title: UFX

abstract: UFX are an English alternative rock band formed in Blackpool, Lancashire, England, in 2000.

text:
# UFX

**UFX** are an English alternative rock band formed in Blackpool, Lancashire, England, in 2000.

## History

### Dunk Rock (Duncan Lewis Jowitt)

In 1977, Vi Brator (Stephen Rosser) and Duncan Disorderly (Jowitt) formed short-lived punk rock band Urban Void. Following the band's demise, Jowitt was invited to replace Phil Denton as guitarist in Section 25 just as the band were beginning to make their first live appearances. After they parted company in October 1978, Jowitt formed his own band Final Solution as vocalist/guitarist with David Foster on bass. Final Solution opened the show at the 1979 Blackpool charity concert organised by Section 25, which featured Joy Division and Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark and ultimately led to Section 25 being signed to Manchester's influential Factory record label. By 1980, after a series of line-up changes, the band had changed its original inflammatory name to Another Dimension and had settled around a core personnel of Jowitt and Foster with Steve Grice on drums.

In 1982, with the addition of John "Sid" Hayward on synthesisers and Bill Fogel on guitar, the band became Zoo Boutique, after the New York boutique called Zoo that was opened by Peter Noone of Herman's Hermits and Graham Gouldman (later of 10cc in 1969. The name was misspelt as Zoo Bootique on their first release "Love Like a Clown", which was included on the compilation EP "A Drop in the Ocean" on Lightbeat Records. With Fogel replaced by a second keyboard-player in Phil Denton of The Tins, who had released the DIY album "Buying In Bulk" to positive reviews in 1981, Zoo Boutique's sound became increasingly electronic rock and their debut single "Forgive and Forget"/"Happy Families" (also on Lightbeat Records) received national UK prime-time airplay on BBC Radio 1 but failed to chart. This proved to be the height of Zoo Boutique's commercial success and without a record deal, the band persisted through further line-up changes before Jowitt finally folded the band in 1985 to form Gothic Rock/rockabilly band (Snakeman And The) Headhunters, with Mark Channing on bass, Paul Jepson on guitar and Hayward reverting to drums. In 2014, Zoo Boutique's singles and a number of previously unreleased recordings were compiled by Thundersqueak and released as the "Forgotten" album along with an album "Two Sane Men", which was recorded in 1985 and shelved for almost 30 years.

When Hayward left in 1988, Jowitt joined Pete Graham (guitar), Peter Terras (bass) and Alex Darbyshire (drums) to form Fleetwood's Shining Sons, adopting the stagename "Morax". Shining Sons split in 1992, having released only one six-track cassette "Limited Edition" in 1989, which was expanded and released as a self-titled album in 2014. Jowitt joined Blackpool punk band Pink Torpedoes in 1993, leaving in 1995 following a concert at the British Snowboarding Championships in the French Alps. Since 1994 he has released occasional solo material under the name Lucifer and Lewis "Cypher", many in limited editions deliberately designed to be unplayable without access to certain now-obsolete playback devices. These include a series of six groundbreaking "Cyber Punk Rock" tracker module floppy disk EPs in 1994-95 playable only on Commodore Amiga computers, the first three volumes of which included the first full vocal songs to be released for playback on a computer, and an (audio only) single on betamax videocassette. The recordings on the first "Cyber Punk Rock" disk were two full length cover versions of songs by the Ramones: "Beat on the Brat" and "I Don't Care", chosen because of the minimal lyrical variation between the verses. All the Lucifer floppy disk releases were reissued as "Cyber Punk" album and a double album "Cyber Zone" as Internet-only downloads alongside more recent recordings made under the name Lucifer

In 1996, Jowitt's Mockingbone studio project with Shaun Vincent Gair also self-released two limited edition CD albums "Mockingbone" and "A Mix Bag". and the compilation "A Very Mixed Bag Indeed" in 1997. Mockingbone's "musics" were remastered, repackaged and re-released in 2014 as five separate EPs and albums: "Mockingbone", "Trance", "Mentell", "EnTrance" and "Song Cycle".

### Rat Fink (Andrew Wilson)

A fan club member of gothic rock band Alien Sex Fiend, Wilson first met singer Nik Fiend when Lytham St Annes band The Turnpike Cruisers landed a support slot with the band. By 1986 he was drumming for the Turnpikes when they supported Alien Sex Fiend in Hammersmith, London and shortly afterwards Nik Fiend asked him to join the band. Fiend gave Wilson the stage name Rat Fink Jr. when he joined as drummer and guitarist and he subsequently toured and recorded with them until 1992. Rat's time with Alien Sex Fiend along with frank and honest details of his personal life is thoroughly documented in the book "Once Upon a Fiend".

He subsequently returned to Blackpool and played with United States of Mind, a band which also featured future Earthling Society drummer Jon Blacow on percussion. Wilson would spend the rest of the 1990s awaiting a recall from Fiend and sitting in on drums with various bands.

In 1996, Wilson and Jowitt met when both were employed as actors for the first season of Blackpool's interactive horror show Pasaje Del Terror, where Rat played the role of Dracula.

### Guitarist Johnny Volume and bassist Chad Spandosa (Nick Turner)

In 1983, 19-year-old bassist Chad Spandosa formed Skreem with drummer Kim Sweeney, British marathon drumming champion (59 hours 30 minutes & 32 seconds) from 2004 to 2008. Spandosa then joined Johnny Thunders/Ron Asheton/Stooges-inspired guitarist Johnny Volume and Iggy Pop-obsessed singer "The Blay" (Colin Blaylock) in Blackpool’s Dog Food who, with a succession of different drummers, were a permanent fixture on the Blackpool music scene throughout the rest of the 1980s and most of the 1990s including touring with Dunk Rock's Headhunters in 1986. Dog Food were joined by Rat Fink on drums shortly before the band split permanently in 1998.

## 1999–2005 – The Uncle Fester years

Drummer Rat Fink and guitarist Johnny Volume band first got together in 1999 with the idea of playing "junk rock" (a term coined by Kerrang! magazine to describe classic bands like The Stooges, New York Dolls and MC5 and newer bands like Buckcherry, Nashville Pussy and Sweden's Backyard Babies). Jowitt was recruited on vocals (the name Dunk Rock was given to him at the first rehearsal by Volume) and Doc Virus completed the line-up on bass. In June 2000, Virus was replaced by Spandosa.

Adopting the name Uncle Fester, the band released debut album "Frump Experiments" in 2000 as a limited pressing. This was sold only to fans at the band's gigs. The band's first full release was "Total Sonic Mayhem" on the Thundersqueak label in 2002. TSM consisted half of remastered songs from Frump Experiments alongside several newly written tracks. It was deleted the following year as soon as the initial pressing had sold out. The 2004 album/EP "Offensive" consisted of four new songs and four previously released songs, including live favourite "Idiot", as bonus tracks.

In 2005, Uncle Fester appeared performing "Top Down" (from 2005’s "Offensive") in the independent Ten:10 movie by Northwest Films and were also filmed performing live for Channel 4’s Bed and Bardsley TV series (a spin off of the successful Wife Swap series featuring the family of Lizzy Bardsley). The band had previously appeared opposite Amanda Holden and James Bradshaw as a gang of punk rockers in the ultimate scene (set in a punk rock club) of the final episode of the third and last series of The Grimleys, Granada Television’s popular comedy show in 2001 in which Ratfink played the character Gordon Bates and Johnny Volume played the part of the punk DJ.

## 2006 onwards – UFX

In 2006, the band changed its name to UFX and released the album "Crack", the band's first since 2002 to consist entirely of new material. The album’s cover art featured the work of Parisien photographer Gui Brigaudiot. The band simultaneously made all their recordings released as Uncle Fester available as free mp3 downloads on the band's website.

In 2009 UFX released "Sick Sick Sex", another album of entirely original material, which featured Nick Gribbon (who had been a member of Blackpool's The Rockin' Vickers in 1964-65 at the same time as Lemmy of Hawkwind and Motörhead)), on harmonica on "Rattlesnake" (a song which had been first recorded with an entirely different backing in 1989 by Shining Sons).

UFX recorded 12 original tracks intended for their sixth album shortly before the band went on extended hiatus in October 2011 with the album still awaiting completion. The break was ostensibly to allow members of the band the opportunity to pursue other interests: Ratfink with Vince Ripper and The Rodent Show - a Live Show combining a DJ set of classic 50/60's Garage Rock n Roll with live instrumentation, Chad with his Inner Temple side project and Dunk with guitarist Tony Mitchell, previously of Kiss of the Gypsy in Gothic rock/Psychobilly band Boneyard Zombies, which also featured Andy "Wild Dice" Wilkinson and Tommy Couch, the rhythm section of hardcore punk band One Way System. This followed an earlier studio collaboration with Mitchell in Puppetmaster, which had resulted in one EP released in 2011. In 2012, Boneyard Zombies released the album "Death Rattle and Roll".

In 2013, mixing of the UFX tracks recorded in 2011 was finally completed and the album released as "Reverse Engineering (Exits Exist)". There are no plans for the band to reconvene to promote the album as Volume has announced that he has "retired". A controversial video using allegedly hoax footage from Alternative 3, the Roswell alien autopsy and footage of Nazi flying saucers was released to accompany the title track of the album.

Despite the group's live inactivity since 2011, UFX (along with Mockingbone and Puppetmaster) have remained in the Top Five chart on Internet station Mohawk Radio Show, the main radio station for the Punk, Psychobilly, Hardcore, Alternative Community, since 2008.

All of the Uncle Fester and UFX albums were remastered and re-released as Internet downloads in March 2014.

In June 2014, Spandosa and Rock joined Fred Laird and Jon Blacow of Earthling Society to form rock n roll band The Crawlin' Hex.

## Discography

### Albums

* 2000 – Uncle Fester - Frump Experiments
* 2002 – Uncle Fester - Total Sonic Mayhem
* 2004 – Uncle Fester - Offensive
* 2006 – UFX - Crack
* 2009 – UFX - Sick Sick Sex
* 2013 – UFX - Reverse Engineering (Exits Exist)

### Various artist compilations

* *The Ugly Truth About Blackpool Volume 1*, 2005
* *Conform Or Die*, 2005
* *The Ugly Truth About Blackpool Volume 2*, 2006

*\*Misery of Sound*, 2007

### Side project releases

* 2010 - Puppetmaster - My Name is Death (EP)
* 2012 - Boneyard Zombies - Death Rattle and Roll
* 2012 - Various - Blackout Crypthology (features tracks by both Boneyard Zombies and Vince Ripper and the Rodent Show)
* 2013 - Vince Ripper and the Rodent Show - Live From The Boneyard (DVD)
* 2014 - The Crawlin' Hex - I'm a Living Sickness flexi-disc single on Postcards From the Deep box set
* 2015 - The Crawlin' Hex - Who Do You Love on Strange Fruit and Veg compilation CD
* 2015 - Vince Ripper and the Rodent Show - It’s Fun to Be a Monster (cd)

## InfoBox

| UFX | |
| --- | --- |
| UFX – L-R Johnny Volume, Ratfink, Chad Spandosa, Dunk Rock | |
| Background information | |
| Also known as | Uncle Fester |
| Origin | Blackpool, Lytham St Annes and Fleetwood, England |
| Genres | Gothic rock, punk, alternative |
| Years active | 2000–present |
| Labels | Thundersqueak |
|  | |
| Members | Dunk Rock
Rat Fink
Johnny Volume
Chad Spandosa |
|  | |
| Past members | Doc Virus |


title: Mademoiselle Holmes

abstract: Mademoiselle Holmes is a French television series, inspired by the Sherlock Holmes stories.

text:
# Mademoiselle Holmes

***Mademoiselle Holmes*** is a French television series, inspired by the Sherlock Holmes stories.

## Synopsis

Shy French cop Charlie Holmes is the great-granddaughter of the great English detective Sherlock Holmes. She uses her hereditary deductive brilliance to solve crimes with the aid of Samy Vatel, her Dr. Watson substitute.

## Cast

## Release

The series was broadcast from 11 April 2024, on TF1.

## InfoBox

| *Mademoiselle Holmes* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Mystery |
| Created by | Victoria Spennato |
| Based on | *Sherlock Holmes* by Arthur Conan Doyle |
| Starring |  |
| Music by | François Liétout |
| Country of origin | France |
| Original language | French |
| Production | |
| Running time | 52 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | TF1 |
| Release | 11 April 2024 (2024-04-11) |


title: Werner of Oberwesel

abstract: Werner of Oberwesel was a 16-year-old boy whose unexplained death was blamed on Jews, leading to revenge killings of Jews across Europe. He was venerated as a Christian saint, and his memorial day was 19 April. Saint Werner's Chapel in Oberwesel on the Rhine was established in 1289 and became a popular pilgrimage site. His veneration prompted other allegations against Jews, such as Host desecration and ritual murder.

text:
# Werner of Oberwesel

**Werner of Oberwesel** (also known as **Werner of Bacharach** or **Werner of Womrath**; 1271  1287) was a 16-year-old boy whose unexplained death was blamed on Jews, leading to revenge killings of Jews across Europe. He was venerated as a Christian saint, and his memorial day was 19 April.

Saint Werner's Chapel in Oberwesel on the Rhine was established in 1289 and became a popular pilgrimage site. His veneration prompted other allegations against Jews, such as Host desecration and ritual murder.

## Background

Born in 1271 in Womrath, Hunsrück, Werner came from a poor background. On Maundy Thursday 1287, his body was found near Bacharach. Certain Christians blamed his murder on the Jews, claiming that they had used his blood for the Jewish ritual of Passover (the blood libel against Jews). Similar anti-Jewish legends were widely circulated in the Middle Ages.

The alleged murder was followed by a wave of pogroms against the Jewish community. Violence spread from the Middle Rhine to the Moselle and the Lower Rhine region. The Jewish community turned to King Rudolf I, who was convinced the accusations were groundless. He fined the murderers of Jews and ordered the burning of the corpse of Werner to prevent any further veneration.

## Veneration

The royal instructions to burn Werner's body, to prevent any further veneration, were not followed. Werner was buried on 30 April 1287 and alleged miracles began to be reported as the veneration spread as a martyr cult. The Cunibert Chapel in Bacharach was expanded beginning in 1289 to become the present Saint Werner's Chapel. The planned expansion of the chapel into a large church remained unfinished after 1338. A further construction also failed owing to the decline of the veneration of martyrs and shrinking revenue to the church from pilgrims.

The 1338 Latin legend alleges the Jews hung Werner by his feet. Then they had him thrown into the Rhine. At the point in Bacharach where the body was supposedly washed ashore, Saint Werner's Chapel was built. A second sanctuary was built in the Chapel of the Holy Spirit Hospital of Oberwesel, 7 kilometers downstream.

Count Palatine Ludwig III aspired to a revival of the cult. Attempts towards Canonisation were made 1426-1429 , the chapel was finally completed. After 1548 some of the relics were transferred to Besançon, spreading the Werner mythology.

Although the chapel was destroyed in the 17th century, Werner was venerated in the Diocese of Trier until 1963.

In iconography, Werner is depicted with a sickle as well as a shovel and pan. He has been acknowledged as a patron saint of winemakers.

## Contemporary attitudes

In 1963, Werner was removed from the calendar of the Diocese of Trier, but "Saint Werner of Oberwesel" still appears in German directories of saints. The chapel dedicated to him alongside the town wall facing the Rhine, which had been in ruins, was later renovated, and a plaque added, with a quotation from Pope John XXIII, recognizing the brotherhood of Christians and Jews, and asking for forgiveness for "the curse that we unrightfully affixed to the Jews’ name."

* Paul Gerhard Aring (1998). "Werner von Oberwesel". In Bautz, Traugott (ed.). *Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL)* (in German). Vol. 13. Herzberg: Bautz. cols. 837–838. ISBN 3-88309-072-7.
* Jeffrey L. Sammons: *Heinrich Heine: A Modern Biography:: (Princeton University Press, 1979), pages 89 to 96 — Heinrich Heine:* Der Rabbi von Bacherach *\[*sic*\](= "The Rabbi of Bacharach", unfinished historical novel, 1840).*
* Rheinfriede Gleisner: *Nach Juden-Pogromen kam Heiligen-Legende*; in: Hunsrücker Zeitung, 18. April 1987, S. 27.
* Gottfried Kentenich (1910), "Werner. Diöcesanheiliger des Bisthums Trier", *Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie* (in German), vol. 55, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 45–46
* Gerd Hergen Lübben: *Der Textfund zu Bacherach*; in: Die Brücke – Forum für antirassistische Politik und Kultur, Heft 140, 2/2006 (Saarbrücken), S. 126–128; and in: Gerd Hergen Lübben, *VERSIONEN III* (»Fund zu Bacherach«), E-Book 2014, ISBN 9783955778354.
* Gerd Mentgen: *Die Ritualmordaffäre um den „Guten Werner“ von Oberwesel und ihre Folgen*; in: Jahrbuch für Westdeutsche Landesgeschichte 21 (1995), S. 159–198.
* Werner Wendling: *Der „gute Werner“ hat ausgedient*; in: Rhein-Hunsrück-Zeitung, 4. Juli 2006, S. 17.
* Thomas Wetzstein: *Vom „Volksheiligen“ zum „Fürstenheiligen“. Die Wiederbelebung des Wernerkults im 15. Jahrhundert*; in: Archiv für mittelrheinische Kirchengeschichte 51 (1999), S. 11–68.
* Daniela Wolf: *Ritualmordaffäre und Kultgenese. Der „gute Werner von Oberwesel“*; Bacharach: Bauverein Wernerkapelle Bacharach, 2002; ISBN 3-00-009539-X .
* Eintrag im Ökumenischen Heiligenlexikon

## Further reading

* Henri de Grèzes, *Saint Vernier (Verny, Werner, Garnier), martyr, patron des vignerons en Auvergne, en Bourgogne et en Franche-Comté, sa vie, son martyre et son culte* (1889)

## InfoBox

| Saint Werner of Oberwesel
*(cult suppressed)* | |
| --- | --- |
| Painting of Werner in the Jewish Museum, Berlin. | |
| Born | 1271
Womrath, Hunsrück |
| Died | 1287
Womrath, Hunsrück |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church (Diocese of Trier) |
| Canonized | 1426-1429 |
| Feast | April 19 |
| Attributes | sickle, shovel, pan |
| Patronage | Winemakers |
| Controversy | Blood libel |
| Catholic cult suppressed | 1963 |


title: Zahirovići

abstract: Zahirovići is a village in the municipality of Srebrenik, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

text:
# Zahirovići

**Zahirovići** is a village in the municipality of Srebrenik, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 700.

Ethnicity in 2013
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bosniaks | 684 | 97.7% |
| other/undeclared | 16 | 2.3% |
| **Total** | **700** | **100%** |

## InfoBox

| Zahirovići | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Zahirovići | |
| Coordinates: 44°40′43″N 18°33′30″E / 44.67861°N 18.55833°E / 44.67861; 18.55833 | |
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity | Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Canton | Tuzla |
| Municipality | Srebrenik |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.51 sq mi (3.90 km2) |
| Population (2013) | |
| Total | 700 |
| Density | 460/sq mi (180/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Mayfield, South Australia

abstract: Mayfield is a rural locality in the Mid North region of South Australia. It is situated in the Northern Areas Council. The name and boundaries were formally established in April 2001, with the name having been proposed by the council. There is some ambiguity about the origin of the name: the state place name gazetteer records it as being "possibly [named] after the local road"; however, there is no current road by that name in Mayfield, but there is a Mayfield Homestead. It occupies roughly the north-eastern quarter of the cadastral Hundred of Reynolds. The locality is entirely rural in nature, and a series of rough dirt roads are the only means of vehicle access through the area. The historic Coolootoo Shepherd's Hut, a remnant of the significant Old Canowie Station, is located on the boundary between Mayfield and its northern neighbour Belalie East, and is listed on the South Australian Heritage Register.

text:
# Mayfield, South Australia

**Mayfield** is a rural locality in the Mid North region of South Australia. It is situated in the Northern Areas Council.

The name and boundaries were formally established in April 2001, with the name having been proposed by the council. There is some ambiguity about the origin of the name: the state place name gazetteer records it as being "possibly \[named\] after the local road"; however, there is no current road by that name in Mayfield, but there is a Mayfield Homestead.

It occupies roughly the north-eastern quarter of the cadastral Hundred of Reynolds.

The locality is entirely rural in nature, and a series of rough dirt roads are the only means of vehicle access through the area.

The historic Coolootoo Shepherd's Hut, a remnant of the significant Old Canowie Station, is located on the boundary between Mayfield and its northern neighbour Belalie East, and is listed on the South Australian Heritage Register.

## InfoBox

| Mayfield<br>South Australia | |
| --- | --- |
| Mayfield | |
| Coordinates | 33°21′S 138°39′E / 33.35°S 138.65°E / -33.35; 138.65 |
| Population | 4 (SAL 2016) |
| Postcode(s) | 5454 |
| LGA(s) | Northern Areas Council |
| State electorate(s) | Stuart |
| Federal division(s) | Grey |
| **Localities around Mayfield:**  Bundaleer North Belalie East Belalie East  Washpool Mayfield Canowie  Washpool Hacklins Corner Canowie | |


title: Voorhies, Iowa

abstract: Voorhies is an unincorporated community in Lincoln Township, Black Hawk County, Iowa, United States. Voorhies is located in the most southwestern portion of Black Hawk County at 42.3358204°N 92.4826908°E approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) southwest of Hudson and 7 miles (11 km) east of Reinbeck.

text:
# Voorhies, Iowa

**Voorhies** is an unincorporated community in Lincoln Township, Black Hawk County, Iowa, United States.

Voorhies is located in the most southwestern portion of Black Hawk County at 42°20′09″N 92°28′58″E / 42.3358204°N 92.4826908°E / 42.3358204; 92.4826908 approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) southwest of Hudson and 7 miles (11 km) east of Reinbeck.

## History

Voorhies was platted on June 17, 1900, shortly after the Chicago and Northwestern Railway reached its location.

There are two businesses currently in Voorhies—a grain elevator, the Voorhies Grain Company and Raincap Industries. However, in 1904 in addition to the Northern Grain Company Voohries had a cooperative telephone association and creamery.

In 1924, Voorhies' population was 45.

## InfoBox

| Voorhies, Iowa | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Voorhies, IowaLocation within the state of IowaVoorhies, IowaVoorhies, Iowa (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 42°20′9″N 92°28′58″W / 42.33583°N 92.48278°W / 42.33583; -92.48278 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Iowa |
| County | Black Hawk |
| Elevation | 1,001 ft (305 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP codes | 50643 |
| Area code | 319 |


title: MediaHuman Audio Converter

abstract:
MediaHuman Audio Converter is a freeware audio conversion utility developed by MediaHuman Ltd. The program is used to convert across different audio formats, split lossless audio files using CUE and extract audio from video files. The app can be run on Mac
starting from OS X 10.6 and on Windows XP and higher.
This software does not support CD burning and CD ripping.

text:
# MediaHuman Audio Converter

**MediaHuman Audio Converter** is a freeware audio conversion utility developed by MediaHuman Ltd. The program is used to convert across different audio formats, split lossless audio files using CUE and extract audio from video files. The app can be run on Mac starting from OS X 10.6 and on Windows XP and higher. This software does not support CD burning and CD ripping.

## Features

MediaHuman Audio Converter is able to accept many popular audio file formats, such as MP3, WMA and WAV. The software is also capable of importing files to iTunes (Music app on macOS Catalina and above). MediaHuman Audio Converter is designed to use multiple CPU cores when converting files in ‘batch mode’. Its user interface supports drag-and-drop functionality.

## License

MediaHuman Audio Converter can be downloaded and used free of charge for commercial and non-commercial use.

## Development

MediaHuman Audio Converter was originally developed in the programming language C++ with Qt framework using such libraries as FFmpeg, OpenSSL, LAME, and TagLib. The user interface of MediaHuman Audio Converter is based on Qt Widgets.

## InfoBox

MediaHuman Audio Converter
|
|  |
|
| Developer(s) | MediaHuman Ltd. |
| Initial release | 30 July 2011 (2011-07-30) |
|  | |
| Stable release | 2.2.3 / 1 February 2024 (2024-02-01) |
|  | |
| Written in | /C++ and Qt framework |
| Operating system | Microsoft Windows, macOS |
| Platform | Cross-platform |
| Size | 34.08 MB |
| Available in | English, German, French, Spanish, Greek, Russian, Japanese, Italian, Swedish, Dutch, Polish, Portuguese |
| License | Freeware |
| Website | www.mediahuman.com/audio-converter/ |


title: Monarda media

abstract: Monarda media is a species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common name purple bergamot. It is native to eastern North America, including the eastern United States and Ontario in Canada. This species is a rhizomatous perennial herb with square stems growing 2 to 3 feet tall. It may spread to form a colony. The oppositely arranged leaves are lance-shaped and mint-scented. The inflorescence contains tubular reddish purple flowers with purplish bracts beneath. The flowers are attractive to insects. The seed heads are attractive to birds. This plant grows in swampy habitat such as stream beds.

text:
# Monarda media

***Monarda media*** is a species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common name **purple bergamot**. It is native to eastern North America, including the eastern United States and Ontario in Canada.

This species is a rhizomatous perennial herb with square stems growing 2 to 3 feet tall. It may spread to form a colony. The oppositely arranged leaves are lance-shaped and mint-scented. The inflorescence contains tubular reddish purple flowers with purplish bracts beneath. The flowers are attractive to insects. The seed heads are attractive to birds.

This plant grows in swampy habitat such as stream beds.

## InfoBox

| Purple bergamot | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Apparently Secure  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Lamiaceae |
| Genus: | *Monarda* |
| Species: | ***M. media*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Monarda media***
Willd. | |
|


title: Whitworth Hall, County Durham

abstract:
Whitworth Hall which stands in Whitworth Hall Country Park, near Spennymoor, County Durham England, is a country house, formerly the home of the Shafto family and now a hotel. It is a listed building. Descendants of the Shafto family of Shafto Crag, Northumberland, served as Aldermen, Mayors and Sheriffs of Newcastle upon Tyne in the 16th and 17th centuries. In 1652 Mark Shafto, Recorder of Newcastle, purchased the manor of Whitworth. His son Robert, knighted in 1670 was Recorder from 1660 and his grandson was High Sheriff of Durham in 1709. Two sons of Mark Shafto junior represented Durham City in Parliament: Robert Shafto 1712/3 and 1727/30 and John Shafto 1729-42. John was the father of Robert Shafto, better known as Bobby Shaftoe, who vastly increased the family fortune by his marriage in 1774 to Anne Duncombe of Duncombe Park. Their son Robert Eden Duncombe Shafto,, who married Catherine Eden, daughter of Sir John Eden Bt of Windlestone Hall, replaced the old manor house with a new mansion in 1845. The house was substantially destroyed by fire and all that now remains of the 1845 rebuild is the detached library wing. The present two-storey seven-bayed house dates from the rebuild of about 1900. Branches of the Shafto family had seats at Bavington Hall, Beamish Hall and Windlestone Hall. Whitworth Hall Hotel & Deer Park is now privately owned and operated as a hotel and wedding venue.
Sadly the Hall is now closed and believed to be empty.

text:
# Whitworth Hall, County Durham

**Whitworth Hall** which stands in Whitworth Hall Country Park, near Spennymoor, County Durham England, is a country house, formerly the home of the Shafto family and now a hotel. It is a listed building.

Descendants of the Shafto family of Shafto Crag, Northumberland, served as Aldermen, Mayors and Sheriffs of Newcastle upon Tyne in the 16th and 17th centuries. In 1652 Mark Shafto, Recorder of Newcastle, purchased the manor of Whitworth. His son Robert, knighted in 1670 was Recorder from 1660 and his grandson was High Sheriff of Durham in 1709.

Two sons of Mark Shafto junior represented Durham City in Parliament: Robert Shafto 1712/3 and 1727/30 and John Shafto 1729-42. John was the father of Robert Shafto, better known as *Bobby Shaftoe*, who vastly increased the family fortune by his marriage in 1774 to Anne Duncombe of Duncombe Park. Their son Robert Eden Duncombe Shafto, (also Member of Parliament for Durham City and later High Sheriff in 1842), who married Catherine Eden, daughter of Sir John Eden Bt of Windlestone Hall, replaced the old manor house with a new mansion in 1845. The house was substantially destroyed by fire and all that now remains of the 1845 rebuild is the detached library wing. The present two-storey seven-bayed house dates from the rebuild of about 1900.

Branches of the Shafto family had seats at Bavington Hall, Beamish Hall and Windlestone Hall.

Whitworth Hall Hotel & Deer Park is now privately owned and operated as a hotel and wedding venue. Sadly the Hall is now closed and believed to be empty.

* Historic England. "Whitworth Hall (1160067)". *National Heritage List for England*. Retrieved 27 October 2019.
* *A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland* Burke and Burke Vol 1 1835 p47. Google Books. *Shafto of Whitworth*.

## InfoBox

| Whitworth Hall Hotel & Deer Park | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location in County Durham | |
| General information | |
| Location | Stanner's Lane, Spennymoor, County Durham DL16 7QX, England |
| Coordinates | 54°42′25″N 1°37′59″W / 54.707°N 1.633°W / 54.707; -1.633 |
| OS grid | NZ237347 |


title: 1959–60 French Rugby Union Championship

abstract: The 1958–59 French Rugby Union Championship was contested by 56 clubs divided in seven pools of eight clubs. The four better of each pool and the four better classified as 5th were qualified for the final phase. The Championship was won by Lourdes who beat the Béziers in the final.

text:
# 1959–60 French Rugby Union Championship

The **1958–59 French Rugby Union Championship** was contested by 56 clubs divided in seven pools of eight clubs.

The four better of each pool and the four better classified as 5th (for a sum of 32 clubs) were qualified for the final phase.

The Championship was won by **Lourdes** who beat the Béziers in the final.

## Context

The 1960 Five Nations Championship was won by France and by Ireland.

The Challenge Yves du Manoir was won by Mont-de-Marsan that beat the Béziers (9-9 the score but Mont de Maresan won for the number of tries scored)

## Qualification round

In **bold** the qualified to "last 32" phase

## "Last 32"

In **bold** the clubs qualified for the next round

| Team 1 | Team 2 | Results |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Lourdes** | Toulouse Olympique EC | **14-6** |
| **Cahors** | Limoges | **14-3** |
| **Chambéry** | La Voulte | **6-3** |
| **Tulle** | Angoulême | **11-3** |
| **Dax** | Toulose | **8-0** |
| **Tyrosse** | Montferrand | **8-6** |
| **Vichy** | Bayonne | **16-3** |
| **Mazamet** | Toulon | **9-3** |
| **Béziers** | Auch | **18-0** |
| **Foix** | Périgueux | **9-0** |
| **Mont-de-Marsan** | Hendaye | **15-3** |
| **Stadoceste** | Vienne | **6-3** |
| **Pau** | Racing | **14-6** |
| **Aurillac** | Biarritz | **9-5** |
| **Graulhet** | Cognac | **8-3** |
| **Brive** | Grenoble | **21-5** |

## "Last 16"

In **bold** the clubs qualified for the next round

| Team 1 | Team 2 | Results |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Lourdes** | Cahors | **10-3** |
| **Chambéry** | Tulle | **9-3** |
| **Dax** | Tyrosse | **11-3** |
| **Vichy** | Mazamet | **8-6** |
| **Béziers** | Foix | **6-3** |
| **Mont-de-Marsan** | Stadoceste | **14-3** |
| **Pau** | Aurillac | **8-6** |
| **Graulhet** | Brive | **9-6** |

## Quarter of finals

In **bold** the clubs qualified for the next round

| Team 1 | Team 2 | Results |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Lourdes** | Chambéry | **15-3** |
| **Dax** | Vichy | **12-5** |
| **Béziers** | Mont-de-Marsan | **19-16** |
| **Pau** | Graulhet | **12-6** |

## Semifinals

| Team 1 | Team 2 | Results |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Lourdes** | Dax | **13-8** |
| **Béziers** | Pau | **3-3** |

The Béziers because with the same number of point and tries, had a better number of penalties (1 –0, Pau score only a drop)

## Final

| **Teams** | **Lourdes**  \- Béziers |
| --- | --- |
| **Score** | **14-11** |
| **Date** | 22 May 1960 |
| **Venue** | Stadium Municipal, Toulouse |
| **Referee** | Louis Parrot |
| **Line-up** |  |
| **Lourdes** | Jean-Louis Taillantou, Pierre Deslus, Thomas Manterola, André Laffont, Louis Guinle, Michel Crauste, Henri Domec, Roland Crancée, François Vallée, Antoine Labazuy, Pierre Faur, Roger Martine, Arnaud Marquesuzaa, Pierre Tarricq, Guy Calvo |
| **Béziers** | Raoul Barrière, Emile Bolzan, Francis Mas, Pierre Mercier, André Gayraud, Roger Gensane, François Rondi, Jean Arnal, Pierre Danos, Robert Raynal, Jacques Fratangelle, Robert Spagnolo, Yvan Boggiano, Lucien Rogé, Paul Dedieu |
| **Scorers** |  |
| **Lourdes** | 2 tries Fauré and Crauste, 2 penalties and 1 conversion Labazuy |
| **Béziers** | 1 try Raynal, 1 conversion and 2 penalties Danos |

Lourdes team was renewed from the previous year because of the retirement of Maurice and Jean Prat, The farewell of François Labazuy (moved to Tarbes), Henri Rancoule (to Touloun), Pierre Lacaze and Jean Barthe (to play rugby league). The departures was compensated by the arrivals of Michel Crauste and Arnaud Marquesuzaa and Roland Crancée.

### Notes and references

## InfoBox

| French Rugby Championship 1959–60 | |
| --- | --- |
| Countries | France |
| Number of teams | 56 |
| Champions | Lourdes (7th title) |
| Runners-up | Béziers |
|  | |


title: George S. Romney

abstract: George Samuel Romney was the president of Ricks Academy at the end of the First World War. He was a key figure in helping it to survive the postwar depression. Romney was a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. He was born in St. George, Utah. When he was young his family moved to the Mormon colonies in Mexico so that his father could continue practicing plural marriage, which was illegal in the United States. After marrying and having several children, Romney returned to the United States at the start of the Mexican Revolution, specifically to flee the disruptive activities of Pancho Villa. By 1917 Romney was a faculty member at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah. In the summer of that year Romney was appointed as principal of Ricks Academy to replace Andrew B. Christensen. In 1918, the school was granted state certification. It was then renamed Ricks Normal College. By the time students returned for Fall Semester they not only had a new name, but they were now led by a president. Under Romney's leadership the school instituted standards of dress and conduct that all students agreed to follow in 1922. In 1923, the name of the school was changed again to Ricks College, but Romney continued to lead it in its broadened mission. In 1930 Romney was replaced by Hyrum Manwaring. After his service as president of Ricks College, Romney served as president of the church's Northern States Mission. He died while serving in this position and was replaced by Bryant S. Hinckley. Romney's eldest son, Marion G. Romney, became an apostle and a member of the First Presidency of the LDS Church. Romney's daughter, Catherine Romney Cheney, later became a cloistered nun in the Roman Catholic Church. Romney was an uncle of former Michigan governor George W. Romney.

text:
# George S. Romney

**George Samuel Romney** (November 12, 1874 – December 19, 1935) was the president of Ricks Academy at the end of the First World War. He was a key figure in helping it to survive the postwar depression.

Romney was a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). He was born in St. George, Utah. When he was young his family moved to the Mormon colonies in Mexico so that his father could continue practicing plural marriage, which was illegal in the United States.

After marrying and having several children, Romney returned to the United States at the start of the Mexican Revolution, specifically to flee the disruptive activities of Pancho Villa. By 1917 Romney was a faculty member at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah. In the summer of that year Romney was appointed as principal of Ricks Academy to replace Andrew B. Christensen. In 1918, the school was granted state certification. It was then renamed Ricks Normal College. By the time students returned for Fall Semester they not only had a new name, but they were now led by a president.

Under Romney's leadership the school instituted standards of dress and conduct that all students agreed to follow in 1922.

In 1923, the name of the school was changed again to Ricks College, but Romney continued to lead it in its broadened mission. In 1930 Romney was replaced by Hyrum Manwaring.

After his service as president of Ricks College, Romney served as president of the church's Northern States Mission. He died while serving in this position and was replaced by Bryant S. Hinckley.

Romney's eldest son, Marion G. Romney, became an apostle and a member of the First Presidency of the LDS Church. Romney's daughter, Catherine Romney Cheney, later became a cloistered nun in the Roman Catholic Church. Romney was an uncle of former Michigan governor George W. Romney.


title: Mauser Model 1904

abstract: The Mauser Model 1904 and Model 1907 were Gewehr 98 pattern bolt-action rifles produced by Mauser and Deutsche Waffen und Munitionsfabriken (DWM). They were designed for export market. Copies were later produced in China and in Spain.

text:
# Mauser Model 1904

The **Mauser Model 1904** and **Model 1907** were Gewehr 98 pattern bolt-action rifles produced by Mauser and Deutsche Waffen und Munitionsfabriken (DWM). They were designed for export market. Copies were later produced in China and in Spain.

## Design

The Models 1904 and 1907 were similar to the Gewehr 1898. They featured a longer cocking piece. Only the rifles made for Paraguay kept the *Lange Visier* sight of the German rifle. While most of the rifles were fitted only with a short bayonet lug that required a bayonet with a muzzle ring, rifles ordered by Paraguay and Ecuador had another lug to fit the Mauser Model 1895 bayonet. The Siamese model was heavier and slightly longer.

## Variants

### Brazilian carbine version

The Brazilian military police ordered a carbine variant, with a bent bold handle. A bayonet lug was fitted under the barrel band, similarly to the Mauser Model 1893.

### Paraguayan and Chinese carbines

These carbines generally featured turned down bolt handle, even if some Chinese carbines had a straight one. The stock ended under the muzzle. The carbines also had a tangent leaf rear sight while the front sight was directly mounted on the nose cap. No bayonet could be used.

### Chinese variants

China tested the Model 1904 from 1907. The rifle was known as *Model 1904/1907* while the carbine was known as *Model 1907*. Most of the rifles were originally produced by Mauser and DWM with a special 6.8×57mm cartridge. The production of the Model 1907 soon started in Guangdong arsenal with DWM help. The 1911 revolution slowed the purchase of weapons and in 1914, thousand of 6.8mm Model 1907 rifles stored in Germany were chambered to the standard 7.92×57mm Mauser and pressed into service of the German Empire. Originally produced as the *Guang Xu Type 33* during the Imperial rule, the newly formed Republic of China chose it as the standard rifle of the Chinese army as the *Type 1 rifle*, intended to replace the Hanyang 88. In 1915, the Chinese also decided to switch to the 7.92mm cartridge and the rifle was renamed *Type 4* or *7.9mm Type 1*. More than 200,000 were produced until 1935. The last factory producing them was the Gongxian Arsenal, where the guns were nicknamed *Gong 98*. While they have been replaced in most front-line units at the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Type 4 rifles were kept in regular use with some units. They were still used by the Red Guards in the 1960s.

### Mauser/Oviedo Model 1927

The Spanish Fabrica Nacional de Armas, in Oviedo, produced a derivative of the Mauser 1907 for Paraguay. Three variants were produced: a long rifle (*Fusil Modelo 1927*), a short rifle (*Mosqueton Modelo 1927*) and a carbine (*Carabina Modelo 1927*). The bolt stop was extended to block the clips during the loading of the magazine, thus enabling the use of different models of clip. They had a tangent leaf sight while the upper hand guard of the rifle and short rifle was slightly extended. The short rifle did not feature a pistol grip and the carbine had a stock extended to the muzzle. The bolt handle was straight for the rifle and bent for the carbine, whereas the short rifle can be found with both types of bolt handles.

The Paraguayans wanted an affordable weapons, and the guns were reportedly of low quality. 10,363 were purchased from 1927 to 1932. They saw combat use during the Chaco War and performed poorly; according to the Paraguayan historian and general Samaniego, the rifles were even called "Mata Paraguayo" \[Paraguayan Killer\] by the troops for the MP engraving they had and their grave tendency to fail.

## Users

### Sources

* Ball, Robert W. D. (2011). *Mauser Military Rifles of the World*. Iola: Gun Digest Books. ISBN 9781440228926.
* Ness, Leland; Shih, Bin (July 2016). *Kangzhan: Guide to Chinese Ground Forces 1937–45*. Helion & Company. ISBN 9781910294420.
* Samaniego, Marcial (1985). "Situación de las Fuerzas Armadas de la Nación en el decenio de la pré-Guerra del Chaco". *Anuário de la Academia de Historia Militar del Paraguay* (in Spanish). **1**. Academia de Historia Militar del Paraguay.

## InfoBox

| Mauser Model 1904 | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Bolt-action rifle |
| Place of origin | Imperial Germany |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1905 — Present |
| Used by | See *Users* |
| Wars |  |
| Production history | |
| Designed | 1904 |
| Manufacturer | * Mauser * DWM * Various Chinese arsenals * Oviedo |
| Produced | 1905–1935 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 3.76 kilograms (8.3 lb) (Chinese Model 1907) |
| Length | 125 centimetres (49 in) (Chinese Model 1907) |
| Barrel length | 74.0 centimetres (29.1 in) (Chinese Model 1907) |
| --- | |
| Cartridge |  |
| Action | Bolt-action |
| Feed system | 5-round stripper clip, internal magazine |
| Sights | Iron sights adjustable to 2,000 metres (2,200 yd) |


title: UD Internacional

abstract: Uniao Desportiva Internacional is a Guinea-Bissauan football club based in Uniao. They play in the top division in Guinean football, the Campeonato Nacional da Guine-Bissau.

text:
# UD Internacional

**Uniao Desportiva Internacional** is a Guinea-Bissauan football club based in Uniao. They play in the top division in Guinean football, the Campeonato Nacional da Guine-Bissau.

## Achievements

1976, 1985, 2003, 2019. 1977, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1988, 1996.

## InfoBox

Uniao Desportiva Internacional
| Full name | Uniao Desportiva Internacional de Bissau |
| --- | --- |
| Ground | Poadru de Rurtes <br>Uniao, Guinea-Bissau |
| Capacity | 5,000 |
| Chairman | Romildo Jaquité |
| Manager | Gonçalo Djaló |
| League | Campeonato Nacional da Guiné-Bissau |
| 2023–24 | 3rd |


title: Minister for Courts

abstract: The Minister for Courts is a minister in the New Zealand Government with responsibility for the support and administration of the courts system. It was split from the Justice portfolio in 1995.

text:
# Minister for Courts

The **Minister for Courts** (or **Minister of Courts**) is a minister in the New Zealand Government with responsibility for the support and administration of the courts system. It was split from the Justice portfolio in 1995.

## List of ministers

Key

Labour   National   Alliance   ACT

| No. | | Name | Portrait | Term of office | | Prime Minister | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1 | Doug Graham |  | 1 July 1995 | 8 December 1997 |  | Bolger |
|  | 2 | Wyatt Creech |  | 8 December 1997 | 31 August 1998 |  | Shipley |
|  | 3 | Georgina te Heuheu |  | | | 31 August 1998 | 10 December 1999 |
|  | 4 | Matt Robson |  | 10 December 1999 | 15 August 2002 |  | Clark |
|  | 5 | Margaret Wilson |  | | | 15 August 2002 | 19 May 2003 |
|  | 6 | Rick Barker |  | | | 19 May 2003 | 19 November 2008 |
|  | (3) | Georgina te Heuheu |  | 19 November 2008 | 14 December 2011 |  | Key |
|  | 7 | Chester Borrows |  | | | 14 December 2011 | 8 October 2014 |
|  | 8 | Amy Adams |  | | | 8 October 2014 | 26 October 2017 |
| | | | |  |  | English |
|  | 9 | Andrew Little |  | 26 October 2017 | 6 November 2020 |  | Ardern |
|  | 10 | William Sio |  | | | 6 November 2020 | 1 February 2023 |
| | | | |  |  | Hipkins |
| | |  | 11 | Rino Tirikatene |  | 1 February 2023 | 27 November 2023 |
|  | 12 | Nicole McKee |  | 27 November 2023 | present |  | Luxon |

## InfoBox

| Minister of Courts of New Zealand | |
| --- | --- |
| Coat of arms of New Zealand | |
| Flag of New Zealand | |
| Incumbent
Nicole McKee
since 27 November 2023 | |
| Ministry of Justice | |
| Style | The Honourable |
| Member of |  |
| Reports to | Prime Minister of New Zealand |
| Appointer | Governor-General of New Zealand |
| Term length | At His Majesty's pleasure |
| Formation | 1 July 1995 |
| First holder | Doug Graham |
| Salary | $288,900 |
| Website | www.beehive.govt.nz |


title: Mo Yingfeng

abstract: Mo Yingfeng was a Chinese novelist who was the director of China Writers Association. Mo served as the vice president of Hunan Writers Association and Hunan Literature and Art Association.

text:
# Mo Yingfeng

**Mo Yingfeng** (simplified Chinese: 莫应丰; traditional Chinese: 莫應豐; pinyin: *Mò Yìngfēng*; 19 January 1938 – 17 February 1989) was a Chinese novelist who was the director of China Writers Association. Mo served as the vice president of Hunan Writers Association and Hunan Literature and Art Association.

## Biography

Mo was born in Yiyang, Hunan in 1938. He entered Hubei Arts College in 1956, majoring in music at the Department of Music.

In 1961, Mo joined the People's Liberation Army, then he worked in Guangzhou Military Region.

In 1970, Mo was transferred from Guangzhou to Changsha.

Mo started to publish works in 1972. In 1978, Mo worked in Xiaoxiang Film Studio (潇湘电影制片厂) as an editor.

In February 1989, Mo died of an illness in Changsha.

## Works

### Novels

* *General's Chant* (将军吟)
* *The Wind* ()
* *The Soldier Rush Through the Mountains* (小兵闯大山)
* *The Goddess of Love* (美神)

## Awards

## Personal life

Mo was twice married. He had two daughters with his former wife Li Mingxiu (李明秀), Mo Zhuwei (莫竹苇) and Mo Zhuqin (莫竹芩). His second wife was Ouyang Huiling (欧阳慧玲). His two daughters, their husbands, and five grandchildren live in Australia.

## InfoBox

| Mo Yingfeng | |
| --- | --- |
| Native name | 莫应丰 |
| Born | (1938-01-19)January 19, 1938
Yiyang, Hunan, China |
| Died | February 17, 1989(1989-02-17) (aged 51)
Changsha, Hunan, China |
| Occupation | Novelist |
| Language | Chinese |
| Alma mater | Hubei Arts College |
| Period | 1972–1989 |
| Genre | Novel |
| Notable works | *General's Chant* |
| Notable awards | 1st Mao Dun Literature Prize
1982 *General's Chant*
 |


title: Zack Williams (Canadian football)

abstract: Zack Williams is a Canadian professional football offensive lineman for the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League (CFL).

text:
# Zack Williams (Canadian football)

**Zack Williams** (born March 2, 1997) is a Canadian professional football offensive lineman for the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League (CFL).

## Early life

Williams first played football at Murdoch MacKay Collegiate in grade 10 and was selected to Team Canada in 2014. He played junior football for the Winnipeg Rifles in grade 12.

## University career

Williams played U Sports football for the Manitoba Bisons from 2015 to 2018. He played in 32 regular season games for the program.

## Professional career

Williams was drafted in the third round, 28th overall, by the Calgary Stampeders in the 2019 CFL Draft and signed with the team on May 13, 2019. He began the 2019 season on the practice roster, but made his professional debut on October 5, 2019, against the Montreal Alouettes. He played in two regular season games during his rookie season. Williams did not play in 2020 due to the cancellation of the 2020 CFL season.

In 2021, Williams played in all 14 regular season games and started at left guard in 13 of them. He made his playoff debut in the West Semi-Final loss to the Saskatchewan Roughriders where he started at left guard. Williams continued his strong play in 2022 starting all 18 regular-season games. Following the season he signed a two-year contract extension with the Stamps.

## Personal life

Williams was born to parents Tracy and Owen Williams and has one sister and one brother.

## InfoBox

Zack Williams
| No. 67     Calgary Stampeders | |
| --- | --- |
| Williams with the Calgary Stampeders in 2022 | |
| Born: | (1997-03-02) March 2, 1997<br>Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada |
| Career information | |
| Status | 1-game injured |
| CFL status | National |
| Position(s) | Offensive lineman |
| Height | 6 ft 5 in (196 cm) |
| Weight | 305 lb (138 kg) |
| University | Manitoba |
| CJFL | Winnipeg Rifles |
| High school | Murdoch MacKay Collegiate |
| CFL draft | 2019, round: 3, pick: 28 |
| Drafted by | Calgary Stampeders |
| Career history | |
| As player | |
| 2019–present | Calgary Stampeders |
|  | |
| Career stats | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: ZOG

abstract: Zog or ZOG may refer to:

text:
# ZOG

**Zog** or **ZOG** may refer to:

## People

## Fiction

### Fictional entities

* Zog, the home planet of the puppet characters Zig and Zag
* Zog, Triceraton soldier in the *Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles* universe
* Zog, robot character in the film *Astro Boy* (2009)
* King Zøg, father of the protagonist Bean in the animated series *Disenchantment*
* Zog, semi-humanoid sea-monster and evil magician in L. Frank Baum's fantasy novel *The Sea Fairies* (published 1911)
* Zog, an alien in a *Doctor Who* stage play

## Other


title: Nathan Havill

abstract: Nathan Peterson Havill is an American entomologist and evolutionary biologist. Havill is a Research Entomologist with the United States Forest Service in Hamden, Connecticut and is internationally recognized on the phylogeny of Adelgidae.

text:
# Nathan Havill

**Nathan Peterson Havill** (born 1972) is an American entomologist and evolutionary biologist. Havill is a Research Entomologist with the United States Forest Service in Hamden, Connecticut and is internationally recognized on the phylogeny of Adelgidae.

## Career

Since 1996 Havill has been a member of the Entomological Society of America. Since 2001, he has been a member of the Connecticut Entomological Society. Since 2012, he has been a member of the Society for the Study of Evolution.

His research focuses on the ecology and evolution of multi-trophic interactions and, in particular invasive pests, their natural enemies, and the impacted trees.

## Selected publications

## InfoBox

| Nathan Havill | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1972 (1972) |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater |  |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields |  |
| Institutions |  |
|  | |


title: Natalia Oreiro 2001

abstract: Natalia Oreiro 2001 is a kind of compilation that is issued specially for fans of the Czech Republic and Hungary. Published 17 September 2001 with Sony BMG.

text:
# Natalia Oreiro 2001

**Natalia Oreiro 2001** is a kind of compilation that is issued specially for fans of the Czech Republic and Hungary. Published 17 September 2001 with Sony BMG.

## Album information

Between 2000 and 2001, Uruguay singer Natalia Oreiro, experienced unprecedented success in the Czech Republic and Hungary. She became the best singer for 2000, the soap opera Muneca Brava was also voted favorite soap opera. Natalia made gold and platinum sales of her albums, "Natalia Oreiro" and "Tu Veneno" in the Czech Republic and Hungary. She got prizes in various popular Czech magazines and won the 2000 Golden Otto prize as the best singer and actress. In 2000 she became the main part of the ceremony Czech Nightingale, where she sang two of her hits. In March 2001 two of her concerts taking place in the Czech Republic sold out. Thanks to all this success, her publishing company BMG Ariola CR decided to issue a special CD for Czech and Slovak fans. The CD bears the name "Natalia Oreiro 2001" and is subtitled "Fans Edition".

This special compilation is divided into three parts. The first part consists of Oreiro biggest hits. six songs were selected, two of them being her hits "Cambio Dolor" and "Tu Veneno". The second part of the compilation has four remixes of hits from the first CD "Natalia". The third part is interactive and is only on CD version that has five videos and other bonuses like computer's wallpapers.

## Releases

This special compilation for fans was released on 17 September 2001, and not only in the Czech Republic but also in Hungary.

## Chart performance

According to the Czech official IFPI charts CD was very successful in marketability. Many as 15 weeks, kept in the Top 40 and best placed to 13.position. Further six weeks to keep the CD in Top 80 charts marketability.

## Track list

### Part I – hits

1. Cambio Dolor **(4:01)**
2. Que Si, Que Si **(3:00)**
3. Tu Veneno **(3:00)**
4. Río De La Plata **(4:33)**
5. Cómo Te Olvido **(3:44)**
6. Me Muero De Amor **(3:55)**

### Part II – remixes

1.
2. Que Si, Que Si **(Little Corp Mix)** **(3:24)**
3. De Tu Amor **(Pumpin' Dolls Fashion Club Mix)** **(7:53)**
4. Me Muero De Amor **(2 Effective Remix)** **(4:06)**
5. Cambio Dolor **(Pumpin' Dolls Pool Party Club Mix)** **(6:10)**

### Part III – CD extra: video

1.
2. Tu Veneno
3. Cambio Dolor
4. Cómo Te Olvido
5. Río De La Plata
6. Me Muero De Amor
7. Wallpaper for Windows

## Charts

| Chart (2001) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Czech Albums (IFPI) | 13 |
| Hungarian Albums (MAHASZ) | 6 |
| Slovak Albums (IFPI) | 4 |
|

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2001) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Hungarian Albums Chart | 82 |
|

1. Natalia Oreiro Official Site

## InfoBox

| Natalia Oreiro 2001 | |
| --- | --- |
| Czech Republic Cover | |
| Compilation album by Natalia Oreiro | |
| Released | September 17, 2001
only Czech republic and Hungary |
| Recorded | 1998–2001 |
| Genre | Pop rock, Latin, dance-pop |
| Length | 44.03 |
| Label | Sony BMG |
| Natalia Oreiro chronology | |
| *Tu Veneno*
(2000) ***Natalia Oreiro 2001***
(2001) *Turmalina*
(2002) | |


title: Natalia Oreiro (album)

abstract: Natalia Oreiro is the self-titled debut Spanish-language album by Uruguayan singer and actress Natalia Oreiro.

text:
# Natalia Oreiro (album)

***Natalia Oreiro*** is the self-titled debut Spanish-language album by Uruguayan singer and actress Natalia Oreiro.

## Background

Due to a big success of a song *Que si, que si* from the movie Un Argentino en New York, Natalia Oreiro was offered collaboration with music company *BMG Argentina* to make her own CD. **Pablo Durand** became the producer of the CD. The CD was recorded in first half-year of 1998 in studios in Buenos Aires and also at Miami in Florida. The title of the CD is simple – **Natalia Oreiro** since this was the first singer's debut CD.

## Recording

For the CD there were 11 songs recorded and the 12th song is a bonus song. It is "Que si, que si" from the movie Un Argentino en New York. All songs are in Latin style, and there are also two ballads. Seven songs were composed for Natalia by duo Pablo Durand and Fernando Lopez Rossi, who wrote big hit "Que si, que si". Romantic song "Me muero de amor" was written by famous composing duo Claudia Brant and Coti Sorokin. Cladia Brant together with Marcel Wengrowsky worked together on song called "Nada mas que hablar". Three writers were working together to create a hit song "Huracán" and song called "Valor" was for Natalia written and composed by Donato Poveda. The final sound of the CD was directed by Afo Verde and background sounds of saxophone were recorded by Ed Calle.

Songs from the CD Natalia Oreiro were used in telenovela "Muñeca Brava" ***(Feisty Doll)*** where Natalia played a main character in years 1998–1999. Song "Cambio Dolor" was the title song and song "Me muero de amor" was a love theme of main characters.

## Singles

"De Tu Amor" It is the first single designated for promo CD. It was released in the summer of 1998, and the Argentine TOP 100 Singles Chart got 27 September 1998 and was deployed to 56.místo. Top with single ranked third place overall and is held in the charts 26 weeks to 14 March 1999. The single was also a big hit in Chile and Spain. Video for the first single from the CD Natalia Oreiro, which came out in the summer of 1998 and became the promotion of a new CD novice singer. Video clip contains no storyline, this is just a different incarnation Naty from Baroque through ladies player of American football to the seductive sexy vixen.

"Cambio Dolor" second single in Argentina has become a signature tune telenovela *Muneca Brava* "Cambio Dolor". Song was deployed to 52.místo to Argentine TOP 100 chart on 24 January 1999. The song got up to fifth place overall and remained in the charts 19 weeks to 23 May 1999. Cambio Dolor became a huge hit in many countries of Western Europe, which aired telenovela Muneca Brava. A number one hit song was also in Israel and Russia, as well as all other world countries where the telenovela aired. This video was filmed as a jingle telenovela Muneca Brava, but has also become another official music video (unlike other soap operas Natalie jingles). Naty in one interview, she said that when the movie was filmed, and her director just told me to let the natural and dances and sings how it feels, and edited a result we see ourselves. He came out with a music video premiere telenovela Muneca Brava at the end of 1998.

## Release and promotion

The first single released to promote the CD was "De tu amor" that was released in summer 1998. Natalia filmed also a music video for this song. CD Natalia Oreiro was released on 14 July 1998. Due to the big success of telenovela "Muneca Brava" abroad, the CD was also released in many other countries in years of 1999 and mainly in 2000. The content is the same just the cover differs.

Natalia was pictured on the cover of her CD as a princess in beautiful dresses and nice hairdo. There were altogether 11 photos used for the cover and booklet. The photographer was Claudio Divella and the whole design was made by two graphic designers Scherman and Veraldi. The booklet is in pink tone with other graphic details. In the booklet there are texts to all songs, information about the CD making process and also thanks from Natalia to her co-authors, her family and to her fans.

There was a new cover and booklet made for the international edition of the CD. In the new version there are seven photos from which four are in black and white. Booklet lacks lyrics. The rest remains the same.

## Chart performance

In the first week of selling there was sold 60.000 CDs in Argentina. Altogether there was about 400.000 CDs sold in Argentina. In the rest of Latin America there were another 200.000 CDs sold. In Spain the CD sold 300.000 copies and in other European countries there were about 700.000 CDs sold (in the Czech Republic it was 85.000 and in Poland 150.000). Overall there were about 1.600.000 CDs sold and the disc got 10 times platinum award.

In Argentina only the CD was awarded with two platinum discs for selling. In many East European countries as well as in Russia and Israel and moreover in Latin America the CD got many golden or platinum discs for the selling.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "De Tu Amor" | * Fernando López Rossi * Pablo Durand | 3:57 |
| 2. | "Uruguay" | * López Rossi * Durand | 3:44 |
| 3. | "Se Pegó en Mi Piel" | * López Rossi * Durand | 4:09 |
| 4. | "Me Muero de Amor" |  | 3:55 |
| 5. | "Cambio Dolor" | * López Rossi * Durand | 4:05 |
| 6. | "Valor" | Donato Poveda | 3:14 |
| 7. | "Sabrosito y Dulzón" | * López Rossi * Durand | 4:00 |
| 8. | "Vengo del Mar" | * López Rossi * Durand | 3:35 |
| 9. | "Huracán" | * Miguel Orlando Iacopetti * T. Serna * Tito Romeo | 3:34 |
| 10. | "Nada Más que Hablar" | * Marcelo Wengrovsky * Dany Tomas * Brant | 3:22 |
| 11. | "Y Te Vas Conmigo" | * López Rossi * Durand | 3:31 |
| Total length: | | | 41:06 |

International bonus track
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 12. | "Que Si, Que Si" | * López Rossi * Durand | 3:02 |
| Total length: | | | 44:13 |

Reissue bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13. | "Me Muero de Amor" (2 Effective Remix) | * Brant * Sorokin | 4:06 |
| 14. | "Huracán" (2 Effective Latin Power Mix) | * Iacopetti * Serna * Romeo | 3:38 |
| 15. | "De Tu Amor" (Bianco Mix) | * López Rossi * Durand | 3:50 |
| 16. | "Que Si, Que Si" (Little Corp. RMX) | * López Rossi * Durand | 3:24 |
| 17. | "Cambio Dolor" (Pumpin' Dolls Radio Edit) | * López Rossi * Durand | 3:53 |
| Total length: | | | 62:23 |

## Official versions and remixes

* "Cambio Dolor" (Pumpin' Dolls Radio Edit) (3:58)
* "Cambio Dolor" (Pumpin' Dolls Pool Party Club Mix) (6:10)
* "De Tu Amor" (Pumpin' Dolls Radio Edit) (3:53)
* "De Tu Amor" (Pumpin' Dolls Fashion Club Mix) (7:53)
* "De Tu Amor" (Bianco Mix) (3:50)
* "Huracán" (2 Effective Latin Power Mix) (3:37)
* "Me Muero de Amor" (2 Effective Remix) (3:56)
* "Que Si, Que Si" (Little Corp. RMX) (3:24)
* "Que Si, Que Si" (Long Intro Version) (3:10)
* "Caminos" (3:26) – appears on the soundtrack of the film "Un Argentino en New York" (1998)
* "03 03 456" (Duet with Raffaella Carrà) (3:21) – appears on Raffaella Carrà's Spanish compilation "Fiesta: Grandes Éxitos" (1999)

## Charts

| Chart (2000) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Czech Albums (IFPI) | 1 |
| Greek International Albums (IFPI Greece) | 4 |
| Hungarian Albums (MAHASZ) | 1 |
| Slovak Albums (IFPI) | 1 |
|

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2000) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Hungarian Albums Chart | 5 |
|

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Argentina (CAPIF) | Platinum | 130,000 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Gold |  |
| Croatia | Platinum |  |
| Czech Republic | 3× Platinum |  |
| Greece (IFPI Greece) | Platinum | 30,000^ |
| Hungary (MAHASZ) | Platinum | 20,000 |
| Israel | Platinum |  |
| Japan (RIAJ) | Gold | 100,000^ |
| Poland (ZPAV) | Platinum | 130,000 |
| Puerto Rico | Platinum | 20,000 |
| Romania | Platinum |  |
| Russia (NFPF) | Platinum | 20,000* |
| Summaries | | |
| Worldwide |  | 1,800,000 |
| * Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| Natalia Oreiro | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Natalia Oreiro | |
| Released | 14 July 1998 (Argentina) |
| Recorded | 1998 (Buenos Aires (Argentina), Miami, Florida (US) |
| Genre | Latin pop |
| Length | 44:13
62:23 (1999 reissue) |
| Language | Spanish |
| Label | BMG Ariola Argentina |
| Producer | Pablo Durand |
| Natalia Oreiro chronology | |
| *Un Argentino en New York*
(1998) ***Natalia Oreiro***
(1998) *Tu Veneno*
(2000) | |
|  | |
| International Cover | |
|  | |
| International Album Cover | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Natahki Lake

abstract: Natahki Lake is located in Glacier National Park, in the U. S. state of Montana. Natahki Lake is in a cirque below Mount Henkel to the west and south and Altyn Peak to the southeast.

text:
# Natahki Lake

**Natahki Lake** is located in Glacier National Park, in the U. S. state of Montana. Natahki Lake is in a cirque below Mount Henkel to the west and south and Altyn Peak to the southeast.

## InfoBox

| Natahki Lake | |
| --- | --- |
| Natahki LakeNatahki Lake | |
| Location | Glacier National Park, Glacier County, Montana, US |
| Coordinates | 48°49′04″N 113°40′06″W / 48.81778°N 113.66833°W / 48.81778; -113.66833 |
| Type | Natural |
| Primary outflows | Apikuni Creek |
| Basin countries | United States |
|  | |
| Max. length | .15 mi (0.24 km) |
| Max. width | .10 mi (0.16 km) |
| Surface elevation | 6,575 ft (2,004 m) |


title: Zajčji Vrh

abstract: Zajčji Vrh is a small settlement west of the town of Črnomelj in the White Carniola area of southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

text:
# Zajčji Vrh

**Zajčji Vrh** (pronounced \[ˈzaːi̯tʃji ˈʋəɾx\]) is a small settlement west of the town of Črnomelj in the White Carniola area of southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

## InfoBox

| Zajčji Vrh | |
| --- | --- |
| Zajčji VrhLocation in Slovenia | |
| Coordinates: 45°34′45.2″N 15°9′37.94″E / 45.579222°N 15.1605389°E / 45.579222; 15.1605389 | |
| Country | Slovenia |
| Traditional region | White Carniola |
| Statistical region | Southeast Slovenia |
| Municipality | Črnomelj |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.51 km2 (0.20 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 177.5 m (582.3 ft) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 12 |
| Density | 24/km2 (61/sq mi) |
|  | |


title: Zambia at the 2023 African Games

abstract: Zambia competed at the 2023 African Games held from 8 to 23 March 2024 in Accra, Ghana. Zambia competed in 13 sports.

text:
# Zambia at the 2023 African Games

**Zambia** competed at the **2023 African Games** held from 8 to 23 March 2024 in Accra, Ghana. Zambia competed in 13 sports.

## Medal summary

### Medal table

## InfoBox

| Zambia at the
2023 African Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Flag of Zambia | |
| IOC code | ZAM |
| NOC | National Olympic Committee of Zambia |
| in Accra, Ghana
8 March 2024 (2024-03-08) – 23 March 2024 (2024-03-23) | |
| Competitors | 44 in 13 sports |
| Medals
Ranked 14th | Gold 4 Silver 5 Bronze 5 Total 14 |
| African Games appearances (overview) | |
|  | |


title: Zambia at the Deaflympics

text:
# Zambia at the Deaflympics

Zambia first competed at the Summer Deaflympics in 2013. The country also competed at the 2017 Summer Deaflympics held in Samsun, Turkey.

The country sent a delegation of three athletes to both events. In 2013, the country competed in events in athletics. In 2017, the country competed in badminton and cycling.

The country has not yet competed at the Winter Deaflympics.

## Medal tallies

### Summer Deaflympics

| Year | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2013 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2017 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

## InfoBox

| Zambia at the<br>Deaflympics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| IPC code | ZAM |
| NPC | National Paralympic Committee of Zambia |
| Medals | Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 |
| Summer appearances | |
|  | |


title: Nathaniel Pryor (Los Angeles pioneer)

abstract: Nathaniel Pryor, was an American citizen captured in Alta California, who later became an esteemed citizen of Los Angeles, California. He was also known as Nathaniel Miguel Pryor and Miguel Pryor.

text:
# Nathaniel Pryor (Los Angeles pioneer)

**Nathaniel Pryor** (c.1806–died 1849/1850), was an American citizen captured in Alta California (a former province of New Spain and Mexico), who later became an esteemed citizen of Los Angeles, California. He was also known as **Nathaniel Miguel Pryor** and **Miguel Pryor**.

## Family and early life

Nathaniel Pryor was born about 1806 in Kentucky. He married in 1838 in California, then part of Mexico, at Mission San Gabriel. The record stated his father's name as Nathaniel Pryor (speculated by researchers to be Nathaniel Hale Pryor) of Louisville and Mary Davis was his mother. His bride was Maria Teresa Sepulveda, a descendant of Francisco Xavier Sepulveda, a Mexican colonialist whose descendants owned vast tracts of land in Alta California.

## Captured by Mexico

Nathaniel Pryor was noted for his entry into California in March 1828. He was on a fur trapping expedition with several other Americans when captured by the Spanish and taken to the prison at San Diego. His companions were Sylvester Pattie and his son James O. Pattie, Richard Lochlyn all from Kentucky, Isaac Stover from Santa Fe, William Pope from Indiana, Jesse Ferguson from Missouri, and Edmund Russell from Pennsylvania. James O. Pattie wrote to John Coffin Jones, the American consul to the Sandwich Islands to ask assistance for their release.

## Citizen of Los Angeles

Upon his release Pryor settled in Los Angeles. A son named Juan Pryor was baptized in 1837. It's unlikely that Pryor was married to the boy's mother Juana Montalvo, as the baptism indicates the child was a "es" or a born out of marriage. He had two more sons by Sepulveda: Pablo Pryor and Manuel Pryor who died soon after birth in 1840.

Miguel Pryor (aka Nathaniel Pryor) is mentioned in an account of the defense of Los Angeles in 1846, during the Mexican War. National newspapers recounted that the citizens of Los Angeles had met in September 1846 to expel the American military who had positioned themselves in California during the war. An escalation in violence had left 150 Americans dead. To stop the bloodshed both sides met to agree on conditions of a cease-fire. The Americans were represented by surgeon Edward Gilchrist and the Los Angelenos were represented by Miguel Prior (sic).

Pryor married again in 1848 to Maria Felipe Paula Romero at the Plaza Church in Los Angeles. They had two additional children, Joaquina and Nathaniel Juan.

Stephen C. Foster, a mayor of Los Angeles, published in 1884 *A Sketch of Some of the earliest Pioneers of Los Angeles* in which he recorded meeting Nathaniel Pryor in about 1849.


title: Nancy Cunard

abstract: Nancy Clara Cunard was a British writer, heiress and political activist. She was born into the British upper class, and devoted much of her life to fighting racism and fascism. She became a muse to some of the 20th century's most distinguished writers and artists, including Wyndham Lewis, Aldous Huxley, Tristan Tzara, Ezra Pound and Louis Aragon—who were among her lovers—as well as Ernest Hemingway, James Joyce, Constantin Brâncuși, Langston Hughes, Man Ray and William Carlos Williams. MI5 documents reveal that she was involved with Indian diplomat, orator, and statesman V. K. Krishna Menon. In later years she suffered from mental illness, and her physical health deteriorated. When she died in the Hôpital Cochin, Paris, she weighed only 26 kilograms.

text:
# Nancy Cunard

**Nancy Clara Cunard** (10 March 1896 – 17 March 1965) was a British writer, heiress and political activist. She was born into the British upper class, and devoted much of her life to fighting racism and fascism. She became a muse to some of the 20th century's most distinguished writers and artists, including Wyndham Lewis, Aldous Huxley, Tristan Tzara, Ezra Pound and Louis Aragon—who were among her lovers—as well as Ernest Hemingway, James Joyce, Constantin Brâncuși, Langston Hughes, Man Ray and William Carlos Williams. MI5 documents reveal that she was involved with Indian diplomat, orator, and statesman V. K. Krishna Menon.

In later years she suffered from mental illness, and her physical health deteriorated. When she died in the Hôpital Cochin, Paris, she weighed only 26 kilograms (57 pounds; 4 stone 1 pound).

## 1910s

Cunard's father was Sir Bache Cunard, an heir to the Cunard Line shipping businesses, interested in polo and fox hunting, and a baronet. Her mother was Maud Alice Burke, an American heiress, who adopted the first name Emerald and became a leading London society hostess. Nancy had been brought up on the family estate at Nevill Holt, Leicestershire. When her parents separated in 1911, she moved to London with her mother. Her education was at various boarding schools, including time in France and Germany.

In London, she spent a good deal of her childhood with her mother's long-time admirer, the novelist George Moore. It was even rumoured that Moore was her father, and although this has been largely dismissed, there is no question that he played an important role in her life while she was growing up. She would later write a memoir about her affection for "GM".

On 15 November 1916 she married Sydney Fairbairn, a cricketer and army officer who had been wounded at Gallipoli. After a honeymoon in Devon and Cornwall, they lived in London in a house given to them by Nancy's mother as a wedding present. The couple separated in 1919 and divorced in 1925.

At this time she was on the edge of the influential group The Coterie, associating in particular with Iris Tree.

She contributed to the anthology *Wheels*, edited by the Sitwells, for which she provided the title poem; it has been said that the venture was originally her project.

Cunard's lover Peter Broughton-Adderley was killed in action in France less than a month before Armistice Day. Many who knew her claimed that she never fully recovered from Adderley's loss.

## Paris

Nancy Cunard moved to Paris in 1920. There, she became involved with literary Modernism, Surrealists and Dada. Much of her published poetry dates from this period. During her early years in Paris, she was close to Michael Arlen.

In 1920 she had a near-fatal hysterectomy, for reasons that are not entirely clear. She recovered, and was then able to lead an active sexual life without the fear of pregnancy.

A brief relationship with Aldous Huxley influenced several of his novels. She was the model for Myra Viveash in *Antic Hay* (1923) and for Lucy Tantamount in *Point Counter Point* (1928).

In Paris, Cunard spent much time with Eugene McCown, an American artist from the hard-drinking set whom she made her protégé. It has been suggested that she became dependent on alcohol at this time, and may have used other drugs.

In 1928, the year she founded her publishing company, Hours Press, she met Henry Crowder, with whom she lived until 1933.

## Personal style

Cunard's style, informed by her devotion to the artefacts of African culture, was startlingly unconventional. The large-scale jewellery she favoured, crafted of wood, bone and ivory, the natural materials used by native crafts people, was provocative and controversial. The bangles she wore on both arms snaking from wrist to elbow were considered *outré* adornments, which provoked media attention, visually compelling subject matter for photographers of the day. She was often photographed wearing her collection, those of African inspiration and neckpieces of wooden cubes, which paid homage to the concepts of Cubism.

At first considered the bohemian affectation of an eccentric heiress, the fashion world came to legitimize this style as avant garde, dubbing it the "barbaric look". Prestigious jewellery houses such as Boucheron created their own African-inspired cuff of gold beads. Boucheron, eschewing costly gemstones, incorporated into the finished creation green malachite and a striking purple mineral, purpurite, instead. It exhibited this high-end piece at the Exposition Coloniale in 1931.

## The Hours Press

In 1927, Cunard moved into a farmhouse in La Chapelle-Réanville, Normandy. It was there in 1928 that she set up the Hours Press. Previously the small press had been called Three Mountains Press and run by William Bird, an American journalist in Paris, who had published books by its editor from 1923, Ezra Pound, William Carlos Williams' *The Great American Novel*, Robert McAlmond and Ernest Hemingway's *In Our Time*. Cunard wanted to support experimental poetry and provide a higher-paying market for young writers. Her inherited wealth allowed her to take financial risks that other publishers could not. The Hours Press became known for its beautiful book designs and high-quality production.

It brought out the first separately published work of Samuel Beckett, a poem called *Whoroscope* (1930); Bob Brown's *Words*; and Pound's *A Draft of XXX Cantos*. Cunard published old friends such as George Moore, Norman Douglas, Richard Aldington and Arthur Symons, and brought out *Henry-Music*, a book of poems from various authors with music by Henry Crowder, two books by Laura Riding, the *Collected Poems of John Rodker*, poems by Roy Campbell, Harold Acton, Brian Howard and Walter Lowenfels. Wyn Henderson had taken over day-to-day operation of the press by 1931; in the same year it published its last book, *The Revaluation of Obscenity* by sexologist Havelock Ellis.

## Political activism

In 1928 (after a two-year affair with Louis Aragon) Cunard began a relationship with Henry Crowder, an African-American jazz musician who was working in Paris. She became an activist in matters concerning racial politics and civil rights in the US, and visited Harlem. In 1931, she published the pamphlet *Black Man and White Ladyship*, an attack on racist attitudes as exemplified by Cunard's mother, whom she quoted as saying: "Is it true that my daughter knows a Negro?"

She edited the massive *Negro Anthology*, collecting poetry, fiction, and nonfiction primarily by African-American writers, including Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston. It included writing by George Padmore and Cunard's own account of the Scottsboro Boys case. Press attention to this project in May 1932, two years before it was published, led to Cunard's receiving anonymous threats and hate mail, some of which she published in the book, expressing regret that "\[others\] are obscene, so this portion of American culture cannot be made public."

She identified as an anarchist.

## Anti-fascism

In the mid-1930s Cunard took up the anti-fascist fight, writing about Mussolini's annexation of Ethiopia and the Spanish Civil War. She predicted, accurately, that the "events in Spain were a prelude to another world war". Her stories about the suffering of Spanish refugees became the basis for a fundraising appeal in the *Manchester Guardian*. Cunard herself helped deliver supplies and organize the relief effort, but poor health – caused in part by exhaustion and the conditions in the camps – forced her to return to Paris, where she stood on the streets collecting funds for the refugees. In the pages of Sylvia Pankhurst's *The New Times and Ethiopia News,* in a comment on how ingrained race and colonial prejudices were even among the Left, she suggested that had the Spanish Popular Front government engaged the good-will of its colonial subjects, the fascist rebellion against the republic might have strangled where it first broke out – in Spanish Morocco.

In 1937 she published a series of pamphlets of war poetry, including the work of W. H. Auden, Tristan Tzara and Pablo Neruda. Later in 1937, together with Auden and Stephen Spender, she distributed a questionnaire about the war to writers in Europe. The results were published by the *Left Review* as *Authors Take Sides on the Spanish War*.

The questionnaire to 200 writers asked the following question: "Are you for, or against, the legal government and people of Republican Spain? Are you for, or against, Franco and Fascism? For it is impossible any longer to take no side."

There were 147 answers, of which 126 supported the Republic, including W. H. Auden, Samuel Beckett and Rebecca West.

Five writers explicitly responded in favour of Franco: they were Evelyn Waugh, Edmund Blunden, Arthur Machen, Geoffrey Moss and Eleanor Smith.

Among sixteen responses that Cunard, in her eventually published compendium, grouped under the sceptical heading "Neutral?" were H. G. Wells, Ezra Pound, T. S. Eliot and Vera Brittain.

The most famous response was not included: it came from George Orwell, and began:

> Will you please stop sending me this bloody rubbish. This is the second or third time I have had it. I am not one of your fashionable pansies like Auden or Spender, I was six months in Spain, most of the time fighting, I have a bullet hole in me at present and I am not going to write blah about defending democracy or gallant little anybody....

Several other writers also declined to contribute, including Virginia Woolf, Bertrand Russell, E. M. Forster, and James Joyce.

During World War II, Cunard worked, to the point of physical exhaustion, as a translator in London on behalf of the French Resistance.

## Later life

After the war, Cunard gave up her home at Réanville and travelled extensively. In June 1948, she travelled from Trinidad to the United Kingdom, on board the HMT *Empire Windrush*. The voyage and the ship later became well known because the other passengers on board included one of the first large groups of post-war West Indian immigrants to the United Kingdom.

In September 1948 she started renting a small house in the French village Lamothe-Fénelon in the Dordogne Valley. In later years she suffered from mental illness and poor physical health, worsened by alcoholism, poverty, and self-destructive behaviour. She was committed to a mental hospital after a fight with London police. After her release, her health declined even further, and she weighed less than 60 pounds when she was found on the street in Paris and brought to the Hôpital Cochin, where she died two days later.

Her body was returned to England for cremation and the remains were sent back to the Cimetière du Père-Lachaise in Paris. Her ashes rest in urn number 9016.

## Tributes

Constantin Brâncuși's *La Jeune Fille Sophistiquée* (*Portrait de Nancy Cunard*), a polished bronze on a carved marble base (1932), sold in May 2018 for US$71 million (with fees) at Christie's New York, setting a world record auction price for the artist.

According to an account of drafts of the poem "Nancy Cunard" by Mina Loy held in Yale University Library,

> Drafts of Loy's poem about Nancy Cunard, her friend, fellow poet, and editor of The Hours Press, provide a window on her \[Loy's\] creative process. The final, published version of the poem ends with lines derived from this draft's beginning and its final lines are now the poem's centre:
>
> The vermilion wall receding as a sin beyond your moonstone whiteness, Your chiffon voice.

## Works

* *Outlaws* (1921), poems
* *Sublunary* (1923), poems
* *Parallax* (1925, Hogarth Press), poems
* *Poems (Two)* (1925, Aquila Press), poems
* *Poems* (1930)
* *Black Man and White Ladyship* (1931) polemic pamphlet
* *Negro* (1934) anthology of African literature and art, editor
* *Authors Take Sides* (1937) pamphlet, compiler
* *Los poetas del mundo defienden al pueblo español* (1937, Paris), co-editor with Pablo Neruda
* *The White Man's Duty: An analysis of the colonial question in the light of the Atlantic Charter* (with George Padmore) (1942)
* *Poems for France*, La France libre, London, 1944 and *Poèmes à la France*, Seghers, Paris, 1947
* *Releve into Marquis* (1944)
* *Grand Man: Memories of Norman Douglas* (1954)
* *GM: Memories of George Moore* (1956)
* *These Were the Hours: Memories of My Hours Press, Réanville and Paris, 1928–1931* (1969), autobiography
* *Poems of Nancy Cunard: from the Bodleian Library* (2005), edited with an introduction by John Lucas.
* *Selected Poems* (2016), edited with an introduction by Sandeep Parmar.

## Further reading

* Burkhart, Charles. *Herman and Nancy and Ivy: Three Lives in Art* (Victor Gollancz, 1977)
* de Courcy, Anne (2022). *Five Love Affairs and a Friendship: The Paris Life of Nancy Cunard, Icon of the Jazz Age* (Hardcover). London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 9781474617413.

## InfoBox

| Nancy Cunard | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Nancy Clara Cunard
(1896-03-10)10 March 1896
London, England |
| Died | 17 March 1965(1965-03-17) (aged 69)
Paris, France |
| Occupation | Writer
Political activist |
| Nationality | British |
| Genre | Poetry |
| Spouse | Sydney Fairbairn  (m. 1916; div. 1925) |
| Relatives | Sir Bache Cunard (father)
Maud Cunard (mother) |


title: Zana Muhsen

abstract: Zana Muhsen, is a British author known for her book Sold: Story of Modern-day Slavery and its follow-up A Promise to Nadia. The books narrate the experiences that she and her sister Nadia went through after they were sold into marriage by their father, Muthanna Muhsen, a Yemeni émigré.

text:
# Zana Muhsen

**Zana Muhsen** (born in 1965 in Birmingham, England), is a British author known for her book *Sold: Story of Modern-day Slavery* and its follow-up *A Promise to Nadia*. The books narrate the experiences that she and her sister Nadia (born 1966) went through after they were sold into marriage by their father, Muthanna Muhsen, a Yemeni émigré.

## Overview

In the books and in interviews, Muhsen states that she and her sister had been sent to Yemen under the assumption that they were going on holiday to meet the paternal side of their family. Muhsen asserts that neither she nor her sister were aware of their father's plans, although her sister Nadia says that her father showed her a photograph of her future husband, Mohammed, in the UK, and that she knew she was going to be married.

On their arrival in Maqbanah, Zana, 15 and Nadia, 13 learned from Abdul Khada that she was the spouse of a teenage son of the father's friend. Zana lived in a town called Hockail and Nadia lived in Ashube. Their mother, Miriam Ali, an English woman, appealed unsuccessfully to the Foreign Office for assistance, but was told that the Yemeni government had stated that as they were now married to Yemeni men, they could only leave the country with their husbands' permission.

In 1987, an *Observer* journalist, Eileen McDonald, visited the girls and wrote a series of articles portraying the Muhsens as cruelly-treated slaves. The girls begged McDonald, and her male photographer, to help them leave the country, and the media coverage provoked an outcry in the UK. This led to the Yemeni government giving the Muhsens permission to leave the country in 1988, but forbade them from taking their children (Zana had one child, Marcus, Cyan and Leam, and Nadia three, Haney and Tina are two of them).

Zana Muhsen remained in England and in 1992, wrote *Sold: Story of Modern-day Slavery* with the ghostwriter Andrew Crofts, describing her experiences. It became an international bestseller and was dramatised by BBC Radio 4. The picture of a veiled woman on the cover of *Sold* is Nadia Muhsen. In 2001, Zana Muhsen and Crofts wrote a follow-up, *A Promise to Nadia - the true story of a British slave*. Nadia Muhsen gave an interview to Melanie Finn, a journalist for The Guardian, in 2002 in which she stated that she was happy with her life, saying, "It was never in my mind that I wanted to leave. It's just my sister, she wasn't comfortable."

According to Zana's Instagram in 2015, Nadia and her children (including Marcus) had made it to England.

## Bibliography

* *Sold: Story of Modern-day Slavery* (1994)
* *A Promise to Nadia'* (2000)

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Zana Muhsen | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1965 (age 5859)<br>Birmingham, England |
| Occupation | Author |
| Subject | Non-fiction |
| Notable works | *Sold: Story of Modern-day Slavery, A Promise to Nadia* |


title: Natalia Sokolovskaya

abstract: Natalia Sokolovskaya is a Russian pianist and composer.

text:
# Natalia Sokolovskaya

**Natalia Sokolovskaya** (Russian: Наталья Соколовская; born in June, 1989) is a Russian pianist and composer.

## Biography

Sokolovskaya, born in Russia, began playing the piano and composing at the age of 3. She studied at the Moscow Conservatory from 2007-13.

Since her first solo recital in 2003, she has given many recitals in the UK, Australia, Germany, Austria, France, Italy, Spain, Czech Republic, Taiwan, Russia and Malta. She has also performed with, among others, CBCO, Sinfónica del Vallès, St-Petersburg State Symphony Orchestra "Classica", Philharmonic Orchestra of Kharkov, Yaroslavl, Astrakhan *etc.*

She released a 2017 album of *Piano Works* by Leoš Janáček (OnClassical OC18060C). She also appeared on Guy Bacos's 2017 albums *Christmas Variations* and *Mourning, Elegy, and Others*.

She has written her own Paganini Variations.

## Competitions

* 2016 - First German Piano Open Competition, Germany - special prize
* 2015 - International Piano Competition "Cidade de Ferrol", Spain - third prize
* 2015 - MozARTe International Piano Competition, Germany - first prize
* 2015 - Nuova Coppa Piano Competition, Osimo, Italy - second prize
* 2014 - María Herrero Piano Competition, Spain - first prize
* 2013 - Ricard Viñes International Piano Competition, Spain - first prize
* 2008 - Camillo Togni Competition, Italy - first prize

Sokolovskaya has won numerous prizes including at the Dudley Yamaha International Piano Competition (UK 2014), Wells (UK) *etc.* She won a special prize at the First German Piano Open Competition (2016).

## InfoBox

| Natalia SokolovskayaНаталья Соколовская | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Natalia Sokolovskaya |
| Born | (1989-06-05) 5 June 1989<br>Astrakhan, Russia |
| Genres | Instrumental |
| Occupation | Pianist |
| Years active | 2003–present |


title: National Geothermal Data System

abstract: The National Geothermal Data System (NGDS) is an American distributed data network that collects and provides public access to digital geothermal exploration and development information. Data includes borehole temperature measurements, geothermal gradients, active faults, and geochemical analyses.

text:
# National Geothermal Data System

The **National Geothermal Data System** (**NGDS**) is an American distributed data network that collects and provides public access to digital geothermal exploration and development information. Data includes borehole temperature measurements, geothermal gradients, active faults, and geochemical analyses.

## History

NGDS was initially funded by the United States Department of Energy Geothermal Technologies Program (awards DE-EE0001120 and DE-EE002850), as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.

The National Geothermal Data System makes use of the large collection of hard copy documents stored in state geological survey archives. These documents include maps, field notes and well logs relevant to geothermal exploration and development. Some of the information was originally gathered for use by the oil industry. NGDS facilitates the digitization of this data, and ensures that data from various sources is stored in a compatible format to facilitate standardized search terms and geospatial analyses. Participating agencies maintain ownership and control of data they contribute.

Once digitized, the NGDS provides free public access to the data by means of a distributed network of online databases, and also provide the public with free and open-source software with which to search and view the data.

## Participating Agencies

NGDS primary contributors include the United States Geological Survey, Southern Methodist University, and the Association of American State Geologists.

Most agencies that contribute data to NGDS host their data on their own servers; some smaller agencies submit their data to contract-designated *hubs*, while still owning their data. NGDS hub states include Arizona, Illinois, Kentucky, and Nevada.

Participating agencies also submit metadata records to a central web-accessible catalog, describing the data that has been contributed to NGDS. Both NGDS data and the NGDS catalog can be accessed by common web browsers and web applications. NGDS data can also be accessed by geographic information system software applications including ArcGIS, UDig, QGIS, and GvSIG.

## InfoBox

| National Geothermal Data System (NGDS) | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | data |
| Location | United States |
| Protocols | WFS, WMS, ESRI Map Service, CSW |
| Established | May 28, 2014 |
| Current status | operational |
| Commercial? | No |
| Funding | Original funding provided by United States Department of Energy |


title: Natasha D'Schommer

abstract: Natasha D'Schommer is a photographer in Minneapolis, Minnesota, known for photographing rare books and manuscripts. D'Schommer was born in Minneapolis in 1972. "She graduated from New England College in West Sussex, England, with a degree in English literature, and completed a Master of Fine Arts degree at Vermont College of Fine Arts." D'Schommer was a 2005 recipient of the McKnight Photography Fellowship. D'Schommer photographs rare books and musical manuscripts, including Ludwig van Beethoven’s sketchbooks (1815), the Gutenberg Bible (1455), J.S. Bach's Cantata No. 33, and original copies of all of the first four printed Bibles as well as copy of the Qur'an from about 1700.

text:
# Natasha D'Schommer

**Natasha D'Schommer** is a photographer in Minneapolis, Minnesota, known for photographing rare books and manuscripts.

D'Schommer was born in Minneapolis in 1972. "She graduated from New England College in West Sussex, England, with a degree in English literature, and completed a Master of Fine Arts degree at Vermont College of Fine Arts."

D'Schommer was a 2005 recipient of the McKnight Photography Fellowship. D'Schommer photographs rare books and musical manuscripts, including Ludwig van Beethoven’s sketchbooks (1815), the Gutenberg Bible (1455), J.S. Bach's Cantata No. 33, and original copies of all of the first four printed Bibles as well as copy of the Qur'an from about 1700.


title: Zatrephes rosella

abstract: Zatrephes rosella is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Walter Rothschild in 1917. It is found in French Guiana.

text:
# Zatrephes rosella

***Zatrephes rosella*** is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Walter Rothschild in 1917. It is found in French Guiana.

## InfoBox

| *Zatrephes rosella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Zatrephes* |
| Species: | ***Z. rosella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Zatrephes rosella***<br>Rothschild, 1917 | |
|


title: Zatrephes rufescens

abstract: Zatrephes rufescens is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Walter Rothschild in 1909. It is found in Brazil, French Guiana and Suriname.The genus was erected by Jacob Hübner in 1819. It was formerly considered part of the Arctiidae

text:
# Zatrephes rufescens

***Zatrephes rufescens*** is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Walter Rothschild in 1909. It is found in Brazil, French Guiana and Suriname.The genus was erected by Jacob Hübner in 1819. It was formerly considered part of the Arctiidae

## InfoBox

| *Zatrephes rufescens* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Zatrephes* |
| Species: | ***Z. rufescens*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Zatrephes rufescens***<br>Rothschild, 1909 | |
|


title: Zdeněk Procházka

abstract: Zdeněk Procházka was a Czechoslovak football midfielder who played for Czechoslovakia in the 1954 FIFA World Cup. He also played for AC Sparta Prague.

text:
# Zdeněk Procházka

**Zdeněk Procházka** (12 January 1928 – 24 September 2016) was a Czechoslovak football midfielder who played for Czechoslovakia in the 1954 FIFA World Cup. He also played for AC Sparta Prague.

## InfoBox

Zdeněk Procházka
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1928-01-12)12 January 1928 | | |
| Place of birth | Czechoslovakia | | |
| Date of death | 24 September 2016(2016-09-24) (aged 88) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1946-1952 | SK Viktoria Žižkov |  |  |
| 1952-1961 | AC Sparta Prague | 167 | (15) |
| 1961-1965 | TJ Viktoria Žižkov |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1953–1957 | Czechoslovakia | 8 | (1) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |