title: Xylaria terricola

abstract: Xylaria terricola is a species of terrestrial fungus known from tropical Asia. It produces an asexual branching structure with a single stem as an anamorph and no teleomorph or sexual state has been recorded. While other Xylaria species have been found to have termitophilous associations, there is no evidence of X. terricola being in any such association and grows out of soil. The species was described from Taiwan in 2017 as arising from the soil with a main axis to about 2-5 cm height. There is repeated branching of the structures ending in gray conidium bearing parts. The stipe is black and glabrous with the interior gray to brown. The species is known only from the anamorph and no teleomorphic structures have been observed. The stromata resemble that of Xyloroemium flabelliformis and while most Xylaria produce anamorph and teleomorphs from the same stromata, it has been suggested that the teleomorph may possibly arise from separate stromata as in Xyloroemium. Several Xylaria species are known to be associated with termite nests, growing from the fungus combs of the termites, but many grow on rotting wood and other substrates. No specific substrate was traceable in Xylaria terricola and it appears to grow in soil. The termitophilic Xylaria species are placed in the subgenus Pseudoxylaria. DNA sequence analysis places Xylaria terricola within the termitophile clade.

text:
# Xylaria terricola

***Xylaria terricola*** is a species of terrestrial fungus known from tropical Asia. It produces an asexual branching structure with a single stem as an anamorph and no teleomorph or sexual state has been recorded. While other *Xylaria* species have been found to have termitophilous associations, there is no evidence of *X. terricola* being in any such association and grows out of soil.

The species was described from Taiwan in 2017 as arising from the soil with a main axis to about 2-5 cm height. There is repeated branching of the structures ending in gray conidium bearing parts. The stipe is black and glabrous with the interior gray to brown. The species is known only from the anamorph and no teleomorphic structures have been observed. The stromata resemble that of *Xyloroemium flabelliformis* and while most *Xylaria* produce anamorph and teleomorphs from the same stromata, it has been suggested that the teleomorph may possibly arise from separate stromata as in *Xyloroemium*. Several *Xylaria* species are known to be associated with termite nests, growing from the fungus combs of the termites, but many grow on rotting wood and other substrates. No specific substrate was traceable in *Xylaria terricola* and it appears to grow in soil. The termitophilic *Xylaria* species are placed in the subgenus *Pseudoxylaria*. DNA sequence analysis places *Xylaria terricola* within the termitophile clade.

## InfoBox

| *Xylaria terricola* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Anamorph from the Western Ghats, India | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Sordariomycetes |
| Order: | Xylariales |
| Family: | Xylariaceae |
| Genus: | *Xylaria* |
| Species: | ***X. terricola*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Xylaria terricola***<br>Ju, Hsieh & Chou, 2017 | |
|


title: Musée Toulouse-Lautrec

abstract: The Musée Toulouse-Lautrec is an art museum in Albi, southern France, dedicated mainly to the work of the painter Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec who was born in Albi. The 13th-century building was originally the Bishop's Palace of Albi Cathedral, next to it. It is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site that includes the cathedral.

text:
# Musée Toulouse-Lautrec

The **Musée Toulouse-Lautrec** is an art museum in Albi, southern France, dedicated mainly to the work of the painter Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec who was born in Albi. The 13th-century building was originally the Bishop's Palace of Albi Cathedral, next to it. It is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site that includes the cathedral.

## The Bishop's Palace

The Bishop's Palace, or Palais épiscopal de la Berbi, was originally the residence of the bishop of Albi Cathedral, located next to the museum. It is included in the same UNESCO historical site as the cathedral. The Bishop's palace was begun before the Cathedral itself, by Bishop Durand de Beaucaire (bishop from 1228–1254). It was built with the features of a fortress during the period when the Catholic Church was at war with the a heretical sect called the Cathars, which originated in Albi.

Bishop de Combret, the next resident, further fortified his palace by connecting it to the Cathedral tower, twenty-five meters away. He added bastions and a machicoulis over the entrance, to drop heavy objects or boiling water on any attackers. The next owner, Bishop De Castanet, built a new wall around it and added Saint Catherine tower, which he linked to one of the towers of the cathedral.

Later Bishops modified the palace by adding a new residence, a chapel and a French-style garden. and filled the interior with mosaics and art. In 1905, when the Cathedral and its properties were officially nationalised, and the Palace was given to the city of Albi for use as a museum.

## The Toulouse-Lautrec Museum

In 1922 the museum received an important collection of works by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, donated by his mother. The collection includes his last painting, *Examination at the School of Medicine*, from 1901.

The museum houses over a thousand works by and about Toulouse-Lautrec. It is based on a donation by Toulouse-Lautrec's mother after his death in 1901.

## Bibliography

* Sire, Marie-Anne (2013). *Cathédrale Saint-Cécile d'Albi* (in French). Centre des monuments nationaux, Éditions du patrimoine. ISBN 978-2-7577-0263-5.

43°55′45″N 2°08′35″E / 43.92917°N 2.14306°E / 43.92917; 2.14306


title: Megacrania

abstract: Megacrania is a genus of the subfamily Megacraniinae of stick insects. Members of this genus are commonly referred to as "peppermint stick insects", due to the characteristic odor of their defensive spray, as well as the cylindrical, twig-like shape of their bodies. These unusual insects are notable for their aposematic coloration, as well as their robust chemical defense mechanism. This mechanism consists of an irritating fluid — with an odor resembling peppermint — that they spray from a pair of scent glands located at the prothorax when threatened. This fluid is irritating or painful when inhaled or absorbed through mucous membranes, and is an effective deterrent against many arthropod, reptilian and avian predators.

text:
# Megacrania

***Megacrania*** is a genus of the subfamily Megacraniinae of stick insects. Members of this genus are commonly referred to as "peppermint stick insects", due to the characteristic odor of their defensive spray, as well as the cylindrical, twig-like shape of their bodies.

These unusual insects are notable for their aposematic coloration, as well as their robust chemical defense mechanism. This mechanism consists of an irritating fluid — with an odor resembling peppermint — that they spray from a pair of scent glands located at the prothorax when threatened. This fluid is irritating or painful when inhaled or absorbed through mucous membranes, and is an effective deterrent against many arthropod, reptilian and avian predators.

## Taxonomy

This genus was first described by Johann Jakob Kaup in 1871. After an exhaustive study, the genus *Megacrania* was revised in 2007. Among other revisions, *M. batesii* was removed from synonymy with *M. alpheus*. There are now 12 known species within the genus:

The genus *Megacrania* was further revised in 2020, when it was transferred from subfamily Platycraninae to subfamily Megacraniinae (palm stick insects). The two tribes (Platycranini and Stephanacridini) within the former subfamily, Platycraninae, have been determined to be not closely related to the Megacraniinae.

## InfoBox

| *Megacrania* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Adults mating at Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Phasmatodea |
| Family: | Phasmatidae |
| Subfamily: | Megacraniinae |
| Genus: | *Megacrania*<br>Kaup, 1871 |
|


title: New North Zone

abstract: New North Zone is an economic administrative zone in north Chongqing, China. It covers a land area of 130 square kilometres (50 sq mi). It was established in 2002 to include Chongqing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Chongqing High-Tech Industrial Development Zone and Chongqing Export Processing Trade Zone. Chongqing Economic and Technological Development Zone was established in 1993. It covers an area of 9.6 square kilometres. The pillar industries in the zone include information and electronics, bio-pharmaceuticals, automobiles and motorcycles, refined chemicals and new materials, green food, and garments. Many international enterprises set up their factories in the zone.

text:
# New North Zone

**New North Zone** (simplified Chinese: 北部新区; traditional Chinese: 北部新區; pinyin: *Běibù Xīn Qū*) is an economic administrative zone in north Chongqing, China. It covers a land area of 130 square kilometres (50 sq mi). It was established in 2002 to include **Chongqing Economic and Technological Development Zone**, Chongqing High-Tech Industrial Development Zone and Chongqing Export Processing Trade Zone.

Chongqing Economic and Technological Development Zone was established in 1993. It covers an area of 9.6 square kilometres. The pillar industries in the zone include information and electronics, bio-pharmaceuticals, automobiles and motorcycles, refined chemicals and new materials, green food, and garments. Many international enterprises set up their factories in the zone.


title: Rolling stock of the Romanian Railways

text:
# Rolling stock of the Romanian Railways

Căile Ferate Române was the state railway carrier of Romania.

## Electric Locomotives

| Designation | Producer | Power output (kW) | UIC wheel arrangement | Top speed | Building years | Notes | Image |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Class 40
(060–EA) | Electroputere | 5100 kW (6600 kW) | Co'Co' | 120 km/h (160 km/h) | 1965–1991 | Used for passenger and freight services. |  |
| Class 41
(060–EA–1) | Electroputere | 5100 kW | Co'Co' | 160 km/h | 1966–1991 | Same as class 40, but with higher top speed and small improvements. |  |
| Class 42 | Electroputere | 5100 kW | Co'Co' | 200 km/h | 1977 | 2 ever built, for speed tests: EA2 122 and EA2 302 |  |
| Class 43
(040–EC) | Končar | 3400 kW | Bo'Bo' | 120 km/h | 1973–1984 |  |  |
| Class 44
(040–EC1) | Končar | 3400 kW | Bo’Bo’ | 160 km/h | 1973–1984 | Same as class 43, but with higher top speed and small improvements. |  |
| Class 45 | Electroputere - Siemens | 5100 kW | Co'Co' | 160 km/h | 1999-2000 | Heavily modernised class 41 locomotives, with new bogies, gears, control systems and brakes. First CFR locomotives to use computerised traction control. 24 units currently in service, 20 are converted from class 41. |  |
| Class 46 | Končar and Softronic | 3840 kW | Bo'Bo' | 160 km/h | 1999-2001 | Heavily modernised class 43/44 locomotives |  |
| Class 47 | Electroputere - Softronic | 6600 kW | Co'Co' | 120 km/h (160 km/h) | 2006–present | Modernized from Class 40 and 41 for heavy freight loads (series 470/474). Some passenger versions also exist (series 477). They have the same aspect as class 46. They are nicknamed The Dolphin (from Romanian - Delfinul). |  |
| Class 48 (Transmontana) | Softronic | 6600 kW | Co'Co' | 200 km/h | 2011–present | Softronic's demontstrator unit, which was bought by CFR in 2011. |  |

## Diesel Locomotives

| Designation | Type | Power output (kW) | AAR wheel arrangement | Top speed | Building years | Notes | Image |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Class 60
(060 DA) | Diesel electric | 1546 kW (1700 kW) | Co'Co' | 100 km/h | 1959–1981 | The first Romanian diesel electric locomotive was from this class. |  |
| Class 62
(060 DA1) | Diesel electric | 1546 kW | Co'Co' | 120 km/h | 1966–1981 | Improved version of class 60. |  |
| Class 66 (ex Class 63) | Diesel electric | 1582 kW | Co'Co' | 120 km/h | 2000–present | Modernised version of class 62 (includes electrical train heating and turbocharged 2 stroke,V8, Electro-Motive Diesel 8-710G diesel engine). |  |
| Class 64 (ex Class 65) | Diesel electric | 1582 kW | Co'Co' | 100 km/h | 2004–present | Modernised version of class 60 (includes Electrical Train Heating and turbocharged 2, V8, Electro-Motive Diesel 8-710G diesel engine). |  |
| Class 67/68 | Diesel electric | 1546 kW | Co'Co' | 100 km/h | 1959–1988 | Same as class 60, but uses broad gauge (1520 mm) for railways near the Moldavian and Ukrainian borders. |  |
| Class 69
(040–DF) | Diesel electric | 920 kW | Bo'Bo' | 100 km/h | 1975–1977 | 10 units used by CFR, 17 others used by different operators. |  |
| Class 73 | Diesel electric | 920 kW | Bo'Bo' | 100 km/h | 1975–1977 | Same as class 69 but with two air compressors. 10 currently in use on the Oravita - Anina line, given their smaller turning radius. |  |
| Class 80 | Diesel hydraulic | 920 kW | B'B' | 100 km/h | 1966–1985 | Uses steam to provide train heating. Mainly used as shunter in railway stations. |  |
| Class 81
(LDH1250) | Diesel hydraulic | 920 kW | B'B' | 100 km/h | 1966–1985 | Same as class 80, but with no train heating. |  |
| Class 82 | Diesel hydraulic | 1104 kW | B'B' | 100 km/h | 1999–Present | Based on classes 80/81, modenized by Alstom and equipped with Caterpillar engine. 20 currently in use with other being modernized. |  |
| Class 83 | Diesel hydraulic | 1104 kW | B'B' | 100 km/h | 1998 | Same as class 80, but with MTU.2 engine. |  |
| Class 84 (old) | Diesel hydraulic | 920 kW | B'B' | 100 km/h | 1998 | Used on broad railways. |  |
| Class 84 (Subclass 841) | Diesel hydraulic | 1000 kW | B'B' | 100 km/h | 2009–Present | Classes 80/81 modernized by Remarul (Carpathia 1300 DH-M) for freight services. Classified as class 84, although old version class 84 locomotives still exist. |  |
| Class 85 | Diesel hydraulic |  | B'B' | 40 km/h | 1979–1984 | Used for narrow gauge services. |  |  |
| Class 86 | Diesel hydraulic | 331 kW | B'B' | 70 km/h | 1979–1985 |  |  |
| Class 87 (L45H) | Diesel hydraulic | 330 kW | B'B' | 40 km/h | 1979–1984 |  |  |
| Class 88 | Diesel mechanical shunter | 184 kW | B | 40 km/h | 1981–1984 |  |  |
| Class 89 | Diesel hydraulic | 920 kW | B'B' | 100 km/h | 2005–present |  |  |
| Class 95 | Diesel mechanical shunter | 88 kW | B | 55 km/h | 1935–1950 |  |  |

## Electric Multiple Unit

| Designation | Producer | Power output (kW) | Maximum speed | Building years | Image |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Class 55/56/57
(080-TEA) | Electroputere, IVA Arad | 1870 kW | 120 km/h | 1974, 1984–1986 |  |
| Class 58
(Z 6100) | Alstom | 690 kW | 120 km/h | 1965–1975 |  |

## Diesel Multiple Unit

| Designation | Producer | Power output (kW) | Top speed | Building years | Notes | Image |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Class 76 | MAN | 331 kW | 120 km/h | 1964–1968 |  |  |
| Class 76 | MAN | 754 kW | 120 km/h | 1972–1975 | Refurbished at Remarul 16 Februarie |  |
| Class 77 | Malaxa | 88 kW | 70 km/h | 1935–1942 |  |  |
| Class 78 | Malaxa | 162 kW (324 kW) | 80 km/h (100 km/h) | 1939–1954 | This type has been produced in two different versions, a 1, 162 kW unit and a 2, 324 kW unit capable of speeds up to 100 km/h. |  |
| Class 79 | Waggon- und Maschinenbau Görlitz | 132 kW | 90 km/h | 1960–1977 | Rebuilt at MARUB Brașov |  |
| Class 91/92 | Duewag, Waggon Union, AEG | 485 kW | 120 km/h | 1986–1996 | Former Class 98, bought from DB |  |
| Class 96 | Siemens Mobility | 550 kW | 120 km/h | 2003–2007 | Nicknamed "*Săgeata Albastră*" (The Blue Arrow) |  |
|


title: Peter Primrose

abstract:
Peter Thomas Primrose is an Australian politician. He has been a Labor Party member of the New South Wales Legislative Council since 1996. He has served in various portfolios including Shadow Minister for Local Government, Shadow Minister for Regional Roads, Shadow Minister for Innovation and Better Regulation, Shadow Minister for Finance, Shadow Minister of State and Shadow Minister Assisting the Leader on Western Sydney. He was also the President of the Legislative Council, Minister for Disability Services and Minister for Youth among other portfolios. Primrose was previously the Labor member for Camden in the Legislative Assembly from 1988 to 1991, and was unsuccessful in regaining the seat at the 1995 election. After Primrose graduated from the University of Sydney with a Bachelor of Social Studies, he worked as a social worker with the Red Cross Welfare Service before working for the NSW Departments of Health, Youth and Community Services and as an adviser to the Commonwealth Minister for Consumer Affairs.
He served on Campbelltown City Council from 1980 to 1991, including a term as Mayor; and for five years as Chair of the Macarthur Health Services Board.

text:
# Peter Primrose

**Peter Thomas Primrose** (born 26 September 1955) is an Australian politician.

He has been a Labor Party member of the New South Wales Legislative Council since 1996. He has served in various portfolios including Shadow Minister for Local Government, Shadow Minister for Regional Roads, Shadow Minister for Innovation and Better Regulation, Shadow Minister for Finance, Shadow Minister of State and Shadow Minister Assisting the Leader on Western Sydney. He was also the President of the Legislative Council (8 May 2007 – 17 November 2009), Minister for Disability Services (2 March 2010 – 28 March 2011) and Minister for Youth (8 December 2009 – 28 March 2011) among other portfolios.

Primrose was previously the Labor member for Camden in the Legislative Assembly from 1988 to 1991, and was unsuccessful in regaining the seat at the 1995 election.

After Primrose graduated from the University of Sydney with a Bachelor of Social Studies, he worked as a social worker with the Red Cross Welfare Service before working for the NSW Departments of Health, Youth and Community Services and as an adviser to the Commonwealth Minister for Consumer Affairs. He served on Campbelltown City Council from 1980 to 1991, including a term as Mayor; and for five years as Chair of the Macarthur Health Services Board.

## InfoBox

| The HonourablePeter PrimroseMLC | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| President of the New South Wales Legislative Council | |
| **In office**
8 May 2007  17 November 2009 | |
| Preceded by | Meredith Burgmann |
| Succeeded by | Amanda Fazio |
| Member of New South Wales Legislative Council | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
17 April 1996 | |
| Member of Parliament
for Camden | |
| **In office**
19881991 | |
| Preceded by | John Fahey |
| Succeeded by | Liz Kernohan |
| Alderman of City of Campbelltown | |
| **In office**
1980–1991 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1955-09-26) 26 September 1955 |
| Political party | Labor Party |
| Spouse | Jan |
| Alma mater | University of Sydney |
| Website | www.peterprimrose.com.au |
|  | |


title: Robiquetia cerina

abstract: Robiquetia cerina is a species of Orchid endemic to the Philippines. It is a epiphytic subshrub that typically grows in the wet tropical biome.

text:
# Robiquetia cerina

***Robiquetia cerina*** is a species of Orchid endemic to the Philippines. It is a epiphytic subshrub that typically grows in the wet tropical biome.

## InfoBox

| *Robiquetia cerina* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Flowers of *Robiquetia cerina* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
| Genus: | *Robiquetia* |
| Species: | ***R. cerina*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Robiquetia cerina***<br>(Rchb.f.) Garay | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Pinch runner

abstract: In baseball or softball, a pinch runner is a player substituted into a game for the purpose of base running.

text:
# Pinch runner

In baseball or softball, a **pinch runner** is a player substituted into a game for the purpose of base running.

## Description

A pinch runner may be faster or otherwise more skilled at base running than the player for whom the pinch runner has been substituted. Occasionally, a pinch runner is inserted for other reasons (such as a double switch, ejection, or if the original player on base has become injured). For statistical and scorekeeping purposes, the pinch runner is denoted by **PR**.

As with all substitutions at most levels of baseball, when a player is pinch run for, that player is removed from the game. Some leagues, especially for youths, may allow substituted players to re-enter a game. After serving as a pinch runner, a player may remain in the game and assume a defensive position, or may be substituted for at the manager's discretion.

## Use in Major League Baseball

In the early history of professional baseball, the National League, which began play in 1876, changed a rule in 1878 such that pinch runners were not allowed except in cases of illness or injury, with the substitute entering the game after the original player reached base. Later rule changes allowed for pinch runners at a manager's discretion.

A pinch runner is not credited with a game played for the purpose of consecutive-game playing streaks, per the Official Rules used by Major League Baseball (MLB). For example, in May 1984, Alfredo Griffin of the Toronto Blue Jays scored the winning run in a game, yet his consecutive game streak ended as he appeared only as a pinch runner.

One of the most famous pinch runners in major-league history was Herb Washington of the Oakland Athletics. Oakland owner Charlie Finley, known as an unconventional thinker, came to believe that it would be useful to have a "designated runner"—a fast player on the roster whose only job was to periodically enter a game and run the bases for slower players. He signed Washington, a track star with no baseball experience. Washington appeared in 105 games for the Athletics in 1974 and 1975, scoring 33 runs and stealing 31 bases, without once playing the field or coming up to bat. His 1975 Topps baseball card is the only baseball card known to use a "Pinch Runner" position label.

Outfielder Dave Roberts made a notable appearance as a pinch runner in the bottom the ninth inning of Game 4 of the 2004 American League Championship Series, stealing a base and going on to score the tying run in a game the Boston Red Sox went on to win in 12 innings, leading to a series victory over the New York Yankees.

As of 2023, MLB was considering allowing teams to have a "designated runner". The Atlantic League of Professional Baseball, an official MLB Partner League, tested rules for a designated runner in 2023. As described by BallparkDigest.com, the rules for a designated runner were:

> Each club will list a player who is not otherwise in the starting lineup as a designated pinch runner. That player may then be substituted at any point into the game as a baserunner. The player who is substituted for, as well as the pinch runner, may then return to the game without penalty.

### Courtesy runners

Between 1877 and 1949, major-league teams occasionally used "courtesy runners" in addition to pinch runners. A baserunner that had to leave the game temporarily, due to injury or an equipment issue, could be replaced by a courtesy runner. The courtesy runner could be a player who had not yet appeared in the game (in which case, the courtesy runner could still be used later as a substitute) or could be a player already in the game (in which case, that player's position in the batting order was not affected). The player who had to leave was free to rejoin the game when his team returned to the field defensively, although in some cases, an injury proved to be serious enough that he was replaced by a substitute. The last use of a courtesy runner in the major leagues was in 1949.

An example of a courtesy runner occurred in a game between the Detroit Tigers and St. Louis Browns during the 1944 season, on August 31. In the second inning, Detroit right fielder Jimmy Outlaw was hit in the head by a pitch, leaving him temporarily unconscious. With permission of the St. Louis manager, Detroit first baseman Rudy York, who had made the first out of the inning, ran for Outlaw. After Detroit finished batting that half-inning, both Outlaw (who had "recovered shortly") and York returned to their defensive positions and played the rest of the game.

The Official Rules used by MLB now forbid courtesy runners.

### Mid-play runners

During major-league history, there have been a few instances of "mid-play runners". This is a rare situation where the Official Rules allow an injured baserunner to be substituted, and play then resumes. Two known instances—occurring in 1977 and 2005—occurred when a baserunner entitled to score was injured such that he had to be removed from the game, and a substitute was allowed to enter the game to finish the base running and score the run. A similar instance, which occurred in 2008 but did not involve injury, occurred due to a replay review that turned an apparent single, following which the batter was replaced by a pinch runner, into a home run—the pinch runner then ran out the home run to score the run.

### Some players known primarily as pinch runners


title: Mustapha Aga

abstract: Kozbekçi Mustafa Ağa, known as Mustapha Aga in Sweden, was an Ottoman ambassador to the Swedish court in 1727. One of his missions was to obtain a repayment of a royal debt which had been incurred by Charles XII of Sweden, but he failed in his mission. He was painted smoking nargile by George Engelhardt Schroeder (1684–1750). He was succeeded by Yirmisekizzade Mehmed Said Efendi in his role as ambassador.

text:
# Mustapha Aga

**Kozbekçi Mustafa Ağa**, known as **Mustapha Aga** in Sweden, was an Ottoman ambassador to the Swedish court in 1727. One of his missions was to obtain a repayment of a royal debt which had been incurred by Charles XII of Sweden, but he failed in his mission. He was painted smoking nargile by George Engelhardt Schroeder (1684–1750).

He was succeeded by Yirmisekizzade Mehmed Said Efendi in his role as ambassador.

* Colin Imber, Keiko Kiyotaki, Rhoads Murphey *Frontiers of Ottoman studies: state, province, and the West* I.B.Tauris, 2005 ISBN 1-85043-664-9


title: Musikmarkt

abstract: Musikmarkt was a magazine of the music industry in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, based in Munich. Die Welt, a German newspaper, described the magazine as the music industry’s thermometer.

text:
# Musikmarkt

***Musikmarkt*** was a magazine of the music industry in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, based in Munich. *Die Welt*, a German newspaper, described the magazine as the music industry’s thermometer.

## History and profile

*Musikmarkt* was established by publisher Josef Keller Verlag in 1959. Uwe Lencher served as the editor-in-chief of the magazine for 23 years from 1973 to his death in April 1996. The magazine had its headquarters in Munich. The magazine was started as a bi-monthly publication. Then it was published weekly until 2014 when its frequency was switched to monthly.

*Musikmarkt* determined the official German charts from its start in 1959 to the 1970s, when Media Control assumed the responsibility. The magazine also contained the weekly Top-100 charts for singles and albums when it was published on a weekly basis. The magazine and its website were both closed down in July 2016. Stefan Zarges was the last editor of the magazine.

## Circulation

Under the editorship of Uwe Lencher the circulation of *Musikmarkt* was nearly 12,000 copies, making it a significant publication for German entertainment industry. It was 4,370 copies when it was shut down in 2016.


title: Johnny Thompson (cricketer)

abstract: Johnny Thompson is an Irish cricketer. He made his List A debut for North West Warriors in the 2017 Inter-Provincial Cup on 1 May 2017. He made his Twenty20 cricket debut for North West Warriors in the 2017 Inter-Provincial Trophy on 26 May 2017. He made his first-class debut for North West Warriors in the 2017 Inter-Provincial Championship on 20 June 2017.

text:
# Johnny Thompson (cricketer)

**Johnny Thompson** (born 8 June 1983) is an Irish cricketer. He made his List A debut for North West Warriors in the 2017 Inter-Provincial Cup on 1 May 2017. He made his Twenty20 cricket debut for North West Warriors in the 2017 Inter-Provincial Trophy on 26 May 2017. He made his first-class debut for North West Warriors in the 2017 Inter-Provincial Championship on 20 June 2017.

## InfoBox

Johnny Thompson
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Jonathan Thompson |
| Born | (1983-06-08) 8 June 1983 |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 2017–present | North West Warriors |
|  | |
| FC debut | 20 June 2017 North West v Leinster |
| LA debut | 1 May 2017 North West v Leinster |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition FC LA T20  Matches 3 3 4  Runs scored 38 85 86  Batting average 7.60 42.50 28.66  100s/50s 0/0 0/1 0/0  Top score 25 51 39  Balls bowled 222 132 60  Wickets 4 2 4  Bowling average 34.75 59.50 19.00  5 wickets in innings 0 0 0  10 wickets in match 0 0 0  Best bowling 3/61 2/46 2/19  Catches/stumpings 1/– 1/– 2/– | |
|  | |
| Source: ESPNcricinfo, 31 August 2017 | |


title: Musée Thomas-Henry

abstract: The Musée des beaux-arts Thomas Henry is a museum at Cherbourg-en-Cotentin (Manche) with around 300 artworks, mainly paintings from the 15th to 19th centuries. It has been rated as the third most important collection in Normandy.

text:
# Musée Thomas-Henry

The **Musée des beaux-arts Thomas Henry** is a museum at Cherbourg-en-Cotentin (Manche) with around 300 artworks, mainly paintings from the 15th to 19th centuries. It has been rated as the third most important collection in Normandy.

## History

It was formed after a series of anonymous donations to the city between 1831 and 1835, totalling 163 paintings and later revealed to have been made by Thomas Henry, town councillor and art critic — having lost his two sons, he wanted to allow the city's young people to gain an education in art. These young people included Jean-François Millet, who copied paintings in the museum.

In 1835, a museum was formed from these 163 paintings, including works by Italian 'primitives' such as Fra Angelico (*The Conversion of Saint Augustine*) and Filippo Lippi (*The Burial*). The foundational collection was completed by gifts from other inhabitants of Cherbourg, including capitaine Troude (1844), Armand Le Véel (a sculptor and curator of the museum) and the Ono family (who gave Millet's work in 1915). From 1965, the city decided to supplement private donations and state funding for acquisitions, in favor of the Millet fund.

Initially housed in the Hôtel de ville, the museum re-opened in a dedicated cultural centre in 1983, alongside the bibliothèque municipale Jacques-Prévert, on the site of the city's former grain Halles. It received 30,554 visitors in 2009, compared to 18,957 visitors in 2007.

## Collection

The museum's collection is wide-ranging and it has been nicknamed the 'little Louvre'. It notably includes a large number of paintings and sculptures by local artists. The most important works include:

## Temporary exhibitions

The musée Thomas-Henry has held a biennial exhibition of comic art since 2000 :

Media related to Musée Thomas-Henry at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

Musée des beaux-arts Thomas Henry
| The Salle Fouace in the Musée Thomas-Henry | |
| --- | --- |
| Interactive fullscreen map | |
| Location | Cherbourg-en-Cotentin |
| Coordinates | 49°38′14″N 1°37′23″W / 49.63722°N 1.62306°W / 49.63722; -1.62306 |


title: Megahertzia

abstract: Megahertzia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae. The sole species, Megahertzia amplexicaulis, is endemic to Queensland. It is found only in part of the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area between the Daintree River and Cape Tribulation. The name Megahertzia is a pun on Roaring Meg Creek, where one of the original specimens was collected. It is derived from the Greek megas and hertz, the unit of measurement for sound frequency.

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# Megahertzia

***Megahertzia*** is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae. The sole species, ***Megahertzia amplexicaulis***, is endemic to Queensland. It is found only in part of the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area between the Daintree River and Cape Tribulation.

The name *Megahertzia* is a pun on Roaring Meg Creek, where one of the original specimens was collected. It is derived from the Greek *megas* (meaning large) and hertz, the unit of measurement for sound frequency.

## InfoBox

| *Megahertzia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Proteales |
| Family: | Proteaceae |
| Subfamily: | Grevilleoideae |
| Tribe: | Roupaleae |
| Genus: | *Megahertzia*
A.S.George & B.Hyland |
| Species: | ***M. amplexicaulis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Megahertzia amplexicaulis***
A.S.George & B.Hyland | |
|


title: New North Road, Islington

abstract: The New North Road is a road in northern central London, forming part of a link road from the A1 at Highbury into the City of London at Moorgate. It is 0.8 miles (1.3 km) in length and is part of the A1200. This link road consists of Canonbury Road and New North Road, before several smaller sections to the south leading into the city. This part of the link begins at the Essex Road crossroads in the London Borough of Islington: Canonbury Road enters from the north-west, whilst New North Road continues in a south-easterly direction. It continues south-east and crosses into the London Borough of Hackney, passing to the west of Shoreditch Park. It bears to the south, and ends at a junction with Pitfield Street. A link road continues shortly before the end of New North Road, becoming East Road for a short distance, before meeting up with City Road near Moorfields Eye Hospital and Old Street station.

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# New North Road, Islington

The **New North Road** is a road in northern central London, forming part of a link road from the A1 at Highbury into the City of London at Moorgate. It is 0.8 miles (1.3 km) in length and is part of the A1200. This link road consists of Canonbury Road and New North Road, before several smaller sections to the south leading into the city.

This part of the link begins at the Essex Road crossroads in the London Borough of Islington: Canonbury Road enters from the north-west, whilst New North Road continues in a south-easterly direction. It continues south-east and crosses into the London Borough of Hackney, passing to the west of Shoreditch Park. It bears to the south, and ends at a junction with Pitfield Street. A link road continues shortly before the end of New North Road, becoming East Road for a short distance, before meeting up with City Road near Moorfields Eye Hospital and Old Street station.

## History

New North Road was built to provide a new route northwards from Old Street to Highbury, as outlined in a Local Act of parliament 52 Geo. 3. c. cliv (1812): "An Act for making a Public Carriage Road from the present Turnpike Road, near the South End of *Highbury Place*, *Islington* to *Haberdashers Walk*, in the Parish of *Saint Leonard*, *Shoreditch*, in the County of *Middlesex*.

The road was completed in 1822 as one of several roads built to connect with the Great North Road. This was during a period of land development in south-east Islington. It was paid for by tolls which were abolished in 1864.

## Buildings

* Rydon Arms, 225 New North Road, (formerly 2 Russell Place, New North Road) London N1 7BG. No longer a public house this is a Grade II Listed Building. It is on the junction with Arlington Avenue and was part of a development by Henry Rydon.

51°32′9.89″N 0°5′23.11″W / 51.5360806°N 0.0897528°W / 51.5360806; -0.0897528


title: Roland HandSonic

abstract: The HandSonic HPD-20 musical instrument is a hand percussion pad introduced by the Roland Corporation. It was reviewed by digitalDrummer Magazine in 2013. It can be played on its own or used as an addition to a larger drum kit. The dynamic pads are made of rubber to reduce fatigue on the hands. The rear panel includes a mix-in stereo input along with a stereo headphone output and two quarter inch jacks.

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# Roland HandSonic

The **HandSonic HPD-20** musical instrument is a hand percussion pad introduced by the Roland Corporation. It was reviewed by digitalDrummer Magazine in 2013. It can be played on its own or used as an addition to a larger drum kit. The dynamic pads are made of rubber to reduce fatigue on the hands. The rear panel includes a mix-in stereo input along with a stereo headphone output and two quarter inch jacks.

## On board sounds

Each pad can be assigned different sounds. There are 850 on board that range from traditional drum kits to retro drum machines such as the 808 and 909. Exotic sounds including congas, bongos, djembe and tablas round out the device's factory presets. Above the LCD display is The D-BEAM, a motion sensitive invisible infra-red beam of light that can both trigger and process percussion instruments.

## WAV file import

Up to 500 WAV files can be stored via USB flash memory into the Handsonic. The sample time is up to 12 minutes in mono (16-bit, 44.1 kHz) or six minutes in stereo.

## Notable Users

Jean-Michel Jarre

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| HandSonic HPD-20 | |
| --- | --- |
| Manufacturer | Roland |
| Technical specifications | |
| Effects | Multi-Effects: 3 systems, 25 types, Ambience: 10 types, 3-band Kit EQ |
| Input/output | |
| Keyboard | 13 pads, pressure-sensitive pads |
| External control | D-BEAM, Realtime Modify knob |


title: Fred Rogers Fairchild

abstract: Fred Rogers Fairchild was an American economist and educator. Fairchild was born in Crete, Nebraska. His father was Arthur Babbitt Fairchild, a descendant of Thomas Fairchild, who settled in New England in 1639. He was a brother of Henry Pratt Fairchild, a sociologist and educator. Fairchild attended Doane College in Crete and Yale University. He also received an honorary LL.D. from Doane in 1929. Fairchild taught economics at Yale for many years. He was a holder of the Knox Chair of Economics. He was published widely, and his work included well received textbooks. Fairchild was an honorary member of the National Tax Association, an educational association of taxation experts. His primary field of study was federal taxation in the United States. In a 1920 journal article published in the American Economic Review, Fairchild proposed a restructuring of the post-war U.S. federal taxation system in light of calls for the repeal of the excess profits tax enacted during wartime. He recommended, in order to ensure a "reasonable revenue to the government and justice to the various classes of taxpayers", that corporations be exempt from income taxes and instead that shareholder dividends become subject to the income tax.

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# Fred Rogers Fairchild

**Fred Rogers Fairchild** (August 5, 1877 – April 13, 1966) was an American economist and educator.

Fairchild was born in Crete, Nebraska. His father was Arthur Babbitt Fairchild, a descendant of Thomas Fairchild, who settled in New England in 1639. He was a brother of Henry Pratt Fairchild, a sociologist and educator. Fairchild attended Doane College (AB, 1898) in Crete and Yale University (PhD, 1904). He also received an honorary LL.D. from Doane in 1929. Fairchild taught economics at Yale for many years. He was a holder of the Knox Chair of Economics. He was published widely, and his work included well received textbooks.

Fairchild was an honorary member of the National Tax Association, an educational association of taxation experts. His primary field of study was federal taxation in the United States. In a 1920 journal article published in the *American Economic Review*, Fairchild proposed a restructuring of the post-war U.S. federal taxation system in light of calls for the repeal of the excess profits tax enacted during wartime. He recommended, in order to ensure a "reasonable revenue to the government and justice to the various classes of taxpayers", that corporations be exempt from income taxes and instead that shareholder dividends become subject to the income tax.

## Publications

* *Understanding our Free Economy*, with Thomas J. Shelley. D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc. 1962.
* *Economics*, MacMillan Company. 1948.
* *Elementary Economics: Volume I*, with Edgar Stevenson Furniss and Norman Sydney Buck. MacMillan Company. 1927
* *Elementary Economics: Volume II*, with Edgar Stevenson Furniss and Norman Sydney Buck. MacMillan Company. 1927.
* *Essentials of Economics*, American book Co. 1931.
* *A description of the "New Deal", John Clifford Lecture*. MacMillan Company. 1934.

## InfoBox

| Fred Rogers Fairchild | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1877-08-05)August 5, 1877
Crete, Nebraska, United States |
| Died | April 13, 1966(1966-04-13) (aged 88)
Bridgeport, Connecticut, United States |
| Resting place | Leete's Island Cemetery, Guilford, Connecticut |
|  | |
| Academic career | |
| Field | Taxation in the United States |
| Alma mater | Doane University
Yale University |
|  | |


title: Harold Austin (Australian cricketer)

abstract: Harold Austin was an Australian cricketer. He played six first-class cricket matches for Victoria in 1924–25 and 11 matches for Cambridge University in England in 1924.

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# Harold Austin (Australian cricketer)

**Harold Austin** (8 March 1903  31 July 1981) was an Australian cricketer. He played six first-class cricket matches for Victoria in 1924–25 and 11 matches for Cambridge University in England in 1924.

## InfoBox

Harold Austin
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Harold McPherson Austin |
| Born | (1903-03-08)8 March 1903
Skipton, Victoria, Australia |
| Died | 31 July 1981(1981-07-31) (aged 78)
Timboon, Victoria, Australia |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm leg break |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1924 | Cambridge University |
| 1924/25 | Victoria |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 21 November 2015 | |


title: Pierceville, Indiana

abstract: Pierceville is an unincorporated community in Franklin Township, Ripley County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

text:
# Pierceville, Indiana

**Pierceville** is an unincorporated community in Franklin Township, Ripley County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

## History

Pierceville was laid out in 1860. The community's name recognizes the Pierce family of settlers. A post office was established at Pierceville in 1854, and has since remained in operation. Pierceville also has a United Methodist Church.

1. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Pierceville, Indiana
2. "US Census website". US Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
3. "The Start of Ripley County, Indiana". Ripley County, Indiana Historical Society. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
4. Baker, Ronald L. (October 1995). *From Needmore to Prosperity: Hoosier Place Names in Folklore and History*. Indiana University Press. p. 263. ISBN 978-0-253-32866-3. ...named for the local Pierce family...
5. "PIERCEVILLE Post Office". Pierceville Post Office. Retrieved October 24, 2022.
6. "Pierceville - Find A Church". *The United Methodist Church*. Retrieved October 24, 2022.

## InfoBox

| Pierceville, Indiana | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community and Census-designated place | |
| PiercevillePierceville | |
| Coordinates: 39°07′59″N 85°10′43″W / 39.13306°N 85.17861°W / 39.13306; -85.17861 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Indiana |
| County | Ripley |
| Township | Franklin |
| Platted | 1860 |
| Elevation | 1,011 ft (308 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 47031 |
| Area code(s) | 812, 930 |
| FIPS code | 18-59616 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2830517 |


title: XM PCR

abstract: The XM PCR is a satellite receiver sold by XM Radio and discontinued in 2004, amidst piracy concerns. Programs allowed users to record every song played on an XM channel, quickly and cheaply building an MP3 library.

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# XM PCR

The **XM PCR** is a satellite receiver sold by XM Radio and discontinued in 2004, amidst piracy concerns. Programs allowed users to record every song played on an XM channel, quickly and cheaply building an MP3 library.

## History

The Personal Computer Receiver (PCR) was first announced in 2003. The next year, XM pulled the PCRs from the market, reportedly due to music piracy.

## Enhancements

Several enhancements have been created for the PCR, both software and hardware. In the software arena, **PCR Replacement** programs have been sprouting up on Internet forums and web sites. These are software packages that replace the interface included with the PCR, XMMT. Several features have been added to these new programs, including the ability to rip songs and build an MP3 library, time shift shows so that the user can listen at a more convenient time, control the radio via a web browser, and stream audio to other computers. Some web sites also offer a playlist log, which allows a user to browse a list of all the recently played songs or shows.

A hardware modification has also been discovered that allows the addition of a TOSLINK optical output, allowing users to connect the PCR to the optical digital input on a home theater receiver.

## Replacements

The XM Direct receiver, also marketed as the XM Commander, can now serve the same purpose as the PCR. While the XM Direct is intended for automotive use, the unit itself is controlled by RS-232 command signals, and so is easily adapted to PC control. When combined with a "smart cable", which is really just a USB to Serial cable and a wiring adapter to connect to the XM Direct's control port, the XM Direct supports some features not found on the original PCR.

The XM Mini tuner may also hold promise for hardware tweakers. It uses the newest XM tuner and is much smaller than the XM Direct. Like the Direct, the Mini is designed to be used with an external system, in this case a home theater receiver. Unlike the Direct, the Mini is also capable of receiving XM's newest technologies, including HD audio.

1. XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc. Announces First Quarter 2003 Results SpaceRef.Com (May 8, 2003). Press Release. Retrieved February 17, 2007
2. C|Net News.com (August 30, 2004) XM Radio pulls PC hardware amid piracy concerns. Retrieved February 17, 2007.
3. XM HD Surround Sound


title: Alison Murray (scientist)

abstract: Alison Murray is an American microbial ecologist and Antarctic researcher, best known for studying the diversity, ecology and biogeography of Antarctic marine plankton dynamics of the plankton over the annual cycle; and her work demonstrating the existence of microbial life within an ice-sealed Antarctic lake. She studies how microorganisms persist and function in extremely cold and harsh environments, including those that lack oxygen and biological sources of energy.

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# Alison Murray (scientist)

**Alison Murray** is an American microbial ecologist and Antarctic researcher, best known for studying the diversity, ecology and biogeography of Antarctic marine plankton dynamics of the plankton over the annual cycle; and her work demonstrating the existence of microbial life within an ice-sealed Antarctic lake (Lake Vida). She studies how microorganisms persist and function in extremely cold and harsh environments, including those that lack oxygen and biological sources of energy.

## Early life and education

Murray was born and raised in Carmel, California and attended Carmel High School. She received her B.S. in Biochemistry at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo in 1989, followed by participation in a work-study program that turned into a Research Assistant position at the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Science (formerly, Bermuda Biological Station).

Following two years of work experience she joined the Biogeochemical Reactions in Estuaries - Land Margin Ecosystem Research Program at Tomales Bay, earned her M.S. degree at San Francisco State University in Cell and Molecular Biology in 1994 where she studied with James T. Hollibaugh to develop molecular fingerprinting approaches for marine microorganisms.

Murray's Ph.D. was earned in Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology under the mentorship of Edward F. DeLong, from the University of California, Santa Barbara in 1998. It was during this time that she participated in two research expeditions to the Antarctic where she studied the ecology of planktonic marine archaea, Thermoproteota (formerly Crenarchaeota), with circumpolar distributions and demonstrated significant shifts in bacterial community composition and archaeal biomass over the extremes of the high latitude seasonal cycle.

## Career and impact

Murray's postdoctoral research (1999-2001) was conducted at the Center for Microbial Ecology at Michigan State University in which she studied in the emerging field of functional genomics with Distinguished Professor James M. Tiedje. She then moved to Desert Research Institute (DRI) in Reno, Nevada, USA in 2001 where she is a research professor.

Murray is best known for studying the diversity, ecology and biogeography of Antarctic marine plankton over the annual cycle. She discovered microbial life at −13 °C existing within an ice-sealed the Antarctic Lake Vida, the largest of several unique lakes found in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. This research finding was profiled by BBC TV, National Public Radio, and in the international news media including *The Guardian*, *Los Angeles Times* and *Nature*.

Murray's research has provided critical insights into how microorganisms persist and function in extremely cold and harsh environments, including those that lack oxygen and biological sources of energy. Making use of molecular genomic tools to describe microbial life, her work has helped answer questions about how microbes function and survive in extremely cold environments and how environmental changes affect the functioning and diversity of these organisms, as well as potential feedbacks that might impact the sustainability of cold-environment ecosystems.

The research has altered the scientific view of biological diversity in high latitude ecosystems where microbes are significantly more diverse than originally surmised and exhibit strong seasonal gradients in community composition; they have been found to exist in places originally thought to be uninhabitable.

Her research has shown how microbes respond to different environmental gradients and how they contribute and control fundamental ecological processes resulting in a better understanding of how high latitude ecosystems function and how they might respond to broad scale perturbations such as climate change (e.g.).

## Awards and honours

Murray was recognized in 2019 as the recipient of the DRI Science Medal; she was also awarded the Nevada System of Higher Education Rising Researcher Award in 2009 and the Nevada Regents' Researcher Award in 2013.

## Other activities

Murray's leadership activities include serving as Co-lead of NASA's Research Coordination Network for Ocean Worlds, in 2016-2017 she served as co-chair of the Europa Lander Science Definition team, and between 2004 and 2016 she served as Representative to the Life Sciences Standing Committee for the US in the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research for eleven years and played roles in the Census of Antarctic Marine Life, and continues today in biodiversity data management as part of the AntEco Scientific Research Program steering committee \[link: https://www.scar.org/srp/anteco/\].

## Selected bibliography

* Murray, A. E., Lies D., Li G., Nealson K., Zhou J., and Tiedje J. M. "DNA/DNA Hybridization to Microarrays Reveals Gene-Specific Differences between Closely Related Microbial Genomes."*Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America* 98, no. 17 (2001): 9853–858.
* Murray, A.E., Kenig, F. Fritsen, C.H., McKay, C.P., Cawley, K.M., Edwards, R., Kuhn, E., McKnight, D.M., Ostrom, N.E., Peng, V., Ponce, A., Priscu, J.C., Samarkin, V., Townsend, A.T., Wagh, P., Young, S.A., Yung, P.T. and Doran, P.T. Microbial life at −13 °C in the brine of an ice-sealed Antarctic lake *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America* 109 (50) (2012) 20626–20631. doi:10.1073/pnas.1208607109
* Murray, AE, CM Preston, R Massana, LT Taylor, A Blakis, and EF DeLong. Seasonal and spatial variability in coastal Antarctic bacterioplankton assemblages. *Applied and Environmental Microbiology*. 64(7) (1998) 2585–2595.
* Murray, A.E., Hollibaugh, J.T., Orrego, C. Phylogenetic compositions of bacterioplankton from two California estuaries compared by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rDNA fragments. *Applied and Environmental Microbiology* 62 (7) (1996) 2676-2680

## InfoBox

| Alison Murray | |
| --- | --- |
| Alison Murray at Lake Vida | |
| Born | Alison Elizabeth Murray |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | BS California Polytechnic State University
MS San Francisco State University
PhD University of California, Santa Barbara |
| Awards | Nevada System of Higher Education Regents Researcher Award (2014) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Microbiology of polar extremophiles
Microbial Oceanography |
| Institutions | Desert Research Institute |
|  | |
| Website | www.dri.edu/alison-murray-research |


title: Myelokathexis

abstract:
Myelokathexis is a congenital disorder of the white blood cells that causes severe, chronic leukopenia and neutropenia. The disorder is believed to be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Myelokathexis refers to retention (kathexis) of neutrophils in the bone marrow (myelo). The disorder shows prominent neutrophil morphologic abnormalities. Myelokathexis is amongst the diseases treated with bone marrow transplantation and cord blood stem cells.
WHIM syndrome is a very rare variant of severe congenital neutropenia that presents with warts, hypogammaglobunemia, infections, and myelokathexis. A gain-of-function mutation resulting in a truncated form of CXCR4 is believed to be its cause. The truncated form of the receptor has a 2-fold increase in G-protein coupled intracellular signalling, and this mutation of the receptor can be identified by DNA sequencing.

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# Myelokathexis

**Myelokathexis** is a congenital disorder of the white blood cells that causes severe, chronic leukopenia (a reduction of circulating white blood cells) and neutropenia (a reduction of neutrophil granulocytes). The disorder is believed to be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Myelokathexis refers to retention (kathexis) of neutrophils in the bone marrow (myelo). The disorder shows prominent neutrophil morphologic abnormalities.

Myelokathexis is amongst the diseases treated with bone marrow transplantation and cord blood stem cells. WHIM syndrome is a very rare variant of severe congenital neutropenia that presents with warts, hypogammaglobunemia, infections, and myelokathexis. A gain-of-function mutation resulting in a truncated form of CXCR4 is believed to be its cause. The truncated form of the receptor has a 2-fold increase in G-protein coupled intracellular signalling, and this mutation of the receptor can be identified by DNA sequencing.

## InfoBox

| Myelokathexis | |
| --- | --- |
| Specialty | Hematology |


title: Megaherz

abstract: Megaherz is a German Neue Deutsche Härte band formed in Eichenau in 1993. Megaherz has gone through many changes in musical style since their founding. Their early works can be categorized as dark alternative metal, comparable to 1990s American bands such as Faith No More, whereas recent works are comparable to bands such as Oomph! and Rammstein. Their early albums all include at least one song based on a classic German fairy tale, including "Hänschen klein" on Herzwerk, "Rapunzel" on Kopfschuss, "Windkind" on Himmelfahrt, and "I.M Rumpelstilzchen" on Herzwerk II. The band has had many changes in line-up since its formation in 1993. Guitarist Christian Bystron and bassist Wenz Weninger have been the band's only consistent members since 1995. Since vocalist Alexander Wesselsky's departure in 2003, no founding member has remained in the band.

text:
# Megaherz

**Megaherz** (German name meaning "Mega-heart", a pun on the homophone "megahertz") is a German Neue Deutsche Härte band formed in Eichenau in 1993.

Megaherz has gone through many changes in musical style since their founding. Their early works can be categorized as dark alternative metal, comparable to 1990s American bands such as Faith No More, whereas recent works are comparable to bands such as Oomph! and Rammstein. Their early albums all include at least one song based on a classic German fairy tale, including "Hänschen klein" ("Little Hans") on *Herzwerk*, "Rapunzel" on *Kopfschuss*, "Windkind" ("Wind Child") on *Himmelfahrt*, and "I.M Rumpelstilzchen" on *Herzwerk II*.

The band has had many changes in line-up since its formation in 1993. Guitarist Christian Bystron and bassist Wenz Weninger have been the band's only consistent members since 1995. Since vocalist Alexander Wesselsky's departure in 2003, no founding member has remained in the band.

## History

### Formation and early success (1993–2002)

Megaherz began as a musical project of Alexx Wesselsky, Josef Kalleder, Marc Bredtmann, and Tobias Trinkl. In 1995, they released a self-published demo album titled *Herzwerk*.

Christian "X-ti" Bystron joined the band while they were touring for *Herzwerk*. After a few rehearsals, bassist Kalleder quit and was subsequently replaced by Wenz Weninger. Both Bredtmann and Trinkl left the band soon after. The now trio of Alexx, X-ti and Wenz released the first studio album *Wer bist du?* in 1997, with a completely different sound, inspired by Clawfinger and incorporating electronic and rap elements that would become a staple in future albums.

Noel Pix had helped with the keyboards and programming on *Wer bist du?*, but joined the band full time on keyboards for the second album, *Kopfschuss*, released in 1998. The single "Freiflug" was released in 1999 to further promote *Kopfschuss*; it became Megaherz's most successful single to date, peaking at No. 7 on the Deutsche Alternative Charts.

*Kopfschuss* was followed by *Himmelfahrt* (2000) and became the band's debut album on the Media Control Charts, peaking at No. 78. *Herzwerk II*, released in 2002, had similar success, also reaching No. 78 on the German charts. In October 2002, vocalist Wesselsky announced that he was leaving the band due to creative differences. He would finish the 2002 tour before officially leaving the band on 1 January 2003 and forming the group Eisbrecher with Noel Pix. Since Wesselsky's departure, there are no remaining founding members left.

### The search for a lead singer (2003–2007)

In April 2003, the remaining members announced the new singer, Mathias "Jablonski" Elsholz of the band Twelve After Elf. Elsholz was already familiar to the band's fans, as his vocals had been briefly featured on the track "Falsche Götter" from the album *Himmelfahrt*. By June 2004, a new album was under way. A new song was soon released with a small Macromedia Flash animation, substantiating the rumors of a new singer. This song was later revealed to be "Zeig' mir dein Gesicht" from the album , which was released on 6 December 2004.

On 23 September 2005, the rest of the tours for the year were cancelled, as Elsholz left in "total surprise" to the band. The reason was not given on the Megaherz homepage, but, in the Eisbrecher forums. Elsholz announced that he and his wife were expecting twins, and he wished to devote more time to his soon-to-be family. *5* was released in the US via Eclipse Records on 21 February 2006.

On 18 April 2007, it was confirmed on Megaherz's official website that the band found a new singer and was working on their sixth record. It was also stated that the band would tour while recording their new album.

### Lex Wohnhaas officially joins (2007–2010)

By 18 August 2007, the band's new line-up was announced, and the website was re-launched. Lex Wohnhaas from the band Seelenbrand was announced as the new singer, and Jürgen "Bam Bam" Wiehler from the band Bonfire was replacing Jürgen Zink. Lex previously played for Megaherz during a concert in Moscow just after Elsholz left.

The new album, *Heuchler*, was released in July 2008. After its release, it reached position No. 31 on the German Album Charts. The band played at the Summer Breeze Open Air festival in August 2008 and continued touring in 2009, playing at the Wave-Gotik-Treffen festival in Leipzig, Germany.

A compilation album was released in early March 2009, titled *Totgesagte leben länger* ("Those declared dead live longer", a line from "Dein Herz schlägt" from the album ).

The band released their first remix album, *Loblieder*, on 1 April 2010, featuring remixes by artists such as Die Krupps, Suicide Commando, Rotersand, Letzte Instanz, and Staubkind.

### *Götterdämmerung*, *Zombieland* and *Erdwärts* (2010–2017)

By 22 December 2010, Megaherz were back in the studio working on their seventh album. On 18 April 2011, they announced that Christoph Klinke from 'From Constant Visions' was the band's new rhythm guitarist, replacing Roland Vencelj.

Announced on their official website on 24 May 2011, Megaherz was scheduled to release their new album on 14 October 2011, but by 20 August, it was announced that the release date for the new album has been moved to early December. Afterwards, an announcement on the band's website on 22 September 2011 stated: "In coordination with our record company, GoldenCore Records/ZYX Music, we decided to postpone the release of our new album finally to January 20th, 2012". Megaherz would also mention that the new album will feature 11 songs, and that one of the new songs will become available for download in October 2011.

Megaherz went on tour with Subway to Sally and Letzte Instanz in December 2011 before embarking on their own national tour in early 2012 to promote the new album.

The first single, "Jagdzeit", was released on 23 December 2011. The new album, *Götterdämmerung*, was released on 20 January 2012, and hit the German Media Control Charts at No. 19. Megaherz played at Wacken Open Air festival on 2 August, as well as Mera Luna Festival on 11 August 2012.

Megaherz released their first concert DVD on 16 November 2012, titled *Götterdämmerung: Wacken Live*.

The song "Gegen den Wind" was released on 25 January 2013 as the second single to the band's album *Götterdämmerung*.

The band announced on their official website on 20 January 2014 that they were working on a new album. By the end of February, the band announced that they had signed with a new record company, Napalm Records. The new album, *Zombieland*, was released on 24 October 2014 and would chart in the Media Control Charts at No. 17.

Megaherz then went on a tour with Unheilig, as support for their *Gipfelstürmer Open Air Tour*, between June and September 2015.

Megaherz would then release a new EP titled *Erdwärts* on 4 December 2015, followed by a tour across Russia, Germany, Austria, and Switzerland between December 2015 and April 2016. The EP consists of four new songs and two re-recorded tracks ("Jordan" and "Teufel"), both songs previously released on the band's 1998 album *Kopfschuss*.

Megaherz once again went on tour with Unheilig between May and July 2016 as a supporting act during Unheilig's *Ein Letzte Mal Tournee*. Though Megaherz did not play any support shows for Unheilig in August, Megaherz was one of four supporting acts for the tour finale at RheinEnergieStadion on 10 September 2016.

Megaherz then embarked on the second leg of the *Erdwärts Club Tour* between November 2016 and January 2017.

### *Tour in China*, *Komet* and departure of Jürgen "Bam Bam" Wiehler (2017–2019)

On 9 January 2017, after the "Erdwärts Tour" finale, the band announced that they have entered the studio to record their next studio album.

The band went on a four-date tour in China for the very first time in the bands 20+ year career in May 2017 playing in four cities, including Beijing. Megaherz opened for Marilyn Manson on 22 July 2017 at Woodstage Open Air Festival in Dresden, Germany.

*Komet* was revealed as the title of the upcoming 10th album scheduled to be released in February 2018.

Longtime drummer Jürgen Wiehler left the band in February 2018; Tobias Derer, was later announced as his replacement. Derer's run with the band was short lived, as he left in April 2018. The band officially announced his departure in July 2018 and welcomed Rolf Herring on board as the new drummer.

*Komet* would turn out to be Megaherz's highest-charting album to date, reaching number 7 on the German charts.

### *In Teufels Namen* (2019–present)

In August 2019, Megaherz announced that they have begun work on a new studio album, originally aimed for a release in 2020.

On August 14, 2021, Megaherz announced via Facebook that drummer Rolf Hering would be leaving that band and joining medieval metal band Feuerschwanz. On April 6, 2022, they revealed that Maxx Hertweck was the new drummer of the band.

On August 11, 2023, their eleventh studio album *In Teufel's Namen* was released.

## Musical style

Megaherz primarily plays a style of Neue Deutsche Härte, a subgenre of industrial metal, which incorporates elements of groove metal, techno, and German rock. Megaherz makes use of clean and deep male vocals, heavy riffs, samples, keyboard, and synthesizer effects. During the early days of the band, Megaherz played an alternative metal style in the vein of Faith No More. Their albums *Wer bist du?* and *Kopfschuss* took on a rap metal and funk metal style, which included slap bass riffs and rapping.

## Members

### Current members

* Alexander "Lex" Wohnhaas – vocals (2007–present)
* Christian "X-ti" Bystron – lead guitar (1997–present), programming (2002–present)
* Wenz Weninger – bass (1997–present)
* Maxx Hertweck – drums (2022–present)
* Christoph "Chris" Klinke – rhythm guitar (2011–present)

### Former members

* Alexander "Alexx" Wesselsky – vocals (1993–2003)
* Mathias "Jablonski" Elsholz – vocals (2003–2005)
* Jochen "Noel Pix" Seibert – guitar, keyboards, programming (1998–2001)
* Christian Scharinger – keyboards, programming (1995–1997)
* Josef Kalleder – bass (1993–1995)
* Roland Vencelj – guitar (2007–2011)
* Oliver Pohl – guitar (2002–2003)
* Marc Bredtmann – guitar (1993–1995)
* Rolf Herring – drums (2018–2021)
* Tobias Derer – drums (2018)
* Jürgen "Bam Bam" Wiehler – drums (2007–2018)
* Jürgen Zink – drums (2003–2007)
* Jürgen Schlachter – drums (2002–2003)
* Frank Gegerle – drums (1998–2001, touring 2005)
* Tommy Eberhard – drums (1997–1998)
* Tobias Trinkl – drums (1993–1995)

### Timeline

## Discography

### Studio albums

| Year | Title | Chart positions | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | GER | AUT | SWI |
| 1995 | *Herzwerk ("Heart-work")* | - | - | - |
| 1997 | *Wer bist du? ("Who are you?")* | - | - | - |
| 1998 | *Kopfschuss ("Headshot")* | - | - | - |
| 2000 | *Himmelfahrt ("Ascension")* | 78 | - | - |
| 2002 | *Herzwerk II ("Heart-work II")* | 78 | - | - |
| 2004 |  | - | - | - |
| 2008 | *Heuchler ("Hypocrite")* | 31 | - | - |
| 2012 | *Götterdämmerung ("Twilight of the Gods")* | 19 | - | - |
| 2014 | *Zombieland* | 17 | 75 | 68 |
| 2018 | *Komet ("Comet")* | 7 | 49 | 43 |
| 2023 | *In Teufels Namen ("In the devil's name")* | 16 | - | 53 |

### Remix albums

* 2010: *Loblieder*

### Singles

* 1997: "Gott sein"
* 1998: "Rock Me Amadeus"
* 1998: "Liebestöter"
* 1999: "Freiflug"
* 2000: "Himmelfahrt"
* 2002: "Herzblut"
* 2004: "Gott sein '04" (non-physical release)
* 2004: "Dein Herz schlägt" (non-physical release)
* 2008: "Mann von Welt"
* 2011: "Jagdzeit"
* 2013: "Gegen den Wind"
* 2014: "Wir könnten Götter sein"
* 2017: "Vorhang auf"
* 2018: "Komet"
* 2018: "Von oben"
* 2023: "Alles Arschlöcher"
* 2023: "Engelsgesicht"
* 2023: "In Teufels Namen"

### EPs

* 2007: *Freiflug EP: The Early Years (1996–2000)*
* 2008: *Mann von Welt*
* 2008: *Heuchler*
* 2011: *Jagdzeit*
* 2015: *Erdwärts*

### Compilation albums

### Music videos

* 1999: "Freiflug"
* 2011: "Jagdzeit"
* 2013: "Herz aus Gold"
* 2014: "Himmelsstürmer"
* 2014: "Für immer"
* 2016: "Einsam"
* 2017: "Vorhang auf!"
* 2018: "Komet"
* 2018: "Nicht genug"
* 2023: "Alles Arschlöcher"
* 2023: "Engelsgesicht"

1. "Megaherz - Wir Leben Noch!". Retrieved 26 February 2018.
2. "Redirecting". Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 3 October 2005.
3. Megaherz | News Archived 11 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine
4. "Megaherz | Band | Releases | Megaherz 5". *www.megaherz.com*. Archived from the original on 24 July 2008.
5. "New Drummer at Megaherz". 11 February 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
6. "Megaherz — Komet". *offiziellecharts.de* (in German). GfK Entertainment charts. Retrieved 1 November 2021.
7. "Official Megaherz" (in German). Facebook. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
8. "Official Megaherz" (in German). Facebook. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
9. "MEGAHERZ Introduce Maxx Hertweck As New Drummer!". All About The Rock. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
10. "Megaherz - Napalm Records". Napalm Records. Retrieved 8 August 2023.

## InfoBox

| Megaherz | |
| --- | --- |
| Megaherz in 2016 | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Eichenau, Germany |
| Genres | Neue Deutsche Härte, industrial metal |
| Years active | 1993–present |
| Labels |  |
|  | |
| Members | Alexander "Lex" Wohnhaas
Christian "X-ti" Bystron
Wenz "Wenz" Weninger
Christoph "Chris" Klinke
Maxx Hertweck |
|  | |
| Past members | Alexander "Alexx" Wesselsky
Noel Pix
Marc Bredtmann
Josef Kalleder
Tobias Trinkl
Christian Scharinger
Mathias "Jablonski" Elsholz
Oliver Pohl
Jürgen Zink
Frank Gegerle
Roland Vencelj
Jürgen "Bam Bam" Wiehler
Rolf Herring |
|  | |
| Website | megaherz.de |


title: New Oakleigh Mine

abstract: The New Oakleigh Mine was a thermal coal mine in the Moreton Basin. The mine was located north of Rosewood in South East Queensland, Australia. It was one of two operating mines in an area with a rich coal mining history. Thermal coal was extracted from the open pit by trucks, excavators and front-end loaders. Mining operations began at the site in 1948. New Hope Group the owners of the mine, were to cease operations sometime around 2009. However mining activity continued through to 2013 due to higher prices for coal. The mine was officially closed on 25 January 2013.

text:
# New Oakleigh Mine

The **New Oakleigh Mine** was a thermal coal mine in the Moreton Basin. The mine was located north of Rosewood in South East Queensland, Australia. It was one of two operating mines in an area with a rich coal mining history.

Thermal coal was extracted from the open pit by trucks, excavators and front-end loaders.

Mining operations began at the site in 1948.

New Hope Group the owners of the mine, were to cease operations sometime around 2009. However mining activity continued through to 2013 due to higher prices for coal. The mine was officially closed on 25 January 2013.

## InfoBox

New Oakleigh Mine
| Mine pit, 2010 | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
| New Oakleigh MineLocation in Australia | |
| Location | Rosewood |
| State | Queensland |
| Country | Australia |
| Coordinates | 27°37′06.6″S 152°34′31.7″E / 27.618500°S 152.575472°E / -27.618500; 152.575472 |
| Production | |
| Products | Thermal coal |
| History | |
| Opened | 1948 |
| Closed | 2013 |
| Owner | |
| Company | New Hope Group |


title: Hazards (magazine)

abstract: Hazards is an independent, award-winning occupational safety and health magazine. Published quarterly, it is the trade union recommended magazine for UK union health and safety representatives. Hazards has also jointly developed a NewsWire with LabourStart which provides health and safety news headlines for union websites as an RSS feed.

text:
# Hazards (magazine)

***Hazards*** is an independent, award-winning occupational safety and health magazine. Published quarterly, it is the trade union recommended magazine for UK union health and safety representatives. *Hazards* has also jointly developed a NewsWire with LabourStart which provides health and safety news headlines for union websites as an RSS feed.

## History

*Hazards* was conceived in January 1976 as the *Hazards Bulletin* by Charlie Clutterbuck, Alan Dalton and Tony Fletcher - all members of the British Society for Social Responsibility in Science (BSSRS) - in response to the introduction of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974. The three had been involved in the production of the BSSRS magazine *Science for People* (SfP), which "provided brief coverage of topical science matters from a radical standpoint as well as reporting on the work of BSSRS", and increasingly found themselves addressing organised labour events on the subject of industrial hazards. Clutterbuck said later: "We recognised that there was a lot of different people becoming more interested in health and safety matters, because it was more "political". We saw health and safety at the very core of the crunch between capital and labour. We wanted those people to keep connected with each other and thought a magazine may help." The title of the magazine was inspired by the book *The Hazards of Work: How to Fight Them* (1974; Pluto Press) by Patrick Kinnersley.

Following publication of his book *Asbestos: Killer Dust* (1979; BSSRS) Dalton was successfully sued for libel in 1984 by Robert Murray, a former medical adviser to the Trades Union Congress. In the book Dalton had criticised Murray's pro-asbestos industry views and claimed that they were contrary to his position within the union movement. Although Murray was only awarded £500 damages, Dalton's legal costs of £30,000 bankrupted *Hazards Bulletin*. The magazine relaunched under the truncated title *Hazards* the same year.

## Recognition

*Hazards* is the winner of The Work Foundation Workworld Media Award 2007 and 2008 for online journalism. The judges commended the magazine for its "depth and seriousness, and its spiky determination to campaign for those at the rough end of working life." In 2008, US occupational safety magazine *EHS Today* named *Hazards* editor Rory O’Neill one of the 50 most influential health and safety leaders of the last decade. O'Neill is a professor of occupational and environmental policy research at the University of Liverpool and the occupational health and workplace safety adviser for the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC), representing global unions on a number of UN panels.

## InfoBox

*Hazards*
| *Hazards* Issue 122, cover dated April–June 2013 | |
| --- | --- |
| Editor | Rory O'Neill |
| Categories | Occupational safety and health |
| Frequency | Quarterly |
| Founder | Charlie Clutterbuck
Alan Dalton
Tony Fletcher |
| Founded | 1976 |
| First issue | January 1976 (1976-January) |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Based in | Sheffield |
| Language | English |
| Website | www.hazards.org |
| ISSN | 0267-7296 |
| OCLC | 60801274 |


title: Petrophila chrysopalis

abstract: Petrophila chrysopalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1906. It is found in Mexico.

text:
# Petrophila chrysopalis

***Petrophila chrysopalis*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1906. It is found in Mexico.

## InfoBox

| *Petrophila chrysopalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Petrophila* |
| Species: | ***P. chrysopalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Petrophila chrysopalis***<br>(Hampson, 1906) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Argyractis chrysopalis* Hampson, 1906 | |


title: Harold B. Crosby

abstract: Harold B. Crosby was the founding president of the University of West Florida and the second president of Florida International University. He received his bachelor's degree from Northwestern University, and his law degree from the University of Florida. He married Margaret Dutton Crosby, and they had two children: Susan Crosby Cross and Anne Bryan Crosby Higgins. He was remarried with Constance Westbury. Soldier, lawyer, educator, judge, professor, dean, college president – Harold Crosby made his mark in many fields, excelling in them all. He was the founding Editor-in-Chief of the College of Law’s Florida Law Review, honored by his alma mater and the state for his contributions to education, professor and assistant dean at UFLaw, UF Dean of University Relations and Development, and president of two state universities – University of West Florida (Pensacola) for 10 years, and interim and permanent president of Florida International University (Miami) for five. His efforts on behalf of the state’s legal system – serving as consultant to the Florida Constitutional Advisory Commission in the mid-50s and as Commissioner for the Promotion of Uniform State Laws in the mid-60s – also were noteworthy.

text:
# Harold B. Crosby

**Harold B. Crosby** (September 21, 1918 – January 10, 1996) was the founding president of the University of West Florida and the second president of Florida International University. He received his bachelor's degree from Northwestern University, and his law degree from the University of Florida. He married Margaret Dutton Crosby, and they had two children: Susan Crosby Cross and Anne Bryan Crosby Higgins. He was remarried with Constance Westbury.

Soldier, lawyer, educator, judge, professor, dean, college president – Harold Crosby made his mark in many fields, excelling in them all. He was the founding Editor-in-Chief of the College of Law’s Florida Law Review, honored by his alma mater and the state for his contributions to education, professor and assistant dean at UFLaw, UF Dean of University Relations and Development, and president of two state universities – University of West Florida (Pensacola) for 10 years, and interim and permanent president of Florida International University (Miami) for five. His efforts on behalf of the state’s legal system – serving as consultant to the Florida Constitutional Advisory Commission in the mid-50s and as Commissioner for the Promotion of Uniform State Laws in the mid-60s – also were noteworthy.

## InfoBox

| Harold Crosby | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | September 21, 1918
Jacksonville, Florida |
| Died | January 10, 1996(1996-01-10) (aged 77)
Pensacola, Florida |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | University of Florida J.D.
Northwestern Bachelors |
| Known for | Being the President of FIU
Founder of UWF |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Higher Education |
|  | |


title: Pietro Anderlini

abstract: Pietro Anderlini, also Andorlini, (1687–1755) was an Italian painter of the Rococo period.

text:
# Pietro Anderlini

**Pietro Anderlini**, also Andorlini, (1687–1755) was an Italian painter of the Rococo period.

## Biography

He was born and died in Florence. Anderlini was a pupil of Giuseppe Tonelli, and his first documented work was the fresco of the Convent of San Lorenzo in Florence in 1718. He worked alongside, and on behalf, of some of the main Florentine painters of the 1700s.

The quadratura fresco style that he painted in was widely used by contemporary painters to embellish with designs of their own works architectures, the most famous of these painters were Gerolamo Mengozzi Colonna and Giovanni Battista Tiepolo.

## Works

Among the works mentioned in the eighteenth-century guides of Florence were:

* Frescoes in the basement of San Lorenzo, on the vault above the altar of the Compagnia di San Lorenzo, with architecture by Anderlini and the background by Niccolò Nannetti (completed and discovered on 17 September 1718);
* Grotesque on the walls and vaults of the church of S. Salvatore in Vescovo;
* Frescoes on the staircase and in the atrium that introduce the "great hall" in the archbishop's palace which was rebuilt in 1737 by Monsignor Giuseppe Martelli (architecture by Anderlini background by Vincenzo Meucci);
* frescoes in the church of San Giuseppe, in collaboration with Sigismondo Betti, and in the Benedictine abbey in collaboration with Onorio Marinari.

* Anna Maria Matteucci, Peter Anderlini: virtusismi quadraturistici in a palace of Siena, in Perspective, 1989–1990, 57–60, p. 334–339.
* Carla Costa and Annarita Stools, Pistoia e Pescia: quadraturismo centers of the Baroque period, (Thesis)
* Fauzia Farnsworth, Stefano Bertocci, The architecture of deception in Florence: illusionistic spaces in the pictorial decoration of the churches between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries Publisher Alinea, 2002
* S. Melons Trkulja, Andorlini (Anderlini), Peter Painting in Italy. The eighteenth century, edited by G. Briganti, Milan, 2 vols., 1990 II, p. 604.
* E. Povoledo, Anderlini, Peter "Biographical Dictionary of Italians", Rome, III, 1961, p. 52.
* G.Veriani, Anderlini, Peter in "Encyclopedia of the Spectacle", Rome, 1954, I, p. 525.

Specific 1. Povoledo, Elena. "Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani – Volume 3 (1961)". *Treccani*. Retrieved 5 March 2018.


title: Mushabian culture

abstract: The Mushabian culture is an archaeological culture suggested to have originated among the Iberomaurusians in North Africa, though once thought to have originated in the Levant.

text:
# Mushabian culture

The **Mushabian culture** (alternately, **Mushabi** or **Mushabaean**) is an archaeological culture suggested to have originated among the Iberomaurusians in North Africa, though once thought to have originated in the Levant.

## Historical context

The culture is named after Wadi Mushabi and probably derives from the Nizzanian culture of the Negev.

According to Bar-Yosef and Emmanuel Anati, the Natufian culture had arisen as a result of the mixing of the local Kebarian culture of the Levant with the Mushabi culture.

## Archaeologists' opinions

According to Ofer Bar-Yosef :

*"A contemporary desertic entity was labeled "Mushabian," and was considered to be, on the basis of the technotypological features of its lithics, of North African origin. The fieldwork done in recent years in northern Sinai and the Negev has shown that the forms of the Mushabian microliths (mainly curved and arched backed bladelets) and the intensive use of the microburin technique was a trait foreign to previous Levantine industries, but instead is closer to the Iberomaurusian."*

According to Thomas Levy:

*"The Mushabian is commonly considered to have originated in North Africa, largely on the basis of habitual of the microburin technique and general morphological similarities with some assemblages in Nubia(Phillips and Mintz 1977; Bar-Yosef and Vogel 1987."*

According to Eric Delson:

*"A different industry, the Mushabian, is marked by steeply arched microliths and the frequent use of the microburin technique. The Mushabian is found exclusively in the arid interior southern Levant (e.g., Sinai), suggesting it could represent an arid-land adaptation. Some researchers have noted stylistic continuities between the Mushabian and the Ibero-Maurusian of North Africa, suggesting the Mushabian may represent a migration of African groups into the southern Levant."*

According to Deborah Olszewski:

*"At the time that Henry and Garrard analyzed and published the Tor Hamar assemblage, it was commonly believed that microburin technique appeared relatively late in the Levantine Epipaleolithic sequence, perhaps being derived from microburin technique in Egypt. Since then, however, several Jordanian sites have produced evidence of microburin technique well in advance of the latter part of the Epipaleolithic sequence. These include Wadi Uwaynid 18 and Wadi Uwaynid 14 in the Azraq region of Jordan, with radiocarbon dates between 19 800 and 18 400 uncal. BP, Tor at-Tareeq in the Wadi al-Hasa area of Jordan, with radiocarbon dates between 16 900 and 15 580 uncal. BP, and Tor Sageer, also in the Wadi al-Hasa area, with radiocarbon dates between 22 590 and 20 330 BP. This new evidence clearly documents the use of the microburin technique in the inland Levant during the earliest phases of the Epipaleolithic. Thus, its presence at sites such as Wadi Madamagh and Tor Hamar cannot necessarily be used to link these sites to the Mushabian Complex, a fact also noted by Byrd".*

According to Nigel Goring-Morris:

*"Another technological shift is reflected in the approach to microlith fabrication, when backed microliths replaced finely retouched types, sometimes using the microburin technique. The introduction and systematic use of this technique in the Levant (i.e., Nebekian, Nizzanan, and later the Mushabian, Ramonian, and Natufian) are an endemic phenomenon, originating east of the Rift Valley".*

## InfoBox

Mushabian
| Ramat MatredMushabian culture (Near East)Map showing the approximate location of the Mushabian culture | |
| --- | --- |
| Geographical range | Levant |
| Period | Epipaleolithic |
| Dates | c. 14,000 – c. 12,500 BP |
| Type site | Wadi Mushabi |
| Preceded by | Iberomaurusian |
| Followed by | Natufian culture |


title: Music Pool 2002

abstract:
Music Pool 2002 is the first live album by Hitomi Yada, released on 19 February 2003. The full title is Aozora Records Music Pool 2002 performed by Yaeko, as this event was an exposition of Aozora Records' artists at the time performing around and with Yada. Recorded in the Osaka International Expo Park, it features appearances by both Imogen Heap and Daishi Kataoka. The CD was released with an accompanying DVD of the concert, which included promotional videos for both Heap and Kataoka.
Songs by both Heap and Kataoka appear at the end of the CD. The artwork was produced by Yada herself. The audio version of Life's Like a love song seen on the DVD can be found as the bonus track on the Limited-edition Japanese release of i/fancy.

text:
# Music Pool 2002

***Music Pool 2002*** is the first live album by Hitomi Yada, released on 19 February 2003. The full title is **Aozora Records Music Pool 2002 performed by Yaeko**, as this event was an exposition of Aozora Records' artists at the time performing around and with Yada. Recorded in the Osaka International Expo Park, it features appearances by both Imogen Heap and Daishi Kataoka (Aozora and Yada producer and solo artist).

The CD was released with an accompanying DVD of the concert, which included promotional videos for both Heap and Kataoka. Songs by both Heap and Kataoka appear at the end of the CD. The artwork was produced by Yada herself.

The audio version of Life's Like a love song seen on the DVD can be found as the bonus track on the Limited-edition Japanese release of i/fancy.

## Track list

CD
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "B'coz I Love You" |  |
| 2. | "Dizzy Dive" |  |
| 3. | "Ring My Bell" |  |
| 4. | "Zeitaku na Sekai" |  |
| 5. | "Over the Distance" |  |
| 6. | "I Can Fly" |  |
| 7. | "I'm Here Saying Nothing" |  |
| 8. | "Nee" |  |
| 9. | "Moshimo no Uta" |  |
| 10. | "Look Back Again" |  |
| 11. | "Te to Namida" |  |
| 12. | "Angry Angel" (performed by Imogen Heap) |  |
| 13. | "Life Goes On 2002" (performed by Daishi Kataoka) |  |

DVD
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Angry Angel" (performed by Imogen Heap) |  |
| 2. | "Candlelight" (performed by Imogen Heap) |  |
| 3. | "B'coz I Love You" |  |
| 4. | "Dizzy Dive" |  |
| 5. | "Ring My Bell" |  |
| 6. | "Zeitaku na Sekai" |  |
| 7. | "Not Still Over" |  |
| 8. | "Over the Distance" |  |
| 9. | "I Can Fly" |  |
| 10. | "Life Goes On 2002" (performed by Daishi Katoaka with Yaiko) |  |
| 11. | "I'm Here Saying Nothing" |  |
| 12. | "Nee" |  |
| 13. | "Moshimo no Uta" |  |
| 14. | "Look Back Again" |  |
| 15. | "Te to Namida" |  |
| 16. | "I'm Not Afraid" (session with Imogen Heap) |  |
| 17. | "I like" (session with Imogen Heap) |  |
| 18. | "Life's Like a Love Song" |  |
| 19. | "I Like (UK mix)" (end credits with song) |  |
| 20. | "B-Love" (Daishi Katoaka promo music video) |  |
| 21. | "Aeroplane" (Imogen Heap promo music video) |  |

## InfoBox

| Music Pool 2002 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Yaiko
guest: Daishi Katoaka & Imogen Heap | |
| Released | 19 February 2003 |
| Recorded | Expo Commemoration Park, Osaka, Japan
27 July 2002 |
| Genre | J-pop |
| Language | English, Japanese |
| Label | Aozora |
| Producer | Diamond Head & Hitomi Yaida |
| Hitomi Yaida chronology | |
| *U.K. Completion*
(2002) ***Music Pool 2002***
(2003) *i/flancy*
(2002) | |


title: Alison Munro

abstract: Dame Alison Munro was an English civil servant and school headmistress.

text:
# Alison Munro

**Dame Alison Munro** DBE (12 February 1914 – 2 September 2008) was an English civil servant and school headmistress.

## Life and work

Munro was born in Liskeard, Cornwall, and brought up in South Africa by her father, John Donald, a doctor, and her mother, a concert pianist. The family moved to South Africa for her father's health, but he died 7 October 1927, shortly after his wife, Helen Barrow Donald (nee Wilson) who died 7 December 1926.

The four surviving children were left money and trustees to look after them. The children used the money to pay for their education and to manage their trustees. Munro's brother was physician Ian Donald, a pioneer of medical and obstetric ultrasound. In England, she went to St Hilda's College, Oxford, initially to study mathematics, but she switched subjects and graduated with a first degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics. In 1939, she married a pilot in the Royal Air Force, Ian Munro, but he was killed in 1943 while serving in 266 Squadron and she was left a widow with a child. She went on to work in the Air Ministry, first working for Robert Watson-Watt, who helped develop radar. She rose through the ranks until she was an under-secretary.

In 1964 she left her civil service career to serve at St Paul's Girls' School as High Mistress, the school that she attended when she first returned to England as a child. The governors decided to take a risk on Munro, given reassurance by her predecessor.

Munro was a formidable woman, and it has been said she never corrected the rumour that she was head hunted. Other sources say that she was indeed head hunted. Munro abolished the school uniform at the school, feeling that the girls were devoting too much energy to defying school uniform requirements; however, the girls then redirected their energy to appearing in fashionable clothes.

Following her departure from the school in 1974, she left education and spent many years leading two health authorities and government enquiries.

Munro died in West Wittering in 2008; she was survived by her son Alan.

## InfoBox

| Dame Alison MunroDBE | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 12 February 1914
Liskeard, Cornwall, England |
| Died | 2 September 2008(2008-09-02) (aged 94)
West Wittering, England |
| Known for | Headmistress of St Paul's Girls' School |


title: Myrmedophila

abstract: Myrmedophila is a genus of silken fungus beetles in the family Cryptophagidae. There is one described species in Myrmedophila, M. americana.

text:
# Myrmedophila

***Myrmedophila*** is a genus of silken fungus beetles in the family Cryptophagidae. There is one described species in *Myrmedophila*, *M. americana*.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Myrmedophila* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cryptophagidae |
| Tribe: | Cryptophagini |
| Genus: | *Myrmedophila*<br>Bousquet, 1989 |
|