title: Moshe Provençal

abstract: Moshe ben Avraham Provençal (1503–1576) was an Italian posek, Hebrew grammarian, and mathematician.

text:
# Moshe Provençal

**Moshe ben Avraham Provençal** (1503–1576) was an Italian posek, Hebrew grammarian, and mathematician.

## Biography

Provençal's surname suggests that his family hailed from Provence. In the aftermath of Provence's incorporation into France in the 1480s, the local Jewish population was expelled between 1498 and 1501. Like much of the exiled Jewish population, it is likely that Provençal's family fled from Provence to Italy in the years shortly before his birth.

Provençal was born in Casale Monferrato in north-west Italy. In 1535, he composed a poetic guide to the rules of Hebrew grammar entitled *B'shem Kadmon*, which was later published in Venice by the author's grandchildren in October or November 1596. By 1550, he was Chief Rabbi of Mantua, in the North-Italian Duchy of Mantua.

During the infamous Tamari-Venturozzo divorce scandal of 1564, the Italian rabbinate was split over the validity of Samuel Venturozzo's bill of divorce. The halakhic debate quickly descended into a fierce and raging legal feud which eventually came to include halakhic giants from Safed and Thessaloniki. Provençal spearheaded the rabbinic group arguing that Venturozzo's bill of divorce was invalid. In 1566, Provençal published a pamphlet making his case and arguing that the opposing rabbis did not follow proper judicial protocol. By 1574, the debate was resolved, and the Italian rabbinate was reconciled. Provençal died on 30 July 1576.

Provençal's responsa, known as *She'elot u'Teshuvot Rabbeinu Moshe Provençal* (first printed: 2 vols., Jerusalem, 1989–98), have often been studied and quoted by later rabbinical authorities.


title: Pelecyphora strobiliformis

abstract: Pelecyphora strobiliformis is a species of cactus from Mexico. Its numbers in the wild have been reduced by collecting; it is listed in Appendix I of CITES but only as of "Least Concern" by the IUCN.

text:
# Pelecyphora strobiliformis

***Pelecyphora strobiliformis*** is a species of cactus from Mexico. Its numbers in the wild have been reduced by collecting; it is listed in Appendix I of CITES (meaning that international trade is severely controlled) but only as of "Least Concern" by the IUCN.

## Description

*Pelecyphora strobiliformis* grows with spherical or depressed spherical bodies that are 4 to 6 centimeters in diameter. The warts that lie on the surface overlap each other. They are slightly keeled and the outline is triangular. The warts are 8 to 12 millimeters long and 7 to 12 millimeters wide at their base. The 7 to 12 flexible, whitish, non-persistent spines are arranged somewhat comb-shaped at the tip of the wart and are 5 millimeters long.

The magenta-colored flowers reach a diameter of 1.5 to 3 centimeters. The small fruits are hidden in the hair on the crown. When ripe, they dry out and eventually break down over time.

## Distribution

Pelecyphora strobiliformis is widespread in the Mexican states of Nuevo León, Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosí in the Chihuahuan Desert at altitudes below 1600 meters.

## Taxonomy

The first description as *Ariocarpus strobiliformis* was made in 1927 by Erich Werdermann. The specific epithet hintonii honors the Mexican farmer and plant collector George Sebastián Hinton (\* 1949), who discovered the species. Alwin Berger described the monotypic genus *Encephalocarpus* for this species in 1929. Alberto Vojtěch Frič and Ernst Schelle placed them in the genus *Pelecyphora* in 1935.

## InfoBox

| *Pelecyphora strobiliformis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| CITES Appendix I (CITES) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Cactaceae |
| Subfamily: | Cactoideae |
| Genus: | *Pelecyphora* |
| Species: | ***P. strobiliformis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pelecyphora strobiliformis***
(Werderm.) Frič & Schelle ex Kreutz. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Ariocarpus strobiliformis* Werderm. 1927 * *Encephalocarpus strobiliformis* (Werderm.) A.Berger 1929 | |


title: Motherwell, South Africa

abstract: Motherwell is a fast growing township in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. It forms part of the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality which is the metropolitan area comprising Gqeberha, Despatch, Uitenhage and other surrounding towns.

text:
# Motherwell, South Africa

**Motherwell** is a fast growing township in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. It forms part of the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality which is the metropolitan area comprising Gqeberha, Despatch, Uitenhage and other surrounding towns.

## History

Motherwell was planned to accommodate the black squatters who were relocated from Zwide (and *Veeplaas*), and construction began in 1984. It is the largest settlement in terms of population and land area in Port Elizabeth.

## Geography

Motherwell is a township with about 140000 inhabitants (2011) about 25 km north of the Gqeberha city centre and is situated on the northern outskirts of the city's metropolitan area.

It is separated into blocks called "NU"s \[Native Units\] (e.g. NU5 or NU8).

Neighbouring include Swartkops River nature reserve in the south-west and Markman Industrial Park in the east. Further but nearby communities include Amsterdamhoek/Bluewater Bay, Swartkops, Wells Estate/Saint George's Strand and Coega.

## Facilities

Motherwell has a number of public schools, both at primary and secondary level. It also has a clinic; a day hospital; library; numerous public parks; community centers.

## InfoBox

| Motherwell | |
| --- | --- |
| MotherwellMotherwell | |
| Coordinates: 33°48′14″S 25°34′48″E / 33.804°S 25.580°E / -33.804; 25.580 | |
| Country | South Africa |
| Province | Eastern Cape |
| Municipality | Nelson Mandela Bay |
| Area | |
| Total | 25.86 km2 (9.98 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 140,351 |
| Density | 5,400/km2 (14,000/sq mi) |
| Racial makeup (2011) | |
| Black African | 99.2% |
| Coloured | 0.3% |
| Indian/Asian | 0.1% |
| White | 0.1% |
| Other | 0.4% |
| First languages (2011) | |
| Xhosa | 93.1% |
| English | 2.9% |
| Other | 4.0% |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (SAST) |
| Postal code (street) | 6211 |
| PO box | 6213 |


title: Peel Shire

abstract: Peel Shire was a local government area, in New South Wales, Australia. Peel Shire was proclaimed in 1907 and covered a rural area surrounding the town of Tamworth. It was named after the Peel River which runs through the area. Peel Shire was amalgamated with Cockburn Shire to form Parry Shire. In 2004, the City of Tamworth, and the surrounding shires Parry Shire, Nundle Shire, Manilla Shire and Barraba Shire were amalgamated to form the Tamworth Regional Council local government area.

text:
# Peel Shire

**Peel Shire** was a local government area, in New South Wales, Australia.

Peel Shire was proclaimed in 1907 and covered a rural area surrounding the town ( and later, city ) of Tamworth. It was named after the Peel River which runs through the area.

Peel Shire was amalgamated with Cockburn Shire to form Parry Shire. In 2004, the City of Tamworth, and the surrounding shires Parry Shire, Nundle Shire, Manilla Shire and Barraba Shire were amalgamated to form the Tamworth Regional Council local government area.


title: Mothertime

abstract: Mothertime is a 1997 British film directed by Matthew Jacobs.

text:
# Mothertime

***Mothertime*** is a 1997 British film directed by Matthew Jacobs.

## Plot

Vanessa and her siblings watch, as their divorced mother once again becomes drunk, making the children believe their Christmas will be ruined once again. Some drastic changes must be taken. When their mother is drunk, they take her and lock her in a basement to dry out. So begins a conspiracy to hide her absence from their father and the cleaning lady. The children feed their mother and spend many hours in the basement with her, hence the title *Mothertime*. The children also spend time with their beloved father and his new wife hoping to spring a new but long lost family whole again. Unfortunately, the manoeuvres are not so easy.

## Cast

## Awards

* Won a Gold Award for Theatrical Feature at WorldFest-Flagstaff.

## InfoBox

| Mothertime | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Matthew Jacobs |
| Written by | **Novel:**
Gillian White |
| Produced by | Josh Golding |
| Starring | Kate Maberly
Gina McKee
Anthony Andrews
Imogen Stubbs
Sheila Allen
Zohren Weiss
Felix Bell
Rosalind Bennett
Faith Brook
Megan De Wolf
Stephanie Fayerman |
| Cinematography | Peter Hannan |
| Edited by | Rodney Holland
Pamela Power |
| Music by | John Harle |
| Distributed by | BBC Films |
| Release dates | * 28 December 1997 (1997-12-28) (UK) * 1 January 1998 (1998-01-01) (U.S.) |
| Running time | 87 minutes |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |


title: Peel South

abstract: Peel South was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1968 to 1974. It was located in the province of Ontario. The riding was created in 1966 from parts of the Peel riding. It consisted of the Township of Toronto in the County of Peel, and the part of Metropolitan Toronto lying west of the Etobicoke River. The electoral district's name was changed in late 1973 to Mississauga, on a request by then MP Don Blenkarn, to coincide with the creation of the City of Mississauga. It was abolished in 1976 when it was redistributed between Brampton—Halton Hills, Mississauga North and Mississauga South ridings.

text:
# Peel South

**Peel South** (also known as **Mississauga** riding) was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1968 to 1974. It was located in the province of Ontario. The riding was created in 1966 from parts of the Peel riding.

It consisted of the Township of Toronto in the County of Peel, and the part of Metropolitan Toronto lying west of the Etobicoke River.

The electoral district's name was changed in late 1973 to **Mississauga**, on a request by then MP Don Blenkarn, to coincide with the creation of the City of Mississauga. It was abolished in 1976 when it was redistributed between Brampton—Halton Hills, Mississauga North and Mississauga South ridings.

## Members of Parliament

| Parliament | Years | Member | | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Peel South
*Riding created from* Peel** | | | | |
| 28th | 1968–1972 |  | Hyliard Chappell | Liberal |
| 29th | 1972–1974 |  | Don Blenkarn | Progressive Conservative |
| **Mississauga** | | | | |
| 30th | 1974–1979 |  | Anthony Abbott | Liberal |
| ***Riding dissolved into* Brampton—Halton Hills, Mississauga North
*and* Mississauga South** | | | | |

## Election results

| 1968 Canadian federal election: Peel South | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Liberal | Hyliard Chappell | 24,255 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Earl K. Brownridge | 19,065 |
|  | New Democratic | Keith Wollard | 8,498 |

| 1972 Canadian federal election: Peel South | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Don Blenkarn | 31,981 |
|  | Liberal | Bill Kent | 30,305 |
|  | New Democratic | David Busby | 18,553 |
|  | Independent | Michael Houlton | 461 |

| 1974 Canadian federal election: Mississauga | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Liberal | Anthony Abbott | 38,517 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Don Blenkarn | 34,080 |
|  | New Democratic | David Busby | 14,276 |
|  | Independent | Richard C. Darwin | 227 |
|  | Marxist–Leninist | David A. Starbuck | 113 |

## InfoBox

Peel South
| Ontario electoral district | |
| --- | --- |
| Defunct federal electoral district | |
| Legislature | House of Commons |
| District created | 1966 |
| District abolished | 1976 |
| First contested | 1968 |
| Last contested | 1974 |


title: Mothership Tour

abstract: The Mothership Tour was the first tour by the American electronic music artist Skrillex. The tour had 66 shows, 50 in the United States and Canada, and 16 in Europe. The tour was set to include many guest acts such as the Foreign Beggars, Skream, Benga, Nero, 12th Planet, Diplo, Two Fresh, and Nadastrom.

text:
# Mothership Tour

The **Mothership Tour** was the first tour by the American electronic music artist Skrillex. The tour had 66 shows, 50 in the United States and Canada, and 16 in Europe. The tour was set to include many guest acts such as the Foreign Beggars, Skream, Benga, Nero, 12th Planet, Diplo, Two Fresh, and Nadastrom.

## Tour dates

| Date | City | Country | Venue |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **North America** | | | | | | |
| September 22, 2011 | San Diego | United States | Petco Park |
| September 23, 2011 | Las Vegas | | Surrender |
| September 24, 2011 | Salt Lake City | | Saltair |
| September 26, 2011 | El Paso | | Buchanans |
| September 27, 2011 | San Antonio | | Rio |
| September 28, 2011 | Dallas | | Palladium |
| September 29, 2011 | Houston | | Stereo Live |
| September 30, 2011 | New Orleans | | Sugar Mill |
| October 1, 2011 | Atlanta | | Tabernacle |
| October 2, 2011 | Raleigh | | Long Branch |
| October 4, 2011 | Norfolk | | Norva |
| October 5, 2011 | Baltimore | | Rams Head |
| October 6, 2011 | Washington, D.C. | | Fur |
| October 7, 2011 | Richmond | | National |
| October 8, 2011 | Philadelphia | | Electric Factory |
| October 9, 2011 | Sayreville | | Starland Ballroom |
| October 10, 2011 | Buffalo | | Town Ballroom |
| October 11, 2011 | Syracuse | | Center of Progress |
| October 12, 2011 | Portland | | State Theater |
| October 13, 2011 | Burlington | | Memorial Auditorium |
| October 14, 2011 | Montreal | Canada | Metropolis |
| October 15, 2011 | Toronto | | Kool Haus |
| October 18, 2011 | Saskatoon | | Tequila |
| October 19, 2011 | Calgary | | Flames Central |
| October 20, 2011 | Edmonton | | EDM Events Centre |
| October 21, 2011 | Vancouver | | Pne Forum |
| October 22, 2011 | Vernon (Cancelled) | | Wesbild Center |
| October 24, 2011 | Spokane | United States | Knitting Factory |
| October 25, 2011 | Seattle | | WaMu Theater |
| October 26, 2011 | Eugene | | McDonald Theatre |
| October 27, 2011 | Portland | | Roseland |
| October 28, 2011 | San Francisco | | Warfield |
| October 29, 2011 | Los Angeles | | Hard Haunted Mansion |
| October 30, 2011 | Phoenix | | Marquee Theater |
| October 31, 2011 | Broomfield | | 1st Bank Center |
| November 2, 2011 | Lawrence | | Liberty Hall |
| November 3, 2011 | St. Louis | | The Pageant |
| November 4, 2011 | Memphis | | Minglewood Hall |
| November 6, 2011 | Asheville | | Orange Peel |
| November 8, 2011 | Bloomington | | Bluebird |
| November 9, 2011 | Columbus | | LC Pavilion |
| November 10, 2011 | Indianapolis | | Egyptian Room |
| November 11, 2011 | Chicago | | Congress Theater |
| November 12, 2011 | | |
| December 10, 2011 | Athens | | Georgia Theater |
| December 11, 2011 | Jacksonville | | Freebird |
| December 12, 2011 | Tallahassee | | The Moon |
| December 15, 2011 | Orlando | | House of Blues |
| December 16, 2011 | Tampa | | Ritz Ybor |
| December 17, 2011 | Miami | | The Filmore |
|

## InfoBox

The Mothership Tour
| Tour by Skrillex | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional poster | |
| Associated album | *Scary Monsters and Nice Sprites*, *More Monsters and Sprites*, *Bangarang*, *Voltage* |
| Start date | September 22, 2011 (2011-09-22) |
| End date | December 17, 2011 (2011-12-17) |
| Legs | 2 |
| No. of shows | 50 in North America, 16 in Europe; 66 Total |
| Skrillex concert chronology | |


title: Pehlivanköy–Svilengrad railway

abstract: The Edirne cut-off is a 80 km (50 mi) long rail line from Pehlivanköy, Turkey to Svilengrad, Bulgaria. The line was built in 1971 by the Turkish State Railways in order to avoid crossing the border with Greece twice, on the former Oriental Railway's main line, in order to get to Edirne. The Hellenic Railways Organisation (OSE) also built a cut-off from Neo Vyssa to Marasia in the same year. These two new rail lines led to the abandonment of the former CO main line in to Edirne Karaağaç Railway Station.

text:
# Pehlivanköy–Svilengrad railway

The **Edirne cut-off** is a 80 km (50 mi) long rail line from Pehlivanköy, Turkey to Svilengrad, Bulgaria. The line was built in 1971 by the Turkish State Railways in order to avoid crossing the border with Greece twice, on the former Oriental Railway's main line, in order to get to Edirne. The Hellenic Railways Organisation (OSE) also built a cut-off from Neo Vyssa to Marasia in the same year. These two new rail lines led to the abandonment of the former CO main line in to Edirne Karaağaç Railway Station.

## Route description

From Pehlivanköy, the line follows the line to Pythio for about 5 km before turning North West to go to Edirne in almost straight line across flat lands. Near Edirne, the line is on the bank of the Meriç River (Maritsa), squeezed between the river itself and the old city. The line goes over the Tunca (Tundzha) river and then goes in almost straight line again to Kapıkule railway station. the Bulgarian border is crossed after Kapıkule and before Kapitan Andrevo. Finally, the line will cross the Maritsa to enter Svilengrad station.

## InfoBox

| Pehlivanköy–Svilengrad railway | |
| --- | --- |
| The Tundzha bridge in Edirne. | |
| Overview | |
| Status | Operating |
| Owner | Turkish State Railways (Pehlivanköy–Kapıkule)<br>Bulgarian State Railways (Kapıkule–Svilengrad) |
| Locale | Western Thrace |
| Termini |  |
| Stations | 7 |
| Service | |
| Type | Heavy rail |
| System | TCDD, BDZ |
| Depot(s) | Edirne Yard, Kapıkule Yard |
| History | |
| Opened | 23 May 1971 |
| Technical | |
| Line length | 80 km (50 mi) |
| Number of tracks | 1 |
| Character | Mainline |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) standard gauge |
| Electrification | 25 kV 50 Hz |
| Operating speed | 100 km/h (62 mph) |
| Route map | |


title: Gaius Marcius Rutilus Censorinus

abstract: Gaius Marcius Rutilus Censorinus was a Roman politician from the plebeian gens Marcia in the fourth and third centuries BC.

text:
# Gaius Marcius Rutilus Censorinus

**Gaius Marcius Rutilus Censorinus** was a Roman politician from the plebeian gens Marcia in the fourth and third centuries BC.

## Family

His father Gaius Marcius Rutilus was consul four times in the years 357 - 342 BC.

## Career

Marcius served as tribune of the people in 311 BC. In 310, he was consul together with Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus. In that year, he fought against the Samnites and conquered Alifae in Campania, but was seriously wounded in a subsequent battle. In 300, he was named as one of the first plebeian pontiffs and as augur. He served as censor in 294 and 265 BC. He is said to have brought forward a law precluding anyone from holding the censorship more than twice in the future.

It is because of this law that he is attributed the cognomen *Censorinus.*

He was perhaps the first princeps senatus, appointed in 275 BC.


title: Gaius Memmius (consul 34 BC)

abstract: Gaius Memmius was a Roman senator who was appointed suffect consul in 34 BC.

text:
# Gaius Memmius (consul 34 BC)

**Gaius Memmius** (born c. 70 BC) was a Roman senator who was appointed suffect consul in 34 BC.

## Biography

Gaius Memmius was the son of Gaius Memmius. His mother was Fausta Cornelia, thus making him a grandson of controversial Lucius Cornelius Sulla, the former dictator of Rome. A Novus homo, very little is known of his career, and it is unknown whether he was a supporter of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus or of Marcus Antonius. He was appointed *consul suffectus* in 34 BC, replacing Lucius Scribonius Libo. He was later appointed proconsular governor of Asia, sometime after 30 BC. During his tenure as governor, Memmius set up monument honoring himself and three generations of his family, which still survives today. The inscription reads:

> C∙MEMMIO∙C∙F∙SULLAE∙FELICIS∙N∙EX∙PEQUNI(A)

which translates as:

> To Gaius Memmius, son of Gaius Memmius, grandson of Sulla Felix (paid for this monument) from his own funds.

## Sources

## Further reading


title: Pedreiras, Maranhão

abstract: Pedreiras, Maranhão is a municipality in the state of Maranhão in the Northeast region of Brazil.

text:
# Pedreiras, Maranhão

**Pedreiras, Maranhão** is a municipality in the state of Maranhão in the Northeast region of Brazil.

4°34′26″S 44°35′49″W / 4.57389°S 44.5969°W / -4.57389; -44.5969

## InfoBox

| Pedreiras, Maranhão | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Country | Brazil |
| Region | Nordeste |
| State | Maranhão |
| Mesoregion | Centro Maranhense |
| Population (2020 ) | |
| Total | 39,191 |
| Time zone | UTC−3 (BRT) |


title: Phil Gallagher (game designer)

abstract: Phil Gallagher is a game designer who has worked primarily on role-playing games.

text:
# Phil Gallagher (game designer)

**Phil Gallagher** is a game designer who has worked primarily on role-playing games.

## Career

Phil Gallagher worked for the UK publisher Games Workshop. Games Workshop was looking for a company interested in a license to *Warhammer Fantasy Roleplay*, so James Wallis of Hogshead Publishing called Gallagher and obtained the license.

His *D&D* design work includes *When a Star Falls* (1984), *Blade of Vengeance* (1984), *Where Chaos Reigns* (1985), *Dark Clouds Gather* (1985), and *Night's Dark Terror* (1986).

## InfoBox

| Phil Gallagher | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | British |
| Occupation | Game designer |


title: Pieta Brown

abstract: Pieta Brown is a critically acclaimed American artist, musician, producer, multi-instrumentalist, and singer-songwriter who has released eight albums and five EPs. She has performed with artists such as Mark Knopfler, John Prine, Amos Lee, Justin Vernon and Calexico. Although she's considered a folk/indie singer-songwriter, Brown also names country blues and jazz as strong influences on her musical style.

text:
# Pieta Brown

**Pieta Brown** (born 1973) is a critically acclaimed American artist, musician, producer, multi-instrumentalist, and singer-songwriter who has released eight albums and five EPs. She has performed with artists such as Mark Knopfler, John Prine, Amos Lee, Justin Vernon and Calexico. Although she's considered a folk/indie singer-songwriter, Brown also names country blues and jazz as strong influences on her musical style.

## Early life

Brown was born in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. Her early "bohemian" upbringing was in rural Iowa in a house with no running water, heat, or indoor bathroom. There, Brown was exposed to traditional and rural folk music through her father, singer-songwriter Greg Brown. Brown's parents separated when she was very young and at age 8 she moved to Birmingham, Alabama with her single working mother. Pieta spent her childhood living in 17 different residences between Iowa and Alabama with a short time in St. Paul, Minnesota. While living with her mother in Alabama, Brown began writing poetry and composing instrumental songs on piano.

## Career

Pieta released her self-titled debut record in 2002, co-produced with Grammy Award-winning producer Bo Ramsey, which *NPR Music* heralded as "a ghostly collection of largely melancholy songs rooted in the blues." Her 2005 follow-up *In The Cool* was named one of the year's best by Amazon Music who called it "calming, hypnotic, and seductive." Her next album, *Remember The Sun,* was released in 2007 and was cited as one of the year's best by *The Wall Street Journal*. In 2009, Brown released an EP called *Shimmer*, which was produced by Don Was after hearing her on his car radio in a live solo performance.

In 2010, Brown signed with Red House Records and released *One and All*. She joined Mark Knopfler’s North American tour later that year, had a string of performance dates with John Prine, participated in a full orchestral show with Brandi Carlile, and embarked on her own performance tour in Australia. It was followed by the 2011 release of *Mercury* which held the #1 position on the American Folk Radio Chart for 5 months, was included in *iTunes'* Great Americana Albums of 2011, and landed at #26 in *American Songwriter's* Top 50 Albums of 2011. *All Music Guide* called it "terrific," while *Exclaim!* named it "not just a beautiful album, but an essential one."

Brown released her sixth studio album *Paradise Outlaw* in 2014. It was heralded by many as her most critically successful album to date, including praises from NPR's *Weekend Edition*, *Bust Magazine*, *Folk Alley*, and *American Songwriter* among others. It was recorded and mixed by renowned engineer BJ Burton at April Base Studio and features guests Amos Lee, Mark Knopfler, and studio owner Justin Vernon of Bon Iver. Vernon would later cite this as his "favorite album recorded at April Base."

In 2017, Pieta struck out on her own for her first independent self-release *Postcards*. True to its name, the album explores the role of distance and isolation through collaboration as Brown enlisted special guest artists for each track through the mail. She described the process as “musical postcards,” consisting of her original stripped-down, acoustic shells of the song that each artist would then add their parts to and mail back. The list of collaborators included Mark Knopfler, Calexico, Mason Jennings, Mike Lewis, David Lindley, and Carrie Rodriguez among many others. The unique nature of *Postcards* won over critics, including *Billboard*, *Chicago Tribune*, *Guitar World*, and *American Songwriter* who stated, “Brown sounds committed and melancholy throughout, a natural extension of the solitary circumstances that created this moving, emotional music.”

Pieta’s latest full-length album *Freeway* was released on September 20, 2019 through Ani DiFranco’s Righteous Babe Records. It was co-produced with S. Carey of Bon Iver and recorded at Justin Vernon’s April Base Studios. In addition to Carey, who also plays on the album, it features bassist Mike Lewis (Bon Iver, Andrew Bird) and guitarist Jeremy Ylvisaker (Andrew Bird, Alpha Consumer). *Freeway* was recorded mostly live over the course of just three days with Carey, Lewis, and Ylvisaker hearing the songs for the first time on the spot in the studio while recording. Of the experimental process, Pieta said “it allowed them to rely on their gut instincts and to react to the tunes (and each other) in real time.” *Freeway* was met with widespread critical acclaim from *NPR Music,* *Stereogum*, *Paste*, *Billboard*, *Flood Magazine*, and *American Songwriter* among many others. Don Was also participated by writing the liner notes for the album.

In 2020, Pieta released the collaborative EP/digital triptych *We Are Not Machines* via the artist collective label 37d03d. The 3-track release centers around the single “We Are Not Machines” which features Ani DiFranco and S. Carey. It was originally recorded in November 2019 at Justin Vernon and Aaron Dessner’s annual HIVER Festival in Eaux Claires, WI. The other two tracks on the EP expand on the single’s original theme, featuring contributions from William Brittelle, Holland Andrews, Jenn Wasner, The Metropolis Ensemble, knotahaiku, Limit Infrared, and Grammy-nominated visual artist Eric Timothy Carlson.

Throughout her career to date, Brown has toured and shared stages with Mark Knopfler, John Prine, Brandi Carlile, JJ Cale, Emmylou Harris, Richard Thompson, Ani DiFranco, Calexico, Neko Case, Mason Jennings, Shawn Mullins, Carrie Rodriguez, Howe Gelb and Jim Lauderdale among many others. She has performed at festivals around the world, including Bonnaroo, Mountain Jam, Edmonton Folk Music Festival, Celtic Connections, and more. Pieta has also co-written songs with Amos Lee, Iris Dement, Calexico, Lucie Thorne, Bo Ramsey, and Bertrand Belin among others.

## Film career

In 2017, Pieta relocated to Europe for the better part of a year to star in the leading role of the feminist/indie Swiss foreign film (in French) *Autour de Luisa* ("*Around Luisa"*). Brown also co-wrote several original songs that were featured in the film with French pop singer-songwriter Bertrand Belin, who also appeared in the film. This debut led to an invitation to appear in the underground experimental zombie short film *The Bride*, directed by Vincent Parronaud featuring the music of Thomas De Pourquery and Supersonic.

## Discography

### Studio albums

### Singles and EPs

* 2003: *I Never Told You* (T Records)
* 2007: "This Land Is Your Land" featuring Calexico
* 2008: *Flight Time* (T Records)
* 2009: *Shimmer* (Red House)
* 2015: *Drifters* (Lustre)
* 2020: *We Are Not Machines* (37d03d)

### Compilations and Contributions

* 2002: *Going Driftless: An Artist's Tribute to Greg Brown* (Red House Records) - "Ella Mae"
* 2006: *A Case For Case: A Tribute to the Songs of Peter Case* (Hungry For Music) – "Spell of Wheels"
* 2007: *Just One More: A Tribute To Larry Brown* (Bloodshot) – "Another Place in Time"
* 2008: *Before The Goldrush: A Project to Benefit Teach For America* \- "Birds"
* 2010: *Think Out Loud* \- "King Of My Heart"
* 2011: *A Nod to Bob 2* (Red House) – "Dirt Road Blues"
* 2013: *Fall to Rise* (Little Secret Records) – "Love Over Gold (with Lucie Thorne)"

### Guest Artist

Media related to Pieta Brown at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Pieta Brown | |
| --- | --- |
| Brown on stage in 2011. | |
| Background information | |
| Born | Iowa City, Iowa, United States |
| Genres | Folk, Indie, Americana |
| Instrument(s) | Vocals, guitar, piano |
| Years active | 2002–present |
| Labels | Righteous Babe Records, 37d03d, Red House Records |
|  | |
| Website | pietabrown.com |


title: Hymns (Godflesh album)

abstract: Hymns is the sixth studio album by English industrial metal band Godflesh. It was released on 23 October 2001 through Music for Nations and was the band's final album before breaking up in 2002. In 2010, Godflesh reformed and in 2014 released their comeback album A World Lit Only by Fire. Hymns had a troubled production and was intended to be distinct departure from Godflesh's intensely regimented industrial sound to something more traditionally hard rock. It was the band's second and final album to feature a live drummer rather than a drum machine.

text:
# Hymns (Godflesh album)

***Hymns*** is the sixth studio album by English industrial metal band Godflesh. It was released on 23 October 2001 through Music for Nations and was the band's final album before breaking up in 2002. In 2010, Godflesh reformed and in 2014 released their comeback album *A World Lit Only by Fire*. *Hymns* had a troubled production and was intended to be distinct departure from Godflesh's intensely regimented industrial sound to something more traditionally hard rock. It was the band's second and final album to feature a live drummer rather than a drum machine.

## Background and composition

> "This turned out to be a really long record for us. We put everything on this record that we had recorded ... We racked our brains on what should go and what needed to stay and it was just so hard to decide so we kept it all on. In this end, we said "fuck it!" We did eventually cut just one song, but that was more of an experimental song with beats that sounded like something from *Us and Them*. I didn't want anything like that on the record 'cause I absolutely fucking hated that album."

Justin Broadrick on the album's content.

Following the under-promoted release of *Us and Them* (1999), Godflesh left Earache Records and was without their support for the first time since the band's self-titled debut EP in 1988. Despite already having some *Hymns* demos completed, Godflesh had difficulty finding a new label. After being repeatedly turned away, they eventually settled on Music for Nations, a "mainstream" label where frontman Justin Broadrick felt out of place.

*Hymns* was the first Godflesh album with Ted Parsons on drums, who Broadrick called the band's "driving force" and inspiration to continue, and was the group's second album (after 1996's *Songs of Love and Hate*) to feature a non-mechanical drummer. It was also the band's first album since 1989's *Streetcleaner* to be recorded in a professional studio. Parsons later revealed that the band recorded in the studio due to label pressure and described the decision as "a mistake". Broadrick said he found studio jamming refreshing but simultaneously depressing. He called the comparatively traditional recording process "primitive."

Despite Broadrick preferring the album's original demos to the final products, the 13-track, 74-minute album was released on 23 October 2001. Broadrick stated that *Hymns* was a reaction to the previous album because he "lost sight of what Godflesh should be". In contrast, he described *Hymns* as "a new beginning" that was intended to counter the "watered down" rock associated with the popular nu metal genre. Musically, *Hymns* is a more conventional take on heavy metal than Godflesh had ever done before, which was a deliberate choice, according to Broadrick. *Fact* described it as "a strikingly spartan record, boiling the band to its bare bones and adding a little more light into the mix", and Gary Suarez of *Consequence of Sound* said, "*Hymns* is as pure a hard rock record as Godflesh ever made." While Godflesh's sound is often described as minimal, the album was particularly highlighted as a turn to the simplicity of the classic "guitar, bass, human drummer lineup".

The final song on the album, "Jesu", became the name of Broadrick's next project after he dissolved Godflesh on 10 April 2002.

## Live performances

Two weeks before Godflesh was set to tour in support of *Hymns*, G. C. Green, bass player and cofounding member, left the band to focus on his personal life. Broadrick, devastated by the departure, focused his efforts on finding a replacement. Killing Joke bassist Paul Raven ultimately filled the void, and he, Broadrick and Parsons played a handful of shows. In these concerts, "Requiem", a cover of the introductory track from Killing Joke's self-titled debut album, was performed. At one of those performances, Killing Joke singer Jaz Coleman joined Godflesh on stage. After those shows, a tour of North America alongside High on Fire and Isis was planned, but ultimately fell through when Broadrick experienced a nervous breakdown. The *Hymns* era proved to be tumultuous, resulting in few concerts played and the end of Godflesh.

After the band reformed in 2010 and began to play shows again, the set lists were focused on early Godflesh material that Broadrick considered best. As such, no songs from *Hymns* were performed live, though Green suggested they rework and play "Defeated" and Broadrick was interested in playing "Jesu".

## Release

*Hymns* was released on 23 October 2001 through Music for Nations. A remastered version of *Hymns* containing bonus tracks was released on 19 February 2013. Unlike most remasters, Broadrick's goal was to make the album closer to its original demos. Regarding the final sound of the original *Hymns* release, Parsons said, "We were produced by this kind of typical metal producer. He had done a lot of Fear Factory, and bands like that, and you know, he kinda watered it down a little bit." Included among the bonus tracks is the non-album song "If I Could Only Be What You Want", which was recorded during the *Hymns* session and was previously available on the *Loud Music for Loud People* compilation.

### Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Exclaim!* | Favourable |
| *Metal Hammer* | 8/10 |
| *Rock Sound* |  |
| *The Wire* | Favourable |

AllMusic reviewer Jim Harper wrote, "If you can't stand Godflesh and their minimalist approach, then Hymns is unlikely to change your mind, but, for the already converted, this is the best album the band have released in recent years." In 2001, Chris Ayers of *Exclaim!* wrote that *Hymns* was Godflesh's "most ambitious album yet". Blabbermouth.net said that *Hymns* is "often called \[Godflesh's\] finest album". Iain Currie with *Bring the Noise* described *Hymns* as "brilliant" and contextualized the album as "a reminder of how bands of real calibre reacted to that nonsensical period ... when nu-metal was picking up its destructive and soul destroying pace". In a retrospective review of the album, *Treblezine* writer Jeff Terich said, "*Hymns* sounds more relevant than ever, having perfected the art of the beautiful slaughter." In a 2015 interview, Parsons reflected on the reception of *Hymns*, saying "It got good reviews and it got really bad reviews. But I liked the album. I thought it was good."

### Accolades

| Year | Publication | Country | Accolade | Rank | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2001 | *Terrorizer* | United Kingdom | "Albums of the Year" | 13 |  |
| | *Rock Sound* | | "Critics' Poll 2001" | 32 |  |
|
| 2010 | *Decibel* | United States | "The Top 100 Greatest Metal Albums of the Decade" | 91 |  |
|

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Defeated" | 6:07 |
| 2. | "Deaf, Dumb & Blind" | 4:26 |
| 3. | "Paralyzed" | 5:10 |
| 4. | "Anthem" | 5:27 |
| 5. | "Voidhead" | 4:43 |
| 6. | "Tyrant" | 4:07 |
| 7. | "White Flag" | 6:27 |
| 8. | "For Life" | 5:13 |
| 9. | "Animals" | 3:54 |
| 10. | "Vampires" | 6:30 |
| 11. | "Antihuman" | 4:25 |
| 12. | "Regal" | 4:40 |
| 13. | "Jesu" (ends at 6:03 and is followed by a minute of silence before an untitled track begins at 7:03) | 12:51 |
| Total length: | | 74:00 |

2013 reissue bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Voidhead" (Demo 2012 Mix) | 4:51 |
| 2. | "Vampires" (Demo 2012 Mix) | 6:10 |
| 3. | "Deaf, Dumb & Blind" (Demo 2012 Remaster) | 4:37 |
| 4. | "Anthem" (Demo 2012 Remaster) | 5:21 |
| 5. | "Paralyzed" (Demo 2012 Remaster) | 5:10 |
| 6. | "For Life" (Demo 2012 Remaster) | 5:11 |
| 7. | "If I Could Only Be What You Want" (2012 Remaster) | 5:04 |
| Total length: | | 36:24 |

## Personnel

Credits for *Hymns* adapted from 2013 reissue liner notes

**Godflesh**

**Additional personnel**

## InfoBox

| Hymns | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Godflesh | |
| Released | 23 October 2001 (2001-10-23) |
| Recorded | June 2001 |
| Studio | Foel Studio, Llanfair Caereinion, Wales |
| Genre | Industrial metal, sludge metal |
| Length | 74:00 |
| Label |  |
| Producer |  |
| Godflesh chronology | |
| *In All Languages*
(2001) ***Hymns***
(2001) *Messiah*
(2003) | |


title: Pegeen Vail Guggenheim

abstract: Pegeen Vail Guggenheim was a Swiss-born American painter. Her work combines surrealism and naïve art. She was the daughter of the art collector Peggy Guggenheim and the writer Laurence Vail, and the granddaughter of Benjamin Guggenheim, who died on the RMS Titanic in 1912.

text:
# Pegeen Vail Guggenheim

**Pegeen Vail Guggenheim** (August 18, 1925 – March 1, 1967) was a Swiss-born American painter. Her work combines surrealism and naïve art.

She was the daughter of the art collector Peggy Guggenheim and the writer Laurence Vail, and the granddaughter of Benjamin Guggenheim, who died on the RMS *Titanic* in 1912.

## Life

Pegeen Vail Guggenheim was born as **Pegeen Jezebel Margaret Vail** in Ouchy, Switzerland, and spent her childhood in France and England. In 1941, she left Europe for the United States with her mother, Peggy Guggenheim, and Max Ernst, who later became her stepfather. In the U.S., she studied at Finch College.

In 1943, she met the French painter Jean Hélion, who, along with his friends Piet Mondrian and Fernand Léger, helped introduce abstract art in the U.S. Guggenheim married Hélion in New York in 1946. The couple moved to Paris the same year. They had three children together: Fabrice, David, and Nicolas Hélion. When they divorced in 1956, Pegeen left Paris with her youngest son, Nicolas, to live with her mother in Venice.

In 1957, Guggenheim met the English painter Ralph Rumney in London at the opening of a Francis Bacon exhibition at the Hanover Gallery. Rumney was an English New Realist and one of the founders, along with Guy Debord and Piero Simondo, of the Situationist International. Guggenheim married Rumney in 1958 and gave birth to her fourth son, Sandro Rumney, the same year. In 1959, the couple moved to Paris, where they lived first on the rue du Dragon and then on the Île Saint-Louis.

Guggenheim died in Paris on March 1, 1967, after overdosing on medication. She struggled all her life with depression.

## Art

During her short career, Guggenheim exhibited her work in New York (including the Museum of Modern Art), Philadelphia, Paris, London, Venice, Padua, Murano, Palm Beach, Vicenza, Stockholm, Toronto and San Diego.

Guggenheim befriended, and was inspired by, some of the greatest intellectuals and artists of the 20th century, including Yves Tanguy, Max Ernst, André Breton, Marcel Duchamp, and Jackson Pollock. Her painting combines two different artistic styles: surrealism and naïve art. She was especially inspired in her work by the Surrealist painters who surrounded her during her childhood, including Tanguy, with whom she exchanged some paintings, and Ernst, who was her stepfather from 1941 to 1946. Her work reflects their influence in the recurrence of improbable elements or situations in her decors or scenes, combined with her own, unique naïve style.

In January 1943 and in June 1945, Guggenheim's work was featured in exhibitions dedicated to women: *Exhibition by 31 Women*, and then "The Women", at the Art of This Century gallery opened by Peggy Guggenheim in New York in October 1942. Her paintings were shown alongside works by Kay Sage, Leonora Carrington, Lee Krasner, Dorothea Tanning, and Frida Kahlo. In her painting, Guggenheim often represents couples and families that seem happy and affectionate. Given her tumultuous childhood with her mother, this theme likely represents her search for a stable family life. The characters in Guggenheim's paintings are often taken directly from her own world: we can identify her mother, her husbands, her children, and especially Guggenheim herself. While her work seems cheerful at first glance, a sense of isolation and suffering is often perceptible: a woman crying while giving birth, for example, or characters that are dehumanized.

Raymond Queneau wrote the following introduction to one of her exhibition catalogues: "The world Pegeen creates is somehow more authentic than the real world because it seems closer to heaven on earth. No culpability tarnishes its colors or weighs upon its figures. After his expulsion, Adam with his pure heart traced perfect representations of vengeful bison on hidden cave walls. What was Eve doing? Probably listening to cries that she was guilty. But here, as Prévert says: 'God has been expelled from heaven on earth' and it is 'the new season'. 'A fertile ground—a childlike moon—a hospitable sea—a smiling sun—at the edge of the water—girls embodying the spirit of the times.' Pegeen Hélion belongs to this race of 'ambrosial children.'"

* Lanot, Benjamin & Hélion, Benjamin (2010). *Pegeen Vail Guggenheim, A Life Through Art*. Paris: Sisso editions. ISBN 978-2-919498-01-7.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Pegeen Vail Guggenheim | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Pegeen Jezebel Margaret Vail
(1925-08-18)August 18, 1925
Ouchy, Switzerland |
| Died | March 1, 1967(1967-03-01) (aged 41)
Paris, France |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Painting |
| Spouse(s) | Jean Hélion
Ralph Rumney |
| Children | Fabrice Hélion
David Hélion
Nicolas Hélion
Sandro Rumney |
| Parent(s) | Peggy Guggenheim
Laurence Vail |
| Relatives | Max Ernst (stepfather) |
| Family | Guggenheim |


title: Matsubara Shimoyashiki Gardens

abstract: Former The Former Hikone Domain Matsubara Shimoyashiki Gardens, also known as the Ohama Goten Gardens, are a partially-preserved Edo period stroll garden situated a short distance to the north of Hikone Castle on the shore of Lake Biwa in Hikone, Shiga Prefecture, Japan. The gardens were laid out at his "lower" or suburban residence by daimyō Ii Naonaka (井伊直中) in Bunka 7 (1810), and have been designated a Place of Scenic Beauty, as well as forming part of Japan Heritage "Story" #008 Lake Biwa and Its Surroundings, and of the UNESCO World Heritage Site nomination Hikone Castle.

text:
# Matsubara Shimoyashiki Gardens

The Former Hikone Domain **Matsubara Shimoyashiki Gardens** (旧彦根藩松原下屋敷（お浜御殿）庭園, *kyū-Hikone-han Matsubara shimo-yashiki (Ohama goten) teien*), also known as the Ohama Goten Gardens, are a partially-preserved Edo period stroll garden situated a short distance to the north of Hikone Castle on the shore of Lake Biwa in Hikone, Shiga Prefecture, Japan. The gardens were laid out at his "lower" or suburban residence by *daimyō* Ii Naonaka (井伊直中) in Bunka 7 (1810), and have been designated a Place of Scenic Beauty, as well as forming part of Japan Heritage "Story" #008 *Lake Biwa and Its Surroundings*, and of the UNESCO World Heritage Site nomination *Hikone Castle* (currently on the Tentative List).

## Description

The Daimyō garden (大名庭園) is classed as a stroll garden with a spring-fed pond (池泉回遊式庭園) and, like the Hama-rikyū Gardens, are a rare example of the *shio-iri* (汐入形式) or "tidal" style, the water level of the central pond changing with that of Lake Biwa, from which it is in fact fed; the gardens are Japan's only example of a freshwater *shio-iri* style garden. During the Edo period, activities in the garden included tea ceremonies, as well as fishing nearby and horse-riding on the track immediately to the west. Remaining structures from the Edo period residence include the *okuzashiki* (inner room), storehouse, rice storehouse, kitchen building, and gatehouse. After the abolition of the han system in Meiji 4 (1871), the family had their principal residence in Tōkyō, but continued to visit Hikone. The residence - which came to be known as the Senmatsukan (千松館) \- was extended and the gardens renovated; the large hall and entrance building date from 1889. In 1947, the family moved back from Tōkyō, making this their principal residence. Lost structures include a teahouse, shoin, and gate.

## InfoBox

| Matsubara Shimoyashiki Gardens | |
| --- | --- |
| 松原下屋敷庭園 | |
| View of the gardens in the Meiji era | |
|  | |
| Type | Japanese garden |
| Location | Hikone, Shiga Prefecture, Japan |
| Coordinates | 35°17′10″N 136°15′02″E / 35.286198°N 136.250575°E / 35.286198; 136.250575 |
| Area | 20,881.26 square metres (224,764.0 sq ft) |
| Created | 1810 |


title: Patrik Vostárek

abstract: Patrik Vostárek is a Czech motorcycle racer who has competed in the 125cc World Championship, the European Superstock 600 Championship, the Supersport World Championship and the Moto2 World Championship. In 2011, he won the Czech Supersport Championship.

text:
# Patrik Vostárek

**Patrik Vostárek** (born 3 May 1989) is a Czech motorcycle racer who has competed in the 125cc World Championship, the European Superstock 600 Championship, the Supersport World Championship and the Moto2 World Championship. In 2011, he won the Czech Supersport Championship.

## Career statistics

### Grand Prix motorcycle racing

#### By season

| Season | Class | Motorcycle | Team | Race | Win | Podium | Pole | FLap | Pts | Plcd |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2004 | 125cc | Honda | OMV Team Hanusch | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NC |
| 2005 | 125cc | Honda | Omv Team Hanusch
Hanusch Motopromotion | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NC |
| 2010 | Moto2 | Suter | Vector Kiefer Racing | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NC |
| Total |  |  |  | **4** | **0** | **0** | **0** | **0** | **0** |  |

#### Races by year

(key)

| Year | Class | Bike | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | Pos. | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2004 | 125cc | Honda | RSA | SPA | FRA | ITA | CAT | NED | BRA | GER | GBR | CZE
27 | POR | JPN | QAT | MAL | AUS | VAL |  | NC | 0 |
| 2005 | 125cc | Honda | SPA
DNQ | POR
32 | CHN | FRA | ITA | CAT | NED | GBR | GER | CZE
Ret | JPN | MAL | QAT | AUS | TUR | VAL |  | NC | 0 |
| 2010 | Moto2 | Suter | QAT | SPA | FRA | ITA | GBR | NED | CAT | GER | CZE
Ret | INP | RSM | ARA | JPN | MAL | AUS | POR | VAL | NC | 0 |

### Supersport World Championship

#### Races by year

(key)

| Year | Bike | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | Pos. | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | Honda | QAT | AUS | SPA | NED | ITA | GER | RSM | CZE | GBR | EUR | ITA
22 | FRA
13 | POR
20 |  | 36th | 3 |
| 2009 | Honda | AUS
18 | QAT
Ret | SPA
16 | NED
11 | ITA
WD | RSA
DNS | USA
Ret | RSM
Ret | GBR
12 | CZE
Ret | GER | ITA | FRA | POR | 23rd | 9 |
| 2011 | Honda | AUS | EUR | NED | ITA | RSM | SPA | CZE
Ret | GBR | GER
19 | ITA
13 | FRA
18 | POR |  |  | 29th | 3 |

## InfoBox

| Patrik Vostárek | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Czech |
| Born | (1989-05-03) 3 May 1989
Prague, Czechoslovakia |
| Motorcycle racing career statistics  Moto2 World Championship  Active years 2010  Manufacturers Suter   Starts Wins Podiums Poles F. laps Points  1 0 0 0 0 0   125cc World Championship  Active years 20042005  Manufacturers Honda   Starts Wins Podiums Poles F. laps Points  3 0 0 0 0 0   Supersport World Championship  Active years 20082009, 2011  Manufacturers Honda   Starts Wins Podiums Poles F. laps Points  15 0 0 0 0 15 | |


title: Murilo Melo Filho

abstract: Murilo Melo Filho was a Brazilian author, journalist and politician. He was a member of the Academia Brasileira de Letras, an elite group of 40 writers and poets similar to France's Académie Française, occupying Chair no 20, in succession to Aurélio de Lira Tavares. He was also a member of the regional Academia Norte-Riograndense de Letras, occupying Chair no 19. He was a member of the administrative council of the Associação Brasileira de Imprensa He was born in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, the son of Murilo Melo and Hermínia de Freitas Melo. He worked on A República, a periodical published in his home town. From 1952 to 1958 he worked on the Tribuna da Imprensa under Carlos Lacerda.

text:
# Murilo Melo Filho

**Murilo Melo Filho** (13 October 1928 - 27 May 2020) was a Brazilian author, journalist and politician. He was a member of the Academia Brasileira de Letras, an elite group of 40 writers and poets similar to France's Académie Française, occupying Chair no 20, in succession to Aurélio de Lira Tavares. He was also a member of the regional Academia Norte-Riograndense de Letras, occupying Chair no 19. He was a member of the administrative council of the Associação Brasileira de Imprensa (the Brazilian Press Association)

He was born in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, the son of Murilo Melo and Hermínia de Freitas Melo. He worked on *A República*, a periodical published in his home town. From 1952 to 1958 he worked on the *Tribuna da Imprensa* under Carlos Lacerda.

## InfoBox

| Murilo Melo Filho | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 13 October 1928
Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil |
| Died | 27 May 2020(2020-05-27) (aged 91)
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
| Education | Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro |
| Occupation(s) | Author, journalist, politician |


title: Marcus Sarjeant

abstract: Marcus Simon Sarjeant is a British man who fired six blank shots near Queen Elizabeth II as she rode down The Mall to the Trooping the Colour ceremony in London in 1981.

text:
# Marcus Sarjeant

**Marcus Simon Sarjeant** (born 1963 or 1964) is a British man who fired six blank shots near Queen Elizabeth II as she rode down The Mall to the Trooping the Colour ceremony in London in 1981.

## Background

Sarjeant, who was from Capel-le-Ferne, near Folkestone, Kent, went to Astor Secondary School in Dover. He was a member of the Scouts, becoming local patrol leader before leaving to join the Air Training Corps in 1978. In the ATC, Sarjeant won a marksman's badge, and he owned an air rifle. After leaving school in May 1980 with seven CSE passes, Sarjeant applied to join the Royal Marines but left after three months, saying that officers bullied him. He also tried to join the Army but stayed only for two days of an induction course.

After failed applications to join the police and the fire brigade, he worked at a zoo and at an arts centre in Folkestone. Under the Youth Training Scheme he worked at a youth centre in Hawkinge. Friends reported that Sarjeant joined the Anti-Royalist Movement in October 1980. At the time of the incident at the Trooping the Colour, he was unemployed and living with his mother, while his father was working abroad.

He tried unsuccessfully to find ammunition for his father's .455 Webley revolver. To get a gun licence of his own, he joined a local gun club. Through mail order he paid £66.90 for two blank-firing replica Colt Python revolvers. In the run-up to the annual Trooping the Colour ceremony, Sarjeant sent letters to two magazines, one of which included a picture of him with his father's gun. He also sent a letter to Buckingham Palace which read "Your Majesty. Don't go to the Trooping the Colour ceremony because there is an assassin set up to kill you, waiting just outside the palace". The letter arrived on 16 June.

## Trooping the Colour incident

On 13 June 1981, Sarjeant joined the crowds for Trooping the Colour, finding a spot near the junction between The Mall and Horseguards Road. When the Queen came past riding her 19-year-old horse Burmese, Sarjeant quickly fired six blanks from his starting pistol. The horse was momentarily startled but the Queen brought her under control and was unharmed. Lance Corporal Alec Galloway of the Scots Guards seized Sarjeant and pulled him over the crowd control barriers, where Galloway and others disarmed and subdued him. Sarjeant told them, "I wanted to be famous. I wanted to be a somebody".

## Investigation

In questioning, Sarjeant said he had been inspired by the assassination of John Lennon in December 1980, and the attempts on the lives of President of the United States Ronald Reagan in March 1981 and of Pope John Paul II in May 1981. In particular, he observed the ease with which Mark David Chapman had become famous after killing John Lennon. A friend said that at the time of John Hinckley Jr.'s attempt on the life of Reagan, Sarjeant had said "I would like to be the first one to take a pot shot at the Queen".

## Trial

Sarjeant became the first person since 1966 to be prosecuted under the Treason Act 1842, and was brought to trial before the Lord Chief Justice, Lord Lane, on 14 September 1981. He pleaded guilty and Lord Lane, in sentencing him to five years' imprisonment, said that "the public sense of outrage must be marked. You must be punished for the wicked thing you did". He was found guilty of an offence under Section Two of the Treason Act in that he "wilfully discharged at or near Her Majesty the Queen a gun with the intent to alarm or distress Her Majesty." Sarjeant appealed against the length of the sentence, but the appeal was refused.

## Release

After three years in prison which were mostly spent at HMP Grendon Underwood in Buckinghamshire, Sarjeant was released in October 1984 at the age of 20. He changed his name and began a new life. He had written to the Queen from prison to apologise for the shooting but did not receive a reply.

## InfoBox

| Marcus Sarjeant | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Marcus Simon Sarjeant
1963 or 1964 (age 60–61)
Dover, Kent, England |
| Nationality | British |
| Known for | 1981 Trooping the Colour ceremony incident |


title: North Atlantic & Gulf Steamship Company

abstract: North Atlantic & Gulf Steamship Company was founded in New York City on February 13, 1932, by George V. Reilly, William M. Stevens, and David H. Jackman. The president of North Atlantic & Gulf Steamship Company in 1932 was Charles Walter Ulsh. North Atlantic & Gulf Steamship Company's treasurer and vice president was Clifton Waller Barrett. Charles Walter Ulsh and Clifton Waller Barrett founded the ship broker firm Ulsh & Barrett. Charles Walter Ulsh invited and patented a skid platform pallet for shipping. His United States patent #US1934389A is used for a stackable and nested skid platform.

text:
# North Atlantic & Gulf Steamship Company

**North Atlantic & Gulf Steamship Company** was founded in New York City on February 13, 1932, by George V. Reilly, William M. Stevens, and David H. Jackman. The president of North Atlantic & Gulf Steamship Company in 1932 was Charles Walter Ulsh. North Atlantic & Gulf Steamship Company's treasurer and vice president was Clifton Waller Barrett. Charles Walter Ulsh and Clifton Waller Barrett founded the ship broker firm **Ulsh & Barrett**. Charles Walter Ulsh invited and patented a skid platform pallet for shipping. His United States patent #US1934389A is used for a stackable and nested skid platform.

## SS Lake Furnas

North Atlantic & Gulf Steamship Company purchased the SS *Lake Furnas* built in 1920 (ex SS Providence) in 1941 from Merchants and Miners Transportation Company. North Atlantic & Gulf Steamship Company renamed her SS *Norindies*. On March 26, 1942 the War Shipping Administration took over the ship for the war. But gave the charter to North Atlantic & Gulf Steamship Company. North Atlantic & Gulf Steamship Company operated her from March 26, 1942 to August 3, 1943. On August 3, 1943 War Shipping Administration purchased, the ship from North Atlantic & Gulf Steamship Company.

## World War II

North Atlantic & Gulf Steamship Company fleet of ships were used to help the World War II effort. During World War II North Atlantic & Gulf Steamship Company operated Merchant navy ships for the United States Shipping Board. During World War II J. H. Winchester & Company was active with charter shipping with the Maritime Commission and War Shipping Administration. North Atlantic & Gulf Steamship Company operated Liberty ships and Victory ships for the merchant navy. The ship was run by its North Atlantic & Gulf Steamship Company crew and the US Navy supplied United States Navy Armed Guards to man the deck guns and radio.

## Ships

## InfoBox

North Atlantic & Gulf Steamship Company
| Industry | Shipping |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1932 (1932) in New York City, United States |
| Key people | * George V. Reilly * William M. Stevens * David H. Jackman |


title: Motherwell (UK Parliament constituency)

abstract: Motherwell was a burgh constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1918 to 1974. It was formed by the division of Lanarkshire. The name was changed in 1974 to Motherwell and Wishaw. It is famous for returning the first-ever SNP MP and arguably the first Communist Party MP.

text:
# Motherwell (UK Parliament constituency)

**Motherwell** was a burgh constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1918 to 1974. It was formed by the division of Lanarkshire. The name was changed in 1974 to Motherwell and Wishaw. It is famous for returning the first-ever SNP MP (Robert McIntyre in 1945) and arguably the first Communist Party MP (Walton Newbold in 1922).

## Boundaries

From 1918 the constituency consisted of "The burghs of Motherwell and Wishaw, together with the part of the Middle Ward County District which is contained within the extraburghal portion of the parish of Dalziel."

## Members of Parliament

| Election | | Member | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1918 | Robert Nelson | Unionist |
|  | 1922 | Walton Newbold | Communist |
|  | 1923 | Hugh Ferguson | Unionist |
|  | 1924 | James Barr | Labour |
|  | 1931 | Thomas Ormiston | Unionist |
|  | 1935 | James Walker | Labour |
|  | *1945 by-election* | Robert McIntyre | SNP |
|  | 1945 | Alexander Anderson | Labour |
|  | *1954 by-election* | George Lawson | Labour |
| 1974, Feb. | | *constituency renamed: see Motherwell and Wishaw* | |

## Election results

### Elections in the 1970s

General election 1970: Motherwell
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **George Lawson** | **20,683** | **53.2** | **−7.6** |
|  | Conservative | S. Bell | 12,509 | 32.2 | −3.0 |
|  | SNP | Isobel Lindsay | 3,861 | 9.9 | *New* |
|  | Communist | James Sneddon | 1,829 | 4.7 | +0.6 |
| Majority | | | 8,174 | 21.0 | −4.6 |
| Turnout | | | 38,882 | 73.5 | −0.9 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Elections in the 1960s

General election 1966: Motherwell
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **George Lawson** | **22,658** | **60.8** | **+2.1** |
|  | Conservative | John Joseph Young | 13,100 | 35.2 | −2.1 |
|  | Communist | James Sneddon | 1,508 | 4.1 | +0.1 |
| Majority | | | 9,558 | 25.6 | +4.2 |
| Turnout | | | 37,266 | 74.4 | −4.5 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

General election 1964: Motherwell
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **George Lawson** | **23,281** | **58.7** | **+5.0** |
|  | Unionist | John Joseph Young | 14,789 | 37.3 | −5.7 |
|  | Communist | James Sneddon | 1,565 | 4.0 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 8,492 | 21.4 | +10.7 |
| Turnout | | | 39,635 | 78.9 | −2.2 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Elections in the 1950s

General election 1959: Motherwell
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **George Lawson** | **22,009** | **53.7** | **−0.2** |
|  | Unionist | Bernard Brogan | 17,613 | 43.0 | −3.1 |
|  | Independent | David Murray | 1,331 | 3.3 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 4,396 | 10.7 | +2.9 |
| Turnout | | | 40,953 | 81.1 | +4.6 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

General election 1955: Motherwell
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **George Lawson** | **20,147** | **53.9** | **−3.4** |
|  | Unionist | Michael Hutchison | 17,262 | 46.1 | +3.3 |
| Majority | | | 2,885 | 7.8 | −6.7 |
| Turnout | | | 37,409 | 76.5 | −8.2 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

1954 Motherwell by-election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **George Lawson** | **19,163** | **56.4** | **−0.9** |
|  | National Liberal | Norman A Sloan | 13,334 | 39.3 | −3.5 |
|  | Communist | John Gollan | 1,457 | 4.3 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 5,829 | 17.1 | +2.6 |
| Turnout | | | 33,954 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

General election 1951: Motherwell
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Alexander Anderson** | **23,641** | **57.3** | **+3.1** |
|  | National Liberal | Norman A Sloan | 17,650 | 42.8 | +8.8 |
| Majority | | | 5,991 | 14.5 | −2.7 |
| Turnout | | | 41,291 | 84.7 | +0.2 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

General election 1950: Motherwell
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Alexander Anderson** | **22,608** | **54.2** | **+1.5** |
|  | National Liberal | A. Robertson | 14,183 | 34.0 | +13.4 |
|  | SNP | Robert McIntyre | 3,892 | 9.3 | −17.4 |
|  | Communist | R. Henderson | 1,007 | 2.4 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 8,425 | 20.2 | −5.8 |
| Turnout | | | 41,690 | 84.5 | +11.7 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Elections in the 1940s

General election 1945: Motherwell
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Alexander Anderson** | **15,831** | **52.7** | **+2.0** |
|  | SNP | Robert McIntyre | 8,022 | 26.7 | *N/A* |
|  | Unionist | J. H. Hamilton | 6,197 | 20.6 | −28.7 |
| Majority | | | 7,809 | 26.0 | +24.6 |
| Turnout | | | 30,050 | 72.8 | −3.1 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

1945 Motherwell by-election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **SNP** | **Robert McIntyre** | **11,417** | **51.4** | ***New*** |
|  | Labour | Alexander Anderson | 10,800 | 48.6 | −1.9 |
| Majority | | | 617 | 2.8 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | | 22,217 | 54.0 | −21.9 |
|  | SNP **gain** from Labour | | Swing |  |  |

### Elections in the 1930s

General election 1935: Motherwell
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **James Walker** | **14,755** | **50.7** | **+2.0** |
|  | Unionist | Thomas Ormiston | 14,325 | 49.3 | −2.0 |
| Majority | | | 430 | 1.4 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | | 29,080 | 75.9 | −6.5 |
|  | Labour **gain** from Unionist | | Swing |  |  |

General election 1931: Motherwell
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Unionist** | **Thomas Ormiston** | **15,513** | **51.3** | **+25.2** |
|  | Labour | James Barr | 14,714 | 48.7 | −9.3 |
| Majority | | | 799 | 2.6 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | | 30,227 | 82.4 | +2.8 |
|  | Unionist **gain** from Labour | | Swing |  |  |

### Elections in the 1920s

General election 1929: Motherwell
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **James Barr** | **16,650** | **58.0** | **+5.9** |
|  | Unionist | John Ford | 7,502 | 26.1 | 21.8 |
|  | Liberal | Henry Archibald | 3,597 | 12.5 | *New* |
|  | Communist | Isabel Brown | 984 | 3.4 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 9,148 | 31.9 | +27.7 |
| Turnout | | | 28,733 | 79.6 | 2.7 |
| Registered electors | | | 36,094 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | +13.9 |  |

General election 1924: Motherwell
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **James Barr** | **12,816** | **52.1** | ***New*** |
|  | Unionist | Hugh Ferguson | 11,776 | 47.9 | +5.9 |
| Majority | | | 1,040 | 4.2 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | | 24,592 | 82.3 | +4.9 |
| Registered electors | | | 29,871 |  |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Unionist | | Swing | *N/A* |  |

General election 1923: Motherwell
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Unionist** | **Hugh Ferguson** | **9,793** | **42.0** | **+12.9** |
|  | Communist | Walton Newbold | 8,712 | 37.4 | +4.1 |
|  | Liberal | John Maxwell | 4,799 | 20.6 | 1.0 |
| Majority | | | 1,081 | 4.6 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | | 23,304 | 77.4 | 4.1 |
| Registered electors | | | 30,109 |  |  |
|  | Unionist **gain** from Communist | | Swing | *N/A* |  |

General election 1922: Motherwell
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Communist** | **Walton Newbold** | **8,262** | **33.3** | **+10.1** |
|  | Ind. Unionist | Hugh Ferguson* | 7,214 | 29.1 | +18.3 |
|  | Liberal | John Maxwell | 5,359 | 21.6 | 5.4 |
|  | National Liberal | John Colville | 3,966 | 16.0 | *N/A* |
| Majority | | | 1,048 | 10.2 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | | 24,801 | 81.5 | +17.3 |
| Registered electors | | | 30,443 |  |  |
|  | Communist **gain** from Unionist | | Swing | *N/A* |  |

* Ferguson was associated with the Grand Orange Lodge of Scotland movement in Lanarkshire.

### Elections in the 1910s

General election 1918: Motherwell
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Unionist** | **Robert Nelson** | **6,972** | **39.0** |  |
|  | Liberal | James Duncan Millar | 4,817 | 27.0 |  |
|  | Labour | Walton Newbold | 4,135 | 23.2 |  |
|  | Ind. Unionist | Hugh Ferguson* | 1,923 | 10.8 |  |
| Majority | | | 2,155 | 12.0 |  |
| Turnout | | | 17,847 | 64.2 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 27,816 |  |  |
|  | Unionist **win** (new seat) | | | | |
| **C** indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government. | | | | | |

* Ferguson was associated with the Grand Orange Lodge of Scotland movement in Lanarkshire.

## InfoBox

| Motherwell | |
| --- | --- |
| Former burgh constituency<br>for the House of Commons | |
| Major settlements | Motherwell, Wishaw |
| 19181974 (1974) | |
| Seats | One |
| Created from | North East Lanarkshire |
| Replaced by | Motherwell and Wishaw |


title: Pieta (2023 film)

abstract: Pieta is a 2023 Philippine drama film starring Nora Aunor and Alfred Vargas. It was directed by Adolf Alix Jr..

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# Pieta (2023 film)

***Pieta*** is a 2023 Philippine drama film starring Nora Aunor and Alfred Vargas. It was directed by Adolf Alix Jr..

## Cast

* Nora Aunor as Rebecca Bernabe, a blind elderly woman with Alzheimer's disease, who has troubles remembering her son. Aunor who underwent surgery in 2010 after damaging her vocal chords, is noted for having sung the Kampangan song "Atin Cu Pung Singsing" for the film. She insisted on including the song due to its relevance to the film story. Aunor wore contact lens on her left eye to simulate a cataract for the role.
* Alfred Vargas as Isaac Bernabe, Rebecca's son. He was sentence for life for the killing of his father at age 16. After 18 years of imprisonment. Isaac was granted pardon and reunites with his mother.
* Jaclyn Jose as Santi's mother
* Gina Alajar as Beth
* Alan Paule as Isaac's father.
* Bembol Roco as Francis, Isaac's prisonmate.
* Ina Raymundo as Sarah
* Miggy Jimenez as Santi
* Tommy Alejandrino as Jonil

## Production

The development of *Pieta* was publicly announced as early as February 2023.

*Pieta* was produced under Alternative Vision Cinema and Noble Wolf. Adolfo Alix Jr. was the director with co-star Alfred Vargas also a producer. The film was derived from an original story by Alix, and not a remake of the 1983 film of the same name which had several adaptations. Jerry Gracio was the screenwriter.

*Pieta* was filmed in March 2023 in less than ten days. The film is primarily set in a cornfield in Pampanga. By June 2023, the film is already in the post-production stage.

## Release

*Pieta* was initially projected to be released in May 2023, the month when Mother's Day falls. It was later submitted for the 2023 Metro Manila Film Festival which opened on December 23, 2023. However *Pieta* was not accepted as an entry.

With the film having a sneak screening as early as December 22, 2023 and has a limited release on December 23, 2023. *Pieta* is scheduled to have its theatrical release in the Philippines sometime around 2024.

## Accolades

| Date | Awards | Category | Recipient | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| May 26, 2024 | 72nd Famas Awards | FAMAS Award for Best Actor | Alfred Vargas | Won |  |
| | FAMAS Award for Best Supporting Actress | Gina Alajar | Nominated | |
| | FAMAS Award for Best Screenplay | Jerey Gracio | Nominated | |
| | Circle of Excellence | Nora Aunor | Won | |
| July 21, 2024 | 40th PMPC Star Awards for Movies | PMPC Star Award for Movie Actor of the Year | Alfred Vargas | Nominated |  |
| | Star Award for Movie Actress of the Year | Nora Aunor | Won | |
| | Star Award for Movie Supporting Actor of the Year | Bembol Roco | Nominated | |
| | Star Award for Movie Supporting Actress of the Year | Gina Alajar | Nominated | |
| | Star Award for Indie Movie of the Year | *Pieta* | Nominated | |
| | Star Award for Indie Movie Director of the Year | Adolfo Alix Jr | Nominated | |
| | Star Award for Indie Movie Screenwriter of the Year | Jerry Gracio | Nominated | |
| | Star Award for Indie Movie Cinematographer of the Year | Nelson Macababat | Nominated | |
| | Star Award for Indie Movie Editor of the Year | Adolfo Alix Jr, Mark Joseph Llona | Nominated | |
| | Star Award for Indie Movie Musical Scorer of the Year | Mikoy Morales | Nominated | |
| | Star Award for Indie Movie Production Designer of the Year | Jhon Paul Sapitula | Nominated | |
| | Star Award for Indie Movie Sound Engineer of the Year | Immanuel Verona | Nominated | |
| | Star Award for Indie Movie Ensemble Acting of the Year | *Pieta* | Won | |

## InfoBox

| Pieta | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Adolfo Alix Jr. |
| Written by | Jerry Gracio |
| Produced by | Alfred Vargas |
| Starring |  |
| Production<br>company | * + Alternative Vision Cinema     + Noble Wolf |
| Release date | * December 23, 2023 (2023-12-23) (Metro Manila Film Festival) |
| Country | Philippines |
| Language | Filipino |


title: Pietro Tacchi Venturi

abstract: Pietro Tacchi Venturi was a Jesuit priest and historian who served as the unofficial liaison between Benito Mussolini, the Fascist leader of Italy from 1922 to 1943, and Popes Pius XI and Pius XII. He was also one of the architects of the 1929 Lateran Treaty, which ended the "Roman Question", and recognized the sovereignty of Vatican City, which made it an actor of international relations. A claimed attempt to assassinate Venturi with a paper knife, one year before the treaty's completion, made headlines around the world. Venturi had begun the process of reconciliation by convincing Mussolini to donate the valuable library of the Palazzo Chigi to the Vatican. According to Susan Zuccotti, Venturi "had an uncanny ability to gain access where more official papal diplomats could not" and thus was utilized for some of the most important papal priorities. Venturi had no official rank in the church to match his extraordinary influence, and was known in Vatican circles as the "man in black".

text:
# Pietro Tacchi Venturi

**Pietro Tacchi Venturi** (Italian pronunciation: \[ˈpjɛːtro ˈtakki venˈtuːri\]; 18 March 186119 March 1956) was a Jesuit priest and historian who served as the unofficial liaison between Benito Mussolini, the Fascist leader of Italy from 1922 to 1943, and Popes Pius XI and Pius XII. He was also one of the architects of the 1929 Lateran Treaty, which ended the "Roman Question" (a dispute over the status of the papacy since the Italian unification), and recognized the sovereignty of Vatican City, which made it an actor of international relations. A claimed attempt to assassinate Venturi with a paper knife (actually the result of a homosexual lovers' quarrel), one year before the treaty's completion, made headlines around the world. Venturi had begun the process of reconciliation by convincing Mussolini to donate the valuable library of the Palazzo Chigi to the Vatican.

According to Susan Zuccotti, Venturi "had an uncanny ability to gain access where more official papal diplomats could not" and thus was utilized for some of the most important papal priorities. Venturi had no official rank in the church to match his extraordinary influence, and was known in Vatican circles as the "man in black".

## Early life (1861-1922)

Venturi was born in San Severino Marche. He became a member of the Society of Jesus, a religious order within the Catholic Church, in 1878. He established a reputation as a scholar of history and literature. Venturi was admitted into the Pontifical Academy of Archaeology and other scientific bodies. Venturi was the official historian of the Italian branch of the Jesuit order and the Secretary of the Society of Jesus from 1914 to 1921.

His *magnum opus* was a history of the Jesuits. Another important work by Venturi was the publication of previously unpublished writings of Matteo Ricci, one of the founders of the Jesuit China missions. The *Opere storiche del P. Matteo Ricci, S.J* (Historical Works of Father Matteo Ricci, S.J.) appeared in two volumes in 1911 and 1913, and included Ricci's letters as well as his *Commentarj della Cina* (Commentary on China), the Italian manuscript that had been previously published only in the expanded and edited Latin version of Nicolas Trigault (as *De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas*). However, Venturi's lack of knowledge of Chinese made it necessary for Fr. Pasquale d'Elia to produce another, better annotated edition of Ricci's manuscripts (known as *Fonti Ricciane*) some 30 years later, in the 1940s.

## Pius XI's liaison to Mussolini (1922-1939)

### Chigi library donation (1922)

Benito Mussolini "liked and trusted" Venturi, whom he had known since 1922, during the Fascist struggle for power. The friendship between the two predated Mussolini's rise to power. He thus became the "normal instrument for messages between the pope and Mussolini". Venturi's relationship with Mussolini became professional when Pope Pius XI chose him to negotiate the purchase of the ancient library of the Palazzo Chigi (the residence of the prominent Chigi family) from the newly created Fascist regime (the Italian government was on the verge of buying the collection). Venturi persuaded Mussolini to donate an ancient state collection of religious books to the Vatican free of charge. Vatican attempts to buy the texts date back to Pope Benedict XV, who lacked the requisite funds to complete the transaction.

Mussolini's donation became the start of the process of reconciliation between the Italian government and the papacy, which had been at odds since the Papal States were seized during the Italian unification. Along with Count Galeazzo Ciano, Mussolini's son-in-law, Venturi served as the unofficial, yet authoritative "intermediary between Palazzo Venezia and the Vatican". Venturi was also the personal Confessor of Mussolini and an adviser to the Duce on religious matters generally. His political views could generally be classified as a strain of Clerico-Fascism. Venturi was an anti-Semitic conspiracy theorist who believed the Catholic Church was threatened by a "worldwide Jewish-Masonic plutocracy" and advocated putting all Italian Jewish bankers under police surveillance. In September 1926, Venturi gave Mussolini a pamphlet entitled *Zionism and Catholicism* accusing the Jews of wanting "to destroy current society and dominate the world themselves, as their Talmud proscribes".

### Lateran Treaties (1927-1929)

Venturi was a negotiator of the Lateran Treaty (1929), which ended the "Roman Question" (a dispute over the status of the papacy since the Italian unification) and officially recognized the sovereignty of Vatican City, which led the Church State to become an actor in international relations (apart from the Holy See itself, as it had previously been) according to international law. In May 1928, already internationally known for his role as a negotiator, Venturi survived an attempted assassination by "Signor De Angelis" with a paper knife, receiving only a neck laceration when he ducked out the way. Two years later, another priest similar to Venturi in appearance was killed. Venturi claimed to have been the victim of an international conspiracy organized by an anti-Fascist group based in Paris led by Gaetano Salvemini, but the police were highly doubtful of his story. It was established during the police investigation that Venturi was a homosexual who had "illicit relations" with young men he picked up on the streets of Rome and took back to his apartment for sex, and the murder attempt was just a lovers' quarrel.

The *New York Times* described Venturi as the "chief negotiator, who remains in the dark and is almost unknown". Noting Pius XI and Mussolini's penchant for privacy regarding the negotiations, the *Times* continued to describe Venturi as "a quiet man who could tell much" yet refused to acknowledge that he was any more than "Mussolini's personal messenger to the Vatican". Nominally, Francesco Pacelli (the brother of Eugenio Pacelli, future Pope Pius XII) became the chief negotiator and Venturi his intermediary with Mussolini during the final stages of the negotiation (after the death of State Councilor Domenico Barone). The other negotiators were Francesco Borgongini Duca, the Vatican's Secretary of Extraordinary Affairs, and Professor Gianinni Barone, the brother of Domenico; however, Venturi himself was the originator of the negotiations.

Venturi received the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus from the Italian monarchy in 1932 for his role in negotiating the treaty. Francesco Borgongini Duca, the nuncio to Italy from 1929 to 1953, supplemented Venturi as the official liaison between Pius XII and Mussolini, but Venturi retained his influence.

### Mussolini novel (1929)

At the urging of Venturi, Mussolini wrote a second book – *Una Conversione* – about his conversion to Catholicism, meant as a sequel to his twenty-year-old novel which was extremely critical of the church: *Claudia Particella: l'amante del Cardinale* (translated and published in English as *The Cardinal's Mistress*). Venturi himself wrote the preface to *Una Conversione*.

### Catholic Action (1931)

In 1931, Venturi negotiated the end to a dispute between Pius XI and Mussolini regarding, *Azione Cattolica*, the Italian branch of Catholic Action, a lay Catholic community organization group. Venturi was granted an unheard of hour-long audience with the pontiff during his summer vacation, and then an additional meeting with Cardinal Secretary of State Pacelli. The Vatican claimed that Venturi was merely "preparing the ground for official negotiation". Don Luigi Sturzo, the founder of the Partito Popolare Italiano, a Catholic political party in Italy, credits Venturi with ending the dispute.

Mussolini allowed the 15,000 youth organizations to reopen, but they were required to affiliate closely with the official Fascist youth organization, Opera Nazionale Balilla. The terms of the agreement were meant to give the Vatican a role in "Fascist Youth Education" and required that the Catholic organization be devolved to the diocesan level, with no centralized hierarchy, and that chaplains be attached to the Balilla chapters. Venturi himself sat in on the final meeting between Mussolini and the pope.

### Drafting of the Anti-Jewish laws (1938)

Venturi was kept informed by Mussolini during the drafting of Italy's anti-Jewish laws (which deprived Jews of various civil, political, and economic rights), expressing concerns about the effect of the laws on Catholics, both through mixed marriages and Catholic converts from Judaism. Specifically, Venturi sought the lifting of the ban on marriages between "Aryans" and "non-Aryans".

## Role under Pius XII (1939-1956)

Upon the election of Pius XII by the papal conclave, 1939, it was announced that Dom Francesco Tomasetti (d. 5 May 1953), the procurator general of the Salesian Order, would replace Venturi as the unofficial messenger between the pope and Mussolini after "a struggle of another kind, less open but having many of the same elements as that over the choice of Secretary of State". Venturi remained the official representative to various Italian government agencies such as the heads of police and general board of demographics and race.

On the eve of World War II, Cardinal Luigi Maglione, the Vatican Secretary of State, used Venturi as his emissary with Mussolini. Venturi persuaded Mussolini to give his approval to Pius XII's plan to mediate between the Five Powers (the Axis powers of Germany and Italy and the Allies of the United Kingdom, France, and Poland). Through Venturi, who continued to be "very important" to Pius XII because of his weight with Mussolini, Pius XII communicated to the Italian government his disapproval of the French and British attempts to negotiate an alliance with Soviet Russia, the so-called "peace front". The Vatican did not have diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union. Pius XII also sent Venturi to Brussels for mediation negotiations with regard to the Danzig crisis in the summer of 1939 in an attempt to avert World War II. Venturi was a key player in the negotiations, though they accomplished nothing.

The plan that Mussolini presented to Venturi to end the Danzig crisis called for Poland to allow the Free City of Danzig to rejoin Germany in exchange for negotiations with Germany about allowing the Poles to use Danzig without customs duties. The plan also called for German-Polish negotiations on the returning the Polish Corridor to Germany and on the status of the German minority in Poland and Polish minority in Germany. Despite the opposition of Cardinal Domenico Tardini who complained the peace plan favored Germany at the expense of Poland, Venturi persuaded both Cardinal Maglione and Pius to accept it as the last, best chance to stop another world war. On 31 August 1939, Monsignor Filippo Cortesi, the Papal Nuncio in Warsaw, presented Mussolini's peace plan to Jan Szembek, appealing to him as a Catholic to accept this solution to the Danzig crisis that had been endorsed by the Pope, but the Polish government rejected it under the grounds that this plan lopsidedly favored Germany.

### The Ustashe regime

On a few occasions, Venturi used this influence to spare Catholic converts from Judaism from the Holocaust. The fascistic *Ustashe* regime that ruled Croatia between 1941 and 1945 had a policy of exterminating some of the Serb, Jewish and Romany minorities while forcing others to convert to Catholicism. Michael Phayer documents one such occasion where Venturi intervened on behalf of Croatian converts. Venturi is otherwise little mentioned in Phayer's book, referred to simply as a "Jesuit rescuer".

### Opposition to repeal of Anti-Jewish laws (1943)

In August 1943, when Marshall Pietro Badoglio, Mussolini's successor, was contemplating a complete rescission of Italy's anti-Jewish laws, Venturi met with the Secretary of the Interior and requested that only the portions affecting Jewish converts to Catholicism be repealed. In doing so, Venturi was advancing the position of Pius XII, as he later reported to Cardinal Secretary of State Luigi Maglione. Venturi assured Maglione:

> I took care not to call for the total abrogation of a law which, according to the principles and traditions of the Catholic Church, certainly has some clauses that should be abolished, but which clearly contains others that have merit and should be confirmed.

### The Roman *razzia* (1943)

After the Roman *razzia* (the deportation of Roman Jews to death camps as part of The Holocaust), Venturi recommended to the Vatican Secretariat a "symbolic and therefore sham inquiry into the fate of the Jews of Rome". He reasoned, "a step like this by the Holy See, even if it does not obtain the desired effect, will without doubt help increase the veneration and gratitude toward the August Person of the Holy Father".

## Death

Nothing else is known of the role of Venturi after the death of Mussolini on 28 April 1945, or for that matter after Mussolini's fall from power. Venturi died "virtually forgotten" on 18 March 1956, at the age of 95.


title: Pietro Taricone

abstract: Pietro Taricone was an Italian actor, television personality, and reality show contestant on Grande Fratello. An avid athlete and extreme sport enthusiast, he was nicknamed "O’ guerriero". Taricone was born in Frosinone. He was a contestant on the first season of Grande Fratello, the Italian version of Big Brother, in 2000. On the show, Taricone had an affair with fellow contestant Cristina Plevani after just three days in the house. Taricone came in third place on the show, while Plevani won the season. However, the show launched Taricone's career and he later appeared in Italian television and film roles. Taricone had one daughter, Sofia, with Kasia Smutniak, a Polish model and actress. Taricone and Smutniak took part in a skydive over Terni, Umbria, in June 2010. During the jump, Taricone waited to open his parachute until he was just 100 metres from the ground and thus could not stop his fall in time before he hit the ground. He suffered severe back, leg, and head injuries in the accident. He died on 29 June 2010, after more than nine hours of surgery, at the age of 35.

text:
# Pietro Taricone

**Pietro Taricone** (4 February 1975 – 29 June 2010) was an Italian actor, television personality, and reality show contestant on *Grande Fratello*. An avid athlete and extreme sport enthusiast, he was nicknamed "O’ guerriero" ('The Warrior').

Taricone was born in Frosinone. He was a contestant on the first season of *Grande Fratello*, the Italian version of *Big Brother*, in 2000. On the show, Taricone had an affair with fellow contestant Cristina Plevani after just three days in the house. Taricone came in third place on the show, while Plevani won the season. However, the show launched Taricone's career and he later appeared in Italian television and film roles.

Taricone had one daughter, Sofia, with Kasia Smutniak, a Polish model and actress.

Taricone and Smutniak took part in a skydive over Terni, Umbria, in June 2010. During the jump, Taricone waited to open his parachute until he was just 100 metres from the ground and thus could not stop his fall in time before he hit the ground. He suffered severe back, leg, and head injuries in the accident.

He died on 29 June 2010, after more than nine hours of surgery, at the age of 35.

## InfoBox

| Pietro Taricone | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1975-02-04)4 February 1975
Frosinone, Italy |
| Died | 29 June 2010(2010-06-29) (aged 35)
Terni, Italy |
| Occupations | * Actor * television personality |
| Years active | 2000—2010 |
| Known for | *Grande Fratello* |


title: G cell

abstract: A G cell or gastrin cell is a type of cell in the stomach and duodenum that secretes gastrin. It works in conjunction with gastric chief cells and parietal cells. G cells are found deep within the pyloric glands of the stomach antrum, and occasionally in the pancreas and duodenum. The vagus nerve innervates the G cells. Gastrin-releasing peptide is released by the post-ganglionic fibers of the vagus nerve onto G cells during parasympathetic stimulation. The peptide hormone bombesin also stimulates gastrin from G cells. Gastrin-releasing peptide, as well as the presence of amino acids in the stomach, stimulates the release of gastrin from the G cells. Gastrin stimulates enterochromaffin-like cells to secrete histamine. Gastrin also targets parietal cells by increasing the amount of histamine and the direct stimulation by gastrin, causing the parietal cells to increase HCl secretion in the stomach. G-cells frequently express PD-L1 during homeostasis which protects them from Helicobacter pylori-induced immune destruction

text:
# G cell

A **G cell** or **gastrin cell** is a type of cell in the stomach and duodenum that secretes gastrin. It works in conjunction with gastric chief cells and parietal cells. G cells are found deep within the pyloric glands of the stomach antrum, and occasionally in the pancreas and duodenum. The vagus nerve innervates the G cells. Gastrin-releasing peptide is released by the post-ganglionic fibers of the vagus nerve onto G cells during parasympathetic stimulation. The peptide hormone bombesin also stimulates gastrin from G cells. Gastrin-releasing peptide, as well as the presence of amino acids in the stomach, stimulates the release of gastrin from the G cells. Gastrin stimulates enterochromaffin-like cells to secrete histamine. Gastrin also targets parietal cells by increasing the amount of histamine and the direct stimulation by gastrin, causing the parietal cells to increase HCl secretion in the stomach. G-cells frequently express PD-L1 during homeostasis which protects them from Helicobacter pylori-induced immune destruction

## Structure

G cells have a distinctive microscopic appearance that allows one to separate them from other cells in the gastric antrum; their nuclei are centrally located in the cell. They are found in the middle portion of the gastric glands.

## InfoBox

| G cell | |
| --- | --- |
| Control of stomach acid | |
| Details | |
| System | Digestive system |
| Location | Stomach and duodenum |
| Function | Gastrin secretion |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | *endocrinocytus G* |
| TH | H3.04.02.0.00031 |
| FMA | 67609 |
| Anatomical terms of microanatomy | |


title: G major

abstract: G major is a major scale based on G, with the pitches G, A, B, C, D, E, and F♯. Its key signature has one sharp. Its relative minor is E minor and its parallel minor is G minor. The G major scale is:

text:
# G major

**G major** is a major scale based on , with the pitches G, , , , , , and . Its key signature has one sharp. Its relative minor is E minor and its parallel minor is G minor.

The G major scale is:

## Scale degree chords

The scale degree chords of G major are:

## Notable compositions

### Baroque period

In Baroque music, G major was regarded as the "key of benediction".

Of Domenico Scarlatti's 555 keyboard sonatas, G major is the home key for 69, or about 12.4%, sonatas.

In the music of Johann Sebastian Bach, "G major is often a key of **6**
**8** chain rhythms", according to Alfred Einstein, although Bach also used the key for some **4**
**4**-based works, including his third and fourth *Brandenburg Concertos*. Pianist Jeremy Denk observes that the *Goldberg Variations* are 80 minutes in G major.

### Classical era

Twelve of Joseph Haydn's 106 symphonies are in G major. Likewise, one of Haydn's most famous piano trios, No. 39 (with the *Gypsy Rondo*), and one of his last two complete published string quartets (Op. 77, No. 1), are in G major.

In addition, G major is the home key of Mozart's *Eine kleine Nachtmusik*, serving as the tonic for three of its four movements (the only exception being the second movement, titled *Romanze* which is in the subdominant key of C major). However, almost none of his large-scale works such as his symphonies or concertos are in this key; exceptions are the Violin concerto no. 3, Piano Concerto No. 17, Flute Concerto No. 1 and his String Quartet No. 14, along with some examples among his juvenilia.

For Ludwig van Beethoven, G major was a key for optimism and cheerful energy. He regularly used this key, for instance in his Piano Sonatas No. 10, No. 16, No. 20 and No. 25, Rondo for piano, Op. 51, Rage Over a Lost Penny, Violin sonatas No. 8 and No. 10, String Trio No. 2, String Quartet No. 2, Piano Trio No. 2, Romance for violin and orchestra, Op. 40 and Piano Concerto No. 4.

Franz Schubert rarely used the key of G major, although a few important compositions are written in this key, including Mass No. 2 D 167, String Quartet No. 15 D 887 and Piano Sonata op. 78 D 894.

### Romantic era

The Romantic composers often used keys distant from G major. Composers like Robert Schumann, Felix Mendelssohn, César Franck, Max Bruch, Anton Bruckner, Modest Mussorgsky, Alexander Borodin, César Cui and Sergei Rachmaninoff only used this key in a few small-scale or miscellaneous compositions, or even avoided it completely. Nonetheless, some important Romantic music was written in G major.

Harold en Italie, a symphony with a solo viola part by Hector Berlioz, is in G major. Frédéric Chopin's Prelude Op. 28/3, his Nocturne Op. 37/2 and his Mazurka Op. 50/1 are in this key as well.

It is also the key of three major chamber music compositions by Johannes Brahms: String Sextet No. 2 Op. 36, Violin Sonata No. 1 Op. 78 and String Quintet No. 2 Op. 111. Antonín Dvořák wrote four important pieces in G major: String Quintet No. 2, Op. 77, Symphony No. 8 Op. 88, Sonatina for Violin and Piano Op. 100, which he wrote for his children, and String Quartet No. 13, Op. 106.

The Violin Sonata No. 2 Op. 13 by Edvard Grieg is in G major.

Camille Saint-Saëns chose G major as the key for his String Quartet No. 2 and his Sonata for Bassoon and Piano. Gabriel Fauré only wrote one major composition in this key: his second Barcarolle for Piano, Op. 41.

The three major compositions in G major of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky are his Piano Concerto No. 2 Op. 44 and his orchestral suites No. 3, Op. 55 and No. 4 "Mozartiana" Op. 61. Three Préludes for Piano (Op. 11/3, Op. 13/3 and Op. 39/3) by Alexander Scriabin are in G major, as well as the Mazurka for orchestra op. 18, the String Quartet No. 3 Op. 26 and the Oriental Rhapsody for orchestra Op. 29 by Alexander Glazunov.

### Post-Romantic and modern era

Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 4 and Richard Strauss's tone poem *Aus Italien* Op. 16, are in G major.

It's the key for the opening 'Sinfonia' of Igor Stravinsky's Pulcinella suite, and for the Piano Concerto for two hands and the Violin Sonata No. 2 by Maurice Ravel. The fifth sonata of the Six Sonatas for solo violin by Eugène Ysaÿe is also in G major.

Sergei Prokofiev wrote his Piano Concerto No. 5 Op. 55 in this key, and Dmitri Shostakovich chose it for his Cello Concerto No. 2 Op. 126 and his String Quartet No. 6 Op. 101.

G major is the key stipulated for the royal anthem of Canada, "God Save the King". The anthem "God Defend New Zealand" ("Aotearoa") was originally composed by John Joseph Woods in A-flat major, but after becoming New Zealand's national anthem in 1977, it was rearranged into G major to better suit general and massed singing. According to Spotify, G major is the most common key of music on the streaming service (closely followed by C major).

## InfoBox

G major

| Relative key | E minor |
| --- | --- |
| Parallel key | G minor |
| Dominant key | D major |
| Subdominant | C major |
| Component pitches | |
| G, A, B, C, D, E, F | |