title: Michael Pärt

abstract: Michael Pärt is an Estonian music producer and music editor. Since 2010 he is chairman of the board of the Arvo Pärt Centre. He also owns the music editing company Michael Pärt Musik.

text:
# Michael Pärt

**Michael Pärt** (Estonian pronunciation: \[ˈpær̺t\], born 17 August 1977) is an Estonian music producer and music editor.

Since 2010 he is chairman of the board of the Arvo Pärt Centre. He also owns the music editing company Michael Pärt Musik.

## Biography

Michael Pärt was born as the younger son of classical composer Arvo Pärt and his wife Nora. In 1980 the family left the Soviet Union for political reasons. Michael Pärt spent his childhood and youth in Austria, Germany, and the United Kingdom before returning to Estonia in 2008.

He holds a Master's degree in Music for Composing for Film and TV with distinction from Kingston University in London.

### Film and music

He has worked with several notable people within the music and film industries, including Icelandic singer Björk, composers Danny Elfman, Alexandre Desplat, and Howard Shore, and directors Peter Jackson, Francis Ford Coppola, and Tom Hooper.

His most recent film projects working as a music editor were Tom Hooper's *The Danish Girl* (2015) and Justin Chadwick's *Tulip Fever* (2017).

Additionally, he contributed to award-winning projects such as the BAFTA-winning *LazyTown* and the Grammy-nominated albums *Volta* and *Vulnicura* by Björk and *Neon Bible* by Arcade Fire.

### Arvo Pärt Centre

In 2008 Michael Pärt returned to Estonia to establish the Arvo Pärt Centre which he chairs. The foundation preserves Arvo Pärt's creative contribution to the arts for future generations.

## InfoBox

| Michael Pärt | |
| --- | --- |
| Michael Pärt at 2013 MPSE Golden Reel Awards | |
| Background information | |
| Born | (1977-08-17) 17 August 1977 |
| Origin | Tallinn, Estonia |
| Genres | Soundtrack |
| Occupation | Music producer |
|  | |
| Website | paert.com |


title: Nolini Kanta Gupta

abstract: Nolini Kanta Gupta was a revolutionary, linguist, scholar, critic, poet, philosopher and yogi, and the most senior of Sri Aurobindo's disciples. He was born in Faridpur, East Bengal, to a cultured and prosperous Vaidya-Brahmin family. While in his teens, he came under the influence of Sri Aurobindo, then a well known revolutionary fighting for independence against the British. When in his fourth year at Presidency College, Calcutta, he left a promising academic career and rejected a lucrative government job to join a small revolutionary group under Sri Aurobindo. In May 1908 he was among those arrested for conspiracy in the Alipore bomb case. Acquitted a year later, after having spent a year in jail, he worked as a sub-editor for the Dharma and the Karmayogin, two of Sri Aurobindo's Nationalist newspapers, in 1909 and 1910. He was taught Greek, Latin, French and Italian by Sri Aurobindo himself and was among the four disciples who were with Aurobindo in 1910 at Pondicherry. When the Sri Aurobindo Ashram was founded in 1926, he settled permanently in Pondicherry, serving the Mother and Sri Aurobindo as secretary of the ashram and later as one of its trustees. A prolific writer on a wide range of topics, he has about 60 books to his credit of which about 16 are in English and 44 in Bengali, as well as many articles and poems in English, Bengali and French. Nolini Kanta Gupta died at the Sri Aurobindo Ashram on 7 February 1984.

text:
# Nolini Kanta Gupta

**Nolini Kanta Gupta** (13 January 1889 – 7 February 1984) was a revolutionary, linguist, scholar, critic, poet, philosopher and yogi, and the most senior of Sri Aurobindo's disciples. He was born in Faridpur, East Bengal, to a cultured and prosperous Vaidya-Brahmin family. While in his teens, he came under the influence of Sri Aurobindo, then a well known revolutionary fighting for independence against the British. When in his fourth year at Presidency College, Calcutta, he left a promising academic career and rejected a lucrative government job to join a small revolutionary group under Sri Aurobindo. In May 1908 he was among those arrested for conspiracy in the Alipore bomb case. Acquitted a year later, after having spent a year in jail, he worked as a sub-editor for the *Dharma* and the *Karmayogin*, two of Sri Aurobindo's Nationalist newspapers, in 1909 and 1910.

He was taught Greek, Latin, French and Italian by Sri Aurobindo himself and was among the four disciples who were with Aurobindo in 1910 at Pondicherry. When the Sri Aurobindo Ashram was founded in 1926, he settled permanently in Pondicherry, serving the Mother and Sri Aurobindo as secretary of the ashram and later as one of its trustees. A prolific writer on a wide range of topics, he has about 60 books to his credit of which about 16 are in English and 44 in Bengali, as well as many articles and poems in English, Bengali and French.

Nolini Kanta Gupta died at the Sri Aurobindo Ashram on 7 February 1984.

## Bibliography

* *Collected Works of Nolini Kanta Gupta* (8 volumes), Sri Aurobindo Ashram, Pondicherry

1. The Coming Race 2. Essays on Poetry and Mysticism 3. The Yoga of Sri Aurobindo 4-5. Light of Lights (poems) 6-7. Sweet Mother 8. Vedic Hymns * *Reminiscences* (with K. Amrita)
* *Evolution and the Earthly Destiny*
* *About Woman* (a compilation, ed. by Sacar)
* *Tributes to Nolini Kanta Gupta* ed. by Nirodbaran
* *Nolini: Arjuna of our Age* by Dr. V.M. Reddy
* *Lights from Nolini Kanta Gupta*

## Citations

### Bibliography

* Mohanty, Sachidananda (2008). *Sri Aurobindo: A Contemporary Reade* (1 ed.). New Delhi: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-46093-4.


title: Phillips Machine

abstract: The Phillips Machine, also known as the MONIAC, Phillips Hydraulic Computer and the Financephalograph, is an analogue computer which uses fluidic logic to model the workings of an economy. The name "MONIAC" is suggested by associating money and ENIAC, an early electronic digital computer. It was created in 1949 by the New Zealand economist Bill Phillips to model the national economic processes of the United Kingdom, while Phillips was a student at the London School of Economics (LSE). While designed as a teaching tool, it was discovered to be quite accurate, and thus an effective economic simulator. At least twelve machines were built, donated to or purchased by various organisations around the world. As of 2023, several are in working order.

text:
# Phillips Machine

The **Phillips Machine**, also known as the **MONIAC** (**Monetary National Income Analogue Computer**), **Phillips Hydraulic Computer** and the **Financephalograph**, is an analogue computer which uses fluidic logic to model the workings of an economy. The name "MONIAC" is suggested by associating money and ENIAC, an early electronic digital computer.

It was created in 1949 by the New Zealand economist Bill Phillips to model the national economic processes of the United Kingdom, while Phillips was a student at the London School of Economics (LSE). While designed as a teaching tool, it was discovered to be quite accurate, and thus an effective economic simulator.

At least twelve machines were built, donated to or purchased by various organisations around the world. As of 2023, several are in working order.

## History

Phillips scrounged materials to create his prototype computer, including bits and pieces of war surplus parts from old Lancaster bombers. The first MONIAC was created in his landlady's garage in Croydon at a cost of 400 (equivalent to £18,000 in 2023).

Phillips first demonstrated the machine to leading economists at the London School of Economics (LSE), of which Phillips was a student, in 1949. It was very well received and Phillips was soon offered a teaching position at the LSE.

The machine had been designed as a teaching aid but was also discovered to be an effective economic simulator. When the machine was created, electronic digital computers that could run complex economic simulations were unavailable. In 1949, the few computers in existence were restricted to government and military use and their lack of adequate visual displays made them unable to illustrate the operation of complex models. Observing the machine in operation made it much easier for students to understand the interrelated processes of a national economy. The range of organisations that acquired a machine showed that it was used in both capacities.

## Design

The machine is approximately 2 m (6 ft 7 in) high, 1.2 m (3 ft 11 in) wide and almost 1 m (3 ft 3 in) deep, and consisted of a series of transparent plastic tanks and pipes which were fastened to a wooden board. Each tank represented some aspect of the UK national economy and the flow of money around the economy was illustrated by coloured water. At the top of the board was a large tank called the treasury. Water (representing money) flowed from the treasury to other tanks representing the various ways in which a country could spend its money. For example, there were tanks for health and education. To increase spending on health care a tap could be opened to drain water from the treasury to the tank which represented health spending. Water then ran further down the model to other tanks, representing other interactions in the economy. Water could be pumped back to the treasury from some of the tanks to represent taxation. Changes in tax rates were modeled by increasing or decreasing pumping speeds.

Savings reduce the funds available to consumers and investment income increases those funds. The machine showed it by draining water (savings) from the expenditure stream and by injecting water (investment income) into that stream. When the savings flow exceeds the investment flow, the level of water in the savings and investment tank (the surplus-balances tank) would rise to reflect the accumulated balance. When the investment flow exceeds the savings flow for any length of time, the surplus-balances tank would run dry. Import and export were represented by water draining from the model and by additional water being poured into the model.

The flow of the water was automatically controlled through a series of floats, counterweights, electrodes, and cords. When the level of water reached a certain level in a tank, pumps and drains would be activated. To their surprise, Phillips and his associate Walter Newlyn found that machine could be calibrated to an accuracy of 2%.

The flow of water between the tanks was determined by economic principles and the settings for various parameters. Different economic parameters, such as tax rates and investment rates, could be entered by setting the valves which controlled the flow of water about the computer. Users could experiment with different settings and note their effects. The machine's ability to model the subtle interaction of a number of variables made it a powerful tool for its time. When a set of parameters resulted in a viable economy the model would stabilise and the results could be read from scales. The output from the computer could also be sent to a rudimentary plotter.

## Locations

It is thought that twelve to fourteen machines were built:

The Terry Pratchett novel *Making Money* contains a similar device as a major plot point. However, after the device is fully perfected, it magically becomes directly coupled to the economy it was intended to simulate, with the result that the machine cannot then be adjusted without causing a change in the actual economy (in parodic resemblance to Goodhart's law).

## Further reading


title: Rosie Rushton

abstract: Rosie Rushton is a British author who wrote several novels for teenagers. Rosie is a researcher and music facilitator based in the West Midlands, where she has established herself as a specialist in music provision for individuals with learning disabilities.

text:
# Rosie Rushton

**Rosie Rushton** (born 1946) is a British author who wrote several novels for teenagers. Rosie is a researcher and music facilitator based in the West Midlands, where she has established herself as a specialist in music provision for individuals with learning disabilities.

## Writing career

Rushton began her career as a feature writer for the local paper. *Staying Cool, Surviving School* was her first book, published by Piccadilly Press in 1993. After writing another non-fiction title, *You’re My Best Friend, I Hate You!,* Rosie turned to fiction.

## Bibliography

### The Leehampton series

### The Girls

### Best Friends

* *Best Friends Together* (1998)
* *Best Friends Getting Sorted* (1999)
* *Best Friends in Love* (1999)

### What a Week

### 21st century Austen

### Other books

## InfoBox

| Rosie Rushton | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1946<br>United Kingdom |
| Occupation | Writer |
| Subject | Fiction |


title: NKL-26

abstract: The NKL-26 was an armoured aerosan introduced by the Soviet Union during the Second World War, based on the earlier NKL-6 (OSGA-6). It was made of plywood and had a ten-millimetre armour plate on the front only, and was armed with a 7.62mm DT machine gun in a ring mount. It was powered by an M-11G aircraft engine. Each NKL-26 was operated by two crewmen. NKL-26s were organized into battalions of 30 NKL-16s with a transport company of NKL-16s - each with three companies of 10. Each company was organized as three platoons of three vehicles, and a commanders vehicle. Combat Aerosans often worked with ski infantry battalions, and could carry four ski troops riding outside the vehicle on its skis or towed behind.

text:
# NKL-26

The **NKL-26** was an armoured aerosan introduced by the Soviet Union during the Second World War, based on the earlier NKL-6 (OSGA-6). It was made of plywood and had a ten-millimetre armour plate on the front only, and was armed with a 7.62mm DT machine gun in a ring mount. It was powered by an M-11G aircraft engine.

Each NKL-26 was operated by two crewmen. NKL-26s were organized into battalions of 30 NKL-16s with a transport company of NKL-16s - each with three companies of 10. Each company was organized as three platoons of three vehicles, and a commanders vehicle.

Combat Aerosans often worked with ski infantry battalions, and could carry four ski troops riding outside the vehicle on its skis or towed behind.

## InfoBox

| NKL-26 (Rz 2612) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Place of origin | Soviet Union |
| Specifications | |
| Crew | 2 |
| --- | |
| Armor | 10 mm (front only) |
| Main
armament | 7.62mm DT machine gun |
| Engine | 8.6L (525 ci) Shvetsov M-11G |
| Operational
range | 250 km |
| Maximum speed | 50 km/h (31 mph) |


title: Nanotechnology (journal)

abstract: Nanotechnology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by IOP Publishing. It covers research in all areas of nanotechnology. The editor-in-chief is Ray LaPierre.

text:
# Nanotechnology (journal)

***Nanotechnology*** is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by IOP Publishing. It covers research in all areas of nanotechnology. The editor-in-chief is Ray LaPierre (McMaster University, Canada).

## Abstracting, indexing, and impact factor

According to the *Journal Citation Reports*, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 2.9.

It is indexed in the following bibliographic databases:

## InfoBox

*Nanotechnology*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Discipline | Nanotechnology |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Ray LaPierre |
| Publication details | |
| History | 1990–present |
| Publisher | IOP Publishing (United Kingdom) |
| Frequency | Weekly |
| Impact factor | 2.9 (2023) |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Nanotechnology* |
| Indexing
 | |
| CODEN | NNOTER |
| ISSN | 0957-4484 (print)
1361-6528 (web)
 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Hawkesworth Bridge

abstract: Hawkesworth Bridge is a one lane suspension bridge in San Ignacio, Belize. Built in 1949 and imported from Middlesbrough, England, it crosses the Macal River linking San Ignacio to its sister-town Santa Elena. It is currently the only drivable suspension bridge in Belize. Work began in October 2012 on a new, larger bridge that will link Santa Elena and San Ignacio that will span 154 meters across the Macal River. Another wooden bridge downstream is only a few feet above the river and is normally used for westbound traffic from the Western Highway into San Ignacio. The wooden bridge was almost entirely destroyed by Hurricane Earl, but is currently being rebuilt. In the interim, the Hawkesworth Bridge is handling intermittent traffic in both directions.

text:
# Hawkesworth Bridge

**Hawkesworth Bridge** is a one lane suspension bridge in San Ignacio, Belize. Built in 1949 and imported from Middlesbrough, England, it crosses the Macal River linking San Ignacio to its sister-town Santa Elena. It is currently the only drivable suspension bridge in Belize. Work began in October 2012 on a new, larger bridge that will link Santa Elena and San Ignacio that will span 154 meters across the Macal River.

Another wooden bridge downstream is only a few feet above the river and is normally used for westbound traffic from the Western Highway into San Ignacio. The wooden bridge was almost entirely destroyed by Hurricane Earl, but is currently being rebuilt. In the interim, the Hawkesworth Bridge is handling intermittent traffic in both directions.

## History

It was opened on Saturday August 20, 1949 and was named after the late Sir Edward Gerald Hawkesworth, former governor of British Honduras. The type of bridge was chosen because of very high flooding and that the river logs downstream. The Director of Public Works, Executive Engineer, Chief Engineer for the Crown Agents, who was entrusted the design, agreed to build a suspension bridge. Tenders for the construction of the bridge were called from July 1946 and subsequently contracted were Messrs. Head Wrightson & Co Ltd for the steel work and Messrs Bruntons Ltd of Musselburgh, Scotland for the cables. Construction started on 5 February 1948, supervised by Mr. Eric V. Williams, Executive Engineer and Mr. F. C. Hecker, General Foreman.

The bridge cost $198,384.33 and contained 2,260 tons of concrete, 264 tons of steel work and the cables, made of 7 individual strands and weighing 18 tons each. The foundation was carried to bedrock 12 feet below the surface. The columns were raised to a height of 46 feet and the center to a height of 52 feet, 7 feet above the highest known flood level. The total length of the bridge is 480 feet and the main span is 280 feet, with an additional 100 feet on each side.

It was a great day for the people of British Honduras as the bridge was the final link connecting San Ignacio and Belize City via a road that would later be named Western Highway, then renamed in 2013 as the George Price Highway. The days of the Cayo boats had certainly come to an end. The people of San Ignacio and Santa Elena had gathered at the bridge and it was the largest gathering that the western capital had ever seen to date. People came from near and far to witness the opening. The crowds enjoyed the music that was being played through the loud speakers of Rev. Gregory Sontag while they waited for his Excellency, the Governor of British Honduras, Ronald Herbert Garvey, who arrived just in time for the 5:00 p.m. opening.

Among those present were the Bishop of Honduras, the Chief Justice, members of the Executive and Legislative Councils, members of the Belize City Council, church leaders, heads of Government Departments, the Commissioner of the western district and members of the San Ignacio (El Cayo) and Benque Viejo Town Boards. The opening of the ceremony was done by A. Hamilton Anderson and in his speech mentions, “perhaps as far back as eight years ago (1942), trucks began making very slow and very rough passages to and from the end of the slowly advancing Cayo Road during the dry season. Today people think nothing of going to Belize or coming to San Ignacio.” He then invited the Governor to speak. In his speech, Governor Ronald Herbert Garvey, mentioned how much of a pleasure it was to be in San Ignacio to open the new bridge, and mentioned that this was only the first link and that they had plans to make a road from Roaring Creek to Middlesex and from Middlesex to the wharf in Stann Creek (Dangriga), and that at that time, it was already being surveyed.

The vote of thanks was delivered by Member of the Western Division, Mr. W. Harrison Courtenay. He thanked the Governor for his presence, and the engineers for their dedication and hard work. He hoped that the bridge would contribute and restore relations between this country and the Republic of Guatemala, and bring prosperity not only to the district but to the whole colony. As the children sang “Sons of Hounduras” Governor Garvey proceeded to the ribbon cutting. Two girls, one from San Ignacio and one from Santa Elena, handed him a pair of scissors. He cut the ribbon saying,” I declare the Hawkesworth Bridge at El Cayo duly open” His Excellency and Mrs. Garvey were also given bouquets by the two girls ( Marina Urbina).

The ceremony came to a close with a prayer by the Bishop of Honduras, Rt. Rev. D. J. Wilson. The bridge was crossed by Governor Garvey in his car, followed by church dignitaries, members of Council, Heads of Government and the general public. There was a party for the men who built the bridge and a cocktail for Governor Garvey at the rest house. A dance was also held for the general public at the tennis court, which Governor Garvey also attended. The police orchestra and the Cayo Marimba players supplied the music for the dance.

17°09′25″N 89°04′06″W / 17.15685°N 89.06830°W / 17.15685; -89.06830


title: Naraku no Hana

abstract: "Naraku no Hana" [also read as Flower in Hell] is Eiko Shimamiya's second single produced by I've Sound and Geneon Entertainment. It was released on August 22, 2007. It was able to reach #12 in the Oricon weekly charts making this Eiko's most successful single. It has sold more than 34,000 copies and stayed in the charts for 15 weeks. The title track was used as the opening theme for the anime series, Higurashi no Naku Koro ni Kai, which is the sequel to the anime Higurashi no Naku Koro ni.

text:
# Naraku no Hana

"**Naraku no Hana**" (奈落の花, *Flower of Hell*) \[also read as Flower in Hell\] is Eiko Shimamiya's second single produced by I've Sound and Geneon Entertainment. It was released on August 22, 2007. It was able to reach #12 in the Oricon weekly charts making this Eiko's most successful single. It has sold more than 34,000 copies and stayed in the charts for 15 weeks. The title track was used as the opening theme for the anime series, *Higurashi no Naku Koro ni Kai*, which is the sequel to the anime *Higurashi no Naku Koro ni*.

## Track listing

1. Naraku no Hana (奈落の花) – 5:01 Composition: Tomoyuki Nakazawa Arrangement: Tomoyuki Nakazawa, Takeshi Ozaki Lyrics: Eiko Shimamiya
2. Flow (*FLOW*) – 4:39 Composition: Eiko Shimamiya Arrangement: SORMA No.1 Lyrics: Eiko Shimamiya
3. Naraku no Hana (Instrumental) (奈落の花 (Instrumental)) – 5:01
4. Flow (Instrumental) (*FLOW (Instrumental)*) – 4:37

1. "島みやえい子-ORICON STYLE ミュージック" (in Japanese). Retrieved 2007-11-27.

## InfoBox

| "Naraku no Hana" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Eiko Shimamiya | |
| from the album  *Hikari Nadeshiko* | |
| B-side | "FLOW" |
| Released | August 22, 2007 |
| Genre | Industrial rock |
| Length | 19:18 |
| Label | Frontier Works |
| Songwriter(s) | Tomoyuki Nakazawa, Eiko Shimamiya |
| Producer(s) | I've Sound |
| Eiko Shimamiya singles chronology | |
| "Higurashi no Naku Koro ni"
(2006) "**Naraku no Hana**"
(2007) "WHEEL OF FORTUNE"
(2008) | |


title: Post Office Squirrel savings account

abstract: The Post Office Squirrel savings account was a New Zealand savings programme set up through the New Zealand Post Office to encourage younger citizens to save money. It is no longer active. The School Savings Bank scheme was established in 1934 to encourage children to save money regularly, with the hope that when they left school they would continue to make regular deposits from their wages. The squirrel mascot and phrase "be squirrel wise" were in use by the mid-1950s. Initially children bought stamps in small denominations from their teacher, which were then swapped for a deposit in the child's bank account. Later children were able to bring cash to school and deposit it in their account. One day a week was 'banking day' at school, with parent helpers administering the scheme.

text:
# Post Office Squirrel savings account

The **Post Office Squirrel** savings account was a New Zealand savings programme set up through the New Zealand Post Office to encourage younger citizens to save money. It is no longer active.

The School Savings Bank scheme was established in 1934 to encourage children to save money regularly, with the hope that when they left school they would continue to make regular deposits from their wages. The squirrel mascot and phrase "be squirrel wise" were in use by the mid-1950s. Initially children bought stamps in small denominations from their teacher, which were then swapped for a deposit in the child's bank account. Later children were able to bring cash to school and deposit it in their account. One day a week was 'banking day' at school, with parent helpers administering the scheme.


title: American Fund for French Wounded

abstract: The American Fund for French Wounded (AFFW) was a private military relief organization founded by American women living abroad that provided aid to small hospitals in France, medical assistance for wounded French soldiers and civilians, and support for refugees during World War I. Headquartered in New York City, committees across the United States raised funds and collected dressings, blankets, pillows, clothing, food, and amusements for the organization. The AFFW worked closely with several similar organizations, including the American Red Cross.

text:
# American Fund for French Wounded

The **American Fund for French Wounded** (AFFW) was a private military relief organization founded by American women living abroad that provided aid to small hospitals in France, medical assistance for wounded French soldiers and civilians, and support for refugees during World War I. Headquartered in New York City, committees across the United States raised funds and collected dressings, blankets, pillows, clothing, food, and amusements for the organization. The AFFW worked closely with several similar organizations, including the American Red Cross.

## History

The AFFW was formed in Paris in the autumn of 1915 by members of the Paris Depot of the London-based French Wounded Emergency Fund who sought autonomy from the London leadership in order to concentrate on providing aid to the French war effort. Isabel Stevens Lathrop was a founder and president of the AFFW, and chaired the organization's Paris depot. Letters written by Lathrop to a donor during her Paris work are in the American Fund for French Wounded collection, Yale University Library.

Anne Morgan served as the AFFW’s United States-based Treasurer and Anne Murray Dike, Chairman of the AFFW’s Civilian Committee.

The original work of the AFFW was confined to sending supplies to emergency hospitals in France and later expanded to re-establishing the destroyed communities of the region. The AFFW ran a women's volunteer motor corps out of Paris that carried supplies to hospitals throughout France and created temporary depots in small villages. Drivers usually performed their own maintenance work. Volunteers in the Civilian Committee lived in or near villages in northern France, making structural repairs, replanting fields, and delivering provisions and supplies. The first unit formed by the AFFW for civilian work were placed by General Petain at Blerancourt in the Aisne, in July, 1917. Ten American women settled amongst the ruins of the town and organized a community center which included the supervision of twenty-five villages.

The American Committee for Devastated France represented a continuation of the Civilian Division of the AFFW, whose members were dissatisfied with the AFFW central leadership's focus on military relief over civilian reconstruction work.

## Notable Volunteers

Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas volunteered for the organization, driving a truck to deliver supplies to hospitals in the south of France.


title: Michael Knowles (film producer)

abstract: Michael Knowles is an English film producer. He is also a part-time film lecturer at Staffordshire University, and the lead singer/guitarist for the English alternative rock band WinterGreen.

text:
# Michael Knowles (film producer)

**Michael Knowles** is an English film producer. He is also a part-time film lecturer at Staffordshire University, and the lead singer/guitarist for the English alternative rock band WinterGreen.

## Career

### Movies

Knowles’ feature films include a *A Boy Called Dad* starring Ian Hart, which was selected for the Rome Film Festival in 2009 and purchased by the BBC, *Best Laid Plans* starring Stephen Graham, Maxine Peake and Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje, released through Sony Pictures in 2012, and the mystery horror film *The Messenger*, with Robert Sheehan, Lily Cole and Joely Richardson, released through Metrodome in 2015.

In 2016 he produced the drama *Away*, set in the north English seaside town of Blackpool, with Timothy Spall and Juno Temple.

In 2020, Knowles completed *Running Naked*, a comedy drama directed by Victor Buhler and starring Tamzin Merchant, Matthew McNulty and Andrew Gower. The film was released in 2021.

Knowles is a producer of *Book of Love*, starring Sam Claflin and Veronica Echugui, which went into production in March 2021.

### Awards

Knowles produced *Talking with Angels,* which was nominated for a BAFTA for best short film.

## Filmography


title: Noroc TV

abstract: Noroc TV is a Moldovan television station that broadcasts especially music. It is the television version of the popular radio station Radio Noroc. Noroc TV is broadcasting on most of the cable networks of Moldova and is broadcasting digitally in DVB-T on channel 51.

text:
# Noroc TV

**Noroc TV** is a Moldovan television station that broadcasts especially music. It is the television version of the popular radio station Radio Noroc.

Noroc TV is broadcasting on most of the cable networks of Moldova and is broadcasting digitally in DVB-T on channel 51.

## History

In July 2022, Ces Ciuhrii acquired Noroc Media which owns Radio Noroc and Noroc TV. In February 2022, the state run Audiovisual Council sanctioned Noroc TV television for unlicensed broadcasting beginning October 2021.


title: Fung Permadi

abstract: Fung Permadi is a former male Chinese Indonesian badminton player. He was a singles specialist who played internationally first for Indonesia and later for Chinese Taipei.

text:
# Fung Permadi

**Fung Permadi** (simplified Chinese: 陈锋; traditional Chinese: 陳鋒; pinyin: *Chén Fēng*; born 30 December 1967 in Purwokerto, Indonesia) is a former male Chinese Indonesian badminton player. He was a singles specialist who played internationally first for Indonesia and later for Chinese Taipei.

## Career

Though Permadi had demonstrated impressive ability by 1990, he was often passed over in selection for international competition at a time when Indonesia had elite world class singles players such as Ardy Wiranata, Alan Budikusuma, Joko Suprianto, Hariyanto Arbi, and Hermawan Susanto. Moving to Taiwan in the middle of the decade, Permadi played perhaps his best badminton in the late 1990s, after his thirtieth birthday. He won a number of significant international titles (as shown by the chart below), and at thirty-one was runner-up to China's Sun Jun at the 1999 IBF World Championships. He competed for Chinese Taipei at the 2000 Summer Olympics in the badminton men's singles event.

## Coaching career

He is currently the Head Coach for PB Djarum, Indonesia's most successful badminton club.

## Achievements

### World Championships

*Men's singles*

| Year | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1999 | Brøndby Arena, Copenhagen, Denmark | Sun Jun | 6–15, 13–15 | **Silver** |

### Asian Championships

*Men's singles*

| Year | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1992 | Cheras Indoor Stadium, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | Foo Kok Keong | 15–11, 12–15, 12–15 | **Bronze** |
| 1999 | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | Chen Hong | 8–15, 15–9, 7–15 | **Bronze** |

### Asian Cup

*Men's singles*

| Year | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1991 | Istora Senayan, Jakarta, Indonesia | Bambang Suprianto | 7–15, 11–15 | **Bronze** |

### East Asian Games

*Men's singles*

| Year | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| 1997 | Pukyong National University Gymnasium, Busan, South Korea | Fumihiko Machida | 18–13, 15–5 | **Gold** |

### IBF World Grand Prix

The World Badminton Grand Prix sanctioned by International Badminton Federation (IBF) from 1983 to 2006.

*Men's singles*

| Year | Tournament | Opponent | Score | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1990 | German Open | Jens Peter Nierhoff | *Walkover* | **Winner** |
| 1990 | Canada Open | Bambang Suprianto | 15–4, 15–2 | **Winner** |
| 1990 | U.S. Open | Bambang Suprianto | 15–10, 15–8 | **Winner** |
| 1991 | Singapore Open | Bambang Suprianto | 9–15, 8–15 | **Runner-up** |
| 1993 | Swiss Open | Peter Knowles | 15–11, 15–9 | **Winner** |
| 1993 | Indonesia Open | Alan Budi Kusuma | 10–15, 17–14, 4–15 | **Runner-up** |
| 1993 | U.S. Open | Marleve Mainaky | 8–15, 8–15 | **Runner-up** |
| 1995 | Korea Open | Hariyanto Arbi | 10–15, 6–15 | **Runner-up** |
| 1996 | China Open | Luo Yigang | 15–12, 15–9 | **Winner** |
| 1996 | Hong Kong Open | Salim | 15–12, 15–10 | **Winner** |
| 1996 | World Grand Prix Finals | Sun Jun | 15–12, 15–8 | **Winner** |
| 1998 | U.S. Open | Bruce Flockhart | 15–8, 15–5 | **Winner** |
| 1999 | Korea Open | Thomas Stuer-Lauridsen | 17–14, 15–6 | **Winner** |
| 1999 | Chinese Taipei Open | Rashid Sidek | 16–17, 15–6, 15–7 | **Winner** |
| 1999 | Swiss Open | Marleve Mainaky | 15–13, 15–0 | **Winner** |
| 1999 | China Open | Dong Jiong | 2–15, 7–15 | **Runner-up** |

## InfoBox

| Fung Permadi | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Birth name | 陳鋒 |
| Country | Indonesia (1990–1995)
Republic of China (Taiwan) (1995–2000) |
| Born | (1967-12-30) 30 December 1967
Purwokerto, Indonesia |
| Height | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) |
| Men's singles | |
| Highest ranking | 1 |
| Medal record      Men's badminton  Representing  Chinese Taipei  World Championships  1999 Copenhagen Men's singles  Asian Championships  1999 Kuala Lumpur  Men's singles  Asia Cup  1997 Jakarta  Men's team  East Asian Games  1997 Busan  Men's singles  1997 Busan  Men's team  Representing  Indonesia  Asian Championships  1992 Kuala Lumpur  Men's singles  Asian Cup  1991 Jakarta  Men's singles | |
| BWF profile | |


title: Rosie Rosenzweig

abstract: Rosie Rosenzweig is a resident scholar at Brandeis University's Women's Studies Research Center. She studies creativity, Jewish feminism, and meditation. She has received both her B.A. in English and M.A. in English and American literature from Indiana University. Rosenzweig also writes a Boston Jewish Spirituality Column via examiner.com. She has compiled her interviews into a book, which features women artists and concentrates on their process, not their product. This includes all facets of their experience before the final product is produced. Artists reveal how they get out of their "stuck" places, or use their lives to express resolutions to various personal events. The filmed interviews will be made into a documentary.

text:
# Rosie Rosenzweig

**Rosie Rosenzweig** is a resident scholar at Brandeis University's Women's Studies Research Center. She studies creativity, Jewish feminism, and meditation. She has received both her B.A. in English and M.A. in English and American literature from Indiana University. Rosenzweig also writes a Boston Jewish Spirituality Column via examiner.com.

She has compiled her interviews into a book, which features women artists and concentrates on their process, not their product. This includes all facets of their experience before the final product is produced. Artists reveal how they get out of their "stuck" places, or use their lives to express resolutions to various personal events. The filmed interviews will be made into a documentary.


title: NKK switches

abstract: NKK SWITCHES Co., Ltd. NKK SWITCHES Co., Ltd. is a designer and manufacturer of diversified industrial operational switches. The company offers illuminated, process sealed, miniature, specialty, surface mount and LCD programmable switches. The company also manufactures toggle, rocker, pushbutton, slide, DIP, rotary, keypad and keylock switches.

text:
# NKK switches

**NKK SWITCHES Co., Ltd.** (NKKスイッチズ株式会社, *NKK Suitchizu Kabushiki-gaisha*) (formerly **N**ihon **K**aiheiki **K**ogyo Co., Ltd.) is a designer and manufacturer of diversified industrial operational switches. The company offers illuminated, process sealed, miniature, specialty, surface mount and LCD programmable switches. The company also manufactures toggle, rocker, pushbutton, slide, DIP, rotary, keypad and keylock switches.

## Affiliates

* NKK Switches of America, Inc. (Scottsdale, AZ)
* NKK Switches Hong Kong Co., Ltd. (Hong Kong)
* NKK Switches Mactan, Inc. (Philippines)

## InfoBox

NKK SWITCHES Co., Ltd.
|
|  |
| Native name | NKKスイッチズ株式会社 |
| Company type | Public KK |
| Traded as | JASDAQ: 6943 |
| ISIN | JP3691400000 |
| Industry | Electrical equipment |
| Founded | December 11, 1953 (1953-12-11) |
| Headquarters | Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture, 213-8553, Japan |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Key people | Tomoshige Ohashi
(CEO) |
| Products |  |
| Revenue | JPY 7.9 billion (FY 2017) (US$ 74.9 million) (FY 2017) |
| Net income | JPY 159.7 million (FY 2017) (US$ 1.5 million) (FY 2017) |
| Number of employees | 263 (consolidated, as of March 31, 2018) |
| Website | Official website |
| **Footnotes / references**
 | |


title: Roger Morris (bishop)

abstract: Roger Anthony Brett Morris is the area Bishop of Colchester in the Church of England Diocese of Chelmsford. He was previously the Archdeacon of Worcester.

text:
# Roger Morris (bishop)

**Roger Anthony Brett Morris** (born 18 July 1968) is the area Bishop of Colchester in the Church of England Diocese of Chelmsford. He was previously the Archdeacon of Worcester.

## Early life and education

Morris was born on 18 July 1968 in Hereford, Herefordshire, England. He was educated at Chipping Sodbury School and Filton Technical College. He studied at Imperial College, London, graduating with a Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree in 1989. From 1990 to 1993, he trained for ordination at Ridley Hall, Cambridge, an evangelical Anglican theological college. During this time, he also studied theology at Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1992: as per tradition, his BA was promoted to a Master of Arts (MA Cantab) degree in 2008.

## Ordained ministry

Morris was ordained in the Church of England as a deacon in 1993 and as a priest in 1994. After a curacy in Northleach he was the incumbent at Sevenhampton from 1996 to 2003; and then Director of Parish Development and Evangelism for the Diocese of Coventry from then until his archdeacon's appointment. From 2008 to 2014, he was Archdeacon of Worcester in the Diocese of Worcester.

On 2 May 2014, Morris was announced as the next Bishop of Colchester, a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Chelmsford. He was consecrated as a bishop on 25 July 2014 at St Paul's Cathedral by Justin Welby, Archbishop of Canterbury.

### Views

In 2023, he was one of 44 Church of England bishops who signed an open letter supporting the use of the *Prayers of Love and Faith* (i.e. blessings for same-sex couples) and called for "Guidance being issued without delay that includes the removal of all restrictions on clergy entering same-sex civil marriages, and on bishops ordaining and licensing such clergy".

## Personal life

Morris is married to Sally, a headteacher in a secondary school and a Minister in Secular Employment (MSE). They have two daughters. Morris stage-manages the Canopy Stage (previously The Performance Café) at the annual Greenbelt Christian Arts Festival. His interests include popular music, films, supporting Bristol Rovers and walking the family's two dogs.

## InfoBox

| The Right Reverend
Roger Morris | |
| --- | --- |
| Bishop of Colchester | |
| Morris in 2014 | |
| Church | Church of England |
| Diocese | Diocese of Chelmsford |
| In office | 25 July 2014–present |
| Predecessor | Christopher Morgan |
| Other post(s) | Archdeacon of Worcester (2008–2014) |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 1993 (deacon)
1994 (priest) |
| Consecration | 25 July 2014 |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1968-07-18) 18 July 1968 |
| Nationality | British |
| Denomination | Anglican |
| Spouse | Sally |
| Children | 2 daughters |
| Education | Imperial College, London
Trinity College, Cambridge |


title: Naoko (novel)

abstract: Himitsu Naoko is a novel by Keigo Higashino. The original title is Himitsu. The novel won the 52nd Mystery Writers of Japan Award for Best Novel. The story centers on a man whose wife and daughter are in a terrible accident; the wife dies, but when the daughter wakes up, he discovers his wife's mind inside. It was made into a 1999 Japanese film, Himitsu, directed by Yōjirō Takita. The 2007 film The Secret is based on the Japanese film.

text:
# Naoko (novel)

***Naoko*** is a novel by Keigo Higashino. The original title is ***Himitsu*** (秘密, **Secret**). The novel won the 52nd Mystery Writers of Japan Award for Best Novel. The story centers on a man whose wife and daughter are in a terrible accident; the wife dies, but when the daughter wakes up, he discovers his wife's mind inside.

It was made into a 1999 Japanese film, *Himitsu*, directed by Yōjirō Takita. The 2007 film *The Secret* is based on the Japanese film.

## Synopsis

Heisuke Sugita (杉田 平介, **Sugita Heisuke**), a humble 39-year-old man, enjoys the smaller pleasures in life. He is devastated when his wife and daughter are involved in a bus accident. Naoko Sugita (杉田 直子 *Sugita Naoko*), his wife, dies and his 11-year-old daughter Monami Sugita (杉田 藻奈美 *Sugita Monami*) is badly injured. Monami makes a miraculous recovery—albeit, with one small twist—her personality and memories are that of her mother Naoko's, rather than her own. Both Heisuke and Naoko conclude that her spirit is possessing Monami's body. Unable to explain what has happened, they decide to keep the matter a secret while Naoko lives as Monami from then on.

As Monami's possessed body enters adolescence, Naoko takes the opportunity to live her own unfulfilled dreams. Naoko's growing independence begins to cause a rift between her and Heisuke, who struggles to remain a faithful husband and also tries to make sense of the tragedy that caused Naoko's condition by learning more about the bus driver who caused the accident. Heisuke and Naoko have a falling out when he suspects she has become interested in a boy around Monami's own age, but find they cannot resolve their own relationship as Naoko is now biologically Heisuke's daughter.

When Monami's consciousness begins resurfacing, Heisuke and Naoko are able to repair their relationship as they ensure that Monami and Naoko, now sharing the same body, will be able to function and transition back to the life that Naoko has lived for her. As Monami's consciousness begins to dominate, Heisuke and Naoko eventually part ways forever and Heisuke is content to raise Monami as his daughter again.

Years later, Monami suggests that Naoko's possession was the result of a multiple personality disorder brought on by the accident to help her father cope and gradually went away as her own true personality emerged again. However, on the day that Monami is about to marry, a heartbroken Heisuke suspects that Monami never returned and that Naoko eventually abandoned her identity as Naoko in order for them both to move on in their lives.

* Naoko: English translation of the novel.

## InfoBox

Naoko
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Keigo Higashino |
| Original title | *Himitsu (秘密)* |
| Translator | Kerim Yasar |
| Language | Japanese |
| Publisher | Vertical (US)
Bungeishunjū Ltd. (JP) |
| Publication date | September 1998 |
| Publication place | Japan |
| Published in English | August 1, 2004 |
| Media type | Print (Paperback) |
| Pages | 288 (US)
415 (JP) |
| ISBN | 1932234071 (US)
ISBN 4163179208 (JP) |


title: Pouteria tarumanensis

abstract: Pouteria tarumanensis is a species of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is endemic to Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.

text:
# Pouteria tarumanensis

***Pouteria tarumanensis*** is a species of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is endemic to Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| *Pouteria tarumanensis* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Endangered  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Sapotaceae |
| Genus: | *Pouteria* |
| Species: | ***P. tarumanensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pouteria tarumanensis***
Pires | |
|


title: American Fuzzy Lop

abstract: The American Fuzzy Lop is a rabbit breed recognized by the American Rabbit Breeders Association (ARBA). It is similar in appearance to a Holland Lop. However, the American Fuzzy Lop is a wool breed and will have wool similar to the Angora breeds although the wool will be shorter than that of a commercial Angora. The American fuzzy lop has to weigh up to four pounds in order to be shown.

text:
# American Fuzzy Lop

The **American Fuzzy Lop** is a rabbit breed recognized by the American Rabbit Breeders Association (ARBA). It is similar in appearance to a Holland Lop. However, the American Fuzzy Lop is a wool breed and will have wool similar to the Angora breeds although the wool will be shorter than that of a commercial Angora. The American fuzzy lop has to weigh up to four pounds in order to be shown.

## History

The background of the American Fuzzy Lop is interwoven with the history of the Holland Lop. When first introduced, the Holland Lop rabbit was only available in solid colors, and some breeders wanted to add the broken pattern to the Holland Lop gene pool. To do this, they bred their Holland Lops with English Spots. While they achieved the goal of producing broken pattern rabbits, they failed to keep the rollback fur the Holland must have. The offspring instead had the flyback fur of the English Spot. The breeders then bred Holland Lops with French Angoras, a breed that has a very gentle rollback coat. The result of these manipulations was that the wool gene was also introduced into the Holland Lop gene pool and a Holland with long wool was occasionally found in Holland Lop litters. These were generally sold to people who were enchanted with a small wooled lop-eared rabbit.

The first American Fuzzy Lop breeders, include Patty Greene-Karl and Gary Fellers of the East Coast and Kim Landry and Margaret Miller of the West Coast. These breeder noted the marketability of these fuzzy Hollands. Patty Greene-Karl is credited with realizing that the "fuzzy" gene was recessive, so that mating two Holland Lops carrying this gene resulted in a certain percentage of the offspring (theoretically 25%) with wool. Patty decided to develop these rabbits as a new breed, named the American Fuzzy Lop. After working for four years on the development of Fuzzies, she presented her rabbits to the ARBA for the first showing of the new breed at the 1985 ARBA Convention in Houston, Texas. Three separate standards for wooled lops were received from three different individuals. The original standard called for a maximum weight of 4 ¾ lb with the ideal weight of 3 ¾ lb, a rabbit designed to have the body type, ear carriage, and size of a Holland Lop, combined with a short, easily maintained wool. At the 1986 ARBA Convention in Columbus, Ohio, the American Fuzzy Lop was presented for its second showing, and again passed. At its third showing at the 1987 ARBA Convention in Portland, Oregon, the ARBA Standards Committee did not approve the breed. They stated a lack of uniformity from one animal to another. A new working standard was written by Jeff Hardin at the request of Patty, which was accepted. The revised standard basically described a wooled Holland, calling for a maximum weight of 4 pounds, and an ideal weight of 3½ lb In 1988, ARBA requested only the breed sponsor be allowed to bring her Fuzzy Lops to Convention in Madison, Wisconsin because of limited cage space. The American Fuzzy Lop had to pass that year to become a recognized breed or else its proponents would have to start the procedure all over again. Fortunately, Patty's presentation passed at this Convention, and the American Fuzzy Lop became a new recognized breed. In 1989 in Tulsa, Oklahoma, Helen McKie's "Herbie" was selected as the first Best of Breed (BOB) American Fuzzy Lop at an ARBA Convention. Herbie's picture graced the ARBA Standard of Perfection, 1991–95, representing Fuzzies well but only the American Fuzzy Lop presented by Patty was granted a working standard.

## Appearance and personality

The American Fuzzy Lop resembles the Holland Lop with the exception of its wool, the American Fuzzy Lop has the wool of the English Angora. The American Fuzzy Lop weighs 3-4 lbs. As an adult with a preferred weight of bucks at 3-5lbs. and does at 3.75;lbs. They have a very compact body, that appears quite muscular. They come in most of the recognized colors. The ears of the American Fuzzy Lop do not stand erect, but rather lop along the side of the face. They have a short and flat muzzle similar to that of a cat.

American Fuzzy Lops are show based on their color pattern; either "solid" or "broken" variety. Whites do come in Ruby Eyed White and Blue Eyed White variety.

American Fuzzy Lops are an active, playful, social breed with much personality. They enjoy the attention of their owner, as well as the companionship of other rabbits. They enjoy having toys such as plastic balls, pine cones, pieces of soft wood, stuffed socks, or an old glove. The American Fuzzy Lop is the combination of a French Angora and the Holland Lop. They are very fuzzy, as their name indicates, and are popular pets.

## Further reading

* Dean, Warren M. (2016) \[1995\]. *Small Animals Care & Management* (4th ed.). Cengage. p. 278. ISBN 978-1-285-42552-8.

## InfoBox

American Fuzzy Lop
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | Not at risk |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Distribution | Worldwide |
| Use | Pet |
| Traits | |
| Weight | * 3–4 lb (1.4–1.8 kg) |
| Coat | Long and wooly |
| Wool color | White or Colored<br>Natural or Dyed |
| Color | Variety of colors combined with white ('agouti') including chestnut, squirrel chinchilla, lynx, and opal, as well as pointed white |
| Distinguishing features | Cat-like short and flat muzzle; distinctive markings on the nose, tinted ears, with eye circles |


title: Michael Küchmeister von Sternberg

abstract: Michael Küchmeister von Sternberg was the 28th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from 1414 to 1422.

text:
# Michael Küchmeister von Sternberg

**Michael Küchmeister von Sternberg** (1360 or 1370 – 15 December 1423, Danzig (Gdańsk)) was the 28th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from 1414 to 1422.

## Biography

Küchmeister was born in Silesia, as a son of Saxon nobility. He was the procurator of Rastenburg (Rastembork) (1396–1402) and the *Großschäffer* of Königsberg (1402–05). After the Peace of Raciąż of 1404 he held the position of Vogt of Samogitia and from 1410 the Vogt of the Neumark (Nowy Targ). After the Battle of Grunwald, he tried with his army of mercenaries and vassals to re-take the regions lost by the Teutonic Order. In September 1410, Küchmeister lost the Battle of Koronowo and was captured by the Polish army, and was not released from prison until the summer of 1411. The defeat prompted the signing of the Peace of Thorn (1411).

In the aftermath of the defeat at Grunwald, the Teutonic Order lost much of its military and economic importance. The way of thinking of the Old Prussians had changed as well. It was not surprising that when Grand Master Heinrich von Plauen was heading towards war with the Kingdom of Poland, his army (consisting of Prussian nobility and villagers) stationed near the village of Lautenburg (Lidzbark Welski) refused to fight the Poles on 29 September 1413, and he was relieved from his position as Grand Master by Küchmeister.

On 7 January 1414 Küchmeister was chosen as the 28th Grand Master of the Teutonic Order. Although he preferred negotiations over war, he strengthened Marienburg Castle (Malbork Castle) with an extra wall on the north side. He resigned in March 1422 before the Gollub War began.

Küchmeister died in Danzig (Gdańsk) and was buried in the mausoleum under the Chapel of St. Anna in Marienburg Castle.

* Friedrich Borchert: "Die Hochmeister des Deutschen Ordens in Preußen." In: *Preußische Allgemeine Zeitung*, 6 October 2001.

## InfoBox

| Michał Küchmeister von Sternberg | |
| --- | --- |
| *Hochmeister* | |
|  | |
| Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights | |
| Reign | 1414 to 1422 |
| Predecessor | Heinrich von Plauen |
| Successor | Paul von Rusdorf |
|  | |
| Born | 1360 or 1370
Silesia |
| Died | December 15, 1423 (aged 52 - 63)
Danzig |
| Burial | Chapel of St. Anna, Malbork Castle |


title: Norman Allen

abstract: Norman Allen was an Irish hurler and Gaelic footballer. After beginning his playing career at club level with St Vincents, he later became a dual player at inter-county level with Dublin. A mainstay on both senior teams during the early 1950s, Allen won Leinster Championship medals in both codes; however, All-Ireland Championship success eluded him. Ahead of the 1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Allen was a casualty to appendicitis.

text:
# Norman Allen

**Norman Allen** (21 July 1928 – 26 November 2021) was an Irish hurler and Gaelic footballer. After beginning his playing career at club level with St Vincents, he later became a dual player at inter-county level with Dublin. A mainstay on both senior teams during the early 1950s, Allen won Leinster Championship medals in both codes; however, All-Ireland Championship success eluded him. Ahead of the 1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Allen was a casualty to appendicitis.


title: Fung Ping Shan Building

abstract: Fung Ping Shan Building is a building of the University of Hong Kong and a declared monument. It is located at 94 Bonham Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong on the campus of the University of Hong Kong. It is currently being used as the University Museum and Art Gallery.

text:
# Fung Ping Shan Building

Exterior of the Fung Ping Shan BuildingInterior of the T.T. Tsui BuildingInterior of the Fung Ping Shan BuildingExterior of the T.T. Tsui Building

**Fung Ping Shan Building (**Chinese: 香港大學馮平山樓**)** is a building of the University of Hong Kong and a declared monument. It is located at 94 Bonham Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong on the campus of the University of Hong Kong. It is currently being used as the University Museum and Art Gallery.

## History

The building was constructed in 1931 and was opened on 26 December 1932 by the then Governor of Hong Kong Sir William Peel. The building was donated by Fung Ping Shan, a co-founder of the Bank of East Asia who advocated for Chinese Education in Hong Kong, and was named after him in honour of the donation towards the building. The building was initially used as the University's Chinese Library.

During the Second World War, the building was used as a dormitory of the first-aid station of air defence at Mid-Levels with anti-aircraft weaponry mounted on the roof. After the fall of Hong Kong and during the Japanese occupation, the building was allowed to keep its academic purpose and was also used as a repository of books for private individuals, schools and government organisation.

In 1953, the Museum of Chinese Art and Archaeology was established with exhibitions being held in one of the rooms in the Fung Ping Shan Library.

In 1962, the book collections of Fung Ping Shan Library were transferred to the newly constructed Main Library of The University of Hong Kong. The original library building was then converted into the Fung Ping Shan Museum, which was officially opened in 1964. It was then renamed the University Museum and Art Gallery in 1994. The museum is the oldest one of its kind in continuous operation in Hong Kong. Its collections include Chinese antiquities, bronzes, ceramics and paintings.

A new wing, the T.T. Tsui Building, was opened to the public in 1996, which was built to integrate with the existing University Museum and Art Gallery.

The exterior of the building was declared a monument in 2018.

## Architecture

The building was designed by Leigh and Orange. It is a three-storey building symmetrically constructed with a fan-shaped floor plan and a rounded central section. The facade is mainly constructed of red brick and is decorated with giant pilasters, windows architraves, pediments and moulded cornice and parapet. The atrium features a high-level gallery supported on octagonal columns, which is lit by a prominent skylight on the roof.

1. "Visit HKU". *www.hku.hk*. Retrieved 2024-09-06.
2. "Antiquities and Monuments Office - Declared Monuments in Hong Kong - Hong Kong Island (227)". *www.amo.gov.hk*. Retrieved 2024-09-06.
3. Standard, The. "Monumental time for HKU buildings". *The Standard*. Retrieved 2024-09-06.
4. "香港大學美術博物館". *香港大學美術博物館*. Retrieved 2024-09-06.


title: Heliotropium riebeckii

abstract: Heliotropium riebeckii is a species of plant in the family Boraginaceae. It is endemic to the island of Socotra in Yemen. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and subtropical or tropical wet lowland grassland.

text:
# Heliotropium riebeckii

***Heliotropium riebeckii*** is a species of plant in the family Boraginaceae. It is endemic to the island of Socotra in Yemen. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and subtropical or tropical wet lowland grassland.

## InfoBox

| *Heliotropium riebeckii* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Boraginales |
| Family: | Boraginaceae |
| Genus: | *Heliotropium* |
| Species: | ***H. riebeckii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Heliotropium riebeckii***
Schweinf. & Vierh. | |
|


title: NGC 184

abstract: NGC 184 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Andromeda. It was discovered on October 6, 1883, by Édouard Stephan.

text:
# NGC 184

**NGC 184** is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Andromeda. It was discovered on October 6, 1883, by Édouard Stephan.

* Media related to NGC 184 at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| NGC 184 | |
| --- | --- |
| NGC 184 as seen on SDSS | |
| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Andromeda |
| Right ascension | 00h 38m 35.8s |
| Declination | +29° 26 51 |
| Redshift | 0.017642 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 15.62 |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | S0/a |
| Apparent size (V) | 0.7' × 0.2' |
| Other designations | |
| CGCG 500-059, 2MASX J00383575+2926514, 2MASXi J0038358+292651, PGC 2309. | |


title: Natalya Strunnikova

abstract: Natalya Strunnikova is a bronze medalist in the 1980 Summer Olympics in the women's 4 x 100 meter medley relay.

text:
# Natalya Strunnikova

**Natalya Strunnikova** (Наталья Струнникова, born March 14, 1964) is a bronze medalist in the 1980 Summer Olympics in the women's 4 x 100 meter medley relay.

* Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Nataliya Strunnikova". *Olympics at Sports-Reference.com*. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 2008-12-07. Retrieved 19 May 2010.

## InfoBox

Natalya Strunnikova
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1964-03-14) March 14, 1964<br>Sverdlovsk, Soviet Union |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Swimming |
| Medal record      Representing the  Soviet Union  Olympic Games  1980 Moscow  4×100 m medley  European Championships (LC)  1981 Split  4×100 m medley | |


title: Heanton Punchardon

abstract: Heanton Punchardon is a village, civil parish and former manor, anciently part of Braunton Hundred. It is situated directly east-southeast of the village of Braunton, in North Devon. The parish lies on the north bank of the estuary of the River Taw and it is surrounded, clockwise from the north, by the parishes of Braunton, Marwood, Ashford and across the estuary, Fremington. The population was 418 in 1801 and 404 in 1901. Its largest localities are Wrafton and Chivenor. The surrounding area is also an electoral ward with a total population at the 2011 census of 2,673.

text:
# Heanton Punchardon

**Heanton Punchardon** (/ˈhɛntən/ /pʌnˈɑːrdən/) is a village, civil parish and former manor, anciently part of Braunton Hundred. It is situated directly east-southeast of the village of Braunton, in North Devon. The parish lies on the north bank of the estuary of the River Taw and it is surrounded, clockwise from the north, by the parishes of Braunton, Marwood, Ashford and across the estuary, Fremington. The population was 418 in 1801 and 404 in 1901. Its largest localities are Wrafton and Chivenor. The surrounding area is also an electoral ward with a total population at the 2011 census of 2,673.

## St Augustine's Church

The parish is within Barnstaple Deanery for ecclesiastical purposes. The parish church is dedicated to St Augustine of Canterbury, who brought Christianity to England. It is a Grade I listed building and has three listed monuments in its churchyard. Parts date to about the 13th century. It has a bell-tower at the west end, with embattled parapet with crocketted corner pinnacles. The nave contains Tudor arched doorways and a five-bay arcade. The sundial over the south porch, dated 1795, is by John and Thomas Berry.

An ornate Easter Sepulchre tomb in the chancel is to Richard Coffin (1456–1523), Sheriff of Devon in 1511. The church has monuments to the Ballyman family and to the Basset family, lords of the manor, situated in the Basset Chapel, at the east end of the north aisle, now almost fully occupied by the organ.

### Commonwealth War Graves

Heanton Punchardon is one mile from Chivenor and during World War II, the parish church, St. Augustine's churchyard was enlarged to accommodate a war graves plot on new ground. The churchyard contains two burials of the First World War and 85 from the Second World War. It also has 38 post-war Royal Air Force burials and one Italian war grave. In total it has 126 active military personnel graves.

## Heanton Court

Heanton Court looking north-west across the River Taw estuary: **Left**, 1796 watercolour by Rev. John Swete; **Right**, similar view photographed from Penhill Point 2014

Heanton Court, the former manor house of the Manor of Heanton Punchardon, is a grade II listed building situated on the north shore-line of the River Taw estuary, about a mile south-east of the parish church. Rev. John Swete described the house in spring 1796 as "the seat of Col. Basset" and wrote of it that "The house exhibits itself handsomely though its situation (like that of Lord Heathfield's on the Exe \[i.e. Nutwell\]) seems to be too contiguous to the water. Nearly opposite to it was a large track of marsh and sand..." He later made a copy of a painting by William Payne, c. 1790, The house as painted by Swete in about 1797 is essentially as it survives today, retaining its battlements and corner towers. It is currently used as a public house and hotel, known in 2015 as the Braunton Inn. In 2019 known as Heanton Court.

## Historic estates

### Wrafton

51°09′N 04°15′W / 51.150°N 4.250°W / 51.150; -4.250
Wrafton is a large hamlet narrowly separated by a small field from edge of the main local village centre, that of Braunton to the west. It is the location of Wrafton Laboratories, the division of over-the-counter preparations and contract medications producer Perrigo UK, manufacturer for Bayer UK of Germolene. Perrigo bought Wrafton Laboratories in 2001. The Tarka Trail follows the course of the dismantled railway through Wrafton.

### Chivenor

51°05′N 04°09′W / 51.083°N 4.150°W / 51.083; -4.150
Chivenor was an estate within the parish and is immediately to the south of the village, which has a considerable military personnel only housing estate. Until 1970 the Chivenor part of the village had the first station after the still active Barnstaple station on the now-closed Ilfracombe Branch Line.

## Notable residents

Among those who rest in the churchyard is the poet Edward Capern (1819–1894), known as the Rural Postman (poet) of Bideford. His headstone is a Grade II listed monument.

1. "Key Figures for 2011 Census: Key Statistics – Area: Heanton Punchardon (Parish)". *Neighbourhood Statistics*. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
2. "Map of Devon Parishes" (PDF). Devon County Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2016.
3. "Key Figures for 2011 Census: Key Statistics – Area: Heanton Punchardon (Ward)". *Neighbourhood Statistics*. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
4. See typescript Church Notes by B. F. Cresswell, arranged by deaneries, held in the Westcountry Studies Library
5. Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1107743)". *National Heritage List for England*. Retrieved 15 July 2013.
6. "Heanton Court Barton – Heanton Punchardon – Devon – England". British Listed Buildings. 14 November 1985. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
7. Gray, Todd & Rowe, Margery (Eds.), *Travels in Georgian Devon: The Illustrated Journals of the Reverend John Swete, 1789–1800*, Vol.3, Tiverton, 1999, pp. 95–6
8. *Who makes Germolene Antiseptic Cream?*, Bayer UK, March 2001.Accessed: 27 January 2010.
9. *Perrigo UK History*, Perrigo UK, Undated Archived 5 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine.Accessed: 27 January 2010.
10. *Barnstaple to Ilfracombe Railway 1874–1970*, Explore Braunton project, Undated.Accessed: 27 January 2010.
11. "Gravestone to Edward Capern, - approximately 12 metres south of East End of Heanton Punchardon Church". *National Heritage List for England*. Historic England. Retrieved 1 June 2024.

## InfoBox

| Heanton Punchardon | |
| --- | --- |
| St Augustine's Church, Heanton Punchardon | |
| Heanton PunchardonLocation within Devon | |
| Population | 2,406 (2011 census) |
| OS grid reference | SS5035 |
| District |  |
| Shire county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | BARNSTAPLE |
| Postcode district | EX31 |
|  | |
| Police | Devon and Cornwall |
| Fire | Devon and Somerset |
| Ambulance | South Western |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Naoki Yoshikawa (footballer)

abstract: Naoki Yoshikawa Naoki Yoshikawa is a Japanese footballer currently studying at the Niigata University of Health and Welfare.

text:
# Naoki Yoshikawa (footballer)

**Naoki Yoshikawa** (吉川 直輝, *Yoshikawa Naoki*, born 21 April 2002) is a Japanese footballer currently studying at the Niigata University of Health and Welfare.

## Career statistics

### Club

*As of 17 March 2021*.

| Club | Season | League | | | National Cup | | League Cup | | Other | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Gamba Osaka U-23 | 2020 | J3 League | 5 | 0 |  | |  | | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Career total | | | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |

Notes   1. Naoki Yoshikawa at Soccerway

## InfoBox

Naoki Yoshikawa
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (2002-04-21) 21 April 2002 | | |
| Place of birth | Osaka, Japan | | |
| Height | 1.87 m (6 ft 2 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Kanan SC | | |
| 0000–2020 | Gamba Osaka | | |
| 2021– | Niigata University of<br>Health and Welfare | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2020 | Gamba Osaka U-23 | 5 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 17:04, 17 March 2021 (UTC) | | | |


title: Prabhaben Shah

abstract: Prabhaben Shah was an Indian social worker. In 2022, she was awarded Padma Shri by the Indian Government for her contribution in social work.

text:
# Prabhaben Shah

**Prabhaben Shah** (20 February 1930 – 18 January 2023) was an Indian social worker. In 2022, she was awarded Padma Shri by the Indian Government for her contribution in social work.

## Career

Shah decided to be a social worker at the age of 12. She had established a Gujarat medium primary school Bal *Mandir*. In 1963, she established the women named Mahila Mandal. She had also helped needy people during Kutch earthquake in 2001, and Kerala flood in 2018.

## Personal life and death

Shah was from Daman and Diu. She died from heart disease on 18 January 2023, at the age of 92.

## Awards

## InfoBox

| Prabhaben Shah | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1930-02-20)20 February 1930
Sayan, Gujarat, India |
| Died | 18 January 2023(2023-01-18) (aged 92)
Daman, India |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Known for | Social work |
| Children | 3 |
| Awards | Padma Shri (2022) |


title: Michihiro Ogasawara

abstract: Michihiro Ogasawara is a Japanese former professional baseball player. He had an illustrious career spanning 18 years with the Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters, Yomiuri Giants, and the Chunichi Dragons where he won two Japan Series, two MVP awards in both the Pacific and Central leagues; only one of two people to do so and the first to do it in consecutive seasons. He was an NPB All-Star 11 times. He was also a part of the 2006 and 2009 World Baseball Classic winning Japan sides.

text:
# Michihiro Ogasawara

**Michihiro Ogasawara** (小笠原 道大, born October 25, 1973, in Mihama-ku, Chiba, Chiba Prefecture, Japan) is a Japanese former professional baseball player.

He had an illustrious career spanning 18 years with the Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters, Yomiuri Giants, and the Chunichi Dragons where he won two Japan Series, two MVP awards in both the Pacific and Central leagues; only one of two people to do so and the first to do it in consecutive seasons. He was an NPB All-Star 11 times. He was also a part of the 2006 and 2009 World Baseball Classic winning Japan sides.

## Early career

Ogasawara started playing baseball at age 7 playing in the Chiba West Little League. From 1989 he studied at Gyosei International High School in Kisarazu, Chiba Prefecture. When he started at the team he was regarded as a complete no-name and his then coach mentioned that "we were asked to go after a junior middle schooler from the Chiba West Little League and we got the player that no one spoke of, Ogasawara." Up until that point he had been tried at a variety of fielding positions including shortstop, third base and outfield but during high school was converted to be a second baseman and the following year served as a catcher (however Ogasawara admits that catcher was his least favourite position) In his junior year, alongside fellow future pro Tetsuya Kitagawa he finished runner-up in the Chiba prefectural tournament. Although now widely regarded for his power and hitting prowess, Ogaswara failed to register a single home run in the tournament.

Following graduation from high school, Ogasawara was employed with NTT East. He was judged at the time to, even in the worst case, still be of use as a bullpen catcher. He would start life with the team as a catcher and later form a battery with future Hokkaido Nippon Ham Fighters team-mate, Naoyuki Tateishi. In 1996, he took part in the 67th Intercity baseball tournament, playing alongside Nobuhiko Matsunaka with Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Kazusa Magic to reach the best 8.

In 1996, Ogasawara was the third draft pick selected by the Fighters in the 1996 Nippon Professional Baseball Draft where he made the declaration that he would become a "player that can contest for batting titles."

## Professional career

Ogasawara was one of the most consistent hitters in Japanese baseball. He won two consecutive batting titles from 20022003, and led the league in home runs and RBIs in 2006 to win the Pacific League MVP award. He led the league in hits from 20002001, and has won 6 Japanese Golden Glove awards at first base and third base. He participated in the 2004 Summer Olympics held in Athens, Greece, winning a bronze medal. He also played for the Japanese national team in the 2006 World Baseball Classic, where he hit a home run off Esteban Loaiza at Angel Stadium of Anaheim. In 2006, he helped the Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters win their first Pacific League pennant since 1981, sweeping the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks in the playoffs to reach the Japanese championship series against the Chunichi Dragons. The Fighters beat the Dragons in 5 games to win the Japanese championship series.

He became a free agent in 2006, and signed a four-year contract with the Yomiuri Giants during the off-season.

Following 6 successful years with the Giants, Ogasawara would move to the Chunichi Dragons in 2013 and retired with the team at the conclusion of the 2015 season.

## Post-retirement and coaching career

Following retirement, Ogasawara was instated as the head coach of the Chunichi Dragons' minor league team, playing in the Western League. Following the dismissal of first team manager, Motonobu Tanishige on 8 August, 2016 Ogasawara was mentioned as the main candidate to replace the outgoing manager at the season's end. He was however unsuccessful in attaining the manager position as senior figures at the Dragons decided to appoint a more experienced manager in Shigekazu Mori to help rebuild the team.

On 29 September 2019, it was announced that Ogasawara would not be renewing his contract with the Dragons for the 2020 season with speculation linking him with the vacant Nippon Ham Fighters managerial position.

## InfoBox

| Michihiro Ogasawara | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| **Infielder/Coach** | |
| **Born:**  (1973-10-25) October 25, 1973
Mihama-ku, Chiba, Chiba Prefecture, Japan | |
| **Batted:** Left**Threw:** Right | |
| debut | |
| 8 April, 1997, for the Nippon Ham Fighters | |
| Last appearance | |
| 21 September, 2015, for the Chunichi Dragons | |
| Career statistics
(through 2015) | |
| Batting average | .310 |
| Hits | 2,120 |
| Home runs | 378 |
| Run batted in | 1,169 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
| **As player** **As coach** | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
| Medals      Men's baseball  Representing  Japan  Athens 2004  Team Competition  World Baseball Classic  2006 San Diego  Team Competition  2009 Los Angeles  Team Competition | |


title: Noh Cheonmyeong

abstract: Noh Cheonmyeong was an early-modern South Korean poet.

text:
# Noh Cheonmyeong

**Noh Cheonmyeong** (Korean: 노천명; September 2, 1912 – December 10, 1957) was an early-modern South Korean poet.

## Biography

Noh Cheonmyeong was born on September 2, 1912, in Kōkai-dō, Korea, Empire of Japan. In 1934 Noh graduated with a B.A. in English from Ewha Womans University. Noh was a participant in the Drama Arts Society and a reporter for several newspapers including the Choson Chungang Ilbo, *Maeil Sinbo*, *Seoul Shinmun*, and Punyo Shinmun. Noh also worked as a lecturer at Sorabol Arts College, Ewha Womans University, and Kookmin University. Noh died in 1957.

During the Korean War, Noh was convicted of being involved in anti-government activities and sentenced to twenty years in jail. After the efforts of writers Kim Gwangseop and Lee Heongu, Noh was released after serving six months.

## Work

Noh made her literary debut with publication of her poem, "Nae cheongchunui baeneun" in Siwon. Her posthumous collection, Songs of Deer was published in 1958, and in 1960, her family published the Collected Works of Noh Chon-myong.

The Literature Institute of Korea summarizes Noh's contributions to Korean Literature:

Noh's first collection of poems, Coral Forest (Sanhorim), Noh evokes a world of nostalgia through carefully framed recollections of her childhood. Pieces such as “Self-portrait”(Jahwasang) and “Deer” (Saseum) are existential explorations of solitude. Her second collection, Changbyeon, which was published after Korean independence from Japan, expanded upon the themes in her Coral Forest melancholy, solitude, love and nostalgia and is often considered an extension of her first collection. Both volumes are characterized by a lyrical intertwining of solitude and nostalgia in simple, delicate language. The poems at once delineate the solitary space where connection with another is impossible and express a kind of anti-nostalgia in the hopes of transcending the past.

## Works in Korean (Partial)

* A Forest of Coral ( Self-published, 1938)
* By the Window (Maeil Shinbo-sa, 1945)
* Gazing at the Stars (Huimang Publisher, 1953)
* Songs of Deer (Hallim-sa, 1958)
* Collected Works of Chon-myong (Chonmyongsa, 1960)

## InfoBox

| Noh Cheonmyeong | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | September 2, 1912
Biseok, Suntaek, Chōen County, Kōkai-dō, Korea, Empire of Japan |
| Died | December 10, 1957(1957-12-10) (aged 45)
Seoul, South Korea |
| Alma mater | Ewha Womans University |
| Period | 1932-1960 |
|  | |
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | 노천명 |
| Hanja |  |
| Revised Romanization | *No Cheonmyeong* |
| McCune–Reischauer | *No Ch'ŏnmyŏng* |
|  | |


title: Phloeolaemus

abstract:
Phloeolaemus is a genus of beetles in the family Laemophloeidae, containing the following species:
  - Phloeolaemus anticus Sharp
  - Phloeolaemus boops Sharp
  - Phloeolaemus chamaeropis Schwarz
  - Phloeolaemus championi Sharp
  - Phloeolaemus curtus Grouvelle
  - Phloeolaemus endomychus Sharp
  - Phloeolaemus hoplites Sharp
  - Phloeolaemus ignobilis Sharp
  - Phloeolaemus immersus Sharp
  - Phloeolaemus impressus Grouvelle
  - Phloeolaemus macrocephalus Schaeffer
  - Phloeolaemus punctulaticollis Hetschko
  - Phloeolaemus quinquearticulatus Grouvelle
  - Phloeolaemus reitteri Grouvelle
  - Phloeolaemus sharpi Hetschko
  - Phloeolaemus teapensis Grouvelle

text:
# Phloeolaemus

***Phloeolaemus*** is a genus of beetles in the family Laemophloeidae, containing the following species:

## InfoBox

| *Phloeolaemus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Dorsal habitus AutoMontage photo of *Phloeolaemus hoplites* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Superfamily: | Cucujoidea |
| Family: | Laemophloeidae |
| Genus: | *Phloeolaemus*<br>Casey, 1916 |
|


title: Hennstedt, Dithmarschen

abstract: Hennstedt is a municipality in the district of Dithmarschen, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated approximately 10 km northeast of Heide. Hennstedt is the seat of the Amt Kirchspielslandgemeinde Eider.

text:
# Hennstedt, Dithmarschen

**Hennstedt** is a municipality in the district of Dithmarschen, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated approximately 10 km northeast of Heide. Hennstedt is the seat of the *Amt Kirchspielslandgemeinde* ("collective municipality") Eider.

## People

## InfoBox

| Hennstedt | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| St. Secundus | |
|  | |
| Location of Hennstedt within Dithmarschen district | |
| Hennstedt Hennstedt | |
| Coordinates: 54°16′N 09°10′E / 54.267°N 9.167°E / 54.267; 9.167 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Schleswig-Holstein |
| District | Dithmarschen |
| Municipal assoc. | KLG Eider |
| Subdivisions | 10 |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Anne Riecke (FDP) |
| Area | |
| Total | 21.94 km2 (8.47 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 15 m (49 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 2,042 |
| Density | 93/km2 (240/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 25779 |
| Dialling codes | 04836 |
| Vehicle registration | HEI |
| Website | www.amt-eider.de |


title: NGC 185

abstract: NGC 185 is a dwarf spheroidal galaxy located 2.08 million light-years from Earth, appearing in the constellation Cassiopeia. It is a member of the Local Group, and is a satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy (M31). NGC 185 was discovered by William Herschel on November 30, 1787, and he cataloged it "H II.707". John Herschel observed the object again in 1833 when he cataloged it as "h 35", and then in 1864 when he cataloged it as "GC 90" within his General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters. NGC 185 was first photographed between 1898 and 1900 by James Edward Keeler with the Crossley Reflector of Lick Observatory. Unlike most dwarf elliptical galaxies, NGC 185 contains young stellar clusters, and star formation proceeded at a low rate until the recent past. NGC 185 has an active galactic nucleus (AGN) and is usually classified as a type 2 Seyfert galaxy, though its status as a Seyfert is questioned. It is possibly the closest Seyfert galaxy to Earth, and is the only known Seyfert in the Local Group.

text:
# NGC 185

**NGC 185** (also known as **Caldwell 18**) is a dwarf spheroidal galaxy located 2.08 million light-years from Earth, appearing in the constellation Cassiopeia. It is a member of the Local Group, and is a satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy (M31). NGC 185 was discovered by William Herschel on November 30, 1787, and he cataloged it "H II.707". John Herschel observed the object again in 1833 when he cataloged it as "h 35", and then in 1864 when he cataloged it as "GC 90" within his *General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters*. NGC 185 was first photographed between 1898 and 1900 by James Edward Keeler with the Crossley Reflector of Lick Observatory. Unlike most dwarf elliptical galaxies, NGC 185 contains young stellar clusters, and star formation proceeded at a low rate until the recent past. NGC 185 has an active galactic nucleus (AGN) and is usually classified as a type 2 Seyfert galaxy, though its status as a Seyfert is questioned. It is possibly the closest Seyfert galaxy to Earth, and is the only known Seyfert in the Local Group.

## Distance measurements

At least two techniques have been used to measure distances to NGC 185. The surface brightness fluctuations distance measurement technique estimates distances to galaxies based on the graininess of their appearance. The distance measured to NGC 185 using this technique is 2.08 ± 0.15 Mly (640 ± 50 kpc). However, NGC 185 is close enough that the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) method may be used to estimate its distance. The estimated distance to NGC 185 using this technique is 2.02 ± 0.2 Mly (620 ± 60 kpc).

## Star formation

Martínez-Delgado, Aparicio, & Gallart (1999) looked into the star formation history of NGC 185 and found that the majority of star formation in NGC 185 happened at early times. In the last ~1 Gyr, stars have formed only near the center of this galaxy. Walter Baade discovered young blue objects within this galaxy in 1951, but these have turned out to be star clusters and not individual stars. A supernova remnant near the center was also discovered by Martínez-Delgado et al.

## InfoBox

| NGC 185 | |
| --- | --- |
| NGC 185 imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope | |
| Observation data (J2000.0 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Cassiopeia |
| Right ascension | 00h 38m 57.970s |
| Declination | +48° 20 14.56 |
| Redshift | −202 ± 3 km/ |
| Distance | 2.05 ± 0.13 Mly (630 ± 40 kpc)\[a\] |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 10.1 |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | dSph/dE3, Sy2 |
| Apparent size (V) | 11.7 × 10.0 |
| Notable features | Satellite galaxy of the
Andromeda Galaxy |
| Other designations | |
| UGC 396, PGC 2329, LEDA 2329, Caldwell 18 | |


title: Naomi Cappuccino

abstract: Naomi Cappuccino is an associate professor of biology at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. Her research primarily focuses on population ecology and biological control of invasive species.

text:
# Naomi Cappuccino

**Naomi Cappuccino** is an associate professor of biology at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. Her research primarily focuses on population ecology and biological control of invasive species.

## Education

Cappuccino received her bachelor's degree in biology from Brown University in 1982. She went on to earn her Ph.D. from Cornell University in ecology and evolutionary biology in 1988. Her thesis was titled *Comparative Population Dynamics of Two Goldenrod Aphids: Spatial Patterns and Temporal Constancy*, which compared two species that feed on the *Solidago altissima*: the *Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum* and *Uroleucon caligatum*.

## Career and research

Cappuccino worked at the Université du Québec à Montréal for five years, researching the spruce budworm in northwestern Québec. Currently, she teaches a number of classes on plants and plant-animal interactions and works as a co-supervisor for undergraduate honors students and graduate students at the Central Experimental Farm.

Her current research works to help her local community combat invasive species using natural population control methods. The first invasive species Cappuccino and her fellow researchers approached was the dog-strangling vine, an Eastern European vine that was sweeping across Canada, strangling plants and surviving winters, making anthropogenic removal very difficult. The researches retrieved one of the vine's natural predators, the *Hypena opulenta* moth, and saw successful results with decreased vines across the areas where this tactic was implemented while not affecting local species. Her current research is on population control of the invasive lily leaf beetle, which also involves using the species' natural predator, the *Tetrastichus setifer*, a non-stinging parasitic wasp that only attacks the beetle. The wasps lay eggs on the beetle larvae, and the wasp larvae eat the beetle larvae from the inside. Results with the lily leaf beetle have been found to be up to 90 percent effective.

### Awards and honors

Cappuccino's paper *The Nature of Population Stability in *Eurosta solidaginis*, A Nonoutbreaking Herbivore of Goldenrod* was chosen for the 1993 George Mercer Award, an award given by the Ecological Society of America for ecological researchers under the age of 40. Cappuccino herself considers this to be one of her best experiments. Her paper was awarded for its "insightful experiments on population regulation, thoughtful interpretation of the results, and an impressive ability to extrapolate a crucial ecological process over space and time," and because "it is a model for modern studies of population regulation."

### Publications

Some of Cappuccino's cited publications include:

* Jenner, W.H., Mason, P.G., Cappuccino, N. and Kuhlmann U. 2010. Native range assessment of classical biological control agents: impact of inundative releases as pre-introduction evaluation. *Bulletin of Entomological Research* 100:387-394.
* Jenner, W.H., Kuhlmann, U., Mason, P.G and Cappuccino, N. 2010. Comparative life tables of leek moth, *Acrolepiopsis* *assectella* (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae), in its native range. *Bulletin of Entomological Research* 100:87-97.
* Jogesh, T., Carpenter, D., and Cappuccino, N. 2008. Herbivory on invasive exotic plants and their non-invasive relatives. *Biological Invasions* 10:797-804.
* Mogg, C., Petit, P., Cappuccino, N., Durst, T., McKague, C., Foster, M., Yack, J. E., Arnason, J. T. and Smith, M. L. 2008. Tests of the antibiotic properties of the invasive vine *Vincetoxicum* *rossicum* against bacteria, fungi and insects. *Biochemical Systematics and Ecology* 36:383-391.
* Ernst, C., Cappuccino, N. and Arnason, J. T. 2007. Potential novel hosts for the lily leaf beetle *Lilioceris lilii* Scopoli (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) in eastern North America. *Ecological Entomology* 32:45-52.
* Cappuccino, N. and Arnason, J. T. 2006. Novel chemistry of invasive exotic plants. *Biology Letters* 2: 189–193.

## InfoBox

| Naomi Cappuccino | |
| --- | --- |
| Alma mater | Cornell University, Ph.D. Brown University, B.A. |
| Known for | Invasive species and biological control |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Ecology |
| Institutions | Carleton University |
| Thesis | *Comparative Population Dynamics of Two Goldenrod Aphids: Spatial Patterns and Temporal Constancy* (1987) |
|  | |