title: Rebecca Forstadt

abstract: Rebecca Forstadt is an American voice actress, best known for playing young female roles in various animated series. After studying theater at Orange Coast College, in Costa Mesa, California, Forstadt began her acting career by working at Knott's Berry Farm's Bird Cage Theater, performing melodramas, often as the damsel in distress character. Later, she went to Hollywood where she worked as a wardrobe mistress on such television shows as The White Shadow and Hill Street Blues, as well as for the film S.O.B.. She also spent several years doing live theater in the Los Angeles area. Most notably, she won some recognition for her portrayal of the character Josette in the world premiere of Eugène Ionesco's Tales for People Under 3 Years of Age at the Stages Theatre Center in 1982. She starred in several low-budget movies such as Mugsy's Girls, with Ruth Gordon and Laura Branigan, and Round Numbers with Kate Mulgrew, Samantha Eggar, and Shani Wallis. She also appeared as a television actress in Hill Street Blues, St. Elsewhere, and L.A. Law. Her voice acting breakthrough came when she landed the leading role of Lynn Minmei in the English version of Robotech, the popular anime series of the 1980s. Since then, she has voiced hundreds of other anime characters like Nunnally Lamperouge in Code Geass, Rika Furude in When They Cry, Monomi from Danganronpa 2 Goodbye Despair, and Tima from Metropolis and has branched into non-anime cartoons, live-action shows, commercials and radio work, and has performed background voices for movies such as Antz, Dr. Dolittle, and The Santa Clause.

text:
# Rebecca Forstadt

**Rebecca Forstadt** is an American voice actress, best known for playing young female roles in various animated series. After studying theater at Orange Coast College, in Costa Mesa, California, Forstadt began her acting career by working at Knott's Berry Farm's Bird Cage Theater, performing melodramas, often as the damsel in distress character. Later, she went to Hollywood where she worked as a wardrobe mistress on such television shows as *The White Shadow* and *Hill Street Blues*, as well as for the film *S.O.B.*. She also spent several years doing live theater in the Los Angeles area. Most notably, she won some recognition for her portrayal of the character Josette in the world premiere of Eugène Ionesco's *Tales for People Under 3 Years of Age* at the Stages Theatre Center in 1982. She starred in several low-budget movies such as *Mugsy's Girls*, with Ruth Gordon and Laura Branigan, and *Round Numbers* with Kate Mulgrew, Samantha Eggar, and Shani Wallis. She also appeared as a television actress in *Hill Street Blues*, *St. Elsewhere*, and *L.A. Law*. Her voice acting breakthrough came when she landed the leading role of Lynn Minmei in the English version of *Robotech*, the popular anime series of the 1980s. Since then, she has voiced hundreds of other anime characters like Nunnally Lamperouge in *Code Geass*, Rika Furude in When They Cry, Monomi from Danganronpa 2 Goodbye Despair, and Tima from *Metropolis* and has branched into non-anime cartoons, live-action shows (such as *Masked Rider* and *Power Rangers: Time Force*), commercials and radio work, and has performed background voices for movies such as *Antz*, *Dr. Dolittle*, and *The Santa Clause*.

## Voice roles

### Anime

### Live action

### Non-anime

### Video games

### Theme Song Performance

## Production credits

### Script Adaptation

### ADR/Looping

## InfoBox

| Rebecca Forstadt | |
| --- | --- |
| At the Code Geass: Lelouch of the Re;surrection premiere | |
| Other names | Reba West |
| Occupation | Voice actress |
| Years active | 1980–present |
| Spouse | Roger Olkowski (wid.) |
| Children | 2 |
| Website | rebeccaforstadt.com |


title: Guitar Legend: The RCA Years

abstract: Guitar Legend: The RCA Years is a two-disc compilation recording by American guitarist Chet Atkins. The 50 tracks included here focus on his first recordings in 1947 to the 1977 release Nashville Guitar Quartet.

text:
# Guitar Legend: The RCA Years

***Guitar Legend: The RCA Years*** is a two-disc compilation recording by American guitarist Chet Atkins. The 50 tracks included here focus on his first recordings in 1947 to the 1977 release *Nashville Guitar Quartet*.

## History

This collection includes many of Chet's early 78 rpm & 45 rpm releases. Issued on CD for the first time are tracks from Atkins' early EP *Pickin' the Hits* "Dance With Me Henry" and "Tweedlee Dee" as well as early versions of "Trambone" and "Blue Ocean Echo" ("Blue Echo"). The short-lived ensemble "The Rhythm Rockers (featuring Chet Atkins)" is represented by "Dig These Blues".

The version of "Black Mountain Rag" is incorrectly listed in the liner notes as taken from the 10-inch vinyl release *Gallopin' Guitar*. It is actually a much later version from the LP *Pickin' My Way*. The original was to be used but the later version was mistakenly included.

There is more of a concentration on the early period, with a much smaller amount from selected '50's and '60's LP's. This was done in part because many of the early Atkins songs appreciated by collectors were out of print and unavailable. Atkins had been reluctant to see this material reissued during his lifetime because he felt that his early playing was too brash and rough.

Country guitar historian and Atkins authority Rich Kienzle wrote the liner notes for this compilation and played a role in choosing the tracks.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |
| Country Standard Time | (no rating) |

Allmusic critic Jim Smith praised the compilation, writing it was "arguably the first affordable collection to paint a comprehensive picture... Each phase of his development is documented, with an emphasis on his classic early group recordings". Henry Koretzky wrote that the album displays "a stylistic versatility that his more mainstream albums never showcased."

## Track listing

1. "Canned Heat" (Atkins) – 2:35
2. "The Nashville Jump" (Atkins, Tennis) – 2:31
3. "Dizzy Strings" (Atkins) – 2:42
4. "Tellin' My Troubles to My Old Guitar" (Weston) – 2:45
5. "Dance of the Golden Rod" (Merle Travis) – 2:39
6. "Galloping on the Guitar" (Atkins) – 2:28
7. "Centipede Boogie" (Atkins) – 2:40
8. "Main Street Breakdown" (Atkins) – 2:16
9. "Indian Love Call" (Rudolf Friml, Oscar Hammerstein, Otto Harbach) – 2:38
10. "Mountain Melody" (Atkins) – 2:09
11. "Jitterbug Waltz" (Maltby, Waller) – 2:36
12. "Rainbow" (Bryan, Wenrich) – 2:36
13. "Nobody's Sweetheart" (Ernie Erdman, Gus Kahn, Billy Meyers, E. Schoebel) – 2:14
14. "Chinatown, My Chinatown" (William Jerome, Jean Schwartz) – 1:59
15. "Fiddle Patch" (Dale Potter) – 2:19
16. "(When It's) Darkness on the Delta" (Levinson, Neiburg, Symes) – 2:46
17. "High Rockin' Swing" (Avants, Tennant) – 2:19
18. "Guitars on Parade" (Atkins) – 2:21
19. "Oh By Jingo!" (Lew Brown, Albert Von Tilzer) – 2:13
20. "The Bells of St. Mary's" (Adams, Furber) – 2:13
21. "Country Gentleman" (Atkins, Boudleaux Bryant) – 2:14
22. "Memphis Blues" (W. C. Handy, George Norton) – 2:08
23. "Downhill Drag" (Atkins, Bryant) – 2:22
24. "Ballin' the Jack" (Burris, Smith) – 2:56
25. "Silver Bell" (Madden, Wenrich) – 2:14
26. "Mr. Sandman" (Pat Ballard) – 2:18
27. "New Spanish Two-Step" (Duncan, Bob Wills) – 2:11
28. "The Poor People of Paris (Jean's Song)" (Monnot) – 1:59
29. "Tweedlee Dee" (Scott) – 2:24
30. "Wallflower (Dance With Me Henry)" (Ballard, Otis) – 2:22
31. "Blue Ocean Echo" (Atkins, Bryant) – 2:19
32. "Trambone" (Atkins) – 2:12
33. "Dig These Blues" (Chatman) – 2:24
34. "Yesterdays" (Harbach, Kern) – 2:20
35. "Walk, Don't Run" (Johnny Smith) – 2:24
36. "Hot Toddy" (Flanagan) – 2:24
37. "Slinkey" (Atkins) – 2:04
38. "Frankie and Johnny" (Traditional) – 3:37
39. "Windy and Warm" (John D. Loudermilk) – 2:28
40. "Early Times" (Jerry Reed) – 2:40
41. "Satan's Doll" (Smith) – 3:51
42. "So Rare" (Jerry Herst, Jack Sharpe) – 3:03
43. "Yakety Axe" (Boots Randolph, Rich) – 2:04
44. "Blue Angel" (Lima) – 2:25
45. "Steeplechase Lane" (Jerry Reed Hubbard) – 2:26
46. "Black Mountain Rag" (Traditional) – 2:35
47. "Take Five" (Paul Desmond) – 2:42
48. "Blue Finger" (Hubbard) – 2:38
49. "Cascade" (Slone) – 2:26
50. "Carolina Shout" (Johnson) – 2:39

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Guitar Legend: The RCA Years | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Chet Atkins | |
| Released | April 4, 2000 |
| Recorded | 1947–1977 |
| Genre | Country, pop |
| Length | 123:48 |
| Label | Buddah (99673), RCA |
| Producer | Chet Atkins, Steve Sholes, Bob Ferguson, Charles Grean |
| Chet Atkins chronology | |
| *The Day Finger Pickers Took Over the World*
(1997) ***Guitar Legend: The RCA Years***
(2000) *Chet Picks on the Grammys*
(2002) | |


title: Raymond Walsh

abstract: Raymond Joseph Walsh was an Australian politician. He was born at Ellalong near Maitland, the son of Thomas Walsh and Ellen Brines. He received a primary education and was a compositor on the Maitland Mercury before moving to Tamworth around 1881. There he worked as a tailor, and around 1884 married Mary Elizabeth Buosell, with whom he had three children. In 1901 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the member for Tamworth; he ran as an independent, but always supported Premier John See and was soon considered a Progressive. In 1903 he was declared bankrupt and thus was no longer eligible to sit in parliament; he contested the by-election as an endorsed Progressive but was defeated by the Liberal candidate. Around 1905 he moved to Toowoomba in Queensland, where he worked as a tailor's cutter. Walsh died at Toowoomba in 1930.

text:
# Raymond Walsh

**Raymond Joseph Walsh** (1862  10 February 1930) was an Australian politician.

He was born at Ellalong near Maitland, the son of Thomas Walsh and Ellen Brines. He received a primary education and was a compositor on the *Maitland Mercury* before moving to Tamworth around 1881. There he worked as a tailor, and around 1884 married Mary Elizabeth Buosell, with whom he had three children. In 1901 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the member for Tamworth; he ran as an independent, but always supported Premier John See and was soon considered a Progressive. In 1903 he was declared bankrupt and thus was no longer eligible to sit in parliament; he contested the by-election as an endorsed Progressive but was defeated by the Liberal candidate. Around 1905 he moved to Toowoomba in Queensland, where he worked as a tailor's cutter. Walsh died at Toowoomba in 1930.


title: Recitation song

abstract: Accompanied recitations of poetry or dramatic texts, most often for spoken voice and piano, became very popular in the nineteenth century as an after dinner entertainment. The genre was often looked down on as something for authors and composers of lesser stature, though there are examples by Robert Schumann and Richard Strauss (Enoch Arden. The English composer Stanley Hawley made many such settings, some of which were performed at the first season of the Henry Wood Proms in London. His friend Lena Ashwell was often the performer. In popular music, especially country music, a recitation song or "recitation" as it is more commonly called, is a spoken narrative of a song, generally with a sentimental theme. Such numbers were quite popular from the 1930s into the 1960s, although there were only few in number. While they almost disappeared in the 1970s, that decade saw several of the biggest recitation songs of all time: Red Sovine's sentimental ode to an ill child "Teddy Bear" and C. W. McCall's truck-driving saga "Convoy", both songs hitting number one on the country charts and even crossing over into the pop market. McCall, who did not sing, became a popular country star in the 1970s with a string of recitations, most of them comic, although his last hit, 1977's "Roses for Mama" was a sentimental tale in the best Sovine tradition. A number of Elvis Presley's and Johnny Cash's songs, as well as a number of songs from other genres of popular music and a number of gospel songs, also featured recitations.

text:
# Recitation song

Accompanied recitations of poetry or dramatic texts, most often for spoken voice and piano, became very popular in the nineteenth century as an after dinner entertainment. The genre was often looked down on as something for authors and composers of lesser stature, though there are examples by Robert Schumann (*Ballads for Declaration*, 1850s) and Richard Strauss (*Enoch Arden* (1897). The English composer Stanley Hawley made many such settings, some of which were performed at the first season (1895) of the Henry Wood Proms in London. His friend Lena Ashwell was often the performer.

In popular music, especially country music, a recitation song or "recitation" as it is more commonly called, is a spoken narrative of a song, generally with a sentimental (or at times, religious) theme. Such numbers were quite popular from the 1930s into the 1960s, although there were only few in number. While they almost disappeared in the 1970s, that decade saw several of the biggest recitation songs of all time: Red Sovine's sentimental ode to an ill child "Teddy Bear" and C. W. McCall's truck-driving saga "Convoy", both songs hitting number one on the country charts and even crossing over into the pop market. McCall, who did not sing, became a popular country star in the 1970s with a string of recitations, most of them comic, although his last hit, 1977's "Roses for Mama" was a sentimental tale in the best Sovine tradition. A number of Elvis Presley's and Johnny Cash's songs, as well as a number of songs from other genres of popular music and a number of gospel songs, also featured recitations.

## Notable examples

## Semi-recitation songs

Semi-recitation songs were also very popular during this period. In a semi-recitation song, the verse, or part of a verse, is spoken and the chorus is sung.

Hits of this nature:


title: Gulella aprosdoketa

abstract: Gulella aprosdoketa is a species of very small air-breathing land snail, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Streptaxidae. This species is endemic to the coastal scarp forest and woodland in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, and has only been observed within an 80 km-long strip along the Eastern Cape coast. Human activities, such as construction, tourism, and livestock use, are major contributors to its habitat loss.

text:
# Gulella aprosdoketa

***Gulella aprosdoketa*** is a species of very small air-breathing land snail, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Streptaxidae.

This species is endemic to the coastal scarp forest and woodland in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, and has only been observed within an 80 km-long strip along the Eastern Cape coast. Human activities, such as construction, tourism, and livestock use, are major contributors to its habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| *Gulella aprosdoketa* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Stylommatophora |
| Family: | Streptaxidae |
| Genus: | *Gulella* |
| Species: | ***G. aprosdoketa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Gulella aprosdoketa***
Connolly, 1939 | |
|


title: Raúl Navas (footballer, born 1978)

abstract: Raúl Navas Paúl is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

text:
# Raúl Navas (footballer, born 1978)

**Raúl Navas Paúl** (born 3 May 1978 in Cádiz, Andalusia) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

## InfoBox

Raúl Navas
| Navas celebrates a Córdoba goal in 2010 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Raúl Navas Paúl | | |
| Date of birth | (1978-05-03) 3 May 1978 | | |
| Place of birth | Cádiz, Spain | | |
| Height | 1.79 m (5 ft 10+12 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 1991–1992 | Tiempo Libre | | |
| 1992–1994 | Cádiz | | |
| 1994–1995 | Balón Cádiz | | |
| 1995–1997 | Cádiz | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1997–1999 | Balón Cádiz |  |  |
| 1999–2001 | Cádiz B |  |  |
| 2001–2006 | Cádiz | 34 | (0) |
| 2006–2008 | Tenerife | 17 | (0) |
| 2008–2011 | Córdoba | 92 | (0) |
| 2012–2013 | Xerez | 9 | (0) |
| 2015–2018 | Lincoln Red Imps | 27 | (0) |
| Total |  | **179** | **(0)** |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Reclaim Australia: Reduce Immigration

abstract: Reclaim Australia: Reduce Immigration (RARI) was a minor Australian political party that was active from 1996 to 1999. The party advocated reducing Immigration to Australia and was associated with the far right of Australian politics. The party was deregistered due to a lack of members, and was largely displaced by the more successful One Nation and, to a lesser extent, Australians Against Further Immigration (AAFI). The party's best electoral result was in the by-election following the retirement of former Prime Minister Paul Keating from the federal seat of Blaxland. In this by-election, the Liberal Party did not field a candidate to oppose the sitting Labor Party, and, although RARI finished behind AAFI on the primary vote, on preferences RARI was able to come second in the seat.

text:
# Reclaim Australia: Reduce Immigration

**Reclaim Australia: Reduce Immigration** (RARI) was a minor Australian political party that was active from 1996 to 1999. The party advocated reducing Immigration to Australia and was associated with the far right of Australian politics. The party was deregistered due to a lack of members, and was largely displaced by the more successful One Nation and, to a lesser extent, Australians Against Further Immigration (AAFI). The party's best electoral result was in the by-election following the retirement of former Prime Minister Paul Keating from the federal seat of Blaxland. In this by-election, the Liberal Party did not field a candidate to oppose the sitting Labor Party, and, although RARI finished behind AAFI on the primary vote, on preferences RARI was able to come second in the seat.

## Federal parliament

| House of Representatives | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Election year | \# of
overall votes | % of
overall vote | \# of
overall seats won | +/– | Government |
| 1996 | 6,457 | 0.6(#12/18) | 0 / 150 | 0 |  |
|

| Senate | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Election year | \# of
overall votes | % of
overall vote | \# of
overall seats won | \# of
overall seats | +/– | Notes |
| 1996 | 44,545 | 0.41(#10/22) | 0 / 40 | 0 / 76 | 0 |  |
| 1998 | 8,019 | 0.07(#21/29) | 0 / 40 | 0 / 76 | 0 |  |


title: Record Hospital

abstract: Record Hospital is the long-running underground music program on radio station WHRB in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1984, Record Hospital is run by the radio station's rock department and currently broadcasts on weeknights after classical music programming ends, running until the following morning when jazz programming begins. Staffed primarily by Harvard University undergraduates and alumni, Record Hospital serves the Boston area airwaves with an all-night punk and indie rock radio show with forays into noise and experimental music.

text:
# Record Hospital

**Record Hospital** is the long-running underground music program on radio station WHRB in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1984, Record Hospital is run by the radio station's rock department and currently broadcasts on weeknights after classical music programming ends, running until the following morning when jazz programming begins. Staffed primarily by Harvard University undergraduates and alumni, Record Hospital serves the Boston area airwaves with an all-night punk and indie rock radio show with forays into noise and experimental music.

## History

Harvard Radio began as an on-campus station in 1940 until its expanded broadcast on FM radio in 1957. Broadcasting at 95.3 megahertz, WHRB had no ongoing rock music programming until the late 1960s, and students could choose to work only for its existing departments, such as news, jazz, classical music or sports. With the mounting of American counterculture, many students pushed for the inclusion of rock music on their station. The first show, *Good Soup*, had one hour of morning broadcast time each week in 1969. In the 1970s the show *Midnight Rock* ushered in the late-night program change by playing "Roll Over Beethoven" right after classical music ended for the day.

Throughout the 70s and 80s, WHRB's rock department had a number of different programs, including Rock and Roll Reveille in the 1970s, and Plastic Passions (a tribute to a song of the same name by The Cure that was released in April 1980). Plastic Passions began as a new wave music show that same summer when Scott Michaelsen (who coined the name) and Louis Kaplan served as co-program directors of the rock department. As new wave, and rock music in general, became more commercialized, WHRB's rock DJs turned to American punk and independent rock as set apart from what was played on other radio stations. Led by Geoffrey Weiss (who also gave the program its name), Jim Barber and Patrick Amory, Record Hospital began in 1984 as a small group of DJs dedicated to music that did not have a significant presence in mainstream radio or other media.

Record Hospital has continued in this same vein and plays a variety of punk, hardcore, indie pop, noise, psychedelic, no wave, and other forms of music with an underground, experimental or DIY aesthetic. In 1999 the show went global when WHRB began streaming over the Internet, and in 2009 released content to iPhone users via the WHRB "app".

## Governance

Record Hospital's DJs are trained to run all on-air operations and hold administrative positions within the station. Record Hospital's full members must be Harvard undergraduates who pass a series of trials. The first of these, The Rock Test, was established in 1969 as a subjective measurement of musical tastes, aesthetics and knowledge. The next trial is a semester or more of training, which comprises music lectures, listening assignments, and reviews of trainees' broadcast quality. After passing these trials, DJs are admitted as WHRB and Record Hospital members and issued a broadcast license.

Non-members have also been known to serve stints as Record Hospital Djs. Among these have been Harvard graduate students, faculty, and attendees of the Extension School, as well as community members who are sometimes asked to fill in as summer DJs when much of the student body is away.

Starting in 1984, Record Hospital DJs maintained a "Rock Comment Book" (RCB) to communicate with the rest of the department and keep up to date with the changing national music scene. These books are all kept in the department's record library and are accessible to all members. *The Boston Phoenix* interviewed Record Hospital members in 2008, publishing samples of old RCBs, described as "Pre-Internet Message Boards" complete with four to five-character handles like those used in chat rooms, complex acronyms as seen in modern text messaging, and incessant flame wars associated with online forums on many websites, including Wikipedia.

## Special programming

### Orgies

Twice a year WHRB interrupts its regularly scheduled programming with "marathon-style musical programs devoted to a single composer, performer, genre, or subject." Dubbed "Orgies" (a registered trademark) since their inception in 1943, Record Hospital Orgies can last anywhere from one hour to a full week of airtime. Notable Orgies have included the Punk Rock Orgy (1986), The Rough Trade Orgy (1992), The Women of Rock Orgy (1993), The Rock of Washington DC Orgy (1993), The Rock of Scotland Orgy (1994), Mark E. Smith and The Fall Orgy (1999), The Riot Grrl Orgy (2000), The Krautrock Orgy (2003), The John Peel Orgy (2005), the Touch and Go Records Orgy (2007), the Epoch Orgy (2015), the Kate Bush Orgy (2016) and the Dunedin sound Orgy (2017).

Weekly segments of Record Hospital have been dedicated to special programming. These have included:

* **Top 20**, highlighting the most frequently played recent acquisitions to Record Hospital's library. This show still exists as of April 2018, and can be found every Monday night from 10pm-12am.
* **Ultrasound**, a show dedicated to music from the Boston area, often with live interviews or performances by local artists.
* **Bad Vibrations**, a program of odd and underground music from the 1950s and 60s. This show also continues, under different names, each Tuesday night from 10pm-12am.
* **Monday Morning Strike**, a hardcore punk radio show following WHRB's long-running *Sunday Night at the Opera* program.
* **Live from the Recovery Ward**, a weekly hourlong live show highlighting local acts from Boston and the Northeast at large. This program continues to run as of April 2018 every Friday night from 10pm-11pm.

### In-studio bands

Local and touring bands frequently play exclusive live sets on Record Hospital. Past bands have included Huggy Bear, Bugskull, The Frogs, The In Out, Ho-Ag, Caspian, Conversions, Daniel Striped Tiger, The Folk Implosion, Portraits of Past, Brain Killer and The Streisand Effect.

### Record Hospital Fest

The department hosts an annual music festival every spring. Past performers have included Ampere, Off Minor, Daniel Striped Tiger, Sinaloa, Death to Tyrants, Lucky Dragons, Dreamhouse, Carlos Giffoni, Tim Hecker, The Body, Heathen Shame, Libyans, Social Circkle, Brain Killer, Tiny Hawks, and the Skaters.

## Notable alumni

### People

Alumni from the department, referred to as "ghosts," have become well known as writers, journalists, music industry executives, and musicians themselves. Notable ghosts include:

Well-known DJs from rock programming on WHRB in the decades before Record Hospital include critic/songwriter/musician Deborah Frost and *Twin Peaks* writer Harley Peyton.

### Bands

Record Hospital DJs have also played in numerous bands, including Chavez, Lemonheads, Galaxie 500, Luna, Bullet LaVolta, Swirlies, Fat Day, Titus Andronicus, Hilly Eye, The Silly Pillows, Gerty Farish, Eloe Omoe, Lucky Dragons, The Luddites. Miss Teen Schnauzer, Bludslide, Petty Crime, and The Pissed Officers, who later became Bishop Allen.


title: Gulliver's Tavern

abstract: Gulliver’s Tavern, formerly known as the Dolphin Inn, is a historic pub in the Kinson area of Bournemouth, Dorset, England. Dating from the 18th century, is believed to be the oldest pub in the town.

text:
# Gulliver's Tavern

**Gulliver’s Tavern**, formerly known as the **Dolphin Inn**, is a historic pub in the Kinson area of Bournemouth, Dorset, England. Dating from the 18th century, is believed to be the oldest pub in the town.

## History

The pub was built in 1750 as a public house and stables known as the Dolphin and Chequer. The tavern stands on Wimborne Road, which historically linked the towns of Wimborne Minster and Christchurch together.

In 1988, it became a Grade II listed building by Historic England. In 1993 the pub was renamed the Gulliver’s Tavern after the local smuggler Sir Isaac Gulliver (1745-1822). His ghost has been said to haunt the pub. In 2018, the pub became under new ownership and was reopened as The Acorn.

50°46′08″N 1°54′09″W / 50.76888°N 1.90258°W / 50.76888; -1.90258


title: Nicola Willoughby

abstract: Nicola Willoughby is a British model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss United Kingdom 1999 and competed at Miss World 1999. She was considered a favourite for the Miss World title, until it emerged that she had posed for topless photos, several of which were published in a London tabloid. Ultimately she was allowed to compete, but her chances of winning had been ruined.

text:
# Nicola Willoughby

**Nicola Willoughby** (born 1981) is a British model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss United Kingdom 1999 and competed at Miss World 1999. She was considered a favourite for the Miss World title, until it emerged that she had posed for topless photos, several of which were published in a London tabloid. Ultimately she was allowed to compete, but her chances of winning had been ruined.


title: Nicolas P. Retsinas

abstract: Nicolas P. Retsinas is an American economist who served as United States Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development for Housing during the presidency of Bill Clinton. He was later director of the Joint Center for Housing Studies at Harvard University, and chair of the board of commissioners of Rhode Island Housing. Retsinas graduated from New York University, where he studied Economics, received a Master’s degree in City Planning from Harvard University, and a Doctorate in Public Service from Rhode Island College.

text:
# Nicolas P. Retsinas

**Nicolas P. Retsinas** (born 1946) is an American economist who served as United States Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development for Housing during the presidency of Bill Clinton. He was later director of the Joint Center for Housing Studies at Harvard University, and chair of the board of commissioners of Rhode Island Housing.

Retsinas graduated from New York University, where he studied Economics, received a Master’s degree in City Planning from Harvard University, and a Doctorate in Public Service from Rhode Island College.

## InfoBox

| Nicolas P. Retsinas | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development for Housing | |
| **In office**<br>1993–1998 | |
| President | William Jefferson Clinton |
| Preceded by | Arthur J. Hill |
| Succeeded by | William C. Apgar |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1946 |
|  | |


title: Nicolas Solimele

abstract: Nicolas Solimele was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Venosa (1459–1492) and Bishop of Acerno (1436–1459).

text:
# Nicolas Solimele

**Nicolas Solimele** (died 1492) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Venosa (1459–1492) and Bishop of Acerno (1436–1459).

## Biography

On 7 August 1436, Nicolas Solimele was appointed by Pope Eugene IV as Bishop of Acerno.

On 17 October 1459, he was transferred by Pope Pius II to the diocese of Venosa. He served as Bishop of Venosa until his death in 1492.

While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of Carlo Setari, Bishop of Isernia (1470); and the co-consecrator of João Manuel, Bishop of Ceuta (1444).

## InfoBox

| Most Reverend
Nicolas Solimele | |
| --- | --- |
| Bishop of Venosa | |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| Diocese | Diocese of Venosa |
| In office | 1459–1492 |
| Successor | Sigismondo Pappacoda |
| Previous post(s) | Bishop of Acerno (1436–1459) |
| Personal details | |
| Died | 1492
Venosa, Italy |


title: Nicolau dos Reis Lobato

abstract: Nicolau dos Reis Lobato was an East Timorese politician who is considered the national hero of the country.

text:
# Nicolau dos Reis Lobato

**Nicolau dos Reis Lobato** (24 May 1946 – 31 December 1978) was an East Timorese politician who is considered the national hero of the country.

## Biography

Lobato was born in Soibada, Portuguese Timor on 24 May 1946.

Lobato was the first prime minister of the Democratic Republic of East Timor from 28 November to 7 December 1975. Upon the invasion by the Indonesian military, Lobato, along with other key Fretilin leaders, fled into the Timorese hinterland to fight against the occupying forces. On the final day of 1978, Lobato was ambushed by Indonesian special forces led by Lieutenant Prabowo Subianto (later son-in-law of President Suharto) at Mount Mindelo.

He was killed after being shot in the stomach on 31 December 1978 and his body was brought to Dili to be inspected by Indonesian press. What then happened to his body is unknown, but the East Timorese government continues to pursue the issue with the Indonesian government, so that his remains can be given a proper burial.

East Timor's main airport was renamed Presidente Nicolau Lobato International Airport in his honour.

1. "Indonesia: Fretilin leader shot dead in East Timor (Kuala Lumpur BUSINESS TIMES in English 3 Jan 79 p 18)". *Translations on South and East Asia*. **802**. Arlington, VA: U.S. Joint Publications Research Service: 17. 8 February 1979.
2. "Body of Timor-Leste's first prime minister still missing after 41 years". *Tempo Timor*. 31 December 2019. Retrieved 11 September 2020.
3. Barker, Anne (20 February 2018). "East Timor's latest attempt to solve the mystery of what happened to its first PM". *ABC News*. Retrieved 23 March 2023.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Nicolau Lobato | |
| --- | --- |
| Lobato in Declaration of East Timor (1975) | |
|  | |
| Political leader of the East Timorese resistance forces | |
| **In office**
7 December 1975  31 December 1978 | |
| Preceded by | Francisco Xavier do Amaral (as **President of East Timor** under the UDI government) |
| Succeeded by | Position abolished
Arnaldo dos Reis Araújo (as **Governor of East Timor**) |
| 1st Prime Minister of East Timor | |
| **In office**
28 November 1975  7 December 1975 | |
| President | Francisco Xavier do Amaral |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | Position abolished |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1946-05-24)24 May 1946
Soibada, Portuguese Timor |
| Died | 31 December 1978(1978-12-31) (aged 32)
Mount Mindelo, East Timor, Indonesia |
| Cause of death | Killed in action |
| Nationality | Timorese |
| Political party | Fretilin |
| Spouse | Isabel Barreto Lobato  (m. 1972; died 1975) |
| Children | 1 |
| Parent(s) | Narciso Lobato (father)
Felismina Alves (mother) |
| Relatives | Rogerio Lobato (brother) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | East Timor |
| Years of service | 1975–1978 |
| Commands | Falintil |
| Battles/wars | Indonesian occupation |
|  | |


title: Nicholas Lynch (politician)

abstract: Nicholas Lynch was an Irish politician and businessman who served as Member of Parliament for County Sligo in 1883–1885, as a member of the Irish Parliamentary Party.

text:
# Nicholas Lynch (politician)

**Nicholas Lynch** (1827-29 July 1900) was an Irish politician and businessman who served as Member of Parliament for County Sligo in 1883–1885, as a member of the Irish Parliamentary Party.

## Life

Lynch was born in Dublin in 1827, the son of Thomas Lynch.

Lynch was elected to represent Sligo in August 1883 following the death of the incumbent, Denis Maurice O'Conor, with 1545 votes against 983 for the Conservative candidate. He did not stand for re-election in 1885, when the county was split into two seats. Tim Healy characterised Lynch in his memoirs as "a wealthy man, who, on the hustings or in the House of Commons, was unable to open his mouth".

Lynch was a director of the Hibernian Bank, and following the default of the Munster Bank in 1885 successfully mobilised the Irish Parliamentary Party to move in support of the Hibernian by threatening to arrange a boycott of Bank of Ireland notes, with what Healy noted as an " eloquent and moving" speech to the Party meeting. He resigned his directorship of the Hibernian Bank in 1886.

In his later years he was not politically active. He died in Rathmines, Dublin on 29 July 1900. He left bequests of around £20,000 to charitable causes, primarily religious and educational institutions in Dublin.

## InfoBox

| Nicholas Lynch | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament for County Sligo | |
| **In office**
1883-1885 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1827 (1827)
Dublin, Ireland |
| Died | 29 July 1900 (aged 7273)
Dublin, Ireland |
| Political party | Irish Parliamentary Party |
|  | |


title: Nicky Byrne

abstract: Nicholas Bernard James Adam McGarry Byrne Jr. is an Irish pop singer, songwriter and radio and television presenter. He is best known for being a member of the pop group Westlife; Westlife has since released twelve albums, embarked on thirteen world tours, and won some awards, becoming one of the most successful Irish boys groups of all time. Before his music career, he played professional soccer, representing the Republic of Ireland at several teen levels. Since then he has had a successful TV and radio presenting career. His wife Georgina is the daughter of former Taoiseach Bertie Ahern, and they have fraternal twin sons and a daughter. In September 2012, it was announced that Byrne would be a contestant for the tenth series of Strictly Come Dancing. He was the ninth contestant to be eliminated. He was ranked number two on Ireland's Sexiest Man of 2014. After RTÉ internally chose him to represent Ireland, he released the song "Sunlight" and performed it in the second semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 competition in Stockholm in May 2016, but failed to advance to the final.

text:
# Nicky Byrne

**Nicholas Bernard James Adam McGarry Byrne Jr.** (born 9 October 1978) is an Irish pop singer, songwriter and radio and television presenter. He is best known for being a member of the pop group Westlife; Westlife has since released twelve albums, embarked on thirteen world tours, and won some awards, becoming one of the most successful Irish boys groups of all time.

Before his music career, he played professional soccer, representing the Republic of Ireland at several teen levels. Since then he has had a successful TV and radio presenting career. His wife Georgina is the daughter of former Taoiseach Bertie Ahern, and they have fraternal twin sons and a daughter.

In September 2012, it was announced that Byrne would be a contestant for the tenth series of *Strictly Come Dancing*. He was the ninth contestant to be eliminated. He was ranked number two on Ireland's Sexiest Man of 2014. After RTÉ internally chose him to represent Ireland, he released the song "Sunlight" and performed it in the second semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 competition in Stockholm in May 2016, but failed to advance to the final.

## Career

### Football

Nicky Byrne
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Nicholas Bernard James Adam McGarry Byrne Jr. | | |
| Date of birth | (1978-10-09) 9 October 1978 | | |
| Place of birth | Dublin, Ireland | | |
| Height | 1.76 m (5 ft 9 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Home Farm | | |
|  | St. Kevins Boys | | |
| 1995–1997 | Leeds United | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1997–???? | Shelbourne |  |  |
| 1997 | Cobh Ramblers (loan) | 11 | (0) |
|  | St. Francis |  |  |
| International career | | | |
|  | Republic of Ireland U15 |  |  |
|  | Republic of Ireland U16 |  |  |
|  | Republic of Ireland U18 |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |

Byrne was a footballer and played for Home Farm and St. Kevins Boys in North Dublin. He became a professional player, and joined Leeds United as a goalkeeper in 1995, and was a squad member of the FA Youth Cup winning team of 1997. He played for Leeds for two years, leaving when his contract expired in June 1997. He played in a reserve game for Scarborough and in a trial game with Cambridge United, before returning to join Dublin club Shelbourne. He then signed for Cobh Ramblers playing 15 games in all competitions, then St. Francis F.C., all in Ireland's League of Ireland.

On 14 May 2009, Byrne was a substitute for a Liverpool Legends XI that played against an All Star XI in a Hillsborough Memorial match to mark the 20th anniversary of the Hillsborough disaster. All the proceeds from the match went to the Marina Dalglish appeal. He represented the Republic of Ireland at U15, U16 and U18 levels. He is a fan of Celtic FC, and on 9 August 2011 played in a Celtic Legends XI at Celtic Park in front of a crowd of 54,000 against a Manchester Utd Legends team. Byrne participated in and won Soccer Aid 2014. He scored in the match, played at Old Trafford. He was the only non-professional player to score in the match. The Rest of the World team won the game 4–2.

### Music

In June 1998, Byrne attended an audition for new Irish boyband, where Boyzone manager Louis Walsh approached him to join his new venture, Westlife. Byrne joined Westlife along with Kian Egan, Mark Feehily, Shane Filan and Brian McFadden. Byrne revealed in *Westlife: Our Story* that he had wanted to change the name of the band to West High; but the others preferred Westlife. With Westlife, Byrne has had 25 top ten UK singles, 14 of which were number one, 7 number one albums and has sold in excess of over 55 million records worldwide. It is certified that Westlife have sold 20.2 million records and videos in the UK across their 14-year career – 6.8 million singles, 11.9 million albums and 1.5 million videos. Byrne also had a number one single in Ireland in 2002, alongside the Republic of Ireland national football team and Dustin the Turkey with the Irish 2002 FIFA World Cup anthem, "Here Come The Good Times (Ireland)". He also co-wrote many of Westlife's songs.

In early January 2016, it was rumored that RTÉ had internally chosen Byrne to represent Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016. Byrne had not yet confirmed or denied such information but announced that he would grab the opportunity with both hands if given. On 13 January, Byrne was confirmed to be the Irish singer for the 2016 contest in Stockholm with the song, "Sunlight". He performed in the second semi final on 12 May 2016, but failed to advance to the final.

In October 2018, a video was posted to Westlife's official social media platforms announcing the group's reunion as a four-piece. In 2019, the group headlined "The 20 Tour", named in honour of Westlife's 20th anniversary since its formation and the release of its first single, "Swear It Again", in 1999. In addition to touring, Westlife also released new music. "Hello My Love", the first single from the group's eleventh album, *Spectrum*, debuted on the *Graham Norton Show* on 10 and 11 January 2019.

### Television and radio

In 2003, Byrne guest-hosted an edition of *CD:UK* with Cat Deeley.

Byrne hosted the closing ceremony of the Special Olympics live from Dublin's Croke Park in front of 80,000 spectators.

Throughout the years, Byrne has appeared on *Children in Need* and *Comic Relief* several times. In 2001, he co-hosted Children in Need live from Belfast and in 2011 and co-hosted a BBC Radio 2 radio special with Patrick Kielty for the cause.

Byrne has narrated stage shows such as *The Snowman Christmas Special* and the *Picture of You* documentary dedicated to former Boyzone member Stephen Gately, who died on 10 October 2009.

Byrne has also hosted the Cheerios ChildLine Concert a record seven times, which was broadcast on RTÉ2, and in more recent years on TV3.

In addition, Byrne presented several editions of the *Celebrity Sunday* radio programme on RTÉ 2fm in 2010. Listeners tuned in from as far and wide as Mexico, Chile, the United Kingdom, Philippines and Indonesia. The fourth and final edition of the programme, broadcast on 14 February 2010, trended worldwide on Twitter. FM104 publicly offered him a job the day Westlife announced their split.

In October 2012, Byrne hosted the RTÉ reality TV show *Football's Next Star*. The series followed ten young hopefuls competing for a chance to win a place with Celtic Football Club's youth squad.

In 2013 through 2015, and again in 2017 and 2018, Byrne presented the Irish votes at the Eurovision Song Contest. He also co-hosted the short-lived TV talent show *The Hit* on RTÉ One along with Aidan Power.

On 4 February 2014, Byrne signed a contract with RTÉ 2fm to host a new weekday show from 11 am to 2 pm together with veteran DJ and presenter Jenny Greene. In March 2019, he stepped down to focus on Westlife and preparations for their upcoming tour.

In January 2015, Byrne started hosting the new weekly National Lottery game show *The Million Euro Challenge* on RTÉ 1, although the show was axed that July.

In January 2017, Byrne started hosting an Irish version of the TV show *Dancing with the Stars*, alongside Amanda Byram and with Jennifer Zamparelli from 2019.

In June 2020, he hosted *RTÉ Does Comic Relief* during the COVID-19 pandemic.

In October 2021, Byrne was announced as the host of a new singing competition commissioned for RTÉ entitled *Last Singer Standing*.

## Discography

### Albums

| Title | Details | Peak chart positions | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | IRE
 | SCO | UK |
| *Sunlight* |  | 8 | 65 | 114 |

### Singles

#### As lead artist

| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | IRE
 | |
| "Sunlight" | 2016 | 68 | *Sunlight* |
| | "Explosion" | |  |

| Title | Year | Peak chart positions |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | | IRE
 |
| "Here Come the Good Times (Ireland)"
(Irish 2002 FIFA World Cup anthem) | 2002 | 1 |

## Songwriting

Byrne has co-written some songs in his Westlife years and on all ten tracks on his debut solo album and also to one unreleased song:

* "Sunlight"
* "Explosion"
* "Song For Lovers"
* "Pop Machine"
* "Still The One"
* "Some Things Always Seem To Last"
* "Finishing Line"
* "Broadway Show"
* "Thank You"
* "Pretty"
* "Talking with Jennifer"
* "Sweeping Up"
* "When You Come Around"
* "Don't Let Me Go"
* "Imaginary Diva"
* "Reason For Living"
* "Where We Belong"
* "I Won't Let You Down"
* "Singing Forever"
* "You See Friends (I See Lovers)"
* "I'm Missing Loving You"
* "Closer"
* "Last Mile of the Way"
* "The Way That You Love Me"
* "Alive"

## Personal life

Byrne was born to parents Yvonne and Nicholas (d. 2009) and has an older sister and a younger brother. He was born in Dublin and grew up in the Northside area of the city, where he attended Pobalscoil Neasáin and continues to reside.

Byrne married Georgina Ahern, his secondary schoolmate, on 5 August 2003 at the Wicklow Register Office, Wicklow, County Wicklow. The civil ceremony was followed by a church blessing on 9 August at the Roman Catholic Church of St Pierre et St Paul in Gallardon, Eure-et-Loir, France.

The couple have three children.

## Philanthropy

In 2010, Byrne and his family organised the 'Nikki Byrne Twilight Ball', a fundraising event, in memory of their father who died in November 2009. The event raised over €200,000 and completely funded a television and radio heart attack awareness campaign in connection with 'The Irish Heart Foundation'.

## Television presenting career

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2003 | *CD:UK* | Guest presenter |  |
| 2003–2004, 2008, 2010–2011, 2013–2014 | *ChildLine Concert* | Presenter | 7 specials |
| 2012 | *Football's Next Star* | Presenter | 1 series |
| 2013 | *The Hit* | Presenter | 1 series |
| 2015 | *The Million Euro Challenge* | Presenter | 1 series |
| 2017–2022 | *Dancing with the Stars* | Presenter | 5 series |
| 2020 | *RTÉ Does Comic Relief* | Presenter | 1 special |
| 2020 | *Soundtrack to My Life* | Presenter | 1 special |
| 2021 | *Last Singer Standing* | Presenter | 1 series |

## Honours and awards

| Year | Ceremony | Category | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2001 | Smash Hits Awards | Best Haircut | Won |
| 2009 | VIP Style Awards | Most Stylish Man | Won |
| 2014 | PPI Radio Awards | Best Newcomer | Won |
| 2016 | VIP Style Awards | Most Stylish Man | Won |
| 2017 | Goss.ie Awards | Most Stylish Man | Won |
| 2018 | Goss.ie Awards | Best Male TV Presenter | Won |
| 2019 | Goss.ie Awards | Best Male TV Presenter | Won |
| 2022 | VIP Style Awards | Most Stylish Man | Won |
|

## InfoBox

| Nicky Byrne | |
| --- | --- |
| Byrne in 2016 | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Nicholas Bernard James Adam McGarry Byrne Jr. |
| Born | (1978-10-09) 9 October 1978
Dublin, Ireland |
| Genres | Pop |
| Occupations | * Singer * songwriter * presenter * footballer |
| Years active | 1998–present |
| Labels |  |
| Member of | Westlife |
|  | |
| Website | nickybyrne.com |


title: Nick Holliday

abstract: Nicholas Holliday is an American professional soccer player who plays as a goalkeeper for MLS Next Pro club Crown Legacy FC.

text:
# Nick Holliday

**Nicholas Holliday** (born January 17, 2006) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a goalkeeper for MLS Next Pro club Crown Legacy FC.

## Club career

Born in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Holliday began playing recreational soccer at the age of four. Growing up, he also played basketball, lacrosse, and baseball. After rising through Triangle United, Holliday joined the youth academy at then USL Championship club North Carolina FC. In 2020, Holliday signed an academy contract with North Carolina FC, allowing him to play matches while keeping NCAA eligibility.

On May 19, 2021, Holliday made his debut for North Carolina FC U23, the club's USL League Two affiliate, against West Virginia United, starting and playing 45 minutes in the 0–2 defeat.

Holliday made his professional debut for North Carolina FC in USL League One on June 20, 2021, against Chattanooga Red Wolves. He made 10 saves for North Carolina FC despite the club losing 2–3. During his debut, he became the youngest USL League One player to appear for an independent club in league history. On May 21, 2022, Holliday earned his first professional shutout during a 1–0 victory over Greenville Triumph SC.

## International career

Holliday was called in to the United States U-17 national team training camp in November 2021 and again in January 2022.

## Career statistics

### Club

*As of 8 June 2022*

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
| Club | Season | League | | | National Cup | | Continental | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| North Carolina FC U23 | 2021 | USL League Two | 5 | 0 |  | |  | | 5 | 0 |
| North Carolina FC | 2021 | USL League One | 2 | 0 |  | |  | | 2 | 0 |
| Career total | | | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |

## InfoBox

Nick Holliday
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Nicholas Holliday | | |
| Date of birth | (2006-01-17) January 17, 2006 | | |
| Place of birth | Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States | | |
| Height | 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Crown Legacy FC | | |
| Number | 51 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Triangle United | | |
|  | North Carolina FC | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2021 | North Carolina FC U23 | 5 | (0) |
| 2021–2023 | North Carolina FC | 26 | (0) |
| 2024– | Crown Legacy FC | 0 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of October 16, 2023 | | | |


title: Night Drive

abstract: Night Drive may refer to:

text:
# Night Drive

**Night Drive** may refer to:

## Books

## Film and TV

## Music

### Songs

* "Night Drive", an instrumental by Giorgio Moroder from the soundtrack *American Gigolo*
* "Night Drive", a song by Juan Atkins, as Model 500, 1985
* "Night Drive", a song by Jimmy Eat World from *Futures*
* "Night Drive", a song by The All-American Rejects from *Move Along*
* "Night Drive", a song by No Devotion from *Permanence*
* "Night Drive", a song by Norman Brown from *Just Chillin'* 2002
* "Night Drive", a song by Earl Klugh from *Low Ride*
* "Night Drive", a track from *Romper Stomper* soundtrack
* "Night Drive", a song by Ari Lennox from *Pho (EP)* 2016
* "Night Drive", a song by Brother Firetribe from *Feel the Burn*


abstract: Night Divides the Day: The Music of the Doors is the thirteenth album of pianist George Winston and ninth solo piano album, released in 2002. It features only piano covers of rock band The Doors. The Doors' keyboard player Ray Manzarek stated: "I love this CD; George has captured the essence of the Doors and added his own unique voice". The name of the album comes from the line "Night divides the day", from The Doors' song "Break on Through". Rhapsody praised the album, calling it one of their favorite cover albums.

text:
# Night Divides the Day: The Music of the Doors

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***Night Divides the Day: The Music of the Doors*** is the thirteenth album of pianist George Winston and ninth solo piano album, released in 2002. It features only piano covers of rock band The Doors. The Doors' keyboard player Ray Manzarek stated: "I love this CD; George has captured the essence of the Doors and added his own unique voice". The name of the album comes from the line "Night divides the day", from The Doors' song "Break on Through (To the Other Side)". Rhapsody praised the album, calling it one of their favorite cover albums.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Spanish Caravan" | Jim Morrison, Ray Manzarek, Robby Krieger, John Densmore | 5:28 |
| 2. | "The Crystal Ship" | Jim Morrison | 5:11 |
| 3. | "People Are Strange" | Jim Morrison, Robby Krieger | 3:24 |
| 4. | "Love Street" | Jim Morrison | 4:16 |
| 5. | "Love Me Two Times" | Robby Krieger | 3:10 |
| 6. | "Love Her Madly" | Robby Krieger | 4:32 |
| 7. | "Wishful, Sinful" | Robby Krieger | 3:50 |
| 8. | "Light My Fire" | Jim Morrison, Ray Manzarek, Robby Krieger, John Densmore | 9:55 |
| 9. | "My Wild Love" | Jim Morrison, Ray Manzarek, Robby Krieger, John Densmore | 6:08 |
| 10. | "Summer's Almost Gone" | Jim Morrison, Ray Manzarek, Robby Krieger, John Densmore | 5:32 |
| 11. | "I Can't See Your Face in My Mind" | Jim Morrison, Ray Manzarek, Robby Krieger, John Densmore | 4:14 |
| 12. | "Riders on the Storm" | Jim Morrison, Ray Manzarek, Robby Krieger, John Densmore | 7:52 |
| 13. | "Bird of Prey" | Jim Morrison | 3:00 |
| Total length: | | | 66:12 |

## Charts

| Chart (2002) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 91 |
|

## InfoBox

| Night Divides the Day: The Music of the Doors | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by George Winston | |
| Released | October 8, 2002 |
| Recorded | 2002 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 66:12 |
| Label | Windham Hill, Dancing Cat |
| Producer | George Winston, Howard Johnson and Cathy Econom |
| George Winston chronology | |
| *Remembrance: A Memorial Benefit*
(2001) ***Night Divides the Day: The Music of the Doors***
(2002) *Montana: A Love Story*
(2004) | |


title: Night Doctors

abstract: Night Doctors are bogeymen of African American folklore, resulting from some factual basis. The term Night Doctor is often broadly used, referring to doctors who would illegally or unethically find means of procuring African American corpses for study during cadaver shortages – a result of southern black bodies being a valuable resource for dissection and autopsy studies in medical colleges. Multiple methods were used, the most common being graverobbing of impoverished communities; other doctors would pay slave owners for the bodies of deceased slaves. For many slaves, death was thought of as the time their body would finally rest and suffer no longer. In contrast, many slave owners believed they had right to a slave's body even after death. Other Night Doctors, known as Needle Men or Black Bottle Men, would secretly poison African American patients for their cadavers after death. Stories of graverobbing, murder, and various enforced medical experimentation led to the development of African American folklore that told of doctors who would abduct, kill, and dissect bodies.

text:
# Night Doctors

**Night Doctors** (also known as **Night Riders**, **Night Witches**, **Ku Klux Doctors** and **Student Doctors**) are bogeymen of African American folklore, resulting from some factual basis.

The term Night Doctor is often broadly used, referring to doctors who would illegally or unethically find means of procuring African American corpses for study during cadaver shortages – a result of southern black bodies being a valuable resource for dissection and autopsy studies in medical colleges. Multiple methods were used, the most common being graverobbing (or body snatching) of impoverished communities; other doctors would pay slave owners for the bodies of deceased slaves. For many slaves, death was thought of as the time their body would finally rest and suffer no longer. In contrast, many slave owners believed they had right to a slave's body even after death. Other Night Doctors, known as Needle Men or Black Bottle Men, would secretly poison African American patients for their cadavers after death. Stories of graverobbing, murder, and various enforced medical experimentation led to the development of African American folklore that told of doctors who would abduct, kill, and dissect bodies.

## Body snatching

Throughout the late 18th and early 19th centuries in the United States, the demand for cadavers exceeded the supply when hands-on dissection became popular in medical schools. The importance of human bodies in explaining general anatomy and fundamental methods like amputation has existed since ancient times. However, the need was intensified in the 19th century by the increased acceptability of dissecting human bodies. The necessity for dead bodies was met by grave-robbing and using slave bodies. The government put into place various countermeasures to deter grave robbers. However, these measures took time and money. Therefore, African American bodies were the most common ones to be robbed since they were legally, economically, and socially disadvantaged. Hence, the most frequent targets of grave robbers were African Americans, immigrants, and the impoverished. Grave robbers avoided stealing white American bodies because the dissection of white cadavers carried far greater risks for physicians. The bodies of African Americans were often sold to chattel for dissection by slave owners after their death. There is an overwhelming amount of evidence suggesting that the bodies of impoverished people, African Americans, and underprivileged individuals were used to improve the medical training of white elites. Grave robbers and their crimes were frequently overlooked by white Americans since grave robbing had no direct impact on them. The tales of night doctors, who bought and stole bodies, became part of African American history and traditions.

Body snatching increased during the post-revolutionary period because medical students started to perform dissections rather than simply observing professors. In the early 19th century, most states legislated against grave robbery. Even though grave robbing was formally prohibited, the penalty was comparatively light since grave robbing was considered misconduct rather than a felony. The punishment for grave robbing was a possible fine and a short period of imprisonment. Due to these permissive attitudes, relatives of the lately departed had to take it upon themselves to watch their loved ones' graves. Following this, grave robbery was very frequent even though there were laws prohibiting it in some states. Because of grave robbing, several riots took place between 1765 and 1852, the most well-known of which was New York Doctors' Riot of 1788. In the New York Doctors' riot of 1788, the unauthorized acquisition of bodies from the graves of the recently departed sparked a massive outburst of anger and dissatisfaction among impoverished people, specifically aimed at doctors and medical trainees. In January 1789, a year after the riot, a law was successfully passed that regulated the appropriate treatment of dead bodies, with heavy penalties inflicted on anyone who disobeyed the law. The Warburton Anatomy Act of 1832, which handed unclaimed remains to scientists and eventually ended grave robbery in Britain, was instrumental in enacting legislation in the United States that curtailed grave robbing. Massachusetts passed an identical, albeit less harshly worded, Anatomy Act of 1831, which legalized the use of dead bodies for dissection and anatomical studies. Most states soon passed similar legislation, and by the turn of the century, cadavers were almost entirely sourced from unclaimed remains.

An example of a medical college that used the bodies of African Americans, immigrants, and impoverished people is the Medical College of Georgia. Excavations at the Medical College of Georgia in 1989 yielded more than 9,000 bones. No records exist, and none of the remains have been identified, but it fits the inflammatory story to claim that they were mainly from working-class individuals and approximately 80% of those were African Americans. In addition to being the majority of cadavers, many teaching hospitals would only perform new live surgical techniques and demonstrations on African American patients. The consequences of employing the majority of African American bodies led to the dehumanization of African American people in the medical system, a lack of confidence between African American people and medical experts, and a reluctance among African American people to donate their bodies for medical purposes. The inordinate use of African American bodies for autopsy and medical studies unwittingly formed a view of black people as nothing more than medical experimentation material. The usage of African American bodies as experimental subjects has a long history in the United States, dating back to the use of Henrietta Lacks' cancer cells for research purposes without her proper consent to the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. In both of these instances, patients did not give consent to the medical projects and research being done on them. They were not informed and were blatantly misled. Medical injustice to people of color still remains, leaving a mistrust of the medical system throughout the country.

## Needle and Black Bottle Men

Johns Hopkins Hospital and New Orleans' Charity Hospital (now replaced by the UMCNO) are noted originators of student Night Doctor stories. Cadavers used by Johns Hopkins University were highly disproportionate (2/3 African American) to the surrounding population at the time, and Charity Hospital was known for multiple racist incidents. Many African Americans were distrusting of the hospitals, or told by older generations to avoid them. A quotee from *The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks* once explained that,

> You'd be surprised how many people disappeared in East Baltimore when I was a girl. I'm telling you, I lived here in the fifties when they got Henrietta, and we weren't allowed to go anywhere near Hopkins. When it got dark and we were young, we had to be on the steps, or Hopkins might get us.

Both hospitals contributed to stories of Night Doctors with specific killing habits.

The Needle Men would poke unsuspecting individuals in the arm with a poisoned needle; after death, records would be falsified to give other explanations for the victim's passing.

> I sure don't go out much at this time of year. You take a chance just walkin' on the streets. Them Needle Men's is everywhere. They always come 'round in the fall, and they're 'round to about March. You see, them Needle Mens is medical students from the Charity Hospital tryin' to git your body to work on. That's 'cause stiffs are very scarce at this time of the year.

The Black Bottle Men would offer African American patients a black bottle of 'medicine,' leading to their death shortly afterwards. The bottle is now thought to have contained a mixture of cascara and milk of magnesia, which when properly administered worked as a common laxative of the period. Incorrect usage, however, could cause severe side effects.

## Modern day consequences

Night Doctors, as well as other systemic and racial issues in American medicine (the most notable being the Tuskegee Syphilis Study), have left many modern-day repercussions on black communities in search of medical care. Many medical studies performed on African Americans were done without their consent, leaving some today distrusting and wary of the medical system which has wronged them in the past. African American communities tend to be underfunded, with less access to health care, education, insurance, and resources; and certain African American patients, taken less seriously by medical professionals, have been denied pain medication because they are perceived to be faking or in less pain.


title: Nicolaus of Luxemburg

abstract: Nicolaus of Luxemburg was Patriarch of Aquileia from 1350 until 1358.

text:
# Nicolaus of Luxemburg

**Nicolaus of Luxemburg** (1322 – 30 July 1358) was Patriarch of Aquileia from 1350 until 1358.

## Biography

He was born in Prague, the illegitimate son of King John of Bohemia (John the Blind). On 2 August 1342 Pope Clement VI proclaimed him provost of the Diocese of Prague, following John's wish. In the same year, Nicolaus was named canon of Vyšehrad. In a document from 1348 Nicolaus calls himself dean of the church of Olomouc and royal chancellor.

Clement VI appointed Nicolaus bishop of Naumburg on 7 January 1349, as one of the opponents to Johann of Miltitz. Nicolaus could not stand his ground; possibly he was only nominated but never took the office.

On 31 October 1350 Nicolaus became the new patriarch of Aquileia. In May 1351, Nicolaus arrived at Udine. During his term of office, he planned to found a commercial centre called "Carola" together with his half-brother, the future emperor Charles IV. This project was not to be realised. The very year of his establishment, he had to face an attack by Henry III, Count of Gorizia, who destroyed Cassacco, and by Albert II of Austria, who occupied Carnia, Venzone, Udine, Gemona and besieged Cividale. However, the patriarchate was able to escape by giving Venzone and some other castles to the Austrians.

At the end of 1351 and beginning of 1352, some noblemen were executed by order of the new patriarch. The men were said to have participated in the murder of the patriarch's predecessor, Bertram of St. Genesius, two years before. Like the former, Nicolaus took part in an alliance against the Republic of Venice with the counts of Gorizia, Francesco I da Carrara, lord of Padua, his half brother Charles IV, Louis I of Hungary and the dukes of Austria. The league's troops occupied Grado and Muggia (1356), while Louis stripped Venice of most of Dalmatia. The siege of Treviso (July–September 1356) was a failure, but Venice suffered a severe defeat at Nervesa (13 January 1358), being forced to cede Dalmatia and Croatia to Hungary.

In 1353, Charles IV consented to the erection of a *studium generale* at Cividale. In October 1354, he visited the Patriarchate of Aquileia on his way to Rome. During his stay, Nicolaus presented him a much sought-after relic, two pages of the Gospel of Mark. Nicolaus accompanied his half-brother on his way through Italy.

Nicolaus died at Belluno in 1358. The cause is unknown, although it is assumed to be by sickness. Nicolaus is buried in Udine underneath the main altar of the church.

## Further reading

* R. Bouillon: *Die Beziehungen zwischen Aquileia und Karl IV. während der Amtszeit der Patriarchen Nikolaus von Luxemburg und Lodovico della Torre (1350–1365)*. Münster 1991.
* Franz Krones (1886), "Nicolaus", *Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie* (in German), vol. 23, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 611–613
* Marco Innocenti (2001). "NIKOLAUS von Luxemburg". In Bautz, Traugott (ed.). *Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL)* (in German). Vol. 18. Herzberg: Bautz. cols. 1038–1044. ISBN 3-88309-086-7.
* Tirelli, R. (2000). *I patriarchi. La spada e la croce. XV secoli di storia*. Pordenone.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)


title: Niggaz on tha Run

abstract: Niggaz on tha Run (N.O.T.R.) was a 1990s Gangsta rap group from Compton, California. They were formed by MC Eiht and mainly featured his long-time friends and members of Compton's Most Wanted, DJ Slip, Tha Chill and Boom Bam.

text:
# Niggaz on tha Run

**Niggaz on tha Run** (N.O.T.R.) was a 1990s Gangsta rap group from Compton, California. They were formed by MC Eiht and mainly featured his long-time friends and members of Compton's Most Wanted, DJ Slip, Tha Chill and Boom Bam.

## Background

They formed in 1993 and were due to release an EP in early '94, but it was cancelled a few months prior. Very rare record test pressings are all that remain, however, several tracks have been uploaded to YouTube. (see referenced playlist) They were heavily involved with MC Eiht featuring C.M.W.'s 1994 & '96 albums, *We Come Strapped* & *Death Threatz*.

1. MC Eiht Interview on Yo! MTV Raps in 1993
2. MC Eiht Interview on Yo! MTV Raps in 1994
3. N.O.T.R. YouTube playlist
4. Boom Bam Interview by Shane Thompson 12/13/2009

## InfoBox

| Niggaz on tha Run | |
| --- | --- |
| N.O.T.R. vinyl test pressing | |
| Background information | |
| Also known as | N.O.T.R. |
| Origin | W 159th St, Tragniew Park, Compton, California, U.S. |
| Genres | Gangsta rap, West Coast hip hop |
| Years active | 1993–1996 |
| Labels | Big Beat, Specialty |
|  | |
| Past members | MC Eiht
DJ Slip
Tha Chill
Boom Bam
Lil Hawk 'n' Bird
DJ DUI |


title: Niggas Is Men

abstract: Too Dirt For TV⁲ – Niggas Is Men is a 2013 mixtape album by American rapper and producer Quelle Chris. It featured audio production handled by Messiah Musik, Sifu and Quelle himself, and guest appearances from Bwameeks, Cavalier, Chay, Denmark Vessey, DJ GroWeyez, Fresh Daily, Mosel, and Tanya Morgan.

text:
# Niggas Is Men

***Too Dirt For TV2 – Niggas Is Men*** is a 2013 mixtape album by American rapper and producer Quelle Chris. It featured audio production handled by Messiah Musik, Sifu and Quelle himself, and guest appearances from Bwameeks, Cavalier, Chay, Denmark Vessey, DJ GroWeyez, Fresh Daily, Mosel, and Tanya Morgan.

## Background

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *RapReviews* |  |

*Niggas Is Men* is Quelle's debut full-length with Tucson, Arizona-based independent label Mello Music Group. Also it is the second album of Quelle's ongoing 'too dirt for TV' series, following up to his 2012 release of *2Dirt4TV* and preceding his 2015 release of *Innocent Country.*

The record was released on March 19, 2013 for sale digitally, on April 30, 2013 on CD and vinyl, and distributed by Fat Beats.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Try To Get Over" (featuring DJ GroWeyez) | Quelle Chris | 1:31 |
| 2. | "Long Tokes" (featuring Cavalier) | Messiah Musik | 3:17 |
| 3. | "We Eat It" (featuring Cavalier) | Quelle Chris | 3:18 |
| 4. | "Natural Flavors" (featuring Cavalier & Bwameeks) | Quelle Chris | 4:10 |
| 5. | "Hot N Crusty" (featuring Cavalier, Fresh Daily & Chay) | Sifu | 4:01 |
| 6. | "Greene Eyes" (featuring Tanya Morgan, Cavalier & Fresh Daily) | Messiah Musik | 4:22 |
| 7. | "Good Days" (featuring Denmark Vessey, Fresh Daily & Cavalier) | Quelle Chris | 5:06 |
| 8. | "Addiction Cycles" (featuring Cavalier) | Messiah Musik | 5:12 |
| 9. | "In Retrograde" | Messiah Musik | 3:00 |
| 10. | "Old Friend" (featuring Cavalier) | Messiah Musik | 4:29 |
| 11. | "Aura" (featuring Mosel & Cavalier) | Quelle Chris | 3:58 |
| 12. | "Are You Ready" | Quelle Chris | 0:48 |
| 13. | "G.I. Soul" (featuring Cavalier) | Sifu | 2:35 |
| Total length: | | | 45:48 |

Bonus track
| No. | Title | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14. | "We Eat It REMIX" (featuring P.U.D.G.E. & Chris Keys) | Quelle Chris | 4:12 |

**Notes**

* "Green Eyes" contains samples from "Soul Girl" by Ahmad Jamal (1973) and "Treat 'Em Right" by Chubb Rock (1990)
* "In Retrograde" contains samples from "Spell" by Blue Magic (1974)

## Personnel

* André Trenier – artwork
* Chris Keys – guest vocals (track 14)
* Denmark Vessey – guest vocals (track 7)
* Devon Callender – guest vocals (track 6)
* Donald Freeman – guest vocals (track 6)
* Gavin Christopher Tennille – main artist, executive producer, producer (tracks 1, 3-4, 7, 9, 11-12, 14)
* Ilyas Nashid – guest vocals (track 6)
* Michael Richardson – guest vocals (tracks 5-7)
* Michael Tolle – executive producer
* Bwameeks – guest vocals (track 4)
* Cavalier – guest vocals (tracks 2-8, 10-11, 13)
* Chay – guest vocals (track 5)
* DJ Groweyez – guest vocals (track 1)
* Messiah Musik – producer (tracks 2, 6, 8-10)
* Mosel – guest vocals (track 11)
* P.U.D.G.E. - guest vocals (track 14)
* Sifu – producer (tracks 5, 13)

## InfoBox

| Niggas Is Men | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Mixtape by Quelle Chris | |
| Released | March 19, 2013 (2013-03-19) |
| Genre | Hip hop |
| Length | 45:48 |
| Label | Mello Music Group |
| Producer |  |
| Quelle Chris chronology | |
| *2Dirt4TV*
(2012) ***Niggas Is Men***
(2013) *Ghost at the Finish Line*
(2015) | |


title: Nigel Davies (rugby union)

abstract: Nigel Gareth Davies is a former Wales international rugby union player, who played his club rugby at Llanelli RFC. His son Sam Davies is a professional rugby union player. Davies was born in Waun y Clun, Trimsaran and as a youth player played for local rugby union club Trimsaran RFC. In his final year of playing for the youth team he was invited by Llanelli RFC to play for them in a friendly match, from which he impressed enough to be selected by the club. Davies played 498 games for Llanelli including nine WRU Challenge Cup finals. During his Llanelli career he scored 115 tries and 487 points in total. Nigel also scored 5 tries whilst playing centre for Wales in 29 appearances. Davies was appointed assistant coach to the Wales national team under Gareth Jenkins and was appointed caretaker Head Coach following the departure of Jenkins after the 2007 Rugby World Cup. In May 2008 Davies was announced as the head coach of the Scarlets, replacing Phil Davies who moved to the Scarlets board of directors. In June 2012 Davies joined Gloucester as Director of Rugby. After a poor season in 2013–14, Davies was sacked by Gloucester. In June 2015 Davies was announced as Ebbw Vale RFC Head Coach

text:
# Nigel Davies (rugby union)

**Nigel Gareth Davies** (born 29 March 1965) is a former Wales international rugby union player, who played his club rugby at Llanelli RFC. His son Sam Davies is a professional rugby union player.

Davies was born in Waun y Clun, Trimsaran and as a youth player played for local rugby union club Trimsaran RFC. In his final year of playing for the youth team he was invited by Llanelli RFC to play for them in a friendly match, from which he impressed enough to be selected by the club. Davies played 498 games for Llanelli including nine WRU Challenge Cup finals. During his Llanelli career he scored 115 tries and 487 points in total. Nigel also scored 5 tries whilst playing centre for Wales in 29 appearances.

Davies was appointed assistant coach to the Wales national team under Gareth Jenkins and was appointed caretaker Head Coach following the departure of Jenkins after the 2007 Rugby World Cup. In May 2008 Davies was announced as the head coach of the Scarlets, replacing Phil Davies who moved to the Scarlets board of directors.

In June 2012 Davies joined Gloucester as Director of Rugby. After a poor season in 2013–14, Davies was sacked by Gloucester.

In June 2015 Davies was announced as Ebbw Vale RFC Head Coach

## InfoBox

Nigel Davies
| Birth name | Nigel Gareth Davies |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1965-03-29) 29 March 1965 |
| Place of birth | Trimsaran, Wales |
| Height | 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) |
| Weight | 91 kg (14 st 5 lb) |
| School | Ysgol y Strade |
| University | Polytechnic of Wales |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Centre  Amateur team(s)  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1983-2000 Llanelli RFC  498  (487)  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1987–1997 Wales  29  (23)  Coaching career  **Years** **Team**  2007 Wales  2008–2012 Llanelli Scarlets  2012-2014 Gloucester Rugby  2015 - Ebbw Vale RFC | |


title: Nigel De Brulier

abstract: Nigel De Brulier was an English stage and film actor who began his career in the United Kingdom before relocating to the United States.

text:
# Nigel De Brulier

**Nigel De Brulier** (born **Francis George Packer**; 8 August 1877 – 30 January 1948) was an English stage and film actor who began his career in the United Kingdom before relocating to the United States.

## Biography

De Brulier was born in Frenchay, a suburb of Bristol on August 8, 1877 as Francis George Packer, the son of James Packer, a Gloucestershire coachman, and his wife Louisa Packer (née Field). De Brulier launched his career as an actor and singer on the stage in his native country and transferred to the American stage after moving to Canada and then to the United States in 1898. In the 1900 U.S. census he was recorded as Francis G. Packer, butler, in a private household in Denver, Colorado. His first film role was a poet in *The Pursuit of the Phantom* in 1914. In 1915 he acted in the film *Ghosts* based on a play by Henrik Ibsen.

He portrayed Cardinal Richelieu in the following four films, *The Three Musketeers* (1921), *The Iron Mask* (1929), *The Three Musketeers* (1935) and *The Man in the Iron Mask* (1939).

He appeared with Douglas Fairbanks in *The Gaucho* (1927) and was also one of the few actors of the silent era who reached reasonable success in talkies, although his roles in them were quite minor. He played the wizard Shazam in the 1941 Republic serial *Adventures of Captain Marvel* and also acted in *Charlie Chan in Egypt* in 1935.

He played Jokaanan, the Prophet in a silent film version of Oscar Wilde's *Salome* (1923). A clip of De Brulier in *Salomé* was used in *Before Stonewall*, a film documenting the gay rights movement. His French-born wife, Natale Octavia de Brulier (1879-1969), was a Christian Science practitioner, and their daughter, Josephine de Brulier (b. Los Angeles, 1911), was an assistant librarian.

## Death

De Brulier died in Los Angeles on January 30, 1948. He was interred at Grand View Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California.

## Filmography

1. "Francis George Packer". Frenchay Museum Archives. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
2. "The Hollywood star from Frenchay". Fishponds Voice. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
3. "Nigel De Brulier — Soothsayer From the East?". The Daily Mirror. 20 October 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
4. "The Pursuit of the Phantom (1914)". IMDB. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
5. "Nigel De Brulier". Silent Hollywood. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
6. "The Gaucho". Silent Hollywood. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
7. "Nigel De Brulier". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on 14 June 2018. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
8. *Salomé (1923/I)* at IMDb. Retrieved 28 February 2008.
9. Ellenberger, Allan R. (2001). *Celebrities in Los Angeles Cemeteries: A Directory*. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company. p. 103. ISBN 9780786409839.

## InfoBox

| Nigel De Brulier | |
| --- | --- |
| De Brulier c. 1920 | |
| Born | Francis George Packer
(1877-08-08)8 August 1877
Frenchay, Bristol, England, UK |
| Died | 30 January 1948(1948-01-30) (aged 70)
Los Angeles, California, USA |
| Years active | 1914–1943 |
| Spouse | Natale Octavia de Brulier |
| Children | 1 |


title: Nigel De'ath

abstract: Nigel De'ath is a former speedway rider from England.

text:
# Nigel De'ath

**Nigel De'ath** (born 19 May 1965) is a former speedway rider from England.

## Speedway career

De'ath rode in the top tier of British Speedway from 1983–1990, riding primarily for Oxford Cheetahs.

He rode for Milton Keynes Knights from 1984 to 1985. and after signing for Oxford, was an integral part of the Oxford team that won the league and Cup treble during the 1986 British League season.

## InfoBox

Nigel De'ath
| Born | 19 May 1965 (1965-05-19) (age 59)<br>Bicester, Oxfordshire, England |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | British (English) |
| Career history | |
| 1983–1988 | Oxford Cheetahs |
| 1984–1985, 1989, 1991 | Milton Keynes Knights |
| 1990 | Long Eaton Invaders |
|  | |
| Team honours | |
| 1986 | British league and cup treble winners |
|  | |


title: Nigel Vardy

abstract: Nigel Vardy is an English mountaineer whose experiences of recovering from severe frostbite injuries led him to become a motivational speaker and author. Vardy was rescued after being overtaken by darkness at high altitude on a climb of Denali in Alaska in May 1999, facing temperatures of −76 °F (−60 °C). He suffered severe frostbite and his injuries led to the amputation of all his toes, fingers and his nose. In 2006 a 45-minute documentary was broadcast of his party's incident on Denali for the TV series I Shouldn't Be Alive. Months of recovery followed his accident, but Vardy eventually returned to climbing, explored mountains across the world, and three years later successfully returned to high-altitude climbing by reaching Island Peak in Nepal. In 2014, despite his lack of toes, Vardy reached Gunnbjørn Fjeld, the highest mountain north of the Arctic Circle, as well as undertaking a further mountaineering expedition in Nepal. He also became the first Briton to achieve the "seven peaks-seven islands" challenge, summitting the highest peaks on the world's seven largest islands. Vardy uses his experiences of rescue, recovery and return to mountaineering as a motivational speaker, and is sometimes known as "Mr. Frostbite". In 2016 Mountain Rescue magazine announced that he had become an associate of the Buxton Mountain Rescue Team in the Peak District, helping to fund raise and train others. Vardy was appointed a "Get Outside Champion" by the British Ordnance Survey in 2017, and is an ambassador for the Mountain Heritage Trust.

text:
# Nigel Vardy

**Nigel Vardy** is an English mountaineer whose experiences of recovering from severe frostbite injuries led him to become a motivational speaker and author.

Vardy was rescued after being overtaken by darkness at high altitude on a climb of Denali in Alaska in May 1999, facing temperatures of −76 °F (−60 °C). He suffered severe frostbite and his injuries led to the amputation of all his toes, fingers and his nose. In 2006 a 45-minute documentary was broadcast of his party's incident on Denali for the TV series *I Shouldn't Be Alive*.

Months of recovery followed his accident, but Vardy eventually returned to climbing, explored mountains across the world, and three years later successfully returned to high-altitude climbing by reaching Island Peak in Nepal. In 2014, despite his lack of toes, Vardy reached Gunnbjørn Fjeld, the highest mountain north of the Arctic Circle, as well as undertaking a further mountaineering expedition in Nepal. He also became the first Briton to achieve the "seven peaks-seven islands" challenge, summitting the highest peaks on the world's seven largest islands.

Vardy uses his experiences of rescue, recovery and return to mountaineering as a motivational speaker, and is sometimes known as "Mr. Frostbite". In 2016 *Mountain Rescue* magazine announced that he had become an associate of the Buxton Mountain Rescue Team in the Peak District, helping to fund raise and train others. Vardy was appointed a "Get Outside Champion" by the British Ordnance Survey in 2017, and is an ambassador for the Mountain Heritage Trust.

## Publications

* Vardy, N. (2008). *Once Bitten*. Panoma Press, St Albans. ISBN 978-1905823277
* Vardy, N. (2011). *Seven Peaks – Seven Islands*. Panoma Press, St Albans. ISBN 978-1907722271

## InfoBox

Nigel Vardy
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Main discipline | Mountaineering |
| Nationality | British |


title: Nigel Walker (athlete)

abstract: Nigel Walker is a former Welsh track and field athlete and Wales international rugby union player. He is currently Welsh Rugby Union's acting CEO, after the resignation of Steve Phillips. He was born in Cardiff. Walker represented Great Britain and Northern Ireland at the 1984 Summer Olympics in the 110 metres hurdles. In 1992 however, he failed to make the squad for the 1992 Summer Olympics and turned to rugby union. Walker holds the fastest non-winning time for the 200-metre hurdles. At Cardiff in 1991, he ran 22.77 seconds into a 0.3 m/ As a rugby player, he played on the wing for Cardiff RFC. Walker made his Wales debut on 6 March 1993 in the five nations match against Ireland. He went on to win 17 caps for Wales, scoring 12 tries and making his final appearance 21 February 1998 against England. Walker was a participant in Catchphrase, a Welsh learning programme broadcast on Radio Wales in 2000. Walker was appointed Head of Sport at BBC Wales in 2001. In 2010, Walker became the National Director at the English Institute of Sport (EIS). In 2018, celebrating Black History Month in the United Kingdom, Walker was included in a list of 100 "Brilliant, Black and Welsh" people. Walker left his role at the EIS in Autumn 2021, to take up the position of Performance Director at the Welsh Rugby Union. He became the acting CEO of the WRU in January 2023 following the resignation of Steve Phillips. Contrary to a frequent rumour, he did not participate in Gladiators. Walker dispelled the rumour: "I didn’t compete in Gladiators. It’s a big myth. Glen Webbe did, I didn’t. I have corrected it on Wikipedia three times and it keeps coming back up".

text:
# Nigel Walker (athlete)

**Nigel Walker** (born 15 June 1963) is a former Welsh track and field athlete and Wales international rugby union player. He is currently Welsh Rugby Union's acting CEO, after the resignation of Steve Phillips. He was born in Cardiff.

Walker represented Great Britain and Northern Ireland at the 1984 Summer Olympics in the 110 metres hurdles. In 1992 however, he failed to make the squad for the 1992 Summer Olympics and turned to rugby union. Walker holds the fastest non-winning time for the 200-metre hurdles. At Cardiff in 1991, he ran 22.77 seconds into a 0.3 m/

As a rugby player, he played on the wing for Cardiff RFC. Walker made his Wales debut on 6 March 1993 in the five nations match against Ireland. He went on to win 17 caps for Wales, scoring 12 tries and making his final appearance 21 February 1998 against England.

Walker was a participant in *Catchphrase*, a Welsh learning programme broadcast on Radio Wales in 2000. Walker was appointed Head of Sport at BBC Wales in 2001. In 2010, Walker became the National Director at the English Institute of Sport (EIS). In 2018, celebrating Black History Month in the United Kingdom, Walker was included in a list of 100 "Brilliant, Black and Welsh" people.

Walker left his role at the EIS in Autumn 2021, to take up the position of Performance Director at the Welsh Rugby Union. He became the acting CEO of the WRU in January 2023 following the resignation of Steve Phillips.

Contrary to a frequent rumour, he did not participate in *Gladiators*. Walker dispelled the rumour: "I didn’t compete in Gladiators. It’s a big myth. Glen Webbe did, I didn’t. I have corrected it on Wikipedia three times and it keeps coming back up".

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Representing  Great Britain /  Wales | | | | | |
| 1984 | Olympic Games | Los Angeles, United States | semi-final | 110 m hurdles | 14.07 |
| 1985 | European Indoor Championships | Piraeus, Greece | 5th | 60 m hurdles | 7.72 |
| 1986 | Commonwealth Games | Edinburgh, Scotland | 4th | 110 m hurdles | 13.69 |
| | European Championships | Stuttgart, West Germany | 4th | 110 m hurdles | 13.52 (wind: +2.0 m/s) |
| 1987 | European Indoor Championships | Liévin, France | 3rd | 60 m hurdles | 7.65 |
| | World Indoor Championships | Indianapolis, United States | 3rd | 60 m hurdles | 7.66 |
| | World Championships | Rome, Italy | semi-final | 110 m hurdles | 13.68 |
| 1989 | European Indoor Championships | The Hague, Netherlands | semi-final | 60 m hurdles | 7.80 |
| 1990 | Commonwealth Games | Auckland, New Zealand | 5th | 110 m hurdles | 13.78 |
| | European Championships | Split, Yugoslavia | 12th (sf) | 110 m hurdles | 13.84 (wind: 0.0 m/s) |
| 1991 | World Indoor Championships | Seville, Spain | semi-final | 60 m hurdles | 7.65 |
| 1992 | European Indoor Championships | Genoa, Italy | semi-final | 60 m hurdles | 7.82 |

## InfoBox

Nigel Walker
| Birth name | Nigel Walker |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1963-06-15) 15 June 1963 |
| Place of birth | Cardiff, Wales |
| Height | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) |
| Weight | 79 kg (12 st 6 lb) |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Wing  Senior career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1992-1998 Cardiff  121  (392)  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1993-1998 Wales  17  (60) | |


title: Nik Collection

abstract: The Nik Collection is a suite of photo editing plugins intended for use with a host application, such as Adobe Lightroom, Affinity Photo or DxO PhotoLab.

text:
# Nik Collection

The **Nik Collection** is a suite of photo editing plugins intended for use with a host application, such as Adobe Lightroom, Affinity Photo or DxO PhotoLab.

## History

*Nik Sharpener* and *Nik Color Efex* were developed by Nik Multimedia Inc. in the 1990s as digital photo filters that could be used in Photoshop or as standalone applications. Some years later, in 2003, *Dfine 1.0*, a denoising application and plugin was added to the list of products on offer.

The newly rebranded Nik Software company then added *Viveza* and *Silver Efex* to the offer in 2008, and subsequently bundled all of their award-winning photo editing plugin applications, *Dfine 2.0, Viveza, Color Efex Pro 3.0, Silver Efex Pro* and *Sharpener Pro 3.0* together in a single Collection. The *Complete Collection Ultimate Edition* sold for $599.95 USD and the *Complete Collection for Lightroom and Aperture* for $299.95 USD. *HDR EFex* was added to the collection in 2010.

After acquisition, Google relaunched the collection of six applications, with the new Analog Efex, in 2013 as the *Google Nik Collection* and reduced its price to $150 and then, in 2016, made it completely free to use.

In 2017 Google sold the, now seven-application, collection to DxO Labs for an undisclosed amount. DxO Labs have since added an eighth application: *Perspective Efex.*

In 2023 it was announced that version 6.3 marked the first release of the software built entirely using DxO's own code.

## U Points

U Point technology was originally developed by Nik Software in the early 2000s as a way to make selective adjustments. They realized that making selections in Photoshop was very difficult and time consuming, the tools were often very difficult to learn and even harder to master. The name U Point comes from the idea that 'you', the photographer, simply point at what to adjust in the photo. U-Point algorithms enable selections based on each pixel’s attributes, such as hue, saturation, brightness, and contrast. So, users do not create traditional masks in Nik Collection; instead, using Control Points or Control Lines, they construct sophisticated selections based on pixel attributes.

## Version History

### Version 1.0

Although all of the apps in the initial collection were developed by Nik Software over a number of years it was Google who launched the first *Nik Collection* product in 2013. It comprised Color Efex Pro 4, HDR Efex Pro 2, Silver Efex Pro 2, Dfine 2, Viveza 2, and Sharpener Pro 3.

### Version 2.0

On 4 June 2019, almost 2 years after its acquisition by DxO Labs a second version was released that worked in standalone mode, no longer requiring a host program to function.

### Version 3.0

In June 2020, version 3 was released with an eighth plug-in called Perspective Efex. Very similar to DxO ViewPoint, and often offering features common to the host program, it can correct anamorphosis and other geometric issues as well as offer a "miniature" effect. Nik Collection 3 won the category for Best Photo Software at the EISA awards some months after its release.

### Version 4.0

Version 4 came out in August 2021 with a new UI for Viveza and Silver Efex. The 'U Point' selection engine features precision color selection using chrominance and luminance sliders for adjustment by hue, saturation or brightness. Other new features include a pack of 25 presets and 6 meta presets for use across the suite, as well as DxO's dehazing algorithm, ClearView, and film grain emulations both for Color Efex and Silver Efex.

### Version 5.0

Launched in June 2022, featuring a new UI for Color Efex and Analog Efex, a floating selection palette for Lightroom and Photoshop, ClearView dehazing and grain effects for Color Efex, and U Point preset, luminance, and chrominance controls for Analog and Color Efex.

### Version 6.3

Version 6.0, launched on the 16 May 2023, notable for the introduction of U Point Control Lines, was followed four months later by 6.3, the first release to be entirely authored by DxO since they acquired the code from Google, with the same UI applied to all plugins. Compatible with Apple Silicon, this version handles HiDPI monitors and multiscreening as well as automatically detecting Affinity Photo during installation.

### Version 7.0

Released on the 6 May 2024, the first major release entirely coded by DxO, features only seven plugins following the removal of Perspective Efex. However, new features in Nik Color Efex include HSL filtering, dynamic filters, and access to Viveza as a filter. Upgraded selection tools include polygon and elliptical U Points as well as a new luminosity masking option. Direct plugin-to-plugin switching and the ability export directly from each plugin complete the workflow improvements.

## Awards

* Nik Software Complete Collection won the TIPA Award for Best Photo Software in 2011
* Version 3 of the software won the EISA 2020 Award for Best Photo Editing Software

* Free version of Google Nik Collection download page on Archive.org
* Nik Collection by DxO website

## InfoBox

|
|  |
| Developer(s) | DxO Labs |
| Initial release | 2013 (2013) |
|  | |
| Stable release | 7.0 / 6 May 2024 |
|  | |
| Operating system | macOS, Windows |
| Predecessor | *Nik Software Complete Collection Ultimate Edition*, *Google Nik Collection 1.0* |
| Available in | 5 languages |
| List of languagesEnglish, French, German, Simplified Chinese, Japanese | |
| Type | Image editing, Photo manipulation |
| License | Proprietary <br>(non-subscription) |
| Website | nikcollection.dxo.com |


title: Niko Lozančić

abstract: Niko Lozančić is a Bosnian Croat politician who served as the 7th President of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 27 January 2003 until 22 February 2007. He is a member and former deputy president of the Croatian Democratic Union. Lozančić was also a member of the national House of Representatives from 2007 to 2014. During his time in office, Lozančić served as Chaiman of the House of Representatives two separate times between 2008 and 2010. Professionally, he is a lawyer and a diplomat.

text:
# Niko Lozančić

**Niko Lozančić** (born 3 September 1957) is a Bosnian Croat politician who served as the 7th President of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 27 January 2003 until 22 February 2007.

He is a member and former deputy president of the Croatian Democratic Union. Lozančić was also a member of the national House of Representatives from 2007 to 2014. During his time in office, Lozančić served as Chaiman of the House of Representatives two separate times between 2008 and 2010. Professionally, he is a lawyer and a diplomat.

## InfoBox

| Niko Lozančić | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| 7th President of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
| **In office**
27 January 2003  22 February 2007 | |
| Prime Minister | Alija Behmen
Ahmet Hadžipašić |
| Vice President | Šahbaz Džihanović
Desnica Radivojević |
| Preceded by | Safet Halilović |
| Succeeded by | Borjana Krišto |
| Parliamentary offices   Member of the House of Representatives  **In office**
22 February 2007  9 December 2014 | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1957-09-03) 3 September 1957
Kakanj, PR Bosnia and Herzegovina, FPR Yugoslavia |
| Political party | Croatian Democratic Union |
| Spouse | Sanja Lozančić |
| Children | 5 |
|  | |


title: Nightbird (Paul Carrack album)

abstract: Nightbird is the debut solo studio album by the English singer-songwriter Paul Carrack. It came out in 1980, shortly after Carrack's tenure with Roxy Music, and featured musical contributions from several Roxy session musicians, as well as backing vocals from Carrack's former Ace bandmate Alan "Bam" King. Nightbird was originally released on Vertigo Records in the UK and Europe, and was reissued in 2004 on PolyGram. The album's pre-release single was "Beauty's Only Skin Deep". On that single, it was indicated the album was to be called Showing Off. Shortly after this album was issued, Carrack joined the band Squeeze. He stayed a member of Squeeze for most of 1981 before resuming his solo career.

text:
# Nightbird (Paul Carrack album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***Nightbird*** is the debut solo studio album by the English singer-songwriter Paul Carrack. It came out in 1980, shortly after Carrack's tenure with Roxy Music, and featured musical contributions from several Roxy session musicians, as well as backing vocals (and a songwriting contribution) from Carrack's former Ace bandmate Alan "Bam" King. *Nightbird* was originally released on Vertigo Records in the UK and Europe, and was reissued in 2004 on PolyGram.

The album's pre-release single was "Beauty's Only Skin Deep". On that single, it was indicated the album was to be called *Showing Off*.

Shortly after this album was issued, Carrack joined the band Squeeze. He stayed a member of Squeeze for most of 1981 before resuming his solo career.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Beauty's Only Skin Deep" | Norman Whitfield, Eddie Holland | 2:54 |
| 2. | "There's a Good Chance" | Paul Carrack | 4:14 |
| 3. | "In Love With Me" | Alan "Bam" King, K. White | 4:20 |
| 4. | "Foregone Conclusion" | Carrack | 4:20 |
| 5. | "Love Is All It Takes" | Andy Fraser | 4:21 |
| 6. | "Bet You Never Been in Love" | Carrack | 3:56 |
| 7. | "Where You Going Babe" | Carrack | 4:14 |
| 8. | "You Belong With Me" | Carrack | 4:45 |
| 9. | "The Rumour" | Carrack | 4:12 |
| 10. | "Nightbird" | Carrack | 4:27 |

## Personnel

Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.

### Production

* Producers – Paul Carrack and Phill Brown (all tracks); Alan Callan (tracks 1, 6 & 7).
* Engineer – Phill Brown
* Assistant Engineer – Barry Sage
* Recorded at RG Jones Recording Studios (London, UK).
* Mixed at Basing Street Studios (London, UK).
* Front Cover Photos – Iain McKell (black and white) and Brendan Walsh (color).
* Back Cover Portrait – Mike Prior

## InfoBox

| Nightbird | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Paul Carrack | |
| Released | July 1980 |
| Recorded | January–February 1980 |
| Studio |  |
| Genre | Pop rock, soft rock |
| Length | 41:49 |
| Label | Vertigo |
| Producer | Phill Brown, Paul Carrack, Alan Callan |
| Paul Carrack chronology | |
| ***Nightbird***
(1980) *Suburban Voodoo*
(1982) | |