title: Math Curse

abstract: Math Curse is a children's picture book written by Jon Scieszka and illustrated by Lane Smith. Published in 1995 through Viking Press, the book tells the story of a student who is cursed by the manner in which mathematics is connected to everyday life. In 2009, a film based on the book was released by Weston Woods Studios, Inc.

text:
# Math Curse

***Math Curse*** is a children's picture book written by Jon Scieszka and illustrated by Lane Smith. Published in 1995 through Viking Press, the book tells the story of a student who is cursed by the manner in which mathematics is connected to everyday life. In 2009, a film based on the book was released by Weston Woods Studios, Inc.

## Plot summary

The nameless student begins with a seemingly innocent statement by her math teacher: "you know, almost everything in life can be considered a math problem." The next morning, the hero finds herself thinking of the time she needs to get up along the lines of algebra. Next comes the mathematical school of probability, followed by charts and statistics. As the narrator slowly turns into a "math zombie", everything in her life is transformed into a problem. A class treat of cupcakes becomes a study in fractions, while a trip to the store turns into a problem of money. Finally, she is left painstakingly calculating how many minutes of "math madness" will be in her life now that she is a "mathematical lunatic." Her sister asks her what her problem is, and she responds, "365 days x 24 hours x 60 minutes." Finally, she collapses on her bed, and dreams that she is trapped in a blackboard-room covered in math problems. Armed with only a piece of chalk, she must escape and she manages to do just that by breaking the chalk in half, because "two halves make a whole." She escapes through this "whole", and awakens the next morning with the ability to solve any problem. Her curse is broken...until the next day, when her science teacher mentions that in life, everything can be viewed as a science experiment.

## Math problems

The book is full of actual math problems (and some rather unrelated questions, such as "What does this inkblot look like?"). Readers can try to solve the problems and check their answers, which are located on the back cover of the book.

## Stage adaptation

The book was also adapted for the stage by Heath Corson and Kathleen Collins in 1997. It was first performed at the A Red Orchid Theatre in Chicago, Illinois, in 1997, with subsequent productions at other locations. Its West Coast premiere was in 2003 at the Powerhouse Theatre of Santa Monica, California. It was directed by Collins, and the cast included Kerry Lacy, Thomas Colby, Will Moran, Andrew David James, and Emily Marver. The play met with warm reviews and succeeded with its audiences as well as local school children.

## Awards

The book was critically acclaimed, receiving a number of awards and accolades, including Maine's Student Favorite Book Award, the Texas Bluebonnet Award, and New Hampshire's The Great Stone Face Book Award.

## InfoBox

Math Curse
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Authors | Jon Scieszka
Lane Smith |
| Cover artist | Lane Smith |
| Language | English |
| Subject | Mathematics |
| Genre | Children's books
picture books |
| Publisher | Viking Press |
| Publication date | 1995 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Pages | 32 |
| ISBN | 978-0-670-86194-1 |
| OCLC | 32589625 |
| Dewey Decimal | \[E\] 20 |
| LC Class | PZ7.S41267 Mat 1995 |
| Followed by | *Science Verse* |


title: Marcus Sorg

abstract: Marcus Sorg is a German football coach and former player who is currently the assistant coach of La Liga club Barcelona.

text:
# Marcus Sorg

**Marcus Sorg** (born 24 December 1965) is a German football coach and former player who is currently the assistant coach of La Liga club Barcelona.

## Career

### Early career

Sorg has been head coach of lower division clubs including Stuttgarter Kickers II, Stuttgarter Kickers 1. FC Heidenheim, and SSV Ulm.

### SC Freiburg

Sorg took over for Robin Dutt as head coach of Bundesliga side SC Freiburg when Dutt left for Bayer Leverkusen and had his first practice on 20 June 2011. On 29 December 2011, Sorg was sacked due to lack of results.

### Germany national team

Between 2013 and 2016, Sorg was the head coach of the Germany national under-19 team, winning the 2014 UEFA European Under-19 Championship while in charge of the side.

On 18 March 2016, he joined the Germany senior national team as second assistant coach to Joachim Löw, and following the 2018 FIFA World Cup was promoted to first assistant. He remained in his position with coach Hansi Flick, until they were dismissed on 10 September 2023.

## InfoBox

Marcus Sorg
| Sorg in 2019 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Date of birth | (1965-12-24) 24 December 1965 | | |
| Place of birth | Ulm, West Germany | | |
| Height | 1.84 m (6 ft 0 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Striker | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Barcelona (assistant coach) | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 1971–1977 | TSG Söflingen | | |
| 1977–1984 | SSV Ulm | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1984–1987 | SSV Ulm | 63 | (16) |
| 1987–1993 | VfB Stuttgart Amateure |  |  |
| 1993–1996 | TSF Ditzingen | 91 | (31) |
| 1996–1997 | VfR Mannheim | 32 | (11) |
| 1997–1999 | TSF Ditzingen | 47 | (14) |
| Total |  | **233** | **(72)** |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 1999–2001 | Stuttgarter Kickers II | | |
| 1999–2001 | Stuttgarter Kickers (assistant) | | |
| 2001–2003 | Stuttgarter Kickers | | |
| 2004 | TSF Ditzingen | | |
| 2004 | Heidenheimer SB | | |
| 2004–2007 | SSV Ulm | | |
| 2008 | SC Freiburg U17 | | |
| 2009–2011 | SC Freiburg II | | |
| 2011 | SC Freiburg | | |
| 2012–2013 | Bayern Munich U17 | | |
| 2013–2016 | Germany U19 | | |
| 2016–2023 | Germany (assistant) | | |
| 2024– | Barcelona (assistant) | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Vittorio Camardese

abstract: Vittorio Camardese was an Italian guitarist and physician, most famous among musicians and general audiences for his 'tapping' style of guitar playing.

text:
# Vittorio Camardese

**Vittorio Camardese** (Potenza, 6 July 1929 – 2 July 2010) was an Italian guitarist and physician, most famous among musicians and general audiences for his 'tapping' style of guitar playing.

## Biography

After attending high school in Potenza, Camardese moved to Rome to undertake higher studies. He graduated in medicine, specializing in radiology, then began professional medical practice at the Ospedale S. Filippo Neri in Rome, later working at the Policlinico Umberto I, also in Rome.

He evolved his musical style through teaching himself, and in amateur performances. But in 1956, he played on the RAI Italian television talent show *Primo applauso*, his first television appearance, in which he won first prize. The television programme *Chitarra, amore mio* featured him in 1965, and he was seen again in 1973 in the music-based talk show *Speciale per voi*.

He regularly visited two of Rome's most important jazz venues, the Music Inn and Folkstudio. Here, he joined several famous musicians in performances, including Chet Baker, Tony Scott, Joe Venuti, Lelio Luttazzi, Romano Mussolini and Irio de Paula.

In 1978 he met his partner with whom he remained for 18 years. At the time, she had a three-year-old son, Roberto Angelini, who went on to become a singer and songwriter. The same year also saw Camardese's final television appearance. His shy and modest nature, together with the pressure of performing on live television, caused him to turn down further requests for such shows.

Camardese died on July 2, 2010, four days before turning 81.

## Media

Camardese's performances are poorly documented. The only widely-available film of his playing is his performance *Chitarra, amore mio*, rebroadcast in later years by the Italian state broadcaster RAI. In this recording, Camardese's distinctive tapping style is clearly evident, where the fingers of the right hand strike the strings on the guitar neck, creating the musical notes and other sounds.

## Film

A project to document Camardese's life and work is (as of May 2016) seeking funding. Its publicity is presented by Roberto Angelini, the son of Camardese's partner.

## InfoBox

| Vittorio Camardese | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1929-07-06)July 6, 1929
Potenza, Italy |
| Died | July 2, 2010(2010-07-02) (aged 80)
Potenza, Italy |
| Occupation(s) | Physician, musician |
| Instrument | Guitar |
| Years active | 1953–1978 |
|  | |
| Website | www.vittoriocamardese.com |


title: Pazufloxacin

abstract: Pazufloxacin (INN) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It is sold in Japan under the brand names Pasil and Pazucross.

text:
# Pazufloxacin

**Pazufloxacin** (INN) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It is sold in Japan under the brand names **Pasil** and **Pazucross**.

## InfoBox

Pazufloxacin
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Clinical data | |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | International Drug Names |
| ATC code |  |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name * (3*R*)-10-(1-aminocyclopropyl)-9-fluoro-3-methyl-7-oxo-1*H*,7*H*\- \[1,3\]oxazino\[5,4,3-*ij*\]quinoline-carboxylic acid | |
| CAS Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.162.962 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C16H15FN2O4 |
| Molar mass | 318.304 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| SMILES * C\[C@H\]1COC2=C3N1C=C(C(=O)C3=CC(=C2C4(CC4)N)F)C(=O)O | |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C16H15FN2O4/c1-7-6-23-14-11(16(18)2-3-16)10(17)4-8-12(14)19(7)5-9(13(8)20)15(21)22/h4-5,7H,2-3,6,18H2,1H3,(H,21,22)/t7-/m0/s1 * Key:XAGMUUZPGZWTRP-ZETCQYMHSA-N | |
| (verify) | |


title: Philipp Rösler

abstract: Philipp Rösler is a German former politician who served as federal minister of health from 2009 to 2011 and federal minister of economics and technology as well as vice-chancellor of Germany from 2011 to 2013. Rösler was chairman of the liberal Free Democratic Party (FDP) from 2011 to 2013. Following the 2013 federal election in which the FDP left the Bundestag, he announced his resignation from the chairmanship. Born in Vietnam, Rösler was the first cabinet minister and vice-chancellor of Asian background in Germany. Before entering politics, Rösler was a cardiothoracic surgeon.

text:
# Philipp Rösler

**Philipp Rösler** GOM (born 24 February 1973) is a German former politician who served as federal minister of health from 2009 to 2011 and federal minister of economics and technology as well as vice-chancellor of Germany from 2011 to 2013.

Rösler was chairman of the liberal Free Democratic Party (FDP) from 2011 to 2013. Following the 2013 federal election in which the FDP left the Bundestag, he announced his resignation from the chairmanship. Born in Vietnam, Rösler was the first cabinet minister and vice-chancellor of Asian background in Germany. Before entering politics, Rösler was a cardiothoracic surgeon.

## Early life and education

Rösler was born in Khánh Hung, Ba Xuyên Province, in South Vietnam (now Sóc Trăng Province, Vietnam) on 24 February 1973. He was adopted from a Roman Catholic orphanage near Saigon by a German couple who already had two biological children, and brought him to Düsseldorf, West Germany, in a plane of children's rights charitable humanitarian organization Terre des Hommes at the age of nine months. He was raised by his adoptive father, who is a career military officer, after the couple separated when he was four years old.

Rösler grew up in Hamburg, Bückeburg and Hanover, where he graduated from high school in 1992. After training to become a combat medic in the German *Bundeswehr* (the Federal Defence Force), Rösler was accepted to study medicine at the Hanover Medical School. Following this, he continued his education at the *Bundeswehr* hospital in Hamburg. He earned his Doctorate in cardiothoracic surgery in 2002. He left the service as a *Stabsarzt* (a rank for German medical officers equivalent to an army captain) in 2003.

## Political career

### State politics

Rösler joined the FDP and its political youth organization, the Young Liberals, in 1992. He was secretary of the FDP in the state of Lower Saxony from 2000 to 2004 and served as chairman of the FDP parliamentary group in the Lower Saxon state assembly from 2003. From 2001 to 2006, Rösler was a member in the regional assembly of Hanover (district), where he was also deputy chairman of the parliamentary group. In May 2005, he was elected an observer of the federal FDP executive committee. He received 95% of the votes, the best result of that party conference. At the state party conference in March 2006, Rösler was elected as chairman of the Lower Saxon FDP with 96.4% of the votes; he succeeded Walter Hirche, who had decided to step down after twelve years at the helm. In April 2008, Rösler was confirmed as the Lower Saxon FDP party chairman, receiving 95% of the votes.

At the federal party conference in June 2007, Rösler was re-elected as a member of the party executive committee. The following month, he was elected to stand as his party's main candidate in the Lower Saxon state election in January 2008. In that election, he received 10.9% of the votes in his local constituency, *Hanover-Döhren*. On 18 February 2008, Rösler was appointed State Minister for Economic Affairs, Labour and Transport as well as Deputy Minister-President in the cabinet of Minister-President Christian Wulff of Lower Saxony.

### Role in federal politics

#### Federal Minister of Health, 2009–2011

Following the 2009 national elections, Rösler succeeded Ulla Schmidt as Federal Minister of Health in Angela Merkel's second cabinet.

Over the course of 2010, Rösler pushed through changes to the way drugs are priced on the German market as part of his wider-ranging health-care reform plans. In January 2011, he asked German pharmaceutical companies to refrain from delivering anesthetic sodium thiopental to the US, a request they agreed to. Later that year, he declined a request from his counterpart, United States Secretary of Commerce Gary Locke, that Germany help out with thiopental as dozens of US states were facing shortages of a drug necessary in lethal injections administered to death-row prisoners.

#### Vice-Chancellor and Federal Minister of Economics and Technology, 2011–2013

Rösler succeeded Rainer Brüderle as Federal Minister of Economics and Technology on 12 May 2011 and Guido Westerwelle as Chairman of the FDP on 13 May 2011 and was also instated as Vice-Chancellor of Germany on 16 May 2011.

On 7 June 2011, Rösler attended the state dinner hosted by President Barack Obama in honor of Chancellor Angela Merkel at the White House.

Rösler strongly supported the presidential candidacy of Joachim Gauck, originally proposed by the SPD and Greens, and reportedly secured his nomination by convincing his opposing coalition partner, the CDU/CSU, to back the nomination. That was seen as a step to demonstrate the independence of his party which was dramatically trailing in polls.

As a consequence of the FDP's defeat in the 2013 state elections in Lower Saxony, Rösler offered to step down as party chairman. The leadership decided that he would remain but not lead the party in the federal elections, instead acting in a team with Rainer Brüderle as top candidate. Following the defeat of 2013 federal elections, when the FDP was for first time in its history voted out of the Bundestag, he stepped down as chairman and retired from politics. Christian Lindner became his successor as leader of the FDP.

## Life after politics

In January 2014, Rösler became a member of the managing board and Head of the Centre for Regional Strategies of the World Economic Forum (WEF) in Switzerland, under the leadership of chairman Klaus Schwab. From late 2017 until early 2019, Rösler served as chief executive officer of New York-based Hainan Cihang Charity Foundation Inc., the largest shareholder of HNA Group.

In 2020, Rösler founded Consessor AG, a consulting firm based in Zug which advises companies on strategic management and internationalization.

In September 2021, Rösler was appointed as the Honorary Consul of Vietnam to the Swiss cantons of Zürich and Zug.

## Other activities

### Corporate boards

* CV VC, Member of the Board of Directors (since 2023)
* VinaCapital Ventures, chairman of the advisory board (since 2021)
* Brainloop, Member of the supervisory board (since 2020)
* Pure Holding, member of the board of directors (since 2020)
* Arabesque S-Ray, Partner (since 2019)
* Numbrs, Member of the advisory board (since 2019)
* Emmacc, Member of the advisory board (since 2019)
* Loc Troi Group (LT Group), Independent member of the board of directors
* Long Anh Province Energy Company, Independent member of the board of directors
* Fortum, Member of the supervisory board (2019–2023)
* Siemens Healthineers, Member of the supervisory board (2018–2023)
* KfW, Ex-Officio Member of the supervisory board (2011–2013)
* Volkswagen, ex-officio Member of the supervisory board (2009)

### Non-profit organizations

## Personal life

Rösler is a Roman Catholic, and a member of the General Conference of the Central Committee of German Catholics (ZdK). He has been married to Wiebke Lauterbach, also a physician, since 2002. The couple has twin girls, Grietje and Gesche, born in 2008. The family lived in Isernhagen before moving to Geneva in 2014 and, in 2017, to Zürich.

## Honours

## InfoBox

| Philipp RöslerGOM | |
| --- | --- |
| Rösler in 2012 | |
|  | |
| Vice Chancellor of Germany | |
| **In office**
16 May 2011  17 December 2013 | |
| Chancellor | Angela Merkel |
| Preceded by | Guido Westerwelle |
| Succeeded by | Sigmar Gabriel |
| Honorary Consul of Vietnam to Switzerland | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
1 September 2021 | |
| President | Nguyễn Xuân Phúc
Võ Thị Ánh Xuân *(Acting)*
Võ Văn Thưởng |
| Ambassador | Le Linh Lan |
| Consulate | Zürich and Zug |
| Leader of the Free Democratic Party | |
| **In office**
13 May 2011  7 December 2013 | |
| Preceded by | Guido Westerwelle |
| Succeeded by | Christian Lindner |
| Federal Minister of Economics and Technology | |
| **In office**
12 May 2011  17 December 2013 | |
| Chancellor | Angela Merkel |
| Preceded by | Rainer Brüderle |
| Succeeded by | Sigmar Gabriel (Economics and Energy) |
| Federal Minister of Health | |
| **In office**
28 October 2009  12 May 2011 | |
| Chancellor | Angela Merkel |
| Preceded by | Ulla Schmidt |
| Succeeded by | Daniel Bahr |
| Leader of the Free Democratic Party in Lower Saxony | |
| **In office**
18 March 2006  25 September 2011 | |
| Preceded by | Walter Hirche |
| Succeeded by | Stefan Birkner |
| Deputy Minister President of Lower Saxony | |
| **In office**
18 February 2008  27 October 2009 | |
| Prime Minister | Christian Wulff |
| Preceded by | Walter Hirche |
| Succeeded by | Jörg Bode |
| Minister of Economics, Labour and Transport of Lower Saxony | |
| **In office**
18 February 2008  27 October 2009 | |
| Prime Minister | Christian Wulff |
| Preceded by | Walter Hirche |
| Succeeded by | Jörg Bode |
| Member of the Landtag of Lower Saxony | |
| **In office**
2 February 2003  27 October 2009 | |
| Constituency | FDP List |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1973-02-24) 24 February 1973
Khánh Hưng, Ba Xuyên Province, South Vietnam |
| Nationality | German |
| Political party | Free Democratic Party |
| Spouse | *   Wiebke Lauterbach (m. 2002) |
| Children | 2 |
| Alma mater | Hannover Medical School |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Germany |
| Branch/service | *Bundeswehr* |
| Years of service | 1992–2003 |
| Rank | Stabsarzt |
| Unit | Joint Medical Service |
|  | |


title: X-Men: Reign of Apocalypse

abstract: X-Men: Reign of Apocalypse is a 2001 beat 'em up game developed by Digital Eclipse and published by Activision for the Game Boy Advance. Players control the X-Men as they attempt to find the missing Professor X and stop Apocalypse from devastating the world.

text:
# X-Men: Reign of Apocalypse

***X-Men: Reign of Apocalypse*** is a 2001 beat 'em up game developed by Digital Eclipse and published by Activision for the Game Boy Advance. Players control the X-Men as they attempt to find the missing Professor X and stop Apocalypse from devastating the world.

## Plot

### Story

Returning from their journey in the Mojoverse, the X-Men return to the destroyed remains of their home, the X-Mansion. They soon discover that they are in an alternate universe under the control of the evil mutant, Apocalypse. The X-Men must battle their way through Apocalypse's army of Sentinels and Mutants in order to return to their universe.

### Setting

The setting takes place in an alternate universe controlled by Apocalypse, with backgrounds that stay true to the *X-Men* comics. The X-Mansion, the Blackbird, Genosha and other familiar locations are present in the game.

### Characters

The playable X-Men roster consists of Wolverine, Cyclops, Storm, and Rogue. Each character has a different super power that gives them a unique playstyle. Boss enemies include classic villains from the comics such as Blob and Magneto. Other X-Men from the 616 Marvel Universe, such as Colossus and Nightcrawler, are allies of Apocalypse in this alternate universe and must be defeated.

## Gameplay

*X-Men: Reign of Apocalypse* is a side-scrolling action beat 'em up with 12 distinct levels. Each level has waves of enemies plus a mutant boss who all must be defeated to progress to the next stage. Players must defeat enemies to earn points which can be spent at the end of each stage to improve the character's strength, vitality, or mutant power. All playable characters share the same basic attacks, but each one has a unique special ability: Wolverine has claws that excel in close-range combat, Rogue has a charge ability, Storm controls tornado projectiles, and Cyclops has long-range optic blasts.

### Multiplayer

Up to two players can play cooperatively in campaign mode, or play against each other in a competitive mode to pit two of the playable characters in battle.

## Reception

*X-Men: Reign of Apocalypse* received mixed reviews upon release. Aggregate review websites Metacritic and GameRankings scored the game 61 out of 100 and 59.34%, respectively. The reviewer at GameSpot recommended the portable game to X-Men and beat 'em up game fanatics, but was disappointed by the simplistic gameplay and ending. Nintendojo concluded that it was "a fun game that ends much too quickly".

## InfoBox

| X-Men: Reign of Apocalypse | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Digital Eclipse Software |
| Publisher(s) | Activision |
| Series | *X-Men* |
| Platform(s) | Game Boy Advance |
| Release | * NA: September 25, 2001 * EU: October 5, 2001 |
| Genre(s) | Beat 'em up |
| Mode(s) | Single-player, multiplayer |


title: North Burial Ground

abstract: The North Burial Ground is a 110-acre (0.45 km⁲) cemetery in Providence, Rhode Island dating to 1700, the first public cemetery in Providence. It is located north of downtown Providence, bounded by North Main Street, Branch Avenue, the Moshassuck River, and Cemetery Street. Its main entrance is at the junction of Branch and North Main. The burial ground is one of the larger municipal cemeteries in Southern New England, and it accepts 220 to 225 burials per year.

text:
# North Burial Ground

The **North Burial Ground** is a 110-acre (0.45 km2) cemetery in Providence, Rhode Island dating to 1700, the first public cemetery in Providence. It is located north of downtown Providence, bounded by North Main Street, Branch Avenue, the Moshassuck River, and Cemetery Street. Its main entrance is at the junction of Branch and North Main. The burial ground is one of the larger municipal cemeteries in Southern New England, and it accepts 220 to 225 burials per year.

## History

From the time of its founding by Roger Williams in 1636, Rhode Island had strict separation of religious and government institutions. Therefore, Providence had no state churches with adjacent public burial grounds, as most New England towns had. Instead, townspeople buried their dead in family plots on individual farms.

In 1700, a town vote was held to establish a municipal cemetery. This cemetery was to be open to the deceased of all faiths, from millionaires to paupers, and even emancipated slaves. 45 acres were set aside; 10 acres were to be used for a cemetery, the remainder for a town common and militia training ground. However, the first official burial didn't take place until one Samuel Whipple was buried here in 1710/11. There were only about one or two burials per year until 1736, when 14 people were buried.

By the mid-1800s, under the influence of the Rural Cemetery Movement, cemeteries generally became viewed as a place for the general public to enjoy refined outdoor recreation. In Providence, the North Burial Ground was further landscaped. More land was added, along with curving roads and trees, to make the grounds more attractive to the living.

## Notable interments

See also: Category:Burials at North Burying Ground (Providence)

North Burial Ground has the burials of many notable Rhode Island residents, including governors, members of Congress, soldiers, millionaires, emancipated slaves, and literary figures:

## Images

## Further reading

* "The Early Records of the Town of Providence, Volume 18" by Snow & Farnham Company, 1904.

41°50′34″N 71°24′29″W / 41.84278°N 71.40806°W / 41.84278; -71.40806

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| North Burial Ground | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Providence, Rhode Island |
| Built | 1700 |
| NRHP reference No. | 77000003 |
| Added to NRHP | September 13, 1977 |


title: Morris House (New Haven, Connecticut)

abstract: The Pardee-Morris House, also known as John Morris House, is a historic house museum at 325 Lighthouse Road in New Haven, Connecticut. Probably built in the late 17th century, it is one of New Haven's oldest surviving buildings, and a good example of First Period colonial architecture. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. It is now owned and operated by the New Haven Museum and Historical Society, and is open seasonally for events, classes and tours.

text:
# Morris House (New Haven, Connecticut)

The **Pardee-Morris House**, also known as **John Morris House**, is a historic house museum at 325 Lighthouse Road in New Haven, Connecticut. Probably built in the late 17th century, it is one of New Haven's oldest surviving buildings, and a good example of First Period colonial architecture. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. It is now owned and operated by the New Haven Museum and Historical Society, and is open seasonally for events, classes and tours.

## Description and history

The Pardee-Morris House is located in New Haven's Morris Cove area, on the east side of New Haven Harbor. It is located at the southeast corner of Lighthouse Road and Morris Avenue. It is a large 2+12-story wood-frame structure, with stone end walls and chimneys, and a clapboarded exterior. The stone is laid in part with mortar of great antiquity, into which shells have been mixed. The main facade is seven bays wide, with sash windows arranged symmetrically about the main entrance. The entrance is sheltered by a modern shed-roof hood.

The oldest portions of the house are believed to date to the late 17th century, probably during the lifetime of Thomas Morris, the first colonial grantee of land in this area, or one of his sons. It was partially burned by the British in 1779. It remained in the Morris family until 1915, when it was sold to William Pardee. He only briefly occupied the house, and willed it to the historical society upon his death a few years later, along with an endowment for its care.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Morris House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 325 Lighthouse Rd., New Haven, Connecticut |
| Coordinates | 41°15′17″N 72°53′46″W / 41.25472°N 72.89611°W / 41.25472; -72.89611 |
| Area | 2 acres (0.81 ha) |
| Built | 1700 |
| NRHP reference No. | 72001341 |
| Added to NRHP | December 4, 1972 |


title: Pelagocephalus

abstract: Pelagocephalus is a genus of pufferfish which is from the coasts of South Africa and New Zealand. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species, Pelagocephalus marki, also known as the rippled blaasop. This species grows to a length of about 12 centimetres (4.7 in) TL.

text:
# Pelagocephalus

***Pelagocephalus*** is a genus of pufferfish which is from the coasts of South Africa and New Zealand. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species, ***Pelagocephalus marki***, also known as the **rippled blaasop**. This species grows to a length of about 12 centimetres (4.7 in) TL.

* Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "*Pelagocephalus marki*". *FishBase*. October 2012 version.

## InfoBox

| *Pelagocephalus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Tetraodontiformes |
| Family: | Tetraodontidae |
| Genus: | *Pelagocephalus*
J. C. Tyler & Paxton, 1979 |
| Species: | ***P. marki*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pelagocephalus marki***
Heemstra & M. M. Smith, 1981 | |
|


title: Gabacho

abstract: In the Spanish language, the word gabacho describes foreigners of different national origins in the history of Spain. The word gabacho originated in Peninsular Spain, as a derogatory term for "French" people and things, and in contemporary usage term retains the initial meaning, however, in other Hispanophone countries, the word gabacho acquired a meaning similar to the word guiri, in Spain. In some Hispanophone countries of Latin America, the word gabacho refers to people and things from the U.S.A., and refers to the country when the definite article el is used, as in the phrase "el gabacho". In México, Guatemala, and El Salvador gabacho is a deprecatory reference for someone from the U.S. In Mexico, el gabacho also identifies the U.S. as a place: "Voy para el gabacho". Moreover, in the Central American varieties of Spanish, the word gabacho refers to certain types of work-coats, such as the laboratory coat of a doctor, the smock of a kindergarten student, and a ceremonial vest worn in school-graduation ceremonies.

text:
# Gabacho

In the Spanish language, the word ***gabacho*** ( f. ***gabacha***) describes foreigners of different national origins in the history of Spain. The word *gabacho* originated in Peninsular Spain, as a derogatory term for "French" people and things, and in contemporary usage term retains the initial meaning, however, in other Hispanophone countries, the word *gabacho* acquired a meaning similar to the word *guiri*, in Spain.

In some Hispanophone countries of Latin America, the word *gabacho* refers to people and things from the U.S.A., and refers to the country when the definite article *el* is used, as in the phrase "*el gabacho*". In México, Guatemala, and El Salvador *gabacho* is a deprecatory reference for someone from the U.S. In Mexico, *el gabacho* also identifies the U.S. as a place: "*Voy para el gabacho*" (I’m going to the U.S.). Moreover, in the Central American varieties of Spanish, the word *gabacho* refers to certain types of work-coats, such as the laboratory coat of a doctor, the smock of a kindergarten student, and a ceremonial vest worn in school-graduation ceremonies.

## Etymology

A possible root is the Catalan word *gavatx* meaning foreigner. Another possible root derives from the Occitan word *gavach*, meaning "someone who speaks with a faulty speech" or "someone who doesn't speak properly". This is the official position of the Diccionario de la lengua española.

Robert A. Geuljans, etymologist, agrees with the connection between "gabacho" and the Aquitanian and Catalonian origins by considering that the origin of all, gabacho, gavatx and gavach comes from the Occitan word for "goiter", a disorder common in the French Pyrene caused for vitamin deficiency that impairs the ability to speak. Pilgrims afflicted had been traveling from France to Spain since the Middle Ages, to follow the Camino de Santiago hoping for a miraculous cure.

The word may also derive from a mock transcription of the French word for a long coat, specifically for the coats of the French soldiers during the late 18th and early 19th century.

The Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language claims the word originated in the 16th century, meaning "rude hillmen", and "he speaks badly the local language". According to the Diccionario de Autoridades in 1734, it is used for the people who originate from the folds of the Pyrenees, because in certain times of the year, they migrated to the Kingdom of Aragon and other parts, where they work in the lowest parts of society.


title: Uruguay at the 1992 Summer Olympics

text:
# Uruguay at the 1992 Summer Olympics

Uruguay competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. Sixteen competitors, all men, took part in fifteen events in eleven sports.

## Competitors

The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.

| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Athletics | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Boxing | 2 |  | 2 |
| Canoeing | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Cycling | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Judo | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Modern pentathlon | 1 |  | 1 |
| Rowing | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Sailing | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Shooting | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Swimming | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Weightlifting | 1 |  | 1 |
| Total | 16 | 0 | 16 |

## Athletics

**Men's Marathon**

## Boxing

## Canoeing

## Cycling

Two cyclists represented Uruguay in 1992.

Men's road race

## Judo

## Modern pentathlon

One male pentathlete represented Uruguay in 1992.

**Men's Individual Competition:**

* Daniel Pereyra  2929 points (→ 66th place)

## Rowing

## Sailing

## Shooting

## Swimming

**Men's 100m Breaststroke**

* Heat  1:05.79 (→ did not advance, 40th place)

**Men's 200m Breaststroke**

* Heat  2:21.25 (→ did not advance, 30th place)

## Weightlifting

## InfoBox

| Uruguay at the<br>1992 Summer Olympics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| IOC code | URU |
| NOC | Uruguayan Olympic Committee |
| Website | www.cou.org.uy (in Spanish) |
| in Barcelona | |
| Competitors | 16 (16 men and 0 women) in 11 sports |
| Medals | Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 |
| Summer Olympics appearances (overview) | |
|  | |


title: Matteo da Perugia

abstract: Matteo da Perugia was a Medieval Italian composer, presumably from Perugia. From 1402 to 1407 he was the first magister cappellae of the Milan Cathedral; his duties included being cantor and teaching three boys selected by the Cathedral deputies.

text:
# Matteo da Perugia

**Matteo da Perugia** (fl. 1400–1416) was a Medieval Italian composer, presumably from Perugia. From 1402 to 1407 he was the first *magister cappellae* of the Milan Cathedral; his duties included being cantor and teaching three boys selected by the Cathedral deputies.

## Life and career

Little is known about his life apart from this. Willi Apel asserted that he was the principal composer of his generation, but this claim was challenged by Heinrich Besseler, and Matteo's historical position remains an open question. Neither has there yet been a thorough stylistic study of his compositions. He wrote many contra-tenors to existing works, which resulted in many of these being wrongly ascribed to him. Matteo wrote in many forms, including the *virelai,* the *ballade,* and the *rondeau.* One of his patrons was Antipope Alexander V.

## Sources

* Günther, Ursula, and Anne Stone. "Matteo da Perugia", *Grove Music Online*, ed. L. Macy (accessed December 29, 2005), grovemusic.com (subscription access).
* Arlt, Wulf \[in German\] (1973). "The Development of French Secular Music during the Fourteenth Century". *Musica Disciplina*. **27**: 41–59. JSTOR 20532157.


title: Payne v. Tennessee

abstract: Payne v. Tennessee, 501 U.S. 808 (1991), was a United States Supreme Court case authored by Chief Justice William Rehnquist which held that testimony in the form of a victim impact statement is admissible during the sentencing phase of a trial and, in death penalty cases, does not violate the Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause of the Eighth Amendment. Payne overturned two of the Courts' precedents: Booth v. Maryland (1987) and South Carolina v. Gathers (1989).

text:
# Payne v. Tennessee

***Payne v. Tennessee***, 501 U.S. 808 (1991), was a United States Supreme Court case authored by Chief Justice William Rehnquist which held that testimony in the form of a victim impact statement is admissible during the sentencing phase of a trial and, in death penalty cases, does not violate the Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause of the Eighth Amendment. *Payne* overturned two of the Courts' precedents: *Booth v. Maryland* (1987) and *South Carolina v. Gathers* (1989).

## Background

**Pervis Tyrone Payne** (born March 1, 1967) was the defendant in this trial prosecuted in Tennessee. According to his criminal conviction, on Saturday, June 27, 1987, he attempted to rape an acquaintance of his, Charisse Christopher, and murdered her and her two-year-old daughter, Lacie Jo. Neighbors allegedly heard noises and yelling, and called the police. Upon arriving, a police officer "immediately encountered Payne who was leaving the apartment building, so covered in blood that he appeared to be 'sweating blood'".

The defendant, in contrast, said that he was in the building on a visit to his girlfriend and hearing screams from the room of the murder victims he went in to help. Payne and many other witnesses saw a man leaving the crime scene shortly before Payne arrived. He had found the knife still stuck in the throat of Charisse and pulled it out. He fled when he saw police arrive.

The police found "a horrifying scene." Forty-two stab wounds were on Charisse's body, and Lacie Jo and Nicholas, Charisse's three-year-old son, had suffered stab wounds as well. Payne fled to his girlfriend's house, and discarded his clothes, which were allegedly soaked in blood. Meanwhile, Nicholas Christopher held in his intestines while the emergency medical technicians transported him to the emergency room. The physical evidence implicating the defendant was: his fingerprints on cans of malt liquor, the victims' blood soaked into his clothes, and his property left at the scene of the crime.

Dozens of witnesses, including the police, friends, the neighbors, and experts, testified at the trial. The evidence that he perpetrated the attacks was "overwhelming," according to Chief Justice Rehnquist. Payne denied the charges, claiming he came upon the bloody victims. The district attorney stressed, in his closing arguments, the senselessness of the killings, the violence displayed by the defendant, and the innocence of the victims. The jury convicted him of two counts of first-degree murder and two counts of attempted murder and a related charge.

At the sentencing phase, the judge allowed both the public defender to adduce mitigating testimony from the defendant's friends and family, and the district attorney (DA) to introduce evidence from the grandmother/mother of the victims. Payne appealed to the Tennessee Supreme Court, and then asked for a *writ of certiorari* from the United States Supreme Court. *Certiorari* was granted, with the Court noting that it would have to reconsider its past precedent. The case was argued on April 24, 1991 and decided on June 27, 1991.

## Opinion of the Court

The Court held that testimony in the form of a victim impact statement was admissible and constitutional in death penalty cases, overturning *Booth v. Maryland* (1987) and *South Carolina v. Gathers* (1989). In *Booth* the Court stated that victim impact statements had nothing to do with the "blameworthiness of a particular defendant".

Writing for the Court, Chief Justice Rehnquist provided a variety of reasons for the decision to allow victim impact statements:

1. The sentencer has the right to consider all relevant evidence, within the rules of evidence.
2. The principle that the punishment should fit the crime is relevant here, and this was a particularly aggravated and savage murder.
3. *Stare decisis* is "not an inexorable command", and the Supreme Court, since *Marbury v. Madison* (1803), has decided what the law *is*.
4. Because the defendant has the right to present mitigating evidence at the sentencing phase, the prosecution should be able to present aggravating evidence about the victim (Justice Stevens, in dissent, characterizes this argument as a non sequitur: the defendant has constitutional rights because he is on trial - the victim is not on trial and has no constitutional rights in the proceeding).
5. The trial was fair in all respects, and mitigating evidence ought to be presented with damaging evidence when available.

Justices Stevens and Marshall wrote dissenting opinions, with Justice Blackmun joining each of them.

## Impact

*Payne* has had a significant, ongoing impact in victim's rights, criminology, stare decisis, and the lives of the parties involved.

The case allowed victim impact statements in U.S. courts, and the overwhelming majority of states now allow such use in the sentencing phase of trials, and was a significant development in the victims' rights movement. One scholar wrote:

> Among the most significant products of the Victim's Rights Movement over the past decade has been the revival of the use of victim impact evidence—evidence relating to the victim's personal characteristics and the emotional impact of the crime on others--during capital sentencing. With its decision in Payne v. Tennessee (1991), the US Supreme Court not only reversed its own recent precedent holding such evidence to be unconstitutional, it left only a vague and malleable standard for limiting its admissibility.
>
> Joel F. Donahue

Another scholar calls the verdict in *Payne* an example of "symbolic violence." It was pointed out that:

> Rehnquist's reliance on this image of the perpetrator as a rabid animal that is foaming at the mouth helps to justify the violence of Payne's death sentence while it also obscures that violence. The majority opinion in Payne, like the prosecutor's arguments before the jury, hinges on contrasting little Nicholas to Pervis Payne, juxtaposing Nicholas's smallness and vulnerability to Payne's murderous and inhuman power. The smaller and more innocent the victim, the stronger and more guilty the defendant appears.
>
> Jennifer K. Wood

The case was one in a line of cases that showed how the Rehnquist Court shifted to the conservative or "right" on criminal cases. The case is cited by at least one major college text book as a "capstone case." Colin Starger has pointed out that the current split in the Court's jurisprudence between "strong" and "weak" conceptions of stare decisis (both of which are ultimately descended from a 1932 dissenting opinion by Louis Brandeis) arises from the disagreement between the Rehnquist majority opinion and the Marshall dissenting opinion in this case.

## Scheduled executions

Payne's execution was stayed in April 2007, and after protracted litigation, again scheduled in December 2007, and stayed again that month.

Payne was later scheduled to be executed on December 3, 2020. However, he was granted a temporary reprieve until April 9, 2021, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Tennessee.

## Subsequent developments

Payne continues to maintain his innocence and has attracted supporters such as The Innocence Project and The Southern Christian Leadership Conference founded by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. In September 2020, DNA testing was ordered to investigate Paynes claims of innocence.

On November 18, 2021, the Shelby County District Attorney General announced that Payne was no longer on death row and would instead serve two consecutive life sentences. Since 2002, executions of people with intellectual disabilities have been ruled unconstitutional in the United States, and a law passed by the Tennessee General Assembly in April 2021 allowed for death row inmates to appeal their sentences on intellectual disability grounds. After a review of the evidence, Payne was found to have an intellectual disability, making him ineligible for execution. On January 31, 2022, Payne was resentenced to two concurrent life sentences, including credit for time served for an assault charge; Payne will be eligible for parole by 2027.

## InfoBox

| Payne v. Tennessee | |
| --- | --- |
| Supreme Court of the United States | |
| Argued April 24, 1991
Decided June 27, 1991 | |
| Full case name | *Pervis Tyrone Payne v. Tennessee* |
| Citations | 501 U.S. 808 (*more*)111 S.Ct. 2597; 115 L. Ed. 2d 720 |
| Argument | Oral argument |
| Case history | |
| Prior | *State v. Payne*, 791 S.W.2d 10 (Tenn. 1990); cert. granted, 498 U.S. 1076 (1991). |
| Holding | |
| The admission of a victim impact statement does not violate the Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause of the Eighth Amendment. | |
| Court membership | |
| Chief Justice William Rehnquist  Associate Justices Byron White **·**  Thurgood Marshall
Harry Blackmun **·**  John P. Stevens
Sandra Day O'Connor **·**  Antonin Scalia
Anthony Kennedy **·**  David Souter | |
| Case opinions | |
| Majority | Rehnquist, joined by White, O'Connor, Scalia, Kennedy, Souter |
| Concurrence | O'Connor, joined by White, Kennedy |
| Concurrence | Scalia, joined by O'Connor, Kennedy |
| Concurrence | Souter, joined by Kennedy |
| Dissent | Marshall, joined by Blackmun |
| Dissent | Stevens, joined by Blackmun |
| Laws applied | |
| U.S. Const. amends. VIII, XIV | |
| This case overturned a previous ruling or rulings | |
| *Booth v. Maryland* (1987)
*South Carolina v. Gathers* (1989) | |


title: Sascha Vogt

abstract: Sascha Vogt is a German politician. From June 2010 until December 2013 he was chairperson of the Young Socialists in the SPD, a division of the German Social Democratic Party.

text:
# Sascha Vogt

**Sascha Vogt** (born 13. July 1980) is a German politician. From June 2010 until December 2013 he was chairperson of the Young Socialists in the SPD (also called "Jusos"), a division of the German Social Democratic Party.

## Political career

In 1997, Vogt co-founded Juso AG in Hemer. From May 2002 to April 2004, he worked as a member of the Juso University Group in the General Students' Committee at the University of Münster. He initially served as a public relations officer, and in 2003 became Chairman.

Since 2008, Vogt has formed part of the Juso-Landesvorstand board, and since 2009 part of the Juso-Federal Board. Additionally, he was a member of the Federal Executive of the Juso-Hochschulgruppen. On 25 November 2011 Vogt was re-elected at the Federal Congress of Jusos with 72.9% of votes.

Since 2013, Vogt forms part of the SPD party executive committee. He was last re-elected at the federal party congress on 8 December 2017. He was not re-elected in 2019.

## InfoBox

| Sascha Vogt | |
| --- | --- |
| Vogt in 2015 | |
|  | |
| Chairman of the Young Socialists in the SPD | |
| **In office**
June 2010  December 2013 | |
| Preceded by | Franziska Drohsel |
| Succeeded by | Johanna Uekermann |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1980-07-13) 13 July 1980
Iserlohn, Germany |
| Political party | SPD |
| Alma mater | Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität |
| Occupation | Politician |
|  | |


title: North Scottsdale, Tasmania

abstract: North Scottsdale is a rural locality in the local government area of Dorset in the North-east region of Tasmania. It is located about 4.6 kilometres (2.9 mi) north-east of the town of Scottsdale. The 2016 census determined a population of 122 for the state suburb of North Scottsdale.

text:
# North Scottsdale, Tasmania

**North Scottsdale** is a rural locality in the local government area of Dorset in the North-east region of Tasmania. It is located about 4.6 kilometres (2.9 mi) north-east of the town of Scottsdale. The 2016 census determined a population of 122 for the state suburb of North Scottsdale.

## History

North Scottsdale was previously known as Bungana. The locality was gazetted in 1956.

## Geography

The Arnon River and Great Forester River each form part of the eastern boundary.

## Road infrastructure

The C831 route (Burnside Road / North Scottsdale Road / Jensen's Road) enters from the south-west and runs north-east and south-east before exiting. Route C832 (North Scottsdale Road / Old Waterhouse Road) enters in the south-west and runs through to the north-east before exiting. Route C834 (Forester Road) starts at an intersection with C832 and runs east before exiting.

## InfoBox

| North Scottsdale<br>Tasmania | |
| --- | --- |
| North Scottsdale | |
| Coordinates | 41°08′16″S 147°32′24″E / 41.1378°S 147.5399°E / -41.1378; 147.5399 |
| Population | 122 (2016 census) |
| Postcode(s) | 7260 |
| Location | 4.6 km (3 mi) NE of Scottsdale |
| LGA(s) | Dorset |
| Region | North-east |
| State electorate(s) | Bass |
| Federal division(s) | Bass |
| **Localities around North Scottsdale:**  Bridport Bridport Forester  Jetsonville North Scottsdale Forester, Kamona  Scottsdale Scottsdale, Tonganah Kamona | |


title: Morris Industrial School for Indians

abstract: The Morris Industrial School for Indians (1887–1909) was a Native American boarding school in Morris, Minnesota, United States. The school was founded and run by Roman Catholic nuns of the Sisters of Mercy order from 1887 until 1896. After that, the school was run by the Office of Indian Affairs of the United States Federal Government from 1898 until 1909. When the government took over operation of the school in 1898, they instituted a "progressive education," including music programs, a literary society, and a baseball team. In 1910, the school was transferred to the state. It was adapted for use as an agricultural high school operated by the University of Minnesota system. When it was to be superseded, a grassroots effort gained establishment of a public college at this campus: the University of Minnesota Morris opened in 1960. The only building from the Morris Indian School that survives in its original location is an 1899 dormitory. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It has been adapted to serve as the university's Multi-Ethnic Resource Center.

text:
# Morris Industrial School for Indians

The **Morris Industrial School for Indians** (18871909) was a Native American boarding school in Morris, Minnesota, United States. The school was founded and run by Roman Catholic nuns of the Sisters of Mercy order from 1887 until 1896. After that, the school was run by the Office of Indian Affairs of the United States Federal Government from 1898 until 1909.

When the government took over operation of the school in 1898, they instituted a "progressive education," including music programs, a literary society, and a baseball team. In 1910, the school was transferred to the state. It was adapted for use as an agricultural high school operated by the University of Minnesota system. When it was to be superseded, a grassroots effort gained establishment of a public college at this campus: the University of Minnesota Morris opened in 1960.

The only building from the Morris Indian School that survives in its original location is an 1899 dormitory. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It has been adapted to serve as the university's Multi-Ethnic Resource Center.

## Founding

The Morris Industrial School for Indians was founded in 1887 by a group of nuns from the Sisters of Mercy order under the leadership of Mary Joseph Lynch. Lynch had served with Florence Nightingale during the Crimean War before starting industrial schools for youth in the United States. The parish priest of Morris, Minnesota, invited the order led by Lynch to start a parochial school for girls in the town. The order wanted to focus on education for Native Americans. In 1886 they received a contract by the U.S. to staff a school to those ends. They named the new school the **Sacred Heart Indian Mission** and constructed the first buildings themselves.

Recruiting students from the Indian reservations was difficult for Lynch until she developed connections with the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians. It had a high percentage of members converted to Catholicism. The number of students, instructors, and buildings slowly increased for the first few years of the school. By 1895, the staff size was 25 (24 nuns and 1 male supervisor) and the enrollment was 103 students; it was the largest Indian boarding school in Minnesota. Lynch maintained traditional practices and curriculum of a largely parochial education; however, unlike some other Catholic boarding schools, she did not allow corporal punishment.

## Federal administration

A gradual change in contract policy at the Office of Indian Affairs (now Bureau of Indian Affairs), essentially ending contracts to parochial schools, resulted in a gradual decrease in resources for the school. The government ended its contract on July 1, 1896. Lynch was deeply disappointed, writing that year: "I am so disappointed words cannot express it...I meant to live till I die working for the Indians....But God, I suppose, wills otherwise."

The Office of Indian Affairs agreed to purchase the school, as it intended to take over operations from the Sisters of Mercy, but paid only half the price they asked. The Commissioner Daniel M. Browning offered the job of transitional superintendent to Lynch, but withdrew it and appointed William H. Johnson. The new school opened in 1898.

Johnson expanded the school and introduced "progressive education" under new federal recommendations. Academic instruction at the school included education from kindergarten until the eighth grade. The school integrated music programs, increased athletics, and started a literary society. Brick buildings replaced the wood ones constructed by the Sisters. A physical plant and sewage system were constructed, and the government acquired significant farmland for agricultural education at the school, as the region was primarily rural. Although Turtle Mountain Chippewa were prominent at the school, the majority of students came from other Ojibwe reservations.

Under pressure to maintain enrollment numbers, Johnson took extraordinary measures to keep students at the school. He extended the length of terms, refused to release students for vacation, and used school staff to forcibly bring students back who had left the institution (sometimes for other boarding schools). Complaints from tribes and other educators were regular as a result of these practices. Johnson also recruited students without verifying Native American ancestry; he accepted some whites who were trying to get a free education. Johnson was fired in 1901 and replaced by John B. Brown.

Brown had a similar progressive curriculum but did not keep as tight control. Average attendance stood at around 160 students for most of Brown's term. On April 30, 1908, Congress authorized the Indian Appropriations Act, which reduced the number of federal Indian boarding schools in favor of schools located on Native American reservations. Native Americans had repeatedly asked for this to keep their families and communities together.

The Morris Industrial School for Indians was selected as one of five schools to be transferred to state governments to be used for education of whites in exchange for the state offering free education to Native Americans. The school was transferred from federal to state control on December 9, 1908 and was authorized by legislation of Congress in March the next year. The Morris Industrial School for Indians closed in June 1909.

## Baseball team

With the "progressive education" efforts of Johnson and Brown, athletics and sports were integrated into the curriculum for all students. As was common around the country at the time, the main organized athletics was baseball. A quickly organized team played similar aged opponents from the town of Morris in the late 1890s. Starting in 1901, they began to play a number of high school baseball teams from the area and gained some notice in the local newspapers (which hesitantly covered the team's play). However, because of budget constraints, the team did not have coaches and learned most of their skills from one another.

They became a prominent regional team from 1905 until 1907 stringing together victories against many of the high schools in the region. The 1908 season though saw them defeat many of the best teams in the area. The team won a four-team tournament to start the season and then defeated the Wahpeton High School team, labelled the "champions among the high school teams of North Dakota." That season they went 11-1 beating Wahpeton twice and the Morris High School team, leading to the newspapers anointing the team as "champions of this part of the state."

Many players went on to careers in barnstorming baseball teams or various minor league teams. The player to have the most prominent career in baseball was 1904 graduate Charles Robert Roy (a member of the White Earth Band of Ojibwe). After graduating from Morris, Charlie Roy went to pitch for the Carlisle Indian Industrial School for two years and then signed a professional contract with the Philadelphia Phillies. Roy pitched eight games for the Phillies during the 1906 season and then played for a number of minor league teams.

## Legacy

The State of Minnesota repurposed the facility as the West Central School of Agriculture in 1910. It operated as a residential agricultural high school under the University of Minnesota system. In 1960, as part of a university reorganization, the campus became the University of Minnesota Morris.

Two buildings survive from the Morris Industrial School for Indians. A wood-frame house built for the school superintendent in 1905 was moved off-campus in 1937 and now stands at 540 West 5th Street. The other, an 1899 boys' dormitory, remains in its original location. The **Morris Industrial School for Indians Dormitory** was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 for having local significance in the themes of education, politics/government, and social history. It was nominated for its association with late-19th-century federal Indian policy, which the Dawes Act of 1887 shifted from isolating native people on reservations to a practice of cultural assimilation. When the campus became the West Central School of Agriculture, the building continued to serve as a dormitory for a few years but was converted to the Music Hall for most of the school's 50-year existence. When a historic district of surviving West Central School buildings was added to the National Register in 2002, the 1899 dormitory/music hall was listed as a contributing property. It now serves as the University of Minnesota Morris's Multi-Ethnic Resource Center.

United States portal  Schools portal

### Notes

### Bibliography

45°35′23″N 95°54′10″W / 45.58972°N 95.90278°W / 45.58972; -95.90278

## InfoBox

| Morris Industrial School for Indians | |
| --- | --- |
| Dormitory of the Morris Industrial School for Indians today on the campus of University of Minnesota Morris | |
| Location | |
|  | |
| Morris, Minnesota
United States | |
| Coordinates | 45°35′23″N 95°54′10″W / 45.58972°N 95.90278°W / 45.58972; -95.90278 |
| Information | |
| School type | Native American boarding school |
| Founded | 1887 |
| Status | Closed |
| Closed | 1909 |
| Grades | Kindergarten–Eighth |
| Enrollment | 100–160 |
| Nickname | Morris Indian School |
|  | |
|  | |
| Morris Industrial School for Indians Dormitory | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district
Contributing property | |
|  | |
| Location | 600 East 4th Street, Morris, Minnesota |
| Coordinates | 45°35′20.8″N 95°54′4.7″W / 45.589111°N 95.901306°W / 45.589111; -95.901306 |
| Area | Less than one acre |
| Built | 1899 |
| Part of | West Central School of Agriculture and Experiment Station Historic District (ID02001707) |
| NRHP reference No. | 84001696 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | May 10, 1984 |
| Designated CP | January 15, 2003 |
|  | |


title: March 77S

abstract: The March 77S was a Group 6 prototype race car, designed, developed and built by British manufacturer March Engineering, for sports car racing, in 1977. It was essentially a modified version and evolution of both the March 74S and the March 75S. It competed in the revived Can-Am series, entering in the Under 2-Liter class for the 1977 championship.

text:
# March 77S

The **March 77S** was a Group 6 prototype race car, designed, developed and built by British manufacturer March Engineering, for sports car racing, in 1977. It was essentially a modified version and evolution of both the March 74S and the March 75S. It competed in the revived Can-Am series, entering in the Under 2-Liter class for the 1977 championship.

## InfoBox

March 77S
| Category | Group 6 |
| --- | --- |
| Technical specifications | |
| Chassis | fibreglass body on aluminium monocoque |
| Suspension | double wishbones, push-rod actuated coil springs over shock absorbers, anti-roll bar (front)<br>twin lower links, single upper links, trailing arms, coil springs over dampers, anti-roll bar (rear) |
| Engine | Hart 420R 2.0 L (122.0 cu in) DOHC I4 naturally-aspirated mid-engined |
| Transmission | Hewland FT200 5-speed manual |
| Power | ~ 290 hp (220 kW) |
| Weight | 575 kg (1,268 lb) |
| Competition history | |
| Debut | 1977 Can-Am St. Jovite |


title: Gabriel Dell

abstract: Gabriel Dell was an American actor and one of the members of what came to be known as the Dead End Kids, then later the East Side Kids and finally The Bowery Boys.

text:
# Gabriel Dell

**Gabriel Dell** (born **Gabriel Marcel Dell Vecchio**; October 8, 1919 – July 3, 1988) was an American actor and one of the members of what came to be known as the Dead End Kids, then later the East Side Kids and finally The Bowery Boys.

## Acting career

Born in New York City, Dell almost made his stage debut a few years before *Dead End* when he and his sister were slated for roles in *The Good Earth* with Alla Nazimova and Claude Rains. Dell served in the United States Merchant Marine during World War II. He appeared in numerous films as a Dead End Kid/East Side Kid/Bowery Boy. In the 1944 East Side Kids film *Million Dollar Kid*, Dell appeared as a criminal villain, pitted against the boys, who gets brought to justice in the end.

Dell appeared in the play *The Sign in Sidney Brustein's Window*, written by Lorraine Hansberry. The production opened on Broadway at the Longacre Theatre on October 15, 1964, and was directed by Peter Kass. Jack Blackman designed scenery, Jules Fisher designed lighting, and Fred Voelpel designed costumes. The original cast featured Dell as Sidney Brustein and Rita Moreno as Iris Parodus Brustein. The play received mixed reviews and closed on January 10, 1965.

Dell starred in Lamppost Reunion as Fred Santora, which opened October 16, 1975. As a result of this performance, he was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play.

His other non-Dead End Kids/Bowery Boys films included *The 300 Year Weekend* (1971), *Who Is Harry Kellerman and Why Is He Saying Those Terrible Things About Me?* (1971), *Earthquake* (1974), and *Framed* (1975). He also appeared in *The Manchu Eagle Murder Caper Mystery* (1975), and *The Escape Artist* (1982). Dell also made several appearances on television shows during the 1960s and 1970s. including *Ben Casey*, *The Fugitive*, *Mannix*, *Then Came Bronson*, *I Dream of Jeannie*, *McCloud*, *Sanford and Son*, and *Barney Miller*.

According to differing sources, either Don Francks, Charles Bronson, or Dell was the uncredited actor providing the voice of Boba Fett, a Mandalorian bounty hunter, in the *Star Wars Holiday Special*.

## Death

Dell died in North Hollywood of leukemia in 1988 at age 68.

## Film

### Television

| Year | Series | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1956 | *Armstrong Circle Theatre* | Howard Mukluk Brown | Episode: "Operation Deep Freeze: Crash of the Otter" |
| 1960 | *The Steve Allen Plymouth Show* | The Burgomaster | 1 Episode |
| 1963 | *Naked City* | Willie Corbin | Episode: "Man Without a Skin" |
| 1965 | *Ben Casey* | Michael M. Francini | Episode: "Francini? Who is Francini?" |
| 1967 | *The Fugitive* | Chester | Episode: "There Goes the Ball Game" |
| 1967 | *Mannix* | Alan Brewer | Episode: "Coffin for a Clown" |
| 1969 | *The Governor and J.J.* | Dr, Apthecker | Episode: "Cat on a Hot Tin Mansion" |
| 1969 | *Then Came Bronson* | Russ Faber | Episode: "Old Tigers Never Die--They Just Run Away" |
| 1969 | *CBS Playhouse* | Mickey | Episode: "Sadbird" |
| 1970 | *I Dream of Jeannie* | Arvel | Episode: "My Master, the Chili King" |
| 1971 | *The Name of the Game* | Rocco Amato | Episode: "Appointment in Palermo" |
| 1971 | *McCloud* | Ira Mastin | Episode: "Somebody's Out to Get Jennie" |
| 1972 | *Cutter* | Leone | TV film |
| 1972 | *The Corner Bar* | Harry Grant | 10 Episodes |
| 1972-73 | *Sanford and Son* | Gunman / Leader | 2 Episodes: "The Suitcase Case" and "The Big Party" |
| 1972 | *Banyon* | Sam Whitney | Episode: "Meal Ticket" |
| 1973 | *Owen Marshall, Counselor at Law* | Matt Hanks | Episode: "An Often and Familiar Ghost" |
| 1974 | *Nakia* | Archie McIntosh | Episode: "No Place to Hide" |
| 1975 | *Barney Miller* | Al Shreiber | Episode: "Vigilante" |
| 1976 | *Risko* | Joe Risko | TV film |
| 1976 | *Switch* | Tony Adams | Episode: "The Things That Belong to Mickey Costello" |
| 1976 | *Doc* | Lindstrom | Episode: "The Westside Clinic and Deli" |
| 1977 | *Serpico* | Shotness | Episode: "Sanctuary" |
| 1977 | *Star Wars Holiday Special* | Boba Fett (voice) | TV special |
| 1977 | *A Year at the Top* | Frederick J. Hanover | Main Cast |
| 1979 | *Legends of the Superheroes* | Mordru | 2 Episodes: "The Roast" and "The Challenge" |

## InfoBox

| Gabriel Dell | |
| --- | --- |
| Dell as Harry Grant in *The Corner Bar*, 1972. | |
| Born | Gabriel Marcel Dell Vecchio
(1919-10-08)October 8, 1919
New York City, US |
| Died | July 3, 1988(1988-07-03) (aged 68)
North Hollywood, California, US |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1934–1982 |
| Spouse(s) | Barbara Dell (m. 19??; div. 1953)
Viola Essen (m. 19??; div. 19??) |
| Children | 1 |


title: X-Men: Reload

abstract: X-Men: Reload was the name given by Marvel Comics to their May 2004 revamp of the X-Men titles with new looks for the characters and fresh plot points. The revamp was prompted by Grant Morrison's departure from New X-Men. As a result of the revamp, Chris Claremont moved from writing X-Treme X-Men to writing Uncanny X-Men, with Alan Davis doing the art. Chuck Austen moved from writing Uncanny X-Men to New X-Men, which returned to its old name of simply X-Men, with Salvador Larroca, who had been working with him on Uncanny X-Men doing the art. Finally, Joss Whedon entered as the writer of the new title Astonishing X-Men, with John Cassaday as artist. X-Treme X-Men was cancelled. Also, the X-Men returned to more traditional costumes, as opposed to the black leather uniforms from the movies. In addition to this reshuffle of the main titles, many of the secondary X-Men books were given new writers as well.

text:
# X-Men: Reload

***X-Men: Reload*** was the name given by Marvel Comics to their May 2004 revamp of the X-Men titles with new looks for the characters and fresh plot points. The revamp was prompted by Grant Morrison's departure from *New X-Men*.

As a result of the revamp, Chris Claremont moved from writing *X-Treme X-Men* to writing *Uncanny X-Men*, with Alan Davis doing the art. Chuck Austen moved from writing *Uncanny X-Men* to *New X-Men*, which returned to its old name of simply *X-Men*, with Salvador Larroca, who had been working with him on *Uncanny X-Men* doing the art. Finally, Joss Whedon entered as the writer of the new title *Astonishing X-Men*, with John Cassaday as artist. *X-Treme X-Men* was cancelled. Also, the X-Men returned to more traditional (if not slightly revised) costumes, as opposed to the black leather uniforms from the movies.

In addition to this reshuffle of the main titles, many of the secondary X-Men books were given new writers as well.

## Publication history

The "post-Morrison" period that was known as the ReLoad event began when Grant Morrison's run for writing *New X-Men* ended and *X-Treme X-Men* was canceled. Chris Claremont who was writing *X-Treme* at that time was then returned to writing *Uncanny X-Men*, the title that he was famous for penning throughout the majority of the 1970s and 1980s. After Grant Morrison stepped down from writing *New X-Men*, the title was changed back to simply *X-Men* and continued with its numbering instead of restarting as issue #1. The three main X-Men team books consisted of the aforementioned X-Men, Astonishing X-Men, and Uncanny X-Men with the three main teams being led by Havok, Cyclops, and Storm respectively. Many individual X-Men characters received their own solo series as part of this event, but few lasted beyond twelve issues and many of the solo titles were cancelled after only a few issues due to poor sales. Astonishing X-Men quickly proved to be the most popular and highest selling X-Men title at that time and received strong reviews from fans and critics alike for its artwork, pacing, and writing. Astonishing X-Men became so popular that it was the only X-book at that time to receive spin-off series like *X-Men: Phoenix - Endsong* and an origin series for Colossus.

Many then-current titles were changed to fit with the revamp and along with that many titles were also cancelled to make way for new x-books. Some of the titles that were cancelled included volume 2 of *New Mutants* in order to make room for a new series focused on the newest generation of X-Men students called *New X-Men* volume 2. *X-Treme X-Men* was also cancelled and saw Storm bringing her team to work as the X.S.E. under a United Nations charter. *X-Statix* was cancelled in order to make room for *District X*, which saw Bishop policing a troubled mutant community in New York City. The series *Agent X* and *Soldier X* were both cancelled in order to provide room for the new series *Cable & Deadpool*. *District X*, *Madrox*, and new issues of *Wolverine* were re-branded as part of the Marvel Knights collection. The status-quo that was established in this event remained for a year until the *House of M* crossover event in 2005 drastically changed the tone of all X-books by having the majority of the world's mutants de-powered.

## Notable changes

Many characters and story arcs entered a brand new direction as part of the ReLoad event. Some of the most notable changes that had the most impact were the X.S.E. moving to the newly rebuilt mansion as their main headquarters, the Danger Room gained self-awareness and became a sentient being, Rogue finally learning her real name, Kitty Pryde returned to the X-Men full-time, Cyclops and Emma Frost became co-headmasters of the school and thus co-leaders of the X-Men, Colossus and Psylocke were both resurrected, Professor X left the X-Men in hopes of rebuilding Genosha alongside Magneto, the appearance of the real Xorn, the introduction of S.W.O.R.D., and X-23 officially joins the X-Men.

## Titles involved

*Astonishing X-Men*: volume 3, #1
*District X*: volume 1, #1
*Excalibur*: volume 3, #1
*Gambit*: volume 2, #1
*Madrox*: volume 1, #1
*Jubilee*: volume 1, #1
*New X-Men*: volume 2, #1
*Nightcrawler*: volume 3: #1
*Rogue*: volume 3, #1
*Uncanny X-Men*: volume 1, #444
*Wolverine*: volume 3, #20
*X-Force*: volume 2, #1
*X-Men*: volume 1, #157

## InfoBox

| *X-Men: Reload* | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional art for the *X-Men: Reload* event | |
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | Marvel Comics |
| Genre |  |
| Publication date | May 2004 |
| Main character(s) | X-Men |
| Creative team | |
| Writer(s) | Chuck Austen
Chris Claremont
Joss Whedon |
| Artist(s) | John Cassaday
Alan Davis
Salvador Larroca |


title: Pennella exocoeti

abstract: Pennella exocoeti is a large ectoparasitic copepod, a specialist parasite of flying fish. The adult female copepod clings to the fish's gills or skin and feeds on its body fluids.

text:
# Pennella exocoeti

***Pennella exocoeti*** is a large ectoparasitic copepod, a specialist parasite of flying fish. The adult female copepod clings to the fish's gills or skin and feeds on its body fluids.

## Taxonomy

*Pennella exocoeti* was first described by the Danish zoologist Hans Severin Holten in 1802 from a specimen probably found on the mirrorwing flyingfish (*Hirundichthys speculiger*). He called it a "gill worm" and recognised that it had close affinities with *Chondracanthus merluccii*, another "gill worm" found on a member of the cod family Gadidae, but he did not realise they were both copepods. Another species was described by the French naturalist Charles Alexandre Lesueur as *Pennella blainvilli* from the tropical two-wing flyingfish (*Exocoetus volitans*), but that has since been determined to be a synonym of *P. exocoeti*.

## Description

This is a large copepod that may grow to a length of 20 cm (8 in). The mature female found attached to its host bears little resemblance to a free-living copepod. The mouthparts are adapted for piercing the host's cuticle and sucking fluids, the second antennae are modified with hooked claws for gripping the host, and the other appendages are vestigial. The body gradually widens towards the posterior and has transverse bands of dark colour. The body terminates with an egg sac and a pair of very long setae (bristles).

## Ecology

The adult female copepod is parasitic while the adult male is free-living. The head and neck of the female burrow into the host fish and large, hard cysts are formed in the host's organs. The attachment is made by hooking to the fish with the prehensile second antennae, the remaining parts of the copepod's body hanging free.

This copepod is in its turn often parasitised by a goose barnacle, *Conchoderma virgatum*.

## InfoBox

| *Pennella exocoeti* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Copepoda |
| Order: | Siphonostomatoida |
| Family: | Pennellidae |
| Genus: | *Pennella* |
| Species: | ***P. exocoeti*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pennella exocoeti***<br>(Holten, 1802) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Lernaea exocoeti* Holten, 1802 * *Lernaeopenna holteni* Desmarest, 1825 * *Pennella blainvillei* (Le Sueur, 1824) * *Pennella holteni* (Desmarest, 1825) * *Pennella liouvillei* Quidor, 1913 | |


title: Matthew 3:11

abstract: Matthew 3:11 is the eleventh verse of the third chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. The verse occurs in the section relating the preachings of John the Baptist. In this verse he predicts that he will be followed by someone much greater than himself. The main theme of this verse is that John will soon be supplanted by a much greater figure and that John's water baptism is just a preparation for the much greater baptism with the Holy Spirit and fire.

text:
# Matthew 3:11

**Matthew 3:11** is the eleventh verse of the third chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. The verse occurs in the section relating the preachings of John the Baptist. In this verse he predicts that he will be followed by someone much greater than himself. The main theme of this verse is that John will soon be supplanted by a much greater figure and that John's water baptism is just a preparation for the much greater baptism with the Holy Spirit and fire.

## Content

In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads:

I indeed baptize you with water unto repentance. but he that cometh after me is mightier than I, whose shoes I am not worthy to bear: he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost, and with fire:

The New International Version translates the passage as:

"I baptize you with water for repentance. But after me will come one who is more powerful than I, whose sandals I am not fit to carry. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire.

The 1881 Westcott-Hort Greek text is:

εγω μεν υμας βαπτιζω εν υδατι εις μετανοιαν ο δε οπισω μου ερχομενος ισχυροτερος μου εστιν ου ουκ ειμι ικανος τα υποδηματα βαστασαι αυτος υμας βαπτισει εν πνευματι αγιω και πυρι

For a collection of other versions see BibleHub Matthew 3:11

## Analysis

This verse corresponds with the Gospel of Mark for the first time since Matthew 3:6, being mirrored by Mark 1:7 and . This verse is also found in Luke at Luke 3:16; however the context there is somewhat different. In Luke, John is addressing a receptive multitude; in Matthew it is assumed he is still speaking to the Pharisees and Sadducees introduced in Matthew 3:7. Schweizer notes that despite this, the verse is still written as though it is addressing all Israel. Matthew has also entirely skipped the content found in Luke 3:10–14. This is understandable as the response from the crowd is not in keeping with the hostile and unrepentant Pharisees and Sadducees.

France notes that the word translated as *after* is not chronological, rather it means the one who is a follower or disciple. This links in with the reference to shoes. At the time the disciple of a Rabbi would be expected to perform menial chores. However shoes, a word perhaps better translated as sandals, were considered unclean, a tradition that persists in the Middle East today. Thus the disciple would not deal with them, and such a task would be left to the lowest slave. Thus John the Baptist is presenting himself as very lowly indeed. Matthew slightly differs from the wording found in Luke and Mark. In those two gospels, John is not worthy of untying the messiah's sandals, in Matthew he is unworthy of carrying them.

John predicts a much stronger form of baptism by the Holy Spirit and by fire. It is from this verse that the expression "baptism by fire" comes. Hill notes for many years scholars felt that linking the Holy Spirit with fire, a symbol of God's wrath, clashed with the portrayal of the Spirit elsewhere in the New Testament, which saw it as a purely loving and helpful force incompatible with a destructive judgement. A number of theories were proposed to address this, some translations dropped the word fire to create a less destructive image. Another option is that *Holy Spirit* should actually read *wind*, as the same word can be used for wind and spirit in Greek. This would also link it to the next verse. This all changed with the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls found at Qumran, near where John the Baptist was said to be preaching. In a number of the texts, the Holy Spirit is linked to God's wrath and judgement leading most scholars to include that the wording here is original and that there were different views of the Holy Spirit circulating in the first century. Nolland notes that many scholars have attempted to use this verse as evidence for the Christian baptism ritual, but he does not believe that Jesus' baptism by fire and holy spirit can be so linked.

Whether the more powerful one coming after is a reference to God or Jesus is a matter of debate. After this verse, Jesus immediately enters the narrative, and the corporeal metaphor of carrying his shoes would seem to describe a human figure. On the other hand, this violent imagery contradicts the idea of the Messiah as a bringer of peace. Schnackenburg argues the wording in this passage is deliberately obscure between the two options.

Jerome comments on the Holy Spirit and fire aspect of this passage saying, "Either the Holy Ghost Himself is a fire, as we learn from the Acts, when there sat as it were fire on the tongues of the believers; and thus the word of the Lord was fulfilled who said, I am come to send fire on the earth, I will that it burn. (Luke 12:49.) Or, we are baptized now with the Spirit, hereafter with fire; as the Apostle speaks, Fire shall try every man’s work, of what sort it is. (1 Cor. 3:13.)"

Rabanus Maurus says, "As though he had said, I indeed am mighty to invite to repentance, He to forgive sins; I to preach the kingdom of heaven, He to bestow it; I to baptize with water, He with the Spirit."

## Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this verse are:

## Commentary from the Church Fathers

Glossa Ordinaria: As in the preceding words John had explained more at length what he had shortly preached in the words, Repent ye, so now follows a more full enlargement of the words, The kingdom of heaven is at hand.

Gregory the Great: John baptizes not with the Spirit but with water, because he had no power to forgive sins; he washes the body with water, but not at the same time the soul with pardon of sin.

Chrysostom: For while as yet the sacrifice had not been offered, nor remission of sin sent, nor the Spirit had descended on the water, how could sin be forgiven? But since the Jews never perceived their own sin, and this was the cause of all their evils, John came to bring them to a sense of them by calling them to repentance.

Gregory the Great: Why then does he baptize who could not remit sin, but that he may preserve in all things the office of forerunner? As his birth had preceded Christ's birth, so his baptism should precede the Lord's baptism.

Pseudo-Chrysostom: Or, John was sent to baptize, that to such as came to his baptism he might announce the presence among them of the Lord in the flesh, as himself testifies in another place, That He might be manifested to Israel, therefore am I come to baptise with water. (John 1:31.)

Augustine: Or, he baptizes, because it behoved Christ to be baptized. But if indeed John was sent only to baptize Christ, why was not He alone baptized by John? Because had the Lord alone been baptized by John, there would not have lacked who should insist that John's baptism was greater than Christ's, inasmuch as Christ alone had the merit to be baptized by it.

Rabanus Maurus: Or, by this sign of baptism he separates the penitent from the impenitent, and directs them to the baptism of Christ.

Pseudo-Chrysostom: Because then he baptized on account of Christ, therefore to them who came to him for baptism he preached that Christ should come, signifying the eminence of His power in the words, He who cometh after me is mightier than I.

Saint Remigius: There are five points in which Christ comes after John, His birth, preaching, baptism, death, and descent into hell. A beautiful expression is that, mightier than I, because he is mere man, the other is God and man.

Rabanus Maurus: As though he had said, I indeed am mighty to invite to repentance, He to forgive sins; I to preach the kingdom of heaven, He to bestow it; I to baptize with water, He with the Spirit.

Chrysostom: When you hear for He is mightier than I, do not suppose this to be said by way of comparison, for I am not worthy to be numbered among his servants, that I might undertake the lowest office.

Hilary of Poitiers: Leaving to the Apostles the glory of bearing about the Gospel, to whose beautiful feet was due the carrying the tidings of God's peace.

Pseudo-Chrysostom: Or, by the feet of Christ we may understand Christians, especially the Apostles, and other preachers, among whom was John Baptist; and the shoes are the infirmities with which he loads the preachers. These shoes all Christ's preachers wear; and John also wore them; but declares himself unworthy, that he might show the grace of Christ, and be greater than his deserts.

Jerome: In the other Gospels it is, whose shoe latchet I am not worthy to loose. Here his humility, there his ministry is intended; Christ is the Bridegroom, and John is not worthy to loose the Bridegroom's shoe, that his house be not called according to the Law of Moses and the example of Ruth, The house of him that hath his shoe loosed. (Deut. 25:10.)

Jerome: Either the Holy Ghost Himself is a fire, as we learn from the Acts, when there sat as it were fire on the tongues of the believers; and thus the word of the Lord was fulfilled who said, I am come to send fire on the earth, I will that it burn. (Luke 12:49.) Or, we are baptized now with the Spirit, hereafter with fire; as the Apostle speaks, Fire shall try every man's work, of what sort it ise. (1 Cor. 3:13.)

Chrysostom: He does not say, shall give you the Holy Ghost, but shall baptize you in the Holy Ghost, showing in metaphor the abundance of the grace. fThis further shows, that even under the faith there is need of the will alone for justification, not of labours and toilings; and even as easy a thing as it is to be baptized, even so easy a thing it is to be changed and made better. By fire he signifies the strength of grace which cannot be overcome, and that it may be understood that He makes His own people at once like to the great and old prophets, most of the prophetic visions were by fire.

Hilary of Poitiers: He marks the time of our salvation and judgment in the Lord; those who are baptized in the Holy Ghost it remains that they be consummated by the fire of judgment.

| Preceded by
**Matthew 3:10** | **Gospel of Matthew
Chapter 3** | Succeeded by
**Matthew 3:12** |
| --- | --- | --- |

## InfoBox

| Matthew 3:11 | |
| --- | --- |
| 3:103:12 | |
| Francesco Zuccarelli's *Saint John the Baptist Preaching* (circa 1735–1745). | |
| Book | Gospel of Matthew |
| Christian Bible part | New Testament |


title: Paul Marion (university administrator)

abstract: Paul B. Marion, Jr. is an American university administrator and academic. During his long career in university administration, he served as director of higher education for the State of Arkansas, chancellor of the State College System of West Virginia, and presidents of the Pennsylvania Association of Colleges and Universities, Franklin College in Indiana and Tiffin University in Ohio.

text:
# Paul Marion (university administrator)

**Paul B. Marion, Jr.** is an American university administrator and academic. During his long career in university administration, he served as director of higher education for the State of Arkansas, chancellor of the State College System of West Virginia, and presidents of the Pennsylvania Association of Colleges and Universities, Franklin College in Indiana and Tiffin University in Ohio.

## Early life

Marion is from Charlotte, North Carolina. He earned his bachelor of arts degree from Davidson College, a master of arts degree from California State University at Fresno, and a doctorate from the University of Colorado at Boulder.

## Career

Between 1968 and 1978, Marion held several administrative positions at California State University at Fresno, the World Campus Afloat (now Semester at Sea), the University of Colorado at Boulder, and North Carolina State University. He served as assistant vice president of the General Administration of the University of North Carolina system from 1978 until 1983, when he was named associate vice president of the institution.

Beginning in 1985, Marion served as the director of higher education for the State of Arkansas. In May 1990, he was selected to become chancellor of the State College System of West Virginia. As chancellor, Marion was head of ten institutions, which then included Bluefield State College, Concord College, Fairmont State College, Glenville State College, Shepherd College, Southern West Virginia Community College, West Liberty State College, West Virginia Tech, West Virginia Northern Community College, and West Virginia State College.

In 1993, he was appointed the president of the Pennsylvania Association of Colleges and Universities. The organization represented 116 public and private colleges and universities in Pennsylvania. Marion also taught courses at several universities, was a member of several professional associations, national and state boards and commissions, published articles in academic journals, and made many presentations at national, regional, and state higher education conferences.

In 1997, Marion was appointed the 14th president of Franklin College in Franklin, Indiana. Marion served as Franklin College’s president for five years in which he was able to increase student enrollment by twenty-seven percent and reorganize the departmental structure of the school, among his other accomplishments, before departing June 2002.

In July 2002, he became the fourth president of Tiffin University in Tiffin, Ohio. During his tenure, enrollment increased from 1,500 to more than 4,200 students, new facilities were constructed, several new academic programs were added, and the university joined the NCAA Division II and the Great Lakes Athletic Conference. In October 2014, Marion announced that he would retire at the end of the school year in summer 2015, after serving at the university for thirteen years. In 2016, the University dedicated the Marion Center in honor of the now-former university president and his wife.

## Personal life

Marion is married to Susan Marion, a former elementary and later high school teacher. They have two daughters; Martha Marion, an actor and voice actor in Los Angeles, California, and Katherine Marion, an executive at Lyft, Inc. After their retirement, they planned on moving to Tucson, Arizona.

## InfoBox

| Paul Marion | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| 4th President of Tiffin University | |
| **In office**
July 1, 2002 (2002-07-01)  June 30, 2015 (2015-06-30) | |
| Preceded by | George Kidd, Jr. |
| Succeeded by | Curtis B. Charles |
| 14th President of Franklin College (Indiana) | |
| **In office**
September 1, 1997 (1997-09-01)  June 30, 2002 (2002-06-30) | |
| Preceded by | William Bryan Martin |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Spouse | Susan Marion |
| Education | Davidson College, BA
California State University at Fresno, MA
University of Colorado Boulder, Ph.D. |
| Profession | College administrator, Academic |
|  | |


title: Phillimore Place

abstract: Phillimore Place is a street in Kensington, London. Phillimore Place runs from its junction with Phillimore Gardens in the south-west to Argyll Road in the north-east. Phillimore Place formed part of the Phillimore estate, inherited by William Phillimore in 1779. The late Georgian houses were built from 1788 to 1816, largely designed by William Porden. The author Kenneth Grahame lived at no.16 from 1901 to 1908, and there is a blue plaque there in his honour. In 1955, Bernard Williams, Shirley Williams, Helge Rubinstein and Hilary Rubinstein, bought a four-storey, seven-bedroom house in the street for £6,800, and lived there together for 14 years.

text:
# Phillimore Place

**Phillimore Place** is a street in Kensington, London.

Phillimore Place runs from its junction with Phillimore Gardens in the south-west to Argyll Road in the north-east.

Phillimore Place formed part of the Phillimore estate, inherited by William Phillimore in 1779. The late Georgian houses were built from 1788 to 1816, largely designed by William Porden.

The author Kenneth Grahame lived at no.16 from 1901 to 1908, and there is a blue plaque there in his honour.

In 1955, Bernard Williams, Shirley Williams, Helge Rubinstein and Hilary Rubinstein, bought a four-storey, seven-bedroom house in the street for £6,800, and lived there together for 14 years.

51°30′06″N 0°11′52″W / 51.50159°N 0.19771°W / 51.50159; -0.19771


title: Hypotacha pulla

abstract: Hypotacha pulla is a species of moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in Namibia.

text:
# Hypotacha pulla

***Hypotacha pulla*** is a species of moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in Namibia.

## InfoBox

| *Hypotacha pulla* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Genus: | *Hypotacha* |
| Species: | ***H. pulla*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hypotacha pulla***<br>Kühne, 2004 | |
|


title: North Pacific frostfish

abstract: The North Pacific frostfish, Benthodesmus pacificus, is a cutlassfish of the family Trichiuridae found in the north Pacific Ocean between latitudes 50° N and 30° N at depths of 100–1,000 metres (330–3,280 ft). Its length is up to 112 centimetres (44 in).

text:
# North Pacific frostfish

The **North Pacific frostfish**, *Benthodesmus pacificus*, is a cutlassfish of the family Trichiuridae found in the north Pacific Ocean between latitudes 50° N and 30° N at depths of 100–1,000 metres (330–3,280 ft). Its length is up to 112 centimetres (44 in).

* Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "*Benthodesmus pacificus*". *FishBase*. May 2006 version.
* Tony Ayling & Geoffrey Cox, *Collins Guide to the Sea Fishes of New Zealand*, (William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1982) ISBN 0-00-216987-8

## InfoBox

| North Pacific frostfish | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
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| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Scombriformes |
| Family: | Trichiuridae |
| Genus: | *Benthodesmus* |
| Species: | ***B. pacificus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Benthodesmus pacificus***<br>Parin & Becker, 1970 | |
|


title: Morris Institute Dairy Barn

abstract: The Morris Institute Dairy Barn was a historic barn in rural White County, Arkansas. It was located on the campus of the Morris Institute, northwest of Searcy off Arkansas Highway 320. It was a two-story wood-frame structure, with a gable roof that was extended over a single-story extension on one side. Its internal arrangement was unusual, with a central drive that was intersected at one point by another drive extending into the shed section. Built about 1930, it was the county's best example of a Depression-era dairy barn. The barn was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. It has been listed as destroyed in the Arkansas Historic Preservation Program database.

text:
# Morris Institute Dairy Barn

The **Morris Institute Dairy Barn** was a historic barn in rural White County, Arkansas. It was located on the campus of the Morris Institute, northwest of Searcy off Arkansas Highway 320. It was a two-story wood-frame structure, with a gable roof that was extended over a single-story extension on one side. Its internal arrangement was unusual, with a central drive that was intersected at one point by another drive extending into the shed section. Built about 1930, it was the county's best example of a Depression-era dairy barn.

The barn was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. It has been listed as destroyed in the Arkansas Historic Preservation Program database.

## InfoBox

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| Morris Institute Dairy Barn | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Location in ArkansasLocation in United States | |
| Nearest city | Crosby, Arkansas |
| Coordinates | 35°16′31″N 91°52′1″W / 35.27528°N 91.86694°W / 35.27528; -91.86694 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Architectural style | Plain traditional dairy barn |
| MPS | White County MPS |
| NRHP reference No. | 91001332 |
| Added to NRHP | July 20, 1992 |