title: Goffal

abstract: Goffals or Coloured Zimbabweans are persons of mixed race, predominately those claiming both European and African descent, in Malawi, Zambia, and, particularly Zimbabwe. They are generally known as Coloureds, though the term Goffal is used by some in the Coloured community to refer to themselves, though this does not refer to the mixed-race community in nearby South Africa. The community includes many diverse constituents of Shona, Northern Ndebele, Bemba, Fengu, British, Afrikaner, Cape Coloured, Cape Malay and less commonly Portuguese, Greek, Goan, and Indian descent. Similar mixed-race communities exist throughout Southern Africa, notably the Cape Coloureds of South Africa. It is not clear when the term Goffal first entered common usage, but among Coloureds themselves it had surfaced by the mid- to late 1970s. Their precise numbers are difficult to ascertain, due to the fact that some identify exclusively as members of other ethnic groups.

text:
# Goffal

**Goffals** or **Coloured Zimbabweans** are persons of mixed race, predominately those claiming both European and African descent, in Malawi, Zambia, and, particularly Zimbabwe. They are generally known as Coloureds, though the term *Goffal* is used by some in the Coloured community to refer to themselves, though this does not refer to the mixed-race community in nearby South Africa. The community includes many diverse constituents of Shona, Northern Ndebele, Bemba, Fengu, British, Afrikaner, Cape Coloured, Cape Malay and less commonly Portuguese, Greek, Goan, and Indian descent. Similar mixed-race communities exist throughout Southern Africa, notably the Cape Coloureds of South Africa.

It is not clear when the term *Goffal* first entered common usage, but among Coloureds themselves it had surfaced by the mid- to late 1970s. Their precise numbers are difficult to ascertain, due to the fact that some identify exclusively as members of other ethnic groups.

## History

### Zimbabwe

The earliest Coloured communities in central Africa were formed in Southern Rhodesia (present-day Zimbabwe), mainly by those who had emigrated as servants of Afrikaners and other white South African settlers from the Cape of Good Hope. Coloured immigration from South Africa spiked following a depression after the Second Boer War and continuing throughout much of the early twentieth century. By the 1930s most local Coloureds had been born in Southern Rhodesia as offspring of British administrators and colonists and local women. The Coloured populace increased to about 24,000 through intermarriage, and by 1969 about 91% were considered Rhodesian citizens, a smaller number being Zambians, Malawians, and South Africans. During World War II, Coloureds served with distinction alongside Southern Rhodesian units during the East African Campaign. One notable case of inter-racial marriage in Southern Rhodesia which received attention from *Time Magazine* in 1958 was that of Patrick Matimba, a black storekeeper who was able to live with his white wife and their racially mixed daughter by having status as his wife's servant.

Southern Rhodesia, which had unilaterally declared independence as Rhodesia in 1965, classified Coloureds as persons of mixed ancestry who did not follow a traditional African way of life and whose culture was European in origin and form. Coloureds who lived with black African families were notably excluded, as were those who physically passed for Europeans and Asians, respectively. However, despite the noticeable presence of racial segregation in Southern Rhodesia, it was not as severe as it was under the apartheid regime of South Africa. Coloured Rhodesians were heavily urbanised, and the colonial government permitted them to live in segregated neighbourhoods reserved for Europeans. In 1969 the largest proportion of working Colouredsabout 30% were employed by the Rhodesian manufacturing sector, the remainder being tradesmen or engaged in service delivery.

At the outbreak of the Rhodesian Bush War, conscription was enforced for all male Coloureds of military age, who were expected to contribute four to five months of service to the Rhodesian Security Forces. In 1966, the Ministry of Defence gave notice that it would henceforth extend conscription to all foreigners with residency status, making Coloureds of South African or other nationalities in Rhodesia also liable for military service. Most Coloured recruits were assigned to the Reinforcement Holding Unit (RHU), which was primarily concerned with transport and logistics. They were also tasked with providing convoy security and guarding installations targeted for sabotage by insurgents. In 1978 the RHU was reorganised into the Rhodesian Defence Regiment. As the war intensified, Coloured personnel deployed to operational areas successfully petitioned to receive the same pay as white soldiers.

When Rhodesia was reconstituted as the new Republic of Zimbabwe in 1980, accompanied by the electoral triumph of leading black nationalist Robert Mugabe and his Zimbabwe African National Union, Coloureds numbered about 20,000. Mugabe won the country's first general elections held under a universal franchise, despite facing militant opposition from Joshua Nkomo's Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) and a number of minority parties. All Coloureds registered in the Rhodesian electoral system prior to December 31, 1979 were permitted to vote, and those that did so overwhelmingly endorsed the Rhodesian Front. As a conciliatory gesture Mugabe later nominated a leading member of the Coloured community, Joseph Culverwell, to the Senate, the upper house of the Parliament of Zimbabwe. Nevertheless, ZANU's ascension was greeted with caution. During the bush war, black nationalists frequently decried Coloureds as having benefited unjustly from the colonial racial hierarchy, and those who attempted to join ZANU and ZAPU's guerrilla armies were often detained or executed as spies. Less educated, blue collar Coloured workers were also concerned they would face job displacement from an advancing black workforce once they lost the advantage of preferential employment by white supervisors. Others seemed convinced only blacks would benefit economically under Mugabe's rule, at the expense of themselves and other ethnic minorities. For their part, community activists were disappointed they weren't invited to participate at the Lancaster House talks on behalf of their people, and felt this demonstrated both white and black Zimbabweans were uninterested in Coloureds' future political and social welfare.

Since the 1980s, Coloured Zimbabweans have complained of being increasingly disenfranchised, and being projected as foreigners with limited rights. A Coloured lobby group, the National Association for the Advancement of Mixed Race Coloureds (NAAC), was formed in 2001 to protest against what they perceived as severe discrimination against their community by the state. The NAAC has issued a statement claiming that "Coloured people are visibly and verbally treated with disdain contemptuously dismissed with xenophobic comments" urging them to "go back to Britain". NAAC activists have also highlighted the removal of Coloureds from important positions in the public service, usually following complaints by ruling party officials, and the government's steadfast refusal to grant loans to Coloured entrepreneurs. At the height of President Mugabe's land reform programme, Zimbabwean Minister of Education, Sports, and Culture Aeneas Chigwedere demanded that Coloureds be excluded from the redistribution process on racial grounds, insisting that "if we give them land it will be giving it back to the white man".

### Zambia

Unlike Southern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia (present-day Zambia), a British possession which remained governed directly by the Colonial Office, considered "Coloured" to be a strictly South African racial distinction, and evoked the term only when referring to immigrants of mixed race from South Africa accordingly. This resulted in considerable ambivalence towards local Coloureds born in Northern Rhodesia, whom colonial officials described with a menagerie of labels as varied as "half-castes", "Anglo-Africans", "Indo-Africans", and "Eurafricans". Northern Rhodesian Coloureds often bore distinguished British surnames, having descended from some of the colony's earliest pioneers, administrators, and officials. Nevertheless, beginning in the 1920s such individuals posed a particular classification problem for the Colonial Office, which remained frustrated by the fact it could classify Coloureds neither as European nor African. The British paternity of mixed children was an especially contentious issue, allowing Coloureds to petition for recognition as British subjects, entitled to British passports. Their requests were ignored by the Colonial Office, which regarded them only as *protected* subjects, a status otherwise reserved for black Africans.

The question of Coloureds' legitimacy and status hinged on the legality of marriage between their European and African parents. Under the Northern Rhodesian Immorality Suppression Ordinance, it was a criminal offence for a white woman to marry or cohabit with a black man. Marriages between white men and black women, although not expressly forbidden, were likewise unrecognised by the state. As marriages of this nature were not recognised as marriage under law, the Welfare Department was empowered to seize any first-generation mixed race children resulting from such unions as "orphans".

Since Coloureds lacked segregated schools of their own, and Northern Rhodesian authorities forbade children of other races from attending the same educational institutions as Europeans, most Coloureds studied at Roman Catholic missions in Southern Rhodesia. Their exclusion from schools severely limited Coloured economic and social prospects. In 1927, the missions criticised Northern Rhodesia's practice of building schools specifically for white and black pupils while failing to provide similar facilities for Coloureds. It was proposed that the administration erect Coloured schools or at least furbish the funds for their independent construction. This scheme was approved by the Northern Rhodesian Native Education Advisory Board but rejected by Governor James Crawford Maxwell. Maxwell regarded the label "Coloured" as a purely artificial distinction, and did not believe they constituted a separate race from Europeans or Africans. He insisted that the construction of Coloured schools equated to official recognition of an ethnic group that did not exist. Maxwell's habit of arguing that Coloureds should identify either as Europeans or Africans, rather than a distinct mixed race population, became policy in Northern Rhodesia for the next three decades. Coloureds who physically resembled Europeans and lived like Europeans were treated as such, while those who lived as Africans or with black families were classified as native. In this regard Northern Rhodesia represented a marked departure from South Africa, where racial legislation strictly defined the rights and status of individuals from birth. Some Coloureds became integrated with African society; others joined white social clubs, received managerial jobs reserved for whites, and lived in affluent white neighbourhoods.

In 1952, the Coloured community petitioned Henry Hopkinson, the United Kingdom's newly appointed Minister of State for the Colonies, for recognition as British subjects. The Coloureds argued that the British Nationality Act 1948 had reaffirmed their status as *protected* subjects instead, and expressed disappointment that unlike white Rhodesians they could only obtain British subject status through naturalisation. Their grievances were discussed in the Colonial Office, which responded that if a marriage between a male British subject and an African woman was properly documented, any children should be allowed to take up their father's nationality. The Colonial Office also observed through its inquiries that Coloured housing in Northern Rhodesia was almost nonexistent and ordered the administration to see the issue resolved. Their request resulted in the establishment of "Coloured Quarters", residential areas in all major towns built specifically for Coloured people, often situated near the railway lines. The Coloured Quarters included segregated schools and social clubs. Most of their residents were employed by the Public Works Department and Rhodesia Railways, which also offered economic housing.

When Northern Rhodesia became a constituent territory of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, most Coloureds failed to qualify for citizenship under federal law, which stipulated all citizens must also be British subjects. The new electoral roll established that voters had to possess a secondary education and earn an income of at least £720 a year. While a percentage of Southern Rhodesian Coloureds could meet these standards, owing to their longstanding educational disadvantages and the lack of schools few Coloureds in Northern Rhodesia had received anything more than the most basic primary education. This, in turn, restricted their avenues of employment: the average monthly income for Coloured men in Lusaka was between £15 and £25 a month.

Following the dissolution of the federation and Zambian independence in 1964, many Coloured parents began sending their children abroad to avoid military conscription into the Zambian Defence Force. The British Nationality Act 1981 aroused considerable interest among Zambia's Coloured population, since it revoked a legitimacy clause from the 1948 legislation wherein only children born to legitimate marriages of their British fathers were considered British subjects. As mixed race marriages were not recognised as legitimate under Northern Rhodesian law, this excluded Coloureds. Under the statutes of the new British Nationality Act, any Zambians able to prove beyond reasonable doubt they were consanguineous descendants of a specific British citizen could apply for right of abode in the United Kingdom, irrespective of their ancestor's marital status. During the 1980s and 1990s, roughly half of Zambia's Coloured population immigrated to the United Kingdom.

In 1980 there were 6,000 Coloureds remaining in Zambia, nearly all of them concentrated in major urban districts.

### Malawi

From its inception the British protectorate of Nyasaland (present-day Malawi) included a burgeoning mixed race population of Asian, rather than European, and African descent. An exodus of migrant workers from the Indian subcontinent to various British dependencies across sub-Saharan Africa formed an integral part of colonial migration patterns during the early twentieth century; the Indians came to earn modest incomes which in turn supported their extended families back home. Most Indian business owners were bachelors or married men who immigrated without their wives; a number cohabited with African women accordingly. Children from these relationships were usually raised by the mother, and embraced African culture and lifestyles as their own. They were regarded with disdain by the comparatively few individuals of mixed European and African ancestry, who came to reject use of the general label "Coloured" to avoid association with the descendants of Asians. Calling themselves "Anglo-Africans", they formed the Nyasland Anglo-African Association to lobby for formal recognition. This situation gave rise to a crisis and conflict of identity over the legal definition of Coloured, a matter affecting even the Nyasaland courts.

From 1907 to 1929, Coloureds of both Indian and European parentage were accorded the same status as black Africans under the Nyasaland Interpretation Ordinance, which classified them as "natives". Educated Coloureds protested this policy, and successfully lobbied to have it challenged before the colonial judiciary. A Nyasaland judge determined that "half-castes" did not meet the legal definition of "native", although he refrained from ruling on whether their newly altered status made them British subjects. The ruling incited considerable debate about the social, legal, and political standing of mixed-descent Africans in other British colonies. The Anglo-African Association seized this opportunity to demand they be taxed as Europeans, and exempted from what they perceived as a degrading "hut tax" levied on black residents of indigenous settlements. As a result of their lobbying, Coloureds were exempted from the hut tax; ironically, however, the government failed to clarify whether this entailed also subjecting Coloureds to the same taxes as the white populationa bureaucratic oversight that resulted in the entire community paying *no* tax by the early 1930s.

In 1931, a Coloured man provoked a storm of controversy when he attempted to lease 200 acres in a Native Trust Area, the communal lands reserved for African farming and use. Since the courts had previously ruled Coloureds were not natives, this accelerated local discussion over the legal definition of Coloured. Deferring to the precedent set by Northern Rhodesia, the Nyasaland Attorney-General designated a Coloured person as "any person of mixed European or Asiatic and native descent, who does not live after the manner of members of the aboriginal tribes or races of Africa".

The initial success of the Anglo-African Association encouraged the formation of the mutually exclusive Nyasaland Indo-African Association, and further deepened rivalries between the two components of the Coloured population. The Indo-African Association was largely succeeded by the theoretically integrated Nyasaland Coloured Community Welfare Association, established in 1954 to present a united front for coordinated Coloured education demands. Nevertheless, the Anglo-African Association's influence remained strong, and during the inception of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland they persuaded the Federal Ministry of Education to differentiate between separate "Coloured" and "Eurafrican" agendas.

As the dissolution of the federation became apparent and independence approached for Malawi, Coloureds began to face severe job discrimination in the public sector due to an unwritten British policy which reserved civil service jobs solely for whites on short-term contracts until such a date that black Malawians could succeed them.

The Malawian government eliminated all recognition of "Coloured" as a separate ethnicity following independence.

## Demographics

In 1973, 83.2% of all Coloureds in Rhodesia lived in a major urban population centres, the largest number being concentrated in Bulawayo (6,630 Coloured residents) and Salisbury (6,030 Coloured residents). Only about 2,290 resided in rural areas, mostly on farms. The Rhodesian government reported that the Coloured population had an extremely high rate of natural increase of 4.9% per year. The corresponding infant mortality rate was 38 infant deaths per 1,000 live births.

According to the Zimbabwean census of 2012, the largest proportion of Coloured Zimbabweans (8,745 people) fell into the 18 to 49 age bracket. There were 5,375 individuals under 14, 2,469 aged 50 to 64, and 1,300 over 64. Slightly over 88% of Coloureds lived in a major urban population centre, although the size of the rural Coloured community remained identical to that in 1973, about 2,261 persons. Coloureds made up 0.4% of Zimbabwe's urban population and 0.1% of its total population.

The Zambian census of 1980 found that the 6,000 Coloureds were mostly located in urban areas, at which time they constituted 0.1% of Zambia's total population. Malawi has not published demographic information on Coloureds since independence.

## Society

Coloured societies in Zambia, Zimbabwe and the African diaspora abroad are rather close-knit, linked by intermarriage and a large web of familial connections dating back to their earliest European and Asian ancestors. Many Coloureds remaining in Zambia have documented their bloodline well and can recall the original progenitors of their family and name.

The internal ranking stratum among Coloureds is complex. During the colonial era, they identified first and foremost with the non-African component in their ancestry, and within equal socio-economic circles social prestige was dependent upon one's progenitors. For instance, Afrikaans-speaking Coloureds descended from South African immigrants typically formed the Coloured elite in Zimbabwe; they were followed in descending order on the social scale by Coloureds with one white and one Coloured parent, those with two Coloured parents, those with one white and one black parent, and the so-called "Indo-African" Coloureds with an Asian ancestor or parent. Marriages between Coloureds and black Africans were generally stigmatised, before independence in 1980, as the former preferred to select partners with visible white characteristics, though this is no longer the case today.

Coloureds of British descent from Zambia and Malawi retain strong emotional ties to the United Kingdom. When India's independence movement began gaining momentum in the late 1940s, Coloured schools in central Africa rejected Indian instructors, emphasising that "love and patriotism to the British nation" were an integral part of their curricula. Since the decolonisation of the African continent, it has been a longstanding tradition for Coloured parents to send their children to the United Kingdom for schooling. Others are sent to work there after completing their schooling locally.

Coloured Zimbabweans have traditionally been Roman Catholic, although a sizeable minority also belongs to the Anglican Church.

## Goffal Slang

Goffal Dictionary


title: Aadhiya system

abstract: The aadhiya system, also sometimes spelled as adhiya, is a system, most prevalent in north-eastern, northern Bengali speaking parts of India, where a sex worker is rented a room or apartment by a mashi or brothel keeper, usually an older retired sex worker, who charges the worker rent for the room based on her total earnings rather than at a fixed rate, so that the mashi gets a share of the worker's earnings.

text:
# Aadhiya system

The **aadhiya system**, also sometimes spelled as *adhiya*, is a system, most prevalent in north-eastern, northern Bengali speaking parts of India (as the word is Bengali), where a sex worker is rented a room or apartment by a *mashi* or brothel keeper, usually an older retired sex worker, who charges the worker rent for the room based on her total earnings rather than at a fixed rate, so that the mashi gets a share of the worker's earnings.

## Further reading

* Godwin, John (2012). *Sex Work and the Law in Asia and the Pacific* (PDF). ISBN 978-974-680-343-4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 17 December 2015  via UNDP.
* Martinez Cantera, Angel L. (12 January 2014). "India trying to combat sex trade". *Al Jazeera*.
* Tamang, Anand (October 2005). *A Study of Trafficked Nepalese Girls and Women in Mumbai and Kolkata, India* (PDF). Terre des hommes Foundation. ISBN 99946-56-67-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 December 2015.


# Green Party of Canada candidates in the 2011 Canadian federal election

This is a list of candidates for the Green Party of Canada in the 2011 federal election. Green Party candidates were present in 304 of the 308 total ridings, with only the ridings of Hamilton Centre, Etobicoke North, Willowdale, and Acadie-Bathurst left absent of Green Party candidates.

## Newfoundland and Labrador \- 7 seats

| Riding
 | Candidate's Name | Gender | Residence | Occupation | Votes | % | Rank | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Avalon | Matthew Crowder | M |  |  | 215 |  |  |  |
| Bonavista—Gander—Grand Falls—Windsor | Robyn Kenny |  |  |  | 279 |  |  |  |
| Humber—St. Barbe—Baie Verte | Robin Gosse | M | Corner Brook | Student | 253 |  |  |  |
| Labrador | George Barrett |  |  |  | 139 |  |  |  |
| Random—Burin—St. George's | Tanya Gutmanis | F |  |  | 307 |  |  |  |
| St. John's East | Robert Miller | M |  | Internet Professional | 467 |  |  |  |
| St. John's South—Mount Pearl | Rick Austin | M | Paradise | Graphic Designer | 291 |  |  |  |

## Prince Edward Island \- 4 seats

| Riding | Candidate | Gender | Residence | Occupation | Votes | % | Rank | Biographical notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Cardigan | Leslie Stewart | F |  |  | 373 |  |  |  |
| Charlottetown | Eliza Knockwood | F |  |  | 417 |  |  |  |
| Egmont | Carl Arnold | M | Summerside | Junior High School Teacher | 320 |  |  |  |
| Malpeque | Peter Bevan-Baker | M | Hampton | Dentist | 785 |  |  | 2008 Candidate for Malpeque, 1993/1997 candidate in Leeds—Grenville |

## Nova Scotia \- 11 seats

| Riding | Candidate's Name | Gender | Residence | Occupation | Votes | % | Rank | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Cape Breton—Canso | Glen Carabin | M | Dominion | Freelance writer | 1,141 |  |  |  |
| Central Nova | Matthew Chisholm | M | Antigonish | Community Sustainability Organizer | 1,406 |  |  |  |
| Cumberland—Colchester—Musquodoboit Valley | Jason Blanch | M | Amherst | Addiction counselor | 2,109 |  |  |  |
| Dartmouth—Cole Harbour | Paul Shreenan | M | Dartmouth | Metro Transit worker | 1,662 |  |  |  |
| Halifax | Michael Dewar | M | Halifax | Co-Chair of the Young Greens of Canada | 2,020 |  |  |  |
| Halifax West | Thomas Trappenberg | M | Clayton Park | University professor | 1,931 |  |  |  |
| Kings—Hants | Sheila Richardson | F | Wolfville | Business owner | 1,520 |  |  |  |
| Sackville—Eastern Shore | John Percy | M |  |  | 1,762 |  |  |  |
| South Shore—St. Margaret's | Kris MacLellan | M |  |  | 1,579 |  |  |  |
| Sydney—Victoria | Chris Milburn | M |  |  | 1,191 |  |  |  |
| West Nova | Ross Johnson | M | Saulnierville | Home inspector | 1,487 |  |  |  |

## New Brunswick \- 10 seats

| Riding | Candidate's Name | Gender | Residence | Occupation | Votes | % | Rank | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Acadie—Bathurst |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Beauséjour | Natalie Arsenault | F |  |  | 1,913 |  |  |  |
| Fredericton | Louise Comeau | F |  |  | 1,790 |  |  |  |
| Fundy Royal | Stephanie Coburn | F | Sussex |  | 1,757 |  |  |  |
| Madawaska—Restigouche | Lynn Hemson-Morrison | F |  |  | 612 |  |  |  |
| Miramichi | Ron Mazerolle | M |  |  | 735 |  |  |  |
| Moncton—Riverview—Dieppe | Steven Steeves | M |  |  | 2,016 |  |  |  |
| New Brunswick Southwest | Janice Harvey | F | Waweig |  | 1,646 |  |  |  |
| Saint John | Sharon Murphy-Flatt | F |  |  | 1,017 |  |  |  |
| Tobique—Mactaquac | Rish McGlynn | F |  |  | 831 |  |  |  |

## Quebec \- 75 seats

| Riding
 | Candidate's Name | Gender | Residence | Occupation | Votes | % | Rank | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou | Johnny Kasudluak | M |  |  | 1,221 |  |  |  |
| Abitibi—Témiscamingue | Patrick Rochon | M |  |  | 694 |  |  |  |
| Ahuntsic | Theodore Kouretas | M |  |  | 620 |  |  |  |
| Alfred-Pellan | Dylan Perceval-Maxwell | M |  |  | 798 |  |  |  |
| Argenteuil—Papineau—Mirabel | Stephen Matthews | M |  |  | 1,506 |  |  |  |
| Bas-Richelieu—Nicolet—Bécancour | Anne-Marie Tanguay | F |  | organic farmer | 1,479 | 2.97 | 5th | Tanguay has a degree in bio-agricultural sciences from the Université Laval, has worked as an agronomist, and as of 2011 was co-owner of an organic farm in Bécancour. |
| Beauce | Etienne Doyon Lessard |  |  |  | 852 |  |  |  |
| Beauharnois—Salaberry | Rémi Pelletier |  |  |  | 1,003 |  |  |  |
| Beauport—Limoilou | Louise Courville | F |  |  | 950 |  |  |  |
| Berthier—Maskinongé | Léonie Matteau |  |  |  | 1,193 |  |  |  |
| Bourassa | Tiziana Centazzo |  |  |  | 613 |  |  |  |
| Brome—Missisquoi | Benoit Lambert | M |  |  | 1,120 |  |  |  |
| Brossard—La Prairie | Kevin Murphy | M |  |  | 900 |  |  |  |
| Chambly—Borduas | Nicholas Lescarbeau | M |  |  | 1,072 |  |  |  |
| Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles | Simon Verret | M |  |  | 832 |  |  |  |
| Châteauguay—Saint-Constant | Clara Kwan | F |  |  | 923 |  |  |  |
| Chicoutimi—Le Fjord | Charles-Olivier Bolduc-Tremblay | M |  |  | 780 |  |  |  |
| Compton—Stanstead | Gary Caldwell | M |  |  | 1,241 |  |  |  |
| Drummond | Robin Fortin | F |  |  | 987 |  |  |  |
| Gaspésie—Îles-de-la-Madeleine | Julien Leblanc | M |  |  | 913 |  |  |  |
| Gatineau | Jonathan Meijer | M | Gatineau | Computer Engineer | 639 |  |  |  |
| Haute-Gaspésie—La Mitis—Matane—Matapédia | Louis Drainville | M | Saint-Joseph-de-Lepage | Veterinary technician, biologist and agronomist | 707 |  |  |  |
| Hochelaga | Yaneisy Delgado-Dihigo | F |  |  | 798 |  |  |  |
| Honoré-Mercier | Gaetan Bérard | M | Montreal | Administrator | 775 |  |  | 2008 Candidate in this riding |
| Hull—Aylmer | Roger Fleury | M | Gatineau | Retired Teacher | 1,125 |  |  |  |
| Jeanne-Le Ber | Richard Noël | M | Montreal (Verdun) | Information security specialist | 1,377 |  |  |  |
| Joliette | Annie Durette | F | Sainte-Mélanie | Artist | 2,227 |  |  | 2008 candidate in this riding. |
| Jonquière—Alma | France Bergeron | F |  |  | 652 |  |  |  |
| Lac-Saint-Louis | Bruno Tremblay | M | Pointe-Claire |  | 2,315 |  |  |  |
| La Pointe-de-l'Île | David J. Cox | M |  |  | 898 |  |  |  |
| LaSalle—Émard | Lorraine Banville | F |  |  | 946 |  |  |  |
| Laurentides—Labelle | François Beauchamp | M |  |  | 1,423 |  |  |  |
| Laurier—Sainte-Marie | Olivier Adam | M | Montreal | Multimedia Producer | 1,324 |  |  | Two-time Green Candidate in Chambly—Borduas (2006 and 2008 |
| Laval | Jocelyne Leduc | F |  |  | 1,260 |  |  |  |
| Laval—Les Îles | Brent Neil | M | Pointe-Claire | Fish room staff | 966 |  |  | 2008 candidate in this riding |
| Lévis—Bellechasse | Sacha Dougé | F |  |  | 903 |  |  |  |
| Longueuil—Pierre-Boucher | Valerie St-Amant | F |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Lotbinière—Chutes-de-la-Chaudière | Richard Domm | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Louis-Hébert | Michelle Fontaine |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Louis-Saint-Laurent | Jean Cloutier | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Manicouagan | Jacques Gélineau | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Marc-Aurèle-Fortin | Charles Sicotte | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Mégantic—L'Érable | Wyatt Tessari |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Montcalm | Marianne Girard | F |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Montmagny—L'Islet—Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup | Lynette Tremblay |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Montmorency—Charlevoix—Haute-Côte-Nord | François Bédard |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Mount Royal | Brian Sarwer-Foner | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Lachine | Jessica Gal | F |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Outremont | François Pilon | M |  | Entrepreneur | 838 | 2.16 | 5th | Pilon was born in 1956 in Montreal. In 1999, the *Montreal Gazette* wrote a profile piece on his business as a clothesline installer. He has been a Green Party candidate in Outremont in four federal elections: in 2006, in a 2007 by-election won by Thomas Mulcair, in 2008, and in 2011. During the 2008 election, he appeared on the ballot as "F. Monsieur Corde à Linge Pilon" (which translates as "F. Mr. Clothesline Pilon"). He is not to be confused with a different François Pilon who was elected as a New Democratic Party Member of Parliament in 2011. |
| Papineau | Danny Polifroni | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Pierrefonds—Dollard | Jonathan Lumer | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Pontiac | Louis-Phillippe Mayrand | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier | Claudine Delorme | F |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Québec | Yvan Dutil |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Repentigny | Michel Duchaine | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Richmond—Arthabaska | Tomy Bombardier | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Rimouski-Neigette—Témiscouata—Les Basques | Clément Pelletier | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Rivière-des-Mille-Îles | Gilles Bisson | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Rivière-du-Nord | Rene Piché | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Roberval—Lac-Saint-Jean | Steeve Simard |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie | Sameer Muldeen | M |  | Administrator | 899 | 1.67 | 5th | Muldeen later ran as a Green Party of Quebec candidate in the 2012 Quebec provincial election. |
| Saint-Bruno—Saint-Hubert | Germain Denoncourt | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot | Johany Beaudoin-Bussières | F |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Saint-Jean | Pierre Tremblay | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Saint-Lambert | Carmen Budilean | F |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Saint-Laurent—Cartierville | Tim Landry | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel | Anna Valdes Di Salvo | F |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Saint-Maurice—Champlain | Pierre Cayou Audette | M | Clova | Electrician |  |  |  | Perennial Federal Candidate: (Marijuana Party candidate for Argenteuil—Papineau—Mirabel in 2000, Green Party Candidate in this riding in 2004 and 2006, and Green Party Candidate in Argenteuil—Papineau—Mirabel in 2008 |
| Shefford | Patrick Daoust |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Sherbrooke | Jacques Laberge | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Terrebonne—Blainville | Michel Paulette | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Trois-Rivières | Louis Lacroix | M | Victoriaville | Agricultural Technician |  |  |  | Green Party Candidate in 2004 (in Drummond) and 2006 Canadian federal election (in Bas-Richelieu—Nicolet—Bécancour) |
| Vaudreuil—Soulanges | Jean-Yves Massenet | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Verchères—Les Patriotes | Thomas La Pierre | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Westmount—Ville-Marie | Andrew Carkner | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |

## Ontario \- 106 seats

| Riding | Candidate | Gender | Residence | Occupation | Votes | % | Rank | Biographical notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ajax—Pickering | Mike Harilaid | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing | Lorraine Rekmans | F |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Ancaster—Dundas—Flamborough—Westdale | Peter Ormond | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Barrie | Erich Jacoby-Hawkins | M | Barrie | Teacher |  |  |  | 2004, 2006 and 2008 candidate in this riding. |
| Beaches—East York | Aaron Cameron | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Bramalea—Gore—Malton | John Moulton |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Brampton—Springdale | Mark Hoffberg | M | Brampton | Graphic Designer |  |  |  |  |
| Brampton West | Avtaar Soor |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Brant | Nora Fueten | F | St. George | Retired |  |  |  | 2008 candidate in this riding |
| Bruce—Grey—Owen Sound | Emma Hogbin | F | Owen Sound | Technical writer, Consultant |  |  |  |  |
| Burlington | Graham Mayberry | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Cambridge | Jacques Malette |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Carleton—Mississippi Mills | John Hogg |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Chatham-Kent—Essex | Robert Hodgson |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Davenport | Wayne Scott |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Don Valley East | Akil Sadikali |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Don Valley West | Georgina Wilcock | F | Toronto | Medical Doctor |  |  |  | 2008 candidate in this riding. |
| Dufferin—Caledon | Andrew Van Leeuwen | M | Caledon | Business Owner |  |  |  | 2008 candidate in this riding. |
| Durham | Stephen Leahy | M | Durham | Environmental Journalist |  |  |  | 2008 candidate in Durham. |
| Eglinton—Lawrence | Paul Baker |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Elgin—Middlesex—London | John Fisher |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Essex | Cora Carriveau |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Etobicoke Centre | Katarina Zoricic |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Etobicoke—Lakeshore | David Corail |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Etobicoke North |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Glengarry—Prescott—Russell | Sylvie Lemieux | F | Cumberland | Program Manager |  |  |  | 2008 candidate in this riding. |
| Guelph | John Lawson | M | Guelph | Minister |  |  |  |  |
| Haldimand—Norfolk | Anne Faulkner | F | Simcoe | Teacher |  |  |  |  |
| Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes—Brock | Susanne E. Lauten | F | Newmarket | Vanessa Long | F |  |  |  |
| Halton | Judi Remigio | F |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Hamilton Centre | No Candidate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Hamilton East—Stoney Creek | Dave Hart Dyke |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Hamilton Mountain | Stephen E. Brotherston | M | Hamilton | Retired |  |  |  | 2008 candidate in this riding. |
| Huron—Bruce | Eric Shelley | M | Tiverton)) | Student |  |  |  |  |
| Kenora | Mike Schwindt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Kingston and the Islands | Eric Benoit Walton | M | Kingston | Business person |  |  |  | 2006 and 2008 candidate in this riding. |
| Kitchener Centre | John Bithell | M | Kitchener | Manager |  |  |  | 2008 candidate in this riding. |
| Kitchener—Conestoga | Albert Ashley |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Kitchener—Waterloo | Cathy MacLellan | F | Waterloo | Entrepreneure |  |  |  | 2008 candidate in this riding. |
| Lambton—Kent—Middlesex | Jim Johnston |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Lanark—Frontenac—Lennox and Addington | Jennifer Wheeler | F |  | Naturopathic Doctor |  |  |  |  |
| Leeds—Grenville | Mary Slade | F | Athens | Retired |  |  |  |  |
| London—Fanshawe | Matthew Peloza | M |  | Certified Managerial Accountant |  |  |  |  |
| London North Centre | Mary Ann Hodge |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| London West | Brad Corbett |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Markham—Unionville | Adam Poon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Mississauga—Brampton South | Benjamin Stone |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Mississauga East—Cooksville | Jaymini Bhikha | F | Mississauga |  |  |  |  | 2008 candidate in this riding |
| Mississauga—Erindale | John Fraser |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Mississauga South | Paul Simas |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Mississauga—Streetsville | Chris Hill |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Nepean—Carleton | Jean-Luc Cooke | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Newmarket—Aurora | Vanessa Long |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Niagara Falls | Shawn Willick |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Niagara West—Glanbrook | Sid Frere | M | St. Anns | Principal (retired) |  |  |  | 2008 candidate in this riding. |
| Nickel Belt | Christine Guillot |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Nipissing—Timiskaming | Scott Daley |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Northumberland—Quinte West | Stan Grizzle | M | Brighton | Actor |  |  |  | Son of the first black candidate for the CCF |
| Oak Ridges—Markham | Trifon Haitas |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Oakville | Andrew Chlobowski |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Oshawa | Gail Bates | F | Oshawa | Nurse |  |  |  |  |
| Ottawa Centre | Jennifer Hunter | F | Ottawa | Facilitator |  |  |  | 2008 candidate in this riding |
| Ottawa—Orléans | Paul Maillet | M | Ottawa | Org. Ethics Consultant |  |  |  | 2008 candidate in the riding. |
| Ottawa South | Mick Kitor |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Ottawa—Vanier | Caroline Rioux | F | Ottawa | Software Designer |  |  |  |  |
| Ottawa West—Nepean | Mark Mackenzie |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Oxford | Mike Farlow |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Parkdale—High Park | Sarah Newton |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Parry Sound-Muskoka | Glen Hodgson |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Perth Wellington | John Cowling |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Peterborough | Michael Bell |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Pickering—Scarborough East | Kevin Smith |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Prince Edward—Hastings | Patrick Larkin |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Renfrew—Nipissing—Pembroke | Rosanne Van Schie |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Richmond Hill | Cameron Hastings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| St. Catharines | Jennifer Mooradian | F | St. Catharines | Midwife |  |  |  | 2008 candidate in Welland |
| St. Paul's | Debborah Donnelly | F | Toronto | Civil Servant |  |  |  |  |
| Sarnia—Lambton | Timothy van Bodegom |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Sault Ste. Marie | Luke Macmichael |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Scarborough—Agincourt | Pauline Thompson |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Scarborough Centre | Ella Ng |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Scarborough-Guildwood | Alonzo Bartley |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Scarborough—Rouge River | George Singh |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Scarborough Southwest | Stefan Dixon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Simcoe—Grey | Stuart Starbuck | M | Tottenham | Town Councilman and President of Provincial Green Party Constituency in Simcoe—Grey |  |  |  |  |
| Simcoe North | Valerie Powell | F | Coldwater | Psychogeriatric Consultant |  |  |  | 2008 candidate in this riding. |
| Stormont—Dundas—South Glengarry | David Anthony Rawnsley | M | Williamstown | Retired |  |  |  | 2008 candidate in this riding. |
| Sudbury | Frederick Twilley | M | Sudbury | Retired |  |  |  | 2008 Candidate in Nickel Belt |
| Thornhill | Norbert Koehl |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Thunder Bay—Rainy River | Ed Shields |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Thunder Bay—Superior North | Scot Kyle |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Timmins-James Bay | Lisa Bennett |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Toronto Centre | Ellen Michelson | F | Toronto | Educator, Writer |  |  |  | Peace and Security Critic for the Green Party of Canada; 2008 candidate in this riding. |
| Toronto—Danforth | Adriana Mugnatto-Hamu | F | Toronto | Environmental Organizer |  |  |  | Climate Change Critic for the Green Party of Canada |
| Trinity—Spadina | Stephen LaFrenie | M | Toronto | Arts Educator |  |  |  | 2008 candidate in this riding. |
| Vaughan | Claudia Rodriguez-Larrain | F | Vaughan | CEO and President of Environmental NGO |  |  |  | 2010 by-election candidate in this riding. Ontario New Democratic Party in York Centre during the 2007 Ontario general election. |
| Welland | Robin Williamson |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Wellington—Halton Hills | Brent Bouteiller |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Whitby—Oshawa | Rebecca Harrison | F | Whitby |  |  |  |  | S-W Ontario GPC Organizer |
| Willowdale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Windsor—Tecumseh | Kyle Prestanski |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Windsor West | Alishia Fox |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| York Centre | Rosemary Frei |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| York—Simcoe | John Dewar |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| York South—Weston | Sonny Day |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| York West | Unblind Tibbin |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

## Manitoba - 14 Seats

| Riding | Candidate | Gender | Residence | Occupation | Votes | % | Rank | Biographical notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Brandon—Souris | Dave Barnes | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Charleswood—St. James—Assiniboia | Denali Enns | F |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Churchill | Alberteen Spence | F |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Dauphin—Swan River—Marquette | Kate Storey | F | Grandview | Farmer |  |  |  | 2006 and 2008 candidate in this riding. |
| Elmwood—Transcona | Ellen Young | F |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Kildonan—St. Paul | Alon Weinberg | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Portage—Lisgar | Matthew Friesen | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Provencher | Janine Gibson | F |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Saint Boniface | Marc Payette | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Selkirk—Interlake | Don Winstone | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Winnipeg Centre | Jacqueline Romanow | F | Winnipeg | Professor |  |  |  |  |
| Winnipeg North | John Harvie | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Winnipeg South | Caitlin McIntyre | F |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Winnipeg South Centre | Joshua McNeil | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |

## Saskatchewan \- 14 seats

| Riding | Candidate | Gender | Residence | Occupation | Votes | % | Rank | Biographical notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Battlefords—Lloydminster | Norbert Kratchmer | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Blackstrap | Shawn Setyo | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Cypress Hills—Grasslands | Chris Carnell | M | Frontier | IT manager |  |  |  |  |
| Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River | George Morin | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Palliser | Larissa Shasko | F |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Prince Albert | Myk Brazier | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Regina—Lumsden—Lake Centre | Billy Patterson | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Regina—Qu'Appelle | Gregory E. Chatterson | M | Fort Qu'Appelle | Bricklayer |  |  |  | 1997 Canadian Action Party candidate in this riding; 2008 Green candidate in this riding. |
| Saskatoon—Humboldt | Sandra Finley | F |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Saskatoon—Rosetown—Biggar | Vicki Strelioff | F |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Saskatoon—Wanuskewin | Mark Bigland-Pritchard | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Souris—Moose Mountain | Bob Deptuck | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Wascana | Bill Clary | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Yorkton—Melville | Elaine Hughes | F |  |  |  |  |  |  |

## Alberta \- 28 seats

| Riding
 | Candidate's Name | Gender | Residence | Occupation | Votes | % | Rank | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Calgary Centre | William Hamilton | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Calgary Centre-North | Heather MacIntosh | F | Calgary |  |  |  |  |  |
| Calgary East | Scott Milton | M | Calgary |  |  |  |  |  |
| Calgary Northeast | Sheila Brown-Eckersley | F |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Calgary—Nose Hill | Tony Hajj | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Calgary Southeast | Brett Spencer | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Calgary Southwest | Kelly Christie | M |  |  |  |  |  | 2008 candidate in this riding |
| Calgary West | Anna Wagner | F | Calgary |  |  |  |  |  |
| Crowfoot | Konrad Schellenberg | M | Camrose |  |  |  |  |  |
| Edmonton Centre | David Parker | M | Edmonton |  |  |  |  |  |
| Edmonton East | Trey Capnerhurst | F |  |  |  |  |  | 2008 candidate in this riding |
| Edmonton—Leduc | Valerie Kennedy | F |  |  |  |  |  | 2008 candidate in this riding |
| Edmonton—Mill Woods—Beaumont | Paul Boos | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Edmonton—St. Albert | Peter Johnston | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Edmonton—Sherwood Park | Chris Vallee | M |  | Electrician |  |  |  |  |
| Edmonton—Spruce Grove | Eric Skonberg | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Edmonton—Strathcona | Andrew Fehr | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Fort McMurray—Athabasca | Jule Asterisk | F | Slave Lake |  |  |  |  |  |
| Lethbridge | Cailin Bartlett |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Macleod | Attila Nagy | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Medicine Hat | Graham Murray | M | Medicine Hat |  |  |  |  |  |
| Peace River | Wayne Kamieniecki | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Red Deer | Ashkan Hamzehi | M | Red Deer |  |  |  |  |  |
| Vegreville—Wainwright | Will Munsey | M |  | Farmer |  |  |  |  |
| Westlock—St. Paul | Lisa Grant |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Wetaskiwin | Les Parsons | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Wild Rose | Mike MacDonald | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Yellowhead | Monika Schaefer | F | Jasper |  |  |  |  |  |

## British Columbia \- 36 seats

| Riding | Candidate | Gender | Residence | Occupation | Votes | % | Rank | Biographical notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Abbotsford | Daniel Bryce | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| British Columbia Southern Interior | Bryan Hunt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Burnaby—Douglas | Adrianne Merlo | F |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Burnaby—New Westminster | Carrie-Ann McLaren | F |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Cariboo—Prince George | Heidi Redl | F |  | Cattle Rancher |  |  |  |  |
| Chilliwack—Fraser Canyon | Jamie Hoskins | M | Chilliwack |  |  |  |  |  |
| Delta—Richmond East | Duane Laird | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Esquimalt—Juan de Fuca | Shaunna Salsman | F | Sooke |  |  |  |  |  |
| Fleetwood—Port Kells | Alan Saldanha | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Kamloops—Thompson—Cariboo | Donovan Michael Grube Cavers | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Kelowna—Lake Country | Alice Hooper | F |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Kootenay—Columbia | William Green |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Langley | Carey Poitras | F |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Nanaimo—Alberni | Myron Jespersen | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Nanaimo—Cowichan | Anne Marie Benoit | F |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Newton—North Delta | Liz Walker | F |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| New Westminster—Coquitlam | Rebecca Helps | F |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| North Vancouver | Greg Dowman | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Okanagan—Coquihalla | Dan Bouchard | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Okanagan—Shuswap | Greig Crockett | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Pitt Meadows—Maple Ridge—Mission | Peter Tam | M | Maple Ridge |  |  |  |  |  |
| Port Moody—Westwood—Port Coquitlam | Kevin Kim | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Prince George—Peace River | Hilary Crowley | F | Summit Lake | Physiotherapist |  |  |  |  |
| Richmond | Michael Wolfe | M |  | Teacher |  |  |  |  |
| Saanich—Gulf Islands | Elizabeth May | F | Sidney | Leader of Political Party |  |  |  | 2008 Green Party Candidate in Central Nova, Current Leader of the Green Party of Canada |
| Skeena—Bulkley Valley | Roger Benham | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| South Surrey—White Rock—Cloverdale | Larry Colero | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Surrey North | Bernadette Keenan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Vancouver Centre | Adriane Carr | F | Vancouver | Political Organizer |  |  |  | 2008 Candidate in this riding; former leader of the Green Party of British Columbia |
| Vancouver East | Douglas Roy | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Vancouver Island North | Sue Moen | F |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Vancouver Kingsway | Louise Boutin |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Vancouver Quadra | Laura-Leah Shaw | F |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Vancouver South | Jean Hakizimana | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Victoria | Jared Giesbrecht | M | Victoria |  |  |  |  |  |
| West Vancouver—Sunshine Coast—Sea to Sky Country | Brennan Wauters | M |  |  |  |  |  |  |

## Yukon \- 1 seat

| Riding | Candidate | Gender | Residence | Occupation | Votes | % | Rank | Biographical notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Yukon | John Streicker | M | Marsh Lake | Professional Engineer |  |  |  | Green Party Candidate in 2008. |

## Northwest Territories \- 1 seat

| Riding
 | Candidate's Name | Gender | Residence | Occupation | Votes | % | Rank | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Western Arctic | Eli Purchase | M | Yellowknife |  |  |  |  |  |

## Nunavut \- 1 seat

| Riding
 | Candidate's Name | Gender | Residence | Occupation | Votes | % | Rank | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Nunavut | Paul Azzarello | M |  | Real estate agent |  |  |  |  |


title: Poperczyn

abstract: Poperczyn is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żółkiewka, within Krasnystaw County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) east of Żółkiewka, 21 km (13 mi) south-west of Krasnystaw, and 44 km (27 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.

text:
# Poperczyn

**Poperczyn** \[pɔˈpɛrt͡ʂɨn\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żółkiewka, within Krasnystaw County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) east of Żółkiewka, 21 km (13 mi) south-west of Krasnystaw, and 44 km (27 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.

## InfoBox

| Poperczyn | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Poperczyn | |
| Coordinates: 50°55′N 22°54′E / 50.917°N 22.900°E / 50.917; 22.900 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Krasnystaw |
| Gmina | Żółkiewka |


title: Mark Colbourne

abstract: Mark Lee Colbourne MBE is a former Welsh paralympic-cyclist, who competed for both Wales and Great Britain.

text:
# Mark Colbourne

**Mark Lee Colbourne** MBE (born 9 November 1969) is a former Welsh paralympic-cyclist, who competed for both Wales and Great Britain.

## Early life

Colbourne was born on 9 November 1969 in Tredegar, Monmouthshire, Wales. He played volleyball at international level for Wales between 1990 and 1993.

He broke his back in 2009 after falling 35 feet (11 m) when forced into an emergency landing whilst paragliding.

## Cycling career

Following his accident Colbourne began cycling through Disability Sport Wales. He competes in the C1 classification for riders on upright bikes with the most severe disability. He trained with disabled cycling coach Neil Smith at the Newport Velodrome and made his first appearance in a track race in May 2010 at the Wales Grand Prix.

In 2011 he won his first UCI Para-Cycling World Cup medals. He took bronze in the C1 time trail in Segovia, Spain at his debut at World Cup level. At the round in Baie-Comeau, Canada, he won the silver medal in the same event behind Juan Jose Mendez Fernandez of Spain. His first World Championship medal was a silver at the 2011 UCI Para-Cycling Road World Championships held in Roskilde, Denmark.

In 2012 Colbourne won his first world title, taking the gold medal in the C1 3 km individual pursuit at the 2012 UCI Para-Cycling Track World Championships in Los Angeles, United States. At the same Championships he won the silver medal in the C1 1 km time trial.

He was selected as part of the cycling team for Great Britain at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. On 30 August 2012 Colbourne won a silver medal and Great Britain's first medal of the 2012 Paralympics, in the C1-3 1 km time trial. On 31 August 2012 he won a gold medal in the C1 3 km individual pursuit after breaking the world record in both the qualification round and the final. He is scheduled to compete in two road cycling events; the C1 road time trial, on 5 September; and the C1-3 road race on 6 September.

Colbourne was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2013 New Year Honours for services to cycling. In August 2013 Colbourne announced his retirement from para-cycling.

## InfoBox

Mark Colbourne
MBE
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Mark Colbourne |
| Born | (1969-11-09) 9 November 1969<br>Tredegar, Wales |
| Team information | |
| Discipline | Track |
| Medal record      Representing  Great Britain  Men's track cycling  Paralympic Games  2012 London Individual pursuit C1  2012 London 1km time trial C1-3  Men's road cycling  Paralympic Games  2012 London Road Time Trial C1 | |


title: Mouat Street, Fremantle

abstract:
Mouat Street is a 300-metre-long (980 ft) street in Fremantle, Western Australia. Historically, the name was often spelled as Mouatt Street. It is a one-way street, running from Phillimore Street in the north to Marine Terrace in the south. It runs parallel to and in between Cliff Street to the west and Henry Street to the east.
Along the way it intersects High Street and Croke Street. Mouat Street was named after lieutenant J. A. Mouat, of HMS Challenger. New kerbing was laid along Mouat Street in 1890. It is the location of a number of historical buildings: the Adelaide Steamship House, the Strelitz Buildings, the former Tarantella Night Club and the Howard Smith Building. There are also several buildings owned and used by the Fremantle campus of the University of Notre Dame, such as the former P&O Hotel building, as well as many other commercial buildings that use their heritage status. Former buildings in the street include His Lordships Larder Hotel.

text:
# Mouat Street, Fremantle

**Mouat Street** is a 300-metre-long (980 ft) street in Fremantle, Western Australia. Historically, the name was often spelled as **Mouatt Street**.

It is a one-way street, running from Phillimore Street in the north to Marine Terrace in the south. It runs parallel to and in between Cliff Street to the west and Henry Street to the east. Along the way it intersects High Street and Croke Street.

Mouat Street was named after lieutenant J.A. Mouat, of HMS *Challenger*.

New kerbing was laid along Mouat Street in 1890.

It is the location of a number of historical buildings: the Adelaide Steamship House, the Strelitz Buildings, the former Tarantella Night Club and the Howard Smith Building. There are also several buildings owned and used by the Fremantle campus of the University of Notre Dame, such as the former P&O Hotel building, as well as many other commercial buildings that use their heritage status.

Former buildings in the street include His Lordships Larder Hotel.

Template:Attached KML/Mouat StreetKML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| Mouat Street<br>Western Australia | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Type | Street |
| Length | 300 m (1,000 ft) |
| Major junctions | |
| NW end | Phillimore Street |
|  |  |
| SE end | Marine Terrace |
| Location(s) | |
| Suburb(s) | Fremantle |


title: Mark Stevens (venture capitalist)

abstract: Mark Stevens is an American billionaire venture capitalist, and a partner at S-Cubed Capital in Menlo Park, California. He was previously with Intel and Sequoia Capital. He serves on the board of Nvidia, and is an investor in the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association.

text:
# Mark Stevens (venture capitalist)

**Mark Stevens** (born 1960) is an American billionaire venture capitalist, and a partner at S-Cubed Capital in Menlo Park, California. He was previously with Intel and Sequoia Capital. He serves on the board of Nvidia, and is an investor in the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association.

## Education and career

Stevens earned bachelor's and master's degrees from the University of Southern California, and an MBA from Harvard Business School. During his time at USC, Stevens was a member of the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity.

## Career

Stevens joined Intel in 1982, then a mid-sized company about to capitalize on the PC boom. He joined as a technical salesperson and worked in a variety of marketing and sales roles while also earning his master's degree in Computer Engineering from USC. He left in 1987 to receive his MBA from Harvard Business School.

In 1989, Stevens became a partner at Sequoia Capital and began to concentrate on semiconductor, software, and systems-related investments. Over the years, he became a rising star on Forbes magazine's Midas List of top 100 venture capitalists, climbing as high as 10th place. He served as a director of at least 12 companies during this time.

Stevens was previously one of the five voting partners at Sequoia Capital who were jointly responsible for some of the high-tech industry's most successful investments: Google, Yahoo!, Nvidia, YouTube, and others. He is the founder of and currently affiliated with S-Cubed capital.

## Philanthropy

In 2004, Stevens and his wife Mary donated $22 million to the University of Southern California and to help found the USC Stevens Institute for Technology Commercialization to advance engineering within the USC Viterbi School of Engineering. It was later renamed USC Stevens Center for Innovation, having expanded its scope to include other disciplines.

In 2015, Stevens and his wife donated $50 million to endow and name the USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute. The Institute's goal is to enhance knowledge of brain science through the application of imaging and information technologies. In 2017, the Institute received FDA clearance for clinical use of the first seven-Tesla MRI scanner in North America. In 2019, the Institute, along with the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, announced the addition of more than 108 terabytes of RNA sequencing data to its open access portal associated with the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative.

Stevens is a member of the USC Viterbi School of Engineering Board of Councilors and, since 2001, the USC Board of Trustees. He previously served on the board of trustees of the Menlo School in Menlo Park, California.

Mark and his wife Mary Stevens are also signers of The Giving Pledge (their pledge page) which was started by Warren Buffet and Bill Gates. They note on their own charitable website that they are just getting started with their giving.

## Golden State Warriors

Stevens became an investor in the Golden State Warriors of the NBA in 2013 by purchasing shares formerly held by Vivek Ranadive. He was ejected from Oracle Arena during Game 3 of the 2019 NBA Finals, after an altercation with Kyle Lowry of the Toronto Raptors. The Warriors, as well as the league, eventually banned Stevens for a year from all games, arenas, and team activities. He was also fined $500,000 for the incident. Stevens reached out to Lowry and attempted to directly apologize to him along with other members of the Raptors and Warriors organizations and he expressed gratitude to those who accepted his calls. A 2016 New York Times analysis of the team's value suggested it had more than doubled from Stevens’ 2013 investment.

## InfoBox

| Mark Stevens | |
| --- | --- |
| Stevens in 2017 | |
| Born | 1959 or 1960 (age 63–64) |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | University of Southern California<br>Harvard University |
| Occupation | Venture capitalist |
| Known for | Partner, Sequoia Capital |
| Board member of | Nvidia |
| Spouse | Mary Stevens |
| Children | 3 |


title: Microcotyle pacifica

abstract: Microcotyle pacifica is a species of monogenean, parasitic on the gills of a marine fish. It belongs to the family Microcotylidae. It was first described an illustrated based on 31 specimens from the gills of the blackbelly eelpout Lycodes pacificus off California.

text:
# Microcotyle pacifica

***Microcotyle pacifica*** is a species of monogenean, parasitic on the gills of a marine fish. It belongs to the family Microcotylidae. It was first described an illustrated based on 31 specimens from the gills of the blackbelly eelpout *Lycodes pacificus* (referred to as *Lycodopus pacificus* in the original description) off California.

## Description

*Microcotyle pacifica* has the general morphology of all species of *Microcotyle*, with a symmetrical lanceolat body, comprising an anterior part which contains most organs and a posterior part called the haptor. The haptor is symmetrical, and bears 46-50 clamps, arranged as two rows, one on each side. The clamps of the haptor attach the animal to the gill of the fish. There are also two buccal suckers oval, unarmed, and located at the anterior extremity. The digestive organs include an anterior, terminal mouth, a circular pharynx, a simple oesophagus and a posterior intestine bifurcates immediately posterior to genital atrium into two lateral branches provided with numerous secondary branches, both extends into the hohaptor, and are confluent. Each adult contains male and female reproductive organs. The reproductive organs include an anterior genital atrium, armed with numerous thorn-shaped spines, a medio-dorsal vagina opening approximately one fourth to one-fifth length of body from anterior end, a single tubular, irregularly looped ovary and 18-30 testes irregular in shape, closely packed and occupy the greatest part of the postovarian interintestinal field.

## Etymology

The species name is derived from the specific name of the type-host *Lycodes pacificus*.

## Hosts and localities

The type-host and only recorded host is the blackbelly eelpout *Lycodes pacificus*. The type and only reported locality is off California.

## InfoBox

| *Microcotyle pacifica* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Platyhelminthes |
| Class: | Monogenea |
| Order: | Mazocraeidea |
| Family: | Microcotylidae |
| Genus: | *Microcotyle* |
| Species: | ***M. pacifica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Microcotyle pacifica***<br>Crane, 1972 | |
|


title: Novo Lagovo

abstract: Novo Lagovo is a village in Municipality of Prilep, North Macedonia. Established in 1912.

text:
# Novo Lagovo

**Novo Lagovo** is a village in Municipality of Prilep, North Macedonia. Established in 1912.

## Demographics

As of the 2021 census, Novo Lagovo had 224 residents with the following ethnic composition:

* Macedonians 207
* Persons for whom data are taken from administrative sources 8
* Others 5
* Serbs 4

According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 213 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:

## InfoBox

| Novo Lagovo Ново Лагово | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| View of Novo Lagovo | |
| Novo LagovoLocation within North Macedonia | |
| Coordinates: 41°18′42″N 21°30′57″E / 41.31167°N 21.51583°E / 41.31167; 21.51583 | |
| Country | North Macedonia |
| Region | Pelagonia |
| Municipality | Prilep |
| Elevation | 623 m (2,044 ft) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 224 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Area code | +38948XXXXXX |


title: Eugénie (1793 ship)

abstract: Eugénie was a French 16-gun privateer ship-sloop launched in 1793. The French Navy requisitioned her in March 1794 for coastal escort and patrol purposes. After the navy returned her to civilian ownership at Nantes in February 1796 she returned to privateering. On 16 March 1798 HMS Magnanime was escorting a small convoy when she spied a privateer lurking about, seeking an opportunity to pick off a prize. Captain Michael de Courcy set Magnanime in chase. Twenty-three hours and 256 miles later, he captured Eugénie at 42°N 12°W. She had been armed with 18 guns, eight of which she had thrown overboard during the chase, and had a crew of 107 men. She was coppered and appeared completely new. She arrived at Plymouth on 4 May. The Royal Navy took her into service under the name HMS Pandour, but never commissioned her. In 1800 her name became HMS Wolf. Wolf never saw active duty either. The Admiralty offered her for sale at Plymouth on 31 August 1801. She was broken up in 1802.

text:
# Eugénie (1793 ship)

***Eugénie*** was a French 16-gun privateer ship-sloop launched in 1793. The French Navy requisitioned her in March 1794 for coastal escort and patrol purposes. After the navy returned her to civilian ownership at Nantes in February 1796 she returned to privateering.

On 16 March 1798 HMS *Magnanime* was escorting a small convoy when she spied a privateer lurking about, seeking an opportunity to pick off a prize. Captain Michael de Courcy set *Magnanime* in chase. Twenty-three hours and 256 miles later, he captured *Eugénie* at 42°N 12°W / 42°N 12°W / 42; -12. She had been armed with 18 guns, eight of which she had thrown overboard during the chase, and had a crew of 107 men. She was coppered and appeared completely new.

She arrived at Plymouth on 4 May. The Royal Navy took her into service under the name HMS *Pandour*, but never commissioned her. In 1800 her name became HMS *Wolf*. *Wolf* never saw active duty either.

The Admiralty offered her for sale at Plymouth on 31 August 1801. She was broken up in 1802.

## Citations

1. Winfield (2008), p. 287.
2. Winfield (2008), p. 266.
3. Winfield & Roberts (2015), p. 213.
4. "No. 15006". *The London Gazette*. 10 April 1798. p. 305.
5. "No. 15396". *The London Gazette*. 11 August 1801. p. 991.
* Winfield, Rif (2008). *British Warships in the Age of Sail 17931817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates*. Seaforth. ISBN 978-1861762467.
* Winfield, Rif; Roberts, Stephen S. (2015). *French Warships in the Age of Sail 1786–1861: Design Construction, Careers and Fates*. Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-204-2.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| France | |
| Name | *Eugénie* |
| Builder | Nantes |
| Launched | 1793 |
| Acquired | March 1794 (requisitioned) |
| Decommissioned | February 1796 |
| Captured | 16 March 1798 |
| Great Britain | |
| Name | HMS *Pandour* or *Pandora* |
| Acquired | March 1798 by capture |
| Renamed | HMS *Wolf* in 1800 |
| Fate | Broken up 1802 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Brig |
| Displacement | 300 tons |
| Tons burthen | 2432794 (bm) |
| Length | * 85 ft 10 in (26.2 m) (overall); * 67 ft 9+14 in (20.7 m) (keel) |
| Beam | 25 ft 11+34 in (7.9 m) |
| Depth of hold | 11 ft 11 in (3.6 m) |
| Propulsion | Sails |
| Sail plan | Brig |
| Complement | * French privateer: 100-110 * French Navy:95-105 * Royal Navy: 86 |
| Armament | * Originally:16 × 6-pounder guns + 12 swivel guns * 1795: 2 × 6-pounder guns + 14 × 4-pounder guns * Privateer: 16 × 6-pounders * Royal Navy: 16 × 6-pounder guns |


title: Goff and Gamble Merchandise Store

abstract: The Goff and Gamble Merchandise Store is a historic retail establishment in the center of Gillham, Arkansas, USA, just north of the railroad tracks. Built in stages between 1900 and 1911, it is one of the few surviving structures in the community dating to its boom years in the early 20th century. The first section of the building, built in 1900, has a wooden storefront topped by a metal cornice, and is the westernmost part of the building. The central section, built out of concrete blocks in 1906, has an entrance facing north, with that elevation topped by a parapet. The eastern section, completed in 1911, is also fashioned from concrete blocks. Its storefront also faces north, flanked by pilasters, and also topped by a simple parapet. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996, at which time it was still in use as a general store.

text:
# Goff and Gamble Merchandise Store

The **Goff and Gamble Merchandise Store** is a historic retail establishment in the center of Gillham, Arkansas, USA, just north of the railroad tracks. Built in stages between 1900 and 1911, it is one of the few surviving structures in the community dating to its boom years in the early 20th century. The first section of the building, built in 1900, has a wooden storefront topped by a metal cornice, and is the westernmost part of the building. The central section, built out of concrete blocks in 1906, has an entrance facing north, with that elevation topped by a parapet. The eastern section, completed in 1911, is also fashioned from concrete blocks. Its storefront also faces north, flanked by pilasters, and also topped by a simple parapet.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996, at which time it was still in use as a general store.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Goff and Gamble Merchandise Store | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location in ArkansasLocation in United States | |
| Location | 1 block N of the Kansas City--Southern RR tracks in the center of Gillham, Gillham, Arkansas |
| Coordinates | 34°10′8″N 94°18′54″W / 34.16889°N 94.31500°W / 34.16889; -94.31500 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1900 (1900) |
| Architectural style | Early Commercial |
| MPS | Railroad Era Resources of Southwest Arkansas MPS |
| NRHP reference No. | 96000646 |
| Added to NRHP | June 20, 1996 |


title: James Gordon (Royal Navy officer)

abstract: Admiral of the Fleet Sir James Alexander Gordon, GCB was a Royal Navy officer. As a volunteer, he fought at the Battle of Groix, at the Battle of the Glorious First of June and at the Battle of Cape St Vincent during the French Revolutionary Wars and then, as a midshipman, served under Admiral Sir Horatio Nelson at the Battle of the Nile. Gordon became commanding officer of the 28-gun frigate HMS Mercury which took part of a hard-fought action between three British ships and the combined forces of a Spanish convoy, 20 gunboats and land artillery off the town of Rota during the Napoleonic Wars. He later became captain of the 38-gun frigate HMS Active which was one of the four ships that successfully defeated a much larger French squadron at the first Battle of Lissa and was one of three that subsequently defeated three more powerful French frigates off Palagruža. Gordon also saw action in the War of 1812 leading the successful raid on Alexandria on the Potomac and taking part in the less successful attack on Fort McHenry and the Battle of Baltimore. He went on to be Governor of Greenwich Hospital.

text:
# James Gordon (Royal Navy officer)

Admiral of the Fleet **Sir James Alexander Gordon**, GCB (6 October 1782 – 8 January 1869) was a Royal Navy officer. As a volunteer, he fought at the Battle of Groix, at the Battle of the Glorious First of June and at the Battle of Cape St Vincent during the French Revolutionary Wars and then, as a midshipman, served under Admiral Sir Horatio Nelson at the Battle of the Nile.

Gordon became commanding officer of the 28-gun frigate HMS *Mercury* which took part of a hard-fought action between three British ships and the combined forces of a Spanish convoy, 20 gunboats and land artillery off the town of Rota during the Napoleonic Wars. He later became captain of the 38-gun frigate HMS *Active* which was one of the four ships that successfully defeated a much larger French squadron at the first Battle of Lissa and was one of three that subsequently defeated three more powerful French frigates off Palagruža.

Gordon also saw action in the War of 1812 leading the successful raid on Alexandria on the Potomac and taking part in the less successful attack on Fort McHenry and the Battle of Baltimore. He went on to be Governor of Greenwich Hospital.

## Early career

Born the eldest son of Charles Gordon of Wardhouse, Aberdeenshire, and his wife, a daughter of Major James Mercer, of Auchnacant, Aberdeenshire, Gordon joined the Royal Navy in November 1793. He was assigned to the 74-gun HMS *Arrogant* in the Channel Squadron, took part in the blockade of Brest and served under Lord Howe at the Battle of the Glorious First of June in June 1794. He spent time on harbour duty in the 74-gun HMS *Invincible*, in the 74-gun HMS *Ramillies*, the 74-gun HMS *Defence* and finally the 24-gun HMS *Eurydice* during 1794. He transferred to the frigate HMS *Révolutionnaire* in 1795 and served under Admiral Lord Bridport at the Battle of Groix in June 1795 during the French Revolutionary Wars.

Gordon moved to the 90-gun ship-of-the-line HMS *Namur* in 1796. He transferred to the 74-gun HMS *Goliath* and served under Sir John Jervis at the Battle of Cape St Vincent in February 1797 and, having been promoted to midshipman, he served under Admiral Sir Horatio Nelson at the Battle of the Nile in August 1798 when a crushing defeat was inflicted on the French fleet commanded by François-Paul Brueys d'Aigalliers. He became second lieutenant of the sloop *Bordelais* in January 1800 and, while escorting a convoy to the West Indies, fought an action with three French brigs, capturing one in January 1801. In the Caribbean later that year Gordon, on an independent mission, was captured by the Haitian government of Toussaint Louverture and spent four months in prison before being released by cartel. He was made first lieutenant of the 18-gun brig HMS *Racoon* in 1802 and returned to the West Indies. *Racoon'*s capture of the French corvette *Lodi* in July 1803 led to Gordon's appointment as commanding officer of HMS *Raccoon* in October 1803 and his promotion to commander on 2 March 1804.

## Frigate captain

Gordon was promoted to post-captain on 16 May 1805 and assigned command of the 28-gun frigate HMS *Ligaera* but shortly after his arrival in England was taken seriously ill and had to resign his command. He was without a command until 1807, when he took over the 28-gun frigate HMS *Mercury*, engaged in blockade duties off Cádiz, and took part of a hard-fought action between three British ships and the combined forces of a Spanish convoy, 20 gunboats and land artillery off the town of Rota in April 1808.

He became captain of the 38-gun frigate HMS *Active* at Gibraltar in June 1808 and spent the next three years in operations in the Mediterranean Sea and Adriatic Sea. *Active* was one of the four ships under the command of William Hoste that successfully defeated a much larger French squadron at the first Battle of Lissa in March 1811 and she was one of three that defeated three more powerful French frigates off Palagruža in November 1811. In this latter action Gordon's left knee was shattered by a cannonball and his leg had to be amputated; he used a wooden leg for the remainder of his life. He recuperated in Malta and was able to take *Active* back to England in June 1812.

He took command of the frigate HMS *Seahorse* in September 1812, escorting convoys for the West Indies and enforcing the blockade of France. In 1814 she transferred to the American station, where the War of 1812 was still under way. Gordon, with Charles Napier as his second in command, distinguished himself as commodore leading the successful raid on Alexandria on the Potomac in August 1814 and also taking part in the less successful attack on Fort McHenry and the Battle of Baltimore in September 1814. He went on to provide logistic support during the Battle of New Orleans in January 1815. He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath on 29 June 1815.

Gordon continued to hold seagoing commands after the cessation of hostilities, becoming commanding officer of the frigate HMS *Madagascar* on the Home Station in November 1815 and then of the frigate HMS *Maeander* in October 1816. He rejoined his old command, HMS *Active*, in 1819 and was again her commanding officer until 1821. After this he held no further seagoing command. He was appointed Superintendent of the Naval Hospital at Plymouth in 1828 and moved on to become Superintendent of Chatham Dockyard in July 1832. From 1827 to 1832 he served as a Commissioner of the Victualling Board.

## Senior command

Promoted to rear-admiral on 10 January 1837, Gordon became Lieutenant-Governor of the Greenwich Hospital at Greenwich in July 1840. Promoted to vice-admiral on 8 January 1848, he succeeded Sir Charles Adam as Governor of Greenwich Hospital in October 1853. He was promoted to full admiral on 21 January 1854 and, having been advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath on 5 July 1855, he was promoted to Admiral of the Fleet on 30 January 1868.

## Death

Gordon died at Greenwich Hospital on 8 January 1869 and was buried in the hospital grounds. The grave lies within an enclosed area of surviving graves within the generally cleared graveyard, now forming a pocket park immediately west of the entrance to National Maritime Museum.

An obituary in *Macmillan’s Magazine* hailed him as "The Last of Nelson’s Captains" and a biography by Brian Perrett argued that his career was the principal model for that of C. S. Forester's hero Horatio Hornblower.

## Family

In August 1812 Gordon married Lydia Ward; they had seven daughters and one son.

* O'Byrne, William Richard (1849). "Gordon, James Alexander (a)". *A Naval Biographical Dictionary*. John Murray  via Wikisource.

## Sources

* Heathcote, Tony (2002). *The British Admirals of the Fleet 1734 – 1995*. Pen & Sword. ISBN 0-85052-835-6.
* Perrett, Bryan (1998). *The Real Hornblower: The Life and Times of Admiral Sir James Gordon, GCB*. Pen & Sword Maritime. ISBN 978-1781591956.

## InfoBox

| Admiral of the Fleet
Sir James Gordon | |
| --- | --- |
| Rear Admiral Sir James Alexander Gordon
painted by Andrew Morton in 1839 | |
| Nickname(s) | Last of Nelson's Captains |
| Born | 6 October 1782
Kildrummy, Aberdeenshire |
| Died | 8 January 1869(1869-01-08) (aged 86)
Greenwich, London |
| Allegiance | Kingdom of Great Britain
United Kingdom |
| Service/branch | Royal Navy |
| Years of service | 17931869 |
| Rank | Admiral of the Fleet |
| Commands | HMS *Racoon*
HMS *Ligaera*
HMS *Mercury*
HMS *Active*
HMS *Seahorse*
HMS *Madagascar*
HMS *Maeander*
Victualling Board
Naval Hospital, Plymouth
Chatham Dockyard
Greenwich Hospital |
| Battles/wars | French Revolutionary Wars
Napoleonic Wars
War of 1812 |
| Awards | Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath |


title: Ramiro Benavides

abstract: Ramiro Gonzalo Benavides Saravia is a former professional tennis player from Bolivia.

text:
# Ramiro Benavides

**Ramiro Gonzalo Benavides Saravia** (born 30 January 1947) is a former professional tennis player from Bolivia.

## Biography

Benavides, who was born in La Paz, received a scholarship to the University Corpus Christi in Texas. He completed a degree in business administration and played collegiate tennis.

He then played professionally, with his best performance on tour coming at the Florence Grand Prix tournament in 1975 when he had a win over world number eight Adriano Panatta and made the semi-finals.

His Davis Cup career for Bolivia spanned 32 years and consisted of eight ties. He first played in 1971 and made what was his last appearance for many years in 1982, but made a comeback in 2003 at the age of 56 to play a doubles match against El Salvador. At the time this made him the second oldest player in Davis Cup history, after Togo's Gadonfin Koptigan Yaka.

Now a tennis coach, Benavides competes regularly on the seniors tennis circuit.

## Challenger titles

### Doubles: (4)

| No. | Year | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | 1978 | Shreveport, U.S. | Hard | Réjean Genois | Woody Blocher
Dick R. Bohrnstedt | 7–6, 4–6, 6–2 |
| 2. | 1978 | Asheville, U.S. | Clay | Réjean Genois | Jai DiLouie
Ferdi Taygan | 7–5, 4–6, 7–6 |
| 3. | 1981 | Naples, Italy | Clay | Ricardo Acuña | Alejandro Pierola
Ricardo Rivera | 6–1, 6–1 |
| 4. | 1981 | Zell am See, Austria | Clay | Ricardo Acuña | Wayne Hampson
Chris Johnstone | 6–7, 7–6, 7–6, 7–5 |

## InfoBox

Ramiro Benavides
| Country (sports) | Bolivia |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1947-01-30) 30 January 1947
La Paz, Bolivia |
| Plays | Right-handed |
| Singles | |
| Career record | 44–108 |
| Career titles | 0 |
| Highest ranking | No. 124 (12 December 1976) |
| Grand Slam singles results | |
| French Open | 2R (1976) |
| Wimbledon | 1R (1977) |
| US Open | 2R (1979) |
| Doubles | |
| Career record | 40–117 |
| Career titles | 0 |
| Highest ranking | No. 243 (3 January 1983) |
| Grand Slam doubles results | |
| French Open | 2R (1975, 1976) |
| Wimbledon | 1R (1976, 1977) |
| US Open | 1R (1973, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1979) |


title: Porta San Giorgio, Verona

abstract: Porta San Giorgio was a gate or portal of the former outer medieval walls of the city of Verona, Italy. The first gate here constructed by Cangrande I della Scala, between 1321 and 1324. Under Venetian rule, the walls of Verona were enlarged, and this gate was rebuilt, starting in 1525 under designs of Giovanni Maria Falconetto. The work remained incomplete until 1840, when completed under Austrian rule. Of the Renaissance style remains the outer wall, resembling a triumphal arch. The composition is in Doric style, adorned with shields and weapons. At one time, the gate had a moat and drawbridge. The interior passageway had slits for weapons. Porta San Giorgio was the access from left bank of Adige River. The name derives from nearby church of San Giorgio in Braida, with a dome designed by Sanmicheli.

text:
# Porta San Giorgio, Verona

**Porta San Giorgio** was a gate or portal of the former outer medieval walls of the city of Verona, Italy.

The first gate here constructed by Cangrande I della Scala, between 1321 and 1324. Under Venetian rule, the walls of Verona were enlarged, and this gate was rebuilt, starting in 1525 under designs of Giovanni Maria Falconetto. The work remained incomplete until 1840, when completed under Austrian rule. Of the Renaissance style remains the outer wall, resembling a triumphal arch. The composition is in Doric style, adorned with shields and weapons. At one time, the gate had a moat and drawbridge. The interior passageway had slits for weapons.

Porta San Giorgio was the access from left bank of Adige River. The name derives from nearby church of San Giorgio in Braida, with a dome designed by Sanmicheli.


title: Mark Hamister

abstract: Mark Hamister was an American businessman and the Chairman and CEO of the Hamister Group, a Buffalo-based company specializing in hotels and assisted living residences with more than 500 employees and $80 million in annual revenues.

text:
# Mark Hamister

**Mark Hamister** (October 18, 1951 – August 20, 2021) was an American businessman and the Chairman and CEO of the Hamister Group, a Buffalo-based company specializing in hotels and assisted living residences with more than 500 employees and $80 million in annual revenues.

## Career

Hamister was the founder and owner of three professional indoor football teams: the Buffalo Destroyers of the Arena Football League (1998–2003), and the Rochester Brigade (2001–03) and Cincinnati Swarm (2003) of the minor-league arenafootball2.

He had purchased the franchise rights to bring an American Basketball Association team to Buffalo in 2000, but was unable to secure a venue.

Upon the arrest of Buffalo Sabres CEO/Owner John Rigas and his sons for fraud in May 2002, and the subsequent bankruptcy of the Adelphia Corporation, Hamister and fellow investor Todd Berman submitted a bid to the National Hockey League to purchase the Sabres franchise. Although their bid was initially approved by the league in November 2002, Berman subsequently withdrew his financial support and Hamister suspended the asset purchase agreement that would have completed the sale of the team. The Sabres were eventually purchased by Thomas Golisano, founder and CEO of Paychex Inc.

In his later years, Hamister was instrumental in a $300 million private and public development project in the suburban Town of Amherst, New York.

He died from COVID-19 on August 20, 2021, aged 69.


title: Mouat v Clark Boyce

abstract: Mouat v Clark Boyce [1992] 2 NZLR 559 is a cited case in New Zealand regarding the award of damages for breach of contract.

text:
# Mouat v Clark Boyce

**Mouat v Clark Boyce** \[1992\] 2 NZLR 559 is a cited case in New Zealand regarding the award of damages for breach of contract.

## Background

Dorothy Mouat was an elderly 72-year-old widow. Her son Robert Mouat wanted to borrow $100,000 for house alterations and for business expenses, and arranged for his mother to grant a mortgage over her Roydvale Avenue, Christchurch home as security for the loan.

When it came to sign the mortgage documents, Robert's solicitor refused to be party to the transaction, and Robert decided to use the law firm of Clark Boyce, whom were also his mother's solicitors.

Clarke Boyce informed Mrs Mouat 3 times that she should obtain independent advice, which she declined to do. In the end they got her to sign a form confirming that she refused to seek legal advice, and the mortgage documents were duly signed.

However, 2 years later, Robert defaulted on the loan and was later declared bankrupt.

Dorothy later sued Clarke Boyce for negligence.

The outcome of the case pertained that because Clark Boyce had made Mouat aware of the fiduciary obligations, Clark Boyce was not liable for any losses.

## InfoBox

| Mouat v Clark Boyce | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Court | Court of Appeal of New Zealand |
| Full case name | *Dorothy Dean Mouat v Clark Boyce* |
| Decided | 11 March 1992 |
| Citation | \[1992\] 2 NZLR 559 |
| Transcript | http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKPC/1993/1993\_34.pdf |
| Court membership | |
| Judges sitting | Cooke P, Richardson and Gault JJ |


title: Mark Stewart (album)

abstract: Mark Stewart is the third album by British singer Mark Stewart, released in 1987 through Mute Records.

text:
# Mark Stewart (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***Mark Stewart*** is the third album by British singer Mark Stewart, released in 1987 through Mute Records.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Mark Stewart, except where noted; all music is composed by Keith LeBlanc, Skip McDonald and Doug Wimbish, except where noted

| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Survival" |  |  | 5:10 |
| 2. | "Survivalist" |  |  | 2:42 |
| 3. | "Anger Is Holy" |  |  | 9:10 |
| 4. | "Hell Is Empty" |  |  | 7:03 |
| 5. | "Stranger" |  | Erik Satie, Mark Stewart | 8:17 |
| 6. | "Forbidden Colour" | David Sylvian | Ryuichi Sakamoto | 4:42 |
| 7. | "Forbidden Dub" | David Sylvian | Ryuichi Sakamoto | 3:10 |
| 8. | "Fatal Attraction" |  |  | 8:58 |
| 9. | "Stranger Than Love" |  | Erik Satie, Mark Stewart | 7:13 |
| 10. | "Stranger Than Love" (dub version) |  | Erik Satie, Mark Stewart | 5:28 |
| 11. | "Survival" |  |  | 4:08 |

## Personnel

## Charts

| Charts (1987) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| UK Indie Chart | 5 |

## InfoBox

| Mark Stewart | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Mark Stewart | |
| Released | October 1987 |
| Genre | Post-punk, industrial |
| Length | 66:15 |
| Label | Mute |
| Producer | Adrian Sherwood, Mark Stewart |
| Mark Stewart chronology | |
| *Mark Stewart + Maffia*
(1986) ***Mark Stewart***
(1987) *Metatron*
(1990) | |


title: Microcotyle otrynteri

abstract: Microcotyle otrynteri is a species of monogenean, parasitic on the gills of a marine fish. It belongs to the family Microcotylidae.

text:
# Microcotyle otrynteri

***Microcotyle otrynteri*** is a species of monogenean, parasitic on the gills of a marine fish. It belongs to the family Microcotylidae.

## Systematics

*Microcotyle otrynteri* was first described by Pearse in 1949 based on 4 specimens taken from one host. According to Hendrix (1994), the species is poorly described and needs further investigation.

## Morphology

*Microcotyle otrynteri* has the general morphology of all species of *Microcotyle*, with a slender body, widest in the middle and tapering toward each end, with an expanded anterior end. The body comprises an anterior part which contains most organs and a posterior part called the haptor. The haptor bears 40 clamps, arranged as two closely set rows, one on each side. The clamps of the haptor attach the animal to the gill of the fish. There are also two buccal suckers anterior to the pharynx at the anterior extremity. The digestive organs include an anterior, terminal mouth, a pharynx, and a posterior intestine with two lateral branches. Each adult contains male and female reproductive organs. The reproductive organs include an genital atrium, armed with numerous conical spines, a single ovary, vitellarium glands and testes which are posterior to the ovary.

## Etymology

The specific name *otrynteri* is derived from the generic name of the host species *Otrynter caprinus*.

## Diagnosis

According to Pearse (1949), *Microcotyle otrynteri* can be differentiated from other species of the genus *Microcotyle* studies by him in the same paper, by the dorsal papilla over the mouth, and the number and character of the haptoral clamps.

## Hosts, localities

The type-host and only recorded host of *Microcotyle otrynteri* is *Otrynter caprinus* (Sparidae). The type locality and only locality is off North Carolina.

## InfoBox

| *Microcotyle otrynteri* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Platyhelminthes |
| Class: | Monogenea |
| Order: | Mazocraeidea |
| Family: | Microcotylidae |
| Genus: | *Microcotyle* |
| Species: | ***M. otrynteri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Microcotyle otrynteri***<br>Pearse, 1949 | |
|


title: Nu Fornacis

abstract: Nu Fornacis, Latinized from ν Fornacis, is a single, variable star in the southern constellation of Fornax. It is blue-white in hue and faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude that fluctuates around 4.69. This body is located approximately 370 light years distant from the Sun based on parallax, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +18.5 km/s. It is a candidate member of the Pisces-Eridanus stellar stream, which suggests an age of 120 million years or less. This object is an Ap star with a stellar classification of B9.5IIIspSi matching a late B-type giant star. The 'Si' suffix indicates an abundance anomaly of silicon. It is an Alpha⁲ Canum Venaticorum variable that ranges from magnitude 4.68 down to 4.73 with a period of 1.89 days – the same as its rotational period. It is 3.65 times as massive and 245 times as luminous as the Sun, with 3.44 times the Sun's diameter.

text:
# Nu Fornacis

**Nu Fornacis**, Latinized from **ν Fornacis**, is a single, variable star in the southern constellation of Fornax. It is blue-white in hue and faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude that fluctuates around 4.69. This body is located approximately 370 light years distant from the Sun based on parallax, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +18.5 km/s. It is a candidate member of the Pisces-Eridanus stellar stream, which suggests an age of 120 million years or less.

This object is an Ap star with a stellar classification of B9.5IIIspSi matching a late B-type giant star. The 'Si' suffix indicates an abundance anomaly of silicon. It is an Alpha2 Canum Venaticorum variable that ranges from magnitude 4.68 down to 4.73 with a period of 1.89 days – the same as its rotational period. It is 3.65 times as massive and 245 times as luminous as the Sun, with 3.44 times the Sun's diameter.

## InfoBox

Nu Fornacis
|
A light curve for Nu Fornacis plotted from *TESS* data | |
| --- | --- |
| Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000 | |
| Constellation | Fornax |
|
| Right ascension | 02h 04m 29.43861s |
| Declination | −29° 17 48.5477 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 4.69 (4.68 – 4.73) |
| Characteristics | |
|
| Spectral type | B9.5IIIspSi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| U−B color index | −0.51 |
| B−V color index | −0.17 |
|
|
|
|
| Variable type | α2 CVn |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Astrometry | |
|  | |
| **Radial velocity (Rv)** | +18.50 km/s |
| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: +12.79 mas/yr
Dec.: +8.48 mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 8.79 ± 0.26 mas |
| **Distance** | 370 ± 10 ly
(114 ± 3 pc) |
| **Absolute magnitude (MV)** | −0.60 |
|  | |
| Details | |
|  | |
| **Mass** | 3.65±0.18 |
| **Radius** | 3.44 |
| **Luminosity** | 245 |
| **Temperature** | 13,400 |
| **Rotation** | 1.89 d |
| **Rotational velocity (*v* sin *i*)** | 50±5 km/s |
|  | |
| Other designations | |
| ν For, CD−29°706, FK5 1055, GC 2506, HD 12767, HIP 9677, HR 612, SAO 167532 | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |


title: Eurysops esau

abstract: Eurysops esau is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Chevrolat in 1855. It is known from Nigeria, Cameroon, Ghana, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Benin, Gabon, the Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Togo.

text:
# Eurysops esau

***Eurysops esau*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Chevrolat in 1855. It is known from Nigeria, Cameroon, Ghana, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Benin, Gabon, the Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Togo.

## InfoBox

| *Eurysops esau* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Eurysops* |
| Species: | ***E. esau*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eurysops esau***<br>Chevrolat, 1855 | |
|


title: Queued Telecommunications Access Method

abstract: Queued Telecommunications Access Method (QTAM) is an IBM System/360 communications access method incorporating built-in queuing. QTAM was an alternative to the lower level Basic Telecommunications Access Method (BTAM).

text:
# Queued Telecommunications Access Method

**Queued Telecommunications Access Method** (QTAM) is an IBM System/360 communications access method incorporating built-in queuing. QTAM was an alternative to the lower level Basic Telecommunications Access Method (BTAM).

## History

QTAM was announced by IBM in 1965 as part of OS/360 and DOS/360 aimed at inquiry and data collection. As announced it also supported remote job entry (RJE) applications, called *job processing*, which was dropped by 1968. Originally QTAM supported the IBM 1030 Data Collection System, IBM 1050 Data Communications System, the IBM 1060 Data Communications System, the IBM 2671 Paper Tape Reader, AT&T 83B2 Selective Calling Stations, Western Union Plan 115A Outstations, and AT&T Teletype Model 33 or 35 Teletypewriters. By 1968 terminal support had expanded to include the IBM 2260 display complex, and the IBM 2740 communications terminal.

QTAM devices were attached to a System/360 multiplexor channel through an IBM 2701 Data Adapter or IBM 2702 Transmission Control. By 1968 support for the IBM 2703 Transmission Control Unit had been added.

QTAM was succeeded by TCAM which provided roughly similar facilities, but was not supported under DOS.

## Structure

QTAM consists of a **Message Control Program (MCP)** and zero or more **Message Processing Programs (MPP)**. The MCP handles communications with the terminals, identifies input messages and starts MPPs to process them as required. This is similar in concept to the much later internet service daemon (inetd) in unix and other systems.

The **MCP** is assembled by the user installation from a set of macros supplied by IBM. These macros define the lines and terminals comprising the system, the *datasets* required, and the procedures used to process received and transmitted messages.

The **MPP**s, incorporating logic to process the various messages, are supplied by the installation, and use standard OS/360 or DOS/360 data management macros `OPEN`, `CLOSE`, `GET`, and `PUT`. PL/I includes the `TRANSIENT` file declaration attribute to allow MPPs to be written in a high-level language.

1. *IBM System/360 Operating System Queued Telecommunications Access Method-Message Control Program* (PDF). IBM. November 1968. C30-2005-2.
2. *IBM Operating System/360 Telecommunications: Preliminary Specifications* (PDF). IBM. December 1965. C28-6553-2.
3. *OS Conversion Guide from QTAM or BTAM to TCAM* (PDF). IBM. April 1971. GC30-2026-0.

## Other sources

* IBM. *IBM System/360 Disk Operating System--QTAM Message Processing Program Services*. C30-5003.

* IBM. *IBM System/360 Disk Operating System QTAM Message Control Program*. C30-5004.


title: James McMahon (astronomer)

abstract: James McMahon is an American amateur astronomer, acknowledged for his visual observations of asteroid occultations. In 1978 his observation of the occultation of the asteroid 532 Herculina with the star SAO 120774, together with photometric study made at the Lowell Observatory, was considered a proof of the existence of a Herculina's natural satellite, which would be the first discovery of an asteroid moon in history. However, a 1993 Hubble Space Telescope observation failed to confirm the discovery. In 1979 James McMahon was the first person awarded with the newly established Amateur Achievement Award of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific.

text:
# James McMahon (astronomer)

**James McMahon** is an American amateur astronomer, acknowledged for his visual observations of asteroid occultations. In 1978 his observation of the occultation of the asteroid 532 Herculina with the star SAO 120774, together with photometric study made at the Lowell Observatory, was considered a proof of the existence of a Herculina's natural satellite, which would be the first discovery of an asteroid moon in history. However, a 1993 Hubble Space Telescope observation failed to confirm the discovery. In 1979 James McMahon was the first person awarded with the newly established Amateur Achievement Award of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific.