title: Red lory

abstract: The red lory is a species of parrot in the family Psittaculidae. It is the second-most commonly kept lory in captivity, after the rainbow lorikeet.

text:
# Red lory

The **red lory** (***Eos bornea***) is a species of parrot in the family Psittaculidae. It is the second-most commonly kept lory in captivity, after the rainbow lorikeet.

## Taxonomy

In 1751 the English naturalist George Edwards included an illustration and a description of the red lory in the fourth volume of his *A Natural History of Uncommon Birds*. He used the English name "The long-tailed scarlet lory". Edwards based his hand-coloured etching on a stuffed specimen that he had purchased from a toyshop in London. He was uncertain of its origin. Edward gave his specimen to the collector Hans Sloane and subsequently a visitor to Sloane's house suggested that the bird may have come from Borneo. When in 1758 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his *Systema Naturae* for the tenth edition, he placed the red lory with the other parrots in the genus *Psittacus*. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the binomial name *Psittacus borneus* and cited Edwards' work. The red lory is now one of six species placed in the genus *Eos* that was introduced by the German naturalist Johann Georg Wagler in 1832. The genus name is from the Ancient Greek *eōs* meaning "dawn". The specific epithet *borneus*, *bornea* is a toponym from Borneo. This is an error as the species does not occur on the island.

There is some uncertainty as to whether Edwards' plate actually depicts a red lory and the binomial name *Eos rubra* (Gmelin, 1788) has sometimes been used for this species.

The word "lory" comes from the Malay *lūri*, a name used for a number of species of colourful parrots. The name was used by the Dutch writer Johan Nieuhof in 1682 in a book describing his travels in the East Indies. The spelling "laurey" was used by English naturalist Eleazar Albin in 1731 for a species of parrot from Brazil, and then in 1751 Edwards used the spelling "lory" for five species of parrot from the East Indies. Edwards credited Nieuhof for the name.

Two subspecies are recognised:

## Description

The red lory is about 31 cm (12 in) long. They weigh 30-300 grams. It is mostly red and all the plumage of the upper body is red. There are red, blue, and black marks on the back and wings, and the tail is reddish-brown with blue under-tail coverts. The beak is orange and the legs are grey. The irises are red except in *E. b. bernsteini*, which has brown irises. There is no bare skin at the base of the lower mandible. The male and female have identical external appearance. Juveniles are duller and have brown irises and a brownish beak. Their bills are narrower and less powerful than other types of parrots and their gizzards are generally thin-walled and weak. A defining characteristic of a Lory is their brush tongues with papillae at the tips to help them feed on pollen and nectar.

## Distribution and habitat

Lories and lorikeets live in Indonesia, New Guinea, Australia and the Pacific. The red lory in particular is endemic to the Moluccas and surrounding islands in Indonesia. Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forests and tropical mangrove forests. It also was introduced to Taiwan.

## Aviculture

This intelligent bird has a playful personality and a colourful appearance. They are often described as flamboyant, theatrical and pugnacious birds. The subspecies, Buru red lory (*Eos bornea cyanonothus*) is darker, more maroon in colour, and is often confused in captivity with the nominate. Inadvertent interbreeding between the two subspecies has made a clear identification difficult for pet owners as hybrids can be found. The other two subspecies are not as common, Rothschild's red lory (*Eos bornea rothschildi*) and Bernstein's red lory (*Eos bornea bernsteini*). Lories are very intelligent, trainable, affectionate, playful and curious and they can display interesting behaviors. For example, some lories have wrapped themselves in a washcloth for sleeping or some sleep on their backs with their feet up in the air. When kept as a pet, they should be given toys (ropes, bells, balls, swings), chewing items and branches. They require much attention and care. They should be bathed frequently in a bird bath, bowl or shower, and they can be dried by the sun or by a blow drier. A moderate amount of their feathers should be clipped to prevent them from flying. Young birds must be socialized and exposed to new people and new things (new cages, toys, vet visits, wing and nail clippings). Outdoor housing is preferred, but if housed in cages, the cages must be large and cleaned often. They may be kept alone or with others, as long as they are closely monitored for signs of aggression. Mated pairs defend their territories forcefully.

## Diet

In the wild, lories eat nectar, pollen, fruits, and occasional insects. As pets they should be fed a good formulated diet. Smaller lories should be fed fresh nectar (commercial or home-made) daily. Larger birds can be fed pellets from a bird food company, or fruits and vegetables such as apples, pomegranates, papaya, grapes, cantaloupe, pineapple, figs, kiwi, and corn-on-the-cob. Lories can be given treats to reward positive behavior. Fresh, clean water should be provided daily.

## Cited texts

## InfoBox

| Red lory | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| At Taronga Zoo, Sydney, Australia | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Psittaciformes |
| Family: | Psittaculidae |
| Genus: | *Eos* |
| Species: | ***E. bornea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eos bornea***
(Linnaeus, 1758) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Eos goodfellowi* Ogilvie-Grant, 1907 * *Psittacus borneus* Linnaeus, 1758 | |


title: Morning Geyser

abstract: Morning Geyser is a fountain-type geyser located in the Fountain Paint Pots area of Lower Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. When active it is the largest geyser in the Fountain Paint Pots area, but in most years it is inactive.

text:
# Morning Geyser

**Morning Geyser** is a fountain-type geyser located in the Fountain Paint Pots area of Lower Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. When active it is the largest geyser in the Fountain Paint Pots area, but in most years it is inactive.

## Eruption

Morning Geyser plays from a pool just beyond that of more frequently active Fountain Geyser, as seen from the boardwalk trail through the Fountain Paint Pots. Morning's maximum height may reach 200 feet (61 m) and just as wide, although most eruptions are smaller. Its duration is usually about 30 minutes, but durations of over one hour have been seen. Eruptions take the form of successive jets of water rather than a constant stream, many starting from a "blue bubble" resembling those observed at Fountain. Morning is sometimes observed to erupt simultaneously with Fountain, although most eruptions are independent.

The first recorded eruptions of Morning Geyser were in 1899, at which time it was called "New Fountain Geyser." Eruptions were rare until 1959, when the 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake (just outside the park) caused significant changes in the activity in the Fountain Paint Pots group of springs. Morning was comparatively active from 1991 through 1993 but then erupted only rarely until 2012. Reactivation occurred in that year, and eruptions were more frequent in late 2012 and 2013, with intervals as short as 6 hours, although more typical intervals ranged from 11 hours to several days. No eruptions were recorded between October 2013 and August 2018; however, the geyser has again been active in the second half of 2018.

A less powerful geyser known as "Morning's Thief" erupts from a vent adjacent to Morning's pool. Morning's Thief has erupted frequently during the last ten years, and has been thought to rob Morning of the energy necessary for an eruption. However, a simultaneous eruption of Morning and Morning's Thief was observed during the former's 2013 active cycle.

## InfoBox

| Morning Geyser | |
| --- | --- |
| Map of the Fountain Paint Pots group showing the location of Morning Geyser | |
|  | |
| Location | Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming |
| Coordinates | 44°33′05″N 110°48′30″W / 44.5514313°N 110.8082572°W / 44.5514313; -110.8082572 |
| Type | Fountain geyser |
| Eruption height | 75 feet (23 m) to 200 feet (61 m), and just as wide. |
| Frequency | 5 hours to 7 days when active, long dormancies |
| Duration | approx. 30 minutes |


title: Red Bridge (Tasmania)

abstract: The Red Bridge in Tasmania crosses the Elizabeth River at Campbell Town. Built in 1838 using penal labour, it is the oldest surviving brick arch bridge in Australia, as well as the oldest bridge anywhere on the National Highway. The bridge contains three arch spans of 7.6 m (25 ft) each and holds two lanes of traffic as well as pedestrian walkways. It lies on the Midland Highway, roughly halfway between Hobart and Launceston, carrying over two million vehicles per year. It is said to have been designed by James Blackburn, architect to Melbourne and a convict himself. It was constructed of 1,250,000 handmade bricks on dry land, and after its completion the river was diverted to flow under the bridge. The Red Bridge is registered on the Register of the National Estate since 1978. The bridge received an Engineering Heritage National Marker from Engineers Australia as part of its Engineering Heritage Recognition Program.

text:
# Red Bridge (Tasmania)

The **Red Bridge** in Tasmania crosses the Elizabeth River at Campbell Town. Built in 1838 using penal labour, it is the oldest surviving brick arch bridge in Australia, as well as the oldest bridge anywhere on the National Highway. The bridge contains three arch spans of 7.6 m (25 ft) each and holds two lanes of traffic as well as pedestrian walkways. It lies on the Midland Highway, roughly halfway between Hobart and Launceston, carrying over two million vehicles per year.

It is said to have been designed by James Blackburn, architect to Melbourne and a convict himself. It was constructed of 1,250,000 handmade bricks on dry land, and after its completion the river was diverted to flow under the bridge.

The Red Bridge is registered on the Register of the National Estate since 1978.

The bridge received an Engineering Heritage National Marker from Engineers Australia as part of its Engineering Heritage Recognition Program.

41°55′58″S 147°29′34″E / 41.9329°S 147.4927°E / -41.9329; 147.4927

## InfoBox

| Red Bridge | |
| --- | --- |
| Red Bridge, Tasmania | |
| Coordinates | 41°55′58″S 147°29′34″E / 41.93289°S 147.49269°E / -41.93289; 147.49269 |
| Carries | Motor vehicles and Pedestrians |
| Crosses | Elizabeth River |
| Locale | Campbell Town, Tasmania,  Australia |
| Heritage status | Registered |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | Arch bridge |
| Material | Brick and Stone |
| Longest span | 7.6 metres (25 ft) |
| No. of spans | 3 |
| History | |
| Designer | James Blackburn |
| Construction start | 1836 |
| Construction end | July 1838 |
| Location | |
|  | |


title: Michael F. Blake

abstract: Michael F. Blake was the chief clerk of the New York City Board of Aldermen from 1892 to 1907 and a Municipal Court Justice in New York City from 1908 to 1928.

text:
# Michael F. Blake

**Michael F. Blake** (August 1, 1857 – July 31, 1929) was the chief clerk of the New York City Board of Aldermen from 1892 to 1907 and a Municipal Court Justice in New York City from 1908 to 1928.

## Early life

Blake was one of seven children born to Michael and Elizabeth Blake, who were both from County Westmeath in Ireland. He was born in his family's home at 312 East 18th Street, just off Second Avenue in New York City.

Blake was a schoolmate of Charles F. Murphy and James A. Foley, who both later became prominent in Tammany Hall, the dominant force and political club in New York City politics for many decades.

## Prior to politics

As a young man, Blake headed west and was a news reporter before acquiring control of the Seattle Star. After several years he sold his stake in that newspaper and returned to New York City, where he wrote political articles for the New York Herald and became the city reporter for The New York Sun.

## Political career

Blake remained in touch with Murphy, who rose to prominence in Tammany Hall, and became a district captain and then a district leader for Tammany. He then went to Columbia Law School, and graduated in 1886. After graduating, he studied law under Justice Abraham B. Tappen of New York Supreme Court. In 1889 Blake was appointed deputy clerk for the New York City Common Council, also known as the Board of Aldermen. In 1892 he became the chief clerk with a salary of $5,000, and afterward was re-elected by the aldermen annually. In 1893, Blake became member of the Tammany Society.

He resigned his chief clerk position in 1907 to run for election as a City Court judge, a post which he won and held for 20 years before retiring in 1928.

## Death

Blake died on July 31, 1929. He was survived by his wife Mary W. Blake; sons Joseph A. Blake, Francis L. Blake, Roswell P. Blake and Walter J. Blake; and daughters Laura Brown and Mary Blake. He was also survived by siblings, including James W. Blake, a part-time lyricist who was famous for the words to the 1894 song, *The Sidewalks of New York*.

## InfoBox

| Michael F. Blake | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Municipal Court Judge (New York City) | |
| **In office**
January 1, 1908  1928 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Michael F. Blake
(1858-08-01)August 1, 1858
New York, New York |
| Died | (1929-07-31)July 31, 1929
Brooklyn, New York |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Mary W. Blake |
| Children | Joseph A. Blake, Francis L. Blake, Roswell P. Blake Walter J. Blake, Laura Brown, and Mary Blake |
| Parents | * Michael Blake (father) * Elizabeth Blake (mother) |
| Relatives | James W. Blake (brother), John Blake (brother), Mary Blake (sister), three other siblings |
| Education | Columbia Law School |
|  | |


title: North Buton Regency

abstract: North Buton Regency is a regency of Indonesia's Southeast Sulawesi Province, which was separated from Buton Regency in accordance with Indonesia's Law Number 14 of 2007. The area of the regency, which covers the north part of Buton Island, is 1,923.03 km⁲. Its population was 54,736 at the 2010 Census and 66,653 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 72,757. The administrative capital of the regency is at the town of Buranga, in Bonegunu District.

text:
# North Buton Regency

**North Buton Regency** (*Kabupaten Buton Utara*) is a regency of Indonesia's Southeast Sulawesi Province, which was separated from Buton Regency in accordance with Indonesia's Law Number 14 of 2007. The area of the regency, which covers the north part of Buton Island, is 1,923.03 km2. Its population was 54,736 at the 2010 Census and 66,653 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 72,757. The administrative capital of the regency is at the town of Buranga, in Bonegunu District.

## Administration

North Buton Regency is divided into six districts (*kecamatan*), tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages in each district (totaling 78 rural *desa* and 12 urban *kelurahan*), and its post code.

| Kode
Wilayah | Name of
District
(*kecamatan*) | Area
in
km2 | Pop'n
Census
2010 | Pop'n
Census
2020 | Pop'n
Estimate
mid 2023 | Admin
centre | No.
of
villages | Post
code |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 74.10.02 | Kambowa | 303.44 | 6,224 | 7,279 | 7,859 | Kambowa | 11 (a) | 93674 |
| 74.10.03 | Bonegunu (b) | 491.44 | 7,727 | 8,819 | 9,578 | Buranga | 15 (c) | 93673 |
| 74.10.04 | Kulisusu Barat
(West Kulisusu) | 370.47 | 5,823 | 6,896 | 7,445 | Lambale | 14 | 93670 |
| 74.10.01 | Kulisusu (d) | 172.78 | 20,652 | 26,276 | 28,729 | Bangkudu | 23 (e) | 93672 |
| 74.10.05 | Kulisusu Utara (b)
(North Kulisusu) | 339.64 | 7,797 | 9,486 | 10,448 | Waode Buri | 14 | 93675 |
| 74.10.06 | Wakorumba Utara
(North Wakorumba) | 245.26 | 6,513 | 7,897 | 8,698 | Labuan | 13 (f) | 93671 |
|  | ***Totals*** | *1,923.03* | *54,736* | *66,653* | *72,757* | *Buranga* | *90* |  |

Notes: (a) includes one *kelurahan* (Kambowa). (b) includes 4 small offshore islands.
(c) including 2 *kelurahan* (Bonegunu and Buranga). (d) includes 3 small offshore islands.
(e) comprises 7 *kelurahan* (Bangkudu, Bonelipu, Lakonea, Lemo, Lipu, Sara'ea and Wandaka) and 16 *desa*.
(f) including 2 *kelurahan* (Labuan and Labuan Wolio).

Five other administrative districts (*kecamatan*) which lie geographically on the west coast of North Buton - Pasir Putih, Pasi Kolaga, Wakorumba Selatan (South Wakorumba), Batukara and Maligano - with a combined area of 400.78 km2 and a population of 25,211 in mid 2023 (22,534 at the 2020 Census), are administratively part of Muna Regency.

## Climate

Buranga, the regency seat has a tropical savanna climate (Aw) with moderate to little rainfall from July to November and heavy rainfall from December to June.

| Climate data for Buranga | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.8
(87.4) | 30.6
(87.1) | 30.9
(87.6) | 31.0
(87.8) | 30.7
(87.3) | 30.2
(86.4) | 29.7
(85.5) | 30.1
(86.2) | 30.7
(87.3) | 31.6
(88.9) | 32.1
(89.8) | 31.3
(88.3) | 30.8
(87.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 27.2
(81.0) | 27.0
(80.6) | 27.1
(80.8) | 27.3
(81.1) | 27.1
(80.8) | 26.7
(80.1) | 26.0
(78.8) | 26.0
(78.8) | 26.3
(79.3) | 27.1
(80.8) | 28.0
(82.4) | 27.6
(81.7) | 27.0
(80.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 23.7
(74.7) | 23.5
(74.3) | 23.4
(74.1) | 23.6
(74.5) | 23.5
(74.3) | 23.2
(73.8) | 22.3
(72.1) | 21.9
(71.4) | 22.0
(71.6) | 22.6
(72.7) | 23.9
(75.0) | 23.9
(75.0) | 23.1
(73.6) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 198
(7.8) | 192
(7.6) | 193
(7.6) | 279
(11.0) | 301
(11.9) | 192
(7.6) | 111
(4.4) | 34
(1.3) | 22
(0.9) | 47
(1.9) | 86
(3.4) | 152
(6.0) | 1,807
(71.4) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

4°46′48″S 122°58′53″E / 4.78000°S 122.98139°E / -4.78000; 122.98139

## InfoBox

| North Buton Regency *Kabupaten Buton Utara* | |
| --- | --- |
| Regency | |
|  | |
| Motto: *Lipu Tinadeakono Sara* | |
| Location within Southeast Sulawesi | |
| North Buton RegencyLocation in Sulawesi and IndonesiaNorth Buton RegencyNorth Buton Regency (Indonesia) | |
| Coordinates: 4°46′48″S 122°58′53″E / 4.78000°S 122.98139°E / -4.78000; 122.98139 | |
| Country | Indonesia |
| Province | Southeast Sulawesi |
| Capital | Buranga |
| Government | |
| Regent | Abu Hasan |
| Vice Regent | Romadio |
| Area | |
| Total | 1,923.03 km2 (742.49 sq mi) |
| Population (mid 2023 estimate) | |
| Total | 72,757 |
| Density | 38/km2 (98/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (ICST) |
| Area code | (+62) 403 |
| Website | butonutarakab.go.id |


title: Ostholstein-Mitte

abstract:
Ostholstein-Mitte is an Amt in the district of Ostholstein, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated north of Neustadt in Holstein. The seat of the Amt is the village Schönwalde am Bungsberg. The Amt Ostholstein-Mitte consists of the following municipalities:
  - Altenkrempe (1,121)
  - Kasseedorf (1,587)
  - Schashagen (2,502)
  - Schönwalde am Bungsberg* (2,557)
  - Sierksdorf (1,591)

text:
# Ostholstein-Mitte

**Ostholstein-Mitte** is an *Amt* ("collective municipality") in the district of Ostholstein, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated north of Neustadt in Holstein. The seat of the *Amt* is the village Schönwalde am Bungsberg.

The *Amt* Ostholstein-Mitte consists of the following municipalities (population in 2005 between brackets):

54°11′15″N 10°45′15″E / 54.18750°N 10.75417°E / 54.18750; 10.75417

## InfoBox

| Ostholstein-Mitte | |
| --- | --- |
| Amt | |
|  | |
| Map of Ostholstein highlighting Ostholstein-Mitte | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Schleswig-Holstein |
| District | Ostholstein |
| Region seat | Schönwalde am Bungsberg |
| Government | |
| Amtsvorsteher | Hans-Peter Zink |
| Area | |
| Total | 17,064 km2 (6,588 sq mi) |
| Population (2020-12-31) | |
| Total | 8,874 |
| Website | www.amt-ostholstein-mitte.de |


title: Rail Heritage WA

abstract: Rail Heritage WA is the local trading name of the Australian Railway Historical Society Inc.

text:
# Rail Heritage WA

**Rail Heritage WA** is the local trading name of the Australian Railway Historical Society (Western Australian Division) Inc.

## History

The Western Australian branch of the Australian Railway Historical Society was formed in February 1959. In the 1960s, the Western Australian Government Railways placed its collection of historical items on loan, later donating the collection in 1992. In November 1974, a museum was opened on land donated by CSBP & Farmers. While its collection is primarily rolling stock that operated in Western Australia, it does have examples from other systems.

It is the owner and manager of the Bassendean based Western Australian Rail Transport Museum. It conducts annual RailFest events (some times designated "Steamfest" if locomotives are active) at the Bassendean museum.

In the past the society conducted extensive rail tours - especially in the late 1960s in the final years of steam operation in Western Australia.

It regularly produces materials that celebrate centenaries and other anniversaries for parts of the Western Australian railway network.

It also has contracted consultants for submissions on railway heritage issues in Perth and Western Australia.

## Publications

It publishes books and pamphlets relative to Western Australian railway history. Recent publication by the organisation include:

* Higham, Geoffrey (2007) *Marble Bar to Mandurah, A History of passenger rail services in Western Australia* ISBN 978-0-9599690-9-2
* Gunzburg, Adrian (2008) *Rails in the Bush*
* Gray, Bill (2010) *Guide to the collection : The Railway Museum, Western Australia* ISBN 9780980392234

It has also published a regular magazine *The Westland* (sometimes *The Westland Express* and *The Westlander*.

Media related to Western Australian Rail Transport Museum at Wikimedia Commons


title: Queensland Blades

abstract: The Queensland Blades are a men's Australian field hockey team, representing Queensland in the Australian Hockey League. The Blades have been the most successful team to play in recent years. Their home ground is the State Hockey Centre at Colmslie in Brisbane, Queensland. They have also competed under the name Brisbane Baldes. And between the years 1993–2000, Queensland also provided a second team in the National Competition, the North Queensland Barras. The team were champions in the 2007 AHL final played in Perth, Western Australia on 1 April 2007, beating the WA Thundersticks. In 2010 the Queensland Blades defeated the New South Wales Waratahs in the AHL final to win the championship. They have since also won the 2012, 2013 and 2015 editions.

text:
# Queensland Blades

The **Queensland Blades** are a men's Australian field hockey team, representing Queensland in the Australian Hockey League.

The Blades have been the most successful team to play in recent years. Their home ground is the State Hockey Centre at Colmslie in Brisbane, Queensland.

They have also competed under the name Brisbane Baldes. And between the years 1993–2000, Queensland also provided a second team in the National Competition, the North Queensland Barras.

The team were champions in the 2007 AHL final played in Perth, Western Australia on 1 April 2007, beating the WA Thundersticks.

In 2010 the Queensland Blades defeated the New South Wales Waratahs in the AHL final to win the championship.

They have since also won the 2012, 2013 and 2015 editions.

## Season standings

| Year | Position |
| --- | --- |
| 1991 | Champions |
| 1992 | Runners-Up |
| 1993 | 3rd |
| 1995 | Runners-Up |
| 1996 | Runners-Up |
| 1997 | 5th |
| 1998 | 3rd |
| 1999 | Runners-Up |
| 2000 | 3rd |
| 2001 | 3rd |
| 2002 | Runners-Up |
| 2003 | Champions |
| 2004 | Champions |
| 2005 | Runners-Up |
| 2006 | Champions |
| 2007 | Champions |
| 2008 | Runners-Up |
| 2009 |  |
| 2010 | Champions |
| 2011 |  |
| 2012 | Champions |
| 2013 | Champions |
| 2014 | 4th |
| 2015 | Champions |
| 2016 | 6th |
| 2017 | Runners-Up |

## 2017 squad

| No | Player |
| --- | --- |
| 2 | Corey Weyer |
| 3 | Tim Howard |
| 4 | Hugh Pembroke |
| 5 | Troy Elder |
| 7 | Joel Rintala |
| 8 | Blake Wotherspoon |
| 9 | Mark Knowles |
| 10 | Robert Bell |
| 11 | Jacob Anderson |
| 12 | Shane Kenny |
| 13 | Scott Boyde |
| 15 | Cade Banditt |
| 16 | Matthew Finn |
| 19 | Matthew Swann |
| 23 | Daniel Beale |
| 24 | Dylan Wotherspoon |
| 26 | Justin Douglas |
| 28 | Matthew Pembroke |
|

## InfoBox

Queensland Blades
| Nickname(s) | *Blades* |
| --- | --- |
| League | Australian Hockey League (AHL) |
| Colors | Moroon <br>White |
| Home ground | Hockey Centre, Morningside, Queensland |
| Personnel | |
| Captain | Mark Knowles |
| Coach | Matthew Wells |


title: Jake Bequette

abstract: George Jules "Jake" Bequette III is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end and United States Army infantry officer who served in Iraq in support of Operation Inherent Resolve. He was selected in the third round with the 90th overall pick by the Patriots in the 2012 NFL draft. He played high school football at Catholic High in Little Rock, Arkansas, and college football for the University of Arkansas. Bequette was rated highly as a defensive end prospect in that year's draft. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination in the 2022 United States Senate election in Arkansas.

text:
# Jake Bequette

**George Jules** "**Jake**" **Bequette III** (born February 21, 1989) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end and United States Army infantry officer who served in Iraq in support of Operation Inherent Resolve. He was selected in the third round with the 90th overall pick by the Patriots in the 2012 NFL draft. He played high school football at Catholic High in Little Rock, Arkansas, and college football for the University of Arkansas. Bequette was rated highly as a defensive end prospect in that year's draft. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination in the 2022 United States Senate election in Arkansas.

## Early life and college

Jake Bequette was born George Jules Bequette III in Little Rock. Bequette attended Catholic High School in Little Rock. After high school, Bequette attended the University of Arkansas, where he played college football for the Arkansas Razorbacks from 2007 to 2011. During his career, he started 42 of 48 games, recording 140 tackles and 23.5 sacks. As a senior, he was a first-team All-Southeastern Conference selection.

Bequette was named the Defensive MVP of the 2012 Cotton Bowl, helping the 2011 Arkansas Razorbacks football team defeat Kansas State, 29-16, as the Razorbacks finished the 2011 season with a record of 11-2, and a No. 5 final ranking in all polls. Bequette finished the game with five tackles and three quarterback sacks. Bequette is a third-generation Razorback: his grandfather George and father Jay both played for Arkansas, as did his uncle.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6 ft 4+58 in
(1.95 m) | 274 lb
(124 kg) | 32 in
(0.81 m) | 9+14 in
(0.23 m) | 4.82 s | 1.71 s | 2.83 s | 4.07 s | 6.90 s | 34.0 in
(0.86 m) | 9 ft 5 in
(2.87 m) |
| All values from NFL Combine | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Bequette was selected in the third round by the New England Patriots in the 2012 NFL draft. He played in three games in 2012, and five games in 2013. He was released by the Patriots on August 30, 2014, as part of final roster cuts. He did not see extensive playing time during his time with the Patriots, but re-signed with the team's practice squad shortly after the 2014 cuts. Bequette received a Super Bowl ring with the Patriots in 2014.

Before the 2015 season, the Patriots switched Bequette from defensive end to tight end. Bequette was waived by the Patriots and subsequently placed on injured reserve after clearing waivers on August 28, 2015. He was released with an injury settlement on September 4, 2015, and became a free agent.

## Post-football career

In August 2017, Bequette joined the United States Army. After basic training and Officer Candidate School, he went on to become a Ranger-qualified infantry officer in the 101st Airborne Division. Bequette later served a five-month deployment in Iraq in 2019.

In January 2021, he launched The Arkansas Fund, a nonprofit dedicated to helping small businesses in Arkansas that have struggled as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. In July 2021, he announced his candidacy for U.S. Senate against Arkansas Senator John Boozman, challenging Boozman from the right in the Republican primary for the 2022 election. On May 24, 2022, Boozman ultimately won with 58% of the vote to Bequette’s 20%, easily avoiding a runoff.

## InfoBox

Jake Bequette
| Bequette at the 2011 Arkansas spring football game | |
| --- | --- |
| No. 92 | |
| Position: | Defensive end |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1989-02-21) February 21, 1989
Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) |
| Weight: | 265 lb (120 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Catholic (Little Rock) |
| College: | Arkansas |
| NFL draft: | 2012 / round: 3 / pick: 90 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Games played: 8 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Pizza (programming language)

abstract:
Pizza is an open-source superset of Java 1.4, prior to the introduction of generics for the Java programming language. In addition to its own solution for adding generics to the language, Pizza also added function pointers and algebraic types with case classes and pattern matching. In August 2001, the developers made a compiler capable of working with Java. Most Pizza applications can run in a Java environment, but certain cases will cause problems. Pizza's last version was released in January 2002. Its main developers turned their focus afterwards to the Generic Java project: another attempt to add generics to Java that was officially adopted as of
version 5 of the language. The pattern matching and other functional programming-like features have been further developed in the Scala programming language. Martin Odersky remarked, "we wanted to integrate the functional and object-oriented parts in a cleaner way than what we were able to achieve before with the Pizza language. [...] In Pizza we did a clunkier attempt, and in Scala I think we achieved a much smoother integration between the two."

text:
# Pizza (programming language)

**Pizza** is an open-source superset of Java 1.4, prior to the introduction of generics for the Java programming language. In addition to its own solution for adding generics to the language, Pizza also added function pointers and algebraic types with case classes and pattern matching.

In August 2001, the developers made a compiler capable of working with Java. Most Pizza applications can run in a Java environment, but certain cases will cause problems.

Pizza's last version was released in January 2002. Its main developers turned their focus afterwards to the Generic Java project: another attempt to add generics to Java that was officially adopted as of version 5 of the language. The pattern matching and other functional programming-like features have been further developed in the Scala programming language. Martin Odersky remarked, "we wanted to integrate the functional and object-oriented parts in a cleaner way than what we were able to achieve before with the Pizza language. \[...\] In Pizza we did a clunkier attempt, and in Scala I think we achieved a much smoother integration between the two."

## Example

```
public final class Main {
  public int main(String args[]) {
    System.out.println(
      new Lines(new DataInputStream(System.in))
        .takeWhile(nonEmpty)
        .map(fun(String s) -> int { return Integer.parseInt(s); })
        .reduceLeft(0, fun(int x, int y) -> int { return x + y; }));
        while(x == 0) { map.create.newInstance() }
  }
}

```

## InfoBox

Pizza
| Paradigm | generics, algebraic types |
| --- | --- |
| Website | pizzacompiler.sourceforge.net |
| Influenced by | |
| Java | |
| Influenced | |
| Generic Java, Scala | |


title: Wimmis Castle

abstract: Wimmis Castle is a castle in the municipality of Wimmis of the Canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.

text:
# Wimmis Castle

**Wimmis Castle** is a castle in the municipality of Wimmis of the Canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.

## History

By the 12th or 13th century the Lords of Wimmis or Strättligen built Wimmis Castle above the village. The exact relationship between the two families is unclear, but the Wimmis line became extinct in the mid-13th century and by 1260 the Freiherr von Strättligen owned Wimmis Castle and the surrounding lands. A few years later the castle and lands were incorporated into the extensive holdings of the Freiherr von Weissenburg. Over the following years, the town at the foot of the castle was attacked and burned twice by Bernese troops, in 1298 and 1334 and the castle was attacked and taken in 1334. After the war, Freiherr Johann the Elder von Weissenburg was forced to sign a treaty with Bern. The castle and surrounding bailiwick were inherited by the Freiherr von Brandis in 1368. However, in 1398 he sold a half share of the estates to the von Scharnachtal family and in 1437 sold the remaining half to them. The von Scharnachtals held the castle and bailiwick until Bern bought it back in 1449.

Under Bernese rule the castle became the center of the Niedersimmental district. During the 17th and 18th centuries the castle was expanded in several stages into its current appearance. In 1708 a fire broke out in the castle town, destroying the entire settlement around the castle. The castle town was abandoned and the current castle gardens were planted on the site. After the 1803 Act of Mediation, the castle became the center of new Niedersimmental district. In 1967 the district administration moved into a modern office building but the district court remained in the castle. In 2010 the administrative structure of the Canton of Bern changed. The court moved from Wimmis to Thun and the castle was given to the municipality.

## Construction history

The castle probably grew out of an early medieval church and fortified estate that was built on hill above Wimmis. The original castle consisted of a Bergfried, attached living quarters and a wall. After it passed to the Freiherr von Weissenburg, Rudolf III expanded the castle. He encircled it with a double curtain wall and built the detached *Letzi Spissi* wall about 1 kilometer (0.6 mile) south-west of the castle. The *Letzi Spissi* was built to help defend the entrance to the Niedersimmental.

After the castle was acquired by Bern it was converted into the residence of the Bernese Vogt. It was expanded and renovated throughout the 15th to 17th centuries. During the 15th and 16th centuries, the outer wall was rebuilt and the Vogt's residence was expanded and renovated. The original gatehouse which faced west was replaced with a long covered stairway on the south side. In 1696, Vogt Albrecht Manuel had the south residence wing built. In 1741-42 the Vogt, Franz Ludwig Steiger, built the large north-east wing. The castle was renovated and expanded in 1789-90, again in 1949-51 and finally in 1984-87.

## InfoBox

| Wimmis Castle | |
| --- | --- |
| *Schloss Wimmis* | |
| Wimmis | |
| Wimmis Castle | |
| Wimmis Castle | |
| Coordinates | 46°40′21″N 7°38′04″E / 46.67251°N 7.63448°E / 46.67251; 7.63448 |
| Type | Castle |
| Site information | |
| Owner | Municipality of Wimmis |
| Open to<br>the public | occasional tours |
| Site history | |
| Built | 12th-13th century |
| Built by | Lords of Wimmis/Strättligen |
| Materials | stone |


title: Red lizardfish

abstract: The red lizardfish (Synodus ulae) is a species of lizardfish that lives mainly in the western Pacific Ocean.

text:
# Red lizardfish

The **red lizardfish** *(**Synodus ulae**)* is a species of lizardfish that lives mainly in the western Pacific Ocean.

* Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "*Synodus ulae*". *FishBase*. April 2012 version.

## InfoBox

| Red lizard fish | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Aulopiformes |
| Family: | Synodontidae |
| Genus: | *Synodus* |
| Species: | ***S. ulae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Synodus ulae***<br>L. P. Schultz, 1953 | |
|


title: Michael Orah

abstract: Michael Yansen Orah is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays as a left back.

text:
# Michael Orah

**Michael Yansen Orah** (born July 3, 1985) is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays as a left back.

## Honours

**Mitra Kukar**

* Piala Jenderal Sudirman: 2015

**Persija Jakarta**

**Bali United**

## InfoBox

Michael Orah
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Michael Yansen Orah | | |
| Date of birth | (1985-07-03) 3 July 1985 | | |
| Place of birth | Tomohon, Indonesia | | |
| Height | 1.74 m (5 ft 9 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Left back | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2006–2007 | Persmin Minahasa | 0 | (0) |
| 2008–2009 | PSIR Rembang | 7 | (0) |
| 2009–2010 | PSKT Tomohon | 3 | (0) |
| 2010–2011 | Barito Putera | 14 | (1) |
| 2011–2012 | PSPS Pekanbaru | 19 | (2) |
| 2012–2014 | Madura Utama | 38 | (0) |
| 2015–2016 | Mitra Kukar | 18 | (1) |
| 2016–2017 | Borneo | 34 | (2) |
| 2017 | Persija Jakarta (loan) | 9 | (0) |
| 2017–2018 | Kalteng Putra | 11 | (0) |
| 2018–2019 | Persija Jakarta | 11 | (0) |
| 2019–2022 | Bali United | 22 | (0) |
| 2022 | Sulut United | 2 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 14:37, 10 September 2022 (UTC) | | | |


title: North Star Mountain (Colorado)

abstract: North Star Mountain is a 13,614-foot (4,150 m) mountain summit on the shared border of Park County and Summit County, in Colorado, United States.

text:
# North Star Mountain (Colorado)

**North Star Mountain** is a 13,614-foot (4,150 m) mountain summit on the shared border of Park County and Summit County, in Colorado, United States.

## Description

North Star Mountain is set on the Continental Divide 3.5 miles (5.6 km) west of Hoosier Pass in the Mosquito Range which is a subrange of the Rocky Mountains. It ranks as the 187th-highest peak in Colorado. The mountain is located 9 miles (14 km) south-southwest of the community of Breckenridge on land managed by Arapaho National Forest and Pike National Forest. Precipitation runoff from the mountain's south slope drains into headwaters of the Middle Fork South Platte River and the north slope drains to the Blue River via Monte Cristo Creek. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 2,000 feet (610 m) above the Platte in one mile (1.6 km) and 1,600 feet (488 m) above Monte Cristo Creek in one-half mile (0.80 km). An ascent of the peak involves hiking eight miles (13 km) with 2,400 feet (732 m) of elevation gain. The mountain's toponym has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names, and has been recorded in publications since at least 1884.

## Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification system, North Star Mountain is located in an alpine subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and cool to warm summers. Due to its altitude, it receives precipitation all year, as snow in winter, and as thunderstorms in summer, with a dry period in late spring.

## InfoBox

| North Star Mountain | |
| --- | --- |
| North aspect | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 13,614 ft (4,150 m) |
| Prominence | 414 ft (126 m) |
| Parent peak | Wheeler Mountain (13,690 ft) |
| Isolation | 0.82 mi (1.32 km) |
| Coordinates | 39°22′39″N 106°06′28″W / 39.3773990°N 106.1076986°W / 39.3773990; -106.1076986 |
| Geography | |
| North Star MountainLocation in ColoradoNorth Star MountainNorth Star Mountain (the United States) | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Colorado |
| County | Park County / Summit County |
| Parent range | Rocky Mountains<br>Mosquito Range |
| Topo map | USGS *Breckenridge* |
| Geology | |
| Age of rock | Cambrian |
| Type of rock | Limestone, Sawatch Quartzite |
| Climbing | |
| Easiest route | Hiking class 2 |


title: Eugene Lee (sports agent)

abstract: Eugene Lee is an American sports agent. With over eighteen years of experience as an NFLPA certified contract advisor, Lee has represented over fifty NFL players over the past decade.

text:
# Eugene Lee (sports agent)

**Eugene Lee** (born February 14, 1973) is an American sports agent. With over eighteen years of experience as an NFLPA certified contract advisor, Lee has represented over fifty NFL players over the past decade.

## Education

Lee earned his Bachelor of Business Administration degree, summa cum laude, in Accountancy from the University of Notre Dame and his Juris Doctor degree from Notre Dame Law School. Lee was a member of Beta Alpha Psi and Beta Gamma Sigma.

### ETL Associates, Inc.

Lee served as the founder and president of ETL Associates, Inc. ("ETL"), his first NFL player representation agency from May 2001 to April 2015.

### MBK Sports Management Group, LLC

After ETL Associates, Inc., Lee formed MBK Sports Management Group, LLC in May 2015. It is an NFL player representation agency headquartered out of New York City with offices in Cleveland and Los Angeles.

## Television and Film

### ESPN's 30 for 30 "The Dotted Line"

Lee was the NFL agent featured in Morgan Spurlock's 2011 ESPN 30 for 30 documentary about the inside world of sports agents. The documentary, titled *The Dotted Line*, revealed the behind the scenes lives of top NFL, NBA, and MLB sports agents and followed their ups and downs from recruiting and marketing top-tier clients to negotiating record breaking contracts.

### Television

Lee is a frequent guest on Fox News, Fox Business, CNN, CNBC, CBN, Bloomberg and other publications to provide insight as an industry expert on NFL player contracts, the salary cap, the collective bargaining agreement and athlete branding.

## Author and speaking engagements

In October 2015, Lee published his first book, *My Brother’s Keeper: Above and Beyond The Dotted Line with the NFL’s Most Ethical Agent.* The book focuses on several NFL players in various stages of their careers and the integrity and faith with which Lee conducts his business in an otherwise cutthroat industry.

Lee speaks at law schools nationwide, including Harvard, Fordham University, NYU and Notre Dame. He is also an adjunct assistant professor of American studies at Notre Dame.

## Philanthropy

Lee serves on the Board of Directors for the New York City chapter of Positive Coaching Alliance, a not-for-profit organization dedicated to the development and well-rounded growth of student-athletes and coaches nationwide.

## InfoBox

| Eugene Lee | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1973-02-14) February 14, 1973<br>Canton, Ohio, United States |
| Alma mater | Notre Dame |
| Occupation(s) | Sports Agent, Lawyer |
| Years active | 1998-present |
| Website | http://mbksports.com |


title: Gowerton RFC

abstract: Gowerton Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union club based in Gowerton near Swansea, Wales; officially founded in 1884. Gowerton RFC is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys. Gowerton RFC presently run a Senior XV, Seconds XV, youth XV and Junior teams from under 7's to under 16's.

text:
# Gowerton RFC

**Gowerton Rugby Football Club** is a Welsh rugby union club based in Gowerton near Swansea, Wales; officially founded in 1884. Gowerton RFC is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys.

Gowerton RFC presently run a Senior XV, Seconds XV, youth XV and Junior teams from under 7's to under 16's.

## Notable past players

*See also Category:Gowerton RFC players*

## InfoBox

Gowerton RFC
| Full name | Gowerton Rugby Football Club |
| --- | --- |
| Nickname(s) | The Starch |
| Founded | 1884 |
| Location | Gowerton, Wales |
| Ground(s) | Athletic Ground (Capacity: 3000) |
| Chairman | Stephen Howells  ```    Hon Secretary - Richard Jenkins    Assistant Secretary - Nigel Thomas     Vice Chairman - Berian Davies ``` Junior officer - Simon Davies |
| President | John Knox |
| League(s) | WRU Division one West |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Official website | |
| www.gowertonrfc.co.uk | |


title: Que Alguien Me Diga

abstract: "Que Alguien Me Diga" is a song by Puerto Rican singer Gilberto Santa Rosa from his 12th studio album, Expresión (1999). It was written by Omar Alfanno with José Lugo and the artist handling its production. It is a salsa track in which the singer is searching for unconditional love. Santa Rosa would later record a ballad version. An accompanying music video features the singer in a dark room surrounded by female musicians. Both versions of the song received airplay on Latin radio stations. Commercially, it topped the Billboard Hot Latin Songs and Tropical Airplay charts in the United States. It was nominated Song of the Year at the 2000 El Premio de la Gente as well as Tropical/Salsa Track of the Year at the 8th Annual Latin Billboard Music Awards in 2001. It was recognized as Salsa Song of the Year at the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) Latin Awards. "Que Alguien Me Diga" has been covered by Lucero and in English as "Can Someone Tell Me" by Son by Four.

text:
# Que Alguien Me Diga

"**Que Alguien Me Diga**" (Someone Tell Me) is a song by Puerto Rican singer Gilberto Santa Rosa from his 12th studio album, *Expresión* (1999). It was written by Omar Alfanno with José Lugo and the artist handling its production. It is a salsa track in which the singer is searching for unconditional love. Santa Rosa would later record a ballad version. An accompanying music video features the singer in a dark room surrounded by female musicians. Both versions of the song received airplay on Latin radio stations.

Commercially, it topped the *Billboard* Hot Latin Songs and Tropical Airplay charts in the United States. It was nominated Song of the Year at the 2000 El Premio de la Gente as well as Tropical/Salsa Track of the Year at the 8th Annual Latin *Billboard* Music Awards in 2001. It was recognized as Salsa Song of the Year at the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) Latin Awards. "Que Alguien Me Diga" has been covered by Lucero and in English as "Can Someone Tell Me" by Son by Four.

## Background and composition

In 1999, Gilberto Santa Rosa released his 12th studio album, *Expresión*, an album which the artist described as a combination of "classic salsa with a mix of modern sounds". The album was produced by José Lugo and the artist himself. Several composers contributed to the album's songwriting, including Omar Alfanno, who penned the track "Que Alguien Me Diga". Lyrically, the song deals with a man "who's searching for unconditional love". Santa Rosa would later record a ballad version of the song which was included in the reissue of the album.

## Promotion and reception

An accompanying music video was filmed and features the artist sitting in a dark room with female violinists and celloists playing. An editor for *Latin Style* magazine wrote that both "Déjate Querer" and "Que Alguien Me Diga" are "certainly on their way to becoming the favorites from this CD". Jessica Roiz listed "Que Alguien Me Diga" as one of the artist's best salsa songs. At the 8th Annual Latin *Billboard* Music Awards in 2001, "Que Alguien Me Diga" was nominated in the categories of Hot Latin Song of the Year and Tropical/Salsa Track of the Year but ultimately lost both to "A Puro Dolor" by Son by Four. It also received a nomination at the 2000 El Premio de la Gente in the category of Song of the Year but again lost to "A Puro Dolor". At the 2001 ASCAP Latin Music Awards, it was recognized as Salsa Song of the Year. Commercially, it became Santa Rosa's first number one on the *Billboard* Hot Latin Songs chart and peaked at number seven on the Latin Pop Airplay chart in the US. It also became his fourth number one on the Tropical Airplay chart and was the second best-performing Latin song in the country. *Billboard* editor John Lannert noted the song benefited from being recorded in both versions on radio stations.

The song was covered by Mexican singer Lucero as a mariachi tune on her studio album, *Un Nuevo Amor* (2002), where it was released as its lead single. It was adapted in English as "Can Someone Tell Me" by Son by Four on their studio album *Purest of Pain* (2000). The group's former lead singer Ángel López would then cover "Que Alguien Me Diga" on his studio album *Historias de Amor*, a collection of songs Alfanno had previously composed. The song, along with the rest of the album, was arranged and produced by Alfanno.

## Charts

## InfoBox

| "Que Alguien Me Diga" | |
| --- | --- |
| Song by Gilberto Santa Rosa | |
| from the album  *Expresión* | |
| Released | 1999 |
| Genre | Salsa |
| Length | 4:50 (salsa version)<br>4:09 (ballad version) |
| Label | Sony Discos |
| Songwriter(s) | Omar Alfanno |
| Producer(s) | * José Lugo * Gilberto Santa Rosa |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Que Alguien Me Diga" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Jamaica at the 1964 Summer Olympics

text:
# Jamaica at the 1964 Summer Olympics

Jamaica competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. This was the first time Jamaica had competed in the Olympics since independence in 1962. 21 competitors, 17 men and 4 women, took part in 16 events in 4 sports.

## Athletics

## Boxing

## Sailing

## Shooting

One shooter represented Jamaica in 1964.

50 m pistol

## InfoBox

| Jamaica at the<br>1964 Summer Olympics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| IOC code | JAM |
| NOC | Jamaica Olympic Association |
| Website | www.joa.org.jm |
| in Tokyo | |
| Competitors | 21 (17 men, 4 women) in 4 sports |
| Medals | Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 |
| Summer Olympics appearances (overview) | |
|  | |
| Other related appearances | |
| British West Indies (1960 S) | |


title: Plexicushion

abstract: Plexicushion is a brand of acrylic-based hardcourt tennis surface and one of the surface types used on the professional Association of Tennis Professionals and Women's Tennis Association tours. It is manufactured and sold by the sports surfaces division of California Products Corporation, a company based in Andover, Massachusetts, United States.

text:
# Plexicushion

**Plexicushion** is a brand of acrylic-based hardcourt tennis surface and one of the surface types used on the professional Association of Tennis Professionals and Women's Tennis Association tours. It is manufactured and sold by the sports surfaces division of California Products Corporation, a company based in Andover, Massachusetts, United States.

## Australian Open

On May 30, 2007, the Australian Open and Tennis Australia announced Plexicushion as the new Australian Open surface, replacing the Rebound Ace surface that had been in use since Melbourne Park was opened in 1988. The surface was installed in time for the 2008 Australian Open, and was accompanied by a change in surfaces at the lead-up tournaments to the Australian Open. The brand was used at the Australian Open from 2008 to 2019, before being replaced by GreenSet for the 2020 event.

## Indian Wells

A similar hardcourt surface, called "Plexipave", is in use at the Indian Wells Masters tournament.


title: Reedsville, West Virginia

abstract: Reedsville is a town in western Preston County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 530 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Morgantown metropolitan area.

text:
# Reedsville, West Virginia

**Reedsville** is a town in western Preston County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 530 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Morgantown metropolitan area.

## History

Reedsville was named for James Reed, who moved to the area in 1827 and owned land covering most of the future townsite. The first house in the community was built in 1855, and the town was named in 1856. Reedsville was incorporated in 1906.

## Geography

Reedsville is located at 39°30′29″N 79°48′4″W / 39.50806°N 79.80111°W / 39.50806; -79.80111 (39.508114, -79.801189).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.65 square miles (1.68 km2), all land.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1910 | 208 |  |  |
| 1920 | 254 |  | 22.1% |
| 1930 | 345 |  | 35.8% |
| 1940 | 324 |  | −6.1% |
| 1950 | 321 |  | −0.9% |
| 1960 | 398 |  | 24.0% |
| 1970 | 379 |  | −4.8% |
| 1980 | 564 |  | 48.8% |
| 1990 | 482 |  | −14.5% |
| 2000 | 517 |  | 7.3% |
| 2010 | 593 |  | 14.7% |
| 2020 | 530 |  | −10.6% |
| 2021 (est.) | 562 |  | 6.0% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 593 people, 256 households, and 160 families living in the town. The population density was 912.3 inhabitants per square mile (352.2/km2). There were 281 housing units at an average density of 432.3 per square mile (166.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.5% White, 0.5% African American, and 1.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.2% of the population.

There were 256 households, of which 30.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.7% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.5% were non-families. 27.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.83.

The median age in the town was 35.8 years. 21.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.8% were from 25 to 44; 27.1% were from 45 to 64; and 10.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 49.7% male and 50.3% female.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 517 people, 205 households, and 152 families living in the town. The population density was 798.6 inhabitants per square mile (307.1/km2). There were 230 housing units at an average density of 355.3 per square mile (136.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 100.00% White. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.39% of the population.

There were 205 households, out of which 35.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.1% were married couples living together, 14.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.4% were non-families. 20.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.0% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $32,273, and the median income for a family was $34,219. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $19,688 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,332. About 15.7% of families and 14.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.3% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.

## Notable person

## InfoBox

| Reedsville, West Virginia | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Col. Thomas Brown House | |
|  | |
| Location of Reedsville in Preston County, West Virginia. | |
| Coordinates: 39°30′29″N 79°48′4″W / 39.50806°N 79.80111°W / 39.50806; -79.80111 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | West Virginia |
| County | Preston |
| Settled | 1855 |
| Incorporated | 1906 |
| Named for | James Reed |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.65 sq mi (1.68 km2) |
| Land | 0.65 sq mi (1.68 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,818 ft (554 m) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 530 |
| Estimate (2021) | 562 |
| Density | 930.66/sq mi (359.33/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 26547 |
| Area code | 304 |
| FIPS code | 54-67636 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1545487 |


title: William Vobach

abstract: William Herman Vobach was an American politician from the state of Indiana. A Republican, he served in the Indiana State Senate from 1983 to 1990. He was a lawyer.

text:
# William Vobach

**William Herman Vobach** (December 25, 1929 – May 31, 2020) was an American politician from the state of Indiana. A Republican, he served in the Indiana State Senate from 1983 to 1990. He was a lawyer.

## InfoBox

| William Vobach | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Indiana Senate
from the 31st district | |
| **In office**
November 3, 1982  November 7, 1990 | |
| Preceded by | Dan Burton |
| Succeeded by | James W. Merritt |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1929-12-25)December 25, 1929
Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Died | June 16, 2020(2020-06-16) (aged 90)
Centennial, Colorado, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Isabella |
| Children | 3 |
| Residence(s) | Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S. |
| Alma mater | Oberlin College (BA)
University of Michigan (JD) |
| Occupation | lawyer |
|  | |


title: Red locust

abstract: The red locust is a large grasshopper species found in sub-Saharan Africa. Its name refers to the colour of its hind wings. It is sometimes called the criquet nomade in French, due to its nomadic movements in the dry season. When it forms swarms, it is described as a locust. Nomadacris septemfasciata is in the family Acrididae and is the only member of the genus Nomadacris. The genus Nomadacris was erected in 1923 by Boris Uvarov and the species was named originally as Acridium septemfasciatum by Jean Guillaume Audinet-Serville in 1838. It is placed in the subfamily Cyrtacanthacridinae, the bird locusts. Other species previously placed in Nomadacris are now considered part of the genus Patanga.

text:
# Red locust

The **red locust** (*Nomadacris septemfasciata*) is a large grasshopper species found in sub-Saharan Africa. Its name refers to the colour of its hind wings. It is sometimes called the *criquet nomade* in French, due to its nomadic movements in the dry season. When it forms swarms, it is described as a locust.

*Nomadacris septemfasciata* is in the family Acrididae and is the only member of the genus *Nomadacris*. The genus *Nomadacris* was erected in 1923 by Boris Uvarov and the species was named originally as *Acridium septemfasciatum* by Jean Guillaume Audinet-Serville in 1838. It is placed in the subfamily Cyrtacanthacridinae, the bird locusts. Other species previously placed in *Nomadacris* are now considered part of the genus *Patanga*.

## Description

### Adults

The overall colour of adult insects is a mixture of light beige and brown. They have seven brown transverse bands on the elytra, justifying the species name *septemfasciata*. The pronotum has two brown lateral bands.

Males are 60–70 mm (2.4–2.8 in) long; females are 60–85 mm (2.4–3.3 in) long.

### Nymphs

Unlike adults, the colour of immature insects varies depending on their phase. When solitary, they can be green or brown; when in large numbers (gregarious), they are bright yellow and red-brown with black markings.

## Ecology

Red locusts actively seek out moist environments such as seasonal floodplains. Grains are their primary food source, so grassy lowlands are prime habitat. They also like spending time in trees and thus prefer some tree cover.

Red locusts are sedentary when ample shelter, perches, and food are available. In dry years, when the amount of suitable habitat is reduced, population densities increase. If the population density increases past a threshold, the locusts transform into their gregarious phase, changing their behaviour and anatomy. When gregarious, red locusts keep together in large swarms and fly with the wind in daylight hours, looking for more food. The higher temperatures during daylight enable gregarious locusts to travel longer distances by flying longer and higher, aided by thermal lift. A swarm rarely moves more than 20–30 km in a day. In contrast, solitary locusts prefer to fly in the dark and do so alone.

Compared to their solitary phase, gregarious red locusts also have:

* reduced lifespan
* more markings
* six instar stages rather than seven
* longer sexual maturation
* larger and heavier young, although they lay fewer eggs

Swarming females often lay eggs at night. Their young immediately behave gregariously and are capable of "hopping" hundreds of metres every day.

## Outbreaks

Outbreak areas have been identified in Zambia, Tanzania, Malawi, Madagascar, and Réunion. In the Sahel, the species is observed on a more incidental basis in Cape Verde, the central Niger River delta in Mali, and around Lake Chad. Large swarms attacked the KwaZulu-Natal region which contributed to creating conditions which favoured the 1890s African rinderpest outbreak. The last widespread plague occurred from 1930 to 1944, when almost all of southern Africa was invaded.

After unsuccessful efforts to control the locusts through environmental modifications, chemical agents are currently being used. A biological product based on an entomopathogenic fungus, *Metarhizium acridum*, is now available (see desert locust). It has been successfully tested on both nymphs and adults of the red locust. However, over recent years, a new mechanism to control pests was created. The Integrated pest management (IPM) is a combination of environmentally friendly methods that together can be used effectively as a pest management strategy.

* "Les criquets ravageurs". CIRAD - French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development. Retrieved 2008-11-06.

## InfoBox

| Red locust | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Orthoptera |
| Suborder: | Caelifera |
| Family: | Acrididae |
| Subfamily: | Cyrtacanthacridinae |
| Tribe: | Cyrtacanthacridini |
| Genus: | *Nomadacris*
Uvarov, 1923 |
| Species: | ***N. septemfasciata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Nomadacris septemfasciata***
(Audinet-Serville, 1883) | |
|
|  | |
| outbreak areas  invasion areas  isolated high concentrations | |


title: Michael Oppenheim

abstract: Michael Morris Oppenheim was the pioneer historian of English naval administration.

text:
# Michael Oppenheim

**Michael Morris Oppenheim** (26 June 1853, in Hoxton, London – 27 April 1927, in Rome, Italy) was the pioneer historian of English naval administration.

## Early life and education

In 1874, Oppenheim entered University College Hospital Medical School. After completing his medical training in 1878, he spent a year at Middlesex Hospital and then completed his examination as a member of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1879.

## Medical career

Going to sea as a ship's surgeon, Oppenheim first sailed with the Royal Mail Line. His name regularly appeared in medical directories as a surgeon with that shipping company until 1888, although he served in the P&O Line's *Assam* in 1882–1883.

## Career as an independent historian

On inheriting some money, Oppenheim left the medical profession and became a self-supporting independent historical researcher. His first results were published in *The English Historical Review* in several articles that appeared in 1891–1894 and in 1896. These articles became the basis for his first major work, *A History of the Administration of the Royal Navy ... to 1660* (1896).

While writing these first articles, Oppenheim became one of the founding members of the Navy Records Society in 1893. He edited two important volumes for the Society, *The Naval Accounts of ... Henry VII* and the *Naval Tracts of Sir William Monson*. After completing these volumes, he went on to edit and annotate a new edition of Sir Arthur Help's *Spanish Conquest of America*, originally published in 1855–1861.

As a result of these achievements, H. Arthur Doubleday, invited Oppenheim to contribute chapters on maritime history to the *Victoria County History of England*, publishing chapters in *Cornwall vol I* (1906), *Dorset* vol. II, *Essex* vol.II (1907), *Suffolk* vol. II (1907), and *Sussex* vol. II (1907).

When a reviewer criticized his contribution to the Sussex volume, Oppenheim wanted to resign, but the new series editor, William Page, persuaded him to continue with contributions to *Somerset* vol. II (1911), and to *Kent* vol. II, which was eventually published in 1926. He wrote another for *Devon*, but this did not appear in the series and was not published until 1968.

Angered and embarrassed by criticism of his work, he cancelled his plan to write a second volume on naval administration up to 1714 and gave away his 10,000 volume personal library to the Public Library of Bath, Somerset in 1919. Writing nothing more, he spent the remainder of his life abroad and died in Rome, Italy.

## Published works

* *A history of the administration of the Royal Navy and of merchant shipping in relation to the Navy from 1509 to 1660 with an introduction treating of the preceding period*. London: John Lane. The Bodley Head, 1896; Aldershot: Temple Smith, 1988.
* *Naval accounts and inventories of the reign of Henry VII, 1485–8 and 1495–7*, edited by M. Oppenheim. Publications of the Navy Records Society, vol 8. \[London\]: Printed for the Navy Records Society, 1896.
* *The Spanish conquest in America: and its relation to the history of slavery and to the government of colonies*, by Sir Arthur Helps. A new edition, edited, with an introduction, maps, and notes by M. Oppenheim. Four volumes. London; New York: John Lane, 1900–04.
* *The Naval tracts of Sir William Monson in six books*, edited with a commentary drawn from the State papers and other original sources by M. Oppenheim. Publications of the Navy Records Society, vols. 22, 23, 43, 45, 47. \[London\]: Printed for the Navy Records Society, 1902–1914.
* *The maritime history of Devon* by M. M. Oppenheim; with an introduction by W. E. Minchinton. Exeter: University of Exeter, 1968.

## Sources

* Kenneth R. Andrews, "Introduction" to M. Oppenheim, *A History of the Administration of the Royal Navy and of Merchant Shipping in Relation to the Navy from 1509 to 1660, with an introduction to the Preceding Period*. London: Temple Smith, 1988.
* Walter E. Minchinton, "Introduction" to Oppenheim, *The Maritime History of Devon*. Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 1968.
* "Oppenheim. Michael Morris (1853–1927)" in *International Encyclopedia of Naval Warfare* ABC-Clio,


title: North Star School District

abstract: The North Star School District in Boswell, Somerset County, Pennsylvania in the United States was formed in 1969 with the merger of predecessors Jenner-Boswell and Forbes school districts. The district includes the boroughs of Boswell, Stoystown, Jennerstown, and Hooversville and the townships Jenner and Quemahoning in Somerset County, Pennsylvania. The name North Star is taken from U.S. Route 219, the North Star Way, which runs through the district. That name for the highway has since fallen out of favor. The district encompasses approximately 102 square miles. According to 2000 federal census data, it serves a resident population of 9,519.

text:
# North Star School District

**The North Star School District** in Boswell, Somerset County, Pennsylvania in the United States was formed in 1969 with the merger of predecessors Jenner-Boswell and Forbes school districts. The district includes the boroughs of Boswell, Stoystown, Jennerstown, and Hooversville and the townships Jenner and Quemahoning in Somerset County, Pennsylvania. The name North Star is taken from U.S. Route 219, the North Star Way, which runs through the district. That name for the highway has since fallen out of favor. The district encompasses approximately 102 square miles. According to 2000 federal census data, it serves a resident population of 9,519.

## Schools

* North Star High School \- Grades 9-12
* **North Star Middle School** \- Grades 5-8
* **North Star Elementary School** \- Grades K-4

## Notable alumni

## InfoBox

| North Star School District | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Somerset County, Pennsylvania United States | |
| District information | |
| Type | Public |
| Established | 1969 |
| Students and staff | |
| District mascot | Cougars |
| Colors | Forest Green and White |
| Other information | |
| Website | http://district.nscougars.com |


title: Othello (Toui Hasumi manga)

abstract: Othello is a manga by Toui Hasumi. It was licensed in English by Digital Manga Publishing and published on 27 June 2007.

text:
# Othello (Toui Hasumi manga)

***Othello*** is a manga by Toui Hasumi. It was licensed in English by Digital Manga Publishing and published on 27 June 2007.

## Reception

Julie Rosato enjoyed the plotting of the title work in the anthology. Leroy Dessaroux enjoyed the "beautiful art featuring distinctive figure drawing" of the anthology.

## InfoBox

| Othello | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Yaoi |
| Manga | |
| Written by | Toui Hasumi |
| Published by | Outou Shobou |
| English publisher |  |
| Published | October 10, 2002 |


title: Gowganda

abstract: Gowganda is a Dispersed Rural Community and unincorporated place in geographic Nicol Township, Timiskaming District, in northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is at the outlet of the Montreal River from Lake Gowganda, and is on Ontario Highway 560.

text:
# Gowganda

**Gowganda** is a Dispersed Rural Community and unincorporated place in geographic Nicol Township, Timiskaming District, in northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is at the outlet of the Montreal River from Lake Gowganda, and is on Ontario Highway 560.

## InfoBox

| Gowganda | |
| --- | --- |
| Dispersed Rural Community | |
| Lookout Point Lodge, seen from Gowganda Lake at Gowganda | |
| GowgandaLocation in Ontario | |
| Coordinates: 47°38′57″N 80°46′13″W / 47.64917°N 80.77028°W / 47.64917; -80.77028 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Ontario |
| District | Timiskaming |
| Census subdivision | Unorganized West Timiskaming District |
| Elevation | 356 m (1,168 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern Time Zone) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (Eastern Time Zone) |
| Postal Code | P0J 1J0 |
| Area codes | 705, 249 |


title: Go-Hard

abstract: Go-Hard is a live album released on November 12, 1996 by the Washington, D.C.-based go-go band Junk Yard Band. The album consists of eleven tracks, including the songs "Tiddy Balls", "JY on the Rise", and "Go-Hard".

text:
# Go-Hard

***Go-Hard*** is a live album released on November 12, 1996 by the Washington, D.C.-based go-go band Junk Yard Band. The album consists of eleven tracks, including the songs "Tiddy Balls", "JY on the Rise", and "Go-Hard".

## Track listing

1. "Junk's Gettin' Down" – 6:00
2. "JY Funk"/"Crank That, Pt. 1" – 11:38
3. "Redrum" – 4:22
4. "This is the Year (Go-Hard)" – 8:34
5. "Here Come the Freaks" – 8:42
6. "Uuuh-Eee-Uhhh"/"Hootie Hootie" (The Rippa Medley, Pt. 2) – 4:02
7. "JY on the Rise (Wink & Dog)" (featuring Dre Dog) – 4:52
8. "Uh-Oh!" (It's Demi-Doc and Baker) – 5:24
9. "Tiddy Balls" – 6:48
10. "(Caught on Tape in the Studio)" – 2:39
11. "Tiddy Balls" / "Lights Out, Lets Play..." – 7:01

## InfoBox

| Go-Hard | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Junk Yard Band | |
| Released | November 12, 1996 |
| Genre | Go-go |
| Length | 69:26 |
| Label |  |
| Producer | Moe Shorter |
| Junk Yard Band chronology | |
| *Reunion*
(1996) ***Go-Hard***
(1996) *The Beginning/The End*
(1999) | |


title: ATM burglaries using explosives

abstract: The idea of an ATM blow up is to destroy the automated teller machine, in order to get the money that is inside it. It is also called ATM burglary using explosives. Such burglaries have also been done with other vending machines, such as those selling tickets, cigarettes or other goods. In some cases, the machines are destroyed to get the goods that are inside the machine. Blowing up a machine is a crime.

text:
# ATM burglaries using explosives

The idea of an **ATM blow up** is to destroy the automated teller machine, in order to get the money that is inside it. It is also called **ATM burglary using explosives**. Such burglaries have also been done with other vending machines, such as those selling tickets, cigarettes or other goods. In some cases, the machines are destroyed to get the goods that are inside the machine.

Blowing up a machine is a crime.

## Mode of operation

Very often, a flammable substance is led to the machine. Common substances are air with propane gas or acetylene. A device is then used to detonate the mixture remotely. These devices are often self-built, improvised explosive devices. In other cases, true explosives or pyrotechnics are used.

Such attacks began in the Netherlands. As the country reduced the number of ATMs from 20000 to 5000 by 2015 and discouraged cash use because of the crimes, the mostly Moroccan-Dutch gangs expert in the attacks moved elsewhere such as Germany, where cash is especially popular. Both professional criminals, and amateurs blow up devices. They operate alone, or in small groups or gangs. Usually, they operate at night, when there are few customers. Most detonations occur in the early morning hours.

Despite German banks spending more than €300 million on additional security, the Federal Criminal Police Office estimated that as of 2024 60% of attacks on ATMs in the country succeeded. When they blow up the machine, the perpetrators are not always successful, and often they don't get to the money inside the machine. The Federal Criminal Police Office reported that in 2017, that only in 48% of the cases, the perpetrators were able to get some money. In most cases, the damage done is more than the money stolen. In some cases, the damage is more than a million euros. There can also be a lot of damage to the surrounding area. The explosions cause damage to buildings, in some cases, uninvolved people are hurt.

When a group of people blew up a ticket vending machine in Wittighausen, Baden-Württemberg, on 17 September 2013, one of the peretrators was killed. On December 10, 2016, there was a lot of damage to the bank, and the doctor's office opposite the bank, in Hagen. Another detonation of a ticket vending machine, in Dortmund, on March 21, 2017, killed the peretrator. In Ottersberg, Lower Saxony, an apartment block had to be evacuated after a detontion of an ATM in April 2017, for fear that the building would collapse. A detonation in Espelkamp, on March 15, 2018, put the whole branch office of the bank on fire. On March 31, 2018, a mixed-use apartment block was heavily damaged, when there was an attempt at blowing up an ATM. Because of such attacks landlords reluctant to lease space to banks with ATMs, especially when there are residences in the same building.

In 2020, about 40% of the detonations were done using explosives.

## Countermeasures

There are countermeasures: These include cartouches with specially colored ink, which will mark the bank notes, if an attempted blow up is detected. While ink is the most common ATM attack-prevention system worldwide, a disadvantage is that it newer glue systems make the cash unusable. There are also systems to monitor, and neutralize gas that is pumped into the ATM, and finally, the chamber containing the money has a strong protection, which will survive a detonation. Other measures include closing ATMs that are accessible from outside. Because more potent explosives are used more often, there are setups that use up to 15 cm of reinforced concrete on free-standing ATMs. These constructions weight up to 10 tonnes, and conventional explosives show no effect on them. Criminals have adjusted their methods in response. When anti-gas explosion prevention devices and reinforced ATMs were installed, thieves began using leaf blowers to remove smoke, and more powerful solid explosives.

1. Matussek, Karin (9 August 2024). "Germany Is Europe's Prime Target for Audacious ATM Bombings". Bloomberg. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
2. "Automatensprenger erneut wegen versuchten Mordes verurteilt". 4 August 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2018.
3. "Automatensprengung: Über sechs Jahre Haft für Bandenmitglied". 12 July 2017. Retrieved 26 June 2018.
4. "Dortmund: Mutmaßlicher Täter stirbt bei Automaten-Sprengung". 21 March 2017. Retrieved 26 June 2018.
5. "Automatensprengung: Täter entfachen Brand in Espelkamper Bank". 16 March 2018. Retrieved 26 June 2018.
6. "Geldautomat gesprengt - Haus zerstört". Retrieved 26 June 2018.
7. "Raubstopptinten". *Bundeskriminalamt*. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
8. "Automatensprengungen: Die Täter kommen am frühen Morgen". 4 May 2018. Retrieved 26 June 2018.
9. "Bank fürchtet Automatensprengung". 11 April 2018. Retrieved 26 June 2018.


title: Pocasset River (Massachusetts)

abstract: The Pocasset River is a small tidal river and estuary on the eastern shore of Buzzards Bay, in Bourne, Massachusetts, United States. It is located between the villages of Monument Beach and Pocasset along the western coast of Cape Cod. The river flows westward through a series of small ponds and wetlands, with a total length of about 2 miles (3.2 km). The river's Mill and Shop Ponds were historically used by the Pocasset Iron Foundry (1822–81) and Tahanto Art Works (1882–1900), which made use of the native bog iron. In 1980 the Pocasset River was listed as an Area of Critical Environmental Concern by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Alewife spawn during April and May, and the river contains bluefish, flounder, scup, striped bass, blue crab, lobster,softshell clams,and huge 14' sharks.

text:
# Pocasset River (Massachusetts)

The **Pocasset River** is a small tidal river and estuary on the eastern shore of Buzzards Bay, in Bourne, Massachusetts, United States. It is located between the villages of Monument Beach and Pocasset along the western coast of Cape Cod. The river flows westward through a series of small ponds and wetlands, with a total length of about 2 miles (3.2 km).

The river's Mill and Shop Ponds were historically used by the Pocasset Iron Foundry (1822–81) and Tahanto Art Works (1882–1900), which made use of the native bog iron. In 1980 the Pocasset River was listed as an Area of Critical Environmental Concern by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

Alewife spawn during April and May, and the river contains bluefish, flounder, scup, striped bass, blue crab, lobster,softshell clams,and huge 14' sharks.

41°41′58.90″N 70°37′25.57″W / 41.6996944°N 70.6237694°W / 41.6996944; -70.6237694


title: Reef lobster

abstract: Reef lobsters, Enoplometopus, are a genus of small lobsters that live on reefs in the Indo-Pacific, Caribbean and warmer parts of the Atlantic Ocean.

text:
# Reef lobster

**Reef lobsters**, ***Enoplometopus***, are a genus of small lobsters that live on reefs in the Indo-Pacific, Caribbean and warmer parts of the Atlantic Ocean.

## Description

Species of *Enoplometopus* occur from coral reefs at depths of less than 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) to rocky reefs at depths of 300 m (980 ft). They are brightly coloured, with stripes, rings, or spots. They are typically mainly red, orange, purplish and white. Reef lobsters are small (depending on species, up to 10–13 centimetres or 4–5 inches), nocturnal (spending the day in caves or crevices), and very timid. The species can be distinguished by their colouration and morphology.

As a result of their bright colours, they are popular in the aquarium trade, and unregulated collection combined with destruction of coral reefs may threaten some species. Due to uncertainty over the impact of these potential threats, the majority are considered data deficient by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

Reef lobsters are distinguished from clawed lobsters (family Nephropidae) by having full chelae (*claws*) only on the first pair of pereiopods, the second and third pairs being only subchelate (where the last segment of the appendage can press against a short projection from the penultimate one). Clawed lobsters have full claws on the first three pereiopods. Males, unlike those of nephropoid lobsters, have an extra lobe on the second pleopod, which is assumed to have some function in reproduction. Reef lobsters have a shallow cervical groove while clawed lobsters have a deep cervical groove.

Although there is no fossil record of reef lobsters, there is some evidence that they may be related to the extinct genus *Eryma* which lived from the Permo-Triassic to the late Cretaceous.

## Species

The genus contains the following species:

## InfoBox

| Reef lobsters
Temporal range: Middle Permian \- present | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Enoplometopus antillensis* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Malacostraca |
| Order: | Decapoda |
| Suborder: | Pleocyemata |
| Infraorder: | Astacidea |
| Superfamily: | Enoplometopoidea
De Saint Laurent, 1988 |
| Family: | Enoplometopidae
De Saint Laurent, 1988 |
| Genus: | *Enoplometopus*
A. Milne Edwards, 1862 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Enoplometopus pictus*
A. Milne Edwards, 1862 | |
| Synonyms | |
| *Hoplometopus* Holthuis, 1983 | |


title: Willie Kelsay

abstract: William Lloyd Kelsay was one of the top jockeys in American Thoroughbred racing during the 1920s who was widely respected for his ability to handle two-year-old horses during their first year of racing.

text:
# Willie Kelsay

**William Lloyd Kelsay** (October 20, 1892 – April 26, 1952) was one of the top jockeys in American Thoroughbred racing during the 1920s who was widely respected for his ability to handle two-year-old horses during their first year of racing.

## Racing career highlights

In 1917 Kelsay won the inaugural running of the Coffroth Handicap in Tijuana, a race run in February that became a major event for horsemen on the West Coast of the United States. The race would attract such star runners as Australia's superhorse Phar Lap and the popular future U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductees Seabiscuit and Round Table.

Riding for the stable of Walter Salmon, in 1920 Kelsay was aboard the filly Careful in nine of her starts and won all of them. Included in those nine starts were stakes race wins in the Aberdeen, Clover, Colorado, Pimlico Nursery, Schuylerville and the Spring Juvenile Stakes en route to her earning American Co-Champion Two-Year-Old Filly honors.

In 1921, former jockey turned trainer Willie Knapp put Kelsay on the future Hall of Fame gelding Exterminator to win the Autumn Stakes at the Old Woodbine Race Course in Toronto, Canada.

Competing at Havana's Oriental Park Racetrack in 1922, Willie Kelsay had wins in two premier events that regularly drew some of the top American stables. On February 12 he rode the Goldapple Stables' colt Billy Barton to victory in the Cuban Grand National Handicap for trainer Frank Bray. Then, on March 27 Kelsay won the Cuban Derby aboard Thomas Monahan's colt Rebuke, again for trainer Frank Bray.

Willie Kelsay suffered a broken kneecap on March 2, 1926 while competing at Tijuana for the stable owned by Gifford Cochran. His injury did not heal and he returned to the East Coast where in June he underwent surgery at Roosevelt Hospital in Midtown Manhattan. By the end of October he was back to riding and winning.

Among Kelsay's other significant wins, in 1928 and 1929 he rode the winner of the Empire City Derby and in 1930 won the Carter, Fleetwing and Manhattan Handicaps, plus the Hopeful Stakes, all of which were for Gifford Cochran's stable under future Hall of Fame trainer, Henry McDaniel.

In 1929 Willie Kelsay played a significant role in the development of Gifford Cochran's two-year-old colt Flying Heels, winning the Nursery Handicap, Pimlico Futurity, and Remsen Handicap. The following year, Kelsay was part of another success story with a two-year-old horse when he rode the undefeated Vander Pool to win the 1930 editions of the Youthful, Bowie Kindergarten and Aberdeen Stakes, the latter a race he had earlier won with Careful.

Willie Kelsay was retired and living in Miami Beach, Florida when he died at age 59 on April 26, 1952.

## InfoBox

| Willie Kelsay | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1892-10-20)October 20, 1892
Antelope, Oregon,
United States |
| Died | April 26, 1952(1952-04-26) (aged 59)
Miami Beach, Florida
United States |
| Resting place | Woodlawn Park North,
Miami, Florida |
| Major racing wins | |
| Coffroth Handicap (1917)
Latonia Independence Handicap (1917)
Latonia Autumn Inaugural Handicap (1917)
Excelsior Stakes (1918, 1931)
Laurel Handicap (1918)
Schuylerville Stakes (1919, 1920)
Aberdeen Stakes (1920, 1930)
Clover Stakes (1920)
Colorado Stakes (1920)
Pimlico Nursery Stakes (1920)
Spring Juvenile Stakes (1920)
Autumn Stakes (1921)
Paumonok Handicap (1921)
Saratoga Cup (1921)
Merchants and Citizens Handicap
(1921, 1924)
Cuban Derby (1922)
Cuban Grand National Handicap (1922)
Breeders' Futurity Stakes 1923)
Delaware Handicap (1924, 1930)
Fashion Stakes (1927)
Highland Stakes (1927)
Bowie Handicap (1928)
Champagne Stakes (1928)
Dwyer Stakes (1928)
Empire City Derby (1928, 1929)
Scarsdale Handicap (1928, 1931)
Demoiselle Stakes (1929)
Pimlico Futurity (1929)
Nursery Handicap (1929)
Remsen Stakes (1929)
Tijuana Futurity (1929)
Westchhester Handicap (1929)
Carter Handicap (1930)
Hopeful Stakes (1930)
Fleetwing Handicap (1930)
Manhattan Handicap (1930)
Youthful Stakes (1930, 1931)
Montana Handicap (1932) | |
| Significant horses | |
| Bateau, Billy Barton, Careful, Cudgel, Exterminator, George Smith, Milkmaid, Spinaway, Vander Pool | |


title: Red Skin Eclipse

abstract: Red Skin Eclipse is the second full-length album by British industrial/alternative band Terminal Power Company. Released by Beggars Banquet Records, the album was recorded in November and December 1992 at Rich Bitch Studios and was produced and mixed by Justin Broadrick. Also involved were producer Adrian Sherwood who mixed the track "Juggernaut" and Paul Kendall who mixed part of the song "Blanket Drill Doll".

text:
# Red Skin Eclipse

**Red Skin Eclipse** is the second full-length album by British industrial/alternative band Terminal Power Company. Released by Beggars Banquet Records, the album was recorded in November and December 1992 at Rich Bitch Studios and was produced and mixed by Justin Broadrick. Also involved were producer Adrian Sherwood who mixed the track "Juggernaut" and Paul Kendall who mixed part of the song "Blanket Drill Doll".

## Track listing

1. "Juggernaut" - 4:01
2. "Red Skin" - 3:42
3. "Splinterpsyche" - 3:27
4. "The Sprawl" - 7:23
5. "Painkiller" - 3:43
6. "Mouth Like a Scar" - 3:57
7. "A.G.G.R.O." - 4:38
8. "White Light" - 4:00
9. "Blanket Drill Doll" - 12:26

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Red Skin Eclipse | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Terminal Power Company | |
| Released | 1993 |
| Recorded | November–December 1992
Rich Bitch Studio's |
| Genre | Cyberpunk
Alternative rock
Industrial music |
| Length | 47:20 |
| Label | Beggars Banquet |
| Producer | Justin Broadrick |
| Terminal Power Company chronology | |
| *Run Silent, Run Deep*
(1992) ***Red Skin Eclipse***
(1993) *Cyclops*
(1995) | |


title: Michael Punke

abstract: Michael W. Punke is an American author, attorney, academic, and policy analyst. He is a former Deputy United States Trade Representative and U.S. Ambassador to the World Trade Organization in Geneva, Switzerland. In 2017, he became vice president for public policy at Amazon Web Services. As an author, Punke is best known for writing The Revenant: A Novel of Revenge (2002), which was adapted into film as The Revenant (2015), directed by Alejandro González Iñárritu, with a screenplay by Iñárritu and Mark L. Smith, and starring Leonardo DiCaprio and Tom Hardy.

text:
# Michael Punke

**Michael W. Punke** (born December 7, 1964) is an American author, attorney, academic, and policy analyst. He is a former Deputy United States Trade Representative and U.S. Ambassador to the World Trade Organization in Geneva, Switzerland. In 2017, he became vice president for public policy at Amazon Web Services.

As an author, Punke is best known for writing *The Revenant: A Novel of Revenge* (2002), which was adapted into film as *The Revenant* (2015), directed by Alejandro González Iñárritu, with a screenplay by Iñárritu and Mark L. Smith, and starring Leonardo DiCaprio and Tom Hardy.

## Early life and education

Punke was born and raised in Torrington, Wyoming, the son of Marilyn and Butch Punke, a high school biology teacher. He has a younger brother, Tim, and a sister, Amy. They engaged in various outdoor activities in the wilderness like fishing, hunting, hiking, shooting, and mountain biking. When he was a teenager, he also spent at least three summers working at the Fort Laramie National Historic Site as a "living history interpreter." He was also a debate team champion in high school, which he graduated early from to attend the University of Massachusetts Amherst, later transferring to George Washington University, where he graduated with a degree in International Affairs from the Elliott School of International Affairs. He later attended and received his Juris Doctor degree from Cornell Law School, where he focused on trade law, and was elected to become editor-in-chief of the *Cornell International Law Journal*.

## Career

Upon graduation from Cornell Law in the 90s, Punke worked as a government staffer for Senator Max Baucus (D-Montana), who was later ambassador to China. Specifically, from 1991–92, Punke served as international trade counsel to Baucus, who was also then chairman of the Senate Finance Committee's International Trade Subcommittee. Punke also met his wife Traci while working for Baucus. During 1993–95, Punke then served at the White House as director for international economic affairs and was jointly appointed to the National Economic Council and the National Security Council.

### Work at the Office of the United States Trade Representative

In 1995–96, Punke became a Senior Policy Advisor at the Office of the United States Trade Representative (the USTR), where he advised them on issues ranging from intellectual property (IP) law to trade to agricultural law. Punke has also worked on international trade issues from the private sector, including as a partner at the Washington, D.C., office of Mayer, Brown, Rowe, & Maw. From 2003 to 2009, Punke consulted on public policy issues out of Missoula, Montana.

In 2009, President Barack Obama selected Punke to serve as the Deputy United States Trade Representative and U.S. Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in Geneva, Switzerland. Obama's selection of Punke for this position was also confirmed by the U.S. Senate in 2011.

### Private sector work

Punke has been a partner at the law firm of Mayer Brown, resident in the Washington, D.C. office and working on various matters involving international trade law. In the years of 2003 to 2009, Punke served as a consultant on various public policy matters and was also based in Missoula, Montana. In February 2017, Punke joined Amazon Web Services as Vice President for Global Public Policy.

## Writing

### *The Revenant: A Novel of Revenge*

Punke is the author of *The Revenant: A Novel of Revenge*, which was published by Carroll & Graf in 2002. He came up with the idea to write the novel while on an airplane, after reading a couple of lines in a history book about real-life frontier fur trapper Hugh Glass. Punke was also working at the law firm of Mayer Brown at the time when he started the book (1997), so he would go to the office as early as 5:00 AM before anyone else got there to write pages for roughly three hours, and then do his job for eight to ten hours. The book took a total of four years to complete and according to his brother Tim, Punke actually caught pneumonia at least four times during the writing process. Punke also performed extensive research on Glass, which included setting up and testing real hunting traps. The book was published in 2002 to little fanfare, although Punke was able to sell movie rights to it. Once he discovered the novel, Director Alejandro G. Iñárritu fought for it to be made into a movie, where other directors such as Park Chan-Wook and producers such as Megan Ellison were also attached.

After Punke relocated with his wife Traci and their two children to Missoula, Montana, where he worked part-time as a policy consultant and an adjunct professor at the University of Montana, he finished two screenplays as well as two non-fiction books, one about the fight to save the Buffalo*Last Stand* (2007) – and the other about a mining disaster that occurred in North Butte, Montana*Fire and Brimstone: The North Butte Mining Disaster of 1917* (2013).

During his time as ambassador to the WTO, Punke was permitted to receive royalties from sales of his books, though he was prohibited from promoting them in any way, due to ethics policies preventing federal officials from self-enrichment. As his tenure coincided with the 2015 release of the film adaptation of *The Revenant*, he did not attend any public or promotional events related to the film. Instead, family members represented and spoke for him during that time.

### *Fire and Brimstone: The North Butte Mining Disaster of 1917*

In 2006, Punke published a non-fiction book, via Hachette Books, that covered a mining disaster that occurred in North Butte, Montana during 1917. The book was a finalist for the Mountains and Plains Booksellers Award. A reprint edition was also published in 2007. The book has received favorable reviews from Publishers Weekly, Booklist, Kirkus Reviews and other sources.

### *Last Stand*

HarperCollins published Punke's non-fiction book about saving the Buffalo*Last Stand* – in 2007. The subtitle of the book is "George Bird Grinnell, the Battle to Save the Buffalo, and the Birth of the New West."

### Other writing work

Punke wrote the introduction to a contemporary reprint of Mari Sandoz's 1954 book, *The Buffalo Hunters: The Story of the Hide Men*. He was the historical correspondent for *Montana Quarterly* magazine.

## Television

Punke appeared in the 2023 Ken Burns documentary *The American Buffalo*.

## Bibliography

### Fiction

### Non-fiction

* *Fire and Brimstone: The North Butte Mining Disaster of 1917* (2006), ISBN 1401308899
* *Last Stand* (2007)

## InfoBox

| Michael Punke | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| United States Ambassador to the World Trade Organization | |
| **In office**
April 2010  January 20, 2017 | |
| President | Barack Obama |
| Preceded by | Peter Allgeier |
| Succeeded by | Dennis Shea |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1964-12-07) December 7, 1964
Torrington, Wyoming, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Traci Punke |
| Children | 2 |
| Education | University of Massachusetts, Amherst
George Washington University (BA)
Cornell University (JD) |
| Occupation | * Author * attorney * civil servant |
| **Writing career** | |
| Period | 2002–present |
| Genre | Western |
| Notable work | *The Revenant: A Novel of Revenge* |
|  | |
|  | |


title: North Dakota Highway 46

abstract: North Dakota Highway 46 is a 121-mile-long (195 km) road in eastern North Dakota, crossing the Red River Valley between Streeter and Oxbow. It parallels and runs about 20 miles (32 km) south of Interstate 94 (I-94). I-29 borders it on the east and ND 30 borders it on the west.

text:
# North Dakota Highway 46

**North Dakota Highway 46** (**ND 46**) is a 121-mile-long (195 km) road in eastern North Dakota, crossing the Red River Valley between Streeter and Oxbow. It parallels and runs about 20 miles (32 km) south of Interstate 94 (I-94). I-29 borders it on the east and ND 30 borders it on the west.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| LoganStutsman
county line |  | 0.000 | 0.000 | ND 30 Streeter, Lehr, Napoleon | Western terminus |
| | Gackle | 9.806 | 15.781 |
ND 56 south Fredonia | Northern terminus of ND 56 |
| LaMoureStutsman
county line |  | 30.656 | 49.336 | US 281 Jamestown, Edgeley |  |
| LaMoureBarnes
county line |  | 60.486 | 97.343 | ND 1 I-94, Oakes, Verona |  |
| RansomBarnes
county line |  | 73.444 | 118.197 |
ND 32 north Nome | Western end of ND 32 overlap |
| RansomBarnes
Cass county tripoint |  | 79.935 | 128.643 |
ND 32 south Lisbon | Eastern end of ND 32 overlap |
| RichlandCass
county line | Leonard | 100.766 | 162.167 |
ND 18 north Leonard | Western end of ND 18 overlap |
| |  | 105.705 | 170.116 |
ND 18 south Wyndmere | Eastern end of ND 18 overlap |
| |  | 120.318 | 193.633 | I-29 / US 81 Fargo, Sioux Falls | I-29 exit 48 |
| |  | 120.823 | 194.446 | CR 81 Wahpeton | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/North Dakota Highway 46KML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| North Dakota Highway 46 | |
| --- | --- |
| ND 46 highlighted in red | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by NDDOT | |
| Length | 120.823 mi (194.446 km) |
| Existed | 1939–present |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | ND 30 near Streeter |
| Major intersections |  |
| East end | CR 81 near Oxbow |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | North Dakota |
| Counties | Stutsman, Barnes, Cass |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
| * **North Dakota State Highway System** | |
| ND 45   ND 47 | |