abstract: Mégantic is a provincial electoral district in the Estrie and Chaudière-Appalaches regions of Quebec, Canada. It notably includes the municipalities of Lac-Mégantic, Cookshire-Eaton, East Angus, Ascot Corner, Stoke, Weedon and Disraeli. It was created for the 1867 election. It was abolished before the 1973 election and its territory was mostly divided between Lotbinière and Frontenac; a small part also went to Arthabaska. Despite the name, none of the territory of Mégantic went into the newly created Mégantic-Compton. However, Mégantic-Compton was abolished before the 2012 election and its successor electoral district was the recreated Mégantic, which contains most of the former area Mégantic-Compton, as well as parts of Johnson, Richmond, and Frontenac as they existed prior to the 2012 election.

text:
# Mégantic (provincial electoral district)

**Mégantic** is a provincial electoral district in the Estrie and Chaudière-Appalaches regions of Quebec, Canada. It notably includes the municipalities of Lac-Mégantic, Cookshire-Eaton, East Angus, Ascot Corner, Stoke, Weedon and Disraeli.

It was created for the 1867 election (and an electoral district of that name existed earlier in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada). It was abolished before the 1973 election and its territory was mostly divided between Lotbinière and Frontenac; a small part also went to Arthabaska. Despite the name, none of the territory of Mégantic went into the newly created Mégantic-Compton. However, Mégantic-Compton was abolished before the 2012 election and its successor electoral district was the recreated Mégantic, which contains most of the former area Mégantic-Compton, as well as parts of Johnson, Richmond, and Frontenac as they existed prior to the 2012 election.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly / National Assembly

| Legislature | Years | Member | | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1st | 1867–1871 |  | George Irvine | Conservative |
| 2nd | 1871–1874 | | | |
| | 1874–1875 |  | | Independent |
| 3rd | 1875–1876 |  | | Liberal |
| | 1876–1878 |  | Andrew Kennedy | Conservative |
| 4th | 1878–1881 |  | George Irvine | Liberal |
| 5th | 1881–1884 | | | |
| | 1884–1886 | | John Whyte | |
| 6th | 1886–1888 |  | Andrew Stuart Johnson | Conservative |
| | 1888–1890 |  | William Rhodes | Liberal |
| 7th | 1890–1892 |  | Andrew Stuart Johnson | Conservative |
| 8th | 1892–1897 | | James King | |
| 9th | 1897–1900 |  | George Robert Smith | Liberal |
| 10th | 1900–1904 | | | |
| 11th | 1904–1908 | | | |
| 12th | 1908–1912 |  | David Henry Pennington | Conservative |
| 13th | 1912–1916 |  | Joseph Demers | Liberal |
| 14th | 1916–1919 | | Lauréat Lapierre | |
| 15th | 1919–1923 | ||
| 16th | 1923–1927 | ||
| 17th | 1927–1931 | ||
| 18th | 1931–1935 | ||
| 19th | 1935–1936 |  | Tancrède Labbé | Action liberale nationale |
| 20th | 1936–1939 |  | | Union Nationale |
| 21st | 1939–1940 |  | Louis Houde | Liberal |
| | 1940–1944 |  | Tancrède Labbé | Union Nationale |
| 22nd | | | | 1944–1948 |
| 23rd | | | | 1948–1952 |
| 24th | | | | 1952–1956 |
| 25th | | | | 1956–1956† |
| | | 1957–1960 | | Joseph-Émile Fortin |
| 26th | 1960–1962 |  | Émilien Maheux | Liberal |
| 27th | 1962–1966 | | | |
| 28th | 1966–1970 |  | Marc Bergeron | Union Nationale |
| 29th | 1970–1973 |  | Bernard Dumont | Ralliement créditiste |
| ***Riding dissolved into* Lotbinière, Frontenac *and* Arthabaska** | | | | |
| ***Riding re-created from* Mégantic-Compton, Johnson, Richmond
*and* Frontenac** | | | | |
| 40th | 2012–2014 |  | Ghislain Bolduc | Liberal |
| 41st | 2014–2018 | | | |
| 42nd | 2018–2022 |  | François Jacques | Coalition Avenir Québec |
| 43rd | 2022–Present | | | |

## Election results

### 2012 - present

| 2022 Quebec general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Coalition Avenir Québec | François Jacques | 12,973 | 46.17 | -1.36 |
|  | Conservative | Mathieu Chenard | 6,252 | 22.25 |  |
|  | Québec solidaire | Marilyn Ouellet | 3,592 | 12.78 | -3.18 |
|  | Parti Québécois | André Duncan | 3,588 | 12.77 | +0.22 |
|  | Liberal | Eloïse Gagné | 1,604 | 5.71 | -15.13 |
|  | Parti 51 | André Giguère | 89 | 0.32 |  |
| Total valid votes | | | 28,098 | 98.61 |  |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 397 | 1.39 |  |
| Turnout | | | 28,495 | 70.39 |
| Electors on the lists | | | 40,481 |

| 2018 Quebec general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Coalition Avenir Québec | François Jacques | 12,593 | 47.53 | +24.66 |
|  | Liberal | Robert G. Roy | 5,257 | 19.84 | -20.95 |
|  | Québec solidaire | Andrée Larrivée | 4,228 | 15.96 | +10.16 |
|  | Parti Québécois | Gloriane Blais | 3,325 | 12.55 | -17.1 |
|  | Green | Sylvain Dodier | 809 | 3.05 |  |
|  | Citoyens au pouvoir | Richard Veilleux | 281 | 1.06 |  |
| Total valid votes | | | 26,493 | 98.60 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 377 | 1.40 |
| Turnout | | | 26,870 | 69.15 |
| Eligible voters | | | 38,856 |
|  | Coalition Avenir Québec **gain** from Liberal | | Swing | | +22.81 |
| Source(s) "Rapport des résultats officiels du scrutin". Élections Québec. | | | | | | |

| 2014 Quebec general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Liberal | Ghislain Bolduc | 10,840 | 40.79 | +5.70 |
|  | Parti Québécois | Isabelle Hallé | 7,879 | 29.65 | -1.57 |
|  | Coalition Avenir Québec | Pierre-Luc Boulanger | 6,078 | 22.87 | -2.75 |
|  | Québec solidaire | Ludovick Nadeau | 1,541 | 5.80 | +0.40 |
|  | Option nationale | Évelyne Beaudin | 236 | 0.89 | -0.78 |
| Total valid votes | | | 26,574 | 98.59 |  |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 381 | 1.41 |  |
| Turnout | | | 26,955 | 69.85 | -4.59 |
| Electors on the lists | | | 38,589 |  |  |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing | | +3.64 |

| 2012 Quebec general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Liberal | Ghislain Bolduc | 9,946 | 35.09 | -9.32 |
|  | Parti Québécois | Gloriane Blais | 8,847 | 31.22 | -4.35 |
|  | Coalition Avenir Québec | Raymonde Lapointe | 7,260 | 25.62 | +9.49 |
|  | Québec solidaire | William Leclerc Bellavance | 1,531 | 5.40 | +1.74 |
|  | Option nationale | Jasmin Roy-Rouleau | 473 | 1.67 |  |
|  | Independent | Jacques Audet | 178 | 0.63 |  |
|  | Independent | Jean-Luc Perron | 106 | 0.37 |  |
| Total valid votes | | | 28,341 | 98.76 |  |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 355 | 1.24 |  |
| Turnout | | | 28,696 | 74.44 |  |
| Electors on the lists | | | 38,548 |  |  |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing | | -2.49 |

^ Change is from redistributed results. CAQ change is from ADQ.

### 1867 - 1970

| 1970 Quebec general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Ralliement créditiste | Bernard Dumont | 8,201 | 28.79 |  |
|  | Union Nationale | Marc Bergeron | 7,700 | 27.04 | -19.34 |
|  | Liberal | Paul-E. Giguère | 6,954 | 24.42 | -19.67 |
|  | Parti Québécois | Guy Lebel | 5,626 | 19.75 | +10.22\* |
| Total valid votes | | | 28,481 | 96.02 |  |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 1,181 | 3.98 |  |
| Turnout | | | 29,662 | 88.09 | +4.01 |
| Electors on the lists | | | 33,674 |  |  |

* Result compared to Ralliement national

| 1966 Quebec general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Union Nationale | Marc Bergeron | 11,894 | 46.38 |
|  | Liberal | Pierre-Émilien Maheux | 11,306 | 44.09 |
|  | Ralliement national | Harold Vachon | 2,443 | 9.53 |
| Total valid votes | | | 25,643 | 98.59 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 367 | 1.41 |
| Turnout | | | 26,010 | 84.08 |
| Electors on the lists | | | 30,936 |  |

| 1962 Quebec general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Liberal | Pierre-Émilien Maheux | 13,182 | 55.05 |
|  | Union Nationale | Joseph-Henri Paquet | 10,762 | 44.95 |
| Total valid votes | | | 23,944 | 99.28 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 173 | 0.72 |
| Turnout | | | 24,117 | 88.95 |
| Electors on the lists | | | 27,114 |  |

| 1960 Quebec general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Liberal | Pierre-Émilien Maheux | 14,221 | 59.22 |
|  | Union Nationale | Joseph-Émile Fortin | 9,794 | 40.78 |
| Total valid votes | | | 24,015 | 98.56 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 351 | 1.44 |
| Turnout | | | 24,366 | 88.95 |
| Electors on the lists | | | 26,520 |  |

| Quebec provincial by-election, 1957 | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Union Nationale | Joseph-Émile Fortin | 13,799 | 64.77 |
|  | Liberal | Pierre-Émilien Maheux | 7,504 | 35.23 |
| Total valid votes | | | 21,303 | 99.11 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 191 | 0.89 |
| Turnout | | | 21,494 | 84.10 |
| Electors on the lists | | | 25,559 |  |

Information Election results Maps

45°35′N 71°10′W / 45.583°N 71.167°W / 45.583; -71.167

## InfoBox

Mégantic
| Quebec electoral district | |
| --- | --- |
| Provincial electoral district | |
| Legislature | National Assembly of Quebec |
| MNA |
     François Jacques
Coalition Avenir Québec |
| District created | 1867 |
| District abolished | 1972 |
| District re-created | 2011 |
| First contested | 1867, 2012 |
| Last contested | 1970, 2022 |
| Demographics | |
| Population (2011) | 49,055 |
| Electors (2014) | 38,589 |
| Area (km²) | 5,266.8 |
| Pop. density (per km²) | 9.3 |
| Census division(s) | Coaticook (part), Le Granit (part), Le Val-Saint-François (part), Les Appalaches (part) |
| Census subdivision(s) | Ascot Corner, Audet, Beaulac-Garthby, Bury, Chartierville, Cookshire-Eaton, Disraeli (parish), Disraeli (city), Dudswell, East Angus, Frontenac, Hampden, Lac-Drolet, Lac-Mégantic, Lambton, La Patrie, Lingwick, Marston, Milan, Nantes, Newport, Notre-Dame-des-Bois, Piopolis, Saint-Augustin-de-Woburn, Sainte-Cécile-de-Whitton, Saint-Isidore-de-Clifton, Sainte-Praxède, Saint-Romain, Saint-Sébastien, Scotstown, Stoke, Stornoway, Stratford, Val-Racine, Weedon, Westbury |


title: Mario Terán

abstract: Mario Terán Salazar was a Bolivian Army warrant officer who executed Che Guevara as a young sergeant in 1967. Guevara, a Marxist revolutionary from Argentina, had played a major role in the Cuban Revolution, in which the 26th of July Movement, led by Fidel Castro, ousted U.S.-backed dictator Fulgencio Batista and replaced his government with a revolutionary socialist state.

text:
# Mario Terán

**Mario Terán Salazar** (9 April 1942 – 10 March 2022) was a Bolivian Army warrant officer who executed Che Guevara as a young sergeant in 1967. Guevara, a Marxist revolutionary from Argentina, had played a major role in the Cuban Revolution, in which the 26th of July Movement, led by Fidel Castro, ousted U.S.-backed dictator Fulgencio Batista and replaced his government with a revolutionary socialist state.

## Early life

Terán was born to Vicente Terán and Candelaria Salazar on 9 April 1942 in Cochabamba, Bolivia. His father, a merchant, was 46 years old when he was born; his mother was 45. Little beyond this is known about Terán's early life.

## Military career and execution of Guevara

Terán joined the military sometime in 1959, at which time he was a sergeant in Company A of Bolivia's Manchego Regiment.

Two years prior, Cuban President Fidel Castro had sent Che Guevara overseas to foment left-wing revolutions in other countries. At this time he dropped off the radar and his whereabouts remained unknown until early 1967. At that time, Bolivian communist youth organizer Loyola Guzmán received a tip locating him in a remote small town near the Paraguay border. Guevara reportedly told Guzmán that he hoped to turn Bolivia into a beachhead for socialist revolutions in neighboring countries. In March of that year, intermittent fighting broke out between Bolivian armed forces and a mysterious group of guerrilla fighters. Rumors that the group was led by Guevara began to spread, and Bolivian army leaders resolved to capture him. During summer, local officials provided tips that helped Bolivian armed forces narrow down his position. Finally, on 8 October, Guevara surrendered to Commander Gary Prado Salmón after a shootout with Bolivian soldiers.

Upon arresting Guevara, Prado had planned to send him to be court martialed. However, Bolivian President René Barrientos ordered his execution the next day. At around 11:30 a.m. 9 October, Terán walked into the schoolhouse where Guevara was held prisoner and killed him with several shots from his M2 Carbine. Sources conflict on some details of the execution, including how Terán was selected to perform the act. Some sources state that Terán volunteered for the job. Other sources, including Guevara's brother, state that Terán was ordered by his superiors and that he was reluctant to shoot Guevara.

Terán was later quoted as saying the event was "the worst moment of my life."

After 30 years of military service, Terán retired as a senior warrant officer.

## Later life

Terán lived the rest of his life under an assumed name in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia's largest city. He and his wife Julia Peralta Salas, whom he married in 1965, had six children   two sons and four daughters.

In 2007, numerous media outlets reported that Terán, under a false name, had received a free cataract removal operation performed by Cuban doctors as part of Operación Milagro. One of Terán's sons asked *El Deber*, a local Santa Cruz newspaper, to publish a notice thanking the doctors on Terán's behalf. After the Cuban government learned what had transpired, *Granma*, the official newspaper of the Cuban Communist Party, published an editorial using the event to promote Che Guevara's legacy, writing that "Four decades after Mario Terán attempted to destroy a dream and an idea, Che returns to win yet another battle, and continues on in the struggle". Terán's eye operation had become public knowledge only about a week before the 40th anniversary of Guevara's death.

Some reports at the time, especially those from publications sympathetic to Cuba, additionally stated that Terán had been "virtually blind" before the procedure and that it had cured him of this blindness. However, in a 2014 interview with Spanish newspaper *El Mundo* Terán disputed these reports. While acknowledging that Cuban doctors had removed cataracts from his eyes, he said that he had never been blind.

Terán died at Military Social Security Corporation hospital in La Paz, on 10 March 2022, at the age of 79.

## InfoBox

| Mario Terán | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Birth name | Mario Terán Salazar |
| Born | 9 April 1942
Cochabamba, Bolivia |
| Died | March 10, 2022(2022-03-10) (aged 79)
La Paz, Bolivia |
| Allegiance | Bolivia |
| Rank | Warrant officer |
| Known for | Execution of Che Guevara |
| Spouse(s) | Julia Peralta Salas |
| Children | 6 |


title: Mediterranean water shrew

abstract: The Mediterranean, Southern or Miller's water shrew is a species of insectivoran mammal in the family Soricidae.

text:
# Mediterranean water shrew

The **Mediterranean**, **Southern** or **Miller's water shrew** (***Neomys milleri***) is a species of insectivoran mammal in the family Soricidae.

## Distribution

The shrew is found in Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, and Ukraine. This species was formerly a subspecies of *Neomys anomalus* along with the Iberian water shrew found in Spain, Portugal and southern France.

## Feeding habits

It feeds mainly on amphibians and small fish, but also take insects and worms. Because of its small size and thus higher surface area to volume ratio, it loses body heat more quickly and must eat two or three times its body mass each day.

## InfoBox

| Mediterranean water shrew | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Eulipotyphla |
| Family: | Soricidae |
| Genus: | *Neomys* |
| Species: | ***N. milleri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Neomys milleri***
Mottaz, 1907 | |
|
|  | |
| Mediterranean water shrew range. The shrews in the Iberian peninsula are now recognised as a separate species, *Neomys anomalus*. | |
| Synonyms | |
| *Neomys anomalus milleri* | |


title: Police Aur Mujrim

abstract: Police Aur Mujrim is a 1992 Indian Hindi-language action film produced and directed by K.C. Bokadia. It stars Raaj Kumar, Vinod Khanna, Meenakshi Seshadri and Nagma in pivotal roles.

text:
# Police Aur Mujrim

***Police Aur Mujrim*** is a 1992 Indian Hindi-language action film produced and directed by K.C. Bokadia. It stars Raaj Kumar, Vinod Khanna, Meenakshi Seshadri and Nagma in pivotal roles.

## Plot

Veer Bahadur Singh, Police Commissioner of Bombay lives with his wife, Sharda and their only daughter. When police arrest two notorious goon Shera and Jaaga, their leader Banarsi kidnaps Commissioner's daughter Jyoti. Corrupt Home Minister supports the infamous gang. DSP Vishal Khanna finally saves her but the gang decide to destroy Veer Bahadur's family.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

| # | Title | Singer(s) | Lyricist(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Tum Din Ko Din Kah Do" | Udit Narayan, Anuradha Paudwal | Anjaan |
| 2 | "Apni Aankhon Ke Sitaron Mein" | Mohammed Aziz, Sadhana Sargam | Dilip Tahir |
| 3 | "Apni Aankhon Ke Sitaron Mein" (II) | Mohammed Aziz, Kavita Krishnamurthy | Dilip Tahir |
| 4 | "Dil Ghabrata Hai" (Happy) | Kumar Sanu | Anjaan |
| 5 | "Dil Ghabrata Hai" (Sad) | Kumar Sanu | Anjaan |
| 6 | "Kangana Pahna Ke Le Jaoonga" | Udit Narayan, Uttara Kelkar | Indeewar |
| 7 | "Kangana Pahna Ke Le Jaoonga" (II) | Udit Narayan, Kavita Krishnamurthy | Indeewar |
| 8 | "Mere Mehboob Tujhe" | Mohammed Aziz, Kavita Krishnamurthy | Dilip Tahir |
| 9 | "Pyar Mein Sauda Nahin" | Lata Mangeshkar | Anjaan |

## InfoBox

| Police Aur Mujrim
पुलिस और मुजरिम | |
| --- | --- |
| DVD Cover | |
| Directed by | K. C. Bokadia |
| Screenplay by | K.C. Bokadia |
| Story by | K.C. Bokadia |
| Produced by | K.C. Bokadia |
| Starring | Raaj Kumar
Vinod Khanna
Meenakshi Seshadri
Nagma |
| Cinematography | Peter Pereira |
| Edited by | Govind Dalwadi |
| Music by | Bappi Lahiri |
| Production
company | BMB Productions |
| Release date | * 24 July 1992 (1992-07-24) |
| Running time | 2 hours 26 min |
| Country | India |
| Language | Hindi |


title: Gallyon Gun & Rifle Makers

abstract: Gallyon Gun & Rifle Makers Ltd is a British gunmaker currently based in St Neots, Cambridgeshire, England, which offers bespoke sporting shotguns and rifles. The company was established by William Gallyon in Cambridge, in 1784.[3] Gallyon Gun & Rifle Makers is a member of the Heritage Crafts and held several Royal Warrants.

text:
# Gallyon Gun & Rifle Makers

Gallyon Gun & Rifle Makers Ltd (formerly known as Gallyon & Sons) is a British gunmaker currently based in St Neots, Cambridgeshire, England, which offers bespoke sporting shotguns and rifles.

The company was established by William Gallyon in Cambridge, in 1784.<sup>\[3\]</sup> Gallyon Gun & Rifle Makers is a member of the Heritage Crafts and held several Royal Warrants.

## History

Gun making by the Gallyon family began in the late 1700s when William Gallyon \[1758-1838\] a descendant of a family of glaziers, was apprenticed to John Henshaw, a well-known London trained gunmaker. Henshaw completed his training in London and became a member of the Worshipful Company of Gunmakers, a London Guild, and became a Freeman of the City of London. Henshaw worked and traded in London before moving to Cambridge around 1746.

In 1784 William Gallyon had left the employment of John Henshaw and had established his own gun making business in Cambridge. John Henshaw died on 7 February 1796 and within his will & testament, he directed his kinsman, James Henshaw, an ironmonger from London, to sell and dispose of the business, along with all the stock in trade and working goods; these were bought by William Gallyon. In 1939 Gallyon & Sons bought the business of Lionel Clough based in King's Lynn, a business which had its origins in 1800 with M. Spencer, gunmaker. In 1860 the business was sold and transferred to J.M. Boreham, and then 10 years later to John Young's Potter. Potter was an extremely fine craftsman who made very good 12 and 16 bore game guns and larger bore fowling pieces having apprenticed with Harris Holland, which eventually became Holland & Holland.

John Youngs Potter married Sarah Ann Rey at Stepney Baptist Church, Broad Street, Lynn on 3 March 1850. The 1851 census showed that they were staying with his brother Thomas Potter, at Hanover Square in London. This was close to where John Youngs Potter worked for one of the most prestigious gunmakers in England, Harris Holland of Bond Street, London.

## Cambridge: 66 Bridge Street and Further Acquisitions

The original location of Gallyon Guns was in Slaughterhouse Lane, Cambridge, which is now known as Corn Exchange Street. In 1868 Gallyon & Sons leased premises at 66 Bridge Street in Cambridge, an address which Gallyon became synonymous with and eventually purchased the property in 1888 from St John's College, Cambridge.

In 1955, Gallyon & Sons of King's Lynn was granted a Royal Warrant of appointment to Queen Elizabeth II, having previously held those for kings Edward VII, George V and George VI.

On 1 April 1951, Gallyon & Sons purchased the business of Charles Francis, gunmaker of Peterborough. Charles Francis established his gun making business in long causeway, Peterborough, during the early 1800s. The business traded as Charles Francis & Son from 1951 until 1 March 1964, when the company was incorporated and became Gallyon & Sons(Peterborough) Ltd.

In 1964, Gallyon & Sons acquired another British gunmaker, C.S. Rosson, from its founder, Charles Stanley Rosson.

In 1906 Charles Stanley Rosson came to Norwich from Derby, where he, his father and older brother had worked as gunmakers. Charles purchased an old established gunmaking business from Cartwright & Wilson, and quickly built up a reputation for very high-quality guns, that were valued and exported worldwide. Situated originally on the corner of ‘*Rampant Horse Street*’, a location which was unfortunately bombed and destroyed during the Second World War, with the loss of the historical C S Rosson gun ledgers.

Gallyon temporarily took over what remained of the business after the bombing as an act of kindness to Charles, offering to ‘*Caretaker*’ the business until Charles was able to take back the running of the business. Gallyon returned the business back to C.S. Rosson in 1947, which was then re-established in ‘*White Lion Street*’, Norwich.

After the Second World War and with the loss of the original archival gun records, the first recorded gun in the new ledger was dated 2 February 1946. The gun was given the serial number 4501. Rosson gun records normally show the date which the gun was finished, in some cases this was the date of the final engraving or sale to the customer.

Rosson use several brand names, which denoted the level of quality. The top of its range was Eclipse, followed by Norfolk, County, Expert, Acme and finally Covert. In the early 1950s the business moved to 'Bedford Street' where Charles ran the business until 1956 when he died.

The Rosson business was then sold to Stuart Healy's of London and after three years the business went bankrupt.

The business was then sold at auction to H.P. Darlow, a wholesale arms and ammunition merchant from Bedford. Darlow tried to run the business unsuccessfully from his remote Bedfordshire office, until in November 1964 Gallyon agreed to buy the gunmaking business, with Darlow retaining the cartridge business.

The takeover of the Rosson business was completed on 1 April 1965 and the Rosson name was retained for six months, then in 1966 it was changed to Gallyon & Sons (Norwich) Ltd.

## Modern Day

More than 26,000 hand-made bespoke sporting guns have been manufactured by Gallyon & Sons of East Anglia since the company’s foundation in 1784 up to 2017. Gallyon is the oldest British gunmaking firm and still retains Richard Gallyon as a brand ambassador.

In 2017, Quiller Press published a limited edition of "Gallyon and Sons: Gunmakers of East Anglia", a book written by Richard Gallyon and Wendy Trott about the history of *Gallyon Guns*.

In 2019 Richard Gallyon looked to retire from the family firm and sold the business to a close family friend, Richard Hefford-Hobbs, and his business partner Adam Anthony.

In 2022 Gallyon was featured on the cover of Field Magazine the UK’s premier field sport publication established in 1853 and the US premier tile Shooting Sportsman a first for any gun manufacturer to feature on both in the same year.

Gallyon enjoys a strong relationship with the 8th Earl of Leicester who spoke on the great history of the sport and partnership:

*"The Holkham Estate and Gallyon share a longstanding East Anglian heritage. Holkham is widely acknowledged as the home of driven gameshooting in Britain, while Gallyon guns have been shot on our estate since the late 1780s."*

## Range

The current Gallyon range consists of 3 game guns, The Cambridge Plain Action, The Cambridge Engraved (engraved action, upgraded stock, and a silver oval) and The Holkham a premium, side-plated game gun that encapsulates the finest traditions of bespoke British gunmaking.

All Gallyon gun components, including the barrels are made in-house in Cambridgeshire to the uncompromising standards of the Formula One, Aerospace and Medical Industries. All parts are made to an extremely high level of precision, some down to micron levels, every part has been subjected to extensive Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), a process developed to analyse potential failure modes of military systems.

All parts are then hand craft finished and built into the final gun. Stocking is also undertaken in house with each gun fitted bespoke to each customer, a traditional craft skill.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

Gallyon Gun & Rifle Makers Ltd
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Traded as | Gallyon Gun & Rifle Makers |
| Industry | Gun manufacturer |
| Predecessor | Gallyon & Sons |
| Founded | 1784 (1784) |
| Founder | William Gallyon (1758-1838) |
| Fate | Active |
| Headquarters | St Neots, Cambridgeshire, England |
| Products | Shotguns & Rifles |
| Website | www.gallyon.com |


title: Scotorythra trapezias

abstract: Scotorythra trapezias is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was first described by Edward Meyrick in 1899. It is endemic to the Hawaiian islands of Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui and Hawaii. The larvae feed on Dodonaea species.

text:
# Scotorythra trapezias

***Scotorythra trapezias*** is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was first described by Edward Meyrick in 1899.

It is endemic to the Hawaiian islands of Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui and Hawaii.

The larvae feed on *Dodonaea* species.

* Zimmerman, Elwood C. (1958). *Insects of Hawaii*. Vol. **7** Macrolepidoptera. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu. hdl:10125/7336.

## InfoBox

| *Scotorythra trapezias* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Scotorythra* |
| Species: | ***S. trapezias*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Scotorythra trapezias***<br>Meyrick, 1899 | |
|


title: Oh Seong-ok

abstract: Oh Seong-Ok is a former South Korean handball player. She is the first South Korean woman to compete at five Olympics.

text:
# Oh Seong-ok

| **Korean name** | |
| --- | --- |
| Hangul | 오성옥 |
| Hanja |  |
| Revised Romanization | *O Seong-ok* |
| McCune–Reischauer | *O Sŏng-ok* |

**Oh Seong-Ok** (born October 10, 1972) is a former South Korean handball player. She is the first South Korean woman to compete at five Olympics (1992 to 2008).

## Career

At the 1992 Olympics, Oh was part of the South Korea team, which won the gold medal. She played all five matches and scored twenty goals. Four years later, she won the silver medal at the 1996 Olympics, a feat she repeated in 2004.

## InfoBox

| Olympic medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Representing  South Korea | | |
| Women's handball | | |
|  | 1992 Barcelona | Team |
|  | 1996 Atlanta | Team |
|  | 2004 Athens | Team |
|  | 2008 Beijing | Team |


title: NA-133 Kasur-III

abstract: NA-133 Kasur-III is a constituency for the National Assembly of Pakistan. The constituency was created in 2018.

text:
# NA-133 Kasur-III

**NA-133 Kasur-III** (این اے-133، قصور-3) is a constituency for the National Assembly of Pakistan. The constituency was created in 2018.

## Area

The constituency mainly consists of Pattoki Tehsil and includes areas of the Tehsil, inclusive of the city of Phool Nagar, Balloki, which were previously included in the now-abolished constituencies of NA-141 (Kasur-IV) and NA-142 (Kasur-V). Some areas of Pattoki Tehsil, namely, Chak no. 34, Chakoki, and Wan Adhan, are included in the newly created NA-139 (Kasur-III).

## Members of Parliament

### 2018–2023: NA-139 Kasur-III

| Election | | Member | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 2018 | Rana Muhammad Ishaq | PML (N) |

### 2024–present: NA-133 Kasur-III

| Election | | Member | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 2024 | Azeemuddin Zahid Lakhvi | SIC |

## Election 2018

General elections were held on 25 July 2018.

General election 2018: NA-139 Kasur-III
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **PML(N)** | **Rana Muhammad Ishaq** | **121,767** | **43.89** |  |
|  | PTI | Azeemuddin Zahid Lakhvi | 112,893 | 40.69 |  |
|  | Others | Others (fifteen candidates) | 42,788 | 15.42 |  |
| Turnout | | | 286,418 | 59.99 |  |
| Total valid votes | | | 277,448 | 96.87 |  |
| Rejected ballots | | | 8,970 | 3.13 |  |
| Majority | | | 8,874 | 3.20 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 477,465 |  |  |
|  | PML(N) **hold** | | Swing | N/A |  |

## Election 2024

General elections were held on 8 February 2024. Azeemuddin Zahid Lakhvi won the election with 130,167 votes.

General election 2023: NA-133 Kasur-III
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **Azeemuddin Zahid Lakhvi** | **130,167** | **41.17** | **0.48** |
|  | PML(N) | Rana Muhammad Ishaq | 119,343 | 37.75 | 6.14 |
|  | TLP | Ghulam Murtaza | 21,950 | 6.94 | 1.32 |
|  | Others | Others (fifteen candidates) | 44,721 | 14.14 |  |
| Turnout | | | 330,182 | 56.99 | 3.00 |
| Total valid votes | | | 316,181 | 95.76 |  |
| Rejected ballots | | | 14,001 | 4.24 |  |
| Majority | | | 10,824 | 3.42 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 579,328 |  |  |

1. Filed nomination papers as PTI candidate but ECP allowed him to run as an Independent

## InfoBox

| NA-133 Kasur-III | |
| --- | --- |
| Constituency
for the National Assembly of Pakistan | |
|  | |
| Region | Chunian Tehsil and Pattoki Tehsil Tehsil (partly) of Kasur District |
| Electorate | 579,328 |
| Current constituency | |
| Created | 2018 |
| Party | Sunni Ittehad Council |
| Member(s) | Azeemuddin Zahid Lakhvi |
| Created from | NA-141 Kasur-IV
NA-142 Kasur-V |


title: Pethia striata

abstract: Pethia striata is a species of cyprinid fish found in the Tunga River basin in Karnataka, India. This species can reach a length of 3.3 centimetres (1.3 in) SL.

text:
# Pethia striata

***Pethia striata*** is a species of cyprinid fish found in the Tunga River basin in Karnataka, India. This species can reach a length of 3.3 centimetres (1.3 in) SL.

## InfoBox

| *Pethia striata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Subfamily: | Barbinae |
| Genus: | *Pethia* |
| Species: | ***P. striata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pethia striata***<br>Atkore, Knight, Rema Devi & Krishnaswamy, 2015 | |
|


title: Yellow-fronted canary

abstract: The yellow-fronted canary is a small passerine bird in the finch family. It is sometimes known in aviculture as the green singing finch or the ‘’’green singer’’’. The yellow-fronted canary was formerly placed in the genus Serinus, but phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences found that genus to be polyphyletic. The genus was therefore split and a number of species including the yellow-fronted canary were moved to the resurrected genus Crithagra Swainson 1827. This bird is a resident breeder in Africa south of the Sahara Desert. Its habitat is open woodland and cultivation. It nests in trees, laying three or four eggs in a compact cup nest. It has been introduced to the Hawaiian Islands, where it is found on western Hawaii, southeastern Oahu and Molokai. The yellow-fronted canary is a common, gregarious seedeater. It is 11–13 cm in length. The adult male has a green back and brown wings and tail. The underparts and rump are yellow, and the head is yellow with a grey crown and nape and a black malar stripe. The female is similar, but with a weaker head pattern and duller underparts. Juveniles are greyer than the female, especially on the head. Its song is a warbled zee-zeree-chereeo.

text:
# Yellow-fronted canary

The **yellow-fronted canary**  (***Crithagra mozambica***) is a small passerine bird in the finch family. It is sometimes known in aviculture as the **green singing finch** or the ‘’’green singer’’’.

The yellow-fronted canary was formerly placed in the genus *Serinus*, but phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences found that genus to be polyphyletic. The genus was therefore split and a number of species including the yellow-fronted canary were moved to the resurrected genus *Crithagra* Swainson 1827.

This bird is a resident breeder in Africa south of the Sahara Desert. Its habitat is open woodland and cultivation. It nests in trees, laying three or four eggs in a compact cup nest. It has been introduced to the Hawaiian Islands, where it is found on western Hawaii, southeastern Oahu and Molokai.

The yellow-fronted canary is a common, gregarious seedeater. It is 11–13 cm in length. The adult male has a green back and brown wings and tail. The underparts and rump are yellow, and the head is yellow with a grey crown and nape and a black malar stripe. The female is similar, but with a weaker head pattern and duller underparts. Juveniles are greyer than the female, especially on the head.

Its song is a warbled *zee-zeree-chereeo*.

## Subspecies

* *Crithagra mozambica mozambica*: coastal Kenya and Mafia Island (Tanzania) south to Zimbabwe, Mozambique, eastern and southeastern Botswana, and northeastern South Africa (North West and Limpopo to Free State)
* *Crithagra mozambica punctigula*: Cameroon (north to Toukte, Grand Capitaine and Koum)
* *Crithagra mozambica caniceps*: Senegal to Cameroon (south to Benue plain)
* *Crithagra mozambica tando*: Gabon to north Angola and south west Democratic Republic of the Congo; introduced São Tomé island, São Tomé and Príncipe
* *Crithagra mozambica vansoni*: Extreme south east Angola and adjacent Namibia to north Botswana, south west Zambia
* *Crithagra mozambica barbata*: southern Chad, Central African Republic, western Sudan, western and southern South Sudan, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, southwestern Kenya, and central Tanzania
* *Crithagra mozambica samaliyae*: SE Democratic Republic of the Congo to sw Tanzania and adjacent Zambia
* *Crithagra mozambica grotei*: southeastern Sudan (east of the Nile), eastern South Sudan, and western and southwestern Ethiopia
* *Crithagra mozambica gommaensis*: Eritrea and northwestern and central Ethiopia
* *Crithagra mozambica granti*: eastern South Africa (Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal south to Eastern Cape), eastern Eswatini, and southern Mozambique

## InfoBox

| Yellow-fronted canary | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Crithagra mozambica tando* | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Fringillidae |
| Subfamily: | Carduelinae |
| Genus: | *Crithagra* |
| Species: | ***C. mozambica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Crithagra mozambica***
(Müller, 1776) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Serinus mozambicus* | |


title: Vainajala

abstract: Vainajala (1998) is an album by the Finnish rock group CMX. Vainaja is Finnish for a dead person, Vainajala meaning a name of a place inhabited by the dead. The style that Vainajala was produced in was highly exceptional; The band went to a small cottage in the middle of Lapland with mobile recording equipment and producer Billy Gould, who had previously shown interest in the band largely unknown outside Finland. Recording Vainajala took only two weeks, much less than the recording time for any of their other recent albums. The album was later finished at the Herodes studio in Helsinki, but the musical style of the album is still very minimalistic. Only a few visiting artists performed on the album.

text:
# Vainajala

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | link |

***Vainajala*** (1998) is an album by the Finnish rock group CMX. Vainaja is Finnish for a dead person, *Vainajala* meaning a name of a place inhabited by the dead.

The style that *Vainajala* was produced in was highly exceptional; The band went to a small cottage in the middle of Lapland with mobile recording equipment and producer Billy Gould, who had previously shown interest in the band largely unknown outside Finland. Recording *Vainajala* took only two weeks, much less than the recording time for any of their other recent albums. The album was later finished at the Herodes studio in Helsinki, but the musical style of the album is still very minimalistic. Only a few visiting artists performed on the album.

## Track listing

*All songs written by CMX with lyrics by A. W. Yrjänä.*

1. "Iskusävelmä" – 3:38 ("Hit Song")
2. "Surunmurhaaja" – 3:47  ("Murderer of Sorrow")
3. "Vainajala" – 6:07
4. "Vierasta viljaa" – 4:14  ("Foreign Grain")
5. "Ei yksikään" – 3:26  ("Not One")
6. "Taivaan lapset" – 3:50  ("Children of Heaven")
7. "Sillanrakentaja" – 4:14  ("Bridgebuilder")
8. "Laulu palavasta linnusta" – 4:00  ("Song about a Burning Bird")
9. "Eufrat" – 1:29
10. "Kirjeitä paratiisista" – 3:56  ("Letters from Paradise")
11. "Arkangeli" – 3:17  ("Arkhangelsk")
12. "Vanha talvitie" – 5:59 ("Old Winter Road")

### The band

### Guests

* Billy Gould – producer
* Martti Salminen – keyboard, vocals
* Susanna Eronen – vocals
* Teropekka Virtanen – recording, mixing
* Mika Jussila – mastering
* Janne Uotila – sleeve design

## Singles

* "Ei yksikään" / "Linnunhammas (live)" (October 1998)
* "Sillanrakentaja" / "Punainen nro 6" (November 1998)
* "Surunmurhaaja" / "π" / "Aivosähköä (live)" (March 1999)

## InfoBox

| Vainajala | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by CMX | |
| Released | October 1998 |
| Recorded | July – August 1998, in a cottage in Ylösjärvi |
| Genre | Progressive rock |
| Length | 48:04 |
| Label | Herodes/EMI |
| Producer | Billy Gould |
| CMX chronology | |
| *Discopolis*
(1996) ***Vainajala***
(1998) *Dinosaurus Stereophonicus*
(2000) | |


title: Mediterranean short-toed lark

abstract: The Mediterranean short-toed lark is a small passerine bird found in and around the Mediterranean Basin. It is a common bird with a very wide range from Canary Islands north to the Iberian Peninsula and east throughout North Africa to parts of the Middle East. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern". Its range was also previously thought to include parts of Central Asia, and with the Mediterranean and Central Asian clades combined the species was referred to as the lesser short-toed lark. However, a 2020 study split these two populations into distinct species, with A. rufescens being the Mediterranean clade and A. heinei being the Central Asian clade. Confusingly, Hume's short-toed lark is also sometimes called the lesser short-toed lark.

text:
# Mediterranean short-toed lark

The **Mediterranean** **short-toed lark** (***Alaudala rufescens***) is a small passerine bird found in and around the Mediterranean Basin. It is a common bird with a very wide range from Canary Islands north to the Iberian Peninsula and east throughout North Africa to parts of the Middle East. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern".

Its range was also previously thought to include parts of Central Asia, and with the Mediterranean and Central Asian clades combined the species was referred to as the **lesser short-toed lark**. However, a 2020 study split these two populations into distinct species, with *A. rufescens* being the Mediterranean clade and *A. heinei* being the Central Asian clade. Confusingly, Hume's short-toed lark is also sometimes called the lesser short-toed lark.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The Mediterranean short-toed lark was originally described as belonging to the genus *Alauda*. The genus name *Alaudala* is a diminutive of *Alauda*, and the specific *rufescens* is Latin for "reddish", from *rufus* "red". Alternate names for the lesser short-toed lark include the common short-toed lark, grey lark, rufous short-toed lark and short-toed lark. Formerly or presently, some authorities considered the Athi short-toed lark, Asian short-toed lark and/or the Somali short-toed lark to be subspecies of the lesser short-toed lark.

A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2020 compared the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA from the sand, Asian short-toed, and Mediterranean short-toed larks. The study analysed samples from 130 individuals that represented 16 of the 18 recognised subspecies. The resulting phylogenetic tree indicated that neither the Asian short-toed lark, nor the Mediterranean short-toed lark as currently defined are monophyletic. Most of the subspecies were also found to be non-monophyletic. The authors refrained from proposing a revised taxonomy until additional studies had been completed comparing the vocalizations, sexual behaviour and ecology.

Another 2020 study found that the Mediterranean and the Central & West Asian populations of *A. rufescens* represented two different species, the Mediterranean short-toed lark (*A. rufescens*) and the Turkestan short-toed lark (*A. heinei*). *A. heinei* was lifted to species status by some authorities such as the International Ornithological Congress, and 4 other subspecies originally assigned to *rufescens* were assigned to it instead.

### Subspecies

Five subspecies are recognized:

* *A. r. rufescens* \- (Vieillot, 1819): Found on Tenerife (west-central Canary Islands)
* *A. r. polatzeki* \- (Hartert, 1904): Found in eastern Canary Islands
* *A. r. apetzii* \- (Brehm, AE, 1857): Found in eastern and southern Iberian Peninsula
* *A. r. minor* \- (Cabanis, 1851): Found from Morocco to north-western Egypt and southern Turkey to the Sinai Peninsula and eastern Iraq
* *A. r. nicolli* \- (Hartert, 1909): Found in the Nile Delta (northern Egypt)

4 other subspecies (*A. r. heinei*, *A. r. pseudobaetica*, *A. r. aharonii*, *A. r. persica*) were transferred to *A. heinei* when that species was split.

## Description

The Mediterranean short-toed lark is similar in size and appearance to the greater short-toed lark but is generally a duller-looking bird with a more streaked breast. It grows to a length of from 13 to 14 cm (5.1 to 5.5 in) and the sexes are similar. As with the greater short-toed lark, the colour varies across the broad range and is not a good distinguishing feature. It is dark-streaked greyish-brown above, and white below. It has a pale supercilium, and a short stubby bill.

Care must be taken to distinguish this species from the *Calandrella* larks. This species lacks the dark neck patches of the greater, and has fine streaking across the breast. The bill and head shape also differ, this species having a shorter, less-conical bill and a more-rounded, smaller head. The song is richer, more varied and imitative than that of its relative.

## Distribution and habitat

The Mediterranean short-toed lark breeds in Spain, north Africa, also including Turkey eastwards across the semi-deserts of central Asia to Mongolia and China. Many populations, including the Spanish and African breeders, are sedentary (non-migratory), but some Asian birds from the north of the breeding range migrate south in winter. This species is a very rare wanderer to northern and western Europe.

## Behaviour and ecology

This is a bird of dry open country, preferring even drier and barer soils than the greater short-toed lark. It nests on the ground, laying two or three eggs. Its food is seeds and insects, the latter especially in the breeding season.

## InfoBox

| Mediterranean short-toed lark | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| On Fuerteventura, Canary Islands, Spain | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Alaudidae |
| Genus: | *Alaudala* |
| Species: | ***A. rufescens*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Alaudala rufescens***
(Vieillot, 1819) | |
|
|  | |
| Range includes that of *A. heinei* | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Alauda rufescens* * *Calandrella pispoletta* * *Calandrella rufescens* | |


abstract: The Police Band Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is the official police band service of the Police of Russia, a directly reporting agency of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The PBS-MIA-RF serves as the primary ceremonial music component of the Russian Police, which provides bands for each of the regional and city police departments that compose this institution, together with its educational and training establishments.

text:
# Police Band Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

The **Police Band Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia** is the official police band service of the Police of Russia, a directly reporting agency of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The PBS-MIA-RF serves as the primary ceremonial music component of the Russian Police, which provides bands for each of the regional and city police departments that compose this institution, together with its educational and training establishments.

## History and activities

The present-day Police Band Service is the heir and successor of the bands of the Imperial Police Department of Russia and traces its origins to 1918 when the bands of the Militsiya were founded by order of the then People's Commissar for Internal Affairs of the Russian SFSR, Grigory Petrovsky, who envisioned the Militsiya as a paramilitary people's national police mandated to protect the law and public security in the young republic and the bands stated to be the primary musical unit for ceremonial activities involving the service and thus were to be modeled primarily on the military bands of the then Red Army and the Soviet Navy. In January 2009, Minister Rashid Nurgaliyev approved an order which allowed pupils of music schools to join military band in the MVD. The present form of the bands was assumed in 2011 as part of the Russian police reform, which brought the police services in line with those of other countries in the world.

Currently, the police bands of the MVD take part in similar events that are conducted by the bands of the armed forces. The municipal bands commonly take part in the funeral ceremonies of police officers at the police departments. Its personnel are made up of sworn officers and agents who are trained in both military and civil music schools and conservatories.

## Composition

* Headquarters Band, Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
* Central Concert Band of the Russian Police
* Bands of Police Training and Educational Institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs
    + Band of the Moscow Internal Affairs University
    + Band of the Saint Petersburg Internal Affairs University
    + Band of the Krasnodar Internal Affairs University
    + Band of the Omsk Internal Affairs Academy
    + Band of the Moscow Command Academy of the MVD
    + Band of the Volgograd Internal Affairs Academy
    + Band of the All-Russia Police Staff and Developmental College of the MVD
    + Band of the Tyumen Police Institute of the MVD
    + Band of the Eastern Siberia Police Institute of the MVD
    + Band of the Kazan Police Institute of the MVD
    + Band of the Krasnodar Police Institute of the MVD
* Bands of Regional Police Directorates
    + Band of the Moscow Oblast Police
    + Band of the Volgograd Oblast Police
    + Band of the Saint Petersburg Police
    + Band of the Khabarovsk Krai Police
    + Band of the Tatarstan Police
    + Band of the Karelian Police
    + Band of the Crimean Police
    + Band of the Dagestan Police
    + Band of the Chechenya Police
    + Band of the Bashkortostan Police
    + Band of the Stavropol Krai Police
    + Band of the Novgorod Oblast Police
    + Band of the North Ossenia-Alana Police
    + Band of the Kabardino-Balkarian Police
    + Band of the Krasnodar Krai Police
    + Band of the Buryatian Police
    + Band of the Tuvan Police
* Bands of City Police Directorates
    + Central Band of the Red Banner Moscow City Police
    + HQ Band of the Sevastopol Police
    + HQ Band of the Krasnodar City Police
    + HQ Band of the Kazan Police
    + HQ Band of the Sochi Police
    + HQ Band of the Samara Police
    + HQ Band of the Volgograd City Police
    + HQ Band of the Grozny Police
    + HQ Band of the Rostov-on-Don City Police
    + HQ Band of the Ulan-Ude Police
    + HQ Band of the Simferopol City Police
    + HQ Band of the Makhachkala Police
    + HQ Band of the Novgorod Police
    + HQ Band of the Dimitrovgrad Police
    + HQ Band of the Ivanovo Police
* Bands of Municipal Police Departments and District Police Commands

The Bands of City Police Directorates, such as the Moscow Police Band, are provided by the Cultural Center of that specific directorate.

### Band of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Tatarstan

The Band of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Tatarstan was established in 1995 under Captain Marat Kadyrov. On 17 April 1996, the first performance of the band took place in front of employees of the Ministry. In 2000, the orchestra participated in the international festival of brass bands in France, giving concerts in 16 French cities. It is one of the leading military brass bands not only in Kazan and the republic, but also in the entire Volga Federal District.

### Band of the Altai Krai Police

The Band of the Altai Krai Police was organized in May 1999. At that time, members of the military band of the Barnaul Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots formed the basis of the ensemble, which was under the direction Captain Ivan Sursyakov. In 2002, the band toured the entire Altai Krai with a concert program dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the MVD. In 2003, the band was attached to the Cultural Centre under the Main Directorate and has since 2007 been directed by Vladimir Lozin. In 2012, the band won the "Silver Tunes of Fanfares" festival of Russian law enforcement agencies in Seversk.

## InfoBox

| Police Band Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia | |
| --- | --- |
| оркестр службы полицейский МВД России | |
| Active | 1918–present |
| Country | Soviet Union
Russia |
| Branch | Police of Russia |
| Type | Police band |
| HQ | Moscow |
| Nickname(s) | Russian Police Bands |
| Agency responsible | Ministry of Internal Affairs |
| Commanders | |
| Notable
commanders | Lieutenant Colonel Oleg Plotnikov |


title: Gallé, Mali

abstract: Gallé is a village and principal settlement of the commune of Gadougou II in the Cercle of Kita in the Kayes Region of south-western Mali. As of 2009, the commune has a total population of just over 9,000.

text:
# Gallé, Mali

**Gallé** is a village and principal settlement of the commune of Gadougou II in the Cercle of Kita in the Kayes Region of south-western Mali. As of 2009, the commune has a total population of just over 9,000.

## InfoBox

| Gallé | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| GalléLocation in Mali | |
| Coordinates: 12°35′5″N 9°30′12″W / 12.58472°N 9.50333°W / 12.58472; -9.50333 | |
| Country | Mali |
| Region | Kayes Region |
| Cercle | Kita Cercle |
| Commune | Gadougou II |
| Elevation | 305 m (1,001 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT) |


title: Scotostena

abstract: Scotostena is a monotypic moth genus of the family Noctuidae. Its only species, Scotostena lugens, is found in New Guinea. Both the genus and species were first described by George Hampson in 1910.

text:
# Scotostena

***Scotostena*** is a monotypic moth genus of the family Noctuidae. Its only species, ***Scotostena lugens***, is found in New Guinea. Both the genus and species were first described by George Hampson in 1910.

## InfoBox

| *Scotostena* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Genus: | ***Scotostena***
Hampson, 1910 |
| Species: | ***S. lugens*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Scotostena lugens***
Hampson, 1910 | |
|


title: Petrushka (horse)

abstract: Petrushka is a retired Thoroughbred racehorse who was bred in Ireland and trained in the United Kingdom during a racing career which lasted from October 1999 to June 2001. She was named European Champion Three-Year-Old Filly at the 2000 Cartier Racing Awards. In her championship season she won four times from seven starts including Group One races is three countries. She won the Irish Oaks against other three-year-old fillies, before beating older fillies and mares in the Yorkshire Oaks in England and the Prix de l'Opéra in France. Petrushka was retired to stud after a single, unsuccessful run as a four-year-old.

text:
# Petrushka (horse)

**Petrushka** is a retired Thoroughbred racehorse who was bred in Ireland and trained in the United Kingdom during a racing career which lasted from October 1999 to June 2001. She was named European Champion Three-Year-Old Filly at the 2000 Cartier Racing Awards. In her championship season she won four times from seven starts including Group One races is three countries. She won the Irish Oaks against other three-year-old fillies, before beating older fillies and mares in the Yorkshire Oaks in England and the Prix de l'Opéra in France. Petrushka was retired to stud after a single, unsuccessful run as a four-year-old.

## Background

Petrushka, a dark chestnut filly with a small white star was bred at the Airlie Stud, near Maynooth, County Kildare, sired by the Northern Dancer stallion Unfuwain out of the mare Ballet Shoes. Unfuwain was a high-class middle-distance runner who won four Group races before siring the winners of more than five hundred winners at stud. Ballet Shoes, who won two minor races, was a product of the Ballymacoll Stud and a half sister to the Champion Stakes winner Spectrum. As a descendant of the broodmare Sunny Valley, she was also closely related to Sun Princess.

Petrushka's name derives from the ballet by Stravinsky, and was suggested by the name of her dam. An odd feature of the filly's name was the fact that the original Petrushka was male.

Petrushka was sent as a yearling to the Goffs sales in October 1998 where she was bought for IR£110,000 by John Warren, the director of the Highclere Thoroughbred Racing group. Petrushka was sent into training with Sir Michael Stoute at Newmarket, Suffolk.

## Racing career

### 1999: two-year-old season

Petrushka had only one race as a two-year-old, starting 5/1 second favourite in a maiden race at Leicester in October. She started slowly and took time to reach her full speed, but then made rapid progress to take the lead inside the final furlong and win "cleverly" by three quarters of a length.

Despite the race's modest status, Petrushka's win attracted attention, and she went into the winter break regarded as "a serious filly" and a possible contender for the following year's Classics.

### 2000: three-year-old season

#### Spring

Petrushka was originally considered more of a prospect for the one and a half mile Oaks, than the 1000 Guineas over one mile, but her improved home form suggested that she had the speed for the shorter classic. On her three-year-old debut, Petrushka confirmed this impression in her first Group race, the Nell Gwyn Stakes over seven furlongs at Newmarket. She was sent off the 7/2 favourite, despite the presence in the field of the Cheveley Park Stakes winner Seazun. Held up in the early stages by Kieren Fallon, Petrushka moved up to take the lead a furlong out and pulled clear to beat Seazun by four lengths. Fallon praised the filly saying that "she travels and she's got a serious turn of foot. You couldn't fault her in any way." Her odds for the Guineas and the Oaks were cut to 2/1 and 5/1 respectively. Tony Morris, writing in the *Racing Post*, offered the opinion that "a star was born" in the Nell Gwyn.

Less than three weeks later Petrushka was made 6/4 favourite against seventeen opponents in the 1000 Guineas. Petrushka was held up by Fallon, but was bumped when trying to make a forward move and was then unable to find space for a clear run. She finished strongly, but was unable to reach the leaders, finishing third, more than four lengths behind Lahan.

#### Summer

Petrushka was then moved up in distance for the Oaks over one and a half miles at Epsom for which she was made 9/2 third favourite. Her second attempt at classic success ended in failure, however, as she finished a well-beaten fourth behind Love Divine, Kalypso Katie and Melikah.

From this point on, Petrushka showed rapid improvement. In July she was sent to The Curragh for the Irish Oaks, where she was ridden for the first time by Johnny Murtagh, Fallon having suffered a serious shoulder injury at Royal Ascot. After tracking the leaders in the early stages, Petrushka took the lead in the straight and pulled well clear to win by five and a half lengths despite being eased down in the closing stages. She decisively reversed the Epsom for with Melikah, who finished second, and Kalypso Katie who was a further four and a half lengths back in fifth. *The Independent* described it as "a slaughter", while Stoute contrasted the performance with her previous two runs by insisting that "this is the real Petrushka."

The Yorkshire Oaks at York in August saw Petrushka matched against Love Divine for a second time, with the 1999 Champion Filly Ramruma also in the field. The meeting of the three outstanding fillies was highly anticipated as one of the "races of the season". Petrushka was held up as usual, as Ramruma made the early running. Murtagh made his challenge in the straight, as Love Divine moved past Ramruma to take the lead. Petrushka produced an impressive "burst of speed" to catch Love Divine a furlong out and stayed on well to beat the Oaks winner by one and a quarter lengths. After the race one of her owners suggested that both the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe and the Champion Stakes were being considered for her next race, with the Breeders' Cup Filly & Mare Turf as her likely end of season target.

#### Autumn

In October, Petrushka was sent to France for the Prix de l'Opéra at Longchamp. Although the opposition in the Group One race did not appear to be as strong as at York, the distance of 2000m was short of Petrushka's best and an unfavourable draw did not help her chances. Murtagh predictably held the filly up before moving her to the wide outside to challenge in the straight. Petrushka produced a sustained run to take the lead inside the final 200m and win by three quarters of a length from the Prix Saint-Alary winner Reve d'Oscar.

On her final start of the season, Petrushka was sent to Churchill Downs for the Breeders' Cup and was made 7/5 favourite for the Filly & Mare Turf. She was settled in sixth place by Murtagh before being moved out to challenge in the straight. She could make no progress however, and finished fifth of the fourteen starters behind Perfect Sting.

### 2001: four-year-old season

Petrushka was kept in training at four but had little chance to make an impact, despite positive reports concerning her form in training. On her only start she finished fifth of the six runners behind Mutafaweq in the Coronation Cup at Epsom in June.

Shortly after the race it was announced that she had sustained a tendon injury in her right foreleg and would be unable to race again. At the end of June she was sold to the Darley Stud as a prospective broodmare for a reported £3,500,000.

## Assessment

At the Cartier Racing Awards for 2000, Petrushka was named European Champion Three-Year-Old Filly. In the official International Classification, Petrushka was rated the second best European filly on a rating of 122, four pounds below the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe runner-up Egyptband.

Michael Stoute called Petrushka "the best middle-distance filly I have trained."

## Stud career

Although Petrushka has been bred to many leading stallions including Rainbow Quest and Gone West, she has yet to produce a top class flat runner. Her son Parlour Games (by Monsun) is however a Grade I National Hunt winner having triumphed in the 2014 Challow Novices' Hurdle.

## Pedigree

Pedigree of Petrushka (IRE), chestnut mare, 1997
| Sire
Unfuwain (USA)
1985 | Northern Dancer
1961 | Nearctic | Nearco |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Lady Angela |
| | Natalma | Native Dancer |
| | Almahmoud |
| | Height of Fashion
1979 | Bustino | Busted |
| | | Ship Yard |
| | Highclere | Queens Hussar |
| | Highlight |
| Dam
Ballet Shoes (IRE)
1990 | Ela-Mana-Mou
1976 | Pitcairn | Petingo |
| | | Border Bounty |
| | Rose Bertin | High Hat |
| | Wide Awake |
| | River Dancer
1983 | Irish River | Riverman |
| | | Irish Star |
| | Dancing Shadow | Dancer's Image |
| | Sunny Valley (Family: 1-l) |

## InfoBox

| Petrushka | |
| --- | --- |
| Sire | Unfuwain |
| Grandsire | Northern Dancer |
| Dam | Ballet Shoes |
| Damsire | Ela-Mana-Mou |
| Sex | Mare |
| Foaled | 3 May 1997 |
| Country | Ireland |
| Colour | Chestnut |
| Breeder | Airlie Stud |
| Owner | Highclere Thoroughbred Racing Ltd |
| Trainer | Sir Michael Stoute |
| Record | 9: 5-0-1 |
| Earnings | £367,624 |
| Major wins | |
| Nell Gwyn Stakes (2000)
Irish Oaks (2000)
Yorkshire Oaks (2000)
Prix de l'Opéra (2000) | |
| Awards | |
| European Champion Three-Year-Old Filly (2000) | |
| Last updated on August 25, 2007 | |


title: Old Casino de Ferrol

abstract: El Casino de Ferrol is a historical edifice in Ferrol, Spain, created as a social catalyst to satisfy the social needs of the 19th century incipient local bourgeoisie and upper classes. The city and naval station of Ferrol was going to be the cradle of the Spanish Socialist Workers Movement as well as the Spanish Feminist Movement. Since the 1980s, El Casino de Ferrol took over in a joined venture another historical institution in the same city: El Cub de Tenis de Ferrol. Together, they formed El Casino Ferrolano Tenis Club and all points up at the beginning of the 21st century to a harmonious long lasting future together. El Casino de Ferrol, like any other institution in modern Spain, has its membership open to any one to join in.

text:
# Old Casino de Ferrol

**El Casino de Ferrol** is a historical edifice in Ferrol, Spain, created as a social catalyst to satisfy the social needs of the 19th century incipient local bourgeoisie and upper classes.

The city and naval station of Ferrol was going to be the cradle of the Spanish Socialist Workers Movement as well as the Spanish Feminist Movement.

Since the 1980s, El Casino de Ferrol took over in a joined venture another historical institution in the same city: El Cub de Tenis de Ferrol. Together, they formed El Casino Ferrolano Tenis Club and all points up at the beginning of the 21st century to a harmonious long lasting future together.

El Casino de Ferrol, like any other institution in modern Spain, has its membership open to any one to join in.


title: Peter Phelps (politician)

abstract: Peter Robert Phelps is an Australian politician. He was a Liberal Party member of the New South Wales Legislative Council from 2011 to 2019. He was Government whip in the Legislative Council for five years, before resigning in March 2016 to protest new legislation regarding the sale of E10 ethanol fuel, which he called "an egregious breach" of Liberal Party core values.

text:
# Peter Phelps (politician)

**Peter Robert Phelps** (born 7 May 1968) is an Australian politician. He was a Liberal Party member of the New South Wales Legislative Council from 2011 to 2019.

He was Government whip in the Legislative Council for five years, before resigning in March 2016 to protest new legislation regarding the sale of E10 ethanol fuel, which he called "an egregious breach" of Liberal Party core values.

## Early life

Phelps was born at Camden District Hospital to Robert and Gwen Phelps. He spent his early years in Bradbury, New South Wales, and attending the Bradbury Infants School. Later his family moved to the Sydney inner-western suburbs of Camperdown and then Dulwich Hill. He attended Camperdown Demonstration School, opportunity classes at Summer Hill Public School, Fort Street High School and the University of Sydney, where he resided at St Paul's College. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts with Honours in History in 1990 and a PhD in Australian History in 1997.

## Political activity

Phelps contested the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Drummoyne in the 1999 election. Before entering Parliament, Phelps worked as an adviser to various Liberal politicians: Ian McLachlan (1998), John Moore (1998–99), Senator Chris Ellison (1999–2000), Senator Eric Abetz (2001–06), Gary Nairn (2006–07), Senator Michael Ronaldson (2009–10) and Bronwyn Bishop (2010–11). He was ninth on the coalition Legislative Council ticket at the 2011 election and was elected 16th. He was again ninth on the coalition Legislative Council ticket at the 2019 election however he was not re-elected.

He was a Member of the State Executive of the Liberal Party and the Chairman of the Constitution Standing Committee. He has also been on numerous other parliamentary committees.

Phelps's entry at the website of the NSW Parliament says: "Dr Phelps is a libertarian with social conservative tendencies, placing him within the 'fusionist' school of conservative political philosophy. His political hero is Ronald Reagan."

## Controversies

Phelps was Nairn's chief of staff during the 2007 federal election, at which Nairn lost his seat of Eden-Monaro to the Labor candidate, Dr Mike Kelly. During the campaign he attended a Kelly campaign meeting in Queanbeyan. From the audience he asked Kelly, a former Army officer, why he had served in the Iraq War when Labor had opposed that war. Kelly replied "I was a soldier, and I did what I was ordered to do." Phelps then said: "Oh, like the guards at Belsen, perhaps? Are you using the Nuremberg Defence?"

The following week in federal Parliament, responding to a Labor question about Phelps's comments, Nairn said: "I would not agree with any comments that might compare the work of Australian soldiers with those in Nazi Germany." The ABC reported that "Peter Phelps has written to Mike Kelly, unreservedly withdrawing his inappropriate comments and regretting any offence."

In 2011, Phelps made a speech in which he compared scientists who believe in global warming to those who worked for totalitarian regimes. He said it should not be forgotten that "some of the strongest supporters of totalitarian regimes in the last century have been scientists... We should not be so surprised that the contemporary science debate has become so debased," he said. "At the heart of many scientists – but not all scientists – lies the heart of a totalitarian planner." This was reported as "Upper house whip under fire for Nazi slur on scientists," although Phelps did not use the word "Nazi."

In 2013, on the 40th anniversary of the military coup in Chile, Phelps, in a speech in the NSW Parliament, said that he supported the overthrow of Salvador Allende. Phelps' comments were controversial, with the Labor Party and Greens calling for Premier Barry O'Farrell to reprimand or sack Phelps for his comments. He was neither sacked nor reprimanded.

## InfoBox

| DrPeter Phelps | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the New South Wales Legislative Council | |
| **In office**
26 March 2011  23 March 2019 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1968-05-07) 7 May 1968
Camden, New South Wales |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Political party | Liberal Party |
|  | |


title: Yellow-green brushfinch

abstract: The yellow-green brushfinch is a species of bird in the family Passerellidae. It is endemic to western Panama. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forest where it is threatened by habitat loss.

text:
# Yellow-green brushfinch

The **yellow-green brushfinch** (***Atlapetes luteoviridis***) is a species of bird in the family Passerellidae.

It is endemic to western Panama. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forest where it is threatened by habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| Yellow-green brushfinch | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Passerellidae |
| Genus: | *Atlapetes* |
| Species: | ***A. luteoviridis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Atlapetes luteoviridis***
(Griscom, 1924) | |
|
|  | |