title: Pleurotomella granulatorappardi

abstract: Pleurotomella granulatorappardi is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.

text:
# Pleurotomella granulatorappardi

***Pleurotomella granulatorappardi*** is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.

## Description

## Distribution

Fossils of this marine species were found in Oligocene strata in Aquitaine, France.

* Lozouet (P.), 2015 *Nouvelles espèces de gastéropodes (Mollusca: Gastropoda) de l'Oligocène et du Miocène inférieur d'Aquitaine (Sud-Ouest de la France)*. Partie 5. Cossmanniana, t. 17, p. 15-84

## InfoBox

| *Pleurotomella granulatorappardi* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shell of † *Pleurotomella granulatorappardi*, specimen at MNHN, Paris | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Raphitomidae |
| Genus: | *Pleurotomella* |
| Species: | ***P. granulatorappardi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pleurotomella granulatorappardi***<br>Janssen, 1979 | |
|


title: Martha Craig

abstract: Martha Craig was an explorer, writer and lecturer on scientific theories from Ireland. She was considered to be the first European woman to explore the Labrador region of Canada, assisted by indigenous guides in 1905. She claimed to have been made a princess by "the Indian chiefs" of Labrador, and lectured in the US, Canada and Europe as 'Princess Ye-wa-ga-no-nee'. She wrote and lectured on her scientific theories based on her observations in Labrador and her belief in reincarnation. She was invited to meet US President McKinley and was the first woman to lecture in the University of Salamanca. She wrote poetry, non-fiction and science fiction books. Some of her poetry was published as Maeve Carrig and she may also have written under the pseudonym Mithra. In 2021, a plaque commemorating her was erected in her home town of Gleno, Co Antrim.

text:
# Martha Craig

**Martha Craig** (8 August 1866 – 2 April 1950) was an explorer, writer and lecturer on scientific theories from Ireland. She was considered to be the first European woman to explore the Labrador region of Canada, assisted by indigenous guides in 1905. She claimed to have been made a princess by "the Indian chiefs" of Labrador, and lectured in the US, Canada and Europe as 'Princess Ye-wa-ga-no-nee'. She wrote and lectured on her scientific theories based on her observations in Labrador and her belief in reincarnation. She was invited to meet US President McKinley and was the first woman to lecture in the University of Salamanca. She wrote poetry, non-fiction and science fiction books. Some of her poetry was published as Maeve Carrig and she may also have written under the pseudonym Mithra. In 2021, a plaque commemorating her was erected in her home town of Gleno, Co Antrim.

## Early life

Martha Craig was born on 8 August 1866 at Carneal, Gleno, Co Antrim to William Craig and Mary Nelson. She was educated in England and France. As a young woman she was a member of the Henry Joy McCracken Society and believed in radical land reform in Ireland to "cure the country of "landlordism".

## Career

Craig began a career in journalism and left Ireland for the United States in the late 1890s. She was invited to the White House by President William McKinley in 1898 where they discussed "Erin's hopes and freedoms".

She moved to Canada, where she wrote a book on The Garden of Canada, Burlington, Oakville and District in 1902. Her interest in indigenous culture led her to engage with the Anishinaabe chief Buhgwujjenee and she may have spent some time living with the Ketegauneseebee (Garden River First Nation). Craig claimed to have been adopted by the Nation and given the name Enookwasshooshah ("brave one").

In 1905, she explored the interior of Labrador, accompanied by "two Indian guides". She was published in *Cosmopolitan* in July 1905 claiming to be "the only white woman who has explored Labrador", though this is disputed by Mina Hubbard who led a similar expedition around this time. Craig also claimed to have been made a princess by "the Indian chiefs of Labrador". She began to lecture as 'Princess Ye-wa-go-no-nee', wearing her hair in braids with a feather headdress, describing her experiences "in the land of Hiawatha". This would today be called cultural appropriation.

It was also claimed that Craig gifted a "talking machine outfit" to an indigenous tribe who gave her a gold mine in exchange.

### Theories

In her lectures, Craig expounded on pseudo-scientific theories based on her explorations in Labrador. One of these was the Vortex Theory which claimed that "vortexian currents" rather than gravity bound objects to the Earth. This was based on her erroneous observation that the Aurora Borealis were rushing outwards from Earth.

She also believed that "all life is vibration" and that she had been reincarnated from an Indian princess called Meta. She met with some ridicule in the press for her outlandish theories but she was also given platforms to write and speak about them. Her Vortex Theory appeared on the front page of the *American Register* newspaper and she was invited to lecture at the University of Salamanca, the first woman to do so. Her theories were also "duly considered" by the Academie des Sciences in France.

### Bibliography

* *The Garden of Canada. Burlington, Oakville and District*. 1902. Toronto: William Briggs.
* *First Principles: A Manifesto of the Vortex Theory of Creation*, London: Harrison, 1906.
* *The Men of Mars,* by Mithra, 1907.
* *Legends of the North Land,* c1910
* *On*, by Maeve Carraig, c1918

## Later life and death

Craig returned to Ireland after 1907 where she continued to write poetry, including a poem about her homeland of Gleno. In 1914 she lodged a patent in Belfast for the invention of "a method of constructing dirigibles, so as to minimise the danger of explosions".

The home she shared with her elderly sister Margaret was destroyed by fire in 1946.

Craig died on 2 April 1950 aged 83 at her sister's house in Carneal. She is buried in Gleno Churchyard.

In 2020, Belfast-born artist Lauren Gault presented a lecture and exhibition on Craig's writings, particularly her 1907 science fiction novel *The Men of Mars.*

In October 2021, a blue plaque commemorating Craig was erected by the Ulster History Circle in Gleno. It was unveiled by her great, great nephew Gordon McDowell. It reads: *Martha Craig 1866–1950, Enookwashwooshah ‘Brave Woman', Writer, Lecturer, Explorer, Born at Carneal, Gleno, Explored Labrador, Canada 1905*.


title: ZNF300

abstract: Zinc finger protein 300 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF300 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a C2H2-type zinc finger DNA binding protein and a likely transcription factor. It is antisense to the human gene, C16orf71, indicating possibility of regulated alternative expression.

text:
# ZNF300

**Zinc finger protein 300** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *ZNF300* gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a C2H2-type zinc finger DNA binding protein and a likely transcription factor.

It is antisense to the human gene, C16orf71, indicating possibility of regulated alternative expression.

## Clinical relevance

It is associated with Crohn's disease.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| ZNF300 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | ZNF300, zinc finger protein 300 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 612429; HomoloGene: 56531; GeneCards: ZNF300; OMA:ZNF300 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001172831
NM\_001172832
NM\_052860   n/a   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001166302
NP\_001166303
NP\_443092   n/a   Location (UCSC) Chr 5: 150.89 – 150.9 Mb n/a  PubMed search  n/a | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human | | | |


title: Orthophytum benzingii

abstract: Orthophytum benzingii is a plant species in the genus Orthophytum. The bromeliad is endemic to the Atlantic Forest biome within Minas Gerais, located in southeastern Brazil.

text:
# Orthophytum benzingii

***Orthophytum benzingii*** is a plant species in the genus *Orthophytum*.

The bromeliad is endemic to the Atlantic Forest biome (*Mata Atlantica Brasileira*) within Minas Gerais, located in southeastern Brazil.

* Martinelli, Gustavo; Vieira, Cláudia Magalhães; Gonzalez, Marcos; Leitman, Paula; Piratininga, Andréa; Costa, Andrea Ferreira da; Forzza, Rafaela Campostrini (January 2008). "Bromeliaceae da Mata Atlântica Brasileira: lista de espécies, distribuição e conservação" \[Bromeliaceae of the brazilian Atlantic Forest: checklist, distribution and conservation\]. *Rodriguésia* (in Brazilian Portuguese). **59** (1): 209–258. doi:10.1590/2175-7860200859114.

## InfoBox

| *Orthophytum benzingii* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Bromeliaceae |
| Genus: | *Orthophytum* |
| Species: | ***O. benzingii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Orthophytum benzingii***<br>Leme & H. Luther | |
|


title: Navicula caddoensis

abstract: Navicula caddoensis is a fossil species of algae in the genus Navicula. Navicula caddoensis is extinct.

text:
# Navicula caddoensis

***Navicula caddoensis*** is a fossil species of algae in the genus *Navicula.* *Navicula caddoensis* is extinct.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Navicula caddoensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| *Clade*: | Diaphoretickes |
| *Clade*: | SAR |
| *Clade*: | Stramenopiles |
| Phylum: | Gyrista |
| Subphylum: | Ochrophytina |
| Class: | Bacillariophyceae |
| Order: | Naviculales |
| Family: | Naviculaceae |
| Genus: | *Navicula* |
| Species: | ***N. caddoensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Navicula caddoensis***<br>Bond 1968 | |
|


abstract: The Politburo of the 12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was in session from 26 April 1923 to 2 June 1924.

text:
# Politburo of the 12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)

The **Politburo of the 12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)** was in session from 26 April 1923 to 2 June 1924.

## Composition

### Members

Members of the Politburo of the 12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)

| Name | Cyrillic | 11th POL | 13th POL | Birth | Death | PM | Ethnicity | Gender | Portrait |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Lev Kamenev | Лев Ка́менев | Old | Reelected | 1883 | 1936 | 1901 | Jewish-Russian | Male |  |
| Vladimir Lenin | Владимир Ленин | Old | Died | 1870 | 1924 | 1898 | Russian | Male |  |
| Alexei Rykov | Алексей Рыков | Old | Reelected | 1881 | 1938 | 1899 | Russian | Male |  |
| Joseph Stalin | Ио́сиф Ста́лин | Old | Reelected | 1878 | 1953 | 1898 | Georgian | Male |  |
| Mikhail Tomsky | Михаил Томский | Old | Reelected | 1880 | 1936 | 1904 | Russian | Male |  |
| Leon Trotsky | Лев Тро́цкий | Old | Reelected | 1879 | 1940 | 1917 | Jewish | Male |  |
| Grigory Zinoviev | Григо́рий Зино́вьев | Old | Reelected | 1883 | 1936 | 1901 | Jewish | Male |  |

### Candidates

Candidate Members of the Politburo of the 12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)

| Name | Cyrillic | 11th POL | 13th POL | Birth | Death | PM | Ethnicity | Gender | Portrait |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Nikolai Bukharin | Никола́й Буха́рин | Candidate | Member | 1888 | 1938 | 1906 | Russian | Male |  |
| Mikhail Kalinin | Михаил Калинин | Candidate | Candidate | 1875 | 1946 | 1898 | Russian | Male |  |
| Vyacheslav Molotov | Вячеслав Молотов | Candidate | Candidate | 1890 | 1986 | 1906 | Russian | Male |  |
| Jānis Rudzutaks | Ян Рудзутак | New | Candidate | 1887 | 1938 | 1905 | Latvian | Male |  |

1. His father was Jewish and his mother Russian

## InfoBox

| Politburo of the 12th Congress | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| 26 April 1923 – 2 June 1924<br> | |
|  | |


title: Plouaret–Lannion railway

abstract: The railway from Plouaret to Lannion is a regional railway line between Plouaret and Lannion in Côtes-d'Armor, France.

text:
# Plouaret–Lannion railway

The **railway from Plouaret to Lannion** is a regional railway line between Plouaret and Lannion in Côtes-d'Armor, France.

## Route

The line begins in Plouaret-Trégor station, then passes the former Kérauzern station, and ends in Lannion station.

## Line history

The line opened on November 13, 1881 and was electrified in 2000.

## Photos of the 2 stations

## InfoBox

| Plouaret–Lannion railway | |
| --- | --- |
| The line in 2015 at the former Kérauzern Station | |
| Overview | |
| Status | Operational |
| Owner | RFF |
| Locale | France (Brittany) |
| Termini |  |
| Service | |
| System | SNCF |
| Operator(s) | SNCF |
| History | |
| Opened | November 13, 1881 |
| Technical | |
| Line length | 16 km (9.9 mi) |
| Number of tracks | Single track |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) standard gauge |
| Electrification | since 2000 25 kV 50 Hz |
| Operating speed | 80 |
| Route map | |


title: Mermaid-class frigate

abstract: The Mermaid-class frigates were a group of six 28-gun sailing frigates of the sixth rate designed in 1760 by Sir Thomas Slade, based on the scaled-down lines of HMS Aurora. The contract for the prototype was agreed on 12 May 1760, for a ship to be launched within twelve months, and her name was assigned as Mermaid on 28 October 1760. The contract for the second ship was agreed on 10 March 1762, for a ship to be launched within thirteen months, and the contract for the third ship was agreed on 2 April 1762, for a ship to be launched within fourteen months; both names were assigned on 30 April 1763. Some ten years after the design was first produced, it was re-used for a second batch of three ships which were ordered on Christmas Day, 1770. While the design differences from the first batch were minor, the second batch were normally designated the Modified Mermaid class.

text:
# Mermaid-class frigate

The ***Mermaid*-class frigates** were a group of six 28-gun sailing frigates of the sixth rate designed in 1760 by Sir Thomas Slade, based on the scaled-down lines of HMS *Aurora* (originally a French prize, *L'Abénaquise*, which had been captured in 1757).

The contract for the prototype was agreed on 12 May 1760, for a ship to be launched within twelve months, and her name was assigned as *Mermaid* on 28 October 1760. The contract for the second ship was agreed on 10 March 1762, for a ship to be launched within thirteen months, and the contract for the third ship was agreed on 2 April 1762, for a ship to be launched within fourteen months; both names were assigned on 30 April 1763.

Some ten years after the design was first produced, it was re-used for a second batch of three ships which were ordered on Christmas Day, 1770. While the design differences from the first batch were minor (the keel was a few inches longer), the second batch were normally designated the **Modified *Mermaid* class**.

## Ships in class

**First batch**

* *Mermaid*
    + Ordered: 24 April 1760
    + Built by: Hugh Blaydes, Hull.
    + Keel laid: 27 May 1760
    + Launched: 6 May 1761
    + Completed: September 1761 at the builder's yard.
    + Fate: Run ashore to avoid capture by the French 8 July 1778.
* *Hussar*
    + Ordered: 30 January 1762
    + Built by: Thomas Inwood, Rotherhithe.
    + Keel laid: 1 April 1762
    + Launched: 26 August 1763
    + Completed: 7 November 1763 at Deptford Dockyard.
    + Fate: Wrecked in Hell's Gate passage, New York, on 24 November 1779.
* *Solebay*
    + Ordered 30 January 1762
    + Built by: Thomas Airey & Company, Newcastle.
    + Keel laid: 10 May 1762
    + Launched: 9 September 1763
    + Completed: December 1763 at the builder's yard, then 2 January to 15 March 1764 at Sheerness Dockyard.
    + Fate: Wrecked off Nevis Island and burnt to avoid capture 25 January 1782.

**Second batch**

* *Greyhound*
    + Ordered: 25 December 1770
    + Built by: Henry Adams, Bucklers Hard.
    + Keel laid: February 1771
    + Launched: 20 July 1773
    + Completed: October 1775 to 9 January 1776 at Portsmouth Dockyard.
    + Fate: Wrecked off Deal 16 August 1781.
* *Triton*
    + Ordered: 25 December 1770
    + Built by: Henry Adams, Bucklers Hard.
    + Keel laid: February 1771
    + Launched: 1 October 1773
    + Completed: 15 October 1773 to 4 November 1775 at Portsmouth Dockyard.
    + Fate: Taken to pieces at Deptford Dockyard in January 1796.
* *Boreas*
    + Ordered: 25 December 1770
    + Built by: Hugh Blaydes & Hodgson, Hull.
    + Keel laid: May 1771
    + Launched: 23 August 1774
    + Completed: 13 September 1774 to 23 October 1775 at Chatham Dockyard.
    + Fate: Sold at Sheerness Dockyard May 1802.

* David Lyon, *The Sailing Navy List*, Brasseys Publications, London 1993.
* Rif Winfield, *British Warships in the Age of Sail, 1714 to 1792: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates*, Seaforth Publishing, Barnsley 2007. ISBN 978-1-84415-700-6.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Class overview | |
| Built | 1760-1763, 1771-1776 |
| Completed | 6 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tons burthen | * 612 72/94 (first batch as designed) * 617 22/94 (second batch as designed) |
| Length | * 124 ft 0 in (38 m) (gundeck) * 102 ft 8.125 in (31 m) (keel - first batch) * 103 ft 4.75 in (32 m) (keel - second batch) |
| Beam | 33 ft 6 in (10 m) |
| Draught | 11 ft (3 m) |
| Sail plan | Full-rigged ship |
| Complement | 200 |
| Armament | * UD: 24 × 9-pounder guns * QD: 4 × 3-pounder guns * *From 1780* * UD: 24 × 9-pounder guns * QD 4 × 6-pounder guns and 18-pounder carronades * FC: 2 × 18-pounder carronades |


title: Port of Humanity Tsuruga Museum

abstract: Port of Humanity Tsuruga Museum is a museum that displays the history of Tsuruga Port, located in Kanegasaki Park, Tsuruga, Fukui, Japan. It emphasizes Chiune Sugihara, who saved the lives of many Jewish refugees during World War II by issuing transit visas. Tsuruga Port was the place they disembarked after their long journey from their native Europe.

text:
# Port of Humanity Tsuruga Museum

**Port of Humanity Tsuruga Museum** (人道の港 敦賀ムゼウム, *Jindō no Minato Tsuruga Muzeumu*) is a museum that displays the history of Tsuruga Port, located in Kanegasaki Park, Tsuruga, Fukui, Japan. It emphasizes Chiune Sugihara, who saved the lives of many Jewish refugees during World War II by issuing transit visas. Tsuruga Port was the place they disembarked after their long journey from their native Europe.

## Exhibition

The main exhibit covers the history of Tsuruga Port. Since early times, Tsuruga Port has connected Japan to the Asian continent. Especially starting from the Meiji period to the early Showa period, it enjoyed its heyday by serving as a departing point connecting Japan to the terminus of the Trans-Siberian Railroad at Vladivostok.

The exhibit highlight the activities of Chiune Sugihara (also pronounced as Senpo Sugihara). While he served as an acting consul of Japanese Consulate in Kaunas, Lithuania, he saved the lives of many Jews persecuted by Nazis by issuing transit visa, ignoring the directives of the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Tsuruga Port was the first point of disembarkation on Japanese territory after a long and harsh journey from Europe via Trans-Siberian Railroad. The museum explains how the local citizens warmly supported the Jewish refugees during their short stay in Tsuruga before they departed for further journeys to their final destinations by exhibitions and interviews with those who survived, as well as their descendants.

"ムゼウム" is a Japanese transliteration of the word "museum" in Polish, based on the fact that many of the Jewish refugees originated from Poland.

## Access

The museum is about 30 minute walk from Tsuruga Station of JR Hokuriku Main Line, or an eight minute bus ride (Tsuruga Shuyu bus) from Tsuruga Station to Kanegasaki Park, followed by about a four minute walk.

## InfoBox

Port of Humanity Tsuruga Museum
| 人道の港 敦賀ムゼウム | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Port of Humanity Tsuruga MuseumPort of Humanity Tsuruga Museum (Japan) | |
| Established | March 29, 2008 |
| Location | 1-44-1 Kanegasaki-cho, Tsuruga, Fukui Prefecture |
| Coordinates | 35°39′46″N 136°04′24″E / 35.662778°N 136.073444°E / 35.662778; 136.073444 |
| Type | history museum |
| Website | https://tsuruga-museum.jp/ |


title: Ploujean

abstract: Ploujean is a former commune of Finistère which is part of Morlaix since February 1959. The church was built in the 15th century. It has been listed as a Monument historique since 1914 by the French Ministry of Culture, and its organ, built by Thomas Dallam II in the 17th century, has been listed since 1992. It is the birthplace of the Breton poets Tristan Corbière and Olivier Souvestre (1835–1871). It is also the place where Gabriel Pierné died in 1937. The population was 3,142 at the 1954 census. Morlaix's airport, in Ploujean, is Morlaix – Ploujean Airport. Brit Air, a regional airline and Air France subsidiary, was headquartered by the airport in Ploujean. In 2013 the airline merged into HOP!.

text:
# Ploujean

**Ploujean** is a former commune of Finistère which is part of Morlaix since February 1959.

The church was built in the 15th century. It has been listed as a *Monument historique* since 1914 by the French Ministry of Culture, and its organ, built by Thomas Dallam II in the 17th century, has been listed since 1992.

It is the birthplace of the Breton poets Tristan Corbière and Olivier Souvestre (1835–1871). It is also the place where Gabriel Pierné died in 1937.

The population was 3,142 at the 1954 census.

Morlaix's airport, in Ploujean, is Morlaix – Ploujean Airport. Brit Air, a regional airline and Air France subsidiary, was headquartered by the airport in Ploujean. In 2013 the airline merged into HOP!.

48°36′19″N 3°50′2″W / 48.60528°N 3.83389°W / 48.60528; -3.83389


title: Verwey transition

abstract: The Verwey transition is a low-temperature phase transition in the mineral magnetite associated with changes in its magnetic, electrical, and thermal properties. It typically occurs near a temperature of 120 K but is observed at a range of temperatures between 80 and 125 K, although the spread is generally tight around 118-120 K in natural magnetites. Upon warming through the Verwey transition temperature (TV), the magnetite crystal lattice changes from a monoclinic structure insulator to the metallic cubic inverse spinel structure that persists at room temperature. The phenomenon is named after Evert Verwey, a Dutch chemist who first recognized, in the 1940s, the connection between the structural transition and the changes in the physical properties of magnetite. This was the first metal-insulator transition to be found. The Verwey transition is near in temperature, but distinct from, a magnetic isotropic point in magnetite, at which the first magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant changes sign from positive to negative. The temperature and physical expression of the Verwey transition are highly sensitive to the stress state of magnetite and the stoichiometry. Non-stoichiometry in the form of metal cation substitution or partial oxidation can lower the transition temperature or suppress it entirely.

text:
# Verwey transition

The **Verwey transition** is a low-temperature phase transition in the mineral magnetite associated with changes in its magnetic, electrical, and thermal properties. It typically occurs near a temperature of 120  but is observed at a range of temperatures between 80 and 125 K, although the spread is generally tight around 118-120 K in natural magnetites. Upon warming through the Verwey transition temperature (*T*V), the magnetite crystal lattice changes from a monoclinic structure insulator to the metallic cubic inverse spinel structure that persists at room temperature. The phenomenon is named after Evert Verwey, a Dutch chemist who first recognized, in the 1940s, the connection between the structural transition and the changes in the physical properties of magnetite. This was the first metal-insulator transition to be found.

The Verwey transition is near in temperature, but distinct from, a magnetic isotropic point in magnetite, at which the first magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant changes sign from positive to negative.

The temperature and physical expression of the Verwey transition are highly sensitive to the stress state of magnetite and the stoichiometry. Non-stoichiometry in the form of metal cation substitution or partial oxidation can lower the transition temperature or suppress it entirely.


title: Yuko Anai

abstract: Yuko Anai is a female Japanese popular music artist. She started her career as a member of a group called Tokyo Performance Doll. As UL-SAYS, she sang the opening song Oh my Darin for Urusei Yatsura. The song was recorded around August 1991. Between August 1995 and March 1996, Yuko was hired by St.GIGA to host the SoundLink Magazine, "King of After School", for the Nintendo Satellaview once a week. In September 1996, she formed the group Orange. In June 2000, she married professional golfer Yokota Shinichi.

text:
# Yuko Anai

**Yuko Anai** (穴井 夕子, born 7 June 1974) is a female Japanese popular music artist. She started her career as a member of a group called Tokyo Performance Doll. As UL-SAYS, she sang the opening song *Oh my Darin* for Urusei Yatsura. The song was recorded around August 1991. Between August 1995 and March 1996, Yuko was hired by St.GIGA to host the SoundLink Magazine, "King of After School" (放課後の王様, Houkago no Ousama?), for the Nintendo Satellaview once a week. In September 1996, she formed the group Orange. In June 2000, she married professional golfer Yokota Shinichi.

## Discography

### Singles

* 'WE SHOULD BE DANCING' (21 March 1991)
* 'NATURAL LOVERS' (21 September 1991)
* 'I Want You!' (22 July 1992)
* 'WILD CHILD' (2 February 1994)
* 'HEAVEN 2' (1 June 1994)
* 'STOP!' (7 September 1994)
* 'CRIME CRACKERS' (21 November 1994)
* 'Hallelujah!' (1 June 1995)
* 'Promises' (1 November 1995)
* 'LEGACY - Kimi no Ai wo Daite -' (1 March 1996)

### Albums

* *YUKO from Tokyo Performance Doll* (15 January 1993)
* *SIN* (1 December 1994)
* *BAD / but ENOUGH* (21 April 1996)


title: Orones

abstract: Orones is a hamlet located in the municipality of Boñar, in León province, Castile and León, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 15.

text:
# Orones

**Orones** is a hamlet located in the municipality of Boñar, in León province, Castile and León, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 15.

## Geography

Orones is located 67km north-northeast of León, Spain.

## InfoBox

| Orones | |
| --- | --- |
| Locality | |
| OronesOronesOrones | |
| Coordinates: 42°57′48″N 5°14′13″W / 42.96333°N 5.23694°W / 42.96333; -5.23694 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Castile and León |
| Province | Province of León |
| Municipality | Boñar |
| Elevation | 1,145 m (3,757 ft) |
| Population | |
| Total | 15 |


title: Nemi

abstract: Nemi is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome, in the Alban Hills overlooking Lake Nemi, a volcanic crater lake. It is 6 kilometres (4 mi) northwest of Velletri and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Rome. The town's name derives from the Latin nemus, or "holy wood". In antiquity the area had no town, but the grove was the site of one of the most famous of Roman cults and temples: the Temple of Diana Nemorensis. In 1514 Marcantonio I Colonna gave to Nemi the "Statuti e Capituli del Castello di Nemi".

text:
# Nemi

**Nemi** is a town and *comune* in the Metropolitan City of Rome (central Italy), in the Alban Hills overlooking Lake Nemi, a volcanic crater lake. It is 6 kilometres (4 mi) northwest of Velletri and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Rome.

The town's name derives from the Latin *nemus*, or "holy wood". In antiquity the area had no town, but the grove was the site of one of the most famous of Roman cults and temples: the Temple of Diana Nemorensis.

In 1514 Marcantonio I Colonna gave to Nemi the "Statuti e Capituli del Castello di Nemi".

## Main sights

### The Temple of Diana Nemorensis

The Temple of Diana Nemorensis was an ancient Roman sanctuary erected around 300 BC and dedicated to the goddess Diana although worship of Diana at Nemi flourished from at least the 6th century BC

The temple was situated on the northern shore of Lake Nemi beneath the cliffs of the modern city Nemi (Latin *nemus Aricinum*). It was a famous place of pilgrimage in the Italian peninsula.

The temple was abandoned at some point in the late Roman Empire period. Portions of its marbles and decorations were removed. The area of the temple was gradually covered by forest and generally left undisturbed for centuries.

Amateur archaeological excavations of the site began in the 1600s.

### Caligula's ships

Possibly in connection with the cult of Diana Nemorensis, Roman emperor Caligula built several very large and costly luxury barges for use on the lake. One ship was a shrine dedicated to ceremonies for the Egyptian Isis cult or the cult of Diana Nemorensis, designed to be towed, and the other was a pleasure boat with buildings on it. After Caligula's overthrow, the boats were scuttled.

The ships were rediscovered during the Renaissance, when architect Leon Battista Alberti is reported to have attempted to raise the ships by roping them to buoyant barrels. While ingenious, this method proved unsuccessful, because of extensive rotting.

The boats were finally salvaged from 1929 to 1932 under orders of Benito Mussolini. This was just one of many attempts to relate himself to the Roman Emperors of the past. The ships were exposed by lowering the lake level using underground canals that were dug by the ancient Romans. The excavation was led by Guido Ucelli and was reported in *Le Navi di Nemi* by Guido Ucelli (Rome, 1950). They were destroyed by fire on 31 May 1944, it is disputed whether this was done by defeated German forces retreating from Italy at the end of World War II or accidentally by squatters taking refuge in the museum building. Surviving remnants from the excavations as well as replicas are now displayed in the Museo Nazionale Romano at the Palazzo Massimo in Rome. The remains of the ship hulls survive today at Museo delle Navi Romane, Nemi.

### Other sights

Nemi itself is home to a few late medieval to 18th‑century churches, and the Castello Ruspoli, dominating both town and landscape, the core of which dates to the 10th century.

## Strawberries

Nemi is famous for its wild strawberries, which are smaller and sweeter than commercially grown varieties. Nemi's strawberries are grown on the sides of the volcanic crater, which creates a microclimate that retains the warmth of the sun and provides a wind shield. Nemi conducts an annual festival of strawberries.

## InfoBox

| Nemi | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di Nemi | |
| View of Nemi | |
| Location of Nemi | |
| NemiLocation of Nemi in ItalyNemiNemi (Lazio) | |
| Coordinates: 41°43′N 12°43′E / 41.717°N 12.717°E / 41.717; 12.717 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Lazio |
| Metropolitan city | Rome (RM) |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Alberto Bertucci |
| Area | |
| Total | 7 km2 (3 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 521 m (1,709 ft) |
| Population (31 May 2015) | |
| Total | 1,918 |
| Density | 270/km2 (710/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Nemorensi |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 00040 |
| Dialing code | 06 |
| Patron saint | Sts. Philip and James |
| Saint day | May 3 |
| Website | comunedinemi.rm.gov.it |


title: Senegalese tea culture

abstract: Senegalese tea culture is an important part of daily social life. The Senegalese tea-drinking custom is essentially similar to those of other countries in the West Africa region, such as Mali, Guinea, Gambia and Mauritania. In and around Senegal, tea is prepared and presented in an elaborate process, and known in the Wolof language as attaya, ataya or ataaya.

text:
# Senegalese tea culture

**Senegalese tea culture** is an important part of daily social life. The Senegalese tea-drinking custom is essentially similar to those of other countries in the West Africa region, such as Mali, Guinea, Gambia and Mauritania. In and around Senegal, tea is prepared and presented in an elaborate process, and known in the Wolof language as *attaya*, *ataya* or *ataaya*.

## Making ataya

Sometimes made with mint, the drink is particularly served as a social occasion after meals, and it's the beverage that is typically offered to friends and visitors. Drinking *attaya* is seen to promote conversation and maintain friendship because it takes a long time to prepare properly. Indeed, some authors have referenced the act of making *ataya* as a form of practical relaxation along with meditation and yoga.

Senegalese-style attaya is served in three separate stages, called "the three concoctions":

> Chinese green tea leaves are put into the teapot with some water and mint leaves and boiled over a charcoal stove. Sugar is added to the teapot and the tea is poured into small glasses of a certain height and then poured back and forth from the glass to the teapot several times so that foam appears in the glass. The thicker the foam, the better the tea.

One cookbook of African recipes recommends serving the tea immediately with a generous amount of sugar:

> The Western African style of serving involves holding the tea pot high above the table and pouring the hot tea at least twelve inches through the air into small glasses. (Glasses made of glass, not porcelain cups.) If the sugar is added to the pot, the tea is sometimes poured from the glasses back into the pot (before anyone has sipped) and the process is repeated. This mixes the sugar into the tea. Western Africans generally drink their tea very sweet.

The first glass has been described as having *an intense sweetness that cancels out a strident tannic bitterness to give a shot that is almost narcotic in its effect*. The second glass is sweeter and the third is very sweet but much reduced in its bitterness because the same leaves are used to prepare all three glasses.

Words used in various ethnic languages to refer to the tea, the tiny metal teapot and the mint are typically borrowed from Arabic, pointing to the idea that Senegalese mint tea is of Moorish origin.

More than 80% of the population from 15 to 60 years of age drink tea. Studies have shown that due to the high concentration of fluoride in green tea, the practice may aid in preventing dental diseases, specifically dental caries.

## In music

The cultural importance of Senegalese tea drinking was underlined in the song *Ataya*, a track on Ismaël Lô's 1986 album, *Natt*.

Videos showing *attaya* tea drinking customs:


abstract: Pleasant Grove Township is one of twelve townships in Coles County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,227 and it contained 584 housing units.

text:
# Pleasant Grove Township, Coles County, Illinois

**Pleasant Grove Township** is one of twelve townships in Coles County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,227 and it contained 584 housing units.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 41.65 square miles (107.9 km2), of which 41.64 square miles (107.8 km2) (or 99.98%) is land and 0.01 square miles (0.026 km2) (or 0.02%) is water.

### Cities, towns, villages

### Unincorporated towns

### Extinct towns

* Campbell

### Cemeteries

The township contains 14 cemeteries: Armstrong, Bales, Beals, Doty, Janesville, Leitch, Lower Muddy, Mount Tabor, New Indian Creek, New Kelley, Old Indian Creek, Shiloh, Upper Muddy and Wright.

### Rivers

### Landmarks

* Janesville

## Demographics

As of the 2020 census there were 1,227 people, 521 households, and 339 families residing in the township. The population density was 29.42 inhabitants per square mile (11.36/km2). There were 584 housing units at an average density of 14.00 units per square mile (5.41 units/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 93.24% White, 0.41% African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.90% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.57% from other races, and 4.81% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.06% of the population.

There were 521 households, out of which 20.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.43% were married couples living together, 5.95% had a female householder with no spouse present, and 34.93% were non-families. 30.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12 and the average family size was 2.57.

The township's age distribution consisted of 13.8% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 19.9% from 25 to 44, 38.3% from 45 to 64, and 19.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 51.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.4 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $52,543, and the median income for a family was $71,050. Males had a median income of $32,067 versus $26,850 for females. The per capita income for the township was $29,661. About 3.8% of families and 11.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.0% of those under age 18 and 9.9% of those age 65 or over.

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | 1,327 |  |  |
| 2020 | 1,227 |  | −7.5% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

## School districts

## Political districts

* "Pleasant Grove Township, Coles County, Illinois". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved January 10, 2010.
* United States Census Bureau 2007 TIGER/Line Shapefiles
* United States National Atlas

## Adjacent townships

## InfoBox

| Pleasant Grove Township | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Location in Coles County | |
| Coles County's location in Illinois | |
| Coordinates: 39°24′N 88°16′W / 39.400°N 88.267°W / 39.400; -88.267 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Illinois |
| County | Coles |
| Established | November 8, 1859 |
| Area | |
| Total | 41.65 sq mi (107.9 km2) |
| Land | 41.64 sq mi (107.8 km2) |
| Water | 0.01 sq mi (0.03 km2)  0.02% |
| Elevation | 732 ft (223 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 1,227 |
| Density | 29/sq mi (11/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP codes | 61920, 61938, 62440, 62469 |
| FIPS code | 17-029-60469 |


title: Merton Abbey railway station

abstract: Merton Abbey was a railway station in Merton on the Tooting, Merton and Wimbledon Railway. It was opened in 1868 and closed on 1 January 1917. It was reopened by the Southern Railway (SR) on 27 August 1923. When the City & South London Railway was extended from Clapham Common to Morden in 1926, it opened stations at Colliers Wood and South Wimbledon. The new Underground stations captured much of Merton Abbey station's traffic and led to its closure to passengers on 3 March 1929. The station remained open for goods services until 1 May 1972 and goods trains continued to run to a nearby private siding serving the Lines Brothers ("Tri-ang") toy factory until 1975. After closure of the passenger service, the junction at Tooting Junction was removed on 10 March 1934 and the up line from Merton Park on 3 November 1935. The site of the station lies under a road, the Merantun Way. The only indication of its former existence is that the former station approach road is still called Station Road.

text:
# Merton Abbey railway station

**Merton Abbey** was a railway station in Merton on the Tooting, Merton and Wimbledon Railway. It was opened in 1868 and closed on 1 January 1917. It was reopened by the Southern Railway (SR) on 27 August 1923.

When the City & South London Railway (now part of the London Underground's Northern line) was extended from Clapham Common to Morden in 1926, it opened stations at Colliers Wood and South Wimbledon. The new Underground stations captured much of Merton Abbey station's traffic and led to its closure to passengers on 3 March 1929. The station remained open for goods services until 1 May 1972 and goods trains continued to run to a nearby private siding serving the Lines Brothers ("Tri-ang") toy factory until 1975. After closure of the passenger service, the junction at Tooting Junction was removed on 10 March 1934 and the up line from Merton Park on 3 November 1935.

The site of the station lies under a road, the Merantun Way. The only indication of its former existence is that the former station approach road is still called Station Road.

| Preceding station |  | Disused railways |  | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Merton Park |  | Southern Railway<br>Merton Branch |  | Tooting Junction |

## InfoBox

| Merton Abbey | |
| --- | --- |
| Station on an 1895 Ordnance Survey map | |
| Merton AbbeyLocation of Merton Abbey in Greater London | |
| Location | Merton |
| Number of platforms | 2 |
| Railway companies | |
| Original company | Tooting, Merton and Wimbledon Railway |
| Key dates | |
| 1868 | Opened |
| 1917 | Closed |
| 1923 | Reopened |
| 1929 | Closed (passengers) |
| 1972 | Closed (goods) |
| Other information | |
| Coordinates | 51°24′51″N 0°10′55″W / 51.4141°N 0.1819°W / 51.4141; -0.1819 |
| London transport portal | |


title: George Kanuck

abstract: George J. Kanuck is a former Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. He was born in Marion, Indiana.

text:
# George Kanuck

**George J. Kanuck** (born April 26, 1943) is a former Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. He was born in Marion, Indiana.

## InfoBox

| George J. Kanuck | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
from the 133rd district | |
| **In office**
1979  May 6, 1982 | |
| Preceded by | Frank Meluski |
| Succeeded by | Paul F. McHale, Jr. |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1943-04-26) April 26, 1943
Marion, Indiana |
| Political party | Republican |
|  | |


title: Ploumanac'h

abstract: Ploumanac'h is a village port in a natural harbour, part of the commune of Perros-Guirec, in the arrondissement of Lannion, in the Côtes-d'Armor department of the Brittany region of France. In 2015 it was voted "the village most preferred by the French". It lies 3 kilometres north-west of the town Perros-Guirec. An outstanding feature of the area is the pink granite rock and sands of the Côte de Granit Rose coast. Buildings of interest are the tidal mill and the Ploumanac'h Lighthouse. The chapel of Saint Guirec faces the beach, opposite its little 12th-century oratory which is surrounded by the sea at high tide. The small chateau is not open to the public but it was the place where Henryk Sienkiewicz wrote Quo Vadis and gained himself a Nobel Prize in Literature.

text:
# Ploumanac'h

**Ploumanac'h** (French pronunciation: \[plumanak\] or \[plumana\], and in Breton \[pluˈmãːnax\]) is a village port in a natural harbour, part of the commune of Perros-Guirec, in the arrondissement of Lannion, in the Côtes-d'Armor department of the Brittany region of France. In 2015 it was voted "the village most preferred by the French". It lies 3 kilometres north-west of the town Perros-Guirec.

An outstanding feature of the area is the pink granite rock and sands of the Côte de Granit Rose coast. Buildings of interest are the tidal mill and the Ploumanac'h Lighthouse. The chapel of Saint Guirec faces the beach, opposite its little 12th-century oratory which is surrounded by the sea at high tide. The small chateau is not open to the public but it was the place where Henryk Sienkiewicz wrote *Quo Vadis* and gained himself a Nobel Prize in Literature.

## Climate

| Climate data for Ploumanac'h / 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1947–present | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.8
(64.0) | 20.6
(69.1) | 23.6
(74.5) | 26.9
(80.4) | 30.3
(86.5) | 32.7
(90.9) | 36.2
(97.2) | 35.6
(96.1) | 30.5
(86.9) | 30.8
(87.4) | 22.0
(71.6) | 18.3
(64.9) | 36.2
(97.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.6
(49.3) | 9.7
(49.5) | 11.5
(52.7) | 12.7
(54.9) | 15.2
(59.4) | 17.7
(63.9) | 19.8
(67.6) | 20.4
(68.7) | 18.9
(66.0) | 16.0
(60.8) | 12.5
(54.5) | 10.2
(50.4) | 14.5
(58.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 7.4
(45.3) | 7.3
(45.1) | 8.9
(48.0) | 9.9
(49.8) | 12.4
(54.3) | 14.8
(58.6) | 16.9
(62.4) | 17.3
(63.1) | 16.0
(60.8) | 13.4
(56.1) | 10.2
(50.4) | 8.0
(46.4) | 11.9
(53.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.2
(41.4) | 4.9
(40.8) | 6.3
(43.3) | 7.1
(44.8) | 9.6
(49.3) | 12.0
(53.6) | 13.9
(57.0) | 14.3
(57.7) | 13.2
(55.8) | 10.8
(51.4) | 8.0
(46.4) | 5.9
(42.6) | 9.3
(48.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −11.0
(12.2) | −11.0
(12.2) | −3.2
(26.2) | 0.0
(32.0) | 1.8
(35.2) | 6.0
(42.8) | 8.2
(46.8) | 7.8
(46.0) | 7.0
(44.6) | 1.0
(33.8) | −2.8
(27.0) | −10.0
(14.0) | −11.0
(12.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 93.3
(3.67) | 76.3
(3.00) | 65.5
(2.58) | 64.9
(2.56) | 61.3
(2.41) | 45.5
(1.79) | 47.4
(1.87) | 49.5
(1.95) | 55.4
(2.18) | 91.5
(3.60) | 95.8
(3.77) | 109.8
(4.32) | 856.2
(33.71) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 15.9 | 12.4 | 12.2 | 11.3 | 10.2 | 8.1 | 8.7 | 8.3 | 9.2 | 13.8 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 141.5 |
| Source: Meteociel | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

48°50′N 3°29′W / 48.833°N 3.483°W / 48.833; -3.483


title: Yuji Sakamoto

abstract: Yūji Sakamoto is a Japanese screenwriter, lyricist, and playwright.

text:
# Yuji Sakamoto

**Yūji Sakamoto** (坂元裕二, *Sakamoto Yūji*, born 12 May 1967) is a Japanese screenwriter, lyricist, and playwright.

## Early life

Yūji Sakamoto was born on 12 May 1967 in Osaka.

## Career

At the age of 19, Sakamoto won the 1st Fuji TV Young Scenario Award. At the age of 23, he wrote the screenplay for *Tokyo Love Story*. In 1996 he wrote the script for the Dreamcast audio drama game *Real Sound: Kaze no Regret* with Kenji Eno. This game was specially developed for blind and visually impaired players. He has written the scripts for many popular Japanese television dramas, including *Our Textbook*, *Still, Life Goes On*, *Matrimonial Chaos*, *Mother*, *Woman*, *The Best Divorce*, and *Quartet*. Many of his works have been remade in international productions. His recent works include *Anone*, *My Dear Exes*, and *Love with a Case*. His filmography includes *We Made a Beautiful Bouquet* (2021), starring Masaki Suda and Kasumi Arimura. Sakamoto wrote the screenplay for Hirokazu Kore-eda's film *Monster* (2023). It was the first time since his feature film debut *Maborosi* (1995) that Kore-eda was not responsible for the screenplay. The two had expressed a mutual respect for each other's work and had attended the same school when they were younger. *Monster* premiered at the 2023 Cannes Film Festival, where Sakamoto won the Best Screenplay award.

In April 2016, he was appointed as a professor at the Tokyo University of the Arts's Graduate School of Film and New Media.

In April 2023, Sakamoto was awarded a Medal of Honor with Purple Ribbon and in May 2023, he won the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Screenplay for *Monster*.

Sakomoto wrote and produced *In Love and Deep Water* for Netflix, and the film premiered in 2023. He and Netflix signed a five-year collaboration agreement in June 2023.

## Personal life

In 1998, he married actress Yoko Moriguchi.

## Filmography

### Television

| Year | Title | Network | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1989 | *Dōkyūsei* | Fuji TV |  |
| 1990 | *Nippon-ichi no Kattobi Otoko* | |  |
| 1991 | *Tokyo Love Story* | |  |
| 1992 | *Hatachi no Yakusoku* | |  |
| 1996 | *Tsubasa o Kudasai!* | |  |
| 2002 | *Remote* | NTV |  |
| 2003 | *Anata no Tonari ni Dare ka Iru* | Fuji TV |  |
| 2004 | *Itoshi Kimi e* | |  |
| | *Last Christmas* | |  |
| 2006 | *Saiyūki* | |  |
| | *Top Caster* | |  |
| 2007 | *Our Textbook* | |  |
| 2008 | *Ryokiteki na Kanojo* | TBS |  |
| | *Taiyo to Umi no Kyoshitsu* | Fuji TV |  |
| 2010 | *Cheisu: Kokuzei sasatsukan* | NHK |  |
| | *Mother* | NTV |  |
| 2011 | *Soredemo, Ikite Yuku* | Fuji TV |  |
| 2012 | *Makete, Katsu: Sengo o Tsukutta Otoko Shigeru Yoshida* | NHK |  |
| 2013 | *The Best Divorce* | Fuji TV |  |
| | *Woman* | NTV |  |
| 2014 | *Mosaic Japan* | WOWOW |  |
| | *Oyaji no Senaka* | TBS | Episode: "Wedding Match" |
| 2015 | *Mondai no Aru Restaurant* | Fuji TV |  |
| 2016 | *Love That Makes You Cry* | |  |
| 2017 | *Quartet* | TBS |  |
| 2018 | *Anone* | NTV |  |
| 2021 | *Omameda Towako and Her Three Ex-Husbands* | KTV |  |
| 2022 | *Hatsukoi no Akuma* | NTV |  |
|

### Film

| Year | Title | Director | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1996 | *Yuri* | Yuji Sakamoto |  |
| 1998 | *Tokyo Eyes* | Jean-Pierre Limosin |  |
| 2004 | *Crying Out Love in the Center of the World* | Isao Yukisada |  |
| 2005 | *Gimî hebun* | Toru Matsuura |  |
| 2007 | *Saiyūki* | Kensaku Sawada |  |
| 2021 | *We Made a Beautiful Bouquet* | Nobuhiro Doi |  |
| 2023 | *Monster* | Hirokazu Kore-eda |  |
| | *In Love and Deep Water* | Yusuke Taki |  |
|

## InfoBox

| Yuji Sakamoto | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1967-05-12) 12 May 1967<br>Osaka, Japan |
| Occupation | Writer |
| Spouse | Yoko Moriguchi (m. 1998) |


title: Nebria acuta

abstract: Nebria acuta is a species of black coloured ground beetle from Nebriinae subfamily that can be found in Canada and United States, in states like Alaska, California, Oregon, and Washington.

text:
# Nebria acuta

***Nebria acuta*** is a species of black coloured ground beetle from Nebriinae subfamily that can be found in Canada and United States, in states like Alaska, California, Oregon, and Washington.

## InfoBox

| *Nebria acuta* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Nebria* |
| Subgenus: | Nebria (Reductonebria) |
| Species: | ***N. acuta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Nebria acuta***<br>Lindroth, 1961 | |
|


abstract: The OECD Gender, Institutions and Development (GID) Database, or GID-DB, contains more than 60 data indicators of gender equality. The GID-DB was introduced in 2006 by the OECD Development Centre to provide a data tool to help researchers and policy makers determine and analyze obstacles to women's social and economic development. It provides these gender-related data for up to 162 countries from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe, thereby covering all regions and country-income-categories of the world.

text:
# Gender, Institutions and Development Database

The OECD **Gender, Institutions and Development** (**GID**) **Database**, or **GID-DB**, contains more than 60 data indicators of gender equality. The GID-DB was introduced in 2006 by the OECD Development Centre to provide a data tool to help researchers and policy makers determine and analyze obstacles to women's social and economic development. It provides these gender-related data for up to 162 countries from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe, thereby covering all regions and country-income-categories of the world.

## Database composition

The GID Database is structured around key traditional measurements of gender equality, including *Education* (data such as literacy rates and school enrollments for each gender), *Health* (such as percentage of births attended by skilled personnel), *Economic status* and *Political status* (such as percentage of legislators for each gender). The GID-DB also introduced non-traditional data indicators for "social institutions" such as cultural practices and social norms which affect gender equality. These new measurements are thoroughly presented here, in the next section. By providing new indicator information on these formerly "hidden" instances of gender discrimination, the database complements other data compilations such as the UNDP's Human Development Report, the World Bank Group's *GenderStats* database, or the World Economic Forum's *Global Gender Gap Report*.

## Measures of social institutions

The GID database groups its 12 social-institution indicators into 5 different categories, below. Each of these 12 indicators is a cultural and traditional practice that impacts upon *gender equality*. Each indicator is coded between 0 (indicating no discrimination, i.e., equality) and 1 (indicating high discrimination, or high inequality) depending on the extent of discrimination and the percentage of females that suffer from its application, for each specific social institution. As an example, consider Inheritance, the second social institution or indicator below: If 10 percent of the female population in a country report restricted access to inheritance, with daughters inheriting only half the amount granted to sons, the indicator for inheritance would be 10 percent x 0.50 = 0.05, nearly equality. Values above 0 can be too complicated to describe briefly, in which case they are omitted below.

**Family Code**:

* Parental authority – authority is granted to father and mother equally (yes = 0).
* Inheritance – inheritance practices in favour of male heirs (no = 0).
* Early marriage (women) – share of girls between 15 and 19 who are or have been married.
* Polygamy – acceptance or legality of polygamy (no = 0).

**Civil Liberties**:

* Freedom of movement – freedom to move freely outside of the house (no discrimination = 0).
* Dress code in public – obligation to wear a veil in public (no = 0).

**Physical Integrity**:

* Violence against women/Legal indicator – existence of laws against 3 categories (domestic, assault or rape, and sexual harassment; averaged together), with totally illegal = 0.
* Female genital mutilation – share of women with genital mutilation.

**Son Preference**:

* Son preference (missing women) compares "the number of women that should be alive (assuming no son preference) and the actual number of women in a country." – No women are missing = 0.

**Ownership Rights**:

* Women's access to land ownership – (value between 0 = full access and 1 = impossible).
* Women's access to bank loans – (between 0 = full access and 1 = impossible).
* Women's access to owning property other than land – (between 0 = full and 1 = no).

The GID database itself is the source for these brief descriptions. Namely, the GID-DB includes a complete description for each data indicator, called its metadata, which stays hidden until one clicks on that indicator's little red "i" – the working definitions for the data indicators are easily *available* online right with the data.

## Use of the GID-DB tool

The GID-DB has been statistically applied toward identifying the factors which determine how women's labour-force participation varies across the database countries. The reported results suggest that the social-institution factors or indicators can outweigh the other traditional indicators such as income per capita. The GID database including its social-institution indicators thus may be useful in solving various economic development problems, by offering a more complete set of indicators from which to choose for answering policy questions or for other research topics.

## Composite index of gender equality

The UNDP (UN Development Programme) publishes two composite indexes of *gender equality*, based on traditional indicators (such as the above-mentioned ones in the GID-DB), namely the Gender Empowerment Measure, or GEM, and the Gender-related Development Index or GDI.

In 2009, similarly the *OECD Development Centre* introduced the *Social Institutions and Gender Index* (SIGI), which is described in its own article. The SIGI is exclusively based on the 12 new social institutions above, their 5 groups providing the SIGI's 5 components. Given its exclusive focus on social institutions, the *SIGI* is a highly specialized measure of gender equality – and should not be confused with the *GEM* and the *GDI*.

The SIGI and its 5 components were added in 2009 to the GID-DB, readily accessible (as described below) as a specific part of the latter.

## Accessing the GID-DB data

These data can be accessed via the OECD website StatExtracts (GID-DB), whose sidebar has all of the GID database's components selected and ready to click on, with its 12 *Social Institution* indicators already on display in the main part of the screen. More information such as working definitions of the data, plus the country notes, can be displayed (or hidden again) by clicking on the little red i's.

Many other OECD datasets are listed in the sidebar, in addition to the GID-DB data which are the subject of this article.


title: Ideas y Valores

abstract: Ideas y Valores is an open access academic journal of philosophy edited and published four-monthly by the National University of Colombia. Throughout its more than sixty years of existence, the journal's objective has been to provide a space for the publication and dissemination of philosophical work carried out in Colombia. However, Ideas y Valores has always been in close contact with the philosophical work carried out in Latin America and the world. It currently publishes articles and reviews on all philosophical areas in Spanish, Portuguese and, occasionally, English. The journal also receives translations to Spanish of texts which have lost their copyrights or whose copyrights have been bought by or given to the translator and, by extension, to Ideas y Valores. The journal also designs and publishes supplements on specific authors or topics whenever there are special academic events or at the request of the academic community. These supplements do not interfere with the journal's regular publishing schedule.

text:
# Ideas y Valores

***Ideas y Valores*** is an open access academic journal of philosophy edited and published four-monthly by the National University of Colombia. Throughout its more than sixty years of existence, the journal's objective has been to provide a space for the publication and dissemination of philosophical work carried out in Colombia. However, *Ideas y Valores* has always been in close contact with the philosophical work carried out in Latin America and the world. It currently publishes articles and reviews on all philosophical areas in Spanish, Portuguese and, occasionally, English. The journal also receives translations to Spanish of texts which have lost their copyrights or whose copyrights have been bought by or given to the translator and, by extension, to *Ideas y Valores*.

The journal also designs and publishes supplements on specific authors or topics whenever there are special academic events or at the request of the academic community. These supplements do not interfere with the journal's regular publishing schedule.

## Brief history

*Ideas y Valores* was founded in 1951 by Cayetano Betancur, then dean of the School of Philosophy at the National University of Colombia. The journal's original title was *Ideas*, a title that was meant to evoke Plato and that reflected the speculative orientation that Betancur wanted to give to the journal. The name was changed for the second issue due to the existence of another journal at the same university with a similar name. *Ideas y Valores* has been published almost uninterruptedly since 1951, except for some interruptions between 1954 and 1962, and between 1972 and 1974.

The current editor of the journal is Professor Jorge Aurelio Díaz.

*Ideas y Valores* is indexed in Publindex of COLCIENCIAS (Category A2), Philosopher's Index, Ulrich's, The International Philosophical Bibliography, Biblioteca Electrónica Scielo Colombia, DIALNET, Redalyc, Latindex, and the Répertoire Bibliographique de la Philosophie.

## InfoBox

*Ideas y Valores*
| Discipline | Philosophy |
| --- | --- |
| Language | Spanish |
| Edited by | Jorge Aurelio Díaz |
| Publication details | |
| Former name(s) | Ideas |
| History | 1951–1953; 1963–1971; 1975–present |
| Publisher | National University of Colombia (Colombia) |
| Frequency | Triannual |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Ideas Valores* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 0120-0062
 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Playboy Collectors' Figure Series

abstract:
Playboy Collectors' Figures are a series of dolls modeled after popular Playboy Playmates. Generally known as Playboy Dolls, the first doll was launched at the International Toy Fair in New York City in 2002. The dolls are 16 inches tall, dwarfing G.I. Joe dolls by 4 inches. Initial dolls in the series are:
  - Victoria Silvstedt
  - Karen McDougal
  - Dalene Kurtis
  - Ava Fabian
  - Marilyn Monroe The original concept was to release them as limited production run dolls for collectors every year after initial launch. The dolls boasted features such as soft plastic skin, joint articulation for realistic movement, and "anatomically correct" modelling. Wax casting of the face, hands, and certain other body parts was used to model those areas. Sculptors worked very closely with the Playmates throughout the process. For some of the latter dolls, computer scans of the Playmate's body was used. The proto-type painting schemes and colors for the skin and make-up for each doll was designed by Joe Petro a Los Angeles–based freelance artist. The clothing for the dolls was usually modelled after the clothing used in the Playmate's pictorial or, in the case of Marilyn Monroe, a timeless classic costume associated with the subject. All dolls included a numbered certificate of their production run. A small number of these certificates were also signed by the artist Joe Petro. The dolls are designed and manufactured by the Stronghold Group with assistance from Living Toyz and Evil Genius Toys.

text:
# Playboy Collectors' Figure Series

**Playboy Collectors' Figures** are a series of dolls modeled after popular *Playboy* Playmates. Generally known as **Playboy Dolls**, the first doll was launched at the International Toy Fair in New York City in 2002. The dolls are 16 inches tall, dwarfing G.I. Joe dolls by 4 inches. Initial dolls in the series are:

The original concept was to release them as limited production run dolls for collectors every year after initial launch. The dolls boasted features such as soft plastic skin, joint articulation for realistic movement, and "anatomically correct" modelling. Wax casting of the face, hands, and certain other body parts was used to model those areas. Sculptors worked very closely with the Playmates throughout the process. For some of the latter dolls, computer scans of the Playmate's body was used. The proto-type painting schemes and colors for the skin and make-up for each doll was designed by Joe Petro a Los Angeles–based freelance artist.

The clothing for the dolls was usually modelled after the clothing used in the Playmate's pictorial or, in the case of Marilyn Monroe, a timeless classic costume associated with the subject. All dolls included a numbered certificate of their production run. A small number of these certificates were also signed by the artist Joe Petro.

The dolls are designed and manufactured by the Stronghold Group with assistance from Living Toyz and Evil Genius Toys.


title: Meri Aashiqui Tum Se Hi

abstract: Meri Aashiqui Tum Se Hi is an Indian soap opera based on Emily Bronte's British novel Wuthering Heights and produced by Ekta Kapoor of Balaji Telefilms. The series aired from 24 June 2014 to 19 February 2016 on Colors TV and starred Shakti Arora and Radhika Madan.

text:
# Meri Aashiqui Tum Se Hi

***Meri Aashiqui Tum Se Hi*** (transl. Only you are my love) is an Indian soap opera based on Emily Bronte's British novel *Wuthering Heights* and produced by Ekta Kapoor of Balaji Telefilms. The series aired from 24 June 2014 to 19 February 2016 on Colors TV and starred Shakti Arora and Radhika Madan.

## Plot

Ishaani Parekh and Ranveer Vaghela have been childhood friends for twenty years as Ranveer's father Kailash is the driver of Ishaani's step-father Harshad Parekh. As they both grow up together, Ranveer loves Ishaani, but was hesitatant to confess it due to their parents' background difference, and thus remains only her best friend. Later they have a fallout and misunderstandings lead them to separate.

### 2 years later

### 6 months later

Ishaani is saved by Ranveer's friend, lawyer Shikhar Mehra who loves her. Ritika, posing as Ranveer's wife lives in Vaghela house. Ishaani gets shattered due to her mother Falguni's sudden death. As Ranveer learns the past truth he wants Ishaani back, who rejects him and decides to marry Shikhar. Ritika stabs Ishaani after revealing her true self that she killed Falguni. Ishaani recovers as Shikhar rescues her. Finally, Ritika gets exposed and jailed. Ranveer and Ishaani unite, clearing all misunderstandings.

It is revealed that Ranveer had a twin brother Milan whom Kailash gave up for adoption when they were in dire need of money after Ranveer had met with a serious accident during their childhood. Milan hates and vows to snatch everything from Ranveer. His motives are exposed later too as he commits suicide. Ritika is bailed and joins hands with Nirbhay Singh Ahlawat, who blames and wants revenge on Ranveer for his wife's death and sister Naina's paralysis.

Naina falls in love with Ranveer, who proves Nirbhay that he didn't kill his wife Pooja. Nirbhay apologizes to Ishaani and Ranveer. Ritika escapes. Ishaani and Ranveer finally unite.......................

## Cast

### Main

* Shakti Arora as
    + Ranveer Vaghela – Kailash and Amba's son; Milan's twin brother; Ishaani's husband; Ritika's former fiancé
    + Milan Vaghela – Kailash and Amba's son; Ranveer's twin brother
* Radhika Madan as Ishaani Vaghela (née:Joshi/Parekh)– Faalguni and Harshad's daughter; Nitin's biological daughter, Disha's half-sister; Ranveer's wife; Chirag's and Shikhar's former fiancée

### Recurring

* Shahab Khan as Kailash Vaghela – Ranveer and Milan's father
* Utkarsha Naik as Amba Vaghela – Ranveer and Milan's mother
* Arjun Bijlani as Shikhar Mehra – Ishaani's former fiancé and best friend; Ritika and Ranveer's friend
* Smriti Khanna as Ritika Zaveri – Ranveer's former fiancé and Chirag secret girlfriend
* Mohit Abrol as Nirbhay Singh Ahlawat – Ranveer's enemy-turned-friend; Ritika's friend
* Ravjeet Singh as Chirag Mehta – Ishaani ex-fiancé and Ritika's ex-boyfriend and father of Ritika's unborn child
* Gauri Pradhan as Faalguni Parekh – Nitin's ex-wife; Harshad's wife; Ishaani and Disha's mother
* Prithvi Sankhala as Harshad Parekh – Maadhvi's brother; Faalguni's husband; Ishaani's adoptive father; Disha's father
* Hiten Tejwani as Nitin Joshi – Faalguni's ex-husband; Ishaani's father
* Maleeka Ghai as Madhavi Parekh – Harshad's sister; Ishaani and Disha's aunt
* Tisha Kapoor as Disha Parekh Shah – Faalguni and Harshad's daughter; Ishaani's half-sister; Rishi's ex-fiancée; Manas's ex-wife; Krish's mother
* Anas Khan as Manas Shah – Disha's ex-husband; Krish's step-father
* Giriraj Kabra as Rishi Vyas – Disha's ex-fiancé; Krish's father
* Unknown as Krish Shah – Disha and Rishi's son; Manas's stepson
* Hardik Thakkar as Prateek Parekh – Ishaani's cousin
* Lankesh Bhardwaj as Police Inspector
* Deep Jaitely as Uttam
* Sunny Bajaj as Vikram
* Akanksha Juneja as Naina – Nirbhay's sister
* Parul Chauhan as Aarti Singh Ahlawat – Nirbhay and Naina's sister-in-law
* Dolly Sohi as Rajeshwari
* Gaurav Sarode as Shivam
* Gautam Gupta as Sharman Parekh – Ishaani's cousin, Ritika's ex-fiancé, Nimisha's boyfriend
* Aparna Dixit as Gauri – Ishaani's cousin
* Sarita Joshi as Hansa Parekh – Matriarch of the Parekh household
* Anmol Parnami as Devarsh Parekh – Ishaani's cousin; Sharman's brother
* Poonam Pandey as Krisha Parekh – Devarsh's wife; Shikhar's sister
* Nitin Vakharia as Mitesh Parekh –Ishaani and Disha's uncle; Harshad's brother; Sharman and Devarsh's father
* Manisha Kanojia/Roma Navani as Chaitali Parekh – Ishaani and Disha's aunt; Mitesh's wife; Sharman and Devarsh's mother
* Mihir Rajda as Manahar Parekh
* Amita Choksi as Vishaka Parekh
* Unknown as Ketan Mehta, Chirag and Nimisha's father
* Hetal Yadav as Shweta Ketan Mehta, Chirag and Nimisha's mother
* Pallavi Rao as Lakshmi – Amba's sister
* Parveen Kaur as Shikhar's aunt
* Lankesh Bhardwaj as Inspector
* Urmila Nimbalkar / Charu Mehra as Paarul – Lakshmi's daughter; Ranveer's cousin
* Deepak Dutta as Raaj Mehra – Shikhar's father
* Sweetly Walia as Shikhar's aunt
* Deepali Kamath as Kanchan Mehra – Shikhar's mother
* Supriya Shailaja as Nimisha Mehta – Chirag's sister and Sharman's girlfriend
* Mohsin Khan as Roumil – Gauri's abusive husband
* Zaara Khan as Ruchika
* Priyanka Chandel as Shanela – Chirag's girlfriend
* Sanjay Gandhi as Sanjeev Zaveri – Ritika's father
* Abhay Bhargava as Advocate M.F. Purohit
* Priyanka Sidana as Garima
* Sahil Miglani as Bhavesh
* Rose Sardana as Shanaya
* Imran Hasnee as Rawal
* Neel Motwani as Pranav – Gauri's ex-lover
* Amit Tandon as Rajat

### Guest

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Recipient | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2014 | Indian Television Academy Awards | GR8! Performer of the Year - Male | Shakti Arora | Nominated |
| 2015 | Indian Telly Awards | Best On-Screen Couple | Shakti Arora & Radhika Madan | Nominated |
| | | Best Actor in Lead Role (Popular) | Shakti Arora | |
| | | Best Fresh New Face (Female) | Radhika Madan | Won |
| | Kalakar Awards | Rising Star of the Year | Shakti Arora | Won |
| | Indian Television Academy Awards | Youth Icon of the Year | Shakti Arora | Won |
| | Best Fresh New Face (Female) | Radhika Madan | |
| | | Gold Awards | Gold Debut in Lead Role (Female) | Won |
| 2016 | | Indian Television Academy Awards | Youth Icon of the Year (Female) | Won |
| | | Kalakar Awards | Best Actress (Popular) | Won |

## InfoBox

| *Meri Aashiqui Tum Se Hi* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Soap opera |
| Written by | **Dialogues**
Dheeraj Sarna |
| Screenplay by | Ritu Goel |
| Story by | Sonali Jaffar |
| Directed by | Anil V. Kumar
Ranjan Kumar Singh |
| Starring | Shakti Arora
Radhika Madan |
| Theme music composer | Dony Hazarika |
| Opening theme | Tum Hi Ho – Phir Mohabbat |
| Country of origin | India |
| Original language | Hindi |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 446 |
| Production | |
| Producers | Ekta Kapoor
Shobha Kapoor |
| Production locations | Mumbai, Maharashtra, India |
| Cinematography | Ashish Sharma |
| Camera setup | Multi-camera |
| Running time | 21–30 min
Special episodes: 48–50 min |
| Production company | Balaji Telefilms |
| Original release | |
| Network | Colors TV |
| Release | 24 June 2014 (2014-06-24)
19 February 2016 (2016-02-19) |


title: Porte de Saint-Cloud station

abstract: Porte de Saint-Cloud is a station of Line 9 the Paris Métro. The station is named after the Porte de Saint-Cloud, a gate in the nineteenth century Thiers Wall of Paris, which led to the town of Saint-Cloud. It serves the Parc des Princes, a stadium and home of the Paris Saint-Germain F.C.

text:
# Porte de Saint-Cloud station

**Porte de Saint-Cloud** (French pronunciation: \[pɔʁt  sɛ̃ klu\]) is a station of Line 9 the Paris Métro. The station is named after the *Porte de Saint-Cloud*, a gate in the nineteenth century Thiers Wall of Paris, which led to the town of Saint-Cloud. It serves the Parc des Princes, a stadium and home of the Paris Saint-Germain F.C.

## History

The station opened on 28 September 1923 with the extension of the line from Exelmans, serving as its western terminus until its extension to Pont de Sèvres in 1934. A track exists to the west of the station in a tunnel called *Voie Murat* which leads to the ghost station of Porte Molitor, ultimately connecting to the southwest of the Auteuil loop on Line 10. It also leads to the Auteuil workshops.

In 2019, the station was used by 5,174,694 passengers, making it the 77th busiest of the Métro network out of 302 stations.

In 2020, the station was used by 2,576,290 passengers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, making it the 80th busiest of the Métro network out of 305 stations.

In 2021, the station was used by 3,485,946 passengers, making it the 78th busiest of the Métro network out of 305 stations.

## Passenger services

### Access

The station has 6 accesses:

* Access 1: Parc des Princes
* Access 2: avenue Édouard-Vaillant *Boulogne Billancourt*
* Access 3: avenue Georges-Lafont
* Access 4: rue Gudin
* Access 5: avenue de Versailles
* Access 6: boulevard Murat

### Station layout

| **Street Level** | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **B1** | Mezzanine | |
| **Platform level** | Side platform, doors will open on the right | |
| | Westbound | toward Pont de Sèvres (Marcel Sembat) |
| | Eastbound | toward Mairie de Montreuil (Exelmans) |
| | Island platform, doors will open on the left | |
| | Eastbound | toward Mairie de Montreuil (Exelmans) |
| | Island platform, doors will open on the left, right | |
| | Eastbound | toward Mairie de Montreuil (Exelmans) |

### Platforms

The station has a particular arrangement specific to the stations serving or had served as a terminus. It has four tracks divided amongst two island platforms and one side platform. Trains from *Mairie de Montreuil* can only stop on the northernmost track (the side platform) while trains from *Pont de Sèvres* usually stop on the southernmost track, although it occasionally uses the two central tracks either for long-term stabling or to allow short-working trips to turn back trains to *Mairie de Montreuil* for passenger services to allow for a higher frequency along that stretch.

### Other connections

The station is also served by the following bus networks:

## Nearby

* Roland, Gérard (2003). *Stations de métro. D’Abbesses à Wagram.* Éditions Bonneton.

## InfoBox

| Porte de Saint-Cloud
*Parc des Princes*
 | |
| --- | --- |
| Paris Métro station | |
| MF 01 at Porte de Saint-Cloud | |
| General information | |
| Location | 16th arrondissement of Paris
Île-de-France
France |
| Coordinates | 48°50′17″N 2°15′25″E / 48.838082°N 2.256956°E / 48.838082; 2.256956 |
| Owned by | RATP |
| Operated by | RATP |
| Line(s) |  |
| Platforms | 5 (2 island platforms, 1 side platform) |
| Tracks | 4 |
| Construction | |
| Accessible | no |
| Other information | |
| Station code | 0703 |
| Fare zone | 1 |
| History | |
| Opened | 29 September 1923 (1923-09-29) |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| 3,485,946 (2021) | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Paris Métro Following station  Marcel Sembattowards Pont de Sèvres  Line 9  Exelmanstowards Mairie de Montreuil | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Porte de Saint-Cloud
*Parc des Princes*
Location within Paris | |


title: Pizza (album)

abstract: Pizza is the third album by French rocker Alain Bashung, issued in 1981 on Philips Records.

text:
# Pizza (album)

***Pizza*** is the third album by French rocker Alain Bashung, issued in 1981 on Philips Records.

## Production

This album immediately followed Bashung's breakthrough single, "Gaby oh Gaby" (which was added on the CD reissues of the album). Lyricist Boris Bergman wrote part of the lyrics, the other part was made of improvisations by Bashung. The album features a somewhat surreal mood, with abstract lyrics, full of double entendres, plays on words, puns and automatic writing. For instance, when talking about how a girl pisses him off on "Vertige de l'amour" ("Love vertigo"), his second hit single which helped bolster the sales of the album, Bergman wrote "Si ça continue j'vais me découper" ("if it goes on like this I'm gonna cut myself"), the verb "découper" (which means "cut") being used instead of "j'vais me casser" ("casser" both meaning "leave" and "break" in French), to which Bashung improvised "suivant les pointillés" ("along the dotted line").

## Reception

### Commercial performance

*Pizza* hit #1 on the French charts.

### Critical reception

In 2010, the French edition of *Rolling Stone* magazine named this album the 19th greatest French rock album (out of 100). In his book *La discothèque parfaite de l'odyssée du rock*, Gilles Verlant, although he did not include the album in his list of essential albums, qualified the album string of *Roulette russe* / *Pizza* as a "triumph".

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Ça cache quekchose" | Boris Bergman - Alain Bashung | 2:47 |
| 2. | "L'Araignée" | Boris Bergman - Alain Bashung | 2:49 |
| 3. | "J'sors avec ma frangine" | Boris Bergman - Alain Bashung | 2:48 |
| 4. | "Aficionado" | Boris Bergman - Alain Bashung | 2:37 |
| 5. | "Idylle au Caire" | Boris Bergman - Alain Bashung | 2:44 |
| 6. | "Privé" | Boris Bergman - Alain Bashung | 3:07 |
| 7. | "Vertige de l'amour" | Boris Bergman - Alain Bashung | 3:16 |
| 8. | "Rebel" | Boris Bergman - Alain Bashung | 3:56 |
| 9. | "Retours" | Boris Bergman - Alain Bashung | 2:12 |
| 10. | "Reviens va-t-en" | Boris Bergman - Alain Bashung | 3:13 |
| 11. | "Fan" | Boris Bergman - Alain Bashung | 4:19 |

### Bonus Tracks (CD reissue)

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 12. | "Elle s'fait rougir toute seule" | Boris Bergman - Alain Bashung | 3:08 |
| 13. | "Gaby oh Gaby" | Boris Bergman - Alain Bashung | 3:58 |

## Personnel

* Alain Bashung - vocals
* Olivier Guindon, Richard Brunton - guitar
* François Delage - bass
* Tommy Eyre \- keyboards
* Philippe Draï - drums
* Liam Genockey \- percussion
* Mel Collins \- saxophone

## Singles

* 1981 : *Vertige de l'amour* / *Ça cache quekchose* (France : 1)
* 1981 : *Rebel* / *Reviens va-t-en* (France : 19)

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| France (SNEP) | Gold | 100,000* |
| * Sales figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| Pizza | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Alain Bashung | |
| Released | 1981 |
| Studio | Rockfield Studios, Monmouth |
| Genre | French rock, new wave |
| Label | Philips, Barclay, Universal Music Group |
| Producer | Alain Bashung, Ken Burgess |
| Alain Bashung chronology | |
| *Roulette russe*
(1979) ***Pizza***
(1981) *Play blessures*
(1982) | |
|  | |
| Alternative cover | |
|  | |
| Cover of CD reissue | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Martina Rosenberger

abstract: Martina Rosenberger is a researcher living near Munich, Germany. She is a specialist in the waldzither, a German form of the cittern, and has been instrumental in the recent revival of this instrument. She has published on the instrument and organizes regular conferences which attract specialists from all over Europe.

text:
# Martina Rosenberger

**Martina Rosenberger** is a researcher living near Munich, Germany. She is a specialist in the waldzither, a German form of the cittern, and has been instrumental in the recent revival of this instrument. She has published on the instrument and organizes regular conferences which attract specialists from all over Europe.

## Biography

She began learning the basics of the waldzither from her father in 1983 who, after he died the following year, left her his waldzither. In 2000 she embarked on a long-running research project on the waldzither, including information about music, teaching materials, teachers, and makers. In 2001 she was invited to the international cittern conference held in Michaelstein.

In 2002 she began looking for contemporaries of her father (who began learning the waldzither in the 1930s), conducting interviews about playing techniques and history. She published her first book, *Das Waldzither Puzzle Teil I: Die dreissiger Jahre im Ruhrgebiet und Westfalen*, in 2003. This book documents the origins and historical circumstances of the German Waldzither in the 1930s in Middle-West-Germany. She interviewed her father's contemporaries about their personal relationship to the waldzither, which was the musical basis for an entire generation. That year she also began to plan and to organize the first German Waldzither Conference, in cooperation with the Arms Museum in Suhl, Thuringia, Germany. She eventually organized three such conferences, attracting cittern specialists and amateurs from all over Europe.

She made her debut as a songwriter in 2004, the year in which she also began doing research into the C. H. Böhm company of Hamburg. She accepted a personal invitation from Portuguese guitar virtuoso Pedro Caldeira Cabral to attend a cittern meeting in Dresden in 2005, when she also began the planning and organization for the 2nd German Waldzither conference. She published her second book, on the Waldzither in Hamburg. The conclusion reveals a new connection between Portuguese instruments, founded with the special historical background of the city of Hamburg by the clever merchant and luthier C. H. Böhm. She presented further information on this connection at the *Encontros Internationais de Guitarra Portuguesa*, the International Cittern Conference, at the University of Coimbra, in 2007. The 3rd German Waldzither conference was held the same year, including lessons by the cittern specialist Gregory Doc Rossi. In 2009 the tradition of the conferences in Suhl was continued by Kerstin Mucha, a teacher from the local music school, who meanwhile specializes in teaching the Waldzither. Rosenberger was invited as a special guest, honoured for her commitment to the instrument's revival .

## Publications

* *Das Waldzither Puzzle Teil I: Die dreissiger Jahre im Ruhrgebiet und Westfalen*. Self-published, 2003.
* *Das Waldzither Puzzle Teil II: Die Waldzither in Hamburg*. Self-published, 2005.


title: ZFP92

abstract: ZFP92 zinc finger protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZFP92 gene.

text:
# ZFP92

**ZFP92 zinc finger protein** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZFP92 gene.

## Further reading

* Mallon AM, Platzer M, Bate R, Gloeckner G, Botcherby MR, Nordsiek G, Strivens MA, Kioschis P, Dangel A, Cunningham D, Straw RN, Weston P, Gilbert M, Fernando S, Goodall K, Hunter G, Greystrong JS, Clarke D, Kimberley C, Goerdes M, Blechschmidt K, Rump A, Hinzmann B, Mundy CR, Miller W, Poustka A, Herman GE, Rhodes M, Denny P, Rosenthal A, Brown SD (June 2000). "Comparative genome sequence analysis of the Bpa/Str region in mouse and Man". *Genome Research*. **10** (6): 758–75. doi:10.1101/gr.10.6.758. PMC 310879. PMID 10854409.
* Esposito T, Ciccodicola A, Flagiello L, Matarazzo MR, Migliaccio C, Cifarelli RA, Visone R, Campanile C, Mazzarella R, Schlessinger D, D'Urso M, D'Esposito M (March 1997). "Expressed STSs and transcription of human Xq28". *Gene*. **187** (2): 185–91. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(96)00772-X. PMID 9099879.

## InfoBox

| ZFP92 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | ZFP92, ZNF897, ZFP92 zinc finger protein | | |
| External IDs | MGI: 108094; HomoloGene: 69050; GeneCards: ZFP92; OMA:ZFP92 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001136273   NM\_009566
NM\_001310531   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001129745   NP\_001297460
NP\_033592   Location (UCSC) Chr X: 153.42 – 153.43 Mb Chr X: 72.45 – 72.47 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Ornithoica

abstract: Ornithoica are a genus of biting flies in the family of louse flies, Hippoboscidae. There are 23 known species. All species are parasites of birds.

text:
# Ornithoica

***Ornithoica*** are a genus of biting flies in the family of louse flies, Hippoboscidae. There are 23 known species. All species are parasites of birds.

## Distribution

*Ornithoica* are found worldwide with the exception of Antarctica, however the largest number of species are found in South East Asia.

## Systematics

## InfoBox

| *Ornithoica* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Hippoboscidae |
| Subfamily: | Ornithomyinae |
| Genus: | ***Ornithoica***<br>Rondani, 1878 |
|


title: Nehemiah D. Sperry

abstract: Nehemiah Day Sperry was an American educator and businessman who served as a U.S. Representative from Connecticut for eight consecutive terms from 1895 to 1911.

text:
# Nehemiah D. Sperry

**Nehemiah Day Sperry** (July 10, 1827 – November 13, 1911) was an American educator and businessman who served as a U.S. Representative from Connecticut for eight consecutive terms from 1895 to 1911.

## Biography

Born in Woodbridge, Connecticut, Sperry was the third of six children of Enoch Sperry and Mary Atlanta (nee Sperry) Sperry. His eldest sibling Lucien Wells Sperry served as the 23rd mayor of New Haven, CT from 1866 to 1869. Nehemiah attended the common schools and a private school in New Haven. He engaged in agricultural pursuits and worked in a mill. He taught school for several years, and then became a partner in a building and contracting firm Smith & Sperry, among the top builders in New Haven after the Civil War.

## Political career

He served as a member of the New Haven common council in 1853, and an Alderman in 1854. He served as Secretary of the State of Connecticut in 1855 and 1856.

Sperry served as delegate to the Republican National Conventions in 1856, 1864, and 1888. He served as member and secretary of the national and executive committees. He served as chairman of the Republican State committee for a number of years. He served as chairman of the recruiting committee of New Haven during the Civil War. He was appointed by President Lincoln in 1861 as postmaster of New Haven, and served until removed by President Cleveland in 1886. He was again postmaster from 1890 to 1894.

### Congress

Sperry was elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fourth and to the seven succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1911). He served as chairman of the Committee on Alcohol Liquor Traffic (Fifty-sixth through Sixty-first Congresses). He is considered the originator of the Rural Free Delivery system of the U. S. Mail, with the Rural Delivery Act which he introduced in 1895. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1910. His home, built in 1857 at 466 Orange Street in New Haven is listed among the Historic Buildings of Connecticut. Sperry's reference in the 1903 Congressional Directory notes that he

> was appointed a member of the commission to visit England, Germany, and France too look into their system of post-offices, but declined service; was nominated for Congress in 1886, but declined the same; was president of the Chamber of Commerce of New Haven; was bondsman for building the *Monitor*...

## Death and burial

He died in New Haven, Connecticut, on November 13, 1911. He was interred in Evergreen Cemetery.

This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

## InfoBox

| Nehemiah Day Sperry | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Connecticut's 2nd district | |
| **In office**
March 4, 1895  March 3, 1911 | |
| Preceded by | James P. Pigott |
| Succeeded by | Thomas L. Reilly |
| Secretary of the State of Connecticut | |
| **In office**
1855–1857 | |
| Preceded by | Oliver H. Perry |
| Succeeded by | Orville H. Platt |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1827-07-10)July 10, 1827
Woodbridge, Connecticut, U.S. |
| Died | November 13, 1911(1911-11-13) (aged 84)
New Haven, Connecticut, U.S. |
| Resting place | Evergreen Cemetery |
| Political party | Republican |
|  | |


title: Point Barrow Long Range Radar Site

abstract: Point Barrow Long Range Radar Site is a United States Air Force radar site and military airstrip located 5 miles (8.0 km) southwest of Point Barrow, Alaska. It is not open for public use.

text:
# Point Barrow Long Range Radar Site

**Point Barrow Long Range Radar Site** (LRR Site: A-17) is a United States Air Force radar site and military airstrip located 5 miles (8.0 km) southwest of Point Barrow, Alaska. It is not open for public use.

## History

The United States military has maintained a presence at Utqiaġvik, Alaska's northernmost point, since World War II when the United States Army established a crude radar site at Point Barrow, although the chance of any Japanese attack to the area was remote. The U.S. Navy had taken over the existing civil airport and used its gravel runway to facilitate logistical support for naval assets in the Bering Straits and in and along the North Slope.

With the announcement of the Distant Early Warning Line (DEW) in 1954, Point Barrow was designed as a main site, and a military airstrip, separate from the civil airport was constructed in 1955; being used for transport aircraft and passengers to build the DEW Line stations along the northern Alaskan coast.

The Point Barrow station controlled seven staffed stations, three of them being classified as "auxiliary" sites and four as "intermediate" stations. The auxiliary stations were similar to the main site at Point Barrow; the intermediate sites had less personnel at them. The stations were made up of an AN/FPS-19 search radar, a high power L-Band radar consisting of two identical radar sets feeding a dual (back to back) antenna with a range of about 160 nautical miles. The sites had one 25-man module building for personnel who supported the radar, and an airstrip, although the length and capacity varied greatly, making frequent risky landings necessary at some sites.

Each of the sites were staffed by civilian contract workers who had signed 18-month contracts, although they were visited by Air Force military personnel frequently.

| DEW ID | Site Name | Location | Activated | Inactivated | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| POW-MAIN
POW-M | Point Barrow | 71°19′39″N 156°38′08″W / 71.32750°N 156.63556°W / 71.32750; -156.63556 (Point Barrow DEW POW-MAIN) | 1957 | Active | DEW Main site operations ended 1990; Became part of the North Warning System (NWS) with AN/FPS-117 LRR |
| POW-1 | Port Lonely SRRS | 70°54′37″N 153°14′23″W / 70.91028°N 153.23972°W / 70.91028; -153.23972 (Port Lonely DEW POW-1) | 1957 | Active | DEW Auxiliary site operations ended 1990; Became part of the North Warning System (NWS) with AN/FPS-124 SRR |
| POW-2 | Olikotk Point LRRS | 70°29′54″N 149°53′22″W / 70.49833°N 149.88944°W / 70.49833; -149.88944 (Olikotk Point DEW POW-2) | 1957 | Active | DEW Auxiliary site operations ended 1990; Became part of the North Warning System (NWS) with AN/FPS-117 LRR |
| POW-3 | Flaxman Island
Bullen Point SRRS | 70°10′35″N 146°51′21″W / 70.17639°N 146.85583°W / 70.17639; -146.85583 (Flaxman Island DEW POW-3) | 1957 | 2007 | DEW Auxiliary site operations ended 1995; Became part of the North Warning System (NWS) with AN/FPS-124 SRR; Closed 2007 due to soil erosion and budget concerns |
| POW-A | Cape Simpson | 71°03′26″N 154°43′56″W / 71.05722°N 154.73222°W / 71.05722; -154.73222 (Cape Simpson DEW POW-A) | 1957 | 1963 | DEW Intermediate site operations ended 1963; currently in use a civilian storage area. |
| POW-B | Kogru | 70°34′31″N 152°16′00″W / 70.57528°N 152.26667°W / 70.57528; -152.26667 (Kogru DEW POW-B) | 1957 | 1963 | DEW Intermediate site operations ended 1963; remediated about 2000 by USAF, gravel runway and graded site remains. |
| POW-C | Point McIntyre | 70°24′10″N 148°40′47″W / 70.40278°N 148.67972°W / 70.40278; -148.67972 (Point McIntyre DEW POW-C) | 1957 | 1963 | DEW Intermediate site operations ended 1963; currently in abandoned state, old buildings and equipment remains |
| POW-D | Brownlow Point | 69°58′27″N 144°50′15″W / 69.97417°N 144.83750°W / 69.97417; -144.83750 (Brownlow Point DEW POW-D) | 1957 | 1963 | DEW intermediate site operations ended 1963; remediated about 2000 by USAF, gravel runway and graded site remains. |
|
|

With the signing of the North American Air Defence Modernization agreement at the "Shamrock Summit" between Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and U.S. President Ronald Reagan in Quebec City on 18 March 1985, the DEW Line began its eventual upgrading and transition, becoming the North Warning System (NWS) of today. The intermediate sites were closed in 1963 due to advances in radar technology. Operational NWS sites have retained their former DEW Line designations. The BAR sites are under the jurisdiction of the Alaska NORAD Region ROCC at Elmendorf AFB.

In 1998, Pacific Air Forces initiated "Operation Clean Sweep," in which abandoned Cold War stations in Alaska were remediated and the land restored to its previous state. The site remediation of the radar and support station was carried out by the 611th Civil Engineering Squadron at Elmendorf Air Force Base, and remediation work was completed by 2005.

The airport remains open to support Air Force operations around Point Barrow and to support contractor access to the military radar site.

This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

## InfoBox

| Point Barrow Long Range Radar Site
 | |
| --- | --- |
| Point Barrow station in 2008 | |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Military |
| Coordinates | 71°19′38″N 156°38′10″W / 71.32722°N 156.63611°W / 71.32722; -156.63611 (Point Barrow LRRS A-17) |
| Map | |
| Location of Point Barrow Long Range Radar Site | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  ft m  04/24 4,860 1,472 Gravel | |


title: Please Understand Me

abstract: Please Understand Me: Character and Temperament Types is a psychology book written by David Keirsey and Marilyn Bates which focuses on the classification and categorization of personality types. The book contains a self-assessed personality questionnaire, known as the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, which links human behavioral patterns to four temperament types and sixteen character types. Once the reader's personality type has been ascertained, there are detailed profiles which describe the characteristics of that type. Based upon the notion that people's values differ fundamentally from one another, Keirsey drew upon the views of several psychologists or psychiatrists: Ernst Kretschmer, Erich Adickes, Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, and Isabel Myers who are all mentioned as predecessors in the psychology of temperament or personality. Of these methods, preference is given to the Myers–Briggs test when determining personality type.

text:
# Please Understand Me

***Please Understand Me: Character and Temperament Types*** (first published in 1978 as ***Please Understand Me: An Essay on Temperament Styles***) is a psychology book written by David Keirsey and Marilyn Bates which focuses on the classification and categorization of personality types. The book contains a self-assessed personality questionnaire, known as the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, which links human behavioral patterns to four temperament types and sixteen character types. Once the reader's personality type has been ascertained, there are detailed profiles which describe the characteristics of that type.

Based upon the notion that people's values differ fundamentally from one another, Keirsey drew upon the views of several psychologists or psychiatrists: Ernst Kretschmer, Erich Adickes, Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, and Isabel Myers who are all mentioned as predecessors in the psychology of temperament or personality. Of these methods, preference is given to the Myers–Briggs test when determining personality type.

## Sixteen personality types

Keirsey and Bates offer a personality inventory to help readers identify their type. They are taken from the Myers–Briggs Personality Inventory. The sets of indicated preferences create sixteen types:

* E or I (**E**xtraversion vs. **I**ntroversion)
* N or S (I**N**tuition vs. **S**ensation)
* T or F (**T**hinking vs. **F**eeling)
* J or P (**J**udging vs. **P**erceiving)

An appendix offers a concise profile description for each of the sixteen types.

## Four temperament types

Then Keirsey simplifies these sixteen types into four groups, whose archetypes he equates with the classical four temperaments: SP (Artisan), SJ (Guardian), NT (Rational), and NF (Idealist).

Keirsey organizes the groups asymmetrically, asserting Thinking vs. Feeling as the most salient distinction among intuitives, but Judging vs. Perceiving as the most salient distinction among Sensers. His methodology emphasizes the four temperaments, as he defines them, to generalize about different aptitudes and needs.

*Please Understand Me II* (1998) is a sequel, whose methodology generalizes more so according to these four categories.

**Bibliography**

## InfoBox

Please Understand Me
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | David Keirsey and Marilyn Bates |
| Language | English |
| Subject | Temperament, psychology, personality |
| Publisher | Prometheus Nemesis Books |
| Publication date | 1978 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Paperback |
| Pages | 210 |
| ISBN | 978-0-935-65202-4 |
| OCLC | 11585453 |
| Followed by | *Please Understand Me II: Temperament, Character, Intelligence* |


title: Meslay, Loir-et-Cher

abstract: Meslay is a commune in the Loir-et-Cher department of central France.

text:
# Meslay, Loir-et-Cher

**Meslay** (French pronunciation: \[mɛlɛ\] ) is a commune in the Loir-et-Cher department of central France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 233 |  |
| 1975 | 225 | −0.50% |
| 1982 | 344 | +6.25% |
| 1990 | 329 | −0.56% |
| 1999 | 294 | −1.24% |
| 2007 | 300 | +0.25% |
| 2012 | 304 | +0.27% |
| 2017 | 312 | +0.52% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Meslay | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Chateau | |
|  | |
| Location of Meslay | |
| MeslayMeslay | |
| Coordinates: 47°48′44″N 1°06′00″E / 47.8122°N 1.1°E / 47.8122; 1.1 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Centre-Val de Loire |
| Department | Loir-et-Cher |
| Arrondissement | Vendôme |
| Canton | Vendôme |
| Intercommunality | CA Territoires Vendômois |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Jacky Foussard |
| Area**1** | 7.18 km2 (2.77 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 307 |
| Density | 43/km2 (110/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 41138 /41100 |
| Elevation | 77–130 m (253–427 ft)
(avg. 83 m or 272 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |