title: N.O.V.A. 3

abstract:
N.O.V.A. 3 is a science fiction action-adventure first-person shooter touchscreen video game developed by Gameloft Bucharest and published by Gameloft as the third instalment of the N.O.V.A. series, released on the App Store and Google Play on May 10, 2012 for iOS, BlackBerry 10 and Android devices, with later releases for the BlackBerry PlayBook and Windows Phone 8 devices in 2013.
Unlike its predecessors, N.O.V.A. 3 was more heavily inspired on games like Killzone, Call of Duty and Crysis 2. The game's main influences prior were the Halo series. As with many of the action-adventure titles released by Gameloft, N.O.V.A. 3 features Gameloft's multiplayer service “Gameloft Live”.
The game was removed from the Google Play Store following the release of “N.O.V.A. Legacy” in 2017, with the App Store following suit on the only version left on the platform, Premium Edition, both due to architecture compatibility shifting to 64 bit on newer devices. The game’s multiplayer servers would also shut down 2 years later.

text:
# N.O.V.A. 3

***N.O.V.A. 3*** (***Near Orbit Vanguard Alliance 3***) is a science fiction action-adventure first-person shooter touchscreen video game developed by **Gameloft Bucharest** and published by Gameloft as the third instalment of the **N.O.V.A.** series, released on the App Store and Google Play on May 10, 2012 for iOS, BlackBerry 10 and Android devices, with later releases for the BlackBerry PlayBook and Windows Phone 8 devices in 2013. Unlike its predecessors, **N.O.V.A. 3** was more heavily inspired on games like *Killzone*, *Call of Duty* and *Crysis 2*. The game's main influences prior were the *Halo* series.

As with many of the action-adventure titles released by Gameloft, **N.O.V.A. 3** features Gameloft's multiplayer service “**Gameloft Live**”. The game was removed from the Google Play Store following the release of “**N.O.V.A. Legacy**” in 2017, with the App Store following suit on the only version left on the platform, *Premium Edition*, both due to architecture compatibility shifting to 64 bit on newer devices. The game’s multiplayer servers would also shut down 2 years later.

## Campaign

The campaign has a total of 10 singleplayer levels, in which the protagonist is, once again, the former Near Orbit Vanguard Alliance (NOVA) captain, Kal Wardin.

### Plot

Kal Wardin receives a distress call from his AI assistant (Yelena) on his way to the abandoned planet Earth. He crash-lands in the remnants of the city of San Francisco and joins up with the squad “Echo One” to re-activate communications and fight their way to the NOVA base. There, he finds out that NOVA has stolen a Judger artifact in the hopes that it could make Earth habitable again. Kal is approached by Prometheus, who tells Kal that the Volterites had discovered the location of more artifacts and were attempting to seize them as weapons of destruction. Prometheus sends Kal to a Judger Ship, where Kal meets a rebel Psycher named Maz' Rah, who helps the protagonist take over the ship. Once Kal retrieves the artifact, Prometheus immediately transports him to the location of the third artifact, the planet “Boreas”, where Kal fights Volterite and thugs. Kal meets up with his old friend Rufus who aids him for the rest of the journey. After the protagonist finds another artifact, he and Rufus find out that Maz'Rah and Yelena are initiating a self-destruct system on the planet. The Kar'rak, controlled by Maz'Rah, kills Yelena. Kal destroys the monster and Maz'Rah turns on the Overseer, resulting in both of their deaths. The planet falls apart, as Kal and Rufus are teleported to safety by Prometheus.

### Gameplay

N.O.V.A. 3 was made for mobile touchscreen devices, so it has customizable button controls and a joystick for walking. The player can carry ten weapons with each having different characteristics, another way to damage enemies are three abilities with unlimited uses. There are ten types of enemies, each also having different abilities. In some levels, the player could use the **“4x4” V2**’s Machine Gun and the **Mech**.

### Enemies

* Infected Marines.
* Stingers.
* Psychers.
* Spiders:
* Thugs.
* Skull Crushers.
* Cybertooths.
* Large Cybertooths.
* Mechs.
* “4x4” V.2.
* Maz’Rah (boss).
* Kar’rak (boss).

### Weapons

* Handgun.
* Assault Rifle.
* Shotgun.
* Sniper Rifle.
* Rocket Launcher.
* Grenade Launcher.
* Machine Gun Turrets.
* Flamethrower.
* Lightning Gun (purchasable).
* Plasma Rifle (purchasable).
* Railgun (purchasable).
* Grenade.
* Mine.
* “4x4” V2’s Machine Gun Turret.
* Mech.

### Abilities

* Shockwave Blast.
* Electromagnetic Pulse.
* Slowmotion Device.

### Levels

* Homecoming.
* Price of Loyalty.
* Lost ark.
* Seeds of life.
* Hourglass.
* Eye of the Storm.
* Ice and Fire.
* Meltdown.
* Hell's Gate.
* Shadows.

## Multiplayer

Multiplayer made a huge, positive impact on the game’s popularity. In terms of gameplay, it was similar to campaign but with major differences: stamina during sprinting is unlimited, mechs can be used at any time and has a different way for getting weapons. It also had voice chat that required headphones.

### Gamemodes

* Free for all: there are no teams, everyone’s against each other, whichever players hits the kill limit first or has the most kills wins at the end of the timer wins.
* Team Deathmatch: similar to the mode mentioned above, but with two teams: Red and Blue.
* Freeze Tag: also a team based mode where enough damage that would normally kill players freezes them instead. Freeze all enemy team members to score a team point. Stand by frozen teammates for 3 seconds to free them.
* Capture the flag: Each team has a base holding a flag. To score a team point you must take the opposing team's flag and return it to your base. Before scoring, your team's flag must be secured in your own base.
* InstaGib: like the “free for all” game mode, but this time everyone has a Railgun.
* Team InstaGib: The same as InstaGib but team-based.
* Capture the Point: capture and then hold control of all points for 20 seconds to score a team point. Stand by a point to capture it.

### Multiplayer weapons

* Handgun.
* Assault Rifle.
* Shotgun.
* Sniper Rifle.
* Rocket Launcher.
* Grenade Launcher.
* Machine Gun Turrets.
* Flamethrower.
* Lightning Gun.
* Plasma Rifle.
* Railgun.
* Grenade.
* Chemical Grenade.
* Mine.
* Melee.
* Mech.
* “4x4” V2 Machine Gun Turret.

### Multiplayer maps

* Last Stand.
* Lost World.
* Badlands.
* Heart of the Machine.
* Scorched Earth.
* Parking Lot.
* Warehouse.

## Version differences

Unlike the other three games in the series, **N.O.V.A. 3** had three versions with notable differences:

### Premium Edition

This version was simply the full and paid edition of the game, it costed **6.99 dollars** in the App Store.

### Freedom Edition

On October 16, 2014, a free version of the game would be released on **iOS** and on January 17 for **Android** devices too, the “**Freedom Edition**”. It had a few differences from the other version, such as the game being locked on 30 FPS, ads after the player loses, a different app icon and other minor differences.

### Java Version

This version was different from the others as it was made for java phones, the game is a 2D shooter and the levels are played out differently

## Reception

On Metacritic, the game has an average score of 83 out of 100 based on 21 reviews. As N.O.V.A. 2, the game was well received.

## InfoBox

| N.O.V.A. 3 | |
| --- | --- |
| Developer(s) | Gameloft Bucharest |
| Publisher(s) | Gameloft |
| Series | *N.O.V.A.* |
| Engine | Irrlicht |
| Platform(s) |  |
| Release | * **iOS & Android**
+ NA: 10 May 2012     + EU: 10 May 2012 * **BlackBerry 10**
9 March 2013 * **Windows Phone 8**
12 June 2013 |
| Genre(s) |  |


title: Joseph A. McArdle

abstract: Joseph A. McArdle was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

text:
# Joseph A. McArdle

**Joseph A. McArdle** (June 29, 1903 – December 27, 1967) was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

## Biography

McArdle was born in Muncie, Indiana on June 29, 1903. In 1905, he moved to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, with his parents, when his father, Peter J. McArdle was elected president of the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers. P.J. McArdle would go on to serve as a member of the Pittsburgh City Council from 1911–1913, 1916–1919, 1922–1930, and 1932–1940.

Joseph McArdle served in the Pennsylvania State House of Representatives from 1936–1938, when he was elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-sixth and Seventy-seventh Congresses and served until his resignation on January 5, 1942, to become a member of the Pittsburgh City Council.

He served as a Pittsburgh City Councilman until 1949. Also in 1949, he switched parties to turn Republican, and became the State GOP committeeman from Mount Washington, Pennsylvania, from early 1950 until 1966.

His grandson is actor Zachary Quinto, and their family story (focusing especially on P.J. McArdle) was featured on the 2022 series finale of the NBC television series *Who Do You Think You Are?*

## Death and interment

McArdle died at the age of sixty-four on December 27, 1967, and was interred at the Roman Catholic Calvary Cemetery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "Joseph A. McArdle (id: M000297)". *Biographical Directory of the United States Congress*.
* The Political Graveyard

## InfoBox

| Joseph A. McArdle | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Pennsylvania's 33rd district | |
| **In office**
January 3, 1939  January 5, 1942 | |
| Preceded by | Henry Ellenbogen |
| Succeeded by | Elmer J. Holland |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1903-06-29)June 29, 1903
Muncie, Indiana |
| Died | December 27, 1967(1967-12-27) (aged 64)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |
| Political party | Democratic (1936–1949)
Republican (1949–1967) |
| Relatives | Peter J. McArdle (father)
Zachary Quinto (grandson) |
|  | |


title: Playa Hermosa, Uruguay

abstract: Playa Hermosa is a resort town (balneario) in the Maldonado Department of southeastern Uruguay.

text:
# Playa Hermosa, Uruguay

**Playa Hermosa** is a resort town (*balneario*) in the Maldonado Department of southeastern Uruguay.

## Location

The resort is located on the coast of Río de la Plata, on Route 10, about 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) northwest of Piriápolis. It borders the resort Playa Verde to the northwest and the resort Playa Grande to the southeast.

## Population

In 2011 Playa Hermosa had a population of 611 permanent inhabitants and 1,413 dwellings.

| Year | Population | Dwellings |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1963 | 77 | 195 |
| 1975 | 121 | 368 |
| 1985 | 155 | 416 |
| 1996 | 302 | 762 |
| 2004 | 382 | 1,101 |
| 2011 | 611 | 1,413 |

Source: *Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay*

## InfoBox

| Playa Hermosa | |
| --- | --- |
| Resort | |
|  | |
| Playa HermosaLocation in Uruguay | |
| Coordinates: 34°50′1″S 55°18′8″W / 34.83361°S 55.30222°W / -34.83361; -55.30222 | |
| Country | Uruguay |
| Department | Maldonado Department |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 611 |
| Time zone | UTC -3 |
| Postal code | 20303 |
| Dial plan | +598 443 (+5 digits) |
| Climate | Cfa |


title: Peugeot Type 1525

abstract: The Peugeot Type 1525 was a truck produced by Peugeot at their recently created Sochaux plant between 1917 and 1920. The industrial site at Sochaux was established in 1912. Today it is the company's lead plant in Europe, but it was originally intended for the production of commercial vehicles. Before and during the war years, between 1913 and 1918, various different types of truck were produced, mostly for the French army. In total around 6,000 Peugeot trucks supplied the front at Verdun during the First World War. The type 1525 Truck, first produced in 1917, featured a 4-cylinder 4,712 cc engine with a claimed maximum power output of 22 hp. The maximum speed was given as 30 km/h (19 mph). The front-mounted engine drove the rear wheels via a four-speed gear box and a rotating steel drive-shaft. The truck came with steel wheels, which were doubled at the back, and shod with solid rubber tyres. The maximum usable load weight was reckoned at 4,000 kg. Between 1917 and 1920 the company produced 4,084 Type 1525 trucks.

text:
# Peugeot Type 1525

The **Peugeot Type 1525** was a truck produced by Peugeot at their recently created Sochaux plant between 1917 and 1920.

The industrial site at Sochaux was established in 1912. Today it is the company's lead plant in Europe, but it was originally intended for the production of commercial vehicles. Before and during the war years, between 1913 and 1918, various different types of truck were produced, mostly for the French army. In total around 6,000 Peugeot trucks supplied the front at Verdun during the First World War.

The type 1525 Truck, first produced in 1917, featured a 4-cylinder 4,712 cc engine with a claimed maximum power output of 22 hp. The maximum speed was given as 30 km/h (19 mph). The front-mounted engine drove the rear wheels via a four-speed gear box and a rotating steel drive-shaft. The truck came with steel wheels, which were doubled at the back, and shod with solid rubber tyres. The maximum usable load weight was reckoned at 4,000 kg.

Between 1917 and 1920 the company produced 4,084 Type 1525 trucks.

## InfoBox

| Peugeot Type 1525 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Peugeot |
| Production | Sochaux
1917-1920
4,084 units |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Truck |
| Body style | Truck |
| Layout | FR layout |


title: Yankee Hill, Nebraska

abstract: Yankee Hill is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Lancaster County, Nebraska, United States. Its population was 292 as of the 2010 census.

text:
# Yankee Hill, Nebraska

**Yankee Hill** is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Lancaster County, Nebraska, United States. Its population was 292 as of the 2010 census.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the community has an area of 2.867 square miles (7.43 km2), all land.

## Education

Its school district is Lincoln Public Schools.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | 286 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

## InfoBox

| Yankee Hill, Nebraska | |
| --- | --- |
| Census-designated place | |
| Yankee HillYankee Hill | |
| Coordinates: 40°45′50″N 96°43′51″W / 40.76389°N 96.73083°W / 40.76389; -96.73083 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Nebraska |
| County | Lancaster |
| Area | |
| Total | 3.98 sq mi (10.30 km2) |
| Land | 3.98 sq mi (10.30 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,188 ft (362 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 286 |
| Density | 71.90/sq mi (27.76/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area code(s) | 402 & 531 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2583908 |


title: Harry Atkinson (rugby union)

abstract: Henry James Atkinson was a New Zealand rugby union player. A lock, Atkinson represented West Coast and Otago at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, in 1913. He played 10 matches for the All Blacks including one international. Atkinson died in Dunedin in 1949 and was buried at the Dunedin Northern Cemetery.

text:
# Harry Atkinson (rugby union)

**Henry James Atkinson** (22 June 1888 – 21 July 1949) was a New Zealand rugby union player. A lock, Atkinson represented West Coast and Otago at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, in 1913. He played 10 matches for the All Blacks including one international.

Atkinson died in Dunedin in 1949 and was buried at the Dunedin Northern Cemetery.

## InfoBox

Harry Atkinson
| Birth name | Henry James Atkinson |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1888-06-22)22 June 1888 |
| Place of birth | Greymouth, New Zealand |
| Date of death | 21 July 1949(1949-07-21) (aged 61) |
| Place of death | Dunedin, New Zealand |
| Height | 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in) |
| Weight | 95 kg (209 lb) |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Lock  Provincial / State sides  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1911–13 West Coast  7  ()  1913–14 Otago  11  ()  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1913 New Zealand  1  (0) | |


title: Meridian (shipwreck)

abstract: The Meridian was a schooner that sank in Lake Michigan off Sister Bay, Wisconsin, south of the Sister Islands. In 1996, the shipwreck site was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

text:
# Meridian (shipwreck)

The ***Meridian*** was a schooner that sank in Lake Michigan off Sister Bay, Wisconsin, south of the Sister Islands. In 1996, the shipwreck site was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

## History

The *Meridian* was built in Ohio in 1848. In 1849, it was reported by the Milwaukee Sentinel that the ship's second mate, James Bain, was killed aboard the vessel in an ensuing fight after he had attacked the captain and thrown the first mate overboard.

In October 1873, the *Meridian* left Milwaukee, Wisconsin and was bound for Oconto, Wisconsin. She was carrying no cargo at the time and it is presumed that it was intended for her to pick up lumber in Oconto. Along the way, the ship hit a violent storm that drove her off course. The vessel suffered extensive damage and eventually sank. Multiple attempts were made to recover the *Meridian*, but were unsuccessful.

In 1991, the Maritime Preservation and Archaeology Program of the Wisconsin Historical Society began surveying the site. The remnants of the *Meridian* are owned by the State of Wisconsin and the site is managed by the Wisconsin Historical Society and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| *Meridian* (schooner) Shipwreck Site | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Lake Michigan off the coast of Sister Bay, Wisconsin south of the Sister Islands |
| Coordinates | 45°12.01′N 87°10.10′W / 45.20017°N 87.16833°W / 45.20017; -87.16833 |
| NRHP reference No. | 96000294 |
| Added to NRHP | March 21, 1996 |


title: Myron Magnet

abstract: Myron James Magnet is an American journalist and historian. He was the editor of City Journal from 1994 to 2007. His latest book, Clarence Thomas and the Lost Constitution, was published in 2019 by Encounter Books.

text:
# Myron Magnet

**Myron James Magnet** (born August 31, 1944) is an American journalist and historian. He was the editor of *City Journal* from 1994 to 2007. His latest book, *Clarence Thomas and the Lost Constitution*, was published in 2019 by Encounter Books.

## Biography

Magnet served as editor of *City Journal* from 1994 to 2007 and is now its editor-at-large. Under his editorship, the magazine helped shape Rudy Giuliani's agenda as mayor of New York City. Before that, Magnet was a longtime member of the Board of Editors at *Fortune* magazine, a publication for which he wrote numerous articles on social policy, management, and finance, in addition to publishing essays and op-eds in *The New Criterion*, *The Claremont Review of Books*, *The Wall Street Journal*, and *The New York Times*, among other publications.

President George W. Bush has cited Magnet's 1993 *The Dream and the Nightmare: The Sixties' Legacy to the Underclass*, as a profound influence on his approach to public policy. The central premise of the book is that culture powerfully shapes economic and social outcomes, and the dramatic cultural transformation that the United States experienced during the 1960s unintentionally created an entrenched underclass, whose social pathologies are still with us. His widely praised  *The Founders at Home*  recounts the story of the American Founding from the Zenger trial to the Battle of New Orleans through a series of vivid biographies that aim to explore each Founder's ideas and worldview as well as his actions.

Encounter Books published his latest work,  *Clarence Thomas and the Lost Constitution,*  in May 2019. Former George W. Bush-appointed U.S. Attorney General Michael Mukasey deemed it "A great read, . . . fascinating and provocative"; historian Richard Brookhiser called it "splendid" and "riveting." Corey Robin, on the other hand thoroughly rejected Magnet's adulatory appraisal.

Of Magnet's first book,  *Dickens and the Social Order*  (1985), the *New York Times* stated: “Perhaps he will consider writing a sequel; even if it turned out to be only half as good as *Dickens and the Social Order*, it would be very well worth reading.”

In November 2008, President Bush awarded Magnet the National Humanities Medal "for scholarship and visionary influence in renewing our national culture of compassion. He has combined literary and cultural history with a profound understanding of contemporary urban life to examine new ways of relieving poverty and renewing civic institutions."

Magnet graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy in 1962. He holds bachelor's degrees from both Columbia University (1966) and the University of Cambridge, as well an M.A. from Cambridge and a Ph.D. in English Literature from Columbia University, where he also taught for several years.

## Bibliography

Books written * *Clarence Thomas and the Lost Constitution* (Encounter, 2019, ISBN 978-1641770521)
* *The Founders at Home: The Building of America, 1735–1817* (W. W. Norton, 2013, ISBN 978-0393240214)
* *The Dream and the Nightmare: The Sixties' Legacy to the Underclass* (William Morrow, 1993, ISBN 978-0688119515 / Encounter Books, 2000, ISBN 978-1893554023)
* *Dickens and the Social Order* (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985, ISBN 978-0812279849 / ISI Books, 2004, ISBN 978-1932236354)

Books edited * *The Immigration Solution: A Better Plan than Today's* (Ivan R. Dee, 2007, ISBN 978-1566637602)
* *Modern Sex: Liberation and its Discontents* (Ivan R. Dee, 2001, ISBN 978-1566633833)
* *What Makes Charity Work? A Century of Public and Private Philanthropy* (Ivan R. Dee, 2000, ISBN 978-1566633345)
* *The Millennial City: A New Urban Paradigm for 21st-Century America* (Ivan R. Dee, 2000, ISBN 978-1566632850)

## InfoBox

| Myron Magnet | |
| --- | --- |
| Myron Magnet at Hamilton Grange, 2013 | |
| Born | (1944-08-31) August 31, 1944
Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Education | Columbia University (BA, PhD)
University of Cambridge (MA) |
| Notable awards | National Humanities Medal (2008) |
| Website | |
| www.myronmagnet.com | |


title: Joseph A. Mallery

abstract: Joseph A. Mallery was one of the few ideological conservatives to be elected and re-elected to the Washington Supreme Court- or to any other elected office in Washington.

text:
# Joseph A. Mallery

**Joseph A. Mallery** (c. 1896 – 1982) was one of the few ideological conservatives to be elected and re-elected to the Washington Supreme Court\- or to any other elected office in Washington.

## Biography

Mallery, a former trial and prosecuting attorney and Pierce County Superior Court Judge, was elected in an upset to the Supreme Court in 1942 while on the Pierce Co. bench. John F. Main, the incumbent, attempted to withdraw because of illness, but was forced to remain on the November 3, 1942 General Election ballot by a Court decision denying the #3 candidate in the primary, the right to replace Main in the race. (Mallery and Main each obtained about 30% in a four-candidate Sept. 8, 1942 "jungle" primary for non-partisan office.) Mallery is best remembered today for a series of controversial rulings against state anti-discrimination laws in WA targeting private businesses (RCW 49.60), including e.g. *Browning v. Slenderella Systems*, 54 Wn.2d 440, 453, 341 P.2d 859 (1959), where a dissenting Justice Mallery and one other justice, voted to deny recovery for the tort of emotional distress against a dentist's wife (Browning), alleged barred from a Seattle salon because of her race. Mallery, who evidently became more conservative later in life, also ruled against a black family in Seattle, in a case decided by the Court on other grounds (*Price v. Evergreen Cemeteries*, 57 Wn. 2d 352, 355, 357 P.2d 702 ), seeking compensation from Evergreen Cemeteries in North Seattle for denying their young son who drowned entry to the then all-white "Babyland" section of the largest Seattle cemetery. For this, Mallery was targeted for defeat by a "Seattle lawyer and the NAACP" (second case cited, at 57 Wn. 2d 355, 357 P. 2d 702), but still was re-elected on Nov. 8, 1960. (Mallery was also censured by Jet magazine (Dec. 22, 1960) for his opinion.) Apparently disgusted by the personal attacks against him, Mallery suddenly retired from the Court in Jan. 1962, leaving little ideological trace on Washington's highest court today, which has now repudiated his concurrence in *Price.* A Mallery collection has been set up at the Tacoma branch of the University of Washington.

## Repudiation by Supreme Court in 2020

On October 15, 2020, the Washington State Supreme Court overruled *Price v. Evergreen Cemeteries*, stating that the original opinion, in part, was "harmful because of Justice Mallery's concurrence, which condemns civil rights and legislation. \[citation omitted\] 'As judges, we must recognize the role we have played in devaluing black lives.' Letter from Wash. State Supreme Court to Members of the Judiciary and the Legal Cmty. 1 (June 4, 2020) (addressing racial injustice). The *Price* concurrence is an example of the unfortunate role we have played".


title: Pleurotomella fragilis

abstract: Pleurotomella fragilis is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.

text:
# Pleurotomella fragilis

***Pleurotomella fragilis*** is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.

## Description

## Distribution

Fossils of this marine species were found in Eocene strata in Île-de-France, France.

* Brébion (P.), 1992 *Quelques Cônes et Pleurotomes du Lutétien du Bassin de Paris.* Cossmanniana, hors série, vol. 1, p. 1-25

## InfoBox

| *Pleurotomella fragilis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shell of † *Pleurotomella fragilis*, specimen at MNHN, Paris | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Raphitomidae |
| Genus: | *Pleurotomella* |
| Species: | ***P. fragilis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pleurotomella fragilis***<br>(Deshayes, 1834) | |
|


title: Frenzy (High Inergy album)

abstract: Frenzy is an album by the American musical group High Inergy. It was released in 1979 on Motown's Gordy label.

text:
# Frenzy (High Inergy album)

***Frenzy*** is an album by the American musical group High Inergy. It was released in 1979 on Motown's Gordy label.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Virgin Encyclopedia of R&B and Soul* |  |

AllMusic wrote that "a few of the tunes are memorable, including the passionate 'Main Ingredient' and the Diana Ross-influenced 'Time of Your Life'."

## Track listing

1. "Skate to the Rhythm" (4:03)
2. "Main Ingredient" (3:43)
3. "I Love Makin' Love (To the Music)" (3:54)
4. "Will We Ever Love Again?" (3:27)
5. "Phantom" (3:33)
6. "Heartbeat" (4:19)
7. "Somebody, Somewhere" (4:31)
8. "Voulez-vous?" (4:31)
9. "Time of Your Life" (4:40)

## InfoBox

| Frenzy | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by High Inergy | |
| Released | 1979 |
| Studio |  |
| Genre | R&B |
| Label | Gordy |
| Producer | Tommy Gordy
Gwen Gordy Fuqua, Kent Washburn, Mel Bolton
Kent Washburn, Troy Laws
Donnell Jones, Eddie Coleman Jr.
Charles Creath, Roger Dollerhide |
| High Inergy chronology | |
| *Shoulda Gone Dancin'*
(1979) ***Frenzy***
(1979) *Hold On*
(1980) | |


title: Naarda notata

abstract: Naarda notata is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae first described by George Hampson in 1891.

text:
# Naarda notata

***Naarda notata*** is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae first described by George Hampson in 1891.

## InfoBox

| *Naarda notata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Genus: | *Naarda* |
| Species: | ***N. notata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Naarda notata***<br>Hampson, 1891 | |
|


title: Yasuhiko Arakawa

abstract: Yasuhiko Arakawa is a Japanese physicist. His research focuses on semiconductor physics, including growth of nanostructures and their optoelectronic applications. Among his main achievements are the proposal of the concept of quantum dots and their application to quantum dot lasers, the observation of exciton-polariton Rabi-splitting in a semiconductor microcavity, or, recently, the first 3D photonic crystal nanocavity lasers with quantum dot gain.

text:
# Yasuhiko Arakawa

**Yasuhiko Arakawa** (Japanese 荒川 泰彦, *Arakawa Yasuhiko*; born 6 November 1952) is a Japanese physicist.

His research focuses on semiconductor physics, including growth of nanostructures and their optoelectronic applications. Among his main achievements are the proposal of the concept of quantum dots and their application to quantum dot lasers, the observation of exciton-polariton Rabi-splitting in a semiconductor microcavity, or, recently, the first 3D photonic crystal nanocavity lasers with quantum dot gain.

## Biography

Yasuhiko Arakawa received a B.S. degree in 1975 and a Ph.D. degree in 1980, respectively, from the University of Tokyo, both in electronics engineering. In 1981 he became an assistant professor at the University of Tokyo and in 1993, was promoted full professor there. He is now at the Institute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo and is also the director of Institute for Nano Quantum Information Electronics. He has been a visiting scientist of the California Institute of Technology in the period 1984–1986 and visiting professor at the Technical University of Munich in the period 2009–2011.

He has been a member of the Science Council of Japan since 2009.

He was also elected as a member into the National Academy of Engineering in 2017 for contributions to quantum dot lasers and related nanophotonic devices.

## Awards


title: Nicholas Temperley

abstract: Nicholas Mark Temperley was an American musicologist of English background. He is known for his pioneering work in British music studies.

text:
# Nicholas Temperley

**Nicholas Mark Temperley** (August 7, 1932 – April 8, 2020) was an American musicologist of English background. He is known for his pioneering work in British music studies.

## Education and career

Born in Beaconsfield, United Kingdom, Temperley attended Eton College from 1945 to 1951. After a year at the Royal College of Music in London, he enrolled at King's College, Cambridge in 1952, eventually earning his doctorate there in 1959 with a dissertation entitled "Instrumental Music in England, 1800–1850." Later that year, Temperley began a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Illinois, which lasted until 1961. After holding positions at Cambridge and Yale University, he returned to the University of Illinois, spending the remainder of his career there. He became an American citizen in 1972.

Temperley published many journal articles in outlets such as *Early Music*, the *Journal of the American Musicological Society*, *Music & Letters*, *The Musical Times*, *19th-Century Music*, and the *Journal of the Royal Musical Association*. In addition to his work involving British music of diverse genres, he made important contributions for other composers, including Haydn, Berlioz, and Chopin. His reference articles, including dozens authored for *The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians*, also demonstrate his wide range. In 1980, his two-volume *The Music of the English Parish Church* received the American Musicological Society's Otto Kinkeldey Award for the most distinguished book published in the field during the previous year. From 1978 until 1980 he was the editor-in-chief of the *Journal of the American Musicological Society*. When the North American British Music Studies Association (NABMSA) formed in 2004, Temperley served as its first president. The prize given for “a student paper of particular merit or excellence” at its biennial conference is named after him.

## Books (sole authorship)

* *Jonathan Gray and Church Music in York, 1770–1840*. Borthwick Papers No. 51. St. Anthony's Press, 1977. ISBN 978-0900701443.
* *The Music of the English Parish Church*. 2 Vols. Cambridge University Press, 1979. ISBN 0-521-22045-9, 0-521-22046-7.
* *Haydn: The Creation*. Cambridge Music Handbooks. Cambridge University Press, 1991. ISBN 978-0521372558.
* *Bound for America: Three British Composers*. Music in American Life*.* University of Illinois Press, 2003. ISBN 978-0252028472.
* *Studies in English Church Music*. Variorum Collected Studies. Routledge, 2018. ISBN 978-1138375369.


title: Rogan josh (disambiguation)

abstract:
Rogan josh is a Kashmiri curried lamb dish. Rogan Josh or Rogan Gosh may also refer to:
  - Rogan Josh (horse), an Australian racehorse
  - Rogan Josh, a 2018 short fiction film, which won 'Best Short Film' at the 2018 Filmfare Awards
  - Rogan Josh Curry, a fictional character from the 2011 British television sitcom White Van Man
  - Rogan Gosh (comics), a British comic book story arc from 2000 A.D. comics republished in Dark Horse Comics
    - Rogan Gosh, a character from the comic book story arc Rogan Gosh
    - Rogan Gosh, a graphic novel collection of the story arc Rogan Gosh

text:
# Rogan josh (disambiguation)

**Rogan josh** (also *roghan josh*, *roghan ghosht*, *rogan gosht*) is a Kashmiri curried lamb dish.

**Rogan Josh** or **Rogan Gosh** may also refer to:

* Rogan Josh (horse) (born 1992), an Australian racehorse
* *Rogan Josh*, a 2018 short fiction film, which won 'Best Short Film' at the 2018 Filmfare Awards
* Rogan Josh Curry, a fictional character from the 2011 British television sitcom *White Van Man*
* *Rogan Gosh* (comics), a British comic book story arc from 2000 A.D. comics republished in Dark Horse Comics
    + Rogan Gosh, a character from the comic book story arc *Rogan Gosh*
    + Rogan Gosh, a graphic novel collection of the story arc *Rogan Gosh*


title: Melissa Navia

abstract: Melissa C. Navia is an American actress known for playing helmsman Erica Ortegas in Star Trek: Strange New Worlds (2022–present). In 2013, Navia won the award for best actress at the Wild Rose Independent Film Festival for her role as Dawn in the sci-fi movie The Paragon Cortex. In 2015, she had a recurring role in the TV series Common Charges. In 2017, she had a guest role as Elena Gabriel, an astronaut bound for a life on Mars, in Showtime's series Billions. In 2018, she had a recurring role as Moana in AMC's series Dietland.

text:
# Melissa Navia

**Melissa C. Navia** (born August 24, 1984) is an American actress known for playing helmsman Erica Ortegas in *Star Trek: Strange New Worlds* (2022present).

In 2013, Navia won the award for best actress at the Wild Rose Independent Film Festival for her role as Dawn in the sci-fi movie *The Paragon Cortex*. In 2015, she had a recurring role in the TV series *Common Charges*. In 2017, she had a guest role as Elena Gabriel, an astronaut bound for a life on Mars, in Showtime's series *Billions*. In 2018, she had a recurring role as Moana in AMC's series *Dietland*.

## Personal life

Her partner, Brian Bannon, died in 2021, three days after being diagnosed with leukemia.

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Work | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2013 | Wild Rose Independent Film Festival | Best Actress | *The Paragon Cortex* | Won |  |
|

## Filmography

### Film

|
|  |
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2011 | *Love Eterne* | Medina |  |
| 2011 | *Break Point* | The Woman | Short |
| 2011 | *Metal Gear* | Marabel Killian | Short |
| 2012 | *That's What She Said* | East Village Lucky Joy Patron |  |
| 2012 | *Red Tulips: A Story About Forgetting* | Cop Girl | Short |
| 2012 | *Girl Most Likely* | Assistant |  |
| 2013 | *Highly Specialized, Highly Committed* | Reyes |  |
| 2013 | *Sleeping with the Fishes* | Casey |  |
| 2013 | *The Paragon Cortex* | Dawn |  |
| 2013 | *Legacy* | Grace | Short |
| 2014 | *Love Eterne \[Mourning\]* | Medina | Short |
| 2014 | *Grind* | Fighting Woman #1 | Short |
| 2014 | *Growing Up and Other Lies* | Raja |  |
| 2014 | *Amira & Sam* | Police Clerk |  |
| 2014 | *What It Was* | Hilary |  |
| 2014 | *Tremor Team 12* | Agent Melanie Gregg |  |
| 2015 | *Temecula* | Janet | Short |
| 2015 | *The Chosen* | Sabrina |  |
| 2016 | *Interwoven* | Voicemail Message #26 |  |
| 2016 | *Working Poor* | Melissa | Short |
| 2016 | *Hymns* | Irene |  |
| 2017 | *New York Normal* | Melanie |  |
| 2018 | *Love Me Anyway* | Jack |  |
| 2018 | *Bel Canto* | Esmeralda |  |
| 2019 | *Tower of Silence* | Lior |  |
| 2019 | *Room 220* | Officer Lex Diaz | Short |
|

### Television

|
|  |
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2014 | *El Capo* | Reporter | 1 episode |
| 2015 | *Common Charges* | Wendy | 7 episodes |
| 2015 | *Mix-Matched* | Maggie | 1 episode |
| 2015 | *The Affair* | Waitress | 1 episode |
| 2017 | *Billions* | Elena Gabriel | 1 episode |
| 2018 | *Homeland* | EMT Julie | 1 episode |
| 2018 | *Dietland* | Moana | 2 episodes |
| 2021 | *New Amsterdam* | Co-Pilot Eva Schafer | 1 episode |
| 2021 | *Bull* | Tidal | 2 episodes |
| 2022–present | *Star Trek: Strange New Worlds* | Lt. Erica Ortegas | 16 episodes |
| 2022–2023 | *The Ready Room* | Herself | 2 episodes |
|

## InfoBox

| Melissa Navia | |
| --- | --- |
| Melissa Navia in 2010. | |
| Born | (1984-08-24) August 24, 1984 |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Known for | *Star Trek: Strange New Worlds* |
| Partner | Brian Bannon (d. 2021) |


title: Heliades

abstract: In Greek mythology, the Heliades also called Phaethontides were the daughters of Helios and Clymene, an Oceanid nymph.

text:
# Heliades

In Greek mythology, the **Heliades** (Ancient Greek: Ἡλιάδες means 'daughters of the sun') also called **Phaethontides** (meaning "daughters of Phaethon") were the daughters of Helios and Clymene, an Oceanid nymph.

## Names

According to one version recorded by Hyginus, there were seven Heliades: Merope, Helie, Aegle, Lampetia, Phoebe, Aetherie and Dioxippe. Aeschylus's fragmentary *Heliades* names Phaethousa and Lampetia, who are otherwise called daughters of Neaera. A scholiast on the *Odyssey* gives their names as Phaethusa, Lampetia and Aegle.

## Mythology

Their brother, Phaëthon, died after attempting to drive his father's chariot (the sun) across the sky. He was unable to control the horses and fell to his death (according to most accounts, Zeus struck his chariot with a thunderbolt to save the Earth from being set afire). The Heliades grieved for four months and the gods turned them into poplar trees and their tears into amber. According to some sources, their tears (amber) fell into the river Eridanus, in which Phaethon had fallen.

According to Hyginus, the Heliades were turned to poplar trees because they yoked the chariot for their brother without their father Helios' permission.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1870). *Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology*. `{{cite encyclopedia}}`: Missing or empty `|title=` (help)


title: N-Oleoylsarcosine

abstract: N-Oleoylsarcosine (Sarkosyl O) is an amphiphilic oleic acid derivative having a sarcosine head group (N-methylglycine) which is used as a water-in-oil emulsifier and corrosion inhibitor.

text:
# N-Oleoylsarcosine

***N*-Oleoylsarcosine** (Sarkosyl O) is an amphiphilic oleic acid derivative having a sarcosine head group (*N*-methylglycine) which is used as a water-in-oil emulsifier and corrosion inhibitor.

## Production

A standard method for the preparation of *N*-acylamino acids is the Schotten-Baumann reaction, in which oleoyl chloride (from oleic acid and, e.g. phosphorus trichloride) is added to an aqueous solution of *N*-methylglycine at pH 10 (kept constant by the addition of sodium hydroxide solution).

Fatty acid-free *N*-oleoylsarcosine is obtained as an oil. The method is not suitable for industrial surfactant synthesis because of the relatively expensive production of the carboxylic acid chlorides and the expensive disposal of the phosphonic acid obtained as a byproduct.

*N*-Oleoylsarcosine can be obtained in the reaction of oleic acid, N-methylglycine and its sodium salt at 170 °C for 8 to 10 hours upon elimination of water.

More gentle conditions (120 °C) and shorter reaction times (3.5 hours) can be used when methyl oleate is reacted with sodium *N*-methylglycinate upon the addition of equimolar amounts of sodium methoxide in methanol. After absorption in water, acidification with concentrated sulfuric acid and extraction with butanone, N-Oleoylsarcosine is obtained in 92.5% yield.

## Properties

*N*-Oleoylsarcosine is a clear, yellow to brown, viscous liquid, which is sparsely soluble in water and acts acidic. As long-chain N-acylamino acid, the surfactant is soluble in many organic solvents and in mineral oil. In the alkaline it dissolves well in water. Because of its carboxamide structure, Sarkosyl O is chemically stable even at high pH values and strongly foaming as an anionic surfactant. N-oleyl sarcosine is only slightly toxic and easily biodegradable.

## Applications

*N*-Oleoylsarcosine is a mild surfactant which irritates skin and eyes comparatively little and is therefore used in personal care products such as skin cleansing agents because of its antimicrobial and virucidal properties.

The sarcosine head group of the long-chain amphiphilic *N*-acylamino acid is responsible for the formation of chelate-like structures in the adsorption on polar and charged surfaces, e.g. on metals.

The molecules form oriented monomolecular films that protect the metal surface from corrosive attack.

*N*-Oleoylsarcosine possesses already at low concentrations very good rust protection properties (in particularly in combination with the imidazoline derivative 2-(2-heptadec-8-enyl-2-imidazolin-1-yl)ethanol which also acts emulsifying and anticorrosive), also against non-ferrous metals such as aluminum and copper. Therefore, N-oleoylsarcosine is added as a corrosion inhibitor and emulsifier to rust protection fluids and lubricating greases, fuels and lubricants and refrigerating lubricants such as drilling and cutting oils.

## InfoBox

*N*-Oleoylsarcosine
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| IUPAC name *N*-Methyl-*N*-\[(9*Z*)-octadec-9-enoyl\]glycine | |
| Systematic IUPAC name \[(9*Z*)-*N*-Methyloctadec-9-enamido\]acetic acid | |
| Other names Oleyl sarcosine | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.003.410 |
| EC Number | * 203-749-3 |
| PubChem CID |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C21H39NO3/c1-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-20(23)22(2)19-21(24)25/h10-11H,3-9,12-19H2,1-2H3,(H,24,25)/b11-10-Key: DIOYAVUHUXAUPX-KHPPLWFESA-N | |
| SMILES * CCCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC(=O)N(C)CC(=O)O | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C21H39NO3 |
| Molar mass | 353.547 g·mol−1 |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


title: Playboy Automobile Company

abstract: Playboy Motor Car Corporation was a Buffalo, New York-based automobile company, established in 1947. Playboy offered a small, one seating row convertible, which was one of the first to come standard from factory with a multi-part, retractable hardtop. The company only made 99 cars including 1 prototype, 97 finished serial numbered production cars, as well as 1 unfinished car numbered 98 which has survived with zero miles on the odometer, before going bankrupt in 1951.

text:
# Playboy Automobile Company

**Playboy Motor Car Corporation** was a Buffalo, New York-based automobile company, established in 1947. Playboy offered a small, one seating row convertible, which was one of the first to come standard from factory with a multi-part, retractable hardtop.

The company only made 99 cars including 1 prototype, 97 finished serial numbered production cars, as well as 1 unfinished car numbered 98 which has survived with zero miles on the odometer (99 cars total), before going bankrupt in 1951.

## The company

Company founder Lou Horwitz was a Packard dealer who after World War 2 saw a need for a new smaller car for postwar America, a cheaper car than the Packards he sold. It would be built from outsourced parts and cost around $900. Horwitz recruited friends Norm Richardson (a skilled mechanic) and Charlie Thomas (a former Pontiac engineer). In the wake of Preston Tucker's bad press they had difficulty forming a dealer network, and only finished 97 production cars before declaring bankruptcy in 1951.

## The Playboy convertible prototype

| Playboy Convertible prototype | |
| --- | --- |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Playboy Motor Car Corporation |
| Also called | Playboy PR |
| Production | 1 |
| Model years | 1947 |
| Assembly | Buffalo, New York, USA |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | 2 door convertible |
| Layout | rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout |
| Chronology | |
| Successor | Playboy Convertible production model |

The original prototype shares the same general shape as the production model, but features a rear mounted engine layout and a soft folding top.

### The Playboy prototype today

It is owned and has been restored by company founder Lou Horwitz's grandson David Kaplan. According to Kaplan, "The black one never had an official number. When I restored it I put a PR on it for prototype." and "I finished it in the early '90s and I don't drive it much but I do drive it."

## The Playboy convertible production model

| Playboy Convertible | |
| --- | --- |
| 1948 Playboy Convertible, (one of 97); seen at the Petersen Automotive Museum in LA, in 2008. | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Playboy Motor Car Corporation |
| Production | 1947–1951. 97 production cars
plus one unfinished survivor numbered 98 |
| Assembly | Buffalo, New York |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | 2 door convertible |
| Layout | front-engine, rear-wheel-drive |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | Hercules flathead inline four-cylinder (early models)
Continental flathead inline four-cylinder 2 L (92 cu in) (later models) |
| Transmission | 3 speed manual transmission |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 90 in (2,286 mm) |
| Length | 155 in (3,937 mm) |
| Curb weight | 2,035 lb (923 kg) |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | Playboy Convertible prototype |

The Playboy had a 40 hp (30 kW) Continental four-cylinder sidevalve engine driving a three-speed manual transmission. It would get 35 mpgUS (6.7 L/100 km; 42 mpgimp). It would accelerate from 0-30 mph (48 km/h) in six seconds, and 0-50 mph (80 km/h) in 17 seconds. Advertised top speed was 75 mph (121 km/h).

With a 90 in (2,286 mm) wheelbase (10 in (254 mm)) less than the Rambler American), the Playboy measured 156 in (3,962 mm) long overall, and was priced at just US$985. It ran on 12-inch-diameter (30 cm) rims, and weighed 1,900 lb (860 kg). It was offered as a three-passenger convertible with a folding steel top. (A station wagon was planned, but never built.)

Under-capitalized, Playboy could not compete with better-financed companies offering more conventional cars.

## Playboy cars today

Of 97 production cars sold, only about 43 are believed to survive today. Five (including the prototype) are owned by David Kaplan, grandson of company founder Lou Horwitz. Today Kaplan is an authority on his grandfather's car.

Playboy with convertible hard-top – Amsterdam International Autoshow (AutoRAI), 1948Photographs show the Playboy with top in closed and opened configuration.

## Sources

* Flory, J. "Kelly", Jr. *American Cars 1946-1959*. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Coy, 2008.

## InfoBox

Playboy Automobile Company
| Industry | Automotive |
| --- | --- |
| Fate | folded |
| Headquarters | Buffalo, New York, United States |
| Key people | Lou Horwitz
Charlie Thomas
Norm Richardson |
| Products | Playboy Convertible automobile |
| Brands | Playboy |


title: Jonathan Rosenbaum

abstract: Jonathan Rosenbaum is an American film critic and author. Rosenbaum was the head film critic for The Chicago Reader from 1987 to 2008, when he retired. He has published and edited numerous books about cinema and has contributed to such notable film publications as Cahiers du cinéma and Film Comment. Regarding Rosenbaum, French New Wave director Jean-Luc Godard said, "I think there is a very good film critic in the United States today, a successor of James Agee, and that is Jonathan Rosenbaum. He's one of the best; we don't have writers like him in France today. He's like André Bazin."

text:
# Jonathan Rosenbaum

**Jonathan Rosenbaum** (born February 27, 1943) is an American film critic and author. Rosenbaum was the head film critic for *The Chicago Reader* from 1987 to 2008, when he retired. He has published and edited numerous books about cinema and has contributed to such notable film publications as *Cahiers du cinéma* and *Film Comment*.

Regarding Rosenbaum, French New Wave director Jean-Luc Godard said, "I think there is a very good film critic in the United States today, a successor of James Agee, and that is Jonathan Rosenbaum. He's one of the best; we don't have writers like him in France today. He's like André Bazin."

## Early life

Rosenbaum grew up in Florence, Alabama, where his grandfather had owned a small chain of movie theaters. He lived with his father Stanley (a professor) and mother Mildred in the Rosenbaum House, designed by notable architect Frank Lloyd Wright, the only building by Wright in Alabama. As a teenager, he attended The Putney School in Putney, Vermont, where his classmates included actor Wallace Shawn. He graduated from Putney in 1961.

Rosenbaum developed a lifelong interest in jazz as a teenager. He frequently refers to it in his film criticism. He attended Bard College, where he played piano in an amateur jazz ensemble that included future actors Chevy Chase as a drummer and Blythe Danner as a vocalist. He studied literature at Bard with the intention of becoming a writer. Among his professors was German philosopher Heinrich Blücher, whose teaching had a strong effect on Rosenbaum.

## Earliest career

After graduate school, he moved to New York and was hired to edit a collection of film criticism, which marked his first foray into the field.

Rosenbaum moved to Paris in 1969, working briefly as an assistant to director Jacques Tati and appearing as an extra in Robert Bresson's *Four Nights of a Dreamer*. While living there, he began writing film and literary criticism for *The Village Voice*, based in Greenwich Village in New York City*, Film Comment*, and *Sight & Sound*. In 1974, he moved from Paris to London, where he remained until March 1977, when he was offered a two-semester teaching position at the University of California, San Diego by Manny Farber. Farber had a major influence on Rosenbaum's criticism, but the two men had never met until the latter arrived in San Diego.

## Career

Rosenbaum was chosen to succeed Dave Kehr as the main film critic for *The Chicago Reader*; he served in that position until 2008.

In addition, he has written many books on film and its criticism, including *Film: The Front Line 1983* (1983), *Placing Movies: The Practice of Film Criticism* (1995), *Moving Places: A Life at the Movies* (1980; reprint 1995), *Movies as Politics* (1997), and *Essential Cinema* (2004).

His most popular work is *Movie Wars: How Hollywood and the Media Limit What Movies We Can See* (2002). He has written the best-known analysis of Jim Jarmusch's film *Dead Man*; the book includes recorded interviews with Jarmusch. The book places the film in the acid western subgenre.

He edited *This Is Orson Welles* (1992), by Welles and Peter Bogdanovich, a collection of interviews and other materials relating to Welles. Rosenbaum consulted on both the 1998 re-editing of Welles's *Touch of Evil* (which was based on a lengthy memo written by Welles to Universal Pictures in the 1950s) and the 2018 completion of Welles's *The Other Side of the Wind*.

In August 2007, Rosenbaum marked the passing of Swedish director Ingmar Bergman with an op-ed piece in *The New York Times*, titled "Scenes from an Overrated Career."

He is a frequent contributor to the DVD Beaver website, where he offers his alternative lists of genre films. He also writes the *Global Discovery Column* in the film journal *Cinema Scope*, where he reviews international DVD releases of films that are not widely available. He also writes a column called *En Movimiento* for the Spanish magazine *Caimán Cuadernos De Cine*.

Rosenbaum was a visiting professor of film at Virginia Commonwealth University's art history department in Richmond, Virginia from 2010 to 2011. From 2013 to 2015, he taught four times as a visiting lecturer at Béla Tarr's Film Factory in Sarajevo, Bosnia.

Rosenbaum participated in the 2012 *Sight & Sound* critics' poll; he responded with these films as the ten best ever made: *Vampir-Cuadecuc*, *Greed*, *Histoire(s) du cinéma*, *I Was Born, But...*, *Ivan*, *Rear Window*, *Sátántangó*, *Spione*, *The Wind Will Carry Us*, and *The World*. He chose films other than those he had previously chosen for earlier *Sight and Sound* top ten lists.

Rosenbaum appears in the 2009 documentary *For the Love of Movies: The Story of American Film Criticism*, where he discusses the film criticism of Manny Farber.

He has said that his three favorite narrative films are *Day of Wrath*, *Ordet* and *Gertrud*, all directed by Carl Theodor Dreyer, the order depending, "almost entirely on which one I’ve seen most recently".

### Alternative Top 100

In response to the AFI list of 100 greatest American movies published in 1998, Rosenbaum published his own list, focusing on less well-established, more diverse films. It also includes works by important independent American directors (such as John Cassavetes and Jim Jarmusch) who were absent from the AFI list. A second list by the AFI incorporated five titles from Rosenbaum's list.

In *Essential Cinema: On the Necessity of Film Canons* (2004), he appended a more general list of his 1,000 favorite films from all nations; slightly more than half were American. He starred his 100 favorite films on the list, marking both traditionally canonical films such as *Greed (silent -*) and *Citizen Kane*, and harder-to-find films such as Michael Snow's *La Région Centrale* and Jacques Rivette's *Out 1*.

### Best films of the year

Rosenbaum has compiled "best of the year" movie lists from 1972 to 1976, and from 1987 to 2022, thereby helping provide an overview of his critical preferences.

His top choices were:

| Year | Title | Director |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1972 | *The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie* | Luis Buñuel |
| 1973 | *F for Fake* | Orson Welles |
| 1974 | *Celine and Julie Go Boating* | Jacques Rivette |
| 1975 | *Barry Lyndon* | Stanley Kubrick |
| 1976 | *Family Plot* | Alfred Hitchcock |
| 1987 | *Horse Thief* | Tian Zhuangzhuang |
| 1988 | *Mix-Up* | Françoise Romand |
| 1989 | *Distant Voices, Still Lives* | Terence Davies |
| 1990 | *Sweetie* | Jane Campion |
| 1991 | *L'Atalante* (restoration) | Jean Vigo |
| 1992 | *A Tale of the Wind* | Joris Ivens
Marceline Loridan-Ivens |
| 1993 | *Nouvelle Vague* | Jean-Luc Godard |
| 1994 | *Sátántangó* | Béla Tarr |
| 1995 | *Latcho Drom* | Tony Gatlif |
| 1996 | *Dead Man* | Jim Jarmusch |
| 1997 | *A Brighter Summer Day* | Edward Yang |
| 1998 | *Inquietude* | Manoel de Oliveira |
| 1999 | *Eyes Wide Shut* | Stanley Kubrick |
| 2000 | *The Wind Will Carry Us* | Abbas Kiarostami |
| 2001 | *A.I. Artificial Intelligence* | Steven Spielberg |
| 2002 | *\*Corpus Callosum* | Michael Snow |
| 2003 | *Down with Love* | Peyton Reed |
| 2004 | *The Big Red One* (restoration) | Samuel Fuller |
| 2005 | *The World* | Jia Zhangke |
| 2006 | *Café Lumière* | Hou Hsiao-hsien |
| | | *Three Times* |
| 2007 | *Colossal Youth* | Pedro Costa |
| 2008 | *RR* | James Benning |
| 2009 | *The Beaches of Agnès* | Agnès Varda |
| 2010 | *Margaret* | Kenneth Lonergan |
| 2011 | *The Turin Horse* | Béla Tarr |
| 2012 | *Holy Motors* | Leos Carax |
| 2013 | *Locke* | Steven Knight |
| 2014 | *Goodbye to Language* | Jean-Luc Godard |
| 2015 | *Horse Money* | Pedro Costa |
| 2016 | *Aragane* | Kaori Oda |
| 2017 | *Twin Peaks: The Return* | David Lynch |
| 2018 | *A Bread Factory* | Patrick Wang |
| 2019 | *The Other Side of the Wind* | Orson Welles |
| 2020 | *Vitalina Varela* | Pedro Costa |
| 2021 | *First Cow* | Kelly Reichardt |
| 2022 | *The Banshees of Inisherin* | Martin McDonagh |
| | *Memoria* | Apichatpong Weerasethakul |
| | *Men* | Alex Garland |
| | *Potemkinistii* | Radu Jude |
| | *Wheel of Fortune and Fantasy* | Ryusuke Hamaguchi |
| | *American: An Odyssey to 1947* | Danny Wu |

## Bibliography

As author * *Moving Places: A Life in the Movies* (1980–1995) ISBN 0-520-08907-3
* *Midnight Movies* (1983–1991) (with J. Hoberman) ISBN 0-306-80433-6
* *Film: The Front Line 1983* (1983) ISBN 0-912869-03-8
* *Greed* (1993) ISBN 0-85170-806-4
* *Placing Movies: The Practice of Film Criticism* (1995) ISBN 0-520-08633-3
* *Movies as Politics* (1997) ISBN 0-520-20615-0
* *Dead Man* (2000) ISBN 0-85170-806-4
* *Movie Wars: How Hollywood and the Media Limit What Films You See* A Capella/Chicago Review Press (2000) ISBN 1-55652-454-4
* *Abbas Kiarostami (Contemporary Film Directors)* (2003–2018) (with Mehrnaz Saeed-Vafa) ISBN 0-252-07111-5
* *Essential Cinema: On the Necessity of Film Canons* (2004) ISBN 0-8018-7840-3
* *Discovering Orson Welles* (2007) ISBN 0-520-25123-7
* *The Unquiet American: Transgressive Comedies from the U.S.* (2009) ISBN 978-3-89472-693-5
* *Goodbye Cinema, Hello Cinephilia: Film Culture in Transition* (2010) ISBN 978-0-226-72664-9
* *Cinematic Encounters: Interviews and Dialogues* (2018) ISBN 978-0-252-08388-4
* *Cinematic Encounters 2: Portraits and Polemics* (2019) ISBN 978-0-252-08438-6
* *In Dreams Begin Responsibilities: A Jonathan Rosenbaum Reader* (2024) ISBN 978-1-955-12532-1

As editor

## InfoBox

| Jonathan Rosenbaum | |
| --- | --- |
| Rosenbaum in 2013 | |
| Born | (1943-02-27) February 27, 1943
Florence, Alabama, U.S. |
| Occupation | * Film critic * essayist * author |
| Alma mater | Bard College |
| Period | 1969–present |
| Website | |
| jonathanrosenbaum.net | |


title: French ironclad Magnanime

abstract: The French ironclad Magnanime was one of 10 Provence-class armored frigates built for the French Navy during the 1860s. Commissioned in 1865, she was initially assigned to the Northern Squadron, but was soon transferred to the Mediterranean Squadron, often serving as a flagship. The ironclad played a minor role in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871, blockading the North Sea coast of Prussia. Magananime was reduced to reserve after the war, but was reactivated in 1875 and assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet. The ship was decommissioned in 1878 and was stricken from the navy list in 1882. She was scrapped in 1885.

text:
# French ironclad Magnanime

The **French ironclad *Magnanime*** was one of 10 *Provence*-class armored frigates built for the French Navy (Marine Nationale) during the 1860s. Commissioned in 1865, she was initially assigned to the Northern Squadron (Escadre du Nord), but was soon transferred to the Mediterranean Squadron (Escadre de la Méditerranée), often serving as a flagship. The ironclad played a minor role in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871, blockading the North Sea coast of Prussia. *Magananime* was reduced to reserve after the war, but was reactivated in 1875 and assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet. The ship was decommissioned in 1878 and was stricken from the navy list in 1882. She was scrapped in 1885.

## Design and description

The *Provence* class was designed as an enlarged version of the *Gloire*-class ironclads with thicker armor, more powerful guns, and better seakeeping qualities. The ships had an overall length of 82.9 meters (272 ft), a beam of 17.06 meters (56 ft), and a draft of 8.4 meters (27 ft 7 in) at deep load. They displaced 5,810 metric tons (5,720 long tons). Their crew numbered 579–594 officers and enlisted men.

When the French discovered that the British ironclad *Warrior* had reached 14.3 knots (26.5 km/h; 16.5 mph) during her sea trials, they decided to add an extra cylinder to the engine of the five ships still under construction in an attempt to achieve 14.5 knots (26.9 km/h; 16.7 mph). In *Magnanime* and her sister ships *Valeureuse* and *Savoie*, the middle cylinder received the steam provided by eight boilers first which then expanded into the two outer cylinders, making the engine an early form of a compound-expansion steam engine. The engine drove the single propeller shaft and was rated at 1,000 nominal horsepower or 3,200 metric horsepower (2,400 kW). The *Provence* class carried enough coal to allow them to steam for 2,410 nautical miles (4,460 km; 2,770 mi) at a speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). They were fitted with a three-masted barque rig that had a sail area of 1,960 square meters (21,100 sq ft).

### Armament and protection

The main battery of the *Provence*-class ships was intended to be thirty 164.7-millimeter (6.5 in) Modèle 1858–60 rifled muzzle-loading (RML) guns, but this was changed to a mixed armament of four 240-millimeter (9.4 in) Modèle 1864 RMLs and six 194-millimeter (7.6 in) Modèle 1864 smoothbore muzzle-loading guns on the gundeck. Positioned on the quarterdeck and the forecastle were another 194 mm smoothbore and six 164.7 mm Modèle 1858 RMLs, at least some of which served as chase guns. By 1869–1870, *Magnanime*'s armament consisted of eight 240 mm Modèle 1864 RMLs on the gundeck and four 194 mm Modèle 1864 smoothbores as chase guns on the quarterdeck and forecastle.

From the upper deck down to below the waterline, the sides of the ships were completely armored with 150 mm (5.9 in) of wrought iron, backed by 750 mm (29.5 in) of wood. The sides of the battery itself were protected with 110 mm (4.3 in) of armor that was backed by 610 mm (24 in) of wood. The conning tower's sides consisted of 100-millimeter (3.9 in) armor plates.

## Construction and service

*Magnanime* (Magnanimous) was ordered on 16 November 1860 from the Arsenal de Brest, laid down on 27 February 1861 and launched on 19 August 1864. She was commissioned for trials on 1 November 1865, and was definitively commissioned (*armement définitif*) on 7 July 1866. *Magananime* was initially assigned to the Ironclad Division (Division cuirassée) of the Northern Squadron, based in Cherbourg, but then transferred to the Mediterranean Squadron. In September–October 1866 *Magnanime*, her sisters *Flandre* and *Héroïne*, and the ironclad *Magenta* participated in fleet maneuvers and comparative gunnery trials. Together with *Flandre* and *Magenta*, *Magnanime* escorted the transports ferrying French troops home after the collapse of the Second French intervention in Mexico in 1867. By 1 April 1870, the ship was assigned to the Squadron of Evolutions (Escadre d'évolutions) and was the flagship of Vice Admiral (*vice-amiral*) Martin Fourichon.

When the Franco-Prussian War began on 19 July, the French had lost track of a squadron of four Prussian ironclads so the Mediterranean Squadron, including *Magnanime*, was deployed to Oran, French Algeria, to intercept them in case they attempted to interdict the troop convoys between French North Africa and Metropolitan France. When they received word that the Prussian ships had returned to Germany, the squadron sailed to Brest to prepare to blockade the coast of Prussia. *Magnanmie* remained Fourichon's flagship and his squadron was tasked to blockade German ports in the Heligoland Bight. It departed Brest on 8 August and arrived off the British-owned island of Heligoland three days later. The neutral British denied the French permission to re-coal there and the ships were forced to perform it at sea under dangerous conditions. Bad weather and a series of storms beginning in late August prevented the squadron from coaling and the ships were forced to return to France in early September. Vice Admiral Louis Henri de Gueydon relieved Fourichon on 6 September. By then the Prussians were besieging Paris and many of the trained gunners aboard the squadron's ships were transferred to defend the city. The squadron resumed the blockade with reduced crews until December when smaller ships took it over.

*Magananime* spent 1872–1875 in reserve at Toulon. By 21 October 1876 she was the flagship of Rear Admiral Ernest de Jonquières, commander of the Squadron of Evolutions of the Mediterranean Fleet. He had been relieved by Rear Admiral Pierre Foullioy by 27 October 1877. The ship was paid off the following year and condemned in 1879. *Magananime* was stricken from the navy list on 19 June 1882 and was broken up in 1885.

## Citations

## Bibliography

## Further reading

* Konstam, Angus (2019). *European Ironclads 1860–75: The* Gloire *Sparks the Great Ironclad Arms Race*. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-47282-676-3.

## InfoBox

| A scale model of sister ship *Flandre* | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| France | |
| Name | *Magnanime* |
| Namesake | Magnanimous |
| Ordered | 16 November 1860 |
| Builder | Arsenal de Brest |
| Laid down | 27 February 1861 |
| Launched | 19 August 1864 |
| Commissioned | 1 November 1865 |
| Decommissioned | 1879 |
| Stricken | 19 June 1882 |
| Fate | Scrapped, 1885 |
| General characteristics (as built) | |
| Class and type | *Provence*-class ironclad frigate |
| Displacement | 5,810  (5,720 long tons) |
| Length | 82.9 m (272 ft) (o/a) |
| Beam | 17.06 m (56 ft) |
| Draft | 8.4 m (27 ft 7 in) (deep load) |
| Installed power |  |
| Propulsion | 1 shaft, 1 compound-expansion steam engine |
| Sail plan | Barque-rig |
| Speed | 14.5 knots (26.9 km/h; 16.7 mph) |
| Range | 2,410 nautical miles (4,460 km; 2,770 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) |
| Complement | 579–594 |
| Armament |  |
| Armor |  |


title: Naarda ochronota

abstract: Naarda ochronota is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae first described by Wileman in 1915.

text:
# Naarda ochronota

***Naarda ochronota*** is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae first described by Wileman in 1915.

## InfoBox

| *Naarda ochronota* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Genus: | *Naarda* |
| Species: | ***N. ochronota*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Naarda ochronota***<br>Wileman, 1915 | |
|


title: Yativṛṣabha

abstract: Yativṛṣabha (Yativrishabha), also known as Jadivasaha, was a mathematician and Jain monk. He is believed to have lived during the 6th century, probably during 500–570. He studied under Arya Manksu and Nagahastin. He lived and worked between the periods of two great Indian mathematicians, Aryabhata and Brahmagupta (598-668).

text:
# Yativṛṣabha

**Yativṛṣabha** (Yativrishabha), also known as **Jadivasaha**, was a mathematician and Jain monk. He is believed to have lived during the 6th century, probably during 500–570. He studied under Arya Manksu and Nagahastin. He lived and worked between the periods of two great Indian mathematicians, Aryabhata (476 – 550) and Brahmagupta (598-668).

## Works

He compiled many works in Prakrit expounding Jain traditions. One of these, the *Tiloyapannatti* — a description of the universe and its parts, is of some importance to historians of Indian science because it incorporates formulas representative of developments in Jain mathematics between the older canonical works and the later texts of the ninth and following centuries. He wrote the book named *Tiloyapannatti* which describes cosmology from the point of view of Jain religion and philosophy. "The work also gives various units for measuring distances and time." Tiloya Panatti postulated different concepts about infinity. His work also describes the construction of the Universe expressed in specific numbers; for example, the diameter of the circular Jambu continent, upon which India is located, is 100,000 yojanas and its circumference is 316,227 yojanas, 3 krośas, 128 daṇḍas, 13 aṅgulas, 5 yavas, 1 yūkā, 1 ṛikṣā, 6 karmabhūmivālagras, 7 madhyabhogabhūmivālagras, 5 uttamabhogabhūmivālagras, 1 rathareṇu, 3 trasareṇus, 2 sannāsannas, and 3 avasannāsannas, plus a remainder of 23213/105409.

## Sources

1. "Yativrsabha - Biography". *Maths History*. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
2. "Yativr?s?abha | Encyclopedia.com". *www.encyclopedia.com*. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
3. Ikeyama, Setsuro (2007), "Yativṛṣabha", in Hockey, Thomas; Trimble, Virginia; Williams, Thomas R.; Bracher, Katherine (eds.), *The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers*, New York, NY: Springer, p. 1251, doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30400-7\_1513, ISBN 978-0-387-30400-7, retrieved 5 May 2021

## Further reading

* L C Jain and A Jain, Philosopher mathematicians : Yativrsabhacarya, Virasenacarya and Nemicandracarya (Meerut, 1985).
* L C Jain, Basic mathematics : Exact Sciences from Jaina Sources 1 (New Delhi, 1982).

## InfoBox

| Yativṛṣabha | |
| --- | --- |
| Jadivasaha | |
| Personal | |
| Born | est. 6th century CE<br>Indian Subcontinent |
| Died | around the end of 6th century CE |
| Religion | Jainism |
| Sect | Digambara |
| Notable work(s) | Author of the Tiloyapannatti, which postulated different concepts about infinity. |
| Profession | Prakrit mathematician |
| Religious career | |
| Profession | Prakrit mathematician |


title: Merci Miles! Live at Vienne

abstract: Merci Miles! Live at Vienne is a live album by American jazz trumpeter Miles Davis, released on Rhino and Warner Records in 2021. It was recorded in 1991 at the Jazz à Vienne festival. The album was released as part of Rhino's celebration of Black Music Month.

text:
# Merci Miles! Live at Vienne

***Merci Miles! Live at Vienne*** is a live album by American jazz trumpeter Miles Davis, released on Rhino and Warner Records in 2021. It was recorded in 1991 at the Jazz à Vienne festival.

The album was released as part of Rhino's celebration of Black Music Month.

## Recording

The album was recorded at the Théâtre antique de Vienne on July 1, 1991, the opening night of the Jazz à Vienne festival. The set included interpretations of songs by pop musicians Michael Jackson, Cyndi Lauper, and Prince. Davis died less than three months later, making this one of his final live performances.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *All About Jazz* |  |

Reviews for the album have been largely positive. Writing for AllMusic, Thom Jurek noted "While none of this music is revelatory, it is intuitive and energetic," and described Davis's playing as "surprisingly muscular" despite the proximity to his death. Tom Moon considered it a quality late-era performance in Davis's career, writing "Where some late Davis performances tended to wander, this one is all show-biz discipline" in his *JazzTimes* review. In *All About Jazz*, Ian Patterson noted problems with the sound quality and mixing, but compared Davis's "brooding, melancholy and quite gorgeous" phrasing positively to his performance on *Ascenseur pour l'échafaud*.

## Track listing

Disc 1
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Hannibal" | Marcus Miller | 15:58 |
| 2. | "Human Nature" |  | 18:10 |
| 3. | "Time After Time" |  | 10:16 |
| 4. | "Penetration" | Prince | 9:10 |

Disc 2
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Wrinkle" |  | 8:35 |
| 2. | "Amandla" | Marcus Miller | 6:08 |
| 3. | "Jailbait" | Prince | 5:55 |
| 4. | "Finale (Band Only)" | Ricky Wellman | 6:09 |

## Personnel

Credits taken from the album's liner notes.

## Charts

Chart performance for *Merci Miles! Live at Vienne*
| Chart (2021) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia) | 131 |
| French Albums (SNEP) | 99 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 72 |
| Portuguese Albums (AFP) | 34 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 25 |

## InfoBox

| Merci Miles! Live at Vienne | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Miles Davis | |
| Released | June 25, 2021 |
| Recorded | July 1, 1991 |
| Venue | Jazz à Vienne, Vienne, France |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 80:21 |
| Label |  |
| Producer | * Ashley Kahn * Florence Joelle Halfon * Vince Wilburn, Jr. |
| Miles Davis chronology | |
| *Rubberband*
(2019) ***Merci Miles! Live at Vienne***
(2021) *Turnaround*
(2023) | |
|  | |
| Miles Davis live chronology | |
| *Miles in Paris*
(1989) ***Merci Miles! Live at Vienne***
(1991) *Miles & Quincy Live at Montreux*
(1991) | |
|  | |


title: Heliacus

abstract:
Heliacus is a genus of gastropods belonging to the family Architectonicidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species:
  - Heliacus anaglyptus Woodring, 1959
  - Heliacus areola
  - Heliacus asteleformis
  - Heliacus bisulcatus
  - Heliacus caelatus
  - Heliacus cerdaleus
  - Heliacus corallinus Garrard, 1978
  - Heliacus costatus
  - Heliacus cylindricus
  - Heliacus darraghi Garrard, 1978
  - Heliacus discoideus
  - Heliacus enoshimensis
  - Heliacus fallaciosus
  - Heliacus fenestratus
  - Heliacus geminus Bieler, 1993
  - Heliacus hyperionis Bieler, 1993
  - Heliacus imperfectus Suter, 1917
  - Heliacus implexus
  - Heliacus infundibuliformis
  - Heliacus jeffreysianus
  - Heliacus madurensis
  - Heliacus malani
  - Heliacus mazatlanicus Pilsbry & H.N.Lowe, 1932
  - Heliacus mighelsi
  - Heliacus miser
  - Heliacus nereidis Bieler, 1993
  - Heliacus oceanitis Bieler, 1993
  - Heliacus otwayanus Garrard, 1978
  - Heliacus planispira Pilsbry & H.N.Lowe, 1932
  - Heliacus ponderi Garrard, 1978
  - Heliacus proteus Bieler, 1993
  - Heliacus reticulatus Dockery, 1993
  - Heliacus rotula Kilburn, 1975
  - Heliacus sterkii
  - Heliacus stramineus
  - Heliacus taverai Frassinetti & Covacevich, 1981
  - Heliacus trochoides
  - Heliacus turritus Bieler, 1987
  - Heliacus variegatus
  - Heliacus verdensis Bieler, 1984
  - Heliacus virgatus
  - Heliacus willianseverii Tenório, Barros, Francisco & Silva, 2011
  - Heliacus worsfoldi Quinn, 1981

text:
# Heliacus

***Heliacus*** is a genus of gastropods belonging to the family Architectonicidae.

The genus has cosmopolitan distribution.

Species:

## InfoBox

| *Heliacus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Heliacus areola* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Family: | Architectonicidae |
| Genus: | *Heliacus*<br>d'Orbigny, 1842 |
|


title: N,N-Dimethylaminomethylferrocene

abstract:
N,N-Dimethylaminomethylferrocene is the dimethylaminomethyl derivative of ferrocene, (C5H5)Fe(C5H4CH2N(CH3)2. It is an air-stable, dark-orange syrup that is soluble in common organic solvents. The compound is prepared by the reaction of ferrocene with formaldehyde and dimethylamine:
  - (C5H5)2Fe + CH2O + HN(CH3)2 → (C5H5)Fe(C5H4CH2N(CH3)2 + H2O It is a precursor to prototypes of ferrocene-containing redox sensors and diverse ligands. The amine can be quaternized, which provides access to many derivatives.

text:
# N,N-Dimethylaminomethylferrocene

***N*,*N*-Dimethylaminomethylferrocene** is the dimethylaminomethyl derivative of ferrocene, (C5H5)Fe(C5H4CH2N(CH3)2. It is an air-stable, dark-orange syrup that is soluble in common organic solvents. The compound is prepared by the reaction of ferrocene with formaldehyde and dimethylamine:

(C5H5)2Fe + CH2O + HN(CH3)2 → (C5H5)Fe(C5H4CH2N(CH3)2 \+ H2O

It is a precursor to prototypes of ferrocene-containing redox sensors and diverse ligands.

The amine can be quaternized, which provides access to many derivatives.

1. Lednicer, Daniel; Hauser, Charles R. (1960). "N,N-Dimethylaminomethylferrocene Methiodide". *Organic Syntheses*. **40**: 31. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.040.0031.
2. Cass, Anthony E. G.; Davis, Graham.; Francis, Graeme D.; Hill, H. Allen O.; Aston, William J.; Higgins, I. John.; Plotkin, Elliot V.; Scott, Lesley D. L.; Turner, Anthony P. F. (1984). "Ferrocene-mediated enzyme electrode for amperometric determination of glucose". *Analytical Chemistry*. **56** (4): 667–671. doi:10.1021/ac00268a018. PMID 6721151.
3. Gao, De-Wei; Shi, Yan-Chao; Gu, Qing; Zhao, Zheng-Le; You, Shu-Li (2013). "Enantioselective Synthesis of Planar Chiral Ferrocenes via Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Coupling with Arylboronic Acids". *Journal of the American Chemical Society*. **135** (1): 86–89. doi:10.1021/ja311082u. PMID 23253097.
4. Lednicer, Daniel; Mashburn Jr., T. Arthur; Hauser, Charles R. (1960). "Hydroxymethylferrocene". *Organic Syntheses*. **40**: 52. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.040.0052.
5. Lednicer, Daniel; Hauser, Charles R. (1960). "Ferrocenylacetonitrile". *Organic Syntheses*. **40**: 45. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.040.0045.

## InfoBox

*N*,*N*-Dimethylaminomethylferrocene
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| IUPAC name *N*,*N*-Dimethylaminomethylferrocene | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| EC Number | * 215-044-8 |
| PubChem CID |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C8H12N.C5H5.Fe/c1-9(2)7-8-5-3-4-6-8;1-2-4-5-3-1;/h3-6H,7H2,1-2H3;1-5H;/q2\*-1;+2Key: ISDNRMKSXGICTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
| SMILES * CN(C)Cc1\[cH-\]ccc1.\[cH-\]1cccc1.\[Fe+2\] | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C13H17FeN |
| Molar mass | 243.131 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | orange oil |
| Melting point | 5–8 °C (41–46 °F; 278–281 K) |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


title: Pixar Short Films Collection, Volume 3

abstract: Pixar Short Films Collection, Volume 3 is a 2018 DVD and Blu-ray compilation of the Pixar animated short films following the 2007 Pixar Short Films Collection Volume 1 and the 2012 Pixar Short Films Collection Volume 2. It features 13 shorts that were released from 2012 through 2018. Volume 3 was released on November 9, 2018, by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment.

text:
# Pixar Short Films Collection, Volume 3

***Pixar Short Films Collection, Volume 3*** is a 2018 DVD and Blu-ray compilation of the Pixar animated short films following the 2007 *Pixar Short Films Collection Volume 1* and the 2012 *Pixar Short Films Collection Volume 2*. It features 13 shorts that were released from 2012 through 2018. *Volume 3* was released on November 9, 2018, by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment.

## Main Shorts

Shorts included in *Pixar Short Films Collection, Volume 3*
| No. | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original release date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| 1 | *Bao* | Domee Shi | Domee Shi | April 21, 2018 (2018-04-21) |
| 2 | *Lou* | David Mullins | David Mullins | March 12, 2017 (2017-03-12) |
| 3 | *Piper* | Alan Barillaro | Alan Barillaro | June 17, 2016 (2016-06-17) |
| 4 | *Sanjay's Super Team* | Sanjay Patel | Sanjay Patel | June 15, 2015 (2015-06-15) |
| 5 | *Riley's First Date?* | Josh Cooley | Josh Cooley | August 14, 2015 (2015-08-14) |
| 6 | *Lava* | James Ford Murphy | James Ford Murphy | June 14, 2014 (2014-06-14) |
| 7 | *The Radiator Springs 500½* | Robert Gibbs, Scott Morse (co-director) | TBD | May 20, 2014 (2014-05-20) |
| 8 | *Party Central* | Kelsey Mann | Kelsey Mann | August 9, 2013 (2013-08-09) |
| 9 | *The Blue Umbrella* | Saschka Unseld | Saschka Unseld | March 10, 2013 (2013-03-10) |
| 10 | *The Legend of Mor'du* | Brian Larsen | Steve Purcell, Brian Larsen | November 13, 2012 (2012-11-13) |
| 11 | *Partysaurus Rex* | Mark Walsh | Mark Walsh | September 14, 2012 (2012-09-14) |
| 12 | *Marine Life Interviews* | Ross Haldane Stevenson | Victoria Strouse, Andrew Stanton, Bob Peterson | October 25, 2016 (2016-10-25) |
| 13 | *Miss Fritter's Racing Skoool* | James Ford Murphy | James Ford Murphy | October 24, 2017 (2017-10-24) |

## InfoBox

| Pixar Short Films Collection, Volume 3 | |
| --- | --- |
| DVD cover | |
| Production
companies | Pixar Animation Studios
Walt Disney Pictures |
| Distributed by | Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment |
| Release date | * November 9, 2018 (2018-11-09) |
| Running time | 81 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Jonathan Rosenberg (SIP author)

abstract: Jonathan Rosenberg is a technologist noted for his work in IP communications. Network World has referred to him as "a pioneer [in] the development of the SIP protocol", and he was included in the 2002 TR35 list of the world's top under-35 innovators, as published by MIT Technology Review. As of January 2019, Rosenberg is the chief technology officer and Head of A.I. at Five9, a cloud contact center provider. Prior to this, he was vice president and chief technology officer for Collaboration at Cisco, having previously worked as Skype's chief technology strategist. Rosenberg is a longtime member of the IETF, where he has served in several leadership positions over his career. As of August 2017, he remains the 8th most prolific author of internet standards.

text:
# Jonathan Rosenberg (SIP author)

**Jonathan Rosenberg** (born 1972 or 1973) is a technologist noted for his work in IP communications. *Network World* has referred to him as "a pioneer \[in\] the development of the SIP protocol", and he was included in the 2002 TR35 list of the world's top under-35 innovators, as published by *MIT Technology Review*.

As of January 2019, Rosenberg is the chief technology officer and Head of A.I. at Five9, a cloud contact center provider. Prior to this, he was vice president and chief technology officer for Collaboration at Cisco, having previously worked as Skype's chief technology strategist.

Rosenberg is a longtime member of the IETF, where he has served in several leadership positions over his career. As of August 2017, he remains the 8th most prolific author of internet standards.

## Career

Rosenberg has worked in the VOIP field for over 20 years to date. He began working at Lucent Technologies in March 1993 as a Member of the Technical Staff. There, he led a small SIP research lab, acted as a team lead for DSP work, and conducted research in areas of wide area service discovery. It was during his time at Lucent that he received his PhD from Columbia University. In October 1999, Rosenberg left Lucent to serve as the chief technology officer of dynamicsoft. At dynamicsoft, Rosenberg conceived of, drove requirements for, designed, and lead software development for industry's first SIP application server. He also acted as architect and first product manager for dynamicsoft presence engine, conceived of, helped developed requirements for, and designed SIP firewall control proxy and co-developed the architecture for the dynamicsoft network application engine. When dynamicsoft was acquired by Cisco, Rosenberg followed the company. At Cisco, Rosenberg earned the rank of Cisco Fellow, the company's most senior technical position. He drove Cisco's Intercompany Media Engine (IME) product from concept through ship and set technology strategy for Cisco's service provider voice business. In 2009, Rosenberg left Cisco to serve as Chief Technology Strategist at Skype. At Skype, He pioneered the Facebook video calling integration, along with many other developments. In 2013, Rosenberg left Skype to return to his alma mater Cisco Systems, taking the position of CTO and Vice President of Cloud Collaboration. Shortly thereafter, he was promoted to CTO and Vice President of Collaboration.

In September 2018, Rosenberg reported that he is leaving Cisco. In January 2019, he followed his former Cisco Systems boss Rowan Trollope to Five9, joining the company as CTO and Head of A.I.

## Personal life

Jonathan Rosenberg lives in Freehold Township, New Jersey with his wife and two children.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Jonathan Rosenberg | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1972 or 1973 (age 50–51) |
| Alma mater | MIT, Columbia University |
| Occupation | CTO & Head of AI |
| Employer | Five9 |
| Notable work | RFC 2543, RFC 3261, RFC 3264, RFC 5245 |
| Website | jdrosen.net |


title: PhiU53 holin family

abstract: The Firmicute Phage φU53 Holin Family consists of putative holins that range in size from 117 to 124 amino acyl residues (aas) in length and exhibit 3 transmembrane segments (TMSs) found in Bacillota phage. While annotated as holins, it appears as though many members of the φU53 holin family are not yet functionally characterized. A representative list of homologues can be found in the Transporter Classification Database.

text:
# PhiU53 holin family

The ***Firmicute* Phage** **φU53 Holin (φU53 Holin) Family** (TC# 1.E.13) consists of putative holins that range in size from 117 to 124 amino acyl residues (aas) in length and exhibit 3 transmembrane segments (TMSs) found in Bacillota phage. While annotated as holins, it appears as though many members of the φU53 holin family are not yet functionally characterized. A representative list of homologues can be found in the Transporter Classification Database.

## Further reading

* Chandry, P. S.; Moore, S. C.; Boyce, J. D.; Davidson, B. E.; Hillier, A. J. (1997-10-01). "Analysis of the DNA sequence, gene expression, origin of replication and modular structure of the Lactococcus lactis lytic bacteriophage sk1". *Molecular Microbiology* **26** (1): 49–64. ISSN 0950-382X. PMID 9383189.
* Saier, Milton H.; Reddy, Bhaskara L. (2015-01-01). "Holins in Bacteria, Eukaryotes, and Archaea: Multifunctional Xenologues with Potential Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications". Journal of Bacteriology 197(1): 7–17. doi:10.1128/JB.02046-14. ISSN 0021-9193. PMC 4288690. PMID 25157079.
* Wang, I. N.; Smith, D. L.; Young, R. (2000-01-01). "Holins: the protein clocks of bacteriophage infections". *Annual Review of Microbiology* **54**: 799–825. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.54.1.799. ISSN 0066-4227. PMID 11018145.

*As of this edit, this article uses content from* "1.E.13 The φU53 Holin (φU53 Holin) Family"*, which is licensed in a way that permits reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, but not under the GFDL. All relevant terms must be followed.*


title: NESferatu

abstract: NESferatu is the first album by The Gothsicles, released after their debut EP Etherblister. NESferatu was released in September 2006, on Sonic Mainline Records. Themes in the album are diverse and often comedic. Wrote critic Aaron Coats of Inside Pulse, "seventy percent sarcasm and thirty percent absurdity, this amusing album is both an ode to the goth cliche and a tribute to 8-bit gaming."

text:
# NESferatu

***NESferatu*** is the first album by The Gothsicles, released after their debut EP *Etherblister.* *NESferatu* was released in September 2006, on Sonic Mainline Records. Themes in the album are diverse and often comedic. Wrote critic Aaron Coats of *Inside Pulse*, "seventy percent sarcasm and thirty percent absurdity, this amusing album is both an ode to the goth cliche and a tribute to 8-bit gaming."

## Production and themes

Themes are diverse and often humorous, often relating to video games or subcultures. The album's track "Triple Shot" is about the maximum powerup in *Galaga*, while "One Second Ghost" is about the short invincibility experienced after taking damage in most platform games. Other songs reference games such as *Konami Code,* while "Turn Signals Are Still Cool" explains that turn signals are not optional. "I Can Tell You Shop At Hot(t) Topic" explains the ease of determining that one bought their clothes at Hot Topic. "Hey, I've Got That Font" is about the large collection of fonts the singer has, while "Better Versions by Other People" is a short song explaining that the next 4 songs are remixes of other songs on the album. "Platform Game" is a live performance. Song is not listed on album. "Theme to Full House" is another unlisted live performance. Cover of the theme song to *Full House*, by Jesse Fredrick.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| NUVO | (positive) |

According to a review in *Local Sounds Magazine*, "this CD is one of the few examples of dark electronic comedy out there." Wrote critic Aaron Coats of *Inside Pulse*, "Seventy percent sarcasm and thirty percent absurdity, this amusing album is both an ode to the goth cliche and a tribute to 8-bit gaming." Wrote Leslie Benson of NUVO in a positive review, "With video game clips and *Pulp Fiction* samples, some EBM beats and a *Saved by the Bell*’s Screech kind of lyrical comedy, the album even pokes fun at itself."

## Track listing

1. "I Can Tell You Shop At Hot(t) Topic" – 1:07
2. "Triple Shot" - 3:17
3. "Konami Code IV" - 3:00
4. "Turn Signals Are Still Cool" - 3:22
5. "One Second Ghost" - 3:34
6. "English License 2.0" - 3:34
7. "Hey, I've Got That Font" - 3:45
8. "Mix this Song into A23's 'Maps of Reality'" - 3:18
9. "Better Versions by Other People - 0:50
10. "Konami Code (Hi-Score RMX)" - 3:37
11. "Turn Signals are Still Cool (Pimp My Rhyme Mix by Caustic)" - 3:34
12. "Konami Code (Epsilon Minus remix) - 4:19
13. "One Second Ghost (Sore Thumbs Mix by Stochastic Theory) - 4:39
14. "Lunch Breakin'" - 0:59
15. "Blip to be Squarewave" - 1:20
16. Platform Game (unlisted live performance) - 0:43
17. Theme to Full House (unlisted live performance) - 1:29

## InfoBox

| NESferatu | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by The Gothsicles | |
| Released | 2006 |
| Genre | Electronic, gothic, comedy |
| Length | 46:27 |
| Label | Sonic Mainline Records |
| Producer | Turbo Gothic 16 (Dan Clark) |
| The Gothsicles chronology | |
| *Etherblister EP*
(2003) ***NESferatu***
(2006) *NESferaTWO*
(2009) | |


title: Ngandi

abstract: The Ngandi were an indigenous Australian people of the Northern Territory. The Ngandji are another tribe, and the two are not to be confused.

text:
# Ngandi

The **Ngandi** were an indigenous Australian people of the Northern Territory. The Ngandji are another tribe, and the two are not to be confused.

## Country

The Ngandi's lands, some 1,500 square miles (3,900 km2) in extent, encompassed the area around the upper Wilton River, Mainoru River. Their eastern boundary was close to the sources of the Rose River.

## Alternative names

* *N'gundi*
* *Ngalbon, Ngalgbun*
* *Nandi*

## Notable people

The Australian ethnographer Norman Tindale was accompanied on his first fieldwork in 1921-1922 among the Groote Eylandt Ingura by a Ngandi tribal songmaker and trader, Maroadunei by name but known as 'Tim,' who acted as Tindale's interpreter, helper and handyman.

> Tim, the white man's name he liked to be called, had been for many years a carrier of trade parcels of unifacially flaked quartzite blades of *leilira* type, used as spearheads and knives, from the stone mines east of the Katherine River in southern Arnhem Land. For half of his adult life he had traveled through much of eastern Arnhem Land, keeping south of the border of the spread of the rite of circumcision, singing and dreaming up new songs for ceremonies, and on occasion introducing new drone-pipe rhythms to the people of the several tribes among whom he was a welcome guest. These songs and his neatly wrapped trade parcels were his passport to visit distant tribes and to see places denied to most tribesmen.

### Citations

1. Tindale 1974, p. 233.
2. Tindale 1974, p. 3.

## Sources

* Tindale, Norman Barnett (1974). "Ngandi (NT)". *Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names*. Australian National University Press. ISBN 978-0-708-10741-6.


title: Heath (Cardiff ward)

abstract: Heath is the name of an electoral ward in the north of the city of Cardiff, Wales, which covers its namesake community, Heath. The ward elects three county councillors to the County Council of the City and County of Cardiff.

text:
# Heath (Cardiff ward)

**Heath** (Welsh: *Y Mynydd Bychan*) is the name of an electoral ward in the north of the city of Cardiff, Wales, which covers its namesake community, Heath. The ward elects three county councillors to the County Council of the City and County of Cardiff.

## Description and history

The Heath ward boundaries are coterminous with the community. It is bordered to the north by Ty-wern Road (Rhiwbina ward) and the Cardiff City Line (Llanishen ward), to the east by the Cardiff to Caerphilly railway line (Cyncoed ward), to the south by the Western by-pass (Gabalfa ward) and to the west by the A470 road (Whitchurch & Tongwynlais ward). The Heath ward includes the University Hospital of Wales and the large adjacent area of greenery, Heath Park.

According to the 2011 census the population of the Heath ward was 12,629.

Since the creation of the Cardiff unitary authority in 1995, Heath has elected councillors from the Labour Party, Liberal Democrats, Conservatives and, since 2012, the Heath and Birchgrove Independents.

The ward was created following *The City of Cardiff (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1982*, coming into effect with the city council elections in 1983.

## Cardiff Council elections

### 2021 by-election

Long-standing councillor Fenella Bowden, retired for health reasons in September 2021, leading to a by-election seen as an important sign of voter intentions ahead of the 2022 Cardiff Council election. The by-election took place on 11 November 2021 and was won by Labour candidate, Julie Sangani, with 47.1% of the vote.

### 2012/2017

Liberal Democrat councillor, Fenella Bowden, left her party in November 2010 to sit on the Council as an Independent councillor. At the subsequent 2012 and 2017 elections the ward elected Bowden standing as a Heath and Birchgrove Independent, Lyn Hudson for the Conservatives and Graham Hinchey for the Labour Party.

Cardiff Council election, 4 May 2012
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Heath Independent | **Fenella Bowden *** | **1,500** | 12.1% |  |
|  | Labour | **Graham Hinchey *** | **1,416** | 11.4% |  |
|  | Conservative | **Lyn Hudson** | **1,270** | 10.2% |  |
|  | Conservative | Roland Page * | 1,242 | 10.0% |  |
|  | Labour | Marie John | 1,240 | 10.0% |  |
|  | Heath Independent | Steven Bowden | 1,151 | 9.3% |  |
|  | Labour | Ewan Moor | 1,116 | 9.0% |  |
|  | Conservative | Mark Branton | 1,101 | 8.9% |  |
|  | Heath Independent | Katrin O'Malley | 888 | 7.1% |  |
|  | Labour | John James | 349 | 2.8% |  |
|  | Plaid Cymru | Mali Rowlands | 325 | 2.6% |  |
|  | Heath Independent | Robert Smith | 262 | 2.1% |  |
|  | Green | Tom Coates | 253 | 2.0% |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Steven Price | 175 | 1.4% |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Ashley Wood | 140 | 1.1% |  |
| Turnout | | |  |  |  |
|  | Heath Independent **gain** from Liberal Democrats | |  |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

* = sitting councillor prior to the election

Following the May 2004 elections all three councillors were Liberal Democrat, with Graham Hinchey losing his seat. Hinchey had previously been a Labour councillor for the ward since 1995. After the 1995 elections there were two Labour councillors and one Liberal Democrat. After the 1999 elections there were two Liberal Democrats and one Labour councillor.

## Cardiff City Council elections

The Heath ward was created in 1982. Prior to 1995 Heath was an electoral ward to Cardiff City Council (a district council of South Glamorgan). The ward elected three city councillors. All three city councillors were from the Conservative Party, from the 1983 council elections until the creation of the new Cardiff unitary authority.

Councillors included Ron Watkiss, Conservative leader of the council from 1983.

51°30′40″N 3°11′56″W / 51.511°N 3.199°W / 51.511; -3.199

## InfoBox

| Heath | |
| --- | --- |
| Electoral ward | |
| Location of the Heath ward within Cardiff | |
| Population | 12,629 (2011 census) |
| Community |  |
| Principal area |  |
| Country | Wales |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| UK Parliament |  |
| Senedd Cymru – Welsh Parliament |  |
| Councillors | 3 (Cardiff Council) |
|


title: Pizza 73

abstract: Pizza 73 is a Canadian pizza restaurant chain. It was acquired by the Toronto-based Pizza Pizza chain in 2007 for CA$70.2 million. Pizza 73 has a total of 89 locations in Alberta. The restaurant's name originates from its original phone number: 473–7373. Founded by David Tougas and Guy Goodwin in 1985, Pizza 73 is headquartered in Edmonton, Alberta. Pizza 73 was the first delivery chain in Alberta to have a centralized call center, allowing customers to order their meals by phone; Pizza 73 has facilitated orders online since 1995. The restaurant has been recognized as one of Canada's 50 best-managed services, and one of Alberta's 50 fastest-growing companies by Alberta Venture.

text:
# Pizza 73

**Pizza 73** is a Canadian pizza restaurant chain. It was acquired by the Toronto-based Pizza Pizza chain in 2007 for CA$70.2 million.

Pizza 73 has a total of 89 locations in Alberta. The restaurant's name originates from its original phone number: 473–7373. Founded by David Tougas and Guy Goodwin in 1985, Pizza 73 is headquartered in Edmonton, Alberta.

Pizza 73 was the first delivery chain in Alberta to have a centralized call center, allowing customers to order their meals by phone; Pizza 73 has facilitated orders online since 1995. The restaurant has been recognized as one of Canada's 50 best-managed services, and one of Alberta's 50 fastest-growing companies by *Alberta Venture*.

## InfoBox

Pizza 73
|
|  |
| Industry |  |
| Genre | Pizzeria |
| Founded | 1985 (1985) |
| Founder | David Tougas
Guy Goodwin |
| Headquarters | 13703 164 Street NW
Edmonton, Alberta |
| Number of locations | 89 |
| Area served | Alberta
Saskatchewan
British Columbia |
| Key people | Paul Goddard (CEO) |
| Products | Pizza
Chicken wings
Pasta
Dairy-Free Cheeze
Gluten Free Dough
Keto Crust |
| Parent | Pizza Pizza |
| Website | www.pizza73.com |