title: Polymer-protein hybrid

abstract: Polymer-protein hybrids are a class of nanostructure composed of protein-polymer conjugates. The protein component generally gives the advantages of biocompatibility and biodegradability, as many proteins are produced naturally by the body and are therefore well tolerated and metabolized. Although proteins are used as targeted therapy drugs, the main limitations—the lack of stability and insufficient circulation times still  remain. Therefore, protein-polymer conjugates have been investigated to further enhance pharmacologic behavior and stability. By adjusting the chemical structure of the protein-polymer conjugates, polymer-protein particles with unique structures and functions, such as stimulus responsiveness, enrichment in specific tissue types, and enzyme activity, can be synthesized. Polymer-protein particles have been the focus of much research recently because they possess potential uses including bioseparations, imaging, biosensing, gene and drug delivery.

text:
# Polymer-protein hybrid

**Polymer-protein hybrids** are a class of nanostructure composed of protein-polymer conjugates (i.e. complexes composed of one protein attached to one or more polymer chains). The protein component generally gives the advantages of biocompatibility and biodegradability, as many proteins are produced naturally by the body and are therefore well tolerated and metabolized. Although proteins are used as targeted therapy drugs, the main limitations—the lack of stability and insufficient circulation times still remain. Therefore, protein-polymer conjugates have been investigated to further enhance pharmacologic behavior and stability. By adjusting the chemical structure of the protein-polymer conjugates, polymer-protein particles with unique structures and functions, such as stimulus responsiveness, enrichment in specific tissue types, and enzyme activity, can be synthesized. Polymer-protein particles have been the focus of much research recently because they possess potential uses including bioseparations, imaging, biosensing, gene and drug delivery.

## Types

### Single chain protein-polymer hybrids

Attaching a single polymer chain to a specific site away from the active center of the protein has less impact on protein activity compared with random attachments. In practice, attaching a single polymer chain can be used to adjust chemical properties of the therapeutic protein. For example, conjugation of a single chain of the hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) can increase the hydrodynamic radius of the protein conjugate by 5-10 fold. Attachment to PEG was mainly achieved by covalent conjugation via the grafting to strategy, targeting chemo-selective anchor groups. Other polymers, such as oligosaccharides and polypeptides, offer different properties to the enzymes attached to them.

### Stimuli responsive hybrids

#### Heat

Researchers conjugated the thermo-responsive polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm) with the biotin-recognizing protein streptavidin close to its recognition site. At temperatures above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), the polymer collapses and blocks the binding site, thus reversibly preventing biotin from binding to streptavidin. By copolymerization with two different thermosensitive polymers poly(sulfobetaine methacrylamide) (pSBAm) and pNIPAm together, researchers can control enzyme activity in a small temperature window.

#### Light

((N,N'-dimethylacrylamide)-co-4-phenylazophenyl acrylate) at the active site of endoglycanase creates a photoswitchable protein hybrid. The resulting hybrid catalyzes the hydrolysis of glycoside when irradiated by 350 nm UV light, but turns inactive under 420 nm visible light depending on the conformation of the conjugated polymer.

### Polymer shell protein core

A polymer shell is formed by conjugation of multiple molecules of polymers onto the protein core. The polymer shell can either protect the protein core from unwanted degradation or create desired interactive sites for guest molecules. The first generation of polymer shell protein core structures mainly used of Polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains to increase the hydrodynamic radius and reduce immune response to proteins. However, the PEG shell can reduce protein activity in the inner core. More advanced designs use biodegradable linkers to achieve programmed release of the protein core in specific tissues. Several therapeutic designs with biodegradable PEG shells are already being developed *in vivo*.

Direct conjugation of polymers ("grafting to" strategy) can efficiently construct a polymer shell with diverse polymer types, however, it has low polymer density, especially with large polymers. In contrast, "grafting from" strategy allows the formation of a dense and uniform polymer shell. The protein core can also function as a carrier for other therapeutic molecules, such as plasmid DNA.

Dendrite polymer shells have a high volume to molecular weight ratio compared with traditional polymer shells. Using branched carbohydrates can give unique biological properties while maintaining molecular definition.

### Non-covalent conjugation

Although covalent conjugation has been the dominant strategy for constructing polymer-protein hybrids, noncovalent chemistry can add another level of complexity and provides the opportunity to create higher-ordered structures. Specifically, self-assembly by non-covalent interactions is progressing rapidly. Supramolecular self-assembly can create nanoparticles, vesicles/micelles, protein cages, etc. Metal-binding interactions, host-guest, and boronic acid-based chemistries are widely studied as non-covalent conjugation methods to create polymer-protein hybrids.

### Polymer-Streptavidin system

Streptavidin is a protein purified from the bacterium *Streptomyces avidinii*, which has a high affinity for biotin. By covalently linking streptavidin and polymers, well defined supramolecular constructs can be created due to the high specificity of

Streptavidin for both biotin and its analogues.

Building upon the covalent core shell strategy, several polymer–streptavidin systems have been developed for affinity separation, bio-sensors and diagnostic applications due to the robust binding conditions and stability of the protein.

Streptavidin can be used as a macro-initiator for in situ ATRP, through grafting from strategy, a stoichiometrically well defined polymer-protein conjugate can be synthesized. Polymer streptavidin systems can also be empowered to cross the cellular membrane by conjugating with cell penetrating molecules such as peptides and membrane disturbing polymers.

Polymer streptavidin systems can also be modulated to respond to certain environmental changes such as pH. By incorporating pH responsive poly(propylacrylic acid) (PPAAc) into the system, tumor cell suppressor p53 and cytochrome C can be delivered into cancer cells efficiently.

For biomolecules that are not hampered by the biotin-streptavidin interaction, iminobiotin, an analogue of biotin, has been applied as a pH-sensitive linker that allows the controlled and reversible assembly and intracellular release of cargo molecules in acidic intracellular compartments.

### Protein-polymer hybrid supramolecular structures

Polymer-protein conjugates can also form a higher ordered supramolecular structure via self-assembly of amphiphilic polymers into micelles and microcapsules, which is one of the most promising strategies to generate drug delivery systems. Such systems have the innate advantage of rapid preparation, a high drug loading capacity, ease of surface decoration, and the potential to be stimuli responsive.

#### Micelles

Micelles refers to a type of supramolecular structure consisting of amphiphilic molecules self-assemblies, usually hollow centered. Researchers successfully conjugated a diblock copolymer site specifically onto GFP, the resulting amphiphilic polymer-protein conjugate is capable of reversible self-assembly into micelles.

In addition to retaining the native globular shape of proteins, the polypeptide backbone of denatured proteins can also be utilized to be conjugated with hydrophilic polymer chains to generate higher ordered structure through hydrophobic interactions. For example, nanoconjugates of poly-ethylene glycol(PEG) and denatured bovine serum albumin(BSA) will spontaneously self-assemble into a micellar structure, whose protein core can adsorb high numbers of hydrophobic drugs.

#### Nanoparticles

An efficient way to synthesize protein-polymer hybrid nanoparticles is to take advantage of photoinitiated reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization-induced self-assembly(PISA) by using multi-RAFT modified bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a macromolecular chain transfer agent. RAFT mediated growth of the PHPMA chains will graft from the BSA-RAFT, and increase the hydrophobicity of the star BSA−PHPMA conjugates. At the critical aggregation concentration, they form nanoparticles due to the hydrophobic interactions. The resulting nanoparticles show excellent encapsulation capability for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules, such as cancer drugs and DNA.

A rather easy method to prepare protein-polymer hybrid nanoparticles is nanoprecipitation. Spherical nanoparticles composed of BSA-PMMA with diameters of around 100 nm were obtained and the water insoluble chemotherapeutic drug camptothecin was encapsulated within the hydrophobic core consisting of PMMA. Such protein-polymer hybrid nanoparticles possess tunable sizes and surface charges, have attractive bio-compatibilities and allow efficient cell uptake. Camptothecin-encapsulated BSA-PMMA nanoparticles revealed enhanced anti-tumor activity both in vitro and in animals.

Beyond the nanoscale, protein-polymer conjugate could also be used as building blocks for constructing more complicated structures such as microcapsules through hydrophobic interactions. By performing pickering emulsion technique to process BSA–pNIPAm nanoconjugates into hollowed microcapsules consisting of a closely packed monolayer of conjugated protein–polymer building blocks (named proteinosomes). These proteinosomes exhibit protocellular properties such as guest molecule encapsulation, selective permeability, controllable mobilization, gene-directed protein synthesis and membrane-gated internalized enzyme catalysis.

Based on the above-mentioned method, a multi responsive microcapsule has been synthesized by incorporating photoswitchable spiropyran units and the thermoresponsive monomer N-isopropylacrylamide into the membrane. Stimuli responsive membrane exhibited advantages in the capture and release of different-molecular-weight products by opening and closing the photoresponsive spiropyran ligands, under body temperature, room temperature, UV, redox.

Another effective way to modulate the permeability of microcapsules was based on a *self-sacrificing* strategy. By selectively using lysozyme and BSA as building blocks as well as *self-sacrificing* components, the corresponding pores could be generated in the membrane, and then the permeability of the generated microcapsules could be increased from10 kDa to 22 kDa and then to 71 kDa. By loading FITC-Lys (14 kDa), RBITCdextran (70 kDa) and DNA (90 kDa) into the microcapsules, a programmed release of the encapsulants from low molecular weight to high molecular weight was realized.

Using similar strategy, pH-sensitive protein-polymer microcapsules were developed. Both doxycycline (DOX) and folic acid were incorporated onto the surface of protein covalently. The very low toxicity of polymer-protein nanoconjugates effectively avoided the high toxicity of DOX, which is expected to not only reduce toxic side effects, but also improve anticancer efficiency in vitro examinations.

### Protein Nanocages

Protein nanocages are natural nanocarriers composed of protein subunits with a porous structure. They benefit from monodispersity, intrinsic high stability for protection of internalized drugs from enzymatic degradation and controllable assembly for cargo loading and release.

However, their application might be blocked by immunogenicity, broad biodistribution and significant function and property variations. The incorporation of polymer chains by performing in situ ATRP on the outer surface of or inside the protein nanocages can be an effective way to mitigate those drawbacks. For example, increased loading density of cargo molecules and enhanced stability of the cage assembly can be obtained via internal ATRP inside the cavity of the virus capsid.

Beyond virus type particles, large multimeric proteins such as the iron storage protein ferritin have emerged as attractive tools to be used as well-defined nano-containers. Using a grafting from strategy, polymers can be introduced to ferritin in a highly regular fashion for precise spatial control. These polymer–ferritin constructs exhibited protease resistance, enabling longer retention time within the bloodstream while reducing possible antibody interactions.

## Properties

Polymer-Protein nanoparticles not only contain the traditional properties of nanoparticles, but also have their own unique properties based on the properties of specific proteins. Because they are proteinaceous, they have high biocompatibility, biodegradability and biofunctionality. Protein-polymer bioconjugates which is the building block of Polymer-Protein hybrids exhibit a unique array of properties such as: light-switching effects, acoustic signal capture, thermal energy transfer, and magnetic signal response.

## Synthesis

### Synthesis of Polymer-Protein hybrids

Generally, Polymer-Protein hybrids can be synthesized by interfacial self-assembly of protein–polymer conjugates in emulsions.

#### Grafting to

Grafting to approach which is the most common and straightforward methodology refers to directly attaching the synthetic polymers to the target protein. This technique can be engineered for site-specific or random conjugation and, when compared to other conjugation methods, provides simple and thorough characterization of polymer before conjugation. And when using this method, the protein remains unaffected by polymerization methods.

#### Grafting from

As shown in the figure, a protein is firstly conjugated with the initiator and the polymer chain then grows from the protein core in a controlled manner via living polymerization. Likewise, to the earlier discussed methods, grafting from approach can be designed for site-specific or random attachment.

#### Grafting through

Not like the grafting from and grafting to approach which can conjugate several polymers onto one protein core, the grafting through approach enables several proteins to connect to one polymer chain due to the multivalent nature of protein.

## Application

### Thermoresponsive protein–polymer particles

Thermoresponsive conjugates have been exploited for the subsequent separation of proteins from a complex mixture. This method has been utilized to purify polyclonal antibodies in serum samples. This method of purification is rapid, sensitive, inexpensive and could be used to purify various types of antibodies.

Thermoresponsive conjugates can also be exploited to mediate bioactivity. One of the utilities of the method is demonstrated temperature control of biotin binding and release. Biotin binding was observed below the LCST, while above the LCST the conjugates aggregated, and the biotin binding affinity was reduced by ~20%. By changing the temperature, the recovery of the biotinylated molecules can be achieved.

### Protein–polymer particles designed for drug delivery

The absorption of proteins for particles in physiological fluids can greatly affect the subsequent medical performance of particles in vivo. Nonspecific protein adsorption can be controlled in vivo by modifying the nanoparticle surface with a non-toxic, biocompatible protein possessing tolerable antigenic properties such as albumin.

The high recognition ability of proteins can enable high delivery efficiency. Protein-polymer particles have potential to deliver drugs to specific regions of the body using the inherent biorecognition property at the protein interface. Additionally, in some cases the presentation of specific proteins on nanoparticle surfaces can be useful for aiding passage through impermeable biological barriers.

### Particles designed for other biomedical and biotechnology applications

#### Nanoreactors

Enzyme-catalyzed reactions can be performed at higher temperatures using enzyme-immobilized nanoparticles, in which the presence of multiple proteins at the nanoparticle surface facilitates the retention of water molecules limiting the denaturation of the attached proteins. After modification with poly(amide), protein activity could remain unchanged over 500 min at 50 °C, while the half-life time of the native lipase at 50 °C is only 30 min in aqueous solution. Immobilized enzymes on nanoparticles can significantly improve the efficiency of enzyme reactions by increasing tolerance to a wider range of experimental conditions without significantly reducing biological activity. Besides, polymer-protein particles are reported to control the activity of proteins and compartmentalize different enzymes to perform multi-step reactions.

#### Protein purification and separation

By immobilizing proteins to polymer nanoparticles or polymer/inorganic hybrid nanoparticles (such as polymer-stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles), proteins or their affinity ligands can be separated from complex solutions by applying magnetic fields or centrifugation. Lipase attached to iron oxide nanoparticles maintained 85% biological activity after 30 reaction and separation cycles.

As the appropriate target is combined with magnetic nanoparticles, the selected target can be magnetically separated directly from natural biological fluids, which offers a fast, gentle, extensible, and easy to automate separation technique. The simplicity of magnetic separation has been applied in a number of disciplines, including mineral processing wastewater treatment, molecular biology, cell sorting, and clinical diagnostics.

#### Protocells

Microcapsules termed protocells prepared by polymer-protein hybrids are the hotspot of the research area recently, enabling various functions such as bioreactors, cascade system and multiresponsive membranes, etc.

---


title: Septimal third tone

abstract: A septimal 1/3-tone is an interval with the ratio of 28:27, which is the difference between the perfect fourth and the supermajor third. It is about 62.96 cents wide. The septimal 1/3-tone can be viewed either as a musical interval in its own right, or as a comma; if it is tempered out in a given tuning system, the distinction between these two intervals is lost. The septimal 1/3-tone may be derived from the harmonic series as the interval between the twenty-seventh and twenty-eighth harmonics. It may be considered a diesis. The septimal 1/3-tone, along with the septimal diesis is tempered out by five-tone equal temperament, and equal temperaments which divide the octave into a small multiple of 5 steps, such as 15-TET and 25-TET. This family of scales is known as Blackwood temperament in honor of Easley Blackwood, Jr., who first analyzed 10-note subsets of 15-TET that take advantage of the temperament. When added to the 15:14 semitone, the 21:20 semitone and 28:27 semitone produce the 9:8 tone and 10:9 tone, respectively. It is the difference between 7/6 and 9/8.

text:
# Septimal third tone

A **septimal 1/3-tone** (in music) is an interval with the ratio of 28:27, which is the difference between the perfect fourth and the supermajor third. It is about 62.96 cents wide. The septimal 1/3-tone can be viewed either as a musical interval in its own right, or as a comma; if it is tempered out in a given tuning system, the distinction between these two intervals is lost. The septimal 1/3-tone may be derived from the harmonic series as the interval between the twenty-seventh and twenty-eighth harmonics. It may be considered a diesis.

The septimal 1/3-tone, along with the septimal diesis is tempered out by five-tone equal temperament, and equal temperaments which divide the octave into a small multiple of 5 steps, such as 15-TET and 25-TET. This family of scales is known as Blackwood temperament in honor of Easley Blackwood, Jr., who first analyzed 10-note subsets of 15-TET that take advantage of the temperament.

When added to the 15:14 semitone, the 21:20 semitone and 28:27 semitone produce the 9:8 tone (major tone) and 10:9 tone (minor tone), respectively.

It is the difference between 7/6 and 9/8 (*tritē* and *paramesē*).

## Septimal sixth tone

The **septimal sixth tone**, also called the **jubilisma**, is a 7-limit musical interval approximately the size of 1/6 of a whole tone (203.91/6=33.99 cents). An interval with the ratio of 50:49 (), about 34.98 cents, which in just intonation is the difference between the lesser septimal (7:5) tritone, and its inversion, the greater septimal tritone (10:7). This interval is tempered out by 12-TET and 22-TET, but not by 19-TET, 31-TET or any other odd division of the octave.


title: Poplog

abstract: Poplog is a reflective, incrementally compiled software development computer programming integrated development environment and system platform for the programming languages POP-11, Common Lisp, Prolog, and Standard ML. It was created originally in the United Kingdom for teaching and research in artificial intelligence, at the University of Sussex, and later marketed as a commercial package for software development, teaching, and research. It was one of the initiatives supported for a time by the UK government-funded Alvey Programme. It was licensed originally from 1982 to 1999, as proprietary software, then released in 1999 as open-source software, under a mix of MIT and then XFree86 licenses.

text:
# Poplog

**Poplog** is a reflective, incrementally compiled software development computer programming integrated development environment and system platform for the programming languages POP-11, Common Lisp, Prolog, and Standard ML. It was created originally in the United Kingdom for teaching and research in artificial intelligence, at the University of Sussex, and later marketed as a commercial package for software development, teaching, and research. It was one of the initiatives supported for a time by the UK government-funded Alvey Programme.

It was licensed originally from 1982 to 1999, as proprietary software, then released in 1999 as open-source software, under a mix of MIT and then XFree86 licenses.

## History

After an incremental compiler for Prolog had been added to an implementation of POP-11, the name POPLOG was adopted, to reflect that the expanded system supported programming in both languages. The name was retained, as a trade mark of the University of Sussex, when the system was later (mid 1980s) extended with incremental compilers for Common Lisp and Standard ML based on a set of tools for implementing new languages in the Poplog Virtual Machine. The user-accessible incremental-compiler tools that allow compilers for all these languages to be added also allow extensions to be made within a language to provide new abilities that cannot be added via standard macros that merely allow new text to be equivalent to a longer portion of old text.

For some time after 1983, Poplog was sold and supported internationally as a commercial product, on behalf of the University of Sussex by Systems Designers Ltd (SDL), whose name changed as ownership changed. The main development work continued to be done by a small team at Sussex University until 1998, while marketing, sales, and support (except for UK academic users, who dealt directly with the Sussex team) was done by SDL and its successors (SD, then SD-Scicon then Electronic Data Systems (EDS)) until 1991. At that time a management buy-out produced a spin-off company Integral Solutions Ltd (ISL), to sell and support Poplog in collaboration with Sussex University, who retained the rights to the name 'Poplog' and were responsible for the core software development while it was a commercial product. In 1992 ISL and Sussex University won a "Smart Award" in recognition of Poplog sales worth $5M. ISL and its clients used Poplog for many development projects, especially ISL's data-mining system Clementine, mostly implemented in POP-11, using powerful graphical tools implemented also in POP-11 running on the X Window System. Clementine was so successful that in 1998 ISL was bought by SPSS Inc who had been selling the statistics and data-mining package SPSS for which they needed a better graphical interface suited to expert and non-expert users. SPSS did not wish to sell and support Poplog as such, so Poplog then became available as a free open source software package, hosted at the University of Birmingham, which had also been involved in development after 1991. Later IBM bought SPSS and Clementine is now marketed and supported as SPSS Modeler.

## Supported languages

Poplog's core language is POP-11. It is used to implement the other languages, all of them incrementally compiled, with an integrated common editor. In the Linux/Unix versions, POP-11 provides support for 2-D graphics via .

Poplog supports incrementally compiled versions of Common Lisp, POP-11, Prolog, and Standard ML. A separate package implemented by Robin Popplestone supports a version of Scheme.

Poplog has been used both for academic research and teaching in artificial intelligence and also to develop several commercial products, apart from Clementine. In 1992, ISL and Sussex University won an ICP Million Dollar award in recognition of Poplog exceeding sales of US$5 million.

## Platforms

POP-11 was at first implemented on a DEC PDP-11 computer in 1976, and was ported to VAX/VMS in 1980. It became Poplog around 1982. Although the first commercial sales were for VAX/VMS, from the mid-1980s, the main Poplog development work was done on Sun SPARC computers running Solaris, although several different versions were sold, including versions for HP-UX and a 64-bit version of Poplog for DEC Alpha running Digital UNIX. After about 1999, when Poplog became available as free, open source, most development work was done on the Linux version, including porting to 64-bit Linux. A partial port to Mac OS X on PowerPC was done in 2005.

There is a version for Windows, originally developed to support Clementine, but the Unix/Linux graphical subsystem does not work on Windows Poplog. The Windows version of Clementine depended on a commercial package that supported  functionality on Windows.

There is also an open source project which aimed to produce a more platform neutral version of Poplog, including Windows. The most recent development by this project includes a web server component for integrating into Poplog applications, and the OpenPoplog Widget Collection for supporting client user interfaces running in a web browser. A more narrowly focused open source Poplog project, restricted to the 64-bit AMD64/X86-64 architecture was set up on GitHub by Waldek Hebisch: . This is now the basis of Poplog Version 16 hosted at the University of Birmingham .

Additional information about the history and features of Poplog can be found in the entries for POP-2 and POP-11. The chief architect of Poplog, responsible for many innovations related to making an incrementally compiled system portable, and providing support for a collection of languages was John Gibson, at Sussex University, though the earliest work was done by Steve Hardy. Chris Mellish helped with the initial Prolog implementation in POP-11. John Williams, working under supervision of Jonathan Cunningham implemented the Common Lisp subsystem. Robert Duncan and Simon Nichols added Standard ML. Between about 1980 and 1991, the project was managed by Aaron Sloman, until he went to the University of Birmingham, though he continued to collaborate with Sussex and ISL on Poplog development after that. Since 1999, he has been responsible for the main Poplog web site, as well as some of the extensions to be found there, listed under POP-11.

## Implementation

The Prolog subset of Poplog is implemented using the extendable incremental compiler of POP-11, the core language of Poplog, which is a general purpose Lisp-like language with a more conventional syntax. The implementation required the Poplog Virtual Machine to be extended to provide support for Prolog continuations, Prolog variables, the Prolog *trail* (recording undoable variable bindings), and Prolog terms. The implementation was constrained by the need to allow data-structures to be shared with the other Poplog languages, especially POP-11 and Common Lisp, thereby providing support for a mixture of programming styles.

## InfoBox

Poplog
| Original author(s) | Robin Popplestone, Steve Hardy, Chris Mellish, Aaron Sloman, John Williams, Robert Duncan, Simon Nichols, John Gibson |
| --- | --- |
| Developer(s) | University of Sussex
Systems Designers Ltd.
Integral Solutions Ltd.
University of Birmingham |
| Initial release | 1982 (1982) |
|  | |
| Stable release | 16 / January 2020 (2020-01) |
|  | |
| Repository | getpoplog.github.io |
| Written in | POP-11 |
| Operating system | Cross-platform: VMS, Unix, Linux, Mac OS X, Windows |
| Platform | VAX, SPARC, IA-32, PowerPC, x86-64 |
| Size | 17+ MB |
| Available in | English |
| Type | IDE |
| License | Proprietary (1982–1999)
Open-source (1999–present): MITXFree86 |
| Website | www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/poplog/poplog.info.html |


title: Warren Sattler

abstract: Warren Sattler is an American artist and cartoonist, who contributed work to many popular publications from the early 1960s through the 1990s.

text:
# Warren Sattler

**Warren Sattler** (born September 7, 1934) is an American artist and cartoonist, who contributed work to many popular publications from the early 1960s through the 1990s.

## Biography

A lifelong Connecticut resident, Warren Sattler started cartooning at an early age and was first published in a newspaper at age 15. He got his education at the Wilcox Technical School in Meriden, Connecticut. He later taught at the Famous Artists School from 1957 to 1962. In the 1960s, he assisted on the comic strips *Barnaby* and *The Jackson Twins*. Sattler also drew comics that appeared in *Help* magazine under the direction of Harvey Kurtzman. His own strip, *Grubby*, ran from 1964 to 1997 (syndicated by the Al Smith Service).

In the 1970s, Sattler produced art for comic books, in particular Charlton Comics. Some titles he worked on include *Billy the Kid*, *Fightin' Army*, *Fightin' Marines*, *Ghost Manor*, *Ghostly Haunts*, and *Yang*. Additionally, he worked as an illustrator for *Cracked* magazine, *National Lampoon*, and *Playboy*. Sattler created a second syndicated comic strip in 1980: *Swamp Brats*, a Sunday-only strip. He ghosted on such newspaper strips as *Bringing Up Father*, *Comics for Kids* and *Gil Thorp* during the 1980s and 1990s.

## Personal life

Sattler and his wife Margaret had five children: Steve, Marc, Craig, Casey, and Cindy.

## Awards

In 2003, he was inducted into the Meriden Hall of Fame.

## InfoBox

| Warren Sattler | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1934-09-07) September 7, 1934<br>Connecticut |
| Nationality | American |
| Area(s) | Cartoonist, Artist |
| Notable works | *Grubby* |
| Awards | Meriden Hall of Fame, 2003 |
| Spouse(s) | Margaret Sattler |
| Children | Steve, Marc, Craig, Casey and Cindy |


title: Nakajima Ki-8

abstract: Nakajima Ki-8 The Nakajima Ki-8 was an unsuccessful attempt by the Nakajima Aircraft Company to interest the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force in a two-seat modern monoplane fighter.

text:
# Nakajima Ki-8

The **Nakajima Ki-8** (キ8, *Ki-hachi*) was an unsuccessful attempt by the Nakajima Aircraft Company to interest the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force in a two-seat modern monoplane fighter.

## Design & Development

Development of the Ki-8, (a.k.a. **Nakajima DF**), began in 1933, based on an all-metal two-seat aircraft, featuring low inverted gull wings, with fixed and spatted landing gear, powered by a single 410 kW (550 hp) Nakajima Kotobuki Ha-1-3 radial engine. Proposed armament consisted of twin 7.7 mm (.303 in) machine guns firing from between the engine cylinders and a third 7.7 mm (.303 in) machine gun on a flexible mount on the back of the rear cockpit.

In initial testing, the aircraft proved unpopular with test pilots, who raised concerns about the design's aerodynamic stability . The initial prototypes were also plagued with a variety of manufacturing defects and malfunctions. Though corrections were made to improve initial design and stability problems, the performance of the aircraft was considered no better than the existing Nakajima Type 91 fighter, and as the Japanese Army Air Force had no use for two-seat fighters, the project was cancelled in 1934, after five prototype aircraft had been produced, and before the start of full production.

## Variants

* **Nakajima Ki-8** : initial prototype (five built)

## Operators

Japan

## Specifications (Ki-8)

*Data from* *Famous Airplanes of the World, first series, #76: Army Experimental Fighters (1)*

**General characteristics**

* **Crew:** two
* **Length:** 8.17 m (26 ft 9.6 in)
* **Wingspan:** 12.88 m (42 ft 3.1 in)
* **Height:** 3.57 m (11 ft 8.5 in)
* **Wing area:** 28.5 m2 (306.78 sq ft)
* **Empty weight:** 1,525 kg (3,362 lb)
* **Gross weight:** 2,111 kg (4,654 lb)
* **Powerplant:** 1 × Nakajima Ha-1 Kotobuki air-cooled radial engine , 410 kW (550 hp)

**Performance**

* **Maximum speed:** 328 km/h (204 mph, 177 kn)
* **Range:** 1,000 km (621 mi, 540 nmi)
* **Service ceiling:** 8,760 m (28,740 ft)

**Armament**

* 2× 7.7 mm (.303 in) forward-firing machine guns
* 1× 7.7 mm (.303 in) dorsal flexible machine gun

### Citations

### Bibliography

* Mikesh, Robert C.; Abe, Shorzoe (1990). *Japanese Aircraft, 1910-1941*. London: Putnam & Company Ltd. ISBN 0-85177-840-2.
* "Army Experimental Fighters (1)". *Famous Airplanes of the World, first series, #76*. Tokyo: Bunrin-Do. August 1976.
* "Army Experimental Fighters". *Famous Airplanes of the World, second series, #24*. Tokyo: Bunrin-Do. September 1990.

## InfoBox

| Ki-8 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nakajima Ki-8 | |
| Role | prototype fighter aircraft |
| Manufacturer | Nakajima Aircraft Company |
| First flight | 1934 |
| Primary user | Imperial Japanese Army Air Force |
| Number built | 5 |


title: Osteochilus spilurus

abstract:
Osteochilus spilurus is a cyprinid freshwater fish from Southeast Asia.
It is found in Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo.
It grows to 7.5 cm (3.0 in) SL.

text:
# Osteochilus spilurus

***Osteochilus spilurus*** is a cyprinid freshwater fish from Southeast Asia. It is found in Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo. It grows to 7.5 cm (3.0 in) SL.

## Habitat

*Osteochilus spilurus* is common and abundant in creeks and small water bodies in forests. It also occurs in peatswamp forest.

## InfoBox

| *Osteochilus spilurus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Osteochilus spilurus* (as *Rohita oligolepis*) in Bleeker's *Fishes of the Indian Archipelago* | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Genus: | *Osteochilus* |
| Species: | ***O. spilurus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Osteochilus spilurus***
(Bleeker, 1851) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Dangila spilurus* Bleeker, 1851
*Rohita oligolepis* Bleeker, 1853
*Osteochilus oligolepis* (Bleeker, 1853) | |


title: Nelson Township, Michigan

abstract: Nelson Township is a civil township of Kent County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 4,895 at the 2020 census, which was up from 4,774 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Grand Rapids metropolitan area and is located about 20 miles (32 km) northeast of the city of Grand Rapids. The village of Sand Lake is located within Nelson Township.

text:
# Nelson Township, Michigan

**Nelson Township** is a civil township of Kent County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 4,895 at the 2020 census, which was up from 4,774 at the 2010 census.

It is part of the Grand Rapids metropolitan area and is located about 20 miles (32 km) northeast of the city of Grand Rapids. The village of Sand Lake is located within Nelson Township.

## History

The area was first settled in 1851 by William Bailey. The township itself was organized in 1854 and received its first post office on November 26, 1856.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.96 square miles (93.14 km2), of which 35.21 square miles (91.19 km2) is land and 0.75 square miles (1.94 km2) (2.09%) is water.

### Major highways

* US 131 /  M-46 is a dual-signed highway that runs north through the northwest corner of the township.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2010, there were 4,764 people, 1,427 households, and 1,117 families residing in the township. The population density was 116.4 inhabitants per square mile (44.9/km2). There were 1,499 housing units at an average density of 41.6 per square mile (16.1/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 97.54% White, 0.36% African American, 0.31% Native American, 0.26% Asian, 0.60% from other races, and 0.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.67% of the population.

There were 1,427 households, out of which 42.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.2% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.7% were non-families. 17.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.91 and the average family size was 3.28.

In the township the population was spread out, with 31.8% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 31.3% from 25 to 44, 22.1% from 45 to 64, and 7.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.3 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $50,521, and the median income for a family was $54,375. Males had a median income of $36,974 versus $25,897 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,861. About 8.1% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.7% of those under age 18 and 13.4% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

Nelson Township is served by two separate school districts. The majority of the township is served by Cedar Springs Public Schools. A smaller northern portion, including the village of Sand Lake, is served by Tri County Area Schools.

## InfoBox

| Nelson Township, Michigan | |
| --- | --- |
| Civil township | |
| Location within Kent County (red) and the administered village of Sand Lake (pink) | |
| Nelson TownshipLocation within the state of MichiganNelson TownshipLocation within the United States | |
| Coordinates: 43°16′14″N 85°30′18″W / 43.27056°N 85.50500°W / 43.27056; -85.50500 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Michigan |
| County | Kent |
| Settled | 1851 |
| Established | 1854 |
| Government | |
| Supervisor | Robyn Britton |
| Area | |
| Total | 35.96 sq mi (93.14 km2) |
| Land | 35.21 sq mi (91.19 km2) |
| Water | 0.75 sq mi (1.94 km2) |
| Elevation | 906 ft (276 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 4,895 |
| Density | 140/sq mi (53/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code(s) | 49319 (Cedar Springs)
49343 (Sand Lake) |
| Area code | 616 |
| FIPS code | 26-081-56920 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1626792 |
| Website | Official website |


title: Plympton, South Australia

abstract: Plympton is an inner south-western suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. The name is believed to have been given by Henry Mooringe Boswarva to a private subdivision in the area, naming after his home town in Devon, England. It was accepted as an official name for the suburb in 1944. Of irregular shape, the suburb straddles parts of Marion Road, Cross Road and Anzac Highway. To the east of Marion Road it is bounded by the former Holdfast Bay railway line (northwest), Gray and Beckman Streets (east), and the Glenelg tram line (south). To the west of Marion Road it is bounded Mooringe Avenue (north), Streeters Road and Whelan Avenue (west), and the Glenelg tram line (south). The remnants of the Holdfast Bay railway line can be found in Plympton's West Side cycleway. Plympton is in the City of West Torrens local government area; the South Australian House of Assembly districts of Badcoe and Morphett; and the Australian House of Representatives divisions of Hindmarsh and Adelaide.

text:
# Plympton, South Australia

**Plympton** is an inner south-western suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. The name is believed to have been given by Henry Mooringe Boswarva to a private subdivision in the area, naming after his home town in Devon, England. It was accepted as an official name for the suburb in 1944.

Of irregular shape, the suburb straddles parts of Marion Road, Cross Road and Anzac Highway. To the east of Marion Road it is bounded by the former Holdfast Bay railway line (northwest), Gray and Beckman Streets (east), and the Glenelg tram line (south). To the west of Marion Road it is bounded Mooringe Avenue (north), Streeters Road and Whelan Avenue (west), and the Glenelg tram line (south).

The remnants of the Holdfast Bay railway line can be found in Plympton's West Side cycleway.

Plympton is in the City of West Torrens local government area; the South Australian House of Assembly districts of Badcoe and Morphett; and the Australian House of Representatives divisions of Hindmarsh and Adelaide.

## History

Plympton Post Office opened on 7 October 1856.

In 1896 a "plumpton" track was established in the area by the Plympton Coursing Company. The Adelaide Plumpton Coursing Club was formed in 1908, with John Creswell as president, to control dog racing at Plympton. The track and adjacent polo grounds later came to be called "Birkalla", after the nearby railway station, though the name "Plympton Plumpton" lingered on.

Prior to WWII Birkalla was the home of the Adelaide Hunt Club's kennels.

Plympton is referred to in the song "Plympton High" from the 1993 album True Believers by John Schumann of Redgum.

34°57′S 138°33′E / 34.95°S 138.55°E / -34.95; 138.55

## InfoBox

| Plympton<br>Adelaide, South Australia | |
| --- | --- |
| Population | 5,459 (SAL 2021) |
| Postcode(s) | 5038 |
| LGA(s) | City of West Torrens |
| State electorate(s) | Badcoe |
| Federal division(s) |  |
| **Suburbs around Plympton:**  North Plympton North Plympton Kurralta Park  North Plympton, Camden Park Plympton Kurralta Park, Glandore  Camden Park, Morphettville Plympton Park, South Plympton Glandore | |


title: Geoffrey Gaimar

abstract: Geoffrey Gaimar, also written Geffrei or Geoffroy, was an Anglo-Norman chronicler. His contribution to medieval literature and history was as a translator from Old English to Anglo-Norman. His L'Estoire des Engleis, or History of the English People, written about 1136–1140, was a chronicle in eight-syllable rhyming couplets, running to 6,526 lines.

text:
# Geoffrey Gaimar

**Geoffrey Gaimar** (fl. 1130s), also written Geffrei or Geoffroy, was an Anglo-Norman chronicler. His contribution to medieval literature and history was as a translator from Old English to Anglo-Norman. His *L'Estoire des Engleis*, or *History of the English People*, written about 1136–1140, was a chronicle in eight-syllable rhyming couplets, running to 6,526 lines.

## Overview of his work

The *L'Estoire des Engleis* opens with a brief mention of King Arthur, whose actions affect the plot of the interpolated tale of Havelok the Dane. That aside, most of the first 3,500 lines are translations out of a variant text of the *Anglo-Saxon Chronicle* and subsequent portions from other (Latin and French) sources that remain unidentified.

Gaimar claims to have also written a version of the *Brut* story, a translation of Geoffrey of Monmouth's chronicle *Historia Regum Britanniae* (c. 1136) into Anglo-Norman verse, which was commissioned by Constance, wife of Ralph FitzGilbert, a Lincolnshire landowner. Constance appears to have been implicated in the writing process. Gaimar's translation, if it existed, antedated Wace's Norman *Roman de Brut* (c. 1155), but no copy of Gaimar's *Brut* (also known as *L'Estoire des Bretuns*) has survived, being superseded by the latecomer. Ian Short argues that Gaimar's *Estoire des Bretuns* was no more than a short epitome of the pre-Arthurian section of Geoffrey of Monmouth's *Historia Regum Britanniae*, which might explain why Wace's later, full translation of the text became more popular and ultimately superseded Gaimer's.

Gaimar did not create two separate and distinct chronicles, and the two *estoires* were merely the former and latter sections of a long-running history starting from the Argonauts' quest for the Golden Fleece to the reign of William II "Rufus" (died 1100) that Gaimar set out to write. Gaimar's scheme was greatly expanded in scope from the translation work on Geoffrey of Monmouth, the former part, which the patron had requested. Ironically, it was solely the latter part covering the Anglo-Saxon period that was transmitted by later copyists, as a continuation to Wace. The scribe of one such copy, in a late 13th-century manuscript (B.L. Royal 13 A xx i), dubbed the portion with the title *Estoire des Engles*. The so-called "lost *L'Estoire des Bretuns*" (History of the Britons) was an expedient term coined by 19th-century commentators.

A version of Havelok the Dane occurs at the beginning of *L'Estoire des Engles*, which must have originally been interpolated in between the history of the Britons and the history of the English, serving as a bridge. Unlike the Middle English version of the legend, Gaimar's version connects Havelok to King Arthur (making him responsible for destroying the Danish kingdom that Havelok would inherit.) Additionally there is a mention of a sword, Calibur (Excalibur), pointing to Gaimar's knowledge of Galfridian legendary history that predated the advent of Wace's *Brut*.

## Explanatory notes

## Citations

1. "Gaimar, Geffrei (fl. 1136–1137), Anglo-Norman poet and historian". *Oxford Dictionary of National Biography* (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/10281. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. Retrieved 24 December 2021. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
2. Keller, Hans-Erich (1995). "Geffrei Gaimar". In Kibler, William W. (ed.). *Medieval France: An Encyclopedia*. Manchester: Psychology Press. p. 388. ISBN 0-8240-4444-4.
3. Berat, Emma (2010). "The Patron and her Clerk: Multilingualism and Cultural Transition". *New Medieval Literatures*. **12**: 33. doi:10.1484/J.NML.1.102175.
4. Ritson, Joseph (1802). *Ancient Engleish Metrical Romanceës*. Vol. 1. Nicol. p. lxxxviii.
5. Short, Ian R. "What was Gaimar's *Estoire des Bretuns*?", in: Cultura Neolatina 71, 2011, pp. 143–145.
6. "Lestorie des Bretons" as spelt in: Israel (1898). *Hamlet in Iceland*. London: David Nutt. p. lx.
7. vv.409-422, Hardy & Martin 1889, p. 13
8. v. 46, Hardy & Martin 1889, p. 2

## Bibliography

**Texts and translations**

**Studies**

* Bratu, Cristian, "Translatio, autorité et affirmation de soi chez Gaimar, Wace et Benoît de Sainte-Maure." *The Medieval Chronicle* 8 (2013), pp. 135–164.
* Harper-Bill, Christopher & van Houts, Elisabeth (eds.), *A Companion to the Anglo-Norman World*, Boydell, 2007. ISBN 978-1-84383-341-3.
* Legge, Mary D., *Anglo-Norman Literature and its Background*, Oxford University Press, 1963.
* Short, Ian R., "What was Gaimar's Estoire des Bretuns?", in: *Cultura Neolatina* 71, 2011, pp. 143–145.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Cousin, John William (1910). "Gaimar, Geoffrey". *A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature*. London: J. M. Dent & Sons  via Wikisource.


title: Iglica gratulabunda

abstract: Iglica gratulabunda is a species of very small freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Moitessieriidae. This species is endemic to Austria. It is probably found in subterranean freshwater habitat, but is known only from floodline debris.

text:
# Iglica gratulabunda

***Iglica gratulabunda*** is a species of very small freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Moitessieriidae. This species is endemic to Austria. It is probably found in subterranean freshwater habitat, but is known only from floodline debris.

## InfoBox

| *Iglica gratulabunda* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Critically Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Family: | Moitessieriidae |
| Genus: | *Iglica* |
| Species: | ***I. gratulabunda*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Iglica gratulabunda***
(A. J. Wagner, 1910) | |
|


title: Georges Cain

abstract: Georges-Jules-Auguste Cain was a French painter, illustrator and writer, who specialized in the history of Paris, its monuments and its theaters.

text:
# Georges Cain

**Georges-Jules-Auguste Cain** (16 April 1856, Paris \- 4 March 1919, Paris) was a French painter, illustrator and writer, who specialized in the history of Paris, its monuments and its theaters.

## Biography

His grandfather, Pierre-Jules Mêne and his father, Auguste Cain were both animal sculptors. He studied with Alexandre Cabanel and Jean-Georges Vibert, but was most heavily influenced by Édouard Detaille. In 1878, he made his debut at the Salon with *Fumeur de l'époque Louis XV* (Smoker from the Time of Louis XV) and continued to exhibit there on a regular basis until 1900.

He illustrated the *Barber of Seville* by Beaumarchais and several works by Honoré de Balzac, including *La Cousine Bette* and *La Bourse*. His works may be seen in the Musée Baron Gérard in Bayeux, the Musée de Picardie in Amiens, and the Musée Carnavalet in Paris, where he served as Curator from 1897 to 1914.

His brother Henri was a famous librettist.

A square in Le Marais, near the Musée Carnavalet, has been named in his honor.

## Selected writings in English

* *Nooks and Corners of Old Paris*, with a preface by Victorien Sardou, translated by Frederick Lawton, E. G. Richards (1907), reprinted by the University of Michigan Library
* *Walks in Paris*, translated by Alfred Allinson, Macmillan (1909)
* *The Byways of Paris*, translated by Louise Seymour Houghton, Duffield (1912)


title: Water Witch Club Casino

abstract: The Water Witch Club Casino is located at the corner of East Twin Road and West Twin Road in the Monmouth Hills section of Middletown Township in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. It is near the Waterwitch section of the borough of Highlands. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 13, 1990, for its significance in architecture and entertainment. It was listed as a contributing property of the Water Witch Club Historic District in 2004.

text:
# Water Witch Club Casino

The **Water Witch Club Casino** is located at the corner of East Twin Road and West Twin Road in the Monmouth Hills section of Middletown Township in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. It is near the Waterwitch section of the borough of Highlands. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 13, 1990, for its significance in architecture and entertainment. It was listed as a contributing property of the Water Witch Club Historic District in 2004.

## History and description

The Water Witch Club was founded in 1895 by Ferdinand Fish, a New York City developer. The name comes from *The Water-Witch*, an 1830 novel by James Fenimore Cooper. The original casino, built in 1905, consisted of a billiards room and an assembly room. In 1911, it was expanded by adding a clubhouse, designed by architect Lyman T. Ford. The exterior of the building features Colonial Revival/Shingle Style architecture, while the interior features American Craftsman.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Water Witch Club Casino | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district<br>Contributing property | |
| New Jersey Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | East Twin Road and West Twin Road, Middletown Township, New Jersey |
| Coordinates | 40°24′01″N 73°59′36″W / 40.40028°N 73.99333°W / 40.40028; -73.99333 |
| Built | 1905 |
| Architect | Lyman T. Ford |
| Architectural style | Colonial Revival, American Craftsman, Shingle Style |
| Part of | Water Witch Club Historic District (ID04000147) |
| NRHP reference No. | 90001219 |
| NJRHP No. | 2035 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | August 13, 1990 |
| Designated CP | March 12, 2004 |
| Designated NJRHP | January 12, 1990 |


title: Poche

abstract: Poche is the French word for pocket. It can refer to:

text:
# Poche

**Poche** is the French word for pocket. It can refer to:

## People

See also * Mauricio Pochettino (born 1972), Argentinian former footballer and manager of Tottenham Hotspur

## Places

## Other

* *Amour de poche*, a French comedy fantasy film from 1957
* *Chat en poche*, a comedy in three acts by Georges Feydeau from 1892
* Le Livre de Poche ("The Pocket Book"), a publishing brand name in France since 1953
* Pochette, French name for a kit violin
* *Télé Poche* ("Pocket TV"), a weekly television listings magazine in France since 1966


title: Vi vil oss et land... (film)

abstract: Vi vil oss et land... was a 1936 election propaganda film for the Norwegian Conservative Party, directed by Leif Sinding. The title is taken from a poem by Per Sivle.

text:
# Vi vil oss et land... (film)

***Vi vil oss et land...*** (We Want Ourselves a Country) was a 1936 election propaganda film for the Norwegian Conservative Party, directed by Leif Sinding. The title is taken from a poem by Per Sivle.

## Plot

The film showed, among other things, how unnecessary the workers' strikes were and how unnecessarily high the taxes were. In one scene, a man in a suit is pulled by trolls to Dovregubben's Hall. Dovregubben turns out to be ruled by the evil "communist" Norwegian Labor Party.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Vi vil oss et land... | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Leif Sinding
Ernst Ottersen |
| Starring | Eugen Skjønberg
Erna Schøyen
Else Heiberg
Jon Lennart Mjøen
Leif Norder
Sophus Dahl
Einar Tveito
Arne Kleve
Oscar Egede-Nissen
Per Kvist
Ellen Siding |
| Cinematography | Ottar Gladtvet |
| Edited by | Harry Ivarson
Leif Sinding |
| Music by | Erling Røberg
Willie Vieth |
| Distributed by | Gladtvet film |
| Release date | * 1936 (1936) |
| Running time | 40 minutes |
| Country | Norway |
| Language | Norwegian |


title: Za Za Bazaar

abstract: Za Za Bazaar World Banquet & Bar is a buffet restaurant in Bristol, England. The restaurant, in Bristol's Harbourside area, opened just before Christmas in 2011. Its construction lasted thirteen weeks, and cost £3 million. It was billed as the largest restaurant in the United Kingdom, and seats 1,000 people, eclipsing Croydon's Cosmo restaurant in size, which seats 800. It was established with the plan to open another seven "super restaurants" across the United Kingdom, in an investment of £10m, that was rumoured to create 1,000 jobs in eighteen months. However, the expansion did not materialise, and a planned restaurant in Norwich has yet to be built. The food is split into the main categories of Far East, Tex Mex, European and Indian. A second restaurant, situated in Newcastle City Centre, permanently closed in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

text:
# Za Za Bazaar

**Za Za Bazaar World Banquet & Bar** is a buffet restaurant in Bristol, England.

The restaurant, in Bristol's Harbourside area, opened just before Christmas in 2011. Its construction lasted thirteen weeks, and cost £3 million. It was billed as the largest restaurant in the United Kingdom, and seats 1,000 people, eclipsing Croydon's Cosmo restaurant in size, which seats 800.

It was established with the plan to open another seven "super restaurants" across the United Kingdom, in an investment of £10m, that was rumoured to create 1,000 jobs in eighteen months. However, the expansion did not materialise, and a planned restaurant in Norwich has yet to be built. The food is split into the main categories of Far East, Tex Mex, European and Indian.

A second restaurant, situated in Newcastle City Centre, permanently closed in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

51°27′1.3″N 2°35′54.7″W / 51.450361°N 2.598528°W / 51.450361; -2.598528

## InfoBox

| Za Za Bazaar | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Restaurant information | |
| Established | November 2011 |
| Head chef | Nitin Bhatnagar |
| City | Bristol |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Website | zazabazaar.com |


title: Oskar Braaten

abstract: Oskar Braaten was a Norwegian novelist and playwright.

text:
# Oskar Braaten

**Oskar Braaten** (25 November 1881 – 17 July 1939) was a Norwegian novelist and playwright.

## Biography

Oskar Alexander Braaten was born in Sagene, a borough of the city of Oslo. Sagene was one of Norway's oldest industrial areas, dating to the mid-19th century. Oskar Braaten attended school in Sagene until he was 15 years old. In 1899, he was hired by the antiquarian bookstore Bertrand Jensen, where he remained until 1910.

Though born and raised in Oslo, Braaten joined the mostly rural landsmål-movement. Braaten is best known for his popular plays and novels depicting the lives of factory workers alongside Akerselva in Oslo. He published seven novels between 1917 and 1925. Braaten conveys a new image of Oslo not seen before in literature. Braaten was able to provide vivid and richly nuanced images of working-class life on the east side of Oslo during a historical period of industrialization. Criticism of injustice and inequality arises, but there is relatively little political tendency in his literary works.

He served as an advisor and theater manager at the Det Norske Teatret in Oslo from its start in 1915 until his death. He was a consultant for the theater 1915–25, served as its theater director (*Teatersjef*) from 1934 to 1936, and was dramatic performance manager from 1937 until his death. He was editor of *For Bygd og By* in 1912 and co-editor of *St. Hallvard* in 1933. Braaten was the chairman of the Norwegian Authors' Union (*Den norske forfatterforening*) at the end of 1921/22 and again in 1933.

## Personal life

Oskar Braaten and Nanna Thorvaldsen were married in 1910. Oskar and Nanna had a son Bjorn in 1912, daughter Berit in 1918. In 1921, the family moved to Ullevål Hageby, a residential area in the Nordre Aker borough of Oslo.

## Selected works

* 1910: *Kring fabrikken* (Around the Factory)
* 1911: *Ungen* (The Child)
* 1918: *Bak høkerens disk* (Behind the Shopkeeper's Counter)
* 1918: *Fabrikken* (The Factory)
* 1919: *Ulvehiet* (The Wolf's Lair)
* 1925: *Den store barnedåpen* (The Great Christening)
* 1927: *Godvakker-Maren* (Good Pretty Maren)


title: Nelly Such

abstract: Nelly Such is a Hungarian handballer who plays for Siófok KC in right wing position.

text:
# Nelly Such

**Nelly Such** (born 12 May 1992 in Békéscsaba) is a Hungarian handballer who plays for Siófok KC in right wing position.

## Achievements

## InfoBox

| Nelly Such | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Nelly Such | | |
| Born | (1992-05-12) 12 May 1992<br>Békéscsaba, Hungary | | |
| Nationality | Hungarian | | |
| Height | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) | | |
| Playing position | Right Wing | | |
| Club information | | | |
| Current club | Ferencvárosi TC | | |
| Number | 23 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | | |
| 2005–2008 | Békéscsabai ENKSE | | |
| 2008–2010 | Ferencvárosi TC | | |
| Senior clubs | | | |
| Years | **Team** | | |
| 2010–2014 | Ferencvárosi TC | | |
| 2014–2023 | Siófok KC | | |
| 2023– | Váci NKSE | | |


title: Pocharam lake

abstract: Pocharam Lake is located in Medak district in the Indian state of Telangana. It is adjacent to Pocharam Forest & Wildlife Sanctuary.

text:
# Pocharam lake

**Pocharam Lake** is located in Medak district in the Indian state of Telangana. It is adjacent to Pocharam Forest & Wildlife Sanctuary.

## InfoBox

| Pocharam Lake | |
| --- | --- |
| A view from Pocharam Lake with Herons, Egrets, Openbills | |
| Pocharam LakePocharam Lake | |
| Location | Nizamabad district, Telangana, India |
| Coordinates | 18°8′0″N 78°10′50″E / 18.13333°N 78.18056°E / 18.13333; 78.18056 |


title: Geoffrey G. Slaughter

abstract: Geoffrey G. Slaughter is an associate justice of the Indiana Supreme Court. He was appointed by Governor Mike Pence in May 2016.

text:
# Geoffrey G. Slaughter

**Geoffrey G. Slaughter** (born November 1, 1962) is an associate justice of the Indiana Supreme Court. He was appointed by Governor Mike Pence in May 2016.

## Early life and education

Born in Gary, Indiana, Slaughter was raised in Crown Point, graduating from high school there in 1981. He received a Bachelor of Arts in economics with high honors from Indiana University Bloomington in 1985, followed by an Master of Business Administration in finance from the Kelley School of Business in 1989 and a Juris Doctor, cum laude, from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law in 1989.

Slaughter was then a law clerk to the Honorable Allen Sharp of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Indiana, stationed in South Bend. Slaughter entered private practice in Chicago, with the firm of Kirkland & Ellis, until 1995, when he became a special counsel to the Indiana Attorney General. He returned to private practice in 2001, in Indianapolis, as a partner with Taft Stettinius & Hollister, a position he held until his appointment to the Indiana Supreme Court.

## InfoBox

| Geoffrey Slaughter | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Associate Justice of the Indiana Supreme Court | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
May 9, 2016 | |
| Appointed by | Mike Pence |
| Preceded by | Brent Dickson |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1962-11-01) November 1, 1962
Gary, Indiana, U.S. |
| Education | Indiana University, Bloomington (BA, JD, MBA) |
|  | |


title: Senebsumai

abstract: Senebsumai was an ancient Egyptian official of the early 13th Dynasty with the title high steward and later treasurer.

text:
# Senebsumai

|  |
| --- |
| Senebsumai
in hieroglyphs |
| Era: 2nd Intermediate Period
(1650–1550 BC) |
|  |
|  |

**Senebsumai** was an ancient Egyptian official of the early 13th Dynasty with the title high steward and later treasurer.

## Family

### Parents

His mother was Serukhib (*srwḫ-jb*) with the title Lady of the House (*nbt pr*). The maternal grandparents were the woman jjs-nbw/mnw-wn and nbw-kꜢw-rꜤ (a name referring to the prenomen of Amenemhat II). His maternal uncle was jjj-Ꜥḏ who held the title scribe of the books (*sẖꜢ mḏꜢwt*).

His father was Wepwawethotep (*wp-wꜣwt-ḥtp*) with unknown titles.

### Children

His son may be Pepi (*pjpj*) with title *chamber-keeper* (*jrj-ꜥt*) and *cupbearer* (*wdpw*) whose mother was a certain psš(w).

## Attestation

Senebsumai is known from a remarkable series of monuments, the preservation of which makes him the best attested Egyptian official of the early 13th dynasty.

**Scarabs** There are more than thirty scarab seals identified to date that relate to Senebsumai. This also is the highest number of seals for a thirteenth dynasty official. All of these finds reinforce an understanding of his longevity in offices held and the respect given to him.

**Stelae** He is known from more than twelve stelae all coming from Abydos. Most of the stele show Senebsumai with other, lower officials in scenes depicting them as they performed work for him. Senebsuma son of Serukh-ib is known from four stelae, three in the Cairo Museum (CG20075, CG20334, CG20459), and one in the British Museum (EA252). Stela Turin Cat. S. 1303, belongs to the treasurer Senebsumai and is dedicated to him by the 'master of the house for the palace' Khentikhety-hotep.

At Abydos, Senebsumai is mentioned on stelae belonging to subordinates: Cairo CG 20334, Pittsburgh 2983–6701, London BM EA 252, Roanne Musée Déchelette 163, London BM EA 215, Cairo CG 20718, Turin S.1298, Leiden AP 2, Rome Sinopoli collection Egi06, and St. Petersburg 1084.

**Other items** Several other artifacts have been discovered at important Ancient Egyptian sites that are associated with Senebsumai. Fragments of accounts mentioning him were found in El-Lahun. A bronze statue of him was found at Hawara, a site associated with Amenemhat III. A relief or a coffin fragment with coffin texts bearing his name and titles is recorded from finds at Dahshur.

## Career

The earliest known records of his career identify Senebsumai as high steward; later he became *treasurer*.

### High Steward

As high steward, Senebsumai worked under the treasurer. In this function he was the main administrator of the royal estates.

### Treasurer

As treasurer, Senebsumai would have been among the highest officials in the land. He also held ranking titles like Royal Sealer and Sole Companion. An important colleague of treasurer Senebsumai was the high steward Ameny. Senebsumai died while holding this office and seems to have been succeeded by treasurer Senebi.

## Literature

* Herman de Meulenaere: *Les monuments d'un haut dignitaire de la 13e dynastie*, In: *Chronique d'Égypte, Bulletin périodique de la Fondation Egyptologique Reine Elisabeth*, 60 (1985), S. 75 - 84

## InfoBox

| Senebsumai | |
| --- | --- |
| High steward, Treasurer | |
| Successor | Senebi? |
| Dynasty | 13th dynasty |
| Father | Wepwawethotep (wp-wꜣwt-ḥtp) |
| Mother | Serukh-ib (srwḫ-jb) Lady of the House |


title: Georges Callot

abstract: Georges Callot (1857–1903) a French artist and educator, known for his nude, allegorical, and genre paintings. He also worked as a decorative painter.

text:
# Georges Callot

**Georges Callot** (1857–1903) a French artist and educator, known for his nude, allegorical, and genre paintings. He also worked as a decorative painter.

## Biography

Georges Callot was born 1857 in Paris, France. Callot studied at the École des Arts Décoratifs and then at the École des Beaux-Arts with Louis-Émile Adan.

Callot first participated in the Salon in 1877. In 1890, he joined the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts as a member. Callot taught classes at Académie Delécluse, an atelier-style art school and he was one of the main instructors.

Callot painted, *La Philosophie* (1903) for the Hôtel de Ville, Paris.

### Death and legacy

Georges Callot died on 23 June 1903 in Paris. His work can be found in various public museum collections including Art Renewal Center, Châlons-en-Champagne, Musée d'Orsay, among others.

In the Spanish book, *Lesbianas, Discursos y Representaciones* (2008), Callot is named as one of the many artists that created anti-feminist work. Other artists labeled as having anti-feminist work in the book included Eliseu Visconti, Pierre-Georges Jeanniot, Louis de Schryver, and Joseph Granié.

## InfoBox

| Georges Callot | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1857 (1857)
Paris, France |
| Died | 23 June 1903
Paris, France |
| Education | École des Arts Décoratifs,
École des Beaux-Arts |
| Known for | painting, educator |


abstract: The Water Witch Steam Fire Engine Company No. 5 is a historic fire station at 1814 Gilpin Avenue in Wilmington, Delaware. The 2+1⁄2-story brick building was designed by Edward L. Rice, Jr., a leading Wilmington architect, and built in 1893. The building is an architecturally eclectic mix of Queen Anne and Second Empire styling, and has retained many of its original interior details. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.

text:
# Water Witch Steam Fire Engine Company No. 5

The **Water Witch Steam Fire Engine Company No. 5** is a historic fire station at 1814 Gilpin Avenue in Wilmington, Delaware. The 2+12-story brick building was designed by Edward L. Rice, Jr., a leading Wilmington architect, and built in 1893. The building is an architecturally eclectic mix of Queen Anne and Second Empire styling, and has retained many of its original interior details.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Water Witch Steam Fire Engine Company No. 5 | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 1814 Gilpin Ave., Wilmington, Delaware |
| Coordinates | 39°45′36″N 75°33′47″W / 39.759926°N 75.563189°W / 39.759926; -75.563189 |
| Built | 1893 |
| Architect | Edward L. Rice, Jr. |
| NRHP reference No. | 11000697 |
| Added to NRHP | September 23, 2011 |


title: Vi är inte ensamma

abstract: Vi är inte ensamma - en samling berättelser om våra osynliga hjälpare (Swedish) is a 1990 book about the occult, written by Swedish author Margit Sandemo. The name translates to Vi er ikke alene in Norwegian and We Are Not Alone - The Anthology Stories About Our Invisible Helpers in English. Sandemo is best known for her historical fantasy writing. The subject of this book is the guardian angels, known in the book as "helpers" or "guardian spirits". The following series of novels by Margit Sandemo, Häxmästaren is about this same subject matter. The message of the book is that everyone has, from as early as birth, at least one guardian angel, who stands by the protégé's side all their life and appears only in dangerous situations. Usually, women have male and men have female guardian spirits. Sandemo claims to have visions. She believes that some people are born with that talent. She claims that her guardian spirit is a tall, light man called Virgil. She has known him since the age of eight. The bok explains how to tell a guardian angel from a ghost and how to contact one's own guardian angel. Sandemo claims that some people can access other people's guardian angels with metal pins, that people can send their guardian spirit a subtle request and that guardian spirits give answers via dreams, in the shape of a bird or a star. Vi är inte ensamma is based on letters from people whose lives guardian angels have effected. Sandemo received thousands of such letters after requesting them in the Norsk Ukeblad.

text:
# Vi är inte ensamma

***Vi är inte ensamma - en samling berättelser om våra osynliga hjälpare*** (Swedish) is a 1990 book about the occult, written by Swedish author Margit Sandemo. The name translates to ***Vi er ikke alene*** in Norwegian and *We Are Not Alone - The Anthology Stories About Our Invisible Helpers* in English.

Sandemo is best known for her historical fantasy writing. The subject of this book is the guardian angels, known in the book as "helpers" or "guardian spirits". The following series of novels by Margit Sandemo, Häxmästaren is about this same subject matter. The message of the book is that everyone has, from as early as birth, at least one guardian angel, who stands by the protégé's side all their life and appears only in dangerous situations. Usually, women have male and men have female guardian spirits.

Sandemo claims to have visions. She believes that some people are born with that talent. She claims that her guardian spirit is a tall, light man called Virgil. She has known him since the age of eight. The bok explains how to tell a guardian angel from a ghost and how to contact one's own guardian angel. Sandemo claims that some people can access other people's guardian angels with metal pins, that people can send their guardian spirit a subtle request and that guardian spirits give answers via dreams, in the shape of a bird or a star.

*Vi är inte ensamma* is based on letters from people whose lives guardian angels have effected. Sandemo received thousands of such letters after requesting them in the Norsk Ukeblad (*Norwegian Weekly Magazine*).

## InfoBox

*Vi är inte ensamma*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Margit Sandemo |
| Language | Swedish, Norwegian |
| Subject | Guardian angels |
| Genre | Non-fiction |
| Publisher | Boknöje AB |
| Publication date | 1990 |
| Media type | Pocket book |
| Pages | 192 |
| ISBN | 91-7710-470-6 |
| OCLC | 186464646 |


abstract: The Nanjing Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge, formerly Third Nanjing Yangtze Bridge, is the first cable-stayed bridge with steel tower stanchions located in Nanjing, China. It is the third crossing of the Yangtze River at Nanjing. The cable-stayed portion is just a part of the 4.7 kilometers of the complete bridge. Constructed in slightly more than two years at a cost of $490 million, this bridge features dual 215 meters towers. The main span measures 648 meters. When it was completed in 2005 it was the third longest cable stayed span in the world. It still ranks among the top 20. The bridge carries the G42 Shanghai–Chengdu Expressway and the G2503 Nanjing Ring Expressway. The bridge has renamed on 20 December 2019.

text:
# Nanjing Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge

The **Nanjing Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge**, formerly **Third Nanjing Yangtze Bridge**, is the first cable-stayed bridge with steel tower stanchions located in Nanjing, China. It is the third crossing of the Yangtze River at Nanjing. The cable-stayed portion is just a part of the 4.7 kilometers of the complete bridge. Constructed in slightly more than two years at a cost of $490 million, this bridge features dual 215 meters towers. The main span measures 648 meters. When it was completed in 2005 it was the third longest cable stayed span in the world. It still ranks among the top 20. The bridge carries the G42 Shanghai–Chengdu Expressway and the G2503 Nanjing Ring Expressway. The bridge has renamed on 20 December 2019.

## Structure

The deck superstructure is an orthotropic box girder 3.2 m deep and 37.5 wide that accommodates three lanes of traffic in each direction. Also the bridge has a center lane used in case of emergency. The deck is supported by 168 stay cables. Each cable is formed by 109 to 241 wires 7 mm in diameter and 215 m in height.

## Funding

The bridge was financed by a joint venture of Chinese public-sector and corporate entities. China's Highway Planning and Design Institute, part of the Ministry of Communications, led the design team.

1. CUI Bing; MENG Fan-chao; FENG Liang-ping; DONG Meng. "Design and Fabrication of the Tower Column of Nanjing No.3 Yangtze River Bridge--《China Railway Science》2005年03期". *en.cnki.com.cn*. Archived from the original on 2015-10-06. Retrieved 2015-10-06.
2. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-10-06. Retrieved 2013-05-15.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
3. "定了！二桥三桥四桥成历史，南京5条过江通道更名！". 2019-12-20. Retrieved 2020-06-05.
4. LI Jun-ping; LI Yi; CHENG Yu-hai. "Fabrication and Erection Techniques for Steel Pylons of the 3rd Nanjing Changjiang River Bridge--《Bridge Construction》2006年02期". *en.cnki.com.cn*. Archived from the original on 2015-10-06. Retrieved 2015-10-06.

## InfoBox

| Nanjing Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge<br>南京大胜关长江大桥 | |
| --- | --- |
| View from the river | |
| Coordinates | 31°58′N 118°38′E / 31.97°N 118.64°E / 31.97; 118.64 |
| Carries | G42 and  G2503 |
| Crosses | Yangtze River |
| Locale | Nanjing, Jiangsu, China |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | Cable-stayed |
| Total length | 1,288 m (4,226 ft) |
| Width | 37.5 m (123 ft) |
| Longest span | 648 m (2,126 ft) |
| History | |
| Opened | October 7, 2005 (2005-10-07) |
| Statistics | |
| Daily traffic | 60,000 vehicles (by 2025) |
| Location | |
|  | |


title: Oskar Brehm

abstract: Oskar Brehm was a German entomologist and naturalist. He was a half-brother of Alfred Brehm. The two were travelling and collecting in Africa when Oskar drowned in the Nile.

text:
# Oskar Brehm

**Oskar Brehm** (12 December 1823 – 8 May 1850) was a German entomologist and naturalist. He was a half-brother of Alfred Brehm. The two were travelling and collecting in Africa when Oskar drowned in the Nile.

## Life

Oskar Brehm was born in Renthendorf in 1823 to Christian Ludwig Brehm and his first wife Amalia Wächter who died in 1826. Alfred Brehm was born to Ludwig Brehm and his second wife Bertha Reiz who also raised Oskar. Oskar became keenly interested in insects along with his father and went on hunting and bird study trips from an early age. He went to the village school and at 15 he apprenticed in the pharmacy in Münchenbernsdorf (Thuringia). He collected nearly 1,500 European beetles along with Rector Lübben from Aschersleben. In 1846, he went to study architecture in Dresden and also studied pharmacy at Jena and went to Heinrich Wackenroder's (1798–1854) private pharmaceutical-chemical institute.

## Works

He interrupted his studies to join a trip with Baron von Müller to Africa along with his brother. The travel began in September 1847 and the first part ended in December 1848 and Alfred stayed in Egypt. A second part was from February 1850 to October 1851. Oskar joined the second part and was a specialist on the plants and insects. He initially went to Trieste where he met Reinhard Vierthaler (1820–1852) and they travelled together to Alexandria. Oskar has been identified as being particularly interested in insects but a number of later records have been confounded and ascribed to Alfred. When Oskar sent a shipment of pills to his brother, Oskar asked for a beetle in return for each pill. When Oskar joined on the second part of the trip he collected extensively and many of the new species were described by Johann Heinrich Gottfried Apetz. He joined up with Alfred on November 24, 1849, via Smyrna. A nine-member party set off to Sudan in December 1849. When they reached Dongola on May 8, 1850, Alfred and his brother went for a swim in the Nile and Oskar suddenly disappeared. His body was not found until half an hour later and attempts to resuscitate him failed. He was buried in a simple brick monument in the Coptic cemetery at Dongola.


title: Neoclytus interruptus

abstract: Neoclytus interruptus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1873.

text:
# Neoclytus interruptus

***Neoclytus interruptus*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1873.

## InfoBox

| *Neoclytus interruptus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Neoclytus* |
| Species: | ***N. interruptus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Neoclytus interruptus***<br>LeConte, 1873 | |
|


title: Pochavaram

abstract: Pochavaram is a village in Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Vatsavai mandal of Vijayawada revenue division.

text:
# Pochavaram

**Pochavaram** is a village in Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Vatsavai mandal of Vijayawada revenue division.

## InfoBox

| Pochavaram | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Dynamic map | |
| Country | India |
| State | Andhra Pradesh |
| District | Krishna |
| Mandal | Vatsavai |
| Government | |
| Type | Panchayati raj |
| Body | Pochavaram gram panchayat |
| Area | |
| Total | 210 ha (520 acres) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 560 |
| Density | 270/km2 (690/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| Official | Telugu |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Area code | +91– |
| Vehicle registration | AP |


title: Geoffrey Galatà

abstract: Geoffrey Angelo Rosario Galatà is a Dutch former professional footballer who played as a centre back.

text:
# Geoffrey Galatà

**Geoffrey Angelo Rosario Galatà** (born 6 March 1984) is a Dutch former professional footballer who played as a centre back.

## Career

Born in Amsterdam to an Italian father and a Dutch mother, Galatà started playing football for local clubs Blauw Wit and AFC. After some years, he joined the Ajax youth academy. His professional career started at Stormvogels Telstar, where he made his debut in the 2003–04 season. In the summer of 2008, his contract with Telstar expired and he left on a free to TOP Oss. There, he initially played on an amateur basis, but on 17 November 2008, Galatà signed a professional contract until mid-2009. Three days later, he scored a bicycle kick against AGOVV Apeldoorn. In 2011, Galatà moved to Sparta Nijkerk and a year later to Quick Boys. From 2013 to 2016 he played for his former side, AFC. He announced his retirement on 11 May 2016 before a match against Koninklijke HFC, after suffering a series of knee injuries.

## Honours

### Club

**FC Oss**

## InfoBox

Geoffrey Galatà
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Geoffrey Angelo Rosario Galatà | | |
| Date of birth | (1984-03-06) 6 March 1984 | | |
| Place of birth | Amsterdam, Netherlands | | |
| Height | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Blauw Wit | | |
|  | Ajax | | |
|  | AFC | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2003–2008 | Stormvogels Telstar | 111 | (3) |
| 2008–2011 | TOP Oss | 70 | (4) |
| 2011–2012 | Sparta Nijkerk | ? | (?) |
| 2012–2013 | Quick Boys | ? | (?) |
| 2013–2016 | AFC | 59 | (2) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Senebhenas

abstract: Senebhenas (snb-ḥnˁ=s, "Health is with her") was the wife and queen consort of the ancient Egyptian king Sobekhotep III, who reigned in the 13th Dynasty, about 1750 BC.

text:
# Senebhenas

**Senebhenas** *(snb-ḥnˁ=s,* "Health is with her") was the wife and queen consort of the ancient Egyptian king Sobekhotep III, who reigned in the 13th Dynasty, about 1750 BC.

## Attestations

The queen is mainly known from a rock stela in the Wadi el-Hol. Here she bears a long title string, including the titles *lady of all lands*, *king's wife* and *united with the white crown*. There she is shown standing behind the *king's mother* Jewhetibew, indicating that she was the main wife of the king, as a second wife with the name Neni is also known and shown behind her.

## Sources


title: George X (talk show host)

abstract: Jorge Bribiesca Ayala, better known as George X is a Mexican television show host specialized in action sports and Mixed Martial Arts. George X is the Spanish-language announcer of the X Games for ESPN Deportes and play-by-play commentator for the Mixed martial arts promotion company Bellator Fighting Championships. While working for Televisa in 2001, George X gained national notoriety in Mexico as he covered Super Bowl XXXV dressed as an American football player. In 2004 George X hosted the controversial Fear Factor-like series Gana la Verde for Liberman Broadcasting in Los Angeles, where winning contestants were promised legal representation to get a Green Card. In addition, George X hosted 3 seasons of the award-winning show Reto Final Nissan for Fox Deportes, where he had to reunite international soccer stars and get them to play a televised rematch.

text:
# George X (talk show host)

**Jorge Bribiesca Ayala** (born January 23, 1974), better known as **George X** (pronounced as the letter "X" and not "ten") (born January 23, 1974) is a Mexican television show host specialized in action sports and Mixed Martial Arts. George X is the Spanish-language announcer of the X Games for ESPN Deportes and play-by-play commentator for the Mixed martial arts promotion company Bellator Fighting Championships. While working for Televisa in 2001, George X gained national notoriety in Mexico as he covered Super Bowl XXXV dressed as an American football player. In 2004 George X hosted the controversial Fear Factor-like series Gana la Verde for Liberman Broadcasting in Los Angeles, where winning contestants were promised legal representation to get a Green Card. In addition, George X hosted 3 seasons of the award-winning show *Reto Final Nissan* for Fox Deportes, where he had to reunite international soccer stars and get them to play a televised rematch.

## Family background

George X comes from a family of artists. His father **Jorge Bribiesca Castañeda** (1920–1997) was an accomplished guitar professor who also played with several Trios and Quartets in the 70's being the most famous *Guitarras Mexicanas with Ramon Dona-Dio*. He performed in several movies and Television shows alongside actors such as Wolf Ruvinskis and Cuco Sanchez. George X's uncle **Salvador Bribiesca** was a talented and respected painter and founder of the **Instituto de Arte Bribiesca** (Bribiesca Arts Institute) in Mexico City. Given his impressive realistic style, he was a sought after artists by celebrities and politicians for personal portraits. His second uncle was legendary composer and guitarist **Antonio Bribiesca**, famous in Mexico in the 60's and 70's for his unique style of playing traditional Mexican music on the guitar. He starred in several films, radio and television shows including *La Hora Max Factor* and *El show de Paco Malgesto*. Some of his accomplishments include winning Golden records and the "Microfono de Oro" awards. He died in 1980 but his music is still enjoyed by millions.

## Early life

George X was born in Mexico City on January 23, 1974. The son of Aurelia Ayala a homemaker and guitar professor Jorge Bribiesca Castañeda. George X grew up in the northern district of Mexico City and at the age of 11 relocated to Guadalajara, Jalisco. Shortly after moving, George X started training Tae Kwon Do, a Korean Martial art. After 3 years in the sport he earned the black belt 1st dan degree. In High School, George X excelled in graphic design and media. He became a popular cartoon designer and school radio and television host/producer.

## Television career

### Channel 4 Guadalajara

George X started his television career behind the camera. His first job was at Televisa Guadalajara Channel 4 as a graphic design assistant where he created several show logos, storyboards and promos. In the summer of 1995 he became the host of the kids game show *Super Acción*. The show was cancelled after 2 years on the air. Later on, George X joined the production team of the edgy action sports and music show *Generacion X*. The show was produced by film director and Producer Fernando Lebrija Amar a morir.

### Televisa

Between 1998 and 2000 he worked with producers **Fernando Lebrija** and **Miguel Angel Fox** as art director for several shows including:

### Televisa Deportes

Between 2000 and 2003 George X worked for Televisa Deportes as a special event correspondent, adventure reporter and segment host.

### ESPN and the X Games

Since 2004 George X has covered the X Games for ESPN Deportes as on-site reporter and play-by-play commentator and blog writer. Some of the events covered and athletes interviewed by George X are:

### Gana la Verde

In 2004, George X hosted 85 episodes of the controversial reality television series Gana la Verde for KRCA Liberman Broadcasting in Los Angeles, CA. In this Fear Factor style program contestants endured tough physical challenges in order to become eligible for legal representation to get a Green Card. Despite its popularity and high ratings, the show was criticized by immigrant-rights advocates and competitive networks for creating false hope and talking advantage of the contestants' precarious conditions.

### Reto Final Nissan

George X hosted 3 seasons of the soccer-adventure reality series *Reto Final Nissan* for Fox Deportes. Each season showcased a soccer rivalry between two countries or clubs. In 5 weeks George X traveled across the world tracking down the actual players who participated in some of the rivalry's most memorable games and invited them to play a rematch. In 2007, the show won the Imagen Award for best foreign language program and a Naamic Vision Award.

* 2006 Season 1 Mexico vs USA (1997 National teams)
* 2007 Season 2 Mexico vs Argentina (National teams 1994–2006)
* 2008 Season 3 El Súper Clásico (Mexico) Chivas vs America.

Some of the players interviewed by George X were:

### Bellator MMA

George X was the Spanish-language play-by-play commentator for the Mixed Martial Arts organization Bellator MMA. George X's broadcast partner was former King of the Cage Heavyweight Champion, Manny Rodriguez.

* 2009 Season 1. (ESPN Deportes)
* 2010 Season 2. (Telemundo)
* 2010 Season 3. (MultiVision)
* 2011 - 2013. (MTV2 / Mun2)
* 2013 - 2017 (ESPN Deportes / Spike TV)

### Premier Boxing Champions

In 2015, George X and Manny Rodriguez were the Spanish commentators for Premier Boxing Champions on Spike TV's SAP.

### Professional Fighters League

From 2018 to 2019, George X and Manny Rodriguez were the Spanish commentators for Professional Fighters League on Facebook Watch and ESPN Deportes.

## InfoBox

| George X | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Jorge Bribiesca Ayala
(1974-01-23) January 23, 1974
Distrito Federal |
| Occupation | television host |
| Years active | 1995–present |


title: Warren E. Miller

abstract: Warren E. Miller was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates. Miller represented District 9A, which includes parts of Howard and Carroll counties. Miller was appointed by Governor Bob Ehrlich on March 7, 2003 to replace Robert L. Flanagan, who resigned from the Maryland House of Delegates on February 28, 2003, to become the Maryland Secretary of Transportation. On November 30, 2020, Miller announced his intent to resign at the end of 2020.

text:
# Warren E. Miller

**Warren E. Miller** (born October 5, 1964) was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates. Miller represented District 9A, which includes parts of Howard and Carroll counties. Miller was appointed by Governor Bob Ehrlich on March 7, 2003 to replace Robert L. Flanagan, who resigned from the Maryland House of Delegates on February 28, 2003, to become the Maryland Secretary of Transportation. On November 30, 2020, Miller announced his intent to resign at the end of 2020.

## Elections

In 2006, Miller, along with fellow Republican Gail H. Bates, defeated David Leonard Osmundson to maintain his District 9A seat.

## Education

Miller attended Glenelg High School in Howard County. He received his bachelor's degree in Business Administration in 1987 from Towson State University.

## Career

Shortly after college, Miller began to work as a Deputy Directory for the computer center at the White House Office of Presidential Personnel. In 1990, he became the confidential assistant to Assistant Administrator, Bureau for Legislative Affairs, Agency for International Development. Later, he was appointed as the special assistant to the White House Liaison, Office of Administrator, Agency for International Development, a position he held from 1991-1992. In 1992, he became the White House Liaison for the U.S. Office of Personnel Management. In 1994, he was the Congressional campaign manager for Roscoe Bartlett.

From 1995 until 1996, Miller was a programmer/analyst for Advanced Technology Systems. In 1996, he worked for Booz Allen Hamilton until 2005. Since 2006, Miller has been a business development manager for Human Touch LLC.

Finally, Miller was on the Howard County Republican Central Committee from 1998 - 2003.

As a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, Miller has served on the Economic Matters Committee since 2003, and the Joint Advisory Committee on Legislative Data Systems since 2007.

Miller has worked with fellow Republican Gail Bates to amended the Maryland Constitution to define marriage as the union between a man and a woman.

### Legislative notes

* voted against the Clean Indoor Air Act of 2007 (HB359)
* voted against in-state tuition for illegal immigrants in 2007 (HB6)
* voted against the Healthy Air Act in 2006 (SB154)
* voted for slots in 2005 (HB1361)

## Election results

* **2006 Race for Maryland House of Delegates – District 9A**

**Voters to choose two:**

| Name | Votes | Percent | Outcome |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| Gail H. Bates, Rep. | 22,862 | 39.6% | **Won** |
|
| **Warren E. Miller, Rep.** | 18,533 | 32.1% | **Won** |
|
| David Leonard Osmundson, Dem. | 16,162 | 28.0% | Lost |
| Other Write-Ins | 123 | 0.2% | Lost |

* **2010 Race for Maryland House of Delegates – District 9A**

**Voters to choose two:**

| Name | Votes | Percent | Outcome |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| Gail H. Bates, Rep. | 21,709 | 30.6% | **Won** |
|
| **Warren E. Miller, Rep.** | 19,911 | 28.0% | **Won** |
|
| Maryann Maher, Dem. | 15,264 | 21.5% | Lost |
| Jonathan Weinstein, Dem. | 14,110 | 19.9% | Lost |
| Other Write-Ins | 40 | 0.1% | Lost |

* **2014 Race for Maryland House of Delegates – District 9A**

**Voters to choose two:**

| Name | Votes | Percent | Outcome |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| Trent Kittleman, Rep. | 24,371 | 37.5% | **Won** |
|
| **Warren E. Miller, Rep.** | 21,553 | 33.1% | **Won** |
|
| Walter E. Carson, Dem. | 10,144 | 15.6% | Lost |
| James Ward Morrow, Dem. | 8,906 | 13.7% | Lost |
| Other Write-Ins | 99 | 0.2% | Lost |

* **2018 Race for Maryland House of Delegates – District 9A**

**Voters to choose two:**

| Name | Votes | Percent | Outcome |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| Trent Kittleman, Rep. | 24,531 | 30.6% | **Won** |
|
| **Warren E. Miller, Rep.** | 19,563 | 24.4% | **Won** |
|
| Natalie Ziegler, Dem. | 18,891 | 23.6% | Lost |
| Steven M. Bolen, Dem. | 17,019 | 21.3% | Lost |
| Other Write-Ins | 56 | 0.1% | Lost |

## References and notes

## InfoBox

| Warren E. Miller | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Maryland House of Delegates
from the 9A district | |
| **In office**
March 10, 2003  December 30, 2020Serving with Gail H. Bates | |
| Preceded by | Robert L. Flanagan |
| Succeeded by | Reid Novotny |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1964-10-05) October 5, 1964
Riverdale, Maryland, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Children | 2 |
| Residence | Woodbine, Maryland |
| Education | Glenelg High School, Glenelg, Maryland |
| Alma mater | Towson State University (B.S.) |
| Signature |  |
|  | |


title: Plato Airport

abstract: Plato Airport is an airport serving the town of Plato in the Magdalena Department of Colombia. The runway is adjacent to the northwest side of the town.

text:
# Plato Airport

**Plato Airport** (IATA: **PLT**, ICAO: **SKPL**) is an airport serving the town of Plato in the Magdalena Department of Colombia. The runway is adjacent to the northwest side of the town.

## InfoBox

| Plato Airport<br>Las Flores Airport | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public |
| Serves | Plato, Colombia |
| Elevation AMSL | 69 ft / 21 m |
| Coordinates | 9°48′00″N 74°47′10″W / 9.80000°N 74.78611°W / 9.80000; -74.78611 |
| Map | |
| **PLT**Location of the airport in Colombia | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  m ft  18/36 1,100 3,609 Dirt | |
| Source: GCM Google Maps | |


title: Veselí (Pardubice District)

abstract: Veselí is a municipality and village in Pardubice District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.

text:
# Veselí (Pardubice District)

**Veselí** is a municipality and village in Pardubice District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 327 |  |
| 1880 | 357 | +9.2% |
| 1890 | 344 | −3.6% |
| 1900 | 338 | −1.7% |
| 1910 | 301 | −10.9% |
| 1921 | 293 | −2.7% |
| 1930 | 333 | +13.7% |
| 1950 | 311 | −6.6% |
| 1961 | 376 | +20.9% |
| 1970 | 337 | −10.4% |
| 1980 | 314 | −6.8% |
| 1991 | 301 | −4.1% |
| 2001 | 296 | −1.7% |
| 2011 | 377 | +27.4% |
| 2021 | 356 | −5.6% |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## InfoBox

| Veselí | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Kindergarten by the main road | |
|  | |
| VeselíLocation in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 50°0′40″N 15°37′8″E / 50.01111°N 15.61889°E / 50.01111; 15.61889 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | Pardubice |
| District | Pardubice |
| First mentioned | 1401 |
| Area | |
| Total | 3.01 km2 (1.16 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 232 m (761 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01) | |
| Total | 396 |
| Density | 130/km2 (340/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 535 01 |
| Website | www.obecveseli.cz |