title: Luiz Gonzaga Dam

abstract: The Luiz Gonzaga Dam, formerly known as the Itaparica Dam, is a rock-fill embankment dam on the São Francisco River 25 kilometres (16 mi) downstream of Petrolândia in Pernambuco, Brazil. The dam was built for navigation, and hydroelectric power generation as it supports a 1,479 megawatts (1,983,000 hp) power station. It was constructed between 1979 and 1988; the last of its generators was commissioned in 1990. The dam is owned and operated by CHESF and was renamed in honor of Luiz Gonzaga, known as the "king of Baião" and "Gonzagão"

text:
# Luiz Gonzaga Dam

The **Luiz Gonzaga Dam**, formerly known as the **Itaparica Dam**, is a rock-fill embankment dam on the São Francisco River 25 kilometres (16 mi) downstream of Petrolândia in Pernambuco, Brazil. The dam was built for navigation, and hydroelectric power generation as it supports a 1,479 megawatts (1,983,000 hp) power station. It was constructed between 1979 and 1988; the last of its generators was commissioned in 1990.

The dam is owned and operated by CHESF and was renamed in honor of Luiz Gonzaga, known as the "king of Baião" and "Gonzagão"

## Dam

The Luiz Gonzaga Dam is a 4,700-metre (15,400 ft) long and 105-metre (344 ft) high rock and earth-fill embankment dam. The contains a 720-metre (2,360 ft) concrete section that supports the power plants and spillway of which contains nine floodgates. The maximum level of the reservoir is 305.4 metres (1,002 ft) above sea level while the dam reaches a maximum height of 308.1 metres (1,011 ft).

## Power plant

The dam supports a 310-metre (1,020 ft) long and 54.6-metre (179 ft) wide hydroelectric power station. The station contains six SíncronoVertical Francis turbines within generators that have an installed capacity of 246.6 megawatts (330,700 hp) each, totaling 1,479 MW. The first generator was commissioned on June 13, 1988, another later that year, three more were commissioned in 1989 and the final generator went online on February 13, 1990. Three of the generators were manufactured by Gie and the other three along with three of the turbines by Siemens. Voith manufactured the three remaining turbines.

## Involuntary relocation controversy

Before construction on the dam began in July 1979, the involuntary relocation of 40,000 people - 10,000 from urban and 30,000 from rural areas, mostly indigenous Tuxá - from the future reservoir area began. Those being relocated protested the dam and formed Polosindical because of farmland loss, subsequent unemployment and hunger along with previous relocation difficulties associated with the upstream Sobradinho Dam in the 1970s. In 1986, CHESF, the builders of the dam, agreed to construct irrigation facilities. The World Bank had described CHESF's relocation plan as flawed and financed a $500 million resettlement program if certain criteria were met. The World Bank estimates that each family will cost $60,000 and the construction of irrigation facilities is slowly progressing.

## InfoBox

| Luiz Gonzaga Dam | |
| --- | --- |
| NASA image of Luiz Gonzaga (Itaparica) Reservoir in 2001, dam at bottom left | |
| Location of Luiz Gonzaga Dam in Brazil | |
| Official name | Hidroelétrica de Luiz Gonzaga |
| Location | Petrolândia, Pernambuco, Brazil |
| Coordinates | 9°8′38″S 38°18′48″W / 9.14389°S 38.31333°W / -9.14389; -38.31333 |
| Construction began | 1979 |
| Opening date | 1988 |
| Owner(s) | CHESF |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Type of dam | Embankment, earth and rock-fill |
| Impounds | São Francisco River |
| Height | 105 m (344 ft) |
| Length | 4,700 m (15,400 ft) |
| Width (crest) | 10 m (33 ft) |
| Spillway type | Service, gate-controlled |
| Reservoir | |
| Creates | Luiz Gonzaga Reservoir |
| Total capacity | 10.7 km3 (8,700,000 acre⋅ft) |
| Catchment area | 630,000 km2 (240,000 sq mi) |
| Surface area | 830 km2 (320 sq mi) |
| Power Station | |
| Commission date | 1988-1990 |
| Turbines | 6 x 246.6 MW (330,700 hp) Francis turbines |
| Installed capacity | 1,479 MW (1,983,000 hp) MW |


title: Tshekedi Khama II

abstract:
Tshekedi Stanford Khama is a Botswana politician. He was MP for Serowe West from 2008 to 21 April 2023.
He was automatically disqualified from the National Assembly after missing two consecutive sessions because of his self-imposed exile to South Africa.

text:
# Tshekedi Khama II

**Tshekedi Stanford Khama** (born 9 June 1958) is a Botswana politician. He was MP for Serowe West from 2008 to 21 April 2023. He was automatically disqualified from the National Assembly after missing two consecutive sessions because of his self-imposed exile to South Africa.

## Biography

Khama is one of four children of the first President of Botswana, Seretse Khama and Ruth Williams Khama, and is the brother of former president Ian Khama.

### Political career

Khama was elected to the National Assembly in Serowe North West in a 2008 by-election as a Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) member. He was subsequently re-elected in 2009 and 2014. From 2012 until 2018 he was Minister of Environment, Conservation, Natural Resources and Tourism. In 2018, President Mokgweetsi Masisi made him Minister of Youth Empowerment, Sports and Culture Development.

Prior to the 2019 general elections, he left the BDP to join the new Botswana Patriotic Front (BPF), and was one of three BPF candidates elected.

## InfoBox

| Tshekedi Khama II | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Minister of Environment, Conservation, Natural Resources and Tourism | |
| **In office**
2012–2018 | |
| President | Ian Khama
Mokgweetsi Masisi |
| Preceded by | Kitso Mokaila |
| Minister of Youth Empowerment, Sports and Culture Development | |
| **In office**
2018–2019 | |
| President | Mokgweetsi Masisi |
| Preceded by | Thapelo Olopeng |
| Member of Parliament for
Serowe West | |
| **In office**
28 July 2008  21 April 2023 | |
| Preceded by | Ian Khama |
| Succeeded by | Onalepelo Kedikilwe |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Tshekedi Stanford Khama
(1958-06-09) 9 June 1958
Serowe, Bechuanaland |
| Nationality | Botswana |
| Political party | Botswana Democratic Party (2008–2019)
Botswana Patriotic Front (2019–) |
| Spouse | Thea Khama |
| Children | Tahlia Khama Kaedi Khama |
| Parent(s) | Seretse Khama
Ruth Williams Khama |
| Relatives | Jacqueline Khama Ian Khama (brother)
Anthony Khama |
| Alma mater | Institute of Development Management (Diploma) |
|  | |


title: Tshogdu

abstract: The Tshogdu was the unicameral legislature of Bhutan until 31 July 2007. The legislature had a total of 150 members. Dasho Ugen Dorje was the last President of the Tshogdu, with Nima Tshering the Secretary-General. It was replaced by the bicameral Parliament of Bhutan.

text:
# Tshogdu

The **Tshogdu** (Dzongkha: ཚོགས་འདུ་; Wylie: *tshogs-'du*; "(Bhutanese Grand National) Assembly") was the unicameral legislature of Bhutan until 31 July 2007. The legislature had a total of 150 members. Dasho Ugen Dorje was the last President of the Tshogdu, with Nima Tshering the Secretary-General. It was replaced by the bicameral Parliament of Bhutan.

## Composition

The Tshogdu was originally composed of locally elected town representatives, religious representatives, and members nominated by the king, all of whom served a three-year term. At the time of its dissolution, there were 4 female and 146 male members.

Summary of the composition of the Bhutan Tshogdu
| Appointment method | Seats |
| --- | --- |
| Members elected from village constituencies | 106 |
| Royally appointed members | 10 |
| Representatives of monk Body | 10 |
| Government appointed members | 24 |
| **Total** | **150** |


title: Ludovisi (rione of Rome)

abstract: Ludovisi is the 16th rione of Rome, Italy, identified by the initials R. XVI and located within the Municipio I. Its coat of arms depicts three golden bands and a golden dragon on a red background. It is the coat of arms of the noble Ludovisi family, which here owned the beautiful villa bearing the same name. The villa and the surrounding gardens, except for a single building, the Villa Aurora, were destroyed at the end of the 19th century to build the new district.

text:
# Ludovisi (rione of Rome)

**Ludovisi** (Italian: \[ludoˈviːzi\]) is the 16th *rione* of Rome, Italy, identified by the initials **R. XVI** and located within the Municipio I.

Its coat of arms depicts three golden bands and a golden dragon on a red background. It is the coat of arms of the noble Ludovisi family, which here owned the beautiful villa bearing the same name. The villa and the surrounding gardens, except for a single building, the Villa Aurora, were destroyed at the end of the 19th century to build the new district.

## History

The *rione* was born after the unification of Italy (such as San Saba, Testaccio and Prati), from the convention, signed in 1886, between the Boncompagni (heirs of the Ludovisi) and the Municipality of Rome. With this act, the Lords of Piombino assigned to the housing development the area of Villa Ludovisi: about 25 hectares of park between the walls and the historical *rioni* of Trevi and Colonna, which between the 17th and 19th centuries had extended eastward up to Porta Salaria (the present Piazza Fiume).

This housing development, its events, its protagonists, can be considered an exemplary episode of the growth imparted by the Savoys to the new capital; a growth based on speculative construction that attracted businessmen from around Europe and, in the space of not even twenty-five years, led the city from the breach of Porta Pia to the economic crisis of the latter 1880s, to the Banca Romana scandal.

The technical and financial arm of the operation (uselessly deprecated by the European intellectuals of the time as an unforgivable ugliness) was the Società Generale Immobiliare, established in Turin in 1862, which followed the movements of the capitals of the Savoy kingdom moving its headquarters first in Florence (in 1862) and then finally in Rome in 1880; here it became, for a century, the great protagonist of the Roman building speculation.

The project for the development of the *rione* can be dated back to 1870, when Rome became the new Italian capital: it is no coincidence that Prince Ignazio Boncompagni of Piombino had been one of the 18 members of the temporary city council (6 nobles, 4 bourgeois and 8 landowners and merchants of the countryside ) that, among its first acts, had established a Commission of architects and engineers to select the projects «*for the construction of new neighbourhoods in that part* \[of the city\] *that is best suited to the new building*». The concerned part was the high one, between the Esquiline and the Pincian hill, already identified for its proximity to Termini, where several entrepreneurs from Northern Italy and abroad had already started to built.

Between projects, opinions and debates, the first master plan of the urban development of the "third Rome", signed by Alessandro Viviani, was launched in 1873, thus legitimising the 7 agreements with the Municipality of Rome for the construction of new neighbourhoods that had already been ratified "regardless".

More than 10 years passed, during which both the new properties and the prices of the building areas went on growing, before an official and binding master plan was launched in 1883, based on a law of 1881. Although the latter Viviani master plan provided for the intangibility of Villa Ludovisi, the aristocracy of the town also wished to participate in the game; so it was that the prince in title at the time, Rodolfo Boncompagni Ludovisi, in 1886 signed an agreement with the Municipality and with the Società Generale Immobiliare for the urbanisation, the allotment and the «*building of a neighbourhood of private dwellings in the Villa formerly Ludovisi*».

The deal was however concluded on the eve of the crisis, which involved the Prince of Piombino and brought the Immobiliare on the verge of bankruptcy which was avoided in 1898 thanks to an arrangement with the creditors.

After the acute phase of the crisis was over, the housing development found new vitality: elegant buildings had already been built on Via di Porta Pinciana, in 1890 the Palazzo Margherita had been completed, in 1905 Villa Maraini, the Hotel Flora and the Hotel Excelsior arose and in 1906 Via Vittorio Veneto, the thoroughfare of the *rione*, was completed. Another season of intense construction took place between 1925 and 1935, with the Hotel Ambasciatori, the INA building and the headquarters of the Ministry of Economic Development (born as Chamber of Fasces and Corporations).

## Geography

The *rione* borders with:

### Coat or arms

*Gules, three golden bands withdrawn in the head and a gold dragon cut at the tip* (coat of arms of the Boncompagni-Ludovisi) family.

## Places of interest

### Palaces and other buildings

Seat of the Embassy of the United States of America. * Palazzo Piacentini, on Via Vittorio Veneto at the corner of Via Molise. S

seat of the Ministry of Economic Development.

### Religious buildings

### School buildings

* Liceo scientifico statale Augusto Righi, on Via Campania.
* Liceo ginnasio Torquato Tasso, on Via Sicilia.
* Secondary public school Michelangelo Buonarroti, on Via Puglie.
* Primary school Regina Elena, on Via Puglie.

### Gates

### Fountains

## Bibliography

41°54′26″N 12°29′27″E / 41.907164°N 12.490854°E / 41.907164; 12.490854

## InfoBox

| R. XVI Ludovisi | |
| --- | --- |
| *Rione* of Rome | |
| Via Veneto | |
|  | |
| Position of the *rione* within the center of the city | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Lazio |
| Province | Rome |
| Comune | Rome |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.1255 sq mi (0.3251 km2) |
| Density | 12,840/sq mi (4,958/km2) |
|  |  |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Tsuboigawa-kōen Station

abstract: Tsuboigawa-kōen Station Tsuboigawa-kōen Station is a passenger railway station located in the Kita-ku ward of the city of Kumamoto, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the private transportation company Kumamoto Electric Railway.

text:
# Tsuboigawa-kōen Station

**Tsuboigawa-kōen Station** (坪井川公園駅, *Tsuboigawa-kōen-eki*) is a passenger railway station located in the Kita-ku ward of the city of Kumamoto, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the private transportation company Kumamoto Electric Railway.

## Lines

The station is served by the Kikuchi Line and is located 2.6 bsp;km from the starting point of the line at Kami-Kumamoto.Only local trains serve the station

## Layout

Tsuboigawa-kōen Station is a ground-level station with one side platform. There is no station building and the station is unattended.

## History

The station was opened on 9 January 1995

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2018 the station was used by an average of 192 passengers daily.

## Surrounding area

* Japan National Route 3
* Tsuboigawa Flood Control Park (Tsuboigawa Green Space)
* Tsuboi Central Park
* Inariyama Kofun (Prefecturally Designated Historic Site)

Media related to Tsuboigawa-kōen Station at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Tsuboigawa-kōen Station
坪井川公園駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| Tsuboigawa-kōen Station platform | |
| General information | |
| Location | 6-chōme-26 Tsuboi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto-shi, Kumamoto-ken, 860-0863
Japan |
| Coordinates | 32°49′17″N 130°43′07″E / 32.8214°N 130.7185°E / 32.8214; 130.7185 |
| Operated by | Kumamoto Electric Railway |
| Line(s) | Kikuchi Line |
| Distance | 2.6 km from Kami-Kumamoto |
| Platforms | 1 side platform |
| Other information | |
| Station code | KD05 |
| History | |
| Opened | 9 January 1995 (1995-01-09) |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| FY2018 | 192 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Kumamoto Electric Railway Following station  Uchigoshitowards Kami-Kumamoto  Kikuchi Line  Kita-Kumamototowards Miyoshi | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Tsuboigawa-kōen Station StationLocation within Kumamoto PrefectureTsuboigawa-kōen Station StationTsuboigawa-kōen Station Station (Japan) | |


title: Trucost

abstract: Trucost is a company which makes estimates about the hidden costs of unsustainable use of natural resources by companies. Trucost was founded in 2000 and has its head office in London. For the United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative Trucost estimated the cost of environmental damage by the world's 3000 largest publicly listed companies in 2008 US$ 2.15 trillion. S&P Dow Jones Indices acquired 1 October 2016 a controlling stake in Trucost.

text:
# Trucost

**Trucost** is a company which makes estimates about the hidden costs of unsustainable use of natural resources by companies. Trucost was founded in 2000 and has its head office in London. For the United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI) Trucost estimated the cost of environmental damage by the world's 3000 largest publicly listed companies in 2008 US$ 2.15 trillion.

S&P Dow Jones Indices acquired 1 October 2016 a controlling stake in Trucost.

## Sources


title: Luke Simpkin

abstract:
Luke Simpkin is a British light heavyweight boxer based in Swadlincote, Derbyshire, England. His record stands at 11 wins, 32 losses and 3 draws after 46 bouts. Simpkin competed in the "Prizefighter" competition in Newcastle-upon-Tyne on 12 September 2008. Defeating Dave Ferguson in the opening round, Simpkin went on to fight Sam Sexton.
Sexton subsequently took Simpkin out of contention winning the match by unanimous decision and continued on to win the competition.

text:
# Luke Simpkin

**Luke Simpkin** (born 5 May 1979 in Derby) is a British light heavyweight boxer based in Swadlincote, Derbyshire, England. His record stands at 11 wins, 32 losses and 3 draws after 46 bouts.

Simpkin competed in the "Prizefighter" competition in Newcastle-upon-Tyne on 12 September 2008. Defeating Dave Ferguson in the opening round, Simpkin went on to fight Sam Sexton. Sexton subsequently took Simpkin out of contention winning the match by unanimous decision and continued on to win the competition.

## InfoBox

| Luke Simpkin | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Luke Simpkin
(1979-05-05) 5 May 1979
Derby,
England |
| Nationality | British |
| **Statistics** | |
| Weight(s) | Heavyweight |
| Height | 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) |
| Stance | Orthodox |
|  | |
| **Boxing record** | |
| Total fights | 46 |
| Wins | 11 |
| Wins by KO | 8 |
| Losses | 32 |
| Draws | 3 |
| No contests | 0 |
|  | |


title: Luke Short

abstract: Luke Lamar Short was an American Old West gunfighter, cowboy, U.S. Army scout, dispatch rider, gambler, boxing promoter, and saloon owner. He survived numerous gunfights, the most famous of which were against Charlie Storms in Tombstone, Arizona Territory, and against Jim Courtright in Fort Worth, Texas. Short had business interests in three of the best-known saloons in the Old West: the Oriental in Tombstone, the Long Branch Saloon in Dodge City, and the White Elephant in Fort Worth.

text:
# Luke Short

**Luke Lamar Short** (January 22, 1854  September 8, 1893) was an American Old West gunfighter, cowboy, U.S. Army scout, dispatch rider, gambler, boxing promoter, and saloon owner. He survived numerous gunfights, the most famous of which were against Charlie Storms in Tombstone, Arizona Territory, and against Jim Courtright in Fort Worth, Texas. Short had business interests in three of the best-known saloons in the Old West: the Oriental in Tombstone, the Long Branch Saloon in Dodge City, and the White Elephant in Fort Worth.

## Early life

Short was born in Polk County, Arkansas, in January 1854. He was the fifth child of Josiah Washington Short (February 2, 1812  February 8, 1890) and his wife Hetty Brumley (February 2, 1826  November 30, 1908). Short had nine siblings. The family moved to Montague County, Texas shortly after Short's birth.

In 1862, Luke Short witnessed his father being ambushed and attacked by a group of Comanches in their yard. His father was surrounded by the group and attacked with arrows and lances. Inside the house, Luke helped the elder Short by dragging a large rifle to his brother, who then ran and handed it to his father. At the age of 13, Luke was said to have "carved" the face of a bully when he was still at school, which was the reason why he and his father moved to Fort Worth.

In 1869, at age 15, Short started work as a cowboy, which he continued through 1875, during which he made several trips to the Kansas railheads.

Short was reported by Bat Masterson to have killed six drunken Sioux at various times. Later writers have relied on Masterson's story as truthful and added to it, but no documentation of these killings has been found. Nonetheless, Short had been in over 30 engagements fighting Indians while working for the government, with his first fight occurring in 1869. While working as a scout for General George Crook in 1876, he was stationed in the Black Hills during the Sioux insurrection. While conducting a scouting expedition for the army, a band of 15 Indians ambushed and fired at him with rifles. Short managed to draw his pistols and fired back, killing three of the attackers. Some of the Indians gave chase on horseback, and Short killed two of them before finally reaching safety.

From October 6 to 8, 1878, Short worked as a dispatch courier from Ogallala for Major Thomas Tipton Thornburgh; Short earned $30 (about $950 in 2023). He then served as a civilian scout for Thornburgh until October 20. He enlisted at Sidney, Nebraska to be paid $100 a month (around $3160 today) but he only served for 12 days, for which he was paid $40. The *Fort Worth Daily Gazette* later described him as "the bravest scout in the government employ."

In an interview later in his life, Short told researcher George H. Morrison that he moved to the Black Hills in 1876 and to Ogallala, Nebraska, the next year. Accounts written in Short's later years stated that he was an outlaw during his time in Nebraska. Around this time, Short was said to have traded whiskey with Indians around Camp Robinson, Nebraska. According to his nephew Wayne Short, Luke was arrested by the army. They put him on a train destined for Omaha, but Luke managed to escape the army escort and went to the makeshift mining and cowtown of Denver, Colorado, taking up gambling as a profession. He is said to have killed two men on separate occasions due to altercations during their card games.

## Gambling days

Short moved to Leadville, Colorado, in 1879, where he continued gambling. Bat Masterson later wrote that Short seriously wounded a man during a gambling dispute in Leadville. He was accused of swindling Texan John Jones "out of $280 on Three Card Monte" and jailed on October 5 for six days in Kansas City.

### Gunfight with Charlie Storms

Short first met Wyatt Earp, William H. Harris, and Bat Masterson in Tombstone. Based on their previous friendship, Harris had no problem convincing his partners to engage Earp as a faro dealer at their Oriental Saloon in Tombstone. On Friday, February 25, 1881, Short was serving as the lookout, seated next to the dealer at a faro game in the Oriental, when he was involved in what became a well-known gunfight. His opponent was Charlie Storms. Bat Masterson, who was in Tombstone at the time, described what happened in a magazine article he wrote in 1907:

> Storms did not know Short, and like the bad man in Leadville, had sized him up as an insignificant-looking fellow, whom he could slap in the face without expecting a return. Both were about to pull their pistols when I jumped between them and grabbed Storms, at the same time requesting Luke not to shoot, a request I knew he would respect if it was possible without endangering his own life too much. I had no trouble in getting Storms out of the house, as he knew me to be his friend ... I was just explaining to Luke that Storms was a very decent sort of man when, lo and behold!, there he stood before us, without saying a word, he took hold of Luke's arm and pulled him off the sidewalk, where he had been standing, at the same time pulling his pistol, a Colt's cut-off, 45 calibre, single action; but like the Leadvillian, he was too slow, although he succeeded in getting his pistol out. Luke stuck the muzzle of his pistol against Storm's heart and pulled the trigger. The bullet tore the heart asunder, and as he was falling, Luke shot him again. Storms was dead when he hit the ground.

Storms' body was taken to the undertaker, where the coroner's jury was convened and testimony was heard. The jury reached a verdict that Storms died from three pistol wounds at the hands of Short, and that Short's actions were justifiable. Short was free to go, as no further legal action was taken.

Five days after Storms died, the *Leadville Democrat* wrote about the shooting. It said that Storms approached Short and "catching him by the ear", demanded an apology. According to the account, Storms grabbed Short's ear with his left hand and his right hand contained a pistol aimed at Short. Short drew his weapon and shot Storms, who returned fire, but missed. Short then put two more bullets into "the sinking soul of Storms."

## Dodge City

Short left Tombstone in early 1881, arriving in Dodge City in April 1881. He remained in Dodge City until the final months of 1883, although he made frequent trips to pursue gambling opportunities. In February 1883, Chalk Beeson sold his interest in the Long Branch Saloon to Short. In March, Harris was nominated to run for mayor of Dodge City. Within a few days, on March 19, a "law and order" group nominated Lawrence E. Deger to run against Harris. Deger defeated Harris by 214 votes to 43 in the election of April 3. All five of the city council candidates running with Deger were also elected.

On April 23, the Dodge City Council posted two ordinances that were immediately approved by Mayor Deger. Ordinance No. 70 was "An Ordinance for the Suppression of Vice and Immorality Within the City of Dodge City." Ordinance No. 71 was "An Ordinance to Define and Punish Vagrancy." Reports of that time recorded an event where Short beat a man with a pistol, which resulted in the man being bedridden and "in despair" for several days. On April 28, three prostitutes employed at the Long Branch were arrested by City Marshal Jack Bridges and policeman Louis C. Hartman. Soon afterward, Short and Hartman exchanged gunfire. Neither man was hurt. Short was quickly arrested and released on a $2,000 bond. His preliminary examination was set for May 2.

### Forced out of town

On April 30, Short was again arrested (along with five other gamblers) and placed in jail. The following day, Short and the five others were escorted to the train depot and given their choice of east- or west-bound trains. Short went east to Kansas City, Missouri, where he looked up Charles E. Bassett at the Marble Hall Saloon. Bassett and Short had both at different times owned an interest in the Long Branch Saloon.

Short and Bassett, along with William F. Petillon, began conceiving a plan to get Short back to Dodge City. Short went to Topeka, the capital, on May 10, where he presented a petition to Governor George W. Glick. Short returned to Kansas City and was joined there by Bat Masterson. Wyatt Earp arrived in Dodge City, along with several gunfighters, on May 31. Short, Earp, and Petillon met in Kinsley, Kansas, on June 3, 1883, and took the afternoon train to Dodge City. Deger issued a proclamation the following day ordering the closing of all gambling places in Dodge City.

### Dodge City Peace Commission

Deger's action came during the cattle season and critics believed this would cause harm by lessening the money spent in the city. Additional pressure to resolve the issue had come from the governor and the Santa Fe Railroad, which did considerable business in the town. The gambling halls, dance halls, and saloons, including the Long Branch, were ordered to be reopened. On June 9, both sides met in a dance hall that opened that night and resolved their differences. The following day, eight men gathered and posed for a widely reproduced Wild West history photo. The group was dubbed the Dodge City Peace Commission. The men in the historic photo were William H. Harris, Luke Short, Bat Masterson, William F. Petillon, Charles E. Bassett, Wyatt Earp, Michael Francis "Frank" McLean, and Cornelius "Neil" Brown. Shortly after the photo was taken, Bat Masterson and Wyatt Earp departed for Colorado.

The Long Branch Saloon, owned by Short, was reopened. On November 19, 1883, Short and Harris sold the Long Branch to Roy Drake and Frank Warren. Short moved to San Antonio, Texas, for a brief time before relocating to Fort Worth.

## Fort Worth

### Partnership in White Elephant Saloon

In December 1884, Jacob Christopher "Jake" Johnson, Short, and James A. "Alex" Reddick became the new owners of the Fort Worth White Elephant Saloon. Jake Johnson was one of the wealthiest men in Texas, and his part ownership of the White Elephant was one of many business and real estate enterprises he was involved in. The White Elephant was described in *The Fort Worth Daily Gazette* of December 12, 1884, as the "pride of the city" and "the largest and most magnificent establishment in the state." The paper detailed the various games of chance, in the "club rooms" of which Short was in charge. That large gambling section also included a dozen billiard tables. Short maintained an office at the White Elephant and often greeted customers. On May 9, 1885, Short, Jake Johnson, M.F. "Frank" McLean, and three others pleaded guilty and were each fined $25 for "gaming."

During this time in Fort Worth, Short performed one of his well-known acts of marksmanship. While dining in a restaurant, the waiter handed him a glass of milk that had a small fly on the surface. Short threw his milk in the air, drew his gun, and shot the fly.

### Sporting pursuits

Short became involved in boxing through Bat Masterson. On June 28, 1885, he was called upon to referee a match fought near Weatherford, Texas, between the 6-foot-2-inch "Kid Bridges" and the 5-foot-8-inch "St. Joe Kid". The decision of referee Short was that the "St. Joe Kid" won on a foul.

Jake Johnson was responsible for making horse racing a major part of Short's sporting agenda. Johnson and two partners opened the Fort Worth Driving Park in January 1885. Short bought a racehorse named Tobe, along with some jockey silks for himself. Short participated in a race held on November 13, 1886, placing last in a field of five.

### Selling his interest in the White Elephant

In 1887, Short's younger brother, Henry Jenkins Short, killed a man named Charles T. Schuyler in San Angelo, Texas, on January 23. San Angelo, 200 miles southwest of Fort Worth, was where Short's parents and other family members lived. Initial reports indicated that Schuyler was shot twice, the bullets entering his back and coming out at the front, either one of which would have been fatal. Henry Short fled to Fort Worth before he could be arrested, to enlist the aid and funds that his brother Luke could provide for his defense. Luke and Henry returned to San Angelo on January 29. Henry voluntarily surrendered to the sheriff and gave a bond for his appearance in the district court.

The money needed to defend Henry Short was to be provided by Luke, who had also provided the money for Henry's bond. In addition, Luke had at the time unrelated legal problems of his own in the Dallas court. The amount that would be needed to handle all of these legal issues was more than Luke had available. To raise the needed funds, Johnson agreed to purchase Luke Short's one-third interest in the White Elephant on February 7, 1887. The press informed the public that Short had no intention of leaving town, "but will continue to call Fort Worth home."

### Duel with Jim Courtright

On the night of February 8, 1887, an argument broke out between Luke Short and Jim Courtright about the latter's persistence in demanding money from Luke's establishment for "protection". An infuriated Courtright stormed from the saloon but later returned with two pistols visibly holstered in his pockets. He yelled for Luke Short to come out, but Jake Johnson, a friend of both men, tried to calm Courtright down. Short met with the two men outside and talked about their dispute as they walked through the street. The group, however, suddenly stopped at Ella Blackwell's Shooting Gallery. Luke Short was facing Courtright three to four feet away when the Courtright suddenly went for his pistol, making Short draw his own in return. In the gunfight that followed, Short was the last man standing. In his own words, Short described what happened:

> Early in the evening ... I was at the bar with a couple of friends when someone called me. I went out into the vestibule and saw Jim Courtright and Jake Johnson ... I walked out with them upon the sidewalk, and we had some quiet talk on private affairs. I reminded him of some past transactions, not in an abusive or reproachful manner, to which he assented, but not in a very cordial way. I was standing with my thumbs in the armholes of my vest and had dropped them in front of me to adjust my clothing, when he remarked, 'Well, you needn't reach for your gun,' and immediately put his hand in his hip pocket and pulled his. When I saw him do that, I pulled my pistol and began shooting, for I knew that his action meant death. He must have misconstrued my intention in dropping my hands before me. I was merely adjusting my clothing, and never carry a pistol in that part of my dress.

The showdown was also witnessed by Bat Masterson, who was with Luke Short at the time. In 1907, Masterson published his own account of the events, where he stated that Jim Courtright, carrying a "brace of pistols", challenged Luke Short to a duel:

> No time was wasted in the exchange of words once the men faced each other. Both drew their pistols at the same time, but as usual, Short's spoke first and a bullet from a Colt's 45-calibre pistol went crashing through Courtright's body. The shock caused him to reel backward; then he got another and still another, and by the time his lifeless form had reached the floor, Luke had succeeded in shooting him five times.

Investigations of the gunfight concluded that while Courtright went for his pistol first, Short ultimately outdrew and killed him. Several explanations for Courtright's inability to fire off a shot were theorized. One possibility presented was that his pistol broke when one of Short's bullets struck it and his thumb, or that his pistol got caught on his watch chain for a second as he drew it, which Western historian DeArment considered to be unlikely or a "feeble excuse".

The gunfight became well known due to the notoriety of both men. Courtright's funeral was attended by hundreds of Fort Worth residents. Short was arrested for the shooting, and though he was almost lynched after the shootout, he was never brought to trial. Short was eventually able to settle his legal problems with the court in Dallas, where all of the cases against him were dismissed with no explanation.

### Marriage to Hattie Buck

Following the resolution of his legal problems, Short traveled to Kansas where he married Hattie Buck (born October 5, 1863) in Oswego, Kansas, on March 15, 1887. Harriet Beatrice Buck was born in Coles County, Illinois, on October 5, 1863. She was the fourth of eight children born between 1858 and 1878. Buck's family later moved to Emporia, Kansas, where her father died a few years prior to her marriage. Short and his wife went to Fort Worth shortly after their wedding, but soon boarded a train "for a brief stay in Hot Springs." A.G. Arkwright later recalled, "Luke Short came there, to the hotel where I was staying, with his wife, the beautiful and accomplished daughter of an Emporia banker, whom he married under romantic circumstances."

### Horse racing and the Palais Royal

"Doing the racing circuit" was a large part of Short's career as a sporting man. His friend Jake Johnson and he, along with their wives, attended the inaugural running of the Futurity Stakes on Labor Day 1888, held in New York at the Sheepshead Bay Race Track on Coney Island. By October 1888, Short and Johnson were back in Fort Worth. Short was no longer connected with the White Elephant, and Johnson had decided to open what the local paper headlined as a "super resort" called the Palais Royal, which was designed to rival the White Elephant.

## Chicago

### Boxing promoter

From 1889 to 1893, Short spent part of each year in Chicago. He and his wife Hattie often went there during the summer to attend Thoroughbred horse races. By the end of 1889, Short had become well known in Chicago. The *Daily Inter Ocean* reported that Short, "who is numbered as one of the prominent figures of the Richburg battle" had cabled Charles E. "Parson" Davies offering $20,000 to have John L. Sullivan defend his boxing title in a championship fight at Fort Worth.

On February 8, 1890, Short's father, Josiah Washington Short, died in San Angelo, Texas, "at the ripe age of 78 years", although Short only learned of his father's death after the burial. Soon thereafter, Short's youngest brother, William B. Short, was killed at the age of 22 "by a herd of stampeding cattle on the Tankersly ranch."

### Robbed

In 1890, Short, Johnson, and a gambler named Charles M. Wright, along with other sporting men, were partners in some Memphis faro games. The partners won significant amounts of cash, reported as "thousands of dollars", which were entrusted to Wright. He was designated as the banker for the group and was supposed to place the winnings in a hotel safe where the group stayed. For unknown reasons, Wright decided to keep the cash in his hotel room and was robbed of the entire amount. Wright wanted Short and his other partners to bear an equal share of the loss, but they refused and turned the matter over to the authorities, who decided against Wright. According to a later report, Wright was never satisfied with that decision, and had "hard words" with several of his ex-partners on the subject, particularly with Short."

### The last gunfight

After the robbery earlier in 1890, tensions between Short and Wright continued to escalate. Their feud culminated in a gunfight in Fort Worth on December 23, 1890. The gunfight took place at the Bank Saloon on Main Street which was owned by Wright. In testimonies presented by eyewitnesses, Wright was conducting gambling in his house and Short went there to close it down. After Short evicted all the patrons at gunpoint, Wright ambushed him with a shotgun, wounding Short in the left hip and leg, as well as injuring his left hand. Short retaliated by drawing his pistol and shooting Wright in the right wrist, disarming him. Both men then separated ways, with Short going out to meet his friends, while Wright stayed in the building.

In describing Short's leg wound, the local paper said, "the full charge of buckshot passed through the flesh, making a tunnel, the muscles on the outside were torn out." The wound on his left hand resulted in his thumb being "taken off at the joint." Reports of the shooting, along with updates on Short's condition, were published in newspapers in several states. A paper in Hutchinson, Kansas, observed, "his wounds are enough to kill a common man, but Luke may get well." Short remained bedridden for months. In 1891, a Chicago newspaper published a lengthy profile of Short. When discussing the gunfight with Wright, the paper reported: "It was supposed at the time that Short was fatally wounded, and his recovery was wholly due to the careful nursing of his wife, who for three months hardly left his bedside." Both Short and Wright were indicted and charged with assault with intent to murder and made bonds in the sum of $1,000. The trial date was changed more than once, and a final decision was not reached until March 1, 1892.

### Nearly killing a man by mistake in Chicago

By May 21, 1891, Short had sufficiently recovered from his wounds, and travelled to Chicago with Johnson, accompanied by his wife. The trip coincided with the start of the racing season, and Johnson and Short both owned a string of horses that would be running at Washington Park Race Track in Chicago.

During this trip, Short was accosted in the lobby of the Leland Hotel by a drunken attorney named James J. Singleton in late October 1891. According to the report, Short did not have his pistol but managed to give Singleton a few kicks, knocking him down. Short then picked him up and pushed him out "into the frosty night air." Short went upstairs for his gun in case Singleton decided to return. While Short was gone, an actor named William F. Hoey (1854–1897) walked into the hotel lobby. The actor, coincidentally, closely resembled the lawyer Short had just kicked out. Short saw Hoey, and believing him to be Singleton, charged at him with his pistol. A hotel clerk named Ed Kennedy jumped between the two men and deescalated the situation. When Short realized his mistake, he apologized to the actor and treated him to drinks and a late supper.

### Guilty of assault

On March 1, 1892, a decision was reached in the *State v Luke Short*. Short was found guilty of aggravated assault against Charles Wright, and a fine of $150 was assessed against him.

## Final days

### Bright's disease

By the start of 1893, Short's health had begun to deteriorate. Doctors determined that he was suffering from one of the kidney diseases that then went under the now-obsolete classification of Bright's disease. These diseases are described in modern medicine as acute or chronic nephritis. Edema, then called "dropsy", would have contributed to a slight puffiness in his face, as well as the accumulation of fluids in his lower legs that would have made standing difficult for prolonged periods of time for Short. Short was in Fort Worth when a Kansas newspaper reported that he was "lying at death's door." Short and a number of friends, and with Hattie beside him, took the north-bound Santa Fe train for Geuda Springs, Kansas. It was believed a change of climate and the supposedly medicinal qualities of the waters, would "prolong his life." The move did not have the desired effect.

### Death

Short died at the Gilbert House in Geuda Springs on September 8, 1893. The local paper reported: "Luke Short died at the Gilbert this morning of dropsy." Just two days before Short's death, while Hattie sat at his bedside in Kansas, word arrived that her mother had died in Fort Worth. A Dodge City newspaper belatedly printed a dispatch from Fort Worth that stated, "two days ago, his mother-in-law died and the two funerals will take place here at the same time." Hattie found herself a widow at 29 years old. Short was 39 at the time of his death.

Short's funeral took place in Fort Worth on September 10, 1893. Carriages in a line more than a mile long followed Short's body to Oakwood Cemetery in Fort Worth. Short had purchased a gravestone shortly before his death. It is a plain, upright marker simply inscribed: *L. L. SHORT 1854 – 1893*.

On February 22, 1955, Short was played by actor Wally Cassell in an episode of the syndicated Western TV series *Stories of the Century*. The part of Jim Courtright was portrayed by actor Robert Knapp (1924–2001).

On January 5, 1960, Bob Steele played Short in the episode "The Terrified Town" on the CBS Western television series *The Texan*, starring Rory Calhoun.

1. *The National Police Gazette* published a profile of Luke in their issue of March 15, 1890. This article was published while Short was still alive, and was based upon information provided to the publication by Short himself.
2. (DeMattos, 2015) p.9
3. "Luke Short, The Undertakers' Friend". Archived from the original on July 4, 2017. Retrieved May 22, 2017.
4. DeMattos, Jack and Parsons, Chuck. *The Notorious Luke Short: Sporting Man of the Wild West*. Denton, TX: University of North Texas Press, 2015. ISBN 978-1-57441 594-0
5. Masterson, W.B. "Bat". "Famous Gun Fighters of the Western Frontier: Luke Short." Human Life Magazine, April 1907
6. (DeMattos, 2015) p.10
7. (DeMattos, 2015) p.6
8. "Reports of Persons and Articles Employed and Hired at Sidney Barracks, Nebraska During the Month of October, 1878." Old Military Records Division, National Archives
9. Morrison, "Luke Short Dictation," March 19, 1886. Hubert Howe Bancroft Texas Dictations, Manuscript P-033, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley
10. DeMattos, Jack. *The Notorious Luke Short: Sporting Man of the Wild West*. University of North Texas Press (May 18, 2015). pp. 15–23. ISBN 978-1574415940.
11. Morrison, "Luke Short Dictation, March 19, 1886"
12. *Kansas City Star*— October 7, 1880
13. *Kansas City Star*—October 11, 1880
14. Masterson, W.B. "Bat." "Famous Gun Fighters of the Western Frontier: Luke Short, *Human Life Magazine* (Vol. 5, No 1) April 1907
15. *Arizona Weekly Citizen* (Tucson), February 27, 1881
16. *Leadville Democrat*, March 2, 1881
17. *Ford County* *Globe*, Dodge City—February 6, 1883
18. *Dodge City Times*, April 5, 1883.
19. (DeMattos, 2015) p.60
20. *Ford County Globe* May 1, 1883
21. *Dodge City Times*, May 3, 1883.
22. Note: Charles E. Bassett and Alfred J. Peacock opened the Long Branch Saloon in late 1872.
23. *Leavenworth Times* June 5, 1883
24. Luke Short in Dodge City Peace Commission Archived August 20, 2006, at the Wayback Machine; 1883; original photograph; Ford County Historical Society; retrieved October 2014
25. *Dodge City Times* June 14, 1883
26. *Ford County Globe* (Dodge City), January 1, 1884.
27. *Fort Worth Daily Gazette* December 16, 1884
28. *Fort Worth Daily Gazette* May 9, 1885
29. (DeMattos, 2015) p.217
30. *Fort Worth Daily Gazette*, June 29, 1885.
31. *Dallas Morning News* November 14, 1886
32. *Fort Worth Daily Gazette*, February 8, 1887.
33. *Fort Worth Daily Gazette* February 8, 1887
34. Luke Short – A Dandy Gunfighter by W.R. (Bat) Masterson in 1907 Archived May 13, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
35. "Tarrant County Historical Journal—Bad Blood". November 2013. Archived from the original on October 21, 2014. Retrieved October 16, 2014.
36. DeArment, Robert K. *Jim Courtright of Fort Worth: His Life and Legend* . Texas Christian University Press; First edition (August 4, 2004). pp.226–227. ISBN 978-0875652924
37. Tarrant County Historical Journal—Edition 01 Archived December 21, 2005, at the Wayback Machine Jim Buel
38. *Fort Worth Daily Gazette* February 9, 1887
39. Petzal, David. "Five Greatest Gunfights of the Old West". *Field and Stream*. Archived from the original on April 7, 2014. Retrieved April 14, 2014.
40. "Gunfighters Part 4". Legends of America. Archived from the original on April 28, 2017. Retrieved March 7, 2017.
41. DeArment, Robert K. *Jim Courtright of Fort Worth: His Life and Legend*. Texas Christian University Press; First edition (August 4, 2004). p. 234. ISBN 978-0875652924
42. *Dallas Morning News* February 26, 1887
43. *Kansas Marriages 1840–1935*. "Lee \[*sic*\] Short and Hattie Buck: 15 March 1887." Indexing batch # M73625-8. GS Film # 1433395. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
44. *Fort Worth Daily Gazette* March 25, 1887
45. *New York Sun* July 25, 1897
46. *Fort Worth Daily Gazette* October 21, 1888
47. *Chicago Daily Inter Ocean* December 18, 1889
48. *Dallas* *Morning News* February 11, 1890
49. *Dallas Morning News* April 4, 1890
50. *Fort Worth Daily Gazette* April 2, 1890
51. Note: Some confusion exists over the date of Will Short's death. A Fort Worth paper stated that he was killed on March 31, yet the Texas Death Records, as well as his tombstone, give the date as March 29, 1890.
52. *Louisville* (Kentucky) *Courier-Journal* December 30, 1890
53. DeArment, Robert K. *Jim Courtright of Fort Worth: His Life and Legend*. Texas Christian University Press; First edition (August 4, 2004). p. 226-227. ISBN 978-0875652924
54. *Fort Worth Daily Gazette* December 24, 1890
55. *Hutchinson News* January 7, 1891
56. *Chicago Daily* *Inter Ocean* September 7, 1891
57. *Dallas Morning News* February 1, 1891
58. *Fort Worth Gazette* May 22, 1891
59. *Chicago Tribune* October 29, 1891
60. *Chicago Inter Ocean* October 29, 1891
61. *Dallas Morning News* March 1, 1892
62. *Wichita Daily Eagle* August 4, 1893
63. *Fort* *Worth Gazette* August 23, 1893
64. *Geuda Springs Herald* September 8, 1893
65. *Dodge City Globe-Republican* September 22, 1893
66. (Season two, episode 10 – "Jim Courtright ")
67. "*The Texan*". Classic Television Archive. Archived from the original on April 8, 2012. Retrieved January 31, 2013.

## Further reading

* Cox, William R. *Luke Short and His Era: A Biography of One of the Old West's Most Famous Gamblers*, Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Co., 1961.
* DeMattos, Jack. "Gunfighters of the Real West: Luke Short," *Real West*, December 1982.
* DeMattos, Jack. "The Dodge City Peace Commission Revealed," *Wild West History Association Journal*, (Vol. VI, No. 2), April 2013.
* DeMattos, Jack and Parsons, Chuck. *The Notorious Luke Short: Sporting Man of the Wild West*, Denton, TX: University of North Texas Press, 2015 ISBN 978-1-57441 594-0
* Masterson, W.B. (Bat). "Famous Gun Fighters of the Western Frontier: Luke Short," *Human Life Magazine* (Vol. 5, No. 1), April 1907.
* Masterson, W.B. (Bat) *The 75th Anniversary Edition of Famous Gun Fighters of the Western Frontier* (Annotated and Illustrated by Jack DeMattos), Monroe, WA: Weatherford Press, 1982 ISBN 0-9604078-1-2
* Miller, Nyle H., and Snell, Joseph W. *Why the West Was Wild*. Topeka: Kansas State Historical Society, 1963.
* Ryall, William. "The Luck of Luke," *True Western Adventures*, April 1961.
* Short, Wayne. *Luke Short: A Biography of one of the Old West's Most Colorful Gamblers and Gunfighters*, Tombstone, AZ: Devil's Thumb Press, 1997. ISBN 0-9644980-7-3
* Walker, Wayne T. "Killer in Fancy Pants," *True West*, October 1956.

## InfoBox

| Luke Lamar Short | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1854-01-22)January 22, 1854<br>Polk County, Arkansas, US |
| Died | September 8, 1893(1893-09-08) (aged 39)<br>Geuda Springs, Kansas, United States |
| Occupation(s) | Cowboy, gambler, saloon owner, gunfighter, Army scout, boxing promoter |
| Spouse | Hattie Buck |
|  | |


title: Luisinho Dias

abstract: Luís Germano "Luisinho" Borlotes Dias is a Mozambican former footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He played in 18 matches for the Mozambique national team from 1996 to 1999. He was also named in Mozambique's squad for the 1998 African Cup of Nations tournament.

text:
# Luisinho Dias

**Luís Germano "Luisinho" Borlotes Dias** (born 14 April 1973) is a Mozambican former footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He played in 18 matches for the Mozambique national team from 1996 to 1999. He was also named in Mozambique's squad for the 1998 African Cup of Nations tournament.

## InfoBox

Luisinho Dias
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Luís Germano Borlotes Dias | | |
| Date of birth | (1973-04-14) 14 April 1973 | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| International career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1996–1999 | Mozambique | 18 | (0) |


title: Tsumi no Keishō (Original Sin)

abstract: "Tsumi no Keishō" is the forty-eighth single of Japanese recording artist Gackt. It was released on March 22, 2017. The single was used as the ending theme for the anime Trickster. In the song Gackt was seeking to portray the essence of human beings.

text:
# Tsumi no Keishō (Original Sin)

"**Tsumi no Keishō (Original Sin)**" (罪の継承～Original Sin～, lit. "Inheritance of Sin: Original Sin") is the forty-eighth single of Japanese recording artist Gackt. It was released on March 22, 2017. The single was used as the ending theme for the anime *Trickster*. In the song Gackt was seeking to portray the essence of human beings.

## Overview

Gackt voiced The Fiend with Twenty Faces, main antagonist in the anime *Trickster*, as well provided the anime's first opening theme song from episodes 1 to 12, "Kimi Dake no Boku de Iru Kara", while "Tsumi no Keishō (Original Sin)" was the second ending theme song from episodes 13 to 24.

Gackt noted that he done a gothic theme already during his band era (Malice Mizer) and that likes edgy music with a message. However, as until now he was doing music with record label companies which pushed many regulations he could not express his originality to the extreme. From the anime production team also received an order to make a song with feeling of happy future, but as he does not consider himself a commercial writer decided to do something unexpected. The same thing regularly happened with previous requests, for example "Redemption" and "Longing" for *Dirge of Cerberus: Final Fantasy VII* instead of ballads have also been fierce songs. He considers he is returning to be an original musician as whether the CDs success or public opinion, the musicians' essence is to compose what he likes, to perform and impress the public.

## Composition and lyrics

The song was written and composed by Gackt. It has symphonic and gothic sound, while the orchestra version has a variety of dramas. The story underlying the song's lyrics are the emotions of characters appearing in the story of Moon Saga, the reason why became who they are, a work related to the latest studio album *Last Moon*. As the character in the anime is a criminal he also decided to make music which will synchronize with him and anime ending, kind of solve the mystery to his darkness. It is planned to be included in changed live tracklist along other produced music for the upcoming Japanese tour which will be held after the world tour.

Both the music video and the lyrics have a profound message about life and human crime. It is appealing to the problem modern society faces. However its concept of sin does not mean crime, yet the existence of humans in this world itself which is similar to Christian original sin that the people are born guilty of sin. A historical tragedy of creature that seeks destruction despite its ability to create, and the sin is repeated endlessly. The message would be to not escape from the reality of living with sin, but to face Pandora's box which is in own mind and heart. People need to do what they should do, but with approach of deep thinking to "be", without superficiality or period trends, thoughtless act on reaction, not to pour into self unexamined information, what is said and judged to be good and evil because they change and differ according to time and background.

## Release and artwork

It was in pre-sale digitally on February 22, while generally was released on March 22, 2017. The single was released in regular edition (CD) and limited edition (CD+DVD) by record label Arutemate. Both edition cover artwork feature Gackt restrained to chair with chain, in limited edition with blindfolded eyes while in regular edition looking upwards, with the artwork related to the music video.

## Music video and synopsis

The single's music video is a "problematic work" because it shows a brutal portrayal of violence, bloody scenes and fate of a girl and boy, and thus has  designation and age restriction on YouTube. Gackt did not mind director's advice that it would not be broadcast on television because of its explicitness as it will stream on internet. The original plot about succession of sin that happens from the past to the future, related to Moon Saga, was difficult to realize in the meaning of eras and thus decided to depict it in present era.

The video premiered on March 13 during the screening of *Last Visualive Saigo no Tsuki –Last Moon–* at Marunouchi Piccadilly theatre in Yūrakuchō, Tokyo.

## Track listings and formats

All tracks are written by Gackt C

CD (XQMQ-1010)
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Tsumi no Keishō (Original Sin) (罪の継承～Original Sin～)" |  |
| 2. | "Tsumi no Keishō (Original Sin) (Orchestra Ver.)" |  |
| 3. | "Tsumi no Keishō (Original Sin) (Instrumental)" |  |

CD + DVD (XQMQ-91001)
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Tsumi no Keishō (Original Sin) (Music Clip)" |  |

## Charts performance

The single reached number eighteen on the Oricon's weekly singles chart. In the first week it sold 5,451 copies. As the single was released by an independent label it was also featured on the Oricon indies singles chart, peaking at number three. On the *Billboard Japan* peaked at number eighteen on the Top Single Sales chart.

| Chart (2017) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Oricon Weekly Singles | 18 |
| Oricon Indie Singles | 3 |
| Billboard Japan Top Singles Sales | 18 |

## InfoBox

| "Tsumi no Keishō (Original Sin)" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Gackt | |
| Released | March 22, 2017 |
| Recorded | 2017 |
| Genre | Rock |
| Length | 4:21 |
| Label | Arutemate |
| Songwriter(s) | Gackt C. |
| Producer(s) | Gackt |
| Gackt singles chronology | |
| "Kimi Dake no Boku de Iru Kara"
(2016) "**Tsumi no Keishō (Original Sin)**"
(2017) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Tsumi no Keishō (Original Sin)" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Tsumetai Tsuki

abstract: "Tsumetai Tsuki" is the 37th single by Japanese singer/songwriter Chisato Moritaka. Written by Moritaka and Yuichi Takahashi, the single was released by zetima on October 1, 1998. The song was used as an image song for NTV's booth at the 1998 Museum of Fine Arts Exhibition at the Musée de l'Orangerie in Paris to commemorate the network's 45th anniversary.

text:
# Tsumetai Tsuki

"**Tsumetai Tsuki**" (冷たい月, lit. "Cold Moon") is the 37th single by Japanese singer/songwriter Chisato Moritaka. Written by Moritaka and Yuichi Takahashi, the single was released by zetima on October 1, 1998. The song was used as an image song for NTV's booth at the 1998 Museum of Fine Arts Exhibition at the Musée de l'Orangerie in Paris to commemorate the network's 45th anniversary.

## Chart performance

"Tsumetai Tsuki" peaked at No. 33 on Oricon's singles chart and sold 14,000 copies.

## Other versions

Moritaka re-recorded the song and uploaded the video on her YouTube channel on May 31, 2013. This version is also included in Moritaka's 2013 self-covers DVD album *Love Vol. 4*.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Chisato Moritaka

8 cm CD
| No. | Title | Music | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Tsumetai Tsuki" ((冷たい月, "Cold Moon")) | Yuichi Takahashi | 4:29 |
| 2. | "Kiken na Hodō (5 Version)" ((危険な舗道 (5version), "Dangerous Pavement (5 Version)")) | Moritaka | 4:09 |
| 3. | "Tsumetai Tsuki" (Original Karaoke) |  | 4:25 |

## Personnel

* Chisato Moritaka – vocals, drums
* Yuichi Takahashi – acoustic guitar, synthesizer programming, piano
* Yasuaki Maejima – piano, Fender Rhodes
* Yukio Seto – acoustic guitar, bass, percussion

## Chart positions

| Charts (1998) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Japanese Oricon Singles Chart | 33 |

## InfoBox

| "Tsumetai Tsuki" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Chisato Moritaka | |
| Language | Japanese |
| English title | Cold Moon |
| B-side | "Kiken na Hodō (5 Version)" |
| Released | October 1, 1998 (1998-10-01) |
| Recorded | 1998 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 4:29 |
| Label | zetima |
| Composer(s) | Yuichi Takahashi |
| Lyricist(s) | Chisato Moritaka |
| Producer(s) | Yukio Seto |
| Chisato Moritaka singles chronology | |
| "Umi made 5-fun"
(1998) "**Tsumetai Tsuki**"
(1998) "Watashi no Yō ni"
(1999) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| Tsumetai Tsuki on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Lukáš Šebek

abstract: Lukáš Šebek is a Slovak football striker who currently plays for Nové Mesto.

text:
# Lukáš Šebek

**Lukáš Šebek** (born 10 October 1988 in Trenčín) is a Slovak football striker who currently plays for Nové Mesto.

## InfoBox

Lukáš Šebek
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Lukáš Šebek | | |
| Date of birth | (1988-10-10) 10 October 1988 | | |
| Place of birth | Trenčín, Czechoslovakia | | |
| Height | 1.77 m (5 ft 10 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Striker | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Nové Mesto | | |
| Number | 10 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| ?–2003 | Nové Mesto | | |
| 2003–2006 | AS Trenčín | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2005–2009 | AS Trenčín | 18 | (0) |
| 2009–2012 | Nové Mesto (loan) |  |  |
| 2012 | Spartak Myjava | 10 | (0) |
| 2013 | SV Leobendorf | 14 | (5) |
| 2013 | SC Pyhra |  |  |
| 2014–2017 | Nové Mesto | 72 | (39) |
| 2017–2018 | SC Apetlon | 15 | (12) |
| 2018– | Nové Mesto | 38 | (2) |
| International career | | | |
|  | Slovakia U-15 |  |  |
|  | Slovakia U-16 |  |  |
|  | Slovakia U-17 |  |  |
|  | Slovakia U-18 |  |  |
|  | Slovakia U-19 |  |  |
|  | Slovakia U-20 |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 21:29, 25 October 2020 (UTC) | | | |


title: Lukáš Škrečko

abstract: Lukáš Škrečko is a Slovak former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played in the Tipsport Liga for HKM Zvolen and HK Dukla Trenčín.

text:
# Lukáš Škrečko

**Lukáš Škrečko** (born July 17, 1987) is a Slovak former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played in the Tipsport Liga for HKM Zvolen and HK Dukla Trenčín.

## InfoBox

| Lukáš Škrečko | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born | (1987-07-17) July 17, 1987
Banská Bystrica, Czechoslovakia | | |
| Height | 6 ft 4 in (193 cm) | | |
| Weight | 212 lb (96 kg; 15 st 2 lb) | | |
| Position | Goaltender | | |
| Caught | Left | | |
| Played for | HKM Zvolen
HK Dukla Trenčín | | |
| National team | Slovakia | | |
| NHL draft | Undrafted | | |
| Playing career | 20072014 | | |


title: Truth to Tell

abstract:
"Truth to Tell" is a 1972 short story by Isaac Asimov. It is one of Asimov's series of stories about the Black Widowers, a gentlemen's dining club that meets monthly to solve mysteries and puzzles.
It was first published in the October 1972 issue of Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine under the title "The Man Who Never Told A Lie", and was included in the 1974 collection Tales of the Black Widowers.

text:
# Truth to Tell

"**Truth to Tell**" is a 1972 short story by Isaac Asimov. It is one of Asimov's series of stories about the Black Widowers, a gentlemen's dining club that meets monthly to solve mysteries and puzzles. It was first published in the October 1972 issue of *Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine* under the title "The Man Who Never Told A Lie", and was included in the 1974 collection *Tales of the Black Widowers.*

## Plot summary

Six middle-aged professional men have a dining club called the Black Widowers. One of the members, Mario Gonzalo, invites a guest named John Sand, whom Gonzalo describes as a man who "never tells a lie." Sand explains to the Widowers that he is accused of stealing cash and negotiable bonds from his uncle's company. Sand admits that, as a gambler, he was in urgent need of money, and is one of the few people who know the combination to the company's safe. Yet he repeatedly assures the Widowers: *"I did not take the cash or the bonds."* After much questioning of Sand by the Widowers, the club's waiter, Henry, solves the puzzle by observing that "many a literal truth tells a lie by implication." With Sand glaring at him, Henry asks him one question: "Did you, by any chance, take the cash ***and*** the bonds?" Without answering Henry, Sand takes his coat and departs, reminding the Widowers that their rules forbid them to disclose dinner conversations outside the club.

## Reception

C.D. Stewart remarked that the story's resolution "hinges on an extremely obscure point of linguistics and... would probably only be amusing to a linguistics professional." Nevertheless, the story was selected by editor Otto Penzler for inclusion in the 1998 anthology *The 50 Greatest Mysteries of All Time*.


title: Tubulin beta-2A chain

abstract: Tubulin beta-2A chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TUBB2A gene.

text:
# Tubulin beta-2A chain

**Tubulin beta-2A chain** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *TUBB2A* gene.

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000137267  Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000058672  Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". *National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine*.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". *National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine*.
5. Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, Edwards CA, Ashurst JL, Wilming L, Jones MC, Horton R, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Gilbert JG, Clamp ME, Bethel G, Milne S, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Andrews TD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bray-Allen S, Brook J, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clark G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley V, Collier RE, Collins JE, Colman LK, Corby NR, Coville GJ, Culley KM, Dhami P, Davies J, Dunn M, Earthrowl ME, Ellington AE, Evans KA, Faulkner L, Francis MD, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori MJ, Gilby LM, Gillson CJ, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Grant M, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths M, Hall R, Halls KS, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart EA, Heath PD, Heathcott R, Holmes SJ, Howden PJ, Howe KL, Howell GR, Huckle E, Humphray SJ, Humphries MD, Hunt AR, Johnson CM, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan SJ, Kimberley AM, King A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd CR, Lloyd DM, Loveland JE, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Maslen GL, Matthews L, McCann OT, McLaren SJ, McLay K, McMurray A, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Niblett D, Nickerson T, Novik KL, Oliver K, Overton-Larty EK, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Phillimore B, Phillips S, Plumb RW, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Ranby SA, Rice CM, Ross MT, Searle SM, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Skuce CD, Smith S, Smith M, Spraggon L, Squares SL, Steward CA, Sycamore N, Tamlyn-Hall G, Tester J, Theaker AJ, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tubby B, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, White SS, Whitehead SL, Whittaker H, Wild A, Willey DJ, Wilmer TE, Wood JM, Wray PW, Wyatt JC, Young L, Younger RM, Bentley DR, Coulson A, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Sulston JE, Dunham I, Rogers J, Beck S (Oct 2003). "The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6". *Nature*. **425** (6960): 805–11. Bibcode:2003Natur.425..805M. doi:10.1038/nature02055. PMID 14574404.
6. "Entrez Gene: TUBB2A tubulin, beta 2A".

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| TUBB2A | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | TUBB2A, CDCBM5, TUBB, TUBB2, dJ40E16.7, tubulin beta 2A class IIa | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 615101; MGI: 107861; HomoloGene: 134314; GeneCards: TUBB2A; OMA:TUBB2A - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001310315
NM\_001069   NM\_009450   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001060
NP\_001297244   NP\_033476   Location (UCSC) Chr 6: 3.15 – 3.16 Mb Chr 13: 34.26 – 34.26 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Luiz Velho

abstract: Luiz Carlos Pacheco Rodrigues Velho is a Brazilian applied mathematician working primarily on computer graphics and computer vision. He is a full researcher and professor at Instituto Nacional de Matemática Pura e Aplicada (IMPA) and leading scientist of VISGRAF, laboratory that conducts researches in the field of modeling, rendering, imaging, and animation. In 2010, Luiz Velho received the National Order of Scientific Merit for his scientific and technical contributions. In 2005, he was keynote speaker in Eurographics Symposium on Geometry Processing, in Vienna. His academic background includes a BE in industrial design from ESDI-UERJ, a specialization in computer science from PUC-Rio, a MS in computer graphics from the MIT Media Lab, a Ph.D. in computer science from the University of Toronto and a postdoctoral fellowship in applied mathematics from IMPA.

text:
# Luiz Velho

**Luiz Carlos Pacheco Rodrigues Velho** (born 5 June 1956) is a Brazilian applied mathematician working primarily on computer graphics and computer vision. He is a full researcher and professor at Instituto Nacional de Matemática Pura e Aplicada (IMPA) and leading scientist of VISGRAF, laboratory that conducts researches in the field of modeling, rendering, imaging, and animation.

In 2010, Luiz Velho received the National Order of Scientific Merit for his scientific and technical contributions. In 2005, he was keynote speaker in Eurographics Symposium on Geometry Processing, in Vienna.

His academic background includes a BE in industrial design from ESDI-UERJ, a specialization in computer science from PUC-Rio, a MS in computer graphics from the MIT Media Lab, a Ph.D. in computer science from the University of Toronto and a postdoctoral fellowship in applied mathematics from IMPA.

## Selected publications

* Luiz Velho and Jonas Gomes. "Digital Halftoning with Space Filling Curves". Computer Graphics, 25(4):81–90, 1991.
* Luiz Velho and Denis Zorin. "4-8 Subdivision". Computer-Aided Geometric Design, 18(5):397–427, 2001. Special Issue on Subdivision Techniques.
* Jingdan Zhang, Kun Zhou, Luiz Velho, Baining Guo, and Heung-Yeung. "Synthesis of Progressively Variant Textures on Arbitrary Surfaces". ACM Transactions on Graphics, 22(3):295–302, July 2003.

## InfoBox

| Luiz Velho | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1956-06-05) 5 June 1956<br>Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
| Known for | 4-8 Subdivision Scheme |
| Awards | National Order of Scientific Merit (2010) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Applied Mathematics |
| Institutions | IMPA |
| Thesis | *Piecewise Description of Implicit Surfaces and Solids*  (1994) |
| Doctoral advisor | Demetri Terzopoulos |
|  | |


title: Luigi Luvoni

abstract: Luigi Luvoni (1859–1904) was an Italian engineer and painter.

text:
# Luigi Luvoni

**Luigi Luvoni** (1859–1904) was an Italian engineer and painter.

## Biography

Born in Lombardy, he exhibited in 1883 at Milan: *Lasciami pregar vivo l'angelo che pinto amai*; inspired by the *Cantico dei Cantici* by Felice Cavallotti; *Due amici*; *Facciamo la pace*; *Fiori del' convento*. In 1883 at Rome, in 1883, *Garibaldi*; *Portrait of bambina*; and *Lungo il naviglio*; in 1884 at Turin, *Allo studio* ; *Al lavoro* ; and *Un dominò rosa*. In 1886 at Milan, he displayed: *I nostri bisnonni*; *Diana e Tom*; and *Bagnanti*. His wife, Giuseppina Lorioli, was the subject of a painting by Daniele Ranzoni. Luigi's portrait by Tranquillo Cremona is on display at the GAM of Milan. Luvoni collected artworks and his collection was endowed to city of Milan.


title: Tubabao

abstract: Tubabao is an island off the southeastern point of Samar. It is one of the islands comprising the town of Guiuan in the province of Eastern Samar, in east central Philippines. The island is located close to the town centre. During World War II, the island was part of Leyte-Samar Naval Base, which was utilized by the U.S. Navy.

text:
# Tubabao

**Tubabao** is an island off the southeastern point of Samar. It is one of the islands comprising the town of Guiuan in the province of Eastern Samar, in east central Philippines. The island is located close to the town centre.

During World War II, the island was part of Leyte-Samar Naval Base, which was utilized by the U.S. Navy.

## Refugees from Russia

Tubabao was used by the International Refugee Organization (IRO) in 1949 and 1950 to provide a temporary refuge for 6,000 Russian refugees escaping from China.

The Russians were survivors of the October Revolution and Russian Civil War, when the Russian monarchy was overthrown by the Bolsheviks. Some Russians managed to escape and took refuge in foreign lands.

Many of them moved to China, especially Harbin and Shanghai. Most of these refugees survived the Second World War but the communists took power in China and thus the IRO requested all countries around the world to provide accommodation to the Russians. The Philippines volunteered and offered Tubabao Island.

The Russian refugees later were granted to stay in the United States, Australia, Canada, and South American countries. Most refugees became citizens of the countries in which they settled.

## InfoBox

Tubabao
| Small lagoon on Tubabao Island | |
| --- | --- |
| TubabaoLocation within the Philippines | |
| Geography | |
| Coordinates | 11°02′42″N 125°41′46″E / 11.045°N 125.696°E / 11.045; 125.696 |
| Adjacent to | Philippine Sea |
| Administration | |
| **Philippines** | |
| Region | Eastern Visayas |
| Province | Eastern Samar |
| Municipality | Guiuan |


title: Tuba Özkan-Haller

abstract: Hatcem Tuba Özkan-Haller is a Turkish–American earth scientist who is a professor at Oregon State University. She currently holds the position of Dean of the College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences at Oregon State University. Her research makes use of numerical, field, lab and analytical approaches to comprehend physical processes in the nearshore ocean.

text:
# Tuba Özkan-Haller

**Hatcem Tuba Özkan-Haller** is a Turkish–American earth scientist who is a professor at Oregon State University. She currently holds the position of Dean of the College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences at Oregon State University. Her research makes use of numerical, field, lab and analytical approaches to comprehend physical processes in the nearshore ocean.

## Early life and education

Özkan-Haller is the daughter of an admiral in the Turkish navy and says that she had an oceanic upbringing. She studied civil engineering at the Boğaziçi University in Istanbul. She moved to the United States for graduate studies, where she earned a master's degree and a PhD in civil engineering at the University of Delaware. Her research considered the evolution of shear instabilities in longshore currents. After earning her doctorate, she moved to the University of Michigan, where she was on the faculty for three years.

## Research and career

Özkan-Haller joined Oregon State University in 2001. Her research looks to generate a predictive understanding of the ocean. She has investigated the impact of three-dimensional "surfzone" eddy currents and their role in distributing pollutants and marine organisms. She used Acoustic Doppler current profilers to make observations of surf zone mean currents and eddies, which she combined with numerical models.

Özkan-Haller has held positions at Oregon State including Associate Vice President for Research Administration and Development and Interim Dean. She serves on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Hydrographic Survey Review Panel and the United States Army Corps of Engineers Coastal Engineering Research Board. Additionally, she is involved in a National Science Foundation Advance Grant aiming to enhance the participation of women in earth sciences. She is part of an Advance Grant that looks to improve the participation of women in earth sciences.

## Awards and honors

* Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Award

## Selected publications

* Holman, R.; Stanley, J.; Ozkan-Haller, T. (October 2003). "Applying video sensor networks to nearshore environment monitoring". *IEEE Pervasive Computing*. **2** (4): 14–21. doi:10.1109/mprv.2003.1251165. ISSN 1536-1268.
* Lenee-Bluhm, Pukha; Paasch, Robert; Özkan-Haller, H. Tuba (August 2011). "Characterizing the wave energy resource of the US Pacific Northwest". *Renewable Energy*. **36** (8): 2106–2119. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2011.01.016. ISSN 0960-1481.
* Özkan-Haller, H. Tuba; Kirby, James T. (15 November 1999). "Nonlinear evolution of shear instabilities of the longshore current: A comparison of observations and computations". *Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans*. **104** (C11): 25953–25984. Bibcode:1999JGR...10425953O. doi:10.1029/1999jc900104. ISSN 0148-0227.

## InfoBox

| Hatcem Tuba Özkan-Haller | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Turkey |
| Alma mater | University of Delaware
Boğaziçi University |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Institutions | University of Michigan
Oregon State University |
| Thesis | *Nonlinear evolution of shear instabilities of the longshore current* (1998) |
|  | |
| Website | Official Website |


title: Luka Žagar

abstract: Luka Zagar is a Slovenian professional ice hockey player.

text:
# Luka Žagar

**Luka Zagar** (born June 25, 1978, in Ljubljana, Slovenia) is a Slovenian professional ice hockey player.

## Career statistics

### Austrian Hockey League

|  | Seasons | GP | Goals | Assists | Pts | PIM |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Regular season | 3 | 88 | 5 | 11 | 16 | 34 |
| Playoffs | 1 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |

## InfoBox

| Luka Žagar | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Born | (1978-06-25) June 25, 1978
Ljubljana, SR Slovenia, Yugoslavia | | |
| Height | 6 ft 0 in (183 cm) | | |
| Weight | 198 lb (90 kg; 14 st 2 lb) | | |
| Position | Left wing | | |
| Played for | HDD Olimpija Ljubljana
HK Slavija Ljubljana
HK Acroni Jesenice
Medveščak Zagreb | | |
| National team | Slovenia | | |
| Playing career | 19952010 | | |


title: Luka Špoljarić

abstract: Luka Špoljarić is a Serbian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Greek club Aiolikos.

text:
# Luka Špoljarić

**Luka Špoljarić** (born 13 September 1995) is a Serbian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Greek club Aiolikos.

## Career

Špoljarić joined the youth system of Serie A side Genoa in 2014. In 2017, he signed for Santarcangelo in Serie C, where he made eight league appearances. On 27 August 2017, Špoljarić debuted for Santarcangelo in a 1–0 loss to Pordenone.

## Career statistics

### Club

*As of match played 16 July 2021*

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
| Club | Season | League | | | National Cup | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Santarcangelo | 2017–18 | Serie C | 8 | 0 |  | | 8 | 0 |
| Apollon Pontou | 2018–19 | Football League | 10 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 13 | 0 |
| Slavia Sofia | 2018–19 | First Professional League | 2 | 0 |  | | 2 | 0 |
| Career total | | | 20 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 23 | 0 |

1. "Luka Spoljaric". *worldfootball.net*. HEIM:SPIEL Medien GmbH & Co. KG. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
2. "Esclusiva: Genoa, colpo Luka Spoljaric". *la bottega del calciofilo* (in Italian). 26 September 2014. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
3. "Fenomen pet prečki u Seriji A: Đenova dovela Srbina koji sa loptom more sve". mozzartsport.com.
4. Luka Špoljarić at Soccerway. Retrieved 20 July 2021.

## InfoBox

Luka Špoljarić
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1995-09-13) 13 September 1995 | | |
| Place of birth | Limassol, Cyprus | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Aiolikos | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 2014–2015 | Genoa | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2017–2018 | Santarcangelo | 8 | (0) |
| 2018–2019 | Apollon Pontou | 10 | (0) |
| 2019 | Slavia Sofia | 2 | (0) |
| 2019– | Aiolikos |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 15:48, 20 July 2021 (UTC) | | | |


title: Tryptophan tryptophylquinone

abstract: Tryptophan tryptophylquinone (TTQ) is an enzyme cofactor, generated by posttranslational modification of amino acids within the protein. Methylamine dehydrogenase (MADH), an amine dehydrogenase, requires TTQ for its catalytic function.

text:
# Tryptophan tryptophylquinone

**Tryptophan tryptophylquinone** (**TTQ**) is an enzyme cofactor, generated by posttranslational modification of amino acids within the protein. Methylamine dehydrogenase (MADH), an amine dehydrogenase, requires TTQ for its catalytic function.

## InfoBox

Tryptophan tryptophylquinone
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| IUPAC name 2-Amino-3-\[2-\[2-amino-3-(2-carboxyethyl)-6,7-dioxo-1*H*-indol-4-yl\]-1*H*-indol-3-yl\]propanoic acid | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| MeSH | Tryptophan+tryptophylquinone |
| PubChem CID |  |
| SMILES * C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=C(N2)C3=CC(=O)C(=O)C4=C3C(=C(N4)N)CCC(=O)O)CC(C(=O)O)N | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C22H20N4O6 |
| Molar mass | 436.424 g·mol−1 |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is YN ?)  Infobox references | |


title: Tryptophan operon leader

abstract: The Tryptophan operon leader is an RNA element found at the 5′ of some bacterial tryptophan operons. The leader sequence can form two different structures known as the terminator and the anti-terminator, based on the Tryptophan amounts in the cell. The leader also codes for very short peptide sequence that is rich in tryptophan. The terminator structure is recognised as a termination signal for RNA polymerase and the operon is not transcribed. This structure forms when the cell has an excess of tryptophan and ribosome movement over the leader transcript is not impeded. When there is a deficiency of the charged tryptophanyl tRNA the ribosome translating the leader peptide stalls and the antiterminator structure can form. This allows RNA polymerase to transcribe the operon. At least 6 different amino acid operons are known to be regulated by this attenuation.

text:
# Tryptophan operon leader

The **Tryptophan operon leader** is an RNA element found at the 5′ of some bacterial tryptophan operons. The leader sequence can form two different structures known as the terminator and the anti-terminator, based on the Tryptophan amounts in the cell. The leader also codes for very short peptide sequence that is rich in tryptophan. The terminator structure is recognised as a termination signal for RNA polymerase and the operon is not transcribed. This structure forms when the cell has an excess of tryptophan and ribosome movement over the leader transcript is not impeded. When there is a deficiency of the charged tryptophanyl tRNA the ribosome translating the leader peptide stalls and the antiterminator structure can form. This allows RNA polymerase to transcribe the operon.

At least 6 different amino acid operons are known to be regulated by this attenuation.

## Trp RNA-binding attenuation protein

The formation of the terminator requires the trp RNA-binding attenuation protein (TRAP protein) in species of *Bacillus* and related bacteria. This protein is encoded by the MtrB gene. TRAP protein forms an oligomer of 11 subunits, in the presence of tryptophan this binds to section of RNA containing 11 (G/U)AG repeats. This sequence overlaps the anti-terminator loop, thus TRAP-binding preventing formation of the anti-terminator loop. When TRAP is bound the terminator loop forms and the operon is not transcribed.

## Tryptophan RNA-binding attenuator protein inhibitory protein

Tryptophan RNA-binding attenuator protein inhibitory protein (Anti-TRAP protein or AT) is a short protein encoded by the rtpA in Bacillus. Synthesis of anti-TRAP is induced by uncharged tryptophan tRNA. Anti-TRAP binds to TRAP and inhibits its binding to the tryptophan operator leader. This causes the anti-terminator loop to form and the tryptophan operon to be transcribed.

## InfoBox

| Tryptophan operon leader | |
| --- | --- |
| Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of Trp\_leader | |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | Trp\_leader |
| Rfam | RF00513 |
| Other data | |
| RNA type | Cis-reg; leader |
| Domain(s) | Bacteria |
| SO | SO:0000233 |
| PDB structures | PDBe |


title: Tryptophanamidase

abstract:
In enzymology, a tryptophanamidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
  - L-tryptophanamide + H2O ⇌ L-tryptophan + NH3 Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-tryptophanamide and H2O, whereas its two products are L-tryptophan and NH3. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in linear amides. The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-tryptophanamide amidohydrolase. Other names in common use include tryptophan aminopeptidase, and L-tryptophan aminopeptidase. It employs one cofactor, manganese.

text:
# Tryptophanamidase

In enzymology, a **tryptophanamidase** (EC 3.5.1.57) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

L-tryptophanamide + H2O $\rightleftharpoons $ L-tryptophan + NH3

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-tryptophanamide and H2O, whereas its two products are L-tryptophan and NH3.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in linear amides. The systematic name of this enzyme class is **L-tryptophanamide amidohydrolase**. Other names in common use include **tryptophan aminopeptidase**, and **L-tryptophan aminopeptidase**. It employs one cofactor, manganese.

* Iwayama A, Kimura T, Adachi O, Ameyama M (1983). "Crystallization and characterization of a novel aminopeptidase from Trichosporon cutaneum". *Agric. Biol. Chem*. **47** (11): 2483–2493. doi:10.1271/bbb1961.47.2483.

## InfoBox

| tryptophanamidase | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| EC no. | 3.5.1.57 |
| CAS no. | 76689-19-5 |
| Databases | |
| IntEnz | IntEnz view |
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry |
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view |
| KEGG | KEGG entry |
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway |
| PRIAM | profile |
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum |
| Gene Ontology | AmiGO / QuickGO |
| Search  PMC articles  PubMed articles  NCBI proteins | |


title: Tryptophan repressor

abstract: Tryptophan repressor is a transcription factor involved in controlling amino acid metabolism. It has been best studied in Escherichia coli, where it is a dimeric protein that regulates transcription of the 5 genes in the tryptophan operon. When the amino acid tryptophan is plentiful in the cell, it binds to the protein, which causes a conformational change in the protein. The repressor complex then binds to its operator sequence in the genes it regulates, shutting off the genes. One of the genes regulated by trp repressor, trpR, codes for the tryptophan repressor protein itself. This is a form of feedback regulation. However, these genes are located on different operons. The (tryptophan) repressor is a 25 kD protein homodimer which regulates transcription of the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway in bacteria. There are 5 operons which are regulated by trpR: the trpEDCBA, trpR, AroH, AroL, and mtr operons.

text:
# Tryptophan repressor

| Trp operon repressor | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| Organism | *Escherichia coli* |
| Symbol | trpR |
| Entrez | 948917 |
| RefSeq (Prot) | NP\_418810 |
| UniProt | P0A881 |
| Other data | |
| Chromosome | *genome: 4.63 - 4.63 Mb* |
| Search for  Structures Swiss-model  Domains InterPro | |

**Tryptophan repressor** (or **trp repressor**) is a transcription factor involved in controlling amino acid metabolism. It has been best studied in *Escherichia coli*, where it is a dimeric protein that regulates transcription of the 5 genes in the tryptophan operon. When the amino acid tryptophan is plentiful in the cell, it binds to the protein, which causes a conformational change in the protein. The repressor complex then binds to its operator sequence in the genes it regulates, shutting off the genes.

One of the genes regulated by trp repressor, trpR, codes for the tryptophan repressor protein itself. This is a form of feedback regulation. However, these genes are located on different operons.

The (tryptophan) repressor is a 25 kD protein homodimer which regulates transcription of the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway in bacteria. There are 5 operons which are regulated by trpR: the *trpEDCBA*, *trpR*, *AroH*, *AroL*, and *mtr* operons.

## Mechanism

When the amino acid tryptophan is in plentiful supply in the cell, trpR binds 2 molecules of tryptophan, which alters its structure and dynamics so that it becomes able to bind to operator DNA. When this occurs, transcription of the DNA is prevented, suppressing the products of the gene - proteins which make more tryptophan. When the cellular levels of tryptophan decline, the tryptophan molecules on the repressor fall off, allowing the repressor to return to its inactive form.

trpR also controls the regulation of its own production, through regulation of the *trpR* gene.

The structure of the ligand-bound holorepressor, and the ligand-free forms have been determined by both X-ray crystallography and NMR.

The trp operon consists of a regulatory gene, a promoter, an operator, and a terminator. The trp operon is active only when cellular tryptophan is scarce. If there isn't enough tryptophan, the repressor protein breaks off from the operator (where the repressor is normally bound) and RNA polymerase can complete its reading of the strand of DNA. If the RNA polymerase reaches the terminator (at the end of the DNA strand), the enzymes for tryptophan biosynthesis are expressed.

## InfoBox

| Trp repressor protein | |
| --- | --- |
| Ribbon diagram of the trpR protein | |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | Trp\_repressor |
| Pfam | PF01371 |
| Pfam clan | CL0123 |
| InterPro | IPR000831 |
| SCOP2 | 2wrp / SCOPe / SUPFAM |
| Available protein structures:  Pfam structures / ECOD  PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj  PDBsum structure summary | |


title: Luochong Lu

abstract: The Luochong lu or Record of Naked Creatures was a Chinese Ming dynasty gazetteer which discussed foreign countries and cultures. Updated from the earlier text Yiyu tuzhi, which was in turn based on the fourteenth-century Yiwu Zhi, the Luochong lu was a popular work during the Ming era and was reprinted many times, both as a standalone title and within anthologies and encyclopedias. The text was printed from woodblocks, with illustrations. Although the content dealt primarily with nations outside China itself, there were entries for ethnic groups within China, as well as for mythical countries. It covered the Asian subcontinent, Africa, Europe and the Middle East. Both the illustrations and the content served to encourage a divide between the ethnic Chinese and the other races listed, emphasising the "animal" nature of the non-Chinese groups discussed.

text:
# Luochong Lu

The ***Luochong lu*** (Chinese: 臝蟲錄; Wade–Giles: *Lo-ch'ung-lu*) or ***Record of Naked Creatures*** was a Chinese Ming dynasty gazetteer which discussed foreign countries and cultures.

Updated from the earlier text *Yiyu tuzhi* (*Illustrated Account of Foreign Lands*), which was in turn based on the fourteenth-century *Yiwu Zhi* (*Account of Foreign Lands*), the *Luochong lu* was a popular work during the Ming era and was reprinted many times, both as a standalone title and within anthologies and encyclopedias. The text was printed from woodblocks, with illustrations. Although the content dealt primarily with nations outside China itself, there were entries for ethnic groups within China, as well as for mythical countries. It covered the Asian subcontinent, Africa, Europe and the Middle East.

Both the illustrations and the content served to encourage a divide between the ethnic Chinese and the other races listed, emphasising the "animal" nature of the non-Chinese groups discussed.


title: Tunker House

abstract: Tunker House, also known as the Yount-Zigler House, is a historic home located in Broadway, Rockingham County, Virginia. The house consists of a two-story, three-bay, brick main block, with a brick and frame rear ell. The brick portion of the rear ell is the oldest section and dates to about 1798. It was later raised to a full two stories in the 1830s. The main block was added between 1802 and 1806. From the early-19th century until 1830 the house was used for worship services by the Pre-split U.S. Schwarzenau Brethren community now represented by German Baptists, Old Brethren,. It was the home of impactful Brethren elder and author, Peter Nead (1796-1877). He lived here from the time he married Elizabeth, daughter of the builder Benjamin Yount, in 1825, until 1839. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.

text:
# Tunker House

**Tunker House**, also known as the **Yount-Zigler House**, is a historic home located in Broadway, Rockingham County, Virginia. The house consists of a two-story, three-bay, brick main block, with a brick and frame rear ell. The brick portion of the rear ell is the oldest section and dates to about 1798. It was later raised to a full two stories in the 1830s. The main block was added between 1802 and 1806.

From the early-19th century until 1830 the house was used for worship services by the Pre-split U.S. Schwarzenau Brethren community now represented by German Baptists, Old Brethren, (or Tunker, now Dunkard Brethren). It was the home of impactful Brethren elder and author, Peter Nead (1796-1877). He lived here from the time he married Elizabeth, daughter of the builder Benjamin Yount, in 1825, until 1839.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Tunker House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| Virginia Landmarks Register | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 411 Lindsay Avenue, Broadway, Virginia 22815 |
| Coordinates | 38°36′15″N 78°47′55″W / 38.60417°N 78.79861°W / 38.60417; -78.79861 |
| Area | 9.9 acres (4.0 ha) |
| Built | c. 1798 (1798), 1802-1806 |
| Architect | Yount, Benjamin |
| NRHP reference No. | 71000989 |
| VLR No. | 177-5004 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | July 2, 1971 |
| Designated VLR | March 2, 1971 |


title: Lungotevere dei Sangallo

abstract: Lungotevere dei Sangallo is the stretch of lungotevere between ponte Mazzini and ponte Principe Amedeo Savoia Aosta, in Rome, rioni Ponte and Regola. This lungotevere is dedicated to the four Sangallo, florentine, all architects active in Rome during the Renaissance. It was instituted with law of 20 July 1887. On the road one can see the rear of some palaces whose main facade lie along via Giulia or along adjacent blocks : the Carceri Nuove, the Oratorio del Gonfalone, Palazzo Sacchetti, via Bravarìa.

text:
# Lungotevere dei Sangallo

**Lungotevere dei Sangallo** is the stretch of lungotevere between ponte Mazzini and ponte Principe Amedeo Savoia Aosta, in Rome, rioni Ponte and Regola.

This lungotevere is dedicated to the four Sangallo (Antonio Giamberti, Giuliano, Francesco and Antonio Cordiani), florentine, all architects active in Rome during the Renaissance. It was instituted with law of 20 July 1887.

On the road one can see the rear of some palaces whose main facade lie along via Giulia or along adjacent blocks : the Carceri Nuove, the Oratorio del Gonfalone, Palazzo Sacchetti, via Bravarìa.

1. Rendina-Paradisi (2004), p. 1158
2. "Lungotevere dei Sangallo". Retrieved 20 September 2010.

## Sources

* Rendina, Claudio; Paradisi, Donatella (2004). *Le strade di Roma. 3rd volume P-Z*. Newton Compton Editori, Rome. ISBN 88-541-0209-1.


title: Lungotevere dei Vallati

abstract: Lungotevere dei Vallati is the part of the lungotevere connecting Piazza San Vincenzo Pallotti and Ponte Sisto to Via Arenula and Ponte Garibaldi in Rome, in the rione Regola. The Lungotevere is dedicated to the Vallati, an ancient and noble Roman family; it was established by resolution of 20 July 1887. There lies the villino Scafi, designed by Filippo Galassi and realized in 1886.

text:
# Lungotevere dei Vallati

**Lungotevere dei Vallati** is the part of the lungotevere connecting Piazza San Vincenzo Pallotti and Ponte Sisto to Via Arenula and Ponte Garibaldi in Rome, in the rione Regola.

The Lungotevere is dedicated to the Vallati, an ancient and noble Roman family; it was established by resolution of 20 July 1887.

There lies the villino Scafi, designed by Filippo Galassi and realized in 1886.

1. Rendina-Paradisi (2004), p. 1317
2. "Lungotevere dei Vallati". Retrieved 21 September 2010.

## Sources

* Rendina, Claudio; Paradisi, Donatella (2004). *Le strade di Roma. 3rd volume P-Z*. Newton Compton Editori, Rome. ISBN 88-541-0209-1.


title: Vinay Bihari

abstract:
Vinay Bihari is a politician and film director from Bihar. He has won the Bihar Legislative Assembly election in 2010 and 2015 from Lauriya Assembly constituency, Lauriya.
Vinay continuously won 3 elections from the Lauriya assembly constituency of Bihar. 1st election he won was as an independent candidate in 2010 and then he joined BJP and won continuously two elections in 2015 and 2020 on the ticket of Bharatiya Janata Party. He defeated Rankaushal Pratap Singh of RJD who got 39778 votes. Vinay Bihari got 57,351 votes in that election. On 1 March 2017, Bihari ended a months-long protest in which he called for the government to build a 44  km road in his constituency by stripping to his underwear. In the 2020 Bihar Elections, Bihari contested with the BJP from the Lauriya constituency and defeated RJD's leading campaigner by a very small margin.

text:
# Vinay Bihari

**Vinay Bihari** (born 5 January 1970 ) is a politician and film director from Bihar. He has won the Bihar Legislative Assembly election in 2010 and 2015 from Lauriya Assembly constituency, Lauriya. Vinay continuously won 3 elections from the Lauriya assembly constituency of Bihar. 1st election he won was as an independent candidate in 2010 and then he joined BJP and won continuously two elections in 2015 and 2020 on the ticket of Bharatiya Janata Party. He defeated Rankaushal Pratap Singh of RJD who got 39778 votes. Vinay Bihari got 57,351 votes in that election.

On 1 March 2017, Bihari ended a months-long protest in which he called for the government to build a 44  km road in his constituency by stripping to his underwear.

In the 2020 Bihar Elections, Bihari contested with the BJP from the Lauriya constituency and defeated RJD's leading campaigner by a very small margin.

## InfoBox

| Vinay Bihari | |
| --- | --- |
| Vinay Bihari 2020 | |
|  | |
| Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
2010 | |
| Preceded by | Pradeep Singh |
| Constituency | Lauriya |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1970-01-05) 5 January 1970
Bihar, India |
| Political party | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| Occupation |  |
|  | |