title: USS Uncas (1843)

abstract: The first USS Uncas was a 192-ton steamer acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. Uncas was used as a gunboat by the Navy to patrol navigable waterways of the Confederacy to prevent the South from trading with other countries.

text:
# USS Uncas (1843)

The first **USS *Uncas*** was a 192-ton steamer acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War.

*Uncas* was used as a gunboat by the Navy to patrol navigable waterways of the Confederacy to prevent the South from trading with other countries.

## Built in New York City in 1843

*Uncas*—a screw steamer built at New York City in 1843—was purchased by the Navy there on 20 September 1861 from Dudley Buck for use with the United States Coast Survey. She was refitted at the New York Navy Yard from September 1861 to February 1862 and placed in service early in March.

## Civil War operations

### *Uncas* sent to Hampton Roads to strengthen Union forces there

However, before *Uncas* could begin her duties for the Coast Survey, the Confederate ironclad ram *CSS Virginia* attacked the Union warships blockading Hampton Roads, Virginia, sinking frigates *Cumberland* and *Congress* and endangering their consorts. As a result of the havoc created by the resurrected *Merrimack*, *Uncas* was sent to Hampton Roads to strengthen the Union naval forces still afloat there.

### Assigned to the North Atlantic Blockade

She had arrived in that strategic roadstead by 14 March and, three days later, was officially transferred to the Navy and assigned to the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron. Unfortunately, by that time, *Uncas'* brief service had revealed serious deficiencies in the ship; and she was ordered to Baltimore, Maryland, for repairs.

### Transferred to the Gulf of Mexico

While she was being readied for action, the Navy again changed its plans for the vessel and sent her to the western part of the Gulf of Mexico where Flag Officer David Farragut was preparing for his daring attack on New Orleans, Louisiana.

On 10 April, the steamer entered the Mississippi River where she was needed to help locate positions for Commander David D. Porter's mortar boats during his impending bombardment of Fort St. Philip and Fort Jackson. Farragut planned to use her as a gunboat in the Mississippi Sound. However, her machinery broke down again almost immediately, and the ship returned north for further repairs before beginning either task.

### Reassigned to the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron

The deficiencies were quickly corrected; and, on the 26th, the ship was steaming to Port Royal, South Carolina, to join Flag Officer Samuel F. Du Pont's South Atlantic Blockading Squadron—when she captured the schooner *Belle* 30 miles northwest of Charleston, South Carolina. The *Belle* was operating out of Nassau, New Providence, and purportedly bound for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, with a cargo of salt, pepper, and soap.

*Uncas* remained only briefly at Port Royal, being assigned on 29 April 1862 to the blockade of St. Simon's Sound, U.S. state of Georgia, and all inland waters extending from St. Catherine's to St. Andrew's Sounds.

### Florida operations

Uncas next received orders to Florida, arriving in the St. Johns River on 11 June 1862. *Uncas* first saw action on 1 September 1862 when she and *Patroon* engaged a company of Confederates at St. John's and Yellow Bluffs. Scattered incidents following this initial clash led to a major encounter with Southern batteries at St. John's Bluff on 11 September 1862. The engagement lasted four hours and 20 minutes. During the action, *Uncas* fired 143 shells and 13 solid shot while *Patroon* expended 60 shells. *Uncas* suffered considerable damage to her upperworks but weathered the fire and forced the defending Confederates to abandon, temporarily, the fort.

The ship and officers drew praise from Flag Officer Du Pont for their conduct. *Uncas* and *Patroon* fought a second, minor battle at the bluffs on 2 October 1862. *Uncas* continued patrol and reconnaissance work on the river through the winter and into the spring of 1863.

On 10 March 1863, in company with *Norwich*, *Uncas* escorted Army transports up the St. John's River with troops who landed and occupied Jacksonville, Florida.

## Decommissioning due to poor condition of the vessel

On 10 June 1863, Flag Officer Du Pont ordered *Uncas* to Port Royal for repairs. The vessel's deteriorated condition upon arrival prompted further orders on 4 July 1863 directing *Uncas* to proceed to the New York Navy Yard.

*Uncas* was stricken and sold at public auction at the New York Navy Yard on 21 August 1863. She was redocumented as *Claymont* on 20 November 1863 and remained in merchant service until abandoned in 1886.

*This article incorporates text from the public domain* Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships*. The entry can be found here.*

## InfoBox

| USS *Uncas*, with steam sloop USS *Tuscarora* and gunboat USS *Winona*, escort U.S. Army transports on their way to capture Roanoke Island and cut Albemarle Sound off from the sea early in 1862 during the American Civil War. | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | USS *Uncas* |
| Namesake | Uncas (c. 1588 - c. 1683), a sachem of the Mohegan tribe |
| Laid down | date unknown |
| Launched | 1843 |
| Acquired | 20 September 1861 |
| In service | * March 1862 * at New York City |
| Out of service |  |
| Stricken | 1863 |
| Fate | Sold 21 August 1863 |
| General characteristics | |
| Displacement | 192 tons |
| Length | 118 ft 6 in (36.12 m) |
| Beam | 23 ft 4 in (7.11 m) |
| Draught | 7 ft 6 in (2.29 m) |
| Propulsion | Steam engine, screw-propelled |
| Speed | 11.5 knots |
| Armament |  |


title: US Helicopter

abstract: US Helicopter was an independent air shuttle service that operated regularly scheduled helicopter flights from Manhattan to Newark and JFK airports. Flights left from Downtown and Midtown Manhattan Heliports to Delta Air Lines Terminal 3 at John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK). There were also flights to and from Bridgeport, Connecticut (BDR). It was headquartered at the Downtown Manhattan Heliport, Pier 6 E River in Lower Manhattan, New York City.

text:
# US Helicopter

**US Helicopter** (OTC Pink: USHP) was an independent air shuttle service that operated regularly scheduled helicopter flights from Manhattan to Newark and JFK airports. Flights left from Downtown (JRB, near Wall Street) and Midtown (TSS, East 34th Street) Manhattan Heliports to Delta Air Lines Terminal 3 at John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK). There were also flights to and from Bridgeport, Connecticut (BDR). It was headquartered at the Downtown Manhattan Heliport, Pier 6 E River in Lower Manhattan, New York City.

## Services

When operating, flights to the airport lasted eight minutes and cost $159. Flights operated on weekdays from 7:15 am to 7:45 pm, with service on the hour to JFK, then back to the Manhattan heliports at half past the hour. The company also offered chartered service to popular locations including the Hamptons, Washington, D.C., Mohegan Sun, Foxwoods and Atlantic City. Working with the air traffic control and FAA, the helicopters operated on specially dedicated flight paths between the heliports and airports. The fleet consisted of three 8-seat Sikorsky S-76 dual-engine helicopters with first-class executive leather interiors, each operated by two pilots. US Helicopter was the only scheduled helicopter airline service in the United States certified by both the United States Department of Transportation and the Federal Aviation Administration.

The company offered seasonal service to East Hampton, New York and Belmar, New Jersey. East Hampton flights took 35 minutes and Belmar flights took 18 minutes. These flights cost $799 and $326, respectively, and operated annually from June to September.

Each heliport was equipped with a VIP lounge/waiting area, as well as TSA screening capability. They had roomy leather chairs, large TVs, and Bloomberg Terminals. Passengers traveling via Delta Air Lines and Continental Airlines were checked in at the heliport and could obtain boarding passes and baggage receipts to their final destination. These passengers remained in secure areas, eliminating the need to go through airport security again at the airport. Passengers traveling with other airlines could connect to the appropriate terminal to complete the check-in process and proceed through security to their flight gate.

## History

The company started its service in March 2006. Service to the East 34th Street Heliport was added in September 2006 and to Newark Liberty International Airport in November 2006. Flights from Newark used to operate from a secured area at Gate 71 in Continental Airlines' Terminal C.

The company had severe financial difficulties in 2009 and had to borrow operating funds at high interest rates. On 25 September 2009, US Helicopter suddenly shut down. The next month, the company filed an 8-K form stating that it no longer had resources to continue to file Securities and Exchange Commission reports or prepare financial statements. The airline never operated again.

## Airports served

## Fleet

Notes

### Bibliography

* Pittman, Christopher. "US Helicopter delivers in New York City." Airways Magazine. March 2008: 21.

## InfoBox

US Helicopter
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| IATA ICAO Call sign  UH USH US HELI | |
| Founded | 2004 (2004) |
| Ceased operations | September 25, 2009 (2009-09-25) |
| Hubs | None |
| Focus cities | New York City |
| Frequent-flyer program | None |
| Alliance | Delta Air Lines |
| Subsidiaries | None |
| Fleet size | 3 |
| Destinations | 5 scheduled, many other chartered |
| Headquarters | New York City, New York |
| Key people | John F. Haskins (CEO & President)
Donal McSullivan (Senior VP, CMO)
George J. Mehm Jr. (Senior VP, CFO & Treasurer)
Terence O. Dennison (Senior VP, COO)

Gabriel Roberts (VP, Finance & Administration) |
| Website | FlyUSH.com (defunct) used by another organization |


title: Makolkol language

abstract: Makolkol is a possible Papuan language formerly spoken on the Gazelle Peninsula of East New Britain Province on the island of New Britain, Papua New Guinea. Stebbins (2010) reports it is unattested. Palmer (2018) treats it as unclassified. It is not known if it was related to the neighboring Baining languages. Rosensteel (1988) contains a 174-word list of Makolkol.

text:
# Makolkol language

**Makolkol** is a possible Papuan language formerly spoken on the Gazelle Peninsula of East New Britain Province on the island of New Britain, Papua New Guinea. Stebbins (2010) reports it is unattested. Palmer (2018) treats it as unclassified.

It is not known if it was related to the neighboring Baining languages.

Rosensteel (1988) contains a 174-word list of Makolkol.

## Sociolinguistic situation

Makolkol was spoken only in the village of Gunapeo. Speakers were shifting to Tok Pisin and Meramera. Rosensteel (1988) reported that out of a total population of about 35 ethnic people, there were 7 elderly fluent speakers.

1. Makolkol at *Ethnologue* (25th ed., 2022)
2. Dunn, Michael. 2012. Systematic typological comparison as a tool for investigating language history.
3. Palmer, Bill (2018). "Language families of the New Guinea Area". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). *The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide*. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 1–20. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
4. Rosensteel, Gary L. 1988. *A sociolinguistic survey report on five Baining languages: Kairak, Makolkol, Mali, Simbali and Uramët*. Unpublished manuscript. Ukarumpa: SIL.
5. Makolkol. *Languages of Papua New Guinea*. SIL International. (PDF).

## InfoBox

| Makolkol | |
| --- | --- |
| (unattested) | |
| Region | New Britain |
| Native speakers | 7 in 1988. May still be alive (2016) |
| Language family | unclassified |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | `zmh` |
| *Glottolog* | `mako1250` |
| ELP | Makolkol |


abstract: The Mali national under-16 and under-17 basketball team is a national basketball team of Mali, governed by the Fédération Malienne de Basketball. It represents the country in international under-16 and under-17 basketball competitions.

text:
# Mali men's national under-17 basketball team

The **Mali national under-16 and under-17 basketball team** is a national basketball team of Mali, governed by the Fédération Malienne de Basketball. It represents the country in international under-16 and under-17 (under age 16 and under age 17) basketball competitions.

## World Cup record

| Year | Pos. | Pld | W | L |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | *Did not qualify* | | | |
| 2012 | |
| 2014 | |
| 2016 | 15th | 7 | 2 | 5 |
| 2018 | 12th | 7 | 2 | 5 |
| 2022 | 15th | 7 | 2 | 5 |
| 2024 | *Did not qualify* | | | |
| 2026 | *To be determined* | | | |
| Total | 3/8 | 21 | 6 | 15 |

## InfoBox

Mali
| FIBA zone | FIBA Africa |
| --- | --- |
| National federation | Fédération Malienne de Basketball |
| Coach | Mamoutou Kané |
| World Cup | |
| Appearances | 3 |


abstract: The Mali men's national under-18 and under-19 basketball team is the representative for Mali in international basketball competitions, and it is organized and run by the Fédération Malienne de Basketball. The Mali men's national under-18 basketball team represents Mali at the FIBA U18 AfroBasket, where they have a chance to qualify for the FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup. At the 2019 FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup, Mali broke every record of African basketball teams as the team finished runner-up only to the favorites United States.

text:
# Mali men's national under-18 and -19 basketball team

The **Mali men's national under-18 and under-19 basketball team** is the representative for Mali in international basketball competitions, and it is organized and run by the Fédération Malienne de Basketball. The **Mali men's national under-18 basketball team** represents Mali at the FIBA U18 AfroBasket, where they have a chance to qualify for the FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup.

At the 2019 FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup, Mali broke every record of African basketball teams as the team finished runner-up only to the favorites United States.

## Current squad

Team at the 2019 FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup: (Silver medal squad)

| Mali roster | |
| --- | --- |
| Players | Coaches |
| Pos. No. Name Age – Date of birth Height Club  PG 4 Siriman Kanoute 17 – (2001-09-25)25 September 2001 1.76 m (5 ft 9 in) SLUC Nancy Basket   PG 5 Aboubacar Kassim Djire 18 – (2000-09-11)11 September 2000 1.69 m (5 ft 7 in)    6 Modibo Sanogo 18 – (2001-06-17)17 June 2001 2.05 m (6 ft 9 in)    PG 9 Martin Diakite 19 – (2000-02-01)1 February 2000 1.81 m (5 ft 11 in) Pornic Basket Saint Michel   SF 10 Fousseyni Drame 18 – (2000-08-18)18 August 2000 2.00 m (6 ft 7 in) Our Savior New American   11 Oumar Ballo 16 – (2002-07-13)13 July 2002 2.08 m (6 ft 10 in) Gonzaga Bulldogs men's basketball   PF 12 Abdoul Karim Coulibaly 18 – (2000-12-23)23 December 2000 2.04 m (6 ft 8 in) St. Vincent Pallotti High School   PF 13 Abdramane Camara 19 – (2000-04-11)11 April 2000 2.05 m (6 ft 9 in)    SG 14 Hassan Drame 18 – (2000-08-18)18 August 2000 2.00 m (6 ft 7 in) Our Savior New American   23 Mohamed Keita 18 – (2001-06-16)16 June 2001 2.07 m (6 ft 9 in) US O'Bezons   SG 24 Gaoussou Fofana 18 – (2000-12-25)25 December 2000 1.94 m (6 ft 4 in)    PF 35 Mohamed Sidibe 17 – (2002-05-25)25 May 2002 1.96 m (6 ft 5 in) SLUC Nancy Basket | ---  Legend* **Club** – describes current club * **Age** – describes age
on 29 June 2019 |

## Competitive record

## InfoBox

Mali
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| FIBA ranking | 27 |
| Joined FIBA | 1961 |
| FIBA zone | FIBA Africa |
| National federation | Mali Basketball Federation |
| Coach | Alhadji Dicko |
| U19 World Cup | |
| Appearances | 4 |
| Medals | ***Silver:*** 1 (2019) |
| U18 AfroBasket | |
| Appearances | 12 |
| Medals | ***Gold:*** 2 (2018, 2020)
***Silver:*** 1 (2006)
***Bronze:*** 6 (2000, 2002, 2010, 2014, 2016, 2022) |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Malone-Porter, Washington

abstract: Malone-Porter was a census-designated place (CDP) in Grays Harbor County, Washington, United States. The population was 473 at the 2000 census. For the 2010 census the area was split into two CDPs, Malone and Porter, two small towns located just off U.S. Route 12, southeast of Elma and northwest of Oakville, and along a shortline that is part of Puget Sound and Pacific Railroad.

text:
# Malone-Porter, Washington

**Malone-Porter** was a census-designated place (CDP) in Grays Harbor County, Washington, United States. The population was 473 at the 2000 census. For the 2010 census the area was split into two CDPs, Malone and Porter, two small towns located just off U.S. Route 12, southeast of Elma and northwest of Oakville, and along a shortline that is part of Puget Sound and Pacific Railroad.

## Malone

Malone is the home of Red's Hop N' Market, a mini-mart that is also the U.S. Postal Service's (USPS) first official village post office, a post office located within an existing retail establishment, with limited service and no full-time postmaster. The mini-mart's owner is paid $2,000/year by the US Postal Service to sell stamps and shipping supplies and allow the USPS to place mailboxes on-site.

## Porter

Porter was named after Fairchild Porter, who settled in the area around 1860.

Much of Porter was destroyed by fire on January 31, 1924. Porter Saloon was re-built later that same year. When it re-opened in 1933 following the repeal of Prohibition, it was one of the first establishments to receive a liquor license in the State of Washington.

## Geography

The Malone-Porter CDP was located at 46°57′26″N 123°19′16″W / 46.957344°N 123.321008°W / 46.957344; -123.321008 (46.957344, -123.321008).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP had a total area of 27.3 km2 (10.5 sq mi), all of it land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 473 people, 172 households, and 124 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 44.9 people per square mile (17.3/km2). There were 194 housing units at an average density of 18.4/sq mi (7.1/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 90.70% White, 0.85% Native American, 0.21% Asian, 1.06% from other races, and 7.19% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.77% of the population.

There were 172 households, out of which 37.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.0% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.9% were non-families. 20.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.23.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 29.6% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 24.5% from 45 to 64, and 9.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.4 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $37,875, and the median income for a family was $43,036. Males had a median income of $32,266 versus $27,768 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $15,434. About 9.1% of families and 8.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.5% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

## InfoBox

| Malone-Porter, Washington | |
| --- | --- |
| Former CDP | |
| Location of Malone-Porter, Washington | |
| Coordinates: 46°58′42″N 123°18′21″W / 46.97833°N 123.30583°W / 46.97833; -123.30583 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Washington |
| County | Grays Harbor |
| Area | |
| Total | 10.5 sq mi (27.3 km2) |
| Land | 10.5 sq mi (27.3 km2) |
| Water | 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2) |
| Elevation | 400 ft (100 m) |
| Population (2000) | |
| Total | 473 |
| Density | 45/sq mi (17.3/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-8 (Pacific (PST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-7 (PDT) |
| ZIP code | 98559 (Malone) |
| Area code | 360 |
| FIPS code | 53-42355 |


title: Uegusuku Castle (Kume)

abstract: Uegusuku Castle is a Ryukyuan gusuku in Kumejima, Okinawa, on Kume Island. It was the home to the Aji of Kume Magiri before the 16th century. It is now a ruined castle.

text:
# Uegusuku Castle (Kume)

**Uegusuku Castle** (宇江城城, *Uegusuku jō*, Okinawan: *Wiigushiku*) is a Ryukyuan *gusuku* in Kumejima, Okinawa, on Kume Island. It was the home to the Aji of Kume Magiri before the 16th century. It is now a ruined castle.

## InfoBox

| Uegusuku Castle
宇江城城 | |
| --- | --- |
| Kumejima, Okinawa | |
| Type | *Gusuku* |
| Site information | |
| Controlled by | Ryūkyū Kingdom (16th century–1879)
Empire of Japan (1879–1945)
United States Military Government of the Ryukyu Islands(1945-1950)
United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands(1950-1972)
Japan(1972-present) |
| Open to
the public | yes |
| Condition | Ruins |
| Site history | |
| Built | 15th century |
| Materials | Ryukyuan limestone, wood |
| Garrison information | |
| Occupants | Aji of Kume |


title: Malovice

abstract: Malovice is a municipality and village in Prachatice District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants. Malovice lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) north-east of Prachatice, 23 km (14 mi) north-west of České Budějovice, and 112 km (70 mi) south of Prague.

text:
# Malovice

**Malovice** is a municipality and village in Prachatice District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.

Malovice lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) north-east of Prachatice, 23 km (14 mi) north-west of České Budějovice, and 112 km (70 mi) south of Prague.

## Administrative parts

The villages of Holečkov, Hradiště, Krtely, Malovičky and Podeřiště are administrative parts of Malovice.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 1,316 |  |
| 1880 | 1,373 | +4.3% |
| 1890 | 1,218 | −11.3% |
| 1900 | 1,204 | −1.1% |
| 1910 | 1,266 | +5.1% |
| 1921 | 1,288 | +1.7% |
| 1930 | 1,189 | −7.7% |
| 1950 | 927 | −22.0% |
| 1961 | 846 | −8.7% |
| 1970 | 732 | −13.5% |
| 1980 | 696 | −4.9% |
| 1991 | 634 | −8.9% |
| 2001 | 647 | +2.1% |
| 2011 | 608 | −6.0% |
| 2021 | 636 | +4.6% |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## InfoBox

| Malovice | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Chapel in the centre of Malovice | |
|  | |
| MaloviceLocation in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 49°5′29″N 14°13′33″E / 49.09139°N 14.22583°E / 49.09139; 14.22583 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | South Bohemian |
| District | Prachatice |
| First mentioned | 1315 |
| Area | |
| Total | 24.79 km2 (9.57 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 411 m (1,348 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01) | |
| Total | 672 |
| Density | 27/km2 (70/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 384 11 |
| Website | www.malovice.cz |


title: Malian Cup

abstract: The Malian Cup, known as the Coupe du Mali Orange for sponsorship reasons, is the top knockout tournament of the Malien football. The competition is the only one where some of the clubs who won titles are based outside Bamako, the Malian capital.

text:
# Malian Cup

The **Malian Cup**, known as the **Coupe du Mali Orange** for sponsorship reasons, is the top knockout tournament of the Malien football.

The competition is the only one where some of the clubs who won titles are based outside Bamako, the Malian capital.

## Winners

| Season | Winner | Score | Runner-up |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1961 | **Stade Malien** (Bamako) | 3-3
2-1 | Djoliba AC (Bamako) |
| 1962 | **AS Real** (Bamako) | 7-1 | Sonni AC (Gao) |
| 1963 | **Stade Malien** (Bamako) | 6-3 | Avenir (Ségou) |
| 1964 | **AS Real** (Bamako) | 4-3 | Djoliba AC (Bamako) |
| 1965 | **Djoliba AC** (Bamako) | 5-1 | Kayésienne |
| 1966 | **AS Real** (Bamako) | 0-0
2-0 | Avenir (Ségou) |
| 1967 | **AS Real** (Bamako) | 4-1 | US Sevaré |
| 1968 | **AS Real** (Bamako) | 1-0 | Stade Malien (Bamako) |
| 1969 | **AS Real** (Bamako) | 8-2 | Africa Sports (Gao) |
| 1970 | **Stade Malien** (Bamako) | 10-0 | Kayésienne |
| 1971 | **Djoliba AC** (Bamako) | 4-0 | Jeunesse Sportive (Ségou) |
| 1972 | **Stade Malien** (Bamako) | 5-1 | Avenir (Ségou) |
| 1973 | **Djoliba AC** (Bamako) | 1-1
1-0 | AS Real (Bamako) |
| 1974 | **Djoliba AC** (Bamako) | 2-0 | Cercle Olympique (Bamako) |
| 1975 | **Djoliba AC** (Bamako) | 1-1
1-0 | Stade Malien (Bamako) |
| 1976 | **Djoliba AC** (Bamako) | 0-0
3-0 | Avenir (Ségou) |
| 1977 | **Djoliba AC** (Bamako) | 6-1 | Tibo Club (Mopti) |
| 1978 | **Djoliba AC** (Bamako) | 1-1
2-1 | AS Real (Bamako) |
| 1979 | **Djoliba AC** (Bamako) | 3-1 | Stade Malien (Bamako) |
| 1980 | **AS Real** (Bamako) | 1-0 | Djoliba AC (Bamako) |
| 1981 | **Djoliba AC** (Bamako) | 1-0 | AS Real (Bamako) |
| 1982 | **Stade Malien** (Bamako) | 4-2 | AS Biton (Ségou) |
| 1983 | **Djoliba AC** (Bamako) | 1-0 | Stade Malien (Bamako) |
| 1984 | **Stade Malien** (Bamako) | 3-1 | Djoliba AC (Bamako) |
| 1985 | **Stade Malien** (Bamako) | 4-2 | Djoliba AC (Bamako) |
| 1986 | **Stade Malien** (Bamako) | 1-1
2-1 | Djoliba AC (Bamako) |
| 1987 | **AS Sigui** (Kayès) | 2-1 | AS Real (Bamako) |
| 1988 | **Stade Malien** (Bamako) | 3-1 | Djoliba AC (Bamako) |
| 1989 | **AS Real** (Bamako) | 2-0 | Djoliba AC (Bamako) |
| 1990 | **Stade Malien** (Bamako) | 1-0 | Djoliba AC (Bamako) |
| 1991 | **AS Real** (Bamako) | 2-1 | AS Mandé (Bamako) |
| 1992 | **Stade Malien** (Bamako) | 1-1
1-0 | AS Real (Bamako) |
| 1993 | **Djoliba AC** (Bamako) | 4-0 | USFAS Bamako |
| 1994 | **Stade Malien** (Bamako) | 2-0 (aet) | AS Nianan (Koulikoro) |
| 1995 | **Stade Malien** (Bamako) | 1-0 | USFAS Bamako |
| 1996 | **Djoliba AC** (Bamako) | 2-1 | AS Real (Bamako) |
| 1997 | **Stade Malien** (Bamako) | 2-1 | AS Real (Bamako) |
| 1998 | **Djoliba AC** (Bamako) | 1-0 (aet) | Stade Malien (Bamako) |
| 1999 | **Stade Malien** (Bamako) | 1-0 | AS Nianan (Koulikoro) |
| 2000 | **Cercle Olympique** (Bamako) | 1-0 | Stade Malien (Bamako) |
| 2001 | **Stade Malien** (Bamako) | 5-0 | Mamahira AC (Kati) |
| 2002 | **Cercle Olympique** (Bamako) | 2-1 | Stade Malien (Bamako) |
| 2003 | **Djoliba AC** (Bamako) | 2-1 (aet) | AS Tata National (Sikasso) |
| 2004 | **Djoliba AC** (Bamako) | 2-0 | AS Nianan (Koulikoro) |
| 2005 | **AS Bamako** | 1-1 (5-4 aet) | Djoliba AC (Bamako) |
| 2006 | **Stade Malien** (Bamako) | 2-1 | AS Bamako |
| 2007 | **Djoliba AC** (Bamako) | 2-0 | AS Bakaridjan de Barouéli |
| 2008 | **Djoliba AC** (Bamako) | 2-0 | Cercle Olympique (Bamako) |
| 2009 | **Djoliba AC** (Bamako) | 1-0 | Stade Malien |
| 2010 | **AS Real** (Bamako) | 2-1 | Centre Salif Keita |
| 2011 | **Cercle Olympique** (Bamako) | 2-1 (aet) | Stade Malien (Bamako) |
| 2012 | **US Bougouni** (Bougouni) | 2-1 | Onze Créateurs de Niaréla (Bamako) |
| 2013 | **Stade Malien** (Bamako) | 1-0 | Djoliba AC (Bamako) |
| 2014 | **Onze Créateurs de Niaréla** (Bamako) | 1-0 | Djoliba AC (Bamako) |
| 2015 | **Stade Malien** (Bamako) | 2-1 | Onze Créateurs de Niaréla |
| 2016 | **AS Onze Créateurs** (Bamako) | 0-0 (7-6 p) | USFAS Bamako (Bamako) |
| 2017 | *not finished; final between Stade Malien and Djoliba AC not played (may be played in 2018)* | | |
| 2018 | **Stade Malien** (Bamako) | 2-1 | Djoliba AC (Bamako) |
| 2019 | Not held | | |
|
| 2020 | Abandoned | | |
| 2021 | **Stade Malien** (Bamako) | 3-2 | Binga FC (Bamako) |
| 2022 | **Djoliba AC** (Bamako) | 2-0 | AS Real (Bamako) |
| 2023 | **Stade Malien** (Bamako) | 1-0 | Onze Créateurs de Niaréla |

## InfoBox

Malian Cup
*Coupe du Mali Orange*
| Founded | 1960 |
| --- | --- |
| Region | Mali |
| Number of teams | c. 50 |
| Current champions | Stade Malien (22nd time)
(2023) |
| Most successful club(s) | Stade Malien (22) |
| *2024 Malian Cup* | |


title: Man-cheti

abstract: Man cheti was a “ginger yellow” cotton cloth made in India in the 15th century. Made in lengths of fifty feet and a width of four feet or more, it was a closely woven cloth with a sturdy construction.

text:
# Man-cheti

**Man cheti** was a “ginger yellow” cotton cloth made in India in the 15th century. Made in lengths of fifty feet and a width of four feet or more, it was a closely woven cloth with a sturdy construction.

## Mentions (Ma Huan's account of Bengal)

Chinese translator, voyager and writer Ma Huan noted ''Man - chê - ti'' in addition to other Indian cotton varieties in his account of Bengal.


title: Man-hour

abstract: A man-hour or human-hour is the amount of work performed by the average worker in one hour. It is used for estimation of the total amount of uninterrupted labor required to perform a task. For example, researching and writing a college paper might require eighty man-hours, while preparing a family banquet from scratch might require ten man-hours. Man-hours exclude the breaks that people generally require from work, e.g. for rest, eating, and other bodily functions. They count only pure labor. Managers count the man-hours and add break time to estimate the amount of time a task will actually take to complete. Thus, while one college course's written paper might require twenty man-hours to carry out, it almost certainly will not get done in twenty consecutive hours. Its progress will be interrupted by work for other courses, meals, sleep, and other human necessities.

text:
# Man-hour

A **man-hour** or **human-hour** is the amount of work performed by the average worker in one hour. It is used for estimation of the total amount of uninterrupted labor required to perform a task. For example, researching and writing a college paper might require eighty man-hours, while preparing a family banquet from scratch might require ten man-hours.

Man-hours exclude the breaks that people generally require from work, e.g. for rest, eating, and other bodily functions. They count only pure labor. Managers count the man-hours and add break time to estimate the amount of time a task will actually take to complete. Thus, while one college course's written paper might require twenty man-hours to carry out, it almost certainly will not get done in twenty consecutive hours. Its progress will be interrupted by work for other courses, meals, sleep, and other human necessities.

## Real-world applications

The advantage of the man-hour concept is that it can be used to estimate the impact of staff changes on the amount of time required for a task, which can done by dividing the number of man-hours by the number of workers available. For example, if a task takes 20 man-hours to complete then a team of 2 people will complete it in 10 hours of work, while a team of 5 people will complete it in 4 hours.

This is, of course, only appropriate to certain types of activities. It is of most use when considering 'piece-work', where the activity being managed consists of discrete activities having simple dependencies, and where other factors can be neglected. Therefore, adding another person to a packaging team will increase the output of that team in a predictable manner. In transport industry, this concept is superseded by passenger-mile and tonne-mile for better costing accuracy.

In reality, other factors intervene to complicate this model. If some elements of the task have a natural timespan, adding more staff will have a reduced effect: although having two chefs will double the speed of some elements of food preparation, they roast a chicken no faster than one chef. Some tasks also have a natural number of staff associated with them: the time to chop the vegetables will be halved with the addition of the second chef, but the time to carve the chicken will remain the same. Economies of scale and diseconomies of scale further lead to a non-linear relationship between the number of workers doing a given task and the amount of time it takes them to complete it. Some tasks cannot be done by less than a required minimum number of workers (e.g. lifting heavy loads) or they will be done with drastically better efficiency if the workforce exceeds a minimum efficient scale. In other cases an excessive number of workers might get in each other's way, reducing efficiency and the per person productivity of the individual worker.

Another example is the adage, "Just because a woman can make a baby in nine months, it does not follow that nine women can make a baby in one month." This adage is often cited in systems development to justify the belief that adding more staff to a project does not guarantee it will get done quicker.

Another problem with this model, as Fred Brooks noted, is that organization, training, and co-ordination activities could more than outweigh the potential benefits of adding extra staff to work on a task, especially if considered only over a shorter time period.

## Similar units

The similar concept of a **man-day**, **man-week**, **man-month**, or **man-year** is used on large projects. It is the amount of work performed by an average worker during one day, week, month, or year, respectively. The number of hours worked by an individual during a year varies greatly according to cultural norms and economics. The average annual hours actually worked per person in employment as reported by OECD countries in 2007, for example, ranged from a minimum of 1,389 hours (in the Netherlands) to a maximum of 2,316 hours (in South Korea).

## Productive system hours

The concept of productive system hours (PSH) has been used in forestry in Austria and by extension to other work. It includes time for breaks and can be used to calculate how long it may take to complete a task, including required recovery times from physically strenuous work, as well as legally required breaks or other human interactions. If it includes 15-minute breaks, it is written as (PSH15).

A related concept is productive machine hours (PMH).

## Sources


title: Man-hee

abstract:
Man-hee, also spelled Man-hui, is a Korean unisex given name. Its meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are 19 hanja with the reading "man" and 24 hanja with the reading "hee" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names. People with this name include:
  - Lee Man-hee, South Korean religious leader
  - Lee Man-hee, South Korean film director
  - Ban Hyo-jung, South Korean actress
  - Choi Man-hee, South Korean football player

text:
# Man-hee

**Man-hee**, also spelled **Man-hui**, is a Korean unisex given name. Its meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are 19 hanja with the reading "man" and 24 hanja with the reading "hee" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names.

People with this name include:

## InfoBox

| Man-hee | |
| --- | --- |
| Hangul | 만희 |
| Hanja | , , , and others |
| Revised Romanization | *Man-hui* |
| McCune–Reischauer | *Man-hŭi* |


title: Malpas railway station

abstract: Malpas railway station was a railway station that served the market town of Malpas, Cheshire, on the Whitchurch and Tattenhall Railway or Chester–Whitchurch Branch Line. The station itself was at Hampton Heath and was also known locally as Hampton Station.

text:
# Malpas railway station

**Malpas railway station** was a railway station that served the market town of Malpas, Cheshire, on the Whitchurch and Tattenhall Railway or Chester–Whitchurch Branch Line. The station itself was at Hampton Heath and was also known locally as Hampton Station.

## History

On the eve of an official visit to Chester in May 1917 during the First World War, the Royal Train carrying George V and Queen Mary stopped for the night at Malpas station. Troops from the Household Division guarded the area throughout the stay.

In 1944, wounded German POWs captured in Normandy during Operation Overlord were brought to Malpas before being transferred to the US Army hospital established just across the border in Penley, Wales.

The track bed has been almost built on by industrial units but is still traceable. The station building has been restored. The buildings are now used as offices.

## Services

| Preceding station |  | Disused railways |  | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Broxton
Line and station closed |  | London and North Western Railway
Whitchurch and Tattenhall Railway |  | Grindley Brook Halt
Line and station closed |

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Malpas | |
| --- | --- |
| Station building in use as offices (2013) | |
| General information | |
| Location | Hampton Heath, Cheshire West and Chester
England |
| Coordinates | 53°02′16″N 2°45′02″W / 53.0379°N 2.7506°W / 53.0379; -2.7506 |
| Grid reference | SJ498491 |
| Line(s) | Whitchurch and Tattenhall Railway |
| Platforms | 2 |
| Other information | |
| Status | Disused |
| History | |
| Original company | London and North Western Railway |
| Pre-grouping | London and North Western Railway |
| Post-grouping | London, Midland and Scottish Railway |
| Key dates | |
| 1 October 1872 (1872-10-01) | Opened |
| 16 September 1957 (1957-09-16) | Closed |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Malpas Tunnel

abstract: The Malpas tunnel carries the Canal du Midi under the d'Ensérune hill in Hérault, France. Excavated in 1679, it was Europe's first navigable canal tunnel and is a monument to the determination of Pierre-Paul Riquet, the chief engineer. It is located in the commune of Nissan-lez-Ensérune near to the archaeological site Oppidum d'Ensérune. There was great disappointment when the works reached the hill d'Ensérune. A few metres of digging in hard rock revealed a very brittle sandstone subject to slippage. Colbert, the prime minister, halted the works when he was made aware of the situation. The portal was blocked and the workings re-sited. Riquet's detractors took advantage of this situation to impede the project. Colbert announced that he would send royal commissioners to decide the canal's future. The advice of the Chevalier de Clerville, architect to Louis XIV, was to cross the river Aude rather than tunnel through the hill. Riquet, however, maintained his preference for a tunnel because of the extra problems that crossing the Aude would create. Riquet's response was to ask his master mason, Pascal de Nissan, to continue tunneling in secret despite the risk of collapse. In less than eight days the tunnel was complete with a concrete ceiling throughout. The tunnel is 165m long with an arch 8m above the canal's surface, and removed the necessity for an extra lock. By the time the Malpas Tunnel was excavated in the seventeenth century, the hill had already for several centuries been the site of a tunnel, dug in the Middle Ages, to drain the Étang de Montady. This pre-existing tunnel is said to have been Riquet's inspiration for the Malpas Tunnel. In the nineteenth century, a third tunnel was excavated, passing through the Hill d'Ensérune beneath the Malpas tunnel to house the Béziers to Narbonne railway line.

text:
# Malpas Tunnel

The **Malpas tunnel** carries the Canal du Midi under the d'Ensérune hill in Hérault, France. Excavated in 1679, it was Europe's first navigable canal tunnel and is a monument to the determination of Pierre-Paul Riquet, the chief engineer. It is located in the commune of Nissan-lez-Ensérune near to the archaeological site Oppidum d'Ensérune.

There was great disappointment when the works reached the hill d'Ensérune. A few metres of digging in hard rock revealed a very brittle sandstone subject to slippage. Colbert, the prime minister, halted the works when he was made aware of the situation. The portal was blocked and the workings re-sited. Riquet's detractors took advantage of this situation to impede the project. Colbert announced that he would send royal commissioners to decide the canal's future. The advice of the Chevalier de Clerville, architect to Louis XIV, was to cross the river Aude rather than tunnel through the hill. Riquet, however, maintained his preference for a tunnel because of the extra problems that crossing the Aude would create.

Riquet's response was to ask his master mason, Pascal de Nissan, to continue tunneling in secret despite the risk of collapse. In less than eight days the tunnel was complete with a concrete ceiling throughout. The tunnel is 165m long with an arch 8m above the canal's surface, and removed the necessity for an extra lock.

By the time the Malpas Tunnel was excavated in the seventeenth century, the hill had already for several centuries been the site of a tunnel, dug in the Middle Ages, to drain the Étang de Montady. This pre-existing tunnel is said to have been Riquet's inspiration for the Malpas Tunnel. In the nineteenth century, a third tunnel was excavated, passing through the Hill d'Ensérune beneath the Malpas tunnel to house the Béziers to Narbonne railway line.

### Further reading

* Roland, Claudine (1997). *The Canal du Midi* (English Translation ed.). MSM. ISBN 2-909998-66-5.

43°18′26″N 3°7′36″E / 43.30722°N 3.12667°E / 43.30722; 3.12667


title: Ugnouas

abstract: Ugnouas is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.

text:
# Ugnouas

**Ugnouas** is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.

## InfoBox

| Ugnouas | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
|  | |
| Location of Ugnouas | |
| UgnouasUgnouas | |
| Coordinates: 43°20′30″N 0°06′00″E / 43.3417°N 0.1°E / 43.3417; 0.1 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Occitania |
| Department | Hautes-Pyrénées |
| Arrondissement | Tarbes |
| Canton | Val d'Adour-Rustan-Madiranais |
| Intercommunality | Adour Madiran |
| Area**1** | 1.59 km2 (0.61 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 84 |
| Density | 53/km2 (140/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 65457 /65140 |
| Elevation | 235–243 m (771–797 ft)
(avg. 240 m or 790 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Man of Many Parts

abstract: Man of Many Parts is an album by multi-instrumentalist and composer Buddy Collette recorded at sessions in 1956 and released on the Contemporary label.

text:
# Man of Many Parts

***Man of Many Parts*** is an album by multi-instrumentalist and composer Buddy Collette recorded at sessions in 1956 and released on the Contemporary label.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Allmusic* |  |
| *Disc* |  |
| *The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings* |  |

The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow states: "Collette is showcased on tenor, alto, clarinet, and his strongest ax, flute. He also contributed nine of the dozen selections".

## Track listing

All compositions by Buddy Collette except where noted.

1. "Cycle" - 2:51
2. "Makin' Whoopee" (Gus Kahn, Walter Donaldson) - 3:36
3. "Ruby" (Heinz Eric Roemheld, Mitchell Parish) - 2:48
4. "St. Andrews Place Blues" - 3:42
5. "Cheryl Ann" - 4:35
6. "Sunset Drive" - 3:20
7. "Jazz City Blues" - 4:43
8. "Slappy's Tune" - 3:39
9. "Frenesí" (Alberto Dominguez) - 2:42
10. "Santa Monica" - 3:43
11. "Jungle Pipe" - 4:02
12. "Zan" - 3:20

* Recorded at Contemporary's studio in Los Angeles on February 13, 1956 (tracks 1, 3, 8 & 10), February 24, 1956 (tracks 2, 6, 7 & 9) and April 17, 1956 (tracks 4, 5, 11 & 12).

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Man of Many Parts | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Buddy Collette | |
| Released | 1957 |
| Recorded | August 6, October 15 and December 4, 1956 |
| Studio | Contemporary Records Studio, Los Angeles, California |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 40:53 |
| Label | Contemporary C3522 |
| Producer | Lester Koenig |
| Buddy Collette chronology | |
| *Tanganyika*
(1956) ***Man of Many Parts***
(1957) *Nice Day with Buddy Collette*
(1957) | |


title: Man of Miracles

abstract: Man of Miracles is the fourth album by Styx, released in October 1974. It entered the Billboard Album charts on November 9, where it reached No. 154. This would be the band's last original album on the independent Chicago-based label Wooden Nickel Records before moving to the major label A&M.

text:
# Man of Miracles

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Rolling Stone Album Guide* |  |

***Man of Miracles*** is the fourth album by Styx, released in October 1974. It entered the *Billboard* Album charts on November 9, where it reached No. 154.

This would be the band's last original album on the independent Chicago-based label Wooden Nickel Records before moving to the major label A&M.

## Background

The album had a diverse sound, it showcased the style of two band members and a pre-commercial sound: James "JY" Young songs were more straight ahead hard rockers, while Dennis DeYoung songs were more mellow ballads, classical, and prog rock songs.

The original issue contained the catchy upbeat cover of "Lies" by The Knickerbockers in 1965. A second release of *Man of Miracles* substituted this with "Best Thing", a song also contained on the first Styx album from 1972, as the opening track on side two. The album was again reissued in 1980 with new artwork and a newly abbreviated title, ***Miracles***. This version started the second side with the ballad "Unfinished Song", which is sung by Dennis DeYoung.

## Track listing

Side one
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Lead vocals | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Rock & Roll Feeling" | James Young, John Curulewski | Young | 3:02 |
| 2. | "Havin' a Ball" | Curulewski, Young | Young | 3:53 |
| 3. | "Golden Lark" | Dennis DeYoung | DeYoung | 3:23 |
| 4. | "A Song for Suzanne" | DeYoung | DeYoung | 5:15 |
| 5. | "A Man Like Me" | Young | Young | 2:57 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Lead vocals | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6. | "Lies" | Buddy Randell, Beau Charles | DeYoung | 2:41 |
| 7. | "Evil Eyes" | DeYoung | DeYoung | 4:02 |
| 8. | "Southern Woman" | Young, Ray Brandle | Young | 3:10 |
| 9. | "Christopher, Mr. Christopher" | DeYoung | DeYoung | 4:02 |
| 10. | "Man of Miracles" | Young, DeYoung, Brandle | Young | 4:55 |

## Personnel

### Styx

### Production

* Producer: John Ryan for Chicago Kid Productions
* Engineer: Gary Loizzo

## Artwork

The cover art was designed by Leon Rosenblatt, whose name is printed on the back credits as "Lee Rosenblatt."

## Miscellaneous

The initials "LJR" are plainly visible in the wizard's beard, and were likely hidden there by the album's artist, Leon J. Rosenblatt.

## Charts

| Chart (1974) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 154 |

## InfoBox

| Man of Miracles | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Styx | |
| Released | November 8, 1974 |
| Recorded | 1974 |
| Studio | Golden Voice Studios, South Pekin, IL |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 37:20 |
| Label | Wooden Nickel |
| Producer | John Ryan, Bill Traut |
| Styx chronology | |
| *The Serpent Is Rising*
(1973) ***Man of Miracles***
(1974) *Equinox*
(1975) | |


title: Uchkun, Osh

abstract: Uchkun is a village in the Osh Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Kara-Suu District. Its population was 0 in 2021.

text:
# Uchkun, Osh

**Uchkun** is a village in the Osh Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Kara-Suu District. Its population was 0 in 2021.

## InfoBox

| Uchkun | |
| --- | --- |
| Uchkun | |
| Coordinates: 40°30′30″N 73°8′40″E / 40.50833°N 73.14444°E / 40.50833; 73.14444 | |
| Country | Kyrgyzstan |
| Region | Osh Region |
| District | Kara-Suu District |
| Elevation | 1,591 m (5,220 ft) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 0 |
| Time zone | UTC+6 |


title: Udagama Kanda

abstract: Udagama Kanda, a mountain in Sri Lanka, situated in Padukka Division, Colombo district, Western Province. It is the highest mountain in the district reaching a height of 1492 feet above sea level. The Labugama and Kalatuwawa reservoirs are also situated in the same mountain range. The mountain is mainly covered by Labugama - Kalatuwawa Forest Strict Reserve which is roughly the catchment area of the said reservoirs and is home to wild cats, foxes, deer, sambhur, wild boar, wild hare and porcupines. The village of Udagama is also on the slopes of the mountain.

text:
# Udagama Kanda

**Udagama Kanda**, a mountain in Sri Lanka, situated in Padukka Division, Colombo district, Western Province. It is the highest mountain in the district reaching a height of 1492 feet above sea level. The Labugama and Kalatuwawa reservoirs are also situated in the same mountain range. The mountain is mainly covered by Labugama - Kalatuwawa Forest Strict Reserve which is roughly the catchment area of the said reservoirs and is home to wild cats, foxes, deer, sambhur, wild boar, wild hare and porcupines. The village of Udagama is also on the slopes of the mountain.


title: Udea carniolica

abstract: Udea carniolica is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Italy, Austria and Slovenia.

text:
# Udea carniolica

***Udea carniolica*** is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Italy, Austria and Slovenia.

## InfoBox

| *Udea carniolica* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Udea* |
| Species: | ***U. carniolica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Udea carniolica***<br>Huemer & Tarmann, 1989 | |
|


title: Mammaglobin-B

abstract: Mammaglobin-B also known as secretoglobin family 2A member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCGB2A1 gene.

text:
# Mammaglobin-B

**Mammaglobin-B** also known as **secretoglobin family 2A member 1** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *SCGB2A1* gene.

## SCGB2A1 and breast cancer

SCGB2A1 expression is highly specific of mammary tissue, and has been used for identification and detection of disseminated breast cancer cells.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| SCGB2A1 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | SCGB2A1, LPHC, LPNC, MGB2, UGB3, secretoglobin family 2A member 1 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 604398; HomoloGene: 88664; GeneCards: SCGB2A1; OMA:SCGB2A1 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_002407   XM\_006527538   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_002398   NP\_001365339   Location (UCSC) Chr 11: 62.21 – 62.21 Mb Chr 19: 9.85 – 9.85 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Mammal (album)

abstract: Mammal is the second studio album by the Irish black metal band Altar of Plagues. It was released through Candlelight Records in Europe and Profound Lore Records in North America, each with different artwork.

text:
# Mammal (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| About.com |  |
| Allmusic |  |
| Blistering | 8/10 |
| Chronicles of Chaos | 9/10 |
| The Digital Fix | 8/10 |
| *Exclaim!* | mixed and positive |
| PopMatters |  |
| Thrash Hits | 6/6 |
| Angry Metal Guy | 2.5/5 |

**Mammal** is the second studio album by the Irish black metal band Altar of Plagues. It was released through Candlelight Records in Europe and Profound Lore Records in North America, each with different artwork.

## Reception

The album received positive reviews from most critics. Brandon Stosuy of Pitchfork selected *Mammal* as 18th album of the top 40 metal albums of 2011.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by James Kelly

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Neptune Is Dead" | 18:44 |
| 2. | "Feather and Bone" | 11:41 |
| 3. | "When the Sun Drowns in the Ocean" | 8:17 |
| 4. | "All Life Converges to Some Centre" | 13:15 |
| Total length: | | 51:59 |

## Personnel

Altar of Plagues * James Kelly – vocals, guitars, keyboards
* Dave Condon – vocals, bass
* Johnny King – drums

Technical personnel * Timo Ketola – artwork (Profound Lore version)
* Daniel Sesé – artwork (Candlelight Records version)
* Ross O'Donovan – engineering
* Tadhg Healy – assistant engineer
* Tore Stjerna – mastering
* James Kelly – production

## InfoBox

| Mammal | |
| --- | --- |
| Profound Lore Records release cover, artwork by: Timo Ketola | |
| Studio album by Altar of Plagues | |
| Released | April 25, 2011 (Europe)
May 17, 2011 (North America) |
| Recorded | September 2010, Data Recording Studios |
| Genre | Black metal, post-metal |
| Length | 51:59 |
| Label | Candlelight
Profound Lore |
| Producer | James Kelly |
| Altar of Plagues chronology | |
| *Tides*
(2010) ***Mammal***
(2011) *Year of No Light / Altar of Plagues*
(2012) | |
|  | |
| Alternative cover | |
|  | |
| Candlelight Records release cover, artwork by: Daniel Sesé | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Manahirana Leriva

abstract: Manahirana Leriva is a Malagasy politician. A member of the National Assembly of Madagascar, he was elected as a member of the Tiako I Madagasikara party in the 2002 Malagasy parliamentary elections. He was reelected in 2007. He represents the constituency of Brickaville. It is a well known fact across his constituency that Leriva consumes a large amount of Cathedral City Mild Cheddar which he gets shipped from England. Some people, including family members, are beginning to become concerned about this obsession.

text:
# Manahirana Leriva

**Manahirana Leriva** is a Malagasy politician. A member of the National Assembly of Madagascar, he was elected as a member of the Tiako I Madagasikara party in the 2002 Malagasy parliamentary elections. He was reelected in 2007. He represents the constituency of Brickaville.

It is a well known fact across his constituency that Leriva consumes a large amount of Cathedral City Mild Cheddar which he gets shipped from England. Some people, including family members, are beginning to become concerned about this obsession.


title: Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Kolomyia

abstract: The Eparchy of Kolomyia is a Ukrainian Greek Catholic eparchy of the Catholic Church situated in Ukraine. The eparchy is suffragan to the Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Ivano-Frankivsk. The eparchy was established on 20 April 1993.

text:
# Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Kolomyia

The **Eparchy of Kolomyia** is a Ukrainian Greek Catholic eparchy of the Catholic Church situated in Ukraine. The eparchy is suffragan to the Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Ivano-Frankivsk. The eparchy was established on 20 April 1993.

## History

## Eparchial and auxiliary bishops

The following is a list of the bishops of Kolomyia – Chernivtsi and their terms of service:

(13 May 2003 – 12 Dec 2004) *Volodymyr Viytyshyn*, coadjutor bishop (since 20 Aug 2023) *Petro Holiney, titular bishop of Abrittum*, auxiliary

## InfoBox

| Eparchy of Kolomyia
**Eparchia Kolomyiensis Ucrainorum**
Українська Греко-Католицька Коломийсько Єпархія | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Ukraine |
| Territory | 7 Raions of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast |
| Ecclesiastical province | Archeparchy of Ivano-Frankivsk |
| Headquarters | Kolomyia, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 14,095 km2 (5,442 sq mi) |
| Population
- Total
- Catholics | (as of 2013)
1,238,400
238,400 (19.3%) |
| Information | |
| *Sui iuris* church | Ukrainian Greek Catholic |
| Rite | Byzantine |
| Established | April 20, 1993 |
| Cathedral | Ukrainian Catholic Cathedral of Holy Transfiguration in Kolomyia |
| Current leadership | |
| Pope | Francis |
| Major Archbishop | Major Archbishop Sviatoslav Shevchuk |
| Bishop | Vasyl Ivasyuk Bishop of the Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Kolomyia. |
| Metropolitan Archbishop | Volodymyr Viytyshyn Metropolitan of the Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Ivano-Frankivsk |
| Auxiliary Bishops | Petro Holiney |
| Map | |
|  | |
| Website | |
| Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Kolomyia – Chernivtsi | |


title: Manawtha

abstract: Manawtha is a village in Homalin Township, Hkamti District, in the Sagaing Region of northwestern Burma. It lies on the Chindwin River to the east of Chaunggan.

text:
# Manawtha

**Manawtha** is a village in Homalin Township, Hkamti District, in the Sagaing Region of northwestern Burma. It lies on the Chindwin River to the east of Chaunggan.

## InfoBox

| Manawtha | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| ManawthaLocation in Burma | |
| Coordinates: 24°25′N 94°45′E / 24.417°N 94.750°E / 24.417; 94.750 | |
| Country | Burma |
| Region | Sagaing Region |
| District | Hkamti District |
| Township | Homalin Township |
| Time zone | UTC+6.30 (MST) |


title: Ulitea (1829 ship)

abstract: Ulitea was a schooner that John Hunter built in late 1829 or early 1830 in the Society Islands (Tahiti). She primarily traded between Sydney and Tahiti, but also sailed to Valparaiso and New Zealand. She was wrecked in New Zealand in February 1840.

text:
# Ulitea (1829 ship)

***Ulitea*** was a schooner that John Hunter built in late 1829 or early 1830 in the Society Islands (Tahiti). She primarily traded between Sydney and Tahiti, but also sailed to Valparaiso and New Zealand. She was wrecked in New Zealand in February 1840.

## Career

The first mention of *Ulitea* in the Sydney newspapers occurred in December 1832.

On 19 December 1832, the schooner *Ulitea*, Hunter, master, arrived at Sydney from Tahiti. She had left on 6 November and was carrying 18 casks of "cocoa-nut oil". Her passengers included Mrs. Hunter and seven children, Captain Buckle, late master of the ship *Matthews*, which had wrecked at Tahiti, Mr. Robson late owner of *Schnapper*, which the natives had taken near Tahiti, and some others. *Ulitea* also brought the information that the whaler *Pocklington* had touched at Eoora, Tonga.

On 17 August 1833 *Ulitea*, Captain Hunter, arrived at Sydney from Raitea with 22 tuns of whale oil and the lower rigging from *Sir Charles Price*, which had wrecked in April at Huahine in the Society Islands.

On 18 January 1839 *Ulitea*, Captain Waddy, sailed for the Society Islands, with sundries. Her only passenger was Captain Hunter, her owner.

## Fate

*Ulitea* was wrecked on the night of 29 February 1840 east of Sulphur Point in Tauranga Harbour. The captain cut away the masts during the night and hoisted a shirt to the bowsprit as a distress signal. A Mr Wilson, together with Maori from the Mission Station, took a boat out and brought all aboard on ashore. Newspaper reports in Australia, and then England and India, incorrectly reported that she had been lost with all aboard.

## Citations

1. Matheson (1997), p. 77.
2. "Shipping" *Australian* 17 March 1830 p.2.
3. *Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser* 20 December 1832 P.2 "Shipping Intelligence".
4. *Sydney Herald* 20 December 1832 P.3, "DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE".
5. "Shipping Intelligence" *Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser* 20 August 1833, Page 2.
6. *Commercial Journal and Advertiser* 19 January 1839, p.2. "SHIP NEWS".
* Matheson, Alistair (1997). "Bay of Plenty Shipwrecks:Corrections and Additions" (PDF). *Historical Review*. **47** (2): 77–81.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Society Islands | |
| Name | *Ulitea* |
| Namesake | 19th century British name for Raiatea |
| Owner | John Hunter |
| Builder | John Hunter, Tahiti |
| Launched | c.1829 |
| Fate | Wrecked 29 February 1840 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tons burthen | 70, or 75 (bm) |
| Sail plan | Schooner |


title: Manchester Evening Chronicle Tournament

abstract: The Manchester Evening Chronicle Tournament was a professional golf tournament played at Mere Golf Club in Mere, Cheshire, England. It was held from 1947 to 1949. The event was sponsored by the Manchester Evening Chronicle. Total prize money was £1400 in 1947 and £1500 in 1948 and 1949.

text:
# Manchester Evening Chronicle Tournament

Mere Golf Clubclass=notpageimage|Location in England

The **Manchester Evening Chronicle Tournament** was a professional golf tournament played at Mere Golf Club in Mere, Cheshire, England. It was held from 1947 to 1949. The event was sponsored by the *Manchester Evening Chronicle*. Total prize money was £1400 in 1947 and £1500 in 1948 and 1949.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Country | Score | Margin
of victory | Runner-up | Winner's
share (£) | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1947 | Flory Van Donck | Belgium | 279 | 3 strokes | Johnny Bulla | 500 |  |
| 1948 | Norman Von Nida | Australia | 281 | 4 strokes | Dick Burton | 400 |  |
| 1949 | Fred Daly | Northern Ireland | 277 | 3 strokes | Flory Van Donck | 350 |  |

## InfoBox

Manchester Evening Chronicle Tournament
| Tournament information | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Mere, Cheshire, England |
| Established | 1947 |
| Course(s) | Mere Golf Club |
| Month played | June |
| Final year | 1949 |
| Final champion | |
| Fred Daly | |


title: Manchester Enterprise Academy

abstract: Manchester Enterprise Academy is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form with academy status. It is located in the Wythenshawe area of Manchester, England. Poundswick Grammar School was founded on the site in 1956, and was renamed Poundswick High School in 1967 when it merged with Oldwood Secondary Modern School to become a comprehensive school. In 1999 Poundswick High School and South Manchester High School merged to form Parklands High School on the Poundswick site. The school converted to academy status in 2009 and was renamed Manchester Enterprise Academy. Construction of a new building on part of the original Poundswick site was completed in 2010 and the original Poundswick Grammar School buildings were demolished. Manchester Enterprise Academy is sponsored by Manchester Airports Group, The Manchester College, Manchester United Foundation and Wythenshawe Community Housing Group. The school offers GCSEs, BTECs and OCR Nationals as programmes of study for pupils, while students in the sixth form have the option to study from a range of A-levels and further BTECs.

text:
# Manchester Enterprise Academy

**Manchester Enterprise Academy** is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form with academy status. It is located in the Wythenshawe area of Manchester, England.

Poundswick Grammar School was founded on the site in 1956, and was renamed Poundswick High School in 1967 when it merged with Oldwood Secondary Modern School to become a comprehensive school. In 1999 Poundswick High School and South Manchester High School merged to form Parklands High School on the Poundswick site. The school converted to academy status in 2009 and was renamed Manchester Enterprise Academy. Construction of a new building on part of the original Poundswick site was completed in 2010 and the original Poundswick Grammar School buildings were demolished.

Manchester Enterprise Academy is sponsored by Manchester Airports Group, The Manchester College, Manchester United Foundation and Wythenshawe Community Housing Group. The school offers GCSEs, BTECs and OCR Nationals as programmes of study for pupils, while students in the sixth form have the option to study from a range of A-levels and further BTECs.

## InfoBox

| Manchester Enterprise Academy | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| Simonsway
Wythenshawe
Manchester, Greater Manchester, M22 9RH
England | |
| Coordinates | 53°22′51″N 2°16′18″W / 53.38075°N 2.27172°W / 53.38075; -2.27172 |
| Information | |
| Type | Academy |
| Motto | A fantastic future for all |
| Established | September 2009 |
| Local authority | Manchester City Council |
| Department for Education URN | 136089 Tables |
| Ofsted | Reports |
| Gender | Coeducational |
| Age | 11 to 18 |
| Colour(s) | Blue and green |
| Website | http://www.manchesterenterpriseacademy.org.uk/ |


title: Ukrainian Women's Union (Kyiv)

abstract: The Ukrainian Women's Union, was a women's organization in Ukraine, founded in 1917. Political organizations were allowed in Russian controlled Ukraine in 1905, and Ukrainian women participated in the first women's congress in Russian 1908. After the Russian Revolution, an independent women's movement was founded in Ukraine. The Ukrainian Women's Union was founded by Vira Nechaivska in Stanislavov in 21 March in Kyiv in 1917. It arranged the first women's conference in Ukraine in September 1917. When Ukraine became a part of the Soviet Union, the newly founded Ukrainian movement was replaced by the local Ukrainian women's chapter of the Zhenotdel.

text:
# Ukrainian Women's Union (Kyiv)

The **Ukrainian Women's Union**, was a women's organization in Ukraine, founded in 1917.

Political organizations were allowed in Russian controlled Ukraine in 1905, and Ukrainian women participated in the first women's congress in Russian 1908. After the Russian Revolution, an independent women's movement was founded in Ukraine. The Ukrainian Women's Union was founded by Vira Nechaivska in Stanislavov in 21 March in Kyiv in 1917. It arranged the first women's conference in Ukraine in September 1917.

When Ukraine became a part of the Soviet Union, the newly founded Ukrainian movement was replaced by the local Ukrainian women's chapter of the Zhenotdel.

1. Оксана Оніщенко. Український Жіночий Союз (1917 рік). Проблеми вивчення історії Української революції 1917—1921 років: Збірник наукових статей. — Вип. 1. — К.: Інститут історії України НАН України, 2002.


title: Ultimatum (Nightstick album)

abstract: Ultimatum is the second full-length album by the band Nightstick.

text:
# Ultimatum (Nightstick album)

***Ultimatum*** is the second full-length album by the band Nightstick.

## Track listing

1. "Ultimatum: 'Cut It Off, Then Kill It'" (Robert Williams, Kurt Habelt) – 11:24
2. "United Snakes" (Williams) – 4:34
3. "The Pentagon" (Williams, Habelt) – 04:31
4. "Pig in Shit" (Williams) – 5:48
5. "4 More Years" (Williams) – 12:04
6. "August 6, 1945: a. Flight b. Fright" (Williams, Alex Smith) – 07:31
7. "Dream of the Witches' Sabbath/Massacre of Innocence (Air Attack)" (07:12)
8. "Ultimatum: 'He... Is... Dead... Wrong' (4 Track Version)" (07:08)
9. "Ultimatum: (Live @ Mama Kin's)" (09:11)

## Personnel

* Alex Smith – bass/vocals/violin
* Cotie Cowgill – guitars
* Robert Williams – drums

### Guest musicians

* Jim Hobbs – alto sax (#1)
* Bob Clark – guitar (#7)
* Tony Rossi – guitar (#7)

## InfoBox

| Ultimatum | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Nightstick | |
| Released | January 27, 1998 (1998-01-27) |
| Recorded | 1997 |
| Genre | Sludge metal |
| Length | 69:23 |
| Label | Relapse Records (RR 6977-2) |
| Producer | Dave Shirk
Bill Yurkiewicz |
| Nightstick chronology | |
| *Blotter*
(1996) ***Ultimatum***
(1998) *Death to Music*
(1999) | |


title: Manipur bush quail

abstract: The Manipur bush quail is a species of quail found in northeastern India and Bangladesh inhabiting damp grassland, particularly stands of tall grass. It was first collected and described by Allan Octavian Hume on an ornithological expedition to Manipur in 1881. P. manipurensis is listed as Endangered on the IUCN's Red List, as its habitat is small, fragmented, and rapidly shrinking. There was no confirmed sighting of the bird from 1932 until June 2006, when Anwaruddin Choudhury reported spotting the quail in Assam. BBC News quoted the conservation director of the Wildlife Trust of India, Rahul Kaul, as saying, "This creature has almost literally returned from the dead."

text:
# Manipur bush quail

The **Manipur bush quail** (***Perdicula manipurensis***) is a species of quail found in northeastern India and Bangladesh inhabiting damp grassland, particularly stands of tall grass. It was first collected and described by Allan Octavian Hume on an ornithological expedition to Manipur in 1881.

*P. manipurensis* is listed as Endangered on the IUCN's Red List, as its habitat is small, fragmented, and rapidly shrinking.

There was no confirmed sighting of the bird from 1932 until June 2006, when Anwaruddin Choudhury reported spotting the quail in Assam.

BBC News quoted the conservation director of the Wildlife Trust of India, Rahul Kaul, as saying, "This creature has almost literally returned from the dead."

## History

A 1911 report by Frank Finn, based on Captain Wood's field notes of 1899, noted that the species was common in the past. Wood noted that the bird was commonly trapped by Manipur people after bush fires and that the local name was *lanz-soibol* meaning "trap quail".

## InfoBox

| Manipur bush quail | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Galliformes |
| Family: | Phasianidae |
| Genus: | *Perdicula* |
| Species: | ***P. manipurensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Perdicula manipurensis***
Hume, 1881 | |
|


title: Unconventional warfare

abstract: Unconventional warfare (UW) is broadly defined as "military and quasi-military operations other than conventional warfare" and may use covert forces or actions such as subversion, diversion, sabotage, espionage, biowarfare, sanctions, propaganda or guerrilla warfare. This is typically done to avoid escalation into conventional warfare as well as international conventions.

text:
# Unconventional warfare

**Unconventional warfare** (**UW**) is broadly defined as "military and quasi-military operations other than conventional warfare" and may use covert forces or actions such as subversion, diversion, sabotage, espionage, biowarfare, sanctions, propaganda or guerrilla warfare. This is typically done to avoid escalation into conventional warfare as well as international conventions.

## Description

Aside from the earlier definition of warfare that is not conventional, unconventional warfare has also been described as:

> There is another type of warfare— new in its intensity, ancient in its origin—war by guerrillas, subversives, insurgents, assassins; war by ambush instead of by combat, by infiltration instead of aggression, seeking victory by eroding and exhausting the enemy instead of engaging him. It preys on unrest.

## Methods and organization

Unconventional warfare targets the civilian population psychologically to win hearts and minds, and only targets military and political bodies for that purpose, seeking to render the military proficiency of the enemy irrelevant. Limited conventional warfare tactics can be used unconventionally to demonstrate might and power, rather than to reduce the enemy's ability to fight substantially. In addition to the surgical application of traditional weapons, other armaments that specifically target the military can be used are: airstrikes, nuclear weapons, incendiary devices, or other such weapons.

Special Forces, inserted deep behind enemy lines, are used unconventionally to train, equip, and advise locals who oppose their government. They can also spread subversion and propaganda, while they aid native resistance fighters, to ultimately cause a hostile government to capitulate. Tactics focus on destroying military targets while avoiding damage to civilian infrastructure and blockading military resupply are used to decrease the morale of government forces.

The U.S. Department of Defense defines unconventional warfare as activities conducted to enable a resistance movement or insurgency to coerce, disrupt, or overthrow a government or occupying power by operating through or with an underground, auxiliary, and guerrilla force in a denied area.

## History

Between the 17th and 18th centuries, there were wars between American colonists and Native American tribes. Benjamin Church designed his force primarily to emulate Native American patterns of war. Toward this end, Church endeavored to learn to fight like Native Americans from Native Americans. Americans became rangers exclusively under the tutelage of the Native American allies. (Until the end of the colonial period, rangers depended on Native Americans as both allies and teachers.)

Church developed a special full-time unit mixing white colonists selected for frontier skills with friendly Native Americans to carry out offensive strikes against hostile Native Americans in terrain where normal militia units were ineffective. Church paid special care to outfitting, supplying and instructing his troops in ways inspired by indigenous methods of warfare and ways of living. He emphasized the adoption of indigenous techniques, which prioritized small, mobile and flexible units which used the countryside for cover, in lieu of massed frontal assaults by large formations. Church also pioneered the use of indigenous warriors as auxiliaries to bolster and educate his soldiers. In 1716, his memoirs, entitled *Entertaining Passages relating to Philip's War*, was published and is considered by some to constitute the first American military manual and first written guide to unconventional warfare. Benjamin Church is sometimes referred to as the father of unconventional warfare. The ideas of Benjamin Church were widely incorporated into warfare by early colonial officers, especially by American colonialists who prevailed in the Revolutionary War against the British Empire.

### Atomic Age

The advent of the Atomic Age changed forever philosophies of conventional warfare, and the necessity to conceal authorship of actions by hostile states. The age of asymmetric, or unconventional warfare & terrorism had begun.

One of the first references is in "Manpower and Atomic War," which Edward Fitzpatrick referred to as "the next kind of war- technological war, machine war, or atomic war."

Using soft power methods, to target civilians instead of military units, however had begun earlier, particularly as a strategy for use against Republics. These were developed as a tool of national socialism, or neo-liberalism, and evolved into other doctrines.

There is an overlap in the world of Corporate Security & Defense Contracting where these models have extended to the field of Risk assessment. One of the first instances of Unconventional Warfare techniques against civilians was documented by the La Follette Committee.

**US & NATO specific:**


title: Unemployed Workmen Act 1905

abstract: The Unemployed Workmen Act 1905 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It established Distress Committees that gave out single grants to businesses or local authorities to allow them to hire more workers to decrease the number of people out of work. However, those with a criminal record were not given the opportunity to work the businesses being given grants. The whole Act was repealed by sections 12 and 137 of, and Part I of the Twelfth Schedule to, the Local Government Act 1929, subject to the savings in sections 12 and 137. This Act was repealed, as to the Republic of Ireland, by section 1 of, and Part 4 of the Schedule to, the Statute Law Revision (Pre-1922) Act 2005, subject to section 2(1) of that Act.

text:
# Unemployed Workmen Act 1905

**The Unemployed Workmen Act 1905** was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It established Distress Committees that gave out single grants to businesses or local authorities to allow them to hire more workers to decrease the number of people out of work. However, those with a criminal record were not given the opportunity to work the businesses being given grants.

The whole Act was repealed by sections 12 and 137 of, and Part I of the Twelfth Schedule to, the Local Government Act 1929, subject to the savings in sections 12 and 137.

This Act was repealed, as to the Republic of Ireland, by section 1 of, and Part 4 of the Schedule to, the Statute Law Revision (Pre-1922) Act 2005, subject to section 2(1) of that Act.

* James Sutherland Cotton (ed). "Unemployed Workmen Act, 1905". The Practical Statutes of the Session 1905. (Paterson's Practical Statutes). Horace Cox. London. Page 87 et seq. Google
* J M Lely. "Unemployed Workmen Act, 1905". Statutes of Practical Utility Passed in 1905. Sweet and Maxwell. Stevens and Sons. 1905. Page 686 et seq. Google
* J M Lely and W H Aggs. "Unemployed Workmen Act, 1905". The Statutes of Practical Utility. Sweet and Maxwell. 1908. Volume 10. Page 686 et seq.
* W H Aggs. "The Unemployed Workmen Act, 1905". Chitty's Statutes of Practical Utility. Sixth Edition. 1913. Volume 15. Page 737 et seq.
* The Scots Statutes, 1905.
* The Public General Statutes Affecting Scotland. 1905. Page 57.
* Alex Glen, Randolph A Glen and G W Bailey. "The Unemployed Workmen Act, 1905". Glen's Law of Public Health and Local Government. Sweet & Maxwell. Chancery Lane, London. 1922. Volume 2. Page 2185 et seq.
* "The Unemployed Workmen Act, 1905" (1905) 69 The Justice of the Peace 505 (No 43, 28 October 1905)
* "Provision of Temporary Work for Unemployed Workmen" (1905) 49 The Solicitors' Journal 834 (28 October 1905)
* Irish Jurist and Local Government Review 344 and 347

## InfoBox

The Unemployed Workmen Act 1905
| Act of Parliament | |
| --- | --- |
| Parliament of the United Kingdom | |
| Long title | An Act to establish organisation with a view to the provision of Employment or Assistance for Unemployed Workmen in proper cases. |
| Citation | 5 Edw. 7. c. 18 |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 11 August 1905 |


title: Unexplained (EP)

abstract: Unexplained EP is an extended play (EP) by English band EMF. One of the tracks on the EP is a cover of Iggy & the Stooges' 1973 song "Search and Destroy". Released on 20 April 1992, the EP peaked at number 18 on the UK Singles Chart, number 16 on the Irish Singles Chart, and number 10 on the Portuguese Singles Chart.

text:
# Unexplained (EP)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***Unexplained EP*** is an extended play (EP) by English band EMF. One of the tracks on the EP is a cover of Iggy & the Stooges' 1973 song "Search and Destroy". Released on 20 April 1992, the EP peaked at number 18 on the UK Singles Chart, number 16 on the Irish Singles Chart, and number 10 on the Portuguese Singles Chart.

## Track listing

1. "Getting Through"
2. "Far from Me"
3. "The Same"
4. "Search and Destroy"

## Charts

| Chart (1992) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australia (ARIA) | 136 |
| Europe (Eurochart Hot 100) | 61 |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 16 |
| Portugal (AFP) | 10 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 18 |

## InfoBox

| Unexplained EP | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by EMF | |
| Released | 20 April 1992 (1992-04-20) |
| Length | 15:30 |
| Label |  |
| Producer |  |
| EMF chronology | |
| *Schubert Dip*
(1991) ***Unexplained EP***
(1992) *Stigma*
(1992) | |


title: Management fee

abstract: In the investment advisory industry, a management fee is a periodic payment that is paid by an investment fund to the fund's investment adviser for investment and portfolio management services. Often, the fee covers not only investment advisory services, but administrative services as well. Usually, the fee is calculated as a percentage of assets under management. In manage property sector, is also used. Usually under management contract. Is used for running hotels, and restaurants.

text:
# Management fee

In the investment advisory industry, a **management fee** is a periodic payment that is paid by an investment fund to the fund's investment adviser for investment and portfolio management services. Often, the fee covers not only investment advisory services, but administrative services as well. Usually, the fee is calculated as a percentage of assets under management.

In manage property sector, is also used. Usually under management contract. Is used for running hotels, and restaurants.

## Mutual funds

In a mutual fund, the management fee will include any fees payable to the fund's investment adviser or its affiliates, and administrative fees payable to the investment adviser that are not included in the "Other Expenses" category. Management fees paid to mutual funds and other registered investment companies are set forth in the advisory agreement which must be approved by the fund's board and shareholders; in general, these fees are heavily regulated under the Investment Company Act of 1940.

## Private equity funds

In a private equity fund, the management fee is an annual payment made by the limited partners in the fund to the fund's manager (e.g., the private equity firm) to pay for the private equity firm's investment operations.

Often the management fee is initially based on the total investor commitments to the fund (i.e., the fund size) as investments are made. After the end of the commitment period, ordinarily four–six years, the basis for calculating the fee will change to the cost basis of the fund, less any investments that have been realized or written-off.

Management fees rates will range from 1.0% to 2.0% per annum during the initial commitment period and will then often step down by 0.5–1.0% from the original rate through the termination of the fund.

Typically, the managers will also receive an incentive fee based on the performance of the fund, known as the carried interest.

## Hedge funds

In a hedge fund, the management fee is calculated as a percentage of the fund's net asset value (the total of the investors' capital accounts) at the time when the fee becomes payable. Management fees typically range from 1% to 4% per annum, with 2% being the standard figure. Therefore, if a fund has $1 billion of assets at year-end and charges a 2% management fee, the management fee will be $20 million. Management fees are usually expressed as an annual percentage but both calculated and paid monthly (or sometimes quarterly or weekly) at annualized rates.