abstract: The United States under secretary of the Army is the second-highest-ranking civilian official of the United States Department of the Army, serving directly under the United States Secretary of the Army. The Secretary and Under Secretary, together with two military officers, the Chief of Staff of the United States Army and the Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army, constitute the senior leaders of the United States Army. The following officials report to the Under Secretary of the Army: the Assistant Secretary of the Army, the Assistant Secretary of the Army, the Assistant Secretary of the Army, the Assistant Secretary of the Army, the Assistant Secretary of the Army, and the General Counsel of the Army. There is also a Deputy Under Secretary of the Army who assists the Under Secretary in his tasks, including direction of the Army Science Board and the Army Analytics Group, and oversight of the Army's test and evaluation efforts. The position of Under Secretary of the Army was vacant beginning on January 20, 2021. Christopher Lowman was the senior official performing the duties of Under Secretary, pending either the appointment of an Acting Under Secretary or the confirmation of an Under Secretary. On July 13, 2021, President Joe Biden announced he would nominate former Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Manpower and Reserve Affairs Gabriel Camarillo to the post of Undersecretary of the Army. Camarillo was confirmed by voice vote on February 2, 2022.

text:
# United States Under Secretary of the Army

The **United States under secretary of the Army** is the second-highest-ranking civilian official of the United States Department of the Army, serving directly under the United States Secretary of the Army. The Secretary and Under Secretary, together with two military officers, the Chief of Staff of the United States Army and the Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army, constitute the senior leaders of the United States Army.

The following officials report to the Under Secretary of the Army: the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Manpower and Reserve Affairs), the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations, Energy and Environment), the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Civil Works), the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Acquisition, Logistics and Technology), the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Financial Management and Comptroller), and the General Counsel of the Army. There is also a Deputy Under Secretary of the Army who assists the Under Secretary in his tasks, including direction of the Army Science Board and the Army Analytics Group, and oversight of the Army's test and evaluation efforts.

The position of Under Secretary of the Army was vacant beginning on January 20, 2021. Christopher Lowman was the senior official performing the duties of Under Secretary, pending either the appointment of an Acting Under Secretary or the confirmation of an Under Secretary. On July 13, 2021, President Joe Biden announced he would nominate former Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Manpower and Reserve Affairs Gabriel Camarillo to the post of Undersecretary of the Army. Camarillo was confirmed by voice vote on February 2, 2022.

## History

The office was created in 1947 as part of the general reorganization of the United States Armed Forces occasioned by the National Security Act of 1947. The office was initially styled "Under Secretary of War" and was created by Department of War General Order 67, dated July 25, 1947. Three weeks later, on August 16, 1947, Department of War Circular 225 redesignated the position as "Under Secretary of the Army".

## List of Under Secretaries of the Army

The following men have held the post:

| No. | Portrait | Name | Term start | Term end | President(s) served under |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 |  | William Henry Draper Jr. | September 18, 1947 | February 28, 1949 | Harry S. Truman |
| 2 |  | Gordon Gray | May 1949 | June 1949 | |
| 3 |  | Tracy Voorhees | August 1949 | April 1950 | |
| 4 |  | Archibald S. Alexander | May 1950 | April 1952 | |
| 5 |  | Karl R. Bendesten | May 1952 | October 1952 | |
| 6 |  | Earl D. Johnson | October 1952 | January 1954 |  |
| 7 |  | John Slezak | February 1954 | January 1955 | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| 8 |  | Charles C. Finucane | February 1955 | April 1958 | |
| 9 |  | Hugh M. Milton II | August 1958 | January 1961 | |
| 10 |  | Stephen Ailes | February 1961 | January 1964 |  |
| 11 |  | Paul Robert Ignatius | February 1964 | December 1964 | Lyndon B. Johnson |
| 12 |  | Stanley Rogers Resor | April 1965 | July 1965 | |
| 13 |  | David E. McGiffert | November 1965 | February 1969 |  |
| 14 |  | Thaddeus Beal | March 1969 | September 1971 | Richard Nixon |
| 15 |  | Kenneth E. BeLieu | September 1971 | June 1973 | |
| 16 |  | Herman R. Staudt | October 1973 | May 1975 | Gerald Ford |
| 17 |  | Norman Ralph Augustine | May 1975 | July 1977 |  |
| 18 |  | Walter B. LaBerge | July 1977 | February 27, 1980 | Jimmy Carter |
| 19 |  | Robert Harry Spiro Jr. | February 28, 1980 | October 6, 1981 |  |
| 20 |  | James R. Ambrose | October 7, 1981 | February 1988 | Ronald Reagan |
| 21 |  | Michael P. W. Stone | May 1988 | August 14, 1989 | George H.W. Bush |
| 22 |  | John W. Shannon | August 14, 1989 | November 23, 1993 |  |
| 23 |  | Joe R. Reeder | November 24, 1993 | November 12, 1997 | Bill Clinton |
| 24 |  | Robert M. Walker | November 13, 1997 | October 15, 1998 | |
| 25 |  | Bernard D. Rostker | November 1998 | May 23, 2000 | |
| 26 |  | Gregory R. Dahlberg | May 23, 2000 | March 4, 2001 |  |
| 27 |  | Les Brownlee | November 10, 2001 | December 16, 2004 | George W. Bush |
| 28 |  | Raymond F. DuBois | February 18, 2005 | February 20, 2006 | |
| 28 |  | Pete Geren | February 21, 2006 | July 23, 2007 | |
| 29 |  | Nelson M. Ford | July 24, 2007 | January 20, 2009 | |
| 30 |  | Joseph W. Westphal | September 21, 2009 | March 28, 2014 | Barack Obama |
| 31 |  | Brad Carson | March 28, 2014 | June 30, 2015 | |
|  |  | Eric Fanning (acting) | June 30, 2015 | November 3, 2015 | |
|  |  | Thomas E. Hawley (acting) | November 3, 2015 | December 17, 2015 | |
| 32 |  | Patrick Murphy | December 18, 2015 | January 20, 2017 | |
|  |  | Karl F. Schneider (acting) | January 20, 2017 | July 31, 2017 | Donald Trump |
| 33 |  | Ryan McCarthy | August 1, 2017 | September 30, 2019
Serving as Acting Secretary of the Army: July 23, 2019 – September 30, 2019 | |
| 34 |  | James E. McPherson | July 23, 2019 (acting) | March 25, 2020 (acting) | |
| | | | March 25, 2020 | January 20, 2021 | |
|  |  | Christopher Lowman (acting) | January 20, 2021 | February 7, 2022 | Joe Biden |
| 35 |  | Gabriel Camarillo | February 8, 2022 | *Incumbent* | |
|

## InfoBox

| Under Secretary of the Army | |
| --- | --- |
| Seal of the Department | |
| Flag of the Under Secretary | |
| Incumbent
Gabriel Camarillo
since February 8, 2022 | |
| United States Department of the Army | |
| Style | Mr. Under Secretary |
| Reports to | Secretary of the Army |
| Appointer | The President
with Senate advice and consent |
| Term length | No fixed term |
| Formation | September 18, 1947 |
| First holder | William Henry Draper Jr. |
| Succession | 18th in SecDef succession |
| Salary | Executive Schedule, level III |
| Website | www.army.mil |


title: University College of Jubail

abstract: Jubail University College, an affiliate of the Royal Commission for Jubail & Yanbu in Saudi Arabia, was established in 2006. It aims to achieve the objectives of the Royal Commission in developing human resources, and seeks to provide Saudi manpower with higher education and training, so that they can properly manage the Kingdom's growing economy in its various sectors. JUC offers accredited undergraduate through post-graduate degrees in the arts and sciences, and has been regionally and nationally recognized for "...providing students with transformative educational experiences that are responsive to the needs of the community". The college has several research centers and laboratories that focus on topics such as renewable energy, water desalination, and advanced manufacturing.

text:
# University College of Jubail

**Jubail University College**, an affiliate of the Royal Commission for Jubail & Yanbu in Saudi Arabia, was established in 2006. It aims to achieve the objectives of the Royal Commission in developing human resources, and seeks to provide Saudi manpower with higher education and training, so that they can properly manage the Kingdom's growing economy in its various sectors.

JUC offers accredited undergraduate through post-graduate degrees in the arts and sciences, and has been regionally and nationally recognized for "...providing students with transformative educational experiences that are responsive to the needs of the community". The college has several research centers and laboratories that focus on topics such as renewable energy, water desalination, and advanced manufacturing.

1. "About Jubail University College".

## InfoBox

Jubail University College
| Established | 2006 (2006) |
| --- | --- |
| Affiliation | Royal Commission for Jubail & Yanbu |
| Location | Jubail, Saudi Arabia |


abstract: Anna University - Pattukottai Campus, Rajamadam (AU-PKT), Rajamadam, Pattukottai is a University Affiliated - University College (or) Campus of Anna University of Technology, Tiruchirappalli established on 15.09.09 at Rajamadam, Pattukkottai Taluk, Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India. Now it is a part of Anna University

text:
# University College of Engineering, Pattukkottai

**Anna University - Pattukottai Campus, Rajamadam** (**AU-PKT**), Rajamadam, Pattukottai is a University Affiliated - University College (or) Campus of Anna University of Technology, Tiruchirappalli established on 15.09.09 at Rajamadam, Pattukkottai Taluk, Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India. Now it is a part of Anna University

## Academics

Anna University - Pattukottai Campus, Rajamadam offers 5 courses and it has 7 branches

| Academic degree | Course | Duration | No of Seats | Affiliation | Established | Approval |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bachelor of Engineering | Mechanical Engineering (English and Tamil medium) | 8 Years | 360 | Anna University | 2009 and CSE in 2015 | All India Council for Technical Education & All India Council for Technical Education |
| | Civil engineering (English and Tamil medium) | | | | | |
| | Electrical and Electronics Engineering | | | | | |
| | Electronics and Communications Engineering | | | | | |

## Students' association

The students of the Main Campus have formed an association to involve in various academic and extra curricular activities. association of mechanical engineering department: started by 2009-2013 batch the pattukkottai campus, and 2014 Mechanical Engineering Association had conducted the Technical Symposium and National Robotics Championship 2014.

## InfoBox

University College of Engineering, Pattukottai
| Motto | There is no substitute for Hard Work |
| --- | --- |
| Type | University Affiliated - University College (or) Campus |
| Established | 15 September 2009 |
| Location | Rajamadam, Pattukkottai Taluk, Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India<br>10°18′43″N 79°20′52″E / 10.3120218°N 79.3477249°E / 10.3120218; 79.3477249 |
| Nickname | AU-PKT (Anna university Pattukottai) |
| Affiliations | Anna University |
| Website | www.tau.edu.in |


title: University College of Medical Sciences

abstract: University College of Medical Sciences (UCMS) is a medical college in Delhi, India, affiliated with the University of Delhi. It is associated with Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, which serves as the teaching hospital.

text:
# University College of Medical Sciences

28°36′28.0332″N 77°8′21.7320″E / 28.607787000°N 77.139370000°E / 28.607787000; 77.139370000

**University College of Medical Sciences** (**UCMS**) is a medical college in Delhi, India, affiliated with the University of Delhi. It is associated with Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, which serves as the teaching hospital.

## History

The University College of Medical Sciences was founded in 1971 by efforts of the Health Minister of Delhi. The Health Ministry proposed to provide medical education to every student who qualified. Even with the presence of two medical colleges in Delhi, MAMC and LHMC, many students were denied the opportunity to study medicine. In 1971, classes for the new college started in the makeshift Department of Chemistry on the North Campus of University of Delhi. The students had their clinical postings for practicals at the Safdarjung Hospital for 125 students. Additional 50 students were sent to Lala Lajpat Rai Memorial Medical College, at Meerut in Uttar Pradesh. Shortly afterwards, UCMS moved to Safdarjung Hospital in South Delhi. In 1986, UCMS moved to its present location at Dilshad Garden and became associated with Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital.

On 5 April 2006, the Human Resources Development Minister of India, Arjun Singh, announced that the government intended to introduce reservations for Other Backward Classes at 27% in central institutions, including IITs, IIMs, NITs, AIIMS, Maharaja Agrasen Medical College, Agroha, UCMS, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research. Students at UCMS, and the other three Delhi medical schools, who were concerned about the reservation system and considered it a political gimmick, started a protest forum called Youth For Equality.

## Form

The college offers medical & paramedical courses, and caters to the health care needs for the East Delhi community and surrounding border areas. The institute is a network centre for the National Brain Research Centre and serves as the nodal centre for AIDS and Safdarjung Hospitals. It is one of the three public trauma centres in Delhi, in addition to Susruta Trauma Centre and Jai Prakash Narayana Trauma Centre at AIIMS, and is fully equipped with a burns ward.

UCMS was the first Indian medical college to start a Medical Humanities Group, and it organised the first 'Theatre of the Oppressed' workshop for medical students in India in 2011.

## Rankings

| University and college rankings | |
| --- | --- |
| Medical – India | |
| NIRF (2023) | 36 |
| *India Today* (2022) | 10 |

UCMS was ranked 10th among medical colleges in India in 2022 by *India Today*. The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) ranked it 36 among medical colleges in 2023.

## Campus

UCMS has a huge campus, which includes the Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital (GTB). GTB hospital acts as training hospital and has 1000 beds. It provides facilities like a central workshop, animal house, hospital laboratory services unit, hostel, medical illustration and photography, medical education unit, skill lab and canteen. The college also has technological facilities which include audio-video, telemedicine, electronic assessment.

### Library

The UCMS houses a central library and 17 departmental libraries with a large volume of teaching and learning resources, which support teaching, research and extension programs of the college. There are over 16,000 books and WHO publications, 18,000 volumes of journals, and 400 theses.

### Hostel

There are two hostels, one each for boys and girls. There are also some other residential buildings on the campus for staff and other members.

## Departments

There are twenty-one departments at the college: Anaesthesiology, Anatomy, Biochemistry, Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Community Medicine, Dentistry, Dermatology, Forensic Medicine, Medicine, Microbiology and Gynaecology, Ophthalmology, Orthopaedics, Otorhinolaryngology, Paediatrics, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Psychiatry, Radiology, Surgery.

## Notable people

### Notable alumni

### Notable faculty

## InfoBox

University College of Medical Sciences
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Government |
| Established | 1971 |
| Affiliation | University of Delhi |
| Principal | Dr. Piyush Gupta |
| Location | Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, India |
| Campus | Urban |
| Nickname | UCMS |
| Website | Official website |


title: University Health Truman Medical Center

abstract: University Health Truman Medical Center, previously Truman Medical Center–Hospital Hill, is an 238-bed acute care and outpatient hospital located in Kansas City, Missouri. University Health Truman Medical Center has one of the busiest adult emergency departments (EDs) in the Kansas City metropolitan area with more than 60,000 visits a year. It is located in Downtown Kansas City, across from Children's Mercy Hospital and connected via a skybridge, having access for pediatric transfers when necessary. The hospital is affiliated with the University of Missouri–Kansas City (UMKC) School of Medicine and provides training base for its four- and six-year medical programs. The facility is equipped with diverse fields of services including ED, general surgery, orthopedic surgery, cardiology, and radiology.

text:
# University Health Truman Medical Center

**University Health Truman Medical Center**, previously **Truman Medical Center–Hospital Hill** (abbreviated **TMC Hospital Hill**), is an 238-bed acute care and outpatient hospital located in Kansas City, Missouri.

University Health Truman Medical Center has one of the busiest adult emergency departments (EDs) in the Kansas City metropolitan area with more than 60,000 visits a year. It is located in Downtown Kansas City, across from Children's Mercy Hospital and connected via a skybridge, having access for pediatric transfers when necessary.

The hospital is affiliated with the University of Missouri–Kansas City (UMKC) School of Medicine and provides training base for its four- and six-year medical programs.

The facility is equipped with diverse fields of services including ED, general surgery, orthopedic surgery, cardiology, and radiology.

## History

The origins of University Health Truman Medical Center began in 1870 with the construction of City Hospital at 22nd Street and McCoy Avenue (now Kenwood Avenue) in Kansas City.

Voters approved a bond issue in 1903 to fund the construction of a new larger General Hospital because the 175-bed hospital was deemed insufficient for the growing city.

In 1905, Thomas Swope donated 4.5 acres of land on Gillham Road between 23rd and 24th Streets.

In 1908, the new 600-bed General Hospital opened.

A new racially segregated hospital was built in 1930, with old General Hospital No. 1 being for white patients and new General Hospital No. 2 becoming the "colored division".

The hospitals merged in 1957, and the newly integrated hospital eventually became the teaching hospital for the newly established University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC) Medical School.

The hospital officially opened at its present-day location in 1976.

On December 30, 1986, a fire ignited in a patient's room in the hospital due to smoking, ultimately resulting in the death of two patients. The fire caused the evacuation of over 50 patients, and several staff members and medical students required treatment for smoke inhalation.

In 2021, the hospital changed its name from Truman Medical Center-Hospital Hill to University Health Truman Medical Center.

## InfoBox

| University Health Truman Medical Center | |
| --- | --- |
| University Health Truman Medical Center is on Hospital Hill. The catwalk on the right connects to the Hospital Hill Center and the Diagnostic and Testing Center. | |
|  | |
| Geography | |
| Location | 2301 Holmes Street, Kansas City, Missouri, US |
| Coordinates | 39°5′3″N 94°34′35″W / 39.08417°N 94.57639°W / 39.08417; -94.57639 |
| Organisation | |
| Affiliated university | University of Missouri–Kansas City (UMKC) School of Medicine |
| Services | |
| Emergency department | Level I trauma center |
| Beds | 238 |
| Helipad | FAA LID: **MO05** |
| History | |
| Former name(s) | Truman Medical Center–Hospital Hill |
| Opened | 1870 |
| Links | |
| Website | www.universityhealthkc.org |


abstract: University Health Lakewood Medical Center is a 110-bed acute care and outpatient hospital located in Kansas City, Missouri.

text:
# University Health Lakewood Medical Center

**University Health Lakewood Medical Center** is a 110-bed acute care and outpatient hospital located in Kansas City, Missouri.

## History

The origins of University Health Lakewood Medical Center began in 1851 with the purchase of 160 acres in eastern Jackson County, Missouri to create a "poor farm" by the Jackson County courts to "care for poor persons". In 1906, a $250,000 bond issue was passed to build a hospital on the poor farm site. The cornerstone was laid for Patterson Hall, later known as "The Jackson County Home for the Aged and Infirm" in 1908. In 1928, Jackson County Court presiding judge Harry S. Truman advocated for the establishment of a public hospital in addition to the existing care home. On October 24, 1930, the 88-bed hospital was opened to the public and by 1937, the "Rural Jackson County Emergency Hospital" was providing 24-hour emergency services. In 1976, the Jackson County legislature changed the name of the hospital to Truman Medical Center-East. The hospital has undergone several expansions, including a $24 million expansion between 1995 and 1997, and a $38 million 175,000-square foot expansion in 2003. In 2021, the hospital changed its name to University Health Lakewood Medical Center.

## Facilities

In addition to traditional hospital facilities, the hospital also houses an onsite dental clinic and the University Health Lakewood Care Center, a 188-bed long-term care facility.

## InfoBox

| University Health Lakewood Medical Center | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Geography | |
| Location | 7900 Lee's Summit Road, Kansas City, Missouri, United States |
| Coordinates | 38°58′31″N 94°23′40″W / 38.97528°N 94.39444°W / 38.97528; -94.39444 |
| Services | |
| Emergency department | Yes |
| Beds | 110 |
| Helipad | FAA LID: **7MO0** |
| History | |
| Former name(s) | Truman Medical Center-Lakewood |
| Links | |
| Website | www.universityhealthkc.org/locations/university-health-lakewood-medical-center/ |
| Lists | Hospitals in Missouri |


title: University Hall and Cottages

abstract: The University Hall and Cottages is a heritage-listed former hotel and now student accommodation located at 281–285 Broadway in the inner western Sydney suburb of Glebe in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

text:
# University Hall and Cottages

The **University Hall and Cottages** is a heritage-listed former hotel and now student accommodation located at 281–285 Broadway in the inner western Sydney suburb of Glebe in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

## History

### History of the area

The Leichhardt area was originally inhabited by the Wangal clan of Aboriginal People. After 1788, diseases such as smallpox and the loss of their hunting grounds caused huge reductions in their numbers and they moved further inland. Since European settlement the foreshores of Blackwattle Bay and Rozelle Bay have developed a unique maritime, industrial and residential character, a character which continues to evolve as areas which were originally residential estates, then industrial areas, are redeveloped for residential units and parklands.

The first formal grant in the Glebe area was a 162-hectare (400-acre) grant to Rev. Richard Johnson, the colony's first chaplain, in 1789. The Glebe (land allocated for the maintenance of a church minister) comprised rolling shale hills covering sandstone, with several sandstone cliff faces. The ridges were drained by several creeks including Blackwattle Creek, Orphan School Creek and Johnston Creek. Extensive swampland surrounded the creeks. On the shale ridges, heavily timbered woodlands contained several varieties of eucalypts while the swamplands and tidal mudflats had mangroves, swamp oaks (*Casuarina glauca*) and blackwattles (*Callicoma serratifolia*) after which the bay is named. Blackwattle Swamp was first mentioned by surveyors in the 1790s and Blackwattle Swamp Bay in 1807. By 1840 it was called Blackwattle Bay. Boat parties collected wattles and reeds for the building of huts, and kangaroos and emus were hunted by the early settlers who called the area the Kangaroo Ground. Rozelle Bay is thought to have been named after a schooner which once moored in its waters.

Johnson's land remained largely undeveloped until 1828, when the Church and School Corporation subdivided it into 28 lots, three of which they retained for church use. The Church sold 27 allotments in 1828, north on the point and south around Broadway. The Church kept the middle section where the Glebe Estate is now. Up until the 1970s the Glebe Estate was in the possession of the Church.

On the point the sea breezes attracted the wealthy who built villas. The Broadway end attracted slaughterhouses and boiling down works that used the creek draining to Blackwattle Swamp. Smaller working-class houses were built around these industries. Abbattoirs were built there from the 1860s. When Glebe was made a municipality in 1859 there were pro and anti-municipal clashes in the streets. From 1850 Glebe was dominated by wealthier interests.

Reclaiming the swamp, Wentworth Park opened in 1882 as a cricket ground and lawn bowls club. Rugby union football was played there in the late 19th century. The dog racing started in 1932. In the early 20th century modest villas were broken up into boarding houses as they were elsewhere in the inner city areas. The wealthier moved into the suburbs which were opening up through the railways. Up until the 1950s Sydney was the location for working class employment, it was a port and industrial city. By the 1960s central Sydney was becoming a corporate city with service-based industries, capital intensive not labour-intensive. A shift in demographics occurred, with younger professionals and technical and administrative people servicing the corporate city wanting to live close by. Housing was coming under threat and the heritage conservation movement was starting. The Fish Markets arrived in the 1970s. An influx of students came to Glebe in the 1960s and 1970s.

### University Hotel

Originally the University Hotel, University Hall is home to students from the nearby University of Sydney. In c.1990 the University Hall was renovated and expanded for use as apartments.

### Cottages

## Heritage listing

As at 22 February 2013, the townscape is significant as a landmark building that serves as "the gateway to Glebe" located at the junction of Broadway, Parramatta Road, and Glebe Point Road. The 1837 earlier building was sited in expectation of a proposed new railway. The ballroom roof truss construction is a significant example of building technology and design. Terraces are rare surviving early residential buildings. The hotel was built between 1889 and 1890.

The University Hall and Cottages was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

### Bibliography

* "Preservation Heritage Walk". 2007.
* Anglin Associates and Knox & Tanner (1989). *The Glebe Point Road Project Urban Design Study Project Update*.
* Anglin Associates, Knox & Tanner (1990). *Glebe Point Road Urban Design Study*.
* Attraction Homepage (2007). "Preservation Heritage Walk" (PDF).
* Bechervaise & Associates (1991). *Glebe Point Road Main Street Study Stage 2*.

### Attribution

This Wikipedia article was originally based on University Hall & Cottages, entry number 128 in the New South Wales State Heritage Register published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under CC-BY 4.0 licence, accessed on 13 October 2018.

## InfoBox

| University Hall and Cottages | |
| --- | --- |
| University Hall and Cottages, 281-285 Broadway, New South Wales | |
| Location | 281–285 Broadway, Glebe, City of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| Coordinates | 33°53′04″S 151°11′33″E / 33.8844°S 151.1924°E / -33.8844; 151.1924 |
| Built | 18371890 |
|  | |
| New South Wales Heritage Register | |
| Official name | University Hall & Cottages |
| Type | State heritage (built) |
| Designated | 2 April 1999 |
| Reference no. | 128 |
| Type | Hotel |
| Category | Commercial |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of University Hall and Cottages in Sydney | |


title: Up Through the Years

abstract: Up Through the Years is a compilation album by Jim Reeves, released in 1965 on RCA Victor. According to an RCA Victor advertisement in Billboard, the album contains "12 songs that trace Jim's career." The album spent two weeks on the top of the Billboard country albums chart in October 1965.

text:
# Up Through the Years

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Billboard* | positive ("Spotlight" pick) |

***Up Through the Years*** is a compilation album by Jim Reeves, released in 1965 on RCA Victor.

According to an RCA Victor advertisement in *Billboard*, the album contains "12 songs that trace Jim's career."

The album spent two weeks on the top of the *Billboard* country albums chart in October 1965.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "I Know One" | Jack Clement |  |
| 2. | "Tweedle O'Twill" | Gene Autry / Fred Rose |  |
| 3. | "Little Ole You" | Dave Burgess / Jim Reeves |  |
| 4. | "Bimbo" | Rod Morris |  |
| 5. | "Pride Goes Before a Fall" | Leon Payne |  |
| 6. | "Ichabod Crane" | Jim Reeves |  |
| 7. | "Young Hearts" | Roy Bennett / Sid Tepper |  |
| 8. | "That's a Sad Affair" | Redd Stewart |  |
| 9. | "Jimbo Jenkins" | Bobby Garrett / Jim Reeves |  |
| 10. | "Two Shadows on Your Window" | Steve Gibson / R. Taylor |  |
| 11. | "I'm Hurtin' Inside" | Cy Coben |  |
| 12. | "Nooientjie van die ou Transvaal" | Taffy Kikillus |  |

## Charts

| Chart (1965) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Top Country Albums (*Billboard*) | 1 |

## InfoBox

| Up Through the Years | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Jim Reeves | |
| Released | 1965 |
| Genre | Country |
| Label | RCA Victor |
| Jim Reeves chronology | |
| *The Jim Reeves Way*
(1965) ***Up Through the Years***
(1965) *The Best of Jim Reeves Vol. II*
(1965) | |


title: Uriel Frisch

abstract: Uriel Frisch is a French mathematical physicist known for his work on fluid dynamics and turbulence.

text:
# Uriel Frisch

**Uriel Frisch** (born in Agen, in France, on December 10, 1940) is a French mathematical physicist known for his work on fluid dynamics and turbulence.

## Biography

From 1959 to 1963 Frisch was a student at the École Normale Supérieure. Early in his graduate studies, he became interested in turbulence, under the mentorship of Robert Kraichnan, a former assistant to Albert Einstein. Frisch earned a Ph.D. in 1967 from the University of Paris, and since then he has worked at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS). He retired in 2006, and became a director of research emeritus at CNRS.

Frisch's wife Hélène is also a physicist, and the grand daughter of mathematician Paul Lévy.

## Research

Frisch is the author of a 1995 book on turbulence and of over 200 research publications.

One of his most cited works, published in 1986, concerns the lattice gas automaton method of simulating fluid dynamics using a cellular automaton. The method used until that time, the HPP model, simulated particles moving in axis-parallel directions in a square lattice, but this model was unsatisfactory because it obeyed unwanted and unphysical conservation laws (the conservation of momentum within each axis-parallel line). Frisch and his co-authors Brosl Hasslacher and Yves Pomeau introduced a model using instead the hexagonal lattice which became known as the FHP model after the initials of its inventors and which much more accurately simulated the behavior of actual fluids.

Frisch is also known for his work with Giorgio Parisi on the analysis of the fine structure of turbulent flows, for his early advocacy of multifractal systems in modeling physical processes, and for his research on using transportation theory to reconstruct the distribution of matter in the early universe.

## Awards and honors

Frisch won the Peccot Prize of the Collège de France for his doctoral thesis in 1967, the Bazin Prize of the French Academy of Sciences in 1985, and the Lewis Fry Richardson Medal of the European Geosciences Union "for his fundamental contributions to the understanding of turbulence" in 2003. He is a member of the French Academy of Sciences since 2008. He is an Officier of the Ordre national du Mérite and the recipient of the 2010 Modesto Panetti e Carlo Ferrari prize. In 2020 he has been awarded with the prize EUROMECH, provided by the European Mechanics Society.

## Selected publications

* Frisch, U.; Hasslacher, B.; Pomeau, Y. (1986), "Lattice-gas automata for the Navier-Stokes equation", *Phys. Rev. Lett.*, **56** (14): 1505–1508, Bibcode:1986PhRvL..56.1505F, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.1505, PMID 10032689.
* Frisch, Uriel (1995). *Turbulence. The legacy of A. N. Kolmogorov*. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-45103-5. MR 1428905.
* Frisch, U.; Matarrese, S.; Mohayaee, R; Sobolevski, A. (2002). "A reconstruction of the initial conditions of the universe by optimal mass transportation". *Nature*. **417** (6886): 260–262. arXiv:astro-ph/0109483. Bibcode:2002Natur.417..260F. doi:10.1038/417260a. PMID 12015595. S2CID 4379455.

## Further reading


title: Marc Prensky

abstract: Marc Prensky is an American writer and speaker on education. He is best known as the creator of the terms "digital native" and "digital immigrant" which he described in a 2001 article in On the Horizon. Prensky holds degrees from Oberlin College (1966), Middlebury College, Yale University (1968) and the Harvard Business School (1980). He is the author of seven books: Digital Game-Based Learning, Don't Bother Me Mom – I'm Learning, Teaching Digital Natives, From Digital Natives to Digital Wisdom: Hopeful Essays for 21st Century Learning (2012), Brain Gain: Technology and the Quest for Digital Wisdom (2012), The World Needs a New Curriculum, Education To Better Their World: Unleashing the power of 21st century kids and 100 essays on learning and education. Prensky also designed the first first-person-shooter game for corporate training and a suite of eight learning game templates Prensky began his career as a teacher in Harlem, New York. He has taught in elementary school,, high school, and college and in the mid-1970s he also earned money playing his lute in a classical music restaurant/bar. He worked for six years (1981-1987) as a corporate strategist and product development director with the Boston Consulting Group, and six years (1993-1999) for Bankers Trust on Wall St., where he created game-based training for financial traders, and started an internal division, Corporate Gameware, later spun out as games2train.

text:
# Marc Prensky

**Marc Prensky** (born March 15, 1946, New York City, United States) is an American writer and speaker on education. He is best known as the creator of the terms "digital native" and "digital immigrant" which he described in a 2001 article in *On the Horizon*.

Prensky holds degrees from Oberlin College (1966), Middlebury College (MA, 1967), Yale University (1968) and the Harvard Business School (1980). He is the author of seven books: *Digital Game-Based Learning* (McGraw-Hill 2001), *Don't Bother Me Mom – I'm Learning* (Paragon House 2006), *Teaching Digital Natives* (Corwin Press 2010), *From Digital Natives to Digital Wisdom: Hopeful Essays for 21st Century Learning* (2012), *Brain Gain: Technology and the Quest for Digital Wisdom* (2012), *The World Needs a New Curriculum* (The Global Future Education Foundation, 2014), *Education To Better Their World: Unleashing the power of 21st century kids* (Teachers College Press, 2016) and 100 essays on learning and education. Prensky also designed the first first-person-shooter game for corporate training (Straight Shooter, 1987) and a suite of eight learning game templates (For Corporate Gameware in 1996.)

Prensky began his career as a teacher in Harlem, New York. He has taught in elementary school, (New Haven, Connecticut), high school (New York, New York), and college (Wagner College, Staten Island, New York) and in the mid-1970s he also earned money playing his lute in a classical music restaurant/bar. He worked for six years (1981-1987) as a corporate strategist and product development director with the Boston Consulting Group, and six years (1993-1999) for Bankers Trust on Wall St., where he created game-based training for financial traders, and started an internal division, Corporate Gameware, later spun out as games2train.

## Focus and research

Prensky's professional focus is on K-12 education reform. His books address tools (Digital Game-Based Learning), pedagogy (Teaching Digital Natives), curriculum (The World Needs a New Curriculum) and the entire k-12 system (Education to Better Their World.)

Prensky is a strong advocate for listening more carefully to what students say about their own education. In his speaking engagements he has conducted approximately 100 student panels in 40 countries.

He has been named a "guiding star of the new parenting movement" by Parental Intelligence Newsletter.

## Criticism

Bax (2011) has written that Prensky's views are simplistic, that his terminology is open to challenge and that his claim that educators should simply alter their approach to suit young people who are 'digital natives' ignores essential elements of the nature of learning and good pedagogy. *The Economist* (2010) questioned whether the designation of the 'digital native' has any real-world usefulness.

Prensky responds that: "The distinction between digital natives and digital immigrants is important because it is more cultural than technology-knowledge-based. ‘Digital Immigrants’ grew up in a non-digital, pre-Internet culture before they experienced the digital one. 'Digital Natives' know only the digital culture." Prensky further argues that "the fields of education and pedagogy have today become needlessly and painfully over-complicated, ignoring our students' (and our world’s) real needs. It is time to reassess what good and effective teaching means in a digital age and how to combine what is important from the past with the tools of the future." Prensky argues that "despite recent influxes of technology into schools, not enough attention is being paid to the full implications of all the important recent changes in our educational environment and context".

## Books

Prensky’s books include:-

* *Digital Game-Based Learning*
* *Don't Bother Me Mom — I'm Learning*
* *Teaching Digital Natives — Partnering for Real Learning*
* *From Digital Natives to Digital Wisdom: Hopeful Essays for 21st Century Learning*
* *Brain Gain: Technology and the Quest for Digital Wisdom*
* *The World Needs a New Curriculum*
* *Education To Better Their World: Unleashing the Power of 21st Century Kids*

## Volumes edited

* *Games and Simulation in Online Learning* (with Gibson)

## InfoBox

| Marc Prensky | |
| --- | --- |
| Prensky in 2011 | |
| Born | (1946-03-15) March 15, 1946
New York City, New York, United States |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | Oberlin College
Yale University
Harvard Business School |
| Occupation(s) | Author, Speaker |


title: Marcus Hansson

abstract: Marcus Hansson is a Swedish former professional motocross racer. He won the 1994 500cc Grand Prix Motocross World Championship. Born in Borås, Sweden, Hansson rode a Honda to win the F.I.M. 500cc motocross world championship in 1994, defeating Jacky Martens and Joël Smets. He retired from racing after being injured in a supercross race in 1995. Hansson was the last Swedish rider to win a motocross world championship.

text:
# Marcus Hansson

**Marcus Hansson** (born 18 October 1969) is a Swedish former professional motocross racer. He won the 1994 500cc Grand Prix Motocross World Championship.

Born in Borås, Sweden, Hansson rode a Honda to win the F.I.M. 500cc motocross world championship in 1994, defeating Jacky Martens and Joël Smets. He retired from racing after being injured in a supercross race in 1995. Hansson was the last Swedish rider to win a motocross world championship.

## InfoBox

| Marcus Hansson | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Swedish |
| Born | 18 October 1969 (1969-10-18) (age 54)<br>Borås, Sweden |
| Motocross career | |
| Years active | 1990 - 1995 |
| Teams | Honda |
| Championships | 500cc - 1994 |
| Wins | 5 |


title: United States v. Ruiz

abstract: United States v. Ruiz, 536 U.S. 622 (2002), was a decision by the United States Supreme Court in which the Court held that Brady v. Maryland did not require prosecutors to disclose impeachment evidence during plea bargaining.

text:
# United States v. Ruiz

***United States v. Ruiz***, 536 U.S. 622 (2002), was a decision by the United States Supreme Court in which the Court held that *Brady v. Maryland* did not require prosecutors to disclose impeachment evidence during plea bargaining.

## Opinion

In *Ruiz*, the defendant sought to vacate her sentence because a plea deal she had been offered, which she rejected, included a waiver of their right to impeachment information related to informants or witnesses. The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit granted the vacatur, finding that a plea is not voluntary unless the prosecution disclosed impeachment information to the defendant. This constituted a violation of the rule in *United States v. Brady* that pleas have to be voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently made.

The Supreme Court reversed the Ninth Circuit and gave three primary reasons for doing so. First, the Court stated that "impeachment information is special in relation to the *fairness of a trial,* not in respect to whether a plea is *voluntary."* Second, the Court cited court precedent finding that voluntariness in the plea context did not require "complete knowledge of the relevant circumstances" on the part of the defendant. Finally, the Court stated that such an obligation "could seriously interfere with the Government's interest in securing those guilty pleas that are factually justified, desired by defendants, and help to secure the efficient administration of justice."

## Subsequent developments

Because *Ruiz* referred to *Brady* disclosures as a "trial-related" right, it raised questions as to whether *Brady* required the disclosure of exculpatory evidence during plea bargaining. By 2010, at least three circuit court of appeals relied upon *Ruiz* to hold that *Brady* did not. While the majority of courts have not expanded *Ruiz* further than its holding related to impeachment evidence, the debate about exculpatory evidence has continued in scholarship.

1. *U.S. v. Ruiz*, 536 U.S. 622, 626-32 (2002).
2. Gabriella Castellano, *The "Critical Stage" of Plea-Bargaining and Disclosure of Exculpatory Evidence*, 65 N.Y.L. Sch. L. Rev. 105 =, 114 (2021)
3. Jenny Roberts, *Too Little, Too Late: Ineffective Assistance of Counsel, the Duty to Investigate, and Pretrial Discovery in Criminal Cases*, 31 Fordham Urb. L.J. 1097, 1141 (2004)
4. Wayne R. LaFave et al., Criminal Procedure §24.3(b) (4th ed. 2021).

## InfoBox

| United States v. Ruiz | |
| --- | --- |
| Supreme Court of the United States | |
| Full case name | *United States v. Ruiz* |
| Citations | 536 U.S. 622 (*more*) |
| Case opinions | |
| Majority | Breyer, joined by Rehnquist, Stevens, O'Connor, Scalia, Kennedy, Souter, Ginsburg |
| Concurrence | Thomas |
| Laws applied | |
| U.S. Const. amend. XIV | |


title: United States v. Rogers

abstract: United States v. Rogers, 45 U.S. 567 (1846), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States holding that a white man, adopted into an Indian tribe, does not become an Indian for the purposes of criminal jurisdiction.

text:
# United States v. Rogers

***United States v. Rogers***, 45 U.S. (4 How.) 567 (1846), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States holding that a white man, adopted into an Indian tribe, does not become an Indian for the purposes of criminal jurisdiction.

## Background

In 1844, William S. Rogers, a white man and Cherokee Nation citizen by marriage, murdered his brother-in-law Jacob Nicholson, another white man and Cherokee Nation citizen by marriage. Rogers was from Tennessee and enlisted in June 1836 to help with Cherokee removal. He was discharged a month later and married a Cherokee woman in November 1836 and was removed with her to Indian Territory. Rogers wife died in 1843 and he murdered Nicholson for an unknown reason on September 1, 1844, within the Cherokee Nation in Indian Territory. On April 2, 1845, Cherokee Nation Sheriff Alexander Foreman captured Rogers and he was given to the federal garrison at Fort Gibson pending a trial in the Cherokee Nation's courts.

Within two weeks of his arrest, Rogers was sent to Little Rock for trial in federal court. Rogers was indicted for the murder of Jacob Nicholson by the grand jury for the United States District Court for the District of Arkansas.

### Lower court case

On April 18, 1845, Rogers plead pro se that since he and his victim were both Cherokee citizens the federal government lacked jurisdiction under the Trade and Intercourse Act of 1834. While Judge Benjamin Johnson agreed the United States lacked jurisdiction, Justice Peter V. Daniel disagreed while in town riding the circuit which triggered an automatic appeal under the Judiciary Act of 1793.

## Oral Arguments

On May 12, 1845, Rogers escaped the Little Rock Jail with another prisoner and drowned while crossing the Arkansas River. Two months after Rogers' death, the district court clerk for the U.S. District Court for the District of Arkansas certified the record of the case for appeal while failing to notify the court of Rogers' death. In March 1846 the court heard oral arguments from U.S. attorney general John Y. Mason and no one appeared for the defense.

## Opinion of the Court

Chief Justice Roger B. Taney delivered the opinion of the court. Taney noted that while the Cherokee nation and their treaties with the United States did have bearing, Rogers was "was still a white man, of the white race, and therefore not within the exception in the act of Congress." He noted the act's jurisdictional "exception is confined to those who by the usages and customs of the Indians are regarded as belonging to their race. It does not speak of members of a tribe, but of the race generally."

The Rogers test, derived from the cases, is used for determining whether a defendant is an "Indian" under federal law for purposes of criminal jurisdiction. Under the test, courts look for both "Indian blood" and recognition as an Indian (usually interpreted as citizenship in a federally recognized tribe).

## Analysis

Law professor Bethany R. Berger notes the decision is inconsistent with Taney's other writing on Indian law and likely was heavily written by or copied from arguments made by U.S. attorney Samuel Hempstead and attorney general John Y. Mason.

## Works cited

* Berger, Bethany R. (2004). ""Power Over this Unfortunate Race": Race, Politics and Indian Law in United States v. Rogers". *William and Mary Law Review*. **45** (5): 1957–2052. Retrieved May 12, 2024.
* Summers, Clint (2018). "Rethinking the Federal Indian Status Test: A Look at the Supreme Court's Classification of the Freedmen of the Five Civilized Tribes of Oklahoma". *American Indian Law Journal*. **7** (1): 194–229. Retrieved May 12, 2024.

## InfoBox

| United States v. Rogers | |
| --- | --- |
| Supreme Court of the United States | |
| Argued March 2, 1846
Decided March 9, 1846 | |
| Full case name | *United States v. William S. Rogers* |
| Citations | 45 U.S. 567 (*more*)4 How. 567; 11 L. Ed. 1105 |
| Holding | |
| A white man, adopted into an Indian tribe, does not become an Indian for the purposes of criminal jurisdiction. | |
| Court membership | |
| Chief Justice Roger B. Taney  Associate Justices John McLean **·**  James M. Wayne
John Catron **·**  John McKinley
Peter V. Daniel **·**  Samuel Nelson
Levi Woodbury | |
| Case opinion | |
| Majority | Taney |


title: Marcus Spears (defensive end)

abstract: Marcus Rayshon Spears, nicknamed "Swagu", is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end for nine seasons in the National Football League (NFL), primarily for the Dallas Cowboys. He played college football for the LSU Tigers, earning consensus All-American honors. Spears was selected by the Cowboys in the first round of the 2005 NFL draft. He also played in the NFL for the Baltimore Ravens.

text:
# Marcus Spears (defensive end)

**Marcus Rayshon Spears** (born March 8, 1983), nicknamed "**Swagu**", is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end for nine seasons in the National Football League (NFL), primarily for the Dallas Cowboys. He played college football for the LSU Tigers, earning consensus All-American honors. Spears was selected by the Cowboys in the first round of the 2005 NFL draft. He also played in the NFL for the Baltimore Ravens.

## Early life

Spears was born in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He was a highly sought after two-sport athlete in the country following his senior season at Southern University Laboratory School in Baton Rouge. On the high school football field, he was rated as the No. 1 tight end prospect in America and the third-best overall prospect after earning high school All-America honors. He was named first-team Class 1A all-state selection on both offense and defense following his senior season, becoming the first player to be honored on both in Louisiana since 1991. He finished his final prep season with 28 receptions for 435 yards and three touchdowns and 245 rushing yards and six touchdowns on offense and 22 tackles for losses, 11.5 quarterback sacks and four fumble recoveries on defense. Spears was also one of the nation's top basketball prospects. He was named Gatorade Basketball Player of the Year for Louisiana following his senior season. He played in the first ever U.S. Army All-American Bowl game on December 30, 2000.

## College career

Spears attended Louisiana State University, where he played for coach Nick Saban's LSU Tigers football team from 2001 to 2004. He was initially recruited by LSU as a tight end but was soon moved to the defensive line. Spears played tight end, fullback and defensive end as a freshman in 2001, recording two catches for 20 yards on offense and eight tackles, a sack and a tackle for loss on defense. His play earned him freshman All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) honors as a tight end.

The 2002 season marked his first as a full-time defensive player, in which he recorded 46 tackles, 16 quarterback pressures, 3.5 tackles for losses and three sacks. In 2003, during LSU's national championship season, Spears contributed 49 tackles, 23 quarterback pressures, 13 tackles for losses, six sacks and six passes defensed to earn First-team All-SEC honors. Playing against the Oklahoma Sooners for the national championship in the Sugar Bowl, Spears returned an interception 20 yards for a touchdown to give the Tigers a 21–7 advantage in their 21–14 victory.

During his 2004 senior season, Spears put together a career year, earning first-team All-America honors from the Walter Camp Foundation, American Football Coaches Association, and AP, and second-team All-America honors from *Sports Illustrated*, first-team All-SEC honors, and was a semifinalist for the Bednarik Award and Lombardi Award. He finished the year tying his career-high in tackles (49) while setting career-highs for tackles for losses (17) and sacks (nine, a figure that ranks fourth in the LSU single-season records). He also recorded 21 quarterback pressures to help the Tigers finish the year third in the country in total defense.

In April 2021, Spears was inducted into the Louisiana High School Athletic Association Hall of Fame.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Bench press |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6 ft 4 in
(1.93 m) | 307 lb
(139 kg) | 33 in
(0.84 m) | 10+12 in
(0.27 m) | 5.05 s | 4.44 s | 7.21 s | 31.0 in
(0.79 m) | 15 reps |
| All values from NFL Combine/Pro Day | | | | | | | | | | | | |

### Dallas Cowboys

The Dallas Cowboys entered the 2005 NFL draft with two first round draft choices. Spears was considered by head coach Bill Parcells to be the key to the team's eventual move to a 3–4 defense and wanted to take him with the first selection (11th overall pick). However, owner/GM Jerry Jones overruled Parcells and drafted DeMarcus Ware instead, who the team thought would not be available later in the draft. Spears was eventually selected by the Cowboys with the 20th overall pick.

#### 2005

Spears suffered from injury problems in his first two training camps. In his first training camp in 2005 as a rookie, he sprained his right knee and ankle while straining his calf. He missed the first three preseason games but bounced back in time for the final preseason game and recorded three tackles and a sack.

He started the season as a backup in the team's 4-3 defense but moved into a right defensive end starting role midway through the season, to earn All-Rookie honors from *Pro Football Weekly*. His 35 tackles were 12th on the team – third among linemen and rookies, while his six quarterback pressures were fourth. He also added 1.5 sacks and a pass defended.

In his NFL debut at the San Diego Chargers, Spears was in the defensive line rotation but did not record a tackle. He recorded his first sack – one he split with Greg Ellis – and his first career tackle against the Washington Redskins. Spears then led all defensive linemen with four tackles at the San Francisco 49ers. He helped limit the Philadelphia Eagles to 129 yards, including just 19 rushing, the fourth lowest in franchise history. Spears earned his first NFL start at defensive end at the Seattle Seahawks and responded with three tackles and a batted pass while helping limit Shaun Alexander, the NFL's leading rusher to 21 carries for 61 yards (2.9 avg.). He officially moved into the starting lineup full-time against the Arizona Cardinals and led all linemen with four tackles. Spears logged his third career start in Philadelphia and posted a season-high seven tackles to lead all linemen and finish second on the team. He had a three-tackle game at the New York Giants. Against the Kansas City Chiefs, Spears recorded four and a fumble recovery. With 1:16 remaining in the first half and Dallas trailing 14–10, Spears scooped up a Trent Green fumble at the Cowboys 15-yard line and returned it 59 yards to the Chiefs 26-yard line. It was the eighth-longest return in franchise history and the longest ever by a Dallas rookie. Three plays later, Drew Bledsoe completed a pass to Jason Witten for a touchdown and a 17–14 halftime lead. In Washington, Spears recorded three tackles. In the season finale against the St. Louis Rams, he recorded two tackles and his first solo sack of the season.

#### 2006

Before the 2006 season, Spears underwent minor knee surgery to repair meniscus damage, which forced him to miss the first two weeks of training camp. The Cowboys moved to a 3-4 defense and Spears earned the starting role at left defensive end, finishing ninth with 48 tackles (31 solo), one sack, three pass deflections, two tackles for loss and tied for fifth on the squad with three quarterback pressures.

In the season opener at the Jacksonville Jaguars, Spears had two tackles and a tackle for loss. In Week two's Sunday night game against the Redskins, Spears recorded his only sack of the season, sacking quarterback Mark Brunell in the first quarter, he also recorded two tackles. After the Cowboys' bye week, Spears led all defensive linemen with four tackles against the Tennessee Titans. The Titans, in rookie quarterback Vince Young first career start, only rushed 27 times for 78 yards. Spears recorded two tackles the next week in Philadelphia, where he also broke up a pass at the line of scrimmage. Against the Houston Texans, Spears recorded three tackles and a quarterback pressure. He recorded three tackles against the Giants in a Monday night loss at Texas Stadium. At the Carolina Panthers, in a Sunday night victory, Spears had two more tackles and a quarterback pressure. He had five tackles the following week in Washington, followed by four tackles in Arizona. Against the eventual Super Bowl champion Indianapolis Colts, Spears had three tackles and one for loss, limiting the Colts to a season-low 14 points. In the annual Thanksgiving Day game against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, he had three tackles. He had two tackles in the Cowboys' 23–20 win over the Giants at the Meadowlands. The following week Spears recorded a season-high six tackles against the Saints in a home loss. He recorded four tackles in a road win against the Atlanta Falcons, helping provide pressure on the defensive line that sacked Falcons quarterback Michael Vick four times. Spears had three tackles in the Cowboys' Christmas Day loss to the Eagles and did not record a stat in the season finale against the Detroit Lions. In his postseason debut, Spears had one tackle and led the team with two quarterback pressures against the Seahawks.

#### 2007

In 2007, he appeared in all 16 regular season games and Dallas' lone post season game. For the season Spears recorded 32 tackles (19 solo), two forced fumbles, and a career-high two sacks and three passed defensed on the season.

In the season opener against the New York Giants, Spears recorded one tackle (one solo). During week two at the Miami Dolphins, he recorded two tackles (two solo). In the week three victory over the Chicago Bears, Spears recorded two tackles (one solo). During the week four victory over the St. Louis Rams, he recorded two tackles (one solo), and 0.5 sack. In week five at the Buffalo Bills, Spears recorded two tackles (one solo). During the Cowboys first loss of the season, to the New England Patriots, he recorded four tackles. In the week seven win over the Minnesota Vikings, Spears did not record any stats. During week nine at the Philadelphia Eagles, he recorded one tackle and 0.5 sacks and a forced fumble. In the week 10 win over the New York Giants, Spears recorded two tackles (two solo). During the week 11 win over the Washington Redskins, he recorded one tackle. In the week 12 victory over the New York Jets, Spears recorded two tackles and one pass defensed. During the week 13 victory over the Green Bay Packers, he recorded one tackle, and a pass defensed. In the week 14 win over the Detroit Lions, Spears recorded one tackle. During a week 15 loss to the Eagles, he recorded three tackles (two solo). In a week 16 victory over the Carolina Panthers, Spears recorded one tackle and one pass defensed. During the season finale against the Washington Redskins, he recorded a season high five tackles (four solo), one sack, and one forced fumble.

In the Cowboys lone playoff game against eventual Super Bowl XLII champion New York Giants, Spears recorded two tackles.

#### 2008

Marcus Spears started 15 games of the 16 games he played in the 2008 season. He registered 35 tackles (with 23 being solo, and 12 being assisted tackles), a sack, and a forced fumble.

#### 2009

In 2009, he started 14 games and recorded 50 tackles (2 for losses), a career-high 2.5 sacks and a career-high tying 16 quarterback pressures and 2 pass breakups.

Spears registered a tackle and three pressures in the wildcard playoff win against the Philadelphia Eagles, with the defense not allowing a rushing first down for the first time in postseason team history. He had a postseason career-high six tackles and a pressure in the divisional game against the Minnesota Vikings.

#### 2010

After playing in only eight games (7 starts), his streak of 88 consecutive games played ended on November 10, when he was placed on the injured reserve list, with a left calf injury. Playing mostly in running downs, he registered 24 tackles (1 for loss) and 3 quarterback pressures.

#### 2011

Spears signed a 5-year, $19.2 million contract during the off-season. He injured his groin in the second preseason game and missed the rest of the preseason.

New defensive coordinator Rob Ryan selected Kenyon Coleman and Jason Hatcher as the starters at defensive end, relegating Spears into a reserve role for the first time in his career. He was used mostly on running downs and registered 29 tackles (one for loss), 15th on the team and fifth among defensive linemen, one sack, two pass deflections and one quarterback pressure.

#### 2012

In 2012, he again had a reserve role, but got a chance to start in six games because of injuries. Spears finished the season with 35 tackles (2 for loss) and 1 sack. He missed one game with a knee injury.

On March 13, 2013, Spears was released.

### Baltimore Ravens

On March 15, 2013, Spears signed a two-year, $3.55 million deal with the Baltimore Ravens. On October 30, 2013, he was waived after registering 10 tackles as a reserve defensive end.

## NFL career statistics

| Legend | |
| --- | --- |
| **Bold** | Career high |
| Underline | Incomplete data |

### Regular season

| Year | Team | Games | | Tackles | | | | | | PD | Fumbles | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | GP | GS | Comb | Solo | Ast | TFL | QBH | Sck | | FF | FR | Yds | Y/F | TD |
| 2005 | DAL | **16** | 10 | 31 | 19 | 12 | 1 |  | 1.5 | 1 | 0 | **1** | **59** | **59.0** | 0 |
| 2006 | DAL | **16** | **16** | **45** | **29** | 16 | 3 | 3 | 1.0 | **3** | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | 0 |
| 2007 | DAL | **16** | **16** | 30 | 19 | 11 | **5** | 3 | 2.0 | **3** | **2** | 0 | 0 |  | 0 |
| 2008 | DAL | **16** | 15 | 35 | 23 | 12 | **5** | **6** | 1.0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |  | 0 |
| 2009 | DAL | **16** | 14 | 25 | 55 | 8 | 4 | **6** | **2.5** | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | 0 |
| 2010 | DAL | 8 | 7 | 19 | 11 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | 0 |
| 2011 | DAL | **16** | 15 | 16 | 13 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1.0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | 0 |
| 2012 | DAL | 15 | 6 | 25 | 7 | **18** | 2 | 1 | 1.0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | 0 |
| 2013 | BAL | 5 | 1 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | 0 |
| Career | | 124 | 90 | 236 | 143 | 93 | 25 | 23 | 10.0 | 13 | 3 | 1 | 59 | 59.0 | 0 |

### Postseason

| Year | Team | Games | | Tackles | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | GP | GS | Comb | Solo | Ast | TFL | QBH | Sck |
| 2006 | DAL | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| 2007 | DAL | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | **2** | 0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| 2009 | DAL | **2** | **2** | **3** | **2** | 1 | 0 | **1** | 0.0 |
| Career | | 4 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0.0 |

## Charitable work

Spears was actively involved in community service projects during his time at LSU. As a rookie, Spears was a member of the Cowboys 2005 Rookie Club, a program designed to introduce rookie team members to community service in the Dallas area which included work with The Salvation Army, Children's Medical Center Dallas and Meals on Wheels. In the spring, Spears was a co-chair, along with teammate DeMarcus Ware, for the second annual Taste of the NFL: The Ultimate Dallas Cowboys Tailgate Party at Abacus restaurant that benefited The North Texas Food Bank. The event raised enough money to provide 330,000 meals to North Texans in need.

## Personal life

Spears and his wife, retired WNBA player Aiysha Smith, have three children: Macaria Reagan Spears (born 2007), Marcus Rayshon Spears Jr. (born 2009), and Miko Reign Spears (born 2013).

Marcus is a Christian who attends TD Jakes' church in Texas.

## TV career

In August 2014, Spears became a co-host of *SEC Nation*, the SEC/ESPN Network's flagship show. *SEC Nation* is a weekly college football preview show offering insight into upcoming national and SEC football games. He is a regular contributor to the *Paul Finebaum Show*, broadcast daily on the SEC Network. He is affectionately referred to as "The Big Swagu".

In 2015, Spears began hosting a TV show called *DFW Outdoorsman* The show covers hunting, fishing, and other similar activities in the North Texas area.

Beginning with the 2017 college football season, Spears began hosting *Thinking Out Loud* on the SEC Network with former Alabama quarterback Greg McElroy.

Spears now appears regularly on ESPN morning shows *Get Up!*, *First Take*, and its flagship NFL studio show, *NFL Live*. Spears does Monday Night Countdown before Monday Night Football.

## InfoBox

Marcus Spears
| Spears in 2018 | |
| --- | --- |
| No. 96, 98 | |
| Position: | Defensive end |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1983-03-08) March 8, 1983
Baton Rouge, Louisiana, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) |
| Weight: | 315 lb (143 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Southern University Laboratory School
(Baton Rouge, Louisiana) |
| College: | LSU (2001–2004) |
| NFL draft: | 2005 / round: 1 / pick: 20 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Total tackles: 236  Sacks: 10.0  Forced fumbles: 3  Fumble recoveries: 1 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Uruguay at the 1992 Summer Paralympics

abstract: Uruguay competed at the 1992 Summer Paralympics in Barcelona and Madrid, Spain. At the Barcelona Games, the 2 competitors from Uruguay did not win any medals. medal table. But in Madrid games, the Uruguayan delegation won 15 medals, 5 of gold, 4 of silver and 5 of bronze, making the best participation of its history. Since then, the country has never won another gold medal in the competition.

text:
# Uruguay at the 1992 Summer Paralympics

**Uruguay** competed at the **1992 Summer Paralympics** in Barcelona and Madrid, Spain.

At the Barcelona Games, the 2 competitors from Uruguay did not win any medals. medal table.

But in Madrid games, the Uruguayan delegation won 15 medals, 5 of gold, 4 of silver and 5 of bronze, making the best participation of its history. Since then, the country has never won another gold medal in the competition.

## InfoBox

| Uruguay at the<br>1992 Summer Paralympics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| IPC code | URU |
| NPC | Uruguayan Paralympic Committee |
| in Barcelona | |
| Competitors | 2 |
| Medals | Gold 5 Silver 4 Bronze 5 Total 14 |
| Summer Paralympics appearances (overview) | |
|  | |


title: March 76B

abstract: The March 76B is an open-wheel formula racing car, designed, developed and built by March Engineering, for Formula Atlantic racing, in 1976. Gilles Villeneuve won the 1976 CASC Formula Atlantic Players Championship Series outright, winning 4 out of the 6 races that season. March cars dominated that season, taking all the race victories, clinching all the pole positions, and scoring all the fastest race laps. The car's chassis design was a monocoque, and was constructed out of aluminum. It was powered by a 1.6 L (98 cu in) Ford-Cosworth BDA four-cylinder engine, which droves the rear wheels through a 5-speed Hewland F.T.-200 manual gearbox. Ian Scheckter also notably won the 1976 South African Formula Atlantic Championship driving this car, scoring 7 race wins that season.

text:
# March 76B

The **March 76B** is an open-wheel formula racing car, designed, developed and built by March Engineering, for Formula Atlantic racing, in 1976. Gilles Villeneuve won the 1976 CASC Formula Atlantic Players Championship Series outright, winning 4 out of the 6 races that season. March cars dominated that season, taking all the race victories, clinching all the pole positions, and scoring all the fastest race laps. The car's chassis design was a monocoque, and was constructed out of aluminum. It was powered by a 1.6 L (98 cu in) Ford-Cosworth BDA four-cylinder engine, which droves the rear wheels through a 5-speed Hewland F.T.-200 manual gearbox. Ian Scheckter also notably won the 1976 South African Formula Atlantic Championship driving this car, scoring 7 race wins that season.


title: Marcel Noebels

abstract: Marcel Noebels is a German professional ice hockey forward who currently plays for Eisbären Berlin of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL).

text:
# Marcel Noebels

**Marcel Noebels** (born March 14, 1992) is a German professional ice hockey forward who currently plays for Eisbären Berlin of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL).

## Playing career

He made his professional debut with the Krefeld Pinguine during the 2009–10 season.

Noebels was drafted by the Philadelphia Flyers in the 4th round, 118th overall, of the 2011 NHL Entry Draft. He was signed to an entry-level contract by the Flyers on July 18, 2011.

Noebels split the 2012–13 season between the Trenton Titans of the ECHL and the Adirondack Phantoms of the American Hockey League (AHL), and spent the entire 2013–14 season with the Phantoms. Assigned to the Reading Royals before the 2014–15 season, Noebels left the team shortly after reporting to Reading, and the Flyers placed him on unconditional waivers for the purposes of terminating his contract on October 10, 2014. On October 13 he signed with Eisbären Berlin. He represented Germany at the 2018 IIHF World Championship.

## Career statistics

### Regular season and playoffs

|  | | |  | Regular season | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP |  |  | Pts | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 2007–08 | Jungadler Mannheim | DNL | | 36 | 12 | 18 | 30 | 22 | | 8 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 4 |
| 2008–09 | Jungadler Mannheim | DNL | | 36 | 22 | 26 | 48 | 26 | | 7 | 6 | 11 | 17 | 6 |
| 2009–10 | Krefeld Pinguine | DNL | | 25 | 17 | 36 | 53 | 52 | | 5 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 31 |
| 2009–10 | Krefeld Pinguine | DEL | | 33 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 29 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2010–11 | Seattle Thunderbirds | WHL | | 66 | 28 | 26 | 54 | 23 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2011–12 | Seattle Thunderbirds | WHL | | 31 | 10 | 14 | 24 | 18 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2011–12 | Portland Winterhawks | WHL | | 31 | 10 | 24 | 34 | 8 | | 22 | 8 | 15 | 23 | 6 |
| 2012–13 | Trenton Titans | ECHL | | 31 | 11 | 19 | 30 | 14 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2012–13 | Adirondack Phantoms | AHL | | 43 | 13 | 10 | 23 | 6 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2013–14 | Adirondack Phantoms | AHL | | 52 | 3 | 8 | 11 | 29 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2014–15 | Eisbären Berlin | DEL | | 35 | 7 | 13 | 20 | 40 | | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| 2015–16 | Eisbären Berlin | DEL | | 52 | 11 | 22 | 33 | 43 | | 7 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| 2016–17 | Eisbären Berlin | DEL | | 5 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | | 14 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 8 |
| 2017–18 | Eisbären Berlin | DEL | | 52 | 11 | 19 | 30 | 10 | | 18 | 6 | 8 | 14 | 12 |
| 2018–19 | Eisbären Berlin | DEL | | 49 | 9 | 25 | 34 | 24 | | 8 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 |
| 2019–20 | Eisbären Berlin | DEL | | 52 | 23 | 26 | 49 | 16 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2020–21 | Eisbären Berlin | DEL | | 36 | 6 | 36 | 42 | 12 | | 9 | 1 | 9 | 10 | 12 |
| 2021–22 | Eisbären Berlin | DEL | | 50 | 20 | 36 | 56 | 14 | | 12 | 1 | 9 | 10 | 0 |
| 2022–23 | Eisbären Berlin | DEL | | 55 | 16 | 40 | 56 | 12 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2023–24 | Eisbären Berlin | DEL | | 50 | 13 | 34 | 47 | 8 | | 12 | 4 | 10 | 14 | 8 |
| DEL totals | | | | 469 | 120 | 254 | 374 | 210 | | 83 | 19 | 47 | 66 | 52 |

| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Representing  Germany | | |
| Ice hockey | | |
| Olympic Games | | |
|  | 2018 Pyeongchang |  |
| World Championships | | |
|  | 2023 Finland/Latvia |  |

### International

| Year | Team | Event | Result |  | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2009 | Germany | U17 | 6th | | 5 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 |
| 2009 | Germany | WJC18 | 10th | | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2010 | Germany | WJC18 D1 | 11th | | 5 | 9 | 10 | 19 | 0 |
| 2011 | Germany | WJC | 10th | | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| 2012 | Germany | WJC D1 | 11th | | 5 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 6 |
| 2013 | Germany | WC | 9th | | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2014 | Germany | WC | 14th | | 7 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 2016 | Germany | WC | 7th | | 7 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| 2018 | Germany | OG |  | | 7 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 2018 | Germany | WC | 11th | | 7 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2019 | Germany | WC | 6th | | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2021 | Germany | WC | 4th | | 10 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 2 |
| 2022 | Germany | OG | 10th | | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2022 | Germany | WC | 7th | | 8 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 0 |
| 2023 | Germany | WC |  | | 10 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 2 |
| Junior totals | | | | | 27 | 16 | 17 | 33 | 10 |
| Senior totals | | | | | 71 | 8 | 20 | 28 | 10 |

## Awards and honors

| Award | Year |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| ECHL | | |
| All-Star Game | 2013 |  |
| DEL | | |
| Forward of the Year | 2020, 2021 |  |
| Player of the Year | 2020, 2021 |  |
| Champion (Eisbären Berlin) | 2021, 2022, 2024 |  |

## InfoBox

| Marcel Noebels | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Noebels with the Eisbären Berlin in 2022 | | | |
| Born | (1992-03-14) March 14, 1992
Tönisvorst, Germany | | |
| Height | 6 ft 2 in (188 cm) | | |
| Weight | 210 lb (95 kg; 15 st 0 lb) | | |
| Position | Centre | | |
| Shoots | Left | | |
| DEL team
Former teams | *Eisbären Berlin*
Krefeld Pinguine | | |
| National team | Germany | | |
| NHL draft | 118th overall, 2011
Philadelphia Flyers | | |
| Playing career | 2009present | | |


title: Marcel Niedergang

abstract: Marcel Niedergang (1922-2001) was a French journalist and non-fiction author.

text:
# Marcel Niedergang

**Marcel Niedergang** (1922-2001) was a French journalist and non-fiction author.

## Early life

Marcel Niedergang was born on September 14, 1922, in Évian-les-Bains, France. He was raised as a Protestant. He studied German at university.

## Career

Niedergang started his career as a journalist for *Réforme*, a Protestant newspaper, in 1949. He joined *Le Monde* in 1952. He worked for *France-Soir* from 1956 to 1964. From 1964 to 1975, he worked for *Le Monde* once again, covering Iberian affairs and Latin America. From 1975 to 1996, he covered foreign affairs for *Le Monde*. For example, he covered the 1973 Chilean coup d'état and the death of Salvador Allende.

Niedergang was the author of several books. In 1960, he published *Tempête sur le Congo*, whose main topic was the decolonisation of the Belgian Congo. The book received the Albert Londres Prize in 1961. In 1962, he published *Les 20 Amériques latines*, a bestseller which was reedited in 1969. In it, he argued that South America was made up of very different former Spanish and Portuguese colonies. He also suggested that Fidel Castro's leadership style was far more comparable to Josip Broz Tito in Yugoslavia or Gamal Abdel Nasser in Egypt than Nikita Khrushchev in the Soviet Union.

In the winter of 1999, Niedergang joined the Collectif Liberté pour l'Afghanistan, an organization lobbying for the West to stop tolerating the Talibans and "Osama bin Laden, the millionaire Saudi financier of terror".

## Personal life

Niedergang was married. He spent much of his retirement in Peru.

## Death

Niedergang on December 28, 2001, in Neuilly-sur-Seine near Paris, France.

## InfoBox

| Marcel Niedergang | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | September 14, 1922
Évian-les-Bains, France |
| Died | December 28, 2001
Neuilly-sur-Seine, France |
| Occupation | Journalist |


abstract: The John and Marcia Price College of Engineering at the University of Utah is an academic college of the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, Utah. The college offers undergraduate and graduate degrees in engineering and computer science.

text:
# University of Utah College of Engineering

The **John and Marcia Price College of Engineering at the University of Utah** is an academic college of the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, Utah. The college offers undergraduate and graduate degrees in engineering and computer science.

## History

The College of Engineering at the University of Utah originated from the State School of Mines, established in the 1890s. Dedicated to enhancing Utah's mining industry, it was among the first engineering programs west of the Mississippi River.

The first modern four-year engineering degree at the school was introduced in 1895. Joseph F. Merrill was the first principal and the Merrill Engineering Building was named in his honor. Richard Lyman was recruited from Brigham Young Academy to teach the technical engineering curriculum. Lyman organized the first Department of Engineering in 1896.

During the past 118 years, the College has awarded nearly 24,000 engineering degrees. Many alumni have achieved international recognition in industry, manufacturing, research, education, law, medicine and many other professions.

Some of the companies founded by graduates and faculty of the College of Engineering include: TRW, Evans and Sutherland, Silicon Graphics, Netscape, WordPerfect, Sarcos, Opto 22, Novell, Atari, Adobe, and Pixar, to name a few. Many other graduates hold executive leadership positions in companies and educational institutions worldwide; several also actively serve their communities in civic and governmental leadership roles.

Today, approximately 3,400 undergraduate and nearly 1,100 graduate students are enrolled in the College. The College has 156 tenure and tenure-track faculty members and $81.5 million in engineering research expenditures, which places it 30th among 206 engineering colleges for research productivity.

## Accreditation

The University of Utah is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities.

The College of Engineering is a member of the American Society for Engineering Education.

The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology has accredited the following undergraduate programs in the College of Engineering: bioengineering, chemical engineering, civil engineering, computer engineering, electrical engineering, materials science and engineering, and mechanical engineering.

## Rankings

**The U.S. News & World Report ranks the College of Engineering at the University of Utah:**

* #34 Biomedical Engineering (out of 107 graduate programs)
* #48 Electrical/Electronic/Communications Engineering (out of 177 graduate programs)
* #49 Computer Engineering (among 143 graduate programs)
* #51 Materials Engineering (among 95 graduate programs)
* #53 Best Engineering Schools (among 193 graduate programs)
* #53 Civil Engineering (among 145 graduate programs)
* #57 Chemical Engineering (among 126 graduate programs)
* #61 Mechanical Engineering (among 170 graduate programs)
* #74 Environmental/Environmental Health Engineering (among 100 graduate programs)

**The American Society of Engineering Education (ASEE) ranks the College of Engineering at the University of Utah:**

* #26 Computer science \[inside engineering\] degrees (among 171 schools)
* #34 Engineering doctoral degrees awarded (among 196 schools)
* #35 Tenured/tenure-track faculty (among 357 schools)
* #35 Highest ratio of research expenditures to doctoral degree recipients (among 126 schools)
* #39 Mechanical engineering degrees (among 288 schools)
* #39 Undergraduate enrollment (among 348 schools)
* #47 Graduate school enrolment (among 271 schools)

## Departments

The College of Engineering is made up of seven departments: bioengineering, chemical engineering, civil and environmental engineering, electrical and computer engineering, materials science and engineering, mechanical engineering, and the School of Computing.

The College is also home to four specialty engineering programs including computer engineering, entertainment arts and engineering, nuclear engineering and petroleum engineering, as well as 28 multidisciplinary research institutes and centers.

In 2014, the College began offering data center engineering and big data certificate programs. The data center engineering certificate program prepares undergraduates for work in data center operations and management by combining mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and computer science coursework. The big data certificate program draws on computer science coursework to provide graduate students and professional computer scientists the skills to process, analyze and manage large, complex data.

### Biomedical Engineering

The Biomedical Engineering Department at the University of Utah offers undergraduate degrees in Biomedical Engineering and graduate degrees in Biomedical Engineering. The Department has major research funding that supports initiatives in:

Many Biomedical Engineering faculty members are adjunct faculty at University of Utah School of Medicine, leading to several successful interdisciplinary research projects between the School of Medicine and the College of Engineering.

### Chemical Engineering

The Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Utah offers undergraduate and graduate degrees in Chemical Engineering. This Department was recently ranked 5th nationally in federal research and development funding. It has major research funding that supports initiatives in:

The Department of Chemical Engineering administers the petroleum engineering Master of Science degree. Launched in 2013, the program produces well-qualified engineers who are knowledgeable about the responsible development of oil and gas resources.

### Civil and Environmental Engineering

Civil and environmental engineering careers are ideal for students with both vision and analytic skills. As engineers develop in their careers, they will be challenged to imagine new ways to support the needs of business, industry, public agencies and nations.

At the University of Utah, the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (CvEEN) engineers are trained in professional communication, project management and their technical discipline with opportunities to seek advanced degrees in engineering, law, business or medicine. The department and local industry offer paid internships, scholarships and employment opportunities to help defray the cost of tuition and living expenses. CvEEN offers undergraduate and graduate degrees and has major research funding that supports initiatives in:

The Civil and Environmental Engineering Department is also home to the growing Utah Nuclear Engineering Program (UNEP). Master's and doctoral degrees are offered to those holding a B.S. degree in engineering or a science-related field. Undergraduates can take selected courses as technical electives and in preparation for nuclear engineering graduate degree programs. http://www.nuclear.utah.edu

### Electrical and Computer Engineering

The Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the University of Utah offers undergraduate degrees in Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering as well as graduate degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering. The Department has major research funding that supports initiatives in:

The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the School of Computing jointly administer the computer engineering specialty program. The interdisciplinary program teaches students both hardware and software skills, as well as how to combine the skillsets to become successful computer engineers. http://www.ce.utah.edu

### Materials Science and Engineering

The Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Utah offers undergraduate and graduate degrees in materials science and engineering. The department has major research funding that supports initiatives in:

### Mechanical Engineering

The Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Utah offers undergraduate and graduate degrees in mechanical engineering. The department has major research funding that supports initiatives in:

### School of Computing

The School of Computing at the University of Utah offers undergraduate and graduate degrees in computer science. The department has major research funding that supports initiatives in:

The School of Computing is also home to the Entertainment Arts and Entertainment (EAE) Program, which is the result of interdisciplinary collaboration between the College of Engineering and the University of Utah College of Fine Arts. In 2014, the EAE Program was ranked second for its undergraduate program and fourth for its graduate program by the Princeton Review.

The University of Utah was one of the original four nodes of ARPANET, the world's first packet-switched network and embryo of the current worldwide Internet. In late 1969, the U's computer graphics department was linked into the node at Stanford Research Institute in Menlo Park, California to complete the initial four-node network.

The School of Computing has made important contributions to computer graphics and computer animation. These contributions include: Gouraud shading, the Phong reflection model, the Phong shading method, and the rendering equation.

The School of Computing is also affiliated with the Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, which focuses on research in visualization, scientific computing, and medical image analysis. The institute currently has over 200 faculty and staff, most of which are from the School of Computing or Bioengineering departments.

## Buildings

### Warnock Engineering Building

The John and Marva Warnock Engineering building (referred to as the WEB) houses the offices of the College of Engineering. It also is the home of the Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute and numerous classrooms and study rooms. The building was named after John Warnock and his wife Marva Warnock, both of whom graduated from the University of Utah, after he generously donated almost $6 million for its construction in 2003. Some additional funding for the project came from the George S. and Dolores Dore Eccles Foundation. Construction on the building was completed in 2007.

The Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute is located in the WEB.

The primary goal for building the WEB was to provide study space for students. The building is composed mainly of study rooms, classrooms, computer labs, and open spaces. The WEB is also home to the College of Engineering Dean's Office.

### Civil and Materials Engineering

The Civil and Materials Engineering Building (referred to as the CME) is home to the Materials Science and Engineering Department and the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department.

### Kennecott Building

The Kennecott Building (referred to as Kenn) was built with generous support from Kennecott, operator of the Bingham Canyon Mine.

The Kennecott Building currently serves as classroom and lab space for the Mechanical Engineering Department. However, starting in 2012, the Kennecott building will be undergoing major renovations and expansions in a four-phase plan to move the entire department over to the new Kennecott building. The first phase will be completed in late 2013. After construction is complete, the Kennecott Building will house the entire Mechanical Engineering Department.

### Floyd and Jeri Meldrum Civil Engineering Building

The Floyd and Jeri Meldrum Civil Engineering Building (referred to as the MCE) is a 14,500-square-foot addition to the former Energy and Minerals Research Building. It brings together civil, environmental, and nuclear engineering faculty into adjacent space with a newly designed transportation operations center and environmental engineering labs. The construction of the building was supported by a generous $3.3 million gift from Floyd and Jeri Meldrum of Las Vegas.

### Merrill Engineering Building

The Merrill Engineering building (referred to as the MEB) is named after Joseph F. Merrill who became the first principal of the College of Engineering. The first phase of construction on the Merrill Engineering Building was completed in 1960 and it served as the main building for the College of Engineering until the John and Marva Warnock Engineering building was completed. The building still houses most of the student and research labs used by the college of engineering.

The MEB also houses a TRIGA nuclear reactor 25 feet below ground level in a double-wall reactor tank filled with water that has been operating since 1975. The reactor was featured in a report by ABC in 2005 about the security concerns with university research reactors. ABC felt that the security was inadequate, but that has been disputed by many other sources.

The MEB is home to the School of Computing, the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, and the Chemical Engineering Department. It also has various classrooms, student labs, and student work areas.

### James LeVoy Sorenson Molecular Biotechnology Building

The James LeVoy Sorenson Molecular Biotechnology Building (referred to as the SMBB), completed in 2012, is a 200,000-square-foot, $150 Million USTAR facility that supports research in medicine, pharmacy, engineering, microfluidics, computer science and life sciences. The building is physically located between the College of Health Sciences on the upper campus and the College of Engineering on the lower campus to serve as a research complex that connects faculty in multidisciplinary research areas between the two colleges.

## Notable alumni

Ralph HartleyIvan SutherlandNotable College of Engineering Alumni and Faculty

### Civil and Environmental Engineering

* Mark Fuller \- CEO and co-founder of WET (Water Entertainment Technologies), an architectural water design firm that has internationally recognized performing water features in more than 20 countries.
* Theodore "Ted" Jacobsen — Led Jacobsen Construction for 30 years, building Utah icons such as the Jon M. Huntsman Center and the Grand America Hotel.
* Paul Hirst, P.E. — President and CEO of civil engineering firm Caldwell Richards Sorensen. Named distinguished alumnus in 2012.

### Electrical Engineering

### Mechanical Engineering

### School of Computing

## Notable faculty

## College Deans

| College of Engineering Deans: | | Tenure | Bio |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Joseph F. Merrill | 1897–1928 | Before becoming dean of the College of Engineering, Merrill was the director of the State School of Mines. The first modern four-year engineering degree at the school was introduced in 1895 with Joseph F. Merrill as the first principal. The first department of engineering was organized in 1896 with Merrill as the first dean. |
|  | Richard B. Ketchum | 1928–1939 | Richard Ketchum joined the University of Utah in 1910 and became the second Chair of the Civil Engineering Department in 1919. He joined the Engineering Experiment Station in 1922 prior to serving as Dean. |
|  | Albert L. Taylor | 1939–1952 | Taylor joined the University of Utah in 1923 as an associate professor of mechanical engineering. Before becoming dean, he taught courses in automotive engineering and continued to serve as a professor of electrical engineering during his tenure. |
|  | Steven Kistler | 1952–1965 | Kistler is best known as the inventor of aerogels, the lightest known solid materials. |
|  | Max L. Williams | 1965–1973 | Williams recruited key faculty members including Willem J. Kolff, Thomas Stockham and David Evans. He also cleared the way for the Computer Science Division of Electrical Engineering, which ultimately became the School of Computing. Credited as a pioneer of fracture mechanics, Williams oversaw the Interdisciplinary Institute for Materials Research, leading to the Department of Materials Science and Engineering. |
|  | Wayne S. Brown | 1973–1978 | Brown was a professor of mechanical engineering prior to becoming the dean of the college. He is the founder of TerraTek a geomechanics measurement and analysis company, which was purchased by Schlumberger in 2006. He is also the founder of the Utah Innovation Foundation, which is now called the Wayne Brown Institute, that helps develop early stage companies. |
|  | Laurence H. Lattman | 1978–1983 | Lattman's educational and professional background, which include chemical engineering and geology, enabled him to concurrently serve as dean for both the College of Engineering and the College of Mines and Mineral Industries. |
|  | Joseph D. Andrade | 1983–1987 | Andrade joined the University of Utah in 1969 as an assistant professor in materials science and engineering. Prior to becoming dean, he served as a faculty member in both bioengineering and materials science and engineering, as well as chair for the Department of Bioengineering. |
|  | David W. Pershing | 1987–1998 | Pershing joined the University of Utah as an assistant professor of chemical engineering in 1977. While serving as dean from 1987–1998, he was appointed acting vice president of academic affairs in 1997. In 1998, he became the university's senior vice president for academic affairs and in 2012, Pershing became the University of Utah's 15th president. |
|  | Gerald B. Stringfellow | 1998–2003 | With expertise in semiconductors, Stringfellow joined the university as a professor of electrical engineering and materials science and engineering in 1980. From 1982–1985, he served as chair of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering — a position he would hold again from 1994–1998 before becoming dean. Stringfellow, Distinguished Professor in both the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, is also a member of the National Academy of Engineering. |
|  | Richard B. Brown | 2004–Present | Brown joined as dean in 2004, and also serves a professor in both the School of Computing and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, as well as an adjunct professor in the Department of Bioengineering. Collaborating with alumni, academic, business and governmental leaders, Brown continues to build on his predecessor's efforts to expand the College's infrastructure, departments and academic programs. |

40°46′04″N 111°50′46″W / 40.76778°N 111.84611°W / 40.76778; -111.84611

## InfoBox

John and Marcia Price College of Engineering at the University of Utah
| John and Marva Warnock Engineering Building | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Public |
| Established | 1896 |
| Dean | Richard B. Brown |
| Academic staff | 156 |
| Undergraduates | 3,368 |
| Postgraduates | 1,073 |
| Location | Salt Lake City, Utah, USA |
| Website | www.price.utah.edu |


title: Margaret Hope MacPherson

abstract: Margaret Hope MacPherson was a Scottish crofter, politician, author, and activist. During her later life, she was known as the "First Lady of Crofting".

text:
# Margaret Hope MacPherson

**Margaret Hope MacPherson** (born **MacLean**; 29 June 1908 – 21 October 2001) was a Scottish crofter, politician, author, and activist. During her later life, she was known as the "First Lady of Crofting".

## Early life

MacPherson was born Margaret Hope MacLean on 29 June 1908 in Colinton, Edinburgh, Scotland. Her father, Norman Maclean, was a minister of the Church of Scotland. When she was seven, her father was called to be minister of St Cuthbert's Church, Edinburgh. She had a comfortable, middle class upbringing due to her father's position. She stated in an interview in later life: "We were comfortably off, we had three servants, and it was a rich parish".

MacPherson was privately educated at a school in Edinburgh. She was also sent abroad to spend nine months at a school in Switzerland. She then studied at the University of Edinburgh. Her family owned a holiday house on the Isle of Skye, where she spent her childhood summers.

## Adult life

Upon graduating from the University of Edinburgh, she travelled to Glasgow and married Duncan MacPherson. Duncan was the son of crofters who lived up the road from the MacLean's holiday home on Skye. He was a seaman but returned to his family home during the harvest time. Their relationship first began when Margaret was a teenager. However, because Margaret had come from a well-to-do family and Duncan was working class, the couple felt the wrath of her parents. She later stated: "My father cut me off and never talked to me again for marrying beneath myself".

After their marriage in Glasgow, the couple moved to Skye. There, Duncan worked as a drover, moving cattle and sheep from the Isle of Skye to mainland Scotland to be sold. However, their first few years of marriage were spent in hardship. The Great Depression meant that there was little money to be made in droving. Margaret later recalled; "no matter how cheaply Duncan bought lambs or ewes on Skye, by the time he got them to the mainland the price had fallen". Eventually, they were able to lease 5000 acres on Skye from the Forestry Commission, and they spent the next ten years rearing cattle.

### Political career

In 1945, MacPherson defeated Sir Godfrey Fell (a retired colonial official) to be elected to represent Portree on Inverness County Council. During her time as a local councillor, her politics changed and she moved from the Liberal Party to the Labour Party. She stepped down from the council in 1949.

MacPherson was active in her local Labour Party. From 1961 to 1984, she served as Secretary of the Skye Labour Party. She was part of a group known as the "Highland Luxemburgists" (that included Brian Wilson and Allan Campbell McLean), who attempted each year at the party conference to pass a resolution to bring the crofts back into common ownership. However, the Labour Party leadership ignored the resolution and supported right of crofters to purchase their land. In 1991, at the age of 83, she stopped canvassing door-to-door for the party at elections.

In 1951, MacPherson was appointed to the Commission of Enquiry into Crofting Conditions led by Sir Thomas Taylor (and therefore also known as the *Taylor Commission*). She argued for the nationalisation of all farms above 3,000 acres and against crofters being able to purchase their crofts, as she was a supporter of community ownership. The Commission published their report in 1954. This caused the establishment of the Crofters Commission (the statutory regulator for crofting in Scotland).

### Author

From the 1960s, MacPherson wrote children's fiction books. They were inspired by Highland culture and Scottish history. Her initial attempts at publication were unsuccessful but her first book, *The Shinty Boys*, was eventually published in 1963. She had another six books published, including *The Rough Road* (1965), *Ponies on Hire* (1967), *The New Tenants* (1968), *The Battle of the Braes* (1970), and *The Boy on the Roof* (1972).

## Personal life

Margaret married Duncan MacPherson after she graduated from university. Together, they had seven sons.

On 21 October 2001, MacPherson died in Portree, Isle of Skye, Scotland. She was 93 years old. Her funeral was held at the Portree Parish Church on 24 October.

## InfoBox

| Margaret MacPherson | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Margaret Hope MacLean
(1908-06-29)29 June 1908
Colinton, Edinburgh, Scotland |
| Died | 21 October 2001(2001-10-21) (aged 93)
Portree, Isle of Skye, Scotland |
| Nationality | Scottish |
| Alma mater | University of Edinburgh |
| Known for | Her activism in support of crofting |