peru's Department of Junín south through western Bolivia into northern Chile as far as the Atacama Region and into northwestern Argentina to Catamarca Province. It inhabits the plateaus of the *puna* zone, where it is typically found in short grassland around both salt- and freshwater lakes. In elevation it mostly ranges between 3,000 and 4,500 m (9,800 and 14,800 ft) but is found as low as 2,400 m (7,900 ft) and as high as 5,000 m (16,000 ft). The puna plover is probably resident in most of its range but some move to lower elevations, even as far as the coast, during the austral winter.

## Behavior

### Feeding

Almost nothing is known about the puna plover's foraging techniques or diet, but the latter does include small crustaceans. In the non-breeding season it can forage in loose flocks of up to about 30 birds.

### Breeding

The puna plover's egg season is mainly September and October though it can extend to January. The clutch of two to four eggs is laid on short matted grass. The incubation period and time to fledging are not known.

### Vocalization

The puna plover is not highly vocal. What is thought to be its display song is "a repeated phrase of two notes followed by a gravelly trill, e.g. 'pit-pit-krrrrrt... pit-pit-krrrrrt...'." It also makes " a short, emphatic 'pit'" that may be rapidly repeated.

## Status

The IUCN has assessed the puna plover as being of Least Concern. It has a large range, but its population size and trend are not known. No immediate threats have been identified. It is considered rather common in the central and southern parts of its range.

## InfoBox

| Puna plover | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Puna plover at Salar de Atacama, Antofagasta Region, Chile | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Charadriiformes |
| Family: | Charadriidae |
| Genus: | *Anarhynchus* |
| Species: | ***A. alticola*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Anarhynchus alticola***
(Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1902) | |
|
|  | |


title: Gert Bonnier

abstract: Gert Bonnier was a Swedish geneticist and Drosophila researcher. He was a professor in the zoology department at Stockholm College.

text:
# Gert Bonnier

**Gert Bonnier** (1890 – 1961) was a Swedish geneticist and *Drosophila* researcher. He was a professor in the zoology department at Stockholm College.

## Family life

A member of the Bonnier family, Bonnier was the third of four sons of Karl Otto Bonnier, a publisher who served as leader of the Albert Bonniers förlag publishing house. Unlike his three brothers, Gert did not work at his father's publishing house.


title: Irene Lewisohn

abstract: Irene Lewisohn was the founder of the Neighborhood Playhouse and the Museum of Costume Art.

text:
# Irene Lewisohn

**Irene Lewisohn** (September 5, 1886 – April 4, 1944) was the founder of the Neighborhood Playhouse and the Museum of Costume Art.

## Biography

She was the daughter of Rosalie Jacobs and Leonard Lewisohn. Her father was of Jewish background. In 1905 she and her sister, Alice Lewisohn, began classes and club work at the Henry Street Settlement House in New York. They produced performances with both dance and drama. In 1915, they opened the Neighborhood Playhouse on the corner of Grand and Pitt Streets. There they offered training in both dance and drama to children and teenagers. Irene was in charge of the dance training and production, with the assistance of Blanche Talmud. Alice Lewisohn was in charge of the dramatic arts. In 1928 they opened The Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre at 16 West Forty-sixth Street. Irene Lewisohn died in 1944.

## Legacy

## InfoBox

| Irene Lewisohn | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1886 -09-05)September 5, 1886
New York City |
| Died | April 4, 1944(1944-04-04) (aged 57)
New York City |
| Known for | Neighborhood Playhouse
Museum of Costume Art |
| Parent | Leonard Lewisohn |
| Relatives |  |


title: Nyctemera sumatrensis

abstract: Nyctemera sumatrensis is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Franciscus J. M. Heylaerts in 1890. It is found on Malacca, Sumatra and Java.

text:
# Nyctemera sumatrensis

***Nyctemera sumatrensis*** is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Franciscus J. M. Heylaerts in 1890. It is found on Malacca, Sumatra and Java.

## InfoBox

| *Nyctemera sumatrensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Nyctemera* |
| Species: | ***N. sumatrensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Nyctemera sumatrensis***<br>Heylaerts, 1890 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Nyctemera nesites* Seitz, 1915 * *Deilemera instar* Rothschild, 1920 | |


title: Misrata Governorate

abstract: Misrata Governorate was one of the governorates (muhafazah) of Libya from 1963 to 1983. Its capital was the town of Misrata. Initially in the 1930s was called "Provincia di Misurata" of Italian Libya. It was created out of the eastern part of Tripolitania province. The governorate's population was 145,894 in 1964 and had risen to 156,980 by 1972.

text:
# Misrata Governorate

**Misrata Governorate** (or **Misurata Province** before WW2) was one of the governorates (muhafazah) of Libya from 1963 to 1983. Its capital was the town of Misrata. Initially in the 1930s was called "Provincia di Misurata" of Italian Libya. It was created out of the eastern part of Tripolitania province.

The governorate's population was 145,894 in 1964 and had risen to 156,980 by 1972.

## Misurata Provincia

Before WW2 it was called *Provincia di Misurata* and had the same extension and capital. it was one of the four provinces of Italian Libya, that were created in 1937 as a "Metropolitan region" of the Kingdom of Italy.

It was divided in 3 sections (called "Circondari" in Italian):

* Misurata
* Zliten
* Khoms (Homs in Italian)

Some villages for Italian colonists were created in this 'province', greatly improving the farm production of the area: the most important was *Villaggio Crispi*.

The population in the 1939 Census was of nearly 225,000 inhabitants, most of which were Arabs and Berbers. The Italians were nearly 10,000 and were concentrated in Misurata, Homs and some newly created villages for Italian colonists (Gioda, Crispi, Littoriano, Corradini, etc.)

Most of the population was Muslim, but there was a growing community of Catholics due to the Italian colonists immigration. Additionally there were nearly one thousand Jews in Misurata.

The province from 1939 was considered officially part of the Kingdom of Italy, with the same laws. It was one of the 4 new Italian provinces of the so-called *Quarta Sponda* (4th shore) of Mussolini's Greater Italia. Indeed, on January 9, 1939, the colony of Italian Libya was incorporated into "metropolitan Italy" and thereafter considered an integral part of the Italian state (the French, in 1848, had incorporated French Algeria in the same manner).

According to the 1939 Italian Census of Libya, these were the main population data:

| **CITY'** | **INHABITANTS** | **ITALIANS** | **NOTES** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Littoriano | 150 pop. | 150 | Italian colonists village, now abandoned |
| Corradini | 420 pop. | 420 | Italian colonist village, built in 1939 |
| Homs | 35,316 pop. | 1,156 | Italians nearly 3% |
| Misurata | 46,321 pop. | 1,472 | Italians 3% |
| Gioda | 1,550 pop. | 1,550 | Italian colonists village, built in 1939 |
| Taworgha | 5,174 pop. | - | village populated mostly by Blacks and a few Berbers |
| Sirte | 15,014 pop. | 303 | Italians 2% |
| Nofaliya | 3,459 pop. | 35 | Italians nearly 1% |
| Zliten | 1,300 popo. | 30 | Italians nearly 3% |
|

## Bibliography

* Del Boca, Angelo. *Gli italiani in Libia*. Vol. 2. Milano. Mondadori, 1997.

30°27′N 17°05′E / 30.450°N 17.083°E / 30.450; 17.083


title: Pueblo Viejo, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico

abstract: Pueblo Viejo is a barrio in the municipality of Guaynabo, Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 23,816.

text:
# Pueblo Viejo, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico

**Pueblo Viejo** is a barrio in the municipality of Guaynabo, Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 23,816.

## History

In 1508, Juan Ponce de León founded the original Spanish settlement in Puerto Rico at Caparra (named after the province of Cáceres, Spain, the birthplace of then-governor of Spain's Caribbean territories Nicolás de Ovando), which today is known as Pueblo Viejo barrio.

Pueblo Viejo was in Spain's gazetteers until Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became an unincorporated territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States Department of War conducted a census of Puerto Rico finding that the population of Pueblo Viejo barrio was 480.

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1900 | 480 |  |  |
| 1910 | 741 |  | 54.4% |
| 1920 | 1,687 |  | 127.7% |
| 1930 | 3,564 |  | 111.3% |
| 1940 | 5,813 |  | 63.1% |
| 1950 | 13,956 |  | 140.1% |
| 1960 | 19,266 |  | 38.0% |
| 1970 | 0 |  | −100.0% |
| 1980 | 38,930 |  |  |
| 1990 | 27,744 |  | −28.7% |
| 2000 | 26,109 |  | −5.9% |
| 2010 | 23,816 |  | −8.8% |
| U.S. Decennial Census
1899 (shown as 1900) 1910-1930
1930-1950 1980-2000 2010 | | | |

## Sectors

Barrios (which are, in contemporary times, roughly comparable to minor civil divisions) in turn are further subdivided into smaller local populated place areas/units called **sectores** (*sectors* in English). The types of *sectores* may vary, from normally *sector* to *urbanización* to *reparto* to *barriada* to *residencial*, among others.

The following sectors are in Pueblo Viejo barrio:

*Apartamentos Gallardo, Barriada San Miguel, Barriada Vietnam, Barrio Juan Domingo, Barrio Sabana, Buchanan, Calle Emilia, Calle Flamboyán, Calle Pedro Pedroza, Calle San Miguel, Calle Wilson, Callejón Caridad, Comunidad Amelia, Condominios Acgualina, Condominios Amarillys, Condominios Arcos de Suchville, Condominios Art At San Patricio, Condominios Asizi, Condominios Bel-Air, Condominios Belén, Condominios Caparra Chalets, Condominios Caparra Classic, Condominios Caparra Hills Tower, Condominios Caparra Hills Village, Condominios Caparra Real, Condominios Casa Magna Court, Condominios Chalets de Caparra, Condominios Ciudad Condor, Condominios Colonial Court, Condominios Doral Plaza, Condominios El Cordovés, Condominios El Jardín, Condominios El Laurel, Condominios Garden Court, Condominios Garden Hills Chalets, Condominios Garden Hills Plaza I, Condominios Garden Hills Plaza II, Condominios Garden Hills Tower, Condominios Garden Hills Town Park, Condominios Garden Hills Villas, Condominios Garden Village, Condominios Gardenville, Condominios Generalife, Condominios IL’Villagio, Condominios L’Hermitage, Condominios Los Caobos Plaza, Condominios Los Patricios, Condominios Luis Muñoz Marín, Condominios Madre Selva, Condominios Mansiones de Garden Hills I y II, Condominios Mansiones Los Caobos, Condominios Meadows Towers, Condominios Milan Court, Condominios Miradores de Sabana, Condominios Novas Court Town Houses, Condominios Palm Circle, Condominios Park Royal, Condominios Parkside, Condominios Parque de Villa Caparra, Condominios Parque San Patricio I y II, Condominios Pisos de Caparra, Condominios Plaza Athenne, Condominios Plaza Real Caparra, Condominios Ponce de León, Condominios Portales de San Patricio, Condominios Porto Fino, Condominios Saint Morritz, Condominios San Patricio Apartamentos, Condominios San Patricio Chalets, Condominios San Patricio I y II, Condominios San Patricio Meadows, Condominios Santa Ana, Condominios Suchville Park, Condominios The Village At Suchville, Condominios The Village, Condominios Torres de Caparra, Condominios Town Houses Villa Caparra, Condominios Vía Caparra, Condominios Villa Caparra Court, Condominios Villa Caparra Executive, Condominios Villa Caparra Plaza, Condominios Villa Caparra Tower, Condominios Villa Caparra Town Park, Hogar San José de la Montaña, Residencial Zenón Díaz Valcárcel, Sector Buen Samaritano, Sector Fondo del Saco, Sector Jerusalén, Sector La Esperanza, Sector Robles, Urbanización Alturas de San Patricio, Urbanización Arboleda, Urbanización Balcones de Sevilla, Urbanización Caparra Hills, Urbanización Caparra Town Park, Urbanización Chalets de la Reina, Urbanización Garden Hills Estate, Urbanización Garden Hills, Urbanización Georgetown, Urbanización Golden Gate, Urbanización Los Caobos Apartamentos, Urbanización Los Caobos, Urbanización Mansiones de Garden Hills, Urbanización Mansiones de Tintillo, Urbanización Parkside, Urbanización Parque de Villa Caparra, Urbanización Parque San Patricio, Urbanización San Patricio, Urbanización Suchville, Urbanización Sunset Harbor, Urbanización Susan Court (Calle Patricia: Casas 9, 10, 47 a la 51), Urbanización Terrazas de Tintillo (Calle 1: casas 1 a la 5 y 13 a la 16, Calle Wall: Casas 17 a la 20), Urbanización Tintillo Gardens, Urbanización Tintillo Hills (casas 507, 507ª y de la 600 a la 612), Urbanización Tintillo, Urbanización Town House San Patricio, Urbanización Villa Concepción 1 y 2, Urbanización Villa de Flamboyán, Urbanización Villa Elsie, Urbanización Villa Trujillo, Urbanización Villa Verde, Urbanización Villas de Tintillo, Urbanización Y Extensión Villa Caparra*, and *Víctor Braegger*.

## InfoBox

| Pueblo Viejo | |
| --- | --- |
| Barrio | |
| Storm clouds over condos in Pueblo Viejo barrio | |
| Location of Pueblo Viejo within the municipality of Guaynabo shown in red | |
| Pueblo ViejoLocation of Puerto Rico | |
| Coordinates: 18°24′49″N 66°06′49″W / 18.413688°N 66.113591°W / 18.413688; -66.113591 | |
| Commonwealth | Puerto Rico |
| Municipality | Guaynabo |
| Area | |
| Total | 4.76 sq mi (12.3 km2) |
| Land | 4.63 sq mi (12.0 km2) |
| Water | 0.13 sq mi (0.3 km2) |
| Elevation | 75 ft (23 m) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 23,816 |
| Density | 5,143.8/sq mi (1,986.0/km2) |
|  | Source: 2010 Census |
| Time zone | UTC−4 (AST) |


title: Paul Marion (politician)

abstract: Paul Jules André Marion was a French Communist and subsequently far right journalist and political activist. He served as the French Minister of Information from 1941 to 1944.

text:
# Paul Marion (politician)

**Paul Jules André Marion** (27 June 1899 – 2 March 1954) was a French Communist and subsequently far right journalist and political activist. He served as the French Minister of Information from 1941 to 1944.

## Early years

Marion joined the French Communist Party in 1922 and wrote for *L'Humanité* as well as being elected to the party's central committee in 1926. After a spell in Moscow working for Comintern he left the Communist Party to join the more moderate Socialist Republican Union, which counted Marcel Déat amongst its membership, in 1929. He switched his allegiance to the Parti Populaire Français (PPF) in 1936. Despite his political origins Marion was quoted as saying that the PPF would ally itself with the Devil and his grandmother in order to defeat communism. In 1938 he published the Programme of the PPF, a document that defended capitalism as well as endorsing corporatism. Marion was widely associated with the more moderate tendency within the PPF, which emphasised anti-communism above all, as opposed to the openly fascist tendency loyal to Pierre Drieu La Rochelle. He also wrote for a number of right-wing journals, including Jean Luchaire's *Notre Temps*.

The same year he was one of a group of leading members who split from the PPF, feeling that Jacques Doriot had become too fulsome in his support for Adolf Hitler whilst also endorsing accusations that Doriot had been using his position to personally enrich himself. Marion was part of a loose group of leading members, unofficially led by Pierre Pucheu, who left the party together in early 1939.

## Vichy

Reunited with Doriot under the Vichy regime, he served as Minister of Information from 1941 to 1944. His power grew as he was elected to the controlling committee of the Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism and, along with Jacques Benoist-Méchin, pushed to Pierre Laval the idea that the group should become an official arm of the Vichy government. In his government office he also helped to create an Association of Friends of the Waffen SS, which played a central role in recruitment. He also attempted to use his position to politicise France's youth groups although in this endeavour he was unsuccessful. He remained in office until 1944 when a group of radicals briefly took power and he was replaced by Philippe Henriot. Marion returned to office soon afterwards following Henriot's death and served in his former position when the Vichy government was shifted to Belfort, although by then it was effectively powerless.

## Post-war

Sentenced on 14 December 1948 to ten years in prison, he was pardoned in 1953 for medical reasons, and died of illness in 1954. Although he took no further role in politics Marion was reported as advising friends and supporters to vote for the Rally of the French People in the immediate post-war elections.

## InfoBox

| Paul Marion | |
| --- | --- |
| Paul Marion in 1936 | |
| Born | (1899-06-27)27 June 1899
Asnières-sur-Seine, France |
| Died | 2 March 1954(1954-03-02) (aged 54)
Paris, France |
| Occupation(s) | Journalist, politician |
| Political party | French Communist Party
Socialist Republican Union
Parti Populaire Français |


title: Megachile anthracina

abstract: Megachile anthracina is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Smith in 1853.

text:
# Megachile anthracina

***Megachile anthracina*** is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Smith in 1853.

## InfoBox

| *Megachile anthracina* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Megachilidae |
| Genus: | *Megachile* |
| Species: | ***M. anthracina*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Megachile anthracina***<br>Smith, 1853 | |
|


title: Glanyrafon, Ceredigion

abstract: Glanyrafon or Glanrafon is a small village and industrial estate in the community of Llanfarian, Ceredigion, Wales. It lies on the south bank of the Afon Rheidol, about 2 miles (3.2 km) north-east of Llanfarian village and the same distance east of the town of Aberystwyth. Glanyrafon is represented in the Senedd by Elin Jones and is part of the Ceredigion Preseli constituency in the House of Commons.

text:
# Glanyrafon, Ceredigion

**Glanyrafon** or Glanrafon is a small village and industrial estate in the community of Llanfarian, Ceredigion, Wales. It lies on the south bank of the Afon Rheidol, about 2 miles (3.2 km) north-east of Llanfarian village and the same distance east of the town of Aberystwyth.

Glanyrafon is represented in the Senedd by Elin Jones (Plaid Cymru) and is part of the Ceredigion Preseli constituency in the House of Commons.

## InfoBox

| Glanyrafon | |
| --- | --- |
| GlanyrafonLocation within Ceredigion | |
| OS grid reference | SN612803 |
| Cardiff | 73.6 mi (118.4 km) |
| London | 177.7 mi (286.0 km) |
| Community |  |
| Principal area |  |
| Country | Wales |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Aberystwyth |
| Postcode district | SY23 |
|  | |
| Police | Dyfed-Powys |
| Fire | Mid and West Wales |
| Ambulance | Welsh |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
| Senedd Cymru – Welsh Parliament |  |
|


title: Łodyna

abstract: Łodyna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ustrzyki Dolne, within Bieszczady County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of Ustrzyki Dolne and 76 km (47 mi) south-east of the regional capital Rzeszów.

text:
# Łodyna

**Łodyna** \[wɔˈdɨna\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ustrzyki Dolne, within Bieszczady County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of Ustrzyki Dolne and 76 km (47 mi) south-east of the regional capital Rzeszów.

## InfoBox

| Łodyna | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Formerly Greek Catholic, currently Roman Catholic church | |
| Łodyna | |
| Coordinates: 49°28′N 22°35′E / 49.467°N 22.583°E / 49.467; 22.583 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Subcarpathian |
| County | Bieszczady |
| Gmina | Ustrzyki Dolne |


title: Pskov State Polytechnic Institute

abstract: The Pskov State Polytechnic Institute (PPI) was a major educational institution in the Pskov Region. About 7000 full-time and part-time students study at PPI. In 2010 it was merged with the Pskov State Pedagogical Institute to form the Pskov State University.

text:
# Pskov State Polytechnic Institute

The **Pskov State Polytechnic Institute** (PPI) was a major educational institution in the Pskov Region. About 7000 full-time and part-time students study at PPI. In 2010 it was merged with the Pskov State Pedagogical Institute to form the Pskov State University.

## History

The institute was founded in 1960 as an educational and consulting center of the North-west Polytechnic Institute. In 1972 PPI became a branch of the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute (LPI). It became an independent educational institution in 2004 by the Order of the Government of Russia on the basis of the branch of Saint-Petersburg State Polytechnic University.

## Today

The institute trains specialists in Economics, Finance, Management, Public Administration, Construction, Mechanical Engineering, Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, and Automatic Production. PPI has highly skilled teaching staff.

## International cooperation

Pskov State Polytechnic Institute cooperates with 10 institutions of higher education in Germany, the Netherlands, Finland, the United States, Poland, Lithuania and Latvia.

The partners of the Institute are: Savonia University of Applied Sciences, Kuopio (FIN); Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku (FIN); the Hague School of European Studies at the Hague University of Professional Education, the Hague (NL); the University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts (USA); Aahen Higher Professional School, Aahen (GER); Jagiellonian University, Kraków (POL); Kaunas College, Kaunas (LT); Rezekne Higher Education Institution, Rezekne (LV); Malnava College, Malnava (LV); and Eschweiler Professional College, Eschweiler (GER).

PPI cooperates with partner institutions within the Baltic Sea Sustainable Development Network (BSSDN) and the International Academy of Sciences of Higher School. In addition, the institute is planning to join the Baltic Sea Region University Network (BSRUN).

International cooperation is carried out in the following areas: economics and finance, tourism, public administration, management, industrial and civil engineering, motor vehicles and motor transportation, environmental engineering, information technologies, mechanical engineering, power supply and electromechanics.

International educational programmes

PPI develops international educational programmes. Annually, about 50 teachers, staff members and students travel abroad to teach classes, participate in international conferences and seminars, carry out joint research projects and study.

Students have the opportunity to participate in exchange programmes with institutions of higher education in Finland, the Netherlands, Germany, Czech Republic and the USA.

In addition, approximately 50 international students and guest teachers come to Pskov State Polytechnic Institute every year.

The Institute pays special attention to the development of educational programmes. The following areas of cooperation can be mentioned:

Education of international students at PPI:

Full program (in Russian);

Individualtraining (1 semester / 1-year program in English);

Education in international groups (in English);

Short-term educational programmes in English (вЂњSummer / Winter school, вЂќ etc.).

Individual training of international students at PPI:

Internships at Pskov and Pskov Region enterprises;

Research activities;

Annual and graduation projects.

## Structure

There are all the necessary facilities at PPI.

## Faculties

There are 7 faculties in PPI:
**1. Computer Science faculty offers specialist degrees**

* in Computers, Complexes, Systems and Networks;
* Information Systems and Technologies.

**2. Mechanical Engineering Faculty offers specialist degrees in**

* Technology of Machine- building;
* Motor Vehicles and Motor Transportation;
* Environmental Engineering.

**3. Constructional Engineering Faculty offers specialist degrees in**

* Industrial and Civil Engineering;
* Road Construction and Aerodromes;
* Expertise and Real Estate Management.

**4. Electro-mechanical Faculty offers specialist degrees in**

* Power Supply;
* Electrical Drive and Automation of Industrial-scale plantsand Technological Complexes.

**5. Finance and Economics Faculty offers specialist degrees in**

* Finance and Credit;
* Accounting, Analysis and Audit.

**6. Management and Public Administration Faculty offers specialist degrees in**

* Public Administration;
* Management of an Organization;
* Production Management;
* Innovation Management.

**7. Preparatory Faculty offers**

* courses for PPI's entrants in Mathematics, Physics, Computer Science, the Russian language;
* programmes at Physics and Mathematics School;
* programmes at Foreign Languages Department.

## Postgraduate study

There are post-graduate studies at PPI under the following direction:

* Technology of Machine- building;
* Electro Mechanics and Electric Apparatus;
* Computer Networks and Information Systems and Technologies;
* National economy management.

PPI develops international cooperation with institutions of higher education in the Baltic States, West Europe and the USA. Annually the best students and teachers of PPI take part in different exchange programs with the Netherlands, the US, Germany and the Baltic States.

## InfoBox

The Pskov State Polytechnic Institute (PPI)
| **Псковский государственный политехнический институт** | |
| --- | --- |
| Motto | ***Education - the path to success!*** |
| Type | Public |
| Established | 1960 |
| Rector | Sergey Mikhailovich Verteshev - Dr.Sc. (doctor of technical science), professor. |
| Academic staff | 7 |
| Students | About 7000 |
| Location | Pskov, Pskov Oblast,  Russia<br>57°48′52.78″N 28°21′10.59″E / 57.8146611°N 28.3529417°E / 57.8146611; 28.3529417 |
| Campus | Urban |
| Website | www.ppi.gtspskov.ru |


title: Gert Bettens

abstract:
Gert Bettens is the lead guitarist of the Belgian band K's Choice. He, with his brother Sam Bettens, is the face of the band. The band is popular in Europe and had toured in the U.S. with The Verve Pipe, Tonic, Alanis Morissette and the Indigo Girls, as well as on their own. In 2003 K's Choice decided to split ways, but then reformed in 2009. Bettens was born in Merksem. After more than a decade of composing, recording and touring all around the world with one of the most successful Belgian bands, in addition to many side projects as a songwriter, guitarist and producer, Gert is making his comeback in the music scene with his first solo project. Along with some self-respected musicians, Gert founded Woodface. Written in his backyard studio and recorded at Jet Studios in Brussels, "Good Morning Hope" sheds light on the wide range of Gert's musical influences and tastes, blending power-driven rock with intimate singer-songwriter compositions.
This contrast is probably the only similarity to his former band. Driven by Gert's original sound and voice, there is a fusion of styles. The album stretches from typical 1970s rock-tinged guitar bands like The Who and Led Zeppelin to the dulcet sounds of Crowded House, The Smiths and The Beatles. Some songs embrace the drive of more contemporary critical favorites such as David Gray, Eels and the late Elliott Smith. The colourful palette of sounds was recorded by Werner Pensaert who also engineered the K's Choice platinum record Paradise in Me.

text:
# Gert Bettens

**Gert Bettens** is the lead guitarist of the Belgian band K's Choice. He, with his brother Sam Bettens, is the face of the band.

The band is popular in Europe and had toured in the U.S. with The Verve Pipe, Tonic, Alanis Morissette and the Indigo Girls, as well as on their own. In 2003 K's Choice decided to split ways, but then reformed in 2009.

Bettens was born in Merksem. After more than a decade of composing, recording and touring all around the world with one of the most successful Belgian bands, in addition to many side projects as a songwriter, guitarist and producer, Gert is making his comeback in the music scene with his first solo project.

Along with some self-respected musicians, Gert founded *Woodface*. Written in his backyard studio and recorded at Jet Studios in Brussels, "Good Morning Hope" sheds light on the wide range of Gert's musical influences and tastes, blending power-driven rock with intimate singer-songwriter compositions. This contrast is probably the only similarity to his former band.

Driven by Gert's original sound and voice, there is a fusion of styles. The album stretches from typical 1970s rock-tinged guitar bands like The Who and Led Zeppelin to the dulcet sounds of Crowded House, The Smiths and The Beatles. Some songs embrace the drive of more contemporary critical favorites such as David Gray, Eels and the late Elliott Smith.

The colourful palette of sounds was recorded by Werner Pensaert who also engineered the K's Choice platinum record *Paradise in Me*.

## InfoBox

| Gert Bettens | |
| --- | --- |
| Gert Bettens performing in December 2015 | |
| Background information | |
| Born | Merksem, Belgium |
| Occupations | * Songwriter * guitarist * producer |
| Instrument(s) | Voice, guitar |
| Years active | 1994–present |


title: Irene Li

abstract: Irene Shiang Li is a Boston-based chef and restaurateur and a winner of a 2022 James Beard Leadership Award. The youngest person to win the award (32), Li is also a six time finalist in the Rising Star Chef category. A self taught chef, Li founded Mei Mei as a food truck, Mei Mei Street Kitchen, with brother Andrew and sister Margaret in 2012. Mei Mei means little sister in Mandarin. They opened Mei Mei Restaurant a year later in 2013, and Mei Mei now operates as a dumpling company, teaching virtual classes and selling packaged dumplings at farmers markets with their headquarters in South Boston. During COVID-19, Li co-founded Project Restore Us with Marena Lin, Lily Huang and Tracy Chang, which is a nonprofit that sought to use the restaurant supply chain to help feed immigrant and working-class families. In 2022, Irene co-founded Prepshift, a coaching, consulting, and workforce training business with Dylan Gully and Carla Cornejo. Originally created as an online tool to help restaurant owners run their businesses, Prepshift is also a technical assistance partner to the City of Boston, City of Cambridge, and other entities. Irene Li is the daughter of medical scientist Frederick Pei Li and granddaughter of military general Li Hanhun. Along with her sister Margaret, she is the co-author of Perfectly Good Food from W.W. Norton.

text:
# Irene Li

**Irene Shiang Li** is a Boston-based chef and restaurateur and a winner of a 2022 James Beard Leadership Award. The youngest person to win the award (32), Li is also a six time finalist in the Rising Star Chef category.

A self taught chef, Li founded Mei Mei as a food truck, Mei Mei Street Kitchen, with brother Andrew and sister Margaret in 2012. Mei Mei means little sister in Mandarin. They opened Mei Mei Restaurant a year later in 2013, and Mei Mei now operates as a dumpling company, teaching virtual classes and selling packaged dumplings at farmers markets with their headquarters in South Boston. During COVID-19, Li co-founded Project Restore Us with Marena Lin, Lily Huang and Tracy Chang, which is a nonprofit that sought to use the restaurant supply chain to help feed immigrant and working-class families.

In 2022, Irene co-founded Prepshift, a coaching, consulting, and workforce training business with Dylan Gully and Carla Cornejo. Originally created as an online tool to help restaurant owners run their businesses, Prepshift is also a technical assistance partner to the City of Boston, City of Cambridge, and other entities.

Irene Li is the daughter of medical scientist Frederick Pei Li and granddaughter of military general Li Hanhun. Along with her sister Margaret, she is the co-author of *Perfectly Good Food* from W.W. Norton.

1. Mitchell, Jack (March 17, 2022). "Boston chef and restaurant owner Irene Li wins James Beard Award for leadership". WBUR News. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
2. "Irene Shiang Li". *Irene Shiang Li*. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
3. "Chef Irene Li of Boston-based Mei Mei shifted the business to dumpling making amid the pandemic; 10 years after founding it with her siblings, Li sees growth and recognition". MassLive. April 28, 2022. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
4. "IRENE LI Co-founder of Mei Mei and Prepshift". *James Beard Foundation*. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
5. "prepshift". *prepshift*. Retrieved 2023-08-28.
6. Goodyear, Dana (2023-07-31). "The Sisters Behind the Fridge-Cleanout Dinner". *The New Yorker*. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved 2023-11-19.


title: Nyctemera tenompoka

abstract: Nyctemera tenompoka is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Jeremy Daniel Holloway in 1988. It is found on Borneo. The habitat consists of secondary montane forests and agricultural terraces on mountain slopes. The length of the forewings is about 21 mm.

text:
# Nyctemera tenompoka

***Nyctemera tenompoka*** is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Jeremy Daniel Holloway in 1988. It is found on Borneo. The habitat consists of secondary montane forests and agricultural terraces on mountain slopes.

The length of the forewings is about 21 mm.

## InfoBox

| *Nyctemera tenompoka* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Nyctemera* |
| Species: | ***N. tenompoka*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Nyctemera tenompoka***<br>Holloway, 1988 | |
|


title: Purna Daichapra

abstract: Purna Daichapra is a village of Nalbari district in Western Assam. This village is situated in the border of Nalbari and Kamrup District.

text:
# Purna Daichapra

**Purna Daichapra** (also known as Lahkar Para) is a village of Nalbari district in Western Assam. This village is situated in the border of Nalbari and Kamrup District.

## Culture

### Language

The primary language used in Purna Daichapra is Kamrupi, as in Nalbari district and Kamrup region.

### Festivals

Holi, Janmastami, Shivratri, etc. are celebrated with much fanfare. Vedic culture is widespread in day-to-day life. Many old temples, such as Daul Mandir and Hanuman Mandir, can be found in this area.

## Education

There is a high school in Purna Daichapra named P B Lahkar Para High School and a lower primary School named Lahkar Para Pateswari LPS.

## Transport

The village is well connected to Nalbari and Gauhati by regular buses, trekkers and other privately owned vehicles in north and accessible through Dimu-Baharghat road.

## Notable people

* "Official District Website".

## InfoBox

| Purna Daichapra Lahkar Para | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Purna DaichapraLocation in Assam, IndiaPurna DaichapraPurna Daichapra (India) | |
| Coordinates: 26°25′N 91°26′E / 26.42°N 91.43°E / 26.42; 91.43 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Assam |
| Region | Western Assam |
| District | Nalbari |
| Government | |
| Type | Panchayati raj (India) |
| Body | Gram panchayat |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 400 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Assamese |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Postal Index Number | 781350 |
| Telephone code | 03624 |
| Vehicle registration | AS-14-XXXX |
| Website | nalbari.nic.in |