title: María Alanoca

abstract: María Alanoca Tinta is a Bolivian politician and trade unionist serving as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from La Paz, representing circumscription 10 since 2020. A member of the Movement for Socialism, she represented the same department as a substitute alongside Wilfredo Calani from 2010 to 2015. Raised in the Los Andes Province of rural La Paz Department, Alanoca spent her youth employed as a palliri in the mines of Sud Yungas Province. She settled in El Alto at age 17, working as a street vendor in the city's commercial district, an area dominated by the informal sector of the economy. An affiliate of the merchants' guilds representing El Alto's small traders, she served as general secretary of the union overseeing the La Ceja district in the mid-1990s. Alanoca was a founding member of a local branch of the Movement for Socialism in El Alto and held a seat on its directorate in 2000. Having served once before in the Chamber of Deputies as a substitute from 2010 to 2015, she was elected in 2019 and again in 2020 to her own seat representing circumscription 10 of El Alto in the lower chamber. A staunch supporter of party leader Evo Morales, she aligns with the evista wing of the Movement for Socialism in parliament, which distanced itself from the incumbent government of Luis Arce and operates in semi-opposition.

text:
# María Alanoca

**María Alanoca Tinta** (born 2 December 1960) is a Bolivian politician and trade unionist serving as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from La Paz, representing circumscription 10 since 2020. A member of the Movement for Socialism, she represented the same department as a substitute alongside Wilfredo Calani from 2010 to 2015.

Raised in the Los Andes Province of rural La Paz Department, Alanoca spent her youth employed as a *palliri* in the mines of Sud Yungas Province. She settled in El Alto at age 17, working as a street vendor in the city's commercial district, an area dominated by the informal sector of the economy. An affiliate of the merchants' guilds representing El Alto's small traders, she served as general secretary of the union overseeing the La Ceja district in the mid-1990s.

Alanoca was a founding member of a local branch of the Movement for Socialism in El Alto and held a seat on its directorate in 2000. Having served once before in the Chamber of Deputies as a substitute from 2010 to 2015, she was elected in 2019 and again in 2020 to her own seat representing circumscription 10 of El Alto in the lower chamber. A staunch supporter of party leader Evo Morales, she aligns with the *evista* wing of the Movement for Socialism in parliament, which distanced itself from the incumbent government of Luis Arce and operates in semi-opposition.

## Early life and career

### Background and early life

María Alanoca was born on 2 December 1960 in Chipamaya, a rural settlement in the Los Andes Province of central La Paz Department. She was raised in an impoverished Aymara household alongside seven siblings to parents employed in the mining industry. Her father was a laborer at Bolsa Negra Mine in the distant village of Lambate, located in the Irupana Municipality of Sud Yungas Province.

Alanoca began working the mines of provincial La Paz Department at the age of 12; a time when the presence of female laborers was exceedingly rare and considered taboo  even prohibited on some sites for fear of "bad luck". She made a modest wage as a *palliri*, pulverizing rocks and sifting through the resulting pulp in search of valuable ores.

### Career and trade unionism

Fleeing poverty, Alanoca settled in El Alto at the age of 17, accompanying a trend of migration among inhabitants of the Altiplano out of the countryside and into the fast-urbanizing city. El Alto grew at an accelerated pace throughout the 1970s to '90s, bolstered by the arrival of mineworkers dismissed following the closure of state mines  by the early 2000s, "entire neighborhoods \[were\] made up of ex-miners."

She set up shop as a street vendor, selling condiments to the market-goers of La Ceja, the city's bustling commercial district. As with most small traders in the informal sector, an affiliation with the numerous guilds representing El Alto's merchants followed shortly thereafter. By the mid-1990s, Alanoca had risen to the post of general secretary of La Ceja's vendors' guild, representing one of the more populous areas of the city.

## Chamber of Deputies

### Election

Alanoca was a founding member of the Movement for Socialism (MAS) in circumscription 10 of El Alto, the district encompassing the city's north-central zones: *villas* 16 de Julio, Germán Busch, Ingenio, and Tunari, the Alto Lima, Los Andes, and Puerto Mejillones *barrios*, as well as the northern reaches nearing the foothills of Huayna Potosí. She served on the party's local branch directorate in 2000 alongside other regional leaders  including Vladimir Alarcón, who later represented the then-13th district in the Constituent Assembly.

| External videos | |
| --- | --- |
| Fluent in both Spanish and Aymara, Alanoca made use of both languages in her campaign. A significant majority of El Alto identifies as Aymara and a large proportion are bilingual. | |
| 2019 Aymara-language campaign ad | |
| 2019 Spanish-language campaign ad | |

Through her affiliation with the MAS, Alanoca spent a brief stint in parliament as a substitute for Wilfredo Calani from 2010 to 2015. Absent from the 2014 ballot, she returned to contest circumscription 10 in the Chamber of Deputies in the 2019 election as a representative of the guild sector, a constituency for whom the MAS commonly reserved a substantive quota on its parliamentary lists. She won her race,\[§\] but the wider election results  mired in allegations of fraud  were annulled. In the unrest that followed  much of which centered in El Alto  Alanoca played an active role in pro-government mobilizations and was among the protesters who occupied El Alto International Airport to deny opposition leader Luis Fernando Camacho entry into La Paz.

Re-nominated in 2020, Alanoca's campaign hit a new stumbling block late into the race after the Supreme Electoral Tribunal disqualified her candidacy amid complaints that she was not a resident of the constituency she was running in. Nevertheless, Alanoca was restored to the ballot on appeal, and she ultimately won the race in a landslide, accompanying a general citywide MAS sweep.\[§\]

### Tenure

Alanoca identifies with the *evista* wing of her party within the majority MAS caucus: the bench of legislators closest aligned with former president and party leader Evo Morales  as opposed to a newer group affiliated with incumbent Luis Arce. Although largely ideologically aligned, a growing schism over conflicting factional loyalties led many in the *evista* wing to act in increased opposition to the Arce administration.

For her part, Alanoca was a vocal critic of those outside her camp and was no stranger to public spats with colleagues she considered "traitor\[s\]" to the party  even as her own substitute, Zacarías Laura, aligned himself with the *arcistas*. Alanoca voted in favor of censuring Arce's justice minister, Iván Lima, and was one of thirty-two MAS legislators who aligned with the opposition to censure Government Minister Eduardo del Castillo. Arce's move to re-appoint del Castillo after his ouster by parliament led Alanoca to call for the president's impeachment.

In legislation, Alanoca backed social policy in favor of the elderly and disenfranchised youth. Between 2020 and 2022, she presented three bills proposing expanded access to finance for senior citizens living in poor health or extreme poverty; the creation of state-sponsored scholarships for children and adolescents orphaned during the COVID-19 pandemic; and the establishment of a national sex offender registry accessible by the public.

### Commission assignments

* Territorial Organization of the State and Autonomies Commission
    + Departmental Autonomies Committee (Secretary: 20212022)
    + Rural Native Indigenous Autonomies Committee (2022–present)
* Social Policy Commission
    + Social Welfare and Protection Committee (20202021)

## Electoral history

Electoral history of María Alanoca
| Year | Office | Party | | Votes | | | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Total | % | P. || |
| 2009 | Substitute deputy |  | Movement for Socialism | 1,099,259 | 80.28% | 1st | Won |  |
| 2019 | Deputy |  | Movement for Socialism | 67,423 | 51.7% | 1st | Annulled |  |
| 2020 | |  | Movement for Socialism | 108,967 | 75.68% | 1st | Won |  |
| **Source:** Plurinational Electoral Organ | Electoral Atlas | | | | | | | | |

### Notes

### Footnotes

1. *La Estrella del Oriente* 2023, p. 8.
2. Vargas & Villavicencio 2014, p. 168.
3. *Apuntes Legislativos* 2021, p. 4.
4. *Bolivian Express* 2019, pp. 9–10.
5. *Bolivian Express* 2019, p. 9.
6. *Bolivian Express* 2019, p. 10.
7. Ruiz Parada 2011, p. 101.
8. Romero Ballivián 2018, p. 209.
9. Ruiz Parada 2011, p. 85.
10. López Levy 2001, p. 72.
11. Ruiz Parada 2011, pp. 75–76.
12. López Levy 2001, p. 42.
13. López Levy 2001, pp. 45–46.
14. *Página Siete* 2019, p. 4.
15. Asamblea Constituyente 2006.
16. López Levy 2001, pp. 67–68.
17. Vargas & Villavicencio 2014, pp. 297–304.
18. Romero Ballivián 2018, p. 479.
19. *La Estrella del Oriente* 2019, p. 3.
20. *El Deber* 2019, pp. 2–3.
21. *El Alteño* 2020, p. 2.
22. El Alto Digital 2020.
23. ERBOL 2023.
24. Yahoo! News 2023.
25. *Foreign Policy* 2023.
26. Noticias Fides 2022; *El Deber* 2023.
27. *Página Siete* 2023.
28. *El Día* 2023.
29. *Ahora el Pueblo* 2023, p. 2.
30. *Los Tiempos* 2023.
31. Prensa Diputados 2022a.
32. Prensa Diputados 2021a; Prensa Diputados 2021b.
33. Prensa Diputados 2021c.
34. Prensa Diputados 2021d.
35. Prensa Diputados 2022b.
36. Prensa Diputados 2020.
37. Atlas Electoral 2009.
38. OEP 2019, pp. 9, 20.
39. Atlas Electoral 2020.

### Works cited

**Online and list sources**

**Digital and print publications**

**Books and encyclopedias**

## InfoBox

| María Alanoca | |
| --- | --- |
| Official portrait, 2020 | |
|  | |
| Member of the Chamber of Deputies
from La Paz | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
3 November 2020 | |
| Substitute | Zacarías Laura |
| Preceded by | Saturnino Quispe |
| Constituency | Circumscription 10 (El Alto) |
| **Substitute**
25 January 2010  18 January 2015 | |
| Deputy | Wilfredo Calani |
| Preceded by | Santusa Calizaya |
| Succeeded by | Lidia Patty |
| Constituency | Party list |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | María Alanoca Tinta
(1960-12-02) 2 December 1960
Chipamaya, La Paz, Bolivia |
| Political party | Movement for Socialism (2000–present) |
| Occupation | * Politician * trade unionist |
| Signature |  |
|  | |


title: Massacre on Queens Boulevard

abstract: Massacre on Queens Boulevard was a professional wrestling live event produced by Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) on April 13, 1996. The event was held in the Lost Battalion Hall in the Rego Park section of the New York City borough of Queens in the United States. The event took its name from the street where the venue is located. Excerpts from Massacre on Queens Boulevard aired on episode #156 of the syndicated television show ECW Hardcore TV on April 16, 1996, while the event was released on VHS in 1996 and on DVD in 2002. The bout between Chris Jericho and Taz was also included on the compilation DVD ECW: Unreleased Vol. 2 released by WWE in 2013. The full event was made available for streaming on the WWE Network in 2020.

text:
# Massacre on Queens Boulevard

**Massacre on Queens Boulevard** (sometimes written as **Massacre on Queens Blvd**) was a professional wrestling live event produced by Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) on April 13, 1996. The event was held in the Lost Battalion Hall in the Rego Park section of the New York City borough of Queens in the United States. The event took its name from the street where the venue is located.

Excerpts from Massacre on Queens Boulevard aired on episode #156 of the syndicated television show *ECW Hardcore TV* on April 16, 1996, while the event was released on VHS in 1996 and on DVD in 2002. The bout between Chris Jericho and Taz was also included on the compilation DVD *ECW: Unreleased Vol. 2* released by WWE in 2013. The full event was made available for streaming on the WWE Network in 2020.

## Event

The announcer for Massacre on Queens Boulevard was Joey Styles, while the referees were Jim Molineaux, John Finnegan, and John Moore, with Tom Delevano as guest referee for the bout between Chris Jericho and Taz. The event was attended by approximately 1,100 people.

The event began with a tag team match pitting J. T. Smith and Damien Stone against the Dudley Brothers. Before the match began, Smith - whose gimmick was that, after sustaining a concussion, he believed himself to be an Old World Italian \- announced that he had been researching his family tree and had discovered that Stone was his Sicilian cousin, dubbing him "Little Guido". This marked the beginning of Smith and Guido's alliance as the Full Blooded Italians. At the outset of the match, the debuting D-Von Dudley entered the ring and introduced himself, then announced the "three rules": "Thou shall not steal! Thou shall not kill! And Thou shall not fuck with the Dudleys!" D-Von Dudley then joined with Big Dick Dudley and Buh Buh Ray Dudley in viciously beating down Smith and Little Guido before attacking referee John Moore, drawing a disqualification. After the Dudley Brothers left the ring, Smith and Little Guido taunted them, prompting the Dudley Brothers to return to the ring and beat them down again. The introduction of D-Von Dudley eventually led to the formation of the highly successful Dudley Boyz tag team.

The second bout was a singles match in which Hack Meyers defeated Billy Black by pinfall following a modified diving facebuster.

The third bout saw ECW World Tag Team Champions the Eliminators defend their titles against El Puerto Riqueño and Joel Hartgood. The Eliminators won a short squash after delivering their *Total Elimination* finishing move to both men and then pinning them simultaneously. After the match, The Eliminators challenged the Gangstas, resulting in a brawl that ended with the Gangstas being arrested after New Jack struck a police officer.

The fourth bout saw ECW World Heavyweight Champion Raven defend his title against the luchadore Damián 666. Before the match, a woman dubbed the "Meanie Doll" by announcer Joey Styles (Miss Patricia) entered the ring and flirted with Raven's henchman the Blue Meanie. After Raven dragged her away by her hair, Raven's valet Kimona Wanalaya remonstrated with him, prompting Raven to slap her to the ground. Raven's henchman Stevie Richards initially appeared shocked, but then stomped Wanalaya before giving an impromptu promo in which he defended Raven and insulted Damián 666. Raven went on to win the bout by pinfall following an *Evenflow DDT*. Raven's attack on Wanalaya marked her departure from Raven's Nest, with Wanalaya vowing to get revenge on Raven and threatening to reveal a shocking secret at Hostile City Showdown.

The fifth bout saw Chris Jericho face Taz in a rematch from Big Ass Extreme Bash in which the only way to win was via knockout or submission, with judoka Tom Delevano as the guest referee. Taz's manager Bill Alfonso was handcuffed to ECW commissioner Tod Gordon at ringside to prevent him from interfering. The match ended when a member of "Team Taz" unhandcuffed Alfonso, enabling him to give Jericho a chair shot. Taz then applied the *Tazmission* to the unconscious Jericho and was awarded the win by technical knockout by Delevano. Following the match, Delevano revealed himself to have been in cahoots with Taz, applying the *Tazmission* to Gordon after he remonstrated with him.

The sixth bout was scheduled to be a singles match between Shane Douglas and Rob Van Dam, but Van Dam was unable to compete due to a broken wrist. Douglas came to the ring and gave a promo in which he insulted World Wrestling Federation Champion Shawn Michaels before issuing an open challenge. The Blue Meanie (parodying Shawn Michaels) initially came to the ring to accept Douglas' challenge, only for Axl Rotten to attack him and accept the challenge instead. Douglas went on to win the match by pinfall following a belly-to-belly suplex.

The seventh bout was a six-man tag team match pitting Brian Lee and the Bruise Brothers (representing Raven's Nest) against the Pitbulls and Tommy Dreamer. The match was a wild brawl that at one point spilled out of the Lost Battalion Hall onto Queens Boulevard, with Raven interfering to assist his henchmen. The match ended when Lee held a chair on either side of Dreamer's head and the Bruise Brothers delivered a big boot to each chair, enabling Lee to pin Dreamer. Following the match, Lee and the Bruise Brothers attempted to attack Dreamer's valet Beulah McGillicutty (who had announced at House Party that she was pregnant), but the Pitbulls' valet Francine pushed her out of the way and was attacked herself. Dreamer and the Pitbulls then rallied and drove away Lee and The Bruise Brothers, then the Pitbulls put an unconscious Raven on a table in the middle of the ring and superbombed Dreamer onto him.

The penultimate bout was a singles match between Mikey Whipwreck and Sabu. Sabu won the bout by pinfall following a *Frankensteiner*. Following the match, Sabu shook Whipwreck's hand in a sign of respect.

The main event was a three-way tag team elimination match between the Gangstas, the Headhunters, and 2 Cold Scorpio and the Sandman in another rematch from Bad Ass Extreme Bash, with the winners to be named the number one contenders to the Eliminators' ECW World Tag Team Championship. The Gangstas were initially missing from the match due to having been arrested earlier, eventually joining the match while still wearing handcuffs. The Headhunters were the first team eliminated after abandoning the match. Despite interference from the Eliminators, the Gangstas went on to win the match, with New Jack pinning 2 Cold Scorpio following a running powerslam from Mustafa and a *187* from New Jack.

## Results

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | J.T. Smith and Little Guido defeated the Dudley Brothers (Big Dick Dudley and Buh Buh Ray Dudley) (with Dances with Dudley, D-Von Dudley, and Sign Guy Dudley) by disqualification | Tag team match | 3:46 |
| 2 | Hack Meyers defeated Billy Black by pinfall | Singles match | 6:01 |
| 3 | The Eliminators (Kronus and Saturn) (c) defeated Joel Hartgood and El Puerto Riqueño by pinfall | Tag team match for the ECW World Tag Team Championship | 2:08 |
| 4 | Raven (c) (with the Blue Meanie, Kimona Wanalaya, and Stevie Richards) defeated Damián 666 by pinfall | Singles match for the ECW World Heavyweight Championship | 8:30 |
| 5 | Taz (with Bill Alfonso and Team Taz) defeated Chris Jericho (with Tod Gordon) by TKO | "Shoot fight rules" match | 3:17 |
| 6 | Shane Douglas defeated Axl Rotten by pinfall | Singles match | 6:55 |
| 7 | Brian Lee and the Bruise Brothers (Don Bruise and Ron Bruise) defeated the Pitbulls (Pitbull #1 and Pitbull #2) (with Francine) and Tommy Dreamer (with Beulah McGillicutty) by pinfall | Six-man tag team match | 11:45 |
| 8 | Sabu defeated Mikey Whipwreck by pinfall | Singles match | 15:21 |
| 9 | The Gangstas (Mustafa and New Jack) defeated the Headhunters (Headhunter A and Headhunter B) (with Damien Kane and Lady Alexandra) and 2 Cold Scorpio and The Sandman (with Missy Hyatt) by pinfall | Three-way tag team elimination match for the number one contendership to the ECW World Tag Team Championship | 18:57 |
| (c)  – the champion(s) heading into the match | | | |

## InfoBox

| Massacre on Queens Boulevard | |
| --- | --- |
| The Lost Battalion Hall in New York City. | |
| Promotion | Extreme Championship Wrestling |
| Date | April 13, 1996
(aired April 16, 1996) |
| City | New York City, New York, United States |
| Venue | Lost Battalion Hall |
| Attendance | c.1,100 |
| Event chronology | |
| **Previous**
Big Ass Extreme Bash **Next**
Hostile City Showdown | |


title: Mathurin-François Boucher

abstract: Mathurin François Boucher was a French naval engineer. He is notable for his adaptation of the technique of ship camel to large 74-guns, and for designing the Surveillante class of 60-gun frigates.

text:
# Mathurin-François Boucher

**Mathurin François Boucher** (Nantes, 22 November 1778 – Marseille, 31 March 1851) was a French naval engineer. He is notable for his adaptation of the technique of ship camel to large 74-guns, and for designing the *Surveillante* class of 60-gun frigates.

## Career

Born to the family of a carpenter, Boucher entered the École Polytechnique in 1794, aged only 16. Graduating three years later, he briefly joined the Geography corps, but soon transferred to Naval engineering. He took part in the French campaign in Egypt and Syria as a trainee engineer.

Returned to France in 1801, he served in various harbours and was sent to Holland to study the ship camel buoyancy system, which allows to temporarily reduce the draft of a ship. On 20 February 1812, he successfully applied it on the 74-gun ship *Rivoli*, built in Venice to a draft exceeding that allowed by the pass of Malamocco.

In the early 1820s, Boucher designed the *Surveillante* class of 60-gun frigates. He was sent to Lorient to oversee the construction of the lead ship, *Surveillante*. *Surveillante* was kept at sea from 1825 to 1830 with such performances that France started building further frigates and ships of the line after her design.

In 1829, he rejected a memorandum by Vice-Admiral Missiessy proposing a new organisation of the fleet. In 1831, he launched into an archival endeavour of cataloguing the various naval libraries of France.

## Citations

1. Levot (1866), p. 47.
2. Levot (1866), p. 48.
* Yves Laissus, *L'Égypte, une aventure savante 1798-1801*, Paris, Fayard, 1998, p. 305.
* Levot, Prosper (1866). *Les gloires maritimes de la France: notices biographiques sur les plus célèbres marins* (in French). Bertrand.
* Edouard de Villiers du Terrage, *Journal et souvenirs sur l'expédition d'Égypte, mis en ordre et publiés par le baron Marc de Villiers du Terrage*, Paris, E. Plon, Nourrit, 1899, et *L'expédition d'Égypte 1798-1801, Journal et souvenirs d'un jeune savant*, Paris, Cosmopole, 2001 et 2003, p. 353.

## InfoBox

| Mathurin-François Boucher | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 22 November 1778
Nantes |
| Died | 31 March 1851  (aged 72)
Marseille |
| Alma mater |  |
| Occupation | Engineer |
| Awards |  |


title: Matrilateral

abstract: The term matrilateral describes kin (relatives) "on the mother's side". Social anthropologists have underlined that even where a social group demonstrates a strong emphasis on one or other line of inheritance, relatives who fall outside this unilineal grouping will not simply be ignored. So, a strongly patrilineal orientation will be complemented by matrilateral ties with the mother's kin. Likewise within a strongly matrilineal organisation, patrilateral ties will enter the reckoning of relationships as an important balancing factor. This complementarity often has a moral or emotional tone to it: Malinowski's classic studies of the matrilineal Trobriand islanders showed that matrilineal ties were associated with discipline and authority, while patrilateral ties were characterised by nurturance and kindness. Likewise, in Chinua Achebe's novel Things Fall Apart, the hero, Okonkwo, is forced into exile from his own ancestral village to the village of his matrilateral kin who should, by rights, treat him with maternal fondness. Matrilateral cross-cousin marriage is typically used by anthropologists to describe a form of marriage in which the sons of one consanguineous group marry the daughters of the consanguineous group from which their mother originates. This may take the form of a preference for this kind of cousin marriage or a prescription that this is what will happen. The logical consequences of cross-cousin marriage for group formation were first discussed in detail by Reo Fortune and have provoked a great deal of debate amongst social anthropologists including Claude Lévi-Strauss, Edmund Leach and Rodney Needham.

text:
# Matrilateral

The term ***matrilateral*** describes kin (relatives) "on the mother's side".

Social anthropologists have underlined that even where a social group demonstrates a strong emphasis on one or other line of inheritance (matrilineal or patrilineal), relatives who fall outside this unilineal grouping will not simply be ignored. So, a strongly patrilineal orientation will be complemented by matrilateral ties with the mother's kin. Likewise within a strongly matrilineal organisation, patrilateral ties will enter the reckoning of relationships as an important balancing factor. This complementarity often has a moral or emotional tone to it: Malinowski's classic studies of the matrilineal Trobriand islanders showed that matrilineal ties were associated with discipline and authority, while patrilateral ties were characterised by nurturance and kindness (at least in principle). Likewise, in Chinua Achebe's novel *Things Fall Apart*, the hero, Okonkwo, is forced into exile from his own ancestral village to the village of his matrilateral kin who should, by rights, treat him with maternal fondness.

Matrilateral cross-cousin marriage is typically used by anthropologists to describe a form of marriage in which the sons of one consanguineous group marry the daughters of the consanguineous group from which their mother originates. This may take the form of a preference for this kind of cousin marriage or a prescription that this is what will happen. The logical consequences of cross-cousin marriage (matrilateral or patrilateral) for group formation were first discussed in detail by Reo Fortune and have provoked a great deal of debate amongst social anthropologists including Claude Lévi-Strauss, Edmund Leach and Rodney Needham (alliance theory).


title: Matheus Morgatto

abstract: Matheus Morgatto is a Brazilian karting driver from Alphaville, São Paulo, competing in the OK and KZ2 categories for Birel ART Racing. In 2022, he won the FIA Karting World Championship in OK. He is currently ranked 22nd in the FIA International Karting Ranking in the OK category and 69th in the KZ2 category.

text:
# Matheus Morgatto

**Matheus Morgatto** (born 10 October 2003) is a Brazilian karting driver from Alphaville, São Paulo, competing in the OK and KZ2 categories for Birel ART Racing. In 2022, he won the FIA Karting World Championship in OK. He is currently ranked 22nd in the FIA International Karting Ranking in the OK category and 69th in the KZ2 category.

## Career

Morgatto began racing competitively in 2013, competing exclusively in North and South American championships until 2018. He found success early in the Florida Winter Tour, coming in 2nd place in the Micro Max category in 2014, 3rd in Mini ROK and 2nd in Mini Max in 2016, 3rd in Junior ROK in 2017, and 1st in Junior ROK in 2018. These results, along with his results in other series, led to him joining the Tony Kart Racing Team in 2019.

However, from 2019 to 2021, Morgatto was unable to claim an overall podium in any series. In these three years, he raced for Tony Kart Racing Team, Parolin Racing Kart, and Birel ART Racing.

In 2022, he won the FIA World Karting Championship in Naples with DPK Racing, beating the reigning champion Tuukka Taponen, who came in 2nd place. Later that year, he once again won the Florida Winter Series, this time in the Senior ROK category.

In 2023, he won ROK Vegas in the ROK Pro GP category and took 3rd place in the SKUSA Pro Tour in X30 Senior with PSL Karting. So far, in 2024, he has placed 5th in the FIA Karting European Championship's OK category, is racing in the Champions of the Future Euro Series, and is set to compete in the FIA World Karting Championship again with Birel ART Racing.

## Karting record

### Karting career summary

| Season | Series | Team | Position |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **2013** | Florida Winter Tour - Micro Max |  | 28th |
| | Brazilian Championship - Super Cadet |  | 6th |
| **2014** | Florida Winter Tour - Micro Max | Legree Motorsports | **2nd** |
| | Copa Brasil de Kart - Junior |  | 16th |
| **2016** | SKUSA SuperNationals - Mini Swift |  | 27th |
| | Florida Winter Tour - Mini ROK |  | **3rd** |
| | Florida Winter Tour - Mini Max |  | **2nd** |
| **2017** | Florida Winter Tour - Junior ROK |  | **3rd** |
| | ROK Cup International Final - Junior ROK | Parolin Racing Kart | 9th |
| | SKUSA SuperNationals - X30 Junior | Russell Karting Specialties | 8th |
| | Orlando Cup - Junior ROK |  | **1st** |
| **2018** | SKUSA SuperNationals - X30 Senior | AM Engines | 4th |
| | WSK Final Cup - OK |  | 34th |
| | Florida Winter Tour - Junior ROK |  | **1st** |
| | SKUSA Pro Tour - X30 Junior |  | **2nd** |
| **2019** | South Garda Winter Cup - OK | Tony Kart Racing Team | 13th |
| | WSK Super Master Series - OK | Tony Kart Racing Team | 17th |
| | WSK Euro Series - OK | Tony Kart Racing Team | 12th |
| | FIA World Karting Championship - OK | Tony Kart Racing Team | 9th |
| | FIA Karting European Championship - OK | Tony Kart Racing Team | 21st |
| | Italian ACI Karting Championship - OK |  | 13th |
| **2020** | WSK Champions Cup - OK | Parolin Racing Kart | 5th |
| | WSK Super Master Series - OK | Parolin Racing Kart | 6th |
| | South Garda Winter Cup - OK | Parolin Racing Kart | 34th |
| | FIA Karting European Championship | Parolin Racing Kart | 14th |
| | WSK Euro Series - OK | Parolin Racing Kart and Birel ART Racing | 11th |
| | FIA Karting World Championship - OK | Birel ART Racing | 12th |
| | Italian ACI Karting Championship - OK |  | 12th |
| **2021** | WSK Super Master Series - OK | Birel ART Racing | 25th |
| | WSK Euro Series - OK | Birel ART Racing | 15th |
| | Champions of the Future - OK | Birel ART Racing | 5th |
| | FIA Karting European Championship - OK | Birel ART Racing | 11th |
| **2022** | FIA Karting World Championship - OK | DPK Racing | **1st** |
| | FIA Karting European Championship - OK | DPK Karting | 20th |
| | SKUSA SuperNationals - X30 Senior | AM Racing Team | 40th |
| | Italian ACI Karting Championship |  | 8th |
| | Florida Winter Tour - Senior ROK | AM Racing Team | **1st** |
| **2023** | FIA Karting World Championship - KZ2 | Leclerc by Lennox Racing | 11th |
| | FIA Karting World Championship - OK | Birel ART Racing | 63rd |
| | FIA Karting European Championship - OK |  | 17th |
| | SKUSA SuperNationals - X30 Senior | PSL Karting | 24th |
| | ROK Vegas - ROK Pro GP | PSL Karting | **1st** |
| | SKUSA Pro Tour - X30 Senior | PSL Karting | **3rd** |
| **2024** | FIA Karting European Championship - OK | Birel ART Racing | 5th |

## InfoBox

| Matheus Morgatto | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Brazilian |
| Born | (2003-10-10) 10 October 2003
São Paulo, Brazil |
| Championship titles | |
| 2017 2018
2022
2023 | Orlando Cup - Junior ROK Florida Winter Tour - Junior ROK
FIA Karting World Championship Florida Winter Tour - Senior ROK
ROK Vegas - ROK Pro GP |


title: Matrix factorization (algebra)

abstract: In homological algebra, a branch of mathematics, a matrix factorization is a tool used to study infinitely long resolutions, generally over commutative rings.

text:
# Matrix factorization (algebra)

In homological algebra, a branch of mathematics, a **matrix factorization** is a tool used to study infinitely long resolutions, generally over commutative rings.

## Motivation

One of the problems with non-smooth algebras, such as Artin algebras, are their derived categories are poorly behaved due to infinite projective resolutions. For example, in the ring $R=\mathbb {C} \[x\]/(x^{2})$ there is an infinite resolution of the $R$-module $\mathbb {C} $ where

> $\cdots {\xrightarrow {\cdot x}R{\xrightarrow {\cdot x}R{\xrightarrow {\cdot x}R\to \mathbb {C} \to 0}}}$

Instead of looking at only the derived category of the module category, David Eisenbud studied such resolutions by looking at their periodicity. In general, such resolutions are periodic with period $2$ after finitely many objects in the resolution.

## Definition

For a commutative ring $S$ and an element $f\in S$, a **matrix factorization** of $f$ is a pair of *n*-by-*n* matrices $A,B$ such that $AB=f\cdot {\text{Id}\_{n}}$. This can be encoded more generally as a $\mathbb {Z} /2$-graded $S$-module $M=M\_{0}\oplus M\_{1}$ with an endomorphism

> $d={\begin{bmatrix}0&d\_{1}\\d\_{0}&0\end{bmatrix}}$

such that $d^{2}=f\cdot {\text{Id}\_{M}}$.

### Examples

(1) For $S=\mathbb {C} \[\[x\]\]$ and $f=x^{n}$ there is a matrix factorization $d\_{0}:S\rightleftarrows S:d\_{1}$ where $d\_{0}=x^{i},d\_{1}=x^{n-i}$ for $0\leq i\leq n$.

(2) If $S=\mathbb {C} \[\[x,y,z\]\]$ and $f=xy+xz+yz$, then there is a matrix factorization $d\_{0}:S^{2}\rightleftarrows S^{2}:d\_{1}$ where

> $d\_{0}={\begin{bmatrix}z&y\\x&-x-y\end{bmatrix}{\text{ }d\_{1}={\begin{bmatrix}x+y&y\\x&-z\end{bmatrix}}}}$

## Periodicity

definition

### Main theorem

Given a regular local ring $R$ and an ideal $I\subset R$ generated by an $A$-sequence, set $B=A/I$ and let

$$\cdots \to F\_{2}\to F\_{1}\to F\_{0}\to 0$$

be a minimal $B$-free resolution of the ground field. Then $F\_{\bullet }$ becomes periodic after at most $1+{\text{dim}(B)}$ steps. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Jo5eCv9ZVY

### Maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules

page 18 of eisenbud article

## Categorical structure

## Support of matrix factorizations

## Further reading


title: Mathias of Inis Ní

abstract: Mathias of Inis Ní was a Medieval Irish saint.

text:
# Mathias of Inis Ní

**Mathias of Inis Ní** was a Medieval Irish saint.

## Biography

Inis Ní (Inishnee Island) is located in Bertraghboy Bay in Connemara, Ireland, and contains the remains of a chapel and well dedicated to Mathias, the probable founder of the Christian settlement on the island. The chapel is surrounded by a rectangular graveyard, with an altar to the north-east containing an upright cross-inscribed slab.

* *A Guide to Connemara's Early Christian Sites*, Anthony Previté, Oughterard, 2008. ISBN 978 0 9560062 0 2


title: Matthaeus Pipelare

abstract: Matthaeus Pipelare was a Netherlandish composer, choir director, and possibly wind instrument player of the Renaissance. He was from Louvain, and spent part of his early life in Antwerp. Unlike many of his contemporaries, many of whom traveled to Italy, Spain or elsewhere, he seems never to have left the Low Countries. In spring 1498 he became the choir director at the Illustrious Confraternity of Our Lady at 's-Hertogenbosch, a position he held until 1500. From his name it is presumed that either he or perhaps his father was a wind player, for example a town piper. Pipelare's style was wide-ranging; he wrote in almost all of the vocal forms current in his day: masses, motets, secular songs in all the local languages. No instrumental music has survived. In mood his music ranged from light secular songs to sombre motets related to those of Pierre de La Rue, an almost exact contemporary. He wrote 11 complete masses which have survived to modern times, as well as 10 motets, and 8 chansons; the chansons are both in French and Dutch. One of the masses is a four-voice cantus firmus setting of L'homme armé, a style which was already old-fashioned by the time he was writing; the tune moves from voice to voice, but is usually in the tenor. His Missa Fors seulement is based on his own chanson, which he used as the cantus firmus. Memorare Mater Christi is a seven-part motet on the sorrows of the Virgin Mary; each of the seven voices represents a different dolor. The third of the seven voices even quotes the contemporary Spanish villancico "Nunca fué pena mayor" by Juan de Urrede. Sequential writing and syncopated rhythms are characteristic of his music.

text:
# Matthaeus Pipelare

**Matthaeus Pipelare** (c.1450c.1515) was a Netherlandish composer, choir director, and possibly wind instrument player of the Renaissance.

He was from Louvain, and spent part of his early life in Antwerp. Unlike many of his contemporaries, many of whom traveled to Italy, Spain or elsewhere, he seems never to have left the Low Countries. In spring 1498 he became the choir director at the Illustrious Confraternity of Our Lady at 's-Hertogenbosch, a position he held until 1500. From his name it is presumed that either he or perhaps his father was a wind player, for example a town piper.

Pipelare's style was wide-ranging; he wrote in almost all of the vocal forms current in his day: masses, motets, secular songs in all the local languages. No instrumental music has survived. In mood his music ranged from light secular songs to sombre motets related to those of Pierre de La Rue, an almost exact contemporary.

He wrote 11 complete masses which have survived to modern times (although many of the manuscripts were destroyed in the Second World War), as well as 10 motets, and 8 chansons; the chansons are both in French and Dutch. One of the masses is a four-voice cantus firmus setting of L'homme armé, a style which was already old-fashioned by the time he was writing; the tune moves from voice to voice, but is usually in the tenor. His *Missa Fors seulement* is based on his own chanson, which he used as the cantus firmus. *Memorare Mater Christi* is a seven-part motet on the sorrows of the Virgin Mary; each of the seven voices represents a different *dolor*. The third of the seven voices even quotes the contemporary Spanish villancico "Nunca fué pena mayor" (never was there a greater pain) by Juan de Urrede. Sequential writing and syncopated rhythms are characteristic of his music.

## Discography

* Gustave Reese, *Music in the Renaissance*. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1954. ISBN 0-393-09530-4
* Cross, Ronald. L. Macy (ed.). *Matthaeus Pipelare*. Grove Music Online. Archived from the original on 13 January 2011. Retrieved 29 October 2010.(subscription required)


title: Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn BDSeh 4/8

abstract: The Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn BDSeh 4/8 is a four member class of metre gauge electric multiple units operated by the Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn (MGB), in the Canton of Valais, Switzerland. They have partially panoramic, articulated bodies, and were the first new items of powered rolling stock to be placed into service by the MGB. Since entering the MGB fleet, the BDSeh 4/8 multiple units have been used to operate the Zermatt shuttle trains. These trains link Zermatt railway station, which serves the car-free mountaineering and ski resort of Zermatt, with Täsch railway station, where there is a large parking station for people travelling to or from Zermatt by road vehicle.

text:
# Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn BDSeh 4/8

The **Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn BDSeh 4/8** is a four member class of metre gauge electric multiple units operated by the Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn (MGB), in the Canton of Valais, Switzerland. They have partially panoramic, articulated bodies, and were the first new items of powered rolling stock to be placed into service by the MGB.

Since entering the MGB fleet, the BDSeh 4/8 multiple units have been used to operate the Zermatt shuttle trains. These trains link Zermatt railway station, which serves the car-free mountaineering and ski resort of Zermatt, with Täsch railway station, where there is a large parking station for people travelling to or from Zermatt by road vehicle.

## Technical details

The BDSeh 4/8 class is part of the Stadler GTW family of multiple units. It has an aluminium frame.

Each member of the class is made up of three articulated units. The central unit is a panorama car, and houses the four traction motors. Attached to each end of the central unit is a control car unit. The two outlying units have low floor entrances, to facilitate the transport of baggage carts, 40 of which can be loaded into the whole three unit train.

The BDSeh 4/8 class vehicles are all equipped with Schwab type automatic couplings. These couplings can be used to join two members of the class, and thereby make up a six unit train, thus adjusting capacity to meet changes in demand.

The interiors of the vehicles are fitted with air conditioning and information display screens.

* Schönborn, Hans-Bernhard (2004). *Schweizer Triebfahrzeuge* (in German). München: GeraMond. pp. 88, 89. ISBN 3-7654-7176-3.
* Stolz, Théo (2007). *Taschenlexikon Triebfahrzeuge der Schweiz: die Lokomotiven und Triebwagen der Schweizer Bahnen des öffentlichen Verkehrs am 1. Januar 2006* (in German). Lucerne: Minirex. ISBN 978-3-907014-31-8.

*This article is based upon a translation of the German language version as at August 2010. The original authors can be seen here.*

## InfoBox

| Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn BDSeh 4/8 | |
| --- | --- |
| A BDSeh 4/8 on 2 January 2009. | |
| Manufacturer | Stadler Rail |
| Constructed | 2003–2006 |
| Number built | 4 |
| Number in service | 4 |
| Fleet numbers | 2051–2054 |
| Operators | Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn |
| Specifications | |
| Train length | 52,014 mm (170 ft 8 in) |
| Maximum speed | *Adhesion:* 80 km/h (50 mph)<br>*Rack rail:* 35 km/h (22 mph) |
| Weight | 69 tonnes (152,100 lb) |
| Power output | 1,000 kW (1,340 hp) |
| Electric system(s) | 11 kV 16.7 Hz |
| Current collector(s) | Overhead |
| UIC classification | 2′Bo′zz Bo′zz 2′ |
| Track gauge | 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+38 in) |


title: Maties Palau Ferré

abstract: Maties Palau Ferré (1921–2000) was a painter from Montblanc, Catalonia, Spain. He made cubist oil paintings, India ink drawings, as well as ceramics and a few sculptures. He is renowned as the painter who burned his canvases.

text:
# Maties Palau Ferré

**Maties Palau Ferré** (1921–2000) was a painter from Montblanc, Catalonia, Spain. He made cubist oil paintings, India ink drawings, as well as ceramics and a few sculptures.

He is renowned as the painter who burned his canvases.

## Life and works

He studied art in the Reial Acadèmia Catalana de Belles Arts de Sant Jordi, Barcelona. He moved to Paris in 1957. There he became a disciple of Pablo Picasso.

He exposed his artwork in many countries, including Spain, France, the United Kingdom and the United States. His most important works are titled *Dona i lluna* (woman and moon), *Montblanc* and *Guer-Blanc*. He signed his works *Palau Ferré*.

Palau Ferré was known for his sudden swings of humor and became notorious in 1974 for burning his oil paintings as a protest against the unfavorable resolution of a legal conflict he had with an art dealer. Clamoring against the "prostitution of art", he kept burning all of his paintings he was able to lay his hands on during a period of about twenty years. He used to release the ashes in the Francolí River, but some of the ashes of his oil paintings were kept and displayed in an art exhibition in Pennsylvania, US. Following his protest he stopped painting oils and didn't didn't allow that any of his works in private hands be exhibited until 1989. His last period includes only works made with ink on thick paper, following a technique of his own invention.

After his death on 1 January 2000 in Montblanc, the town hall of his birthplace honored him and named a street after him. The *Palau Ferré Art Museum* was inaugurated the following year displaying some of the few canvases that survived the destruction inflicted by their author.

## Legacy

In 2011, coinciding with the northern anniversary of his birth, the Museu d'Art Modern de Tarragona (MAMT) organizes a retrospective exhibition and the art critic Antonio Salcedo publishes Palau Ferré i el su paradís.

In 2013, a new exhibition was organized at the Cité Internationale Universitaire de Paris (CIUP) to commemorate the 60 years of the artist's stay and the seva besnedding Rosa de les Neus Marco-Palau publishes the book Palau Ferré retourne a Paris: a journey for the avant-gardes.

In 2019, the historian Francesc Marco-Palau, one of the artists, will publish the biography The painter who cremated his paintings, republished by Editorial Base in 2020, which will mark the beginning of the preparations for the commemoration of the centenary of Palau Ferré.

## Centenary Palau Ferré

After an intense effort to recover his figure carried out in 2019 and 2020, the Catalan government declared 2021 the Palau Ferré Year, an official commemoration curated by the historian Francesc Marco-Palau, the painter's great-nephew, to honor the centenary of the artist's birth. Within the framework of the Palau Ferré Year, 20 different thematic exhibitions were organized and 100 territorial actions took place throughout Catalonia, with the support of town halls, museums, libraries, entities and NGOs.

Thus, among others, the Institut français de Barcelona recalled the Parisian years of Palau Ferré; the Cervera Museum and the Cambrils History Museum detailed the artist's friendship with the writer Jaime Ferran; the Institut d'Estudis Ilerdencs links him with the Lleida regions; the Museum of Tárrega, the pictorial archetypes of him; in Igualada, his link with Central Catalonia; in L'Escala, his sardanista inspiration; at the Sarral Town Hall, his friendship with the architect Josep Puig Torné; in the Coastal Dock of the Port of Tarragona, the biographical stages of him; in the Casa de la Paraula of Santa Coloma de Farners his sculptural aspect; the Girona Art Museum, the figures with a single stroke; the Museum of History of Catalonia showed the solidarity posters of the artist; and the Museum of Rural Life the vital essence of it. The closure took place with a retrospective exhibition in the convent of Sant Francesc of Montblanc.

Also within the framework of the commemoration, the Library Service of Catalonia devised an itinerant exhibition of the centenary and, at the same time, several museums began to exhibit works by the artist: the Conca de Barberà Regional Museum, the History Museum of Girona, Museum of Reus, The Museum of Wine Cultures of Catalonia. Vinseum and Museum of Contemporary Art of Vilafamés.

In the same year, 2021, the Little Story of Matias Palau Ferré was presented, a story written by Rosa de las Neus Marco-Palau, the artist's great-niece, with drawings by Pilarín Bayés.

In 2023, the writer Màrius Serra novelized the painter's life in "The Most Painted Woman".

1. Fallece a los 78 años Maties Palau Ferré, el pintor que quemaba sus cuadros
2. Fallece a los 78 años Maties Palau Ferré, el pintor que quemaba sus cuadros
3. AADD. *Museus i Centres de Patrimoni Cultural a Catalunya.* Barcelona: Departament de Cultura de la Generalitat de Catalunya, 2010, p. 83. ISBN 84-393-5437-1


title: Yvonne Thornton

abstract: Yvonne S. Thornton is an American obstetrician-gynecologist, musician and author, best known for her memoir, The Ditchdigger's Daughters.

text:
# Yvonne Thornton

**Yvonne S. Thornton** is an American obstetrician-gynecologist, musician and author, best known for her memoir, *The Ditchdigger's Daughters*.

## Background, education and career

Dr. Thornton was born in New York City and raised in Long Branch, New Jersey as the third of five children to Donald (1925-1983) and Itasker Thornton (1915-1977), where she graduated from Long Branch High School. Her father, a ditchdigger, and a veteran of World War II, had a dream for each of his six children, all African-American girls, to become doctors. The struggle and story of this journey in spite of economic, racial and gender-based boundaries later became the subject of *The Ditchdigger's Daughters*. She cited her experiences in her childhood as being highly influential on her choice to attend medical school.

Dr. Thornton graduated from Monmouth University, and was accepted to medical school at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. During that summer, Dr. Thornton was the first contestant of color to appear on the original *Jeopardy!* with Art Fleming as host. In 1979, Dr. Thornton and her husband volunteered for active duty in the United States Navy, received her commission as Lieutenant Commander in the Medical Corps and was stationed at the National Naval Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland (Hospital of the President). In 1981, Dr. Thornton became the first Black woman in the United States to become board-certified in maternal-fetal medicine. She subsequently practiced at New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center in New York, Morristown Memorial Hospital in New Jersey and St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center in New York throughout much of the next two decades. Her expertise as a pioneer in chorionic villus sampling drew the attention of Oprah Winfrey, who first invited her on her show in 1993. In 1995, Dr. Thornton wrote *The Ditchdigger's Daughters* about her parents' dream of making their children doctors; the success of the book caught Winfrey's eye and landed Dr. Thornton a return appearance on the show. *The Ditchdigger's Daughters* was critically acclaimed, translated into 19 languages and was turned into a television movie produced by the Family Channel in 1997, for which Kimberly Elise won Best Supporting Actress at the 1997 CableACE Awards.

In 1996, Dr. Thornton received her Masters in Public Health degree in Health Policy and Management from the Columbia University School of Public Health, and in 1997 she published her second book, entitled *Woman to Woman*. She eventually rose to the rank of full professor and was appointed to the faculty of Weill Cornell Medical College as Professor of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology in 2003. She now holds the faculty position of professor emeritus of Obstetrics and Gynecology at New York Medical College.

## Personal life

Dr. Thornton married her medical school classmate Dr. Shearwood J. McClelland in 1974; he was the director of Orthopaedic Surgery at Harlem Hospital Center in Harlem, New York for 25 years. They have two children, both are physicians, Dr. Shearwood McClelland, III and Dr. Kimberly I. McClelland. She has been a resident of Teaneck, New Jersey.

## Awards and honors

Although most recognizable for the success of *The Ditchdigger's Daughters* in literature and television, Dr. Thornton has received numerous honors over the years, including several honorary doctorate degrees. Her second memoir, *Something to Prove: A Daughter's Journey to Fulfill a Father's Legacy*, was released in December 2010 and was named the Grand Prize Winner of the 2011 New York Book Festival. Dr. Thornton was named the 2013 Living Legend by the Joseph Tyler Chapter of the National Medical Association. In its 250th year, Dr. Thornton has been honored in 2017 with the Virginia Kneeland Frantz award for Distinguished Women in Medicine——the highest recognition for an alumna of Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons.

## Publications

* (2018) *A Life-Saving and Life-Taking 19th Century Medical Instrument”* The Pharos, Autumn, pp. 20–24 http://alphaomegaalpha.org/pharos/2018/Autumn/2018-4-HalperinThornton.pdf
* (2011) *Inside Information for Women: Answers to the Mysteries of the Female Body and Her Health*. Ludlow Seminars, Ltd. ISBN 978-1-60984-463-9
* (2010) *Something to Prove: A Daughter's Journey to Fulfill a Father's Legacy*, Kaplan Publishing. ISBN 1-60714-724-6
* (1997) *Woman to Woman: A Leading Gynecologist Tells You All You Need To Know About Your Body and Your Health*, Dutton Adult. ISBN 0-525-94297-1
* (1997) *Primary Care for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist*, Igaku-Shoin, New York. ISBN 0-89640-324-6
* (1995) *The Ditchdigger's Daughters: A Black Family's Astonishing Success Story*, Kensington Publishing Co. ISBN 1-55972-271-1

## InfoBox

| Yvonne S. Thornton | |
| --- | --- |
| Dr. Thornton | |
| Born | New York City, U.S. |
| Alma mater | Monmouth University
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
Columbia School of Public Health |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Obstetrics and gynecology, Maternal-fetal medicine |
|  | |
| Website | www.doctorthornton.com |


title: Matigara (community development block)

abstract: Matigara is a community development block that forms an administrative division in the Siliguri subdivision of the Darjeeling district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

text:
# Matigara (community development block)

**Matigara** is a community development block (CD block) that forms an administrative division in the Siliguri subdivision of the Darjeeling district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## Geography

Matigara is located at 26°43′0″N 88°23′0″E / 26.71667°N 88.38333°E / 26.71667; 88.38333 at an elevation of 127 m above sea level.

Matigara CD block is bounded by the Kurseong CD block on the north, Rajganj CD block in Jalpaiguri district on the east, Phansidewa CD block on the south and Naxalbari CD block on the west.

The Matigara CD block has an area of 143.00 km2. It has 1 panchayat samity, 5 gram panchayats, 123 gram sansads (village councils), 79 mouzas, 59 inhabited villages and 6 census towns. Matigara police station serves this block. Pradhan Nagar Police Station has jurisdiction over a part of the Siliguri Municipal Corporation. Headquarters of this CD block is at Bairatisal. As per map of Matigara CD block in the District Census Handbook, Matigara Police Station is shown in Matigarahat mouza and Pradhan Nagar Police Station is shown as being a part of the Siliguri Municipal Corporation area. In both the cases, the places are not named but indicated by symbols indicating PS.

Gram panchayats in Matigara CD block are: Atharakhai, Champasari, Matigara I, Matigara II and Patharghata.

## Demographics

### Population

According to the 2011 Census of India, the Matigara CD block had a total population of 197,278, of which 135,583 were rural and 61,695 were urban. There were 101,023 (51%) males and 96,255 (49%) females. There were 24,760 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The Scheduled Castes numbered 70,527 (35.75%) and the Scheduled Tribes numbered 26,484 (13.42%).

Census towns in the Matigara CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Kalkut (9,184), Tari (14,558), Bairatisal (4,916), Jitu (5,892), Mathapari (11,529) and Bara Mohansingh (15,616).

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in the Matigara CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Khaprail (4,004), Khopalasi (5,284), Pachanai (5,105), Palash (4,204), Mahishmari (6,010), Baniakhari (5,088), Kaukhali (6,615), Kalam (5,664), Patiram (8,315), Tomba (9,632), Matigarahat (4,710), Gaurcharan (4,124) and Daknikata (4,497).

Other villages in the Matigara CD block include (2011 census figures in brackets): Mohorgon Tea Garden (3,169).

### Literacy

According to the 2011 census the total number of literate persons in the Matigara CD block was 129,006 (74.78% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 72,352 (81.75% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 56,654 (67.43% of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 14.32%.

See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate

| Literacy in CD blocks of
Darjeeling district (2011) |
| --- |
| Darjeeling Sadar subdivision |
| Darjeeling Pulbazar – 80.78% |
| Rangli Rangliot – 80.50% |
| Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri – 82.54% |
| Kalimpong subdivision |
| Kalimpong I – 81.43% |
| Kalimpong II – 79.68% |
| Gorubathan – 76.88% |
| Kurseong subdivision |
| Kurseong – 81.15% |
| Mirik subdivision |
| Mirik – 80.84% |
| Siliguri subdivision |
| Matigara – 74.78% |
| Naxalbari – 75.47% |
| Phansidewa – 64.46% |
| Kharibari – 67.37% |
| Source:
2011 Census: CD Block Wise
Primary Census Abstract Data |

### Language and religion

| Religion in Matigara CD block (2011) | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | |  |  | |
| Hinduism | |  | 87.51% | |
| Christian | |  | 5.37% | |
| Islam | |  | 5.22% | |
| Buddhism | |  | 1.45% | |
| Others | |  | 0.45% | |

In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 172,637 and formed 87.51% of the population in the Matigara CD block. Christians numbered 10,591 and formed 5.37% of the population. Muslims numbered 10,305 and formed 5.22% of the population. Buddhists numbered 2,855 and formed 1.45% of the population. Others numbered 890 and formed 0.45% of the population.

Languages of Matigara CD block (2011)

Bengali (44.26%)  Hindi (12.41%)  Rajbongshi (12.22%)  Nepali (12.14%)  Sadri (10.11%)  Bhojpuri (1.42%)  'Other' Bengali (1.32%)  Others (6.12%)

At the time of the 2011 census, 44.26% of the population spoke Bengali, 12.41% Hindi, 12.22% Rajbongshi, 12.14% Nepali, 10.11% Sadri and 1.42% Bhojpuri as their first language. 1.32% were recorded as speaking 'Others' under Bengali. Other languages spoken in the district include Kurukh, Boro, Munda and Santali.

## Rural Poverty

According to the Rural Household Survey in 2005, 24.40% of the total number of families were BPL families in the Darjeeling district. According to a World Bank report, as of 2012, 4-9% of the population in Darjeeling, North 24 Parganas and South 24 Parganas districts were below poverty level, the lowest among the districts of West Bengal, which had an average 20% of the population below poverty line.

## Economy

### Livelihood

**Livelihood
in Matigara CD block**

Cultivators (2.46%)  Agricultural labourers (1.28%)  Household industries (2.34%)  Other Workers (93.92%)

In the Matigara CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 1,852 and formed 2.46%, agricultural labourers numbered 964 and formed 1.28%, household industry workers numbered 1,765 and formed 2.34% and other workers numbered 70,786 and formed 93.92%. Total workers numbered 76,367 and formed 38.20% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 121,911 and formed 61.80% of the population.

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.

### Infrastructure

There are 59 inhabited villages in the Matigara CD block, as per the *District Census Handbook*, Darjiling, 2011. 100% villages have power supply. 100% villages have drinking water supply. 6 villages (10.17%) have post offices. 57 villages (96.61%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 52 villages (88.14%) have pucca (paved) approach roads and 18 villages (30.51%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 3 villages (5.08%) have banks.

### Agriculture

In 2012-13, there were 2 fertiliser depots, 2 seed stores, 18 fair price shops in Matigara CD block.

In 2013–14, Matigara CD block produced 1,242 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop, from 784 hectares, 24 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 18 hectares, 12 tonnes of wheat from 17 hectares, 23 tonnes of maize from 10 hectares, 409 tonnes of jute from 29 hectares and 425 tonnes of potatoes from 23 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.

### Tea gardens

Darjeeling tea “received the iconic status due to its significant aroma, taste and colour… the first Indian product to be marked with the Geographical Indication (GI) tag in 2003… As per the definition, “Darjeeling Tea” can only refer to tea that has been cultivated, grown, produced, manufactured and processed in tea gardens in few specific hilly areas of the district.” Apart from the hill areas, tea is also grown in the plain areas of the terai and dooars, but such gardens are not covered under the GI tag.

As of 2009-10, there were 87 tea gardens covered under the GI tag, employing 51,091 persons. Total land under cultivation was 17,828.38 hectares and total production was 7.36 million kg. A much larger population is indirectly dependent on the tea industry in the district. The average annual production including those from the plain areas, exceeds 10 million kg.

As of 2013, Darjeeling subdivision had 46 tea estates, Kalimpong subdivision had 29 tea estates and Kurseong subdivision had 6 tea gardens. This added up to 81 tea estates in the hill areas. Bannackburn Tea Estate and Lingia Tea Estate in Darjeeling were the first to come up in 1835. Siliguri subdivision in the terai region had 45 tea estates.

### Banking

In 2012-13, Matigara CD block had offices of 9 commercial banks and 4 gramin banks.

## Transport

Matigara CD block has 5 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest railway station is 3 km from the block headquarters.

National Highway 110 /Hill Cart Road passes through Matigara CD block.

State Highway 12 passes through Matigara CD block.

## Education

In 2012-13, Matigara CD block had 120 primary schools with 15,022 students, 5 middle schools with 1,545 students, 7 high schools with 2,618 students and 7 higher secondary schools with 11,209 students. Matigara CD block had 3 general degree colleges with 3,618 students, 7 technical/ professional institutions with 2243 students, 392 institutions for special and non-formal education with 25,625 students

See also – Education in India

According to the 2011 census, in Matigara CD block, among the 59 inhabited villages, 3 villages did not have a school, 24 villages had two or more primary schools, 22 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 16 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.

## Healthcare

In 2013, Matigara CD block had 2 hospitals, 1 block primary health centres and 2 private nursing homes with total 599 beds and 83 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 15 family welfare subcentres. 75,199 patients were treated indoor and 663,066 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD block.

Matigara Block Primary Health Centre, with 10 beds at Matigarahat, is the major government medical facility in the Matigara CD block.

## InfoBox

| Matigara | |
| --- | --- |
| Community development block | |
|  | |
| Coordinates: 26°43′00″N 88°23′00″E / 26.716667°N 88.383333°E / 26.716667; 88.383333 | |
| Country | India |
| State | West Bengal |
| District | Darjeeling |
| Area | |
| Total | 143.00 km2 (55.21 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 197,278 |
| Density | 1,400/km2 (3,600/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Darjeeling |
| Vidhan Sabha constituency | Matigara-Naxalbari, Kurseong |
| Website | darjeeling.gov.in |


title: Yuko (band)

abstract: YUKO was a Ukrainian group that combined folk and contemporary music.

text:
# Yuko (band)

**YUKO** was a Ukrainian group that combined folk and contemporary music.

## Career

The group is a resident of the Masterskaya music label. In 2018, YUKO began to feature in Europe (at festivals in Poland and Hungary). In 2019, the band took part in the National Eurovision Song Contest 2019 with the song *Galyna guliala*, reaching the final.

In early 2019, on the eve of the national selection for Eurovision 2019, the Ukrainian media reported that the band "Yuko" includes Russians. According to Ukrainian journalists, Yulia Yurina is a Russian citizen who moved to Ukraine 7 years ago, but still has Russian citizenship. Only in December 2018, she received a permanent residence permit in Ukraine. It turned out that the band had concerts in Russia, but the musicians said that "we have not performed in Russia for a year."

## Members

* Yulia Yurina is a soloist of band, professional folklorist. Russian citizen.
* Stas Koroliov is a multi-instrumentalist. Previously performed with a solo project.

## Discography

* DITCH (2017)
* DURA (2018)

## InfoBox

| YUKO | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Ukraine |
| Genres | folk, pop, electronic |
| Years active | 2016–2020 |
| Labels | Masterskaya |
|  | |
| Members | Yulia Yurina<br>Stas Koroliov |


title: Matt Kemp (racing driver)

abstract: Matt Kemp is an American professional stock car racing driver who competes part-time in the ARCA Menards Series East, driving the No. 12 Toyota for Fast Track Racing, and part-time in the ARCA Menards Series, driving the No. 01 Ford for FTR.

text:
# Matt Kemp (racing driver)

**Matt Kemp** (born January 25, 1999) is an American professional stock car racing driver who competes part-time in the ARCA Menards Series East, driving the No. 12 Toyota for Fast Track Racing, and part-time in the ARCA Menards Series, driving the No. 01 Ford for FTR.

## Racing career

From 2014 to 2015, Kemp would make select starts in the Midwest Indoor Racing Series Arena-Mini Cup Division and the Vores Compact Touring Series in the North Division before making a lone start in the Great Lakes Super Mini Cup Series.

In 2019, Kemp would run full-time in the Midwest Classic Racers Series, driving the No. 1a entry, where he would win one race at South Bend Motor Speedway and would finish in the top-ten in all the races on the schedule on his way to finish third in the points standings. He would go on to finish second in the points and win six races between 2020 and 2021. In 2022, Kemp would win seven races and would once again finish in the top-ten in every race, and would go on to win the championship over Troy Hoffman by over fifty points.

In 2023, Kemp would make his debut in the ARCA Menards Series at Berlin Raceway, driving the No. 12 Ford for Fast Track Racing, where he would start twelfth and finish thirteenth due to issue with the rear end of the car. He would then make another start at Iowa Speedway, where he would also make his ARCA Menards Series East debut, as it was a combination event with the main ARCA series. He would start fifteenth but finish nineteenth after 29 laps due to mechanical issues. He then made another start at Kansas Speedway, this time driving the No. 11, where he finished twentieth due to vibrations in the car.

In 2024, it was announced that Kemp will return to the East Series at Flat Rock Speedway, once again driving for Fast Track Racing. He had previously tested with the team at the pre-season test at Daytona International Speedway, where he placed 47th in the overall results between the two testing days.

## Motorsports results

### ARCA Menards Series

(key) (**Bold** – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. *Italics* – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)

| ARCA Menards Series results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Team | No. | Make | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | AMSC | Pts | Ref |
| 2023 | Fast Track Racing | 12 | Ford | DAY | PHO | TAL | KAN | CLT | BLN
13 | ELK | MOH | IOW
19 | POC | MCH | IRP | GLN | ISF | MLW | DSF |  | | | | 45th | 80 |  |
| | | 11 | Toyota | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KAN
20 | BRI | SLM | TOL |
| 2024 | | 10 | DAY | PHO | TAL | DOV | KAN | CLT | IOW | MOH | BLN
17 | IRP | SLM | ELK | MCH | ISF | MLW | DSF | GLN | BRI | KAN |  | 70th | 50 |  |
| | | | | | 01 | Ford |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TOL
21 |

#### ARCA Menards Series East

| ARCA Menards Series East results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Team | No. | Make | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | AMSEC | Pts | Ref |
| 2023 | Fast Track Racing | 12 | Ford | FIF | DOV | NSV | FRS | IOW
19 | IRP | MLW | BRI | 51st | 25 |  |
| 2024 | | | Toyota | FIF | DOV | NSV | FRS
6 | IOW | IRP | MLW | BRI | 41st | 38 |  |

Matt Kemp driver statistics at Racing-Reference

## InfoBox

| Matt Kemp | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1999-01-25) January 25, 1999
Sawyer, Michigan |
| ARCA Menards Series career | |
| 5 races run over 2 years | |
| ARCA no., team | Nos. 01/10 (Fast Track Racing) |
| Best finish | 45th (2023) |
| First race | 2023 Herr's Snacks 200 (Berlin) |
| Last race | 2024 Owens Corning 200 (Toledo) |
| Wins Top tens Poles  0 0 0 | |
|  | |
| ARCA Menards Series East career | |
| 2 races run over 2 years | |
| ARCA East no., team | No. 12 (Fast Track Racing) |
| Best finish | 41st (2024) |
| First race | 2023 Calypso Lemonade 150 (Iowa) |
| Last race | 2024 Dutch Boy 150 (Flat Rock) |
| Wins Top tens Poles  0 1 0 | |
|  | |
| *Statistics current as of October 7, 2024.* | |


title: Orthophytum braunii

abstract: Orthophytum braunii is a plant species in the genus Orthophytum. This species is endemic to Brazil.

text:
# Orthophytum braunii

***Orthophytum braunii*** is a plant species in the genus *Orthophytum*. This species is endemic to Brazil.

* Martinelli, Gustavo; Vieira, Cláudia Magalhães; Gonzalez, Marcos; Leitman, Paula; Piratininga, Andréa; Costa, Andrea Ferreira da; Forzza, Rafaela Campostrini (January 2008). "Bromeliaceae da Mata Atlântica Brasileira: lista de espécies, distribuição e conservação" \[Bromeliaceae of the brazilian Atlantic Forest: checklist, distribution and conservation\]. *Rodriguésia* (in Brazilian Portuguese). **59** (1): 209–258. doi:10.1590/2175-7860200859114. JSTOR 23499386.

## InfoBox

| *Orthophytum braunii* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Bromeliaceae |
| Genus: | *Orthophytum* |
| Species: | ***O. braunii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Orthophytum braunii***<br>Leme | |
|


title: Fred Tumbo

abstract: Fred Mogaka Tumbo is a Kenyan long-distance runner who specializes in the marathon. In 2006 he won the silver medal in the marathon at the Commonwealth Games, and finished seventeenth at the inaugural World Road Running Championships. His personal best time in the half marathon is 1:01:14 hours, achieved in March 2004 in Paris; and his personal best time in the marathon is 2:12:03 hours, achieved at the 2006 Commonwealth Games.

text:
# Fred Tumbo

**Fred Mogaka Tumbo** (born 18 June 1978) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who specializes in the marathon.

In 2006 he won the silver medal in the marathon at the Commonwealth Games, and finished seventeenth at the inaugural World Road Running Championships.

His personal best time in the half marathon is 1:01:14 hours, achieved in March 2004 in Paris; and his personal best time in the marathon is 2:12:03 hours, achieved at the 2006 Commonwealth Games.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Representing  Kenya | | | | | |
| 2004 | Paris Half Marathon | Paris, France | 1st | Half marathon | 1:01:14 |
| 2004 | Hastings Half Marathon | Hastings, England | 1st | Half marathon | 1:04:22 |
| 2005 | Hastings Half Marathon | Hastings, England | 1st | Half marathon | 1:04:10 |
| 2007 | Los Angeles Marathon | Los Angeles, United States | 1st | Marathon | 2:17:14 |


abstract: The Office for the Prevention and Investigation of Accidents in Civil Aviation and Rail is the Portuguese aviation and rail accident and incident investigation authority. The agency is headquartered in Lisbon. It is subordinate to the Ministry of Public Works, Transport and Communications.

text:
# Office for the Prevention and Investigation of Accidents in Civil Aviation and Rail

The **Office for the Prevention and Investigation of Accidents in Civil Aviation and Rail** (***Gabinete de Prevenção e Investição de Acidentes com Aeronaves e de Acidentes Ferroviários***, **GPIAAF**, "Office of Prevention and Investigation of Aircraft Accidents and Rail Accidents") is the Portuguese aviation and rail accident and incident investigation authority. The agency is headquartered in Lisbon. It is subordinate to the Ministry of Public Works, Transport and Communications.

## InfoBox

Office for the Prevention and Investigation of Accidents in Civil Aviation and Rail
| Gabinete de Prevenção e Investição de Acidentes com Aeronaves e de Acidentes Ferroviários | |
| --- | --- |
| Aviation accident and incident investigation authority overview | |
| Jurisdiction | Portugal |
| Headquarters | Lisbon |
| Parent department | Ministry of Public Works, Transport and Communications |
| Website | Gabinete de Prevenção e Investigação de Acidentes com Aeronaves (Portuguese) |


title: Hubert Buchanan

abstract: Hubert E. Buchanan is a former United States Air Force captain and fighter pilot in the Vietnam War who was shot down, captured, and spent 2,362 days as a prisoner of war in Hanoi and surrounding areas. He was one of the first American POWs to return to Vietnam after the war, and visited the man credited with his capture.

text:
# Hubert Buchanan

**Hubert E. Buchanan** (born April 24, 1941) is a former United States Air Force captain and fighter pilot in the Vietnam War who was shot down, captured, and spent 2,362 days as a prisoner of war in Hanoi and surrounding areas. He was one of the first American POWs to return to Vietnam after the war, and visited the man credited with his capture.

## Early life

Buchanan was born in Scottsburg, Indiana, to Mary and Hubert Buchanan. He graduated from Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

## Military service

Buchanan entered Officer Training School on February 14, 1964, earning his commission as a second lieutenant in the U.S. Air Force at Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, on May 12, 1964. Buchanan next attended Undergraduate Pilot Training and was awarded his pilot wings at Laredo Air Force Base, Texas, in June 1965, followed by Pilot Systems Operator Training and F-4 Phantom II Combat Crew Training from June to December 1965. His next assignment was as an F-4 Pilot Systems Operator with the 16th Tactical Fighter Squadron at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, from December 1965 to August 1966, followed by service as an F-4 Pilot Systems Operator with the 555th Tactical Fighter Squadron at Ubon Royal Thai Air Force Base, Thailand, from August 1966.

### Dogfight and Ejection

On 16 September 1966, Major John L. "Robbie" Robertson, pilot, and then-First Lieutenant Buchanan, weapons systems operator, comprised the crew of the #3 aircraft (F-4C-20-MC, s/n 63-7643) in a flight of four, call sign "Moonglow 3". This was Major Robertson's 29th day in Southeast Asia and 1st Lt. Buchanan's 17th mission. The flight departed Ubon at 15:00 hours to conduct an armed reconnaissance mission against the Dap Cau Railroad and Highway Bridge located approximately 17 miles (27 km) southeast of Kép Air Base, between the major cities of Hanoi and Haiphong, North Vietnam. Shortly after the flight departed Ubon, one of the Phantoms developed fuel problems and was forced to return to base. The rest of the flight continued with their mission.

At 15:40, Moonglow flight was nearing their target when they were engaged in aerial combat by a flight of four MiG-17s. The Phantoms jettisoned their external ordinance before engaging the enemy fighters. As the dogfight progressed, Roscoe Epperson, a good friend of Major Robertson who was flying an air cover for another mission, recognized Robbie Robertson's voice over the radio and listened to the transmissions of the air battle. He heard Major Robertson state, "This is Moonglow 3, I see the MiGs. I am engaging MiGs!" He heard the entire battle from sighting the enemy aircraft through the dogfight. He also heard his friend report, "I am hit, and I'm heading for the water!" In the chaos of battle, no parachutes were seen and no emergency radio beepers were heard. Because of the location being deep within enemy-held territory, no search and rescue (SAR) operation was possible. At the time of loss both Robbie Robertson and Hugh Buchanan were listed missing in action.

Moonglow flight had been jumped by a flight of four MiG-17s that launched from Gia Lam Air Base on the northeast edge of Hanoi. The #3 MiG was flown by North Vietnamese ace Nguyễn Văn Bảy, who was credited with seven kills by the end of the war. In a 1997 meeting between the North Vietnamese pilot and Ralph Wetterhahn, another friend of Robbie Robertson who was also assigned to this strike mission and flying in another flight of F4C aircraft from the 555 TFS, the following information was established. The MiGs were scrambled early in the afternoon. Nguyen Van Bay was the first one to spot the American flight far ahead of them. He asked permission to attack the Phantoms. The MiG's flight leader gave permission to give chase, but expressed doubt that they could catch the much faster American aircraft. As the MiG-17s moved toward the Phantoms, Nguyễn Văn Bảy saw Moonglow 3 initiate a climbing left turn. That turning maneuver allowed the MiG pilot to cut the diameter of the circle and close the distance between the opposing aircraft to 100 to 150 meters (330 to 490 ft) to achieve an appropriate angle of attack. Nguyễn Văn Bảy aimed, then fired his 37mm and 23mm cannons at the Phantom.

Buchanan reported to Robertson, "This guy's pulling right in on us. He's going to shoot any time now." At that moment a salvo of orange golf ball-size rounds passed over Moonglow 3's canopies. Robbie Robertson pulled hard on the stick, then eased his turn. Hugh Buchanan saw the MiG close again. He said, "This is going to be it. He's corrected the problem."

Nguyễn Văn Bảy lined up, fired again and saw a wheel come out from beneath the F4's wing and sail past his canopy. For 1st Lt. Buchanan everything went black. According to the WSO, "It could have been from so many G forces pulling the blood away from my eyes, I'm not sure. My helmet was bouncing around - I really don't have a clear memory of ejecting, however, I do sort of have a dream - I can kind of imagine pulling the handle the F4 had between your legs." He went on to say, "I also ejected so I must have done it. I could hear loud booms, like the canopy blowing off. And I felt the wind. The next thing I knew, my parachute was opening. When I got down low, I could see people running around on the ground in a little village. I could see a guy off to the right. He looked like he had a uniform on and a rifle and he was running in my direction."

Nguyễn Văn Bảy sped away from the burning Phantom, then rolled back to take a look. He watched the aircraft pitch down in flames. He made a note of seeing one parachute as he turned his attention to the remaining US aircraft. Later that day, the Foreign Broadcast Information Service in Okinawa translated a Hanoi broadcast that announced the downing of two US aircraft in the area where Moonglow 3 was lost. About a month later, Radio Hanoi announced the names of three captured Americans, one of whom was Hubert Buchanan. At that time Buchanan's status was updated from "Missing in Action" to Prisoner of War.

### Capture

Buchanan ejected over the Red River Delta and landed in a small village where approximately 100 villagers awaited and quickly disarmed him. While some villagers were armed with rifles and machetes, most were unarmed and even fetched Buchanan drinking water. A farmer named Le Cong Su was officially credited by the North Vietnamese government for Buchanan's capture. After hours of holding Buchanan in the village, a political officer arrived to collect Buchanan from the villagers. The political officer roused the crowd to become angry and paraded Buchanan around through many villages encouraging people to be violent with him, some tried to kill him.

After several hours, Buchanan was taken to Hanoi's Hỏa Lò Prison also known as the "Hanoi Hilton."

### Prisoner of War

Upon arrival at the prison camp, Buchanan was taken into interrogation where political officers attempted to solicit classified information regarding future air strike targets. Interrogators used torture to extract information, but Buchanan resisted. He later remarked that his initial interrogation was remarkably similar to conditions for which he was prepared in the Air Force SERE program.

> I arrived at the prison camp and they took me in for interrogation, I almost laughed because it was an exact copy of survival school's interrogation office. The only difference was a picture of Ho Chi Minh instead of Lenin. A short stool to sit on, a blue cloth over a desk, it was completely the same.
>
> Hubert Buchanan, August 9, 2014,

Initially, Buchanan was regularly subjected to various forms of torture and beatings in attempts to elicit military secrets. Buchanan spent the first six months of captivity in solitary confinement.

Buchanan was later awarded the Silver Star (second award), Legion of Merit, and Bronze Star medals for resisting the demands of his captors in the face of "harassment, intimidation, crulties... and torture"

## Post-war return to Vietnam

In December 1991, Japanese television company Mirai, USA offered to send Buchanan back to Vietnam as part of an ongoing series about MIAs.

> The sun is setting over the hills of Cong Hoa village. Buchanan arrives in an Army Jeep bearing photographs of his four children and stuffed animals, chewing gum and candy for a new generation of Vietnamese children. But the old generation is there, too, giving him a warm welcome.
>
> "As we drove up, it was 4 p.m.," Buchanan says. "The day I was captured, I hit the ground just about 4 p.m. It was totally unplanned. It just happened that way. The whole village was there. It looked just about like it did 25 years ago. The scenery was remarkably unchanged.
>
> "Some guy came walking up wearing a Boston Red Sox hat. . . . I said: 'Wait a minute. I got to get a picture next to this guy.' He had no idea of what the hat said. But it's so ironic to be there in this place halfway around the world with a guy standing there wearing a Boston Red Sox hat."
>
> He and the villagers laugh a lot when a Japanese television crew photographs him with Le Cong Su, his capturer.
>
> Su was on the lower side of a hill, which made him look even smaller. "Wait a minute," Buchanan yells. "Put him on the high side. He's supposed to look real fierce. He captured me.
>
> "Come over here," Buchanan shouts. "You're supposed to be big and fierce because you captured me."
>
> Buchanan spends two hours in the village. The shadows signal it is time to leave. Su doesn't want the evening to end. "You can stay with me and we'll get a chicken and get something to drink," he tells Buchanan through an interpreter. "We can talk more."
>
> George Esper, "Healing War's Wounds: Today, Veterans Return to Vietnam to Find the Enemy Gone", *Los Angeles Times*

## InfoBox

| Hubert E. Buchanan | |
| --- | --- |
| Buchanan in 1973 in Austin, Indiana, after being released from captivity | |
| Born | Hubert Elliot Buchanan
(1941-04-24) April 24, 1941
Scottsburg, Indiana, United States |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation(s) | Fighter Pilot, Airline Pilot |
| Spouse | Lauren Buchanan |
| Children | Ashley
Jennifer
Lindsay
Christopher |
|  | |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance | United States of America |
| Service/branch | United States Air Force |
| Years of service | 1964–1973 |
| Rank | Captain |
| Battles/wars | Vietnam War |
| Awards | Silver Star (2)
Legion of Merit
Bronze Star (w/ "V" device)
Purple Heart (2)
Air Medal (2)
Prisoner of War Medal |
|  | |


title: Yuji Sonoda

abstract: Yuji Sonoda Yuji Sonoda is a Japanese former rugby union player and currently coach. He played as scrum-half. He is the current coach of Hosei University RFC. He is nicknamed "Son".

text:
# Yuji Sonoda

**Yuji Sonoda** (苑田 右二, *Sonoda Yūji*, born 5 July 1973 in Osaka) is a Japanese former rugby union player and currently coach. He played as scrum-half. He is the current coach of Hosei University RFC. He is nicknamed "Son".

## Career

Before becoming a rugby union player, Sonoda played baseball, but he started rugby union while attending Hirakata Daisan Junior High School, playing initially as centre. He later became a scrum-half playing for Josho Keiko Gakuen High School. Three years later, he won the National High School Rugby Tournament in Hanazono. Sonoda also was selected as high school representative for Japan.

Since his first year at Hosei University, he was a regular player in the All-Japan University Rugby Championships. Two years later, Hosei was runner-up in the tournament. Sonoda was named as captain four years later and would be selected as a university representative for Japan.

After his graduation from university, Sonoda joined Kobe Steel. Since joining the team, Sonoda suffered injuries such as left wrist fractures and left knee ligament injuries, and Masami Horikoshi was already the starting scrum-half, so Sonoda could not have the opportunity to participate in the match.

In the 1999 season, he played an active role in filling the place of Horikoshi after the latter left the team, and played as a regular. From the 2002 season, Sonoda served as the captain for Kobe Steel.

In the 2009 season, Sonoda served the team as player-coach and retired as a player after the season.

From the 2010 season, Sonoda was appointed as head coach for Kobelco Steelers. He left the team after the 2013 season. From 2016, Sonoda became the head coach of Hosei University RFC.

### International career

Sonoda received his first cap for Japan during the test match against Fiji in Tokyo, on 20 May 2000. He was also part of the Japanese squad coached by Shogo Mukai for the 2003 Rugby World Cup, playing four matches at the tournament, with the pool stage match against United States, in Gosford, on 27 October 2003 being his last international test cap.

## InfoBox

Yuji Sonoda
| Birth name | Yuji Sonoda |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1973-07-05) 5 July 1973 |
| Place of birth | Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan |
| Height | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) |
| Weight | 84 kg (185 lb; 13.2 st) |
| School | Hirakata Daisan Junior High School<br>Josho Keiko Gakuen High School |
| University | Hosei University |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Scrum-half  Youth career  19??-19?? Hosei University RFC  Senior career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1999-2011 Kobe Steel Kobelco Steelers   ()  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2000-2003 Japan  18  (10)  Coaching career  **Years** **Team**  2009-2014  Kobe Steel Kobelco Steelers | |


title: María José Frápolli

abstract: María José Frápolli Sanz is a Spanish philosopher. As of 2022, she is professor of Logic and Philosophy of Science at the University of Granada. Her work is focused on the philosophy of language and the philosophy of logic.

text:
# María José Frápolli

**María José Frápolli Sanz** (Madrid, February 4, 1960) is a Spanish philosopher. As of 2022, she is professor of Logic and Philosophy of Science at the University of Granada. Her work is focused on the philosophy of language and the philosophy of logic.

## Education and career

The second of five sisters, María José Frápolli was born in Madrid on February 4, 1960. Her undergraduate work was at the University of Granada where she specialized in philosophy. Frápolli went on to defend a doctorate at the University of Granada in 1987 with a thesis entitled *La matematización del infinito. La emergencia de la teoría de conjuntos en la obra de G. Cantor*. In 1992, she obtained a tenure-track faculty position, and she was promoted to professor in 2008.

From 1998 until 2001, she was the head of the philosophy department at the University of Granada. Between 2006 and 2012 she was president of the Spanish Society for Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science. From 2015 to 2017, she was Marie Sklodowska-Curie Fellow at the Department of Philosophy, University College London, and until 2020 Honorary Professor at the same department. She currently holds the presidency of the Society for Women in Philosophy (Analytic, Spain). She has had research stays at the universities of Coventry, Bristol, Miami, Helsinki and Oxford.

## Selected work

In 1998, Frápolli published the book *Una aproximación a la filosofía del lenguaje* together with her colleague Esther Romero; this book was reviewed by *Theoria*. In 2012, she published the book *The Nature of Truth: An Updated Approach to the Meaning of Truth Ascriptions*; this was reviewed by *Teorema*.

## Selected publications

M.J. Frápolli (forthcoming), The Priority of Propositions. A Pragmatist Philosophy of Science. Synthese Library

M.J. Frápolli (2019), Expressivisms, Knowledge and Truth. Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplements 86. Cambridge University Press

M.J. Frápolli (2007): Saying, Meaning, and Referring: Essays on François Recanati's Philosophy of Language, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire (UK), Palgrave Studies in Pragmatics, Language and Cognition

M.J. Frápolli (2005): F. P. Ramsey. Critical Reassessments. Londres (UK), Thoemmes Continuum

M.J. Frápolli and Esther Romero (2003): Meaning, Basic Self-Knowledge, and Mind. Essays on Tyler Burge, Stanford (USA), Center for the Study of Language and Information

Frápolli, M. J. (2022), “Truth in Pragmatism. Dewey and Brandom face to face”. Análisis. Revista de Investigación Filosófica Frapolli, M. J. (2022), “Tracking the World Down. How Inferentialism Accounts for Objective Truth”. Philosophical Topics 50 (1): 83-107

Frápolli Sanz, M. J. & Navarro Laespada, L. (2021), “I am large, I contain multitudes: Epistemic pragmatism, testimonial injustice and positive intersectionalism”. Daimon, 84, 115-129.

Frápolli Sanz, M . J. & Pérez Navarro, E. (2021), Introduction to Expressing Hatred: The Political Dimension of Expressives. Daimon, 84, 5-9. M. J. Frápolli y José Andrés Forero-Mora (2021), “Show me. Tractarian Non-Representationalism”. Teorema, vol. XL/2, pp. 00-00 M. J. Frápolli (2021), “Has Inferentialism left any scope for logical theory?” Academia Letters, article 457

Frapolli Sanz, M. J. (2019), “Ramsey in Belief and Truth”. En Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (MacBride, Fraser, Marion, Mathieu, Frápolli, María José, Edgington, Dorothy, Elliott, Edward, Lutz, Sebastian and Paris, Jeffrey, "Frank Ramsey", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2019 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = \<https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2019/entries/ramsey/\>.)

* Frápolli, María José (2013). *The nature of truth: an updated approach to the meaning of truth ascriptions*. Dordrecht: Springer. ISBN 978-94-007-4464-6. OCLC 806230398.
* Frápolli, María José. (1998). *Una aproximación a la filosofía del lenguaje*. Esther Romero. Madrid: Editorial Síntesis. ISBN 84-7738-568-8. OCLC 43521452.
* *Teorías contemporáneas de la verdad*. Juan Antonio Nicolás, María José Frápolli (2nd ed.). Madrid: Tecnos. 2012. ISBN 978-84-309-5276-2. OCLC 796309382.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: others (link)

## InfoBox

| María José Frápolli | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1960-02-04) February 4, 1960<br>Madrid |
| Nationality | Spanish |
| Education | University of Granada |
| Occupation(s) | University professor and philosopher |
| Employer | University of Granada |


title: Lužan Biškupečki

abstract: Lužan Biškupečki is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D3 highway.

text:
# Lužan Biškupečki

**Lužan Biškupečki** is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D3 highway.

## InfoBox

| Lužan Biškupečki | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Lužan BiškupečkiLocation of Lužan Biškupečki in Croatia | |
| Coordinates: 46°13′N 16°21′E / 46.217°N 16.350°E / 46.217; 16.350 | |
| Country | Croatia |
| County | Varaždin County |
| Municipality | Gornji Kneginec |
| Area | |
| Total | 3.3 km2 (1.3 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 356 |
| Density | 110/km2 (280/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 42204 Turčin |
| Area code | +385 (0)42 |


title: Pentaplaris huaoranica

abstract: Pentaplaris huaoranica is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae. It is found only in Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

text:
# Pentaplaris huaoranica

***Pentaplaris huaoranica*** is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae. It is found only in Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

## InfoBox

| *Pentaplaris huaoranica* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malvales |
| Family: | Malvaceae |
| Genus: | *Pentaplaris* |
| Species: | ***P. huaoranica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pentaplaris huaoranica***
Dorr & C.Bayer | |
|


title: Pemberton Music Festival

abstract: Pemberton Music Festival was an annual four-day music festival that took place near Mount Currie in Pemberton, British Columbia. Produced by Huka Entertainment, the 2016 event took place on July 14–17. The festival features multiple stages of live entertainment, including rock, indie rock, hip hop, electronic, heavy metal, and comedy. On April 28, 2017, HUKA Entertainment announced the 2017 lineup. It was to include Chance The Rapper, Muse, A Tribe Called Quest, Major Lazer, Run the Jewels, HAIM, Big Sean and others. On May 18, 2017, it was announced the festival was cancelled and it had filed for bankruptcy. Ernst & Young were appointed as the 'Trustee in Bankruptcy'. Rising costs from the lower Canadian dollar and ticket sales were factors in the decision to file. Ticket holders and creditors were not expected to get a full refund or payment. They will be creditors in the bankruptcy.

text:
# Pemberton Music Festival

**Pemberton Music Festival** was an annual four-day music festival that took place near Mount Currie in Pemberton, British Columbia. Produced by Huka Entertainment, the 2016 event took place on July 14–17. The festival features multiple stages of live entertainment, including rock, indie rock, hip hop, electronic, heavy metal, and comedy.

On April 28, 2017, HUKA Entertainment announced the 2017 lineup. It was to include Chance The Rapper, Muse, A Tribe Called Quest, Major Lazer, Run the Jewels, HAIM, Big Sean and others.

On May 18, 2017, it was announced the festival was cancelled and it had filed for bankruptcy. Ernst & Young were appointed as the 'Trustee in Bankruptcy'. Rising costs from the lower Canadian dollar and ticket sales were factors in the decision to file. Ticket holders and creditors were not expected to get a full refund or payment. They will be creditors in the bankruptcy.

## 2014 lineup

## 2015 lineup

**Later added**:

## 2016 lineup

## 2017 lineup

The 2017 festival was cancelled. This was the proposed lineup.

## InfoBox

| Pemberton Music Festival | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | rock, indie rock, hip hop, electronic, heavy metal, comedy |
| Location(s) | Pemberton, BC, Canada |
| Years active | 2014–2016 |
| Founders | HUKA Entertainment |
| Website | pembertonmusicfestival.com |