title: Richard D. Arvey

abstract: Richard D. Arvey is an American psychology professor.

text:
# Richard D. Arvey

**Richard D. Arvey** is an American psychology professor.

## Biography

Arvey received a Bachelor of Arts degree in psychology in 1966 from Occidental College. He then attended University of Minnesota to study industrial psychology, earning a master's degree in 1968 and a doctorate in 1970.

Arvey has studied and consulted on issues involving employee selection, which helped him develop physical ability tests for selecting police and firefighter recruits for the City of Minneapolis. He also investigates the genetic influences of work behavior, such as job satisfaction and leadership, based on data from the Minnesota Twin Registry. In one study, Arvey et al. found that approximately 30% of the variance in leadership is genetically influenced while environmental factors contribute to the remaining differences.

He has researched factors determining work continuance in lottery winners and found that people who won more money and people who thought work was more important in a person's life were more likely to continue working.

In 1995, he was a signatory of a collective statement in response to *The Bell Curve* titled *Mainstream Science on Intelligence*, written by *Intelligence* editor Linda Gottfredson and published in the *Wall Street Journal*.

He currently teaches MBA Students and guides Research Candidates at the National University of Singapore (NUS) Business School in Singapore.

## Publications

* Arvey RD. *Fairness in Selecting Employees*, Addison-Wesley, 1979; revised ed., 1988. ISBN 0-201-00070-9
* Arvey RD, Jockin V, McGue M. Perceived victimization moderates self-reports of workplace aggression and conflict. *Journal of Applied Psychology*
* Arvey RD, Liao H, Butler R. Prediction of work injury frequency and duration among firefighters. *Journal of Occupational Health Psychology* 2001.
* Arvey RD, Campion J. Being there: Writing the highly cited article. *Personnel Psychology*, 1999.
* Arvey RD, McCall B, Cavanaugh M. Genetic influences on job and occupational switching. *Journal of Vocational Behavior*, 1997.
* Arvey RD, Yang H, Sackett P. Statistical power and costs in training evaluation: Some new considerations. *Personnel Psychology*.
* Arvey RD, Cole D, Maxwell S, Salas E. How the power of MANOVA can both increase and decrease as a function of the intercorrelations among the dependent variable. *Psychological Bulletin*, 1994.
* Arvey RD, Landon T, Nutting S, Maxwell S. The Development of Physical Ability Tests for Police Officers: a construct validation approach. *Journal of Applied Psychology*, 1992.
* Arvey RD, Bouchard T, Segal N, Abraham L. Job Satisfaction: Environmental and Genetic Components. *Journal of Applied Psychology*, 1992.
* Arvey RD, Campion J. The Employment Interview: A Summary and Review of Recent Research. *Personnel Psychology*, 1982.
* Arvey RD, Ivancevich J. Punishment in Organizations: A Review, Propositions and Research Suggestions. *Academy of Management Review*, 1980.
* Colarelli, S. M. & Arvey, R.A. (Eds.) (2015). *Biological Foundations of Organizational Behavior*. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

## InfoBox

| Richard David Arvey | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | United States |
| Alma mater | Occidental College (BA)<br>University of Minnesota (MA, PhD) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Institutions | National University of Singapore |
|  | |


title: Panaqolus claustellifer

abstract: Panaqolus claustellifer is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Takutu River and the Branco River in Brazil and Guyana. The species reaches 6.2 cm SL. While not described until 2016, it was known to aquarists before its formal description. In the aquarium trade, it is typically referred to either as the blood-red tiger pleco or by one of its two associated L-numbers, which are L-306 and LDA-064. Its specific epithet means "keyhole-bearing" in Latin, referring to the distinctive markings present on the species' snout.

text:
# Panaqolus claustellifer

***Panaqolus claustellifer*** is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Takutu River and the Branco River in Brazil and Guyana. The species reaches 6.2 cm (2.4 inches) SL. While not described until 2016, it was known to aquarists before its formal description. In the aquarium trade, it is typically referred to either as the **blood-red tiger pleco** or by one of its two associated L-numbers, which are L-306 and LDA-064. Its specific epithet means "keyhole-bearing" in Latin, referring to the distinctive markings present on the species' snout.

## InfoBox

| *Panaqolus claustellifer* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Siluriformes |
| Family: | Loricariidae |
| Genus: | *Panaqolus* |
| Species: | ***P. claustellifer*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Panaqolus claustellifer***<br>Tan, Souza & Armbruster, 2016 | |
|


title: Renegade of Callisto

abstract: Renegade of Callisto is a science fantasy novel by American writer Lin Carter, the eighth and last in his Callisto series. It was first published in paperback by Dell Books in August 1978, and reprinted once, in November of the same year. A tribute to Edgar Rice Burroughs's The Chessmen of Mars, the book introduces the game of Darza, Carter's equivalent of Jetan. An appendix details the rules.

text:
# Renegade of Callisto

***Renegade of Callisto*** is a science fantasy novel by American writer Lin Carter, the eighth and last in his Callisto series. It was first published in paperback by Dell Books in August 1978, and reprinted once, in November of the same year. A tribute to Edgar Rice Burroughs's *The Chessmen of Mars*, the book introduces the game of Darza, Carter's equivalent of Jetan (Martian Chess). An appendix ("Darza, The Chess Game of Callisto") details the rules.

## Plot summary

In the final adventure set on the Jovian moon Callisto, or Thanator, three comrades of series hero Jandar are lost in a damaged airship. Jungle boy Taran, Yathoon warrior Koja and their pet othode Fido, drift away from the city of Shondakar into the plains ruled by the insectoid Yathoon hordes.

Taken captive by one of the hordes, they meet fellow prisoner Xara, princess of Ganatol, waylaid on her way to Shondakar to secure an alliance against the mercantile Perushtar city-states.

Koja and Borak, another Yathoon prisoner, escape and find sanctuary with Koja's own horde, while Taran and Xara are saved by another airship sent by Jandar to locate the missing protagonists. Xara falls in love with Vandar, the ship's captain. Unfortunately, rescued and rescuers are quickly retaken by the Yathoon and carried away to Sargol, the hidden capital of all the insectoid hordes.

Koja, who has reassumed the leadership he once held over his own horde, is there as well. He challenges the Yathoon emperor to a duel for the right to rule the combined hordes. The contest takes the form of a game of Darza (Thanatorian chess), utilizing as pieces live players who must fight to the death. Taran, Xara and Valkar become some of Koja's "pieces."

The game is interrupted by Fido and other othodes, and Koja and the emperor end up fighting singly. Koja is triumphant, becoming the new emperor of the hordes, and his human companions are saved. Jandar shows up in the denouement to help celebrate and take the protagonists home to Shondakar.

## Unwritten sequels

In his introduction to *Callisto, Volume I* (2001), the ebook edition of the first two Callisto novels, John Gregory Betancourt, adopting Carter's teasing pretense that the books represent the true memoirs of protagonist Jonathan Dark, alleges the existence of further Dark manuscripts, including one titled *The Ice Kingdom of Callisto*, left in the hands of Carter's literary executor, Robert M. Price. Price himself notes elsewhere that Carter actually did project seven additional volumes in the series with the working titles *Sword-Master of Callisto*, *Xara of Callisto*, *Warrior Girl of Callisto*, *Ice Kingdom of Callisto*, *Kaldar of Callisto*, *Lost Prince of Callisto*, and *Zamara of Callisto*. He gives no indication any of these were actually written, however, or even plotted in any detail past *Sword-Master*.

## Reception

According to Den Valdron, assessing the series in *ERBzine*, "it reads as inferior Barsoom." *Renegade* he views as "somewhat of a recovery" from the previous two weak entries, and finds it "acceptable, even good."

## InfoBox

Renegade of Callisto
| Cover of the first edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Lin Carter |
| Cover artist | Ken W. Kelly |
| Language | English |
| Series | Callisto series |
| Genre | Science fantasy |
| Publisher | Dell Books |
| Publication date | 1978 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (Paperback) |
| Pages | 218 |
| ISBN | 0-440-14377-2 |
| Preceded by | *Ylana of Callisto* |


title: Jimena de la Frontera

abstract: Jimena de la Frontera is a historic town and municipality located in the province of Cádiz, Spain. According to estimates made by the National Statistics Institute of Spain (INE), the municipality has a population of 6,707 inhabitants as of 2020. The municipality contains three major towns, Jimena de la Frontera, Los Ángeles and San Pablo de Buceite. Other towns include Montenegral Alto and Marchenilla. It is situated in the eastern part of the province, on the  A-405  road. It is located near Málaga, practically being the border between the provinces of Málaga and Cádiz. Its location between the Serranía de Ronda and the Bay of Algeciras preserves one of the most important Mediterranean forest spots in southern Europe: the Alcornocales Natural Park. Almost two thirds of the municipality belong to the park.

text:
# Jimena de la Frontera

**Jimena de la Frontera** is a historic town and municipality located in the province of Cádiz, Spain. According to estimates made by the National Statistics Institute of Spain (INE), the municipality has a population of 6,707 inhabitants as of 2020. The municipality contains three major towns, Jimena de la Frontera, Los Ángeles and San Pablo de Buceite. Other towns include Montenegral Alto and Marchenilla.

It is situated in the eastern part of the province, on the  **A-405**  (San Roque-Ronda) road. It is located near Málaga, practically being the border between the provinces of Málaga and Cádiz. Its location between the Serranía de Ronda and the Bay of Algeciras preserves one of the most important Mediterranean forest spots in southern Europe: the Alcornocales Natural Park. Almost two thirds of the municipality belong to the park.

## History

### Origins

The existence of caves and natural shelters with abundant remains and cave paintings throughout the Campo de Gibraltar indicates the existence of human settlements that date back to the Palaeolithic. Jimena de la Frontera is no exception, with the paintings of Laja Alta, with unique maritime scenes from the Bronze Age in the Iberian Peninsula.

The ancient Phoenician city of Oba, known for its minting of coins in the Libyan-Phoenician alphabet, is usually identified with Jimena. In the castle, epigraphs have been found with the text: *res publica Obensis*. This name was used during Roman times. During this period, Jimena flourished as a commercial and strategic center. According to local tradition, the great-grandfather of Mark Antony was born here. The location of the town, sheltered by hills but reasonably close to the Strait of Gibraltar, meant that its strategic functionality was exploited by the different peoples that have populated it. Thus, after the fall of the Roman Empire, the site served as a defensive post over the Strait of Gibraltar for the Visigoths, who lost it to Byzantine hands in the 6th century. According to a local legend, the great-grandfather of Mark Antony was born here.

The arrival of the Muslims in the 8th century did not alter this situation. The conquerors carried out a series of actions to reinforce the enclave, already called Xemina (from which the Christian name of Ximena and later Jimena would derive), building a new fortification. The town was in the hands of the Marinids, until 1319, when Ismail I gave it, along with other cities, to the Nasrid kingdom of Granada in exchange for help against Christian advances.

### After the Reconquista

It remained at the frontier position of the Nasrid kingdom (hence its name of *de la Frontera)* until 1431, when it was conquered during the Reconquista by Pedro García de Herrera, Marshal of Castile, under the reign of Juan II of Castile, who took the town on March 11. Its border situation was not stable, since it made it change hands between Muslims and Christians during the 15th century on some occasions. In 1451 it returned to Nasrid power, until in 1456, Enrique IV conquered it definitively, handing it over to Beltrán de la Cueva, beginning the rebuilding and repopulation of the town during the last third of the 15th century. Finally in 1510 it went to the Casa de Medina Sidonia, sold by its previous lords, the Dukes of Alburquerque. A few years later, the troops formed in this city participated in the taking of Granada under the command of Rodrigo Ponce de León, for which the Catholic Monarchs gave the town the title of *Loyalty* in 1493, and later, in 1498, *Royal Charter*.

The end of the conflicts makes the town lose its military condition in favor of other more productive activities such as agriculture, especially cereal and legumes, cattle ranching and the exploitation of forests, which report abundant amounts to the Duchy of Medina Sidonia. A consequence of the economic development is the growth of the population, which begins to settle outside the walled enclosure. In the seventeenth century, disputes began with the Duke of Medina Sidonia to obtain freedom from the manorial system, although without any result.

The loss of Gibraltar in the 18th century once again transformed Jimena into a military enclave, this time in a fight with the English. Felipe V granted him in 1717 the dictate of Faithful for his attitude during the War of the Spanish Succession. At the end of the century the second blast furnace began to be built, along the banks of the Hozgarganta River, which supplied the warlike needs of the area. The company was maintained as long as these circumstances persisted, but the high costs and the site of Gibraltar ended its existence.

### Modern history

The Spanish War of Independence has Jimena as the scene of battles, with disastrous consequences, human losses and local historical heritage (such as the loss of municipal archives during the French invasion).

After this conflict, the 19th century passed between shocks, such as Riego's pronouncement in 1820, carried out in Jimena by the "Prince" Battalion, one of the first to rise up and based in the town. Apart from this, two events determined the development of the town: the decree of suppression of the manors in 1837, which led to the independence of the ducal power and the appointment of the city by King Alfonso XII of Spain in 1879.

The initial consideration of San Pablo de Buceite and San Martín del Tesorillo as towns must be specifically sought in 1869, when the estates of Buceite and Montenegral Bajo were sold, where these population centers were integrated, by the Duke of Medina Sidonia to the Marquis of Larios.

Between 1875 and 1879 the Rural Colonies of Buceite and Tesorillo were established. At the end of the last century, in 1887, the properties of the heirs of the Marquis de Larios became part of the Guadiaro Industrial and Agricultural Society, beginning to be called San Pablo de Buceite and San Martín del Tesorillo.

In the 1930s, the Sociedad Industrial y Agrícola de Guadiaro (*Guadiaro Industrial and Agricultural Society*) was bought by Juan March Ordinas, a Mallorcan businessman and banker (Banca March), who in 1944 decided to disintegrate the large estate to pass into the hands of small owners that remain to this day.

During the Civil War and the subsequent Francoism there was an important repression in the town, especially with the destruction of La Sauceda.

In 2018, after 20 years, the Junta de Andalucía approved the segregation of San Martín del Tesorillo. Today, Jimena's population of around 7,000 has been made up of an increasing number of British ex-pats.

The town is served by road and rail. The main road stretches north to Ronda, and south to San Roque. The railway station is situated just outside the town in nearby Los Ángeles. Several trains a day stop at Jimena on the line between Algeciras and Granada.

## Castle

The castle was built on the hill by the Moors around 750 CE. as part of making Jimena a strategic military position, today it is known as Castle of Jimena de la Frontera. Views stretch as far Gibraltar to the south. It is believed that the castle was built on Roman ruins, constructed using locally sourced limestone.

It was declared an asset of cultural interest with the category of *Monument* in 1931, it is the emblematic building par excellence of the town. The fortress, probably built on the ruins of the ancient city of Oba and which, due to its easy defense and strategic location, especially in times of Muslim domination and above all, due to its border position, will reach its maximum splendor.

The castle was taken by the Jerezan people in 1430, reconquered by the Granadines in 1451 and definitively integrated into the Crown in 1456.

Inside there is a cemetery with two mass graves from the Civil War.

It consists of an elongated irregular wall to adapt to the terrain at the top. With watchtowers arranged in sections, the set of the Torre del Reloj (or Albarrán) stands out, with a bent entrance arch and cisterns from different periods.

The Alcázar also stands out, renovated after the Christian capture, with its airy and circular keep, which inside hides a previous one with a polygonal plan.

## Monuments

Declared a historical artistic complex in 1983 by the State and ratified by the Junta de Andalucía's 84/2004 decree, the artistic and monumental heritage of Jimena de la Frontera is extensive:

### Civil monuments

* **Cave paintings at the La Laja Alta Cave**, where you can see a sample of prehistoric art.

La Laja Alta is a shelter at the bottom of the Garganta de Gamero, on a siliceous sandstone slope, with cave paintings of schematic art. Anthropomorphic figures, quadrupeds, geometric motifs, symbols and a complete naval scene in the lower part are situated on the walls: with red and black strokes made with the fingers, with eight ships whose shapes, varied in size and elements of navigation, dates it possibly prior to 4000 BCE. This cave is the only one where maritime scenes with groups of ships are represented.

There are archaeological remains of a Byzantine necropolis near San Pablo de Buceite, where funerary remains and coins have been found. In the 1950s a Byzantine tomb was found on the Los Zarzales hill and inside there was a clay pot and a bronze oil lamp, of Byzantine origin, which can be placed chronologically between the 6th and 7th centuries. The lamp is in the Municipal Museum of San Roque.

* **Baño de la Reina Mora** (*Bath of the Moorish Queen)***:**

Behind the castle, there are remains on the ground, probably of a Mozarabic church carved out of living rock. The Baño de la Reina Mora is shaped like a bath, the reasoning behind its name. Most likely, it was a life-size font for a baptism by immersion, a very common practice among early Christians.

* **Royal Artillery Factory:**

The Royal Artillery Factory built in the 18th century can be considered as the second Andalusian blast furnace, with the other one being located at Cartajima. They arise from the efforts made by Eduardo Boyetet who proposed the idea of smelting weapons in the area to King Charles III in 1761. An iron mine was near San Pablo de Buceite, whose production would supply raw material to the Royal Artillery Factory and wood (for fuel) would come from the existing forest masses. The bellows were moved by the water carried by the canal. Its foundry, which didn't prosper until 1777 and was abandoned in 1788, was designed to cover the supply to the Indies, took on the needs arising from Gibraltar, where most of its production was destined. There are remains of a factory that didn't operate on known as *La Fábrica de las Bombas* (the Bomb Factory) on the banks of the Guadiaro River. On the banks of the Hozgarganta, on La Pasada de Alcalá, there are more significant remains, such as the main wall. The absence of a continuous and sufficient flow from the river sentenced its abandonment. The channel, about 600 metres (2,000 ft) long and 4 metres (13 ft) wide, reaches a depth of 5 metres (16 ft) in some areas. The canal is built with sturdy stonework, sometimes dug out of the rock itself. It became operational in April 1780, coinciding with the Great Siege of Gibraltar.

* **"La Sauceda" House of Memory**, to commemorate the atrocities that occurred at El Marrufo during the Civil War.

### Religious monuments

The Sanctuary of Our Lady Queen of Angels (Spanish: Santuario de Nuestra Señora Reina de los Ángeles) is located two kilometers from the center of the municipality. It was built at the end of the 15th century and renovated during the 17th century. It housed a community of Franciscans and, after the taking of Gibraltar by the English, it served as a refuge for the Poor Claires that fled from the Rock. The church of the Sanctuary consists of a single barrel-vaulted nave with lunettes, which leads to the main chapel and is closed by a dome on horns and a high choir at the foot. The sacristy and the cloister are noteworthy, a square plan with arches and brick pillars, with a garden in the center. The Virgin's alcove is in the Baroque style and her icon, is made of painted stone and seems very primitive. As with most Marian icons, tradition tells that it was carved by Saint Luke and brought from Antioch to Spain in 190 CE.

It's an isolated bell tower in the Plaza de la Constitución and is the only remaining part of the church of Nuestra Señora la Coronada (Our Lady Crowned). The first reference we have of La Coronada is in a book by Fray Jerónimo de la Concepción, published in the Spanish Netherlands in 1690. In 1736 the diocesan archives stated that the church already showed disrepair, and after its demolition in 1946 the bell tower remained as the only remaining piece of its existence. It is a prismatic tower with two bodies, the lower one a sturdy parallelepiped with an interior spiral staircase to access the upper body, with four openings.

* **Church of Our Lady of Victory:**

The Church of Our Lady of Victory, or the old Convent of Saint Anne (Spanish: Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de la Victoria) has two naves and is attached to the old Minim convent. The Minims settled in the place c.1600, taking over the previous chapel dedicated to Saint Anne. It is very modern, with an airy bell tower, a simple front and an outdoor patio. The two strangely articulated naves attached to the rectory seem to be part of the old structure. The church owes its current name to the patron saint of Málaga, Our Lady of Victory (during the Siege of Málaga by the Catholic Monarchs, they received a Marian icon from Emperor Maximilian of Austria, which they promptly gave the name "Victory").

* **Church of Mercy:**

At the top the town and close to the Castle, there are remains of a Gothic church (the Iglesia de la Misericordia): the walls, the vault, with stone ribs and brickwork, as well as the central pointed arch. This church with a single nave was likely renovated during the 16th century, given the Renaissance details that it has, such as the Ionic capitals on the semi-columns of the interior, on which arches rest. It stands out due to the façade, with a straight lintel and recessed pilasters, and the pointed arches at the bottom. It now serves a tourist office.

* **Chapel of Solace:**

The Ermita del Consuelo is an old chapel, in the center of Jimena. It is a deconsecrated building with a brick façade and a semicircular arch.

## Geography

Jimena de la Frontera is located in the north of an expanse of fertile plains bordered on the south by the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Located in the heart of the Los Alcornocales Natural Park and perched on a hill, the *Cerro de San Cristóbal*, the municipality has a large variety of landscapes.

Jimena de la Frontera enjoys a moderate Mediterranean climate. There are 3,000 hours of sunshine per year, which contributes to average temperatures of between 18 and 20 °C (64 and 68 °F). However, the rainfall pattern differs significantly from the rest of southern Spain, due to the topography of the Strait of Gibraltar region, which is swept by east and west winds that bring humidity and, therefore, rainfall averaging 900 to 1,000 mm (35 to 39 in).

For this reason, rivers that have a regular flow – in contrast to the discontinuous flow of many Andalusian rivers on the Mediterranean side – are of great importance. Three of such rivers flow through the municipality: the Guadiaro, a river from the province of Málaga, which ends its course in the province of Cádiz, and the Guadarranque, a river that rises in Jimena de la Frontera. The most important river, however, is the Hozgarganta, which flows into the Guadiaro shortly before its mouth. It flows through the urban centre of Jimena and is characterised by its unregulated wildness. The river has a well-preserved fauna and flora, and is covered in places by a gallery forest; and is one of the last untouched rivers in Spain.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | 9,109 |  |
| 2002 | 9,200 | +1.0% |
| 2004 | 9,754 | +6.0% |
| 2006 | 9,893 | +1.4% |
| 2008 | 10,330 | +4.4% |
| 2010 | 10,440 | +1.1% |
| 2011 | 10,447 | +0.1% |
| 2012 | 10,480 | +0.3% |
| 2013 | 10,412 | −0.6% |
| 2014 | 9,710 | −6.7% |
| 2015 | 9,772 | +0.6% |
| 2016 | 9,756 | −0.2% |
| 2017 | 9,685 | −0.7% |
| 2018 | 9,773 | +0.9% |
| 2019 | 6,591 | −32.6% |
| 2020 | 6,707 | +1.8% |
| 2021 | 6,665 | −0.6% |
| 2022 | 6,681 | +0.2% |
| Source: INE (Spain) | | |

## Festivals

* Town Carnival - February (March in 2019)
* Agricultural Fair - Second week of May
* Annual Village Fair - Second week of August
* Devotion to the Reina de los Angeles - First week of September
* Festival de Música de Jimena de la Frontera\- Second week of July

## InfoBox

| Jimena de la Frontera | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality and Town | |
| View of Jimena from one of the fields surrounding it. | |
|  | |
| Jimena de la FronteraLocation in the Province of CádizJimena de la FronteraJimena de la Frontera (Andalusia)Jimena de la FronteraJimena de la Frontera (Spain) | |
| Coordinates: 36°26′N 5°27′W / 36.433°N 5.450°W / 36.433; -5.450 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Andalusia |
| Province | Cádiz |
| Comarca | Campo de Gibraltar |
| Municipality | Jimena de la Frontera |
| First settled | 8th century BCE |
| Government | |
| **Mayor** | Francisco José Gómez Pérez (IU) |
| Area | |
| Total | 345.66 km2 (133.46 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 99 m (325 ft) |
| Population (2022) | |
| Total | 6,681 |
| Density | 19/km2 (50/sq mi) |
| Demonym(s) | Jimenato, ta |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 11330
11339 (Los Ángeles) |
| Dialing code | (+34) 956 |
| Website | jimenadelafrontera.es |


title: Ralph Stevenson (American football)

abstract: Ralph Lee Stevenson was an American football guard. A native of Ponca City, Oklahoma, he played college football for Oklahoma. He was a member of the 1938 Oklahoma Sooners football team that was undefeated in the regular season. He was selected by the Cleveland Rams in the 18th round of the 1940 NFL draft. He appeared in three NFL games. He died at age 70 in Norman, Oklahoma.

text:
# Ralph Stevenson (American football)

**Ralph Lee Stevenson** (April 11, 1917  July 7, 1987) was an American football guard. A native of Ponca City, Oklahoma, he played college football for Oklahoma. He was a member of the 1938 Oklahoma Sooners football team that was undefeated in the regular season. He was selected by the Cleveland Rams in the 18th round of the 1940 NFL draft. He appeared in three NFL games. He died at age 70 in Norman, Oklahoma.

## InfoBox

Ralph Stevenson
| Stevenson in 1938 | |
| --- | --- |
| No. 4 | |
| Position: | Guard |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1917-04-11)April 11, 1917
Ponca City, Oklahoma, U.S. |
| Died: | July 7, 1987(1987-07-07) (aged 70)
Norman, Oklahoma, U.S. |
| Height: | 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) |
| Weight: | 196 lb (89 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Ponca City (OK) |
| College: | Oklahoma |
| NFL draft: | 1940 / round: 18 / pick: 165 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Nameisis

abstract: Nameisis or Namejs was a Semigallian duke in the second half of the 13th century. He ruled in the western part of Semigallia, with his capital at Tērvete. In 1279–81, he led a Semigallian uprising against the Livonian Order, a crusading military order. Very little is known about his life. He is mentioned only in the Livonian Rhymed Chronicle and in some documents from the 14th century. For this reason he is sometimes referred as semi legendary ruler in Latvian historiography. Nameisis was mentioned for the first time in 1272 when he was one of Semigallian nobles who signed a peace treaty with the Livonian Order and the Archbishop of Riga. In 1279, after the crusader defeat in the Battle of Aizkraukle, Nameisis led a Semigallian revolt against the crusaders. Nameisis made an alliance with Traidenis, Grand Duke of Lithuania, recognizing him as his suzerain, and managed to defeat the Livonian garrison in the Tērvete castle. In short time, Semigallians captured other castles and the crusaders were forced to leave Semigallia, except the Mežotne hillfort. In summer 1279, the crusaders made several attempts to conquer back their lost positions. They pillaged lands around Dobele and Tērvete but were unable to conquer the castles. In autumn 1280, Nameisis attacked Riga, the main crusader stronghold. The attack failed because the crusaders managed to summon a great force of their Latgalian allies and set up defensive positions in front of the city. However, the Semigallians managed to capture several prisoners, including order's marshal who was sent to duke Traidenis and eventually killed in Kernave. In 1281, the Livonian army again attacked the Dobele Castle but, with the help of the Lithuanians, were defeated. In the autumn, a united crusader army attacked Tērvete with war machines. The Semigallians were unable to resist such a force and Nameisis signed a new peace treaty with the Livonian Order. According to the treaty, the Semigallians were forced to pay a tribute and accept German judges but kept their castles and lands. After the treaty, Nameisis went to Lithuania to fight crusaders in Christburg, East Prussia together with duke Traidenis. Since there is no mention of Nameisis after that, it is presumed that he was killed there.

text:
# Nameisis

**Nameisis** or **Namejs** (also Nameise, Nameyxe) was a Semigallian duke in the second half of the 13th century. He ruled in the western part of Semigallia, with his capital at Tērvete (present-day Latvia). In 1279–81, he led a Semigallian uprising against the Livonian Order, a crusading military order. Very little is known about his life. He is mentioned only in the Livonian Rhymed Chronicle and in some documents from the 14th century. For this reason he is sometimes referred as semi legendary ruler in Latvian historiography.

Nameisis was mentioned for the first time in 1272 when he was one of Semigallian nobles who signed a peace treaty with the Livonian Order and the Archbishop of Riga.

In 1279, after the crusader defeat in the Battle of Aizkraukle, Nameisis led a Semigallian revolt against the crusaders. Nameisis made an alliance with Traidenis, Grand Duke of Lithuania, recognizing him as his suzerain, and managed to defeat the Livonian garrison in the Tērvete castle. In short time, Semigallians captured other castles and the crusaders were forced to leave Semigallia, except the Mežotne hillfort.

In summer 1279, the crusaders made several attempts to conquer back their lost positions. They pillaged lands around Dobele and Tērvete but were unable to conquer the castles. In autumn 1280, Nameisis attacked Riga, the main crusader stronghold. The attack failed because the crusaders managed to summon a great force of their Latgalian allies and set up defensive positions in front of the city. However, the Semigallians managed to capture several prisoners, including order's marshal who was sent to duke Traidenis and eventually killed in Kernave.

In 1281, the Livonian army again attacked the Dobele Castle but, with the help of the Lithuanians, were defeated. In the autumn, a united crusader army (about 14,000 men) attacked Tērvete with war machines. The Semigallians were unable to resist such a force and Nameisis signed a new peace treaty with the Livonian Order. According to the treaty, the Semigallians were forced to pay a tribute and accept German judges but kept their castles and lands.

After the treaty, Nameisis went to Lithuania to fight crusaders in Christburg, East Prussia together with duke Traidenis. Since there is no mention of Nameisis after that, it is presumed that he was killed there.

## Sources

* Atskaņu chronika. Ditleba Alnpeķes “Rīmju chronika” / Atdzejojis Jēkabs Saiva. R. Klaustiņa ievads un piezīmes. - R., 1936
* Das Zeugenverhör des Franciscus de Moliano (1312) / Bearbeitet von A.Seraphim. - Königsberg i. Pr., 1912.
* Dunsdorfs E. Latvijas vēsture. - Lincoln (Nebraska), 1980

## InfoBox

| Nameisis | |
| --- | --- |
| *Duke of Semigallia* | |
| Painting of Nameisis by Ludolfs Liberts in Riga Castle, 1936 | |
| Reign | 1270s – 1281 |
| Born | 13th century |
| Died | After 1281 |


title: Middlethorpe Hall

abstract: Middlethorpe Hall is a 17th-century English country house standing in 20 acres (8 ha) of grounds in Middlethorpe, York, North Yorkshire. It is a perfectly symmetrical red brick and stone house built in 1699 and since 2008 has been owned by The National Trust. It is currently used as a hotel.

text:
# Middlethorpe Hall

**Middlethorpe Hall** is a 17th-century English country house standing in 20 acres (8 ha) of grounds in Middlethorpe, York, North Yorkshire. It is a perfectly symmetrical red brick and stone house built in 1699 and since 2008 has been owned by The National Trust. It is currently used as a hotel.

## Description

The house is quite close to the road which is unusual for its architectural standard. Like many grand houses of the time, it is influenced indirectly by Sir Christopher Wren, especially Hampton Court Palace with a similar horizontal skyline and pattern of red brick, white sash windows and stone quoins and window surrounds. The north entrance front of seven bays and three storeys plus a basement is surrounded by a stone eagle, the Barlow family crest. The pedimented porch over the front door is an early 19th-century addition and the curved railings and gates enclosing the forecourt were added in 1983.

The south front, the main facade of the house, is surmounted by a raised stone parapet of three panels containing carved festoons and crowned by another stone eagle. It is more impressive than the north front because of the flanking wings added in the mid 18th century by Francis Barlow. The bays of these single storey additions are divided by pilasters with well carved composite capitals and are surmounted by a balustraded parapet.

The front door leads straight into the stone-flagged entrance hall, as in a medieval house. Beyond to the south is a carved oak staircase with fluted and foliated balusters, a York motif, standing on steps with scrolled panelled ends. The staircase is supported by a Corinthian column and may have been moved at some point. The floor is paved with black and white marble squares. There is a panelled drawing room leading to an enormous ballroom occupying the western of the two wings added c.1750. The dining room dates from the original period and has round head panels flanked by Ionic pilasters.

## History

The house was built in c.1699–1701 for Thomas Barlow, a prosperous master cutler who bought the Middlethorpe estate in 1698 as a bid to establish himself as a country gentleman. In 1712 Thomas Barlow and his son Francis went on the grand tour and let the house to Lady Mary Wortley Montagu in their absence. Francis later served as High Sheriff of Yorkshire in 1734–36.

The house descended in the Barlow family to Frances Barlow, who married Manchester based physician Matthew Alexander Eason Wilkinson (1813–1878) and moved away. Frances Wilkinson died after a brief marriage but her husband and his second wife Louisa Letitia, *née* Walker (c.1826–1889) lived at the hall with their six children. The gardens at Middlethorpe Hall are credited with inspiring the career of their daughter Fanny Wilkinson, the first professional female landscape designer in Britain.

For most of the 19th and early 20th century the house remained in the Wilkinson family but was let to various tenants. From 1851 it was occupied by a girls' boarding school for 30 years. In 1972 it became "Brummels" night club.

In 1980 it was acquired by Historic House Hotels, who improved and restored the grounds and outbuildings with hundreds of trees planted and the addition of a ha-ha and lake. A dilapidated late 17th-century dovecote was restored, the kitchen garden was replanted, and stable buildings were converted and extended for additional hotel accommodation.

The Hall and grounds were then gifted to the National Trust by the directors of Historic House Hotels (HHH). The hall continues its present use as a hotel under the existing HHH management. Three National Trust directors joined the HHH board and all profits will go to Trust funds to provide for the long-term care of the house. The gift had been under discussion for almost 30 years and in 1997 the National Trust accepted restrictive covenants over the property.

Trustees of the National Trust completed the transfer deal in September 2008 by declaring the Hall together with two other properties inalienable. It is envisaged that arrangements will be put in place for the gardens and grounds of the hall to be open to visitors, along with tours of the ground floor rooms. Members of the Trust are of course welcome as hotel guests, as are members of the public.

53°55′50″N 1°05′24″W / 53.93060°N 1.08998°W / 53.93060; -1.08998

## InfoBox

| Middlethorpe Hall | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location within North Yorkshire | |
| General information | |
| Location | Bishopthorpe, York |
| Coordinates | 53°55′50″N 1°05′24″W / 53.93060°N 1.08998°W / 53.93060; -1.08998 |
| Owner | National Trust |
| Website | |
| www.middlethorpe.com | |
|  | |
| Listed Building – Grade II\* | |
| Designated | 14 June 1954 |
| Reference no. | 1259554 |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Monona County, Iowa

abstract: Monona County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,751. The county seat is Onawa.

text:
# Monona County, Iowa

**Monona County** is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,751. The county seat is Onawa.

## History

The area around present-day Onawa was a stopping point in 1804 for Meriwether Lewis and William Clark during their exploration of the newly obtained Louisiana Purchase. Many years later, that site was memorialized as the Lewis and Clark State Park.

Monona County was formed in 1851. It was perhaps named for an Indian word meaning "beautiful valley."

Monona County was organized officially in the spring of 1854 having been a part of Benton County (every county west of Benton in a line) in 1851 and afterwards Harrison County between 1852 and 1854.

When Ashton (originally called Bloomfield) was named the county seat in the fall of 1854, a log house served as the first courthouse. Ashton remained the county seat for only four years. That designation was moved to Onawa on April 5, 1858, and the first Monona County Courthouse was completed that same year.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 699 square miles (1,810 km2), of which 694 square miles (1,800 km2) is land and 4.9 square miles (13 km2) (0.7%) is water.

### Major highways

### Adjacent counties

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1860 | 832 |  |  |
| 1870 | 3,654 |  | 339.2% |
| 1880 | 9,055 |  | 147.8% |
| 1890 | 14,515 |  | 60.3% |
| 1900 | 17,980 |  | 23.9% |
| 1910 | 16,633 |  | −7.5% |
| 1920 | 17,125 |  | 3.0% |
| 1930 | 18,213 |  | 6.4% |
| 1940 | 18,238 |  | 0.1% |
| 1950 | 16,303 |  | −10.6% |
| 1960 | 13,916 |  | −14.6% |
| 1970 | 12,069 |  | −13.3% |
| 1980 | 11,692 |  | −3.1% |
| 1990 | 10,034 |  | −14.2% |
| 2000 | 10,020 |  | −0.1% |
| 2010 | 9,243 |  | −7.8% |
| 2020 | 8,751 |  | −5.3% |
| 2023 (est.) | 8,493 |  | −2.9% |
| U.S. Decennial Census
1790-1960 1900-1990
1990-2000 2010-2018 | | | |

### 2020 census

The 2020 census recorded a population of 8,751 in the county, with a population density of 12.5221/sq mi (4.83481/km2). 96.03% of the population reported being of one race. 90.33% were non-Hispanic White, 0.32% were Black, 2.70% were Hispanic, 1.67% were Native American, 0.32% were Asian, 0.02% were Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander and 4.64% were some other race or more than one race. There were 4,373 housing units, of which 3,839 were occupied.

### 2010 census

The 2010 census recorded a population of 9,243 in the county, with a population density of 13.3354/sq mi (5.14881/km2). There were 4,697 housing units, of which 4,050 were occupied.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 10,020 people, 4,211 households, and 2,737 families residing in the county. The population density was 14 people per square mile (5.4 people/km2). There were 4,660 housing units at an average density of 7 units per square mile (2.7 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 98.34% White, 0.08% Black or African American, 0.76% Native American, 0.12% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.08% from other races, and 0.58% from two or more races. 0.70% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 4,211 households, out of which 26.70% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.50% were married couples living together, 7.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.00% were non-families. 31.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.20% under the age of 18, 6.20% from 18 to 24, 23.30% from 25 to 44, 23.30% from 45 to 64, and 23.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.50 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $33,235, and the median income for a family was $41,172. Males had a median income of $27,349 versus $19,607 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,477. About 6.60% of families and 9.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.90% of those under age 18 and 9.50% of those age 65 or over.

## Communities

### Unincorporated communities

Ticonic

### Townships

### Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Monona County.

*county seat*

| Rank | City/Town/etc. | Population (2020 Census) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **Onawa** | 2,906 |
| 2 | **Mapleton** | 1,165 |
| 3 | **Whiting** | 745 |
| 4 | **Ute** | 338 |
| 5 | **Blencoe** | 233 |
| 6 | **Moorhead** | 199 |
| 7 | **Soldier** | 184 |
| 8 | **Castana** | 107 |
| 9 | **Turin** | 72 |
| 10 | **Rodney** | 45 |

## Politics

For over a century, Monona County was close to a national bellwether. Between 1900 & 2004, it only failed to back the national winner in 1960 & 1988. However, this bellwether status no longer applies. Barack Obama failed to carry the county in both of his electoral victories statewide & nationally, while Donald Trump in 2020 earned the highest percentage of any candidate since Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932, in spite of his unsuccessful reelection bid.

United States presidential election results for Monona County, Iowa
| Year | Republican | | Democratic | | Third party(ies) | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| **2020** | 3,248 | **68.70%** | 1,407 | 29.76% | 73 | 1.54% |
| **2016** | 3,120 | **68.24%** | 1,247 | 27.27% | 205 | 4.48% |
| **2012** | 2,557 | **53.92%** | 2,101 | 44.31% | 84 | 1.77% |
| **2008** | 2,411 | **50.26%** | 2,295 | 47.84% | 91 | 1.90% |
| **2004** | 2,575 | **51.32%** | 2,397 | 47.77% | 46 | 0.92% |
| **2000** | 2,304 | **50.53%** | 2,086 | 45.75% | 170 | 3.73% |
| **1996** | 1,674 | 39.50% | 1,952 | **46.06%** | 612 | 14.44% |
| **1992** | 1,660 | 34.23% | 1,939 | **39.99%** | 1,250 | 25.78% |
| **1988** | 2,068 | 46.05% | 2,408 | **53.62%** | 15 | 0.33% |
| **1984** | 2,746 | **55.37%** | 2,159 | 43.54% | 54 | 1.09% |
| **1980** | 3,268 | **61.85%** | 1,660 | 31.42% | 356 | 6.74% |
| **1976** | 2,636 | 49.09% | 2,661 | **49.55%** | 73 | 1.36% |
| **1972** | 3,237 | **58.91%** | 2,189 | 39.84% | 69 | 1.26% |
| **1968** | 2,980 | **53.12%** | 2,184 | 38.93% | 446 | 7.95% |
| **1964** | 2,208 | 35.69% | 3,971 | **64.18%** | 8 | 0.13% |
| **1960** | 3,863 | **54.64%** | 3,207 | 45.36% | 0 | 0.00% |
| **1956** | 3,854 | **52.47%** | 3,477 | 47.34% | 14 | 0.19% |
| **1952** | 4,849 | **62.29%** | 2,918 | 37.49% | 17 | 0.22% |
| **1948** | 3,179 | 43.28% | 4,098 | **55.79%** | 69 | 0.94% |
| **1944** | 3,583 | 48.64% | 3,761 | **51.06%** | 22 | 0.30% |
| **1940** | 4,192 | 46.63% | 4,783 | **53.20%** | 15 | 0.17% |
| **1936** | 3,008 | 35.39% | 5,346 | **62.89%** | 146 | 1.72% |
| **1932** | 2,181 | 27.92% | 5,537 | **70.88%** | 94 | 1.20% |
| **1928** | 3,745 | **56.55%** | 2,836 | 42.82% | 42 | 0.63% |
| **1924** | 3,195 | **50.94%** | 1,271 | 20.26% | 1,806 | 28.79% |
| **1920** | 4,569 | **69.49%** | 1,960 | 29.81% | 46 | 0.70% |
| **1916** | 1,777 | 47.87% | 1,910 | **51.45%** | 25 | 0.67% |
| **1912** | 1,109 | 29.00% | 1,358 | **35.51%** | 1,357 | 35.49% |
| **1908** | 1,977 | **52.58%** | 1,732 | 46.06% | 51 | 1.36% |
| **1904** | 2,274 | **64.80%** | 1,016 | 28.95% | 219 | 6.24% |
| **1900** | 2,161 | **51.53%** | 1,934 | 46.11% | 99 | 2.36% |
| **1896** | 1,526 | 36.86% | 2,558 | **61.79%** | 56 | 1.35% |

42°02′50″N 95°58′07″W / 42.04722°N 95.96861°W / 42.04722; -95.96861

## InfoBox

| Monona County | |
| --- | --- |
| County | |
| Monona County Courthouse | |
| Location within the U.S. state of Iowa | |
| Iowa's location within the U.S. | |
| Coordinates: 42°02′50″N 95°58′07″W / 42.047222222222°N 95.968611111111°W / 42.047222222222; -95.968611111111 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Iowa |
| Founded | 1851 |
| Seat | Onawa |
| Largest city | Onawa |
| Area | |
| Total | 699 sq mi (1,810 km2) |
| Land | 694 sq mi (1,800 km2) |
| Water | 4.9 sq mi (13 km2)  0.7% |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 8,751 |
| Density | 13/sq mi (4.8/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−6 (Central) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
| Congressional district | 4th |
| Website | www.mononacounty.org |


title: Filippo Rusuti

abstract: Filippo Rusuti, was an Italian painter, active in Rome between 1288 and 1297, and in Naples around 1320. Rusuti belonged, along with Jacopo Torriti and Pietro Cavallini, to the so-called Roman school active in the late thirteenth century. Early in his career he worked on the fresco decoration of the Upper Basilica of San Francesco d'Assisi, perhaps alongside or after Torriti. The work included some parts of the story of Genesis, in particular the creation of Adam and Eve and perhaps the construction of Noah's Ark. His only signed work is the upper register of the mosaic decoration of the old facade of the Roman church of Santa Maria Maggiore, where the presence of Cardinal Pietro Colonna allows dating of the mosaic between 1288 and 1297. Art historians believe that the lower register of the same mosaic, with the stories of the founding of the Santa Maria Liberiana, is to be considered an intervention a few years later by the followers of Rusuti based on his drawings. It was rebuilt for the presence of Rusuti in Poitiers, on the basis of a more careful reading of documents which attest to a Filippus Bizuti or rather Ruzuti in 1309, in 1316–17, in the service of the king of France, but perhaps also in the wake of a column at the papal court in Avignon. Around 1319 Rusuti went to Naples at the Angevins court following Cavallini for the fresco decoration of the church of Santa Maria Donna Regina Vecchia, where his figures are probably the Prophets. Still in Naples, around 1320 he created some scenes from the Life of Christ in the Brancacci Chapel. In early June 2010, the artist and scholar Alfred Breitman attributed frescoes discovered in a tower of the palace Senate in the Capitol to Filippo Rusuti, with the consensus of historians of ancient art.

text:
# Filippo Rusuti

**Filippo Rusuti**, (c. 1255–c. 1325) was an Italian painter, active in Rome between 1288 and 1297, and in Naples around 1320.

Rusuti belonged, along with Jacopo Torriti and Pietro Cavallini, to the so-called Roman school active in the late thirteenth century. Early in his career he worked on the fresco decoration of the Upper Basilica of San Francesco d'Assisi, perhaps alongside or after Torriti. The work included some parts of the story of Genesis, in particular the creation of Adam and Eve and perhaps the construction of Noah's Ark.

His only signed work is the upper register of the mosaic decoration of the old facade of the Roman church of Santa Maria Maggiore, where the presence of Cardinal Pietro Colonna allows dating of the mosaic between 1288 and 1297. Art historians believe that the lower register of the same mosaic, with the stories of the founding of the Santa Maria Liberiana, is to be considered an intervention a few years later by the followers of Rusuti based on his drawings.

It was rebuilt for the presence of Rusuti (with his son John) in Poitiers, on the basis of a more careful reading of documents (now lost) which attest to a Filippus Bizuti or rather Ruzuti in 1309, in 1316–17, in the service of the king of France, but perhaps also in the wake of a column at the papal court in Avignon.

Around 1319 Rusuti went to Naples at the Angevins court following Cavallini for the fresco decoration of the church of Santa Maria Donna Regina Vecchia, where his figures are probably the Prophets. Still in Naples, around 1320 he created some scenes from the Life of Christ in the Brancacci Chapel.

In early June 2010, the artist and scholar Alfred Breitman attributed frescoes discovered in a tower of the palace Senate in the Capitol to Filippo Rusuti, with the consensus of historians of ancient art.

* F. Bologna, I pittori alla corte angioina di Napoli, 1266–1414, Roma 1969, pp. 132–135;
* L. Bellosi, La pecora di Giotto, Torino 1985, pp. 20–25, 116–123;
* La Pittura in Italia. Il Duecento e il Trecento, 2 voll., Milano, Electa, 1985, p. 435. ISBN 88-435-2096-2.
* Julian Gardner, Bizuti, Rusuti, Nicolaus and Johannes: some neglected documents concerning roman artists in France, "The Burlington magazine", 1011 (June 1987), pp. 381–383
* Giotto e la sua eredità, Firenze, E-ducation.it, 2007, pp. 58–60,


title: Micromyrtus obovata

abstract: Micromyrtus obovata is a species of the flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end toward the base, white flowers 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) in diameter, and 10 stamens in each flower.

text:
# Micromyrtus obovata

***Micromyrtus obovata*** is a species of the flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end toward the base, white flowers 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) in diameter, and 10 stamens in each flower.

## Description

*Micromyrtus obovata* is an erect shrub that typically grows to 0.4–1.6 m (1 ft 4 in – 5 ft 3 in) high and has its leaves densely arranged near the ends of branchlets. Its leaves are erect, egg-shaped to broadly egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 1.5–3.0 mm (0.059–0.118 in) long and 0.8–1.4 mm (0.031–0.055 in) wide on a petiole 0.3–0.5 mm (0.012–0.020 in) long. The flowers are 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) in diameter, and arranged in between 6 and 20 or more upper leaf axils on a peduncle 0.5–1.5 mm (0.020–0.059 in) long. The sepals are egg-shaped or elliptic, 0.4–0.7 mm (0.016–0.028 in) long an 0.5–1 mm (0.020–0.039 in) wide. The petals are white, very broadly egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base and 1.5–2.0 mm (0.059–0.079 in) long. There are 10 stamens in each flower, the anthers about 0.25 mm (0.0098 in) long. Flowering occurs between July and September, and the fruit is 1.3–1.4 mm (0.051–0.055 in) long and 0.9–1.2 mm (0.035–0.047 in) wide, containing a single golden brown seed.

## Taxonomy

This species was first described in 1852 by Nikolai Turczaninow who gave it the name *Thryptomene obovata* in the *Bulletin de la Classe Physico-Mathématique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg* from material collected by James Drummond. In 1985, John Green transferred the species to *Micromyrtus* as *M. obovata* . The specific epithet (*obovata*) means "inverted egg-shaped", referring to the shape of the leaves.

## Distribution and habitat

*Micromyrtus obovata* grows on hills, slopes and flats between Wubin, Lake Grace and Southern Cross in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Esperance Plains, and Mallee bioregions of south-western Western Australia.

## InfoBox

| *Micromyrtus obovata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | *Micromyrtus* |
| Species: | ***M. obovata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Micromyrtus obovata***<br>(Turcz.) J.W.Green | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Micromyrtus drummondii* Benth. nom. superfl. * *Thryptomene drummondii* (Benth.) F.Muell. * *Thryptomene obovata* Turcz. | |


title: Richard Crompton

abstract: Richard Crompton is a Manchester-born British journalist, and author of crime fiction featuring Mollel, a Maasai detective in Kenya. Crompton, a former journalist for the BBC, moved to Kenya in 2005 with his wife, a human rights lawyer, who took up a job to prosecute the perpetrators of the Rwandan genocide. In 2007 Crompton covered the post-election violence in Kenya for CNBC. In 2010 Crompton won the Daily Telegraph ghost story competition with his short story inspired by Facebook titled Friends. In 2013 his first novel was published as The Honey Guide in the UK/Commonwealth and Hour of the Red God in the US/Canada. The novel features Detective Mollel, a Maasai police detective with the Kenyan CID.

text:
# Richard Crompton

**Richard Crompton** is a Manchester-born British journalist, and author of crime fiction featuring Mollel, a Maasai detective in Kenya.

Crompton, a former journalist for the BBC, moved to Kenya in 2005 with his wife, a human rights lawyer, who took up a job to prosecute the perpetrators of the Rwandan genocide.

In 2007 Crompton covered the post-election violence in Kenya for CNBC.

In 2010 Crompton won the *Daily Telegraph* ghost story competition with his short story inspired by Facebook titled *Friends*.

In 2013 his first novel was published as *The Honey Guide* in the UK/Commonwealth and *Hour of the Red God* in the US/Canada. The novel features Detective Mollel, a Maasai police detective with the Kenyan CID.

## Works

* *The Honey Guide* in the UK/Commonwealth and *Hour of the Red God* in US/Canada
* *Hell's Gate*

## InfoBox

| Richard Crompton | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Manchester |
| Occupation | Author, journalist |
| Language | English |
| Nationality | British |
| Genre | Crime fiction |
| Notable works | *Hour of the Red God* (US)/*The Honey Guide* (UK), *Hell's Gate* |
| Website | |
| richardcrompton.com | |


title: Panaqolus nocturnus

abstract: Panaqolus nocturnus, known as the dusky panaque, is a species of small catfish in the family Loricariidae found in the Santiago and Pastaza River basins in the upper Napo drainage in tropical South America. This species reaches a maximum standard length of 14.4 cm (5.7 in).

text:
# Panaqolus nocturnus

***Panaqolus nocturnus***, known as the **dusky panaque**, is a species of small catfish in the family Loricariidae found in the Santiago and Pastaza River basins in the upper Napo drainage in tropical South America. This species reaches a maximum standard length of 14.4 cm (5.7 in).

## InfoBox

| *Panaqolus nocturnus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Siluriformes |
| Family: | Loricariidae |
| Genus: | *Panaqolus* |
| Species: | ***P. nocturnus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Panaqolus nocturnus***<br>(Schaefer & D. J. Stewart, 1993) | |
|


title: HMAS Paluma (1941)

abstract: HMAS Paluma was a survey vessel that was operated by the Royal Australian Navy during World War II.

text:
# HMAS Paluma (1941)

**HMAS *Paluma*** was a survey vessel that was operated by the Royal Australian Navy during World War II.

## Construction

The launch *Paluma* was built by Taylor's Slipway at Townsville, Australia, in 1941.

## Service history

*Paluma* was requisitioned for wartime use on 11 September 1941 and purchased on 1 June 1942. The launch was being used as the examination and patrol vessel at Thursday Island when offered to meet a requirement for seaworthy small ships to insert Coastwatchers and gather intelligence for a proposed Allied offensive against Rabaul. The Japanese move from Rabaul on New Guinea forestalled any Allied attack on Rabaul and shifted focus to a counter offensive in New Guinea.

The prewar sea route to the north coast of New Guinea, particularly the Buna area of planned operations, had been closed by the Japanese advance and naval control of open waters leaving only an inshore route described by MacArthur's Chief of Transportation, as "the most dangerous coastline in the world" and essentially uncharted. In October 1942, all the vessels of the US Army Small Ships Section, largely crewed by Australians, had been ordered to Milne Bay to support the operations against Japanese in the Buna area. Those small vessels, in their night runs to Oro Bay, had begun noting channels and marking reefs with oil drums. The small ships could not support the beachhead, being largely supported by air, with heavy equipment and supplies so that a way for large ships had to be found.

*Paluma*, under the command of Lieutenant Ivan Champion RANVR, was assigned to survey a reliable, large vessel, route from Milne Bay to Oro Bay. In addition to surveys, the vessel was to install lights, land shore parties under Captain J . K. McCarthy for reconnaissance, establish radio stations and pilot ships through discovered channels. By early November *Paluma* had found a route around Cape Nelson when the hydrographic section in the RAN learned of the local effort and lent assistance with surveys by HMAS *Warrego*, *Stella* and *Polaris* assisting, establishing safe passage for large ships from Milne Bay to Cape Nelson while *Paluma* worked the route forward to Oro Bay so that by 11 December 1942 the US Army controlled Dutch vessel *Karsik* was able to deliver tanks to the front. Immediately after *Karsik's* passage the regular convoys code named Operation Lilliput began operations.

*Paluma* was awarded the battle honour "New Guinea 1942–43".

## Fate

After service she was returned to her owners in Townsville. It was used for scheduled trips to Palm Island, and irregular charters. It sat idle in Ross Creek during the 1980s, next to the Flinders Street ferry terminal. The vessel was refitted in 1990 to be used for charters, although it did not pass survey. *Paluma* burnt to the waterline near Airlie Beach in the 1990s.

## Bibliography

* Gill, G. Hermon (1968). *Royal Australian Navy 1939–1942*. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 2 – Navy. Vol. 2. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. LCCN 76454854. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
* Dunn, Peter (14 January 2015). "Magnetic Island Boat *Paluma* Was Once A Support Vessel for the Coastwatchers During WW2". Retrieved 3 February 2015.
* Ind, Allison (1958). *Allied Intelligence Bureau*. New York: McKay Co. LCCN 58012259. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
* Masterson, Dr. James R. (1949). *U. S. Army Transportation in the Southwest Pacific Area 1941–1947*. Washington, D. C.: Transportation Unit, Historical Division, Special Staff, U. S. Army.
* Milner, Samuel (1957). *Victory in Papua*. United States Army in World War II. Washington, DC: Center of Military History, United States Army. LCCN 56060004.
* "Navy Marks 109th Birthday With Historic Changes To Battle Honours". Royal Australian Navy. 1 March 2010. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
* "Royal Australian Navy Ship/Unit Battle Honours" (PDF). Royal Australian Navy. 1 March 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2014.
* "The Townsville Daily Bulletin, Tuesday April 8, 1941". *Townsville Daily Bulletin*. QLD. 8 April 1941. p. 4. Retrieved 22 December 2014.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Australia | |
| Name | *Paluma* |
| Builder | Mat Taylor, Townsville |
| Fate | Burnt to waterline in 1990s |
| History | |
| Australia | |
| Name | HMAS *Paluma* |
| Acquired | 1941 |
| Commissioned | 1941 |
| Honours and<br>awards |  |
| Fate | Returned to owner |
| General characteristics | |
| Tonnage | 45 Gross Tons |
| Length | 66 ft (20 m) |
| Beam | 14 ft (4.3 m) |
| Draught | 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m) |
| Speed | 11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph) |
| Armament | * 2 × 0.5" Browning Machine Guns * 2 × .303" Bren Guns * 2 × Mk. VII depth charges |


title: Jimmy Satterfield

abstract: James Satterfield was an American football coach. He served as head football coach at Furman University from 1986 to 1993, where he compiled a record of 66–29–3.

text:
# Jimmy Satterfield

**James Satterfield**  (October 11, 1939 – May 6, 2019) was an American football coach. He served as head football coach at Furman University from 1986 to 1993, where he compiled a record of 66–29–3.

## Career

Satterfield was named the AFCA Coach of the Year in 1988 after leading Furman to an overall 13–2 record while being Southern Conference co-champions and then defeating Georgia Southern in the 1988 NCAA Division I-AA Football Championship Game. Satterfield was the second Furman football head coach to be the AFCA Division I-AA Coach of the Year; in 1985, three years earlier, Dick Sheridan won the award after leading the Paladins to a 12–2 record and a close two-point loss in the National Championship game.

Satterfield was the head football coach at Lexington High School, in Lexington, South Carolina from 1996 to 2003.

## Death

Satterfield died of complications from heart surgery in 2019 at the age of 79.

## Head coaching record

### College

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Furman Paladins** *(Southern Conference)* (1986–1993) | | | | | | | | |
| 1986 | Furman | 7–3–2 | 4–2–1 | 3rd | **L** NCAA Division I-AA First Round |
| 1987 | Furman | 7–4 | 4–3 | T–3rd |  |
| 1988 | Furman | 13–2 | 6–1 | T–1st | **W** NCAA Division I-AA Championship |
| 1989 | Furman | 12–2 | 7–0 | 1st | **L** NCAA Division I-AA Semifinal |
| 1990 | Furman | 9–4 | 6–1 | 1st | **L** NCAA Division I-AA Quarterfinal |
| 1991 | Furman | 7–4 | 4–3 | T–4th |  |
| 1992 | Furman | 6–5 | 4–3 | 5th |  |
| 1993 | Furman | 5–5–1 | 4–4 | 4th |  |
| **Furman:** | | 66–29–3 | 39–17–1 |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 66–29–3 |  | | | | | | |
| National championship         Conference title         Conference division title or championship game berth | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

Jimmy Satterfield
| Biographical details | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1939-10-11)October 11, 1939
Lancaster, South Carolina, U.S. |
| Died | May 6, 2019(2019-05-06) (aged 79)
Easley, South Carolina, U.S. |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| 1973–1985 | Furman (assistant) |
| 1986–1993 | Furman |
| 1996–2003 | Lexington HS (SC) |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 66–29–3 (college) |
| Tournaments | 7–3 (NCAA D-I-AA playoffs) |
| Accomplishments and honors | |
| Championships | |
| 1 NCAA Division I-AA (1988)
3 SoCon (1988–1990) | |
| Awards | |
| AFCA Division I-AA Coach of the Year (1988) | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Ram Shankar Tripathi

abstract: Ram Shankar Tripathi was an Indian scholar of Buddhism, editor and author of many texts focusing on Buddhist philosophy and Buddhist Tantra. Partly inspired by Jagannath Upadhyaya, Ram Shankar Tripathi had been instrumental in reviving the study of Buddhist texts among Sanskritists in India and abroad, having taught a vast number of scholars from different parts of the world, and through a long-lasting association with traditional Buddhist scholars, from Tibet, Burma and elsewhere. Much of the important editorial work from the CUTS in Sarnath was encouraged and supported by Ram Shankar Tripathi's guidance; several prominent Tibetan Lamas, as well as a good number of contemporary Buddhologists, had studied with him. He was the former Dean of the Faculty of Śabdavidyā at the Central University of Tibetan Studies. He served as the Head of the Department of Bauddhadarśana at the Sampurnanand Sanskrit University. He is also associated with the Savitribai Phule Pune University, where he was a visiting faculty of Pali and Buddhist Studies. He was the author of several books in Hindi and Sanskrit, including Sautrāntikadarśanam, and edited Dalai Lama's The Path to Tranquility: Daily Meditations, among others. Hevajratantram: With Muktāvalī Pañjikā of Mahāpaṇḍitācārya Ratnākaraśānti and Jainavidyā evaṃ Prākr̥ta are two of his other notable works. His most recent publication is a Sanskrit commentary on the Pramāṇavārttika, Chapter I, offering a comprehensive guide to Dharmakīrti's difficult verses, and being more accessible than the ancient commentaries. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2009, for his contributions to Literature and Education. On 18 February 2019, he died at the age of 90.

text:
# Ram Shankar Tripathi

**Ram Shankar Tripathi** (15 October 1929 - 18 February 2019) was an Indian scholar of Buddhism, editor and author of many texts focusing on Buddhist philosophy and Buddhist Tantra. Partly inspired by Jagannath Upadhyaya, Ram Shankar Tripathi had been instrumental in reviving the study of Buddhist texts among Sanskritists in India and abroad, having taught a vast number of scholars from different parts of the world, and through a long-lasting association with traditional Buddhist scholars, from Tibet, Burma and elsewhere. Much of the important editorial work from the CUTS (former CIHTS) in Sarnath was encouraged and supported by Ram Shankar Tripathi's guidance; several prominent Tibetan Lamas, as well as a good number of contemporary Buddhologists, had studied with him.

He was the former Dean of the Faculty of Śabdavidyā at the Central University of Tibetan Studies. He served as the Head of the Department of *Bauddhadarśana* at the Sampurnanand Sanskrit University. He is also associated with the Savitribai Phule Pune University, where he was a visiting faculty of Pali and Buddhist Studies. He was the author of several books in Hindi and Sanskrit, including *Sautrāntikadarśanam*, and edited Dalai Lama's *The Path to Tranquility: Daily Meditations*, among others. *Hevajratantram: With Muktāvalī Pañjikā of Mahāpaṇḍitācārya Ratnākaraśānti* and *Jainavidyā evaṃ Prākr̥ta* are two of his other notable works. His most recent publication is a Sanskrit commentary on the Pramāṇavārttika, Chapter I, offering a comprehensive guide to Dharmakīrti's difficult verses, and being more accessible than the ancient commentaries.

The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2009, for his contributions to Literature and Education.

On 18 February 2019, he died at the age of 90.

## Bibliography

* Ram Shankar Tripathi; Gokulacandra Jaina (1987). *Jainavidyā evaṃ Prākr̥ta*. Sampurnanand Sanskrit University. p. 345.
* Ram Shankar Tripathi (1990). *Sautrantikadarsanam*. Central University of Tibetan Studies. p. 682. ISBN 9788187127734.
* Ram Shankar Tripathi; Thakur Sain Negi (2001). *Hevajratantram: With Muktavali Panjika of Mahapanditacarya Ratnakarasanti*. Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies. p. 335.
* Dalai Lama (2012). Ram Shankar Tripathi (ed.). *The Path to Tranquility: Daily Meditations*. Translated by Thuptan Chhogdup. Penguin Books India. ISBN 9780143418023.

## InfoBox

| Ram Shankar Tripathi | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1929-10-15)15 October 1929<br>Sodalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India |
| Died | 18 February 2019(2019-02-18) (aged 89) |
| Occupation(s) | Scholar of Buddhism, Sanskrit, Pali |
| Awards | Padma Shri |


title: Nameirakpam Ibemni Devi

abstract: Khumanthem Ningol Nameirakpam Ongbi Ibemni Devi was an Indian singer of traditional music, known for her expertise in the Khongjom Praba genre of Manipuri music. The Government of India honoured Ibemni Devi in 2012, with the fourth highest civilian award of Padma Shri.

text:
# Nameirakpam Ibemni Devi

**Khumanthem Ningol Nameirakpam Ongbi Ibemni Devi** (7 July 1926 – 24 January 2020) was an Indian singer of traditional music, known for her expertise in the *Khongjom Praba* genre of Manipuri music. The Government of India honoured Ibemni Devi in 2012, with the fourth highest civilian award of Padma Shri.

## Biography

Nameirakpam Ibemni Devi was born in July 1926 at Wangkhei Ningthempukhri Mapal to Kshetrimayum ningol Keina Devi and Khumanthem Chaoba Singh, a noted exponent of *Khongjom Parba*. She started learning traditional Manipuri music at the age of six under the tutelage of Guru Yumnam Natum Singh, a known singer of *Nata Sangeet*. Besides Nata Sangeet, she also learnt other genres of Manipuri music.

Ibemni Devi, reported to be the first female to play Khol, Mridanga and Dolak in Manipuri folk theatre, is credited with the composition of over 150 ballads which have been aired by the All India Radio and Doordarshan and performed at many events. She is the founder of Khongjom Praba School (1964), and has also established two choir groups, one in 1964 and the other in 1972.

Ibemni Devi was a recipient of the *Joy Patra* of the Manipur Royal Palace in 1964, the Manipur State Kala Akademi Award in 1989 and a Certificate of Honour from the Government of Manipur in 1991. Recognized in 1998, as one of the ten outstanding artistes by the All India Radio, Ibemni Devi was honoured by the Sangeet Natak Akademi in 2004, and by the Manipur Sahitya Parishad in 2005. The Government of India, in 2011, honored Ibemni Devi with the civilian award of Padma Shri.

Devi was married to Nameirakpam Achou Singh and the couple had eight children; five sons and three daughters. Her husband predeceased her and she lived in Kwakeithel Soibam Leikai, until her death on 24 January 2020, at the age of 93.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Nameirakpam Ibemni Devi | |
| --- | --- |
| President Pratibha Devisingh Patil presenting the Padma Shri Award to Nameirakpam Ibemni Devi in 2012 | |
| Born | (1926-07-07)7 July 1926
Wangkhei Ningthempukhri Mapal, Manipur, India |
| Died | 24 January 2020(2020-01-24) (aged 93) |
| Occupation | Traditional singer |
| Spouse | Nameirakpam Achou Singh |
| Parent(s) | Khumanthem Chaoba Singh
Kshetrimayum ningol Keina Devi |
| Awards | Padma Shri
*Joy Patra*
Manipur State Kala Akademi Award
Government of Manipur Certificate of Honour
Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
Manipur Sahitya Parishad Award |
| Website | Official web site |


title: Middleton

abstract: Middleton may refer to:

text:
# Middleton

**Middleton** may refer to:

## People

## Places

### Australia

### Canada

### Ireland

### New Zealand

### South Africa

### United Kingdom

#### England

*Buckinghamshire* *County Durham* *Cumbria* *Derbyshire* *Dorset* *Essex* *Hampshire* *Herefordshire* *Isle of Wight* *Lancashire* *Norfolk* *Northamptonshire* *Northumberland* *Oxfordshire* *Shropshire*  *Staffordshire* *Suffolk* *Sussex* *Warwickshire* *Yorkshire*

#### Scotland

#### Wales

### United States

### Fictional places

* Middleton, a setting in the DC Comics Martian Manhunter comic book series
* Middleton, the hometown of Kim Possible
* Middleton, the hometown of Buster Landru "Rant" Casey in Chuck Palahniuk's novel *Rant*
* Middleton, a setting in the Hallmark Channel series *Good Witch*

## Other uses


title: Montcet

abstract: Montcet is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France.

text:
# Montcet

**Montcet** (French pronunciation: \[mɔ̃sɛ\]) is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 311 |  |
| 1975 | 282 | −1.39% |
| 1982 | 290 | +0.40% |
| 1990 | 420 | +4.74% |
| 1999 | 489 | +1.70% |
| 2009 | 664 | +3.11% |
| 2014 | 663 | −0.03% |
| 2020 | 708 | +1.10% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Montcet | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Town hall | |
| Location of Montcet | |
| MontcetMontcet | |
| Coordinates: 46°12′48″N 5°06′47″E / 46.2133°N 5.1131°E / 46.2133; 5.1131 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes |
| Department | Ain |
| Arrondissement | Bourg-en-Bresse |
| Canton | Attignat |
| Intercommunality | CA Bassin de Bourg-en-Bresse |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Franck Tarpin |
| Area**1** | 6.68 km2 (2.58 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 704 |
| Density | 110/km2 (270/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 01259 /01310 |
| Elevation | 200–247 m (656–810 ft)
(avg. 250 m or 820 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Michel Bernstein

abstract: Michel Bernstein was a French musical producer and founder of several record labels. Bernstein's first contact with classical music was hearing the school music teacher play Beethoven on an out-of-tune piano at the age of 15, but thereafter he took a lively interest in music and recordings.

text:
# Michel Bernstein

**Michel Bernstein** (Paris, 1931 – Paris, October 31, 2006) was a French musical producer and founder of several record labels.

Bernstein's first contact with classical music was hearing the school music teacher play Beethoven on an out-of-tune piano at the age of 15, but thereafter he took a lively interest in music and recordings.

## Vendôme

Bernstein founded his first record label, Vendôme, in 1954, which released only 5 LPs.

The first release was the world premiere recording of Debussy's Proses Lyriques, by Flore Wend a Swiss soprano living in Paris, accompanied by the pianist Odette Gartenlaub, engineered by André Charlin, and recorded at the Salle Adyar, Paris. The LP also included the Chansons de Bilitis and Ballades de François Villon, and received glowing reviews in the French magazine Disques. The next release was of the organist Pierre Cochereau playing Bach on the organ of the Église Saint-Roch. Followed by another disc of Bach, the Orgelbüchlein, with the Danish organist Finn Viderø.

## Valois

His second label, Valois, recorded Sándor Végh and his Végh Quartet, and discs of Clément Janequin and Amours de Ronsard with the Ensemble Polyphonique de Paris of the composer Charles Ravier. Ravier returned to Bernstein in the 1970s to make two recordings of the *Meslanges* of Lassus, the second of them deeply problematic.

From 1962 until 1972, Valois released about 20 LPs featuring the French harpsichordist Huguette Dreyfus, a pioneer of early music in France. The Paris-based American pianist Noël Lee made many recordings for Valois; Aaron Copland, Ravel, Chopin, and the Brahms quintet with the Quatuor Danois. Then from 1965, chanson and lieder recordings of Ravel, Duparc, Robert Schumann, Mussorgsky, etc. with the Dutch baritone Bernard Kruysen, as well as participating in recordings of Jean Barraqué.

At this period – before the European record market was integrated – many of the releases of Valois were licensed, as Valois licensed their own releases abroad. For example, the Ockeghem Requiem of the Prague Madrigalists conducted by Miroslav Venhoda, was licensed from Supraphon to both Valois in France and Telefunken in Germany.

Valois was sold to Auvidis in the early 1990s, and subsequently became property of Naïve Records when Naïve acquired Auvidis in 1998.

## Astrée

In 1975 Bernstein founded his third label, Astrée. The focus of the label was on 17th Century French music, for organ, harpsichord, viol and lute. The motto of the label was *Deffense & Illvstration de la Mvsiqve Française*, parodying the manifesto of Joachim du Bellay for poetry, and printed on the first 39 discs released.

Astrée, along with Harmonia Mundi of Bernard Coutaz was one of the leaders in early music recording in France, with artists including harpsichordist Blandine Verlet, fortepianist Paul Badura-Skoda, lutenist Hopkinson Smith, Michel Chapuis for the complete organ works of Bach, the first recordings of Philippe Herreweghe, Quatuor Mosaïques, Rinaldo Alessandrini and others, including two "difficult" recordings with Esther Lamandier around the Decameron and Cantigas de Santa Maria.

One of the label's major artists was Jordi Savall whom Bernstein recruited from EMI, generating a series of recordings of renaissance to classical repertoire including the bestselling soundtrack for the 1991 movie Tous les matins du monde. However Bernstein had already in 1985 sold control of Astrée to Auvidis, which was then purchased by Naïve, which shortly after also acquired Yolanta Skura's label Opus111. Most of Astrée's artists remained with Auvidis-Naïve, though Jordi Savall departed to found his own label, Alia Vox, eventually purchasing rights to his own back-catalogue.

## Arcana

In 1992, Bernstein founded his fourth label, Arcana, in Nantes. A few artists such as Rinaldo Alessandrini and Fabio Biondi assisted Bernstein in making recordings without payment to help the new label get started.

Again Arcana concentrated on early music, with new artists Ars Antiqua Austria, the Festetics Quartet, La Reverdie and Dialogos. Arcana also released the first recording of Debussy on period instruments with chamber works performed by the Kuijken family.

Following Bernstein's marriage to philosopher and sound engineer Charlotte Gilart de Keranflec'h the label's publications began to bear the imprint *Charlotte et Michel Bernstein Éditeurs*.

Bernstein suffered a heart attack and died while setting up the microphones for a recording session for Dialogos, of repertoire connected with Abbo of Fleury.

After a hiatus in activity, since January 2008 the Arcana label has been managed by 551 Media S.r.l., Omegna, Italy, with the reissue of recordings by Mala Punica, Crawford Young and the Ferrara Ensemble, and new recording began again in 2009 with a disc by La Reverdie, *Sacri Sarcasmi*. The label subsequently passed into the portfolio of Outhere.


title: Richard Croft (tenor)

abstract: Richard Croft is an American opera singer who is often characterized as a lyric tenor or "Mozart tenor." Richard Croft debuted in the United States, by singing the major roles of Mozart and Rossini, before being invited on the leading international stages. Richard Croft has been Professor of Voice at the University of North Texas College of Music since 2004. His brother, Dwayne Croft, is an operatic baritone. Both Croft brothers have sung leading roles in historically themed operas by the composer Philip Glass: Richard portrayed Mohandas Gandhi in Satyagraha, and Dwayne portrayed Robert E. Lee in the debut production of Appomattox. He also portrayed the role of Loge in the Metropolitan Opera's 2012 production of Wagner's Das Rheingold directed by Robert Lepage, along with his brother Dwayne in the role of Donner.

text:
# Richard Croft (tenor)

**Richard Croft** is an American opera singer who is often characterized as a lyric tenor or "Mozart tenor."

Richard Croft debuted in the United States (including at the Metropolitan Opera, the Houston Grand Opera, the Washington Opera and Dallas), by singing the major roles of Mozart and Rossini, before being invited on the leading international stages (Salzburg Festival, Paris Opera, Staatsoper Berlin, Zurich Opera, Glyndebourne Festival, Theater an der Wien among others).

Richard Croft has been Professor of Voice at the University of North Texas College of Music since 2004.

His brother, Dwayne Croft, is an operatic baritone. Both Croft brothers have sung leading roles in historically themed operas by the composer Philip Glass: Richard portrayed Mohandas Gandhi in *Satyagraha*, and Dwayne portrayed Robert E. Lee in the debut production of *Appomattox*. He also portrayed the role of Loge in the Metropolitan Opera's 2012 production of Wagner's *Das Rheingold* directed by Robert Lepage, along with his brother Dwayne in the role of Donner.


title: Palacio del Marqués del Apartado

abstract: The Palace of the Marquis del Apartado is a historic residence located in Mexico City, just to the northeast of the city's Zocalo in the Historic center of Mexico City. It was built between 1795 and 1805 over one of the pyramids of the Aztec sacred precinct in Tenochtitlan. The residence was initially built for the main minter of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, and the third floor was prepared to become the residence of Spanish king Ferdinand VII. However, the king never came to colonial Mexico. Today, the palace houses the main headquarters of the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH).

text:
# Palacio del Marqués del Apartado

The **Palace of the Marquis del Apartado** is a historic residence located in Mexico City, just to the northeast of the city's Zocalo (main plaza) in the Historic center of Mexico City.

It was built between 1795 and 1805 over one of the pyramids of the Aztec sacred precinct in Tenochtitlan. The residence was initially built for the main minter of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, and the third floor was prepared to become the residence of Spanish king Ferdinand VII. However, the king never came to colonial Mexico. Today, the palace houses the main headquarters of the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH).

## History

During the Aztec Empire, the land on which this building is located was part of the teocalli, or sacred precinct of Tenochtitlan. The building sits on the remains of the pyramid dedicated to the goddess Cihuacóatl, the sister of Huitzilopochtli. The base of this pyramid was found in 1910, and a 1.5 ton sculpture of an eagle from this period was discovered in 1985.

After the conquest, the site was part of land granted to the Acevedo family. This grant extended to what are now the streets of Rep. de Guatemala, Rep. de Argentina, Donceles and Rep. de Brasil. Over time, however, this grant was split up and parts sold to other owners. The site of the current palace was sold to Francisco de Fagoaga y Arósqueta, who was in charge of minting and the collection of the king's share of precious metals mined in Mexico. Fagoaga commissioned architect Manuel Tolsá, who built a number of other structures in the city to design, to build this palace between 1795 and 1805. Tolsa designed the building similarly to the Palacio de Minería, which he designed, and included workshops for smelting metals and a chapel.

In the first decade of the 19th century, the topmost floor was remodeled and prepared to become the residence of Fernando VII of Spain. However, the Spanish king never occupied the palace as he abdicated in 1808 and became the prisoner of Napoleon.

After Mexican Independence in the early 19th century, the palace was owned by several wealthy families, who used it as an official residence. The lower part of the house was rented to businesses while the families lived on the upper two floors.

Over time, the building has been remodeled several times. In 1901, the main courtyard and corridors were covered with an iron and glass translucent roof. From 1901 to 1908, it housed a major collection of works from the French Enlightenment as well as an extensive collection of fine arts. The latter eventually became part of the collection of the Academy of San Carlos. After the Mexican Revolution, it became government property, and it was remodeled to become the seat of the Secretaria de Justicia e Instrucción Pública. In 1962, architect Jorge L. Medellín and engineer Manuel M. Haro it was remodeled again, modernizing its electrical system and pipes. Since it became government property in the early 20th century, the building has housed a number of government agencies. Initially it was the home of the Secretaria de Justicia e Institución Pública. After that, it housed the Secretaría de Fomento and Secretaría de Comercio y Trabajo from 1917 to 1934, the Secretaría de la Economía in 1947, the Secretaría de Industria y Comercio from 1959 to 1961 and the Compañía Nacional de Subsistencias Populares until the early 21st century.

In 1989, cracks, fissures and other damage were detected from the building's tilt towards the nearby Metro Station. Initial efforts to correct the damage were undertaken in 1990–1994. Starting in 1995, a hydraulic system to inject and extract water into and from the subsoil was developed, buried forty meters under the building. Much of the building's sinking is due to dropping water tables underneath Mexico City because of the overpumping of groundwater for drinking. The hydraulic system is designed to artificially maintain water pressure under the building to keep it from sinking.

Since 2005, it has been with the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, which uses it as its main headquarters and has restored much of its decorative work.

## Description

The building covers an area of 3000 m2, with 60 rooms such as halls, dining rooms, kitchens etc. It has two courtyards, with a fountain in the main one. The other courtyard functioned as a stable in the 19th century. This building is similar to Tolsa's Palacio de la Mineria in that both have two facades. The main facade is on Argentina and continues around the corner onto Donceles. The main facade is split into three sections. The middle section, where the main entrance is, stands out slightly from the other two. Except for this entrance, the ground floor is relatively free of decoration as it was of lesser importance than the two upper floors. The exception is the main entrance, which is decorated with a pediment placed over four Doric columns. The other floors are decorated with quarried stone pilasters and columns to frame the windows and balconies.

Under the stairs that lead onto the main patio, pre-Hispanic ruins are visible. Archeological work has been done here since 1985, when restoration work uncovered a large Aztec-era stone sculpture of an eagle in the foundation of the building, where the remains of the pre-Hispanic temple are. The piece was excavated and preserved by archeologist Elsa Hernández Pons of INAH. It is considered unique as it is the only one that has been preserved in situ. The eagle is in a seated position and measures 1.39 meters long, 0.82 meters wide and 0.72 meters tall. It weighs approximately 1.5 tons. The eagle is sculpted in a realistic manner, with details such as feathers of different sizes in relief. It was painted in various colors such as ochre, orange and red. Elements of the sculpture, such as the right side of the face, are missing.

19°26′7.74″N 99°7′54.96″W / 19.4354833°N 99.1319333°W / 19.4354833; -99.1319333

## InfoBox

| Palace of the Marqués del Apartado | |
| --- | --- |
| Rep. de Argentina façade of the building | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Architectural style | Neoclassical |
| Location | Mexico City, Mexico |
| Construction started | 1795 |
| Completed | 1805 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Manuel Tolsá |


title: Rene Uys

abstract: Rene Uys is a former South African female tennis player who was active in the first half of the 1980s. She reached a highest singles ranking of No. 39 in October 1984.

text:
# Rene Uys

**Rene Uys** (born 26 July 1964) is a former South African female tennis player who was active in the first half of the 1980s. She reached a highest singles ranking of No. 39 in October 1984.

## Tennis career

Uys was the runner-up at the girls' singles event at the 1981 Wimbledon Championships, losing the final to Zina Garrison in three sets. Her best result at a Grand Slam singles event was reaching the fourth round at the 1985 Wimbledon Championships in which she was defeated in straight sets by first-seeded and eventual champion Martina Navratilova.

In April 1984, she reached the final of the WTA event in Durban, South Africa, followed by a semifinal spot at the South African Open in Johannesburg.

## Career finals

### Singles (1 titles, 1 runners-up)

| Outcome | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Runner-up | 1. | 23 April 1984 | Durban, South Africa | Hard | Peanut Harper | 1–6, 4–6 |

## ITF finals

### Singles (5–8)

| Outcome | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Runner-up | 1. | 9 November 1980 | Port Elizabeth, South Africa | Hard | Jennifer Mundel | 6-7, 4-6 |
| Runner-up | 2. | 23 November 1980 | Bloemfontein, South Africa | Hard | Susan Rollinson | 1-6, 6-2, 3-6 |
| Runner-up | 3. | 30 November 1980 | Johannesburg, South Africa | Hard | Lesley Charles | 5-7, 4-6 |
| Runner-up | 4. | 10 December 1980 | Cape Town, South Africa | Hard | Liz Gordon | 6-4, 4-6, 4-6 |
| Winner | 5. | 10 December 1980 | East London, South Africa | Hard | Liz Gordon | 6-4, 6-3 |
| Winner | 6. | 9 May 1981 | Chichester, United Kingdom | Clay | Florența Mihai | 6–4, 6–3 |
| Winner | 7. | 9 May 1981 | Lee-on-the-Solent, United Kingdom | Clay | Lesley Charles | 6-2, 3-6, 6-3 |
| Runner-up | 8. | 1 November 1981 | Port Elizabeth, South Africa | Hard | Yvonne Vermaak | 3-6, 2-6 |
| Winner | 9. | 8 November 1981 | Durban, South Africa | Hard | Beverly Mould | 3-6, 6-1, 6-2 |
| Runner-up | 10. | 1 November 1981 | Bloemfontein, South Africa | Hard | Beverly Mould | 6-7, 2-6 |
| Winner | 11. | 8 December 1981 | Cape Town, South Africa | Hard | Beverly Mould | 6-2 6-3 |
| Runner-up | 12. | 31 January 1983 | Boca Raton, United States | Hard | Emilse Raponi Longo | 4-6, 6-4, 2-6 |
| Runner-up | 13. | 28 April 1985 | Durban, South Africa | Hard | Marcie Louie | W/O |

### Doubles (2–0)

| Outcome | No | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents in the final | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Winner | 1. | 30 November 1981 | Johannesburg, South Africa | Hard | Beverly Mould | Ilana Kloss
Yvonne Vermaak | 6-4, 1-6, 6-3 |
| Winner | 2. | 23 December 1988 | George, South Africa | Hard | Gail Boon | Janine Burton-Durham
Louise Venter | 6-2, 7-6 |

## InfoBox

Rene Uys
| Country (sports) | South Africa |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1964-07-26) 26 July 1964
Bloemfontein, South Africa |
| Retired | 1985 |
| Plays | Right-handed |
| Singles | |
| Career record | 14–19 |
| Career titles | 5 ITF |
| Highest ranking | No. 39 (15 October 1984) |
| Grand Slam singles results | |
| French Open | 2R (1984) |
| Wimbledon | 4R (1985) |
| US Open | 2R (1984) |
| Doubles | |
| Career record | 7–14 |
| Career titles | 2 ITF |
| Grand Slam doubles results | |
| French Open | 3R (1984) |
| Wimbledon | 2R (1980) |
| US Open | 1R (1983, 1984, 1985) |
| Grand Slam mixed doubles results | |
| French Open | 2R (1984) |
| Wimbledon | 2R (1985) |


title: Agustín Magaldi

abstract: Agustín Magaldi Coviello was an Argentine tango and milonga singer. His nickname was "La voz sentimental de Buenos Aires". Magaldi took part in the opening broadcasts of Argentina's LOY Radio Nacional in July 1924. Magaldi suffered from liver disease and was admitted to Sanatorium Otamendi early in September 1938. An operation by Dr. Pedro Valdez was successful, but Magaldi died 48 hours later. He was buried in La Chacarita Cemetery in Buenos Aires.

text:
# Agustín Magaldi

**Agustín Magaldi Coviello** (December 1, 1898 – September 8, 1938) was an Argentine tango and milonga singer. His nickname was "La voz sentimental de Buenos Aires" ("The sentimental voice of Buenos Aires"). Magaldi took part in the opening broadcasts of Argentina's LOY Radio Nacional in July 1924.

Magaldi suffered from liver disease and was admitted to Sanatorium Otamendi early in September 1938. An operation by Dr. Pedro Valdez was successful, but Magaldi died 48 hours later. He was buried in La Chacarita Cemetery in Buenos Aires.

## Portrayal in *Evita*

In the Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice musical *Evita*, Magaldi is depicted as bringing Eva to Buenos Aires and so is therefore referred to as "the first man to be of use to Eva Duarte".

There is some disagreement, however, about the role Magaldi played in Eva's real life, or that they knew each other. For example, in the 1981 biography *Evita: The Real Life of Eva Perón*, biographers Marysa Navarro and Nicholas Fraser write that there are no records of Magaldi performing in Eva's hometown of Junín in the year that Eva is said to have met Magaldi:

> "Most accounts of Evita's life say that she fell in love with the spotlight image of Magaldi or that she decided to seduce him and use him; but that, in either event, she was introduced to him, asked him to take her to Buenos Aires, and when he wavered, forced her way into his train compartment and rode with him to the city, thus leaving her family and becoming a married man's mistress. Yet there is no record of the tango singer's having come to Junín that year. Magaldi, a mild man who was devoted to his mother, used to bring his wife on tour, and it is hard to understand what he would have seen in small, skinny Eva María. If he did help her leave Junín, it is likely that his assistance was of the most innocuous kind. Evita's sister insists that doña Juana, prodded by don Pepe, accompanied Evita to the city. According to her account, mother and daughter kept visiting the radio stations until they found a programme for which a young girl was needed."

A major deviation from history is that the musical depicts Magaldi as performing at a charity concert given in aid of the victims of an earthquake in San Juan, Argentina. The concert, where Eva Duarte and Juan Perón met for the first time, occurred on January 22, 1944 when Magaldi had been dead for over five years.