title: Falagria dissecta

abstract: Falagria dissecta is a species of rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Falagria dissecta

***Falagria dissecta*** is a species of rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae. It is found in North America.

## Further reading

* Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2015). *Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 2: Hydrophiloidea - Staphylinoidea*. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-90-04-29685-5.

## InfoBox

| *Falagria dissecta* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Staphylinidae |
| Genus: | *Falagria* |
| Species: | ***F. dissecta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Falagria dissecta***<br>Erichson, 1840 | |
|


title: Pak Gyong-sil

abstract: Pak Gyong-sil was a North Korean gymnast. She competed in six events at the 1992 Summer Olympics. She is known for introducing the Pak salto.

text:
# Pak Gyong-sil

**Pak Gyong-sil** (1 February 1975 – 16 July 2006) was a North Korean gymnast. She competed in six events at the 1992 Summer Olympics. She is known for introducing the Pak salto.

## Eponymous skill

The Pak salto is named after Pak in the Code of Points.

| Apparatus | Name | Description | Difficulty |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Uneven bars | Pak | Hang on high bar, facing low bar - swing forward, salto backward stretched between bars to clear support on low bar | D |

1. "Kim Jong Il Sends Wreath on Dancer's Death". *Korean Central News Agency*. Pyongyang. 17 July 2006.
2. Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Pak Gyong-sil Olympic Results". *Olympics at Sports-Reference.com*. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
3. "2022-2024 Code of Points Women's Artistic Gymnastics" (PDF). *International Gymnastics Federation*. p. 84, 207. Retrieved 22 January 2022.

## InfoBox

Pak Gyong-sil
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | North Korean |
| Born | (1975-02-01)1 February 1975 |
| Died | 16 July 2006(2006-07-16) (aged 31) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Gymnastics |
|  | |
| Korean name | |
| Chosŏn'gŭl | 박경실 |
| Revised Romanization | *Bak Gyeong-sil* |
| McCune–Reischauer | *Pak Kyŏng-sil* |
|  | |


title: Palaiyur

abstract: Palaiyur is a village within the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Palaiyur is located 282 kilometers from Chennai, in Kuttalam Taluk, which is in the Mayiladuthurai district and shares close border with the Thanjavur district. The current population is just under 2,000. Nearby villages include: Peravoor, Nakkambadi, S.Pudur, Kokkur, and Srikandapuram. Nakkambadi (2 km), Manthai (3 km), Konerirajapuram (3 km), Peravur (3 km), Kodimangalam (4 km) are the nearby villages. Palaiyur is surrounded by Kodavasal Block towards the south, Tiruvidaimarudur Block towards the west, Nannilam Block towards the east, Thiruppanandal Block towards the north. Kumbakonam, Mayiladuthurai, Thiruvarur, Karaikal are the nearby Cities to Palaiyur. It is in the border of the Nagapattinam District and Thanjavur District. Thanjavur District Thiruppanandal is to the north.

text:
# Palaiyur

**Palaiyur** is a village within the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Palaiyur is located 282 kilometers from Chennai, in Kuttalam Taluk, which is in the Mayiladuthurai district and shares close border with the Thanjavur district. The current population is just under 2,000. Nearby villages include: Peravoor, Nakkambadi, S.Pudur, Kokkur, and Srikandapuram.

Nakkambadi (2 km), Manthai (3 km), Konerirajapuram (3 km), Peravur (3 km), Kodimangalam (4 km) are the nearby villages. Palaiyur is surrounded by Kodavasal Block towards the south, Tiruvidaimarudur Block towards the west, Nannilam Block towards the east, Thiruppanandal Block towards the north.

Kumbakonam, Mayiladuthurai, Thiruvarur, Karaikal are the nearby Cities to Palaiyur.

It is in the border of the Nagapattinam District and Thanjavur District. Thanjavur District Thiruppanandal is to the north.

## Geography

Palaiyur Village Gram Panchayath name is Palaiyur. Palaiyur is 8 km from sub-district headquarters Kuthalam and is 14 km from district headquarters Mayiladuthurai. The nearest statutory town is Kuthalam, 8 km away. Palaiyur's total area is 327.91 hectares; non-agricultural area is 88.84 hectares and total irrigated area is 327.78 hectares.

## Demographics

### Population

Palaiyur Local Language is Tamil. Palaiyur Village Total population is 2737 and number of houses are 699. Female Population is 49.1%. Village literacy rate is 71.7% and the Female Literacy rate is 31.3%.

| Census Parameter | Census Data |
| --- | --- |
| Total Population | 2737 |
| Total No of Houses | 699 |
| Female Population % | 49.1 % (1345) |
| Total Literacy rate % | 71.7 % (1962) |
| Female Literacy rate | 31.3 % (856) |
| Scheduled Tribes Population % | 0.0 % (0) |
| Scheduled Caste Population % | 30.1 % (823) |
| Working Population % | 44.0 % |
| Child (0 -6) Population by 2011 | 293 |
| Girl Child (0 -6) Population % by 2011 | 49.1 % (144) |

## Government and politics

### Health

Near by Govt Hospital available at near by Village Srikandapuram and a veterinary hospital at Mela Ayyanarkudi.

### Civic Utility / Amenities / Services

It has a library, a Tamil Nadu Electricity Board office, a police station, a village officer office, a Tamil Nadu Civil Supplies Corporation office, an agricultural office and a RI office.

This village has a power supply with 12 hour power supply in summer and 10 hour power supply in winter, Anganwadi centre, ASHA, birth & death registration office, sports facilities, public library, daily newspaper and polling station are the other amenities in the village.

Hand pump and tube wells/boreholes are other drinking water sources.

Closed and open drainage systems are in this village. There is no system to collect garbage on street. Drain water is discharged into sewer plant.

### Communication

Post Office is available in this Village. Land line phones are available. Mobile coverage is available. Nearest Internet centre is in 5 – 10 km. Private courier facility available in this village. Palaiyur Pin code is 612203 and it has Sub post office.

## Economy

Nearest ATM is in 1–3 km. Nearest Commercial Bank is in less than 3 km. Nearest Cooperative Bank is in 5 – 10 km. Agricultural Credit Society and Mandis/Regular Market are available in this village.

### Agriculture

Paddy, sugarcane, cotton and pulses are agriculture commodities grow in this village.12 hours agricultural power supply in summer and 8 hours agricultural power supply in winter is available in this village. Total irrigated area in this village is 327.78 hectares from canals 322.78 hectares and from Boreholes/Tube wells 5 hectares are the Sources of irrigation. Rice, cotton, and corn are major commercial crops. The soil in the district is predominantly red sand, with scattered patches of black soil. The soil in Palaiyur consists mainly of glade soil; the soil in the district is best suited for raising dry crops.

Additional crops grown include bananas, coconuts, onions, turmeric, chili peppers, ground nuts, sesame, millet, carrots, lettuce, and turnips.

## Transport

### By Road

Public and private bus services are available in this village. No nearest National Highway in less than 10 km. It is located in State Highway SH-147 which is connecting Kumbakonam-Karaikal.

It serves a main bus stop near by villages like Kanjuvoy, Nallavur and Karanur. Regular bus services are available to Mayiladuthurai, Karikal and Kumbakonam.

### By Rail

Nearest railway station is in 5 – 10 km at Peralam Junction (PEM), Kumbakonam station (KUM) and Kuthalam station.

## Education

Government Primary Schools are in this village. The nearest higher secondary schools are in Srikantapuram. The nearest private engineering college is in Thirumangalagudi and Kumbakonam. Nearest Govt Medical College is in Thiruvarur and Thanjavur. Nearest private disabled school and private ITA College are in Mayiladuthurai. Nearest Private Polytechnic College is in Kollumangudi. Nearest Govt Arts and Science Degree College and Govt MBA college are in Kumbakonam.

12°36′N 79°56′E / 12.600°N 79.933°E / 12.600; 79.933


title: Palaiyam railway station

abstract: Palaiyam railway station is an NSG–6 category Indian railway station in Salem railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is a railway junction serves Omalur and its surrounding areas in Salem, Tamil Nadu. This railway junction also serves as a satellite station for Salem Junction. All the trains halting/passing via Salem Junction from Bengaluru and Mettur stop at Omalur Junction. This station lies on the junction of lines to Bengaluru via Dharmapuri and Hosur and Mettur. It is a railway station situated in Palaiyam, Dindigul district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The station is an intermediate station on the newly commissioned Salem Junction–Karur Junction line which became operational in May 2013. The station is operated by the Southern Railway zone of the Indian Railways and comes under the Salem railway division.

text:
# Palaiyam railway station

**Palaiyam railway station** (station code: PALM) is an NSG–6 category Indian railway station in Salem railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is a railway junction serves Omalur and its surrounding areas in Salem, Tamil Nadu. This railway junction also serves as a satellite station for Salem Junction. All the trains halting/passing via Salem Junction from Bengaluru and Mettur stop at Omalur Junction. This station lies on the junction of lines to Bengaluru via Dharmapuri and Hosur and Mettur. It is a railway station situated in Palaiyam, Dindigul district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The station is an intermediate station on the newly commissioned Salem JunctionKarur Junction line which became operational in May 2013. The station is operated by the Southern Railway zone of the Indian Railways and comes under the Salem railway division.

## InfoBox

| Palaiyam | |
| --- | --- |
| Indian Railways station | |
| General information | |
| Location | Palaiyam, Tamil Nadu, India |
| Coordinates | 10°43′08″N 78°07′45″E / 10.7189°N 78.1291°E / 10.7189; 78.1291 |
| Elevation | 205 metres (673 ft) |
| Owned by | Indian Railways |
| Line(s) | Salem–Karur–Dindigul line |
| Platforms | 1 |
| Tracks | 1 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | On-ground |
| Other information | |
| Station code | PALM |
| Zone(s) | Southern Railway zone |
| Division(s) | Salem |
| Fare zone | Southern Railway zone |
| History | |
| Electrified | No |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  PalaiyamLocation within IndiaPalaiyamPalaiyam (Tamil Nadu) | |


title: Famatina mining protests

abstract: The Famatina mining protests opposed gold mining in La Rioja, Argentina beginning in 2011. Osisko Mining Corporation, based in Montreal, Canada, signed an agreement in August 2011 with La Rioja's state mining corporation “Energia y Minerales Sociedad del Estado”(ESME) to develop the Famatina gold project. This project would cover an area of 40 km⁲ in the Famatina Mountain Range. Osisko agreed to pay US$500 000 to ESME within 15 days of the signing and invest $US 10 million within the first year of exploration. The terms also stated the division of profits from the project; 70% for Osisko, 30% for ESME.

text:
# Famatina mining protests

The **Famatina mining protests** opposed gold mining in La Rioja, Argentina beginning in 2011.

Osisko Mining Corporation, based in Montreal, Canada, signed an agreement in August 2011 with La Rioja's state mining corporation “Energia y Minerales Sociedad del Estado”(ESME) to develop the Famatina gold project. This project would cover an area of 40 km2 in the Famatina Mountain Range. Osisko agreed to pay US$500 000 to ESME within 15 days of the signing and invest $US 10 million within the first year of exploration. The terms also stated the division of profits from the project; 70% for Osisko, 30% for ESME.

## Politics

Provincial Governor Luis Beder Herrera was elected in March 2007 on an anti-mining platform. In 2008 however, Provincial Governor Luis Beder Herrera supported the repealing of the Provincial Laws Nº 8137 & 8138, passed in 2007, which banned open-pit mineral mining and the use of cyanide, mercury and any other contaminant in mining activities in La Rioja. He is a supporter of Osisko's project.

The Mayor of Famatina, Ismael Bardogaray, strongly opposes Osisko's presence in Famatina and the development of any mining activity for the region. In January 2012, he contacted the President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner for support to no avail.

## Protests

Residents of Famatina began to protest in August 2011, when the agreement for development was signed.

On January 2, 2012, residents initiated a roadblock to prevent the Osisko Mining Corporation from accessing the mountain range, anticipating the exploration activities which were scheduled to begin on January 16, 2012. Despite intimidation tactics used by Provincial Governor Luis Beder Herrera, the demonstrators stood their ground until Osisko suspended the project on January 30, 2012.

Protesters, including the Mayor of Famatina, Ismael Bardogaray, the local Priest, and an estimated 50% of Famatina's population of roughly 7000, expressed their concern regarding the depletion and pollution of their scarce water resources and massive environmental destruction, common outcomes of open-pit gold mines which use the gold cyanidation process. Protesters were not interested in negotiating royalties. “The people of Famatina do not see mining as a development option for our region”, stated Bardogaray.

Demonstrations in support of the people of Famatina erupted across the country. In Buenos Aires, hundreds protested around the Obelisk (the national monument), and in front of the Canadian Embassy. In the capital of La Rioja, 10 000 people gathered before the Provincial Government House, demanding the cancellation of the Famatina Project, or the resignation of Beder Herrera otherwise.

## Repression and Black List

On December 16, 2011, representatives of the Osisko Mining Corporation accidentally left behind files following a meeting with members of the municipal government. These files were identified to be a “black list”, or list of names of people actively involved in the opposition to the mining project. The list included information such as their age and profession, and whether they were ‘leaders’ or ‘protagonists’ of the opposition. Following the discovery of the list, Osisko representatives maintained that they had the “right to adequate information for decision-making” and that the information on the list was required for “transparency”.

In response to the roadblock in January, Governor Beder Herrera sent in a local police squad, which did not engage in repressive action on the protesters. Beder Herrera then sent a specialized anti-riot squad. This prompted Nobel Laureate Adolfo Perez Esquivel to write the governor a letter reminding him of the population's right to protest and warning him against the use of repression.

## Suspension

On January 30, 2012, the Osisko Mining Corporation announced that they would suspend exploration activities due to “community protests and media reports and requests.”

In a press release, Osisko denied claims of a “mega-mining” project, and explained that the project is not a mining project, but an exploration project at this point. The press release stated: “If there is no social license for exploration and development around the Famatina project area, no work will be conducted.” Osisko also stressed their commitment to socially and environmentally sound exploration methods. They are planning a community consultation program and hope to reassure residents of Famatina about the potential environmental and economic impacts a mining project in their area could have.

In July 2013, the La Rioja province government rescinded the concession for the gold mine.


abstract: Farewell is the eighth studio recording released by the Toshiko Akiyoshi – Lew Tabackin Big Band. The album received a 1980 Grammy award nomination for "Best Jazz Instrumental Performance - Big Band."

text:
# Farewell (Toshiko Akiyoshi – Lew Tabackin Big Band album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide* |  |

***Farewell*** is the eighth studio recording released by the Toshiko Akiyoshi – Lew Tabackin Big Band. The album received a 1980 Grammy award nomination for "Best Jazz Instrumental Performance - Big Band."

## Track listing

All songs composed and arranged by Toshiko Akiyoshi:

LP side A

1. "After Mr. Teng" – 8:46
2. "Song for the Harvest" – 6:47
3. "Shades of Yellow" – 6:09

LP side B

1. "Autumn Sea" – 8:46
2. "Farewell (to Mingus)" – 10:13

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Farewell | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Toshiko Akiyoshi – Lew Tabackin Big Band | |
| Released | 1980 |
| Recorded | Devonshire Recording Studio, Los Angeles, California, January 10–11, 1980 |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 40:41 |
| Label | Victor (Japan) / Ascent |
| Producer | Toshiko Akiyoshi and Lew Tabackin |
| Toshiko Akiyoshi – Lew Tabackin Big Band chronology | |
| *Sumi-e*
(1979) ***Farewell***
(1980) *From Toshiko with Love*
(1981) | |


title: Hennstedt, Steinburg

abstract: Hennstedt is a municipality in the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

text:
# Hennstedt, Steinburg

**Hennstedt** is a municipality in the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

## Geography and Transport

Hennstedt is located approximately ten kilometers north of Kellinghusen in the Aukrug Nature Park. The rivers Bullenbach, Kirchweddelbach, and Aubek flow through the municipality. Near the town is the Itzespitze, the highest elevation in the Steinburg district. The state roads 121 and 123 intersect in Hennstedt.

## History

The town was first mentioned in writing as the property of Rotmar von Henstide in the year 1148.

## Politics

### Municipal council

In the municipal election held on May 14, 2023, a total of nine seats were allocated. The Hennstedt Municipal Voters' Association received five seats, and the General Voters' Association Hennstedt received four seats.

## Coat of arms

The municipality was granted its own coat of arms in 2011 with the aim of strengthening local identity. The coat of arms, designed by the graphic artist Uwe Nagel, is described as follows: A red cartwheel adorns a silver background above a green hill with six golden bricks; it is bordered at the top by a thrice-curved blue chief.

The three mountains and the hill illustrate Hennstedt's elevated position compared to neighboring communities. The five-spoke cartwheel symbolizes the roads leading to the surrounding villages. The golden bricks refer to the former brickworks and their economic significance. The green of the hill alludes to the importance of agriculture, while the remaining colors, blue, white, and red, correspond to the state colors of Schleswig-Holstein.

## Leisure, tourism, sights

In Hennstedt, one can find the bathing area Seelust, one of the few bathing spots in the Aukrug Nature Park.

Hennstedt is home to the sports club SV Kickers Hennstedt, which offers sports such as football (men/youth), women's handball, gymnastics, and tennis.

The neo-Gothic Christ Church was built in 1907 according to the plans of the Hamburg architect Hugo Groothoff.

A prominent landmark in Hennstedt is the 158-meter-high Hennstedt Telecommunications Tower, visible from afar.

## InfoBox

| Hennstedt | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Location of Hennstedt within Steinburg district | |
| Hennstedt Hennstedt | |
| Coordinates: 54°2′N 9°43′E / 54.033°N 9.717°E / 54.033; 9.717 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Schleswig-Holstein |
| District | Steinburg |
| Municipal assoc. | Kellinghusen |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Klaus Rehder |
| Area | |
| Total | 10.33 km2 (3.99 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 67 m (220 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 619 |
| Density | 60/km2 (160/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 25581 |
| Dialling codes | 04877 |
| Vehicle registration | IZ |
| Website | www.kellinghusen.de |


title: Melike İpek Yalova

abstract: Melike İpek Yalova is a Turkish actress. She is also the daughter of the former minister of state Yüksel Yalova. After studying international communications at Bilkent University, Yalova studied international politics and crisis management at the Sapienza University of Rome. She made her debut as an actress in 2011, with a recurring role in the Turkish historical drama Muhteşem Yüzyıl, in which she portrayed a Castilian princess named Isabella. Between 2012 and 2015, she had a leading role in the drama series Karadayı. She then had brief roles in the series Hayat Şarkısı, Çember and İnsanlık Suçu. The next year she was cast in a leading role in series Bir Zamanlar Çukurova.

text:
# Melike İpek Yalova

**Melike İpek Yalova** (born 29 April 1984) is a Turkish actress . She is also the daughter of the former minister of state Yüksel Yalova.

After studying international communications at Bilkent University, Yalova studied international politics and crisis management at the Sapienza University of Rome. She made her debut as an actress in 2011, with a recurring role in the Turkish historical drama *Muhteşem Yüzyıl*, in which she portrayed a Castilian princess named Isabella. Between 2012 and 2015, she had a leading role in the drama series *Karadayı*. She then had brief roles in the series *Hayat Şarkısı*, *Çember* and *İnsanlık Suçu*. The next year she was cast in a leading role in series *Bir Zamanlar Çukurova*.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes | Network |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2011 | *Muhteşem Yüzyıl* | Isabella Fortuna | TV series | Show TV |
| 2012–2015 | *Karadayı* | Ayten | TV series | ATV |
| 2016 | *Hayat Şarkısı* | Suzi | TV series | Kanal D |
| 2017 | *Çember* | Leyla | TV series | Star TV |
| 2018 | *Can Feda* | Doctor Seher | Film |  |
| 2018 | *İnsanlık Suçu* | Cevher Akışık | TV series | Kanal D |
| 2019–2021 | *Bir Zamanlar Çukurova* | Müjgan Hekimoğlu | TV series | ATV |
| 2021–2022 | *Mahkum* | Büge Yesari | TV series | Fox |

## InfoBox

| Melike İpek Yalova | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1984-04-29) 29 April 1984<br>Istanbul, Turkey |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 2011–present |
| Spouse | Altuğ Gültan  (m. 2019; div. 2021) |


title: Newcastle Number 1 Sports Ground

abstract: Newcastle Number 1 Sports Ground is a multi-use stadium located in Newcastle, New South Wales, and has a nominated capacity of approximately 10,000. It neighbours Newcastle Number 2 Sports Ground.

text:
# Newcastle Number 1 Sports Ground

**Newcastle Number 1 Sports Ground** is a multi-use stadium located in Newcastle, New South Wales, and has a nominated capacity of approximately 10,000. It neighbours Newcastle Number 2 Sports Ground.

## Cricket

It is currently used mostly for cricket matches, located within National Park. The ground first hosted First-class cricket in 1981 when New South Wales played Queensland. Ground was for many years a stopover on the tour itinerary for many visiting teams as they faced the Northern New South Wales XI. In 1981/82 the ground was allocated a Sheffield Shield match when the SCG was unavailable, and healthy crowds saw No.1 then become host to at least one first-class fixture per year.

Newcastle District Cricket Association also use the Sports Ground for 1st grade matches. It is used primarily for the grand final held every March. In March 2009, Belmont DCC defeated Toronto Workers Kookaburras at the ground to win the premiership.

As of 2014, 20 First-class matches had been played at the ground, the last in 2009. The ground will play host to a match between New South Wales Blues against Western Australia Warriors in Sheffield Shield played from February 25 to 28.

The ground will receive a multi million-dollar upgrade in September 2020. The upgrade will consist of new concrete seating to be added to increase the seating capacity of the ground from 400 to 790 along the Parry St side of the ground, new lighting, drainage, a new fence and sightscreens, resurfacing and a new cricket square with the size of the playing field increased to cater for pre-season Australian Football League games. This will mean that the Newcastle City AFC will have to play at another venue, potentially Hawkins Oval, until No.1 reopens.

The venue could potentially host an AFL Women's fixture in 2022.

## Other uses

No. 1 Sports Ground is currently used for Australian rules football, cricket and rugby league and has been used for athletics, rugby union and association football at various times. It also hosts the local rugby league and Australian rules football grand finals each year, and is currently used as a home ground by the Newcastle City Australian rules football and cricket clubs.

### International soccer matches

The stadium has also been used for three international friendly matches across three different decades all of which featured the Australia men's national soccer team. The first match was against India on 17 September 1938 which ended in a 4–1 victory for India.

## Concerts

From 2018 onwards, concerts associated with the Supercars Championship motor racing event, the Newcastle 500, have been held at the venue. A Simple Minds concert took place on 24 November 2018 as part of their "Walk Between Worlds Tour", but a Kiss concert scheduled for 23 November 2019 as part of their One Last Kiss: End of the Road World Tour was cancelled along with the rest of the Australian/New Zealand tour dates.

## Attendance records

**Top 5 Sports Attendance Records**

| No. | Date | Teams | Sport | Competition | Crowd |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 7 February 2007 | New South Wales v. South Australia | Cricket | T20 | 10,652 |
| 2 | 12 March 2005 | Sydney Swans v. Collingwood Magpies | Australian rules football | AFL (preseason) | 5,002 |
| 3 | 24 October 2004 | New South Wales v. Tasmania | Cricket | ING Cup | 3,816 |
| 4 | 13 March 2004 | Sydney Swans v. Essendon Bombers | Australian rules football | AFL (preseason) | 3,405 |
| 5 | 18 March 2006 | Sydney Swans v. St Kilda Saints | Australian rules football | AFL (preseason) | 3,203 |

*Last updated on 13 July 2014*

32°55′53″S 151°45′48″E / 32.93139°S 151.76333°E / -32.93139; 151.76333 Starting in the 2009 season, the no 1 Sports ground is also hosting Football (Soccer), as home ground to the inner city's top football club, Cooks Hill United who compete in the ID2 regional competition.

## InfoBox

No. 1 Sports Ground
| No. 1 Sports Ground | |
| --- | --- |
| Ground information | |
| Location | Newcastle, New South Wales |
| Establishment | 1876 |
| Capacity | 10,000 |
| Owner | Newcastle District Cricket Association |
| Operator | Cricket NSW |
| Tenants | New South Wales
Newcastle City Sabres(1854-present) Newcastle City Australian Football Club (1883-present) |
| **End names** | |
| Parry Street End
National Park End | |
| International information | |
| First WODI | 3 February 2000:
Australia v  England |
| Last WODI | 10 March 2009:
Australia v  South Africa |
| As of 7 September 2020
Source: No. 1 Sports Ground | |


title: Utilitarian cake-cutting

abstract: Utilitarian cake-cutting is a rule for dividing a heterogeneous resource, such as a cake or a land-estate, among several partners with different cardinal utility functions, such that the sum of the utilities of the partners is as large as possible. It is a special case of the utilitarian social choice rule. Utilitarian cake-cutting is often not "fair"; hence, utilitarianism is often in conflict with fair cake-cutting.

text:
# Utilitarian cake-cutting

**Utilitarian cake-cutting** (also called **maxsum cake-cutting**) is a rule for dividing a heterogeneous resource, such as a cake or a land-estate, among several partners with different cardinal utility functions, such that the *sum* of the utilities of the partners is as large as possible. It is a special case of the utilitarian social choice rule. Utilitarian cake-cutting is often not "fair"; hence, utilitarianism is often in conflict with fair cake-cutting.

## Example

Consider a cake with two parts: chocolate and vanilla, and two partners: Alice and George, with the following valuations:

| Partner | Chocolate | Vanilla |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Alice | 9 | 1 |
| George | 6 | 4 |

The utilitarian rule gives each part to the partner with the highest utility. In this case, the utilitarian rule gives the entire chocolate to Alice and the entire Vanilla to George. The maxsum is 13.

The utilitarian division is not fair: it is not proportional since George receives less than half the total cake value, and it is not envy-free since George envies Alice.

## Notation

The cake is called $C$. It is usually assumed to be either a finite 1-dimensional segment, a 2-dimensional polygon or a finite subset of the multidimensional Euclidean plane $\mathbb {R} ^{d}$.

There are $n$ partners. Each partner $i$ has a personal value function $V\_{i}$ which maps subsets of $C$ ("pieces") to numbers.

$C$ has to be divided to $n$ disjoint pieces, one piece per partner. The piece allocated to partner $i$ is called $X\_{i}$, and $C=X\_{1}\sqcup ...\sqcup X\_{n}$.

A division $X$ is called *utilitarian* or *utilitarian-maximal* or *maxsum* if it maximizes the following expression:

$$\sum \_{i=1}^{n}{V\_{i}(X\_{i})}$$

The concept is often generalized by assigning a different weight to each partner. A division $X$ is called *weighted-utilitarian-maximal* (WUM) if it maximizes the following expression:

$$\sum \_{i=1}^{n}{\frac {V\_{i}(X\_{i})}{w\_{i}}}$$

where the $w\_{i}$ are given positive constants.

## Maxsum and Pareto-efficiency

Every WUM division with positive weights is obviously Pareto-efficient. This is because, if a division $Y$ Pareto-dominates a division $X$, then the weighted sum-of-utilities in $Y$ is strictly larger than in $X$, so $X$ cannot be a WUM division.

What's more surprising is that *every* Pareto-efficient division is WUM for some selection of weights.

## Characterization of the utilitarian rule

Christopher P. Chambers suggests a characterization to the WUM rule. The characterization is based on the following properties of a division rule *R*:

* **Pareto-efficiency (PE)**: the rule *R* returns only divisions which are Pareto-efficient.
* **Division independence (DI)**: whenever a cake is partitioned to several sub-cakes and each cake is divided according to rule *R*, the result is the same as if the original cake were partitioned according to *R*.
* **Independence of infeasible land (IIL)**: whenever a sub-cake is divided according to *R*, the result does not depend on the utilities of the partners in the other sub-cakes.
* **Positive treatment of equals (PTE)**: whenever all partners have the same utility function, *R* recommends at least one division that gives a positive utility to each partner.
* **Scale-invariance (SI)**: whenever the utility functions of the partners are multiplied by constants (a possibly different constant to each partner), the recommendations given by *R* do not change.
* **Continuity (CO)**: for a fixed piece of cake, the set of utility profiles which map to a specific allocation is a closed set under pointwise convergence.

The following is proved for partners that assign positive utility to every piece of cake with positive size:

* If *R* is PE DI and IIL, then there exists a sequence of weights $w\_{1},\dots ,w\_{n}$ such that all divisions recommended by *R* are WUM with these weights (it is known that every PE division is WUM with *some* weights; the news are that all divisions recommended by *R* are WUM with *the same* weights. This follows from the DI property).
* If *R* is PE DI IIL and PTE, then all divisions recommended by *R* are utilitarian-maximal (in other words, all divisions must be WUM and all agents must have equal weights. This follows from the PTE property).
* If *R* is PE DI IIL and SI, then *R* is a dictatorial rule - it gives the entire cake to a single partner.
* If *R* is PE DI IIL and CO, then there exists a sequence of weights $w\_{1},\dots ,w\_{n}$ such that *R* is a WUM rule with these weights (i.e. *R* recommends all and only WUM divisions with these weights).

## Finding utilitarian divisions

### Disconnected pieces

When the value functions are additive, maxsum divisions always exist. Intuitively, we can give each fraction of the cake to the partner that values it the most, as in the example above. Similarly, WUM divisions can be found by giving each fraction of the cake to the partner for whom the ratio $V\_{i}/w\_{i}$ is largest.

This process is easy to carry out when cake is *piecewise-homogeneous*, i.e., the cake can be divided to a finite number of pieces such that the value-density of each piece is constant for all partners.

When the cake is not piecewise-homogeneous, the above algorithm does not work since there is an infinite number of different "pieces" to consider.

Maxsum divisions still exist. This is a corollary of the Dubins–Spanier compactness theorem and it can also be proved using the Radon–Nikodym set.

However, no finite algorithm can find a maxsum division. **Proof**: A finite algorithm has value-data only about a finite number of pieces. I.e. there is only a finite number of subsets of the cake, for which the algorithm knows the valuations of the partners. Suppose the algorithm has stopped after having value-data about $k$ subsets. Now, it may be the case that all partners answered all the queries as if they have the *same* value measure. In this case, the largest possible utilitarian value that the algorithm can achieve is 1. However, it is possible that deep inside one of the $k$ pieces, there is a subset which two partners value differently. In this case, there exists a super-proportional division, in which each partner receives a value of more than $1/n$, so the sum of utilities is strictly more than 1. Hence, the division returned by the finite algorithm is not maxsum.

### Connected pieces

When the cake is 1-dimensional and the pieces must be connected, the simple algorithm of assigning each piece to the agent that values it the most no longer works, even with piecewise-constant valuations. In this case, the problem of finding a UM division is NP-hard, and furthermore no FPTAS is possible unless P=NP.

There is an 8-factor approximation algorithm, and a fixed-parameter tractable algorithm which is exponential in the number of players.

For every set of positive weights, a WUM division exists and can be found in a similar way.

## Maxsum and fairness

A maxsum division is not always fair; see the example above. Similarly, a fair division is not always maxsum.

One approach to this conflict is to bound the "price of fairness" - calculate upper and lower bounds on the amount of decrease in the sum of utilities, that is required for fairness. For more details, see price of fairness.

Another approach to combining efficiency and fairness is to find, among all possible fair divisions, a fair division with a highest sum-of-utilities:

### Finding utilitarian-fair allocations

The following algorithms can be used to find an envy-free cake-cutting with maximum sum-of-utilities, for a cake which is a 1-dimensional interval, when each person may receive disconnected pieces and the value functions are additive:

1. For $n$ partners with *piecewise-constant* valuations: divide the cake into *m* totally-constant regions. Solve a linear program with *nm* variables: each (agent, region) pair has a variable that determines the fraction of the region given to the agent. For each region, there is a constraint saying that the sum of all fractions from this region is 1; for each (agent, agent) pair, there is a constraint saying that the first agent does not envy the second one. Note that the allocation produced by this procedure might be highly fractioned.
2. For $2$ partners with *piecewise-linear* valuations: for each point in the cake, calculate the ratio between the utilities: $r=u\_{1}/u\_{2}$. Give partner 1 the points with $r\geq r^{\*}$ and partner 2 the points with $r\<r^{\*}$, where $r^{\*}$ is a threshold calculated so that the division is envy-free. In general $r^{\*}$ cannot be calculated because it might be irrational, but in practice, when the valuations are piecewise-linear, $r^{\*}$ can be approximated by an "irrational search" approximation algorithm. For any $\epsilon \>0$, The algorithm find an allocation that is $\epsilon $-EF (the value of each agent is at least the value of each other agent *minus* $\epsilon $), and attains a sum that is at least the maximum sum of an EF allocation. Its run-time is polynomial in the input and in $\log(1/\epsilon )$.
3. For $n$ partners with general valuations: additive approximation to envy and efficiency, based on the piecewise-constant-valuations algorithm.

### Properties of utilitarian-fair allocations

Brams, Feldman, Lai, Morgenstern and Procaccia study both envy-free (EF) and equitable (EQ) cake divisions, and relate them to maxsum and Pareto-optimality (PO). As explained above, maxsum allocations are always PO. However, when maxsum is constrained by fairness, this is not necessarily true. They prove the following:

* When there are two agents, maxsum-EF, maximum-EQ and maximum-EF-EQ allocations are always PO.
* When there are three or more agents with *piecewise-uniform* valuations, maxsum-EF allocations are always PO (since EF is equivalent to proportionality, which is preserved under Pareto improvements). However, there may be *no* maxsum-EQ and maxsum-EQ-EF allocations that are PO.
* When there are three or more agents with *piecewise-constant* valuations, there may be even no maxsum-EF allocations that are PO. For example, consider a cake with three regions and three agents with values:

| Alice | 51/101 | 50/101 | 0 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bob | 50/101 | 51/101 | 0 |
| Carl | 51/111 | 10/111 | 50/111 |

The maxsum rule gives region i to agent i, but it is not EF since Carl envies Alice. Using a linear program, it is possible to find the unique maxsum-EF allocation, and show that it must share both region 1 and region 2 between Alice and Bob. However, such allocation cannot be PO since Alice and Bob could both gain by swapping their shares in these regions.

* When all agents have *piecewise-linear* valuations, the utility-sum of a maxsum-EF allocation is at least as large as a maxsum-EQ allocation. This result extends to general valuations up to an additive approximation (i.e., ε-EF allocations have a utility-sum of at least EQ allocations  ε).

## Monotonicity properties of utilitarian cake-cutting

When the pieces may be *disconnected*, the absolute-utilitarian rule (maximizing the sum of non-normalized utilities) is resource-monotonic and population-monotonic. The relative-utilitarian rule (maximizing the sum of normalized utilities) is population-monotonic but not resource-monotonic.

This no longer holds when the pieces are *connected.*


title: Museum Planning Area

abstract: The Museum Planning Area is a planning area located in the Central Area of the Central Region of Singapore. The area plays a "bridging role" between the Orchard area and the Downtown Core, which necessitates proper transport networks for vehicles, pedestrians and public transport. Due to the sheer size of green areas in the district, the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) has designated it a 'green lung' in the Central Area. However, the Museum Planning Area is also home to cultural and commercial activities. Around 65% of the area is available for future development, making it a hotbed for new infrastructure and buildings. Museum planning area is bounded by the planning areas of Newton and Rochor to the north, the Downtown Core to the southeast, Singapore River to the south, River Valley to the west and Orchard to the northwest.

text:
# Museum Planning Area

The **Museum Planning Area** is a planning area located in the Central Area of the Central Region of Singapore. The area plays a "bridging role" between the Orchard area and the Downtown Core, which necessitates proper transport networks for vehicles, pedestrians and public transport. Due to the sheer size of green areas in the district, the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) has designated it a 'green lung' in the Central Area. However, the Museum Planning Area is also home to cultural and commercial activities. Around 65% of the area is available for future development, making it a hotbed for new infrastructure and buildings.

Museum planning area is bounded by the planning areas of Newton and Rochor to the north, the Downtown Core to the southeast, Singapore River to the south, River Valley to the west and Orchard to the northwest.

## History

Ten national monuments are located within the Museum Planning Area, namely the Armenian Church, the Cathedral of the Good Shepherd, Cathay Building (now The Cathay), the Central Fire Station, the House of Tan Yeok Nee, the MacDonald House, the Old Tao Nan School (Peranakan Museum), the National Museum of Singapore, the Old Hill Street Police Station and the Singapore Art Museum/Former Saint Joseph's Institution. The area is home to significant events such as the Battle of Singapore and MacDonald House bombing.

Other historical sites include:

## Geography

The Museum Planning Area is bordered by Rochor to the northeast, the Downtown Core to the southeast, the Singapore River Area to the southwest, River Valley to the west and Newton and Orchard to the northwest. The area is roughly bounded by Hill Street, River Valley Road, Clemenceau Avenue and Bras Basah Road. It is the smallest urban planning area, with an area of 83 hectares.

Parks and open spaces take up a third of the area of the Museum Planning Area, and include Fort Canning, Istana Park and Bras Basah Park, which can be used for recreational purposes. Collectively, these places will form the so-called 'green lung' of the Central Area. Terraces have been proposed to allow for "a more prominent and convenient access" to the Fort Canning area.

## Institutions

The Museum Planning Area is Singapore's "institutional hub", with 11% of land set aside for institutional use and reserve sites to be safeguarded for future institutions. The many museums in the area, which give the Museum District its name, include the National Museum of Singapore, the Singapore Art Museum, the Asian Civilisations Museum, the National Archives of Singapore and the Singapore Philatelic Museum.

The arts scene is vibrant in the area, with The Substation, the Singapore Calligraphy Centre, the YMS Arts Centre and the Singapore Dance Ensemble all located within its boundaries. Scattered throughout the area are places of worship such as churches, mosques, Hindu temples and synagogues. The Registry of Marriages and the sprawling Singapore Management University campus are also located in the area.

## Residential development

Despite its prime location, residential projects were only allocated 1% of the land area, and the Museum Planning Area was criticised for lacking residential zoning. Due to the lack of residents, there were fears that the area would become a "ghost town" at night. Furthermore, the concept of living within the Central Area had gained popularity, and up-market skyscraper condominiums could be built. The greenery of the Museum Planning Area could provide a peaceful environment for living.

The URA replied that several plots of land had been sold for residential-commercial mixed use, and that more housing developments were to be planned and constructed. The URA emphasised the importance of the area as a transition between the central business district and shopping areas, as well as the green, pedestrian-friendly nature of the URA's plan for the area.

## Commercial development

The Museum Planning Area is home to various shopping malls, including Park Mall, Plaza Singapura, The Cathay, Singapore Shopping Centre and The Atrium @ Orchard. More vacant land will be set aside for commercial uses, especially around Dhoby Ghaut MRT station and Bras Basah MRT station. These will be properly integrated and connected with the respective stations.

Hotels in the area include Bayview Hotel Singapore and Hotel Rendezvous. Furthermore, a hotel development at the foot of Fort Canning Hill near the junction of Clemenceau Avenue and River Valley Road is in the planning stages, and is meant to be a retreat from urban living "amidst lush greenery". Other developments are planned on reserved sites near Fort Canning, but details have not been released.

## Transport

The Museum Planning Area is served by four Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) stations: Dhoby Ghaut, Bras Basah, Fort Canning and Bencoolen. The North–South Line and the North East Line can only be accessible from Dhoby Ghaut while the Circle Line can be accessible from both Dhoby Ghaut and Bras Basah, while the Downtown Line is accessible from Fort Canning and Bencoolen. The Central Expressway's Chin Swee Tunnel also passes under the area.

### Roads

#### Improvements

Several changes to the road network in the area will be implemented, including the construction of Fort Canning Tunnel and the realignment of Stamford Road and Handy Road. The rationale for the improvements is increased traffic from Marina Centre and relieving the traffic congestion along Orchard Road. Furthermore, a new road network has been put in place to ensure smooth traffic flow after the full development of land around the MRT Stations.

#### Major roads

### Pedestrian linkages

The Development Guide Plan for the Museum Planning Area envisages "a comprehensive pedestrian network linking developments, parks and open spaces". New promenades and pedestrian malls are planned for the area to enhance and connect existing sidewalks. A web of underpasses and covered walkways will link Orchard, the Singapore River, Raffles City and Marina Centre.

1. "Singapore Infopedia – Development guide plan". National Library Board.
2. Museum (Planning Area, Singapore) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location
3. "Statistics Singapore - Geographic Distribution - 2018 Latest Data". Retrieved 11 February 2019.
1. "Museum Planning Area – An Institutional Hub". *Development Guide Plans*. Urban Redevelopment Authority. 13 March 1997.
2. Wong, Siong Yan (4 March 2006). "Don't Forget Museum District When Remaking Orchard Belt". *The Straits Times*.
3. Koh, Michael (13 March 2006). "Plans for the Museum District well underway". *The Straits Times*.

## InfoBox

| Museum | |
| --- | --- |
| Planning Area | |
| Other transcription(s) | |
| Chinese | 博物馆 (Simplified)
博物館 (Traditional)
*Bówùguǎn* (Pinyin)
*Phok-bu̍t-koán* (Hokkien POJ) |
| Malay | *Muzium* (Rumi)
موزيوم (Jawi) |
| Tamil | அருங்காட்சியகம்
*Aruṅkāṭciyakam* (Transliteration) |
| From top left to right: National Museum of Singapore, Peranakan Museum, Singapore Art Museum, Aerial view of Bras Basah, Raffles Terrace in Fort Canning Park, Istana Park, The Luxe, The Cathay and SOTA at night | |
| Location in Central Region | |
| MuseumLocation of Museum within Singapore | |
| Coordinates: 1°17′47.8″N 103°50′54.6″E / 1.296611°N 103.848500°E / 1.296611; 103.848500 | |
| Country | Singapore |
| Region | Central Region   --- |
| CDC |  |
| Town council | * Tanjong Pagar Town Council |
| Constituency |  |
| DGP exhibited |  |
| PA incorporated | * 22 January 1999 |
| Government | |
| Mayor | **Central Singapore CDC**   --- |
| Members of Parliament | **Tanjong Pagar GRC** **Jalan Besar GRC** |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.83 km2 (0.32 sq mi) |
| Rank | 54th |
| Population (2019) | |
| Total | 420 |
| Rank | 40th |
| Density | 510/km2 (1,300/sq mi) |
| Rank | 35th |
| Demonym | **Official*** Museum resident |
| Postal district | 09 |


title: Neoromicia

abstract:
Neoromicia is a genus of vesper bat in the family Vespertilionidae. It contains the following species:
  - Anchieta's serotine
  - Kirindy serotine
  - Yellow serotine
  - Tiny serotine
  - Melck's house bat
  - Somali serotine
  - Zulu serotine This genus formerly contained many more species, but most of these were reclassified into Afronycteris, Laephotis, or Pseudoromicia.

text:
# Neoromicia

***Neoromicia*** is a genus of vesper bat in the family Vespertilionidae. It contains the following species:

This genus formerly contained many more species, but most of these were reclassified into *Afronycteris*, *Laephotis*, or *Pseudoromicia*.

## InfoBox

| *Neoromicia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Somali serotine (*N. somalica*) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Chiroptera |
| Family: | Vespertilionidae |
| Subfamily: | Vespertilioninae |
| Tribe: | Vespertilionini |
| Genus: | *Neoromicia*
Roberts, 1926 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Eptesicus zuluensis*
Roberts, 1924 | |
| Species | |
| See text | |


abstract: The 10th Parliament of Tanzania was the legislature of Tanzania following the 2010 general election of Members of Parliament (MPs) to the unicameral National Assembly.

text:
# List of MPs elected in the 2010 Tanzania general election

The **10th Parliament of Tanzania** was the legislature of Tanzania following the 2010 general election of Members of Parliament (MPs) to the unicameral National Assembly.

## Graphical representation

The National Assembly has a total of 357 seats. This includes the 239 directly contested parliamentary constituencies.

| Party key |  | Chama Cha Mapinduzi | CCM |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| |  | Tanzania Labour Party | TLP |
| |  | United Democratic Party | UDP |
| |  | National Convention for Construction and Reform – Mageuzi | NCCR–Mageuzi |
| |  | Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo | CHADEMA |
| |  | Civic United Front | CUF |

## List of MPs elected in the general election

| Region | Constituency | Portrait | Title | Name | Party | | Votes | Per cent |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Arusha | Arumeru East |  | Hon. | Jeremiah Sumari |  | CCM | 34,661 | 62.23 |
| Arusha | Arumeru West |  | Hon. | Goodluck Ole-Medeye |  | CCM | 36,075 | 54.89 |
| Arusha | Arusha Urban |  | Hon. | Godbless Lema |  | CHADEMA | 56,196 | 57.68 |
| Arusha | Karatu |  | Hon. Rev. | Israel Natse |  | CHADEMA | 41,109 | 59.18 |
| Arusha | Longido |  | Hon. | Michael Laizer |  | CCM | 17,687 | 86.81 |
| Arusha | Monduli |  | Hon. | Edward Lowassa |  | CCM | 30,236 | 90.93 |
| Arusha | Ngorongoro |  | Hon. | Kaika Telele |  | CCM | 17,507 | 80.12 |
| Dar es Salaam | Ilala |  | Hon. | Mussa Zungu |  | CCM | 25,940 | 66.77 |
| Dar es Salaam | Kawe |  | Hon. | Halima Mdee |  | CHADEMA | 43,365 | 43.17 |
| Dar es Salaam | Kigamboni |  | Hon. Dr. | Faustine Ndugulile |  | CCM | 53,389 | 50.07 |
| Dar es Salaam | Kinondoni |  | Hon. | Idd Azzan |  | CCM | 51,372 | 49.18 |
| Dar es Salaam | Segerea |  | Hon. | Milton Mahanga |  | CCM | 43,554 | 41.70 |
| Dar es Salaam | Temeke |  | Hon. | Abas Mtemvu |  | CCM | 58,339 | 48.21 |
| Dar es Salaam | Ubungo |  | Hon. | John Mnyika |  | CHADEMA | 66,742 | 49.56 |
| Dar es Salaam | Ukonga |  | Hon. | Eugen Mwaiposa |  | CCM | 28,000 | 53.07 |
| Dodoma | Bahi |  | Hon. | Omary Badwel |  | CCM | 30,266 | 91.10 |
| Dodoma | Chilonwa |  | Hon. | Hezekiah Chibulunje |  | CCM | 19,021 | 80.57 |
| Dodoma | Dodoma Urban |  | Hon. | David Mallole |  | CCM | 52,426 | 71.06 |
| Dodoma | Kibakwe |  | Hon. | George Simbachawene |  | CCM | 22,418 | 77.12 |
| Dodoma | Kondoa North |  | Hon. | Zabein Mhita |  | CCM | 33,413 | 59.74 |
| Dodoma | Kondoa South |  | Hon. | Juma Nkamia |  | CCM | 38,876 | 79.49 |
| Dodoma | Kongwa |  | Hon. | Job Ndugai |  | CCM | Unopposed |  |
| Dodoma | Mpwapwa |  | Hon. | Gregory Teu |  | CCM | Unopposed |  |
| Dodoma | Mtera |  | Hon. | Livingstone Lusinde |  | CCM | 23,612 | 80.02 |
| Iringa | Iringa Urban |  | Hon. Rev. | Peter Msigwa |  | CHADEMA | 17,352 | 50.38 |
| Iringa | Ismani |  | Hon. | William Lukuvi |  | CCM | Unopposed |  |
| Iringa | Kalenga |  | Hon. | William Mgimwa |  | CCM | 31,421 | 84.39 |
| Iringa | Kilolo |  | Hon. Prof. | Peter Msolla |  | CCM | 45,719 | 90.97 |
| Iringa | Ludewa |  | Hon. | Deo Filikunjombe |  | CCM | Unopposed |  |
| Iringa | Makete |  | Hon. Dr. | Binilith Mahenge |  | CCM | 22,290 | 83.44 |
| Iringa | Mufindi North |  | Hon. | Mahmoud Mgimwa |  | CCM | Unopposed |  |
| Iringa | Mufindi South |  | Hon. | Mendrad Kigola |  | CCM | Unopposed |  |
| Iringa | Njombe North |  | Hon. | Deo Sanga |  | CCM | 29,644 | 73.17 |
| Iringa | Njombe South |  | Hon. | Anne Makinda |  | CCM | Unopposed |  |
| Iringa | Njombe West |  | Hon. Eng. | Gerson Lwenge |  | CCM | 29,743 | 66.87 |
| Kagera | Biharamulo West |  | Hon. | Antony Mbassa |  | CHADEMA | 20,828 | 48.40 |
| Kagera | Bukoba Rural |  | Hon. | Jason Rweikiza |  | CCM | 57,649 | 82.69 |
| Kagera | Bukoba Urban |  | Hon. Amb. | Khamis Kagasheki |  | CCM | 18,491 | 55.92 |
| Kagera | Chato |  | Hon. Dr. | John Magufuli |  | CCM | 36,142 | 66.39 |
| Kagera | Karagwe |  | Hon. | Gosbert Blandes |  | CCM | 36,063 | 52.78 |
| Kagera | Kyerwa |  | Hon. | Eustace Katagira |  | CCM | 40,260 | 61.82 |
| Kagera | Nkenge |  | Hon. | Assumpter Mshama |  | CCM | 23,772 | 94.74 |
| Kagera | Muleba North |  | Hon. | Charles Mwijage |  | CCM | 30,886 | 79.74 |
| Kagera | Muleba South |  | Hon. Prof. | Anna Tibaijuka |  | CCM | Unopposed |  |
| Kagera | Ngara |  | Hon. | Deogratias Ntukamazina |  | CCM | 37,502 | 61.43 |
| Kigoma | Buyungu |  | Hon. Eng. | Christopher Chiza |  | CCM | 17,040 | 50.56 |
| Kigoma | Kasulu Rural |  | Hon. | Agripina Buyogera |  | NCCR–Mageuzi | 26,130 | 54.58 |
| Kigoma | Kasulu Urban |  | Hon. | Moses Machali |  | NCCR–Mageuzi | 15,299 | 44.92 |
| Kigoma | Kigoma North |  | Hon. | Zitto Kabwe |  | CHADEMA | 23,366 | 49.50 |
| Kigoma | Kigoma South |  | Hon. | David Kafulila |  | NCCR–Mageuzi | 23,162 | 40.34 |
| Kigoma | Kigoma Urban |  | Hon. | Peter Serukamba |  | CCM | 20,594 | 47.87 |
| Kigoma | Manyovu |  | Hon. | Albert Ntabaliba |  | CCM | 20,954 | 44.81 |
| Kigoma | Muhambwe |  | Hon. | Felix Mkosamali |  | NCCR–Mageuzi | 25,574 | 56.46 |
| Kilimanjaro | Hai |  | Hon. | Freeman Mbowe |  | CHADEMA | 28,585 | 51.63 |
| Kilimanjaro | Moshi Rural |  | Hon. Dr. | Cyril Chami |  | CCM | 31,530 | 58.92 |
| Kilimanjaro | Moshi Urban |  | Hon. | Philemon Ndesamburo |  | CHADEMA | 28,697 | 62.31 |
| Kilimanjaro | Mwanga |  | Hon. Prof. | Jumanne Maghembe |  | CCM | 20,638 | 78.49 |
| Kilimanjaro | Rombo |  | Hon. | Joseph Selasini Shao |  | CHADEMA | 32,010 | 49.94 |
| Kilimanjaro | Same East |  | Hon. | Anne Malecela |  | CCM | 16,212 | 61.18 |
| Kilimanjaro | Same West |  | Hon. Dr. | David Mathayo David |  | CCM | 22,959 | 83.16 |
| Kilimanjaro | Siha |  | Hon. | Aggrey Mwanri |  | CCM | 15,255 | 64.38 |
| Kilimanjaro | Vunjo |  | Hon. | Augustino Mrema |  | Labour | 29,047 | 52.71 |
| Lindi | Lindi Urban |  | Hon. | Salum Barwany |  | CUF | 13,155 | 51.44 |
| Lindi | Kilwa North |  | Hon. | Murtaza Mangungu |  | CCM | 13,019 | 61.40 |
| Lindi | Kilwa South |  | Hon. | Selemani Bungara |  | CUF | 14,610 | 49.55 |
| Lindi | Liwale |  | Hon. | Faith Mitambo |  | CCM | 16,594 | 58.15 |
| Lindi | Mchinga |  | Hon. | Saidi Mtanda |  | CCM | 10,579 | 56.67 |
| Lindi | Mtama |  | Hon. | Bernard Membe |  | CCM | 26,625 | 81.76 |
| Lindi | Nachingwea |  | Hon. | Mathias Chikawe |  | CCM | 26,319 | 61.23 |
| Lindi | Ruangwa |  | Hon. | Majaliwa K. Majaliwa |  | CCM | 27,671 | 72.98 |
| Manyara | Babati Rural |  | Hon. | Jitu Soni |  | CCM | 32,777 | 44.32 |
| Manyara | Babati Urban |  | Hon. | Kisyeri Chambiri |  | CCM | 13,506 | 64.58 |
| Manyara | Hanang |  | Hon. | Mary Nagu |  | CCM | 34,338 | 59.67 |
| Manyara | Mbulu |  | Hon. | Mustapha Akunaay |  | CHADEMA | 48,428 | 63.39 |
| Manyara | Kiteto |  | Hon. | Benedict Ole-Nangoro |  | CCM | 25,308 | 61.87 |
| Manyara | Simanjiro |  | Hon. | Christopher Ole-Sendeka |  | CCM | Unopposed |  |
| Mara | Bunda |  | Hon. | Stephen Wasira |  | CCM | 27,509 | 66.10 |
| Mara | Musoma Rural |  | Hon. | Nimrod Mkono |  | CCM | Unopposed |  |
| Mara | Musoma Urban |  | Hon. | Vincent Nyerere |  | CHADEMA | 22,463 | 59.62 |
| Mara | Mwibara |  | Hon. | Alphaxard Lugola |  | CCM | 18,202 | 61.88 |
| Mara | Rorya |  | Hon. | Lameck Okambo |  | CCM | 45,800 | 71.26 |
| Mara | Serengeti |  | Hon. Dr. | Stephen Kebwe |  | CCM | 27,616 | 56.03 |
| Mara | Tarime |  | Hon. | Nyambari Nyangwine |  | CCM | 28,064 | 38.49 |
| Mbeya | Ileje |  | Hon. | Aliko Kibona |  | CCM | 24,126 | 83.69 |
| Mbeya | Kyela |  | Hon. Dr. | Harrison Mwakyembe |  | CCM | 41,214 | 88.76 |
| Mbeya | Lupa |  | Hon. | Victor Mwambalaswa |  | CCM | 12,202 | 55.05 |
| Mbeya | Mbarali |  | Hon. | Modestus Kilufi |  | CCM | 34,869 | 65.43 |
| Mbeya | Mbeya Urban |  | Hon. | Osmund Mbilinyi |  | CHADEMA | 49,084 | 63.20 |
| Mbeya | Mbeya Rural |  | Hon. Rev. | Luckson Mwanjale |  | CCM | 39,701 | 58.66 |
| Mbeya | Mbozi East |  | Hon. | Godfrey Zambi |  | CCM | 49,095 | 58.82 |
| Mbeya | Mbozi West |  | Hon. | David Silinde |  | CHADEMA | 20,835 | 49.19 |
| Mbeya | Rungwe East |  | Hon. Prof. | Mark Mwandosya |  | CCM | Unopposed |  |
| Mbeya | Rungwe West |  | Hon. Prof. | David Mwakyusa |  | CCM | Unopposed |  |
| Mbeya | Songwe |  | Hon. | Philipo Mulugo |  | CCM | Unopposed |  |
| Morogoro | Gairo |  | Hon. | Ahmed Shabiby |  | CCM | 25,413 | 92.81 |
| Morogoro | Kilombero |  | Hon. | Abdul Mteketa |  | CCM | 43,459 | 48.86 |
| Morogoro | Kilosa |  | Hon. | Mustafa Mkulo |  | CCM | 31,004 | 80.10 |
| Morogoro | Mikumi |  | Hon. | Abdulsalaam Amer |  | CCM | 22,849 | 63.30 |
| Morogoro | Morogoro South |  | Hon. | Innocent Kalogeris |  | CCM | 20,917 | 75.54 |
| Morogoro | Morogoro South East |  | Hon. Dr. | Lucy Nkya |  | CCM | 20,324 | 75.54 |
| Morogoro | Morogoro Urban |  | Hon. | Abdul-Aziz Abood |  | CCM | 39,066 | 57.99 |
| Morogoro | Mvomero |  | Hon. | Amos Makalla |  | CCM | 41,884 | 67.26 |
| Morogoro | Ulanga East |  | Hon. | Celina Kombani |  | CCM | Unopposed |  |
| Morogoro | Ulanga West |  | Hon. Dr. | Hadji Mponda |  | CCM | 18,627 | 52.42 |
| Mtwara | Lulindi |  | Hon. | Jerome Bwanausi |  | CCM | 24,988 | 72.00 |
| Mtwara | Masasi |  | Hon. | Mariam Kasembe |  | CCM | 29,310 | 63.71 |
| Mtwara | Mtwara Rural |  | Hon. | Hawa Ghasia |  | CCM | 37,256 | 66.69 |
| Mtwara | Mtwara Urban |  | Hon. | Hasnain Murji |  | CCM | 17,004 | 57.37 |
| Mtwara | Nanyumbu |  | Hon. | Dunstan Mkapa |  | CCM | 20,324 | 59.85 |
| Mtwara | Newala |  | Hon. Ret. Capt. | George Mkuchika |  | CCM | 40,021 | 64.00 |
| Mtwara | Tandahimba |  | Hon. | Juma Njwayo |  | CCM | 34,154 | 48.31 |
| Mwanza | Buchosa |  | Hon. Dr. | Charles Tizeba |  | CCM | 25,925 | 51.18 |
| Mwanza | Busanda |  | Hon. | Lolesia Bukwimba |  | CCM | 32,781 | 54.21 |
| Mwanza | Busega |  | Hon. | Titus Kamani |  | CCM | 32,742 | 80.54 |
| Mwanza | Geita |  | Hon. | Donald Max |  | CCM | 33,331 | 54.02 |
| Mwanza | Ilemela |  | Hon. | Highness Kiwia |  | CHADEMA | 31,296 | 50.56 |
| Mwanza | Kwimba |  | Hon. | Shanif Mansoor |  | CCM | 19,503 | 65.64 |
| Mwanza | Magu Urban |  | Hon. Dr. | Festus Limbu |  | CCM | 30,160 | 46.18 |
| Mwanza | Misungwi |  | Hon. | Charles Kitwanga |  | CCM | 41,935 | 83.24 |
| Mwanza | Nyamagana |  | Hon. | Ezekia Wenje |  | CHADEMA | 38,171 | 56.50 |
| Mwanza | Nyanghwale |  | Hon. | Hussein Amar |  | CCM | 19,987 | 82.96 |
| Mwanza | Sengerema |  | Hon. | William Ngeleja |  | CCM | Unopposed |  |
| Mwanza | Sumve |  | Hon. | Richard Ndassa |  | CCM | 18,705 | 51.64 |
| Mwanza | Ukerewe |  | Hon. | Salvatory Machemli |  | CHADEMA | 34,642 | 55.22 |
| Pemba North | Gando |  | Hon. | Khalifa Suleiman Khalifa |  | CUF | 4,588 | 74.50 |
| Pemba North | Kojani |  | Hon. | Rashid Omar |  | CUF | 5,185 | 84.43 |
| Pemba North | Konde |  | Hon. | Khatib Haji |  | CUF | 5,268 | 82.20 |
| Pemba North | Micheweni |  | Hon. | Haji Kai |  | CUF | 4,929 | 67.27 |
| Pemba North | Mgogoni |  | Hon. | Kombo Khamis Kombo |  | CUF | 5,214 | 82.53 |
| Pemba North | Mtambwe |  | Hon. | Said Suleiman Said |  | CUF | 4,849 | 84.05 |
| Pemba North | Ole |  | Hon. | Rajab Mohammed |  | CUF | 5,250 | 78.25 |
| Pemba North | Tumbe |  | Hon. | Rashid Abdallah |  | CUF | 5,633 | 83.17 |
| Pemba North | Wete |  | Hon. | Mbarouk Ali |  | CUF | 4,908 | 82.71 |
| Pemba South | Chake Chake |  | Hon. | Haji Mussa |  | CUF | 5,048 | 70.88 |
| Pemba South | Chambani |  | Hon. | Salim Khamis |  | CUF | 3,351 | 76.30 |
| Pemba South | Chonga |  | Hon. | Haroub Shamis |  | CUF | 3,107 | 50.80 |
| Pemba South | Kiwani |  | Hon. | Abdalla Ali |  | CUF | 3,240 | 56.92 |
| Pemba South | Mkanyageni |  | Hon. Eng. | Mohamed Mnyaa |  | CUF | 3,151 | 56.93 |
| Pemba South | Mkoani |  | Hon. | Ali Khamis Seif |  | CUF | 3,587 | 58.67 |
| Pemba South | Mtambile |  | Hon. | Masoud Salim |  | CUF | 4,366 | 73.71 |
| Pemba South | Wawi |  | Hon. | Hamad Rashid Mohamed |  | CUF | 5,361 | 65.39 |
| Pemba South | Ziwani |  | Hon. | Ahmed Ngwali |  | CUF | 5,147 | 74.75 |
| Pwani | Bagamoyo |  | Hon. Dr. | Shukuru Kawambwa |  | CCM | 15,604 | 74.76 |
| Pwani | Chalinze |  | Hon. | Saidi Bwanamdogo |  | CCM | 32,924 | 87.30 |
| Pwani | Kibaha Rural |  | Hon. | Hamoud Jumaa |  | CCM | 11,361 | 74.87 |
| Pwani | Kibaha Urban |  | Hon. | Silvestry Koka |  | CCM | 14,028 | 54.60 |
| Pwani | Kibiti |  | Hon. | Abdul Marombwa |  | CCM | 16,008 | 59.23 |
| Pwani | Kisarawe |  | Hon. | Selemani Jafo |  | CCM | 19,832 | 78.15 |
| Pwani | Mafia |  | Hon. | Abdulkarim Shah |  | CCM | 8,137 | 52.68 |
| Pwani | Mkuranga |  | Hon. | Adam Malima |  | CCM | 25,571 | 67.97 |
| Pwani | Rufiji |  | Hon. Dr. | Seif Rashidi |  | CCM | 14,476 | 56.27 |
| Rukwa | Kalambo |  | Hon. | Sinkamba Kandege |  | CCM | 24,755 | 79.65 |
| Rukwa | Katavi |  | Rt. Hon. | Mizengo Pinda |  | CCM | Unopposed |  |
| Rukwa | Kwela |  | Hon. | Ignas Malocha |  | CCM | 29,300 | 73.94 |
| Rukwa | Mpanda Rural |  | Hon. | Moshi Kakoso |  | CCM | 5,693 | 62.3 |
| Rukwa | Mpanda Urban |  | Hon. | Said Arfi |  | CHADEMA | 8,075 | 49.62 |
| Rukwa | Nkasi North |  | Hon. | Ally Keissy |  | CCM | 11,883 | 51.76 |
| Rukwa | Nkasi South |  | Hon. | Desderius Mipata |  | CCM | 10,788 | 54.84 |
| Rukwa | Sumbawanga Urban |  | Hon. | Aeshi Hilaly |  | CCM | 17,328 | 48.99 |
| Ruvuma | Mbinga East |  | Hon. | Gaudence Kayombo |  | CCM | 54,645 | 88.48 |
| Ruvuma | Mbinga West |  | Hon. Ret. Capt. | John Komba |  | CCM | 18,969 | 80.11 |
| Ruvuma | Namtumbo |  | Hon. | Vita Kawawa |  | CCM | 28,032 | 73.53 |
| Ruvuma | Peramiho |  | Hon. | Jenista Mhagama |  | CCM | 28,782 | 89.43 |
| Ruvuma | Songea Urban |  | Hon. | Emmanuel Nchimbi |  | CCM | 27,582 | 59.09 |
| Ruvuma | Tunduru North |  | Hon. Eng. | Ramo Makani |  | CCM | 19,451 | 50.48 |
| Ruvuma | Tunduru South |  | Hon. | Mtutura A. Mtutura |  | CCM | 19,885 | 62.80 |
| Shinyanga | Bariadi East |  | Hon. | John Cheyo |  | UDP | 38,254 | 51.58 |
| Shinyanga | Bariadi West |  | Hon. | Andrew Chenge |  | CCM | 50,107 | 30.00 |
| Shinyanga | Bukombe |  | Hon. Prof. | Kulikoyela Kahigi |  | CHADEMA | 19,035 | 58.24 |
| Shinyanga | Kahama |  | Hon. | James Lembeli |  | CCM | 32,531 | 54.51 |
| Shinyanga | Kisesa |  | Hon. | Luhaga Mpina |  | CCM | 18,845 | 59.67 |
| Shinyanga | Kishapu |  | Hon. | Suleiman M. Suleiman |  | CCM | 32,797 | 72.50 |
| Shinyanga | Maswa East |  | Hon. | Sylvester Kasulumbayi |  | CHADEMA | 17,075 | 46.88 |
| Shinyanga | Maswa West |  | Hon. | John Shibuda |  | CHADEMA | 17,418 | 53.19 |
| Shinyanga | Mbogwe |  | Hon. | Augustino Masele |  | CCM | 18,019 | 62.07 |
| Shinyanga | Meatu |  | Hon. | Meshack Opulukwa |  | CHADEMA | 13,876 | 50.03 |
| Shinyanga | Msalala |  | Hon. | Ezekiel Maige |  | CCM | 30,715 | 66.04 |
| Shinyanga | Shinyanga Urban |  | Hon. | Stephen Masele |  | CCM | 18,903 | 48.76 |
| Shinyanga | Solwa |  | Hon. | Ahmed Salum |  | CCM | 37,418 | 69.93 |
| Singida | Iramba East |  | Hon. | Salome Mwambu |  | CCM | 25,809 | 74.56 |
| Singida | Iramba West |  | Hon. | Mwigulu Nchemba |  | CCM | 33,931 | 87.64 |
| Singida | Manyoni East |  | Hon. Ret. Capt. | John Chiligati |  | CCM | 21,494 | 85.48 |
| Singida | Manyoni West |  | Hon. | John Lwanji |  | CCM | 7,338 | 53.00 |
| Singida | Singida East |  | Hon. | Tundu Lissu |  | CHADEMA | 13,787 | 50.89 |
| Singida | Singida North |  | Hon. | Lazaro Nyalandu |  | CCM | 41,102 | 87.70 |
| Singida | Singida South |  | Hon. | Mohamed Missanga |  | CCM | 12,904 | 61.21 |
| Singida | Singida Urban |  | Hon. | Mohammed Dewji |  | CCM | 21,169 | 81.06 |
| Tabora | Bukene |  | Hon. | Selemani Zedi |  | CCM | 17,646 | 71.85 |
| Tabora | Igalula |  | Hon. Dr. | Athuman Mfutakamba |  | CCM | 8,971 | 67.25 |
| Tabora | Igunga |  | Hon. | Rostam Aziz |  | CCM | 35,674 | 72.78 |
| Tabora | Nzega |  | Hon. Dr. | Hamisi Kigwangalla |  | CCM | 20,470 | 56.66 |
| Tabora | Sikonge |  | Hon. | Said Nkumba |  | CCM | 12,025 | 63.80 |
| Tabora | Tabora North |  | Hon. | Shaffin Sumar |  | CCM | 18,872 | 81.54 |
| Tabora | Tabora Urban |  | Hon. | Ismail Rage |  | CCM | 27,329 | 67.83 |
| Tabora | Urambo East |  | Hon. | Samuel Sitta |  | CCM | 19,947 | 70.47 |
| Tabora | Urambo West |  | Hon. Prof. | Juma Kapuya |  | CCM | 18,691 | 59.15 |
| Tanga | Bumbuli |  | Hon. | January Makamba |  | CCM | Unopposed |  |
| Tanga | Handeni |  | Hon. Dr. | Abdallah Kigoda |  | CCM | 31,537 | 69.98 |
| Tanga | Kilindi |  | Hon. | Beatrice Shellukindo |  | CCM | 31,077 | 92.47 |
| Tanga | Korogwe Rural |  | Hon. | Stephen Ngonyani |  | CCM | 41,377 | 84.44 |
| Tanga | Korogwe Urban |  | Hon. | Yusuph Nassir |  | CCM | 12,090 | 82.07 |
| Tanga | Lushoto |  | Hon. | Henry Shekifu |  | CCM | 17,783 | 78.63 |
| Tanga | Mkinga |  | Hon. | Dunstan Kitandula |  | CCM | 19,667 | 62.14 |
| Tanga | Mlalo |  | Hon. Brig. Gen. | Hassan Ngwilizi |  | CCM | 22,956 | 72.54 |
| Tanga | Muheza |  | Hon. | Herbert Mntangi |  | CCM | 34,836 | 75.77 |
| Tanga | Pangani |  | Hon. | Saleh Pamba |  | CCM | 9,342 | 60.62 |
| Tanga | Tanga Urban |  | Hon. | Omari Nundu |  | CCM | 40,225 | 55.72 |
| Unguja North | Bumbwini |  | Hon. | Ramadhan Saleh |  | CCM | 3,645 | 56.24 |
| Unguja North | Chaani |  | Hon. | Ali Juma Haji |  | CCM | 5,553 | 76.23 |
| Unguja North | Donge |  | Hon. | Sadifa Khamis |  | CCM | 6,202 | 87.05 |
| Unguja North | Kitope |  | Hon. Amb. | Seif Ali Iddi |  | CCM | 5,033 | 63.83 |
| Unguja North | Matemwe |  | Hon. | Kheri Ameir |  | CCM | 2,997 | 53.34 |
| Unguja North | Mkwajuni |  | Hon. | Jaddy Simai Jaddy |  | CCM | 3,169 | 51.79 |
| Unguja North | Nungwi |  | Hon. | Yussuf Khamis |  | CUF | 3,688 | 48.23 |
| Unguja North | Tumbatu |  | Hon. | Juma Ali |  | CCM | 4,659 | 53.84 |
| Unguja South | Chwaka |  | Hon. | Yahya Kassim Issa |  | CCM | 6,103 | 66.16 |
| Unguja South | Koani |  | Hon. | Amina Clement |  | CCM | 6,920 | 61.82 |
| Unguja South | Makunduchi |  | Hon. | Samia Suluhu |  | CCM | 6,141 | 80.29 |
| Unguja South | Muyuni |  | Hon. | Mahadhi Maalim |  | CCM | 5,907 | 80.66 |
| Unguja South | Uzini |  | Hon. Dr. | Muhammed Seif Khatib |  | CCM | 6,651 | 81.96 |
| Urban West | Amani |  | Hon. | Mussa Hassan Mussa |  | CCM | 4,291 | 65.34 |
| Urban West | Bububu |  | Hon. | Juma Sururu Juma |  | CCM | 4,410 | 50.50 |
| Urban West | Chumbuni |  | Hon. | Pereira Silima |  | CCM | 5,219 | 59.59 |
| Urban West | Dimani |  | Hon. | Abdallah Ameir |  | CCM | 6,287 | 62.60 |
| Urban West | Dole |  | Hon. | Sylvester Mabumba |  | CCM | 3,871 | 55.92 |
| Urban West | Fuoni |  | Hon. | Said Zubeir |  | CCM | 6,224 | 65.51 |
| Urban West | Jangombe |  | Hon. | Hussein Mzee |  | CCM | 5,835 | 71.18 |
| Urban West | Kiembesamaki |  | Hon. | Waride Jabu |  | CCM | 2,928 | 70.79 |
| Urban West | Kikwajuni |  | Hon. | Hamad Masauni |  | CCM | 4,256 | 68.45 |
| Urban West | Kwahani |  | Hon. Dr. | Hussein Mwinyi |  | CCM | 5,277 | 79.93 |
| Urban West | Kwamtipura |  | Hon. | Kheir Khamis |  | CCM | 6,260 | 66.42 |
| Urban West | Magogoni |  | Hon. | Hamad Ali Hamad |  | CUF | 4,033 | 54.10 |
| Urban West | Magomeni |  | Hon. | Muhammad Chomboh |  | CCM | 5,394 | 56.30 |
| Urban West | Mfenesini |  | Hon. | Suleiman Omar |  | CCM | 3,111 | 55.03 |
| Urban West | Mji Mkongwe |  | Hon. | Muhammad Sanya |  | CUF | 4,478 | 70.76 |
| Urban West | Mpendae |  | Hon. | Salim Turky |  | CCM | 5,102 | 60.14 |
| Urban West | Mwanakwerekwe |  | Hon. | Haji Sereweji |  | CCM | 2,975 | 58.59 |
| Urban West | Mtoni |  | Hon. | Haji Faki |  | CUF | 4,097 | 55.13 |
| Urban West | Rahaleo |  | Hon. | Abdulla Saadalla |  | CCM | 3,928 | 61.64 |
|

## Changes

## InfoBox

| 10th Parliament of Tanzania | |
| --- | --- |
| 9th 11th | |
|  | |
| Overview | |
| Legislative body | Parliament of Tanzania |
| Jurisdiction | Tanzania |
| Meeting place | Parliament House, Dodoma |
| Term | 2010 – 2015 |
| Website | www.parliament.go.tz |
| National Assembly | |
| Members | 357 |
| Speaker | Anne Makinda |
| Deputy Speaker | Job Ndugai |
| Prime Minister | Mizengo Pinda |
| Party control | Chama Cha Mapinduzi |


title: Power of the Dollar

abstract: Power of the Dollar is the debut EP and unreleased debut studio album by American rapper 50 Cent. The EP version was released September 12, 2000, by Columbia Records and Trackmasters Entertainment. The album version was originally set to be released as 50 Cent's major-label debut on July 4, 2000, but he was ultimately dropped by Columbia Records after being shot nine times and the album was shelved. Subsequently, the album was heavily bootlegged. As of 2024, Columbia has no plans to release the album. The EP features guest appearances from Destiny's Child, Noreaga, and the Madd Rapper. The album version was set to feature all the artists included on the EP as well as Bun B and Dave Hollister. The album's production was handled by Trackmasters, Red Spyda, Sha Self, DJ Scratch and Erick Sermon, among other producers and was leaked on YouTube in 2012.

text:
# Power of the Dollar

***Power of the Dollar*** is the debut EP and unreleased debut studio album by American rapper 50 Cent. The EP version was released September 12, 2000, by Columbia Records and Trackmasters Entertainment. The album version was originally set to be released as 50 Cent's major-label debut on July 4, 2000, but he was ultimately dropped by Columbia Records after being shot nine times and the album was shelved. Subsequently, the album was heavily bootlegged. As of 2024, Columbia has no plans to release the album.

The EP features guest appearances from Destiny's Child, Noreaga, and the Madd Rapper. The album version was set to feature all the artists included on the EP as well as Bun B and Dave Hollister. The album's production was handled by Trackmasters, Red Spyda, Sha Self, DJ Scratch and Erick Sermon, among other producers and was leaked on YouTube in 2012.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Source* |  |

AllMusic writes that the tracks utilize "penetrating wit and funk-infused beats, accompanied by grand orchestrations of commanding horns, pronounced percussion, and various string elements".

## Singles

The album's lead single, "How to Rob", was released on August 10, 1999, and was also included on the *Power of the Dollar EP* and the soundtrack to the film *In Too Deep*. The single attracted significant controversy due to its content, which was him comically telling how he would rob several high-profile hip-hop & R&B artists.

The second single, "Thug Love" featuring Destiny's Child, was released on September 21, 1999, and was also featured on the EP release. Days before 50 Cent was scheduled to film its music video, he was attacked by a gunman in the infamous shooting incident that left him with nine gunshot wounds and gave him his dimple scar; an event that 50 Cent often references in his lyrics. While hospitalized, he signed a publishing deal with Columbia Records; however, he was dropped from the label after it was discovered that he had been shot. The track, "Ghetto Qur'an (Forgive Me)", has been speculated to be the reason for the shooting.

The third and final single, "Your Life's on the Line", was released in 1999. The song was produced by Terrence Dudley, and was perceived as a diss song to Ja Rule, which would begin their highly publicized feud on records. 50 mocks Ja Rule's catchphrase "Murdaa!", on the chorus of the song, rapping "Murdaa, I don't believe you/Murdaa, Fuck around and leave you/Murdaa, I don't believe you/Murda Murda, your life's on the line". A music video for the song was shot on the streets of New York in 1998. The song was included on the *Power of the Dollar EP*, and would later be included on both 50 Cent's debut mixtape, *Guess Who's Back?*, and his officially released debut album, *Get Rich or Die Tryin'*, in 2003, as a bonus track.

## Songs officially released

Of the 19 songs featured on both the EP and album versions of *Power of the Dollar*, 9 have been officially released.

* "Thug Love" (feat. Destiny's Child) was released as a single and was featured on *Power of the Dollar EP*
* "I'm a Hustler" was featured on *Power of the Dollar EP*
* "Da Heatwave" (feat. Noreaga) was featured on the *Power of the Dollar EP* and was not set to feature on the album
* "Your Life's on the Line" was released as a single and was featured on *Power of the Dollar EP*, *Guess Who's Back?, and* *Get Rich or Die Tryin'*
* "How to Rob" (feat. The Madd Rapper) was released as a single and was featured on *Power of the Dollar EP*, *In Too Deep*, and *Best of 50 Cent*
* "The Good Die Young" was featured on the B-side of the "Your Life's on the Line" single
* "Corner Bodega" was featured on *Guess Who's Back?*
* '"As the World Turns'" was featured on *Guess Who's Back?*
* "Ghetto Qur'an (Forgive Me)" was featured on *Guess Who's Back?*

## Track listing

Unreleased LP
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Intro" |  |  | 1:11 |
| 2. | "The Hit" |  | Randy Allen | 3:41 |
| 3. | "The Good Die Young" |  | Al West | 4:02 |
| 4. | "Corner Bodega (Coke Spot)" |  | L.E.S. | 1:36 |
| 5. | "Your Life's on the Line" | * Jackson * Terence Dudley | Terence Dudley | 3:38 |
| 6. | "That Ain't Gangsta" |  | Trackmasters | 3:25 |
| 7. | "As the World Turns" (featuring Bun B) | Ron Francois | Red Spyda | 4:20 |
| 8. | "Ghetto Qur'an (Forgive Me)" | * Jackson | Trackmasters | 4:34 |
| 9. | "Da Repercussions" |  | Kurt Gowdy | 3:28 |
| 10. | "Money by Any Means" (featuring Noreaga) |  | * Trackmasters * Teflon | 4:03 |
| 11. | "Material Girl" (featuring Dave Hollister) |  | Trackmasters | 4:35 |
| 12. | "Thug Love" (featuring Destiny's Child) | * Jackson * Rashad Smith * Joshua Michael Schwartz * Brian Kierulf * Nycolia "Tye-V" Turman |  | 3:16 |
| 13. | "Slow Doe" |  | Trackmasters | 3:54 |
| 14. | "Gun Runner" | * Jackson | Trackmasters | 1:55 |
| 15. | "You Ain't No Gangsta" | * Jackson * Clervoix | Sha Self | 3:37 |
| 16. | "Power of the Dollar" |  | Trackmasters | 3:26 |
| 17. | "I'm a Hustler" | * Jackson * George Spivey * C. Elliot * Rufus Blaq * K. Kiss | DJ Scratch | 3:55 |
| 18. | "How to Rob" (featuring the Madd Rapper) | * Jackson * Jean-Claude Olivier * Samuel Barnes * Deric Angelettie * Harry Wayne Casey * Richard Finch | Trackmasters | 4:25 |
| Total length: | | | | 63:01 |

Released EP
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Thug Love" (featuring Destiny's Child) | * Curtis Jackson * Rashad Smith * Joshua Michael Schwartz * Brian Kierulf * Nycolia "Tye-V" Turman | * Rashad Smith * Joshua Michael Schwartz * Brian Kierulf | 3:16 |
| 2. | "I'm a Hustler" | * Jackson * George Spivey * C. Elliot * Rufus Blaq * K. Kiss | DJ Scratch | 3:46 |
| 3. | "Da Heatwave" (featuring Noreaga) |  | Erick Sermon | 3:56 |
| 4. | "Your Life's on the Line" | * Jackson * Terence Dudley | Terence Dudley | 3:44 |
| 5. | "How to Rob" (featuring the Madd Rapper) | * Jackson * Jean-Claude Olivier * Samuel Barnes * Deric Angelettie * Harry Wayne Casey * Richard Finch | Trackmasters | 4:24 |
| Total length: | | | | 19:06 |

## InfoBox

| Power of the Dollar | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album and EP by 50 Cent | |
| Released | * 12 September 2000 (2000-09-12) (EP) * Unreleased (Album) |
| Recorded | 1998–2000 |
| Studio | Bearsville Studios, Bearsville, New York |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 63:01 |
| Label |  |
| Producer |  |
| 50 Cent chronology | |
| ***Power of the Dollar***
(2000) *Guess Who's Back?*
(2002) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Power of the Dollar* | |
| 1. "How to Rob"
Released: August 10, 1999 2. "Thug Love"
Released: September 21, 1999 3. "Your Life's on the Line"
Released: October 12, 1999 | |
|  | |


title: Prem Bandhan (TV series)

abstract:
Prem Bandhan is an Indian dramatic television series which aired from 30 November 2020 to 9 June 2021 on Dangal.
Produced by Ekta Kapoor for Balaji Telefilms, it stars Chhavi Pandey and Manit Joura.

text:
# Prem Bandhan (TV series)

***Prem Bandhan*** (transl.The Bond of Love) is an Indian dramatic television series which aired from 30 November 2020 to 9 June 2021 on Dangal. Produced by Ekta Kapoor for Balaji Telefilms, it stars Chhavi Pandey and Manit Joura.

## Plot

Janki agrees to an arranged marriage at the insistence of her father. Not meeting the groom before their wedding night, she discovers that he is mentally challenged and is at an eight-year-old level. Janki realizes she has been tricked into marrying him by her in-laws, but hesitates to endanger her father's health by telling him. Harsh (her husband) is childlike, which annoys her. Despite their marriage's rocky start, however, Janki and Harsh become close.

Janki's brother learns about the situation, and wants Janki to return home. Harsh and Janki want to stay together, however, and she consults a doctor to help him. Janki becomes suspicious that someone in the family does not want Harsh to improve, despite their surface affection. Harsh receives a head injury, for which Janki is blamed.

She wants to protect Harsh from his stepmother Savita, who is responsible for his mental instability and killed his grandfather to acquire his property for herself and her children (Rajesh, Shekhar and Roohi). Janki decides to celebrate their three-month anniversary with Harsh in Darbhanga, only telling Savita. They have an accident on the way, but both survive. Harsh needs a kidney transplant, and Janki donates one of her kidneys. Harsh awakens with no memory of the past five years, and does not recognize Janki. He remembers his love for Shweta (his old girlfriend), and Janki does not want to come between them at first. Advised by Rangili (a friend), she refuses to sign divorce papers sent by her father-in-law and decides to save Harsh from Shweta and Savita.

Shweta tries to kill Harsh, and Janki comes home; her father-in-law tries to stop her. Harsh keeps Shweta from slapping Janki, remembering that she saved his life. Janki has allies in Shekhar (Harsh's grandmother) and his sister-in-law. Savita schemes to make it appear that Harsh had sex with Shweta to pressure him into marrying her, and his father wants them to marry.

Harsh develops feelings for Janki. On Mahashivratri, Janki's name appears on a ritual invitation instead of Shweta's. Janki's in-laws ask her to leave the house, but Harsh stops her. She prepares the mehndi, but Savita poisons it and Janki is blamed; her father-in-law has her arrested. Shekhar bails Janki out; she refuses to return home, and is kidnapped by a moneylender who threatens to sell her unless Savita's debt is paid.

Janki stops Harsh and Sweta's wedding; she knocks Shweta out, disguises herself and marries him. Harsh thinks she married him for money, but stops Shweta from killing her. Rajesh has false papers saying that Janki married Harsh for money, and Harsh orders Janki out; she burns the papers as she leaves.

Janki goes to the hospital where Harsh was born, and a nurse tells her about Harsh and why Savita wanted to kill him. She is attacked by Savita and Rajesh, who put her in a box and bury her.

Six months later, Harsh still loves Janki but has been forced to marry Shweta. Rajesh has mortgaged the resort to the owner of J Industries, Jaya Kapoor. They meet with Jaya, who looks like Janki; Janki was saved by Akshay, who helps her avenge Savita and Rajesh. Savita and Rajesh realise the error of their ways, and the family reunites.

## Cast

### Main

* Chhavi Pandey as Janki Srivastava Shastri/ Jaya Kapoor: Harsh's wife; Nitin and Nisha's sister; Brij's daughter from his first marriage; Asha's stepdaughter (2020–2021)
* Manit Joura as Harsh Shastri: Janki's mentally challenged husband; Ram's son with his mistress; Savita's stepson; Rajesh's younger brother (step brother); Roohi and Shikhar's stepbrother (2020–2021)

### Recurring

* Reyaansh Vir Chadha as Akshay Malhotra (2021)
* Ariah Agarwal as Shweta: Harsh's fiancé; appointed by Savita to ruin Janki's life (2021)
* Utkarsha Naik as Savita Shastri: Harsh's stepmother; Rajesh, Shikhar and Roohi's mother; Ram's wife. She caused Harsh's illness and is behind Shastri family's troubles, who is behind the family's wealth. She is greedy and ruthless. (2020–2021)
* Vineet Kumar Chaudhary as Rajesh Shastri: Ram's eldest son with Savita; Vandana's husband; Harsh's elder brother; Shikhar and Roohi's elder brother (2020–2021)
* Monica Khanna as Vandana Shastri: Rajesh's wife (2020—2021)
* Bakul Thakkar as Ram Shastri: Harsh, Rajesh, Shikhar and Roohi's father; Savita's husband (2020–2021)
* Saarvi Omana as Nisha Shrivastava: Janki and Nitin's sister (2020–2021)
* Madhu Bala Atri as Nurse: Cares for Harsh (2021)
* Amit Singh Thakur as Brij Mohan Srivastava: Nisha, Janki and Nitin's father (2020–2021)
* Tushar Dhembla as Nitin Srivastava: Nisha's brother; Janki's stepbrother (2020–2021)
* Aman Gandhi as Shikhar Shastri: Harsh's younger stepbrother; Rajesh and Roohi's brother; Ram and Savita's younger son (2020–2021)
* Avantika Chaudhary as Roohi Shastri: Harsh's younger stepsister; Rajesh and Shikhar's sister; Ram and Savita's only daughter (2020–2021)
* Kiran Bhargava as Premlata Shastri: Harsh, Rajesh, Shikhar and Roohi's grandmother; Ram's mother (2020–2021)
* Ruma Majini as Asha Shrivastava: Janki's stepmother; Nitin and Nisha's mother (2020–2021)
* Vedant Sharan/Ankit Vyas as Ashok: Jankee's ex-fiancé (2020)
* Mohit Hiranandani as Amit (2021)
* Manoj Kumar Patel as Rangeli (2020–2021)
* Kush Sharma
* Krishna Kant Singh Bundela as Tantrik

## Production

The series was initially entitled *Koshish - Rishton Ki*. The initial storyline of the show is adapted from Zee TV's 2000 drama series *Koshish - Ek Aashaa*, which was too produced by Balaji Telefilms. The series' first trailer was released on 14 November 2020 with Chhavi Pandey, a deepak in her hand. The series' first promo was released on 22 November 2020. The series premiered on 30 November 2020 on Dangal TV and aired from Monday to Saturday at 7:30 pm. On 27 April 2021 the timeslot of the series was changed to 10 pm IST. From 28 March 2021, entire episodes of the show were streaming on YouTube. The series wrapped up its shoot in June and the last episode was broadcast on 12 June 2021.

### Casting

Manit Joura was selected by producer Ekta Kapoor to play male protagonist in the series, Harsh Shastri. Joura stated, "This role is radically different from all the other shows that I have done so far. Here I need to play a character that doesn’t come easy to me, I need to work on it, so to play this character is tough!"

Chhavi Pandey was cast to play the female protagonist 'Janvi Srivastava' in the show. On her role, Chhavi stated, "The character of Janvi is simple and loving girl yet strong and independent. She belongs to a middle-class family and has a lot of responsibilities of her family but never cribs about it. She can do anything to make her family happy. Her character will be very relatable to the girls in small towns!"

Mohit Hiranandani was brought in to play male antagonist whereas Ariah Agarwal was cast as the female antagonist in the show. On her role, Ariah stated,"I loved that Shweta is out and out negative. She is completely a mean girl. I was always fascinated by such roles and wanted to try playing one."

## InfoBox

| *Prem Bandhan* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Drama
Family
Romance |
| Created by | Ekta Kapoor |
| Written by | Dheeraj Sarna |
| Screenplay by | Nikita Dhond
Sambhav Khetarpal |
| Story by | Srinita Bhoumick |
| Directed by | Vikram Ghai |
| Creative director | Annu Kaur |
| Starring |  |
| Theme music composer | Nawab Arzoo
Binod Ghimire |
| Opening theme | Prem Bandhan opening theme |
| Country of origin | India |
| Original language | Hindi |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 166 |
| Production | |
| Producers | Ekta Kapoor
Shobha Kapoor |
| Cinematography | Dinesh Singh
Alamgir Shaikh |
| Editors | Vikas Sharma
Vishal Sharma |
| Camera setup | Multi-camera |
| Running time | 22–25 minutes |
| Production company | Balaji Telefilms |
| Original release | |
| Network | Dangal |
| Release | 30 November 2020 (2020-11-30)
9 June 2021 (2021-06-09) |
| Related | |
| Koshish - Ek Aashaa | |


title: Prem Bahadur Maharjan

abstract: Prem Bahadur Maharjan is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the CPN (UML) currently serving as a member of the 2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal. In the 2022 Nepalese general election, he won the election from Lalitpur 2 (constituency).

text:
# Prem Bahadur Maharjan

**Prem Bahadur Maharjan** is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the CPN (UML) currently serving as a member of the 2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal. In the 2022 Nepalese general election, he won the election from Lalitpur 2 (constituency).

## InfoBox

| Prem Bahadur Maharjan | |
| --- | --- |
| प्रेम बहादुर महर्जन | |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament, Pratinidhi Sabha | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
26 December 2022 | |
| Preceded by | Krishna Lal Maharjan |
| Constituency | Lalitpur 2 |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1966-10-19) 19 October 1966
Lalitpur District, Nepal |
| Nationality | Nepali |
| Political party | CPN (UML) |
|  | |


title: Presbyphagia

abstract: Presbyphagia refers to characteristic changes in the swallowing mechanism of otherwise healthy older adults. Although age-related changes place older adults at risk swallowing disorders, an older adult's swallow is not necessarily an impaired swallow. Clinicians are becoming more aware of the need to distinguish among swallowing disorders, presbyphagia and other related diagnoses in order to avoid over diagnosing and over treating presbyphagia. Older adults are more vulnerable and with the increased threat of acute illnesses, medications and any number of age-related conditions, they can cross the line from having a healthy older swallow to being dysphagic. Work focused primarily on the anatomy and physiology of the oropharyngeal swallowing mechanism indicates a progression of change that may put the older population at increased risk for swallowing disorders. Such changes combined with naturally diminished functional reserve, the resilient ability to adapt to physiological stress, make the older population more susceptible to dysphagia.

text:
# Presbyphagia

**Presbyphagia** refers to characteristic changes in the swallowing mechanism of otherwise healthy older adults. Although age-related changes place older adults at risk swallowing disorders, an older adult's swallow is not necessarily an impaired swallow. Clinicians are becoming more aware of the need to distinguish among swallowing disorders, presbyphagia (an old yet healthy swallow) and other related diagnoses in order to avoid over diagnosing and over treating presbyphagia. Older adults are more vulnerable and with the increased threat of acute illnesses, medications and any number of age-related conditions, they can cross the line from having a healthy older swallow to being dysphagic.

Work focused primarily on the anatomy and physiology of the oropharyngeal swallowing mechanism indicates a progression of change that may put the older population at increased risk for swallowing disorders. Such changes combined with naturally diminished functional reserve, the resilient ability to adapt to physiological stress, make the older population more susceptible to dysphagia.

## Age-Associated Changes in Swallowing

### Age-Associated Changes in Oropharyngeal Swallowing

A major characteristic of older healthy swallowing is that it occurs more slowly. The longer duration is found to occur largely before the more automatic pharyngeal phase of the swallow is initiated. In those over age 65, the initiation of laryngeal and pharyngeal events, including laryngeal vestibule closure, are delayed significantly longer than in adults younger than 45 years of age. Although the specific neural underpinning is not confirmed it might be hypothesized that oral events become “uncoupled” from the pharyngeal response, which includes airway protection. Thus, in older healthy adults it is not uncommon for the bolus to be adjacent to an open airway by pooling or pocketing in the pharyngeal recesses, for more time than in younger adults.

Whereas older adults demonstrate a delay in the onset of specific pharyngeal events, such as opening of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) to permit bolus passage from the pharynx into the esophagus, an equally critical finding is that the range of UES opening is diminished. A scintigraphic study revealed increased pharyngeal residue with age, possibly related to the limited UES opening. Again, these findings indicate exposure of an open airway to material retained in the pharynx, increasing the risk for aspiration in older individuals.

Aspiration (defined as entry of material into the airway \[trachea\] thus passing below the vocal folds) and airway penetration (defined as entry of material into the laryngeal vestibule but not below the level of the vocal folds) (Figure 2) are believed to be the most significant adverse clinical outcomes of misdirected bolus flow. In older adults, penetration of the bolus into the airway occurs more often and to a deeper and more severe level than in younger adults. When the swallowing mechanism is functionally altered or perturbed in older people, such as with the placement of a nasogastric tube, airway penetration can be even more pronounced. A study examining this issue found that liquid penetrated the airway significantly more frequently when a nasogastric tube was in place in men and women older than 70 years. That study and additional evidence indicates that under stressful conditions or system perturbations, older individuals are less able to compensate due to the age-related reduction in reserve capacity (add Pendergast reference) and are more at risk to experience airway penetration or aspiration.

The tongue is the primary propulsive agent for pumping food through the mouth, into the pharynx while bypassing the airway and through to the esophagus. Recent findings clearly reveal that an age-related change in lingual pressures is another contributing factor to presbyphagia. Healthy older individuals demonstrate significantly reduced isometric (i.e., static) tongue pressures compared with younger counterparts. In contrast, maximal tongue pressures generated during swallowing (i.e., dynamic) remain normal in magnitude. because, fortunately, swallowing is a submaximal pressure-demanding activity. In general, swallowing is considered a submaximal pressure task such that peak tongue pressures used in swallowing are lower than those generated isometrically. Although older individuals manage to achieve pressures necessary to affect a successful swallow, despite a reduction in overall maximum tongue strength, they achieve these pressures more slowly than young swallowers. It has been suggested that the slowness that characterizes senescent swallowing may reflect the increased time necessary to recruit sufficient motor units to generate pressures necessary to operate an effective, safe swallow.

1. Robbins JA, Hamilton JW, Lof GL, Kempster G. Oropharyngeal swallowing in normal adults of different ages. Gastroenterology 1992;103:823-9.
2. Tracy F, Logemann JA, Kahrilas PJ, Jacob P, Kobara M, Krugla C. Preliminary observations on the effects of age on oropharyngeal deglutition. Dysphagia 1989;4:90-4.
3. Shaw DW, Cook IJ, Dent J et al. Age influences oropharyngeal and upper esophageal sphincter function during swallowing. Gastroenterology 1990;98:A390.
4. Shaw DW, Cook IJ, Gabb M et al. Influence of normal aging on oropharyngeal and upper esophageal sphincter function during swallow. Am J Physiol 1995;L68:G389-G390.
5. Robbins J, Coyle J, Roecker E, Rosenbek J, Wood J. Differentiation of normal and abnormal airway protection during swallowing using the penetration-aspiration scale. Dysphagia 1999;14:228-32.
6. Robbins J, Levine R, Wood J, Roecker E, Luschei E. Age effects on lingual pressure generation as a risk factor for dysphagia. J Gerontol Med Sci 1995;50:M257-M262.
7. Nicosia MA, Hind JA, Roecker EB, Carnes M, Robbins JA. Age effects on the temporal evolution of isometric and swallowing pressure. J Gerontol Med Sci 2000;55A:M634-M640.