title: Quantone

abstract: Quantone, formerly known as Decibel Music Systems, is a London-based music intelligence software company that provides rich, semantic music metadata to developers and media companies. Quantone uses technology derived from intelligence gathering services to allow for deeply connected data, storing information on not only artists and their recorded works, but also the relationships between them. In addition to album title, track titles, and the length of each track, Quantone compiles the producers, engineers, session musicians, copyright information, and more. In 2015 Quantone added music recommendations to their product range, announcing a collaboration with IBM's cognitive computing platform, Watson. Quantone also addresses special issues, such as multiple names and languages, as well as sympathetic treatment of classical music, world music and jazz.

text:
# Quantone

**Quantone**, formerly known as **Decibel Music Systems**, is a London-based music intelligence software company that provides rich, semantic music metadata to developers and media companies. Quantone uses technology derived from intelligence gathering services to allow for deeply connected data, storing information on not only artists and their recorded works, but also the relationships between them. In addition to album title, track titles, and the length of each track, Quantone compiles the producers, engineers, session musicians, copyright information, and more. In 2015 Quantone added music recommendations to their product range, announcing a collaboration with IBM's cognitive computing platform, Watson. Quantone also addresses special issues, such as multiple names and languages, as well as sympathetic treatment of classical music, world music and jazz.

## History

Quantone was founded in 2010 by Gregory Kris, Adrian Corbett, and Evan Stein as Decibel Music Systems. A musicologist by training, Stein worked as a programmer for the New York County District Attorney’s office, designing intelligence-gathering systems for law enforcement. He then served as the Director of Application Development at Standard & Poor’s, developing large-scale databases for cross-functional use. In 2005, he combined his passion for music with his technical skills and began developing the preliminary architecture of the database. Decibel Music Systems Ltd was then incorporated in 2010 alongside partners Adrian Corbett and Gregory Kris. Kris resigned as CEO in 2013.

In 2011, it was one of MidemNet Lab's finalists. In 2014, they were a Top 20 finalist at the Webit Congress - Founders Games in Istanbul.

In 2015 Decibel signed a contract with IBM to develop a music recommendations system using Watson, IBM’s cognitive computing platform, widely acclaimed for winning the game-show Jeopardy! in 2011. In 2015 Stein, the CEO said of the collaboration “The Watson project will enable us to provide even more information based on people’s observations of the music and opinion”. In 2015 the company also changed its name to Quantone.

## Product and clients

Quantone gathers music data through data-mining, web crawling, and manual input to produce a total of 100 fields of metadata for any given track. This database serves as the main product line for the company. The company has also worked closely with Colin Larkin, author of the *Encyclopedia of Popular Music*.

Customers include music sites, artist royalty collectors, record labels and independent music applications, such as Jugglit and EMI’s BlueNote App in collaboration with Groovebug.

Quantone released version 3 of their API in late 2014.

Quantone is in private ownership.

## InfoBox

Quantone Ltd
|
|  |
| Founded | January 2010 |
| Headquarters | London, England |
| Products | Music Intelligence Platform |
| Website | quantonemusic.com |


title: Melbourne Maritime Museum

abstract: The former Melbourne Maritime Museum, now, the Polly Woodside tall ship and museum, managed by the National Trust of Australia, is situated in South Wharf on the Yarra River in the city of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It is home to the barque Polly Woodside, the now restored cargo vessel launched in 1885. The vessel resides in an original wooden-walled dry dock. The dry dock was used for the repair and service of ships for over 100 years. Historic buildings on the site include a pump house and boiler room for use in pumping water from the dry dock. Shed 2 is home to displays, artefacts and models of Polly Woodside relating to her working life. The museum is a popular attraction for school children and offers extensive education programs for primary and secondary school students. Facilities on the site include the interactive gallery, a souvenir shop and picnic area. Regular events include Pirate Sundays on the first Sunday of every month. Polly Woodside is open for visitors Saturday and Sundays, 10am-4pm and each day of the school holidays in Victoria. For more information, see, Polly Woodside

text:
# Melbourne Maritime Museum

37°49′28″S 144°57′11″E / 37.82444°S 144.95306°E / -37.82444; 144.95306

The former **Melbourne Maritime Museum**, now, the ***Polly Woodside* tall ship and museum**, managed by the National Trust of Australia, is situated in South Wharf on the Yarra River in the city of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

It is home to the barque *Polly Woodside*, the now restored cargo vessel launched in 1885. The vessel resides in an original wooden-walled dry dock. The dry dock was used for the repair and service of ships for over 100 years.

Historic buildings on the site include a pump house and boiler room for use in pumping water from the dry dock. Shed 2 is home to displays, artefacts and models of *Polly Woodside* relating to her working life.

The museum is a popular attraction for school children and offers extensive education programs for primary and secondary school students.

Facilities on the site include the interactive gallery, a souvenir shop and picnic area.

Regular events include Pirate Sundays on the first Sunday of every month.

*Polly Woodside* is open for visitors Saturday and Sundays, 10am-4pm and each day of the school holidays in Victoria.

For more information, see, *Polly Woodside*

## InfoBox

Former Melbourne Maritime Museum
| *Polly Woodside* barque at the Maritime Museum | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Established | 1978 |
| Location | Melbourne, Australia |
| Type | Shipping museum |
| Website | www.pollywoodside.com.au |


title: Šatrovački

abstract: Šatrovački or šatra is an argot within the Serbo-Croatian language comparable to verlan in French or vesre in Spanish. Šatrovački was initially developed by Gypsies and various marginal subcultures and criminal groups in Yugoslavia, who employed it a device of secret communication. The term "Šatrovački" is attested in Serbian literature since as early as the year 1900, as a secret language of gamblers in Aleksinac. As late as 1954 for instance, a German-Croatian dictionary translated "šatrovački" as "Yenish speech". By the year 1981 however, one could find elements of šatrovački in the speech of very different strata of Zagreb society, from prostitutes and prisoners to scientists and professors. With each generation, more elements are added to the Šatrovački register. It is more widespread in urban areas, such as Belgrade and Novi Sad (Serbia), Zagreb (Croatia) and Sarajevo.

text:
# Šatrovački

***Šatrovački*** (Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: \[ʃâtroʋatʃkiː\]; Serbian Cyrillic: шатровачки) or ***šatra*** (Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: \[ʃâtra\]; Serbian Cyrillic: шатра) is an argot within the Serbo-Croatian language comparable to verlan in French or vesre in Spanish.

Šatrovački was initially developed by Gypsies and various marginal subcultures and criminal groups in Yugoslavia, who employed it a device of secret communication. The term "Šatrovački" is attested in Serbian literature since as early as the year 1900, as a secret language of gamblers in Aleksinac. As late as 1954 for instance, a German-Croatian dictionary translated "šatrovački" as "Yenish speech". By the year 1981 however, one could find elements of šatrovački in the speech of very different strata of Zagreb society, from prostitutes and prisoners to scientists and professors. With each generation, more elements are added to the Šatrovački register. It is more widespread in urban areas, such as Belgrade and Novi Sad (Serbia), Zagreb (Croatia) and Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina).

## Usual šatrovački

Words are formed by replacing the syllable order. For example: ***pi**vo* (beer), becomes *vo**pi***. The new word has the same meaning as the original word stem. Since the spelling is nearly phonetic it does not change. However, sometimes one of the vowels is changed to make the new word easier to pronounce, avoid ambiguity, or if the stem word is not in nominative. For example, *tra**va*** ("grass", marijuana) would become ***vu**tra* instead of *vatra* ("fire").

Some words are more commonly spoken in Šatrovački than others, but there is no specific rule. Examples of transformed sentences (although, most of the words in a single sentence are rarely transformed) are:

* *Brate, neću da igram fudbal. — Tebra, ćune da grami balfud.* ("Bro, I don't want to play football.")
* *Zemun zakon brate. — Munze konza tebra.* (literally: "Zemun is the law, bro" - meaning: "Zemun rules, dude")
* *Pazi brate, murija! — Zipa tebra, rijamu!* ("Watch out mate - cops!", *murija* slang for police)

### Examples

* **zeldi** \- dizel (*Dizelaši*, chavs)
* **ciba** \- baci (throw; imperative)
* **mojne** \- nemoj (don't; imperative)
* **loma** \- malo (a little, few)
* **tebra** \- brate (brother; vocative)
* **Ganci** \- Cigan (Gypsy)
* **ljakse** \- seljak (peasant, redneck)
* **zipa** \- pazi (watch out, pay attention; imperative)
* **tenkre** \- kreten (retard)
* **zabr nahra** \- brza hrana (fast food)
* **hopsi** \- psiho (psychopath)
* **vugla** \- glava (head, derived from accusative)
* **ljadro** \- drolja (slut)
* **vutra** \- trava (weed, marijuana)
* **fuka** \- kafa (coffee)
* **gudra** \- droga (drugs)
* **vopi** \- pivo (beer)
* **suljpa** \- pasulj (beans)
* **vozdra** \- zdravo (hello)
* **dismr** \- smrdi (stinks)
* **žika** \- kaži (say, speak; imperative)
* **konza** \- zakon (law, great, excellent)
* **balfud** \- fudbal (soccer)
* **vuspra** \- sprava (device, spliff)
* **cupi** \- pica (cunny, pretty girl, usually pejorative)
* **rijamu** \- murija (cops, pejorative)
* **sajsi** \- sisaj (suck; imperative)
* **Šone** \- Nešo (hypocorism, usually vocative)
* **Šomi** \- Mišo (hypocorism, usually vocative)
* **Kizo** \- Zoki (hypocorism)
* **Rijama** \- Marija
* **Kblo Konza** \- Blok Zakon (Block rules)
* **Munze Konza** \- Zemun Zakon (Zemun rules)
* **tozla** \- zlato (gold)
* **pakšu** \- šupak (asshole)
* **racku** \- kurac (dick, penis)
* **čkapi** \- pička (cunt, pussy)
* **žmu** \- muž (husband)
* **Rajvosa** \- Sarajevo
* **ne rise** \- ne seri (no shit, cut the crap; imperative)
* **sepra** \- prase (pig)
* **šipu** \- puši (smoke, blow; imperative)

## Utrovački

**Utrovački** (Утровачки) is a more complex form of *šatrovački*. Words are formed using: U + last part + ZA + first part + NJE. E.g. **vikipedija** (Wikipedia) becomes u**kipedija**za**vi**nje. Today, utrovački is not widely used.

Alternative Utrovački is same as above, but without "ZA", e.g. **pivo** (beer) becomes u**vopi**nje, or **cigare** (cigarettes) becomes u**gareci**nje.

## Syllable omission

A more simplified version of šatrovački is using only parts of the word, while excluding the first syllable, and is most commonly used among young people in Serbia. For example, kon**cert** (concert) would be shortened to **cert**. The rules of creating a new word that can be used in nominative while the stem is not apply similarly to standard šatrovački. An example of a full sentence would be:

*Drugar i ja idemo na koncert na Tvrđavi.* (My friend and I are going to a concert on the Fortress) *Gari i ja idemo na cert na Đavi.*

This is particularly characteristic of Novi Sad youth subculture, and is very rarely spoken outside of Vojvodina.

### Common examples

* **zika** \- muzika (music)
* **cert** \- koncert (concert)
* **Đava** \- tvrđava (fortress, almost exclusively refers to Petrovaradin fortress in Novi Sad)
* **gari** \- drugar (friend)
* **fika** \- trafika (news stand)
* **kić** \- sokić (diminutive of juice)
* **nica** \- stanica (station)
* **šulja** \- košulja (shirt)
* **lone** \- pantalone (trousers)
* **tike** \- patike (sneakers)
* **njačić** \- vinjačić (Diminutive for Vinjak, an alcoholic drink similar to Cognac)
* **tija** \- kutija (box)
* **ljara** \- pepeljara (ashtray)
* **ljada** \- hiljada (thousand)
* **bica** \- torbica (small bag)
* **čka** \- pička (cunt, pussy)
* **pač** \- štampač (printer)
* **činka** \- palačinka (crêpe, pancake)
* **ler** \- diler (drug dealer, usually of marijuana)
* **ket** \- paket (package or anything packed or wrapped)
* **ćoza** \- kaprićoza (usually refers to Pizza capricciosa, but can be used for any kind of pizza)

## Adding syllables

A very rare but present form of expression found in the Belgrade projects (blokovi). Words are reconstructed by adding various suffixes so that the original word remains relatively intact. Usually, the basis is šatrovački. The resulting words have a generally diminutive meaning.

### Examples

* **kajblo or kićblo** \- blok (Blok of suburb Blokovi or New Belgrade)
* **kićso or kajso** \- sok (juice)
* **pajdo** \- dop (heroin)

These diminutives can later be combined using the **Šatrovački** method, resulting in words like *kajblo*, or *kićblo*. It is hard to locate the origin of this version of the urban dialect, but it is found in neighbourhoods of Karaburma, Zemun and New Belgrade.

Also there is another type of šatrovački, where the words are reconstructed by addition of letter P followed by the vowel preceding the inserted P after each syllable. In Macedonia, this type of speech is called *papagalski* (parrot speech). Since syllables, usually, end on a vowel that vowel is repeated after the inserted P as follows:

šapatropovapačkipi (ša+**pa**-tro+**po**-va+**pa**-čki+**pi**)

### Examples

* **di**pi**ze**pe**l** \- dizel (diesel)
* **ba**pa**ci**pi - baci (throw)
* **ne**pe**mo**po**j** \- nemoj (don't)
* **ma**pa**lo**po - malo (some)
* **bra**pa**te**pe - brate (brother)
* **ci**pi**ga**pa**n** \- cigan (gypsy)
* **pe**pe**de**pe**r** \- peder (homosexual)
* **se**pe**lja**pa**k** \- seljak (peasant)
* **pa**pa**zi**pi - pazi (pay attention)
* **kre**pe**te**pe**n** \- kreten (idiot)

1. ; ; Karadzić: list za srpski narodni život, običaje i predanje. N.p.: n.p., 1900.
2. Hurm, Antun. Njemačko-hrvatski rječnik s gramatičkim podacima i frazeologijom. Croatia: Školska knjiga, 1954.
3. Sabljak, Tomislav (1981). *Rječnik šatrovačkog govora* (in Croatian). Zagreb: Globus.


title: Glenfalloch Apartments

abstract: Glenfalloch Apartments (1962) is a heritage-listed multi-storey residential building at 172 Oxlade Drive, New Farm Brisbane, Queensland. It is Brisbane’s second residential high rise and designed in the Modernist style. It is the first completely prefabricated concrete residential high-rise in the Southern Hemisphere.

text:
# Glenfalloch Apartments

**Glenfalloch Apartments** (1962) is a heritage-listed multi-storey residential building at 172 Oxlade Drive, New Farm Brisbane, Queensland. It is Brisbane’s second residential high rise and designed in the Modernist style. It is the first completely prefabricated concrete residential high-rise in the Southern Hemisphere.

## History

Glenfalloch Apartments is a residential building designed by Lund, Hutton, Newell, Black and Paulsen and completed in 1962 at a cost of £750,000.. It was developed by Stanley Korman and built by J.D Booker Constructions, who also developed Kinkabool in Surfers Paradise. It overlooks the Brisbane River. The site was previously the home of the Merthyr Bowls Club and Limbless Soldiers Bowl Club until it was sold. It was the first high rise in New Farm and Queensland’s second residential high-rise. It is the first completely prefabricated concrete residential high rise built in the Southern Hemisphere. It is listed on the Brisbane City Council Heritage Register.

Glenfalloch is 15 storeys tall, accessible via a lift and stairwells that protrude from its rectangular structure. It features two under building garages. It consists of 98 apartments, primarily two bedroom units, with penthouses on the top and one bedroom units on each side of its structure. To safeguard the building from flood, each of its two driveways leading to the garages have two metre high side walls. The apartments face north to take advantage of solar benefits, rather than river views.

All Directors of the Architectural Practice worked on the design; however, Peter Newell’s climate responsive expertise contributed greatly to the livability. The original plans of the building evidence extensive consideration given to solar shading in regards to the siting of the building on the block as well as the glazing. The building was designed to be long and thin without windows to the East or West, in order to deflect direct sunlight. The most important rooms in the majority of units face North (they overlook New Farm instead of the Brisbane River). The long thin design and siting of the building on the block is notable because it facilitates the most important rooms in the majority of units to be flooded in natural light and obtain airflow. The sought after one bedroom unit types A and G, as well as Penthouses A and B, face the Brisbane River as well as New Farm. Because of its design the building is passively cool in summer and passively warm in winter. Albeit, the siting is not at its most optimal in this regard, most likely because the length of the building was required to align with Oxlade Drive instead of face perfect North.

It is likely Theodore Hutton was most influential in choosing the interior fixtures and fittings.

It is unique in that 60% of the land on which it sits is dedicated garden and outdoor living space leading to the river.

Modern improvements to the façade include new glazed aluminium, new windows, doors and balustrades. During the 1974 and 2011 floods which affected Brisbane, owners of the home units utilised a flood deflection barrier system devised and made onsite prior to 1974, as well as sandbagged the garage and driveway areas preventing the flooding of lower level apartments.

The garden was designed by renowned Landscape Architect, Arne Fink, an early adopter of using native plants in residential landscapes. The garden cost approximately £1500.

Plans of the designs for Glenfalloch are held in the University of Queensland Fryer Library.

## Further reading

27°28′27″S 153°02′35″E / 27.4742°S 153.0430°E / -27.4742; 153.0430 (Glenfalloch Apartments)


title: Old Princes Highway (Victoria)

abstract: Old Princes Highway is a collection of roads, described as any part of an earlier route designated as Princes Highway, located in Victoria, Australia. Sections of the road run through Geelong, Werribee, and through the outer fringes of south-eastern Melbourne eventually to Morwell East. In the time since their de-listing as Princes Highway, many former sections have since been renamed, or have devolved to their original names.

text:
# Old Princes Highway (Victoria)

**Old Princes Highway** is a collection of roads, described as any part of an earlier route designated as Princes Highway, located in Victoria, Australia. Sections of the road run through Geelong, Werribee, and through the outer fringes of south-eastern Melbourne eventually to Morwell East. In the time since their de-listing as Princes Highway, many former sections have since been renamed, or have devolved to their original names.

## Route

### West

Princes Highway (West) runs from the interstate border with South Australia through western Victoria all the way to the western suburbs of Melbourne, with some towns along this route later bypassed. Old Princes Highway, consisting of former sections of Princes Highway, include: through greater Geelong (from Waurn Ponds to Corio), bypassed by Geelong Ring Road and now allocated route A10; and through Werribee (from Cocoroc to Hoppers Crossing), bypassed by Maltby Bypass and now allocated route C109. One last section runs through western suburban Melbourne, from the interchange with West Gate Freeway and Western Ring Road in Laverton North to Flemington, signposted as both Princes Highway and Geelong Road, but this is still officially gazetted as Princes Highway (West), and the former alignment through central Melbourne was eventually re-declared as their own separate constituent parts.

### East

Princes Highway (East) runs from central Melbourne through eastern Victoria all the way to the interstate border with New South Wales, with many of the towns along this route, particularly through Gippsland, later bypassed by sections of Princes Freeway. This first section runs through south-eastern suburban Melbourne, from the intersection with King and Flinders Streets in the Melbourne CBD to the interchange with Monash and Princes Freeways in Narre Warren, signposted as both Princes Highway and Dandenong Road, but is still officially gazetted as Princes Highway (East). Old Princes Highway includes: from Berwick through Beaconsfield and Pakenham to Nar Nar Goon and now allocated route C101; through Drouin and Warragul and more commonly known as Princes Way, now allocated route C102; through Moe and Newborough (along what is now Lloyd Street and Narracan Drive) as route C103, then descending into the La Trobe Valley through the Haunted Hills, along what is now Haunted Hills Road, passed almost due west through what is now the Yallourn Open Cut Mine to join today's Morwell Bridge Road at the Morwell River, and from there, through Morwell along what is now Princes Drive and now allocated route C104.

The first improvements to the route came in the late 1950s when the expansion of the Yallourn open cut necessitated the relocation of the highway. The CRB took this opportunity to provide a high standard access-controlled alignment as well as a bypass of Moe. The first section of the new highway opened in 1959/60 as a single carriageway super-2 expressway between Hernes Oak and the Morwell River. Following in December 1964 was a westerly extension of the super-2 highway from Hernes Oak to Gunns Gully (Newborough) and the Moe Bypass completed the new route - opening in early 1967. The section between Gunns Gully and Hernes Oak inherited the "Haunted Hills" nickname that applied to the original highway between Newborough and Hernes Oak. Duplication of the Moe-Morwell section was commenced after the opening of the Moe Bypass and completed west to Gunns Gully in 1971 and to the western side of Moe in 1979.

It is anticipated that with the future completion of the Traralgon bypass that a new section of the highway will become superseded from the original Highway 1.

## History

As a named route, the highway came into being when pre-existing roads were renamed **Prince's Highway** after the planned visit to Australia by the Prince of Wales (later to become king Edward VIII and, after abdicating, the Duke of Windsor) in 1920. The original submissions in January 1920 were in order for the Prince to have the opportunity during his visit to make the trip from Melbourne to Sydney overland along the route. That idea never came to fruition, but the prince did give his permission for the naming. The Victorian section of the highway had an opening ceremony when the first section of road from Melbourne was opened on 10 August 1920 in Warragul.

Approval was later given by the Victorian executive in January 1922 to extend the highway west from Melbourne through Geelong, Camperdown, Warrnambool and Portland to the South Australian border. The passing of the *Highways and Vehicles Act of 1924* through the Parliament of Victoria provided for the declaration of State Highways, roads two-thirds financed by the State government through the Country Roads Board (later VicRoads). Prince's Highway was declared a State Highway on 1 July 1925, traversing the whole length of the State from its western boundary near Mount Gambier in South Australia, through Port Fairy, Warrnambool, Geelong to Melbourne, through Dandenong, Warragul, Sale, Bairnsdale and Orbost to the eastern boundary of the state towards Eden in New South Wales (for a total of 540 miles).

The passing of the *Road Management Act 2004* through the Parliament of Victoria granted the responsibility of overall management and development of Victoria's major arterial roads to VicRoads: VicRoads re-declared the road in 2010 as **Princes Highway West** (Arterial #6500), beginning at the state border with South Australia to Geelong, then from Altona North to Parkville; and in 2008 as **Princes Highway East** (Arterial #6510), beginning at the Melbourne CBD to Narre Warren, then through Yarragon, Trafalgar and Morwell, the from Morwell to the state border with New South Wales.

Portions of both the western and eastern section of Princes Highway have further devolved with their own classification and names: the section through Geelong (from Waurn Ponds to Corio) was re-declared in 2012 as **Corio–Waurn Ponds Road** (Arterial #6800) (following the opening of Geelong Ring Road); the section through Werribee (from Cocoroc to Hoppers Crossing) was re-declared in 2004 as **Werribee Main Road** (Arterial #5445); the section through outer south-eastern Melbourne (from Berwick to Nar Nar Goon) was re-declared in 2004 as **Berwick-Beaconsfield Road** (Arterial #5163) and in 2007 as **Beaconsfield-Nar Nar Goon Road** (Arterial #6460); the section through Drouin and Warragul (signposted as Princes Way) was re-declared in 2004 as **Drouin–Warragul Road** (Arterial #5594); the section through Moe (signposted as Lloyd Street and Narracan Drive) was re-declared in 2004 as part of **Moe-Glengarry Road** (Arterial #5539); and the section through Morwell (signposted as Princes Drive) was re-declared in 2004 as part of **Morwell-Traralgon Road** (Arterial #5921).

The former alignment of Princes Highway through central Melbourne from Parkville to the southern border of the CBD – along **Flemington Road** (Arterial #5044), **Harker Street** (Arterial #5026), **Curzon Street** (Arterial #5027), and **King Street** (Arterial #5041), – devolved back to their own identities in 2004, no longer part of Princes Highway but not referenced as Old Princes Highway.

### Former route numbers

Old Princes Highway has many former route allocations including former National Route 1; its routing through Melbourne and along present sections of Princes Highway have been included for sake of completion. Where and when the former route numbers were implemented are stated below.

*through Waurn Ponds:*

* National Route 1 (1955–1997)
* A1 (1997–2013)
* unallocated: (2013–present)

*Waurn Ponds – Corio:*

* National Route 1 (1955–1997)
* M1 (1997–2009)
* A10 (2009–present)

*Cocoroc – Hoppers Crossing:*

* National Route 1 (1955–1961)
* unallocated: (1961–1998)
* C109 (1997–present)

*Brooklyn – North Melbourne:*

* National Route 1 (1955–1978)
* Alt National Route 1 (1978–1988)
* Metro Route 83 (1988–present)

*North Melbourne – Parkville:*

* National Route 1 (1955–1978)
* Alt National Route 1 (1978–1988)
* National Route 79 (1988–2013)
* Metro Route 60 (2013–present)

*Parkville – Hallam:*

* National Route 1 (1955–1988)
* Alt National Route 1 (1988–present)

*Hallam – Narre Warren:*

* National Route 1 (1955–1997)
* M1 (1997–2003)
* Alt National Route 1 (2003–present)

*Berwick – Beaconsfield:*

* National Route 1 (1955–1983)
* unallocated: (1983–1997)
* C101 (1997–present)

*Beaconsfield – Nar Nar Goon:*

* National Route 1 (1955–1997)
* M1 (1997–2007)
* C101 (2007–present)

*Drouin – Nilma:*

* National Route 1 (1955–1981)
* unallocated: (1981–1997)
* C102 (1997–present)

*Moe – Newborough:*

* National Route 1 (1955–1969)
* unallocated: (1969–1997)
* C103 (1997–present)

*Morwell – East Morwell:*

* National Route 1 (1955–1992)
* unallocated: (1992–1997)
* C104 (1997–present)

## Major intersections

### Waurn Ponds–Corio

| Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Corio |  |  | Princes Freeway (M1/Tourist Route 21)  Melbourne, Avalon Airport |  |
| |  |  | Forest Road South (C114)  Lara |  |
| |  |  | Station Street (C116) |  |
| CorioNorlane boundary |  |  | Bacchus Marsh Road (C704 north)  Bacchus Marsh
Cox Road (C136 west)  Bell Park, Bell Post Hill, Lovely Banks
St. Georges Road (east) |  |
| Norlane |  |  | The Boulevard (C116 west)  Norlane
North Shore Road (C116 east)  North Shore |  |
| North Geelong |  |  | Separation Street (C117)  Bell Park |  |
| |  |  | Corio Quay Road (C115)  North Shore, Corio |  |
| Geelong CBD |  |  | Church Street (A300)  North Geelong, Ballarat |  |
| |  |  | Aberdeen Street (B140 west)  Geelong West, Hamilton
Ryrie Street (C123 east)  East Geelong, Portarlington |  |
| |  |  | McKillop Street (B110)  East Geelong, Queenscliff |  |
| South Geelong |  |  | West Fyans Street (C112 west)  Newtown
Fyans Street (C112 east)  South Geelong |  |
| Belmont |  |  | Barwon Heads Road (C121)  Barwon Heads |  |
| |  |  | Breakwater Road (C124)  Breakwater |  |
| |  |  | Surf Coast Highway (B100/Tourist Route 21)  Torquay |  |
| HightonGrovedale boundary |  |  | South Valley Road (C133)  Highton
Pioneer Road (C133)  Grovedale |  |
| HightonGrovedaleWaurn Ponds tripoint |  |  | Geelong Ring Road (M1)  Melbourne |  |
| Waurn Ponds |  |  | Geelong Ring Road (M1)  Colac |  |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
* Route transition | | | | | |

### Cocoroc–Hoppers Crossing

This section is entirely contained within the City of Wyndham local government area.

| Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Princes Freeway (M1)  Melbourne |  |
|  |  | Old Geelong Road (C701)  Williams Landing |  |
|  |  | Derrimut Road (C702)  Truganina |  |
|  |  | Sneydes Road  Point Cook |  |
|  |  | Tarneit Road  Tarneit |  |
|  |  | Duncans Road (C108/Tourist Route 11)  Werribee South |  |
|  |  | Werribee Street North (C703)  Werribee |  |
|  |  | Princes Freeway (M1)  Melbourne, Geelong |  |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
* Route transition | | | | | |

### Laverton North–Southbank

| LGA | Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Kings Way (Alt National Route 1) – Dandenong |  |
|  |  | CityLink (M1 east)  Dandenong |  |
|  |  | Moray Street |  |
|  |  | Whiteman Street |  |
|  |  | Flinders Street (Metro Route 30) |  |
|  |  | Flinders Lane |  |
|  |  | Collins Street |  |
|  |  | Little Collins Street |  |
|  |  | Bourke Street |  |
|  |  | Little Bourke Street |  |
|  |  | Lonsdale Street |  |
|  |  | Little Lonsdale Street |  |
|  |  | La Trobe Street |  |
|  |  | Dudley Street (Metro Routes 32/55) |  |
|  |  | Hawke Street |  |
|  |  | Victoria Street |  |
|  |  | Queensberry Street |  |
|  |  | Arden Street |  |
|  |  | Flemington Road (Metro Route 60) |  |
|  |  | Abbotsford Street |  |
|  |  | Elliott Avenue (Metro Route 83)  Parkville
Flemington Road (Metro Route 60)  Flemington |  |
|  |  | Boundary Road, Travancore, North Melbourne |  |
|  |  | CityLink (M2) Docklands, Port Melbourne |  |
|  |  | Stubbs Street  Kensington |  |
|  |  | Racecourse Road, Ascot Vale |  |
|  |  | Epsom Road (Metro Route 35), Kensington, Ascot Vale |  |
|  |  | Moore Street (Metro Route 35) |  |
|  |  | Ballarat Road (Metro Route 8) |  |
|  |  | Droop Street |  |
|  |  | Barkly Street |  |
|  |  | Gordon Street (Metro Route 37) |  |
|  |  | Buckley Street (Metro Route 32) |  |
|  |  | Geelong Street (Metro Route 37) |  |
|  |  | Somerville Road (Metro Route 50 east) |  |
|  |  | Millers Road (Metro Route 41 south)
Francis Street (east) |  |
|  |  | McDonald Road (Metro Routes 39/41) |  |
|  |  | Grieve Parade (Metro Route 39) |  |
|  |  | Little Boundary Road |  |
|  |  | Princes Freeway (M1), Geelong |  |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
* Route transition | | | | | |

### Southbank–Narre Warren

| LGA | Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Casey | Narre WarrenBerwick boundary | 0 | 0.0 | Princes Highway (C101 east)  Berwick |  |
| | | | Princes Freeway (M1 southeast), Warragul
Monash Freeway (M1 northwest) – City | Diamond interchange |
| | Narre Warren | 1.2 | 0.75 | Narre Warren North Road (C404 north)  Belgrave
Narre Warren–Cranbourne Road (C404 south)  Cranbourne |  |
| | Hallam | 4.9 | 3.0 | Hallam South Road (south)  Hallam
Belgrave–Hallam Road (B675 north)  Endeavour Hills |  |
| CaseyGreater Dandenong boundary | Dandenong SouthHallamEumemmerring tripoint | 6.7 | 4.2 | South Gippsland Freeway (M420) – City, Hastings | Diamond interchange |
| Greater Dandenong | DandenongDandenong South boundary | 9 | 5.6 | South Gippsland Highway  Phillip Island |  |
| | Dandenong | 9.8 | 6.1 | Frankston–Dandenong Road (Metro Route 9)  Frankston |  |
| | 10.7 | 6.6 | Foster Street (Metro Route 9 east)  Rowville
Foster Street (Metro Route 10 west)  Mentone |  |
| | 13.6 | 8.5 | To  Heatherton Road (Metro Route 14)  Noble Park, Endeavour Hills |  |
| | Dandenong NorthDandenongNoble ParkNoble Park North quadripoint | 13.8 | 8.6 | EastLink (M3)  Ringwood, Frankston | Diamond interchange |
| MonashGreater Dandenong boundary | MulgraveSpringvale boundary | 18.9 | 11.7 | Police Road (Metro Route 16 east)  Mulgrave
Centre Road (Metro Route 16 west)  Brighton East | Springvale Junction |
| | | 19 | 12 | | Springvale Road (Metro Route 40)  Springvale, Glen Waverley |
| | ClaytonSpringvale boundary | 20.4 | 12.7 | Westall Road (Metro Route 49)  Springvale South |  |
| Monash | Clayton | 20.9 | 13.0 | Blackburn Road (Metro Route 13)  Blackburn |  |
| | | 22.2 | 13.8 | Wellington Road (Metro Route 18 east)  Rowville
North Road (Metro Route 18 west)  Oakleigh |  |
| | ClaytonOakleigh East boundary |  |  | Clayton Road (Metro Route 23)  Clayton, Burwood |  |
| | OakleighOakleigh EastHuntingdale tripoint |  |  | Huntingdale Road (Metro Route 47)  Huntingdale |  |
| | OakleighOakleigh East boundary |  |  | Ferntree Gully Road (Metro Route 22)  Ferntree Gully | Concurrency with Metro Route 22 |
| MonashStonnington boundary | OakleighMalvern EastHughesdale tripoint |  | |  | Warrigal Road (Metro Route 15) |
| Glen EiraStonnington boundary | CarnegieMalvern EastMurrumbeena tripoint |  | |  | Murrumbeena Road (Metro Route 22 south)
Belgrave Road |
| | Caulfield EastMalvern EastCarnegie tripoint |  |  | Grange Road (Metro Route 17) | Concurrency with Metro Route 17 |
| | Caulfield EastMalvern East boundary |  | |  | Burke Road (Metro Route 17) |
| | Caulfield NorthMalvern boundary |  |  | Glenferrie Road (Metro Route 19 north)  Hawthorn | Concurrency with Metro Route 19 |
| |  |  | | Hawthorn Road (Metro Route 19 south)  Caulfield |
| Port PhillipStonnington boundary | St Kilda EastPrahranWindsor tripoint |  |  | Hotham Street (Metro Route 25 south)
Williams Road (Metro Route 25 north) |  |
| | St KildaWindsor boundary |  |  | Chapel Street |  |
| |  |  | St Kilda Road (Metro Route 3)
Punt Road (Metro Route 29) |  |
| Port Phillip | Melbourne CBDAlbert Park boundary |  |  | Lorne Street (Metro Route 24) |  |
| | Melbourne CBD |  |  | Toorak Road (Metro Route 26 east)  Toorak | Concurrency with Metro Route 26 |
| | Melbourne CBDSouth Melbourne boundary |  | |  | Albert Road (Metro Route 26 west) |
| Port PhillipMelbourne boundary | Southbank |  |  | West Gate Freeway (M1), Geelong
CityLink (M1), Dandenong |  |
| | |  |  | Kings Way (Metro Route 60) – City |  |

### Berwick–Nar Nar Goon

| LGA | Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Cardinia | Nar Nar Goon | 0 | 0.0 | Princes Freeway (M1 east)  Warragul |  |
| | | | Princes Freeway (M1 west) – Melbourne
Nar Nar Goon Connection Road  Nar Nar Goon |  |
| | Pakenham | 6.1 | 3.8 | Racecourse Road (C422)  Koo Wee Rup |  |
| | 7.7 | 4.8 | **C695** McGregor Road (C695)  Rythdale |  |
| | 8.6 | 5.3 | Pakenham Road (C411)  Healesville |  |
| | Officer | 11.4 | 7.1 | Cardinia Road (C417)  Cardinia |  |
| | Beaconsfield | 16.5 | 10.3 | O'Shea Road (A17/B668)  Hampton Park |  |
| | 18.3 | 11.4 | Beaconsfield-Emerald Road (C406)  Emerald |  |
| Casey | Berwick | 20.8 | 12.9 | Clyde Road (C407 south)  Clyde
Lyall Road (Metro Route 61 north)  Harkaway |  |
| | | 22.8 | 14.2 | Monash Freeway (M1 northeast)  Melbourne
Princes Freeway (M1 southeast)  Warragul |  |
| | | Princes Highway (Alt National Route 1 west)  Dandenong |  |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
* Route transition | | | | | |

### Drouin–Nilma

| LGA | Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Princes Freeway (M1)  Traralgon, Melbourne |  |
|  |  | Bloomfield Road |  |
|  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Princes Freeway (M1)  Traralgon, Melbourne |  |
|  |  | Main South Road (C431) |  |
|  |  | Main Neerim Road (C426) |  |
|  |  | Wellwood Road (C433) |  |
|  |  | Princes Freeway (M1)  Melbourne, Warragul |  |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
* Route transition | | | | | |

### Moe–Newborough

| LGA | Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Princes Highway (M1)  Traralgon |  |
|  |  | Old Gippsland Drive – Melbourne via  Princes Freeway (M1) |  |
|  |  | Anzac Street |  |
|  |  | John Field Drive (C103) |  |
|  |  | Princes Freeway (M1)  Melbourne, Traralgon |  |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
* Route transition | | | | | |

### Morwell

| LGA | Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Princes Freeway (M1)  Sale |  |
|  |  | Traralgon-Maffra Road (C105) |  |
|  |  | Grey Street (C477) |  |
|  |  | Shakespeare Street (C482) |  |
|  |  | Tramway Road (C474) | Concurrency with C474 |
|  |  | | Alexanders Road (C474) |
|  |  | Monash Way (C456) |  |
|  |  | Commercial Road (C475) |  |
|  |  | Commercial Road (B460) |  |
|  |  | Princes Freeway (M1) – Melbourne |  |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
* Route transition | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Old Princes Highway
(numerous constituent roads)
Victoria | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Old Princes Highway, Footscray | |
| General information | |
| Type | Road |
| Opened | 10 August 1920 (1920-08-10) |
| Route number(s) | * A10 (2009–present)
(Waurn Ponds–Corio) * C109 (1998–present)
(Cocoroc–Hoppers Crossing) * C101 (1997–present)
(Berwick–Nar Nar Goon) * C102 (1997–present)
(Drouin–Nilma) * C103 (1997–present)
(Moe–Newborough) * C104 (1997–present)
(through Morwell) |
| Former
route number | see Former route allocations |
| Tourist routes | Tourist Route 21
(Belmont–Corio) |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | **Geelong Ring Road**
Waurn Ponds, Victoria |
|  |  |
| East end | **Princes Highway**
Morwell, Victoria |
| Location(s) | |
| Major suburbs | Belmont, Geelong, Corio, Werribee, Hoppers Crossing, Beaconsfield, Pakenham, Drouin, Warragul, Moe, Morwell |


title: Gianfranco Bortolotti

abstract: Gianfranco Bortolotti is an Italian electronic music producer and manager of Media Records and Media Studio. He was a member of Cappella, and 49ers who had several hits, and Fits of Gloom, who had a UK No. 47 hit with "Heaven" and a UK No. 49 hit with "The Power of Love" featuring Lizzy Mack. In the United States, he scored a No. 1 single on Billboard's Dance Club Songs chart with "Deep in My Heart" as a member of the group Clubhouse in 1991. Originally becoming a DJ to supplement his university days, he helped distribute records for DJ Pierre and after scoring a few minor hits, re-invested money back into Media Records. The success of Media enabled him to invest in at least ten different studios, producing hits at a sweatshop pace.

text:
# Gianfranco Bortolotti

**Gianfranco Bortolotti** (Italian pronunciation: \[dʒaɱˈfraŋko bortoˈlɔtti\]; born 2 May 1959) is an Italian electronic music producer and manager of Media Records and Media Studio. He was a member of Cappella, and 49ers who had several hits, and Fits of Gloom, who had a UK No. 47 hit with "Heaven" and a UK No. 49 hit with "The Power of Love" featuring Lizzy Mack. In the United States, he scored a No. 1 single on *Billboard's* Dance Club Songs chart with "Deep in My Heart" as a member of the group Clubhouse in 1991.

Originally becoming a DJ to supplement his university days, he helped distribute records for DJ Pierre and after scoring a few minor hits, re-invested money back into Media Records. The success of Media enabled him to invest in at least ten different studios, producing hits at a sweatshop pace.

## InfoBox

| Gianfranco Bortolotti | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1959-05-02) 2 May 1959<br>Brescia, Italy |
| Genres | Italo house |
| Years active | Late 1980s–early 1990s |


title: 38th Street/Washington station

abstract: 38th Street/Washington is a light rail station on Valley Metro Rail in Phoenix, Arizona, United States. It is the twelfth stop westbound and the seventeenth stop eastbound on the initial 20-mile (32 km) starter line. This station is a park and ride station.

text:
# 38th Street/Washington station

**38th Street/Washington** (also known as **GateWay Community College**) is a light rail station on Valley Metro Rail in Phoenix, Arizona, United States. It is the twelfth stop westbound and the seventeenth stop eastbound on the initial 20-mile (32 km) starter line. This station is a park and ride station.

## Ridership

Weekday Rail Passengers
| Year | In | Out | Average Daily In | Average Daily Out |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2009 | 71,660 | 72,731 | 282 | 286 |
| 2010 | 72,139 | 76,969 | 285 | 304 |

## Notable places nearby

## InfoBox

| 38th St/Washington | |
| --- | --- |
| Valley Metro Rail light rail station | |
| The station in December 2008 | |
| General information | |
| Other names | GateWay Community College |
| Location | Washington Street and 38th Street, Phoenix, Arizona<br>United States |
| Coordinates | 33°26′53″N 112°0′0″W / 33.44806°N 112.00000°W / 33.44806; -112.00000 |
| Owned by | Valley Metro |
| Operated by | Valley Metro Rail |
| Line(s) | Central Phoenix/East Valley Light Rail Line |
| Platforms | 1 island platform |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Connections | Valley Metro Bus: 1, 32, |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | At-grade |
| Parking | 189 spaces |
| Accessible |  |
| Other information | |
| Station code | 10017 |
| History | |
| Opened | December 27, 2008 (2008-12-27) |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Valley Metro Following station  24th Street/ Washingtontowards Metro Parkway  Valley Metro Rail  44th Street/ Washingtontowards Gilbert Road/Main Street  24th Street/ JeffersonOne-way operation | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |


title: Pennsylvania Punch Bowl

abstract: The Pennsylvania Punch Bowl, also known colloquially as the Punch Bowl, is a humor magazine published by students at the University of Pennsylvania. The magazine was founded in 1899.

text:
# Pennsylvania Punch Bowl

The ***Pennsylvania Punch Bowl***, also known colloquially as the *Punch Bowl*, is a humor magazine published by students at the University of Pennsylvania. The magazine was founded in 1899.

## History

The *Punch Bowl* was founded in 1899 by members of Mask and Wig and the Philomathean Society, making it one of the oldest college humor magazines in the United States. The founders were Daniel Martin Karcher and Edward Burwell Rich.

The magazine was intermittently published during the twentieth century, appearing in only 70 of the 100 years from 1899 to 1999. The magazine is currently printed three to four times a year, coming out each semester and when the new students arrive in the fall. In its earliest days, the *Punch Bowl* rivaled the *Daily Pennsylvanian*, an all-around daily student newspaper, and *Red and Blue*, which contained a mix of news and literary essays. During this time, the *Punch Bowl* was distributed in local high schools and leading hotels in Philadelphia and in about a dozen other cities on the East Coast. Since its establishment, the *Pennsylvania Punch Bowl* has termed its members "spoons." In 1930, members were split into "art spoons," "business spoons," and "editorial spoons"; now members are either "little" or "big" spoons depending on their seniority.

In fall 2006, the *Punch Bowl* created a new website, which adds new humor pieces every day. In addition to its regular set of student columnists, the *Punch Bowl* features new contributors each Wednesday. Recurring pieces in the magazine and website include "Letter from Amy Gutmann" and "March Madness Voting."

In answer to a question about his advice for the young, University of Pennsylvania alumnus Ezra Pound refers to the *Punch Bowl* in a 1962 issue of *The Paris Review*: "In fact the University of Pennsylvania student *Punch Bowl* used to have as its motto, 'Any damn fool can be spontaneous.'"

## Issues

| Issue | Year | Season |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The Spring Break Issue | 2021 | Spring |
| The Apocalypse Issue | 2020 | Winter |
| The 2020 Election Issue | 2020 | Fall |
| The P-Files: The Conspiracy Mini-Issue | 2020 | Spring |
| The National Geographic Issue | 2019 | Fall |
| The Dating Issue | 2019 | Summer |
| PennMD: The Medicine Issue | 2019 | Spring |
| BRO·GUE: The Fashion Issue | 2018 | Fall |
| Punch Bowl's Believe It Or Not! | 2018 | Summer |
| Punch Bowl 3018 | 2018 | Spring |
| The Highlights Issue | 2017 | Winter |
| The Business Issue | 2017 | Spring |
| The 100 Days Issue | 2017 | Spring |
| The Election Issue | 2016 | Fall |
| The Lifestyle Issue | 2016 | Spring |
| The Science Issue | 2016 | Spring |
| The 90s Issue | 2015 | Winter |
| The NSO Issue | 2015 | Fall |
| Arts & Culture Issue | 2015 | Spring |
| The Musings Issue | 2015 | Winter |
| The NSO Issue | 2014 | Fall |
| Food Issue | 2014 | Spring |
| Travel Issue | 2014 | Spring |
| The Web Issue | 2014 | Winter |
| Freshman Number | 1985 | Spring |
| Fear and Anxiety | 1985 | Fall |
| Travel Number | 1984 | Fall |
| Punch Bowl's Definitive Guide to Youth | 1984 | Winter |
| Pennhouse | 1984 | Winter |
| Exam Issue | 1959 | Winter |

## Controversy

As a satire magazine pushing the envelope of what is deemed fit for publishing, the *Punch Bowl* has found itself at the center of some controversies. As Charles A. Wright, a member of the editorial staff in the early 1920s, noted: “Part of our planning for an issue was to pick a title that, combined with the cover drawing, would create a ‘racy’ effect. ... Our jokes dealt mostly with campus subjects, such as freshmen, football, absent-minded professors, and coeds; and current events, including the beginning of Prohibition, the wearing of knickers, and the popularity of a dance called ‘The Toddle.’”

In 1939, ten *Punch Bowl* editors were suspended for the printing of ribald humor, causing small riots near 37th and Spruce Streets. Some suspect the *Penn vs. Cornell* football game may also have magnified the mass student disturbances.

The Winter 2008 Issue - "The ~~Racism~~ Diversity Issue" - attracted attention and created a minor debate on campus because of pieces inside that certain student groups saw as unfairly targeting or aiming a disproportionate number of jokes at certain groups., The University's campus newspaper later criticized these student groups for their overreaction to the issue. To assuage the offended parties and poke fun at the ordeal, the *Punch Bowl* called their Spring 2008 issue "43% less racist."

## Alumni

* Ezra Pound, American poet who was a major figure in the modernism movement
* John Valentine Lovitt, an accomplished lawyer who served in the Navy during World War I and as Expert on International Security Affairs during World War II; served as Editor-in-Chief
* Morton Livingston Schamberg, an American Modernist painter and photographer; served as frequent contributor of illustrations for the magazine
* Leo Yanoff, judge of the Essex County Superior Court; served on the editorial board

## InfoBox

*Pennsylvania Punch Bowl*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Editor | Isabella Schlact (2021-) |
| Editor | Sophie Qi (2021-) |
| Editor | Jing Jing Piriyalertsak (2021-) |
| Categories | Satirical Magazine |
| Frequency | Triannual |
| Circulation | 5,000 |
| Publisher | University of Pennsylvania – SAC |
| First issue | 1899 |
| Country | United States |
| Based in | Philadelphia |
| Language | English |
| Website | www.ThePunchBowl.net |


title: Périssac

abstract: Périssac is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

text:
# Périssac

**Périssac** (French pronunciation: \[peʁisak\]) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 588 |  |
| 1968 | 621 | +5.6% |
| 1975 | 642 | +3.4% |
| 1982 | 719 | +12.0% |
| 1990 | 864 | +20.2% |
| 1999 | 877 | +1.5% |
| 2008 | 1,051 | +19.8% |

## InfoBox

| Périssac | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| War memorial | |
| Location of Périssac | |
| PérissacPérissac | |
| Coordinates: 45°01′11″N 0°19′22″W / 45.0197°N 0.3228°W / 45.0197; -0.3228 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine |
| Department | Gironde |
| Arrondissement | Libourne |
| Canton | Le Nord-Gironde |
| Intercommunality | Fronsadais |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Valérie Vigier |
| Area**1** | 12.16 km2 (4.70 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 1,186 |
| Density | 98/km2 (250/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 33317 /33240 |
| Elevation | 7–59 m (23–194 ft)
(avg. 56 m or 184 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Whitton, Shropshire

abstract: Whitton is a hamlet and civil parish in Shropshire, England. It is situated east of Caynham and the market town of Ludlow is 5.2 miles (8.4 km) away. There is a parish church in the hamlet. Whitton Court is a grade I listed manor house dating from 1611, previously the home of Lord Mayor of London Sebastian Harvey, and members of the Charlton family. The Norman village church, St Mary The Virgin, is notable for stained-glass by Sir Edward Burne-Jones and Morris & Co. of c. 1893 and 1912 in the east window.

text:
# Whitton, Shropshire

**Whitton** is a hamlet and civil parish in Shropshire, England.

It is situated east of Caynham and the market town of Ludlow is 5.2 miles (8.4 km) away. There is a parish church in the hamlet.

Whitton Court is a grade I listed manor house dating from 1611, previously the home of Lord Mayor of London Sebastian Harvey, and members of the Charlton family.

The Norman village church, St Mary The Virgin, is notable for stained-glass by Sir Edward Burne-Jones and Morris & Co. of *c.* 1893 and 1912 in the east window.

## InfoBox

| Whitton | |
| --- | --- |
| House in Whitton | |
| WhittonLocation within Shropshire | |
| Population | 239 (2011) |
| OS grid reference | SO575725 |
| Civil parish | * Whitton |
| Unitary authority |  |
| Ceremonial county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Ludlow |
| Postcode district | SY8 |
| Dialling code | 01584 |
|  | |
| Police | West Mercia |
| Fire | Shropshire |
| Ambulance | West Midlands |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Queens, West Virginia

abstract: Queens is an unincorporated community in Upshur County, West Virginia, United States.

text:
# Queens, West Virginia

**Queens** is an unincorporated community in Upshur County, West Virginia, United States.

## Etymology

The community was named after Armstead Charles Queen, the proprietor of a local mill.

## InfoBox

| Queens | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| QueensLocation within the state of West VirginiaQueensQueens (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 38°51′25″N 80°8′12″W / 38.85694°N 80.13667°W / 38.85694; -80.13667 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | West Virginia |
| County | Upshur |
| Elevation | 1,946 ft (593 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| GNIS ID | 1555426 |


title: WQYK-FM

abstract: WQYK-FM is a commercial country music radio station in Tampa, Florida. It is under ownership of Beasley Broadcast Group. Its studios are in St. Petersburg while its transmitter is east of Palm River-Clair Mel.

text:
# WQYK-FM

**WQYK-FM** (99.5 MHz, currently branded **99.5 QYK**) is a commercial country music radio station in Tampa, Florida. It is under ownership of Beasley Broadcast Group. Its studios are in St. Petersburg (city of license) while its transmitter is east of Palm River-Clair Mel.

## History

WQYK signed on the air in May 1958 as WTCX, a 31,000-watt classical music station and the first Tampa Bay FM to introduce stereo sound. It originally broadcast from a tiny studio at the transmitter site at 5750 North Haines Road in St. Petersburg, Florida and was owned by Trans-Chord company. Today, the call sign belongs to a radio station in Wisconsin.

The call letters changed to the current WQYK-FM in 1972, and began its long running country format. Infinity Broadcasting would buy the station from Lake Huron Broadcasting in January 1987. Infinity would be renamed CBS Radio in December 2005.

On October 2, 2014, CBS Radio announced that it would trade all of their radio stations located in Charlotte and Tampa (including WQYK), as well as WIP in Philadelphia, to the Beasley Broadcast Group in exchange for 5 stations located in Miami and Philadelphia. The swap was completed on December 1, 2014. Shortly after the swap, the station branding was changed from "99.5 WQYK" to "99.5 QYK".

27°55′55″N 82°24′04″W / 27.932°N 82.401°W / 27.932; -82.401

## InfoBox

WQYK-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Tampa, Florida |
| Frequency | 99.5 MHz (HD Radio) |
| Branding | 99.5 QYK |
| Programming | |
| Format | Country |
| Subchannels | HD2: Country "NuTune Country" |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations | WPBB, WJBR, WLLD, WRBQ-FM, WYUU |
| History | |
| First air date | May 1958 (1958-05) (as WTCX) |
| Former call signs | WTCX (1958–1972) |
| Call sign meaning | tribute to former sister station WQIK in Jacksonville |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 28619 |
| Class | C1 |
| ERP | 100,000 watts |
| HAAT | 174 meters (571 ft) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | 995qyk.com |


title: New Henniker Bridge

abstract: New Henniker Bridge or New Bridge was a covered bridge in West Hopkinton, New Hampshire, which carried Henniker Road over the Contoocook River. The truss bridge was completed in 1863, and was the second bridge on the site. The original stone arch bridge was built in 1845 and was washed away by flood in 1852. The bridge was just over 20 feet (6.1 m) wide and 180 feet (55 m) long, and consisted of a single span supported by two triple lattice trusses resting on granite abutments. The patent drawings show an all-timber truss with fixed intersection angles in the center of the span. At the ends of the span the angles of the diagonals vary. The end post is vertical, and each brace further from it is sloped a little more. In 1935 the bridge had sustained damage during a flood and was repaired. The bridge was utilized until 1936 when a steel truss bridge was built adjoining it to the north and ready for traffic. The covered bridge was then destroyed.

text:
# New Henniker Bridge

**New Henniker Bridge** or **New Bridge** was a covered bridge in West Hopkinton, New Hampshire, which carried Henniker Road over the Contoocook River. The truss bridge was completed in 1863, and was the second bridge on the site. The original stone arch bridge was built in 1845 and was washed away by flood in 1852. The bridge was just over 20 feet (6.1 m) wide and 180 feet (55 m) long, and consisted of a single span supported by two triple lattice trusses resting on granite abutments. The patent drawings show an all-timber truss with fixed intersection angles in the center of the span. At the ends of the span the angles of the diagonals vary. The end post is vertical, and each brace further from it is sloped a little more.

In 1935 the bridge had sustained damage during a flood and was repaired. The bridge was utilized until 1936 when a steel truss bridge was built adjoining it to the north and ready for traffic. The covered bridge was then destroyed.

## InfoBox

| New Henniker Bridge<br>New Bridge | |
| --- | --- |
| View looking north west - Covered Bridge, Spanning Contoocook River, Hopkinton, NH | |
| Coordinates | 43°10′54″N 71°45′07″W / 43.181700°N 71.751880°W / 43.181700; -71.751880 |
| Crosses | Contoocook River |
| Named for | New road to Henniker, New Hampshire |
| Owner | Town of Hopkinton |
| Historic American Buildings Survey | HABS NH-30 |
| Website | www.loc.gov/pictures/item/nh0143/ |
| Preceded by | Stone arch bridge washed away in 1852 |
| Followed by | Steel truss bridge just north of it which is no longer in existence |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | Briggs Truss |
| Material | Stone piers |
| Trough construction | Wood lattice and arch |
| Total length | 180 ft. |
| Width | 20 ft. |
| Height | 22 ft. |
| No. of spans | 1 |
| History | |
| Constructed by | John C. Briggs |
| Construction start | 1863 |
| Construction cost | $2,500 |
| Rebuilt | 1935 |
| Closed | 1936 |
| Location | |
|  | |


title: Gmina Wierzbica, Masovian Voivodeship

abstract: Gmina Wierzbica is a rural gmina in Radom County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Wierzbica, which lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) south of Radom and 108 km (67 mi) south of Warsaw. The gmina covers an area of 93.97 square kilometres (36.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 10,093.

text:
# Gmina Wierzbica, Masovian Voivodeship

**Gmina Wierzbica** is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Radom County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Wierzbica, which lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) south of Radom and 108 km (67 mi) south of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 93.97 square kilometres (36.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 10,093.

## Villages

Gmina Wierzbica contains the villages and settlements of Błędów, Dąbrówka Warszawska, Łączany, Podgórki, Polany, Polany-Kolonia, Pomorzany, Pomorzany-Kolonia, Ruda Wielka, Rzeczków, Rzeczków-Kolonia, Stanisławów, Suliszka, Wierzbica, Wierzbica-Kolonia, Zalesice and Zalesice-Kolonia.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Wierzbica is bordered by the gminas of Iłża, Jastrząb, Kowala, Mirów, Mirzec, Orońsko and Skaryszew.

## InfoBox

| Gmina Wierzbica Wierzbica Commune | |
| --- | --- |
| Gmina | |
|  | |
| Coordinates (Wierzbica): 51°15′0″N 21°4′41″E / 51.25000°N 21.07806°E / 51.25000; 21.07806 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Masovian |
| County | Radom County |
| Seat | Wierzbica |
| Area | |
| Total | 93.97 km2 (36.28 sq mi) |
| Population (2006) | |
| Total | 10,093 |
| Density | 110/km2 (280/sq mi) |
| Website | http://www.wierzbica.pl |


title: Oil for the Lamps of China

abstract: Oil for the Lamps of China is a 1933 novel by Alice Tisdale Hobart which became a bestseller in 1934. It was originally published by Bobbs Merrill and reprinted by EastBridge in 2002 (ISBN 1891936085). The novel describes the life in China of a young executive in an American oil company from the early 1900s through the Nationalist Revolution of the 1920s. The young protagonist, Stephen Chase, is successful in understanding China and building business, but in the turmoil of China's Nationalist Revolution of the 1920s, he is betrayed by the company and by the new China which emerges. Hobart's husband was an executive for the Standard Oil Company. The novel was the basis of a 1935 film by the same name starring Pat O'Brien.

text:
# Oil for the Lamps of China

***Oil for the Lamps of China*** is a 1933 novel by Alice Tisdale Hobart which became a bestseller in 1934. It was originally published by Bobbs Merrill and reprinted by EastBridge in 2002 (ISBN 1891936085).

The novel describes the life in China of a young executive in an American oil company from the early 1900s through the Nationalist Revolution of the 1920s. The young protagonist, Stephen Chase, is successful in understanding China and building business, but in the turmoil of China's Nationalist Revolution of the 1920s, he is betrayed by the company and by the new China which emerges. Hobart's husband was an executive for the Standard Oil Company.

The novel was the basis of a 1935 film by the same name starring Pat O'Brien.

## Reception

The author Emily Hahn wrote in the Shanghai journal *T'ien Hsia* in the mid-1930s that "unfortunately" Hobart "seems to share a strange idea of the public’s that all persons whose skin-pigmentation differs from ours must use a bastard eighteenth-century Biblical sort of elocution." Hahn continues:

> I grant that her portrayal of Western business methods in contact with the East is excellent. Only, this insistence upon Chinese peculiarities is misleading, taking us away from the ultimate truth that these differences are traceable not to some occult inheritance, but to tradition and training and environment....
> This is a pity in Oil for the Lamps of China. Nobody else has given us such realistic portrayals of very familiar types; the amah, the house-boy, the manager’s wife, queen of the hong.

A review called the 2002 reprint "timely" because "the atmosphere which greets the foreign businessperson in coastal China today closely mirrors that of Shanghai in the 1930s," and that Hobart was "especially good at conveying that first-time Marco Polo-like feeling of discovery that China still communicates to the uninitiated Western sojourner." These insights are conveyed in "down-to-earth non-academic" language.

* Cochran, Sherman (2013). "Alice Tisdale Hobart's Dark Novel of American Capitalism and Chinese Revolution". *Journal of American-East Asian Relations*. **20** (1): 69–78. doi:10.1163/18765610-02001010.
* Hahn, Emily (1936). "The China Boom". *T'ien Hsia Reprinted China Heritage Quarterly #22 June 2010*.
* MacKinnon, Stephen R. (2004), "Review", *Pacific Affairs*, **77** (3): 568–570, JSTOR 40022931.
* T. Barrett, "Review," Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies  67.1 (February 2004), pp 124–126.

## InfoBox

Oil for the Lamps of China
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Alice Tisdale Hobart |
| Subject | American business in early 20th-century China |
| Set in | China |
| Published | 1933 |
| Publisher | Bobbs-Merrill, EastBridge |
| Publication date | 2002 |
| Publication place | United States |


title: Protorthoptera

abstract: The Protorthoptera are an extinct order of Palaeozoic insects, and represent a wastebasket taxon and paraphyletic assemblage of basal neoptera. They appear during the Middle Carboniferous, making them among the earliest known winged insects in the fossil record. Pronotal lobes may be expanded to form a shield. The group includes the ancestors of all other polyneopterous insects.

text:
# Protorthoptera

The **Protorthoptera** are an extinct order of Palaeozoic insects, and represent a wastebasket taxon and paraphyletic assemblage of basal neoptera. They appear during the Middle Carboniferous (late Serpukhovian or early Bashkirian), making them among the earliest known winged insects in the fossil record. Pronotal lobes may be expanded to form a shield. The group includes the ancestors of all other polyneopterous insects.

## Families and genera

**Protorthoptera**

* Carpenter, F. M. 1992. Superclass Hexapoda. Volume 3 of Part R, Arthropoda 4; *Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology*, Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America.
* Grimaldi, David & Engel, Michael S. (2005-05-16). *Evolution of the Insects*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-82149-5.

## InfoBox

| Protorthoptera
Temporal range: Middle Carboniferous | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Hadentomum americanum* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Cohort: | Polyneoptera |
| Order: | Protorthoptera
Handlirsch, 1906 |
|
| Families | |
| See text | |
| Synonyms | |
| * Cacurgida * Paraplecoptera * Protoblattodea * Protoblattoidea | |


title: Penn Club, London

abstract: The Penn Club was a private members' club in Bloomsbury in central London. It was established in 1920, and had strong bonds with the Quaker community. It closed in 2021. While it was affiliated with a private club, anyone was able to rent a room.

text:
# Penn Club, London

The **Penn Club** was a private members' club in Bloomsbury in central London. It was established in 1920, and had strong bonds with the Quaker community. It closed in 2021.

While it was affiliated with a private club, anyone was able to rent a room.

## Location

The club was housed in three Georgian houses at 21–23 Bedford Place, just off Russell Square. The Members Club is now situated within the auspices of The Royal Foundation of St. Katharine, 2 Butcher Row, Limehouse, London E14 8DS.

## History

The Penn Club was established in 1920 with surplus funds left over from the Friends Ambulance Unit, active during World War I. The club maintained a considerable collection of books and resources on Quaker traditions and customs.

On 31 January 2021 it was announced that after 101 years the Club would leave their Bloomsbury premises at the end of March in response to financial difficulties arising from the coronavirus pandemic. Following this the Club was invited to become a distinct entity under the auspices of The Royal Foundation of St Katharine, Limehouse, where it continues to thrive.

Members of the Penn club continue to enjoy a range of social activities and have the benefit of the larger premises with access to private gardens and a chapel in the historic retreat centre. The tradition of a common table continues so that members can still enjoy conversation over breakfast if they desire.

## Famous residents

The novelist John Wyndham and his fiancée lived there for several years.

51°31′14″N 0°7′30″W / 51.52056°N 0.12500°W / 51.52056; -0.12500


title: Pérola

abstract: Pérola is a municipality in the state of Paraná in the Southern Region of Brazil.

text:
# Pérola

**Pérola** is a municipality in the state of Paraná in the Southern Region of Brazil.

## InfoBox

| Pérola | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Coordinates: 23°48′13″S 53°40′53″W / 23.80361°S 53.68139°W / -23.80361; -53.68139 | |
| Country | Brazil |
| Region | Southern |
| State | Paraná |
| Mesoregion | Noroeste Paranaense |
| Population (2020 ) | |
| Total | 11,321 |
| Time zone | UTC−3 (BRT) |


title: Will You (P.O.D. song)

abstract: "Will You" is a song by American Christian metal band P.O.D. and the lead single from their fifth studio album, Payable on Death. Released on September 22, 2003, the song charted at No. 17 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart on December 2 that year.

text:
# Will You (P.O.D. song)

"**Will You**" is a song by American Christian metal band P.O.D. and the lead single from their fifth studio album, *Payable on Death.* Released on September 22, 2003, the song charted at No. 17 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart on December 2 that year.

## Composition

The band chose "Will You" as a lead single to demonstrate a new side both lyrically and musically as noted by MTV's Jon Wiederhorn:

"The surging rhythm and audible tension are instantly familiar, as is the bottom-heavy groove laid down by bassist Traa and drummer Wuv, but the technical guitar fills and rap-free vocals of Sonny Sandoval give the band a new vibe."

"Will You" features lyrics of anxiety and desperation amidst a turbulent and potentially crumbling relationship. Sandoval explained the song's nature in an interview:

"We always said we wanted to do something like that, but it just kinda turned darker than your average 'I love you' type of song. It's about sticking with the one you love and putting up with that person and being there through thick and thin."

## Music video

Shot in September 2003 in Los Angeles, the music video was directed by Marc Webb who also directed P.O.D.'s previous video. "Will You" carries the Christian message of turning the other cheek and deals with the problems faced by four adolescents with little in common. A young preppy girl is pressured into sex before being comforted by a punk rock girl; an interracial couple is harassed at a party; and a youth deals with an alcoholic mother. This is accompanied by sped-up footage of P.O.D. performing the song in a vacant lot.

## Track listing

1. "Will You (Album version)" - 3:48
2. "Will You (Chris Vrenna remix)" - 3:54
3. "Cain (Instrumental)" - 6:10

## Official versions

* "Will You" 3:47
* "Will You (Video/Radio Edit)" 3:44
* "Will You (Chris Vrenna Remix)" 3:56
* "Will You (Tommie Sunshine New Mix)" 6:27
* "Will You (Tommie Sunshine Original Remix) "5:37
* "Will You (Tommie Sunshine Special Original Gigolo Instrumental)" 5:37
* "Will You (Tommie Sunshine Forever Remix)" 5:09

## Charts

Chart performance for "Will You"
| Chart (2003–2004) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australia (ARIA) | 61 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 68 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 68 |
| US *Billboard* Mainstream Rock Tracks | 12 |
| US *Billboard* Modern Rock Tracks | 12 |

## InfoBox

| "Will You" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by P.O.D. | |
| from the album  *Payable on Death* | |
| Released | September 22, 2003 (rock radio)
December 2003 (pop radio) |
| Recorded | 2003 |
| Genre | Alternative metal |
| Length | 3:47 |
| Label | Atlantic |
| Songwriter(s) | Noah Bernardo, Traa Daniels, Sonny Sandoval, Jason Truby |
| Producer(s) | Howard Benson |
| P.O.D. singles chronology | |
| "Sleeping Awake"
(2003) "**Will You**"
(2003) "Change the World"
(2004) | |


title: Qinfeng, Jiangxi

abstract: Qinfeng is a town in Xinzhou District, Shangrao, Jiangxi, China. Prior to 2016 it was known as Qinfeng Township.

text:
# Qinfeng, Jiangxi

**Qinfeng** is a town in Xinzhou District, Shangrao, Jiangxi, China. Prior to 2016 it was known as **Qinfeng Township**.

## InfoBox

| Qinfeng | |
| --- | --- |
| 秦峰镇 | |
| Qinfeng | |
| Coordinates: 28°32′03″N 118°06′42″E / 28.5341°N 118.1116°E / 28.5341; 118.1116 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Jiangxi |
| Prefecture-level city | Shangrao |
| District | Xinzhou District |
| Area | |
| Total | 57.2 km2 (22.1 sq mi) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 38,157 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard Time) |


title: New Heritage Party

abstract: The New Heritage Party, former Heritage Party, is a political party in Zambia.

text:
# New Heritage Party

The **New Heritage Party**, former **Heritage Party**, is a political party in Zambia.

## History

The party was formed in 2001 by Godfrey Miyanda after he left the Movement for Multi-Party Democracy over President Frederick Chiluba's plans to run for a third term in office. In the December 2001 general elections Miyanda stood as the party's presidential candidate, finishing fifth in a field of eleven candidates with 8% of the vote. The party also received 8% of the vote in the National Assembly elections, winning four seats.

In the 2006 elections Miyanda was the party's presidential candidate again, but saw his vote share fall to 1.6%; in the National Assembly elections the party's vote share was reduced to 1.3% and it lost all four seats. Miyanda stood for president again in 2008, but received less than 0.8% of the vote, finishing last amongst the four candidates.

The 2011 general elections saw Miyanda's share of the presidential vote reduced to 0.2%, whilst the party received just 485 votes in the National Assembly elections (0.02%). Miyanda ran for a fifth time in the 2015 presidential elections, finishing eighth in a field of eleven candidates with 0.3% of the vote.

## Electoral history

### Presidential elections

| **Election** | Party candidate | **Votes** | **%** | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2001 | Godfrey Miyanda | 140,678 | 8.09% | **Lost** |
| 2006 | | 42,891 | 1.57% | **Lost** |
| 2008 | | 13,683 | 0.76% | **Lost** |
| 2011 | | 4,730 | 0.17% | **Lost** |
| 2015 | | 5,757 | 0.34% | **Lost** |
| 2016 | Did not take part | | | |
| 2021 | Chishala Kateka | 8,169 | 0.17% | **Lost** |

### National Assembly elections

| **Election** | **Party leader** | **Votes** | **%** | **Seats** | +/– | **Outcome** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2001 | Godfrey Miyanda | 132,311 | 7.55% | 4 / 159 | 4 | Opposition |
| 2006 | | 34,872 | 1.29% | 0 / 159 | 4 | Extra-parliamentary |
| 2011 | | 485 | 0.02% | 0 / 159 |  | Extra-parliamentary |
| 2016 | Did not take part | | | | | |
| 2021 | Chishala Kateka | 1,762 | 0.04% | 0 / 167 |  | Extra-parliamentary |

## InfoBox

| New Heritage Party | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Abbreviation | NHP |
| Leader | Chishala Kateka |
| Founder | Godfrey Miyanda |
| Founded | 2001 |
| Headquarters | Lusaka |
| Ideology | Zambian nationalism
National conservatism
Economic nationalism
Communitarianism
Liberalism |
| Political position | Right-wing |
| Slogan | Our Land, Our Prosperity |
| Website | |
| newheritageparty.org | |
|  | |


title: Gmina Wierzbica, Lublin Voivodeship

abstract: Gmina Wierzbica is a rural gmina in Chełm County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Wierzbica, which lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) north-west of Chełm and 53 km (33 mi) east of the regional capital Lublin. The gmina covers an area of 146.36 square kilometres (56.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,372.

text:
# Gmina Wierzbica, Lublin Voivodeship

**Gmina Wierzbica** is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Chełm County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Wierzbica, which lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) north-west of Chełm and 53 km (33 mi) east of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 146.36 square kilometres (56.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,372.

## Villages

Gmina Wierzbica contains the villages and settlements of Bakus-Wanda, Busówno, Busówno-Kolonia, Buza, Chylin, Chylin Mały, Chylin Wielki, Helenów, Kamienna Góra, Kamienna Góra-Gajówka, Karczunek, Kozia Góra, Ochoża, Ochoża-Pniaki, Olchowiec, Olchowiec-Kolonia, Pniówno, Staszyce, Święcica, Syczyn, Tarnów, Terenin, Werejce, Wierzbica, Wierzbica-Osiedle, Władysławów, Wólka Tarnowska, Wólka Tarnowska-Osada and Wygoda.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Wierzbica is bordered by the town of Rejowiec Fabryczny and by the gminas of Chełm, Cyców, Hańsk, Sawin, Siedliszcze and Urszulin.

## InfoBox

| Gmina Wierzbica Wierzbica Commune | |
| --- | --- |
| Gmina | |
|  | |
| Coordinates (Wierzbica): 51°15′44″N 23°19′13″E / 51.26222°N 23.32028°E / 51.26222; 23.32028 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Chełm County |
| Seat | Wierzbica |
| Area | |
| Total | 146.36 km2 (56.51 sq mi) |
| Population (2006) | |
| Total | 5,372 |
| Density | 37/km2 (95/sq mi) |


title: Oil futures drunk-trading incident

abstract: The oil futures drunk-trading incident was an incident in which Steven Perkins, an employee of London-based PVM Oil Futures, traded 7 million barrels of oil, worth approximately US$520 million in a two-and-half-hour period in the early morning of 30 June 2009 while drunk. These unauthorised trades caused the price of Brent Crude oil to rise by over $1.50 a barrel within a short period of time, a trend generally associated with major geopolitical events, before dropping rapidly. As a result of the trading, PVM Oil Futures suffered losses of almost $10 million and Perkins was dismissed, later being banned from trading by the Financial Services Authority (FSA).

text:
# Oil futures drunk-trading incident

The **oil futures drunk-trading incident** was an incident in which Steven Perkins, an employee of London-based PVM Oil Futures, traded 7 million barrels (1.1 million cubic metres) of oil, worth approximately US$520 million (£340 million) in a two-and-half-hour period in the early morning of 30 June 2009 while drunk. These unauthorised trades caused the price of Brent Crude oil to rise by over $1.50 a barrel (equivalent to $2.13 in 2023) within a short period of time, a trend generally associated with major geopolitical events, before dropping rapidly. As a result of the trading, PVM Oil Futures suffered losses of almost $10 million and Perkins was dismissed, later being banned from trading by the Financial Services Authority (FSA).

## Background

Steven Perkins, an employee of PVM Oil Futures since 1998, was a Brent Crude broker in the London-based company's international commodities futures division. As part of his duties, he traded in futures for clients; he was not allowed to trade using PVM's money.

## Trading

On 29 June 2009, after spending a weekend drinking heavily, Perkins returned to London from a company-sponsored golf weekend and continued drinking at around midday. Around this time, he made some trades, which he said were for a client. According to Perkins, later that day he suffered an alcohol-induced blackout. Beginning at 1:22 a.m. (UTC+1) on 30 June 2009, while still blacked-out, Perkins traded 7 million bbl (1.1 million m3), worth $500 million (£340 million); at times this represented 69% of the volume of oil then being traded and ten times the average trade volume. He made his last trade at 3:41 a.m., approximately two and a half hours later.

Perkins sent a text message to his boss stating that he was feeling ill at approximately 6:30 a.m. He was later contacted at 7:45 a.m. by an administrative clerk at PVM, who enquired about the early-morning trades. Perkins replied that he had spent the night assisting a client with trading. However, by 10:00 a.m. his claim had been disproved and PVM attempted to rid themselves of the futures.

## Aftermath

Perkins's trading left PVM Oil Futures holding "substantial volumes" of futures, which cost the company $9,763,252 to honour; at the time, PVM's annual income was only $12 million. That year PVM saw a loss of $7.6 million.

The cost of oil worldwide rose from $71.40 per barrel to $73.50 per barrel, the highest in eight months, before the trend reversed sharply; the total increase due to Perkins's trading was more than $1.50 per barrel, which is generally only caused by major events with geopolitical significance. For comparison, a $2-per-barrel increase would have cost $175 million worldwide.

The Head of Compliance at PVM was Iain Gilligan. Gilligan had no previous experience of trading or broking in any financial or commodity markets, having joined PVM directly from the Army a few years previously. He disregarded the importance of the compliance function, which had been underlined by the Global Financial Crisis of the previous year. As Head of Compliance Gilligan was responsible for implementing and rigorously monitoring effective control systems to ensure trades were correctly matched, allocated and verified in a timely manner. His failure to set in place appropriate internal controls resulted in the whole series of trades remaining unquestioned and unverified for many hours.

After an investigation by the FSA, which deemed Perkins "not fit and proper", he was barred from working as a trader in June 2010 for a minimum of five years and fined a total of £72,000 - paid in 36 installments - which was reduced from £150,000 after Perkins expressed concern that the large fine would cause him undue financial hardship. When delivering the report, a regulator for the FSA said that "Mr. Perkins poses an extreme risk to the market when drunk".

As a result of Perkins' trading, he was suspended in July 2009. That same month, he joined an alcoholics' rehabilitation programme. In July 2010, two days after the FSA announced the sanctions, Perkins was hired by Starsupply Renewables SA, a Swiss-based biofuels brokerage company, initially to create training manuals for new recruits; Starsupply promised not to allow Perkins to trade for the remainder of his probation. A spokesperson for Starsupply stated that they considered him "a good man who did a stupid thing".


title: Pseudopostega attenuata

abstract: Pseudopostega attenuata is a moth of the family Opostegidae. It is probably a rather widespread species in the South American lowland tropics. The species is known from Costa Rica, north-western Brazil and south-western Ecuador. The length of the forewings is 1.8–2.2 mm. Adults have been found from February to June in Costa Rica and Brazil and in January in Ecuador.

text:
# Pseudopostega attenuata

***Pseudopostega attenuata*** is a moth of the family Opostegidae. It is probably a rather widespread species in the South American lowland tropics. The species is known from Costa Rica, north-western Brazil and south-western Ecuador.

The length of the forewings is 1.8–2.2 mm. Adults have been found from February to June in Costa Rica and Brazil and in January in Ecuador.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudopostega attenuata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Opostegidae |
| Genus: | *Pseudopostega* |
| Species: | ***P. attenuata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudopostega attenuata***<br>D.R. Davis & J.R. Stonis, 2007 | |
|


title: Isotoma fluviatilis

abstract: Isotoma fluviatilis, the swamp isotome or blue star creeper, is a small herbaceous perennial plant in the family Campanulaceae, native to Australia.

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# Isotoma fluviatilis

***Isotoma fluviatilis***, the **swamp isotome** or **blue star creeper**, is a small herbaceous perennial plant in the family Campanulaceae, native to Australia.

## Description

This plant often forms a low growing mat. It is usually pubescent or sometimes glabrous and roots at nodes. The deep green leaves are 4 to 12 millimetres (0.16 to 0.47 in) in length and 2 to 8 mm (0.079 to 0.315 in) wide. The leaf blade is oblong, elliptic or linear in shape, or the lower leaves may be ovate or obovate in shape.

It forms white solitary flowers that are axillary and can be bisexual or unisexual. Capsules form later that are obconical to obovoid in shape and slightly asymmetric. They are usually 3 to 6 mm (0.118 to 0.236 in) in length with a 3 mm (0.118 in) diameter.

The plant flowers during the summer months between November and March producing a carpet of white-blue five-petalled star-shaped flowers that are ideal as groundcovers in garden beds, rockeries or between paving stones.

*I. fluviatilis* prefers dappled sunlight or part shade and moist soil. It spreads via runners and is hardy in the US in zones 6-8. In the UK, it is hardy in coastal and relatively mild parts of the UK, and is considered generally pest and disease free.

## Classification

The species was first formally described as *Lobelia fluviatilis* by the botanist Robert Brown in 1810 in the work *Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae* and later reclassified in the genus *Isotoma* by George Bentham in 1864 in *Flora Australiensis*. Several synonyms exist for this species including; *Laurentia fluviatilis*, *Enchysia gaudichaudii* and *Rapuntium fluviatile*.

There are three known subspecies:

* *Isotoma fluviatilis* subsp. *australis*
* *Isotoma fluviatilis* subsp. *borealis*
* *Isotoma fluviatilis* subsp. *fluviatilis*

## Distribution

The species is often found growing in areas of moist sand or in mud along the margins of creeks and streams and seepage areas. It is also found among granite outcrops and wet depressions. It is found in south eastern Australia from southern parts of South Australia extending through much of Victoria, through much of Tasmania, eastern New South Wales and south eastern Queensland.

## InfoBox

| *Isotoma fluviatilis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Campanulaceae |
| Genus: | *Isotoma* |
| Species: | ***I. fluviatilis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Isotoma fluviatilis***<br>(R.Br.) F.Muell. ex Benth. | |
|
|  | |
| Occurrence data from AVH | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Laurentia fluviatilis* (R.Br.) E.Wimm * *Lobelia fluviatilis*  R.Br. * *Rapuntium fluviatilis*  (R.Br.) C.Presl | |


title: Penny Abernathy

abstract: Penelope Muse Abernathy is an American journalist, former media executive, author and researcher who specializes in the study of news deserts. In 2008, after senior management roles at The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal, she became the Knight Chair in Journalism and Digital Media Economics at the Hussman School of Journalism and Media at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. In 2021, she was appointed a visiting professor at Northwestern University's Medill School of Journalism.

text:
# Penny Abernathy

**Penelope Muse Abernathy** (born August 28, 1951) is an American journalist, former media executive, author and researcher who specializes in the study of news deserts. In 2008, after senior management roles at The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal, she became the Knight Chair in Journalism and Digital Media Economics at the Hussman School of Journalism and Media at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. In 2021, she was appointed a visiting professor at Northwestern University's Medill School of Journalism.

## Education

Abernathy received a bachelor's degree in history with a secondary emphasis in English literature and journalism from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro in 1973. She earned her M.B.A. from Columbia University in 1985 and a master's degree in journalism in 2003.

## Career

Between 1973 and 1984, she worked as a reporter and editor at various newspapers such as *The Charlotte Observer, The Dallas Times-Herald*, and *The Wichita Eagle-Beacon*.

From 1986 to 1999, Abernathy held several positions with *The New York Times*. She was the senior vice-president strategic planning and human resources, which made her responsible for planning a number of major business initiatives that included the nationwide delivery of the paper that began in 1997. In 1998, Abernathy became president of the newly created News Services Division, which oversaw development of a new media division, as well as syndication and licensing.

Abernathy was publisher of the *Harvard Business Review* between 1999 and 2002.

She joined The Wall Street Journal in 2003 and, as senior vice president was responsible for the business operations of the newspaper's international publications and for planning major U.S. initiatives, such as the launch of weekend edition in 2005.

Abernathy is currently a visiting professor at the Medill School, Northwestern University and previously was Knight Chair in Journalism and Digital Media Economics at the Hussman School of Journalism and Media at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

She was inducted into the North Carolina Media and Journalism Hall of Fame in 1998 and received the Alumni Professional Achievement Award from UNC at Greensboro in 2023.

### Research

Abernathy's research has focused on the impact of news deserts and the development of business models that would help to sustain community journalism. Between 2014 and 2023, she was the author or co-author of two books and six reports that explored the state of local news, including the decline of local newspapers, the implications for communities and democracy, and solutions for halting the rise of news deserts.

Abernathy has also examined how ownership of newspapers by investment groups, including private equity and hedge funds, has contributed to the rise of news deserts and ghost newspapers while diminishing local accountability and transparency for both news organizations and elected officials.

## Publications

"Saving Community Journalism: The Path to Profitability" was published in 2014. The book was based on five years of research involving more than two dozen newspapers, and it was designed to help stakeholders implement new strategies for long-term profitability. The research in this book became the foundation for the UNC Center for Innovation and Sustainability in Local Media.

Abernathy co-authored "The Strategic Digital Media Entrepreneur," published in 2018, which focused on how the Internet has changed business models in the media; leadership challenges and opportunities that face media entrepreneurs; and help to develop strategies to create new and sustainable business models.

Abernathy authored or co-authored six reports exploring the political, social and economic consequences resulting from the loss of local news:

* "The Rise of a New Media Baron and the Emerging Threat of News Deserts" published by UNC Center for Innovation & Sustainability in Local Media (CISLM) in 2016.
* “Thwarting the Emergence of News Deserts” published by UNC CISLM in 2017.
* “The Expanding News Desert” published by UNC CISLM in 2018.
* “News Deserts and Ghost Newspapers: Will Local News Survive?” published by UNC CISLM in 2020.
* The State of Local News 2022 published by Northwestern University’s Local News Initiative (LNI)
* The State of Local News Report 2023 published by Northwestern University’s LNI.

## InfoBox

| Penny Abernathy | |
| --- | --- |
| Abernathy in 2020 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | August 28, 1951 (1951-08-28) (age 73) |
| Alma mater | University of North Carolina at Greensboro (BA)
Columbia University (MBA, MS) |
| Occupation | Journalist
Professor
 |
| Website | hussman.unc.edu/directory/faculty/penny-abernathy |
|  | |