title: I Love to Laugh

abstract: "I Love to Laugh", also called "We Love to Laugh", is a song from Walt Disney's 1964 film Mary Poppins which was composed by Richard M. Sherman and Robert B. Sherman. The song is sung in the film by "Uncle Albert", and "Bert" as they levitate uncontrollably toward the ceiling, eventually joined by Mary Poppins herself. The premise of the scene, that laughter and happiness cause Uncle Albert to float into the air, can be seen as a metaphor for the way laughter can "lighten" a mood. Conversely, thinking of something sad literally brings Albert and his visitors "down to earth" again. The song states a case strongly in favor of laughter, even if Mary Poppins appears to disapprove of Uncle Albert's behavior, especially since it not only complicates the task of getting Albert down, but the infectious mood sends Bert and the Banks children into the air as well. A snippet of the song plays again near the end of the film when Mr. Dawes Sr. starts laughing from the "wooden leg named Smith" joke, and starts floating around the boardroom. It is later stated by his son that he died while laughing. The scene is based on the chapter "Laughing Gas" in the book Mary Poppins by P.L. Travers. In the book, Mary's Uncle Albert, also called Mr. Wigg, is said to float because of an excess of "laughing gas", although it is clear that the term is not used in the chemical sense. This musical number also appears in the Sing-Along Songs series of Disney videos, though neither this song nor the Uncle Albert are featured in the 2004 stage musical version. A parody called "We Love To Smoke", sung by Julie Kavner as Patty and Selma Bouvier, was intended to be used in the episode "Simpsoncalifragilisticexpiala(Annoyed Grunt)cious" of The Simpsons, but was cut from the episode. It appears on the album "Go Simpsonic with The Simpsons" as track 49.

text:
# I Love to Laugh

**"I Love to Laugh"**, also called "**We Love to Laugh**", is a song from Walt Disney's 1964 film *Mary Poppins* which was composed by Richard M. Sherman and Robert B. Sherman. The song is sung in the film by "Uncle Albert" (Ed Wynn), and "Bert" (Dick Van Dyke) as they levitate uncontrollably toward the ceiling, eventually joined by Mary Poppins (Julie Andrews) herself. The premise of the scene, that laughter and happiness cause Uncle Albert (and like-minded visitors) to float into the air, can be seen as a metaphor for the way laughter can "lighten" a mood. (Compare Peter Pan's flight power, which is also powered by happy thoughts.) Conversely, thinking of something sad literally brings Albert and his visitors "down to earth" again. The song states a case strongly in favor of laughter, even if Mary Poppins appears to disapprove of Uncle Albert's behavior, especially since it not only complicates the task of getting Albert down, but the infectious mood sends Bert and the Banks children into the air as well.

A snippet of the song plays again near the end of the film when Mr. Dawes Sr. (Dick Van Dyke) starts laughing from the "wooden leg named Smith" joke, and starts floating around the boardroom. It is later stated by his son (Arthur Malet) that he died while laughing.

The scene is based on the chapter "Laughing Gas" in the book *Mary Poppins* by P.L. Travers. In the book, Mary's Uncle Albert, also called Mr. Wigg, is said to float because of an excess of "laughing gas", although it is clear that the term is not used in the chemical sense.

This musical number also appears in the *Sing-Along Songs* series of Disney videos, though neither this song nor the Uncle Albert are featured in the 2004 stage musical version.

A parody called "We Love To Smoke", sung by Julie Kavner as Patty and Selma Bouvier, was intended to be used in the episode "Simpsoncalifragilisticexpiala(Annoyed Grunt)cious" of *The Simpsons*, but was cut from the episode. It appears on the album "Go Simpsonic with The Simpsons" as track 49.

## Literary sources

## InfoBox

| "I Love to Laugh" | |
| --- | --- |
| Song by Dick Van Dyke, Ed Wynn and Julie Andrews | |
| from the album  *Mary Poppins: Original Cast Soundtrack* | |
| Released | 1964 (1964) |
| Label | Walt Disney |
| Songwriter(s) | The Sherman Brothers |


title: Pierson Ranch Recreation Area

abstract: Pierson Ranch Recreation Area is a state recreation area in Yankton County, South Dakota in the United States. The recreation area is 60 acres (24 ha) and lies directly below Gavins Point Dam and Lewis and Clark Lake and is adjacent to Lake Yankton. The area is open for year-round recreation including camping, swimming, fishing, hiking and boating. It is 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Yankton.

text:
# Pierson Ranch Recreation Area

**Pierson Ranch Recreation Area** is a state recreation area in Yankton County, South Dakota in the United States. The recreation area is 60 acres (24 ha) and lies directly below Gavins Point Dam and Lewis and Clark Lake and is adjacent to Lake Yankton. The area is open for year-round recreation including camping, swimming, fishing, hiking and boating. It is 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Yankton.

## Recreation

There are 67 campsites and 2 camper cabins. The area is popular for fishing, kayaking, and canoeing on Lake Yankton and the Missouri River. The campground was the first campground constructed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) in 1959 following construction of the nearby Gavins Point Dam. In 2001 legislation transferred management of the recreation area from USACE to the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks as a part of the Lewis & Clark Recreation Area.

## InfoBox

| Pierson Ranch Recreation Area | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of Pierson Ranch Recreation Area in South Dakota | |
| Location | Yankton, South Dakota, United States |
| Coordinates | 42°52′22″N 97°28′53″W / 42.872876°N 97.481406°W / 42.872876; -97.481406 |
| Area | 60 acres (24 ha) |
| Established | 1959 (as Corps Recreation area), 2001 (as South Dakota State Recreation Area) |
| Governing body | Owned by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - Omaha District, managed by South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks |
| Website | Pierson Ranch Recreation Area |


title: Olpiseius

abstract: Olpiseius is a genus of mites in the Phytoseiidae family.

text:
# Olpiseius

***Olpiseius*** is a genus of mites in the Phytoseiidae family.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Olpiseius* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Mesostigmata |
| Family: | Phytoseiidae |
| Genus: | *Olpiseius*<br>Beard, 2001 |
|


abstract:
The enzyme phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase catalyzes the chemical reaction
  - N-[(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteine ⇌ pantotheine 4'-phosphate + CO2 This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, to be specific the carboxy-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is N-[(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteine carboxy-lyase (pantotheine-4'-phosphate-forming). This enzyme participates in coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis from pantothenic acid.

text:
# Phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase

The enzyme **phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase** (EC 4.1.1.36) catalyzes the chemical reaction

N-\[(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl\]-L-cysteine $\rightleftharpoons $ pantotheine 4'-phosphate + CO2

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, to be specific the carboxy-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is **N-\[(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl\]-L-cysteine carboxy-lyase (pantotheine-4'-phosphate-forming)**. This enzyme participates in coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis from pantothenic acid.

## Structural studies

As of late 2007, 3 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1MVL, 1MVN, and 1QZU.

* Brown GM (1958). "Requirement of cytidine triphosphate for the biosynthesis of phosphopantetheine". *J. Am. Chem. Soc*. **80** (12): 3161. doi:10.1021/ja01545a062.
* Brown GM (February 1959). "The metabolism of pantothenic acid". *The Journal of Biological Chemistry*. **234** (2): 370–8. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)70307-4. PMID 13630913.

## InfoBox

| phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| EC no. | 4.1.1.36 |
| CAS no. | 9024-69-5 |
| Databases | |
| IntEnz | IntEnz view |
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry |
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view |
| KEGG | KEGG entry |
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway |
| PRIAM | profile |
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum |
| Gene Ontology | AmiGO / QuickGO |
| Search  PMC articles  PubMed articles  NCBI proteins | |


title: Yolmo people

abstract:
The Yolmo or Hyolmo are a people mainly from the Eastern and Northern Himalayan Regions of Nepal called Helambu.
They refer to themselves as the "Yolmowa" or "Yolmopa" and are native residents of the Helambu valleys and the surrounding regions of Northeastern Nepal. The combined population in these regions is around 11,000. They also have sizeable communities in Bhutan, Darjeeling, Sikkim and some regions of South-Western Tibet. They are among the 59 indigenous groups officially recognized by the Government of Nepal as having a distinct cultural identity and are also listed as one of the 645 Scheduled Tribes of India. The Yolmo people speak the Yolmo language of the Kyirong branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Accordingly, it has a high lexical similarity to Tibetan, although the two languages are not completely mutually intelligible.

text:
# Yolmo people

The **Yolmo** or **Hyolmo** (Tibetic: ཡོལ་མོ་) are a people mainly from the Eastern and Northern Himalayan Regions of Nepal called Helambu. They refer to themselves as the "*Yolmowa*" or "*Yolmopa*" and are native residents of the Helambu valleys (Melamchigyang, Nakote, Tarkegyang, Sermathang) (situated over 43.4 kilometres/27 miles and 44.1 kilometres/27.4 miles to the north of Kathmandu respectively) and the surrounding regions of Northeastern Nepal. The combined population in these regions is around 11,000. They also have sizeable communities in Bhutan, Darjeeling, Sikkim and some regions of South-Western Tibet. They are among the 59 indigenous groups officially recognized by the Government of Nepal as having a distinct cultural identity and are also listed as one of the 645 Scheduled Tribes of India.

The Yolmo people speak the Yolmo language of the Kyirong branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Accordingly, it has a high lexical similarity to Tibetan, although the two languages are not completely mutually intelligible.

## Etymology

The term "Yolmo" or "Hyolmo" consists of two separate words "Yul-" means "a place or area surrounded by high mountains", and "Mo", which means "goddess", indicating a place under the protection of a female deity. For centuries, Tibetan Buddhists have referred to the Helambu region using the term "Yolmo". In recent years, most people, Yolmos and otherwise, seem to prefer the name "Helambu". It is also often claimed that the name "Helambu" is derived from the Yolmo words for potatoes and radishes (*Hey* means "potato" and *lahbu* means "radish"). This etymology, however, is disputed and often considered spurious. Some refuters of this explanation argue that "Helambu" is an ambiguation of the word "Yolmo" phonetically contoured by the speakers of Nepali.

There is an ongoing discussion amongst Yolmo scholars regarding the spelling of "Yolmo" in the Latin script. Some favour "Yolmo" while others prefer "*Hyolmo*" or "*Yholmo*" wherein the presence of the letter "H" indicates that the first syllable of the word is spoken with a low, breathy tone. It is worth noting that Robert R. Desjarlais (except in his most recent work) and Graham E. Clarke (works cited below) both use "Yolmo", while the Nepal Aadivasi Janajati Mahasangh (Nepal Federation of Indigenous Nationalities) uses "Yolmo".

## Culture

### Society

The Yolmo tribe is organised into several clans, viz. Nyingma-Lama (Buram shyingpa), Shangba, Lhoba, Terngilinpa, Sarma-Lama, Lhalungpa, Lama Dhomare, Chyaba, Chujang, Dongba, Yerba, yonchhen, Gole, Thongtso, nyima hoser Lama all of which follow the patrilineal system of descent. "Bride-stealing" used to be a staple among their customs but it is no longer practiced or encouraged.

### Religion

Their primary religion is Tibetan Buddhism of the Nyingmapa school, intermixed with animism and paganism as incorporated within the general dimensions of Bon.

### Language

The Yolmo language shares high lexical similarities with Sherpa and Tibetan. It is traditionally transcribed in the Sambhoti (Tibetan) script, but many modern academics use the Devanagari script as well. The Hyolmo language is also very closely related to Kagate, another language of the Kyirong–Kagate language sub-group.

### Economy

Essentially, the Yolmo people are agriculturalists. Potatoes, radishes, and some other crops constitute their primary sustenance, along with milk and flesh from the yak which the Yolmo are known to herd. In the last few decades, the Helambu region has also become a popular site for tourism and trekking, and many Yolmowa are now employed in the tourism industry as tour-guides either in their own respective villages or in various other parts of Nepal.

### The "Kagate"

An ethnic group related to the Yolmowa are the Kagate (or *Kagatay*) who stem from the original Yolmo inhabitants of the Helambu, Melamchi Nimadumbu valleys. What distinguishes them is that the Kagate began migrating southeast from Helambu, and eventually, into the Ramechhap District over 100 years ago, and that they practiced the craft of paper-making during their peregrinations in order to make a living — thereby earning themselves the moniker "Kagate" (which is Nepali for "paper-maker"). They have since developed certain characteristics in their speech that are distinct from traditional Hyolmo. The Yolmo speaking groups in the Lamjung District and Ilam District have also historically been called "Kagate" although both groups claim a clear distinction between themselves and the Kagate of Ramechhap. However, "Yolmo" and "Kagate" are often used as terms for both the ethnic group and their dialect interchangeably.

## Distribution

### Nepal

According to the Nepal National Census of 2011, the population of the Yolmo people living within Nepal is 10,752, who are distributed over 11 districts of the country, and 99% of this population speak the Yolmo language. However, the number of monolingual Yolmo speakers is very low and on a gradual decline, as the number of monolingual Nepali-speaking Yolmo and bilingual Hyolmo with English as their second language increases. The largest Yolmo settlements in Nepal (and also internationally) are in the Helambu and Melamchi valleys which are home to over 10,000 Yolmo. A separate group of about 700 reside in the Lamjung district while some have settled closer to Pokhara. There are also a number of villages in the Ilam district where Yolmo is spoken.

### India

The Yolmos are listed as a Scheduled Tribe in the states of West Bengal and Sikkim in India.

### Bhutan and Tibet

The Yolmo language is also spoken by significant populations in Bhutan and the Gyirong County of southwestern Tibet.

## Further reading

* Bishop, Naomi H (1989). "From zomo to yak: Change in a Sherpa village". *Human Ecology*. **17** (2): 177–204. doi:10.1007/bf00889712. S2CID 154399059.
* Bishop, Naomi H. (1993). "Circular migration and families: A Hyolmo Sherpa example." *South Asia Bulletin* 13(1 & 2): 59-66.
* Bishop, Naomi H. (1997). *Himalayan herders*. Watertown, MA: Documentary Educational Resources. with John Melville Bishop (Writers).
* Bishop, Naomi H. (1998). *Himalayan herders*. Fort Worth; London: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
* Clarke, Graham E. (1980). *The temple and kinship amongst a Buddhist people of the Himalaya*. University of Oxford, Oxford.
* Clarke, Graham E (1980). "A Helambu History". *Journal of the Nepal Research Centre*. **4**: 1–38.
* Clarke, Graham E. (1980). "Lama and Tamang in Yolmo." *Tibetan Studies in honor of Hugh Richardson*. M. Aris and A. S. S. Kyi (eds). Warminster, Aris and Phillips: 79-86.
* Clarke, Graham E. (1983). "The great and little traditions in the study of Yolmo, Nepal." *Contributions on Tibetan language, history and culture*. E. Steinkellner and H. Tauscher (eds). Vienna, Arbeitskreis fuèr Tibetische und Buddhistische Studien, University of Vienna: 21-37.
* Clarke, Graham E (1985). "Hierarchy, status and social history in Nepal." *Contexts and Levels: Anthropological essays on hierarchy*". *JASO Occasional Papers*. **4** (1): 193–210.
* Clarke, Graham E (1990). "Ideas of merit (Bsod-nams), virtue (Dge-ba), blessing (byin-rlabs) and material prosperity (rten-'brel) in Highland Nepal". *Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford*. **21** (2): 165–184.
* Clarke, Graham E. (1991). "Nara (na-rang) in Yolmo: A social history of hell in Helambu." *Festschrift fuer Geza Uray*. M. T. Much (ed.). Vienna, Arbeitskreis fuer Tibetische und Buddhistische Studien, University of Vienna: 41-62.
* Clarke, Graham E (1995). "Blood and territory as idioms of national identity in Himalayan states". *Kailash*. **17** (3–4): 89–131.
* Corrias, S. (2004). "Il rito sciamanico Sherpa (Helambu, Nepal)." in G.B. Sychenko et al. (eds) *Music and ritual*, pp. 228–239. Novosibirsk: NGK. \[in Italian\]
* Desjarlais, Robert (1989). "Healing through images: The medical flight and healing geography of Nepali Shamans". *Ethos*. **17** (3): 289–307. doi:10.1525/eth.1989.17.3.02a00020.
* Desjarlais, Robert (1989). "Sadness, soul loss and healing among the Yolmo Sherpa." *Himalaya, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies*: 9(2): 1-4.
* Desjarlais, Robert (1991). "Dreams, divination and Yolmo ways of knowing". *Dreaming*. **1** (3): 211–224. doi:10.1037/h0094331.
* Desjarlais, Robert (1991). "Poetic transformations of Yolmo sadness". *Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry*. **15** (4): 387–420. doi:10.1007/bf00051326. PMID 1764949. S2CID 46544898.
* Desjarlais, Robert (1992). "Yolmo aesthetics of body, health and "soul loss"". *Social Science and Medicine*. **34** (10): 1105–1117. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(92)90284-w. PMID 1641672.
* Desjarlais, Robert (1992). *Body and emotion : the aesthetics of illness and healing in the Nepal Himalayas*. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press.
* Desjarlais, Robert (2000). "Echoes of a Yolmo Buddhist's life, in death". *Cultural Anthropology*. **15** (2): 260–293. doi:10.1525/can.2000.15.2.260.
* Desjarlais, Robert (2002). "'So: Ragged woman': The aesthetics and ethics of skilled action among Nepal's Yolmo Buddhists". *Ethnography*. **3** (2): 149–175. doi:10.1177/1466138102003002002. S2CID 143916495.
* Desjarlais, Robert (2003). *Sensory biographies: lives and deaths among Nepal's Yolmo Buddhists*. Berkeley: University of California Press.
* Desjarlais, Robert (2014). "Liberation upon hearing: Voice, morality, and death in a Buddhist world". *Ethos*. **42** (1): 101–118. doi:10.1111/etho.12041.
* Desjarlais, Robert (2016). *Subject to Death: Life and Loss in a Buddhist World.* Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
* Ehrhard, Franz-Karl (1997). "A 'Hidden Land' in the Tibetan-Nepalese Borderlands." In Alexander W. Macdonald (ed.) *Mandala and Landscape*, pp. 335-364. New Delhi: D.K. Printworld.
* Ehrhard, Franz-Karl (1997). "The lands are like a wiped golden basin": The Sixth Zhva-dmar-pa's Journey to Nepal. In S. Karmay and P. Sagant (eds) *Les habitants du Toit du monde*, pp. 125–138. Nanterre: Société d’ethnologie.
* Ehrhard, Franz-Karl (2004). "The Story of How bla-ma Karma Chos-bzang Came to Yol-mo": A Family Document from Nepal. In Shoun Hino and Toshihiro Wada (eds) *Three Mountains and Seven Rivers*, p. 581-600. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers.
* Ehrhard, Franz-Karl (2007). "A Forgotten Incarnation Lineage: The Yol-mo-ba Sprul-skus (16th to 18th Centuries)". In Ramon Prats (ed.) The Pandita and the Siddha: Tibetan Studies in Honour of E. Gene Smith, p. 25-49. Dharamsala: Amnye Machen Institute.
* Gawne, Lauren (2010). "Lamjung Yolmo: a dialect of Yolmo, also known as Helambu Sherpa". *Nepalese Linguistics*. **25**: 34–41.
* Gawne, Lauren (2011). *Lamjung Yolmo-Nepali-English dictionary.* Melbourne, Custom Book Centre; The University of Melbourne.
* Gawne, Lauren (2011). "Reported speech in Lamjung Yolmo". *Nepalese Linguistics*. **26**: 25–35.
* Gawne, Lauren (2013). *Lamjung Yolmo copulas in use: Evidentiality, reported speech and questions*. PhD thesis, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne.
* Gawne, Lauren (2013). "Notes on the relationship between Yolmo and Kagate". *Himalayan Linguistics*. **12** (2): 1–27.
* Gawne, Lauren (2014). "Similar languages, different dictionaries: A discussion of the Lamjung Yolmo and Kagate dictionary projects." In Ghil'ad Zuckermann, J. Miller & J. Morley (eds.), *Endangered Words, Signs of Revival*. Adelaide: AustraLex.
* Gawne, Lauren (2014). "Evidentiality in Lamjung Yolmo". *Journal of the South East Asian Linguistics Society*. **7**: 76–96.
* Gawne, Lauren (2015). Language documentation and division: Bridging the digital divide. *Digital Studies*.
* Gawne, Lauren (forthcoming). *A sketch grammar of Lamjung Yolmo*. Canberra: Asia Pacific Linguistics.
* Goldstein, Melvyn C (1975). "Preliminary notes on marriage and kinship among the Sherpas of Helambu". *Contributions to Nepalese Studies*. **2** (1): 57–69.
* Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1980). "Growing old in Helambu: Aging, migration and family structure among Sherpas." *Contributions to Nepalese studies* 8(1): 41-56. with Cynthia M. Beall.
* Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1983). "High altitude hypoxia, culture, and human fecundity/fertility: A comparative study." *American Anthropologist* 85(1): 28-49. with Paljor Tsarong & Cynthia M. Beall.
* Grierson, George Abraham. (1909/1966). *Linguistic survey of India* (2d ed.). Delhi: M. Banarsidass. \[for mention of Kagate only\]
* Hári, Anna Mária (2000). *Good news, the New Testament in Helambu Sherpa*. Kathmandu: Samdan Publishers.
* Hári, Anna Mária (2004). *Dictionary Yolhmo-Nepali-English*. Kathmandu: Central Department of Linguistics, Tribhuvan University. with Chhegu Lama.
* Hári, Anna Mária (2010). *Yohlmo Sketch Grammar*. Kathmandu: Ekta books.
* Hedlin, Matthew (2011). *An Investigation of the relationship between the Kyirong, Yòlmo, and Standard Spoken Tibetan speech varieties*. Masters thesis, Payap University, Chiang Mai.
* Mitchell, Jessica R. and Stephanie R. Eichentopf (2013). Sociolinguistic survey of Kagate: Language vitality and community desires. Kathmandu: Central Department of Linguistics Tribhuvan University, Nepal and SIL International.
* Parkhomenko, N.A. and G.B. Sychenko (2004). "Shyab-ru: Round dance-Songs of the Sherpa-Yolmo of Nepal." in G.B. Sychenko et al. (eds) *Music and ritual*, pp. 269–285. Novosibirsk: NGK. \[in Russian\]
* Pokharel, Binod (2005). "Adaptation and identity of Yolmo". *Occasional Papers in Sociology and Anthropology*. **9**: 91–119. doi:10.3126/opsa.v9i0.1137.
* Sato, Seika (2006). "Discourse and practice of Janajt-building: Creative (dis)junctions with local communities among the people from Yolmo". *Studies in Nepali History and Society*. **11** (2): 355–388.
* Sato, Seika (2007). "I Don't Mind Being Born a Woman the status and agency of women in Yolmo Nepal."*Social Dynamics in Northern South Asia, Vol. 1: Nepalis Inside and Outside Nepal*. H. Ishii, D. N. Gellner & K. Nawa (eds). New Delhi: Manohar, 191-222
* Sato, Seika (2007). "「私は行かないといった」ネパール・ヨルモ女性の結婚をめぐる語りにみる主体性 \['I said I wouldn’t go’: Exploring agency in the narratives of marriage by women from Yolmo, Nepal\]" *東洋文化研究所紀要* 152: 472-424(137–185). \[In Japanese\]
* Sato, Seika (2007). "Crossing 'capture' out: On the marginality of the capture marriage tactics in Yolmo, Nepal". *帝京社会学第*. **20**: 71–100.
* Sato, Seika (2008). "'We women have to get married off': Obedience, accommodation, and resistance in the narrative of a Yolmo woman from Nepal". *Studies in Nepali History and Society*. **13** (2): 265–296.
* Sato, Seika (2009). "彼女との長い会話 あるネパール女性のライフ・ストーリー (pt. 1)\[A long conversation with Ngima: the life story of a woman from Yolmo, Nepal (pt. 1)\]." *帝京社会学第* 22: 69-104. \[In Japanese\]
* Sato, Seika (2010). "彼女との長い会話 あるネパール女性のライフ・ストーリー" (pt. 2)\[A long conversation with Ngima: the life story of a woman from Yolmo, Nepal (pt. 2)\]. *帝京社会学第* 23: 171-240. \[In Japanese\]
* Sychenko, G.B. (2009). "In the place, where angels live (Musical ethnographic expedition in Nepal, 2007, part 1)." in *Siberian ethnological expedition: Comparative research of the process of transformation of intonational cultures of Siberia and Nepal*, pp. 104–125. Novosibirsk: NGK. \[in Russian\]
* Sychenko, G.B. and A.V. Zolotukhina (2012). "Hyolmo of Nepal: Ritual, myth, music." in *Pax Sonoris* N. \[In Russian\]
* Torri, Davide (2008). "Il sacro diffuso. Religione e pratica sciamanica presso l'etnia himalayana degli Yolmo." *Scritture di Storia* 5: 7-32. \[in Italian\]
* Torri, Davide (2011). "Shamanic Traditions and Music among the Yolmos of Nepal." *Musikè International Journal of Ethnomusicological Studies* 5, III(1): 81-93.
* Torri, Davide (2013). "Between a rock and a hard place: Himalayanencounters with human and other-than-human opponents." *Shamanism and violence: Power, repression and suffering in indigenous religious conflict*. D. Riboli & D. Torri (eds.). Abingdon: Ashgate.
* Torri, Davide (forthcoming). *Il Lama e il Bombo. Sciamanismo e Buddhismo tra gli Hyolmo del Nepal.* Rome: Sapienza. \[In Italian\]
* Zolotukhina, A.V. (2011). "Rural ritual and secular traditions in the urban context: Music of Hyolmo (Kathmandu, Nepal)." in *Musical urban culture as an artistic and social problem: Proceedings of the Scientific Conference (April, 2011)*, pp. 67–74. Novosibirsk: NGK. With G.B. Sychenko. \[in Russian\]
* Zolotukhina, A.V. (2012). "Ritual Phurdok (pur-pa puja) and its musical features." in *Music and time* 1:32-36. \[In Russian\]


title: W. D. Bradley

abstract: William Duncan Bradley was an American politician and member of the Democratic Party. A native of Fife, Texas, Bradley sat on the Oklahoma House of Representatives from 1952 to 1982. Upon leaving the state legislature, Bradley served as city manager of Waurika on a volunteer basis. He died on March 28, 1992, aged 79.

text:
# W. D. Bradley

**William Duncan Bradley** (January 13, 1913 – March 28, 1992) was an American politician and member of the Democratic Party.

A native of Fife, Texas, Bradley sat on the Oklahoma House of Representatives from 1952 to 1982. Upon leaving the state legislature, Bradley served as city manager of Waurika on a volunteer basis. He died on March 28, 1992, aged 79.

## InfoBox

| William Duncan Bradley | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 49th district | |
| **In office**<br>1952-1982 | |
| Succeeded by | William K. Brewster |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Vans US Open of Surfing 2015

abstract: The Vans US Open of Surfing 2015 was an event of the Association of Surfing Professionals for 2015 ASP World Tour. This event was held from July 27 to August 2 in Huntington Beach, California, United States. The women's tournament was won by Johanne Defay of France, who beat Australian Sally Fitzgibbons in the final. The winner of the men's tournament was Hiroto Ohhara of Japan, with Tanner Hendrickson of Hawaii coming in second.

text:
# Vans US Open of Surfing 2015

The **Vans US Open of Surfing 2015** was an event of the Association of Surfing Professionals for 2015 ASP World Tour.

This event was held from July 27 to August 2 in Huntington Beach, California, United States.

The women's tournament was won by Johanne Defay of France, who beat Australian Sally Fitzgibbons in the final. The winner of the men's tournament was Hiroto Ohhara of Japan, with Tanner Hendrickson of Hawaii coming in second.

## Women

### Round 1

### Round 2

### Round 3

### Round 4

### Quarter finals

### Semi finals

### Final

## InfoBox

| Vans US Open of Surfing | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Huntington Beach, California, United States |
| Dates | July 27 to August 2 |
| Competitors | 18 from 7 nations |
| Medalists | |
| France  Australia | |
|


title: Polish Soldier Square

abstract: The Polish Soldier Square, also commonly referred to as the Flower Avenue, is an urban square in Szczecin, Poland, located at the bounry of neighbourhoods of Centrum and Old Town, within the Downtown district. To the north and south of the square are placed roads, which intersect with Independence Avenue, Emancipation Avenue, Pope John Paul II Avenue, and Bałuki Street to the west, and with Jana Matejki Street and Castle Way to the east. The square was established in 1725, and was formerly known as the White Parade Square until 1809, and later as the King Square until 1945.

text:
# Polish Soldier Square

The **Polish Soldier Square**, also commonly referred to as the **Flower Avenue**, is an urban square in Szczecin, Poland, located at the bounry of neighbourhoods of Centrum and Old Town, within the Downtown district. To the north and south of the square are placed roads, which intersect with Independence Avenue, Emancipation Avenue, Pope John Paul II Avenue, and Bałuki Street to the west, and with Jana Matejki Street and Castle Way to the east. The square was established in 1725, and was formerly known as the **White Parade Square** until 1809, and later as the **King Square** until 1945.

## History

The formation of the square begun in 1725, and followed for around twenty years, during which sections of the moat were filled in with the rubble from the former city walls. At first, its eastern portion was the location of military training exercises. Numerous parades and events began to be held at the square, and it came to be known as the White Parade Square (German: *Weisser Paradeplatz*; Polish: *Biały Plac Parad*).

On 10 October 1793, a monument of Frederick the Great, the King of Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg from 1740 to 1786, was unveiled at the square. It was designed by Johann Gottfried Schadow and made from marble. In 1877, as the statue begun deteriorating due to atmospheric damage, it was relocated inside, to the nearby Pomeranian Estates Parliamentary Building. In its place at the square was placed a bronze replica.

At the turn of 19th century, alongside the square were constructed representative tenements, including Palace under the Heads, Pomeranian Estates Parliamentary Building, and the Grey Castle. In 1806, it was renamed to the King Square (German: *Königsplatz*; Polish: *Plac Królewski*).

On 17 October 1848, a monument of Frederick William III of Prussia, the emperor King of Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg from 1797 to 1840, was unveiled there. It was made by Friedrich Drake, and did not remain to the present day. In 1949 the City Theatre opened next to the square. It was later greatly expanded between 1899 and 1904, and eventually deconstructed in 1954.

On 1 November 1894, a monument dedicated to William I, emperor of Germany from 1871 to 1888, was unveiled at the square. It was designed by sculptor Karl Hilgers. It consisted of a bronze statue of the emperor on a horse, placed on a stone pedestal, with bronze sculptures of the soldiers around it.

The square was bombed in 1944 during World War II, during which nearby Grey Castle tenement was destroyed. In 1945, it was renamed to the Theatre Square (Polish: *Plac Teatralny*; German: *Theater Platz*). In May 1946, it was again renamed to the Polish Soldier Square, in honour of the Victory Day. Despite that, the former name remained in some official use until 1950.

During the conflict, the statues of the soldiers in the William I Monument were taken down to be melted for materials. After the end of the war, on 31 July 1945, the monument was torn down by the Polish inhabitants of the city. The statue was then taken to Denmark and melted. It was used to manufacture the replica of the Prince Józef Antoni Poniatowski Monument in Warsaw, which was destroyed during the war.

In its place, on 26 April 1950, was unveiled the Monument of Graduate to the Soviet Army. It consisted of a 17-metre-tall obelisk made from reinforced concrete covered in sandstone tiles, a sculpture of a soldier and worker holding hands, and a concrete sculpture of a Soviet five-side star on the top. Unveiled on the 5th anniversary of the city being captured by the Red Army in World War II, the monument was dedicated to the Soviet soldiers who fought in the conflict. Following the fall of the Soviet Union, and decommunization of Poland, the monument attracted many controversies and calls for its deconstruction, being seen as the symbol of Soviet control of the country. The Soviet star was taken down in 1992, and the entire monument was deconstructed in November 2017.

In 1959, a plaque was placed at the square commemorating the 25th anniversary of the establishment of the Polish scouting and guiding organization structures in the city. It was installed in the former location of the monument of Frederick the Great.

Until 2011, the square hosted a flower market, which led to it being nicknamed as the Flower Avenue to the present day.

The Polish Soldier Square was renovated and rebuilt between 2011 and 2012. At its eastern end, at the pavement was installed a large sundial. The main avenue was decorated with modernist light installation and sculptures of metal boxes, as well as small and shallow water canals. At its western end was constructed a pavilion known as the Szczecin Meeting Point. It has a form of a one-storey-tall cuboid, with structure made out of a weathering steel, façade covered in glass panels, and most of its usable area located underground. Originally it hosted a coffeehouse, and since 2016, it is a visitor centre.

In 2019, part of the square, located between Pope John Paul II, Independence Avenue, and Aviators Square, which previously included the Monument of Graduate to the Soviet Army, was separated into a new separate Paweł Adamowicz Square. It was named after Paweł Adamowicz, mayor of Gdańsk from 1998 until his assassination in 2019. The square was renovated and rebuilt, and opened on 27 September 2019.

## Characteristics

The Polish Soldier Square has the form of an oblong rectangle avenue, with rows of linden trees on its sides. At its eastern end, in the pavement is installed a large sundial. The main avenue is decorated with modernist light installation and sculptures of metal boxes, as well as small and shallow water canals. At its western end is located a pavilion known as the Szczecin Meeting Point. It has a form of a one-storey-tall cuboid, with structure made out of a weathering steel, façade covered in glass panels, and most of its usable area located underground. Currently, it functions as a visitor centre.

To the north and south of the square are placed roads, which intersect with Independence Avenue, Emancipation Avenue, Pope John Paul II Avenue, and Bałuki Street to the west, and with Jana Matejki Street and Castle Way to the east. To the south it also connects with Tkacka Street and Staromłyńska Street. To the west is located the Paweł Adamowicz Square, and to the northeast, the Prussian Homage Square.

The square also includes a plaque commemorating the 25th anniversary of the establishment of the Polish scouting and guiding organization structures in the city, and one of the historical 19th-century city water pumps.

The square is surrounded by tenement buildings, including the Palace under the Heads, and the Pomeranian Estates Parliamentary Building, which houses the Szczecin National Museum.

1. *Encyklopedia Szczecina*, vol. 2: *A–O*. Szczecin: University of Szczecin, 2000, p. 735–736. ISBN 83-87341-45-2. (in Polish)
2. *Encyklopedia Szczecina*, vol. 2: *P–Ż*. Szczecin: University of Szczecin 2000, p. 147–148. ISBN 83-7241-089-5. (in Polish)
3. *Historia Pomorza*, vol. 3, issue 3. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Poznańskie, 1969, p. 34. (in Polish)
4. Marek Jaszczyński (14 May 2022). "Wznosił się przy Königsplatz 13. Tak wyglądał Teatr Miejski w Szczecinie \[ZDJĘCIA\]". *szczecin.naszemiasgo.pl* (in Polish).
5. *Encyklopedia Szczecina*, vol. 2: *P–Ż*. Szczecin: University of Szczecin, 2000, p. 151–154. ISBN 83-7241-089-5. (in Polish)
6. S. Bursewicz: "Nazwy szczecińskich ulic 1945-2004. Cz.1: Do roku 1956", *Kronika Szczecina 2003*, no. 22, p. 119-152. Szczecin, 2004. (in Polish)
7. Andrzej Kraśnicki Jr. (25 April 2014). "Jak ocalała radziecka gwiazda z pomnika Wdzięczności \[25 LAT MINĘŁO\*\]". *szczecin.wyborcza pl* (in Polish).
8. "Pomnik Wdzięczności dla Armii Czerwonej zniknął. Taka jest teraz perspektywa al. Papieża Jana Pawła II \[ZDJĘCIA\]". *szczecin.wyborcza pl* (in Polish). 19 November 2017.
9. "Tablica pamiątkowa poświęcona 'Harcerstwu w Szczecinie'". *um.szczecin.pl* (in Polish).
10. "Te miejsca znali wszyscy. Teraz można je oglądać tylko na archiwalnych fotografiach". *wszczecinie.pl* (in Polish). 11 November 2022.
11. Tomasz Sachanowicz (16 October 2012). "Nowy pawilon promuje Szczecin. Mieszkańcy: 'szklana pułapka', 'akwarium' \[ZDJĘCIA\]". *bryla.pl* (in Polish).
12. "Aleja Kwiatowa w Szczecinie". *budolux.pl* (in Polish).
13. "'Szklana pułapka' znów będzie otwarta. Miejsce dla turystów zamiast kawiarni". *szczecin.wyborcza.pl* (in Polish). 29 November 2016.
14. "Plac Adamowicza w Szczecinie nareszcie gotowy \[zdjęcia\]". 27 September 2019.
15. "Przedwiosenne cięcie lip". *24kurier.pl* (in Polish). 5 March 2019.
16. "Street water pumps". *visitszczecin.eu*.

## InfoBox

Polish Soldier Square
| The Polish Soldier Square in 2021. | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Former name(s) | * White Parade Square (1725–1809) * King Square (1809–1945) * Theatre Square (1945–1946) |
| Type | Urban square |
| Location | Szczecin, Poland |
| Coordinates | 53°25′42.2″N 14°33′17.6″E / 53.428389°N 14.554889°E / 53.428389; 14.554889 |
| East |  |
| South |  |
| West |  |
| Construction | |
| Completion | 1725 |


title: Platymaia rebierei

abstract: Platymaia rebierei is a species of crab in the family Inachidae.

text:
# Platymaia rebierei

***Platymaia rebierei*** is a species of crab in the family Inachidae.

## InfoBox

| *Platymaia rebierei* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Malacostraca |
| Order: | Decapoda |
| Suborder: | Pleocyemata |
| Infraorder: | Brachyura |
| Family: | Inachidae |
| Genus: | *Platymaia* |
| Species: | ***P. rebierei*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Platymaia rebierei***<br>Guinot & Richer de Forges, 1986 | |
|


title: Secret Svensson

abstract: Secret Svensson is a 1933 Swedish comedy film directed by Schamyl Bauman and starring Fridolf Rhudin, Weyler Hildebrand and Edvard Persson.

text:
# Secret Svensson

***Secret Svensson*** (Swedish:***Hemliga Svensson***) is a 1933 Swedish comedy film directed by Schamyl Bauman and starring Fridolf Rhudin, Weyler Hildebrand and Edvard Persson.

## Cast

1. Qvist & von Bagh p.124

## Bibliography

* Qvist, Per Olov & von Bagh, Peter. *Guide to the Cinema of Sweden and Finland*. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000.

## InfoBox

| Secret Svensson | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Schamyl Bauman |
| Written by | Schamyl Bauman
Oscar Rydqvist |
| Starring | Fridolf Rhudin
Weyler Hildebrand
Edvard Persson |
| Cinematography | Harald Ernst Westerberg |
| Edited by | Emil A. Lingheim |
| Music by | Erik Baumann |
| Production
company | Europa Film |
| Release date | * 26 December 1933 (1933-12-26) |
| Running time | 100 minutes |
| Country | Sweden |
| Language | Swedish |


title: Pierson Creek (James River tributary)

abstract: Pierson Creek or Pearson Creek is a stream in southeastern Greene County in the Ozarks of southwest Missouri. The stream is a tributary of the James River. The source area for the stream is about two miles west of Strafford and the stream flows south passing under I-44 then turns to the southwest. The stream enters the eastern portion of Springfield and turns south again as it crosses under Cherry Street. It flows under Missouri Route D and joins the James River about three miles northeast of the U.S. Route 60/U.S. Route 65 interchange of south Springfield. The stream headwaters are at 37°16′29″N 93°09′25″W and the confluence with the James River is at 37°09′50″N 93°11′48″W. The confluence is at an elevation of 1,155 feet (352 m) and the elevation of the source is approximately 1,438 feet (438 m). The stream is the location of the type section for the Pierson Limestone as exposed near the Route D crossing. The stream was named for a mill on the stream which was built by Jerry Pearson in 1828–31. Pearson had acquired rights to the property from the Delaware Indians.

text:
# Pierson Creek (James River tributary)

**Pierson Creek** or **Pearson Creek** is a stream in southeastern Greene County in the Ozarks of southwest Missouri. The stream is a tributary of the James River.

The source area for the stream is about two miles west of Strafford and the stream flows south passing under I-44 then turns to the southwest. The stream enters the eastern portion of Springfield and turns south again as it crosses under Cherry Street. It flows under Missouri Route D and joins the James River about three miles northeast of the U.S. Route 60/U.S. Route 65 interchange of south Springfield.

The stream headwaters are at 37°16′29″N 93°09′25″W / 37.27472°N 93.15694°W / 37.27472; -93.15694 and the confluence with the James River is at 37°09′50″N 93°11′48″W / 37.16389°N 93.19667°W / 37.16389; -93.19667. The confluence is at an elevation of 1,155 feet (352 m) and the elevation of the source is approximately 1,438 feet (438 m).

The stream is the location of the type section for the Pierson Limestone as exposed near the Route D crossing.

The stream was named for a mill on the stream which was built by Jerry Pearson in 1828–31. Pearson had acquired rights to the property from the Delaware Indians.


title: Nanotech (anthology)

abstract: Nanotech is a 1998 anthology of science fiction short stories revolving around nanotechnology and its effects. It is edited by American writers Jack Dann and Gardner Dozois.

text:
# Nanotech (anthology)

***Nanotech*** is a 1998 anthology of science fiction short stories revolving around nanotechnology and its effects. It is edited by American writers Jack Dann and Gardner Dozois.

## Contents

## InfoBox

Nanotech
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Editors | Jack Dann and Gardner Dozois |
| Cover artist | Doug Struthers |
| Language | English |
| Series | Jack Dann and Gardner Dozois Ace anthology series |
| Genre | Science fiction |
| Publisher | Ace Books |
| Publication date | 1998 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (Paperback) |
| Pages | 276 |
| ISBN | 0-441-00585-3 |
| OCLC | 40448509 |
| Preceded by | *Immortals* |
| Followed by | *Future War* |


title: Olpidiaceae

abstract: Olpidiaceae is a fungal plant pathogen family of genera that was placed in the order Olpidiales.

text:
# Olpidiaceae

**Olpidiaceae** is a fungal plant pathogen family of genera that was placed in the order Olpidiales.

## Taxonomy

Based on the work of Philippe Silar and "The Mycota: A Comprehensive Treatise on Fungi as Experimental Systems for Basic and Applied Research" and synonyms from "Part 1- Virae, Prokarya, Protists, Fungi".

## InfoBox

| Olpidiaceae | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | **Olpidiomycota** |
| Class: | **Olpidiomycetes** |
| Order: | **Olpidiales** |
| Family: | **Olpidiaceae**<br>Schröter, 1889 |
|
| Genera | |
|  | |


title: Phosphoprotein

abstract: A phosphoprotein is a protein that is posttranslationally modified by the attachment of either a single phosphate group, or a complex molecule such as 5'-phospho-DNA, through a phosphate group. The target amino acid is most often serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues, or aspartic acid or histidine residues.

text:
# Phosphoprotein

A **phosphoprotein** is a protein that is posttranslationally modified by the attachment of either a single phosphate group, or a complex molecule such as 5'-phospho-DNA, through a phosphate group. The target amino acid is most often serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues (mostly in eukaryotes), or aspartic acid or histidine residues (mostly in prokaryotes).

## Biological function

The phosphorylation of proteins is a major regulatory mechanism in cells.

## Clinical significance

Phosphoproteins have been proposed as biomarkers for breast cancer.


title: YouTube BrandConnect

abstract: YouTube BrandConnect is an interactive entertainment company founded in 2013 and headquartered in Santa Monica, California. The company develops and maintains an Influencer Marketing link sharing platform. As of 2016, the company has been a subsidiary of Google, grouped under their YouTube division.

text:
# YouTube BrandConnect

**YouTube BrandConnect** (formerly **FameBit**) is an interactive entertainment company founded in 2013 and headquartered in Santa Monica, California.

The company develops and maintains an Influencer Marketing link sharing platform. As of 2016, the company has been a subsidiary of Google, grouped under their YouTube division.

## History

### As independent company

FameBit was formed in 2013 by high school friends Agnes Kozera, and David Kierzkowski. Kierzkowski had previously co-founded the digital marketing platform TapClicks. He was approached by Kozera who was the founder of SeasonsBox, a subscription based gift delivery service, which had used social media influencers for advertising. The two developed FameBit as a link sharing platform which allowed companies to post offers to influencers.

In February 2014 FameBit was one of two Canadian based companies accepted into 500 Startups venture fund.

By 2015 FameBit had signed up about 9,000 YouTubers, and had run about 1,600 campaigns for about 1200 brands. At the time the average subscriber count for a FameBit Influencer was 46,000.

By the end of the 2015 that number had risen to 21,000 across 6 social media platforms (Vine, Twitter, Facebook, Tumblr, Instagram, & YouTube)

By 2016, FameBit had been used in the creation of about 25,000 branded videos, with and estimated 2 billion minutes of viewing time.

### Acquisition by Google

On October 11, 2016, Google acquired Famebit, for what was later disclosed to be $USD 36 million. At the time of purchase, FameBit claimed 50,000 registered users. Google planned to merge the platform within their YouTube division.

Since being acquired by Google, FameBit has allowed marketers to retarget videos made on FameBit to viewers via Google's Ads.

In 2020, FameBit shut down its self-service program which allowed creators to independently find brands to work with.

On June 16, 2020, the company rebranded as YouTube BrandConnect.

## Business Model

FameBit acts as a platform for companies to post requests for social media content creators to advertise products and services, for a negotiable fee. FameBit receives 10% of this fee.

## Controversy

FameBit has been criticized by brands for allowing YouTubers to join without verifying their followers. FameBit has also been criticized by Content Creators for banning them from the platform due to brand disputes.

Several employees have claimed that FameBit promotes a toxic work environment, with 3 out of 4 of their Glassdoor reviews awarding the company 1 star.

## InfoBox

YouTube BrandConnect
| Current logo as a subsidiary of YouTube | |
| --- | --- |
| Type of business | Private |
| Founded | 2013 |
| Headquarters | Santa Monica, California, United States |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Founder(s) | Agnes Kozera, and David Kierzkowski |
| Industry | Influencer marketing |
| Employees | 11-50 |
| URL | www.famebit.com |


title: WKTV

abstract: WKTV is a television station in Utica, New York, United States, affiliated with NBC and CBS. Owned by Heartland Media, the station has studios on Smith Hill Road in Deerfield, and its transmitter is located in the Eatonville section of Fairfield.

text:
# WKTV

**WKTV** (channel 2) is a television station in Utica, New York, United States, affiliated with NBC and CBS. Owned by Heartland Media, the station has studios on Smith Hill Road in Deerfield (with a Utica postal address), and its transmitter is located in the Eatonville section of Fairfield.

## History

The station launched on December 1, 1949, as Utica's first television station, operating on very high frequency (VHF) channel 13. It was the 93rd television station in the United States to sign on. This made Utica one of the smallest cities in the nation with a television station. It was owned by Copper City Broadcasting Corporation, controlled by Myron Kallet, along with WKAL (1450 AM). As the only station in its area, it was affiliated with all four major networks at the time: NBC, DuMont, ABC, and CBS, with NBC being its primary affiliation. It lost DuMont in 1956 following the network's closure, and lost CBS soon afterward following a dispute with the network; after that, WHEN-TV/WTVH in Syracuse served as the default CBS affiliate for the Utica area until 2015.

The station was a major beneficiary of a quirk in the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)'s plan for allocating stations. In the early days of broadcast television, there were twelve VHF channels available and 69 UHF channels (later reduced to 55 in 1983). The VHF bands were more desirable because they carried longer distances and many television receivers lacked optional UHF tuners. Since there were only twelve VHF channels available, there were limitations as to how closely the stations could be spaced.

After the FCC's Sixth Report and Order ended the license freeze and opened the UHF band in 1952, it devised a plan for allocating VHF licenses. Under this plan, almost all of the country would be able to receive two commercial VHF channels plus one noncommercial channel. Most of the rest of the country ("1/2") would be able to receive a third VHF channel. Other areas would be designated as "UHF islands" since they were too close to larger cities for VHF service. The "2" networks became CBS and NBC, "+1" represented non-commercial educational stations, and "1/2" became ABC (which was the weakest network usually winding up with the UHF allocation where no VHF was available).

However, Utica was sandwiched between Albany, New York (channels 4 (later 6) and 10, later joined by 13) to the east, Syracuse (channels , 5, and ) to the west, Binghamton (channel 12) to the south, and Watertown (channel ) and BurlingtonPlattsburgh (channels  and ) to the north. This resulted in the Utica market having only *one* VHF license; WKTV was fortunate enough to gain that license, and as a result remained the only television station based in Utica for its first 21 years of existence. Although there were no allocations of channels 2, 8, and 11 in the immediate area, channel  was occupied in Buffalo, channel 11 was occupied in New York City, and channel 8 was occupied in New Haven and later Rochester, which were all too close to Utica to reallocate at the time.

In 1951, a young local radio announcer named Dick Clark joined the staff at WKTV. He quickly gathered a loyal following. Clark's father was the manager of Utica radio station WRUN (1150 AM, later to become WUTI and shut down in 2013; and 104.3 FM, now WFRG-FM), and his son wanted to avoid the name recognition factor. To avoid confusion, the younger Clark became known on-air as "Dick Clay". Eventually, Clark would anchor the weeknight newscasts on WKTV (replacing Robert Earle, who would later host the *GE College Bowl*). In 1952, Clark departed WKTV for WFIL AM-FM-TV in Philadelphia.

In 1958, Kallet sold WKTV and WKAL to a group led by Paul Harron and Gordon Gray, who had previously owned WIBG AM-FM in Philadelphia and WPFH in Wilmington, Delaware. Soon afterward, on January 1, 1959, WKTV moved to VHF channel 2 in a dial realignment, which allowed WTRI (channel 35) in Albany to move to channel 13 (where it became WAST, now WNYT), and (along with the earlier move of a channel 13 allocation in Hamilton, Ontario to channel 11, becoming CHCH-TV) led to a channel 13 allocation being assigned to Rochester (which signed on in 1962 as WOKR and is now WHAM-TV). With the switch, WKTV upgraded its signal and began to cover a fairly wide area stretching from as far south as the Catskill Mountains, as far east as The Berkshires in Western Massachusetts and into Southern Ontario, Canada. The Harron/Gray group, Mid-New York Broadcasting, sold WKAL in 1961, but retained WKTV, and in subsequent years acquired several additional stations, including KAUZ-TV in Wichita Falls, Texas, and WMTW-FM-TV on Mount Washington, New Hampshire. Harron also operated a chain of cable systems in the Northeastern United States, including a system in Utica, Central New York Cable TV (later Harron Cable TV) built in 1963. The company eventually became known as Harron Communications Corporation.

WKTV enjoyed a monopoly in the Utica television market until February 28, 1970, when WUTR signed on as an ABC affiliate. WKTV then became affiliated solely with NBC, and is now one of the network's longest-serving affiliates. In the mid-1980s, the FCC ruled on cross-ownership of broadcast, cable and print media in the same market. The FCC grandfathered Harron. A few years later Harron acquired a cable system in nearby Canajoharie, New York, then owned by a local appliance dealer. The Canajoharie plant extended well within a 20-mile (32 km) contour of WKTV's Middleville transmitter site. The FCC revoked Harron's grandfather status and required divestiture of either its cable or television assets in the region. In 1992, Harron sold controlling interest in WKTV to Smith Broadcasting (the cable system was later sold to Adelphia and is now part of Charter Communications). In 2004, Boston Ventures, acquired the Smith Broadcasting stations, and formed Smith Media, LLC, after founder Bob Smith died in 2003.

WKTV has been broadcasting its digital signal on UHF channel 29 since May 2006 and in high definition starting with the 2008 Summer Olympics. The station signed off its analog signal on February 18, 2009, and began broadcasting exclusively in digital. This left some viewers without a reachable signal and others looking for an outdoor UHF antenna. To continue serving those areas, WKTV began simulcasting its weekday newscasts at noon and 5 p.m. on WUTQ (1550 AM, now WUSP) and WADR (1480 AM, now WRCK). In May 2011, the radio stations began simulcasting the second hour of WKTV's weekday morning show. On March 16, 2012, WUTQ-FM (100.7 FM), then simulcasting WUTQ/WRCK, began simulcasting the newscasts. WUTQ/WRCK broke from the simulcast later that year when WUTQ-FM owner Ken Roser sold the stations to Good Guys Broadcasting Corporation. WUTQ-FM continues to simulcast WKTV's 5 p.m. newscast and its weekday morning show; however, it now simulcasts the first hour due to an expansion of its popular morning talk show *Talk Of The Town*.

Due to an ongoing retransmission dispute, Time Warner Cable replaced WKTV with fellow NBC affiliate WBRE-TV from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, on December 16, 2010. WKTV-DT2 was also dropped and eventually replaced by HBO Family. On the same date, rival WUTR began to be seen in the Burlington, Vermont–Plattsburgh, New York, market on Time Warner Cable after sister station WVNY was dropped for the same reason. Nexstar Broadcasting Group, owner of WBRE, and Mission Broadcasting (a broadcaster whose stations are operated by Nexstar), owner of WUTR, opposed the use of their stations as replacement programming and requested the Time Warner Cable franchise for the affected regions be revoked. WKTV and Time Warner reached an agreement, the terms of which both sides refused to reveal, on January 8, 2011, allowing WKTV and the CW subchannel to return to the cable system the next day. (Ironically, WVNY would later be sold to Mission Broadcasting, making it a sister station to WUTR.)

On October 1, 2013, Smith Media reached a deal to sell WKTV to Heartland Media, a newly-formed company owned by former Gray Television executive Bob Prather. The sale was completed on March 20, 2014. WKTV launched a third digital subchannel eight months later on November 10, carrying programming from MeTV.

## Subchannel history

### WKTV-DT2

**WKTV-DT2** is the CBS-affiliated second digital subchannel of WKTV, broadcasting in 720p high definition on channel 2.2.

WKTV-DT2 signed on in September 1998 alongside the creation of The WB 100+. WKTV partnered with the group to launch a cable-only WB affiliate. This new service replaced superstation WPIX from New York City on Harron Cable (then Adelphia, later Time Warner, now Spectrum) systems in the Mohawk Valley (which had been carried dating back to its days as an independent station) and it used the "WBU" (standing for "The WB Utica") call sign in a fictional manner.

In January 2006, The WB and UPN announced that they would merge and form The CW Television Network, from which affiliates were to be drawn from existing WB and UPN affiliates. "WBU" was chosen to become the CW affiliate for Utica, while UPN affiliate WPNY-LP associated itself with MyNetworkTV (a network started by Fox, whose Utica affiliate WFXV was a sister station to WPNY-LP) for UPN or WB affiliates not chosen by The CW. Responding to the selection, WKTV launched a new second digital subchannel to simulcast "WBU" and offer off-air access to CW programming, which begun along with the CW on September 18. The station then began using the WKTV-DT2 calls in an official manner. Originally, this subchannel was known on-air as "Central New York's CW" but was eventually re-branded to "Central New York's CW 11" (and more recently "The CW 11") to reflect its location on Time Warner Cable systems. Ultimately, the new subchannel replaced "WBU" altogether.

On October 26, 2015, WKTV announced that it would change WKTV-DT2's affiliation from The CW to CBS on November 22 (rebranding the subchannel as "CBS Utica"). The new affiliation gave the Utica market its first CBS affiliate since the end of WKTV's secondary affiliation with the network in the mid-1950s, and CBS its first full-time affiliate in Utica. (Prior to this, WTVH in Syracuse and WBNG in Binghamton served as the default CBS affiliates via cable for the Utica market; WTVH was able to be picked up over-the-air in portions of the Utica market before it shut down its analog signal.) Within a month of the subchannel's launch, WKTV-DT2 had replaced WTVH on Time Warner Cable channel 5 in Utica proper, while DirecTV later added WKTV-DT2 to its local packages, as did Dish Network shortly after the new year. On July 1, 2016, WKTV-DT2 was re-launched in the rest of the Utica DMA when the station replaced WTVH in Herkimer County and WBNG in Otsego County. However, as a result of viewer complaints in Otsego County, WBNG was restored to Time Warner Cable systems in that area (alongside WKTV-DT2) on January 25, 2017.

In May 2016, WKTV-DT2 upgraded their over-the-air digital signal into 720p high definition; thus offering a locally operated in-market over-the-air HD feed for CBS for the first time in the Utica–Rome market.

### WKTV-DT3

**WKTV-DT3** is the third digital subchannel of WKTV, broadcasting in 720p high definition on channel 2.3. The subchannel is branded as "WKTV Plus".

The station signed on November 10, 2014, as an affiliate of MeTV. As recommended by Weigel Broadcasting, MeTV's owners, WKTV-DT3 cleared the entire MeTV schedule. After much deliberation between WKTV and Time Warner Cable, WKTV-DT3 was added to Time Warner Cable's Utica line-up in the summer of 2015 on channel 1245.

On October 26, 2015, concurrent with WKTV's announcement that WKTV-DT2 would be joining CBS, it was also announced that WKTV-DT3 would switch its affiliation from MeTV to The CW (WKTV-DT2's former affiliation), while MeTV programs would be moved to a newly created fourth subchannel. Like WKTV-DT2's switch to CBS, both changes also took effect on November 22. WKTV-DT3 subsequently inherited WKTV-DT2's cable channel position, as well as its programming from The CW Plus, while the new fourth subchannel immediately took over WKTV-DT3's former cable channel position.

In May 2016, WKTV-DT3 upgraded its over-the-air digital signal into 720p high definition; thus offering over-the-air access to The CW's HD feed for the first time in the Utica–Rome market.

On September 1, 2024, The CW moved to WFXV-DT2 due to Nexstar Media Group's majority ownership of the network. On that day, WKTV announced that WKTV-DT3 would become a news-oriented independent station, replaying recent WKTV newscasts and airing weather presentations and exclusive newscasts.

## News operation

The station has been a ratings stronghold in the Mohawk Valley for its entire history. For the most part, this is because the station had no local competition before WUTR's 1970 sign on; in addition, WUTR aired no local newscasts from August 2003 through September 2011, again leaving WKTV as the lone news operation in the market.

In September 2001, WKTV entered into a news share agreement with Fox affiliate WFXV (then owned by Quorum Broadcasting), leading to a 10 p.m. newscast on that station. Known as *NewsChannel 2 on Fox*, the show aired every night for a half-hour and was virtually identical to WKTV's regular newscasts. The broadcast generally originated live from WKTV's studios; however, there were frequently technical problems beaming the show to WFXV's facility on Greenfield Road in Rome through microwave relay. Sometimes, WKTV personnel had to record the newscast in advance and physically deliver the videotape to WFXV; the stations' studios are next to each other on top of Smith Hill in Deerfield, New York.

When the outsourcing contract ended on August 31, 2004, WFXV decided not to renew it (by this point, WFXV was owned by Nexstar Broadcasting Group and operated Mission Broadcasting's WUTR through a joint sales agreement). The next day, the 10 p.m. newscast moved to cable-exclusive "WBU", with the weekend edition dropped; the newscast continued on the station, which became WKTV-DT2 in 2006, until WKTV-DT2 switched affiliations to CBS on November 22, 2015. At that point, the newscast moved to WKTV-DT3, where it continues to air to this day.

Newscasts on WKTV officially upgraded to true high definition on January 29, 2015, making WKTV the third station in the Utica area (behind WUTR and WFXV) to switch. Its HD conversion was a two-step process, beginning with the construction of a new set, which debuted on August 4, 2014, and continuing with the replacement of its news and engineering equipment with HD-ready versions.

During weather forecast segments, WKTV features live NOAA National Weather Service Doppler weather radar data from several regional sites. On-air, this system is known as "StormTracker 2 Live Doppler".

### WKTV-DT2

WKTV-DT2 currently simulcasts the 6 a.m. half-hour of its parent station's morning newscast, the first half-hour of its noon newscast, and its 11 p.m. newscast; the second half-hour of the noon newscast only airs on WKTV to allow WKTV-DT2 to air *The Young and the Restless* in CBS's recommended 12:30 p.m. time slot. Although plans for WKTV to produce exclusive newscasts for the subchannel using CBS resources have yet to be realized, WKTV also produces periodic specials that air on the subchannel.

### WKTV-DT3

When WKTV-DT3 first signed on, it did not air any newscasts in favor of MeTV programming. However, on November 23, 2015, WKTV-DT3 began airing the 10 p.m. newscast that had previously aired on WKTV-DT2 as a CW affiliate. The newscast airs every weekday for a half-hour and is virtually identical to WKTV's regular newscasts. On January 25, 2016, WKTV-DT3 also added a 7 a.m. newscast, making it the first station in the Utica market to carry local news at that time. The newscast was dropped on September 1, 2024, after The CW left WKTV-DT3 for WFXV-DT2.

On September 1, 2024, WKTV-DT3 also began airing rebroadcasts of other WKTV newscasts and debuted a half-hour weather forecast under the branding of "KTV Plus Window on the Weather", which is repeated several times daily. The half-hour weeknight 10 p.m. newscast continued under the new format.

#### Notable former staff

## Controversy

On September 28, 2016, WKTV was subjected to two broadcast signal intrusions at 6:17 p.m. and 10:38 p.m. respectively. At the time, FEMA was conducting tests for the Emergency Alert System's test and development message aggregators, using lines from Dr. Seuss's children's books as place holder messages. WKTV's EAS device was mistakenly viewing the testing environment and produced a warning for hazardous substances with the place holder message of "Would you. Could you. On a train?", a quote from *Green Eggs and Ham*. WKTV issued a retraction and apology over its Twitter feed and website later that night, initially saying it was a mistake on FEMA's behalf before retracting and stating FEMA was uncertain of cause at the time. Coincidentally, a train crash occurred the following morning in Hoboken, New Jersey, killing one and injuring 114. In questioning by Snopes, FEMA ultimately claimed responsibility for the intrusions and that they had no prior knowledge of the disaster.

## Technical information

### Subchannels

The station's signal is multiplexed:

Subchannels of WKTV
| Channel | Res. | Aspect | Short name | Programming |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2.1 | 720p | 16:9 | WKTVNBC | NBC |
| | | 2.2 | WKTVCBS | CBS |
| | | 2.3 | KTVPlus | WKTV Plus |
| 2.4 | | 480i | WKTV-ME | MeTV |

## InfoBox

WKTV
| ---  --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| City | Utica, New York |
| Channels |  |
| Branding | * **2.1:** *NewsChannel 2* * **2.2:** CBS 2 Utica * **2.3:** WKTV Plus * **2.4:** MeTV Utica |
| Programming | |
| Affiliations |  |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| History | |
| Founded | December 1, 1949 (1949-12-01) |
| Former channel number(s) | * **Analog:** 13 (VHF, 1949–1958), 2 (VHF, 1959–2009) |
| Former affiliations | * **All secondary:** * DuMont (1949–1956) * CBS (1949–1956) * ABC (1949–1970) |
| Call sign meaning | Kallet Television (original owner) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 60654 |
| ERP | 708 kW |
| HAAT | 402 m (1,319 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 43°6′8.4″N 74°56′19″W / 43.102333°N 74.93861°W / 43.102333; -74.93861 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website |  |


title: Genowefa Kobielska

abstract: Genowefa Kobielska was a Polish track and field athlete who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics. She was born in Łask and died in Piaseczno. She was the wife of Antoni Cejzik. In 1928 she finished eighth in the qualification of the discus throw event. She also competed in the 1938 European Championships in Athletics held in Vienna and finished fifth in the discus throw competition and seventh in the shot put contest.

text:
# Genowefa Kobielska

**Genowefa Kobielska** (later *Cejzikowa*, later *Zimnochova*, April 24, 1906 – July 16, 1993) was a Polish track and field athlete who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics.

She was born in Łask and died in Piaseczno. She was the wife of Antoni Cejzik.

In 1928 she finished eighth in the qualification of the discus throw event.

She also competed in the 1938 European Championships in Athletics held in Vienna and finished fifth in the discus throw competition and seventh in the shot put contest.

* Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Genowefa Kobielska". *Olympics at Sports-Reference.com*. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 2012-10-12.


title: Platylophus trifoliatus

abstract: Platylophus trifoliatus is a species of trees in the family Cunoniaceae. It is endemic to South Africa and the only species of the genus Platylophus. Leaves are opposite with three leaflets. Flowers are creamish or yellowish and arranged in axillary thyrsoid inflorescences. Fruits are indehiscent. Its closest relative is the Tasmanian endemic Anodopetalum.

text:
# Platylophus trifoliatus

***Platylophus trifoliatus*** is a species of trees in the family Cunoniaceae. It is endemic to South Africa and the only species of the genus ***Platylophus***. Leaves are opposite with three leaflets. Flowers are creamish or yellowish and arranged in axillary thyrsoid inflorescences. Fruits are indehiscent. Its closest relative is the Tasmanian endemic Anodopetalum.

## InfoBox

| *Platylophus trifoliatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Oxalidales |
| Family: | Cunoniaceae |
| Genus: | *Platylophus*
D. Don |
| Species: | ***P. trifoliatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Platylophus trifoliatus***
(L.f.) D.Don | |
|


title: Secret Talents of the Stars

abstract: Secret Talents of the Stars is an American interactive reality game show where celebrities competed against each other in a tournament-like format in areas that differed from their normal professions, like singing, dancing, and acrobatics. Viewers were to vote on the most talented celebrity. The show premiered on CBS on April 8, 2008, but was canceled the following day due to low ratings, making it one of the few series to be canceled after one episode.

text:
# Secret Talents of the Stars

***Secret Talents of the Stars*** is an American interactive reality game show where celebrities competed against each other in a tournament-like format in areas that differed from their normal professions, like singing, dancing, and acrobatics. Viewers were to vote on the most talented celebrity. The show premiered on CBS on April 8, 2008, but was canceled the following day due to low ratings, making it one of the few series to be canceled after one episode.

## Format

While the contestants' performances were critiqued by the show's judging panel of actress Debbie Reynolds, singer Brian McKnight, and producer/agent Gavin Polone, the real judging was done by home viewers, who were to vote online during each episode to determine which two celebrities stayed in the competition and which two were sent home. Voting was open only during the initial live broadcast to the Eastern and Central time zones as the results were to be announced at the end of each episode.

*Secret Talents of the Stars* was to follow a seven-week, tournament-style broadcast format.

Four acts were to each perform during both the show's live broadcasts on April 8 and 15, with home viewer votes determining two semi-finalists from each of those episodes. Those four semi-finalists would then have performed during a live broadcast on April 22, after which home viewer votes would determine the show's first two finalists.

Four more acts were to each perform during both the show's live broadcasts on April 29 and May 6, with home viewer votes determining two semi-finalists from each of *those* episodes. Those four semi-finalists would have then performed during a live broadcast on May 13, after which home viewer votes would determine the show's second two finalists.

The live finale broadcast would have aired on May 22, with all sixteen contestants appearing together, and the four finalists competing one last time for home viewers—who would have been able to vote during the broadcast. The winner would be revealed at the finale's conclusion and then perform the winning entry one last time. But because of the show's cancellation, there were, of course, no results or winner.

CBS ordered *Secret Talents of the Stars* in January. The show was produced by Magic Molehill Productions, Inc., in association with Robyn Nash Productions and Don Weiner Productions. Robyn Nash and Don Weiner served as executive producers.

## Contestants

Participants in the show, as well as the "secret talents" they would be performing, include:

| Celebrity | Occupation | Secret Talent |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Clint Black | country singer-songwriter | performing comedy |
| Danny Bonaduce | former child actor | maneuvering a unicycle with members of the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus |
| Sasha Cohen | Olympic figure skater | performing with the New Shanghai Circus, a Chinese acrobat troupe |
| Ric Flair | former professional wrestler | salsa dancing |
| Joe Frazier | former professional boxer | singing R&B |
| Roy Jones Jr. | professional boxer | rapping |
| Marla Maples | ex-wife of Donald Trump and co-host of *The Ex-Wives Club* | doing a gymnastics routine with The Anti-Gravity Troupe |
| Cindy Margolis | actress and model | performing magic |
| Bridget Marquardt | actress and model | performing trapeze with the former masters of Cirque du Soleil |
| Jo Dee Messina | country singer-songwriter | performing a hip-hop meets step-dancing routine |
| Joshua Morrow | *The Young and the Restless* actor | performing a rock-n-roll juggling routine with Marcus Monroe |
| Mýa | actress and singer | tap dancing |
| Sheila E. | musician and former judge on *The Next Great American Band* | juggling with The Flying Karamazov Brothers |
| Ben Stein | comedian, attorney and commentator | dancing the jitterbug |
| George Takei | former *Star Trek* actor | crooning as a country singer |
| Malcolm-Jamal Warner | former *Cosby Show* actor | performing an original song on bass guitar as part of a hip hop orchestra |

## Episode

During the single April 8, 2008, episode, the judges uniformly expressed their preference for the performances of Mýa and Clint Black. However, the audience votes advanced Sasha Cohen and Clint Black while sending Mýa and George Takei home.

After Takei performed, Polone joked that he looked like one of the main characters in *Brokeback Mountain*, the Oscar-nominated film about two gay cowboys. Takei, who is openly gay, mustered a smile during the live broadcast, but in a later interview with *Entertainment Tonight*, he admitted to being offended. Polone did not apologize for his words.

## Ratings

| # | Air Date | Rating | Share | 18–49 | Viewers (m) | Weekly Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | April 8, 2008 | 3.2 | 5 | 1.5/4 | 4.61 | 71 |

In comparison, the notorious flop *Quarterlife*, which had also been canceled after one episode by NBC several weeks earlier, had a 3.1 rating in the 10 p.m. time slot, where fewer networks broadcast. CBS then decided not to make the remaining six episodes.

## InfoBox

| *Secret Talents of the Stars* | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Don Weiner |
| Presented by | John O'Hurley |
| Judges | Debbie Reynolds
Brian McKnight
Gavin Polone |
| Country of origin | United States |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 1 |
| Production | |
| Executive producers | Robyn Nash
Don Weiner |
| Running time | 48 mins. |
| Original release | |
| Network | CBS |
| Release | April 8, 2008 (2008-04-08) |


title: Pierson Parker

abstract: Pierson Parker was the son of Alvin Pierson and Susie Estelle Parker. He was professor of New Testament at the General Theological Seminary during the 1960s. Pierson was best known for his work on the origins and priority of the Gospels. After Morton Smith had published his two books on the Secret Gospel of Mark, Pierson published a somewhat critical review in The New York Times, wondering whether the document was “an early Christian cover-up” and saying that the passages “read not like Mark’s work but like a late and not wholly successful imitation” made before the time of Clement of Alexandria. Pierson was also involved in the Today's English Version 1976.

text:
# Pierson Parker

**Pierson Parker** (May 27, 1905 – December 13, 1995) was the son of Alvin Pierson and Susie Estelle (née Williams) Parker. He was professor of New Testament at the General Theological Seminary during the 1960s.

Pierson was best known for his work on the origins and priority of the Gospels.

After Morton Smith had published his two books on the Secret Gospel of Mark, Pierson published a somewhat critical review in The New York Times, wondering whether the document was “an early Christian cover-up” and saying that the passages “read not like Mark’s work but like a late and not wholly successful imitation” made before the time of Clement of Alexandria.

Pierson was also involved in the Today's English Version 1976.

## Personal life

He was born in Shanghai, China. He married Mildred Ruth Sorg on the June 12, 1933. They had one son, Peter Pierson.

## Works

### Thesis

* Parker, Pierson (1933). *Ancient citations of the gospel according to the Hebrews: a critical study* (MA). Berkeley, CA: Pacific School of Religion. OCLC 63762660.
* (1934). *A Partial Reconstruction of the Gospel according to the Hebrews* (Ph.D.). Berkeley, CA: Pacific School of Religion. OCLC 64034916.

### Books

* (1953). *The Gospel before Mark*. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. OCLC 3051141.
* (1957). *Inherit the Promise: six keys to New Testament thought*. Greenwich, CT: Seabury Press. OCLC 383102.
* (1958). *Christ our Hope: six clues to New Testament thought*. London: SPCK. OCLC 6428901.

### Chapters

* (1975). "The kinship of John and Acts". In Neusner, Jacob; Smith, Morton (eds.). *Christianity, Judaism and other Greco-Roman cults*.
* (1976). "Introduction". *Good news in Matthew: Matthew in Today's English version*. Cleveland, OH: Collins & World. ISBN 9780529054029. OCLC 3866828.
* (1977). "Crucifixion". In Burrick, G. A. (ed.). *Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible*. Vol. 1. Philadelphia, PA: Fortress Press. p. 747.
* (1983). "The posteriority of Mark". In Farmer, William Reuben (ed.). *New Synoptic Studies: the Cambridge Gospel Conference and beyond*.

### Journal articles

* (1940). "A Proto-Lukan Basis for the Gospel According to the Hebrews". *Journal of Biblical Literature*. **59**: 471–478.
* (1941). "The Meaning of 'Son of Man'". *Journal of Biblical Literature*. **60**: 151–57.
* (1956). "Two Editions of John". *Journal of Biblical Literature*. **75**: 303–314.
* (July 1964). "In Praise of 1611". *Anglican Theological Review*. **3**: 251–60.


title: Nanosystems Initiative Munich

abstract: The Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) is a German research cluster in the field of nano sciences. It is one of the excellence clusters being funded within the German Excellence Initiative of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. The cluster joins the scientific work of about 60 research groups in the Munich region and combines several disciplines: physics, biophysics, physical chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology, biology, electrical engineering and medical science. Using the expertise in all these fields the cluster aims to create new nanosystems for information technology as well as for life sciences. The participating institutions of the Nanosystems Initiative Munich are the Ludwig Maximilians University, the Technical University of Munich, the University of Augsburg, the Max Planck Institutes of Quantum Optics and Biochemistry, the Munich University of Applied Sciences, the Walther Meissner Institute and the "Center for New Technologies" at Deutsches Museum.

text:
# Nanosystems Initiative Munich

**The Nanosystems Initiative Munich** (NIM) is a German research cluster in the field of nano sciences. It is one of the excellence clusters being funded within the German Excellence Initiative of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.

The cluster joins the scientific work of about 60 research groups in the Munich region and combines several disciplines: physics, biophysics, physical chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology, biology, electrical engineering and medical science. Using the expertise in all these fields the cluster aims to create new nanosystems for information technology as well as for life sciences.

The participating institutions of the Nanosystems Initiative Munich are the Ludwig Maximilians University, the Technical University of Munich, the University of Augsburg, the Max Planck Institutes of Quantum Optics and Biochemistry, the Munich University of Applied Sciences, the Walther Meissner Institute and the "Center for New Technologies" at Deutsches Museum.


title: Omoglymmius hemipunctatus

abstract: Omoglymmius hemipunctatus is a species of beetle in the subfamily Rhysodidae. It was described by R.T. & J.R. Bell in 1982.

text:
# Omoglymmius hemipunctatus

***Omoglymmius hemipunctatus*** is a species of beetle in the subfamily Rhysodidae. It was described by R.T. & J.R. Bell in 1982.

## InfoBox

| *Omoglymmius hemipunctatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Omoglymmius* |
| Species: | ***O. hemipunctatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Omoglymmius hemipunctatus***<br>R.T. Bell & J.R. Bell, 1982 | |
|


title: Piano Quartet No. 1 (Fauré)

abstract: Gabriel Fauré's Piano Quartet No. 1, in C minor, Op. 15, is one of the two chamber works he wrote for the conventional piano quartet combination of piano, violin, viola and cello. Despite being in a minor key it is predominantly positive in tone, though with some hints in the slow movement of the emotional turmoil of Fauré's life at the time of the composition. The first piano quartet is considered one of the three masterpieces of his youth, along with the first violin sonata and the Ballade in F♯ major. It was favorably received at its premiere in 1880, and was among the chamber works for which he had been awarded the Prix Chartier by the Académie des Beaux-Arts in 1885. He later wrote a second work in the form.

text:
# Piano Quartet No. 1 (Fauré)

Gabriel Fauré's **Piano Quartet No. 1**, in C minor, Op. 15, is one of the two chamber works he wrote for the conventional piano quartet combination of piano, violin, viola and cello. Despite being in a minor key it is predominantly positive in tone, though with some hints in the slow movement of the emotional turmoil of Fauré's life at the time of the composition. The first piano quartet is considered one of the three masterpieces of his youth, along with the first violin sonata and the Ballade in F major. It was favorably received at its premiere in 1880, and was among the chamber works for which he had been awarded the Prix Chartier by the Académie des Beaux-Arts in 1885. He later wrote a second work in the form.

## Background

In 1877, after wooing her for five years, Fauré had finally become engaged to Marianne Viardot, daughter of the well-known singer Pauline Viardot. The engagement lasted for less than four months, and Marianne broke it off, to Fauré's considerable distress. It was in the later stages of their relationship that he began work on the quartet, in the summer of 1876. He completed it in 1879, and revised it in 1883, completely rewriting the finale. The first performance of the original version was given on 14 February 1880. In a study dated 2008, Kathryn Koscho notes that the original finale has not survived, and is believed to have been destroyed by Fauré in his last days.

## Structure

The work follows the conventional layout of the genre, with four movements of roughly similar proportions. The opening movement is the longest, the second, scherzo, movement the shortest.

### I. Allegro molto moderato

The first movement is in sonata form. The commentator Carl Dahlhaus refers to the "almost opulent cantabile and extreme refinement of texture" of the opening movements of both of Fauré's piano quartets. The opening theme, a vigorous melody showing the influence of Brahms, contrasts with a delicate second theme in E major (later in the movement it is in C major), in which the off-beats are lightly stressed, unlike the flowing first theme. The movement ends with a final statement of the opening theme.

### II. Scherzo, Allegro vivo

The second movement, a playful scherzo, is one of Fauré's rare virtuoso pieces. He generally shied away from brilliant instrumental display, but the Fauré scholar Jean-Michel Nectoux comments that here, as in the First Violin Sonata, composed just before the quartet, the composer felt a brilliant scherzo necessary to preserve the balance of the whole work. The movement follows the traditional scherzo–trio–scherzo structure and consists of two contrasting principal themes in E major and G minor in the scherzo sections with a third in B major in the central trio section only.

### III. Adagio

After the high-spirited scherzo, the slow movement has a strong air of sadness. Koscho writes, "It is striking for its unsettled, lachrymose air, which Fauré prolongs through a combination of frustrated harmonic progressions and ascending melodic fragments." It is in conventional ternary form with the main C minor melody giving way to a central theme in A major, before returning to end the movement. The critic Stephen Johnson writes that the movement gives the listener "more than a hint" of Fauré's sadness at the events of 1877, though "the emotion is always nobly restrained, with not even the slightest hint of self-indulgence."

### IV. Allegro molto

The lively finale is based on two themes, the first in C minor, referring back to themes earlier in the quartet, and the second tonally ambiguous but primarily in E major. The two themes are brought together in C major to conclude the piece.

### References

* Dahlhaus, Carl (1989). *Nineteenth Century Music*. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-05291-9.
* Johnson, Stephen (1986). Notes to *Gabriel Fauré Piano Quartets*. London: Hyperion Records. OCLC 85916721.
* Koscho, Kathryn (2008). *An Analysis of Three French Piano Quartets of the 1870s* (D.M.A thesis). Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma. ISBN 978-0-549-52779-4. OCLC 612042748. ProQuest 304500687.
* "Brahms and Fauré – Chamber Music with the LA Phil" (program note). Los Angeles Philharmonic. March 2024. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
* Nectoux, Jean-Michel (1991). *Gabriel Fauré – A Musical Life*. Translated by Roger Nichols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23524-3.
* Nectoux, Jean-Michel (2001). "Fauré, Gabriel (Urbain)". *Grove Music Online* (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0.


title: YouTube Copyright School

abstract: "YouTube Copyright School" is a video of the American adult animated series Happy Tree Friends created for YouTube. It was uploaded by the official YouTube channel on March 24, 2011. It is created for YouTube users who infringe copyright for the first time, which results in their first "copyright strike." Afterwards, the user is sent to Copyright School, which contains the video along with a quiz where they need to answer a few questions. The video was disliked by many YouTube users and even became YouTube's most hated video for a period of time.

text:
# YouTube Copyright School

"**YouTube Copyright School**" is a video of the American adult animated series *Happy Tree Friends* created for YouTube. It was uploaded by the official YouTube channel on March 24, 2011. It is created for YouTube users who infringe copyright for the first time, which results in their first "copyright strike." Afterwards, the user is sent to Copyright School, which contains the video along with a quiz where they need to answer a few questions.

The video was disliked by many YouTube users and even became YouTube's most hated video for a period of time.

## Plot

The video begins with Russell at the movie theater, watching *Lumpy and the Lumpettes – The Movie*. Russell excitedly pulls out his phone and records the movie, then he uploads it to YouTube. The narrator tells Russell that he copied someone else's content. The narrator explains what copyright is and how abusing it can negatively impact a content creator (such as being sued, losing all their money, or losing their YouTube account altogether). Russell's reupload of the movie then gets taken down by Lumpy, resulting in Russell's first copyright strike, then Russell receives the email informing him of his actions. The narrator talks about how a YouTuber can get a copyright strike and that accumulating three strikes will ban the user for life. Afterwards, he asks Russell to try and make an original video.

Russell sees Lumpy, Petunia and Giggles singing the theme song at a live performance. Russell tries to record it, but is told by the narrator that even a live performance is still protected by copyright. He uploads a video called 'Russell's Remix', which is Russell's remix of Lumpy's song. Russell does not know if it is fair use or not, then a 'Fair Use' card appears explaining what fair use is. Lumpy discovers Russell's video, and he angrily takes it down, resulting in Russell's second strike. Russell tries to send a false counter-notification, but the narrator explains that users might end up in court if they misuse the counter-notification process. Afterwards, Russell finally decides to make an original video.

The video ends with Russell in a cannon on a boat singing his original song, but the cannon explodes making the ship sink. Russell then gets attacked by piranhas and the last scene shown is Russell's injuries from the piranha bites.

## Reception

The video was disliked by many YouTube users since it was a non-violent video containing characters from *Happy Tree Friends*, which is known for its graphic violence, resulting in it becoming YouTube's most hated video at the time.

## InfoBox

| "**YouTube Copyright School**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Happy Tree Friends* episode | |
| The thumbnail of the video. | |
| Directed by | Kenn Navarro |
| Original release date | March 24, 2011 |
| Running time | 4:39 |
|


title: WLJR

abstract: WLJR is a non-commercial educational radio station licensed to serve Birmingham, Alabama, United States. The station is owned by Briarwood Presbyterian Church. WLJR broadcasts a religious radio format to the greater Birmingham area. The station derives a majority of its programming from the Moody Broadcasting Network and American Family Radio. It is also available online at playwljr.com

text:
# WLJR

**WLJR** (88.5 FM) is a non-commercial educational radio station licensed to serve Birmingham, Alabama, United States. The station is owned by Briarwood Presbyterian Church.

WLJR broadcasts a religious radio format to the greater Birmingham area. The station derives a majority of its programming from the Moody Broadcasting Network and American Family Radio. It is also available online at playwljr.com

## History

More than five years after the initial application was filed, this station received its original construction permit from the Federal Communications Commission on November 4, 1992. The new station was assigned the call letters **WLJR** by the FCC on February 10, 1993. After several extensions, WLJR received its license to cover from the FCC on June 4, 1998. On-air broadcasting began February 20, 1998. In December 2013 WLJR began streaming on the Internet. This Internet stream may be accessed through the station's website, or directly at www.playwljr.com.

## InfoBox

WLJR
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Frequency | 88.5 MHz |
| Programming | |
| Format | Religious |
| Affiliations | Moody Broadcasting Network<br>AFR |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Briarwood Presbyterian Church |
| History | |
| First air date | February 20, 1998 |
| Call sign meaning | **W**here the **L**ord **J**esus **R**eigns |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 6804 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 370 watts |
| HAAT | 183 meters (600 feet) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 33°23′51″N 86°39′41″W / 33.39750°N 86.66139°W / 33.39750; -86.66139 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | WLJR Online |


title: Vasile Roaită

abstract: Vasile Roaită was a Romanian railway worker for Căile Ferate Române, shot during the Grivița Strike of 1933 and later touted as a proletarian hero under the Communist regime of Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej. He is buried at the Izvorul Nou Cemetery in Bucharest. The spa town of Eforie Sud on the Black Sea coast was named in 1928 Carmen-Sylva, after the pen name of Queen Elisabeth of Romania; the name was changed to Vasile Roaită in 1950, and stayed that way until 1962. Likewise, the village of Umbrărești-Deal in Galați County was named in 1933 after General Eremia Grigorescu; the name was changed to Vasile Roaită in 1950, and was kept until 1996.

text:
# Vasile Roaită

**Vasile Roaită** (1914, Peșteana-Jiu, Gorj 16 February 1933, Bucharest) was a Romanian railway worker for *Căile Ferate Române*, shot during the Grivița Strike of 1933 and later touted as a proletarian hero under the Communist regime of Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej. He is buried at the Izvorul Nou Cemetery in Bucharest.

The spa town of Eforie Sud on the Black Sea coast was named in 1928 *Carmen-Sylva*, after the pen name of Queen Elisabeth of Romania; the name was changed to *Vasile Roaită* in 1950, and stayed that way until 1962. Likewise, the village of Umbrărești-Deal in Galați County was named in 1933 after General Eremia Grigorescu; the name was changed to *Vasile Roaită* in 1950, and was kept until 1996.


title: George A. Luxford

abstract: George Alfred Luxford was an associate justice of the Colorado Supreme Court from 1947 to 1949. Born in LaSalle, Illinois, Luxford became a Colorado district court judge, from which position he announced his candidacy for the state supreme court in July 1946. He lost his 1948 bid for reelection, in a political sweep in which almost all Republicans in statewide offices lost their elections, serving until the end of his term in January 1949. Luxford died at St. Joseph's Hospital in Denver, Colorado, at the age of 79.

text:
# George A. Luxford

**George Alfred Luxford** (November 16, 1876 – April 14, 1956) was an associate justice of the Colorado Supreme Court from 1947 to 1949.

Born in LaSalle, Illinois, Luxford became a Colorado district court judge, from which position he announced his candidacy for the state supreme court in July 1946.

He lost his 1948 bid for reelection, in a political sweep in which almost all Republicans in statewide offices lost their elections, serving until the end of his term in January 1949. Luxford died at St. Joseph's Hospital in Denver, Colorado, at the age of 79.


title: Platymacha

abstract: Platymacha is a monotypic moth genus in the family Gelechiidae. Its only species, Platymacha anthochroa, is found on New Guinea. Both the genus and species were first described by Edward Meyrick in 1933.

text:
# Platymacha

***Platymacha*** is a monotypic moth genus in the family Gelechiidae. Its only species, ***Platymacha anthochroa***, is found on New Guinea. Both the genus and species were first described by Edward Meyrick in 1933.

## InfoBox

| *Platymacha* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Subfamily: | Gelechiinae |
| Genus: | *Platymacha*
Meyrick, 1933 |
| Species: | ***P. anthochroa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Platymacha anthochroa***
Meyrick, 1933 | |
|


title: Pinch point hazard

abstract: A pinch point or pinch point hazard is a common class of mechanical hazard where injury or damage may be done by one or more objects moving towards each other, crushing or shearing whatever comes between them. A nip point is a type of pinch point involving rotating objects, such as gears and pulleys. Injuries can range from minor such as blisters to severe like amputations and fatalities. Examples of pinch point hazards include gaps in closing doors and objects swinging or being lowered near fixed objects.

text:
# Pinch point hazard

A **pinch point** or **pinch point hazard** is a common class of mechanical hazard where injury or damage may be done by one or more objects moving towards each other, crushing or shearing whatever comes between them. A nip point is a type of pinch point involving rotating objects, such as gears and pulleys. Injuries can range from minor such as blisters to severe like amputations and fatalities. Examples of pinch point hazards include gaps in closing doors and objects swinging or being lowered near fixed objects.

## Common causes of injuries

* Poor situational awareness
* Proximity to mobile equipment and fixed structures
* Loose clothing, hair or jewelry getting caught in rotating parts or equipment
* Inadequate safety barriers
* Handling errors
* Wrong work procedures or tools
* Reaching into moving equipment

## Safety controls

Pre-work hazard inspections can be performed to identify pinch point hazards. These hazards can be managed with control methods, listed below according to the hazard control hierarchy.

Engineering controls physically prevent objects from entering the pinch point.

Administrative controls inform worker behavior to avoid pinch points.

Personal protective equipment protects individuals exposed to the hazard by preventing objects from being pinched.

.


title: Omoglymmius hiekei

abstract: Omoglymmius hiekei is a species of beetle in the subfamily Rhysodidae. It was described by R.T. & J.R. Bell in 1982.

text:
# Omoglymmius hiekei

***Omoglymmius hiekei*** is a species of beetle in the subfamily Rhysodidae. It was described by R.T. & J.R. Bell in 1982.

## InfoBox

| *Omoglymmius hiekei* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Omoglymmius* |
| Species: | ***O. hiekei*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Omoglymmius hiekei***<br>R.T. Bell & J.R. Bell, 1982 | |
|