title: Moon Over Hellesta

abstract: Moon Over Hellesta or Clouds Over Hellesta is a 1956 Swedish thriller film directed by Rolf Husberg and starring Anita Björk, Birger Malmsten and Doris Svedlund. It is an adaptation of the 1954 novel Clouds Over Hellesta by Margit Söderholm. It was shot at the Centrumateljéerna Studios in Stockholm. The film's sets were designed by the art director Nils Nilsson. Location shooting took place at the Danbyholm manor house near Katrineholm.

text:
# Moon Over Hellesta

***Moon Over Hellesta*** or ***Clouds Over Hellesta*** (Swedish: ***Moln över Hellesta***) is a 1956 Swedish thriller film directed by Rolf Husberg and starring Anita Björk, Birger Malmsten and Doris Svedlund. It is an adaptation of the 1954 novel *Clouds Over Hellesta* by Margit Söderholm.

It was shot at the Centrumateljéerna Studios in Stockholm. The film's sets were designed by the art director Nils Nilsson. Location shooting took place at the Danbyholm manor house near Katrineholm.

## Synopsis

A newly-engaged young woman travels to her future husband's country estate Hallesta, but becomes concerned about the manner in which his previous wife died.

## Main cast

## Bibliography

* Alfred Krawc. *International Directory of Cinematographers, Set- and Costume Designers in Film: Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden (from the beginnings to 1984)*. Saur, 1986.
* Per Olov Qvist & Peter von Bagh. *Guide to the Cinema of Sweden and Finland*. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000.

## InfoBox

| Moon Over Hellesta | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Rolf Husberg |
| Written by | Rolf Husberg |
| Based on | *Clouds Over Hellesta*
by Margit Söderholm |
| Produced by | Rune Waldekranz |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Rune Ericson |
| Edited by | Eric Nordemar |
| Music by | Torbjörn Lundquist |
| Production
company | Sandrews |
| Distributed by | Sandrew-Baumanfilm |
| Release date | * 24 November 1956 (1956-11-24) |
| Running time | 108 minutes |
| Country | Sweden |
| Language | Swedish |


title: Michałów, Gmina Koniecpol

abstract: Michałów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Koniecpol, within Częstochowa County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Koniecpol, 45 km (28 mi) east of Częstochowa, and 79 km (49 mi) north-east of the regional capital Katowice.

text:
# Michałów, Gmina Koniecpol

**Michałów** \[miˈxawuf\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Koniecpol, within Częstochowa County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Koniecpol, 45 km (28 mi) east of Częstochowa, and 79 km (49 mi) north-east of the regional capital Katowice.

## InfoBox

| Michałów | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Michałów | |
| Coordinates: 50°46′32″N 19°44′40″E / 50.77556°N 19.74444°E / 50.77556; 19.74444 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Silesian |
| County | Częstochowa |
| Gmina | Koniecpol |
| Population | 52 |


title: FiberHome

abstract: FiberHome Telecommunication Technologies Co., Ltd. is a major networking and telecommunication equipment provider in the People's Republic of China. Its headquarters is in Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei province, China. Founded in 1999, FiberHome Networks was one of the 8 affiliated companies and highly specializing on IP networks under the management of FiberHome Company. In May 2020, the U.S. Commerce Department's Bureau of Industry and Security said it was adding FiberHome to its Entity List of organizations subject to Export Administration Regulations governing exports and other transactions. The Commerce Department said FiberHome was complicit in alleged human rights abuses involving Muslim minority groups in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region (XUAR) in northwest China. U.S. companies will have to obtain special, hard-to-get licenses to do business with FiberHome.

text:
# FiberHome

**FiberHome Telecommunication Technologies Co., Ltd.** (Chinese: 烽火网络有限公司; pinyin: *fēnghuǒ wǎngluò yǒuxiàngōngsī*) is a major networking and telecommunication equipment provider in the People's Republic of China. Its headquarters is in Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei province, China. Founded in 1999, FiberHome Networks was one of the 8 affiliated companies and highly specializing on IP networks under the management of FiberHome Company.

In May 2020, the U.S. Commerce Department's Bureau of Industry and Security said it was adding FiberHome to its Entity List of organizations subject to Export Administration Regulations governing exports and other transactions. The Commerce Department said FiberHome was complicit in alleged human rights abuses involving Muslim minority groups in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region (XUAR) in northwest China. U.S. companies will have to obtain special, hard-to-get licenses to do business with FiberHome.

## InfoBox

FiberHome Telecommunication Technologies Co., Ltd.
| Company type | Public |
| --- | --- |
| Traded as | SSE: 600498 |
| Industry | Telecommunication |
| Predecessor | Wuhan Research Institute of Posts & Telecommunications |
| Founded | 1999 |
| Headquarters | Wuhan, People's Republic of China |
| Number of employees | over 22,000 (2013) |
| Website | www.fiberhome.com |


title: Pala Ganesh Temple

abstract: Pala Ganesh Temple is a Hindu temple of Lord Ganesh, situated near Gulab Bagh area in Udaipur. This temple was built around 500 years ago, and is considered one of the ancient temples of Lord Ganesh in Udaipur.

text:
# Pala Ganesh Temple

**Pala Ganesh Temple** is a Hindu temple of Lord Ganesh, situated near Gulab Bagh area in Udaipur. This temple was built around 500 years ago, and is considered one of the ancient temples of Lord Ganesh in Udaipur.

## General

It is situated near the junction point of Gulab Bagh, and Doodh Talai Lake. This temple is under control of Devasthan department. At the entrance, there is a large courtyard, with some seating capacity. Inside the temple, the statue of Lord Ganesh is kept inside a central shrine. There is sufficient space for deities to walk around the central shrine (called 'parikrama' of the lord). There are two gates to the main temple, one is called Riddhi Pole, which is usually the entrance gate and second one is Siddhi Pole, which is the exit.

## Access and Timings

The Pala Ganesh Temple is around 1 km from city center Surajpole, and 3.5 km from Udaipur City railway station. Visitors can take private vehicle, or a Taxi or Auto-Rikshaw to visit the place. This is located in between the Gulab Bagh and Zoo and Doodh Talai Lake, having its entrance adjacent to one of the parking stands of Gulab Bagh and Zoo.

## InfoBox

| Pala Ganesh Temple | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Hinduism |
| District | Udaipur district |
| Location | |
| Location | Udaipur |
| State | Rajasthan |
| Country | India |
| Location in Udaipur | |
| Geographic coordinates | 24°34′20.4593″N 73°41′14.8358″E / 24.572349806°N 73.687454389°E / 24.572349806; 73.687454389 |


title: Reliance Bank

abstract: Reliance Bank Limited, formerly known as The Salvation Army Bank, was founded in 1890 by William Booth. When Booth needed to attract investments to finance mortgages on property vital to the work of the movement, his response was to set up a bank.

text:
# Reliance Bank

**Reliance Bank Limited**, formerly known as The Salvation Army Bank, was founded in 1890 by William Booth. When Booth needed to attract investments to finance mortgages on property vital to the work of the movement, his response was to set up a bank.

## History

Founded by William Booth in 1890 as The Salvation Army Deposit Bank, the bank was registered in 1891 as The Salvation Army Bank. Out of the bank's expansion, grew the need for limited liability status and in 1901, The Salvation Army Bank became Reliance Bank Limited.

Today, the Salvation Army International Trustee Company still retain sole ownership of the bank and each year receive a share of the bank's allowable profits (a total of £12  million over the last 10 years). In addition to The Salvation Army it is also used by private customers, other churches, charities, and businesses.

The Reliance Bank is not a clearing bank and uses the National Westminster Bank to act as its agent in this respect. It is registered with the UK financial services regulator, the FCA.

In April 2021, Reliance Bank ceased offering Personal Current Accounts to new customers.

1. "Records of Reliance Bank, The Salvation Army's bank - Archives Hub". *archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk*. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
2. "Financial Conduct Authority"., registration number 204537.
3. "Personal Current Accounts".

## InfoBox

Reliance Bank Limited
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Financial services |
| Founded | 1892 |
| Headquarters | London, United Kingdom |
| Products | Financial services |
| Revenue | £10.2 million (2009) |
| Operating income | £4.1 million (2009) |
| Net income | £1.9 million (2009) |
| Number of employees | 23 (2009) |
| Parent | The Salvation Army International Trustee Company (51%)<br>The Salvation Army Trustee Company (49%) |
| Website | reliancebankltd.com |


title: Jerrawa Creek

abstract: The Jerrawa Creek, a watercourse that is part of the Lachlan sub-catchment of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the South West Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia.

text:
# Jerrawa Creek

The **Jerrawa Creek**, a watercourse that is part of the Lachlan sub-catchment of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the South West Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia.

## Course and features

The Jerrawa Creek (technically a river) rises on the slopes of the Great Dividing Range northwest of Gunning near the localities of Dixon and Jerrawa, and flows generally east by north, then north by east before reaching its confluence with the Lachlan River north of the locality of Dalton. The course of the creek is approximately 41 kilometres (25 mi).

## InfoBox

| Jerrawa | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of the Jerrawa Creek mouth in New South Wales | |
| Location | |
| Country | Australia |
| State | New South Wales |
| Region | South Eastern Highlands (IBRA), South West Slopes |
| LGA | Upper Lachlan |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | Great Dividing Range |
| location | near Dixon trigonometry station |
| coordinates | 34°46′25″S 148°3′10″E / 34.77361°S 148.05278°E / -34.77361; 148.05278 |
|  | |
| Mouth | confluence with Lachlan River |
| location | north of Dalton |
| coordinates | 34°39′44″S 149°10′34″E / 34.66222°S 149.17611°E / -34.66222; 149.17611 |
| Length | 41 km (25 mi) |
| Basin features | |
| River system | Lachlan sub-catchment,<br>Murray–Darling basin |
|  | |


title: Raincoat (film)

abstract: Raincoat is a 2004 Indian romantic drama film directed by Rituparno Ghosh, and starring Ajay Devgn and Aishwarya Rai. It tells the story of two lovers, separated by destiny, who meet again one day. This encounter allows each to realize the truth about the lives they are living. It is an adaptation of two short stories: Protihingsha and The Gift of the Magi. The shooting for the film was completed only in 16 days. The film won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi, and Aishwarya Rai was nominated for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress. It is often dubbed a modern cult classic.

text:
# Raincoat (film)

***Raincoat*** is a 2004 Indian romantic drama film directed by Rituparno Ghosh, and starring Ajay Devgn and Aishwarya Rai. It tells the story of two lovers, separated by destiny, who meet again one day. This encounter allows each to realize the truth about the lives they are living. It is an adaptation of two short stories: *Protihingsha* (by Manoj Basu) and *The Gift of the Magi* (by O. Henry).

The shooting for the film was completed only in 16 days. The film won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi, and Aishwarya Rai was nominated for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress. It is often dubbed a modern cult classic.

## Plot

Manoj is a countryman with very little money who lives in Bhagalpur. He has recently lost his job and ventures to start a business of his own. He goes to the city to see if he can arrange some money. While there, he stays with two friends, Alok and Sheela, who are very helpful in his desperate quest to find money. Alok makes some phone calls and writes a letter for him to send to his former classmates. The letter explains Manoj's plight and asks for any money to spare. Manoj, ashamed, tells Alok to forget the letter and that he will go out the next day and ask for money personally.

The next morning, Alok tells about his career. He has gotten quite wealthy as a producer for TV serials. Also, as a part of a diet, he has Herbalife for breakfast. Manoj asks Alok about an address that he plans to stop at while looking for money that day, and the address turns out to be of a woman that Manoj was supposed to marry but married another. Alok remembers what he had to go through to get Manoj over her and insists he not go there and upset himself. Sheela tells Alok not to get so angry and let Manoj go where he pleases. The woman is supposed to be quite wealthy, and Manoj hopes not only to see her again (for the first time since her marriage), but perhaps to get some money as well. Alok finally backs off.

To prepare Manoj for his journey out in the pouring rain, Alok gives him an address book of the people he may be able to collect money from, while Sheela gives Manoj a mobile phone, teaches him to use it, and a raincoat to keep him dry. On his journey, Manoj manages to collect 12,000 rupees before stopping at the home of his lost love, Neerja. Being there, he gets a memory of being a doorstep before, when they were together and happy, but is interrupted by Neerja's voice. She doesn't believe it is really him at first, and it takes quite a while to open the door. When she does, she tells him that she fell asleep and warmly invites him to stay and sit until the rain stops. There is no one home. Neerja's husband is away, and the servants are out playing cards.

While sitting, she tells him that he has changed. His hair is missing; he's gotten dark and lost weight. He asks for her to switch on a light so he can see her better, because she does not look well, and she leaves, but forbids him to follow her in the rest of the house. She brings the light and shows her face, free of bruises or black eyes, and assures him that her husband really loves her. He asks her why she wears such an expensive sari around the house, and she says it would just sit there otherwise since she never leaves the house. Neerja is very paranoid. She never opens the door for fear of burglars in her dangerous town coming to invade her wealthy home. She says her husband is away to Japan on business and offered her to come but refused because of a fear of being locked in a bathroom and not knowing English. Manoj laughs and tells her she hasn't changed a bit.

The doorbell soon rings, and Manoj insists on answering it. Neerja gets very afraid and urges him to let it be because she doesn't want to be seen home alone with another man while her husband is away and for word to get to him. He starts to answer the door anyway, and she gets very upset, so he sits down. Manoj has a flashback of him getting very sick when he hears of Neerja's marriage. He was still very much in love with her at the time.

Later, Neerja asks what Manoj does for a living, and he says that he produces serials. In fact, he is the owner of the company. He tells her that he and his mother live in a two-story apartment and that she should visit some time. Of course, this is far from true; he has a flashback of him bringing his mother a portable toilet, just so she won't have to walk far to use it. Neerja asks if he is married, and he hints that his mother has a girl set up. Neerja doesn't seem pleased.

Another flashback reveals that, although very sick from a fever, Manoj had an outburst about Neerja's engagement, demanding it be broken off. He tells her that he can support her; he'll find a way. Back in the present, Sheela calls him on his mobile to see how he is and if he has eaten. When Neerja asks who it was, he says that it was his secretary. Neerja asks about her looks and her knowledge, and when Manoj tells her she's pretty and fluent in English, she becomes jealous. She accuses him of flirting when she asks if he has eaten, then realizes she has neglected to feed him. He says that there's no need, and he takes Herbalife, but she insists on going out to get him food, for the food in the house she doesn't think he'll like. She tells him to answer the door for no one, takes his raincoat, and leaves.

While she is gone, he has a flashback of her engagement and him begging her one last time not to marry and to stay with him. It is interrupted by a man at the window, begging to be let in to use the bathroom. Manoj reluctantly lets him in, but after he uses it, he refuses to leave. Suspicious, Manoj confronts him, and he reveals that he is the landlord. The landlord mistakes Manoj to be a renter of the space, and Manoj asks him why a couple so rich would need to rent. The landlord then reveals that Neerja and her husband are not rich at all. In fact, they are close to being evicted from their home for lack of paying rent. The landlord even shows Manoj the bathroom, which he was refused access to, and sees how empty and dirty it is—like the bathroom of a very poor family. He is confused, for he remembers when Neerja got married, the wedding was very expensive, and her husband has a very nice job. The landlord reveals that he lost it in a scam and has been a conman ever since, scamming others for money, the reason he is not home. And the reason Neerja never opens the door is for fear of bill collectors and those who want to throw them out of their home. Very alarmed, Manoj gives the landlord the 12,000 rupees he had collected to pay three months' rent and makes the man promise not to throw her out immediately. And to call him if he ever does reach such a decision. The landlord leaves.

Manoj writes her a letter telling her that he now knows the truth and what he has done to help her. He also says that had they been married, he would have done so anyway. He puts the letter under a sofa cover. Neerja returns and says that the shopkeeper was sleeping and she had to wake him up, which is why she took so long. He eats the food she brought and continues to lie about his profession and lifestyle while she grows upset. She says that she feels trapped in the house and that she wants to go far away, even if she gets stuck in the airplane bathroom. Manoj says that even if that were to happen, someone like him would be there to let her out. She doesn't want to be given false hope and starts to cry. He comforts her, and she sits down and continues to ask about his business. She also tells him that they are going to be moving into a bigger house and that he should come to visit when he returns. He eventually asks to wash his hands after eating, and, once again, she refuses him to see the rest of the house and goes to get him a finger bowl. He rinses off his hands and wipes them on the sofa cover, which Neerja scolds him for. He apologizes and he tells her to have it washed.

Manoj returns to Alok and Sheela, and Alok is quite upset to hear that Manoj managed to lose all of the money he collected, but Sheela calms him down. Before Manoj goes to sleep that night, Sheela comes into his room to give him a letter she said she found in the pocket of the raincoat. In the envelope are golden bangles along with a letter. Confused, Manoj reads the letter, which is from Neerja, saying that she is glad he let her borrow the raincoat that day because she found the letter in the pocket of it, the letter begging his friends for the money he came to Calcutta for. She scolds him for not telling her about his troubles but tells him that she's giving him her jewelry to help him out. She says that if they had gotten married instead, he never would have refused to take her jewelry.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

Debajyoti Mishra experimented with the music of the film. The songs are all background numbers. Famous classical singer Shubha Mudgal lends her voice for the title track. Songs are listed below.

The song "Piya Tora Kaisa Abhimaan" is sung by Raghab Chatterjee and not by Hariharan. Hariharan had recorded this song for the film but the picturisation of this song is by Raghab Chatterjee.

| Raincoat | |
| --- | --- |
| Soundtrack album by Debojyoti Mishra | |
| Released | 2004 |
| Recorded | 2004 |
| Studio | Shree Venkatesh Films |
| Genre | Film soundtrack |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Raincoat* | |
|  | |

All music is composed by Debojyoti Mishra

| No. | Title | Lyrics | Singer | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Piya Tora Kaisa Abhiman" (Female) | Gulzar | Shubha Mudgal | 2:40 |
| 2. | "Mathura Nagarpati" | Rituparno Ghosh | Shubha Mudgal | 2:33 |
| 3. | "Raha Dekhe" | Rituparno Ghosh | Shubha Mudgal | 2:30 |
| 4. | "Hamari Galiyan Hoke Aana" | Rituparno Ghosh | Meena Mishra | 1:41 |
| 5. | "Piya Tora Kaisa Abhiman" (Male) | Gulzar | Hariharan |  |
| 6. | "Piya Tora Kaisa Abhiman" (Film version) | Gulzar | Raghab Chatterjee |  |
| 7. | "Akele Hum Nadiya Kinare" | Rituparno Ghosh | Shubha Mudgal | 2:06 |
| 8. | "Jug Jiye" | Rituparno Ghosh | Meena Mishra |  |
| 9. | "Humari Galiyan Hoke Aana" (Sad) | Rituparno Ghosh | Meena Mishra |  |

## Critical response

The Times Of India gave a three stars out of five. Rediff cited "Some films attempt to showcase a series of wonderful moments and tend to go overboard. *Raincoat* captures just one poignant moment and tells it as simply it can, leaving you with a wow. For someone heralded as the most beautiful woman in the world, Aishwarya Rai looks terrifyingly depressing in the film. Her Neeru looks cynical to the point of suicide. And that's a compliment. Her body language is a strange mix of a passive housewife and a passionate girlfriend. Though the effort to sound rustic shows, the restraint in her dialogue delivery and performance is commendable. Hesitation, desperation, humiliation -- Ajay Devgan conveys them eloquently. He particularly stands out in the scenes where he cries in the bathroom, or begs Neeru not to marry someone else".

The Hindu stated "*Raincoat*... essentially a chamber piece, it weaves a narrative with just two characters in most of the frames. *Raincoat* can easily be Aishwarya Rai's best performance, and as Neerja, the former beauty queen appears to have shed her inhibitions about looking unglamorous. In fact, most of time, Rai looks quite plain. What is more, she seems to have made an earnest effort to emote, using less of her body and limbs and more of her face, and eyes in particular. Ajay Devagan as Manoj is Devagan, as we have seen him in an umpteen number of parts earlier, although Ghosh draws the actor out of a certain woodenness that he is known for".

Taran Adarsh of Bollywood Hungama said "On the whole, *Raincoat* will appeal to a handful of critics and connoisseurs of art house cinema who'll heap lavish praises/lustrous words, but from the box-office point of view, *Raincoat* will face stormy weather at the ticket window".

Derek Elley from Variety (magazine) described it as "*Raincoat* is a chamber-sized gem. Melancholic, rainy afternoon drama, almost entirely set in a single house, features meaty roles for two of Indian cinema's biggest stars, Aishwarya Rai and Ajay Devgan, in very different guises from their usual Bollywood ones. Though pic is unlikely to score big locally when it goes out in August against more commercial heavy-hitters like *Swades* and *The Rising*, *Raincoat* could build a solid rep at fests, with some pickups by specialized webs and niche distribs. As in Ghosh's previous pic, "Chokher Bali: A Passion Play" (2003), Rai reveals herself as a considerable actress given the right script and direction, far from the comic-romantic roles in most of her Bollywood productions. Shunning her usual immaculate makeup and duds, and looking more like a broken, malfunctioning doll, she makes Niru a mixture of child and temptress/charmer, driven by capricious moods and clearly unhappy inside. It's the showier of the two perfs, but Devgan, in ultra low-key mode, is equally impressive, especially in the latter stages as his great love for the woman he once knew reveals itself in an act of charity".

## Box office

Raincoat grossed 48.76 million worldwide. The film was a commercial failure at the box office.

## Accolades

| Year | Award | Category | Recipient(s) | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2004 | Karlovy Vary International Film Festival | Crystal Globe | Rituparno Ghosh | Nominated |
| 2005 | National Film Awards | Best Feature Film in Hindi | Rituparno Ghosh & Shree Venkatesh Films | Won |
| | Filmfare Awards | Best Actress | Aishwarya Rai | Nominated |
| | Screen Awards | | Best Actress | Nominated |
| | Zee Cine Awards | | Best Actress (Critics) | Won |

## InfoBox

| Raincoat | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Rituparno Ghosh |
| Written by | Rituparno Ghosh
Usha Ganguly |
| Based on | *The Gift of the Magi*
by O Henry |
| Produced by | Shree Venkatesh Films |
| Starring | Ajay Devgn
Aishwarya Rai
Annu Kapoor
Mouli Ganguly
Surekha Sikri |
| Cinematography | Avik Mukhopadhyay |
| Edited by | Arghakamal Mitra |
| Music by | Debajyoti Mishra |
| Distributed by | Shree Venkatesh Films |
| Release date | * 24 December 2004 (2004-12-24) |
| Running time | 120 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Hindi |
| Budget | 50 million |
| Box office | 48.76 million |


title: Young Chimodzi

abstract: Young Chimodzi is a Malawian football manager and former player. A defender, he made 159 appearances for the Malawi national team and won a bronze medal with Malawi at the 1987 All-Africa Games in Nairobi. At club level he played for Silver Strikers FC, captaining the team until 1999. He later managed the Malawi national team between 1999 and 2000, and later again between January 2014 and June 2015.

text:
# Young Chimodzi

**Young Chimodzi** (born 1 August 1961) is a Malawian football manager and former player. A defender, he made 159 appearances for the Malawi national team and won a bronze medal with Malawi at the 1987 All-Africa Games in Nairobi. At club level he played for Silver Strikers FC, captaining the team until 1999.

He later managed the Malawi national team between 1999 and 2000, and later again between January 2014 and June 2015.

Young Chimodzi at National-Football-Teams.com

## InfoBox

Young Chimodzi
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1961-08-01) 1 August 1961 | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| ?–1999 | Silver Strikers FC |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1979–1995 | Malawi | 159 | (13) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 1999–2000 | Malawi | | |
| 2014–2015 | Malawi | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Michal Neuvirth

abstract: Michal Neuvirth is a Czech former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played for the Washington Capitals, New York Islanders, Buffalo Sabres, and Philadelphia Flyers in the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected 34th overall by the Washington Capitals in the second round of the 2006 NHL Entry Draft.

text:
# Michal Neuvirth

**Michal Neuvirth** (/ˈnɔɪvɪərt/ *NOY-veert*, Czech: \[ˈmɪxal ˈnojvɪrt\]; born 23 March 1988) is a Czech former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played for the Washington Capitals, New York Islanders, Buffalo Sabres, and Philadelphia Flyers in the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected 34th overall by the Washington Capitals in the second round of the 2006 NHL Entry Draft.

## Playing career

### Junior

After being drafted into the NHL by the Capitals, Neuvirth began a two-year major junior career in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). He began with the Plymouth Whalers in 2006–07 before being traded on 13 November 2007, to the Windsor Spitfires, along with defenceman Tom Kane and a fourth-round draft pick in 2009 in exchange for defenceman Michal Jordán, goaltender Matt Hackett, a 2008 second-round draft pick and a third-round pick in 2009. After spending less than half a season with the Spitfires, he was traded yet again on 8 January 2008, to the Oshawa Generals along with Ryan Baldwin for forward Justin Shugg, goaltender Jakub Kovář and second-round picks in 2008 and 2011.

### Professional

#### Washington Capitals

Neuvirth turned pro in 2008–09 with the South Carolina Stingrays, the Capitals' ECHL affiliate. During his short stint with the Stingrays, he was named to the 2009 ECHL All-Star Game for the American Conference. He was called up to the Hershey Bears of the American Hockey League (AHL) during the season and, before long, received his first NHL call-up to the Capitals when starting goaltender Semyon Varlamov was sidelined due to injury. He made his NHL debut on 14 February 2009, against the Tampa Bay Lightning. Making 31 saves, including a breakaway glove save on Vincent Lecavalier, Neuvirth backstopped the Capitals to a 5–1 victory for his first NHL win. He then played in his Capitals home debut on 26 February against the Atlanta Thrashers, recording another win with a 21-save effort. He finished the season appearing in five games total for the Capitals with a 2–1 record and 3.00 goals against average (GAA).

After being returned to the Bears, Neuvirth helped his team to the 2009 Calder Cup finals. He recorded a shutout in Game 3 for the Bears to take a 2–1 series lead against the Manitoba Moose. Neuvirth then went on with the Hershey Bears to win the 2009 Calder Cup, earning MVP honors after his Game 6 win. Neuvirth went 16–6 in the playoffs and finished the post-season with a 1.92 GAA, topping Frédéric Cassivi's previous AHL playoff best of 2.10 GAA.

After helping the Bears to the back-to-back Calder Cups in 2010, Neuvirth was named the starting goaltender of the Capitals' season opener on 8 October against Atlanta, in which he made 27 saves in a 4–2 loss. Neuvirth would go on to beat out Semyon Varlamov for the starting position for the entire season. Despite a solid season as Washington's starter and an adequate playoff performance, Washington would demote Neuvirth to backup goaltender status to make way for Tomáš Vokoun, trading away incumbent backup Varlamov to the Colorado Avalanche in the process. Vokoun's run as Washington's starter only lasted one season, however, and he was injured before the playoffs began. Unfortunately for Neuvirth, he himself was also injured, allowing third goaltender Braden Holtby to start Game 1 of the first round series against the Boston Bruins. Even though Neuvirth managed to return to health in time for Game 3, Holtby went on to start for the duration of Washington's playoff run in 2012. In the off-season, Vokoun left to take the backup goaltender job with the Pittsburgh Penguins. New Capitals head coach Adam Oates then confirmed Holtby as the new starting goaltender of the Washington Capitals during training camp, but failed to rule out Neuvirth reclaiming the starter's role if he were to outplay Holtby.

#### Buffalo Sabres

On 5 March 2014, Neuvirth was traded by the Capitals, along with Rostislav Klesla, to the Buffalo Sabres in exchange for Jaroslav Halák and a third round pick. Neuvirth closed out the season with an (0-2-0) record. The next season, Neuvirth posted a record of (6-17-3).

#### New York Islanders

Almost one year later, on 2 March 2015, Neuvirth was traded by the Sabres to the New York Islanders in exchange for Chad Johnson and a third-round draft pick. Neuvirth recorded a (1-3-1) record with the Islanders.

#### Philadelphia Flyers

On 1 July 2015, Neuvirth signed a two-year contract as a free agent with the Philadelphia Flyers, to serve as a backup to Steve Mason.

On 1 April 2017, Neuvirth suddenly collapsed on the ice during a game against the New Jersey Devils while there was a stoppage in play at 7:37 of the first period. He was rushed to a nearby hospital after being taken off the ice on a stretcher. Backup goaltender Anthony Stolarz replaced Neuvirth for the rest of the game, which the Flyers won 3–0. The Flyers announced the next afternoon he had been released from the hospital and all tests were normal.

#### Later years

After four seasons under contract with the Flyers, Neuvirth left as a free agent following an injury-plagued 2018–19 season. Unable to secure an NHL contract, Neuvirth agreed to an invitation to attend the Toronto Maple Leafs' training camp on a professional tryout (PTO) contract on 22 July 2019.

On 24 September, Toronto released Neuvirth from his PTO contract. As a free agent, Neuvirth sat out the majority of the season before signing a one-year contract in returning to the Czech Republic for the remainder of the year with hometown club, HC Sparta Praha of the ELH, on 23 January 2020. Neuvirth was unable to make any appearances with the club despite being contracted with Sparta over the next two seasons due to lingering injury problems.

## Records

* 2009 – Calder Cup Playoffs record; single-playoffs goals against average - 1.92 GAA (surpassed Frédéric Cassivi, 2.10 GAA)

## Personal life

Neuvirth married Monika Hybnerova in June 2014, but the couple divorced in July 2015.

On 29 May 2018, Neuvirth married Czech musician Karolina Gudasová, the sister of former Philadelphia Flyers teammate Radko Gudas. He and Gudasová have two children together.

## Career statistics

### Regular season and playoffs

|  | | |  | Regular season | | | | | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP | W | L | T/OT | Min | GA | SO | GAA | SV% | | GP | W | L | Min | GA | SO | GAA | SV% |
| 2006–07 | Plymouth Whalers | OHL | | 41 | 26 | 8 | 4 | 2223 | 86 | 4 | 2.32 | .932 | | 18 | 14 | 3 | 1080 | 44 | 0 | 2.45 | .932 |
| 2007–08 | Plymouth Whalers | OHL | | 10 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 600 | 26 | 0 | 2.60 | .928 | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2007–08 | Windsor Spitfires | OHL | | 8 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 482 | 17 | 0 | 2.12 | .918 | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2007–08 | Oshawa Generals | OHL | | 15 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 844 | 57 | 0 | 4.05 | .898 | | 9 | 7 | 2 | 507 | 21 | 0 | 2.48 | .932 |
| 2008–09 | South Carolina Stingrays | ECHL | | 13 | 6 | 7 | 0 | 762 | 29 | 2 | 2.28 | .918 | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2008–09 | Hershey Bears | AHL | | 17 | 9 | 5 | 2 | 1001 | 45 | 1 | 2.70 | .913 | | 22 | 16 | 6 | 1346 | 43 | 4 | 1.92 | .932 |
| 2008–09 | Washington Capitals | NHL | | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 220 | 11 | 0 | 3.00 | .892 | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2009–10 | Hershey Bears | AHL | | 22 | 15 | 6 | 0 | 1231 | 46 | 1 | 2.24 | .919 | | 18 | 14 | 4 | 1133 | 39 | 1 | 2.07 | .920 |
| 2009–10 | Washington Capitals | NHL | | 17 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 872 | 40 | 0 | 2.75 | .914 | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2010–11 | Washington Capitals | NHL | | 48 | 27 | 12 | 4 | 2689 | 110 | 4 | 2.45 | .914 | | 9 | 4 | 5 | 590 | 23 | 1 | 2.34 | .912 |
| 2011–12 | Washington Capitals | NHL | | 38 | 13 | 13 | 5 | 2020 | 95 | 3 | 2.82 | .902 | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2012–13 | HC Sparta Praha | ELH | | 24 | 11 | 13 | 0 | 1342 | 55 | 1 | 2.46 | .926 | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2012–13 | Washington Capitals | NHL | | 13 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 723 | 33 | 0 | 2.74 | .910 | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2013–14 | Washington Capitals | NHL | | 13 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 767 | 36 | 0 | 2.82 | .914 | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2013–14 | Hershey Bears | AHL | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 60 | 4 | 0 | 4.02 | .892 | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2013–14 | Buffalo Sabres | NHL | | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 117 | 5 | 0 | 2.56 | .949 | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2014–15 | Buffalo Sabres | NHL | | 27 | 6 | 17 | 3 | 1544 | 77 | 0 | 2.99 | .918 | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2014–15 | New York Islanders | NHL | | 5 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 306 | 15 | 0 | 2.94 | .881 | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 1.000 |
| 2015–16 | Philadelphia Flyers | NHL | | 32 | 18 | 8 | 4 | 1826 | 69 | 3 | 2.27 | .924 | | 3 | 2 | 1 | 178 | 2 | 1 | 0.67 | .981 |
| 2016–17 | Philadelphia Flyers | NHL | | 28 | 11 | 11 | 1 | 1364 | 64 | 0 | 2.82 | .891 | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2017–18 | Philadelphia Flyers | NHL | | 22 | 8 | 7 | 3 | 1039 | 45 | 1 | 2.60 | .915 | | 3 | 1 | 1 | 150 | 11 | 0 | 4.40 | .847 |
| 2018–19 | Lehigh Valley Phantoms | AHL | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 60 | 3 | 0 | 3.00 | .912 | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2018–19 | Philadelphia Flyers | NHL | | 7 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 366 | 26 | 0 | 4.27 | .859 | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| NHL totals | | | | 257 | 105 | 93 | 26 | 13,852 | 626 | 11 | 2.71 | .910 | | 16 | 7 | 7 | 930 | 36 | 2 | 2.32 | .919 |

## Awards and honours

| Award | Year |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| OHL | | |
| Dinty Moore Trophy (2.32) | 2007 |  |
| Dave Pinkney Trophy | 2007 |  |
| Second All-Rookie Team | 2007 |  |
| Second All-Star Team | 2007 |  |
| ECHL | | |
| All-Star Game | 2009 |  |
| AHL | | |
| Jack A. Butterfield Trophy | 2009 |  |
| Calder Cup (Hershey Bears) | 2009, 2010 |  |
| NHL | | |
| Rookie of the Month (October) | 2010 |  |

## InfoBox

| Michal Neuvirth | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Neuvirth with the New York Islanders in 2015 | | | |
| Born | (1988-03-23) 23 March 1988
Ústí nad Labem, Czechoslovakia | | |
| Height | 6 ft 1 in (185 cm) | | |
| Weight | 202 lb (92 kg; 14 st 6 lb) | | |
| Position | Goaltender | | |
| Caught | Left | | |
| Played for | Washington Capitals
HC Sparta Praha
Buffalo Sabres
New York Islanders
Philadelphia Flyers | | |
| National team | Czech Republic | | |
| NHL draft | 34th overall, 2006
Washington Capitals | | |
| Playing career | 20082019 | | |


title: William Horace Hotchkiss

abstract: William Horace Hotchkiss was an author of legal textbooks on bankruptcy law and Superintendent of Insurance for the State of New York.

text:
# William Horace Hotchkiss

**William Horace Hotchkiss** (September 7, 1864  June 6, 1950) was an author of legal textbooks on bankruptcy law and Superintendent of Insurance for the State of New York.

## Biography

Hotchkiss was born in Whitehall, New York, on September 7, 1864, the son of Mason King Hotchkiss and Rachel Amanda Merriam Hotchkiss. He attended schools in Albany and graduated from Hamilton College in 1886. Upon leaving college he read law with the Hon. John D. Teller of Auburn, New York, and acted as Clerk of the Surrogate's Court of Cayuga County, New York from 1887 to 1889. In 1888, he was admitted to the New York State Bar Association.

In 1891, he went to Buffalo, New York and engaged there in the practice of the law. In 1895, he married Miss Katherine Tremain Bush, of Ithaca, New York. They had two surviving daughters, Katherine and Emily.

He was appointed Referee in Bankruptcy in 1898 and was reappointed in 1900 and served in that capacity up to the time of his appointment as Superintendent of Insurance. He was regarded as an authority on bankruptcy laws and was president of the National Association of Referees in Bankruptcy. He was a lecturer on bankruptcy laws in law schools of Buffalo and New York, and in Cornell University.

In 1907, Charles Evans Hughes appointed him a Commissioner for the Promotion of Uniformity of Legislation in the United States.

With other Buffalo Republicans he made an inquiry regarding the operation of the primary election law of the State of New York and a report was drawn up which led to the introduction of a bill in the Legislature concerning the subject. In 1899, in association with Elihu Root and Paul D. Cravath of New York, Hotchkiss prepared the Primary Election Law of 1899.

He was President of the American Automobile Association, the New York State Automobile Association and of the Buffalo Automobile Club. He prepared the automobile law of the State.

Hotchkiss died on June 6, 1950, and is buried in Kensico Cemetery, Valhalla, Westchester County, New York.


title: Micrasterias

abstract: Micrasterias is a unicellular green alga of the order Desmidiales. Its species vary in size reaching up to hundreds of microns. Micrasterias displays a bilateral symmetry, with two mirror image semi-cells joined by a narrow isthmus containing the nucleus of the organism. This dual semi-cell structure is unique to the group of green algae to which Micrasterias belongs. Each semi-cell contains a single large chloroplast, the site of photosynthesis for Micrasterias. Chloroplasts within Micrasterias contain chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b and the enzymes required for photosynthesis. The sugar created is used to provide energy for the organism or, if not used, taken up by many small round pyrenoids which are embedded in the chloroplast. They convert the sugar to a starch for storage. Micrasterias can produce both asexually and sexually. Asexual reproduction occurs via mitosis. When this occurs the genetic material of Micrasterias is duplicated and two small semi-cells grow between the original semi-cells, gradually increasing in size. Sexual reproduction occurs through a process called conjugation whereby two organisms come together and fuse their haploid cells to form a diploid zygote. This zygote typically forms a thick protective wall which can allow the organism to remain dormant for many months to survive cold winters and long droughts. When adequate conditions resume, the zygospore will germinate, undergo meiosis, and produce new haploid algal cells.

text:
# Micrasterias

***Micrasterias*** is a unicellular green alga of the order Desmidiales. Its species vary in size reaching up to hundreds of microns.

*Micrasterias* displays a bilateral symmetry, with two mirror image semi-cells joined by a narrow isthmus containing the nucleus of the organism. This dual semi-cell structure is unique to the group of green algae to which *Micrasterias* belongs. Each semi-cell contains a single large chloroplast, the site of photosynthesis for *Micrasterias*. Chloroplasts within Micrasterias contain chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b and the enzymes required for photosynthesis. The sugar created is used to provide energy for the organism or, if not used, taken up by many small round pyrenoids which are embedded in the chloroplast. They convert the sugar to a starch for storage.

*Micrasterias* can produce both asexually and sexually. Asexual reproduction occurs via mitosis. When this occurs the genetic material of *Micrasterias* is duplicated and two small semi-cells grow between the original semi-cells, gradually increasing in size. Sexual reproduction occurs through a process called conjugation whereby two organisms come together and fuse their haploid cells to form a diploid zygote. This zygote typically forms a thick protective wall which can allow the organism to remain dormant for many months to survive cold winters and long droughts. When adequate conditions resume, the zygospore will germinate, undergo meiosis, and produce new haploid algal cells.

## Description

*Micrasterias* species are symmetrical and generally consist of two flattened, identical portions called semicells that are almost entirely filled with chloroplasts, with a nucleus that lies at the center where the two semicells are joined together. The gaps between the two semicells are joined by an isthmus. Each semicell is further divided into a polar lobe and two lateral lobes. These lobes can be further subdivided up to the fourth order. Some species, such as *Micrasterias laticeps*, have a very different morphology, with unbranched lobes. Except for a single filament-forming species, *Micrasterias foliacea*, it is found as single cells. As is common in the green algae, the chloroplasts of *Micrasterias* contain pyrenoids.

Two species of *Micrasterias* have different morphologies to species traditionally placed in this genus, but molecular phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that they are embedded within *Micrasterias*. *Micrasterias ralfsii* (formerly classified as *Cosmarium ralfsii*) has no lobes, and the cells are smoothly ellipsoidal in outline. *Micrasterias dickiei* (formerly classified as *Staurodesmus dickiei*) is triradiate in polar view instead of flattened, and has three spines on each semicell.

### Similar genera

*Micrasterias* is generally easy to identify due to its shape and typically large size.

The genus *Pseudomicrasterias* has been split off from the genus *Micrasterias*, and as of 2023, contains 2 species, formerly known as *Micrasterias arcuata*. They have a similar morphology to the simpler species of *Micrasterias*, but molecular phylogenetic analyses show that they are not related.

The genus *Prescottiella* contains a single species, *Prescottiella sudanensis*, formerly known as *Micrasterias sudanensis*. It is distinguished from *Micrasterias* in that its semicells are not identical, making the cell asymmetrical along one axis; the spines of one semicell curve towards the isthmus, while the spines of the other semicell curve away.

## Species

### Accepted species

*Micrasterias* comprises the following species:

### Species names with uncertain taxonomic status

The status of the following species is unresolved:

* *Micrasterias aculeata* M.Rostock
* *Micrasterias berganii* H.V.Hauge
* *Micrasterias bicaudata* (A.K.H.Braun ex Kützing) Kuntze
* *Micrasterias bioctonaria* G.Rabenhorst
* *Micrasterias boryana* (P.J.F.Turpin) Ehrenberg
* *Micrasterias boryi* Kützing
* *Micrasterias braunii* (C.W.Nägeli ex Kützing) Kuntze
* *Micrasterias comperei* R.S.Ganem & P.A.C.Senna
* *Micrasterias complecta* C.G.T.Preuss
* *Micrasterias convoluta* (A.K.J.Corda) Kuntze
* *Micrasterias cordae* A.Braun
* *Micrasterias coronula* Ehrenberg
* *Micrasterias cruciata* Kützing
* *Micrasterias crucigenia* Kützing
* *Micrasterias decemdentatum* (C.W.Nägeli) W.Archer
* *Micrasterias denticula* Istvanfy
* *Micrasterias duplex* (Meyen) Kützing
* *Micrasterias ecornis* Ehrenberg
* *Micrasterias eichleri* Schmidle
* *Micrasterias enneactis* Ehrenberg
* *Micrasterias extendens* W.B.Turner
* *Micrasterias falcata* Corda
* *Micrasterias floridensis* R.K.Salisbury
* *Micrasterias galeata* Borge
* *Micrasterias ghibellina* Meneghini
* *Micrasterias granulata* H.C.Wood
* *Micrasterias halis* Raciborski
* *Micrasterias hamata* (Wolle) F.C.E.Børgesen
* *Micrasterias heliactis* Kützing
* *Micrasterias heptactis* Ehrenberg
* *Micrasterias hermanniana* Reinsch
* *Micrasterias hexactis* Ehrenberg
* *Micrasterias hexagona* G.W.Grant
* *Micrasterias hexagonalis* F.Steinecke
* *Micrasterias kangofurinensis* N.Woodhead & R.D.Tweed
* *Micrasterias lacerata* Kützing
* *Micrasterias margaritifera* (P.J.F.Turpin) L.A.Brébisson & P.Godet
* *Micrasterias mbugensis* E.M.Lind
* *Micrasterias melitensis* G.G.A.Meneghini
* *Micrasterias mohii* (Borge) Authority Unknown
* *Micrasterias multifida* Wolle
* *Micrasterias napoleonis* (P.J.F.Turpin) Kützing
* *Micrasterias nordstetiana* Wolle
* *Micrasterias oblonga* Ehrenberg
* *Micrasterias ornamentalis* O.Borge
* *Micrasterias paradoxa* Kützing
* *Micrasterias platyptera* W.B.Turner
* *Micrasterias polonica* (B.Eichler & R.Gutwinski) West & G.S.West
* *Micrasterias polycyclia* G.Rabenhorst
* *Micrasterias pseudofurcata* Wolle
* *Micrasterias quadragies-cuspidata* (Corda) Ralfs
* *Micrasterias renicarpa* (Turpin) Kützing
* *Micrasterias ricciaeformis* C.Agardh
* *Micrasterias robusta* West & G.S.West
* *Micrasterias rosula* Kützing
* *Micrasterias selenaea* Kützing
* *Micrasterias senaria* Ehrenberg
* *Micrasterias simplex* (Meyen) Kützing
* *Micrasterias simplex* Wolle
* *Micrasterias simplex* Kurt Förster & F.Eckert
* *Micrasterias sinuata* L.A.Brébisson
* *Micrasterias siolii* A.M.Scott & Croasdale
* *Micrasterias sphaerastrum* Kützing
* *Micrasterias staurastrum* Kützing
* *Micrasterias subfimbriata* Wolle
* *Micrasterias sublagoensis* Kurt Förster & F.Eckert
* *Micrasterias tetracera* Kützing
* *Micrasterias tricera* Kützing
* *Micrasterias tricyclia* Ehrenberg
* *Micrasterias trigemina* E.H.P.A.Haeckel
* *Micrasterias upsaliensis* (Cleve) W.Archer

## Phylogenetics

Modern molecular phylogenetics suggest the following relationships (not all accepted species are included):

Even though *Triploceras* was recovered as embedded within *Micrasterias*, there was low statistical support for this placement, so it remains a separate genus.

## Habitat and distribution

As with other desmids, *Micrasterias* grows in freshwater habitats. It prefers oligotrophic to mesotrophic lakes and bogs, often associated with aquatic plants.

Freshwater microalgae, along with other microscopic organisms, are often presumed to be cosmopolitan in distribution (see the Baas Becking hypothesis). However, many desmids are an exception to this, likely because of their high morphological complexity allowing for easier identification, and the fact that they mostly do not form resting spores that would allow for wider dispersal. In particular, a number of *Micrasterias* species are restricted to certain biogeographical realms or continents. For example, *Micrasterias muricata* appears to be endemic to North America, while *Micrasterias ceratofera* is restricted to Southeast Asia and northern Australia.

## InfoBox

| *Micrasterias* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Micrasterias furcata* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| *Clade*: | Viridiplantae |
| (unranked): | Charophyta |
| Class: | Zygnematophyceae |
| Order: | Desmidiales |
| Family: | Desmidiaceae |
| Genus: | *Micrasterias*
C.Agardh ex Ralfs |
|
| Type species | |
| *Micrasterias furcata*
C.Agardh ex Ralfs | |
| Species | |
| See text. | |


title: Pascoe Vale South, Victoria

abstract: Pascoe Vale South is an inner suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 8 km (5.0 mi) north of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Merri-bek local government area. Pascoe Vale South recorded a population of 10,534 at the 2021 census. Pascoe Vale South adjoins Brunswick West to the south, Strathmore and the Moonee Ponds Creek to the west, Coburg to the east, and Pascoe Vale to the north. The suburb also borders the Tullamarine Freeway. Major features of the suburb include the Bell Street/Melville Road Shopping area.

text:
# Pascoe Vale South, Victoria

**Pascoe Vale South** is an inner suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 8 km (5.0 mi) north of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Merri-bek local government area. Pascoe Vale South recorded a population of 10,534 at the 2021 census.

Pascoe Vale South adjoins Brunswick West to the south, Strathmore and the Moonee Ponds Creek to the west, Coburg to the east, and Pascoe Vale to the north. The suburb also borders the Tullamarine Freeway.

Major features of the suburb include the Bell Street/Melville Road Shopping area.

## History

The Pascoe Vale area was part of the original John Pascoe Fawkner property "Pascoeville". In 1841, Dr Farquhar McCrae, a wealthy surgeon, purchased land called 'La Rose' in what is now known as Pascoe Vale South. The house he built in 1842 or 1843 is now known as Wentworth House, and is the oldest known private dwelling in Victoria still standing on its original site, and the fifth oldest building in Victoria. It is located at 22 Le Cateau Street, Pascoe Vale South.

Significant development of Pascoe Vale South took place after the tramline was extended to Bell Street in 1927, with the post office opening on 1 August 1927.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2001 | 8,336 |  |
| 2006 | 8,702 | +4.4% |
| 2011 | 9,533 | +9.5% |
| 2016 | 10,069 | +5.6% |
| 2021 | 10,534 | +4.6% |

According to data from the 2021 census, 10,534 people lived in Pascoe Vale South.

Pascoe Vale South is primarily a family residential suburb with above average income (the median personal income being $953 in Pascoe Vale South, compared to the national average of $805), above average education (36.1% of people aged 15+ holding a bachelor's degree compared with 26.3% nationwide) and relatively low unemployment (3.6% compared to 5.1% nationwide).

Pascoe Vale South is less culturally diverse than other suburbs of Merri-bek, and even lower than the Melbourne average.

In Pascoe Vale South, 74.6% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were Italy 4.7%, Greece 2.7%, England 1.5%, India 1.2% and India 1.1%.

The most common responses for religion in Pascoe Vale South were No Religion, so described 34.9%, Catholic 33.0%, Eastern Orthodox 12.0%, Not stated 3.9% and Anglican 3.4%. In Pascoe Vale South, Christianity was the largest religious group reported overall (56.2%) (this figure excludes not stated responses).

In Pascoe Vale South, 68.4% of people only spoke English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Greek 8.4%, Italian 7.9%, Arabic 2%, Mandarin 1.1% and Vietnamese 1.1%.

## Transport

### Bus

Eight bus routes service Pascoe Vale South:

### Cycling

For cyclists, the suburb adjoins the Moonee Ponds Creek Trail to the west.

### Train

Pascoe Vale station, on the Craigieburn line, is the nearest station to Pascoe Vale South. Other stations nearby include Batman, Coburg and Moreland, all on the Upfield line.

### Tram

Tram route 58 provides public transport through the suburb, from the Bell Street terminus and along Melville Road, to the city.

## Educational facilities

Pascoe Vale South has a government primary school (Pascoe Vale South Primary School) and two catholic schools.

## Neighbourhoods

The neighbourhood of Coonans Hill is in the south of the suburb (37°45′01″S 144°56′28″E / 37.7504°S 144.9410°E / -37.7504; 144.9410). Its post office (now closed) opened on 21 February 1957.

## Landmarks

The following places in Pascoe Vale South are listed on the Victorian Heritage Register:

* City of Coburg – Pascoe Vale South was previously within this former local government area.

## InfoBox

| Pascoe Vale South
Melbourne, Victoria | |
| --- | --- |
| Pascoe Vale South Post Office in July 2022 | |
| Pascoe Vale SouthLocation in metropolitan Melbourne | |
|  | |
| Coordinates | 37°44′35″S 144°56′16″E / 37.7431°S 144.9377°E / -37.7431; 144.9377 |
| Population | 10,534 (2021 census) |
| • Density | 3,500/km2 (9,100/sq mi) |
| Postcode(s) | 3044 |
| Elevation | 34 m (112 ft) |
| Area | 3 km2 (1.2 sq mi) |
| Location | 8 km (5 mi) N of Melbourne |
| LGA(s) | City of Merri-bek |
| State electorate(s) |  |
| Federal division(s) | Wills |
| **Suburbs around Pascoe Vale South:**  Pascoe Vale Pascoe Vale Coburg  Essendon
Strathmore Pascoe Vale South Coburg  Essendon Brunswick West Brunswick West | |


title: Pala Pala

abstract: Para Para is an album by Taiwanese pop singer Ruby Lin. It marks the release of the second album by Bertelsmann Music Group(BMG). A few days after the release of Double Faced Ruby Lin album, BMG features new AVCD format special edition containing one cantonese song 'Para Para' and bonus VCD.

text:
# Pala Pala

***Para Para*** is an album by Taiwanese pop singer Ruby Lin. It marks the release of the second album by Bertelsmann Music Group(BMG). A few days after the release of Double Faced Ruby Lin album, BMG features new AVCD format special edition containing one cantonese song 'Para Para' and bonus VCD.

## Track listing

1. 叭啦叭拿 Para Para PaLaPaNa
2. 投懷送抱 Falling Into Your Arms
3. 云深深雨蒙蒙 Dense Cloud Misty Rain
4. 夜宿蘭桂坊 Overnight in Lan Kuai Fong
5. 誰都不愛 To Love Nobody
6. 不設防 Can't Let Go
7. 冬眠地圖 Hibernating Map
8. 新浪漫 New Romance
9. 愛情小說 Novel of Love
10. 每一種男生 Every Type of Guy
11. 你這樣愛我 The Way You Love Me

## Bonus VCD

1. 電腦檔案 Format Data (Not Playable)
2. 投懷送抱 ( Music Video )
3. 叭啦叭拿 (Music Video )
4. Making of 叭啦叭拿 ( Music Video )

## Awards and nominations

**Hong Kong MTV Music Award**

* Won: Best music video of the year

**Hong Kong Metro Radio Awards**

* Won: Favorite new singer
* Nom : Golden song of the year

## InfoBox

| Para Para 趴啦趴拿 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Ruby Lin | |
| Released | 16 March 2001 |
| Genre | Mandopop Cantonese |
| Label | BMG, |
| Ruby Lin chronology | |
| *Double Faced Ruby Lin*
(2001) ***Para Para 趴啦趴拿***
(2001) *Eighteen Springs New and Best collection
*
(2004) | |


title: Relief (disambiguation)

abstract: A relief is a sculpture where a modelled form projects from a flat background. Relief may also refer to:

text:
# Relief (disambiguation)

A **relief** is a sculpture where a modelled form projects from a flat background.

**Relief** may also refer to:

## Other common meanings

## Places

### Antarctica

### United States

## Arts, entertainment, and media

### Music

* Relief (music), the curvature of the neck of a guitar or similar instrument allowing the strings to vibrate freely
* *Relief* (album), 2013 debut studio album by American rapper Mike Stud
* *Relief*, 1998 album by Pope Jane
* *Relief*, 2010 album by Finnish band Magenta Skycode
* "Relief", a song by American band Cold War Kids from their 2008 album *Loyalty to Loyalty*

### Other arts, entertainment, and media

## Ships

## Terrain

## Other uses

* Relief (feature selection), a feature selection algorithm
* Relief valve, a safety valve designed to open in overpressurized system conditions
* Debt relief, the partial or total "lifting-back" or forgiveness of debt
* Feudal relief, a payment to an overlord by the heir of a feudal tenant to license him to take possession of his inheritance
* Judicial relief, or legal remedy
* Optical relief, a concept in optical mineralogy
* Poor relief, historical name, prior to the era of the welfare state, for official methods of poverty alleviation
* Quasar Relief, a Czech competition hang glider design


title: Jerrawangala National Park

abstract: Jerrawangala National Park is located in New South Wales, Australia in the South Coast region. It is home to several endangered species and many different species of vertebrate. In 2013, the park attracted attention when several large, illegal cannabis plantations were found in the middle of the park; police had to winch their way in with helicopters to confiscate some of the plants.

text:
# Jerrawangala National Park

**Jerrawangala National Park** is located in New South Wales, Australia in the South Coast region. It is home to several endangered species and many different species of vertebrate. In 2013, the park attracted attention when several large, illegal cannabis plantations were found in the middle of the park; police had to winch their way in with helicopters to confiscate some of the plants.

## Wildlife

A wide variety of vertebrates have been reported from the park, including, according to the NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service, 14 species of amphibians, 19 mammals, 23 reptiles, and nearly 60 different species of birds. Several endangered species, both animal and plant, are found in the park, notably including rare orchids such as leek orchids. The endangered giant burrowing frog is also found there. Bat populations in the park are such that one study captured 38 individuals in five different species in just one night.

The park is at moderate risk of dangerous bushfires; it was severely affected by the 2001 bushfire season. Nearly all of the park was impacted by the 2019-20 bushfire season, which was unprecedentedly large and catastrophic.

## Cannabis incident

In January 2013, police officers found and seized a total of $279,000 (AUD) worth of cannabis plants, being grown deep in the national park, west of the town of Sussex Inlet. Cannabis cultivation for personal use or without a licence is illegal in New South Wales, and is an imprisonable offence.

The first two plantations were found on 21 January by Nowra police officers and the Rural Fire Service. It was protected by rabbit traps, fences, and wire, and reportedly had several "established watering systems". On 22 January, five more cannabis plantations were found nearby, protected by more animal traps and even trip wires – the police had to winch their way in with helicopters to confiscate some of the plants.

## InfoBox

| Jerrawangala National Park | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Type | National park |
| Location | New South Wales, Australia |
| Nearest town | Jerrawangala |
| Coordinates | 35°04′S 150°26′E / 35.06°S 150.44°E / -35.06; 150.44 |
| Website | www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au |


title: Raili Halttu

abstract: Raili Halttu was a Finnish sprinter. She competed in the women's 100 metres at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Raili Halttu

**Raili Halttu** (13 July 1909  3 December 2006) was a Finnish sprinter. She competed in the women's 100 metres at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

Raili Halttu
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Finnish |
| Born | (1909-07-13)13 July 1909 |
| Died | 3 December 2006(2006-12-03) (aged 97) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Sprinting |
| Event | 100 metres |


title: NGC 4076

abstract: NGC 4076 is a spiral galaxy located 290 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 27, 1785 and is a member of the NGC 4065 Group. NGC 4076 is classified as a LINER galaxy. NGC 4076 has been host to two type Ia supernovae. The first, SN 2007M was first observed on December 24, 2006. However, it was discovered on January 14, 2007. The second, SN 2011bc was discovered on April 1, 2011.

text:
# NGC 4076

**NGC 4076** is a spiral galaxy located 290 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 27, 1785 and is a member of the NGC 4065 Group.

NGC 4076 is classified as a LINER galaxy.

NGC 4076 has been host to two type Ia supernovae. The first, **SN 2007M** was first observed on December 24, 2006. However, it was discovered on January 14, 2007. The second, **SN 2011bc** was discovered on April 1, 2011.

## InfoBox

| NGC 4076 | |
| --- | --- |
| SDSS image of NGC 4076. | |
| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Coma Berenices |
| Right ascension | 12h 04m 32.5s |
| Declination | 20° 12 18 |
| Redshift | 0.020728 |
| Heliocentric radial velocity | 6214 km/s |
| Distance | 291 Mly (89.1 Mpc) |
| Group or cluster | NGC 4065 Group |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 14.35 |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | Sa |
| Size | ~103,000 ly (31.6 kpc) (estimated) |
| Apparent size (V) | 0.9 x 0.9 |
| Other designations | |
| UGC 07061, PGC 038209, MCG +03-31-034 | |


title: Michałów, Gmina Nowe Miasto nad Wartą

abstract: Michałów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowe Miasto nad Wartą, within Środa Wielkopolska County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) south of Środa Wielkopolska and 50 km (31 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.

text:
# Michałów, Gmina Nowe Miasto nad Wartą

**Michałów** \[miˈxawuf\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowe Miasto nad Wartą, within Środa Wielkopolska County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) south of Środa Wielkopolska and 50 km (31 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.

## InfoBox

| Michałów | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Michałów | |
| Coordinates: 52°2′24″N 17°21′16″E / 52.04000°N 17.35444°E / 52.04000; 17.35444 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Środa Wielkopolska |
| Gmina | Nowe Miasto nad Wartą |


title: Monkey Marsh Lock

abstract: Monkey Marsh Lock is a lock on the Kennet and Avon Canal, at Thatcham, Berkshire, England. Monkey Marsh Lock was built between 1718 and 1723 under the supervision of the engineer John Hore of Newbury. The canal is administered by Canal & River Trust. The lock has a rise/fall of 8 ft 8 in. One of only two remaining working examples of turf sided locks on the canal of more than a dozen originally, Monkey Marsh Lock is listed as an ancient monument by English Heritage

text:
# Monkey Marsh Lock

**Monkey Marsh Lock** is a lock on the Kennet and Avon Canal, at Thatcham, Berkshire, England.

Monkey Marsh Lock was built between 1718 and 1723 under the supervision of the engineer John Hore of Newbury. The canal is administered by Canal & River Trust. The lock has a rise/fall of 8 ft 8 in (2.64 m).

One of only two remaining working examples of turf sided locks on the canal (the other being Garston Lock) of more than a dozen originally, Monkey Marsh Lock is listed as an ancient monument by English Heritage

51°23′33″N 1°14′52″W / 51.3926°N 1.2479°W / 51.3926; -1.2479


title: Michel Salesse

abstract: Michel Salesse is a French fencer. He won a gold medal in the team épée at the 1980 Summer Olympics and a silver in the same event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Michel Salesse

**Michel Salesse** (born 3 January 1955) is a French fencer. He won a gold medal in the team épée at the 1980 Summer Olympics and a silver in the same event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

Michel Salesse
| Michel Salesse (2013) | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1955-01-03) 3 January 1955<br>Algiers, French Algeria |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Fencing |
| Medal record      Men's fencing  Representing  France  Olympic Games  1980 Moscow Épée, team  1984 Los Angeles Épée, team | |


title: Rhinotragus dorsiger

abstract: Rhinotragus dorsiger is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Ernst Friedrich Germar in 1824.

text:
# Rhinotragus dorsiger

***Rhinotragus dorsiger*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Ernst Friedrich Germar in 1824.

## InfoBox

| *Rhinotragus dorsiger* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Rhinotragus* |
| Species: | ***R. dorsiger*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Rhinotragus dorsiger***<br>Germar, 1824 | |
|


title: Ferenc Mikulás

abstract: Ferenc Mikulás is a figure in the Hungarian animation film culture. He is the founder and director of the animation film studio Kecskemétfilm Kft., and the director of Kecskemét Animation Film Festival (KAFF).

text:
# Ferenc Mikulás

**Ferenc Mikulás** (born 17 August 1940, in Dunapataj) is a figure in the Hungarian animation film culture. He is the founder and director of the animation film studio Kecskemétfilm Kft., and the director of Kecskemét Animation Film Festival (KAFF).

## Biography

He was born on 17 August 1940. He was expelled from high school in the spring of 1957, due to his participation in the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. In the following years, he was working as a geodesist. He wrote screenplays and directed short features. From 1970, he began to work on animation films in Pannonia Film Studio.

From 1 June 1971, he is the director of Kecskemét Animation Film Studio, producer of several animation films and series (Hungarian Folk Tales, Water Spider Wonder Spider, etc.). From 1993 he is the director of Kecskeméti Animation Film Festival. From 1997 to 2000, he has been a member of ASIFA's directors' board. He has been the member of the jury of several international animation film festivals, including Chiavari, Seoul, Ankara, and Beijing.

## Awards


title: Palazzo Salvadori, Trento

abstract: Palazzo Salvadori is a palazzo in Trento, northern Italy, one of the first examples of Renaissance civil architecture in the city, and a symbol of antisemitism.

text:
# Palazzo Salvadori, Trento

**Palazzo Salvadori** is a palazzo in Trento, northern Italy, one of the first examples of Renaissance civil architecture in the city, and a symbol of antisemitism.

## History

It was built by the Lombard master Lucio Tosani, during the reign of Prince-Bishop Bernardo Clesio, starting in 1515. Designed by the architect Lucio Tosani, the building is placed on the foundation of the old synagogue of the small Jewish community present in the city. For a long time belonged to the family of Trautmannsdorf, now the building presentes two main doors on which there are still two medallions, dating from the first half of the eighteenth century, painted by Francesco Oradini; representing the supposed martyrdom of the child Simonino from Trento. The child was alleged to be the victim of a Jewish ritual murder during the Easter of 1475. In the aftermath of the child's death, 15 Jews were blamed and burnt at the stake, and the remaining Jewish families of Trento were expelled. Blood libels such as this one were commonly used in the persecution of Jews in Europe for centuries, beginning in the Middle Ages and were a central component in the development of modern antisemitism in the 19th century.Simonino was venerated as Blessed until 1965, but after the second Vatican council the worship was banned. Around the mid-18th century above the two portals were placed the marble reliefs by Francesco Oradini depicting the purported martyrdom of the child Simone (Simon of Trent). This boy was the alleged ritual victim of Jewish residents of Trento on Easter 1475.


title: Gyrinus cavatus

abstract: Gyrinus cavatus is a species of whirligig beetle in the family Gyrinidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Gyrinus cavatus

***Gyrinus cavatus*** is a species of whirligig beetle in the family Gyrinidae. It is found in North America.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Gyrinus cavatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Gyrinidae |
| Genus: | *Gyrinus* |
| Species: | ***G. cavatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Gyrinus cavatus***<br>Atton, 1990 | |
|


title: Jim Finigan

abstract: James Leroy Finigan was an American professional baseball player and Major League infielder. Primarily a third baseman and second baseman, he played for the Philadelphia / Kansas City Athletics (1954–1956), Detroit Tigers (1957), San Francisco Giants (1958) and Baltimore Orioles (1959). He threw and batted right-handed, stood 5 feet 11 inches (1.80 m) tall and weighed 175 pounds (79 kg). Finigan was a native of Quincy, Illinois, who attended Quincy University and Saint Ambrose University. He broke into pro baseball in the New York Yankees' organization in 1948. After four seasons in the Yankee system, and two years performing Korean War military service, he was traded to Philadelphia in an 11-player deal that featured Vic Power on December 16, 1953. Finigan made his major league debut on April 25, 1954 against the Yankees at Connie Mack Stadium, and went on to have a successful rookie season as the A's regular third baseman. He hit.302 in 136 games with 7 home runs, 51 runs batted in, a.421 slugging percentage, and finished second to the Yankees' Bob Grim in the American League Rookie of the Year voting. He also was a member of the American League All-Star team. In 1955, now playing in Kansas City, Finigan split time between second base and third base and was again named to the All-Star squad. His batting average dropped but his run production increased. In 150 games he hit.255 with 9 home runs and 68 RBI. He also scored 15 more runs than the previous year. His playing time decreased over the next four years, and his days as a regular player were over. His final game in the big leagues was played on July 5, 1959 with Baltimore. His professional career included all or part of 14 seasons. Career totals include 512 games played, 422 hits, 19 home runs, 168 runs batted in, 195 runs scored, a.264 batting average, and an on-base percentage of.342. Finigan died from a heart attack in Quincy at the age of 52.

text:
# Jim Finigan

**James Leroy Finigan** (August 19, 1928 – May 16, 1981) was an American professional baseball player and Major League infielder. Primarily a third baseman and second baseman, he played for the Philadelphia / Kansas City Athletics (1954–1956), Detroit Tigers (1957), San Francisco Giants (1958) and Baltimore Orioles (1959). He threw and batted right-handed, stood 5 feet 11 inches (1.80 m) tall and weighed 175 pounds (79 kg).

Finigan was a native of Quincy, Illinois, who attended Quincy University and Saint Ambrose University. He broke into pro baseball in the New York Yankees' organization in 1948. After four seasons in the Yankee system, and two years performing Korean War military service, he was traded to Philadelphia in an 11-player deal that featured Vic Power on December 16, 1953. Finigan made his major league debut on April 25, 1954 against the Yankees at Connie Mack Stadium, and went on to have a successful rookie season as the A's regular third baseman. He hit .302 in 136 games with 7 home runs, 51 runs batted in, a .421 slugging percentage, and finished second to the Yankees' Bob Grim in the American League Rookie of the Year voting. He also was a member of the American League All-Star team.

In 1955, now playing in Kansas City, Finigan split time between second base and third base and was again named to the All-Star squad. His batting average dropped but his run production increased. In 150 games he hit .255 with 9 home runs and 68 RBI. He also scored 15 more runs than the previous year.

His playing time decreased over the next four years, and his days as a regular player were over. His final game in the big leagues was played on July 5, 1959 with Baltimore. His professional career included all or part of 14 seasons.

Career totals include 512 games played, 422 hits, 19 home runs, 168 runs batted in, 195 runs scored, a .264 batting average, and an on-base percentage of .342.

Finigan died from a heart attack in Quincy at the age of 52.

## InfoBox

| Jim Finigan | |
| --- | --- |
| **Third baseman / Second baseman** | |
| **Born:** (1928-08-19)August 19, 1928
Quincy, Illinois, U.S. | |
| **Died:** May 16, 1981(1981-05-16) (aged 52)
Quincy, Illinois, U.S. | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| April 25, 1954, for the Philadelphia Athletics | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| July 5, 1959, for the Baltimore Orioles | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Batting average | .264 |
| Home runs | 19 |
| Runs batted in | 168 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |


title: NGC 4086

abstract: NGC 4086 is a lenticular galaxy located 330 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. NGC 4086 was discovered by astronomer Heinrich d'Arrest on May 2, 1864 and is a member of the NGC 4065 Group. NGC 4086 is classified as a LINER galaxy.

text:
# NGC 4086

**NGC 4086** is a lenticular galaxy located 330 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. NGC 4086 was discovered by astronomer Heinrich d'Arrest on May 2, 1864 and is a member of the NGC 4065 Group.

NGC 4086 is classified as a LINER galaxy.

## InfoBox

| NGC 4086 | |
| --- | --- |
| SDSS image of NGC 4086. | |
| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Coma Berenices |
| Right ascension | 12h 05m 29.4s |
| Declination | 20° 14 48 |
| Redshift | 0.023660 |
| Heliocentric radial velocity | 7093 km/s |
| Distance | 330 Mly (101 Mpc) |
| Group or cluster | NGC 4065 Group |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 14.59 |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | S0 |
| Size | ~130,000 ly (41 kpc) (estimated) |
| Apparent size (V) | 1.0 x 0.9 |
| Other designations | |
| UGC 07076, PGC 038290, MCG +04-29-016 | |


title: Micrathena

abstract: Micrathena, known as spiny orbweavers, is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by Carl Jakob Sundevall in 1833. Micrathena contains more than a hundred species, most of them Neotropical woodland-dwelling species. The name is derived from the Greek "micro", meaning "small", and the goddess Athena. Species with extremely long spines evolved at least eight times in the genus Micrathena and likely function as anti-predator defenses. Gasteracantha orb-weavers also have hardened abdomens with variously shaped spines, but they are not closely related to Micrathena within the orb-weaver family. These spiders are active during the daytime and build vertical orb webs. Unlike many other orb-weavers, members of Micrathena bite their prey before wrapping it. When laying eggs, females will place the egg sac on vegetation near the web.

text:
# Micrathena

***Micrathena***, known as **spiny orbweavers**, is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by Carl Jakob Sundevall in 1833. *Micrathena* contains more than a hundred species, most of them Neotropical woodland-dwelling species. The name is derived from the Greek "micro", meaning "small", and the goddess Athena.

Species with extremely long spines evolved at least eight times in the genus *Micrathena* and likely function as anti-predator defenses. *Gasteracantha* orb-weavers also have hardened abdomens with variously shaped spines, but they are not closely related to *Micrathena* within the orb-weaver family.

These spiders are active during the daytime and build vertical orb webs. Unlike many other orb-weavers, members of *Micrathena* bite their prey before wrapping it. When laying eggs, females will place the egg sac on vegetation near the web.

## Species

As of April 2019 the genus *Micrathena* contains 119 species:

## In North America

Although the genus includes over a hundred species, only four are found in the United States and Canada. Among those four species, female spined micrathena (*Micrathena gracilis*) have five pairs of conical tubercles, female *M. mitrata* have two short posterior pairs, and female arrow-shaped micrathena (*M. sagittata*) have three pairs. Only two species are recorded from Canada, being *M. sagittata*, found primarily in the Pinery Provincial Park, and *M. gracilis*, which is more widespread.

## InfoBox

| *Micrathena* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Micrathena sagittata* in Virginia, USA | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Araneidae |
| Genus: | *Micrathena*
Sundevall, 1833 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Micrathena aureola*
(C. L. Koch, 1836) | |
| Species | |
| 119, see text | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Chaetacis* Simon, 1895 * *Ildibaha* Keyserling, 1892 * *Thaumastobella* Mello-Leitão, 1945 | |


title: Monkey Me

abstract: Monkey Me is the ninth studio album by French singer-songwriter Mylène Farmer, and her 18th album overall. Preceded by the lead single "À l'ombre", which peaked at number-one in France, the album was released on 3 December 2012. The album received mixed-to-negative reviews from critics, who called it repetitive and criticized its dated sound and lack of innovation from Farmer. The album entered the French album chart at number one selling almost 150,000 copies in its first week. It was certified 3× Platinum within its first month of release in France, and was supported by the sold-out Timeless tour the following year.

text:
# Monkey Me

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Pure Charts | link |
| Voici |  |
| La Dernière Heure | Favorable |
| Evous | link |
| Party |  |
| A Voir A Lire | link |

***Monkey Me*** is the ninth studio album by French singer-songwriter Mylène Farmer, and her 18th album overall. Preceded by the lead single "À l'ombre", which peaked at number-one in France, the album was released on 3 December 2012.

The album received mixed-to-negative reviews from critics, who called it repetitive and criticized its dated sound and lack of innovation from Farmer.

The album entered the French album chart at number one selling almost 150,000 copies in its first week. It was certified 3× Platinum within its first month of release in France, and was supported by the sold-out *Timeless* tour the following year.

## Critical reception

In France, the album entered the charts at number one on 15 December 2012, with cumulative sales of 147,530 units (137,590 physical formats and 9,940 downloads), which was the best weekly sales of 2012 in France.

Despite its strong sales, the album received mixed reviews from the press. On one hand, many critics welcomed the return of Laurent Boutonnat in the songwriting process; on the other hand, others, for example the magazine *7 sur 7*, found the arrangements very dated.

## Singles

| Year | Title | Date of release | Sales
(France) | Certification | | Peak position | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | FR | BE (WA) | FR | BE (WA) | SWI |
| 2012 | "À l'ombre" | 22 October 2012 (digital)
26 November 2012 (CD, vinyl) | 45,000 |  |  | 1 | 2 |  |
| 2013 | "Je te dis tout" | 28 January 2013 (digital)
March 2013 (CD, vinyl) | 10,000 |  |  | 3 | 28 |  |
| 2013 | "Monkey Me" | 7 October 2013 (CD, vinyl) | 7,300 |  |  | 3 | —43 |  |

* "Quand" was released as a lyric video.
* For the first time in her career, Farmer invited her fans to design the official cover of the single "Monkey Me" and post their creations on Twitter or Instagram so that she can choose her favorite one.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Mylène Farmer except for "Nuit d'Hiver", whose lyrics are adapted from the 1985 song "Chloé" written by Laurent Boutonnat; all music is composed by Laurent Boutonnat

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Elle a dit" | 3:52 |
| 2. | "À l'ombre" | 4:51 |
| 3. | "Monkey Me" | 4:13 |
| 4. | "Tu ne le dis pas" | 4:22 |
| 5. | "Love Dance" | 4:06 |
| 6. | "Quand" | 4:07 |
| 7. | "J'ai essayé de vivre..." | 4:40 |
| 8. | "Ici-bas" | 4:33 |
| 9. | "A-t-on jamais" | 3:47 |
| 10. | "Nuit d'hiver" | 5:24 |
| 11. | "À force de..." | 4:08 |
| 12. | "Je te dis tout" | 5:30 |

## Charts

## Certifications and sales

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Belgium (BEA) | Platinum | 30,000* |
| France (SNEP) | 3× Platinum | 400,000 |
| Summaries | | |
| Worldwide |  | 500,000 |
| * Sales figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Formats

* Limited Numbered Edition Collector Box (CD + Pure Audio Blu-ray)
* Limited Edition Digipak CD (CD + Pure Audio Blu-ray)
* 2 × Vinyl
* CD

## InfoBox

| Monkey Me | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Mylène Farmer | |
| Released | 3 December 2012 |
| Genre | Dance-pop, synth-pop, pop rock |
| Label | Polydor |
| Producer | Laurent Boutonnat |
| Mylène Farmer chronology | |
| *2001.2011*
(2011) ***Monkey Me***
(2012) *Timeless 2013*
(2013) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Monkey Me* | |
| 1. "À l'ombre"
Released: 22 October 2012 2. "Je te dis tout"
Released: 28 January 2013 3. "Monkey Me"
Released: 30 August 2013 | |
|  | |


title: Michel Sala

abstract: Michel Sala is an Algerian-born French trade unionist and politician of La France Insoumise who has been representing Gard's 5th constituency in the National Assembly since 2022.

text:
# Michel Sala

**Michel Sala** (born 13 May 1954) is an Algerian-born French trade unionist and politician of La France Insoumise who has been representing Gard's 5th constituency in the National Assembly since 2022.

## InfoBox

| Michel Sala | |
| --- | --- |
| MIchel Sala in 2022 | |
|  | |
| Member of the National Assembly
for Gard's 5th constituency | |
| **In office**
22 June 2022  9 June 2024 | |
| Preceded by | Catherine Daufès-Roux |
| Succeeded by | Alexandre Allegret-Pilot |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1954-05-13) 13 May 1954
Oran, French Algeria |
| Nationality | Algerian, French |
| Political party | La France Insoumise (2016–present) |
| Other political
affiliations | Revolutionary Communist League (1974–2009)
New Anticapitalist Party (2009–2013)
Ensemble! (2013–2023)
Ecosocialist Left (2022–present) |
|  | |