abstract: North West Point Immigration Detention Centre, formerly Christmas Island Immigration Reception and Processing Centre is an Australian immigration detention facility located on Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean. As at 31 December 2023, no people were detained at the centre. The last time it was occupied was August 2023.

text:
# North West Point Immigration Detention Centre

**North West Point Immigration Detention Centre**, formerly **Christmas Island Immigration Reception and Processing Centre** is an Australian immigration detention facility located on Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean.

As at 31 December 2023, no people were detained at the centre. The last time it was occupied was August 2023 (36 detainees).

## History

Temporary facilities for asylum seekers were established on Christmas Island at Phosphate Hill in late 2001. This temporary facility was found inadequate in terms of size, amenity and security. On 12 March 2002, the Australian Government announced the replacement of the existing temporary facility and the construction of a purpose designed and built IRPC on Christmas Island with a capacity of 1200 people. In June 2002, after a tender process, a contractor was appointed to design and construct the facility on a fast track basis.

Due to the reduction in the number of boat arrivals in 2001 and 2002 (boat arrivals had reached the Australian mainland since mid-2001), the Australian Government announced on 19 February 2003 to scale back the proposed 1200 person IRPC to 800 places. The existing construction contract was terminated.

In September 2003, it was decided to proceed with the construction of the centre with accommodation capacity for approximately 800 people; 416 housed in purpose-designed and built accommodation units, and a further 384 in basic contingency accommodation.

### Protests

There have been several protests staged over conditions at the Christmas Island Centre.

In 2011, more than 250 detainees hurled rocks at staff and set fire to the accommodation block, causing a substantial amount of damage. They were subdued by tear gas and bean bag rounds, one of the first times bean bag bullets have been used in Australia. The protest was against the conditions and length of time people are held there.

In early 2014, about 375 detainees went on a hunger strike, seven stitching their lips together as a cry for freedom and a sign of solidarity for Iranian asylum seeker Reza Barati.

Further unrest occurred in 2014 after mothers concerned about the living conditions at Construction Camp for their babies, had a meeting with immigration officials. The mothers were reportedly told "You will never be settled in Australia. You will be going to Nauru or Manus Island and that's the end of the story." Following this message it was reported that the mothers started screaming and threatened to set fire to the camp and were arrested. DIBP confirmed that following this arrest seven individuals made threats of self-harm and four committed self-harm. Ten mothers were placed on "guided supportive and monitoring engagement" under the PSP, requiring 24-hour surveillance by a Serco officer.

On 9 November 2015, a riot began at the centre after the death of an asylum seeker. The man escaped the centre and was found at the bottom of a cliff. Those involved in the rioting included criminals facing deportation. Damage to the centre may be as high as $10 million. Detainees involved were flown to Perth and placed in a maximum security prison.

On 26 August 2014, a class action was filed in the Supreme Court of Victoria by law firm Maurice Blackburn on behalf of a six-year-old girl against the Australian Government, claiming negligence in providing health care for Christmas Island detainees. The girl claims to have developed a dental infection, stammer, separation anxiety and has begun wetting her bed while detained on Christmas Island for over a year. The claim if successful could provide potential redress for over a thousand asylum seekers.

### Closure: October 2018

On 31 October 2017 there were 314 asylum seekers held in the centre.

On 23 November 2017 it was announced that the centre would close "within seven months".

The facility was closed in October 2018.

### Re-opening announced: February 2019

In February 2019, the Morrison government announced plans to re-open the centre, after parliament had passed a bill known as the "Medevac bill" opposed by the Prime Minister and his party, allowing medical professionals to have a greater say in the transfer of sick asylum seekers from Manus and Nauru. Morrison cited the prospect of increased boat arrivals as the reason for re-opening it. The Shire Council president (mayor) of Christmas Island Shire, Gordon Thomson, criticised the move, saying the announcement was "stunning" and "made no practical sense." He told the media that Christmas Island has never provided medical treatment \[to detainees\] and this would have to be carried out on the Australian mainland.

In April 2019, the Morrison government paid for 140 Serco employees to be sent to Christmas Island, despite there being no refugees on the island. The same month, it was revealed the planned re-opening was going to cost $180 million.

In May 2019, it was reported that 20 Sri Lankan asylum seekers were intercepted and brought to Christmas Island where they were held for a few days, and that their claims were denied and they were flown back to Sri Lanka within the month. Gordon Thompson said he had not been informed of this, and criticised the Morrison government, accusing it of secrecy. Home Affairs Minister Peter Dutton denied that any asylum seekers had been detained on Christmas Island, but did say more than 10 boats from Sri Lanka had been turned back before reaching the island. Anthony Albanese, leader of the opposition Labor Party, sought a security brief from the Government on the matter.

On 30 August 2019, a Tamil asylum seeker family were taken by chartered jet from detention in Melbourne, with the intention of returning them to Sri Lanka. A last minute court injunction prevented the removal of the family from Australia, and forced the jet to land in Darwin. The next day, a plane took the family to the Christmas Island detention centre.

### Coronavirus quarantine: February 2020

On 29 January 2020, Prime Minister Scott Morrison announced a plan to evacuate "isolated and vulnerable" Australian citizens from Wuhan and Hubei Province amid the coronavirus pandemic, taking them to the Christmas Island for quarantine for 14 days. On 31 January, medical experts were sent from Australia to prepare the centre as a quarantine facility. On 3 February, about 240 Australian citizens, including 84 children and five infants, were flown out of Wuhan on a Qantas evacuation flight to the Australian mainland and then flown on smaller planes to Christmas Island to spend two weeks at the "repurposed" facility. Another 35 Australians flown out of Wuhan on an Air New Zealand flight were transferred to Christmas Island from Brisbane.

### 2022 riot

In late March 2022, the New Zealand broadcaster Māori Television obtained footage showing bruised and bleeding New Zealand male detainees being zip-tied to furniture in a dining area within the detention centre. Route 501 founder and justice advocate Filipa Payne claimed that the men had been protesting against treatment and conditions at the facility. She also alleged that members of the Emergency Response Team (ERT) had beaten the detainees with steel pipes and batons despite them complying with orders to cease resistance. These New Zealand detainees were facing deportation to New Zealand under the "character test" within Section 501 of the Migration Act 1958. Many of these deportees had lived most of their lives in Australia but had not taken up Australian citizenship.

## Facility

The centre was constructed on a 40 ha (99-acre) site, formerly a phosphate mining lease, at the north-western end of Christmas Island, next to the Christmas Island National Park. The A$208 million centre was built by Baulderstone from January 2005 until August 2007, for the Department of Finance and Administration. It was finally completed in 2008. It consists of eight accommodation units, education and recreation building, tennis courts and central sports area. Central facilities include induction/visiting area, main reception, administration centre, conference centre, kitchen, laundry and stores, medical centre and utilities building. External facilities include warehouse and visitor processing building.

In 2009, the capacity of the centre was increased to 1800 places and in early 2010 to 2040 places. In February 2010, the Federal Government announced to further increase the capacity to between 2200 and 2300 places "within a couple of weeks". In April 2010 there were 2208 people in detention.

In June 2013 a surge of asylum-seekers resulted in the detention facilities exceeding their designed capacity. Regular operating capacity is 1094 people, with a 'contingency capacity' of 2724. After the interception of four boats in six days carrying 350, the Immigration Department said there were 2960 "irregular maritime arrivals" being held.

Serco, a private contractor, manages the operations of immigration detention centres on behalf of the Australian government. Property services are provided by CI Resources, which also operates a phosphate mine on the Island.

10°28′15.95″S 105°34′32.06″E / 10.4710972°S 105.5755722°E / -10.4710972; 105.5755722


title: Nova Vas, Brtonigla

abstract: Nova Vas is a village in the Brtonigla-Verteneglio municipality in Istria County, Croatia. It is connected by the D301 highway.

text:
# Nova Vas, Brtonigla

**Nova Vas** (Italian: **Villanova**, **Villanova del Quieto**) is a village in the Brtonigla-Verteneglio municipality in Istria County, Croatia. It is connected by the D301 highway.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, its population was 366.

## InfoBox

| Nova Vas Villanova | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
|  | |
| Nova Vas | |
| Coordinates: 45°21′43″N 13°38′28″E / 45.36194°N 13.64111°E / 45.36194; 13.64111 | |
| Country | Croatia |
| County | Istria |
| Municipality | Brtonigla |
| Area | |
| Total | 4.5 sq mi (11.7 km2) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 366 |
| Density | 81/sq mi (31/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 52474 Brtonigla |
| Area code | 052 |


title: Northern ronquil

abstract: The northern ronquil is species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Bathymasteridae, the ronquils. This species is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean. This species is the only known member of its genus.

text:
# Northern ronquil

The **northern ronquil** (***Ronquilus jordani***) is species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Bathymasteridae, the ronquils. This species is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean. This species is the only known member of its genus.

## Taxonomy

The stripedfin ronquil was first formally described as *Bathymaster jordani* in 1889 by the American ichthyologist Charles Henry Gilbert with the type locality given as Puget Sound in Washington. When David Starr Jordan and Edwin Chapin Starks proposed the monotypic genus *Ronquilus* they designated this species as its type species. The genus is classified in the family Bathymasteridae which is in the Scorpaeniform suborder Zoarcoidei.

## Etymology

The genus name is an anglicization from the Spanish word *ronco*, *ronquillo* being a diminutive, and which means “one who grunts”, although Jordan and Starks did not mention croaking. The specific name *jordani* honors David Starr Jordan who, with Gilbert, first identified this species in Puget Sound.

## Description

The northern ronquil is a small, cylindrical ichthyoplankton with brown to gray head, and two yellow bands on cheek. The body is gray with dark spots near pale or pale-yellow fins. This species can be distinguished from other members of the Bathymaster family by its cheek scales and the absence of some features in the cephalic lateralis system. This species has a maximum published total length of 20 cm (7.9 in).

## Distribution and habitat

The northern ronquil is found in the northern Pacific Ocean from the eastern Aleutian Islands at Unimak Pass south to southern California, although it seems to be rare off California. Reports from elsewhere in the northern Pacific require to be verified. The adults are primarily benthic (bottom-dwelling) along rocky continental shelf and upper slope waters of the north-eastern Pacific Ocean. However, larvae and juveniles are considered neustonic, and occupy waters closer to the surface. This is thought to be beneficial due to increased growth in the warmer surface water and reduced predation at shallower depth. The life cycle and habitat preference of the Northern ronquil is subject to ongoing research.

## InfoBox

| Northern ronquil | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Scorpaeniformes |
| Family: | Bathymasteridae |
| Genus: | *Ronquilus*
D. S. Jordan & Starks, 1895 |
| Species: | ***R. jordani*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ronquilus jordani***
(C. H. Gilbert, 1889) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Bathymaster jordani* Gilbert, 1889 | |


abstract: The November 2004 San Francisco general elections were held on November 2, 2004, in San Francisco, California. The elections included seven seats to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, four seats to the San Francisco Community College Board, four seats to the San Francisco Board of Education, and fourteen San Francisco ballot measures.

text:
# November 2004 San Francisco general election

The **November 2004 San Francisco general elections** were held on November 2, 2004, in San Francisco, California. The elections included seven seats to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, four seats to the San Francisco Community College Board, four seats to the San Francisco Board of Education, and fourteen San Francisco ballot measures.

## Board of Supervisors

## Propositions

*Note: "City" refers to the San Francisco municipal government.*

### Proposition A

Proposition A would allow the City to issue $200 million in bonds to finance the purchase and maintenance of affordable housing and housing assistance for low- and moderate-income households. This measure required a two-thirds majority to pass.

Proposition A
| Choice | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **No** | **116,706** | **35.80** |
| Yes | 209,259 | 64.20 |
| Required majority | **66.67** | |
| Valid votes | 325,965 | 90.09 |
| Invalid or blank votes | 35,857 | 9.91 |
| **Total votes** | **361,822** | **100.00** |
|
|
|

### Proposition B

Proposition B would allow the City to issue $60 million in bonds to finance the purchase and maintenance of historical resources owned by the City and the San Francisco Unified School District. This measure required a two-thirds majority to pass.

Proposition B
| Choice | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **No** | **134,896** | **42.61** |
| Yes | 181,658 | 57.39 |
| Required majority | **66.67** | |
| Valid votes | 326,554 | 87.49 |
| Invalid or blank votes | 45,268 | 12.51 |
| **Total votes** | **361,822** | **100.00** |
|
|
|

### Proposition C

Proposition C would establish the Health Service System as a separate City department and allow the Health Service Board to appoint and remove the manager for the System.

Proposition C
| Choice | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Yes** | **166,651** | **56.33** |
| No | 129,210 | 43.67 |
| Valid votes | 295,861 | 81.77 |
| Invalid or blank votes | 65,961 | 18.23 |
| **Total votes** | **361,822** | **100.00** |
|
|
|

### Proposition D

Proposition D would change the City Charter regarding the Board of Supervisors by changing deadlines and vote requirements, restrictions on the number of aides, and commissioners' length of service after terms have expired.

Proposition D
| Choice | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **No** | **162,385** | **57.89** |
| Yes | 118,123 | 42.11 |
| Valid votes | 280,508 | 77.52 |
| Invalid or blank votes | 81,314 | 22.47 |
| **Total votes** | **361,822** | **100.00** |
|
|
|

### Proposition E

Proposition E would have the City pay to the survivors of a police officer or firefighter who dies in the line of duty 100% of the retirement benefits entitled to the officer or firefighter.

Proposition E
| Choice | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Yes** | **210,091** | **66.01** |
| No | 108,193 | 33.99 |
| Valid votes | 318,284 | 87.97 |
| Invalid or blank votes | 43,538 | 12.03 |
| **Total votes** | **361,822** | **100.00** |
|
|
|

### Proposition F

Proposition F would allow adult noncitizen parents, guardians, and caregivers with children in the San Francisco Unified School District to vote in San Francisco Board of Education elections.

Proposition F
| Choice | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **No** | **164,924** | **51.45** |
| Yes | 155,643 | 48.55 |
| Valid votes | 320,567 | 88.60 |
| Invalid or blank votes | 41,255 | 11.40 |
| **Total votes** | **361,822** | **100.00** |
|
|
|

### Proposition G

Proposition G would allow the City to authorize the Health Services Board to establish health plans for City residents.

Proposition G
| Choice | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Yes** | **201,674** | **66.81** |
| No | 100,206 | 33.19 |
| Valid votes | 301,880 | 83.43 |
| Invalid or blank votes | 59,942 | 16.57 |
| **Total votes** | **361,822** | **100.00** |
|
|
|

### Proposition H

Proposition H would name the stadium at Candlestick Point as Candlestick Park, effectively forbidding future naming rights contracts for the current stadium.

Proposition H
| Choice | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Yes** | **170,217** | **54.54** |
| No | 141,904 | 45.46 |
| Valid votes | 312,121 | 86.26 |
| Invalid or blank votes | 49,701 | 13.73 |
| **Total votes** | **361,822** | **100.00** |
|
|
|

### Proposition I

Proposition I would create an Office of Economic Analysis, which will analyze proposed legislation and report its impact on the economy, and have the City create a long-term Economic Development Plan.

Proposition I
| Choice | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Yes** | **154,022** | **51.92** |
| No | 142,650 | 48.08 |
| Valid votes | 296,672 | 81.99 |
| Invalid or blank votes | 65,150 | 18.01 |
| **Total votes** | **361,822** | **100.00** |
|
|
|

### Proposition J

Proposition J would increase the sales tax by ¼%.

Proposition J
| Choice | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **No** | **182,477** | **58.11** |
| Yes | 131,529 | 41.89 |
| Valid votes | 314,006 | 86.78 |
| Invalid or blank votes | 47,816 | 13.22 |
| **Total votes** | **361,822** | **100.00** |
|
|
|

### Proposition K

Proposition K would create a temporary 0.1% gross receipts tax and clarify the City's payroll expense tax for certain business entities.

Proposition K
| Choice | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **No** | **162,910** | **54.67** |
| Yes | 135,068 | 45.33 |
| Valid votes | 297,978 | 82.35 |
| Invalid or blank votes | 63,844 | 17.65 |
| **Total votes** | **361,822** | **100.00** |
|
|
|

### Proposition L

Proposition L would set aside 15% of hotel tax surcharge revenues for the acquisition, preservation, and maintenance of neighborhood and single-screen movie theaters and to promote the local film industry.

Proposition L
| Choice | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **No** | **229,487** | **74.59** |
| Yes | 78,157 | 25.41 |
| Valid votes | 307,644 | 85.03 |
| Invalid or blank votes | 54,178 | 14.97 |
| **Total votes** | **361,822** | **100.00** |
|
|
|

### Proposition M

Proposition M would prohibit the razing of buildings containing 20 or more habitable units. This measure was struck from the ballot due to a technicality.

### Proposition N

Proposition N would make it City policy to urge the federal government to withdraw all troops from Iraq.

Proposition N
| Choice | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Yes** | **195,257** | **63.33** |
| No | 133,053 | 36.67 |
| Valid votes | 328,310 | 90.74 |
| Invalid or blank votes | 33,512 | 9.26 |
| **Total votes** | **361,822** | **100.00** |
|
|
|

### Proposition O

Proposition O would make it City policy to use the sales tax funds from Proposition J for low-income residents and the homeless.

Proposition O
| Choice | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Yes** | **181,340** | **59.65** |
| No | 122,644 | 40.35 |
| Valid votes | 303,984 | 84.01 |
| Invalid or blank votes | 57,838 | 15.98 |
| **Total votes** | **361,822** | **100.00** |
|
|
|

## InfoBox

| U.S. President | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |


abstract: The West Indian cricket team toured England from 13 May to 3 September 1995 as part of the 1995 English cricket season. The tour included six Tests and three One Day Internationals. The Test series was drawn 2–2 while the ODI series finished 2–1 to England. The first ODI match of the series was the 1,000th ODI to be played. This was Ray Illingworth's first series in charge as England Team Manager as well as Chairman of Selectors, having sacked Keith Fletcher earlier in the year after the Ashes defeat.

text:
# West Indian cricket team in England in 1995

The **West Indian cricket team** toured **England** from 13 May to 3 September **1995** as part of the 1995 English cricket season. The tour included six Tests and three One Day Internationals. The Test series was drawn 2–2 while the ODI series finished 2–1 to England. The first ODI match of the series was the 1,000th ODI to be played.

This was Ray Illingworth's first series in charge as England Team Manager as well as Chairman of Selectors, having sacked Keith Fletcher earlier in the year after the Ashes defeat.

## Overview

Both sides came into this series with the Australians as their most recent opponents. England's 3–1 defeat in the Ashes series in Australia was considered a real disappointment, and ultimately led to the dismissal of Team Manager Keith Fletcher. Long-serving former captains Graham Gooch and Mike Gatting retired from international cricket after the tour, having had disappointing campaigns.

The West Indians' home defeat by the Australians was a more closely fought affair, with Brian Lara (308 runs at 44) Curtly Ambrose (20 wickets at 21.55) and Courtney Walsh (13 at 19.84) all performing strongly against a touring team shorn of the injured Craig McDermott, but with strong back-up in the form of Glenn McGrath and Paul Reiffel. The defeat became a symbolic point in the exchange of power between the two sides, ending the West Indies' dominance and signalling Australia overtaking them as the leading cricketing nation.

At this point, England had not won a series against the Windies since 1969.

For England, Mike Atherton was retained as captain, though his appointment was only confirmed on the eve of the season, and the One Day International series saw debuts for Lancashire's Peter Martin and Kent's Alan Wells, while the West Indies blooded Ottis Gibson, a fiery all-rounder from Barbados. The early part of the tour was hampered by the weather, with the first ODI going into the reserve day.

West Indian concerns at the start of the summer surrounded the form of captain Richie Richardson, who began the tour with a run of low scores, and a series of injuries to bowlers' backs, allegedly a result of sleeping on soft beds.

## Squads

| Squads | |
| --- | --- |
| England | West Indies |
| Mike Atherton (c) | Richie Richardson (c) |
| Alec Stewart (wk) | Courtney Browne (wk) |
| Steven Rhodes (wk) | Junior Murray (wk) |
| Jack Russell (wk) |  |
| Dominic Cork | Jimmy Adams |
| John Crawley | Curtly Ambrose |
| Phil DeFreitas | Keith Arthurton |
| John Emburey | Kenny Benjamin |
| Neil Fairbrother | Winston Benjamin **(withdrawn)** |
| Angus Fraser | Ian Bishop |
| Jason Gallian | Sherwin Campbell |
| Darren Gough | Shivnarine Chanderpaul |
| Graeme Hick | Rajindra Dhanraj |
| Richard Illingworth | Ottis Gibson |
| Mark Ilott | Carl Hooper |
| Nick Knight | Brian Lara |
| Devon Malcolm | Courtney Walsh |
| Peter Martin | Stuart Williams |
| Mark Ramprakash | Vasbert Drakes **(added 26 June)** |
| Robin Smith |  |
| Graham Thorpe |  |
| Phil Tufnell |  |
| Shaun Udal |  |
| Mike Watkinson |  |
| Alan Wells |  |
| Craig White |  |
| Source:Cricinfo | Source:Cricinfo |
|

## One Day Internationals (ODIs)

England won the Texaco Trophy 2–1.

### 1st ODI

* West Indies won the toss and elected to field.
* *The match was scheduled for one day but extended to two.*
* *West Indies were 76/1 (19.5 overs) at the close of the first day's play.*

### 2nd ODI

* West Indies won the toss and elected to field.
* PJ Martin (ENG) made his ODI debut.

### 3rd ODI

* West Indies won the toss and elected to field.
* AP Wells (ENG) and OD Gibson (WIN) made their ODI debuts.

## Test series – The Wisden Trophy

### 1st Test

The first Test saw the home side opt for five specialist bowlers, but there was no place for Angus Fraser despite his performances down-under in the winter. Instead a début was handed to Peter Martin, who had impressed with a four-wicket haul on his ODI debut, and Devon Malcolm was included on the basis of his extra pace. The West Indians selected their customary battery of four pacemen, Ian Bishop and Kenny Benjamin backing up spearheads Walsh and Ambrose.

Richardson won the toss and invited England to bat, and the main feature of the day was the intermittent rain, which saw the players on and off the field at various intervals all day. Amidst the rain, Atherton and Robin Smith added 52 for the first wicket before Benjamin struck with a ball that moved back in, and the edge carried to the visitors' captain at third slip. Graeme Hick could only add 18 to the score either side of lunch, and although Graham Thorpe provided support to Atherton(81), the captain's dismissal off the last ball of the first day saw England 148/4, needing to solidify to get a defendable score. This wasn't to be, as Bishop (5–32) and Benjamin (4–60) ripped through the middle and lower order in just over an hour on the second morning, and although Hooper fell to Malcolm's first ball in the reply, Sherwin Campbell and Brian Lara took the score to 95/2 at a real canter, Lara's 53 (10 fours) coming from just 55 balls before Richard Illingworth tempted him into coming down the wicket and his attempted drive was nicked to Hick at slip.

Campbell (69) and Jimmy Adams (58) continued the strokeplay, and Arthurton joined them to take the West Indies into a first innings lead, but before the close Adams mistimed a sweep off Hick for Martin to take a good catch and the latter continued Richardson's batting torments, trapping him leg before without scoring. The lower order put in some good efforts, but a collapse from 216/3 to 282 all out was disappointing, and it was left to the bowlers to repeat their first innings performance. Of the England batsmen only Thorpe (61) really found his feet, though he was as lucky as anyone – a mis-timed pull bounced back off the bottom of the stumps without disturbing the bails, and he survived again on the third evening when he was dropped at slip by Keith Arthurton. Despite a moderate wag from the tail that extended the innings from 136/6 to 208, it was still well short of par, and Walsh (4–60) and Ambrose (3–44) deserved the rewards of their efforts, coming out firing. Martin picked up Campbell early in the run chase, but Hooper (73\* in 72 deliveries) and Lara (48 in 40) knocked off the 126 required without any further alarm.

### 2nd Test

The second Test at Lord's proved to be a closer contest. Fraser was recalled to the side in place of Malcolm and Phillip DeFreitas was dropped for the umpteenth time to make way for debutant Dominic Cork. For the West Indies, Ottis Gibson made his Test debut and Benjamin missed out.

Atherton won the toss and elected to bat first, and although the West Indian bowlers made inroads either side of lunch it looked the right decision with Robin Smith (61) and Graham Thorpe (52) taking the score up to 185/3 just after the tea interval. The game then changed around – Smith and Mark Ramprakash were both deceived by Carl Hooper's off-spin and Thorpe and Darren Gough followed soon after, leaving the tail with some work. Cork and Martin added 50 for the eighth wicket, but England were disappointed with a total of 283 all out.

Gough and Fraser struck early in the West Indian first innings to leave the tourists 23/2, but Hooper (40), Jimmy Adams (54), Richardson (49) and Keith Arthurton (75) made significant contributions to a first innings lead of 41. Fraser was easily the pick of the England bowlers, sending down 33 overs during the innings and finishing with deserved figures of 5/66. The home side might have done even better had they held their catches – Arthurton was reprieved when still in single figures.

The second innings saw a superb partnership of 98 from Hick and Smith that solidified a slightly dodgy start that saw Walsh strike under gloomy grey skies. Atherton and Stewart had both been caught down the leg side by Junior Murray, and although Hick took the attack to the tall Jamaican, he had already send Thorpe to the ambulance first ball with a beamer that crashed into the side of his helmet. Hick (67) eventually succumbed to Bishop from around the wicket before bad light called a halt to proceedings on the third day, and Ramprakash was dispatched by the same bowler the next morning, which brought Thorpe back to the crease showing no ill effects from his overnight stay at St Mary's. Both men batted with confidence on a seaming pitch, and added 85 before Thorpe (42) was caught at gully by Richardson off Ambrose. Smith continued his fine form, adding a further 50 with Cork and 30 with Gough, but his dismissal for 90 (11 fours) saw the start of the collapse, and England fell from 320/6 to 336 all out.

By the close, Gough had picked up Hooper's wicket and the visitors needed a further 228 to win on the last day. They had moved on to 99 when Lara fell for 54, taken superbly in front of slip by a diving Stewart to set the ball rolling. Sherwin Campbell played an outstanding innings of 93 to keep the West Indians in the game for a long time, but the tourists were undone at the other end. Cork settled into a good rhythm and kept probing away with both natural away-swing and newly developed inswinger. Adams, Richardson and Arthurton disappeared in quick succession around the lunch break to make the crucial inroads into the middle order. Murray and the tail hung around tenaciously, each taking up valuable time, but after Campbell played uncharacteristically across the line and edged to Stewart, Ambrose and Walsh were quickly dismissed by the debutant, whose figures of 7/43 were well supported by Gough (3/79) and the workhorse Fraser.

The West Indies finished some 73 runs short of their target as England levelled the series, but this was a game that England won, rather than one that the visitors threw away.

### 3rd Test

The third Test at Edgbaston was dominated by the West Indies bowlers who took turns in dismissing the English batsmen, bowling them for 147 in the 1st innings and 89 in the 2nd innings and won by an innings and 64 runs despite setting a mediocre score of 300 and took a 2–1 lead into the fourth Test.

### 4th Test

The fourth Test at Old Trafford was controlled by England where they developed a 221 run lead after the 1st innings. West Indies were bowled out for 314 runs and England won by 6 wickets after chasing a score of just 94. On day 4 of this Test Dominic Cork got a hat-trick by dismissing Richie Richardson (bowled), Junior Murray (lbw) and Carl Hooper (lbw). This was also the occasion where Cork, while batting in England's 1st innings, brushed his stumps with his foot and dislodged a bail. However, there was no appeal from the West Indies, so he replaced the bail and carried on batting.

### 5th Test

### 6th Test

The West Indies score of 692/8 declared is still the highest Test innings that did not feature an individual double-century scored by a batsman.

* *Playfair Cricket Annual*
* *Wisden Cricketers' Almanack* (annual)

## InfoBox

| West Indian cricket team in England in 1995 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |
|  | West Indies | England |
| Dates | 13 May – 3 September 1995 | | |
| Captains | Richie Richardson | Mike Atherton |
| Test series | | | |
| Result | 6-match series drawn 2–2 | | |
| Most runs | Brian Lara (765) | Graham Thorpe (506) |
| Most wickets | Ian Bishop (27) | Dominic Cork (26) |
| Player of the series | Mike Atherton and Brian Lara | | |
| One Day International series | | | |
| Results | England won the 3-match series 2–1 | | |
| Most runs | Brian Lara (120) | Mike Atherton (227) |
| Most wickets | Winston Benjamin (4) | Peter Martin (6) |
| Player of the series | Mike Atherton and Junior Murray | | |


title: Young Thing, Wild Dreams (Rock Me)

abstract: "Young Thing, Wild Dreams" is a song by the band Red Rider, released in 1984 as a single and climbing to No. 71 on the Billboard Hot 100, No. 13 on the Mainstream Rock chart, and No. 44 in Canada.

text:
# Young Thing, Wild Dreams (Rock Me)

"**Young Thing, Wild Dreams (Rock Me)**" is a song by the band Red Rider, released in 1984 as a single and climbing to No. 71 on the Billboard Hot 100, No. 13 on the Mainstream Rock chart, and No. 44 in Canada.

## The song

Written by band leader Tom Cochrane, "Young Thing" was the first single from their 1984 album *Breaking Curfew*. It was released with a video that got some play on MTV.

## Personnel

Additional personnel

## InfoBox

| "Young Thing, Wild Dreams (Rock Me)" | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover of the single | |
| Single by Red Rider | |
| from the album  *Breaking Curfew* | |
| Released | 1984 (1984) (US) |
| Recorded | Metalworks Studios, E.S.P. Studio, Toronto, Ontario |
| Genre | Hard rock |
| Length | 3:32 |
| Label | Capitol |
| Songwriter(s) | Tom Cochrane |
| Producer(s) | Tom Cochrane & Ken Greer |
| Red Rider singles chronology | |
| "Crack the Sky (Breakaway)"
(1983) "**Young Thing, Wild Dreams (Rock Me)**"
(1984) "Breaking Curfew"
(1984) | |


title: Norfolk Trails

abstract: Norfolk County Council manages and promotes a number of long-distance footpaths in the county under the Norfolk Trails brand. The Norfolk Trails network brings together over 1,200 miles of walks, cycle and bridle routes throughout the county of Norfolk. They aim to help people discover the diverse landscape of unique market towns, rich wildlife and cultural heritage which Norfolk is so well known for. It was initially considered a controversial decision within the walking community, as it involved a focusing of the council's resources for Public Rights of Way on these key routes. However, the trails are expanding to encompass a series of popular circular walks and it is the council's aim is to maintain and promote the Norfolk Trail routes to the same standard as the National Trails.

text:
# Norfolk Trails

Norfolk County Council manages and promotes a number of long-distance footpaths in the county under the **Norfolk Trails** brand. The Norfolk Trails network brings together over 1,200 miles of walks, cycle and bridle routes throughout the county of Norfolk. They aim to help people discover the diverse landscape of unique market towns, rich wildlife and cultural heritage which Norfolk is so well known for.

It was initially considered a controversial decision within the walking community, as it involved a focusing of the council's resources for Public Rights of Way on these key routes. However, the trails are expanding to encompass a series of popular circular walks and it is the council's aim is to maintain and promote the Norfolk Trail routes to the same standard as the National Trails.

## The Trails

1. Ramblers’ continued concerns over Norfolk’s public rights of way, *Eastern Daily Press*, 2 September 2012.


title: Lord Howe silvereye

abstract: The Lord Howe silvereye, also known as the Lord Howe white-eye, Lord Howe Island white-eye or, locally, as the "Little Grinnell", is a small bird in the white-eye family, Zosteropidae. It is a subspecies of the silvereye, though sometimes considered a full species. It is endemic to Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea, part of New South Wales, Australia.

text:
# Lord Howe silvereye

The **Lord Howe silvereye** (*Zosterops lateralis tephropleurus*), also known as the **Lord Howe white-eye**, **Lord Howe Island white-eye** or, locally, as the "Little Grinnell", is a small bird in the white-eye family, Zosteropidae. It is a subspecies of the silvereye (*Zosterops lateralis*), though sometimes considered a full species. It is endemic to Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea, part of New South Wales, Australia.

## Description

The Lord Howe silvereye is sometimes treated as a full species. It differs from the nominate subspecies by being more robust, with larger feet and claws, a longer and heavier bill, with much olive-green on flanks, rump and lower back, and with canary yellow under-tail coverts.

## Distribution and habitat

The Lord Howe silvereye is restricted to Lord Howe Island, where it widely distributed through the native subtropical rainforest as well as around homes and gardens.

## Behaviour

### Breeding

The bird builds a small cup-shaped nest of palm fibre, grass and spider webs, in which it lays a clutch of 2-4 small eggs in spring and summer.

### Feeding

The silvereyes glean insects from leaves and flowers, as well as eating small seeds, nectar and fruits, particularly guava and will come into gardens and houses, in which people may feed them mince meat and food scraps.

## Status and conservation

The population of the Lord Howe silvereye has been estimated at 5,000 breeding birds and stable. It is considered Vulnerable because of the restricted size of the population and area of its distribution.

* Garnett, Stephen T.; & Crowley, Gabriel M. (2000). *The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2000*. Environment Australia: Canberra. ISBN 0-642-54683-5
* Hindwood, K.A. (1940). Birds of Lord Howe Island. *Emu* **40**: 1-86.
* Hutton, Ian. (1991). *Birds of Lord Howe Island: Past and Present*. Author: Lord Howe Island.
* Schodde, R.; & Mason, I.J. (1999). *The Directory of Australian Birds: Passerines*. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne. ISBN 0-643-06456-7

* Profile \- Saving NSW threatened species

## InfoBox

| Lord Howe silvereye | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Zosteropidae |
| Genus: | *Zosterops* |
| Species: | *Z. lateralis* |
| Subspecies: | ***Z. l. tephropleurus*** |
| Trinomial name | |
| ***Zosterops lateralis tephropleurus***<br>Gould, 1855 | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Zosterops tephropleura* * *Zosterops tephropleurus* | |


title: Marqués de Riscal Hotel

abstract: The Marqués de Riscal Hotel, also known as the Marqués de Riscal Vineyard Hotel, is a luxury hotel located in the wineries of Bodegas Marqués de Riscal, Elciego, Spain. It is part of The Luxury Collection. The hotel was designed by Frank Gehry using methods previously employed in the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao. It was built by Ferrovial.

text:
# Marqués de Riscal Hotel

The **Marqués de Riscal Hotel**, also known as the **Marqués de Riscal Vineyard Hotel**, is a luxury hotel located in the wineries of Bodegas Marqués de Riscal, Elciego, Spain. It is part of The Luxury Collection. The hotel was designed by Frank Gehry using methods previously employed in the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao. It was built by Ferrovial.

## InfoBox

| Marqués de Riscal Hotel | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Alternative names | Marqués de Riscal Vineyard Hotel |
| Hotel chain | The Luxury Collection |
| General information | |
| Status | Completed |
| Type | Hotel |
| Address | Torrea, 1, 01340 |
| Town or city | Elciego, Rioja Alavesa |
| Country | Spain |
| Coordinates | 42°30′42″N 2°37′05″W / 42.51161°N 2.61801°W / 42.51161; -2.61801 |
| Construction started | May 2003 |
| Completed | 2006 |
| Height | 25 m (82 ft) |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 4 |
| Floor area | 3,200 m2 (34,000 sq ft) |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Frank Gehry |
| Other information | |
| Number of rooms | 43 |
| Number of restaurants | 3 |


title: Mysis salemaai

abstract: Mysis salemaai is a shrimp-like crustacean in the Mysida order, inhabiting lakes of Ireland and South Scandinavia and brackish waters of the northern Baltic Sea.

text:
# Mysis salemaai

***Mysis salemaai*** is a shrimp-like crustacean in the Mysida order, inhabiting lakes of Ireland and South Scandinavia and brackish waters of the northern Baltic Sea.

## Appearance

*Mysis salemaai* is a transparent shrimp-like crustacean, of less than 2.5 centimetres (0.98 in) length. It has two pairs of relatively long antennae, associated with rounded antennal plates; large, stalked compound eyes; the thorax covered by a coat-like carapace; a muscular, cylindrical abdomen; and a tail fan featuring a telson with a V-shaped terminal cleft. Reproducing females bear a prominent brood pouch (marsupium) between their legs. *Mysis* are often called opossum shrimp.

## Distribution

*Mysis salemaai* is a North European species which lives both in fresh and brackish waters. It is found in ten lakes on the island of Ireland, including Lough Neagh, Lough Erne, Lough Corrib and Lough Ree. It is also found in several lakes of Southern Scandinavia, including Fureso in Denmark and the large lakes Vänern and Vättern in Sweden, and also in the Republic of Karelia. *Mysis salemaai* is also common in the Baltic Sea, where it lives in offshore waters of the diluted northern parts of the basin.

Previously *M. salemaai* was confused with *Mysis relicta*, which is a morphologically similar sibling species. The distributions of the two species overlap in the Baltic Sea and some lakes of Sweden, but *M. relicta* is not found in Ireland.

## Habitat

*M. salemaai* is a benthopelagic species, which in the nighttime performs vertical migration towards the surface.

## InfoBox

| *Mysis salemaai* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Malacostraca |
| Order: | Mysida |
| Family: | Mysidae |
| Genus: | *Mysis* |
| Species: | ***M. salemaai*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mysis salemaai***<br>Audzijonytė & Väinölä, 2005 | |
|


title: OBG Ltd v Allan

abstract: OBG Ltd v Allan [2007] UKHL 21 was a combined appeal heard with Douglas v Hello! Ltd and Mainstream Properties Ltd v Young in the House of Lords, which stands as the leading case on economic torts in English law.

text:
# OBG Ltd v Allan

***OBG Ltd v Allan*** \[2007\] UKHL 21 was a combined appeal heard with *Douglas v Hello! Ltd* and *Mainstream Properties Ltd v Young* in the House of Lords, which stands as the leading case on economic torts in English law.

## Facts

Lord Hoffmann in his judgment summarised the facts in the three linked cases:

> In *OBG Ltd v Allan* \[2005\] QB 762 the defendants were receivers purportedly appointed under a floating charge which is admitted to have been invalid. Acting in good faith, they took control of the claimant company's assets and undertaking. The claimant says that this was not only a trespass to its land and a conversion of its chattels but also the tort of unlawful interference with its contractual relations. It claims that the defendants are liable in damages for the value of the assets and undertaking, including the value of the contractual claims, as at the date of their appointment. Alternatively, it says the defendants are liable for the same damages in conversion.
>
> In *Douglas v Hello! Ltd* \[2006\] QB 125 the magazine *OK!* contracted for the exclusive right to publish photographs of a celebrity wedding at which all other photography would be forbidden. The rival magazine Hello! published photographs which it knew to have been surreptitiously taken by an unauthorised photographer pretending to be a waiter or guest. OK! says that this was interference by unlawful means with its contractual or business relations or a breach of its equitable right to confidentiality in photographic images of the wedding.
>
> In *Mainstream Properties Ltd v Young* \[2005\] IRLR 964 two employees of a property company, in breach of their contracts, diverted a development opportunity to a joint venture in which they were interested. The defendant, knowing of their duties but wrongly thinking that they would not be in breach, facilitated the acquisition by providing finance. The company says that he is liable for the tort of wrongfully inducing breach of contract.

## Judgment

Elaborating on the general principle that an agent cannot be sued for interfering with contractual relationships between a principal and another contracting party, Lord Hoffmann held that invalidly appointed receivers were not liable to the company for wrongful interference with contractual relations. Such a receiver acting in good faith employs no unlawful means and intends to cause no loss. Intangible property cannot be the subject of a claim for conversion.

On the tort of inducing or procuring breach of contract, there are five requirements: (1) there must be a contract (2) the contract must be breached (3) the defendant's conduct must have procured or induced the breach (4) the defendant must have known about the breached term or turned a blind eye to it, and (5) the defendant must have actually realised that the conduct procuring the breach would have that result.

The judgment was welcomed as providing "much needed clarity" in the field of economic torts, establishing that there is no single unified legal theory and the tort of inducing a breach of contract should be treated separately from the tort of causing loss by unlawful means. Hoffman J. argued that the unified theory had been "a source of confusion in more than one respect".

## InfoBox

| OBG Ltd v Allan | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Court | House of Lords |
| Decided | 2 May 2007 (2007-05-02) |
| Citations | * \[2007\] UKHL 21 * \[2008\] 1 AC 1 * \[2007\] 2 WLR 920 * \[2007\] 4 All ER 545 * \[2008\] 1 All ER (Comm) 1 * \[2008\] 1 LRC 279 * \[2007\] IRLR 608 |
| Case history | |
| Prior actions | *OBG Ltd & Anor v Allan & Ors* \[2005\] EWCA Civ 106, \[2005\] 2 WLR 1174; \[2005\] QB 762 (9 February 2005) |
| Court membership | |
| Judges sitting | * Lord Hoffmann * Lord Nicholls * Lord Walker * Baroness Hale * Lord Brown |
| Keywords | |
| * Economic tort * Interference with a contract | |


abstract: The Obusier de 15 cm Tir Rapide Schneider-Canet-du-Bocage was a self-contained motorized howitzer system built by the French arms company Schneider-Creusot before the First World War for Portugal. The Schneider-Canet-du-Bocage howitzers are believed to be the first purpose-built motorized artillery system in the world.

text:
# Obusier de 15 cm TR Schneider-Canet-du-Bocage

The **Obusier de 15 cm Tir Rapide Schneider-Canet-du-Bocage** was a self-contained motorized howitzer system built by the French arms company Schneider-Creusot before the First World War for Portugal. The Schneider-Canet-du-Bocage howitzers are believed to be the first purpose-built motorized artillery system in the world.

## Background

Although the majority of combatants had heavy field artillery before the outbreak of the First World War, none had adequate numbers of heavy guns in service, nor had they foreseen the growing importance of heavy artillery once the Western Front stagnated and trench warfare set in. Since aircraft of the period were not yet capable of carrying large-diameter bombs the burden of delivering heavy firepower fell on the artillery.

Large-caliber field guns often required extensive site preparation because the guns had to be broken down into multiple loads light enough to be towed by a horse team (max 8, ideally even 6) or the few traction engines of the time and then reassembled before use. Building a new gun could address the problem of disassembling, transporting, and reassembling a large gun, but it didn't necessarily address how to convert existing heavy weapons to make them more mobile. While rail transport proved to be the most efficient solution to moving large guns and their supplies road transport would be more flexible and able to operate in areas without fixed defenses or unsuitable for rail lines. Motorized road transport was a practical solution because the problems of heavy weight, lack of mobility, and reduced setup time were addressed.

## History

In 1897 to increase their market share the *Establishments Schneider du Creusot* acquired the *Ateliers d'Artillerie du Havre* from shipbuilding company Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée*.* As part of that purchase the engineer, Gustave Canet was added to Schneider et Compagnie's design team. Canet had by that time already designed many artillery systems and the guns from his Le Havre workshops were referred to as 'Schneider-Canet' guns for years after.

The concept for the Obusier de 15 cm TR Schneider-Canet-du-Bocage came from a Portuguese engineer Colonel Carlos Roma du Bocage who published a groundbreaking report called the *Baterias moveis. Sua influencia na fortificaçao* (The influence of mobile batteries on fortifications). In his report, du Bocage advocated a mobile defense strategy for Lisbon based on quick reaction forces with mobile self-contained howitzer batteries. At roughly the same time French Lieutenant Colonel Christophe Peigné began working on a proposal to mount artillery on rail carriages for use at the forts of Verdun, Toul, Épinal, and Belfort. Both Peigné and du Bocage were assisted by the Schneider engineer Gustave Canet. Unlike the du Bocage system the Peigné-Canet-Schneider mle 1897 gun carriage ran on narrow gauge rails installed at French forts.

By motorizing his howitzer batteries du Bocage was trying to solve several technical problems such as 1) Fixed fortifications are expensive to build, man, and maintain. An enemy isn't obligated to attack your fortifications and fortifications can't be built to protect everything. 2) If the guns of your forts face the wrong direction an enemy could attack from an unexpected direction where defenses were weaker. 3) Lacking mobility more guns would be needed to defend likely avenues of attack which would be wasteful because some guns would be engaged while others wouldn't. 4) Setup time for the guns would be reduced because the entire battery and their supplies would be transported assembled. 5) If the forts were overrun there wasn't a good way to evacuate the guns and they would be lost to the enemy. 6) Although rail transport was the most efficient form of transport available for both the guns and their supplies rail lines couldn't be laid everywhere to defend from an attack. Road transport could utilize existing road infrastructure and go where no fortifications or rail lines existed.

By choosing an internal combustion engine instead of a steam-powered artillery tractor du Bocage was attempting to solve several technical problems such as 1) Since steam engines create a lot of heat and sometimes give off sparks from their stacks it was reasoned a gasoline engine would be safer for transporting ammunition. 2) It was reasoned that a gas engine started faster and didn't need to wait to raise steam. 3) Since there weren't rail lines everywhere it was reasoned that there wouldn't be a source of coal nearby or the water needed for a steam engine. 4) Since steam engines create a plume of smoke and steam during the day it was reasoned a gasoline engine would be less visible. It was also reasoned that a gas engine could operate at night without giving off a visible glow or sparks at night. 5) It was reasoned that a gas engine was easier to operate than a steam engine and gun crew members could double as drivers.

## Design

The Obusier de 15 cm TR Schneider-Canet-du-Bocage was a breech-loaded built-up gun made of steel with an interrupted screw breech, box trail carriage, no gun shield, two wooden-spoked steel-rimmed wheels, and hydro-pneumatic recoil mechanism that fired separate loading cased charges and ammunition. The howitzers were capable of -5° to +45° of elevation as well as 2° of traverse. Traverse was controlled by shifting the gun from side to side on the axle of the carriage. The howitzers were conventional for their time and similar horse-drawn Schneider-Canet 15 cm (5.9 in) L/12 howitzers were already in service with Bulgaria.

The carriages of the howitzers were modified for motor traction by mounting a hitch on each gun so they could be joined together nose to tail for transport. Each battery numbered four guns and their artillery tractor. Each gun had a caisson but instead of hooking the caissons to the guns as they would be for horse traction they were joined together from nose to tail and towed by their tractor. A drawback of the du Bocage system was its convoy weighed 26 tons which meant it was restricted to good quality roads, in good weather, with bridges capable of supporting its weight. The 4-ton 12 hp tractors could tow the convoy at 5–6 km/h (3.1–3.7 mph) over good roads in good weather dropping to 2–3 km/h (1.2–1.9 mph) in bad weather. If the convoy needed to cross gradients steeper than +12° or there was soft ground the tractor could unhook from its carriages and it could move forward alone. The tractor could then be anchored and use a powerful winch to drag its carriages forward.

After examining the preliminary drafts, the Portuguese Minister of War with the agreement of the Fortifications Commission decided to build a battery of 4 howitzers. The battery was ordered in January 1903 from Schneider and was completed in November of the same year. The flatbed tractors were designed by the French engineer Eugène Brillié who later designed the Schneider CA1 tank. The tractors were built by *Société nancéienne d'automobiles* and were based on a dump truck design used for mining and the tractor could carry 60 complete rounds (shell+propellant) on its flatbed. During testing, the tractors were shown to be capable of traveling 300 km (190 mi) with their carriages and 400 km (250 mi) without. The fuel consumption did not exceed 1/2 liter of gasoline or alcohol per horsepower-hour.

## Portuguese service

There may have only been one Schneider-Canet-du-Bocage howitzer battery in Portuguese service and it's unlikely that battery was used during World War I. An example of the howitzer can be found at the *Museu Militar* in Lisbon.

## InfoBox

| Obusier de 15 cm TR Schneider-Canet-du-Bocage | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | Howitzer |
| Place of origin | France |
| Service history | |
| Used by | Portugal |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Concept: Colonel Carlos Roma du Bocage
Howitzer: Gustave Canet
Tractor: Eugène Brillié |
| Designed | 1903 |
| Manufacturer | Schneider-Creusot |
| No. built | 4 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | Entire battery: 26 t (26 long tons; 29 short tons)
Howitzer: 3,335 kg (7,352 lb)
Howitzer+Caisson: 8,200 kg (18,100 lb) |
| Length | 3.8 m (12 ft 6 in) |
| Barrel length | 2.1 m (6 ft 11 in) L/14 |
| Height | 1.6 m (5 ft 3 in) |
| --- | |
| Shell | Separate loading cased charge and projectile |
| Shell weight | 40 kg (88 lb) |
| Caliber | 15 cm (5.9 in) |
| Breech | Interrupted screw |
| Recoil | Hydro-pneumatic |
| Carriage | Box trail |
| Elevation | -5° to +45° |
| Traverse |  |
| Muzzle velocity | 360 m/s (1,200 ft/s) |
| Maximum firing range | 8.2 km (5.1 mi) |


title: Oberwinkleria

abstract: Oberwinkleria is a fungal genus in the family Tilletiaceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single rust species Oberwinkleria anulata, found in Venezuela growing on the grass Ortachne erectifolia. The generic name honors German mycologist Franz Oberwinkler.

text:
# Oberwinkleria

***Oberwinkleria*** is a fungal genus in the family Tilletiaceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single rust species ***Oberwinkleria anulata***, found in Venezuela growing on the grass *Ortachne erectifolia*. The generic name honors German mycologist Franz Oberwinkler.

## InfoBox

| *Oberwinkleria* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Exobasidiomycetes |
| Order: | Tilletiales |
| Family: | Tilletiaceae |
| Genus: | ***Oberwinkleria***
Vánky & R.Bauer (1995) |
|
| Type species | |
| ***Oberwinkleria anulata***
Vánky & C.Vánky (1995) | |


title: Oberwil, Basel-Landschaft

abstract: Oberwil is a municipality in the district of Arlesheim in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.

text:
# Oberwil, Basel-Landschaft

**Oberwil** (German pronunciation: \[ˈoːbɐˌviːl\]) is a municipality in the district of Arlesheim in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.

## History

Oberwil is first mentioned around 11021103 as *Oberuuilre*.

## Geography

Oberwil has an area, as of 2009, of 7.88 square kilometers (3.04 sq mi). Of this area, 3.47 km2 (1.34 sq mi) or 44.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 1.54 km2 (0.59 sq mi) or 19.5% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 2.82 km2 (1.09 sq mi) or 35.8% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.03 km2 (7.4 acres) or 0.4% is either rivers or lakes and 0.02 km2 (4.9 acres) or 0.3% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 1.6% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 21.7% and transportation infrastructure made up 7.4%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 1.8% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 3.3%. Out of the forested land, 17.8% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.8% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 33.0% is used for growing crops and 8.0% is pastures, while 3.0% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

The municipality is located in the Arlesheim district, in the middle Leimen valley.

## Coat of arms

The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is *Gules, a Pallet wavy Argent, in dexter a Sword and in sinister a Key of the same.*

## Demographics

Oberwil has a population (as of June 2021) of 11,167. As of 2008, 18.2% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 11.6%.

Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (8,184 or 87.4%), with English being second most common (233 or 2.5%) and French being third (191 or 2.0%). There are 7 people who speak Romansh.

As of 2008, the gender distribution of the population was 48.7% male and 51.3% female. The population was made up of 8,466 Swiss citizens (81.2% of the population), and 1,961 non-Swiss residents (18.8%) Of the population in the municipality 1,727 or about 18.4% were born in Oberwil and lived there in 2000. There were 1,457 or 15.6% who were born in the same canton, while 3,916 or 41.8% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 1,954 or 20.9% were born outside of Switzerland.

In 2008 there were 77 live births to Swiss citizens and 15 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 53 deaths of Swiss citizens and 2 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 24 while the foreign population increased by 13. There were 6 Swiss men who immigrated back to Switzerland and 1 Swiss woman who emigrated from Switzerland. At the same time, there were 36 non-Swiss men and 52 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was a decrease of 96 and the non-Swiss population change was an increase of 125 people. This represents a population growth rate of 0.3%.

The age distribution, as of 2010, in Oberwil is; 705 children or 6.8% of the population are between 0 and 6 years old and 1,409 teenagers or 13.5% are between 7 and 19. Of the adult population, 966 people or 9.3% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 1,294 people or 12.4% are between 30 and 39, 1,849 people or 17.7% are between 40 and 49, and 2,130 people or 20.4% are between 50 and 64. The senior population distribution is 1,563 people or 15.0% of the population are between 65 and 79 years old and there are 511 people or 4.9% who are over 80.

As of 2000, there were 3,488 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 4,857 married individuals, 484 widows or widowers and 534 individuals who are divorced.

As of 2000, there were 4,067 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.2 persons per household. There were 1,240 households that consist of only one person and 198 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 4,118 households that answered this question, 30.1% were households made up of just one person and 21 were adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 1,412 married couples without children, 1,134 married couples with children There were 214 single parents with a child or children. There were 46 households that were made up unrelated people and 51 households that were made some sort of institution or another collective housing.

In 2000 there were 1,630 single family homes (or 73.0% of the total) out of a total of 2,233 inhabited buildings. There were 397 multi-family buildings (17.8%), along with 135 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (6.0%) and 71 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (3.2%). Of the single family homes 99 were built before 1919, while 212 were built between 1990 and 2000. The greatest number of single family homes (445) were built between 1971 and 1980.

In 2000 there were 4,418 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 4 rooms of which there were 1,329. There were 132 single room apartments and 1,466 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 4,008 apartments (90.7% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 249 apartments (5.6%) were seasonally occupied and 161 apartments (3.6%) were empty. As of 2007, the construction rate of new housing units was 2.7 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2008, was 0.38%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

## Politics

In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the SP which received 26.3% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (24.42%) the FDP (19.11%), and the CVP (10.32%). In the federal election, a total of 3,498 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 48.5%.

## Economy

As of  2007, Oberwil had an unemployment rate of 2.39%. As of 2005, there were 171 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 23 businesses involved in this sector. 332 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 72 businesses in this sector. 2,296 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 346 businesses in this sector. There were 4,704 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 43.9% of the workforce.

In 2008 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 2,377. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 47, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 332, of which 130 or (39.2%) were in manufacturing and 202 (60.8%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 1,998. In the tertiary sector; 580 or 29.0% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 265 or 13.3% were in the movement and storage of goods, 76 or 3.8% were in a hotel or restaurant, 61 or 3.1% were in the information industry, 57 or 2.9% were the insurance or financial industry, 177 or 8.9% were technical professionals or scientists, 194 or 9.7% were in education and 268 or 13.4% were in health care.

In 2000, there were 2,363 workers who commuted into the municipality and 3,706 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.6 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 14.5% of the workforce coming into Oberwil are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.4% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work. Of the working population, 31.2% used public transportation to get to work, and 40.6% used a private car.

## Religion

From the 2000 census, 3,206 or 34.2% were Roman Catholic, while 3,396 or 36.3% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 125 members of an Orthodox church (or about 1.34% of the population), there were 38 individuals (or about 0.41% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 213 individuals (or about 2.27% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 12 individuals (or about 0.13% of the population) who were Jewish, and 312 (or about 3.33% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 33 individuals who were Buddhist, 41 individuals who were Hindu and 12 individuals who belonged to another church. 1,673 (or about 17.87% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 302 individuals (or about 3.23% of the population) did not answer the question.

## Education

In Oberwil about 3,810 or (40.7%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 1,984 or (21.2%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a *Fachhochschule*). Of the 1,984 who completed tertiary schooling, 56.1% were Swiss men, 26.2% were Swiss women, 10.2% were non-Swiss men and 7.5% were non-Swiss women. As of 2000, there were 765 students in Oberwil who came from another municipality, while 346 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

## Notable residents

* John Mills (1848 – 1935 at Oberwil) an English cricketer who played in one first-class cricket match in 1870
* Dario Zuffi (born 1964) former FC Basel player, used to live in Oberwil
* Roger Federer (born 1981) current world number one tennis player, moved to Wollerau, Schwyz in March 2008

## InfoBox

| Oberwil | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Oberwil | |
| OberwilOberwil | |
| Coordinates: 47°31′N 7°33′E / 47.517°N 7.550°E / 47.517; 7.550 | |
| Country | Switzerland |
| Canton | Basel-Landschaft |
| District | Arlesheim |
| Area | |
| Total | 7.88 km2 (3.04 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 316 m (1,037 ft) |
| Population (31 December 2018) | |
| Total | 11,136 |
| Density | 1,400/km2 (3,700/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (Central European Time) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (Central European Summer Time) |
| Postal code(s) | 4104 |
| SFOS number | 2771 |
| ISO 3166 code | CH-BL |
| Surrounded by | Allschwil, Biel-Benken, Binningen, Bottmingen, Neuwiller (FR-68), Reinach, Therwil |
| Twin towns | Aschau im Zillertal (Austria) |
| Website | www.oberwil.ch
SFSO statistics |


title: Oberwil im Simmental

abstract: Oberwil im Simmental is a municipality in the Frutigen-Niedersimmental administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

text:
# Oberwil im Simmental

**Oberwil im Simmental** is a municipality in the Frutigen-Niedersimmental administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## History

Oberwil is first mentioned in 1278 as *Oberwile*.

During the Paleolithic era (20,000-10,000 BC) humans lived in several caves above the valley floor during the summer. The caves, Schnurenloch, Mamilchloch, Zwergliloch and Chniechälebalm, contained about 5,000 bones from the now extinct cave bear which the inhabitants had butchered. While no human remains were discovered, a number of stone tools were found. Today the tools and bones are at the Historical Museum of Bern while the caves can be visited with tour groups. These caves and other nearby rock shelters continued to be used through the Neolithic, the late Bronze Age and into the Middle Ages. After the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, Alamanni tribes settled in the Simmen valley and established villages and alpine pastures.

In 994, the royal estate at Wimmis and part of Oberwil was donated to Selz Abbey in Alsace. In 1276, Wimmis and Oberwil were given to the new Augustinian Därstetten priory. During the Middle Ages, two castles Festi and Heidenmauer were built above the valley floor. However no records of the castles are still in existence and both have fallen into ruin. By the 12th century the remaining settlements and land were owned by the Freiherr von Weissenburg. In 1439 all the Weissenburg lands, including Oberwil and the surrounding settlements, were acquired by Bern. During the 16th century the entire Simmen valley converted from subsistence agriculture to raising cattle and producing cheese from milk. Today, while the municipality has some small businesses and tourism, the main industry is still agriculture.

The village church of St. Mauritius was built by the Freiherr von Weissenburg and is first mentioned in 1228. The original church was expanded in the 14th and 15th centuries.

## Geography

Oberwil im Simmental has an area of 46.06 km2 (17.78 sq mi). As of 2012, a total of 23.69 km2 (9.15 sq mi) or 51.4% is used for agricultural purposes, while 15.57 km2 (6.01 sq mi) or 33.8% is forested. The rest of the municipality is 1.16 km2 (0.45 sq mi) or 2.5% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.28 km2 (0.11 sq mi) or 0.6% is either rivers or lakes and 5.3 km2 (2.0 sq mi) or 11.5% is unproductive land.

During the same year, housing and buildings made up 1.1% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.3%. A total of 27.6% of the total land area is heavily forested and 5.6% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 18.8% is pasturage and 32.5% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. Of the unproductive areas, 7.3% is unproductive vegetation and 4.2% is too rocky for vegetation.

The large municipality spreads across much of the Simmental (Simmen valley) and the meadows and forests of the surrounding mountains. It consists of the Bäuerten (farming collectives) of Oberwil, Hintereggen, Pfaffenried, Bunschen and Waldried.

On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Niedersimmental, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Frutigen-Niedersimmental.

## Coat of arms

The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is *Per fess Argent a Castle Gules and Vert.*

## Demographics

Oberwil im Simmental has a population (as of December 2020) of 804. As of 2010, 3.6% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2001-2011) the population has changed at a rate of -1.4%. Migration accounted for -1.6%, while births and deaths accounted for 0%.

Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (796 or 99.1%) as their first language. There is one person who speaks French and one that speaks Romansh.

As of 2008, the population was 50.7% male and 49.3% female. The population was made up of 394 Swiss men (48.9% of the population) and 14 (1.7%) non-Swiss men. There were 382 Swiss women (47.5%) and 15 (1.9%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 514 or about 64.0% were born in Oberwil im Simmental and lived there in 2000. There were 222 or 27.6% who were born in the same canton, while 31 or 3.9% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 19 or 2.4% were born outside of Switzerland.

As of 2011, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 20.3% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 55.7% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 24.1%.

As of 2000, there were 295 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 437 married individuals, 61 widows or widowers and 10 individuals who are divorced.

As of 2010, there were 83 households that consist of only one person and 28 households with five or more people. In 2000, a total of 284 apartments (64.5% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 115 apartments (26.1%) were seasonally occupied and 41 apartments (9.3%) were empty. As of 2010, the construction rate of new housing units was 1.2 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2012, was 2.38%. In 2011, single family homes made up 44.0% of the total housing in the municipality.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

## Heritage sites of national significance

The *Venner* house is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance. The entire village of Oberwil im Simmental and the hamlet of Pfaffenried are part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

## Politics

In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 61.9% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Federal Democratic Union of Switzerland (EDU) (13.8%), the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (11.3%) and the Social Democratic Party (SP) (5.3%). In the federal election, a total of 365 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 56.0%.

## Economy

As of  2011, Oberwil im Simmental had an unemployment rate of 0.73%. As of 2008, there were a total of 349 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 220 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 84 businesses involved in this sector. 65 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 14 businesses in this sector. 64 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 19 businesses in this sector. There were 394 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 39.1% of the workforce.

In 2008 there were a total of 244 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 140, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 58 of which 16 or (27.6%) were in manufacturing and 41 (70.7%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 46. In the tertiary sector; 18 or 39.1% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 7 or 15.2% were in the movement and storage of goods, 12 or 26.1% were in a hotel or restaurant, 2 or 4.3% were the insurance or financial industry, and 1 was a technical professional or scientist.

In 2000, there were 29 workers who commuted into the municipality and 142 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 4.9 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. A total of 252 workers (89.7% of the 281 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Oberwil im Simmental. Of the working population, 10.7% used public transportation to get to work, and 48% used a private car.

In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident, with two children, of Oberwil im Simmental making 150,000 CHF was 12.7%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 18.7%. For comparison, the average rate for the entire canton in the same year, was 14.2% and 22.0%, while the nationwide average was 12.3% and 21.1% respectively. In 2009 there were a total of 291 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 43 made over 75,000 CHF per year. There were 9 people who made between 15,000 and 20,000 per year. The greatest number of workers, 91, made between 50,000 and 75,000 CHF per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Oberwil im Simmental was 106,435 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 130,478 CHF.

In 2011 a total of 1.1% of the population received direct financial assistance from the government.

## Religion

From the 2000 census, 692 or 86.2% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 14 or 1.7% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 2 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.25% of the population), and there were 64 individuals (or about 7.97% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There was 1 individual who was Islamic. There were 2 individuals who belonged to another church. 12 (or about 1.49% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 16 individuals (or about 1.99% of the population) did not answer the question.

## Transport

Oberwil im Simmental sits on the Spiez–Zweisimmen line and is served by trains at the Oberwil im Simmental and Enge im Simmental railway stations.

## Education

In Oberwil im Simmental about 44.5% of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 5.3% have completed additional higher education (either university or a *Fachhochschule*). Of the 24 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling listed in the census, 87.5% were Swiss men, 12.5% were Swiss women.

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2011-12 school year, there were a total of 63 students attending classes in Oberwil im Simmental. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 7 students in the municipality. The municipality had 2 primary classes and 47 students. During the same year, there was one lower secondary class with a total of 9 students.

As of  2000, there were a total of 18 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 17 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while one student came from another municipality. During the same year, 81 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

## InfoBox

| Oberwil im Simmental | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Location of Oberwil im Simmental | |
| Oberwil im SimmentalOberwil im Simmental | |
| Coordinates: 46°39′N 7°26′E / 46.650°N 7.433°E / 46.650; 7.433 | |
| Country | Switzerland |
| Canton | Bern |
| District | Frutigen-Niedersimmental |
| Area | |
| Total | 46.09 km2 (17.80 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 836 m (2,743 ft) |
| Population (31 December 2018) | |
| Total | 808 |
| Density | 18/km2 (45/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (Central European Time) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (Central European Summer Time) |
| Postal code(s) | 3765 |
| SFOS number | 0766 |
| ISO 3166 code | CH-BE |
| Surrounded by | Boltigen, Därstetten, Diemtigen, Guggisberg, Plaffeien (FR), Rüschegg |
| Website | www.oberwil-im-simmental.ch
SFSO statistics |


title: Obra Thermal Power Station

abstract: Obra Thermal Power Station, Obra is located in Sonbhadra district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, about 13 km (8.1 mi) from Chopan Railway Station and about 125 km (78 mi) from Varanasi. The power plant holds the distinction of being the first 200 MW unit of India. It is owned and operated by Uttar Pradesh Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Limited

text:
# Obra Thermal Power Station

**Obra Thermal Power Station, Obra** is located in Sonbhadra district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, about 13 km (8.1 mi) from Chopan Railway Station and about 125 km (78 mi) from Varanasi. The power plant holds the distinction of being the first 200 MW unit of India. It is owned and operated by Uttar Pradesh Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Limited

## Operations

There are thirteen functioning units, all of which are coal-fired thermal power stations. The machinery for most of the units are from Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited. The last unit of 200 MW was commissioned in 1982.

## Capacity

Obra Thermal Power Station has a generating capacity of **1288 MW** and an auxiliary bus charged from 3\*33 mW hydro power plant. Constructions have been underway to add two units of 660 MW each to the power plant.

| Stage | Installed Capacity (MW) | Date of Commissioning | Status |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 50 | 1967 August | Deleted since 2017 |
| 2 | 50 | 1968 March | Deleted |
| 3 | 50 | 1968 October | Deleted |
| 4 | 50 | 1969 July | Deleted |
| 5 | 50 | 1971 July | Deleted |
| 6 | 100 | 1973 October | Deleted |
| 7 | 100 | 1974 December | Deleted |
| 8 | 100 | 1976 January | Deleted |
| 9 | 200 | 1980 March | Running |
| 10 | 200 | 1979 March | Running |
| 11 | 200 | 1978 March | Running |
| 12 | 200 | 1981 May | Running |
| 13 | 200 | 1982 July | Running |
| 14 | 660 |  | under construction |
| 15 | 660 |  | under construction |
| 16 | 800 | 2023 | Proposed |
| 17 | 800 | 2023 | Proposed |
|

24°26′43″N 82°58′48″E / 24.4454°N 82.9801°E / 24.4454; 82.9801


title: Obory, Golub-Dobrzyń County

abstract: Obory is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zbójno, within Golub-Dobrzyń County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. The village is the sanctuary of the Patroness of Dobrzyń Land with the miraculous statue of Our Lady of Sorrows crowned officially in 1976.

text:
# Obory, Golub-Dobrzyń County

**Obory** \[ɔˈbɔrɨ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zbójno, within Golub-Dobrzyń County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.

The village is the sanctuary of the *Patroness of Dobrzyń Land* with the miraculous statue of Our Lady of Sorrows crowned officially in 1976.

## InfoBox

| Obory | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
|  | |
| Obory | |
| Coordinates: 53°00′07″N 19°12′50″E / 53.00194°N 19.21389°E / 53.00194; 19.21389 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Kuyavian-Pomeranian |
| County | Golub-Dobrzyń |
| Gmina | Zbójno |
| Population | 211 |


title: Obvious Song

abstract: "Obvious Song" is a song by British singer-songwriter and musician Joe Jackson, which was released in 1991 as the second single from his ninth studio album Laughter & Lust. The song was written by Jackson, and produced by Jackson and Ed Roynesdal. The song's music video was directed by Marcus Nispel and produced by Marc Rosenberg.

text:
# Obvious Song

"**Obvious Song**" is a song by British singer-songwriter and musician Joe Jackson, which was released in 1991 as the second single from his ninth studio album *Laughter & Lust*. The song was written by Jackson, and produced by Jackson and Ed Roynesdal. The song's music video was directed by Marcus Nispel and produced by Marc Rosenberg.

## Background

As Jackson's US debut single for Virgin, "Obvious Song" was selected by the label as a track they believed would generate play on album, alternative and college radio. Diana Fried, product manager for Virgin, told *Billboard* of the label's decision to release it: "They felt Joe had had a long, illustrious career, but without a whole lot of radio successes in his recent past. To come out with a more pop single right off the bat might not be the best way to let the fans know he's got a new album out, and also might limit where we go with it." The song reached No. 2 on the US *Billboard* Modern Rock Tracks and No. 28 on *Billboard* Album Rock Tracks charts.

## Critical reception

On its release, *Billboard* described the song as "rebellious social commentary that gains credibility from the singer's distinctive phrasing." They added: "A ringing '60s style guitar arrangement combined with horns and piano lines make this rhythmically dynamic tune a must for modern and album rock formats." In a review of *Laughter & Lust*, John Everson of the *Southtown Star* wrote: "Kicking off with the wryly labeled "Obvious Song," Jackson spits out observations that are obvious, but seldom acted on."

Mark Lepage of *The Gazette* wrote: "When *Laughter & Lust* works, it is as brisk, invigorating, tuneful and concise as "Obvious Song"." Roger Catlin of the *Hartford Courant* commented: "The punchy "Obvious Song" and "It's All Too Much" are worthy rockers with pithy jabs." Parry Gettelman of the *Orlando Sentinel* considered the song to "perform the difficult task of combining social commentary and pop craftsmanship without sounding preachy or pretentious".

Elysa Gardner of *Rolling Stone* described the song as a "straight-ahead rocker" which "takes aim at an American rock star who drives around in a gasguzzling limo while preaching to a foreigner who makes his living by cutting down trees". People was more critical of the song, describing it as "preachy", with Jackson "com\[ing\] across as a swollen, whiny Billy Joel".

## Track listing

CD single (US promo) 1. "Obvious Song" (Edit) - 3:47
2. "Obvious Song" - 4:11

## Personnel

* Joe Jackson \- vocals, keyboards
* Tom Teeley - guitar, backing vocals
* Joy Askew - keyboards, backing vocals
* Graham Maby \- bass
* Dan Hickey - drums
* Sue Hadjopoulos - drums, percussion

**Production**

* Joe Jackson - producer
* Ed Roynesdal - producer
* Dan Hersch - editor on "Edit" version
* Larry Alexander - engineer
* Bob Ludwig \- mastering

## Charts

| Chart (1991) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Canadian (*RPM*) 100 Singles Chart | 68 |
| US *Billboard* Album Rock Tracks | 28 |
| US *Billboard* Modern Rock Tracks | 4 |

## InfoBox

| "Obvious Song" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Joe Jackson | |
| from the album  *Laughter & Lust* | |
| Released | 1991 |
| Genre | Rock |
| Length | 3:40 |
| Label | Virgin |
| Songwriter(s) | Joe Jackson |
| Producer(s) | Joe Jackson
Ed Roynesdal |
| Joe Jackson singles chronology | |
| "Stranger than Fiction"
(1991) "**Obvious Song**"
(1991) "Oh Well"
(1991) | |


title: Octatron SkySeer

abstract: The Octatron SkySeer, also known as The Octatron, is a close-range unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) designed for easy transport and launch. It is designed and manufactured by Octatron, Incorporated in St. Petersburg, Florida, USA. Intended for short-range operations, the electric-powered SkySeer resembles a normal radio-controlled airplane or two-meter glider. The SkySeer is hand-launched by its operator and its flight functions can be handled by GPS including landings. The range is approximately two miles/3.2 km and is extendable via Octatron's NetWeaver interface. A SkySeer includes video surveillance equipment, ground station, and computer interfaces. The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department is currently experimenting with the SkySeer as a means of crime prevention. At present, the experiment has been suspended by the Federal Aviation Administration due to the agency's claim of lack of adequate permits. Although the FAA does not regulate model aircraft, it does have jurisdiction over unmanned aerial vehicles.

text:
# Octatron SkySeer

The **Octatron SkySeer,** also known as The Octatron, is a close-range unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) designed for easy transport and launch. It is designed and manufactured by Octatron, Incorporated in St. Petersburg, Florida, USA.

Intended for short-range operations, the electric-powered SkySeer resembles a normal radio-controlled airplane or two-meter glider. The SkySeer is hand-launched by its operator and its flight functions can be handled by GPS including landings. The range is approximately two miles/3.2 km and is extendable via Octatron's NetWeaver interface.

A SkySeer includes video surveillance equipment, ground station, and computer interfaces.

The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department is currently experimenting with the SkySeer as a means of crime prevention. At present, the experiment has been suspended by the Federal Aviation Administration due to the agency's claim of lack of adequate permits. Although the FAA does not regulate model aircraft, it does have jurisdiction over unmanned aerial vehicles.

## Airframe specifications

* **Wingspan**: 6.5' (1.98m)
* **Weight**: 3.125 lbs (1.42 kg)
* **Endurance**: 45 to 60 minutes at cruise speed of 23 mph (37 km/h)

1. Jonathan Karp and Andy Pasztor, Frederic haban (2006-08-07). "Drones in Domestic Skies? They're in Demand for Rescue And Surveillance Missions, But Critics Question Safety". *Wall Street Journal*. Retrieved 2006-11-07.


abstract: Obreption and subreption are terms used in the canon law of the Catholic church for species of fraud by which an ecclesiastical rescript is obtained. In Catholic Canon law, obreption is "the obtaining of or attempting to obtain a dispensation from ecclesiastical authority or a gift from the sovereign by fraud", "a positive allegation of what is false". Subreption in Catholic Canon law is "a concealment of the pertinent facts in a petition, as for dispensation or favor, that in certain cases nullifies the grant", "the obtainment of a dispensation or gift by concealment of the truth". The terms are also used in the same senses as in Catholic canon law in Scots law.

text:
# Obreption and subreption (Catholic canon law)

**Obreption** (from Latin *obreptio*, the act of stealing upon) and **subreption** (from Latin **subreptio**, the act of stealing and Latin **surripere*,* to take away secretly) are terms used in the canon law of the Catholic church for species of fraud by which an ecclesiastical rescript is obtained.

In Catholic Canon law, obreption is "the obtaining of or attempting to obtain a dispensation from ecclesiastical authority or a gift from the sovereign by fraud", "a positive allegation of what is false". Subreption in Catholic Canon law is "a concealment of the pertinent facts in a petition, as for dispensation or favor, that in certain cases nullifies the grant", "the obtainment of a dispensation or gift by concealment of the truth".

The terms are also used in the same senses as in Catholic canon law in Scots law.

## Etymology

Both words come from the Latin word **repo/reptum** (genitive), meaning to creep or crawl. The prefix, Ob- means "towards, against, or, in the way of"; Sub- means "under, or, close to".

Dispensations or graces are not granted unless there be some motive for requesting them, and the law of the Church requires that the true and just causes that lie behind the motive be stated in every prayer for such dispensation or grace.

When the petition contains a statement about facts or circumstances that are supposititious or at least, modified if they really exist, the resulting rescript is said to be vitiated by *obreption*, which consists in a positive allegation of what is false.

If, on the other hand, silence had been observed concerning something that essentially changed the state of the case, the concealment or suppression of statements or facts that according to law or usage should be expressed in an application or petition for a rescript is called *subreption*.

Rescripts obtained by obreption or subreption are null and void when the motive cause of the rescript is affected by them. If it is only the impelling cause, and the substance of the petition is not affected, or if the false statement was made through ignorance, the rescript is not vitiated. As requests for rescripts must come through a person in ecclesiastical authority, it is his duty to inform himself of the truth or falsity of the causes alleged in the petitions, and in case they are granted, to see that the conditions of the rescript are fulfilled.

In its effects subreption is equivalent to obreption. Subreption may be intentional and malicious, or attributable solely to ignorance or inadvertence. It may affect the primary, substantial reason or motive of the grant, or constitute merely a secondary or impellent cause of the concession.

1. "Definition of OBREPTION". *www.merriam-webster.com*. Retrieved 2021-01-19.
2. "Definition of SUBREPTION". *www.merriam-webster.com*. Retrieved 2021-01-19.
3. *Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary* (2nd ed.). New York: Random House Reference. 2001. p. 1895. ISBN 978-0-375-42599-8. OCLC 48010385.
4. Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Obreption". *Catholic Encyclopedia*. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
5. Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Subreption". *Catholic Encyclopedia*. New York: Robert Appleton Company.


title: Of Love and Evil

abstract: Of Love and Evil is a fantasy novel by American author Anne Rice, part of her Songs of the Seraphim series, which tells the story of Toby O'Dare, an assassin with a tragic past. The book received a 2011 Christianity Today Book Award.

text:
# Of Love and Evil

***Of Love and Evil*** is a fantasy novel by American author Anne Rice, part of her *Songs of the Seraphim* series, which tells the story of Toby O'Dare, an assassin with a tragic past. The book received a 2011 *Christianity Today* Book Award.

## Plot summary

Toby O'Dare, former government assassin, is summoned by the angel Malchiah to 15th century Rome to solve a terrible crime of poisoning and to uncover the secrets of an earthbound restless spirit, a diabolical dybbuk. Toby is plunged into this rich age as a lutist sent to charm and calm this troublesome spirit.

In the fullness of the high Italian Renaissance, Toby soon discovers himself in the midst of dark plots and counterplots, surrounded by a still darker and more dangerous threat as the veil of ecclesiastical terror closes in around him. And as he once again embarks on a powerful journey of atonement, he is reconnected with his own past, with matters light and dark, fierce and tender, with the promise of salvation and with a deeper and richer vision of love.

## InfoBox

Of Love and Evil
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Anne Rice |
| Language | English |
| Published | November 30, 2010 |
| Publisher | Knopf |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (Paperback & Hardback) |
| Pages | 192 |
| ISBN | 0-676-97809-6 |
| Preceded by | *Angel Time* |