title: Mariano Sevilla

abstract: Mariano Sevilla was a Filipino priest, theologian and writer.

text:
# Mariano Sevilla

**Mariano Sevilla** (Manila, 12 November 1839 - 23 November 1923) was a Filipino priest, theologian and writer.

## Biography

Mariano Sevilla was born on November 12, 1839 in Tondo, Manila. His parents were Tomas Sevilla and Paula Villena. Sevilla was educated at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran and received a Bachelor of Philosophy degree from the University of Santo Tomas (UST) in 1857.

On 1863, Sevilla was ordained as a priest. This was followed by an appointment as coadjutor of the church in San Rafael.

From 1867, he taught at the Real Colegio de San Jose in Manila. He was also secretary of the institution led by Rector Mariano Garcia and he was chaplain of the Beaterio de Santa Rosa.

He continued his studies at the UST, where he obtained his doctorate in theology in 1871.

In 1872, Sevilla was accused of involved in the Cavite Mutiny. He was exiled to the Mariana Islands along with several other priests. He returned to the Philippines in 1877, and worked as a priest and started writing religious literatures in Tagalog.

In 1879 he founded the Colegio de La Sagrada Familia and in 1881 he was appointed chaplain of the military hospital in Manila. Sevilla was arrested and imprisoned after the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution in 1896. He was released in 1898.

Sevilla advocated for unity of state and religion. To express his views on this matter, he founded the daily newspaper El Catolico Filipino, which was circulated in Malolos from 1898 to 1899.

Under the American colinization period, Sevilla co-founded Instituto de Mujeros in 1900, a women's school in Manila. A year later, he was appointed as a priest in Hagonoy.

Sevilla wrote and translated religious literature. For example, he wrote a collection of prayers and chants in Tagalog that are still used today during Flores de Mayo.

Sevilla died in Manila in 1923 at the age of 84, and buried in Bulacan.

1. "Unveiling the "Mariano V. Sevilla" historical marker". *nhcp.gov.ph*. November 22, 2023.
2. "Sandigang Kasaysayan: 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE DEATH. MSGR. MARIANO VILLENA SEVILLA, D.P., PROMOTER OF THE DEVOTION "FLORES DE MAYO" IN THE TAGALOG REGION November 10, 1839 - November 24, 1923 (11.25.23)". *ANG SANDIGAN*. 2023-11-25. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
3. Paular, Regino (1996). *Filipinos in History* (2nd ed.). National Historical Institute. pp. 208–210.
4. "Sandigang Kasaysayan: 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE DEATH. MSGR. MARIANO VILLENA SEVILLA, D.P., PROMOTER OF THE DEVOTION "FLORES DE MAYO" IN THE TAGALOG REGION November 10, 1839 - November 24, 1923 (11.25.23)". *ANG SANDIGAN*. 2023-11-25. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
5. Resurreccion, Lyn (2023-11-21). "Bulacan to mark death centenary of Padre Mariano Sevilla, father of 'Flores de Mayo,' nationalist, religious writer | Lyn Resurreccion". *BusinessMirror*. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
6. Inquirer, Philippine Daily (2023-11-27). "Bulacan honors priest who started 'Flores de Mayo'". *INQUIRER.net*. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
7. Agbayani, Eufemio III (February 16, 2023). "Remember That They Suffered". *nhcp.gov.ph*.
8. Reyes-Estrope, Carmela (2022-10-29). "Preservation of old cemetery arches in Bulacan has to wait". *INQUIRER.net*. Retrieved 2024-01-21.

## InfoBox

| Mariano Sevilla | |
| --- | --- |
| National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP)'s historical marker | |
| Born | (1839-11-12)November 12, 1839<br>Tondo, Manila, Philippines |
| Died | November 23, 1923(1923-11-23) (aged 84) |
| Burial place | Bulacan |
| Nationality | Filipino |
| Education | Philosophy and Theology |
| Alma mater | University of Santo Tomas |
| Organizations | * Hijas y Caballeros de Maria (founder) * Colegio de la Sagrada Familia (founder) * Instituto de Mujeres, 1900, (co-founder) |


title: Vadim Zakharov

abstract: Vadim Zakharov is an internationally exhibited Russian conceptual artist living and working in Moscow and Cologne, Germany. He created the work for the Russian pavilion at the 2013 55th edition of the Venice Biennale. His installation therein marked the first time an artist's work occupied both levels of the structure. Zahkarov is a graduate of the Moscow State Teachers Training Institute.

text:
# Vadim Zakharov

**Vadim Zakharov** (Russian: Вадим Арисович Захаров; born 1959 in Dushanbe, Tajikistan) is an internationally exhibited Russian conceptual artist living and working in Moscow and Cologne, Germany.

He created the work for the Russian pavilion at the 2013 55th edition of the Venice Biennale. His installation therein marked the first time an artist's work occupied both levels of the structure. Zahkarov is a graduate of the Moscow State Teachers Training Institute.


title: Vale do Paraíso (Azambuja)

abstract: Vale do Paraíso is a civil parish in the municipality of Azambuja, Portugal. The population in 2011 was 880, in an area of 4.44 km⁲.

text:
# Vale do Paraíso (Azambuja)

**Vale do Paraíso** is a civil parish in the municipality of Azambuja, Portugal. The population in 2011 was 880, in an area of 4.44 km2.

## InfoBox

| Vale do Paraíso | |
| --- | --- |
| Civil parish | |
| Vale do ParaísoLocation in Portugal | |
| Coordinates: 39°06′54″N 8°53′06″W / 39.115°N 8.885°W / 39.115; -8.885 | |
| Country | Portugal |
| Region | Oeste e Vale do Tejo |
| Intermunic. comm. | Lezíria do Tejo |
| District | Lisbon |
| Municipality | Azambuja |
| Area | |
| Total | 4.44 km2 (1.71 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 880 |
| Density | 200/km2 (510/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC±00:00 (WET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+01:00 (WEST) |


title: Marie Louise Marguerite Belèze

abstract: Marie Louise Marguerite Belèze (1851-1913), also credited as Marguerite Belèze, was a French botanist, taxonomist, and explorer. She collected extensive botanical collections, and is known for her work on the cryptogamic flora surrounding Paris. Some of her plant collections are held at the University of Strasbourg's Herbarium

text:
# Marie Louise Marguerite Belèze

**Marie Louise Marguerite Belèze** (1851-1913), also credited as **Marguerite Belèze**, was a French botanist, taxonomist, and explorer. She collected extensive botanical collections, and is known for her work on the cryptogamic flora surrounding Paris. Some of her plant collections are held at the University of Strasbourg's Herbarium

## Written works

## InfoBox

| Marie Louise Marguerite Belèze | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1851 |
| Died | 1913 |
| Nationality | French |
| Occupation(s) | botanist, taxonomist, and explorer |


title: Marie Louise Marcadet

abstract: Marie Louise Marcadet née Baptiste was a Swedish opera singer and a dramatic stage actress of French origin. She was active in the Royal Swedish Opera as a singer, and in the Royal Dramatic Theatre and the French Theater of Gustav III as an actress. She was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music from 1795.

text:
# Marie Louise Marcadet

**Marie Louise Marcadet** née *Baptiste* (3 December 1758 – 28 February 1804) was a Swedish opera singer and a dramatic stage actress of French origin. She was active in the Royal Swedish Opera as a singer, and in the Royal Dramatic Theatre and the French Theater of Gustav III as an actress. She was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music from 1795.

## Life

Marie Louise Marcadet was born in Sweden as the daughter of the French actors Marie Baptiste and Jacques Anselme Baptiste. Her parents where both engaged at the French theater in Stockholm, and she was trained as a stage artists by them. The Baptiste family left Sweden in 1771, when the French theater was dissolved by Gustav III of Sweden upon his succession to the throne. She returned to Sweden with her parents in 1776, and performed with some of the French actors of the old theater, which entertained the Swedish royal court in a smaller scale, until a new French theater was established in 1781.

In 1780, she married a French dancer at the Royal Swedish Ballet, Jean-Rémy Marcadet, and was thereafter known under the name Marcadet.

### Career

Marie Louise Marcadet was engaged as an opera singer at the Royal Swedish Opera in 1778-95, and as a dramatic stage actress at the French theater in 1781-92, and at the Royal Dramatic Theatre in 1788-95. She made her debut at the Royal Swedish Opera in *Bollhuset* in the opéra bouffon *Les deux avares* by Grétry in the 1777–78 season, and was later the same year acclaimed in *Lucile* by the same composer. She was also active as a stage actress. When a new French theater was founded in 1781, directed by Monvel, she became a part of their company until their dissolution in 1792.

She had an influential position at the opera. On the occasion of her marriage, she was given the opportunity to stage her own production as a benefit performance, which was somewhat controversial and criticized by Gustaf Johan Ehrensvärd, who noted as criticism toward the opera manager Barnekow, that she: "acted as a director of the performance, which he should have done, disposed of the loges, auctioned them off, so that prime minister *riksråd* Ulric Scheffer lost his loge for not being the highest bidder... it was given to a cook and a chancellor. Such indecency could not be allowed by anyone but this opera management."

She belonged to the pioneer generation of the Royal Dramatic Theatre. When the first Swedish language Ristell theater (1787–88) went bankrupt and transformed by the king to the Royal Dramatic Theatre in 1788, Marie Louise Marcadet and the other actors formed a board of directors and managed the new theater themselves. This management has been described as stormy, but Marcadet was praised for her judgement in the voting about which plays to stage in the theater. The financial arrangements and employment conditions at the royal theater illustrate that Marie Louise Marcadet and Fredrica Löf was given the highest position of all women actors there.

### Estimation

Marie Louise Marcadet performed both as an opera singer and a stage actress and was regarded as one of the most noted stage artists in Sweden during her twenty years long career. Marie Louise Marcadet, alongside Jaques Marie Boutet de Monvel, Joseph Sauze Desguillons and Anne Marie Milan Desguillons, has been credited with influence over the development which directed the newly established Swedish national theater to follow a French pattern. She was highly respected as a professional artist, and was referred to as an example of the importance of education by Carl von Fersen in his work *Operans och svenska spektaklets förbättrande* (1780).

Marcadet was not regarded to be beautiful and described as a very thin woman with a protruding chin to her appearance, but regarded as an competent singer and a marvelous actor. As an opera singer, she was estimated to have a moderately good voice, but handled with such skill that she functioned very well in opera, though she was never counted as belonging to the absolute elite. It was her dramatic talent as a stage actress she was given the highest praise. The critics appreciated that her hard French accent gave her speech power and energy, and she was admired for the impression of passionate strength she eluded. Johan Henric Kellgren called her acting divine, and considered her acting divine, Carl Christoffer Gjörwell wrote of her dramatic ability in the opéra comique *Zémire et Azor* by Grétry that "her entire soul was created for the Theater."

### Roles

Among her parts was Clytaimnestra, *Merope* by Voltaire, Jocasta in *Oedipe* by Adlerbeth, Statira in *Olympie* by Johan Henric Kellgren, *Athalie* by Racine and countess Walltron in *Der Graf von Walltron* by Heinrich Ferdinand Möller.

She played Henriette in *Les deux avares* (season 1777–78), Arséne in the opera *La belle Arsène* by Monsigny (with Elisabeth Olin and Christoffer Christian Karsten) and Iphigenie in *Iphigénie en Aulide* by Gluck (with Carl Stenborg), 1779–80, Cybèle in *Atys* by Piccinni (with Carl Stenborg and Kristofer Kristian Karsten), 1784–85, Hermione in *Andromaque* by Grétry (with Franziska Stading), Cecilia av Eka in *Gustaf Wasa* by Johann Gottlieb Naumann (with Carl Stenborg, Kristofer Kristian Karsten and Caroline Halle-Müller), 1785–86, Ramfrid in *Folke Birgersson till Ringstad* by Gustav III (with Kristofer Kristian Karsten and Inga Åberg), 1792–93, and Minerva in *Alcides inträde i världen* (The arrival of Alcide in the world) by Haeffner, 1793–94.

### Later life

She made her last performance on the Stenborg theatre 14 November 1795, in which she had expressed her wish to "receive the encouragement of the public, which she had so beneficially been granted during her career", and made "a startling success by the praise given to her from an overwhelmed audience."

After this farewell performance, Marie Louise Marcadet left Sweden for France, where she died in Paris.

## Legacy

Gustav Löwenhielm mentioned her importance in Swedish theater and opera history in the 19th century, during a discussion about the employment of foreign artists, when he pointed out that several of the artists during the foundation of the Royal Swedish Opera and the Royal Dramatic Theatre had been foreigners:

> "Is it impossible to engage Mr Berg and Miss Schoultz? - Generally, I can not see how we can elude the employment of half grown foreigners. Gustav III's *Swedish* national theatre started with the *Danish* Mrs Müller, the *French* Mrs Marcadet, the *German* Mamsell Stading, the *German* Mrs Augusti and the *Polish* Mrs Karsten. These ladies occupied our stage and kept it from the foundation of the opera and the premature departure of Mrs Olin in the beginning of the 1780s, until the year of 1800, when the school of Mrs Desguillons had created Mamsell Wässelia cum celeris."

1. Oscar Levertin: Teater och drama under Gustaf III, Albert Bonniers förlag, Stockholm, Fjärde Upplagan (1920). \['Teater och drama under Gustaf III'\] (in Swedish)
2. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-10-23. Retrieved 2007-12-03.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
3. Klas Åke Heed, Ny svensk teaterhistoria. Teater före 1800, Gidlunds förlag (2007)
4. Klas Åke Heed, Ny svensk teaterhistoria. Teater före 1800, Gidlunds förlag (2007)
5. Carin Österberg: Svenska kvinnor: Föregångare, nyskapare (Swedish women: Predecessors, pioneers) 1990 (in Swedish)
6. Johan Flodmark: Stenborgska skådebanorna: bidrag till Stockholms teaterhistoria, Norstedt, Stockholm, 1893
7. Nordensvan, Georg, Svensk teater och svenska skådespelare från Gustav III till våra dagar. Förra delen, 1772-1842 \['Swedish theatre and Swedish actors from the days of Gustav III to our days. First Book 1772-1842'\] Bonnier, Stockholm, 1917 (in Swedish)
* Oscar Levertin: Teater och drama under Gustaf III, Albert Bonniers förlag, Stockholm, Fjärde Upplagan (1920). \['Teater och drama under Gustaf III'\] (in Swedish)
* Nordensvan, Georg, Svensk teater och svenska skådespelare från Gustav III till våra dagar. Förra delen, 1772-1842 \['Swedish theatre and Swedish actors from the days of Gustav III to our days. First Book 1772-1842'\] Bonnier, Stockholm, 1917 (in Swedish)
* Kungliga teaterns repertoar 1773-1973 \['Repertoire of the Royal Theatre 1773-1973'\], 1974 (in Swedish)
* Hilleström, Gustaf: Kungl. Musikaliska akademien: matrikel 1771-1971, Nordiska musikförlaget, Stockholm 1971, Publikationer / utgivna av Kungl. Musikaliska akademien, 99-0168608-3 ; 10 (swe). (in Swedish)
* Österberg, Carin, Lewenhaupt, Inga & Wahlberg, Anna Greta, Svenska kvinnor: föregångare nyskapare, Signum, Lund, 1990 1990 (Swedish)

## InfoBox

| Marie Louise Marcadet | |
| --- | --- |
| Marie Louise Marcadet | |
| Born | Marie Louise Baptiste
3 December 1758
Stockholm, Sweden |
| Died | 28 February 1804 (aged 56)
Paris, France |
| Other names | Marie Louise Baptiste |
| Spouse | Jean Remi Marcadet |


title: Marie Louise Island Airport

abstract: Marie Louise Island Airport is an airstrip serving Marie Louise Island in the Seychelles. The runway is along the eastern shore of the island. Marie Louise Island is 308 kilometres (191 mi) southwest of Victoria, the capital of the Seychelles.

text:
# Marie Louise Island Airport

**Marie Louise Island Airport** (ICAO: **FSMA**) is an airstrip serving Marie Louise Island in the Seychelles. The runway is along the eastern shore of the island.

Marie Louise Island is 308 kilometres (191 mi) southwest of Victoria, the capital of the Seychelles.

## InfoBox

| Marie Louise Island Airport | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Private |
| Operator | Islands Development Corporation (IDC) |
| Location | Marie Louise Island, Seychelles |
| Elevation AMSL | 10 ft / 3 m |
| Coordinates | 06°10′40″S 53°08′45″E / 6.17778°S 53.14583°E / -6.17778; 53.14583 |
| Map | |
| **FSMA**Location of the airport in Seychelles | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  m ft  17/35 770 2,526 Concrete | |
| Sources: GCM Google Maps | |


title: Uttara Town College

abstract: Uttara Town College is a private college situated near Uttara in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It was established in 1998. It is housed in a 5-storey building. The college has total 900 seats for students. It is privately operated and this college has its official website. It is also a university. So students can graduate from HSC and read there for higher education. The college consists of morning shift. The shift starts from 8:30 am and ends at 11:50 am.

text:
# Uttara Town College

**Uttara Town College** is a private college situated near Uttara in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It was established in 1998. It is housed in a 5-storey building. The college has total 900 seats for students. It is privately operated and this college has its official website. It is also a university. So students can graduate from HSC and read there for higher education. The college consists of morning shift. The shift starts from 8:30 am and ends at 11:50 am.

## Education

Students from XI class to class XII read here. There are three groups in this college for higher secondary examination – Science, Business Studies and Arts. All the three groups are well taught by the teachers.

## Teachers

As of January 2019 there are more than 55 teachers in the college.

## Students

In this college, there are approximately 500 students.

## Annual sports

The college celebrates annual sports each year in the January. The ceremony is enjoyed and highly appreciated by all of the people of Uttara area.

## Results

The college has good results since 1998.

1. "About the college". *Educion*.
2. "Admission Information". *Uttara Town College*.
3. See our teachers
4. "About Us". *Uttara Town College* (in Bengali).
5. "See Exam Results". *Uttara Town College*.

## InfoBox

| Uttara Town College
উত্তরা টাউন কলেজ | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
|  | |
| Uttara
Dhaka, 1230
Bangladesh | |
| Coordinates | 23°52′45″N 90°24′03″E / 23.8793°N 90.4008°E / 23.8793; 90.4008 |
| Information | |
| Type | Private college |
| Established | 1998 (1998) |
| School board | Dhaka Education Board |
| Principal | Md. Khurshed Alam |
| Grades | XI-XII |
| Gender | Male and female |
| Language | Bangla |
| Colour(s) | Black,   White,   Navy Blue |
| Website | uttaratowncollege.com |


title: Valdehúncar

abstract: Valdehúncar is a municipality located in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain. According to the 2005 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 198 inhabitants.

text:
# Valdehúncar

**Valdehúncar** (Spanish pronunciation: \[baldeˈuŋkaɾ\]) is a municipality located in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain. According to the 2005 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 198 inhabitants.

Valdehúncar Town Hall

39°50′N 5°31′W / 39.833°N 5.517°W / 39.833; -5.517

## InfoBox

| Valdehúncar, Spain | |
| --- | --- |
| municipality | |
|  | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Extremadura |
| Province | Cáceres |
| Municipality | Valdehúncar |
| Area | |
| Total | 26 km2 (10 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 368 m (1,207 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 178 |
| Density | 6.8/km2 (18/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Valea Morii (Pârâul de Câmpie)

abstract: The Valea Morii is a right tributary of the Pârâul de Câmpie in Romania. It flows into the Pârâul de Câmpie near Grădini. Its length is 27 km (17 mi) and its basin size is 153 km⁲ (59 sq mi).

text:
# Valea Morii (Pârâul de Câmpie)

The **Valea Morii** is a right tributary of the Pârâul de Câmpie in Romania. It flows into the Pârâul de Câmpie near Grădini. Its length is 27 km (17 mi) and its basin size is 153 km2 (59 sq mi).

## InfoBox

| Valea Morii
Matca | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Romania |
| Counties | Cluj County, Mureș County |
| Villages | Crișeni, Frata, Valea Largă, Grădini |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth | Pârâul de Câmpie |
| coordinates | 46°35′57″N 24°06′05″E / 46.5992°N 24.1013°E / 46.5992; 24.1013 |
| Length | 27 km (17 mi) |
| Basin size | 153 km2 (59 sq mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | Pârâul de CâmpieMureșTiszaDanubeBlack Sea |
| Tributaries |  |
| left | Frata |
| right | La Râpă |


title: Valea Muntelui (Talna)

abstract: The Valea Muntelui is a left tributary of the river Talna in Romania. It flows into the Talna in Orașu Nou. Its length is 9 km (5.6 mi) and its basin size is 16 km⁲ (6.2 sq mi).

text:
# Valea Muntelui (Talna)

The **Valea Muntelui** is a left tributary of the river Talna in Romania. It flows into the Talna in Orașu Nou. Its length is 9 km (5.6 mi) and its basin size is 16 km2 (6.2 sq mi).

## InfoBox

| Valea Muntelui | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Romania |
| Counties | Satu Mare County |
| Villages | Racșa |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth | Talna |
| location | Orașu Nou |
| coordinates | 47°50′29″N 23°17′51″E / 47.8415°N 23.2975°E / 47.8415; 23.2975 |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | TalnaTurTiszaDanubeBlack Sea |


title: Valencia Open Invitational

abstract: The Valencia Open Invitational was a golf tournament held in 1959 and was part of the PGA-sponsored Caribbean Tour, which began the previous year. It was held at Carabobo Country Club near Valencia, Venezuela, from 5 to 8 February with prize money of US$10,000. Don January led from the start after a first round of 64. Further rounds of 71-71-67 gave him victory by 11 strokes from Ernie Vossler, taking the first prize of US$1,500.

text:
# Valencia Open Invitational

The **Valencia Open Invitational** was a golf tournament held in 1959 and was part of the PGA-sponsored Caribbean Tour, which began the previous year.

It was held at Carabobo Country Club near Valencia, Venezuela, from 5 to 8 February with prize money of US$10,000. Don January led from the start after a first round of 64. Further rounds of 71-71-67 gave him victory by 11 strokes from Ernie Vossler, taking the first prize of US$1,500.

## Winners

| Year | Player | Country | Score | To par | Margin<br>of victory | Runner-up | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1959 | Don January | United States | 273 | −15 | 11 strokes | Ernie Vossler |  |

## InfoBox

Valencia Open Invitational
| Tournament information | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Valencia, Venezuela |
| Established | 1959 |
| Course(s) | Carabobo Country Club |
| Par | 72 |
| Tour(s) | Caribbean Tour |
| Format | Stroke play |
| Final year | 1959 |
| Final champion | |
| Don January | |


title: Valencia Metro (Venezuela)

abstract: The Valencia Metro is the public mass transit system of Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela and its suburbs Naguanagua Municipality and San Diego Municipality.

text:
# Valencia Metro (Venezuela)

The **Valencia Metro** (Spanish: *Metro Valencia* or *Metro de Valencia*) is the public mass transit system of Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela and its suburbs Naguanagua Municipality and San Diego Municipality.

## Operations

The metro system was officially opened to the public on 18 November 2006 with just 3 of 7 stations along the original 4.7-kilometer (2.9 mi) Line 1 route open for service, and operating for limited hours while providing service free of charge. Normal revenue service with all 7 stations along Line 1 began 18 November 2007.

Although the fleet comprises twelve Siemens SD-460 2-car light rail vehicle trainsets, the Valencia system is a light metro, running on a completely grade-separated route (other than within its own maintenance yard) that does not share space with any other traffic.

Valencia Metro operates Monday-Friday from 6am to 8:30pm; Saturday, Sunday and holidays from 6:00am to 7:30pm. An adult fare of 0.5 BsF (23 US cents) and a student fare of 0.15 BsF (7 US Cents) is charged to ride the metro. An average of 62,000 passenger are transported daily.

## Lines

Currently the Valencia Metro operates **Line 1** for service, with a further 4.3-kilometer (2.7 mi) section (**Line 2**) of the same north-south route under construction, and a third 5.6-kilometer (3.5 mi) section (**Line 3**) in the engineering and environmental impact phases. Thus, of the full 14.6-kilometer (9.1 mi) north-south route, only 4.7 kilometers (2.9 mi) are currently in service, with the remaining 9.9 kilometers (6.2 mi) still under construction or in development. Not every segment of construction on this route is an independent "line." When the system is fully completed, it will form a single continuous route, with no transfers necessary to complete a trip along the route.

A separate 18.2 kilometers (11.3 mi) east-west **Line 4** will connect mainly the Valencia Municipality with San Diego Municipality of the same city, and it is in the preliminary planning stage.

Media related to Valencia (Venezuela) Metro at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Valencia Metro | |
| --- | --- |
| Coupled Siemens vehicles | |
| Overview | |
| Locale | Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela |
| Transit type | Rapid transit/light metro |
| Number of lines | 1 (with more planned) |
| Number of stations | 7 |
| Daily ridership | 62,000 (2011) |
| Website | Metro Valencia C.A. |
| Operation | |
| Began operation | 18 November 2007 |
| Number of vehicles | 12 Siemens SD-460 <br>2-car trainsets |
| Technical | |
| System length | 7.7 km (4.8 mi) |


abstract: Valley Stream 30 Union Free School District is a public school district in New York State that serves about 1500 students in the village of Valley Stream, New York in southeast Nassau County with a staff of 180. It is unique in that most school districts in New York State encompass grades K–12 while this district includes elementary grades K–6 only. It is one of three Valley Stream districts whose students graduate to a separately managed district, Valley Stream Central High School District, for the higher grades. The average class size is 20 students. The student-teacher ratio is 13:1. Dr. Roxanne Garcia-France is the Superintendent of Schools. The District motto is "The friendly schools".

text:
# Valley Stream 30 Union Free School District

**Valley Stream 30 Union Free School District** is a public school district in New York State that serves about 1500 students in the village of Valley Stream, New York in southeast Nassau County with a staff of 180 (121 teachers and 59 support staff). It is unique in that most school districts in New York State encompass grades 12 while this district includes elementary grades K– only. It is one of three Valley Stream districts (the others are Elementary Districts 13 and 24) whose students graduate to a separately managed district, Valley Stream Central High School District, for the higher grades.

The average class size is 20 students (all grades). The student-teacher ratio is 13:1.

Dr. Roxanne Garcia-France is the Superintendent of Schools.

The District motto is "The friendly schools".

## Board of education

The Board of Education (BOE) consists of 5 members who serve rotating five-year terms. Elections are held each May for board members and to vote on the School District Budget.

## Schools

The district operates three schools:

### Elementary schools

* Clear Stream Avenue School (K-6)
* Forest Road School (K-6)
* Shaw Avenue School (K-6)

## Performance

In 2003, 94% of students tested at acceptable levels 3 or 4 in Elementary-Level Social Studies. In 2008, student test scores exceeded the state average in all grades and tested subject areas of New York State standardized tests.

40°40′21″N 73°42′32″W / 40.67250°N 73.70889°W / 40.67250; -73.70889


title: Mark 13 missile launcher

abstract: The Mark 13 guided missile launching system (GMLS) is a single-arm missile launcher designed for use on frigates and other military vessels. Because of its distinctive single-armed design, the Mark 13 is often referred to as the "one-armed bandit". The Mark 13 is equipped to fire the RIM-66 Standard, RGM-84 Harpoon, and RIM-24 Tartar missiles for anti-air and anti-ship defense, and is capable of firing the Standard at a rate of one every eight seconds. Its 40-round magazine consists of two concentric rings of vertically stored missiles, 24 in the outer ring and 16 in the inner. Total capacity was reduced by 1 due to a requirement to carry a Guided Missile Training Round (GMTR) in order to test system functionality. In case of a fire, the system is equipped with magazine sprinkling, CO2 suppression and booster suppression. It is also equipped with a dud jettison function to eject a round overboard if it fails to fire.

text:
# Mark 13 missile launcher

The **Mark 13 guided missile launching system** (**GMLS**) is a single-arm missile launcher designed for use on frigates and other military vessels. Because of its distinctive single-armed design, the Mark 13 is often referred to as the "one-armed bandit".

The Mark 13 is equipped to fire the RIM-66 Standard, RGM-84 Harpoon, and RIM-24 Tartar missiles for anti-air and anti-ship defense, and is capable of firing the Standard at a rate of one every eight seconds. Its 40-round magazine consists of two concentric rings of vertically stored missiles, 24 in the outer ring and 16 in the inner. Total capacity was reduced by 1 due to a requirement to carry a Guided Missile Training Round (GMTR) in order to test system functionality. In case of a fire, the system is equipped with magazine sprinkling, CO2 suppression and booster suppression. It is also equipped with a dud jettison function to eject a round overboard if it fails to fire.

## Usage

In the United States Navy, the Mark 13 launcher was most typically employed as part of the Mark 74 Guided Missile Launch System, or the Mark 92 Fire Control System. Though the launcher was original armament on U.S. Navy *Perry*-class frigates (and their derivatives), in order to save costs on an obsolete system, by 2004 all active U.S. Navy vessels have had the system removed. It was also fitted on the French *Cassard*-class frigates, as well as the two *Mitscher*-class destroyers converted to DDGs, the last ten American *Charles F. Adams*-class destroyers, the American *California*-class cruisers, the German *Lütjens*-class destroyers and Australian *Perth*-class destroyers and *Adelaide*-class frigates, and Dutch *Tromp*-class frigates and *Jacob van Heemskerck*-class frigates, and Italian *Durand de la Penne*-class destroyers.

Due to the end of the US Navy's support of the Mark 13 missile launcher, support for the systems in Taiwanese service was taken up by the National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology. The same approach was taken for the Mark 13’s SM-1.

## Variations

The **Mark 22 guided missile launching system (GMLS)** is a variation of the Mark 13 launcher which has only the inner 16 round storage ring of the Mark 13 launcher. It was deployed on US-designed, Baleares-class Spanish frigates. and US Navy Brooke class frigates. Another major difference is that on the Mark 22 the magazine is non-rotating. The launcher rotates over the desired missile and it is then hoisted onto the rail. On the Mark 13 the magazine rotates under the launcher.

## InfoBox

| Mark 13 Guided Missile Launching System | |
| --- | --- |
| A RIM-66 Standard missile mounted on the Mark 13 missile launcher aboard the French Navy frigate *Cassard* | |
| Type | Guided Missile Launching System |
| Place of origin | United States |
| Service history | |
| In service | late 1960s to present |
| Used by | United States Navy
Spanish Navy
Royal Australian Navy
French Navy
Royal Netherlands Navy
German Navy
Italian Navy
Polish Navy
Pakistan Navy
Turkish Navy |
| Wars | Cold War
Tanker War |
| Production history | |
| Designed | 1960s |
| Manufacturer | FMC / United Defense / BAE |
| Variants | Mark 22 |
| Specifications | |
| Rate of fire | 1 Standard missile every 8 seconds
1 Harpoon missile every 22 seconds |


title: Valencian Community Handball Cup

abstract: The Valencian Community Handball Cup is a Spanish annual knockout tournament organized by the Valencian Handball Federation confronting the leading men's and women's handball team in the Valencian Community. It was first held in 2010.

text:
# Valencian Community Handball Cup

The **Valencian Community Handball Cup** (Spanish: Copa de Balonmano Comunidad Valenciana) is a Spanish annual knockout tournament organized by the Valencian Handball Federation confronting the leading men's and women's handball team in the Valencian Community. It was first held in 2010.

## List of finals

### Men's tournament

| Year | Champion | Score | Runner-up | Semifinalist/s |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | **Torrevieja** | 26–25 | Puerto Sagunto | Sant Joan, Maristas Algemesí |
| 2011 | **Puerto Sagunto** | 31–22 | Benidorm | Maristas Algemesí, Torrevieja |
| 2012 | **Puerto Sagunto** | 32–31 | Benidorm | Florida Universitaria |

### Women's tournament

| Year | Champion | Score | Runner-up | Semifinalists |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | **Mar Alicante** | 22–21 | Monòver | Sagunto, Elda |
| 2011 | **Sagunto** | 28–23 | Mar Alicante | Marítim, Elda |
| 2012 | **Elche** | 30–25 | Marítim | Mar Alicante, Castellón |


title: Valfréjus

abstract: Valfréjus is a ski resort in the Maurienne Valley, located in the commune of Modane, in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. The station was opened in 1983.

text:
# Valfréjus

**Valfréjus** is a ski resort in the Maurienne Valley, located in the commune of Modane, in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.

The station was opened in 1983.

## InfoBox

| Valfréjus | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ValfréjusLocation within Alps | |
| Nearest major city | Chambéry |
| Coordinates | 45°10′26″N 6°39′12″E / 45.17399°N 6.6534233°E / 45.17399; 6.6534233 |
| Top elevation | 2,737 m (8,980 ft) |
| Base elevation | 1,550 m (5,090 ft) |
| Skiable area | 83 km of runs |
| Trails | 29
4 beginner
10 easy
11 intermediate
4 difficult |
| Website | Website |


title: Valfrid Nykänen

abstract: Valfrid Ernhard "Poju" Nykänen, was a Finnish World War I fighter pilot of the Imperial Russian Air Service. He was the first Finnish fighter pilot. Nykänen graduated from the Kazan Military Academy in 1915 and served the Imperial Russian Army on the Western Front in Poland. Following training at Sevastopol he became a fighter pilot in May 1917. As a Nieuport pilot Nykänen flew on the Caucasus Front with four aerial victories. Nykänen claimed he was awarded with Golden Sword of St. George but any records of Nykänen's award are not found. As the Finnish Civil War burst out in January 1918, Nykänen returned to Finland and fought for the White Guards on the Satakunta front. He was captured by the Red Guards and shot in February 1918. Nykänen was also known as a talented athlete. He was a reserve gymnast for the Finnish silver medal team at the 1912 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Valfrid Nykänen

**Valfrid Ernhard "Poju" Nykänen** (8 January 1894 – February 1918), was a Finnish World War I fighter pilot of the Imperial Russian Air Service. He was the first Finnish fighter pilot.

Nykänen graduated from the Kazan Military Academy in 1915 and served the Imperial Russian Army on the Western Front in Poland. Following training at Sevastopol he became a fighter pilot in May 1917. As a Nieuport pilot Nykänen flew on the Caucasus Front with four aerial victories. Nykänen claimed he was awarded with Golden Sword of St. George but any records of Nykänen's award are not found.

As the Finnish Civil War burst out in January 1918, Nykänen returned to Finland and fought for the White Guards on the Satakunta front. He was captured by the Red Guards and shot in February 1918.

Nykänen was also known as a talented athlete. He was a reserve gymnast for the Finnish silver medal team at the 1912 Summer Olympics.

1. Baltic nations aces and pilots ACES. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
2. Vuoden 1918 kahinoissa kuoli viisi suomalaista olympiaurheilijaa Suomen Urheilutietäjät ry, (in Finnish). Retrieved 15 january 2014.
3. Harjula, Mirko: "Ryssänupseerit", p. 206 Retrieved 15 January 2014.
4. War Victims in Finland 1914-1922 Database Retrieved 15 January 2014.

## InfoBox

| Valfrid Nykänen | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1894-01-08)8 January 1894
Kotka, Grand Duchy of Finland |
| Died | February 1918
Hämeenkyrö, Finland |
| Allegiance | Russian Empire
White Finland |
| Service/branch | Imperial Russian Air Service
White Guards |
| Rank | Lieutenant |
| Unit | 7FAO (IRAS) |


title: Mark Maxwell

abstract: Mark Maxwell, aka SILAS, is an American songwriter, record producer, and film composer based in Los Angeles. He is best known for his work with Afrojack, Lindsey Stirling, 3OH!3, the Millionaires (band), and Itch. Maxwell co-wrote and produced seven songs for Lindsey Stirling's sophomore album Shatter Me, which won the 2015 Billboard Music Award for Top Dance/Electronic Album. Maxwell also composed the original score for the 2016 comedy film Brother Nature. Scoring credits also include the theme music for MTV's Real World: Ex-Plosion.

text:
# Mark Maxwell

**Mark Maxwell**, aka **SILAS**, is an American songwriter, record producer, and film composer based in Los Angeles. He is best known for his work with Afrojack, Lindsey Stirling, 3OH!3, the Millionaires (band), and Itch.

Maxwell co-wrote and produced seven songs for Lindsey Stirling's sophomore album *Shatter Me*, which won the 2015 Billboard Music Award for Top Dance/Electronic Album.

Maxwell also composed the original score for the 2016 comedy film Brother Nature. Scoring credits also include the theme music for MTV's *Real World: Ex-Plosion*.

## Discography

| Year | Album | Artist | Details |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | *Ghost Town* | Watchout! Theres Ghosts | Co-writer, producer, mixer "I'll Take Famous Murders for 500," “Never You," “The Shake Up," “I Ruin Dreams, Not Nightmares," “Makin' Moves," “A Beautiful Goodbye," “Don't Shoot Me Annie Oakley," “Ghost Town," “Sleeping at the Movies," “Remember Me, Oh God, For Good” |
| 2009 | *Just Got Paid, Let's Get Laid* | Millionaires | Co-writer, producer, mixer "Just Got Paid, Let's Get Laid" “Alcohol" “I Like Money" “Talk Shit" “I Move It" |
| | *Heartbreak on Vinyl* | Blake Lewis | Producer, mixer "Rhythm of My Heart", Additional production, mixer "Heartbreak on Vinyl," Additional production "Sad Song" |
| | *Love Drunk* | Boys Like Girls | Additional production, "Heart Heart Heartbreak," "She's Got A Boyfriend Now," "Real Thing," "The Shot Heard 'Round the World," "Chemicals Collide" |
| | *Jennifer's Body Soundtrack* | Cobra Starship | Additional production "Chew Me Up & Spit Me Out" |
| 2010 | *Call The Cops* | Call The Cops | Co-writer, additional production "Get Up Or Get Down" Co-writer "The Crash” |
| | *My Uke Has a Crush on You* | Stephen Jerzak | Co-writer, producer "Luv Me 2" "Everyday's a Holiday" |
| 2011 | *Miles and Miles* | Stephen Jerzak | Co-writer "Hot Over Summer" "Peace Out", Producer "Love Is Strong" |
| | *Masters of the Universe* | Let's Get It | Co-writer, additional production "Night of the Living Shred" |
| 2012 | *What Are You So Scared Of?* | Tonight Alive | Co-writer "Starlight" "Let It Land" |
| | *Young London* | Young London | Co-writer, producer, mixer "New Reputation" "Let Me Go" "Celebrity" "Be My Radio" "Dangerous" "Whipped" "The Good Stuff" "Trippin' Up" "Summer Valentine" "U Got Me" |
| | *Remembering You* | Poema | Co-writer "Wonder" "Fallin" |
| | *Dancing to the Same Song* | Elen Levon | Co-writer, co-producer, mixer "Dancing to the Same Song" |
| 2013 | *OMENS* | 3OH!3 | Co-writer, co-producer, mixer "Hungover" (credited as SILAS) |
| | *The Manifesto EPs* | Itch | Co-writer, producer, mixer "Spooky Kids" (credited as SILAS) |
| 2014 | *The Deep End* | Itch | Co-writer, producer, mixer "Ricochet" (credited as SILAS) |
| | *Shatter Me* | Lindsey Stirling | Co-writer, producer, mixer "Shatter Me" "We Are Giants" "Beyond the Veil" "Master of Tides" "Take Flight" "Mirror Haus" "Swag" (credited as SILAS) |
| | *Forget the World* | Afrojack | Co-writer, co-producer "The Spark" |
| | *Redefined* | tyDi | Co-writer, co-producer, mixer "Die Without You" (credited as SILAS) |
| | *Dark Days* | Spree Wilson | Co-writer, co-producer "Dark Days" |
| 2015 | *Savages* | Five Knives | Co-writer, additional production "Savages" |
| | *Ghostchild* | Firebeatz & Apster | Co-writer, vocal producer "Ghostchild" |
| 2016 | *The Love That Remains* | Savoir Adore | Co-writer, co-producer "Paradise Gold" |
| | *Brave Enough* | Lindsey Stirling | Co-writer, producer, mixer "Waltz (deluxe edition)" (credited as SILAS) |
| 2018 | *Warmer In The Winter* | Lindsey Stirling | Producer, mixer "I Wonder As I Wander (deluxe edition)" "Santa Baby (deluxe edition)" |
| 2019 | *Happysad* | Meg & Dia | Co-writer "Better At Being Young" |
| | *Artemis* | Lindsey Stirling | Co-writer, producer, mixer "Artemis" "Between Twilight" "Foreverglow" "Embers (deluxe edition)" "Torch Bringer (deluxe edition)" |
| 2020 | *1000 Faces* | Jason Ross | Co-writer, vocal producer "1000 Faces" |

## Remixes

| Year | Album | Artist | Details |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2013 | *GMYH v2* | The Ready Set | Remixer "Give Me Your Hand (Best Song Ever) (SILAS Remix)" |
| | *F\*** U Over* | The Summer Set | Remixer "F\*** U Over (SILAS Remix)" |
| | *London Is Burning* | Itch | Remixer "London Is Burning (SILAS Remix)" |
| | *Homeless Romantic* | Itch | Remixer "Homeless Romantic (SILAS Remix)" |
| | *Live This Lie* | tyDi | Remixer "Live This Lie (SILAS Remix)" |
| 2014 | *Over It* | The Crystal Method | Remixer "Over It (SILAS Remix)" |
| 2020 | *Happysad Remixes* | Meg & Dia | Remixer "Better At Being Young (Mark Maxwell Remix)" |

## InfoBox

| Mark Maxwell | |
| --- | --- |
| Genres |  |
| Occupations |  |
| Instruments | * Vocals * piano * synthesizers * programming * guitar * bass * drums |


title: Marina Wheeler

abstract: Marina Claire Wheeler is a British lawyer and writer. As a barrister, she specialises in public law, including human rights, and is a member of the Bar Disciplinary Tribunal. She was appointed Queen's Counsel in 2016. She is the author of The Lost Homestead: My Mother, Partition and the Punjab (2020) and is an ex-wife of former British prime minister Boris Johnson.

text:
# Marina Wheeler

**Marina Claire Wheeler** KC (born 18 August 1964) is a British lawyer and writer. As a barrister, she specialises in public law, including human rights, and is a member of the Bar Disciplinary Tribunal. She was appointed Queen's Counsel in 2016.

She is the author of *The Lost Homestead: My Mother, Partition and the Punjab* (2020) and is an ex-wife of former British prime minister Boris Johnson.

## Early life and education

Marina Claire Wheeler was born in West Berlin on 18 August 1964, to Charles Wheeler, a BBC correspondent, and his second wife Dip Singh, an Indian Punjabi Sikh. Her elder sister is Shirin Wheeler.

Wheeler was educated at Bedales School and then the European School of Brussels, and then in the early 1980s at Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, where she wrote for the student magazine *Cantab*.

At the European School, she became friendly with Boris Johnson, later a journalist and politician.

## Career

After Cambridge, Wheeler returned to Brussels and worked there for four years. In 1987, she was called to the Bar, practising from chambers in London at One Crown Office Row. In her work as a barrister, Wheeler specialises in mental health matters and discrimination claims. In January 2004, she was appointed to the B-Panel of Junior Counsel to the Crown. In 2009, she joined the Bar Disciplinary Tribunal as a barrister member.

Of her legal work, Wheeler has stated:

> My own experience, shared by many colleagues, is that a high proportion of discrimination cases we deal with are ill-founded. One colleague puts the figure at more than 60 per cent... Many unregulated advisors make a living bringing discrimination claims, and they do not always seem to have the best interests of the Applicant in mind.

In February 2016, she was appointed Queen's Counsel.

In October 2023 she was announced as the Labour Party's advisor on protecting women from workplace sexual harassment and discrimination.

## Personal life

On 8 May 1993, a pregnant Wheeler married her childhood friend Boris Johnson, whose previous marriage had ended 12 days earlier. Together they have four children, including Lara Lettice, their eldest child born 12 June 1993.

In September 2018, Johnson and Wheeler issued a statement confirming that after 25 years of marriage, they had separated "several months ago" and begun divorce proceedings. They reached a financial settlement in February 2020, and the divorce was finalised in 2020.

In August 2019, Wheeler revealed that she had been diagnosed with cervical cancer earlier in the year and had undergone two operations to be in remission.

## Memoirs

In 2020 her memoir *The Lost Homestead: My Mother, Partition and the Punjab*, detailing her family's history in India, was published. Her ancestry goes back to the city of Sargodha in West Punjab, present-day Pakistan, with her maternal family migrating to present-day India after the Partition of India. It was shortlisted for the 2021 RSL Christopher Bland Prize.

## InfoBox

| Marina WheelerKC | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Marina Claire Wheeler
(1964-08-18) 18 August 1964
West Berlin (now Berlin, Germany) |
| Nationality | British |
| Education |  |
| Alma mater |  |
| Occupations | * Barrister * writer * columnist |
| Known for |  |
| Spouse | Boris Johnson  (m. 1993; div. 2020) |
| Children | 4, including Lara |
| Father | Charles Wheeler |


title: Marina Wilke

abstract: Marina Wilke is a German rowing cox who competed for East Germany in the 1976 and 1980 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Marina Wilke

**Marina Wilke** (later **Jährling**, born 28 February 1958) is a German rowing cox who competed for East Germany in the 1976 and 1980 Summer Olympics.

## Rowing career

She was born in Berlin. She competed for SC Berlin-Grünau.

At the 1975 World Rowing Championships in Nottingham, she won a gold medal coxing the women's eight. In 1976 she was the coxswain of the East German boat that won the Olympic gold medal in the eight event. For her Olympic success, she was awarded the Patriotic Order of Merit in silver (2nd class) by the state.

At the 1977 World Rowing Championships in Amsterdam, she was the cox for the women's four that won gold. In February 1978, she was given the sports awards Honoured Master of Sports. At the 1978 World Rowing Championships in Cambridge, New Zealand, she won a silver medal with the women's eight. She won another silver medal in the same boat class at the 1979 World Rowing Championships in Bled. At the 1980 Summer Olympics, she won her second Olympic gold medal as cox of the East German boat in the eight competition. She was once more awarded the Patriotic Order of Merit in silver (2nd class) for her Olympic success.

## Private life

Wilke received her schooling at Conrad Blenkle Polytechnic Secondary School in the Köpenick suburb of East Berlin. Before she had her rowing career, she had a son—Rob Jahrling—with Harald Jährling in 1974 shortly before her 16th birthday. She retired from rowing after the 1980 Olympics and married her fellow Olympic rower Harald Jährling in August 1980, shortly after the Olympics. They later divorced. Their son has represented Australia in rowing at three consecutive Olympic Games.

## InfoBox

Marina Wilke
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1958-02-28) 28 February 1958
Berlin |
| Height | 158 cm (5 ft 2 in) |
| Weight | 48 kg (106 lb) |
|  | |
| Relatives | Harald Jährling (husband, div.)
Rob Jahrling (son) |
|  | |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Rowing |
| Club | SC Berlin-Grünau |
| Medal record      Women's rowing  Representing  East Germany  Olympic Games  1976 Montreal  Eight  1980 Moscow  Eight  World Rowing Championships  1975 Nottingham  Eight  1977 Amsterdam  Coxed four  1978 Cambridge  Eight  1979 Bled  Eight | |


title: R. Gwynedd Parry

abstract: Richard Gwynedd Parry is a Welsh academic, barrister, and professor of law who serves as the Head of the Department of Welsh at Swansea University. He was called to the Bar of Gray's Inn in 1993, and his researches delves the intersection of law, history and language in Wales.

text:
# R. Gwynedd Parry

**Richard Gwynedd Parry** FRHistS FLSW (born 28 May 1971) is a Welsh academic, barrister, and professor of law who serves as the Head of the Department of Welsh at Swansea University. He was called to the Bar of Gray's Inn in 1993, and his researches delves the intersection of law, history and language in Wales.

## Career

Parry has published in a vast body of scholarly publications, including monographs, articles and collections in both English and Welsh. His book, *Y Gyfraith yn ein Llên* (University of Wales Press, 2019), won the 2020 Hywel Dda Prize by the University of Wales's Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies. He also wrote the biography of the Welsh jurist, David Hughes Parry in 2010.

His contribution to the debate on bilingual juries in Wales were cited by the House of Commons in 2007. He has served different offices and committees including the Welsh Language Commissioner's Advisory Panel, the Welsh Government's Welsh Language Partnership Council, and the Academic Board of Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol.

## Honours

He is a fellow of the Royal Historical Society and the Learned Society of Wales.


title: Michael Kean

abstract: Michael Kean was an Irish artist. He was a miniature painter, and for a period was owner of the porcelain factory in Derby later known as Royal Crown Derby.

text:
# Michael Kean

**Michael Kean** (died 1823) was an Irish artist. He was a miniature painter, and for a period was owner of the porcelain factory in Derby later known as Royal Crown Derby.

## Life

Kean was born in Dublin; he entered the Dublin Society's drawing schools in 1771 and studied ornament, landscape and figure drawing. In 1779 he gained a silver medal of the Dublin Society for drawings of sculpture.

Intending to become a sculptor, he was apprenticed to the sculptor Edward Smyth, but he established himself as a miniature portrait painter, moving to London where he practiced successfully. He exhibited at the Royal Academy each year from 1786 to 1790, and at the exhibitions of the Free Society of Artists.

In 1795 Kean entered into a partnership with William Duesbury II, proprietor of the porcelain factory in Derby later known as Royal Crown Derby. After Duesbury's death in 1796 he became manager of the factory; in 1798 he married Duesbury's widow Elizabeth, and they had one son.

During his period of management he introduced improvements in manufacture, and standards of porcelain decoration improved; the reputation of the factory increased. Kean, a hot-tempered man, quarrelled with his wife and stepchildren over the business, and lawsuits resulted. In 1811 Kean disposed of the factory and Robert Bloor, his clerk, took over. He retired to London, and died there in November 1823.

## InfoBox

| Michael Kean | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Dublin, Ireland |
| Died | November 1823<br>London, England |
| Nationality | Irish |
| Education | Royal Academy of Arts |
| Occupation | Artist |
| Spouse | Elizabeth |
| Children | 1 |


title: Navicula baardsethii

abstract: Navicula baardsethii is a species of algae in the genus Navicula.

text:
# Navicula baardsethii

***Navicula baardsethii*** is a species of algae in the genus *Navicula*.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Navicula baardsethii* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| *Clade*: | Diaphoretickes |
| *Clade*: | SAR |
| *Clade*: | Stramenopiles |
| Phylum: | Gyrista |
| Subphylum: | Ochrophytina |
| Class: | Bacillariophyceae |
| Order: | Naviculales |
| Family: | Naviculaceae |
| Genus: | *Navicula* |
| Species: | ***N. baardsethii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Navicula baardsethii***<br>Cleve-Euler 1949 | |
|


title: Neuberg an der Mürz

abstract: Neuberg an der Mürz is a municipality in the district of Bruck-Mürzzuschlag in the Austrian state of Styria.

text:
# Neuberg an der Mürz

**Neuberg an der Mürz** is a municipality in the district of Bruck-Mürzzuschlag in the Austrian state of Styria.

## Geography

Neuberg lies in the upper valley of the Mürz at the foot of the Schneealpe northwest of Mürzzuschlag.

## InfoBox

| Neuberg an der Mürz | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| North view of Neuberg | |
|  | |
| Neuberg an der MürzLocation within Austria | |
| Coordinates: 47°40′01″N 15°34′30″E / 47.66694°N 15.57500°E / 47.66694; 15.57500 | |
| Country | Austria |
| State | Styria |
| District | Bruck-Mürzzuschlag |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Albert Felser (SPÖ) |
| Area | |
| Total | 274.83 km2 (106.11 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 732 m (2,402 ft) |
| Population (2018-01-01) | |
| Total | 2,494 |
| Density | 9.1/km2 (24/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 8692 |
| Area code | +43 3857 |
| Vehicle registration | MZ |
| Website | www.neuberg.at |


title: Murali Sastry

abstract: Murali Sastry is an Indian material chemist, nanomaterial scientist and the chief executive officer of the IITB-Monash Research Academy. He is a former chief scientist at Tata Chemicals and a former senior scientist at the National Chemical Laboratory. He is known for his studies on surfaces, films and materials chemistry and is an elected fellow of Maharashtra Academy of Sciences and the Indian Academy of Sciences. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, in 2002, for his contributions to chemical sciences.

text:
# Murali Sastry

**Murali Sastry** (born 1959) is an Indian material chemist, nanomaterial scientist and the chief executive officer of the IITB-Monash Research Academy. He is a former chief scientist at Tata Chemicals and a former senior scientist at the National Chemical Laboratory. He is known for his studies on surfaces, films and materials chemistry and is an elected fellow of Maharashtra Academy of Sciences and the Indian Academy of Sciences. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, in 2002, for his contributions to chemical sciences.

## Biography

Murali Sastry, born on 10 June 1959 in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu, completed his master's degree in chemistry in 1982 at the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras. He continued at the institute to secure a PhD in thin film technology in 1987 before doing his post-doctoral studies at the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (1988–89) and Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste (1989–91). He joined QAD Global Resource Center in 1997 as a software engineer where he served in such positions as Technical Consultant and Project Manager till his move to the National Chemical Laboratory as a Senior Scientist. In 2005 he shifted to Tata Chemicals as the Chief Innovation Officer and after 6 years of service, he joined DSM India as the director of the Innovation Centre in 2011. When the then chief executive officer of IITB-Monash Research Academy retired in 2015, he was selected for the post and he holds the post till date. He has served as an INAE and C. V. Seshadri chair professor at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, DAE professor at the Central University, Hyderabad, and as a visiting scientist at the University of Maryland (1998–99) and CNRS, Orsay (2001–03).

## Legacy

Sastry's contributions are based on his researches focused on thin films and nano materials, as well as the commercial applications of the technologies he has developed. As the chief scientific officer of Tata Chemicals, he introduced a low-cost water purifier, *Swach*, which utilized nano-silvers as the filtering agent. He established an innovation centre there which worked on a number of projects based on nanotechnology. It was during his tenure as the CEO of IITB-Monash Research Academy, the institution set up a new headquarters in Mumbai where he oversees inter-disciplinary scientific research with participation from some of the leading Indian and overseas business houses. He has published his research by way of chapters contributed to books authored by others and over 360 peer-reviewed articles. He holds many US and Indian patents; Justia Patents has listed 24 of these. He has also been associated with many governmental and semi-governmental science agencies such as Department of Biotechnology, Department of Science and Technology, Presidential Nanotechnology Committee and the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research as well as a number of science journals.

## Awards and honors

Sastry received the CSIR Young Scientist Award in 1993 and the Bronze Medal of the Chemical Research Society of India in 2002. The same year, he was elected as a fellow by the Indian Academy of Sciences. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize, one of the highest Indian science awards, also in 2002. He is also a fellow of the Maharashtra Academy of Sciences and a recipient of the Materials Research Society of India Medal, which he received in 2003. The Indian Institute of Technology, Madras selected him as a Distinguished Alumnus in 2006. He was listed among the world's most cited materials scientists by Elsevier Scopus in 2016.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Murali Sastry | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1959-06-10) 10 June 1959<br>Tamil Nadu, India |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Alma mater |  |
| Known for | Studies on surfaces, films and materials chemistry |
| Awards |  |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields |  |
| Institutions |  |
|  | |


title: Wisconsin's 68th Assembly district

abstract: The 68th Assembly district of Wisconsin is one of 99 districts in the Wisconsin State Assembly. Located in northwestern Wisconsin, the district comprises all of Price and Rusk counties, and most of Chippewa and Taylor counties. It includes the cities of Bloomer, Cornell, Ladysmith, Park Falls, and Phillips, and the villages of Bruce, Catawba, Conrath, Gilman, Glen Flora, Hawkins, Ingram, Kennan, Lublin, Prentice, Rib Lake, Sheldon, Tony, and Weyerhaeuser. The district also contains Lake Wissota State Park, Brunet Island State Park, and Timms Hill—the highest natural point in the state of Wisconsin. The district is represented by Republican Karen Hurd, since January 2023. The 68th Assembly district is located within Wisconsin's 23rd Senate district, along with the 67th and 69th Assembly districts.

text:
# Wisconsin's 68th Assembly district

The **68th Assembly district of Wisconsin** is one of 99 districts in the Wisconsin State Assembly. Located in northwestern Wisconsin, the district comprises all of Price and Rusk counties, and most of Chippewa and Taylor counties. It includes the cities of Bloomer, Cornell, Ladysmith, Park Falls, and Phillips, and the villages of Bruce, Catawba, Conrath, Gilman, Glen Flora, Hawkins, Ingram, Kennan, Lublin, Prentice, Rib Lake, Sheldon, Tony, and Weyerhaeuser. The district also contains Lake Wissota State Park, Brunet Island State Park, and Timms Hillthe highest natural point in the state of Wisconsin. The district is represented by Republican Karen Hurd, since January 2023.

The 68th Assembly district is located within Wisconsin's 23rd Senate district, along with the 67th and 69th Assembly districts.

## History

The district was created in the 1972 redistricting act (1971 Wisc. Act 304) which first established the numbered district system, replacing the previous system which allocated districts to specific counties. The 68th district was drawn mostly in line with the former Eau Claire County 1st district (most of the city of Eau Claire), but added all of the remaining precincts of the city of Eau Claire. The last representative of the Eau Claire County 1st district, Joseph Looby, went on to win the first election to represent the 68th Assembly district.

The district boundaries have shifted over the various redistricting schemes since 1983, though the district had remained anchored on the city of Eau Claire until the controversial 2011 redistricting plan (2011 Wisc. Act 43) which divided the city between the 68th and 91st Assembly districts, and added vast stretches of Clark County and parts of Jackson and Trempealeau counties to the 68th district. Under the 2022 court-ordered redistricting, barely any of the city of Eau Claire remains in this district. The 2024 redistricting completely removed the district from Eau Claire County, shifting it north to rural Chippewa, Rusk, Price, and Taylor counties.

## List of past representatives

List of representatives to the Wisconsin State Assembly from the 68th district
| Member | Party | Residence | Counties represented | Term start | Term end | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *District created* | | | | | | |
| Joseph Looby | Dem. | Eau Claire | Chippewa, Eau Claire | January 1, 1973 | January 1, 1979 |  |
| William P. Gagin | Rep. | Eau Claire | | January 1, 1979 | January 5, 1981 |  |
| Joseph Looby | Dem. | Eau Claire | | January 5, 1981 | January 3, 1983 |  |
| John M. Young | Rep. | Brookfield | Milwaukee, Waukesha | January 3, 1983 | January 7, 1985 |  |
| Joseph Looby | Dem. | Eau Claire | Chippewa, Eau Claire, Taylor | January 7, 1985 | January 2, 1989 |  |
| David Zien | Rep. | Eau Claire | | January 2, 1989 | April 12, 1993 |  |
| *--Vacant--* | | | Chippewa, Eau Claire | April 12, 1993 | July 9, 1993 |  |
| David Plombon | Dem. | Stanley | | July 9, 1993 | January 6, 1997 |  |
| Chuck Schafer | Rep. | Lafayette | | January 6, 1997 | January 4, 1999 |  |
| Larry Balow | Dem. | Eau Claire | | January 4, 1999 | January 3, 2005 |  |
| Terry Moulton | Rep. | Chippewa Falls | | January 3, 2005 | January 5, 2009 |  |
| Kristen Dexter | Dem. | Eau Claire | | January 5, 2009 | January 3, 2011 |  |
| Kathy Bernier | Rep. | Chippewa Falls | Chippewa, Clark, Eau Claire, Jackson, Trempealeau | January 3, 2011 | January 7, 2019 |  |
| Jesse L. James | Rep. | Altoona | | January 7, 2019 | January 2, 2023 |  |
| Karen Hurd | Rep. | Fall Creek | Chippewa, Clark, Eau Claire | January 3, 2023 | *Current* |  |

## Electoral history

| Year | Date | Elected | | | | Defeated | | | | Total | Plurality | Other primary candidates |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1972 | Nov. 7 | Joseph Looby | Democratic | 12,599 | 59.07% | David Duax | Rep. | 8,730 | 40.93% | 21,329 | 3,869 |  |
| 1974 | Nov. 5 | Joseph Looby (inc.) | Democratic | 9,507 | 90.00% | Joseph L. Larson | Amer. | 1,056 | 10.00% | 10,563 | | 8,451 |
| 1976 | Nov. 2 | Joseph Looby (inc.) | Democratic | 13,263 | 61.14% | Gerald R. Ritsch | Rep. | 8,430 | 38.86% | 21,693 | 4,833 | * Roger C. Wold (Dem.) * Anthony J. LaChappelle (Rep.) * Joseph L. Larson (Rep.) |
| 1978 | Nov. 7 | William P. Gagin | Republican | 7,382 | 50.10% | Joseph Looby (inc.) | Dem. | 7,353 | 49.90% | 14,735 | 29 |  |
| 1980 | Nov. 4 | Joseph Looby | Democratic | 13,398 | 57.20% | William P. Gagin (inc.) | Rep. | 10,025 | 42.80% | 23,423 | 3,373 | * Mark D. Lewis (Dem.) * Martin A. Grindeland (Dem.) |
| 1982 | Nov. 2 | John M. Young | Republican | 11,210 | 100.00% |  | | | | 11,210 | 11,210 | Jerome P. Delfeld (Rep.) |
| 1984 | Nov. 6 | Joseph Looby | Democratic | 12,878 | 63.14% | Allan G. Brown | Rep. | 7,518 | 36.86% | 20,396 | 5,360 |  |
| 1986 | Nov. 4 | Joseph Looby (inc.) | Democratic | 7,470 | 50.82% | David A. Zien | Rep. | 7,228 | 49.18% | 14,698 | 242 | Norman Gillette (Rep.) |
| 1988 | Nov. 8 | David A. Zien | Republican | 11,093 | 52.65% | Joseph Looby (inc.) | Dem. | 9,978 | 47.35% | 21,071 | 1,115 | Douglas A. Kranig (Rep.) |
| 1990 | Nov. 6 | David A. Zien (inc.) | Republican | 8,337 | 52.92% | Colleen A. Bates | Dem. | 7,416 | 47.08% | 15,753 | 921 |  |
| 1992 | Nov. 3 | David A. Zien (inc.) | Republican | 13,466 | 53.40% | Colleen A. Bates | Dem. | 11,752 | 46.60% | 25,218 | 1,714 | Richard Postlewaite (Dem.) |
| 1993 | June 29 | David Plombon | Democratic | 4,161 | 51.05% | Wayne E. Laufenberg | Rep. | 3,990 | 48.95% | 8,151 | 171 | * Louis P. Hebert Jr. (Dem.) * Howard J. Ludwigson (Rep.) * Fred S. Poquette (Rep.) * Charles G. Barlow (Rep.) * Maynard Hopkins (Rep.) * Paul M. Pettis (Rep.) |
| 1994 | Nov. 8 | David Plombon (inc.) | Democratic | 7,750 | 50.12% | Wayne E. Laufenberg | Rep. | 7,217 | 46.67% | 15,464 | 533 | * Darold E. Wall (Dem.) * Frank Lach (Dem.) * Kevin J. Dickinson (Rep.) |
| | | | | | Mark S. Lawrence | Ind. | 497 | 3.21% | | | |
| 1996 | Nov. 5 | Chuck Schafer | Republican | 11,010 | 53.01% | David Plombon (inc.) | Dem. | 9,758 | 46.99% | 20,768 | 1,252 |  |
| 1998 | Nov. 3 | Larry Balow | Democratic | 8,210 | 51.42% | Chuck Schafer (inc.) | Rep. | 7,758 | 48.58% | 15,968 | 452 |  |
| 2000 | Nov. 7 | Larry Balow (inc.) | Democratic | 12,909 | 53.47% | Howard J. Ludwigson | Rep. | 11,205 | 46.41% | 24,143 | 1,704 | Violet M. Dawes (Rep.) |
| 2002 | Nov. 5 | Larry Balow (inc.) | Democratic | 9,341 | 51.27% | Terry Moulton | Rep. | 8,858 | 48.62% | 18,218 | 483 |  |
| 2004 | Nov. 2 | Terry Moulton | Republican | 16,665 | 54.09% | Joe Bee Xiong | Dem. | 14,094 | 45.74% | 30,810 | | 2,571 |
| 2006 | Nov. 7 | Terry Moulton (inc.) | Republican | 11,143 | 51.24% | Michael A. Turner | Dem. | 10,594 | 48.71% | 21,747 | | 549 |
| 2008 | Nov. 4 | Kristen Dexter | Democratic | 15,437 | 50.35% | Terry Moulton (inc.) | Rep. | 15,165 | 49.47% | 30,657 | | 272 |
| 2010 | Nov. 2 | Kathy Bernier | Republican | 10,765 | 50.15% | Kristen Dexter (inc.) | Dem. | 10,673 | 49.73% | 21,464 | | 92 |
| 2012 | Nov. 6 | Kathy Bernier (inc.) | Republican | 13,758 | 52.39% | Judy Smriga | Dem. | 12,482 | 47.53% | 26,263 | | 1,276 |
| 2014 | Nov. 4 | Kathy Bernier (inc.) | Republican | 11,289 | 52.82% | Jeff Peck | Dem. | 10,076 | 47.15% | 21,371 | | 1,213 |
| 2016 | Nov. 8 | Kathy Bernier (inc.) | Republican | 15,628 | 58.05% | Howard White | Dem. | 11,263 | 41.83% | 26,923 | | 4,365 |
| 2018 | Nov. 6 | Jesse L. James | Republican | 14,129 | 57.59% | Wendy Sue Johnson | Dem. | 10,394 | 42.37% | 24,533 | | 3,735 |
| 2020 | Nov. 3 | Jesse L. James (inc.) | Republican | 18,993 | 60.95% | Emily Berge | Dem. | 12,162 | 39.03% | 31,162 | | 6,831 |
| 2020 | Nov. 8 | Karen Hurd | Republican | 14,338 | 60.68% | Nate Otto | Dem. | 9,273 | 39.25% | 23,627 | 5,065 | Hillarie Roth (Rep.)
Chris Connell (Rep.) |

## InfoBox

| Wisconsin's 68th
State Assembly district | |
| --- | --- |
| --- | |
| 2024 map defined in 2023 Wisc. Act 94
2022 map defined in *Johnson v. Wisconsin Elections Commission*
2011 map was defined in 2011 Wisc. Act 43 | |
| Assemblymember | Karen Hurd
Fall Creek  since January 3, 2023 (1 years) |
| Demographics | 95.34% White
0.36% Black
1.16% Hispanic
0.6% Asian
1.46% Native American
0.22% Hawaiian/Pacific Islander |
| Population (2020)
Voting age | 59,902
47,350 |
| Website | Official website |
| Notes | Northwest Wisconsin |


title: North American Carbon Program

abstract: The North American Carbon Program (NACP) is a community-driven element of the U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Program, which established it as one of the major elements of the 2002 Strategic Plan for the U.S. Climate Change Science Program (now called the US Global Change Research Program or USGCRP). The central objective of NACP is to measure and understand carbon stocks and sources and sinks of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and carbon monoxide (CO) in North America and adjacent ocean regions. This program consists of multiple agencies that focus on changes to the carbon cycle. Not only does this program rely on research conducted by multiple agencies, but it is also supported by federal agencies that assist in the funding of this program. To ensure the plan is effective, the Science Leadership Group (SLG) works to communicate among government program managers, independent research groups, and multiple institutions not affiliated to the government as well. Alongside the SLG, there is the Carbon Cycle Interagency Working Group (CCIWG), which interacts across agencies and ensures the efficiency of research about the carbon cycle in the United States. It works with 11 federal agencies like the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), US Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The CCIWG specializes in communicating among agencies for the proposal of new projects, secures resources for the various research programs available, and reports results to the public.

text:
# North American Carbon Program

The **North American Carbon Program** (NACP) is a community-driven element of the U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Program, which established it as one of the major elements of the 2002 Strategic Plan for the U.S. Climate Change Science Program (now called the US Global Change Research Program or USGCRP). The central objective of NACP is to measure and understand carbon stocks and sources and sinks of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and carbon monoxide (CO) in North America and adjacent ocean regions.

This program consists of multiple agencies that focus on changes to the carbon cycle. Not only does this program rely on research conducted by multiple agencies, but it is also supported by federal agencies that assist in the funding of this program. To ensure the plan is effective, the *Science Leadership Group (SLG)* works to communicate among government program managers, independent research groups, and multiple institutions not affiliated to the government as well.

Alongside the SLG, there is the Carbon Cycle Interagency Working Group (CCIWG), which interacts across agencies and ensures the efficiency of research about the carbon cycle in the United States. It works with 11 federal agencies like the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), US Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The CCIWG specializes in communicating among agencies for the proposal of new projects, secures resources for the various research programs available, and reports results to the public.

## Program Goals

The specific program goals are:

Develop quantitative scientific knowledge, robust observations, and models to determine the emissions and uptake of CO2, CH4, and CO, changes in carbon stocks, and the factors regulating these processes for North America and adjacent ocean basins.

Develop the scientific basis to implement full carbon accounting on regional and continental scales. This is the knowledge base needed to design monitoring programs for natural and managed CO2 sinks and emissions of CH4.

Support long-term quantitative measurements of fluxes, sources, and sinks of atmospheric CO2 and CH4, and develop forecasts for future trends.

The North American Carbon Program was designed to help with the process of providing data needed to model the synthesis activities.

## The Carbon Cycle

The carbon cycle is subdivided into two sections, the rapid carbon exchange, and long-term cycling of carbon through the various geological processes.

### Rapid exchange

This carbon cycle occurs in our biological processes, including respiration, photosynthesis, and is generated by autotrophs.

***Autotrophs*** (usually photosynthetic) are plants or algae, which capture the carbon dioxide from the air. In water, the compounds removed are bicarbonate ions. They are converted into organic compounds like glucose. ***Heterotrophs*** consume the glucose, which further breaks down the compounds and passes them through webs (this process is called cellular respiration). Living systems and decomposers release the carbons as carbon dioxide. This carbon is cycled quickly, with estimates of 1,000 to 1000,000 million metric tons of carbon cycling through these pathways in a single year.

### Long-term exchange

Like its name implies, this pathway takes longer than the pathway above, sometimes lasting millions of years. This form of carbon is found in rocks, in the ocean and other bodies of water, inside the core, and in fossil fuels. It is also found in the atmosphere, where it reacts with water and forms calcium carbonate- found in the shells of marine organisms which later become part of the sediment on the ocean floor.

Over time, the remains of shells, plants, and animals form fossils that are later decomposed and released once again as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

Through volcanoes and eruptions, as well as hydrothermal vents, carbon dioxide is released.

```
 http://www.nacarbon.org/cgi-bin/google_maps/google_map_all.pl?
```
1. "About NACP". *www.nacarbon.org*. Retrieved 2017-11-21.
2. "MsTMIP". *nacp.ornl.gov*. Retrieved 2017-12-01.
3. "Khan Academy". *Khan Academy*. Retrieved 2017-12-01.


title: List of RIS Delitti Imperfetti episodes

abstract: The following is a list of episodes of the Italian television series RIS Delitti Imperfetti. Season 1 features 12 episodes, seasons 2–3 feature 16 episodes each and season 4–8 feature 20 episodes each. Season 1 aired from January 11 to February 16, 2005, season 2 from January 9 to February 20, 2006, season 3 from January 15 to February 20, 2007, season 4 from January 17 to March 20, 2008, season 5 from January 13 to March 18, 2009, season 6 from March 18 to May 20, 2010, season 7 from March 22 to May 24, 2011, and season 8 from October 3 to November 28, 2012. RIS Delitti Imperfetti concluded after 8 seasons and 144 episodes running.

text:
# List of RIS Delitti Imperfetti episodes

The following is a list of episodes of the Italian television series *RIS Delitti Imperfetti*. Season 1 features 12 episodes, seasons 2–3 feature 16 episodes each and season 4–8 feature 20 episodes each. Season 1 aired from January 11 to February 16, 2005, season 2 from January 9 to February 20, 2006, season 3 from January 15 to February 20, 2007, season 4 from January 17 to March 20, 2008, season 5 from January 13 to March 18, 2009, season 6 from March 18 to May 20, 2010, season 7 from March 22 to May 24, 2011, and season 8 from October 3 to November 28, 2012.

*RIS Delitti Imperfetti* concluded after 8 seasons and 144 episodes running.

## Overview

| Series | | Episodes | Originally broadcast | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Series premiere | | Series finale |
|  |  | 12 | January 12, 2005 | February 16, 2005 |
|  |  | 16 | January 9, 2006 | February 20, 2006 |
|  |  | 16 | January 15, 2007 | February 20, 2007 |
|  |  | 20 | January 17, 2008 | March 20, 2008 |
|  |  | 20 | January 13, 2009 | March 18, 2009 |
|  |  | 20 | March 18, 2010 | May 20, 2010 |
|  |  | 20 | March 22, 2011 | May 24, 2011 |
|  |  | 20 | October 3, 2012 | November 28, 2012 |

## Episodes

### Season 1 (2005)

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date | Italy viewers
(millions) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | "Resistless Test" | Alexis Sweet | Barbara Petronio & Leonardo Valenti & Vinicio Canton | January 12, 2005 (2005-01-12) | 8.33 |
| 2 | 2 | "Accident" | Alexis Sweet | Barbara Petronio & Leonardo Valenti & Vinicio Canton | January 12, 2005 (2005-01-12) | 7.38 |
| 3 | 3 | "Analysis of Murder" | Alexis Sweet | Barbara Petronio & Leonardo Valenti & Mimmo Rafele
& Nicola Ravera Rafele | January 19, 2005 (2005-01-19) | 6.35 |
| 4 | 4 | "Challenge for the Captain" | Alexis Sweet | Barbara Petronio & Leonardo Valenti & Mimmo Rafele
& Nicola Ravera Rafele | January 19, 2005 (2005-01-19) | 5.88 |
| 5 | 5 | "Blackmail: Part 1" | Alexis Sweet | Daniele Cesarano & Paolo Marchesini | January 25, 2005 (2005-01-25) | N/A |
| 6 | 6 | "Blackmail: Part 2" | Alexis Sweet | Daniele Cesarano & Paolo Marchesini | January 25, 2005 (2005-01-25) | N/A |
| 7 | 7 | "Hidden Truth" | Alexis Sweet | Paolo Marchesini & Massimo Bavastro & Barbara Petronio
& Leonardo Valenti | February 2, 2005 (2005-02-02) | 6.82 |
| 8 | 8 | "Beautiful Night" | Alexis Sweet | Paolo Marchesini & Massimo Bavastro & Barbara Petronio
& Leonardo Valenti | February 2, 2005 (2005-02-02) | 6.50 |
| 9 | 9 | "Blood Ties" | Alexis Sweet | Stefano Bises & Paolo Marchesini | February 9, 2005 (2005-02-09) | 6.88 |
| 10 | 10 | "The Unexpected" | Alexis Sweet | Stefano Bises & Paolo Marchesini | February 9, 2005 (2005-02-09) | 7.15 |
| 11 | 11 | "The Revenge" | Alexis Sweet | Francesco Balletta & Barbara Petronio & Leonardo Valenti | February 16, 2005 (2005-02-16) | 7.88 |
| 12 | 12 | "The Final Challenge" | Alexis Sweet | Francesco Balletta & Barbara Petronio & Leonardo Valenti | February 16, 2005 (2005-02-16) | 8.36 |

### Season 2 (2006)

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date | Italy viewers
(millions) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13 | 1 | "Dumb Witness" | Alexis Sweet | Paolo Marchesini & Barbara Petronio & Leonardo Valenti | January 9, 2006 (2006-01-09) | N/A |
| 14 | 2 | "Without Suspicion" | Alexis Sweet | Barbara Petronio & Leonardo Valenti & Vinicio Canton | January 9, 2006 (2006-01-09) | 6.40 |
| 15 | 3 | "Guilty or Innocent" | Alexis Sweet | Vinicio Canton & Barbara Petronio & Leonardo Valenti | January 11, 2006 (2006-01-11) | 6.75 |
| 16 | 4 | "The Hour of Poison" | Alexis Sweet | Vinicio Canton & Barbara Petronio & Leonardo Valenti | January 11, 2006 (2006-01-11) | 6.30 |
| 17 | 5 | "Last Salute" | Alexis Sweet | Sara Mosetti & Barbara Petronio & Leonardo Valenti | January 16, 2006 (2006-01-16) | 6.51 |
| 18 | 6 | "Deception of the Science" | Alexis Sweet | Sara Mosetti & Barbara Petronio & Leonardo Valenti | January 16, 2006 (2006-01-16) | 6.20 |
| 19 | 7 | "Dead Beauty" | Alexis Sweet | Paolo Marchesini & Francesco Balletta | January 23, 2006 (2006-01-23) | 6.57 |
| 20 | 8 | "The Trap" | Alexis Sweet | Paolo Marchesini & Francesco Balletta | January 23, 2006 (2006-01-23) | N/A |
| 21 | 9 | "The Murder Madness: Part 1" | Alexis Sweet | Paolo Marchesini & Barbara Petronio & Leonardo Valenti | January 30, 2006 (2006-01-30) | 6.64 |
| 22 | 10 | "The Murder Madness: Part 2" | Alexis Sweet | Paolo Marchesini & Barbara Petronio & Leonardo Valenti | January 30, 2006 (2006-01-30) | 6.34 |
| 23 | 11 | "The Crossfire" | Alexis Sweet | Barbara Petronio & Leonardo Valenti & Laura Nucilli | February 6, 2006 (2006-02-06) | 6.82 |
| 24 | 12 | "The Surprise for the Captain" | Alexis Sweet | Barbara Petronio & Leonardo Valenti & Laura Nucilli | February 6, 2006 (2006-02-06) | 6.33 |
| 25 | 13 | "The Obsession" | Alexis Sweet | Paolo Marchesini & Francesco Balletta | February 13, 2006 (2006-02-13) | 6.16 |
| 26 | 14 | "The Devil's Hand" | Alexis Sweet | Paolo Marchesini & Francesco Balletta | February 13, 2006 (2006-02-13) | 5.51 |
| 27 | 15 | "The Crime in the Closed Chamber" | Alexis Sweet | Paolo Marchesini & Barbara Petronio & Leonardo Valenti | February 20, 2006 (2006-02-20) | 5.92 |
| 28 | 16 | "The Last Test" | Alexis Sweet | Paolo Marchesini & Barbara Petronio & Leonardo Valenti | February 20, 2006 (2006-02-20) | 5.86 |

### Season 3 (2007)

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date | Italy viewers
(millions) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 29 | 1 | "See You Soon, Captain" | Alexis Sweet | Filippo Gentili & Leonardo Gentili | January 15, 2007 (2007-01-15) | 5.84 |
| 30 | 2 | "The Neighbors" | Alexis Sweet | Paolo Marchesini | January 15, 2007 (2007-01-15) | 5.51 |
| 31 | 3 | "The Skin Color" | Alexis Sweet | Luca Monesi | January 16, 2007 (2007-01-16) | 6.14 |
| 32 | 4 | "The Revenge is Cold Dish" | Alexis Sweet | Sara Mosetti | January 16, 2007 (2007-01-16) | 5.85 |
| 33 | 5 | "The Woman To Be saved" | Pier Belloni | Francesco Balletta | January 22, 2007 (2007-01-22) | 5.52 |
| 34 | 6 | "The Blood Doesn't Lie" | Pier Belloni | Laura Nucilli & Paolo Marchesini | January 22, 2007 (2007-01-22) | 5.05 |
| 35 | 7 | "Among Life and Death" | Pier Belloni | Paolo Marchesini | January 23, 2007 (2007-01-23) | 6.49 |
| 36 | 8 | "The Fear From The Crowd" | Pier Belloni | Leonardo Fasoli | January 23, 2007 (2007-01-23) | 5.95 |
| 37 | 9 | "The Bus" | Pier Belloni | Stefano Bises | January 30, 2007 (2007-01-30) | 6.40 |
| 38 | 10 | "Medium" | Pier Belloni | Filippo Kalomenidis | January 30, 2007 (2007-01-30) | 5.99 |
| 39 | 11 | "Ready To Die" | Pier Belloni | Paolo Marchesini | February 6, 2007 (2007-02-06) | 6.30 |
| 40 | 12 | "Establishment, Dear Son" | Pier Belloni | Sara Mosetti | February 6, 2007 (2007-02-06) | 5.61 |
| 41 | 13 | "The Prisoner" | Pier Belloni | Francesco Balletta | February 13, 2007 (2007-02-13) | 6.48 |
| 42 | 14 | "The African Fever" | Pier Belloni | Laura Nuccilli | February 13, 2007 (2007-02-13) | 6.50 |
| 43 | 15 | "Venturi's Sins" | Pier Belloni | Barbara Petronio & Leonardo Valenti | February 20, 2007 (2007-02-20) | 6.61 |
| 44 | 16 | "The Time Run" | Pier Belloni | Barbara Petronio & Leonardo Valenti | February 20, 2007 (2007-02-20) | 6.55 |

### Season 4 (2008)

RIS: Delitti Imperfetti (season 4)

### Season 5 (2009.)

| Actor | Character | Main cast | Recurring cast |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Lorenzo Flaherty** | **Captain Riccardo Venturi** | entire season |  |
| **Romina Mondello** | **Lieutenant Giorgia Levi** | episodes 1–8 |  |
| **Ugo Dighero** | **Sergeant Vincenco De Biase** | entire season |  |
| **Fabio Troiano** | **Lieutenant Daniele Ghirelli** | entire season |  |
| **Jun Ichikawa** | **Sublieutanant Flavia Ayroldi** | entire season |  |
| **Magdalena Mochowska** | **Dr. Veronica Gambetta** | episodes 3–20 |  |
| **Paolo Maria Scalondro** | **Captain Edoardo Rocchi** | entire season |  |
| **Gea Lionello** | **Dr. Claudia Morandi** | entire season |  |
| **Nino D'Agata** | **General Giacomo Tosi** |  | episode 1 |

* 1.
* 2. The dangerous books
* 3. The sharp shooter
* 4. The last side
* 5. The book of the cult
* 6. The romantic woman
* 7. Self-defense
* 8. The relations
* 9. The defense of the homes
* 10. The road network
* 11. The shadow of his father
* 12. Blood sailing
* 13. The private justice
* 14. The lesson
* 15. That what is significantly is not visible to the naked eye
* 16. The lead mistakes
* 17. The life killers
* 18. The melodrama
* 19. The secret cults
* 20. The step from the end

### Season 6 (2010.)

| Actor | Character | Main cast | Recurring cast |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Euridice Axen** | **Captain Lucia Brancato** | entire season |  |
| **Fabio Troiano** | **Lieutenant Daniele Ghirelli** | entire season |  |
| **Mary Petruolo** | **Lieutenant Constanza Moro** | entire season |  |
| **Primo Raggiani** | **Sublieutenant Emiliano Checci** | entire season |  |
| **Jun Ichikawa** | **Sublieutanant Flavia Ayroldi** | entire season |  |
| **Marco Rosseti** | **Lieutenant Bartolomeo Dossena** | entire season |  |
| **Claudio Castargiovanni** | **Captain Guido Brancato** | episodes 1–10,12–20 |  |
| **Pierluiggi Coralo** | **Major Ernesto Rambaudi** |  | episodes 6–11 |

* 1. SPQR
* 2. The angel of death
* 3. The suicide letter
* 4. The secret of the golden tomb
* 5. The eye doesn't see
* 6. The end of the run
* 7. The Avenger
* 8. Who killed Santa Claus?
* 9. The first and the last
* 10. The crime of the veiled lady
* 11. The first blood
* 12. The family on the reunion
* 13. The Lucifer's effect
* 14. The past is coming back
* 15. The flaring man
* 16. The fire from the sky
* 17. The judgment day
* 18. Hackers and crackers
* 19. The miracles
* 20. The end of the game

### Season 7 (2011.)

| Actor | Character | Main cast | Recurring cast |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Euridice Axen** | **Captain Lucia Brancato** | entire season |  |
| **Fabio Troiano** | **Captain Daniele Ghirelli** | entire season |  |
| **Primo Raggiani** | **Sublieutenant Emiliano Checci** | entire season |  |
| **Jun Ichikawa** | **Sublieutanant Flavia Ayroldi** | episodes 1–3 | episode 11 |
| **Simone Gandolfo** | **Lieutenant Orlando Sera** | entire season |  |
| **Marco Rosseti** | **Lieutenant Bartolomeo Dossena** | entire season |  |
| **Lucia Rossi** | **Sublieutenant Bianca Proetti** | episodes 3–20 |  |
| **Pierluiggi Coralo** | **Major Ernesto Rambaudi** | episodes 1–10,12–20 |  |

* 1. In the protection of own home
* 2. The wolf's gang
* 3. Sayonara
* 4. Over the mask
* 5. The fall in the disgrace
* 6. 2012
* 7. The rabbit's day
* 8. The wolf's voice
* 9. The sixth man
* 10. For the handful of coins
* 11. In the Stinco's foots
* 12. The secret dolls
* 13. The bones
* 14. The spektekl of cruelty
* 15. The beloved sister
* 16. The vampires in the Rome
* 17. I love you
* 18. The guinea pigs
* 19. The end
* 20. The last chance

### Season 8 (2012.)

| Actor | Character | Main cast | Recurring cast |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Euridice Axen** | **Captain Lucia Brancato** | entire season |  |
| **Fabio Troiano** | **Captain Daniele Ghirelli** | entire season |  |
| **Primo Raggiani** | **Sublieutenant Emiliano Checci** | entire season |  |
| **Simone Gandolfo** | **Lieutenant Orlando Sera** | entire season |  |
| **Marco Rosseti** | **Lieutenant Bartolomeo Dossena** | entire season |  |
| **Lucia Rossi** | **Sublieutenant Bianca Proetti** | entire season |  |
| **Pierluiggi Coralo** | **Major Ernesto Rambaudi** | entire season |  |

* 1. The wolf's return
* 2. More ruthless than ever
* 3. Crack, you're dead
* 4. Clandesstino on the ship
* 5. Sasso's case
* 6. The fish called ball
* 7. In the body's absence
* 8. The declaration
* 9. The corridors of power
* 10. The deadly tattoo
* 11. In one way
* 12. The last confession
* 13. The purchase from the captain
* 14. Save Lara
* 15. The secret identity
* 16. I wrote it
* 17. The scorpion's bite
* 18. The lab rats
* 19. The search for the guns
* 20. Till the end


title: Queensland B15 class locomotive

abstract: The Queensland Railways B15 class locomotive is an old class of 4-6-0 engines operated by the Queensland Railways.

text:
# Queensland B15 class locomotive

The **Queensland Railways B15 class locomotive** is an old class of 4-6-0 engines operated by the Queensland Railways.

## History

In 1889 the first B15 class locomotives built by Nasmyth, Wilson & Co entered service. Further orders from Evans, Anderson, Phelan & Co, Yorkshire Engine Company and Walkers Limited saw the class total of 92 engines by 1899. Per Queensland Railway's classification system they were designated the B15 class engine, B representing they had three driving axles, and 15-inch (381 mm) diameter cylinders. A further six engines were acquired In 1919 when the Queensland Railways took over the Chillagoe Railway & Mining Co.

Problems with broken rails saw three sets of 45-inch (1,143 mm) driving wheels acquired from the South Australian Railways and fitted to 336 at North Ipswich Railway Workshops in November 1900. Judged a success, most others were fitted over the next 30 years. They spent most of their life operating out of Cairns.

## Preservation

Two examples are preserved.

## InfoBox

| Queensland Railways B15 class | |
| --- | --- |
| Photograph of a B15, c.1890 | |
| Type and origin  Power type Steam  Builder Nasmyth, Wilson & Co (15)
Evans, Anderson, Phelan & Co (21)
Yorkshire Engine Company (10)
Walkers Limited (52)  Build date 1889-1899  Total produced 98 | |
| Specifications  Configuration:
   Whyte 4-6-0  Gauge 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)  Driver dia. 3 ft 0 in (914 mm) (as built)
3 ft 9 in (1,143 mm) (replacements)  Length 45 ft 7 in (13.89 m)  Fuel type Coal  Cylinders 2  Cylinder size 15 in (381 mm)  Valve gear Stephenson | |
| Career  Operators Queensland Railways  Numbers 3, 23, 42, 54, 95, 205-219, 235-244, 270-280, 289-338, 341-346, 539  Preserved 290, 299  Disposition 2 preserved, 96 scrapped | |


title: Queensland B13 Baldwin class locomotive

abstract: The Queensland Railways B13 Baldwin class locomotive was a one locomotive class of 4-6-0 steam locomotive operated by the Queensland Railways.

text:
# Queensland B13 Baldwin class locomotive

The **Queensland Railways B13 Baldwin class locomotive** was a one locomotive class of 4-6-0 steam locomotive operated by the Queensland Railways.

## History

In February 1908 a Baldwin Locomotive Works 4-6-0 locomotive was delivered to the Cairns-Mulgrave Tramway. It was acquired by Queensland Railways in December 1911 with the tramway and numbered 5. Per Queensland Railway's classification system it was designated the B13 class, B representing it had three driving axles, and the 13 the cylinder diameter in inches.

## InfoBox

| Queensland Railways B13 class | |
| --- | --- |
| Baldwin B13 class steam locomotive, 1892 | |
| Type and origin  Power type Steam  Builder Baldwin Locomotive Works  Build date 1908  Total produced 1 | |
| Specifications  Configuration:
   Whyte 4-6-0  Gauge 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)  Fuel type Coal  Cylinders 2 | |
| Career  Operators Cairns-Mulgrave Tramway
Queensland Railways  Numbers 5  Disposition scrapped | |


abstract: Gold Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role is an award given by Zee TV as part of its annual Gold Awards for Indian television series and artists, to recognize a male actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a supporting role. The award was first awarded in 2007 and since has been separated in two categories, Critics Award and Popular Award. Critics Award is given by the chosen jury of critics assigned to the function while Popular Award is given on the basis of public voting.

text:
# Gold Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role

**Gold Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role** is an award given by Zee TV as part of its annual Gold Awards for Indian television series and artists, to recognize a male actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a supporting role.

The award was first awarded in 2007 and since has been separated in two categories, **Critics Award** and **Popular Award**. Critics Award is given by the chosen jury of critics assigned to the function while Popular Award is given on the basis of public voting.

## List of winners

### 2000s

### 2010s

## InfoBox

| Gold Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role | |
| --- | --- |
| The 2019 recipient: Karan Singh Grover | |
| Awarded for | Best Performance by a Male Actor in a Negative Role on Television |
| Country | India |
| Presented by | White Leaf Entertainment |
| First awarded | 2007 (for performances in TV shows in 2006) |
| Currently held by |  |
| Website | Gold Awards |