title: Ali Rafea

abstract: Ali Rafea, also known as Ahmed Rafea or Master (Assayed) Ali, is a professor of computer science at The American University in Cairo (AUC), Egypt. Rafea also heads the Egyptian Society for Spiritual and Cultural Research (ESSCR).

text:
# Ali Rafea

**Ali Rafea** (born 1950, Cairo, Egypt), also known as **Ahmed Rafea** or **Master (Assayed) Ali**, is a professor of computer science at The American University in Cairo (AUC), Egypt. Rafea also heads the Egyptian Society for Spiritual and Cultural Research (ESSCR).

## Early life and education

Ali Rafea was born on April 7, 1950, in Cairo, Egypt. He is the fifth of ten siblings, and the eldest of three brothers. He attended public primary, preparatory, and secondary schools in Cairo, Egypt and graduated from Cairo University. In 1973, Rafea earned a Bachelor of Science degree in electronics and communication engineering, and in 1975, earned a graduate diploma in computer science from the Institute of Statistical Studies and Research (also at Cairo University). Rafea continued his studies at Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France, where he received another graduate diploma in Computer Science (D.E.A.) in 1977 and completed a PhD in computer science in 1980.

In 1993, Rafea was the Chair of Computer Science Department, Institute of Statistical Studies and Research, Cairo University. In 1998, Rafea was the Vice Dean for Education and Student Affairs of the Faculty of Computers and Information at Cairo University.

His research interests include data, text and web mining, natural language processing, and machine translation, and knowledge engineering and knowledge-based system development.

Rafea is a spiritual teacher, and the head of The Egyptian Society for Spiritual and Cultural Research ESSCR, and his teachings about Islamic spirituality focus on the revelation to the Islamic prophet Muhammad as an inclusive path that reflects the unity of all revelations and words of wisdom, ancient and modern, beyond diversities of expressions. Rafea is recognized by Who's Who in the World, 11th Edition, 1993–1994, and recognized by Who's Who in Science and Engineering, 2nd Edition, in 1994.

## Career

Ali Rafea initiated a spiritual cultural and educational project that includes four books. The first book in that series is *Beyond Diversities: Reflections on Revelation*, which traces a common spiritual path found in heavenly revelations and primordial religions, according to research on sacred texts. The second book *Islam from Adam to Muhammad and Beyond*, which is about how the revelation to Muhammad reintroduced, confirmed and clarified this one common path of spirituality. The third book, *Divine Revelation and Human Interpretations: Opening New Horizons*, explores different mindsets behind the varied readings of Islamic scriptures, differentiating between an open approach and closed ones with different degrees of tolerance. Ali Rafea's approach encourages varied interpretations, as long as those interpretations align with the message of love and peace (pacifism).

Ali Rafea has also been leading the ESSCR for about 52 years. In 2008, the Egyptian Society for Spiritual and Cultural Research (ESSCR), under the leadership of Ali Rafea organized Peace Responsibility Symposium with the International Association of Sufism (IAS). Ali Rafea is recently working on extracting the issues he preached in his speeches through the years aiming at introducing an ontology defining the concepts raised in those issues in a structured way

### Computer Science

Master Ali Rafea (known in the academic field as Ahmed Rafea) is a computer science professor and was the chair of the Computer Science and Engineering Department at The American University in Cairo (2013-2019). Rafea served also as the chair of the Department of Computer Science and vice dean at the Faculty of Computers and Information, Cairo University. He was also a visiting professor in San Diego State University, and National University in the United States. Rafea has led many projects, using artificial intelligence and expert systems technologies for the development of the agriculture sector in Egypt. The first project started in 1989 and funded by UNDP. The project's main objective was to use expert system technology to transfer agricultural research results to the field through extension services in the Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture, and one of the outputs of this project was the first real expert system in agriculture that has been deployed and used in the field in Egypt. Rafea was the founder of the Central Laboratory for Agricultural Expert Systems (CLAES) in the Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, and he supervised the activities of this lab. He was also the lead national consultant of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in two projects funded by FAO and the Italian Debt Swap Fund to build a rural and agricultural development communication network using information and communication technology. Rafea was also the principal investigator of several projects for developing intelligent systems and machine translation in collaboration with European and American Universities. He was a member of the Center of Excellence on Data Mining and Computer Modeling, sponsored by the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology.

## Personal life

Ali Rafea is married to Assayeda Azza Rifa'a, a grand-granddaughter of Refa'a Rafi' al-Tahtawi. Rafea has three children, Muhammad, Nora, and Mahmoud.

## Publications and bibliography

Rafea has authored over 200 scientific papers. Selected papers are listed below.

* Rafea, Ali, Rafea, Aliaa, & Rafea, Aisha. (2022). *One Humanity - One Home: Journeys of Spiritual Seekers*. (Co-author). The Human Foundation for Publication and Distribution, 2022. ISBN 978-9776657090.
* Rafea, Ali, Rafea, Aliaa, & Rafea, Aisha. (2021). *Divine Revelation and Human Interpretations: Opening New Horizon (Co-author). In English, published by The Human Foundation for Publication and Distribution* (HFPD), Cairo, Egypt. ISBN 978-977-6657-07-6
* Rafea, Ali, Rafea, Aliaa, & Rafea, Aisha. (2015). *Divine Revelation and Human Interpretations: Opening New Horizon (Co-author). In Arabic, published by The Human Foundation for Publication and Distribution* (HFPD), Cairo, Egypt. The Same book in Arabic published. ISBN 978-977-85005-4-7.
* Rafea, Ali, Rafea, Aliaa, & Rafea, Aisha. (2004). *The Book of Essential Islam*, (Co-author), The Book Foundation, London UK. ISBN 1-904510-13-2.
* Rafea, Ali, Rafea, Aliaa, & Rafea, Aisha. (2004). *Islam from Adam to Muhammad and Beyond*, London England: The Book Foundation.
* Rafea, Ali, Rafea, Aliaa, & Rafea, Aisha. (2005). *Beyond Diversities: Reflections on Revelation*, Co-author with Ali Rafea and Aisha Rafea, Dar Sadek, Alexandria, Egypt. Nahidt Misr Publication. ISBN 977-14-3220-6.

## InfoBox

| Ali Rafea | |
| --- | --- |
| Ahmed Rafea | |
| Born | (1950-04-07) April 7, 1950<br>Cairo, Egypt |
| Nationality | Egyptian |
| Occupation(s) | Computer scientist and Sufi leader |
| Known for | Egyptian Society for Spiritual and Cultural Research (ESSCR) |
| Spouse(s) | Assayeda Azza Rifa'a, a grand-granddaughter of Refa'a Rafi' al-Tahtawi |
| Children | 3 (Muhammad, Nora, and Mahmoud) |
| Parent(s) | Rafea Muhammad Rafea and Hazami Rifa'a |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Education | Cairo University |
| Alma mater | Paul Sabatier University |
| Academic work | |
| Institutions | The American University in Cairo |
| Main interests | Computer science; Sufism |
|  | |


title: McCullough Park (Houston)

abstract: McCullough Park is a park located in the Independence Heights neighborhood of Houston, Texas, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was originally called Independence Park but was renamed by the city of Houston after its acquisition of Houston Heights in 1929. Its NRHP nomination states: "Independence Park is the only public space remaining from the early years of Independence Heights. In 1910, the Wright Land Company set aside some eight lots in the northeast portion of the subdivision for a community park and named it Independence Park. The park provided important community space for church gatherings, school activities, and annual Juneteenth celebrations. Although parks were often part of white neighborhoods during this period, few African American communities had such dedicated space and few larger community parks were open to blacks." Elsewhere segregation in parks "was enforced by custom first and then by local ordinance in 1922". It was listed on the National Register in 1997 as "Independence Park".

text:
# McCullough Park (Houston)

**McCullough Park** is a park located in the Independence Heights neighborhood of Houston, Texas, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was originally called **Independence Park** but was renamed by the city of Houston after its acquisition of Houston Heights in 1929.

Its NRHP nomination states: "Independence Park is the only public space remaining from the early years of Independence Heights. In 1910, the Wright Land Company set aside some eight lots in the northeast portion of the subdivision for a community park and named it Independence Park. The park provided important community space for church gatherings, school activities, and annual Juneteenth celebrations. Although parks were often part of white neighborhoods during this period, few African American communities had such dedicated space and few larger community parks were open to blacks."

Elsewhere segregation in parks "was enforced by custom first and then by local ordinance in 1922".

It was listed on the National Register in 1997 as "Independence Park".

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Independence Park | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Roughly bounded by 1000 Blk. of E. 40th St., Houston, Texas |
| Coordinates | 29°49′21″N 95°23′11″W / 29.82250°N 95.38639°W / 29.82250; -95.38639 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1910 |
| MPS | Independence Heights MPS |
| NRHP reference No. | 97000544 |
| Added to NRHP | June 4, 1997 |


title: Murder of Danielle Jones

abstract: The murder of Danielle Jones was an English child murder case involving a 15-year-old schoolgirl who disappeared from East Tilbury, Essex, England. There was a large and exhaustive search to find Jones' body and it was considered one of the biggest cases Essex Police had to deal with at the time. Despite the police's best efforts, her body was never found. On 19 December 2002, Stuart Campbell, Jones' uncle, was convicted of her abduction and murder. Campbell was sentenced to life imprisonment for murder as well as 10 years for abduction. The conviction relied upon forensic authorship analysis of text messages sent on the victim's mobile phone. After the trial, controversy arose when it was revealed Campbell had prior convictions for indecent assault on other girls of similar ages. The use of forensic authorship analysis of text messages in the case provoked research into its use in other cases. Her disappearance made national headlines, the case received significant media coverage during Jones' disappearance and subsequent trial. It is considered a high-profile case in Essex.

text:
# Murder of Danielle Jones

The **murder of Danielle Jones** was an English child murder case involving a 15-year-old schoolgirl who disappeared from East Tilbury, Essex, England. There was a large and exhaustive search to find Jones' body and it was considered one of the biggest cases Essex Police had to deal with at the time. Despite the police's best efforts, her body was never found.

On 19 December 2002, Stuart Campbell, Jones' uncle, was convicted of her abduction and murder. Campbell was sentenced to life imprisonment for murder as well as 10 years for abduction. The conviction relied upon forensic authorship analysis of text messages sent on the victim's mobile phone.

After the trial, controversy arose when it was revealed Campbell had prior convictions for indecent assault on other girls of similar ages. The use of forensic authorship analysis of text messages in the case provoked research into its use in other cases.

Her disappearance made national headlines, the case received significant media coverage during Jones' disappearance and subsequent trial. It is considered a high-profile case in Essex.

## Disappearance and investigation

15-year-old Danielle Sarah Jones was last seen near her home in East Tilbury, Essex, on the morning of 18 June 2001, while walking to a bus stop.

Suspicion fell on Campbell almost immediately and he was first arrested on 23 June 2001, five days after Jones went missing. Detectives had delayed his arrest while weighing the possibility of endangering Jones's life, on the presumption she was still alive and being held against her will, against the possibility of Campbell leading the police to her.

The investigation included several appeals to the public for information, including a reconstruction on the BBC television programme *Crimewatch*. During the investigation, more than 900 police officers and support staff searched more than 1500 locations for Jones's body, as within two months of her disappearance police working on the case were convinced that she was dead.

On 15 March 2002, a body was found in a cement works in an industrial area of Northfleet, Kent. It had been speculated that the body was Jones, but it was identified as Hannah Williams, a schoolgirl from Dartford, Kent.

## Murder trial

| Stuart Campbell | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Stuart James Campbell
(1958-02-21) 21 February 1958
Maldon, Essex, England |
| Occupation | Builder |
| Criminal status | Incarcerated |
| Spouse | Debbie Jones |
| Children | 2 |
|  | |
| Conviction(s) | Murder, abduction (2002)
Unlawful detainment of a minor (1989) |
| Criminal penalty | Life imprisonment with the possibility of parole after 20 years, concurrent sentence of 10 years in prison (2002)
12-month suspended sentence (1989) |
|  | |

On 17 August 2001, police re-arrested Campbell on suspicion of murder, after finding "significant evidence" that appeared to support their theory that Danielle Jones was now dead.

A police superintendent said to the BBC that Campbell "developed a relationship with Danielle that was certainly inappropriate and probably unlawful." Jones apparently tried to disengage, but Campbell resisted. By 14 November 2001, the Crown Prosecution Service decided that the police had enough evidence to charge Campbell with murder – even though her body had not been found.

On 14 October 2002, Campbell went on trial for abduction and murder before Mr Justice McKinnon and a jury, having spent 11 months on remand. The Crown's case rested upon several pieces of evidence. Jones had disappeared without contacting her parents and had been seen talking to a man in a blue Ford Transit van resembling Campbell's on the morning of her disappearance. The testing of blood-stained stockings discovered in the loft of Campbell's house found DNA matching both himself and his niece; lip gloss used by Jones was also found in Campbell's home. A diary kept by Campbell revealed an obsession with teenage girls, with testimonies that Campbell had manipulated young girls into posing for topless photographs.

> HI STU THANKZ 4 BEIN SO NICE UR THE BEST UNCLE EVER! TELL MUM I'M SO SORRY LUVYA LOADZ DAN XXX
>
> The text message that Campbell claimed Jones had sent to him. The message was sent in uppercase; however, Danielle habitually sent messages in lowercase.

Mobile Switching Centre records demonstrated that Campbell's alibi of being at a D-I-Y store half an hour away in Rayleigh was false and that Campbell's and Jones's mobile phones had been within the range of a single mobile phone mast at the time that a text message had allegedly been sent by Jones to Campbell. This, along with forensic authorship analysis, indicated that Campbell had written the message, not Jones, implying that Campbell had sent the message to himself using Jones's phone to make it appear that she was still alive.

Campbell was found guilty of both charges on 19 December 2002 and sentenced by Mr Justice McKinnon to life imprisonment for murder to run concurrently with a 10-year sentence for abduction. The High Court later ruled that Campbell should serve a minimum of 20 years before being considered for parole, meaning that he would remain imprisoned until at least November 2022 at the age of 64. In January 2023, he was refused parole.

## Aftermath of the trial

After his trial, it was revealed that in 1989, Campbell had received a 12-month suspended sentence for forcibly detaining a 14-year-old girl in his house and taking indecent photographs of her.

The use of text-message evidence in the trial led a group of researchers at the University of Leicester to begin studying text-messaging styles under the hypothesis that forensic research into the authorship analysis of such messages might help in future criminal cases.

In 2004, Campbell was granted leave to appeal against his conviction on the grounds that evidence of his obsession with Jones, and of his interest in schoolgirls, should have been excluded at his trial and on the further grounds that one of the jurors, the next-door neighbour of a police officer involved in the case, should have been discharged. The appeal was dismissed in 2005 by the Court of Appeal.

On 28 July 2005, an inquest by the coroner was held into Danielle Jones's disappearance, returning a verdict of unlawful killing. Police interviews with Campbell in prison reported that Campbell had still refused to tell them where he had disposed of his victim's body.

In May 2017, Essex and Kent Police forces began searching a garage block in Stifford Clays, Thurrock, after receiving new information, and "did not rule out" looking for a body. It was reported that similar information regarding suspicious activity around the garages had been received at the time Danielle Jones disappeared, but had not been followed up in the initial investigation. A spokesperson for Essex Police said the force was "working to ascertain why these were not searched as part of the original investigation." It was subsequently announced that no discovery had been made.

Campbell was denied parole in 2023.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Danielle Jones | |
| --- | --- |
| Photograph of Danielle Jones | |
| Born | Danielle Sarah Jones
(1985-10-16)16 October 1985
East Tilbury, Essex, England |
| Disappeared | 18 June 2001 (aged 15) |
| Status | Missing for 23 years, 3 months and 17 days; declared dead *in absentia* on 28 July 2005(2005-07-28) (aged 19) |
| Died | c. 18 June 2001 (aged 15)
Unknown |
| Cause of death | Murder |
| Height | 1.73 m (5.7 ft) |
| Parent(s) | Anthony and Linda Jones |


title: Municipalities of Campeche

abstract: Campeche is a state on the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico that is divided into thirteen municipalities. According to the 2020 Mexican census, Campeche is the third least populous state with 928,363 inhabitants and the 17th largest by land area spanning 57,693.59 square kilometres (22,275.62 sq mi). Municipalities in Campeche are administratively autonomous of the state according to the 115th article of the 1917 Constitution of Mexico. Every three years, citizens elect a municipal president by a plurality voting system who heads a concurrently elected municipal council (ayuntamiento) responsible for providing all the public services for their constituents. The municipal council consists of a variable number of trustees and councillors. Municipalities are responsible for public services, street lighting, public safety, traffic, and the maintenance of public parks, gardens and cemeteries. They may also assist the state and federal governments in education, emergency fire and medical services, environmental protection and maintenance of monuments and historical landmarks. Since 1984, they have had the power to collect property taxes and user fees, although more funds are obtained from the state and federal governments than from their own income. The largest municipality by population in Campeche is the state capital Campeche, with 294,077 residents, while the smallest municipality by population is Palizada with 8,683 residents. The largest municipality by area is Calakmul, which spans 14,031.51 km⁲ (5,417.60 sq mi), while Tenabo is the smallest at 1,061.63 km⁲ (409.90 sq mi). The first municipalities to incorporate were Campeche, Carmen, and Hecelchakán on April 6, 1825, and the newest municipalities are Dzitbalché and Seybaplaya, which incorporated January 1, 2021.

text:
# Municipalities of Campeche

Campeche is a state on the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico that is divided into thirteen municipalities. According to the 2020 Mexican census, Campeche is the third least populous state with 928,363 inhabitants and the 17th largest by land area spanning 57,693.59 square kilometres (22,275.62 sq mi).

Municipalities in Campeche are administratively autonomous of the state according to the 115th article of the 1917 Constitution of Mexico. Every three years, citizens elect a municipal president (Spanish: *presidente municipal*) by a plurality voting system who heads a concurrently elected municipal council (*ayuntamiento*) responsible for providing all the public services for their constituents. The municipal council consists of a variable number of trustees and councillors (*regidores y síndicos*). Municipalities are responsible for public services (such as water and sewerage), street lighting, public safety, traffic, and the maintenance of public parks, gardens and cemeteries. They may also assist the state and federal governments in education, emergency fire and medical services, environmental protection and maintenance of monuments and historical landmarks. Since 1984, they have had the power to collect property taxes and user fees, although more funds are obtained from the state and federal governments than from their own income.

The largest municipality by population in Campeche is the state capital Campeche, with 294,077 residents, while the smallest municipality by population is Palizada with 8,683 residents. The largest municipality by area is Calakmul, which spans 14,031.51 km2 (5,417.60 sq mi), while Tenabo is the smallest at 1,061.63 km2 (409.90 sq mi). The first municipalities to incorporate were Campeche, Carmen, and Hecelchakán on April 6, 1825, and the newest municipalities are Dzitbalché and Seybaplaya, which incorporated January 1, 2021.

## Municipalities

State capital

|
|  |
Municipalities of Campeche
| Name | Municipal seat | Population
(2020) | Population
(2010) | Change | Land area | | Population density
(2020) | Incorporation date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | km2 | sq mi | | |
| Calakmul | Xpujil | 31,714 | 26,882 | +18.0% | 14,031.51 | 5,417.60 | 2.3/km2 (5.9/sq mi) | December 31, 1996 |
| Calkiní | Calkiní | 59,232 | 52,890 | +12.0% | 2,108.70 | 814.17 | 28.1/km2 (72.8/sq mi) | July 4, 1862 |
| Campeche | Campeche | 294,077 | 259,005 | +13.5% | 3,253.63 | 1,256.23 | 90.4/km2 (234.1/sq mi) | April 6, 1825 |
| Candelaria | Candelaria | 46,913 | 41,194 | +13.9% | 5,687.63 | 2,196.01 | 8.2/km2 (21.4/sq mi) | July 1, 1998 |
| Carmen | Ciudad del Carmen | 248,845 | 221,094 | +12.6% | 8,644.17 | 3,337.53 | 28.8/km2 (74.6/sq mi) | April 6, 1825 |
| Champotón | Champotón | 78,170 | 83,021 |  | 6,589.70 | 2,544.30 | 11.9/km2 (30.7/sq mi) | November 30, 1840 |
| Dzitbalché | Dzitbalché |  |  |  |  |  |  | January 1, 2021 |
| Escárcega | Escárcega | 59,923 | 54,184 | +10.6% | 4,798.22 | 1,852.60 | 12.5/km2 (32.3/sq mi) | July 19, 1990 |
| Hecelchakán | Hecelchakán | 31,917 | 28,306 | +12.8% | 1,278.67 | 493.70 | 25.0/km2 (64.6/sq mi) | April 6, 1825 |
| Hopelchén | Hopelchén | 42,140 | 37,777 | +11.5% | 7,803.22 | 3,012.84 | 5.4/km2 (14.0/sq mi) | May 24, 1837 |
| Palizada | Palizada | 8,683 | 8,352 | +4.0% | 2,149.95 | 830.10 | 4.0/km2 (10.5/sq mi) | July 4, 1862 |
| Seybaplaya | Seybaplaya | 15,297 | 13,783 | +11.0% | 289.80 | 111.89 | 52.8/km2 (136.7/sq mi) | January 1, 2021 |
| Tenabo | Tenabo | 11,452 | 9,736 | +17.6% | 1,061.63 | 409.90 | 10.8/km2 (27.9/sq mi) | July 4, 1862 |
|
| **Campeche** |  | **928,363** | **822,441** | **+12.9%** | **57,693.59** | **22,275.62** | **16.1/km2 (41.7/sq mi)** |  |
| **Mexico** |  | **126,014,024** | **112,336,538** | **+12.2%** | **1,972,550** | **761,606** | **63.9/km2 (165.5/sq mi)** |  |

1. "Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020 - SCITEL" (in Spanish). INEGI. Retrieved 2021-01-27.
2. "Unidad de Microrregiones Cédulas de Información Municipal (SCIM)" (in Spanish). Secretaría de Desarrollo Social. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
3. Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, Article 115 (in Spanish). 1917. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
4. OECD (November 12, 2004). *New Forms of Governance for Economic Development*. OECD Publishing. p. 121. ISBN 978-9264015326.
5. Usa, Ibp (2009). *Mexico Company Laws and Regulations Handbook*. International Business Publications, USA. p. 42. ISBN 978-1-4330-7030-3.
6. *Estado de Campeche. División Territorial de 1810 a 1995* (PDF) (in Spanish). Mexico: INEGI. 1996. p. 81. ISBN 978-970-13-1489-0.
7. "Decreto Número 45" (PDF). *Periódico Oficial del Estado de Campeche, Segunda Sección* (in Spanish). 26 April 2019. pp. 3–4. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
8. "Localidades y su población por municipio según tamaño de localidad" (PDF) (in Spanish). INEGI. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 20, 2018. Retrieved July 15, 2017.
9. "Historia de Calakmul el Municipio Mas Joven del Estado de Campeche" (in Spanish). Gobierno Municipal del Honorable Ayuntamiento de Calakmul. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
10. "Enciclopedia de Los Municipios y Delegaciones de México Estado de Campeche" (in Spanish). H. Ayuntamiento de Escobedo. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
11. "Población" (in Spanish). INEGI. Retrieved January 20, 2018.


title: Robert Percy Douglas

abstract: General Sir Robert Percy Douglas, 4th Baronet was a British Army officer who became Lieutenant Governor of Jersey.

text:
# Robert Percy Douglas

General **Sir Robert Percy Douglas, 4th Baronet** (29 August 1805 – 30 September 1891) was a British Army officer who became Lieutenant Governor of Jersey.

## Early life

The son of General Sir Howard Douglas, 3rd Baronet, Douglas was educated at High Wycombe Royal Grammar School. As the last surviving son of his father, he succeeded to the Baronetcy in 1861.

## Military career

He was commissioned into the British Army in 1819 and rose to become colonel of 2nd Battalion of the Prince of Wales's (North Staffordshire) Regiment. He was Lieutenant Governor of Jersey from 1860 to 1863 and then for 5 years Lieutenant-Governor of the Cape of Good Hope, when he held the local rank of lieutenant general.

He was given the colonelcy of the 98th (The Prince of Wales's) Regiment of Foot from 1864 until the regiment merged with the 64th Regiment of Foot in 1881 to form The Prince of Wales's (North Staffordshire Regiment). He was then colonel of the 2nd Battalion in the new regiment until his death. He was promoted full general on 22 May 1874.

A daughter, Ann Penelope Harriet (1852–1927), married Sir Hugh Low at Bradford, Somerset, in 1885, and his third son was Sir Arthur Percy Douglas, 5th Baronet, Under-Secretary for Defence, New Zealand.

General Robert Percy Douglas died on 30 September 1891 aged 87 at The Hurst, his residence in Bournemouth.

A£1 coin featuring the Percy Douglas, a three-masted ship, was issued in his memory.

The town of Douglas, situated near the confluence of the Orange and Vaal Rivers in the Northern Cape province of South Africa is named after him.

## InfoBox

| General
Sir Robert Percy Douglas
Bt | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 29 August 1805 |
| Died | 30 September 1891 (1891-10-01) (aged 86) |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Service/branch | British Army |
| Years of service | 1818–1868 |
| Rank | General |


title: Hashtag Class

abstract: #class was a month-long series of events at Winkleman Gallery in New York that took place between February 20 to March 20, 2010 organized by artists William Powhida and Jennifer Dalton. The exhibition combined social media and networking with a physical gallery space. Edward Winkleman, owner of Winkleman Gallery, suggested in an interview with art critic Brian Sherwin for FineArtViews that #class would have failed to have the same impact if the events had been displayed exclusively online. Winkleman implied that the meshing between online social media and a brick & mortar gallery space conveyed the "real intent" of the artists’ behind #class. The #class exhibition coincided with the opening of a controversial exhibition at the New Museum showcasing artwork owned by longtime trustee Dakis Joannou, a prolific collector of works by artists like Kiki Smith, Kara Walker and Jeff Koons. Jen Dalton described the show as “a sort of a think tank or classroom. We want to facilitate a conversation about where the art world is and class in the art world.” #class invited guest artists, critics, academics, dealers, collectors and anyone else who would like to participate to examine the way art is made and seen in our culture and to identify and propose alternatives and/or reforms to the current market system. The name "#class" was taken from the practice on Twitter of placing a "#" known as a hash tag to mark a tweet as part of a discussion. The name of the exhibition references the social media phenomenon that has been called crowdsourcing.

text:
# Hashtag Class

***#class*** was a month-long series of events at Winkleman Gallery in New York that took place between February 20 to March 20, 2010 organized by artists William Powhida and Jennifer Dalton. The exhibition combined social media and networking with a physical gallery space.

Edward Winkleman, owner of Winkleman Gallery, suggested in an interview with art critic Brian Sherwin for FineArtViews that #class would have failed to have the same impact if the events had been displayed exclusively online. Winkleman implied that the meshing between online social media and a brick & mortar gallery space conveyed the "real intent" of the artists’ behind #class.

The #class exhibition coincided with the opening of a controversial exhibition at the New Museum showcasing artwork owned by longtime trustee Dakis Joannou, a prolific collector of works by artists like Kiki Smith, Kara Walker and Jeff Koons. Jen Dalton described the show as “a sort of a think tank or classroom. We want to facilitate a conversation about where the art world is and class in the art world.”

*#class* invited guest artists, critics, academics, dealers, collectors and anyone else who would like to participate to examine the way art is made and seen in our culture and to identify and propose alternatives and/or reforms to the current market system. The name "#class" was taken from the practice on Twitter of placing a "#" known as a hash tag to mark a tweet as part of a discussion. The name of the exhibition references the social media phenomenon that has been called crowdsourcing.

## Events

* El Celso performed an "Art Shred"
* Hrag Vartanian of the blogazine Hyperallegic invited visitors to reveal who owes them money in an event called "$ecrets of the New York Art World."
* Mira Schor, artist and author of the book *A Decade of Negative Thinking: Essays on Art, Politics, and Daily Life* delivered a lecture "On Failure and Anonymity"
* "Investigating Personal Obstacles to Creativity" performance by Lisa Levy
* WNYC art critic and CMonstah blogger Carolina Miranda lead visitors in "Art Yoga"
* Q & A with Postmasters Gallery dealer Magda Sawon
* new media duo Jennifer & Kevin McCoy offered a "Collector Focus Group"
* Artist Yevgeniy Fiks held a lecture/presentation entitled, "Communist Modern Artist and the Market," showing how many of the most highly valued art of the 20th century were produced by artists who considered themselves communists (Picasso, Leger, Kahlo, Rivera and more).
* Artist Man Bartlett staged "24h #class action" in which he and others blew up balloons for 24 hours and then popped them all. These were long skinny balloons that would never turn into cute little Jeff Koons balloon dogs.

The exhibition concluded on March 20 with "Rant Night" in which everyone was encouraged to come and let it rip on whatever was still bothering them.

The artists produced work during the exhibition that responded to the information, events and discussions that took place. The work was not priced in the usual commercial manner, premised on 'what the market will bear' based on their past work and reputations. Instead, the artists offered suggested guidelines for appropriate prices, such as one day of the buyer's income from his or her job, 0.1% of his or her net worth, etc.


title: Nephroselmidaceae

abstract: Nephroselmidaceae is a family of green algae, the only family in the order Nephroselmidales and the class Nephrophyceae within the division Chlorophyta.

text:
# Nephroselmidaceae

**Nephroselmidaceae** is a family of green algae, the only family in the order **Nephroselmidales** and the class **Nephrophyceae** within the division Chlorophyta.

## InfoBox

| Nephroselmidaceae | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Nephroselmis olivacea*, formerly *Sennia commutata* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| *Clade*: | Viridiplantae |
| Division: | Chlorophyta |
| Class: | Nephrophyceae
Cavalier-Smith |
| Order: | Nephroselmidales
Nakayama, Suda, Kawachi & Inouye |
| Family: | Nephroselmidaceae
Skuja ex P.C.Silva |
|
| Genera | |
|  | |


title: Periasamy Thiagarajan

abstract: Periasamy Thiagarajan was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India from Sivaganga, Tamil Nadu as a member of the AIADMK.

text:
# Periasamy Thiagarajan

**Periasamy Thiagarajan** was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India from Sivaganga, Tamil Nadu as a member of the AIADMK.

## InfoBox

| Periasamy Thiagarajan | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha | |
| **In office**
1977–1980 | |
| Preceded by | Kiruttinan |
| Succeeded by | R. Swaminathan |
| Constituency | Sivaganga, Tamil Nadu |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1939-06-15)15 June 1939
Karungulam, Ramnad District, Madras Presidency, British India |
| Died | 30 Nov 2008
Sivaganga |
| Political party | AIADMK |
| Other political
affiliations | DMK |
| Spouse | Shenbagavalli |
| Children | Senthilkumar,SriVidya,Subha,Vijayakumar,Bavithra |
| Relatives | Vinodkumar.S (grandson), Kaviya.S (granddaughter), Rengarajan.T.V (grandson) |
| Residence(s) | Old no.14,New no.39,Gokhale hall street, sivaganga,Tamil Nadu - 630 561. |
| Source: | |


title: Pheme (project)

abstract: Pheme is a 36-month research project begun in 2014 into establishing the veracity of claims made on the internet.

text:
# Pheme (project)

**Pheme** is a 36-month research project begun in 2014 into establishing the veracity of claims made on the internet.

## Introduction

Unverified content is dominant and prolific in social media messages. While big data typically presents challenges in its information volume, variety and velocity, social media presents a fourth: establishing veracity. The Pheme project aims to analyse content in real time and determine how accurate the claims made in it are. As claims propagate through a social network, each individual chooses whether or not to pass on information, based on how accurate they think it is. Analysing the language used and the spread of information through a network, as well as the spatial and temporal context of the information, is used to build a real-time lie detector for social media. This will help, for example, emergency services (who already integrate social media as part of their alerting and response systems) to flag potential hoax emergencies.

Evaluating the authority of sources automatically is also a project goal, based on the treatment of the news and information that comes from them. For example, a tweet of a BBC news article would hold more weight than one from an unknown source.

The project is named after the Greek goddess Pheme.

## Case studies

Pheme addresses social media lies in two scenarios: information about healthcare, which can be particularly damaging if wrong, and information used by journalists.

## Categories of rumour

Pheme addresses speculation, controversy, misinformation and disinformation.

## Partners

The project is a partnership between the University of Sheffield as part of GATE, the University of Warwick, King's College London, Saarland University in Germany and Modul University Vienna. Four companies are also taking part - Atos, iHub Nairobi, Ontotext and swissinfo. Pheme is funded by the EU.

## Relevant Publications

* L. Derczynski, K. Bontcheva. Passive-Aggressive Sequence Labeling with Discriminative Post-Editing for Recognising Person Entities in Tweets. Proceedings of the European Association for Computation Linguistics, 2014.

## InfoBox

| Pheme | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Commercial? | No |
| Type of project | Research |
| Location | EU |
| Owner | European Commission |
| Funding | FP7 project, 36 months, EUR 4.3 M |
| Website | http://www.pheme.eu |


title: Mr. High Heels

abstract: Mr. High Heels is a 2016 Chinese romance comedy film directed by Lu Ke. It was released on 14 February 2016, in China by Le Vision Pictures.

text:
# Mr. High Heels

***Mr. High Heels*** (Chinese: 高跟鞋先生) is a 2016 Chinese romance comedy film directed by Lu Ke. It was released on 14 February 2016, in China by Le Vision Pictures.

## Plot

Hang Yuan, a man who's been in love with a friend for a very long time, is willing to do anything to win her over. Even cross-dressing. Otaku game designer Hang Yuan (played by Du Jiang), crushes on fellow student Li Ruo xin (played by Xue Kai Qi) from an early age, however, each time he decides to confess his love, Ruo Xin declares that she has entered a new romance. Since being betrayed by her ex fiancé, Ruoxin no longer believes in men and instead she gets closer and closer to Sammi ( played by Li Yuan). As a result, Hang Yuan is in despair At this juncture, his good friend from a wealthy family, Lin Sen Sen (Chen Xue deng) offers a solution to his problems. He proposed to Hang Yuan that he cross dresses in an attempt to approach Ruo xin in his bold pursuit of love. Accidentally, Hang Yuan gains instant internet fame and becomes an internet sensation. However, these good times do not last long and Ruo xin soon sees through his disguise.

## Cast

## Reception

The film has grossed CN¥103.6 million in China.

## InfoBox

| Mr. High Heels | |
| --- | --- |
| Poster | |
|  | |
| Chinese | 高跟鞋先生 |
|
|  | |
| Directed by | Lu Ke |
| Written by | Kim yeon hwa (Korea) |
| Production
companies | Beijing Xiaoma Danghong Media
Le Vision Pictures (Beijing) |
| Distributed by | Le Vision Pictures (Beijing) |
| Release date | * 14 February 2016 (2016-02-14) |
| Running time | 94 minutes |
| Country | China |
| Language | Mandarin |
| Box office | CN¥103.6 million (China) |


title: Ali Radman

abstract: Ali Radman is an Iranian musician, composer, conductor, pedagogue and pianist.

text:
# Ali Radman

**Ali Radman** (born 20 June 1973) is an Iranian musician, composer, conductor, pedagogue and pianist.

## Life

Ali Radman was born on 20 June 1973 in Tehran, Iran. He was introduced to a classical music foundation and basic theory topics of music by his father, Mohammad Hassan Radman, from early age. He was improving his knowledge of basic elements of music, piano playing, and the theory of Iranian music under the conservatory teachers’ supervision. At the same time, he was a sophomore in the field of electronics at Kerman University. In 1990, he was a member of UNIMA as a composer and in 1995, he was accepted as a bachelor student in the field of music at the Faculty of Fine Arts in University of Tehran.

In composition, he is an art graduate of the school of Alireza Mashayekhi. Besides music composing, he improved his knowledge of Iranian music repertoire through Majid Kiani 's lessons, the basics of ethnomusicology through Mohammad Taghi Massoudieh. He acquired the techniques of piano playing under the supervision of Raphael Minaskanian. He learnt techniques of orchestra conducting from Edo Mičič, Manuchehr Sahbaei and Iradj Sahbaei as well. He graduated from the Faculty of Fine Arts-University of Tehran. After his bachelor graduation, he started his master in the field of Music Composition at the Tehran University of Art. During his master, he enjoyed experiencing courses taught by Olena Dyachkova, Tolib Shakhidi, Hossein Dehlavi, Shahrokh Khajeh noori, Kambiz Roshanravan, and Ahmad Pejman.

## Career

He started his career as a composer in 1991 and composed some pieces for children's shows for Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting until 1994. In 1996, he cooperated with Tehran Music Group and the Iranian Orchestra for New Music, which was supervised and supported by Alireza Mashayekhi, and he performed several concerts with that orchestra as conductor and pianist. He joined the University of Tehran\- faculty of fine arts at the music department in 1999. In 2004, he began to teach at the Sooreh Institute of advanced education and the Farhang Institute of music in Tehran. He began cooperating with the contemporary music research center orchestra at the School of Fine Arts. He actively participated as a performer in all the CDs published by the Iranian Orchestra for New Music. He performed research concerts and other programs as a pianist and conductor in the Fajr International Music Festival. In 2008, he has presented some experiences in Iranian polyphonic composition under the title of "Persian Clusters". He served as the head of the department of music at Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch from 2009 until 2017. Radman founded Pars Contemporary Orchestra in 2011 and performed several orchestral pieces in various styles of composition. He held workshops at the Royal Conservatoire of Antwerp based on “models of polyphony textures in Iranian music” in March 2017. He was also holding out seminars and concerts at Tehran and Shiraz University based on “techniques of composing in the 20th century” and “Evolutions in composing in Iran”. Radman is a member of the Association of the Iranian Contemporary Music Composers (ACIMC). He Achieved the First Class Medal of Art in Iran, 2013. His album named "Sialk-Eastern View" won the honorary award from the Fajr International Music Festival in 2022.

## Music

In composition, he has developed the rhythmic, melodic and timbre elements of Iranian musical scales with an approach to contemporary international music and the forms inspired by Iranian modal music.

His interest and focus in the composition is in introducing models inspired by Iranian folk music in polyphony, with an approach to contemporary music that is presented in different forms like orchestral, ensemble, solo, electronic and electroacoustic pieces. His several pieces are performed by various contemporary orchestras in Europe, America and Asia.

## Selected compositions

* Expression (I) for Solo Piano- (1999)
* Expression (II) for Solo Piano- (2000)
* Mani for Flute, vocal, and Piano- (2000)
* Four Preludes for Solo Piano- (1999-2001)
* Nava for piano- (2001)
* Three Inventions for Piano- (2001)
* Four Themes and Variation for Piano- (1998-2002)
* Az Khavaran for Piano and Orchestra- (2003)
* Music for Santoor and Electronic Sounds- (2004)
* Sequence No. 1 for solo Tar- (2004)
* Prelude and Fugue for Harpsichord- (2004)
* Katibeh (Inscription) for Tar and Electronic Sounds - (2005)
* Argument for 8 Santoors, Percussion, Ney and Contrabass- (2006)
* A Musical Frame for Harp, Bass Santoor, and Dotar- (2007)
* The Tale of the Town of Mirrors” for Two Santoors, Setar and Piano- (2007)
* Seminar of Colors for Iranian Ensemble and Piano- (2008)
* Bootigha Symphonic Movement - (2008)
* Kavir for Divan and Orchestra- (2008)
* Dream of the Last Lullaby for Piano- (2009)
* Ziggurat Voices Three Movements for Piano- (2010)
* Masnavi for Orchestra and santoor- (2011)
* Identity Symphonic Movement - (2012)
* Siah Mashgh for Choir and Orchestra- (2012)
* Diorama Symphonic Movement - (2012)
* Fable of Statue for Electronic sounds, Choir and Orchestra- (2013)
* Threnody of desolate land for choir, orchestra and electronic sounds- (2013)
* Hashtgah for Vocals and Orchestra- (2013)
* Jivar for Vocals and Orchestra- (2014)
* Duet for Violin and Viola-(2014)
* Four music for performer-(2015)
* Duet in the market for Violin, Viola and Electronic Sounds-(2016)
* Cold Moments of Darrous for Flute and Electronic Sounds-(2017)
* Orgy in the Atmosphere for Electronic Sounds-(2017)
* In Search of Lost Memory for Oud and Electronic Sounds-(2018)
* Sialk, Eastern View for Orchestra-(2018)
* Duet for Violin and Cello-(2019)
* Wander About Me for Piano-(2019)
* A familiar Portrait for Flute and Orchestra-(2020)

## Festival and conferences works

* Performing in “Bozar Festival” in Brussels, Belgium by “haftcraft-ensemble”, 2017
* “In search of lost memory” in “TRAIECT II festival” in Hanover, Germany, 2018

## Publications

* Album named “Katibeh (Inscription)”, Iran, 2009
* Album named "Fable of statue concert", containing four orchestral works, Iran, 2015
* "The Tale of the Town of Mirrors (Ali Radman)", album named “New Music in Iran”, Mahour Institute of Culture and Arts, Iran, 2019
* " Masnavi (Ali Radman)", album named “Little Black Fish”, Haftcraft Ensemble, Lemmens Institute, Belgium, 2019
* "Cold Moments of Darrous (Ali Radman)", album named "Iranian New Waves", Petrichor Records, USA, 2020
* Album named "Sialk-Eastern View", Petrichor Records, USA, 2020
* Film music for "Mirror-holder", a documentary by Pooyan Kazemi, Iran, 2020

## InfoBox

| Ali Radman | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Born | 1973 (age 5051) |
| Origin | Tehran, Iran |
| Genres |  |
| Occupation(s) | Composer, Conductor, Pedagogue and Pianist |
|  | |
| Website | t.me/Ali1Alii1 |


title: Małgorzata Tracz

abstract: Małgorzata Elżbieta Tracz is a Polish politician, member of the Sejm since 2019. Tracz was born on 8 December 1985 in Bolesławiec. She studied at the University of Wrocław and graduated with a master's degree in Polish studies and balchelor's degree in international relations. She is a member of The Greens party and served as a party's co-chairperson between May 2015 and January 2022. Tracz was first elected member of the Sejm in 2019 election as a Civic Coalition candidate. She has been reelected in 2023 and is representing Sejm Constituency no. 3 a second term.

text:
# Małgorzata Tracz

**Małgorzata Elżbieta Tracz** (born 8 December 1985) is a Polish politician, member of the Sejm since 2019.

Tracz was born on 8 December 1985 in Bolesławiec. She studied at the University of Wrocław and graduated with a master's degree in Polish studies and balchelor's degree in international relations.

She is a member of The Greens party and served as a party's co-chairperson between May 2015 and January 2022.

Tracz was first elected member of the Sejm in 2019 election as a Civic Coalition candidate. She has been reelected in 2023 and is representing Sejm Constituency no. 3 a second term.

## InfoBox

| Małgorzata Tracz | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Sejm | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
12 November 2019 | |
| Parliamentary group | Civic Coalition |
| Constituency | No. 3 (Wrocław) |
| Co-chair of The Greens | |
| **In office**
May 2015  January 2022 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Małgorzata Elżbieta Tracz
(1985-12-08) 8 December 1985
Bolesławiec, Poland |
| Political party | The Greens |
| Other political
affiliations | Civic Coalition (since 2019) |
| Alma mater | University of Wrocław |
| Website | malgorzatatracz.pl |
|  | |


abstract: Murder of Danilo López and Federico Salazar is about the murders of two Guatemalan journalists that happened in Mazatenango Park, Mazatenango, located in the southern part of Suchitepéquez Department, Guatemala. Another journalist, Marvin Túnchez, was an injured victim of them same attack but survived. In the same area, camera operator Giovanni Guido Villatoro was killed in an unrelated crime just days after the deadly attack on the first three journalists.

text:
# Murder of Danilo López and Federico Salazar

| Federico Salazar | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | c. 19?? |
| Died | March 15, 2015
Mazatenango Park, Mazatenango, Suchitepéquez Department, Guatemala |
| Cause of death | Shooting |
| Occupation | Radio journalist |
| Years active | 3 |
| Employer | Radio Nuevo Mundo |
| Organization | Suchitepequez Press Association |

**Murder of Danilo López and Federico Salazar** is about the murders of two Guatemalan journalists that happened in Mazatenango Park, Mazatenango, located in the southern part of Suchitepéquez Department, Guatemala. Another journalist, Marvin Túnchez, was an injured victim of them same attack but survived. In the same area, camera operator Giovanni Guido Villatoro was killed in an unrelated crime just days after the deadly attack on the first three journalists.

## Death

The three journalists attacked were covering an event for International Women's Day. Two suspected gunmen on a motorbike killed two journalists and injured the other while in Mazatenango Park, Mazatenango, Guatemala. The attack occurred at approximately 12:45 p.m., 10 March 2015. In all four shots were fired by the gunman. Danilo López was shot twice and died on the scene. Frederico Salazar was shot in the back and died later at the hospital. Marvin Túnchez was injured by one shot fired in the incident.

According to Túnchez, López was the intended target of the attack. Lopez identified the source of threats against him as coming from José Linares Rojas, mayor of San Lorenzo, Suchitepéquez. The mayor was said to have made this threat as early as July 2013, which was reported on then by *Prensa Libre* with the headline, "Mayor Threatens Journalist". López repeated this claim in an interview in February 2014 and the Guatemala Human Rights Commission also made this claim after his murder.

## Victims

Danilo Efraín Zapón López studied at Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala. He was survived by his 5-year-old daughter, and his wife was pregnant at the time of his murder. López was a reporter for the Guatemala City daily *Prensa Libre* for about 10 years. He covered politics, sports and other news but he often reported on corruption with politicians and use of public funds. He had been receiving threats since 2013 but had called the attorney general's office for assistance an hour before the attack.

Federico Salazar was a reporter and radio journalist for the Guatemala City station *Nuevo Mundo* radio for the last 3 years.

Both López and Salazar were leaders of the Suchitepequez Press Association in Guatemala. López was its vice-president. Salazar served as its secretary.

Marvin Túnchez is a reporter for a local *Canal 30* cable TV station on channel 23 in Guatemala. He also reported for a newspaper called *Publinews*.

## Perpetrators

Shortly after the murder on 10 March, police arrested two suspects in connection to the murders of López and Salazar. An image of the two fleeing the scene on a motorcycle was captured on video at the event. The first occurred hours after the attack when Sergio Valdemar Cardona Reyes, 31, considered a suspect, was arrested on a blue motorcycle in Cuyotenango, Suchitepéquez Department. He was accused at his hearing of being the driver. Later, Artemio de Jesús Ramírez Torres, alias "El Barbas" or "Fluff", 29, was captured by police in the village of El Carmen, Champerico, Retalhuleu Department. He was accused at his hearing of being the shooter.

The prosecution said in March the identities of the source who ordered the attack was still under investigation. In June 2015, three more suspects were arrested in connection with the murder, including two members of the Policía Nacional Civil de Guatemala. They were Jorge León Cabrera Solís and Artemio de Jesús Juárez Pichiyá. The prosecutor said Juárez Pichiyá's phone number was linked with the suspected perpetrators. The third arrested was German Amílcar Morataya Beltrán.

## Context

Guatemala CityMazatenangoclass=notpageimage|Mentioned locations within Guatemala relative to the capital Guatemala City.

Guatemala and Honduras rank high among countries in Central America with the most unsolved murders involving journalists. Many arrests have been made but no convictions.

Guatemala is historically one of the most dangerous countries for journalists. According to the Guatemala Human Rights Commission, 342 journalists were killed over the 36 years of the Guatemalan Civil War. More recently, 2014 World Press Freedom Index ranked Guatemala 125 out of 180 countries. The committee to Protect Journalists lists 22 journalists who have been killed confirmed or unconfirmed as a result of their journalism in Guatemala since 1992. The Inter American Press Association (IAPA) reported during Guatemalan President Otto Pérez Molina's government alone, seven journalists have been killed, four in 2013 and three on the week of 10 March 2015. From 2012 to 2015 during his term, there have been more than 200 attacks against journalists.

## Impact

Danilo López received a number of threats from politicians throughout his career. The Unit for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders in Guatemala revealed that López first reported being threatened in 2008, when the ex-governor of the department of Suchitepéquez, Leonor Toledo allegedly threatened him by phone following critical reports of the department's management. Another article by López in 2011 caused then-mayor of Mazatenango, Juan Manuel Delgado, to attack the journalist in the street.

## Reactions

Irina Bokova, director-general of UNESCO, said, "The cold-blooded murder of Danilo Lopez and Federico Salazar must not go unpunished. Press freedom and freedom of expression are backbones to democratic societies, where citizens can count on being kept informed, where they have a voice. Defending these rights means journalists must be able to work without fearing for their lives. Criminals must know that their acts will be punished."

Guatemala Human Rights Commission said, "The Guatemalan government is directly responsible for these assassinations; its inaction has allowed previous attacks against journalists to remain unsolved. This impunity has opened the door for countless cases of spurious criminal charges to be made against journalist and, as a result, there has been an increase in the censure and silencing of journalists. The government has been negligent in the development of a Protection Program for Human Rights Defenders..."

Miguel Ángel Méndez Zetina, director of *Prensa Libre*, said, "We're alerting the international community that it's time that as Guatemalans we be more concerned about the terrible climate of insecurity and ungovernability that we are experiencing in this country."

## Memorial

A memorial was constructed at the park where the two journalists were murdered.

## InfoBox

| Danilo López | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | ca. 1977 |
| Died | March 15, 2015
Mazatenango Park, Mazatenango, Suchitepéquez Department, Guatemala |
| Cause of death | Shooting |
| Occupation | Journalist |
| Years active | 10 |
| Employer | *Prensa Libre* |
| Organization | Suchitepequez Press Association |
| Spouse | Wife |
| Children | 5 year-old daughter and unborn child |


title: Museum Piece

abstract: "Museum Piece" is the second episode of the first series of the British television sitcom Dad's Army. It was first broadcast on 7 August 1968.

text:
# Museum Piece

"**Museum Piece**" is the second episode of the first series of the British television sitcom *Dad's Army*. It was first broadcast on 7 August 1968.

## Synopsis

Mainwaring and Wilson come up with an idea for getting the platoon some much-needed weapons: "Operation Gun Grab". The plan is to requisition any firearms from the local museum of Historic Army Weapons – but to do so, the platoon must first find a way to outwit the 88-year-old caretaker, who happens to be Lance Corporal Jones's father.

## Plot

The platoon has recently had its first parade, and Mainwaring and Wilson discuss a recent exercise which involved crossing river via a "demolished bridge". However, Pike fell in, flat on his face. Mainwaring confides in Wilson that he does not think he has the unthinking obedience required to make an efficient fighting unit, and is sure that one of his men told him to "get stuffed".

Wilson asks Mainwaring about the weapons situation, and Mainwaring reluctantly informs him that it will be a further six weeks before the weapons and uniforms arrive, so they must make do with one shotgun, seventeen carving knives, Jones' assegai, and Bracewell's number three iron. They receive a letter from the Peabody Museum of Historical Army Weapons, informing them that they will have to close their account for the duration because the curator has joined the navy. Mainwaring's ears prick up at the name of the museum, and deduces they might be able to use some equipment that could be used by his Local Defence Volunteers. Wilson is not so sure, but Mainwaring organises "Operation Gun Grab", and tells Miss King to write a letter to give to the caretaker in charge.

On parade, Jones informs Mainwaring that he will not be able to get anything from the museum, because the caretaker in charge is Jones' 88-year-old father. True to form, the cantankerous old man refuses to let the platoon in, so they decide to try force, using scaling ladders and battering rams, but to no avail. When they try to scale the museum, George Jones puts a damper on their plans by soaking them in cold water. Mainwaring decides to take a more tactical approach, and Jones says a bottle of whisky will do the trick. Walker gives Frazer, who will be disguised as an ARP Warden, the bottle to tempt him with, if he does not respond to Frazer's insistence that there is a light showing.

All goes well, and the platoon sneak into the museum. Jones finds a halberd and breastplate, Pike and Walker find an elephant-shooting musket, and Godfrey finds a case of .303 carbines, which are being used by ENSA. The platoon prepares to leave defeated, until Jones and Walker find a Chinese rocket gun, and wheel it back to the church hall. Their driver, a boy scout is asked by Jones and Walker to try to get it going. Mainwaring calls the duo over and says that he praises their initiative, but the weapon is too antiquated even for them. As they prepare to make petrol bombs, the boy scout gets the weapon working, and it fires rockets everywhere.

## Cast

## Production

The exterior scenes at the museum were filmed at Oxburgh Hall, a National Trust property in Norfolk, while studio filming took place on 22 April 1968 at the BBC Television Centre.

This episode was originally planned to air on 12 June 1968. An estimated 6.8 million viewers watched this episode.

## InfoBox

| "**Museum Piece**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Dad's Army* episode | |
| Episode no. | Series 1<br>Episode 2 |
| Directed by | David Croft |
| Written by |  |
| Original air date | 7 August 1968 (1968-08-07) |
| Running time | 30 minutes |
| Guest appearances | |
|  | |
|
|


title: Hans Struzyna

abstract: Hans Struzyna is an American rower. He competed in the men's eight event at the 2016 Summer Olympics, finishing in fourth place. Struzyna graduated from the University of Washington in 2011 with a degree in Business.

text:
# Hans Struzyna

**Hans Struzyna** (born March 31, 1989) is an American rower. He competed in the men's eight event at the 2016 Summer Olympics, finishing in fourth place.

Struzyna graduated from the University of Washington in 2011 with a degree in Business.

## InfoBox

Hans Struzyna
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1989-03-31) March 31, 1989<br>Seattle, Washington, U.S. |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Rowing |


title: Hartmaniella (plant)

abstract:
Hartmaniella is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae. Its native range is Western USA. It was separated from Pseudostellaria in 2017. Species:
  - Hartmaniella oxyphylla (B.L.Rob.) M.L.Zhang
  - Hartmaniella sierrae M.L.Zhang

text:
# Hartmaniella (plant)

***Hartmaniella*** is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae.

Its native range is Western USA. It was separated from *Pseudostellaria* in 2017.

Species:

## InfoBox

| *Hartmaniella* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Caryophyllaceae |
| Genus: | *Hartmaniella*<br>M.L.Zhang & Rabeler |
|


title: Nephropsis rosea

abstract: Nephropsis rosea, sometimes called the rosy lobsterette or two-toned lobsterette, is a species of lobster.

text:
# Nephropsis rosea

***Nephropsis rosea***, sometimes called the **rosy lobsterette** or **two-toned lobsterette**, is a species of lobster.

## Distribution and habitat

It is found in the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico, and as far north in the western Atlantic Ocean as Bermuda, and as far south as Guiana. It mostly lives at depths of 500–800 metres (1,600–2,600 ft), but has been observed between 420 and 1,280 metres (1,380 and 4,200 ft).

## Size

*N. rosea* reaches a carapace length of 1–6 centimetres (0.39–2.36 in), or a total length of 2–13 centimetres (0.79–5.12 in).

## InfoBox

| *Nephropsis rosea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Malacostraca |
| Order: | Decapoda |
| Suborder: | Pleocyemata |
| Family: | Nephropidae |
| Genus: | *Nephropsis* |
| Species: | ***N. rosea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Nephropsis rosea***
Bate, 1888 | |
|


title: Peter Friedrich Arpe

abstract: Peter Friedrich Arpe was a German lawyer, historian and legal writer. He was also the founder of a huge collection of objects and manuscripts on the history of Schleswig-Holstein, though his collection also included banned theological works. He also wrote and collected under the Latinised form of his name, Petrus Fridericus Arpius.

text:
# Peter Friedrich Arpe

**Peter Friedrich Arpe** (10 May 1682, Kiel \- 4 November 1740, Schwerin) was a German lawyer, historian and legal writer. He was also the founder of a huge collection of objects and manuscripts on the history of Schleswig-Holstein, though his collection also included banned theological works. He also wrote and collected under the Latinised form of his name, **Petrus Fridericus Arpius**.

## Life

He was the son of a senator, who later became mayor. After going to school in Lüneburg, from 1699 he studied jurisprudence in Kiel. After some time in Copenhagen, he accompanied a young Danish count to the *Rudolph-Antoniana* academy in Wolfenbüttel. Between 1712 and 1716 he lived in Holland, before returning to Kiel. In 1721 he was made professor of public and national law. He became friends and collaborators with his colleagues Franz Ernst Vogt and Johann Heinrich Heubel. However, they competed and ended up in a judicial dispute due to Stephan Christoph von Harpprecht. Arpe thus fell into discredit at court and in 1724 he was finally dismissed. First he moved to Hamburg and then from 1729 became a *Legationsrat* in Brunswick-Wolfenbüttl. After the death of Augustus William, Duke of Brunswick-Bevern, he was dismissed again in 1731. In 1733 he found a job as a *Justizrat* (judicial counsel) in the government chancellery in Schwerin.

He catalogued his own writings in his "*Feriae aestivales, sive scriptorum suorum historia*" (1726). Initially only handwritten, anonymous and available in the library of Kiel University as "*Das verwirrte Cimbrien, in der merkwürdigen Lebensbeschreibung Herr Henning Friedrich Grafen von Bassewitz*...", his masterwork was published in 1774 as "*Geschichte des Herzoglich Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorfischen Hofes und dessen vornehmster Staatsbedienten*". It is notable as the only comprehensive contemporary source on the history of Schleswig-Holstein and its connections to Russia at the time of Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp. Due to Arpe's dismissal, he held a great personal enmity against the then-president of the privy council at Gottorf, Henning Friedrich, count von Bassewitz, and thus the work contains several polemics against him.

## Selected works

* *Geschichte des herzoglich Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorfischen Hofes und dessen vornehmsten Staats-Bedienten, unter der Regierung Herzog Friedrichs IV. und dessen Sohnes Herzog Carl Friedrichs, mit geheimen Anecdoten zur Erläuterung der Schleswig-Holsteinischen Historie besonders als der nordischen Begebenheiten überhaupt*, Frankfurth u.a., 1774
* *Geschichte der Talismannischen Kunst*, Gotha, 1792 Digitalisat in OPACplus der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek
* *Theatrum fati*, Roterodamum, 1712 Digitalisat in OPACplus der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek
* *Apologia pro Jul. Caes. Vanino Neapolitano*, Philalethes, 1712
* *Themis Cimbrica*, Hamburg, 1737
* *De prodigiosis naturae et artis operibus Talismanes et Amuleta dictis liber sing.*, Hamburg, 1717 Digitalisat in OPACplus der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek
* *Laicus Veritatis Vindex Sive De Iure Laicorum Praecipue Germanorum In Promovendo Religionis Negotio Commentarius*, Kiliae Holsatorum,1717 Digitalisat in OPACplus der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek
* *Feriae Aestivales. Sive Scriptorum Suorum Historia Liber Singularis*, Hamburgi, Kisnerus, 1726 Digitalisat in OPACplus der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek
* *Disputatio iuridica de feriis et dilationibus*, Hrsg.:Martini, Nicolaus, Kilonium, 1702 Digitalisat in OPACplus der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek

## Bibliography

* Emil Julius Hugo Steffenhagen (1875), "Arpe, Peter Friedrich", *Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie* (in German), vol. 1, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 608–609

1. Emil Julius Hugo Steffenhagen (1875), "Arpe, Peter Friedrich", *Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie* (in German), vol. 1, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 608–609
2. (in German) Karl Heinz Jügelt in Deutsch-dänischer Kulturtransfer Im 18. Jahrhundert von York-Gothart Mix, Carsten Zelle, Wolfenbüttel 2001, S. 287 Google Books
3. (in German) Johann Anselm Steiger (ed.) 500 Jahre Theologie in Hamburg: Hamburg als Zentrum Christlicher Theologie, Berlin, 2003, S.102f. Google Books
4. (in German) Hubertus Neuschäffer, Henning Friedrich Graf von Bassewitz, Schwerin 1999
5. (in German) Robert Pries: Das geheime Regierungs-Conseil in Holstein Gottorf 1716-1773, Neumünster, 1955

## InfoBox

| Peter Friedrich Arpe | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1682-10-05)5 October 1682
Kiel, Holy Roman Empire |
| Died | 4 November 1740(1740-11-04) (aged 58)
Schwerin, Kingdom of Prussia, Holy Roman Empire |
| Nationality | German |
| Occupation(s) | Legal writer
Art collector
Historian
Lawyer |


title: Phillip P. Keene

abstract: Phillip P. Keene is an American actor. He is mostly known for playing Buzz Watson on the TV series The Closer and its spinoff, Major Crimes. He is fluent in Spanish and German. His first film was Role of a Lifetime. Before acting, he went to UCLA and studied history/art history. He also was a flight attendant for Pan Am and has a pilot's license.

text:
# Phillip P. Keene

**Phillip P. Keene** (born September 5, 1966) is an American actor. He is mostly known for playing Buzz Watson on the TV series *The Closer* and its spinoff, *Major Crimes*. He is fluent in Spanish and German.

His first film was *Role of a Lifetime*. Before acting, he went to UCLA and studied history/art history. He also was a flight attendant for Pan Am and has a pilot's license.

## Personal life

He is married to James Duff, creator of *The Closer* and *Major Crimes*, his partner since 1993.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2002 | *Role of a Lifetime* | Bartender | Film |
| 2004 | *The D.A.* | Reporter #2 | Episode: The People vs. Sergius Kovinsky |
| 2005–2012 | *The Closer* | Buzz Watson | Recurring role: seasons 1-3
Main role: seasons 4-7
109 episodes |
| 2008 | *The Truth Is Underrated* | Jonah | Short Film |
| 2012–2018 | *Major Crimes* | Buzz Watson | Main role, 105 episodes |
| 2013 | *I Am Death* | Greg Meyers |  |
| 2018 | *Deadly Shores* | Robert Palmer | Main role - Lifetime Movie |

## Nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Title of work | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | Screen Actors Guild Award | Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series | *The Closer* | Nominated |
| 2009 | | | | Nominated |
| 2010 | | | | Nominated |

## InfoBox

| Phillip Keene | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Philip P. Keene
(1966-09-05) September 5, 1966 |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Spouse | James Duff (m. 2013) |


title: Mouriscas

abstract: Mouriscas is a Portuguese freguesia, located in Abrantes Municipality, in Santarém District. The population in 2011 was 1,832, in an area of 35.02 km⁲. The parish stands in the north bank of the Tagus River and borders the parishes of Concavada, Pego and Alferrarede. It also borders the Mação Municipality and Sardoal Municipality.

text:
# Mouriscas

**Mouriscas** is a Portuguese *freguesia* ("civil parish"), located in Abrantes Municipality, in Santarém District. The population in 2011 was 1,832, in an area of 35.02 km2. The parish stands in the north bank of the Tagus River and borders the parishes of Concavada, Pego and Alferrarede. It also borders the Mação Municipality and Sardoal Municipality.

## InfoBox

| Mouriscas | |
| --- | --- |
| Civil parish | |
| MouriscasLocation in Portugal | |
| Coordinates: 39°30′11″N 8°05′42″W / 39.503°N 8.095°W / 39.503; -8.095 | |
| Country | Portugal |
| Region | Oeste e Vale do Tejo |
| Intermunic. comm. | Médio Tejo |
| District | Santarém |
| Municipality | Abrantes |
| Area | |
| Total | 35.02 km2 (13.52 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 1,832 |
| Density | 52/km2 (140/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC±00:00 (WET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+01:00 (WEST) |


title: Małgorzata Stasiak

abstract: Małgorzata Stasiak is a Polish handball player. She plays for the club SPR Pogoń Szczecin the Polish national team and represented Poland at the 2013 World Women's Handball Championship in Serbia.

text:
# Małgorzata Stasiak

**Małgorzata Stasiak** (born 5 November 1988) is a Polish handball player. She plays for the club SPR Pogoń Szczecin the Polish national team and represented Poland at the 2013 World Women's Handball Championship in Serbia.

## InfoBox

| Małgorzata Stasiak | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Personal information | | | |
| Born | (1988-11-05) 5 November 1988<br>Skwierzyna, Poland | | |
| Nationality | Polish | | |
| Height | 1.79 m (5 ft 10 in) | | |
| Playing position | Left back | | |
| Club information | | | |
| Current club | SPR Pogoń Szczecin | | |
| Number | 15 | | |
| National team | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Poland | 44 | (76) |