title: Poured Lines

abstract: Poured Lines is a 2006 painting by the British painter Ian Davenport. It is the largest painting to be publicly displayed outdoors in the United Kingdom. It is situated under the rail bridge at the western end of Southwark Street in London SE1.

text:
# Poured Lines

***Poured Lines*** is a 2006 painting by the British painter Ian Davenport. It is the largest painting to be publicly displayed outdoors in the United Kingdom. It is situated under the rail bridge at the western end of Southwark Street in London SE1.

## Description

The painting is 48 x 3 metres (157 x 10 ft) and made from fluid enamel painted on 48 individual steel panels measuring 1 x 3 metres each. The work took two years to make including six months spent researching materials and three and a half months to apply the 300 different colours to the panels with syringes.

It is designed to withstand the elements of a busy London street including rain, pigeons and the threat of vandalism. The metal panels were manufactured in a factory in Germany and baked in a furnace.

The panels can be swung out from the wall like doors so the bridge can be inspected by rail engineers. The piece was funded by the property developers Land Securities and Southwark Council at a cost of £290,000.

## Reception

Writing in the Telegraph in 2006 upon the paintings unveiling, Serena Davies described the individual panels as "some bright, some pastel some frenetic, some calm" that produce a "wave-like effect across the trajectory of the painting".

Richard Thomas, a councillor for Southwark said at the unveiling of *Poured Lines* that it would help to "reinforce the emergence of Bankside as the leading cultural quarter of London" and foresaw people "walking past it every day will be able to see subtleties and colour and textures".

Media related to Ian Davenport at Wikimedia Commons 51°30′24.25″N 0°6′12.43″W / 51.5067361°N 0.1034528°W / 51.5067361; -0.1034528


title: Millhall

abstract: Millhall is a hamlet in East Renfrewshire, in the Central Lowlands of Scotland. It lies 0.8 miles (1.3 km) southeast of Eaglesham, 8.3 miles (13.4 km) northwest of Strathaven and 3.6 miles (5.8 km) southwest of East Kilbride. Polnoon Castle, a scheduled monument, is in Millhall.

text:
# Millhall

**Millhall** is a hamlet in East Renfrewshire, in the Central Lowlands of Scotland. It lies 0.8 miles (1.3 km) southeast of Eaglesham, 8.3 miles (13.4 km) northwest of Strathaven and 3.6 miles (5.8 km) southwest of East Kilbride.

Polnoon Castle, a scheduled monument, is in Millhall.

## History

Millhall is a small hamlet. The historic Polnoon Bridge is in the area, as well as an old mill and a few farms.

## Governance

Millhall is in East Renfrewshire, one of the 32 council areas of Scotland for local government purposes. East Renfrewshire Council, the unitary local council, is based in nearby Giffnock and is the body responsible for local governance. For local electoral purposes, Millhall is in the Eaglesham, Waterfoot and Newton Mearns South ward.

The Scottish Parliament is responsible for devolved matters such as education, health and justice, while reserved matters are dealt with by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Millhall forms part of the county constituency of East Renfrewshire, electing one member of parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Kirsten Oswald of the SNP was elected as MP for East Renfrewshire in the 2019 general election. Before the constituency's creation in 2005, Millhall was in the Eastwood Constituency. For the purposes of the Scottish Parliament, Millhall forms part of the Eastwood constituency, which is represented in the Scottish Government by Jackson Carlaw MSP, of the Conservative party.

## Geography

| Paisley |
| --- |
| Climate chart (explanation) |
|  |
| Imperial conversion  J F M A M J J A S O N D  5.8     44 35       4.1     45 35       4.4     49 37       2.5     55 41       2.7     61 45       2.6     65 50       2.9     67 54       3.6     67 53       4.4     62 49       5.6     55 44       5     49 39       5.3     44 35   Average max. and min. temperatures in °F  Precipitation totals in inches |

Millhall experiences a temperate maritime climate, like much of the British Isles, with relatively cool summers and mild winters. Regular but generally light precipitation occurs throughout the year.

Millhall within the post town of Glasgow in the G postcode area. Millhall is a part of postcode district G76, which also includes neighbouring settlements Clarkston, Busby, Carmunnock, Eaglesham and Waterfoot, and small parts of East Kilbride.

## Transport

The hamlet lies on the main road between Eaglesham, Auldhouse, and Strathaven. It is 0.8 miles from Eaglesham, and in Eaglesham there are bus services. The nearest railway station to Millhall is Hairmyres railway station. The buses from Eaglesham go to the railway station. The nearest motorway is the M77, of which Junction 4 at Newton Mearns and Junction 5, also at Newton Mearns are the main junctions for Millhall.

Millhall lies within the Strathclyde Partnership for Transport Passenger transport executive.

The nearest airport is Glasgow Airport, 11 miles (17.7 km) northwest of Millhall.

## Public services

Millhall forms part of the Western water and sewerage regions of Scotland. Waste management is provided by the East Renfrewshire local council. Water supplies are provided by Scottish Water, a government-owned corporation of the Scottish Government. Millhall's distribution network operator for electricity is Scottish Power. The NHS board is NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde. The Scottish Fire and Rescue Service is the statutory fire and rescue service and has a fire station based in nearby Clarkston.

Policing in Millhall is provided by Police Scotland. The Strathclyde Partnership for Transport, a public body in Scotland, has direct operational responsibilities. Transport Scotland manages the local rail network.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Millhall | |
| --- | --- |
| MillhallMillhallLocation within ScotlandMillhallMillhall (South Lanarkshire)MillhallMillhall (Scotland) | |
| Population | less than 50 |
| Edinburgh | 44 mi (71 km) ENE |
| London | 337 mi (542 km) SSE |
| Lieutenancy area |  |
| Country | Scotland |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | GLASGOW |
| Postcode district | G76 |
| Dialling code | 0141 |
|  | |
| Police | Scotland |
| Fire | Scottish |
| Ambulance | Scottish |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
| Scottish Parliament |  |
|


title: Prochirality

abstract: In stereochemistry, prochiral molecules are those that can be converted from achiral to chiral in a single step. An achiral species which can be converted to a chiral in two steps is called proprochiral. If two identical substituents are attached to an sp⁳-hybridized atom, the descriptors pro-R and pro-S are used to distinguish between the two. Promoting the pro-R substituent to higher priority than the other identical substituent results in an R chirality center at the original sp⁳-hybridized atom, and analogously for the pro-S substituent. A trigonal planar sp⁲-hybridized atom can be converted to a chiral center when a substituent is added to the re or si face of the molecule. A face is labeled re if, when looking at that face, the substituents at the trigonal atom are arranged in increasing Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority order in a clockwise order, and si if the priorities increase in anti-clockwise order; note that the designation of the resulting chiral center as S or R depends on the priority of the incoming group. The concept of prochirality is necessary for understanding some aspects of enzyme stereospecificity. Alexander Ogston pointed out that when a symmetrical molecule is placed in an asymmetric environment, such as the surface of an enzyme, supposedly identically placed groups become distinguishable. In this way he showed that earlier exclusion of non-chiral citrate as a possible intermediate in the tricarboxylate cycle was mistaken.

text:
# Prochirality

In stereochemistry, **prochiral** molecules are those that can be converted from achiral to chiral in a single step. An achiral species which can be converted to a chiral in two steps is called **proprochiral**.

If two identical substituents are attached to an sp3-hybridized atom, the descriptors *pro*-R and *pro*-S are used to distinguish between the two. Promoting the *pro*-R substituent to higher priority than the other identical substituent results in an *R* chirality center at the original sp3-hybridized atom, and analogously for the *pro*-S substituent.

A trigonal planar sp2-hybridized atom can be converted to a chiral center when a substituent is added to the *re* or *si* (from Latin  *rectus* 'right' and  *sinister* 'left') face of the molecule. A face is labeled *re* if, when looking at that face, the substituents at the trigonal atom are arranged in increasing Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority order (1 to 2 to 3) in a clockwise order, and *si* if the priorities increase in anti-clockwise order; note that the designation of the resulting chiral center as *S* or *R* depends on the priority of the incoming group.

The concept of prochirality is necessary for understanding some aspects of enzyme stereospecificity. Alexander Ogston pointed out that when a symmetrical molecule is placed in an asymmetric environment, such as the surface of an enzyme, supposedly identically placed groups become distinguishable. In this way he showed that earlier exclusion of non-chiral citrate as a possible intermediate in the tricarboxylate cycle was mistaken.


title: Nawala West Grama Niladhari Division

abstract: Nawala West Grama Niladhari Division is a Grama Niladhari Division of the Sri Jayawardanapura Kotte Divisional Secretariat of Colombo District of Western Province, Sri Lanka. It has Grama Niladhari Division Code 520. Nawala are located within, nearby or associated with Nawala West. Nawala West is a surrounded by the Koswatta, Nawala East, Narahenpita, Nugegoda West, Kirula, Gothamipura and Welikada North Grama Niladhari Divisions.

text:
# Nawala West Grama Niladhari Division

400m
440ydsNawala West

**Nawala West Grama Niladhari Division** is a Grama Niladhari Division of the Sri Jayawardanapura Kotte Divisional Secretariat of Colombo District of Western Province, Sri Lanka. It has Grama Niladhari Division Code 520.

Nawala are located within, nearby or associated with Nawala West.

Nawala West is a surrounded by the Koswatta, Nawala East, Narahenpita, Nugegoda West, Kirula, Gothamipura and Welikada North Grama Niladhari Divisions.

## Demographics

### Ethnicity

The Nawala West Grama Niladhari Division has a Sinhalese majority (87.7%). In comparison, the Sri Jayawardanapura Kotte Divisional Secretariat (which contains the Nawala West Grama Niladhari Division) has a Sinhalese majority (84.8%)

Ethnicity in Nawala West

Sinhalese (87.7%)  Sri Lankan Tamil (5.4%)  Moor (2.3%)  Indian Tamil (1.7%)  Other (1.6%)  Burgher (1.4%)

### Religion

The Nawala West Grama Niladhari Division has a Buddhist majority (77.7%). In comparison, the Sri Jayawardanapura Kotte Divisional Secretariat (which contains the Nawala West Grama Niladhari Division) has a Buddhist majority (77.1%)

Religion in Nawala West

Buddhist (77.7%)  Roman Catholic (9.7%)  Other Christian (4.9%)  Hindu (4.6%)  Muslim (3.1%)  Other (0.1%)

## InfoBox

| Nawala West | |
| --- | --- |
| Grama Niladhari Division | |
| Nawala is located within, nearby or associated with the Nawala West Grama Niladhari Division | |
| Coordinates: 6°53′46″N 79°53′15″E / 6.896015°N 79.887507°E / 6.896015; 79.887507 | |
| Country | Sri Lanka |
| Province | Western Province |
| District | Colombo District |
| Divisional Secretariat | Sri Jayawardanapura Kotte Divisional Secretariat |
| Electoral District | Colombo Electoral District |
| Polling Division | Kotte Polling Division |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.44 km2 (0.56 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 9 m (30 ft) |
| Population (2012) | |
| Total | 4,059 |
| Density | 2,819/km2 (7,300/sq mi) |
| ISO 3166 code | LK-1124030 |


title: Nixtamalization

abstract: Nixtamalization is a process for the preparation of maize, or other grain, in which the grain is soaked and cooked in an alkaline solution, usually limewater, washed, and then hulled. The term can also refer to the removal via an alkali process of the pericarp from other grains such as sorghum. Nixtamalized corn has several benefits over unprocessed grain: It is more easily ground, its nutritional value is increased, flavor and aroma are improved, and mycotoxins are reduced by up to 97–100%. Lime and ash are highly alkaline: the alkalinity helps the dissolution of hemicellulose, the major glue-like component of the maize cell walls, and loosens the hulls from the kernels and softens the maize. The tryptophan in corn proteins is made more available for human absorption, thus helping to prevent pellagra. Some of the corn oil is broken down into emulsifying agents, while bonding of the maize proteins to each other is also facilitated. The divalent calcium in lime acts as a cross-linking agent for protein and polysaccharide acidic side chains. While cornmeal made from untreated ground maize is unable by itself to form a dough on addition of water, nixtamalized cornmeal will form a dough, called masa. These benefits make nixtamalization a crucial preliminary step for further processing of maize into food products, and the process is employed using both traditional and industrial methods in the production of tortillas and tortilla chips, tamales, hominy, and many other items.

text:
# Nixtamalization

**Nixtamalization** (/ˌnɪkstəməlɪˈzʃən/) is a process for the preparation of maize, or other grain, in which the grain is soaked and cooked in an alkaline solution, usually limewater (but sometimes aqueous alkali metal carbonates), washed, and then hulled. The term can also refer to the removal via an alkali process of the pericarp from other grains such as sorghum.

Nixtamalized corn has several benefits over unprocessed grain: It is more easily ground, its nutritional value is increased, flavor and aroma are improved, and mycotoxins are reduced by up to 97–100% (for aflatoxins).

Lime and ash are highly alkaline: the alkalinity helps the dissolution of hemicellulose, the major glue-like component of the maize cell walls, and loosens the hulls from the kernels and softens the maize. The tryptophan in corn proteins is made more available for human absorption, thus helping to prevent pellagra.

Some of the corn oil is broken down into emulsifying agents (monoglycerides and diglycerides), while bonding of the maize proteins to each other is also facilitated. The divalent calcium in lime acts as a cross-linking agent for protein and polysaccharide acidic side chains.

While cornmeal made from untreated ground maize is unable by itself to form a dough on addition of water, nixtamalized cornmeal will form a dough, called masa. These benefits make nixtamalization a crucial preliminary step for further processing of maize into food products, and the process is employed using both traditional and industrial methods in the production of tortillas and tortilla chips (but not corn chips), tamales, hominy, and many other items.

## Etymology

In the Aztec language Nahuatl, the word for the product of this procedure is *nixtamalli* or *nextamalli* (pronounced \[niʃtaˈmalːi\] or \[neʃtaˈmalːi\]), which in turn has yielded Mexican Spanish *nixtamal* (\[nistaˈmal\]). The Nahuatl word is a compound of *nextli* "lime ashes" and *tamalli* "unformed/cooked corn dough, tamal". The term *nixtamalization* can also be used to describe the removal of the pericarp from any grain by an alkali process, including maize, sorghum, and others. When the unaltered Spanish spelling *nixtamalización* is used in written English, however, it almost exclusively refers to maize.

The labels on packages of commercially sold tortillas prepared with nixtamalized maize usually list *corn treated with lime* as an ingredient in English, while the Spanish versions list *maíz nixtamalizado*.

## History

### Mesoamerica

The process of nixtamalization was first developed in Mesoamerica, where maize was originally cultivated. There is no precise date when the technology was developed, but the earliest evidence of nixtamalization is found in Guatemala's southern coast, with equipment dating from 1200 to 1500 BC.

How nixtamalization was discovered is not known, but one possibility may have been through the use of hot stones (see pot boiler) to boil corn in early cultures which did not have cooking vessels robust enough to put directly on fire or coals. In limestone regions like those in Guatemala and southern Mexico, heated chunks of limestone would naturally be used, and experiments show that hot limestone makes the cooking water sufficiently alkaline to cause nixtamalization. Archaeological evidence supporting this possibility has been found in southern Utah, United States.

The Aztec and Mayan civilizations developed nixtamalization using slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) and lye (potassium hydroxide) to create alkaline solutions. The Chibcha people to the north of the ancient Inca also used calcium hydroxide (also known as "cal"), while the tribes of North America used soda ash.

The nixtamalization process was very important in the early Mesoamerican diet, as there is very little niacin in corn and the tryptophan within is unavailable without processing. A population that depends on untreated maize as a staple food risks malnourishment and is more likely to develop deficiency diseases such as pellagra, niacin deficiency, or kwashiorkor, the absence of certain amino acids that maize is deficient in. Maize cooked with lime or other alkali provided bioavailable niacin to Mesoamericans. Beans provided the otherwise missing amino acids required to balance maize for complete protein.

### Spread

The spread of maize cultivation in the Americas was accompanied by the adoption of the nixtamalization process. Traditional and contemporary regional cuisines (including Maya cuisine, Aztec cuisine, and Mexican cuisine) included, and still include, foods based on nixtamalized maize.

The process has not substantially declined in usage in the Mesoamerican region, though there has been a decline in North America. Many Native North American tribes, such as the Huron, no longer use the process. In some Mesoamerican and North American regions, dishes are still made from nixtamalized maize prepared by traditional techniques. The Hopi produce sodium carbonate from ashes of various native plants and trees. Some contemporary Maya use calcium salts in the form of ashes of burnt mussel shells or heated limestone.

In the United States, European settlers did not always adopt the nixtamalization process, except in the case of hominy grits, though maize became a staple among the poor of the southern states. This led to endemic pellagra in poor populations throughout the southern US in the early 20th century. A more varied diet and fortification of wheat flour, the other staple food, have essentially eliminated this deficiency.

## Process

### Cooking

In the first step of nixtamalization, kernels of dried maize are cooked in an alkaline solution at or near the mixture's boiling point. After cooking, the maize is steeped in the cooking liquid for a period. The length of time for which the maize is boiled and soaked varies according to local traditions and the type of food being prepared, with cooking times ranging from a few minutes to an hour, and soaking times from a few minutes to about a day.

During cooking and soaking, a number of chemical changes take place in the grains of maize. Because plant cell wall components, including hemicellulose and pectin, are highly soluble in alkaline solutions, the kernels soften and their pericarps (hulls) loosen. The grain hydrates and absorbs calcium or potassium (depending on the alkali used) from the cooking solution. Starches swell and gelatinize, and some starches disperse into the liquid. Certain chemicals from the germ are released that allow the cooked grains to be ground more easily, yet make dough made from the grains less likely to tear and break down. Cooking changes the grain's protein matrix, which makes proteins and nutrients from the endosperm of the kernel more available to the human body.

### Extraction

After cooking, the alkaline liquid (known as **nejayote**), containing dissolved hull, starch, and other corn matter, is decanted and discarded (or sometimes used for making amate bark paper). The kernels are washed thoroughly of remaining nejayote, which has an unpleasant flavor. The pericarp is then removed, leaving the endosperm of the grain with or without the germ, depending on the process. This hulling is performed by hand, in traditional or very small-scale preparation, or mechanically, in larger scale or industrial production.

The prepared grain is called hominy or nixtamal. Nixtamal has many uses, contemporary and historic. Whole nixtamal may be used fresh or dried for later use. Whole nixtamal is used in the preparation of pozole, menudo, and other foods. Ground fresh nixtamal is made into *masa* (nixtamal dough) and used to make tortillas, tamales, and pupusas. Dried and ground, it is called *masa harina* or instant *masa* flour, and is reconstituted and used like *masa*.

The term hominy may refer to whole, coarsely ground, or finely ground nixtamal, or to a cooked porridge (also called samp) prepared from any of these.

### Enzymatic nixtamalization

An alternative process for use in industrial settings has been developed known as **enzymatic nixtamalization**, which uses protease enzymes to accelerate the changes that occur in traditional nixtamalization, a technique borrowed from modern corn wet-milling. In this process, corn or corn meal is first partially hydrated in hot water, so that enzymes can penetrate the grain, then soaked briefly (for approximately 30 minutes) at 50–60 °C (122–140 °F) in an alkaline solution containing protease enzymes. A secondary enzymatic digestion may follow to further dissolve the pericarp. The resulting nixtamal is ground with little or no washing or hulling.

By pre-soaking the maize, minimizing the alkali used to adjust the pH of the alkaline solution, reducing the cooking temperature, accelerating processing, and reusing excess processing liquids, enzymatic nixtamalization can reduce the use of energy and water, lower nejayote (alkaline wastewater) production, decrease maize lost in processing, and shorten the production time (to approximately four hours) compared to traditional nixtamalization.

## Impact on health

The primary nutritional benefits of nixtamalization arise from the alkaline processing involved. The processing renders the protein more digestible, allowing tryptophan to be absorbed by humans. Humans can convert tryptophan into niacin, thus helping to prevent pellagra. Other measures of protein quality are also improved. It was originally thought that the anti-pellagra action stems from increased availability of niacin (compared to a hemicellulose-bound form called "niacytin"), but multiple experiments have disproven this theory.

Secondary benefits can arise from the grain's absorption of minerals from the alkali used or from the vessels used in preparation. These effects can increase calcium (by 750%, with 85% available for absorption), iron, copper, and zinc.

Nixtamalization significantly deactivates (by 90–94%) mycotoxins produced by *Fusarium verticillioides* and *Fusarium proliferatum*, molds that commonly infect maize, the toxins of which are putative carcinogens.

* Coe, Sophie. America's First Cuisines (1994). ISBN 0-292-71159-X
* Davidson, Alan. Oxford Companion to Food (1999), "Nixtamalization", p. 534. ISBN 0-19-211579-0
* Kulp, Karen and Klaude J. Lorenz (editors). Handbook of Cereal Science and Technology (2000), p. 670. ISBN 0-8247-8358-1
* McGee, Harold. On Food and Cooking, 2nd Edition (2004) p. 477-478 ISBN 0-684-80001-2
* Smith, C. Wayne, Javier Betrán and E. C. A. Runge (editors). Corn: Origins, History and Technology (2004) p. 275 ISBN 0-471-41184-1


title: Princess Anne, Virginia

abstract: Princess Anne is a community located in the independent city of Virginia Beach, Virginia, United States at the junction of Princess Anne Road and North Landing Road near the West Neck River. The community, which dates from 1691, was named after Princess Anne of Denmark and Norway. The community is the site of the Virginia Beach Municipal Center, where most of the city offices are located, including city hall. Traffic is a major concern for the area as the Municipal Center is a major employment center that is only accessible by two-lane roads. In 1691, Lower Norfolk County was split roughly in half. The western half became Norfolk County, while the eastern half became Princess Anne Shire, later known as Princess Anne County. Between 1691 and the consolidation of Virginia Beach and Princess Anne County in 1963, this community served as the county seat and was sometimes referred to as Princess Anne Courthouse. The old courthouse dates to the 17th century. Despite its name, Princess Anne High School is not located in the Princess Anne section of Virginia Beach. Princess Anne Elementary School and Princess Anne Middle School however, are located in Princess Anne just a short distance from the Municipal Center. Subdivisions in the general area include: Ashby's Bridge, Asheville Park, Castleton, Christopher Farms, Courthouse Estates, The Estates at Munden Farms, Heritage Park, Highgate Crossing, Highgate Greens, Holland Oaks, Holland Woods, Hunt Club Forest, Indian River Plantation, Lago Mar, Lake Placid, Mayberry, Pine Ridge, Prince George Estates, Princess Anne Woods, Red Mill Farms, Rollingwood, Sherwood Lakes, Strawbridge, Three Oaks and others. The area boasts an exceptional crime rate, as well as access to some of the best schools in the Virginia Beach City Public Schools system, including Kellam. Its location, in close vicinity to Pungo, the Virginia Beach oceanfront, as well as the coastal community, Sandbridge keeps the area in high demand among new residents. Like much of the Southeastern United States, the Princess Anne area of Virginia Beach has a subtropical climate, characterized by short, relatively mild winters and long, hot and humid summers. Primarily because of its close proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and location south of the Chesapeake Bay, temperatures are more moderate than those inland, with winters being warmer and averaging only 3 to 4 inches of snow per year. Annually, Princess Anne residents can expect more than to 50 inches of rain. A wide variety of plants flourish here and can be seen growing throughout the area, including Camellias, Oleanders, Azaleas and Gardenias. Trees include Sabal and Windmill palms, live oak, crepe myrtles, and various magnolia, cherry blossom and fig trees. Loblolly pine, bald cypress, wax myrtle, sweetgum and many other indigenous plants are prevalent as well. Several areas in Princess Anne such as Courthouse and Lago Mar are well established and there are plants in bloom throughout the year.

text:
# Princess Anne, Virginia

**Princess Anne** is a community located in the independent city of Virginia Beach, Virginia, United States at the junction of Princess Anne Road and North Landing Road near the West Neck River. The community, which dates from 1691, was named after Princess Anne of Denmark and Norway (later Anne, Queen of Great Britain, 1665–1714).

The community is the site of the Virginia Beach Municipal Center, where most of the city offices are located, including city hall. Traffic is a major concern for the area as the Municipal Center is a major employment center that is only accessible by two-lane roads.

In 1691, Lower Norfolk County was split roughly in half. The western half became Norfolk County, while the eastern half became **Princess Anne Shire**, later known as Princess Anne County. Between 1691 and the consolidation of Virginia Beach and Princess Anne County in 1963, this community served as the county seat and was sometimes referred to as **Princess Anne Courthouse**. The old courthouse dates to the 17th century. Despite its name, Princess Anne High School is not located in the Princess Anne section of Virginia Beach. Princess Anne Elementary School and Princess Anne Middle School however, are located in Princess Anne just a short distance from the Municipal Center.

Subdivisions in the general area include: Ashby's Bridge, Asheville Park, Castleton, Christopher Farms, Courthouse Estates, The Estates at Munden Farms, Heritage Park, Highgate Crossing, Highgate Greens, Holland Oaks, Holland Woods, Hunt Club Forest, Indian River Plantation, Lago Mar, Lake Placid, Mayberry, Pine Ridge, Prince George Estates, Princess Anne Woods, Red Mill Farms, Rollingwood, Sherwood Lakes, Strawbridge, Three Oaks and others.

The area boasts an exceptional crime rate, as well as access to some of the best schools in the Virginia Beach City Public Schools system, including Kellam. Its location, in close vicinity to Pungo, the Virginia Beach oceanfront, as well as the coastal community, Sandbridge keeps the area in high demand among new residents.

Like much of the Southeastern United States, the Princess Anne area of Virginia Beach has a subtropical climate, characterized by short, relatively mild winters and long, hot and humid summers. Primarily because of its close proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and location south of the Chesapeake Bay, temperatures are more moderate than those inland, with winters being warmer and averaging only 3 to 4 inches of snow per year. Annually, Princess Anne residents can expect more than to 50 inches of rain.

A wide variety of plants flourish here and can be seen growing throughout the area, including Camellias, Oleanders, Azaleas and Gardenias. Trees include Sabal and Windmill palms, live oak, crepe myrtles, and various magnolia, cherry blossom and fig trees. Loblolly pine, bald cypress, wax myrtle, sweetgum and many other indigenous plants are prevalent as well. Several areas in Princess Anne such as Courthouse and Lago Mar are well established and there are plants in bloom throughout the year.

| Climate data for Princess Anne, Virginia Beach, VA (1996–2023) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 79
(26) | 85
(29) | 88
(31) | 94
(34) | 99
(37) | 103
(39) | 104
(40) | 102
(39) | 98
(37) | 96
(36) | 86
(30) | 82
(28) | 104
(40) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 52
(11) | 55
(13) | 62
(17) | 71
(22) | 79
(26) | 86
(30) | 90
(32) | 88
(31) | 82
(28) | 73
(23) | 63
(17) | 56
(13) | 71
(22) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 36
(2) | 38
(3) | 44
(7) | 52
(11) | 61
(16) | 70
(21) | 74
(23) | 73
(23) | 68
(20) | 58
(14) | 47
(8) | 40
(4) | 55
(13) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 12
(−11) | 11
(−12) | 22
(−6) | 33
(1) | 42
(6) | 51
(11) | 60
(16) | 60
(16) | 52
(11) | 37
(3) | 28
(−2) | 15
(−9) | 11
(−12) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.56
(90.424) | 3.49
(88.646) | 3.59
(91.186) | 4.24
(107.696) | 4.35
(110.49) | 5.03
(127.762) | 6.64
(168.656) | 6.17
(156.718) | 6.38
(162.052) | 4.08
(103.632) | 3.75
(95.25) | 4.35
(110.49) | 55.63
(1,413.002) |
| Average snowfall inches (mm) | 2.06
(52.324) | 0.61
(15.494) | 0.06
(1.524) | 0.00
(0.1016) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.53
(13.462) | 3.26
(82.9056) |
| Source: Princess Anne Weather | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Princess Anne | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Building 10, a courthouse, Virginia Beach Municipal Center | |
| Princess AnneLocation within the state of VirginiaPrincess AnnePrincess Anne (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 36°45′6″N 76°3′11″W / 36.75167°N 76.05306°W / 36.75167; -76.05306 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Virginia |
| Independent city | Virginia Beach |
| Princess Anne Shire | 1691 |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| ZIP codes | 23453 23454 23456 23457 |
| Area code(s) | 757, 948 |


title: Paralbara watsoni

abstract: Paralbara watsoni is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It was described by Jeremy Daniel Holloway in 1976. It is found on Sumatra, Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia.

text:
# Paralbara watsoni

***Paralbara watsoni*** is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It was described by Jeremy Daniel Holloway in 1976. It is found on Sumatra, Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia.

## InfoBox

| *Paralbara watsoni* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Drepanidae |
| Genus: | *Paralbara* |
| Species: | ***P. watsoni*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Paralbara watsoni***<br>Holloway, 1976 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Albara watsoni* Holloway, 1976 | |


title: Inn at Montchanin Village

abstract: The Inn at Montchanin Village is a historic hotel in Montchanin, Delaware, an unincorporated community in New Castle County. The Inn, which consists of historic houses and other buildings, now interconnected by elaborate gardens, comprises much or all of the Montchanin Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

text:
# Inn at Montchanin Village

The **Inn at Montchanin Village** is a historic hotel in Montchanin, Delaware, an unincorporated community in New Castle County. The Inn, which consists of historic houses and other buildings, now interconnected by elaborate gardens, comprises much or all of the Montchanin Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## History

The modern history of the area can be traced back to the early 19th century and is connected to the DuPont family. Montchanin, which was named after Anne Alexandrine de Montchanin, the mother of Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours, patriarch of the DuPont family. The village housed workers in the nearby DuPont gunpowder mill, and the town train station became an important stop for shipping black powder to the coal fields in Pennsylvania.

The existing buildings were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. In 1996 Missy Lickle (a seventh-generation member of the DuPont family) and her husband David, bought the properties and renovated them, turning them into the Inn and Montchanin Village. Today, the eleven buildings on site house 28 rooms. The Inn is a member of the Historic Hotels of America.

39°47′26″N 75°35′19″W / 39.7906°N 75.5887°W / 39.7906; -75.5887


title: Maung people

abstract: The Maung people, or Warruwi, are an Aboriginal Australian people living on the Goulburn Islands, in the Arafura Sea off the coast of the Northern Territory.

text:
# Maung people

The **Maung people**, or **Warruwi**, are an Aboriginal Australian people living on the Goulburn Islands, in the Arafura Sea off the coast of the Northern Territory.

## Language

Maung is not one of the majority Pama-Nyungan languages, but belongs to the Iwaidjic subgroup of the Iwaidjan languages, spoken, together with Manangkardi, on Goulburn Island. The language was first described in some detail by Arthur Capell and Heather Hinch.

## Country

Norman Tindale estimated the extent of Maung territory at 500 square miles (1,300 km2), covering both the Goulburn Islands and the adjacent coastal lands. Their eastern extension was as far as east to King River, Braithwaite Point and Junction Bay. Their western limits were at the Sandy and Angularli creeks.

The seasons were of two basic kinds: the wet season, which lasted until either in May or June, followed by the dry season which concluded in October/ November. The native calendar was fixed by correlating the onset of seasons with minute changes observed in the fauna and flora. The harbinger for the end of the wet season was the peewee, whose arrival signaled that it was time to harvest *mawain*, a type of water lily root. Brown scum, *mangirgirra*, on the coastal waters meant it was time to go out and fish for a small variety of shark, which abounded at this time, in August; when the *waluru'* or stringy bark began to flower, it meant that turtles were mating, and, once the blossoms were due to fall, the hunting period for these turtles began.

Contrary to widespread perceptions concerning Aboriginal people as a purely hunting and gathering nomadic people, evidence that a number of groups understood and engaged in agriculture, by culling roots and replanting them for a seasonal harvest has also been forthcoming in studies of the Maung. Lamilami's grandfather would gather *mungubdi* lilies and a tapioca like roots called *gurabel* and take them to other locations such as billabongs where they would be planted. The same was done with the banyan and cabbage trees, in order to provide shade.

## History

The Methodist mission established on the island in 1916 regarded the traditional culture as something inimical to the modern Western work ethic they wished to inculcate, and in order to make a breach in the normal patterns of Maung life, with regard to Warruri women, they introduced basketry in 1922. The technique which was introduced however was one derived from observation of the coiling method current among the weavers of the Ngarrindjeri tribe which the Methodist instructor, Gretta Matthews, had learnt of while in Glenelg, South Australia. The mastery of this technique had a major impact as Iwadja relatives on Croker Island, the Kunibidji in the Maningrida area and the Kunwinjku at Gunbalanya (Oenpelli) learnt it, and in turn it was spread throughout Arnhem Land and the Gulf of Carpentaria.

## Notable people

* Lazarus Lamilami (1908 /1913 /-1977), was a fully initiated Maung who became the first full-blooded Aboriginal person to be ordained a Methodist minister, in 1965, and wrote an autobiography of his life and times.
* Mondalmi, Lamilami's sister, cultural guardian, linguist and activist who collaborated with anthropologist Catherine Berndt to record the traditional ways of her people.

## Alternative names

### Citations

1. Evans 2000, p. 111.
2. Capell & Hinch 1970.
3. Tindale 1974, p. 231.
4. Cole 2000.
5. Laudine 2016, p. 92.
6. Laudine 2016.
7. West 2015, p. 294.
8. Laudine 2016, p. 294.
9. Prentis 2011, p. 121.
10. Lamilami 1974.
11. Garde.

## Sources

* Capell, Arthur; Hinch, Heather E. (1970). *Maung Grammar: Texts and Vocabulary*. Mouton.
* Cole, Keith (2000). "Lamilami, Lazarus (1913–1977)". *Australian Dictionary of Biography*. Vol. 15. Melbourne University Press.
* Evans, Nicholas (2000). "Iwaidja mutation and its origins". In Kreidler, Charles W. (ed.). *Phonology: Critical Concepts in Linguistics*. Vol. 4. Taylor & Francis. pp. 111–144. ISBN 978-0-415-20348-7.
* Garde, Murray. "kunmarung". *Bininj Kunwok online dictionary*. Bininj Kunwok Regional Language Centre. Retrieved 16 June 2019.
* Lamilami, Lazarus (1974). *Lamilami Speaks: The Cry Went Up, a Story of the People of Goulburn Islands, North Australia*. Ure Smith. ISBN 978-0-725-40198-6.
* Laudine, Catherine (2016) \[First published 2009\]. *Aboriginal Environmental Knowledge: Rational Reverence*. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-18609-0.
* Prentis, Malcolm David (2011). *Concise Companion to Aboriginal History*. Rosenberg. ISBN 978-1-921-71961-5.
* Tindale, Norman Barnett (1974). "Maung (NT)". *Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names*. Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-708-10741-6.
* West, Margie (2015). "Yuta Djama: Innovation in Australian Indigenous Fibre". In Jefferies, Janis; Conroy, Diana Wood; Clark, Hazel (eds.). *The Handbook of Textile Culture*. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 293–308. ISBN 978-1-474-27579-8.


title: Pterolophia occidentalis

abstract: Pterolophia occidentalis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bernhard Schwarzer in 1931.

text:
# Pterolophia occidentalis

***Pterolophia occidentalis*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bernhard Schwarzer in 1931.

## InfoBox

| *Pterolophia occidentalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Tribe: | Pteropliini |
| Genus: | *Pterolophia* |
| Species: | ***P. occidentalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pterolophia occidentalis***<br>Schwarzer, 1931 | |
|


title: Nayemont-les-Fosses

abstract: Nayemont-les-Fosses is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France. Inhabitants are called Nayemontais.

text:
# Nayemont-les-Fosses

**Nayemont-les-Fosses** (French pronunciation: \[nɛmɔ̃ le fos\] ) is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France.

Inhabitants are called *Nayemontais*.

## Geography

The commune is adjacent to Saint-Dié-des-Vosges, on its eastern side, and on the sunny side of the Ormont Hills. The commune's territory extends to the right bank of the little river Fave. The mountain topography enforces a somewhat dispersed layout for the commune's settlements, which include both the village of Nayemont itself and various hamlets such as Brompont, les Basses Fosses, les Hautes Fosses and Menumont.

## History

Archaeological discoveries indicate significant human presence here both during the later Neolithic period and subsequently. Presumably the district shared in the switch from a nomadic hunting existence to one involving settlement and agriculture. Presumably, too, the area had its share of fighting and conquest.

During the first millennium, the end of the Gallo-Roman period was accompanied by the disappearance of central authority. It was a troubled period for Lorraine, characterised by wars and the disappearances - presumably following violent assaults - of settled communities. However, the construction on the hill a little to the east of the present day village, of Spitzemberg Castle around 900 indicates an attempt to achieve greater permanence amid the ruins of the Gallo-Roman civilisation. During the Hungarian invasions castles such as this provided a refuge for threatened villagers.

The Lordship of Spitzemberg fell within the Duchy of Lorraine, created in 959 by the German Emperor, Otto I. Lorraine remained subject to the German emperors until the early fifteenth century which ushered in several uncomfortable centuries during which Lorraine would find itself one of several buffer states lodged between the conflicting territorial ambitions of The Empire and of France.

Meanwhile, in the twelfth century the district belonged to the Lords of Paroye until, in 1243, the Dukes of Lorraine themselves acquired the castle, where they installed a garrison: a principal objective of building up and maintaining the castle in this way was the defence of nearby Saint-Dié-des-Vosges to the west. The village o Ayemont (Nayemont) along with the settlements at Les Hautes-Fosses and Les Basse Fosses were part of the domain supporting and dependent of the castle.

The 1550s found the powerful regent Christina, Danish born widow of the former Duke of Lorraine, residing at Spitzemberg Castle. During the time of the dowager duchess Christina, the local inhabitants were granted usage rights to the woods in the lower land around Ayemont which was, at this time, the principal village in the Spitzemberg deanery, with responsibility over the nearby hamlets of Hautes Fosses and Basse Fosses, and under the bailiwick of Saint-Dié. Christina enjoyed her walks and also arranged for the construction and maintenance of a network of forest paths, one of which is still known as "Queen's Path" (*"Chemin de la Reine"*). The locals were expected to provide some form of military service (guard duty) to the castle, but this could be replaced by a tax in kind, commonly involving rye or oats.

Then as now, the village had no church of its own, being ecclesiastically dependent on the parish of Sainte-Marguerite, a short walk to the south.

Between 1790 and Year X (1801/02) Ayemont, which by now had become Nayemont, was part of the commune of Bertrimoutier.

## InfoBox

| Nayemont-les-Fosses | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| View of Nayemont-les-Fosses, with Saint-Dié-des-Vosges in the background | |
|  | |
| Location of Nayemont-les-Fosses | |
| Nayemont-les-FossesNayemont-les-Fosses | |
| Coordinates: 48°17′51″N 7°00′25″E / 48.2975°N 7.0069°E / 48.2975; 7.0069 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Grand Est |
| Department | Vosges |
| Arrondissement | Saint-Dié-des-Vosges |
| Canton | Saint-Dié-des-Vosges-2 |
| Intercommunality | CA Saint-Dié-des-Vosges |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Annabelle Soudière |
| Area**1** | 8.91 km2 (3.44 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 774 |
| Density | 87/km2 (220/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 88320 /88100 |
| Elevation | 345–890 m (1,132–2,920 ft)
(avg. 500 m or 1,600 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Noel Marshall

abstract: Noel Bangert, mainly known as Noel Marshall, was an American agent, co-producer, and briefly a director and actor for one film. He moved to Hollywood, California, in his 20s and began investing in the production of a handful of films, including William Peter Blatty's The Exorcist. In the 1970s, Marshall and his family, including his wife, Tippi Hedren, and step-daughter, Melanie Griffith, began production on Roar, which is notorious for its 11-year accident-ridden production due to the many production mishaps and damages caused on-set. The cast and crew worked with real big cats, leading to 70 people being injured during the making of the film. It later received the tagline "The most dangerous movie ever made".

text:
# Noel Marshall

**Noel Bangert** (April 18, 1931 – June 30, 2010), mainly known as **Noel Marshall**, was an American agent, co-producer, and briefly a director and actor for one film. He moved to Hollywood, California, in his 20s and began investing in the production of a handful of films, including William Peter Blatty's *The Exorcist*.

In the 1970s, Marshall and his family, including his wife, Tippi Hedren, and step-daughter, Melanie Griffith, began production on *Roar*, which is notorious for its 11-year accident-ridden production due to the many production mishaps and damages caused on-set. The cast and crew worked with real big cats, leading to 70 people being injured during the making of the film. It later received the tagline "The most dangerous movie ever made".

## Early life and career

Originally known as Noel Bangert in Chicago, Marshall spent his early childhood in South Chicago with his eleven younger siblings. He had developed an interest in animals when he was working a summer job at the St. Louis Zoo. He moved to Hollywood in his 20s to work in television.

Marshall also produced fiberglass automobile bodies during the 1950s under his company Bangert Enterprises. As an agent in Hollywood, one of his clients was William Peter Blatty, who wrote the novel *The Exorcist*. Blatty made a deal with producer Paul Monash to team up for the film adaptation, but they had arguments over plot changes, so Monash left and Marshall was made executive producer. He was also executive producer for *Mr. Kingstreet's War*, and *The Harrad Experiment* (both 1973).

### *Roar*

As director, Marshall wrote, co-produced, and starred in the film *Roar* (1981), which revolved around big cats and featured actress Tippi Hedren, his stepdaughter Melanie Griffith, and his sons, John and Jerry. The idea for the film happened when Hedren finished filming *Mr. Kingstreet's War* in Africa. Both Marshall and Hedren saw a game warden's house in Zimbabwe overrun by lions, and learned about awareness for endangered animal and big cat species. The two conceived an idea for a film that the family could be a part of, which would center around many African cats. Marshall wrote the script, and gave the film a working title, which was *Lions, Lions and More Lions*. He also convinced Japanese and British investors to provide the funds for the movie. Marshall and Hedren approached animal trainers for support on the training of numerous big cats, and were told the idea was impossible, dismissing them both as "brainsick" and "completely and utterly insane" to allow big cats on-set without at least two experienced trainers for each animal. Hedren had originally wanted actor Jack Nicholson to play the role of biologist Hank, but Marshall himself took the role.

Production started in Santa Monica, California, in 1976; shooting for the film was scheduled to last six months but took 3 years to shoot, and 11 years to make. During that time, Marshall and his family began housing lions first at his Sherman Oaks home, a property he bought in Santa Clarita, and later in Acton, California. The animal cast eventually reached to 132 lions, tigers, leopards, cougars, and jaguars. *Roar* was accident-ridden due to the injuries inflicted on the cast and crew that were caused by the animals. Over 70 people are believed to have been injured, giving the film the title of the "most dangerous movie ever made". Marshall's attacks from the lions during scenes were life-threatening; his wounds from the scratches and lion bites became infected and later gave him gangrene. Other accidents included a flood from a broken dam, a fire, destroyed equipment, financial issues, and a feline virus which plagued most of the big cats.

Marshall used the proceeds from his executive position on *The Exorcist* to help fund the film, leading some of the crew to believe it was plagued by the "curse of The Exorcist" due to its financial association. After two years of production, most of the financiers had already pulled their money out. The finances restricted Marshall and his family from paying the animals' food bills and paying for the damages caused became a burden; investors gave payments of up to $1 million, but this barely paid back the debt. This resulted in their four houses being sold in order to pay the debt, and the entire production crew was fired to compensate for the losses. Marshall and Hedren decided to continue the production and rebuilt the sets that had been destroyed, and hired many different crew members to finish the film. The film's budget thus increased due to the issues and cost $17 million altogether. When it finally released outside of the U.S. in 1981 it received negative reviews and brought in $2 million worldwide. It was screened for only a week in theaters.

After the filming of *Roar*, the big cats used were moved to the Shambala Preserve, established by Hedren.

### Later pursuits

Marshall was slated to produce a film adaptation of the 1978 biographical novel *Shadowland* by William Arnold after Marie Yates, then Arnold's literary agent, negotiated a movie deal with Marshall. The rights for the film, called *Frances*, were sold by Yates to Brooksfilms, the production company of Mel Brooks. Marshall claimed that he offered her a better position in the film's production if she gave Brooks the rights without paying Marshall fees as co-producer, and to take Arnold out of the contract and easily "fuck Marshall". Arnold ended up filing a lawsuit against the company and producer Jonathan Sanger for copyright infringement.

A later film where Marshall was also credited as producer was *A Night in the Life of Jimmy Reardon* (1988), starring River Phoenix, though he never directed or acted in another film again. He left show business to run marketing for an HMO in Florida. *The Daily Beast* reports that he was working on a film script before his death.

## Personal life

Marshall and his first wife, Jaye Joseph Marshall, started a talent agency together. They divorced, and Marshall married Tippi Hedren in 1964, previously having been her agent and manager.

> I would try to be in the scenes with Tippi and Melanie, because they felt better when I was nearby. We grouped together as a family. Not that we thought dad was really trying to kill us, but it really seemed like he was out for us for some reason.

John Marshall, son of Noel Marshall and actor in *Roar*

After production of *Roar*, Marshall and Hedren divorced in 1982, with Hedren saying Marshall would constantly become aggressive when they fought, leading her to secure a restraining order against him, stating he could not physically abuse her or come within 20 feet of their home, and for him to also seek psychiatric care. Marshall's son John would confirm that the divorce was due to the events that happened during production. He reflected on numerous incidents, including Marshall's treatment of Griffith. He recalled that the cast had safewords when the scene became too risky, but when Griffith used hers, Marshall did not listen and kept filming. In a 2015 interview with *Xfinity*, he made a link between the treatment of the family during filming as the reason behind the divorce. John also said that behind the scenes, Marshall once struck John for standing up to him, and would tell Griffith to forget about her anxiety around the lions instead of taking action to protect her. Marshall was labeled "intense" by John, as he would often get angry on-set of the film and would shout at the cast, crew, and animal handlers when a take was ruined. John explained that Marshall's temper was aggravated by the hours it took to film scenes of the big cats that relied on waiting for the animals to do something that could be included in the film.

Marshall died of cancer on June 30, 2010, in Santa Monica, California.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Credited as | | | | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Director | Producer | Screenwriter | Other | | |
| 1965 | *I'll Bet* | No | No | No | Yes | Himself | Episode: Dwayne Hickman and wife Carol Christensen vs. Tippi Hedren and husband Noel Marshall |
| 1971 | *Mister Kingstreet's War* | No | Executive | No | No |  |  |
| 1973 | *The Harrad Experiment* | No | Executive | No | No |  |  |
| 1973 | *The Exorcist* | No | Executive | No | No |  |  |
| 1978 | *The Merv Griffin Show* | No | No | No | Yes | Himself | Episode: Robert Klein, Betty White, Kay Starr, Tippi Hedren & Noel Marshall |
| 1981 | *Roar* | Yes | Yes | Yes | Actor | Hank |  |
| 1982 | *Blue Peter* | No | No | No | Yes | Himself |  |
| 1988 | *A Night in the Life of Jimmy Reardon* | No | Executive | No | No |  |  |

**Notes**

**Citations**

1. "The Fantastic Fiberglass Manta Ray" by Noel Bangert, ebay.com. Accessed November 11, 2022.
2. "Myra/Raquel: The Predator of Hollywood". *Time*. November 28, 1969. Archived from the original on October 26, 2012. Retrieved December 1, 2008.(subscription required)
3. Hacker, Geoffrey (February 6, 2011). "Noel Bangert (Marshall) on Car Design – "His Footnote on Fins"". *Undiscovered Classics*. Archived from the original on 18 September 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
4. Tirosh, Gur (March 18, 2019). "The Story of Roar; The Most Dangerous Movie Ever Made". *History by day*. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
5. "Obituary: Noel Marshall, film director and producer". *The Scotsman*. Edinburgh. July 17, 2010. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved July 18, 2010.
6. Hacker, Geoffrey (February 12, 2011). "Noel Bangert's First Car: The Stag (Hop-Up / Motor Life, March 1954)". *Undiscovered Classics*. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
7. "1969 – Tippi Hedren". *gorongosa.net*. Parque Nacional da Gorongosa. Archived from the original on July 3, 2008. Retrieved December 1, 2008.
8. Frye, Carrie (October 19, 2012). "How To Get Your Lion Back When It Runs Away: Life Lessons From Tippi Hedren". *The Awl*. Retrieved March 31, 2019.
9. Stobezki, Jon (February 19, 2015). "Utterly Terrifying ROAR, Starring Tippi Hedren And Melanie Griffith, Joins Pride Of Drafthouse Films". *Birth.Movies.Death*. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
10. Collis, Clark (April 15, 2015). "Fifty Shades of Grrrrrr: The insane story of 'Roar'". *Entertainment Weekly*. Retrieved March 31, 2019.
11. Pappademas, Alex (April 17, 2015). "'We'd All Been Bitten, and We Kept Coming Back': 'Roar' Star John Marshall on Making the Most Dangerous Movie of All Time". *Grantland*. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
12. Worden, Leon (March 6, 2005). "SCV Newsmaker of the Week: Tippi Hedren". *scvhistory.com*. SCV Press Club.
13. Bahr, Lindsey (April 16, 2015). "'Roar': "Most Dangerous Movie Ever Made" Charges Into Theaters". *The Hollywood Reporter*. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
14. Bealmear, Bart (April 14, 2015). "'Roar': Cast and crew risked life and limb in the most dangerous movie ever made, 1981". *DangerousMinds.net*. Retrieved March 31, 2019.
15. Schmidlin, Charlie (April 6, 2015). "70 People Were Harmed in the Making of This Film". *Vice*. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
16. Buder, Emily (July 7, 2015). "'Holy F\*cking Sh\*t' Discovery of 'Roar,' the Most Dangerous Movie Ever Made". *IndieWire*. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
17. Weinburg, Scott (February 24, 2015). "Forgotten Cult Classic ROAR is Back — and It's Freaking Wild!". *Nerdist*. Archived from the original on June 20, 2018. Retrieved March 31, 2019.
18. Dirks, Tim. "Greatest Box-Office Bombs, Disasters and Flops: The Most Notable Examples". *filmsite.org*. Retrieved December 1, 2008.
19. Hammer, Joshua (March 21, 1983). "A Shadowy Figure Says He Was Frances Farmer's Lover, but a Lawsuit Claims Different". *People*. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
20. "Noel Marshall". Movies & TV Dept. *The New York Times*. Archived from the original on 15 October 2012. Retrieved December 1, 2008.
21. Yamato, Jen (April 11, 2015). "'Roar': The Most Dangerous Movie Ever Made". *The Daily Beast*. Retrieved March 31, 2019.
22. "Engagement: Tippi Hedren & Noel Marshall, 1964". *SCVTV*. February 1, 2001.
23. Onda, David (July 9, 2015). "The Unbelievable True Stories Behind 'Roar,' the Most Dangerous Film Ever Made". *Xfinity*. Movies. Comcast. Archived from the original on August 1, 2015. Retrieved June 17, 2016.
24. Knickerbocker, Suzy (March 24, 1982). "Hedren's Marriage Ends". *Syracuse Herald-Journal*.

## InfoBox

| Noel Marshall | |
| --- | --- |
| Marshall and wife Tippi Hedren in 1982 | |
| Born | Noel Bangert
(1931-04-18)April 18, 1931
Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Died | June 30, 2010(2010-06-30) (aged 79)
Santa Monica, California |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation(s) | Talent agent, producer, director, actor |
| Known for | *Roar* |
| Spouses | *   Jaye Joseph Marshall
(divorced) *   Tippi Hedren
(m. 1964; div. 1982) *   Paula Marshall Doss
(m. 1985; div. 1992) |
| Children | 3 |


title: Pao ocellaris

abstract: Pao ocellaris is a species of pufferfish in the family Tetraodontidae. It is a tropical freshwater species native to Asia, where it is known from Mae Klong in Thailand to the lower Mekong basin in Cambodia, Vietnam, and Laos. It was included in the genus Tetraodon until 2013.

text:
# Pao ocellaris

***Pao ocellaris*** is a species of pufferfish in the family Tetraodontidae. It is a tropical freshwater species native to Asia, where it is known from Mae Klong in Thailand to the lower Mekong basin in Cambodia, Vietnam, and Laos. It was included in the genus *Tetraodon* until 2013.

## InfoBox

| *Pao ocellaris* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Tetraodontiformes |
| Family: | Tetraodontidae |
| Genus: | *Pao* |
| Species: | ***P. ocellaris*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pao ocellaris***
(Klausewitz, 1957) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Tetraodon ocellaris* Klausewitz 1957 | |


title: Sharon F. Terry

abstract: Sharon F. Terry is an American health advocate in San Diego, California. She co-founded PXE International when her children were diagnosed with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) in 1994. Her TEDMED talk from 2017 has been viewed more than a million times, and was the subject of the TED Radio Hour. In 2009, she was elected an Ashoka Fellow for her entrepreneurial work in engagement and the development of interventions for genetic conditions.

text:
# Sharon F. Terry

**Sharon F. Terry** (born November 16, 1956) is an American health advocate in San Diego, California. She co-founded PXE International when her children were diagnosed with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) in 1994. Her TEDMED talk from 2017 has been viewed more than a million times, and was the subject of the TED Radio Hour. In 2009, she was elected an Ashoka Fellow for her entrepreneurial work in engagement and the development of interventions for genetic conditions.

## Career

She is the President and CEO of Genetic Alliance, and Executive Director of PXE International, a research organization for the genetic disorder pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE).

She is co-founder of the Genetic Alliance Registry and Biobank. She is the chair of the Coalition for Genetic Fairness that advocated for the passage of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act.

She was on the inaugural Advisory Panel for the Precision Medicine Initiative, is the chair of the National Academy of Medicine Board on Health Sciences Policy and many other health and research related organizations.

In 2005, Terry received an honorary doctorate from Iona College for her work in community engagement and haplotype mapping, and in 2007 received the first Patient Service Award from the UNC Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy. She also accepted the Paul G. Rogers Distinguished Advocacy Organization Award from Research!America in 2009. In 2012, she received the Spirit of Empowerment Advocacy Award, Facing Our Risk of Cancer Empowered, and was given an honorary professorship, at Hebei United University, Tangshan, China. In 2013, she was named one of the Food and Drug Administration's Rare Disease Heroes. In 2016 she was named a National Association of the National Research Council, and received the Health 2.0 Activist Award. In 2019, she received the Luminary Award from the Precision Medicine World Conference. In 2021, she received the Advocacy Award from the American Society of Human Genetics.

She is president of Schola Ministries, a nonprofit dedicated to producing the music of Kathleen Deignan.

Her work includes novel data-sharing projects such as Registries for All, winner of the Transforming Health Systems Ashoka Changemakers Award. She was on the Institute of Medicine Committee on the Necessity of Use of Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research and the IOM Committee on a Review of the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine. She was the co-chair of the National Academy of Medicine's Roundtable on Genomics and Precision Medicine.

## InfoBox

| Sharon F. Terry | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1956-11-16) November 16, 1956<br>Waterbury, Connecticut, U.S. |
| Education | State University of New York at Stony Brook, Assumption College |
| Occupation | health care advocate |
| Spouse(s) | Patrick F. Terry, m.1986 d.2019 |
| Children | 2 |
| Website | sharonfterry.com |


title: Maunga Kabuku

abstract: Maunga Kabuku is a retired Zambian football midfielder.

text:
# Maunga Kabuku

**Maunga Kabuku** (born 6 June 1985) is a retired Zambian football midfielder.

## InfoBox

Maunga Kabuku
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1985-06-06) 6 June 1985 | | |
| Place of birth | Lusaka, Zambia | | |
| Position(s) | midfielder | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2003–2004 | National Assembly |  |  |
| 2005 | Zanaco |  |  |
| 2006–2012 | Kabwe Warriors |  |  |
| 2013–2015 | Zanaco |  |  |
| 2016–2017 | NAPSA Stars |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 2008–2009 | Zambia | 5 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Preminado

abstract: Preminado is an album by pianist Barry Harris recorded in late 1960 and early 1961 and released on the Riverside label.

text:
# Preminado

***Preminado*** is an album by pianist Barry Harris recorded in late 1960 and early 1961 and released on the Riverside label.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide* |  |

AllMusic awarded the album 4 stars with its review by Scott Yanow stating, "this fine set has many strong moments".

## Track listing

*All compositions by Barry Harris except as indicated*

1. "My Heart Stood Still" (Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart) – 6:33
2. "Preminado" – 5:29
3. "I Should Care" (Axel Stordahl, Paul Weston, Sammy Cahn) – 3:37
4. "There's No One But You" (Austen Croom-Johnson, Redd Evans) – 4:08
5. "One Down" – 4:40
6. "It's the Talk of the Town" (Jerry Livingston, Al J. Neiburg, Marty Symes) – 5:05
7. "Play, Carol, Play" – 4:15
8. "What Is This Thing Called Love?" (Cole Porter) – 4:04

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Preminado | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Barry Harris Trio | |
| Released | 1961 |
| Recorded | December 21, 1960 and January 19, 1961
New York City |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 37:31 |
| Label | Riverside
RLP 354 |
| Producer | Orrin Keepnews |
| Barry Harris chronology | |
| *Barry Harris at the Jazz Workshop*
(1960) ***Preminado***
(1961) *Listen to Barry Harris*
(1961) | |


title: Wehazit Kidane

abstract: Wehazit Kidane is a road cyclist from Eritrea. She became Eritrean national road race and time trial champion in 2013 and 2014. She also rode in the women's road race at the 2016 UCI Road World Championships, finishing in 96th place.

text:
# Wehazit Kidane

**Wehazit Kidane** (born 8 January 1992) is a road cyclist from Eritrea. She became Eritrean national road race and time trial champion in 2013 and 2014. She also rode in the women's road race at the 2016 UCI Road World Championships, finishing in 96th place.

## Major results

2011 African Road Championships 4th Time trial 5th Road race 2013 National Road Championships 1st  Time trial 1st  Road race African Road Championships 2nd  Team time trial 2nd  Time trial 3rd  Road race 2014 National Road Championships 1st  Time trial 1st  Road race 2015 African Games 2nd  Time trial 10th Road race 3rd  Team time trial, African Road Championships 2016 African Road Championships 3rd  Team time trial 6th Road race 2017 African Road Championships 1st  Team time trial 5th Time trial 6th Road race 3rd Time trial, National Road Championships 2018 African Road Championships 2nd  Team time trial 6th Road race

## InfoBox

Wehazit Kidane
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1992-01-08) 8 January 1992<br>Ethiopia |
| Team information | |
| Discipline | Road |
| Role | Rider |
| Medal record      Women's cycling  Representing  Eritrea  African Games  2015 Brazzaville Time trial | |


title: Providence, Guyana

abstract: Providence is a community in the Demerara-Mahaica Region of Guyana, on the east bank of the Demerara River, located at 6°46′0″N 58°10′0″W, altitude 1 metre. Providence is approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of the capital, Georgetown. Providence is the home of the international cricket venue Providence Stadium. It also held few matches of 2007 ICC Cricket World Cup.

text:
# Providence, Guyana

**Providence** is a community in the Demerara-Mahaica Region of Guyana, on the east bank of the Demerara River, located at 6°46′0″N 58°10′0″W / 6.76667°N 58.16667°W / 6.76667; -58.16667, altitude 1 metre (3 feet). Providence is approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of the capital, Georgetown.

Providence is the home of the international cricket venue Providence Stadium. It also held few matches of 2007 ICC Cricket World Cup.

## InfoBox

| Providence, Guyana | |
| --- | --- |
| Providence Stadium from the air | |
| Providence, GuyanaLocation in Guyana | |
| Coordinates: 6°46′N 58°10′W / 6.767°N 58.167°W / 6.767; -58.167 | |
| Country | Guyana |
| Region | Demerara-Mahaica |
| Population (2012) | |
| Total | 621 |


title: Prochilodus

abstract: Prochilodus is a genus of freshwater fish from the family Prochilodontidae. This family include two other genera, Ichthyoelephas and Semaprochilodus, which have been included in Prochilodus instead. The greatest species richness of Prochilodus is in river basins in eastern, southeastern and southern Brazil, but there are also species in the river basins of the Amazon, Guianas, Colombia, Venezuela, Paraguay and northeastern Argentina. The largest species in the genus reach about 80 centimetres (2.6 ft) in length, but most species barely reach half that size.

text:
# Prochilodus

***Prochilodus*** is a genus of freshwater fish from the family Prochilodontidae. This family include two other genera, *Ichthyoelephas* and *Semaprochilodus*, which have been included in *Prochilodus* instead. The greatest species richness of *Prochilodus* is in river basins in eastern, southeastern and southern Brazil, but there are also species in the river basins of the Amazon, Guianas, Colombia, Venezuela, Paraguay and northeastern Argentina. The largest species in the genus reach about 80 centimetres (2.6 ft) in length, but most species barely reach half that size.

## Species

FishBase recognize the following species in the genus:

## InfoBox

| *Prochilodus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Prochilodus lineatus* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Characiformes |
| Family: | Prochilodontidae |
| Genus: | *Prochilodus*<br>Agassiz in Spix & Agassiz, 1829 |
|
| Species | |
| 13, see text | |


title: Nofence

abstract: Nofence is a Norwegian company that makes GPS collars for farm animals that discourage them from crossing virtual fences. Oscar Hovde Berntsen has been working on the idea of virtual fencing, as an alternative to fixed electric fencing, since the 1990s. Nofence was incorporated in 2011. In 2016, there was a pilot project in Norway with 850 goats. In 2017, the Norwegian Food Safety Authority approved the use of Nofence for goats; and for cattle and sheep in 2020. Nofence are based in Batnfjordsøra, Norway, with a UK office in Warwick. The solar-powered collars play a melody "ringtone" when the animal reaches the fence, and if they continue, a small shock, as with an electric fence. Farmers can use a mobile app to change boundaries throughout the day, and avoid over-grazing. Fenceless grazing is being supported by conservationists and farmers, particularly in sensitive areas or difficult upland areas where physical fencing would be impractical, expensive or inappropriate. In September 2020, The Times reported that trials were being conducted at six sites in the UK, including Epping Forest, in Essex. In December 2020, Nofence stated that 17,000 collars were in use in Norway.

text:
# Nofence

**Nofence** is a Norwegian company that makes GPS collars for farm animals (cattle, sheep, and goats) that discourage them from crossing virtual fences.

Oscar Hovde Berntsen has been working on the idea of virtual fencing, as an alternative to fixed electric fencing, since the 1990s. Nofence was incorporated in 2011. In 2016, there was a pilot project in Norway with 850 goats. In 2017, the Norwegian Food Safety Authority approved the use of Nofence for goats; and for cattle and sheep in 2020. Nofence are based in Batnfjordsøra, Norway, with a UK office in Warwick.

The solar-powered collars play a melody "ringtone" when the animal reaches the fence, and if they continue, a small shock, as with an electric fence. Farmers can use a mobile app to change boundaries throughout the day, and avoid over-grazing. Fenceless grazing is being supported by conservationists and farmers, particularly in sensitive areas or difficult upland areas where physical fencing would be impractical, expensive or inappropriate.

In September 2020, The Times reported that trials were being conducted at six sites in the UK, including Epping Forest, in Essex.

In December 2020, Nofence stated that 17,000 collars were in use in Norway.


title: Prix Chloé

abstract: The Prix Chloé is a Group 3 flat horse race in France open to three-year-old thoroughbred fillies. It is run at Chantilly over a distance of 1,800 metres, and it is scheduled to take place each year in late June or early July.

text:
# Prix Chloé

Prix Chloe
| 2022 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |
| Tariyana | Sippinsoda | Daisy Maisy |

| Previous years | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2021 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Noticeable Grace | Rougir | Creative Flair |

| 2020-2011 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2019 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Suphala | Romanciere | Imperial Charm |
| 2018 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Crown Walk | My Sister Nat | Flowrider |
| 2017 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Ibiza | Monroe Bay | Dallas Affair |
| 2016 | | |
|  |  |  |
| War Flag | Chartreuse | Magnolea |
| 2015 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Wekeela | Maimara | Princess Charm |
| 2014 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Wunder | Delivery | Be My Gal |
| 2013 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Sparkling Beam | Pearlside | Table Ronde |
| 2012 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Ridasiyna | Romantica | Rock Me Baby |
| 2011 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Beatrice Aurore | Peinture Abstraite | Dream Peace |

| 2010-2001 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Lily Of The Valley | Fadela Style | Mahamaya |
| 2009 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Wilside | One Clever Cat | Denomination |
| 2008 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Goldikova | Top Toss | Proviso |
| 2007 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Utrecht | Maria Gabriella | Toque De Queda |
| 2006 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Sexy Lady | Grigorieva | Summer's Eve |
| 2005 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Needlecraft | Live Life | Fading Light |
| 2004 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Love And Bubbles | Cattiva Generosa | Cloon |
| 2003 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Acago | Garlinote | Precious Pearl |
| 2002 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Walzerkoenigin | Totally Cosmic | Clefairy |
| 2001 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Prove | Magic Mission | Zuleika Dobson |

| 2000-1990 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Di Moi Oui | Premiere Creation | La Gandilie |
| 1999 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Star Of Akkar | Visionnaire | Shabby Chic |
| 1998 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Khumba Mela | Insight | Miscast |
| 1997 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Golden Arches | Sensitivity | Queen Maud |
| 1996 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Khalisa | Ecoute | Housa Dancer |
| 1995 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Garden Rose | Take Liberties | Balanka |
| 1994 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Adaiyka | Cheyenne Dream | Mrs Arkada |
| 1993 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Holly Golightly | Rouquette | Fresher |
| 1992 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Formidable Flight | Saratoga Source | Faribole |
| 1991 | | |
|  |  |  |
| La Carene | Sha Tha | Gravieres |
| 1990 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Gaelic Bird | Vijaya | Star Of The Future |
|  | | |

The **Prix Chloé** is a Group 3 flat horse race in France open to three-year-old thoroughbred fillies. It is run at Chantilly over a distance of 1,800 metres (about 1⅛ miles), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late June or early July.

## History

The event was established in 1921 alongside the Prix Daphnis, a similar contest for colts. The two races were named after the characters Daphnis and Chloe from a work by the Greek novelist Longus. The story was popularised in France by the translation of Paul-Louis Courier. Both races were originally held at Le Tremblay, and they usually took place in late April or early May.

The Prix Chloé was initially contested over 1,600 metres. It served as a trial for the Poule d'Essai des Pouliches.

The distance of the race was extended to 1,800 metres in 1961. Le Tremblay closed in 1967, and the event moved to Longchamp the following year. It was transferred to Évry in 1973, and switched to July in 1977.

The Prix Chloé was cut to 1,600 metres in 1993, and reverted to 1,800 metres in 1994. It remained at Évry until 1996. For periods thereafter it was staged at Maisons-Laffitte (1997, 2006–08), Chantilly (1998–2002, 2004–05) and Longchamp (2003). It was run over 1,600 metres in 2008.

The race returned to Chantilly with a length of 1,800 metres in 2009.

## Records

**Leading jockey (5 wins):**

* Olivier Peslier*Khumba Mela (1998), Acago (2003), Goldikova (2008), Wilside (2009), Beatrice Aurore (2011)*

---

**Leading trainer (5 wins):**

* Roch Filippi – *Finetta (1922), Our Gem (1925), Kantara (1929), Furane (1940), Guirlande (1942)*

---

**Leading owner (5 wins):**

* Marcel Boussac*Astronomie (1935), Canzoni (1939), Caravelle (1943), Djama (1947), Pareo (1952)*

## Winners since 1978

| Year | Winner | Jockey | Trainer | Owner | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1978 | Dancing Maid | Freddy Head | Alec Head | Jacques Wertheimer | 1:51.3 |
| 1979 | Producer | Alain Lequeux | Maurice Zilber | Roy Gottlieb |  |
| 1980 | Detroit | Alain Lequeux | Olivier Douieb | Robert Sangster |  |
| 1981 | Kilmona | Yves Saint-Martin | Gérald Sauque | Mrs Léon Givaudan |  |
| 1982 | Grease | Cash Asmussen | François Boutin | Josephine Abercrombie |  |
| 1983 | Verria | Cash Asmussen | François Boutin | Peter Goulandris | 1:49.90 |
| 1984 | Ibadiyya \[a\] | Henri Samani | Alain de Royer-Dupré | Aga Khan IV | 1:50.30 |
| 1985 | Korveya | Cash Asmussen | François Boutin | Stavros Niarchos | 1:52.90 |
| 1986 | Fabulous Noble | Cash Asmussen | Jean de Roualle | André Ben Lassin | 1:55.00 |
| 1987 | Swept Away | Dominique Regnard | John Hammond | Sheikh Mohammed | 1:54.80 |
| 1988 | Athyka | Gary W. Moore | Criquette Head | Jacques Wertheimer | 1:55.34 |
| 1989 | Be Exclusive | Dominique Boeuf | André Fabre | J. S. Moss | 1:54.21 |
| 1990 | Gaelic Bird | William Mongil | François Doumen | Michael Smurfit | 1:56.92 |
| 1991 | La Carene | Éric Legrix | Pascal Bary | Ecurie I. M. Fares | 1:54.35 |
| 1992 | Formidable Flight | Éric Legrix | Pascal Bary | Ecurie I. M. Fares | 1:52.50 |
| 1993
*(dh)* | Holly Golightly
Rouquette | Tony Cruz
Alain Badel | Richard Hannon Sr.
Myriam Bollack-Badel | Victor Behrens
Tullio Attias | 1:38.59 |
| 1994 | Adaiyka | Gérald Mossé | Alain de Royer-Dupré | Aga Khan IV | 1:55.53 |
| 1995 | Garden Rose | Dominique Boeuf | Pascal Bary | Lady O'Reilly | 1:54.75 |
| 1996 | Khalisa | Gérald Mossé | Alain de Royer-Dupré | Aga Khan IV | 1:48.06 |
| 1997 | Golden Arches | Thierry Gillet | Philippe Demercastel | Ecurie Fabien Ouaki | 1:53.50 |
| 1998 | Khumba Mela | Olivier Peslier | André Fabre | Mrs Paul de Moussac | 1:56.40 |
| 1999 | Star of Akkar | Thierry Gillet | Jean-Claude Rouget | Marquesa de Moratalla | 1:52.80 |
| 2000 | Di Moi Oui | Sylvain Guillot | Pascal Bary | Grundy Bloodstock Ltd | 1:49.80 |
| 2001 | Prove | Thierry Thulliez | Maurice Zilber | Khalid Abdullah | 1:52.50 |
| 2002 | Walzerkoenigin | Andreas Suborics | Peter Schiergen | Gestüt Schlenderhan | 1:50.20 |
| 2003 | Acago | Olivier Peslier | Criquette Head-Maarek | Wertheimer et Frère | 1:48.10 |
| 2004 | Love and Bubbles | Ioritz Mendizabal | Robert Collet | Brendan Hayes | 1:51.10 |
| 2005 | Needlecraft | Thierry Jarnet | Henri-Alex Pantall | Sheikh Mohammed | 1:49.10 |
| 2006 | Sexy Lady \[b\] | Torsten Mundry | Peter Rau | Gestüt Ittlingen | 1:54.70 |
| 2007 | Utrecht | Stéphane Pasquier | André Fabre | Sheikh Mohammed | 1:47.10 |
| 2008 | Goldikova | Olivier Peslier | Freddy Head | Wertheimer et Frère | 1:34.90 |
| 2009 | Wilside | Olivier Peslier | Mikel Delzangles | Marquesa de Moratalla | 1:53.20 |
| 2010 | Lily of the Valley | Christophe Soumillon | Jean-Claude Rouget | Bernard Barsi | 1:51.40 |
| 2011 | Beatrice Aurore | Olivier Peslier | John Dunlop | Benny Andersson | 1:55.53 |
| 2012 | Ridasiyna | Christophe Lemaire | Mikel Delzangles | Aga Khan IV | 1:49.68 |
| 2013 | Sparkling Beam | Thierry Jarnet | Jonathan Pease | George Strawbridge | 1:50.79 |
| 2014 | Wunder | Adrie de Vries | Markus Klug | Gestut Gorlsdorf | 1:51.96 |
| 2015 | Wekeela | Jean-Bernard Eyquem | Jean-Claude Rouget | Daniel-Yves Treves | 1:50.50 |
| 2016 | War Flag | Christophe Soumillon | Jean-Claude Rouget | Joseph Allen | 1:48.68 |
| 2017 | Ibiza | Stéphane Pasquier | Nicolas Clement | V Timoshenko & A Milovanov | 1:52.39 |
| 2018 | Crown Walk | William Buick | Henri-Alex Pantall | Godolphin SNC | 1:52.14 |
| 2019 | Suphala | Pierre-Charles Boudot | André Fabre | Lady Bamford | 1:50.06 |
| 2020 | Not run due to the COVID-19 pandemic. | | | | | | | | |
| 2021 | Noticeable Grace | Mickael Barzalona | André Fabre | Prince Abdul Rahman al Faisal | 1:51.62 |
| 2022 | Tariyana | Stephane Pasquier | Francis-Henri Graffard | Aga Khan IV | 1:48.85 |
| 2023 | Araminta | Gérald Mossé | Henry Candy | St Albans Bloodstock, Acloque & Frost | 1:51.82 |

**a**  Reine Mathilde finished first in 1984, but she was placed second after a stewards' inquiry.
**b**  Mandesha was first in 2006, but she was relegated to last place following a stewards' inquiry.

## Earlier winners

* 1921: Durete
* 1922: Finetta
* 1923: Anna Bolena
* 1924: Fleet Cloud
* 1925: Our Gem
* 1926: Prosty
* 1927: Bachelette
* 1928: Roahouga
* 1929: Kantara
* 1930: Carinosa
* 1931: Riva Bella
* 1932: White Legend
* 1933: Arpette
* 1934: Mary Tudor
* 1935: Astronomie
* 1936: Blue Bear
* 1937: En Fraude
* 1938: Blue Star
* 1939: Canzoni
* 1940: Furane
* 1941: La Barka
* 1942: Guirlande
* 1943: Caravelle
* 1944: La Belle du Canet
* 1945: Bluette
* 1946: Pastourelle
* 1947: Djama
* 1948: Lutteuse
* 1949: L'Oasis
* 1950: Aglae Grace
* 1951: Stratonice
* 1952: Pareo
* 1953: Providence
* 1954: La Paix
* 1955: Myriade
* 1956: Hillsca
* 1957: Amabelle
* 1958: La Malivoye
* 1959: Iadwiga
* 1960: Diva
* 1961: Belle Shika
* 1962: Marmara
* 1963: Golden Girl
* 1964: Hildegarde
* 1965: Cover Girl
* 1966: Bubunia
* 1967: Modeste
* 1968: Felouque
* 1969: Glaneuse
* 1970: Prime Abord
* 1971: Pistol Packer
* 1972: La Troublerie
* 1973: Servanne
* 1974: Rose Bed
* 1975: Infra Green
* 1976: Rose of Stanbul
* 1977: Lillan

---

## InfoBox

Prix Chloé
| Group 3 race | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Chantilly Racecourse
Chantilly, France |
| Inaugurated | 1921 |
| Race type | Flat / Thoroughbred |
| Website | france-galop.com |
| Race information | |
| Distance | 1,800 metres (1⅛ miles) |
| Surface | Turf |
| Track | Right-handed |
| Qualification | Three-year-old fillies
excluding Group 1 winners |
| Weight | 56 kg
**Penalties**
2½ kg for Group 2 winners
1½ kg for Group 3 winners |
| Purse | €80,000 *(2016)*
**1st:** €40,000 |


title: Parancistrocerus perennis

abstract: Parancistrocerus perennis, or two-banded mason wasp, is a species of stinging wasp in the family Vespidae. The species is native to the eastern parts of North America.

text:
# Parancistrocerus perennis

***Parancistrocerus perennis**,* or two-banded mason wasp, is a species of stinging wasp in the family Vespidae. The species is native to the eastern parts of North America.

## Subspecies

These two subspecies belong to the species *Parancistrocerus perennis*:

* *Parancistrocerus perennis anacardivora* (Rohwer, 1915)
* *Parancistrocerus perennis perennis*

## InfoBox

| *Parancistrocerus perennis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Vespidae |
| Genus: | *Parancistrocerus* |
| Species: | ***P. perennis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Parancistrocerus perennis***<br>(de Saussure, 1857) | |
|


title: Sharon Farber

abstract: Sharon Farber is an Israeli composer. She was born in Bat Yam, Israel.

text:
# Sharon Farber

**Sharon Farber** is an Israeli composer. She was born in Bat Yam, Israel.

## Early career

Farber began her musical career at the age of seven, as a classical pianist. After graduating from Thelma-Yelin High School for the Arts, she served in the Israel Defense Forces, and later worked as a theater composer and musical director in Israel. She won the first prize in Colors in Dance in 1992 for her music for choreography. In 1994, she moved to Boston, USA, upon receiving a scholarship from Berklee College of Music. During her studies, she won the first prize in the yearly Professional Writing Division Concert with her first string quartet. After graduating *summa cum laude* in 1997 (majoring in both classical composition and film scoring) she moved to Los Angeles to begin her professional career. Miss Farber was the recipient of the prestigious Academy of Television Arts and Sciences Internship in Film Scoring, as well as the mentorship program of the Society of Composers and Lyricists, on which she currently serves as a board member. Farber's first professional work in Los Angeles was orchestrating and writing additional music for composer Shirley Walker.

## Film and television music

In the film and TV industry, Farber has been working with companies such as NBC (TV series *Starting Over* and *Passions*), Showtime (*In A Class Of His Own*, *Call Me Sirr*, and WB (*Superman & Batman*), as well as writing music for independent features and other projects. She won the Telly Award in 1998 for best score for the docu-drama series *California 2000* and her work can also be heard at the Museum of Sacramento, as part of the museum's permanent exhibition. Her orchestral score for *When Nietzsche Wept*, was released October 2008, and she has recently completed the score for *Folie a Deux*.

## Concert music

Farber has been writing concert and choir music in parallel to her film-scoring career, and has many international premieres and performances to her credit. Such performances include *The Third Mother/Mothers’ Lament*, in memory of slain reporter Daniel Pearl, which was world premiered by the Los Angeles Master Chorale, under the direction of Grant Gershon, and won her the First Prize in the Cincinnati Camerata Composition Competition in 2007. *ASHKINA*, featuring Omar Faruk Tekbilek, premiered in New York, October 2004, and has had many performances since. Her commissioned piece *Translucent Rocks* was premiered by Israeli Chamber Orchestra in October 2007. She was announced Composer in Residence of the 2009 Beverly Hills International Music Festival, and her film music has been featured time and again on "From Stage To Cinema" concerts. Her concerto for cello, orchestra and narrator has been performed many times and toured the Pacific Northwest with cellist Amit Peled and Maestro Yaniv Attar.

### Works

* *Bestemming* \- For cello, orchestra and narrator, based on the like of Holocaust survivor and hero of the Dutch resistance, Curt Lowens. Premiered at SABAN theater in Los Angeles, 2014. Commissioned by the Glendale Philharmonic and cellist Ruslan Buryikov.
* *Children of Lights - commissioned and premiered by the National Children Chorus.*
* *Mothers’ Lament/ The Third Mother* \- A Capella work, which was world premiered by the Los Angeles Master Chorale on their Opening Season Concert, September 2002, at the Dorothy Chandler pavilion, Los Angeles. Published by Roger Dean Music Publishing.
* *My Beloved* \- Commission for a new work for women’s choir and chamber ensemble, premiered in Israel, December 2004.
* *From Stage to Cinema concert #1 & 2* \- Featured composer at a concert series of Film Music arranged for Oboe Quartet, with Tom Boyd, Oboe, and Marcelo Secena, piano
* Israel Chamber Orchestra commission: *"Translucent Rocks"*, which opened up the 2007-20088 Orchestra’s Season, October 2007
* *Piano Ballad* \- Commissioned by pianist Hagai Yodan. Premiered in Israel, June 2007
* *To Always Remember* \- A song cycle for Soprano & piano, Premiered 2005 in Berlin, Germany, and had its Los Angeles soprano and Chamber Ensemble version premier May 29, 2007.
* *Foundation for Universal Sacred Music* \- Commission for a Chamber orchestra and Choir work, premiered in New York, October 2004, with repeated performances in NY and Boston
* *Keshet Chaim (Rainbow of Life) Dance Ensemble* \- Composed and produced music for the ensemble’s event
* *The Jewish Symphony Orchestra* \- Commission to compose a new work for the orchestra. Premiered at the "Women Composers Concert", 2004, Los Angeles
* *Time* \- A song cycle for Soprano & piano, premiered in May 2004 in Beverly Hills, California

## Filmography

* *California 2000*  (1996-2000, docudrama series)
* *The Golden - State Museum Project* (1997)
* *Meaner Than Sin* (1997)
* *Alien Episode* (1997)
* *Silicon Towers* (1998)
* *The Cowboy and the Movie Star* (1998)
* *Superman*  (1998-1999, animated series)
* *No Regrets* (1999)
* *Paulie Charmed The Sleeping Woman* (1999)
* *The Yup - Yup Man* (1999)
* *Starting Over* (1999)
* *In a Class of His Own* (1999)
* *Call Me Sirr*  (2000)
* *The Brother's Grim* (2001)
* *Runnin’ at Midnite* (2002)
* *Final Draft* (2003)
* *Father's Day* (2004)
* *Passions* ( 2004)
* *Starting Over* (2004-2006)
* *When Nietzsche Wept* (2007)
* *In Twilight's Shadow* (2007)
* *Folie a Deux* (2008)


title: Matt Perrella

abstract: Matthew "Matt" Perrella is an American soccer player who plays as a goalkeeper for Florida Tropics in the Major Arena Soccer League.

text:
# Matt Perrella

**Matthew "Matt" Perrella** (born October 6, 1991) is an American soccer player who plays as a goalkeeper for Florida Tropics in the Major Arena Soccer League.

## Career

After playing four years of collegiate soccer at Division I Rider University, Perrella went on to get his Master's from Durham University in England. While playing for non-league side Durham City A.F.C., he was scouted by Newcastle United F.C. when Durham played the Newcastle United Reserves and won 2–0 with Perrella keeping a clean sheet in an outstanding performance. This led to trials with Newcastle United F.C. in England, Udinese Calcio in Italy, LB Châteauroux in France, FK Daugava Rīga in Latvia and APOEL FC in Cyprus. In the United States, Perrella spent time with the Carolina Railhawks (now North Carolina FC) and Sporting Kansas City. Perrella's European tour came to an end when he was denied of dual citizenship (US/France) and returned to the US.

In 2013, Perrella signed with Jacksonville Armada FC at the start of the clubs franchise. After making zero appearances in four months, Perrella left for Sporting Kansas City.

In 2016, Perrella signed with Bethlehem Steel FC. Perrella also had previous stints with Carolina Railhawks of the NASL and New Jersey Copa SC of the NPSL On May 1, 2017, Steel FC announced that they and Perrella had mutually parted ways, with Perrella not making an appearance during the 2017 season.

On May 14, 2017, Perella signed with Jacksonville Armada FC on a one match loan to provide goalkeeping cover.

On August 10, 2017, Perella signed with Pittsburgh Riverhounds of the USL on a contract for the remainder of the season. He was intended as a replacement for Keasel Broome, who had to undergo season-ending wrist surgery. Perrella's contract expired at the end of the season and was not renewed by the Riverhounds. He made eight appearances during his short spell with the club.

In 2018 Perella played with NPSL side Atlantic City FC and was the Keystone Conference goalkeeper of the year.

Perella joined the Drexel Dragons women's team coaching staff on April 12, 2019. He also joined the staff of USL League Two's Ocean City Nor'easters in the summer of 2019.

Perella was signed by Utica City FC of the MASL on May 30, 2019.

After appearing in just one game for Utica in the 2019–20 season, Perrella signed with the Rochester Lancers in October 2020. Now he coaches a local soccer team in Washington Township team.

Perrella was named head coach of the Camden County College Cougars in July 2021.

In July 2023, Perrella was promoted to head coach for the Ocean City Nor'easters.

Perrella also joined the staff of the Saint Joseph's Hawks men's soccer team in 2023.

## InfoBox

Matt Perrella
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Matthew Perrella | | |
| Date of birth | (1991-10-06) October 6, 1991 | | |
| Place of birth | North Brunswick, New Jersey, United States | | |
| Height | 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | New Jersey Copa | | |
| College career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Rider Broncs |  |  |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Durham City |  |  |
| 2013 | Jacksonville Armada | 0 | (0) |
| 2014 | Carolina Railhawks | 0 | (0) |
| 2015 | New Jersey Copa | 8 | (0) |
| 2015 | Syracuse Silver Knights (indoor) | 1 | (0) |
| 2016 | Bethlehem Steel | 4 | (0) |
| 2017 | Jacksonville Armada | 0 | (0) |
| 2017 | Pittsburgh Riverhounds | 8 | (0) |
| 2018 | Atlantic City FC | 8 | (0) |
| 2018–2019 | Harrisburg Heat (indoor) | 12 | (0) |
| 2019–2020 | Utica City (indoor) | 1 | (0) |
| 2020–2021 | Rochester Lancers (indoor) | 0 | (0) |
| 2021–2022 | Milwaukee Wave (indoor) | 13 | (0) |
| 2022–2023 | Florida Tropics (indoor) | 0 | (0) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 2018 | Matabeleland (assistant) | | |
| 2019 | Drexel Dragons women (assistant) | | |
| 2019–2022 | Ocean City Nor'easters (assistant) | | |
| 2020 | Camden County Cougars (assistant) | | |
| 2021–2022 | Camden County Cougars | | |
| 2023– | Ocean City Nor'easters | | |
| 2023– | Saint Joseph's Hawks (assistant) | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of January 10, 2024 | | | |


title: Premikulu

abstract: Premikulu is a 2005 Indian Telugu-language romantic drama film directed by B. Jaya and starring Yuvaraj and Kamna Jethmalani.

text:
# Premikulu

***Premikulu*** (transl.Lovers) is a 2005 Indian Telugu-language romantic drama film directed by B. Jaya and starring Yuvaraj and Kamna Jethmalani.

## Plot

Chandu and Vennela fall in love against their parents' wishes, so they jump from the top of a building. They both lose their memory of each other. How they reunite forms the rest of the plot.

## Cast

## Production

The film is produced by magazine editor BA Raju, who also produced the films *Premalo Pavani Kalyan* (2002) and *Chantigadu* (2003; also directed by Jaya). The film began production in January of 2005. Newcomer Yuvaraj, a Telugu guy from Mumbai, and Kamna Jethmalani made their debut with this film. Kamna Jethmalani was cast in the film after director Jaya convinced Jethmalani's parents to let her star in the film. The music is composed by Raveendran's son, Sajan.

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Sajan Madhav. The audio rights were bagged by Aditya Music.

## Reception

Jeevi of *Idlebrain.com* wrote that "On a whole, *Premikulu* \- made with a novel point - does not live it up". A critic from *Rediff.com* wrote that "Despite choosing a plot with some potential (lovers failing to identify themselves due to amnesia), she \[Jaya\] is unable to hold an audience with interesting narration, relying on clichéd comedy instead". A critic from *Full Hyderabad* wrote that "Eminently worth a miss, and if it's the songs you want to watch it for, there are always the cassettes and CDs".

## InfoBox

| Premikulu | |
| --- | --- |
| Official poster | |
| Directed by | B. Jaya |
| Written by | B. Jaya
Ganesh Ravuri
Veligonda Srinivas (dialogues) |
| Produced by | BA Raju |
| Starring | Yuvaraj
Kamna Jethmalani |
| Cinematography | Vijaya Sri |
| Music by | Sajan |
| Release date | * 4 August 2005 (2005-08-04) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Telugu |


title: Pseudonebularia rotundilirata

abstract: Pseudonebularia rotundilirata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Mitridae, the miters or miter snails.

text:
# Pseudonebularia rotundilirata

***Pseudonebularia rotundilirata*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Mitridae, the miters or miter snails.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudonebularia rotundilirata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Mitroidea |
| Family: | Mitridae |
| Subfamily: | Mitrinae |
| Genus: | *Pseudonebularia* |
| Species: | ***P. rotundilirata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudonebularia rotundilirata***<br>(Reeve, 1844) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Mitra rotundilirata* Reeve, 1844 | |