title: North Market

abstract: North Market is a food hall and public market in Columbus, Ohio. The Downtown Columbus market was established in 1876, and was the second of four founded in Columbus. The market is managed by the non-profit North Market Development Authority (NDMA), which also manages North Market Bridge Park, a market in Dublin, Ohio. The downtown market hosts about 35 vendors. About one third of these sell ready-to-eat foods, one third sell specialty goods, and the remaining portion sell produce, flowers, meat and fish, cookware, and gifts. The NDMA also hosts a weekly farmer's market from June to October outside the market building. The Dublin market, completed in 2020, was designed to be more modern than the downtown location. The new market has 30,000 sq ft (2,800 m⁲) of space, two-thirds of which is for the public. The market has 15 vendors, with a total capacity of 19.

text:
# North Market

**North Market** is a food hall and public market in Columbus, Ohio. The Downtown Columbus market was established in 1876, and was the second of four founded in Columbus. The market is managed by the non-profit North Market Development Authority (NDMA), which also manages North Market Bridge Park, a market in Dublin, Ohio.

The downtown market hosts about 35 vendors. About one third of these sell ready-to-eat foods, one third sell specialty goods, and the remaining portion sell produce, flowers, meat and fish, cookware, and gifts. The NDMA also hosts a weekly farmer's market from June to October outside the market building.

The Dublin market, completed in 2020, was designed to be more modern than the downtown location. The new market has 30,000 sq ft (2,800 m2) of space, two-thirds of which is for the public. The market has 15 vendors, with a total capacity of 19.

## History

From 1813 to 1873, the current location of the North Market housed a cemetery known as the North Graveyard. After negotiations with city developers, grave removal and relocation began in 1872. In 1876, a market house as well as other small businesses and restaurants were built on the land. This public space at 29 Spruce Street became the North Market. The North Market was the second of four public markets built throughout the city (North, East, West and Central) and is the only remaining public market at its original site.

The Central Market, built in 1850 at Town and Fourth Streets as a combination City Hall and public market, was torn down in 1966 to make way for urban renewal and today is the location of Columbus's Greyhound bus station. The building once housing the West Market on South Gift Street is now a Boys and Girls Club. The East Market at Mt. Vernon and Miami Avenues was destroyed by fire in 1947. A new East Market opened in the Franklin Park neighborhood in 2022.

In 1948, almost one year to the day of the fire at the East Market, the same tragedy struck North Market (or North End Market as it was then called). The City of Columbus decided not to rebuild the market but merchants quickly pooled their funds to purchase a war surplus Quonset hut to house North Market. Though the merchants bought the building, the city retained ownership of the Market property.

The vitality of the Market began to wane post World War II as population shifted from the city to the suburbs and the development of supermarkets. The building of the Ohio Center and the temporary closing of High Street in the late 1970s caused the Market to hit rock bottom. Attempts to revive the once thriving institution were thwarted by the physical and mechanical limitations of the Quonset hut. The Market was operating on a month-to-month lease with the city. The future was far from secure.

During the 1980s a national, growing recognition of public markets emerged. This enabled Columbus residents to rediscover their market. That idea, along with the fear that the city would tear down the Market to develop a parking lot for the planned Greater Columbus Convention Center, drove the creation of the North Market Development Authority (NMDA). This not-for-profit group of shoppers and merchants was established to “preserve and promote the traditional and cultural aspects of the historic North Market."

In 1988, NMDA led the market's recovery by negotiating a long-term lease with the city, effectively eliminating the threat of demolition. In 1989, the NMDA assumed daily operations of the market.

The initial staff of a Market Master and Executive Director, plus volunteer board members, the NMDA focused on the possibility of rehabilitating the Quonset hut. Physically bursting at the seams and on its last legs, the building was financially impractical to renovate. Even if the costly and extensive repairs were made, the Market would still be housed in a cramped Quonset hut, rather than a light, clean, functional marketplace.

The NMDA spearheaded a capital campaign to finance building renovations. The market's new home would be 60 percent larger than the Quonset hut with room for new merchants. After raising $5 million, the NMDA began construction in January 1995. In November 1995, the new North Market opened with 25 merchants. The market house is a former warehouse of the Advance Thresher Company, built in 1915 and part of the North Market Historic District.

North Market has been under the leadership of Executive Director Rick Harrison Wolfe since mid-2013.

North Market's bell, which was used in the first North Market building, is housed in a decorative structure on the northeast corner of the market parking lot. The bell had survived the market's 1948 fire; it fell and was recovered, and had been stored in the market's basement. Local donations funded its outdoor installation in 2014.

The market owners opened a second location, in Dublin, Ohio, on November 5, 2020.

## Merchant Building

The Merchant Building, formerly North Market Tower, is a proposed mixed-use tower being developed on the site of the downtown market's parking lot. The site was the location of the first two North Market halls. The city held an architectural design contest for a skyscraper in 2016. Schooley Caldwell, a Columbus-based firm, was selected, which added NBBJ to the project. The project is still in development, and is under review by the city's Historic Resources Commission and was approved by its Downtown Commission in December 2021. Construction began in late 2022.

Columbus market Dublin market

## InfoBox

North Market
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| The Columbus (top) and Dublin (bottom) North Market locations | |
| Market locations in Columbus and Dublin | |
| Coordinates | 39°58′18.948″N 83°0′15.527″W / 39.97193000°N 83.00431306°W / 39.97193000; -83.00431306,
40°06′17″N 83°06′35″W / 40.104680°N 83.109798°W / 40.104680; -83.109798 |
| Address | 59 Spruce St (Columbus)
6750 Longshore St (Dublin) |
| Opening date | 1876 (first market house)
1995 (current downtown market)
2020 (Dublin market) |
| Management | North Market Development Authority |
| Public transit access | Columbus:  multiple routes   ---  Dublin:  33 |
| Website | northmarket.org |
|  | |
|  | |
| 460-488 North Park Street Warehouse | |
| U.S. Historic district
Contributing property | |
| Columbus Register of Historic Properties | |
|  | |
| Part of | North Market Historic District (National and Columbus Registers) 82001460,
CR-21 |
| Significant dates | |
| Designated CP | December 30, 1982 |
| Designated CRHP | September 19, 1983 |
|  | |


title: Honda MVX250F

abstract: The Honda MVX250F is a Honda motorcycle with a water-cooled two-stroke V3 engine. New Zealand and Switzerland was one of the few countries in the world outside Japan where the MVX 250 was sold brand new through Honda motorcycle dealerships. The engine is mounted in the frame with the two outer cylinders facing horizontally forward and the rear cylinder vertical.

text:
# Honda MVX250F

The **Honda MVX250F** is a Honda motorcycle with a water-cooled two-stroke V3 engine. New Zealand and Switzerland was one of the few countries in the world outside Japan where the MVX 250 was sold brand new through Honda motorcycle dealerships. The engine is mounted in the frame with the two outer cylinders facing horizontally forward and the rear cylinder vertical.

## InfoBox

Honda MVX250F
| 1983 Honda MVX250F | |
| --- | --- |
| Manufacturer | Honda |
| Production | 1983–1984 |
| Successor | Honda NS250R, Honda NSR250R, NS250F |
| Class | Sport bike |
| Engine | 249 cc (15.2 cu in), liquid cooled, two-stroke, 90° V3
Crankcase reed valve induction |
| Bore / stroke | 47 mm × 48 mm (1.9 in × 1.9 in) |
| Transmission | Six-speed constant mesh manual, chain drive. |
| Suspension | Front: telescopic fork (with air spring cylinder)
Rear: swingarm |
| Brakes | Inboard single disc front and rear |
| Tires | Front: 110/90/ 16"
Rear: 110/80 18" |
| Wheelbase | 1,370 mm (54 in) |
| Dimensions | L: 2,010 mm (79 in)
W: 735 mm (28.9 in)
H: 1,155 mm (45.5 in)
 |
| Seat height | 780 mm (31 in) |
| Fuel capacity | 17 L (3.7 imp gal; 4.5 US gal) |


title: Rafael Palacios (artist)

abstract: Rafael D. Palacios (1905–1993) was a Puerto Rican-American freelance artist and illustrator specializing in book jackets and maps for major U.S. publishers in the mid- and late 20th century. Among the notable maps of his prolific and highly successful career are those in most of Isaac Asimov's history books and in Bruce Catton's Civil War books.

text:
# Rafael Palacios (artist)

**Rafael D. Palacios** (1905–1993) was a Puerto Rican-American freelance artist and illustrator specializing in book jackets and maps for major U.S. publishers in the mid- and late 20th century. Among the notable maps of his prolific and highly successful career are those in most of Isaac Asimov's history books and in Bruce Catton's Civil War books.

## Biography

Of Spanish-Puerto Rican parentage, Palacios was born in Santo Domingo, capital of the Dominican Republic. When he was five months old his family moved to Puerto Rico. He was educated in the Puerto Rican schools, but as an artist was largely self-taught. In 1928 he did his first fine arts sketches while in San Juan. He made something of a specialty of Afro-Caribbean portraiture. He made a brief visit to the United States in 1931. In 1937 he was chosen, with two others, to represent Puerto Rico at the second annual Exhibition of American Art in New York City. In 1938 he also exhibited at the Delphic Studios in New York, where he presented his first display of Afro-Antillean art (a one-man show of his gouaches). That same year he also exhibited at the first Newspaper Artists' Exhibition in New York, and in several one-man shows at the Athenaeum in San Juan and at the University of Puerto Rico.

Beginning in 1938 Palacios worked for American newspapers as an illustrator and translator of comic strips. In the mid-1940s, he shared a studio with several other freelance artists and did a number of covers and endpapers for Bantam Books. His endpapers had a strong cartographic quality and served a similar purpose with Dell Books' mapbacks.

In 1948, Palacios was chosen to produce the maps for Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower's memoir, *Crusade in Europe*.

Palacios took over as the cartographer from George Annand for the *Rivers of America* series in 1956. The last 13 books in the series (1956–74) contain maps by him.

## Works illustrated


title: Penalty (rugby)

abstract: In rugby football, the penalty is the main disciplinary sanction available to the referee to penalise players who commit deliberate infringements. The team who did not commit the infringement are given possession of the ball and may either kick it towards touch, attempt a place kick at goal, or tap the ball with their foot and run it. It is also sometimes used as shorthand for penalty goal.

text:
# Penalty (rugby)

In rugby football, the **penalty** is the main disciplinary sanction available to the referee to penalise players who commit deliberate infringements. The team who did not commit the infringement are given possession of the ball and may either kick it towards touch (in which case the ball back rule is waived), attempt a place kick at goal, or tap the ball with their foot and run it. It is also sometimes used as shorthand for *penalty goal*.

## Penalties in rugby union

The referee signals that he has awarded a penalty to a side by raising his arm at 45 degrees between vertical and horizontal and blowing a blast on his whistle. The arm is raised on the side that won the penalty. Penalties may be awarded for a number of offences, including:

* Failing to release the ball after being tackled, or the tackling player failing to release the tackled player or doing a dangerous tackle on the other player.
* Entering a ruck or maul from the side.
* Leaving one's feet in the ruck.
* Deliberately collapsing a scrum or illegally collapsing a maul (see ELV).
* Scrum infringements: not binding properly on an opponent (for prop forwards) or a teammate (for other players); leaving the scrum before the ball has emerged from it; not pushing straight against the opposing pack.
* Being offside and not making an effort to move to an onside position.
* Tackling infringements: a high tackle (where contact is made above the shoulders); or a player holding a teammate off the ground.
* Violent or Foul play: eye gouge, low blow, elbowing, tripping and so forth.
* Throwing or knocking the ball forwards, or out of play in any direction.
* Tackling or holding an opponent who is not in possession of the ball.
* Obstructing an opponent from tackling the ball-carrier (blocking).
* Not retreating ten metres at a penalty.
* Contesting or dissenting from a referee's decision, or using abusive language or conduct towards any match official.
* Any other action the referee considers to be "contrary to good sportsmanship" (such as throwing the ball away while play is stopped in order to prevent a prompt restart, especially if time is close to expiring).

Referees may not penalise some of these infringements if in their judgement the offending player had no intent to break the rules (e.g. a marginally late tackle on a player who has just kicked or passed the ball) or if the offending player was not participating in or affecting the game (e.g. a player who is in an offside position but not interfering with play). Equally, a referee may warn teams about technical infringements (especially at the scrum and ruck) before penalising them. Many consider a referee's willingness and ability to do so as a mark of good officiating in that it reduces stoppages in the game and allows it to "flow".

The side that is awarded the penalty restarts the game with a kick or scrum at their discretion. If a kick is taken, the side that the penalty was awarded against must retreat 10 metres (or to their goal line if closer). There are four ways of restarting the game;

* A tap penalty, often taken quickly to exploit lack of organisation in the opposition's retreating defence, is where a player drops the ball onto his foot and kicks it up into his arms (or puts it on the ground and kicks it a small distance before picking it up again) and then carries the ball forward.
* A kick to touch. The side with the penalty gets the throw-in to the resultant line-out, from which they have a good chance of securing possession. This is used mainly to gain territory though it is also used as a tactic to gain a platform for a rolling maul near the opponent's try line and muscle over for a score. The kicker may punt or drop kick for touch.
* A kick at goal. The kick at goal is usually taken off the ground from a sand or plastic tee (though it is possible to drop kick the ball). If it is successful, they score three points, and the opposition restart from the centre line. (In rugby sevens, the scoring team restarts from the centre line.) If the penalty is missed but the ball remains in play, play continues. If the penalty is missed and the ball goes dead a 22 metre drop-out is awarded to the opposition.
* A scrum. A team may opt to have a scrum. This would normally be taken if an attacking team wished to have all the defensive forwards tied up in one place allowing the backs the luxury of a one on one confrontation. Alternatively, if a team has ascendancy in the scrums they may try for a pushover try, which may result in the award of a penalty try if the scrums are deliberately collapsed by the defending side.
* A team awarded a penalty at a lineout may choose a further lineout into which they throw in.

One of the laws associated with penalties was experimented with in association football, that being that penalties may be moved 10 metres forward of their original position either due to talk-back from the players or offside from a quick tap penalty. This was dropped after variable application by referees, but remains a rugby rule.

## Penalties in rugby league

Penalties operate in roughly the same manner as in union, but with some slight differences. Firstly, the implication is that a side either takes a tap kick or a shot at goal. They can kick for touch, but, if the ball makes it into touch, the side then takes a tap kick 10m infield (20m infield in the NRL as of 2007) from the point where the ball went into touch (except where it goes into touch inside the opposition's 10m line, in which case the tap is taken from the 10m line), as opposed to a lineout. They can also tap the ball from where the penalty was awarded. In both instances, the defending side must remain 10m from the ball until the tap kick is taken.

The penalty may also be place-kicked towards goal. If successful, the kicking side scores two points. If the kick is unsuccessful and the ball is caught by the opposition before it leaves the field of play, play continues. If the ball goes into touch-in-goal or over the dead ball line, then play is restarted with a drop-out from the offenders' 20m line.

Penalties may be awarded for:

* Offside
* Tackling an opponent above the shoulders
* Tackling an opponent who is not in possession of the ball
* Tackling a player in midair
* Late hits (such as hitting a ballcarrier already taken to ground)
* Obstructing an opponent from tackling the ball-carrier
* Failing to retreat 10m from an opposition play-the-ball
* If marker at the play-the-ball, failing to stand opposite it
* Not playing the ball correctly at a play-the-ball
* Kicking the ball into touch, touch-in-goal, or over the dead ball line on the full from the kick-off
* Crossing the goal line, not sending the ball ten metres, on sending it into touch on the full from a goal-line drop-out
* Dissent (Disputing a Referee's decision)

There is also a *differential penalty*, awarded for technical breaches when a scrum is packed (as opposed to foul play within a scrum). A penalty goal cannot be scored from a differential penalty.


title: Water glyphs

abstract: Water glyphs are a recurring type of petroglyph found across the American southwest, but primarily in southern Utah, northern Arizona, and Nevada. The symbols are thought to be of ancient origin and have been dated using x-ray fluorescence to around 2000 years. Classification as a water glyph requires the presence of certain distinctive characteristics including both visual elements and location. Although the glyphs have likely been previously noted by local ranchers and farmers, the recurring pattern was first documented in 1997. To date, more than 370 instances of these petroglyphs had been cataloged in an extensive GIS study.

text:
# Water glyphs

**Water glyphs** are a recurring type of petroglyph found across the American southwest, but primarily in southern Utah, northern Arizona, and Nevada. The symbols are thought to be of ancient origin (perhaps created by the Ancestral Puebloans) and have been dated using x-ray fluorescence to around 2000 years. Classification as a water glyph requires the presence of certain distinctive characteristics including both visual elements and location. Although the glyphs have likely been previously noted by local ranchers and farmers, the recurring pattern was first documented in 1997.

To date, more than 370 instances of these petroglyphs had been cataloged in an extensive GIS study.

## Visual elements

Water glyphs are usually 48 inches long by 24 inches wide, with grooves carved half an inch to an inch deep.

* The symbol consists of a circle or ellipse bisected by a single straight line.
* The line usually extends beyond the edge of the circle on one side by a distance roughly equal to the diameter of the circle.
* Sometimes the extending line drops off the edge of the cliff or rock.
* The petroglyph usually contains a single deep depression, or "dot", within or near the circle.

Examples:

The position of the dot with respect to the glyph varies:

* It may be found outside or within the circle.
* It may be found to the right or left of the bisecting line.
* It may be found along one of the circular "horizon" lines.

The circle may also contain additional arcs or partial arcs, forming a crescent on one side of the ring, or a double ellipse; but the basic glyph remains the same.

## Location

Many petroglyphs and pictographs are located on cliff faces or under vertical overhangs, where they receive some limited protection from the elements. Water glyphs, however, typically lie along horizontal cliff edges or exposed rock surfaces. Occurrences of water glyphs are sometimes associated with the presence of Moki steps.

## Theories

In consideration of the orientations of the line and circle motifs within the pictographs, the authors of this research conclude that waterglyphs are directional markers pointing toward sources of water throughout the arid Arizona Strip.

Amateur archaeologists Robert Ford and Dixon Spendlove assert that the symbols were used by the ancient Pueblo peoples to mark springs or other important travel information in the desert. They assert that a high percentage of these symbols indicates line-of-sight directions to finding a natural spring, water pocket or pool, or ancient village site. They hypothesize that the symbols could be followed, from one water source to the next, across the entire Arizona Strip.

Opposing theories include use of these petroglyphs as astronomical/solstice markers, sacrificial altars or writings left by early Spanish explorers.

1. "WATER TRAILS OF THE ANASAZI", June 25th 1997 @ Udvar-Hazy business building server (http://144.38.20.128/cody/bobby.html) on the Dixie State College Campus.
2. Robert Ford and Dixon Spendlove waterglyph research.
3. Robert Ford, Dixon & Cody Spendlove, David Maxwell, Gordon Hutchings (Oct 2004), Waterglyphs: Ancient Cartography of the Arizona Strip, *Utah Rock Art*, Volume 24, page 29, edited by Carol B. Patterson.

## Publications


title: Valfried Zethrin

abstract:
Valfried (Val) Zethrin was a scion of a Prussian-Swedish family. Having originally fled social unrest in Prussia in the early 19th century the family settled in Stockholm, Sweden, before moving to London, England in 1870.
Val's early life was largely uneventful, though his godfather, the adventurer and gentleman racer Arthur Andrews, was responsible for his passion for motor racing. The two families had originally met socially in London and holidayed together in the pre-war years at Sandown, IOW.
At the age of 16 Val was bought a commission in the London Regiment, though was subsequently Gazetted in 1929 for bankruptcy.
His godfather arranged for him to assist at motor racing events, notably Brooklands. It was here, whilst lap charting in July 1935 that he first met Adrian Squire, and was introduced to the notable Squire sports car. Upon his Bankruptcy discharge in 1936 he persuaded his godfather to finance the purchase of a long-chassis VDP tourer, and in short order bought the entire stock of parts when the Squire Car Manufacturing Company was placed in Voluntary liquidation the next year.
The prewar period was difficult for Val Zethrin, being only able to sell two of the remaining cars. After the end of the war Val Zethrin pursued a new project, an updated and simplified attempt at the Squire concept, called the Zethrin Rennsport. The approach for this incorporated the Swedish concept of LAGOM which demands that engineering solutions be pared down to the minimum to deliver the functionality required. This resulted primarily in a simple execution of all the services required in the car, and necessitated a review of the exotic Anzani engine.
The reliability and cost of the R1 Anzani engine had always been an issue when used in the Squire, and post-war conditions rendered it unthinkable.
Through the good offices of the Allen-Bowden design company, contact was made with Donald Healey, who recommended using a souped up Riley Motor engine, as he had employed in the Healey-Abbott, with all-enveloping bodywork designed by Benjamin Bowden. This was derived from early work on the Veritas.
Suspension and modified frame from the Riley stable retained the 102" wheelbase of the short chassis Squire, providing the back-bone for what was to be an interesting but doomed venture.
180 bhp from the heavily modified engine was forecast suggesting that the target 135 mph maximum speed was achievable. It seems that this project went little further than a road-going prototype with aerodynamic bodywork, though British driver Geoff Richardson was signed up to drive in competitions. Zethrin did not have the technical expertise of Adrian Squire, and failed to ensure sufficient industry interest in what seemed a flight of fancy, in an era of austerity.
Lack of funds and backers falling away put paid to the Rennsport becoming available for purchase.
There was a final glimmer, when Zethrin sold the remaining Squire in his possession to an American car dealer, Charles Davison, who was signed up to promote the Rennsport in The USA.
No more was heard of the car until 2007, when the heavily damaged remnants of Val Zethrin's automotive property came to light, stored in a derelict coachhouse at Sandown, on the IOW. In 1939 Val Zethrin married Bridget Cornelius, who was a prominent fashion model, and they had one son. They lived in a house in Chislehurst, Kent, where he worked on his cars in their garage.

text:
# Valfried Zethrin

**Valfried (Val) Zethrin** (12 April 1902  January 1987) was a scion of a Prussian-Swedish family. Having originally fled social unrest in Prussia in the early 19th century the family settled in Stockholm, Sweden, before moving to London, England in 1870. Val's early life was largely uneventful, though his godfather, the adventurer and gentleman racer Arthur Andrews, was responsible for his passion for motor racing. The two families had originally met socially in London and holidayed together in the pre-war years at Sandown, IOW. At the age of 16 Val was bought a commission in the London Regiment, though was subsequently Gazetted in 1929 for bankruptcy. His godfather arranged for him to assist at motor racing events, notably Brooklands. It was here, whilst lap charting in July 1935 that he first met Adrian Squire, and was introduced to the notable Squire sports car. Upon his Bankruptcy discharge in 1936 he persuaded his godfather to finance the purchase of a long-chassis VDP tourer, and in short order bought the entire stock of parts when the Squire Car Manufacturing Company was placed in Voluntary liquidation the next year. The prewar period was difficult for Val Zethrin, being only able to sell two of the remaining cars.

After the end of the war Val Zethrin pursued a new project, an updated and simplified attempt at the Squire concept, called the Zethrin Rennsport. The approach for this incorporated the Swedish concept of LAGOM which demands that engineering solutions be pared down to the minimum to deliver the functionality required. This resulted primarily in a simple execution of all the services required in the car, and necessitated a review of the exotic Anzani engine. The reliability and cost of the R1 Anzani engine had always been an issue when used in the Squire, and post-war conditions rendered it unthinkable. Through the good offices of the Allen-Bowden design company, contact was made with Donald Healey, who recommended using a souped up Riley Motor engine, as he had employed in the Healey-Abbott, with all-enveloping bodywork designed by Benjamin Bowden. This was derived from early work on the Veritas. Suspension and modified frame from the Riley stable retained the 102" wheelbase of the short chassis Squire, providing the back-bone for what was to be an interesting but doomed venture. 180 bhp from the heavily modified engine was forecast suggesting that the target 135 mph maximum speed was achievable. It seems that this project went little further than a road-going prototype with aerodynamic bodywork, though British driver Geoff Richardson was signed up to drive in competitions. Zethrin did not have the technical expertise of Adrian Squire, and failed to ensure sufficient industry interest in what seemed a flight of fancy, in an era of austerity. Lack of funds and backers falling away put paid to the Rennsport becoming available for purchase. There was a final glimmer, when Zethrin sold the remaining Squire in his possession to an American car dealer, Charles Davison, who was signed up to promote the Rennsport in The USA. No more was heard of the car until 2007, when the heavily damaged remnants of Val Zethrin's automotive property came to light, stored in a derelict coachhouse at Sandown, on the IOW.

In 1939 Val Zethrin married Bridget Cornelius, who was a prominent fashion model, and they had one son. They lived in a house in Chislehurst, Kent, where he worked on his cars in their garage.


title: My Friends (Red Hot Chili Peppers song)

abstract: "My Friends" is a song by American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers and the fourth track on their sixth studio album, One Hot Minute (1995). It is a melodic ballad and was released as the second single from the album. It is the only song from One Hot Minute to be included on their Greatest Hits compilation, though the music video for "Aeroplane" appears on the DVD. It became the band's third number-one single on the US Billboard Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart, where it remained for four consecutive weeks, and their first number one on the Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart, making it the band's first single to top both charts. The single features two unreleased B-sides. "Stretch" was intended for the album following the fade out of "One Big Mob". The two were planned to be one song titled "One Big Mob/Stretch You Out" however "Stretch" was not included.

text:
# My Friends (Red Hot Chili Peppers song)

"**My Friends**" is a song by American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers and the fourth track on their sixth studio album, *One Hot Minute* (1995). It is a melodic ballad and was released as the second single from the album. It is the only song from *One Hot Minute* to be included on their *Greatest Hits* compilation, though the music video for "Aeroplane" appears on the DVD. It became the band's third number-one single on the US *Billboard* Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart, where it remained for four consecutive weeks, and their first number one on the *Billboard* Album Rock Tracks chart, making it the band's first single to top both charts.

The single features two unreleased B-sides. "Stretch" (originally titled Stretch You Out) was intended for the album following the fade out of "One Big Mob". The two were planned to be one song titled "One Big Mob/Stretch You Out" however "Stretch" was not included.

## Music videos

The surreal original music video depicts the band in many incarnations on a small boat, stranded in a large stretch of treacherous water. This video was directed by Anton Corbijn. Anthony Kiedis admits that he thought this video was not very good, as it was not realistic. A second video was made for the song, directed by Gavin Bowden, where they were in a studio performing the song. The video was shot in late 1994 at the start of the recording sessions for *One Hot Minute*, hence Flea had a beard in the video. It appears on their *Greatest Hits* DVD.

## Live performances

"My Friends" was performed regularly during the One Hot Minute Tour. However, it hasn't been performed in full since 1996, only teased.

On October 2, 2021, Chad Smith and Dave Navarro performed "My Friends" together for the first time in 25 years at the Ohana Festival. They were joined by Taylor Hawkins on vocals, Pat Smear on guitar and Chris Chaney on bass.

## Track listings

**CD single (1995)**

1. "My Friends" (album)
2. "Coffee Shop" (album)
3. "Let's Make Evil" (previously unreleased)
4. "Stretch" (previously unreleased)

**CD version 2 (1995)**

1. "My Friends" (album)
2. "Coffee Shop" (album)
3. "Let's Make Evil" (previously unreleased)

**12-inch single (1995)**

1. "My Friends" (album)
2. "Coffee Shop" (album)
3. "Let's Make Evil" (previously unreleased)
4. "Stretch" (previously unreleased)

## Personnel

**Red Hot Chili Peppers**

**Additional musicians**

## Charts

## Release history

| Region | Version | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) | Ref(s). |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | "My Friends" | September 26, 1995 |  | Warner Bros. |  |
| | United Kingdom | October 9, 1995 | | * 12-inch vinyl * CD * cassette |  |
| Japan | "Warped" / "My Friends" | October 10, 1995 | | CD |  |

## InfoBox

| "My Friends" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Red Hot Chili Peppers | |
| from the album  *One Hot Minute* | |
| B-side | * "Let's Make Evil" * "Stretch" |
| Released | October 9, 1995 (1995-10-09) |
| Genre | Alternative rock |
| Length | 4:02 |
| Label | Warner Bros. |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Rick Rubin |
| Red Hot Chili Peppers singles chronology | |
| "Warped"
(1995) "**My Friends**"
(1995) "Aeroplane"
(1996) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "My Friends" on YouTube | |
| Music video | |
| "My Friends (Version 2)" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Florida State Road 507

abstract: State Road 507 is a 4.9-mile-long (7.9 km), four-lane highway serving Melbourne and Palm Bay, Florida. It is also known locally as Babcock Street. The southern terminus is an intersection with Malabar Road in Palm Bay; the current northern terminus is an intersection with New Haven Avenue in Melbourne.

text:
# Florida State Road 507

**State Road 507** (**SR 507**) is a 4.9-mile-long (7.9 km), four-lane highway serving Melbourne and Palm Bay, Florida. It is also known locally as **Babcock Street**. The southern terminus is an intersection with Malabar Road (SR 514 east of SR 507, County Road 514 west of it) in Palm Bay; the current northern terminus is an intersection with New Haven Avenue (U.S. Highway 192 (US 192)/SR 500) in Melbourne.

## Route description

Babcock Street is a major commuter road for Palm Bay, one of the fastest-growing cities in the United States since 1980. The northern half (in Melbourne) features shopping centers and the main campus of Florida Institute of Technology; the southern half (in Palm Bay) passes through a large housing development.

## County Road 507

South of SR 514, Babcock Road becomes a signed **County Road 507** (**CR 507**), which continues 13 miles (21 km) southward to the boundary between Brevard County and Indian River County, four miles (6 km) north of Fellsmere. The road continues as County Road 507 to the intersection of County Road 512. Major destinations the road passes through are Port Malabar Industrial Park, Fountainhead Memorial Park, Greenwood Plantation, Deer Run, Sebastian Canal, and Downtown Fellsmere.

County Road 507 north of US 192 is a primary commercial boulevard for Melbourne, with businesses lining both sides of the street.

## History

The historic northern terminus is 2.2 miles (3.5 km) further north, an intersection with Harbor City Boulevard (U.S. Route 1/SR 5), also in Melbourne (the former northern section of SR 507 is now unsigned County Road 507).

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Brevard County.

| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Palm Bay | 0.000 | 0.000 |
SR 514 (Malabar Road) to I-95 Fairgrounds |  |
| | 2.528 | 4.068 |

CR 516 west (Palm Bay Road) to I-95 |  |
| Melbourne | 5.528 | 8.896 | US 192 (New Haven Avenue / SR 500) Henegar Center, Historic Downtown Melbourne |  |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/Florida State Road 507KML is not from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| State Road 507 | |
| --- | --- |
| Babcock Street | |
| SR 507 in red, CR 507 in blue | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by FDOT | |
| Length | 5.528 mi (8.896 km) |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | SR 514 in Palm Bay |
| North end | US 192 in Melbourne |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Florida |
| Counties | Brevard |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| SR 501   SR 508 | |


title: Pauline of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus

abstract: Pauline of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus, C.I.I.C., was a Catholic immigrant from Austria-Hungary to Brazil who became the foundress of the Congregation of the Little Sisters of the Immaculate Conception, religious sisters who serve the poor. She was the first Brazilian to be proclaimed a saint by the Catholic Church when she was canonized on May 19, 2002, by Pope John Paul II. Pauline suffered from diabetes for much of her life and is considered an "unofficial" patron saint of diabetics.

text:
# Pauline of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus

**Pauline of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus**, C.I.I.C. (born **Amabile Lucia Visintainer**; December 16, 1865 – July 9, 1942), was a Catholic immigrant from Austria-Hungary to Brazil who became the foundress of the Congregation of the Little Sisters of the Immaculate Conception, religious sisters who serve the poor.

She was the first Brazilian to be proclaimed a saint by the Catholic Church when she was canonized on May 19, 2002, by Pope John Paul II. Pauline suffered from diabetes for much of her life and is considered an "unofficial" patron saint of diabetics.

## Life

### Early life

She was born **Amabile Lucia Visintainer** on December 16, 1865, the second daughter of Antonio Napoleone Visintainer and Anna Pianezzer in the town of Vigolo Vattaro, then in the County of Tyrol, part of Austro-Hungary, now in Italy. Her ancestors were Germanic, who had settled in the region of Vigolo Vattaro as early as 1491, their surname being originally spelled **Wiesenteiner**.

Like many others in the area, the Visintainer family was very poor but practising Catholics. In September 1875, the family, along with a hundred other people of the town, about a fifth of its population, emigrated to the State of Santa Catarina in Brazil, where they founded the village of Vigolo, now part of Nova Trento. She was known even at a youthful age for her piety and charity. From an early age she spoke of giving her life to God. She had very little intellectual education, but great love for the Catholic faith and for the suffering and poor. After receiving her First Communion at about age 12, she began to participate in the life of the local parish, teaching catechism to children, visiting the sick and cleaning the local chapel.

### Religious life

On 12 July 1890, Visintainer and her friend, Virginia Rosa Nicolodi, under the spiritual direction of a Jesuit priest, Luigi Rossi, committed their lives to religious service, under dedication to the Immaculate Conception of Our Lady. They began by caring for a woman suffering from terminal cancer, in a small house which was donated to the small community and the young girls began a schedule of religious living. After the woman's death the following year, they were joined by a third friend, Teresa Anna Maule.

In 1895, Rossi and Visintainer, seeing the need for a more formal and secure organization of the young women coming to them, decided to establish a religious congregation called the Congregation of the Little Sisters of the Immaculate Conception, which was approved by José de Camargo Barros, Bishop of Curitiba. In December of that same year, the founding trio took religious vows. Visintainer took the religious name by which she is now known. The congregation, Brazil's first locally founded, grew quickly throughout the state, and in 1903 Pauline was elected their Superior General for life. She moved from Nova Trento to Ipiranga, São Paulo, where she opened a convent of the congregation in order to take care of orphans, the children of former slaves – slavery having been ended by the Empire of Brazil only in 1888, and aged slaves who had been left to die because they could no longer work.

In 1909 Pauline was removed from her position as Superior General by Duarte Leopoldo e Silva, Archbishop of São Paulo, following a series of disputes within the congregation. She was sent to work with the sick at the Santa Casa and the elderly of the Hospice of St. Vincent de Paul at Bragança Paulista, without being able to assume an active role in her own congregation. She spent her spare time praying in support of the congregation. In 1918, with the permission of Archbishop Duarte, she was brought back by the Superior General, Vicência Teodora, to live at the General Motherhouse of the congregation at Ipiranga, where she would remain until her death. Pauline was acknowledged as the "Venerable Mother Foundress", when the Decree of Praise was granted by Pope Pius XI on 19 May 1933 to the Congregation of the Little Sisters, establishing it as one of pontifical right.

Pauline's health began a long, slow decline in 1938, as she fought a losing battle with diabetes. In two operations, first her middle finger and then her right arm were amputated. She spent the last months of her life totally blind. On 9 July 1942 she died with the last words, "God's will be done".

### Veneration

Pauline was beatified by Pope John Paul II on 18 October 1991, during his visit to Florianópolis. For her beatification, three relics were made from the fingerbones of her remaining hand. One was given to Pope John Paul, the second to the convent where she had lived and is currently housed in the Shrine of St. Paulina in Nova Trento, and the other to her relations, Albert Visintainer and his family of Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania, United States. This can be seen at the St. Pauline Visintainer Center in Kulpmont, Pennsylvania.

Pope John Paul II later canonized Paulina on 19 May 2002 in a ceremony in Saint Peter's Square, where she became the first Brazilian female saint. Hundreds of Brazilians, including then-President Fernando Henrique Cardoso, attended the event.

Her feast day is July 9.

1. Peterson, Larry. "Brazil’s first canonized female saint was a lifelong diabetic", *Aleteia*, May 1, 2020
2. (en) Saint Paulina do Coração Agonizante de Jesus at the Catholic Forum.
3. "Paulina do Coração Agonizante de Jesus". *Vatican News Service*.
4. (en) Farace, *Love's Harvest*, p. 108
5. "Saint Pauline Foundation". 2008-06-25. Archived from the original on 2008-06-25. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
6. "Biografia". *Congregação da Irmãzinhas da Imaculada Conceição* (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2013-10-26.
7. "Brazil gets first female saint". BBC News. May 19, 2002.
8. "St. Pauline of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus", Saints Resource, RCL Benziger Archived 2014-03-07 at the Wayback Machine

## Literature

* (en) Frederick A. Farace, S.T.L., *Love's Harvest: The Life of Blessed Pauline*, published 1994 (Milford, Ohio, USA: Faith Publishing Co., 1997) ISBN 1-877678-31-7
* (pt) Gesiel \[Theodoro da Silva\] Júnior, *Madre Paulina – Uma holy passou por Avaré* \[One Saint just for Avaré\] (Avaré, Brazil: Editions Gril, 2002)
* (it) Célia B\[astiana\]. Cadorin, *Essere per gli altri - Cronistoria di Madre Paolina del Cuore Agonizzante di Gesù* \[Be for others - Biography of Mother Pauline of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus\] (Vigolo Vattaro, Trentino, Italy: *Congregazione Piccole Suore dell'Immacola Concezione, Casa Madre Paolina* \[Congregation of the Little Sisters of the Immaculate Conception, House of Mother Pauline\], 1989)
* (it) Guido Lorenzi, *La Beata Madre Paolina - fra carisma e obbedienza* \[Blessed Mother Pauline – Between Charisma and Obedience\]. (Milan: Edizioni Àncora, 1991) ISBN 88-7610-383-X
* (it) Anonymous, *Piccola storia di una grande Santa* \[Little Story of a Great Saint\] (Trento, Italy: *Vita Trentina Editrice* \[Trentino Life Publishing\], 2002)

## InfoBox

| Saint
Pauline of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus
C.I.I.C. | |
| --- | --- |
| Portrait of Saint Pauline | |
| Religious and foundress | |
| Born | Amabile Lucia Visintainer
(1865-12-16)December 16, 1865
Vigolo Vattaro, County of Tyrol, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | July 9, 1942(1942-07-09) (aged 76)
Ipiranga, São Paulo (state), Brazil |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church
(Little Sisters of the Immaculate Conception, Brazil) |
| Beatified | October 18, 1991, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, by Pope John Paul II |
| Canonized | May 19, 2002, Vatican City, by Pope John Paul II |
| Major shrine | Sanctuary of St. Pauline, Nova Trento, Santa Catarina, Brazil. |
| Feast | July 9 |


title: Paul Giannelli

abstract: Paul Giannelli is an American lawyer, consultant and law professor. He is a leading expert on scientific and forensic evidence. He is currently a Distinguished University Professor and the Albert J. Weatherhead III & Richard W. Weatherhead Professor Emeritus of Law at Case Western Reserve University School of Law.

text:
# Paul Giannelli

**Paul Giannelli** (born May 21, 1945) is an American lawyer, consultant and law professor. He is a leading expert on scientific and forensic evidence. He is currently a Distinguished University Professor and the Albert J. Weatherhead III & Richard W. Weatherhead Professor Emeritus of Law at Case Western Reserve University School of Law.

## Education

Giannelli received his Bachelor of Arts, *summa cum laude*, from Providence College. He then received his Juris Doctor from the University of Virginia where he was an editor of the *Virginia Law Review*. He also received a Master of Science in Forensic Science from George Washington University and Master of Law from the University of Virginia.

## Career

Giannelli was both a prosecutor and defense counsel in the military before becoming a legal academic.

## Scholarship

*The New York Times* has called him an “expert on scientific evidence” and *The Washington Post* and PBS have called him an "evidence and procedure expert".

At law school, he has taught numerous courses on Evidence, Scientific Evidence, Wrongful Convictions Seminar, Advanced Evidence Seminar, Criminal Procedure, Criminal Process, Criminal Law, Capital Punishment Seminar, Juvenile Law, Corrections & Prisoners’ Rights Seminar, and Trial Practice.

He is a Fellow of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences and served on the National Commission on Forensic Science.

## InfoBox

| Paul Giannelli | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1945-05-21) May 21, 1945 |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | Providence College (BA)
University of Virginia (JD, LLM)
George Washington University (BS) |
| Occupations | * Lawyer * consultant * law professor |


title: Paul Gibbons

abstract: Paul Gibbons is an English businessman. He co-founded the magazine Auto Trader and its parent company Hurst Publishing alongside John Madejski. He has appeared on the Sunday Times Rich List in recent years.

text:
# Paul Gibbons

**Paul Gibbons** (born 4 May 1947 in Reading) is an English businessman. He co-founded the magazine *Auto Trader* and its parent company Hurst Publishing alongside John Madejski. He has appeared on the *Sunday Times Rich List* in recent years.

## Life and career

Gibbons was born on 4 May 1947, in Reading. His first job was for the well known tailors Burton where he started making customised and off the peg clothing. As tailoring moved towards pre-made and off the peg designs, Gibbons changed career and joined the *Reading Evening Post* as a sales representative, selling advertising space. The *Reading Evening Post* was a Thomson owned regional, and Gibbons was to become a top salesman across the Thomson Regional Press newspaper group. Thomson was the first regional press to introduce classified advertising into their titles.

It was here that Gibbons met John Madejski who also worked for Thomson as a sales representative. The two created the idea for the Thames Valley Trader; a trading magazine where members of the public could sell a wide variety of products. The first edition carried the picture of an aeroplane on the front cover. The two businessmen soon realised that cars were the main draw of the magazine and began to focus in this area. The first Auto Trader title to be established was Hurst's Thames Valley Trader in 1977. This was followed by the publication of a second title, Southern Auto Trader, launched in 1981. It was at this stage the Guardian Media Group contacted Hurst Publishing, with a view of creating a man made of blocks and brass. Similar publication in the North of England, in partnership with Hurst Publishing.

In July 1998, Gibbons and Madejski sold part of their business to the specialist European venture capitalists BC Partners, who approached Guardian Media Group and proposed a merger to form a new company. Trader Media Group was launched in May 2000.

After a six month break Gibbons negotiated the purchase of Sandford Springs Golf Club using the Enterprise Investment Scheme and **Leaderboard Golf Ltd** was established. With Leaderboard Golf Ltd, Gibbons has gone on to purchase Chart Hills in Kent, designed by six-time major champion Nick Faldo; Dale Hill in East Sussex, designed by former Masters Champion and Ryder Cup captain Ian Woosnam; The Oxfordshire in Thame, Oxfordshire; and the Leaderboard Golf Centre in Reading, a 37 bay covered and floodlit golf range, coaching academy and retail store.

## InfoBox

| Paul Gibbons | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1947-05-04) 4 May 1947<br>Reading, Berkshire, England |
| Occupation(s) | Businessman, executive, publisher |
| Spouse | Jennifer Gibbons |


title: Paulet

abstract:
Paulet, variant spelling Powlett, is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
  - Amias Paulet (1532–1588), English diplomat
  - Anthony Paulet (1562–1600), Governor of the Isle of Jersey (1588–1600)
  - Charles Paulet, 1st Duke of Bolton
  - Charles Paulet, 2nd Duke of Bolton (1661–1722)
  - Charles Powlett, 3rd Duke of Bolton (1685–1754)
  - Charles Powlett, 5th Duke of Bolton (1718–1765)
  - Charles Powlett (1728–1809), English clergyman and cricket administrator
  - Charles Paulet, 13th Marquess of Winchester (1764–1843)
  - Charles Armand Powlett, British soldier
  - Christopher Paulet, Earl of Wiltshire
  - Frederick Powlett (1811–1865), Australian politician and cricket administrator
  - George Paulet (1553–1608), English soldier
  - George Paulet, 12th Marquess of Winchester (1722–1800), English courtier
  - Lord George Paulet (1803–1879), officer in the Royal Navy
  - Harry Powlett, 4th Duke of Cleveland (1803–1891)
  - Harry Powlett, 4th Duke of Bolton (1691–1759)
  - Harry Powlett, 6th Duke of Bolton (1720–1794)
  - Henry Paulet (1767–1832), Royal Navy vice-admiral
  - Henry Powlett, 3rd Baron Bayning (1797–1866)
  - John Paulet, 2nd Marquess of Winchester
  - John Paulet, 5th Marquess of Winchester
  - Jean-Jacques Paulet (1740–1826), French mycologist
  - Iozefina Păuleţ, Romanian and Dutch women chess grandmaster
  - Lord Nassau Powlett (1698–1741), English nobleman and politician
  - Nigel Paulet, 18th Marquess of Winchester
  - Pedro Paulet (1874–1945), Peruvian scientist
  - Thomas Orde-Powlett, 1st Baron Bolton (1740–1807)
  - William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester, English statesman
  - William Paulet, 3rd Marquess of Winchester (1532–1598)
  - William Paulet, 4th Marquess of Winchester
  - William Paulet, Lord St John
  - William Orde-Powlett, 5th Baron Bolton (1869–1944)
  - Lord William Paulet (1804–1893), British Army officer
  - Lord William Powlett, English MP for Winchester 1689–1710

text:
# Paulet

**Paulet**, variant spelling **Powlett**, is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

The noble family of Paulet, also known as the House of Paulet, held significant influence and prominence in England during various periods of history. The family traces its origins back to the medieval era and has played an important role in Hampshire's history.

The Paulet family gained prominence during the Tudor period, particularly in the 16th century. They were staunch supporters of the Tudor monarchs, notably Queen Mary I and Queen Elizabeth I. The family's most notable figure during this time was William Paulet, who was created the 1st Marquess of Winchester by Queen Mary I. He served as Lord High Treasurer of England and was one of the wealthiest men in the country. The title of Marquess of Winchester became hereditary in the Paulet family.

The Paulet family owned extensive estates in Hampshire, with Basing House in Basingstoke being their primary seat. Basing House was a grand and formidable mansion, serving as the family's stronghold. It was known for its impressive architecture and played a role in the English Civil War.

Throughout the centuries, the Paulet family maintained their influence and wealth. They held various titles and positions of power, including High Sheriff of Hampshire. However, by the 18th century, the family's fortunes began to decline, and their prominence gradually diminished.

Today, while the direct line of the Paulet family's noble titles has become extinct, their legacy remains in Hampshire's history. Basing House, although in ruins after the English Civil War, still stands as a historic site and testament to the family's once-great influence in the region.


title: Paulet High School

abstract: Paulet High School is a mixed secondary school and sixth form located in the Stapenhill area of Burton on Trent, Staffordshire, England. Previously a community school administered by Staffordshire County Council, in February 2020 Paulet High School converted to academy status. The school is now sponsored by the John Taylor MAT.

text:
# Paulet High School

**Paulet High School** is a mixed secondary school and sixth form located in the Stapenhill area of Burton on Trent, Staffordshire, England.

Previously a community school administered by Staffordshire County Council, in February 2020 Paulet High School converted to academy status. The school is now sponsored by the John Taylor MAT.

## Stapenhill Post 16 Centre

The idea of a purpose-built sixth form centre shared between the neighbouring Paulet High School and Blessed Robert Sutton Catholic Sports College (now Blessed Robert Sutton Catholic Voluntary Academy) was first discussed in 2001, with a £1-million proposal accepted by planners and school governors in October 2002. Building work on the centre commenced in November 2002. The project was carried out by building contractors Interclass. The sixth form centre opened in September 2003.

The centre was officially opened in March 2004 by Charles Clarke as Secretary of State for Education and Skills.

In January 2010, the centre received a visit from Ed Balls during his service as Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families.

However, after the shared sixth form provision received a critical report from Ofsted, Blessed Robert Sutton Catholic Sports College decided to split the partnership and offer its own independent sixth form provision. From 2015 Paulet High School has offered its own sixth form provision and is the sole occupant of the sixth form building.

## Notable former pupils

52°47′24″N 1°36′56″W / 52.79000°N 1.61556°W / 52.79000; -1.61556

## InfoBox

| Paulet High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| Violet Way
Stapenhill
Burton Upon Trent, Staffordshire, DE15 9RT
England | |
| Information | |
| Type | Academy |
| Motto | *Encouraging Achievement in a Positive Environment* |
| Established | 1903 (1975 as Paulet) |
| Founder | Burton Council |
| Local authority | Staffordshire |
| Trust | John Taylor MAT |
| Department for Education URN | 147574 Tables |
| Ofsted | Reports |
| Headteacher | Ian McArthur |
| Staff | 100 |
| Gender | Mixed |
| Age | 11 to 18 |
| Enrolment | 862 |
| Colour(s) | Burgundy |
| Website | http://www.paulet.co.uk/ |


title: Florence Harrison Bell

abstract: Florence Nightingale Harrison Bell was a British socialist and suffragist activist.

text:
# Florence Harrison Bell

**Florence Nightingale Harrison Bell** (8 October 1865  September 1948) was a British socialist and suffragist activist.

## Life

Born in Newcastle-upon-Tyne on 8 October 1865 as **Florence Tait.** She was the illegitimate daughter of Isabella Tait. At her baptism on 17 December at St. Andrew Newcastle she was recorded as Florence Harrison, her father was recorded as Thomas Latham Harrison (gentleman). After that she adopted the name **Florence Latham Harrison**. Her father, a Newcastle bookmaker, died when Florence was age two. She and her mother lived briefly in Scotland and then returned to North East England when her mother Isabella married Thomas Hedley Thompson, an engine fitter, at Gateshead Register Office on 30 October 1878. From that time Florence lived with her mother and stepfather in Gateshead and Newcastle.

She worked as a cook before studying at Armstrong College and becoming a teacher. At some time she adopted the name **Florence Nightingale Harrison**. Under that name in 1896, she married Joseph Nicholas Bell, general secretary of the National Amalgamated Union of Labour. She became active in the Independent Labour Party (ILP), and was the first woman to serve on its National Administrative Council (NAC). In 1898, she was replaced on the NAC by Emmeline Pankhurst. Through the ILP, she became active in the Labour Representation Committee (LRC), and was the first secretary of the Newcastle LRC.

In 1902, Bell became a director of the Newcastle Co-operative Society. By 1907, she was working as an organiser for the Women's Trade Union League. She was also active in the suffrage movement, holding membership of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies and served as secretary of its local affiliate, the North East Society for Women's Suffrage. In 1909, she stood down from the position, and the following year she became secretary of the local branch of the Women's Labour League.

Bell was elected to the executive of the Women's Labour League in 1913. In 1918, she was elected to the Labour Party's National Executive Committee as part of a league slate. She lost her seat the following year, but served again later in the decade.

She and her husband moved to North Finchley as they hoped that he would become an M.P. Her husband was elected as the Member of Parliament for Newcastle in 1922 but he died within a month of being elected. A local newspaper noted that he had been known as the husband of Florence Bell and speculated that Bell would clearly win if she stood for election. She did not stand.

In 1923, Bell was chair of the Standing Joint Committee of Women's Organisations. She remained active in the Labour Party, and stood in Luton at the 1929 UK general election, taking third place with 16.5% of the vote.

She died, age 83, on 8 September 1948. In October 2019, Newcastle City Council erected a plaque in her memory on the house in Hotspur Street, in which she and her husband lived for around twenty years. It reads "Florence Nightingale Harrison Bell (1865-1948). Socialist, suffragist, tireless campaigner for healthcare, women's and children's rights. First Federal Secretary of the Independent Labour Party. Lived here 1901-1920." Only the second plaque to a woman in Newcastle (the first was Dr. Ethel Williams)


title: Paulică Ion

abstract: Paulică Ion is a Romanian rugby union footballer. A tighthead prop, he started his career with CSA Steaua București, before moving to Bath in 2007 and previously played for London Irish. He was loaned to London Welsh for the 2012/13 Season. On 20 April 2013, it was announced Paulica Ion would join the French Top 14 side USA Perpignan for the 2013/14 season.

text:
# Paulică Ion

**Paulică Ion** (born 10 January 1983 in Brăila) is a Romanian rugby union footballer. A tighthead prop, he started his career with CSA Steaua București, before moving to Bath in 2007 and previously played for London Irish. He was loaned to London Welsh for the 2012/13 Season. On 20 April 2013, it was announced Paulica Ion would join the French Top 14 side USA Perpignan for the 2013/14 season.

## Provincial / State sides

Ion was also selected between 2005 and 2015 for the State side assembled to play in the European Cups, namely București Wolves.

## International career

As of 11 October 2015, he has played 74 games for the Romanian national team, scoring one try. He played one match at the 2003 Rugby World Cup finals, two at the 2007 Rugby World Cup finals, four at the 2011 Rugby World Cup finals and also four at the 2015 Rugby World Cup finals.

## InfoBox

Paulică Ion
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Paulică Ion |
| Date of birth | (1983-01-10) 10 January 1983 |
| Place of birth | Brăila, Romania |
| Height | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) |
| Weight | 119 kg (18 st 10 lb) |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Prop  Youth career  Tracon Brăila  Senior career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2003–04
2004–07
2007–09
2009–12
2012–13
2013–16 Universitatea Cluj
Steaua București
Bath
London Irish
London Welsh
Perpignan
?
24
64
20
68
(?)
(0)
(5)
(0)
(0)  Correct as of 30 December 2019 @15:38:44 PM (AEST)  Provincial / State sides  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2004–07 București Wolves  13  (0)  Correct as of 20 April 2020  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2003–15 Romania  74  (5)  Correct as of 11 October 2015 | |


title: Paulo Borba Casella

abstract: Paulo Borba Casella is a Brazilian professor of international law at the University of São Paulo. He specialises in International and comparative law, and human rights. He has lectured at The Hague Academy of International Law. He was a candidate for the 2022 International Court of Justice judges election, nominated by the Brazilian National Group at the Permanent Court of Arbitration.

text:
# Paulo Borba Casella

**Paulo Borba Casella** is a Brazilian professor of international law at the University of São Paulo. He specialises in International and comparative law, and human rights. He has lectured at The Hague Academy of International Law.

He was a candidate for the 2022 International Court of Justice judges election, nominated by the Brazilian National Group at the Permanent Court of Arbitration.

## Academic career

Professor of Public International Law at São Paulo University Law School (USP, Full Professor since 2007) where he has lectured since 1984. Law Graduate (1982), Doctor degree in International Law (1986), "livre docente" in International Law (1993) at USP.

Deputy Director of the Law School at USP (2010-2014), Head of the Department of International and Comparative Law (2008–2010 and 2014–2018) and of the Publication Commission of the Law Journal of USP Law School.

President of DWI - Institute for International Law and Relations of São Paulo (since September 2018); Lawyer admitted to Brazilian Bar in São Paulo; coordinated courses on International Law at the Higher School of the Brazilian Bar Association (ESA-OAB-SP) (May 2019 to June 2021); coordinator of CEPIM - Centre of Studies on the International Protection of Minorities at USP and coordinator of GEBRICS - Group of Studies on the BRICS at USP.

Invited to lecture on "International Law, History and Culture" at The Hague Academy of International Law (January 2020), "Gilberto Amado Memorial Lecture" at the UNO International Law Commission, in Geneva (17 July 2013), courses at )(XXVI and XIII Courses on International Law at the Organization of American States (OAS) in 2009 and 2015, lectured at the Permanent Tribunal of Revision of the MERCOSUL in Asuncion, where he was awarded the Rosalba Medal and Diploma (2015) "in recognition of his contribution to International Law", lectured at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands, The Hague (2013), lectured at the Institute for Latin America of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow (2014), as well as at the Universities of Amsterdam, Asuncion, Berlim-Humboldt (2012, 2016), Bielefeld, Minho at Braga (2018, 2019, 2020), Buenos Aires, Coimbra, Cordoba, Heinrich Heine in Diisseldorf, Florence, Hamburg, Heidelberg, Helsinki, Hiroshima, Johannesburg, Leyden, Lisbon, European University of Lisbon, Lodz, Luxembourg, Lyon III (2000, 2015, 2016, 2018), Maastricht, Macau (from 2007 to 2012), Maputo, Mathura, Milan- Bocconi, Montreal, New Delhi, Nice, Ottawa, Paris-Sorbonne (2007, 2010, 2018), Paris-Pantheon-Assas, Rennes, Rome I - La Sapienza (2009, 2014), Rome II - Tor Vergata (2013), SaarbrUcken (1993, 1995), Saint Petersburg (2019) and the National Research University in Saint Petersburg (2011, 2014), Salamanca, Strasburg (where he also co-directed a Doctor degree completed in 2014), Tokyo-Meiji, Tlibingen, at the Brazilian Society for the Development of the Sciences (SBPC) (2015), the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in Brasilia and the Alexandre de Gusmao Foundation, in Rio de Janeiro as well as several Brazilian Universities.

Chaired and participated in procedures for the choice of Full Professors at the: Law School of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, for Public International Law (2020), Law School of the University of São Paulo, for Private International Law (2019), Law School of the State University of Rio de Janeiro for Public International Law (2017) and for Private International Law (2016), as well as at the University Eduardo Mondlane in Maputo, the Federal University in Julz de Fora, the USP Law School in São Paulo and in Ribeirao Preto, and others.

Fluent (speaks, reads and writes) in English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish. He has good knowledge of Russian, Latin and Ancient Greek.

## InfoBox

| Paulo Borba Casella | |
| --- | --- |
| Borba Casella at his personal library | |
|  | |
| Professor of Public International Law at São Paulo University Law School | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 16 September 1960 (1960-09-16) (age 64)<br>São Paulo, SP, Brazil |
| Alma mater | University of São Paulo |
|  | |


title: Florida Senate Bill 86 (2021)

abstract: Senate Bill 86, also titled SB 86: Student Financial Aid or An act relating to student financial aid was a proposed 2021 Florida educational funding bill that would have made major changes to the implementation and administration of the Bright Futures Scholarship Program. The bill drew considerable controversy due to its proposals.

text:
# Florida Senate Bill 86 (2021)

**Senate Bill 86**, also titled **SB 86: Student Financial Aid** or **An act relating to student financial aid** was a proposed 2021 Florida educational funding bill that would have made major changes to the implementation and administration of the Bright Futures Scholarship Program. The bill drew considerable controversy due to its proposals.

## History

Senate Bill 86 was originally proposed by Senator Dennis Baxley of Lady Lake in February 2021, during the 2021 Legislative Session of the Florida Legislature. The bill intended to impose certain limitations on the amount of Bright Futures funding students could receive based on their major. The Board of Governors and State Board of Education were to draft a list of majors and programs of study which lead to employment. This list would have been used in determine who would receive full funding and who would receive half funding.

The bill was first heard by the Florida Senate Committee on Education on March 16, 2021. It was originally scheduled to be heard on March 9, 2021, but could not be fit into the schedule. After debate between GOP and Democratic senators, the committee passed an amendment by Dennis Baxley along party lines, 5-4. The newly amended version would put a hold on registration freshman year, until students completed certain training modules. Most other language was kept.

In mid-March, when asked about Bright Futures, Governor Ron DeSantis signaled his support for full funding. The bill passed through two other committees, the Appropriation Subcommittee on Education and Committee on Appropriations. In this process, the bill was further amended. The version that advanced to the floor would put Bright Futures into general appropriations. The bill passed in the Senate with two GOP senators, Keith Perry and Jennifer Bradley, voting against it.

The bill died in messages, not being considered in the House of Representatives.

## Controversy

The bill faced considerable backlash throughout its many forms. Several student accounts appeared on Instagram to try and organize against SB 86. A website was even created by some students, titled Save Bright Futures. Several parent groups also emerged on Facebook to organize and share resources. A Change.org petition was created, which received 138,557 signatures. Several other smaller ones emerged.

At the first committee hearing, nearly 70 students, parents, and teacher spoke. Among those that spoke were several student body presidents from the Florida Student Association, teachers from across Florida and concerned parents. While there was progress with the amendment.

Concerned people also spoke at the next committees, the Appropriations Subcommittee on Education and Committee on Appropriations. In early April, the Florida Student Association cosigned a letter condemning the intentions of the bill.

Across the process, small protests and awareness campaigns emerged across Florida and at universities in the state. In Gainesville, UF students created a mural to protest SB 86 on 34th Street whilst some parents protested. Others in Tampa held protests, especially students of USF.

## InfoBox

| Florida Senate Bill 86 (2021) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Florida State Legislature | |
| Full name | CS/CS/SB 86: Student Financial Aid |
| Introduced | February 23, 2021 |
| Senate voted | 22 Yeas – 18 Nays |
| Sponsor(s) | Dennis Baxley |
| Governor | Ron DeSantis |
| Website | https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2021/86 |
| Status: Not passed <br>(Died In Messages in Florida House) | |


title: Pauli Murray Family Home

abstract: The Pauli Murray Center for History and Social Justice is a community organization dedicated to preserving and propagating the legacy of Pauli Murray (1910–1985), a pioneering legal advocate of African-American civil rights in the 20th century. It is located at the former Pauli Murray Family Home at 906 Carroll Street in Durham, North Carolina, the house where Murray was raised. In 2015, the property was named a national treasure by the National Trust for Historic Preservation. The property was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2016.

text:
# Pauli Murray Family Home

The **Pauli Murray Center for History and Social Justice** is a community organization dedicated to preserving and propagating the legacy of Pauli Murray (1910–1985), a pioneering legal advocate of African-American civil rights in the 20th century.

It is located at the former **Pauli Murray Family Home** at 906 Carroll Street in Durham, North Carolina, the house where Murray was raised. In 2015, the property was named a national treasure by the National Trust for Historic Preservation. The property was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2016.

## Building

The Pauli Murray Center is located in Durham's West End, on a .27-acre plot of land on the west side of Carroll Street north of Morehead Avenue. The building, unlike its neighbors, is set back from the street, from which it is separated by a long lawn. It is a modest 1+12-story frame building and was more commonly referred to as "a story and a jump" due to the small, low-ceilinged second floor. It has a side gable roof and its exterior is clad in German siding. A gable rises above the front entrance, which is sheltered by a porch. The house is not architecturally distinguished.

### Building history

The maternal grandparents of Pauli Murray, Robert and Cornelia Fitzgerald, purchased the once-larger, one-acre parcel of land in 1898 for $200. The present house was built soon afterward. It is here that Murray was raised, by her grandparents and aunts, from the age of three after her mother died. Education was emphasized in this environment, and Murray went on to a long and varied career as a civil rights activist, legal theorist, writer, and Episcopalian priest. She was on the forefront of attempts to gain admission to racially segregated institutions of higher learning in the 1930s, and experimented with acts of civil disobedience against racial segregation in the American South that would become important elements of the successful civil rights movements of the 1950s and 1960s. She wrote legal treatises and court briefs that have shaped a generation of civil rights jurisprudence and legislation, and wrote a seminal work describing in detail the segregationist laws of each state. United States Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg explicitly credited Murray as a contributor to some of her legal briefs advancing the rights of women.

Murray described her memories of the house In her 1956 memoir, *Proud Shoes: The Story of An American Family*. She wrote that, after her grandfather Robert Fitzgerald was blinded during the Civil War, he supervised the building of the house by touch. "It was as if he had built himself into the structure, for it had his stubborn character," she wrote, adding that the house "was more than a home; it was a monument to Grandfather's courage and tenacity."

### Restoration

The restoration project began in July 2015, when the Pauli Murray Center for History and Social Justice received a $4,500 grant from the National Trust for Historic Preservation to produce a historic structure report on the Pauli Murray home. The project was directed by Barbara Lau of the Duke Human Rights Center at the Franklin Humanities Institute. The report was meant to inform rehabilitation plans and provide a framework for forming a historic center at the site. The report compiled previous research, produced new research, and included information from experts.

Later in 2015, after the report was published, Iron Mountain, an information management company, provided additional funding to the Pauli Murray Center for History and Social Justice. This money enabled the organization to start preserving the foundation of the home and making exterior renovations to reverse neglect, water damage, and partial demolition.

By 2016, the project was underway. Funds from Iron Mountain and The Marion Stedman Covington Foundation were used to restore the exterior of the house to its appearance in photos taken between 1898 and 1906. Missing features, such as doors, the front porch, and windows, have been replicated. The home was also jacked up six inches in the center, the foundation was replaced, and new piers were laid to replace the ones damaged due to runoff from the public cemetery nearby. The color of the exterior was also changed from white to a blue gray shade to match the home's look in 1910.

In 2017, the National Park Service awarded the Pauli Murray Center for Historical and Social Justice a $237,575 grant through its National Park Service African American Civil Rights Grant Program. The Pauli Murray Project has started to use this money to rehabilitate the interior of the home.

## Planned museum

The Pauli Murray Center for History and Social Justice plans for the restored house to operate as a museum set to open in 2020. This museum will serve as a community center for education, history, and social justice. However, due to limitations, such as the small size of the house and the fact that the Center only owns a single artifact—Pauli Murray's address book—the house will not be a traditional museum. Instead, it will make use of text panels and interactive exhibits to tell Murray's story. It will also host a variety of community programming.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Pauli Murray Family Home | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. National Historic Landmark | |
|  | |
| Front of the house | |
|  | |
| Location | 906 Carroll St., Durham, North Carolina |
| Coordinates | 35°59′34″N 78°54′57″W / 35.99278°N 78.91583°W / 35.99278; -78.91583 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1898 (1898) |
| NRHP reference No. | 100000866 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | December 23, 2016 |
| Designated NHL | December 23, 2016 |


title: Pauli Kettunen

abstract: Pauli Tapio Kettunen is a professor of Political History in the Social Science Faculty of University of Helsinki. He has mainly written on the history of the Cold War, Nordic welfare societies, labour movements, Conceptual history, and globalisation. Professor Kettunen was a board member of the Finnish Literature Society, the Finnish Historical Society, and is currently the editor of the series Studia Fennica Historica.

text:
# Pauli Kettunen

**Pauli Tapio Kettunen** (born 1953) is a professor of Political History in the Social Science Faculty of University of Helsinki. He has mainly written on the history of the Cold War, Nordic welfare societies, labour movements, Conceptual history, and globalisation. Professor Kettunen was a board member of the Finnish Literature Society, the Finnish Historical Society (chair 2001–2008), and is currently the editor of the series Studia Fennica Historica.

## Selected works

### Monographs

* 1994 - *Suojelu, suoritus, subjekti: Työsuojelu teollistuvan Suomen yhteiskunnallisissa ajattelu- ja toimintatavoissa* \[Protection, Performance, and Subject: Labour Protection and the Social Modes of Thought and Action in Finland, c. 1880-1950\]. Historiallisia Tutkimuksia 189. Suomen Historiallinen Seura, Helsinki.
* 1997 - *Työjärjestys. Tutkielmia työn ja tiedon poliittisesta historiasta* \[The order of work. Studies in the political history of work and knowledge\]. Tutkijaliitto, Helsinki.
* 2001 - *Kansallinen työ: Suomalaisen suorituskyvyn vaalimisesta* \[National work. Studies on efforts for Finnish performance capacity\]. Yliopistopaino, Helsinki.
* 2002 - *Från arbetarfrågan till personalpolitik* \[From labour question to human resource management\]. In Antti Kuusterä (ed.), *Ett storföretag och dess omvandling*. Parteks hundraåriga historia. Partek Oyj Abp, Helsinki. pp 265–384.
* 2008 - *Globalisaatio ja kansallinen me. Kansallisen katseen historiallinen kritiikki* \[Globalisation and the national "we". A historical critique of national gaze\]. Vastapaino, Tampere.

### Edited books

* Kettunen, P;Eskola, H. (eds.). *Models, Modernity and the Myrdals*. Renvall Institute Publications 8. (University of Helsinki 1997).
* Kettunen, P; et al. (eds). *Global Redefining of Working Life - A New Nordic Agenda for Competence and Participation?* Nord, 12, Nordic Council of Ministers (Copenhagen 1998)
* Aunesluoma, J; Kettunen, P. (eds). *The Cold War and the Politics of History*. (Edita, Helsinki 2008).

### Articles

* Kettunen, P. *Le modèle nordique et le consensus sur la compétitivité en Finlande* (2006), **Revue internationale de politique comparée**, 13:3. pp. 447–467.
* Kettunen, P. *Corporate citizenship and social partnership*. In Landgrén, L-F;Hautamäki, P. (eds). **People, Citizen, Nation**. (Renvall Institute, Helsinki 2005). pp 28–49.
* Kettunen, P. *The Nordic Welfare State in Finland*(2001), **Scandinavian Journal of History**, 26:3. pp 225–247.
* Kettunen, P. *Yhteiskunta - Society in Finnish* (2000), **Finnish Yearbook of Political Thought**, 4. pp 159–197.
* Kettunen, P. *A Return to the Figure of the Free Nordic Peasant*(1999), **Acta Sociologica**, 42:3. pp 259–269.
* Kettunen, P. *The Society of Virtuous Circles* (1997). In Kettunen, P; Eskola, H. (eds). **Models, Modernity and the Myrdals**. (See Above).
* Kettunen, P;Turunen, I. *The Middle Class, Knowledge and the Idea of the Third Factor* (1994), **Scandinavian Journal of History**, 1, pp 63–86.

* Faculty Homepage.


title: Florence Shahnameh

abstract: The Florence Shahnameh is the oldest surviving manuscript of the Shahnameh by Ferdowsi. It dates from 614 AH, 200 years after the final completion of the epic poem in 1010, and is unillustrated. It is a very important manuscript, because it contains old forms of many words. It was discovered in 1978 by Angelo Piemontese, the Italian scholar in the National Central Library of Florence. Prior to the discovery of this manuscript, a London manuscript was considered the oldest surviving manuscript. Djalal Khaleghi Motlagh used this manuscript in his edition of Shahnameh. Older editions of the Shahnameh like the Moscow Edition, did not use this manuscript, as it had not been discovered yet. The manuscript is incomplete, containing only half of the text.

text:
# Florence Shahnameh

The **Florence *Shahnameh*** is the oldest surviving manuscript of the *Shahnameh* by Ferdowsi. It dates from 614 AH (1217 CE, more than 800 years ago), 200 years after the final completion of the epic poem in 1010, and is unillustrated. It is a very important manuscript, because it contains old forms of many words. It was discovered in 1978 by Angelo Piemontese, the Italian scholar in the National Central Library of Florence. Prior to the discovery of this manuscript, a London manuscript was considered the oldest surviving manuscript (675 AH, 1276–1277 CE). Djalal Khaleghi Motlagh used this manuscript in his edition of *Shahnameh*. Older editions of the *Shahnameh* like the Moscow Edition, did not use this manuscript, as it had not been discovered yet. The manuscript is incomplete, containing only half of the text.


title: Fockea multiflora

abstract:
Fockea multiflora, or python vine, is a plant of the dogbane family, Apocynaceae, native to Tanzania, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Angola, Botswana, Namibia, including the Caprivi Strip,
and Malawi. It is a large semisucculent liana, growing to some 15m in length and up to 60 cm in diameter, found primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome.

text:
# Fockea multiflora

***Fockea multiflora***, or **python vine**, is a plant of the dogbane family, Apocynaceae, native to Tanzania, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Angola, Botswana, Namibia, including the Caprivi Strip, and Malawi. It is a large semisucculent liana, growing to some 15m in length and up to 60 cm in diameter, found primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome.

## Taxonomy

The genus *Fockea* comprises six species belonging to the Asclepiadoideae (milkweeds) subfamily of the Apocynaceae family. Massive specimens of *F. multiflora* are probably the largest known members of this subfamily.

All six *Fockea* species occur south of the equator in Africa, with *F. multiflora* the second most widely distributed, after *F. angustifolia*. Unlike the other five *Fockea* species, all of which are relatively small climbers with swollen, mostly subterranean tubers, *F. multiflora* is a massive, tropical liana without a tuber, It is considered a sister to the other five species.

## Description

*Fockea multiflora* is a large climber up to 15 m, with a thick, fleshy trunk up to 30 cm thick, swollen toward the base but lacking a distinct basal tuber. In mature plants the rootstock consists of a network of fleshy roots radiating from the base of the stem. By comparison, in the other five *Fockea* species, stems arise from a tuber that is much broader than the main stem. *F. multiflora* is rarely shrub-like; rather, its stems sprawl on the ground or twist around surrounding trees as massive lianas, appearing to strangle them, although there’s no evidence that the supporting trees are harmed. The stems produces a white, milky latex. Young stems are tomentose (covered with densely matted wooly hairs), later becoming covered with grey, shiny bark.

Leaves are opposite, broadly elliptic to ovate, large (100mm x 80mm), with grey-felted undersides, felty to smooth above. These leaves, as well as the fruits and seeds, are much larger than for other *Fockea* species.

Inflorescence is a many-flowered axillary cluster of as many as 30 flowers approximately 15mm in diameter, grayish-green on the outside and yellow-green to brown on the inside, with flowers opening simultaneously or in rapid succession. The fruits are smooth, paired and horn-shaped, 10–22 cm × 1.5–3 cm, dehiscing to release multiple winged seeds; seeds are ovate and flattened, 10 mm × 7–8 mm, shortly winged.

## Ecology

Growing in the altitude range of 600–1000 m, *Fockea multiflora* occurs on low hills or among rocks around the base of hills in dry, open, often deciduous woodland or scrub, especially mixed *Acacia*-*Commiphora*-*Balanites* or mopane woodland. It does not tend to occur in more mesic miombo woodland dominated by *Brachystegia*.

## InfoBox

| *Fockea multiflora* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Apocynaceae |
| Genus: | *Fockea* |
| Species: | ***F. multiflora*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Fockea multiflora***<br>K.Schum. 1893 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Fockea schinzii* N.E.Brown 1895 | |


title: Flight to Denmark

abstract: Flight to Denmark is an album led pianist Duke Jordan recorded in 1973 and released on the Danish SteepleChase label.

text:
# Flight to Denmark

***Flight to Denmark*** is an album led pianist Duke Jordan recorded in 1973 and released on the Danish SteepleChase label.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings* |  |

In his review for AllMusic, Michael G. Nastos said "This is Duke Jordan at his most magnificent, with the ever-able Vinding and expert Thigpen playing their professional roles perfectly, producing perhaps the second best effort (next to *Flight to Jordan* from 13 years hence) from the famed bop pianist".

## Track listing

*All compositions by Duke Jordan except as indicated*

1. "No Problem" – 6:41
2. "Here's That Rainy Day" (Jimmy Van Heusen, Johnny Burke) – 7:25
3. "Everything Happens To Me" (Matt Dennis, Tom Adair) – 5:34
4. "Glad I Met Pat" \[Take 3\] – 5:03 Bonus track on CD release
5. "Glad I Met Pat" \[Take 4\] – 5:22
6. "How Deep Is the Ocean?" (Irving Berlin) – 7:31
7. "On Green Dolphin Street" (Bronisław Kaper, Ned Washington) – 8:15
8. "If I Did - Would You?" \[Take 1\] – 3:41 Bonus track on CD release
9. "If I Did - Would You?" \[Take 2\] – 3:50
10. "Flight to Denmark" – 5:43
11. "No Problem" – 7:09 Bonus track on CD release
12. "Jordu" – 4:54 Bonus track on CD release

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Flight to Denmark | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Duke Jordan | |
| Released | 1974 |
| Recorded | November 25 & December 2, 1973 |
| Studio | Sound Track studio in Copenhagen, Denmark |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 67:31 CD with bonus tracks |
| Label | SteepleChase SCS 1011 |
| Producer | Nils Winther |
| Duke Jordan chronology | |
| *The Murray Hill Caper*
(1973) ***Flight to Denmark***
(1974) *Two Loves*
(1974) | |


title: Flight to Atlantica

abstract: "Flight to Atlantica" is the 20th episode of Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons, a British Supermarionation television series created by Gerry and Sylvia Anderson and filmed by their production company Century 21 Productions. Written by Tony Barwick and directed by Leo Eaton, it was first broadcast on 24 March 1968 on ATV London. Set in 2068, the series depicts a "war of nerves" between Earth and the Mysterons: a hostile race of Martians with the power to create functioning copies of destroyed people or objects and use them to carry out acts of aggression against humanity. Earth is defended by a military organisation called Spectrum, whose top agent, Captain Scarlet, was murdered by the Mysterons and replaced by a reconstruction that later broke free of their control. Scarlet's double has a self-healing power that enables him to recover from injuries that would be fatal to anyone else, making him Spectrum's best asset in its fight against the Mysterons. In "Flight to Atlantica", the personnel of Spectrum Cloudbase take leave of their senses after drinking champagne that has been drugged by the Mysterons. While flying a military bomber in this intoxicated state, Captains Blue and Ochre launch an attack on the World Navy base Atlantica.

text:
# Flight to Atlantica

"**Flight to Atlantica**" is the 20th episode of *Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons*, a British Supermarionation television series created by Gerry and Sylvia Anderson and filmed by their production company Century 21 Productions. Written by Tony Barwick and directed by Leo Eaton, it was first broadcast on 24 March 1968 on ATV London.

Set in 2068, the series depicts a "war of nerves" between Earth and the Mysterons: a hostile race of Martians with the power to create functioning copies of destroyed people or objects and use them to carry out acts of aggression against humanity. Earth is defended by a military organisation called Spectrum, whose top agent, Captain Scarlet, was murdered by the Mysterons and replaced by a reconstruction that later broke free of their control. Scarlet's double has a self-healing power that enables him to recover from injuries that would be fatal to anyone else, making him Spectrum's best asset in its fight against the Mysterons.

In "Flight to Atlantica", the personnel of Spectrum Cloudbase take leave of their senses after drinking champagne that has been drugged by the Mysterons. While flying a military bomber in this intoxicated state, Captains Blue and Ochre launch an attack on the World Navy base Atlantica.

## Plot

On 7 July, Captain Scarlet holds an unauthorised champagne party on Cloudbase to mark the first anniversary of the founding of Spectrum. The gathering is broken up by Colonel White, who reprimands the personnel for their indiscipline.

Transmitting to Earth, the Mysterons vow to destroy the undersea World Navy base Atlantica. In view of this threat, Spectrum take over an operation to bomb and disperse a wreck that is drifting towards the base. Captains Blue and Ochre are selected to carry out the mission and briefed at Maxwell Field, where they conduct themselves with uncharacteristic flippancy and absent-mindedness. Before taking off in their V17 bomber, they encounter a man whom they fail to recognise as Captain Black, who switches their flight plan.

Meanwhile, on Cloudbase, everyone except White and Scarlet falls into a trance-like state. White and Scarlet realise that the champagne consumed at the party is to blame and that they are both unaffected because neither of them drank any (White did not attend and Blue accidentally knocked over Scarlet's glass). They discover that the Mysterons have used their powers to spike the champagne with a pest control chemical that is known to cause amnesia and reckless behaviour.

Not realising the consequences of their new flight plan, the intoxicated Blue and Ochre take the V17 into Atlantica's airspace and bomb the base's defence control tower. Alerted by Maxwell Field, White and Scarlet intercept Blue and Ochre in a Spectrum Passenger Jet and fire an air-to-air missile at the V17, crippling the aircraft just before Blue and Ochre can bomb Atlantica itself. Blue finally comes to his senses and ejects himself and Ochre moments before the V17 crashes into the ocean and explodes on the seabed.

Despite the Mysterons' partial success, the Cloudbase personnel have cause for celebration on 10 July, for this is Spectrum's true anniversary: although its charter was drawn up on 7 July the previous year, the organisation was not officially created until the World President signed the document three days later. To mark the occasion, White arranges a second, fully sanctioned party with several more bottles of champagne – which, to Scarlet's delight, have his codename emblazoned on the label.

## Regular voice cast

## Production

"Flight to Atlantica" is one of two *Captain Scarlet* episodes (the other being "Attack on Cloudbase") to feature all of the regular puppet characters, although not all of them have speaking parts. It is also one of several scripts by Tony Barwick to include a mention of 10 July – a date that Barwick liked to reference in his work, since that was his birthday.

The V17 scale model was a re-use of the RTL Transporter from the *Thunderbirds* episode "The Cham-Cham". While flying the V17, Blue and Ochre listen to a radio broadcast of "Dangerous Game", an instrumental composed for the same episode.

The outside of Maxwell Field Air Base is a reuse of the command building at Glenn Field from *Thunderbirds Are Go*.

## Reception

Geoff Willmetts of the website Sfcrowsnest regards "Flight to Atlantica" as ("story-wise") one of the best episodes of the series, arguing that it "would work in any medium". He adds that it marks "one of the rare times when the Spectrum captains are less than formal, with elements of arrogance and slaphappy showing how well disciplined they normally are."

Shane M. Dallmann of *Video Watchdog* magazine describes the episode as "amusing" and adds that it contains "plenty of character-breaking moments". He expresses surprise that Scarlet is "treated as a hero" in the final scene given that it was he who organised the unauthorised champagne party (an "unbelievably bone-headed blunder" on his part) and could therefore be considered indirectly responsible for the near-total destruction of Atlantica.

Noting its "offbeat" tone and praising its humour, writer Fred McNamara comments that the episode "rarely outstays its welcome" and sums it up as a "valiantly joyful excursion into unforeseen territory" for the series. He describes the party scenes at the beginning as a "charming dollop of character-focused exposition" and calls the "subversion" of Blue and Ochre's characters a "joy to behold", but considers the scenes of Scarlet and White's investigative work less interesting.

## InfoBox

| "**Flight to Atlantica**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons* episode | |
| Episode no. | Episode 20 |
| Directed by | Leo Eaton |
| Written by | Tony Barwick |
| Cinematography by | Ted Catford |
| Editing by | Harry MacDonald |
| Production code | SCA 28 |
| Original air date | 24 March 1968 (1968-03-24) |
| Guest character voices | |
|  | |
|
|