title: Piritramide

abstract: Piritramide(R-3365, trade names Dipidolor, Piridolan, Pirium and others) is a synthetic opioid analgesic that is marketed in certain European countries including: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Germany and the Netherlands. It comes in free form, is about 0.75x times as potent as morphine and is given parenterally for the treatment of severe pain. Nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression and constipation are believed to be less frequent with piritramide than with morphine, and it produces more rapid-onset analgesia when compared to morphine and pethidine. After intravenous administration the onset of analgesia is as little as 1–2 minutes, which may be related to its great lipophilicity. The analgesic and sedative effects of piritramide are believed to be potentiated with phenothiazines and its emetic (nausea/vomiting-inducing) effects are suppressed. The volume of distribution is 0.7-1 L/kg after a single dose, 4.7-6 L/kg after steady-state concentrations are achieved and up to 11.1 L/kg after prolonged dosing. Piritramide was developed and patented in Belgium, at Janssen, in 1960. It is part of an eponymous two-member class of opioids in clinical use with the other being bezitramide (Burgodin). The closest chemical and structural relatives of piritramide in clinical use include the diphenoxylate family, fentanyl and somewhat more distantly alphaprodine. Not being in clinical use in the United States, it is a Schedule I Narcotic controlled substance with a DEA ACSCN of 9642 and manufacturing quota of zero.

text:
# Piritramide

**Piritramide**(**R-3365**, trade names **Dipidolor**, **Piridolan**, **Pirium** and others) is a synthetic opioid analgesic (narcotic painkiller) that is marketed in certain European countries including: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Germany and the Netherlands. It comes in free form, is about 0.75x times as potent as morphine and is given parenterally (by injection) for the treatment of severe pain. Nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression and constipation are believed to be less frequent with piritramide than with morphine (the gold standard opioid against which other opioids are compared and contrasted), and it produces more rapid-onset analgesia (pain relief) when compared to morphine and pethidine. After intravenous administration the onset of analgesia is as little as 1–2 minutes, which may be related to its great lipophilicity. The analgesic and sedative effects of piritramide are believed to be potentiated with phenothiazines and its emetic (nausea/vomiting-inducing) effects are suppressed. The volume of distribution is 0.7-1 L/kg after a single dose, 4.7-6 L/kg after steady-state concentrations are achieved and up to 11.1 L/kg after prolonged dosing.

Piritramide was developed and patented in Belgium, at Janssen, in 1960. It is part of an eponymous two-member class of opioids in clinical use with the other being bezitramide (Burgodin). The closest chemical and structural relatives of piritramide in clinical use include the diphenoxylate family, fentanyl (both Janssen discoveries) and somewhat more distantly alphaprodine.

Not being in clinical use in the United States, it is a Schedule I Narcotic controlled substance with a DEA ACSCN of 9642 and manufacturing quota of zero.

## InfoBox

Piritramide
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Dipidolor |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | International Drug Names |
| Pregnancy
category | * No teratogenic effects in preclinical studies; but, as with other opioids it may cause reversible adverse effects in the newborn. |
| Routes of
administration | Oral, IM, IV |
| ATC code |  |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |  |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Protein binding | 95% |
| Metabolism | Liver |
| Elimination half-life | 4-10 hours (acute dosing), 17.4 hours (chronic dosing) |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name * 1-(3-cyano-3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-(piperidin-1-yl)piperidine-4-carboxamide | |
| CAS Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| UNII |  |
| KEGG |  |
| ChEMBL |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.005.569 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C27H34N4O |
| Molar mass | 430.596 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| SMILES * N#CC(C1=CC=CC=C1)(CCN2CCC(N3CCCCC3)(CC2)C(N)=O)C4=CC=CC=C4 | |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C27H34N4O/c28-22-26(23-10-4-1-5-11-23,24-12-6-2-7-13-24)14-19-30-20-15-27(16-21-30,25(29)32)31-17-8-3-9-18-31/h1-2,4-7,10-13H,3,8-9,14-21H2,(H2,29,32) Y * Key:IHEHEFLXQFOQJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y | |
| NY (what is this?)  (verify) | |


title: Myosotis decumbens

abstract:
Myosotis decumbens is a plant species in the family Boraginaceae. There are 6 infraspecific names recognized:
  - Myosotis decumbens subsp. decumbens
  - Myosotis decumbens subsp. florentina Grau
  - Myosotis decumbens subsp. kerneri Grau
  - Myosotis decumbens subsp. rifana (Maire) Greuter & Burdet
  - Myosotis decumbens subsp. teresiana (Sennen) Grau
  - Myosotis decumbens subsp. variabilis (P.Angelis) Grau

text:
# Myosotis decumbens

***Myosotis decumbens*** is a plant species in the family Boraginaceae. There are 6 infraspecific names recognized:

* *Myosotis decumbens subsp. decumbens*
* *Myosotis decumbens subsp. florentina* Grau
* *Myosotis decumbens subsp. kerneri* (Dalla Torre & Sarnth.) Grau
* *Myosotis decumbens subsp. rifana* (Maire) Greuter & Burdet
* *Myosotis decumbens subsp. teresiana* (Sennen) Grau
* *Myosotis decumbens subsp. variabilis* (P.Angelis) Grau

## InfoBox

| *Myosotis decumbens* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Boraginales |
| Family: | Boraginaceae |
| Genus: | *Myosotis* |
| Species: | ***M. decumbens*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Myosotis decumbens***<br>Host | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Myosotis frigida* (Vestergr.) Czernov | |


title: Allegany Ballistics Laboratory

abstract: Allegany Ballistics Laboratory (ABL) located in Rocket Center, West Virginia, is a diverse industrial complex employing some 1,000 people across 1,628 acres (6.59 km⁲). The facility is a member of the Federal Laboratory Consortium and is operated by Northrop Grumman under contract with the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA).

text:
# Allegany Ballistics Laboratory

**Allegany Ballistics Laboratory** (**ABL**) located in Rocket Center, West Virginia, is a diverse industrial complex employing some 1,000 people across 1,628 acres (6.59 km2). The facility is a member of the Federal Laboratory Consortium and is operated by Northrop Grumman (former Alliant Techsystems) under contract with the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA).

## Current operation

The ABL facility is a manufacturer of advanced composite structures for the F-22 Raptor and other aerospace projects. ATK also operates 6 of 11 known advanced fiber placement machines. In addition the site produces about 80 military products, including: 30mm shells for Apache helicopters, training grenades, fuze-proximity sensors, mortars and warheads, and tank ammunition.

Also on the site is the Robert C. Byrd Hilltop Office Complex and the Robert C. Byrd Institute for Advanced Flexible Manufacturing. At the Robert C. Byrd Complex on the hill companies have rented space to do secure research, among them IBM (which recently acquired National Interest Security Company) who is digitizing data on hurricane cleanup, avian influenza, and weather records.

It also plays a significant role in continuity of government operations.

## History

ABL was established in 1944 on the site of a former ammunitions plant on land owned by the Army. After World War II, the plant was transferred to the Office of Scientific Research and Development and was involved in building propulsion devices and engines for the solid-rocket industry.

Later in the decade, ownership of ABL was transferred to the Navy office of Naval Sea Systems Command. Since 1946 it was operated by the Hercules Powder Company. In 1956 when it was producing Altair rocket stages for Vanguard rockets, ABL was, "A subsidiary of the Navy operated by the Hercules Powder Company." The Navy now contracts out operation of the facility to ATK (Alliant Techsystems), a $3.4 billion corporation based in Edina, Minnesota.

In 1998, ATK's Conventional Munitions Group was selected by Lockheed Martin Aeronautical Systems to produce the fiber-placed composite pivot shaft assembly for the F-22 Raptor air-dominance fighter. Work on the production program was performed at Alliant's automated fiber placement production facility at the Allegany Ballistics Laboratory before the production of F-22 aircraft ended in 2012. The fiber placement facility was constructed as part of a $177 million renovation and restoration program funded by the U.S. Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA), which owns the Allegany Ballistics Laboratory.

## Local Perception

As for the ecological impact, it is believed the facility contributes greatly to the pollution of the adjacent North Branch Potomac River. While this is unsupported, the company does have numerous runoff sites. Also, the groundwater in the surrounding community has been verified to contain many contaminants, although actions have since been taken to reduce these contaminants, and are part of a constant monitoring process.

## Companies

The following privately owned ventures are located on the ABL site:

| Company | Description |
| --- | --- |
| Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems | Defense and Aerospace |
| Robert C. Byrd Institute |  |
| International Business Machines | Information Management, Technology, and Strategic Consulting |

39°33′40″N 78°50′5″W / 39.56111°N 78.83472°W / 39.56111; -78.83472

## InfoBox

Allegany Ballistics Laboratory
|
|  |
| Industry | Manufacturer of composite materials, military products |
| Founded | 1944 |
| Headquarters | Rocket Center, West Virginia, United States |
| Number of employees | 1,000 |
| Parent | Northrop Grumman, formerly ATK |
| Website | www.atk.com |


abstract: Muskoka and Parry Sound was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1883 to 1904. It was located in the province of Ontario. This riding was created from parts of Algoma and Muskoka ridings. It consisted of the townships of Watt, Cardwell, Humphrey, Conger, Stephenson, Brunel, Franklin, Sinclair, Chaffey, Bethune, Perry, Proud foot, Foley, Cowper, McDougall, Parry Sound Village and Island, Fergusson, Carling, Burpee, Shawanaga and settlements on the lake shore to the mouth of French River, Christie, Monteith, McKellar, Hagerman, Spence, Croft, McKenzie, Ferrie, Wilson, Mills, McConkey, Hardy, Chapman, Strong, Magnetawan, Joly, Lount, Machar, Laurier, Ryerson, Armour, McMurrich, Stisted, Pringle, Gurd, Himsworth, Nipissing, Burton, Gibson, Harrison, Wallbridge, Patterson, Blair, Mowat, and Brown, and the part of the territorial district of Muskoka lying to the south of the township of Conger and east of the townships of Medora and Wood. The electoral district was abolished in 1903 when it was merged into a new Muskoka riding.

text:
# Muskoka and Parry Sound (federal electoral district)

**Muskoka and Parry Sound** was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1883 to 1904. It was located in the province of Ontario. This riding was created from parts of Algoma and Muskoka ridings.

It consisted of the townships of Watt, Cardwell, Humphrey, Conger, Stephenson, Brunel, Franklin, Sinclair, Chaffey, Bethune, Perry, Proud foot, Foley, Cowper, McDougall, Parry Sound Village and Island, Fergusson, Carling, Burpee, Shawanaga and settlements on the lake shore to the mouth of French River, Christie, Monteith, McKellar, Hagerman, Spence, Croft, McKenzie, Ferrie, Wilson, Mills, McConkey, Hardy, Chapman, Strong, Magnetawan, Joly, Lount, Machar, Laurier, Ryerson, Armour, McMurrich, Stisted, Pringle, Gurd, Himsworth, Nipissing, Burton, Gibson, Harrison, Wallbridge, Patterson, Blair, Mowat, and Brown, and the part of the territorial district of Muskoka lying to the south of the township of Conger and east of the townships of Medora and Wood.

The electoral district was abolished in 1903 when it was merged into a new Muskoka riding.

## Electoral history

| 1882 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Conservative | O'BRIEN, William E. | 1,296 |
|  | Unknown | MILLER, John C. | 1,293 |

| 1887 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Conservative | O'BRIEN, W.E. | 1,595 |
|  | Liberal | MCMURRICH, W.B. | 1,556 |

| 1891 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Conservative | O'BRIEN, W.E. | 1,916 |
|  | Liberal | FITZGERALD, J.W. | 1,768 |

| 1896 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Liberal–Conservative | MCCORMICK, George | 2,249 |
|  | Liberal | PRATT, William H. | 1,991 |
|  | McCarthyite | O'BRIEN, William E. | 1,068 |

| 1900 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Liberal–Conservative | MCCORMICK, George | 2,637 |
|  | Liberal | WATSON, R.J. | 2,515 |


title: Mehdi Tajik

abstract: Mehdi Tajik is an Iranian Football player who currently plays for Paykan of the Iran Pro League.

text:
# Mehdi Tajik

**Mehdi Tajik** (born March 11, 1979) is an Iranian Football player who currently plays for Paykan of the Iran Pro League.

## Club career

### Club career statistics

Last Update  **30 September 2010**

| Club performance | | | League | | Cup | | Continental | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
|
| Iran | | | League | | Hazfi Cup | | Asia | | Total | |
| 2003–04 | Paykan | Persian Gulf Cup |  | 2 |  |  | - | - |  |  |
| 2004–05 | | |  | 0 |  |  | - | - |  |  |
| 2005–06 | | Azadegan League |  | 0 |  |  | - | - |  |  |
| 2006–07 | | Persian Gulf Cup | 19 | 0 | 2 | 0 | - | - | 21 | 0 |
| 2007–08 | | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 27 | 1 |
| 2008–09 | | 24 | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 25 | 1 |
| 2009–10 | | 25 | 0 |  |  | - | - |  |  |
| 2010–11 | | 18 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 18 | 1 |
|
| Total | Iran | |  | 5 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |
| Career total | | |  | 5 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |

* **Assist Goals**

| Season | Team | Assists |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 10–11 | Paykan | 0 |
|

1. "Persian League- Latest Iran League News - Iran Football News - Iran Sport News - Mehdi Tajik". Archived from the original on 2012-03-07. Retrieved 2010-05-08.

## InfoBox

Mehdi Tajik
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Mehdi Tajik | | |
| Date of birth | (1979-03-11) March 11, 1979 | | |
| Place of birth | Iran | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Peykan | | |
| Number | 4 | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2003– | Peykan |  | (5) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 29 August 2010<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 08 May 2010 | | | |


abstract: My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman is an American television talk show hosted by David Letterman that premiered on January 12, 2018, on Netflix. The series consists of interviews with one guest per episode both inside and outside a studio setting. The show has received generally positive reviews, with its format, Letterman's hosting, choice of guests, and insightful conversations receiving praise. My Next Guest has been nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Hosted Nonfiction Series or Special four times.

text:
# My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman

***My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman*** (commonly referred to as ***My Next Guest***) is an American television talk show hosted by David Letterman that premiered on January 12, 2018, on Netflix. The series consists of interviews with one guest per episode both inside and outside a studio setting. The show has received generally positive reviews, with its format, Letterman's hosting, choice of guests, and insightful conversations receiving praise. *My Next Guest* has been nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Hosted Nonfiction Series or Special four times.

## Production

### Development

On August 8, 2017, Netflix announced it had ordered a six-episode interview series starring David Letterman. Each hour-long episode was set to feature Letterman conducting a long-form conversation with a single guest and in-the-field segments, in which he would explore topics on his own.

On January 5, 2018, it was announced that Letterman's guests in the first season would include Barack Obama, George Clooney, Malala Yousafzai, Jay-Z, Tina Fey, and Howard Stern. It was also announced that the series would premiere on January 12, 2018, with Letterman's interview with Obama. This interview was Obama's first since leaving office.

On December 14, 2018, it was announced that Netflix had renewed the series for a second season consisting of six episodes. On May 31, 2019, five new episodes were released. On June 21, a bonus episode was released.

### Music

The show's theme song and bridging music were written and recorded by Letterman's long-time bandleader, Paul Shaffer. Soon after it was announced publicly that Netflix had given the series an order, Shaffer received a phone call from Letterman asking him to work on the show. Soon after, Shaffer began to receive cuts of episodes from the first season and he started to put music in afterwards where the director thought it was needed.

In developing the sound of the show's music, Shaffer initially looked to Letterman for guidance. Finding none, he remembered his and Letterman's shared love for the sort of music produced at the Muscle Shoals Sound Studio in Sheffield, Alabama describing it as "the honesty you hear, the southern soul feeling." The score initially included drums but the show's producers and director thought that the music should "feel like it's Dave's old friend Paul playing," so it was ultimately stripped down to solely include piano, organ, and bass guitar.

## Episodes

### Series overview

| Season | Episodes | | Originally released | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | First released | Last released |
|  | 6 | | January 12, 2018 (2018-01-12) | May 31, 2018 (2018-05-31) |
| | Bonus | | May 8, 2018 (2018-05-08) | |
|  | 5 | | May 31, 2019 (2019-05-31) | |
| | Bonus | | June 21, 2019 (2019-06-21) | |
| Special | | | October 25, 2019 (2019-10-25) | |
|  | 4 | | October 21, 2020 (2020-10-21) | |
|  | 6 | | May 20, 2022 (2022-05-20) | |
| Special | | | December 12, 2022 (2022-12-12) | |
| Special | | | April 30, 2024 (2024-04-30) | |
|  | 2 | | June 12, 2024 (2024-06-12) | |

### Season 1 (2018)

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Guest | Original release date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | "Barack Obama"
"It's a Whole New Ball Game Now" | Barack Obama | January 12, 2018 (2018-01-12) |
| *Cold open:* Letterman interviewing then-President Obama on *Late Show with David Letterman*.
*On-location segment:* Walking with Congressman John Lewis across the Edmund Pettus Bridge, site of the civil rights movement's Bloody Sunday in 1965. | | | | | |
| 2 | 2 | "George Clooney"
"You Be the Newsman, I'll Be Liz Taylor" | George Clooney | February 9, 2018 (2018-02-09) |
| *Cold open:* Letterman and Clooney outside of LAX watching planes land and eating fast food.
*On-location segment:* At the home of Nick Clooney meeting Iraqi refugee Hazim Avdal whom the Clooney family is sponsoring. | | | | | |
| 3 | 3 | "Malala Yousafzai"
"You Know, She Has a Nobel Peace Prize" | Malala Yousafzai | March 9, 2018 (2018-03-09) |
| *Cold open:* Letterman accompanies Yousafzai as she leads a tour group at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford.
*On-location segment:* Yousafzai continues to lead the tour group as Letterman tags along, the pair browse in the University of Oxford shop, and Letterman eats lunch with Yousafzai's father. | | | | | |
| 4 | 4 | "JAY-Z"
"I Had a Paper Route Too" | Jay-Z | April 6, 2018 (2018-04-06) |
| *Cold open:* None
*On-location segment:* Letterman visits Shangri La Studio, speaks with music producer Rick Rubin and listens to Madison Ryann Ward recording. | | | | | |
| 5 | 5 | "Tina Fey"
"It's Just Land Mine Hopscotch" | Tina Fey | May 4, 2018 (2018-05-04) |
| *Cold open:* None
*On-location segment:* Letterman and Blues musician Buddy Guy eat chicken and fries at the Athenian Room, one of Tina Fey's Chicago hangouts, while talking about the origins of the Chicago Blues. Later, Guy performs “Skin Deep”, accompanied by Paul Shaffer, at his nightclub, Buddy Guy’s Legends. | | | | | |
| 6 | 6 | "Howard Stern" | Howard Stern | May 31, 2018 (2018-05-31) |
| *Cold open:* Letterman interviewing Stern on *Late Night with David Letterman.*
*On-location segment:* Letterman rides horses with paleontologist/geologist Christa Sadler at Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument. | | | | | |

#### Bonus (2018)

| No.
overall | Title | Guest | Original release date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 7 | "You're David Letterman, You Idiot" | Jerry Seinfeld | May 8, 2018 (2018-05-08) |
| In a behind-the-scenes Netflix event, Jerry Seinfeld and David Letterman interview each other. | | | | |

### Season 2 (2019)

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Guest | Original release date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8 | 1 | "Kanye West" | Kanye West | May 31, 2019 (2019-05-31) |
| *On-location segment:* David visits Kanye's house and tries some of his clothes. | | | | | |
| 9 | 2 | "Ellen DeGeneres" | Ellen DeGeneres | May 31, 2019 (2019-05-31) |
| *On-location segment:* Behind the scenes on *The Ellen DeGeneres Show*. | | | | | |
| 10 | 3 | "Tiffany Haddish" | Tiffany Haddish | May 31, 2019 (2019-05-31) |
| *On-location segment:* David joins Tiffany Haddish in her backyard to do some gardening. | | | | | |
| 11 | 4 | "Lewis Hamilton" | Lewis Hamilton | May 31, 2019 (2019-05-31) |
| *On-location segment:* Letterman races young drivers on a go-kart track; Hamilton drives laps in a 2019 Mercedes AMG F1 W10 EQ Power+ and drives Letterman around a circuit in a Mercedes-AMG E63, Letterman drives Hamilton in a station wagon. Lewis Hamilton's father, Anthony Hamilton, is in the audience. | | | | | |
| 12 | 5 | "Melinda Gates" | Melinda Gates | May 31, 2019 (2019-05-31) |
| *On-location segment:* Gates joins Letterman in a self-driving car simulator; Letterman meets Bill Gates at the offices of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. | | | | | |

#### Bonus (2019)

| No.
overall | Title | Guest | Original release date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13 | "Zach Galifianakis" | Zach Galifianakis | June 21, 2019 (2019-06-21) |
| Joining Dave at a special Netflix event, Zach Galifianakis pays tribute to childhood idols and shares juicy tidbits from the *Between Two Ferns* set. | | | | |

### Special (2019)

| No.
overall | Title | Guest | Original release date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14 | "My Next Guest with David Letterman and Shah Rukh Khan" | Shah Rukh Khan | October 25, 2019 (2019-10-25) |
| "King of Bollywood" Shah Rukh Khan opens up about his rise to fame, his family, and his billions of fans as he and David meet up in Mumbai and New York. | | | | |

### Season 3 (2020)

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Guest | Original release date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15 | 1 | "Kim Kardashian West" | Kim Kardashian West | October 21, 2020 (2020-10-21) |
| *On-location segment:* Kardashian and Letterman shop for test supplies in a CVS Pharmacy. | | | | | |
| 16 | 2 | "Robert Downey Jr." | Robert Downey Jr. | October 21, 2020 (2020-10-21) |
| *On-location segment:* At the home of Robert Downey Jr. in Malibu checking Robert’s mini-zoo. | | | | | |
| 17 | 3 | "Dave Chappelle" | Dave Chappelle | October 21, 2020 (2020-10-21) |
| *On-location segment:* An audience at "Chappelle Summer Camp", Chappelle walks Letterman through his hometown of Yellow Springs, Ohio | | | | | |
| 18 | 4 | "Lizzo" | Lizzo | October 21, 2020 (2020-10-21) |
| Music superstar Lizzo invites Dave to lay down a track at her home studio as they chat about flutes, protests, her time working with Prince and more. | | | | | |

### Season 4 (2022)

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Guest(s) | Original release date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19 | 1 | "Billie Eilish" | Billie Eilish, Finneas O'Connell | May 20, 2022 (2022-05-20) |
| Dave visits Billie Eilish to discuss inspiration, influences and imposter syndrome — and even manages to work in a little go-karting and Auto-tuning. | | | | | |
| 20 | 2 | "Will Smith" | Will Smith | May 20, 2022 (2022-05-20) |
| Will Smith recalls his rap origins, the lasting impact of his parents, spiritual explorations, and one very fateful night at Quincy Jones' house. | | | | | |
| 21 | 3 | "Cardi B" | Cardi B | May 20, 2022 (2022-05-20) |
| Cardi B and Dave split a chopped cheese in a Bronx bodega and chat hooky parties, hip-hop, parenting, political science and protesting injustice. | | | | | |
| 22 | 4 | "Ryan Reynolds" | Ryan Reynolds | May 20, 2022 (2022-05-20) |
| Ryan Reynolds makes pizza for Dave while he discusses his youth in Canada, early days as an actor, life as a father and love of Welsh football. | | | | | |
| 23 | 5 | "Kevin Durant" | Kevin Durant | May 20, 2022 (2022-05-20) |
| Dave and Kevin Durant go one-on-one in basketball, shuffleboard and conversation as they cover family, focus, trash-talking, social media and more. | | | | | |
| 24 | 6 | "Julia Louis-Dreyfus" | Julia Louis-Dreyfus | May 20, 2022 (2022-05-20) |
| Julia Louis-Dreyfus takes Dave fishing and talks growing up with two families, serving Gumby tea on *Saturday Night Live* and reality overtaking fiction with *Veep*. | | | | | |

### Special (2022)

| No.
overall | Title | Guest | Original release date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 25 | "My Next Guest with David Letterman and Volodymyr Zelenskyy" | Volodymyr Zelenskyy | December 12, 2022 (2022-12-12) |
| Dave travels to Kyiv to sit down with Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy in front of a small live audience on a subway station. | | | | |

### Special (2024)

| No.
overall | Title | Guest | Original release date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 26 | "My Next Guest with David Letterman and John Mulaney" | John Mulaney | April 30, 2024 (2024-04-30) |
| John Mulaney returns to his Chicago high school with David Letterman as they candidly discuss addiction, fatherhood and the state of stand-up comedy. | | | | |

### Season 5 (2024)

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Guest(s) | Original release date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 27 | 1 | "Miley Cyrus" | Miley Cyrus | June 12, 2024 (2024-06-12) |
| Miley Cyrus performs an intimate show at the Chateau Marmont and opens up to Dave about songwriting, sobriety and separating herself from Hannah Montana. | | | | | |
| 28 | 2 | "Charles Barkley" | Charles Barkley | June 12, 2024 (2024-06-12) |
| Charles Barkley goes golfing with Dave and shares his unfiltered opinions on the NBA and WNBA, his transition to analyst and the fight against racism. | | | | | |

## Reception

### Critical response

The first season of *My Next Guest Needs No Introduction* has been met with a positive response from critics. On the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the first season holds an 83% approval rating with an average rating of 6.79 out of 10 based on 29 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "*My Next Guest* may not be groundbreaking, but a more intimate setting provides ample room for intelligent, insightful interviews with interesting subjects that go beyond standard late-night conversations." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the season a score of 70 out of 100 based on 13 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

### Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Nominee(s) | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2018 | Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards | Outstanding Informational Series or Special | *My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman* | Nominated |

 |
| 2019 | | | | Nominated | |
| 2021 | | Outstanding Hosted Nonfiction Series or Special | | Nominated | |
| 2022 | | Nominated | ||
| 2023 | | *My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman and Volodymyr Zelenskyy* | Nominated ||
| 2024 | | *My Next Guest with David Letterman and John Mulaney* | Won ||

1. Andreeva, Nellie (August 8, 2017). "David Letterman Returns To Television With Netflix Series". *Deadline Hollywood*. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
2. Hipes, Patrick (January 5, 2018). "David Letterman's Netflix Show To Bow January 12 With Barack Obama As First Guest". *Deadline Hollywood*. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
3. Lewis, Hilary (January 5, 2018). "David Letterman's Netflix Talk Show Sets Barack Obama as First Guest". *The Hollywood Reporter*. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
4. Petski, Denise (December 14, 2018). "David Letterman's 'My Next Guest' Renewed For Season 2 By Netflix". *Deadline Hollywood*. Retrieved December 14, 2018.
5. Stuever, Hank (January 12, 2018). "Review: Letterman sits down with Obama, but both men seem rusty and off their game". *The Washington Post*. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
6. Leight, Elias (February 2, 2018). "Paul Shaffer on Writing Letterman's Netflix Theme Song & the Value of Humor in Pop". *Billboard*. Retrieved February 9, 2018.
7. Harris, Susan (June 5, 2019). "Gardening with Tiffany Haddish and Dave Letterman". *GardenRant*.
8. Wilson, Kevin A. (June 6, 2019). "David Letterman and Lewis Hamilton Hit the Track Together". *Car and Driver*.
9. "Melinda Gates and David Letterman talk tech, philanthropy, music and more on Netflix show". *GeekWire*. June 2, 2019.
10. Gentile, Dan (October 26, 2020). "Dave Chappelle discusses SF on Letterman's Netflix show". *SFGATE*. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
11. "My Next Guest Needs No Introduction With David Letterman: Season 1". *Rotten Tomatoes*. Fandango. Retrieved December 14, 2018.
12. "My Next Guest Needs No Introduction With David Letterman: Season 1". *Metacritic*. CBS Interactive. Retrieved December 14, 2018.
13. "My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman". *Emmys.com*. Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
14. Hipes, Patrick (July 12, 2018). "Emmy Nominations: 'Game Of Thrones, 'The Americans', 'Atlanta', Defending Champ 'Handmaid's Tale' Among Top Nominees". *Deadline Hollywood*. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
15. Littleton, Cynthia (September 9, 2018). "Anthony Bourdain, 'Jesus Christ Superstar' and 'Saturday Night Live' Win Big on Night 2 of Creative Arts Emmy Awards". *Variety*. Retrieved September 14, 2018.

## InfoBox

| *My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Talk show |
| Directed by | * Michael Bonfiglio * Mark A. Ritchie * Michael Steed |
| Presented by | David Letterman |
| Composer | Paul Shaffer |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 5 |
| No. of episodes | 28 |
| Production | |
| Executive producers |  |
| Producers | * Aaron Bergeron * Mary Barclay * Louise Shelton * Charles Gant * Jonathan Cianfrani * Bronwen Epstein * Helen Cho * Aaron Latham-James * Sonia Lisette * Will Thwaites * Jenny Morrissey * Susan Rousseau * Tommy Alter |
| Cinematography | * Declan Quinn * Kenneth F. Wales * Cameron Barnett * Brandon Alperin * Jeremy Leach * Ethan Mills * Mo Fallon |
| Editors | * Jesse Gordon * Edward A. Bishop * Paul Little * Dave Marcus * Dave Carter * Claude Shires * Jon Philpot * Jennifer Gill McGarrity * Tom Patterson * Dan O'Brien * Christopher Dillon * Cori Wapnowska * Jasmin Way * Brian Ray * Matt Askinazi |
| Running time | 44–61 minutes |
| Production companies |  |
| Original release | |
| Network | Netflix |
| Release | January 12, 2018 (2018-01-12)
present (present) |


title: Y B Normal?

abstract: Y B Normal? was a Canadian sketch comedy TV show. It originally aired on The Comedy Network between 1998 and 1999. Its sketches are all set in Aylmer, Quebec.

text:
# Y B Normal?

***Y B Normal?*** was a Canadian sketch comedy TV show. It originally aired on The Comedy Network between 1998 and 1999.

Its sketches are all set in Aylmer, Quebec.

## Cast

### Guest cast

## Season 1

## Season 2

## Episodes

## Airings

## DVD release summary

| Title | Ep # | Region 1 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Season One | 6 | TBA |
| Season Two | 13 | TBA |
|

## Behind the scenes

## InfoBox

| *Y B Normal?* | |
| --- | --- |
| Starring | P-H Dallaire
Matthiew Klinck
Ron Langton
Paolo Mancini
Thomas Michael |
| Country of origin | Canada |
| No. of episodes | 19 (list of episodes) |
| Production | |
| Running time | 23 minutes per episode |
| Original release | |
| Network | The Comedy Network |
| Release | September 15, 1998 (1998-09-15)
1999 (1999) |


title: Y Ban

abstract: Phạm Thị Xuân Ban is a Vietnamese writer of short stories, poet and journalist. She published her poetry on her Facebook timeline. Her books I am Woman, 2006, Hey, have you really seen anything?, 2011 were put on censorship ban in Vietnam.

text:
# Y Ban

**Phạm Thị Xuân Ban** (born 1 July 1961, writing as **Y Ban**) is a Vietnamese writer of short stories, poet and journalist. She published her poetry on her Facebook timeline. Her books *I am Woman*, 2006 (*I am Đàn bà*), *Hey, have you really seen anything?*, 2011 (*Này hỏi thật đã thấy gì chưa đấy?*) were put on censorship ban in Vietnam.

## Early life and education

Ban was born 1 July 1961 in Nam Định, Vietnam. She graduated from the Vietnam National University, Hanoi in 1982, and in 1992 graduated from the Nguyễn Du School of Creative Writing.

## Writing career

Ban works as a reporter for *Giao Duc va Thoi Dai* (*Education in our era*).

Her first short story was published in the *Armed Forces Literary Review* in 1983.

She has published five collections of short stories, the first of which *Người đàn bà có ma lực : truyện ngá̆n* (*The Female Exorcist*) won second prize in a national writing competition in 1993. She has also had 70 stories published in anthologies.

She started to write in 1989 with two awards for her work "The Letter to Mother Au Co" ("Bức thư gửi Mẹ Âu Cơ") and "The Woman with Magic" ("Người đàn bà có ma lực") about Military Arts. She also worked at Department of Education and is a member of Writers Association.

## Censorship

Two of her books, *I am Woman*, 2006 (*I am Đàn bà*), *Hey, have you really seen anything?*, 2011 (*Này hỏi thật đã thấy gì chưa đấy?*), after publishing were put on censorship ban in Vietnam. Afterwards, Y Ban wrote a letter in 2013 denying the merit of the Vietnam Writers Association for the novel *Game of destroying emotions* (*Trò chơi hủy diệt cảm xúc*) and resigned from office of a Spokeswoman of Council of Vietnam Writers Association.

## Poetry

Y Ban says in her poetry, that she posted only on her Facebook page, about all the world, everyday matters, corruption, ecological crimes like Formosa plant's pollution of waters in Vietnam, or poverty, like in poem "Ritual before meals".

After winning International Poetry slam reading in Hanoi, that was organized by French Embassy, she traveled in May 2017 in France to voice her woman's say, that sometimes restricted in Vietnam by a taboo.

## Selected publications

* Ban, Y (1998). *Truyện ngá̆n Y Ban chọn lọc* \[*Y Ban's Selectd Stories*\]. Hanoi: Văn học.
* Ban, Y (2003). *Người đàn bà có ma lực : truyện ngá̆n* \[*The Female Exorcist*\]. Hanoi: Nhà xuá̂t bản Thanh niên.


title: Y (game)

abstract: Y is an abstract strategy board game, first described by John Milnor in the early 1950s. The game was independently invented in 1953 by Craige Schensted and Charles Titus. It is a member of the connection game family inhabited by Hex, Havannah, TwixT, and others; it is also an early member in a long line of games Schensted has developed, each game more complex but also more generalized.

text:
# Y (game)

**Y** is an abstract strategy board game, first described by John Milnor in the early 1950s. The game was independently invented in 1953 by Craige Schensted and Charles Titus. It is a member of the connection game family inhabited by Hex, Havannah, TwixT, and others; it is also an early member in a long line of games Schensted has developed, each game more complex but also more generalized.

## Gameplay

Y is typically played on a triangular board with hexagonal spaces; the "official" Y board has three points with five-connectivity instead of six-connectivity, but it is just as playable on a regular triangle. Schensted and Titus' book *Mudcrack Y & Poly-Y* has a large number of boards for play of Y, all hand-drawn; most of them seem irregular but turn out to be topologically identical to a regular Y board.

As in most games of this type, one player takes the part of Black and one takes the part of White; they place stones on the board one at a time, neither removing nor moving any previously placed stones. The pie rule can be used to mitigate any first-move advantage.

## Rules

The rules are as follows:

* Players take turns placing one stone of their color on the board.
* Once a player connects all three sides of the board, the game ends and that player wins. The corners count as belonging to both sides of the board to which they are adjacent.

As in most connection games, the size of the board changes the nature of the game; small boards tend towards pure tactical play, whereas larger boards tend to make the game more strategic.

## Relation to other connection games

Schensted and Titus argue that Y is a superior game to Hex because Hex can be seen as a subset of Y. Consider a board subdivided by a line of white and black pieces into three sections. The portion of the board at the bottom-right can then be considered a 5×5 Hex board, and played identically. However, this sort of artificial construction on a Y board is extremely uncommon, and the games have different enough tactics (outside of constructed situations) to be considered separate, though related.

*Mudcrack Y & Poly-Y* also describes Poly-Y, the next game in the series of Y-related games; after that come Star and \*Star.

## Criticism

Y, like Hex, yields a strong first-player advantage. The standard approach to solving this difficulty is the "pie" rule: one player chooses where the first move will go and the other player then chooses who will be the first player.

Y's chief criticism is that on the standard hexagonal board a player controlling center can easily reach any edge no matter what the other player does. This is because the distance from the center to an edge is only approximately 1/3 the distance along the edge from corner to corner. As a result, defending an edge against a center attack is very difficult.

Schensted and Titus attacked this problem with successive versions of the game board, culminating in the present "official" board with three pentagons inserted among the hexagons. They noted that were players to play on a hemisphere rather than a plane with hexagons, with the equator divided into three "sides" (each 1/3 the circumference of the hemisphere), the distance from the "north pole" of the hemisphere to the equator was 1/4 the circumference, and thus the distance ratio improved from 1/3 to 3/4. This made defending a side from a center attack much more plausible. Thus the present "official" board is essentially a geodesic dome hemisphere squashed flat into a triangle to provide this effect.

## No draws

It has been formally shown that Y cannot end in a draw. That is, once the board is complete there must be one and only one winner.

## The first player wins

In Y the strategy-stealing argument can be applied. It proves that the second player has no winning strategy. The argument is that if the second player had a winning strategy, then the first player could choose a random first move and then pretend that she is the second player and apply the strategy. An important point is that an extra stone on the board is never a disadvantage in Y. Y is a complete and perfect information game in which no draw can be conceived, so there is a winning strategy for one player. The second player has no winning strategy so the first player has one. It is nevertheless possible for the first player to lose by making a sufficiently bad move, since although that stone has value, it may have significantly less value than the second move—an important consideration for understanding the nature of the pie rule.

If the "pie rule" is in force, however, the second player wins, because the second player can in principle evaluate whether or not the first move is a winning move and choose to invoke the pie rule if it is (thereby effectively becoming the first player).

In practice, assuming the pie rule is in force and the official Schensted/Titus board is being used, Y is a very well balanced game giving essentially equal chances for any two players of equal strength. The balance is achieved because the first player will intentionally make a move that is sufficiently "bad" that it is not clear to the second player whether it is a winning move or a losing move. It is up to the judgement of the second player to make this difficult determination and invoke the pie rule accordingly.

**Bibliography**

* Browne, Cameron. *Hex Strategy: Making the Right Connections*. ISBN 1-56881-117-9
* Schensted, Craige and Titus, Charles. *Mudcrack Y & Poly-Y*.


title: Action of 12 May 1796

abstract: The action of 12 May 1796 was a minor naval engagement during the French Revolutionary Wars between a squadron of British Royal Navy frigates and a frigate and four smaller ships of the Batavian Navy. The British squadron had been detached on the previous day from the British North Sea fleet under Admiral Adam Duncan, which was cruising off the Batavian fleet anchorage at the Texel, while the Batavian squadron was returning to the Netherlands from the Norwegian coast where it had been sheltering since suffering defeat at the action of 22 August 1795 the previous year. As the Batavian squadron neared the Dutch coast, the British squadron under Captain Lawrence Halstead attacked. In his frigate HMS Phoenix, Halstead was able to cut the Batavian frigate Argo off from the shore and bring it to battle, forcing it to surrender in just 20 minutes as other British ships closed with the combat. The remainder of the Batavian squadron had dispersed eastwards away from the frigates and Duncan's fleet, pursued by the frigate HMS Pegasus and brig-sloop HMS Sylph. After a lengthy chase, Phoenix caught the cutter Duke of York, Sylph seized the brig Mercury, while Pegasus succeeded in driving the other brigs, Echo and Gier ashore, where both were believed wrecked. Duncan's blockade of the Texel was instrumental in British control of the North Sea, and a year later it would achieve a decisive victory at the Battle of Camperdown.

text:
# Action of 12 May 1796

The **action of 12 May 1796** was a minor naval engagement during the French Revolutionary Wars between a squadron of British Royal Navy frigates and a frigate and four smaller ships of the Batavian Navy. The British squadron had been detached on the previous day from the British North Sea fleet under Admiral Adam Duncan, which was cruising off the Batavian fleet anchorage at the Texel, while the Batavian squadron was returning to the Netherlands from the Norwegian coast where it had been sheltering since suffering defeat at the action of 22 August 1795 the previous year. As the Batavian squadron neared the Dutch coast, the British squadron under Captain Lawrence Halstead attacked.

In his frigate HMS *Phoenix*, Halstead was able to cut the Batavian frigate *Argo* off from the shore and bring it to battle, forcing it to surrender in just 20 minutes as other British ships closed with the combat. The remainder of the Batavian squadron had dispersed eastwards away from the frigates and Duncan's fleet, pursued by the frigate HMS *Pegasus* and brig-sloop HMS *Sylph*. After a lengthy chase, *Phoenix* caught the cutter *Duke of York*, *Sylph* seized the brig *Mercury*, while *Pegasus* succeeded in driving the other brigs, *Echo* and *Gier* ashore, where both were believed wrecked. Duncan's blockade of the Texel was instrumental in British control of the North Sea, and a year later it would achieve a decisive victory at the Battle of Camperdown.

## Background

In February 1793, the French Republic declared war on the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Dutch Republic, drawing both into the ongoing French Revolutionary Wars. Less than two years later, in the winter of 17941795, the Dutch Republic was overrun by the French Army, French cavalry charging the Dutch Navy across the ice that blocked its winter anchorages, capturing it intact. The French reorganised the country into a client state named the Batavian Republic, and ordered the Dutch Navy to operate in the North Sea against British maritime trade routes. The British government did not immediately declare war on the Batavian Republic, but did take steps to seize Dutch shipping in British ports and established a new fleet to combat Batavian operations in the North Sea. The North Sea Fleet, as it was known, was composed mainly of older and smaller vessels not considered suitable for service in the Channel Fleet, and command of this force was given to the 66year old Admiral Adam Duncan.

In August 1795, the Batavian Navy sent a frigate squadron to operate against the British trade routes with Scandinavia, which carried large quantities of British naval stores to supply the British fleets. These trade routes passed from the Baltic Sea through the Kattegat and Skagerrak channels and across the North Sea, and the Batavian squadron consequently cruised at the mouth of the Kattegat off the southern coast of neutral Danish controlled Norway. To counteract this Batavian operation, Duncan sent a squadron of British frigates from the North Sea Fleet under the command of Captain James Alms with orders to intercept and destroy the Batavian ships. On 22 August, Alms's force discovered the Batavian squadron close to the Norwegian harbour of Eigerøya. Alms closed with the Batavian force in an attempt to cut it off from land, but was only able to intercept the Batavian frigate *Alliante* with his ship HMS *Stag*, compelling the Batavian vessel to surrender in a short engagement. Although the remainder of his squadron exchanged fire with the Batavian ships, damaging the frigate *Argo*, Alms' force was unable to prevent their escape into Eigerøya.

For the rest of the year, *Argo* operated from the Norwegian coast, unable to make any significant cruises due to the attention of British warships operating in the region. By May 1796, Duncan's fleet was now actively cruising against the Batavian Navy, commanding a blockade force of nine ships of the line and numerous smaller vessels at sea off the Texel, the principal Batavian fleet anchorage. Duncan also ensured that the blockade of the Batavian vessels in Norwegian ports was maintained, with the 28gun frigate HMS *Pegasus* under Captain Ross Donnelly and the brig-sloop HMS *Sylph* under Commander John Chambers White sent to patrol the waters off Lindesnes. In early May, the Batavian authorities ordered *Argo* to return to the fleet at the Texel, and the frigate sailed from the Norwegian port of Flekkerøy on 11 May with three Batavian brigs: *Echo* of 18guns, *Mercury* of 16guns and *Gier* of 14guns.

The departure of the Batavian squadron was noticed by Donnelly's small blockade force, which shadowed the Batavian ships as they passed southwards down the coast of Jutland, losing sight of them at 22:00 on 11 May. Donnelly correctly guessed the Batavian force's destination, and ordered *Sylph* to separate, the two vessels following different courses, instructing White to proceed to Duncan's blockade fleet and meet Donnelly there if he was unable to rediscover the Batavian squadron *en route*. *Pegasus* and *Sylph* encountered one another shortly before 05:00 on 12 May close to Duncan's fleet south of the Texel but without having located the Batavian squadron. *Argo* and her consorts had sailed close to the Danish and German coasts during the night, seizing in passing a British cutter named *Duke of York*, travelling from Yarmouth to Hamburg. At dawn on 12 May the Batavian ships were off the Batavian coast sailing southwest towards the Texel anchorage.

## Battle

On hearing Donnelly's report, Duncan immediately despatched a small squadron to the mouth of the Texel to wait for the arrival of the Batavian squadron. Command of this squadron was given to Captain Lawrence Halstead in the 36gun frigate HMS *Phoenix*, accompanied by *Pegasus*, *Sylph* and the 50gun fourth rate HMS *Leopard*. The squadron detached at 05:00 and almost immediately the Batavian squadron was sighted to the southeast, heading for the entrance to the Texel, tacking against the northwest wind. Halstead's force was not unified, with *Pegasus* and *Sylph* far ahead of *Phoenix* and *Leopard*, and the British commander decided to deliberately detach his forces, the faster *Pegasus* and *Sylph* pursuing the brigs under Donnelly's command and Halstead's rear force attacking the frigate *Argo*. Duncan's main fleet, some distance behind Halstead, also sighted the Batavian squadron and joined the chase.

The Batavian captain, finding such a large force bearing down on him, ordered the brigs and cutter to separate from the frigate, turning with the wind in an effort to escape with Donnelly close behind. He also turned *Argo* away from the pursuing *Phoenix*, but was unable to decide whether to fight or flee and as a result changed course a number of times. This inevitably slowed his ship, and at 08:15 *Phoenix* was able to come alongside, with the advantage of the weather gage. Halstead fired a shot across the Batavian ship's bow as a warning to surrender to such overwhelming odds, but the Batavian captain refused and opened fire on the British frigate. Although *Argo* made strenuous efforts to escape during the exchange of fire, Halstead's ship was both more accurate and effective, mounting 36 18-pounder cannon and 8 32-pounder carronades to the Batavian frigate's 12-pounder main battery supplemented with a number of cannon of lower calibres. In just 20 minutes, *Phoenix* had torn much of *Argo*'s rigging, sails and masts and inflicted heavy casualties of eight killed and 28 wounded. With his ship damaged, Duncan's fleet in sight and *Leopard* not far behind *Phoenix*, the Batavian captain surrendered at 08:35, allowing Halstead to take possession of his vessel.

*Phoenix* was joined soon after the surrender of *Argo* by the 74gun ship of the line HMS *Powerful* under Captain William O'Bryen Drury and together the ships took possession of the frigate while the chase of the remainder of the Batavian squadron continued. At 10:00 two of the brigs turned towards the Batavian coastline to seek shelter and two of the leading British ships, *Pegasus* and the 50gun HMS *Leander* under Captain Maurice Delgarno, turned in chase. Donnelly sought to interpose his ships between the brigs and the coast, but found that this would have slowed his vessels so much that the Batavian brigs would have an opportunity to escape. He therefore maintained pursuit and watched the Batavian ships, *Gier* and *Echo* driven ashore at the Batavian village of Bosch. Sailing as close to the shore line as safely possible, Delgarno detached cutters to investigate the state of the grounded ships, determining that one had been damaged beyond repair while the other, having initially grounded, had been driven over the shoal into deeper water on the far side. In his report on the action, Duncan considered that a storm which swept the area on the day following the action probably drove the brig back onto the shoal and destroyed it.

The last survivors of the Batavian squadron were harried along the coast by the faster forces in the British fleet with *Sylph* overhauling the 16-gun *Mercury*, forcing it to surrender just before 11:00. The Batavian captain had thrown 14 cannon overboard in an effort to lighten his ship and allow it to escape British pursuit, but without success. Later in the day, Halstead's *Phoenix* was able to seize the Batavian prize *Duke of York*, completing the destruction of the entire Batavian squadron.

## Aftermath

Halstead brought his prizes back to Britain, where both *Argo* and *Mercury* were purchased for service by the Royal Navy as HMS *Janus* and HMS *Hermes* respectively as both of the Batavian names were already in use by the Royal Navy. British losses in the engagement were one man killed and three wounded, all suffered on *Phoenix* during the engagement with *Argo*. Apart from the losses in that exchange, no other casualties, either British or Batavian were reported. The action was the only significant engagement fought off the Batavian coast during 1796 as Duncan's force kept the main Batavian fleet contained within its anchorage in the Texel. In October 1797 however the main Batavian fleet was able to break out and sail on a raiding cruise towards the English coast. Duncan intercepted the fleet on its return to the Texel and inflicted a decisive defeat on the Batavians on 11 October at the Battle of Camperdown.

## InfoBox

| Action of 12 May 1796 | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of the French Revolutionary Wars | |
|
*The cutter Mary Ann and HMS Sylph*, Thomas Whitcombe | |
| Date 12 May 1796  Location Off Texel, North Sea  Result  British victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| Great Britain | Batavian Republic |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Lawrence Halstead | Unknown captain |
| Strength | |
| 3 frigates
1 sloop | 1 frigate
3 brigs
1 cutter |
| Casualties and losses | |
| 1 killed
3 wounded | 6 killed
28 wounded
1 frigate captured
2 brigs captured
1 brig destroyed
1 cutter destroyed |


abstract: Yan Chai Hospital Tung Chi Ying Memorial Secondary School is a government secondary school located at 210 Ma On Shan Road in Ma On Shan, Sha Tin, Hong Kong. As of 2019 Pan Yee Lin is the principal.

text:
# Yan Chai Hospital Tung Chi Ying Memorial Secondary School

**Yan Chai Hospital Tung Chi Ying Memorial Secondary School** (**YCHTCY**; Chinese: 仁濟醫院董之英紀念中學) is a government secondary school located at 210 Ma On Shan Road in Ma On Shan, Sha Tin, Hong Kong.

As of 2019 Pan Yee Lin is the principal.

## History

The school was established in 1994.

In 2019, three bullying incidents occurred within the span of a week at YCHTCY; however, further investigation showed it was some football boys playing around and the incident reported by a disgruntled teacher. The school has a stream of boys who are sponsored by Kitchee SC, a storied Hong Kong Premier League title contender club. The students attend regular school in the morning then football training in the afternoon.

## InfoBox

| Yan Chai Hospital Tung Chi Ying Memorial Secondary School | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Traditional Chinese | 仁濟醫院董之英紀念中學 |
| Simplified Chinese | 仁济医院董之英纪念中学 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Rén Jì Yīyuàn Dǒng Zhīyīng Jìniàn Zhōngxué  Yue: Cantonese  Jyutping jan4 zai3 ji1 jyun2 dung2 zi1 jing1 gei2 nim6 zung1 hok6 | |
|  | |


title: My Love Is Pink

abstract: "My Love Is Pink" is a song by English girl group Sugababes from their fifth studio album, Change (2007). It was written by band members Keisha Buchanan and Heidi Range in collaboration with the songwriting and production team Xenomania, who produced the song. "My Love Is Pink" is an uptempo dance-pop and electropop song, reminiscent of those performed by British girl group, Girls Aloud. The song was released on 10 December 2007 in the United Kingdom and Ireland as the second single from Change. It received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the composition and sound, but criticised its lyrical content. The song peaked at number five on the UK Commercial Pop Club chart and number 51 on the Slovakian Singles Chart.

text:
# My Love Is Pink

"**My Love Is Pink**" is a song by English girl group Sugababes from their fifth studio album, *Change* (2007). It was written by band members Keisha Buchanan and Heidi Range in collaboration with the songwriting and production team Xenomania, who produced the song. "My Love Is Pink" is an uptempo dance-pop and electropop song, reminiscent of those performed by British girl group, Girls Aloud. The song was released on 10 December 2007 in the United Kingdom and Ireland as the second single from *Change*. It received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the composition and sound, but criticised its lyrical content. The song peaked at number five on the UK Commercial Pop Club chart and number 51 on the Slovakian Singles Chart.

## Background and composition

"My Love Is Pink" was written by Sugababes members Keisha Buchanan and Heidi Range in collaboration with the British songwriting and production team Xenomania, consisting of Miranda Cooper, Brian Higgins, Tim Powell, Lisa Cowling and Nick Coler. Higgins and Xenomania produced the song. It was mixed by Powell and Higgins; programmed it with Cooper and Gray. "My Love Is Pink" was sent to digital retailers in the United Kingdom and Ireland on 10 December 2007 as the second single from *Change*.

The song is an uptempo dance-pop and electropop record with a high-energy dance beat. The instrumentation is provided by keyboards and a guitar. Nick Levine of Digital Spy described it as a "slightly unhinged handbag anthem operating at the point where nineties dance and noughties electro collide". Several critics noted similarities between the song and those performed by British girl group, Girls Aloud. "My Love Is Pink" was also considered by critics to be a gay anthem.

## Reception

The song received mixed reviews from critics, who were ambivalent towards its composition. Thomas H Green of *The Daily Telegraph* described it as "belligerently fizzing pop". Alexis Petridis of *The Guardian* labelled the track as "propulsive" and regarded it as a classy example of the group's "trademark clever, referential pop". Victoria Segal of *The Times* described "My Love Is Pink" as indestructible, and wrote that it confirms the group's status as "the bionic band". Lauren Murphy of Entertainment Ireland characterised it as one of the album's "sense-stirring tracks", while BBC's Tom Young praised the track as "sassy and Girls Aloud-like". According to Leon McDermott of *The Sunday Herald*, the song "jumps and squelches with its sassy brio". A critic from *The Liverpool Daily Post & Echo* considered it one of the album's highlights.

However, the song's lyrics were a focal point for criticism. Andy Gill of *The Independent* dismissed it as a "euphemism too far", while Keith Bruce of *The Sunday Herald* called the song "lyrically awful". Gavin Martin of the *Daily Mirror* described it a "frisky but a pale reflection of past G.A.Y. disco glories". *Hot Press* magazine's Pete Murphy felt that the song was a let-down and called it "standard dancefloor fodder veneered with a patina of urban and/or Afro-Caribbean sophistication". A writer for *The Scotsman* stated that regarded the song as "another of those anonymous, mass-produced party hits sung by a faceless rent-a-vocalist". Upon its release as a single, "My Love Is Pink" peaked at number five on the UK Commercial Pop Club chart, and number 51 on the Slovakian Singles Chart.

## Live performances

"My Love Is Pink" was included in the set list for the Sugababes' 2008 Change Tour, in which they wore silver, plastic dresses. The trio performed the song at the Oxegen 2008 festival as part of a set list, which included their number one singles "Freak like Me", "Round Round", "Hole in the Head", "Push the Button" and "About You Now".

## Track listings and formats

* **Digital single/CD-R Promo**

1. My Love Is Pink (Radio Version) – 3:44

## Credits and personnel

Credits adapted from the liner notes of *Change*, Island Records.

## Charts

| Chart (2008) | Peak<br>position |
| --- | --- |
| Slovakia (Rádio Top 100) | 51 |
| UK Commercial Pop Club (*Music Week*) | 5 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ireland | 10 December 2007 | Digital download | Island Records |
| United Kingdom | | | |

## InfoBox

| "My Love Is Pink" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Promotional single by Sugababes | |
| from the album  *Change* | |
| Released | 10 December 2007 (2007-12-10) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 3:44 |
| Label | Island |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) |  |
|  | |
| Audio video | |
| "My Love is Pink" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: My Thirty-Three Years' Dream

abstract: My Thirty-Three Years' Dream: The Autobiography of Miyazaki Tōten My Thirty-Three Years' Dream: The Autobiography of Miyazaki Tōten is an autobiography written by Tōten Miyazaki, first published in 1902. The English translation, published by Princeton University Press in 1982, was done by Marius B. Jansen (translator) and Etō Shinkichi. The title refers to his age in the East Asian age reckoning, which starts at age one instead of age zero. In the Western reckoning, Miyazaki was 32 years old at the time he wrote it. Joshua Fogel, in the Asia-Pacific Journal, wrote in 2007 that the work is "still one of the indispensable sources on Sun and the 1911 Revolution."

text:
# My Thirty-Three Years' Dream

***My Thirty-Three Years' Dream: The Autobiography of Miyazaki Tōten*** (三十三年之夢, *Sanjūsannen no yume*) is an autobiography written by Tōten Miyazaki, first published in 1902. The English translation, published by Princeton University Press in 1982, was done by Marius B. Jansen (translator) and Etō Shinkichi (editor, Etō is the surname here).

The title refers to his age in the East Asian age reckoning, which starts at age one instead of age zero. In the Western reckoning, Miyazaki was 32 years old at the time he wrote it.

Joshua Fogel, in the *Asia-Pacific Journal*, wrote in 2007 that the work is "still one of the indispensable sources on Sun and the 1911 Revolution."

## Background

The first book version was published in 1902. In 1903 the first translation in Chinese appeared, and subsequent translations had differing titles. A republishing of the Chinese version happened in 1925, and a new printing of the Japanese version came in 1926. Additional version of the Chinese version came in 1932 and 1934, and another Japanese edition was published in 1943.

There was a version of the original Japanese text, published by Heibonsha in 1967, that had corrections made to it. Etō Shinkichi and Miyazaki Ryūsuke, the latter a son of Miyazaki, edited this version. The 1982 translation used the 1967 version as a basis, and Etō became the editor of the translation.

There is also a version that is within the five volume collection *Miyazaki Tōten zenshū* (宮崎滔天全集), published by Heibonsha beginning in 1971. Shimada Kenji edited that version of the autobiography, and the collection's editors were Miyazaki Ryūsuke and Onogawa Hidemi. Joshua A. Fogel described this collection as "a definitive edition of his collected works".

## Contents

The book describes the feelings regarding politics when he came of age and his involvement in political affairs. According to Helen Ballhatchet, a book reviewer, Miyazaki perceived himself as failing at his goals by the time he wrote the book.

The introduction is in the form of an essay. The book has a set of footnotes, many on biographical figures.

## Reception

Ballhatchet stated that the English version was "welcome" and praised the "disarming honesty and humour". She also praised how the editor and translator worked together as native speakers of Japanese and English. Ballhatchet stated that there were some mistakes in the translation, but that the translation was "almost perfect" and that he mistakes were "minor points" which "in no way detract from the whole."

Fogel described the translation as "superb".

* Ballhatchet, Helen (June 1984). "Etō Shinkichi and Marius B. Jansen (ed. and tr.): My thirty-three years' dream: the autobiography of Miyazaki Tōten. (Princeton Library of Asian Translations.) xxviii, 298 pp. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1982. £17". *Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies*. **47** (2): 392–393. doi:10.1017/s0041977x00037939. JSTOR 617492.
* Fogel, Joshua A. (1983). "My Thirty-Three Years' Dream: The Autobiography of Miyazaki Tōten". *Journal of Japanese Studies*. **9** (2): 391–399. JSTOR 132309  via JSTOR.

### Notes

## Further reading

In Japanese * Shimada, Kenji (1976). "*Sanjūsan nen no yume* chūshaku". In Onogawa Hidemi; Miyazaki Ryūsuke (eds.). *Miyazaki Tōten zenshū* (in Japanese). Vol. 5. Tokyo: Heibonsha. pp. 565–651.


title: Melanella augur

abstract: Melanella augur is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae. The species is one of many species known to exist within the genus, Melanella.

text:
# Melanella augur

***Melanella augur*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae. The species is one of many species known to exist within the genus, *Melanella*.

## InfoBox

| *Melanella augur* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Melanella augur* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Family: | Eulimidae |
| Genus: | *Melanella* |
| Species: | ***M. augur*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Melanella augur***<br>Angas, 1865 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Eulima apheles*  Tenison-Woods, 1879 * *Eulima augur*  Angas, 1865 * *Eulima marginata*  Tenison-Woods, 1879 * *Eulima mayi*  Tate, 1900 * *Eulima murrayae*  Cotton & Godfrey, 1932 * *Eulima orthopleura*  Tate, 1898 * *Eulima planicincta*  Cotton & Godfrey, 1932 * *Eulima proxima*  G.B. Sowerby II, 1866 * *Melanella apheles*  Tenison-Woods, 1879 * *Melanella marginata*  Tenison-Woods, 1879 * *Melanella mayi*  Tate, 1900 * *Melanella murrayae*  Cotton & Godfrey, 1932 * *Melanella orthopleura*  Tate, 1898 * *Melanella planicincta*  Cotton & Godfrey, 1932 * *Melanella proxima*  Sowerby, 1866 | |


title: Frederick Slessor

abstract: Frederick George Slessor (1831–1905) was a British railway engineer who worked in England, India, South Africa, and continental Europe.

text:
# Frederick Slessor

**Frederick George Slessor** (1831–1905) was a British railway engineer who worked in England, India, South Africa, and continental Europe.

## Early life

Slessor was born in 1831 in Sidmouth, Devon, England to Major General John Henry Slessor. He attended the Sherborne School and later trained as civil engineer as a pupil of M. W. Peniston M. Inst. C.E.

## Career

In December 1874, following nomination by Sir Charles Hutton Gregory, he was appointed by Cape Government Railways, first as Chief Officer of Surveys and Resident Engineer, and then as Chief Resident Engineer of the Eastern system. After 16 years' service at the Cape he retired on a pension and returned to Britain.

Alicedale, a village in the Albany district, was named after his wife, Alice Slessor, who died in Queenstown, Eastern Cape, in September 1882.

Slessor died on 15 October 1905 in Somerset, England.

## Publications

* *Reports by Mr. Slessor, Chief Resident Engineer and Mr. Tilney, Locomotive Superintendent of the East London and Queens's Town Railway, of Trials of Coal from the Indwe and Molteno Mines*. South Africa: Cape of Good Hope. 1880. with J D Tilney
* *Report of His Recent Examination of the Country to be Traversed by a Junction Line Between the Midland and Eastern Railways*. Cape of Good Hope (South Africa): Richards. 1886.

1. Sherborne Register 1842, p. 41.
2. "Minutes of the proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: volume 168, issue 1907, pp. 354–355: Obituary, Frederick George Slessor, 1831-1905". *ICE virtual library*. Institution of Civil Engineers. 2015. doi:10.1680/imotp.1907.17311. ISSN 1753-7843. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
3. "Cultural & Historical interest". Archived from the original on 26 September 2014. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
4. Raper 1989, p. 56.
5. Queenstown Free Press & 21 September 1882.
6. Marriage Registers 1867.
7. "Marriages". *Exeter and Plymouth Gazette*. 20 September 1867. p. 5 col F. Retrieved 27 September 2014  via British Newspaper Archive.

## InfoBox

| Frederick George SlessorM. Inst. C.E. ACK | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1831
Sidmouth, Devon, England |
| Died | (1905-10-15)15 October 1905
Somerset, England |
| Occupation | Engineer |
| Known for | Designing and building railways |


title: Melanella becki

abstract: Melanella becki is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae. The species is one of many species known to exist within the genus, Melanella.

text:
# Melanella becki

***Melanella becki*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae. The species is one of many species known to exist within the genus, *Melanella*.

## InfoBox

| *Melanella becki* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Family: | Eulimidae |
| Genus: | *Melanella* |
| Species: | ***M. becki*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Melanella becki***<br>Turton, 1932 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Eulima becki*  Turton, 1932 | |


title: Melanoleuca privernensis

abstract: Melanoleuca privernensis is a species of fungus in the Pluteaceae family. It was originally named Kinia privernensis in 2008 and a new genus Kinia was erected to contain it. Two years later, molecular analysis showed that it was closely related to Melanoleuca, and Kinia was reduced to a subgenus of Melanoleuca.

text:
# Melanoleuca privernensis

***Melanoleuca privernensis*** is a species of fungus in the Pluteaceae family. It was originally named *Kinia privernensis* in 2008 and a new genus *Kinia* was erected to contain it. Two years later, molecular analysis showed that it was closely related to *Melanoleuca*, and *Kinia* was reduced to a subgenus of *Melanoleuca*.

## InfoBox

| *Melanoleuca privernensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Pluteaceae |
| Genus: | *Melanoleuca* |
| Species: | ***M. privernensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Melanoleuca privernensis***<br>(Consiglio, Contu, Setti & Vizzini) Consiglio, Setti & Vizzini | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Kinia privernensis* Consiglio, Contu, Setti & Vizzini | |


title: Frederick Slocum

abstract: Frederick Slocum was an American astronomer. He was the director of Van Vleck Observatory.

text:
# Frederick Slocum

**Frederick Slocum** (February 6, 1873 – December 4, 1944) was an American astronomer. He was the director of Van Vleck Observatory.

## Biography

He was born in Fairhaven, Massachusetts to Frederick and Lydia Ann Jones Slocum. His father was a whaling ship captain, and Frederick spent much of his youth mastering boat handling. He enrolled at Brown University in 1891, and was awarded his A.B. in 1895 and a Ph.D. in 1898. He joined the staff of Brown University as a mathematics instructor, then became an assistant professor of astronomy in 1900 under the influence of Professor Winslow Upton at Ladd Observatory. Frederick Slocum took a leave of absence 1908–9 to study at the Royal Astronomical Observatory in Potsdam, Germany. He joined Yerkes Observatory in 1909 as an assistant, and remained there until 1911. He assisted Samuel A. Mitchell in research with parallax measurement techniques, and these were published in 1913.

In 1914, Slocum became the first professor of astronomy at Wesleyan University, where he planned and supervised the construction of Van Vleck Observatory. He became director of the observatory in 1915, and held this post until 1944. During World War I, he was absent while training merchant captains in the skill of navigation for the United States Shipping Board. He also spent some time at Brown University as professor in charge of the Department of Naval Science, before returning. He retired from Wesleyan in failing health on November 1, 1944.

He was a member of the American Astronomical Society and would join the Committee on Stellar Parallaxes. Their work would eventually result in the "Yale Parallax Catalogue." He served as a vice president of the society from 1935–37. In 1934, he served as vice president of Section D in the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

He married Carrie E. Tripp in 1899, and the couple remained together until her death in 1942. Slocum died in 1944 at the age of 71. He was survived by his brother, Edward M. Slocum, whose daughter Lois would also become an astronomer.

## Published works

* Slocum, F.; Mitchell, S. A. (1913). "Stellar parallaxes from photographs made with the 40-inch refractor of the Yerkes Observatory". *The Astrophysical Journal*. **38**: 1. Bibcode:1913ApJ....38....1S. doi:10.1086/142012.
* Slocum, Frederick (1924). "Effects of Atmospheric Dispersion upon Determinations of Stellar Parallax". *The Astrophysical Journal*. **59**: 108. Bibcode:1924ApJ....59..108S. doi:10.1086/142797.

## Awards and honors

## InfoBox

| Frederick Slocum | |
| --- | --- |
| Slocum teaching a class at Brown University, 1914. | |
| Born | 6 February 1873
Fairhaven, Massachusetts |
| Died | 4 December 1944
Middletown, Massachusetts |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Astronomy |
|  | |


title: Xuecheng District

abstract: Xuecheng is a district and the seat of Zaozhuang, Shandong province, China, ever named by "lin cheng ". It has an area of 506.72 km⁲ and around 405,285 inhabitants (2003). As of the end of 2022, the resident population of Xuecheng District was 485,637. As of May 2022, Xuecheng District has five streets and four towns under its jurisdiction, with the district government stationed at No. 2 Yongfu Middle Road. Xuecheng is the hometown of national suona, national paper-cutting hometown, national martial arts hometown, national advanced district of mass culture, the birthplace of Shandong Express Scripts, the hometown of Xi Zhong, the originator of car-making, and the hometown of railroad guerrillas.

text:
# Xuecheng District

**Xuecheng** (Chinese: 薛城区; pinyin: *Xuēchéng Qū*) is a district and the seat of Zaozhuang, Shandong province, China, ever named by "lin cheng ". It has an area of 506.72 km2 and around 405,285 inhabitants (2003). As of the end of 2022, the resident population of Xuecheng District was 485,637. As of May 2022, Xuecheng District has five streets and four towns under its jurisdiction, with the district government stationed at No. 2 Yongfu Middle Road. Xuecheng is the hometown of national suona, national paper-cutting hometown, national martial arts hometown, national advanced district of mass culture, the birthplace of Shandong Express Scripts, the hometown of Xi Zhong, the originator of car-making, and the hometown of railroad guerrillas.

## Administrative divisions

As 2012, this district is divided to 3 subdistricts and 6 towns.

It also plans to prepare for the establishment of Jushan Subdistricts（巨山街道） in Xuecheng District.

Subdistricts * Lincheng Subdistrict (临城街道)
* Xingren Subdistrict (兴仁街道)
* Xingcheng Subdistrict (兴城街道)

Towns

In 2019, Changzhuang Town（常庄镇） was abolished and Changzhuang Subdistricts（常庄街道） was established.

In 2020, Jusan Subdistricts（巨山街道） was renamed Xincheng Subdistricts（新城街道）.

As of May 2022, Xuecheng District has five Subdistricts and four towns under its jurisdiction.

## Climate

| Climate data for Xuecheng (1999–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.7
(62.1) | 25.0
(77.0) | 28.2
(82.8) | 33.2
(91.8) | 37.9
(100.2) | 38.0
(100.4) | 39.9
(103.8) | 37.0
(98.6) | 35.5
(95.9) | 32.0
(89.6) | 25.9
(78.6) | 21.1
(70.0) | 39.9
(103.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.5
(41.9) | 8.8
(47.8) | 15.1
(59.2) | 21.4
(70.5) | 26.9
(80.4) | 30.9
(87.6) | 31.7
(89.1) | 30.8
(87.4) | 27.3
(81.1) | 21.7
(71.1) | 14.1
(57.4) | 7.1
(44.8) | 20.1
(68.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.2
(34.2) | 4.1
(39.4) | 9.9
(49.8) | 16.0
(60.8) | 21.6
(70.9) | 25.8
(78.4) | 27.4
(81.3) | 26.7
(80.1) | 22.7
(72.9) | 16.9
(62.4) | 9.6
(49.3) | 3.0
(37.4) | 15.4
(59.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.1
(28.2) | 0.5
(32.9) | 5.5
(41.9) | 11.3
(52.3) | 16.9
(62.4) | 21.4
(70.5) | 24.0
(75.2) | 23.4
(74.1) | 18.9
(66.0) | 12.9
(55.2) | 6.0
(42.8) | −0.3
(31.5) | 11.5
(52.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −12.6
(9.3) | −12.2
(10.0) | −9.3
(15.3) | −0.5
(31.1) | 4.7
(40.5) | 12.4
(54.3) | 16.5
(61.7) | 12.9
(55.2) | 6.8
(44.2) | −1.0
(30.2) | −8.5
(16.7) | −12.4
(9.7) | −12.6
(9.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 13.2
(0.52) | 16.8
(0.66) | 18.1
(0.71) | 38.4
(1.51) | 66.4
(2.61) | 85.0
(3.35) | 239.5
(9.43) | 185.5
(7.30) | 72.7
(2.86) | 33.2
(1.31) | 32.7
(1.29) | 16.2
(0.64) | 817.7
(32.19) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 3.6 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 7.4 | 12.8 | 12.0 | 7.3 | 6.0 | 5.5 | 4.0 | 79.8 |
| Average snowy days | 3.0 | 2.6 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 7.9 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 60 | 59 | 55 | 58 | 62 | 65 | 79 | 79 | 72 | 65 | 65 | 62 | 65 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 133.6 | 137.0 | 193.2 | 212.6 | 226.1 | 197.3 | 176.7 | 171.8 | 162.1 | 161.1 | 146.3 | 145.7 | 2,063.5 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 43 | 44 | 52 | 54 | 52 | 46 | 40 | 42 | 44 | 46 | 48 | 48 | 47 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Xuecheng District belongs to the warm temperate monsoon continental climate, with significant continental climate characteristics.

## Geography

Xuecheng District, located in the south of Shandong Province, on the shore of Weishan Lake, with a total area of 422.71 square kilometers, is the resident of the People's Government of Zaozhuang City.

Xuecheng District is located in the hilly area of Lunan and the Jianghuai Plain.The terrain is divided into three categories: plains, hills and depressions.The plains account for 50% of the total area, the hills for 34.1%, and the floodplains for 15.9%, with the lowest point being Panjiaduokou.

## Transportation

The railroad section in Xuecheng District has Beijing-Shanghai Railway and Xuezao Railway.

The highway section has Zaohe Expressway, Jingtai Expressway, S318 Tanlan Line, S238 Dianhan Line, and National Highway 518.

## Main tourist attractions

**Zaozhuang People's Heroes Memorial Park(枣庄市人民英雄纪念园)**，located in Rinsan Park, there is the Martyrs' Memorial Wall, the Martyrs' Memorial Stonehenge, and a monument labeled "People's Heroes Forever"(人民英雄永垂不朽).

**Ling Shan Pavilion(临山阁)，**by the pedestal, the main attic, helmet top three parts, five layers, four eaves, Song-style architectural style.

**Zhong Chen Hao kiln site(中郝窑址)，**created in the North and South Dynasties, through the Ming and Qing Dynasties for more than 1500 years, the main products are handmade antique ceramics made of kaolin clay.In 2006, it was selected as one of the sixth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

## InfoBox

| Xuecheng District 薛城区 | |
| --- | --- |
| District | |
| Location in Zaozhuang | |
| Zaozhuang in Shandong | |
| Coordinates: 34°46′28″N 117°15′05″E / 34.77444°N 117.25139°E / 34.77444; 117.25139 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Shandong |
| Prefecture-level city | Zaozhuang |
| Area | |
| Total | 423.02 km2 (163.33 sq mi) |
| Population (2016) | |
| Total | 462,500 |
| Density | 1,100/km2 (2,800/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 277000 |


abstract: The New York University Journal of International Law and Politics is a student-edited international law review at New York University School of Law. The journal publishes articles, essays, notes, and commentary that cover a wide range of topics in international and comparative law.

text:
# New York University Journal of International Law and Politics

The ***New York University Journal of International Law and Politics*** is a student-edited international law review at New York University School of Law. The journal publishes articles, essays, notes, and commentary that cover a wide range of topics in international and comparative law.

## History

The *New York University Journal of International Law and Politics* was established in 1968 with the aid of a Ford Foundation grant. It features articles on international legal topics, as well as notes, case comments, and book annotations written by journal members.

From 1985 to 1986, the Managing Editor of the Journal was Benjamin B. Wagner, current United States Attorney for the Eastern District of California.

## Content

The journal publishes four issues per year on diverse topics in both public and private international law. Recent issues have included articles on international human rights law, privatization in Eastern Europe and Latin America, international aspects of intellectual property law, the future of nationalism, and asset securitization in Japan. Recent contributors include: Sandra Day O'Connor, Mohammed Bedjaoui, Stephen M. Schwebel, Jagdish Bhagwati, Shimon Peres, Kofi Annan, and three Justices from the Constitutional Court of South Africa: Arthur Chaskalson, Richard Goldstone, and Albie Sachs.

The journal is the creator and publisher of the *Guide to Foreign and International Citation*. This international citation manual provides information on the appropriate citation of foreign, multinational, and international sources, including the publications of organizations such as the United Nations and the World Trade Organization.

## Events

Since 1982, the *New York University Journal of International Law and Politics* hosts an annual symposium on an important topic of international law. Recent topics have included climate change, financing development, governance, nuclear power, and other issues.

## InfoBox

*New York University Journal of International Law and Politics*
| Discipline | Law |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Heather McAdams |
| Publication details | |
| History | 1968–present |
| Publisher | New York University School of Law (United States) |
| Frequency | Quarterly |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| Bluebook | *N.Y.U. J. Int'l L. & Pol.* |
| ISO 4 | *N. Y. Univ. J. Int. Law Politics* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 0028-7873 (print)
1930-6237 (web)
 |
| LCCN | 70003415 |
| OCLC no. | 2251321 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Jon Lee (mathematician)

abstract: Jon Lee is an American mathematician and operations researcher, the G. Lawton and Louise G. Johnson Professor of Engineering at the University of Michigan. He is known for his research in nonlinear discrete optimization and combinatorial optimization.

text:
# Jon Lee (mathematician)

**Jon Lee** (born 1960) is an American mathematician and operations researcher, the G. Lawton and Louise G. Johnson Professor of Engineering at the University of Michigan. He is known for his research in nonlinear discrete optimization and combinatorial optimization.

## Biography

Lee graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1977. He did both his undergraduate and graduate studies at Cornell University, earning a bachelor's degree in 1981 and a Ph.D. in 1986 under the supervision of Robert G. Bland. Lee was a faculty member at Yale University from 1985 until 1993, when he moved to the mathematics department at the University of Kentucky. From 2000 to 2011, he worked at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, after which he returned to academia at the University of Michigan. From 2010 through 2012, Lee was chair of the INFORMS Optimization Society. In 2018–2021, Lee was Editor-in-Chief of the journal Mathematical Programming, Series A.

## Books

Lee is the author of *A First Course in Combinatorial Optimization* (Cambridge University Press, 2004) and *A First Course in Linear Optimization* (Reex Press, 2013). He is co-author, with Marcia Fampa, of *Maximum-Entropy Sampling: Algorithms and Application* (Springer, 2022). He is co-editor of: *Trends in Optimization* (American Mathematical Society, 2004), *Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming* (Springer, 2012), *Integer Programming and Combinatorial Optimization* (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 8494; Springer, 2014), *Special Issue: Integer Programming and Combinatorial Optimization, 2014* (Mathematical Programming, Series B. Issue 1-2, December 2015), and *Combinatorial Optimization* (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 10856; Springer, 2018).

## Awards and honors

In 2010, Lee and his co-authors won the ICS Prize of the INFORMS Computing Society for their work showing that many combinatorial feasibility problems could be recast as systems of polynomial equations in complex variables and then shown to be infeasible by applying Hilbert's Nullstellensatz and a wide variety of computational techniques.

In 2013, Lee was elected as a Fellow of INFORMS.


title: Myosotis dissitiflora

abstract: Myosotis dissitiflora is a species of forget-me-not native to the Caucasus. It is one of the largest-flowered species in Myosotis. There used to be a dozen of ornamental cultivars during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, but they are all lost now. Currently there exist two known cultivars, namely 'Baby Blue' and 'Myomark'.

text:
# Myosotis dissitiflora

***Myosotis dissitiflora*** is a species of forget-me-not native to the Caucasus. It is one of the largest-flowered species in *Myosotis*. There used to be a dozen of ornamental cultivars during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, but they are all lost now. Currently there exist two known cultivars, namely 'Baby Blue' and 'Myomark'.

## InfoBox

| *Myosotis dissitiflora* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Boraginales |
| Family: | Boraginaceae |
| Genus: | *Myosotis* |
| Species: | ***M. dissitiflora*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Myosotis dissitiflora***<br>Baker | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Myosotis amoena* (Rupr.) Boiss. * *Myosotis caucasica* Domin * *Myosotis dissitiflora* var. *dyerae* E.J.Lowe ex Hook.f. * *Myosotis dyerae* (E.J.Lowe ex Hook.f.) P.D.Sell * *Strophiostoma amoena* Rupr. | |