abstract: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Lowndes County, Mississippi. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Lowndes County, Mississippi, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map. There are 34 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark. Another property was once listed but has been removed.           This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.

text:
# National Register of Historic Places listings in Lowndes County, Mississippi

This is a list of the **National Register of Historic Places listings in Lowndes County, Mississippi**.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Lowndes County, Mississippi, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 34 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark. Another property was once listed but has been removed.

*This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.*

## Current listings

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Brownrigg-Harris-Kennebrew House |  | May 22, 1978
(#78001614) | 515 9th St. N.
33°30′07″N 88°25′24″W / 33.501944°N 88.423333°W / 33.501944; -88.423333 (Brownrigg-Harris-Kennebrew House) | Columbus |  |
| 2 | Butler Mound and Village Site |  | December 8, 1978
(#78001615) | Address restricted
 | Columbus |  |
| 3 | The Cedars |  | March 29, 1979
(#79001328) | 1311 Military Rd.
33°30′36″N 88°25′09″W / 33.51°N 88.419167°W / 33.51; -88.419167 (The Cedars) | Columbus |  |
| 4 | Columbus Bridge |  | November 16, 1988
(#88002396) | Spans the Tombigbee River on Old U.S. Route 82
33°29′37″N 88°26′03″W / 33.493611°N 88.434167°W / 33.493611; -88.434167 (Columbus Bridge) | Columbus |  |
| 5 | Columbus Central Commercial Historic District |  | April 23, 1980
(#80002284) | U.S. Routes 45 and 82
33°29′47″N 88°25′39″W / 33.496389°N 88.4275°W / 33.496389; -88.4275 (Columbus Central Commercial Historic District) | Columbus |  |
| 6 | Cox-Uithoven House |  | May 8, 1980
(#80002285) | North of Columbus on Old Aberdeen Rd.
33°36′03″N 88°27′28″W / 33.600833°N 88.457778°W / 33.600833; -88.457778 (Cox-Uithoven House) | Columbus |  |
| 7 | William E. Ervin House |  | December 1, 1989
(#89002053) | Armstrong Rd./Route 4, southeast of Columbus
33°28′33″N 88°20′40″W / 33.475833°N 88.344444°W / 33.475833; -88.344444 (William E. Ervin House) | Columbus |  |
| 8 | Factory Hill-Frog Bottom-Burns Bottom Historic District |  | September 2, 1980
(#80002286) | Roughly bounded by 2nd and 6th Aves. and 2nd and 5th Sts.
33°29′52″N 88°25′51″W / 33.497778°N 88.430833°W / 33.497778; -88.430833 (Factory Hill-Frog Bottom-Burns Bottom Historic District) | Columbus |  |
| 9 | Friendship Cemetery |  | July 23, 1980
(#80002287) | 1300 4th St.
33°28′51″N 88°25′50″W / 33.480833°N 88.430556°W / 33.480833; -88.430556 (Friendship Cemetery) | Columbus |  |
| 10 | Kenneth Gatchell House |  | March 21, 1978
(#78001616) | 1411 College St.
33°29′45″N 88°25′00″W / 33.495833°N 88.416667°W / 33.495833; -88.416667 (Kenneth Gatchell House) | Columbus |  |
| 11 | Harris-Banks House |  | November 16, 1978
(#78001617) | 122 7th Ave., S.
33°29′17″N 88°25′52″W / 33.488056°N 88.431111°W / 33.488056; -88.431111 (Harris-Banks House) | Columbus |  |
| 12 | Hickory Sticks |  | April 29, 1977
(#77000792) | 1206 N. 7th St.
33°30′32″N 88°25′31″W / 33.508889°N 88.425278°W / 33.508889; -88.425278 (Hickory Sticks) | Columbus |  |
| 13 | James Creek No. 1 Site |  | May 23, 1978
(#78001618) | Address restricted
 | Columbus |  |
| 14 | Jones-Banks-Leigh House |  | October 31, 1985
(#85003445) | 824 8th St., N.
33°30′12″N 88°25′35″W / 33.503333°N 88.426389°W / 33.503333; -88.426389 (Jones-Banks-Leigh House) | Columbus |  |
| 15 | S.D. Lee High School |  | March 25, 2019
(#100003552) | 1815 Military Rd.
33°30′56″N 88°25′02″W / 33.5155°N 88.4172°W / 33.5155; -88.4172 (S.D. Lee High School) | Columbus |  |
| 16 | S.D. Lee House |  | May 6, 1971
(#71000456) | 314 N. 7th St.
33°29′54″N 88°25′32″W / 33.498333°N 88.425556°W / 33.498333; -88.425556 (S.D. Lee House) | Columbus |  |
| 17 | Lindamood Building of Palmer Home for Children |  | June 24, 1993
(#93000574) | 912 11th Ave., S.
33°29′04″N 88°25′17″W / 33.484444°N 88.421389°W / 33.484444; -88.421389 (Lindamood Building of Palmer Home for Children) | Columbus |  |
| 18 | MacKay Mound |  | August 25, 1978
(#78001619) | Address restricted
 | Columbus |  |
| 19 | Charles McLaran House |  | December 12, 1976
(#76001102) | 514 2nd St., S.
33°29′24″N 88°25′54″W / 33.49°N 88.431667°W / 33.49; -88.431667 (Charles McLaran House) | Columbus |  |
| 20 | Motley Slough Bridge |  | November 16, 1988
(#88002405) | Spans Motley Slough on Shaeffer's Chapel Rd.
33°26′21″N 88°31′08″W / 33.439167°N 88.518889°W / 33.439167; -88.518889 (Motley Slough Bridge) | Columbus |  |
| 21 | Mt. Pleasant Methodist Church |  | July 5, 2007
(#07000649) | 2382 Wright Rd.
33°36′31″N 88°20′11″W / 33.608611°N 88.336389°W / 33.608611; -88.336389 (Mt. Pleasant Methodist Church) | Caledonia |  |
| 22 | Old Fort House |  | October 31, 1985
(#85003444) | 510 7th St., N.
33°30′00″N 88°25′34″W / 33.5°N 88.426111°W / 33.5; -88.426111 (Old Fort House) | Columbus |  |
| 23 | Old St. Paul's Episcopal Church Rectory |  | July 12, 1996
(#96000702) | 300 Main St.
33°29′40″N 88°25′49″W / 33.494444°N 88.430278°W / 33.494444; -88.430278 (Old St. Paul's Episcopal Church Rectory) | Columbus |  |
| 24 | Owen-Richardson-Owen House |  | March 7, 2007
(#07000122) | 1709 9th St., S.
33°28′37″N 88°25′20″W / 33.476944°N 88.422222°W / 33.476944; -88.422222 (Owen-Richardson-Owen House) | Columbus |  |
| 25 | Plymouth |  | April 22, 1980
(#80002288) | Address restricted
 | Columbus |  |
| 26 | Rosedale |  | June 24, 1994
(#94000642) | 1523 9th St., S.
33°28′49″N 88°25′15″W / 33.480278°N 88.420833°W / 33.480278; -88.420833 (Rosedale) | Columbus |  |
| 27 | Sims-Brown House |  | October 30, 1997
(#97001297) | 324 9th St., N.
33°29′56″N 88°25′25″W / 33.498889°N 88.423611°W / 33.498889; -88.423611 (Sims-Brown House) | Columbus |  |
| 28 | Snowdoun |  | October 19, 1978
(#78001620) | 906 3rd Ave., N.
33°29′54″N 88°25′23″W / 33.498333°N 88.423056°W / 33.498333; -88.423056 (Snowdoun) | Columbus |  |
| 29 | South Columbus Historic District |  | June 8, 1982
(#82003104) | U.S. Route 82; also 1124 Main St.; also roughly bounded by Main and College Sts., 3rd and 4th Aves. South, 9th' 15th, South 7th and 1st Sts., Tombigbee R.
33°28′27″N 88°25′18″W / 33.474167°N 88.421667°W / 33.474167; -88.421667 (South Columbus Historic District) | Columbus | Second and third address groups represent boundary changes approved July 27, 2005 and September 29, 2021. |
| 30 | Sykes-Leigh House |  | March 14, 1985
(#85000555) | 719-7th St., N.
33°30′08″N 88°25′40″W / 33.502222°N 88.427778°W / 33.502222; -88.427778 (Sykes-Leigh House) | Columbus |  |
| 31 | Symons House |  | March 28, 1979
(#79001329) | 304 4th Ave., S.
33°29′30″N 88°25′47″W / 33.491667°N 88.429722°W / 33.491667; -88.429722 (Symons House) | Columbus |  |
| 32 | U.S. Post Office |  | April 21, 1983
(#83000958) | 524 Main St.
33°29′42″N 88°25′37″W / 33.495°N 88.426944°W / 33.495; -88.426944 (U.S. Post Office) | Columbus |  |
| 33 | Waverly Bridge |  | March 20, 1989
(#88002412) | Spans the Tombigbee River on the Columbus and Greenville Railway
33°33′54″N 88°29′48″W / 33.565°N 88.496667°W / 33.565; -88.496667 (Waverly Bridge) | Columbus | Extends into Clay County |
| 34 | Weaver Place |  | November 16, 1978
(#78001621) | 216 3rd Ave., S.
33°29′33″N 88°25′46″W / 33.4925°N 88.429444°W / 33.4925; -88.429444 (Weaver Place) | Columbus |  |

## Former listing

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Date removed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Bethel Presbyterian Church |  | December 19, 1986
(#86003126) | June 23, 2003 | 12 mi. off US 45
 | Columbus vicinity | Destroyed by an F3 tornado during the 2002 Veterans Day Weekend tornado outbreak November 10, 2002 |


title: Zhang Guoxiang

abstract: Zhang Guoxiang was the fiftieth Celestial Master, who was the head of the Daoist Zhengyi School based at Longhu Shan in China's Jiangxi province.

text:
# Zhang Guoxiang

**Zhang Guoxiang** (Chinese: 张国祥) was the fiftieth Celestial Master, who was the head of the Daoist Zhengyi School based at Longhu Shan in China's Jiangxi province.

## Life

Zhang Yongxu, the fiftieth Celestial Master, designated Zhang Guoxiang, his nephew, as successor due to the premature death of his son. The Ming court led by the Longqing Emperor (1567–72) did not look favourably upon the Zhengyi Taoists, and stripped Zhang Guoxiang of his title. The Wanli Emperor (1573–1620), however, was more favorably inclined towards the Zhengyi School, and restored Zhang Guoxiang's title. Zhang spent thirteen years in Nanjing, where he got married, and was given a residence by the emperor. In 1607, the emperor ordered Zhang to compile a supplement to the Taoist Canon that was to include important texts written during the emperor's reign and was known as the *Wanli Xu Daozang* (Supplementary Taoist Canon of the Wanli Reign Period). Misfortune fell upon Zhang in 1609, when a flood destroyed the main temple at Longhu Shan. The emperor supplied finances to assist in the temple's restoration, but Zhang died before completion in 1611.

### Works cited

* Boltz, Judith (2008). "Zhang Guoxiang". In Pregadio, Fabrizio (ed.). *The Encyclopedia of Taoism*. London: Routledge. pp. 1226–1227.


title: May–Kraus Farm

abstract: May–Kraus Farm, also known as La Paix Herb Farm, is a historic home located near Alum Bridge, Lewis County, West Virginia. The original farmhouse was built about 1850, and is a two-story log house appended as an ell to the rear of the main house. The main house is a two-story, wood-frame I house. It features a two-story porch. Also on the property is a root cellar (1880) and chicken / pig shed (1880). It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

text:
# May–Kraus Farm

**May–Kraus Farm**, also known as La Paix Herb Farm, is a historic home located near Alum Bridge, Lewis County, West Virginia. The original farmhouse was built about 1850, and is a two-story log house appended as an ell to the rear of the main house. The main house is a two-story, wood-frame I house. It features a two-story porch. Also on the property is a root cellar (1880) and chicken / pig shed (1880).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| May–Kraus Farm | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 3052 Crooked Run Rd., near Alum Bridge, West Virginia |
| Coordinates | 39°1′22″N 80°37′46″W / 39.02278°N 80.62944°W / 39.02278; -80.62944 |
| Area | 110 acres (45 ha) |
| Built | 1850 |
| Built by | Lawrence May |
| Architectural style | I-House |
| NRHP reference No. | 06000175 |
| Added to NRHP | March 22, 2006 |


title: Money in the Bank (2023)

abstract: The 2023 Money in the Bank was the 14th annual Money in the Bank professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and livestreaming event produced by the American promotion WWE. It was held for wrestlers from the promotion's Raw and SmackDown brand divisions. The event took place on Saturday, July 1, 2023, at The O2 Arena in London, England. This was the first Money in the Bank to be held outside of the United States as well as WWE's first major event to be held in London since Insurrextion in May 2002 and England in general since Insurrextion in June 2003. It was also the first Money in the Bank to livestream on Binge in Australia. Seven matches were contested at the event. In the main event, which was SmackDown's main match, The Usos defeated The Bloodline in a "Bloodline Civil War" tag team match. Jey pinned Reigns to win the match, which was the first time that Reigns was pinned since TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs in December 2019. Additionally, Raw's Damian Priest and SmackDown's Iyo Sky won the respective men's and women's Money in the Bank ladder matches. In other prominent matches, Seth "Freakin" Rollins defeated Finn Bálor to retain the World Heavyweight Championship, which was the main match from Raw, and Cody Rhodes defeated Dominik Mysterio. The event also saw surprise appearances by John Cena and Drew McIntyre, both appearing for the first time since WrestleMania 39 in April 2023.

text:
# Money in the Bank (2023)

The 2023 **Money in the Bank** was the 14th annual Money in the Bank professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and livestreaming event produced by the American promotion WWE. It was held for wrestlers from the promotion's Raw and SmackDown brand divisions. The event took place on Saturday, July 1, 2023, at The O2 Arena in London, England. This was the first Money in the Bank to be held outside of the United States as well as WWE's first major event to be held in London since Insurrextion in May 2002 and England in general since Insurrextion in June 2003. It was also the first Money in the Bank to livestream on Binge in Australia.

Seven matches were contested at the event. In the main event, which was SmackDown's main match, The Usos (Jey Uso and Jimmy Uso) defeated The Bloodline (Roman Reigns and Solo Sikoa) in a "Bloodline Civil War" tag team match. Jey pinned Reigns to win the match, which was the first time that Reigns was pinned since TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs in December 2019. Additionally, Raw's Damian Priest and SmackDown's Iyo Sky won the respective men's and women's Money in the Bank ladder matches. In other prominent matches, Seth "Freakin" Rollins defeated Finn Bálor to retain the World Heavyweight Championship, which was the main match from Raw, and Cody Rhodes defeated Dominik Mysterio. The event also saw surprise appearances by John Cena and Drew McIntyre, both appearing for the first time since WrestleMania 39 in April 2023.

## Production

### Background

Money in the Bank is an annual professional wrestling event produced by the American promotion WWE since 2010, generally held between May and July. Along with WrestleMania, Royal Rumble, SummerSlam, and Survivor Series, it is considered one of the promotion's five biggest events of the year, referred to as the "Big Five". The concept of the event comes from WWE's established Money in the Bank ladder match, in which multiple wrestlers use ladders to retrieve a briefcase hanging above the ring. The briefcase contains a contract that guarantees the winner a match for a championship of their choosing at any time within the next year. The 2023 event featured wrestlers from the Raw and SmackDown brand divisions and also reduced the number of participants in both matches: the men's had seven participants with three from Raw and SmackDown each and one non-exclusive wrestler, while the women's had six participants evenly divided between the brands.

Following the success of Clash at the Castle in September 2022, which was held in Cardiff, Wales, WWE announced on January 5, 2023, that they would be returning to the United Kingdom for the 14th Money in the Bank event on Saturday, July 1, 2023, at The O2 Arena in London, England. This marked the first Money in the Bank event to be held outside of the United States. This was also WWE's first major event to be held in London since Insurrextion in May 2002 and England in general since Insurrextion in June 2003. In addition to airing on pay-per-view worldwide and the livestreaming services Peacock in the United States and the WWE Network in most international markets, it was the first Money in the Bank to livestream on Binge in Australia after the Australian version of the WWE Network merged under Foxtel's channel Binge in January. It was also announced that the June 30 episode of *Friday Night SmackDown* would air live from the same venue, marking the first time for the show to broadcast live and in primetime from the UK at 8pm local on BT Sport. Tickets for both events went on sale on February 24 with hospitality packages also available. It was reported that general admission tickets for Money in the Bank sold out in one minute.

### Storylines

The event included matches that resulted from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portrayed heroes, villains, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches. Results were predetermined by WWE's writers on the Raw and SmackDown brands, while storylines were produced on WWE's weekly television shows, *Monday Night Raw* and *Friday Night SmackDown*.

Qualifying matches for the men's Money in the Bank ladder match began on the May 29 episode of *Raw*. Ricochet and Shinsuke Nakamura became the first and second qualified entrants by defeating The Miz and Bronson Reed, respectively. LA Knight then qualified by defeating Montez Ford on the June 2 episode of *SmackDown*. The next qualifying matches occurred on the following week's *SmackDown*, where Santos Escobar and Butch qualified by defeating Mustafa Ali and Baron Corbin, respectively. Damian Priest then defeated Matt Riddle in the final qualifying match on the June 12 episode of *Raw*. On the following week's *Raw*, however, Logan Paul—in his first appearance since Night 1 of WrestleMania 39—revealed that after talking with WWE executives, he would also be competing in the match.

Qualifying matches for the women's Money in the Bank ladder match began on the June 2 episode of *SmackDown*, with Zelina Vega defeating Lacey Evans to be the first qualified entrant. The next qualifying matches occurred on the June 5 episode of *Raw*, where Becky Lynch and Zoey Stark defeated Sonya Deville and Natalya, respectively. Damage CTRL's Bayley and Iyo Sky then qualified by defeating "Michin" Mia Yim and Shotzi, respectively, on the June 9 episode of *SmackDown*. The last qualifying match occurred on the June 19 episode of *Raw*, where Trish Stratus defeated Raquel Rodriguez by disqualification thanks to an accidental interference from Lynch. Additionally, on the June 30 episode of *SmackDown*, Shotzi faced Bayley in a match where if Shotzi had won, she would have taken Bayley's spot in the Money in the Bank ladder match; however, Bayley won to keep her spot.

On the June 5 episode of *Raw*, The Miz hosted a "Miz TV" segment with Cody Rhodes as the special guest. During the segment, Miz introduced Judgment Day's Dominik Mysterio and SmackDown Women's Champion Rhea Ripley as his other special guests where Dominik taunted Rhodes, stating that Rhodes was a bad father and that he should be home with his baby daughter. Rhodes then proclaimed that Dominik's father Rey Mysterio made some terrible mistakes, one of which was having Dominik as his son. Dominik then feigned leaving the ring, only to return and slap Rhodes in the face. The following week during a presentation in which Ripley's SmackDown Women's Championship became the Women's World Championship, Rhodes interrupted and challenged Dominik to a match at Money in the Bank, which Ripley accepted on his behalf.

On the May 8 episode of *Raw*, Seth "Freakin" Rollins defeated Finn Bálor in the semifinals of a tournament for the inaugural World Heavyweight Championship, which Rollins ultimately won at Night of Champions. On the next episode of *Raw*, Rollins was victorious in a tag team match against Judgment Day members Bálor and Damian Priest. This led to a title match the following week where Rollins retained against Priest. Following the match, Bálor and Rollins came face-to-face. On the June 12 episode, Bálor called out Rollins and recalled that at SummerSlam in 2016 when he defeated Rollins for the inaugural Universal Championship, Rollins injured him in the match, which caused him to vacate the title the following day and derailed his career. Bálor claimed that he would do the same to Rollins at Money in the Bank by taking away the World Heavyweight Championship from him. Rollins then accepted Bálor's challenge for his title at Money in the Bank.

In the main event of Night 1 of WrestleMania 39, The Usos (Jey Uso and Jimmy Uso) lost the Undisputed WWE Tag Team Championship and failed to regain them. The Bloodline (The Usos and Solo Sikoa) ended up winning a six-man tag team match at Backlash, although there was friction between Sikoa and The Usos. On the following *SmackDown*, Undisputed WWE Universal Champion Roman Reigns demanded that The Usos apologize for their loss and failure to regain the championships, and although Jimmy refused to apologize, Jey apologized on Jimmy's behalf. The Bloodline's special counsel Paul Heyman then announced that he was able to procure another tag team championship match for The Bloodline; however, instead of The Usos, it would be Reigns and Sikoa, which would take place at Night of Champions. At the event, The Usos interfered in the match, and accidentally attacked Sikoa with a superkick. This infuriated Reigns and eventually lambasted and shoved both Usos around, however, Jimmy retaliated by attacking Reigns, after which, along with Jey, they retreated. Reigns and Sikoa would ultimately lose the match. On the next episode of *SmackDown*, during a celebration for Reigns' achievement of reaching 1,000 days as Universal Champion, The Usos interrupted. Jimmy stated that he did what he did at Night of Champions to protect his family, specifically his brother Jey. Jimmy seemingly convinced Sikoa to join them against Reigns and The Usos had apparently convinced Reigns that they should stay together as a family. Reigns then embraced Jimmy, however, Reigns rejected Jimmy's proposal, prompting Sikoa to attack Jimmy. On the next episode, Heyman tried to persuade Jey to stay in The Bloodline, while also getting him a United States Championship match. However, Jey said that if he stays with the Bloodline, Heyman would have to leave. Then on the championship match, Jey lost after Jimmy unintentionally attacked him. On the next episode, Reigns said to Jey that Heyman is his special counsel, not Bloodline's, then Heyman would not leave. After Jey seemingly sidelined with Reigns, he turned on him, choosing to stay by Jimmy's side. On the June 17 episode of *SmackDown LowDown*, it was announced that The Usos would face Reigns and Sikoa at Money in the Bank in a "Bloodline Civil War" tag team match.

During Raquel Rodriguez and Liv Morgan's defense of the WWE Women's Tag Team Championship on the May 12 episode of *SmackDown*, Morgan legitimately injured her shoulder. On *Raw* the next week, Ronda Rousey and Shayna Baszler, in their first appearance since Night 2 of WrestleMania 39, attacked Rodriguez after her match, wanting a title match, regardless if Rodriguez defended it alone. However, on the May 19 episode of *SmackDown*, the championship was vacated because of Morgan's injury. A fatal four-way tag team match was scheduled for the May 29 episode of *Raw* to determine the new champions, where Rousey and Baszler won. On the June 23 episode of *SmackDown*, Rousey and Baszler defeated NXT Women's Tag Team Champions Alba Fyre and Isla Dawn to unify the championships. During the match, Rodriguez was watching at ringside. As she walked away, Rousey called her out and asked why she was there. She said that she wanted a rematch for the title before introducing the returning Morgan. They had a staredown before Rousey and Baszler left the ring. The next day on *SmackDown LowDown*, it was announced that Rousey and Baszler would defend the WWE Women's Tag Team Championship against Rodriguez and Morgan at Money in the Bank.

On the May 15 episode of *Raw*, Matt Riddle was competing in a battle royal to determine Gunther's next challenger for the Intercontinental Championship. During the match, by Gunther's order, his Imperium stablemates, Ludwig Kaiser and Giovanni Vinci, attacked Riddle, causing him to be eliminated. This led to a six-man tag team match the next week against Imperium, where Riddle's team won. Their rivalry continued through the next episodes, and on the June 12 episode of *Raw*, after Riddle's Money in the Bank qualifying match, he was attacked by Kaiser and Gunther, and later, Riddle tried to interfere in Gunther and Kaiser's Undisputed WWE Tag Team Championship match, costing both men the titles. On the next episode, after Riddle defeated Kaiser, Gunther and Kaiser attacked Riddle once again, almost Kayfabe injuring his leg. On June 26, Riddle challenged Gunther to a match for his Intercontinental Championship at Money in the Bank, which Gunther accepted on that night's episode of *Raw*.

## Event

**Other on-screen personnel**
| Role: | Name: |
| --- | --- |
| English commentators | Michael Cole |
| | Wade Barrett |
| Spanish commentators | Marcelo Rodriguez |
| | Jerry Soto |
| Ring announcers | Mike Rome (SmackDown) |
| | Samantha Irvin (Raw) |
| Referees | Danilo Anfibio |
| | Jason Ayers |
| | Jessika Carr |
| | Dan Engler |
| | Daphanie LaShaunn |
| | Chad Patton |
| | Rod Zapata |
| Interviewer | Kayla Braxton |
| Pre-show panel | Jackie Redmond |
| | Matt Camp |
| | Peter Rosenberg |

### Preliminary matches

The pay-per-view opened with the men's Money in the Bank ladder match, featuring Damian Priest, Ricochet, and Shinsuke Nakamura from Raw, LA Knight, Butch, and Santos Escobar from SmackDown, and Logan Paul. The match began with the other competitors attacking Paul and throwing him out of the ring. Paul quickly recovered, obtained a ladder and ascended it, however, Paul was thwarted by Nakamura. Escobar, Butch and Ricochet pinned Priest in the corner with a ladder and took turns attacking Priest. Paul set up a ladder and ascended it once again, however, the remaining participants thwarted Paul's attempts. Paul and Priest agreed to a temporary alliance and set up two tables at ringside, however, Priest ended the alliance quickly and attacked Paul. Paul recovered and attacked the other competitors. Butch applied a chinlock on Escobar while on a ladder, however, Ricochet performed a 450 splash on them. Butch then performed a Moonsault from a ladder onto the other competitors. In the end, Priest then fended off Escobar and Nakamura before performing a Broken Arrow from the top of the ladder on Knight and Priest unhooked the briefcase to win the match, and would hold on to it until WrestleMania.

Next, Ronda Rousey and Shayna Baszler defended the WWE Women's Tag Team Championship against Raquel Rodriguez and Liv Morgan. During the match, Baszler and Rousey dominated Morgan and Rodriguez. In the closing moments, Baszler turned on her own tag partner, Rousey, and applied the Kirifuda Clutch on her before leaving. Rodriguez and Morgan then performed the Tejana Bomb/Oblivion combo on Rousey to regain the title for a second time.

After that, Gunther defended Raw's Intercontinental Championship against Matt Riddle. During the match, Riddle landed on his feet during a German Suplex attempt, only to tweak his ankle. Riddle performed a Floating Bro on Gunther for a nearfall. Gunther performed a Tenryu Powerbomb for a nearfall. In the closing moments, Gunther then applied a half crab on Riddle's injured ankle, followed by a leglock to force Riddle to submit to retain the title. Following the match, Drew McIntyre made his return in his first appearance since Night 2 of WrestleMania 39, and his first appearance since being drafted to Raw. After a brief staredown, Gunther shoved McIntyre, only for McIntyre to respond with a Claymore Kick on Gunther, after which, McIntyre taunted Gunther with the Intercontinental Championship belt.

In the fourth match, Cody Rhodes took on Dominik Mysterio (accompanied by Rhea Ripley). At the start of the match, Mysterio repeatedly slapped Rhodes, however, he retreated every time Rhodes wanted to attack Mysterio. Mysterio then tried to escape to the backstage area, however, Rhodes caught Mysterio and threw him back to the ring. Mysterio also tried to escape into the crowd, only for Rhodes to thwart his attempts again. After Rhodes was momentarily distracted by Ripley, the referee did not notice Mysterio removing the turnbuckle. Ripley then shoved Rhodes into the exposed turnbuckle and Mysterio began to take control on Rhodes. Rhodes performed a Disaster Kick on Mysterio for a nearfall. In the closing moments, after Ripley distracted Rhodes. Mysterio set Rhodes up for a 619 attempt, however, Rhodes countered with an Alabama Slam, a Cody Cutter and Cross Rhodes to win the match.

Next, John Cena, in his first appearance since Night 1 of WrestleMania 39, made a surprise appearance. Cena praised the crowd and then stated that London should host WrestleMania in the future. Cena then was interrupted by Grayson Waller, who stated that WrestleMania should take place in his own home country, Australia. Waller then taunted Cena about his previous losses and pitched the greatest "Grayson Waller Effect" at WrestleMania with Cena as the special guest. Waller then attacked Cena from behind, however, Cena performed an Attitude Adjustment on Waller to end the segment.

After that, the women's Money in the Bank ladder match took place, featuring Becky Lynch, Trish Stratus, and Zoey Stark from Raw and Bayley, Iyo Sky, and Zelina Vega from SmackDown. Sky and Bayley ascended opposite sides of a ladder when Lynch tipped it over. Lynch then fended off Stark before Stratus headscissored Lynch into the corner. Lynch and Sky were able to momentarily subdue Stratus, and Vega managed to use Stratus as a bridge between two ladders to climb the taller one. Sky performed a Moonsault off the ladder onto the other women. Vega leaped off a ladder onto Lynch. Stark and Stratus decided to double-team Lynch and place a handcuff on one of her wrists, but Lynch cleared the announce table and sent Stratus over it. Lynch then placed a ladder as a bridge between the ring apron and the announce table and performed a Manhandle Slam on Stratus onto the ladder. Stark followed up with a Neckbreaker on Lynch. Stark and Vega climbed opposite sides of the ladder, with Vega getting the upper hand after performing Code Red on Stark onto a bridged ladder. As Sky ascended the ladder, Bayley tipped it over. Bayley ascended the ladder, but Lynch used the handcuffs to knock Bayley down. As Lynch was closing in on the win, Sky knocked her down and handcuffed Lynch and Bayley's wrists together between the ladder's steps. Sky then retrieved the briefcase to win the match.

In the penultimate match, Seth "Freakin" Rollins defended Raw's World Heavyweight Championship against Finn Bálor. During the match, Bálor attempted a Coup de Grâce, but Rollins avoided it and rolled up Bálor for a nearfall. Rollins performed a Pedigree on Bálor for another nearfall, after which, Damian Priest made his way to the ring with his Money in the Bank briefcase. As Rollins was focusing on Priest, Bálor sent Rollins into the barricade with a dropkick, and followed up with two Coup de Grâces, first from the announce table and the second from the steel steps. As Bálor set up for a third in the ring, Priest stood up as if he was going to cash in his contract, which distracted Bálor, allowing Rollins to perform The Stomp on Bálor to retain the title.

### Main event

In the main event, The Bloodline (Roman Reigns and Solo Sikoa, accompanied by Paul Heyman) faced The Usos (Jey Uso and Jimmy Uso) in a Bloodline Civil War tag team match. Sikoa overpowered Jimmy, but The Usos mounted in some offense. Sikoa then tagged Reigns in. Reigns and Jey then circled each other with Reigns getting the upper hand. Later on, Jey performed a suicide dive on Sikoa and attempted another, but Reigns punched him out of mid-air. Reigns followed up with a Superman Punch and played to the crowd, but Jimmy tagged himself in and The Usos performed a Double Spear on Reigns, but the pin was broken up by Sikoa. Jey sent Sikoa into the ring post and Reigns performed a Superman Punch on Jimmy for a nearfall. Jimmy performed two Superkicks on Reigns and went for the Uso Splash, but Reigns countered into the Guillotine. Reigns intercepted a Jimmy superkick, but Jimmy sent Reigns into the referee, knocking him out. The Usos then performed the 1D on Reigns, but the referee was unable to make the count. As The Usos ascended the turnbuckles, Reigns and Sikoa gave them stereo Uranages. Sikoa then performed the Samoan Spike on Jimmy, and Reigns performed a Spear on Jey before Sikoa did the same. As they stacked Jimmy on Jey, the referee recovered, but The Usos kicked out.

Sikoa then performed a Superkick on Jimmy onto the announce desk and attempted a Frog Splash through it, but Jimmy moved out of the way. Back in the ring, Jey performed a Superkick on Reigns, who followed up with a Spear on Jey for a nearfall. During the kickout, Jey performed a low blow on Reigns which the referee did not see, which Reigns used to do. The Usos then performed Superkicks on Reigns and Sikoa and finally, Jey performed a Frog Splash on Reigns and pinned him to win the match. This marked Reigns' first pinfall loss since TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs in December 2019.

## Reception

As with WWE's other PPVs in 2023, Money in the Bank received positive reviews from critics and fans. The event itself was the highest grossing arena event in WWE history.

Dave Meltzer gave his opinions of each match through his well-known star ratings. The Bloodline Civil War tag team match and the Men's Money In The Bank Ladder Match both received 4.5 stars, the highest-rated matches of the night. The Women's Money In The Bank Ladder match got 4 stars, the highest-rated Women's MITB Ladder match since 2018. Both the Intercontinental and Women's Tag Team Championship matches were rated 2.75 stars, the lowest-rated matches of the night. Cody Rhodes vs Dominik Mysterio was rated 3 stars. Finally, the World Heavyweight Championship match was rated 3.5 stars.

## Aftermath

### Raw

On the following episode of *Raw*, World Heavyweight Champion Seth "Freakin" Rollins talked about his plans for SummerSlam when The Judgment Day (Damian Priest, Rhea Ripley, and Dominik Mysterio) interrupted. This led to a match between Mysterio and Rollins which the latter won via disqualification after interference from Priest. After the match, Priest attempted to cash in his Money in the Bank briefcase, but Finn Bálor appeared to attack Rollins. Bálor and Priest argued with each other while Rollins laid out Mysterio. The following week, arguments between Bálor and Priest ensued, but later, they both agreed that Bálor should receive a title match first. Later that night, The Judgment Day defeated Rollins' team in a six-man tag team match. On the July 17 episode, another championship match between Rollins and Bálor was made official for SummerSlam. Rollins would continue as champion until Night 2 of WrestleMania XL on April 7, 2024, where he lost the title to Drew McIntyre. After the match, CM Punk attacked McIntyre, allowing Priest to cash in the contract and win the title.

After Money in the Bank, Logan Paul attacked Ricochet backstage for costing him the Money in the Bank ladder match. Ricochet then invited Paul to meet him face-to-face on the July 10 episode of *Raw* where he challenged Paul to a match at SummerSlam, but Paul denied. Paul once again accepted Ricochet's invitation to meet him on the July 24 episode where Paul attacked Ricochet from behind and then accepted his challenge to a match at SummerSlam.

Drew McIntyre continued to feud with Imperium (Gunther, Ludwig Kaiser, and Giovanni Vinci) over the next few weeks, including defeating Kaiser and Vinci in a tag team match on the July 10 episode of *Raw*. On the next episode after Gunther's match, he called out McIntyre, with a face-to-face between the two being scheduled for the next episode. There, McIntyre challenged Gunther to a match for his championship that night, however, Gunther declined, but said that he would defend it against McIntyre at SummerSlam, which was made official.

Also on the following episode of *Raw*, Ronda Rousey called out Shayna Baszler, who said that she was responsible for bringing Rousey into WWE, and while she had to work her way through the WWE system, beginning in NXT, Rousey skipped the process and had her debut match at WrestleMania 34. Baszler then said that she was the one who could finally shut her up, and then they brawled with each other. They once again brawled the next week, and on the July 17 episode, Baszler challenged Rousey to come to the ring, however, she declined, and said that she would fight her at SummerSlam. The following week, both agreed to fight at SummerSlam, which was later confirmed. On the final *Raw* before SummerSlam, it was announced that the match would be a Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) Rules match.

### SmackDown

On the following *SmackDown*, a trial for Undisputed WWE Universal Champion Roman Reigns was held. Reigns feigned not wanting to be the Tribal Chief any longer and hit Jey Uso with a low blow. Jimmy Uso then attacked Reigns until Solo Sikoa tossed him away and then both Sikoa and Reigns brutally attacked him, resulting in Jimmy being taken to a hospital. Later that night, Jey viciously attacked Reigns and Sikoa with a steel chair before challenging Reigns for the Undisputed WWE Universal Championship. The following week, Jey talked about his family's relationship with one another before being interrupted by Sikoa and Reigns' special counsel Paul Heyman, who said that Reigns would meet Jey the following week to discuss the "rules of engagement". There, it was agreed that Reigns would defend the Undisputed WWE Universal Championship against Jey in an anything goes match called Tribal Combat, where in addition to the championship, the winner would be recognized as the Tribal Chief of the Anoaʻi family. At the event, Reigns retained after Jimmy turned on Jey, marking Money in the Bank the last time The Usos teamed together in a match.

At SummerSlam, Iyo Sky cashed in the Money in the Bank briefcase on Bianca Belair after the latter won the WWE Women's Championship and defeated her to win the title for the first time.

## Results

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Damian Priest defeated Butch, LA Knight, Logan Paul, Ricochet, Santos Escobar, and Shinsuke Nakamura | Money in the Bank ladder match for a men's championship match contract | 20:25 |
| 2 | Liv Morgan and Raquel Rodriguez defeated Ronda Rousey and Shayna Baszler (c) by pinfall | Tag team match for the WWE Women's Tag Team Championship | 9:00 |
| 3 | Gunther (c) defeated Matt Riddle by submission | Singles match for the WWE Intercontinental Championship | 7:45 |
| 4 | Cody Rhodes defeated Dominik Mysterio (with Rhea Ripley) by pinfall | Singles match | 8:40 |
| 5 | Iyo Sky defeated Bayley, Becky Lynch, Trish Stratus, Zelina Vega, and Zoey Stark | Money in the Bank ladder match for a women's championship match contract | 18:05 |
| 6 | Seth "Freakin" Rollins (c) defeated Finn Bálor by pinfall | Singles match for the World Heavyweight Championship | 12:30 |
| 7 | The Usos (Jey Uso and Jimmy Uso) defeated The Bloodline (Roman Reigns and Solo Sikoa) (with Paul Heyman) by pinfall | "Bloodline Civil War" tag team match | 32:10 |
| (c)  – the champion(s) heading into the match | | | |

## InfoBox

| Money in the Bank | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional poster featuring Seth "Freakin" Rollins and various other WWE wrestlers, as well as London landmarks Elizabeth Tower and the Tower Bridge. | |
| Promotion | WWE |
| Brand(s) | Raw<br>SmackDown |
| Date | July 1, 2023 |
| City | London, England |
| Venue | The O2 Arena |
| Attendance | 18,885 |
| WWE Network event chronology | |
| **Previous**<br>NXT Battleground **Next** <br>NXT The Great American Bash | |
| Money in the Bank chronology | |
| **Previous**<br>2022 **Next** <br>2024 | |
| WWE in Europe chronology | |
| **Previous**<br>Clash at the Castle **Next** <br>Backlash France | |


title: Wilbert Pennings

abstract: Wilbert Bernard Roger Pennings is a Dutch high jumper. He is a thirteen-time Dutch champion and holds the national indoor and outdoor records. Pennings became Dutch high jump champion for the first time in 1995, jumping over 2.17 metres. In 1999 he improved the Dutch national outdoor record to 2.30 and finished tenth at the 1999 World Championships. In 2000 he represented the Netherlands in the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, where he did not qualify for the final, jumping over 2.20. In February 2002 in Siegen, Germany, Wilbert Pennings improved the Dutch national indoor record to 2.31 and became seventh at the 2002 European Indoor Championships, one month later. During the outdoor season he finished thirteenth at the 2002 European Championships. Due to injuries he was unable to compete in the 2004 Summer Olympics, but finished twelfth at the 2006 European Championships. Pennings, who is an aerospace engineering graduate, works for the Royal Netherlands Air Force and is a member of the Dutch defence top-sport program.

text:
# Wilbert Pennings

**Wilbert Bernard Roger Pennings** (born 23 February 1975 in Alphen aan den Rijn) is a Dutch high jumper. He is a thirteen-time Dutch champion and holds the national indoor and outdoor records.

Pennings became Dutch high jump champion for the first time in 1995, jumping over 2.17 metres. In 1999 he improved the Dutch national outdoor record to 2.30 and finished tenth at the 1999 World Championships. In 2000 he represented the Netherlands in the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, where he did not qualify for the final, jumping over 2.20.

In February 2002 in Siegen, Germany, Wilbert Pennings improved the Dutch national indoor record to 2.31 and became seventh at the 2002 European Indoor Championships, one month later. During the outdoor season he finished thirteenth at the 2002 European Championships.

Due to injuries he was unable to compete in the 2004 Summer Olympics, but finished twelfth at the 2006 European Championships.

Pennings, who is an aerospace engineering graduate, works for the Royal Netherlands Air Force and is a member of the Dutch defence top-sport program.

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Representing the  Netherlands | | | | | |
| 1998 | European Indoor Championships | Valencia, Spain | 18th (q) | High jump | 2.20 m |
| | European Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 13th (q) | High jump | 2.20 m |
| 1999 | Universiade | Palma de Mallorca, Spain | 8th | High jump | 2.19 m |
| | World Championships | Seville, Spain | 10th | High jump | 2.25 m |
| 2000 | European Indoor Championships | Ghent, Belgium | 20th (q) | High jump | 2.11 m |
| | Olympic Games | Sydney, Australia | 23rd (q) | High jump | 2.20 m |
| 2002 | European Indoor Championships | Vienna, Austria | 7th | High jump | 2.24 m |
| | European Championships | Munich, Germany | 13th | High jump | 2.18 m |
| 2003 | World Championships | Paris, France | 27th (q) | High jump | 2.20 m |
| 2006 | European Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 12th | High jump | 2.20 m |

## Honours

Dutch National Championships, high jump, 2007, Amsterdam


title: 1963–64 Cincinnati Royals season

abstract:
The 1963–64 season was the Royals 16th season in the NBA and its seventh in Cincinnati. The Royals finished in 2nd place with a 55–25 record, the second best record in the NBA.
The team's outstanding roster included Oscar Robertson, Jerry Lucas, Team Captain Wayne Embry, Jack Twyman, Arlen Bockhorn, Bob Boozer, Tom Hawkins, Adrian Smith, Bud Olsen, Larry Staverman and coach Jack McMahon.
The team is noteworthy for having both the NBA MVP in Robertson and the NBA Rookie of the Year in Lucas, a rare occurrence in NBA history.
The team played most of their home games at Cincinnati Gardens arena, but also hosted home games that season in Dayton, Lima, Columbus at Saint John arena and Cleveland at Cleveland Arena.
In the playoffs the Royals defeated the Philadelphia 76ers in a 5-game series, but both Lucas and Olsen would be lost to injury. In the Eastern Conference Final, the Royals were eliminated by the Boston Celtics, who triumphed in 5 games.

text:
# 1963–64 Cincinnati Royals season

The 1963–64 season was the Royals 16th season in the NBA and its seventh in Cincinnati. The Royals finished in 2nd place with a 55–25 record, the second best record in the NBA. The team's outstanding roster included Oscar Robertson, Jerry Lucas, Team Captain Wayne Embry, Jack Twyman, Arlen Bockhorn, Bob Boozer, Tom Hawkins, Adrian Smith, Bud Olsen, Larry Staverman and coach Jack McMahon . The team is noteworthy for having both the NBA MVP in Robertson and the NBA Rookie of the Year in Lucas, a rare occurrence in NBA history. The team played most of their home games at Cincinnati Gardens arena, but also hosted home games that season in Dayton, Lima, Columbus at Saint John arena and Cleveland at Cleveland Arena. In the playoffs the Royals defeated the Philadelphia 76ers in a 5-game series, but both Lucas and Olsen would be lost to injury. In the Eastern Conference Final, the Royals were eliminated by the Boston Celtics, who triumphed in 5 games.

## Draft picks

Tom Thacker from the outstanding University of Cincinnati program was another territorial draft pick, the team's first this year. Shooter Jimmy Rayl was the team's second-round selection. He was cut, but later played in the ABA.

## Regular season

### Season standings

|  | W | L | PCT | GB | Home | Road | Neutral | Div |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **x-**Boston Celtics | 59 | 21 | .738 |  | 26–4 | 21–17 | 12–0 | 25–11 |
| **x-**Cincinnati Royals | 55 | 25 | .688 | 4 | 26–7 | 18–18 | 11–0 | 27–9 |
| **x-**Philadelphia 76ers | 34 | 46 | .425 | 25 | 18–12 | 12–22 | 4–12 | 13–23 |
| New York Knicks | 22 | 58 | .275 | 37 | 10–25 | 8–27 | 4–6 | 7–29 |

### Record vs. opponents

| 1963-64 NBA Records | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | BAL | BOS | CIN | DET | LAL | NYK | PHI | SFW | STL |
| Baltimore |  | 1–9 | 2–8 | 7–3 | 3–7 | 7–3 | 5–5 | 3–7 | 3–7 |
| Boston | 9–1 |  | 5–7 | 7–1 | 6–3 | 10–2 | 10–2 | 5–3 | 7–2 |
| Cincinnati | 8–2 | 7–5 |  | 7–2 | 4–4 | 11–1 | 9–3 | 5–4 | 4–4 |
| Detroit | 3–7 | 1–7 | 2–7 |  | 5–7 | 4–5 | 3–5 | 3–9 | 2–10 |
| Los Angeles | 7–3 | 3–6 | 4–4 | 7–5 |  | 6–2 | 5–4 | 5–7 | 5–7 |
| New York | 3–7 | 2–10 | 1–11 | 5–4 | 2–6 |  | 4–8 | 1–8 | 4–4 |
| Philadelphia | 5–5 | 2–10 | 3–9 | 5–3 | 4–5 | 8–4 |  | 4–4 | 3–6 |
| San Francisco | 7–3 | 3–5 | 4–5 | 9–3 | 7–5 | 8–1 | 4–4 |  | 6–6 |
| St. Louis | 7–3 | 2–7 | 4–4 | 10–2 | 7–5 | 4–4 | 6–3 | 6–6 |  |

### Season Schedule

| 1963–64 game log | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **#** | **Date** | **Opponent** | **Score** | **High points** | **Record** |
| 1 | October 16 | @ St. Louis | 112–93 | Wayne Embry (25) | 1–0 |
| 2 | October 17 | Boston | 93–92 | Oscar Robertson (20) | 1–1 |
| 3 | October 19 | New York | 97–121 | Oscar Robertson (19) | 2–1 |
| 4 | October 22 | San Francisco | 97–103 | Oscar Robertson (22) | 3–1 |
| 5 | October 25 | Los Angeles | 122–109 | Oscar Robertson (27) | 3–2 |
| 6 | October 26 | @ San Francisco | 99–102 | Jack Twyman (31) | 3–3 |
| 7 | October 29 | @ San Francisco | 108–101 | Oscar Robertson (28) | 4–3 |
| 8 | October 30 | @ Los Angeles | 115–107 | Oscar Robertson (36) | 5–3 |
| 9 | November 1 | @ Los Angeles | 112–122 | Oscar Robertson (26) | 5–4 |
| 10 | November 3 | N Philadelphia | 93–95 | Oscar Robertson (25) | 6–4 |
| 11 | November 6 | @ Boston | 121–139 | Robertson, Twyman (24) | 6–5 |
| 12 | November 8 | Boston | 115–116 | Oscar Robertson (35) | 7–5 |
| 13 | November 9 | Detroit | 109–118 | Wayne Embry (30) | 8–5 |
| 14 | November 13 | San Francisco | 98–92 | Oscar Robertson (28) | 8–6 |
| 15 | November 16 | @ New York | 114–122 | Wayne Embry (27) | 8–7 |
| 16 | November 17 | Baltimore | 109–110 | Oscar Robertson (28) | 9–7 |
| 17 | November 19 | N Detroit | 102–127 | Oscar Robertson (32) | 10–7 |
| 18 | November 20 | @ Detroit | 118–124 | Lucas, Robertson (22) | 10–8 |
| 19 | November 23 | @ St. Louis | 121–133 | Oscar Robertson (33) | 10–9 |
| 20 | November 24 | St. Louis | 113–122 | Oscar Robertson (32) | 11–9 |
| 21 | November 26 | N San Francisco | 112–123 | Oscar Robertson (32) | 12–9 |
| 22 | November 27 | @ Baltimore | 122–119 | Embry, Robertson (28) | 13–9 |
| 23 | November 28 | @ Philadelphia | 125–110 | Oscar Robertson (38) | 14–9 |
| 24 | November 29 | New York | 110–135 | Oscar Robertson (29) | 15–9 |
| 25 | December 1 | Los Angeles | 114–109 | Wayne Embry (39) | 15–10 |
| 26 | December 5 | Boston | 108–118 | Oscar Robertson (48) | 16–10 |
| 27 | December 6 | @ Boston | 107–112 | Oscar Robertson (40) | 16–11 |
| 28 | December 7 | @ New York | 116–105 | Oscar Robertson (35) | 17–11 |
| 29 | December 8 | Philadelphia | 126–116 | Oscar Robertson (32) | 17–12 |
| 30 | December 11 | @ Detroit | 127–107 | Oscar Robertson (26) | 18–12 |
| 31 | December 12 | New York | 102–112 | Jack Twyman (31) | 19–12 |
| 32 | December 14 | @ Boston | 108–105 | Embry, Robertson (25) | 20–12 |
| 33 | December 20 | Baltimore | 96–103 | Oscar Robertson (24) | 21–12 |
| 34 | December 21 | @ Baltimore | 106–108 | Wayne Embry (26) | 21–13 |
| 35 | December 25 | St. Louis | 107–113 | Oscar Robertson (37) | 22–13 |
| 36 | December 27 | Boston | 87–91 | Oscar Robertson (37) | 23–13 |
| 37 | December 29 | New York | 99–105 | Oscar Robertson (29) | 24–13 |
| 38 | January 2 | N Detroit | 111–112 | Oscar Robertson (32) | 25–13 |
| 39 | January 3 | @ Philadelphia | 110–132 | Oscar Robertson (27) | 25–14 |
| 40 | January 4 | @ New York | 125–116 | Oscar Robertson (41) | 26–14 |
| 41 | January 5 | Baltimore | 106–111 | Wayne Embry (27) | 27–14 |
| 42 | January 7 | N Philadelphia | 110–130 | Jack Twyman (29) | 28–14 |
| 43 | January 8 | N Philadelphia | 110–126 | Oscar Robertson (30) | 29–14 |
| 44 | January 10 | @ Boston | 92–109 | Oscar Robertson (32) | 29–15 |
| 45 | January 12 | Detroit | 88–120 | Oscar Robertson (34) | 30–15 |
| 46 | January 16 | Los Angeles | 95–108 | Oscar Robertson (32) | 31–15 |
| 47 | January 18 | St. Louis | 121–120 | Oscar Robertson (40) | 31–16 |
| 48 | January 19 | @ St. Louis | 109–114 | Oscar Robertson (44) | 31–17 |
| 49 | January 21 | @ New York | 139–124 | Oscar Robertson (31) | 32–17 |
| 50 | January 22 | Boston | 92–109 | Oscar Robertson (38) | 33–17 |
| 51 | January 24 | @ Philadelphia | 111–134 | Lucas, Robertson (29) | 33–18 |
| 52 | January 25 | @ Baltimore | 99–115 | Oscar Robertson (27) | 33–19 |
| 53 | January 30 | N New York | 110–133 | Jack Twyman (29) | 34–19 |
| 54 | January 31 | N Baltimore | 118–106 | Oscar Robertson (35) | 35–19 |
| 55 | February 2 | @ Boston | 119–117 (OT) | Oscar Robertson (48) | 36–19 |
| 56 | February 4 | Los Angeles | 100–118 | Jack Twyman (31) | 37–19 |
| 57 | February 7 | Philadelphia | 114–126 | Oscar Robertson (42) | 38–19 |
| 58 | February 8 | @ Baltimore | 109–105 | Oscar Robertson (30) | 39–19 |
| 59 | February 9 | Detroit | 107–135 | Oscar Robertson (31) | 40–19 |
| 60 | February 12 | N Detroit | 121–147 | Oscar Robertson (38) | 41–19 |
| 61 | February 14 | New York | 114–126 | Oscar Robertson (29) | 42–19 |
| 62 | February 15 | @ New York | 130–124 | Oscar Robertson (44) | 43–19 |
| 63 | February 16 | Philadelphia | 97–114 | Oscar Robertson (32) | 44–19 |
| 64 | February 17 | N San Francisco | 113–129 | Oscar Robertson (45) | 45–19 |
| 65 | February 19 | San Francisco | 108–101 | Oscar Robertson (29) | 45–20 |
| 66 | February 21 | @ San Francisco | 101–93 | Oscar Robertson (32) | 46–20 |
| 67 | February 22 | @ Los Angeles | 107–105 | Oscar Robertson (32) | 47–20 |
| 68 | February 25 | @ San Francisco | 108–117 | Oscar Robertson (26) | 47–21 |
| 69 | February 26 | @ Los Angeles | 97–103 | Oscar Robertson (32) | 47–22 |
| 70 | February 28 | N Philadelphia | 132–134 | Jack Twyman (36) | 48–22 |
| 71 | February 29 | @ Philadelphia | 117–114 | Oscar Robertson (43) | 49–22 |
| 72 | March 1 | @ Baltimore | 122–111 | Oscar Robertson (35) | 50–22 |
| 73 | March 3 | @ New York | 117–108 | Oscar Robertson (33) | 51–22 |
| 74 | March 4 | @ Boston | 108–112 | Oscar Robertson (34) | 51–23 |
| 75 | March 5 | Boston | 101–111 | Oscar Robertson (27) | 52–23 |
| 76 | March 7 | Baltimore | 101–104 | Oscar Robertson (30) | 53–23 |
| 77 | March 10 | @ Detroit | 103–114 | Oscar Robertson (33) | 53–24 |
| 78 | March 12 | Philadelphia | 111–128 | Oscar Robertson (28) | 54–24 |
| 79 | March 14 | @ St. Louis | 110–118 | Oscar Robertson (48) | 54–25 |
| 80 | March 15 | St. Louis | 101–124 | Oscar Robertson (25) | 55–25 |

The Royals consistently posted winning marks over the full season for each month of play. Oct 5–3, Nov 10–6, Dec 9–4, Jan 11–6, Feb 14–3, March 6–3, plus a 4–6 record in the playoffs. Four of the five Boston playoff games took place in April.

## Playoffs

| 1964 playoff game log |
| --- |
|
| Division semifinals: 3–2 (home: 3–0; road: 0–2)    Game Date Team Score High points High rebounds High assists Location
Attendance Series  1 March 22 Philadelphia W 127–102 Oscar Robertson (31) Jerry Lucas (25) Oscar Robertson (16) Cincinnati Gardens
6,238 1–0  2 March 24 @ Philadelphia L 114–122 Oscar Robertson (30) Wayne Embry (11) three players tied (5) Municipal Auditorium
4,510 1–1  3 March 25 Philadelphia W 101–89 Oscar Robertson (28) Jack Twyman (21)  Cincinnati Gardens
7,171 2–1  4 March 28 @ Philadelphia L 120–129 Oscar Robertson (31) Oscar Robertson (14) Arlen Bockhorn (7) Municipal Auditorium
4,255 2–2  5 March 29 Philadelphia W 130–124 Oscar Robertson (32) Wayne Embry (17)  Cincinnati Gardens
7,913 3–2 |
| Division finals: 1–4 (home: 1–1; road: 0–3)    Game Date Team Score High points High rebounds High assists Location
Attendance Series  1 March 31 @ Boston L 87–103 Wayne Embry (21) Wayne Embry (16) Robertson, Arnette (3) Boston Garden
13,909 0–1  2 April 2 @ Boston L 90–101 Oscar Robertson (30) Oscar Robertson (12) Oscar Robertson (9) Boston Garden
13,909 0–2  3 April 5 Boston L 92–102 Oscar Robertson (34) Jerry Lucas (24)  Cincinnati Gardens
11,850 0–3  4 April 7 Boston W 102–93 Oscar Robertson (33) Jerry Lucas (25) Jerry Lucas (10) Cincinnati Gardens 1–3  5 April 9 @ Boston L 95–109 Oscar Robertson (24) Wayne Embry (10) Oscar Robertson (6) Boston Garden
13,909 1–4 |
| 1964 schedule | |

## Player statistics

Legend
| GP | Games played | GS | Games started | MPG | Minutes per game |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| FG% | Field-goal percentage | 3P% | 3-point field-goal percentage | FT% | Free-throw percentage |
| RPG | Rebounds per game | APG | Assists per game | SPG | Steals per game |
| BPG | Blocks per game | PPG | Points per game |  |  |

### Regular season

Robertson led the NBA in assists and was second in scoring. He also led the NBA in free throws made and free throw percentage. Lucas led the NBA in field goal percentage, and was third in rebounding.

| Player | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3FG% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Jay Arnette | 48 |  | 10.4 | 36.2 |  | 77.8 | 1.1 | 1.5 |  |  | 3.8 |
| Arlen Bockhorn | 70 |  | 23.9 | 41.2 |  | 76.2 | 2.9 | 2.5 |  |  | 8.3 |
| Bob Boozer | 32 |  | 22.7 | 41.6 |  | 62.2 | 5.6 | 1.0 |  |  | 11.0 |
| Wayne Embry | 80 |  | 36.4 | 45.8 |  | 65.0 | 11.6 | 1.4 |  |  | 17.3 |
| Tom Hawkins | 73 |  | 24.2 | 44.1 |  | 60.1 | 6.0 | 1.0 |  |  | 8.6 |
| Jerry Lucas | 79 |  | 41.4 | 52.7 |  | 77.9 | 17.4 | 2.6 |  |  | 17.7 |
| Bud Olsen | 49 |  | 10.5 | 40.5 |  | 56.1 | 3.0 | 0.6 |  |  | 4.1 |
| Oscar Robertson | 79 |  | 45.1 | 48.3 |  | 85.3 | 9.9 | 11.0 |  |  | 31.4 |
| Adrian Smith | 66 |  | 23.1 | 40.6 |  | 78.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 |  |  | 9.4 |
| Larry Staverman | 34 |  | 9.4 | 41.4 |  | 83.0 | 2.8 | 0.5 |  |  | 4.0 |
| Tom Thacker | 48 |  | 9.5 | 29.3 |  | 49.1 | 2.4 | 1.1 |  |  | 2.8 |
| Jack Twyman | 68 |  | 29.4 | 45.0 |  | 82.9 | 5.4 | 2.0 |  |  | 15.9 |

### Playoffs

| Player | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3FG% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Jay Arnette | 8 |  | 9.9 | 35.5 |  | 87.5 | 1.3 | 1.1 |  |  | 3.6 |
| Arlen Bockhorn | 10 |  | 30.1 | 38.0 |  | 75.0 | 3.9 | 3.9 |  |  | 9.7 |
| Wayne Embry | 10 |  | 36.3 | 38.1 |  | 62.2 | 12.4 | 2.1 |  |  | 13.4 |
| Tom Hawkins | 10 |  | 27.3 | 44.3 |  | 68.2 | 9.3 | 1.1 |  |  | 10.1 |
| Jerry Lucas | 10 |  | 37.0 | 39.0 |  | 70.3 | 12.5 | 3.4 |  |  | 12.2 |
| Bud Olsen | 2 |  | 5.0 | 50.0 |  |  | 2.0 | 0.5 |  |  | 3.0 |
| Oscar Robertson | 10 |  | 47.1 | 45.5 |  | 85.8 | 8.9 | 8.4 |  |  | 29.3 |
| Adrian Smith | 7 |  | 9.4 | 30.8 |  | 71.4 | 1.3 | 0.6 |  |  | 3.0 |
| Larry Staverman | 7 |  | 10.0 | 47.8 |  | 78.9 | 3.7 | 0.7 |  |  | 5.3 |
| Tom Thacker | 6 |  | 7.2 | 26.1 |  | 25.0 | 2.2 | 0.5 |  |  | 2.2 |
| Jack Twyman | 10 |  | 35.4 | 47.2 |  | 79.6 | 8.7 | 1.6 |  |  | 20.5 |

## Awards and honors

* Jerry Lucas: NBA Rookie of the Year, Second Team All-NBA, NBA All-Star
* Oscar Robertson: NBA Most Valuable Player, First Team All-NBA, MVP of the 1964 NBA All-Star Game.
* Wayne Embry: NBA All-Star

## InfoBox

| 1963–64 Cincinnati Royals season | |
| --- | --- |
| Head coach | Jack McMahon |
| Owners | Louis Jacobs |
| Arena | Cincinnati Gardens |
| Results | |
| Record | 5525 (.688) |
| Place | Division: 2nd (Eastern) |
| Playoff finish | Division finals
(lost to Celtics 1–4) |
| ---  Stats at **Basketball-Reference.com** | |
| Local media | |
| Television | WKRC-TV |
| Radio | WLW |
|


abstract: This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Nicaragua.

text:
# Postage stamps and postal history of Nicaragua

This is a survey of the **postage stamps and postal history of Nicaragua**.

## First stamps

Nicaragua gained independence from Spain in 1821. It has produced its own stamps since 1862.

Collectors of the stamps and covers of Nicaragua join the Nicaragua Study Group. Search the web to find the group.

## Further reading

* Birks, Michael. *The Revenues, Seals and Cinderellas of Nicaragua*. Flixton, Urmston, Manchester: M.P. Birks, 1998 28p.
* Maxwell, Clyde R. *Bibliography of Nicaraguan Philately*. Irvine, CA.: C.R. Maxwell, 1992 16p.
* Maxwell, Clyde R. *Nicaragua to 1940: A Philatelic Handbook*. Irvine, CA.: C.R. Maxwell, 1992 209p.
* Nicaragua Study Group. *Nicarao*. State College PA.: Nicaragua Study Group, 1990- (Quarterly journal).


title: Von Hügel Institute

abstract: The Von Hügel Institute (VHI) is an academic research institute based at St Edmund's College, Cambridge, a constituent part of the University of Cambridge in England. Founded in 1987, it is named after Anatole von Hügel (1854–1928), naturalist and co-founder of St Edmund's College. It was established, according to the College's Ordinances, to 'preserve and develop the Roman Catholic tradition of the College' by carrying out research on Catholic Social Teaching, on the relationship between Christianity and society, and on issues of social justice. The institute has been directed by Rev Chris Moss SJ, the Rev Frank McHugh, Rev Frank Carey WF, Professor David Bridges, Rev David Clark, Professor John Loughlin and Dr Philip McCosker. Professor Mary McAleese, former President of Ireland and Honorary Fellow of St Edmund's is a Patron of the VHI, alongside Professor Rowan Williams, Rt Rev Alan Hopes, and the Countess of St Andrews.

text:
# Von Hügel Institute

The **Von Hügel Institute** (VHI) is an academic research institute based at St Edmund's College, Cambridge, a constituent part of the University of Cambridge in England.

Founded in 1987, it is named after Anatole von Hügel (1854–1928), naturalist and co-founder (with the Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk) of St Edmund's College. It was established, according to the College's Ordinances, to 'preserve and develop the Roman Catholic tradition of the College' by carrying out research on Catholic Social Teaching, on the relationship between Christianity and society, and on issues of social justice.

The institute has been directed by Rev Chris Moss SJ, the Rev Frank McHugh, Rev Frank Carey WF, Professor David Bridges, Rev David Clark, Professor John Loughlin and Dr Philip McCosker.

Professor Mary McAleese, former President of Ireland and Honorary Fellow of St Edmund's is a Patron of the VHI, alongside Professor Rowan Williams, Rt Rev Alan Hopes, and the Countess of St Andrews (Dr Sylvana Tomaselli).

## Director

Since January 2020, the Director is Dr Vittorio Montemaggi. who contributed to the programme *Dante 2021* on BBC Radio 4 guiding host Katya Adler through the third and final section of the epic poem, the *Paradiso*.

## Projects

In recent years, the VHI has carried out projects on: the relationship between Catholic Social Teaching and the UK Government's 'Big Society' programme; on religious freedom in domestic and international politics; on Intellectual Property questions in the light of Catholic Social Teaching; on illegal trafficking in human organs; and on applying the sustainability and capabilities concepts of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum.

## Other activities

The VHI runs public lectures including the Von Hügel Lecture (delivered in 2012/13 by Professor Stanley Hauerwas, in 2013/14 by the former Irish President Professor Mary McAleese, 2014/15 by Professor Joseph H. H. Weiler, and in 2015/16 by Professor Denys Turner); the Lattey Lecture which examines the links between Catholic Biblical Studies and Catholic Social Teaching (delivered in 2012 by Archbishop Bernard Longley of the Archdiocese of Birmingham, UK and in 2013 by Rev Timothy Radcliffe OP, former Master of the Dominican Order). The theme for 2012-13 lecture series was "Multidisciplinary Perspectives on the Human Person", in 2013-14, "Faith and Governance", in 2014-15, "Ethics and Public Life", and 2015–16, "Mercy".

Official website

52°12′46″N 0°06′33″E / 52.2129°N 0.1092°E / 52.2129; 0.1092


title: Magical Mystery "Mari"

abstract: Magical Mystery "Mari": Mari Hamada Live '85 is a live album by Japanese singer/songwriter Mari Hamada. Recorded live at the Nakano Sunplaza and Osaka Kōsei Nenkin Kaikan, the album was released on July 2, 1985, by Invitation. The album was last reissued on October 22, 2008.

text:
# Magical Mystery "Mari"

***Magical Mystery "Mari": Mari Hamada Live '85*** (MAGICAL MYSTERY "MARI" 浜田麻里 LIVE '85) is a live album by Japanese singer/songwriter Mari Hamada. Recorded live at the Nakano Sunplaza and Osaka Kōsei Nenkin Kaikan, the album was released on July 2, 1985, by Invitation. The album was last reissued on October 22, 2008.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "SE: Rainbow Dream ~ All Night Party" |  | * Hamada * Munetaka Higuchi Project Team | 7:30 |
| 2. | "The Moment of Truth" |  | * Lambert * Beckett * Conti | 4:23 |
| 3. | "Misty Lady" | Hamada | Hamada | 4:45 |
| 4. | "Free Way ~ Last Scene" | Hamada | * Hamada * Hiroaki Matsuzawa | 8:42 |
| 5. | "Tokio Makin' Love" | Munetaka Higuchi Project Team | Munetaka Higuchi Project Team | 4:29 |
| 6. | "Runaway from Yesterday" | Munetaka Higuchi Project Team | Munetaka Higuchi Project Team | 6:20 |
| 7. | "Paradise" | Hamada | Hiroyuki Ohtsuki | 4:33 |
| 8. | "Don't Change Your Mind ~ SE: So Long" | Munetaka Higuchi Project Team | Munetaka Higuchi Project Team | 6:04 |

## Video album

| Magical Mystery "Mari" | |
| --- | --- |
| Video by Mari Hamada | |
| Released | June 21, 1985 (1985-06-21) |
| Genre |  |
| Language | Japanese |
| Label | Invitation |
| Mari Hamada chronology | |
| *Misty Lady*
(1984) ***Magical Mystery "Mari"***
(1985) *Blue Revolution Tour: Mari Hamada Live*
(1985) | |

The video album for *Magical Mystery "Mari"* was released on VHS and LaserDisc formats on June 21, 1985. It was reissued on DVD by Victor Entertainment under the Speedstar label on January 21, 2005. The video was released on Blu-ray on February 7, 2024 as part of Hamada's 40th anniversary.

### Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "All Night Party" |  |
| 2. | "The Moment of Truth ~ SE: Rainbow Dream" |  |
| 3. | "Misty Lady" |  |
| 4. | "From Long Ago" |  |
| 5. | "Spacer" |  |
| 6. | "Last Scene" |  |
| 7. | "Xanadu" |  |
| 8. | "Tokio Makin' Love" |  |
| 9. | "Runaway from Yesterday" |  |
| 10. | "Don't Change Your Mind ~ SE: So Long" |  |
| 11. | "Free Way" |  |

## InfoBox

| Magical Mystery "Mari" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Mari Hamada | |
| Released | July 2, 1985 (1985-07-02) |
| Venue |  |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 46:47 |
| Language | * Japanese * English |
| Label | Invitation |
| Mari Hamada chronology | |
| *Rainbow Dream*
(1985) ***Magical Mystery "Mari"***
(1985) *Blue Revolution*
(1985) | |


title: Monica Ulmanu

abstract: Monica Ulmanu is a Romanian journalist and graphics editor. She has worked as a graphics editor for The Washington Post since 2018, where she has specialised in working on climate and health-related topics. She graduated from the University of Bucharest, and then received a Fulbright award in 2008. She completed her studies with a master's degree in visual communication at the Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She has also worked as a visual journalist for other media outlets such as The Guardian, Reuters, The Boston Globe, and The New York Times. In 2020 she was part of the team who won a Pulitzer prize for the "2C: Beyond the Limit", covering the risk of temperature increase in planet earth. She has also won other design awards, such as the Malofiej Infographics Awards and the European Digital Media Awards, among others.

text:
# Monica Ulmanu

**Monica Ulmanu** is a Romanian journalist and graphics editor. She has worked as a graphics editor for *The Washington Post* since 2018, where she has specialised in working on climate and health-related topics.

She graduated from the University of Bucharest, and then received a Fulbright award in 2008. She completed her studies with a master's degree in visual communication at the Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She has also worked as a visual journalist for other media outlets such as *The Guardian*, *Reuters*, *The* *Boston Globe*, and *The New York Times*.

In 2020 she was part of the team who won a Pulitzer prize for the *"2C: Beyond the Limit"*, covering the risk of temperature increase in planet earth. She has also won other design awards, such as the Malofiej Infographics Awards and the European Digital Media Awards, among others.


title: Monstera gigas

abstract: Monstera gigas is a species of flowering plants in the genus Monstera, of the arum family, Araceae.

text:
# Monstera gigas

***Monstera gigas*** is a species of flowering plants in the genus *Monstera*, of the arum family, Araceae.

## Distribution

It is native to Panamá.

## InfoBox

| *Monstera gigas* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Alismatales |
| Family: | Araceae |
| Genus: | *Monstera* |
| Species: | ***M. gigas*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Monstera gigas***<br>Croat, Zuluaga, M.Cedeño & O.Ortiz | |
|


title: Monsieur Minimal

abstract: Christos Tsitroudis, stage name Monsieur Minimal is a Greek indie pop music composer and interpreter as well as a guitar player. He first became known with his singles “Silk” and “Love is a circle” which he performed in 2007 during the Coca-Cola Sound Wave Festival. He has since edited three albums.

text:
# Monsieur Minimal

**Christos Tsitroudis** (Greek: Χρήστος Τσιτρούδης), stage name **Monsieur Minimal** is a Greek indie pop music composer and interpreter as well as a guitar player. He first became known with his singles “Silk” and “Love is a circle” which he performed in 2007 during the Coca-Cola Sound Wave Festival. He has since edited three albums.

## Early life

Monsieur Minimal was born in Northern Greece in 1980. He has since lived in several parts of Greece. He has been living in Athens since 2009. He grew hearing and playing music with several adolescent bands. After high school he studied and graduated from the Department of Electrical Engineering of Kavala's Institute of Technology. He entered music for good when he started studying music technology and production at the music school of Salonica under the guidance of Demetrius Adam. He has been writing music as Monsieur Minimal since 2007.

## Career

His first public appearance was in 2007. He was one of the most successful competitors of the Coca-Cola Sound Wave Festival, with his songs *Silk* and *Love Is A Circle*. His first official release was in the City Campers compilation (The Sound Of Everything) in 2008.

### First Album

Monsieur Minimal's debut album, titled ’’Lollipop’’, was released in 2008 by The Sound Of Everything Records and received impressive reviews from press and radio, while it soon became a best seller of the Greek indie scene. His music, defined mainly as indie pop but with a lot of electronic influences and elements, expressed through simple, beautiful melodies and sweet pop vocals, made this album a hit across a wide range of radio stations in Greece. Following the hype from his album, Status magazine, one of the most popular male magazines in Greece, included him in its annual contest as a candidate in the category “face of the year 2009”. After the massive exposure he gets from most of the Greek Radio and TV stations, the first international breakthrough comes thanks to a TV ad! “Smile” one of the most popular singles of the album, is selected by Safeway, the third largest supermarket chainstores in USA and Canada for their official TV campaign. The album gets the attention of international music blogs and soon tracks from the album “travel” to France, Germany, Italy while “Love Story” becomes a massive radio hit in Turkey. Citroen also used the song “Smile” for their TV campaign in Greece.

### Second Album

Following the success of the debut album and the unprecedented hype he receives from the Greek media as a new talent, the National Greek Tourism Organization selects the track “Lollipop” for their international campaign consisting of 12 promotional videos in several languages. In 2010 Monsieur Minimal records his second album, titled “Pasta Flora” in Greek. His music preserves the same successful ingredients and the lyrics convey the same meaning: Love! Dimitra Galani, one of the greatest female singers of Greece with a career spanning more than 30 years in the music industry, sings one of the album songs titled “Mia Zoi”. The album becomes an instant success in Greece and Monsieur Minimal now enjoys popularity from a much wider audience in his home country, while receiving a daily airplay for the biggest music radio stations of Greece.

### Third Album

2012 finds Monsieur Minimal writing new songs for his third album “Minimal to Maximal”, which is in English again, just like his debut album Lollipop. The first small but intriguing taste of the musical puzzle of the third album, came with the "Digital Love EP" (released in May 2012), including four new and previously unreleased tracks, including the hit single "Bitter" (Bitter Official Video) in collaboration with Hiras . Minimal to Maximal includes 16 tracks in total, featuring all 4 tracks of the “Digital Love EP”, and divided in two parts. The first part (Minimal) contains 8 tracks with melodic and uptempo pop music blended with electronic elements but also new wave and rock influences from the 80s and 90s. The second part (Maximal) contains 7 tracks and 1 remix by Harri Agnel, is darker and maximized in duration, composition and arrangement, including elements form trip hop, minimal house, orchestral pop-rock, post-electronica, and many more influences from today's trends.

## Discography

### Albums

* *Lollipop* (2008), The Sound Of Everything Records
* *Pasta Flora* (πάστα Φλώρα, 2010), The Sound Of Everything Records
* *Minimal to Maximal* (2012), The Sound Of Everything Records/Universal
* *High Times* (2015), Mo.Mi. Records
* *Erotica* (2017), Mo.Mi. Records
* *Easteria* (2020), Mo.Mi. Records

## InfoBox

| Monsieur Minimal | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Christos Tsitroudis |
| Born | (1980-10-24)October 24, 1980<br>Giannitsa, Greece |
| Genres | Indie pop, electronica |
| Occupation(s) | Musician, composer, songwriter, singer, guitar player |


title: Monmouth, Maine

abstract: Monmouth is a town in Kennebec County, Maine, United States. Monmouth is included in the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine metropolitan New England city and town area. The population was 4,066 at the 2022 census.

text:
# Monmouth, Maine

**Monmouth** is a town in Kennebec County, Maine, United States. Monmouth is included in the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine metropolitan New England city and town area. The population was 4,066 at the 2022 census.

## History

Part of the Plymouth Patent, it was first settled as Freetown in the 1700 by families from Brunswick. It would also be called Bloomingborough and Wales before being incorporated by the Massachusetts General Court on January 20, 1792, as Monmouth, after Monmouth, New Jersey. The name was suggested by landowner General Henry Dearborn, who had fought in the Battle of Monmouth on June 28, 1778.

Monmouth was considered one of the best agricultural towns in the state, producing hay, apples and potatoes, in addition to beef cattle and dairy products. It also had excellent sites for watermills. By 1859, when the population was 1,925, it had two factories for making boot-webbing and binding, a shovel and hoe factory, a tannery, a machine shops, some mechanic shops, some wood turning shops, a sleigh and carriage factory, some boot and shoe shops, a carpet factory, and a sash, blind and door factory. In 1849, the Androscaggin & Kennebec Railroad (later part of the Maine Central Railroad) opened to the town.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 39.04 square miles (101.11 km2), of which 34.03 square miles (88.14 km2) is land and 5.01 square miles (12.98 km2) is water. Monmouth is drained by Jug Stream, Jock Stream, Mud Mills Stream and Wilson Stream, Monmouth has access to Lakes Cobbosseecontee, Annabessacook, and Cochnewagon.

The town is crossed by U.S. Route 202 and state routes 126, 132 and 135.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1800 | 701 |  |  |
| 1810 | 1,262 |  | 80.0% |
| 1820 | 1,590 |  | 26.0% |
| 1830 | 1,879 |  | 18.2% |
| 1840 | 1,882 |  | 0.2% |
| 1850 | 1,925 |  | 2.3% |
| 1860 | 1,854 |  | −3.7% |
| 1870 | 1,744 |  | −5.9% |
| 1880 | 1,520 |  | −12.8% |
| 1890 | 1,362 |  | −10.4% |
| 1900 | 1,236 |  | −9.3% |
| 1910 | 1,386 |  | 12.1% |
| 1920 | 1,372 |  | −1.0% |
| 1930 | 1,344 |  | −2.0% |
| 1940 | 1,500 |  | 11.6% |
| 1950 | 1,683 |  | 12.2% |
| 1960 | 1,884 |  | 11.9% |
| 1970 | 2,062 |  | 9.4% |
| 1980 | 2,888 |  | 40.1% |
| 1990 | 3,353 |  | 16.1% |
| 2000 | 3,785 |  | 12.9% |
| 2010 | 4,104 |  | 8.4% |
| 2020 | 4,066 |  | −0.9% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 4,104 people, 1,577 households, and 1,174 families living in the town. The population density was 120.6 inhabitants per square mile (46.6/km2). There were 2,021 housing units at an average density of 59.4 per square mile (22.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.9% White, 0.3% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.2% of the population.

There were 1,577 households, of which 34.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.8% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 25.6% were non-families. 17.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 2.93.

The median age in the town was 42 years. 23.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.4% were from 25 to 44; 33.7% were from 45 to 64; and 11.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48.69% male and 51.41% female.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 3,785 people, 1,435 households, and 1,077 families living in the town. The population density was 111.0 inhabitants per square mile (42.9/km2). There were 1,801 housing units at an average density of 52.8 per square mile (20.4/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 100.00% White, 0.20% African American, 0.42% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.03% from other races, and 0.58% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.69% of the population.

There were 1,435 households, out of which 39.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.0% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.9% were non-families. 20.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.6% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 31.7% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $4,300,906, and the median income for a family was $47,616. Males had a median income of $3,002,034 versus $2,002,885 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,551. About 10% of families and 10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13% of those under age 18 and 20% of those age 60 or over.

## Divisions

## Points of interest

* Cumston Hall, location of the Theater at Monmouth. Cumston Hall was donated in 1900.

## Notable people

44°14′19″N 70°02′08″W / 44.23861°N 70.03556°W / 44.23861; -70.03556

## InfoBox

| Monmouth, Maine | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Cumston Hall | |
| Motto(s): "A Better Place to Live and Work" | |
| Location in Kennebec County and the state of Maine. | |
| Coordinates: 44°14′21″N 70°0′43″W / 44.23917°N 70.01194°W / 44.23917; -70.01194 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Maine |
| County | Kennebec |
| Incorporated | 1792 |
| Villages | Monmouth
East Monmouth
North Monmouth
South Monmouth
Tacoma |
| Area | |
| Total | 39.04 sq mi (101.11 km2) |
| Land | 34.03 sq mi (88.14 km2) |
| Water | 5.01 sq mi (12.98 km2) |
| Elevation | 262 ft (80 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 4,066 |
| Density | 119.5/sq mi (46.13/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 04259 (Monmouth), 04265 (N. Monmouth) |
| Area code | 207 |
| FIPS code | 23-46405 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0582601 |
| Website | Town of Monmouth, Maine |


title: Monsignor Edward Pace High School

abstract: Monsignor Edward Pace High School is a Catholic secondary school in the Opa-locka North neighborhood of Miami Gardens, Florida. It was named a Blue Ribbon School in 2002 and one of the top 50 Catholic high schools in the country in 2004 and 2005 by the Catholic High School Honor Roll. Pace is a member of the National Catholic Educational Association (NCEA). This school is part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Miami.

text:
# Monsignor Edward Pace High School

**Monsignor Edward Pace High School** is a Catholic secondary school in the Opa-locka North neighborhood of Miami Gardens, Florida. It was named a Blue Ribbon School in 2002 and one of the top 50 Catholic high schools in the country in 2004 and 2005 by the Catholic High School Honor Roll. Pace is a member of the National Catholic Educational Association (NCEA). This school is part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Miami.

## History

Named for Edward A. Pace, the first native-born Floridian to become a diocesan priest, the first all-male, freshmen and sophomore classes commenced in September 1961 in the old parish hall of Our Lady of Perpetual Help on NW 28th Avenue in Opa-Locka. The school was under the direction of Marist Brothers from Cuba and New York. Classes moved to buildings at the school's present site in October 1961. All-female classes were added the next year under the direction of the women of the Teresian Association. The original mascot was the Lion, and the colors were green and white, but students voted in the third year to change the mascot to the Spartan, and the colors to scarlet and gold. The first class of 32 graduated in 1964 at the present day Jackie Gleason Auditorium. Pace's first graduating class created the first newspaper, called the Kerygma ("The Proclamation") as well as the first Torch yearbook, which acquired its name from president John F. Kennedy's inauguration speech, in which he referred to passing the "torch" to the next generation. Pace's school seal was also designed that year to be engraved on the class rings, and the school's motto was chosen.

It was in the 1964–1965 school year that the tradition of "Freshmen Orientation," began in which seniors welcome freshmen, in a tradition that continues. The first co-institutional class graduated in 1966, the same year in which the school's Gratia et Veritas, was composed. Just one year later, the first football team was formed and the school celebrated its first football Homecoming Week, after having had several Spirit Weeks for the basketball team. By 1969, the school had seven buildings, including five academic buildings, a field house, and an on-campus residence for the Teresian Association, which switched homes with the Marist brothers just three years later for a home they felt better suited their lifestyle. The first state championship was won in 1971 by the Cross Country team, in time for a banner to be hung in the new gymnasium, constructed in that school year, along with the adjoining cafeteria. By the 1974-1975 year, after several years of gender-mixing in classes such as math and science, the school became officially co-educational. The first senior trip to Canada took place four years later in February 1979, becoming a tradition for every senior class after it. In Homecoming of 1979, the first King was chosen by the student body, and the Powderpuff game in which boys cheered and girls played flag football, was introduced five years later.

Pace celebrated its 25th anniversary in the 1985–86 school year, and the 25th senior class graduated in 1988. Tons of Love, an annual fall food drive, began in 1987, the first year of the L.I.F.E. (Living In Faith Experience) youth group, a key component of the Campus Ministry Program. In the early 1990s, Pace underwent facility improvements, such as outdoor lockers, school-wide air conditioning, and renovated science labs. The gym was renovated in 1997 and renamed for Brother Felix Anthony, a Marist brother who served as a teacher and basketball coach from 1965-88. Pace's cafetorium, the Spartan Center, was completed in that same year after three years of construction, and the newest classroom building (500) was finished in 1999. In 2002, the school was named a Blue Ribbon School of Excellence at the end of its 40th year, and the 40th class graduated in 2003. The school was named one of the Top 50 Catholic High Schools in this period and received an award for Catholic Identity in 2004. After outgrowing the "old chapel" in the school's first building, a new building, the Dantee Navarro Religious Education Center, was completed in 2008 and holds 500 people, although masses are still held in the gymnasium. It was in that same year that Pace was named the first official "green school" in South Florida by instituting a recycling program and initiating changes across campus, from lighting to landscaping. Pace celebrated its 50th anniversary in the 2011–2012 school year, and its 50th class graduated in 2013. Archbishop Curley-Notre Dame High School merged into Edward Pace at the start of the 2017–2018 academic year.

## Area

It was in the Opa-locka North census-designated place before Miami Gardens incorporated as a city.

## Extracurricular activities

### Athletics

Monsignor Pace belongs to the Florida High School Athletic Association and fields teams in baseball, basketball, cross country, flag football, football, golf, soccer, softball, swimming, tennis, track and field, volleyball, wrestling, and cheerleading. Recent state championships include the 2006 class 4A baseball and 2007, and 2008 class 4A boys' basketball titles. Pace has a long-standing athletic rivalry with Belen Jesuit and Key West High School.

**FHSAA State Championships**

**Baseball:** 1978, 1980, 1981, 1985, 1988, 2006, 2018

**Boys Basketball:** 1996, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2008

**Girls Basketball:** 2002, 2003, 2005

**Wrestling:** 2000, 2016

**Football:** 2003

**Girls Volleyball:** 1974

**Boys Cross Country:** 1971

**Boys Track and Field:** 2009

### Activities

## Notable alumni

## Notable faculty

* Bill O'Reilly, broadcaster and political commentator, former History teacher at MEPHS

## InfoBox

| Monsignor Edward Pace High School | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 15600 Northwest 32nd Avenue
Miami Gardens, (Dade County), Florida 33054
United States | |
| Coordinates | 25°54′57″N 80°15′10″W / 25.91583°N 80.25278°W / 25.91583; -80.25278 |
| Information | |
| Type | Private, Coeducational |
| Motto | Gratia Et Veritas
(Grace and Truth) |
| Religious affiliation(s) | Roman Catholic, Marist Brothers |
| Established | 5 September 1961 (1961-09-05) |
| School district | Archdiocese of Miami Department of Schools |
| Dean | Lillian Dubon, Melanie Otero, Dr. Ramon Rodriguez, Valerie Lloyd, Anthony Walker |
| Principal | Ana Garcia |
| Teaching staff | 52 (69% hold Masters/Doctorate degrees) |
| Grades | 12 |
| Number of students | 900 |
| Hours in school day | 6 |
| Campus size | 44 acres (18 ha) |
| Color(s) | Scarlet and Gold |
| Slogan | "We Are PACE: Partners, Academics, Catholic, Empowerment |
| Song | Gratia Et Veritas |
| Athletics | Track and Field, Football, Basketball, Soccer, Flag Football, Swimming, Wrestling, Baseball, Cross Country, Tennis, Volleyball |
| Mascot | Eddy the Spartan |
| Team name | Spartans |
| Accreditation | Southern Association of Colleges and Schools |
| Yearbook | *Torch* |
| Tuition | 13,000 |
| Alumni | 11,000 |
| Website | www.pacehs.com |


abstract: The Monument to the Polish Underground State and Home Army is located on Wiejska Street at the intersection with Jana Matejki Street opposite the Sejm, the Polish parliament.

text:
# Monument to the Polish Underground State and Home Army

The **Monument to the Polish Underground State and Home Army** is located on Wiejska Street at the intersection with Jana Matejki Street opposite the Sejm, the Polish parliament.

## History

The Polish Underground State and Home Army were never given proper recognition in communist Poland because of the lack of independence and free public expression. After the fall of communism in Poland, the idea of building a worthy monument to the Home Army in Warsaw was established quickly in 1989.

The project for the monument was created as a result of two competitions announced by the Association of Polish Architects (Stowarzyszenie Architektów Polskich) in 1993 and 1997 at the request of the Committee of the Monument Building Mausoleum Army (Komitetu Budowy Pomnika Mauzoleum Armii Krajowej), which was established in 1990. After fundraising and choosing a location, the project was awarded to architect and graphic designer Jerzy Staniszkis.

The foundation stone was laid on August 2, 1994, and the unveiling took place on June 10, 1999. The ceremonial unveiling was made by the Speaker of the Sejm, Maciej Płażyński. The ceremony was preceded by Holy Mass celebrated by Polish Primate Cardinal Józef Glemp, and on June 11, the monument was dedicated by Pope John Paul II.

The monument is a place of celebration on the anniversary of the outbreak of the Warsaw Uprising and on Independence Day.

## Description

It is an abstract design which takes the form of an obelisk 32 meters high, which is topped with light gray Italian granite slabs. The memorial is made from Polish Strzegom granite. On it are placed the names of all the institutions and leaders of the Polish Underground.

## Interpretation

The monument is a tribute to all veterans of the Home Army and is a special gift of the Polish nation, which is a reminder of the ethos and the heroism of the people that made up the structure of the Polish Underground State and the need to incur the greatest sacrifices for the good of the country. "Monument (to the) Polish Underground State is a symbol of Polish statehood, the symbol of the Polish state from a time when it seemed that the Polish state was no longer" - said the then Speaker of Parliament during the celebration of the 66th anniversary of the Warsaw Uprising.

The location near the Parliament is supposed to symbolize the continuity of the Polish state whose most important institutions, despite the occupation, did not stop their activities for even one day. It also stresses the continuity of the ideals for which the Home Army fought.

Due to the fact that the monument is an abstract form, its interpretation may vary - a wing of a bird symbolizing eternal desired freedom, or the bastion of a fortress. The form of the monument was "derived from classical obelisk and, thanks to streamlined line architecture in this particular case is a traditional form of sculpture".

## InfoBox

Monument to the Polish Underground State and Home Army
| Pomnik Polskiego Państwa Podziemnego i Armii Krajowej | |
| --- | --- |
| View of the Monument to the Polish Underground State and Home Army from Jana Matejki Street | |
|  | |
| 52°13′30.5″N 21°01′35″E / 52.225139°N 21.02639°E / 52.225139; 21.02639 | |
| Location | Wiejska Street |
| Designer | Jerzy Staniszkis |
| Material | Polish granite |
| Height | 32 meters |
| Beginning date | August 2, 1994 |
| Opening date | June 10, 1999 |
| Dedicated to | The Polish Underground State and Home Army |


title: Monna Vanna (1922 film)

abstract: Monna Vanna is a 1922 German silent historical film directed by Richard Eichberg and starring Lee Parry, Paul Wegener, and Hans Stürm. The film is based on the play Monna Vanna by Maurice Maeterlinck which itself drew on story by the sixteenth century writer Niccolò Machiavelli. It was made at the Emelka Studios near Munich as part of a deal Eichberg had struck with Bavaria Film. Some filming also took place at the Johannisthal Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Willy Reiber, Jacek Rotmil and Kurt Richter.

text:
# Monna Vanna (1922 film)

***Monna Vanna*** is a 1922 German silent historical film directed by Richard Eichberg and starring Lee Parry, Paul Wegener, and Hans Stürm.

The film is based on the play *Monna Vanna* by Maurice Maeterlinck which itself drew on story by the sixteenth century writer Niccolò Machiavelli. It was made at the Emelka Studios near Munich as part of a deal Eichberg had struck with Bavaria Film. Some filming also took place at the Johannisthal Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Willy Reiber, Jacek Rotmil and Kurt Richter.

## Cast

## Bibliography

* Bock, Hans-Michael & Bergfelder, Tim. *The Concise CineGraph. Encyclopedia of German Cinema*. Berghahn Books, 2009.

## InfoBox

| Monna Vanna | |
| --- | --- |
| American advertisement | |
| Directed by | Richard Eichberg |
| Written by | Niccolò Machiavelli (story)
Maurice Maeterlinck (play)
Olga Alsen
Helmuth Orthmann |
| Starring | Lee Parry
Paul Wegener
Hans Stürm |
| Cinematography | Paul Adler
Erich Grimmler
Max Lutze
Franz Planer
Georg Schubert |
| Music by | Cancio Millán |
| Production
companies | Bavaria Film
Fox Film Corporation |
| Distributed by | Bavaria Film |
| Release date | * 21 December 1922 (1922-12-21) |
| Country | Germany |
| Languages | Silent
German intertitles |


title: Mordellina puncticeps

abstract: Mordellina puncticeps is a species of beetle in the genus Mordellina. It was described in 1968.

text:
# Mordellina puncticeps

***Mordellina puncticeps*** is a species of beetle in the genus *Mordellina*. It was described in 1968.

## InfoBox

| *Mordellina puncticeps* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Genus: | *Mordellina* |
| Species: | ***M. puncticeps*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordellina puncticeps***<br>Ermisch, 1968 | |
|


title: Montesclaros

abstract: Montesclaros is a municipality located in the province of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 406 inhabitants. It is known for its marble quarries.

text:
# Montesclaros

**Montesclaros** is a municipality located in the province of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 406 inhabitants.

It is known for its marble quarries.

## History

Prior to its settlement, the site of Montesclaros was a pasture called Anadinos in Higueruela de las Dueñas. Montesclaros was not populated until February 1491 when it acquired the title of Villa thanks to María de Luna, the daughter and rich heir of the Constable of Castile, Álvaro de Luna. María de Luna wanted to suppress the robberies and deaths that occurred in the nearby mountains. Fifteen residents of Navamorcuende were given the rights to relocate to Montesclaros.

## InfoBox

| Montesclaros | |
| --- | --- |
| municipality | |
| Main Square of Montesclaros | |
|  | |
| Coordinates: 40°06′N 4°56′W / 40.100°N 4.933°W / 40.100; -4.933 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Castile-La Mancha |
| Province | Toledo |
| Municipality | Montesclaros |
| Area | |
| Total | 21 km2 (8 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 558 m (1,831 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 408 |
| Density | 19/km2 (50/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Montenay

abstract: Montenay is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France.

text:
# Montenay

**Montenay** (French pronunciation: \[mɔ̃tnɛ\]) is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France.

## InfoBox

| Montenay | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The old town hall in Montenay | |
| Location of Montenay | |
| MontenayMontenay | |
| Coordinates: 48°17′21″N 0°53′29″W / 48.2892°N 0.8914°W / 48.2892; -0.8914 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Pays de la Loire |
| Department | Mayenne |
| Arrondissement | Mayenne |
| Canton | Ernée |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Gervais Hameau |
| Area**1** | 37.20 km2 (14.36 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 1,327 |
| Density | 36/km2 (92/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 53155 /53500 |
| Elevation | 94–208 m (308–682 ft)
(avg. 109 m or 358 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


abstract: Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts is the most important scientific institution of Montenegro.

text:
# Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts

**Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts** (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: Црногорска академија наука и умјетности, ЦАНУ; *Crnogorska akademija nauka i umjetnosti, CANU*) is the most important scientific institution of Montenegro.

## History

It was founded in 1973 as the Montenegrin Society for Science and Arts (Црногорско друштво за науку и умјетност, *Crnogorsko društvo za nauku i umjetnost*) and adopted its current name in 1976. It currently has 40 members (academicians) in three departments: natural sciences, humanities and arts.

The CANU has often been considered and described as a pro-Serbian institution in Montenegro, as the academy' posits the Serb ethnic origin of the Montenegrins. In opposition to this, a splinter group of intellectuals had formed the Doclean Academy of Sciences and Arts (DANU) in 1997, registered as a non-governmental organization, in an attempt to counter the official pro-Serbian academy.

Amid the constitutional reforms of 2007 CANU had resisted the standardization of the Montenegrin literary standard supporting the interpretation according to which Montenegrin is a "dialect" of the Serbian language. Some of CANU's prominent members have actively participated in the campaign against Montenegro's independence in the 2006 independence referendum. CANU president Momir Đurović had in 2007 maintained contacts with members of the pro-Serbian political opposition, and had visited the headquarters of the Serb People's Party and its leader Andrija Mandić during the negotiations on language-naming in the new constitution. The Academy has also criticized Montenegrin government's decision to recognize Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence.

However, in 2015 DANU was merged into CANU, as all of its active members were accepted into membership and DANU was consequently disbanded, with CANU remaining the sole official scientific institution in Montenegro.

## Presidents

List of presidents of the Montenegrin Academy of Arts and Sciences:

* Historian Branko Pavićević (born 1922) (1973–1981),
* Economist Branislav Šoškić (born 1922) (1981–1985),
* Economist Mirčeta Ðurović (born 1924) (1985–1989),
* Surgeon Dragutin Vukotić (born 1924) (1989–2001),
* Engineer Momir Ðurović (born 1941) (2002-2016)
* Jurist Dragan Vukčević (born 1958) (2016–present)

## Notable members

Notable historical, former and currently active members of the Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts (CANU):

* Doclean Academy of Sciences and Arts (DANU), a parallel scholars' academy in Montenegro, formed in 1998 by part of the Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts members, dissolved in 2015 with its membership rejoined CANU.

## InfoBox

Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts
|
|  |
| Abbreviation | CANU |
| Formation | 1973 |
| Type | National academy |
| Purpose | Science, arts, academics |
| Headquarters | Podgorica, Montenegro |
| Location |  |
| Membership | 31 full members <br>(as of May 2011) |
| President | Dragan Vukčević |
| Affiliations | ICSU |
| Website | www.canu.me |