title: Howatharra, Western Australia

abstract:
Howatharra is a small town in the Mid West region of Western Australia, between Geraldton and Binnu. It is situated just off the North West Coastal Highway and on the Oakagee River. The town was originally a railway siding on the Northampton railway line that was established in 1908 after the surrounding land was opened up for agriculture in the early 1900s. It was located 17 miles and 56 chains from Geraldton, on the line.
Initially the town was known as Howatharra and also Webb's Siding and was gazetted as the former in 1909.
A progress association was formed in 1910. The town's name is Aboriginal in origin, and is the local name for a nearby spring.

text:
# Howatharra, Western Australia

**Howatharra** is a small town in the Mid West region of Western Australia, between Geraldton and Binnu. It is situated just off the North West Coastal Highway and on the Oakagee River.

The town was originally a railway siding on the Northampton railway line that was established in 1908 after the surrounding land was opened up for agriculture in the early 1900s. It was located 17 miles and 56 chains from Geraldton, on the line. Initially the town was known as Howatharra and also **Webb's Siding** and was gazetted as the former in 1909. A progress association was formed in 1910.

The town's name is Aboriginal in origin, and is the local name for a nearby spring.

## InfoBox

| Howatharra
Western Australia | |
| --- | --- |
| Howatharra | |
|  | |
| Coordinates | 28°32′S 114°58′E / 28.533°S 114.967°E / -28.533; 114.967 |
| Population | 112 (SAL 2021) |
| Area | 90 km2 (35 sq mi) |
| Location |  |
| LGA(s) | Shire of Chapman Valley |
| State electorate(s) | Moore |
| Federal division(s) | Durack |


title: Hotfoot 27

abstract: The Hotfoot 27 is a Canadian sailboat that was designed by Doug Hemphill as racer-cruiser and first built in 1981.

text:
# Hotfoot 27

The **Hotfoot 27** is a Canadian sailboat that was designed by Doug Hemphill as racer-cruiser and first built in 1981.

## Production

The design was built by Hotfoot Boats in Canada, but the company is no longer in business and the boat design is now out of production.

## Design

The Hotfoot 27 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fibreglass, with wood trim. It has a fractional sloop rig, a raked stem, a vertical transom, a transom-hung rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed fin keel. It displaces 3,600 lb (1,633 kg) and carries 1,500 lb (680 kg) of ballast.

The boat has a draft of 5.50 ft (1.68 m) with the standard keel fitted. The fresh water tank has a capacity of 12 U.S. gallons (45 L; 10.0 imp gal). The boat is normally fitted with a small outboard motor for docking and maneuvering. The motor is mounted in the starboard lazarette and can be swung up when not in use and the hull opening covered with a hatch.

The boat's galley is located on the starboard side. It includes a sink and a single-burner alcohol stove, which both slide under the cockpit for stowage. The head is a chemical type and is located forward, just aft of the bow "V"-berth, forward of the bulkhead. Additional sleeping space is provided in the cabin, with two berths. A chart table is located on the port side and also stows under the cockpit when not in use.

Standard equipment includes a spinnaker and associated gear, an outboard motor bracket, headfoil (a headsail airfoil-shaped reinforcement) and a compass. The boat's controls all can be actuated from the cockpit and include internally-mounted halyards. The cockpit has two genoa winches and two winches for the halyards. There is a 4:1 internal outhaul, an 8:1 boom vang and adjustable backstay and running backstays.

The design has a PHRF racing average handicap of 147 with a high of 152 and low of 138. It has a hull speed of 6.29 kn (11.65 km/h).

## Operational history

In a review Richard Sherwood wrote, "the Hotfoot is a new design that is selling well in Victoria, B.C., and starting to move south. Keel and rudder are both deep to assist to windward, often a problem with boats this light. The running backstays are unusual. The manufacturers feel that they are needed for shaping the sail, not for keeping the rig up."

**Similar sailboats**

## InfoBox

Hotfoot 27
| Development | |
| --- | --- |
| Designer | Doug Hemphill |
| Location | Canada |
| Year | 1981 |
| Builder(s) | Hotfoot Boats |
| Name | Hotfoot 27 |
| Boat | |
| Displacement | 3,600 lb (1,633 kg) |
| Draft | 5.50 ft (1.68 m) |
| Hull | |
| Type | Monohull |
| Construction | Fibreglass |
| LOA | 27.00 ft (8.23 m) |
| LWL | 22.00 ft (6.71 m) |
| Beam | 9.33 ft (2.84 m) |
| Engine type | Outboard motor |
| Hull appendages | |
| Keel/board type | fin keel |
| Ballast | 1,500 lb (680 kg) |
| Rudder(s) | transom-mounted rudder |
| Rig | |
| Rig type | Bermuda rig |
| foretriangle height | 29.08 ft (8.86 m) |
| foretriangle base | 9.75 ft (2.97 m) |
| mainsail luff | 31.50 ft (9.60 m) |
| mainsail foot | 13.00 ft (3.96 m) |
| Sails | |
| Sailplan | Fractional rigged sloop |
| Mainsail area | 204.75 sq ft (19.022 m2) |
| Jib/genoa area | 141.77 sq ft (13.171 m2) |
| Total sail area | 346.52 sq ft (32.193 m2) |
| Racing | |
| PHRF | 147 (average) |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Hot and Bothered (A Re-Creation)

abstract: Hot and Bothered is an album by American bandleader Mercer Ellington recorded in 1984 and released on the Doctor Jazz label the following year. The album features Duke Ellington compositions that were originally recorded in the 1920s and 30s performed by a mix of east and west coast musicians.

text:
# Hot and Bothered (A Re-Creation)

***Hot and Bothered (A Re-Creation)*** is an album by American bandleader Mercer Ellington recorded in 1984 and released on the Doctor Jazz label the following year. The album features Duke Ellington compositions that were originally recorded in the 1920s and 30s performed by a mix of east and west coast musicians.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Allmusic* |  |

Allmusic awarded the album 4 stars and the review by Scott Yanow stated "Probably the best example of the Mercer Ellington Orchestra of the 1980s, this LP has new and revised versions of nine vintage Duke Ellington compositions/arrangements, all dating before 1935. ... this is a spirited set. There were few of Duke's alumni in Mercer's band but the many soloists bring back the spirit of Duke's music".

## Track listing

All compositions by Duke Ellington except where noted

1. "Hot and Bothered" – 3:05
2. "The Mooche" (Ellington, Irving Mills) – 5:33
3. "Creole Love Call" – 3:01
4. "Daybreak Express" – 3:55
5. "East St. Louis Toodle-Oo" (Ellington, Bubber Miley) – 3:10
6. "Caravan" (Ellington, Juan Tizol, Mills) – 2:34
7. "Echoes of Harlem" – 3:25
8. "Ring Dem Bells" (Ellington, Mills) – 2:43
9. "Harlem Speaks" – 2:45

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Hot and Bothered (A Re-Creation) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Mercer Ellington | |
| Released | 1985 |
| Recorded | June 22, 1984 |
| Studio | Los Angeles |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 33:35 |
| Label | Doctor Jazz
FW 40029 |
| Producer | Mercer Ellington, Bob Thiele |
| Mercer Ellington chronology | |
| *Continuum*
(1975) ***Hot and Bothered (A Re-Creation)***
(1985) *The Cotton Connection*
(1985) | |


title: Hot air engine

abstract: A hot air engine is any heat engine that uses the expansion and contraction of air under the influence of a temperature change to convert thermal energy into mechanical work. These engines may be based on a number of thermodynamic cycles encompassing both open cycle devices such as those of Sir George Cayley and John Ericsson and the closed cycle engine of Robert Stirling. Hot air engines are distinct from the better known internal combustion based engine and steam engine. In a typical implementation, air is repeatedly heated and cooled in a cylinder and the resulting expansion and contraction are used to move a piston and produce useful mechanical work.

text:
# Hot air engine

A **hot air engine** (historically called an **air engine** or **caloric engine**) is any heat engine that uses the expansion and contraction of air under the influence of a temperature change to convert thermal energy into mechanical work. These engines may be based on a number of thermodynamic cycles encompassing both open cycle devices such as those of Sir George Cayley and John Ericsson and the closed cycle engine of Robert Stirling. Hot air engines are distinct from the better known internal combustion based engine and steam engine.

In a typical implementation, air is repeatedly heated and cooled in a cylinder and the resulting expansion and contraction are used to move a piston and produce useful mechanical work.

## Definition

The term "hot air engine" specifically excludes any engine performing a thermodynamic cycle in which the working fluid undergoes a phase transition, such as the Rankine cycle. Also excluded are conventional internal combustion engines, in which heat is added to the working fluid by combustion of fuel within the working cylinder. Continuous combustion types, such as George Brayton's Ready Motor and the related gas turbine, could be seen as borderline cases.

## History

The expansive property of heated air was known to the ancients. Hero of Alexandria's *Pneumatica* describes devices that might be used to automatically open temple doors when a fire was lit on a sacrificial altar. Devices called hot air engines, or simply *air engines*, have been recorded from as early as 1699. In 1699, Guillaume Amontons (1663–1705) presented, to the Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris, a report on his invention: a wheel that was made to turn by heat. The wheel was mounted vertically. Around the wheel's hub were water-filled chambers. Air-filled chambers on the wheel's rim were heated by a fire under one side of the wheel. The heated air expanded and, via tubes, forced water from one chamber to another, unbalancing the wheel and causing it to turn.

See:

* Amontons (20 June 1699) "Moyen de substituer commodement l'action du feu, à la force des hommes et des chevaux pour mouvoir les machines" (Means of conveniently substituting the action of fire for the force of men and horses in order to move \[i.e., power\] machines), *Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences*, pages 112-126. The *Mémoires* appear in the *Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences, année 1699*, which was published in 1732. The operation of Amontons' *moulin à feu* (fire mill) is explained on pages 123-126; his machine is illustrated on the plate following page 126.
* For an account of Amontons' fire-powered wheel in English, see: Robert Stuart, *Historical and Descriptive Anecdotes of Steam-engines and of Their Inventors and Improvers* (London, England: Wightman and Cramp, 1829), vol. 1, pages 130-132; an illustration of the machine appears on around the time when the laws of gasses were first set out, and early patents include those of Henry Wood, Vicar of High Ercall near Coalbrookdale Shropshire (English patent 739 of 1759) and Thomas Mead, an engineer from Sculcoats Yorkshire (English patent 979 of 1791), the latter in particular containing the essential elements of a displacer type engine (Mead termed it the transferrer). It is unlikely that either of these patents resulted in an actual engine and the earliest workable example was probably the open cycle furnace gas engine of the English inventor Sir George Cayley c.1807

It is likely that Robert Stirling's air engine of 1818, which incorporated his innovative *Economiser* (patented in 1816) was the first air engine put to practical work. The economiser, now known as the regenerator, stored heat from the hot portion of the engine as the air passed to the cold side, and released heat to the cooled air as it returned to the hot side. This innovation improved the efficiency of Stirling's engine and should be present in any air engine that is properly called a Stirling engine.

Stirling patented a second hot air engine, together with his brother James, in 1827. They inverted the design so that the hot ends of the displacers were underneath the machinery and they added a compressed air pump so the air within could be increased in pressure to around 20 atmospheres. It is stated by Chambers to have been unsuccessful, owing to mechanical defects and to “the unforeseen accumulation of heat, not fully extracted by the sieves or small passages in the cool part of the regenerator, of which the external surface was not sufficiently large to throw off the unrecovered heat when the engine was working with highly compressed air.”

Parkinson and Crossley, English patent, 1828 came up with their own hot air engine. In this engine the air-chamber is partly exposed, by submergence in cold water, to external cold, and its upper portion is heated by steam. An internal vessel moves up and down in this chamber, and in so doing displaces the air, alternately exposing it to the hot and cold influences of the cold water and the hot steam, changing its temperature and expansive condition. The fluctuations cause the reciprocation of a piston in a cylinder to whose ends the air-chamber is alternately connected.

In 1829 Arnott patented his air expansion machine where a fire is placed on a grate near the bottom of a close cylinder, and the cylinder is full of fresh air recently admitted. A loose piston is pulled upwards so that all the air in the cylinder above will be made to pass by a tube through the fire, and will receive an increased elasticity tending to the expansion or increase of volume, which the fire is capable of giving it.

He is followed the next year (1830) by Captain Ericsson who patented his second hot air engine. The specification describes it more particularly, as consisting of a “circular chamber, in which a cone is made to revolve on a shaft or axis by means of leaves or wings, alternately exposed to the pressure of steam; these wings or leaves being made to work through slits or openings of a circular plane, which revolves obliquely to, and is thereby kept in contact with the side of the cone.”

Ericsson built his third hot air engine (the caloric engine) in 1833 "which excited so much interest a few years ago in England; and which, if it should be brought into practical operation, will prove the most important mechanical invention ever conceived by the human mind, and one that will confer greater benefits on civilized life than any that has ever preceded it. For the object of it is the production of mechanical power by the agency of heat, at an expenditure of fuel so exceedingly small, that man will have an almost unlimited mechanical force at his command, in regions where fuel may now be said hardly to exist".

1838 sees the patent of Franchot hot air engine, certainly the hot air engine that was best following the Carnot requirements.

So far all these air engines have been unsuccessful, but the technology was maturing. In 1842, James Stirling, the brother of Robert, build the famous Dundee Stirling Engine. This one at least lasted 2–3 years but then was discontinued due to improper technical contrivances. Hot air engines is a story of trials and errors, and it took another 20 years before hot air engines could be used on an industrial scale. The first reliable hot air engines were built by Shaw, Roper, Ericsson. Several thousands of them were built.

## Commercial Manufacturers

Hot engines found a market for pumping water (mainly to a household water tank) as the water inlet provided the cold required to maintain the temperature difference, though they did find other commercial uses.

* Hayward, Tyler & Co of London. Engines for pumping water and working Punkahs c1876-1883.
* Hayward-Tyler & Co of London. Domestic water supply (Rider's patent) c1888-1901.
* W.H. Bailey & Co, Salford. Engines for pumping domestic water and operating stable machinery c1885-1887
* Adam Woodward & Sons, Ancoats, Manchester. Robinson's patent. c1887
* Norris & Henty, London. Resellers of 'Robinson' type pumping engines. c1898-1901
* C.H. Delamater & Co, Delamater Iron Works, New York. 'Rider' and 'Ericsson' type engine. 1870s-1898
* Rider Engine Company, Walden, New York. 1879-1898
* Rider-Ericsson Engine Company, Walden, New York. 1898-

## Thermodynamic cycles

A hot air engine thermodynamic cycle can (ideally) be made out of 3 or more processes (typically 4). The processes can be any of these:

Some examples (not all hot air cycles, as defined above) are as follows:

| Cycle | Compression, 1→2 | Heat addition, 2→3 | Expansion, 3→4 | Heat rejection, 4→1 | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Power cycles normally with external combustion \- or heat pump cycles: | | | | | |
| Bell Coleman | adiabatic | isobaric | adiabatic | isobaric | A reversed Brayton cycle |
| Carnot | isentropic | isothermal | isentropic | isothermal | Carnot heat engine |
| Ericsson | isothermal | isobaric | isothermal | isobaric | The second Ericsson cycle from 1853 |
| Rankine | adiabatic | isobaric | adiabatic | isobaric | Steam engines |
| Hygroscopic | adiabatic | isobaric | adiabatic | isobaric |  |
| Scuderi | adiabatic | variable pressure
and volume | adiabatic | isochoric |  |
| Stirling | isothermal | isochoric | isothermal | isochoric | Stirling engines |
| Manson | isothermal | isochoric | isothermal | isochoric then adiabatic | Manson and Manson-Guise engines |
| Stoddard | adiabatic | isobaric | adiabatic | isobaric |  |
| Power cycles normally with internal combustion: | | | | | |
| Atkinson | isentropic | isochoric | isentropic | isochoric | Differs from Otto cycle in that V1 \< V4. |
| Brayton | adiabatic | isobaric | adiabatic | isobaric | Ramjets, turbojets, -props, and -shafts. Originally developed for use in reciprocating engines. The external combustion version of this cycle is known as the first Ericsson cycle from 1833. |
| Diesel | adiabatic | isobaric | adiabatic | isochoric | Diesel engine |
| Humphrey | isentropic | isochoric | isentropic | isobaric | Shcramjets, pulse- and continuous detonation engines |
| Lenoir |  | isochoric | adiabatic | isobaric | Pulse jets. 1→2 accomplishes both the heat rejection and the compression. Originally developed for use in reciprocating engines. |
| Otto | isentropic | isochoric | isentropic | isochoric | Gasoline / petrol engines |

Yet another example is the Vuilleumier cycle.


title: Sally Temple

abstract: Sally Temple is an American developmental neuroscientist in Albany, New York. She is a co-founder and scientific director for The Neural Stem Cell Institute and is a professor of Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology at Albany Medical College Temple is also the principal investigator in her laboratory that focuses on neural stem cells and therapies for neurological-related disorders

text:
# Sally Temple

**Sally Temple** is an American developmental neuroscientist in Albany, New York. She is a co-founder and scientific director for The Neural Stem Cell Institute and is a professor of Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology at Albany Medical College Temple is also the principal investigator in her laboratory that focuses on neural stem cells and therapies for neurological-related disorders

## Life

Temple received her B.A. from Cambridge University. She then continued her PhD education at the University College London and competed her postdoctoral fellowship at Columbia University. Her focus at this time was on optic nerve development.

Temple became a pioneer in the field of stem cell research when she discovered that the embryonic mammalian brain contained a rare stem-like cell. After this discovery, she focused on neural stem cells and how they develop over time and produce progeny.

She has since been labelled an innovator in the field of stem cells, specifically neural stem cells, which are potentially applicable in cell replacement therapy for ailments like spinal cord injury and neurodegeneration. She is the president and co-founder of StemCulture, LLC., a company created by scientists in order to create innovative products and promote scientific research.

In 2010 she and John J. Nigro were recipients of the 2010 Citizen Laureate Awards. This award is meant to recognize leaders in the fields of business, industry, government, and academia.

Previously, she was a fellow of the Alden March Bioethics Institute.

Temple currently is the scientific director of the Neural Stem Cell Institute. She also is a faculty member for Albany Medical College, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and SUNY Albany. Dr. Temple is married to Dr. Jeffrey Stern, a retinal surgeon, who is the other co-founder of the Regenerative Research Foundation and Neural Stem Cell Institute.

She is a member of the Editorial Board for *Developmental Cell*.

## Research

Temple's current laboratory focuses primarily on neural stem cells and the development for therapies related to eye, brain, and spinal cord disorders.

One of her major accomplishments in her field is the isolation and culturing of a progenitor cell line of glia. This led to the discovery that the number of cell divisions the cell underwent was determined by internal counting mechanisms. This research also led to her indicating specific markers on progenitor cell lines and external signaling molecules that are involved in the maintenance of neural stem cells.

Some of her other research has indicated that the limited success of embryonic stem cell transplants in neurological cases may be due to the introduction of cells at the wrong developmental stage. This may have a huge impact on neurological therapies using stem cells as a future of medicine.

She has also provided evidence in her field that has shown that progenitor cells gradually lose the ability to divide. She established that the *Foxg1* gene is important in this, because a reduction in its expression results in a delay in this process.

As president of StemCulture, LLC. she is currently working on a new study involving a new product, StemBeads FGF2. StemCulture, LLC. describe this product as a growth factor supplement that is able to grow FGF2 dependent stem cell cultures in a more efficient way. She also recently identified an important human central nervous stem cell that may lead to important developments in retinal disease treatments. In 2015, she attended a RPI stem cell and bioengineering meeting and spoke about her retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) research. She discussed how her team has been furthering their research into culturing human retinal stem cells and the use of RPE cells in therapy for age-related macular degeneration.

### Patents

Temple has a large number of patents related to neural stem cells and for various methods for culture undifferentiated cells.

## Awards

In 2003 Dr. Temple received the Jacob Javitz Merit Award from the National Institute of Health. She was then awarded the MacArthur Fellowship in 2008. This award in considered a no-strings attached grant intended to supplement the winner's potential for creativity. Dr. Temple was also the recipient of the 2010 Citizen Laureate Awards. This was awarded to her by The University at Albany Foundation for her research into treatments for both macular degeneration and Parkinson's disease.

## Publications

* *Spred1, a negative regulator of Ras-MAPK-ERK, is enriched in CNS germinal zones, dampens NSC proliferation, and maintains ventricular zone structure.* Phoenix TN, Temple S. Genes Dev. 2010 Jan 1;24(1):45-56.
* *The timing of cortical neurogenesis is encoded within lineages of individual progenitor cells.* Shen Q, Wang Y, Dimos JT, Fasano CA, Phoenix TN, Lemischka IR, Ivanova NB, Stifani S, Morrisey EE, Temple S. Nat Neurosci. 2006 Jun;9(6):743-51. Epub 2006 May 7.
* *LeX is expressed by principle progenitor cells in the embryonic nervous system, is secreted into their environment and binds Wnt-1.* Capela A, Temple S. Dev Biol. 2006 Mar 15;291(2):300-13. Epub 2006 Feb 3.
* *Asymmetric distribution of EGFR receptor during mitosis generates diverse CNS progenitor cells.* Sun Y, Goderie SK, Temple S. Neuron. 2005 Mar 24;45(6):873-86.
* *LeX/ssea-1 is expressed by adult mouse CNS stem cells, identifying them as nonependymal.* Capela A, Temple S. Neuron. 2002 Aug 29;35(5):865-75.

## InfoBox

| Sally Temple | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | Cambridge University, University College London, Columbia University |
| Awards | MacArthur Fellows Program Jacob Javitz Merit Award<br>Citizen Laureate Award |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Neuroscience |
| Institutions | Albany Medical College |
|  | |


title: Sally Thomas

abstract: Sally Gordon Thomas is a former Judge of the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory, serving from 1992 to 2009. She was appointed to the Court on 10 August 1992 and was the first woman to be appointed a Judge of the Court. She was sworn in as the first female Administrator of the Northern Territory in October 2011. One of her first engagements in the role was to welcome Barack Obama, the President of the United States, to Darwin during his visit in November 2011.

text:
# Sally Thomas

**Sally Gordon Thomas** AC (born 7 August 1939) is a former Judge of the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory, serving from 1992 to 2009. She was appointed to the Court on 10 August 1992 and was the first woman to be appointed a Judge of the Court. She was sworn in as the first female Administrator of the Northern Territory in October 2011. One of her first engagements in the role was to welcome Barack Obama, the President of the United States, to Darwin during his visit in November 2011.

## Early life

Thomas was born in Cambridge, England on 7 August 1939, to Geoffrey A and Mary G Thomas. Her family relocated to Sydney, New South Wales in 1947. She attended Hornsby Girls' High School and eventually commenced work as a solicitor in New South Wales in 1963.

## Magistrate and beyond

Thomas and her husband Ted Rowe relocated to Darwin in 1978 after she was appointed as a Magistrate. She was appointed Chief Magistrate in 1986 and held that position until she was appointed to the Supreme Court bench in 1992. Thomas retired on 6 August 2009.

She was President of the Australian Stipendiary Magistrates Association from 1988 to 1990.

She has a strong interest in the tertiary education of Territorians and was Deputy Chairman of the Northern Territory College of Queensland University and then a Member of the then Northern Territory University Council from 1989 to 2003. In 2003 the Northern Territory University changed its name and became part of the expanded Charles Darwin University. She was appointed to the Council of Charles Darwin University and elected Deputy Chancellor, and she was appointed Chancellor of the University on 1 January 2010. Upon the completion of her second term as Chancellor, she announced Neil Balnaves would succeed her as Chancellor of the University.

Her career has not been limited to the judicial system, she was Chair of the Northern Territory Legal Aid Commission from 1990 to 1996, Chair of the Northern Territory Winston Churchill Fellowship Committee from 1992 to 2004 and in 2004 she was appointed Deputy National Chair Fellowship, of the Winston Churchill Memorial Trust.

In June 2000 she was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia for her service to the community, particularly through the Northern Territory Winston Churchill Memorial Fellowship Committee, to tertiary education, and to the law. She continues to hold an interest in these fields.

## Honours

On 12 June 2000, Thomas was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia for service to the community, particularly through the Northern Territory Winston Churchill Memorial Fellowship Committee, to tertiary education, and to the law. On 26 January 2014, Thomas was named a Companion of the Order of Australia for eminent service to the people of the Northern Territory, particularly to the judiciary and social justice, to the advancement of women in the legal profession, to youth, and to the promotion and development of tertiary education.-

She was nominated Senior Australian of the Year in 2010 for her achievements in her legal career.

## Other interests

Thomas is Patron of a number of organizations. She has been a Member of the Council of the Charles Darwin University since 1989 and has been the Northern Territory Chair of the Winston Churchill Fellowship since 1992. She was also Chair of the Northern Territory Legal Aid Commission from 1990 to 1996 and was an Honorary Colonel in the Northern Territory Cadet Corp of the Australian Army from 1993 – 1997. She was also an advisor to the Family Law Council.

## Administrator of the Northern Territory

It was announced on 6 October 2011 that Sally Thomas would be appointed the 20th Administrator of the Northern Territory, as well as the first female in that role. She was sworn into this position on 31 October 2011 at Parliament House, Darwin by the Governor-General of Australia, Ms Quentin Bryce AC.

## InfoBox

| The HonourableSally ThomasAC | |
| --- | --- |
| Thomas in 2014 | |
|  | |
| Administrator of the Northern Territory | |
| **In office**
31 October 2011  30 October 2014 | |
| Deputy | Pat Miller |
| Preceded by | Tom Pauling |
| Succeeded by | John Hardy |
| Chancellor of Charles Darwin University | |
| **In office**
2010–2016 | |
| Preceded by | Richard Ryan |
| Succeeded by | Neil Balnaves |
| Judge of the Supreme Court (NT) | |
| **In office**
30 July 1992  7 August 2009 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1939-08-07) 7 August 1939
Cambridge, England |
| Spouse | Ted Rowe |
| Domestic partner | Duncan McNeill |
| Education | Hornsby Girls' High School |
| Profession | Lawyer |
|  | |


title: Samsung SCH-B450

abstract: Samsung SCH-B450 is a gaming phone released by Samsung in July 2006 in South Korea. It features a 2.2-inch TFT-LCD, a 2.0-megapixel camera, a DMB receiver for mobile television and 3D-gaming capabilities. It was primarily designed for video games playing experience.

text:
# Samsung SCH-B450

**Samsung SCH-B450** is a gaming phone released by Samsung in July 2006 in South Korea. It features a 2.2-inch TFT-LCD (portrait/landscape modes), a 2.0-megapixel camera, a DMB receiver for mobile television and 3D-gaming capabilities. It was primarily designed for video games playing experience.

## InfoBox

Samsung SCH-B450
| Manufacturer | Samsung |
| --- | --- |
| Compatible networks | **CDMA** 2000 1X |
| First released | July 2006 (2006-07) |
| Availability by region | South Korea |
| Type | Gaming phone |
| Form factor | Flip and rotation |
| Dimensions | 95x48x23 mm |
| Weight | 120 g |
| Battery | 900 mAh |
| Display | 2.2 inches
240х320 pixels
TFT-LCD
16 million colors |
| Rear camera | 2.0 megapixel |
| Connectivity | Bluetooth |
| Other | DMB, GPS, WAP, E-Mail, Games, MP3-player, Java |
| Development status | Discontinued |


title: House of Bluebird

abstract: House of Bluebird is a 2015 South Korean television series starring Lee Joon-hyuk, Chae Soo-bin, Lee Sang-yeob and Kyung Soo-jin. It aired on KBS2 from February 25 to August 9, 2015, on Saturdays and Sundays at 19:55 (KST) for 50 episodes.

text:
# House of Bluebird

***House of Bluebird*** (Korean: 파랑새의 집; RR: *Parangsaeui Jib*; lit. *Bluebird's House*) is a 2015 South Korean television series starring Lee Joon-hyuk, Chae Soo-bin, Lee Sang-yeob and Kyung Soo-jin. It aired on KBS2 from February 25 to August 9, 2015, on Saturdays and Sundays at 19:55 (KST) for 50 episodes.

## Themes

*House of Bluebird* addresses the differing inter-generational attitudes of Koreans towards work; and the conflict between the desire to fulfill personal dreams and the need to make a living.

## Synopsis

The scion of a formerly wealthy traditional land-owning family, Kim Ji-wan grew up an orphan raised by his stepmother and grandmother when his father died, and his family lost its fortune. To provide for his family, Ji-wan swallows his pride and uses nepotism to join Nuga Global, a multi-national medical appliances company. Ji-wan is initially grateful when Jang Tae-soo, Nuga's CEO and a friend of his late father, takes him under his wing. As the lives of Ji-wan's family and that of Tae-soo cross again, long hidden secrets, such as how Ji-wan's father died and came to lose his fortune, begin to unravel. Desperate to protect the business and reputation he has built, Tae-soo uses a secret that Ji-wan's stepmother has kept from Ji-wan and his grandmother.

## Cast

### Main characters

29, new employee at Nuga Global. 24, Ji-wan's non-biological sister. She used to work as a part-time employee in a pizza restaurant before she was employed at Nuga Global as a product designer. 28, son of Nuga Global's chairman, and friend of Ji-wan. He aspires to be a musician. 25, Eun-soo's friend who has a crush on Ji-wan. She was a teacher before she started scriptwriting.

### Supporting characters

55, Eun-soo's adopted mother, Ji-wan's stepmother. * Jung Jae-soon as Lee Jin-yi

Early 70s, Eun-soo and Ji-wan's paternal grandmother. 55, Nuga Global's chairman, Hyun-do's father, friend of Ji-wan's late father. 52, Hyun-do's mother, friend of Ji-wan's late father, Sun-hee's rival. 55, Yeong-joo's mother, Sun-hee's friend. * Jung Won-joong as Kang Jae-chul

53, Yeong-joo's father, banker. 29, advertising manager at Nuga, Ji-wan and Hyun-do's superior, likes Ji-wan. * Nam Kyung-eup as Shin Yeong-hwan

50, President & CEO of Hwain Industry. Ji-wan and Eun-soo's aunt.

## Ratings

Originally the drama aired with English subtitles on KBS World two weeks after its initial broadcast in Korea, this was later reduced to one week.

| Episode | Broadcast date | TNmS ratings | | AGB Nielsen ratings | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Nationwide | Seoul Capital Area | Nationwide | Seoul Capital Area |
| 1 | February 21, 2015 | 23.3% | 23.9% | 24.4% | 23.8% |
| 2 | February 22, 2015 | 26.6% | 27.6% | 26.3% | 26.6% |
| 3 | February 28, 2015 | 23.9% | 24.4% | 23.1% | 23.1% |
| 4 | March 1, 2015 | 24.7% | 25.8% | 26.0% | 26.3% |
| 5 | March 7, 2015 | 22.8% | 24.0% | 23.3% | 23.6% |
| 6 | March 8, 2015 | 25.5% | 27.0% | 26.2% | 26.5% |
| 7 | March 14, 2015 | 22.6% | 23.5% | 21.5% | 21.6% |
| 8 | March 15, 2015 | 26.0% | 27.0% | 25.7% | 26.2% |
| 9 | March 21, 2015 | 22.5% | 23.8% | 22.3% | 22.8% |
| 10 | March 22, 2015 | 25.5% | 27.5% | 25.4% | 25.7% |
| 11 | March 28, 2015 | 23.8% | 23.4% | 23.0% | 23.6% |
| 12 | March 29, 2015 | 26.1% | 26.8% | 26.6% | 27.7% |
| 13 | April 4, 2015 | 23.8% | 23.4% | 23.5% | 23.6% |
| 14 | April 5, 2015 | 26.1% | 26.2% | 25.2% | 25.4% |
| 15 | April 11, 2015 | 22.7% | 22.3% | 20.6% | 20.8% |
| 16 | April 12, 2015 | 27.0% | 27.2% | 25.4% | 25.9% |
| 17 | April 18, 2015 | 22.7% | 21.6% | 23.0% | 23.9% |
| 18 | April 19, 2015 | 27.2% | **27.7%** | 27.0% | **28.3%** |
| 19 | April 25, 2015 | **21.3%** | **20.5%** | **19.7%** | **19.8%** |
| 20 | April 26, 2015 | 26.4% | 26.8% | 23.9% | 24.0% |
| 21 | May 2, 2015 | 23.3% | 23.9% | 20.1% | 21.0% |
| 22 | May 3, 2015 | 26.6% | 26.4% | 24.3% | 23.8% |
| 23 | May 9, 2015 | 22.1% | 21.9% | 20.1% | 20.6% |
| 24 | May 10, 2015 | 25.7% | 24.9% | 25.5% | 26.4% |
| 25 | May 16, 2015 | 22.4% | 23.4% | 19.9% | 20.0% |
| 26 | May 17, 2015 | 23.6% | 23.5% | 23.5% | 23.8% |
| 27 | May 23, 2015 | 22.8% | 22.8% | 20.3% | 20.7% |
| 28 | May 24, 2015 | 24.5% | 24.4% | 22.8% | 23.7% |
| 29 | May 30, 2015 | 22.8% | 22.1% | 21.3% | 21.3% |
| 30 | May 31, 2015 | 25.4% | 26.2% | 24.2% | 25.4% |
| 31 | June 6, 2015 | 21.6% | 21.4% | 21.3% | 21.6% |
| 32 | June 7, 2015 | 24.2% | 24.4% | 23.1% | 23.8% |
| 33 | June 13, 2015 | 23.6% | 24.0% | 21.7% | 22.4% |
| 34 | June 14, 2015 | 25.1% | 24.7% | 25.4% | 25.4% |
| 35 | June 20, 2015 | 24.5% | 23.4% | 23.6% | 24.0% |
| 36 | June 21, 2015 | 25.6% | 24.7% | 23.7% | 24.1% |
| 37 | June 27, 2015 | 22.2% | 21.1% | 21.6% | 21.6% |
| 38 | June 28, 2015 | 26.8% | 26.9% | 26.3% | 26.9% |
| 39 | July 4, 2015 | 22.6% | 23.1% | 21.4% | 21.5% |
| 40 | July 5, 2015 | 27.2% | 26.7% | 25.4% | 25.1% |
| 41 | July 11, 2015 | 23.5% | 22.4% | 22.7% | 22.9% |
| 42 | July 12, 2015 | **28.7%** | 27.0% | 27.4% | 28.1% |
| 43 | July 18, 2015 | 22.3% | 22.8% | 22.4% | 22.2% |
| 44 | July 19, 2015 | 25.2% | 24.8% | 26.4% | 27.0% |
| 45 | July 25, 2015 | 23.3% | 23.8% | 22.6% | 22.7% |
| 46 | July 26, 2015 | 25.5% | 26.4% | 27.3% | 26.5% |
| 47 | August 1, 2015 | 21.6% | 22.6% | 21.7% | 21.3% |
| 48 | August 2, 2015 | 24.1% | 23.3% | 25.8% | 26.3% |
| 49 | August 8, 2015 | **21.3%** | 21.3% | 22.4% | 22.4% |
| 50 | August 9, 2015 | 24.6% | 23.5% | **27.5%** | 27.0% |
| Average ratings | | **24.26%** | **24.36%** | **23.68%** | **23.97%** |

Key * **Blue**-lowest rating episode
* **Red**-highest rating episode

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Recipient | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 | 8th Korea Drama Awards | Best New Actress | Chae Soo-bin | Nominated |
| | 4th APAN Star Awards | Best New Actress | | Won |
| | 29th KBS Drama Awards | Excellence Award, Actor in a Serial Drama | Lee Joon-hyuk | Nominated |
| | Excellence Award, Actress in a Serial Drama | Kyung Soo-jin | Nominated |
| | Choi Myung-gil | Nominated |
| | Best Supporting Actress | Uhm Hyun-kyung | Won |
| | Best New Actress | Chae Soo-bin | Won |
|

## InfoBox

| *House of Bluebird* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Domestic
Romance
Comedy
Drama |
| Written by | Choi Hyun-kyung
Park Pil-joo |
| Directed by | Ji Byung-hyun |
| Starring | Lee Joon-hyuk
Chae Soo-bin
Lee Sang-yeob
Kyung Soo-jin |
| Composer | Lee Ji-yong |
| Country of origin | South Korea |
| Original language | Korean |
| No. of episodes | 50 |
| Production | |
| Executive producers | Kim Sung-geun
Kim Jae-il
Park Ho-kyung |
| Producer | Im Se-joon |
| Production locations | Seoul, South Korea |
| Cinematography | Kang Jang-soo |
| Editor | Kim Hyang-sook |
| Running time | 60 minutes |
| Production company | Hidden Picture Media |
| Original release | |
| Network | Korean Broadcasting System |
| Release | February 21 (2015-02-21)
August 9, 2015 (2015-08-09) |


title: House of Bolin

abstract: The House of Bolin is one of the oldest firms specialising in jewellery and silverware that remains in the hands of its founding family. The firm exists today as Jewellers and Silversmiths to HM the King of Sweden.

text:
# House of Bolin

The **House of Bolin** (also known as W.A. Bolin) is one of the oldest firms specialising in jewellery and silverware that remains in the hands of its founding family. The firm exists today as Jewellers and Silversmiths to HM the King of Sweden.

## History

### Russian Imperial Court

The firm's archives once dated as far back as 1796, and its founder, the German-born jeweller Andreas Roempler, was established in St. Petersburg as early as 1790. In the registers of the German colony of this city he is called Master of Diamonds. He became a manufacturing jeweller of the Court by 1796 and functioned as official Appraiser to the Russian Imperial Court starting in 1823.

Bolin rapidly became the most important jeweller in St. Petersburg. At the peak of his activity, he supplied more to the Imperial Court than all other jewellers put together. Towards the end of the nineteenth century some of the leading Paris houses, in particular Boucheron, established themselves in Russia, and were granted commissions. From the 1890s, Bolin's main competitor was Fabergé, and although the Bolins continued to make most of the large pieces of jewellery for the Court, Fabergé surpassed Bolin in numbers and possibly also in turnover. The total invoiced was 339,400 roubles.

### The Bolin dynasty

His eldest daughter, Sofia, married Gottlieb Ernst Jahn, a goldsmith, who subsequently became Roempler's partner. Jahn is known to have supplied an opal and diamond jewellery suite, comprising a tiara, necklace and bracelet, at the occasion of the christening of Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia on 17 May 1834. The price of 169,601 roubles was the highest ever paid for a christening gift in the nineteenth century.

In 1833 Carl Edvard Bolin arrived in St. Petersburg from Stockholm and began to work for Andreas Roempler. In 1834 he married Ernestine Catharina, another daughter of the recently deceased Roempler, becoming a full partner at the occasion of his marriage. The firm was henceforth named Jahn & Bolin. Brother-in-law Jahn died in 1836, leaving Bolin as partner to Jahn's widow. In 1839 the partners submitted a request to become Jewellers to the Imperial Court, which was granted. Many of the parures of the Empresses and grand Duchesses were tailored by Bolin, now the main owner of the company.

In 1836 Henrik Conrad, then only sixteen years old, joined his elder brother in St. Petersburg, staying with Carl Edvard until 1852 when he opened a shop of his own in Moscow in partnership with an Englishman, James Steuart Shanks. Their shop was called *Shanks & Bolin, Magasin Anglais*, and was situated on the exclusive *Kuznetski Most*. They sold not only jewellery and silverware (this being Henrik Conrad's department) but also ladies' luxury accessories such as handbags, gloves, plumes, luxurious underwear, etc. This partnership did not last long and Henrik Conrad continued the business alone, though the Shanks and Bolin name continues on silverware until the 1880s. His specialty was fine silverware which he manufactured and sold in Moscow and with which he supplied his St. Petersburg relatives. Originally the silver workshop was run by Maria Linke, and later by her son, Konstantin.

In 1864 Carl Edvard Bolin died in St. Petersburg, leaving his part of the firm in the hands of his sons Gustaf and Edward.

### Art Nouveau

When Henrik Conrad died in 1888 in Moscow, he left everything to his three daughters. His sons, in his opinion, had received an expensive upbringing and training which was to be their sole legacy. To make it possible to continue the business, his eldest son Wilhelm James Andreevitch Bolin opened a branch for his St. Petersburg cousins called C. E. Bolin. He continued on his own in Moscow, very much in the old tradition and was especially interested in silverware, bringing in young French sculptors as designers and making magnificent pieces in the somewhat overladen style of the 1880s. Eventually, he adopted the Art Nouveau style, often combining glass (Lalique), ceramics and cut crystal with silver mounts. In 1912 he took over the Moscow shop in his own name W.A. Bolin.

In St. Petersburg the two brothers, Gustaf and Edward, who in 1912 had been granted the title of hereditary noblemen with the right to bear a coat-of-arms, continued as one of the foremost jewellery houses. Sadly, Gustaf died in 1916, creating a vacuum, as neither he nor his brother Edward had any heirs wishing to take over the business. Wilhelm Bolin, who had two sons, was interested. However, the Russian Revolution put an end to such plans.

### Transfer to Sweden

Vasily Bolin, like his father, kept his Swedish citizenship. In 1904 he purchased a property in the south of Sweden which he visited each summer together with his family. Showing foresight, he opened a branch office in Bad Homburg in Germany in 1912 - a spa visited by the Tsar and his family. Shortly before WWI, Vasily Bolin had decided to open shop in Germany, but remained stuck there when the war broke out, and while transiting in Stockholm to try to reach St-Petersburg, he made an agreement with a banker to open a shop in the city. The company's stocks in Germany were transferred in Sweden.

None of the archives of the Bolin firm have, as yet,  been found. A number of invoices from Bolin to the Imperial Court have been discovered in the Imperial Archives in St. Petersburg. There may be more and research has been initiated to locate both them and Bolin's own records. During the Bolshevik overthrow, account books were confiscated, Bolin jewellery owners were tracked and the gems were stolen as war chest. Some Bolin pieces belonging to royal members were put in a safe place in the Swedish embassy in St-Petersburg, and later transferred to Stockholm where it was hidden in the Foreign Ministry’s storage rooms, and forgotten until 2008 when the ministry moved its archives. Maria Pavlovna died in 1920 and never told her family about the jewels in Stockholm.

The firm exists today as Jewellers and Silversmiths to HM King Carl XVI Gustav.

Bolin created the engagement ring worn by Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden prior to her 2010 wedding with Prince Daniel. In November 2016, Anni-Frid Lyngstad auctioned some of her Bolin jewellery, including a collier and bangle in 18k white gold with cultured pearls and diamonds (made in 1995), estimated at around $60K.

## The Vladimir Tiara

After the revolution, British diplomats helped recover some of the Russian Court jewelry, and the Vladimir Tiara, a diamond diadem with large pearl pendants that originally belonged to Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna, was bought by Queen Mary, wife to King George V, in 1921.

## Sources

* About WA Bolin (23.04.2009)
* Hill, Gerard; Smorodinova G.G. and Ulyanova, B.L.; *Fabergé and the Russian master Goldsmiths* (2008)
* Watts, Geoffrey; *Russian Silversmiths' Hallmarks (1700 to 1917)* (2006)
* М.М. Постникова-Лосева, Н.Г.П. Платонова, Б.Л. Ульяноа, *ЗОЛОТОЕ И СЕРЕБРЯНОЕ ДЕЛО XV-XX вв.* (2003)

### Bibliography

* Bolin (1996). *Smycken & Silver för tsarer, drottningar och andra*.

## InfoBox

House of Bolin
|
|  |
| Industry | Jewellery |
| Founder | Andreas Roempler |
| Website | www.bolin.se/en/ |


title: House of Bolkiah

abstract: The House of Bolkiah is the ruling royal family of Brunei Darussalam. It is composed of the descendants of the 1st sultan Sultan Muhammad Shah and his family. The Sultan of Brunei is the head of state and absolute monarch of Brunei. He is also head of government in his capacity as Prime Minister. Since independence from the British in 1984, only one Sultan has reigned, though the royal institution dates back to the 14th century. The Sultan of Brunei can be thought of as synonymous with the ruling House of Bolkiah, with descendency being traced from the 1st Sultan Muhammad Shah's brother the 2nd Sultan Ahmad through and his daughter Puteri Ratna Kesuma, the wife of the 3rd Sultan Sharif Ali, a Sayyid and grandson of Emir Rumaythah ibn Abi Numayy of Mecca. The 13th Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin was an exception to familial succession, but he ascended after murdering the 12th Sultan Muhammad Ali and was in turn killed by the 14th Sultan Muhyiddin. It is not clear when the house became known as the 'House of Bolkiah', and whether it was named after the current 29th Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah, or the 5th Sultan Bolkiah.

text:
# House of Bolkiah

The **House of Bolkiah** is the ruling royal family of Brunei Darussalam. It is composed of the descendants of the 1st sultan Sultan Muhammad Shah and his family. The Sultan of Brunei is the head of state and absolute monarch of Brunei. He is also head of government in his capacity as Prime Minister.

Since independence from the British in 1984, only one Sultan has reigned, though the royal institution dates back to the 14th century. The Sultan of Brunei can be thought of as synonymous with the ruling House of Bolkiah, with descendency being traced from the 1st Sultan Muhammad Shah's brother the 2nd Sultan Ahmad through and his daughter Puteri Ratna Kesuma, the wife of the 3rd Sultan Sharif Ali, a Sayyid and grandson of Emir Rumaythah ibn Abi Numayy of Mecca. The 13th Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin was an exception to familial succession, but he ascended after murdering the 12th Sultan Muhammad Ali and was in turn killed by the 14th Sultan Muhyiddin. It is not clear when the house became known as the 'House of Bolkiah', and whether it was named after the current 29th Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah, or the 5th Sultan Bolkiah.

## Title

The full title of the Sultan is: ***His Majesty* The Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam** (Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan dan Yang di-Pertuan Negara Brunei Darussalam).

Today, the surname Bolkiah is carried by any descendant of the House of Bolkiah. Members of the royal household hold high and influential positions in government.

Sons and grandsons of Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah are referred to in the style "His Royal Highness" (HRH) or "*Pengiran Muda*" in Malay, differing from the royals belonging to the cadet branches which are addressed as "The Lord" (HH) or "*Pengiran Anak*" in Malay.

## Members

The core of the Brunei royal family is made up of the immediate family of the incumbent Sultan of Brunei;

Only Hassanal Bolkiah and his two sons; Al-Muhtadee Billah and Abdul Mateen carry out government duties full-time, mainly for the Prime Minister's Office and the Royal Brunei Armed Forces. The Sultan's sister, Princess Masna Bolkiah, is the current ambassador-at-large to the United Nations representing the Brunei government and the only extended royal member to be part of the working royals.

Other members of the royal family with royal rank who do not carry out official duties are the Sultan's siblings, and their children are considered to be part of the lesser royal members;

## List of sultans

## InfoBox

| House of Bolkiah | |
| --- | --- |
| Royal family | |
| Emblem of the Sultan of Brunei | |
| Parent family | Banu Qatadah, of Banu Hassan, of Banu Hashim, of Quraysh (since 1425 due to cognatic inheritance) |
| Country | Brunei Darussalam (previously the Bruneian Empire) |
| Place of origin | Allegedly Tarim, Emirate of Zabid |
| Founded | 1363 or 1368 |
| Founder | Sultan Muhammad Shah |
| Current head | Hassanal Bolkiah |
| Titles | Sultan of Brunei
Crown Prince of Brunei |
| Traditions | Sunni Islam (1368–1661, 1673–present)
Twelver Shia Islam (1661–1673) |


title: Houston and Texas Central Railway

abstract: The Houston and Texas Central Railway (H&TC) was an 872-mile (1403-km) railway system chartered in Texas in 1848, with construction beginning in 1856. The line eventually stretched from Houston northward to Dallas and Denison, Texas, with branches to Austin and Waco.

text:
# Houston and Texas Central Railway

The **Houston and Texas Central Railway** (**H&TC**) was an 872-mile (1403-km) railway system chartered in Texas in 1848, with construction beginning in 1856. The line eventually stretched from Houston northward to Dallas and Denison, Texas, with branches to Austin and Waco.

## History

Ebenezer Allen of Galveston, Texas obtained the charter to establish a railroad company on March 11, 1848. Other investors included Paul Bremond, Thomas William House, Sr., William J. Hutchins, Francis Moore, Benjamin A. Shepherd, James H. Stevens, William Marsh Rice, and William Van Alstyne. A series of meetings about the establishment of the company took place in Chappell Hill and Houston. In 1852, the Galveston and Red River Railway (G&RR) company became active.

Construction started on January 1, 1853, when Bremond and House broke ground in Houston. Track-laying of the 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) gauge railroad began in early 1856. By July 26 tracks had reached the 25-mile (40 km) point, at Cypress. The railroad company name was changed from G&RR to H&TC on September 1, 1856. By April 22, 1861, railroad construction had reached the 81-mile (130 km) point at Millican. The construction was halted because of the Civil War. In 1867, with the war over, construction resumed.

In 1867, the H&TC railroad company took control of the **Washington County Railroad (1856–1868)**. That railroad had 25 miles (40 km) of railroad line with a gauge of 5 feet 6 inches between Brenham, Texas and Hempstead, Texas, which had been chartered in 1856 and completed in April 1861. The H&TC completed the line to Austin on December 25, 1871.

H&TC rails reached Corsicana in 1871, Dallas in 1872, and Red River City, Texas (now Denison) in 1873, where it connected with the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad. This formed the first all-railroad route from Houston to St. Louis, Missouri, and the Eastern United States for freight and passengers. The railway line was sold to Charles Morgan in March 1877.

The Houston and Texas Central **Railway** Company entered receivership on February 23, 1885; the Main Line and the Western Division were sold to the Houston and Texas Central **Railroad** Company on April 1, 1890. The Waco and Northwestern Division remained in receivership until it was sold on September 5, 1895. It was acquired by the Houston and Texas Central Railroad on June 30, 1898.

The H&TC Railroad continued to operate independently until 1927, when it was leased to the Texas and New Orleans Railroad, a subsidiary of the Southern Pacific Railroad. The HT&C was merged into the T&NO in 1934. The T&NO was merged into the SP in 1961, and the SP into the Union Pacific in 1996.

U.S. Route 75 was built on the H&TC right of way northeasterly from Downtown Dallas to Elsworth Avenue. This highway locally is called North Central Expressway in homage of the Houston & Texas CENTRAL line. Dallas Area Rapid Transit purchased the track from Elsworth Avenue to Plano in 2012 for commuter-train service. North of Plano's Parker Road Station, the abandoned right-of-way continues to McKinney, Texas.

## Impressions of 1891

## InfoBox

Houston and Texas Central Railway
| Overview | |
| --- | --- |
| Reporting mark | H&TC |
| Locale | Texas |
| Dates of operation | 18561934 |
| Successor | TNO |
| Technical | |
| Track gauge | 4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge |
| Previous gauge | 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) |


title: How to Cut and Paste Mix Tape Vol.2

abstract: How to Cut and Paste Mix Tape Vol.2 is the second DJ mix album mixed by DJ Yoda.

text:
# How to Cut and Paste Mix Tape Vol.2

***How to Cut and Paste Mix Tape Vol.2*** is the second DJ mix album mixed by DJ Yoda.

## Track listing

1. "Intro" / "Star Wars Theme" (featuring Crash Crew) - DJ Yoda
2. "Ill Culinary Behaviour" - DJ Format
3. "Creatures, Breakin' and Names" (featuring Laura Lee, Jimmy Castor Bunch & New Birth) - DJ Yoda
4. "Glue" (featuring Biz Markie & Mr. Complex) - Beyond There
5. "Cucumbers, Needles, Sandwiches & Jazz" (featuring Freda Payne, Johnny Guitar Watson, Martine Girault, The Delfonics & Charlie Parker Septet) - DJ Yoda
6. "Lonely Piano" (featuring - Grinning Barns) - Quasimoto
7. "Yoda Meets The A-Team" - DJ Yoda
8. "Scratching & Keyboard Techniques" (featuring Dizzy Gillespie) - DJ Yoda
9. "Quid Control" (featuring People Under The Stairs) - DJ Yoda
10. "Mysterious Plot" (featuring Lee Dorsey) - DJ Yoda
11. "Billie Holiday Turntablised" - DJ Yoda
12. "We Got The Funk" - The Beatnuts
13. "On the Reggae-lar Part 2" (featuring Honey Boy Martin, Don Drummond, Dandy Livingstone, The Cimmarons, Hopeton Lewis, Pat Kelly & The Uniques) - DJ Yoda
14. "I Gotcha Opin" (Remix) - Black Moon
15. "Drop" - The Pharcyde
16. "One Two S\**t" - A Tribe Called Quest
17. "Only When I'm Drunk" - Tha Alkaholiks
18. "Anything" (featuring Wu-Tang Clan) - SWV
19. "C.R.E.A.M." - Wu-Tang Clan
20. "Tony Mozzarelli Wants 80's Pop" / "The Godfather" - DJ Yoda
21. "Yoda's 80's Pop Megamix" (featuring Rick Astley, Bomb the Bass, Hall & Oates, Five Star & Taylor Dayne) - DJ Yoda
22. "Rhubarb Tart" (featuring John Cleese) - DJ Yoda
23. "George Formby Turntablised" - DJ Yoda
24. "Outro / Indiana Jones Theme" (featuring - Evelyn Glennie) - DJ Yoda

## Reception

The album was positively received, with Allmusic giving it a four star review, describing it as " a combination DJ-technique workshop, hip-hop compilation and adolescent joke-fest".

## InfoBox

| How to Cut and Paste Mix Tape Vol.2 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by DJ Yoda | |
| Released | 2001 |
| Genre | Hip hop |
| Label | Antidote Records
ANTCD101 |
| DJ Yoda chronology | |
| *How to Cut and Paste Mix Tape Vol.1*
(2001) ***How to Cut and Paste Mix Tape Vol.2***
(2001) *How to Cut & Paste: The 80's Edition*
(2003) | |


title: Samrat Chakrabarti

abstract: Samrat Chakrabarti is a British-American film actor and musician of South Asian descent.

text:
# Samrat Chakrabarti

**Samrat Chakrabarti** (born 22 August 1975) is a British-American film actor and musician of South Asian descent.

## Early life

Born in London to Bangla immigrant parents. His Grandfather is from Comilla, Bangladesh and Grandmother is from West Bengal, India. He grew up in Boston, Massachusetts, where he was exposed to music, poetry and the plays of Rabindranath Tagore and Kazi Nazrul Islam.

## Career

### Acting

Having acted all through school, Chakrabarti's feature film debut came in 2004 in Spike Lee's *She Hate Me*. Early in his career, he starred opposite Molly Shannon in *The Wedding Weekend* and then in Manish Acharya's *Loins of Punjab Presents*. He also had a role in the Australian film, *The Waiting City*. His film, *The War Within*, was nominated for an Indie Spirit Award while *Bombay Summer*, starring Tannishtha Chatterjee won Best Film at the 2009 MIAAC Film Festival. Chakrabarti starred opposite Rebecca Hazelwood in *Kissing Cousins* and made an appearance in the Yash Raj-produced Bollywood film, *New York*. Chakrabarti played the character Rishi, a menacing gangster in Ajay Naidu's *Ashes*. He will be seen soon in *Murder in the Dark*, produced by *Napoleon Dynamite*'s Chris Wyatt.

Chakrabarti has also appeared in television productions. He has appeared on *In Treatment* (HBO) as Irrfan Khan's son, *30 Rock* (NBC) opposite Alec Baldwin, *Bored to Death* (HBO), *Blue Bloods* (CBS) opposite Tom Selleck, *Law & Order: Criminal Intent* (NBC) opposite Chris Noth, *Law & Order* (NBC), *Love Monkey* (CBS), *The Sopranos* (HBO) opposite James Gandolfini, and *All My Children*. Chakrabarti was a recurring character on FX's *Damages* opposite Ted Danson.

### Music

Samrat Chakrabarti is also an established international musician. In 1994, he founded Brandeis University's award-winning all male a cappella group, VoiceMale, for which he continues to contribute arrangements and original compositions, including "Please Don't Go," which appears on the album *Suit Up* and arrangements for the national a cappella compilation *Voices Only 2009*. He won a U.S. CARA for Best Original Pop/Rock Song for his composition "What's It all About". He is a former member of the a cappella group Five O' Clock Shadow. He was also a part of the group *The Hyannis Sound*. In 1998, Chakrabarti produced an untitled album for his musical group, JYDE, and composed the song "Startving".

Chakrabarti has also composed the theme song "Dhol Beat" for *Loins of Punjab*, and Sundaram Tagore's *Natvar Bhavsar: Poetics of Color*.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2004 | *She Hate Me* | Ahmad |  |
| 2005 | *Arya* | Raj Singh | Tamil film |
| | *The War Within* | Pakistani Interrogator |  |
| 2006 | *The Bong Connection* | Rakesh | Bengali film |
| 2007 | *Loins of Punjab Presents* | Trance Sen |  |
| | *Karma Calling* | Rohit Rao |  |
| | *Kissing Cousins* | Amir |  |
| 2009 | *New York* | Yakub | Hindi film |
| 2010 | *Ashes* | Rishi |  |
| | *Gangor* | Ujan |  |
| 2012 | *Midnight's Children* | Wee Willie Winkie |  |
| | *Price Check* | Eddie |  |
| 2013 | *Vishwaroopam* | Deepak Chatterjee | Tamil film |
| | *Vishwaroop* | | Hindi film |
| 2014 | *The Ladies of the House* | Derek | English |
| 2014 | *Unfreedom* | Anees |  |
| 2015 | *Beyond the Mask* | Basil |  |
| 2016 | *Wiener-Dog* | Dr. Farhard Rahman |  |
| 2017 | *Viceroy's House* | Moshin |  |
| 2018 | *The Kindergarten Teacher* | Sanjay Roy |  |
| 2018 | *Nancy* | Raj |  |
| 2018 | *Vishwaroopam 2* | Deepak Chatterjee | Tamil film |
| 2018 | *Vishwaroop 2* | | Hindi film |
| 2019 | *Stray Dolls* | Sal |  |
| 2020 | *I'll Meet You There* | Dr. Sahil Khan |  |
| 2021 | *Leylak* | Abdul | Short film |

## Television roles

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2004 | *The Sopranos* (HBO) | Dr. Onkar Singh | Episode: "Marco Polo" |
| | *Law & Order* (NBC) | Hydar Raheem | Episode: "Enemy" |
| | *Hope and Faith* (ABC) | DJ | Episode: "Jack's Back" |
| 2006 | *Love Monkey* (CBS) | Engineer | Episode: "Opportunity Knocks" |
| 2007 | *Law & Order: Criminal Intent* (NBC) | Tariq Amir | Episode: "World's Fair" |
| 2008 | *All My Children* (ABC) | Saad Pertiwi | Episode: #1.10018 |
| 2009 | *Damages* (FX) | Manu Singh | Episodes: "They Had to Tweeze That Out of My Kidney" and "New York Sucks" |
| | *Celebrity Ghost Stories* (The Biography Channel) | Pharmacist | (TV Series documentary) |
| 2010 | *Bored to Death* (HBO) | Akhil | Episode: "Forty-Two Down!" |
| | *In Treatment* (HBO) | Arun Sanyal | Episode: "Sunil: Week One" |
| | *30 Rock* (NBC) | Ramesh | Episode: "College" |
| 2013 | *The Carrie Diaries* (The CW) | Doc | Episode: "I Heard a Rumor" |
| | *Blue Bloods* (CBS) | Parmar Hameed | Episode: "Mistaken Identity" |
| 2014 | *Law & Order: SVU* (NBC) | Mr. Salim | Episode: "Criminal Stories" |
| 2015 | *Mr. Robot* (USA Network) | Rohit "Ron" Mehta | Episode: eps1.0\_hellofriend.mov |
| 2016 | *NCIS: New Orleans* (CBS) | Jenner Blye | Episode: "Sister City: Part 1" |
| | *NCIS* (CBS) | | Episode: "Sister City: Part 2" |
| 2017 | *Bull* (CBS) | Sean Laheri | Episode: "What's Your Number?" |
| | *The Problem with Apu* (TruTV) | Himself | Documentary |
| 2020 | *Homeland* (Showtime) | Ambassador Rashad | Episode: "Designated Driver" |
| | *Little Voice* (Apple TV+) | Anil | 5 episodes |
| 2021 | *Bull* (CBS) | Jai | Episode: "The Boy Who Cried Murder" |

## Videogames

| Year | Title | Role |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2005 | *SOCOM 3 U.S. Navy SEALs* | Additional South Asia AO voices |
| | *Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories* |  |
| | *SOCOM U.S. Navy SEALs: Fireteam Bravo* | Additional South Asia AO voices |
| 2013 | *Grand Theft Auto V* | The Local Population |
| 2014 | *Far Cry 4* | Additional voices |

## InfoBox

| * Samrat Chakrabarti * সম্রাট চক্রবর্তী सम्राट चक्रबर्ती | |
| --- | --- |
| Chakrabarti in 2010 | |
| Born | (1975-08-22) 22 August 1975<br>London, England |
| Education |  |
| Occupation(s) | Actor, musician |
| Years active | 2003–present |


title: Samerey

abstract: Samerey is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

text:
# Samerey

**Samerey** (French pronunciation: \[samʁɛ\]) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 134 |  |
| 1968 | 136 | +1.5% |
| 1975 | 140 | +2.9% |
| 1982 | 138 | −1.4% |
| 1990 | 156 | +13.0% |
| 1999 | 141 | −9.6% |
| 2008 | 131 | −7.1% |

## InfoBox

| Samerey | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The church in Samerey | |
| Location of Samerey | |
| SamereySamerey | |
| Coordinates: 47°05′27″N 5°21′41″E / 47.0908°N 5.3614°E / 47.0908; 5.3614 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté |
| Department | Côte-d'Or |
| Arrondissement | Beaune |
| Canton | Brazey-en-Plaine |
| Intercommunality | Rives de Saône |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Anthony Goulut |
| Area**1** | 7.02 km2 (2.71 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 138 |
| Density | 20/km2 (51/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 21581 /21170 |
| Elevation | 184–204 m (604–669 ft)
(avg. 200 m or 660 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Sameridine

abstract: Sameridine is a 4-phenylpiperidine derivative that is related to the opioid analgesic drug pethidine (meperidine). Sameridine has an unusual pharmacological profile, being both a local anaesthetic and a μ-opioid partial agonist. It is currently under development for use in surgical anasthesia, mainly administered by intrathecal infusion. It produces less respiratory depression than morphine, even at a high dose, and produces no respiratory depression at a low dose. Sameridine is not currently a controlled drug, although if approved for medical use it will certainly be a prescription medicine, and it would probably be assigned to one of the controlled drug schedules in more restrictive jurisdictions such as Australia and the United States, especially if it were found to be addictive in animals.

text:
# Sameridine

**Sameridine** is a 4-phenylpiperidine derivative that is related to the opioid analgesic drug pethidine (meperidine).

Sameridine has an unusual pharmacological profile, being both a local anaesthetic and a μ-opioid partial agonist. It is currently under development for use in surgical anasthesia, mainly administered by intrathecal infusion. It produces less respiratory depression than morphine, even at a high dose, and produces no respiratory depression at a low dose.

Sameridine is not currently a controlled drug, although if approved for medical use it will certainly be a prescription medicine, and it would probably be assigned to one of the controlled drug schedules in more restrictive jurisdictions such as Australia and the United States, especially if it were found to be addictive in animals.

## InfoBox

Sameridine
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Clinical data | |
| ATC code | * none |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name * N-ethyl-1-hexyl-N-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxamide | |
| CAS Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| UNII |  |
| ChEMBL |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C21H34N2O |
| Molar mass | 330.516 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| SMILES * O=C(N(CC)C)C2(c1ccccc1)CCN(CCCCCC)CC2 | |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C21H34N2O/c1-4-6-7-11-16-23-17-14-21(15-18-23,20(24)22(3)5-2)19-12-9-8-10-13-19/h8-10,12-13H,4-7,11,14-18H2,1-3H3 Y * Key:TYWUGCGYWNSRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y | |
| (verify) | |


title: Samernas Väl

abstract: Samernas Väl (SV) is a local political party in Jokkmokk Municipality, Norrbotten County, Sweden. The party was founded by Jokkmokk sameförening during the 1950s and has participated in several local elections since then. It has also been represented in "kommunfullmäktige". In the municipal election of 2010 the party got 267 votes.

text:
# Samernas Väl

**Samernas Väl** (SV) is a local political party in Jokkmokk Municipality, Norrbotten County, Sweden.

The party was founded by Jokkmokk sameförening during the 1950s and has participated in several local elections since then. It has also been represented in "kommunfullmäktige". In the municipal election of 2010 the party got 267 votes.

## Election results in Jokkmokk Municipality

| Year | Votes | Percent | Mandates |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1998 | 258 | 6.55 % | 4 of 35 mandat |
| 2002 | 209 | 5.87 % | 2 of 35 mandat |
| 2006 | 247 | 7.15 % | 2 of 31 mandat |
| 2010 | 267 | 7.85 % | 2 of 31 mandat |

## Sources

### Notes

1. http://www.val.se/val/val2006/slutlig/K/kommun/25/10/roster.html val.se


title: Samuel B. Wilson

abstract: Samuel Bailey Wilson was an American lawyer and judge from Minnesota. He served as Chief Justice of the Minnesota Supreme Court from 1923 to 1933.

text:
# Samuel B. Wilson

**Samuel Bailey Wilson** (May 12, 1873  January 24, 1954) was an American lawyer and judge from Minnesota. He served as Chief Justice of the Minnesota Supreme Court from 1923 to 1933.

## Biography

Samuel B. Wilson was born in Prices Branch, Missouri on May 12, 1873. He graduated from the State Normal School in Mankato, Minnesota (now Minnesota State University) in 1894, and from the University of Minnesota Law School in 1896.

He married Daisy Sheehan on June 21, 1899 and they had six children.

He was active within the Republican Party, and in 1900, he was elected county attorney of Blue Earth County. He was a partner in the law firm Wilson, Blethen, and Ogle.

Wilson served as Chief Justice of the Minnesota Supreme Court from 1923 to 1933.

He died in Mankato on January 24, 1954.

## InfoBox

| Samuel B. Wilson | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Chief Justice of the Minnesota Supreme Court | |
| **In office**
1923–1933 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Samuel Bailey Wilson
(1873-05-12)May 12, 1873
Prices Branch, Missouri |
| Died | January 24, 1954(1954-01-24) (aged 80)
Mankato, Minnesota |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Daisy Sheehan (m. 1899) |
| Children | 6 |
| Education | University of Minnesota Law School |
| Occupation | Jurist |
|  | |


title: Hoëgne

abstract: The Hoëgne is a river in Belgium, a left tributary of the Vesdre. Its source is in the High Fens of eastern Belgium, near the Signal de Botrange. The Hoëgne flows through Theux, and ends in the Vesdre in Pepinster.

text:
# Hoëgne

The **Hoëgne** is a river in Belgium, a left tributary of the Vesdre. Its source is in the High Fens of eastern Belgium, near the Signal de Botrange. The Hoëgne flows through Theux, and ends in the Vesdre in Pepinster.

## InfoBox

| Hoëgne | |
| --- | --- |
| The Hoëgne near Hockai | |
| Location | |
| Country | Belgium |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth | Vesdre |
| coordinates | 50°34′08″N 5°48′06″E / 50.5690°N 5.8018°E / 50.5690; 5.8018 |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | VesdreOurtheMeuseNorth Sea |


title: Samuel C. Lancaster

abstract: Samuel Christopher Lancaster was an American engineer and landscape architect, known for his work on the Columbia River Highway.

text:
# Samuel C. Lancaster

**Samuel Christopher Lancaster** (1864 – March 4, 1941) was an American engineer and landscape architect, known for his work on the Columbia River Highway.

## Biography

Samuel Lancaster was born in Magnolia, Mississippi in 1864, and grew up in Jackson, Tennessee.

He came to Oregon in 1908 and was hired by Sam Hill to design his experimental roads at Maryhill in 1909. He did a plan for the campus of Linfield College before beginning supervision of the Columbia River Highway in 1913. He also promoted Crown Point as the site of an observatory.

Lancaster was instrumental in the building of the 7-mile Larch Mountain Trail, which begins at the Multnomah Falls Lodge and climbs to the summit of Larch Mountain. The trail was completed in September 1915. In October 1915, he founded the Trails Club of Oregon and became its first president.

He died from leukemia at his home in Portland on March 4, 1941.

## InfoBox

| Samuel C. Lancaster | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Samuel Christopher Lancaster
1864 (1864)
Magnolia, Mississippi |
| Died | (aged 76)
Portland, Oregon |
| Occupation(s) | Architect, engineer |


title: Howard Huge

abstract: Howard Huge is a cartoon series written by Bunny Hoest and illustrated by John Reiner. Created by Bill Hoest, the series had 80 million readers, since it ran in the Sunday supplement magazine, Parade from 1980 to 2007, continuing on a website.

text:
# Howard Huge

***Howard Huge*** is a cartoon series written by Bunny Hoest and illustrated by John Reiner. Created by Bill Hoest, the series had 80 million readers, since it ran in the Sunday supplement magazine, *Parade* from 1980 to 2007, continuing on a website.

## Characters and story

The single-panel cartoons feature Howard Huge, an enormous but lovable dog, his family and neighborhood kids. His name was a play on Howard Hughes. Karen L. Miller, writing in the *Reading Eagle* (October 9, 1983), described the dog:

Howard is a pleasant, likable Saint Bernard, who by his very size, gets in the way of the family he lives with, and sometimes, Howard even gets in his own way. He envelops the sofa just by sitting on it. He bathes guests when he only means to show his affection. He befriends animals and almost kills them. Yes. Howard is a friend to man and beast alike; the only thing is nobody knows it... Howard's humorous experiences show us family life at its funniest.

According to Bunny Hoest, the character was based on a real pet acquired when the family was looking for a Labrador Retriever as a companion to an aging black Lab. The kennel was vibrant with lively Labrador puppies, but a quiet, little animal was alone in a small cage. When they took the furry, disheveled dog out for a stretch, he tried his paws and immediately sprawled on his belly.

The kennel owner speculated that the dog had been sent to the wrong kennel (where he remained unwanted) and had been taken from his mother too soon in the breeder's haste to find a Christmas buyer. The family was appalled, and with something less than enthusiasm, they kept looking at the playful Labrador puppies. But the littlest girl held the disheveled dog on her shoulder, where he promptly fell asleep. Without being able to come to a decision, the family started to leave and told her to put the dog back. The good-natured animal kissed her face and lay quietly alone. The family was captivated.

This good-natured, placid puppy was a Saint Bernard who eventually became an enormous, loyal and lovable member of the family for the next 13 years. *Howard Huge* is based on that Saint Bernard.

## Books

The collection, *Howard Huge*, was published by Ballantine Books in 1982. Bunny Hoest did the character as a children's book, *Howard Huge Comes to Stay*, published by Random House Books for Young Readers in 1992.

## Television

Howard Huge was mentioned in an episode of *Family Guy*. It was in Season 7, Episode 11, *Not All Dogs Go to Heaven*.


title: Howard–Bell–Feather House

abstract: Howard–Bell–Feather House, also known as Bell–Feather House and old Feather's place, is a historic home located near Riner, Montgomery County, Virginia, United States. It was built about 1810, and is a one- to two-story, three-bay, banked stone dwelling with a three-room plan. Also on the property is a contributing small frame house dated to the early-20th century. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

text:
# Howard–Bell–Feather House

**Howard–Bell–Feather House**, also known as Bell–Feather House and old Feather's place, is a historic home located near Riner, Montgomery County, Virginia, United States. It was built about 1810, and is a one- to two-story, three-bay, banked stone dwelling with a three-room plan. Also on the property is a contributing small frame house dated to the early-20th century.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Howard–Bell–Feather House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| Virginia Landmarks Register | |
|  | |
| Howard–Bell–Feather House, October 2013 | |
|  | |
| Location | VA 657, 0.5 miles (0.80 km) south of VA 685, near Riner, Virginia |
| Coordinates | 37°4′1″N 80°24′32″W / 37.06694°N 80.40889°W / 37.06694; -80.40889 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | c. 1810 (1810) |
| Architectural style | Three-room plan |
| MPS | Montgomery County MPS |
| NRHP reference No. | 89001887 |
| VLR No. | 060-0024 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | November 13, 1989 |
| Designated VLR | June 20, 1989 |


title: Howard Lake City Hall

abstract: The historic Howard Lake City Hall is a multipurpose government building in Howard Lake, Minnesota, United States, built in 1904. It originally housed the city's government offices, post office, public library, fire department, and public meeting hall. In the 1930s the city began operating a municipal liquor store in the building, which remains the building's primary use today as most other functions have moved to newer facilities. The Howard Lake City Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 for having local significance in the themes of architecture and politics/government. It was nominated as an example of early-20th-century small-town government architecture, and as Howard Lake's most prominent building.

text:
# Howard Lake City Hall

The historic **Howard Lake City Hall** is a multipurpose government building in Howard Lake, Minnesota, United States, built in 1904. It originally housed the city's government offices, post office, public library, fire department, and public meeting hall. In the 1930s the city began operating a municipal liquor store in the building, which remains the building's primary use today as most other functions have moved to newer facilities. The Howard Lake City Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 for having local significance in the themes of architecture and politics/government. It was nominated as an example of early-20th-century small-town government architecture, and as Howard Lake's most prominent building.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Howard Lake City Hall | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Howard Lake City Hall from the southwest | |
|  | |
| Location | 737, 739, and 741 6th Street, Howard Lake, Minnesota |
| Coordinates | 45°3′39.4″N 94°4′12.5″W / 45.060944°N 94.070139°W / 45.060944; -94.070139 |
| Area | Less than one acre |
| Built | 1904 |
| Architect | I.A. Hancock |
| Architectural style | Queen Anne |
| MPS | Wright County MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 79001269 |
| Added to NRHP | December 11, 1979 |


title: Howard Norman

abstract: Howard Alan Norman, is an American writer and educator. Most of his short stories and novels are set in Canada's Maritime Provinces. He has written several translations of Algonquin, Cree, and Inuit folklore. His books have been translated into 12 languages.

text:
# Howard Norman

**Howard Alan Norman** (born 1949), is an American writer and educator. Most of his short stories and novels are set in Canada's Maritime Provinces. He has written several translations of Algonquin, Cree, and Inuit folklore. His books have been translated into 12 languages.

## Early years

Norman was born in Toledo, Ohio. His parents were Russian-Polish-Jewish; they met in a Jewish orphanage. The family moved several times and Norman attended four different elementary schools, including in Grand Rapids, Michigan. His mother watched other kids while his father was away most of the time. He is one of three brothers.

After dropping out of high school, Norman moved to Toronto. Working in Manitoba on a fire crew with Cree Indians, Norman became fascinated with their folkstories and culture. He spent the next sixteen years living and writing in Canada, including the Hudson Bay area and the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. During this time, he received his high school equivalency diploma, and studied later at Western Michigan University Honors College where he received Bachelor of Arts degrees in zoology and English in 1972. In 1974, he earned a Master of Arts degree from the Folklore Institute of Indiana University linguistics and folklore; his Masters thesis was entitled, *Fatal Incidents of Unrequited Love in Folktales Around the World*. For the next three years, he participated in the Michigan Society of Fellows; *The Cree personal name* was published in 1977. Shortly after, his father died in 1996, who Norman had not seen in 20 years.

## Career

> *"I said this in a nonfiction book, and I’ll repeat it at the risk of quoting myself: when I wake up in Halifax or Nova Scotia, there is a shorter distance between my unconscious life and my conscious life than anywhere else, I feel more complete and more whole."* (H.A. Norman, 2004)

Writer

Norman has been a prolific writer in a variety of styles. *How Glooskap Outwits the Ice Giants*, *The owl-scatterer*, and *Between heaven and earth* are written for juvenile audiences. His books on Canadian folklore include *The wishing bone cycle* (Cree), *Who met the ice lynx* (Cree), *Who-Paddled-Backward-With-Trout* (Cree), *The girl who dreamed only geese* (Inuit) *Trickster and the fainting birds* (Algonquin), and *Northern tales* (Eskimo). *Northern Tales*, translated into Italian and Japanese, was Norman's first book translated into a foreign language. *In Fond Remembrance of Me* is not only an English translation of Noah and the Ark stories as told by a Manitoba Inuit elder, it is also a memoir of the friendship that Norman kindles with Helen Tanizaki, a writer who is translating these same stories into Japanese before her death.

Norman describes *The Bird Artist*, a novel, as his most conservative book structurally, though not psychologically. Time magazine named *The Bird Artist* one of its Best Five Books for 1994. It also was awarded the New England Booksellers Association Prize in Fiction, and Norman received a Lannan Literary Award for this book. *The Bird Artist* and *The Northern Lights* were finalists for the National Book Award. *The Northern Lights* was completed with assistance from the Whiting Award. He received the Harold Morton Landon Translation Award from the Academy of American Poets for *The Wishing Bone Cycle*. In *On the trail of a ghost*, an article published by *National Geographic*, Norman writes about Japan's haiku master, Matsuo Bashō's 1200-mile walk in 1689, and the journey's epic log, entitled *Oku no Hosomichi*. His book, *My Famous Evening: Nova Scotia Sojourns, Diaries & Preoccupations* was published under National Geographic's "Directions" travel series. It includes a chapter on the Nova Scotia poet Elizabeth Bishop.

There are also several early books published in small numbers. These include: *The Woe Shirt*, *Arrives Without Dogs*, and *Bay of Fundy Journal*, amongst others.

Teacher

In 1999, Norman taught at Middlebury College in Vermont. Norman became Goucher College's Writer in Residence in 2003. In 2006, he was appointed a Marsh professor at University of Vermont. Norman now teaches creative writing in the Masters of Fine Arts program at the University of Maryland, College Park.

Professional affiliations

Norman has contributed to book review periodicals (*The New York Times Book Review*; *Los Angeles Times Book Review*; *National Geographic Traveler*), participated on literary journals' editorial staff (*Conjunctions*: *Ploughshares*), and been a member of the board of directors for PEN New York and PEN/Faulkner group, Washington, D.C.

## Personal life

Norman met poet Jane Shore in 1981, and they married in 1984. They have a daughter, Emma.

Norman and Shore lived in Cambridge, New Jersey, Oahu, and Vermont, before settling into homes in Chevy Chase, Maryland near Washington, D.C. during the school year, and East Calais, Vermont in the summertime. Their friend, the author David Mamet, Shore's Goddard College classmate, lives nearby.

During the summer of 2003, poet Reetika Vazirani was housesitting the Norman's Chevy Chase home. There, on July 16, she killed her young son before committing suicide.

Howard Norman's papers are housed in the Sowell Collection in the Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library of Texas Tech University.

## Awards

## Partial list of works

* (1976). *The Wishing Bone Cycle: Narrative poems from the Swampy Cree Indians*. ISBN 0-88373-045-6
* (1978). *Who Met the Ice Lynx: Naming stories of the Swampy Cree people*. ISBN 0-916914-02-X
* (1986). *The Owl-Scatterer*. ISBN 0-87113-058-0
* (1987). *Who-Paddled-Backward-With-Trout*. ISBN 0-316-61182-4
* (1987). *The Northern Lights: A novel*. ISBN 0-671-53231-6
* (1989). *How Glooskap Outwits the Ice Giants; and other tales of the Maritime Indians*. ISBN 0-316-61181-6
* (1989). *Kiss in the Hotel Joseph Conrad and other stories*. ISBN 0-671-64419-X
* (1990). *Northern Tales: Traditional stories of Eskimo and Indian peoples*. ISBN 0-394-54060-3
* (1994). *The Bird Artist*. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, ISBN 0-374-11330-0
* (1997). *The Girl Who Dreamed Only Geese, and other tales of the Far North*. ISBN 0-15-230979-9
* (1998). *The Museum Guard*. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, ISBN 0-374-21649-5
* (1999). *Trickster and the Fainting Birds*. ISBN 0-15-200888-8
* (2002). *The Haunting of L*. Farrar, Straus ISBN 0-374-16825-3
* (2004). *Between Heaven and Earth: Bird tales from around the world*. ISBN 0-15-201982-0
* (2004). *My Famous Evening: Nova Scotia sojourns, diaries & preoccupations*. ISBN 0-7922-6630-7
* (2005). *In fond Remembrance of Me*. ISBN 0-86547-680-2
* (2007). *Devotion*. ISBN 978-0-618-73541-9
* (2008). "On the Trail of a Ghost". *National Geographic*. 213 (2), 137149. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society. OCLC 227005140
* (2010) *What Is Left the Daughter* ISBN 978-0-618-73543-3
* (2013). *I Hate to Leave This Beautiful Place*. ISBN 978-0-547-38542-6
* (2014). *Next Life Might Be Kinder*. ISBN 978-0-547-71212-3
* (2017). *My Darling Detective*. ISBN 978-0544236103
* (2019). *The Ghost Clause*. ISBN 978-0544987296
* (2024). *Come to the Window: A Novel*. Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN: 9781324076339

In 1989, in the same issue of International Journal of American Linguistics, the American Indian language scholar Robert Brightman published an article titled "Tricksters and Ethnopoetics" in which he argued that the trickster cycle which appears in "The Wishing Bone Cycle" was originally recorded by the American linguist Leonard Bloomfield from the Cree story teller Maggie Achenam in 1925 and that Norman took Bloomfield's prose version and rewrote it in more poetic language.

## InfoBox

| Howard Norman | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Howard Alan Norman
1949
Toledo, Ohio, U.S. |
| Occupation | Writer, educator |
| Education |  |
| Subject | * Folklore * Fiction |
| Notable works | *The Bird Artist* |
| Notable awards |  |
| Spouse | Jane Shore |
| Children | 1 |
| Website | |
| www.howardnorman.com | |


title: Hoyasemys

abstract: Hoyasemys is an extinct genus of basal eucryptodiran freshwater turtle from Lower Cretaceous deposits of Cuenca Province, Spain. It is known from the holotype MCCM-LH 84, a nearly complete and articulated skeleton including the skull. It was found in the 1980s from the Las Hoyas site of the Calizas de La Huérguina Formation, near La Cierva township, Spain. It was first named by Adán Pérez-García, Marcelo S. de la Fuente and Francisco Ortega in 2011 and the type species is Hoyasemys jimenezi. The generic name is derived from the word Hoyas meaning "the basin" in Spanish, which refers to the Las Hoyas fossil site it was found in, and emys. The specific name honors Dr. Emiliano Jiménez Fuentes.

text:
# Hoyasemys

***Hoyasemys*** (meaning "turtle of Las Hoyas") is an extinct genus of basal eucryptodiran freshwater turtle from Lower Cretaceous (upper Barremian stage) deposits of Cuenca Province, Spain. It is known from the holotype MCCM-LH 84, a nearly complete and articulated skeleton including the skull. It was found in the 1980s from the Las Hoyas site of the Calizas de La Huérguina Formation, near La Cierva township, Spain. It was first named by Adán Pérez-García, Marcelo S. de la Fuente and Francisco Ortega in 2011 and the type species is *Hoyasemys jimenezi*. The generic name is derived from the word *Hoyas* meaning "the basin" in Spanish, which refers to the Las Hoyas fossil site it was found in, and *emys* ("freshwater turtle" in Greek). The specific name honors Dr. Emiliano Jiménez Fuentes.

## Phylogeny

Cladogram after Pérez-García, Fuente & Ortega, 2011:

## InfoBox

| *Hoyasemys*
Temporal range: Early Cretaceous, | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Testudines |
| Suborder: | Cryptodira |
| Infraorder: | Eucryptodira |
| Genus: | *Hoyasemys*
Pérez-García, Fuente & Ortega, 2011 |
|
| Species | |
| * ***H. jimenezi***  Pérez-García, Fuente & Ortega, 2011 (type) | |


title: Hoyer Guitars

abstract: Hoyer Guitars is a German manufacturer of guitars.

text:
# Hoyer Guitars

**Hoyer Guitars** is a German manufacturer of guitars.

## History

Established in 1874 by Franz Hoyer in his workshop in Schönbach (now Luby in the Czech Republic). Hoyer began by making lutes and zithers, and then changed to classic and folk guitars. The company was continued by his son Joseph Hoyer. In 1945 the family left Schönbach and settled in Tennenlohe near Erlangen in Bavaria, Germany. Joseph Hoyer's son Arnold reorganised the Hoyer company and the brand soon became known for its good quality. Among the most notable users of the Hoyer guitar was English guitarist Eric Clapton, who received an acoustic Hoyer guitar for his thirteenth birthday, but the inexpensive steel-stringed instrument was difficult to play and he briefly lost interest. Two years later Clapton picked it up again and started playing consistently. Following Arnold Hoyers passing in 1967, his son Walter took over the Hoyer company and focused more on electric and folk guitars.