# Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 1901–1903

This is a list of the members of the Australian House of Representatives in the First Australian Parliament, which was elected on 29 and 30 March 1901. There were 75 members, as required by the Constitution, as near as possible to twice the number of Senators which was then 36. South Australia and Tasmania had not been divided into electoral divisions in 1901 which resulted in the particular state voting as a single electorate. There were seven members for South Australia, and five members for Tasmania elected.

King O'Malley, who died in 1953, was the last surviving member of the 1901-1903 House of Representatives. Henry Willis was the last surviving Free Trade member, and Richard Crouch was the last surviving Protectionist member.

## Members

|  | Image | Member | Party | Electorate | State | Term start | Term end | Portfolio | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
|  |  | Fred Bamford
(1849–1934) | Labour | Herbert | Queensland | 30 March 1901 | 3 October 1925 |  | Re-elected |
|
|  |  | (Sir) Edmund Barton
(1849–1920) | Protectionist | Hunter | New South Wales | 30 March 1901 | 30 September 1903 |  | Previously held the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Hastings and Macleay. Resigned in order to become a Justice of the High Court |
|
|  |  | Lee Batchelor
(1865–1911) | Labour | South Australia | South Australia | 30 March 1901 | 16 December 1903 |  | Previously held the South Australian House of Assembly seat of West Adelaide. Transferred to the Division of Boothby when South Australia was abolished in 1903 |
|
|  |  | Sir Langdon Bonython
(1848–1939) | Protectionist | South Australia | South Australia | 30 March 1901 | 16 December 1903 |  | Transferred to the Division of Barker when South Australia was abolished in 1903 |
|
|  |  | Sir Edward Braddon
(1829–1904) | Free Trade | Tasmania | Tasmania | 29 March 1901 | 16 December 1903 |  | Previously held the Tasmanian House of Assembly seat of West Devon. Transferred to the Division of Wilmot when Tasmania was abolished in 1903. Oldest member of the 1901-1903 House of Representatives |
|
|  |  | Thomas Brown
(1861–1934) | Labour | Canobolas | New South Wales | 29 March 1901 | 12 December 1906 |  | Previously held the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Condoublin. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | Norman Cameron
(1851–1931) | Free Trade | Tasmania | Tasmania | 29 March 1901 | 16 December 1903 |  | Failed to win the Division of Denison when Tasmania was abolished in 1903. Later elected to the Division of Wilmot in 1904 |
|
|  |  | John Chanter
(1845–1931) | Protectionist | Riverina | New South Wales | 29 March 1901 | 16 December 1903 |  | Previously held the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Deniliquin. Lost seat. Subsequently regained seat in a 1904 by-election after election results were declared void |
|
|  |  | Austin Chapman
(1864–1926) | Protectionist | Eden-Monaro | New South Wales | 29 March 1901 | 12 January 1926 |  | Previously held the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Braidwood. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | Francis Clarke
(1857–1939) | Protectionist | Cowper | New South Wales | 29 March 1901 | 16 December 1903 |  | Previously held the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Hastings and Macleay. Lost seat |
|
|  |  | Alfred Conroy
(1864–1920) | Free Trade | Werriwa | New South Wales | 29 March 1901 | 12 December 1906 |  | Re-elected |
|
|  |  | James Hume Cook
(1866–1942) | Protectionist | Bourke | Victoria | 29 March 1901 | 13 April 1910 |  | Previously held the Victorian Legislative Assembly seat of East Bourke Boroughs. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | Joseph Cook
(1860–1947) | Free Trade | Parramatta | New South Wales | 30 March 1901 | 11 November 1921 |  | Previously held the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Hartley. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | Samuel Cooke
(1847–1929) | Free Trade | Wannon | Victoria | 29 March 1901 | 23 November 1903 |  | Previously a member of the Victorian Legislative Council. Retired |
|
|  |  | Richard Crouch
(1868–1949) | Protectionist | Corio | Victoria | 29 March 1901 | 13 April 1910 |  | Re-elected |
|
|  |  | George Cruickshank
(1853–1904) | Protectionist | Gwydir | New South Wales | 29 March 1901 | 23 November 1903 |  | Previously held the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Inverell. Retired |
|
|  |  | Alfred Deakin
(1856–1919) | Protectionist | Ballaarat | Victoria | 30 March 1901 | 23 April 1913 |  | Previously held the Victorian Legislative Assembly seat of Essendon and Flemington. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | George Edwards
(1855–1911) | Free Trade | South Sydney | New South Wales | 29 March 1901 | 8 November 1906 |  | Re-elected |
|
|  |  | Richard Edwards
(1842–1915) | Protectionist | Oxley | Queensland | 30 March 1901 | 23 April 1913 |  | Re-elected |
|
|  |  | Thomas Ewing
(1856–1920) | Protectionist | Richmond | New South Wales | 29 March 1901 | 19 February 1910 |  | Previously held the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Lismore. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | Andrew Fisher
(1862–1928) | Labour | Wide Bay | Queensland | 30 March 1901 | 26 October 1915 |  | Previously held the Legislative Assembly of Queensland seat of Gympie. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | Sir John Forrest
(1847–1918) | Protectionist | Swan | Western Australia | 29 March 1901 | 2 September 1918 |  | Previously held the Western Australian Legislative Assembly seat of Bunbury. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | James Fowler
(1863–1940) | Labour | Perth | Western Australia | 29 March 1901 | 16 December 1922 |  | Re-elected |
|
|  |  | George Fuller
(1861–1940) | Free Trade | Illawarra | New South Wales | 30 March 1901 | 31 May 1913 |  | Previously held the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Kiama. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | Sir Philip Fysh
(1835–1919) | Protectionist | Tasmania | Tasmania | 29 March 1901 | 16 December 1903 |  | Previously held the Tasmanian House of Assembly seat of Hobart. Transferred to the Division of Denison when Tasmania was abolished in 1903 |
|
|  |  | Paddy Glynn
(1855–1931) | Free Trade | South Australia | South Australia | 30 March 1901 | 16 December 1903 |  | Previously held the South Australian House of Assembly seat of North Adelaide. Transferred to the Division of Angas when South Australia was abolished in 1903 |
|
|  |  | Arthur Groom
(1852–1922) | Free Trade | Flinders | Victoria | 29 March 1901 | 23 November 1903 |  | Previously held the Victorian Legislative Assembly seat of Gippsland West. Retired |
|
|  |  | Littleton Groom
(1867–1936) | Protectionist | Darling Downs | Queensland | 14 September 1901 | 12 October 1929 |  | Re-elected |
|
|  |  | William Henry Groom
(1833–1901) | Protectionist | Darling Downs | Queensland | 30 March 1901 | 8 August 1901 |  | Previously held the Legislative Assembly of Queensland seat of Drayton and Toowoomba. Died in office |
|
|  |  | Robert Harper
(1842–1919) | Protectionist | Mernda | Victoria | 29 March 1901 | 23 April 1913 |  | Previously held the Victorian Legislative Assembly seat of East Bourke. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | William Hartnoll
(1841–1932) | Free Trade | Tasmania | Tasmania | 26 March 1902 | 16 December 1903 |  | Previously held the Tasmanian House of Assembly seat of Launceston. Failed to win the Division of Bass when Tasmania was abolished in 1903 |
|
|  |  | H. B. Higgins
(1842–1919) | Protectionist | Northern Melbourne | Victoria | 30 March 1901 | 12 October 1906 |  | Previously held the Victorian Legislative Assembly seat of Geelong. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | (Sir) Frederick Holder
(1850–1909) | Free Trade | South Australia | South Australia | 30 March 1901 | 9 May 1901 |  | Previously held the South Australian House of Assembly seat of Burra. Transferred to the Division of Wakefield when South Australia was abolished in 1903 |
|  | | | Independent | | | 9 May 1901 | 16 December 1903 | | |
|
|  |  | Billy Hughes
(1862–1952) | Labour | West Sydney | New South Wales | 29 March 1901 | 5 May 1917 |  | Previously held the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Sydney-Lang. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | Isaac Isaacs
(1855–1948) | Protectionist | Indi | Victoria | 29 March 1901 | 12 October 1906 |  | Previously held the Victorian Legislative Assembly seat of Bogong. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | Thomas Kennedy
(1860–1929) | Protectionist | Moira | Victoria | 29 March 1901 | 12 December 1906 |  | Previously held the Victorian Legislative Assembly seat of Benalla and Yarrawonga. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | Charles Kingston
(1850–1908) | Protectionist | South Australia | South Australia | 30 March 1901 | 16 December 1903 |  | Previously held the South Australian House of Assembly seat of West Adelaide. Transferred to the Division of Adelaide when South Australia was abolished in 1903 |
|
|  |  | John Kirwan
(1869–1949) | Free Trade | Kalgoorlie | Western Australia | 29 March 1901 | 16 December 1903 |  | Lost seat. Later elected to the Western Australian Legislative Council in 1908. Youngest member of the 1901-1903 House of Representatives |
|
|  |  | William Knox
(1850–1913) | Free Trade | Kooyong | Victoria | 29 March 1901 | 26 July 1910 |  | Previously a member of the Victorian Legislative Council. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | Sir William Lyne
(1844–1913) | Protectionist | Hume | New South Wales | 29 March 1901 | 31 May 1913 |  | Previously held the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Hume. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | Thomas Macdonald-Paterson
(1844–1906) | Protectionist | Brisbane | Queensland | 30 March 1901 | 1903 |  | Previously held the Legislative Assembly of Queensland seat of Brisbane North. Lost preselection and then lost seat |
|  | | | Independent Protectionist | | | 1903 | 16 December 1903 | | |
|
|  |  | Hugh Mahon
(1857–1931) | Labour | Coolgardie | Western Australia | 29 March 1901 | 31 May 1913 |  | Re-elected |
|
|  |  | Chester Manifold
(1867–1918) | Protectionist | Corangamite | Victoria | 29 March 1901 | 23 November 1903 |  | Retired |
|
|  |  | Samuel Mauger
(1857–1936) | Protectionist | Melbourne Ports | Victoria | 29 March 1901 | 12 December 1906 |  | Previously held the Victorian Legislative Assembly seat of Footscray. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | James McCay
(1864–1930) | Protectionist | Corinella | Victoria | 29 March 1901 | 12 December 1906 |  | Previously held the Victorian Legislative Assembly seat of Castlemaine. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | James McColl
(1844–1929) | Protectionist | Echuca | Victoria | 29 March 1901 | 8 November 1906 |  | Previously held the Victorian Legislative Assembly seat of Gunbower. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | Charles McDonald
(1860–1925) | Labour | Kennedy | Queensland | 30 March 1901 | 13 November 1925 |  | Previously held the Legislative Assembly of Queensland seat of Flinders. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | Sir Malcolm McEacharn
(1852–1910) | Protectionist | Melbourne | Victoria | 29 March 1901 | 10 March 1904 |  | 1903 election results declared void. Lost seat in subsequent by-election |
|
|  |  | Allan McLean
(1840–1911) | Protectionist | Gippsland | Victoria | 29 March 1901 | 12 December 1906 |  | Previously held the Victorian Legislative Assembly seat of Gippsland North. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | Francis McLean
(1863–1926) | Free Trade | Lang | New South Wales | 29 March 1901 | 23 November 1903 |  | Previously held the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Marrickville. Did not contest in 1903. Failed to win the Division of Hume |
|
|  |  | Sir William McMillan
(1850–1926) | Free Trade | Wentworth | New South Wales | 29 March 1901 | 23 November 1903 |  | Previously held the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Burwood. Retired |
|
|  |  | King O'Malley
(1858–1953) | Protectionist | Tasmania | Tasmania | 29 March 1901 | June 1901 |  | Previously held the South Australian House of Assembly seat of Encounter Bay. Transferred to the Division of Darwin when Tasmania was abolished in 1903. Last surviving member of the 1901-1903 House of Representatives |
|  | | | Labour | | | June 1901 | 16 December 1903 | | |
|
|  |  | Jim Page
(1861–1921) | Labour | Maranoa | Queensland | 30 March 1901 | 3 June 1921 |  | Re-elected |
|
|  |  | Alexander Paterson
(1844–1908) | Independent Free Trade | Capricornia | Queensland | 30 March 1901 | 23 November 1903 |  | Retired |
|
|  |  | Pharez Phillips
(1855–1914) | Protectionist | Wimmera | Victoria | 29 March 1901 | 8 November 1906 |  | Previously a member of the Victorian Legislative Council. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | Frederick William Piesse
(1848–1902) | Free Trade | Tasmania | Tasmania | 29 March 1901 | 6 March 1902 |  | Previously held the Tasmanian Legislative Council seat of Buckingham. Died in office |
|
|  |  | Alexander Poynton
(1853–1935) | Free Trade | South Australia | South Australia | 30 March 1901 | 16 December 1903 |  | Previously held the South Australian House of Assembly seat of Flinders. Transferred to the Division of Grey when South Australia was abolished in 1903 |
|
|  |  | Sir John Quick
(1852–1932) | Protectionist | Bendigo | Victoria | 29 March 1901 | 23 April 1913 |  | Previously held the Victorian Legislative Assembly seat of Sandhurst. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | George Reid
(1845–1918) | Free Trade | East Sydney | New South Wales | 29 March 1901 | 18 August 1903 |  | Previously held the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Sydney-King. Re-elected |
|  | | | | | | 4 September 1903 | 24 December 1909 | | |
|
|  |  | James Ronald
(1861–1941) | Labour | Southern Melbourne | Victoria | 29 March 1901 | 12 December 1906 |  | Re-elected |
|
|  |  | Carty Salmon
(1860–1917) | Protectionist | Laanecoorie | Victoria | 29 March 1901 | 23 April 1913 |  | Previously held the Victorian Legislative Assembly seat of Talbot and Avoca. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | William Sawers
(1844–1916) | Protectionist | New England | New South Wales | 29 March 1901 | 16 December 1903 |  | Previously held the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Tamworth. Lost seat |
|
|  |  | Thomas Skene
(1845–1910) | Free Trade | Grampians | Victoria | 29 March 1901 | 8 November 1906 |  | Re-elected |
|
|  |  | Bruce Smith
(1851–1937) | Free Trade | Parkes | New South Wales | 29 March 1901 | 13 December 1919 |  | Previously held the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Glebe. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | Sydney Smith
(1856–1934) | Free Trade | Macquarie | New South Wales | 29 March 1901 | 12 December 1906 |  | Previously held the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Canterbury. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | Elias Solomon
(1839–1909) | Free Trade | Fremantle | Western Australia | 29 March 1901 | 16 December 1903 |  | Previously held the Western Australian Legislative Assembly seat of South Fremantle. Lost seat |
|
|  |  | Vaiben Louis Solomon
(1853–1908) | Free Trade | South Australia | South Australia | 30 March 1901 | 16 December 1903 |  | Previously held the South Australian House of Assembly seat of Northern Territory. Failed to win the Division of Boothby when South Australia was abolished in 1903. Later elected to the South Australian House of Assembly seat of Northern Territory in 1905 |
|
|  |  | William Spence
(1846–1926) | Labour | Darling | New South Wales | 29 March 1901 | 5 May 1917 |  | Previously held the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Cobar. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | Josiah Thomas
(1863–1933) | Labour | Barrier | New South Wales | 29 March 1901 | 5 May 1917 |  | Previously held the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Alma. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | Dugald Thomson
(1849–1922) | Free Trade | North Sydney | New South Wales | 29 March 1901 | 19 February 1910 |  | Previously held the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Warringah. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | Sir George Turner
(1851–1916) | Protectionist | Balaclava | Victoria | 30 March 1901 | 8 November 1906 |  | Previously held the Victorian Legislative Assembly seat of St Kilda. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | Frank Tudor
(1866–1922) | Labour | Yarra | Victoria | 30 March 1901 | 10 January 1922 |  | Re-elected |
|
|  |  | David Watkins
(1863–1933) | Labour | Newcastle | New South Wales | 29 March 1901 | 8 April 1935 |  | Previously held the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Wallsend. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | Chris Watson
(1867–1941) | Labour | Bland | New South Wales | 30 March 1901 | 12 December 1906 |  | Previously held the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Young. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | James Wilkinson
(1854–1915) | Independent Labour | Moreton | Queensland | 30 March 1901 | 12 December 1906 |  | Previously held the Legislative Assembly of Queensland seat of Ipswich. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | Bill Wilks
(1863–1940) | Free Trade | Dalley | New South Wales | 29 March 1901 | 13 April 1910 |  | Previously held the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Balmain North. Re-elected |
|
|  |  | Henry Willis
(1860–1950) | Free Trade | Robertson | New South Wales | 29 March 1901 | 13 April 1910 |  | Re-elected |

1. There was no national Labour Party organisation at the time of the 1901 election. Members categorised as "Labour" were endorsed by their various state Labour parties.
2. There was no national Protectionist party organisation at the time of the 1901 election. Members categorised as "Protectionist" were those who accepted the leadership of Edmund Barton.
3. The Free Trade Party, then known as the Australian Free Trade and Liberal Association, was the only national political party at the 1901 election.


title: Mobara Station

abstract: Mobara Station is a passenger railway station located in the city of Mobara, Chiba Prefecture Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company.

text:
# Mobara Station

**Mobara Station** (茂原駅, *Mobara-eki*) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Mobara, Chiba Prefecture Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East).

## Lines

Mobara Station is served by the Sotobō Line, and is located 34.3 km (21.3 mi) from the starting point of the line at Chiba Station. Limited express *Wakashio* services from Tokyo to Awa-Kamogawa stop at this station.

## Station layout

The station consists of two elevated island platforms serving four tracks, with the station building underneath. The station has a Talking reserved-seat ticket machines(話せる指定席券売機).

### Platforms

| **1** | Sotobō Line | for Soga, Chiba, Kaihimmakuhari, and Tokyo |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **2** | Sotobō Line | for Soga, Chiba, Kaihimmakuhari, and Tokyo |
| **3** | Sotobō Line | for Kazusa-Ichinomiya, Katsuura, and Awa-Kamogawa |
| **4** | Sotobō Line | for Kazusa-Ichinomiya, Katsuura, and Awa-Kamogawa |

## History

Mobara Station opened on 17 April 1897, as **Mohara Station** (茂原駅, *Mohara-eki*) on the Bōsō Railway. It was absorbed into the Japanese Government Railways on 1 September 1907. From 1909 to 1926 it was also the terminal of the Chōnan-Mobara-Kan Jinsha Kidō (庁南茂原間人車軌道), a human-powered railway extending to Chōnan, Chiba. On 1 August 1930, the station became the terminus of the Nansō Railway (南総鉄道, *Nansō Tetsudō*), which became the Sotobō Line from 1939. It was renamed to its present name on 10 July 1935. It joined the JR East network upon the privatization of the Japanese National Railways (JNR) on 1 April 1987.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 10,901 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

## Surrounding area

Media related to Mobara Station at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Mobara Station
茂原駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| Mobara Station south exit in 2021 | |
| General information | |
| Location | 1 Machibo, Mobara-shi, Chiba-ken 297-0022
Japan |
| Coordinates | 35°25′37″N 140°18′14″E / 35.4269°N 140.304°E / 35.4269; 140.304 |
| Operated by | JR East |
| Line(s) | Sotobō Line |
| Distance | 34.3 km from Chiba |
| Platforms | 2 island platforms |
| Tracks | 4 |
| Connections | Bus stop |
| Other information | |
| Status | Staffed (Talking reserved-seat ticket machine(話せる指定席券売機)) |
| Website | Official website |
| History | |
| Opened | 17 April 1897 (1897-04-17) |
| Previous names | Mohara (until 1935) |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| FY2019 | 10,901 daily |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  JR East Following station  Ōamitowards Tokyo  *Wakashio*  Kazusa-Ichinomiyatowards Awa-Kamogawa  Shin-Mobara(limited service)towards Soga  Sotobō Line**Keiyō Rapid**  Yatsumi(limited service)towards Katsuura  Ōamitowards Chiba  Sotobō Line**Sobū Rapid**  Kazusa-IchinomiyaTerminus  Shin-Mobaratowards Soga or Chiba  Sotobō LineLocal  Yatsumitowards Awa-Kamogawa | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Mobara StationLocation within Chiba PrefectureMobara StationMobara Station (Japan) | |


title: Parafluda

abstract: Parafluda is a monotypic genus of jumping spiders containing the single species, Parafluda banksi. It was first described by Arthur Merton Chickering in 1946, and is only found in Argentina and Panama. The name is a combination of the Ancient Greek "para" (παρά), meaning "alongside", and the salticid genus Fluda. The species is named in honor of Nathan Banks.

text:
# Parafluda

***Parafluda*** is a monotypic genus of jumping spiders containing the single species, ***Parafluda banksi***. It was first described by Arthur Merton Chickering in 1946, and is only found in Argentina and Panama. The name is a combination of the Ancient Greek "para" (παρά), meaning "alongside", and the salticid genus *Fluda*. The species is named in honor of Nathan Banks.

## InfoBox

| *Parafluda* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Salticidae |
| Subfamily: | Salticinae |
| Genus: | *Parafluda*
Chickering, 1946 |
| Species: | ***P. banksi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Parafluda banksi***
Chickering, 1946 | |
|


title: Ott's Assay Office

abstract: Ott's Assay Office is a historic assay office located at 130 Main Street in Nevada City, California. The building was constructed in 1851 as a drug store; James J. Ott opened his assay office in the back of the store in 1857. In 1859, Ott assayed a sample of silver ore discovered in the Washoe Country; this ore marked the discovery of the Comstock Lode, and the resulting silver rush eventually led to Nevada's statehood and several advancements in mining technology. The silver rush also gave Ott a reputation as a quality assayer; he ran his office until his death in 1907, and his son continued the business until 1955. The adjoining building, which shares a common wall and is often considered part of the same building, was built in 1855. It served as the offices of the South Yuba Canal Company, which was formed in 1851 to bring water to the gold mines north of Nevada City. The company owned the oldest mining ditches in California, and it was the first in the United States to provide water to gravel mining operations. By 1855, it had become California's largest ditch company. The buildings were added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 14, 1975.

text:
# Ott's Assay Office

**Ott's Assay Office** is a historic assay office located at 130 Main Street in Nevada City, California. The building was constructed in 1851 as a drug store; James J. Ott opened his assay office in the back of the store in 1857. In 1859, Ott assayed a sample of silver ore discovered in the Washoe Country; this ore marked the discovery of the Comstock Lode, and the resulting silver rush eventually led to Nevada's statehood and several advancements in mining technology. The silver rush also gave Ott a reputation as a quality assayer; he ran his office until his death in 1907, and his son continued the business until 1955.

The adjoining building, which shares a common wall and is often considered part of the same building, was built in 1855. It served as the offices of the South Yuba Canal Company, which was formed in 1851 to bring water to the gold mines north of Nevada City. The company owned the oldest mining ditches in California, and it was the first in the United States to provide water to gravel mining operations. By 1855, it had become California's largest ditch company.

The buildings were added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 14, 1975.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Ott's Assay Office | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 130 Main St., Nevada City, California |
| Coordinates | 39°15′47″N 121°0′56″W / 39.26306°N 121.01556°W / 39.26306; -121.01556 |
| Area | 0.1 acres (0.040 ha) |
| Built | 1863 (1863) |
| NRHP reference No. | 75000447 |
| Added to NRHP | April 14, 1975 |


title: Guangdong International Building

abstract: The Guangdong International Building or Guangdong International Hotel is a 63-storey, 200 m (660 ft) skyscraper in Guangzhou, China. The tower was designed by Rong Baisheng of the Guangdong Provincial Architectural Design and Research Institute in 1985. When completed in 1990, it was the tallest building in China and the first 200-metre skyscraper in the country.

text:
# Guangdong International Building

The **Guangdong International Building** or **Guangdong International Hotel** is a 63-storey, 200 m (660 ft) skyscraper in Guangzhou, China. The tower was designed by Rong Baisheng of the Guangdong Provincial Architectural Design and Research Institute in 1985. When completed in 1990, it was the tallest building in China and the first 200-metre skyscraper in the country.

## InfoBox

| Guangdong International Building | |
| --- | --- |
| 广东国际大厦 | |
| Guangdong International Building | |
|  | |
| Alternative names | GITIC Plaza Hotel
Guangdong International Hotel |
| General information | |
| Status | Completed |
| Type | hotel
Commercial offices |
| Architectural style | Modernism |
| Location | 339 Huanshi Road East
Guangzhou, China |
| Coordinates | 23°08′28″N 113°16′39″E / 23.14111°N 113.27750°E / 23.14111; 113.27750 |
| Construction started | 1985 |
| Completed | 1990 |
| Height | |
| Roof | 200 m (660 ft) |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 63
3 below ground |
| Floor area | 150,000 m2 (1,600,000 sq ft) |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Rong Baisheng, Guangdong Provincial Architectural Design & Research Institute |
| References | |
|  | |


title: Adrian van Hooydonk

abstract: Adrian van Hooydonk, is a Dutch automobile designer and BMW Group's Design Director. He is based in Munich, Germany.

text:
# Adrian van Hooydonk

**Adrian van Hooydonk** (born 21 June 1964 in Echt, Limburg), is a Dutch automobile designer and BMW Group's Design Director. He is based in Munich, Germany.

## Biography

He studied at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands, where he received his diploma in 1988. His career started off with one year as a freelance designer, followed in 1989 as a product designer with GE Plastics Europe, and then returned to study Automotive Design Studies at Art Center Europe in Vevey, Switzerland.

## Work at BMW

He joined BMW in 1992 as an automotive exterior designer in Munich, Germany. In 2000 he was Head of Automotive Exterior Design at BMW's industrial design centre DesignworksUSA, quickly becoming the president of Designworks in 2001. He left Designworks in 2005 to be promoted to head up the Brand Design Studio, under the direction of the BMW Group Design Director Chris Bangle, and in 2009 became Director of BMW Group Design, succeeding Chris Bangle as the head of design for the company. As head of group design he oversees the design work of BMW, Mini and Rolls-Royce. He credits Italian architect Mario Bellini as one of his most influential designers.

### Attributed designs

## InfoBox

| Adrian van Hooydonk | |
| --- | --- |
| Adrian van Hooydonk at Geneva Motor Show 2018 | |
| Born | (1964-06-21) 21 June 1964
Echt, Netherlands |
| Nationality | Dutch |
| Education | Delft University of Technology |
| Occupation | Car designer |
| Years active | 1992-present |
| Employer | BMW |
| Notable work | BMW 7 Series (2001)
BMW Z9 (1999) |


title: My Life (Kids in the Kitchen song)

abstract: "My Life" is a song by Australian pop/new wave group Kids in the Kitchen. The song was released in November 1985 as the sixth and final single from their debut album, Shine (1985). The song peaked at number 74 on the Australian Kent Music Report. The group performed the song live on Countdown.

text:
# My Life (Kids in the Kitchen song)

"**My Life**" is a song by Australian pop/new wave group Kids in the Kitchen. The song was released in November 1985 as the sixth and final single from their debut album, *Shine* (1985). The song peaked at number 74 on the Australian Kent Music Report.

The group performed the song live on Countdown.

## Track listing

**7"** (K9885)

* Side A "My Life" (single edit)
* Side B1 "Fun - Take One"
* Side B2 "Frog"

## Charts

### Weekly charts

| Chart (1985) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australian Kent Music Report | 74 |
|

## InfoBox

| "My Life" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Kids in the Kitchen | |
| from the album  *Shine* | |
| Released | November 1985 |
| Studio | Platinum Studios, Melbourne |
| Genre | New wave, Poprock |
| Label | Mushroom Records |
| Songwriter(s) | Bruce Curnow, Craig Harnath, Greg Dorman, Greg Woodhead, Scott Carne |
| Producer(s) | Mark S. Berry |
| Kids in the Kitchen singles chronology | |
| "Current Stand"
(1985) "**My Life**"
(1985) "Out of Control"
(1986) | |


title: Pyrenopsis

abstract: Pyrenopsis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Lichinaceae. It contains 12 species. The genus was circumscribed by the Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1858.

text:
# Pyrenopsis

***Pyrenopsis*** is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Lichinaceae. It contains 12 species. The genus was circumscribed by the Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1858.

## Species

As of January 2024, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accept 12 species of *Pyrenopsis*.

## InfoBox

| *Pyrenopsis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Pyrenopsis polycocca* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lichinomycetes |
| Order: | Lichinales |
| Family: | Lichinaceae |
| Genus: | *Pyrenopsis*
Nyl. (1858) |
|
| Type species | |
| *Pyrenopsis fuscatula*
Nyl. (1858) | |


title: Reina Mercedes

abstract:
Reina Mercedes refers to several topics:
  - "Reina Mercedes" is Spanish for "Queen Mercedes," and refers to Mercedes of Orleans, Queen Consort of Spain, wife of Alfonso XII.
  - Reina Mercedes was a Spanish cruiser that fought in the Spanish–American War.
  - USS Reina Mercedes was a ship in the United States Navy.
  - Reina Mercedes is a municipality in the Philippines.
  - Reina Mercedes Hospital, demolished to build the Cuban ice cream parlour Coppelia

text:
# Reina Mercedes

**Reina Mercedes** refers to several topics:

* "Reina Mercedes" is Spanish for "Queen Mercedes," and refers to Mercedes of Orleans, Queen Consort of Spain, wife of Alfonso XII.
* *Reina Mercedes* was a Spanish cruiser that fought in the Spanish–American War.
* USS *Reina Mercedes* was a ship in the United States Navy.
* Reina Mercedes is a municipality in the Philippines.
* Reina Mercedes Hospital, demolished to build the Cuban ice cream parlour Coppelia


title: Meisserite

abstract: Meisserite is a very rare uranium mineral with the formula Na5(UO2)(SO4)3(SO3OH)(H2O). It is interesting in being a natural uranyl salt with hydrosulfate (hydroxysulfate) anion, a feature shared with belakovskiite. Other chemically related minerals include fermiite, oppenheimerite, natrozippeite and plášilite. Most of these uranyl sulfate minerals was originally found in the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA. The mineral is named after Swiss mineralogist Nicolas Meisser.

text:
# Meisserite

**Meisserite** is a very rare uranium mineral with the formula Na5(UO2)(SO4)3(SO3OH)(H2O). It is interesting in being a natural uranyl salt with hydrosulfate (hydroxysulfate) anion, a feature shared with belakovskiite. Other chemically related minerals include fermiite, oppenheimerite, natrozippeite and plášilite. Most of these uranyl sulfate minerals was originally found in the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA. The mineral is named after Swiss mineralogist Nicolas Meisser.

## Association and origin

Meisserite is associated with other sulfate minerals: belakovskiite, johannite, chalcanthite, copiapite, ferrinatrite, and gypsum. It is resulting from post-mining oxidation of the primary uranium mineral - uraninite.

## Crystal structure

The crystal structure of meisserite is unique. The building elements include:

* pentagonal bipyramids of uranyl groups
* SO4 groups

These elements link to form chains. Sodium cations are bonded to oxygen atoms in chains, to hydrosulfate groups and water.

1. Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". *Mineralogical Magazine*. **85** (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
2. Plášil, J., Kampf, A.R., Kasatkin, A.V., and Marty, J., Škoda, R., Silva, S., and Čejka, J., 2013. Meisserite, Na5(UO2)(SO4)3(SO3OH)(H2O), a new uranyl sulfate mineral from the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA. Mineralogical Magazine 77(7), 2975-2978
3. "Belakovskiite: Belakovskiite mineral information and data". *Mindat.org*. Retrieved 2016-03-10.
4. "Meisserite - Handbook of Mineralogy" (PDF). *Handbookofmineralogy.org*. Retrieved 2016-03-10.
5. "Fermiite: Fermiite mineral information and data". *Mindat.org*. Retrieved 2016-03-10.
6. "Oppenheimerite: Oppenheimerite mineral information and data". *Mindat.org*. Retrieved 2016-03-10.
7. "Natrozippeite: Natrozippeite mineral information and data". *Mindat.org*. Retrieved 2016-03-10.
8. "Plášilite: Plášilite mineral information and data". *Mindat.org*. Retrieved 2016-03-10.
9. "Blue Lizard Mine, Chocolate Drop, Red Canyon, White Canyon District, San Juan Co., Utah, USA - Mindat.org". *Mindat.org*. Retrieved 2016-03-10.

## InfoBox

| Meisserite | |
| --- | --- |
| General | |
| Category | Sulfate mineral |
| Formula
(repeating unit) | Na5(UO2)(SO4)3(SO3OH)(H2O) |
| IMA symbol | Mss |
| Crystal system | Triclinic |
| Crystal class | Pinacoidal (1)
(same H-M symbol) |
| Space group | *P*1 |
| Unit cell | a = 5.32, b = 11.51,
c = 13.56 \[Å\], α = 102.96°,
β = 97.41°, γ = 91.46° (approximated); Z = 2 |
| Identification | |
| Color | Pale green to yellowish-green |
| Crystal habit | prismatic |
| Cleavage | {100} and {001}, fair |
| Tenacity | Very brittle |
| Mohs scale hardness | 2 |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Streak | Very pale yellow |
| Diaphaneity | Translucent to transparent |
| Density | 3.21 (calculated) (approximated) |
| Optical properties | Biaxal (-) |
| Refractive index | nα=1.51, nβ=1.55, nγ=1.56 (approximated) |
| Pleochroism | Colorless (X), pale yellow (Y), pale greenish-yellow (Z) |
| 2V angle | 60o |
| Dispersion | Weak |
| Other characteristics | Radioactive |
| References |  |


abstract: This is a list of the members of the Australian House of Representatives in the Fourth Australian Parliament, which was elected on 13 April 1910.

text:
# Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 1910–1913

This is a list of the members of the Australian House of Representatives in the **Fourth Australian Parliament**, which was elected on 13 April 1910.

| Member | Party | | Electorate | State | In office |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Frank Anstey |  | Labor | Bourke | Vic | 1910 |
| William Archibald * |  | Labor | Hindmarsh | SA | 1910 |
| Llewellyn Atkinson |  | Liberal | Wilmot | Tas | 1906 |
| Frederick Bamford |  | Labor | Herbert | Qld | 1901 |
| Lee Batchelor |  | Labor | Boothby | SA | 1901 |
| Henry Beard |  | Labor | Batman | Vic | 1910 |
| Thomas Brown |  | Labor | Calare | NSW | 1901–1906, 1906 |
| George Cann |  | Labor | Nepean | NSW | 1910 |
| Ernest Carr |  | Labor | Macquarie | NSW | 1906 |
| James Catts |  | Labor | Cook | NSW | 1906 |
| John Chanter |  | Labor | Riverina | NSW | 1901–1903, 1904 (by-election) |
| Austin Chapman * |  | Liberal | Eden-Monaro | NSW | 1901 |
| Matthew Charlton |  | Labor | Hunter | NSW | 1910 |
| Joseph Cook |  | Liberal | Parramatta | NSW | 1901 |
| Alfred Deakin |  | Liberal | Ballarat | Vic | 1901 |
| George Edwards |  | Liberal | North Sydney | NSW | 1901–1906, 1910 |
| Richard Edwards |  | Liberal | Oxley | Qld | 1901 |
| George Fairbairn |  | Liberal | Fawkner | Vic | 1906 |
| James Fenton |  | Labor | Maribyrnong | Vic | 1910 |
| William Finlayson |  | Labor | Brisbane | Qld | 1910 |
| Andrew Fisher |  | Labor | Wide Bay | Qld | 1901 |
| Sir John Forrest |  | Liberal | Swan | WA | 1901 |
| Frank Foster |  | Labor | New England | NSW | 1906 |
| Richard Foster |  | Liberal | Wakefield | SA | 1909 (by-election) |
| James Fowler |  | Liberal | Perth | WA | 1901 |
| Charlie Frazer |  | Labor | Kalgoorlie | WA | 1903 |
| George Fuller |  | Liberal | Illawarra | NSW | 1901 |
| Paddy Glynn * |  | Liberal | Angas | SA | 1901 |
| Littleton Groom |  | Liberal | Darling Downs | Qld | 1901 |
| David Hall |  | Labor | Werriwa | NSW | 1906 |
| Robert Harper |  | Liberal | Mernda | Vic | 1901 |
| William Hedges |  | Liberal | Fremantle | WA | 1906 |
| William Higgs |  | Labor | Capricornia | Qld | 1910 |
| Robert Howe |  | Labor | Dalley | NSW | 1910 |
| Billy Hughes |  | Labor | West Sydney | NSW | 1901 |
| Hans Irvine |  | Liberal | Grampians | Vic | 1906 |
| William Irvine |  | Liberal | Flinders | Vic | 1906 |
| Jens Jensen |  | Labor | Bass | Tas | 1910 |
| Elliot Johnson |  | Liberal | Lang | NSW | 1903 |
| William Johnson |  | Labor | Robertson | NSW | 1910 |
| Willie Kelly |  | Liberal | Wentworth | NSW | 1903 |
| William Knox |  | Liberal | Kooyong | Vic | 1901 |
| William Laird Smith |  | Labor | Denison | Tas | 1910 |
| John Livingston |  | Liberal | Barker | SA | 1906 |
| Sir William Lyne |  | Independent | Hume | NSW | 1901 |
| Charles McDonald |  | Labor | Kennedy | Qld | 1901 |
| John McDougall |  | Labor | Wannon | Vic | 1906 |
| William McWilliams |  | Liberal | Franklin | Tas | 1903 |
| Hugh Mahon |  | Labor | Coolgardie | WA | 1901 |
| William Maloney |  | Labor | Melbourne | Vic | 1906 |
| Walter Massy-Greene |  | Liberal | Richmond | NSW | 1910 |
| James Mathews |  | Labor | Melbourne Ports | Vic | 1906 |
| Parker Moloney |  | Labor | Indi | Vic | 1910 |
| King O'Malley |  | Labor | Darwin | Tas | 1901 |
| Alfred Ozanne |  | Labor | Corio | Vic | 1910 |
| Jim Page |  | Labor | Maranoa | Qld | 1901 |
| Albert Palmer |  | Liberal | Echuca | Vic | 1906 |
| Alexander Poynton * |  | Labor | Grey | SA | 1901 |
| Sir John Quick |  | Liberal | Bendigo | Vic | 1901 |
| Edward Riley |  | Labor | South Sydney | NSW | 1910 |
| Ernest Roberts |  | Labor | Adelaide | SA | 1908 (by-election) |
| Carty Salmon |  | Liberal | Laanecoorie | Vic | 1901 |
| Sydney Sampson |  | Liberal | Wimmera | Vic | 1906 |
| James Scullin |  | Labor | Corangamite | Vic | 1910 |
| Hugh Sinclair |  | Liberal | Moreton | Qld | 1906 |
| Bruce Smith |  | Liberal | Parkes | NSW | 1901 |
| William Spence |  | Labor | Darling | NSW | 1901 |
| Josiah Thomas |  | Labor | Barrier | NSW | 1901 |
| John Thomson |  | Liberal | Cowper | NSW | 1906 |
| Frank Tudor |  | Labor | Yarra | Vic | 1901 |
| David Watkins |  | Labor | Newcastle | NSW | 1901 |
| William Webster |  | Labor | Gwydir | NSW | 1903 |
| John West |  | Labor | East Sydney | NSW | 1910 |
| George Wise |  | Independent | Gippsland | Vic | 1906 |
| Agar Wynne |  | Liberal | Balaclava | Vic | 1906 |

* These candidates were elected unopposed.

1. The Commonwealth Liberal Party, or the **Fusion Party**, was formed in 1909 when the Protectionist Party merged with the Free Trade Party.
2. Lee Batchelor died in 1911, and was replaced by David Gordon (Commonwealth Liberal) at the resulting by-election on 11 November 1911.
3. Henry Beard died in 1911, and was replaced by Frank Brennan (Labor) at the resulting by-election on 8 February 1911.
4. Thomas Brown was first elected in 1901 to the Division of Canobolas, which was abolished at the 1906 redistribution.
5. John Chanter was first elected in 1901, defeated at the 1903 election, but then re-elected at a by-election in 1904.
6. George Edwards died in 1911, and was replaced by Granville Ryrie (Commonwealth Liberal) at the resulting by-election on 11 March 1911.
7. George Edwards was first elected in 1901 to the Division of South Sydney, but retired before the 1906 election.
8. James Fowler joined the Commonwealth Liberal Party in 1909 having previously been a Labor member.
9. David Hall resigned in 1912, and was replaced by Benjamin Bennett (Labor) at the resulting by-election on 1 June 1912.
10. William Higgs previously sat in the Australian Senate as a Senator for Queensland from 1901 to 1907.
11. William Knox resigned in 1910, and was replaced by Sir Robert Best (Commonwealth Liberal) at the resulting by-election on 29 August 1910.
12. Sir William Lyne stood as an independent, having previously been a member of the Protectionist Party.
13. George Wise stood as an independent, having previously been a member of the Protectionist Party.


title: Wild Dog Diaries

abstract: Wild Dog Diaries is a wildlife film portraying the behaviour of wild dogs. The film was directed by the photographer duo of Krupakar-Senani and mainly filmed in the Bandipur National Park and the Mudumalai National Park of India.

text:
# Wild Dog Diaries

***Wild Dog Diaries*** is a wildlife film portraying the behaviour of wild dogs (*Cuon alpinus*). The film was directed by the photographer duo of Krupakar-Senani and mainly filmed in the Bandipur National Park and the Mudumalai National Park of India.

## Premise

The film centres around a pack of dholes, canids native to Central and Southeast Asia. The dhole is a highly social animal, living in large clans without rigid dominance hierarchies. Such clans usually consist of 12 individuals, but groups of over 40 are known. It is a diurnal pack hunter which preferentially targets medium and large sized ungulates. It is listed as Endangered by the IUCN, on account of its decreasing population, which is now estimated at less than 2,500 adults. Factors contributing to this decline include habitat loss, loss of prey, competition with other species, persecution, and disease transfer from domestic dogs.

## Production

The film was produced for the National Geographic Channel and completed in the year 2006. It was shot over a period of 12 years . The shooting of the film was a difficult task because of the elusive nature of the dhole and the forest terrain. While shooting for this film, Krupakar-Senani were kidnapped and held captive by the forest brigand, Veerappan.

## Story line

The film uncovers the life of Krupakar, a film maker who wants to make a film on dhole, but is abandoning the venture because of its elusive behaviour. He encounters a local tribesman, who gives insights on how to track the animal. The pack hunts together and various instances where they co-ordinate to kill a prey is shown. The meat that the adult dogs eat is regurgitated and the bones separated which is offered to the smaller pups as their meal. The film also shows how the adults protect the pups. Two female dogs which have strayed from another pack try to join this pack. The female leader of the pack, sensing that she might lose out on the male dogs in her pack, tries to prevent them from joining the pack. But the newcomers manage to lure away some males from the pack and start their own.

## Awards

The film won the Festival Grand Award 2007 in the Japanese Wildlife Film Festival held in Toyama, Japan where it beat 320 other entries to win it. It also won the Best Film award in the environment film festival, *Vatavaran 2007* held in New Delhi. The film won the best documentary film award in Asian television awards, Singapore 2007

## InfoBox

| Wild Dog Diaries | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Senani Hegde |
| Written by | N Bhanutej |
| Produced by | Krupakar Senani Features Limited for National Geographic Channel |
| Narrated by | Christopher Hooke |
| Edited by | Saravanakumar<br>Ecotone |
| Music by | Ravish K P |
| Release date | * 2006 (2006) |
| Running time | 47 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | English |


title: Guise baronets

abstract: There have been two baronetcies created for the Guise family, one in the Baronetage of England and one in the Baronetage of Great Britain. The latter creation is extant as of 2014. The Guise Baronetcy, of Elmore in the County of Gloucester, was created in the Baronetage of England on 10 July 1661 for Christopher Guise, Member of Parliament for Gloucestershire. The second Baronet also sat as Member of Parliament for Gloucestershire. The third represented Gloucestershire and Great Marlow in the House of Commons. The fourth Baronet was Member of Parliament for Aylesbury. The fifth Baronet represented Gloucestershire in Parliament. This title became extinct on his death in 1783. The Guise Baronetcy, of Highnam Court in the County of Gloucester, was created in the Baronetage of Great Britain on 9 December 1783 for John Guise, the cousin and heir male of the last Baronet of the 1661 creation. He was the great-grandson of Henry Guise, younger brother of the first baronet. The second Baronet sat as MP for Gloucestershire and Gloucestershire East. His brother General Sir John Wright Guise, 3rd Baronet, commanded a Guards battalion in the Peninsular War. The fourth, fifth, and sixth Baronets all served as High Sheriff of Gloucestershire. The family surname is pronounced "Guys", as in the "Guy's" of "Guy's Hospital". The family seat is Elmore Court, in the parish of Elmore, Gloucestershire.

text:
# Guise baronets

There have been two **baronetcies** created for the **Guise** family, one in the Baronetage of England and one in the Baronetage of Great Britain. The latter creation is extant as of 2014.

The **Guise Baronetcy**, of Elmore in the County of Gloucester, was created in the Baronetage of England on 10 July 1661 for Christopher Guise, Member of Parliament for Gloucestershire. The second Baronet also sat as Member of Parliament for Gloucestershire. The third represented Gloucestershire and Great Marlow in the House of Commons. The fourth Baronet was Member of Parliament for Aylesbury. The fifth Baronet represented Gloucestershire in Parliament. This title became extinct on his death in 1783.

The **Guise Baronetcy**, of Highnam Court in the County of Gloucester, was created in the Baronetage of Great Britain on 9 December 1783 for John Guise, the cousin and heir male of the last Baronet of the 1661 creation. He was the great-grandson of Henry Guise, younger brother of the first baronet. The second Baronet sat as MP for Gloucestershire and Gloucestershire East. His brother General Sir John Wright Guise, 3rd Baronet, commanded a Guards battalion in the Peninsular War.

The fourth, fifth, and sixth Baronets all served as High Sheriff of Gloucestershire.

The family surname is pronounced "Guys", as in the "Guy's" of "Guy's Hospital".

The family seat is Elmore Court, in the parish of Elmore, Gloucestershire.

## Guise baronets, of Elmore (1661)

## Guise baronets, of Highnam (1783)

The heir apparent is the present holder's son, Wylder James Guise (born 2010)

## Arms

The Guise coat of arms, as displayed above the front door of Elmore Court, is blazoned *Gules, seven lozenges conjoined vairé three, three and one*.

In 1863 the third baronet was granted heraldic supporters, usually only borne by peers, to descend to heirs male on succession to the baronetcy. The motto is *Quo honestior eo tutior*, The more honest, the more safe.

* Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). *Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage* (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990.


title: Jenny Galloway

abstract: Jenny Galloway is a British actress and singer best known for her stage career, which includes Madame Thénardier in Les Misérables. She has received numerous awards and nominations, winning the 1999 Olivier Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Musical for her performance in Mamma Mia!. She had previously won the award seven years earlier for her portrayal of the character Luce in George Abbott's The Boys from Syracuse. Galloway can be heard on the cast recordings of Les Misérables 10th Anniversary Concert, Les Misérables 25th Anniversary Concert, Oliver!, Mamma Mia! and Mary Poppins. In the 2001 ITV children's series Weirdsister College, Galloway portrayed the college porter known as the Beetle. Her film credits include In Transit, About a Boy, Fierce Creatures and the role of the Foreign Secretary in Johnny English. She appeared in Madame de Sade alongside Judi Dench and Deborah Findlay as Charlotte in 2008. Galloway had a principal role in a fifth series episode of Marple, The Pale Horse, alongside Julia McKenzie. Her role was Bella Ellis – the town's local witch and cook to Thyrza Grey – who are considered prime suspects at many points during the episode. The episode aired as the first part of the fifth series in the UK in August 2010, before the fourth series had finished airing. She reprised her role as Madame Thénardier in the 25th Anniversary Concert of Les Misérables at the O2 Arena in October 2010. She was briefly reunited with her former co-star Alun Armstrong at the end of the performance, when he appeared alongside the rest of the original cast of the musical for the finale. She and Armstrong had appeared as the Thénardiers in the 10th Anniversary Concert at the Royal Albert Hall. Galloway also played the character in the 2006 Broadway revival of the show. Galloway worked at the Watermill Theatre, Newbury, Berkshire in 1982, returning periodically, to assist stage management, drive the van, and lead sing-alongs. In 2013, she appeared as Sister Thomas in the Father Brown episode "The Bride of Christ". In 2017, she featured as the Nanny in the film adaptation of Agatha Christie's Crooked House, alongside Glenn Close, Max Irons and Terence Stamp. In March 2023, she appeared in an episode of the BBC soap opera Doctors as Mrs Garton-Hill.

text:
# Jenny Galloway

**Jenny Galloway** is a British actress and singer best known for her stage career, which includes Madame Thénardier in *Les Misérables*.

She has received numerous awards and nominations, winning the 1999 Olivier Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Musical for her performance in *Mamma Mia!*. She had previously won the award seven years earlier for her portrayal of the character Luce in George Abbott's *The Boys from Syracuse*.

Galloway can be heard on the cast recordings of *Les Misérables 10th Anniversary Concert*, *Les Misérables 25th Anniversary Concert*, *Oliver!*, *Mamma Mia!* and *Mary Poppins*.

In the 2001 ITV children's series *Weirdsister College,* Galloway portrayed the college porter known as the Beetle.

Her film credits include *In Transit*, *About a Boy*, *Fierce Creatures* and the role of the Foreign Secretary in *Johnny English*. She appeared in *Madame de Sade* alongside Judi Dench and Deborah Findlay as Charlotte in 2008.

Galloway had a principal role in a fifth series episode of *Marple,* *The Pale Horse,* alongside Julia McKenzie. Her role was Bella Ellis – the town's local witch and cook to Thyrza Grey (played by Pauline Collins) – who are considered prime suspects at many points during the episode. The episode aired as the first part of the fifth series in the UK in August 2010, before the fourth series had finished airing.

She reprised her role as Madame Thénardier in the 25th Anniversary Concert of *Les Misérables* at the O2 Arena in October 2010. She was briefly reunited with her former co-star Alun Armstrong at the end of the performance, when he appeared alongside the rest of the original cast of the musical for the finale. She and Armstrong had appeared as the Thénardiers in the 10th Anniversary Concert at the Royal Albert Hall. Galloway also played the character in the 2006 Broadway revival of the show.

Galloway worked at the Watermill Theatre, Newbury, Berkshire in 1982, returning periodically, to assist stage management, drive the van, and lead sing-alongs.

In 2013, she appeared as Sister Thomas in the *Father Brown* episode "The Bride of Christ". In 2017, she featured as the Nanny in the film adaptation of Agatha Christie's *Crooked House,* alongside Glenn Close, Max Irons and Terence Stamp. In March 2023, she appeared in an episode of the BBC soap opera *Doctors* as Mrs Garton-Hill.

## Theatre credits

## Selected filmography


title: My Life (Slaughterhouse song)

abstract: "My Life" is the second single by hip hop group Slaughterhouse from their album Welcome to: Our House. The song features artist Cee Lo Green and production by Streetrunner and Sarom. The song samples Corona's song "The Rhythm of The Night". It was available to purchase on iTunes on May 15, 2012.

text:
# My Life (Slaughterhouse song)

"**My Life**" is the second single by hip hop group Slaughterhouse from their album *Welcome to: Our House*. The song features artist Cee Lo Green and production by Streetrunner and Sarom. The song samples Corona's song "The Rhythm of The Night". It was available to purchase on iTunes on May 15, 2012.

## Music video

A music video for the song was released on June 20, 2012 under VEVO on YouTube. It features a cameo appearance by rapper Eminem, which comes before the song starts.

## Track listing

Digital single

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "My Life" (featuring Cee Lo Green) |  |  | 4:25 |

Notes * **^\[a\]**  signifies a co-producer.

## Release history

| Country | Date | Format | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | May 15, 2012 | Digital download | Shady, Interscope |
|

## Charts

| Chart (2012) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (*Billboard*) | 8 |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 87 |
| US Heatseakers Songs | 22 |
| US Digital Songs | 57 |
|

## InfoBox

| "My Life" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Slaughterhouse featuring Cee Lo Green | |
| from the album  *Welcome to: Our House* | |
| Released | May 15, 2012 |
| Genre | Hip hop |
| Length | 4:25 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | * StreetRunner * Raymond "Sarom" Diaz * Eminem (co.) |
| Slaughterhouse singles chronology | |
| "Hammer Dance"
(2012) "**My Life**"
(2012) "Goodbye"
(2012) | |


title: Pyrenostigme

abstract: Pyrenostigme is a genus of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown. A monotypic genus, it contains the single species Pyrenostigme siparunae.

text:
# Pyrenostigme

***Pyrenostigme*** is a genus of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown (*incertae sedis*). A monotypic genus, it contains the single species ***Pyrenostigme siparunae***.

## InfoBox

| *Pyrenostigme* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Subdivision: | Pezizomycotina |
| Class: | Dothideomycetes |
| Order: | *incertae sedis* |
| Family: | *incertae sedis* |
| Genus: | ***Pyrenostigme***
Syd. |
|
| Type species | |
| ***Pyrenostigme siparunae***
Syd. | |


title: Reina Lewis

abstract: Reina Lewis is a British art historian and author. She is currently a Professor of Cultural Studies at the London College of Fashion at the University of the Arts London.

text:
# Reina Lewis

**Reina Lewis** (born 1963) is a British art historian and author. She is currently a Professor of Cultural Studies at the London College of Fashion at the University of the Arts London.

## Early life

Lewis was born in northeast London. She trained in Fine Art and Art History at the University of Leeds, and received her MA in English: Critical Theory from Sussex University. Her PhD in Humanities at Middlesex University on western women orientalist artists and writers marked a new development in understandings of gender and imperial cultures.

## Career

Lewis's research has focused upon postcolonial history, Middle Eastern and Ottoman women's history, lesbian and gay studies and studies of other minority groups. Her 2015 book *Muslim Fashion* drew on over ten years of research into the subject, in particular the use of the hijab as a fashion statement. The launch of the book was combined with a London College of Fashion panel discussion on "Muslim Fashion: recent histories, future directions". In 2016, she was an introducer for the foundation of the British Asian Fashion Network. A frequent media commentator, Lewis's writings and opinion have appeared across the global media in more recently *The New York Times*, *Le Monde*, *The Guardian*, *The Times*, and *Marie Claire* magazine, and she is regularly to be heard on BBC Radio 4.

Alongside authoring a number of seminal texts on gender and orientalism and queer visual culture, Lewis has also acted as consultant curator on the exhibition Contemporary Muslim Fashions at the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (September 2018 – January 2019, touring to Germany in spring 2019, and the Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum, New York (2020–21).

## Works

* Gendering Orientalism: Race, Femininity and Representation (1995) ISBN 0415124905
* Rethinking Orientalism: Women, Travel and the Ottoman Harem (2004) ISBN 1860647308
* Gender, Modernity & Liberty: Middle Eastern and Western Women's Writings: A Critical Sourcebook (2006) ISBN 9781860649578
* The poetics and politics of place: Ottoman Istanbul and British orientalism (2011) ISBN 9780295991108
* Modest fashion: styling bodies, mediating faith. Dress Cultures (2013) ISBN 9781780763828
* Muslim Fashion: Contemporary Style Cultures (2015) ISBN 978-0-8223-5914-2
* Uncovering Modesty: Dejabis and Dewigies Expanding the Parameters of the Modest Fashion Blogosphere (2015) ISSN 1362-704X

## Reports

* (Lewis R, Aune K, and Molokotos-Liederman L), Modest Fashion in UK Women’s Working Life: A report for fashion and the creative industries and creative arts education (2021) ISBN 9781906908669
* (Aune K, Lewis R, and Molokotos-Liederman L). Modest Fashion in UK Women’s Working Life: A report for employers, HR professionals, religious organisations, and policymakers (2021)ISBN 9781906908652

Source:

Source:

## InfoBox

| Reina Lewis | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | British |
| Occupation | Art historian |
| Notable work | Muslim Fashion: Contemporary Style Cultures |


title: Melck's house bat

abstract: Melck's house bat is a species of vesper bat. It is found in Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Madagascar. Its natural habitat is savanna.

text:
# Melck's house bat

**Melck's house bat** (***Neoromicia melckorum***) is a species of vesper bat. It is found in Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Madagascar. Its natural habitat is savanna.

## InfoBox

| Melck's house bat | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Chiroptera |
| Family: | Vespertilionidae |
| Genus: | *Neoromicia* |
| Species: | ***N. melckorum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Neoromicia melckorum***
Roberts, 1919 | |
|
|  | |
| Known localities of the bat *Neoromicia melckorum* on Madagascar (mainland African distribution not shown) | |
| Synonyms | |
| *Eptesicus melckorum* Roberts, 1919 | |


title: Men's FIH Hockey World Cup

abstract: The Men's FIH Hockey World Cup is an international field hockey competition organised by the International Hockey Federation. The tournament was started in 1971. It is held every four years, bridging the four years between the Summer Olympics. Pakistan is the most successful team, having won the tournament four times. The Netherlands, Australia, and Germany have each won three titles. Belgium and India have both won the tournament once. The 2023 tournament was held in Bhubaneswar, India from 13 to 29 January. Germany defeated Belgium in a penalty shoot-out 5–4 after the match ended in a 3–3 draw to win their third World Cup title. The World Cup expanded to 16 teams in 2018.

text:
# Men's FIH Hockey World Cup

The **Men's FIH Hockey World Cup** is an international field hockey competition organised by the International Hockey Federation. The tournament was started in 1971. It is held every four years, bridging the four years between the Summer Olympics. Pakistan is the most successful team, having won the tournament four times. The Netherlands, Australia, and Germany have each won three titles. Belgium and India have both won the tournament once.

The 2023 tournament was held in Bhubaneswar, India from 13 to 29 January. Germany defeated Belgium in a penalty shoot-out 5–4 after the match ended in a 3–3 draw to win their third World Cup title. The World Cup expanded to 16 teams in 2018.

## History

The Hockey World Cup was first conceived by Pakistan's Air Marshal Nur Khan. He proposed his idea to the FIH through Patrick Rowley, the first editor of *World Hockey* magazine. Their idea was approved on 26 October 1969 and adopted by the FIH Council at a meeting in Brussels on 12 April 1970. The FIH decided that the inaugural World Cup would be held in October 1971, in Pakistan.

However, political issues would prevent that first competition from being played in Pakistan. The FIH had inadvertently scheduled the first World Cup to be played in Pakistan during the Bangladesh Liberation War. Furthermore, Pakistan and India had been at war with each other only six years earlier. When Pakistan invited India to compete in the tournament, a crisis arose. Pakistanis, led by cricketer Abdul Hafeez Kardar, protested against India's participation in the Hockey World Cup.

Given the intense political climate between Pakistan and India, the FIH decided to move the tournament elsewhere. In March 1971, coincidentally in the same month Bangladesh declared independence from Pakistan, the FIH decided to move the first Hockey World Cup to the Real Club de Polo grounds in Barcelona, Spain, which was considered a neutral and peaceful European site.

The FIH has set no requirements or limitations on the size of the competition. The 1971 Cup included only ten nations, the smallest World Cup. The 1978 Cup featured fourteen nations. The 2002, 2018 and 2023 Cups featured sixteen nations. The remaining 10 World Cups have featured 12 nations.

The first three tournaments were held every two years. The 1978 Cup was the only tournament held three years from the previous one. It was halfway between the Summer Olympics hockey competition and has continued that way. In other words, the tournament has been held every four years ever since.

## Trophy

The Hockey World Cup trophy was designed by the Bashir Moojid and created by the Pakistani Army. On 27 March 1971, in Brussels, the trophy was formally handed to FIH President Rene Frank by Mr H.E Masood, the Pakistani Ambassador to Belgium. The trophy consists of a silver cup with an intricate floral design, surmounted by a globe of the world in silver and gold, placed on a high blade base inlaid with ivory. At its peak is a model hockey stick and ball. Without its base, the trophy stands 120.85 mm (4.758 in) high. Including the base, the trophy stands 650 mm (26 in). It weighs 11,560  (408 oz), including 895 g (31.6 oz) of gold, 6,815 g (240.4 oz) of silver, 350 g (12 oz) of ivory and 3,500 g (120 oz) of teak.

## Format

The Hockey World Cup consists of a qualification stage and a final tournament stage. The format for each stage is the same.

### Qualification

The qualification stage has been a part of the Hockey World Cup since 1977. All participating teams play in the qualification round. The teams divide into two or more pools and compete for a berth in the final tournament. The top two teams are automatically qualified and the rest of the berths are decided in playoffs.

### Final tournament

The final tournament features the continental champions and other qualified teams. Sometimes it also features the winners of the Summer Olympics' hockey competition or the continental runners-up. The teams divide into pools once more and play a round robin tournament. The composition of the pools is determined using the current FIH World Rankings.

## Results

### Summaries

| Year | Host |  | Final | | |  | Third place match | | |  | Number of teams |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Winner | Score | Runner-up | | Third place | Score | Fourth place | | |
| 1971
*Details* | Barcelona, Spain | | **
Pakistan** | **1–0** |
Spain | |
India | **2–1**
after extra time |
Kenya | | 10 |
| 1973
*Details* | Amstelveen, Netherlands | | **
Netherlands** | **2–2**
**(4–2)**
penalty strokes |
India | |
West Germany | **1–0** |
Pakistan | | 12 |
| 1975
*Details* | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | | **
India** | **2–1** |
Pakistan | |
West Germany | **4–0** |
Malaysia | | 12 |
| 1978
*Details* | Buenos Aires, Argentina | | **
Pakistan** | **3–2** |
Netherlands | |
Australia | **4–3** |
West Germany | | 14 |
| 1982
*Details* | Bombay, India | | **
Pakistan** | **3–1** |
West Germany | |
Australia | **4–2** |
Netherlands | | 12 |
| 1986
*Details* | London, England | | **
Australia** | **2–1** |
England | |
West Germany | **3–2**
after extra time |
Soviet Union | | 12 |
| 1990
*Details* | Lahore, Pakistan | | **
Netherlands** | **3–1** |
Pakistan | |
Australia | **2–1**
after extra time |
West Germany | | 12 |
| 1994
*Details* | Sydney, Australia | | **
Pakistan** | **1–1**
**(4–3)**
penalty strokes |
Netherlands | |
Australia | **5–2** |
Germany | | 12 |
| 1998
*Details* | Utrecht, Netherlands | | **
Netherlands** | **3–2**
after extra time |
Spain | |
Germany | **1–0** |
Australia | | 12 |
| 2002
*Details* | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | | **
Germany** | **2–1** |
Australia | |
Netherlands | **2–1**
after extra time |
South Korea | | 16 |
| 2006
*Details* | Mönchengladbach, Germany | | **
Germany** | **4–3** |
Australia | |
Spain | **3–2**
after extra time |
South Korea | | 12 |
| 2010
*Details* | New Delhi, India | | **
Australia** | **2–1** |
Germany | |
Netherlands | **4–3** |
England | | 12 |
| 2014
*Details* | The Hague, Netherlands | | **
Australia** | **6–1** |
Netherlands | |
Argentina | **2–0** |
England | | 12 |
| 2018
*Details* | Bhubaneswar, India | | **
Belgium** | **0–0
(3–2)**
penalty shootout |
Netherlands | |
Australia | **8–1** |
England | | 16 |
| 2023
*Details* | Bhubaneswar & Rourkela, India | | **
Germany** | **3–3
(5–4)**
penalty shootout |
Belgium | |
Netherlands | **3–1** |
Australia | | 16 |
| 2026
*Details* | Wavre, Belgium & Amstelveen, Netherlands | |  |  |  | |  |  |  | | 16 |

### Successful national teams

Twenty seven teams have qualified for a Hockey World Cup. Of these, thirteen teams have made it to the semifinals. Eight teams have made it through to the finals.

To date, the most successful teams are Pakistan, with four titles from six final appearances, the Netherlands, with three titles from seven final appearances, Germany and Australia with three titles from five final appearances, while India and Belgium won their lone titles in 1975 and 2018, respectively.

Below is a list of teams that have finished in the top four positions in the tournament:

Teams reaching the top four
| Team | Champions | Runners-up | Third place | Fourth place |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Pakistan | 4 (1971, 1978, 1982, 1994) | 2 (1975, 1990\*) |  | 1 (1973) |
| Netherlands | 3 (1973\*, 1990, 1998\*) | 4 (1978, 1994, 2014\*, 2018) | 3 (2002, 2010, 2023) | 1 (1982) |
| Australia | 3 (1986, 2010, 2014) | 2 (2002, 2006) | 5 (1978, 1982, 1990, 1994\*, 2018) | 2 (1998, 2023) |
| Germany^ | 3 (2002, 2006\*, 2023) | 2 (1982, 2010) | 4 (1973, 1975, 1986, 1998) | 3 (1978, 1990, 1994) |
| India | 1 (1975) | 1 (1973) | 1 (1971) |  |
| Belgium | 1 (2018) | 1 (2023) |  |  |
| Spain |  | 2 (1971\*, 1998) | 1 (2006) |  |
| England |  | 1 (1986\*) |  | 3 (2010, 2014, 2018) |
| Argentina |  |  | 1 (2014) |  |
| South Korea |  |  |  | 2 (2002, 2006) |
| Kenya |  |  |  | 1 (1971) |
| Malaysia |  |  |  | 1 (1975\*) |
| Soviet Union# |  |  |  | 1 (1986) |

* = *host country* ^ = *includes results representing West Germany between 1971 and 1990* # = *states that have since split into two or more independent countries*

### Performance by host nations

Nine nations have hosted the Hockey World Cup. Only the Netherlands (1973 and 1998) and Germany (2006) have won the tournament as hosts. Spain, England, and Pakistan emerged as host runners-up in the 1971, 1986 and 1990 tournaments. Australia placed third when it hosted the 1994 tournament in Sydney.

### Performance by continental zones

To date, the finals of the Hockey World Cup have been contested by Asian, European and Oceania continental teams. European teams have won the most with six titles, followed by Asian teams with five titles. Australia is the only team from Oceania to win the tournament. Neither the Americas nor Africa have ever won the title.

| Continent | Best performance |
| --- | --- |
| Europe | 7 titles, won by the Netherlands (3), Germany (3) and Belgium (1) |
| Asia | 5 titles, won by Pakistan (4) and India (1) |
| Oceania | 3 titles, won by Australia |
| Americas | Third place (Argentina, 2014) |
| Africa | Fourth place (Kenya, 1971) |

## Team appearances

| Team |
1971 |
1973 |
1975 |
1978 |
1982 |
1986 |
1990 |
1994 |
1998 |
2002 |
2006 |
2010 |
2014 |
2018 |
2023 |

2026 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Argentina | 10th | 9th | 11th | 8th | 12th | 6th | 9th | 7th |  | 6th | 10th | 7th | **3rd** | 7th | 9th |  | **14** |
| Australia | 8th |  | 5th | **3rd** | **3rd** | **1st** | **3rd** | **3rd** | 4th | **2nd** | **2nd** | **1st** | **1st** | **3rd** | 4th | Q | **15** |
| Belarus | *Part of the Soviet Union* | | | | | | | 12th |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | **1** |
| Belgium |  | 8th |  | 14th |  |  |  | 11th |  | 14th |  |  | 5th | **1st** | **2nd** | Q | **8** |
| Canada |  |  |  | 11th |  | 10th | 11th |  | 8th |  |  | 11th |  | 11th |  |  | **6** |
| Chile |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15th |  | **1** |
| China |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10th |  |  | **1** |
| Cuba |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 16th |  |  |  |  |  |  | **1** |
| England |  | 6th | 6th | 7th | 8th | **2nd** | 5th | 6th | 6th | 7th | 5th | 4th | 4th | 4th | 5th |  | **14** |
| France | 7th |  |  |  |  |  | 7th |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8th | 13th |  | **4** |
| Germany^ | 5th | **3rd** | **3rd** | 4th | **2nd** | **3rd** | 4th | 4th | **3rd** | **1st** | **1st** | **2nd** | 6th | 5th | **1st** |  | **15** |
| Ghana |  |  | 12th |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | **1** |
| India | **3rd** | **2nd** | **1st** | 6th | 5th | 12th | 10th | 5th | 9th | 10th | 11th | 8th | 9th | 6th | 9th |  | **15** |
| Ireland |  |  |  | 12th |  |  | 12th |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14th |  |  | **3** |
| Italy |  |  |  | 13th |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | **1** |
| Japan | 9th | 10th |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12th | 9th |  |  |  | 15th |  | **5** |
| Kenya | 4th | 12th |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | **2** |
| Malaysia |  | 11th | 4th | 10th | 10th |  |  |  | 11th | 8th |  |  | 12th | 15th | 13th |  | **9** |
| Netherlands | 6th | **1st** | 9th | **2nd** | 4th | 7th | **1st** | **2nd** | **1st** | **3rd** | 7th | **3rd** | **2nd** | **2nd** | **3rd** | Q | **16** |
| New Zealand |  | 7th | 7th |  | 7th | 9th |  |  | 10th | 9th | 8th | 9th | 7th | 9th | 7th |  | **11** |
| Pakistan | **1st** | 4th | **2nd** | **1st** | **1st** | 11th | **2nd** | **1st** | 5th | 5th | 6th | 12th |  | 12th |  |  | **13** |
| Poland |  |  | 10th | 9th | 8th | 8th |  |  | 12th | 15th |  |  |  |  |  |  | **6** |
| South Africa |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10th |  | 13th | 12th | 10th | 11th | 16th | 11th |  | **7** |
| South Korea |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8th | 7th | 4th | 4th | 6th | 10th |  | 8th |  | **7** |
| Soviet Union# |  |  |  |  | 6th | 4th | 6th | *Defunct* | | | | | | | | | **3** |
| Spain | **2nd** | 5th | 8th | 5th | 11th | 5th | 8th | 9th | **2nd** | 11th | **3rd** | 5th | 8th | 13th | 6th |  | **15** |
| Wales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11th |  | **1** |
| Total | 10 | 12 | 12 | 14 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 16 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 16 | 16 | 16 |  |

^ = *includes results representing West Germany between 1971 and 1990* # = *states that have since split into two or more independent nations*

Germany, India, the Netherlands and Spain are the only teams to have competed at each World Cup; 27 teams have competed in at least one World Cup.

## Debut of teams

| Year | Debuting teams | | | Successor and
renamed teams |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Teams | No. | CT | |
| 1971 | Argentina,  Australia,  France,  India,  Japan,  Kenya,  Netherlands,  Pakistan,  Spain,  West Germany^ | 10 | 10 |  |
| 1973 | Belgium,  England,  New Zealand,  Malaysia | 4 | 14 |  |
| 1975 | Ghana,  Poland | 2 | 16 |  |
| 1978 | Canada,  Ireland,  Italy | 3 | 19 |  |
| 1982 | Soviet Union# | 1 | 20 |  |
| 1986 |  | 0 | 20 |  |
| 1990 |  | 0 | 20 |  |
| 1994 | Belarus#,  South Africa,  South Korea | 3 | 23 | Germany |
| 1998 |  | 0 | 23 |  |
| 2002 | Cuba | 1 | 24 |  |
| 2006 |  | 0 | 24 |  |
| 2010 |  | 0 | 24 |  |
| 2014 |  | 0 | 24 |  |
| 2018 | China | 1 | 25 |  |
| 2023 | Wales,  Chile | 2 | 27 |  |

*^ = Germany is a successor of West Germany and not a separate team.* *\# = Belarus was a part of Soviet Union but not successor, hence Belarus is a new separate entity.*

Total number of teams which have participated in the World Cups through 2018 is 25, using FIH's view on successor teams

## InfoBox

Men's FIH Hockey World Cup
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Sport | Field hockey |
| Founded | 1971 (1971) |
| First season | 1971 |
| No. of teams | 16 |
| Continent | International (FIH) |
| Most recent
champion(s) | Germany (3rd title)
(2023) |
| Most titles | Pakistan (4 titles) |
| Official website | fih.hockey/world-cup |


title: Wilbur Schramm

abstract: Wilbur Lang Schramm was an American scholar and "authority on mass communications". He founded the Iowa Writers' Workshop in 1936 and served as its first director until 1941. Schramm was hugely influential in establishing communications as a field of study in the United States, and the establishing of departments of communication studies across U.S. universities. Wilbur Schramm is considered the founder of the field of Communication Studies. He was the first individual to identify himself as a communication scholar; he created the first academic degree-granting programs with communication in their name; and he trained the first generation of communication scholars. Schramm's mass communication program in the Iowa School of Journalism was a pilot project for the doctoral program and for the Institute of Communications Research, which he founded in 1947 at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, now housed in the UIUC College of Media. At Illinois, Wilbur Schramm set in motion the patterns of scholarly work in communication study that continue to this day.

text:
# Wilbur Schramm

**Wilbur Lang Schramm** (August 5, 1907 – December 27, 1987) was an American scholar and "authority on mass communications". He founded the Iowa Writers' Workshop in 1936 and served as its first director until 1941. Schramm was hugely influential in establishing communications as a field of study in the United States, and the establishing of departments of communication studies across U.S. universities. Wilbur Schramm is considered the founder of the field of Communication Studies. He was the first individual to identify himself as a communication scholar; he created the first academic degree-granting programs with communication in their name; and he trained the first generation of communication scholars. Schramm's mass communication program in the Iowa School of Journalism was a pilot project for the doctoral program and for the Institute of Communications Research, which he founded in 1947 at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, now housed in the UIUC College of Media. At Illinois, Wilbur Schramm set in motion the patterns of scholarly work in communication study that continue to this day.

## Early life and education

Schramm was born in Marietta, Ohio, to a musically inclined middle-class family whose ancestry hailed from Schrammburg, Germany. His father Arch Schramm played the violin, his mother Louise the piano, and Wilbur Schramm himself played the flute. His father was a lawyer in Marietta, Ohio. Due to their Teutonic name, his father's legal practice suffered. Wilbur Schramm "suffered from a stammer which at times severely hampered his speech, and which he never fully conquered". Schramm developed a severe stutter at age five due to an improperly performed tonsillectomy. Schramm's stutter was traumatic to him and he avoided speaking in public because of it. Instead of giving the valedictory address at his high school graduation, Schramm played the flute.

He graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Marietta College, where he received a bachelor's degree in political science while working as a reporter and editor at *The Marietta Daily Herald*. When he graduated summa cum laude from Marietta College in history and political science in 1929, he did give a valedictory speech. He received a master's degree in American civilization from Harvard University, where he worked as a reporter for *The Boston Herald*.

He left Harvard for Iowa in 1930 (mainly because of Lee Edward Travis's stammering clinic in Iowa City). In 1932, he received a Ph.D. in American literature from the University of Iowa where he studied under Norman Foerster and befriended Wallace Stegner. He wrote his dissertation on Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's epic poem, *The Song of Hiawatha*. Under a National Research Scholarship, he worked with renowned physiological psychologist Carl Seashore and completed a two-year postdoctoral course in psychology and sociology.

## Career

### Early career (1930s)

In 1935 he was hired as an assistant professor in the University of Iowa's English department (and was promoted to associate professor in 1939, full professor in 1941). In 1935, he founded a literary magazine called *American Prefaces: A Journal of Critical and Imaginative Writing*, named so because it sought to "provide a place where young American writers could write the 'prefaces' to their careers." In 1936 he founded the Iowa Writers' Workshop.

His own stories resulted in his award of the O. Henry Prize for fiction in 1942 for his short story "Windwagon Smith." His interests extended beyond the humanistic tradition, and some of his early work examined the economic conditions surrounding the publication of Chaucer's tales, and audience reactions to poetry written in different meters.

The outbreak of World War II led Schramm to join the Office of War Information in 1941 to investigate the nature of propaganda; it was during this time when he began employing behaviorist methodologies.

### Later career (1943–1975)

In 1943, Schramm returned to academia as director of the University of Iowa's School of Journalism. In 1947 he moved to the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign as director of the Institute of Communications Research, which he set up as a "flexible and non-territorial" organization unlike traditional academic departments.

In 1955 he moved to Stanford University to serve as founding director of the Institute for Communication Research until 1973. In 1961 he was appointed Janet M. Peck Professor of International Communication until he retired as professor emeritus in 1973. From 1959 to 1960 he served as a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences. From 1973 to 1975, Schramm served as Director of the East-West Center's Communication Institute in Honolulu, Hawaii, and later held the titles of Director Emeritus and Distinguished Senior Fellow.

In 1959, in an interview published by Canadian Press (CP) on February 3, Schramm stated that communications will become more personalized within the next 10 years and that "It is conceivable that you will be carrying around your own telephone within that time. Readers would be able to phone the news distribution center and say: 'Send me three columns of last night's hockey game and a full review of the Cuban situation.'"

## Later life

In 1977 Schramm settled in Honolulu, Hawaii, and was active at the Communication Institute at the East-West Center until he died on December 27, 1987, at 80 years old at his home. He was survived with his wife Elizabeth, daughter Mary Coberly, and a grandson.

## Development

His academic career took him around the world as he conducted research "evaluating mass communications in Asia and Africa, educational reform in El Salvador, television in American Samoa, the use of satellite broadcasting in India and the design of an open university in Israel".

Schramm was especially influential for his 1964 book *Mass Media and National Development* which was published in conjunction with UNESCO, which effectively began research into the link between the spread of communication technology and socioeconomic development.

In *Mass Media and National Development* (1964) Schramm said that mass media in developing countries needed to play three roles—those of watchdog, policy maker, and teacher for change and modernization.

## Works

He wrote 30 books.

His books include *Mass Media in Modern Society* (1949), *Quality on Educational Television* (1971), and *Circulation of News in the Third World* (1981). Before his death he completed *The Story of Human Communication: Cave Painting to Microchip,* which was published in 1988.

* *Windwagon Smith and Other Yarns*. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Company. 1947.
* Schramm, W. (Ed.). (1949). *Mass Communications*. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
* John W. Riley Jr. (1951). *The Reds Take A City: The Communist Occupation of Seoul, with Eyewitness Accounts*. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press.
* Siebert, F., Peterson, T. & Schramm, W. (1956). *Four Theories of the Press*. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
* Schramm, W. (Ed.). (1960). *Mass Communications* (2nd ed.). Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
* Schramm, W. (1963). *The Science of Human Communication*. New York: Basic Books.
* *Mass Media and National Development: The Role of Information in the Developing Countries*. Stanford University Press. 1964. ISBN 978-0-8047-0227-0.
* Schramm, W. (1988). *The Story of Human Communication: Cave Painting to Microchip*. New York: Harper & Row.
* Schramm, W. (1997). *The Beginnings of Communication Study in America: A Personal Memoir*. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
* Schramm, W., & Lerner, D. (Eds.). (1976). *Communication and Change: The Last Ten Years and the Next*. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press.
* Schramm, W., & Roberts, D. F. (Eds.). (1971). *The Process and Effects of Mass Communication* (Rev. ed.). Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
* (Posthumous) Chaffee, Steven H.; Rogers, Everett M., eds. (1997). *The Beginnings of Communication Study in America: A Personal Memoir*. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. ISBN 978-0-7619-0716-9.

## Contributions

* Wilbur Schramm established the first academic units called "communication" at Illinois and then at Stanford.
* His most important product was undoubtedly the new Ph.D.s in communication who fanned out across the world after studying with Schramm at Stanford, to spread the concept of communication study.

## Bibliography

* Chaffee, S. H. (1988). In Memoriam: Wilbur Schramm, 1907–1987. *The Public Opinion Quarterly*, 52(3), 372–373.
* Chu, G. C. (1977). "Bibliography of the works of Wilbur Schramm." In D. Lerner & L. M. Nelson (Eds.), *Communication Research: A Half-Century Appraisal* (pp. 331–340). Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press.
* Chu, G. C. (1989). Schramm, Wilbur (1907–1987). In E. Barnouw (Ed.), *International encyclopedia of communication* (Vol. 4, pp. 17–18). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
* Rogers, E. M. (1994). *A History of Communication Study: A Biographical Approach*. New York: Free Press.
* Singhal, A. (1987). "Wilbur Schramm: Portrait of a development communication pioneer." *Communicator: Journal of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication*, 22(1-4), 18–22.

## InfoBox

| Wilbur Schramm | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Wilbur Lang Schramm
(1907-08-05)August 5, 1907
Marietta, Ohio |
| Died | December 27, 1987(1987-12-27) (aged 80)
Honolulu, Hawaii |
| Occupation | Journalist, writer, academic |
| Language | English |
| Education | B.A., Marietta College
M.A., Harvard University
Ph.D., University of Iowa |
| Notable works | *Mass Media and National Development* |
| Notable awards | O. Henry Prize |


title: Papparapatti, Salem

abstract: Papparapatti is a census town in Salem district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

text:
# Papparapatti, Salem

**Papparapatti** is a census town in Salem district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

## Demographics

As of the 2001 India census, Papparapatti had a population of 9020. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Papparapatti has an average literacy rate of 56%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 64%, and female literacy is 47%. In Papparapatti, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## InfoBox

| Papparapatti | |
| --- | --- |
| Census town | |
| PapparapattiLocation in Salem, IndiaPapparapattiPapparapatti (Tamil Nadu)PapparapattiPapparapatti (India) | |
| Coordinates: 11°32′43″N 78°04′19″E / 11.54528°N 78.07194°E / 11.54528; 78.07194 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| District | Salem |
| Metro | Salem Metropolitan Area |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 9,020 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Tamil |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |


title: Otogopterus

abstract: Otogopterus is a genus of pterosaur in the family Ctenochasmatidae, known from Early Cretaceous rocks in the Ordos region of Inner Mongolia, China. It contains one species, O. haoae, named in 2020 by Ji Shu'an and Zhang Lifu. The generic name Otogopterus refers to the Otog Banner locality, where it was discovered, while the specific name haoae honours palaeontologist Hao Yinchun. O. haoae is known from a partial lower jaw, which is long and straight, and bears a ridge on each side that divides the outer surface of the jaw. After Ordosipterus, Otogopterus is the second pterosaur known from the Ordos region.

text:
# Otogopterus

***Otogopterus*** (meaning "Otog Banner wing") is a genus of pterosaur in the family Ctenochasmatidae, known from Early Cretaceous rocks in the Ordos region of Inner Mongolia, China (Luohandong Formation). It contains one species, ***O. haoae***, named in 2020 by Ji Shu'an and Zhang Lifu. The generic name *Otogopterus* refers to the Otog Banner locality, where it was discovered, while the specific name *haoae* honours palaeontologist Hao Yinchun. *O. haoae* is known from a partial lower jaw (the mandibular symphysis), which is long and straight, and bears a ridge on each side that divides the outer surface of the jaw. After *Ordosipterus*, *Otogopterus* is the second pterosaur known from the Ordos region.

## InfoBox

| *Otogopterus*
Temporal range: Early Cretaceous, | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Order: | Pterosauria |
| Suborder: | Pterodactyloidea |
| Family: | Ctenochasmatidae |
| Genus: | *Otogopterus*
Ji & Zhang, 2020 |
|
| Type species | |
| ***Otogopterus haoae***
Ji & Zhang, 2020 | |


title: Rebecca Flemming

abstract: Rebecca Flemming is a Classicist. She holds the inaugural A.G. Leventis Chair as Professor of Ancient Greek Scientific and Technological Thought at the University of Exeter.

text:
# Rebecca Flemming

**Rebecca Flemming** is a Classicist. She holds the inaugural A.G. Leventis Chair as Professor of Ancient Greek Scientific and Technological Thought at the University of Exeter.

## Education

Flemming completed her PhD at University College London in 1997. Her doctoral thesis was *Woman as an Object of Medical Knowledge in the Roman Empire, from Celsus to Galen.*

## Career and research

Flemming specialises in medicine, reproduction, pandemics, and gender in classical antiquity. Flemming took up her position at Exeter University in 2022 when the chair was established with a £1.2m donation from the A. G. Leventis Foundation. In 2021, Flemming contributed to an episode of *In Our Time* on the Justinianic Plague.

## Bibliography

* Rebecca Flemming (2021) 'Fertility control in ancient Rome', *Women's History Review*, 30:6, 896–914
* Rebecca Flemming and Laurence Totelin (eds) (2020) *Medicine and Markets in the Graeco-Roman World and Beyond Essays on Ancient Medicine in Honour of Vivian Nutton* (Swansea: The Classical Press of Wales)
* Nick Hopwood, Rebecca Flemming, and Lauren Kassell (eds) (2018) *Reproduction Antiquity to the Present Day* (Cambridge University Press)
* Rebecca Flemming (2000) *Medicine and the Making of Roman Women Gender, Nature, and Authority from Celsus to Galen* (Oxford University Press)


title: Jean d'Estournelles de Constant

abstract: Louis Etienne Jean Léonce Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant de Rebecque was a sailor from France, who represented his country at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Meulan, France. Jean d'Estournelles de Constant, as helmsman of the boat Pierre et Jean, took the 5th place in first race of the 0.5 to 1 ton and did not finish in the second race.

text:
# Jean d'Estournelles de Constant

**Louis Etienne Jean Léonce Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant de Rebecque** (15 September 1859 – 31 July 1949) was a sailor from France, who represented his country at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Meulan, France. Jean d'Estournelles de Constant, as helmsman of the boat *Pierre et Jean*, took the 5th place in first race of the 0.5 to 1 ton and did not finish in the second race.

## Further reading

* *Exposition Universelle Internationale de 1900, Concours D'Exercices Physiques et de Sports* (PDF) (in French). Imprimerie Nationale. 1901. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 May 2008. Retrieved 24 April 2014.

## InfoBox

Jean d'Estournelles de Constant
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Louis Etienne Jean Léonce Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant de Rebecque |
| Born | (1859-09-15)15 September 1859
La Flèche, Second French Empire |
| Died | 31 July 1949(1949-07-31) (aged 89)
Paris, France |
|  | |
| Sailing career | |
| Class | 0 to 0.5 ton
0.5 to 1 ton
Open class |
|  | |


title: Yardbird Suite

abstract: "Yardbird Suite" is a bebop standard composed by jazz saxophonist Charlie Parker in 1946. The title combines Parker's nickname "Yardbird" and a colloquial use of the classical music term "suite". The composition uses an 32-bar AABA form. The "graceful, hip melody, became something of an anthem for beboppers."

text:
# Yardbird Suite

"**Yardbird Suite**" is a bebop standard composed by jazz saxophonist Charlie Parker in 1946. The title combines Parker's nickname "Yardbird" (often shortened to "Bird") and a colloquial use of the classical music term "suite" (in a manner similar to such jazz titles as Lester Young's "Midnight Symphony" and Duke Ellington's "Ebony Rhapsody"). The composition uses an 32-bar AABA form. The "graceful, hip melody, became something of an anthem for beboppers."

## Three Charlie Parker recordings

Although, as Bob Dorough wrote in the liner notes to the re-release of his album *Yardbird Suite*, fans used to follow Parker everywhere he played and often taped his performances, there are only three known commercial recordings of Parker himself playing the tune. The first two were recorded with a septet at Radio Recorders in Hollywood on March 28, 1946. The session was supervised and produced by Ross Russell for his Dial Records label. Besides Parker on alto saxophone was Miles Davis on trumpet, Lucky Thompson on tenor saxophone, pianist Dodo Marmarosa, Arvin Garrison on electric guitar, bassist Vic McMillan, and Roy Porter on drums. The last of four takes became the master (takes two and three are lost), released as 78 shellac single (D 1003).

Never copyrighted, the track was frequently reissued on single 10" EP and, since the mid-1950s, on LP on various labels, in most part together with Parker's other Dial recordings although often also on albums assigned to Miles Davis.

The third known recording of "Yardbird Suite" was a session at the home of Chuck Copely in Hollywood, on February 1, 1947, also recorded by Ross Russell of Dial Records. The track itself is incomplete and, like the two versions of "Lullaby in Rhythm" recorded that day, of poor quality, but nevertheless released on Spotlite, initially in 1972 on *Lullaby in Rhythm Featuring Charlie Parker*.

There are two other recordings of Parker playing the song live, one at the Three Deuces, the other at the Onyx club, recorded by Dean Benedetti.

The Charlie Parker Septet's 1946 master recording of the song was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2014.

## Recordings by others

In 1947, a year after the original recording, Gil Evans had already written an arrangement for Claude Thornhill and His Orchestra in 1947, recorded with Lee Konitz on alto saxophone. Fellow bebop musicians like Al Haig, Bud Powell, Max Roach and Gene Ammons played and recorded the song as well as Gene Krupa with a big band arrangement by Gerry Mulligan in 1958.

Many of the recordings featuring the song are explicit tribute albums to Charlie Parker or a homage to the bebop revolution of the 1940s (cf. album titles in list below). Most interpretations follow the bebop or hard bop idiom. Exceptions may be e.g. the Modern Jazz Quartet that rewrote the song in their chamber music style (*At Music Inn, Vol 2*, 1958). Junior Cook played the tune quiet fast and ends his version citing John Coltrane, whereas Joe Lovano begins his twelve-minute-long interpretation as free floating ballad, then taking up speed in 6/8. Even former free jazz musicians like Archie Shepp and Anthony Braxton remember the avantgarde prior to them, but "pay tribute to the spirit and chance-taking of Charlie Parker rather than to merely recreate the past."

## Other versions