title: German submarine U-637

abstract:
German submarine U-637 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II.
She was laid down on 17 October 1941 by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg as yard number 613, launched on 7 July 1942 and commissioned on 27 August 1942 under Kapitänleutnant Max Bernd Dieterich.

text:
# German submarine U-637

**German submarine *U-637*** was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's *Kriegsmarine* for service during World War II. She was laid down on 17 October 1941 by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg as yard number 613, launched on 7 July 1942 and commissioned on 27 August 1942 under *Kapitänleutnant* Max Bernd Dieterich.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. *U-637* had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two BBC GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). *U-637* was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and one twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

## Service history

The boat's career began with training at 5th U-boat Flotilla on 27 August 1942, followed by active service on 1 June 1944 as part of the 1st Flotilla.

In three patrols she sank one warship, for a total of 39 tons.

### Fate

*U-637* surrendered on 9 May 1945 at Stavanger and later sunk as part of Operation Deadlight on 21 December 1945 at position 55°35′N 07°46′W / 55.583°N 7.767°W / 55.583; -7.767.

## Summary of raiding history

| Date | Ship Name | Nationality | Tonnage | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 24 December 1944 | *BMO-594* | Soviet Navy | 39 | Sunk |

### Notes

### Citations

1. Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type VIIC boat U-637". *German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net*. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
2. Gröner 1991, pp. 43–46.
3. Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit by U-637". *German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net*. Retrieved 12 November 2014.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Nazi Germany | |
| Name | *U-637* |
| Ordered | 20 January 1941 |
| Builder | Blohm & Voss, Hamburg |
| Yard number | 613 |
| Laid down | 17 October 1941 |
| Launched | 7 July 1942 |
| Commissioned | 27 August 1942 |
| Fate | Surrendered on 9 May 1945 at Stavanger. Later sunk as part of Operation Deadlight on 21 December 1945. |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Type VIIC submarine |
| Displacement |  |
| Length |  |
| Beam | * 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in) o/a * 4.70 m (15 ft 5 in) pressure hull |
| Draught | 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in) |
| Installed power | * 2,800–3,200 PS (2,100–2,400 kW; 2,800–3,200 bhp) (diesels) * 750 PS (550 kW; 740 shp) (electric) |
| Propulsion |  |
| Speed | * 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) surfaced * 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph) submerged |
| Range | * 8,500 nmi (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced * 80 nmi (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged |
| Test depth | * 230 m (750 ft) * Crush depth: 250–295 m (820–968 ft) |
| Complement | 4 officers, 40–56 enlisted |
| Armament |  |
| Service record | |
| Part of: |  |
| Identification codes: | M 51 550 |
| Commanders: | * *Kptlt.* Max Bernd Dieterich * 27 August 1942 – 22 February 1943 * *Kptlt.* Günther Zedelius * 23 February 1943 – 20 July 1944 * *Oblt.z.S.* Fritz Fabricius * 21 July – 30 September 1944 * *Kptlt.* Wolfgang Riekeberg * 1 October 1944 – 26 April 1945 * *Oblt.z.S.* Walter Ehrhardt * January 1945 * *Oblt.z.S.* Klaus Weber * 27 April – 9 May 1945 |
| Operations: | * 3 patrols: * 1st patrol: * 25 November 1944 – 13 January 1945 * 2nd patrol: * 5 – 13 April 1945 * 3rd patrol: * 23 – 28 April 1945 |
| Victories: | 1 warship sunk <br>(39 tons) |


title: Pouteria tenuisepala

abstract: Pouteria tenuisepala is a species of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is found in Brazil and French Guiana.

text:
# Pouteria tenuisepala

***Pouteria tenuisepala*** is a species of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is found in Brazil and French Guiana.

## InfoBox

| *Pouteria tenuisepala* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Sapotaceae |
| Genus: | *Pouteria* |
| Species: | ***P. tenuisepala*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pouteria tenuisepala***
Pires & T.D.Penn. | |
|


title: Zamonth

abstract: Zamonth or Samont was an ancient Egyptian vizier who is thought to have been in office during the reign of Amenemhat III, at the end of the Twelfth Dynasty.

text:
# Zamonth

**Zamonth** or **Samont** (*son of Monthu*) was an ancient Egyptian vizier who is thought to have been in office during the reign of Amenemhat III, at the end of the Twelfth Dynasty.

## Biography

|  |
| --- |
| Zamonth
in hieroglyphs |
| Era: Middle Kingdom
(2055–1650 BC) |
|  |
|  |

Zamonth is known from a stela, showing him sitting in front of an offering table. The stela is now on display in the Egyptian Museum of Cairo. Here he bears the titles *member of the elite*, *mayor*. *overseer of the city* and *vizier*. The mother of Zamonth is a woman called Zatip. A *mouth of Nekhen* Zamonth with the same mother is known from several rock inscriptions in Lower Nubia. They date to the years 6 and 9 of king Amenemhat III and report a small military campaign against Nubia. It seems likely that both sources refer to the same person, the Nubian inscriptions belong to the time before he was promoted to the position of a vizier.

An offering chapel of Senwosret (Vienna AS 198), a reporter of the vizier, may belong to a servant of Zamonth. A person with the same name and title is mentioned on the Stela in Cairo (CG 20102).

### Family

Zamonth was married to a lady named Henutpu. Children include:

* Senebtifi. The stela of Zamonth shows his son standing opposite him. The inscriptions identify him as the *royal sealer* and *priest of Amun* Senebtifi.
* Ankhu, a vizier, may have been a son of Zamonth. The wife of Zamonth is called Henutpu, while the mother of Ankhu bore the name Henut, possibly a diminutif. In addition, it is known that Ankhu was the son of a vizier.

1. Wolfram Grajetzki: *Court Officials of the Egyptian Middle Kingdom*, London 2009 p. 36, pl. 3 ISBN 978-0-7156-3745-6
2. PERSONS AND NAMES OF THE MIDDLE KINGDOM
3. Detlef Franke, in: Jan Assmann, Sibylle Meyer (editors): *Egypt, temple of the whole world*, Brill, 2003, ISBN 90-04-13240-6 pp. 104-105

## InfoBox

| Zamonth | |
| --- | --- |
| Vizier | |
| Statue of Ankhu's father, an unnamed vizier; he may have been Zamonth indeed. | |
| Dynasty | 12th Dynasty |
| Pharaoh | Amenemhat III |
| Mother | Zatip |
| Wife | Henutpu |
| Children | Senebtifi, maybe Ankhu |


title: New Zealand at the 1988 Summer Olympics

text:
# New Zealand at the 1988 Summer Olympics

New Zealand competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. 83 competitors, 67 men and 16 women, took part in 58 events in 16 sports. In addition, New Zealand sent four women to compete in Taekwondo, which was one of the Olympic Games' demonstration sports. Sports administrator Bruce Ullrich was New Zealand's Chef de Mission, after previously having had that role for the 1982 and 1986 Commonwealth Games.

## Medal tables

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Gold | Bruce Kendall | Sailing | Men's Division II | 27 September |
| Gold | Ian Ferguson
Paul MacDonald | Canoeing | Men's K-2 500 m | 30 September |
| Gold | Mark Todd | Equestrian | Individual eventing | 2 October |
| Silver | Rex Sellers
Chris Timms | Sailing | Tornado | 27 September |
| Silver | Ian Ferguson
Paul MacDonald | Canoeing | Men's K-2 1000 m | 1 October |
| Bronze | Paul Kingsman | Swimming | Men's 200 m backstroke | 22 September |
| Bronze | Eric Verdonk | Rowing | Men's single sculls | 24 September |
| Bronze | George Keys
Ian Wright
Greg Johnston
Chris White
Andrew Bird (cox) | Rowing | Men's coxed four | 24 September |
| Bronze | Lynley Hannen
Nikki Payne | Rowing | Women's coxless pair | 24 September |
| Bronze | Anthony Mosse | Swimming | Men's 200 m butterfly | 24 September |
| Bronze | John Cutler | Sailing | Men's Finn | 27 September |
| Bronze | Paul MacDonald | Canoeing | Men's K-1 500 m | 30 September |
| Bronze | Andrew Bennie
Margaret Knighton
Tinks Pottinger
Mark Todd | Equestrian | Team eventing | 2 October |

| **Medals by sport** | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Sport** |  |  |  | **Total** |
| Canoeing | 1 | 1 | 1 | **3** |
| Sailing | 1 | 1 | 1 | **3** |
| Equestrian | 1 | 0 | 1 | **2** |
| Rowing | 0 | 0 | 3 | **3** |
| Swimming | 0 | 0 | 2 | **2** |
| **Total** | **3** | **2** | **8** | **13** |

| **Medals by gender** | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Gender** |  |  |  | **Total** |
| Male | 2 | 1 | 6 | **9** |
| Female | 0 | 0 | 1 | **1** |
| Mixed / open | 1 | 1 | 1 | **3** |
| **Total** | **3** | **2** | **8** | **13** |

## Competitors

The following table lists the number of New Zealand competitors participating at the Games according to gender and sport.

| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Archery | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Athletics | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| Canoeing | 7 | 0 | 7 |
| Cycling | 12 | 1 | 13 |
| Equestrian | 6 | 2 | 8 |
| Fencing | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Gymnastics | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Judo | 2 |  | 2 |
| Rowing | 10 | 2 | 12 |
| Sailing | 11 | 2 | 13 |
| Shooting | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| Swimming | 5 | 2 | 7 |
| Table tennis | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Tennis | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Weightlifting | 1 |  | 1 |
| Wrestling | 2 |  | 2 |
| Total | 67 | 16 | 83 |

## Archery

New Zealand's 1988 archery team included only one woman, veteran Ann Shurrock.

| Athlete | Event | Ranking round | | | | | | Round 1 | | | | | | Quarterfinal | | | | | | Semifinal | | | | | | Final | | | | | | Total | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | 30 m | 50 m | 60 m | 70 m | Total | Rank | 30 m | 50 m | 60 m | 70 m | Total | Rank | 30 m | 50 m | 60 m | 70 m | Total | Rank | 30 m | 50 m | 60 m | 70 m | Total | Rank | 30 m | 50 m | 60 m | 70 m | Total | Rank | | |
| Ann Shurrock | Women's individual | 324 | 293 | 302 | 298 | 1217 | 36 | Did not advance | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 36 |

## Athletics

### Track and road

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Quarterfinal | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Anne Audain | Women's 10,000 m | 32:10.73 | 12 **q** |  | | | | 32:10.47 | 11 |
| John Campbell | Men's marathon |  | | | | | | 2:14:08 | 12 |
| Christine McMiken | Women's 10,000 m | 32:20.39 | 10 |  | | | | did not advance | |
| Lorraine Moller | Women's marathon |  | | | | | | 2:37:52 | 33 |
| Christine Pfitzinger | Women's 3000 m | 9:01.30 | 9 |  | | | | did not advance | |

### Combined

| Athlete | Event | 100 m | Long jump | Shot put | High jump | 400 m | 110 m hurdles | Discus throw | Pole vault | Javelin throw | 1500 m | Overall points | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Simon Poelman | Men's decathlon | 11.09
841 pts | 7.08
833 pts | 14.51
760 pts | 2.03
831 pts | 49.89
820 pts | 14.78
876 pts | 43.20
730 pts | 4.90
880 pts | 57.18
696 pts | 4:28.54
754 pts | 8021 | 16 |

## Canoeing

| Athlete | Event | Heats | | Repechages | | Semifinals | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Grant Bramwell
Brent Clode
John McDonald
Stephen Richards | Men's K-4 1000 m | 3:10.27 | 5 **R** | 3:11.27 | 3 **Q** | 3:15.90 | 4 | did not advance | |
| **Ian Ferguson
Paul MacDonald** | Men's K-2 500 m | 1:32.32 | 1 **Q** |  | | 1:33.81 | 1 **Q** | 1:33.98 |  |
| | Men's K-2 1000 m | 3:20.44 | 1 **Q** |  | | 3:23.13 | 1 **Q** | 3:32.71 |  |
| **Paul MacDonald** | Men's K-1 500 m | 1:41.65 | 2 **Q** |  | | 1:43.33 | 1 **Q** | 1:46.46 |  |
| Alan Thompson | Men's K-1 1000 m | 3:48.10 | 4 **R** | 3:46.20 | 1 **Q** | 3:45.40 | 4 **q** | 3:56.91 | 6 |

## Cycling

Thirteen cyclists, twelve men and one woman, represented New Zealand in 1988.

### Road

| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Brian Fowler | Men's individual road race | 4:32:56 | 75 |
| Madonna Harris | Women's individual road race | DNF | |
| Graeme Miller | Men's individual road race | 4:32:46 | 8 |
| Wayne Morgan | Men's individual road race | DNF | |
| Brian Fowler
Greg Fraine
Paul Leitch
Gavin Stevens | Men's team time trial | 2:03:48.7 | 12 |

### Track

Men's 1 km time trial

| Athlete | Time | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Tony Graham | 1:05.744 | 7 |

Men's individual pursuit

| Athlete | Qualification | | Round 1 | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Final | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Time | Rank | Opposition
Time | Opposition
Time | Opposition
Time | Opposition
Time | |
| Gary Anderson | 4:41.83 | 8 | Risi (SUI)
**W** 4:41.25 | Sturgess (GBR)
**L** 4:42.82 | did not advance | | 7 |

Men's team pursuit

| Athlete | Qualification | | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Final | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Time | Rank | Opposition
Time | Opposition
Time | Opposition
Time | |
| Craig Connell
Nigel Donnelly
Andrew Whitford
Stuart Williams | 4:26.13 | 14 | did not advance | | | 14 |

## Equestrian

### Eventing

| Rider | Horse | Event | Dressage | | Cross-country | | Jumping | | Overall | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Points | Rank | Points | Rank | Points | Rank | Points | Rank |
| Andrew Bennie | Grayshott | Individual | 52.20 | 8 | 85.60 | 21 | 5.00 | 23 | 162.80 | 20 |
| Margaret Knighton | Enterprise | Individual | 74.60 | 36 | 90.00 | 24 | DNS | | DNF | |
| Tinks Pottinger | Volunteer | Individual | 65.80 | 23 | 0.00 | =1 | 0.00 | =1 | 65.80 | 5 |
| **Mark Todd** | Charisma | Individual | 37.60 | 1 | 0.00 | =1 | 5.00 | =11 | 42.60 |  |
| **Andrew Bennie
Margaret Knighton
Tinks Pottinger
Mark Todd** | *As above* | Team | 155.60 | 3 | 85.60 | 2 | 30.00 | 6 | 271.20 |  |

### Jumping

#### Individual

| Athlete | Horse | Qualifying | | | | Final | | | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Round 1 | Round 2 | Total points | Rank | Round 1 | Round 2 | Total faults | |
| Maurice Beatson | Jeferson Junior | 43.50 | 16.00 | 59.50 | 48 | did not advance | | | |
| John Cottle | Ups & Downs | 13.50 | DNF | | | did not advance | | | |
| Mark Todd | Bago | 55.00 | 33.00 | 88.00 | 30 **Q** | 12.00 | did not advance | | |
| Harvey Wilson | Crosby | 22.50 | 19.50 | 42.00 | 55 | did not advance | | | |

#### Team

| Athlete | Horse | Round 1 | | Round 2 | | Total | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Faults | Rank | Faults | Rank | | |
| Maurice Beatson
Colin McIntosh
Mark Todd
Harvey Wilson | Jeferson Junior
Gigolo
Bago
Crosby | 52.25 | 12 | 44.75 | 10 | 97.00 | 12 |

## Fencing

One male fencer represented New Zealand in 1988.

| Athlete | Event | Round 1 pool | Quarterfinal pool | Semifinal pool | Final pool | Quarterfinal | Semifinal | Final | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | |
| Martin Brill | Men's individual épée | Winter (FIN)
**L** 4 – 5 | Pusch (FRG)
**L** 2 – 5 | Mazzoni (ITA)
**W** 5 – 3 | Pantano (ITA)
**W** 10 – 8 | Shuvalov (URS)
**L** 3 – 10 | did not advance | | 7 |
| | | Tyshko (URS)
**L** 0 – 5 | Ma (CHN)
**W** 5 – 2 | Dessureault (CAN)
**W** 5 – 3 | Shuvalov (URS)
**L** 9 – 10 | | ||
| | | Birnbaum (AUT)
**W** 5 – 1 | Strohmeyer (AUT)
**W** 5 – 4 | Ma (CHN)
**W** 5 – 2 | Gerull (FRG)
**W** 10 – 7 | | ||
| | | Thomas (ARU)
**W** 5 – 0 | Turiace (ARG)
**W** 5 – 4 | Gaille (SUI)
**L** 4 – 5 | Gaille (SUI)
**W** 10 – 5 | | ||
| | | Tang (HKG)
**W** 5 – 2 |  | Fonseca (BRA)
**L** 4 – 5 | Strohmeyer (AUT)
**W** 10 – 7 | | ||

## Gymnastics

### Rhythmic

Women's individual all-around

| Athlete | Qualifying | | | | | | Final | | | | | Total | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Hoop | Rope | Clubs | Ribbon | Total | Rank | Hoop | Ball | Clubs | Ribbon | Total | | |
| Angela Walker | 9.200 | 9.300 | 9.100 | 9.350 | 36.950 | =32 | did not advance | | | | | | |

## Judo

| Athlete | Event | Elimination pool | | | Repechage pool | | Final | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | |
| Brent Cooper | Men's half-lightweight | Sène (SEN)
**W** | El-Mamoun (MAR)
**W** | Pawłowski (POL)
**L** | Laats (BEL)
**W** | Yamamoto (JPN)
**L** | Did not advance | =5 |
| Bill Vincent | Men's middleweight | Jani (CAN)
**W** | White (GBR)
**L** | Did not advance | | | | =13 |

## Rowing

Men

| Athlete | Event | Heats | | Repechage | | Semifinals | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| **Eric Verdonk** | Single sculls | 7:18.69 | 1 **SA/B** | Bye | | 7:11.98 | 3 **FA** | 6:58.66 |  |
| Greg Johnston
Chris White
Andrew Bird (cox) | Coxed pair | 7:22.32 | 3 **SA/B** | DNS | | | | | |
| Campbell Clayton-Greene
Geoff Cotter
Bill Coventry
Neil Gibson | Coxless four | 6:06.75 | 2 **SA/B** | Bye | | 6:06.60 | 4 **FB** | 6:04.74 | 7 |
| **George Keys
Ian Wright
Greg Johnston
Chris White
Andrew Bird (cox)** | Coxed four | 6:03.35 | 3 **SA/B** | Bye | | 6:10.41 | 3 **FA** | 6:15.78 |  |

Women

| Athlete | Event | Heats | | Repechage | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| **Nikki Payne
Lynley Hannen** | Coxless pair | 8:02.39 | 2 **R** | 7:59.93 | 1 **FA** | 7:35.68 |  |

## Sailing

New Zealand had thirteen competitors in Seoul; eleven men and two women.

| Athlete | Event | Race | | | | | | | Net points | Final rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | | |
| **John Cutler** | Men's Finn | 15.0 | ~~16.0~~ | 8.0 | 8.0 | 14.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 45.0 |  |
| Simon Daubney
Tom Dodson (helm)
Aran Hansen | Soling | 8.0 | 15.0 | 13.0 | ~~22.0~~ | 5.7 | 21.0 | 11.7 | 74.4 | 7 |
| Peter Evans (helm)
Simon Mander | Men's 470 | 5.7 | 14.0 | 17.0 | ~~24.0~~ | 3.0 | 13.0 | 10.0 | 62.7 | 6 |
| Fiona Galloway (helm)
Jan Shearer | Women's 470 | ~~22.0~~ | 10.0 | 17.0 | 19.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 11.7 | 83.7 | 9 |
| Murray Jones (helm)
Greg Knowles | Flying Dutchman | 3.0 | 0.0 | 15.0 | 8.0 | 18.0 | ~~20.0~~ | 16.0 | 60.0 | 5 |
| **Bruce Kendall** | Men's Division II | 5.7 | 5.7 | 0.0 | 10.0 | 14.0 | 0.0 | ~~15.0~~ | 35.4 |  |
| **Rex Sellers
Chris Timms** (helm) | Tornado | ~~16.0~~ | 5.7 | 0.0 | 8.0 | 11.7 | 0.0 | 10.0 | 35.4 |  |

## Shooting

Men's 50 m rifle, prone

| Athlete | Qualification rounds | | | | | | | | Final rounds | | | | | | | Total | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Round 1 | Round 2 | Round 3 | Round 4 | Round 5 | Round 6 | Total | Rank | Round 1 | Round 2 | Round 3 | Round 4 | Round 5 | Round 6 | Total | | |
| Stephen Petterson | 100 | 100 | 99 | 97 | 100 | 100 | 596 | 10 | did not advance | | | | | | | | 10 |

Men's 50 m pistol

| Athlete | Qualification rounds | | | | | | | | Final | Total | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Round 1 | Round 2 | Round 3 | Round 4 | Round 5 | Round 6 | Total | Rank | | | |
| Greg Yelavich | 91 | 91 | 85 | 91 | 88 | 89 | 535 | 41 | did not advance | | 41 |

Mixed skeet

| Athlete | Qualification | | Semifinal | | | | Final | Total | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Score | Rank | Round 1 | Round 2 | Total | Rank | | | |
| John Farrell | 137 | 51 | did not advance | | | | | | 51 |
| John Woolley | 143 | =33 | did not advance | | | | | | =33 |

## Swimming

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Ross Anderson | Men's 100 m freestyle | 52.33 | 36 | did not advance | |
| | Men's 100 m butterfly | 56.31 | 25 | did not advance | |
| | Men's 200 m butterfly | 2:02.40 | 20 | did not advance | |
| Anthony Beks | Men's 100 m breaststroke | 1:05.65 | 39 | did not advance | |
| | Men's 200 m breaststroke | 2:27.26 | 42 | did not advance | |
| Sylvia Hume | Women's 100 m backstroke | 1:05.81 | 25 | did not advance | |
| | Women's 200 m backstroke | 2:21.55 | 21 | did not advance | |
| **Paul Kingsman** | Men's 100 m backstroke | 57.80 | 19 | did not advance | |
| | Men's 200 m backstroke | 2:02.20 | 7 **Q** | 2:00.48 **NR** |  |
| Richard Lockhart | Men's 100 m breaststroke | 1:06.27 | 46 | did not advance | |
| | Men's 200 m breaststroke | 2:24.52 | 36 | did not advance | |
| **Anthony Mosse** | Men's 100 m butterfly | 54.63 | 10 **QB** | 54.63 | 10 |
| | Men's 200 m butterfly | 1:58.71 | 2 **Q** | 1:58.28 **NR** |  |
| Sharon Musson | Women's 100 m backstroke | 1:04.58 | 14 **QB** | 1:04.17 | 15 |
| | Women's 200 m backstroke | 2:17.47 | 13 **QB** | 2:16.06 | 10 |
| Paul Kingsman
Anthony Beks
Anthony Mosse
Ross Anderson | Men's 4 × 100 m medley relay | 3:48.93 | 11 | did not advance | |

## Table tennis

| Athlete | Event | Pool stage | | | | | | | | | | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Final | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | W | L | Rank | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | |
| Barry Griffiths | Men's singles | Xu (CHN)
**L** 0 – 3 | Böhm (FRG)
**L** 1 – 3 | Birocheau (FRA)
**W** 3 – 2 | Chih (TPE)
**L** 0 – 3 | Maringgi (INA)
**L** 2 – 3 | Hosnani (MRI)
**W** 3 – 1 | Waldner (SWE)
**L** 0 – 3 | 2 | 5 | 7 | did not advance | | | | |
| Barry Griffiths
Peter Jackson | Men's doubles | Waldner /
Appelgren (SWE)
**L** 0 – 2 | Ding /
Baer (AUT)
**W** 2 – 0 | Kim /
Kim (KOR)
**L** 0 – 2 | Böhm /
Rebel (FRG)
**L** 0 – 2 | Douglas /
Andrew (GBR)
**L** 0 – 2 | Álvarez /
Fermin (DOM)
**L** 0 – 2 | Chih /
Chih (TPE)
**L** 0 – 2 | 1 | 6 | 8 |  | did not advance | | | |

## Tennis

| Athlete | Event | Round of 64 | Round of 32 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Final | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | |
| Belinda Cordwell | Women's singles | Gomer (GBR)
**L** 6–4 5–7 2–6 | did not advance | | | | | =33 |
| Kelly Evernden | Men's singles | Ivanišević (YUG)
**W** 7–6 6–3 6–3 | Mansdorf (ISR)
**L** 4–6 6–3 1–6 5–7 | did not advance | | | | =17 |
| Bruce Derlin
Kelly Evernden | Men's doubles |  | Frana / Jaite (ARG)
**W** 6–4 4–1 ret. | Cahill / Fitzgerald (AUS)
**L** 7–6 4–6 2–6 6–3 1–6 | did not advance | | | =9 |

## Weightlifting

| Athlete | Event | Snatch | | Clean & jerk | | Total | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | | |
| Kevin Blake | Men's heavyweight I | NVL | |  | | | DNF |

## Wrestling

| Athlete | Event | Round 1 | Round 2 | Round 3 | Round 4 | Round 5 | Round 6 | Final round | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | |
| Brent Hollamby | Men's bantamweight | Meña (PAN)
**W** 12–4 | Chen (CHN)
**L** 4–14 | Bye | Khaltmaa (MGL)
**L** 4–19 | Eliminated | | | | |
| Steve Reinsfield | Men's featherweight | Polky (GDR)
**L** P1 | Sarkisyan (URS)
**L** 0–13 | Eliminated | | | | | | |

## Demonstration sports

### Taekwondo

| Athlete | Event | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Final | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | |
| Kirsten Demanser | Women's finweight | Chin (TPE)
**L** SUP | did not advance | | =5 |
| Rosemary Wilson | Women's featherweight | Dolls (ESP)
**L** PTS | did not advance | | =5 |
| Bronwyn Wilson | Women's middlerweight | Kim (KOR)
**L** SUP | did not advance | | =5 |
| Susan Graham | Women's heavyweight | Franssen (CAN)
**L** PTS | did not advance | | =5 |

1. Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "New Zealand at the 1988 Seoul Summer Games". *Olympics at Sports-Reference.com*. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
2. "Bruce Ullrich". University of Canterbury. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
3. New Zealand at the 1988 Summer Olympics
4. Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "New Zealand Sailing at the 1992 Barcelona Summer Games". *Olympics at Sports-Reference.com*. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2017.

## InfoBox

| New Zealand at the
1988 Summer Olympics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| IOC code | NZL |
| NOC | New Zealand Olympic and Commonwealth Games Association |
| Website | www.olympic.org.nz |
| in Seoul | |
| Competitors | 83 (67 men, 16 women) in 16 sports |
| Flag bearer | Ian Ferguson |
| Officials | 61 |
| Medals
Ranked 18th | Gold 3 Silver 2 Bronze 8 Total 13 |
| Summer Olympics appearances (overview) | |
|  | |
| Other related appearances | |
| Australasia (1908–1912) | |


title: Packing

abstract: Packing may refer to:

text:
# Packing

**Packing** may refer to:

## Law and politics

## Other uses

* Packing (firestopping), the process of installing backer materials, such as mineral wool in service penetrations
* Packing (phallus), the practice of wearing a phallic object inside the clothing to give the appearance of male genitals
* Packing, in autism therapy, wrapping children in cold wet sheets
* Packing, also known as an O-ring or other type of mechanical seal, a term for a sealing material
* Packing problems, a family of optimization problems in mathematics


title: Serge Oulon

abstract: Atiana Serge Oulon is a Burkinabé journalist and director of L'Événement, a bimonthly investigative newspaper. In June 2024, he was among three journalists abducted by gunmen in separate incidents in Burkina Faso.

text:
# Serge Oulon

**Atiana Serge Oulon** is a Burkinabé journalist and director of *L'Événement*, a bimonthly investigative newspaper. In June 2024, he was among three journalists abducted by gunmen in separate incidents in Burkina Faso.

## Career

Oulon was born and raised in Ouagadougou. After working as a journalist for *Courrier confidentiel* and Radio Liberté, in 2019 he joined *L'Événement* as its director.

In December 2022, Oulon published an article reporting that Prospère Boena, an army captain in the Centre Nord Region, had allegedly embezzled 400 million F.CFAs from the budget of the Volunteers for the Defence of the Homeland, an auxiliary force that supported the Burkina Faso Armed Forces. Boena was an associate of the interim President of Burkina Faso, Ibrahim Traoré, who in February 2023 stated that Oulon had either lacked "the right information" or otherwise was acting in "bad faith", and accused him of fostering a "climate of mistrust" between soldiers and volunteers.

In June 2024, Oulon published an additional article about the case, in which he noted that a key witness in the embezzlement case against Boena had died. As a result of the article, Burkina Faso's media regulator, the Superior Council for Communication, suspended *L'Événement* for a month starting from 20 June.

## Abduction

At 05:00 UTC on 24 June 2024, Oulon was abducted from his home in Karpala, Ouagadougou, by at least nine gunmen dressed in civilian clothing. Oulon's brother, Ouezin Louis Oulon, stated in a subsequent interview that the gunmen returned to the home around five hours later to demand Oulon's phone and laptop from his wife; he stated that they had identified themselves as working for the National Intelligence Agency.

Following Oulon's abduction, his family have been unable to find him at various police stations and gendarmerie brigades, and they have reported that the authorities have not shared his location with them. In the months prior to his disappearance, Oulon had, alongside the anonymous Facebook account Henry Segbo, began documenting enforced disappearances believed to have been carried out by the National Intelligence Agency or the Presidential Security Squads.

### Response

Oulon's abduction occurred in the same month as two prominent television commentators and well-known critics of the military junta, Adama Bayala and Kalifara Séré; Séré worked for the television channel BF1 which, like *L'Événement*, had been temporarily suspended by the Superior Council for Communication in June 2024. Like Oulon, both men were taken from locations in Ouagadougou. Local media suggested that the men may have been forcibly conscripted into the Burkinabé armed forces, and also reported that the kidnaps were being praised on pro-Traoré social media accounts.

The Professional Media Organisations, an alliance of Burkinabé independent media outlets, denounced the disappearances of Oulon, Bayala, and Séré, citing it as "proof that the press in Burkina Faso is the subject of harassment and intimidation". The Media Foundation of West Africa expressed its "deep outrage" at news of Oulon's abduction.

Internationally, Reporters Without Borders concluded it was highly likely that the Burkinabé government was involved in Oulon's disappearance, and called on them to immediately release him, citing his "professionalism and integrity". The Committee to Project Journalists similarly called on Burkinabé officials to do what they could to ensure the safe returns of Oulon, Bayala, and Séré.


title: George McLean (journalist)

abstract: George Angus McLean was a Canadian television journalist, best known for his work as a TV anchor for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC).

text:
# George McLean (journalist)

**George Angus McLean** (May 16, 1923 – March 16, 2016) was a Canadian television journalist, best known for his work as a TV anchor for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC).

## Personal

Born in Brandon, Manitoba, his family moved to Manchester, England in 1929. McLean was educated in the United Kingdom and joined the Royal Air Force during World War II. He transferred to the Royal Canadian Air Force in 1944 and returned to Canada following the end of the war.

McLean married his first wife, Majorie, in 1947; she died in 1982. His second marriage to Barbara Quick in 1987 lasted until his death.

## Broadcasting career

### Radio

In 1946 he joined CJRL radio in Kenora, Ontario and in 1952 became news editor at CKRC in Winnipeg, Manitoba. In 1953 he became chief announcer at CKOK in Penticton, British Columbia.

### Television

In 1956 he joined the CBC in Vancouver as a staff announcer for CBC Television. In 1965 McLean was transferred to Toronto and became a regular backup for hosting national newscasts including *The National*, a role which he performed until 1986 when he retired from the CBC. McLean was also the regular host of *Saturday Report*, the Saturday evening national newscast. He was the announcer on the long-running series Front Page Challenge.

## Post retirement and death

He continued to do occasional voice-over work after his retirement and golf in his spare time, moved to Lagoon City in Ramara, Ontario and died in a Toronto hospital in March 2016.

## InfoBox

| George McLean | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | George Angus McLean
(1923-05-16)May 16, 1923
Brandon, Manitoba, Canada |
| Died | March 13, 2016(2016-03-13) (aged 92)
Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
| Occupation(s) | Journalist, news presenter |
| Employer | Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |
| Television |  |


title: Microschismus premnias

abstract: Microschismus premnias is a species of moth of the family Alucitidae. It is known from South Africa.

text:
# Microschismus premnias

***Microschismus premnias*** is a species of moth of the family Alucitidae. It is known from South Africa.

## InfoBox

| *Microschismus premnias* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Alucitidae |
| Genus: | *Microschismus* |
| Species: | ***M. premnias*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Microschismus premnias***<br>Meyrick, 1913 | |
|


title: Professional Box Lacrosse Association

abstract: The Professional Box Lacrosse Association (PBLA) was a men's professional box lacrosse league in the United States. The league was announced on June 29, 2022, with the first seven team locations announced on July 19. The league intended to focus on growing the sport in the United States, drawing players, coaches, and other personnel primarily from there. Full league operations were suspended just weeks into their first season.

text:
# Professional Box Lacrosse Association

The **Professional Box Lacrosse Association** (**PBLA**) was a men's professional box lacrosse league in the United States. The league was announced on June 29, 2022, with the first seven (of nine) team locations announced on July 19. The league intended to focus on growing the sport in the United States, drawing players, coaches, and other personnel primarily from there.

Full league operations were suspended just weeks into their first season.

## Teams

The league started out with a single-ownership structure, with all teams being league-operated. Nine teams were planned for the inaugural season. Names for each team were nominated and voted on by fans from the host cities.

| Team | City | Arena | Capacity | Founded |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Binghamton Bombers | Binghamton, New York | Visions Veterans Memorial Arena | 4,710 | 2022 |
| Charlotte Bootleggers | Charlotte, North Carolina | Bojangles Coliseum | 8,600 | 2022 |
| Elmira Renegades | Elmira, New York | First Arena | 3,784 | 2022 |
| Hampton Hammerheads | Hampton, Virginia | Hampton Coliseum | 10,147 | 2022 |
| Jim Thorpe All-Americans | Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania | PPL Center (Allentown) |  | 2022 |
| New England Chowderheads | Portland, Maine;
Lowell, Massachusetts | Cross Insurance Arena;
Tsongas Center | 6,206
6,003 | 2022 |
| Salem Mayhem | Salem, Virginia | Salem Civic Center | 6,820 | 2022 |
| Syracuse Spark | Syracuse, New York | Upstate Medical University Arena | 5,800 | 2022 |
| Trenton Terror | Trenton, New Jersey | CURE Insurance Arena | 7,605 | 2022 |

All teams whose names had been announced were decided by a name-the-team contest. The winners were announced on August, 14th, 2022. The Syracuse Spark were originally going to be called the "Sparkle Muffins" however due to the mouthful that this name would be it was shortened to Spark, the logo and mascot were still a spider.

## InfoBox

Professional Box Lacrosse Association
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Sport | Lacrosse |
| Founded | 2022 (2022) |
| CEO | Brad Bryant |
| COO | Brian Mankameyer |
| Commissioner | Steve Donner |
| No. of teams | 9 |
| Countries | United States |
| TV partner(s) | lacrosse tv (only game of the week) |
| Official website | https://pbla.com/ |


title: Prabha Varma

abstract: Prabha Varma is a poet, lyricist, journalist and television presenter known for his works in Malayalam cinema. He has published ten collections of poems, three novels in verse, six books on the contemporary socio-political milieu and literature, six collections of essays in criticism, a study on media, a travelogue and a novel in English.

text:
# Prabha Varma

**Prabha Varma** (born 30 May 1959) is a poet, lyricist, journalist and television presenter known for his works in Malayalam cinema. He has published ten collections of poems, three novels in verse, six books on the contemporary socio-political milieu and literature, six collections of essays in criticism, a study on media, a travelogue and a novel in English.

## Early years and personal life

Prabha Varma was born in 1959 at Kadapra, Thiruvalla as the youngest son of late T. K. Narayanan Namboothiri and late N. Pankajakshi Thampuratty. He had four siblings - two brothers and two sisters. Varma has a master's degree and a degree in law. He studied at the Devaswom Board College, Parumala, NSS Hindu College, Changanassery, and Kerala Law Academy Law College, Trivandrum. He was a student activist and was elected to the executive of the Kerala University Union during the academic year of 1979–80. Varma's family comprises Manorema (wife), Jyotsna (daughter), Col. K.V Mahendra (son-in-law) and Jahnavi (Grand Daughter).

## Career

### Literary career

Varma's first collection of poems was *Sourparnika*, published in 1990. It won him the Vyloppilli Award and also the Ankanam Award. His second anthology *Arkkapoornima* won the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Poetry. This was followed by poetical collections like *Chandananazhi, Aaardram, Kalaprayaga, Avicharitham, Manjinotu Veyil Enna Poleyum, Aparigraham* and *Ponnin Kolus*. He has also published collections of his poems.

His magnum opus *Shyama Madhavam* is a novel in verse (*kaavyakhyayika*) in 15 chapters. It revolves around Lord Krishna and the lives of those who came across him during his earthly sojourn, which the poet says is not a series of ecstasies as many believe, but agonies. It portrays the travails of a solitary soul and the rare courage with which Krishna deals with life. The work begins in a dramatically poignant and pensive mood and culminates in his *swargaarohana*, between which he lapses into a series of confessions and repentance. *Shyama Madhavam* offers a wide spectrum of Chhandas, Alankaaras and metric patterns such as Dandakas on the one hand and brings out the genuine concern of the lonely inner voice of the legendary hero against the backdrop of changing times. Varma received the Vayalar Award (2013), Malayattoor Award (2013) and the Central Sahitya Akademi Award for this work. *Shyama Madhavam* was adjudged as the best book of the decade by the Kerala State Library Council in the year 2020. *Shyama Madhavam* has been published in English with the title *Lament of the Dusky Lord*.

Varma's another work is *Kanal Chilambu* which is a novella in verse. The story, told in seven chapters of around five thousand words, is about love, lust, intrigue, power, revenge and incest. In short, all the elements that go into the making of tragedies are at full play here. Most importantly this poignant story of love and revenge answers an age-old riddle that posits the question: "why did the milkmaid laugh when her earthen pot of milk fell to doom?" This is the second narrative poem written by Prabha Varma after *Shyama Madhavam*. The professional drama based on *Kanal Chilambu* was staged on more than 500 stages all over Kerala. *Shyama Madhavam* was also repeatedly staged as a musical drama. The English version of *Kanal Chilambu* has been published with the title "Anklet of Fire".

The third novel in verse is *Roudra Sathwikam* which deals with the perennial conflict that exists between art and power. It is placed against the backdrop of the erstwhile Soviet Union and in it, the poet addresses the binary opposites such as violence/non-violence, poetry/power, environment/development, etc.

Other works he has penned include a travelogue titled *Diary of Malaysia, Paarayanathinte Reethibhedangal* (essays in criticism), *Kevalathwavum Bhavukathwavum* (Poetics), *Rathiyude Kaavyapadangal Thanthree Laya Samanvitham* (Analytical Study of Poems), *Innilekku Oru Jaalekam* (Political Essays), *Drishyamadhyamangalum Samskaravum* (Media Study), *Sandehiyude Ekanthayaathra* and *Dala Marmaram* (Reminiscences).

Jnanpith Award O. N. V. Kurup complimented Varma saying, "He has inherited the subtle poetic richness of the eminent poet Vyloppilly Sreedhara Menon, who himself picked up the quality from Kumaranasan'. Literary critic M. Krishnan Nair wrote that "Prabha Varma is a born poet". Varma's poems are composed of a confluence of tradition and modernity. They have soft romantic emotions, a plethora of poetic images, original and innovative narrative skill, philosophical insights, and a deep understanding of the meaning of life.

Varma is a recipient of numerous awards. They include the Vayalar Award, Asan Prize, Ulloor Award, Vallathol Award, Vyloppilli Award (1990), Kunchupillai Award (1993), Krishnageethi Puraskar (1994), Mooloor Award (1995), Changampuzha Award (1997), Mahakavi P Puraskaram (1997), Kadavanad Award (1999), Abu Dhabi Sakthi Award (1987), Vennikulam Award (2003), A.P. Kalakkad Award (2006), Kannassa Puraskaram (2011), Kadathanad Udayavarma Puraskaram (2006), Mullanezhi Award (2012), Premji Puraskaram (2012), Malayattoor Award (2013) Mahakavi Pandalam Keralavarma Kavitha Puraskaram (2016), Padmaprabha Award (2016), Kesavadev Award (2018), Edasseri Award (2020), JKV Award, Mar Gregorious Award, and Bahrain Keraleeya Samajam Award.

### Lyricist

Varma is a lyricist in Malayalam cinema and bagged 'the National Film Award for Best Lyrics in 2019. He also won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Lyricist three times (2006, 2013, 2012). *Nadan, Sheelabathi, Saayahnam, Sthithi, Kalaapam, Gramapanchayath, Nagravadhu, Ee Puzhayum Kadannu, Varsha, Hareendran Oru Nishkalankan, Odiyan, Thakkol, Thelivu, Clint, Kolambi, Kunhalimarikkar* etc. are some of the films for which he has written lyrics. He won the Kerala Film Critics Association Awards for Best Lyricict for the songs of *Nagaravadhu* in 2000 and *Nadan* in 2013. He won the State Government Awards for Best Lyrics for Professional Dramas in the years 2009 and 2017. His film songs "Oru Chembaneer Pooviruthu" (*Sthithi*, 2003), "Poonthen Nermozhi" were hits. When Varma bagged the 67th National Film Award for the best lyrics in 2019 for his song "Aarodum Parayuka Vayya" it was widely noted as he was bringing the national award for lyrics to Malayalam after a gap of two decades.

Varma has written many *padams* for Mohiniyattam, which is a classical dance form of Kerala. Pranab Mukherjee, the former President of India, honoured him at the Rashtrapathi Bhavan with a citation and shawl for his lyrical contribution to performing arts in the year 2016. He has composed more than a dozen classical *kritis* which are set to *ragas* and sung profusely in Carnatic music concerts.

### Journalist

Varma has been a media personality for the last 40 years. All these years, he has been contributing articles to various journals, both in Malayalam and English. He won the State Government Award for the best general reporting in 1996. In 1988–90, the Trivandrum Press Club conferred on him the K. C. Sabastian Award. He also received the K. Madhavan Kutty Award for the best feature in English and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Award. He also won the Media Trust award and K C. Daniel Award.

Varma presented a paper on 'Emerging Democracies', at the Doha International Meet, held under the auspices of the United Nations. He attended the world youth festival held in Pyongyang, North Korea in the 80s and addressed the North American journalist's conference held in New York in 2009. He has covered both the houses of the Indian Parliament, the Non-aligned Summit, Commonwealth Meet, etc. for more than a decade.

Varma was the Director (News) of People TV, Kairali TV from 2001– 2010, and has won the State Government award, Drishya TV Award etc. The weekly programme 'India Inside,' presented by him was an in-depth analysis of the socio-political labyrinth of the present-day world. He has also published a book on the social influence of electronic media, titled *Drishyamadhyamangalum Samskaravum*.

### Positions held

Varma worked as the Press Secretary to the Chief Minister of Kerala for a period of five years from 1996 to 2001 and as the Resident Editor of *Deshabhimani*, the third largest circulated daily in Kerala. Other public offices he has held are as a member of the General Council of the Kendra Sahitya Academy Delhi between 2007 and 2012, and as the Vice-President of the Kerala Sahitya Academy between 2008 and 2010.

Presently he is the Media Advisor to the Chief Minister of Kerala, Executive member of the Sahithya Academy, Delhi (National Academy of Letters) convener of the South Indian board of Kendra Sahithya Academy, member of Kerala Sahithya Academy and the convener of Malayalam advisory council of Kendra Sahithya Academy. He is a member of the final jury of Jnanpith Award.

## Works

### Poetry

* *Souparnika*
* *Arkkapoornima*
* *Chandana Nazhi*
* *Aardram*
* *Kalaprayaga*
* *Avicharitham*
* *Manjinodu Veyil Ennapoleyum*
* *Shyama Madhavam* (Novel in verse)
* *Aparigraham*
* *Kanal Chilambu* (Novel in verse)
* *Roudra Satwikam* (Novel in verse)
* *Ponninkoluss*

### Others

* *Rethiyude Kaavyapadam* (Study)
* *Kevalathwavum Bhavukathwavum* (Study)
* *Drishya Maadhyamangalum Samskaaravum* (Study)
* *Enthukondu Fascism?* (Study)
* *Innilekku Oru Jaalakam* (Essays)
* *Sandehiyude Ekantha Yaathra* (Reminiscences)
* *Parayanathinte Reethibhedangal* (Essays)
* *Malaysian Diary Kurippukal* (Travelogue)
* *Thanthree Laya Samanvitham*
* *After the Aftermath* (English novel)

## Awards

Poetry Journalism * Kerala State Journalism Award for Best General Reporting
* K. Madhavankutty Award for the Best English Feature
* Media Trust Award For Journalism
* K. C. Sebastian Puraskaram
* Special Mention in State TV Awards

Film

## InfoBox

| Prabha Varma | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1959-05-30) 30 May 1959 |
| Occupation | Poet, lyricist, journalist, television presenter, Media Advisor to the Chief Minister of Kerala |
| Language | Malayalam, English |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Education | MA, LL.B. |
| Alma mater | Devaswom Board College, Parumala
NSS Hindu College, Changanassery
Kerala Law Academy Law College, Trivandrum |
| Notable awards | Sahitya Akademi Award, Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award, Vayalar Award, Asan Prize, Ulloor Award, Vallathol Award |
| Spouse | Manorema |


title: Vinařice (Louny District)

abstract: Vinařice is a municipality and village in Louny District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants. Vinařice lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) south of Louny, 47 km (29 mi) south of Ústí nad Labem, and 47 km (29 mi) north-west of Prague.

text:
# Vinařice (Louny District)

**Vinařice** is a municipality and village in Louny District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.

Vinařice lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) south of Louny, 47 km (29 mi) south of Ústí nad Labem, and 47 km (29 mi) north-west of Prague.

## Administrative parts

The village of Divice is an administrative part of Vinařice.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 759 |  |
| 1880 | 832 | +9.6% |
| 1890 | 903 | +8.5% |
| 1900 | 910 | +0.8% |
| 1910 | 811 | −10.9% |
| 1921 | 804 | −0.9% |
| 1930 | 824 | +2.5% |
| 1950 | 571 | −30.7% |
| 1961 | 483 | −15.4% |
| 1970 | 436 | −9.7% |
| 1980 | 322 | −26.1% |
| 1991 | 231 | −28.3% |
| 2001 | 227 | −1.7% |
| 2011 | 231 | +1.8% |
| 2021 | 243 | +5.2% |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## InfoBox

| Vinařice | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| General view | |
|  | |
| VinařiceLocation in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 50°15′57″N 13°49′22″E / 50.26583°N 13.82278°E / 50.26583; 13.82278 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | Ústí nad Labem |
| District | Louny |
| First mentioned | 1238 |
| Area | |
| Total | 9.58 km2 (3.70 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 305 m (1,001 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01) | |
| Total | 244 |
| Density | 25/km2 (66/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 439 15 |
| Website | www.vinarice.cz |


title: Zamolxis (bug)

abstract: Zamolxis is a genus of assassin bugs, in the subfamily Harpactorinae.

text:
# Zamolxis (bug)

***Zamolxis*** is a genus of assassin bugs (family Reduviidae), in the subfamily Harpactorinae.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Zamolxis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Heteroptera |
| Family: | Reduviidae |
| Tribe: | Harpactorini |
| Genus: | *Zamolxis*<br>Stål, 1865 |
|
| Species | |
| See text | |


title: Poznanovec

abstract: Poznanovec is a village in the municipality Bedekovčina in Croatia. It is connected by the D24 highway and R201 railway.

text:
# Poznanovec

**Poznanovec** is a village in the municipality Bedekovčina in Croatia. It is connected by the D24 highway and R201 railway.

46°04′N 16°02′E / 46.067°N 16.033°E / 46.067; 16.033

## InfoBox

| Poznanovec | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Facade of the Poznanovec manor | |
| Country | Croatia |
| County | Krapina-Zagorje County |
| Area | |
| Total | 6.0 km2 (2.3 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 887 |
| Density | 150/km2 (380/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: New Zealand at the 1988 Winter Olympics

abstract: New Zealand competed at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

text:
# New Zealand at the 1988 Winter Olympics

**New Zealand** competed at the **1988 Winter Olympics** in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

## Competitors

The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.

| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Alpine skiing | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Bobsleigh | 5 |  | 5 |
| Cross-country skiing | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Total | 7 | 2 | 9 |

## Alpine skiing

Men

| Athlete | Event | Race 1 | Race 2 | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Time | Time | Rank |
| Simon Wi Rutene | Super-G |  | | DNF |  |
| Mattias Hubrich | |  | | 1:45.46 | 24 |
| Simon Wi Rutene | Giant Slalom | DNF |  | DNF |  |
| Mattias Hubrich | | 1:12.25 | DNF | DNF |  |
| Mattias Hubrich | Slalom | 58.16 | 54.08 | 1:52.24 | 22 |
| Simon Wi Rutene | | 55.80 | 51.58 | 1:47.38 | 17 |

**Men's combined**

| Athlete | Downhill | Slalom | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Time | Time 1 | Time 2 | Points | Rank |
| Simon Wi Rutene | DNF |  |  | DNF |  |

Women

| Athlete | Event | Race 1 | Race 2 | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Time | Time | Rank |
| Kate Rattray | Super-G |  | | 1:23.48 | 28 |
| Kate Rattray | Giant Slalom | 1:04.10 | DNF | DNF |  |
| Kate Rattray | Slalom | 56.79 | 56.15 | 1:52.94 | 21 |

## Bobsleigh

| Sled | Athletes | Event | Run 1 | | Run 2 | | Run 3 | | Run 4 | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| NZL-1 | Lex Peterson
Peter Henry | Two-man | 58.65 | 20 | 1:00.87 | 29 | 1:01.25 | 22 | 1:00.27 | 21 | 4:01.04 | 20 |
| NZL-2 | Owen Pinnell
Blair Telford | Two-man | 1:00.37 | 35 | 1:00.95 | 32 | 1:01.62 | 26 | 1:01.22 | 29 | 4:04.16 | 31 |

| Sled | Athletes | Event | Run 1 | | Run 2 | | Run 3 | | Run 4 | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| NZL-1 | Lex Peterson
Blair Telford
Rhys Dacre
Peter Henry | Four-man | 57.98 | 23 | 58.42 | 18 | 57.30 | 17 | 58.67 | 21 | 3:52.37 | 21 |

## Cross-country skiing

| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Madonna Harris | Women's 20 km freestyle | 1:03:09.6 | 40 |

## Officials

* Chef de Mission – Richard Wheatcroft
* Team doctor – Andrew Ness
* Press attache – Peter Hutchinson
* Liaison – Jamie Gilkison
* Alpine skiing
* Bobsled

## InfoBox

| New Zealand at the
1988 Winter Olympics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| IOC code | NZL |
| NOC | New Zealand Olympic Committee |
| Website | www.olympic.org.nz |
| in Calgary | |
| Competitors | 9 (7 men, 2 women) in 3 sports |
| Flag bearer | Simon Wi Rutene (alpine skiing) |
| Medals | Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 |
| Winter Olympics appearances (overview) | |
|  | |


title: Pablo Nieto

abstract: Pablo Nieto Aguilar is a Spanish former road racer of Grand Prix solo motorcycles, latterly involved in team management. He is the son of the legendary Spanish motorcycle racer Ángel Nieto, and cousin of Fonsi Nieto. He started to race professionally in 1998, and spent his career in the 125cc class. Following the race at Valencia in 2008 he announced his retirement from racing, to move to a managerial position of the Onde 2000 MotoGP team with Sete Gibernau in 2009 as the team's only rider. He was the team manager for the Laglisse Moto3 team from 2012-2014, in the 2013 Moto3 Grand Prix season, his rider Maverick Viñales won the championship. He is now the team manager for the VR46 Racing Team team established by Valentino Rossi.

text:
# Pablo Nieto

**Pablo Nieto Aguilar** (born 4 June 1980 in Madrid, Community of Madrid) is a Spanish former road racer of Grand Prix solo motorcycles, latterly involved in team management. He is the son of the legendary Spanish motorcycle racer Ángel Nieto, and cousin of Fonsi Nieto. He started to race professionally in 1998, and spent his career in the 125cc class. Following the race at Valencia in 2008 he announced his retirement from racing, to move to a managerial position of the Onde 2000 MotoGP team with Sete Gibernau in 2009 as the team's only rider. He was the team manager for the Laglisse Moto3 team from 2012-2014, in the 2013 Moto3 Grand Prix season, his rider Maverick Viñales won the championship. He is now the team manager for the VR46 Racing Team team established by Valentino Rossi.

## Grand Prix motorcycle racing career

| Season | Class | Moto | Team | Number | Races | Win | Podiums | Pole | FLap | Pts | Position |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1998 | 125cc | Aprilia | Via Digital Team | 79 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NC |
| 1999 | 125cc | Derbi | Festina-Derbi | 22 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 23rd |
| 2000 | 125cc | Derbi | Derbi Racing | 22 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 68 | 13th |
| 2001 | 125cc | Derbi | L & M Derbi Team | 22 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 24th |
| 2002 | 125cc | Aprilia | Master-Aspar Team | 22 | 16 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 145 | 6th |
| 2003 | 125cc | Aprilia | Master-MXOnda-Aspar Team | 22 | 16 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 148 | 7th |
| 2004 | 125cc | Aprilia | Master \- Repsol Team 125cc | 22 | 16 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 138 | 6th |
| 2005 | 125cc | Derbi | Caja Madria \- Derbi Racing | 22 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 64 | 13th |
| 2006 | 125cc | Aprilia | Multimedia Racing | 22 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66 | 13th |
| 2007 | 125cc | Aprilia | Blusens Aprilia | 22 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | 15th |
| 2008 | 125cc | KTM | Onde 2000 \- KTM | 22 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 21st |
| Total |  |  |  |  | **158** | **1** | **8** | **3** | **5** | **747** |  |

### Races by year

(key) (Races in **bold** indicate pole position, races in *italics* indicate fastest lap)

| Year | Class | Bike | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | Pos. | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1998 | 125cc | Aprilia | JPN | MAL | SPA | ITA | FRA | MAD | NED | GBR | GER | CZE | IMO | CAT
22 | AUS | ARG |  |  |  | NC | 0 |
| 1999 | 125cc | Derbi | MAL
22 | JPN
19 | SPA
Ret | FRA
18 | ITA
22 | CAT
Ret | NED
16 | GBR
12 | GER
Ret | CZE
22 | IMO
17 | VAL
Ret | AUS
17 | RSA
12 | BRA
Ret | ARG
9 |  | 23rd | 15 |
| 2000 | 125cc | Derbi | RSA
15 | MAL
11 | JPN
11 | SPA
Ret | FRA
Ret | ITA
11 | *CAT*
6 | NED
19 | GBR
15 | GER
7 | CZE
16 | POR
12 | VAL
4 | BRA
10 | PAC
9 | AUS
14 |  | 13th | 68 |
| 2001 | 125cc | Derbi | JPN
10 | RSA
15 | SPA
Ret | FRA
DNS | ITA
Ret | CAT
6 | NED
Ret | GBR
Ret | GER
Ret | CZE
18 | POR
Ret | VAL
14 | PAC
16 | AUS
20 | MAL
Ret | BRA
14 |  | 24th | 21 |
| 2002 | 125cc | Aprilia | JPN
Ret | **RSA**
5 | SPA
Ret | FRA
6 | ITA
3 | CAT
8 | NED
7 | GBR
Ret | GER
5 | CZE
Ret | POR
4 | BRA
5 | PAC
4 | MAL
5 | AUS
3 | VAL
3 |  | 6th | 145 |
| 2003 | 125cc | Aprilia | JPN
7 | RSA
5 | **SPA**
Ret | FRA
5 | ITA
3 | **CAT**
17 | NED
2 | GBR
6 | *GER*
5 | CZE
Ret | POR
1 | BRA
5 | PAC
8 | MAL
9 | AUS
Ret | VAL
7 |  | 7th | 148 |
| 2004 | 125cc | Aprilia | RSA
4 | SPA
9 | FRA
7 | *ITA*
6 | CAT
3 | NED
8 | BRA
7 | GER
3 | GBR
Ret | CZE
4 | POR
4 | JPN
Ret | QAT
6 | MAL
Ret | AUS
15 | *VAL*
4 |  | 6th | 138 |
| 2005 | 125cc | Derbi | *SPA*
12 | POR
12 | CHN
8 | FRA
7 | ITA
22 | CAT
Ret | NED
11 | GBR
5 | GER
10 | CZE
16 | JPN
8 | MAL
13 | QAT
Ret | AUS
18 | TUR
20 | VAL
10 |  | 13th | 64 |
| 2006 | 125cc | Aprilia | SPA
10 | QAT
5 | TUR
14 | CHN
Ret | FRA
5 | ITA
12 | CAT
7 | NED
9 | GBR
Ret | GER
Ret | CZE
9 | MAL
Ret | AUS | JPN | POR | VAL
7 |  | 13th | 66 |
| 2007 | 125cc | Aprilia | QAT
9 | SPA
6 | TUR
13 | CHN
16 | FRA
15 | ITA
Ret | CAT
20 | GBR
9 | NED
Ret | GER
9 | CZE
Ret | RSM
Ret | POR
Ret | JPN
7 | AUS
Ret | MAL
12 | VAL
7 | 15th | 57 |
| 2008 | 125cc | KTM | QAT
18 | SPA
5 | POR
Ret | CHN | FRA
Ret | ITA
Ret | CAT
Ret | GBR
20 | NED
20 | GER
14 | CZE
16 | RSM
Ret | INP
Ret | JPN
18 | AUS
13 | MAL
14 | VAL
9 | 21st | 25 |

## InfoBox

| Pablo Nieto | |
| --- | --- |
| Pablo Nieto in 2017 | |
| Nationality | Spanish |
| Born | (1980-06-04) 4 June 1980
Madrid, Spain |


title: In-system programming

abstract: In-system programming (ISP), or also called in-circuit serial programming (ICSP), is the ability of some programmable logic devices, microcontrollers, chipsets and other embedded devices to be programmed while installed in a complete system, rather than requiring the chip to be programmed prior to installing it into the system. It also allows firmware updates to be delivered to the on-chip memory of microcontrollers and related processors without requiring specialist programming circuitry on the circuit board, and simplifies design work.

text:
# In-system programming

**In-system programming** (ISP), or also called **in-circuit serial programming** (ICSP), is the ability of some programmable logic devices, microcontrollers, chipsets and other embedded devices to be programmed while installed in a complete system, rather than requiring the chip to be programmed prior to installing it into the system. It also allows firmware updates to be delivered to the on-chip memory of microcontrollers and related processors without requiring specialist programming circuitry on the circuit board, and simplifies design work.

## Overview

There is no standard for in-system programming protocols for programming microcontroller devices. Almost all manufacturers of microcontrollers support this feature, but all have implemented their own protocols, which often differ even for different devices from the same manufacturer. In general, modern protocols try to keep the number of pins used low, typically to 2 pins. Some ISP interfaces manage to achieve the same with just a single pin, others use up to 4 for implementing a JTAG interface.

The primary advantage of in-system programming is that it allows manufacturers of electronic devices to integrate programming and testing into a single production phase, and save money, rather than requiring a separate programming stage prior to assembling the system. This may allow manufacturers to program the chips in their own system's production line instead of buying pre-programmed chips from a manufacturer or distributor, making it feasible to apply code or design changes in the middle of a production run. The other advantage is that production can always use the latest firmware, and new features as well as bug fixes can be implemented and put into production without the delay occurring when using pre-programmed microcontrollers.

Microcontrollers are typically soldered directly to a printed circuit board and usually do not have the circuitry or space for a large external programming cable to another computer.

Typically, chips supporting ISP have internal circuitry to generate any necessary programming voltage from the system's normal supply voltage, and communicate with the programmer via a serial protocol. Most programmable logic devices use a variant of the JTAG protocol for ISP, in order to facilitate easier integration with automated testing procedures. Other devices usually use proprietary protocols or protocols defined by older standards. In systems complex enough to require moderately large glue logic, designers may implement a JTAG-controlled programming subsystem for non-JTAG devices such as flash memory and microcontrollers, allowing the entire programming and test procedure to be accomplished under the control of a single protocol.

## History

Starting from the early 1990s an important technological evolution in the architecture of the microcontrollers was witnessed. At first, they were realized in two possible solutions: with OTP (one-time programmable) or with EPROM memories. In EPROM, memory-erasing process requires the chip to be exposed to ultraviolet light through a specific window above the package. In 1993 Microchip Technology introduced the first microcontroller with EEPROM memory: the PIC16C84. EEPROM memories can be electrically erased. This feature allowed to lower the realization costs by removing the erasing window above the package and initiate in-system programming technology. With ISP flashing process can be performed directly on the board at the end of the production process. This evolution gave the possibility to unify the programming and functional test phase and in production environments and to start the preliminary production of the boards even if the firmware development has not yet been completed. This way it was possible to correct bugs or to make changes at a later time. In the same year, Atmel developed the first microcontroller with flash memory, easier and faster to program and with much longer life cycle compared to EEPROM memories.

Microcontrollers that support ISP are usually provided with pins used by the serial communication peripheral to interface with the programmer, a flash/EEPROM memory and the circuitry used to supply the voltage necessary to program the microcontroller. The communication peripheral is in turn connected to a programming peripheral which provides commands to operate on the flash or EEPROM memory.

When designing electronic boards for ISP programming it’s necessary to take into account some guidelines to have a programming phase as reliable as possible. Some microcontrollers with a low number of pins share the programming lines with the I/O lines. This could be a problem if the necessary precautions are not taken into account in the design of the board; the device can suffer the damage of the I/O components during the programming. Moreover, it’s important to connect the ISP lines to high impedance circuitry both to avoid a damage of the components by the programmer and because the microcontroller often cannot supply enough current to pilot the line. Many microcontrollers need a dedicated RESET line to enter in the Programming Mode. It is necessary to pay attention to current supplied for line driving and to check for presence of watchdogs connected to the RESET line that can generate an unwanted reset and, so, to lead a programming failure. Moreover, some microcontrollers need a higher voltage to enter in Programming Mode and, hence, it’s necessary to check that this value it’s not attenuated and that this voltage is not forwarded to others components on the board.

## Industrial application

In-System Programming process takes place during the final stage of production of the product and it can be performed in two different ways based on the production volumes.

In the first method, a connector is manually connected to the programmer. This solution expects the human participation to the programming process that has to connect the programmer to the electronic board with the cable. Hence, this solution is meant for low production volumes.

The second method uses test points on the board. These are specific areas placed on the printed board, or PCB, that are electrically connected to some of the electronic components on the board. Test points are used to perform functional tests for components mounted on board and, since they are connected directly to some microcontroller pins, they are very effective for ISP. For medium and high production volumes using test points is the best solution since it allows to integrate the programming phase in an assembly line.

In production lines, boards are placed on a bed of nails called fixture. The latter are integrated, based on the production volumes, in semiautomatic or automatic test systems called ATE (automatic test equipment). Fixtures are specifically designed for each board - or at most for few models similar to the board they were designed for – therefore these are interchangeable in the system environment where they are integrated. The test system, once the board and the fixture are placed in position, has a mechanism to put in contact the needles of the fixture with the Test Points on the board to test. The system it’s connected to, or has directly integrated inside, an ISP programmer. This one has to program the device or devices mounted on the board: for example, a microcontroller and/or a serial memory.

## Microchip ICSP

For most Microchip microcontrollers, ICSP programming is performed using two pins, clock (PGC) and data (PGD), while a high voltage (12 V) is present on the Vpp/MCLR pin. Low voltage programming (5 V or 3.3 V) dispenses with the high voltage, but reserves exclusive use of an I/O pin. However, for newer microcontrollers, specifically PIC18F6XJXX/8XJXX microcontrollers families from Microchip Technology, entering into ICSP modes is a bit different. Entering ICSP Program/Verify mode requires the following three steps:

1. Voltage is briefly applied to the MCLR (master clear) pin.
2. A 32-bit key sequence is presented on PGD.
3. Voltage is reapplied to MCLR.

A separate piece of hardware, called a programmer is required to connect to an I/O port of a PC on one side and to the PIC on the other side. A list of the features for each major programming type are:

1. **Parallel port** \- large bulky cable, most computers have only one port and it may be inconvenient to swap the programming cable with an attached printer. Most laptops newer than 2010 do not support this port. Parallel port programming is very fast.
2. **Serial port** (COM port) - At one time the most popular method. Serial ports usually lack adequate circuit programming supply voltage. Most computers and laptops newer than 2010 lack support for this port.
3. **Socket** (in or out of circuit) - the CPU must be either removed from circuit board, or a clamp must be attached to the chip-making access an issue.
4. **USB cable** \- Small and light weight, has support for voltage source and most computers have extra ports available. The distance between the circuit to be programmed and the computer is limited by the length of USB cable - it must usually be less than 180 cm. This can make programming devices deep in machinery or cabinets a problem.

ICSP programmers have many advantages, with size, computer port availability, and power source being major features. Due to variations in the interconnect scheme and the target circuit surrounding a micro-controller, there is no programmer that works with  ***all***  possible target circuits or interconnects. Microchip Technology provides a detailed ICSP programming guide Many sites provide programming and circuit examples.

PICs are programmed using five signals (a sixth pin 'aux' is provided but not used). The data is transferred using a two-wire synchronous serial scheme, three more wires provide programming and chip power. The clock signal is always controlled by the programmer.

### Signals and pinout

* **Vpp**  \- Programming mode voltage. This must be connected to the MCLR pin, or the Vpp pin of the optional ICSP port available on some large-pin-count PICs. To put the PIC into programming mode, this line must be in a specified range that varies from PIC to PIC. For 5 V PICs, this is always some amount above Vdd, and can be as high as 13.5 V. The 3.3 V only PICs like the 18FJ, 24H, and 33F series use a special signature to enter programming mode and Vpp is a digital signal that is either at ground or Vdd. There is no one Vpp voltage that is within the valid Vpp range of all PICs. In fact, the minimum required Vpp level for some PICs can damage other PICs.
* **Vdd**  \- This is the positive power input to the PIC. Some programmers require this to be provided by the circuit (circuit must be at least partially powered up), some programmers expect to drive this line themselves and require the circuit to be off, while others can be configured either way (like the Microchip ICD2). The Embed Inc programmers expect to drive the Vdd line themselves and require the target circuit to be off during programming.
* **Vss**  \- Negative power input to the PIC and the zero volts reference for the remaining signals. Voltages of the other signals are implicitly with respect to Vss.
* **ICSPCLK**  \- Clock line of the serial data interface. This line swings from GND to Vdd and is always driven by the programmer. Data is transferred on the falling edge.
* **ICSPDAT**  \- Serial data line. The serial interface is bi-directional, so this line can be driven by either the programmer or the PIC depending on the current operation. In either case this line swings from GND to Vdd. A bit is transferred on the falling edge of PGC.
* **AUX/PGM**  \- Newer PIC controllers use this pin to enable low voltage programming (LVP). By holding PGM high, the micro-controller will enter LVP mode. PIC micro-controllers are shipped with LVP enabled - so if you use a brand new chip you can use it in LVP mode. The only way to change the mode is by using a high voltage programmer. If you program the micro controller with no connection to this pin, the mode is left unchanged.

### RJ11 pinout

An industry standard for using RJ11 sockets with an ICSP programmer is supported by Microchip. The illustration represents information provided in their data sheets. However, there is room for confusion. The PIC data sheets show an inverted socket and do not provide a pictorial view of pinouts so it is unclear what side of the socket Pin 1 is located on. The illustration provided here is **untested** but uses the phone industry standard pinout (the RJ11 plug/socket was original developed for wired desktop phones).


title: Microsoft Network Monitor

abstract: Microsoft Network Monitor (Netmon) is a deprecated packet analyzer. It enables capturing, viewing, and analyzing network data and deciphering network protocols. It can be used to troubleshoot network problems and applications on the network. Microsoft Network Monitor 1.0 was originally designed and developed by Raymond Patch, a transport protocol and network adapter device driver engineer on the Microsoft LAN Manager development team. Network Monitor was replaced by Microsoft Message Analyzer.

text:
# Microsoft Network Monitor

**Microsoft Network Monitor** (**Netmon**) is a deprecated packet analyzer. It enables capturing, viewing, and analyzing network data and deciphering network protocols. It can be used to troubleshoot network problems and applications on the network. Microsoft Network Monitor 1.0 (codenamed *Bloodhound*) was originally designed and developed by Raymond Patch, a transport protocol and network adapter device driver engineer on the Microsoft LAN Manager development team.

Network Monitor was replaced by Microsoft Message Analyzer (MMA was discontinued in 2019).

## History

The LAN Manager development team had one shared hardware-based analyzer at the time. Netmon was conceived when the hardware analyzer was taken during a test to reproduce a networking bug, and the first Windows prototype was coded over the Christmas holiday. The first 4 bytes of the Netmon capture file format were used to validate the file. The values were 'RTSS' for Ray, Tom, Steve, and Steve - the first four members of the team. The code was originally written for OS/2 and had no user interface; a symbol was placed in the device driver where the packet buffers were kept so received data could be dumped in hex from within the kernel debugger.

Netmon caused a bit of a stir for Microsoft IT since networks and e-mail were not encrypted at the time. Only a few software engineers had access to hardware analyzers due to their cost, but with Netmon many engineers around the company had access to network traffic for free. At the request of Microsoft IT, two simple identification features were added - a non-cryptographic password and an identification protocol named the Bloodhound-Oriented Network Entity (BONE) (created and named by Raymond Patch as a play on the codename *Bloodhound*).

Network Monitor 3 is a complete overhaul of the earlier Network Monitor 2.x version. Originally, versions of Network Monitor were only available through other Microsoft products, such as Systems Management Server (SMS). But now the fully featured product with public parsers is available as a free download.

Microsoft Network Monitor was superseded by Microsoft Message Analyzer Microsoft Message Analyzer was retired in 2019

## Features

Some key features of Network Monitor 3.4 include the following:

* Process tracking
* Grouping by network conversation
* Support for over 300 public and Microsoft proprietary protocols
* Simultaneous capture sessions
* Wireless Monitor Mode with supported wireless NICs
* Real-time capture and display of frames
* Reassembly of fragmented data
* Sniffing of promiscuous mode traffic
* Can read libpcap capture files
* API to access capture and parsing engine

## InfoBox

Network Monitor
| Original author(s) | Raymond Patch, Tom Laird-McConnell, Steve Hiskey, Steve Rosato |
| --- | --- |
| Developer(s) | Microsoft |
|  | |
| Final release | 3.4 / June 24, 2010 |
|  | |
| Operating system | Windows |
| Type | Packet analyzer |
| Website | blogs.technet.com/netmon |


title: Port Lions Airport

abstract: Port Lions Airport is a state-owned, public-use airport located two nautical miles northeast of the central business district of Port Lions, a city located on Kodiak Island in the Kodiak Island Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska. Federal Aviation Administration records report that the airport had 2,386 passenger boardings (enplanements) in the calendar year 2008, 2,666 enplanements in 2009, and 2,257 in 2010. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation facility.

text:
# Port Lions Airport

**Port Lions Airport** (IATA: **ORI**, FAA LID: **ORI**) is a state-owned, public-use airport located two nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) northeast of the central business district of Port Lions, a city located on Kodiak Island in the Kodiak Island Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska.

Federal Aviation Administration records report that the airport had 2,386 passenger boardings (enplanements) in the calendar year 2008, 2,666 enplanements in 2009, and 2,257 in 2010. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a *general aviation* facility (the *commercial service* category requires at least 2,500 enplanements per year).

## Facilities and aircraft

Port Lions Airport covers an area of 32 acres (13 hectares) at an elevation of 52 feet (16 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 7/25 with a gravel surface measuring 2,200 by 75 feet (671 by 23 m). For the 12-months ending December 31, 2006, the airport had 5,300 aircraft operations, an average of 14 per day: 91% air taxi and 9% general aviation.

## Airlines and destinations

Airlines with scheduled passenger service to non-stop destinations:

| Airlines | Destinations |
| --- | --- |
| Island Air Service | Kodiak, Ouzinkie |

### Statistics

Carrier shares: January  December 2012
| Carrier | Passengers (arriving and departing) |
| --- | --- |
| Island | 2,200(72.6%) |
| Servant | 830(27.4%) |

Top domestic destinations: Jan.  Dec. 2012
| Rank | City | Airport | Passengers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Kodiak, AK | Kodiak Airport (ADQ) | 1,610 |
| 2 | Ouzinkie, AK | Ouzinkie Airport (KOZ) | 50 |

## InfoBox

| Port Lions Airport | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public |
| Owner | Alaska DOT&PF \- Central Region |
| Serves | Port Lions, Alaska |
| Elevation AMSL | 52 ft / 16 m |
| Coordinates | 57°53′07″N 152°50′46″W / 57.88528°N 152.84611°W / 57.88528; -152.84611 |
| Map | |
| **ORI**Location of airport in Alaska | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  ft m  7/25 2,200 671 Gravel | |
| Statistics (2006) | |
| Aircraft operations 5,300 | |
| Source: Federal Aviation Administration | |


title: Matilda Lugg

abstract: Matilda Bryant Lugg is an Australian former cricketer who played as a wicket-keeper and right-handed batter. She played for the ACT Meteors in the Women's National Cricket League (WNCL). She joined the Meteors ahead of the 2018–19 WNCL season but did not make an appearance. Lugg made her debut for the Meteors during the 2019–20 WNCL season, making four appearances in total. She previously played for the Irish team Typhoons in the 2018 Toyota Super 3s.

text:
# Matilda Lugg

**Matilda Bryant Lugg** (born 12 November 1999) is an Australian former cricketer who played as a wicket-keeper and right-handed batter. She played for the ACT Meteors in the Women's National Cricket League (WNCL). She joined the Meteors ahead of the 2018–19 WNCL season but did not make an appearance.

Lugg made her debut for the Meteors during the 2019–20 WNCL season, making four appearances in total. She previously played for the Irish team Typhoons in the 2018 Toyota Super 3s.

Media related to Matilda Lugg at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

Matilda Lugg
| Lugg playing for the ACT in September 2022 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Matilda Bryant Lugg |
| Born | (1999-12-11) 11 December 1999<br>Moruya, New South Wales, Australia |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm medium |
| Role | Wicket-keeper |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 2018 | Typhoons |
| 2018/19–2022/23 | Australian Capital Territory |
| 2021/22 | Sydney Sixers |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition WLA WT20  Matches 5 6  Runs scored 30 110  Batting average 7.50 22.00  100s/50s 0/0 0/0  Top score 14 29  Balls bowled  30  Wickets  2  Bowling average  15.00  5 wickets in innings  0  10 wickets in match  0  Best bowling  2/14  Catches/stumpings 3/0 2/1 | |
|  | |
| Source: CricketArchive, 25 March 2021 | |


abstract: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Creek County, Oklahoma. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Creek County, Oklahoma, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map. There are 31 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.           This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.

text:
# National Register of Historic Places listings in Creek County, Oklahoma

This is a list of the **National Register of Historic Places listings in Creek County, Oklahoma**.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Creek County, Oklahoma, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 31 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

*This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.*

## Current listings

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Jackson Barnett No. 11 Oil Well |  | July 27, 1982
(#82003681) | South of Drumright
35°58′26″N 96°35′04″W / 35.973889°N 96.584444°W / 35.973889; -96.584444 (Jackson Barnett No. 11 Oil Well) | Drumright |  |
| 2 | Beard Motor Company |  | May 27, 2004
(#04000522) | 210 E. 9th
35°50′08″N 96°23′16″W / 35.835556°N 96.387778°W / 35.835556; -96.387778 (Beard Motor Company) | Bristow |  |
| 3 | Berryhill Building |  | November 30, 1999
(#99001423) | 14-20 E. Dewey Ave.
35°59′54″N 96°06′47″W / 35.998333°N 96.113056°W / 35.998333; -96.113056 (Berryhill Building) | Sapulpa |  |
| 4 | Bridge No. 18 at Rock Creek |  | February 23, 1995
(#95000031) | Junction of Old U.S. Route 66 and Rock Creek
35°59′37″N 96°08′11″W / 35.993611°N 96.136389°W / 35.993611; -96.136389 (Bridge No. 18 at Rock Creek) | Sapulpa | 1921 Ozark Trail Warren truss bridge, part of U.S. Route 66 in Oklahoma until a 1952 realignment, closed to traffic as of 2013. |
| 5 | Bristow Firestone Service Station |  | September 6, 2007
(#07000912) | 321 N. Main
35°50′07″N 96°23′25″W / 35.835278°N 96.390278°W / 35.835278; -96.390278 (Bristow Firestone Service Station) | Bristow |  |
| 6 | Bristow Motor Company Building |  | February 23, 1995
(#95000032) | 500 N. Main St.
35°50′13″N 96°23′27″W / 35.836944°N 96.390833°W / 35.836944; -96.390833 (Bristow Motor Company Building) | Bristow |  |
| 7 | Bristow Presbyterian Church |  | October 3, 1979
(#79001992) | 6th and Elm Sts.
35°49′57″N 96°23′35″W / 35.8325°N 96.393056°W / 35.8325; -96.393056 (Bristow Presbyterian Church) | Bristow |  |
| 8 | Bristow Tire Shop |  | February 23, 1995
(#95000033) | 115 W. 4th St.
35°49′51″N 96°23′29″W / 35.830833°N 96.391389°W / 35.830833; -96.391389 (Bristow Tire Shop) | Bristow |  |
| 9 | Creek County Courthouse |  | March 22, 1985
(#85000679) | 222 E. Dewey Ave.
35°59′54″N 96°06′37″W / 35.998333°N 96.110278°W / 35.998333; -96.110278 (Creek County Courthouse) | Sapulpa |  |
| 10 | Creek Masonic Lodge No. 226 |  | March 20, 2017
(#100000768) | 417 N. Main St.
35°50′11″N 96°23′28″W / 35.836317°N 96.390979°W / 35.836317; -96.390979 (Creek Masonic Lodge No. 226) | Bristow |  |
| 11 | Depew Route 66 Segment |  | September 10, 2014
(#14000593) | US 66 E. from Milfay Rd. for .46 mi.
35°47′11″N 96°33′41″W / 35.7864°N 96.5613°W / 35.7864; -96.5613 (Depew Route 66 Segment) | Depew vicinity |  |
| 12 | Drumright Gasoline Plant No. 2 |  | July 27, 1982
(#82003677) | North of Drumright
36°00′33″N 96°34′57″W / 36.009167°N 96.5825°W / 36.009167; -96.5825 (Drumright Gasoline Plant No. 2) | Drumright |  |
| 13 | Aaron Drumright House |  | August 17, 1982
(#82003678) | 403 S. Creek Ave.
35°59′08″N 96°36′24″W / 35.985556°N 96.606667°W / 35.985556; -96.606667 (Aaron Drumright House) | Drumright | Fire damaged by October of 2022 |
| 14 | First United Methodist Church of Drumright |  | March 31, 1982
(#82003679) | 115 N. Pennsylvania Ave.
35°59′21″N 96°36′07″W / 35.989167°N 96.601944°W / 35.989167; -96.601944 (First United Methodist Church of Drumright) | Drumright |  |
| 15 | John Frank House |  | March 20, 2002
(#02000221) | 1300 Luker Ln.
35°59′08″N 96°06′10″W / 35.9856°N 96.1028°W / 35.9856; -96.1028 (John Frank House) | Sapulpa |  |
| 16 | J.W. Fulkerson House |  | March 23, 1982
(#82003680) | 508 E Broadway
35°59′18″N 96°35′43″W / 35.9883°N 96.5953°W / 35.9883; -96.5953 (J.W. Fulkerson House) | Drumright |  |
| 17 | House Building |  | September 9, 2020
(#100005554) | 301-305 North Main St.
35°50′06″N 96°23′28″W / 35.8350°N 96.3910°W / 35.8350; -96.3910 (House Building) | Bristow | No confirmation on the NPS website that this building is listed--July 2024 |
| 18 | Klingensmith Park Amphitheater |  | September 12, 2016
(#16000619) | W. 7th, W. 5th & Country Club Dr.
35°49′57″N 96°24′08″W / 35.8326°N 96.4022°W / 35.8326; -96.4022 (Klingensmith Park Amphitheater) | Bristow |  |
| 19 | Little Deep Fork Creek Bridge |  | December 5, 2003
(#03001237) | 0.33 miles east of the junction of E0830 Rd. and N3700 Rd.
35°48′49″N 96°26′06″W / 35.8136°N 96.435°W / 35.8136; -96.435 (Little Deep Fork Creek Bridge) | Bristow |  |
| 20 | Markham School and Teacherage |  | April 21, 1982
(#82003683) | Southwest of Oilton
36°03′39″N 96°36′25″W / 36.0608°N 96.6069°W / 36.0608; -96.6069 (Markham School and Teacherage) | Oilton |  |
| 21 | McClung House |  | June 27, 1980
(#80003262) | 18 W. Goodykoontz Ave.
35°59′26″N 96°06′51″W / 35.9906°N 96.1142°W / 35.9906; -96.1142 (McClung House) | Sapulpa |  |
| 22 | Meacham Building |  | April 21, 1982
(#82003682) | 102 E. Main St.
36°05′12″N 96°35′07″W / 36.0867°N 96.5853°W / 36.0867; -96.5853 (Meacham Building) | Oilton |  |
| 23 | St. George Episcopal Church |  | May 1, 2024
(#100010278) | 148 West 7th Street
35°50′02″N 96°23′33″W / 35.8339°N 96.3924°W / 35.8339; -96.3924 (St. George Episcopal Church) | Bristow |  |
| 24 | Santa Fe Depot |  | April 2, 1981
(#81000460) | Broadway and Harley Sts.
35°59′20″N 96°35′53″W / 35.9889°N 96.5981°W / 35.9889; -96.5981 (Santa Fe Depot) | Drumright |  |
| 25 | Sapulpa Downtown Historic District |  | September 14, 2002
(#02000975) | Roughly bounded by Hobson Ave., Elm St., Lee Ave., and Main St.
35°59′54″N 96°06′43″W / 35.9983°N 96.1119°W / 35.9983; -96.1119 (Sapulpa Downtown Historic District) | Sapulpa |  |
| 26 | Tank Farm Loop Route 66 Roadbed |  | September 6, 2006
(#06000797) | Junction of State Highway 66 and Old U.S. Route 66, 0.6 miles west of the Interstate 44 overpass
35°54′33″N 96°18′50″W / 35.9092°N 96.3139°W / 35.9092; -96.3139 (Tank Farm Loop Route 66 Roadbed) | Bristow |  |
| 27 | Texaco Service Station |  | February 23, 1995
(#95000034) | 201 W. 4th Ave.
35°49′51″N 96°23′36″W / 35.8308°N 96.3933°W / 35.8308; -96.3933 (Texaco Service Station) | Bristow |  |
| 28 | Tidal School |  | April 2, 1981
(#81000461) | South of Drumright off State Highway 16
35°57′46″N 96°35′04″W / 35.9628°N 96.5844°W / 35.9628; -96.5844 (Tidal School) | Drumright | now Tidewater Winery |
| 29 | Washington School |  | January 28, 1981
(#81000462) | 214 W. Federal St.
35°59′13″N 96°36′11″W / 35.9869°N 96.6031°W / 35.9869; -96.6031 (Washington School) | Drumright |  |
| 30 | West Sapulpa Route 66 Roadbed |  | March 3, 2004
(#04000128) | Junction of Ozark Trail of State Highway 66, 0.25 miles west of Sahoma Lake Rd.
35°59′31″N 96°09′45″W / 35.9919°N 96.1625°W / 35.9919; -96.1625 (West Sapulpa Route 66 Roadbed) | Sapulpa |  |
| 31 | Wheeler No. 1 Oil Well |  | March 14, 1983
(#83002083) | Off State Highway 99
35°59′58″N 96°35′50″W / 35.9994°N 96.5972°W / 35.9994; -96.5972 (Wheeler No. 1 Oil Well) | Drumright |  |


title: Post office in De Steeg

abstract: The post office in De Steeg is a monumental building located on Hoofdstraat 21 in De Steeg, Rheden, the Netherlands. It was built in 1905, by order of count Bentinck, based on a design by G. J. Uiterwijk. Due to the noticeable style, which resembles timber framing, the building and a nearby barn were made a rijksmonument on June 15, 2001. The building was allegedly built on the occasion of a visit by the German emperor Wilhelm II in 1909 to Middachten. Afterwards the building was offered for use to the local postal service. The building would stay in use as post office till June 1, 1992. After the closing of the post office the building became private property and served as living and office space. After it functioned as a combination of living space and a delicatessen store, part of it is now a restaurant.

text:
# Post office in De Steeg

The **post office in De Steeg** is a monumental building located on Hoofdstraat 21 in De Steeg, Rheden, the Netherlands. It was built in 1905, by order of count Bentinck (the owner of Middachten Castle), based on a design by G. J. Uiterwijk. Due to the noticeable style, which resembles timber framing, the building and a nearby barn were made a rijksmonument on June 15, 2001.

The building was allegedly built on the occasion of a visit by the German emperor Wilhelm II in 1909 to Middachten. Afterwards the building was offered for use to the local postal service. The building would stay in use as post office till June 1, 1992. After the closing of the post office the building became private property and served as living and office space. After it functioned as a combination of living space and a delicatessen store, part of it is now a restaurant.

52°01′14″N 6°03′46″E / 52.02065°N 6.06272°E / 52.02065; 6.06272


title: Newfane, New York

abstract: Newfane is a town in Niagara County, New York, United States. The population was 9,666 at the 2010 census. The Town of Newfane is in the north-central part of the county, north of the City of Lockport.

text:
# Newfane, New York

**Newfane** is a town in Niagara County, New York, United States. The population was 9,666 at the 2010 census.

The **Town of Newfane** is in the north-central part of the county, north of the City of Lockport.

## History

The Town of Newfane was established in 1824 by Wesley R. Rupert and others. The Newfane name was selected by early settlers who had roots in Newfane, Vermont. The town was created from portions of the Towns of Hartland, Somerset, and Wilson. The first town meeting was held at the Van Horn Mansion in 1824. The Newfane township consists of six hamlets; Appleton, Burt, the Newfane village, Olcott, Ridgewood and the northern portion of Wright's Corners. The Newfane village was once named "Charlotteville," but renamed Newfane, and Olcott was named Kempville in early times.

Its school district includes an early childhood center, an elementary school, a middle school, and one high school. The school's mascot is a panther.

In Olcott, there is a monument with a handful of names of soldiers who fought for the Union cause in the American Civil War. In total, 252 Union soldiers came from Newfane, of whom about 55 died during service. Olcott is also home to an original Herschell Carousel. The Carousel was built in 1928 and recently celebrated its 80th anniversary.

The town has two properties on the National Register of Historic Places: the First Baptist Church and the Van Horn Mansion.

## Notable people

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 53.5 square miles (139 km2), of which 51.8 square miles (134 km2) is land and 1.6 square miles (4.1 km2) (3.05%) is water. It also includes Wright's Corners. Newfane's northern border is Lake Ontario. The town's south border is shared with the Town of Lockport.

### Adjacent cities and towns

## Major highways in the Town of Newfane

* New York State Route 18 (Lake Rd.), east–west highway across the north part of town roughly paralleling Lake Ontario.
* New York State Route 78 (Lockport-Olcott Rd.), north–south roadway through the town from the Lockport town line to its northern terminus at Lake Rd. (NY 18) in Olcott, NY.
* New York State Route 104 (Ridge Rd.), east–west roadway through the town from the Cambria town line to the Hartland town line. (Runs concurrently with NY 78 a short distance in Wrights Corners.)

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1830 | 1,448 |  |  |
| 1840 | 2,372 |  | 63.8% |
| 1850 | 3,271 |  | 37.9% |
| 1860 | 3,363 |  | 2.8% |
| 1870 | 3,097 |  | −7.9% |
| 1880 | 3,462 |  | 11.8% |
| 1890 | 3,170 |  | −8.4% |
| 1900 | 3,248 |  | 2.5% |
| 1910 | 4,060 |  | 25.0% |
| 1920 | 3,515 |  | −13.4% |
| 1930 | 4,225 |  | 20.2% |
| 1940 | 4,635 |  | 9.7% |
| 1950 | 5,801 |  | 25.2% |
| 1960 | 8,523 |  | 46.9% |
| 1970 | 9,459 |  | 11.0% |
| 1980 | 9,268 |  | −2.0% |
| 1990 | 8,996 |  | −2.9% |
| 2000 | 9,657 |  | 7.3% |
| 2010 | 9,666 |  | 0.1% |
| 2016 (est.) | 9,354 |  | −3.2% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

As of the census of 2000, there were 9,657 people, 3,597 households, and 2,633 families residing in the town. The population density was 186.3 inhabitants per square mile (71.9/km2). There were 3,854 housing units at an average density of 74.3 units per square mile (28.7 units/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 90.76% White, 7.15% Black or African American, 0.54% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 0.51% from other races, and 0.85% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.98% of the population.

There were 3,597 households, out of which 33.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.4% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.8% were non-families. 21.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.0% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $41,438, and the median income for a family was $50,095. Males had a median income of $38,037 versus $25,279 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,311. About 5.2% of families and 6.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.9% of those under age 18 and 5.0% of those age 65 or over.

## Communities and locations in Newfane

* Appleton  A hamlet in the northeast part of Newfane.
* Burt  A hamlet south of Olcott on Route 78, named after Burt van Horn, an early settler in the region.
* Corwin  A hamlet between Newfane and Wrights Corners on Route 78.
* Eighteen Mile Creek  A stream flowing northward through the town to Lake Ontario.
* Hess Road  A location on the east border of the town, east of Newfane.
* Ridgewood  A hamlet southeast of Newfane on Route 104 (Ridge Road).
* Newfane  The hamlet of Newfane is on Route 78, centrally located in the town and on the east bank of Eighteen Mile Creek.
* Olcott  A hamlet with a small boat harbor on Lake Ontario.
* **Olcott-Newfane Airport (D80)**  A small general aviation airport on the west side of Eighteen Mile Creek and southwest of Olcott.
* **Woodland Heights**  a lakeside hamlet on Lake Ontario.
* Wrights Corners  A hamlet on the south town line, partly in the Town of Lockport. The community is located by the fork in Routes 78 and 104. It extends to Wicks Road.

43°17′12″N 78°42′37″W / 43.28667°N 78.71028°W / 43.28667; -78.71028

## InfoBox

| Newfane | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Town of Newfane | |
| NY 78 through the hamlet of Newfane. | |
| Motto: "Together We Can" | |
| Location in Niagara County and the state of New York. | |
| Coordinates: 43°17′51″N 78°42′16″W / 43.29750°N 78.70444°W / 43.29750; -78.70444 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | New York |
| County | Niagara |
| Government | |
| Type | Town Council |
| Town Supervisor | John Syracuse () |
| Area | |
| Total | 53.48 sq mi (138.51 km2) |
| Land | 51.82 sq mi (134.22 km2) |
| Water | 1.66 sq mi (4.29 km2) |
| Elevation | 344 ft (105 m) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 9,666 |
| Estimate (2016) | 9,354 |
| Density | 180.50/sq mi (69.69/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 14108 |
| Area code | 716 |
| FIPS code | 36-50232 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0979262 |


title: PULSE (P2PTV)

abstract: PULSE is a P2PTV application developed by the European FP7 NAPA-WINE research consortium. PULSE stands for Peer-to-Peer Unstructured Live Streaming Experiment and is a peer-to-peer live streaming system designed to operate in scenarios where the bandwidth resources of nodes can be highly heterogeneous and variable over time, as is the case for the Internet.

text:
# PULSE (P2PTV)

**PULSE** is a P2PTV application developed by the European FP7 NAPA-WINE (Network-Aware P2P-TV Application over Wise Networks) research consortium.

PULSE stands for *Peer-to-Peer Unstructured Live Streaming Experiment* and is a peer-to-peer live streaming system designed to operate in scenarios where the bandwidth resources of nodes can be highly heterogeneous and variable over time, as is the case for the Internet.

## History

The principles and basic algorithms of PULSE were proposed by Fabio Pianese. The prototype was developed by Diego Perino and released with a LGPL Software License. The development has been taken over by the NAPA-WINE consortium in 2008, and version 0.2.2 can be downloaded via anonymous svn from the NAPA-WINE website.

## P2PMyLive

In 2009, PULSE introduced P2PMyLive, where content providers can announce their streaming. Either the source or the participant can use the same graphical front-end to the pulse engine, which is available for Windows and Linux Ubuntu. Live streaming can be performed without any restriction.

## InfoBox

| Initial release | 2007 |
| --- | --- |
| Available in | English |
| Type | P2PTV |