title: Mr. Horn

abstract: Mr. Horn is a 1979 American Western miniseries based on Tom Horn's writings, starring David Carradine. It was directed by Jack Starrett from a screenplay by William Goldman. This version came out just prior to the 1980 feature film Tom Horn, which starred Steve McQueen.

text:
# Mr. Horn

***Mr. Horn*** is a 1979 American Western miniseries based on Tom Horn's writings, starring David Carradine. It was directed by Jack Starrett from a screenplay by William Goldman. This version came out just prior to the 1980 feature film *Tom Horn*, which starred Steve McQueen.

## Plot

**First Part.**
Arizona, 1885. Al Sieber arrives at a cowboy camp asking for Tom Horn, finds the scruffy young man trick roping, and hires him to be his assistant. While they travel, drinking, chatting and singing, Sieber insists on calling Tom "Mr. Horn," and they become friends. Next day, they wake up to find themselves surrounded by Apache. A young brave gives a message, which the "Talking Boy" Horn interprets: Geronimo warns "Man of Iron" Sieber to not chase him, or he will have to kill the scout. Sieber answers it is his job to do it.

Later, they meet a Cavalry patrol commanded by Lieutenant Lawton, which is en route to engage Geronimo, guided by two Apache whom Sieber recognizes as the chief's closest friends. Sieber tells the inexperienced Horn to stay with Mr. Mickey Free, a crazy-looking Apache scout, and to do the same that he does. Soon, as Sieber expected, the platoon falls into a trap. Instead of doing as ordered, Horn chases the Apache guides up to a hill, clubs them with his rifle, takes a vantage point, and shoots several braves, forcing them to retreat. Sieber praises Horn's initiative, but tells him he knows about his bad reputation. Tom confesses he doesn't know why people don't like him.

At Fort Bowie, General Crook praises Horn's actions and requests Sieber to bring him Geronimo, to which Sieber replies he can't do it, as Geronimo will surrender only when he wants to; Crook informs them he is about to be replaced by General Miles, what Siebert laments. Later in the night, while they are drinking, Sieber tells stories about their soon-to-return commanding officer, his old friend Captain Emmet Crawford, expecting him to be a colonel already.

The following day, Sieber introduces Horn to Crawford and talks jokingly about the captain's ample experience. Crawford leaves in a huff. Later, Crawford explains that a time ago he had an argument with a general, before witnesses, and made the mistake of being right, so he has been passed over for promotion ever since.

They enter Sonora, Mexico. Sieber proposes the scouts' trio go to the mountains while the troopers continue to the south. After a long search, they find an Apache camp in which there are only old men, women, and children: Sieber orders Free to burn it, which he does gladly. While the Apache people watch impotent, a saddened Sieber explains to a bemused Horn the enmities between Apache tribes, and that his job is to punish Geronimo into surrendering. Horn asks why the chief has to surrender, as that land is his own country. Sieber has no answer, and tells Horn to say to the Apache group that he is sorry.

Later, the troopers and the scouts are resting and eating together with the Apache prisoners; Lawton reproaches Horn for his respectful treatment of the Indians. They don't notice they are surrounded by Mexican soldiers until these ones start shooting. Crawford goes in full view identifying himself as an American officer, followed by Horn, who interprets his words into Spanish. Once they explain they are chasing Geronimo, the Mexicans excuse themselves for their mistake, but nobody lowers their guns. An American cocks his rifle, a Mexican shoots, Crawford is hit, and a battle ensues, including Mexican cannons. Horn is wounded too, yet he braves the fire to rescue the captain, who after two shots is still alive; he later dies. Sieber attempts to go around a hill to shoot the Mexican artillerymen from behind but is captured. A cease-fire follows, in which the Mexicans propose to exchange all the American mules for Sieber. Led by Horn, the Americans capture the six Mexicans who had gone for the animals, and he proposes to exchange them (plus some mules) for Sieber. The Mexicans accept it and retreat.

Back at Fort Bowie, Gen. Miles arrives. He demonstrates the heliograph he brought, trusting the modern device will be the key to capturing Geronimo; therefore, he fires all the civilian scouts. Sieber proposes Horn prospect mines and get rich, which means they dig a huge hole under the scorching sun, while drinking and chatting. Sieber boasts he discovered a very productive copper mine; Horn rapidly realizes he sold it cheap and didn't get any wealth from it.

They see Lt. Lawton coming, and believe they are being called back to scouting, but the officer is only escorting Miss Ernestina Crawford, sister to the late Capt. Crawford. She thanks Sieber for having been her brother's friend, and asks how he died. Horn lies saying it was just one painless gunshot.

Meanwhile, the Apache have figured out how the heliographs work, mimic them with mirrors, and start to counterattack. After a particularly deadly ambush, Gen. Miles sends the now Captain Lawton to a brothel to bring the scouts back, and orders them to get Geronimo.

Tom gets interested in Ernestina, and practices trick roping for her to see. Later, he visits her. Ernestina thanks Tom for helping her brother despite having barely known him. They end up in bed together. She confesses she is going to marry a dull civilian contractor because she has seen enough sudden death with her military father and brother, and all she wants is a man who outlives her. Then, they make love.

The Cavalry troop and its civilian scouts depart Fort Bowie. After a long time, they catch Geronimo's trail, which splits in two. Sieber leaves to Horn to decide which one to follow, Horn goes for the third direction. That night an Apache attack directed at Sieber happens; Horn saves his life, but the old scout gets wounded. The next day is clear he is unable to continue, so he puts Horn in charge, advises him to kill himself if he gets captured by the Apache, and goes back to the fort, helped by Mr. Free.

A long and exhausting persecution ensues; the Cavalry doesn't rest unless Geronimo does, and the Apache chief doesn't rest either. Both Apache braves and cavalrymen die from exhaustion and skirmishes; they lose track of time to the point they don't know what month it is, and still cannot capture Geronimo. Horn ventures alone into the hills, until some Apache find him; he takes off his guns. The Apache take Horn to see their leader.

**Second Part.**
In their conversation, Geronimo tells Horn he wasn't originally a warrior, but instead he led a life of quiet. Then the whites came and killed his entire family. Geronimo argues the injustice of the Apache being persecuted and murdered by the whites, how can Horn ask him to surrender to such people? Horn says it isn't a matter of justice: the whites have five thousand warriors whereas Geronimo only has eleven men left. Horn tells Geronimo he can still live in peace, and stay in his Arizona reservation; he gives his word on it to the Apache chief.

At Fort Bowie, there is a public ceremony in which Capt. Lawton congratulates Gen. Miles for capturing Geronimo, not even mentioning Horn's labor. Sieber, who is on crutches, is indignant, but Horn is indifferent until Gen. Miles declares that all the Apache will be sent to Florida. While Sieber protests that sending desert people to swamp land means killing them, Horn runs toward the cage wagon in which a despondent Geronimo and other Apache are being hauled but he is overcome and knocked out by troopers. Sieber stares desolately as the wagon goes away, carrying a wailing Mickey Free in it.

That night, Sieber visits Horn in jail, bringing him alcohol and the news that he'll be freed soon. Sieber proposes they work together in mining, with an equal share. Horn refuses, shouting that nothing is fair, that Sieber will get used by someone and have his mine taken away, and that he himself is done with being used. He drinks the whole bottle, and before a worried Sieber he trashes the cell in fury and despair. Later, Horn leaves the fort, alone.

Cheyenne, Wyoming, 1901. A well-dressed, mustachioed Tom Horn arrives at a boarding house seeking a room; the landlady is Ernestina, who he doesn't recognize. After she tells him she is a widow now and reminds him of the relationship they once had, he apologizes, and the old flame rekindles. They have a short conversation, as he has an appointment at the Cheyenne Club. While Horn is out, Sheriff Ed Smalley visits Ernestina and asks her about Horn's intentions, fearing what a man of such a reputation as Horn's has been called to do regarding the cattle rustling situation.

At the Club, Mr. John Noble offers Horn a large cup of brandy and introduces his wealthy and important companions. Horn understands they want a bounty hunter, Noble denies it: they want a detective. The cattlemen are aware of his career, and also that he is a drunkard, so they aren't certain whether he can handle their needs. Horn makes an on-the-spot demonstration of his marksmanship, boasting he cleaned North Colorado from rustlers. After more shooting, he leaves. Pleased, Noble says to the clubmen they found the right man.

Horn arrives at a saloon, where some men recognize and provoke him. Horn threatens to kill them all, and the men back down and leave. A man who is drinking at a table calls Horn: is the ex-Gen. Crook. He praises Horn's ascension, whereas he himself is now an itinerant lecturer who tells children about the Indian Wars, remarking that the incompetent Miles and Lawton became a politician and a general respectively. That night, a very drunk Tom boasts to Ernestina he defied four men to a duel when he had no bullets left in his gun, certain they wouldn't dare to face him.

By day, Horn visits the ranch of the same four men from the saloon, sees their cattle has other people's brands and tells them they are going to be trialed as rustlers. But, later at the court, the judge dismisses the case for "insufficient evidence." The rustlers leave laughing at a frustrated Horn. Back at the Club, Noble admits the cattlemen do want a bounty hunter, but as he is a lawyer, if ever Horn tells something about their deal he'll absolutely deny it. They agree on a payment of $700 for each rustler killed, and Horn gives his word he won't tell anything. Later, he starts a series of small nocturnal attacks on rustlers to frighten them so they leave, which are mostly unsuccessful.

At home, Ernestina asks Tom whether it is true he has killed a hundred men. He replies that "the more people think he has done, the less he has to do." After revealing to her a traumatic event of his past, Horn departs for a nocturnal incursion, in which he kills several rustlers, leaving their bodies lined in full view, with rocks under their heads. Some time later, while Tom is strolling in the city with Ernestina and her young daughter Mandy, Marshall Joe Lefors approaches them, and after exchanging some pleasantries invites his old friend Tom to a drinking contest, later that day.

At their homestead, the Nickells are working when in broad daylight shots are fired at them; when fire ceases, they find their young son Willie shot and dead on the ground, with a rock under his head.

At the saloon, Horn and Lefors drink, laugh, chat about how many people Horn has killed. Lefors invites the very drunk Horn to his place, where he has better liquor. Later, Smalley arrives at Horn's room to wake up and arrest him. Noble visits Horn in the jail; Horn makes it clear he won't tell on him. Relieved, Noble offers him his legal counsel.

The trial starts, before a large audience. The harrowing testimonies of the Nickells start turning the public and jury against Horn. Back at the jail, Smalley allows Ernestina to visit him; she warns Tom he is being railroaded, as the rustlers hate him and the cattlemen fear him telling people about who hired him. Tom doesn't believe it, so he kisses and caresses her, much to Smalley's chagrin.

The trial continues with the testimony of Deputy Snow, a stenographer who says he took accurate notes of the conversation Horn and Lefors had in the latter's room. When a nervous Lefors reads to the court Horn's alleged words of him charging $100 for each killing as average, putting a rock under the boy's head as his sign to collect the money, and shooting the boy from 300 yards of distance, making that his "best shot and dirtiest trick," the audience erupts in indignation. Not even the heartfelt but rambling testimony of an aging Sieber, called as a character witness, is enough to change the people's opinion.

Horn testifies. Not naming his employers, he acknowledges he did say that the rocks were a sign, but there was no reason for him to ambush and kill a baby. Then, Tom looks around at the people and says: "I don't know what else to tell you. I didn't do it. I didn't do it. I didn't."

Later, from his cell's window, Horn watches the "Julian Gallows" being tested; Smalley apologetically informs him he has 16 hours left to live. When a deputy brings him food, Horn gets his gun and escapes; Smalley pursues him. Finally, the lawman follows the fugitive into a stable, where Horn easily disarms him. He is about to run away, but the sheriff warns him: from now on he'll be forced to kill innocent men, starting with himself, following with the innocent men outside, and keep running forever, because in the end there are millions of them, but only one of him. Tom screams in despair, but then he calms down, leaves the guns, and after a failed attempt at trick roping, goes back to his cell. That night, Sieber visits him, and they spend the time drinking and chatting, almost as how they did in the old times.

Horn presents himself to his execution in the prison's yard wearing his best clothes. He gives Smalley the rope he had been braiding, asks Sieber to sing their favorite song "Life's Railway to Heaven" and climbs the gallows' steps firmly. At home, Ernestina and her daughter are singing the same hymn, and at the Club, the cattlemen drink and talk business. When Tom is tied up, he requests to be turned around to face the numerous attendance of newspapermen, sheriffs, marshalls, doctors, politicians, the judge and the prosecutor. Then Tom Horn waits calmly, looking defiantly at the "bastards" until the hydraulic contraption finally opens the trap.

## Cast

## Production

William Goldman had come across the story of Tom Horn while researching that of Butch Cassidy and became fascinated with him, calling Horn "the most talented man who ever lived" in the Wild West, deciding to write a screenplay about him. In 1974 it was announced Goldman, Robert Redford and Sydney Pollack had formed a company, the Horn Company, to make the movie. " Like *Jeremiah \[Johnson\]*, the script is very mythic", said Pollack. Goldman was reportedly paid $500,000 for his work.

In 1977 Mike Medavoy at United Artists announced he had bought William Goldman's script to star Redford. Pollack was still attached and he got David Rayfiel to rewrite the script. Around this time it was announced that Steve McQueen had been developing his own Tom Horn movie.

Walter Coblenz was assigned to produce. "He is a hero of Western lore", said the producer. "Our picture will be very much about the man, his life and times. This is a distinct personality, the last of a breed, a man who was there in the last days of the real west. When he died, a good part of that life also died forever."

However Redford then dropped out of the project. The script was acquired by Lorimar Productions to be made for CBS. Robert Jacks, who produced, later said:

> What we had was a very expensive William Goldman script. If it was done as a movie it would take $12 million and 95 days of shooting. We did it for a third of that and on a 50 day schedule. It was a long script, and we had to cut 50 minutes out of the first part ... It's really better suited for television ... I feel David Carradine was born to play Tom Horn. The similarity between their characters is incredible.

According to Goldman, the writer left the project by the time it went to Lorimar. He added:

> Somebody timed it, which I had never done, and it came out to be three hours and twenty minutes — which is why I think someone said, "Wait a minute — that's a four-hour television movie." At one time a director was sent in to work with me, but then he got another job, and I never talked with the guy who eventually directed it.

### Shooting

Filming took place on location in Mexico, starting July 1978, near Mexicali and Tecate.

## Reception

The *Los Angeles Times* called Goldman's script "spare and witty and wonderful" and the movie "marvelous". The *New York Times* called it a "neat, extremely absorbing flick."

William Goldman later admitted he never saw the miniseries. "Couldn't bring myself to...this was one of my bad experiences."

Goldman's script was adapted into a novel by Donald R. Bensen and published as *William Goldman's Mr. Horn* in two editions:

* New York, Dell Publishing, 1978, ISBN 9780440151944
* London, Coronet Books, 1979, ISBN 0 340 24652 9

## Historical accuracy

The script takes many liberties in relation to documented history, mainly by aggrandizing Horn's acting in the events, and by eliminating some people who greatly participated in them, like Lt. Maus in the battle that led to Capt. Crawford's death, Lt. Gatewood in Geronimo's surrender (1886), or like Jim McCloud, the inmate who started Horn's failed attempt at escape from prison. Other characters misrepresent the historical ones: Gen. Miles and Lt. Lawton appear as utterly incompetent, whereas their historical actions show otherwise. Even if the Cavalry's Apache scouts were indeed sent to Florida after Geronimo's surrender, Mickey Free (who was of Mexican ethnicity) was not; as for Al Sieber, he was a much younger German immigrant who did mentor Tom Horn, but remained as Chief of Scouts after 1886 and wasn't present at his trial and execution.

Even if most of the secondary characters match the historical ones, the slippery Mr. John Noble stands in the place of the historical John C. Coble, who not only defended Horn in the trial with a team of lawyers, but housed him and became his friend, made a final appeal for his life to Governor Chatterton, was his last visitor and even paid for his funeral. Karen Black's character of Ernestina Crawford is fictitious, and replaces Horn's alleged girlfriend, the teacher Glendolene Kimmell. Gen. Crook's last appearance in the miniseries happens after the point he historically died.

However, there is an effort to portray the times accurately in terms of mise-en-scène, like in costume, noting the existence of the Cheyenne Club, that at the time there were cars already, and also showing the ethical dilemmas faced by the characters in relation to the Apache Wars. David Carradine's characterization closely matches the historical Tom Horn both physically, in his cowboy skills like braiding ropes, as much in his drinking binges. Several of the character's lines are taken from Horn's autobiography (which is itself of controversial accuracy) with different degrees of exactitude; for example, the reasons he uses to convince Geronimo to surrender were said by Al Sieber on a previous occasion, and his last words were not the historical ones but appear in a letter Horn wrote to John C. Coble three days before his execution. Even if the script presents him as certainly innocent of the Nickell boy's murder (which is a matter of debate), it leaves clear the historical fact that Tom Horn had been hired as a killer and was both effective and a braggart in regards to that.

## InfoBox

| *Mr. Horn* | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Genre | Western |
| Written by | William Goldman |
| Directed by | Jack Starrett |
| Starring | David Carradine
Richard Widmark
Karen Black |
| Music by | Jerry Fielding |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Lee Rich |
| Producers | Robert L. Jacks
Elliott Kastner |
| Production locations | Mexicali, Baja California Norte, Mexico |
| Cinematography | Jorge Stahl Jr. |
| Editor | Michael McCroskey |
| Running time | 180 minutes |
| Production company | Lorimar Productions |
| Original release | |
| Network | CBS |
| Release | February 1 (1979-02-01)
February 3, 1979 (1979-02-03) |


title: Mr. House Husband

abstract: Mr. House Husband is a South Korean television entertainment program, where six men who do housekeeping and parenting are observed by their fellow cast members. For season 2, the format changed and the cast members' recordings were observed and narrated by two hosts.

text:
# Mr. House Husband

***Mr. House Husband*** (Korean: 살림하는 남자들) is a South Korean television entertainment program, where six men who do housekeeping and parenting are observed by their fellow cast members. For season 2, the format changed and the cast members' recordings were observed and narrated by two hosts.

## Broadcasting period

| Season | No. of episodes | Broadcasting period | Airtime | Duration |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 14 | 8 November 2016 – 7 February 2017 | Tuesday at 11:10 pm – 12:35 am | 85 minutes |
| 2 | 66 | 22 February 2017 – present | Wednesday at 8:55 pm – 10:00 pm | 65 minutes |

## Season 1

### Cast

| Duration | House husband | Location | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2016–2017
Episodes 1–14 | Kim Seung-woo | Songdo, Incheon |  |
| 2016–2017
Episodes 1–14 | Kim Jung-tae | Dalmaji, Haeundae, Busan | |
| 2016–2017
Episodes 1–14 | Kim Il-joong | Yeomchang, Seoul | |
| 2016–2017
Episodes 1–14 | Bong Tae-gyu | Jeongneung, Seoul | |
| 2016–2017
Episodes 1–14 | Moon Se-yoon | Gimpo, Gyeonggi Province | |
| 2017
Episodes 9–14 | Eli (U-KISS) | Jamwon, Seoul |  |
| Duration | MC | | | |
| 2016–2017
Episodes 1–14 | Kim Seung-woo | | | |
| Duration | Fixed panellist | | | |
| 2016
Episodes 1–4 | Yoon Son-ha | | | |
| 2016–2017
Episodes 5–11, 14 | Son Tae-young | | | |

### Special cast

| Duration | House husband | Location | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2016
Episodes 1–2 | Ha Tae-kwon | Taereung, Gongneung, Seoul |  |
| 2016
Episodes 3–4 | Lee Chul-min | Hyehwa, Seoul |  |
| 2016
Episodes 5–6 | Kim Beop-rae | Eunpyeong, Seoul |  |
| 2016
Episodes 7–8 | Muzie | Jayang, Seoul |  |

### Guest appearances

Season 1 guests

| Guests | Episode(s) |
| --- | --- |
| Choi Seong-min | 7, 9, 11 |
| Yoo Min-sang | 8 |
| Jo Jung-chi | 8 |
| Hwang Je-seong | 11, 14 |
| Byeon Gi-su | 14 |

## Season 2

### Cast

| Duration | House husband | Family | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020–present
Episodes 162–present | Roh Ji-hoon | Lee Eun-hye (wife) |  |
| 2020–present
Episodes 165–present | Yoon Joo-Man | Kim Ye-Rin (wife) |  |
| 2020–present
Episodes 181–present | Jung Sung-Yoon | Kim Mi-Ryeo (wife) |  |
| 2020–present
Episodes 184–present | Yang Joon-hyuk | Park Hyun-sun (wife) |  |
| 2021–present
Episodes 217–present | Eunhyuk | Lee Kang-heon (father) Jang Deok-boon (mother)
Lee So-ra (older sister) |  |
| 2021–present
Episodes 227–present | Kim Bong-gon | Jeon Hye-ran (wife) |  |
| Duration | Narrator(s) | | | |
| 2021–
Episodes 185–present | Choi Soo-jong and Ha Hee-ra | | |
|

### Former cast

| Duration | House husband | Family | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2017
Episodes 1–15 | Jung Won-kwan | Kim Geun-hye (wife) Jung Ah-in (daughter) |  |
| 2017
Episodes 1–18 | Baek Il-seob | Baek Seung-ho (son) Baek Woo-jin & Baek Woo-joo (grandsons) |  |
| 2017
Episodes 1–19 | Eli (U-KISS) | Ji Yeon-soo (wife) Kim Min-soo (Michael) (son) |  |
| 2017
Episodes 19–26 | Lee Oi-su | Jeong Yeong-ja (wife) |  |
| 2017–2018
Episodes 20–21, 23–29, 31–35, 37–39, 41–50, 52–57, 59–60 | Min Woo-hyuk | Lee Se-mi (LPG) (wife) Park Eden (son) |  |
| 2017–2018
Episodes 27–29, 31–34, 37, 39, 42–44 | Song Jae-hee | Ji So-yeon (wife) |  |
| 2018
Episodes 45–64, 66–67, 69 | Ryu Philip | Shim Mi-na (wife) |  |
| 2018–present
Episodes 62–63, 65–77 | Kim Dong-hyun | Song Ha-yeol (wife) |  |
| 2018–2019
Episodes 70–71, 73–121 | Kim Seong-soo | Kim Hye-bin (daughter) |  |
| 2018–2020
Episodes 86–150 | Choi Min-hwan | Kim Yul-hee (Laboum) (wife) Choi Jae-yul (son) |  |
| 2017–2020
Episodes 16–34, 36–160 | Kim Seung-hyun | Kim Soo-bin (daughter) Baek Soo-ah (mother, previously known as Baek Ok-ja)
Kim Do-yoon (father, previously known as Kim Yeon-joong) |  |
| Duration | Narrator(s) | | |
| 2017
Episodes 1–16 | Hong Hye-geol and Yeo Esther | | |
| 2017–
Episodes 17–184 | Choi Yang-rak and Peng Hyun-sook | | |

### Special cast

| Duration | House husband | Family | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2018
Episode 41 | Choi Yang-rak | Peng Hyun-sook (wife) Choi Hyuk (son) |  |

### Guest appearances

Season 2 guests

## Ratings

In the ratings below, the highest rating for the show will be in **red**, and the lowest rating will be in **blue** per section.

### 2016

List of ratings (episode 1–8)

| Episode | Date | AGB Nielsen
Ratings |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 8 November | 2.5% |
| 2 | 15 November | **2.9%** |
| 3 | 22 November | 2.5% |
| 4 | 29 November | 2.5% |
| 5 | 6 December | 2.6% |
| 6 | 13 December | 2.8% |
| 7 | 20 December | **2.4%** |
| 8 | 27 December | 2.7% |

### 2017 (season 1)

List of ratings (episode 9–14)

| Episode | Date | AGB Nielsen
Ratings |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 9 | 3 January | 2.7% |
| 10 | 10 January | 2.7% |
| 11 | 17 January | **3.2%** |
| 12 | 24 January | 2.7% |
| 13 | 31 January | 2.9% |
| 14 | 7 February | **2.0%** |

### 2017 (season 2)

List of ratings (episode 1–34)

**^Note 1:** On 14 June 2017 there was a special broadcast of episodes 1–4 of *Queen for Seven Days* instead of an episode of *Mr. House Husband*.
**^Note 2:** On 20 September 2017 a special episode was broadcast.

### 2018

List of ratings (episode 35–81)

**^Note 3:** Special episodes were broadcast between 1 November 2017 and 27 January 2018 due to KBS' strike.
**^Note 4:** From 14 February 2018 to 21 February 2018, the 2018 Pyeong-chang Winter Olympics were being broadcast.
**^Note 5:** On 16 February 2018, the episode airtime changed to 6:15 pm due to the live broadcast of the 2018 Pyeong-chang Winter Olympics.
**^Note 6:** On 20 June 2018, the group stage game (Portugal vs. Morocco) of the 2018 Russia World Cup was broadcast in place of an episode of Mr. House Husband.
**^Note 7:** On 15 August 2018, the women's basketball qualifiers game (Korea vs. Indonesia) of the 2018 Jakarta and Palembang Asian Games was broadcast in place of an episode of Mr. House Husband.
**^Note 8:** On 25 September 2018, a two-part Chuseok special of Mr. House Husband (Season 2) was broadcast.
**^Note 9:** On 31 October and 7 November 2018, the 2018 KBO League games were broadcast instead of Mr. House Husband episodes.

### 2019

List of ratings (episode 82–present)

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Nominee | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2018 | 16th KBS Entertainment Awards | Viewer's Choice Best Program Award |  | Nominated |
| | | Excellence Award in Variety | Kim Seung-hyun | Won |
| | | Best Couple | Kim Yeon-joong & Baek Ok-ja | Won |
| | | Best Entertainer | Choi Yang-rak & Peng Hyun-sook | Won |
| | | Best Newcomer Award | Choi Min-hwan | Nominated |
| | | Writers Award | Shim Eun-ha | Won |
| 2019 | 17th KBS Entertainment Awards | Hot Issue Entertainer Award | Choi Min-hwan | Won |
| | | Top Excellence Award in Show/Entertainment | Kim Seung-hyun | Won |
| 2020 | 18th KBS Entertainment Awards | Rookie Award (Reality Category) | Kim Il-woo | Won |
| | | Best Couple Award | Choi Yang-rak and Peng Hyun-sook | Won |
| | | Kim Ye-rin and Yoon Joo-Man | Won |
| | | Top Excellence Award (Reality Category) | Poppin' Hyun Joon and Park Ye-ri | Won |
| | | Viewers' Choice Best Program Award | Mr. House Husband 2 | Nominated |

## InfoBox

| *Mr. House Husband* | |
| --- | --- |
| Also known as | Housekeeping Men |
|  | |
| Hangul | 살림하는 남자들 |
|  | |
| Genre | Reality television |
| Written by | Shim Eun-ha, Shin Yoo-jin, Park Jin-joo, Park Byeong-hee, Park Se-yi, Kim Jin-yeon, Park Eun-yeong, Kim Yeong-jin |
| Directed by | Park Hyeong-geun, Lee Chang-soo, Joo Jong-hyun |
| Creative director | Lee Hwang-seon |
| Starring | Kim Seung-hyun
Kim Seong-soo
Choi Min-hwan |
| Narrated by | Choi Yang-rak
Peng Hyun-sook |
| Country of origin | South Korea |
| Original language | Korean |
| No. of seasons | 2 |
| No. of episodes | 135 |
| Production | |
| Producer | Jo Hyeon-ah |
| Production location | South Korea |
| Running time | 65 minutes |
| Production company | KBS |
| Original release | |
| Network | KBS2, KBS World |
| Release | 8 November 2016 (2016-11-08)
present |


title: Muckalee Creek

abstract: Muckalee Creek is a creek in southwest Georgia. It originates southeast of Buena Vista and flows south-southeast for 76.3 miles (122.8 km) and into Kinchafoonee Creek north of Albany, just upstream of that creek's confluence with the Flint River. Muckalee is a name derived from the Creek language. It is also the subject of a country song by Luke Bryan titled "Muckalee Creek Water" and is mentioned in Bryan's song, "Huntin', Fishin' and Lovin' Every Day".

text:
# Muckalee Creek

**Muckalee Creek** (pronounced MUHK-uh-lee) is a creek in southwest Georgia (U.S. state). It originates southeast of Buena Vista and flows south-southeast for 76.3 miles (122.8 km) and into Kinchafoonee Creek north of Albany, just upstream of that creek's confluence with the Flint River.

Muckalee is a name derived from the Creek language. It is also the subject of a country song by Luke Bryan titled "Muckalee Creek Water" and is mentioned in Bryan's song, "Huntin', Fishin' and Lovin' Every Day".

*

32°18′N 84°31′W / 32.300°N 84.517°W / 32.300; -84.517


title: Muckamore Cricket Club

abstract: Muckamore Cricket Club is a cricket club in Antrim, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, playing in the NCU League 1. The club was formed by John Joseph Robinson, a member of the staff of the York Street Flax Spinning Company, who played for Massereene in the late 1860s. When he came to live at the Muckamore School House with the Entwhistle family in 1874 he formed Muckamore Cricket Club. The original ground was at Boghead but circumstances meant the ground was moved to Oldstone and later to Moylena, where we have been playing continuously for about 125 years. In 1894, a local minister strongly disapproved of a barrel of beer being delivered to the ground each Saturday and finished on the Sunday, so he formed Greenmount Cricket Club for the junior members and boys from his Bible class. This club played on the opposite side of the Six Mile Water from Moylena, but in 1897 the two clubs agreed to merge, electing John G. Entwhistle to captain Muckamore, a position he continuously held for 27 years.

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# Muckamore Cricket Club

**Muckamore Cricket Club** is a cricket club in Antrim, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, playing in the NCU League 1.

The club was formed by John Joseph Robinson, a member of the staff of the York Street Flax Spinning Company, who played for Massereene in the late 1860s. When he came to live at the Muckamore School House with the Entwhistle family in 1874 he formed Muckamore Cricket Club. The original ground was at Boghead but circumstances meant the ground was moved to Oldstone and later to Moylena, where we have been playing continuously for about 125 years.

In 1894, a local minister strongly disapproved of a barrel of beer being delivered to the ground each Saturday and finished on the Sunday, so he formed Greenmount Cricket Club for the junior members and boys from his Bible class. This club played on the opposite side of the Six Mile Water from Moylena, but in 1897 the two clubs agreed to merge, electing John G. Entwhistle to captain Muckamore, a position he continuously held for 27 years.

## Honours

‡ 3 (1 shared) won by 2nd XI † Won by 2nd XI

## InfoBox

Muckamore
| Team information | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1874 |
| Home ground | Moylena |


title: Mount Vernon Mansion replicas

abstract: Mount Vernon Mansion replicas are faithful copies or buildings inspired by Mount Vernon, the mansion of U.S. President George Washington in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. Such buildings usually feature Mount Vernon's iconic piazza but might also copy its cupola, distinct dimensions, red-white-and-green color scheme, asymmetrical window distribution, or three-part organization. George Washington's Mount Vernon and architectural historian Lydia Mattice Brandt began a digital humanities project that collects information on Mount Vernon replicas. It crowd-sources information and locates Mount Vernon look-alikes on an interactive map.

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# Mount Vernon Mansion replicas

**Mount Vernon Mansion replicas** are faithful copies or buildings inspired by Mount Vernon, the mansion of U.S. President George Washington in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. Such buildings usually feature Mount Vernon's iconic piazza but might also copy its cupola, distinct dimensions, red-white-and-green color scheme, asymmetrical window distribution, or three-part organization.

George Washington's Mount Vernon and architectural historian Lydia Mattice Brandt began a digital humanities project that collects information on Mount Vernon replicas. It crowd-sources information and locates Mount Vernon look-alikes on an interactive map.

## Exposition buildings

Full-sized replicas of the Mount Vernon mansion were built for six international expositions:

## Residences

## Other buildings


title: Motora

abstract: Motora is a folk dance group from Eastern Finland, city of Joensuu. Motora is specialized in Karelian folk dance. Karelia is a frontier; it is partly in Finland, partly in Russia. The influences of eastern and western cultures can be seen in Motora's dance. There are traditional and modern choreographies in Motora's repertoire. Motora was founded by Rauni and Sakari Riikonen in 1968. Motora has an own band, Rälläkkä. Kaakkurit are another music band; It is a group of five players, who also dance in the Kapsakat dance group. There are over 170 dancers all together in Motora. There are groups for children, youngsters and adults. Dancers are from 3 to 40 years of age. All dancers practise their dances in "Motti" which is Motora's own dance hall in the center of Joensuu. Motora has performed in Finland's biggest festivals: Kaustinen Folk Music Festival, Pispalan Sottiisi and Folklandia. Motora has made 20 trips abroad to 15 different countries such as the United States, Hungary, Germany, Russia, Switzerland, Lithuania, Romania, Denmark, Cyprus.

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# Motora

**Motora** is a folk dance group from Eastern Finland, city of Joensuu. Motora is specialized in Karelian folk dance. Karelia is a frontier; it is partly in Finland, partly in Russia. The influences of eastern and western cultures can be seen in Motora's dance.

There are traditional and modern choreographies in Motora's repertoire. Motora was founded by Rauni and Sakari Riikonen in 1968.

Motora has an own band, Rälläkkä. Kaakkurit are another music band; It is a group of five players, who also dance in the Kapsakat dance group.

There are over 170 dancers all together in Motora. There are groups for children, youngsters and adults. Dancers are from 3 to 40 years of age. All dancers practise their dances in "Motti" which is Motora's own dance hall in the center of Joensuu.

Motora has performed in Finland's biggest festivals: Kaustinen Folk Music Festival, Pispalan Sottiisi and Folklandia. Motora has made 20 trips abroad to 15 different countries such as the United States, Hungary, Germany, Russia, Switzerland, Lithuania, Romania, Denmark, Cyprus.

## Kapsakat

**Kapsakat** is a Motora group of fourteen 17 to 21-year-old young dancers. Many of them have danced for over ten years. Kapsakat perform a lot at many events and parties. They have also been very successful in regional and national competitions. Mostly they have been classified to the best category, gold series.

Kapsakat has also performed a lot abroad at different festivals and camps: 2002 Sweden, 2004 Hungary, 2005 Russia, France, 2006 Sweden, 2008 Northern Cyprus, 2009 Estonia and Hungary.

The word *motora*, is also a word used by some Hispanic cultures when referring to a motorcycle.

## Karelian folk dances

Rhythm and joy are typical for Karelian dance. Dancers express their feelings strongly and emotionally. They have a chance to improve to show their real emotions.

1. Kaustinen Folk Music Festival Programme
2. Newspaper Helsingin Sanomat 9.6.2008
3. Suomen Sillan - Finland Society newsweek 27/2004 Archived 2007-10-19 at the Wayback Machine
4. Iskele Folk Festival in Cyprus Archived 2008-11-20 at the Wayback Machine
* Tellervo Riikonen: Kulttuurin kylväjät (Planters of Culture) (Ilias 2007 Joensuu)


title: Motorail

abstract: A motorail train or accompanied car train (ACT) is a passenger train on which passengers can take their car or automobile along with them on their journey. Passengers are carried in normal passenger carriages or in sleeping carriages on longer journeys, while the cars are loaded into autoracks, car-carriers, or flatcars that normally form part of the same train. Motorail services are not the same as car shuttle trains or car-carrying train services. Car shuttle trains usually operate over relatively short distances, on lines passing through a rail tunnel and connecting two places not easily accessible to each other by road. On car shuttle train services, unlike on motorail services, the occupants of the road vehicles being carried on the train usually stay with their vehicle throughout the rail journey.

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# Motorail

A **motorail** train or **accompanied car train** (ACT) is a passenger train on which passengers can take their car or automobile along with them on their journey. Passengers are carried in normal passenger carriages or in sleeping carriages on longer journeys, while the cars are loaded into autoracks, car-carriers, or flatcars that normally form part of the same train.

Motorail services are not the same as car shuttle trains or car-carrying train services. Car shuttle trains usually operate over relatively short distances, on lines passing through a rail tunnel and connecting two places not easily accessible to each other by road. On car shuttle train services, unlike on motorail services, the occupants of the road vehicles being carried on the train usually stay with their vehicle throughout the rail journey.

## Examples

### Europe

In Europe, many motorail connections are running cross-border between different European countries. To be mentioned are trains between Austria—Germany, Austria—Italy, Germany—Italy, Czech Republic—Slovakia and Serbia—Montenegro. Some domestic services exist as well. Domestic motorail trains are running within Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Finland and France.

Almost all motorail services are offered in connection with overnight trains with sleeping cars.

#### Austria

In Austria, roughly half of the night trains of the Österreichische Bundesbahnen (ÖBB) (called *ÖBB nightjet*) include car-carrier wagons. Most of the car-carrier wagons are running on a daily basis all-year-round to car terminals located in Austria (Vienna, Graz, Villach, Feldkirch, Innsbruck) and Germany (Hamburg, Düsseldorf). In addition, ÖBB nightjets from Vienna are serving one car terminal in Italy (Livorno) during the summer season. For the motorail services from Austria to Germany, ÖBB took over operations from DB AutoZug, a German motorail company which ceased operations.

Also seasonal is the Optima Express, a three-season service (spring, summer, autumn) between Villach in Austria and Edirne in Turkey with up to four trains each week in summer.

#### Germany

In Germany, DB AutoZug offered motorail services for more than 70 years. DB AutoZug ceased to operate in October 2016 as these trains were not considered to be profitable.

Four new motorail operators stepped in during 2015 and 2016, taking over the now abandoned motorail services claiming a sufficient market for motorail services in Germany and Central Europe. One of them (Euro-Express) left the market in late 2017, leaving three motorail operators in the German market: ÖBB, BTE and *train4you*.

Austrian railway (ÖBB) took over most motorail services from DB Autozug. ÖBB now (as of December 2018) offers daily or almost daily motorail connections (under the brand name *ÖBB nightjet*) running from Germany to Austria. There are daily EuroNight overnight motorail trains from Vienna to Hamburg. In addition, similar services are offered from Düsseldorf to Innsbruck since December 2016.

Another motorail service abandoned by DB Autozug was taken over by BTE, a German rail tourism company, which is affiliated with the US-based Railroad Development Corporation (RDC). BTE took over the DB Autozug connection between Hamburg and Lörrach, offering all-year-round motorail services 1-4 times a week.

And finally, the German company *train4you* is offering - under the brand name *Urlaubs-Express (UEX)* \- seasonal motorail trains between Hamburg and Düsseldorf on one side and Munich, Verona and Villach on the other side. They are running during the summer season except for the motorail trains from and to Munich, which are bi-seasonal (summer & winter).

#### Italy

In Italy, Trenitalia operated national Motorail services, advertised as "Auto e moto al seguito". As of 12 December 2011, all of these services have been withdrawn. After the withdrawal of motorail services by state-owned Trenitalia the private railway company Arenaways started overnight motorail trains running from Torino in the north of Italy to Reggio Calabria and Bari in the south. Talgo train coaches from RENFE group in Spain were used for the services. After the bankruptcy of Arenaways in 2014 due to massively manipulated rules by state-owned Trenitalia to exclude the competitor from the market, all services were withdrawn.

In 2019, there are seasonal international motorail trains, operating during the summer months only. German operator *train4you* operates motorail trains from Düsseldorf and Hamburg to Verona, while state-owned Austrian railway ÖBB connects Livorno with the Austrian capital of Vienna. The services are reduced in comparison to 2017 and 2018 which saw motorail trains operating from Hamburg, Düsseldorf and Vienna to Verona and Livorno.

#### Netherlands

There were motorail services, called *AutoSlaapTrein*, which ran in the summer months from 's-Hertogenbosch (Den Bosch) in the Netherlands to Koper in Slovenia, to Alessandria and Livorno in Italy, and Frejus and Avignon in the South of France. EETC (Euro-Express trein charter), the owner of the AutoSlaapTrein, suspended their services in April 2015. Another Dutch company, the travel agency Treinreiswinkel, continued the Autoslaaptrein in May 2015 with a connection between Germany (Düsseldorf) and Verona. All these motorail trains were operated by Müller-Touristik-Group in Germany under the brand name Euro-Express. In 2018, the Euro-Express trains were canceled.

#### Turkey

The only motorail train of Turkey is running between Villach/Austria and Edirne/Turkey mainly for the Turkish workers abroad, passing through Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia and Bulgaria. The whole journey completes 1400 km in 30 hours. The train is operated by Optima Tours.

#### Czech Republic & Slovakia

Currently, there is a daily all-year-round service between Prague and Košice, EN Slovakia, which also carries a motorail car between Prague and Poprad (for High Tatras). There is a seasonal service between Prague and Split (fasttrain *Jadran*) which took 24 hours, in seasons 2003–2005 weekly, in seasons 2007–2009 daily. This was running also in summer 2023.

Domestic motorail service between Bratislava and Humenné is also available in Slovakia.

Trains are jointly operated by České dráhy and Železničná spoločnosť Slovensko.

#### Finland

In Finland, VR has a popular automobile-carrying service on its night trains between the south and the north; the service transports 35,000 automobiles a year. The service operates with trains originating from both Helsinki and Turku first stopping at Tampere; from there they follow the same line to the next stop in Oulu. Thereafter, the line splits with one line going up to Kolari and another line making stops at Rovaniemi and Kemijärvi. These trains also include sleeper cars allowing passengers to sleep well before driving the next morning.

#### France

In France, the SNCF's Auto/train service comprised several overnight automobile-carrying trains throughout France. In the past, all of the Auto/trains also carried sleeping cars. Later on, passengers traveled on a separate train to their automobiles. Typically, passengers dropped off their car any time during the day and then use a separate train to reach their destination, where they could pick up the car any time the following day.

This service used to be available between 13 railway stations: the Gare de Bercy in Paris is the main auto-train terminal. There were also terminals in the stations of Avignon (separate station), Biarritz, Bordeaux, Briançon, Brive, Fréjus-St-Raphaël (separate station), Lyon-Perrache, Marseille-Saint-Charles, Nice, Narbonne (separate station), Toulon, and Toulouse. The automobiles were carried in open railcars. Other services used to be offered to the Auto Train service: a jockey to pick your car up at home, complementary insurances, free bus to leave the arrival station (such as Bercy, Avignon, or Fréjus) and free parking.

The service was discontinued in December 2019.

#### Poland

In the early 1980s PKP offered motorail services between the following stations: Szczecin Dąbie, Trzebiatów, Gdynia Główna, Warszawa Główna, Poznań Główny, Katowice, Kraków Główny, and Zakopane. Services ran overnight and passengers were carried in sleeping cars and couchettes.

By the end of the 1990s PKP operated only a single motorail service on overnight trains between Gdynia and Zakopane. The service never gained essential popularity and ultimately was withdrawn in 2004. Among many factors which led to closure of this service, it was criticised for being too cumbersome: while in Zakopane the passengers' cars were available almost immediately, it took nearly two hours to load or unload cars in Gdynia.

#### Serbia

There is a Motorail service in Serbia along the following routes: Belgrade - Bar (throughout the year), Novi Sad - Bar (summer season only) and Belgrade - Thessaloniki (summer season only).

#### Switzerland

In Switzerland, several car shuttle trains run, called **Autoverlad**; no motorail services exist.

#### United Kingdom

British Rail operated Motorail services from 1955 serving various destinations, but had discontinued them by the time the state-owned body was wound up in the mid-1990s. The privatised train operator First Great Western went on to revive the service between London and Penzance in 1998, operating it until September 2005.

### Asia-Pacific

#### Australia

Journey Beyond provides a Motorail service on its long-distance *Indian Pacific* between Adelaide and Perth, and *The Ghan* between Adelaide and Darwin.

It formerly offered Motorail on *The Overland* services.

Traveltrain in Queensland formerly offered a Motorail service on its *Sunlander* and *Spirit of the Outback* trains.

The Victorian Railways formerly offered Motorail on *The Vinelander*, and *Sunraysia* services on the Mildura line. The New South Wales Railways (later the Public Transport Commission) once offered Motorail services on its long-distance lines.

#### Japan

Several overnight "car train" (カートレイン) services were operated by the Japanese National Railways and its successor JR Group between 1985 and 1999. The first such service operated between Shiodome Freight Terminal in Tokyo and Higashi-Kokura Freight Terminal in northern Kyushu. At various times during the 1990s, similar services were operated between Nagoya and Kyushu, between Tokyo and Hokkaido through the Seikan Tunnel, and within Hokkaido.

The freight terminal at Ebisu Station was used as a terminal for car train services prior to its closure for redevelopment as the Ebisu Garden Place complex, at which point such services were moved to Hamamatsucho Station.

There were a number of problems with these services which contributed to their eventual cancellation, including fairly severe size restrictions on the vehicles that could be transported, lack of on-board dining facilities, revenue sharing issues between regional operating companies following the privatization of JR, and competition with both long-distance car ferries and combination air/rental car travel products.

### The Americas

#### Canada

The Ontario Northland Railway's Auto Carrier Service has several chain cars that carry vehicles from Cochrane to Moosonee. The train used is referred to as the Polar Bear Express. The train typically carries 15 vehicles. It also allows palletized freight, personal effects, household goods, groceries, building material, and special vehicles (ATVs, UTVs, snowmobiles, boats, and canoes). Spaces are also available for small enclosed trailers, boat and snowmobile trailers. These may be brought on either boxcars or flatcars. 3000 cars are transported yearly, with regular motorail service several times a week. Larger trucks (1 ton and higher) may be brought on the train but through a different service. The Polar Bear Express is a popular service for those living in communities near the James Bay as no all season road exists to link Moosonee with the rest of Ontario. The train is also frequented by hunters travelling up North.

CN Rail operated the Car-Go Rail and Auto-With-You motorail services around the 1960s, but closed the service a few years after due to low popularity.

#### Chile

In Chile, EFE (Empresa de los Ferrocarriles del Estado) operated a service called "Autotren" between Santiago and Temuco. It has, alongside most rail services in the country, been discontinued.

#### United States

Amtrak operates their dedicated *Auto Train* between Lorton, Virginia (near Washington, D.C.) and Sanford, Florida (near Orlando), a distance of 855 miles (1,376 km). The train can carry upwards of 330 vehicles inside fully enclosed bilevel autoracks, allowing vehicles even as tall as SUVs with rooftop cargo boxes to fit inside. Special vehicles such as small trailers, limousines, jet-skis, trikes, and chopper motorcycles may be brought on for an extra fee. The train is commonly used by tourists travelling south for vacation to Florida.

#### Argentina

In Argentina, the transportation of cars by train was very popular for many years, but after the privatization of passenger services in the 1990s, most of the rail services were canceled. Currently this service is provided only on the Tren Patagonico (Patagonian Train), which connects Viedma on the Atlantic coast with Bariloche in the Andes covering a distance of 800 km, and on the Buenos Aires-Mar Del Plata line, connecting the capital of the country with the Atlantic coast in a distance of 400 km.


title: Mr. Hill

abstract: Todd Joseph Gumke, better known by his stage name Mr. Hill, is an American hip hop record producer and DJ from Seattle, Washington. Mr. Hill has produced for the likes of Kool Keith, Mr. Lif, Boom Bap Project and Grayskul, among others. He is a member of the Pacific Northwest hip hop collective Oldominion.

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# Mr. Hill

**Todd Joseph Gumke**, (born January 8, 1973) better known by his stage name **Mr. Hill**, is an American hip hop record producer and DJ from Seattle, Washington. Mr. Hill has produced for the likes of Kool Keith, Mr. Lif, Boom Bap Project and Grayskul, among others. He is a member of the Pacific Northwest hip hop collective Oldominion.

## Musical career

Mr. Hill's first production credit was in 1999, for the song "Investigation Zero" for another Pacific Northwest hip hop artist named Footprints. The song appeared on the 1999 cassette tape *Operation Raw*. While he was mainly DJing at the time, he eventually focused more on producing. Through making connections in the local circuit, he met Onry Ozzborn, who would be a frequent collaborator of Mr. Hill's, with Onry eventually inviting Mr. Hill to join Oldominion.

Following encounters and discussions Grayskul had with Slug and other Rhymesayers Entertainment members, Grayskul's album Deadlivers was released on the label in 2005. Mr. Hill produced over half the album, taking on the Moniker "Phanton", while Onry Ozzborn took "Reason" and JFK to "Recluse".

In 2006, he released his first solo album, *Snaps*. The album features IAME, Boom Bap Project and Onry Ozzborn, among others. The same year he joined Oldominion rapper Barfly and released the album *Nite Owls*.

The next year, Mr. Hill released his first instrumental album *The Darkest Hour* via Hal Cush Music.

In 2011, he released the album SMiRK, an instrumental album mixing electronic, jazz and hip hop elements.

## Discography

**Studio albums**

* *Snaps* (2006)
* *The Darkest Hour* (2007)
* *SMiRK* (2011)

**Collaborative albums**

* *Nite Owls* (2006) (with Barfly)

**EPs**

* *Night Time Dreamers* (2013)

**Productions**

* Onry Ozzborn \- "Listen & Learn", "The Ozz", "Legend Had It", "Poltergeist", "717" and "The Zone" from *The Grey Area* (2003)
* Sirens Echo - "Hands Together" from *Psalms Of The Sirens* (2004)
* Grayskul \- "You People", "Adversarial Theatre Of Justice", "Action Figure Of Speech", "Once Upon A Time", "Do They Exist", "Vixen", "After Hours", "The Skul", "Prom Quiz", "Deadlivers" and "Secret Wars" from *Deadlivers* (2005)
* Boom Bap Project \- "Sounds Of The Street" and "War Of Roses" from *Reprogram* (2005)
* Boom Bap Project - "The Struggle" from *The Shakedown* (2005)
* Coley Cole - "Goldplated Straitjackets" from *Goldplated Straitjackets* (2005)
* Onry Ozzborn - "Part 3", "Part 4" and "Educated Guess" from *In Between* (2005)
* Syndel - "Ring Side" from *Enchantress* (2006)
* Grayskul - "The Last Lullaby" from *Bloody Radio* (2007)
* Mr. Lif \- "Presidential Report" (2008)
* Onry Ozzborn - "No Hoax" and "76" from *No Hoax* (2011)
* Destro - "That's That", "Yah, Yah, Yah" and "Oldominion Coming Thru" from *ill.ustrated* (2011)
* Onry Ozzborn - "Electric Dreams" from *Hold On for Dear Life* (2011)

## InfoBox

| Mr. Hill | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Todd Joseph Gumke |
| Also known as | Phantom |
| Born | (1973-01-08) January 8, 1973 |
| Origin | Seattle, Washington |
| Genres | Hip hop, alternative hip hop, Pacific Northwest hip hop |
| Occupation(s) | Producer, DJ |
| Years active | 1999-present |
| Labels | Hal Cush Music |
|  | |
| Website | mrhillmusic.bandcamp.com |


title: Muhammad Al-Labani

abstract: Muhammad Ismail Al-Labani is an Egyptian writer and researcher in critical and intellectual studies.

text:
# Muhammad Al-Labani

**Muhammad Ismail Al-Labani** (Arabic: محمد اللباني) is an Egyptian writer and researcher in critical and intellectual studies.

## Life and career

He was born in Edku in the Beheira Governorate in 1970 and resides in Alexandria.

He graduated from Faculty of Dar Al-Ulum Cairo University in 1993, after obtaining a high school diploma from Edku School in 1989. He obtained a diploma in Education, a Pre-Master in Literary Criticism, he worked in Egypt and the UAE in the field of teaching, combining teaching and writing, his writing passion and research interest always turns towards critical, intellectual and philosophical studies.

## Literary output

He has received many awards, including: Rashid Prize for Creativity, and he was awarded the Critical Studies Category  for his study of the identity of modernization between the centrality of the self and the dialogue of the other. He also received the Al-Tayeb Salih International Award for Written Creativity in its eighth session, in the critical studies category, for his study: “The Echo of Memory… A Study in the Aesthetics of Narrative Place”. He also won the Katara Prize for Arabic Novel in its sixth session for his study: "Representations of the Pragmatic Curve in Narrative, Ghassan Kanafani as a Model ".

### His most important critical and intellectual books

* Revolutionary sense in the poetry of Nizar Qabbani.
* The novel Stream of Consciousness: Edward Al-Kharrat as a model, published in Sharjah House, Department of Culture and Information in 1999, and participated in the Sharjah Prize for Arab and Intellectual Creativity, in its second session in 1998.
* Echo of Memory. A study in the aesthetics of the narrative space, participated in the Tayeb Salih International Prize for Written Literature, the eighth session, 2018. Among his most important critical and cultural articles:
* Abdo Khal: in the cities eat grass, "agency Attia: a picture of society marginalized, August 2011.
* Study "Betrayal of the Intellectual Between Said and Gramsci", "Saramago, a Writer Who Lived in Memory and Died Defending Just Causes".
* "Time and Nostalgia for Slowness", in which he criticizes Milan Kundera's novel "Slowness" , which focuses on the human position on time, and how he turned into a time killer.
* And also “A chameleon or a search for the truth”, “ Taha Hussein, a blind man who guides the sighted to the lights of science and knowledge “the power of knowledge”, “the game of masks in the rituals of signs and news”, “human sympathy”, “Orientalism, a renewed reading in the era of globalization”.
* Mohammed Arkoun, philosopher of Islamic Thought It roots "humanization", "Balcony of Laila Murad and Baudelaire, in an interview with text reading and interpreting".
* "Electronic Publishing", "A Window for Dialogue", "Positives of the Economic Crisis", "The Future of the Genetic Revolution and the Philosophy of Science". "Nietzsche, the philosopher against the absolute," archaeologically concerned, profile its foundation."

### His most important articles

* Abdo Khal in cities eat grass, "agency Attia: a picture of society marginalized, August 2011.
* His most important story:
* The novel Stream of Consciousness Edward Al-Kharrat, as an example, which was published in Sharjah House: Department of Culture and Information in 1999, and which participated in the Sharjah Prize for Arab and Intellectual Creativity, in its second session in 1998.

## InfoBox

| Muhammad Al-Labani | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 1970 (age 5354)
Beheira Governorate, Egypt |
| Nationality | Egyptian |
| Awards | Tayeb Salih International Award for Written Creativity 2018
Rashid Award for Creativity 2019-2020
Katara Prize for Arabic Fiction 2020
Critical Studies Category Award 2020 |


title: Muhammad Al Khadziq

abstract: Muhammad Al Khadziq is an Indonesian politician and former journalist who was the regent of Temanggung, Central Java, between 2018 and 2023. Before being elected as the leader of his home regency, he had been active at various Islamic organizations both during and after his studies.

text:
# Muhammad Al Khadziq

**Muhammad Al Khadziq** (born 30 December 1967) is an Indonesian politician and former journalist who was the regent of Temanggung, Central Java, between 2018 and 2023. Before being elected as the leader of his home regency, he had been active at various Islamic organizations both during and after his studies.

## Early life and education

Al Khadziq was born in Temanggung on 30 December 1967. After completing his elementary and middle school in Temanggung, he went to a pesantren for 2 years before continuing to a state-funded madrasa for his final 3 years of basic education.

After graduating from the madrasa, he was active at various Islamic student organizations, including the Ansor Youth Movement. He studied philosophy at the Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University.

## Career

Following his education, he worked as an editor at *Yogya Pos* (1995-1998) and later *Jawa Pos* (1998-2002). He became the chief editor for Nahdlatul Ulama paper *Duta Masyarakat* between 2002 and 2004. After journalism, he became a consultant, working for the Ministry of Disadvantaged Regions between 2004 and 2006. Afterwards, he became a public relations consultant, in addition to heading the editorial board of the magazine *Event Guide*. He was also part of the central committee of the Ansor Youth Movement.

Politically, he had joined the Democratic Party, United Development Party and the National Awakening Party before his marriage, after which he joined Golkar. He ran in Temanggung's 2018 regency election with Heri Ibnu Wibowo as his running mate and parties Gerindra, PPP, Golkar, and PAN supporting him, with the pair ending up winning 54.3 percent of the votes (258,734) in a three-candidate race against the incumbent regent and vice-regent (who ran separately).

He was sworn in by governor Ganjar Pranowo on 24 September 2018.

His first term ended on 25 September 2023, and he was replaced by Hary Agung Prabowo as acting regent.

## Family

His wife Eni Maulani Saragih is a member of the People's Representative Council. In 2018, she was arrested by the Corruption Eradication Commission and Khadziq was examined as a witness. The couple has two children.

## InfoBox

| Muhammad Al Khadziq | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Regent of Temanggung | |
| **In office**
24 September 2018  25 September 2023 | |
| Governor | Ganjar Pranowo |
| Deputy | Heri Ibnu Wibowo |
| Preceded by | Bambang Sukarno |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1967-12-30) 30 December 1967
Temanggung, Indonesia |
| Political party | Golkar |
|  | |


title: Muhammad Hasan, Khan of Ganja

abstract: Muhammad Hasan Khan (1742–1778) was the second Khan of Ganja from 1768 to 1780 from the Ziyadoglu branch of the Qajar clan who ruled the Beylerbeylik of Karabakh as hereditary governors.

text:
# Muhammad Hasan, Khan of Ganja

**Muhammad Hasan Khan** (1742–1778) was the second Khan of Ganja from 1768 to 1780 from the Ziyadoglu branch of the Qajar clan who ruled the Beylerbeylik of Karabakh as hereditary governors.

## Background

He was born in 1742 to Shahverdi Khan and his Armenian wife Gulgoncha in Ganja.

## Reign

He came to power in 1768 or 1761 after the murder of his father, Shahverdi Khan, with the Georgian help. He paid great attention to the economic development of the Ganja Khanate, especially to the development of sericulture. Khan invited many silkworm breeders from Georgia to permanent residence in Ganja, causing a negative reaction from Heraclius II, who instructed his wife, Queen Darejan, to take measures to prevent this resettlement. Queen, who at that time was actually involved in all government affairs, ordered the treasurer of the court, Joseph, to return the settlers in any way possible.

According to Bakikhanov, in 1769, Utsmi of Qaytaq, Emir Hamza with 3000 selected cavalry passed through Derbend, Quba and Shirvan and attacked Ardabil. Having devastated this region, he attacked Ganja through Karabakh and ruined its surroundings more than the Ardabil district. After that, through Shaki, Akhty, and the Kura, he returned Muhammad Hasan Khan had to seek help from the ruler of Kartli-Kakheti. According to Nikita Panin's report in 1770, he was still paying 10.000 tomans to Georgia as tribute.

## Death

In 1778, during the palace strife, his brother Muhammad Khan overthrew him and took power in Ganja into his own hands. Some sources report his death date as 1792. He had a son named Ali agha.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Muhammad Hasan Khan | |
| --- | --- |
| Khan of Ganja | |
| Reign | 1768 - 1778 |
| Predecessor | Shahverdi Khan of Ganja |
| Successor | Muhammad Khan |
|  | |
| Born | 1742 |
| Died | 1778 |
| Noble family | Ziyadoghlu Qajar |
| Father | Shahverdi Khan of Ganja |
| Mother | Gulgoncha |


title: Uchorowo

abstract: Uchorowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Murowana Goślina, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) north-west of Murowana Goślina, and 28 km (17 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań. Uchorowo was first mentioned in written records in 1388. It has a 19th-century manor house, and a neo-Gothic chapel dating from 1890. The village formerly had a parish church and a primary school. About 3 km south-west of Uchorowo, past the hamlet of Szymankowo, is the Śnieżycowy Jar nature reserve, founded in 1975 and now covering 9 hectares. It is most notable for the large numbers of spring snowflakes which bloom in March. This is one of the few places where this flower is found in lowland Poland. It is thought to have been brought here by human intervention in the 19th century.

text:
# Uchorowo

**Uchorowo** \[uxɔˈrɔvɔ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Murowana Goślina, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) north-west of Murowana Goślina (on the road to Oborniki), and 28 km (17 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.

Uchorowo was first mentioned in written records in 1388. It has a 19th-century manor house (last restored in 1987), and a neo-Gothic chapel dating from 1890. The village formerly had a parish church and a primary school.

About 3 km south-west of Uchorowo, past the hamlet of Szymankowo, is the **Śnieżycowy Jar** nature reserve, founded in 1975 and now covering 9 hectares. It is most notable for the large numbers of spring snowflakes (*Leucojum vernum*) which bloom in March. This is one of the few places where this flower is found in lowland Poland. It is thought to have been brought here by human intervention in the 19th century.

## InfoBox

| Uchorowo | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Manor house in Uchorowo | |
| Uchorowo | |
| Coordinates: 52°39′N 16°57′E / 52.650°N 16.950°E / 52.650; 16.950 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Poznań |
| Gmina | Murowana Goślina |
| Population | 520 |


title: Mohammad Usman

abstract: Brigadier Mohammad Usman MVC was the highest ranking officer of the Indian Army killed in action during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. As a Muslim, Usman became a symbol of India's inclusive secularism. At the time of the partition of India he with many other Muslim officers declined to move to the Pakistan Army due to the illegal occupation & riots and continued to serve with the Indian Army. He was martyred in July 1948 while fighting Pakistani soldiers and militia in Jammu and Kashmir. He was later awarded the second highest Indian military decoration for gallantry in the face of enemy, the Maha Vir Chakra.

text:
# Mohammad Usman

Brigadier **Mohammad Usman** MVC (15 July 1912 – 3 July 1948) was the highest ranking officer of the Indian Army killed in action during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. As a Muslim, Usman became a symbol of India's inclusive secularism. At the time of the partition of India he with many other Muslim officers declined to move to the Pakistan Army due to the illegal occupation & riots and continued to serve with the Indian Army. He was martyred in July 1948 while fighting Pakistani soldiers and militia in Jammu and Kashmir. He was later awarded the second highest Indian military decoration for gallantry in the face of enemy, the Maha Vir Chakra.

## Birth and Education

Mohammad Usman was born in Bibipur, now Mau, Uttar Pradesh, in the Azamgarh district, United Provinces, British India on 15 July 1912 to Jamilun Bibi and Mohammad Farooq Khunambir. Usman's maternal family was a large land-owning zamindar family from Yusufpur, more commonly known as the Ansaris of Yusufpur, through this side he was distant relatives of Dr. Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari, Faridul Haq Ansari, Hamid Ansari and Mukhtar Ansari. Usman and his younger brothers, Subhan and Gufran, were educated at Harish Chandra Bhai School, Varanasi. At the age of 12, he had jumped into a well to rescue a drowning child.

Usman later made up his mind to join the Army, and despite the limited opportunities for Indians to get commissioned ranks and despite intense competition, he succeeded in gaining admission to the prestigious Royal Military College, Sandhurst (RMC) He entered RMC in 1932, was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant and appointed to the Unattached List for the Indian Army on 1 February 1934. He was attached in India to the 1st battalion of the Cameronians on 12 March 1934 for a year.

## Military career

At the end of his year with the Cameronians, on 19 March 1935, he was appointed to the Indian Army and posted to the 5th battalion of the 10th Baluch Regiment (5/10 Baluch). Later in the year he saw active service on the North-West Frontier of India during the Mohmand campaign of 1935. He qualified as a 1st class interpreter in Urdu in November 1935.

Usman was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant on 30 April 1936 and Captain on 31 August 1941. From February to July 1942, he attended the Indian Army Staff College at Quetta. By April 1944, he was a temporary Major. He served in Burma and was mentioned in dispatches as a temporary Major in the London Gazette 25 September 1945. He commanded the 14th battalion of the 10th Baluch Regiment (14/10 Baluch) from April 1945 to April 1946.

When the Indian Army was split during the Partition of India, Pakistan offered him the prospect of becoming the army chief in Pakistan. However, he opted to remain in India.

### Indo-Pakistani War of 1947

In 1947 Pakistan sent tribal irregulars into the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir in an attempt to capture it and accede it to Pakistan. Usman, then commanding the 77th Parachute Brigade, was sent to command the 50th Parachute Brigade, which was deployed at Jhangar in December 1947. On 25 December 1947, with the odds stacked heavily against the brigade, Pakistani forces captured Jhangar. Located at the junction of roads coming from Mirpur and Kotli, Jhangar was of strategic importance. On that day Usman took a vow to recapture Jhangar – a feat he accomplished three months later, but at the cost of his own life.

In January–February 1948 Usman repulsed fierce attacks on Nowshera and Jhangar, both highly strategic locations in Jammu and Kashmir. During the defence of Nowshera against overwhelming odds and numbers, Indian forces inflicted around 2000 casualties on the Pakistanis (about 1000 dead and 1000 wounded) while Indian forces suffered only 33 dead and 102 wounded. His defence earned him the nickname **Lion of Nowshera**. Pakistani forces then announced a sum of Rs 50,000 as a prize for his head. Unaffected by praise and congratulations, Usman continued to sleep on a mat laid on the floor as he had vowed that he would not sleep on a bed till he recaptured Jhangar, from where he had to withdraw in late 1947.

The enemy was eventually driven from the area, and Jhangar was recaptured. Pakistan brought its regular forces into the fray in May 1948. Jhangar was once again subjected to heavy artillery bombardment, and many determined attacks were launched on Jhangar by the Pakistan Army. However, Usman frustrated all their attempts to recapture it. It was during this defence of Jhangar that Usman was martyred on 3 July 1948, by an enemy 25-pounder shell. He was 12 days short of his 36th birthday. His last words were "I am dying but let not the territory we were fighting for fall for the enemy". For his inspiring leadership and great courage, he was awarded the Maha Vir Chakra posthumously.

Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and his Cabinet colleagues attended the funeral of Usman — "the highest ranking military commander till date" to lay down his life in the battlefield. He was given a state funeral of a martyr. An Indian journalist, Khwaja Ahmad Abbas, wrote about his death, "a precious life, of imagination and unswerving patriotism, has fallen a victim to communal fanaticism. Brigadier Usman's brave example will be an abiding source of inspiration for Free India".

## Memorial

Usman is buried in the Okhla cemetery near the Jamia Millia Islamia campus in New Delhi. Film directors Ranjan Kumar Singh and Upendra Sood produced a film on Brigadier Usman's life. In 2020, photos of the grave's defaced headstone were widely circulated and triggered outrage on social media. This led several Army veterans to condemn the dishonour done to his memory, ultimately leading the Army to initiate the restoration of the vandalised grave.

His birth centenary was celebrated in 2012 by the Indian Army at Jhangar, Jammu and Kashmir. A Paramotor Expedition was organized by Gorkha Training Centre in the memory of Brigadier Usman.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Brigadier
Mohammad Usman
MVC
*Nowshera ka Sher* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1912-07-15)15 July 1912
Bibipur (now Mau district), United Provinces, British India |
| Died | (1948-07-03)3 July 1948 (aged 35)
Nowshera, Jammu and Kashmir, India |
| Allegiance | British India
India |
| Service/branch | British Indian Army
Indian Army |
| Years of service | 1934–1948 |
| Rank | Brigadier |
| Unit | 10th Baluch Regiment
Dogra Regiment |
| Commands | 50 Para Brigade
77 Para Brigade
14/10 Baluch |
| Battles/wars | Second Mohmand Campaign
World War II
Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 |
| Awards | Maha Vir Chakra |


title: Merom, Indiana

abstract: Merom is a town in Gill Township, Sullivan County, Indiana, United States. The population was 228 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Terre Haute Metropolitan Statistical Area. Nearby is Hallador Energy's Merom Generating Station.

text:
# Merom, Indiana

**Merom** is a town in Gill Township, Sullivan County, Indiana, United States. The population was 228 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Terre Haute Metropolitan Statistical Area. Nearby is Hallador Energy's Merom Generating Station.

## History

Merom was founded in 1817, and a log courthouse located there served as the first Sullivan County seat.

The town's name commemorates the Battle of the Waters of Merom in the Hebrew Bible. The Merom post office has been in operation since 1818.

Union Christian College existed in Merom from 1859-1924.

## Geography

Merom is located at 39°3′25″N 87°34′0″W / 39.05694°N 87.56667°W / 39.05694; -87.56667 (39.056950, -87.566573).

According to the 2010 census, the town has a total area of 0.36 square miles (0.93 km2), all land.

The Bluff Park in Merom is the site of the type locality of the Merom Sandstone.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1860 | 234 |  |  |
| 1870 | 426 |  | 82.1% |
| 1880 | 407 |  | −4.5% |
| 1890 | 412 |  | 1.2% |
| 1900 | 478 |  | 16.0% |
| 1910 | 521 |  | 9.0% |
| 1920 | 503 |  | −3.5% |
| 1930 | 397 |  | −21.1% |
| 1940 | 499 |  | 25.7% |
| 1950 | 374 |  | −25.1% |
| 1960 | 352 |  | −5.9% |
| 1970 | 305 |  | −13.4% |
| 1980 | 360 |  | 18.0% |
| 1990 | 257 |  | −28.6% |
| 2000 | 294 |  | 14.4% |
| 2010 | 228 |  | −22.4% |
| 2020 | 208 |  | −8.8% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 228 people, 99 households, and 59 families living in the town. The population density was 633.3 inhabitants per square mile (244.5/km2). There were 123 housing units at an average density of 341.7 per square mile (131.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 100.0% White. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.4% of the population.

There were 99 households, of which 36.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.4% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.4% were non-families. 37.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.97.

The median age in the town was 39.4 years. 30.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.5% were from 25 to 44; 27.1% were from 45 to 64; and 16.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 50.4% male and 49.6% female.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 294 people, 108 households, and 81 families living in the town. The population density was 813.7 inhabitants per square mile (314.2/km2). There were 135 housing units at an average density of 373.6 per square mile (144.2/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.30% White, 0.68% African American, and 1.02% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.68% of the population.

There were 108 households, out of which 43.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.2% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.0% were non-families. 21.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.12.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 32.0% under the age of 18, 3.4% from 18 to 24, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 19.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $31,528, and the median income for a family was $33,333. Males had a median income of $30,250 versus $20,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,087. About 13.5% of families and 14.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.4% of those under the age of eighteen and 3.6% of those 65 or over.

## Education

Merom has a public library, a branch of the Sullivan County Public Library.

The grand opening of the Merom – Gill Township Carnegie Library was on Sep. 1, 1918. The two-story structure has beautiful oak woodwork and paintings by local artist Will Turman. The Merom Library became a part of the Sullivan County Public Library system on Dec. 28, 1967. Locals believe that Merom is the smallest town in the U.S. with a Carnegie-built library.

## Arts and culture

The Merom Camp and Retreat Center is located on the site of the former Union Christian College. The Merom Bluff Park, which overlooks the Wabash River and the farm fields of Illinois, is home to the annual Merom Chautauqua.

Media related to Merom, Indiana at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Merom, Indiana | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| The former Union Christian College in Merom is listed on the National Register of Historic Places | |
| Location of Merom in Sullivan County, Indiana. | |
| Coordinates: 39°3′25″N 87°34′0″W / 39.05694°N 87.56667°W / 39.05694; -87.56667 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Indiana |
| County | Sullivan |
| Township | Gill |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.35 sq mi (0.92 km2) |
| Land | 0.35 sq mi (0.92 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 548 ft (167 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 208 |
| Density | 585.92/sq mi (225.91/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 47861 |
| Area code | 812 |
| FIPS code | 18-48474 |
| GNIS feature ID | 439023 |
| Website | http://meromindiana.org/ |


title: Music Under New York

abstract: Music Under New York (MUNY) is a part of the Arts & Design program by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) that schedules musical performances in transportation hubs across its rapid transit, ferry, and commuter rail systems. MTA grants every musician the legal right to perform, with or without MUNY affiliation. However, MUNY gives particular visibility and promotion to over 350 artists and groups who choose to participate. Artists are chosen through applications and ultimately a live audience with a jury panel. MUNY locations include approximately 30 high-traffic stations operated by the New York City Transit Authority that are part of the New York City Subway, the Long Island Rail Road, Metro-North Railroad, and the Staten Island Ferry.

text:
# Music Under New York

**Music Under New York** (MUNY) is a part of the Arts & Design program by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) that schedules musical performances in transportation hubs across its rapid transit, ferry, and commuter rail systems.

MTA grants every musician the legal right to perform, with or without MUNY affiliation. However, MUNY gives particular visibility and promotion to over 350 artists and groups who choose to participate. Artists are chosen through applications and ultimately a live audience with a jury panel. MUNY locations include approximately 30 high-traffic stations operated by the New York City Transit Authority that are part of the New York City Subway, the Long Island Rail Road, Metro-North Railroad, and the Staten Island Ferry.

## History

Prohibition of musical performance in the New York City Subway was prevalent since the opening of the first line in 1904. The ban continued under Mayor Fiorello La Guardia, who also made it illegal to perform on New York City streets. Some musicians still sang and played instruments through the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s in an effort to reclaim public space. Finally in 1985, the ban on subway performance was declared unconstitutional following a court challenge by musician Roger Manning, and the MTA created MUNY as a pilot program. The program became official in January 1987.

MUNY had no impact on the legal status of subway performing, as MUNY performers are covered by the same rules governing the general public. However, affiliation with MUNY provides benefits to performers. These include priority scheduling in popular locations, access to commuter railroad terminals, and fewer problems with law enforcement. And, because the MUNY scheduling system rewards its auditioned performers with access to high-traffic areas, it arguably results in a higher-quality artistic product for MTA riders.

## Legality

It is legal to perform music in the New York City Subway mezzanines with or without a MUNY affiliation. MUNY members as well as freelance performers are subject to regulations of the New York City Police Department and MTA. Section 1050.6 (c) of the New York City Transit Authority's Rules of Conduct regulates the provision of entertainment on the subway:

> The following nontransit uses are permitted by the Authority, provided they do not impede transit activities and they are conducted in accordance with these rules: public speaking; campaigning; leafletting or distribution of written noncommercial materials; activities intended to encourage and facilitate voter registration; artistic performances, including the acceptance of donations; solicitation for religious or political causes; solicitation for charities.

## Notable performers

Many of the musicians who perform in the subway under MUNY hold successful careers above ground as well. Saxophonist Zane Massey was involved early on in arranging big band performances with the organization in the 1980s and 1990s. A number of MUNY performers have gone on to perform at prestigious venues such as Carnegie Hall and Lincoln Center. These artists include Natalia Paruz (also known as the "Saw Lady"' for playing the musical saw), VongKu Pak (Korean drum), The Big Apple Boys (a cappella choir), James Graseck (violin), Hypnotic Brass Band, and Natalie Gelman (singer-songwriter). Possibly the best-known of them is Alice Tan Ridley, a gospel singer who was featured on season 5 of *America's Got Talent*. Similarly, singer Mike Yung has amassed millions of viral Youtube views and has also gone far in *America's Got Talent*. The current MUNY lineup has artists such as the Ebony Hillbillies, SisterMonk, Didjworks, Manze Dayila, Renaissance Street Singers, Heth and Jed, Kesha, Yaz Band and the Ukuladies. Floyd Lee (1933–2020) was a founding member of MUNY and later a judge on their board. A full list of performers and locations can be found on the MUNY website.

A 2012 YouTube series known as "The Back Of The Busk" featured interviews with a number of MUNY performers, giving an insight into their background and careers.


title: McNab, Arkansas

abstract: McNab is a town in Hempstead County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 68 at the 2010 census, up from 37 in 2000. It is part of the Hope Micropolitan Statistical Area.

text:
# McNab, Arkansas

**McNab** is a town in Hempstead County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 68 at the 2010 census, up from 37 in 2000. It is part of the Hope Micropolitan Statistical Area.

## History

In 1860, Charles McNab, who had emigrated to the United States in 1841 from Muthill, Perthshire, Scotland, bought land in the Red River valley not far from the town of Fulton. McNab, a carpenter, had married into a plantation-owning family in Alabama which later sold their Alabama land and moved to property at Summer Grove, near Shreveport, Louisiana. Though the Arkansas property was acquired by him in 1860, the Civil War prevented McNab from cultivating his new property. After the war, in 1865, he came up and planted cotton there. Soon, he and his wife and young son, together with a number of newly freed slaves, moved from Louisiana to live on and work the new farm. When the St. Louis–San Francisco Railway (Frisco) came through the area 30 years later, a small passenger and freight station was built, and a post office to serve the small community was set up across the road in the back of the general store that was operated by the McNabs. Custom of the time allowed the person who operated the post office to give it a name. Mrs. Charles F. McNab, who was the postmistress, named it "McNab". Her son, Charles West McNab, who had farmed the land until 1927 and was the only grandson of the original owner, sold the last 40 acres (160,000 m2) of family property there in 1956.

## Geography

McNab is located in western Hempstead County. Arkansas Highway 355 passes through the town, leading north 13 miles (21 km) to Tollette and south 3.5 miles (5.6 km) to Fulton on the Red River.

According to the United States Census Bureau, McNab has a total area of 0.3 square miles (0.9 km2), all land.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1910 | 271 |  |  |
| 1920 | 147 |  | −45.8% |
| 1930 | 223 |  | 51.7% |
| 1990 | 95 |  |  |
| 2000 | 37 |  | −61.1% |
| 2010 | 68 |  | 83.8% |
| 2020 | 30 |  | −55.9% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

As of the census of 2000, there were 37 people, 13 households, and 7 families residing in the town. The population density was 39.7/km2 (102.8/mi2). There were 18 housing units at an average density of 19.3/km2 (50.0/mi2). The racial makeup of the town was 51.35% White, and 48.65% Black or African American. 2.70% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 13 households, out of which 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.2% were married couples living together, 15.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.5% were non-families. 38.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 30.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85 and the average family size was 3.75.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.3% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 68.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $29,375, and the median income for a family was $41,250. Males had a median income of $16,250 versus $26,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $9,088. There were 33.3% of families and 63.6% of the population living below the poverty line, including 88.9% of under eighteens and 20.0% of those over 64.

1. "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
2. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: McNab, Arkansas
3. "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): McNab town, Arkansas". *American Factfinder*. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
4. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
5. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.

## InfoBox

| McNab, Arkansas | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Location of McNab in Hempstead County, Arkansas. | |
| Coordinates: 33°39′39″N 93°49′56″W / 33.66083°N 93.83222°W / 33.66083; -93.83222 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Arkansas |
| County | Hempstead |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.34 sq mi (0.89 km2) |
| Land | 0.34 sq mi (0.89 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 325 ft (99 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 30 |
| Density | 87.46/sq mi (33.78/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| FIPS code | 05-43070 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2406138 |