title: Pussy (horse)

abstract: Pussy was a Thoroughbred racehorse that won the 1834 Epsom Oaks. In a racing career that lasted from 1833 until 1837, Pussy started 25 times winning eight races. She initially raced under Thomas Cosby's name and was sold in 1835 to Lord Bentinck but raced under the Duke of Richmond's name. Pussy was retired to Bentinck's stud in 1837 but did not produce any noteworthy offspring. She was sold at auction in 1846, and her last foal was born in 1848.

text:
# Pussy (horse)

**Pussy** (1831 – after 1852) was a Thoroughbred racehorse that won the 1834 Epsom Oaks. In a racing career that lasted from 1833 until 1837, Pussy started 25 times winning eight races. She initially raced under Thomas Cosby's name and was sold in 1835 to Lord Bentinck but raced under the Duke of Richmond's name. Pussy was retired to Bentinck's stud in 1837 but did not produce any noteworthy offspring. She was sold at auction in 1846, and her last foal was born in 1848.

## Background

Pussy was bred by Mr. Lechmere Charlton and was foaled in 1831 near Ludford Park in Salop. Pussy's sire, Pollio, stood for 10 sovereigns at the Ludford Stud Farm near Ludlow and was described by the *Racing Calendar* as a "beautiful dark brown, without white, nearly 16 hands high, with very great bone and power." Pussy's dam, Valve, was bred by the Marquess of Sligo and was foaled in Ireland in 1820. Valve's dam, Wire, was a full-sister to the Derby winners Whisker and Whalebone and was a successful racehorse in England and Ireland. Pussy was Valve's fourth foal and the first of two foals sired by Pollio, with Pussy's full-sister Griselda foaled in 1832. Griselda was sold to H. Bland and exported to Belgium in 1835. A half-brother to Pussy, The Steamer (sired by Emilius) was a noted sire of hunters after his racing career "was foiled by his bad legs."

Pussy was a "very dark brown mare, almost black" with "remarkably fine" action. Pussy was sold by Mr. Shackel for £80 "in \[a\] low and ragged condition" to Thomas Cosby. Pussy was trained at Danebury by William Day, the brother of Pussy's regular jockey John Barham Day. Pussy did not train well as a yearling or two-year-old and was noted as having gone "amiss all the summer of 1833."

## Racing career

### 1833: two-year-old season

In June at Ascot, Pussy received a forfeiture from Mr. Ricardo's filly Ellen, and a few days later, was third to the filly Louisa and the colt Comet in a 210-sovereign sweepstakes race. At Goodwood in July, Pussy was beaten in a match race by Mr. Kent's filly Baleine. Thomas Henry Taunton, the author of *Portraits of celebrated racehorses of the past and present*, noted that Pussy was "sadly out of condition at this time." Pussy won a 100-guinea sweepstakes race against General Grosvenor's horse "Dick" and was second to a filly sired by Merlin in the Nursery Handicap run in October at the Houghton Meeting.

### 1834: three-year-old season

On 20 May at Epsom, Pussy ran in the Oaks Stakes against fourteen other horses. The start of the race was delayed for half an hour owing to Mr. Walker's filly Cotillion (the betting favourite) having a "skittish temperament" and trying to jump over the starting rope, which "gave great delight to the spectators." The pacesetter was Lord Jersey's filly Nell Gwynne who maintained the lead until the first turn when she was passed by Colonel Peel's entry Rosalie. Rosalie tired at "the corner" and was overtaken by Mr. Forth's Louisa. Lord Berners's entry May-Day broke her leg and fell after "pulling hard" to outrun Louisa and was euthanised on the racetrack shortly after the race. Pussy overtook Louisa "halfway up the distance" and won by "more than a length" uncontested by Louisa. Louisa finished second followed by "W. Richardson's bay filly by Young Phantom" (later named Lady de Gros) in third. Taunton notes "But for \[May-Day's\] accident, Pussy might have not returned the winner." In June at Ascot, Pussy won the inaugural 500-sovereign Ascot Derby against three other horses including the betting favorite and former Oaks rival Louisa. Commentary in *New Sporting Magazine* asserted that "Pussy was on her own ground and won with even greater ease than she did at Epsom." Pussy's full-sister Griselda won the race by 20 lengths the following year in what was described by the Earl of Errol as something that could "scarcely be called a race", being "more like a hunt".

### 1835: four-year-old season

On 16 June at Ascot, Pussy walked over for the Oatlands Stakes, was second to the colt Lucifer in the His Majesty's Plate held the same day and was unplaced for the Gold Cup the next day. Pussy was third in the Oxfordshire Stakes held 18 August, losing to the colt Paris and the horse Revenge. She won the Egham Stakes against Mr. Martyn's Pincher and at the Second October Meeting at Newmarket was unplaced in the Handicap Plate. Pussy finished the season with a win in a 100-sovereign Handicap Plate, beating Tramp and Lucifer, "winning by a length, without turning a hair." Lord Bentinck purchased Pussy from Mr. Cosby in late 1835, but the mare was registered and raced in the Duke of Richmond's name.

### 1836: five-year-old season

On 4 April at the Craven Meeting, Pussy finished third to the colts Redshank and Coriolanus in the Craven Stakes. At Newmarket a few weeks later, Pussy was second to Mr. Forth's mare Famine in the King's Plate. Pussy was beaten by the colts Knobstick and Jacob Faithful for the gold Cup Stakes run in May at Epsom. At Reigate, Pussy was third for the Gold Cup, losing to Colonel Peel's Jacob Faithful and Mr. Robertson's gelding Olympic. Pussy was unplaced for the Goodwood Stakes and the Duke of Richmond's Plate of £100 run at Goodwood in July and the Brighton Stakes. At Egham on 23 August, Pussy finished second to the colt Lucifer in a gold cup race, was third in the Surrey and Middlesex Stakes and won the Egham Stakes. Pussy won the Rockingham Stakes held at Rochester on 6 September, running against one other horse.

### 1837: six-year-old season

On 24 April at Newmarket, Lord Suffield's colt Alfred beat Pussy in a match race. The next day at the same meeting, Pussy won the King's Plate, beating three other mares. In the last start of her racing career, Pussy finished second in the Jockey Club Plate to the colt Calmuck. She was then "put to the stud." In horseman George Tattersall's opinion, Pussy "fairly earned the character of an industrious mare though \[she was\] scarcely entitled to the name and fame of a good or fortunate racer."

## Stud career

Pussy was retired to Lord Bentinck's stud in 1837. Pussy was sold on 14 September 1846 at Doncaster for 185 guineas. Pussy was purchased by Anton Ritter v. Myslowski and exported to Poland in November 1847. Pussy produced ten foals between 1839 and 1850.

## Pedigree

Pedigree of Pussy (GB), Brown filly, 1831
| Sire
Pollio (GB)
1823 | Orville
1799 | **Beningbrough** | King Fergus |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Fenwicks Herod Mare |
| | Evelina | Highflyer |
| | Termangant |
| | Blue Stockings
1816 | Popinjay | Buzzard |
| | | Boudrow Mare |
| | Briseis | **Beningbrough** |
| | Lady Jane |
| Dam
Valve (IRE)
1820 | Bob Booty
1804 | Chanticleer | Woodpecker |
| | | Eclipse Mare |
| | Ierne | Bagot |
| | Gamahoe Mare |
| | Wire
1811 | Waxy | Pot-8-Os |
| | | Maria |
| | Penelope | Trumpator |
| | Prunella |

## InfoBox

| Pussy | |
| --- | --- |
| Pussy in an 1834 painting by John E. Ferneley | |
| Sire | Pollio |
| Grandsire | Orville |
| Dam | Valve |
| Damsire | Bob Booty |
| Sex | Mare |
| Foaled | 1831 |
| Country | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland |
| Colour | Brown |
| Breeder | Mr. Lechmere Charlton |
| Owner | Thomas Cosby |
| Trainer | W. E. Day |
| Record | 25: 8-7-6 |
| Major wins | |
| Epsom Oaks (1834)
Ascot Derby (1834) | |


title: 799 Gudula

abstract: 799 Gudula is a minor planet orbiting the Sun discovered by German astronomer Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth on 9 March 1915 at the Heidelberg observatory. Photometric observations of this asteroid at the Oakley Observatory in Terre Haute, Indiana, during 2006 gave a light curve with a period of 14.814 ± 0.003 hours and a brightness variation of 0.30 ± 0.03 in magnitude.

text:
# 799 Gudula

**799 Gudula** is a minor planet orbiting the Sun discovered by German astronomer Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth on 9 March 1915 at the Heidelberg observatory.

Photometric observations of this asteroid at the Oakley Observatory in Terre Haute, Indiana, during 2006 gave a light curve with a period of 14.814 ± 0.003 hours and a brightness variation of 0.30 ± 0.03 in magnitude.

## InfoBox

799 Gudula
| Discovery | |
| --- | --- |
| Discovered by | K. Reinmuth |
| Discovery site | Heidelberg Obs. |
| Discovery date | 9 March 1915 |
| Designations | |
| MPC designation | (799) Gudula |
| Pronunciation | /ˈɡjuːdələ/ |
| Alternative designations | 1915 WO |
| Orbital characteristics | |
| Epoch 31 July 2016 (JD 2457600.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 109.04 yr (39828 d) |
| Aphelion | 2.5974 AU (388.57 Gm) |
| Perihelion | 2.4883 AU (372.24 Gm) |
| Semi-major axis | 2.5428 AU (380.40 Gm) |
| Eccentricity | 0.021454 |
| Orbital period (sidereal) | 4.05 yr (1481.0 ) |
| Mean anomaly | 132.296 |
| Mean motion | 0° 14m 35.052s / day |
| Inclination | 5.2827° |
| Longitude of ascending node | 164.879° |
| Argument of perihelion | 238.013° |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mean radius | 21.815±1.25 km |
| Synodic rotation period | 14.814  (0.6173 ) |
| Geometric albedo | 0.0704±0.009 |
| Absolute magnitude *(H)* | 10.2 |
|  | |


title: Physoptila scenica

abstract: Physoptila scenica is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1914. It is found in southern India. The wingspan is 11–13 mm. The forewings are ochreous whitish with an irregular streak of yellow-ochreous suffusion along the fold throughout, and some irregular lighter patches on the dorsal area. The discal stigmata are indicated by undefined spots of yellow-ochreous suffusion, sometimes with a few black specks, the plical by a short fine linear mark of black scales, very obliquely before the first discal. There is a patch of raised whitish scales beneath fold in the middle of the wing and a slightly projecting tuft of raised scales on the middle of the costa, preceded by a blackish dot, from about which proceed two very oblique obscure pale ochreous streaks running together into the apex. An irregular transverse brown blotch is found on the costa at two-thirds, reaching rather more than halfway across the wing, crossing these. The hindwings are grey, thinly scaled and subhyaline in the disc and towards the base. The larvae feed in the shoots of Careya arborea.

text:
# Physoptila scenica

***Physoptila scenica*** is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1914. It is found in southern India.

The wingspan is 11–13 mm. The forewings are ochreous whitish with an irregular streak of yellow-ochreous suffusion along the fold throughout, and some irregular lighter patches on the dorsal area. The discal stigmata are indicated by undefined spots of yellow-ochreous suffusion, sometimes with a few black specks, the plical by a short fine linear mark of black scales, very obliquely before the first discal. There is a patch of raised (probably erectile) whitish scales beneath fold in the middle of the wing and a slightly projecting tuft of raised scales on the middle of the costa, preceded by a blackish dot, from about which proceed two very oblique obscure pale ochreous streaks running together into the apex. An irregular transverse brown blotch is found on the costa at two-thirds, reaching rather more than halfway across the wing, crossing these. The hindwings are grey, thinly scaled and subhyaline (almost glass like) in the disc and towards the base.

The larvae feed in the shoots of *Careya arborea*.

## InfoBox

| *Physoptila scenica* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Genus: | *Physoptila* |
| Species: | ***P. scenica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Physoptila scenica***<br>Meyrick, 1914 | |
|


title: Moot Hall, Newark-on-Trent

abstract: The Moot Hall is a municipal building in the Market Place in Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, England. The building, which was the main municipal building in the town in the 18th century, currently accommodates a Starbucks coffee shop.

text:
# Moot Hall, Newark-on-Trent

The **Moot Hall** is a municipal building in the Market Place in Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, England. The building, which was the main municipal building in the town in the 18th century, currently accommodates a Starbucks coffee shop.

## History

The first municipal building in the town was a medieval building on the north side of the Market Place known as the "King's Hall", so named because of a transaction in 1547 when the Bishop of Lincoln exchanged ownership of the town with the Crown.

In the early 18th century, civic leaders decided to erect a new building on the same site. It was designed in the neoclassical style, built in red brick and was completed in 1708. The design involved a symmetrical main frontage of seven bays facing onto the Market Place. There was a colonnade on the ground floor formed by six Doric order columns which supported the upper floors: this allowed markets to be held on the ground floor. The building was fenestrated by sash windows on the first and second floors and there were three dormer windows at attic level. The coat of arms of the then lord of the manor, John Holles, Duke of Newcastle, whose seat was at Clumber Park, was affixed to the building at second floor level.

The building continued to serve as the meeting place for the borough officials and the venue for hearings of the manorial court as well as the quarter sessions until Newark Town Hall was completed in 1776. In the late 18th century, the building, which was still known as the "King's Hall", was described as "an extensive brick-built dwelling-house and large shop, heretofore occupied by Messrs. Fisher and Fillingham." It was bought by Henry Pelham-Clinton, 4th Duke of Newcastle in 1836 and subsequently continued to be used as shops. In 1924, it was acquired by a radio and music shop, A. F. Coyne, and in 1963, after Coynes went into liquidation, it was bought by the electrical retailer, Currys. By that time the building was at risk of collapse, and under the management of Currys, it was completely dismantled and rebuilt around a modern steel frame, to a design by Robert Ingram, in the mid-1960s.

In the early 21st century, the building changed hands again, becoming a branch of the coffee shop, Starbucks.

## InfoBox

| Moot Hall, Newark-on-Trent | |
| --- | --- |
| Moot Hall, Newark-on-Trent | |
| Location | Market Place, Newark-on-Trent |
| Coordinates | 53°04′35″N 0°48′32″W / 53.0765°N 0.8088°W / 53.0765; -0.8088 |
| Built | 1708 |
| Architectural style(s) | Neoclassical style |
|  | |
| Shown in Nottinghamshire | |


title: Ralph Willis (blues musician)

abstract: Ralph Willis was an American Piedmont blues and country blues singer, guitarist and songwriter. Some of his Savoy records were released under the pseudonyms Washboard Pete, Alabama Slim, and Sleepy Joe. His famous song is "Christmas Blues".

text:
# Ralph Willis (blues musician)

**Ralph Willis** (c. 1910  June 11, 1957) was an American Piedmont blues and country blues singer, guitarist and songwriter. Some of his Savoy records were released under the pseudonyms **Washboard Pete**, **Alabama Slim**, and **Sleepy Joe**. His famous song is "Christmas Blues" (credited to Washboard Pete).

## Biography

Sources suggest that Willis was born either near Birmingham, Alabama, or at Irvin, Wilkes County, Georgia. In the late 1930s, he moved to North Carolina and started to play with musicians who were familiar with Blind Boy Fuller. Willis made his first recordings in 1944 and continued recording until 1953, issuing fifty tracks on several labels, including Savoy, Signature, 20th Century, Abbey, Jubilee, Prestige, Par, and King.

Like Gabriel Brown, Alec Seward and Brownie McGhee, Willis relocated to New York City. At first he was recorded on his own, but eventually his record companies frequently paired him with accompanists. Judson Coleman joined Willis on his 20th Century recordings, and McGhee was employed in 1949. McGhee and Sonny Terry contributed to Willis's later recordings.

Willis played in various musical styles, from slow blues to up-tempo country dance tracks. However, he spurned the growing popularity of folk blues and R&B. He was musically conscious of Blind Lemon Jefferson and Luke Jordan, but in his later recordings his guitar style leaned towards the booming resonance of Lightnin' Hopkins.

Willis died in New York City in June 1957, a week before his 48th birthday. His cause of death was unknown.

## Selected discography

### Albums

* *Faded Picture Blues* (King, 1970)
* *Carolina Blues* (Blues Classics, 1974)
* *Ralph Willis Vol. 1 1944–1951* (Document, 1994)
* *Ralph Willis Vol. 2 1951–1953* (Document, 1994)
* *Hop on Down the Line: The (Almost) Complete Recordings* (Jasmine, 2019)

### Singles (selected)

* "Cool That Thing" (1949)
* "Shake That Thing" (1949)
* "Alabama Blues" (1961)
* "More Ralph Willis" (1971)
* "Boar Hog Blues" (1971)

## InfoBox

| Ralph Willis | |
| --- | --- |
| Also known as | Ralph "Bama" Willis
Alabama Slim
Washboard Pete
Sleepy Joe |
| Born | c. 1910
Near Birmingham, Alabama, United States (possible) |
| Died | June 11, 1957
New York, New York, United States |
| Genres | Piedmont blues, country blues |
| Occupation(s) | Singer, guitarist, songwriter |
| Instrument(s) | Vocals, guitar |
| Years active | Late 1930s1953 |
| Labels | Savoy Records
King Records
Various |


title: Ralph O. Yardley

abstract: Ralph O. Yardley was an American cartoonist who was described by The Honolulu Star-Bulletin as "one of America's widely-known cartoonists." Over the course of his 57-year career, his cartoons were published in The San Francisco Examiner, the Pacific Commercial Advertiser, later known as The Honolulu Advertiser), The New York Globe, and The Stockton Record.

text:
# Ralph O. Yardley

**Ralph O. Yardley** (1878 - December 6, 1961) was an American cartoonist who was described by *The Honolulu Star-Bulletin* as "one of America's widely-known cartoonists." Over the course of his 57-year career, his cartoons were published in *The San Francisco Examiner*, the *Pacific Commercial Advertiser*, later known as *The Honolulu Advertiser*), *The New York Globe*, and *The Stockton Record*.

## InfoBox

| Ralph O. Yardley | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1878
Stockton, California, U.S. |
| Died | December 6, 1961
Stockton, California, U.S. |
| Occupation | Cartoonist |
| Children | 2 daughters |


title: Merimandroso

abstract: Merimandroso is a town and commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Ambohidratrimo, which is a part of Analamanga Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 14,545 in 2018.

text:
# Merimandroso

**Merimandroso** is a town and commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Ambohidratrimo, which is a part of Analamanga Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 14,545 in 2018.

## References and notes

## InfoBox

| Merimandroso | |
| --- | --- |
| MerimandrosoLocation in Madagascar | |
| Coordinates: 18°45′S 47°31′E / 18.750°S 47.517°E / -18.750; 47.517 | |
| Country | Madagascar |
| Region | Analamanga |
| District | Ambohidratrimo (district) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 14,545 |
| Time zone | UTC3 (EAT) |
| postal code | 105 |


title: Nilotpal Basu

abstract: Nilotpal Basu is an Indian politician. He was a Member of Parliament, representing West Bengal in the Rajya Sabha the upper house of India's Parliament as a member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist). He runs an NGO called Grameen Sanchar Society (GRASSO) which started a Mobile PCO scheme in West Bengal with state and BSNL support. Basu got into controversy after bank loans taken by the GRASSO were not repaid.

text:
# Nilotpal Basu

**Nilotpal Basu** is an Indian politician. He was a Member of Parliament, representing West Bengal in the Rajya Sabha the upper house of India's Parliament as a member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist). He runs an NGO called Grameen Sanchar Society (GRASSO) which started a Mobile PCO scheme in West Bengal with state and BSNL support. Basu got into controversy after bank loans taken by the GRASSO were not repaid.

## InfoBox

| Nilotpal Basu | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
April 2018 | |
| Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha | |
| **In office**
1994–2006 | |
| Constituency | West Bengal |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1956-12-31) 31 December 1956 |
| Political party | Communist Party of India (Marxist) |
| Source: | |


title: Gonzalo Rodríguez Lafora

abstract: Gonzalo Rodríguez Lafora was a Spanish neurologist and psychiatrist. He was a disciple of Nicolás Achúcarro and Santiago Ramón y Cajal and one of the most brilliant examples of the Spanish Neurological School. He was best known now for describing the intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in "Lafora disease". In total, he published approximately 200 papers covering a wide range of subjects in neurology, psychiatry, and neuropathology. He made seminal contributions not only to the clinical and scientific literature but also to the training of many noted disciples who paid him due homage as a true "maestro." Throughout his intellectual endeavors, Lafora manifested a singular purpose and intensity and a burning devotion to scientific honesty. In 1910, Fritz Heinrich Lewy discovered what became known as Lewy bodies, and compared them to earlier findings by Lafora. In 1913, Lafora described another case, and acknowledged Lewy as the discoverer, naming them cuerpos intracelulares de Lewy. Konstantin Nikolaevich Trétiakoff found them in 1919 in the substantia nigra of PD brains, called them corps de Lewy and is credited with the eponym. Eliasz Engelhardt argued in 2017 that Lafora should be credited with the eponym, because he named them six years before Trétiakoff.

text:
# Gonzalo Rodríguez Lafora

**Gonzalo Rodríguez Lafora** (25 July 1886 – 27 December 1971) was a Spanish neurologist and psychiatrist. He was a disciple of Nicolás Achúcarro and Santiago Ramón y Cajal and one of the most brilliant examples of the Spanish Neurological School (or Cajal School). He was best known now for describing (in 1911) the intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in "Lafora disease". In total, he published approximately 200 papers covering a wide range of subjects in neurology, psychiatry, and neuropathology. He made seminal contributions not only to the clinical and scientific literature but also to the training of many noted disciples who paid him due homage as a true "maestro." Throughout his intellectual endeavors, Lafora manifested a singular purpose and intensity and a burning devotion to scientific honesty.

In 1910, Fritz Heinrich Lewy discovered what became known as Lewy bodies, and compared them to earlier findings by Lafora. In 1913, Lafora described another case, and acknowledged Lewy as the discoverer, naming them *cuerpos intracelulares de Lewy* (Lewy bodies). Konstantin Nikolaevich Trétiakoff found them in 1919 in the substantia nigra of PD brains, called them *corps de Lewy* and is credited with the eponym. Eliasz Engelhardt argued in 2017 that Lafora should be credited with the eponym, because he named them six years before Trétiakoff.

Lafora GR, Glueck B. (1911) Beitrag zur Histopathologie der myoklonischen Epilepsie. *Zeitschrift für die gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie* 6: 1– 14.

## InfoBox

| Gonzalo Rodríguez Lafora | |
| --- | --- |
| Gonzalo Rodríguez Lafora | |
| Born | 25 July 1886
Madrid |
| Died | 27 December 1971 (1971-12-28) (aged 85)
Madrid |
| Nationality | Spanish |
| Known for | Lafora disease |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | neurology |
|  | |


title: Open web steel joist

abstract: In structural engineering, the open web steel joist (OWSJ) is a lightweight steel truss consisting, in the standard form, of parallel chords and a triangulated web system, proportioned to span between bearing points. The main function of an OWSJ is to provide direct support for roof or floor deck and to transfer the load imposed on the deck to the structural frame i.e. beam and column. In order to accurately design an OWSJ, engineers consider the joist span between bearing points, joist spacing, slope, live loads, dead loads, collateral loads, seismic loads, wind uplift, deflection criteria and maximum joist depth allowed. Many steel joist manufacturers supply economical load tables in order to allow designers to select the most efficient joist sizes for their projects. While OWSJs can be adapted to suit a wide variety of architectural applications, the greatest economy will be realized when utilizing standard details, which may vary from one joist manufacturer to another. Some other shapes, in addition to the parallel top and bottom chord, are single slope, double slope, arch, gable and scissor configurations. These shapes may not be available from all joist manufacturers, and are usually supplied at a premium cost that reflects the complexity required. The manufacture of OWSJ in North America is overseen by the Steel Joist Institute (SJI). The SJI has worked since 1928 to maintain sound engineering practice throughout the industry. As a non-profit organization of active manufacturers, the Institute cooperates with governmental and business agencies to establish steel joist standards. Continuing research and updating are included in this work. Load tables and specifications are published by the SJI in five categories: K-Series, LH-Series, DLH-Series, CJ-Series, and Joist Girders. Load tables are available in both Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD).

text:
# Open web steel joist

In structural engineering, the **open web steel joist** (OWSJ) is a lightweight steel truss consisting, in the standard form, of parallel chords and a triangulated web system, proportioned to span between bearing points.

The main function of an OWSJ is to provide direct support for roof or floor deck and to transfer the load imposed on the deck to the structural frame i.e. beam and column.

In order to accurately design an OWSJ, engineers consider the joist span between bearing points, joist spacing, slope, live loads, dead loads, collateral loads, seismic loads, wind uplift, deflection criteria and maximum joist depth allowed. Many steel joist manufacturers supply economical load tables in order to allow designers to select the most efficient joist sizes for their projects.

While OWSJs can be adapted to suit a wide variety of architectural applications, the greatest economy will be realized when utilizing standard details, which may vary from one joist manufacturer to another. Some other shapes, in addition to the parallel top and bottom chord, are single slope, double slope, arch, gable and scissor configurations. These shapes may not be available from all joist manufacturers, and are usually supplied at a premium cost that reflects the complexity required.

The manufacture of OWSJ in North America is overseen by the Steel Joist Institute (SJI). The SJI has worked since 1928 to maintain sound engineering practice throughout the industry. As a non-profit organization of active manufacturers, the Institute cooperates with governmental and business agencies to establish steel joist standards. Continuing research and updating are included in this work. Load tables and specifications are published by the SJI in five categories: K-Series, LH-Series, DLH-Series, CJ-Series, and Joist Girders. Load tables are available in both Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD).

## History

The first joist in 1923 was a Warren truss type, with top and bottom chords of round bars and a web formed from a single continuous bent bar. Various other types were developed, but problems also followed because each manufacturer had their own design and fabrication standards. Architects, engineers and builders found it difficult to compare rated capacities and to use fully the economies of steel joist construction.

Members of the industry began to organize the institute, and in 1928 the first standard specifications were adopted, followed in 1929 by the first load table. The joists covered by these early standards were later identified as open web steel joists, SJ-Series.

## K-Series

Open Web Steel Joists, K-Series, were primarily developed to provide structural support for floors and roofs of buildings. They possess multiple advantages and features which have resulted in their wide use and acceptance throughout the United States and other countries.

K-Series Joists are standardized regarding depths, spans, and load-carrying capacities. There are 63 separate designations in the Load Tables, representing joist depths from 10 inches (250 mm) through 30 inches (760 mm) in 2 inches (51 mm) increments and spans through 60 feet (18,000 mm). Standard K-Series Joists have a 2+12 inches (64 mm) end bearing depth so that, regardless of the overall joist depths, the tops of the joists lie in the same plane. Seat depths deeper than 2+12 inches (64 mm) can also be specified.

Standard K-Series Joists are designed for simple span uniform loading which results in a parabolic moment diagram for chord forces and a linearly sloped shear diagram for web forces. When non-uniform and/or concentrated loads are encountered the shear and moment diagrams required may be shaped quite differently and may not be covered by the shear and moment design envelopes of a standard K-Series Joist. When conditions such as this arise, a KCS joist may be a good option.

### KCS Joists

KCS (K-Series Constant Shear) joists are designed in accordance with the Standard Specification for K-Series Joists.

KCS joist chords are designed for a flat positive moment envelope. The moment capacity is constant at all interior panels. All webs are designed for a vertical shear equal to the specified shear capacity and interior webs will be designed for 100% stress reversal.

## LH- and DLH-Series

Longspan (LH) and Deep Longspan (DLH) Steel Joists are relatively light weight shop-manufactured steel trusses used in the direct support of floor or roof slabs or decks between walls, beams, and main structural members.

The LH- and DLH-Series have been designed for the purpose of extending the use of joists to spans and loads in excess of those covered by Open Web Steel Joists, K-Series.

LH-Series Joists have been standardized in depths from 18 inches (460 mm) through 48 inches (1,200 mm), for spans through 96 feet (29,000 mm).

DLH-Series Joists have been standardized in depths from 52 inches (1,300 mm) through 120 inches (3,000 mm), for spans up through 240 feet (73,000 mm).

Longspan and Deep Longspan Steel Joists can be furnished with either underslung or square ends, with parallel chords or with single or double pitched top chords to provide sufficient slope for roof drainage. Square end joists are primarily intended for bottom chord bearing.

The depth of the bearing seat at the ends of underslung LH- and DLH-Series Joists have been established at 5 inches (130 mm) for chord section number 2 through 17. A bearing seat depth of 7+12 inches (190 mm) has been established for the DLH Series chord section number 18 through 25.

## CJ-Series

Open Web Composite Steel Joists, CJ-Series, were developed to provide structural support for floors and roofs which incorporate an overlying concrete slab while also allowing the steel joist and slab to act together as an integral unit after the concrete has adequately cured.

The CJ-Series Joists are capable of supporting larger floor or roof loadings due to the attachment of the concrete slab to the top chord of the composite joist. Shear connection between the concrete slab and steel joist is typically made by the welding of shear studs through the steel deck to the underlying CJ-Series Composite Steel Joist.

## Joist Girders

Joist Girders are open web steel trusses used as primary framing members. They are designed as simple spans supporting equally spaced concentrated loads for a floor or roof system. These concentrated loads are considered to act at the panel points of the Joist Girders.

These members have been standardized for depths from 20 to 120 inches (510 to 3,050 mm), and spans to 120 feet (37,000 mm).

The standard depth at the bearing ends has been established at 7+12 inches (190 mm) for all Joist Girders. Joist Girders are usually attached to the columns by bolting with two 34 inch (19 mm) diameter A325 bolts.

1. *Standard Specifications for K-Series, LH-Series, DLH-Series Open Web Steel Joists and for Joist Girders*. SJI 100 (44th ed.). Florence, SC: Steel Joist Institute. 2015.
2. *Standard Specifications for Composite Steel Joists*. CJ-Series (1st ed.). Florence, SC: Steel Joist Institute. 2007.


title: Glen Levit, New Brunswick

abstract: Glen Levit is an unincorporated community in Restigouche County, New Brunswick, Canada.

text:
# Glen Levit, New Brunswick

**Glen Levit** is an unincorporated community in Restigouche County, New Brunswick, Canada.

## History

In 1866, only 18 families resided in the lumber and farming town. By 1898, two churches and a post office had been erected.

1. New Brunswick Provincial Archives - Glen Levit
2. "Provincial Archives of New Brunswick". *archives.gnb.ca*. Retrieved 2016-03-10.

## InfoBox

| Glen Levit | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| **Location of Glen Levit, New Brunswick** | |
| Coordinates: 47°58′00″N 66°51′00″W / 47.966667°N 66.85°W / 47.966667; -66.85 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | New Brunswick |
| County | Restigouche |
| Parish | Addington |
| Electoral Districts
Federal |
Madawaska—Restigouche |
| Provincial | Restigouche West |
| Government | |
| Type | Local service district |
| Time zone | UTC-4 (AST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-3 (ADT) |
| Postal code(s) | E3N * 0A1 * 4V6-4V9 * 4W1-4W3, 4W8 * 4X4 * 4Y8-4Y9 * 4Z1-4Z9 * 5A1-5A3 |
| Area code | 506 |
| Access Routes | Route 17 |


title: 79 Cancri

abstract: 79 Cancri is a star in the constellation Cancer, located 400 light years from the Sun. It is just visible to the naked eye as a dim, yellow-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 6.04. This object is gradually moving slower to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −3.2 km/s. This is an aging giant star with a stellar classification of G5 III, which indicates that, at the age of 770 million years, it has exhausted the hydrogen at its core and evolved away from the main sequence. The star has 2.30 times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to 9.4 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 58 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,076 K.

text:
# 79 Cancri

**79 Cancri** is a star in the constellation Cancer, located 400 light years from the Sun. It is just visible to the naked eye as a dim, yellow-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 6.04. This object is gradually moving slower to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −3.2 km/s.

This is an aging giant star with a stellar classification of G5 III, which indicates that, at the age of 770 million years, it has exhausted the hydrogen at its core and evolved away from the main sequence. The star has 2.30 times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to 9.4 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 58 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,076 K.

## InfoBox

79 Cancri
| Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0 | |
| --- | --- |
| Constellation | Cancer |
|
| Right ascension | 09h 10m 20.85841s |
| Declination | +21° 59 47.1000 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 6.04 |
| Characteristics | |
| Evolutionary stage | giant |
| Spectral type | G5 III |
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| B−V color index | 0.871 |
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| Astrometry | |
|  | |
| **Radial velocity (Rv)** | −3.24±0.13 km/s |
| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: +2.933 mas/yr
Dec.: +5.027 mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 8.1569 ± 0.0676 mas |
| **Distance** | 400 ± 3 ly
(123 ± 1 pc) |
| **Absolute magnitude (MV)** | 0.78 |
|  | |
| Details | |
|  | |
| **Mass** | 2.30 |
| **Radius** | 9.41+0.38
−0.57 |
| **Luminosity** | 57.6±0.6 |
| **Surface gravity (log *g*)** | 2.88 cgs |
| **Temperature** | 5,076±47 |
| **Metallicity** \[Fe/H\] | −0.10 dex |
| **Age** | 770 Myr |
|  | |
| Other designations | |
| 79 Cnc, BD+22°2063, GC 12655, HD 78715, HIP 45033, HR 3640, SAO 80674, WDS 09103+2200 | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |


title: William Garner Sutherland

abstract: William Garner Sutherland, D.O. (1873–1954) was an American osteopathic physician and important figure in American osteopathic medicine. Several of his manual therapy techniques are still practiced today by practitioners of osteopathy, although craniosacral therapy is regarded as pseudoscience by the medical community. Sutherland was the first osteopathic physician to conceptualize the cranial approach and teach it systematically. However, Sutherland acknowledged Andrew Taylor Still as the developer of all osteopathy, including the cranial approach. Sutherland was the first person to claim to feel a rhythmic shape change in the bones of the cranium. He later applied this movement to all body tissues and this movement is the agent of change in dysfunctional tissues. He later named this motion the body's "Primary Respiration."

text:
# William Garner Sutherland

**William Garner Sutherland, D.O.** (1873–1954) was an American osteopathic physician and important figure in American osteopathic medicine. Several of his manual therapy techniques are still practiced today by practitioners of osteopathy, although craniosacral therapy is regarded as pseudoscience by the medical community. Sutherland was the first osteopathic physician to conceptualize the cranial approach and teach it systematically. However, Sutherland acknowledged Andrew Taylor Still as the developer of all osteopathy, including the cranial approach. Sutherland was the first person to claim to feel a rhythmic shape change in the bones of the cranium. He later applied this movement to all body tissues and this movement is the agent of change in dysfunctional tissues. He later named this motion the body's "Primary Respiration."

## Education

William Sutherland graduated in 1900 from the American School of Osteopathy, which is now A.T. Still University.

## Contributions to osteopathy

A list of techniques and concepts which Sutherland had significant impact on:

In the United States, Sutherland's approach today is being taught to physicians and dentists by the Osteopathic Cranial Academy, the Sutherland Cranial Teaching Foundation and the Osteopathic Center for Children and Families.

From there, his teachings have since spread worldwide, including Australia and New Zealand by the SCTF of ANZ as well as in the UK and Central and Eastern Europe and Japan.

His writings include *The Cranial Bowl*, *Contributions of Thought*, *Teachings in the Science of Osteopathy*. His wife, Adah, wrote his biography, *With Thinking Fingers*, which details his exploration of the cranial concept. "Osteopathy in the Cranial Field," written by one of his students, Harold Magoun, DO, is the main textbook of his work.

It has been speculated that Sutherland borrowed ideas directly from the 1882 English translation of Swedenborg's writings on brain physiology.


title: Ralph Williams (footballer)

abstract: Ralph Shipley Williams was a Welsh professional footballer who played as a centre forward in the Football League for a number of clubs, most notably Chesterfield and Cardiff City.

text:
# Ralph Williams (footballer)

**Ralph Shipley Williams** (2 October 1905 – 1 March 1985) was a Welsh professional footballer who played as a centre forward in the Football League for a number of clubs, most notably Chesterfield and Cardiff City.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
| Club | Season | League | | | FA Cup | | Other | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Brentford | 1924–25 | Third Division South | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 |  | | 7 | 1 |
| Chesterfield | 1927–28 | Third Division North | 31 | 15 | 1 | 0 |  | | 32 | 15 |
| Cardiff City | 1929–30 | Second Division | 16 | 11 |  | |  | | 16 | 11 |
| | 1930–31 | | 14 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 6 |
| | Total | | 30 | 17 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 32 | 17 |
| Rochdale | 1932–33 | Third Division North | 8 | 1 |  | | 0 | 0 | 8 | 1 |
| Southport | 1932–33 | Third Division North | 12 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 15 | 3 |
| Career total | | | 88 | 37 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 94 | 37 |

1. Appearance in Lancashire Senior Cup

## InfoBox

Ralph Williams
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Ralph Shipley Williams | | |
| Date of birth | 2 October 1905 | | |
| Place of birth | Aberaman, Wales | | |
| Date of death | 1 March 1985(1985-03-01) (aged 79) | | |
| Place of death | Aberaman, Wales | | |
| Position(s) | Centre forward | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Aberaman Athletic |  |  |
|  | Aberdare Athletic |  |  |
| 1924–1925 | Brentford | 7 | (1) |
|  | Aberaman Athletic |  |  |
|  | Poole Town |  |  |
| 1927 | Chesterfield | 31 | (15) |
|  | Manchester Central |  |  |
|  | Colwyn Bay United |  |  |
| 1929–1931 | Cardiff City | 30 | (17) |
| 1931–1932 | Crewe Alexandra | 13 | (16) |
| 1932 | Rochdale | 8 | (1) |
| 1932–1933 | Southport | 12 | (3) |
|  | Merthyr Town |  |  |
|  | Lovell's Athletic |  |  |
|  | Aberdare Town |  |  |
|  | Bangor City |  |  |
|  | Rhyl |  |  |
|  | Aberdare Town |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Ram Asur

abstract: Ram Asur is a 2021 Indian Telugu-language sci-fi drama film written and directed by Venkatesh Triparna. This film is produced under the banners ASP Media House and GV Ideas by Abhinav Sardhar and Venkatesh Triparna. It stars Abhinav Sardhar, Ram Karthik, Chandini Tamilarasan, Sherry Agarwal while Suman and Subhalekha Sudhakar play important roles. The music is composed by Bheems Ceciroleo and cinematography by J. Prabhakara Reddy. Ram Asur was released theatrically on 19 November 2021.

text:
# Ram Asur

***Ram Asur*** is a 2021 Indian Telugu-language sci-fi drama film written and directed by Venkatesh Triparna. This film is produced under the banners ASP Media House and GV Ideas by Abhinav Sardhar and Venkatesh Triparna. It stars Abhinav Sardhar, Ram Karthik, Chandini Tamilarasan, Sherry Agarwal while Suman and Subhalekha Sudhakar play important roles. The music is composed by Bheems Ceciroleo and cinematography by J. Prabhakara Reddy. *Ram Asur* was released theatrically on 19 November 2021.

## Plot

Ram (Ram Karthik) tries to artificially generate a diamond. No matter how much he tries, he fails in his sincere attempts. His girlfriend Priya (Sherry Agarwal) decides to dump him for a reason. With the aim of limping back in life, he meets an astrologer Ramachari (Shubhalekha Sudhakar) who advises him to meet one Suri (Abhinav Sardhar). Now, Suri comes with an unconventional past. How Ram's tryst with this unusual man unfolds and the repercussions of their coming together is the rest of the story.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

| Ram Asur | |
| --- | --- |
| Soundtrack album by Bheems Ceciroleo | |
| Released | 2021 |
| Recorded | 2021 |
| Genre | Soundtrack |
| Producer | Bheems Ceciroleo |
| Bheems Ceciroleo chronology | |
| *FCUK: Father Chitti Umaa Kaarthik*
(2021) ***Ram Asur***
(2021) *Suraapanam*
(2022) | |

Music composed by Bheems Ceciroleo

Tracklist
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Singer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Em Chesavo Maya" | Bheems Ceciroleo | Shrideep | 4:02 |
| 2. | "Nakashikamuni" | Suresh Upadhyaya | Swathi Reddy | 3:09 |
| Total length: | | | | 7:11 |

## InfoBox

| Ram Asur | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Venkatesh Triparna |
| Written by | Venkatesh Triparna |
| Produced by | Venkatesh Triparna
Abhinav Sardhar |
| Starring | Abhinav Sardhar
Ram Karthik
Chandini Tamilarasan
Sherry Agarwal
Suman |
| Cinematography | J. Prabhakara Reddy |
| Edited by | Basva Paidireddy |
| Music by | Bheems Ceciroleo |
| Production
companies | ASP Media House
GV Ideas |
| Release date | * 19 November 2021 (2021-11-19) |
| Running time | 132 Minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Telugu |
| Budget | 3.5 crores |
| Box office | 5 crores |


title: Wang Tanzhi

abstract: Wang Tanzhi, also known by his courtesy name Wéndù (文度), was an official in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, during the 4th century CE. He had served under the general Huan Wen until the latter's death in 373. He, together with Xie An, became the guardian of the young Emperor Xiaowu of Jin, but he died less than three years after Xiaowu became emperor.

text:
# Wang Tanzhi

**Wang Tanzhi** (Chinese: 王坦之; pinyin: *Wáng Tǎnzhī*; Wade–Giles: *Wang-t'an-shih*) (330 - 16 June 375), also known by his courtesy name **Wéndù** (文度), was an official in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, during the 4th century CE. He had served under the general Huan Wen until the latter's death in 373. He, together with Xie An, became the guardian of the young Emperor Xiaowu of Jin, but he died less than three years after Xiaowu became emperor.


title: Nir Ben-Tal

abstract: Nir Ben-Tal is the Abraham E. Kazan Chair of Structural Biology at Tel Aviv University.

text:
# Nir Ben-Tal

**Nir Ben-Tal** is the Abraham E. Kazan Chair of Structural Biology at Tel Aviv University

## Early life

Nir Ben-Tal is a professor at Tel Aviv University, where he has held the Abraham E. Kazan Chair of Structural Biology since 2018 as a member of the School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry & Biophysics. He received his undergraduate degree in Biology, Chemistry and Physics from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1988 and his DSc in Chemistry at the Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, in 1993.

## Career

His research group at Tel Aviv University developed Conservation Surface Mapping (ConSurf) in response to certain algorithmic limitations. He received a 2018 NATO Science for Peace and Security Programme Prize in radiological and nuclear (CBRN) defence for his project “The Anthrax MntABC Transporter: Structure, Functional Dynamics and Drug Discovery”. In 2022 he co-authored the book *From Molecules to Cells: The Origin of Life on Earth*, which hypothesizes on the beginning of life on Earth. Over his career he has published articles in scientific journals as well as scientific textbooks such as *Introduction to Proteins: Structure, Function and Motion*.

## InfoBox

| Nir Ben-Tal | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nationality | Israeli |
| Alma mater | The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology |
| Known for | ConSurf software and web-site (https://consurf.tau.ac.il/) |
| Awards | Alon Foundation Excellence Fellowship, The Wolf Foundation Award of Excellence, The TEVA Foundation Award of Excellence |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Computational structural biology |
| Institutions | Tel Aviv University |
|  | |
| Website | https://www.bentalab.com |


title: Rachitic rosary

abstract: The prominent knobs of bone at the costochondral joints of rickets patients are known as a rachitic rosary or beading of the ribs. The knobs create the appearance of large beads under the skin of the rib cage, hence the name by analogy with the beads of a Catholic Christian rosary.

text:
# Rachitic rosary

The prominent knobs of bone at the costochondral joints of rickets patients are known as a **rachitic rosary** or **beading of the ribs**. The knobs create the appearance of large beads under the skin of the rib cage, hence the name by analogy with the beads of a Catholic Christian rosary.

## Causes

Causes include:

* Rickets : Nodularity at costochondral junction (rachitic rosary).
* Scurvy : More angular costochondral junction with a sharper step-off (scorbutic rosary) and depressed sternum.
* Chondrodystrophy

## Pathophysiology

Rachitic rosary is due to a deficiency of calcium resulting in lack of mineralization and an overgrowth of costochondral joint cartilage. The calcium deficiency may be caused by rickets or other causes of calcium deficiency such as hypoparathyroidism.

## Diagnosis

Palpation ( Beads formation), on chest X-ray

## Management

Will be present throughout the life (rickets should be treated first)

## InfoBox

| Rachitic rosary | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Rachitic rosary on chest radiograph | |


title: Optoelectrofluidics

abstract: Optoelectrofluidics, also known as optically induced electrohydrodynamics, refers to the study of the motions of particles or molecules and their interactions with optically-induced electric field and the surrounding fluid. This concept includes electrothermal vortex, electrophoresis, dielectrophoresis, and electroosmosis induced by combination of optical and electrical energy or by optical-electrical energy transfer. In 1995, an electrothermal vortices induced by a strong IR (infrared) laser projected into an electric field have been utilized to concentrate microparticles and molecules. In 2000, UV(ultraviolet) pattern projected onto ITO electrode has been applied for patterning colloidal particles. Illumination of the ITO electrode by UV light results in a small increase in the current from the generation of electron-hole pairs at the ITO/water interface. In 2005, optoelectronic tweezers (OET), wherein a photoconductive material was utilized to induce electric field using the optical decrement of electrical resistance on a partially illuminated area, has been reported. After that, many researches in several view-points have been performed as below.

text:
# Optoelectrofluidics

**Optoelectrofluidics**, also known as optically induced electrohydrodynamics, refers to the study of the motions of particles or molecules and their interactions with optically-induced electric field and the surrounding fluid.

This concept includes electrothermal vortex, electrophoresis, dielectrophoresis, and electroosmosis induced by combination of optical and electrical energy or by optical-electrical energy transfer.

In 1995, an electrothermal vortices induced by a strong IR (infrared) laser projected into an electric field have been utilized to concentrate microparticles and molecules. In 2000, UV(ultraviolet) pattern projected onto ITO (indium tin oxide) electrode has been applied for patterning colloidal particles. Illumination of the ITO electrode by UV light results in a small increase in the current from the generation of electron-hole pairs at the ITO/water interface. In 2005, optoelectronic tweezers (OET), wherein a photoconductive material was utilized to induce electric field using the optical decrement of electrical resistance on a partially illuminated area, has been reported. After that, many researches in several view-points have been performed as below.

## Display Devices

1. DMD(digital micromirror device)-based Optoelectronic Tweezers (OET) : P.Y. Chiou, *et al.*, *Nature* **436**, pp. 370-372 (2005)
2. Projector-based Image Dielectrophoresis (iDEP) : Y.-s. Lu, *et al.*, *Opt. Quant. Elec.* **37**, pp. 1385-1395 (2006)
3. LCD(liquid crystal display)-based Lab-on-a-Display (LOD) : W. Choi, *et al.*, *Microfluid. Nanofluid.* **3**, pp. 217-225 (2007)
4. Lens-integrated LCD-based System : H. Hwang, *et al.*, *Electrophoresis* **29**, pp. 1203-1212 (2008)

## System Configuration

1. Interactive & Microscope-integrated System : H. Hwang, *et al.*, *Electrophoresis* **29**, pp. 1203-1212 (2008)
2. Double Photoconductive Layers : H. Hwang, *et al.*, *Appl. Phys. Lett.* **92**, pp. 024108 (2008)
3. Floating Electrode OET : S. Park, *et al.*, *Appl. Phys. Lett.* **92**, pp. 151101 (2008)
4. Integration with Electrowetting Device : G.J. Shah, *et al.*, *Lab Chip* doi:10.1039/b821508a (2009)
5. Optoelectrofluidic Fluorescence Microscopy: H. Hwang and J.-K. Park, *Anal. Chem.* doi:10.1021/ac901047v (2009)

## Target Materials

1. Cultured cells : A.T. Ohta, *et al.*, *IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. Elec.* **13**, pp. 237-240 (2007)
2. DNA : M. Hoeb, *et al.*, *Biophys. J.* **93**, pp. 1032-1038 (2007)
3. Blood cell : H. Hwang, *et al.*, *Electrophoresis* **29**, pp. 1203-1212 (2008)
4. Semiconducting nanowires : A. Jamshidi, *et al.*, *Nat. Photon.* **2**, pp. 86-89 (2008)
5. Swimming bacteria : W. Choi, *et al.*, *Appl. Phys. Lett.* **93**, pp. 143901 (2008)
6. Oocyte : H. Hwang, *et al.*, *Biomicrofluidics* **3**, pp. 014103 (2009)
7. Polysaccharide, Protein and Fluorophore : H. Hwang and J.-K. Park, *Anal. Chem.* doi:10.1021/ac901047v (2009)

## Operating Principles

1. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) : Most of the researches above.
2. AC Electro-osmosis (ACEO) : P.-Y. Chiou, *et al.*, *J. Microelectromech. Syst.* **17**, pp. 525-531 (2008)
3. Electro-orientation :W. Choi, *et al.*, *Appl. Phys. Lett.* **93**, pp. 143901 (2008)
4. Electrothermal flow : A. Mizuno, *et al.*, *IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl.* **31**, pp. 464-468 (1995), S.J. Williams, A. Kumar and S. T. Wereley, *Lab Chip* **8**, pp. 1879-1882 (2008)
5. Combination of AC Electrokinetics : H. Hwang and J.-K. Park, *Lab Chip* **9**, pp. 199-206 (2009), H. Hwang and J.-K. Park, *Anal. Chem.* doi:10.1021/ac901047v (2009)

6. Optically induced electrohydrodynamic instability (OEHI): Feifei Wang, Haibo Yu, Wenfeng Liang, Lianqing Liu, John D. Mai, Gwo-Bin Lee, Wen Jung Li, Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, Volume 16, Issue 6, pp. 1097–1106

## Other Phenomena

1. Surface-Particle Interactions : H. Hwang, *et al.*, *Appl. Phys. Lett.* **92**, pp. 024108 (2008)
2. Particle-Particle Interactions : H. Hwang, *et al.*, *J. Phys. Chem. B* **32**, pp.  9903–9908 (2008) doi:10.1021/jp803596r

## Applications

1. Microlens Array Fabrication : J.-Y. Huang, Y.-S. Lu and J. A. Teh, *Opt. Express* **14**, pp. 10779-10784 (2006)
2. Microparticle Separation : H. Hwang and J.-K. Park, *Lab Chip* **9**, pp. 199-206 (2009)
3. In vitro Fertilization : H. Hwang, *et al.*, *Biomicrofluidics* **3**, pp.  014103 (2009)
4. Electroporation : J.K. Valley, *et al.*, *Lab Chip* doi:10.1039/b821678a (2009)
5. Local Chemical Concentration Control : H. Hwang and J.-K. Park, *Anal. Chem.* doi:10.1021/ac901047v (2009)
6. Colloidal Assembly : H. Hwang, Y.-H. Park and J.-K. Park, *Langmuir* **25**, pp. 6010-6014 (2009)

## Research Groups

1. Ming C. Wu's Group : Integrated Photonics Laboratory, UC Berkeley, CA, USA
2. Je-Kyun Park's Group : NanoBiotech Laboratory, KAIST, KOREA
3. P.Y. Chiou's Group : Optoelectronic Biofluidics Laboratory, UCLA, CA, USA
4. Steve Wereley's Group : Microfluidics Laboratory, Purdue University, IN, USA
5. Aloke Kumar's Group : Kumar Biomicrofluidics Laboratory
6. Stuart William's Group :
7. Han-Sheng Chuang's Group :


title: Gitte Moos Knudsen

abstract: Gitte Moos Knudsen is a Danish translational neurobiologist and clinical neurologist, and Clinical Professor and Chief Physician at the Department of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, Psychiatry and Sensory Sciences, at Copenhagen University Hospital. She graduated from Lyngby Statsskole, just north of Copenhagen, before gaining entrance to medicine, where she received her MD from University of Copenhagen in 1984, and became a Board certified user of radioisotopes in 1986. She sat the FMGEMS exam (US) in 1989. She became Board certified in neurology in 1994 and received her DMSc (Dr.Med.) from University of Copenhagen in 1994. She currently resides in Copenhagen, and is married to Tore Vulpius. She has 3 children.

text:
# Gitte Moos Knudsen

**Gitte Moos Knudsen** (legal name Karen Birgitte Moos Knudsen) is a Danish translational neurobiologist and clinical neurologist, and Clinical Professor and Chief Physician at the Department of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, Psychiatry and Sensory Sciences, at Copenhagen University Hospital. She graduated from Lyngby Statsskole, just north of Copenhagen, before gaining entrance to medicine, where she received her MD from University of Copenhagen in 1984, and became a Board certified user of radioisotopes in 1986. She sat the FMGEMS exam (Foreign Medical Graduates Examination in the Medical Sciences) (US) in 1989. She became Board certified in neurology in 1994 and received her DMSc (Dr.Med.) from University of Copenhagen in 1994. She currently resides in Copenhagen, and is married to Tore Vulpius. She has 3 children.

## Career

Knudsen is one of the leading figures in the neurosciences, assisting various European Union nations to prioritize research and grants. In addition, her research into the brain and its chemistry during depression, Alzheimer's disease, and states induced by drugs such as GHB and ecstasy (MDMA) is at the forefront of world knowledge, and she is a noted scholar in these areas, publishing many papers on each topic. Her interest in brain imaging has led to a deeper understanding of how many receptors act within the brain, and she has produced studies using SPECT, PET, and MRI results to interpret these. A key issue is that the latest brain research not only contributes to increased understanding of brain functions, but is also used to attempt to explain what it means to be human.

### CIMBI

The Lundbeck Foundation, created in 1954, donated one of the largest amounts ever given toward the development of medical knowledge, listing a total of DKK 504 million to various institutions in 2011. With a 40 million grant from this program, Knudsen, together with a team of researchers from the Center for Integrated Molecular Imaging of the Brain (CIMBI), University of Copenhagen, are concentrating on investigating the neural bases of personality that predispose individuals to various disorders, using PET and MRI technology. She is currently the Center Director of The Lundbeck Foundation Centre for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (CIMBI).

### Research focus

Regarding her research, Knudsen states:

I am a translational neurobiologist and clinical neurologist with interest in advanced methodological developments that I subsequently apply in my research to address pertinent neurobiological and clinical issues. My scientific interests have fallen in three sequentially separated categories:

### Awards

### Previous appointments

* Visiting scientist at NIH and at Stony Brook, United States (1985–90),
* Visiting scientist at Institute of Physiology, Bonn, Germany (1988–89)
* Visiting scientist at MGH Harvard, Boston (2011–12).
* Clinical education has predominantly taken place at Rigshospitalet and has been interspersed by a three years appointment as research fellow (1986–1989) at the Dept. of Neurology, and by maternal leave in 1989, 1992, and 1995.
* Appointed as research professor in Neurobiology and Chief Neurologist at University of Copenhagen in 1999.
* Professor of Neurology at University of Copenhagen 2005–2006 and of Neurobiology from 2004.

### Present appointments

### Positions of trust and research assessments

* Past-President and member of the Executive Committee of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology.
* Member of the Board of Directors 1995–1999 and Scientific Secretary 2001–2005 of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism;
* Member of the Danish Society for Neuroscience from 1997
* President 2010–) of the Scientific Ethics Committee for Copenhagen and Frederiksberg 1998–2002;
* President of the Research Council of the Medical Faculty at the University of Copenhagen from 1999–2005;
* Chairman for the steering group for research laboratories at Rigshospitalet from 1999, Scientific Advisory Board Member, Health Science Faculty, University of Lund 2007–10.
* Examiner at PhD and DMSc theses in Denmark, Canada, Sweden, Australia, and Finland.
* Member of EU’s Fifth Framework Expert Panel for evaluation of research applications, Brussels, in 1999, 2000, and 2005
* Member of EU’s Fifth Framework Expert Panel for evaluation of research applications for the Norwegian Research Council 2006-7,
* Member of EU’s Fifth Framework Expert Panel for evaluation of research applications for Danish Multiple Sclerosis Foundation Research Committee 2007-9,
* Member of EU’s Fifth Framework Expert Panel for evaluation of research applications for the Swedish Research Council and VINNOVA 2005–2008.
* Member of the Danish Health Advisory Group for the EU 7th Framework Program 2009–.
* Member of the program committee of the Danish Council for Strategic Research 2009–.
* Executive Committee of European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2010–.
* Editorial Board member on Journals Cerebral Bloodflow and Metabolism, CurrentRadiopharmaceuticals, Membrane Transport and Signaling and Biology of Mood and Anxiety Disorders.
* Faculty member at international courses for postgraduates and invited speaker at international meetings about 10 times yearly.

### Leadership

* Leader of Neurobiology Research Unit (NRU) at Rigshospitalet since 2004 (www.nru.dk). NRU encompasses around 50 staff members, publishes around 35 peer-reviewed papers per year and has an annual budget of roughly 5 mio $ or 3.5 mio €.
* Director of the Lundbeck Foundation Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi) since 2006; based on an 11 mio € grant donation from the Lundbeck Foundation to establish a neuroscience center (www.cimbi.org).

### International relations

* European collaborations within the EUREKA Program (1998–2000); the COST EU Program (1999–2000). Coordinator of EU Fifth Framework program on “Neuroreceptor mapping in patients with mild cognitive impairment”, 2001-6. Partner within the EU 6th and 7th Framework programs DiMI (2005–10), Euripides (2007–12), and InMind (2012–).
* Partner in the European multicentre database of healthy controls for \[123I\]FP-CIT SPECT (ENCDAT) since 2005 and partner in METPETS (Measuring Endogenous Neurotransmitters by PET and SPECT).
* Affiliated partner in the International Consortium for Brain Mapping.
* Visiting professor at the Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard University, Boston, USA, 2011–12 (7 months research leave). Several joint research projects were established during that period, with exchange of PhD-students and senior scientists from both sides, and so far two joint funding grants.

## Selected publications

### First-author articles

* Gitte Moos Knudsen; Poulsen HE; Olaf B. Paulson (1 April 1988). "Blood-brain barrier permeability in galactosamine-induced hepatic encephalopathy. No evidence for increased GABA-transport". *Journal of Hepatology*. **6** (2): 187–192. doi:10.1016/S0168-8278(88)80030-8. ISSN 0168-8278. PMID 3411098. Wikidata Q41440975.
* Gitte Moos Knudsen; Pettigrew KD; Olaf B. Paulson; Hertz MM; Patlak CS (1 January 1990). "Kinetic analysis of blood-brain barrier transport of D-glucose in man: quantitative evaluation in the presence of tracer backflux and capillary heterogeneity". *Microvascular Research*. **39** (1): 28–49. doi:10.1016/0026-2862(90)90057-X. ISSN 0026-2862. PMID 2314306. Wikidata Q51655780.
* Gitte M Knudsen; Peter S Jensen; David Erritzoe; et al. (1 January 2016). "The Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi) database" (PDF). *NeuroImage*. **124** (Part B): 1213–1219. doi:10.1016/J.NEUROIMAGE.2015.04.025. ISSN 1053-8119. OCLC 936131028. PMID 25891375. Wikidata Q22329404.
* Gitte Moos Knudsen; Schmidt J; Almdal T; Olaf B. Paulson; Vilstrup H (June 1993). "Passage of amino acids and glucose across the blood-brain barrier in patients with hepatic encephalopathy". *Hepatology*. **17** (6): 987–992. doi:10.1016/0270-9139(93)90111-Y. ISSN 0270-9139. PMID 8514271. Wikidata Q48269278.

## InfoBox

| Gitte Moos Knudsen | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1959-02-15)15 February 1959
Lyngby, Denmark |
| Education | University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, NIH, MGH |
| Known for | neurobiology of neurotransmission, with particular emphasis on molecular brain imaging |
| **Medical career** | |
| Profession | Neurologist |
| Institutions | University of Copenhagen; CIMBI, |
| Sub-specialties | brain imaging
Neurotransmitters |
| Research | neurotransmission, particularly serotonin |
| Awards | Niels Lassen Prize
Synthelabo RechercheAward
Monrad-Krohn Prize for the Advancement of Neurological Research |
|  | |


title: 79 Ceti

abstract: 79 Ceti, also known as HD 16141, is a binary star system located 123 light-years from the Sun in the southern constellation of Cetus. It has an apparent visual magnitude of +6.83, which puts it below the normal limit for visibility with the average naked eye. The star is drifting closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −51 km/s. Harlan (1974) assigned this star a stellar classification of G2V, matching an ordinary G-type main-sequence star that is undergoing core hydrogen fusion. However, Houk and Swift (1999) found a class of G8IV, which suggests it has exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core and begun to evolve off the main sequence. Eventually the outer layers of the star will expand and cool and the star will become a red giant. Estimates of the star's age range from 6.0 to 9.4 billion years old. It has an estimated 1.06 times the mass of the Sun and 1.48 times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating twice luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,806 K. The discrepancy was later found to be due to an additional red dwarf star in the system at a projected separation 220 AUs.

text:
# 79 Ceti

**79 Ceti**, also known as ***HD 16141***, is a binary star system located 123 light-years from the Sun in the southern constellation of Cetus. It has an apparent visual magnitude of +6.83, which puts it below the normal limit for visibility with the average naked eye. The star is drifting closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −51 km/s.

Harlan (1974) assigned this star a stellar classification of G2V, matching an ordinary G-type main-sequence star that is undergoing core hydrogen fusion. However, Houk and Swift (1999) found a class of G8IV, which suggests it has exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core and begun to evolve off the main sequence. Eventually the outer layers of the star will expand and cool and the star will become a red giant. Estimates of the star's age range from 6.0 to 9.4 billion years old. It has an estimated 1.06 times the mass of the Sun and 1.48 times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating twice luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,806 K. The discrepancy was later found to be due to an additional red dwarf star in the system at a projected separation 220 AUs.

## Planetary system

On March 29, 2000, a planet orbiting primary star was announced, it was discovered using the radial velocity method. This object has a minimum 0.26 times the mass of Jupiter and is orbiting its host star every 75.5 days.

The 79 Ceti planetary system
| Companion
(in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis
(AU) | Orbital period
(days) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | ≥0.260 ± 0.028 MJ | 0.363 ± 0.021 | 75.523 ± 0.055 | 0.252 ± 0.052 |  |  |

## InfoBox

79 Ceti
| Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0 | |
| --- | --- |
| Constellation | Cetus |
|
| Right ascension | 02h 35m 19.9293s |
| Declination | −03° 33 38.1707 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | +6.83 |
| Characteristics | |
|
| Spectral type | G2V+M or G8IV |
|
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|
| B−V color index | 0.670±0.004 |
|
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| Variable type | none |
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| Astrometry | |
|  | |
| **Radial velocity (Rv)** | −50.93±0.09 km/s |
| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: −155.58 mas/yr
Dec.: −437.99 mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 26.4360 ± 0.0580 mas |
| **Distance** | 123.4 ± 0.3 ly
(37.83 ± 0.08 pc) |
| **Absolute magnitude (MV)** | +3.88 |
|  | |
| Details | |
| 79 Ceti A | |
| **Mass** | 1.01 |
| **Radius** | 1.48 |
| **Luminosity** | 1.99±0.04 |
| **Surface gravity (log *g*)** | 4.19±0.02 cgs |
| **Temperature** | 5,806±17 |
| **Metallicity** \[Fe/H\] | +0.16±0.01 dex |
| **Age** | 6.0 or 9.4±0.8 Gyr |
| 79 Ceti B | |
| **Mass** | 0.286 |
| Other designations | |
| 79 Cet, BD−04°426, FK5 4237, Gaia DR2 2495335115182966016, GJ 9085, HD 16141, HIP 12048, SAO 129992, WDS J02353-0334A, 2MASS J02351994-0333376 | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |


title: Phoenix Masonic Lodge No. 8

abstract: Phoenix Masonic Lodge No. 8 is a historic Masonic Lodge located at Fayetteville, Cumberland County, North Carolina. It was built about 1855, and is a two-story, five-bay, Greek Revival style frame building with a hip roof. It has flanked by wings added 1948–1950 and features a front porch supported by octagonal columns. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

text:
# Phoenix Masonic Lodge No. 8

**Phoenix Masonic Lodge No. 8** is a historic Masonic Lodge located at Fayetteville, Cumberland County, North Carolina. It was built about 1855, and is a two-story, five-bay, Greek Revival style frame building with a hip roof. It has flanked by wings added 1948–1950 and features a front porch supported by octagonal columns.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Phoenix Masonic Lodge No. 8 | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Phoenix Masonic Lodge No. 8, September 2014 | |
|  | |
| Location | 221 Mason St., Fayetteville, North Carolina |
| Coordinates | 35°3′21″N 78°52′48″W / 35.05583°N 78.88000°W / 35.05583; -78.88000 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | c. 1855 (1855) |
| Architectural style | Greek Revival |
| MPS | Fayetteville MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 83001868 |
| Added to NRHP | July 7, 1983 |


title: William Milne (politician)

abstract: Sir William Milne was an Australian entrepreneur and politician, serving as the member for Onkaparinga in the South Australian House of Assembly from 1857 to 1868. He was elected to the South Australian Legislative Council in 1869, and was President of the South Australian Legislative Council from 25 July 1873 to 1881.

text:
# William Milne (politician)

**Sir William Milne** (17 May 1822 – 23 April 1895) was an Australian entrepreneur and politician, serving as the member for Onkaparinga in the South Australian House of Assembly from 1857 to 1868. He was elected to the South Australian Legislative Council in 1869, and was President of the South Australian Legislative Council from 25 July 1873 to 1881.

## Life

Born in Wester-Common, near Glasgow, Milne was educated in Glasgow and emigrated to South Australia, arriving in the *Palmyra* at Port Adelaide on 29 October 1839, where he married Eliza Disher on 4 March 1842. He formed a partnership with brother-in-law James Disher as wine merchants and as "Disher & Milne", in July 1846, purchased the Hindley Street wine and spirit business of Patrick Auld, who was returning to England. The business was highly successful, eventually becoming Milne and Company.

In 1857 Milne sold his distillery and was elected to the South Australian House of Assembly as one of the members for Onkaparinga. Milne served as commissioner of Crown Lands and immigration in the ministry of John Baker from 21 August to 1 September 1857, under Richard Hanson from 5 July 1859 to 9 May 1860, under Henry Ayers from 22 July to 4 August 1864 and under James Boucaut from 28 March 1866 to 3 May 1867. In the ministry of George Waterhouse, Milne served as Commissioner of Public Works from 19 February 1862 to 4 July 1863, and in the Arthur Blyth ministry from 4 August 1864 to 22 March 1865.

Milne transferred to the Legislative Council in 1869 and was elected its president in 1873, serving until his retirement in 1881. Milne served as chief secretary in the John Hart ministry from 30 May 1870 to 10 November 1871 and under Blyth from 10 November 1871 to 22 January 1872.

When Milne was in the Crown Lands Department, he introduced a regulation to encourage farmers to buy land; introduced an amendment to the Scab in Sheep Act which helped to eliminate the disease; and introduced drainage to reclaim tracts of land.

Milne was a member of the Agricultural and Horticultural Society and its president from 1860 to 1861.

Knighted in 1876, Milne died at "Eurilla", Mount Lofty, in 1895.

## Family

William Milne married Eliza Disher (c. 1818 – 17 August 1912), daughter of John Disher of "Byethorne", Nairne, South Australia in 1842; they later lived at "Sunnyside", Glen Osmond; they had a large family:

* Eliza Amelia Milne ( – ) married John Randal Phillips on 20 August 1863
* Ellen Wardlaw Milne ( – ) married W. H. Bundey on 28 March 1865
* Margaret Jane Milne (1847– ) married Frederick Algernon Price on 16 July 1872
* William Milne (1849 – 14 December 1905) married Emma Sophia Simpson (1850 – 8 September 1914), daughter of Capt. Henry Simpson on 17 March 1870
* Mary Isabella Milne (1850 – c. 25 September 1869)
* Barbara Agnes Milne (1852 – ) married Arthur Ernest Ayers on 30 April 1878
* John Milne (3 November 1854 – 12 July 1934) married Lucy Anne Macgeorge (4 September 1859 – ) on 11 November 1875.

* Rev. John Philip Milne (c. 1878 – c. 1 September 1924) worked among poor in London
* George S(tanley) Milne (9 May 1879 – 1961) married Alice Belle Greenland, Inspector of Ships, South Africa
* L(eslie) Hugh Milne (1882– ) served in South Africa 1901, Inspector of Fisheries at Swansea, Wales.
* Lucy Edith Milne (1884 – 1961) married Kenneth James Stephen in 1918, lived in Blackwood.
* F(rank) Kenneth Milne (18 July 1885 – 3 October 1980) married Hazel Muir Fotheringham in 1913, he was an architect, lived in Kensington Gardens.

* E(rnest) Malcolm Milne (c. 1886–1963) married Gladys Burden on 1 March 1910, lived at Glenelg
* Mary Elizabeth Milne ( –1955) married Harold Powell in 1914, lived in Largs Bay
* George Milne (23 August 1856 – 17 August 1934) married Georgina Ellen Swinden on 14 June 1884.

* Clive Gordon Milne (19 February 1885 – 12 March 1933)
* Roy Melville Milne (19 February 1885 – 2 April 1938) noted racehorse owner
* James Wilson Milne (1857– )
* Florence Marion/Marian? Milne (1859 – ) married John Lancelot Stirling on 12 December 1882
* Blanche Maud Milne (21 August 1861 – ) married Robert Lomax Scott on 6 February 1890

Eliza Milne's sister Margaret "Minnie" Disher (died 11 April 1900) married James Johnston (1818 – 12 April 1891), one of the Johnston brothers of Oakbank.

## InfoBox

| Sir William MilneKt | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| President of the South Australian Legislative Council | |
| **In office**
25 July 1873  19 April 1881 | |
| Preceded by | John Morphett |
| Succeeded by | Henry Ayers |
| Chief Secretary of South Australia | |
| **In office**
30 May 1870  22 January 1872 | |
| Premier | John Hart
Arthur Blyth |
| Preceded by | Augustine Stow |
| Succeeded by | Henry Ayers |
| Member of the Legislative Council
of South Australia | |
| **In office**
19 March 1869  19 April 1881 | |
| **In office**
9 March 1857  20 April 1868 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1822-05-17)17 May 1822
Glasgow, Scotland |
| Died | 23 April 1895(1895-04-23) (aged 72)
Mount Lofty, South Australia |
| Nationality | British |
| Spouse | Eliza Disher |
|  | |


title: Ralph Williams (politician)

abstract: Ralph Williams was a magistrate and state legislator in Mississippi. He documented as having been enslaved from birth. He established a wagon manufacturing business in Lamar, Mississippi after the end of the American Civil War in 1866. He served as a magistrate from 1871 until 1873 when he served in the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1873-1875 for Marshall County, Mississippi.

text:
# Ralph Williams (politician)

**Ralph Williams** (fl.1870s) was a magistrate and state legislator in Mississippi. He documented as having been enslaved from birth. He established a wagon manufacturing business in Lamar, Mississippi after the end of the American Civil War in 1866. He served as a magistrate from 1871 until 1873 when he served in the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1873-1875 for Marshall County, Mississippi.

## InfoBox

| Ralph Williams | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Politician |


title: Ramchand Goala

abstract: Ramchand Goala was a Bangladeshi cricketer and cricket coach. He featured in early Bangladesh side in 1980's and became a pioneer left arm spinner in Bangladesh. He remained as a bachelor.

text:
# Ramchand Goala

**Ramchand Goala** (1940 – 19 June 2020) was a Bangladeshi cricketer and cricket coach. He featured in early Bangladesh side in 1980's and became a pioneer left arm spinner in Bangladesh. He remained as a bachelor.

## Career

He played club cricket primarily in Dhaka and Mymensingh representing Abahani from 1981 to 1993. He made his debut for Victoria Club in Dhaka Premier League in 1962. He received his maiden national callup at the age of 40 and represented Bangladesh team against touring Bengal team in 1983 and also played against touring Sri Lankans in 1985. He retired from playing competitive cricket at the age of 53. He also later went onto pursue his career as a coach and also had a short stint as mentor to Mahmudullah.

## Death

He died in Mymensingh in his residence at the age of 79 on 19 June 2020 after being admitted at the Lab Aid Hospital following a stroke. He lived with grandson Pranjal Goala until his demise.

## InfoBox

Ramchand Goala
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1940<br>Mymensingh, Bangladesh |
| Died | (aged 79) |
| Role | left arm spinner |


title: Washawma

abstract: Washawma is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.

text:
# Washawma

**Washawma** is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.

1. Maplandia world gazetteer

## InfoBox

| Washawma | |
| --- | --- |
| WashawmaLocation in Burma | |
| Coordinates: 26°11′N 98°36′E / 26.183°N 98.600°E / 26.183; 98.600 | |
| Country | Burma |
| State | Kachin State |
| District | Myitkyina District |
| Township | Chipwi Township |
| Population | |
| Religions | Buddhism |
| Time zone | UTC+6.30 (UTC \+ 6:30) |


abstract: Nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a version of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that examines samples containing the ⁱ⁵N nucleus. ⁱ⁵N NMR differs in several ways from the more common ⁱ⁳C and ⁱH NMR. To circumvent the difficulties associated with measurement of the quadrupolar, spin-1 ⁱ⁴N nuclide, ⁱ⁵N NMR is employed in samples for detection since it has a ground-state spin of ½. Sinceⁱ⁴N is 99.64% abundant, incorporation of ⁱ⁵N into samples often requires novel synthetic techniques. Nitrogen-15 is frequently used in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), because unlike the more abundant nitrogen-14, that has an integer nuclear spin and thus a quadrupole moment, ⁱ⁵N has a fractional nuclear spin of one-half, which offers advantages for NMR like narrower line width. Proteins can be isotopically labeled by cultivating them in a medium containing nitrogen-15 as the only source of nitrogen. In addition, nitrogen-15 is used to label proteins in quantitative proteomics.

text:
# Nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

**Nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy** (**nitrogen-15 NMR spectroscopy**, or just simply **15N NMR**) is a version of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that examines samples containing the 15N nucleus. 15N NMR differs in several ways from the more common 13C and 1H NMR. To circumvent the difficulties associated with measurement of the quadrupolar, spin-1 14N nuclide, 15N NMR is employed in samples for detection since it has a ground-state spin of ½. Since14N is 99.64% abundant, incorporation of 15N into samples often requires novel synthetic techniques.

Nitrogen-15 is frequently used in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), because unlike the more abundant nitrogen-14, that has an integer nuclear spin and thus a quadrupole moment, 15N has a fractional nuclear spin of one-half, which offers advantages for NMR like narrower line width. Proteins can be isotopically labeled by cultivating them in a medium containing nitrogen-15 as the only source of nitrogen. In addition, nitrogen-15 is used to label proteins in quantitative proteomics (e.g. SILAC).

## Implementation

15N NMR has complications not encountered in 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The 0.36% natural abundance of 15N results in a major sensitivity penalty. Sensitivity is made worse by its low gyromagnetic ratio (γ = −27.126 × 106 T−1s−1), which is 10.14% that of 1H. The signal-to-noise ratio for 1H is about 300-fold greater than 15N at the same magnetic field strength.

### Physical properties

The physical properties of 15N are quite different from other nuclei. Its properties along with several common nuclei are summarized in the below table.

| Isotope | Magnetic dipole
moment (μN) | Nuclear spin
number | Natural
abundance (%) | Gyromagnetic ratio
(106 rad s−1 T−1) | NMR frequency
at 11.7T (MHz) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1H | 2.79284734(3) | 1/2 | ~100 | 267.522 | -500 |
| 2H | 0.857438228(9) | 1 | 0.015 | 41.066 | -76.753 |
| 3H | 2.97896244(4) | 1/2 | 0 | 285.349 | -533.32 |
| 10B | 1.80064478(6) | 3 | 19.9 | 28.747 | -53.718 |
| 11B | 2.6886489 | 3/2 | 80.1 | 85.847 | -160.42 |
| 13C | 0.7024118(14) | 1/2 | 1.1 | 67.238 | -125.725 |
| 14N | 0.40376100(6) | 1 | 99.6 | 19.338 | -36.132 |
| 15N | -0.28318884(5) | 1/2 | 0.37 | -27.126 | 50.782 |
| 17O | -1.89379(9) | 5/2 | 0.04 | -36.281 | 67.782 |
| 19F | 2.628868(8) | 1/2 | ~100 | 251.815 | -470.47 |
| 31P | 1.13160(3) | 1/2 | ~100 | 108.394 | -202.606 |

From these data, one can see that at full enrichment, 15N is about one tenth (-27.126/267.522) as sensitive as 1H.

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) recommends using CH3NO2 as the experimental standard; however in practice many spectroscopists utilize pressurized NH3(l) instead. For 15N, chemical shifts referenced with NH3(l) are 380.5 ppm upfield from CH3NO2NH3 = δCH3NO2 \+ 380.5 ppm). Chemical shifts for 15N are somewhat erratic but typically they span a range of -400 ppm to 1100 ppm with respect to CH3NO2. Below is a summary of 15N chemical shifts for common organic groups referenced with respect to NH3, whose chemical shift is assigned 0 ppm.

### Gyromagnetic ratio

Unlike most nuclei, the gyromagnetic ratio for 15N is negative. With the spin precession phenomenon, the sign of γ determines the sense (clockwise vs counterclockwise) of precession. Most common nuclei have positive gyromagnetic ratios such as 1H and 13C.

## Applications

### Tautomerization

15N NMR is used in a wide array of areas from biological to inorganic techniques. A famous application in organic synthesis is to utilize 15N to monitor tautomerization equilibria in heteroaromatics because of the dramatic change in 15N shifts between tautomers.

### Protein NMR

15N NMR is also extremely valuable in protein NMR investigations. Most notably, the introduction of three-dimensional experiments with 15N lifts the ambiguity in 13C–13C two-dimensional experiments. In solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR), for example, 15N is most commonly utilized in NCACX, NCOCX, and CANcoCX pulse sequences.

### Investigation of nitrogen-containing heterocycles

15N NMR is the most effective method for investigation of structure of heterocycles with a high content of nitrogen atoms (tetrazoles, triazines and their annelated analogs). 15N labeling followed by analysis of 13C–15N and 1H–15N couplings may be used for establishing structures and chemical transformations of nitrogen heterocycles.

## INEPT

Insensitive nuclei enhanced by polarization transfer (INEPT) is a signal resolution enhancement method. Because 15N has a gyromagnetic ratio that is small in magnitude, the resolution is quite poor. A common pulse sequence which dramatically improves the resolution for 15N is INEPT. The INEPT is an elegant solution in most cases because it increases the Boltzmann polarization and lowers T1 values (thus scans are shorter). Additionally, INEPT can accommodate negative gyromagnetic ratios, whereas the common nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) cannot.


title: Rachis tulearensis

abstract: Rachis tulearensis is a species of conical air-breathing land snail, a gastropod mollusc in the family Cerastidae.

text:
# Rachis tulearensis

***Rachis tulearensis*** is a species of conical air-breathing land snail, a gastropod mollusc in the family Cerastidae.

## Distribution

Madagascar.

## Etymology

This species is named after Tuléar, a city in Madagascar.

## InfoBox

| *Rachis tulearensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Stylommatophora |
| Family: | Cerastidae |
| Genus: | *Rachis* |
| Species: | ***R. tulearensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Rachis tulearensis***<br>(Fischer-Piette, 1964) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Rhachis tulearensis* Fischer-Piette, 1964 | |


title: Orellana de la Sierra

abstract: Orellana de la Sierra is a municipality in the province of Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain. It has a population of 243 and an area of 16.7 km⁲.

text:
# Orellana de la Sierra

**Orellana de la Sierra** is a municipality in the province of Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain. It has a population of 243 and an area of 16.7 km2.

## InfoBox

| Orellana de la Sierra | |
| --- | --- |
| Church of Orellana de la Sierra | |
| Location in Badajoz | |
| Orellana de la SierraLocation of Orellana de la Sierra within Extremadura | |
| Coordinates: 39°1′51″N 5°29′52″W / 39.03083°N 5.49778°W / 39.03083; -5.49778 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous Community | Extremadura |
| Province | Badajoz |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Juan Manuel Sánchez Sánchez (PP) |
| Area | |
| Total | 16.7 km2 (6.4 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 403 m (1,322 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 235 |
| Density | 14/km2 (36/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 06750 |


title: Glenmore Homestead, Rockhampton

abstract: Glenmore Homestead is a heritage-listed homestead at Belmont Road, Parkhurst, Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from c. 1858 to c. 1920. The homestead and associated buildings once belonged to pastoral run on the Fitzroy River, seven kilometres northwest of Rockhampton, Queensland. Originally much larger at 127 square miles the current size of the property is 20 acres (8.1 ha). It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

text:
# Glenmore Homestead, Rockhampton

**Glenmore Homestead** is a heritage-listed homestead at Belmont Road, Parkhurst, Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from c.1858 to c.1920. The homestead and associated buildings once belonged to pastoral run on the Fitzroy River, seven kilometres northwest of Rockhampton, Queensland. Originally much larger at 127 square miles the current size of the property is 20 acres (8.1 ha). It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

## History

The grazing property was originally settled in 1858 by leaseholder John Arthur McCartney. In 1860, Macartney opposed a proposal to establish a municipality for Rockhampton with a proposed area of about 225 square kilometres. Glenmore, on the northern side of the river, was as vulnerable as Gracemere Station (the proposed boundaries of the municipality included the head station and Gracemere Homestead). Glenmore, however, did not have the substantial homestead and outbuildings like Gracemere. Eventually, the boundaries for the Municipality of Rockhampton were established as the usual five square miles.

In 1861 the Birkbeck family arrived in Rockhampton from Mexico to inspect grazing land after Samuel Bradford Birkbeck had spent half his lifetime as a mining engineer and manager of a silver mine. Birkbeck had worked on his father's farm in Illinois, USA, during his youth, but had no experience of Australian pastoral life. On 14 January 1864, the land was purchased by Birkbeck and his Spanish-Mexican wife, Damiana de Barre Valdez. The Birkbecks had eight sons and one daughter, Elena.

In July 1865, residents expressed anxieties about the presence of natives in the vicinity and a group of Native Police attacked members of the Darumbal tribe and massacred up to 18 of them, and then burnt their corpses.

Sheep were raised on the property but due to a poor climate for that purpose the Birbecks turned to cattle. They imported 1,500 from Texas.

He died in 1867. The property has remained in the family and up until the 1980s, members of the family resided in the limestone brick cottage and the slab building.

At the time of the arrival of the Birkbeck family, Glenmore Homestead consisted of a four-roomed slab house and two log cabins which were included as part of the station's improvements. It is believed that Macartney constructed the log cabin in 1859 and is reputed to be the oldest building north of the Fitzroy River. In the last fifty years it has been used for storage. It is not clear what became of the four-roomed slab house and second log cabin. No longer extant, it is possible that these may have been removed as new buildings were constructed.

The buildings proved inadequate for the needs of the Birkbeck family. Birkbeck bought a large slab building and re-erected it on his property. Constructed c.1858, the slab house was originally used as a hotel at Parkhurst and was moved to Glenmore in 1861. The slab homestead (known also as the Bush Inn) was built as an inn on the northern road to the Canoona goldfield. The limestone brick cottage was constructed by Dennis Cifuentes in 1862. Cifuentes came out from Mexico with the support of the Birkbeck family. The building was to be the beginning of a large, hacienda-style homestead, however, this was never completed. Later, Cifuentes took up a block in partnership with Carlos Birkbeck and, in 1874, took up 100 acres (40 ha) on the Cawarral Run.

In a desire to achieve closer settlement, the Queensland Government undertook a program of resuming all or parts of larger estates and then offering the land as a number of smaller lots to selectors. As early as 1862, the Birkbecks were aware of surveys of agricultural land taking place on the town side of their run. Samuel Birkbeck died in 1867 and his sons, Robert, Alfred and Carlos, were left to manage the property. The Birkbecks were the first in the Central District to be directly affected by the Crown Lands Alienation Act 1868. On 1 January 1869, over seven thousand hectares of the Glenmore run (over half of the Glenmore estate) was resumed and opened to selection. Although the Birbecks were offered a pre-emptive selection, in order to keep hold of some of their former land, the Birkbecks each selected blocks on the resumed half.

The blacksmith's shop constructed on the property by c.1890, with the sheds being constructed by 1920. Other buildings have been constructed more recently, including a kitchen and dance hall and the owners residence. The "Walter and Eliza Hall Cottage" was moved to the site in 1985. In 1913, Eliza Hall donated 100 towards the provision of small homes for aged couples. It appears that the cottage was one of four constructed c.1914 within the grounds of the Benevolent Society.

Until the 1980s, the Birkbeck family lived in the original homestead. In the early 1980s, the house was opened to the public as a heritage tourism and functions centre, owned and operated by George Louis Birkbeck. A souvenir shop was built in 1985. Other late-19th century and early 20th century farm buildings are also on site.

The balance of the land that remains as a portion of the original property is owned by Arthur James Birkbeck (eldest son of Tolstoy Carlos Birkbeck) and managed by Mark Jason Birkbeck, his second son.

## Description

The buildings at Glenmore Homestead are interesting, as they show several types of early dwelling in the Central Queensland area. They consist of a log cabin which was built in 1859 by McCartney, a slab cottage which built in 1858 as a hotel in nearby Parkhurst and moved to the site by Samuel Birkbeck in 1861 as well as a brick cottage which was built by a Mexican employee of the Birkbeck family in 1862. This was originally to be part of a larger hacienda-style homestead, which was never completed. The slab homestead was built on a short-lived gold field called Canoona.

The property is located on the east bank of the Fitzroy River, seven kilometres northwest of Rockhampton. The place is a homestead complex comprising successive residences of varying construction methods, including log cabin construction; a slab building and a limestone brick cottage with adobe gables.

The buildings included in the heritage register boundary include the log cabin (c.1858-59); the slab homestead (c.1858 and moved to Glenmore in 1861); the rendered limestone brick cottage (1862); a timber blacksmith's shop (c.1890) and timber framed sheds (c.1920). Other buildings located on the property include a souvenir shop constructed in 1985; a kitchen and dance hall constructed 1984; the owner's residence and shed and the former "Walter and Eliza Hall Cottage", relocated to the site in 1985. These buildings are not considered to be of cultural heritage significance.

### Log cabin

The log cabin is a one-room hut built of horizontal logs checked into each other at the corners and lined with bark. Corrugated iron has been placed over shingled roof. The log cabin is currently used for storage of agricultural and other items associated with Glenmore.

### Homestead building

Placed upon a stone foundation when moved to the site in 1861, the vertical slab building is an eight-room structure, approximately twelve and a half metres long by five and a half metres wide, with a verandah on the western and eastern sides. French doors open along the entire length of the eastern verandah. The roof is clad with corrugated iron. A two-roomed, timber extension, originally housing a kitchen, is located to the south-western end of the slab building.

Internally, the main room is presented as the dining room. Rooms located at either of the main dining room opening onto the verandah as well as to the rear, or south-west section, of the building. The homestead building is no longer used by the Birkbeck family. Visitors to Glenmore can are able to view the inside of the building from the verandah.

### Limestone brick cottage

A T-shaped building, the four-roomed, limestone brick cottage has lime-based, rendered walls with adobe gables, with a verandah on the south-western side. The roof is clad with the original gospel oak iron. The external walls are approximately 53 centimetres (21 in) thick and the interior walls approximately 50 centimetres (20 in) thick. Ceilings are of milled timber.

The largest room in the house is furnished as a sitting room. The sitting room contains many items which were brought from Mexico, including Damiana Birkbeck's silver crucifix, made in Italy, which sits on a small table with rosary beads in a box made of silky oak; two matching occasional tables; family portraits and musical instruments, including a guitar and mandolin. Two rooms have been set up with display cases. The fourth room is currently used for storage.

A toilet, constructed from stone quarried on the property, is located to the north-west of the cottage. A lavatory, comprising a timber beam supported by two timber uprights, with a concave tin plate on the ground, stands nearby. The timber framed shed which was constructed to house the lavatory, is no longer extant.

## Heritage listing

Glenmore Homestead was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.

**The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.**

Glenmore Homestead is important in demonstrating the development of the Rockhampton District, illustrating the pattern of early European exploration and settlement of Queensland. Taken up by the Birkbeck family in 1864, the complex is further significant as it is still in the ownership of the same family.

Glenmore Homestead is significant as a complex that provides a record of an evolving pastoral property comprising successive residences of varying construction methods, including a hut of horizontal log construction with extant shingle roof; slab-built homestead and a rendered limestone brick cottage, as well as associated outbuildings and structures, including a limestone toilet and water tank.

**The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.**

The homestead is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of early Queensland homesteads, constructed as the head station of a large run. The various additions, dating from the 1860s, demonstrate the growth of the Birkbeck family.

**The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.**

Surrounded by mature vegetation including Ficus sp. and Burdekin plum trees, the complex has aesthetic significance.

**The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.**

Glenmore Homestead has a special association with the life and work of several generations of the Birkbeck family who contributed to the development of the surrounding area.

### Attribution

This Wikipedia article incorporates text from *"The Queensland heritage register"* published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 7 July 2014, archived on 8 October 2014). The geo-coordinates were computed from the *"Queensland heritage register boundaries"* published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 5 September 2014, archived on 15 October 2014).

## InfoBox

| Glenmore Homestead | |
| --- | --- |
| Glenmore Homestead, 2009 | |
| Location | Belmont Road, Parkhurst, Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia |
| Coordinates | 23°18′52″S 150°29′03″E / 23.3144°S 150.4843°E / -23.3144; 150.4843 |
| Design period | 1840s - 1860s (mid-19th century) |
| Built | c.1858 \- c.1920 |
|  | |
| Queensland Heritage Register | |
| Official name | Glenmore Homestead |
| Type | state heritage (built) |
| Designated | 21 October 1992 |
| Reference no. | 600823 |
| Significant period | 1860s-1870s (historical) |
| Significant components | store/s / storeroom / storehouse, residential accommodation - main house, furniture/fittings |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Glenmore Homestead in Queensland | |