title: George Wunder

abstract: George S. Wunder was an American cartoonist best known for his 26 years illustrating the Terry and the Pirates comic strip. Born in Manhattan, Wunder grew up in Kingston, New York. As a youth, he planned a career as a professional comics artist. Other than correspondence courses, including the International Correspondence School art course, he was a self-taught artist. At the age of 24, he began as a staff artist at the Associated Press, where he worked alongside illustrator Noel Sickles and sports cartoonist Tom Paprocki. At AP, Wunder illustrated fiction and various editorial cartoon features, such as "Can Hitler Beat the Russian Jinx?" During World War II, he served in the Army from 1942 to 1946. Returning to the Associated Press after World War II, he drew the strip See for Yourself in 1946 for AP Newsfeatures.

text:
# George Wunder

**George S. Wunder** (April 24, 1912 – December 13, 1987) was an American cartoonist best known for his 26 years illustrating the *Terry and the Pirates* comic strip.

Born in Manhattan, Wunder grew up in Kingston, New York. As a youth, he planned a career as a professional comics artist. Other than correspondence courses, including the International Correspondence School art course, he was a self-taught artist. At the age of 24, he began as a staff artist at the Associated Press, where he worked alongside illustrator Noel Sickles and sports cartoonist Tom Paprocki. At AP, Wunder illustrated fiction and various editorial cartoon features, such as "Can Hitler Beat the Russian Jinx?"

During World War II, he served in the Army from 1942 to 1946. Returning to the Associated Press after World War II, he drew the strip *See for Yourself* in 1946 for AP Newsfeatures.

## *Terry and the Pirates*

In 1946, when Milton Caniff left *Terry and the Pirates*, there were about 100 artists who applied for the job, according to Caniff. Wunder submitted samples, and the Tribune-News Syndicate chose Wunder as Caniff's replacement (with former Caniff assistant Lee Elias a close runner-up). Wunder's first *Terry and the Pirates* appeared in newspapers on December 30, 1946, launching the story "Trouble in Tibet". Comics historian Don Markstein noted the transition:

Terry was left in the hands of George Wunder, a skilled cartoonist who maintained a high level of quality. But Caniff was a unique talent, and nobody could ever truly replace him. Terry Lee had joined the U.S. Air Force during World War II. Wunder left him there, and let him mature fully as an Air Force officer. During the Vietnam Era, military-oriented entertainment declined in popularity. The strip was discontinued in 1973. By that time, Wunder, too, had stopped doing it — although it still bore his byline, it was ghosted by Al Plastino, better known for his work on *Superman*. (Plastino was also handling the pantomime strip *Ferd'nand*, and later became Ernie Bushmiller's assistant on *Nancy*.)

Initially, Wunder drew the strip so it was similar to that of Caniff and Sickles, but he soon developed his own distinctive style. Hotshot Charlie, for example, was drawn in a more openly humorous manner than before. In 1953, Canada Dry offered a "premium giveaway" with a case of its ginger ale  one minibook in a trilogy series of *Terry and the Pirates* strips by Wunder, printed by Harvey Comics. Throughout the 1950s, the Sunday pages used color for psychological effect. One Wunder panel from that period has no blue or green shadows as one might expect; the panel was colored only with orange, red and yellow. In another, Terry is colored green in front, and his back is a yellow-orange. Wunder drew dramatic and highly detailed pictures, but comics historian Maurice Horn claimed it was difficult to tell one character from another and wrote that Wunder's stories lacked Caniff's essential humor. At the end of the 1950s, Hotshot Charlie was dropped from the strip, which was drawn and colored in a more sedate manner with careful attention to the airplanes flown by Terry Lee and his friends.

Writer-artist Bill Pearson noted that Wunder spent "decades producing a very solid adventure strip. He drew ugly people, even young women, which was certainly a curious trait, but he was one of the *very best* inkers in the business. His technique was flawless." With his clean and precise inking style, Wunder filled his panels with numerous foreground and background details, as landscape painter Bob Foster observed:

I read Wunder's *Terry* when I was a kid and even then was impressed by all the work he put into it. Every single panel was fully loaded with detailed backgrounds and detailed wrinkles, costumes and hairs, even on all the characters in the background, all the woodgrain in all the wood, and all those black shadows that lent an air of foreboding to each panel. I could never get over his 3/4 rear view of a character's eyeball straining to see something behind him. And all those overly bridged noses on both guys and gals all crying out for rhinoplasty. For many years I resented the overloaded panels and decided I didn't like Wunder's rendering of *Terry and the Pirates*. It was only in the last few years that I came to appreciate Wunder's work on *Terry*. One day I realized that he never cheated. He gave us everything in infinite detail in every panel and never deprived us of any wrinkles, bricks, tiles, leaves, woodgrain, fingernails, hairs, cloth patterns or buttons. Yeah, the look-alike facial features of all his characters in the later years of *Terry* was stylistic and bothersome, but he never cheated.

## Assistants

In mid 1962 former EC Comics and Classics Illustrated artist George Evans came on board as Wunder's assistant on the daily strip. As Evans related in an interview in *The Comics Journal* #177 (May 1995), "George would lay out the strip, pencil and ink the characters' heads, and I would finish the strip." Evans said that during these years Wunder did the Sunday pages all himself. In the same interview he told how he had drawn a daily strip where a general's uniform varied from the way Wunder drew the character in the Sunday for that week, necessitating re-drawing parts of the Sunday. Evans offered to help, but Wunder wouldn't let him saying, "It wasn't your mistake." Then he dug out his electric eraser and went to work on the Sunday. Evans worked on the strip until it was cancelled in 1973. Other artists who stepped in to assist Wunder included Lee Elias, Russ Heath, Fred Kida, Don Sherwood, Frank Springer and Wally Wood.

## Retirement

The strip was being carried in 100 newspapers when Wunder retired in 1973. The *New York Daily News* ran every *Terry and the Pirates* daily and Sunday except for the final three weeks by Wunder in 1973. At the time of his retirement, Wunder commented:

It's a strip I've enjoyed doing, but on the other hand, it has been, oh, a chore. The sheer mechanics of producing that much work week in and week out ties you down... Taste in strips seems to be changing. People just don't seem to follow continuity strips any more the way they used to. They get an average of three to four complete stories a night off the boob tube. There's no reason why they should hang around anywhere from eight to 12 weeks to find out just how one story came out."

When Wunder, who lived in Sherman, Connecticut, announced his retirement, the syndicate chose to cancel the strip on February 25, 1973. Wunder regarded the cancellation as a Vietnam War casualty, commenting, "The fighter pilot is no longer the glamorous, reckless defender of the free world against all comers. He's now the cold-blooded professional dropping napalm on women and children."

## Death

Wunder died of a heart attack in the New Milford Hospital on Sunday, December 13, 1987, survived by his wife, Mildred, and his sister, Beatrice Bogert of Riverdale, New Jersey. At age 87, Mildred "Millie" A. Wunder (née Smith), who was known as "Mrs. Terry and the Pirates," died March 1, 2001, in Port St. Lucie, Florida after a short illness.

## *Our Guest Star*

Wunder's *Our Guest Star* was a 1955 promotional strip featuring characters from *Terry and the Pirates* with cameo appearances by film stars and other celebrities.

## Awards

Wunder was a member of the Illustrators Club and the National Cartoonists Society. On June 11, 1963, he was honored by the United States Air Force with their Exceptional Service Award. In 1970, he received the National Cartoonists Society's Silver T-Square Award.

## InfoBox

| George Wunder | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1912-04-24)April 24, 1912
New York City, New York |
| Died | December 13, 1987(1987-12-13) (aged 75)
New Milford, Connecticut |
| Nationality | American |
| Area(s) | Cartoonist, Writer, Artist, Inker |
| Notable works | *Terry and the Pirates* |
| Awards | United States Air Force Exceptional Service Award, 1963
National Cartoonists Society's Silver T-Square Award, 1970 |


title: Plant City High School

abstract: The Plant City High School is a public high school in Plant City, Florida, United States and is part of the Hillsborough County Public Schools. The current school building was completed in 1972 on Maki Road, now called Raider Place.

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# Plant City High School

The **Plant City High School** is a public high school in Plant City, Florida, United States and is part of the Hillsborough County Public Schools. The current school building was completed in 1972 on Maki Road, now called Raider Place.

## History

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Plant City High School | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| The old Plant City High School | |
|  | |
| Location | 605 N. Collins St.,
Plant City, Florida |
| Coordinates | 28°1′9″N 82°7′36″W / 28.01917°N 82.12667°W / 28.01917; -82.12667 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1914 |
| Architect | Willis R. Biggers, Dudley & Carlton |
| Architectural style | Georgian Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 81000194 |
| Added to NRHP | February 4, 1981 |

The original school is located at 605 North Collins Street. It was built in 1914 and designed by Tampa-based architect Willis R. Biggers. The original building now houses a community center and historical society and was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on February 4, 1981.

## School

In May 2006, Plant City High School was recognized as one of the top 1000 high schools in America by Newsweek magazine. Advance placement examination participation at PCHS has tripled since 2000, the largest increase in the district. Nearly 20% of the 2006 graduates passed an AP exam while in high school. Seven of the teachers are Nationally Board Certified.

The current principal is Ms. Traci Durrance.

## Improvement

Plant City was one of 16 schools nationwide selected by the College Board for inclusion in the EXCELerator *School Improvement Model* program beginning the 2007–2008 school year. The project was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

## Notable alumni

## InfoBox

| Plant City High School | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 1 Raider Place
Plant City, Florida 33563-7199
United States | |
| Coordinates | 27°59′28″N 82°07′44″W / 27.991°N 82.129°W / 27.991; -82.129 |
| Information | |
| Type | Public high school |
| Established | 1914 (1914) |
| School district | Hillsborough County Public Schools |
| Principal | Traci Durrance |
| Teaching staff | 112.00 (FTE) |
| Grades | 9-12 |
| Enrollment | 2,474 (2022–23) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 22.09 |
| Colour(s) | Teal and Orange |
| Team name | Raiders |
| Website | plantcity.mysdhc.org |


title: Mary C. Pearl

abstract: Mary Corliss Pearl, an environmental scientist, is a former Dean of William E. Macaulay Honors College. She was appointed by Chancellor Milliken in September 2016, and served until August 2021. Formerly, Dr. Pearl served as the first dean and administrative vice president of Stony Brook University Southampton. Before coming to Macaulay Honors College, she was CEO of The Garrison Institute.

text:
# Mary C. Pearl

**Mary Corliss Pearl** (born July 5, 1950), an environmental scientist, is a former Dean of William E. Macaulay Honors College. She was appointed by Chancellor Milliken in September 2016, and served until August 2021. Formerly, Dr. Pearl served as the first dean and administrative vice president of Stony Brook University Southampton. Before coming to Macaulay Honors College, she was CEO of The Garrison Institute.

## Education

Pearl received her bachelor's degree from Yale University in 1972 and her Master of Philosophy, also from Yale, in 1976 and Doctor of Philosophy, again from Yale, in 1982.

## Career

From 1984 to 1993, Pearl was director for Asia and Pacific and administrator for conservation programs at the Wildlife Conservation Society. From 1994 to February 2009, she was president of Wildlife Trust/Ecohealth Alliance. During this time Pearl served on the faculty of the New York Times Institute for Environmental Journalists.

In March 2009, she became the administrative vice president and dean at SUNY Stony Brook Southampton . She left this position in July 2010 to become chief executive officer of the Garrison Institute, a research and retreat center. In 2011, she taught at the School of Visual Arts in the Masters Program for Design for Social Innovation.

In May 2012, Pearl joined the City University of New York. Pearl held positions as chief academic officer and associate dean at the William E. Macaulay Honors College and professor of biology at Brooklyn College. She simultaneously held the positions of senior research scientist at Columbia University, based at the Center for Environment Economy and Society. In March 2014, she was appointed provost at Macaulay. In February 2016, when the former dean, Dr. Ann Kirschner, was named special advisor to CUNY Chancellor James Milliken, Pearl was named interim dean for Macaulay. In September 2016, Chancellor Milliken named her dean.

## Honors

She is a founding member of the Higher Education Group of the Rainforest Alliance, New York City, 1988. Trustee Gomez Foundation, 1985-2000. Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Board member of the Institute for Ecological Research (Brazil), Ecohealth Society, Society for Conservation Biology (board governor 1990-1993), International Union for Conservation of Nature (primate specialist group species survival commission), International Women's Forum, and the Belizean Grove. She received an honorary Doctor of Science degree from Marist College in 2006.

## Bibliography

* Ralls, Katherine. "Conservation for the Twenty-First Century." Science 247.4939 (1990): 224. Academic OneFile. Web. 18 Oct. 2016.
* Pearl, Mary C., and Paul Rodewald. "The Expendable Future: U.S. Politics and the Protection of Biological Diversity." Ecology 72.5 (1991): 1905+. Academic OneFile. Web. 18 Oct. 2016


title: Yuran Nimasha

abstract: Yuran Nimasha is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Colombo Cricket Club in the 2018–19 Premier League Tournament on 31 January 2019. He made his List A debut on 3 November 2021, for Burgher Recreation Club in the 2021–22 Major Clubs Limited Over Tournament.

text:
# Yuran Nimasha

**Yuran Nimasha** (born 18 December 1998) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Colombo Cricket Club in the 2018–19 Premier League Tournament on 31 January 2019. He made his List A debut on 3 November 2021, for Burgher Recreation Club in the 2021–22 Major Clubs Limited Over Tournament.

## InfoBox

Yuran Nimasha
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Godagama Archchige Yuran Nimasha Maduranga |
| Born | (1998-12-18) 18 December 1998 |
| Source: Cricinfo, 2 February 2019 | |


title: Oscar Holthe

abstract: Oscar Holthe (1872–1970) was a Norwegian figure skater who competed in men's singles. He won the bronze medals at the 1898 and 1900 European Figure Skating Championships.

text:
# Oscar Holthe

**Oscar Holthe** (1872–1970) was a Norwegian figure skater who competed in men's singles.

He won the bronze medals at the 1898 and 1900 European Figure Skating Championships.

## Competitive highlights

| Event | 1897 | 1898 | 1899 | 1900 | 1901 | 1902 | 1903 | 1904 | 1905 | 1906 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| World Championships | 6th |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| European Championships |  | 3rd |  | 3rd |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Norwegian Championships |  |  |  |  | 1st | 1st | 1st |  | 1st | 1st |

## InfoBox

| Oscar Holthe | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1872-09-03)3 September 1872 |
| Died | 28 January 1970(1970-01-28) (aged 97) |
| Figure skating career | |
| Country | Norway |
| Medal record      Representing  Norway  Men's figure skating  European Championships  1898 Trondheim Men  1900 Berlin Men | |


title: Neerja Pandit

abstract: Neerja Pandit is an Indian playback singer in Hindi film and television music and also a live performer. She has also recorded songs for Telugu films.

text:
# Neerja Pandit

**Neerja Pandit** is an Indian playback singer in Hindi film and television music and also a live performer. She has also recorded songs for Telugu films.

## Early life

Pandit obtained a MA degree in music from Chandigarh University and has also studied under musicians such as Shambhunath Sopori, Bhajan Sopori, Shambhu Senji and Dhruba Ghosh.

She married noted filmmaker and social activist Ashoke Pandit in the year 1988.

## Television and film

She has won Rapa Awards for her title songs in major Indian television soaps *Sarhad* and *Tere Mere Sapne*. She has also sung several title numbers for various soaps and sitcoms like Mukkammal (Sahara One), Gul Gulshan Gulfam (DD), Shapath (Zee), Maharaja Ranjit Singh (DD), Noorjehan (DD), Mast Mast Hai Zindagi (Zee), Filmi Chakkar (Zee), Specials@10 – Heroine (Sony) and many more. Neerja has also recorded an album with Venus, a reputed music company – an album consisting of major Bollywood remixes. Her voice has been associated with respected film banners and music directors. She has sung her the guidance of maestro music directors like Lalit Sen, Raju Singh, Nadeem Shravan, M.M. Kreem, Roop Kumar Rathod, Shamir Tandon and so on. She has sung for films like *Yeh Dil*, *Indian Babu*, *Sheen* and *Traffic Signal*.

## Kashmiri folk music

Neerja is associated with Kashmiri folk music. Her albums have always been chartbusters. She has the credit for successful albums like *Cheshma bu Wondai*, *Yaadvotur*, *Patram Pushpam*, *Kashmiri Club Mix* – an attempt to acquaint the new generation with the folklore of Kashmir. Her recent albums *Sangarmaal* and *Ruhaniyat* were major hits during her USA & Canada tour.

To continue with her musical series of nostalgia and the longing for the valley she came up with her most recent Kashmiri folk album called *Kong Vaer* paying a tribute to the musical legends of Kashmir.

She is also coming up with yet another traditional folk album titled *Reshvaer* later this year, which is a collection of soulful Kashmiri folk songs.

## Live performances

Neerja has been regularly performing live all across the globe. Her most outstanding shows have been in Mauritius, Nepal, Dubai, U.K, U.S.A and Canada and all around India. She has performed in live concerts with the likes of Bappi Lahiri, Nadeem-Shravan, Jatin-Latin, Abhijeet and others. She recently performed in shows along with major Bollywood playback singers and a show featuring Amitabh Bachchan.

## Filmography

### Hindi

* Traffic Signal (2007)
* Sheen (2004)
* Indian Babu (2003)
* Yeh Dil (2003)
* Khoobsurat (1999)

### Regional

* Chatrapati- M.M. Kreem (Telugu)
* Piya Piya Bole Jiya (Bhojpuri)
* O ji re Diwana (Rajasthani)
* Mata Rani Bhatiyani (Rajasthani)
* Nakoda Bhairav (Rajasthani)

## Television

* Mukkammal (Sahara One)
* Filmi Chakkar (Zee TV)
* Mast Mast hain Zindagi (Zee TV)
* Tere Mere Sapne (Zee TV)
* Sarhad (Alfa Punjabi)
* Shapath (Zee TV)
* Noorjehan (DD National)
* Gul Gulshan Gulfam (DD National)
* Hanste Khelte (Zee TV)
* Chahat Nafrat (Zee TV)
* Ehsaas (Doordarshan)
* Naagin (Zee TV)
* Specials@10 : Heroine-zindagi ke panno se (Sony)- 12 FILMS
* Maharaja Ranjit Singh (DD National)

## Devotional albums

## InfoBox

| Neerja Pandit | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Neerja Munshi |
| Born | (1966-12-20) 20 December 1966 |
| Genres | Playback Singer, Kashmiri Folk, Sufi |
| Occupation | Singer |
| Years active | 1981–present |


title: Gelidiales

abstract: The Gelidiales is a small order of red algae containing ten genera, and approximately 130–160 species, many of which are used to make agar.

text:
# Gelidiales

The **Gelidiales** is a small order of red algae containing ten genera, and approximately 130–160 species, many of which are used to make agar.

## InfoBox

| Gelidiales | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Gelidium corneum* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| *Clade*: | Archaeplastida |
| Division: | Rhodophyta |
| Class: | Florideophyceae |
| Subclass: | Rhodymeniophycidae |
| Order: | Gelidiales<br>Kylin |
|
| Families | |
|  | |


title: Ice hockey in Calgary

abstract: The history of ice hockey in Calgary extends back well over a century to the first recorded ice hockey game in Alberta in 1893. Imported from eastern Canada, the game's popularity rapidly grew in the city, with teams at every level playing for and capturing Canada's national championships. Calgary is known today as one of Canada's best ice hockey cities with the Calgary Flames and Calgary Hitmen receiving immense support from the city. The Calgary Oval X-Treme is one of the most dominant women's ice hockey teams in the country, while Junior A ice hockey is also well supported with two teams in the city. Calgary is home to the Mac's AAA midget hockey tournament, one of the most prestigious midget hockey tournaments in the world which has seen dozens of future National Hockey League players play in this city before their professional careers began.

text:
# Ice hockey in Calgary

The history of **ice hockey in Calgary** extends back well over a century to the first recorded ice hockey game in Alberta in 1893. Imported from eastern Canada, the game's popularity rapidly grew in the city, with teams at every level playing for and capturing Canada's national championships. Calgary is known today as one of Canada's best ice hockey cities with the Calgary Flames and Calgary Hitmen receiving immense support from the city. The Calgary Oval X-Treme is one of the most dominant women's ice hockey teams in the country, while Junior A ice hockey is also well supported with two teams in the city. Calgary is home to the Mac's AAA midget hockey tournament, one of the most prestigious midget hockey tournaments in the world which has seen dozens of future National Hockey League players play in this city before their professional careers began.

## History

### Early days

The first recorded ice hockey game in Alberta took place in Calgary on January 4, 1893, between two city teams: the *Town Boys* and the *Tailors*. The game was played with seven players aside and the Town Boys won 4-1. Shortly after, the Town Boys met a challenge from a team of North-West Mounted Police officers, losing 4-0 before avenging the defeat in a rematch.

In 1898, the first "Battle of Alberta" took place in Edmonton, as the Edmonton Thistles faced a team made up of members of the Calgary fire brigade. The match turned violent and a brawl saw Calgary's E.D. Marshall lose an eye in a stick swinging incident.

### Calgary Tigers

Major professional ice hockey arrived in the prairies in 1921 with the formation of the Western Canada Hockey League. The **Calgary Tigers** brought five future Hockey Hall of Fame players to the city in Barney Stanley, Red Dutton, Rusty Crawford, Herb Gardiner and Harry Oliver. During the Tigers' six-year run, they captured three regular season titles and two playoff championships. In 1924, the Tigers challenged the National Hockey League's Montreal Canadiens for the Stanley Cup. The Tigers lost, however, in two straight games with scores of 6-1 and 3-0, Howie Morenz scoring a hat-trick in the first game and another goal in the second for the Canadiens. It was nearly 60 years before Calgary again challenged for ice hockey's holy grail. The Tigers ceased operations in 1927, succumbing to the costs of maintaining an all-star lineup. Following the demise of the Tigers, no major professional club would emerge in Calgary until the 1975 arrival of the World Hockey Association.

### Calgary Stampeders

In the year following World War II, the Calgary Stampeders brought home Calgary's first, and only, Allan Cup national senior championship with a four games to one series victory over the Hamilton Tigers. The 1945–46 Stampeders were a powerhouse club, compiling a record of 42-9-5, culminating in a 1-0 victory in the fifth and deciding game against Hamilton, played before a sold-out crowd of over 6,000 at the Edmonton Gardens in Edmonton. The Stampeders won three Western Canada Senior Hockey League titles in the league's six-year run.

After having a new arena built in 1950, the Stampeders turned professional in 1951, spending the next twelve years in the Western Hockey League, which was at the time the top professional circuit in the west. The Stampeders won the 1954 WHL championship in Calgary. The team folded in 1963 after succumbing to the financial pressures of operating in such a widespread league.

## Junior ice hockey

### Alberta Junior Hockey League

Junior ice hockey in Alberta began to take shape in 1963 when the Alberta Junior Hockey League was formed, partially to check the dominance of the Edmonton Oil Kings at the time. The five team loop featured two teams from Calgary - the Calgary Cowboys and Calgary Buffaloes. The Buffaloes were the early powerhouse of the league, winning the AJHL's first two championships in 1964 and 1965. The two teams struggled against the Western Canada Hockey League, however, and in 1965, the Cowboys merged with the Buffaloes before folding altogether in 1969.

The AJHL returned to Calgary in 1971 when the Calgary Canucks was formed. The Canucks was the brainchild of Doug Eastcott, and was created as an outlet to give Calgary area youngsters a place to play without sacrificing their education. Acting as an extension of the Calgary minor hockey association, the Canucks restricted themselves to only three out-of-town players for many years. The Canucks have become one of the most dominant clubs in the AJHL, having won nine AJHL championships, two Doyle Cups and the Centennial Cup in 1995 as Canadian Tier II national champions. Nearly 50 former Canucks have gone on to play in the NHL, including Heatley, Mike Vernon, Jason Smith, Doug Houda and Craig Adams.

In 1978, a second team in Calgary was added as the Calgary Chinooks relocated from Pincher Creek. The team became the Spurs two years later, but never found the same success as the Canucks. In 1990, the Spurs ceased operations; however their assets were purchased by a new ownership group that rebranded the club the Calgary Royals. The Royals captured their single AJHL title in their inaugural season, but have failed to repeat that success.

### Western Hockey League

Three years after the arrival of the AJHL, another league, the Western Canada Junior Hockey League was formed. It was considered a "rebel league" by the Canadian Hockey Association, and thus not permitted to play for the Memorial Cup. The seven team loop featured five teams that defected from the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League along with the Edmonton Oil Kings, and an expansion team for Calgary, the Calgary Buffaloes. The Buffaloes were dismal in the league's inaugural season in 1966–67 season, finishing just 4-47-5. The franchise renamed itself the Calgary Centennials the following year, and had moderate success in the mid-1970s, winning three division titles and reaching the league finals once. It relocated to Billings, Montana in 1977 to become the Billings Bighorns. That franchise continues today as the Tri-City Americans. Future NHLers John Davidson, Bob Nystrom and Mike Rogers played for the Centennials.

The Centennials were immediately replaced by the Calgary Wranglers, who relocated from Winnipeg, Manitoba. Like the Centennials, the Wranglers never became a top team in the league, though they did reach the finals in 1980–81. Declining interest in the team because of the popularity of the Calgary Flames led to the Wranglers moving south to Lethbridge, Alberta in 1987 to become the Lethbridge Hurricanes. Doug Houda, Kelly Kisio, Dana Murzyn and former Flames head coach Jim Playfair are among the former Wranglers who made the NHL.

Despite a long-standing belief that major-junior ice hockey could not compete with the professionals, the WHL again placed a team in Calgary in 1995. The Calgary Hitmen were owned by, among others, Theoren Fleury, Joe Sakic and Bret Hart, after whom the team was named. The Hitmen created an immediate controversy with their logo, featuring a stylized "Jason Voorhees" type mask and distinctive pink and grey jersey colours. Despite its immense popularity, the WHL initially forbade the Hitmen from using the logo, deeming the look too violent, but relented a year later. The Hitmen currently use an updated version of the original logo.

The Hitmen were abysmal in their first two seasons, winning just 33 games combined. The team also faced further controversy when head coach Graham James resigned after being charged with, and later convicted of, sexually abusing two of his players when he was with the Swift Current Broncos. In 1997, the Hitmen were purchased by the Calgary Flames. The team's fortunes improved immediately, as the Hitmen won their division in 1997–98, and the following season, the Hitmen captured the league championship in just their fourth season. The Hitmen advanced all the way to the 1999 Memorial Cup title game before losing in overtime to the host Ottawa 67's 7-6 in a thrilling final.

The Hitmen have not managed to duplicate that success, but in recent years have showcased many good, young players who have helped Canada dominate the World Junior Hockey Championship. Andrew Ladd and Ryan Getzlaf were members of the dominating club that won gold in the 2005 tournament in Grand Forks, North Dakota, while goaltender Justin Pogge led Canada to a surprise defense of their championship in the 2006 tournament in Vancouver. Ladd also became the first Hitmen graduate to win the Stanley Cup, which he did with the Carolina Hurricanes in 2006.

The Hitmen have also become one of the most popular junior teams in Canada, leading the WHL in attendance four consecutive years, including a Canadian Hockey League then-record average of 10,062 in 2004–05, the first junior team to ever average over 10,000 fans per game.

## World Hockey Association

In 1971, a fledgling operation known as the World Hockey Association announced its intention to compete against the NHL as North America's second major league. Among the original franchises announced for the league was the Calgary Broncos, who were to play out of the Stampede Corral and were expected to form a strong rivalry with the Edmonton Oilers. Although the Broncos participated in the first WHA draft, the franchise never played, folding prior to the WHA's inaugural season. Following the demise of the Broncos, the Oilers were renamed the Alberta Oilers, with the intention of splitting their home games between Calgary and Edmonton. Likewise, this plan failed to materialize and 'Alberta' was quickly dropped from the Oilers' name.

In 1975, the WHA finally did arrive in Calgary, as the Vancouver Blazers relocated to the Stampede City to become the Calgary Cowboys. The Cowboys finished the 1975–76 season with a respectable 41-35-4 record, upsetting the Quebec Nordiques in the playoffs before losing to the eventual Avco Cup champion Winnipeg Jets.

The Cowboys second season was the franchise's last, as dismal attendance and a team that missed the playoffs led to the franchise folding following the season. The entire league itself would follow two years later, with four teams merging into the NHL.

## Calgary Flames

In 1980, the National Hockey League finally arrived in Calgary when Nelson Skalbania, a Vancouver-based businessman, got wind of the pending sale of the Atlanta Flames to a group of Calgary-area businessmen. Skalbania intercepted the sale by offering team owner Tom Cousins a 25% increase over his previous asking price of US$12 million and providing an immediate $1 million down payment for the team. The purchase price of US$16 million was the highest ever paid for an NHL team at the time. Relocating the team to Calgary, Skalbania's interest was soon bought out by the "original six" Calgary businessmen (Ralph T. Scurfield, Daryl Seaman, Byron Seaman, Harley Hotchkiss, Norman Green, and Norman Kwong) thus ensuring the future stability of the franchise in Calgary.

The Flames first season in the raucous Stampede Corral was a major success, as the team defeated both the Chicago Black Hawks and Philadelphia Flyers in the playoffs before being defeated themselves by the Minnesota North Stars in the league semi-finals.

In 1981, the Flames traded for Lanny McDonald, then of the Colorado Rockies. McDonald's trademark moustache and his enthusiasm for the game defined the Flames throughout the 1980s. In 1982–83, McDonald battled young superstar Wayne Gretzky for the league goal scoring title for the entire season. McDonald's tally of 66 goals - still a franchise record - fell just five markers short of Gretzky's total of 71.

### Glory years

1986 saw the Flames run to the Stanley Cup finals, capturing the organization's first Campbell Bowl before bowing out to the Montreal Canadiens in five games in the finals. The 1985–86 season is best known for the Flames shocking seven game upset of the powerhouse Oilers in the Smythe Division finals. The series winning goal was scored by Oilers' rookie defenseman Steve Smith \- on his birthday - after he banked the puck into his own net off the skate of goaltender Grant Fuhr. The upset ended the Oilers' hopes of winning a third consecutive Stanley Cup. A decade later, Smith came to play for the Flames, eventually becoming team captain.

In 1989, the Flames captured their first, and only, Stanley Cup, avenging their loss in 1986 by defeating the Canadiens in six games. Despite dominating the league in 1988–89, winning the Presidents' Trophy as regular season champions, Calgary had to survive a major scare at the hands of the Vancouver Canucks, who despite finishing 43 points behind the Flames, took Calgary to overtime in the seventh game in the Smythe Division semifinals. Calgary then went on to defeat the Kings, Blackhawks and the aforementioned Canadiens to capture Lord Stanley's Mug. McDonald, who scored his 500th goal and 1000th point during the season, retired following the season.

### "Decline"

After winning the Cup, the Flames faced a long decline through the 1990s and into the 21st century. Declining fortunes on the ice, escalating salaries, a low Canadian Dollar and management blunders saw the Flames fail to win a single playoff series following their Cup win until 2004, while the team missed the playoffs seven straight years between 1997 and 2003. On January 2, 1992, GM Doug Risebrough completed what is often regarded as one of the most lopsided trades in NHL history. Embroiled in a contract dispute with Doug Gilmour, Risebrough traded the disgruntled star to the Toronto Maple Leafs along with Rick Wamsley, Ric Nattress, Jamie Macoun and Kent Manderville for Gary Leeman, Michel Petit, Jeff Reese, Craig Berube and Alexander Godynyuk. The deal - one of the largest in NHL history - catapulted the formerly inept Maple Leafs into years of being a contender, while hastening the decline of the Flames. Not a single player acquired by the Flames was still with the organization two years later.

### Resurgence

The Flames finally emerged from their post-season drought in 2003–04. Led by coach/GM Darryl Sutter, superstar forward Jarome Iginla and the emerging goaltending star Miikka Kiprusoff, the Flames shocked the ice hockey world by becoming the first team to defeat three division winners *en route* to the Stanley Cup Finals. The defeats of the Vancouver Canucks, Detroit Red Wings and San Jose Sharks turned the Cinderella Flames into national heroes, while the parties on the Red Mile became international news. The Flames fell in the finals to the Tampa Bay Lightning in a hard-fought seven game series; however, the result was not without controversy due to a Martin Gelinas goal late in the third period of game 6. The puck was seen in replay to cross the goal line before being kicked back out by Lightning goaltender Nikolai Khabibulin. The play, which if reviewed may have broken the tie in Calgary's favour, in a game Tampa would later win in overtime to fend off elimination, was not immediately reviewed.

The Flames followed up that season by winning their sixth division championship in 2005–06, but were beaten in the first round of the playoffs by the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim.

## Teams

### Current teams

| Team | League | Founded | Championships | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Calgary Flames** | NHL | 1980 | 1 | Founded in 1972 as the Atlanta Flames |
| **Calgary Wranglers** | AHL | 2022 | 0 | Founded in 1977 as the Maine Mariners |
| **Calgary Hitmen** | WHL | 1995 | 2 |
| **Calgary Canucks** | AJHL | 1972 | 9 | Won Centennial Cup national championship in 1995 |
| **Calgary Dinos** | CIS | ???? | 0 |
| **Mount Royal Cougars** | CIS | ???? | 11 | 11 Championships were won when they were still a part of the ACAC, which ended in 2011 |
| **SAIT Trojans** | ACAC | ???? | 7 |

### Defunct or relocated teams

| Team | League | Existed | Championships | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Calgary Tigers** | WCHL | 1921–27 | 2 |
| **Calgary Stampeders** | Various senior leagues | 1938–51 | ? | Won the 1946 Allan Cup |
| **Calgary Stampeders** | WPHL | 1951–63 | 1 |  |
| **Calgary Broncos** | WHA | 1971 | 0 | Folded before first game |
| **Calgary Cowboys** | WHA | 1975–77 | 0 |
| **Calgary Centennials** | WCHL | 1966–77 | 0 | Known as the *Buffaloes* in 1966-67 |
| **Calgary Wranglers** | WHL | 1977–87 | 0 |
| **Calgary Cowboys (AJHL)** | AJHL | 1963–70 | 2? | Known as the *Buffaloes* from 1963–66 |
| **Calgary Spurs** | AJHL | 1978–90 | 0 | Known as the *Chinooks* from 1978–79 |
| **Calgary Oval X-Treme** | WWHL | 1995–2009 | 6 |
| **Calgary Mustangs** | AJHL | 1990–2019 | 1 |  |

## Footnotes


title: Pogochaetia

abstract: Pogochaetia is a genus of moths in the family Gelechiidae.

text:
# Pogochaetia

***Pogochaetia*** is a genus of moths in the family Gelechiidae.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Pogochaetia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Genus: | ***Pogochaetia***<br>Staudinger, 1880 |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Chaetopogon* Rye, 1881 * *Pogonochaetia* Rye, 1881 | |


title: Possessive antecedent

abstract:
In English grammar, a pronoun has a possessive antecedent if its antecedent appears in the possessive case; for example, in the following sentence, Winston Churchill is a possessive antecedent, serving as it does as the antecedent for the pronoun him:
  - Winston Churchill's history shows him to have been a good writer. In the 1960s, some usage guides started to reject the use of possessive antecedents. These guides argue that a pronoun's antecedent cannot be a noun in a possessive construct; in this case, they contend that Winston Churchill, embedded as it is in the construct Winston Churchill's, cannot serve as the antecedent for the pronoun him. The basis for this contention is that a pronoun's antecedent must be a noun, so that if Winston Churchill's is an adjective, then a pronoun cannot refer back to it. This rule does not reflect ordinary English usage, and it is commonly ignored even by those who have heard of it.

text:
# Possessive antecedent

In English grammar, a pronoun has a **possessive antecedent** if its antecedent (the noun that it refers to) appears in the possessive case; for example, in the following sentence, *Winston Churchill* is a possessive antecedent, serving as it does as the antecedent for the pronoun *him*:

Winston Churchill's history shows him to have been a good writer.

In the 1960s, some usage guides started to reject the use of possessive antecedents. These guides argue that a pronoun's antecedent cannot be a noun in a possessive construct; in this case, they contend that *Winston Churchill*, embedded as it is in the construct *Winston Churchill's*, cannot serve as the antecedent for the pronoun *him*. The basis for this contention is that a pronoun's antecedent must be a noun, so that if *Winston Churchill's* is an adjective, then a pronoun cannot refer back to it. This rule does not reflect ordinary English usage, and it is commonly ignored (intentionally or otherwise) even by those who have heard of it.

1. Nunberg, Geoffrey (2003). "The Bloody Crossroads of Grammar and Politics". *New York Times*. Retrieved April 8, 2018.


title: Mesenteric pseudocyst

abstract: Mesenteric pseudocyst, or pseudomesenteric cyst) is a mass in the abdomen that is devoid of any epithelial lining. They are caused either due to trauma or infection. The term mesenteric pseudocyst was first used by Ros et al in 1987. Mesenteric pseudocysts are very rare, making up only about less than one in 250,000 hospital admissions.

text:
# Mesenteric pseudocyst

**Mesenteric pseudocyst**, or **pseudomesenteric cyst**) is a mass in the abdomen that is devoid of any epithelial lining. They are caused either due to trauma or infection. The term mesenteric pseudocyst was first used by Ros *et al* in 1987. Mesenteric pseudocysts are very rare, making up only about less than one in 250,000 hospital admissions.

## InfoBox

| Mesenteric pseudocyst | |
| --- | --- |
| Other names | Pseudomesenteric cyst |
| Specialty | Dermatology |


title: Pneumonyssoides

abstract: Pneumonyssoides is a monotypic genus of mites belonging to the family Halarachnidae. The only species is Pneumonyssoides caninum. It is one of the most commonly studied species of Halarachnidae found in dogs. They are oval shaped. Adults in this species can measure from 1.5 to 0.6 mm in length. The species is found in North America. They have a world wide distribution.

text:
# Pneumonyssoides

***Pneumonyssoides*** is a monotypic genus of mites belonging to the family Halarachnidae. The only species is ***Pneumonyssoides caninum***. It is one of the most commonly studied species of Halarachnidae found in dogs.

They are oval shaped. Adults in this species can measure from 1.5 to 0.6 mm in length.

The species is found in North America. They have a world wide distribution.

## InfoBox

| *Pneumonyssoides* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Mesostigmata |
| Family: | Halarachnidae |
| Genus: | *Pneumonyssoides*
Fain, 1955 |
| Species: | ***P. caninum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pneumonyssoides caninum***
(Chandler & Ruhe, 1940) | |
|


title: Mary Baldwin University, Main Building

abstract: The Mary Baldwin University, Main Building is a historic building on the Mary Baldwin University campus in Staunton, Virginia. It was built in 1844, and is a Greek Revival style educational building. It consists of a two-story, five bay central section, flanked by three-bay two-story wings with full basement and projecting gable ends. The front facade features a four-bay portico with four Greek Doric order columns supporting a Doric entablature and pediment. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1973.

text:
# Mary Baldwin University, Main Building

The **Mary Baldwin University, Main Building** is a historic building on the Mary Baldwin University campus in Staunton, Virginia. It was built in 1844, and is a Greek Revival style educational building. It consists of a two-story, five bay central section, flanked by three-bay two-story wings with full basement and projecting gable ends. The front facade features a four-bay portico with four Greek Doric order columns supporting a Doric entablature and pediment.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1973.

Hilltop, C. W. Miller House, and Rose Terrace are other NRHP-listed buildings on the campus.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Mary Baldwin College, Main Building | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| Virginia Landmarks Register | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Mary Baldwin University campus, Staunton, Virginia |
| Coordinates | 38°9′4″N 79°4′18″W / 38.15111°N 79.07167°W / 38.15111; -79.07167 |
| Area | 1 acre (0.40 ha) |
| Built | 1844 |
| Architectural style | Greek Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 73002227 |
| VLR No. | 132-0016 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | July 26, 1973 |
| Designated VLR | June 17, 1973 |


title: Naga Phasa

abstract: Naga Phasa is a 1977 Indian Odia film directed by Basant Nayak. The movie stars Shriram Panda, Prashanta Nanda, Malvika Roy,Mohammad Mohsin, Banaja Mohanty and Bijay Mohanty in the leading roles, with Jai and Nari in supporting roles.

text:
# Naga Phasa

***Naga Phasa*** is a 1977 Indian Odia film directed by Basant Nayak. The movie stars Shriram Panda, Prashanta Nanda, Malvika Roy,Mohammad Mohsin, Banaja Mohanty and Bijay Mohanty in the leading roles, with Jai and Nari in supporting roles.

## Music

Mo Kola To Jhulana To Aakhi Mo Aeena Singer(s) : Akshaya Mohanty & Trupti Das Lyricist : Music Director : Akshaya Mohanty

Bada Bedaradi Mo Naali Paan Raja ( Year : 1977 ) Singer(s) : Trupti Das & Geeta Patnaik Lyricist : Rajanikanta Nayak Music Director : Akshaya Mohanty

E Raati Pahiba Kebe E Pathara Kanhi Shesha ( Year : 1977 ) Singer(s) : Trupti Das Lyricist : Akshaya Mohanty Music Director : Akshaya Mohanty

Gaadi Chale Pachhei Debi ( Year : 1977 ) Singer(s) : Akshaya Mohanty & Trupti Das Lyricist : Akshaya Mohanty Music Director : Akshaya Mohanty

Je Dinu Paichhi Mo Priya ( Year : 1977 ) Singer(s) : Akshaya Mohanty & Trupti Das Lyricist : Debadas Chhotaray Music Director : Akshaya Mohanty

Nadi Phere Sagaraku Pakshi Phere Nide ( Year : 1977 ) Singer(s) : Akshaya Mohanty Lyricist : Akshaya Mohanty Music Director : Akshaya Mohanty

Tik Tik Tik Ghanta Chale ( Year : ) Film : Nagaphasa Singer(s) : Akshaya Mohanty Lyricist : Akshaya Mohanty Music Director : Akshaya Mohanty

## InfoBox

| Naga Phasa | |
| --- | --- |
| Movie poster for *Naga Phasa* | |
| Directed by | Basant Nayak |
| Produced by | Brajaraj Movies |
| Starring | Shriram Panda
Prashanta Nanda
Malvika Roy
Banaja Mohanty
Bijay Mohanty
Mohammad Mohsin |
| Music by | Akshya Mohanty |
| Distributed by | Brajaraj Movies |
| Release date | * 5 November 1977 (1977-11-05) |
| Running time | 169 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Odia |


title: Oscar Holter

abstract: Oscar Thomas Holter is a Swedish record producer and songwriter based in the United States. He is best known for his work with record producer and fellow Swede Max Martin and Canadian singer-songwriter the Weeknd on the 2019 single "Blinding Lights", which became the longest-charting Hot 100 song and the #1 greatest song of all time according to the Billboard Hot 100. Holter has written and produced songs with the likes of Katy Perry, Taylor Swift, MARINA, Tove Lo, Charli XCX, DNCE, Hailee Steinfeld, Carly Rae Jepsen, Cher Lloyd, Christina Aguilera, Adam Lambert, and Troye Sivan. He is also a former member of the EBM band Necro Facility.

text:
# Oscar Holter

**Oscar Thomas Holter** (born 26 February 1986) is a Swedish record producer and songwriter based in the United States. He is best known for his work with record producer and fellow Swede Max Martin and Canadian singer-songwriter the Weeknd on the 2019 single "Blinding Lights", which became the longest-charting Hot 100 song and the #1 greatest song of all time according to the *Billboard* Hot 100. Holter has written and produced songs with the likes of Katy Perry, Taylor Swift, MARINA, Tove Lo, Charli XCX, DNCE, Hailee Steinfeld, Carly Rae Jepsen, Cher Lloyd, Christina Aguilera, Adam Lambert, and Troye Sivan. He is also a former member of the EBM band Necro Facility.

## Songwriting and production credits

| Title | Year | Artist(s) | Album | Credits |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| "Pio Konta" | 2009 | Kostas Martakis | *Pio Konta* | Co-writer/Co-producer |
| | | | | "Pote" |
| | | | | "Kano Oti Thes" |
| | | | | "I Agapi Ine Edo" |
| | | | | "Dance on Me" |
| "Love Me Like You Hate Me" | 2010 | Tone Damli | *Cocool* | Co-writer |
| "Lightbringer"
(featuring Necro Facility) | 2011 | Covenant | *Modern Ruin* | Co-writer/Co-producer |
| | "This Time Love Is For Real" | Sanna Nielsen | *I'm in Love* | Co-writer |
| | | | "Take Me Home" |
| "Let There Be Love" | 2012 | | Christina Aguilera | *Lotus* |
| "Free World" | 2013 | Miyavi | *Miyavi* | Co-producer |
| "Alone With Me" | 2014 | Cher Lloyd | *Sorry I'm Late* | Co-writer/Producer |
| | "A Town Called Paradise"
(featuring Zac Barnett) | Tiësto | *A Town Called Paradise* | Co-producer |
| | | "Let's Go"
(featuring Icona Pop) | Co-writer/Co-producer |
| | "Should've Been Us" | 2015 | Tori Kelly | *Unbreakable Smile* |
| | "Evil in The Night" | Adam Lambert | *The Original High* |
| | | "Things I Didn't Say" |
| | "Lies" | Hilary Duff | *Breathe In. Breathe Out.* |
| | "Run Away with Me" | Carly Rae Jepsen | *E-MO-TION* | Co-writer |
| | "Jinx" | | DNCE | *Swaay EP* |
| | "Love Myself" | Hailee Steinfeld | *Haiz* | Co-writer/Co-producer |
| | | "You're Such A" | Co-producer |
| | | "Rock Bottom"
(solo / featuring DNCE) |
| | | "Hell Nos and Headphones" |
| "Just Like Fire" | 2016 | Pink | *Alice Through the Looking Glass: Original Movie Soundtrack* | Co-writer/Co-producer |
| | "Hair Up"
(with Gwen Stefani & Ron Funches) | Justin Timberlake | | *Trolls: Original Movie Soundtrack* |
| | "Fuck Apologies"
(featuring Wiz Khalifa) | JoJo | | *Mad Love* |
| | "Lady Wood" | Tove Lo | | *Lady Wood* |
| | | "True Disaster" | Co-writer/Producer |
| | "Doctor You" | DNCE | *DNCE* | Co-writer/Co-producer |
| | | | "Blown"
(featuring Kent Jones) |
| | | | "Be Mean" |
| "Breathe" | 2017 | Astrid S | *Party's Over* | Co-writer/Producer |
| | "Bon Appétit"
(featuring Migos) | Katy Perry | | *Witness* |
| | "Secrets" | Pink | | *Beautiful Trauma* |
| | "Dancing With Our Hands Tied" | Taylor Swift | *Reputation* | Co-writer/Producer |
| "Bloom" | 2018 | Troye Sivan | *Bloom* | Co-writer/Producer |
| | | | | "Dance to This"
(featuring Ariana Grande) |
| | "1999"
(with Troye Sivan) | Charli XCX | | Charli |
| "Timebomb" | 2019 | Walk the Moon | | Non-album single |
| | "Don't Feel Like Crying" | Sigrid | | *Sucker Punch* |
| | "Enjoy Your Life" | Marina | *Love + Fear* | Co-writer/Co-producer |
| | | "True" | Co-writer |
| | "Blinding Lights" | The Weeknd | *After Hours* | Co-writer/Co-producer |
| | | | "In Your Eyes" | 2020 |
| | | | "Hardest to Love" |
| | | | "Scared to Live" |
| | | | "Save Your Tears" |
| "Cry About It Later" | 2020 | | Katy Perry | *Smile* |
| "Higher Power" | 2021 | | Coldplay | *Music of the Spheres* |
| | | | "Coloratura" |
| | "My Universe" | | Coldplay and BTS |
| | "Take My Breath" | The Weeknd | *Dawn FM* | Co-writer/Co-producer |
| | | | "How Do I Make You Love Me?" |
| | | | "Sacrifice" |
| | | | "Don't Break My Heart" |
| | | | "Less than Zero" |
| | | "Gasoline" | Co-producer |
| | | "Out of Time" |
| | | "Best Friends" |
| | | "Starry Eyes" |
| | | "I Heard You're Married"
(featuring Lil Wayne) |
| | "Good Ones" | Charli XCX | *Crash* | Co-writer/Producer |
| "The Astronaut" | 2022 | | Jin | Non-album single | Additional producer |
| | "Spaceman" |  | *Motordrome (The Dødsdrom Edition)* | Co-writer/Producer |
| | "Change" | | Skip Marley | Non-album single |
| "Over" | 2023 | Chvrches | Non-album single |
| | "Leave Me Slowly" | Lewis Capaldi | *Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent* | Co-writer |

## InfoBox

| Oscar Holter | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Oscar Thomas Holter |
| Born | (1986-02-26) 26 February 1986
Degerfors, Sweden |
| Genres |  |
| Occupations | * Record producer * songwriter |
| Years active | 2005–present |


title: Neerja Modi School

abstract: Neerja Modi School is a private co-educational day boarding school serving kindergarten to 12th grade in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. The school was built in 2001 by Shri Modi Shikshan Sansthan and has campuses spread across Rajasthan. Neerja Modi School represents students from various countries & from all over India. The school hosts inter-school tournaments & teams participate at the district, state, and national levels in chess, squash, lawn tennis, badminton, athletics, basketball, football, archery, cricket, swimming, and table tennis.

text:
# Neerja Modi School

**Neerja Modi School** is a private co-educational day boarding school serving kindergarten to 12th grade in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. The school was built in 2001 by Shri Modi Shikshan Sansthan and has campuses spread across Rajasthan.

Neerja Modi School represents students from various countries & from all over India. The school hosts inter-school tournaments & teams participate at the district, state, and national levels in chess, squash, lawn tennis, badminton, athletics, basketball, football, archery, cricket, swimming, and table tennis.

## Accreditation

Neerja Modi School was established in 2001 and follows the CBSE curriculum. NMS was recognized and authorized by the International Baccalaureate of Geneva in 2012 and offers the IB Program in its Diploma format.

Saurabh Modi is the chairperson of the school. The school is affiliated to the CISCE which conducts its ICSE examinations for Class 10 and ISC examinations for Classes 11 and 12 and the IB, which conducts its IBDP examinations for Classes 11 and 12.

## Academics & System of Education

### Primary School - Nursery to Class 5

The Primary School programme comprises Nursery, Lower and Upper Kindergarten (LKG and UKG) years and classes from Standard I to V. In classes Nursery to V, the school teaches a comprehensive curriculum by drawing on teaching programmes of CBSE. The International wing of the school offers the Cambridge International Primary Programme from classes 1 to 5.

### Middle School - Classes 6 to 8

The Middle School Programme i.e. classes VI to VIII follow the NCERT curriculum. The international wing follows the Cambridge Lower Secondary Programme for classes 6-8.

### Secondary School - Classes 9 & 10

The school offers the All India Secondary School Examination of CBSE and IGCSE Programme for classes IX and X.

### Post-Secondary School - Classes 11 & 12

NMS offers the All India Senior Secondary Certificate Examination of CBSE and the IB Diploma Programme for students of classes XI and XII.

## Facilities

Spread across 20 acres, with expansive green grounds, the school comprises state-of-the-art classrooms, laboratories, landscaped gardens and playgrounds. There are laboratories for Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Computer Science. There are also exclusive activity rooms for Art, Instrumental Music, Vocal Music and Dance. The school houses tennis courts, badminton court, a 400m athletic track, basketball courts, a football field, an archery range, an international standard cricket ground and nets, in addition to a 25-meter lap swimming pool and a table tennis hall.

Every classroom is equipped with display and writing white boards, a public address system, broadband Internet access and air conditioning with student lockers in the corridors. There is school-wide Wi-Fi internet access only for the students of grades 9-12 affiliated with the IGCSE and IB.

The school has multiple Learning Centres with access to reading and audio-visual resources, internet and photocopying/printing facilities.

**Moving Online**

When all educational institutions were shut by the Government of India in March 2020 induced by the global COVID-19 pandemic, Neerja Modi School transitioned to virtual instructions through synchronous learning for all academic and co-curricular activities.

**Student Opportunities**

NMS offers wide-ranging opportunities to students to engage in meaningful co-curricular and leadership experiences. There are 30+ activity clubs and student-led organisations in the school and student participation in the diverse range of clubs such as the Art Appreciation Club, Bio Sciences Club, Chemistry Club, Psychology Club and much more is reflective of the diversity and initiative within the community.

During the pandemic, many of the school’s activities had taken place virtually, including Jaipur Debate, Model United Nations, Research Programmes, Literature Festival, Summer Camps, Annual Club Fair, Community Service projects (Music Concert Fundraiser, and work with local NGOs), Leadership programmes like TEDxYouth@NMS, Student Council and more.

## Awards and recognition

* Ranked No. 1 educational institute in Jaipur, Rajasthan
* Achieved 5th position pan India in annual Education World India School Rankings for 2022-23
* Honoured with prestigious Education World School of Eminence Award 2021-22 for students' holistic & integrated development

## NMS Campuses

* Shipra Path, Mansarovar
* SEZ Road, Kalwara
* Vaishali Nagar Pre School
* Chachiyawas, Ajmer

## InfoBox

| Neerja Modi School | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
|  | |
| Shipra Path, Shanthi Nagar, Mansarovar, Jaipur District
Rajasthan
India | |
| Coordinates | 26°52′06.7″N 75°45′52.5″E / 26.868528°N 75.764583°E / 26.868528; 75.764583 |
| Information | |
| Type | Private school
Boarding school |
| Motto | *knowledge, truth, wisdom, nurtured by values* |
| Established | 2001 |
| Chairman | Mr. Saurabh Modi |
| Principal | Mrs. Indu Dubey |
| Grades | K-12 |
| Enrollment | 5200 + |
| Color(s) | Blue and Red |
| Affiliations | CBSE, IB, CISCE |
| Website | www.nmsindia.org |


title: Plymouth red-bellied turtle

abstract: The Plymouth red-bellied turtle, sometimes called the Plymouth red-bellied cooter, is a disjunct population of northern red-bellied cooter endemic to Massachusetts.

text:
# Plymouth red-bellied turtle

The **Plymouth red-bellied turtle**, sometimes called the **Plymouth red-bellied cooter**, is a disjunct population of northern red-bellied cooter (*Pseudemys rubriventris*) endemic to Massachusetts.

## Taxonomy

Plymouth red-bellied turtles are currently not considered a full subspecies (described as *Pseudemys rubriventris bangsi*), but instead as a population, and that they belong in synonymy under *Pseudemys rubriventris* or the northern red-bellied cooter. Nevertheless, it is well recognized that the Plymouth red-bellied turtle extends the range of the northern red-bellied cooter by 30–40 percent.

## Description

This turtle gets its name from its reddish plastron or undershell. They have flattened or slightly concave vertebral scutes with a red bar on each marginal scute. Their upper shell or carapace ranges from brown to black. An arrow-shaped stripe runs atop head, between the eyes, to their snout. Adults are 10–12.5 inches (25–32 cm). Males have elongated, straight claws on the front feet.

## Distribution and habitat

This species lives in the Plymouth Pinelands of Massachusetts. It spends most of its time in bodies of deep, quickly moving freshwater with muddy bottoms and large amounts of vegetation. It can be found in lakes, ponds, creeks, rivers, streams, and marshes. It was endemic to Plymouth County, Massachusetts before the state began trying to establish populations in other areas. The population was reduced to 200–300 turtles by the 1980s. By 2007, there were estimated to be 400–600 breeding age turtles across 20 ponds, and 2011 within 17 ponds.

## Ecology and behavior

The Plymouth red-bellied turtle often suns itself upon rocks in order to maintain its body temperature; however, if it is frightened while doing so, it will go back into the water. During the wintertime, this turtle hibernates in the mud at the bottoms of rivers.

### Predators

Eggs and young turtles are hunted by skunks, raccoons, birds, and fish.

### Life cycle

In spring and summer, the females nest in sand while the males look for food. Females lay 5–17 eggs at a time. The incubation of the eggs takes 73 to 80 days, and the eggs hatch at around 25 °C (77 °F). Hatchlings are about 32 millimetres (1.3 in) long. Their natural lifespan is 40 to 55 years.

## Conservation

The Plymouth red-bellied turtle is endangered due to overhunting by its natural predator, the striped skunk, and pollution from herbicides dumped into streams and ponds. Loss of habitat, as a result of filling in ponds to create houses is also a major issue. In 1983, Massasoit National Wildlife Refuge was established to help conserve the Plymouth red-bellied turtle. It was the first freshwater turtle in the US to be listed as endangered by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.

* Graham, T.E. *Summary report to Mass. Department of Fish and Wildlife*, December 31, 1984.

## InfoBox

| Plymouth red-bellied turtle | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Plymouth red-bellied turtle on Long Pond in Plymouth, Massachusetts | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Imperiled  (NatureServe) | |
|
Endangered (ESA) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Testudines |
| Suborder: | Cryptodira |
| Superfamily: | Testudinoidea |
| Family: | Emydidae |
| Genus: | *Pseudemys* |
| Species: | *P. rubriventris*
 |
| Population: | **Plymouth red-bellied turtle** |
| Synonyms | |
| *Pseudemys rubriventris* subsp. *bangsi* Babcock, 1937 | |


title: Ice hockey in China

abstract: Ice hockey in the People's Republic of China is a minor sport that is gaining popularity quickly in the country. The history of ice hockey in China dates back to the mid-20th century. The Chinese Ice Hockey Association acts as the governing body for the sport in the country. China has men's, women's, and junior national teams that compete against other national teams. The China national ice hockey teams made major preparations for improvements in order to be competitive for the 2022 Winter Olympics. The Chinese Ice Hockey Championship is an national ice hockey championship that is played annually by amateur teams throughout China. The Chinese Ice Hockey Championship was first held in 1953.

text:
# Ice hockey in China

**Ice hockey in the People's Republic of China** is a minor sport that is gaining popularity quickly in the country. The history of ice hockey in China dates back to the mid-20th century. The Chinese Ice Hockey Association acts as the governing body for the sport in the country. China has men's, women's, and junior national teams that compete against other national teams. The China national ice hockey teams made major preparations for improvements in order to be competitive for the 2022 Winter Olympics.

The Chinese Ice Hockey Championship is an national ice hockey championship that is played annually by amateur teams throughout China. The Chinese Ice Hockey Championship was first held in 1953.

## Professional ice hockey

Founded in 2016, Kunlun Red Star is presently the only professional men's ice hockey team based in China. Based in Beijing, Kunlun Red Star plays in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL), a professional ice hockey league with teams based in Belarus, Kazakhstan, Latvia, and Russia.

Kunlun Red Star also owns a professional women's ice hockey team, Shenzhen KRS Vanke Rays, based in Shenzhen. Established in 2017, KRS Vanke Rays played in the Canadian Women's Hockey League, with teams based in Canada and the United States.

From 2004 to 2017, several men's ice hockey teams based in China played in Asia League Ice Hockey, a professional league made up of teams from Japan, South Korea, and the Russian Far East.

In 2015, Andong Song became the first Chinese-national drafted by a National Hockey League (NHL) team, a men's professional league consisting of teams from Canada, and the United States. Song was drafted by the New York Islanders in the 6th round (172nd overall) in the 2015 NHL Entry Draft.

In 2019, Rudi Ying became the first Chinese-native to score a goal in the KHL. An impending domestic league has been proposed by the Chinese Ice Hockey Association. The league is assumed to consist of eight clubs; four being the Kunlun Red Star, Jilin City Investment, Beijing Shougang and Zhongshang Hokay.

## InfoBox

| Ice hockey in China | |
| --- | --- |
| The Chinese women's ice hockey team huddles before their game against Russia at the 2010 Winter Olympics. | |
| Country | China |
| Governing body | Chinese Ice Hockey Association |
| National team(s) | Men's national team;
Women's national team |
| National competitions | |
| Chinese Ice Hockey Championship | |
| International competitions | |
| IIHF World Championships
Winter Olympics
World Cup | |


title: Poplița

abstract: The Poplița is a right tributary of the river Bâsca in Romania. It discharges into the Bâsca in Comandău. Its length is 9.3 km (5.8 mi) and its basin size is 34.2 km⁲ (13.2 sq mi).

text:
# Poplița

The **Poplița** is a right tributary of the river Bâsca in Romania. It discharges into the Bâsca in Comandău. Its length is 9.3 km (5.8 mi) and its basin size is 34.2 km2 (13.2 sq mi) (including the Ruginosul basin).

## InfoBox

| Poplița | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Romania |
| Counties | Covasna County |
| Villages | Comandău |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | Buzău Mountains Mount Lilișul Covasnei |
| coordinates | 45°49′06″N 26°16′19″E / 45.81833°N 26.27194°E / 45.81833; 26.27194 |
| elevation | 1,215 m (3,986 ft) |
|  | |
| Mouth | Bâsca |
| location | Comandău |
| coordinates | 45°45′19″N 26°16′16″E / 45.75528°N 26.27111°E / 45.75528; 26.27111 |
| elevation | 1,006 m (3,301 ft) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | BâscaBuzăuSiretDanubeBlack Sea |
| Tributaries |  |
| right | Mahoș, Ruginosul |


title: Wardington

abstract: Wardington is a village and civil parish in Oxfordshire, about 4 miles (6.4 km) northeast of Banbury. The village consists of two parts: Wardington and Upper Wardington. The village is on a stream that rises in Upper Wardington and flows north to join the River Cherwell. The parish includes the hamlet of Williamscot, about 1 mile (1.6 km) southwest of Wardington. The parish is bounded to the west and north by the River Cherwell, to the south by a stream that joins the Cherwell, and to the northeast by field boundaries. Its northeastern and southern boundaries also form part of the county boundary with Northamptonshire. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 602.

text:
# Wardington

**Wardington** is a village and civil parish in Oxfordshire, about 4 miles (6.4 km) northeast of Banbury. The village consists of two parts: Wardington and Upper Wardington. The village is on a stream that rises in Upper Wardington and flows north to join the River Cherwell.

The parish includes the hamlet of Williamscot, about 1 mile (1.6 km) southwest of Wardington. The parish is bounded to the west and north by the River Cherwell, to the south by a stream that joins the Cherwell, and to the northeast by field boundaries. Its northeastern and southern boundaries also form part of the county boundary with Northamptonshire. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 602.

## Toponym

A hundred roll from AD 1279 records the toponym as *Wardinton*. Its etymology is Old English but its meaning is uncertain. "Ward" may be derived from a person called Wearda, or it may be from the Old English *wearde* or *wearda* meaning a beacon or cairn. The suffix *-ingtūn* is very common in Old and Middle English but its meaning is disputed.

## Manor

The Domesday Book of 1086 records Wardington as part of the Cropredy manor of Remigius de Fécamp, Bishop of Lincoln.

Between Wardington and Upper Wardington is Wardington Manor house, which dates from the middle of the 16th century or possibly earlier. The house was remodelled in 1665 and twice early in the 20th century. From 1917 Wardington Manor was the seat of Baron Wardington. In 2004 the house was severely damaged by fire but it has since been restored. It is a Grade II\* listed building.

## Church and chapel

### Church of England

The Church of England parish church of Saint Mary Magdalene has a 12th-century chancel and 13th-century nave. In the 14th century new Decorated Gothic windows were added to the chancel. In the 15th century a Perpendicular Gothic clerestory was added to the nave and a west tower was built.

Monuments in the church include two 14th-century tomb recesses and a 14th-century slab with a foliated cross. There is a 15th-century monumental brass to Henry Freebody, who died in 1444. In the south chapel is an 18th-century monument to George Denton, who died in 1757.

The church was restored in 1887 and 1889 under the direction of the Gothic Revival architect Ewan Christian, and again in 1912–14 under the direction of WT Loveday. St Margaret's is a Grade I listed building.

The tower has a ring of six bells. Henry I Bagley of Chacombe cast the oldest in 1669, Henry II Bagley cast the tenor bell in 1682 and Henry II and Matthew I Bagley cast the treble bell in 1685. John Briant of Hertford cast two more of the bells in 1791 and 1795. John Taylor cast the youngest bell in 1841, presumably at his then foundry in Oxford.

St Mary Magdalene parish is now part of the Benefice of Shires' Edge along with those of Claydon, Cropredy, Great Bourton and Mollington.

### Methodist

A congregation of Wesleyans was established in the village by 1815 and had built a chapel by 1827. In 1895 a larger chapel was built in a Gothic Revival style next to the old one, which was sold to the owner of the manor house. The chapel was part of the Methodist Union of 1932, and was still open as part of Banbury Methodist Circuit in 1964. It has since closed and been converted into private homes.

## Social and economic history

In 1469 in the Wars of the Roses the Battle of Edgecote Moor was fought near Wardington. In 1644 in the English Civil War the Battle of Cropredy Bridge was fought across the parishes of Bourton, Cropredy, Prescote and Wardington. The site is now on the Register of Historic Battlefields.

Williamscot House is Elizabethan, built for Walter Calcott in about 1568. A Queene Anne style wing was added in 1704 and extended in Georgian style in 1777. The Elizabethan part of the house is now Grade II\* listed.

From 1574 Wardington was served by the Free School northeast of Williamscot House. The Free School was closed in 1857 but the building survives. By 1833 a school had been established at Wardington itself. This became a National School and acquired its own purpose-built premises in 1845. After 1947 it became a primary school, with children older than 11 being schooled in Banbury. The school was closed in 1991 and is now a private house.

In 1753 Wardington had three public houses: the Green Man, the Hare and Hounds and the Wheatsheaf, also called the White Swan and the White Lion. The Green Man seems to have ceased trading by 1787. In 1966 Upper Wardington had two public houses: the Plough and the Red Lion. Today only the Hare and Hounds remains in business, as the others have been converted into private homes.

In 1900 the Great Central Railway's branch line between Culworth and Banbury was built through the southern edge of Wardington parish. In 1911 the railway opened Chalcombe Road Halt more than a mile south of the village on Wardington Road. British Railways closed the halt in 1956 and the line in 1966.

Wardington Memorial Hall was built in 1920 as a monument to members of the village who were killed serving in the First World War.

## Amenities

Wardington has only one public house, The Hare and Hounds, controlled by Hook Norton Brewery.

Wardington Cricket Club plays in South Northants Cricket League Division four.

## Transport

The A361 road runs through Wardington, with some sharp bends where there has been a number of crashes. Northamptonshire County Council's *Transport Prioritisation Framework* includes plans for an A361 bypass of Wardington, Chipping Warden and Byfield.

Since 2011 Stagecoach in Oxfordshire has operated bus route 200 between Banbury and Daventry via Wardington, running hourly from Mondays to Saturdays. There is no Sunday or bank holiday service.

Until 2011 Geoff Amos Coaches of Eydon had run a Monday to Saturday bus service between Rugby and Banbury via Daventry and Wardington. In April 2011 Northamptonshire County Council reduced its English National Concessionary Travel Scheme payment to bus operators from 53 pence to 38 pence per passenger and Geoff Amos Coaches warned that this would threaten the viability of its bus services. On 4 August 2011 Geoff Amos Coaches announced the withdrawal of its scheduled bus services with effect from 5 August until further notice.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Wardington | |
| --- | --- |
| St Mary Magdalene parish church | |
| WardingtonLocation within Oxfordshire | |
| Area | 11.11 km2 (4.29 sq mi) |
| Population | 602 (parish, including Williamscot) (2011 Census) |
| Density | 54/km2 (140/sq mi) |
| OS grid reference | SP4946 |
| Civil parish | * Wardington |
| District |  |
| Shire county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Banbury |
| Postcode district | OX17 |
| Dialling code | 01295 |
|  | |
| Police | Thames Valley |
| Fire | Oxfordshire |
| Ambulance | South Central |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
| Website | Wardington.net the website of Wardington, Williamscot and Coton |
|


title: Pneumonia severity index

abstract: The pneumonia severity index (PSI) or PORT Score is a clinical prediction rule that medical practitioners can use to calculate the probability of morbidity and mortality among patients with community acquired pneumonia. The PSI/PORT score is often used to predict the need for hospitalization in people with pneumonia. This is consistent with the conclusions stated in the original report that published the PSI/PORT score: "The prediction rule we describe accurately identifies the patients with community-acquired pneumonia who are at low risk for death and other adverse outcomes. This prediction rule may help physicians make more rational decisions about hospitalization for patients with pneumonia." Mortality prediction is similar to that when using CURB-65.

text:
# Pneumonia severity index

The **pneumonia severity index (PSI)** or **PORT Score** is a clinical prediction rule that medical practitioners can use to calculate the probability of morbidity and mortality among patients with community acquired pneumonia.

The PSI/PORT score is often used to predict the need for hospitalization in people with pneumonia. This is consistent with the conclusions stated in the original report that published the PSI/PORT score: "The prediction rule we describe accurately identifies the patients with community-acquired pneumonia who are at low risk for death and other adverse outcomes. This prediction rule may help physicians make more rational decisions about hospitalization for patients with pneumonia."

Mortality prediction is similar to that when using CURB-65.

## Development

The rule uses demographics (whether someone is older, and is male or female), the coexistence of co-morbid illnesses, findings on physical examination and vital signs, and essential laboratory findings. This study demonstrated that patients could be stratified into five risk categories, Risk Classes I-V, and that these classes could be used to predict 30-day survival.

## Usage

The purpose of the PSI is to classify the severity of a patient's pneumonia to determine the amount of resources to be allocated for care. Most commonly, the PSI scoring system has been used to decide whether patients with pneumonia can be treated as outpatients or as (hospitalized) inpatients.

* A **Risk Class I** or **Risk Class II** pneumonia patient can be sent home on oral antibiotics.
* A **Risk Class III** patient, after evaluation of other factors including home environment and follow-up, may either:

* be sent home with oral antibiotics
* be admitted for a short hospital stay with antibiotics and monitoring.
* Patients with **Risk Class IV-V** pneumonia patient should be hospitalized for treatment.

## Algorithm

The PSI Algorithm is detailed below. An online, automated PSI calculator was once available on the US AHRQ website for Personal Digital Assistants that are no longer sold. In 2018 AHRQ presented a new toolkit on the basis of CURB-65, an older counterpart to the PSI. In the 2019 ATS/IDSA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Adults with Community-acquired Pneumonia, PSI was recommended over CURB-65 because of lack of evidence supporting the safety and effectiveness of the latter.

| Step 1: Stratify to Risk Class I vs. Risk Classes II-V | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Presence of: | | |
|  |  | Over 50 years of age | Yes/No |
|  |  | Altered mental status | Yes/No |
|  |  | Pulse ≥125/minute | Yes/No |
|  |  | Respiratory rate \>30/minute | Yes/No |
|  |  | Systolic blood pressure \<90 mm Hg | Yes/No |
|  |  | Temperature \<35 °C or ≥40 °C | Yes/No |
|  | History of: | | |
|  |  | Neoplastic disease | Yes/No |
|  |  | Congestive heart failure | Yes/No |
|  |  | Cerebrovascular disease | Yes/No |
|  |  | Renal disease | Yes/No |
|  |  | Liver disease | Yes/No |
|  |  |  |  |
|  |  | If any "Yes", then proceed to Step 2 |  |
|  |  | If all "No" then assign to **Risk Class I** |  |
|  |  |  |  |
| Step 2: Stratify to Risk Class II vs III vs IV vs V | | | |
|  | Demographics | | Points Assigned |
|  |  | If Male | +Age (yr) |
|  |  | If Female | +Age (yr) − 10 |
|  |  | Nursing home resident | +10 |
|  | Comorbidity | | |
|  |  | Neoplastic disease | +30 |
|  |  | Liver disease | +20 |
|  |  | Congestive heart failure | +10 |
|  |  | Cerebrovascular disease | +10 |
|  |  | Renal disease | +10 |
|  | Physical Exam Findings | | |
|  |  | Altered mental status | +20 |
|  |  | Pulse ≥125/minute | +10 |
|  |  | Respiratory rate \>30/minute | +20 |
|  |  | Systolic blood pressure \<90 mm Hg | +20 |
|  |  | Temperature \<35 °C or ≥40 °C | +15 |
|  | Lab and Radiographic Findings | | |
|  |  | Arterial pH \<7.35 | +30 |
|  |  | Blood urea nitrogen ≥30 mg/dl (9 mmol/liter) | +20 |
|  |  | Sodium \<130 mmol/liter | +20 |
|  |  | Glucose ≥250 mg/dl (14 mmol/liter) | +10 |
|  |  | Hematocrit \<30% | +10 |
|  |  | Partial pressure of arterial O2 \<60mmHg | +10 |
|  |  | Pleural effusion | +10 |
|  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Σ \<70 = **Risk Class II** |  |
|  |  | Σ 71-90 = **Risk Class III** |  |
|  |  | Σ 91-130 = **Risk Class IV** |  |
|  |  | Σ \>130 = **Risk Class V** |  |

## Data source for derivation and validation

The rule was derived then validated with data from 38,000 patients from the MedisGroup Cohort Study for 1989, comprising 1 year of data from 257 hospitals across the US who used the MedisGroup patient outcome tracking software built and serviced by Mediqual Systems (Cardinal Health). One significant caveat to the data source was that patients who were discharged home or transferred from the MedisGroup hospitals could not be followed at the 30-day mark, and were therefore assumed to be "alive" at that time. Further validation was performed with the Pneumonia Patient Outcomes Research Team \[PORT\] (1991) cohort study. This categorization method has been replicated by others and is comparable to the CURB-65 in predicting mortality.

### Derivation and validation data

|  | Medisgroup Study (1989) | | | | PORT Validation Study (1991) Cohort | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Derivation Cohort | | Validation Cohort | | Inpatients | | Outpatients | | All Patients | |
| Risk Class | no. of pts | % died | no. of pts | % died | no. of pts | % died | no. of pts | % died | no. of pts | % died |
| I | 1,372 | 0.4 | 3,034 | 0.1 | 185 | 0.5 | 587 | 0.0 | 772 | 0.1 |
| II (\<70) | 2,412 | 0.7 | 5,778 | 0.6 | 233 | 0.9 | 244 | 0.4 | 477 | 0.6 |
| III (71–90) | 2,632 | 2.8 | 6,790 | 2.8 | 254 | 1.2 | 72 | 0.0 | 326 | 0.9 |
| IV (91–130) | 4,697 | 8.5 | 13,104 | 8.2 | 446 | 9.0 | 40 | 12.5 | 486 | 9.3 |
| V (\>130) | 3,086 | 31.1 | 9,333 | 29.2 | 225 | 27.1 | 1 | 0.0 | 226 | 27.0 |
| Total | **14,199** | 10.2 | **38,039** | 10.6 | **1343** | 8.0 | **944** | 0.6 | **2287** | 5.2 |

Note: % Died refers to 30-day mortality.


title: Oryctini

abstract: Oryctini is a tribe of beetles in the Dynastinae. This tribe perhaps best describes the term "rhinoceros beetles" and includes important pest species in the type genus Oryctes. However, the name may also be applied to genera in the Phileurini and related tribes.

text:
# Oryctini

**Oryctini** is a tribe of beetles in the Dynastinae (family Scarabaeidae).

This tribe perhaps best describes the term "rhinoceros beetles" and includes important pest species in the type genus *Oryctes*. However, the name may also be applied to genera in the Phileurini and related tribes.

## Genera

The following are included by *BioLib*:

1. *Anomacaulus* Fairmaire, 1878
2. *Blabephorus* Fairmaire, 1898
3. *Calypsoryctes* Howden, 1970
4. *Ceratoryctoderus* Arrow, 1908
5. *Coelosis* Hope, 1837
6. *Clyster* Arrow, 1908
7. *Cyphonistes* Burmeister, 1847
8. *Dichodontus* Burmeister, 1847
9. *Dinoryctes* Felsche, 1906
10. *Enema* Hope, 1837
11. *Gibboryctes* Endrödi, 1974
12. *Heterogomphus* Burmeister, 1847
13. *Hispanioryctes* Howden & Endrödy-Younga, 1978
14. *Hoploryctoderus* Prell, 1933
15. *Irazua* Ratcliffe, 2003
16. *Licnostrategus* Prell, 1933
17. *Megaceras* Hope, 1837
18. *Megaceropsis* Dechambre, 1976
19. *Oryctes* Hellwig, 1798
20. *Podischnus* Burmeister, 1847
21. *Scapanes* Burmeister, 1847
22. *Strategus* Kirby, 1828
23. *Talautoclyster* Yamaya, 2001
24. *Tehuacania* Endrödi, 1975
25. *Trichogomphus* Burmeister, 1847
26. *Xenodorus* Brême, 1844
27. *Xyloryctes* Hope, 1837

* Media related to Oryctini at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Oryctini | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Oryctes nasicornis* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Scarabaeidae |
| Subfamily: | Dynastinae |
| Tribe: | Oryctini<br>Mulsant, 1842 |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * Megaceridae HCC Burmeister, 1847 * Megacerini Burmeister, 1847 * Oryctésaires Mulsant, 1842 * Strategidae HCC Burmeister, 1847 * Strategini Burmeister, 1847 | |


title: Neotrafoiopsis

abstract: Neotrafoiopsis is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

text:
# Neotrafoiopsis

***Neotrafoiopsis*** is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

## Distribution

Peru.

## InfoBox

| *Neotrafoiopsis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Tachinidae |
| Subfamily: | Dexiinae |
| Tribe: | Voriini |
| Genus: | *Neotrafoiopsis*
Townsend, 1931 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Neotrafoiopsis andina*
Townsend, 1931 | |


title: Plymouth station (MBTA)

abstract: Plymouth station is a closed MBTA Commuter Rail station in Plymouth, Massachusetts. It served the Plymouth/Kingston Line and was located in the Cordage Park complex of North Plymouth. Plymouth was one terminus of the MBTA's Kingston/Plymouth Line, along with Kingston/Route 3 station in nearby Kingston, Massachusetts. Plymouth station provided non-peak service to Boston's South Station, as well as some peak service, which ran in addition to peak trips to Kingston. Most trains on the line served only Kingston station; service to and ridership from Plymouth were thus very limited. Due to this limited ridership and service, as well as due to the fact that trains had to reverse in and out of the station in order to serve it, Plymouth station was indefinitely closed in April 2021.

text:
# Plymouth station (MBTA)

**Plymouth station** is a closed MBTA Commuter Rail station in Plymouth, Massachusetts. It served the Plymouth/Kingston Line and was located in the Cordage Park complex of North Plymouth. Plymouth was one terminus of the MBTA's Kingston/Plymouth Line, along with Kingston/Route 3 station in nearby Kingston, Massachusetts. Plymouth station provided non-peak service to Boston's South Station, as well as some peak service, which ran in addition to peak trips to Kingston. Most trains on the line served only Kingston station; service to and ridership from Plymouth were thus very limited. Due to this limited ridership and service, as well as due to the fact that trains had to reverse in and out of the station in order to serve it, Plymouth station was indefinitely closed in April 2021.

## History

A previous station was located at Boundary Lane on the Plymouth/Kingston border, just north of the current site. Built as **North Plymouth** in 1873, it was renamed to **Seaside** around 1880 and **Cordage** in January 1925. A new freight house was built in 1881. The station closed with the rest of the Old Colony Division passenger rail service in southeastern Massachusetts on June 30, 1959.

Because Plymouth did not want trains running through upscale residential areas near the downtown area, Plymouth station is located in Cordage Park, a commercial and light industrial park in North Plymouth. The rest of the Plymouth/Kingston Line and the Middleborough/Lakeville Line opened for rush hour service on September 29, 1997. Plymouth, with no rush hour trains, did not open until midday and weekend service began on November 29, 1997. The station was closed from November 3 to December 23, 2010, during tie replacement on the line.

Due to a FY 2013 budget shortfall and claims of low ridership by the MBTA, weekend service to the South Shore (and two other lines) was discontinued in July 2012. MassDOT and the MBTA subsequently received substantial feedback from rail commuters and legislative representatives to reinstate weekend service to those lines. In 2014, funding was reallocated to the FY 2015 state budget (for a trial period) and weekend service resumed on the (formerly) suspended lines on December 27, 2014. Prior to the return of weekend service on the Kingston/Plymouth Line, the MBTA held special weekend service to Plymouth for 2 weekends leading up to the 2014 Thanksgiving holiday. The two trains per day were intended only for tourists going to Plymouth; they did not run on schedules allowing day trips to Boston.

The fork at the end of the line created operational issues - a single train could not serve both terminal stations efficiently. Three daily trips ran to both Kingston and Plymouth sequentially, which doubles travel time from Kingston to Boston during much of the day (Kingston was first on all weekday trips and one weekend trip). Between Kingston and Plymouth, trains simultaneously acted as inbound trains (from the first station to Boston) and outbound trains (from Boston to the second station). Keolis and the MBTA planned to address the unusual routing during schedule changes in late 2015, but did not do so.

The station was indefinitely closed in April 2021 along with four other low-ridership stations. In June 2021, the MBTA indicated that the station would reopen on July 5, 2022 (the start of a new fiscal year). However, due to budget cuts, this service restoration did not occur as planned, with no certain date for resumption of service announced by that time.

Media related to Plymouth station (MBTA) at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Plymouth | |
| --- | --- |
| Looking inbound from the station's single side platform | |
| General information | |
| Location | Loring Boulevard at Cordage Park Circle
Plymouth, Massachusetts |
| Coordinates | 41°58′52″N 70°41′25″W / 41.9812°N 70.6903°W / 41.9812; -70.6903 |
| Line(s) | Plymouth Branch |
| Platforms | 1 side platform |
| Tracks | 1 |
| Connections | GATRA: Freedom Link, Liberty Link |
| Construction | |
| Parking | 96 spaces ($4.00 fee) |
| Bicycle facilities | 8 spaces |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Fare zone | 8 |
| History | |
| Opened | November 29, 1997 |
| Closed | June 30, 1959 (former station)
April 5, 2021 (suspension; modern station) |
| Previous names | North Plymouth (1873–c.1880)
Seaside (c.1880–January 1925)
Cordage (January 1925–June 30, 1959) |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| 2018 | 21 (weekday average boardings) |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  MBTA Following station  Halifaxtoward South Station  Kingston Line  *Terminus* | |
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| Former services   Preceding station New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Following station  Cordage station  Kingstontoward Boston  Boston–Plymouth  PlymouthTerminus  South Shore LineService ended 1938   Plymouth station  Cordagetoward Boston  Boston–Plymouth  *Terminus*  South Shore LineService ended 1938   Darbytoward Middleborough  Plymouth and Middleborough BranchService ended 1927 | |
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