title: Nuclearelectrica

abstract:
SN "Nuclearelectrica" S.A. (SNN) is a partially state-owned Romanian nuclear energy company incorporated in 1998 by the reorganization of RENEL. The company is under the authority of the Ministry of Energy, and the state has 82.49% of the shares and other shareholders - 17.50% after listing the company at the stock exchange in 2013. The field of activity of Nuclearelectrica is the manufacture of electricity, thermal energy and nuclear fuel. Nuclearelectrica is the only producer of nuclear energy in Romania. The company has two branches:
  - CNE Cernavodă branch, operates Units 1 and 2 at CNE Cernavoda and auxiliary services;
  - The Nuclear Fuel Plant (FCN) of Pitești. SNN also has 100% of the shares of project company Energonuclear, incorporated in order to implement the project for Units 3 and 4 of CNE Cernavodă. The Cernavodă Nuclear Power Plant was designed with an initial profile of five reactors with Canadian technology, of CANDU type, with installed power of approximately 700 MW each. Until now, 2 units have been built. Unit 1, which became commercially operational in 1996, and Unit 2, which became commercially operational in 2007, collectively ensure approximately 18% of the energy necessities of the country. The power plant began construction during the Nicolae Ceaușescu era and had several delays for various reasons. There are often proposals to finish construction of the partially built units 3, 4 and 5 either in cooperation with Candu Energy or some other pressurized heavy water reactor manufacturer. A contract between Candu Energy and EnergoNuclear, a partially owned subsidiary of Nuclearelectrica set up in 2009 to determine the future of Cernavodă units 3 and 4, to finish construction of those reactors was finally signed in late 2021. The nuclear fuel plant Pitești FCN manufactures nuclear fuel bundles of type CANDU 6 that are necessary for the operation and production of electricity in Units 1 and 2 at Cernavodă, and in the future by doubling the production capacity, it will provide nuclear fuel also for units 3 and 4. By the Resolution of the General Assembly of Shareholders of SNN of November 2013, the termination of the works at Unit 5 as a nuclear unit and changing its destination in order to use the existing structures in other activities of SNN. The development of Units 3 and 4 of CNE Cernavodă is part of the energy strategy of Romania until 2030, with year 2050 as a reference, and from the National Integrated Plan in the Field of Energy and Climate Change, as nuclear energy represents a pillar of decarbonization and ensuring the energy independence of Romania. Also, SNN is implementing the project of refurbishing Unit 1, a project which involves the extension of the lifecycle of the unit by another 30 years, under the same nuclear safety conditions.

text:
# Nuclearelectrica

**SN "Nuclearelectrica" S.A. (SNN)** is a partially state-owned Romanian nuclear energy company incorporated in 1998 by the reorganization of RENEL. The company is under the authority of the Ministry of Energy, and the state has 82.49% of the shares and other shareholders - 17.50% after listing the company at the stock exchange in 2013.

The field of activity of Nuclearelectrica is the manufacture of electricity, thermal energy and nuclear fuel. Nuclearelectrica is the only producer of nuclear energy in Romania.

The company has two branches:

* CNE Cernavodă branch, operates Units 1 and 2 at CNE Cernavoda and auxiliary services;
* The Nuclear Fuel Plant (FCN) of Pitești.

SNN also has 100% of the shares of project company Energonuclear, incorporated in order to implement the project for Units 3 and 4 of CNE Cernavodă.

The Cernavodă Nuclear Power Plant was designed with an initial profile of five reactors with Canadian technology, of CANDU type, with installed power of approximately 700 MW each. Until now (December 2020), 2 units have been built. Unit 1, which became commercially operational in 1996, and Unit 2, which became commercially operational in 2007, collectively ensure approximately 18% of the energy necessities of the country. The power plant began construction during the Nicolae Ceaușescu era and had several delays for various reasons. There are often proposals to finish construction of the partially built units 3, 4 and 5 either in cooperation with Candu Energy (current owner of CANDU technology patents and marketing rights) or some other pressurized heavy water reactor manufacturer. A contract between Candu Energy and EnergoNuclear, a partially owned subsidiary of Nuclearelectrica set up in 2009 to determine the future of Cernavodă units 3 and 4, to finish construction of those reactors was finally signed in late 2021.

The nuclear fuel plant Pitești FCN manufactures nuclear fuel bundles of type CANDU 6 that are necessary for the operation and production of electricity in Units 1 and 2 at Cernavodă, and in the future by doubling the production capacity, it will provide nuclear fuel also for units 3 and 4.

By the Resolution of the General Assembly of Shareholders of SNN of November 2013, the termination of the works at Unit 5 as a nuclear unit and changing its destination in order to use the existing structures in other activities of SNN.

The development of Units 3 and 4 of CNE Cernavodă is part of the energy strategy of Romania until 2030, with year 2050 as a reference, and from the National Integrated Plan in the Field of Energy and Climate Change, as nuclear energy represents a pillar of decarbonization and ensuring the energy independence of Romania.

Also, SNN is implementing the project of refurbishing Unit 1, a project which involves the extension of the lifecycle of the unit by another 30 years, under the same nuclear safety conditions.

## Timeline

* 1976 Completion of the Romanian-Canadian feasibility study for the CANDU system in Romania
* 1982: Pouring the first batch of concrete at the Unit 1 reactor building
* July 1990: First PRE-OSART mission at CNE Cernavodă of the International Atomic Energy Agency - IAEA in Vienna
* August 1991: Concluding the management contract for completing Unit 1 with the AECL-ANSALDO (AAC) Consortium
* May–June 1995: Loading Unit 1 with nuclear fuel
* 16 April 1996: First criticality of the Unit 1 reactor
* 11 July 1996: First connection to the national electricity system of Unit 1 of CNE Cernavodă
* 2 December 1996: Unit 1 of CNE Cernavodă becomes commercially operational
* 30 June 1997: Full transfer of the responsibility to the managers and the operation of Unit 1 from AAC to Romanian personnel
* 2 July 1998: Incorporation of "Societatea Nationala Nuclearelectrica S.A". (Government Resolution no. 365/1998; Official Journal 246/03.07.1998)
* 18 May 2001: Signing the contract with AECL Canada and Ansaldo Nucleare for Unit 2
* 12 September 2007: The reactor of Unit 2 at CNE Cernavodă reached the nominal power for the first time, within the start-up tests
* 26 September 2007: Operation for 10 days at nominal power
* 28 September 2007: Delivering the management of Unit 2 to SN Nuclearelectrica SA
* 5 October 2007: Official launch of Unit 2
* November 2010: Obtaining the approval of the European Commission for the project of Units 3 and 4, in virtue of the Euratom Treaty.
* 29 November 2011: 15 years of commercial operation of Unit 1 of the nuclear power station of Cernavodă
* November 2013: Listing of SNN at the Bucharest Stock Exchange
* November 2021: signed with NuScale a contract partnership for building the first small nuclear reactors.

## CNE Cernavodă Units 1 and 2

Units 1 and 2 of CNE Cernavodă use CANDU technology.

CNE Cernavodă Units 1-5

The CANDU reactor consumes natural uranium, using heavy nuclear water (isotopic content over 99.75% D2O) as moderator and cooling agent, in two independent, separate, closed-circuit systems.

In the 4 steam generators, the heat in the primary circuit is taken over by the light water from the secondary circuit, by turning it into saturated steam. It expands in the turbine formed from a medium pressure body and 3 low pressure bodies, producing the mechanical energy required to actuate the electric generator.

On exiting the turbine, by extracting the residual heat with the help of cooling water taken from the Danube, the steam is condensed. The circuit is resumed by repumping the condensate in order to supply the steam generators.

In 2019, the two units of CNE Cernavodă produced 11,280,166 MWh. Unit 1 recorded a capacity factor of 93.86% and Unit 2 - 89.16%.

With a capacity factor of 91.6% since it became operational, Romania, with two operating nuclear units, is 1st in the world.

## Pitești Nuclear Fuel Plant

The Nuclear Fuel Plant is located near Mioveni, approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Pitești.

CANDU fuel is easier to produce than that of many other reactor types as the improved neutron economy of the heavy water moderator allows the use of natural uranium without enrichment. Unlike uranium enrichment plants, a CANDU fuel plant does not produce depleted uranium as waste.

The production of CANDU nuclear fuel started in 1980, by starting up the pilot station as a fuel section within the Nuclear Research Institute (ICN) of Pitești. The Nuclear Fuel Plant was separated as a distinct entity in 1992.

In 1994, the Nuclear Fuel Plant (FCN) was authorized by AECL and Zircatec Precision Industries Inc. (Canada) as a manufacturer of CANDU 6 nuclear fuel.

In 2004–2006, with low investments, FCN Pitești doubled its production capacity in order to ensure the necessary fuel for operating two units at CNE Cernavodă.

In 2007, FCN obtained the TUV EN ISO 14001:2004 certificate for the environment management system.

Annually, FCN Pitești manufactures approximately 10,800 nuclear fuel bundles.

FCN Pitești can provide consultancy, technical support and various equipment to the companies interested in transferring nuclear fuel manufacturing technology.

## Cernavodă Units 3 and 4

Units 3 and 4 have been under conservation already since 1992. Total completion rate: approximately 15% at Unit 3 and 14% at Unit 4, consisting in civil works at the reactor building, turbine building and service building.

CNE Cernavodă Units 3 and 4

By Government Resolution no. 643/2007, the Government of Romania approved the strategy for attracting investors for building Units 3 and 4 of CNE Cernavodă, including the schedule for incorporating the new company that is responsible for completing the project. After submitting the tenders, 6 companies were selected for the implementation of the project, and each investor obtained a percentage from the total number of shares, proportional to the invested capital: Nuclearelectrica (51%), ArcelorMittal Romania (6.2%), ČEZ Czech Republic (9.15%), GDF SUEZ Belgium (9.15%), ENEL Italy (9.15%), Iberdrola Spain (6.2%) and RWE Power Germany (9.15%).

On 29 March 2009, the project company was incorporated under the name SC EnergoNuclear SA with the Trade Register of Romania, and the management team was appointed. EnergoNuclear is a company with public-private capital.

In November 2010, the European Commission issued a positive opinion on the project, according to the provisions of Art. 41 of the EURATOM treaty, which confirms the application of the technical and nuclear security criteria in force on EU level.

In May 2012, CNCAN issued a Comfort Letter whereby it stipulated that the project can be authorized;

In September 2012, the Feasibility Study of the project was finished, revealing the fact that the project is technically and economically feasible;

On 25 September 2013, the Resolution on the issuance of the environment approval for project "Continuing the works for building and completing Units 3 and 4 of CNE Cernavodă" was approved.

In 2011, investors GDF SUEZ, CEZ, RWE and Iberdrola withdrew from the project, and substantiated their decision by the necessity of focusing on investments in their countries of origin, because of the economic crisis.

After the remaining shareholders (ENEL and ArcelorMittal) exercised their option to withdraw from the project in December 2013, SN Nuclearelectrica SA is the sole shareholder of project company EnergoNuclear SA.

On 22 August 2014, the General Assembly of Shareholders of SNN approved the Strategy for continuing the Project of Units 3 and 4 of CNE Cernavodă by launching a competitive procedure for selecting a private investor (PI) in order to incorporate a company, namely a joint venture. The procedure was launched on 27 August 2014, and the first stage, the qualification one, ended on 9 September 2014, with the qualification of investor China General Nuclear Power Corporation. CGN was appointed as the selected investor on 17 October 2014 by signing a Common Letter regarding the Intention to Implement the Project.

On 22 October 2015, the shareholders of SNN approved in the General Assembly of Shareholders the signing of the Memorandum of Understanding on the development, building, operation and decommissioning of Units 3 and 4 of CNE Cernavodă, which was signed by the parties on 9 November 2015. On 8 May 2019, SNN and its selected partner CGN signed the Investors' Agreement in preliminary form, a prior step before the incorporation of the project company responsible for the implementation of the project. The term of the joint venture will be 2 years.

At the General Assembly of Shareholders of SNN of 12 June 2020, the topics of the agenda proposed by the majority shareholder, the Ministry of Economy, Energy and Business Environment, were approved, namely:

1. Repealing of the "Strategy for the continuation of the Units 3 and 4 Project from Cernavodă NPP by organizing an investor selection procedure" (2014) and of the "Revised strategy for the continuation of the Units 3 and 4 Project from Cernavodă NPP by organizing an investor selection procedure" (2018).

2. Authorizing the SNN Board of Directors to initiate the procedures/steps/actions regarding the termination of negotiations with CGN, as well as the termination of the legal effects (by agreement of the parties, denunciation, etc.) of the following documents: "Memorandum of Understanding on the development, construction, operation and decommissioning of Units 3 and 4 of CNE Cernavodă (MoU) and (ii) Investor Agreement in preliminary form".

3. Mandating the Board of Directors of the SNN to initiate the necessary steps for the analysis and crystallization of strategic options for the construction of new nuclear power generation capacities.

Regarding future actions, namely the actions that are necessary for continuing the Project of Units 3 and 4, according to the obligations related to the status of listed company and of the Articles of Incorporation, SNN will inform and propose for its shareholders' vote any such actions, in the full transparency of the manner of managing the responsibilities of the statutory bodies of SNN.

Units 3 and 4 will increase the contribution of nuclear energy to the national energy system on the level of 2030, by using the existing capabilities and capitalizing the operating experience and the capability of the industry.

Following the termination of the previous round of negotiations, Romania and US have initialized the Intergovernmental Agreement for cooperation to develop the civil nuclear sector in Romania in October 2020, including Cernavodă NPP Unit 3 and 4 Project. Based on official governmental statements, the Project is to be developed under a Euro-Atlantic consortium, including US, Canada and France support. This important project will double Romania's nuclear capacity in order to meet increasing power demand, enhance security of supply and reach climate change targets. The Project is contemplated by the all scenarios of "Romania’s Energy Strategy until 2030, with the perspective of 2050", as well as in the "National Integrated Plan in the field of Energy and Climate Change (PNIESC) 2021-2030". Unit 3 has to be operational by 2030, and Unit 4 soon after 2030.

## Nuclear safety

At CNE Cernavodă nuclear safety is priority 1. There were no incidents or events that would affect nuclear safety at CNE Cernavoda.

Nuclear security as a field is a set of technical and organizational measures designed to:

\- Ensure the operation of nuclear installations under safety conditions;

\- To prevent and limit their damage;

\- To ensure the protection of the personnel, the population and the environment against radiation or radioactive contamination

The nuclear security philosophy of CANDU 6 nuclear power stations is based on these considerations. This philosophy is based on three fundamental principles, namely:

1. The in-depth protection principle, which consists of reaching a high level of technical performance and nuclear security, by raising multiple physical barriers against releases of radioactivity in the environment (the nuclear fuel matrix; the fuel element sheath; the under-pressure chamber of the primary circuit: the envelope system; the exclusion area).

2. The ALARA principle, whose objectives must ensure the protection of the operating personnel, the population and the environment, by setting and maintaining adequate protection against radiological risks.

3. The grouping and separating principle. The grouping the systems with security functions into two groups was approved within the project of the power plant in order to ensure the protection of CNE against common-cause events which would cause large destructions in the nuclear power station, at the same time.

## Environmental protection

The environment monitoring programs aim to control emissions and verify the compliance with the limits and requirements imposed by the regulation and control authorities, both radiologically and conventionally (non-radiologically).

The Nuclear Power Plant has implemented, starting with the commissioning of Unit 1, an environmental radioactivity monitoring program, based on the requirements of the national legislation and internationally validated practices in the nuclear industry. In compliance with international practices, the plant built and fitted its own Environmental Radioactivity Control Laboratory and established a network of sampling points or positioning continuous monitoring stations, in different locations within a radius of 30 km around the plant.

CNE Cernavodă daily analyzes the following sample types: air (particles under the form of aerosols, iodine, water vapors), soil, sediment, atmospheric deposits, food samples (milk, fish, pork, beef and chicken, vegetables, fruits, eggs, cereals) surface water, drinking water, groundwater, rainwater, infiltration water from the Cernavodă area, and publishes the results at the information centers and information panels in the city.

Measurements of the external gamma dose are also carried out. A network of 62 monitoring points with thermal-luminescent dosimeters for the measurement of the gamma dose has been established around the power plant and across an area with a radius of 30 km. Gamma spectrometry analyzes, global beta analyzes and specific assays for the detection of tritium and C-14 are carried out through liquid scintillation spectrometry. Food samples for the analysis are procured from local producers or from the agri-food market in Cernavoda, Seimeni, Medgidia, Satu Nou. The results of the environment's radiological monitoring are compared with the results of the pre-operational environmental monitoring program carried out in the period 1984 – 1996. Up to now no changes in the radioactivity of the environment in the area of Cernavodă city have been detected, in relation to the period prior to the commissioning of the nuclear unit.

## Refurbishment of Unit 1 of Cernavodă NPP

Any nuclear unit has a limited lifetime, set by the project. For units with CANDU technology, the lifetime designed is 210.000 hours of operation at rated power, which, at a capacity factor of 80%, translates into an economic operational use lifecycle of approximately 30 years. The main components and structures that are limiting the lifetime are fuel channels, feeders and the envelope of the nuclear reactor.

Given the major costs of building new large production units, by using nuclear technology, the refurbishing alternative is attractive for the owner of a nuclear unit. The main advantage of such an option is that, at the end of the refurbishing, the owner is in possession of a nuclear unit that is capable of operating at the project parameters for another lifecycle (25–30 years), at costs of approximately 40% of the costs incurred with building a new similar unit. Additionally, refurbishing is more advantageous than building a new unit as the necessary duration for the actual refurbishing works is shorter, estimated, based on the information available at the moment, between 24 and 30 months.

The refurbishing of Unit 1 is a complex project started in 2013, with an allocated project budget and team.

Extending the number of hours of initial operation of Unit 1 involves, first of all, the drafting of studies and analyses, showing how many hours of nominal power the unit can reach, by fully complying with the nuclear security requirements and norms.

A longer operation period has positive effects on the preparation and performance of the refurbishing works by:

· extending the duration for the company to accumulate the necessary funds for the project;

· better project preparation and better organization of the works to be performed during the stoppage.

Unit 1 will be refurbished in 3 stages:

| Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| · the project organization activities - the organizational and logistic modifications will be operated at the beginning of 2018 · the process of completing the support documents which are necessary for preparing the Feasibility Study, including its drafting and submittal for approval by the shareholders, in 2021
· the necessary activities for operating Unit 1 for a period of 30 years, based on the study performed by Candu Energy | · preparing the engineering packages regarding the project modifications · procuring the equipment and components with long manufacturing cycle
· awarding the Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) Contract
· obtaining from CNCAN the authorization for starting the refurbishing works. | Stopping the unit and the actual refurbishing of the unit, scheduled to take place between December 2026 and December 2028, given that the project is implemented in its currently estimated minimum term of 24 months |

## Electricity sales

As a producer of energy on the electricity market of Romania, SN Nuclearelectrica SA sells on the wholesale market the energy produced by the two units of CNE Cernavodă.

On the competition-based market, sales are done in compliance with the requirements of Law no. 123/2012 on electricity and natural gas, based on public and non-discriminatory offers, awarded through tenders organized by OPCOM (Romanian Electricity and Gas Market Operator).

Nuclearelectrica sells energy on the following markets:

· On the regulated market - the prices and quantities are set by ANRE. In 2019, SNN sold 1,377 GWh on the regulated market at the price of 188.33 RON/MWh (without Tg), according to ANRE Resolution no. 326/February 25, 2019

· On the competition market by energy sale-purchase contracts on the markets managed by the market operator OPCOM S.A.: mainly PCCB – LE and PCCB - NC (centralized market for bilateral electricity contracts with the method trading contracts by extended tender procedures and the method of trading contracts according to which contracts are distributed by continuous negotiations), PZU (following-day market) and PCSU (universal service centralized market).

· On the Balancing market administered by Transelectrica, in case of positive unbalance;

· Through negotiated sale-purchase contracts. Nuclearelectrica has only one such contract concluded with Transelectrica in the quality of captive consumer for the consumption of the Cernavodă 400 kV station (approximately 1.000 MWh/year).

## Local community

The acceptance degree of nuclear energy in Romania is high, especially for new investment projects (Units 3 and 4 - 75%, refurbishing of Unit 1 - 68%), as Romanians believe that the low price of nuclear energy and the energy independence of Romania are the most important advantages of nuclear energy.

Saint Mary bridge built over the Danube - Black Sea canal

Nuclearelectrica has gotten involved in increasing the life quality of the people of Cernavoda, by the emergency social program for the improvement of living conditions for Cernavoda and for the construction and operating personnel of the plant.

The works indicated in the legislative act are performed as complementary works to the project "Cernavoda Nuclear Power Station 5 x 700 MWh" and are transferred, without payment to the beneficiary indicated in the legislative act.

At the end of 2008, 11 important projects were completed and commissioned to the beneficiary, the local community. Currently, one project is in progress.

Completed and received works:

1.1 Food store at the location of the nuclear power station

1.2 Kindergarten

1.3 Drinking water station (pumping and treatment)

1.4 Modernization of intersections and streets

1.5 Central heating networks

1.6 "Saint Mary" bridge for the access of cars to the Cernavoda station and to the Fetesti-Cernavoda Highway, over the Danube - Black Sea canal

1.7 Energy High School of Cernavoda

1.8 Hospital with 100 beds and a polyclinic in Cernavoda

1.9 Station for the purification of used and residual water

1.10 Four drinking water fountains

1.11 Apartment complex

In progress:

1.1 Training and recreational center for youth and children in Cernavoda. Until now, the location has been prepared in order to start the construction works.

SNN is also implementing an intense corporate social responsibility program. In 2019, a budget of RON 10,000,000 was allocated for social projects, which impacted 2,000,000 Romanians.

The RSC policy of SNN has the purpose the establishment of strategic orientation and priority directions of its involvement in philanthropic-type actions, charitable and humanitarian for the benefit of the community, in areas nearby nuclear objectives operated by SNN (Cernavoda and Pitesti), as well as nationwide. SNN considers that durable development of the company and the sustainability of its long-term development points are strongly connected with the development, education, information, acceptance and public support before the nuclear energy in Romania. Thus, investing a share of the annual profit of SNN in RSC actions constitutes an integral part of the development strategy of the company for 2015–2025.

RSC objectives:

· Creating and supporting a sustainable business model, with responsible management and global policies adapted to local issues;

· Increasing the level of confidence and support for SNN's business model;

· Addressing the real issues of the community;

· Starting the change we want to see in the Romanian society;

· Development of relations with the local community, NGOs, opinion leaders;

· Attracting young specialists;

· Increasing the level of acceptance for the use of nuclear energy in Romania and for SNN's investment projects;

· Alignment to RSC international standards and good practices practiced by the companies;

## InfoBox

Nuclearelectrica S.A.
|
|  |
|
| Company type | Majority state owned company - 82,49% owned by the Romania state through the Ministry of Energy, 17.50% other shareholders |
| Traded as | BVB: SNN |
| Industry | Electricity |
| Founded | 1998 (1998) |
| Headquarters | Bucharest, Romania |
| Number of employees | 2200 |
| Website | www.nuclearelectrica.ro |


title: Pemberton, Virginia

abstract: Pemberton is an unincorporated community in Goochland County, Virginia, United States. Virginia State Route 45 passes by Pemberton, located about 11 miles (18 km) west of Goochland, the county seat. It was named for the family that owned Clover Forest Plantation. Nearby is Howard's Neck Plantation, listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

text:
# Pemberton, Virginia

**Pemberton** is an unincorporated community in Goochland County, Virginia, United States. Virginia State Route 45 passes by Pemberton, located about 11 miles (18 km) west of Goochland, the county seat. It was named for the family that owned Clover Forest Plantation. Nearby is Howard's Neck Plantation, listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## History

This hamlet was named for the owners of Clover Forest Plantation. The settlement overlooks the James River and was once a hub of rural trading activity. A dam and canal lock were built on the James at Pemberton to enable passage by boats. The lock lowered boats from the Kanawha Canal into the James River just below Cartersville, Cumberland County, Virginia and connected with Tamworth, Virginia and its mill. Trade moved from the Cartersville port and Willis River downriver on the James.

Pemberton became connected to other markets via the Cartersville-Fredericksburg State Road, that began in Cartersville, crossed the James, and continued northward. The Cartersville Bridge, built across the James River in 1824, connected Cartersville and Pemberton; it was the first James River bridge built in Goochland County. At the time, all other river crossings were by ferry.

In the late 1800s the Richmond and Alleghany Railroad (later the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, and currently CSX) was built through the area along the tow path of the abandoned Kanawha Canal. Pemberton was one of the railroad stops. Trains arrived in the village daily, carrying passengers and mail.

By the early 1920s the rural village of Pemberton consisted of a large combined general store and post office, a lumber mill and pulp yards. Prominent Goochland County residents living in Pemberton included William Henry (Bill) Hall, a veteran of the American Civil War; and Bland Selden Hobson, the only Goochland woman known to have served overseas in World War I.

## InfoBox

| Pemberton, Virginia | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| PembertonPemberton | |
| Coordinates: 37°40′29″N 78°05′05″W / 37.67472°N 78.08472°W / 37.67472; -78.08472 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Virginia |
| County | Goochland |
| Elevation | 197 ft (60 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| Area code | 804 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1493410 |


title: Xylariales

abstract: The Xylariales are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes, subdivision Pezizomycotina, division Ascomycota. It was the original order of the subclass Xylariomycetidae. Xylariales was circumscribed in 1932 by Swedish mycologist John Axel Nannfeldt, and Xylariomycetidae by Ove Erik Eriksson and Katarina Winka in 1997. In 2020, more families were added to the order. Type: Xylaria Hill ex Schrank, Baier. Fl. (München) 1: 200 (1789) DNA analysis in 2018 confirmed the placement of the order and subclass, it is a sister to the Amphisphaeriales order.

text:
# Xylariales

The **Xylariales** are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes (also known as Pyrenomycetes), subdivision Pezizomycotina, division Ascomycota. It was the original order of the subclass Xylariomycetidae. Xylariales was circumscribed in 1932 by Swedish mycologist John Axel Nannfeldt, and Xylariomycetidae by Ove Erik Eriksson and Katarina Winka in 1997. In 2020, more families (and genera) were added to the order.

Type: *Xylaria* Hill ex Schrank, Baier. Fl. (München) 1: 200 (1789)

DNA analysis in 2018 confirmed the placement of the order and subclass, it is a sister to the *Amphisphaeriales* order.

## Families

As accepted by Wijayawardene et al. 2020 (with amount of genera);

Familia incertae sedis: *Myelospermataceae*

Genera incertae sedis:

## InfoBox

| Xylariales | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Xylaria hypoxylon* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Sordariomycetes |
| Subclass: | Xylariomycetidae
O.E.Erikss. & Winka (1997) |
| Order: | Xylariales
Nannf. (1932) |
|
| Families | |
| See text | |


title: Peralejos

abstract: Peralejos is a municipality located in the province of Teruel, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 85 inhabitants.

text:
# Peralejos

**Peralejos** is a municipality located in the province of Teruel, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 85 inhabitants.

## InfoBox

| Peralejos | |
| --- | --- |
| municipality | |
|  | |
| Coordinates: 40°29′N 1°02′W / 40.483°N 1.033°W / 40.483; -1.033 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Aragon |
| Province | Teruel |
| Municipality | Peralejos |
| Area | |
| Total | 35 km2 (14 sq mi) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 88 |
| Density | 2.5/km2 (6.5/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Pipasso

abstract: The pipasso is a type of bagpipe found in northern France and Belgium. It is commonly called the "Picardy bagpipe". In the Belgian province of Hainaut, it is also known as the muchosa.

text:
# Pipasso

The **pipasso** is a type of bagpipe found in northern France and Belgium. It is commonly called the "Picardy bagpipe". In the Belgian province of Hainaut, it is also known as the muchosa.

## History

The pipasso was traditionally played by shepherds in festival processions, and was often played alongside popular instruments such as the hurdy-gurdy and the fiddle. However, by the 1700s, it had largely been replaced by the fiddle and by bass instruments.

There are a few outliers in the tradition that continued on beyond the 1700s. Unfortunately, no recordings of the last living players (who were mostly shepherds and beggars living in the 1900s) exist, and scarce information survives about the typical repertoire a pipasso player would have been able to perform. The historical models that have been preserved have a one-octave range.

## Construction

According to the eighth volume of the *Garland Encyclopedia of World Music*, illustrations dating back to the 1300s and 1400s suggest that the instrument consisted of a simple bag made from a bladder, as well as a single-piece, often conical, chanter. These illustrations did not include a drone. By the 1450s–1550s, the most common model of the pipasso was made from a sewn bag, a one-piece conical chanter, and also included a two-jointed bass drone (see bagpipes for technical definition of drones as they pertain to musical instruments).

In the second half of the 16th century, another German model came into existence. In this particular model, a second drone (tenor) was added below the bass drone. The single surviving model is currently held in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, Austria.

By the 1700s–1800s, despite the beginnings of its ultimate decline and near disappearance, yet another model with a slightly different configuration had been created. The bass drone rested upright on the shoulder, while the tenor drone would have been in a parallel formation in the same stock (the socket that attaches the pipe to the bag itself; see: bagpipes) as the chanter. There are currently three extant samples of this model in the Musical Instrument Museum in Brussels, Belgium.

## Modern usage

Though documentation of the instrument dates back as far as the fourteenth century, today very little information about the pipasso circulates among the public and the academic realm of music studies. However, several groups are working to make the instrument visible and known to the general public, including Amuséon and ch'Pipasso Greench Binde. A revival movement for the instrument began in the 1970s and continues today.

There is an annual Pipasso festival (Le Festival du Pipasso) that is held in Flixecourt, Northern France. The 13th edition will take place from 27 September to 29 September 2019.

1. Rice, Timothy, James Porter, and Chris Goertzen, eds. "Low Countries." *Garland Encyclopedia of World Music Volume 8 - Europe*. Taylor & Francis Group. Routledge, Array. 549-69. *Music Online: The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music*. Web. 24 Sept. 2016.


title: Saskia Burmeister

abstract: Saskia Burmeister is an Australian actress. She is most known for her roles in Hating Alison Ashley and Sea Patrol.

text:
# Saskia Burmeister

**Saskia Burmeister** (born 12 February 1985) is an Australian actress. She is most known for her roles in *Hating Alison Ashley* and *Sea Patrol*.

## Early and personal life

Born in New South Wales, Burmeister grew up in Bellingen on the Mid-North Coast of New South Wales. She was educated at Mosman High School in Sydney, and trained at the Australian Theatre for Young People.

In February 2008, Burmeister married Australian actor Jamie Croft. Burmeister first met Croft at a film audition and after they played a couple in *The Pact*, they began dating. Burmeister and Croft have two sons together, Jackson Jay "JJ", born in May 2012, and Bodhi Phoenix in June 2014.

## Career

During high school, Burmeister performed in various theatre productions including *Blackrock*, *The Merchant of Venice* and *The Chapel Perilous*.

Burmeister joined the cast of *Wicked Science* as Dina Demiris in 2003. She appeared in the 2005 comedy film *Hating Alison Ashley* and received a nomination for Best Lead Actress from the Australian Film Institute (AFI) for her performance.

Burmeister made a guest appearance in *Blue Heelers* and earned the 2006 AFI Award for Best Guest or Supporting Actress in a Television Series for her performance in episode 493.

In 2007, Burmeister joined the cast of *Sea Patrol* as Nikki Caetano. That same year, Burmeister appeared in *The Jammed* and earned an AFI nomination for Best Supporting Actress.

On 24 April 2011, Lizzy Lovette of *The Sun-Herald* reported Burmeister had joined the cast of *Home and Away*. Burmeister had an extended guest role as Tegan Callahan. The actress bleached her usual brown hair blonde for the part. Burmeister's younger sister, Martika Sullivan, also landed a role in the show at the same time.

Burmeister joined the cast of *Black & White & Sex* in 2012 and had a guest role in *Tricky Business*.

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2002 | *The Junction Boys* | Joyce | TV movie |
| 2003 | *Ned Kelly* | Jane Jones | Feature film |
| 2003 | *The Pact* | Young Susan Tuttle | Feature film |
| 2004 | *Thunderstruck* | Chloe | Feature film |
| 2005 | *Jewboy* | Rivka | Feature film |
| 2005 | *Hating Alison Ashley* | Erica Yurken | Feature film |
| 2005 | *The Glenmoore Job* | Sally |  |
| 2007 | *The Jammed* | Vanya | Feature film |
| 2009 | *Kind of Man* | Chloe | Short film |
| 2009 | *Storage* | Zia | Feature film |
| 2010 | *Rampage* |  |  |
| 2011 | *Cold Sore* | Jenna | Short film |
| 2012 | *Black & White & Sex* | Angie 7 | Feature film |
| 2012 | *Min Min* | Celeste | Short film |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | *Water Rats* | Victoria St. Clair | TV series, episode: "Low Blows" |
| 2003–04 | *Wicked Science* | Dina Demiris | TV series |
| 2005 | *Blue Heelers* | Ashley Barker | TV series, episode: "Child's Play" |
| 2007 | *Pirate Islands: The Lost Treasure of Fiji* | Pirate Lily | TV series |
| 2007–09 | *Sea Patrol* | Lieutenant Nicole 'Nikki' (Nav) Caetano | TV series |
| 2011 | *Rescue Special Ops* | Annie Griffin | TV series, episode: "Storm Chaser" |
| 2011 | *Home and Away* | Tegan Callahan | TV series |
| 2011 | *Underbelly: Razor* | Ida Maddocks | TV miniseries, episode: "The Darlinghurst Outrage" |
| 2012 | *Tricky Business* | Zoe Platt | TV series, episode: "Space and Time" |

## Theatre

| Title |
| --- |
| *Blackrock* |
| *The Merchant of Venice* |
| *The Chapel Perilous* |

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Nominated work | Award | Category | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2005 | *Hating Alison Ashley* | AFI Awards | Best Actress in a Leading Role | Nominated |
| 2006 | *Blue Heelers* (episode 493) | AFI Awards | Best Guest or Supporting Actress in a Television Series | Won |
| 2007 | *The Jammed* | AFI Awards | AFI Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role | Nominated |

## InfoBox

| Saskia Burmeister | |
| --- | --- |
| Burmeister at Tropfest 2012 | |
| Born | Saskia Burmeister
(1985-02-12) 12 February 1985
Sydney, Australia |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 2000–present |
| Spouse | Jamie Croft (m. 2008) |
| Children | 2 |
| Relatives | Martika Sullivan (sister) |


title: Mardin mine

abstract: The Mardin mine is a large mine in Mardin Province, in the south-east of Turkey, 743 km south-east of the capital, Ankara. Mardin represents one of the largest phosphates reserves in Turkey having estimated reserves of 200 million tonnes of ore grading 11% P2O5.

text:
# Mardin mine

The **Mardin mine** is a large mine in Mardin Province, in the south-east of Turkey, 743 km south-east of the capital, Ankara. Mardin represents one of the largest phosphates reserves in Turkey having estimated reserves of 200 million tonnes of ore grading 11% P2O5.

## InfoBox

Mardin mine
| Location | |
| --- | --- |
| Mardin mine | |
| Location | Mardin |
| Town | Mardin Province |
| Country | Turkey |
| Coordinates | 37°30′55.08″N 40°30′5.04″E / 37.5153000°N 40.5014000°E / 37.5153000; 40.5014000 |
| Production | |
| Products | Phosphates |
| History | |
| Opened | 1966 |
| Owner | |
| Company | Etibank |


title: Furious George (book)

abstract: Furious George: My Forty Years Surviving NBA Divas, Clueless GMs, and Poor Shot Selection is an autobiography by former professional basketball coach and former player George Karl, and co-author Curt Sampson. It is Karl's debut as an author.

text:
# Furious George (book)

***Furious George: My Forty Years Surviving NBA Divas, Clueless GMs, and Poor Shot Selection*** is an autobiography by former professional basketball coach and former player George Karl, and co-author Curt Sampson. It is Karl's debut as an author.

## Synopsis

Karl's memoir spans his career playing and coaching in the NBA, including his time as head coach of the Seattle SuperSonics, Milwaukee Bucks, and Denver Nuggets, but does not include his last two years as head coach of the Sacramento Kings. Early versions of the manuscript did include critical commentary of Karl's time in Sacramento, but those pages were not authorized for inclusion in the book due to Karl's settlement agreement with the Kings. The book includes two chapters dedicated to Karl's Seattle years, with particular emphasis on his relationship with Shawn Kemp, Gary Payton and General Manager Wally Walker. Karl also explains how he almost traded Shawn Kemp for Scottie Pippen in 1994, but was unable to execute the trade due to salary cap reasons.

*Furious George* includes anecdotes from dozens of NBA players and coaches including Phil Jackson, Michael Jordan, Charles Barkley, Allen Iverson and others.

## Release and reception

*Furious George* was scheduled for its release on January 10, 2017, but excerpts from the book, which caused significant controversy among media members and former NBA players, leaked two weeks before that publication. The controversy stemmed from Karl's remarks about fatherhood among some NBA players, specifically his claims that Carmelo Anthony and Kenyon Martin “carried two big burdens” because they had “all that money and no father to show them how to act like a man.” Karl was also critical of J.R. Smith, claiming he had "a huge sense of entitlement, a distracting posse, his eye always on the next contract and some really unbelievable shot selection." Howard Bryant was critical of Karl's comments in the book and wrote, "Karl...offers a glimpse into the minds of the coaches who are intolerant of players, their upbringing and, obviously, their power. If that is the father figure, maybe it's better not to have one."

In the book, Karl also claimed that players used steroids and other performance-enhancing drugs. Commissioner of the NBA Adam Silver later responded to Karl's allegations saying, "I have no reason to believe whatsoever that we have an issue, either as the result of testing or as the result of other information that comes to the league office."

Karl has expressed regret for how the controversial sections of the book were written and apologized for his comments in *Furious George*. He added that he "didn't write anything in the book that he hadn't said to players' faces."

*Basketball Insiders* described the memoir as "outspoken and raw." *The Denver Post* reviewed the book favorably, adding, "George is furious, but he’s just as introspective." One review of *Furious George* noted that while Karl was critical of several former players and others he had crossed paths with, he was also critical of himself, stating, "The most compelling part of the book is when Karl tackles Karl. He is unsparing here, too."

The book has also been featured in the *New York Times*, the *Los Angeles Times*, *Rolling Stone* and others.

## InfoBox

Furious George: My Forty Years Surviving NBA Divas, Clueless GMs, and Poor Shot Selection
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | George Karl, Curt Sampson |
| Language | English |
| Subject | Autobiography |
| Genre | Non-fiction |
| Publisher | HarperCollins |
| Publication date | January 10, 2017 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Hardcover, paperback, ebook, audiobook |
| Pages | 256 |
| ISBN | 978-0-06-236779-2 |


title: Nuclease protection assay

abstract: Nuclease protection assay is a laboratory technique used in biochemistry and genetics to identify individual RNA molecules in a heterogeneous RNA sample extracted from cells. The technique can identify one or more RNA molecules of known sequence even at low total concentration. The extracted RNA is first mixed with antisense RNA or DNA probes that are complementary to the sequence or sequences of interest and the complementary strands are hybridized to form double-stranded RNA. The mixture is then exposed to ribonucleases that specifically cleave only single-stranded RNA but have no activity against double-stranded RNA. When the reaction runs to completion, susceptible RNA regions are degraded to very short oligomers or to individual nucleotides; the surviving RNA fragments are those that were complementary to the added antisense strand and thus contained the sequence of interest.

text:
# Nuclease protection assay

**Nuclease protection assay** is a laboratory technique used in biochemistry and genetics to identify individual RNA molecules in a heterogeneous RNA sample extracted from cells. The technique can identify one or more RNA molecules of known sequence even at low total concentration. The extracted RNA is first mixed with antisense RNA or DNA probes that are complementary to the sequence or sequences of interest and the complementary strands are hybridized to form double-stranded RNA (or a DNA-RNA hybrid). The mixture is then exposed to ribonucleases that specifically cleave only *single*-stranded RNA but have no activity against double-stranded RNA. When the reaction runs to completion, susceptible RNA regions are degraded to very short oligomers or to individual nucleotides; the surviving RNA fragments are those that were complementary to the added antisense strand and thus contained the sequence of interest.

## Probe

The probes are prepared by cloning part of the gene of interest in a vector under the control of any of the following promoters, SP6, T7 or T3. These promoters are recognized by DNA dependent RNA polymerases originally characterized from bacteriophages. The probes produced are radioactive as they are prepared by in vitro transcription using radioactive UTPs. Uncomplemented DNA or RNA is cleaved off by nucleases. When the probe is a DNA molecule, S1 nuclease is used; when the probe is RNA, any single-strand-specific ribonuclease can be used. Thus the surviving probe-mRNA complement is simply detected by autoradiography.

## Uses

Nuclease protection assays are used to map introns and 5' and 3' ends of transcribed gene regions. Quantitative results can be obtained regarding the amount of the target RNA present in the original cellular extract - if the target is a messenger RNA, this can indicate the level of transcription of the gene in the cell.

They are also used to detect the presence of double stranded RNA, presence of which could mean RNA interference.

Northern blotting is a laboratory technique that produces similar information. It is slower and less quantitative, but also produces accurate information about the *size* of the target RNA. Nuclease protection assay products are limited to the size of the initial probes due to the destruction of the non-hybridized RNA during the nuclease digestion step.


title: Pembroke St Mary South

abstract: Pembroke St Mary South was the name of an electoral ward in the town of Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales. It covers the area including the town centre and Pembroke Castle and the town immediately to the west of St Daniel's Hill. The ward elected a county councillor to Pembrokeshire County Council and three town councillors to Pembroke Town Council. According to the 2011 UK Census the population of the ward was 1,434. A boundary review took place in 2019, where it was noted that the number of eligible voters was 33% below the average for an electoral ward in Pembrokeshire. As a result it was recommended that part of the neighbouring St Michael ward was transferred to the St Mary South ward, increasing the number of electors by 531. It was also proposed that the ward be combined with the neighbouring Monkton electoral ward, with the resulting ward electing two county councillors. These changes came into effect in 2021, with the creation of a new electoral ward named Pembroke Monkton and St Mary South.

text:
# Pembroke St Mary South

**Pembroke St Mary South** was the name of an electoral ward in the town of Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales. It covers the area including the town centre and Pembroke Castle and the town immediately to the west of St Daniel's Hill.

The ward elected a county councillor to Pembrokeshire County Council and three town councillors to Pembroke Town Council.

According to the 2011 UK Census the population of the ward was 1,434.

A boundary review took place in 2019, where it was noted that the number of eligible voters was 33% below the average for an electoral ward in Pembrokeshire. As a result it was recommended that part of the neighbouring St Michael ward was transferred to the St Mary South ward, increasing the number of electors by 531. It was also proposed that the ward be combined with the neighbouring Monkton electoral ward, with the resulting ward electing two county councillors. These changes came into effect in 2021, with the creation of a new electoral ward named Pembroke Monkton and St Mary South.

## County elections

At the May 2017 county election the Pembroke St Mary South result was the first to be announced. The sitting Independent councillor Daphne Bush (a member of the ruling Independent Plus Group) was beaten by the Welsh Conservative candidate, Aaron Leigh-Carey. The Conservatives also won seats from the Independent councillors in the neighbouring wards of Pembroke St Mary North and Pembroke St Michael.

2017 Pembrokeshire County Council election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative | **Aaron Leigh-Carey** | 181 |  |  |
|  | Independent | Melanie Phillips | 109 |  |  |
|  | Independent | Daphne Bush * | 94 |  |  |
|  | Independent | Jacob Taylor | 91 |  |  |

* = sitting councillor prior to the election

## InfoBox

| Pembroke St Mary South | |
| --- | --- |
| Electoral ward | |
| Pre-2022 ward locations within the towns of Pembroke and Pembroke Dock | |
| Pembroke St Mary SouthLocation within Pembrokeshire | |
| Population | 1,434 (2011 census) |
| Principal area |  |
| Country | Wales |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | PEMBROKE |
| Postcode district | SA71 |
| Dialling code | +44-1646 |
| UK Parliament |  |
| Senedd Cymru – Welsh Parliament |  |
| Councillors | 1 (County)<br>3 (Town Council) |
|


title: XMetaL

abstract: XMetaL, or XMetaL Author, is a software application people use to create and edit documents in XML and SGML. It has some features common to word processors, but is a native XML editor that can be configured to work with various standard and custom DTDs and XML Schemas. XMetaL was first released by SoftQuad Software in 1999 and is currently developed by JustSystems.

text:
# XMetaL

**XMetaL**, or **XMetaL Author**, is a software application people use to create and edit documents in XML and SGML. It has some features common to word processors, but is a native XML editor that can be configured to work with various standard and custom DTDs and XML Schemas. XMetaL was first released by SoftQuad Software in 1999 and is currently developed by JustSystems.

## Uses

XMetaL has a user interface resembling a word processor, in contrast with other XML editors such as XMLSpy that are designed for XML programmers. XMetaL is used by both technical and non-technical writers, most often to develop technical documents, website content, newspaper and magazine content, and organizational policies and procedures. Government agencies also use XMetaL for tracking legislation.

## Features

XMetaL includes features common to word processors, such as a spellchecker, a thesaurus, and the ability to track changes made to documents. XMetaL provides different views of a document, known as “Normal”, “Tags On” and “Plain Text,” which reveal the underlying element tags and other XML markup to varying degrees, and uses standard CSS files to style documents for display within the editor. A “Resource Manager” pane can be used to locate and insert items such as image files and frequently reused text fragments.

XMetaL can be configured to work with standard or custom DTDs or XML Schemas (XSDs). Once configured, the user interface displays options for inserting elements and attributes declared in the DTD or XSD, and ensures all changes to documents are valid according to the rules of the DTD or XSD. Developers can also associate menu items and toolbar buttons for editing images, tables, and lists with elements and attributes in the particular DTD or XSD.

Through a macro facility, developers can add custom dialog boxes, menu commands, toolbar buttons, forms, and behaviors, using languages supported by the Microsoft scripting environment such as JScript and VBScript. It also includes interfaces for COM and Java. XMetaL includes features to import content from a database into an XML document, and can be integrated with other systems via APIs. XMetaL works with a variety of content management systems.

The “Enterprise” version of XMetaL includes the Darwin Information Typing Architecture (DITA) DTDs and features for editing and publishing DITA topics and maps.

## Thin-client version

XMAX, a platform for creating thin client custom XML editors, was first released in 2003 under the name “XMetaL for ActiveX”. XMAX-based applications can run within the Internet Explorer browser for Windows, and can be embedded in other applications that support ActiveX.

## History

XMetaL was first developed by SoftQuad Software, which had previously developed the HTML editor HoTMetaL and the SGML editor Author-Editor. XMetaL 1.0, released in June 1999, was the first stand-alone XML editor to offer a word-processor-like user interface. In 2002, the Ottawa-based Corel Corporation bought SoftQuad, but failed to successfully develop the business. In 2003, XMetaL was rebranded as "XMetaL Author", as some features for extending and customizing the product were separated into a "XMetaL Developer" application.

In 2004, Corel sold the XMetaL business to Blast Radius, a company based in Vancouver, which was still home to most members of the original XMetaL development team. Critique, a product that had been developed by Blast Radius for collaborative reviewing of XML documents, would later be rebranded as "XMetaL Reviewer". XMetaL was the first major XML editor to provide specific features for DITA. In 2006, Japan-based JustSystems Corporation acquired the XMetaL business from Blast Radius, keeping the XMetaL development team based in Vancouver.

1. Cagle, Kurt (June 26, 2003). "XMetal 4 and the return of the XML document". *ZDNet Asia*. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
2. Floyd, Michael; Dyck, Timothy; Muchmore, Michael W.; Gambhir, Sahil (June 30, 2002). "XML Exposed". *PC Magazine*. **21** (12): 132.
3. *XML and Component Content Management Report 2009*. Olney, MD USA: CMS Watch. pp. 84–91. Archived from the original on 2008-12-04.
4. Boeri, Robert J. (May 2002). "SoftQuad, Corel, and the XML of Content's Future". *EContent*. **25** (5): 7.
5. Maziarka, Mike; Omri Duek (March 22, 2007). "Making Laws with XML: The View from the State of California's Legislative Counsel Bureau" (PDF). Dynamic Content Software Strategies Consulting Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 6, 2008. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
6. Boeri, Robert J. (March 2000). "SoftQuad's XMetaL 1.2 - Software Review - Evaluation". *Emedia Professional*. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
7. "Content Authoring". *PC Magazine*. **20** (12): 27. June 26, 2001.
8. Dickson, Andrea (2007). "Review of XMetaL Author 5.0 DITA Edition". WritersUA. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
9. Wood, Jeff (March 2003). "Inside the Brackets: COREL XMETAL 4". Really Strategies. Archived from the original on June 26, 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
10. Bethony, Herb (June 7, 1999). "XMetal tests XML mettle". *PC Week*. **16** (23): 3.
11. Reid, Rebecca (Feb 10, 2004). "Blast Radius buys Corel's XMetal". IT World Canada. Retrieved 2009-06-08.

## InfoBox

XMetaL Author
|
|  |
|
| Developer(s) | JustSystems |
|  | |
| Stable release | 16.0 |
|  | |
| Operating system | Microsoft Windows |
| Available in | English, Japanese |
| Type | XML editor |
| License | Proprietary |
| Website | http://www.xmetal.com |


title: Peraleda del Zaucejo

abstract: Peraleda del Zaucejo is a municipality in the province of Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain. According to the 2014 census, the municipality has a population of 562 inhabitants.

text:
# Peraleda del Zaucejo

**Peraleda del Zaucejo** is a municipality in the province of Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain. According to the 2014 census, the municipality has a population of 562 inhabitants.

## InfoBox

| Peraleda del Zaucejo | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Peraleda del ZaucejoLocation in Spain | |
| Coordinates: 38°28′20″N 5°33′30″W / 38.47222°N 5.55833°W / 38.47222; -5.55833 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Extremadura |
| Province | Badajoz |
| Comarca | Campiña Sur |
| Area | |
| Total | 163.7 km2 (63.2 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 541 m (1,775 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 512 |
| Density | 3.1/km2 (8.1/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Pipat, Chhatarpur

abstract: Pipat is a village in Chhatarpur district, Madhya Pradesh. It is 23 km from Chhatarpur city, 15 km from Khajuraho, 10 km from Rajnagar and 18 km from khajwa town.

text:
# Pipat, Chhatarpur

**Pipat** is a village in Chhatarpur district, Madhya Pradesh. It is 23 km from Chhatarpur city, 15 km from Khajuraho, 10 km from Rajnagar and 18 km from khajwa town.

## Geography

Pipat is located at 24°56′25″N 79°49′41″E / 24.940307°N 79.828166°E / 24.940307; 79.828166. It has an average elevation of 227 metres (744.751  and its area is 590 hectares.

## Demographics

At the 2011 census, Pipat had a population of 2,769.

## InfoBox

| Pipat | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| PipatLocation in Madhya Pradesh, India | |
| Coordinates: 24°56′25″N 79°49′41″E / 24.940307°N 79.828166°E / 24.940307; 79.828166 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Madhya Pradesh |
| District | Chhatarpur |
| Tehsil | Rajnagar |
| Area | |
| Total | 590 ha (1,460 acres) |
| Elevation | 227 m (745 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 2,769 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Hindi /Bundeli |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-MP |
| Vehicle registration | MP16 |


title: IANT Quranic Academy

abstract: IANT Quranic Academy (IQA) is an Islamic private school in Richardson, Texas serving grades pre Kindergarten-12. It is a part of the Islamic Association of North Texas. The school was founded in 2002 with a Full Quran memorization, Hifz, Alim Studies, and Academic program in response to the needs of thousands of American Muslims residing in the city and neighboring cities such as Dallas, Garland, and Plano. It is one of the veteran Islamic schools in North Texas with 20 years of experience. 148 students graduated from IQA and 146 students became huffadh, and hundreds earned pre-alim diplomas.

text:
# IANT Quranic Academy

**IANT Quranic Academy** (**IQA**) is an Islamic private school in Richardson, Texas serving grades pre Kindergarten-12. It is a part of the Islamic Association of North Texas. The school was founded in 2002 with a Full Quran memorization, Hifz, Alim Studies (Islamic Scholar), and Academic program (pre K - 12 grade) in response to the needs of thousands of American Muslims residing in the city and neighboring cities such as Dallas, Garland, and Plano. It is one of the veteran Islamic schools in North Texas with 20 years of experience. 148 students graduated from IQA and 146 students became huffadh (memorized the Quran), and hundreds earned pre-alim diplomas.

## History

Dr. Yusuf Ziya Kavakci was the founder, teacher, and first principal of IANT Quranic Academy (IQA), the founding Dean, and instructor of Suffa Islamic Seminary, and the founder and president of the Islamic Tribunal. Since then, the school has grown to what it is today.

IQA offers financial aid for over 30 students every year since inception and planning to add scholarship program for Richardson and surrounding city residents.

The school was first accredited by cognia in 2007,5 years after it was established . This was a major achievement in the growth of the school.

The school also offers college preparatory courses in conjunction with Dallas County Community Colleges allowing students to earn college credit and even an associate degree by the time they graduate from high school.

## IQA today

IANT Quranic Academy is currently an accredited school by Cognia .IANT quranic academy is a school participating in the TCSAAL (Texas Charter school athletic Association league). The IQA High school girls volleyball team managed to go 4-0 in all of there games .

*

## InfoBox

| IANT Quranic Academy | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 840 Abrams Rd
Richardson, Texas 75081
United States | |
| Coordinates | 32°56′22″N 96°43′51″W / 32.9395676°N 96.7307244°W / 32.9395676; -96.7307244 |
| Information | |
| Type | Private |
| Motto | IQA's mission is to develop the next generation of American Muslim scholars |
| Established | 2002 |
| Founder | Islamic Association of North Texas |
| Principal | Dr Hanan Almasri |
| Faculty | 30 |
| Grades | K–12 |
| Gender | co-ed |
| Number of students | 250 |
| Website | Official Website |


title: Urban Ecology Center

abstract: The Urban Ecology Center is a nonprofit organization in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Their mission is to educate the Milwaukee community about the environment, conservation, sustainability, and other issues related to urban ecology, as well as to preserve and protect the natural areas in the city. In 1991, a group of residents of the Riverside Park neighborhood founded the Riverside Urban Environmental Center in response to the growing crime and pollution in Riverside Park. The neighborhood surrounding Riverside Park, was at one time an affluent neighborhood, which eventually became polluted and had an increase of criminal activity, while similar problems occurred in the neighborhoods surrounding Washington Park and Menomonee Valley. The organization is headquartered in the Riverside Park neighborhood. There are two other branches: the Washington Park branch which opened in 2007 and the Menomonee Valley branch which opened in 2012.

text:
# Urban Ecology Center

The **Urban Ecology Center** is a nonprofit organization in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Their mission is to educate the Milwaukee community about the environment, conservation, sustainability, and other issues related to urban ecology, as well as to preserve and protect the natural areas in the city.

In 1991, a group of residents of the Riverside Park neighborhood founded the Riverside Urban Environmental Center in response to the growing crime and pollution in Riverside Park. The neighborhood surrounding Riverside Park, was at one time an affluent neighborhood, which eventually became polluted and had an increase of criminal activity, while similar problems occurred in the neighborhoods surrounding Washington Park and Menomonee Valley.

The organization is headquartered in the Riverside Park neighborhood. There are two other branches: the Washington Park branch which opened in 2007 and the Menomonee Valley branch which opened in 2012.

## Branches

One of the organizations main focuses is to revitalize parks in urban neighborhoods to educate urban youth about environmentalism and nature. All three branches have a specific focus on urban nature and programs concerning conservation, which have revitalized their respective neighborhoods, which have experienced economic downturn and criminal activity.

### Riverside Park

Riverside Park is located near the Riverwest and East Side neighborhoods. The park itself is approximately 25 acres in size. (10.2 ha) Riverside Park itself has a rich history, it is one of the three parks in Milwaukee that was made by Frederick Law Olmsted, who was responsible for making some of the most famous and iconic parks in America. The park is a mainly temperate forest, composed of mainly deciduous and broadleaf trees. The Milwaukee River runs through the park, as well as the Oak Leaf Trail. The park has a wide variety of wildlife and is a migratory stop over site for many species. Many bird species live there, such as Great horned owls, Red-winged blackbirds, Downy woodpeckers, Magnolia warblers, and Nashville warblers. The park is also home to the Milwaukee Rotary Centennial Arboretum, a 40-acre (16.1 ha) Arboretum that was built on a former Brownfield land. There is a restored Oak savanna in the arboretum, one of the most endangered habitats in the United States. It is one of twenty two US Forest Service dedicated "Children's Forests", meaning the park has a specific focus of educating children and families, while preserving the natural habitat.

In 2007, Wisconsin's largest solar array was the 44.4 kW array on the Urban Ecology Center in Milwaukee.

## Notable associates

Wisconsin State Senator Nikiya Harris was formerly a special events coordinator and membership manager for the Center.

## InfoBox

Urban Ecology Center
| Founded | 1991 |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Non-profit |
| Location |  |
| Coordinates | 43°04′03.5″N 87°53′26.8″W / 43.067639°N 87.890778°W / 43.067639; -87.890778 (administrative offices) |
| Area served | Riverside Park
Washington Park
Menomonee Valley |
| Key people | Ken Leinbach, Executive Director |
| Website | Urban Ecology Center |
| Formerly called | Riverside Urban
Environmental Center |


abstract: The Museum of Western Art in Kerrville, Texas, is an art museum dedicated to the paintings and sculptures of contemporary artists of the American West who follow in the tradition of Frederic Remington and Charles M. Russell. In addition to the rotating collection, the museum also has an extensive western research library and Journey West children's gallery. The museum uses the motto "Where the Legend Lives".

text:
# Museum of Western Art (Kerrville, Texas)

**The Museum of Western Art** in Kerrville, Texas, is an art museum dedicated to the paintings and sculptures of contemporary artists of the American West who follow in the tradition of Frederic Remington and Charles M. Russell. In addition to the rotating collection, the museum also has an extensive western research library and Journey West children's gallery. The museum uses the motto "Where the Legend Lives".

## History

The museum opened on April 23, 1983 as the Cowboy Artists of America Museum, intended to serve as the headquarters of the Cowboy Artists of America. The building was designed by the late O'Neil Ford, a pioneer in the Southwestern style of architecture. In 2004, the Masel S. Quinn Pavilion of the Western Art Academy was completed for use in ongoing education programs.

A subsequent dispute led to the dissolution of formal ties between the museum and the association, and the museum changed its name to the National Center for American Western Art and then to The Museum of Western Art in 2003.

**Features**

The museum's exterior features a rugged hacienda-type exterior and manicured grounds graced by larger-than-lifesize western sculptures. The 14,000 square foot of interior space house an impressive permanent collection of paintings and sculptures, all done by past and present renowned western artists. Distinctive handcrafted boveda ceilings, end-cut mesquite and Saltillo tile flooring combine with a multitude of western artifacts and priceless art to leave a lasting impression on all who visit. In addition to three indoor galleries, an extensive western research library, the Journey West Children's gallery and a museum store. An outdoor pavilion is used frequently for special events, wedding receptions, corporate gatherings, reunions and educational classes.

**Awards and Recognitions**

The museum has received recognition as one of the top western art museums in the U.S. by True West Magazine in 2021, 2022 and 2023. It has also been rated by a reader poll of The Kerrville Daily Times as the Top Attraction in Kerrville for 2021.

Museum of Western Art
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Established | 1983 |
| Location | 1550 Bandera Highway Kerrville, Texas |
| Coordinates | 30.0244°N 99.1371°WCoordinates: 30.0244°N 99.1371°W |
| Type | Art museum |
| Website | museumofwesternart.com |

**Location**

Located five miles off I-10, exit 508, the museum is an hour's drive northwest of San Antonio. Regular hours are Tuesday - Saturday, 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Admission rates listed on website, www.museumofwesternart.com. Current and retired military always complimentary when military i.d. is presented.

## InfoBox

Museum of Western Art
| Museum of Western ArtLocation within TexasMuseum of Western ArtMuseum of Western Art (the United States) | |
| --- | --- |
| Established | 1983 |
| Location | 1550 Bandera Highway<br>Kerrville, Texas |
| Coordinates | 30°01′28″N 99°08′14″W / 30.0244°N 99.1371°W / 30.0244; -99.1371 |
| Type | Art museum |
| Website | museumofwesternart.com |


title: Frédéric Herpoel

abstract: Frédéric Herpoel is a Belgian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

text:
# Frédéric Herpoel

**Frédéric Herpoel** (Dutch pronunciation: \[ˈfreːdərɪk ˈɦɛrpul\]; born 16 August 1974) is a Belgian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

## Career

Herpoel was born in Mons. At the age of 7 he began to play for S.C. Havré and then moved to Anderlecht in 1988 where he played in the youth team. Between 1993 (his arrival in the senior squad) and 1997, Herpoel only played four Jupiler League games for the Brussels side.

Herpoel signed for Gent in 1997 and played regularly for them for over a decade, before joining Mons. Herpoel was selected 39 times for Belgium but he gathered only seven caps. He was in the team for the Euro 2000 as third goalie and the 2002 World Cup as second goalie. He was the second choice after Geert De Vlieger when Robert Waseige was the national team manager, and later after Silvio Proto when Aimé Anthuenis coached the national team, whereupon he decided to quit the national team in 2005, disappointed not to be chosen as the first choice goalkeeper.

## Honours

**Anderlecht**

**Belgium**

**Individual**

## InfoBox

Frédéric Herpoel
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Frédéric Herpoel | | |
| Date of birth | (1974-08-16) 16 August 1974 | | |
| Place of birth | Mons, Belgium | | |
| Height | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 1988–1993 | Anderlecht | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1993–1997 | Anderlecht | 4 | (0) |
| 1997–2007 | Gent | 328 | (2) |
| 2007–2010 | Mons | 50 | (0) |
| Total |  | **382** | **(2)** |
| International career | | | |
| 1994–1995 | Belgium U-21 | 11 | (0) |
| 1999–2004 | Belgium | 7 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Nuts (2018 film)

abstract: Nuts is a 2018 Chinese drama film directed by Li Xin and starring Zhang Ruoyun, Li Xian and Sandra Ma.

text:
# Nuts (2018 film)

***Nuts*** (Chinese: 奇葩朵朵; pinyin: *Qípā duǒ duǒ*) is a 2018 Chinese drama film directed by Li Xin and starring Zhang Ruoyun, Li Xian and Sandra Ma.

## Plot

Huang Jian (Zhang Ruo Yun) is considered a genius in science and technology. Su Zi Cong (Li Xian) comes from a very wealthy family and has everything going for him, including looks and brains. They both compete for an opportunity to study with a famous applied physics professor at MIT.

To fulfill one of the requirements for the application, Jian joins a science organization. He meets Zhu Zhu (Sandra Ma), a rookie reporter who is there undercover to try to land a big scoop. Who will win the coveted position?

## Cast

## Reception

The opening gross is $1,333,111. The perfect comedy elements and settings of "Nuts" make it the most different from other campus love stories.

## InfoBox

| Nuts | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Simplified Chinese | 奇葩朵朵 |
|
| Hanyu Pinyin | Qípā duǒ duǒ |
|  | |
|  | |
| Directed by | Li Xin |
| Produced by | Shanghai Film (Group) Co., Ltd.
Shanghai Haihai Film and Television Production Co., Ltd |
| Starring | Zhang Rouyun
Li Xian
Sandra Ma |
| Distributed by | Khorgos ICBC Film Co., Ltd.
Khorgos Zhonghe Qiancheng Film Co., Ltd. |
| Release date | * 4 April 2018 (2018-04-04) (China) |
| Running time | 98 minutes |
| Country | China |
| Language | Mandarin |
| Box office | US$4.7 million |


title: Pembroke Street, Oxford

abstract: Pembroke Street is a street in central Oxford, England. St Ebbes Street is to the west, and the major thoroughfare of St Aldate's is to the east. Modern Art Oxford is located on the north side of the street. Greene's Tutorial College is at 45 Pembroke Street and All Nations Language School is at No 40. Pembroke Square and Pembroke College are close by to the south. In November 2009, it was announced that the planned Story Museum would move to premises at Rochester House on Pembroke Street, using a gift of £2.5million from a private donor.

text:
# Pembroke Street, Oxford

**Pembroke Street** is a street in central Oxford, England. St Ebbes Street is to the west, and the major thoroughfare of St Aldate's is to the east.

Modern Art Oxford (formerly the Museum of Modern Art) is located on the north side of the street (No 30). Greene's Tutorial College is at 45 Pembroke Street and All Nations Language School is at No 40.

Pembroke Square and Pembroke College are close by to the south.

In November 2009, it was announced that the planned Story Museum would move to premises at Rochester House on Pembroke Street, using a gift of £2.5million from a private donor.

51°45′02″N 1°15′30″W / 51.75056°N 1.25833°W / 51.75056; -1.25833


title: Music Publishers Association

abstract: The Music Publishers Association of the United States (MPA) is a non-profit music publishing organization based in New York City. Founded in 1895, the MPA is the oldest music trade organization in the United States which addresses issues pertaining to print publishing with an emphasis on copyright education and advocacy.

text:
# Music Publishers Association

The **Music Publishers Association of the United States** (**MPA**) is a non-profit music publishing organization based in New York City. Founded in 1895, the MPA is the oldest music trade organization in the United States which addresses issues pertaining to print publishing with an emphasis on copyright education and advocacy.

## Tab and lyric sites

Websites that offer lyrics and guitar tabs without licensing or permission from the artist or record label constitute copyright infringement. Former MPA president Lauren Keiser stated that he wanted jail time in addition to fines and the removal of offending websites.

In March 2006, the MPA issued a statement in which they explained their position on websites that distribute unauthorized sheet music and tablature.

Several points are made in the statement:

* MPA members invest a significant amount into arranging, engraving, editing, marketing, and distributing sheet music products, and illegal tablature cuts into their sales.
* Sharing the tabs is bad enough, but even worse is when sites make money off the illegal tabs.
* Guitar tabs do not circumvent copyright laws just because they're claimed to be personal interpretations.
* Viewing illegal tabs is equivalent to stealing sheet music from a local music store.
* The MPA is not targeting authorized websites, and will work with sites that want to build a legitimate business.

## Criticism

The MPA's position on tablature has been criticized by the tabbing community. The community do not believe they are infringing copyright laws because they are only displaying their aural transcriptions of these songs, which are, more often than not, not entirely correct. They feel that the practice of tabbing and sharing songs has existed for decades without any issues. An article on the now-closed guitartabs.cc website said:

> "At what point does describing how one plays a song on guitar become an issue of copyright infringment \[*sic*\]? This website \[and tablatures\], among other things, helps users teach each other how they play guitar parts for many different songs. This is the way music teachers have behaved since the first music was ever created. The difference here is that the information is shared by way of a new technology: the Internet ..."

In April 2008, the Power Tab Archive, a popular guitar tablature site based around the Power Tab Editor program, was urged to properly license work by the MPA. In April 2009, the Power Tab Archive organized a partnership with Music Sales Group and the website is continuing to reload the downloads and pays royalties with advertising revenue.

## InfoBox

Music Publishers Association
|
|  |
| Founded | 1895 (1895) |
| Headquarters | New York City, New York, U.S. |


abstract: Perry Mason: The Case of the Mandarin Murder is an interactive fiction video game with graphics. The game was published by Telarium, a subsidiary of Spinnaker Software, in 1985.

text:
# Perry Mason: The Case of the Mandarin Murder

***Perry Mason: The Case of the Mandarin Murder*** is an interactive fiction video game with graphics. The game was published by Telarium (formerly known as Trillium), a subsidiary of Spinnaker Software, in 1985.

## Description

The game is based on the popular TV series *Perry Mason* starring Raymond Burr, who played the fictional defense attorney of the same name created by Erle Stanley Gardner. The player must save client Laura Knapp from being convicted of the murder of her husband Victor.

## Reception

*Antic Amiga* in 1985 called *Perry Mason* "a major breakthrough in interactive fiction."

## InfoBox

| Perry Mason: The Case of the Mandarin Murder | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Telarium |
| Publisher(s) | Audiogenic Software |
| Platform(s) | Amiga, Commodore 64, Apple II, MS-DOS, MSX |
| Release | 1985 |
| Genre(s) | Interactive fiction |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: Pisoniano

abstract: Pisoniano is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Italian region Lazio, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of Rome. Pisoniano borders the following municipalities: Bellegra, Capranica Prenestina, Cerreto Laziale, Ciciliano, Gerano, San Vito Romano.

text:
# Pisoniano

**Pisoniano** is a *comune* (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Italian region Lazio, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of Rome.

Pisoniano borders the following municipalities: Bellegra, Capranica Prenestina, Cerreto Laziale, Ciciliano, Gerano, San Vito Romano.

## Twin towns

## InfoBox

| Pisoniano | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di Pisoniano | |
| Location of Pisoniano in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital | |
| Location of Pisoniano | |
| PisonianoLocation of Pisoniano in LazioPisonianoPisoniano (Lazio) | |
| Coordinates: 41°54′N 12°58′E / 41.900°N 12.967°E / 41.900; 12.967 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Lazio |
| Metropolitan city | Rome (RM) |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Enzo Aureli |
| Area | |
| Total | 13.2 km2 (5.1 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 532 m (1,745 ft) |
| Population (30 November 2016) | |
| Total | 755 |
| Density | 57/km2 (150/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 00020 |
| Dialing code | 06 |
| Website | comune.pisoniano.rm.it |


title: Marge Callaghan

abstract: Margaret Callaghan Maxwell was an infielder who played from 1944 to 1951 in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. Listed at 5' 3", 112 lb., she batted and threw right-handed. A native of Vancouver, Callaghan was one of the sixty eight girls from Canada who played in the AAGPBL during its 12-year history. A light hitter, she only topped the.200 mark in batting average twice her entire career, hitting.196 in eight AAGPBL seasons with four different teams. But Callaghan had an uncanny ability to get on base, by any means, way above than the pure ability to get the hit, reaching first base by walks, by a bunt single or being hit by the pitcher. Incidentally, the relatively low batting averages from the 1943 season through 1947, before a smaller ball was introduced in 1948, reflect mainly the high quality of the AAGPBL pitchers, rather than a lack of skills by the hitters. In addition, Callaghan stole 283 bases and posted a solid.319 on-base percentage. On the field, she divided her time between playing second base and third for a collective.921 fielding percentage.

text:
# Marge Callaghan

**Margaret Callaghan Maxwell** (December 23, 1921 – January 11, 2019) was an infielder who played from 1944 to 1951 in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. Listed at 5' 3", 112 lb., she batted and threw right-handed.

A native of Vancouver, Callaghan was one of the sixty eight girls from Canada who played in the AAGPBL during its 12-year history. A light hitter, she only topped the .200 mark in batting average twice her entire career, hitting .196 in eight AAGPBL seasons with four different teams. But Callaghan had an uncanny ability to get on base, by any means, way above than the pure ability to get the hit, reaching first base by walks, by a bunt single or being hit by the pitcher. Incidentally, the relatively low batting averages from the 1943 season through 1947, before a smaller ball was introduced in 1948, reflect mainly the high quality of the AAGPBL pitchers, rather than a lack of skills by the hitters. In addition, Callaghan stole 283 bases and posted a solid .319 on-base percentage. On the field, she divided her time between playing second base and third for a collective .921 fielding percentage.

## Early years

Callaghan is one of five children (three sisters and two brothers) into the family of Albert and Hazel (née Terryberry) Callaghan, of Irish ancestry. She grew up in a home where baseball was considered of vital importance, as her younger sister Helen teamed up with her in the AAGPBL and her nephew Casey Candaele played in Major League Baseball. Athletically inclined, Marge and Helen filled their student days at King Edward High School participating in almost every sport the school had to offer, competing in track and field, basketball, lacrosse, volleyball, soccer and field hockey. The sisters also played softball for the Vancouver Western Mutual team and performed at the 1943 World Series Softball tournament held at Detroit, Michigan, where they were recruited by a AAGPBL scout.

## Career

Callaghan entered the league in 1944 with the Minneapolis Millerettes, playing for them one year before joining the Fort Wayne Daisies (1945–48), South Bend Blue Sox (1949), Peoria Redwings (1950-'51) and Battle Creek Belles (1951). As a rookie, she hit .182 while playing third base. She improved to .196 in 1945 and reached the playoffs, but Fort Wayne lost to the Rockford Peaches in the final series, four to one games. In 1946 she batted .188 with a .355 on-base percentage, including career-highs in stolen bases (80) and walks (88), while tying for sixth in runs scored (70).

Callaghan enjoyed a good season in 1947 while moving to second base, when she hit .201 with a .331 OBP and 57 stolen bases, and belted her third and last career home run. She slipped to .187 and 42 steals in 1948, but set a career-high .945 fielding percentage. During the playoffs, she hit .123 with one homer and five runs, as the Daisies lost again to Rockford in the finals, four to one games. In 1949 she hit .169 with South Bend and made her last playoff appearance. She batted .157 for Peoria in 1950, and returned to third base in 1951. her last year in the league. She divided her playing time between Peoria and Battle Creek, hitting a career-high .236 with 26 steals and a .339 OBP.

## Legacy

The 1992 film *A League of Their Own* is about the first season of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. While the film does not use real names, filmmaker Penny Marshall seemed to be aiming for realism, as her film includes fake newsreel footage and pseudo-documentary *present day* scenes at the beginning and end of the fictitious story. *A League of Their Own* itself was inspired by the 1987 documentary of the same title, written and produced by Kelly Candaele, one of the five sons of the aforementioned Helen Callaghan. Candaele also collaborated with Kim Wilson in the story for the film. The AAGPBL players were relatively unknown until the Marshall's film was exhibited for the first time.

Marge and Helen Callaghan are part of the AAGPBL permanent display at the Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum at Cooperstown, New York, opened in 1988, which is dedicated to the entire league rather than any individual player. The sisters also received honorary inductions into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum (1998) and the British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame and Museum (2008). Helen died in 1992 at the age of 69. Marge died on January 11, 2019, aged 97.

## Career statistics

**Batting**

| GP | AB |  |  | 2B | 3B | HR | RBI | SB | TB | BB | SO | BA | OBP | SLG |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 672 | 2058 | 280 | 403 | 18 | 9 | 3 | 143 | 283 | 448 | 371 | 319 | .196 | .319 | .218 |

**Fielding**

| GP | PO |  |  | TC | DP | FA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 662 | 1218 | 1473 | 224 | 2915 | 130 | .923 |

## InfoBox

| Marge Callaghan | |
| --- | --- |
| All-American Girls Professional Baseball League | |
| **Infielder** | |
| **Born:** (1921-12-23)December 23, 1921
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada | |
| **Died:** January 11, 2019(2019-01-11) (aged 97)
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| debut | |
| 1944 | |
| Last appearance | |
| 1951 | |
| Career statistics | |
| Games played | 672 |
| Batting average | .196 |
| On-base percentage | .319 |
| Fielding percentage | .923 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
| * Three playoff appearances (1945, 1948-49) * Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum AAGPBL Induction (1998) * British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame and Museum Inductee (2008) | |


title: Fusivoluta anomala

abstract: Fusivoluta anomala is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Volutidae, the volutes.

text:
# Fusivoluta anomala

***Fusivoluta anomala*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Volutidae, the volutes.

## Description

## Distribution

## InfoBox

| *Fusivoluta anomala* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Volutidae |
| Genus: | *Fusivoluta* |
| Species: | ***F. anomala*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Fusivoluta anomala***<br>(Martens, 1902) | |
|


title: Music to Driveby

abstract: Music to Driveby is the third studio album by American gangsta rap group Compton's Most Wanted. It was released on September 29, 1992 through Orpheus/Epic Records. Recording sessions took place at Big Beat Soundlabs in Los Angeles and at Slips X Factor Studios in Inglewood from May 18 to June 9, 1992. Production was handled by members DJ Slip, MC Eiht and DJ Mike T, as well as The Unknown DJ and Ric Roc. It features contributions from William "Willie Z" Zimmerman on background vocals, keyboards, saxophone and harmonica, EMmage on backing vocals, and guest appearance by Scarface of Geto Boys. The album peaked at number 66 on the Billboard 200 and at number 20 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart in the United States. Along with the singles, music videos were produced for the songs "Hood Took Me Under" and "Def Wish II".

text:
# Music to Driveby

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *RapReviews* | 8/10 |
| *The Source* |  |

***Music to Driveby*** is the third studio album by American gangsta rap group Compton's Most Wanted. It was released on September 29, 1992 through Orpheus/Epic Records. Recording sessions took place at Big Beat Soundlabs in Los Angeles and at Slips X Factor Studios in Inglewood from May 18 to June 9, 1992. Production was handled by members DJ Slip, MC Eiht and DJ Mike T, as well as The Unknown DJ and Ric Roc. It features contributions from William "Willie Z" Zimmerman on background vocals, keyboards, saxophone and harmonica, EMmage on backing vocals, and guest appearance by Scarface of Geto Boys.

The album peaked at number 66 on the *Billboard* 200 and at number 20 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart in the United States. Along with the singles, music videos were produced for the songs "Hood Took Me Under" and "Def Wish II".

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Aaron Tyler, except track 9 written with Brad Jordan

| No. | Title | Music | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Intro" | A. Tyler |  | 0:21 |
| 2. | "Hit the Floor" | T. Allen | DJ Slip | 1:49 |
| 3. | "Hood Took Me Under" | M. Bryant | DJ Mike T | 3:39 |
| 4. | "Jack Mode" | T. Allen | DJ Slip | 3:16 |
| 5. | "Compton 4 Life" | A. Simon | Master Ric Roc | 3:18 |
| 6. | "8 Iz Enough" | T. Allen | DJ Slip | 2:48 |
| 7. | "Duck Sick II" |  | DJ Slip | 3:43 |
| 8. | "Dead Men Tell No Lies" | * A. Tyler * T. Allen | * DJ Slip * MC Eiht | 3:41 |
| 9. | "N 2 Deep" (featuring Scarface) |  | DJ Slip | 3:51 |
| 10. | "Who's Fucking Who?" | * T. Allen * M. Bryant | * DJ Slip * DJ Mike T | 1:47 |
| 11. | "This Is a Gang" | T. Allen | DJ Slip | 3:37 |
| 12. | "Hoodrat" | A. Manuel | The Unknown DJ | 3:56 |
| 13. | "Niggaz Strugglin" |  | * MC Eiht * Master Ric Roc | 3:31 |
| 14. | "I Gots ta Get Over" | * A. Simon * A. Johnson * S. Hudman | * MC Eiht * Master Ric Roc | 3:36 |
| 15. | "U's a Bitch" | A. Manuel | The Unknown DJ | 3:43 |
| 16. | "Another Victim" | * A. Manuel * I. Hayes | The Unknown DJ | 3:51 |
| 17. | "Def Wish II" | A. Manuel | The Unknown DJ | 3:32 |
| 18. | "Music to Driveby" | A. Manuel | The Unknown DJ | 3:31 |
| Total length: | | | | 57:29 |

## Personnel

## Charts

| Chart (1992) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 66 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (*Billboard*) | 20 |

## InfoBox

| Music to Driveby | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Compton's Most Wanted | |
| Released | September 29, 1992 |
| Recorded | May 18 – June 9, 1992 |
| Studio |  |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 57:29 |
| Label |  |
| Producer |  |
| Compton's Most Wanted chronology | |
| *Straight Checkn 'Em*
(1991) ***Music to Driveby***
(1992) *Killafornia Organization*
(1996) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Music to Driveby* | |
| 1. "Hood Took Me Under"
Released: August 20, 1992 2. "Def Wish II"
Released: 1992 | |
|  | |


title: Nuts (album)

abstract: Nuts is an album by Kevin Gilbert, which was released posthumously in 2009. It is a collection of unreleased material from Gilbert's career, which was released simultaneously with Bolts.

text:
# Nuts (album)

***Nuts*** is an album by Kevin Gilbert, which was released posthumously in 2009. It is a collection of unreleased material from Gilbert's career, which was released simultaneously with *Bolts*.

## Track listing

1. "The World Just Gets Smaller" - 5:45
2. "While Heroes Cry" - 3:53
3. "Until I Get Her Back" - 5:22
4. "When Strangers Part" - 3:48
5. "Finally Over You" - 4:19
6. "Circling Winds" - 3:29
7. "Shannon Elizabeth" - 3:10
8. "A Tired Old Man" - 4:20
9. "Childhood's End" - 4:45
10. "Joy Town" (Acoustic Version) - 4:30
11. "Kashmir" (Studio Version, written by Jimmy Page and Robert Plant) - 4:27

## Personnel

* Kevin Gilbert – vocals, guitar, bass, piano, keyboards, programming, sequencing
* Russ Parrish – Bass Guitar on "Joy Town"
* Nick D'Virgilio – percussion on "Joy Town"
* T.A. Ronn – Resonator Guitar on "Joy Town"
* Toss Panos – Drum on "Kashmir"
* Corky James– Guitar on "Kashmir"
* Satnam Ramgotra – Goblet Drum on "Kashmir"
* David Kerzner – Synthesizer on "Kashmir"

## InfoBox

| Nuts | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Kevin Gilbert | |
| Released | 2009 |
| Genre | Electronic, pop, rock |
| Length | 47:48 |
| Label | The Estate of Kevin Gilbert (KMG 006) |
| Producer | Jon Rubin and Kevin Gilbert |
| Kevin Gilbert chronology | |
| *The Shaming of the True*
(2000) ***Nuts***
(2009) *Bolts*
(2009) | |


title: Mvumi Mission

abstract: Mvumi Mission, also Mvumi Misheni in kiswahili, is an administrative ward in the Chamwino District of the Dodoma Region of Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 17,948 people in the ward, from 16,514 in 2012.

text:
# Mvumi Mission

**Mvumi Mission**, also **Mvumi Misheni** in kiswahili, is an administrative ward in the Chamwino District of the Dodoma Region of Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 17,948 people in the ward, from 16,514 in 2012.

## InfoBox

| Mvumi Misheni Kata ya Mvumi Misheni | |
| --- | --- |
| Ward | |
| Mvumi MisheniLocation of Mvumi Misheni | |
| Coordinates: 6°23′10″S 35°54′10″E / 6.38612504°S 35.9028911°E / -6.38612504; 35.9028911 | |
| Country | Tanzania |
| Region | Dodoma Region |
| District | Chamwino District |
| Ward | Mvumi Misheni |
| Population (2016) | |
| Total | 17,948 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (EAT) |