title: Myrtle Rose White

abstract: Myrtle Rose White (1888–1961) was an Australian novelist. She is best known for No Roads Go By, a work of autobiographical fiction.

text:
# Myrtle Rose White

**Myrtle Rose White** (1888–1961) was an Australian novelist. She is best known for *No Roads Go By*, a work of autobiographical fiction.

## Life

Myrtle Rose White was the third child of Dina Ann (née Adams) and miner Mark Albert Kennewell. She was born in a tent near Broken Hill, New South Wales on 30 August 1888. She grew up in South Australia's Barossa Valley. Her education was sporadic before she attended a private school in Williamstown, South Australia.

Following her marriage in 1910 to Cornelius White, known as Con, the couple moved to Lake Elder in South Australia, where he managed a rural property. This later served as the setting for her first book, which was favourably compared with Mrs Aeneas Gunn's *We of the Never Never*. Originally published in 1932, a new edition was released by Angus & Robertson in 1954, incorporating illustrations by Elizabeth Durack.

## Personal

White's husband Con died in Adelaide in 1940 and was buried in Centennial Park Cemetery. White died on 11 July 1961 while visiting her son, Alan, at Port Hedland, Western Australia. Her body was cremated in Perth and her ashes interred as she wished, part in Centennial Park Cemetery and part at Wonnaminta Station, outside Broken Hill.

## Selected works

* White, Myrtle Rose (1932). *No roads go by*. Rigby.
* (1933). *For those that love it*. Angus & Robertson.
* (1961). *From that day to this*. Rigby.
* (1955). *Beyond the western rivers*. Angus and Robertson.

## InfoBox

| Myrtle Rose White | |
| --- | --- |
| Signed photograph of Myrtle Rose White (undated) | |
| Born | Myrtle Rose Kennewell
(1888-08-30)30 August 1888
Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia |
| Died | 11 July 1961(1961-07-11) (aged 72)
Port Hedland, Western Australia |
| Notable works | *No Roads Go By* |


title: Pocasset River (Rhode Island)

abstract: The Pocasset River is a river in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. It flows 12.4 miles (20.0 km). There are five dams along the river's length.

text:
# Pocasset River (Rhode Island)

The **Pocasset River** is a river in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. It flows 12.4 miles (20.0 km). There are five dams along the river's length.

## Course

The Pocasset River rises between Brown Avenue and Belfield Drive in Johnston. It continues in a southeasterly direction through Johnston and Cranston, to the city line with Warwick, where it converges with the Pawtuxet River.

## Crossings

Below is a list of all crossings over the Pocasset River. The list starts at the headwaters and goes downstream.

* Johnston
    + Belfield Drive
    + Interstate 295
    + Memorial Avenue
    + Hartford Avenue (U.S. 6A)
    + Johnston Plaza
    + Atwood Avenue
    + U.S. 6
    + Central Avenue
    + Morgan Avenue
    + Morgan Mill Road
    + Plainfield Street (RI 14)
* Cranston
    + Pocasset Cemetery Access Road
    + Cranston Street
    + Bike Path
    + Dyer Avenue
    + Park Avenue (RI 12)
    + Reservoir Avenue (RI 2)
    + Garden City Drive
    + Pontiac Avenue

## Tributaries

Dry and Simmons Brooks are the only two named tributaries of the Pocasset River, though there are many unnamed streams that also feed it.


title: Heath, Shropshire

abstract: Heath is a hamlet and former civil parish, now in the parish of Abdon and Heath, in the Clee Hills area of Shropshire, England. The settlement and wider rural area historically had a larger population than now, especially in medieval times. Heath Chapel is a Norman Grade I Listed building. Heath was formerly a township in the parish of Stoke-St. Milborough, in 1866 Heath became a separate civil parish, on 1 April 2017 the parish was abolished and merged with Abdon to form "Abdon and Heath". In 1971 the parish had a population of 26. From 1974 to 2009 it was in South Shropshire district. Nearby are the larger settlements of Bouldon and Clee St. Margaret. Heath lies at approximately 240 metres (790 ft) above sea level.

text:
# Heath, Shropshire

**Heath** is a hamlet and former civil parish, now in the parish of Abdon and Heath, in the Clee Hills area of Shropshire, England.

The settlement and wider rural area historically had a larger population than now, especially in medieval times. Heath Chapel is a Norman Grade I Listed building. Heath was formerly a township in the parish of Stoke-St. Milborough, in 1866 Heath became a separate civil parish, on 1 April 2017 the parish was abolished and merged with Abdon to form "Abdon and Heath". In 1971 the parish had a population of 26. From 1974 to 2009 it was in South Shropshire district.

Nearby are the larger settlements of Bouldon and Clee St. Margaret. Heath lies at approximately 240 metres (790 ft) above sea level.

## InfoBox

| Heath | |
| --- | --- |
| Heath Chapel | |
| HeathLocation within Shropshire | |
| OS grid reference | SO558855 |
| Civil parish |  |
| Unitary authority |  |
| Ceremonial county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | CRAVEN ARMS |
| Postcode district | SY7 |
| Dialling code | 01584 |
|  | |
| Police | West Mercia |
| Fire | Shropshire |
| Ambulance | West Midlands |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: My Life (Ronnie Milsap album)

abstract: My Life was the twenty-fourth studio album of Country music artist Ronnie Milsap. It was released in 2006, marking his return to RCA Nashville, after a departure in 1991 following Back to the Grindstone. Two singles were released from the album including "Local Girls" and "You Don't Know My Love", the latter did not chart but the former reached No. 54 on country charts, Milsap's first activity on the chart since the release of "Time, Love and Money" from his 2000 compilation album 40 #1 Hits. The track "If It's Gonna Rain" was previously recorded by country music artist George Strait on his 2000 self-named album.

text:
# My Life (Ronnie Milsap album)

***My Life*** was the twenty-fourth studio album of Country music artist Ronnie Milsap. It was released in 2006, marking his return to RCA Nashville, after a departure in 1991 following *Back to the Grindstone*. Two singles were released from the album including "Local Girls" and "You Don't Know My Love", the latter did not chart but the former reached No. 54 on country charts, Milsap's first activity on the chart since the release of "Time, Love and Money" from his 2000 compilation album *40 #1 Hits*.

The track "If It's Gonna Rain" was previously recorded by country music artist George Strait on his 2000 self-named album.

## Content

*My Life* starts off with the track, "You Don't Know My Love", which Milsap released as his second single from the album. Described by about.com as "a little funky," the song is "upbeat" while describing "stable love." The third track "My Life", shares its name with the album, and is reflective, finding the performer "reminiscing about his life." Allmusic remarked that the song had "nostalgic undertones" and was perfect for an individual in their sixties. Milsap was 61 upon the album's release. The fourth track, "If It's Gonna Rain", was written by songwriter Dean Dillon among others. Dillon is best known for his collaborations with George Strait, who had recorded the song six years prior to Milsap. "Rain" is a ballad that centers around lost love, repeating the chorus, "If It's Gonna Rain, Let it pour'" throughout the song. The next track, "Time Keeps Slipping Away" is described as "catchy" by about.com. The song discusses the fast-paced life of 21st century America.

The seventh track, "A Day in the Life of America", is described by allmusic.com as a "chronicling of mundane everyday events that borders on the depressing." The song discusses such activities as waiting in traffic, drinking coffee, microwaving dinner, checking e-mail, watching television in a day, and then proceeding to repeat the cycle the following day, while commenting that it's "just a day, a day in the life of America". The ninth track, "Local Girls" was released as a single, charting at No. 54. The song describes a man's visit to a tropical location, and his discovery of a "local girl", whom he ultimately marries. A video was released with the track. It features Milsap performing the song in a party setting.

## Reception

The record peaked at No. 46 on the country albums chart, Milsap's first appearance on the chart since *Back to the Grindstone*. Allmusic gave the album four stars, describing it as "bright and tuneful and relaxed as the best of \[Milsap's\] early-\[1980s\] crossover albums" remaining "true" to his "strengths as a country-pop hitmaker." The tracks "A Day in the Life of America" and "My Life" are cited as addressing "American life in the early 2000s." About.com gave the album five stars, commenting that Milsap's voice "has remained virtually unchanged since he hit the airwaves in the early \[1970s\]."

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "You Don't Know My Love" (featuring Jypsi) | Jim Collins, Craig Wiseman | 3:36 |
| 2. | "It's All Coming Back to Me Now" | Jon Mabe, Patrick Matthews, Jim McCormick | 3:30 |
| 3. | "My Life" | Catt Gravitt, Gerald O'Brien, Pam Rose | 4:21 |
| 4. | "If It's Gonna Rain" | Dean Dillon, Scotty Emerick, Donny Kees | 3:56 |
| 5. | "Time Keeps Slipping Away" | Marc Beeson, Don Rollins, D. Vincent Williams | 3:16 |
| 6. | "Why Can't I" | Bob DiPiero, Karyn Rochelle | 3:49 |
| 7. | "A Day in the Life of America" | Melinda Duncan, Jim Femino, Williams | 3:59 |
| 8. | "Somewhere Dry" | Billy Lawson, Wally Wilson | 3:40 |
| 9. | "Local Girls" | DiPiero, Rivers Rutherford | 3:42 |
| 10. | "Every Fire" | Cathy Majeski, John Scott Sherrill | 3:34 |
| 11. | "Accept My Love" | Glen Clark, Jeff Silbar | 4:03 |

## Personnel

## Chart

| Chart (2006) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| U.S. Top Country Albums | 46 |

### Singles

| Year | Song | US Country |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2006 | "Local Girls" | 54 |
| 2006 | "You Don't Know My Love" | - |

## InfoBox

| My Life | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Ronnie Milsap | |
| Released | June 27, 2006 |
| Genre | Country |
| Label | RCA Nashville |
| Producer | Keith Stegall |
| Ronnie Milsap chronology | |
| *Just for a Thrill*
(2004) ***My Life***
(2006) *16 Biggest Hits*
(2007) | |


title: Pocasset village

abstract: Pocasset was a former Wampanoag settlement, located between present-day Tiverton in Newport County, Rhode Island, and Fall River in Bristol County, Massachusetts. Pocasset is also the band of Wampanoag who lived in the settlement. This village site should not be confused with Pocasset, Massachusetts, a census-designated place within the town of Bourne in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, about 50 miles east of this Pocasset. The site of Bourne, Massasschusetts was first a Praying Town settled in 1674, possibly also known as Pispogutt.

text:
# Pocasset village

**Pocasset** was a former Wampanoag settlement, located between present-day Tiverton in Newport County, Rhode Island, and Fall River in Bristol County, Massachusetts. Pocasset is also the band of Wampanoag who lived in the settlement.

This village site should not be confused with Pocasset, Massachusetts, a census-designated place within the town of Bourne in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, about 50 miles east of this Pocasset. The site of Bourne, Massasschusetts was first a Praying Town settled in 1674, possibly also known as Pispogutt.

## Name

Pocasset is a Wôpanâak name which translates as "Where a strait widens out." It is also spelled Paugusset, Pocasicke, Pocasett, Pocassitt, Pokeesett, and Powakasick.

The band of Wampanoag people associated with Pocasset were also called the Troy Indians, Weetemore Indians, and Fall River Indians.

## History

### Precontact

The area is part of the Sapowet Point-Almy Brook Area which contains more than 40 archaeological sites, dating back to 4000 years ago.

### 17th century

From about 1618 to 1630, Corbitant (c. 1595 – 1630) was the chief or *sachem* of Pocasset.

In 1659, the Plymouth Colony purchased Wampanoag lands near Fall River from Wamsutta (c. 1634 – 1662), a Wampanoag sachem, in the "Freeman's Purchase." Wamsutta was the brother of Metacomet (Wampanoag, 1638–1676), also known as King Philip.

In the 1670s, Westamore (Wampanoag, c. 1635 – 1676), a *sunksqua* or woman chief, governed the community. Westamore, also known as Weetamoo, was the daughter of Corbitant and widow of Wamsutta.

Leading up to the King Philip's War (1675–1676, the Pocasset populations "were so numerous that her armed men, able to go out upon the war path, were supposed to number three hundred." British colonists encroached on Wampanoag land and cleared forests, which reduced local game for subsistence. When war broke out, Westamore sent warriors in support of Metacomet. Her husband at the time, Petonanuit, sided with the English, and his followers became the Fall River Indian settlement.

A skirmish took place near the village between the Pocasset Wampanoag warriors loyal and English and Fall River Indian volunteers, under the command of Colonel Benjamin Church.

Westamore drowned in the Tehticut River while fleeing English soldiers in 1676. Immediately after the fighting, the Pocasset Wampanoags fled to Narragansett territory for temporary refuse from the English.

After the battle, the Plymouth Colony allowed the Fall River Indians who fought under Church to settle among the English colonists. In 1679 and 1680, the Colony of New Plymouth bought the "Pocasset Purchase."

## Notable Pocasset


title: Roper Lethbridge

abstract: Sir Roper Lethbridge was a British academic and civil servant in India and a Conservative Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1885 to 1892.

text:
# Roper Lethbridge

**Sir Roper Lethbridge** KCIE (23 December 1840 – 15 February 1919) was a British academic and civil servant in India and a Conservative Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1885 to 1892.

## Early life and education

Lethbridge was the son of E. Lethbridge of Ste. Addresse, France. He was educated at Exeter College, Oxford and entered Inner Temple in 1864.

## Career

He was appointed a professor in the Bengal Educational Department in 1868, and became a Fellow of University of Calcutta and Secretary of Simla Educational Commission. He was Editor of the *Calcutta Quarterly Review* from 1871 to 1878. In 1877, he moved to the Indian Political Department as Political Agent, 1st class, and was appointed Press Commissioner in 1878 when he was awarded Companion of the Indian Empire. He was knighted in 1885. Lethbridge was Hon. Member of the Anjuman-i-Punjab, a Member of the Asiatic Society and the Asiatic Society of Bengal and a Member of Council of East Indian Association and of the National Indian Association.

At the 1885 general election Lethbridge was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Kensington North. He was re-elected in 1886 held the seat until he stood down at the 1892 election. He was awarded a KCIE in the 1890 Birthday Honours.

Lethbridge wrote several works about India.

He died at the age of 78.

## Personal life

Lethbridge married Eliza Finlay in 1865. Their daughter Caroline married Frederick Gorell Barnes. He married his second wife Emma Neave in 1897. They lived at Cornwall Terrace, Regent's Park, London.

## Publications

* *A Short Manual of the History of India* (1881)
* Lethbridge, Roper, Sir (1893). *The History of India*. London : Macmillan.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
* Lethbridge, Roper (November 2006). *The Indian Offer of Imperial Preference* PS King 1913 and Read Books, 2006. ISBN 1-4067-2001-1.
* *The Golden Book of India: A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled Or Decorated of the Indian Empire*. Aakar Books. 2005. ISBN 81-87879-54-8.
* *Swadeshi and British Fiscal Policy*
* *Devon and Cornwall Notes and Queries* 1919

## InfoBox

| Sir Roper LethbridgeKCIE | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament
for Kensington North | |
| **In office**
1885–1892 | |
| Preceded by | *New constituency* |
| Succeeded by | Frederick Frye |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1840-12-23)23 December 1840 |
| Died | 15 February 1919(1919-02-15) (aged 78) |
| Political party | Conservative |
| Education | Exeter College, Oxford |
|  | |


title: Roper Mountain Science Center

abstract: Roper Mountain Science Center is located in Greenville, South Carolina. It encompasses a campus containing facilities for studying life and natural sciences, space and physical sciences. Among its facilities are the Living History Farm, the Darrell W. Harrison Hall of Natural Sciences, the Simms Hall of Science, the T.C. Hooper Planetarium, and the Daniel Observatory. The center is a part of the Greenville County School District.

text:
# Roper Mountain Science Center

**Roper Mountain Science Center** is located in Greenville, South Carolina. It encompasses a campus containing facilities for studying life and natural sciences, space and physical sciences. Among its facilities are the Living History Farm, the Darrell W. Harrison Hall of Natural Sciences, the Simms Hall of Science, the T.C. Hooper Planetarium, and the Daniel Observatory. The center is a part of the Greenville County School District.

## History

Roper Mountain Science Center was started as a unique partnership between public and private resources. Initial planning for the center began in 1982 and the center opened in 1985.

## Charles E. Daniel Observatory

Charles E. Daniel Observatory
| Alternative names | ropermountain.org |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Greenville, South Carolina |
| Coordinates | 34°50′24″N 82°18′27″W / 34.84000°N 82.30750°W / 34.84000; -82.30750 |
| Altitude | 363 metres (1,191 ft) |
| Website | Website |
| Telescopes | |
| Halsted Refractor 58.4 cm (23.0 in) | |
| Location of Charles E. Daniel Observatory | |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |

The principal telescope at the observatory is a 58.4 cm (23.0 in) refracting telescope. the objective lens was made by Alvan Clark and Sons. The telescope, which was finished in 1882, was installed at the Halsted Observatory of Princeton University. The telescope was rebuilt in 1933 by J. W. Fecker Company. The telescope was transferred to the US Naval Observatory in 1964. In 1968, it was offered to the Greenville County School District. The telescope was renovated and an observatory was built through a donation from the Charles E. Daniel Family Foundation. It is the eighth largest refractor telescope in the United States.

## InfoBox

Roper Mountain Science Center
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Established | 1985 |
| Location | 402 Roper Mountain Road, Greenville, South Carolina 29615 |
| Type | Science museum |
| Owner | Greenville County School District |
| Website | Official website |


title: Placido Scoppa

abstract: Placido Scoppa, C.R. was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Venosa (1699–1710) and Archbishop of Dubrovnik (1693–1699).

text:
# Placido Scoppa

**Placido Scoppa, C.R.** (10 October 1640 – December 1710) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop (Personal Title) of Venosa (1699–1710) and Archbishop of Dubrovnik (1693–1699).

## Biography

Placido Scoppa was born in Messina, Italy on 10 October 1640 and ordained a priest in the Congregation of Clerics Regular of the Divine Providence on 12 October 1664. On 8 June 1693, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Innocent XII as Archbishop of Dubrovnik. On 14 June 1693, he was consecrated bishop by Pier Matteo Petrucci, Cardinal-Priest of San Marcello, with Giuseppe Felice Barlacci, Bishop Emeritus of Narni, and Francesco Maria Moles, Bishop of Nola, serving as co-consecrators. On 11 April 1699, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Innocent XII as Archbishop (Personal Title) of Venosa. He served as Archbishop (Personal Title) of Venosa until his death in December 1710.

## Episcopal succession

While bishop, he was the principal co-consecrator of:

## InfoBox

| Most Reverend
Placido Scoppa | |
| --- | --- |
| Archbishop (Personal Title) of Venosa | |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| Diocese | Diocese of Venosa |
| In office | 1699–1710 |
| Predecessor | Giovanni Francesco de Lorenzi |
| Successor | Giovanni Michele Teroni |
| Previous post(s) | Archbishop of Dubrovnik (1693–1699) |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 12 October 1664 |
| Consecration | 14 June 1693
by Pier Matteo Petrucci |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 10 October 1640
Messina, Italy |
| Died | December 1710 (age 70)
Venosa, Italy |


title: My Life (Iris DeMent album)

abstract: My Life is the second album released by singer-songwriter Iris DeMent. Released in 1994 on Warner Bros., it peaked at number 16 on the Billboard Heatseekers chart. The album was dedicated to her father, Patric Shaw DeMent, who died in 1992.

text:
# My Life (Iris DeMent album)

***My Life*** is the second album released by singer-songwriter Iris DeMent. Released in 1994 on Warner Bros., it peaked at number 16 on the *Billboard* Heatseekers chart.

The album was dedicated to her father, Patric Shaw DeMent, who died in 1992.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Austin American-Statesman* |  |
| *Chicago Tribune* |  |
| *Christgau's Consumer Guide* | A+ |
| *The Encyclopedia of Popular Music* |  |
| *Entertainment Weekly* | A |
| *Los Angeles Times* |  |
| *The New Rolling Stone Album Guide* |  |
| *Rolling Stone* |  |
| *Spin Alternative Record Guide* | 9/10 |

*Spin* ranked *My Life* as the 3rd best album of 1994. Writing in *Spin*, Eric Weisbard described the album as "...unbreakable gentleness as a modern epiphany about rural values."

The album was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Folk Album at the 37th Annual Grammy Awards.

## Track listing

All songs by Iris DeMent except as indicated.

### Side one

1. "Sweet Is the Melody" – 3:41
2. "You've Done Nothing Wrong" – 4:22
3. "Calling for You" – 3:18
4. "Childhood Memories" – 4:38
5. "No Time to Cry" – 6:49

### Side two

1. "Troublesome Waters" (Maybelle Carter, Ezra J. Carter, Dixie Deen) – 5:15
2. "Mom and Dad's Waltz" (Lefty Frizzell) – 2:37
3. "Easy's Gettin' Harder Every Day" – 5:01
4. "The Shores of Jordan" – 3:18
5. "My Life" – 3:30

## Personnel

* Iris DeMent – vocals, acoustic guitar, harmony vocal, piano on "My Life"
* Richard Bennett – acoustic guitar, electric guitar
* John Catchings – cello
* "Cowboy" Jack Clement – acoustic guitar
* Charles Cochran – piano, keyboards
* Stuart Duncan – fiddle, mandolin
* Mark Howard – acoustic guitar
* Roy Huskey, Jr. – upright bass
* Kenny Malone – percussion
* Pat McInerney – drums
* Phil Parlapiano – accordion on "You've Done Nothing Wrong"
* Al Perkins – dobro
* Pete Wasner – keyboards, piano
* Joy White – harmony vocal on "Childhood Memories"
* Linda Williams – harmony vocal on "The Shores of Jordan"
* Robin Williams – harmony vocal on "The Shores of Jordan"

## InfoBox

| My Life | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Iris DeMent | |
| Released | 1994 |
| Recorded | Cowboy Arms (Nashville, Tennessee) |
| Genre | Country folk |
| Length | 42:29 |
| Label | Warner Bros. |
| Producer | Jim Rooney |
| Iris DeMent chronology | |
| *Infamous Angel*
(1992) ***My Life***
(1994) *The Way I Should*
(1996) | |


title: Ngandi language

abstract: Ngandi is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of the Wilton River, Northern Territory. It is closely related to Nunggubuyu. In 2017 the last fluent speaker of Ngandi, Cherry Wulumirr Daniels, began teaching the language to younger people at Ngukurr. She died in 2019. A short film, Lil Bois, written in the language and directed by Daniels's nephew, was released in 2018.

text:
# Ngandi language

**Ngandi** is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of the Wilton River, Northern Territory. It is closely related to Nunggubuyu.

In 2017 the last fluent speaker of Ngandi, Cherry Wulumirr Daniels, began teaching the language to younger people at Ngukurr. She died in 2019.

A short film, *Lil Bois*, written in the language and directed by Daniels's nephew, was released in 2018.

## InfoBox

| Ngandi | |
| --- | --- |
| Region | Northern Territory |
| Ethnicity | Ngandi |
| Extinct | 2019 (with the death of C. W. Daniels) |
| Language family | Arnhem * East Arnhem     + **Ngandi** |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | `nid` |
| *Glottolog* | `ngan1295` |
| AIATSIS | `N90` |
| ELP | Ngandi |


title: Plumbeous pigeon

abstract: The plumbeous pigeon is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.

text:
# Plumbeous pigeon

The **plumbeous pigeon** (***Patagioenas plumbea***) is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The plumbeous pigeon is most closely related to the ruddy pigeon (*P. subvinacea*), short-billed pigeon (*P. nigrirostris*), and dusky pigeon (*P. goodsoni*), and they have sometimes been placed in subgenus *Oenoenas*. These six subspecies are recognized:

Vocal differences among and even within the subspecies hint that more than one species may be involved.

## Description

The plumbeous pigeon is 34 cm (13 in) long and weighs 172 to 231 g (6.1 to 8.1 oz). Males have a dark gray head, neck, and underparts that sometimes have a pinkish or purplish tinge. The shoulders, back, rump, wings, and tail are dark grayish brown to drab olive. The hindneck sometimes has bronzy spots. The eye is red and surrounded by bare purplish red skin. The female's purplish wash is less intense and the neck spots more intense than the male's. Juveniles are duller than the adults, with very little purplish wash, and some feathers have rusty edges. The subspecies differ mostly in the amount and intensity of the pink or purple on the upperparts. Visually the plumbeous pigeon can be confused with the ruddy pigeon (*P. subvinacea*) where their ranges overlap, but their vocalizations are very different.

## Distribution and habitat

The subspecies of plumbeous pigeon are found thus:

* *P. p. chapmani* – west slope of the Andes from Colombia south to Ecuador's El Oro Province
* *P. p. bogotensis* – east slope of the Andes from Venezuela and Colombia south to Bolivia's Cochabamba Department
* *P. p. wallacei* – extreme eastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and eastern Amazonian Brazil as far west as the Rio Negro and Rio Tapajós
* *P. p. pallescens* – eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and western Brazil along the southern tributaries of the Amazon from the Rio Purus to Pará state
* *P. p. baeri* – Brazil, Goiás and northwestern Minas Gerais states
* *P. p. plumbea* – eastern Paraguay and southeastern Brazil

The plumbeous pigeon inhabits tropical and subtropical rainforest and cloudforest, both primary and secondary. North of the Rio Orinoco it is found between 1,200 and 1,900 m (3,900 and 6,200 ft) of elevation but south of there only between 200 and 300 m (660 and 980 ft). In southeastern Brazil it makes seasonal altitudinal migrations.

## Behavior

### Feeding

The plumbeous pigeon forages in the forest canopy for fruit and seeds. In Brazil it feeds heavily on mistletoe drupes at some times of the year.

### Breeding

The plumbeous pigeon's breeding phenology has not been studied.

### Vocalization

The general pattern of the plumbeous pigeon's song is "a repeated rhythmic phrase of 2–5 coos" and the call is "a purring, drawn-out, slightly overslurred 'rrrrrow'." There are at least five distinct vocal groups whose songs are variations on the general pattern.

## Status

The IUCN has assessed the plumbeous pigeon as being of Least Concern. The species is widespread and fairly common throughout.

## InfoBox

| Plumbeous pigeon | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Columbiformes |
| Family: | Columbidae |
| Genus: | *Patagioenas* |
| Species: | ***P. plumbea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Patagioenas plumbea***
(Vieillot, 1818) | |
|
|  | |
| Synonyms | |
| *Columba plumbea*Vieillot, 1818 | |


title: Heaven (Jay-Z song)

abstract: "Heaven" is a song recorded by American rapper Jay-Z for his twelfth studio album Magna Carta Holy Grail (2013), featuring American recording artist Justin Timberlake. The song was written by Jay-Z, Timberlake, The-Dream, R.E.M., Adrian Younge, Timbaland, and J-Roc, while the production was handled by the latter two. During the song, Jay-Z touches on subjects of religious allegory and an interrogation of organized religion. The song has since peaked at number 10 on the Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles.

text:
# Heaven (Jay-Z song)

"**Heaven**" is a song recorded by American rapper Jay-Z for his twelfth studio album *Magna Carta Holy Grail* (2013), featuring American recording artist Justin Timberlake. The song was written by Jay-Z, Timberlake, The-Dream, R.E.M., Adrian Younge, Timbaland, and J-Roc, while the production was handled by the latter two. During the song, Jay-Z touches on subjects of religious allegory and an interrogation of organized religion. The song has since peaked at number 10 on the *Billboard* Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles.

## Background

On "Heaven", Jay-Z questions the meaning of religion and once again shoots down rumors that he is part of the secret organization Illuminati. He explained the song in a promotional video for Samsung, saying,

> "No matter what religion you are, accept the other people's idea. Because, have you ever been to heaven? This song is toying with the idea of it being on Heaven or Hell on earth. My idea of being on Heaven is in your daughter's laughter. Hell could be if your child missing's for three minutes; you in three minutes of Hell."

The song indulges in religious allegory, and is one of the few songs on *Magna Carta Holy Grail* that touches upon existential and spiritual themes. Throughout the song he ponders faith, superstition and free thinking.

The songs features Jay-Z rapping a lyric of rock band R.E.M.'s 1991 single "Losing My Religion". Following the album's release, former frontman of R.E.M. Michael Stipe told *NME* that he was "thrilled" and that it was a "great honor" that Jay-Z included the lyrics in one of his songs.

## Release and promotion

On June 25, 2013, "Heaven" became the second song from *Magna Carta Holy Grail* (after the lead single "Holy Grail") to have its partial lyrics revealed by the JAY Z MAGNA CARTA App via Samsung. On June 27, 2013, Jay-Z released a video via the same app of him discussing the song in depth with superproducer Rick Rubin.

## Critical reception

"Heaven" was met with generally positive reviews, with most critics praising it over the hit lead single, another Jay-Z/Justin Timberlake collaboration, "Holy Grail". Ian Cohen of **Pitchfork** praised the song as one of the album's strong points, stating, "Heaven" is the most thought-provoking spiritual meditation \[Jay-Z's\] written, and the willful misreading of "Losing My Religion" is used to powerful effect. David Weiss of *Paste* credited "Heaven" for setting off the most interesting section of the album, ending at the Beyoncé-featuring "Part II (On the Run)". Del F. Cowie of *Exclaim!* said the song's production "sounded like a long-lost Wu-Tang instrumental somehow bereft of an Inspectah Deck verse." Randall Roberts of the *Los Angeles Times* praised the song's production by Timbaland, saying: "The producer and rapper move with the coordination of expert magicians juggling Champagne bottles and knives."

Louis Pattison of *NME* gave a more mixed review, related to Jay-Z not taking full advantage of the subject matter. Grant Jones of RapReviews said of the song: "The piercing "Heaven" starts off well, with an intriguing defense of Illuminati rumours from Jay, but shortly falls back on his lavish lifestyle, using Maybachs and Lamborghinis as metaphors for angels." In a negative review, Colin McGuire of *PopMatters* called the R.E.M. sample awkward and cheesy. Mike Diver of *Clash* also discredited Jay-Z for not taking advantage of the "rich imagery" of the R.E.M. sample.

## Charts

| Chart (2013) | Peak<br>position |
| --- | --- |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (*Billboard*) | 10 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (*Billboard*) | 46 |

## InfoBox

| "Heaven" | |
| --- | --- |
| Song by Jay-Z featuring Justin Timberlake | |
| from the album  *Magna Carta Holy Grail* | |
| Released | July 4, 2013 |
| Recorded | 2013 |
| Genre | Hip hop |
| Length | 4:03 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) |  |


title: My Life (Phil Ochs song)

abstract: "My Life" is a 1969 song by Phil Ochs, a US singer-songwriter best known for the protest songs he wrote in the 1960s. "My Life" is the fifth song on Rehearsals for Retirement, an album Ochs recorded in the aftermath of the protests at the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago. In the song, Ochs says that his life, which had once been a joy, had become like death to him. In "My Life", Ochs sings "Take everything I own/Take your tap from my phone/And leave my life alone." Years after his death, it was revealed that the FBI had a file of nearly 500 pages on Ochs.

text:
# My Life (Phil Ochs song)

| "My Life" | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional copy of "My Life" | |
| Single by Phil Ochs | |
| B-side | "The World Began in Eden and Ended in Los Angeles" |
| Released | 1969 |
| Genre | Folk rock |
| Length | 3:11 |
| Label | A&M |
| Songwriter(s) | Phil Ochs |
| Producer(s) | Larry Marks |
| Phil Ochs singles chronology | |
| "The War Is Over"
(1968) "**My Life**"
(1969) "One Way Ticket Home"
(1972) | |

"**My Life**" is a 1969 song by Phil Ochs, a US singer-songwriter best known for the protest songs he wrote in the 1960s.

"My Life" is the fifth song on *Rehearsals for Retirement*, an album Ochs recorded in the aftermath of the protests at the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago. In the song, Ochs says that his life, which had once been a joy, had become like death to him.

In "My Life", Ochs sings "Take everything I own/Take your tap from my phone/And leave my life alone." Years after his death, it was revealed that the FBI had a file of nearly 500 pages on Ochs.

## InfoBox

| "My Life" | |
| --- | --- |
| Song by Phil Ochs | |
| from the album  *Rehearsals for Retirement* | |
| Published | 1969 |
| Released | 1969 |
| Genre | Folk rock |
| Length | 3:11 |
| Label | A&M |
| Songwriter(s) | Phil Ochs |
| Producer(s) | Larry Marks |


title: Méguet Department

abstract: Méguet is a department or commune of Ganzourgou Province in central-eastern Burkina Faso. Its capital lies at the town of Méguet. According to the 1996 census the department has a total population of 34,668.

text:
# Méguet Department

**Méguet** is a department or commune of Ganzourgou Province in central-eastern Burkina Faso. Its capital lies at the town of Méguet. According to the 1996 census the department has a total population of 34,668.

## Towns and villages

12°25′N 0°43′W / 12.417°N 0.717°W / 12.417; -0.717

## InfoBox

| Méguet | |
| --- | --- |
| Department | |
| Méguet Department location in the province | |
| Country | Burkina Faso |
| Province | Ganzourgou Province |
| Population (1996) | |
| Total | 34,668 |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT 0) |


title: Amani (musician)

abstract: Cecilia Wairimu, better known by her stage name Amani, is a Kenyan singer and songwriter. Her contributions to the Kenyan music industry have earned her several coveted accolades, including the Best Female category at the 2009 MTV Africa Music Awards, Pearl of Africa Music Awards, Kisima Awards, and Chaguo La Teeniez Awards. She released her debut album in 2006.

text:
# Amani (musician)

**Cecilia Wairimu** (born 28 November 1980), better known by her stage name **Amani**, is a Kenyan singer and songwriter. Her contributions to the Kenyan music industry have earned her several coveted accolades, including the Best Female category at the 2009 MTV Africa Music Awards, Pearl of Africa Music Awards, Kisima Awards, and Chaguo La Teeniez Awards. She released her debut album in 2006.

## Career

### Beginnings

Amani attended Bishop Gatimu Ngandu Girls High School, where she was part of the a cappella group Sobriety. She signed a record deal with Ogopa Deejays in 1999, right after graduating from high school. She enrolled at the United States International University in 2000 and studied international business administration.

### Career breakthrough: 200006; *Tamani*

Her debut single "Move On" was a radio hit. She released her follow-up singles "Tahidi" and "Papii" in 2001. Her 2002 collaboration with Nameless, titled "Ninanoki", was a major national hit. Her later singles include "Talk to You" (featuring Patonee and Big Pin), "Bad Boy" (featuring Nyashinski of Kleptomaniax), Usiwe Mbali (featuring AY), "Tamani", "Missing My Baby", and "Tonight".

She is currently the brand Ambassador for Airtel Kenya.

Her debut album, *Tamani*, was released in 2006. She has toured in the United States, Norway, Germany, the United Kingdom, Namibia, Tanzania, and Uganda. Moreover, she has performed in Dubai, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Liberia and Djibouti.

### 2010present: Grand comeback to the music industry

In 2010, Amani was featured on "Hands Across The World", a song written and produced by R Kelly. The song serves as the first release for the African supergroup One 8, composed of Amani, Ali Kiba, Navio, Fally Ipupa, 2face Idibia, JK, 4x4, and Movaizhaleine. Described as "an uplifting ballad" by Billboard's Diane Coetzer, the song was released by Rockstar 4000 Music Entertainment.

In 2013, she worked with Uganda's dancehall duo Radio & Weasel to release the song "Kiboko Changu", which serves as the lead single off her latest album. In 2015, she released the single "Kizungu Zungu". In July 2015, she released the reggae and dancehall-influenced song "Heartbreaker". Its music video was shot at Nairobi's Garden Estate and officially released on 8 September 2015.

Cecilia Wairimu got born again in 2018 with 'My God' and 'Upendo' being some of her songs as a born again Christian.

## Discography

### Singles and studio albums

| Year | Single | Album | Ref(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | "Move On" | ***Tamani*** |  |
| 2001 | "Tahidi" | |  |
| | "Papii" | |  |
| 2002 | "Ninanoki" (Amani featuring Nameless) | |  |
| 2006 | "Missing My Baby" | |  |
| 2008 | "Usiwe Mbali Nami" (Amani featuring AY) | TBA |  |
| 2009 | "Tonight" | |  |
| 2013 | "Kiboko Changu" (Amani featuring Radio & Weasel) | |  |
| 2015 | "Kizungu Zungu" | |  |
| | "Heartbreaker" | |  |
|

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Association | Award | Nominated work | Result | Ref(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2002 | Chaguo La Teeniez Awards | Best Female Artist |  | Nominated |  |
| 2006 | 2006 Kisima Music Awards | Female Artiste of the year | | Won |  |
| | | Collabo of the year | "Bad Boy" with Nyashiski | Won |  |
| | CHAT Awards | Favourite Female Artiste |  | Won |  |
| | Favourite Song | | Won |  |
| | Favourite Collabo | | Won |  |
| | Pearl of Africa Music Awards | | Best Kenyan Female Artiste | Nominated |  |
| 2007 | 2007 Kisima Music Awards | | Boomba Female | Won |  |
| | Pearl of Africa Music Awards (PAM Awards) | | Best Female Artist (Kenya) | Won |  |
| | Tanzania Music Awards | Best East African Song | "Bad Boy" | Won |  |
| 2008 | Tanzania Music Awards | Best East African Song | "Missing My Baby" | Nominated |  |
| | Channel O Music Video Awards | Best R&B video in Africa | | Nominated |  |
| | Best East African Song | Nominated | |  |
| 2009 | Channel O Music Video Awards | Best Female Video | "Tonight" | Nominated |  |
| | | Best R&B video | | Nominated |  |
| | | Best East African | |  |
| | | Video of the Year | |  |
| | MTV Africa Music Awards 2009 | Best Female |  | Won |  |
| 2014 | MTV Africa Music Awards 2014 | Best Collaboration | "Kiboko Changu" featuring Radio and Weasel | Nominated |  |
|

### Recognitions

* Pure and Natural Most Inspiring Young Woman 2010.
* Pearl of Africa Music Award-Best Female Artist 2010

## InfoBox

| Amani | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Cecilia Wairimu |
| Born | (1980-11-28) 28 November 1980<br>Thika, Kiambu, Kenya |
| Origin | Nairobi, Kenya |
| Genres |  |
| Occupations | * Singer * songwriter |
| Instrument | Vocals |
| Years active | 1999–present |
| Labels | Ogopa Deejays |


title: Rodney K. Harrison

abstract: Rodney K. Harrison is an American police officer and administrator who recently served as the Police Commissioner of the Suffolk County Police Department. He previously served in the New York City Police Department where he achieved the highest uniform rank, Chief of department. Harrison began his career with the NYPD as a cadet in 1991. He became a Police Officer on June 30, 1992. Harrison was assigned as an undercover in the Narcotics Division, and in 1995 he was promoted to detective. Harrison was named the Commanding Officer of the 28th and 32nd Precincts in Harlem. In 2014 he was selected by then Commissioner Bratton to be second-in-command in Staten Island following the killing of Eric Garner by police. Harrison was promoted to Chief of Patrol where he oversaw the implementation of the Neighborhood Policing Program. In December 2019, Harrison was named the first black Chief of Detectives in the NYPD'S 175-year history. In 2021, Harrison was promoted to Chief of department, the highest-ranking uniform member of the department. Harrison announced his retirement from the NYPD in November 2021. On December 21, 2021, it was announced that Harrison was nominated to be the Police Commissioner of Suffolk County. He was unanimously approved by the Suffolk County Legislature. Harrison became the first black Police Commissioner in the Department's history.

text:
# Rodney K. Harrison

**Rodney K. Harrison** (born February 25, 1969) is an American police officer and administrator who recently served as the Police Commissioner of the Suffolk County Police Department. He previously served in the New York City Police Department where he achieved the highest uniform rank, Chief of department.

Harrison began his career with the NYPD as a cadet in 1991. He became a Police Officer on June 30, 1992. Harrison was assigned as an undercover in the Narcotics Division, and in 1995 he was promoted to detective.

Harrison was named the Commanding Officer of the 28th and 32nd Precincts in Harlem. In 2014 he was selected by then Commissioner Bratton to be second-in-command in Staten Island following the killing of Eric Garner by police. Harrison was promoted to Chief of Patrol where he oversaw the implementation of the Neighborhood Policing Program.

In December 2019, Harrison was named the first black Chief of Detectives in the NYPD'S 175-year history.

In 2021, Harrison was promoted to Chief of department, the highest-ranking uniform member of the department. Harrison announced his retirement from the NYPD in November 2021.

On December 21, 2021, it was announced that Harrison was nominated to be the Police Commissioner of Suffolk County. He was unanimously approved by the Suffolk County Legislature. Harrison became the first black Police Commissioner in the Department's history.

## Early life

Harrison grew up in the South Jamaica section of Queens and joined the NYPD in 1991 as a police cadet. He attended Benjamin N Cardozo High School. Harrison was sworn in as a police officer in the June 30, 1992 midnight class. The class was sworn in one second into July 1 because the New York City fiscal budget begins on July 1 and ends on June 30. Harrison graduated from the NYC Police Academy on January 12, 1993. After graduating, he patrolled the 114th Precinct in Astoria, Queens.

## Career

### Suffolk County Police Department

In December 2021, Suffolk County Executive, Steve Bellone nominated Harrison to be the county's police commissioner. Harrison retired from the NYPD after a 30-year career as a result. On December 23, 2021, Suffolk County's legislature unanimously confirmed Harrison's nomination and thus cleared the path for his appointment. Harrison was sworn in as the Commissioner of the Suffolk County Police Department on Tuesday, January 11, 2022.

### New York City Police Department

In December 2019, Harrison was promoted to the position of the Chief of Detectives – the first black person to hold the role since the New York City Police Department's founding 200 years prior.

## Dates of rank

Sworn in as a Patrolman - 07/01/1992
Promoted to Detective - 1995
Promoted to Sergeant - 1996
Promoted to Lieutenant - 2002
Promoted to Captain - 2007
Promoted to Deputy Inspector - 2011
Promoted to Inspector - 2013
Promoted to Deputy Chief - 2016
Promoted to Chief of Patrol - 2018
Promoted to Chief of Detectives - 2019
Chief of Department - 2021

## InfoBox

| Rodney K. Harrison | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Commissioner of the Suffolk County Police Department | |
| **In office**
December 31, 2021  December 15, 2023 | |
| Appointed by | Steve Bellone |
| Preceded by | Geraldine Hart |
| Succeeded by | Risco Mention-Lewis (acting) |
| Chief of the New York City Police Department | |
| **In office**
March 30, 2021  December 31, 2021 | |
| Appointed by | Dermot Shea |
| Preceded by | Terence Monahan |
| Succeeded by | Kenneth Corey |
| Chief of Detectives of the New York City Police Department | |
| **In office**
December 1, 2019  March 29, 2021 | |
| Preceded by | Dermot F. Shea |
| Succeeded by | James W. Essig |
| Chief of Patrol of the New York City Police Department | |
| **In office**
January 18, 2018  November 30, 2019 | |
| Preceded by | Terence Monahan |
| Succeeded by | Fausto B. Pichardo |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1969-02-25) February 25, 1969 |
| Alma mater | New York City Police Academy |
|  | |


title: Mercy B. Jackson

abstract: Mercy Ruggles Bisbee Jackson, M.D. was an American physician. She was one of the first women to earn a Doctor of Medicine degree, specifically in obstetrics and gynecology.

text:
# Mercy B. Jackson

**Mercy Ruggles Bisbee Jackson, M.D.** (17 September 1802  13 December 1877) was an American physician. She was one of the first women to earn a Doctor of Medicine degree, specifically in obstetrics and gynecology.

## Domestic life

Mercy Ruggles was born in Hardwick, Massachusetts on September 17, 1802, to Constant Ruggles, Esq. and his wife.

At that time, women who were interested in the healthcare field were restricted to work as nurses, midwives, or 'healers'. Ruggles was able to attend school, and at the age of 17 she graduated from a private school in Hardwick. Shortly after her graduation, she moved to Plainfield to take up a temporary teaching job. She then returned to Hardwick and married her first husband Reverend John Bisbee in 1823. Jackson and Bisbee had three children together, one of whom died in infancy from scarlet fever, and another dying of pneumonia in 1832. Jackson was left a widow in 1829 when Bisbee died unexpectedly from pneumonia.

At this time, she opened a school for young ladies, giving them a very basic education. She then met her second husband Capt. Daniel Jackson who had four children from a previous marriage. The two married in 1833 and moved to Plymouth, Massachusetts. The couple had eight children together, only four of whom survived.

## Education

Jackson bore eleven children in her life, and mothered four more. This fueled her interest gynecology, and medical research as a whole. While in Plymouth, she practiced homeopathic medicine while educating herself with medical books.

In 1852, her second husband died of cancer. At this point she became serious about her studies and felt that she needed a more formal education and training. Jackson returned to school in her 50s to study homeopathy. At this time homeopathy was very popular in the US and there were 22 homeopathic medical schools, including the New York School of Medicine and the medical school at the University of Michigan.

In 1860, at the age of 58, Jackson earned the Doctor of Medicine degree at Boston's New England Female Medical College (1860) now known as Boston University School of Medicine. She graduated with Caroline Hastings and Mary Jane Safford.

## Career

Jackson was heavily involved in American homeopathy in the 19th century, and attended several conventions as a speaker and presenter. In 1861 she applied to join the American Institute of Homeopathy, but was rejected as she was not a man; she was finally admitted in 1871.

She specialized in Obstetrics and Gynaecology with a heavy focus on uterine hemorrhaging. Problems such as 'displacement of the uterus' were common in this time, and it was thought to affect a woman's ability to bear children, as well as her overall health and wellbeing. The suggested treatments for this included scarification, electricity, cauterization, and abdominal supporters which were dangerous to a women's health. For uterine hemorrhaging, the most common treatment was putting ice on it and hoping that the bleeding would stop.

Jackson was one of many homeopaths that took an interest in changing this practice in order to make it less dangerous and more comfortable for the patient. She became known to many women across the country and was preferred by many patients. She had a good track record, with many patients responding positively to her treatment. Throughout her life, she was mentioned in many homeopathic journals in both the US and Britain. She later became the first woman to be inducted into the American Institute of Homeopathy.

In 1873 she became adjunct professor at the Boston School of Medicine. She was also on the board of directors for the Women's Educational and Industrial Union and published several articles in the Woman's Journal.

Mercy Ruggles Bisbee Jackson died December 13, 1877, in Boston, Massachusetts and is buried at Oak Grove Cemetery in Plymouth, Massachusetts.

## Citations

* Hanaford, Phebe A. *Daughters of America; Or, Women of the Century*. Augusta, Me.: True, 1882. Print.
* Port, Jane. "Mercy B. Jackson, M.D." *Pilgrim Hall Museum*. Web.
* Kirschmann, Anne Taylor. Vital Force: Women in American Homeopathy. New Brunswick, NJ, USA: Rutgers University Press, 2003. ProQuest ebrary. Web. 22 February 2016.
* Jeançon, J. A. *Diseases of the Sexual Organs: Anatomy, Normal and Morbid ; Pathology, Physical Diagnosis and Treatment of the Diseases of Those Organs*. Cincinnati: Progress Pub., 1887. Print.

## Further reading

* Atwater, Edward C (2016). *Women Medical Doctors in the United States before the Civil War: A Biographical Dictionary*. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press. ISBN 9781580465717. OCLC 945359277.

## InfoBox

| Mercy B. Jackson | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Mercy Ruggles
(1802-09-17)September 17, 1802
Hardwick, Massachusetts, United States |
| Died | December 13, 1877(1877-12-13) (aged 75)
Boston, Massachusetts, United States |
| Alma mater | New England Female Medical College |
| Known for | Early female physician |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Homeopath |
|  | |


title: Phi4 Ceti

abstract: Phi⁴ Ceti is a solitary, orange-hued star in the equatorial constellation Cetus. It is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.61. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 9.76 mas as seen from Earth, it is located approximately 334 light years from the Sun. At that distance, the visual magnitude of the star is diminished by an extinction factor of 0.10 due to interstellar dust, giving it an absolute magnitude of 0.70. It is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −19 km/s. This is an evolved G-type giant star with a stellar classification of G8 III. At the estimated age of 1.5 billion years, is a red clump giant on the horizontal branch, which indicates it is generating energy through helium fusion at its core. The star has about 1.76 times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to 11 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 60 times the solar luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,903 K.

text:
# Phi4 Ceti

**Phi4 Ceti** is a solitary, orange-hued star in the equatorial constellation Cetus. It is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.61. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 9.76 mas as seen from Earth, it is located approximately 334 light years from the Sun. At that distance, the visual magnitude of the star is diminished by an extinction factor of 0.10 due to interstellar dust, giving it an absolute magnitude of 0.70. It is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −19 km/s.

This is an evolved G-type giant star with a stellar classification of G8 III. At the estimated age of 1.5 billion years, is a red clump giant on the horizontal branch, which indicates it is generating energy through helium fusion at its core. The star has about 1.76 times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to 11 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 60 times the solar luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,903 K.

## InfoBox

Phi4 Ceti
| Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS) | |
| --- | --- |
| Constellation | Cetus |
|
| Right ascension | 00h 58m 43.86832s |
| Declination | −11° 22 47.9147 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 5.61 |
| Characteristics | |
| Evolutionary stage | Horizontal branch |
| Spectral type | G8 III |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| B−V color index | +0.94 |
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
| Astrometry | |
|  | |
| **Radial velocity (Rv)** | −19.24±0.07 km/s |
| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: −33.159 mas/yr
Dec.: −14.202 mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 9.7623 ± 0.1120 mas |
| **Distance** | 334 ± 4 ly
(102 ± 1 pc) |
| **Absolute magnitude (MV)** | 0.696 |
|  | |
| Details | |
|  | |
| **Mass** | 1.76±0.18 |
| **Radius** | 11.08+0.35
−0.26 |
| **Luminosity** | 64.9±0.9 |
| **Surface gravity (log *g*)** | 2.60±0.06 cgs |
| **Temperature** | 4,903±28 |
| **Metallicity** \[Fe/H\] | −0.17±0.03 dex |
| **Rotational velocity (*v* sin *i*)** | 0.83±0.48 km/s |
| **Age** | 1.52 Gyr |
|  | |
| Other designations | |
| φ4 Cet, 23 Cet, BD−12°173, HD 5722, HIP 4587, HR 279, SAO 147546 | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |


title: NES Play Action Football

abstract: NES Play Action Football is a football video game developed by Tose and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was released in 1990 in North America only. The game was also ported to the Game Boy as Play Action Football, and received a follow-up on the Super NES titled Super Play Action Football in 1992 in North America only. It was released on the Wii Virtual Console in North America on September 10, 2007. The Virtual Console version was available as a Club Nintendo bonus download from August 19 to September 2, 2012.

text:
# NES Play Action Football

***NES Play Action Football*** is a football video game developed by Tose and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was released in 1990 in North America only. The game was also ported to the Game Boy as *Play Action Football*, and received a follow-up on the Super NES titled *Super Play Action Football* in 1992 in North America only. It was released on the Wii Virtual Console in North America on September 10, 2007. The Virtual Console version was available as a Club Nintendo bonus download from August 19 to September 2, 2012.

## Overview

*NES Play Action Football* allows players to choose from eight teams from various cities. For licensing reasons, the original game features only the city rather than the actual name of each NFL team and only the surnames and numbers (although a comprehensive set down to various position-specific levels on each depth chart) of actual players that were currently playing for the corresponding NFL team during the 1989 NFL season: Los Angeles, Denver, San Francisco, Washington, Miami, New York, Chicago, and Houston. In the Virtual Console re-release, references to the National Football League Players Association were removed, and players were given fictitious names, though their stats, numbers, and face graphics were unchanged.

The game used an isometric view, presenting the game at an angle to make it appear 3-D, and the game allowed a very large number of moving objects (all the players) to be on screen at the same time. Another feature was the use of primitive digitized voices for such actions as "Touchdown!" or "First down!" and "Ready! Set! Hut, hut.." before the play begins. At the end of each game, Nintendo Power mascot character Nester appears as a commentator, announcing who wins and who loses.

The game was one of the few games that supported the NES Satellite and NES Four Score four controller adapters. To allow teammates to select plays without showing the competitors, it included a NES Play Action Football 4 player play card. The teammates could point to the plays they were going to pick on the card, and then enter the combination on-screen without the opposition knowing.

## InfoBox

| NES Play Action Football | |
| --- | --- |
| Box art of *NES Play Action Football* | |
| Developer(s) | Tose |
| Publisher(s) | Nintendo |
| Platform(s) | Nintendo Entertainment System, Game Boy |
| Release | **NES**
**Game Boy**
* NA: December 1990 |
| Genre(s) | Sports |
| Mode(s) | Single-player, multiplayer |


title: Niagara Automobile Company (1915)

abstract: Niagara Automobile Company was an American automobile manufacturer in Buffalo, New York in 1915 and 1916. Other American automobile manufacturers that used the brand name Niagara were Niagara Automobile Company (1901) and Niagara Motor Vehicle Company, both of which had minimal, if any production. Wilson Automobile Company, used the brand Niagara and Niagara Motor Car Corporation called their automobile Lad's Car.

text:
# Niagara Automobile Company (1915)

**Niagara Automobile Company** was an American automobile manufacturer in Buffalo, New York in 1915 and 1916.

Other American automobile manufacturers that used the brand name **Niagara** were Niagara Automobile Company (1901) and Niagara Motor Vehicle Company, both of which had minimal, if any production. Wilson Automobile Company, used the brand Niagara and Niagara Motor Car Corporation called their automobile Lad's Car.

## History

The company was founded in 1915 in Buffalo, New York. It was a merger of Mutual Motor Car Company and Buffalo's largest automobile dealer, Poppenberg Motor Company. Production was contracted to Crow-Elkhart in Elkhart, Indiana. The name of the brand was **Niagara** with **Four** added to the name on some advertising.

One model, C-16 was made with a four-cylinder engine made by Lycoming. Touring cars and Roadsters were marketed both priced at $740, equivalent to $22,288 in 2023. Production ended in 1916 after about 500 automobiles were produced.

## InfoBox

Niagara Automobile Company
| Company type | Automobile manufacturer |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Automotive |
| Founded | 1915 (1915) |
| Defunct | 1916 (1916) |
| Fate | Discontinued |
| Headquarters | Buffalo, New York, United States |
| Products | Automobiles |
| Production output | 500 approx (1915-1916) |
| Brands | Niagara, Niagara Four |


abstract: The pneumonia of unknown etiology (PUE) surveillance system is a Chinese monitoring system, established in response to the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak to track emerging respiratory infections, including avian flu and SARS. On 29 December 2019, local hospitals in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, identified four closely related people, linked to a local wet market, as having a “pneumonia of unknown etiology” using the national system. Their illness was later confirmed as COVID-19 due to SARS-CoV-2.

text:
# Pneumonia of unknown etiology (PUE) surveillance system

The **pneumonia of unknown etiology (PUE) surveillance system** is a Chinese monitoring system, established in response to the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak to track emerging respiratory infections, including avian flu and SARS. On 29 December 2019, local hospitals in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, identified four closely related people, linked to a local wet market, as having a “pneumonia of unknown etiology” using the national system. Their illness was later confirmed as COVID-19 due to SARS-CoV-2.

## InfoBox

| Pneumonia of unknown etiology (PUE) surveillance system | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Traditional Chinese | 不明原因肺炎監測系統 |
| Simplified Chinese | 不明原因肺炎监测系统 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin bùmíng yuányīn fèiyán jiāncè xìtǒng | |
|  | |


title: Hebron, Utah

abstract: Hebron is a ghost town on Shoal Creek in Washington County in southwestern Utah, United States. Hebron was inhabited from 1862 until 1902, when the already-declining town was mostly destroyed by an earthquake. The present-day city of Enterprise, 6 miles (9.7 km) to the east, was settled largely by people leaving Hebron.

text:
# Hebron, Utah

**Hebron** is a ghost town on Shoal Creek in Washington County in southwestern Utah, United States. Hebron was inhabited from 1862 until 1902, when the already-declining town was mostly destroyed by an earthquake. The present-day city of Enterprise, 6 miles (9.7 km) to the east, was settled largely by people leaving Hebron.

## History

### Foundation

This area was explored in 1862 by a group of men led by John and Charles Pulsipher, who were herding livestock owned by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. They drove the cattle from the St. George area as far north as Mountain Meadows, then explored much of the land lying south of the Escalante Desert. They were favorably impressed with the Shoal Creek area and decided it would be a good place to settle with their families. Encouraged by the local Paiutes, the pioneers brought their families and organized a ranching community called *Shoal Creek*. The Pulsiphers' father, prominent LDS leader Zera Pulsipher, moved here in the fall of 1862 and became the local presiding church officer.

A small fort was built here in 1866, when the outbreak of the Black Hawk War caused widespread fear of Indian attacks. The larger community of Clover Valley, located in the Clover Valley of present-day Nevada, was evacuated and its residents moved to the Shoal Creek fort. Gardens and fodder grew well, and the settlement began to thrive. It became an important source of supplies for the silver mining camps of eastern Nevada, particularly Pioche, and later for nearby Silver Reef, Utah. In 1867 a schoolhouse was built.

In 1868, LDS Apostle Erastus Snow came to form a congregation. The population was 75. Snow directed the surveying of a formal townsite, which John Pulsipher named for the biblical Hebron. Shoal Creek had been a scattered, loosely organized settlement, but Hebron became a fast-growing town. Soon it had a hotel, several stores, freight offices, and in 1872 a telegraph office.

### Decline

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1870 | 111 |  |  |
| 1880 | 110 |  | −0.9% |
| 1890 | 79 |  | −28.2% |
| 1900 | 100 |  | 26.6% |

In common with other early settlements of Utah's Dixie, Hebron's greatest obstacles had to do with water. Originally planned as a ranching community, it lacked sufficient water for the irrigation of substantial farms. A wooden flume was built to bring water from a nearby spring to water Hebron's farms, but it collapsed due to excessively wet weather in 1885. One of the former Clover Valley farmers named Orson Huntsman proposed to build a large reservoir on Shoal Creek, but the plan was controversial and received little support from his neighbors. In 1891, Huntsman had a 320-acre (130 ha) townsite surveyed below the proposed reservoir site, then filed a desert land entry on the land, which he called Enterprise. After some three years of seeking investors, he organized a formal company to construct the reservoir in 1893. Hebron's leaders responded by building a new, longer aqueduct with additional dams, ditches, and roads. They tried to keep water and residents from flowing from Hebron to Enterprise, but families began to move where the farming prospects were better.

### Destruction

On November 17, 1902, Hebron was severely damaged by an earthquake centered at Pine Valley, with an estimated magnitude of 6 and an intensity of VIII. Most of the rock homes in Hebron were irreparably ruined, and the exodus to Enterprise accelerated. The rest of Hebron's residents moved, selling their water rights to the Enterprise Reservoir Company. In 1904, what was left of the town of Hebron sold all remaining water rights. The departing residents tore down the damaged buildings for the materials, leaving only rubble and a small cemetery.

## InfoBox

| Hebron | |
| --- | --- |
| Ghost town | |
| HebronLocation of Hebron in UtahHebronHebron (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 37°34′36″N 113°49′11″W / 37.57667°N 113.81972°W / 37.57667; -113.81972 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Utah |
| County | Washington |
| Settled | 1862 (1862) |
| Abandoned | 1902 (1902) |
| Named for | Hebron |
| Elevation | 5,476 ft (1,669 m) |
| GNIS feature ID | 1455698 |


title: NASCAR 08

abstract: NASCAR 08 is the eleventh installment of the EA Sports NASCAR series. It was developed by EA Tiburon for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 and by Exient Entertainment for PlayStation 2. This was the earliest that EA has released a NASCAR game at the time, until NASCAR 09, which featured a June release. It also marks the first time the original Xbox has been excluded from the NASCAR lineup since NASCAR 2001. Tony Stewart is on the cover marking his third appearance on the cover of an EA Sports NASCAR game since NASCAR Thunder 2004. The cover in the PAL region features Juan Pablo Montoya. NASCAR's new Car of Tomorrow as well as the current car are present in the game, although the Car of Tomorrow is generic. ESPN's NASCAR coverage is also integrated into the game.

text:
# NASCAR 08

***NASCAR 08*** is the eleventh installment of the EA Sports NASCAR series. It was developed by EA Tiburon for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 and by Exient Entertainment for PlayStation 2. This was the earliest that EA has released a NASCAR game at the time, until *NASCAR 09*, which featured a June release. It also marks the first time the original Xbox has been excluded from the NASCAR lineup since *NASCAR 2001*.

Tony Stewart is on the cover marking his third appearance on the cover of an EA Sports NASCAR game since NASCAR Thunder 2004. The cover in the PAL region features Juan Pablo Montoya (as Montoya returns to EA Sports cover athlete since F1 Career Challenge). NASCAR's new Car of Tomorrow as well as the current car are present in the game, although the Car of Tomorrow is generic (no separate manufacturers). ESPN's NASCAR coverage is also integrated into the game.

## Reception

Critical reception of the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 version of the game has been mixed. *Play Magazine* gave the game 38%. *GameSpot* gave the Xbox 360 version a 6.0 rating and a 6.0 for the PlayStation 3 version. *IGN* called *NASCAR 08* "bare-bones, unpolished and uninspired", saying that the package felt insubstantial with the lack of basic inclusions such as ending wrap-up screens for the Season mode.

Critical reception of the PlayStation 2 version was better when compared to the previous year's *NASCAR 07*, but was still mixed. *Strategy Informer* reviewed the title, stating that the game improved in insubstantial ways over the previous entry through appealing to a broader audience in favor of the core fans invested in its mechanics.

## InfoBox

| NASCAR 08 | |
| --- | --- |
| North American PS2 cover art featuring Tony Stewart | |
| Developer(s) | EA Tiburon
Exient Entertainment (PS2) |
| Publisher(s) | EA Sports |
| Series | *EA Sports NASCAR* |
| Engine | EAGL 4 |
| Platform(s) | PlayStation 2
PlayStation 3
Xbox 360 |
| Release | July 23, 2007 * **PlayStation 2** *  * **PlayStation 3** *  * **Xbox 360** * |
| Genre(s) | Racing |
| Mode(s) | Single-player, multiplayer |


title: Amani Asfour

abstract: Amany Asfour is a businessperson from Egypt.

text:
# Amani Asfour

**Amany Asfour** is a businessperson from Egypt.

## Career

She holds the titles of:

* President, International Federation of Business & Professional Women
* President, Egyptian Business Women Association (EBWA)
* President, Organization of Women in Trade OWIT - Cairo Chapter
* President, African Alliance for Women Empowerment
* President, Afro-Arab Network for Women Empowerment
* Chairwoman, FEMCOM Federation of Business Women Associations of Common Market for Eastern & Southern Africa (COMESA).
* Vice Chairwoman, COMESA Business Council
* Founder, Hatshepsut Women Business Development Center and Business Incubator for Entrepreneurs
* Chairwoman, Human Resources, Science & Technology Cluster of the AU\- ECOSOCC
* President, Mediterranean Congress for Business and Professional Women
* Secretary General, African Society for Scientific Research & Technology

## Early life

Asfour graduated from Faculty of Medicine - Cairo University and has her master's degree and M.D. in pediatrics. She is a lecturer of pediatrics at the National Research Center of Egypt. She joined the private sector when she was a student. Within a few years, she was also able to establish a company for medical equipment, selling more than 30 different brands.

## Other interests

Asfour's interests were not limited to establishing her private business. She realized the importance of creating an organization targeting economic empowerment for women and the promotion of entrepreneurship. She established the Egyptian Businesswomens' Association in 1995 with the objectives of promoting young generations of women entrepreneurs and giving guidance to women business owners of small and medium-size enterprises. Her organization also supports mainstream women in the global market. She directed her efforts toward economic empowerment for women, capacity building, development of human resources, and equal opportunity for girls and women in education, training, and promotion of women and youth in science and technology.

## Worldwide contributions

Asfour is active in the African, Arab, and Mediterranean. She founded an association for business and professional women in Egypt and then established The African Alliance for Women Empowerment. The latter focuses on the whole of Africa, targeting female empowerment and promoting economic integration among women and youth entrepreneurs in Africa. Asfour also initiated the Mediterranean Congress for Business and Professional Women as a platform for sharing experiences and good practices among women entrepreneurs in the Mediterranean region.

Asfour has received many awards from Egypt, Africa, the Arab world, and the Islamic world. She has established many partnerships with international and regional organizations, including UN Women, UNDP, ILO, UNIDO, the African Union, the European Union, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), and different Mediterranean chambers of commerce. She was also successful in implementing 2 large projects for establishing the Hatshepsut Business Women Development Center and a regional program for the support of female entrepreneurs in Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia.


title: Harry Leonard Sawatzky

abstract: Harry Leonard Sawatzky was a Canadian scholar in the field of human geography. Sawatzky grew up in a traditional Plautdietsch-speaking Russian Mennonite community in southern Manitoba. He got his BA from the University of Manitoba in 1961. In 1963 he got his MA and in 1967 his PhD, both from the University of California, Berkeley. In 1963 he began his teaching at the University of Manitoba.

text:
# Harry Leonard Sawatzky

**Harry Leonard Sawatzky** (10 February 1931 – 30 April 2008) was a Canadian scholar in the field of human geography.

Sawatzky grew up in a traditional Plautdietsch-speaking Russian Mennonite community in southern Manitoba. He got his BA from the University of Manitoba in 1961. In 1963 he got his MA and in 1967 his PhD, both from the University of California, Berkeley. In 1963 he began his teaching at the University of Manitoba.

## Works

* *They Sought a Country: Mennonite Colonization in Mexico, with an appendix on Mennonite colonization in British Honduras*. Berkeley, University of California, 1971.
* *Sie suchten eine Heimat : deutsch-mennonitische Kolonisierung in Mexiko, 1922 - 1984*, Marburg 1986. (This book is not just a German translation of *They Sought a Country*, as the title seems to indicate, but a work of its own.)


title: Metaflow Technologies

abstract: Metaflow Technologies was a microprocessor design company based in La Jolla, California. It was founded in 1988 by Val Popescu, Merle Schultz, Gary Gibson, John Spracklen, and Bruce Lightner. The company is not well known to the general public as none of its designs were ever manufactured in volume. The company is known within the computer architecture community as it published articles in technical journals in the early 1990s that described how an out-of-order with speculative execution CPU might be designed. This was one of the first publicly disclosed OoO designs from a non-academic source. Described as specialising in VLIW technology, this having been licensed to Intel, Metaflow announced a collaboration with LSI Logic and Hyundai to develop a CMOS-based SPARC processor codenamed Lightning capable of achieving a performance of 80 MIPS, being around double that of some contemporary SPARC designs. The product itself was a multi-chip processor designed according to the architectural principles previously published by the company. The chips were designed and built by LSI Logic, but that support went away before full production could be reached. The Thunder project was a follow-on that was funded by Hyundai. Hyundai gained control of the company in 1994. This project did not go into production either. The company was acquired by ST Microelectronics in 1998. ST Micro originally wanted this design team to work on an Intel IA-32 clone, but eventually the team was used for non-personal computer SOCs. It is rumored that Metaflow collaborated with the Intel team that would eventually design the Pentium Pro, the first commercially available Out-of-Order x86 processor. Following STMicroelectronics' acquisition in May 1997 of a majority stake in Metaflow, the relationship between the companies soured. Sources indicate that the two were unable to agree on which direction to take Metaflow's technology, creating a rift that resulted in ST's buying out Metaflow's last remaining founders: President Val Popescu, Vice President Bruce Lightner, and Director of Engineering Gary Gibson. Gibson has since taken a position with Mosart Systems, working on some as-yet-undisclosed new processor. The originator of much of the technology underlying today's superscalar out-of-order microprocessors, Metaflow was never able to reap its just rewards. Begun in 1985, the company's first project, a SPARC-based ECL gate-array processor, was supplanted in 1989 by Lightning, a CMOS design backed by funding and IC-design resources from Hyundai. But the division of labor between the two companies proved stormy, and in 1991 Lightning was discharged, creating Thunder—a 0.8-micrometre three-chip processor designed entirely by Metaflow. In 1995, the company successfully demonstrated an 80-MHz Thunder processor—which delivered 2.5 SPECint92/MHz—just as Hyundai decided it wanted x86-based processors instead of SPARCs. Metaflow had a brush with success in the early 1990s when, working under contract to Intel, it convinced the processor giant that out-of-order design offered the best hope for building fast x86 processors. In fact, sources indicate that inside Intel the P6 was initially referred to as the "Metaflow processor." Sources have also revealed that Intel actually tried to buy Metaflow, but Andy Grove, unable to come to terms with Hyundai, had to abort the purchase. Intel subsequently acquired the IP rights to Metaflow's technology through a patent cross-license with Hyundai for DRAM technology. The Pentium Pro using a centralized reservation station and instant repair of out-of-order and speculative execution, bears the clear mark of Metaflow¹s involvement. More than 150 Intel patents cite Metaflow intellectual property as prior art. In 1997, frustrated by the inability to control its own IP and thus its own destiny, Metaflow convinced Hyundai to sell out to ST. Since then, ST and Metaflow have been jointly developing an x86-based processor. But, already unhappy with ST's plans for that part as well as with its lackluster process technology, Metaflow's leaders were pushed over the brink when ST traded Metaflow's IP to IBM in an x86-for-PowerPC swap. Some Metaflow designers continue to work on ST's x86 project, but with the leaders gone and ST more interested in the low end of the x86 market, chances are slim that the x86 chip will ever see daylight—especially now that ST has a Pentium-class x86 project under way in India. ST officials declined to comment, other than to acknowledge that ST has indeed taken full ownership of Metaflow and to express confidence in the design team that remains.

text:
# Metaflow Technologies

**Metaflow Technologies** was a microprocessor design company based in La Jolla, California. It was founded in 1988 by Val Popescu, Merle Schultz, Gary Gibson, John Spracklen, and Bruce Lightner.

The company is not well known to the general public as none of its designs were ever manufactured in volume. The company is known within the computer architecture community as it published articles in technical journals in the early 1990s that described how an out-of-order with speculative execution CPU might be designed. This was one of the first publicly disclosed *OoO* designs from a non-academic source.

Described as specialising in VLIW (Very Long Instruction Word) technology, this having been licensed to Intel, Metaflow announced a collaboration with LSI Logic and Hyundai to develop a CMOS-based SPARC processor codenamed *Lightning* capable of achieving a performance of 80 MIPS, being around double that of some contemporary SPARC designs. The product itself was a multi-chip processor designed according to the architectural principles previously published by the company. The chips were designed and built by LSI Logic, but that support went away before full production could be reached.

The *Thunder* project was a follow-on that was funded by Hyundai. Hyundai gained control of the company in 1994. This project did not go into production either.

The company was acquired by ST Microelectronics (called SGS Thomson Microelectronics at the time) in 1998. ST Micro originally wanted this design team to work on an Intel IA-32 clone, but eventually the team was used for non-personal computer SOCs.

It is rumored that Metaflow collaborated with the Intel team that would eventually design the Pentium Pro, the first commercially available *Out-of-Order* x86 processor.

Following STMicroelectronics' acquisition in May 1997 of a majority stake in Metaflow, the relationship between the companies soured. Sources indicate that the two were unable to agree on which direction to take Metaflow's technology, creating a rift that resulted in ST's buying out Metaflow's last remaining founders: President Val Popescu, Vice President Bruce Lightner, and Director of Engineering Gary Gibson. Gibson has since taken a position with Mosart Systems, working on some as-yet-undisclosed new processor.

The originator of much of the technology underlying today's superscalar out-of-order microprocessors, Metaflow was never able to reap its just rewards. Begun in 1985, the company's first project, a SPARC-based ECL gate-array processor, was supplanted in 1989 by Lightning, a CMOS design backed by funding and IC-design resources from Hyundai. But the division of labor between the two companies proved stormy, and in 1991 Lightning was discharged, creating Thunder—a 0.8-micrometre three-chip processor designed entirely by Metaflow. In 1995, the company successfully demonstrated an 80-MHz Thunder processor—which delivered 2.5 SPECint92/MHz—just as Hyundai decided it wanted x86-based processors instead of SPARCs.

Metaflow had a brush with success in the early 1990s when, working under contract to Intel, it convinced the processor giant that out-of-order design offered the best hope for building fast x86 processors. In fact, sources indicate that inside Intel the P6 was initially referred to as the "Metaflow processor." Sources have also revealed that Intel actually tried to buy Metaflow, but Andy Grove, unable to come to terms with Hyundai, had to abort the purchase.

Intel subsequently acquired the IP rights to Metaflow's technology through a patent cross-license with Hyundai for DRAM technology. The Pentium Pro using a centralized reservation station and instant repair of out-of-order and speculative execution, bears the clear mark of Metaflow¹s involvement. More than 150 Intel patents cite Metaflow intellectual property as prior art. In 1997, frustrated by the inability to control its own IP and thus its own destiny, Metaflow convinced Hyundai to sell out to ST. Since then, ST and Metaflow have been jointly developing an x86-based processor. But, already unhappy with ST's plans for that part as well as with its lackluster process technology, Metaflow's leaders were pushed over the brink when ST traded Metaflow's IP to IBM in an x86-for-PowerPC swap.

Some Metaflow designers continue to work on ST's x86 project, but with the leaders gone and ST more interested in the low end of the x86 market, chances are slim that the x86 chip will ever see daylight—especially now that ST has a Pentium-class x86 project under way in India. ST officials declined to comment, other than to acknowledge that ST has indeed taken full ownership of Metaflow and to express confidence in the design team that remains.


title: Friends in the Corner

abstract: Friends in the Corner is the second extended play (EP) by English singer and songwriter Foxes. It was released on 1 April 2021 through PIAS Recordings. The EP was preceded by numerous singles, including "Love Not Loving You", "Woman", "Friends in the Corner", "Hollywood" and "Kathleen" which were released throughout 2020 and 2021.

text:
# Friends in the Corner

***Friends in the Corner*** is the second extended play (EP) by English singer and songwriter Foxes. It was released on 1 April 2021 through PIAS Recordings. The EP was preceded by numerous singles, including "Love Not Loving You", "Woman", "Friends in the Corner", "Hollywood" and "Kathleen" which were released throughout 2020 and 2021.

## Background

Following the release of her second album, *All I Need*, Foxes took a four-year hiatus from music. In February 2018, she teased new music stating "Thank you for your patience with this next record... I will be releasing new music this year and I can't wait to share it with you".

## Release and promotion

The EP's lead single, "Love Not Loving You", was released on 20 May 2020. The song was her first release in four years and marked Foxes' first release with her new record label, PIAS, after departing from RCA and Sign of the Times. The second single, "Woman", was released on 29 July 2020. This was followed by "Friends in the Corner" on 2 September 2020 and "Hollywood" on 4 December 2020.

"Kathleen" was released as the fifth single on 17 March 2021, along with a YouTube premiere for its music video. The announcement of the EP's release coincided with the premiere, and the EP was made available for pre-order on 19 March 2021.

## Track listing

*Friends in the Corner* track listing
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Friends in the Corner" |  | Oli Bayston | 3:29 |
| 2. | "Kathleen" | * Allen * Courage * Laura Dockrill | * Charlie Hugall * Courage | 3:51 |
| 3. | "Love Not Loving You" | * Allen * Jon Green * Jack Leonard * Jonny Harris | * Cheap Cuts * Luke Smith | 3:34 |
| 4. | "Hollywood" | * Allen * Green * Leonard * Harris | * Cheap Cuts * Green | 3:20 |
| 5. | "Dance" | * Allen * Jennifer Decilveo | * Bayston * Rich Cooper | 3:20 |
| 6. | "Woman" | * Allen * Paul Dixon | Paul Dixon | 3:14 |
| 7. | "Courage" | * Allen * Dixon | Smith | 4:07 |
| 8. | "Kathleen" (Live Acoustic) | * Allen * Courage * Dockrill | * Hugall * Courage | 3:57 |
| Total length: | | | | 27:40 |

## InfoBox

| Friends in the Corner | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Foxes | |
| Released | 1 April 2021 (2021-04-01) |
| Genre | Pop |
| Length | 27:40 |
| Label | PIAS |
| Foxes chronology | |
| *All I Need*
(2016) ***Friends in the Corner***
(2021) *The Kick*
(2022) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Friends in the Corner* | |
| 1. "Love Not Loving You"
Released: 20 May 2020 2. "Woman"
Released: 29 July 2020 3. "Friends in the Corner"
Released: 2 September 2020 4. "Hollywood"
Released: 4 December 2020 5. "Kathleen"
Released: 17 March 2021 | |
|  | |


title: NGC 2537

abstract: NGC 2537, also known as the Bear Paw Galaxy, Bear Claw Galaxy, Arp 6, or Mrk 86, is a blue compact dwarf galaxy in the constellation Lynx, located around 3 degrees NNW of 31 Lyncis. It was discovered on 6 February 1788 by German-British astronomer William Herschel. NGC 2537 belongs to the iE class of Blue Compact Dwarf (BCD) classification, which is described as galactic spectra with an underlying smooth elliptical Low Surface Brightness component with a superimposed "knotted" star formation component. NGC 2537 was long thought to be possibly interacting with IC 2233. However, this is now considered highly unlikely as radio observations with the Very Large Array showed the two galaxies lie at different distances. Although no supernovae have been observed in NGC 2537 yet, a luminous blue variable, designated AT 2017be, was discovered on 6 January 2017.

text:
# NGC 2537

**NGC 2537**, also known as the **Bear Paw Galaxy**, **Bear Claw Galaxy**, **Arp 6**, or **Mrk 86**, is a blue compact dwarf galaxy in the constellation Lynx, located around 3 degrees NNW of 31 Lyncis. It was discovered on 6 February 1788 by German-British astronomer William Herschel.

NGC 2537 belongs to the iE class of Blue Compact Dwarf (BCD) classification, which is described as galactic spectra with an underlying smooth elliptical Low Surface Brightness component with a superimposed "knotted" star formation component (Gil de Paz et al., 2000, Page 378 Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 145).

NGC 2537 was long thought to be possibly interacting with IC 2233. However, this is now considered highly unlikely as radio observations with the Very Large Array showed the two galaxies lie at different distances.

Although no supernovae have been observed in NGC 2537 yet, a luminous blue variable, designated AT 2017be (type LBV, mag. 18.5), was discovered on 6 January 2017.

## InfoBox

| NGC 2537 | |
| --- | --- |
| NGC 2537 imaged in ultraviolet by GALEX. | |
| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Lynx |
| Right ascension | 8h 13m 14.6s |
| Declination | +45° 59 23 |
| Redshift | 431 ± 1 km/ |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 12.3 |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | SB(rs)dm |
| Apparent size (V) | 1.7 × 1.5 |
| Other designations | |
| Arp 6, UGC 4274, Mrk 86, PGC 23040 | |


title: Nick Graham (rugby league)

abstract: Nick Graham is an Australian former rugby league footballer who played as a lock and second-row forward in the 1990s and 2000s. He played for the Wests Tigers and the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks in the NRL. He also played for the Wigan Warriors in the Super League.

text:
# Nick Graham (rugby league)

**Nick Graham** (born 10 January 1974) is an Australian former rugby league footballer who played as a lock and second-row forward in the 1990s and 2000s.

He played for the Wests Tigers and the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks in the NRL. He also played for the Wigan Warriors in the Super League.

## Background

Graham was born in Caringbah, New South Wales, Australia.

## Playing career

Graham was a club stalwart at the Sharks during the late 1990s, and up until the arrival of Chris Anderson at the club at the beginning of 2003. Nick Graham was controversially axed by Anderson alongside fellow Sharks club stalwart Dean Treister only five matches into the season. While Treister left the club to play for Hull F.C. in the UK, Graham decided to stay at the club and try to win back his first-grade spot.

He later left during the 2003 season to play for the Wigan Warriors in the English Super League for the duration of the year. He returned to Australia and played his final season for the Wests Tigers in 2004. After only featuring in 10 matches Graham decided to retire at the season's end.

## Representative games

* *City:* Played one game for city in Country/City Origin

## Career highlights

* *Junior Club:* De La Salle (Cronulla)
* *Career Stats:* 145 career games to date scoring 16 tries

## InfoBox

Nick Graham
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Nick Graham |
| Born | (1974-10-01) 1 October 1974<br>Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| Height | 185 cm (6 ft 1 in) |
| Weight | 98 kg (216 lb; 15 st 6 lb) |
| Playing information | |
| Position | Lock, Second-row |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1992–03 Cronulla-Sutherland 134 16 0 0 64  2003 Wigan Warriors 14 2 0 0 8  2004 Wests Tigers 10 0 0 0 0  Total 158 18 0 0 72  Representative  Years Team Pld T G FG P  2002 City Origin 1 0 0 0 0 | |
| Source: RLPAs of 22 January 2019 | |


title: Pneumonia jacket

abstract: A pneumonia jacket was a medical device used to warm the chest of a person with pneumonia. In the pre-antibiotic era, supportive care measures such as fluid support and warming were the only treatments available. Pneumonia jackets were variously constructed of oiled silk, muslin, and sometimes even included a system of rubber tubing that circulated hot water around the chest as a means of keeping the patient warm. The term was apparently coined by one Charles Wilson Ingraham of Binghamton, New York. He wrote, "In an article published in the New York Medical Journal, May 18, 1895, I called particular attention to a means of applying heat by the use of what I termed the "pneumonia jacket" which consists of an arrangement for the circulation of hot water through coils of rubber tubing, so arranged as to cover the whole chest...it hastens the various stages of the pneumonia process [and] sustains lobular vitality and consequently the lobe will not be so prone to chronic disease or to recurrent attacks of pneumonia."

text:
# Pneumonia jacket

A **pneumonia jacket** was a medical device used to warm the chest of a person with pneumonia. In the pre-antibiotic era, supportive care measures such as fluid support and warming were the only treatments available. Pneumonia jackets were variously constructed of oiled silk, muslin, and sometimes even included a system of rubber tubing that circulated hot water around the chest as a means of keeping the patient warm.

The term was apparently coined by one Charles Wilson Ingraham of Binghamton, New York. He wrote, "In an article published in the *New York Medical Journal,* May 18, 1895, I called particular attention to a means of applying heat by the use of what I termed the "pneumonia jacket" which consists of an arrangement for the circulation of hot water through coils of rubber tubing, so arranged as to cover the whole chest...it hastens the various stages of the pneumonia process \[and\] sustains lobular vitality and consequently the lobe will not be so prone to chronic disease or to recurrent attacks of pneumonia."


title: Hejce

abstract: Hejce is a village in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Hungary. It is one of the oldest settlements in Hungary, mentioned in records from 1009, when king Stephen I granted it to the episcopate of Eger. Its viniculture was already known around 1600. Count Károly Eszterházy built a palace there in the 18th century. Hejce is remembered for the tragedy of a Slovak AN-24 military aircraft which crashed there on January 19, 2006. The plane was carrying Slovak peacekeeping troops from Pristina in Kosovo to Košice in Slovakia. Only one of the 43 soldiers survived. The Slovak minister of defence honoured the inhabitants of the village for their selfless help in the rescue operations.

text:
# Hejce

**Hejce** is a village in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Hungary. It is one of the oldest settlements in Hungary, mentioned in records from 1009, when king Stephen I granted it to the episcopate of Eger. Its viniculture was already known around 1600. Count Károly Eszterházy built a palace there in the 18th century.

Hejce is remembered for the tragedy of a Slovak AN-24 military aircraft which crashed there on January 19, 2006. The plane was carrying Slovak peacekeeping troops from Pristina in Kosovo to Košice in Slovakia. Only one of the 43 soldiers survived. The Slovak minister of defence honoured the inhabitants of the village for their selfless help in the rescue operations.

## InfoBox

| Hejce | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| HejceLocation of Hejce | |
| Coordinates: 48°25′28″N 21°16′52″E / 48.42452°N 21.28114°E / 48.42452; 21.28114 | |
| Country | Hungary |
| County | Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén |
| Area | |
| Total | 9.52 km2 (3.68 sq mi) |
| Population (2004) | |
| Total | 310 |
| Density | 32.56/km2 (84.3/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 3892 |
| Area code | 46 |


title: Yeşilova, Adıyaman

abstract: Yeşilova is a village in the Adıyaman District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey. Its population is 96 (2021).

text:
# Yeşilova, Adıyaman

**Yeşilova** is a village in the Adıyaman District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey. Its population is 96 (2021).

## InfoBox

| Yeşilova | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| YeşilovaLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 37°36′14″N 38°09′18″E / 37.604°N 38.155°E / 37.604; 38.155 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Adıyaman |
| District | Adıyaman |
| Population (2021) | 96 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: NCR1

abstract: Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCR1 gene. NCR1 has also been designated as CD335 (cluster of differentiation, NKP46, NKp46, NK-p46, and LY94.

text:
# NCR1

**Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *NCR1* gene. NCR1 has also been designated as **CD335** (cluster of differentiation,  **NKP46, NKp46, NK-p46,** and **LY94**.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| NCR1 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Available structures  PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | NCR1, CD335, LY94, NK-p46, NKP46, natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 604530; MGI: 1336212; HomoloGene: 3551; GeneCards: NCR1; OMA:NCR1 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl    UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001145457
NM\_001145458
NM\_001242356
NM\_001242357
NM\_004829   NM\_010746
NM\_001368364   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001138929
NP\_001138930
NP\_001229285
NP\_001229286
NP\_004820   NP\_034876
NP\_001355293   Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 54.91 – 54.92 Mb Chr 7: 4.34 – 4.35 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Aly Tadros

abstract: Alexandra Jennifer "Aly" Tadros is an American singer-songwriter known for her self-taught finger-picking style and her fusion of folk, pop, Mexican, and Middle Eastern influences. She has performed across the United States and in France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.

text:
# Aly Tadros

**Alexandra Jennifer "Aly" Tadros** (born November 1986) is an American singer-songwriter known for her self-taught finger-picking style and her fusion of folk, pop, Mexican, and Middle Eastern influences. She has performed across the United States and in France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.

## Biography

Tadros was born in Laredo, Texas. Her father is Egyptian and her mother is Texan of Irish ancestry. Tadros traveled internationally at age 17 to Turkey, Spain, and Egypt before studying Middle Eastern Studies at Sarah Lawrence. She bought a guitar at 18 and taught herself to play. At 21, she moved to San Antonio and then Austin, Texas, and began her career as a singer-songwriter.

Tadros also volunteered with Care Communities in Austin, Texas and continues to include performances at retirements centers and assisted-living homes.

In June 2018, Tadros described a brief BDSM relationship that she had been in.

## Discography

* *Things Worth Keeping* (2009)
* *Live at Eddie's Attic* (2011, with Chloe Charles)
* *What's it like to be a sprinkler, I wonder?* (2011, with The Sweetness)
* *Whim* (2013) Single (w/ Ben Balmer)
* *The Fits* (2013)
* *Hungry Ghost* (2016)

## InfoBox

| Aly Tadros | |
| --- | --- |
| Aly Tadros performing at the New Leaf Cafe on March 8, 2013 | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Alexandra Jennifer Tadros |
| Born | Laredo, Texas |
| Genres | Indie folk |
| Occupation | Singer-songwriter |
| Instrument(s) | Singing, guitar, vihuela, ukulele |
| Years active | 2009–present |
| Labels | Lost Ridge Records |
|  | |
| Website | http://www.alytadros.com |


title: Harry Norton

abstract: Harry Norton was a British trade union leader. Norton joined the National and Local Government Officers' Association, becoming its Sheffield branch secretary, and winning election to its national executive. In 1944, he moved to the Electrical Power Engineers' Association (EPEA), as its full-time area secretary for Scotland and North East England. He proved successful, and in 1947 was promoted to become the union's National Negotiations Officer, based at its head office, and in 1948 became the union's deputy general secretary. In 1952, Norton was elected unopposed as general secretary of the EPEA. He began suffering from poor health in the 1970s, and retired in 1973, dying three years later. In the 1962 Birthday Honours, Norton was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire.

text:
# Harry Norton

**Harry Norton** OBE (15 October 1907 – 27 August 1976) was a British trade union leader.

Norton joined the National and Local Government Officers' Association, becoming its Sheffield branch secretary, and winning election to its national executive. In 1944, he moved to the Electrical Power Engineers' Association (EPEA), as its full-time area secretary for Scotland and North East England. He proved successful, and in 1947 was promoted to become the union's National Negotiations Officer, based at its head office, and in 1948 became the union's deputy general secretary.

In 1952, Norton was elected unopposed as general secretary of the EPEA. He began suffering from poor health in the 1970s, and retired in 1973, dying three years later.

In the 1962 Birthday Honours, Norton was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire.