title: Fred Degazon

abstract: Frederick Eutrope Degazon was a Dominican politician who served as the first President of the country from 1979 to 1980.

text:
# Fred Degazon

**Frederick Eutrope Degazon** (4 January 1913 – 4 October 2008) was a Dominican politician who served as the first President of the country from 1979 to 1980.

## Biography

He was born in Castries, Saint Lucia on 4 January 1913.

Degazon went to college in Saint Lucia and studied law in the University of London. He practised law privately in Saint Lucia and Dominica from 1934 to 1940. In the 1940s he served as a civil servant in Dominica, Saint Lucia and Jamaica until his retirement in 1969. He was elected Speaker of the House of Assembly in 1977 and after declaration of independence in 1978, parliament elected Degazon as first President of Dominica, the post is largely ceremonial.

In June 1979, during a constitutional crisis stirred by the desire for democratic socialist reforms, Degazon tried to leave the country and was eventually allowed to flee to England on 11 June. The House of Assembly initially elected as his replacement Louis Cools-Lartigue, who resigned the next day, and he was then replaced by Jenner Armour. Degazon officially resigned in February 1980. He resided in London until his death there on 4 October 2008, at the age of 95.

## InfoBox

| Fred Degazon | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| President of Dominica | |
| **In office**
16 January 1979  29 January 1980 | |
| Prime Minister | Patrick John
Oliver Seraphin |
| Preceded by | Sir Louis Cools-Lartigue (acting) |
| Succeeded by | Sir Louis Cools-Lartigue (acting) |
| Speaker of the House of Assembly of Dominica | |
| **In office**
March 1977  December 1978 | |
| Premier | Patrick John |
| Preceded by | Eustace Hazelwood Francis |
| Succeeded by | Pershing Waldron |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Frederick Eutrope Degazon
4 January 1913
Castries, Saint Lucia |
| Died | 4 October 2008 (aged 95)
Greater London, England |
| Alma mater | University of London |
|  | |


title: Freak the Sheep Vol. 2

abstract: Freak The Sheep Volume 2 was a New Zealand compilation album organised by the bNet student radio network. It was named after a bFM New Zealand music radio show that has been running since 1987. Unlike the previous Freak the Sheep compilation which focused on Auckland bands, this compilation had bands from around the country. The concept was similar to the 1986 National Student Radio Weird Culture Weird Custom compilation LP, which launched the careers of Cassandra's Ears and the Puddle. At the time of release it was very difficult for uncommercial bands to release music, and most bands on the compilation had only self-released cassettes that were only available in their own towns. The Cyclops and the Axel Grinders had previous releases on international labels, but this was their first release in their own country. It was the first release from Into The Void, a Christchurch band that performed for several decades. It was released by the Flying Nun label in 1992 on cassette and CD.

text:
# Freak the Sheep Vol. 2

***Freak The Sheep Volume 2*** was a New Zealand compilation album organised by the bNet student radio network. It was named after a bFM New Zealand music radio show that has been running since 1987. Unlike the previous Freak the Sheep compilation which focused on Auckland bands, this compilation had bands from around the country. The concept was similar to the 1986 National Student Radio *Weird Culture Weird Custom* compilation LP, which launched the careers of Cassandra's Ears and the Puddle.

At the time of release it was very difficult for uncommercial bands to release music, and most bands on the compilation had only self-released cassettes that were only available in their own towns. The Cyclops and the Axel Grinders had previous releases on international labels, but this was their first release in their own country. It was the first release from Into The Void, a Christchurch band that performed for several decades.

It was released by the Flying Nun label in 1992 on cassette and CD.

## Track listing

1. "Fat Little Man - Head Like a Hole
2. "Swill of the Gods" - Axel Grinders
3. "God" - Blue Marbles
4. "Gettin' My Thing Together" - Gestalt
5. "Made Easy" - Swim Everything
6. "In the Ear" - Tinnitus
7. "Real Swingers" - Leaders of Style
8. "Gash" - Into the Void
9. "Falling Golden Trumpets" - Cyclops
10. "Will Shiver" - Book of Martyrs
11. "Abacus" - Lushburger
12. "Ego" - Queen Meanie Puss

## InfoBox

| Freak The Sheep Vol. 2 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Flying Nun Records | |
| Released | 1992 |
| Label | Flying Nun Records |
| Flying Nun Records chronology | |
| *Freak The Sheep* ***Freak The Sheep Vol. 2*** | |


title: Fred Henry McGuire

abstract: Fred Henry McGuire was a Chief Pharmacist Mate in the United States Navy and a Medal of Honor recipient for his role in the Philippine–American War.

text:
# Fred Henry McGuire

**Fred Henry McGuire** (November 7, 1890  February 4, 1958) was a Chief Pharmacist Mate in the United States Navy and a Medal of Honor recipient for his role in the Philippine–American War.

## Biography

Fred joined the Navy at age 19 in 1909. Following basic training he was advanced to the Rank of Seaman, Hospital Apprentice and Chief Pharmacist's Mate. He was assigned to the gunboat U.S.S. Pampanga, a captured Spanish gunboat which was outfitted in 1899 as a U.S. Naval Vessel.

For a time the Pampanga served as a patrol boat in the service of the army, near Corregidor Island, but was returned to the Navy in late 1910. When the Pampanga was re-commissioned in April 1911, twenty year old Fred Henry McGuire was aboard, a member of a crew assigned to patrol duty off the coast of Basilan Island in the southern Philippines. Their assignment was to suppress a growing resistance to the American presence in the 7000 island Philippine archipelago.

In November 1939, McGuire retired from the Navy. During World War II, he was recalled to active duty and served in the Hospital Corps Division at Bureau of Medicine, Washington, D.C. In October 1945, he was again placed on the retired list.

He died February 4, 1958, and is buried in Springfield National Cemetery in Springfield, Missouri.

## Medal of Honor citation

Born: 7 November 1890, Gordonville, Missouri Entered service at: Gordonville, Mo. G.O. No.: 138, 13 December 1911.

Rank/Organization: Hospital Apprentice (Highest Rank: Chief Pharmacist)

Conflict: Action Against Outlaws, Philippines 1911

Unit/Command: U.S.S. Pampanga

Military Service Branch: U.S. Navy

Medal of Honor Action Date: September 23, 1911

**Citation:**

> While attached to the U.S.S. Pampanga, McGuire was one of a shore party moving in to capture Mundang, on the island of Basilan, Philippine Islands, on the morning of 24 September 1911. Ordered to take station within 100 yards of a group of nipa huts close to the trail, McGuire advanced and stood guard as the leader and his scout party first searched the surrounding deep grasses, then moved into the open area before the huts. Instantly enemy Moros opened point-blank fire on the exposed men and approximately 20 Moros charged the small group from inside the huts and from other concealed positions. McGuire, responding to the calls for help, was one of the first on the scene. After emptying his rifle into the attackers, he closed in with rifle, using it as a club to wage fierce battle until his comrades arrived on the field, when he rallied to the aid of his dying leader and other wounded. Although himself wounded, McGuire ministered tirelessly and efficiently to those who had been struck down, thereby saving the lives of 2 who otherwise might have succumbed to enemy-inflicted wounds.

## Sources

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Army Center of Military History.

## InfoBox

| Fred Henry McGuire | |
| --- | --- |
| Fred Henry McGuire | |
| Born | (1890-11-07)November 7, 1890
Gordonville, Missouri, US |
| Died | February 4, 1958(1958-02-04) (aged 67)
Mountain Grove, Missouri, US |
| Buried | Springfield National Cemetery, Springfield, Missouri |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service/branch | United States Navy |
| Rank | Chief Pharmacist's Mate |
| Battles/wars | Philippine–American War |
| Awards | Medal of Honor |


title: Fred Hermann Brandt

abstract: Fred Hermann Brandt was a German entomological collector, botanist and Nazi secret agent in World War II who worked in Iran and Afghanistan during the 1930s.

text:
# Fred Hermann Brandt

**Fred Hermann Brandt** (21 May 1908 – 30 November 1994) was a German entomological collector, botanist and Nazi secret agent in World War II who worked in Iran and Afghanistan during the 1930s.

## Biography

Brandt was born in St. Petersburg and grew up in Latvia. His brother, Wilhelm Brandt (1904–1982), was an entomologist who specialised in butterflies particularly of Papua New Guinea, and through his brother Fred also became interested in the field. In the Second World War, he became a counter-espionage agent and rose to the rank of Colonel within the German Wehrmacht and led a Brandenburg Battalion in 1939-40. An Afghan government mission to Berlin noted the problem of leprosy and the German government offered to help with a “leprosy research commission” which was headed by Dr Manfred Oberdörffer. Oberdörffer was invited by the Afghan government and he chose Brandt as an assistant. Brandt's knowledge of Russian, Iranian, Arabic and Islamic culture were considered key skills. Labelled by the British media as "the crafty butterfly colonel" they set up camp on the Waziristan border and joined the tribes there. On 15 July 1941 the pair took over a British field station in Waziristan and were attacked by Afghan troops. In the ensuing gun battle, they were both injured and Oberdörffer died of injuries on the way to Kabul while Brandt spent three months in hospital before being repatriated to Germany in November 1941. The main aim of their mission had been to recruit Mirza Ali Khan, a Waziri guerrilla leader known as the *Fakir of Ipi* to help in attacking British targets. Hearing that many German officers were being shot as traitors by the Nazi leadership, he joined British officers at Lezha and travelled to Bari as a prisoner of war.

Brandt was later taken prisoner by the Soviets and was held in custody until 1955.

Brandt wrote a memoir of his army service in 1973.

Some of the lepidopteran specimens collected by Brandt were studied later and some new species were described. *Scythris brandti* is named after him. His collections are deposited along with those of his brother Wilhelm Brandt in the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet at Stockholm.

The standard author abbreviation F.H.Brandt is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.


title: Millu Jaqhi

abstract: Millu Jaqhi is a 4,186-metre-high (13,734 ft) mountain in the Bolivian Andes. It is located in the La Paz Department, Aroma Province, Sica Sica Municipality. The Qullpa Jawira originates south of Millu Jaqhi. It flows to the north.

text:
# Millu Jaqhi

**Millu Jaqhi** (Aymara *millu* a kind of salpeter, *jaqhi* precipice, cliff, "salpeter cliff", also spelled *Millu Jakke*) is a 4,186-metre-high (13,734 ft) mountain in the Bolivian Andes. It is located in the La Paz Department, Aroma Province, Sica Sica Municipality.

The Qullpa Jawira ("salpeter river", *Khollpa Jahuira*) originates south of Millu Jaqhi. It flows to the north.

## InfoBox

| Millu Jaqhi | |
| --- | --- |
| Millu JaqhiLocation within Bolivia | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 4,186 m (13,734 ft) |
| Coordinates | 17°13′34″S 67°31′41″W / 17.22611°S 67.52806°W / -17.22611; -67.52806 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Bolivia<br>La Paz Department |
| Parent range | Andes |


title: Madame Spy (1934 film)

abstract: Madame Spy is a 1934 American adventure film directed by Karl Freund and starring Fay Wray, Oscar Apfel, Edward Arnold and Nils Asther. The film was produced and distributed by Universal Pictures. It is a remake of the 1932 film Under False Flag which was produced by Deutsche Universal, the German subsidiary of the studio, and was itself based on a novel of the same title by Max W. Kimmich.

text:
# Madame Spy (1934 film)

***Madame Spy*** is a 1934 American adventure film directed by Karl Freund and starring Fay Wray, Oscar Apfel, Edward Arnold and Nils Asther. The film was produced and distributed by Universal Pictures. It is a remake of the 1932 film *Under False Flag* which was produced by Deutsche Universal, the German subsidiary of the studio, and was itself based on a novel of the same title by Max W. Kimmich.

## Plot

Maria is married to Captain Franck of German Intelligence. He does not know she is a Russian assigned to spy on him. When he is told to uncover a leak, he vows revenge on his wife.

## Cast

## Bibliography

* Goble, Alan. *The Complete Index to Literary Sources in Film*. Walter de Gruyter, 1999.

## InfoBox

| Madame Spy | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Karl Freund |
| Screenplay by | William Hurlbut |
| Story by | Johannes Brandt
Josef Than
Max W. Kimmich |
| Based on | *Under False Flag*  by Max W. Kimmich |
| Produced by | Carl Laemmle, Jr. |
| Starring | Fay Wray
Oscar Apfel
Edward Arnold
Nils Asther |
| Cinematography | Norbert Brodine |
| Edited by | David Berg |
| Music by | Heinz Roemheld |
| Production
company | Universal Pictures |
| Distributed by | Universal Pictures |
| Release date | * February 10, 1934 (1934-02-10) |
| Running time | 70 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Neotrinia

abstract:
Neotrinia is a genus of grasses in the family Poaceae. The genus is named after Russian German botanist Carl Bernhard von Trinius.
  - Species
  - Neotrinia chitralensis (Bor) M.Nobis
  - Neotrinia splendens (Trin.) M.Nobis, P.D.Gudkova & A.Nowak

text:
# Neotrinia

***Neotrinia*** is a genus of grasses in the family Poaceae. The genus is named after Russian German botanist Carl Bernhard von Trinius.

Species

## InfoBox

| *Neotrinia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Neotrinia splendens* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Pooideae |
| Tribe: | Stipeae |
| Genus: | *Neotrinia*
(Tzvelev) M.Nobis, P.D.Gudkova & A.Nowak |
|
| Type species | |
| ***Neotrinia splendens***
(Trin.) M.Nobis, P.D.Gudkova & A.Nowak | |


title: Humlaa

abstract: Humlaa is a 1992 Indian Hindi-language action film directed by N. Chandra, starring Ashok Kumar, Dharmendra, Anil Kapoor, Meenakshi Sheshadri, Kimi Katkar and Anupam Kher.

text:
# Humlaa

***Humlaa***  is a 1992 Indian Hindi-language action film directed by N. Chandra, starring Ashok Kumar, Dharmendra, Anil Kapoor, Meenakshi Sheshadri, Kimi Katkar and Anupam Kher.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

| Song | Singer |
| --- | --- |
| "Pani Khoon Nahin Banta, Khoon Nahin Banta Pani" | Mohammed Aziz |
| "Pani Khoon Nahin Banta, Khoon Nahin Banta Pani" | Mohammed Aziz, Nitin Mukesh |
| "Shuru Shuru Ki Yeh Mulaqaten" | Mohammed Aziz, Anuradha Paudwal |
| "Ab Tum Aaye Ho To" | Anuradha Paudwal |
| "Dil Nahin Dena Re, Dil Nahin Lena" | Amit Kumar, Alka Yagnik |
| "Tu Bada Aadmi Hai" | Alka Yagnik |
| "Sau Sawaalon Ka Jawab" | Udit Narayan |
|

## InfoBox

| Humlaa | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | N. Chandra |
| Written by | N. Chandra |
| Produced by | Madan Mohla |
| Starring |  |
| Music by | Laxmikant–Pyarelal |
| Release date | * 29 May 1992 (1992-05-29) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Hindi |


title: Oscar Holderer

abstract: Oscar Carl Holderer was an engineer who worked for Nazi Germany during World War II before coming to the United States and working in the Apollo space program.

text:
# Oscar Holderer

**Oscar Carl Holderer** (November 4, 1919 – May 5, 2015) was an engineer who worked for Nazi Germany during World War II before coming to the United States and working in the Apollo space program.

## Early life

Oscar Carl Holderer was born on November 4, 1919, in Prüm, Germany to parents Richard and Helene Grawe Holderer. He had a brother, Erich Joseph, and sister Doris (Pape).

## Career

During World War II, Holderer worked for the German military as a low-level engineer under Wernher von Braun. When the war ended, the United States selected 100 of von Braun's men to help improve the United States' rocket technology as part of Operation Paperclip. Shortly thereafter, another 20 were selected. Holderer was part of the second 20, arriving in 1945 as part of the second group. After a few years in White Sands, New Mexico, the Paperclip team moved to Redstone Arsenal, Alabama, in 1950.

When Holderer arrived at Redstone Arsenal, he rented a home from Milton K. Cummings' sister for two months. That allowed him time to design and start building a house. Unlike the rest of von Braun's team, he did not build his house on Monte Sano, but instead selected a country spot in northwest Huntsville. He continued to expand his residence over time; by 2008, the property included a house, guest house, large machine shop, and small swimming pool. He would end up living there the rest of his life. In 1955, Holderer became an American citizen.

Holderer's area of expertise was aerodynamics. According to Space Historian and former NASA publicist Ed Buckbee, Holderer personally brought America's first rocket wind tunnel from Germany and set it up for early testing. At Redstone Arsenal, he worked as a mechanical engineer, designer, and fabricator. He designed the wind tunnel used for Saturn V testing and oversaw the tunnel's construction at the Marshall Space Flight Center. The Saturn V later powered Apollo 11 on its successful Moon landing. Describing the project many years later, Holderer said the historical significance of the project was not felt at the time, but that he "was amazed when \[he\] heard what they had in mind." The same wind tunnel is still used by NASA for testing as of 2015.

Holderer was promoted several times and found he did not like management. "I'm a hands-on man," he said. "I had been promoted .. \[had\] too many people under \[me\]." He retired in 1974, but continued to design space-mission related equipment. He designed multi-axis trainer, 5DF, a one-sixth gravity chair, and other training equipment for the U.S. Space & Rocket Center's Space Camp. As of 2015, the equipment is still in use. He also converted the tail of a jetliner into a movie theater for the center's museum. When Alabama decided to erect a Saturn IB at the I-65 welcome center in 1979, Holderer was asked to facilitate. "NASA said, 'If Oscar says it's OK, it's OK,'" recalled Buckbee. He remained active with the Space & Rocket Center until his death.

## Death and legacy

Holderer died in Huntsville on May 5, 2015, at the age of 95, a few days after suffering a stroke. He was survived by his second wife, Jan Smith Dunlap Holderer, with whom he had two stepchildren: Clifford Dunlap and Mary Gaither. He had two sons with his first wife Inge Spors Holderer, to whom he was married for 50 years: Thomas and Michael. Holderer had four grandchildren and three great-grandchildren at the time of his death. He was the last known surviving member of the original Operation *Paperclip* team. Georg von Tiesenhausen, who emigrated later, was still alive. Upon his death, Buckbee described Holderer as "a very talented man, not only an aeroballistics expert but very accomplished in design and fabrication"

Holderer received 19 patents during his life. He was inducted into the Space Camp Hall of Fame in 2008.

## InfoBox

| Oscar Holderer | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1919-11-04)November 4, 1919
Prüm, Germany |
| Died | May 5, 2015(2015-05-05) (aged 95)
Huntsville, Alabama, United States |
| Nationality | German, American |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Aeronautics |
| Institutions | Peenemünde
Fort Bliss
Redstone Arsenal
Marshall Space Flight Center |
|  | |


title: Phanera japonica

abstract: Phanera japonica is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae which can be found in Guangdong, Hainan and Japan.

text:
# Phanera japonica

***Phanera japonica*** (Chinese: 日本羊蹄甲; pinyin: *ri ben yang ti jia*) is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae which can be found in Guangdong, Hainan and Japan.

## Description

The species petioles are 3–4 centimetres (1.2–1.6 in) long while the margins are papery, yellow in colour, and are 4–9 centimetres (1.6–3.5 in) long. It legume is oblong, swollen and is 2–2.8 centimetres (0.79–1.10 in) long. The leaf blade surface is shiny and hairless. The raceme is inflorescenced and is 10–23 centimetres (3.9–9.1 in) with many flowers. It bracteole is linear, 1 millimetre (0.039 in) long, and have 10–20 millimetres (0.39–0.79 in) long pedicels which are slender as well. It receptacle is broadly funneled and is 1.5–2 millimetres (0.059–0.079 in) long. Petals are green in colour, are either obovate or oblong, and are 4.5 millimetres (0.18 in) long while its claw is 2.5 millimetres (0.098 in). The species have three fertile stamens which are 11 millimetres (0.43 in) long and glabrous while the staminodes are two in number with silky hairs. The seeds are black coloured and are shiny, ensiform, and 7 millimetres (0.28 in) long. The flowers bloom from January to May while the fruits ripe from June to September.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Phanera japonica* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Phanera japonica* leaves | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Genus: | *Phanera* |
| Species: | ***P. japonica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phanera japonica***<br>(Maxim.) H.Ohashi | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Bauhinia japonica*  Maxim. * *Lasiobema japonicum*  (Maxim.) de Wit * *Bauhinia kwangtungensis*  Merr. | |


title: Pao cochinchinensis

abstract: Pao cochinchinensis is a species of freshwater pufferfish native to the basins of the Mekong and Chao Phraya Rivers. This species grows to a length of 7 centimetres (2.8 in) SL. It is known for its reputation to attack people by slicing off bits of flesh. Their tendency to take chunks of human flesh is similar to piranhas. It is one of two pufferfish species to attack humans, the other species is the Ferocious Pufferfish.

text:
# Pao cochinchinensis

***Pao cochinchinensis*** is a species of freshwater pufferfish native to the basins of the Mekong and Chao Phraya Rivers. This species grows to a length of 7 centimetres (2.8 in) SL.

It is known for its reputation to attack people by slicing off bits of flesh. Their tendency to take chunks of human flesh is similar to piranhas. It is one of two pufferfish species to attack humans, the other species is the Ferocious Pufferfish (*Feroxodon multistriatus*).

## InfoBox

| *Pao cochinchinensis* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Tetraodontiformes |
| Family: | Tetraodontidae |
| Genus: | *Pao* |
| Species: | ***P. cochinchinensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pao cochinchinensis***
(Steindachner, 1866) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Crayacion cochinchinensis* Steindachner, 1866 * *Monotrete cochinchinensis* (Steindachner, 1866) * *Tetraodon cochinchinensis* (Steindachner, 1866) | |


title: Victoriano G. de Ysasi

abstract: Victoriano Gregorio de Ysasi Jáuregui was a Spanish wine merchant and philatelist resident in London. He was an early member of the Philatelic Society, London, later the Royal Philatelic Society London. Shortly before his death, major parts of his collection of the stamps of Spain and its colonies were acquired by Thomas Tapling. He died from injuries received in a railway accident at Blackburn while waiting in a carriage at a railway station when a connecting train failed to stop in time.

text:
# Victoriano G. de Ysasi

**Victoriano Gregorio de Ysasi Jáuregui** (c. 1816 – 8 August 1881) was a Spanish wine merchant and philatelist resident in London. He was an early member of the Philatelic Society, London, later the Royal Philatelic Society London. Shortly before his death, major parts of his collection of the stamps of Spain and its colonies were acquired by Thomas Tapling. He died from injuries received in a railway accident at Blackburn while waiting in a carriage at a railway station when a connecting train failed to stop in time.

## Early life

Victoriano Gregorio de Ysasi Jáuregui was born in Málaga, Spain, around 1816, into a well-known Andalusian family of Basque descent, active in the Sherry and Malaga wine trade. He moved to London in 1847 to learn the English side of the trade and took a post as a partner in the firm of his cousin Manuel de Ysasi who traded as Ysasi & Co. at 5 Water Lane Tower Street.

## Career

De Ysasi traded as a wine merchant in London, and set up his own firm of G. V. de Ysasi & Co. He married Clara Ransome of King's Lynn in 1862 at Islington, and they had five children: Victoriano, Manuel, Teresa, Rafael de Ysasi Ransome and Margarita. At the time of his death, his address was given as 5 Water Lane, a street on the edge of the River Thames, in the City of London.

In the 1870s, until the time of his death, he lived at 39 Brondesbury Villas, Kilburn.

## Philately

De Ysasi was one of the earliest members of The Philatelic Society, London, and became its vice president in May 1880. He knew Edward Stanley Gibbons, founder of the eponymous firm, and supplied him with stamps of Spain and its colonies such as Cuba, Fernando Po, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico. In return Gibbons gave him any relevant rarities that he came across.

Around 1873, he read a paper to the London society that was translated from an original by Mariano Pardo de Figueroa, also known as "Dr Thebussem". The paper was printed and distributed to members in 1873 as *Obliteration Marks, Mata-Sellos, on Spanish Stamps* and is the first publication of The Philatelic Society, London.

He was in the habit of describing his stamps as his "grandchildren", and had assembled a nearly complete collection of the stamps of Spain and its colonies that he was in the process of selling, much of which was acquired by Thomas Tapling, when he died unexpectedly.

## Death

On 8 August 1881, De Ysasi was injured in a railway accident at Blackburn while waiting in a carriage at the railway station when a connecting train failed to stop in time. He died shortly afterwards at the Blackburn Infirmary. He was buried at St Mary's Catholic Cemetery at Kensal Green. His will was proved by Joseph Leopold Rosenheim, a cotton merchant in Liverpool and former wine merchant. De Ysasi left an estate of £11,809.

## InfoBox

| Victoriano de Ysasi | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | c. 1816
Málaga, Spain |
| Died | 8 August 1881 (aged 6465)
Blackburn, England |
| Occupation | Wine merchant |
| Spouse | Clara Ransome Wilkins |
| Relatives | Rafael de Ysasi Ransome, Manuel de Ysasi, Alfred Newman Gilbey |


title: Freckleton's Stores, Camooweal

abstract: Freckleton's Stores is a heritage-listed group of shops at Barkly Street, Camooweal, City of Mount Isa, Queensland, Australia. It was built from c. 1895 to 1950s. It is also known as Synnot and Co., Synnot, Murray and Scholes and Synnot, Murray and Scholes. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

text:
# Freckleton's Stores, Camooweal

**Freckleton's Stores** is a heritage-listed group of shops at Barkly Street, Camooweal, City of Mount Isa, Queensland, Australia. It was built from c.1895 to 1950s. It is also known as Synnot and Co., Synnot, Murray and Scholes and Synnot, Murray and Scholes. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

## History

Freckleton's stores comprise a group of buildings located at the western end of Barkly Street, Camooweal, in north-west Queensland. The township of Camooweal was proclaimed in 1884, and developed as a pastoral centre for outback stations. Camooweal was also important in the context of pre-Federation customs collection, as it was only seven miles from the border with South Australia, later the Northern Territory.

The land was granted to Thomas Harding in 1888 and acquired by Frank Frith, a Camooweal storekeeper in 1891. The land was acquired by John Affleck in 1893. Affleck took out a mortgage with Patrick Synnott in 1895, suggesting that the earliest of the present stores which was built as a general store for bulk groceries such as flour, sugar and tea, was erected at about this time. At the turn of the century a two-gallon licence to decant and sell spirits was obtained, and c.1901 a bond store was erected adjacent to the eastern side of the general store, which became known as the "gallon licence".

Although Normanton became the chief port into the Gulf of Carpentaria after the 1870s, it was from Burketown that the Camooweal district drew its supplies. Affleck and Synnott were Burketown merchants, of the firm Affleck, Synnott and Co.

Synnott and Co, storekeepers, were first recorded at Camooweal in 1903. Affleck took out a further mortgage with Burns Philp and Co in 1906. The stores were acquired by Patrick Synnott in 1911, and became known as Synnott, Murray and Scholes in 1918. They were managed by Synnott's son, James H Synnott, of Camooweal from 1934 to 1940.

In 1943 the business, including associated buildings, was sold to Joseph Freckleton a tank sinker and teamster originally from South Australia. By the 1940s the business had acquired the Shell and Qantas agencies and Freckleton was able to take advantage of wartime demand for aviation gasoline and other services during Camooweal's period as a military movements and supply centre.

By the late 1940s, in addition to the general store and gallon licence, the Freckleton family owned a number of buildings, including another store, in Camooweal. Around 1950 this store was moved onto the stores allotment and re-erected adjacent to the eastern side of the gallon licence, becoming the third building on the allotment. This former store was operated as a cafe and milkbar until the early 1980s.

Concrete footpaths and street gutters were laid by Freckleton during the early 1950s. Concrete retaining walls were erected around the early flagstone footpath outside the general store at this time. During the early 1950s Freckleton was involved in the purchase, dismantling and re-sale of ex army building materials and erected timber storage racks between the general store and gallon licence. Also during this period he erected a large iron shed at the rear of the allotment for bulk storage of liquor produce and fuel.

Freckleton died in 1964 and control of the stores passed to two of his children, Joseph Freckleton and Lillian Ada Miller. Substantial repairs and maintenance were undertaken on buildings on the allotment during the early 1970s. A kitchen and toilet were built onto the rear of the cafe for the manager, and a carport was erected at the rear of the allotment.

In 2009, following the death of Joe Freckleton, his sister Ada closed the store and the Barkly History Museum within it as, aged 82, she was unable to continue to operate it.

## Description

Freckletons Stores are situated on an allotment containing several single-storeyed timber and corrugated iron buildings, which include the Old Store (c.1895) and the Bond Store/Gallon Licence (c.1901). An iron covered timber storage rack and carport are also on the allotment.

The Old Store is clad in vertically-running corrugated iron on a timber frame and has a simple gabled roof flanked by skillions. The roof is supported by a simple structure of timber rafters, purlins and collar ties resting on round timber posts with brackets. The posts are founded on bedlogs, and the floor joists rest on the ground; this contact with the earth has created a white ant problem. The store contains extensive hand-hewn shelving for the storage of flour etc. Externally, an awning runs the width of the street elevation to the south. It is supported by five substantial round timber posts. It covers a section of footpath which is paved in local unworked limestone slabs set in a bedding of antbed, now concrete pointed, and is retained with a low concrete retaining wall. The building has a double door entrance at front and rear.

The Bond Store/Gallon Licence is clad in horizontally-running corrugated iron, and also has a simple gabled roof flanked by skillions. The building sits above the street on round timber stumps and steel posts. The store is lined internally with stained timber, and has extensive built-in timber shelving, cupboards and counters. An awning running the width of the gable end is supported on steel posts.

The two buildings complement each other in form and materials, and contribute to the streetscape as a now uncommon pair of corrugated iron stores.

## Heritage listing

Freckleton's Stores was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.

**The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.**

Freckleton's Stores, Camooweal, are important in demonstrating the pattern of Queensland's history, in particular the pattern of inland development in north-west Queensland, and the role of Burketown as a supply centre for north-west Queensland.

**The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.**

They are important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of early corrugated iron outback store buildings.

**The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.**

They exhibit particular aesthetic characteristics valued by the community, in particular their contribution to the character and streetscape of Camooweal.

**The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.**

As longstanding stores in Camooweal and north-west Queensland, they have a special association with the Camooweal community.

### Attribution

This Wikipedia article was originally based on *"The Queensland heritage register"* published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 7 July 2014, archived on 8 October 2014). The geo-coordinates were originally computed from the *"Queensland heritage register boundaries"* published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 5 September 2014, archived on 15 October 2014).

Media related to Freckleton's Stores, Camooweal at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Freckleton's Stores, Camooweal | |
| --- | --- |
| Freckleton's Stores | |
| Location | Barkly Street, Camooweal, City of Mount Isa, Queensland, Australia |
| Coordinates | 19°55′16″S 138°07′06″E / 19.9212°S 138.1183°E / -19.9212; 138.1183 |
| Design period | 1870s–1890s (late 19th century) |
| Built | c.1895–1950s |
|  | |
| Queensland Heritage Register | |
| Official name | Freckleton's Stores, Synnot and Co., Synnot, Murray and Scholes |
| Type | state heritage (built) |
| Designated | 21 October 1992 |
| Reference no. | 600739 |
| Significant period | 1890s, 1900s, 1950s (fabric)<br>c.1895–ongoing (historical use) |
| Significant components | footpath, furniture/fittings, steps/stairway, kerbing and channelling, wall/s – retaining |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Freckleton's Stores, Camooweal in QueenslandFreckleton's Stores, Camooweal (Australia) | |


title: Millunu

abstract: Millunu is an inactive volcano in Chile. Millunu is part of a complex of stratovolcanoes which straddles the border between Bolivia and Chile and covers a surface area of about 60 square kilometres (23 sq mi). Radiometric dates of this complex include 8.3, 7.2, 4.8 and 3.4 million years ago. The volcano is constructed by dacite and pyroxene or hornblende andesite. These form lava flows or pyroclastic flows which were exposed by a large explosive event in the western flank. The slopes are also covered with a large amount of lava flows, including a 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) broad dacite lava flow on the eastern flank.

text:
# Millunu

**Millunu** is an inactive volcano in Chile.

Millunu is part of a complex of stratovolcanoes which straddles the border between Bolivia and Chile and covers a surface area of about 60 square kilometres (23 sq mi). Radiometric dates of this complex include 8.3, 7.2, 4.8 and 3.4 million years ago.

The volcano is constructed by dacite and pyroxene or hornblende andesite. These form lava flows or pyroclastic flows which were exposed by a large explosive event in the western flank. The slopes are also covered with a large amount of lava flows, including a 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) broad dacite lava flow on the eastern flank.

* Vergara, Hernan (1979). "El Volcanismo Superior En Un Sector Andino Del Norte Grande De Chile (20°45' a 21°00')" (PDF). *biblioserver.sernageomin.cl* (in Spanish). Arica: Second Chilean Geological Congress. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 November 2015.


title: William W. Warren

abstract: William Wirt Warren was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts.

text:
# William W. Warren

**William Wirt Warren** (February 27, 1834 – May 2, 1880) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts.

## Biography

William W. Warren was born in Brighton (now a part of Boston), Massachusetts on February 27, 1834. He received a classical education, and graduated from Harvard University in 1855.

He attended Harvard Law School, continued to studied law, was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice in 1857.

In 1865 he was appointed assessor of internal revenue for the seventh district of Massachusetts, responsible to ensure payment of taxes levied to support the Union Army during the American Civil War. Warren also served on Brighton's school board and as its town clerk. He advocated for Brighton to be annexed to Boston, which occurred in 1874.

Warren was a delegate to the 1868 Democratic National Convention. In 1870 he served in the Massachusetts State Senate. He ran unsuccessfully for Congress in 1872, losing to John M. S. Williams.

In 1874 Warren was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1877). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1876 to the Forty-fifth Congress, losing to William Claflin.

After leaving Congress Warren resumed practicing law Boston.

Warren died in Boston on May 2, 1880. He was interred at Evergreen Cemetery in Boston.

* United States Congress. "William W. Warren (id: W000168)". *Biographical Directory of the United States Congress*.
* William Wirt Warren in *Memoirs of the Judiciary and the Bar of New England for the Nineteenth Century*. Volume III. 1901. Page 529. Conrad Reno, author.

This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

## InfoBox

| William W. Warren | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Massachusetts's 8th district | |
| **In office**
March 4, 1875  March 3, 1877 | |
| Preceded by | John M. S. Williams |
| Succeeded by | William Claflin |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1834-02-27)February 27, 1834
Brighton, Boston, Massachusetts |
| Died | May 2, 1880(1880-05-02) (aged 46)
Boston, Massachusetts |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Alma mater | Harvard University |
| Occupation | Lawyer |
|  | |


title: Mademoiselle Gaussin

abstract: Jeanne-Catherine Gaussem, stage name Marie-Madeleine Gaussin or Mademoiselle Gaussin, was a French stage actress. She was born to a servant of the actor Baron and a dresser of the theatre. She was engaged at the theatre of Lille in 1729-1731. She was engaged at the Comédie-Française in 1731. She debuted on the Comédie-Française on 28 April 1731 as Junie in Britannicus. Among her noted roles were Agnès in L'École des femmes, Andromaque, Iphigénie and Bérénice. Voltaire was her admirer, and made her a role model for the part of Zaïre. She performed both the heroine roles in tragedies as well as comedy. Her acting was described as sensitive, naive and with an elegance of voice. She became a Sociétaires of the Comédie-Française in 1731. She retired in 1763. Voltaire dedicated his epistle 38 (1732) to her.

text:
# Mademoiselle Gaussin

**Jeanne-Catherine Gaussem**, stage name **Marie-Madeleine Gaussin** or **Mademoiselle Gaussin** (25 December 1711 – 2 June 1767), was a French stage actress.

She was born to a servant of the actor Baron and a dresser of the theatre. She was engaged at the theatre of Lille in 1729-1731.

She was engaged at the Comédie-Française in 1731. She debuted on the Comédie-Française on 28 April 1731 as Junie in Britannicus. Among her noted roles were Agnès in L'École des femmes, Andromaque, Iphigénie and Bérénice. Voltaire was her admirer, and made her a role model for the part of Zaïre. She performed both the heroine roles in tragedies as well as comedy. Her acting was described as sensitive, naive and with an elegance of voice. She became a Sociétaires of the Comédie-Française in 1731.

She retired in 1763.

Voltaire dedicated his epistle 38 (1732) to her.


title: San Antonio Wings

abstract: The San Antonio Wings were an American football team who played a single season in the World Football League in 1975. The team started as the Florida Blazers in 1974, then moved to San Antonio, Texas in 1975, becoming the San Antonio Wings.

text:
# San Antonio Wings

The **San Antonio Wings** were an American football team who played a single season in the World Football League in 1975. The team started as the Florida Blazers in 1974, then moved to San Antonio, Texas in 1975, becoming the San Antonio Wings.

## History

The Florida Blazers never drew well, leading team owner Rommie Loudd to openly discuss moving the team to Atlanta in the middle of the 1974 season. The players and coaches were not paid for three months. Shortly after the Blazers' defeat in the World Bowl, Loudd was arrested on tax evasion and cocaine trafficking charges. He was convicted on the latter charge and served three years in prison. He was also sentenced to two years in prison for possession and distribution of cocaine.

The Blazers were one of two teams, the other being the Detroit Wheels, to outright fold after 1974 with no direct replacement in their markets in 1975 (not counting teams that moved midseason). Only one expansion team would be added, with Norman Bevan buying the franchise rights and establishing a team in San Antonio.

The new Wings were restocked with an expansion draft but retained 16 former Blazers, including running back Jim Strong and tight end Luther Palmer. Larry Grantham, a linebacker on the 1974 Blazers, retired but joined the Wings' coaching staff. The team's head coach was Perry Moss, a former head coach at Marshall and a former NFL assistant coach; Blazers coach Jack Pardee, who wanted nothing more to do with the WFL, returned to the NFL during the offseason.

Quarterback Johnnie Walton, a relic from the old Continental Football League who had spent most of the early 1970s bouncing around NFL practice squads, led the WFL in passing in 1975. The Wings held their home games at Alamo Stadium, which seated 25,000. San Antonio finished with a 7-6 record (winning all seven home games and losing all six road games) before the league folded on October 22, 1975.

### 1975 regular season

| **Key**: | **Win** | **Loss** | **Bye** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |

| Week | Day | Date | Opponent | Result | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Saturday | July 26, 1975 | Charlotte Hornets | **W** 27–10 | 12,375 |
| 2 | Saturday | August 2, 1975 | Shreveport Steamer | **W** 19–3 | 10,411 |
| 3 | Saturday | August 9, 1975 | Southern California Sun | **W** 54–22 | 21,000 |
| 4 | Saturday | August 16, 1975 | at Charlotte Hornets | **L** 20–27 | 8,447 |
| 5 | Saturday | August 23, 1975 | at Jacksonville Express | **L** 19–26 | 16,133 |
| 6 | Saturday | August 30, 1975 | Portland Thunder | **W** 22–0 | 12,197 |
| 7 | Saturday | September 6, 1975 | Southern California Sun | **W** 30–8 | 10,470 |
| 8 | Saturday | September 13, 1975 | at Birmingham Vulcans | **L** 24–33 | 12,500 |
| 9 | Sunday | September 21, 1975 | Hawaiians | **W** 30–11 | 10,871 |
| 10 | Sunday | September 28, 1975 | Memphis Grizzlies | **W** 25–17 | 16,283 |
| 11 | Saturday | October 4, 1975 | at Philadelphia Bell | **L** 38–42 | 2,357 |
| 12 | Sunday | October 12, 1975 | at Portland Thunder | **L** 25–28 | 3,818 |
| 13 | Sunday | October 19, 1975 | at Shreveport Steamer | **L** 31–41 | 8,500 |
|

1. "Orlando Boss Faces Charges". *Spokane Daily Chronicle*. December 23, 1974. Retrieved June 13, 2009.
2. "Ex-GM in WFL charged in drug ring". Pqasb.pqarchiver.com. March 11, 1975. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved June 12, 2009.
3. "State Drops Charges Against Jailed Loudd". *St. Petersburg Times*. July 20, 1976. Retrieved June 13, 2009.
4. "Loudd Gets Two Years For Cocaine Possession". Pqasb.pqarchiver.com. March 9, 1976. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved June 12, 2009.
5. "1975 World Football League Results". Retrieved 2015-11-11.

## InfoBox

San Antonio Wings
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Established | January 1975 |
| Folded | October 1975 |
| Based in | San Antonio, Texas |
| Home field | Alamo Stadium (25,000) |
| Head coach | Perry Moss |
| General manager | Duncan McCauley |
| Owner(s) | Norman Bevan |
| League | World Football League |
| Division | Western |
| Colours | Sky Blue & Cloud Silver<br> |


title: Sopwith Salamander

abstract: The Sopwith TF.2 Salamander was a British ground-attack aircraft of the First World War designed by the Sopwith Aviation Company which first flew in April 1918. It was a single-engined, single-seat biplane, based on the Sopwith Snipe fighter, with an armoured forward fuselage to protect the pilot and fuel system from ground fire during low level operations. It was ordered in large numbers for the Royal Air Force but the war ended before the type could enter squadron service, although two were in France in October 1918.

text:
# Sopwith Salamander

The **Sopwith TF.2 Salamander** was a British ground-attack aircraft of the First World War designed by the Sopwith Aviation Company which first flew in April 1918. It was a single-engined, single-seat biplane, based on the Sopwith Snipe fighter, with an armoured forward fuselage to protect the pilot and fuel system from ground fire during low level operations. It was ordered in large numbers for the Royal Air Force but the war ended before the type could enter squadron service, although two were in France in October 1918.

## Design and development

In August 1917, the British Royal Flying Corps (RFC) introduced the coordinated mass use of single-seat fighter aircraft for low-level ground-attack operations in support of the Third Battle of Ypres, with Airco DH.5s, which were unsuitable for high-altitude combat, specialising in this role. The tactic proved effective and was repeated at the Battle of Cambrai in November 1917 by DH.5s and Sopwith Camels being used in strafing attacks. While the tactic proved successful, losses of the unarmoured fighters proved to be extremely high, reaching up to 30 per cent per day. Most losses were due to ground fire, although low-flying aircraft also proved vulnerable to attacks from above by enemy fighters. Two-seat German fighters such as Halberstadt CL.II, originally designed as escort fighters, were also used for ground-attack, playing an important role in the German counter-offensive at Cambrai. While the CL-type fighters were not armoured, the Germans also introduced more specialised heavily armoured two-seat aircraft such as the Junkers J.I for contact patrol and ground-attack work.

As a result of the high losses sustained during strafing and after seeing the success of the new German types, the RFC instructed the Sopwith Aviation Company to modify a Camel for close air support, by fitting downward-firing guns and armour. The modified Camel, known as the "TF.1" (trench fighter 1), flew on 15 February 1918. Two Lewis guns were fixed to fire downwards and forwards at an angle of 45 degrees and a third gun was mounted on the upper wing. The downward-firing guns proved to be of little use, being almost impossible to aim. The TF.1 did not go into production but information gained in testing it was used for the Salamander design.

Work on a more advanced armoured fighter, conceived as an armoured version of the Sopwith Snipe, began early in 1918. The forward portion of the fuselage was a 605 lb (275 kg) box of armour plate, forming an integral part of the aircraft structure, protecting the pilot and fuel system, with a 0.315 in (8 mm) front plate, a 0.433 in (11 mm) bottom plate, 0.236 in (6 mm) side plates and rear armour consisting of an 11-gauge and 6-gauge plate separated by an air gap. The rear (unarmoured) section of the fuselage was a generally similar structure to the Snipe but flat sided, to match the forepart. The two-bay wings and tailplane were identical in form to those of the Snipe but were strengthened to cope with the extra weight, while the fin and rudder were identical to the Snipe. The new aircraft used the same Bentley BR2 rotary engine as the Snipe, covered by an unarmoured cowling – the foremost armour plate forming the firewall.

Originally an armament of three machine guns was planned, with two Lewis guns firing forwards and downwards through the cockpit floor as in the TF.1, and a forward firing Vickers machine gun. This was changed to a conventional battery of two synchronised Vickers guns in front of the cockpit, as on the Snipe, before the first prototype was complete. The guns were staggered, with the starboard gun mounted a few inches forward of the port one to give more room for ammunition. Four light bombs could also be carried.

The first prototype started flight tests at Brooklands aerodrome on 27 April 1918 and was sent to France for evaluation on 9 May. It was wrecked in a crash on 19 May while being flown by No. 65 Squadron when the pilot had to avoid a tender crossing the aerodrome responding to another crash. While the Salamander was generally considered promising in the ground-attack role, lateral control was recognised as poor. To rectify these problems, the Salamander underwent many of the same modifications to the tail and ailerons as the Snipe.

## Service history

Production was intended to be on a very large scale – an initial order for 500 aircraft was placed with Sopwith on 18 June, followed by additional orders with Wolseley Motors, the Air Navigation Co., Glendower Aircraft, Palladium Motors and the National Aircraft Factory No. 1. A total of 1,400 Salamanders were ordered. Production was slowed, however, by problems producing the armour plate, this being prone to distortion during the hardening process, and shortages of the BR.2 engine. By the end of October 1918 only 37 Salamanders were on RAF charge, and just two of these were in France. The first Salamander-equipped squadron, 157 Squadron, was due to fly out to France with 24 aircraft on 21 November, with more squadrons in the process of forming in the United Kingdom.

With the Armistice, the immediate need for a specialist close support aircraft evaporated, and 157 Squadron was quickly disbanded. Production continued for several months following the Armistice, with at least 497 completed. It was discovered postwar that 70 Salamanders had been fitted with Sopwith Snipe wings instead of the stronger wings of the Salamander, rendering the aircraft unsafe, while the armoured section was subject to spontaneous distortion, misaligning the airframe and again making the aircraft dangerous. The Salamander was used in trials of various patterns of disruptive camouflage in 1919, while some Salamanders were still in use at Heliopolis, Egypt in 1922. One example went to America, and was still in existence at McCook Field in 1926.

## Operators

United Kingdom

## Specifications (Sopwith TF.2 Salamander)

*Data from* British Aeroplanes 1914–18

**General characteristics**

* **Crew:** 1
* **Length:** 19 ft 6 in (5.94 m)
* **Wingspan:** 31 ft 2.6 in (9.51 m)
* **Height:** 9 ft 4 in (2.84 m)
* **Wing area:** 272 sq ft (25.3 m2)
* **Empty weight:** 1,844 lb (836 kg)
* **Gross weight:** 2,512 lb (1,139 kg)
* **Fuel capacity:** 29 imp gal (35 US gal; 132 L)
* **Powerplant:** 1 × Bentley BR2 9-cylinder air-cooled rotary piston engine, 230 hp (170 kW)
* **Propellers:** 2-bladed fixed-pitch propeller

**Performance**

* **Maximum speed:** 125 mph (201 km/h, 109 kn) at 500 ft (152 m)
* **Endurance:** 1 hour 30 minutes
* **Service ceiling:** 13,000 ft (4,000 m)
* **Time to altitude:**

* 6,500 ft (1,981 m) in 9 minutes 5 seconds
* 10,000 ft (3,048 m) in 17 minutes 5 seconds

**Armament**

**Related development**

**Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era**

**Related lists**

Notes Citations  1. Bruce *Air International* March 1979, p. 149.
2. Davis 1999, p. 147.
3. Gray and Thetford 1962, p. XV.
4. Gray and Thetford 1962, pp. xii–xiv.
5. Bruce *Air International* March 1979, pp. 151–153.
6. Davis 1999, pp. 147–148.
7. Bruce *Air International* April 1979, pp. 182–183.
8. Davis 1999, pp. 148–149.
9. Mason 1992, p. 135.
10. Bruce *Air International* April 1979, pp. 183–184.
11. Bruce 1969, pp. 45–46.
12. Bruce *Air International* April 1979, p. 185.
13. Bruce 1969, pp. 46, 48.
14. Davis 1999, p. 150.
15. Davis 1999, p. 151.
16. Bruce 1969, p. 50.
17. Bruce 1969, p. 49.
18. Davis 1999, pp. 151–152.
19. Davis 1999, p. 152.
20. Bruce *Air International* April 1979, p. 187.
21. Bruce *Air International* April 1979, pp. 188–189.
22. Bruce *Air International* April 1979, p. 190.
23. Halley 1980, p. 354.
24. Bruce 1957, p. 627.
25. Bruce *Air International* April 1979, p. 189.
Bibliography * Bruce, J.M. (1957). *British Aeroplanes 1914–18*. London: Putnam.
* Bruce, J.M. (March 1979). "The First British Armoured Brigade: Part 2". *Air International*. Vol. 16, no. 3. pp. 149–153.
* Bruce, J.M. (April 1979). "The First British Armoured Brigade: Part 3". *Air International*. Vol. 16, no. 4. pp. 182–190, 199–200.
* Bruce, J.M. (1969). *War Planes of the First World War: Volume Three Fighters*. London: Macdonald. ISBN 0-356-01490-8.
* Davis, Mick (1999). *Sopwith Aircraft*. Ramsbury, Malborough, UK: The Crowood Press. ISBN 1-86126-217-5.
* Gray, Peter; Thetford, Owen (1962). *German Aircraft of the First World War*. London: Putnam.
* Halley, James J. (1980). *The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force*. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air Britain (Historians). ISBN 0-85130-083-9.
* Mason, Francis K. (1992). *The British Fighter since 1912*. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-082-7.
* *Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War I*. New York, New York: Military Press. 1990. p. 87. ISBN 0-517-03376-3.

## InfoBox

| Sopwith TF.2 Salamander | |
| --- | --- |
| Salamander prototype at Brooklands | |
| General information | |
| Type | Ground attack |
| National origin | United Kingdom |
| Manufacturer | Sopwith |
| Primary user | Royal Air Force |
| Number built | 210 |
| History | |
| Manufactured | 19181919 |
| Introduction date | 1918 |
| First flight | 27 April 1918 |
| Developed from | Sopwith Snipe |


title: Hunt Music

abstract: Hunt Music is a compilation album by American rock musician Ted Nugent. The album did not see a large release but is still available on Internet sites. The second disc contains bonus tracks recorded by Ted Nugent. "I Just Wanna Go Hunting" had been unreleased.

text:
# Hunt Music

***Hunt Music*** is a compilation album by American rock musician Ted Nugent. The album did not see a large release but is still available on Internet sites. The second disc contains bonus tracks recorded by Ted Nugent. "I Just Wanna Go Hunting" had been unreleased.

## Track listing

### Disc 1

1. "Spirit of the Wild"
2. "Fred Bear Jam - Live Nugent"
3. "Sunrize" (instrumental)
4. "Tooth Fang & Claw"
5. "Fred Bear - The American Hunter's Theme Song"
6. "Earthtones"
7. "I Just Wanna Go Hunting"
8. "Sunrize" (narrated)
9. "KLSTRBK"
10. "My Bow & Arrow"
11. "Great White Buffalo"

* Rob Grange appears on "Great White Buffalo" and "Tooth, Fang and Claw"

### Disc 2

1. "Physics of Spirituality Part One"
2. "Physics of Spirituality Part Two"
3. "Hibernation"

## InfoBox

| Hunt Music | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Ted Nugent | |
| Released | 1 June 2004 |
| Genre | Rock |
| Label | Broadhead Music |
| Producer | Ted Nugent |
| Ted Nugent chronology | |
| *Craveman*
(2002) ***Hunt Music***
(2004) *Love Grenade*
(2007) | |


title: Hundred of Palmer

abstract: The Hundred of Palmer is a cadastral hundred of the County of Newcastle in South Australia. It is located near 32.35°S, 138.21°E east of the township of Quorn, and south of the former town of Willochra which, although surveyed in 1860, never properly developed and was abandoned during the drought in the 1860s. The traditional owners of the area are the Ngadjuri people. The first European explorer to the area was Thomas Burr in September 1842.

text:
# Hundred of Palmer

The **Hundred of Palmer** is a cadastral hundred of the County of Newcastle in South Australia. It is located near 32.35°S, 138.21°E east of the township of Quorn, and south of the former town of Willochra which, although surveyed in 1860, never properly developed and was abandoned during the drought in the 1860s.

The traditional owners of the area are the Ngadjuri people. The first European explorer to the area was Thomas Burr in September 1842.

## InfoBox

| Hundred of Palmer<br>South Australia | |
| --- | --- |
| Cadastral map of Hundred of Palmer, 1938 | |
| Hundred of Palmer | |
|  | |
| Coordinates | 32°21′S 138°13′E / 32.35°S 138.21°E / -32.35; 138.21 |
| Established | 1873 |
| Location | 18 km (11 mi) east of Quorn |
| **Lands administrative divisions around Hundred of Palmer:**  Hundred of Yarrah Hundred of Boolcunda   Hundred of Pichi Richi Hundred of Palmer Hundred of Moockra  Hundred of Woolundunga Hundred of Willochra Hundred of Coonatto | |
| Footnotes |  |


title: Hundred of Para Wirra

abstract: The Hundred of Para Wirra is a cadastral hundred of the County of Adelaide, South Australia, spanning a portion of the Adelaide Hills north of the Torrens Valley including Mount Crawford.

text:
# Hundred of Para Wirra

The **Hundred of Para Wirra** is a cadastral hundred of the County of Adelaide, South Australia, spanning a portion of the Adelaide Hills north of the Torrens Valley including Mount Crawford.

## Location

The hundred spans a large number of Adelaide Hills localities but is dominated by Kersbrook in the west and Mount Crawford in the east, with the Mount Gould Range forming a natural boundary between the two.

In the west of the hundred are the towns of Inglewood (most part) and localities of Humbug Scrub, Sampson Flat (most part), Millbrook (and Millbrook Reservoir) and Chain of Ponds (most part). Other towns and localities crossing the hundred boundary in the west include Yattalunga (eastern half), Lower Hermitage (east half) and Paracombe (eastern portion). Other towns and localities crossing the hundred boundary in the east include Forreston (north west portion), Cromer (northern half), Mount Pleasant, (north west portion) and Flaxman Valley (west portion).

## History

The hundred was proclaimed by Governor Frederick Robe in 1846 and named for an indigenous compound term meaning 'river forest' (compare: *Karra wirra-parri*).

The first local government within the hundred were the District Council of Para Wirra, seated at Kersbrook, and District Council of Mount Crawford. The councils were established on the same day in 1854 to administer, respectively, the western and eastern halves of the hundred, with the Mount Crawford council area extending into the neighbouring Hundred of Barossa and slightly east outside the County of Adelaide boundaries.

Para Wirra and Mount Crawford councils were both dissolved in 1935 and the hundred, from this time until 1997, was governed by the new District Council of Gumeracha.

In 1997, Gumeracha was amalgamated with East Torrens, Onkaparinga, and Stirling councils to form the much larger Adelaide Hills Council.

In 1962 the Para Wirra National Park was proclaimed in the northwest of the hundred. It was reconstituted as a recreation park in 1972, but was upgraded to Conservation Park status in 2015 and the recreation park status was abolished.

In 1966, the Warren Conservation Park was created in the middle of the hundred on the northern slopes of Mount Gould Range.

## InfoBox

| Para Wirra
South Australia | |
| --- | --- |
| Para Wirra | |
| Coordinates | 34°44′06″S 138°54′07″E / 34.735°S 138.902°E / -34.735; 138.902 |
| Established | 29 October 1846 |
| Area | 265 km2 (102.5 sq mi) |
| Region | Adelaide Hills |
| County | Adelaide |
| **Lands administrative divisions around Para Wirra:**  Munno Para Barossa Moorooroo  Yatala Para Wirra Jutland  Onkaparinga Talunga Talunga | |


title: Oscar Horstmann

abstract: Oscar Theodore Horstmann was a Major League Baseball pitcher who played with the St. Louis Cardinals from 1917 to 1919.

text:
# Oscar Horstmann

**Oscar Theodore Horstmann** (June 2, 1891 – May 11, 1977) was a Major League Baseball pitcher who played with the St. Louis Cardinals from 1917 to 1919.

## InfoBox

| Oscar Horstmann | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| **Pitcher** | |
| **Born:** (1891-06-02)June 2, 1891
Alma, Missouri | |
| **Died:** May 11, 1977(1977-05-11) (aged 85)
Salina, Kansas | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| April 18, 1917, for the St. Louis Cardinals | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| June 1, 1919, for the St. Louis Cardinals | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Win–loss record | 9–7 |
| Earned run average | 3.67 |
| Strikeout(s) | 61 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Parancistrus

abstract: Parancistrus is a small genus of suckermouth armored catfishes native to South America.

text:
# Parancistrus

***Parancistrus*** is a small genus of suckermouth armored catfishes native to South America.

## Taxonomy

Three species - *Hypostomus aurantiacus*, *H. nigricans* and *H. vicinus* \- were described by François Louis de la Porte, comte de Castelnau in 1855. *Parancistrus* was described by Pieter Bleeker in 1862 and *P. aurantiacus* designated as type. Later, *P. nigricans* and *P. vicinus* were deemed to be synonyms of *P. aurantiacus*, making *P. aurantiacus* the only species of *Parancistrus* until *P. nudiventris* was described in 2005.

## Species

There are currently two recognized species in this genus:

## Appearance and anatomy

*Parancistrus* is unique among loricariids due to the presence of fleshy folds on the naked area around the dorsal fin and at the pectoral fin points insertion in the breeding males. Breeding males also have elongated odontodes on their bodies and pectoral fin spines.

*Parancistrus* have stout bodies that are completely plated in adults. The dorsal fin membrane connects to the adipose fin spine. Their color is typically slate gray to black, occasionally with white streaks. They have large gill openings, which makes the genus different from all other loricariids except some *Pogonopoma* and *Rhinelepis*.

1. Armbruster, Jonathan W. "Parancistrus". Retrieved 2007-06-01.
2. Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus *Parancistrus*". *FishBase*. June 2007 version.
3. Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus *Parancistrus*". *FishBase*. December 2011 version.

## InfoBox

| *Parancistrus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Parancistrus aurantiacus* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Siluriformes |
| Family: | Loricariidae |
| Tribe: | Ancistrini |
| Genus: | *Parancistrus*
Bleeker, 1862 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Hypostomus aurantiacus*
Castelnau, 1855 | |
| Synonyms | |
| *Acanthodemus* Marschall, 1873 | |


title: Victoriano Arenas

abstract: Club Atlético Victoriano Arenas is an Argentine sports club located in the Avellaneda district of Greater Buenos Aires. The club is mostly known for its football team, which currently plays in Primera C Metropolitana, the regionalised 4th level of Argentine football league system. Victoriano Arenas was founded on January 2, 1928, taking its name from an estate agent in Valentín Alsina. Apart from football, other disciplines hosted by the club are artistic roller skating and judo.

text:
# Victoriano Arenas

**Club Atlético Victoriano Arenas** is an Argentine sports club located in the Avellaneda district of Greater Buenos Aires. The club is mostly known for its football team, which currently plays in Primera C Metropolitana, the regionalised 4th level of Argentine football league system. Victoriano Arenas was founded on January 2, 1928, taking its name from an estate agent in Valentín Alsina. Apart from football, other disciplines hosted by the club are artistic roller skating and judo.

## History

In 1998 an historical event happened at Victoriano Arenas stadium, when Florencia Romano became the first female referee being assigned to a professional men's football match.

Victoriano Arenas and Claypole played a match in 2011 where all 22 players on the pitch and a combination of 14 subs and coaches received red cards, for a total of 36. This is the most red cards ever issued in a senior level game.

## Team 2021

october 03 of 2021 Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  1 GK  ARG Lucas Véliz  MF  ARG Mauro Romay  MF  ARG Milton Castagna  FW  COL Eladio Ramos |
| --- |

## Titles

* **Primera D**
    + Champions (2): 1990–91, 2017–18

## InfoBox

Victoriano Arenas
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Club Atlético Victoriano Arenas |
| Nickname(s) | *Victoriano*
*Celeste* |
| Founded | January 2, 1928 (1928-01-02) |
| Ground | Estadio Saturnino Moure, Avellaneda
Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| Capacity | 1,500 |
| Chairman | Daniel Sganga |
| Manager | Sergio Geldstein |
| League | Primera C Metropolitana |
| 2017-18 |  |
| Website | Club website |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Peter Pringle

abstract: Peter Pringle is a Canadian musician and television personality, most prominent in the 1970s and 1980s.

text:
# Peter Pringle

**Peter Pringle** (born September 7, 1945) is a Canadian musician and television personality, most prominent in the 1970s and 1980s.

## Early career

Pringle began performing at age six in the children's choir of the Canadian Opera Company. He later studied a variety of classical instruments, including lute, sitar and surbahar, financing his studies by writing pop songs. Several of his songs were recorded by Anne Murray, for whom he also performed as a backing vocalist.

There have been occasional erroneous claims made in internet forums that Pringle's real name is David Murray, and that he is Anne Murray's brother. While Anne Murray did have a brother named David, he was a surgeon rather than a musician, and he died in 2021.

## Recording

Pringle moved to Los Angeles in 1975, and released his self-titled debut album the following year. He then moved to Montreal in 1980, and continued to record pop songs in both English and French. He is a two-time Juno Award nominee for Most Promising Male Vocalist, at the Juno Awards of 1978 and the Juno Awards of 1982.

In 1985, he participated in the recording of "Les Yeux de la faim", a French-language charity single for the 1983–85 famine in Ethiopia, alongside musicians such as René Simard, Nathalie Simard, André Gagnon, Yvon Deschamps, Gilles Vigneault, Nanette Workman and Patsy Gallant, and in 1986 he was one of the performers at Canada's first major benefit concert for HIV/AIDS, alongside Michel Louvain, Joe Bocan, Denny Christianson and Les Grands Ballets Canadiens.

In 1986, he garnered a Genie Award nomination for Best Original Song for "Cold As Ice", a song he co wrote with Kevin Hunter, for the soundtrack to the film *Toby McTeague*; a minor controversy resulted when the song was mistakenly omitted from the first round of ballots sent out to Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television voters, forcing the Academy to send out replacement ballots.

In this era, he was also a regular host of the Miss Teen Canada pageant, and hosted television variety specials for TVA.

Since 2007 he has gained recognition online for performing ancient epics and poems on his Youtube channel. He uses a wide variety of instruments from the lyre to the hurdy-gurdy and performs many of these poems in their original ancient languages. His recording of the initial verses of the Epic of Gilgamesh has 10.5 million views as of September 2024.

## Acting

In 1987, Pringle premiered a one-man theatrical show in which he portrayed Noël Coward, mixing a dramatic monologue with performances of Coward's songs. He toured the show across Canada several times over the next number of years, as well as creating and performing several other musical revue shows, including *From Irving Berlin to Gilles Vigneault*, a show based on the biblical *Song of Songs* and *New York-Paris, a Musical Voyage*. In 1994, he also appeared as Duncan in a production of Wendy Wasserstein's play *The Sisters Rosensweig*.

## Theremin

Pringle released a compilation album, *Comme j'étais - comme je suis!*, in 1996, and then retired from recording or performing pop music.

By 1998, Pringle began to reemerge as a theremin player. He has released two independent albums of theremin music, has performed on the instrument both in solo shows and with the Montreal Chamber Orchestra, and has released a number of YouTube videos of his performances of both classical and modern pieces on the instrument.

## Discography

* *Peter Pringle* (1976)
* *Rain Upon The Sea* (1981)
* *Magicien* (1981)
* *Fifth Avenue Blue* (1982)
* *Pour Une Femme* (1982)
* *Souris-Moi* (1984)
* *Fantasies* (1984)
* *Chansons d'amour (1984)*
* *Pauvre Casanova* (1985)
* *Noel Coward: A Portrait* (1987)
* *Le Jeu d'amour* (1991)
* *Le Secret du Cantique des Cantiques* (1992)
* *Comme j'étais - comme je suis!* (1996)
* *Many Voices* (2003)
* *A Theremin Jewel Box*
* *Dancing Alone* (2021)

## InfoBox

| Peter Pringle | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1945-09-07) September 7, 1945<br>Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada |
| Genres | pop, jazz, classical |
| Instrument(s) | vocals, piano, theremin, various string instruments |
| Years active | 1975–present |


title: Milíon (album)

abstract: Milíon is the debut studio album by American rapper Half a Mill. It was released on May 9, 2000, via Warlock Records. Production was handled by several record producers, including DJ Scratch, Just Blaze, Trackmasters and The Neptunes. It features guest appearances from Ali Vegas, AZ, Kool G Rap, Musolini, Nature, N.O.R.E. and Spice 1. The album peaked at number 91 on the Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart and sold 40,000 copies.

text:
# Milíon (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *RapReviews* |  |

***Milíon*** is the debut studio album by American rapper Half a Mill. It was released on May 9, 2000, via Warlock Records. Production was handled by several record producers, including DJ Scratch, Just Blaze, Trackmasters and The Neptunes. It features guest appearances from Ali Vegas, AZ, Kool G Rap, Musolini, Nature, N.O.R.E. and Spice 1. The album peaked at number 91 on the *Billboard* Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart and sold 40,000 copies.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Intro" |  | 0:32 |
| 2. | "Tuff Guy" (featuring Ali Vegas) | Mike "Punch" Harper | 4:27 |
| 3. | "What U Ridin" (featuring Nature) | Curt Gowdy | 5:27 |
| 4. | "New Millennium" | 40 and Beat Team | 4:13 |
| 5. | "Quiet Money" (featuring AZ) | Poke and Tone | 4:59 |
| 6. | "Don't Go Away" | DJ Scratch | 4:45 |
| 7. | "Where BK At" |  | 4:11 |
| 8. | "Fires in Hell" | Just Blaze | 3:56 |
| 9. | "Some Niggaz" | Norman Glover | 3:56 |
| 10. | "Thug Onez" (featuring Noreaga, Musalini and Kool G Rap) | The Neptunes | 4:22 |
| 11. | "Gimme Ya Luv" | * Half-A-Mill * Orande "Mr. Ryp" Stout | 4:05 |
| 12. | "Ghetto Girl" | Sha-Self | 3:57 |
| 13. | "Thug Luv" | Just Blaze | 5:19 |
| 14. | "Bounce" (featuring Spice 1) | Self Service | 4:02 |
| 15. | "Outro" |  | 0:38 |
| 16. | "Thuggest Enemy #1" | * DJ Ali * Half-A-Mill | 4:13 |
| Total length: | | | 1:07:03 |

## Charts

| Chart (2000) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (*Billboard*) | 91 |

## InfoBox

| Milíon | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Half a Mill | |
| Released | May 9, 2000 |
| Recorded | 1998–2000 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 67:03 |
| Label | Warlock Records |
| Producer |  |
| Half a Mill chronology | |
| ***Milíon***
(2000) *Da Hustle Don't Stop*
(2002) | |


title: William W. Venable

abstract:
William Webb Venable was a U.S. Representative from Mississippi. Born in Clinton, Mississippi, Venable moved with his parents to Memphis, Tennessee, returned to Clinton, Mississippi, in 1891.
He attended public and private schools.
He was graduated from Mississippi College at Clinton in 1898, from the University of Mississippi at Oxford in 1899, and from the law department of Cumberland University, Lebanon, Tennessee, in 1905.
He was admitted to the bar in 1905 and commenced practice in Meridian, Mississippi.
He served as prosecuting attorney of Lauderdale County from April to October 1910, when he was appointed district attorney.
He served in the latter capacity until January 1, 1915, when he resigned.
He served as judge of the tenth judicial district of Mississippi from 1915 until his resignation in December 1916. Venable was elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-fourth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Samuel A. Witherspoon.
He was reelected to the Sixty-fifth and Sixty-sixth Congresses and served from January 4, 1916, to March 3, 1921.
He was an unsuccessful for renomination.
Practiced law Clarksdale, Mississippi.
He died in New Orleans, Louisiana, August 2, 1948.
He was interred in Magnolia Cemetery, Meridian, Mississippi.

text:
# William W. Venable

**William Webb Venable** (September 25, 1880 – August 2, 1948) was a U.S. Representative from Mississippi.

Born in Clinton, Mississippi, Venable moved with his parents to Memphis, Tennessee, returned to Clinton, Mississippi, in 1891. He attended public and private schools. He was graduated from Mississippi College at Clinton in 1898, from the University of Mississippi at Oxford in 1899, and from the law department of Cumberland University, Lebanon, Tennessee, in 1905. He was admitted to the bar in 1905 and commenced practice in Meridian, Mississippi. He served as prosecuting attorney of Lauderdale County from April to October 1910, when he was appointed district attorney. He served in the latter capacity until January 1, 1915, when he resigned. He served as judge of the tenth judicial district of Mississippi from 1915 until his resignation in December 1916.

Venable was elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-fourth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Samuel A. Witherspoon. He was reelected to the Sixty-fifth and Sixty-sixth Congresses and served from January 4, 1916, to March 3, 1921. He was an unsuccessful for renomination. Practiced law Clarksdale, Mississippi. He died in New Orleans, Louisiana, August 2, 1948. He was interred in Magnolia Cemetery, Meridian, Mississippi.

* United States Congress. "William W. Venable (id: V000086)". *Biographical Directory of the United States Congress*.

This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

## InfoBox

| William W. Venable | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Mississippi's 5th district | |
| **In office**
January 4, 1916  March 3, 1921 | |
| Preceded by | Samuel A. Witherspoon |
| Succeeded by | Ross A. Collins |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | William Webb Venable
(1880-09-25)September 25, 1880
Clinton, Mississippi, U.S. |
| Died | August 2, 1948(1948-08-02) (aged 67)
New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S. |
| Resting place | Magnolia Cemetery, Meridian, Mississippi, U.S. |
| Alma mater | Mississippi College
University of Mississippi
Cumberland University |
| Profession | Politician, lawyer |
|  | |


title: Nerang–Murwillumbah Road

abstract: Nerang–Murwillumbah Road is a continuous 36.4 kilometres (22.6 mi) road route in the Gold Coast region of Queensland, Australia. The entire road is signed as State Route 97. Nerang–Murwillumbah Road is a state-controlled district road, rated as a local road of regional significance (LRRS).

text:
# Nerang–Murwillumbah Road

**Nerang–Murwillumbah Road** is a continuous 36.4 kilometres (22.6 mi) road route in the Gold Coast region of Queensland, Australia. The entire road is signed as State Route 97. Nerang–Murwillumbah Road (number 201) is a state-controlled district road, rated as a local road of regional significance (LRRS).

## Route Description

The Nerang–Murwillumbah Road commences at an intersection with Beaudesert–Nerang Road and Mount Nathan Road (State Route 90) in Nerang. The road runs south-west, passing the south-eastern tip of Mount Nathan and then that of Clagiraba, while following the north-western boundary of Advancetown. It passes the exit to Beechmont Road as it turns south into Advancetown, and soon passes the exit to Advancetown–Mudgeeraba Road (Latimers Crossing Road) (State Route 42). The road again turns south-west, passing through Advancetown village before reaching the north-western extremity of Advancetown Lake, the body of water retained by the Hinze Dam.

The road continues in a southerly direction, following the western shore of the lake, until it reaches the south-western extremity. Here it crosses the Nerang River and passes the exit to Gold Coast-Springbrook Road (Pine Creek Road). It follows the river generally south through Numinbah Valley to Natural Bridge, crossing it on two more occasions. It then leaves the river and follows a ridge line, climbing until it reaches the Queensland / New South Wales border, where it ends. The physical road continues into New South Wales as Numinbah Road (Tourist Drive 34).

Land use along the road is primarily rural, with much natural bushland.

## Road condition

Nerang–Murwillumbah Road is fully sealed. It has about 11.5 kilometres (7.1 mi) with an incline greater than 5%, about 7.9 kilometres (4.9 mi) greater than 10%, and about 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi)greater than 15%. The height above sea level at the border crossing is 405 metres (1,329 ft).

## History

The township of Nerang was surveyed in 1865. It became important to the surrounding district because it was the head of navigation on the Nerang River and the site of the first crossing for wheeled vehicles. From 1871 a Cobb & Co coach service ran from Brisbane, and river transport became more regular. The first industry to flourish was timber cutting, later followed by dairying and crop farming as tracts of native timber were cleared. The railway arrived in 1889.

Timber cutting began in Numinbah Valley soon after cedar was discovered there in 1845, and in the Advancetown area in the 1870s, with a saw mill established in 1881. Bullock teams hauled timber to Nerang for dispatch to customers, at first by ship and later by train. The village of Advancetown began as a rest stop for the bullock teams. In the 1860s surveyors mapping the Queensland / New South Wales border discovered a route from Numinbah Valley to the Tweed Valley in New South Wales. This, combined with the clearance of timber, led to settlers moving into the area.

The road first cut for bullock teams became a necessity for settlers, and improvements were made to support the operation of new farms.

## Upgrade

### Improve safety

A project to improve safety on the road, at a cost of $37.5 million, was under construction in November 2021.

## Intersecting state-controlled roads

This road intersects with the following state-controlled roads:

* Beechmont Road
* Advancetown–Mudgeeraba Road

### Beechmont Road

| Beechmont Road | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Nerang–Murwillumbah Road, Advancetown to Binna Burra Road, Beechmont |
| Length | 18.3 km (11.4 mi) |

Beechmont Road is a state-controlled district road (number 2020). It is rated as a local road of regional significance (LRRS). It runs from Nerang–Murwillumbah Road in Advancetown to Binna Burra Road in Beechmont, a distance of 18.3 kilometres (11.4 mi). This road has no major intersections.

### Advancetown–Mudgeeraba Road

| Advancetown–Mudgeeraba Road | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Nerang–Murwillumbah Road, Advancetown to Pacific Motorway, Mudgeeraba |
| Length | 13.0 km (8.1 mi) |
| Route number | 42 |

Advancetown–Mudgeeraba Road is a state-controlled district road (number 2041), rated as a local road of regional significance (LRRS). It is signed as State Route 42. The western end is named Latimers Crossing Road. The road runs from Nerang–Murwillumbah Road in Advancetown to the Pacific Motorway in Mudgeeraba, a distance of 13.0 kilometres (8.1 mi). This road intersects with Hinze Dam Road in Gilston.

## Associated state-controlled roads

The following state-controlled roads are associated with the intersecting roads described above:

* Binna Burra Road
* Hinze Dam Road

### Binna Burra Road

| Binna Burra Road | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Beechmont Road, Beechmont to Binna Burra Road, Binna Burra |
| Length | 10.7 km (6.6 mi) |

Binna Burra Road is a state-controlled district road (number 2021), rated as a local road of regional significance (LRRS). It runs from Beechmont Road in Beechmont to the end of Binna Burra Road in Binna Burra, a distance of 10.7 kilometres (6.6 mi). This road has no major intersections.

A project to repair extensive bushfire damage to Binna Burra Road was completed in November 2020.

### Hinze Dam Road

| Hinze Dam Road | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Advancetown–Mudgeeraba Road, Gilston to Spillway Road, Advancetown |
| Length | 3.3 km (2.1 mi) |

Hinze Dam Road is a state-controlled district road (number 2107), rated as a local road of regional significance (LRRS). It runs from Advancetown–Mudgeeraba Road in Gilston to the Spillway Road in Advancetown, a distance of 3.3 kilometres (2.1 mi). This road has no major intersections.

## Major intersections

All distances are from Google Maps. The entire route is in the Gold Coast local government area.

| Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Nerang / Mount Nathan midpoint | 0 | 0.0 | Beaudesert–Nerang Road (State Route 90) – north–east – Nerang
Mount Nathan Road – north–west – Mount Nathan | Northern end of Nerang–Murwillumbah Road.
Road runs south–west as State Route 97. |
| Advancetown / Clagiraba midpoint | 2.9 | 1.8 | Beechmont Road – south–west – Beechmont |  |
| Advancetown | 4.2 | 2.6 | Latimers Crossing Road (part of Advancetown–Mudgeeraba Road) (State Route 42) – south-east – Mudgeeraba |  |
| Numinbah Valley | 17.9 | 11.1 | Pine Creek Road (part of Gold Coast–Springbrook Road) – north–east, then south–east – Springbrook |  |
| Natural Bridge / Numinbah, New South Wales midpoint | 36.4 | 22.6 | Numinbah Road (NSW Tourist Drive 34) – south – Murwillumbah, New South Wales | Southern end of Nerang–Murwillumbah Road (State Route 97).
Physical road continues into New South Wales as Numinbah Road (Tourist Drive 34). |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Nerang–Murwillumbah Road
Queensland | |
| --- | --- |
| General information | |
| Type | Rural road |
| Length | 36.4 km (23 mi) |
| Route number(s) | * State Route 97 (Nerang – Natural Bridge) |
| Major junctions | |
| North end | Beaudesert–Nerang Road (State Route 90) Nerang
Mount Nathan Road (State Route 90) Nerang |
|  | * Beechmont Road * Latimers Crossing Road (State Route 42) * Pine Creek Road |
| South end | Numinbah Road (NSW Tourist Drive 34) Numinbah, New South Wales |
| Location(s) | |
| Major settlements | Advancetown, Numinbah Valley |


title: Neranjan Wijeyeratne

abstract: Neranjan Priyadarshana Dullewe Wijeyeratne is a Sri Lankan. He served as 18th Diyawadana Nilame of the Sri Dalada Maligawa, Kandy for 20 years from 1985 to 2005. Wijeyeratne was former United National Party politician and ex chief organiser for the Galagedara Electorate in Kandy District and former Leader of the Opposition in the Kandy Municipal Council.

text:
# Neranjan Wijeyeratne

**Neranjan Priyadarshana Dullewe Wijeyeratne** (Sinhala: නෙරංජන් ප්‍රියදර්ශන දූල්ලෑව විජයරත්න) (born 9 August 1956) (known as *Neranjan Wijeyeratne*) is a Sri Lankan. He served as 18th Diyawadana Nilame (chief lay custodian) of the Sri Dalada Maligawa, Kandy for 20 years from 1985 to 2005. Wijeyeratne was former United National Party politician and ex chief organiser for the Galagedara Electorate in Kandy District and former Leader of the Opposition in the Kandy Municipal Council.

## Early life

Born to Nissanka Wijeyeratne and Nita Dullewe Wijeyeratne, he is the eldest of three brothers and a sister. They are Mano, Anuradha, Lankesh and Nishangani. His father Nissanka Wijeyeratne and grandfather Sir Edwin Wijeyeratne were prominent politicians who had become cabinet ministers and his brothers Mano was a Non-Cabinet Minister of Enterprise Development and Plantation Services and Anuradha is a former provincial councillor and had been the acting Diyawadana Nilame on several occasions. Neranjan Wijeyeratne was educated at Royal College, Colombo.

## Diyawadana Nilame

Following his father's footsteps, he was elected Diyawadana Nilame (chief lay custodian) of the Sri Dalada Maligawa, Kandy in March 1985 and served for a total of 20 years, until 2005, being re-elected once again in May 1995. Prior to being named the Diyawadana Nilame he served a term of five years as Basnayake Nilame (lay custodian) of Lankathilaka Maha Vishnu devalaya, Kandy. He was noted for his ability when the temple was restored following the LTTE bombing in 1998. He was also responsible for the construction of the famous 'golden fence' around Sri Dalada maligawa. He set up the Dalada Museum, which houses a historic collection of artifacts related to the Temple of the Tooth and Buddhism in Sri Lanka. The 'Temple of the Tooth Special Development Fund and Sri Dalada Maligawa Buddhist Welfare Fund was set up by him. Meanwhile, the Pallekale Sri Lanka International Buddhist Academy (Thai Sri Lanka International Buddhist Institution) with a modern conference hall that can accommodate up to 1000 guests was established by Neranjan Wijeyeratne while he was Diyawadana Nilame. During his tenure, he maintained close links with Japanese, Chinese, Thai and Myanmar religious dignitaries and played a major role in promoting Sri Lanka's Buddhist heritage.

## Politics

After stepping down as Diyawadana Nilame following his second term, he went into active politics.

## Family

He is married to Devika Mediwake, daughter of Dr Laxminath and Chintha Mediwake, and granddaughter of William Gopallawa (first president of Sri Lanka) and has two children, a daughter Mokshana Nerandika Wijeyeratne (Senior environmental specialist, The World Bank (Colombo office, Sri Lanka). and a son, Navindra Wijeyeratne (BS, MS and PhD from University of Central Florida, Florida, US), who is an assistant professor at Florida Polytechnic University, Florida, US.

Sources

## InfoBox

| Neranjan Wijeyeratne
නෙරංජන් විජයරත්න | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 18th Diyawadana Nilame of the Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic | |
| **In office**
1985–2005 | |
| Preceded by | Nissanka Wijeyeratne |
| Succeeded by | Pradeep Nilanga Dela |
| Basnayake Nilame of Lankathilaka Maha Vishnu Devalaya | |
| **In office**
1981–1985 | |
| Leader of the Opposition in the Kandy Municipal Council | |
| **In office**
2011–2015 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1956-08-09) 9 August 1956
Kandy, Sri Lanka |
| Political party | United National Party |
| Spouse(s) | Devika Wijeyeratne
(*née* Mediwake) |
| Children | Mokshana and Navindra |
| Parent(s) | Nissanka Wijeyeratne
(father)
Nita Wijeyeratne
(*née* Dullewe)
(mother) |
| Residence(s) | Meeduma Walauwa,
Rambukkana, Sri Lanka. |
| Alma mater | Royal College, Colombo |
|  | |


title: Neelam Verma

abstract: Neelam Verma is a Canadian TV host, advocate and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Canada 2002 and represented her country at Miss Universe 2002 where she placed Top 10 in Puerto Rico.

text:
# Neelam Verma

**Neelam Verma** is a Canadian TV host, advocate and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Canada 2002 and represented her country at Miss Universe 2002 where she placed Top 10 in Puerto Rico.

## Biography

Verma is the founder of Integrity Dating. She is an international speaker, TV presenter, and former Miss Canada and Miss Universe finalist. She has been featured in the media and as a speaker and expert on Mindvalley. Verma teaches courses and has events to help people be more intentional in dating. Neelam worked as a TV presenter for media networks including CNN, ESPN, Discovery Channel, Rogers Media, TRT World, and Quebecor. She won the Miss Canada title and was a finalist at the Miss Universe pageant, the first woman of Indian origin to represent the country. She graduated from York University's Schulich School of Business, and worked for Procter and Gamble and Fortune 500 companies before working in media.

## Career

### Entrepreneur

Verma is an entrepreneur and founder of Integrity Dating. She launched her company in 2020 to create a global movement in conscious dating. She teaches online courses and has global events that help people create meaningful relationships. She is an international Speaker and Conscious Dating Pioneer.

### Television

Verma worked as a broadcast journalist and TV host for morning shows, news, entertainment and lifestyle shows in Canada, USA, India and the Middle East. She has interviewed celebrities, CEOs, New York Times authors, athletes and spiritual leaders. She trained with CNN International.

She has worked with TRT World in Istanbul as a presenter, ESPN as a host for "Premier Futsal" in India, on Discover Channel as a host on "Daily Planet", on Sun News Network as a morning show host on "First Look With Neelam Verma", and with Rogers Media in Canada as an entertainment anchor for *Bollywood Boulevard*. She has also been a speaker and presenter for the United Nations, Miss Canada Pageant, Mindvalley, and the IFFA Awards.

### Miss Universe

Verma won the Miss Universe Canada competition in 2002, becoming the first woman of Indian heritage to win the title. She represented Canada at the Miss Universe pageant in San Juan, Puerto Rico, and was in the top 10 as a finalist. She hosted the Miss Universe Canada Pageant and was on the judging panel.

## InfoBox

| Neelam Verma | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Montreal, Quebec, Canada |
| Occupation(s) | Entrepreneur, TV host |
| **Beauty pageant titleholder** | |
| Title | Miss Canada 2002 |
| Major
competition(s) | Miss Canada 2002
(Winner)
Miss Universe 2002
(Top-10 finalist) |
|  | |
| Website | www.integritydating.com |


title: Neue Rundschau

abstract: The Neue Rundschau, formerly Die neue Rundschau, founded in 1890, is a quarterly German literary magazine that appears in the S. Fischer Verlag. With its over 100 years of continuous history, it is one of the oldest cultural publications in Europe.

text:
# Neue Rundschau

The ***Neue Rundschau***, formerly ***Die neue Rundschau*** (German: \[diː ˈnɔʏ.ə ˈʁʊntˌʃaʊ\]), founded in 1890, is a quarterly German literary magazine that appears in the S. Fischer Verlag. With its over 100 years of continuous history, it is one of the oldest cultural publications in Europe.

## History

The theater critic Otto Brahm and the publisher Samuel Fischer founded the magazine in 1890 as *Freie Bühne für modernes Leben* (Free Stage for Modern Life). They wanted to provide a weekly platform for new development in art such as naturalism. In practice, the journal was not limited to one art form. The weekly also addressed topics about theatre. In 1892, it was renamed to an art form. After discussions about the artistic focus of the magazine, it was renamed for the first time in *Freie Bühne für den Entwickelungskampf der Zeit* (Free Stage for the Struggle for Development of the Time), shifting to more popular content and to monthly publication. Otto Julius Bierbaum took over as editor of the magazine in 1893 and named it *Neue Deutsche Rundschau*. Due to differences with Samuel Fischer he gave up the post after four months.

From 1894 to 1922, Oskar Bie was the editor. In 1904 he succeeded in renaming it *Die neue Rundschau*. The magazine became one of the most important forums for modern literature and essay writing in the German Empire and the Weimar Republic. Due to the link to the S. Fischer-Verlag, the publisher's major writers were able to publish their works in first prints. Alfred Kerr and Robert Musil were among the reviewers. From 1919 to 1921, Alfred Döblin wrote for the magazine under the pen-name Linke Poot ("Left Paw").

Bie was succeeded by Rudolf Kayser and in 1932 by Peter Suhrkamp. Under the Nazis, the magazine was banned in late 1944. Gottfried Bermann-Fischer re-established it in 1945 in exile in Stockholm.

*Neue Rundschau* is based in Berlin and is published on a quarterly basis.

## Content

Each issue of the quarterly has a thematic focus, to which writers, scientists and philosophers contribute. Furthermore, national and international writers are discussed, also the translations of literary texts.

## First prints of literature

The magazine published several first works of literature; authors included Rainer Maria Rilke and Arthur Schnitzler. Thomas Mann's short story "Der kleine Herr Friedemann" was published in 1896. The 1904 title shows Gerhart Hauptmann's "Das Hirtenlied", Wilhelm Boelsche's "Zukunft der Menschheit", the novel *Kreuzungen* by Emil Strauß, Ellen Key's "Über Liebe und Ehe", Mann's "Ein Glück", Alfred Kerr's "Neue Schauspielkunst" and Richard Dehmel's "Der kleine Held". Hermann Hesse's "Kinderseele" was first printed in 1919. Musil wanted to publish Franz Kafka's "The Metamorphosis" in 1914 which was considered too long, but Kafka's story "A Hunger Artist" appeared in 1922.

## Literature

* *Freie Bühne für modernes Leben* (Repr. Krauss, Nendeln Liecht., also Mikrofichausgabe) (in German). Berlin: S. Fischer. January 1890 – February 1891. ISSN 0932-2523.
* *Freie Bühne für den Entwickelungskampf der Zeit* (in German), Berlin: S. Fischer, ISSN 0932-2515
* *Neue deutsche Rundschau (Freie Bühne)* (in German), Berlin: S. Fischer, ISSN 0932-2507
* *Neue Rundschau* (in German), Frankfurt am Main: S. Fischer, ISSN 0028-3347
* Wolfgang Grothe, Historische Kommission des Börsenvereins des Deutschen Buchhandels (ed.), "Die Neue Rundschau des Verlages S. Fischer", *Archiv für Geschichte des Buchwesens* (in German), no. 4.1961/63, München: Saur, col.  809–995, ISSN 0066-6327
* Wilhelm Bölsche (2010), Gerd-Hermann Susen (ed.), *Briefwechsel. Mit Autoren der Freien Bühne* (in German), vol. Werke und Briefe. Wissenschaftliche Ausgabe. Werke. Briefe I, Berlin: Weidler, ISBN 978-3-89693-266-2
* Oliver Pfohlmann; Dörte Hartung, *Freie Bühne: Neue Rundschau (1890 bis heute)* (in German)

## InfoBox

*Neue Rundschau*
| 1904 edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Categories | Literary |
| Frequency | Quarterly |
| Publisher | S. Fischer Verlag |
| Founder | Otto Brahm
Samuel Fischer |
| Founded | 1890 (as *Freie Bühne für modernes Leben*, Free Stage for Modern Life)
1945 restarted in Stockholm (banned 1944 in Nazi Germany) |
| Country | Germany |
| Based in | Berlin |
| Language | German |