title: Norwalk Harbor

abstract:
Norwalk Harbor is a recreational and commercial harbor and seaport
at the estuary of the Norwalk River where it flows into Long Island Sound
in Norwalk, Connecticut, United States. The last portion of the Norwalk River from the head of navigation near Wall Street in Central Norwalk to the Long Island Sound
forms Norwalk Harbor. It is a federal navigation channel of the "recreational and small commercial harbor" variety. In and around the harbor there are 15 marinas, 13 private clubs with boating facilities, and 5 commercial port facilities. There are more than 1800 berthing spaces and more than 500 harbor mooring locations.
About 800 boats may be launched from storage racks at marinas and clubs
as well as via the city maintained launching ramp in Veterans Park.
More than 2700 commercial vessel trips to and from the harbor occur each year.
The main harbor channel is small enough to restrict the size of
vessels that could attempt to use it. In 2001 waterborne commerce in the harbor totaled 512,000 short tons (464,000 t). Typical freight included fuel oil, sand, gravel, stone, and shellfish.

text:
# Norwalk Harbor

**Norwalk Harbor** is a recreational and commercial harbor and seaport at the estuary of the Norwalk River where it flows into Long Island Sound in Norwalk, Connecticut, United States.

The last portion of the Norwalk River from the head of navigation near Wall Street in Central Norwalk to the Long Island Sound forms Norwalk Harbor. It is a federal navigation channel of the "recreational and small commercial harbor" variety.

In and around the harbor there are 15 marinas, 13 private clubs with boating facilities, and 5 commercial port facilities. There are more than 1800 berthing spaces and more than 500 harbor mooring locations. About 800 boats may be launched from storage racks at marinas and clubs as well as via the city maintained launching ramp in Veterans Park. More than 2700 commercial vessel trips to and from the harbor occur each year. The main harbor channel is small enough to restrict the size of vessels that could attempt to use it. In 2001 waterborne commerce in the harbor totaled 512,000 short tons (464,000 t). Typical freight included fuel oil, sand, gravel, stone, and shellfish (particularly oysters and lobsters).

## Description

From the sound the main approach to the harbor lies to the southwest of Rowayton and Sheffield Island. The wider and deeper southwest approach is also known as "Sheffield Harbor", whereas the narrower and shallower eastern approach is known as "Cockenoe Harbor. There is a 4.7-mile (7.6 km)-long channel extending from the outer harbor to the head of the harbor in Norwalk. The channel is 12 feet (3.7 m) deep and 200 feet (61 m) wide from the outer harbor to Gregory Point in East Norwalk, where it narrows to 150 feet (46 m) wide up to the wharves at South Norwalk. The channel then widens to 250 feet (76 m) along the wharves to the Washington Street (Stroffolino) Bridge. Upstream of the Washington street bridge the inner harbor lies along 1.5 miles (2.4 km) of the river. The channel of the inner harbor is 10 feet (3.0 m) deep and between 100–200 feet (30–61 m) wide until it terminates at the head of the harbor at the Wall Street bridge in central Norwalk. There is an anchorage area 10 feet (3.0 m) deep and 17 acres (6.9 ha) in area on the east side of the channel in the vicinity of Fitch Point in East Norwalk. There is also a 0.6-mile (0.97 km)-long, six-foot-deep channel, 125–150 feet (38–46 m) wide, extending northeast from the 10-foot (3.0 m) anchorage opposite Fitch Point to the head of the harbor at East Norwalk. Another six-foot-deep anchorage area lies adjacent to the head of the harbor at East Norwalk.

### List of inner harbor crossings

From the head of navigation at Wall Street traveling out to the outer harbor there are:

There are no bridges across the outer harbor or the approach channels.

## History

In 1614 Dutch navigator Adriaen Block explored the Connecticut coast aboard the *Onrust* and mapped the Norwalk Islands which lie at the outer boundary of the harbor. He referred to the group of islands as the "Archipelago".

As an aid to navigation at the harbor channel entrance the Sheffield Island Light was operational by 1826 (on what was called "Smith Island" at the time). In 1872 the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers started its first work on harbor improvements in Norwalk. On January 21, 1897, the United States Congress agreed to spend $73,100.00 on aids to navigation in Norwalk Harbor including lights and fog signals. As a result of the expenditure Greens Ledge Light was operational by 1902 and Pecks Ledge Light was operational by 1906. The Sheffield Island light was discontinued as a federally maintained aid to navigation when the Greens Ledge Light was activated.

The Ischoda Yacht Club was founded in 1886 along the western shore of Norwalk Harbor in South Norwalk and is among America's oldest Yacht Clubs. The Norwalk Yacht Club was formed in August 1894 in Wilson's Cove.

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dredged the harbor in 1950.

In October 1955 a great flood washed down the Norwalk River and destroyed many of the buildings adjacent to the riverbanks. Today's Freese Park along Main Avenue was a built up commercial block before October 1955. The flood left a wake of destruction in the harbor that took a long time to recover from.

The Connecticut Turnpike was built over the river in 1956-1958. The salt marsh just south of the Yankee Doodle bridge on the river's west bank was turned into a garbage dump, but has since been closed, capped, and turned into "Oyster Shell Park" (not to be confused with the native Siwanoy shell middens across the river on the east bank near "Oyster bend").

The Norwalk Harbor Commission was established in 1984 by the Norwalk City Council. The commission is responsible for maintaining a Harbor Management plan that includes maintaining the safe navigation in the harbor, policies for the harbor master, the promotion of the harbor, and the maintenance of the Visitors dock at Veterans Park.

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers finished harbor re-dredging projects in 1980 and again in 2006. There will be a new dredging project for the inner and river portions of the harbor.

In the spring of 2007 the Marine Unit of the Norwalk Police department launched a new 38-foot (12 m) police boat the *Riva*. On July 10, 2007 the Norwalk Fire Department commissioned its first fireboat the *Harry Bower* named to honor a fire fighter who died in 2005. In the fall of 2007 the harbor was visited by the *Seafair* a 228-foot (69 m) motor yacht. The visit of the *Seafair* was accompanied by private viewings of objects in the vessel's art galleries.

A utility project in the fall of 2007 replaced an electric power transmission line that runs from Connecticut to Long Island. Seven fluid-filled cables originally laid in 1969 were replaced with three new solid dielectric cables. The existing cables are joined at the oil-fired electric generating substation on Manresa Island in Norwalk Harbor. From there, they cross under Norwalk Harbor and Long Island Sound to connect at the Long Island Power Authority’s substation in the village of Northport, New York. The three new 11-mile (18 km) long cables were buried at least one fathom (2 m) below the Sound’s bottom.

The *Skyline Princess*, a 120-foot (37 m) motor yacht out of New York, makes port of call stops at Veterans Park.

## Geology

The harbor is a "drowned river valley" flooded as the sea rose at the end of the last ice age. Bedrock under the harbor and in the Harborview and Calf Pasture Beach area is interlayered Ordovician trap falls gneisses and Harrison Gneiss with dark minerals hornblende, biotite and garnet. The bedrock has two folds in the harbor area. The earlier, more southerly one was formed at the same time as the Taconic Mountains. That fault runs from Bell Island through Manresa Island to Sprite Island. The second (created during the Acadian mountain-building event of 485440 million years ago) runs along a line north from Noroton Point on Sheffield Island Harbor toward Exit 15 on Interstate 95.

### Notes and references

## InfoBox

| Norwalk Harbor | |
| --- | --- |
| Click on the map for a fullscreen view | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| Location | Norwalk, Connecticut |
| Coordinates | 41°05′24″N 73°24′21″W / 41.0900968°N 73.4059520°W / 41.0900968; -73.4059520 |
| Details | |
| Type of harbour | recreational and small commercial |
| No. of berths | 1800 berths, 500+ moorings (small craft) |
| No. of wharfs | 5 |
| Harbor master | Michael Griffin |
| Statistics | |
| Annual cargo tonnage | 512,000 short tons (in 2001) |
| **Website**<br>https://www.norwalkct.org/HarborComm/index.htm | |


title: Notiokasis

abstract: Notiokasis is a genus of ground beetles in the family Carabidae. This genus has a single species, Notiokasis chaudoiri.

text:
# Notiokasis

***Notiokasis*** is a genus of ground beetles in the family Carabidae. This genus has a single species, *Notiokasis chaudoiri*.

## InfoBox

| *Notiokasis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Tribe: | Notiokasiini |
| Genus: | *Notiokasis*
Kavanaugh & Nègre, 1983 |
| Species: | ***N. chaudoiri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Notiokasis chaudoiri***
Kavanaugh & Nègre, 1983 | |
|


title: Notiomaso

abstract: Notiomaso is a genus of South American dwarf spiders that was first described by Nathan Banks in 1914.

text:
# Notiomaso

***Notiomaso*** is a genus of South American dwarf spiders that was first described by Nathan Banks in 1914.

## Species

As of May 2019 it contains nine species, found in Argentina and Chile:

## InfoBox

| *Notiomaso* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Linyphiidae |
| Genus: | *Notiomaso*
Banks, 1914 |
|
| Type species | |
| *N. australis*
Banks, 1914 | |
| Species | |
| 9, see text | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Beauchenia* Usher, 1983 * *Micromaso* Tambs-Lyche, 1954 * *Microsphalma* Millidge, 1991 * *Perimaso* Tambs-Lyche, 1954 | |


title: Novaya Teklya

abstract: Novaya Teklya is a village in the Jalilabad Rayon of Azerbaijan.

text:
# Novaya Teklya

39°22′N 48°37′E / 39.367°N 48.617°E / 39.367; 48.617

**Novaya Teklya** is a village in the Jalilabad Rayon of Azerbaijan.

## InfoBox

| Novaya Teklya | |
| --- | --- |
| Novaya Teklya | |
| Coordinates: 39°22′N 48°37′E / 39.367°N 48.617°E / 39.367; 48.617 | |
| Country | Azerbaijan |
| Rayon | Jalilabad |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (AZT) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+5 (AZT) |


title: Nujorki Sungoh

abstract: Nujorki Sungoh is an Indian politician. He was 1st elected to the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly from 4 Mowkaiaw assembly Constituency in the 2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election and he was reelected for second time in the 2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly Election as a member of the United Democratic Party.

text:
# Nujorki Sungoh

**Nujorki Sungoh** is an Indian politician. He was 1st elected to the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly from 4 Mowkaiaw assembly Constituency in the 2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election and he was reelected for second time in the 2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly Election as a member of the United Democratic Party.

## InfoBox

| Nujorki Sungoh | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of Meghalaya Legislative Assembly | |
| **In office**<br>2018–incumbent | |
| Preceded by | Robinus Syngkon |
| Constituency | Mowkaiaw |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Nujorki Sungoh |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Political party | United Democratic Party |
| Parent | * Mihsalan Suchiang (father) |
| Residence(s) | Mukhap, West Jaintia Hills district, Meghalaya |
|  | |


title: Nuk

abstract: Nuk or NUK may refer to:

text:
# Nuk

**Nuk** or **NUK** may refer to:

## Places

* Nuk, Bajestan, a village in Bajestan County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran
* Nuk, Rashtkhvar, a village in Rashtkhvar County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran
* Nuk, Birjand, a village in South Khorasan Province, Iran
* Nuk, Sarbisheh, a village in South Khorasan Province, Iran
* Nuk, Tabas, a village in South Khorasan Province, Iran

## People

* nickname of DeAndre Hopkins (born 1992), American National Football League player
* Nuk Korako (born 1953/1954), New Zealand politician

## Other uses


title: Nur Sultan (wife of Mengli I Giray)

abstract: Nur Sultan (1451–1519) was the wife of Mengli I Giray. She was one of very few women known to have had influence over the affairs of state in the Crimean Khanate. She is also one of few well known women of the Giray dynasty.

text:
# Nur Sultan (wife of Mengli I Giray)

**Nur Sultan** (1451–1519) was the wife of Mengli I Giray (r. 1467–1515). She was one of very few women known to have had influence over the affairs of state in the Crimean Khanate. She is also one of few well known women of the Giray dynasty.

## Life

She was the daughter of Prince Timur ibn Mansur, bey of the Manghits. She was the sister of Tevkel.

She first married khan Xälil of Kazan (r. 1466-67). After his death, she married his brother Ibrahim of Kazan (r. 1467-1479). By Ibrahim she had two sons, Möxämmädämin of Kazan and Ghabdellatif of Kazan, and a daughter, Gawharshat. She supported the neutrality policy of her spouse against the more aggressive policy of her stepson Ilham Ghali. She was widowed when Ibrahim Khan died in 1479. Her spouse was succeeded by her stepson Ilham Ghali of Kazan. She left Kazan with her two sons and sought refuge with Ivan III of Moscow. Her brother Tevkel entered Crimean service in 1483.

In 1487, she married Mengli I Giray. The marriage was possibly made to give the Crimean khan an influential power base in the power struggle in post- Golden Horde Central Asia. She left for Bakhchisarai on the Crimea in the company of her youngest son Ghabdellatif, but left her eldest son in the custody Ivan of Moscow. She became one of the wives of Mengli I Giray. The women of the Giray dynasty, though an Islamic dynasty, did not yet live secluded in a harem, since until 1564 the royal women were still allowed to receive male visitors in audience. Nur Sultan herself never lived in seclusion.

Nur Sultan was highly politically involved from the start. She wished to support her son's right to the throne of Kazan in the power struggle against their halfbrother, her stepson. She wrote to Ivan III of Moscow and asked him to intervene in Kazan politics to defend the rights of her son, which gave Ivan III a reason to interfere in Kazan politics. Ivan III joined Mengli I Giray and launched a campaign on Kazan, which resulted in Muhammed Amin being placed on the throne of Kazan. However, the power struggle in Kazan continued, and Nur Sultan became a long term supporter of the alliance between Moscow and the Crimean Khanate on order to protect the interest of her son in Kazan.

In 1494-1495 she made a pilgrimage to Mecca with her brother, as well as Egypt. On her return, she gifted an Arab horse to her diplomatic ally Ivan III, who in return promised her that Kazan would always remain the property of her family.

In 1510–1511, Nur Sultan visited her sons in Moscow and Kazan in the company of her stepson Sahib I Giray. During her journey she signed a peace treaty between Crimean Khanate, Moscow and the Kazan Khanate.

Nur Sultan issued *yarliqs* (privileges, grants, orders and appointments, and messages addressed by the khans to their vassals) in her own name despite being a woman and not the reigning khan.

In 1515, her spouse died, and was succeeded by his son Mehmed I Giray.

She was one of few examples of the Giray harem who ever had any influence over the affairs of state, alongside Ayse Sultan, wife of Devlet I Giray (r. 1551–1577) and Emine Sultan Biyim, wife of Mehmed IV Giray (1642–44 and 1654–66), have been historically acknowledged as politically influential.

## Issue

By Ibrahim of Kazan, She had two sons and a daughter:

1. *Law and Division of Power in the Crimean Khanate (1532-1774): With Special*
2. Ilya V. Zaytsev, *The Structure of the Giray Dynasty (15th-16th centuries): Matrimonial and Kinship Relations of the Crimean Khans* in Elena Vladimirovna Boĭkova, R. B. Rybakov (ed.), *Kinship in the Altaic World: Proceedings of the 48th Permanent International Altaistic Conference*, Moscow 10–15 July 2005, p.341-2
3. *Kinship in the Altaic World: Proceedings of the 48th Permanent International*
4. *Central Eurasian Reader*
5. Królikowska-Jedlińska, Natalia (2018). *Law and Division of Power in the Crimean Khanate (1532-1774): With Special Reference to the Reign of Murad Giray (1678-1683)*. Brill. ISBN 9789004384323.
6. *Russia's Steppe Frontier: The Making of a Colonial Empire, 1500-1800*
7. *The Crimean Khanate and Poland-Lithuania: International Diplomacy on the*

## InfoBox

| Nur Sultan | |
| --- | --- |
| *Khanbikeh of Crimean Khanate* | |
| Nur Sultan visiting Moscow, miniature from the Illustrated Chronicle of Ivan the Terrible | |
| Reign | 1487–1515 |
| Born | *Nogai Nur bint Nogai Timur*
1451 |
| Died | 1519(1519-00-00) (aged 67–68) |
| Spouse | Xälil of Kazan  (m. 1466; died 1467)
Ibrahim of Kazan  (m. 1467; died 1479)
Menli I Giray  (m. 1487; died 1515) |
| Issue | **by Ibrahim**
Möxämmädämin of Kazan
Ghabdellatif of Kazan
Gawharshat of Kazan |
| House | Nogai (birth)
Kazan (marriage I and II)
Giray (marriage III) |
| Father | Nogai Timur Ibn Mansur |
| Religion | Islam |


title: Nusach Ari

abstract: Nusach Ari means, in a general sense, any prayer rite following the usages of Rabbi Isaac Luria, the AriZal, in the 16th century.

text:
# Nusach Ari

***Nusach Ari*** means, in a general sense, any prayer rite following the usages of Rabbi Isaac Luria, the *AriZal*, in the 16th century.

## History of the Siddur

The Ari and his immediate disciples did not themselves publish any prayer book, though they established a number of characteristic usages intended to be used as additions to the existing Sephardic rite. After Rabbi Isaac Luria's passing in 1572, there were various attempts, mostly by Sephardic rabbis and communities, to publish a prayer book containing the form of prayer that he used: an example is the Siddur of Rabbi Shalom Sharabi. Many of these remain in use in Sephardic communities: for more details, see **Sephardic Judaism**.

It was generally held—even by Luria, the AriZal, himself—that every Jew is bound to observe the mitzvot (commandments of Judaism) by following the customs appropriate to his or her family origin: see Minhag. Originally, Luria taught that twelve gates of prayer exist, one for each of the 12 tribes of Israel, hence twelve nusachs for Jewish prayer ("nusachot ha-tefillah") emanated accordingly. In alteration of this concept, especially in 18th/19th-century Hassidism the claim emerged that a superior Nusach Sefard would reach a believed "thirteenth gate" (*Shaar ha-Kollel*) in Heaven.

Prayer books containing some version of the Sephardic rite, as varied by the usages of the Ari, were in use in some Kabbalistic circles in the Ashkenazic world in preference to the traditional Ashkenazic rite. In particular, they became popular among the early Hasidim. These prayer books were often found to be inconsistent with the *AriZal's* version, and served more as a teaching of the *kavanot* (meditations) and proper ways to pray rather than as an actual prayer book.

### Alter Rebbe's edition

In the 18th century, Rabbi Schneur Zalman decided to undertake the task of compiling a prayer book which amalgamated Kabbalistic-Hasidic teachings (including his own) with what he considered to be the most correct version of the Lurianic Sephardic rite. The difference can be seen when comparing Sephardi prayer books containing Lurianic usages with Hasidic versions. The Alter Rebbe, as Schneur Zalman is commonly known, is said to have researched approximately sixty different versions of siddurim so as to come to the most correct version of the liturgical text. In 1803 the Alter Rebbe had the siddur published, and it was released in two volumes to the public. The new siddur was reprinted three times within the first ten years. While much of Schneur Zalman's siddur is based on the Nusach Ari as composed by the AriZal himself, it is also compiled based on rulings and compositions from various other sources. The Alter Rebbe acknowledged this by entitling his work "Al Pi Nusach Ari", meaning "according to the version of the Ari". It differs from the other versions of the AriZal's siddur by incorporating some features of the Ashkenazic rite. It also contains some meditations from the Siddur of Shalom Sharabi, but very much condensed compared with the original.

Schneur Zalman's Siddur is used today by Chabad Hasidim (Lubavitch), and the current edition is called *Siddur Tehillat Hashem*.

### Other versions

Many of the other siddurim that are based on the AriZal's siddur are categorized under the title of Nusach Sefard, and are used by sects of Hasidic Judaism.

Almost naturally *Nusach Sefard*, with its variant Nusach Ari, became predominant among the various sects of Hasidic Judaism. For this reason, a number of non-Hasidic rabbis (see *Mitnagdim*) disapprove of the adoption of these different rather recent 18th/19th-century devised customs by Ashkenazi Jews.

## Siddurim Adapted from the *AriZal's* Siddur

* *Siddur Ha-AriZal by Rabbi Asher Margaliot of Brod*
* *Siddur Tefillah Yesharah* (Siddur Radvil, later published with commentary Keter Nehorah, Berditchev)
* *Siddur Tehillat HaShem* by Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi
* *Siddur Torah Or* (Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi's original edition)
* *Siddur Tefillot Mikol Hashanah*
* *Siddur Od Yosef Hai* (Baghdadi rite)


title: Notre-Dame-d'Elle

abstract: Notre-Dame-d'Elle is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Saint-Jean-d'Elle.

text:
# Notre-Dame-d'Elle

**Notre-Dame-d'Elle** (French pronunciation: \[nɔtʁə dam dɛl\]) is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Saint-Jean-d'Elle.

## InfoBox

| Notre-Dame-d'Elle | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of Saint-Jean-d'Elle | |
|  | |
| Location of Notre-Dame-d'Elle | |
| Notre-Dame-d'ElleNotre-Dame-d'Elle | |
| Coordinates: 49°06′42″N 0°57′31″W / 49.1117°N 0.9586°W / 49.1117; -0.9586 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Normandy |
| Department | Manche |
| Arrondissement | Saint-Lô |
| Canton | Pont-Hébert |
| Commune | Saint-Jean-d'Elle |
| Area**1** | 2.85 km2 (1.10 sq mi) |
| Population (2019) | 179 |
| Density | 63/km2 (160/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 50810 |
| Elevation | 114–195 m (374–640 ft)
(avg. 150 m or 490 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Notre-Dame-d'Estrées

abstract: Notre-Dame-d'Estrées is a former commune in the department of Calvados in the Normandy region in northwestern France. In January 2015 it merged with the commune of Corbon to the new commune Notre-Dame-d'Estrées-Corbon.

text:
# Notre-Dame-d'Estrées

**Notre-Dame-d'Estrées** is a former commune in the department of Calvados in the Normandy region in northwestern France. In January 2015 it merged with the commune of Corbon to the new commune Notre-Dame-d'Estrées-Corbon.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 229 |  |
| 1968 | 222 | −3.1% |
| 1975 | 171 | −23.0% |
| 1982 | 157 | −8.2% |
| 1990 | 133 | −15.3% |
| 1999 | 128 | −3.8% |
| 2008 | 151 | +18.0% |

## InfoBox

| Notre-Dame-d'Estrées | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of Notre-Dame-d'Estrées-Corbon | |
| The church | |
| Location of Notre-Dame-d'Estrées | |
| Notre-Dame-d'EstréesNotre-Dame-d'Estrées | |
| Coordinates: 49°08′50″N 0°00′28″W / 49.1472°N 0.0078°W / 49.1472; -0.0078 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Normandy |
| Department | Calvados |
| Arrondissement | Lisieux |
| Canton | Mézidon Vallée d'Auge |
| Commune | Notre-Dame-d'Estrées-Corbon |
| Area**1** | 7.43 km2 (2.87 sq mi) |
| Population (2019) | 136 |
| Density | 18/km2 (47/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 14340 |
| Elevation | 5–110 m (16–361 ft)
(avg. 40 m or 130 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Notre-Dame-d'Allençon

abstract: Notre-Dame-d'Allençon is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Terranjou.

text:
# Notre-Dame-d'Allençon

**Notre-Dame-d'Allençon** (French pronunciation: \[nɔtʁ dam dalɑ̃sɔ̃\] ) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Terranjou.

## InfoBox

| Notre-Dame-d'Allençon | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of Terranjou | |
| Location of Notre-Dame-d'Allençon | |
| Notre-Dame-d'AllençonNotre-Dame-d'Allençon | |
| Coordinates: 47°18′11″N 0°26′55″W / 47.3031°N 0.4486°W / 47.3031; -0.4486 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Pays de la Loire |
| Department | Maine-et-Loire |
| Arrondissement | Angers |
| Canton | Chemillé-Melay |
| Commune | Terranjou |
| Area**1** | 13.63 km2 (5.26 sq mi) |
| Population (2019) | 727 |
| Density | 53/km2 (140/sq mi) |
| Demonym(s) | Allençonnais, Allençonnaise |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 49380 |
| Elevation | 43–94 m (141–308 ft)
(avg. 63 m or 207 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Numedia (Naio Ssaion album)

abstract: Numedia is the debut album of the Slovenian band Naio Ssaion. The album was released in April 2004 by CPZ Publishing and peaked at number fourteen on the Slovenian album chart.

text:
# Numedia (Naio Ssaion album)

***Numedia*** is the debut album of the Slovenian band Naio Ssaion. The album was released in April 2004 by CPZ Publishing and peaked at number fourteen on the Slovenian album chart.

## Track listing

1. N.Ss
2. Bla Bla
3. Ailu
4. Ran
5. Sms
6. Gen X
7. Zaika
8. Libero
9. Bordo
10. Homo Sapiens

## InfoBox

| Numedia | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Naio Ssaion | |
| Released | 13 April 2004 |
| Genre | Nu metal, Alternative metal |
| Naio Ssaion chronology | |
| ***Numedia*** *Out Loud* | |


title: Néstor Javier Ayala

abstract: Néstor Javier Ayala Ayala is a Colombian paracyclist, who came third in the men's road race T1–2 event at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. He has also won medals at the 2013, 2015 and 2018 UCI Para-cycling Road World Championships, and multiple medals at the Parapan American Games.

text:
# Néstor Javier Ayala

**Néstor Javier Ayala Ayala** is a Colombian paracyclist, who came third in the men's road race T1–2 event at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. He has also won medals at the 2013, 2015 and 2018 UCI Para-cycling Road World Championships, and multiple medals at the Parapan American Games.

## Personal life

Ayala is from Bogotá, Colombia. He studied Physical Education at the University of Santo Tomas.

## Career

Ayala started cycling in 2007. He competes in T2 classification events, for athletes with cerebral palsy. He won gold medals at the 2011 and 2015 Parapan American Games, and a silver medal at the 2019 Parapan American Games.

At the 2013 UCI Para-cycling Road World Championships, Ayala came third in both the road race and time trial T2 events. In May 2014, he won a Paralympic World Cup event in Italy. At the 2015 World Championships, Ayala came second in the 28km road race.

Ayala came third in the men's road race T1–2 event at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. He also came seventh in the time trial T1–2 event at the Games. At the 2017 UCI Para-cycling Road World Championships, Ayala finished fourth in the time trial T2 event, a fraction of a second behind Stephen Hills, who finished third. At the 2018 World Championships, Ayala finished third in the road race T2 event. He competed at the 2019 World Championships, but did not win a medal. That year, he also came fourth in a World Cup road race event in Italy. At the 2020 Colombian National Championships, Ayala won the road race event, and finished second in the time trial.

## Honours

Ayala won the *Acord Bogotá-IDRD* award in 2013 and 2014.

## InfoBox

Néstor Javier Ayala
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Néstor Javier Ayala Ayala |
| Born | Bogotá, Colombia |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Para cycling |
| Disability class | T2 |
| Achievements and titles | |
| Paralympic finals | 2016 |
| World finals | 2013, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019 |
| Regional finals | 2011, 2015, 2019 |
| National finals | 2020 |
| Medal record      Representing  Colombia  Paralympic Games  2016 Rio de Janeiro Road race T1–2  UCI Para-cycling Road World Championships  2013 Baie-Comeau Road race T2  2013 Baie-Comeau Time trial T2  2015 Nottwil Road race T2  2018 Maniago Road race T2 | |


title: Nyack Library

abstract: The Nyack Library is a free association library located in the village of Nyack in New York State. Established in 1879, The Nyack Library serves the residents of Nyack, Upper Nyack, South Nyack, Grand View, and Valley Cottage. In 1890, the library was incorporated and on June 5, 1894, it was entered under the New York State Board of Regents, by which means it received state aid.

text:
# Nyack Library

41°05′20″N 73°55′06″W / 41.088764°N 73.918459°W / 41.088764; -73.918459

The **Nyack Library** is a free association library located in the village of Nyack in New York State. Established in 1879, The Nyack Library serves the residents of Nyack, Upper Nyack, South Nyack, Grand View, and Valley Cottage. In 1890, the library was incorporated and on June 5, 1894, it was entered under the New York State Board of Regents, by which means it received state aid.

## Origin & history

In March 1901 the Trustees of the Nyack Library decided to petition Andrew Carnegie for funds for a library building. On December 21, 1901, Andrew Carnegie offered to give $15,000 for the erection of a library building in Nyack, if the village provided a suitable site and pledged by resolution to support the library with no less than $1,500 a year. On January 6, 1902, trustees of the library appeared before the Nyack village board to ask for an increase in funding by $187.50; the village had already been funding the library with $750 a year from 1894 - 1902. The new total was 937.50 annually. Carnegie offered to donate 15,000 for a building on the condition that the Nyack community raise not less than 1,500 annually.

## Construction and costs

The cornerstone for the new building was laid on May 21, 1903. The public reception for the opening of the new building was held on January 16, 1904. The total cost of the library was $15,597, almost $600 more than the gift of Andrew Carnegie. The cost of the furniture for the building was $950. The architects were the Emery Brothers and Mr. J. B. Simonson. The mason contractor was John M. Rooney. The carpentry was done by E.H. DeBaun. Plumbing and gas fitting was done by A.L. Henry. Painting and decorating was done by Hill and Hubbell. The library expanded in 1973, 1993, and 2010. The grand opening of the renovated Carnegie building and the new wing was on May 7, 2011.

## Staff union drive

In June 2017, 80% of Nyack Library staff signed a petition indicating their desire for union representation with the Nyack Library Staff Association/NYSUT-NEA/AFT. In response the Library administration retained the services of Jackson Lewis, a management-side law firm which specializes in "union prevention" services. On July 17, 2017, dozens of Library staff and more than 75 residents from the community crowded into the monthly meeting of the Library's board of trustees to urge board members to respect the employees' decision to organize and to manifest that respect by terminating Jackson Lewis as their legal counsel. A union vote, overseen by the National Labor Relations Board, was held on June 24, 2017. Nyack Library staff, community residents, and other supporters including a contingent from the New City Library Association gathered that evening to watch the Labor Board count the votes. The results were 33 in favor of unionization, 7 opposed with 3 ballots "challenged" by the Library and ultimately never counted because they were not determinative.


title: Numidotheriidae

abstract: Numidotheriidae is an extinct family of primitive proboscideans that lived from the late Paleocene to the early Oligocene periods of North Africa. Fragmentary fossils of the early Eocene genera, Daouitherium and Phosphatherium, have been found in the Ouled Abdun Basin, Morocco. Numidotherium is known from an almost complete skeleton from late early Eocene deposits in southern Algeria and Libya. Compared to modern elephants, the Numidotheriidae were quite small. Phosphatherium, for instance, was only 60 cm (24 in) long and weighed about 15 kg (33 lb). Numidotherium was about 1 m in length. They occupied a similar ecological niche to the modern hippopotamus and the related early proboscid Moeritherium, feeding on soft, aquatic plants in marshy environments. The Numidotheriidae are not believed to be direct ancestors of modern elephants, but a collateral branch.

text:
# Numidotheriidae

**Numidotheriidae** is an extinct family of primitive proboscideans that lived from the late Paleocene to the early Oligocene periods of North Africa.

Fragmentary fossils (mainly teeth) of the early Eocene genera, *Daouitherium* and *Phosphatherium*, have been found in the Ouled Abdun Basin, Morocco. *Numidotherium* is known from an almost complete skeleton from late early Eocene deposits in southern Algeria and Libya. Compared to modern elephants, the Numidotheriidae were quite small. *Phosphatherium*, for instance, was only 60 cm (24 in) long and weighed about 15 kg (33 lb). *Numidotherium* was about 1 m (3 ft 3 in) in length. They occupied a similar ecological niche to the modern hippopotamus and the related early proboscid *Moeritherium*, feeding on soft, aquatic plants in marshy environments. The Numidotheriidae are not believed to be direct ancestors of modern elephants, but a collateral branch.

## InfoBox

| Numidotheriidae
Temporal range: | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Proboscidea |
| Suborder: | Plesielephantiformes |
| Family: | Numidotheriidae
Shoshani & Tassy, 1992 |
|
| Genera | |
|  | |


title: Nymphs (album)

abstract: Nymphs is the debut studio album by the American rock band Nymphs, released in 1991 on Geffen Records. There were music videos made for "Imitating Angels" and "Sad and Damned". Despite Geffen's expensive promotional efforts, the album was a commercial failure. The album was produced by Bill Price; its release was delayed after Tom Zutaut pulled Price to remix tracks by Guns N' Roses. Iggy Pop sang on "Supersonic".

text:
# Nymphs (album)

***Nymphs*** is the debut studio album by the American rock band Nymphs, released in 1991 on Geffen Records. There were music videos made for "Imitating Angels" and "Sad and Damned". Despite Geffen's expensive promotional efforts, the album was a commercial failure.

The album was produced by Bill Price; its release was delayed after Tom Zutaut pulled Price to remix tracks by Guns N' Roses. Iggy Pop sang on "Supersonic".

## Musical style

Brian Flota of AllMusic proclaimed *Nymphs* to be "the last great glam-metal album". Dannii Leivers opined the record to "straddle glam and grunge".

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

*The Vancouver Sun* wrote that "\[Inger\] Lorre is a great hard-rock singer, with a clear, strong voice that pierces straight through the guitars that thunder and crash around her."

In June 2020, *Nymphs* was ranked in LouderSound's "10 Obscure but Absolutely Essential Grunge Albums".

## Track listing

All song by Nymphs.

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Just One Happy Day" | 02:58 |
| 2. | "Cold" | 02:20 |
| 3. | "2 Cats" | 02:54 |
| 4. | "Imitating Angels" | 04:24 |
| 5. | "Wasting My Days" | 04:00 |
| 6. | "Heaven" | 03:35 |
| 7. | "Supersonic" | 03:22 |
| 8. | "Sad and Damned" | 02:58 |
| 9. | "Death of a Scenester" | 04:03 |
| 10. | "The River" | 03:38 |
| 11. | "Revolt" | 02:00 |
| 12. | "The Highway" | 05:35 |
| Total length: | | 42:14 |

## Personnel

* Inger Lorre \- vocals
* Geoff Siegel- guitar
* Sam Merrick - guitar
* Alex Kirst - drums
* Cliff D. - bass
* Iggy Pop \- vocals on "Supersonic"

## InfoBox

| Nymphs | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Nymphs | |
| Released | 1991 |
| Recorded | 1990 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 42:14 |
| Label | Geffen |
| Producer | Bill Price |
| Nymphs chronology | |
| ***Nymphs***
(1991) *A Practical Guide to Astral Projection*
(1992) | |


title: Nutfield Priory

abstract: Nutfield Priory is a Grade II listed country house in Nutfield, Surrey. It was constructed between 1872 and 1874 by John Gibson. It is now a hotel and health spa.

text:
# Nutfield Priory

**Nutfield Priory** is a Grade II listed country house in Nutfield, Surrey. It was constructed between 1872 and 1874 by John Gibson. It is now a hotel and health spa.

## History

In the 13th century, Reigate Priory was founded on this site by William de Warenne, 5th Earl of Surrey. The land was taken by the Crown during the Dissolution of the Monasteries, but was subsequently given to William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham, uncle of Henry VIII's fifth wife Catherine Howard.

In 1681, the estate was sold to the brewer John Parsons. It was divided into lots for sale in 1766; what became Nutfield Priory is a 93 acres (38 ha) site bought by John Fowler. The estate was inherited by John Fowler Wood and sold to H E Gurney, a Quaker, in 1854.

In 1866, Gurney's firm Overend Gurney declared bankruptcy, owing £19 million. The estate was sold to the brewer James Watney, who in turn sold it to the member of parliament Joshua Fielden in 1869. Fielden commissioned Gibson to design and build the present building, and held regular music recitals and events during his time there. He adhered to a rigid lifestyle, with guests not speaking to each other and following a predefined routine.

Following Fielden's death in 1887, ownership of the priory passed to his wife Ellen. She sold the house in 1920, where it remained a private residence before being sold again to O Picton Davis in 1930, who converted it into a luxury hotel with a nine-hole golf course.

The priory was commandeered by the British Army during World War II. It was subsequently used as a school for the deaf, installing closed-circuit television to aid with teaching. It was renovated as a hotel in 1989, restoring much of the original architecture. It was Grade II listed in 2011.

## Architecture

Gibson designed the house in a neo-Gothic manner in the style of the Palace of Westminster. The priory is built from Kentish ragstone rubble and dressed with Reigate Stone. It is composed of two storeys and an attic, with a tiled roof. A six-storey tower hangs over the main entrance on the north side, while there is a three-storey projection to the west.

**Citations**

**Sources**

## InfoBox

| Nutfield Priory | |
| --- | --- |
| View of the house from the gardens | |
| Location | Nutfield |
| Coordinates | 51°14′09″N 0°08′31″W / 51.2357°N 000.1420°W / 51.2357; -000.1420 |
| OS grid reference | TQ2980850153 |
| Area | Surrey |
| Built | 1872-1874 |
| Architect | John Gibson |
| Architectural style(s) | Neo-gothic |
| Owner | Hand Picked Hotels |
|  | |
| Listed Building – Grade II | |
| Official name | Nutfield Priory |
| Designated | 12 August 2011 |
| Reference no. | 1400998 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Nutfield Priory in Surrey | |


title: Nutfield Marshes

abstract: Nutfield Marshes is a 62-hectare (150-acre) nature reserve near Nutfield in Surrey. It is managed by the Surrey Wildlife Trust. These former sand quarries along the Redhill Brook are now wetland nature reserves called The Moors, Spynes Mere, and Holmethorpe Lagoons. They provide habitats for many birds, with 144 species recorded in Holmethorp Lagoon. Spynes Mere has three lakes. In 2021, the trust constructed a 400 t (440-ton) 20 m-long (66 ft) sandbank at Spynes Mere, to encourage sand martins to nest at the site. There is public access to the site apart from The Moors.

text:
# Nutfield Marshes

**Nutfield Marshes** is a 62-hectare (150-acre) nature reserve near Nutfield in Surrey. It is managed by the Surrey Wildlife Trust.

These former sand quarries along the Redhill Brook are now wetland nature reserves called The Moors, Spynes Mere, and Holmethorpe Lagoons. They provide habitats for many birds, with 144 species recorded in Holmethorp Lagoon. Spynes Mere has three lakes.

In 2021, the trust constructed a 400 t (440-ton) 20 m-long (66 ft) sandbank at Spynes Mere, to encourage sand martins to nest at the site.

There is public access to the site apart from The Moors.

51°14′46″N 0°09′07″W / 51.246°N 0.152°W / 51.246; -0.152

## InfoBox

| Nutfield Marshes | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Type | Nature reserve |
| Location | Nutfield, Surrey |
| OS grid | TQ291513<br>TQ 307524 |
| Area | 62 hectares (150 acres) |
| Managed by | Surrey Wildlife Trust |


title: O Semideus

abstract: O Semideus is a Brazilian telenovela produced and broadcast by TV Globo. It premiered on 22 August 1973 and ended on 7 May 1974, with a total of 221 episodes in Black and white. It's the thirteenth "novela das oito" to be aired on the timeslot. It is created and written by Janete Clair and directed by Walter Avancini and Daniel Filho.

text:
# O Semideus

***O Semideus*** (Portuguese: *The Demigod*) is a Brazilian telenovela produced and broadcast by TV Globo. It premiered on 22 August 1973 and ended on 7 May 1974, with a total of 221 episodes in Black and white. It's the thirteenth "novela das oito" to be aired on the timeslot. It is created and written by Janete Clair and directed by Walter Avancini and Daniel Filho.

## Cast

* Tarcísio Meira \- Hugo Leonardo / Raul de Paula
* Glória Menezes \- Ângela
* Francisco Cuoco \- Alex Garcia
* Maria Cláudia \- Estela
* Juca de Oliveira \- Alberto Parreiras
* Yoná Magalhães \- Adriana Penha
* Nívea Maria \- Soninha
* Ziembinski - Padre Miodek
* Yara Cortes \- Sula
* Miriam Pires \- Dulce Leonardo
* Felipe Carone - Gildo Graça
* Paulo Padilha - Dr. Lafayette Pontes
* Monah Delacy - Santa
* Ary Fontoura \- Mauro
* Stênio Garcia \- Lorde José
* Renata Fronzi \- Paloma
* Antônio Patiño - Horácio
* Mary Daniel - Joyce
* Castro Gonzaga - Azevedo
* Gracinda Freire - Juventina
* Ênio Santos - Santana
* Macedo Neto - Dr. Fausto
* Ana Ariel - Clara
* Jardel Mello - Dr. Paulo
* Ângela Leal - Carmem
* Ivan Cândido - Wálter
* Heloísa Helena \- Elza
* Irma Alvarez - Rachel
* Carlos Duval - Almeida
* Roberto Faissal - Januário
* Hemílcio Fróes - Quinzinho (Joaquim)
* Lúcia Alves - Beatriz
* Tony Ferreira - Telmo
* Suzana Gonçalves - Norma (Norminha)
* Rodolfo Arena - Osvaldo
* Roberto Bomfim - Carlos
* Françoise Forton \- Wanda
* Maria Cristina Nunes - Leda
* Paulo Ramos - Dr. Renato
* Roberto Pirillo - Lulu
* Denise Dumont \- Analu (Ana Lúcia)
* Diogo Vilela - Diogo
* Glória Pires \- Ione
* Júlio César Vieira - Manuel (Maneco)
* Rosana Garcia - Carmem (Carminha)
* Isabela Garcia \- Clara (Clarinha)
* Sérgio de Oliveira - Abílio
* Marcele Russo - Durvalina
* Sérgio Mansur - Ruy Reis
* Mário Petráglia - Juca

## InfoBox

| *O Semideus* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Telenovela |
| Created by | Janete Clair |
| Directed by | Walther Avancini
Daniel Filho |
| Starring |  |
| Opening theme | "O Semideus" |
| Country of origin | Brazil |
| Original language | Portuguese |
| No. of episodes | 221 |
| Production | |
| Running time | 50 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | TV Globo |
| Release | 22 August 1973 (1973-08-22)
7 May 1974 (1974-05-07) |
| Related | |
|  | |


title: ORF Sport +

abstract: ORF Sport + is an Austrian sports channel owned by the public service broadcaster, ORF. The channel is available via satellite Astra 1KR, on 19.2°E, cable and DVB-T, in Austria and parts of Europe.

text:
# ORF Sport +

**ORF Sport +** is an Austrian sports channel owned by the public service broadcaster, ORF. The channel is available via satellite Astra 1KR, on 19.2°E, cable and DVB-T, in Austria and parts of Europe.

## History

Before the launch of ORF Sport Plus on 1 May 2006, TW1 provided sports programming since May 2000 up until the launch of ORF Sport Plus.

On 22 October 2007, ORF Sport Plus was made available to DVB-T, only in the state capitals of Austria. Since that date, TW1 was available only on cable and satellite.

On July 15, 2009, ORF Information Director Elmar Oberhauser announced that the channel would be discontinued in 2010 for cost reasons. However, the ORF law secured the program and it is to be expanded.

On October 26, 2011, ORF SPORT + was expanded into a 24-hour special interest channel. The channel took over the antenna frequency previously shared with Hitradio Ö3 TV and received new satellite and cable slots.

A high definition (HD) version of the channel was announced for October 24, 2014.

## Programming

ORF Sport + shows a variety of sport programming including; Formula E, American football, ice hockey, football, hockey, badminton, tennis, table tennis, volleyball, team handball, swimming, and the National Golf Championships.

## Logos

1. Internet-Sportportal des ORF: https://sportv1.orf.at/?href=https://sportv1.orf.at/ticker/334617.html
2. Krone.at: *160-Millionen-Gesetz — Nationalrat: FPÖ sichert Regierung Mehrheit bei ORF* vom 17. Juni 2010.
3. Fidler, Harald: *ORF 3 darf wochenends nur werbefrei* vom 6. September 2011 auf derstandard.at – Aufgerufen am 30. September 2011.
4. derStandard.at: *ORF III und ORF Sport plus ab Herbst in HD*

## InfoBox

ORF Sport +
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Austria |
| Programming | |
| Picture format | 576i (16:9 SDTV)
720p (16:9 HDTV) |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | ORF |
| Sister channels | ORF 1
ORF 2
ORF III |
| History | |
| Launched | 1 May 2006 (2006-05-01) |
| Former names | ORF Sport Plus (2006–2011) |
| Links | |
| Website | tv.orf.at/orfsportplus |
| Availability | |
|  | |
| Terrestrial | |
| DVB-T
(Austria) | Channel 3 (DVB-T MUX B) |
| Streaming media | |
| ORF TVthek | Watch live(Austria only) |
|  | |


title: ONE Friday Fights 1

abstract: ONE Friday Fights: Nong-O vs. Ramazanov was a combat sport event produced by ONE Championship that took place on January 20, 2023, at Lumpinee Boxing Stadium in Bangkok, Thailand.

text:
# ONE Friday Fights 1

***ONE Friday Fights: Nong-O vs. Ramazanov*** (also known as ***ONE Lumpinee 1***) was a combat sport event produced by ONE Championship that took place on January 20, 2023, at Lumpinee Boxing Stadium in Bangkok, Thailand.

## Background

The event marked the promotion's first venue in Lumpinee Boxing Stadium which is a standard Muay Thai stadium in Thailand. In this the ONE Lumpinee event will be broadcast live on Channel 7 HD in Friday at 20:30PM (UTC+07:00).

A ONE Bantamweight Muay Thai World Championship bout between current champion Nong-O Gaiyanghadao and former ONE Bantamweight Kickboxing Champion Alaverdi Ramazanov was originally to take place at ONE on Prime Video 6 but the bout announced moved to headline this event. The pairing was previously scheduled at ONE: X, but Ramazanov pull out from the card due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, all Russian athletes were removed from the card as a result of the Singaporean government banning them from entering the country.

At the weigh-ins, Saensiri Petch Por.Tor.Or, Mavlud Tupiev and Keivan Soleimani all failed hydration test and were forced to take catchweights. Saensiri weighed in at 151 pounds, 6 pounds over the limit, Tupiev came in at 147 pounds, 2 pounds over the bantamweight limit, Soleimani weighed in at 177 pounds, 7 pounds over the lightweight limit. Both bouts proceeded at catchweight. Saensiri, Tupiev and Soleimani was fined their purse, which went to their opponent Khomarwut F.A.Group, Muangthai P.K.Saenchai and Josh Hill.

## Results

| Main card (YouTube / Watch ONE) | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Weight class |  |  |  | Method | Round | Time | Notes |
| Bantamweight Muay Thai | Nong-O Gaiyanghadao (c) | def. | Alaverdi Ramazanov | KO (punches) | 3 | 2:14 |  |
| Strawweight Muay Thai | Prajanchai P.K.Saenchai | def. | Kompetch Sitsarawatsuer | Decision (unanimous) | 3 | 5:00 |  |
| Atomweight Muay Thai | Khunsueklek Boomdeksian | def. | Petchbanrai Singha Mawynn | Decision (unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |  |
| Catchweight (151 lbs) Muay Thai | Khomarwut F.A.Group | def. | Saensiri Petch Por.Tor.Or | Decision (unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |  |
| Flyweight Muay Thai | Sonrak Fairtex | def. | Tai Sor.Jor. Piek-U-Thai | Decision (majority) | 3 | 3:00 |  |
| Catchweight (112 lbs) Muay Thai | Sakaengam Jitmuangnon | def. | Suayai Chor.Hapayak | KO (punch) | 1 | 2:47 |  |
| Preliminary card (FanDuel TV) | | | | | | | |
| Catchweight (140 lbs) Muay Thai | Saeksan Or. Kwanmuang | def. | Tyson Harrison | Decision (split) | 3 | 3:00 |  |
| Lightweight | Richard Godoy | def. | Alexy Lyapunov | Decision (split) | 3 | 5:00 |  |
| Catchweight (147 lbs) Muay Thai | Muangthai P.K.Saenchai | def. | Mavlud Tupiev | Decision (unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |  |
| Catchweight (177 lbs) Muay Thai | Josh Hill | def. | Keivan Soleimani | Decision (unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |  |
| Flyweight | Colton Kielbasa | def. | Akihiro Fujisawa | Submission (rear-naked choke) | 1 | 0:57 |  |
| Flyweight Muay Thai | Muhammed Sadeghi | def. | Angelos Giakoumis | Decision (unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |  |

## Bonus awards

The following fighters were awarded bonuses.

* **Performance of the Night ($50,000): Nong-O Gaiyanghadao** and  **Saeksan Or. Kwanmuang**
* **Performance of the Night ($10,000): Sakaengam Jitmuangnon** and **Muangthai P.K.Saenchai**

1. Jay Furness (2022-11-26). "Nong-O Gaiyanghadao Vs. Alaverdi Ramazanov World Title Fight Moved To ONE Lumpinee 1". ONE Championship – The Home of Martial Arts. Retrieved 2022-11-26.
2. "Nong-O faces Alaverdi Ramazanov at Lumpinee Stadium". Asian MMA. 2022-11-26. Retrieved 2022-11-26.
3. Kevin Strobel (2022-11-25). "Nong-O Against Alaverdi Ramazanov Rescheduled to Headline ONE Championship's Debut at Lumpinee Stadium on Jan. 20". Beyond Kick – The Home of Kickboxing. Retrieved 2022-11-25.
4. "ONE Lumpinee to be broadcast live on Channel 7". Asian MMA. 2022-12-08. Retrieved 2022-12-08.
5. Jay Furness (2022-11-01). "Nong-O To Defend ONE Bantamweight Muay Thai World Title Against Alaverdi Ramazanov At ONE On Prime Video 6". ONE Championship – The Home of Martial Arts. Retrieved 2022-11-01.
6. Staff (2022-01-18). "Nong-O to defend ONE Muay Thai World title against Alaverdi Ramazanov at ONE: X". fightrecord.co.uk. Retrieved 2022-11-01.
7. Tom Taylor and Nicolas Atkin (2022-03-15). "ONE Championship's Russian fighters removed from cards in Singapore – 'it's just about international sentiment', Chatri Sityodtong says". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 2022-11-01.
8. "พร้อมตัดสิน "น้องโอ๋ vs อลาเวอร์ดี" น้ำหนักผ่านฉลุย เปิดศึก ONE ลุมพินี นัดปฐมฤกษ์". *TERO Entertainment*. 2023-01-20. Retrieved 2023-01-20. (in Thai)
9. "ONE Friday Fights 1". *ONE Championship – The Home of Martial Arts*. 15 January 2023. Retrieved 2023-01-18.
10. "ONE Friday Fights 1 results, recap and bonuses". *FightBookMMA.com*. 2023-01-20. Retrieved 2023-01-20.

## InfoBox

| ONE Friday Fights: Nong-O vs. Ramazanov | |
| --- | --- |
| The poster for ONE Friday Fights: Nong-O vs. Ramazanov | |
| Promotion | ONE Championship |
| Date | January 20, 2023 (2023-January-20) |
| Venue | Lumpinee Boxing Stadium |
| City | Bangkok, Thailand |
| Event chronology | |
| ONE Fight Night 6: Superbon vs. Allazov ONE Friday Fights: Nong-O vs. Ramazanov ONE Friday Fights: Sangmanee vs. Kulabdam 2 | |


title: OR2M4

abstract: Olfactory receptor 2M4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR2M4 gene. Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms.

text:
# OR2M4

**Olfactory receptor 2M4** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *OR2M4* gene.

Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms.

## Further reading

*This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.*

## InfoBox

| OR2M4 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | OR2M4, HSHTPCRX18, HTPCRX18, OR1-55, OST710, TPCR100, olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily M member 4 | | |
| External IDs | HomoloGene: 88846; GeneCards: OR2M4; OMA:OR2M4 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_017504   n/a   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_059974   n/a   Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 248.23 – 248.24 Mb n/a  PubMed search  n/a | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human | | | |


title: Oat blue dwarf virus

abstract: Oat blue dwarf virus (OBDV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Tymoviridae. It replicates within leafhopper vectors, and when these vectors feed, the virus is transmitted to the plant. It can infect oats and barley.

text:
# Oat blue dwarf virus

**Oat blue dwarf virus (OBDV)** is a plant pathogenic virus of the family *Tymoviridae*. It replicates within leafhopper vectors, and when these vectors feed, the virus is transmitted to the plant. It can infect oats and barley.

## InfoBox

| *Oat blue dwarf virus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Virus classification | |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| *Realm*: | *Riboviria* |
| Kingdom: | *Orthornavirae* |
| Phylum: | *Kitrinoviricota* |
| Class: | *Alsuviricetes* |
| Order: | *Tymovirales* |
| Family: | *Tymoviridae* |
| Genus: | *Marafivirus* |
| Species: | ***Oat blue dwarf virus*** |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * Flax crinkle virus | |


title: Objetivo Fama season 5

abstract: The fifth season of Objetivo Fama officially began on February 9, 2008. It was hosted by Yuri. It featured returning judges Roberto Sueiro and Fernando Allende, while Mexican singer Jimena replaced Hilda Ramos.

text:
# Objetivo Fama season 5

The fifth season of *Objetivo Fama* officially began on February 9, 2008. It was hosted by Yuri. It featured returning judges Roberto Sueiro and Fernando Allende, while Mexican singer Jimena replaced Hilda Ramos.

## Auditions

### Final Cutdown

The 20 final contestants were officially announced on February 2, 2008, during a show at the Puerto Rico Convention Center and the show officially began on February 9, 2008. A few days before, contestant Lorenzo Mendez was disqualified from the show because he was already signed to a record label. Ronny Mercedes was selected to replace him.

The 20 selected contestants were:

| # | Contestant | Home Town | Nationality | Age * |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Alfredo Lomelli | San Antonio, Texas | Mexican | 23 |
| 2 | Blanca Rosa Alfonso | Miami, Florida | Cuban | 24 |
| 3 | Cristina Eustace | Dallas, Texas | Mexican | 28 |
| 4 | Dalila Santa María | Conroe, Texas | Mexican | 18 |
| 5 | Diana Mercado | Aventura, Florida | Dominican/Colombian | 26 |
| 6 | Javier Baerga | Caguas, Puerto Rico | Puerto Rican | 20 |
| 7 | Jometh Andújar | San Juan, Puerto Rico | Puerto Rican | 27 |
| 8 | Jonathan Ríos | Lares, Puerto Rico | Puerto Rican | 19 |
| 9 | Josué Pérez | San Francisco, California | Mexican/Puerto Rican | 26 |
| 10 | Karen Rodriguez | New York City | Peruvian/Dominican | 18 |
| 11 | Leonardo Méndez | Los Angeles, California | Mexican | 24 |
| 12 | Ronny Mercedes | New York City | Dominican | 22 |
| 13 | Luis Javier Chávez | Hampshire, Illinois | Mexican | 24 |
| 14 | Luz Leguizamo | San Pablo, California | Mexican | 22 |
| 15 | Magdalena León | San Jose, California | Mexican | 21 |
| 16 | Sammy Genao | New York City | Dominican | 21 |
| 17 | Samuel Colón | Moca, Puerto Rico | Puerto Rican | 20 |
| 18 | Yaindhi Alvarez | New York City | Dominican | 25 |
| 19 | Yaritza Rodríguez | Miami, Florida | Cuban | 22 |
| 20 | Yerly Burgos | Fresno, California | Dominican | 27 |

* Age was taken at the beginning of the contest (2008)

## Weekly Shows

### Quarter-finals

#### First Show: February 9

The songs performed during the first show were:

| # | Contestant | Song Title | Original Performer |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Ronny Mercedes | "Da La Vuelta" | Marc Anthony |
| 2 | Alfredo Lomelli | "Amor De Los Dos" | Vicente Fernández and Alejandro Fernández |
| | Luis Javier Chavez | | |
| 3 | Diana Mercado | "Volverte A Amar" | Alejandra Guzmán |
| | Blanca Rosa Alfonso | | |
| 4 | Cristina Eustace | "Vive Ya" | Andrea Bocelli and Laura Pausini |
| | Jometh Andujar | | |
| 5 | Josue Perez | "Nuestro Amor Se Ha Vuelto Ayer" | Víctor Manuelle and Yuridia |
| | Luz Leguizamo | | |
| 6 | Dalila Santa Maria | "No Me Queda Mas" | Selena |
| | Yaritza Rodriguez | | |
| 7 | Karen Rodriguez | "No Pense Enamorarme" | Gilberto Santa Rosa and Myriam Hernandez |
| | Sammy Genao | | |
| 8 | Magdalena Leon | "Despacito" | Pedro Fernández |
| | Leonardo Mendez | | |
| 9 | Samuel Colon | "Solo Para Ti" | Camila |
| | Jonathan Rios | | |
| | Javier Baerga | | |
|
| 10 | Yaindhi Alvarez | "Cosas Del Amor" | Olga Tañón and Milly Quezada |
| | Yerly Burgos | | |
|

* The two contestants threatened that night were Sammy and Luz
* The first show featured special presentations from Los Super Reyes and last year winner, Juan Vélez.
* The better of the night:

Cristina Eustace y Jometh Andujar with a MAGISTERIAL interpretation of the difficult topic " Vive Ya" of the big singers Andrea Bocelli and Laura Pausini definitively these two guys are a few mounsters in scene. Jometh I captivate all during the WHOLE song but the moment mas impressive was his excellent acute one " PORQUE! " This boy is one of the more strong. Cristina safely incredible in the scene and very much scenic domain.

Samuel Colon, Jonathan Rios and Javier Baerga were the best second interpretation of the night with his excellent interpretation of the song " Solo Para Ti" of the acquaintance group "Camila"

#### Second Show: February 16

The songs performed during the second show were:

| # | Contestant | Song Title | Original Performer |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Luis Javier Chavez | "Si Pudiera Mentir" | Marco Antonio Solís |
| | Javier Baerga | | |
| 2 | Alfredo Lomelli | "Te Voy A Perder' | Alejandro Fernández |
| | Josue Perez | | |
|
| 3 | Yerly Burgos | "Sueños Rotos" | La Quinta Estación |
| | Diana Mercado | | |
| 4 | Jometh Andujar | "Mi Corazoncito" | Aventura |
| | Jonathan Rios | | |
| 5 | Leonardo Mendez | "Por Mujeres Como Tu" | Pepe Aguilar |
| 6 | Karen Rodriguez | "Quizas" | Milly Quezada |
| | Blanca Rosa Alfonso | | |
| 7 | Magdalena Leon | "No Puedo Dejar De Pensar En Ti" | Pandora |
| | Dalila Santa Maria | | |
| | Yaritza Rodriguez | | |
|
| 8 | Luz Leguizamo | "Pero Me Acuerdo De Ti" | Christina Aguilera |
| 9 | Sammy Genao | "Si Tu Quisieras" | Luis Fonsi |
| 10 | Samuel Colon | "Si Una Vez" | Manny Manuel |
| | Ronny Mercedes | | |
| 11 | Yaindhi Alvarez | "Dejame Volver Contigo" | Dulce |
| | Cristina Eustace | | |
|

* Luz was chosen to leave the competition
* The two contestants threatened that night were Alfredo and Dalila
* The show featured a special presentation from Ivy Queen

#### Third Show: February 23

The songs performed during the third show were:

| # | Contestant | Song Title | Original Performer |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Ronny Mercedes | "Detenedla Ya" | Emmanuel |
| | Jometh Andujar | | |
| 2 | Cristina Eustace | "Insoportablemente Bella" | Hernaldo Zúñiga |
| | Karen Rodriguez | | |
| | Yerly Burgos | | |
|
| 3 | Leonardo Mendez | "Toda La Vida" | Franco Iglesias |
| | Javier Baerga | | |
| 4 | Diana Mercado | "Costumbres" | Rocío Dúrcal and Juan Gabriel |
| | Luis Javier Chavez | | |
| 5 | Magdalena Leon | "Inalcanzable" | RBD |
| | Jonathan Rios | | |
| 6 | Samuel Colon | "No Vale La Pena" | Johnny Rivera and Ray Sepúlveda |
| | Josue Perez | | |
| 7 | Yaindhi Alvarez | "Quererte A Ti" | Angela Carrasco |
| | Blanca Rosa Alfonso | | |
| 8 | Sammy Genao | "No Es Una Novela" | Monchy y Alexandra |
| | Yaritza Rodriguez | | |
| 9 | Alfredo Lomelli | "La Pareja Ideal" | Marisela and Marco Antonio Solís |
| | Dalila Santa Maria | | |
|

* Jonathan & Magdalena were chosen best of the night.
* The contestants made a tribute to Mexican singer Emmanuel. He was invited as a guest judge and sang "La Chica de Humo" with the contestants.
* Alfredo was chosen to leave the competition
* The two contestants threatened that night were Luis Javier and Dalila

#### Fourth Show: March 1

The songs performed during the fourth show were:

| # | Contestant | Song Title | Original Performer |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Samuel Colon | "Imaginame Sin Ti" | Luis Fonsi |
| | Leonardo Mendez | | |
| 2 | Yerly Burgos | "Insensible A Ti" | Alicia Villarreal |
| | Magdalena Leon | | |
| 3 | Ronny Mercedes | "Mi Credo" | Tiziano Ferro and Pepe Aguilar |
| | Josue Perez | | |
| 4 | Diana Mercado | "Me Cambio Por Ella" | Olga Tañón |
| | Yaindhi Alvarez | | |
| 5 | Jonathan Rios | "La Quiero A Morir" | DLG |
| | Sammy Genao | | |
| 6 | Karen Rodriguez | "Mujer Contra Mujer" | Mecano |
| | Yaritza Rodriguez | | |
| 7 | Dalila Santa Maria | "Callados" | Ninel Conde and Jose Manuel Figueroa |
| | Luis Javier Chavez | | |
| 8 | Cristina Eustace | "Psicofonia" | Gloria Trevi |
| | Blanca Rosa Alfonso | | |
| 9 | Jometh Andujar | "Intocable" | Aleks Syntek |
| | Javier Baerga | | |
|

* Dalila was chosen to leave the competition
* Cristina and Blanca were threatened to leave the competition
* The show featured a special presentation from Alejandra Guzmán

#### Fifth Show: March 8

The songs performed during the fifth show were:

| # | Contestant | Song Title | Original Performer |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Javier Baerga | "Para Darte Mi Vida" | Elvis Crespo and Milly Quezada |
| | Yaritza Rodriguez | | |
| 2 | Karen Rodriguez | "Si No Te Hubiera Conocido" | Christina Aguilera and Luis Fonsi |
| | Ronny Mercedes | | |
| 3 | Samuel Colon | "Perdidos" | Monchy y Alexandra |
| | Yerly Burgos | | |
| 4 | Josue Perez | "Nunca Voy A Olvidarte" | Cristian Castro |
| 5 | Magdalena Leon | "Acompañame" | Alicia Villarreal and Pedro Fernández |
| | Sammy Genao | | |
| 6 | Blanca Rosa Alfonso | "Escondidos" | Olga Tañón and Cristian Castro |
| | Leonardo Mendez | | |
| 7 | Yaindhi Alvarez | "Vivir Lo Nuestro" | Marc Anthony and La India |
| | Jometh Andujar | | |
| 8 | Diana Mercado | "Vivo Por Ella" | Andrea Bocelli and Marta Sanchez |
| | Jonathan Rios | | |
| 9 | Luis Javier Chavez | "En El Jardin" | Alejandro Fernández and Gloria Estefan |
| | Cristina Eustace | | |
|

* Blanca was chosen to leave the competition
* Javier, Ronny and Magdalena were threatened to leave the competition
* The show featured special presentations from Jenni Rivera and Yuridia

#### Sixth Show: March 15

The songs performed during the sixth show were:

| # | Contestant | Song Title | Original Performer |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Samuel Colon | "Por Debajo De La Mesa" | Luis Miguel |
| | Luis Javier Chavez | | |
| 2 | Yaindhi Alvarez | "Ahora Que Te Vas" | La Quinta Estación |
| | Yaritza Rodriguez | | |
| 3 | Ronny Mercedes | "Mujeres Divinas" | Vicente Fernández |
| | Javier Baerga | | |
| 4 | Karen Rodriguez | "Tuya" | Jennifer Peña |
| | Diana Mercado | | |
| 5 | Magdalena Leon | "No Me Enseñaste" | Thalía |
| 6 | Cristina Eustace | "Me Nace Del Corazon" | Rocío Dúrcal |
| | Yerly Burgos | | |
| 7 | Sammy Genao | "Coleccionista De Canciones" | Camila |
| | Jometh Andujar | | |
| | Leonardo Mendez | | |
|
| 8 | Josue Perez | "Solo Por Un Beso" | Aventura |
| | Jonathan Rios | | |
|

* Magdalena and Ronny were chosen to leave the competition
* Luis Javier, Diana and Yaindhi were threatened to leave the competition
* The show featured a special presentation from Gloria Trevi

#### Seventh Show: March 22

The songs performed during the seventh show were:

| # | Contestant | Song Title | Original Performer |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Karen Rodriguez | "Sola Otra Vez" | Celine Dion |
| 2 | Leonardo Mendez | "Celos" | Marc Anthony |
| 3 | Josue Perez | "Por Una Mujer" | Luis Fonsi |
| 4 | Samuel Colon | "Pobre Corazon" | Divino |
| 5 | Yaritza Rodriguez | "Si Tu Eres Mi Hombre" | La India |
| 6 | Yerly Burgos | "Mi Mayor Venganza" | La India |
| 7 | Jometh Andujar | "Y Hubo Alguien" | Marc Anthony |
| 8 | Sammy Genao | "Sera" | Ricardo Montaner |
| 9 | Jonathan Rios | "Un Buen Perdedor" | Franco De Vita |
| 10 | Javier Baerga | "Volveras" | Ricky Martin |
| 11 | Cristina Eustace | "Quien Eres Tu" | Yuri |
| 12 | Yaindhi Alvarez | "Como Una Loba" | Valeria Lynch |
|

* Diana and Luis Javier were chosen to leave the competition
* The show featured a special presentation from Shaila Dúrcal

#### Eight Show: March 29

The songs performed during the eight show were:

| # | Contestant | Song Title | Original Performer |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Yaindhi Alvarez | "Pena" | Milly Quezada |
| 2 | Jonathan Rios | "Suelta Mi Mano" | Sin Bandera |
| 3 | Josue Perez | "Amiga Mia" | Alejandro Sanz |
| 4 | Yerly Burgos | "Tu Amor" | Olga Tañon |
| 5 | Jometh Andujar | "Yo Queria" | Cristian Castro |
| 6 | Sammy Genao | "Si Tu Supieras" | Alejandro Fernández |
| 7 | Javier Baerga | "Usted Se Me Llevo La Vida" | Alexandre Pires |
| 8 | Karen Rodriguez | "El Hombre Que Yo Amo" | Myriam Hernandez |
| 9 | Samuel Colon | "Lloraras" | Oscar D'León |
| 10 | Cristina Eustace | "Aires Del Mayab" | Lola Beltrán |
|

* Yaritza and Leonardo were chosen to leave the competition
* The show featured a special presentation from Tito El Bambino

### Semi-finals

#### Ninth Show: April 5

The songs performed during the ninth show were:

| # | Contestant | Song Title | Original Performer |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Sammy Genao | "Ajena" | Frank Reyes |
| 2 | Cristina Eustace | "Por Ti" | Ednita Nazario |
| 3 | Karen Rodriguez | "Que Creias" | Selena |
| 4 | Jonathan Rios | "Casi Un Hechizo" | Jerry Rivera |
| 5 | Yerly Burgos | "Hasta Mañana" | Grupo Limite |
| 6 | Jometh Andujar | "Buscando Tus Besos" | Joseph Fonseca |
| 7 | Samuel Colon | "Seria Facil" | Luis Fonsi |
| 8 | Yaindhi Alvarez | "Mi Talisman" | Ana Gabriel |
| 9 | Javier Baerga | "A Puro Dolor" | Son By Four |
|

* Josue was chosen to leave the competition
* The show featured a special presentation from Marlon, winner of the third season of the show.

#### Tenth Show: April 12

The songs performed during the tenth show were:

| # | Contestant | Song Title | Original Performer |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Javier Baerga | "Como Pudiste" | Obie Bermúdez |
| 2 | Sammy Genao | "Lo Dudo" | José José |
| 3 | Yaindhi Alvarez | "La Tirana" | La Lupe |
| 4 | Jometh Andujar | "Me Enamora" | Juanes |
| 5 | Samuel Colon | "No Tengo Suerte En El Amor" | Yoskar Sarante |
| 6 | Cristina Eustace | "Mujeres Liberadas" | Melina León |
| 7 | Jonathan Rios | "Fuego Contra Fuego" | Ricky Martin |
| 8 | Karen Rodriguez | "Detrás de Mi Ventana" | Yuri |
|

* Yerly was chosen to leave the competition

#### Eleventh Show: April 19

The songs performed during the eleventh show were:

| # | Contestant | Song Title | Original Performer |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Samuel Colón | "Algo De Mi" | Camilo Sesto |
| 2 | Yaindhi Alvarez | "Viveme" | Laura Pausini |
| 3 | Jometh Andujar | "Al Que Me Siga" | Luis Miguel |
| 4 | Karen Rodriguez | "Quitame Ese Hombre" | Pilar Montenegro |
| 5 | Jonathan Rios | "Antes" | Obie Bermúdez |
| 6 | Cristina Eustace | "Mentira" | Hernaldo Zúñiga |
| 7 | Javier Baerga | "La Media Vuelta" | Luis Miguel |
|

* Yaindhi and Milly Quezada sang together the song "Volvió Juanita"
* Sammy G was chosen to leave the competition

#### Twelfth Show: April 26

The songs performed during the twelfth show were:

| # | Contestant | Song Title | Original Performer |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Javier Baerga | "Yo Naci Para Amarte" | Alejandro Fernández |
| 2 | Samuel Colon | "Labios Compartidos" | Mana |
| 3 | Yaindhi Alvarez | "Quiero Amanecer Con Alguien" | Daniela Romo |
| 4 | Jometh Andujar | "Devorame Otra Vez" | Lalo Rodríguez |
| 5 | Cristina Eustace | "Como Yo Te Ame" | Luis Miguel |
| 6 | Jonathan Rios | "Vuelveme A Querer" | Cristian Castro |
|

* Jonathan, Javier and Jometh sang with MDO the songs "Otra Vez" and "No Queda Nada"
* Samuel and Karen sang with Objetivo Fama's second season 1st runner up, Azucena Salazar, the song "Terco Pero Sabroso"
* Cristina sang with Objetivo Fama's third season 4th runner up, Mary Ann Acevedo, the song "Fuera De Mi Vida"
* Yaindhi sang with Objetivo Fama's fourth season semifinalist, Frances Marrero, the song "Herida"
* Karen was chosen to leave the competition.

#### Thirteenth Show: May 3

The songs performed during the thirteenth show were:

| # | Contestant | Song Title | Original Performer |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Jometh Andujar | "Nada Se Compara Contigo" | Alvaro Torres |
| 2 | Samuel Colon | "Como Me Haces Falta" | Marco Antonio Solís |
| 3 | Jonathan Rios | "Por Amarte" | Pepe Aguilar |
| 4 | Cristina Eustace | "Siempre Seras Tu" | Whitney Houston |
| 5 | Yaindhi Alvarez | "Cucurrucucu Paloma" | Lola Beltrán |
| 6 | Javier Baerga | "La Puerta Se Cerro" | Luis Miguel |
| | |

* The show featured special presentations from Alexis & Fido and Manny Manuel
* Ex-contestants Ektor, Jayro, Gustavo and Victor sang together "Suavemente", from Elvis Crespo.
* Yuri and fifth season contestants, Cristina, Leonardo and Luis Javier sang together "Y Volver, Volver"
* Javier was chosen to leave the competition. He closed the show singing "La Puerta Se Cerro" by Luis Miguel

#### Fourteenth Show: May 10

The songs performed during the fourteenth show were:

| # | Contestant | Song Title | Original Performer |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Jonathan Rios | "No Me Quiero Enamorar" | Kalimba |
| | | "Buen Perdedor" | Franco De Vita |
| 2 | Yaindhi Alvarez | "Eclipse Total Del Amor" | Lissette |
| | | "Como Una Loba" | Valeria Lynch |
| 3 | Samuel Colon | "Que Lastima" | Alejandro Fernández |
| | | "Almohada" | José José |
| 4 | Cristina Eustace | "Me Muero" | La Quinta Estación |
| | | "La Gata Bajo La Lluvia" | Rocío Dúrcal |
| 5 | Jometh Andujar | "Si Ella Supiera" | Julian |
| | |

*Fue sorprendente que uno de los concursantes mas fuertes y con el paso mas firme de esta competencia se haya despedido esa noche, pues era de los que mas apoyo tenia en todas las galas y la mayor competencia de la concursante mas fuerte de esta edicion Cristina Eustace, fue impresionante para todo el mundo ver que al final de la gala 14 estaban los concursante mas duros, fuertes, versatiles y firmes de esta edicion y saber que una de ellos tendria que decir adios. Para muchos ESA escena debio haber sido la que se presentara en la final el 18 de mayo, Jometh Andujar y Cristina Eustace de la mano para saber cual de esos dos seria el TRIUNFADOR y no para que uno quedara excluido de la final. Exito a estas dos grandes estrellas!*

### Great Finale

#### Fifteenth Show: May 19

The great finale featured a red carpet where various celebrities marched on. All of the contestants, but one (19 in total) were present. Yaritza Rodriguez wasn't able to attend because of her mother's illness. The four finalists arrived on the back of convertible cars and signed autographs.

The show opened with the 4 finalists performing the song "Baila" from Kat DeLuna.

Each of the finalists performed two songs, one of them with one of their favorite celebrities. The songs performed during the finale were:

| # | Contestant | Song Title | Original Performer |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Samuel Colon | "Tantos Deseos De Ella" | Danny Rivera |
| | | "Donde Estara Mi Primavera" | with Iván López |
| 2 | Yaindhi Alvarez | "Asi No Te Amara Jamas" | Amanda Miguel |
| | | "Usted Abuso" | with Marlon Fernández |
| 3 | Jonathan Rios | "Contigo Aprendi" | Alejandro Fernández |
| | | "Que Sera" | with Erica Gonzaba |
| 4 | Cristina Eustace | "El Amor Que Sone" | Mariah Carey |
| | | "Como Yo Nadie Te Ha Amado" | with Juan Vélez |

The show also featured special presentations from reggaeton duo Wisin & Yandel and Mexican singer, Lucero.

In the end, the finalists and winner were announced as follows:

| # | Contestant | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **Cristina Eustace** | **33.37%** |
| 2 | Samuel Colon | 26.99% |
| 3 | Yaindhi Alvarez | 20.94% |
| 4 | Jonathan Rios | 18.70% |

## Controversies

Some controversies that surfaced during the season.

* Contestant Magdalena León was dumped by her boyfriend during the show when, allegedly, she kissed several contestants at the studio/house.
* Contestant Diana Mercado was heavily criticized by fellow contestants Luis Javier Chávez and Yaindhi Alvarez, for not performing their duets as rehearsed resulting in unfavorable evaluations to the latter.
* Some feuds between Puerto Rican contestants Jonathan Ríos and Jometh Andujar rose during the final weeks. These were due to Jonathan not waking up in time during a weekend the group had in a hotel.
* A week before the final show, Yuri, who had served as host of the show for the past three years, was surprisingly fired by the producers. Apparently, Univision wasn't happy with the fact that she wouldn't be on time for the rehearsals for the final show. She has denied this and has said that she found out about the decision through an e-mail.
* The same week, allegations of fixes in the results grew heavier when a television ad appeared on YouTube showing the four finalists, two weeks prior to their selection. The advertisement was part of a product campaign for PepsiCo and the producers of the show have denied providing them with any voting result.

## InfoBox

| *Objetivo Fama* | |
| --- | --- |
| Season 5 | |
|  | |
| Hosted by | Yuri |
| Judges |  |
| Winner | Cristina Eustace |
| Runner-up | Samuel Colón |
| Finals venue | Centro de Bellas Artes, Guaynabo |
|  | |
| Release | |
| Original network | Univision Puerto Rico |
| Original release | February 9 (2008-02-09) <br>May 18, 2008 (2008-05-18) |
| Season chronology | |


title: ONgoye Forest

abstract: oNgoye Forest, also known as Ngoye or Ngoya Forest, is an ancient coastal scarp forest, protected by the oNgoye Forest Reserve in South Africa's KwaZulu-Natal province. The forest of almost 4,000 ha covers an extensive granite ridge that rises from 200 to 460 metres above sea level. It is found some 10 km inland, or 16 km by road, from the coastal town of Mtunzini, and adjoins smaller forest reserves on its periphery, namely Impeshulu in the west, Ezigwayini in the north, and Dengweni in the south.

text:
# ONgoye Forest

**oNgoye Forest**, also known as **Ngoye** or **Ngoya Forest**, is an ancient coastal scarp forest, protected by the oNgoye Forest Reserve in South Africa's KwaZulu-Natal province. The forest of almost 4,000 ha covers an extensive granite ridge that rises from 200 to 460 metres above sea level. It is found some 10 km inland, or 16 km by road, from the coastal town of Mtunzini, and adjoins smaller forest reserves on its periphery, namely Impeshulu in the west, Ezigwayini in the north, and Dengweni in the south.

## History and status

The Zulu king Mpande is the first known person to have afforded protection to oNgoye Forest in the 1800s. Commercial logging occurred in the forest between 1909 and 1924.

The area became an official conservation area in 1992. Cattle grazing, crop cultivation and limited utilization of trees however occur in the protected area, and the edge of the forest is subjected to periodic burning which may reduce the forest area.

## Significance

This relict patch of transitional Afromontane-coastal forest is home to rare and endemic species.

It was home to the giant Wood's cycad which is extinct in the wild since the early 1900s, but the oNgoye dwarf cycad, Ground cycad and Natal grass cycad still occur.

It is home to the endemic race *ornatus* of the Red bush squirrel, the endemic race *woodwardi* of Woodward's barbet, two undescribed dwarf chameleons similar to the Qudeni dwarf chameleon, the rare Forest green butterfly and the oNgoye centipede.

This forest is an important breeding area for the Eastern bronze-naped pigeon and home to the endangered Spotted ground thrush. At least 165 species of birds have been identified in the area.

Rare trees include Giant umzimbeet, Forest mangosteen, Forest waterberry, Giant pock ironwood, Zulu bead-string, Natal krantz ash, Natal elm and the Pondo fig. Besides the Pondo fig, another six species of *Ficus* occur.

Bird species diversity and guild composition between the edge (5–10 m from the margin) of primary forest abutting grassland and the deep interior (above 500 m from the margin) in the Dngoye Forest Reserve were compared. Edge and interior sites were chosen that were homogeneous with respect to habitat physiognomy i.e. influences of habitat structure and complexity were insignificant. There were no statistical differences in bird species diversity between the forest edge and interior. However, there was significantly greater species turnover at the edge. The difference in bird species composition between the forest edge and interior was due to various edge-effects: removal of dead wood for firewood, soil compaction by cattle, and generally greater levels of disturbance. We question the wisdom of the generally applied edge-effect principle in the conservation of forest biodiversity. It was suggested that the principle be applied only once there has been critical appraisal of the extent, nature, and effect of an edge and a clear conservation objective with regard to forest birds.

## Bibliography

* Pooley, E. (1993). The Complete Field Guide to Trees of Natal, Zululand and Transkei, - ISBN 0-620-17697-0.
* Pooley, T. and Player, I. (1995). KwaZulu-Natal Wildlife Destinations. ISBN 1-86812-487-8.

28°50′48″S 31°43′56″E / 28.84667°S 31.73222°E / -28.84667; 31.73222

## InfoBox

| oNgoye Forest | |
| --- | --- |
| Last two stems of Wood's cycad at oNgoye Forest, early 1900s | |


title: O dia das calças roladas

abstract: O dia das calças roladas is a Capeverdean novel published in 1982 by Germano Almeida. The book was first published on Ilhéu Editora. The story is about an account of a strike that happened on the island of Santo Antão.

text:
# O dia das calças roladas

***O dia das calças roladas*** is a Capeverdean novel published in 1982 by Germano Almeida.

The book was first published on Ilhéu Editora. The story is about an account of a strike that happened on the island of Santo Antão.

## InfoBox

O dia das calças roladas
| 1999 paperback edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Germano Almeida |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Publisher | Ilhéu Editora |
| Publication date | 1982 |
| Publication place | Cape Verde |
| Published in English | 2004 |
| Media type | Print |
| Followed by | *The Last Will and Testament of Senhor da Silva Araújo* |


title: O du lieber Augustin

abstract: "O du lieber Augustin" is a popular Viennese song, first published about 1800. It is said to refer to the balladeer Marx Augustin and his brush with death in 1679. Augustin himself is sometimes named as the author, but the origin is unclear.

text:
# O du lieber Augustin

"**O du lieber Augustin**" ("Oh, you dear Augustin") is a popular Viennese song, first published about 1800. It is said to refer to the balladeer Marx Augustin and his brush with death in 1679. Augustin himself is sometimes named as the author, but the origin is unclear.

## Background

In 1679, Vienna was struck by the Great Plague and Augustin was a ballad singer and bagpiper, who toured the city's inns entertaining people. The Viennese people loved Augustin because of his charming humour in bitter times, and they called him *Lieber Augustin* (Dear Augustin).

According to legend, once he was drunk and on his way home he fell in the gutter and went to sleep. He was mistaken for a dead man by the gravediggers patrolling the city for dead bodies. They picked him up and threw him, along with his bagpipes which they presumed were infected, into a pit filled with bodies of plague victims outside the city walls. Next day when Augustin woke up, he was unable to get out of the deep mass grave. He was shocked and after a while he started to play his bagpipes, because he wanted to die the same way he lived. Finally people heard him and he was rescued. Luckily he remained healthy despite having slept with the infected dead bodies and Augustin became a symbol of hope for Viennese people.

The story, already rendered by the preacher Abraham a Sancta Clara (1644–1709), lives on in the song, which is still popular in Austria. The tune is nearly identical to that of "Did You Ever See a Lassie?" and "The More We Get Together", although "O du lieber Augustin" is longer and more melancholic than that song.

## Text

## Use in other musical works

During the classical era the song was a popular theme for variations. E.g. the composer Paul Wranitzky featured it in orchestral variations, in variations for xylophone, strings, trumpet and drums, and as the trio to the menuetto of his Symphony Op. 33, No 3. Johann Nepomuk Hummel wrote S 47, WoO 2 – Variations for orchestra on "O du lieber Augustin" in C major. The clarinettist and composer Anton Stadler used it in his first Caprice for solo clarinet.

The tune appears quoted (recognisably, but in a dissonant context) in the midst of the second movement of Arnold Schoenberg's second quartet, written a month before the height of Schoenberg's marital crisis. An additional significance attaches to the quotation in view of the quartet being the work in which Schoenberg decisively abandons the traditional key-system and embraces consistent atonality.

A Scots song, "Did You Ever See a Lassie?" is set to the same tune:

Did ye ever see a lassie, a lassie, a lassie
Did ye ever see a lassie gae this way and that?
Gae this way and that way, gae this way and that way,
Did ye ever see a lassie gae this way and that?"

In Estonia there is a whole family of stereotypical melodies, probably originated from the Estonian bagpipe-tunes of the 17th century at the latest. The kinship of the Estonian bagpipe dance tunes with the Augustin melody is clear, although verification of origin, in one way or another, is impossible due to the lack of written material. The Estonian Augustin-melody family includes, for example; "Puusaluu" (from Kihnu island), "Las aga mede vana Mari tulla" (from Tori), "Nüüd algavad noodilood" (from Muhu island) etc. Nowadays there is also known among Estonians a toast song, that is sung before drinking: "Selle peale vanad eestlased võtsid üks naps" (And upon that, the old Estonians took a schnapps).

The melody is also the base for: "The More We Get Together" a traditional American folk song and popular children's song dating to the 18th or 19th century.

Tom Lehrer quoted the song in his own song "Wernher von Braun" about the German-American rocket scientist of that name.

It was widely used and parodied in cartoons from the early 20th century, and is the melody of the children's folk song, "Hail to the Bus Driver".

The melody is also used in "Fat Turkeys", a children's song sung during the Thanksgiving season in Canada and the United States. Lyrics are:

Oh, gobble, gobble, gobble, fat turkeys, fat turkeys;
Oh, gobble, gobble, gobble, fat turkeys are we.
We walk very proudly and gobble so loudly,
Oh, gobble, gobble, gobble, fat turkeys are we.

Bing Crosby included the song in a medley on his 1961 album *101 Gang Songs*.

It appears at the end of the song "Spinning Wheel", written by David Clayton-Thomas and performed by Blood, Sweat & Tears.

The melody is also used in "Daar wordt aan de deur geklopt", a Dutch children's song for the celebration of Saint Nicholas Day.


title: Nütschau Priory

abstract: Nütschau Priory is a house of the Benedictine Order located at Travenbrück near Bad Oldesloe, Stormarn, Schleswig-Holstein in Germany.

text:
# Nütschau Priory

**Nütschau Priory** (in German **Kloster Nütschau** or **Priorat Sankt Ansgar**) is a house of the Benedictine Order located at Travenbrück near Bad Oldesloe, Stormarn, Schleswig-Holstein in Germany.

## History

Nütschau is the northernmost Benedictine monastery in Germany. Around 830 a castle was built on the Trave, surrounded and secured with an earth wall: the Nütschauer Schanze, part of a Carolingian fortification. In 1577 Heinrich Rantzau built the small moated castle, the "Castrum Nutzkow". The turret was added to the center gable in 1792.

The Benedictine house originated after World War II as a refuge for displaced persons, particularly Catholics from the former German territories. The church acquired the former Nütschau manor house (*Herrenhaus Nütschau*) in 1951 and at the request of Hermann Wilhelm Berning, the Bishop of Osnabrück, it was developed by and staffed from Gerleve Abbey. St. Ansgar's House (*Haus Sankt Ansgar*) opened in 1954, initially as a retreat house. In November 1960 the community was raised to the status of a priory under Gerleve. In 1965, Bishop Helmut Herrmann Wittler donated an Ansgar reliquary to the Nütschau monastery. The priory church of St. Ansgar was built in 1974, and in 1975 Nütschau became an independent monastery, which now includes a training house and a youth house.

Guided tours through the grounds and the manor house are available by appointment. The monks offer pilgrims on the "Way of St. James" and on the "Monk's Path" shelter for the night.

As of 2022, there were nineteen monks in residence. The priory is part of the Beuronese Congregation.

### Priors

**Under direct control of the Abbot of Gerleve:**

1951-60 Pius Buddenborg

**Priory of Gerleve Abbey**

1960-71 Amandus Eilermann 1971-75 Gaudentius Sauermann

**Independent priory**

1975-94 Gaudentius Sauermann 1994 Antonius Terstiege From 1994 Leo Overmeyer

53°49′21″N 10°19′36″E / 53.82250°N 10.32667°E / 53.82250; 10.32667


title: O.W.L. Society

abstract: The O.W.L. Society, also known as the O.W.L. Club, was founded in 1887 at the University of Virginia as a secret society devoted to the literary arts. Founded in 1887, the O.W.L. Society is the oldest secret society existing at the university today, though it has not been in continuous existence since its founding.

text:
# O.W.L. Society

**The O.W.L. Society**, also known as the **O.W.L. Club,** was founded in 1887 at the University of Virginia as a secret society devoted to the literary arts. Founded in 1887, the O.W.L. Society is the oldest secret society existing at the university today, though it has not been in continuous existence since its founding.

## Early history

Established in 1887, the original O.W.L. Club appears to have been a social group of influential University of VIrginia students. Among the society's founders was Thomas Longstreet Wood, a student active in literary pursuits, who later went on to publish *Arcade Echoes*, a compilation of the best student writing during his time at the university.

It was classified as a ribbon society, similar to Eli Banana and T.I.L.K.A., with which it shared a substantial number of common members. The O.W.L. also included many members of prominent fraternities, such as Delta Kappa Epsilon. The O.W.L. was accordingly regarded in fairly high respect, and definitely as a “good thing,” as the students of the day called something they approved of. Of the ribbon societies, the 1895 edition of the university's annual, *Corks and Curls*, ranked the O.W.L. just below Eli Banana and T.I.L.K.A. in terms of social prominence, and highly in terms of academic performance.

The O.W.L. members were identified in the *Corks and Curls* yearbook*,* but its proceedings, membership selection, and other activities were kept secret. The society operated on a single ball system in membership proceedings, that is, one vote in the negative from any member was sufficient to exclude a candidate from the Society. The Society remained small, never including more than eight members at one time.

On January 19, 1894, O.W.L reformed “in order to promote the literary spirit not merely in a narrow circle but in the whole College, the constitution was amended and the qualification for membership made honorary.” The society transformed from a social organization to one with both social and practical functions. Its membership was drawn from the ranks of editors of important University publications including the *Virginia University Magazine*, *College Topics*, and *Corks and Curls*.

### Dissolution

The O.W.L. began to fade from University life in the early 1920s and several brief attempts were made to revive the O.W.L. as a purely functional organization. In 1923, *College Topics* reported that the O.W.L. had “reorganized” and merged with Sigma Delta Chi, formerly the university's chapter of the national journalistic fraternity. *College Topics* noted that the new organization would “\[act\] as an unofficial group of students interested in student publications, gathered for the purpose of encouraging all journalistic activities at the University of Virginia.”

In 1928, the O.W.L. was again resurrected, this time with the purpose of sponsoring the satirical student publication known as *The Yellow Journal*, which was then facing considerable criticism from faculty and students for its practice of anonymous publication. During the years 1929 and 1930, the masthead of the *Yellow Journal* read, in part, “Sponsored by the OWLS (the damned fools).” After 1930, the O.W.L. was no longer mentioned in the masthead, and the journal ceased publication entirely in 1934.

The reason for the O.W.L.’s disappearance remains unclear, although numerous theories abound. One theory, published in the *Cavalier Daily* in 1968, asserts that the O.W.L. may have become what is now known as the Seven Society. The article suggests that the members of the O.W.L., taking to heart University President Edwin Alderman’s admonition that a more “beneficial” secret society be formed on grounds, began operating in greater secrecy under a new title. As the new organization gained prominence, the O.W.L. gradually became less relevant and was discontinued. The Seven Society's first public announcement, in 1915, coincided with the O.W.L.’s changing its heading in *Corks and Curls* from a secret society to a club. However, no hard evidence is known to exist to support this theory.

More likely, is that a combination of student apathy, increasing pressure from other social organizations, and financial hardship brought on by the Great Depression combined to cause the Society’s collapse. However, its demise also coincided with university funding of student organizations, reducing the need for one of O.W.L.'s primary function.

### Reorganization

On October 19, 2013, The O.W.L. Society announced its reorganization through a framed letter placed in three places: at the foot of the Aviator Statue outside Clemons Library, inside of Alderman Library, and in the mural hall of Clark Library. The letter stated, "We resurrect the O.W.L. to support, cultivate and enrich literary culture at the University of Virginia. We seek to recognize those who make excellent contributions to the literary life of the University of Virginia, to support their efforts, and to enliven the literary culture at the University." The group also sent an email stating that its reformation was stimulated *Corks & Curls* ceasing publication in 2009 and *The Cavalier Daily* going to a twice-weekly schedule.

## Symbols and traditions

In 1906, the society had two mottos, one Latin and one French. Its Latin motto is *"*De mortuis nil nisi bonum*"* which is translated as “Nothing but good about things past” or “Of the dead, nothing unless good.” In French, the motto is **La nuit porte conseil** which is translated as “The night brings sound counsel.”

## Activities

The O.W.L. Society presents faculty with a teaching award for "distinguished teaching of the written word at the University of Virginia".

## Membership

Historically, the society's members were editors of student publications; however, it no longer limits its members to this group.

## Notable members

Notable members of the O.W.L. include:

## InfoBox

| O.W.L. Society | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Founded | 1887 (1887)–1930 ?; 2013
University of Virginia |
| Type | Secret society |
| Affiliation | Independent |
| Status | Active |
| Emphasis | Literary arts |
| Scope | Local |
| Motto | **De mortuis nil nisi bonum** (“Nothing but good about things past” or “Of the dead, nothing unless good.”)
**La nuit porte conseil** (“The night brings sound counsel.”) |
| Publication | *Corks and Curls* |
| Chapters | 1 |
| Headquarters | Charlottesville, Virginia
United States |


title: O.Y.G Redrum 781

abstract: RedruM 781 was an American rapper from Inglewood, California. RedruM 781, Tweedy Bird Loc and producer Ronnie Phillips organized the hip hop project Bloods & Crips, a collaboration between Bloods and Crips members. He was a Piru gang member himself. redruM 781 is also known for his key role on "Bangin' on Wax", he and his fellow female MC Bloody Mary were the two key players for getting this particular Bangin' on Wax project off the ground. He was the cousin of the rapper Kurupt, with whom they had a long-time beef.

text:
# O.Y.G Redrum 781

**RedruM 781** (born **Jermaine Carter)** (July 22, 1972 - October 30, 2021) was an American rapper from Inglewood, California. RedruM 781, Tweedy Bird Loc and producer Ronnie Phillips organized the hip hop project Bloods & Crips, a collaboration between Bloods and Crips members. He was a Piru gang member himself. redruM 781 is also known for his key role on *"Bangin' on Wax"*, he and his fellow female MC Bloody Mary were the two key players for getting this particular Bangin' on Wax project off the ground. He was the cousin of the rapper Kurupt, with whom they had a long-time beef.

## History

Carter was born in Bronx, New York. He resided with his mother and young brother there until the age of 5, when he relocated to Inglewood, California with his family. Unfamiliar with their new surroundings and because of the infestation of drug dealers and addicts, pimps and prostitutes, hustlers, and gang-bangers, his mother feared when he and his young sibling would try to venture outside. Eventually his younger brother was initiated into the Avenue Piru Blood Gang (APG's, in Inglewood, CA); being fearful for his little brother's safety RedRum soon found himself being initiated into the same gang to protect his younger brother. He began to write and rhyme, to express his life experiences through his music. He actively started rapping when he attended Morningside High School, winning several talent shows and contests.

## Career

### Bloods and Crips

In 1993, *"Bangin' on Wax"* was a gangster music developed project by both the Bloods and the Crips. At first it seemed impossible that the two rival gangs would collaborate on a music project but the impossible happened. The music project was organized by Ronnie "Ron" Phillips and rappers redruM 781, Tweedy Bird Loc. Actual gang members from both sides auditioned on a tryout and the best ones were chosen for the project. The album was released in 1993 on Warlock Records and was a success selling over at many copies. There is also another album from the Bloods and the Crips on the Bangin' project titled *"Bangin' on Wax 2... The Saga Continues"*, which was released in 1994. After this CD, however, the rappers who appeared on the albums began recording separate albums for Warlock Records, under the group names Nationwide Rip Ridaz (Crips) and Damu Ridas I and II (Bloods). Unfortunately for some of the members of Bangin On Wax were incarcerated or have been killed in gang actions.

### Death Row Records and later career

O.Y.G. redruM 781 has shared the booth with rapper Tupac Shakur. During 1993–1994, he joined Death Row Records, the famous label known for artists such as Tupac, Snoop Dogg, Dr. Dre and DJ Quik. That time there gave him a great opportunity to grow in his music, making collaborations with all of these artists in the label directed by the infamous Marion Suge Knight. He has recently shared the stage with the world-famous Ice-T and Dilated Peoples. Redrum has done numerous collaborations with well known West Coast artists such as Kam, N.U.N.E., Big Wy and a big roster of rappers.

### Death

Carter died of bone cancer on October 30, 2021, at the age of 49. He is interred at Inglewood Park Cemetery.

## Discography

### Solo singles

| Year | Title | Album |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2014 | "Luv Neva Diez" | *Blood Transfusion* |

## Guest appearances in videos

* Piru Love
* Bangin' on Wax (Duet)
* Won't Stop Being A Blood
* Shot Kallas
* Piru'N

## InfoBox

| redruM 781 | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Jermaine Carter |
| Also known as | O.Y.G redruM 781, @Bighomierum |
| Born | (1972-07-22)July 22, 1972, Bronx, New York, U.S. |
| Origin | Inglewood, California, U.S. |
| Died | October 30, 2021(2021-10-30) (aged 49) |
| Genres | Hip hop |
| Occupations |  |
| Instrument | Vocals |
| Years active | 1992–2021 |
| Labels | Death Row (1993–1994)
Warlock Records
Come Get It Records LLC |
|  | |
| Website | www.oygredrum781.com |