title: Molly Blackburn

abstract: Molly Bellhouse Blackburn OLS was a South African anti-apartheid activist, political activist, civil rights campaigner, and politician.

text:
# Molly Blackburn

**Molly Bellhouse Blackburn** OLS (12 November 1930 – 28 December 1985) was a South African anti-apartheid activist, political activist, civil rights campaigner, and politician.

## Biography

Molly Bellhouse was born in Port Elizabeth, South Africa, the daughter of Elgar Bellhouse (Buller) Pagden, a one-time chairperson of the Progressive Party (PP) of Port Elizabeth who instilled liberal and progressive ideals in his daughter.

Graduating from Rhodes with a BA Degree after finishing school in 1947 with a first class matriculation, Blackburn spent time teaching in London before settling in Belgium. Seven years later however she returned to Port Elizabeth and joined the Black Sash, an activist group founded in 1955 by six women (Jean Sinclair, Elizabeth McLaren, Ruth Foley, Tertia Pybus, Jean Bosazza and Helen Newton-Thompson), but eventually she left due to what she perceived as the Sash's "inactivity".

In 1981 she started her political career by winning the Provincial Council seat of Walmer, Port Elizabeth, for the Progressive Federal Party (PFP). Di Bishop, who would become a lifelong friend and fellow activist also won a council seat that year. Di Bishop had joined the Black Sash in 1978 and Molly returned to the order in 1982 with a lot of ideas of her own.

She and Di began investigating rent restructuring and controversial police shootings. They began to be seen as "troublemakers" by the authorities. She received death threats and was arrested a few times.

On 28 December 1985, Molly and Brian Bishop (Di Bishop's husband) were killed in a car accident between Oudshoorn and Port Elizabeth. Di Bishop and Molly's sister, Judy Chalmers, were injured. She was 55 years old and Brian Bishop was 51 years old.

At her funeral which was held at St John's Church in Port Elizabeth on 1 January 1986, a crowd of 20,000 mostly black South Africans gathered to mourn her loss. Blackburn was survived by her husband and their seven children.

## Legacy

The **Molly Blackburn High School** was named in her honour in KwaNobuhle, as well as the **Molly Blackburn Memorial Hall** at the University of Cape Town.

## InfoBox

| Molly Blackburn | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1930-11-11)11 November 1930<br>Port Elizabeth, South Africa |
| Died | 28 December 1985(1985-12-28) (aged 55) |
| Nationality | South African |
| Occupation(s) | anti-apartheid activist, political activist, civil rights campaigner and politician |
| Known for | Black Sash |
| Political party | Progressive Federal Party |
| Relatives | Judy Chalmers (sister) |


title: William Hopper (politician)

abstract: William Joseph Hopper, sometimes known as Will Hopper, is a British investment banker who also became involved in the political field. He was one of the founders of the Institute for Fiscal Studies, a non-partisan research institute which offers comment on the economic impact of political proposals. Hopper enjoyed a brief political career as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Conservative Party.

text:
# William Hopper (politician)

**William Joseph Hopper**, sometimes known as **Will Hopper** (born 9 August 1929), is a British investment banker who also became involved in the political field. He was one of the founders of the Institute for Fiscal Studies, a non-partisan research institute which offers comment on the economic impact of political proposals. Hopper enjoyed a brief political career as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Conservative Party.

## Education

Hopper was brought up in Glasgow where he attended Langside Elementary School followed by Queen's Park Secondary School. He went to the University of Glasgow to read modern languages, and graduated with a 1st Class Master of Arts degree in 1953. He served in the Royal Air Force with the rank of Pilot Officer in the education branch from 1953 to 1955.

## Business career

In 1956 Hopper joined W. R. Grace and Company in New York City to work as a financial analyst. After three years, he returned to Britain to be London office manager of H Hentz & Co, who were members of the New York Stock Exchange. After six years he became general manager of S. G. Warburg & Co Ltd, and three years after that he was made a Director of Hill Samuel.

## Institute for Fiscal Studies

Hopper had discussed with three friends, all of whom were professional finance employees, the way in which Capital Gains Tax had been introduced in 1965, which all concerned thought had been disastrous. Over dinner in July 1968 the friends decided that what was needed was a non-partisan Institute which would research such proposals and report on them to the political world and the wider public; the Institute for Fiscal Studies was formally launched on 21 May 1969 with Hopper as founder chairman. The Institute also had undeclared objectives of improving procedures for changing taxation, and making taxation more rational. While at Hill Samuel, he became involved in examining the possibility of the Common Market developing a Common Capital Market which might include the United Kingdom; he knew this would transform the operation of the London capital markets. In 1975, Hopper left Hill Samuel to become a director of Morgan Grenfell. He was awarded the 'Deal of the Year' by *Institutional Investor* magazine in 1976 for his handling of a bond issue for the European Investment Bank.

## European Parliament

Hopper became increasingly involved in politics in the late 1970s. In August 1977 he wrote to *The Times* to criticise Chancellor of the Exchequer Denis Healey for threatening retaliation against companies who broke Government incomes policy; Hopper considered that doing so was arbitrary and amounted to an abandonment of the rule of law. He asked rhetorically whether "liberal democracy \[is\] dead in the land of its birth?" For the 1979 European Parliament election, Hopper was chosen as the Conservative Party candidate for Greater Manchester West, a constituency which included Bolton, Salford and Altrincham. The constituency had had a Labour majority at the 1979 general election but Hopper succeeded in scoring a surprise victory by 302 votes, which made it the narrowest win in the country.

## Monetary union

Hopper specialised in economic policy at the European Parliament. In November 1980 he made a speech on behalf of the European Democratic Group in which he urged that member states not adopt economic policies which were in competition with each other. He said that the European Monetary System needed central supervision but should not concentrate on keeping currency exchange rates within narrow bands and instead make it difficult for member states to export unemployment to each other. The next month he criticised the government of Japan for managing its exchange rates to promote exports, particularly of cars, which meant that there had never been fair competition.

## 1981 budget

When 364 economists wrote to denounce the Conservative government's 1981 budget, Hopper defended the government by arguing that the group "had 364 different opinions" on an alternative policy, and that their call would lead to "fiscal stimulation which will end in renewed inflation and yet higher unemployment". Later that year he criticised Edward Heath for advocating a "ringfence" of exchange controls across the European Community, which Hopper described as "beguiling nonsense".

At the 1984 European Parliament election, Hopper's constituency underwent unwelcome boundary changes which removed Altrincham and added Bury. In addition, he was opposed by Barbara Castle, the sitting Labour member for Greater Manchester North who was a very well known figure. Hopper was defeated for re-election by 37,698 votes.

## Later career

Hopper had remained at Morgan Grenfell as an adviser while serving in the European Parliament, and he swiftly became a Director of Wharf Resources Ltd., a firm based in Calgary in Canada. His constituency connections in Manchester paid off when he was made a Director of the Manchester Ship Canal Company from 1985 to 1987. He was executive chairman of Shire Trust Ltd from 1986 to 1991 and chairman of Robust Mouldings Ltd from 1986 to 1990; Hopper also served as an adviser to Yamaichi International (Europe) from 1986 to 1988. In 1996 he set up W J Hopper & Co Ltd, an investment banking company.

Outside of business Hopper was involved in voluntary sector activities. He was a trustee of the National Hospital for Nervous Diseases Development Trust from 1986 to 1990. He is a Unitarian and was a member of the Committee of Management of Rosslyn Hill Unitarian Chapel from 1995 to 2000, returning in 2004 (he served as chairman in 1995 to 1998). He was also a member of the London District and South Eastern Provincial Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches from 2000 to 2004.

## Personal Awards

'Deal of the Year' by *Institutional Investor* magazine in 1976 for his handling of a bond issue for the European Investment Bank.

Lifetime Achievement Award in Private Equity from the Thunderbird School of Global Management.

## Puritan Gift

In 2006, he wrote with his brother, Kenneth Hopper, a study of the Protestant work ethic in the United States, called *The Puritan Gift: Triumph, Collapse and Revival of an American Dream*. A second hardback edition was published in 2008. In 2009 a paperback edition was published with the new subtitle: *Reclaiming the American Dream amidst Global Financial Chaos.* While writing a sequel, Hopper was targeted by fraudsters posing as bank staff and lost £1,000; he persuaded the fraudsters to give him £300 back for spending money, and eventually recouped his loss from his own bank, thereby making a profit.


title: William Horace Temple

abstract: William Horace (Bill) Temple, nicknamed "Temperance Bill" or "Temperance Willie", was a Canadian socialist politician, trade union activist, businessman and temperance crusader. As a youth he worked for the railway. During World War I, and World War II he served in the Royal Naval Air Service and later on the Royal Canadian Air Force. Between the wars, he was a salesman, and then he started a clothing import business. He became a socialist during that period and joined the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) when it was formed. He ran for political office many times for the CCF, both federally and provincially. The highlight of his political career was in 1948, when he defeated the incumbent Ontario Premier George Drew in his own legislative seat, in the electoral district of High Park, even though Drew's party won the general election with a majority government. His tenure was relatively short, serving only one term, and was defeated in the 1951 provincial election, and went back into the clothing import business. In his later years, he successfully led the political fight to maintain the prohibition on selling alcohol in a section of Toronto's west end and won three referendums in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. He died in the spring of 1988, a few months before another referendum on lifting the restrictions on alcohol in the area was again defeated, his "last" victory.

text:
# William Horace Temple

**William Horace (Bill) Temple** (28 November 1898 – 9 April 1988), nicknamed "Temperance Bill" or "Temperance Willie", was a Canadian socialist politician, trade union activist, businessman and temperance crusader. As a youth he worked for the railway. During World War I, and World War II he served in the Royal Naval Air Service and later on the Royal Canadian Air Force. Between the wars, he was a salesman, and then he started a clothing import business. He became a socialist during that period and joined the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) when it was formed. He ran for political office many times for the CCF, both federally and provincially. The highlight of his political career was in 1948, when he defeated the incumbent Ontario Premier George Drew in his own legislative seat, in the electoral district of High Park, even though Drew's party won the general election with a majority government. His tenure was relatively short, serving only one term, and was defeated in the 1951 provincial election, and went back into the clothing import business. In his later years, he successfully led the political fight to maintain the prohibition on selling alcohol in a section of Toronto's west end and won three referendums in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. He died in the spring of 1988, a few months before another referendum on lifting the restrictions on alcohol in the area was again defeated, his "last" victory.

## Early life

Temple was born in Montreal on 28 November 1898, and was one of five children. His father was a railway conductor, and the family moved with him to Toronto in 1909. After completing grade 8, due in part to his father's alcoholism, he took a job as an office boy with the Grand Trunk Railway for $5 a week.

## Military career

At the age of 17 Temple went to fight in World War I, joining the Royal Navy Air Service as a fighter pilot before transferring to the Royal Air Force, where he destroyed three Royal Air Force planes and no enemy ones. In 1942, during World War II, he was a flying officer on intelligence operations for the Royal Canadian Air Force stationed in Sydney, Nova Scotia and Gander, Newfoundland.

## Young adulthood

After World War I, Temple was treated as a war hero by his employer. The Arrow Shirt Company president met Temple's train in Montreal, where he promoted him to travelling salesman for the company's Winnipeg office.

It was in Winnipeg where Temple – who had been a staunch Conservative, supporting Prime Ministers Sir Robert Borden and Arthur Meighen – was captivated by the speeches of local socialist clergyman and politician J. S. Woodsworth, and became a socialist in 1921. Temple would regularly encounter Woodsworth, then a member of parliament in Ottawa, on train trips for his sales job. Arrow moved him and his wife Mary Temple to Regina, Saskatchewan where he met Major James Coldwell, who at the time, was the principal at the school that she taught at. Coldwell was the leader of the Independent Labour party (ILP), and Temple would drive him to political rallies and events during this period. Another important socialist figure that he met at this time, was Clarence Fines, an assistant principal at Coldwell's school. They would go door-to-door to raise money for the ILP. Fines would later become the finance minister in Tommy Douglas's Saskatchewan government during the 1940s and 1950s. Temple joined the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) when it was formed by Woodsworth and his followers in 1932.

## Great Depression

When Temple was transferred by Arrow to Kitchener, Ontario in 1933, he became president of the local CCF organization. His employer disapproved of Temple's socialist activism and told him to choose between politics and his job. Temple chose politics, putting himself out of work when the Depression was at its worst. Temple borrowed $5,000 from his sister and went to England, where he obtained samples of cashmere sweaters, Dack slacks and Burberry coats, and returned to Canada to find retail outlets. His import business continued until the war, when he enlisted in the RCAF.

## Political career

In 1943, Flying Officer Temple, took leave, to become the Ontario CCF's candidate in the west-end Toronto constituency of High Park in the provincial election. He was narrowly defeated by George Drew, the leader of the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party, by a mere 400 votes. Drew became Premier of Ontario as a result of the election.

Temple ran in the June 1945 federal election as the CCF candidate in High Park. He placed third. Undeterred by his previous electoral defeats, he ran again in the High Park constituency, this time at the provincial level, in the 1948 Ontario election. Temple castigated Drew for softening Ontario's liquor laws and claimed that he was the captive of "liquor interests" because of the government's decision to allow liquor sales in cocktail bars. While Drew's party swept to victory across the province, Drew himself was defeated by Temple and decided to resign as premier and to move to federal politics.

After being elected, Temple continued to hound Drew. In the fall of 1948, Drew become the leader of the federal Progressive Conservatives. He needed a seat in the federal parliament and contested a by-election in the Ottawa-area electoral district of Carleton to win a seat in the House of Commons. The federal Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) was determined to defeat him and so it ran Eugene Forsey as its candidate. Temple was brought up from Toronto to appear at a political meeting in Richmond, Ontario's Town Hall, where Forsey and Drew were speaking. He accused the Tory leader of being "a tool of the liquor interests" and also made suggestions about Drew's sobriety. Throughout the evening, Drew grew more red-faced and explosive every time Temple spoke. Finally, after Drew misheard Temple calling him dishonest, the two men were restrained before they could come to physical blows with each other. A riot was barely averted, and the meeting had to be terminated. However, on 20 December 1948, Drew soundly defeated Forsey and went on to sit in Parliament.

As a Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP), Temple fought for temperance and for housing for World War II veterans. He was elected CCF Caucus chairman shortly after he had defeated Drew. His temperance crusades in the legislature put him at odds with the party establishment, including national secretary, David Lewis. The following year, he was not re-elected Caucus Chairman. Temple remained in the Ontario legislature until his defeat in the 1951 election. After his defeat, he returned to the clothing import business until his retirement in the late 1960s.

Temple remained an activist in the CCF. In the early 1950s, he was a leader of the "Ginger Group", a group of dissident CCFers who argued that the party's poor performance in the 1951 provincial election was due to the party moving away from taking clear socialist stands on issues and instead focussing too much on organizational issues. The group opposed what it saw as the "bureaucratization" of the CCF with salaried organizers and a greater emphasis on fundraising taking the place of grassroots volunteers and political education and discussion. Temple and his supporters also argued that power was being increasingly concentrated in the hands of the party executive instead of the grassroots, which resulted in the squelching of democratic discussion and grassroots policy development and sought to rectify this by curtailing the powers of the provincial secretary.

On 12 April 1952, at the 18th annual provincial convention, Temple nearly ran for leader against Ted Jolliffe but withdrew at the last minute and allowed Jolliffe to be acclaimed. Temple then ran for party president against the establishment candidate, Ted Isley, but was defeated 112 to 85. Temple and one other member of the Ginger Group, True Davidson, were then subsequently elected to the executive as vice-presidents.

He remained a member of the CCF's successor, the Ontario New Democratic Party, for much of his life but resigned from the NDP in 1987. He stated that he "cannot possibly accept the liquor policy of the party."

## Temperance crusader

He acquired the nickname "Temperance Willie" while he served in the RCAF. His anti-liquor attitudes formed in his early years as a result of his father's alcoholism as well as his Methodist upbringing and experiences in the military. He admitted to having a few drinks during World War I: "Of course I've had a drink, you cannot go through two world wars without taking a drink," he told the *Globe and Mail*, but he added, "I think I had a few on Nov. 11, 1918, but I don't really remember having any since."

After his political defeat, he remained active in West Toronto, where he founded the Inter-Church Temperance League. When the community joined the city of Toronto in 1909, it did so on condition of remaining a "dry" district in which alcohol sales were prohibited, as they had been since 1904. Temple and his Temperance League fought for half a century to maintain that regulation despite attempts by the city to reverse it. Over the years, several plebiscites were held on allowing alcohol sales, and Temple and his supporters successfully fought against permitting alcohol sales in referendums held in 1966, 1972, 1984. He died several months before a 1988 plebiscite, but he had already begun the campaign, and his supporters credited him with their victory. It was not until after Temple's death that neighbourhoods in the area finally voted to allow alcohol sales, beginning in 1994 in the St. Clair West area and ending in The Junction in 2000, the last dry region in West Toronto that became wet.

## Trade unionism

Temple was also a supporter of trade union rights throughout his life, and walked on countless picket lines. In the fall of 1973, during a strike by the independent Canadian Textile and Chemical Union at Artistic Woodworking in North York, while on the picket line, he was arrested and charged with assaulting a police officer. When Temple's case was brought to trial, the officer who had allegedly been assaulted (who was twice Temple's size and more than half his age) claimed in testimony that he had smelled alcohol on Temple's breath. That caused more offence to Temple than the claim that he had committed an assault, and a long series of character witnesses testified that Temple had never consumed anything stronger than ginger ale as long as they had known him. The charges were dismissed.

## Religion

Temple was raised a Methodist and was a member of the United Church of Canada, where he attended every Sunday, although in the latter years of his life he said his religious views were probably closer to the Unitarian Church.

## Personal life

Temple was predeceased by his son, William Price Temple; who was hospitalized for over four months, in and out of a coma, and finally succumbed to an undiagnosed brain disease on 21 August 1956. His wife, Mary Temple, served for a period as an alderman on the Toronto City Council for Ward 7 from 1959 to 1969, and had served as a school trustee for the ward. She also served as Chair of the Toronto School Board in the 1950s.

Temple died on 9 April 1988, at the Queensway General Hospital, after a short illness at the age of 89.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| William H. Temple | |
| --- | --- |
| Temple at his campaign victory party in 1948 | |
|  | |
| Member of Provincial Parliament | |
| **In office**
1948–1951 | |
| Preceded by | George Drew |
| Succeeded by | Alfred Hozack Cowling |
| Constituency | High Park |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1898-11-28)28 November 1898
Montreal, Quebec, Canada |
| Died | 9 April 1988(1988-04-09) (aged 89)
Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
| Political party | Co-operative Commonwealth Federation/New Democratic Party |
| Spouse | Mary Temple |
| Children | 2 |
| Residence(s) | Toronto, Ontario |
| Occupation | Businessman |
| Nickname | Temperance Bill |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Canada |
| Branch/service | Royal Canadian Air Force |
| Years of service | 1942–1945 |
| Rank | Flying Officer |
| Battles/wars | Battle of the Atlantic |
| War | World War II |
| Allegiance | Britain |
| Branch | Royal Naval Air Service |
| Service Years | 1916–1918 |
| Rank | Flying Officer |
|  | |


title: Monte Arcosu

abstract: Monte Arcosu is a mountain in the Sulcis massif, in southern Sardinia, Italy. It has an elevation of 948 metres (3,110 ft). The mountain has a characteristically truncated cone shape, resulting from the differential erosion which followed its formation during the Variscan orogeny. The massif is formed by a granitic intrusion from the Carboniferous, lying on a Paleozoic schist basement and in turn surmounted by Paleozoic scists. The Variscan orogeny removed the upper schist layer from all the massif's peaks but Monte Arcosu, modelling it and showing the granite along the steep slopes.

text:
# Monte Arcosu

**Monte Arcosu** is a mountain in the Sulcis massif, in southern Sardinia, Italy. It has an elevation of 948 metres (3,110 ft).

The mountain has a characteristically truncated cone shape, resulting from the differential erosion which followed its formation during the Variscan orogeny. The massif is formed by a granitic intrusion from the Carboniferous, lying on a Paleozoic schist basement and in turn surmounted by Paleozoic scists. The Variscan orogeny removed the upper schist layer from all the massif's peaks but Monte Arcosu, modelling it and showing the granite along the steep slopes.

## Sources

* Barca, Sebastiano; Di Gregorio, Felice (1993). "Geologia e paesaggio in Sulcis". *I Parchi della Sardegna*. Cagliari: Edisar. pp. 238–240. ISBN 88-86004-35-4.

## InfoBox

| Monte Arcosu | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 948 m (3,110 ft) |
| Coordinates | 39°11′42″N 8°51′25″E / 39.19500°N 8.85694°E / 39.19500; 8.85694 |
| Geography | |
| Monte ArcosuSardinia, Italy | |
| Parent range | Sulcis Mountains |


title: Monnetyra

abstract: Monnetyra diabolica is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Monnetyra. It was described by Galileo and Martins in 2003.

text:
# Monnetyra

***Monnetyra diabolica*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus ***Monnetyra***. It was described by Galileo and Martins in 2003.

## InfoBox

| *Monnetyra* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Monnetyra*
Galileo & Martins, 2003 |
| Species: | ***M. diabolica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Monnetyra diabolica***
(Galileo & Martins, 2003) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Anhanga* Galileo & Martins, 2003 | |


title: Monk Bretton Bridge

abstract: The Monk Bretton Bridge is a road bridge over the River Rother in Rye, East Sussex. It carries the A259 road, a major road between Folkestone and Hastings, and is the most downstream crossing of the river. The area around the river beyond this resembles saltmarsh compared to that further upstream. The bridge was planned as a replacement for a ferry over the river that carried fisherman traffic from Camber and East Guldeford to the fish market at Rye. It opened on 25 April 1893 at a cost of £3,160 and was named after John George Dodson, 1st Baron Monk Bretton. The bridge was constructed by a deck supported on two sets of iron piles. It was later reinforced with concrete. The Rye and Camber Tramway opened in 1895, with the Rye station located east of the River Rother. It did not connect to the main railway line; instead passengers travelled between the two stations via the Monk Bretton Bridge. The bridge was closed in October 2007 for refurbishment, involving lengthy detours.

text:
# Monk Bretton Bridge

The **Monk Bretton Bridge** is a road bridge over the River Rother in Rye, East Sussex. It carries the A259 road, a major road between Folkestone and Hastings, and is the most downstream crossing of the river. The area around the river beyond this resembles saltmarsh compared to that further upstream.

The bridge was planned as a replacement for a ferry over the river that carried fisherman traffic from Camber and East Guldeford to the fish market at Rye. It opened on 25 April 1893 at a cost of £3,160 (£443,000 as of 2023) and was named after John George Dodson, 1st Baron Monk Bretton. The bridge was constructed by a deck supported on two sets of iron piles. It was later reinforced with concrete.

The Rye and Camber Tramway opened in 1895, with the Rye station located east of the River Rother. It did not connect to the main railway line (now the Marshlink line); instead passengers travelled between the two stations via the Monk Bretton Bridge.

The bridge was closed in October 2007 for refurbishment, involving lengthy detours.

50°57′11″N 0°44′21″E / 50.95315°N 0.73926°E / 50.95315; 0.73926


title: Monk Bridge Viaduct Garden

abstract: The Monk Bridge Viaduct Garden, initially marketed as the Viaduct Urban Garden, is an elevated park and garden in Leeds, England. The garden or park is located on top of the Grade II listed viaduct. The park was completed in 2023, after it was converted from a disused railway viaduct.

text:
# Monk Bridge Viaduct Garden

The **Monk Bridge Viaduct Garden,** initially marketed as the **Viaduct Urban Garden**, is an elevated park and garden in Leeds, England. The garden or park is located on top of the Grade II listed viaduct.

The park was completed in 2023, after it was converted from a disused railway viaduct.

## Background

The Monk Bridge viaduct on which the park is located was constructed in the 1800s, presumed to be around the same time as the opening of the Leeds Central railway station in 1854. Leeds opted to close one of its central train stations in 1961 and amalgamated all the rail to Leeds railway station, which is now the only central railway station in Leeds. Leeds Central was then demolished years later, its site has now become the business district and public square, Wellington Place.

The viaduct was partly demolished, leaving around 200 meters of what would have been around half a kilometre long when the station was in use. Leeds's south is dotted with railway viaducts, both in use and abandoned. Following completion of New York City's High Line, a greenway was suggested on another viaduct, but construction is yet to start on that project. Meanwhile, a nearby developer purchased a much shorter disused viaduct, which has now become the Viaduct Urban Garden.

The design of the new Viaduct Garden was carried out by Ares Landscape Architects, as part of the adjacent residential development of The Junction.

Work on converting the viaduct began in 2022 and opened the first phase of the park in 2023. When the park opened it became the first elevated park in the county of Yorkshire.

## Location

The park is accessed to the west of Wellington Place, a public square in Leeds' west end. A new stairwell and lift were constructed on the end of the viaduct for access. Other access points are likely to be available in the future as nearby developments reach completion.

The Viaduct Urban Garden isn't to be confused with the Holbeck Viaduct Project, which is a much longer viaduct where proposals for over a decade have suggested the creation of a greenway running over a 1 mile in length.

The old train station was located a few hundred meters from the current viaduct park as you look towards central Leeds, with the viaduct serving as the main entrance and exit to the terminus train station.

## InfoBox

| Monk Bridge Viaduct Garden | |
| --- | --- |
| Garden during planting in 2023 | |
|  | |
| Type | Elevated urban linear park; public park |
| Location | Leeds, West Yorkshire |
| Coordinates | 53°47′39″N 1°33′34″W / 53.7943°N 1.5595°W / 53.7943; -1.5595 |
| Created | 2023 (2023) |
| Status | Grade II listed |


title: Monona, Wisconsin

abstract: Monona is a city in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States. A suburb of the state capital, Madison, the city lies on the southeastern shore of Lake Monona, from which it takes its name. The population was 8,624 at the 2020 census.

text:
# Monona, Wisconsin

**Monona** is a city in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States. A suburb of the state capital, Madison, the city lies on the southeastern shore of Lake Monona, from which it takes its name. The population was 8,624 at the 2020 census.

## History

Originally part of the Town of Blooming Grove, Monona was incorporated as a village on August 29, 1938. Prior to 1938, the area mainly consisted of farmland and summer homes. However, by 1938, permanent homes and small businesses had become much more common in the area. During the 1950s, Monona grew in population from 2,544 to 8,178.

In 1963, Monona built a community center and adjacent swimming pool. In 1967, a public library was built. In 1969, when Monona incorporated as a city, a city hall was built across from the library. It houses all city operations, including the fire and police departments.

### Indian mound discovery

During the 1940s, a mound was cut into during street construction and skeletons were uncovered. This Indian burial mound was thought to have been built around 1,500 years ago by the Hopewell Indians A Wisconsin historical marker was placed at this site in 1998, inscribed with the following:

The Outlet Mound "The largest of 19 conical, oval and linear mounds once located in this vicinity, the Outlet Mound was built by Woodland Indians about 2,000 years ago. Constructed as a burial place, the mound was saved from destruction by the Wisconsin Archeological Society and local citizens in 1944 and donated to the City of Monona."

The area where the mound was discovered, now known as Indian Mounds Park, is located at the corner of Midwood and Ridgewood Avenues.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

## Geography

Monona is located at 43°3′25″N 89°20′1″W / 43.05694°N 89.33361°W / 43.05694; -89.33361 (43.057029, -89.333716).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.35 square miles (8.68 km2), of which, 3.26 square miles (8.44 km2) is land and 0.09 square miles (0.23 km2) is water.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1940 | 1,323 |  |  |
| 1950 | 2,544 |  | 92.3% |
| 1960 | 8,178 |  | 221.5% |
| 1970 | 10,420 |  | 27.4% |
| 1980 | 8,809 |  | −15.5% |
| 1990 | 8,637 |  | −2.0% |
| 2000 | 8,018 |  | −7.2% |
| 2010 | 7,533 |  | −6.0% |
| 2020 | 8,624 |  | 14.5% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 7,533 people, 3,777 households, and 1,925 families living in the city. The population density was 2,310.7 inhabitants per square mile (892.2/km2). There were 4,088 housing units at an average density of 1,254.0 per square mile (484.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 92.5% White, 2.8% African American, 0.5% Native American, 1.4% Asian, 1.1% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.1% of the population.

There were 3,777 households, of which 20.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.0% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 49.0% were non-families. 40.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.99 and the average family size was 2.71.

The median age in the city was 45.9 years. 16.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.9% were from 25 to 44; 32% were from 45 to 64; and 19.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.7% male and 52.3% female.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 3,768 households, and 2,053 families living in the city. The population density was 2,387.5 people per square mile (921.4/km2). There were 3,922 housing units at an average density of 1,167.8 per square mile (450.7/km2).

There were 3,768 households, out of which 23.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.3% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.5% were non-families. 37.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12 and the average family size was 2.80.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.5% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 26.3% from 45 to 64, and 17.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $48,034, and the median income for a family was $58,635. Males had a median income of $40,267 versus $30,912 for females. The per capita income for the city was $26,072. About 2.2% of families and 5.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.9% of those under age 18 and 3.1% of those age 65 or over.

## Economy

The Sand County Foundation is located in Monona, as is the Widen software company.

1. Passon, Kevin (April 13, 2017). "Voters choose O'Connor as city's next mayor". The Herald-Independent. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
2. "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
3. "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
4. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
5. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
6. "History of Monona | Monona, WI - Official Website". *mymonona.com*. Retrieved March 31, 2019.
7. *The Outlet Mound* (Wisconsin Historical Marker). Monona, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Historical Society. 1998.
8. City of Monona: Parks & Recreation \> Parks & Open Spaces \> Indian Mounds Park
9. LandmarkHunter.com | Outlet Mound
10. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
11. "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 25, 2012. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
12. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
13. "The 50 best small companies to work for of 2017, according to employees". *Business Insider*.

## InfoBox

| Monona, Wisconsin | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| Monona post office | |
| Location of Monona in Dane County, Wisconsin. | |
| Coordinates: 43°3′25″N 89°20′1″W / 43.05694°N 89.33361°W / 43.05694; -89.33361 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Wisconsin |
| County | Dane |
| Incorporated | August 29, 1938 |
| Government | |
| Type | City Council/Mayor |
| Mayor | Mary O'Connor |
| Area | |
| Total | 3.35 sq mi (8.68 km2) |
| Land | 3.26 sq mi (8.44 km2) |
| Water | 0.09 sq mi (0.24 km2) |
| Elevation | 879 ft (268 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 8,624 |
| Density | 2,508.44/sq mi (968.45/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 53716 |
| Area code | 608 |
| FIPS code | 55-53675 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1569653 |
| Website | www.mymonona.com |


title: William J. Reese (architect)

abstract: William Jerome Reese was an American born architect, whose most important works were built in or near the eastern end of Long Island, New York, specifically in the Hamptons area. Although the body of his work includes traditional, post modern and classic architectural styles, he is best known for his modern buildings, many being borderline brutalism.

text:
# William J. Reese (architect)

**William Jerome Reese** (April 24, 1943 – November 30, 2011) was an American born architect, whose most important works were built in or near the eastern end of Long Island, New York, specifically in the Hamptons area. Although the body of his work includes traditional, post modern and classic architectural styles, he is best known for his modern buildings, many being borderline brutalism.

## Early life

Born in Coronado, California, on April 24, 1943, he was the son of Hope King Reese and Wilbur Roy Reese. The Reese family moved to Williamsburg, Virginia, when he was seven, and he attended James Blair High School before enrolling in the University of Virginia as an undergraduate. From 1966 to 1968, he served in the U.S. Navy on a search and rescue ship off the coast of Vietnam. Upon completion of his military service, he returned to school and graduated with bachelor's degree in architecture in 1971.

After receiving his professional certification in 1973, Bill spent several years working for architecture firms in the Charlottesville and Newport News area before relocating to La Jolla, California, in 1977. He practiced architecture in the San Diego area until 1982.

Reese believed the work of architect Rudolph Schindler to be of great importance and considered Schindler's contribution to the world of architecture to be monumental. He found in him a kindred spirit and was inspired by the freedom and simplicity of his designs.

Reese lived in one of Schindler's homes in the Pueblo Ribera complex in La Jolla, California in the early 1980s. The impact of Schindler's simplistic architectural style can be seen in many of Reese's designs, including the North Haven, New York home for which Reese was featured by *Metropolitan Home* magazine as one of the top 100 architects to have been published by the magazine.

## Later professional career

In 1982, Reese headed east to join his long-time friend and colleague Kirby Grimes and set up an office in Bridgehampton. He remained on the East End until 2006, when he returned to California and opened an office in La Jolla.

## Projects and awards

Over the years, Reese designed more than 225 projects, including single family residences, high-rise and low-rise apartment buildings and various commercial projects. His work was featured in numerous publications, including, among others, *Home*, *House & Garden*, *Woman's Day*, *Glamour*, and *Metropolitan Home*, in which his home in Shinnecock Hills was featured on the cover and chosen as House of the Year.

In 1993 *The New York Times* featured Reese's 6000 sq ft eco-house at Water Mill, Long Island. The house used off-the-shelf materials, and environmental features including a tall ventilation tower and a large concrete slab to provide radiant heat.

He was also the recipient of several design awards, including two from the American Institute of Architects.

## Bibliography

* August H. Muff, *Glamour Making It Modern*, Filipacchi Publishing, New York (May 20, 2009) pages 134 & 164


title: Monte Hale

abstract: Monte Hale was an American B-Western film star and country musician.

text:
# Monte Hale

**Monte Hale** (born **Samuel Buren Ely** June 8, 1919 – March 29, 2009) was an American B-Western film star and country musician.

## Biography

Sometimes reported to have been born in San Angelo, Texas, Hale was actually born in Ada, Oklahoma but grew up in Shawnee, Oklahoma, attending Washington Grade School and Shawnee High School. (Texas birthplace reportedly sounded better for the movies.) After working as a laborer at various jobs in Ada and Enid, Oklahoma, Herod Ely settled in Shawnee and became an evangelist with the Church of God. His oldest son, Buren, was known to use his musical talent during his father's services. The boy had gathered pecans and picked cotton to earn money to buy his first guitar. Soon he was singing and playing the guitar wherever he could find an audience. His parents had divorced and both had remarried, with youngest brother Bobby going with his mother. In 1934, 16-year-old Buren left home, as many boys did during the Depression. He headed for Houston and found work playing his music. From there he went to Albuquerque, New Mexico, working on a radio station. A man there convinced him to head to California, but all he was able to do there was scratch together a small band and play at a winter resort dude ranch. After four years he returned to Texas Vaudeville and local rodeo shows. During World War II he got a job as a replacement guitarist with the *Stars Over Texas* Bond Drive, joining several Republic Pictures celebrities and staff.  This introduced him to western stars like Chill Wills and convinced Phil Isley to recommended him to Herbert Yates, head of Republic Pictures. Yates agreed to "test" him but he must fund his own trip. Some friends gave him $200 and he flew to Los Angeles.

It was 1944 and he signed with the company for seven years and changed his name from Buren Ely to "Monte Hale." He soon starred in his first major role in *Home on the Range*. He appeared in some of the first westerns filmed in colour and was given use of Roy Rogers' musical sidekicks, the "Sons of the Pioneers" for one of his movies. He was often cast as a young cowboy, with cameos by Don Barry, Allen Lane and Roy Rogers and Dale Evans. Hale then played more traditional Western heroes in films set in the late 19th century. By 1947 the formula was set with Paul Hurst joining the series as Hale's sidekick and Riders of the Purple Sage providing the music. At this point he ceased playing the character named for himself.

In 1948, he made a trip back to see friends and family in his hometown of Shawnee plus appearances in 18 other Oklahoma towns to promote his latest movie, *Son of God's Country*. He reported that he had to leave his horse Pardner behind.

Hale was also a recording star and appeared in a series of Western comics published by Fawcett Comics. Beginning in 1948, Hale had his own title with more than 50 issues. In fact, his comic book stardom lasted longer than his film stardom. Republic began cutting back on the Western genre moving to television. He finished his Republic contract with an appearance in the Roy Rogers-Dale Evans movie *Trail of Robin Hood* with fellow Republic stars Rex Allen and Rocky Lane.

Hale made many public appearances at rodeos and other Western shows. He played a villain role in the 1954's *Yukon Vengeance*. His last movie appearance was in *Giant* in 1956, where part of his job was to teach James Dean to use a lariat. He appeared in a few television roles and movies up until 1966. On November 12, 2004, for his work in movies, he received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. He was also instrumental in the foundation of what is now the Autry National Center of the American West.

Played “Sergeant” on "Gunsmoke" in the 1959 episode “Blue Horse” (S4E38).

In 1998, a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs, California, Walk of Stars was dedicated to him.

## Death

He died at 89 in Studio City, California after a long illness; he was survived by his wife of 31 years, Joanne. He was buried at the Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Hollywood Hills, California.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1944 | *The Big Bonanza* | Saloon Singer |  |
| 1945 | *The Topeka Terror* | Settler | Uncredited |
| 1945 | *Steppin' in Society* |  | Uncredited |
| 1945 | *Oregon Trail* | Train Passenger | Uncredited |
| 1945 | *The Purple Monster Strikes* | Dr. Harvey | Serial, \[Chs. 13-14\] |
| 1945 | *Bandits of the Badlands* | Dr. Steve Carson |  |
| 1945 | *Rough Riders of Cheyenne* | Ward Tuttle |  |
| 1945 | *Colorado Pioneers* | Cowhand That Quits |  |
| 1946 | *The Phantom Rider* | Cowboy Cass | Serial, \[Ch. 1\] |
| 1946 | *California Gold Rush* | Pete - Driver That Quits |  |
| 1946 | *Home on the Range* | Himself |  |
| 1946 | *Sun Valley Cyclone* | Jeff |  |
| 1946 | *Man from Rainbow Valley* | Himself |  |
| 1946 | *Out California Way* | |  |
| 1947 | *Last Frontier Uprising* | |  |
| 1947 | *Along the Oregon Trail* | |  |
| 1947 | *Under Colorado Skies* | |  |
| 1948 | *California Firebrand* | |  |
| 1948 | *The Timber Trail* | |  |
| 1948 | *Son of God's Country* | |  |
| 1949 | *Prince of the Plains* | Bat Masterson |  |
| 1949 | *Law of the Golden West* | Bill Cody |  |
| 1949 | *Outcasts of the Trail* | Pat Garrett |  |
| 1949 | *South of Rio* | Jeff Lanning |  |
| 1949 | *San Antone Ambush* | Lt. Ross Kincaid |  |
| 1949 | *Ranger of Cherokee Strip* | Ranger Steve Howard |  |
| 1949 | *Pioneer Marshal* | Marshal Ed Sherwood Posing as Ted Post |  |
| 1950 | *The Vanishing Westerner* | Chris Adams |  |
| 1950 | *The Old Frontier* | Marshal Barney Regan |  |
| 1950 | *The Missourians* | Marshal Bill Blades |  |
| 1950 | *Trail of Robin Hood* | Himself |  |
| 1954 | *Yukon Vengeance* | Jim Barclay |  |
| 1956 | *Giant* | Bale Clinch |  |
| 1962 | *The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance* |  | Uncredited |
| 1966 | *The Chase* | Dental Delegate | Uncredited |

## InfoBox

| Monte Hale | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Samuel "Buren" Ely
(1919-06-08)June 8, 1919
Ada, Oklahoma, U.S. |
| Died | March 29, 2009(2009-03-29) (aged 89)
Studio City, California, U.S. |
| Resting place | Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills) |
| Occupation(s) | Actor, singer |
| Years active | 1944–1968 |
| Spouse | Joanne Hale |


title: Metapsychiatry

abstract: Metapsychiatry is a spiritual form of psychotherapy developed by Hungarian psychiatrist Thomas Hora (1914–1995) in the second half of the 20th century. Hora described it as "a scientific method of healing and education based on metaphysical concepts of man and the universe". Hora created metapsychiatry because he felt existing psychoanalysis failed to account for human spirituality, and felt that current psychiatric healing was often temporary. It is characterized by a hermeneutic approach.

text:
# Metapsychiatry

**Metapsychiatry** is a spiritual form of psychotherapy developed by Hungarian psychiatrist Thomas Hora (1914–1995) in the second half of the 20th century. Hora described it as "a scientific method of healing and education based on metaphysical concepts of man and the universe". Hora created metapsychiatry because he felt existing psychoanalysis failed to account for human spirituality, and felt that current psychiatric healing was often temporary. It is characterized by a hermeneutic approach.

## Characteristics

Metapsychiatry borrows from Judeo-Christian, Zen Buddhist and Taoist religious traditions, along with theistic existentialist philosophy and phenomenology; similarities to Morita therapy have been noted. It makes a distinction between religious practice and spiritual interest. God is perceived as "limitless, infinite and non-material". Its style originates with the assertion that "the meaning and purpose of life are to come to know reality", which is defined as "God", "Love-Intelligence" or "Infinite Mind".

The study of metapsychiatry includes the implementation of "the two intelligent questions", which seek to distinguish between experiential and spiritual existence. The first question is "What is the meaning of what seems to be?" The second question asks, "What is what really is?" The aim is a reorientation from a preoccupation with material appearances toward the apprehension of spiritual reality. Metapsychiatry maintains that the problems of humankind are based on ignorance, and may be overcome through "Knowledge of the truth of what really is." Problems are viewed as psychological; answers are spiritual. Metapsychiatry holds that suffering is the product of self-confirmatory thought, the insistence on affirming one's existence, and that relief from suffering is realized through enlightened transcendence of the material world.

The qualities of peace, assurance, gratitude and love (PAGL) are cited as indicating a state of spiritual consciousness.

## Further reading


title: Navia stenodonta

abstract: Navia stenodonta is a plant species in the genus Navia. This species is endemic to Venezuela.

text:
# Navia stenodonta

***Navia stenodonta*** is a plant species in the genus *Navia*. This species is endemic to Venezuela.

* Holst, Bruce K. (1 February 1994). "Checklist of Venezuelan Bromeliaceae with Notes on Species Distribution by State and Levels of Endemism". *Selbyana*. **15** (1). ISSN 2689-0682. JSTOR 41759858.

## InfoBox

| *Navia stenodonta* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Bromeliaceae |
| Genus: | *Navia* |
| Species: | ***N. stenodonta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Navia stenodonta***<br>L.B.Sm. | |
|


title: 13 chansons nouvelles

abstract: 13 chansons nouvelles is the seventh French studio album by Joe Dassin. It came out in 1973 on CBS Disques.

text:
# 13 chansons nouvelles

***13 chansons nouvelles*** is the seventh French studio album by Joe Dassin. It came out in 1973 on CBS Disques.

## Track listing

Side 1
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "À chacun sa chanson" (*I Shall Sing*) | Van Morrison | 3:10 |
| 2. | "On s'en va" | Pierre Delanoë, Claude Lemesle, Joe Dassin | 2:47 |
| 3. | "Dédé le kid" | Pierre Delanoë, Claude Lemesle, Daniel Vangarde | 2:37 |
| 4. | "Pourquoi pas moi" (*I Got a Name*) | Jim Croce | 3:45 |
| 5. | "Allons danser Valérie" | Jack Downing | 2:45 |
| 6. | "Les Plus Belles Années de ma vie" ("Rock 'N' Roll (I Gave You the Best Years of My Life)") | Kevin Johnson | 4:35 |

Side 2
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "La Dernière Page" | Gil Slavin | 2:20 |
| 2. | "Qu'est-ce que j'ai pu faire hier soir ?" | Pierre Delanoë, Claude Lemesle, Joe Dassin | 2:25 |
| 3. | "Quand on a seize ans" | Pierre Delanoë, Claude Lemesle, Joe Dassin | 2:30 |
| 4. | "Oh la la !" | Pierre Delanoë, Claude Lemesle, Joe Dassin | 3:00 |
| 5. | "Ton côté du lit" | Alice Dona, Claude Lemesle | 3:18 |
| 6. | "Quand on a du feu" | Pierre Delanoë, Claude Lemesle, Joe Dassin | 2:40 |
| 7. | "Fais-moi de l'électricité" | Gil Slavin | 2:25 |

## InfoBox

| 13 chansons nouvelles | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Joe Dassin | |
| Released | 1973 (1973) |
| Genre | chanson |
| Label | CBS Disques |
| Producer | Jacques Plait |
| Joe Dassin chronology | |
| *Joe*
(1972) ***13 chansons nouvelles***
(1973) *Joe Dassin (Si tu t'appelles Mélancolie)*
(1974) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *13 chansons nouvelles* | |
| 1. "Quand on a seize ans"
Released: 1973 2. "Quand on a du feu"
Released: 1973 3. "Fais-moi de l'électricité"
Released: 1974 | |
|  | |


title: Lin Carter bibliography

abstract: Bibliography of science fiction, fantasy, and nonfiction writer Lin Carter:

text:
# Lin Carter bibliography

Bibliography of science fiction, fantasy, and nonfiction writer **Lin Carter**:

## Bibliography

### Science fiction

#### Hautley Quicksilver

#### The History of the Great Imperium

* *Outworlder* (1971)
* *The Man Without a Planet* (1966)
* *Star Rogue* (1970) (Wildside reissue 2008, ISBN 978-1-4344-9805-2 paperback, ISBN 978-1-4344-9806-9 hardcover)

#### Callisto

1. *Jandar of Callisto* (1972)
2. *Black Legion of Callisto* (1972)
*Callisto Volume 1* (2000 - omnibus including *Jandar of Callisto* and *Black Legion of Callisto*)
3. *Sky Pirates of Callisto* (1973) (Wildside reissue 2008, ISBN 978-1-4344-9803-8 paperback, ISBN 978-1-4344-9804-5 hardcover)
4. *Mad Empress of Callisto* (1975) (Wildside reissue 2007, ISBN 1434494977)
5. *Mind Wizards of Callisto* (1975)
6. *Lankar of Callisto* (1975)
7. *Ylana of Callisto* (1977)
8. *Renegade of Callisto* (1978)

#### The Green Star

1. *Under the Green Star* (1972) (Wildside reissue 2002, ISBN 1587156474)
2. *When the Green Star Calls* (1973) (Wildside reissue 2008, ISBN 978-1-4344-9809-0 trade paperback, ISBN 978-1-4344-9810-6 hardcover)
3. *By the Light of the Green Star* (DAW Books, 1974) (Wildside reissue 2008, ISBN 978-1-4344-9795-6 paperback, ISBN 978-1-4344-9796-3 hardcover)
4. *As the Green Star Rises* (1975) (Wildside reissue 2008, ISBN 978-1-4344-6689-1)
5. *In the Green Star's Glow* (1976)

#### The Mysteries of Mars

#### Zarkon-Lord of the Unknown

1. *The Nemesis of Evil* (1975) (Wildside reissue 1999, ISBN 1587150573)
2. *Invisible Death* (1975) (Wildside reissue 1999, ISBN 1587150581)
3. *The Volcano Ogre* (1976) (Wildside reissue 1999, ISBN 158715059X)
4. *The Earth-Shaker* (Doubleday, 1982)
5. *Horror Wears Blue* (1987)

#### Zanthodon

1. *Journey to the Underground World* (DAW Books, 1979)
2. *Zanthodon* (DAW Books, 1980)
3. *Hurok of the Stone Age* (DAW Books, 1981)
4. *Darya of the Bronze Age* (DAW Books, 1981)
5. *Eric of Zanthodon* (DAW Books, 1982)
*The Zanthodon MEGAPACK* (2014, ISBN 978-1-4794-0450-6) (Wildside omnibus ebook of all five novels)

#### Other novels

### Fantasy

#### Thongor of Valkarth

1. *Young Thongor*, by Lin Carter, Robert M. Price, and Adrian Cole (Wildside Press, 2012) (ISBN 978-1-4344-4101-0)
2. *The Wizard of Lemuria* (1965; revised/expanded as *Thongor and The Wizard of Lemuria* (1969)). In his introduction to the revised edition, "A Word from the Author", Carter reveals that the revisions consist of restoring certain passages cut by the editor from the first edition, conforming certain portions of the book to details described in later books of the series, and adding a few thousand words of new material.
3. *Thongor of Lemuria* (1966; revised/expanded as *Thongor and the Dragon City* (1970))
4. *Thongor Against the Gods* (1967)
5. *Thongor in the City of Magicians* (1968)
6. *Thongor at the End of Time* (1968)
7. *Thongor Fights the Pirates of Tarakus* (1970)
8. *The Sword of Thongor*, by Robert M. Price with some material by Carter (Surinam Turtle Press, 2016)
9. *Thongor Conquers the Underground World*, by Lin Carter and Robert M. Price (2023)

Note: Carter's literary executor Robert M. Price has written eleven Thongor stories, some based on titles or outlines by Carter, most included in *The Sword of Thongor* (three also in *Young Thongor*), and the remaining one in *The Mighty Warriors* (Ulthar Press, 2018). Three are also available online: "The Creature in the Crypt," "Witch-Queen of Lemuria" and "Mind Lords of Lemuria."

In 1978 an attempt was made to put a Thongor movie in production for release in 1979. It was titled *Thongor in the Valley of Demons*; however the movie was never produced.

#### Conan

#### The Chronicles of Kylix

#### Gondwane (World's End)

#### Terra Magica

1. *Kesrick* (1982) (Wildside reissue 2001, ISBN 1587153130)
2. *Dragonrouge* (1984) (Wildside reissue 2001, ISBN 1587153149)
3. *Mandricardo* (1987) (Wildside reissue 2001, ISBN 1587153157)
4. *Callipygia* (1988) (Wildside reissue 2001, ISBN 1587153165)

#### Tara of the Twilight

* *Tara of the Twilight* (1979)
* "For the Blood is the Life" (1984)
* "The Love of the Sea" (1984)
* "Pale Shadow" (1985)

#### Oz

Published posthumously by Tails of the Cowardly Lion and Friends

#### "Posthumous collaborations" with Clark Ashton Smith

* "The Descent into the Abyss" in Carter's anthology *Weird Tales #2*. Also in Robert M. Price (ed). *The Book of Eibon* (Chaosium, 2002). The story is a sort of rewrite of Smith's "The Seven Geases".
* "The Feaster from the Stars". In *Crypt of Cthulhu* No 26 (Hallowmas 1984). Also in Robert M. Price (ed) *The Book of Eibon* (Chaosium, 2002). Based on a plot idea by Smith found by Carter in Smith's holograph notes (one not printed in *The Black Book of Clark Ashton Smith*).
* "The Light from the Pole" in Carter (ed) *Weird Tales #1*. Also in Robert M. Price (ed) *The Book of Eibon* (Chaosium, 2002). Based on Smith's Commoriom myth-cycle, utilising an early draft of Smith's "The Coming of the White Worm".
* "The Secret in the Parchment". In *Crypt of Cthulhu* No 54 (Eastertide 1988). Also in Robert M. Price (ed) *The Book of Eibon* (Chaosium, 2002). Mingles material derived from Arthur Machen with Smith's Eibonic cyle.
* "The Scroll of Morloc". *Fantastic* (Oct 1975). Also in Carter's anthologies *Year's Best Fantasy Stories No 2* (DAW 1976), pp. 143–157; and *Lost Worlds*, pp. 11–17. Also in Robert M. Price (ed) *The Book of Eibon* (Chaosium, 2002).
* "The Stairs in the Crypt". *Fantastic* 25, No 4 (Aug 1976), pp. 82–89. Also in Carter's anthologies *Year's Best Fantasy Stories No 3* (DAW, 1977), pp. 129–40; and *Lost Worlds*, pp. 18–26and in Robert M. Price (ed) *The Book of Eibon* (Chaosium, 2002).The title comes from one of the stories said to have been written by Robert Blake in Lovecraft's "The Haunter of the Dark". Carter also pays tribute to such Cthulhu Mythos stories as Henry Kuttner's "The Salem Horror" and E. Hoffmann Price's collaboration with Lovecraft, "Through the Gates of the Silver Key".
* "The Utmost Abomination" *Weird Tales* Autumn or Fall 1973; also in Mike Ashley (ed), *Weird Legacies*, pp. 81–91 and in Robert M. Price (ed) *The Book of Eibon* (Chaosium, 2002).
* "The Vengeance of Yig" in Carter's anthology *Weird Tales #4*, pp. 275ff.
* "The Winfield Inheritance" in Carter's anthology *Weird Tales No 3*, pp. 275–311.
* "Zoth-Ommog" in Edward Berglund (ed) *The Disciples of Cthulhu* Cthulhu Mythos anthology, pp. 141–193. Note: a sequel to this tale has been written by Leigh Blackmore (see Xothic legend cycle).

#### Pastiches of H. P. Lovecraft

* "Acolyte of the Flame". In *Crypt of Cthulhu* No 36 (Yuletide, 1985). Reprint in *The Book of Eibon* (Chaosium, 2002), edited by Robert M. Price. The latter notes that both the Crypt and Chaosium versions are the "later" version of the story, and that an earlier version exists.
* " The Burrowers Beneath". In *Cthulhu Cultus* No 6 (1997) Title taken from one of the stories said to have been written by Robert Blake in Lovecraft's The Haunter of the Dark. Not to be confused with Brian Lumley's novel *The Burrowers Beneath* (see Chthonian (Cthulhu Mythos)) nor with the Robert Price story in Price's anthology *The Book of Eibon* (Chaosium, 2002).
* "The City of Pillars". First published in Carter's own magazine *Kadath* (1974). To be reprinted in *Crypt of Cthulhu*. Purportedly a translation from *The Necronomicon*.
* "The Descent into the Abyss". In Carter's anthology *Weird Tales #2*. Also in *The Book of Eibon* (Chaosium, 2002), edited by Robert M. Price.
* "The Doom of Yakthoob". In *The Arkham Collector* No 10 (Summer 1971). Purportedly a translation from *The Necronomicon*.
* "The Double Tower" in *Year's Best Fantasy Stories* #1 (DAW Books, 1975). Also in *The Book of Eibon* (Chaosium, 2002), edited by Robert M. Price.
* "Dreams in the House of Weir". In Carter (ed), *Weird Tales* #4.
* "In the Vale of Pnath" in Gerald Page (ed) *Nameless Places*. (This story takes its title from Lovecraft, and some of its content from Lovecraft's Dreamlands series, while also featuring CA Smith's Book of Eibon.
* "The Offering" in *Crypt of Cthulhu* 1, No 7 (Lammas 1982). Based primarily on "Out of the Aeons" and "Bothon" (a story collaboration between H.P. Lovecraft and Henry S. Whitehead).
* "Shaggai". In *Dark Things*, edited by August Derleth. The title is taken from one of the stories said to have been written by Robert Blake in Lovecraft's "The Haunter of the Dark". Purportedly a chapter from the Book of Eibon.
* "Something in the Moonlight" in *Weird Tales* #1, edited by Carter himself.
* "The Stone from Mnar: A Fragment from the Necronomicon".Appeared in "Crypt of Cthulhu" #36 and reprinted as purportedly, part of the first 5 sections of the Necronomicon, in Crypt of Cthulhu #70
* "The Thing Under Memphis". In *Crypt of Cthulhu* 3, No - (WN 22)(Roodmas 1984), 3-5.
* "Them From Outside". In "Crypt of Cthulhu" #23 as "Concerning Them from Outside" and reprinted in Crypt of Cthulhu #70 as purportedly, part of the first 5 sections of the Necronomicon.
* "The Thing in the Pit". In Carter's *Lost Worlds*. (Purportedly a translation from the Zanthu Tablets).

See also Xothic legend cycle. For further info see Robert M. Price "The Statement of Lin Carter", *Crypt of Cthulhu* 1, No 2 (Yuletide 1981), 11-19.

#### Pastiches of Lord Dunsany

##### Ikranos dreamlands cycle

* "The Poet" in *The Gorgon*, v. 2, no. 4, November 1948.
* "The Kings of Yu-Istam" in *Scientifantasy*, v. 1, no. 3, Spring 1949.
* "The Castle beyond the World" in *The Fanscient*, no. 10, Winter 1950.
* "King of the Golden City" in *Nekromantikon*, v. 1, no. 4, Winter 1950/51.
* "The Quest of Glorian the Troubadour" (unpublished).
* "The Castle in the Clouds" (unpublished).
* "Crysarion of Ith" (unpublished).
* "The Gate of Dreams" (unpublished).
* "The Crystal Key" (unpublished).
* "The Gods of Neol-Shendis" in *Amra*, v. 2, no. 41, July 1966 (later revised as the leadoff Simrana Cycle tale "The Gods of Niom Parma").
* "Shanizar of the Sea" (unpublished).
* "Shanizar and the City of Glass" (unpublished).
* "Aviathar and the Sword of Swords" (unpublished).

##### Simrana dreamlands cycle

* "The Gods of Niom Parma" in *Warlocks and Warriors* (1970) (revised from the Ikranos tale "The Gods of Neol-Shendis").
* "The Whelming of Oom" in *The Young Magicians* (1969).
* "Zingazar" in *New Worlds for Old* (1971).
* "How Sargoth Lay Siege to Zaremm" in *Swordsmen and Supermen* (1972).
* "The Laughter of Han" in *Fantasy Tales*, v. 5, no. 9, Spring 1982.
* "The Benevolence of Yib" in *Crypt of Cthulhu*, no. 51, Hallowmas 1987.
* "How Ghuth Would Have Hunted the Silth" in *Crypt of Cthulhu*, no. 54, 1988.
* "The Thievery of Yish" in *Fantasy Tales*, v. 10, no. 1, Autumn 1988.
* "How Doom Came Down at Last on Adrazoon" in *Crypt of Cthulhu*, no. 57, 1988.
* \[Untitled\] (complete draft)
* "How Shand Became King of Thieves" (unfinished draft)
* "Dzimadazoul" (unfinished draft)

#### Other novels

#### Collections

### Poetry

### Hobby games

### Non-fiction

### Anthologies edited

#### Ballantine Adult Fantasy series

"Ballantine Adult Fantasy" was inaugurated in April 1969, in words on the front cover of *The Mezentian Gate* by E. R. Eddison, and in May, with the logo on *The Blue Star* by Fletcher Pratt, cataloged as #1. Some later volumes also carried the unicorn's head Adult Fantasy logo without numerical assignment to the series.

#### Flashing Swords!

#### Weird Tales

#### The Year's Best Fantasy Stories

#### Other anthologies


title: Lisa Daftari

abstract: Lisa Daftari is an American journalist. She works as an investigative journalist focusing on foreign affairs, with a specialization in Middle Eastern policy and counterterrorism. She regularly appears on television and radio with commentary and analysis, providing exclusive reporting on vital developments in the region. Currently, she is an on-air Fox News political analyst and has previously been featured on CBS, NBC, PBS, The Washington Post, NPR, ABC, Voice of America, and others. Lisa also serves as founder and Editor-in-Chief of The Foreign Desk, an international news and U.S. foreign policy news website. Daftari has been interviewed in Spanish, English, and Persian. Her areas of expertise and coverage include the Middle East and North Africa, terrorism, national security, the Arab Spring, global Christian persecution, human rights, cyber security, and more. She was invited to show her documentary film about an Iranian underground political movement in Congress. She frequently is called upon to give briefs and expert testimony for government and private entities. Daftari has worked for a number of think tanks in Washington, where she has written exclusive reports for the Pentagon and other government groups.

text:
# Lisa Daftari

**Lisa Daftari** is an American journalist. She works as an investigative journalist focusing on foreign affairs, with a specialization in Middle Eastern policy and counterterrorism. She regularly appears on television and radio with commentary and analysis, providing exclusive reporting on vital developments in the region. Currently, she is an on-air Fox News political analyst and has previously been featured on CBS, NBC, PBS, *The Washington Post*, NPR, ABC, Voice of America, and others. Lisa also serves as founder and Editor-in-Chief of The Foreign Desk, an international news and U.S. foreign policy news website. Daftari has been interviewed in Spanish, English, and Persian.

Her areas of expertise and coverage include the Middle East and North Africa, terrorism, national security, the Arab Spring, global Christian persecution, human rights, cyber security, and more. She was invited to show her documentary film about an Iranian underground political movement in Congress. She frequently is called upon to give briefs and expert testimony for government and private entities. Daftari has worked for a number of think tanks in Washington, where she has written exclusive reports for the Pentagon and other government groups.

## Early life

Daftari was born in New Jersey to Sean and Simin Daftari. Her father is a physician and medical scholar, and her mother has a background in language and accounting. Her parents are of Iranian Jewish ancestry who met in United States and married in Iran. She grew up in Bergen County, and is the second of the four Daftari children.

Daftari attended Frisch High School, a highly rated private school in New Jersey. Lisa graduated from Rutgers University New Brunswick with a B.A. in Spanish, Middle Eastern studies, and vocal performance. She went on to receive her master's degree in broadcast journalism at the Annenberg School of Journalism at the University of Southern California, where she was awarded a Presidential Merit Scholarship. Using her grant, she delivered the exclusive story of four Iranian brothers detained in federal prison on charges connecting them to the MEK, a political organization opposed to the Iranian government. She delivered her report on PBS for a 9/11 anniversary show.

Daftari is fluent in English, Persian, Hebrew, and Spanish and is an avid opera singer and pianist.

## Career

In 2006, while in graduate school, Daftari was invited to show her thesis documentary film about an underground Iranian political group, Marze Por Gohar, to Congress. During that time, she worked as an associate producer in the investigative unit at NBC in Los Angeles. While at NBC, she helped break the story about the 2005 Los Angeles bomb plot, in which Jamiyyat Ul-Islam Is-Saheeh, an Islamist prison gang, planned to bomb prominent Los Angeles sites.

In 2007, after graduating, Daftari left NBC to work as a researcher for several think tanks focusing on the Middle East and counterterrorism. She attended several hearings on Iran divestment in the California State Assembly. At the end of that year, she delivered a 100-page report about Iranian youth movements to the Pentagon.

In 2009, Daftari began appearing on the Fox News Channel commentating on developments in the Middle East and Iran, in particular. She now appears frequently on the network on various television and radio programs.

In 2015, she launched "The Foreign Desk," a website dedicated to reporting stories from around the world with an emphasis on their impact on human rights, global security, and U.S. foreign policy.

## InfoBox

| Lisa Daftari | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | Rutgers University–New Brunswick (B.A.) <br>University of Southern California (MA) |
| Occupation | Journalist |
| Employer | Fox News Channel |
| Website | https://www.lisadaftari.com |


title: Lisa Landry

abstract: Lisa Landry is an American comedian, actress and writer.

text:
# Lisa Landry

**Lisa Landry** (born August 5) is an American comedian, actress and writer.

## Early life

Lisa Landry grew up in Harvey, Louisiana. Her mother served in the United States Navy and was often stationed in other countries leaving Lisa and her little brother for months at a time to be raised by their father and grandparents. Landry is Cajun and dreamed of studying theater in New York and was so dedicated to getting into the American Musical and Dramatic Academy that she flew from New Orleans to Atlanta to audition for their acting program.

## Career

Lisa Landry began her stand-up comedy career in the New York City comedy circuit where she honed her comedic skills in some of the very best venues in the country including Comedy Cellar, Comic Strip Live, and Gotham Comedy Club. It was in New York City where she met and married her husband. They divorced. While living in Manhattan, Lisa gave birth to a little boy, whom she named Ari Cajun Shapiro because she knew she'd made a Spicy Jew.

Lisa Landry starred in her own half-hour special *Comedy Central Presents: Lisa Landry* while pregnant with Ari. Immediately following birthing her special and birthing her child, Lisa appeared on CMT's *20 Greatest Redneck Moments*. Which got her featured in TV Guide as a "Top Pick" and also selected by TBS to appear in their "We Know Funny" commercials. Her special was chosen third by a nationwide vote in Comedy Central's "Standup Showdown" and she appeared on CBS's "The Late, Late Show with Craig Ferguson" where she received a standing ovation.

Landry was offered not one, but two residencies in Las Vegas. Landry headlined her own nightly show at The Stratosphere when she was offered her own headline show at Planet Hollywood.

Lisa Landry has appeared on "Law and Order: SVU", "Comics Unleashed", "Stand up in Stiletto's" (she wore cowgirl boots), E!'s "Top 100 Celebrities", "Red Eye (TV series)", "The Bonnie Hunt Show", "The Bob & Tom Show", "The Steve and Preston Show", "Premium Blend", and recently co-hosted "Better Connecticut". Landry was filmed for the "Vegas" episode of the A&E Series produced by Ellen DeGeneres called "Little Funny". The reality show about the eleven-year-old comedian Saffron Herndon was filmed but A&E decided not to air it. Landry was a performer on the Brett Butler's *Southern Belles of Comedy DVD* in 2012. Landry was also a comedy writer for Us Weekly. Lisa Landry was offered the first-ever talent holding deal with Lifetime Television.

Landry's CD "Put Your Keys in the Keybowl" was selected as one of the Top Ten Best Comedy CDs on iTunes (2008). "Put Your Keys in the Keybowl" was also included that same year (2008) in the *Top Ten Best* by Punchline Magazine (since rebranded as LaughSpin) describes Landry best: "She's an incredibly skilled comedian, a controlling presence onstage and a master of pacing and delivery." Her follow-up project was the DVD "Brazillionaire". Landry has since released two more albums. Her comedy albums are enjoyed on various platforms throughout the planet including but not limited to iTunes, Amazon, Spotify, Pandora, Today's Comedy, SiriusXM Satellite Radio, and her official website.

Lisa Landry is now the host of her new podcast, WOMENACE to SOCIETY where she conducts socially relevant interviews of artists, activists, anarchists, dreamers, and doers from across America. The podcast can best be described as "Real People. Real Stories. Unreal World. Laughter Heals. Love One Another."


title: Linbrook Lake

abstract: Linbrook Lake, also called Linbrook East, is a lake located just west of the New Forest National Park in Hampshire, England with the village of Blashford extending further west toward the A338 road. The nearest sizable town to this lake is Ringwood, which lies approximately 1.2 miles (2.3 km) south-west. This area is frequented by bird watchers, and the lake can be viewed from the Avon Valley Path. The lake is about 20 acres (8.1 ha), with thick weeds and depths up to 12 feet (3.7 m). It is a top tench fishery, and is also known for bream and carp, and occasional rudd. This lake is adjacent to the Blashford Lakes Nature Reserve.

text:
# Linbrook Lake

**Linbrook Lake**, also called **Linbrook East**, is a lake located just west of the New Forest National Park in Hampshire, England with the village of Blashford extending further west toward the A338 road. The nearest sizable town to this lake is Ringwood, which lies approximately 1.2 miles (2.3 km) south-west. This area is frequented by bird watchers, and the lake can be viewed from the Avon Valley Path.

The lake is about 20 acres (8.1 ha), with thick weeds and depths up to 12 feet (3.7 m). It is a top tench fishery, and is also known for bream and carp, and occasional rudd.

This lake is adjacent to the Blashford Lakes Nature Reserve.

## Footnotes

1. Harrap, Simon and Redman, Nigel. *Where to Watch Birds in Britain*, p. 137 (2013).
2. Ringwood and District Anglers Association. Accessed June 18, 2015.
3. Blashford Trail Leaflet. Accessed June 18, 2015.

## InfoBox

| Linbrook Lake | |
| --- | --- |
| Linbrook LakeLocation within Hampshire | |
| OS grid reference | SU162068 |
| District |  |
| Shire county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | RINGWOOD |
| Postcode district | BH24 |
| Dialling code | 01590 |
|  | |
| Police | Hampshire and Isle of Wight |
| Fire | Hampshire and Isle of Wight |
| Ambulance | South Central |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Lippendorf

abstract:
Lippendorf is located in the municipality of Neukieritzsch, near Leipzig in Saxony, Germany.
The present town of Lippendorf used to be known as the village of Medewitzsch. In 1934, the towns of Medewitzsch, Lippendorf and Spahnsdorf combined to form the new town of Lippendorf. North of town are Böhlen and Zwenkau, to the east is Rotha, to the south is Neukieritzsch and to the west is Russen-Kleinstorkwitz The first record of the village of Lippendorf was in 1378. The character of the place was rural for a long time. Only from the 1920s did the then village develop into an industrial centre, mainly due to the lignite, also called brown coal, formed from naturally compressed peat, found in the area. The first lignite mine in the area was opened in 1924. Böhlen mining started near the north west of the town. The first power station was built in 1925. During World War II bomb attacks on the power station in 1944 and 1945 destroyed parts of the village. In the mid-1960s a second power station was built in the municipality of Spahnsdorf and parts of Lippendorf. The current town was incorporated on 1 January 1973. In 1997 a new lignite-fired power station, the Lippendorf Power Station, was built and the old one was shut down. The town is not far from the rivers of the White Elster and Pleiße. It is also near the Leipzig Bay and includes parts of the conservation area Elsteraue. The nearest large settlements are the city of Leipzig and town of Borna.

text:
# Lippendorf

| Lippendorf Kraftwerk | |
| --- | --- |
| Lippendorf new power station | |
|  | |
| Country | Germany |
| Location | Lippendorf, Neukieritzsch, Saxony |
| Coordinates | 51°11′07″N 12°22′40″E / 51.18528°N 12.37778°E / 51.18528; 12.37778 |
| Site elevation | * 141 to 143 m (463 to 469 ft) |
| External links | |
| Commons | Related media on Commons |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |

**Lippendorf** is located in the municipality of Neukieritzsch, near Leipzig in Saxony, Germany. The present town of Lippendorf used to be known as the village of Medewitzsch. In 1934, the towns of Medewitzsch, Lippendorf and Spahnsdorf combined to form the new town of Lippendorf. North of town are Böhlen and Zwenkau, to the east is Rotha, to the south is Neukieritzsch and to the west is Russen-Kleinstorkwitz

The first record of the village of Lippendorf was in 1378. The character of the place was rural for a long time. Only from the 1920s did the then village develop into an industrial centre, mainly due to the lignite, also called brown coal, formed from naturally compressed peat, found in the area. The first lignite mine in the area was opened in 1924. Böhlen mining started near the north west of the town. The first power station was built in 1925. During World War II bomb attacks on the power station in 1944 and 1945 destroyed parts of the village. In the mid-1960s a second power station was built in the municipality of Spahnsdorf and parts of Lippendorf. The current town was incorporated on 1 January 1973. In 1997 a new lignite-fired power station, the Lippendorf Power Station, was built and the old one was shut down.

The town is not far from the rivers of the White Elster and Pleiße. It is also near the Leipzig Bay and includes parts of the conservation area *Elsteraue*. The nearest large settlements are the city of Leipzig and town of Borna.

Historic Bell tower belfry, recovered from a war-ravaged churchKatharina von Bora, 1526, by Lucas Cranach the Elder, born in Lippendorf in January 29, 1499

## Sights

* Information Centre in the power plant
* Katharina Luther (Katharina von Bora) Chapel with plaque, that commemorates Katharina von Bora's birthplace.
* Martin Luther memorials in the main town and the village Neukieritzsch Kieritzsch.

## InfoBox

| Lippendorf | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Entrance to Lippendorf village with power plant | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Saxony |
| Municipality | Neukieritzsch |
| Incorporation | January 1, 1973 |
| Elevation | 142 m (466 ft) |


title: Liometopum crassinervis

abstract: Liometopum crassinervis is an extinct species of Miocene ants in the genus Liometopum. Described by Heer in 1849, fossils of the species were found in Switzerland.

text:
# Liometopum crassinervis

***Liometopum crassinervis*** is an extinct species of Miocene ants in the genus *Liometopum*. Described by Heer in 1849, fossils of the species were found in Switzerland.

## InfoBox

| *Liometopum crassinervis*
Temporal range: | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Formicidae |
| Subfamily: | Dolichoderinae |
| Genus: | *Liometopum* |
| Species: | ***L. crassinervis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Liometopum crassinervis***
(Heer, 1849) | |
|


title: Lipowo, Olsztyn County

abstract: Lipowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Biskupiec, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Biskupiec and 35 km (22 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

text:
# Lipowo, Olsztyn County

**Lipowo** \[liˈpɔvɔ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Biskupiec, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Biskupiec and 35 km (22 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

## InfoBox

| Lipowo | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Lipowo | |
| Coordinates: 53°51′41″N 21°0′30″E / 53.86139°N 21.00833°E / 53.86139; 21.00833 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Warmian-Masurian |
| County | Olsztyn |
| Gmina | Biskupiec |
| Population | 285 |


title: Lipsothrix

abstract: Lipsothrix is a genus of crane fly in the family Limoniidae.

text:
# Lipsothrix

***Lipsothrix*** is a genus of crane fly in the family Limoniidae.

## Distribution

Palaearctic & Oriental.

## Species

* "Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World (Diptera, Tipuloidea: Pediciidae, Limoniidae, Cylindrotomidae, Tipulidae)". Naturalis Biodiversity Center.

## InfoBox

| *Lipsothrix* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Suborder: | Nematocera |
| Infraorder: | Tipulomorpha |
| Superfamily: | Tipuloidea |
| Family: | Limoniidae |
| Subfamily: | Limoniinae |
| Genus: | ***Lipsothrix***
Loew, 1873 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Lipsothrix nobilis*
Loew, 1873 | |
| Species | |
| see text | |
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Lipsothrix nigristigma

abstract: Lipsothrix nigristigma is a species of cranefly in the genus Lipsothrix, native to England. It is known only from the type specimen taken in Lancashire in 1924, and from two localities near Telford in 1994. It was identified by Edwards in 1938.

text:
# Lipsothrix nigristigma

***Lipsothrix nigristigma*** is a species of cranefly in the genus *Lipsothrix*, native to England. It is known only from the type specimen taken in Lancashire in 1924, and from two localities near Telford in 1994.

It was identified by Edwards in 1938.

## Survey

In 2000, the two sites from which *L. nigristigma* was recorded in 1994 were resurveyed along with twenty or so similar sites in Shropshire and Montgomeryshire. The target species was located at eight (possibly nine) sites. The majority of sites are centred on southwest Telford with only two outlying sites.

## InfoBox

| *Lipsothrix* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Suborder: | Nematocera |
| Infraorder: | Tipulomorpha |
| Superfamily: | Tipuloidea |
| Family: | Limoniidae |
| Subfamily: | Limoniinae |
| Genus: | ***Lipsothrix*** |
| Species: | ***L. nigristigma*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lipsothrix nigristigma***<br>Edwards (1938) | |
|


title: Lisicë, Mitrovica

abstract: Lisicë or Lisica is a village in the municipality of Mitrovica in the District of Mitrovica, Kosovo. According to the 2011 census, it has 519 inhabitants. Originally the village was named "Te Lisi" meaning "To the tree". The Serbian re-naming means "fox".

text:
# Lisicë, Mitrovica

**Lisicë** (in Albanian) or **Lisica** (Serbian Cyrillic: Лисица) is a village in the municipality of Mitrovica in the District of Mitrovica, Kosovo. According to the 2011 census, it has 519 inhabitants. Originally the village was named "Te Lisi" meaning "To the tree". The Serbian re-naming means "fox".

## Demography

In 2011 census, the village had in total 519 inhabitants, from whom 517 (99,61 %) were Albanians and one Bosniak. One was not available.

## InfoBox

| Lisicë Lisica | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| LisicëLocation in Kosovo | |
| Coordinates: 42°54′27″N 20°53′00″E / 42.90750°N 20.88333°E / 42.90750; 20.88333 | |
| Location | Kosovo |
| District | Mitrovicë |
| Municipality | Mitrovicë |
| Elevation | 617 m (2,024 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 519 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


abstract: The Class of Letters of the Lisbon Academy of Sciences holds an official consultative role on the Portuguese language in Portugal. It was created by the queen Maria I of Portugal, on 24 December 1779, during the Age of Enlightenment. It is based in Lisbon. The current president of the board is Adriano Moreira.

text:
# Lisbon Academy of Sciences, Class of Letters

The **Class of Letters** (Portuguese: ***Classe de Letras***) of the Lisbon Academy of Sciences holds an official consultative role on the Portuguese language in Portugal.

It was created by the queen Maria I of Portugal, on 24 December 1779, during the Age of Enlightenment.

It is based in Lisbon. The current president of the board is Adriano Moreira.

## InfoBox

Lisbon Academy of Sciences
Class of Letters
| Academia das Ciências de Lisboa | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Formation | 24 December 1779 |
| Headquarters | Lisbon, Portugal |
| President | Artur Anselmo de Oliveira Soares |
| Website | www.acad-ciencias.pt |


title: Lisette Burrows

abstract: Lisette C. Burrows is a New Zealand physical education academic. She is currently a full professor at the University of Waikato.

text:
# Lisette Burrows

**Lisette C. Burrows** is a New Zealand physical education academic. She is currently a full professor at the University of Waikato.

## Academic career

After a 1999 PhD from the University of Wollongong titled  *'Developmental discourses in school physical education,'*  Burrows worked at the University of Otago from 1991, rising to full professor in 2015 before moving to the University of Waikato in 2017.

In 2014, Burrows received Physical Education New Zealand's (PENZ) Sir Alexander Gillies Medal.

## Selected works

* Wright, Jan, Lisette Burrows, and Doune MacDonald, eds. Critical inquiry and problem-solving in physical education. Psychology Press, 2004.
* Burrows, Lisette, and Jan Wright. "Prescribing practices: Shaping healthy children in schools." The International Journal of Children's Rights 15, no. 1 (2007): 83–98.
* Wright, Jan, and Lisette Burrows. "Re-conceiving ability in physical education: a social analysis." Sport, Education and Society 11, no. 3 (2006): 275–291.
* Burrows, Lisette, Jan Wright, and Justine Jungersen-Smith. "“Measure Your Belly.” New Zealand Children's Constructions of Health and Fitness." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 22, no. 1 (2002): 39–48.
* Wright, Jan, and Lisette Burrows. "“Being healthy”: the discursive construction of health in New Zealand children's responses to the National Education Monitoring Project." Discourse: studies in the cultural politics of education 25, no. 2 (2004): 211–230.
* WRIGHT, JAN, and LISETTE BURROWS. "The discursive production of childhood, identity and health." In Body knowledge and control, pp. 107–119. Routledge, 2004.

## InfoBox

| Lisette Burrows | |
| --- | --- |
| Other names | Lisette C. Burrows |
| Alma mater | University of Wollongong |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Physical education |
| Institutions | University of Otago, University of Waikato |
| Thesis |  |
|  | |


title: Lissotesta similis

abstract: Lissotesta similis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, unassigned in the superfamily Seguenzioidea.

text:
# Lissotesta similis

***Lissotesta similis*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, unassigned in the superfamily Seguenzioidea.

## Description

## Distribution

This species occurs in Antarctic waters.

* Engl W. (2012) *Shells of Antarctica*. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 402 pp

## InfoBox

| *Lissotesta similis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Vetigastropoda |
| Family: | *incertae sedis* |
| Genus: | *Lissotesta* |
| Species: | ***L. similis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lissotesta similis***<br>(Thiele, 1912) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Lissotesta turrita

abstract: Lissotesta turrita is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, unassigned in the superfamily Seguenzioidea.

text:
# Lissotesta turrita

***Lissotesta turrita*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, unassigned in the superfamily Seguenzioidea.

## Description

The shell grows to a height of 0.7 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Alboran Sea; in the Atlantic Ocean off Norway and Madeira.

* Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). *European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification*. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213

* "*Lissotesta turrita*". *Gastropods.com*. Retrieved 16 January 2019.

## InfoBox

| *Lissotesta turrita* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Vetigastropoda |
| Family: | *incertae sedis* |
| Genus: | *Lissotesta* |
| Species: | ***L. turrita*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lissotesta turrita***<br>(Gaglini, 1987) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Anekes nofronii* van Aartsen & Bogi 1988 * *Cyclostrema turritum* Gaglini 1987 * *Margarita miliaris* Seguenza, G., 1876 (dubious synonym) | |


title: Lissotesta studeri

abstract: Lissotesta studeri is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, unassigned in the superfamily Seguenzioidea.

text:
# Lissotesta studeri

***Lissotesta studeri*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, unassigned in the superfamily Seguenzioidea.

## InfoBox

| *Lissotesta studeri* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Vetigastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Seguenzioidea |
| Family: | *incertae sedis* |
| Genus: | *Lissotesta* |
| Species: | ***L. studeri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lissotesta studeri***<br>(Thiele, 1912) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Submargarita studeri* Thiele, 1912 | |