title: One-pass algorithm

abstract: In computing, a one-pass algorithm or single-pass algorithm is a streaming algorithm which reads its input exactly once. It does so by processing items in order, without unbounded buffering; it reads a block into an input buffer, processes it, and moves the result into an output buffer for each step in the process. A one-pass algorithm generally requires O(n) (see 'big O' notation) time and less than O(n) storage (typically O(1)), where n is the size of the input. An example of a one-pass algorithm is the Sondik partially observable Markov decision process.

text:
# One-pass algorithm

In computing, a **one-pass algorithm** or **single-pass algorithm** is a streaming algorithm which reads its input exactly once. It does so by processing items in order, without unbounded buffering; it reads a block into an input buffer, processes it, and moves the result into an output buffer for each step in the process. A one-pass algorithm generally requires *O*(*n*) (see 'big O' notation) time and less than *O*(*n*) storage (typically *O*(1)), where *n* is the size of the input. An example of a one-pass algorithm is the Sondik partially observable Markov decision process.

## Example problems solvable by one-pass algorithms

Given any list as an input:

* Count the number of elements.

Given a list of numbers:

Given a list of symbols from an alphabet of *k* symbols, given in advance.

* Count the number of times each symbol appears in the input.
* Find the most or least frequent elements.
* Sort the list according to some order on the symbols (possible since the and after number of symbols is limited).
* Find the maximum gap between two appearances of a given symbol.

## Example problems not solvable by one-pass algorithms

Given any list as an input:

* Find the *n*th element from the end (or report that the list has fewer than *n* elements).
* Find the middle element of the list. However, this is solvable with two passes: Pass 1 counts the elements and pass 2 picks out the middle one.

Given a list of numbers:

* Find the median.
* Find the modes (This is not the same as finding the most frequent symbol from a limited alphabet).
* Sort the list.
* Count the number of items greater than or less than the mean. However, this can be done in constant memory with two passes: Pass 1 finds the average and pass 2 does the counting.

The two-pass algorithms above are still streaming algorithms but not one-pass algorithms.

1. Schweikardt, Nicole. "One-Pass Algorithm" (PDF). Retrieved 2021-07-01.
2. Pollett, Chris (2005-03-14). "One and Two Pass Algorithms" (PDF). Retrieved 2021-07-01.
3. Schweikardt, Nicole (2009), "One-Pass Algorithm", in LIU, LING; ÖZSU, M. TAMER (eds.), *Encyclopedia of Database Systems*, Boston, MA: Springer US, pp. 1948–1949, doi:10.1007/978-0-387-39940-9\_253, ISBN 978-0-387-39940-9, retrieved 2021-04-13
4. "Sondik's One-Pass Algorithm". *www.pomdp.org*.


title: One-pot synthesis

abstract: In chemistry a one-pot synthesis is a strategy to improve the efficiency of a chemical reaction in which a reactant is subjected to successive chemical reactions in just one reactor. This is much desired by chemists because avoiding a lengthy separation process and purification of the intermediate chemical compounds can save time and resources while increasing chemical yield. An example of a one-pot synthesis is the total synthesis of tropinone or the Gassman indole synthesis. Sequential one-pot syntheses can be used to generate even complex targets with multiple stereocentres, such as oseltamivir, which may significantly shorten the number of steps required overall and have important commercial implications. A sequential one-pot synthesis with reagents added to a reactor one at a time and without work-up is also called a telescoping synthesis. In one such procedure the reaction of 3-N-tosylaminophenol I with acrolein II affords a hydroxyl substituted quinoline III through 4 sequential steps without workup of the intermediate products. The addition of acrolein (blue) is a Michael reaction catalyzed by N,N-diisopropylamine, the presence of ethanol converts the aldehyde group to an acetal but this process is reversed when hydrochloric acid is introduced (red). The enolate reacts as an electrophile in a Friedel-Crafts reaction with ring-closure. The alcohol group is eliminated in presence of potassium hydroxide (green) and when in the final step the reaction medium is neutralized to pH 7 (magenta) the tosyl group is eliminated as well.

text:
# One-pot synthesis

In chemistry a **one-pot synthesis** is a strategy to improve the efficiency of a chemical reaction in which a reactant is subjected to successive chemical reactions in just one reactor. This is much desired by chemists because avoiding a lengthy separation process and purification of the intermediate chemical compounds can save time and resources while increasing chemical yield.

An example of a one-pot synthesis is the total synthesis of tropinone or the Gassman indole synthesis. Sequential one-pot syntheses can be used to generate even complex targets with multiple stereocentres, such as oseltamivir, which may significantly shorten the number of steps required overall and have important commercial implications.

A sequential one-pot synthesis with reagents added to a reactor one at a time and without work-up is also called a **telescoping synthesis**.

In one such procedure the reaction of 3-N-tosylaminophenol **I** with acrolein **II** affords a hydroxyl substituted quinoline **III** through 4 sequential steps without workup of the intermediate products (see image). The addition of acrolein (blue) is a Michael reaction catalyzed by N,N-diisopropylamine, the presence of ethanol converts the aldehyde group to an acetal but this process is reversed when hydrochloric acid is introduced (red). The enolate reacts as an electrophile in a Friedel-Crafts reaction with ring-closure. The alcohol group is eliminated in presence of potassium hydroxide (green) and when in the final step the reaction medium is neutralized to pH 7 (magenta) the tosyl group is eliminated as well.


title: Omeisaurus

abstract: Omeisaurus is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic Period of what is now China. Its name comes from Mount Emei, where it was discovered in the lower Shaximiao Formation of Sichuan Province. Like most sauropods, Omeisaurus was herbivorous and large. The largest species, O. tianfuensis, measured 18–20.2 metres (59–66 ft) long, and weighed 8.5–9.8 metric tons. Other species were much smaller, as the type species O. junghsiensis reached a size of 14 metres (46 ft) in length and 4 metric tons in body mass, and O. maoianus reached a size of 15 metres (49 ft) and 5 metric tons.

text:
# Omeisaurus

***Omeisaurus*** (meaning "Omei lizard") is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic Period (Bathonian-Callovian stage) of what is now China. Its name comes from Mount Emei, where it was discovered in the lower Shaximiao Formation of Sichuan Province.

Like most sauropods, *Omeisaurus* was herbivorous and large. The largest species, *O. tianfuensis*, measured 18–20.2 metres (59–66 ft) long, and weighed 8.5–9.8 metric tons (9.4–10.8 short tons). Other species were much smaller, as the type species *O. junghsiensis* reached a size of 14 metres (46 ft) in length and 4 metric tons (4.4 short tons) in body mass, and *O. maoianus* reached a size of 15 metres (49 ft) and 5 metric tons (5.5 short tons).

## Discovery and species

### Initial discovery and *O. changshouensis*

The initial discovery of *Omeisaurus* was in 1936 when Charles Lewis Camp and Yang Zhongjian collected a partial skeleton from strata of the Shaximiao Formation in Sichuan, China. The material was taken to and prepared in what is now the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in Beijing. The skeleton was named *Omeisaurus junghsiensis* in 1939 by Yang Zhongjian, the skeleton consisting of a partial postcranial skeleton that included four cervical (neck) vertebrae. It was named after the sacred mountain Omeishan, which is near where *O. junghsiensis* was found, and the species name after the locality. The skeleton of *O. junghsiensis* was lost during WWII. In 1955, Xuanmin Li and colleagues collected several Sauropod remains from the same strata as *O. junghsiensis* in Changshou during construction of a reservoir. The IVPP sent Youling Su to conduct the excavation in Changshou, the crew finding eleven vertebrae and several appendicular elements (IVPP V930). The specimen was described later in 1958, also by Yang Zhongjian, as a new species, *O. changshouensis*.

### Discoveries at Wujiaba

During the construction of the Wujiaba Dam in Zigong during the mid-to-late 1970s, crews discovered many large Sauropod remains from strata of the Upper Shaximiao Formation. The amount of material was vast and was collected by the Chongqing Museum of Natural History over five years, and was prepped and briefly described. The material consisted of many partial skulls and skeletons, consisting of between thirteen and sixteen individuals and 2 composite skeletons were later mounted in Chongqing and Zigong. Wujiaba also saw the collection of a fragmentary partial skull of an additional species of *Omeisaurus*, *Omeisaurus fuxiensis,* that was described by Zhiming Dong and colleagues in 1983.

### Dashanpu Quarry finds

The next and most bountiful *Omeisaurus* discovery came in the 1980s when many dinosaur remains were found at Dashanpu in Zigong, these remains including a nearly complete skeleton, several skulls, and additional postcrania from several individuals. The best of these skeletons, a nearly complete and semi articulated postcranial skeleton (ZDM T5701), was selected as the holotype and described by He *et al* in 1984. A nearly complete skull and partial postcranial skeleton (ZDM T5702) was selected as the paratype, and is one of the few known *Omeisaurus* specimens with a well preserved skull. The several specimens were described in much detail later in 1988, with a skeleton mounted at the Zigong Dinosaur Museum sometime later. Interestingly, *O. tianfuensis* was discovered to have a tail club on the end of its caudal vertebrae based on a specimen from Dashanpu. A second new species was named in 1988, *O. luoquanensis,* in the osteology of *O. tianfuensis* off of a partial postcranial skeleton.

### Recent discoveries

Several *Omeisaurus* species have been named since the 1980s, with the most complete of them coming in 2001 with *Omeisaurus maoianus* from the Shaximiao Formation in Jingyan. *O. maoianus* was collected by Jin Xingshen and Zhang Guojin during the 1990s and the remains consisted of a skull, partial vertebral column, and several additional postcranial elements (ZNM N8510). *O. maoianus* was mounted at the Zhejiang Natural History Museum with its holotype skull on display. *O. maoianus'* generic assessment has been questioned, with several phylogenetic analyses finding it more closely related to *Mamenchisaurus* and *Xinjiangtitan*. 10 years later in 2011, *Omeisaurus jiaoi* was named based on a well preserved and partially articulated postcranial skeleton, also from Zigong and is deposited at the Zigong Dinosaur Museum (ZDM 5050). The most recently named *Omeisaurus* species, *O. puxiani*, was discovered in Yunyang and is one of the best preserved *Omeisaurus* species, with fossils from most of the vertebral column and girdles recovered. The specimen is deposited under CLGRP V00005 at the Chongqing Laboratory of Geoheritage Protection and Research.

## Classification

It was once classified as a member of the family Cetiosauridae, which had long been a wastebasket taxon. The species *O. fuxiensis* is sometimes confused with *Zigongosaurus*, but the two are based on different material despite having the same species name.

*Omeisaurus* was formerly assigned to Euhelopodidae. However, it and other Jurassic sauropods from Asia formerly assigned to Euhelopodidae are now placed in the separate family Mamenchisauridae, which is more basal in Sauropoda. In 2021, John D'Angelo determined that all *Omeisaurus* species, besides *O. maoianus,* were valid and likely members of the same genus, with *O. junghsiensis* as the most basal species.

The cladogram from Tan et al., 2020 below shows a possible phylogenetic position:

## Paleoecology

*Omeisaurus* lived in dense forests. Different species of *Omeisaurus* sometimes shared habitats with each other (*O. junghsiensis* and *O. tianfuensis*, for example). In addition to other species of *Omeisaurus*, *Shunosaurus* and *Datousaurus* are also known from the Xiashaximiao Formation, while *Mamenchisaurus* is present in the Shangshaximiao Formation. *Yangchuanosaurus* is a large theropod from the Shangshaximiao, and it probably preyed on sauropods. The smaller *Xuanhanosaurus* was also present. In the Xiashaximiao, another theropod, *Gasosaurus*, was also present, as was the herbivorous stegosaur *Huayangosaurus*. The latter probably did not compete with sauropods for food.

* Dong Zhiming (1988). *Dinosaurs from China*. China Ocean Press, Beijing & British Museum (Natural History). ISBN 978-0-565-01073-7.
* Britt, Carpenter et al. (2002). Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs.. Publications international, Ltd., Lincolnwood Illinois.. ISBN 0-7853-5561-8
* The Middle Jurassic dinosaur fauna from Dashanpu, Zigong, Sichuan. Volume 4. Sauropod dinosaurs (2). Omeisaurus tianfuensis. He, X., Li, K. and Cai, Sichuan Publishing House of Science and Technology, Chengdu ; 1-143 (1988).
* The dinosaurian remains from Sichuan Basin, China. Dong, Z., Zhou, S. and Zhang, Y. PALAEONTOLOGIA SINICA SERIES C (No. 23) i-iii; 1-145 (1983).

## InfoBox

| *Omeisaurus*
Temporal range: | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *O. tianfuensis* on display at the Zigong Museum | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| *Clade*: | Dinosauria |
| *Clade*: | Saurischia |
| *Clade*: | Sauropodomorpha |
| *Clade*: | Sauropoda |
| Family: | Mamenchisauridae |
| Genus: | *Omeisaurus*
Young, 1939 |
|
| Type species | |
| ***Omeisaurus junghsiensis***
Young, 1939 | |
| Species | |
| * ***O. junghsiensis*** Young, 1939 * ***O. changshouensis*** Young, 1958 * ***O. fuxiensis*** Dong, Zhou & Zhang, 1983 * ***O. tianfuensis*** He *et al.*, 1984 * ***O. luoquanensis*** He, Li & Cai, 1988 * ***O. maoianus*** Tang *et al.*, 2001 * ***O. jiaoi*** Jiang *et al.*, 2011 * ***O. puxiani*** Tan *et al.*, 2021 | |


title: One Night Only (Thin Lizzy album)

abstract: One Night Only is a live album by rock band Thin Lizzy, released in 2000. Thin Lizzy had reformed in 1994 for a series of gigs marking ten years since the band split in 1984. Latter-day Lizzy guitarist John Sykes now took the lead vocal while Marco Mendoza was recruited on bass. The venture was popular enough to be repeated but by the time this album came out, original drummer Brian Downey had decided the affair was too disorganised and retired from the group leaving none of the original trio remaining. Keyboardist Darren Wharton also quit around the time of this album's release. The band, led by Sykes and Scott Gorham, subsequently continued performing with various lineups. This album features ex-Ozzy, Whitesnake, and Black Oak Arkansas drummer Tommy Aldridge.

text:
# One Night Only (Thin Lizzy album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***One Night Only*** is a live album by rock band Thin Lizzy, released in 2000. Thin Lizzy had reformed in 1994 for a series of gigs marking ten years since the band split in 1984. Latter-day Lizzy guitarist John Sykes now took the lead vocal while Marco Mendoza was recruited on bass. The venture was popular enough to be repeated but by the time this album came out, original drummer Brian Downey had decided the affair was too disorganised  and retired from the group leaving none of the original trio remaining. Keyboardist Darren Wharton also quit around the time of this album's release. The band, led by Sykes and Scott Gorham, subsequently continued performing with various lineups. This album features ex-Ozzy, Whitesnake, and Black Oak Arkansas drummer Tommy Aldridge.

## Track listing

1. "Jailbreak" (Phil Lynott) – 4:41
2. "Waiting for an Alibi" (Lynott) – 3:42
3. "Don't Believe a Word" (Lynott) – 2:38
4. "Cold Sweat" (Lynott, John Sykes) – 3:30
5. "The Sun Goes Down" (Lynott, Darren Wharton) – 7:40
6. "Are You Ready" (Brian Downey, Scott Gorham, Lynott, Brian Robertson) – 3:06
7. "Bad Reputation" (Downey, Gorham, Lynott) – 3:46
8. "Suicide" (Lynott) – 5:54
9. "Still in Love with You" (Lynott) – 8:44
10. "Cowboy Song" (Downey, Lynott) – 5:43
11. "The Boys Are Back in Town" (Lynott) – 5:11
12. "Rosalie" (Bob Seger) – 8:36
13. "Black Rose" (Lynott, Gary Moore) – 7:41

## Personnel

Thin Lizzy Production * Nick Els - engineer, mixing at The Bunker, Los Angeles

## InfoBox

| One Night Only | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Thin Lizzy | |
| Released | 20 June 2000 |
| Recorded | Europe 1999 |
| Genre | Hard rock, blues rock |
| Length | 70:52 |
| Label | CMC International |
| Producer | John Sykes & Scott Gorham |
| Thin Lizzy live albums chronology | |
| *The Boys Are Back in Town: Live in Australia*
(1997) ***One Night Only***
(2000) *UK Tour '75*
(2008) | |


title: On the Edge (Hinton novel)

abstract: On the Edge is a novel by British author Nigel Hinton and was first published in 2014. It follows the story of two boys whose mentally unstable father, who is an ex serviceman, takes them on holiday but suspicions arise.

text:
# On the Edge (Hinton novel)

**On the Edge** is a novel by British author Nigel Hinton and was first published in 2014. It follows the story of two boys whose mentally unstable father, who is an ex serviceman, takes them on holiday but suspicions arise.

## Plot

Fifteen-year-old Dillon and his ten-year-old brother Robbie were home alone when Robbie received a telephone call from their father who they had not seen for two years after he beat up Dillon and his mother. Their father said he wanted to take them on holiday saying that their mother said it was OK despite his restraining order. Robbie was excited about the idea but Dillon was suspicious. Dad came round in a brand new 4x4 and dressed in his army gear. After talking to their father Dillon decided to go but left a note on his bed just in case.

When they stopped at a motorway service station Dillon decided to call Mum’s boyfriend Andy as Mum left her mobile at home and he did not have her office number but Dad removed the battery and the SIM card from Dillon’s mobile and Robbie left his at home.

When they arrived at Gardle Head they set up camp near the cliff top and slept in a hollow.

In the morning after breakfast Dad set up two snares to catch rabbits for dinner then they went swimming and skipping stones on the beach. That evening Robbie was squeamish about eating the rabbit due to his vegetarianism but accepted the meat to please his Dad. When Dad sent Dillon to the car to get drinks he found the note he left for Mum which Dad had removed before they left and a shotgun in a black leather case.

The next morning Dad saved the scrambled egg for Robbie whilst Dillon and their Dad ate the cold leftover rabbit. They spent the rest of the morning building a sandcastle on the beach and in the afternoon they lazed around on the top of the cliff. On their way to Dartley for the evening Dillon went into a shop for ice creams and saw photographs of him and Robbie on the front page of a newspaper. When they got to Dartley they had a huge fish and chip supper and went to the funfair. On the way out from Dartley Dad noticed photos of himself and the boys on the television whilst passing a Chinese takeaway.

Before bed Dad got the boys to say the prayer Now I Lay Me Down to Sleep with the line *If I die before I wake*. Dillon saw Dad acting strangely and fearing that their father was mentally ill again and was about to kill them Dillon woke Robbie and led him down to the beach and hid behind a rock in the sea. Dad could be heard singing the nursery rhyme Bye, baby Bunting. When Dillon was sure it was safe they went back to the top of the cliff. As they passed the camp Dad came out of hiding and led them to the edge of the cliff with the shotgun about to shoot them. At the last minute Dad wondered what he was doing and shot himself. He got blown off the edge and his body was lost at sea.

The two boys walked to the road and were stopped by a passing police car where they were reunited with their mother.

Six weeks later Dad’s body washed up on a beach 50 miles south of Gardle head. The two boys and their mother decided not to go to the funeral but changed their minds on the night before. At the service they met a fellow mourner called Steve Selby who was in the army with Dad. According to Steve, Scott saved his life when he was wounded and trapped by enemy fire but the war messed up a lot of good men such as Scott.

## InfoBox

On the Edge
| Cover of the first edition. | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Nigel Hinton |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Teenage fiction |
| Publisher | Barrington Stoke Ltd |
| Publication date | 15 January 2014 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Print (Hardback) |
| ISBN | 978-1-78112-309-6 |


title: Onebala euargyra

abstract: Onebala euargyra is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Alfred Jefferis Turner in 1919. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland. The wingspan is 12 mm. The forewings are whitish, on the dorsal half suffused with fuscous and with a short fuscous strigula on the costa at one-third and another on the middle. There is an elongate-triangular fuscous spot on the costa at two-third, as well as a broad silvery transverse line from the termen beyond the tornus to near the costa before the apex and there are four longitudinal black streaks beyond this, as well as a black terminal line. The hindwings are grey, ochreous-whitish towards the base.

text:
# Onebala euargyra

***Onebala euargyra*** is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Alfred Jefferis Turner in 1919. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.

The wingspan is 12 mm. The forewings are whitish, on the dorsal half suffused with fuscous and with a short fuscous strigula on the costa at one-third and another on the middle. There is an elongate-triangular fuscous spot on the costa at two-third, as well as a broad silvery transverse line from the termen beyond the tornus to near the costa before the apex and there are four longitudinal black streaks beyond this, as well as a black terminal line. The hindwings are grey, ochreous-whitish towards the base.

## InfoBox

| *Onebala euargyra* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Genus: | *Onebala* |
| Species: | ***O. euargyra*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Onebala euargyra***<br>(Turner, 1919) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Helcystogramma euargyra* Turner, 1919 | |


title: Onitsha South

abstract: Onitsha South is a Local Government Area in Anambrs North Senatorial zone of Anambra State, Nigeria. The headquarters is in Fegge, Onitsha. Onitsha South is predominantly commercial with popular markets such as Ochanja market which attracts thousands of buyers and sellers of variety of commodities. The revenue of Onitsha South Local Government Area is generated mostly from commercial activities.

text:
# Onitsha South

**Onitsha South** is a Local Government Area in Anambrs North Senatorial zone of Anambra State, Nigeria. The headquarters is in Fegge, Onitsha. Onitsha South is predominantly commercial with popular markets such as Ochanja market which attracts thousands of buyers and sellers of variety of commodities. The revenue of Onitsha South Local Government Area is generated mostly from commercial activities.

The town of Fegge serves as the administrative center for the Onitsha South Local Government Area, which is located in the Anambra State, South-East Geopolitical Zone of Nigeria. Modebe, Upper Iweka, Ojukwu Gateway, Arondizuogu Street, Port Harcourt Road, Zik Avenue, Ozomagala Road, and Niger Street are among the neighborhoods and streets in Onitsha South LGA. Onitsha South LGA is thought to have a population of 213,894 people, with Igbo people making up the majority of the population. In the LGA, the Igbo language is widely spoken, and Christianity is a very popular religion there. The Christ the King College and Our Lady's High School are notable sites in the Onitsha south LGA.

## Economy

Onitsha South LGA's economy heavily relies on trade, and the region is home to a number of markets, including the well-known Ochanja market, which draws thousands of buyers and sellers of a wide range of goods. In addition, the Onitsha South LGA is home to a number of businesses controlled by the government, as well as businesses like banks, hotels, restaurants, and places to unwind. All of these businesses make significant contributions to the local economy.

## Geography

The average temperature in Onitsha South LGA is 26 degrees Celsius. The dry and wet seasons are the two main ones that the LGA experiences, with the rainy seasons typically being marked by heavy and frequent rainfall. The popular River Niger flows adjacent to the LGA, and the average humidity in the region is reported to be 79 percent.

## Schools

Here is the list of secondary schools in Onitsha South Local Government Area:

* Christ The King College, (C.K.C.), Onitsha
* Learning Field International School, Bridge-Head Housing Estate, Onitsha
* Modebe Memorial Secondary School, Onitsha
* Metu Memorial Secondary School, Onitsha
* Urban Girls' Secondary School, Onitsha
* Urban Boys' Secondary School, Onitsha
* Special Secondary School, Odoakpu, Onitsha (Deaf And Dumb)
* Our Lady's High School, Onitsha

## InfoBox

| Onitsha South | |
| --- | --- |
| LGA | |
| Country | Nigeria |
| State | Anambra State |
| Area | |
| Total | 4.12 sq mi (10.66 km2) |
| Population (2022) | |
| Total | 195,500 |
| Density | 47,000/sq mi (18,000/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (WAT) |
|  | |


title: Onno Reint Alberda van Ekenstein

abstract: Onno Reint Alberda van Ekenstein was a Dutch nobleman who served in the States General and the Senate. He bore the title of jonkheer.

text:
# Onno Reint Alberda van Ekenstein

**Onno Reint Alberda van Ekenstein** (Dutch pronunciation: \[ɔˈnoː rɛint ɑlˈbɛrdaː vɑn ˈeːkə(n)stɛin\]; 3 February 1752 – 21 October 1821) was a Dutch nobleman who served in the States General and the Senate. He bore the title of *jonkheer*.

## Biography

Alberda van Ekenstein was born in 1752 in Groningen. His parents were Onno Joost Alberda van Ekenstein and Anna Maria Hora. He married Maria Albertina van Berchuys (1750–1819) on 5 July 1772 in Groningen. The couple had eight children, four of whom survived early childhood: Onno Joost, Anna Maria Catharina, Tathia Adriana Henderica Ommelandica, and Willem.

A Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion, Alberda van Ekenstein served on the Provincial Executive of Groningen and Ommelanden and as a delegate to the audit office of the Dutch Republic. Besides, he was on the board of supervisors of the University of Groningen. When the States General of the Netherlands were restored on 2 May 1814 after the Netherlands had regained its sovereignty from the First French Empire, Alberda van Ekenstein became a member. On 28 August 1814, he was appointed to the Knighthood of Groningen, an electoral college of noblemen, upon its establishment, and he would later serve as its president. The States General were split into the House of Representatives and Senate in September 1815, and Alberda van Ekenstein became a pro-government member of the latter. He died on 21 October 1821 in his family estate in Tjamsweer near Appingedam while still a senator.

## InfoBox

| Jhr.Onno Reint Alberda van Ekenstein | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Senate | |
| **In office**
21 September 1815  21 October 1821 | |
| Member of the States General | |
| **In office**
2 May 1814  31 August 1815 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Onno Reint Alberda van Ekenstein
(1752-02-03)3 February 1752
Groningen, Netherlands |
| Died | 21 October 1821(1821-10-21) (aged 69)
Huize Ekenstein, Tjamsweer |
| Spouse | Maria Albertina van Berchuys  (m. 1772; died 1819) |
| Children | 4 |
| Occupation | * Politician * auditor |
|  | |


title: Onde, Vikramgad

abstract: Onde is a village in the Palghar district of Maharashtra, India. It is located in the Vikramgad taluka.

text:
# Onde, Vikramgad

**Onde** is a village in the Palghar district of Maharashtra, India. It is located in the Vikramgad taluka.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Onde has 304 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 59.56%.

Demographics (2011 Census)
|  | Total | Male | Female |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Population | 1321 | 619 | 702 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 191 | 88 | 103 |
| Scheduled caste | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Scheduled tribe | 995 | 470 | 525 |
| Literates | 673 | 360 | 313 |
| Workers (all) | 757 | 359 | 398 |
| Main workers (total) | 745 | 355 | 390 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 196 | 98 | 98 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 347 | 152 | 195 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 8 | 5 | 3 |
| Main workers: Other | 194 | 100 | 94 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 12 | 4 | 8 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 8 | 3 | 5 |
| Non-workers | 564 | 260 | 304 |

## InfoBox

| Onde | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| OndeLocation in Maharashtra, IndiaOndeOnde (India) | |
| Coordinates: 19°46′27″N 73°05′25″E / 19.7741746°N 73.0903311°E / 19.7741746; 73.0903311 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Maharashtra |
| District | Palghar |
| Taluka | Vikramgad |
| Elevation | 57 m (187 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 1,321 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| 2011 census code | 551803 |


title: El Mundo Real

abstract: El Mundo Real is the Mexican/Latin American version of MTV's reality television series The Real World. The series is produced by Bunim/Murray Productions and MTV Studios, being part of the new distribution deal for the franchise with Facebook Watch, which includes the revival of the American series, together with the Thailand-based season. The series was announced on October 8, 2018, and the series debuted on June 13, 2019. The series was primarily filmed in Mexico City, Mexico. It's not the first time the franchise has filmed in Mexico, as the American version's twenty-second season took place in the country just ten years prior to this version's debut. Set primarily in Mexico City, the show features 7 strangers living together in a house located in a centric neighborhood of the city where their lives were taped between March and May 2019, with the show debuting weeks later. Casting calls for this season were opened in late 2018.

text:
# El Mundo Real

***El Mundo Real*** (Spanish for ***The Real World***) is the Mexican/Latin American version of MTV's reality television series *The Real World*. The series is produced by Bunim/Murray Productions and MTV Studios, being part of the new distribution deal for the franchise with Facebook Watch, which includes the revival of the American series, together with the Thailand-based season. The series was announced on October 8, 2018, and the series debuted on June 13, 2019. The series was primarily filmed in Mexico City, Mexico.

It's not the first time the franchise (not including spin-off *The Challenge*) has filmed in Mexico, as the American version's twenty-second season took place in the country just ten years prior to this version's debut.

Set primarily in Mexico City, the show features 7 strangers living together in a house located in a centric neighborhood of the city where their lives were taped between March and May 2019, with the show debuting weeks later. Casting calls for this season were opened in late 2018.

## Episode distribution

Similar to both *Atlanta* & *Bangkok* seasons, under the new distribution, daily drops are uploaded Monday through Wednesday on the official Facebook Watch pages for each of the three franchises, with these daily bits being uploaded at around noon (UTC-5).

The weekly episodes premiered on Thursdays at 9PM (UTC-5). This season is composed of 12 episodes.

## Cast

| Cast Member | Age | Hometown | Biography |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Sofia Rivera Torres** | 26 | Mexico City | Sofía was born and raised in San Diego, California but moved to Mexico when she turned 16 because she wanted to find her roots. She currently works in media as a TV host, and also works as a model. She feels grateful when she impacts people's lives in a positive way and finds that her mission in life is to communicate something. She also aspires to be on Forbes' 30 Under 30 ranking. |
| **María Fernanda "Mafer" Valdés** | 22 | Martínez de la Torre, Veracruz | An aspiring fashion blogger and journalist, Mafer won the online vote held by MTV Latin America for the show's 7th roommate spot. She defines herself as loud, caring and a good person. She loves to live life and likes having her friends going out well-dressed. Mafer has had bad experiences when it comes to relationships. |
| **Diego Garciasela** | 19 | Cuernavaca, Morelos | Hailing from an affluent family, Diego's biggest fear is failure, and his life goal is to be a successful and wealthy businessman. He's usually not around people who are not from the same socioeconomic status as his. For Diego, this will be the first time he's ever been far away from home. His favorite type of girls are usually blondes, but in the end, he ends up falling for brunettes. He also believes that money can take you far in life, even with women. In 2021 he joined the cast of Acapulco Shore. |
| **Emilio Betancourt** | 21 | Guadalajara, Jalisco | Emilio has been a fighter since he was young. Lost a limb due to an accident at age 13, as revealed to his roommates on Episode 1. He says that this experience for him will be giving a platform for those who do not have a voice. For him, exercising is not only a getaway but also a way to find stability in life. |
| **Daniela "Dany" Torres** | 25 | Guadalajara, Jalisco | She's a male-to-female transgender and is currently on her transition process. Dany is very straight forward and expects people to be the same way to her. She also advocates for those who are marginalized in society. She does drag and her character is named "Negra Conda". |
| **Melissa "Mel" Gómez** | 22 | Tijuana, Baja California | Besides playing soccer professionally, Melissa also likes playing the guitar. She knew she was gay at around age 14–15, and for years she "dated" guys in order to disguise her true self to her family. For her, the show will be the way to come out as a lesbian to her family and to give herself a chance of living as her authentic self. |
| **Israel "El Chikitin" Nonthe** | 24 | Cardonal, Hidalgo | He comes from a small village in the state of Hidalgo, and his background is of indigenous origin. Israel has always been surrounded by family. His life philosophy is about embracing the world we live in and take care of it. An aspiring rapper, he raps in Hñähñu', an aboriginal language from the region he's from. On the show, he expects to share more about his upbringing and aboriginal culture with his fellow housemates. |
|

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Week 1: *The Real World* is in Mexico City!" | June 13, 2019 (2019-06-13) |
| Seven Mexicans that have nothing in common and that would not pick each other to live under the same roof, will share house, food and other amenities, while trying to get to understand each other and live besides their differences. | | | |
| 2 | "Week 2: The House Breaks Up" | June 20, 2019 (2019-06-20) |
| The first world and the third world collide, all because of dirty dishes left behind in the kitchen. Diego wants to hook up with Sofía and starts to make some moves. Melissa gives her roommates a tough call on reality. | | | |
| 3 | "Week 3: Roommate Misunderstandings" | June 27, 2019 (2019-06-27) |
| Dany breaks down after being misgendered while exiting the gym. The roommates tell all of their dirty business from their individual confessionals, and this leaves Israel very surprised, as he is the center of the meanest comments. Mafer has a tough time in a phone conversation with her mother, and leaves her in a breakdown, as she struggles to stop being so dependent on her mother. | | | |
| 4 | "Week 4: Welcome to my World!" | July 4, 2019 (2019-07-04) |
| Sofía gets passes for Mercedes Benz Fashion Week México, and although the spots she gets are limited she sees a positive reaction from her roommates. Emilio has trouble with a girl he met back home and how their relationship will work. Dany feels that Israel has lost his identity by spending too much time with Diego. | | | |
| 5 | "Week 5: It's All About Love" | July 11, 2019 (2019-07-11) |
| Diego's ego suffers a big hit when an Argentinian model flirts with Sofía, and begins setting her up to give her a taste of her own medicine. Surprising her roommates, Dany, feeling homesick and missing her partner, confesses she is ready to give it all up and go back to Guadalajara. | | | |
| 6 | "Week 6: The Truth Comes to Light" | July 18, 2019 (2019-07-18) |
| Melissa invites her mother to Mexico City, with the main purpose of coming out to her as a lesbian. Even though Diego and Sofía take a step to deepen their relationship, the way they treat Israel gets called out by the rest of the house. | | | |
| 7 | "Week 7: Out of the Comfort Zone" | July 25, 2019 (2019-07-25) |
| The roommates plant a seed in Diego's head, where theory says that Sofía is using him for camera time. Meanwhile, Israel prepares for a performance of his rap duo Membda, meanwhile Dany's alter ego, Negraconda, comes out to shine. | | | |
| 8 | "Week 8: First Loves" | August 1, 2019 (2019-08-01) |
| Melissa's partner visits Mexico City, but this visit leaves her at odd between either staying and live the experience or go back home. Diego gets in trouble with his roommies after bothering all of them while asleep as he returns from partying with Mafer and Sofía, after this issue, Emilio confronts him and shares his thoughts on the matter. Mafer lands her first gig in the fashion world, while Emilio leads his first conference in Mexico City, what makes it even more special is that it was a special talk for children currently being treated with cancer. | | | |
| 9 | "Week 9: All About What Really Matters" | August 8, 2019 (2019-08-08) |
| Diego's mouth causes trouble in the house, by making inappropriate comments to Melissa when asked about her relationship, which ends up bothering Sofía a lot. At a charity event, Diego gets extremely jealous and leaves, his indecision about their relationship leads Sofía to make a final decision. Israel's mother visits the house, and this scares him since he has had awkward moments with his roommates. Emilio lets it loose during a boy's night out. | | | |
| 10 | "Week 10: Vacation Time!" | August 15, 2019 (2019-08-15) |
| The roommate's learn that it is time for a well deserved vacation to San Luis Potosí, however, besides their baggage, other stuff will come with them. Emiliano and Israel will face their biggest fears, while Sofía understands that beauty is completely subjective. | | | |
| 11 | "Week 11: I'm Not Running, I'm Not Screaming, I'm Not Pushing" | August 22, 2019 (2019-08-22) |
| Diego gets a harsh reality check when it comes to money, and lands his first job waitressing. Melissa receives stressing news from home, as her mom lets her know that her father has learned that she is gay. After visiting two music producers, Israel's fears land him into trouble, on what was looking like a promising visit. | | | |
| 12 | "Week 12: Every Beginning, Has an End" | August 29, 2019 (2019-08-29) |
| The roommates become aware that the end is closer than what they think, and to take advantage of their final days together, they embark themselves in creating memories that will remain tattooed forever. The end of this experience hits Israel very hard, as he seems not ready to go back home. | | | |

## InfoBox

| *El Mundo Real* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Reality |
| Created by |  |
| Based on | *The Real World* |
| Country of origin | Mexico |
| Original language | Spanish |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 12 |
| Production | |
| Executive producers |  |
| Running time | 23-25 minutes |
| Production companies |  |
| Original release | |
| Network | Facebook Watch |
| Release | June 13 (2019-06-13) <br>August 29, 2019 (2019-08-29) |


title: Vilnius photometric system

abstract: Vilnius photometric system is a medium-band seven-colour photometric system (UPXYZVS), created in 1963 by Vytautas Straižys and his coworkers. This system was highly optimized for classification of stars from ground-based observations. The system was chosen to be medium-band, to ensure the possibility to measure faint stars.

text:
# Vilnius photometric system

**Vilnius photometric system** is a medium-band seven-colour photometric system (UPXYZVS), created in 1963 by Vytautas Straižys and his coworkers. This system was highly optimized for classification of stars from ground-based observations. The system was chosen to be medium-band, to ensure the possibility to measure faint stars.

## Selection of bandpasses

The temperature classification of early-type stars is based on Balmer jump (Balmer discontinuity). To measure it one must have two bandpasses placed in the ultraviolet, one beyond the Balmer jump (U magnitude) and another after the jump (X magnitude).

The Y bandpass is near the breakpoint of the interstellar extinction law (interstellar extinction in the 300–800 nm region can be approximated by two straight lines, which intersect at ~435.5 nm).

The P magnitude is placed exactly on the Balmer jump in order to provide separation for luminosity classes of --F stars.

The Z magnitude is placed on the Mg I triplet and the MgH molecular band. It is sensitive to the luminosity classes of --M stars.

The S bandpass coincides with H-alpha line position and provides information about emission or absorption phenomena in that line.

Finally, the V magnitude is chosen to coincide with a similar bandpass in the UBV system. It provides the possibility to relate these two photometric systems.

## Normalization

Colour indices of the system were normalized to satisfy the condition:

$U-P=P-X=X-Y=Y-Z=Z-V=V-S=0$

for un-reddened O-type stars.

## Mean wavelength and half-widths of response functions

The following table shows the characteristics of each of the filters used (represented colors are only approximate):

**Vilnius photometric system** filter wavelength and half-width response functions
|  | U | P | X | Y | Z | V | S |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Mean wavelength (nm) | 345 | 374 | 405 | 466 | 516 | 544 | 656 |
| Half-width (nm) | 40 | 26 | 22 | 26 | 21 | 26 | 20 |

UBV photometric system

## Sources

* Straizys V., *Multicolor Stellar Photometry*, Pachart Pub. House, 1992, 570 pages.


title: Parker Millsap

abstract: Parker Millsap is an American singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist from Purcell, Oklahoma, playing a blend of blues, country, rock, Americana, and folk music. Named one of Americana Music Association's 2014 Emerging Artists of the Year after the release of his eponymous album, Millsap garnered attention with his song "Truck Stop Gospel", which has been featured on NPR's music program The Record. Playing with childhood friend Michael Rose on bass and Daniel Foulks on the fiddle, Millsap's musical style has drawn comparisons to early Elvis Presley. In addition to singing, he plays guitar, harmonica and piano. He attributes his musical influence to growing up in a Pentecostal Church and listening to blues with his parents. He has opened for Patty Griffin, Old Crow Medicine Show, Shovels & Rope, Lake Street Dive, John Fullbright, Jason Isbell, and Sarah Jarosz, as well as headlining tours of his own, and counts Elton John as a fan. Millsap's television appearances include Conan and Austin City Limits. Millsap has released five studio albums. His 2016 release, The Very Last Day, was declared the 11th best roots album of the year by No Depression. His fourth album, Other Arrangements, was released on May 4, 2018. Other Arrangements features a more blues, rock, and pop-focused sound than his previous work. Millsap's fifth album, Be Here Instead was released on April 9, 2021.

text:
# Parker Millsap

**Parker Millsap** is an American singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist from Purcell, Oklahoma, playing a blend of blues, country, rock, Americana, and folk music. Named one of Americana Music Association's 2014 Emerging Artists of the Year after the release of his eponymous album, Millsap garnered attention with his song "Truck Stop Gospel", which has been featured on NPR's music program *The Record*. Playing with childhood friend Michael Rose on bass and Daniel Foulks on the fiddle, Millsap's musical style has drawn comparisons to early Elvis Presley. In addition to singing, he plays guitar, harmonica and piano.

He attributes his musical influence to growing up in a Pentecostal Church and listening to blues with his parents.

He has opened for Patty Griffin, Old Crow Medicine Show, Shovels & Rope, Lake Street Dive, John Fullbright, Jason Isbell, and Sarah Jarosz, as well as headlining tours of his own, and counts Elton John as a fan. Millsap's television appearances include *Conan* and *Austin City Limits*.

Millsap has released five studio albums. His 2016 release, *The Very Last Day,* was declared the 11th best roots album of the year by *No Depression*. His fourth album, *Other Arrangements*, was released on May 4, 2018. *Other Arrangements* features a more blues, rock, and pop-focused sound than his previous work. Millsap's fifth album, *Be Here Instead* was released on April 9, 2021.

## Discography

### Studio albums

| Title | Album details | Peak chart<br>positions | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | US Americana | Americana Airplay | US Folk | US Rock | Billboard 200 | Heatseekers Albums | Independent Albums | Top Album Sales |
| *Palisade* | * Release date: 18 April 2012 * Label: Okrahoma Records |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| *Parker Millsap* | * Release date: 4 February 2014 * Label: Okrahoma Records | 1 |  | 17 |  | 95 | 15 |  |  |
| *The Very Last Day* | * Release date: 25 March 2016 * Label: Okrahoma Records | 1 | 1 | 6 | 21 | 49 | 3 | 13 | 80 |
| *Other Arrangements* | * Release date: 4 May 2018 * Label: Okrahoma Records |  |  |  |  |  | 3 | 23 | 100 |
| *Be Here Instead* | * Release date: 9 April 2021 * Label: Okrahoma Records |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| *Wilderness Within You* | * Release date: 12 May 2023 * Label: Okrahoma Records |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|

### Other appearances

| Year | Artist | Album | Song |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2016 | Sarah Jarosz | *Undercurrent* | "Comin' Undone" (also co-writer) |
| 2019 | Samantha Fish | *Kill or Be Kind* | "She Don't Live Around Here" (co-writer) |

### Music videos

| Year | Video | Director |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2014 | "Truck Stop Gospel" | Matt Bizer/Ted Newsome |
| 2016 | "Pining" | Matt Bizer |
| 2019 | "Let A Little Light In" | Tim Duggan |
| 2021 | "The Real Thing" | Jacqueline Justice |
| 2021 | "Vulnerable" | Casey Pierce |
| 2021 | "Dammit" | Monica Murray |
|

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Association | Category | Nominated Work | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2014 | Americana Music Honors & Awards | Emerging Artist of the Year | Himself | Nominated |
| 2016 | | Album of the Year | The Very Last Day | Nominated |

## InfoBox

| Parker Millsap | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Purcell, Oklahoma, U.S. |
| Genres | Americana, roots rock, alt-country, blues, country folk |
| Occupation(s) | Singer, songwriter, musician |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar, harmonica, piano |
| Years active | 2012–present |
| Labels | Thirty Tigers, Okrahoma Records |
|  | |
| Website | www.parkermillsap.com |


title: Lunar Saros 141

abstract: Saros cycle series 141 for lunar eclipses occurs at the moon's descending node, repeats every 18 years 11 and 1/3 days. It contains 72 events. This lunar saros is linked to Solar Saros 148.

text:
# Lunar Saros 141

| Member 23 | Member 24 |
| --- | --- |
|
2005 Apr 24 |
2023 May 05 |

**Saros cycle series 141 for lunar eclipses** occurs at the moon's descending node, repeats every 18 years 11 and 1/3 days. It contains 72 events.

This lunar saros is linked to Solar Saros 148.

## List

| Cat. | Saros | Mem | Date | Time UT
(hr:mn) | Type | Gamma | Magnitude | Duration
(min) | | | Contacts UT
(hr:mn) | | | | | | Chart |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | Greatest | | | | Pen. | Par. | Tot. | P1 | P4 | U1 | U2 | U3 | U4 | |
| 08686 | 141 | 1 | 1608 Aug 25 | 19:20:07 | Penumbral | -1.5413 | -0.9471 | 21.1 |  |  | 19:09:34 | 19:30:40 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 08731 | 141 | 2 | 1626 Sep 06 | 3:05:57 | Penumbral | -1.4897 | -0.8544 | 85.7 |  |  | 2:23:06 | 3:48:48 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 08775 | 141 | 3 | 1644 Sep 16 | 10:59:45 | Penumbral | -1.4448 | -0.7742 | 115.0 |  |  | 10:02:15 | 11:57:15 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 08820 | 141 | 4 | 1662 Sep 27 | 18:59:20 | Penumbral | -1.4052 | -0.7037 | 135.6 |  |  | 17:51:32 | 20:07:08 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 08866 | 141 | 5 | 1680 Oct 08 | 3:06:25 | Penumbral | -1.3719 | -0.6450 | 150.6 |  |  | 1:51:07 | 4:21:43 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 08912 | 141 | 6 | 1698 Oct 19 | 11:20:30 | Penumbral | -1.3447 | -0.5973 | 161.9 |  |  | 9:59:33 | 12:41:27 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 08958 | 141 | 7 | 1716 Oct 30 | 19:42:19 | Penumbral | -1.3238 | -0.5613 | 170.2 |  |  | 18:17:13 | 21:07:25 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 09005 | 141 | 8 | 1734 Nov 11 | 4:10:31 | Penumbral | -1.3088 | -0.5360 | 176.2 |  |  | 2:42:25 | 5:38:37 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 09052 | 141 | 9 | 1752 Nov 21 | 12:43:58 | Penumbral | -1.2983 | -0.5189 | 180.5 |  |  | 11:13:43 | 14:14:13 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 09098 | 141 | 10 | 1770 Dec 02 | 21:22:32 | Penumbral | -1.2926 | -0.5104 | 183.2 |  |  | 19:50:56 | 22:54:08 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 09143 | 141 | 11 | 1788 Dec 13 | 6:04:27 | Penumbral | -1.2898 | -0.5069 | 185.0 |  |  | 4:31:57 | 7:36:57 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 09188 | 141 | 12 | 1806 Dec 25 | 14:48:04 | Penumbral | -1.2891 | -0.5071 | 186.0 |  |  | 13:15:04 | 16:21:04 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 09233 | 141 | 13 | 1825 Jan 04 | 23:31:53 | Penumbral | -1.2890 | -0.5081 | 186.8 |  |  | 21:58:29 | 1:05:17 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 09279 | 141 | 14 | 1843 Jan 16 | 8:14:24 | Penumbral | -1.2885 | -0.5083 | 187.7 |  |  | 6:40:33 | 9:48:15 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 09324 | 141 | 15 | 1861 Jan 26 | 16:54:03 | Penumbral | -1.2864 | -0.5052 | 189.0 |  |  | 15:19:33 | 18:28:33 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 09368 | 141 | 16 | 1879 Feb 07 | 1:28:35 | Penumbral | -1.2809 | -0.4956 | 191.4 |  |  | 23:52:53 | 3:04:17 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 09412 | 141 | 17 | 1897 Feb 17 | 9:57:44 | Penumbral | -1.2717 | -0.4790 | 194.8 |  |  | 8:20:20 | 11:35:08 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 09454 | 141 | 18 | 1915 Mar 01 | 18:19:32 | Penumbral | -1.2573 | -0.4528 | 199.8 |  |  | 16:39:38 | 19:59:26 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 09496 | 141 | 19 | 1933 Mar 12 | 2:33:03 | Penumbral | -1.2369 | -0.4154 | 206.3 |  |  | 0:49:54 | 4:16:12 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 09537 | 141 | 20 | 1951 Mar 23 | 10:37:33 | Penumbral | -1.2099 | -0.3661 | 214.3 |  |  | 8:50:24 | 12:24:42 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 09578 | 141 | 21 | 1969 Apr 02 | 18:33:06 | Penumbral | -1.1764 | -0.3047 | 223.7 |  |  | 16:41:15 | 20:24:57 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 09620 | 141 | 22 | 1987 Apr 14 | 2:19:50 | Penumbral | -1.1364 | -0.2313 | 234.1 |  |  | 0:22:47 | 4:16:53 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 09661 | 141 | 23 | 2005 Apr 24 | 9:55:55 | Penumbral | -1.0885 | -0.1436 | 245.6 |  |  | 7:53:07 | 11:58:43 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 09702 | 141 | 24 | 2023 May 05 | 17:24:05 | Penumbral | -1.0349 | -0.0457 | 257.5 |  |  | 15:15:20 | 19:32:50 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 09743 | 141 | 25 | 2041 May 16 | 0:43:03 | Partial | -0.9746 | 0.0645 | 269.7 | 58.5 |  | 22:28:12 | 2:57:54 | 0:13:48 |  |  | 1:12:18 |  |
| 09783 | 141 | 26 | 2059 May 27 | 7:55:35 | Partial | -0.9097 | 0.1829 | 281.7 | 97.2 |  | 5:34:44 | 10:16:26 | 7:06:59 |  |  | 8:44:11 |  |
| 09824 | 141 | 27 | 2077 Jun 06 | 14:59:52 | Partial | -0.8387 | 0.3123 | 293.6 | 125.0 |  | 12:33:04 | 17:26:40 | 13:57:22 |  |  | 16:02:22 |  |
| 09865 | 141 | 28 | 2095 Jun 17 | 22:00:11 | Partial | -0.7653 | 0.4459 | 304.7 | 146.9 |  | 19:27:50 | 0:32:32 | 20:46:44 |  |  | 23:13:38 |  |
| 09907 | 141 | 29 | 2113 Jun 29 | 4:55:26 | Partial | -0.6887 | 0.5849 | 315.1 | 165.2 |  | 2:17:53 | 7:32:59 | 3:32:50 |  |  | 6:18:02 |  |
| 09949 | 141 | 30 | 2131 Jul 10 | 11:47:56 | Partial | -0.6107 | 0.7265 | 324.5 | 180.4 |  | 9:05:41 | 14:30:11 | 10:17:44 |  |  | 13:18:08 |  |
| 09993 | 141 | 31 | 2149 Jul 20 | 18:38:11 | Partial | -0.5315 | 0.8700 | 333.1 | 193.2 |  | 15:51:38 | 21:24:44 | 17:01:35 |  |  | 20:14:47 |  |
| 10037 | 141 | 32 | 2167 Aug 01 | 1:28:59 | Total | -0.4536 | 1.0108 | 340.5 | 203.6 | 16.6 | 22:38:44 | 4:19:14 | 23:47:11 | 1:20:41 | 1:37:17 | 3:10:47 |  |
| 10080 | 141 | 33 | 2185 Aug 11 | 8:20:59 | Total | -0.3774 | 1.1482 | 346.9 | 212.0 | 59.3 | 5:27:32 | 11:14:26 | 6:34:59 | 7:51:20 | 8:50:38 | 10:06:59 |  |
| 10123 | 141 | 34 | 2203 Aug 23 | 15:15:12 | Total | -0.3039 | 1.2806 | 352.2 | 218.6 | 78.1 | 12:19:06 | 18:11:18 | 13:25:54 | 14:36:09 | 15:54:15 | 17:04:30 |  |
| 10167 | 141 | 35 | 2221 Sep 02 | 22:13:42 | Total | -0.2348 | 1.4048 | 356.6 | 223.5 | 89.7 | 19:15:24 | 1:12:00 | 20:21:57 | 21:28:51 | 22:58:33 | 0:05:27 |  |
| 10212 | 141 | 36 | 2239 Sep 14 | 5:17:34 | Total | -0.1708 | 1.5194 | 360.2 | 227.0 | 97.0 | 2:17:28 | 8:17:40 | 3:24:04 | 4:29:04 | 6:06:04 | 7:11:04 |  |
| 10257 | 141 | 37 | 2257 Sep 24 | 12:27:34 | Total | -0.1123 | 1.6239 | 363.1 | 229.3 | 101.4 | 9:26:01 | 15:29:07 | 10:32:55 | 11:36:52 | 13:18:16 | 14:22:13 |  |
| 10303 | 141 | 38 | 2275 Oct 05 | 19:44:07 | Total | -0.0599 | 1.7172 | 365.3 | 230.8 | 103.7 | 16:41:28 | 22:46:46 | 17:48:43 | 18:52:16 | 20:35:58 | 21:39:31 |  |
| 10350 | 141 | 39 | 2293 Oct 16 | 3:08:18 | Total | -0.0144 | 1.7979 | 367.1 | 231.6 | 104.6 | 0:04:45 | 6:11:51 | 1:12:30 | 2:16:00 | 4:00:36 | 5:04:06 |  |
| 10396 | 141 | 40 | 2311 Oct 28 | 10:40:16 | Total | 0.0241 | 1.7773 | 368.6 | 231.9 | 104.5 | 7:35:58 | 13:44:34 | 8:44:19 | 9:48:01 | 11:32:31 | 12:36:13 |  |
| 10442 | 141 | 41 | 2329 Nov 07 | 18:18:33 | Total | 0.0568 | 1.7146 | 369.8 | 231.9 | 103.7 | 15:13:39 | 21:23:27 | 16:22:36 | 17:26:42 | 19:10:24 | 20:14:30 |  |
| 10488 | 141 | 42 | 2347 Nov 19 | 2:04:59 | Total | 0.0825 | 1.6651 | 370.8 | 231.8 | 102.7 | 22:59:35 | 5:10:23 | 0:09:05 | 1:13:38 | 2:56:20 | 4:00:53 |  |
| 10533 | 141 | 43 | 2365 Nov 29 | 9:57:07 | Total | 0.1031 | 1.6251 | 371.8 | 231.6 | 101.7 | 6:51:13 | 13:03:01 | 8:01:19 | 9:06:16 | 10:47:58 | 11:52:55 |  |
| 10578 | 141 | 44 | 2383 Dec 10 | 17:55:40 | Total | 0.1179 | 1.5961 | 372.6 | 231.5 | 100.8 | 14:49:22 | 21:01:58 | 15:59:55 | 17:05:16 | 18:46:04 | 19:51:25 |  |
| 10623 | 141 | 45 | 2401 Dec 21 | 1:56:07 | Total | 0.1306 | 1.5711 | 373.3 | 231.4 | 99.9 | 22:49:28 | 5:02:46 | 0:00:25 | 1:06:10 | 2:46:04 | 3:51:49 |  |
| 10668 | 141 | 46 | 2420 Jan 01 | 10:00:56 | Total | 0.1394 | 1.5539 | 374.0 | 231.4 | 99.2 | 6:53:56 | 13:07:56 | 8:05:14 | 9:11:20 | 10:50:32 | 11:56:38 |  |
| 10712 | 141 | 47 | 2438 Jan 11 | 18:05:30 | Total | 0.1483 | 1.5366 | 374.5 | 231.3 | 98.5 | 14:58:15 | 21:12:45 | 16:09:51 | 17:16:15 | 18:54:45 | 20:01:09 |  |
| 10756 | 141 | 48 | 2456 Jan 23 | 2:10:08 | Total | 0.1568 | 1.5206 | 374.9 | 231.3 | 97.9 | 23:02:41 | 5:17:35 | 0:14:29 | 1:21:11 | 2:59:05 | 4:05:47 |  |
| 10798 | 141 | 49 | 2474 Feb 02 | 10:11:05 | Total | 0.1681 | 1.4998 | 375.0 | 231.1 | 96.9 | 7:03:35 | 13:18:35 | 8:15:32 | 9:22:38 | 10:59:32 | 12:06:38 |  |
| 10839 | 141 | 50 | 2492 Feb 13 | 18:09:20 | Total | 0.1814 | 1.4757 | 375.0 | 230.7 | 95.6 | 15:01:50 | 21:16:50 | 16:13:59 | 17:21:32 | 18:57:08 | 20:04:41 |  |
| 10880 | 141 | 51 | 2510 Feb 25 | 2:01:15 | Total | 0.1998 | 1.4426 | 374.6 | 230.1 | 93.7 | 22:53:57 | 5:08:33 | 0:06:12 | 1:14:24 | 2:48:06 | 3:56:18 |  |
| 10920 | 141 | 52 | 2528 Mar 07 | 9:46:47 | Total | 0.2233 | 1.4003 | 373.9 | 229.1 | 90.8 | 6:39:50 | 12:53:44 | 7:52:14 | 9:01:23 | 10:32:11 | 11:41:20 |  |
| 10961 | 141 | 53 | 2546 Mar 18 | 17:24:17 | Total | 0.2534 | 1.3462 | 372.7 | 227.5 | 86.4 | 14:17:56 | 20:30:38 | 15:30:32 | 16:41:05 | 18:07:29 | 19:18:02 |  |
| 11003 | 141 | 54 | 2564 Mar 29 | 0:54:06 | Total | 0.2895 | 1.2813 | 371.1 | 225.2 | 79.9 | 21:48:33 | 3:59:39 | 23:01:30 | 0:14:09 | 1:34:03 | 2:46:42 |  |
| 11044 | 141 | 55 | 2582 Apr 09 | 8:13:59 | Total | 0.3337 | 1.2017 | 368.7 | 221.9 | 69.7 | 5:09:38 | 11:18:20 | 6:23:02 | 7:39:08 | 8:48:50 | 10:04:56 |  |
| 11084 | 141 | 56 | 2600 Apr 20 | 15:25:41 | Total | 0.3845 | 1.1101 | 365.5 | 217.3 | 53.2 | 12:22:56 | 18:28:26 | 13:37:02 | 14:59:05 | 15:52:17 | 17:14:20 |  |
| 11124 | 141 | 57 | 2618 May 1 | 22:28:05 | Total | 0.4426 | 1.0049 | 361.4 | 211.1 | 11.6 | 19:27:23 | 1:28:47 | 20:42:32 | 22:22:17 | 22:33:53 | 0:13:38 |  |
| 11165 | 141 | 58 | 2636 May 12 | 5:23:36 | Partial | 0.5064 | 0.8894 | 356.1 | 202.9 |  | 2:25:33 | 8:21:39 | 3:42:09 |  |  | 7:05:03 |  |
| 11206 | 141 | 59 | 2654 May 23 | 12:09:21 | Partial | 0.5779 | 0.7597 | 349.4 | 191.8 |  | 9:14:39 | 15:04:03 | 10:33:27 |  |  | 13:45:15 |  |
| 11248 | 141 | 60 | 2672 Jun 02 | 18:50:39 | Partial | 0.6528 | 0.6238 | 341.3 | 177.8 |  | 16:00:00 | 21:41:18 | 17:21:45 |  |  | 20:19:33 |  |
| 11291 | 141 | 61 | 2690 Jun 14 | 1:25:03 | Partial | 0.7329 | 0.4780 | 331.4 | 159.2 |  | 22:39:21 | 4:10:45 | 0:05:27 |  |  | 2:44:39 |  |
| 11334 | 141 | 62 | 2708 Jun 25 | 7:57:36 | Partial | 0.8147 | 0.3292 | 319.9 | 135.1 |  | 5:17:39 | 10:37:33 | 6:50:03 |  |  | 9:05:09 |  |
| 11376 | 141 | 63 | 2726 Jul 06 | 14:25:33 | Partial | 0.9000 | 0.1736 | 306.2 | 100.2 |  | 11:52:27 | 16:58:39 | 13:35:27 |  |  | 15:15:39 |  |
| 11418 | 141 | 64 | 2744 Jul 16 | 20:55:09 | Partial | 0.9841 | 0.0202 | 290.8 | 34.9 |  | 18:29:45 | 23:20:33 | 20:37:42 |  |  | 21:12:36 |  |
| 11462 | 141 | 65 | 2762 Jul 28 | 3:24:16 | Penumbral | 1.0681 | -0.1333 | 273.2 |  |  | 1:07:40 | 5:40:52 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 11506 | 141 | 66 | 2780 Aug 07 | 9:56:19 | Penumbral | 1.1498 | -0.2829 | 253.5 |  |  | 7:49:34 | 12:03:04 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 11552 | 141 | 67 | 2798 Aug 18 | 16:31:28 | Penumbral | 1.2293 | -0.4284 | 231.4 |  |  | 14:35:46 | 18:27:10 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 11598 | 141 | 68 | 2816 Aug 28 | 23:13:01 | Penumbral | 1.3037 | -0.5648 | 207.2 |  |  | 21:29:25 | 0:56:37 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 11646 | 141 | 69 | 2834 Sep 09 | 6:01:06 | Penumbral | 1.3730 | -0.6920 | 180.6 |  |  | 4:30:48 | 7:31:24 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 11692 | 141 | 70 | 2852 Sep 19 | 12:56:17 | Penumbral | 1.4368 | -0.8093 | 150.6 |  |  | 11:40:59 | 14:11:35 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 11738 | 141 | 71 | 2870 Sep 30 | 20:00:43 | Penumbral | 1.4935 | -0.9136 | 116.5 |  |  | 19:02:28 | 20:58:58 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 11784 | 141 | 72 | 2888 Oct 11 | 3:14:10 | Penumbral | 1.5434 | -1.0055 | 72.9 |  |  | 2:37:43 | 3:50:37 |  |  |  |  |  |


title: Rhodospatha statutii

abstract: Rhodospatha statutii is a species of plant in the family Araceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

text:
# Rhodospatha statutii

***Rhodospatha statutii*** is a species of plant in the family Araceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| *Rhodospatha statutii* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Alismatales |
| Family: | Araceae |
| Genus: | *Rhodospatha* |
| Species: | ***R. statutii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Rhodospatha statutii***
Sodiro | |
|


title: Zack Williams (actor)

abstract: Zack Williams was an American actor. He appeared in numerous films including leading roles as in Son of Ingagi. His career spanned silent films from the early 1920s to talkie (sound) films of the late 1940s. He appeared with other black actors in the 1929 film Hearts in Dixie.

text:
# Zack Williams (actor)

**Zack Williams** (6 October 1884 – 25 May 1958) was an American actor. He appeared in numerous films including leading roles as in *Son of Ingagi*. His career spanned silent films from the early 1920s to talkie (sound) films of the late 1940s. He appeared with other black actors in the 1929 film *Hearts in Dixie*.

## Filmography

## InfoBox

| Zack Williams | |
| --- | --- |
| In the 1922 film *Pardon My Glove* (center) | |
| Born | (1884-10-06)October 6, 1884
Louisiana, U.S. |
| Died | May 25, 1958(1958-05-25) (aged 73)
Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Occupation | Actor |


title: Old Thames Shipyard

abstract: The Old Thames Shipyard is a historic shipyard on the Thames River at the end of Farnsworth Street in New London, Connecticut. Established in 1900, the shipyard included, at the time of its listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975, a complete working steam-powered marine railway system, one of the few such in the nation.

text:
# Old Thames Shipyard

The **Old Thames Shipyard** is a historic shipyard on the Thames River at the end of Farnsworth Street in New London, Connecticut. Established in 1900, the shipyard included, at the time of its listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975, a complete working steam-powered marine railway system, one of the few such in the nation.

## Description and history

The Old Thames Shipyard is located on the Thames River waterfront in northern New London, just north of the United States Coast Guard Academy. It is accessed via Farnsworth Street, down a steep slope to the waterfront, and is set on basically level terrain between the river and a railroad right-of-way. The property (as of 1975) included a brick headhouse, from which three sets of rails descended into the river. Two steam engines powered heavy chain winches (with a capacity of 1000 and 4000 deadweight tons respectively) for hauling boats out of the water. It was built by Thomas Chappell, who operated a fleet of tugs and barges for hauling coal, to service his ships at the Thames Tow Boat Company. During World War I and World War II the yard was used for shipbuilding, producing military and commercial ships.

John Wronowski took over the business (but not the property) from the Chappells in 1967. The shipyard property was taken by the United States Coast Guard in 1972, with plans to tear down the shipyard and expand its adjacent facilities. These plans were stalled by the National Register designation, and abandoned in 1976, amid disagreements with the city over the plans. Wronowski had fought the acquisition of the property, and was later given a waterfront area on Ferry Street in compensation, from which the Thames Shipyard operates. Wronowski, who had continued to lease this property from the Coast Guard, successfully acquired it in 1981. It now serves as the Thames Shipyard's North Yard, including its two main drydocks.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Thames Shipyard | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 50 Farnsworth St., New London, Connecticut |
| Coordinates | 41°22′43″N 72°5′53″W / 41.37861°N 72.09806°W / 41.37861; -72.09806 |
| Area | 7.2 acres (2.9 ha) |
| Built | 1900 (1900) |
| NRHP reference No. | 75001939 |
| Added to NRHP | April 17, 1975 |


title: Zannah Mustapha (politician)

abstract: Zannah Umar Mustapha was a Nigerian politician who served as deputy governor of Borno State from 2011 until his death in 2015.

text:
# Zannah Mustapha (politician)

**Zannah Umar Mustapha** (1966 – 15 August 2015) was a Nigerian politician who served as deputy governor of Borno State from 2011 until his death in 2015.

## InfoBox

| Zannah Mustapha | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Deputy Governor of Borno State | |
| **In office**
29 May 2011  15 August 2015 | |
| Governor | Kashim Shettima |
| Preceded by | Adamu Dibal |
| Succeeded by | Usman Mamman Durkwa |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Zannah Umar Mustapha
1966 (1966) |
| Died | 15 August 2015(2015-08-15) (aged 48–49)
Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria |
| Political party | All Progressives Congress
(2013–2015) |
| Other political
affiliations | All Nigeria Peoples Party
(before 2013) |
|  | |


title: 1974 Soviet nuclear tests

abstract: The Soviet Union's 1974 nuclear test series was a group of 21 nuclear tests conducted in 1974. These tests followed the 1973 Soviet nuclear tests series and preceded the 1975 Soviet nuclear tests series.

text:
# 1974 Soviet nuclear tests

The **Soviet Union's 1974 nuclear test series** was a group of 21 nuclear tests conducted in 1974. These tests followed the *1973 Soviet nuclear tests* series and preceded the *1975 Soviet nuclear tests* series.

Soviet Union's 1974 series tests and detonations
| Name | Date time (UT) | Local time zone | Location | Elevation \+ height | Delivery,
Purpose | Device | Yield | Fallout | References | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *396* \- 1 | 30 January 1974 04:57:04.6 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 603 49°48′57″N 78°02′24″E / 49.8158°N 78.0401°E / 49.8158; 78.0401 (396 - 1) | 677 m (2,221 ft) \+ | tunnel,
weapon effect |  | 24 kt |  |  |  |
| *396* \- 2 | 30 January 1974 04:57:04.6 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 603 49°48′57″N 78°02′24″E / 49.8158°N 78.0401°E / 49.8158; 78.0401 (396 - 2) | 677 m (2,221 ft) \+ | tunnel,
weapon effect |  | 6 kt |  |  |  |
| *396* \- 3 | 30 January 1974 04:57:04.6 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 603 49°48′57″N 78°02′24″E / 49.8158°N 78.0401°E / 49.8158; 78.0401 (396 - 3) | 677 m (2,221 ft) \+ | tunnel,
weapon effect |  | unknown yield |  |  |  |
| *397* | 28 February 1974 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 110 49°49′43″N 78°06′48″E / 49.8286°N 78.11322°E / 49.8286; 78.11322 (397) | 618 m (2,028 ft) \+ | tunnel,
safety experiment |  | 1000 kg |  |  |  |
| *398* | 16 April 1974 05:52:59.84 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1301 50°01′28″N 78°55′35″E / 50.02444°N 78.92639°E / 50.02444; 78.92639 (398) | 330 m (1,080 ft) \+ | underground shaft,
weapons development |  | 1 kt | Venting detected |  |  |
| *399* | 16 May 1974 03:03:00.1 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 176 49°44′45″N 78°02′15″E / 49.7459°N 78.0374°E / 49.7459; 78.0374 (399) | 652 m (2,139 ft) \+ | tunnel,
weapons development |  | 18 kt |  |  |  |
| *400* | 31 May 1974 03:27:00.02 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1207 49°57′41″N 78°50′33″E / 49.96148°N 78.84253°E / 49.96148; 78.84253 (400) | 330 m (1,080 ft)316 m (1,037 ft) | underground shaft,
peaceful research |  | 71 kt | Venting detected |  | Up to 127 observers washed with radioactive emissions, some perhaps to 100-200 REM. |
| *401* | 25 June 1974 03:57:00.2 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: Z-1pp 49°49′42″N 78°06′23″E / 49.82831°N 78.10632°E / 49.82831; 78.10632 (401) | 630 m (2,070 ft) \+ | tunnel,
weapon effect |  | 3.5 kt |  |  |  |
| *402 Kama 1* | 8 July 1974 06:00:00.0 | SVET (5 hrs)
 | Bashkortostan, Russia: Kama-1 53°42′N 55°06′E / 53.7°N 55.1°E / 53.7; 55.1 (402 Kama 1) | 2,130 m (6,990 ft) | underground shaft,
cavity excavation |  | 10 kt |  |  | Oil and chemical waste water burial. 22 km W Salavat. |
| *403* | 10 July 1974 02:57:00.0 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 195 49°46′45″N 78°06′10″E / 49.7791°N 78.1027°E / 49.7791; 78.1027 (403) | 600 m (2,000 ft) \+ | tunnel,
weapons development |  | 18 kt |  |  |  |
| *404* | 29 July 1974 03:28:00.0 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1050 49°56′15″N 78°56′09″E / 49.9375°N 78.93583°E / 49.9375; 78.93583 (404) | 330 m (1,080 ft) \+ | underground shaft,
weapons development |  | unknown yield |  |  |  |
| *405 Gorizont 2 (Horizon)* | 14 August 1974 15:00:00.2 | SVET (5 hrs)
 | Yamalo-Nenets, Russia: G-2 68°54′11″N 75°49′23″E / 68.903°N 75.823°E / 68.903; 75.823 (405 Gorizont 2 (Horizon)) | 550 m (1,800 ft) | underground shaft,
seismic sounding |  | 7.6 kt |  |  | Seismic probing program. 190 km NW Tazovsky, Tumen. |
| *407* \- 1 | 29 August 1974 09:59:56.2 | MSK (3 hrs)
 | NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-11 73°23′49″N 54°54′18″E / 73.397°N 54.905°E / 73.397; 54.905 (407 - 1) | 100 m (330 ft)1,000 m (3,300 ft) | tunnel,
weapons development |  | 1.2 Mt | Venting detected off site, 4.9 kCi (180 TBq) |  |  |
| *407* \- 2 | 29 August 1974 09:59:56.2 | MSK (3 hrs)
 | NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-11 73°23′49″N 54°54′18″E / 73.397°N 54.905°E / 73.397; 54.905 (407 - 2) | 100 m (330 ft) \+ | tunnel,
weapons development |  | unknown yield |  |  |  |
| *407* \- 3 | 29 August 1974 09:59:56.2 | MSK (3 hrs)
 | NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-11 73°23′49″N 54°54′18″E / 73.397°N 54.905°E / 73.397; 54.905 (407 - 3) | 100 m (330 ft) \+ | tunnel,
weapons development |  | unknown yield |  |  |  |
| *407* \- 4 | 29 August 1974 09:59:56.2 | MSK (3 hrs)
 | NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-11 73°23′49″N 54°54′18″E / 73.397°N 54.905°E / 73.397; 54.905 (407 - 4) | 100 m (330 ft) \+ | tunnel,
weapons development |  | unknown yield |  |  |  |
| *407* \- 5 | 29 August 1974 09:59:56.2 | MSK (3 hrs)
 | NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-11 73°23′49″N 54°54′18″E / 73.397°N 54.905°E / 73.397; 54.905 (407 - 5) | 100 m (330 ft) \+ | tunnel,
weapons development |  | unknown yield |  |  |  |
| *406 Gorizont 1 (Horizon)* | 29 August 1974 15:00:00.4 | MSK (3 hrs)
 | Komi, Russia: G-1 67°05′08″N 62°37′27″E / 67.08558°N 62.62404°E / 67.08558; 62.62404 (406 Gorizont 1 (Horizon)) | 590 m (1,940 ft) | underground shaft,
seismic sounding |  | 7.6 kt |  |  | Seismic probing program. |
| *408* | 13 September 1974 03:03:00.0 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 179 49°45′55″N 78°03′18″E / 49.7653°N 78.0549°E / 49.7653; 78.0549 (408) | 690 m (2,260 ft) \+ | tunnel,
weapon effect |  | 14 kt |  |  |  |
| *409 Kristall (Crystal)* | 2 October 1974 01:00:01.1 | YAKT (9 hrs)
 | Sakha, Russia 66°27′26″N 112°23′56″E / 66.45723°N 112.39882°E / 66.45723; 112.39882 (409 Kristall (Crystal)) | 305 m (1,001 ft)98 m (322 ft) | underground shaft,
earth moving |  | 1.7 kt |  |  | Designed to build a dam on the Deldyn River; was to be first of 8, but project was scrubbed by high radioactivity. Original crater covered with dirt from mine nearby. 90 km NE Aykhal, Yakutia. |
| *410 Argon 3* | 16 October 1974 06:33:00.14 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1005 49°59′16″N 78°53′40″E / 49.98773°N 78.89438°E / 49.98773; 78.89438 (410 Argon 3) | 330 m (1,080 ft) \+ | underground shaft,
weapon effect |  | 19 kt |  |  |  |
| *411* | 2 November 1974 05:00:00.0 | MSK (3 hrs)
 | NZ Area A, Chyornaya Guba, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: Yu-5N 70°53′N 53°52′E / 70.88°N 53.87°E / 70.88; 53.87 (411) | 30 m (98 ft)1,500 m (4,900 ft) | underground shaft,
weapons development |  | 2.3 Mt |  |  |  |
| *412* | 28 November 1974 05:57:00.0 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Sary-Uzen/Murzhik, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 215 49°57′N 77°42′E / 49.95°N 77.7°E / 49.95; 77.7 (412) | 460 m (1,510 ft) \+ | underground shaft,
weapons development |  | 10 t | Venting detected |  |  |
| *413 Lazurit (Lazurite)* | 7 December 1974 05:59:59.0 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Sary-Uzen/Murzhik, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: R-1 49°55′39″N 77°36′19″E / 49.9276°N 77.60523°E / 49.9276; 77.60523 (413 Lazurit (Lazurite)) | 460 m (1,510 ft)75 m (246 ft) | underground shaft,
earth moving |  | 1.7 kt |  |  | Supposed to build a dome, part of a dam wall on the upslope side of a 20 degree slope. |
| *414* | 16 December 1974 06:23:00.14 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 709p 49°45′35″N 78°04′31″E / 49.7598°N 78.0754°E / 49.7598; 78.0754 (414) | 629 m (2,064 ft) \+ | tunnel,
weapons development |  | 6.7 kt |  |  |  |
| *415* | 16 December 1974 06:41:00.34 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 148/5 49°49′58″N 78°01′54″E / 49.8329°N 78.0318°E / 49.8329; 78.0318 (415) | 600 m (2,000 ft)126 m (413 ft) | tunnel,
industrial |  | 3.8 kt |  |  | A second test of a special device (see #366 and #415) for keeping radioactivity from invading ore bodies when using a bomb to fracture them. |
| *416* | 27 December 1974 05:46:59.49 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1058 49°58′07″N 79°00′16″E / 49.96857°N 79.00437°E / 49.96857; 79.00437 (416) | 330 m (1,080 ft) \+ | underground shaft,
weapons development |  | 36 kt |  |  |  |

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2. "Time Zone Historical Database". iana.com. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
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4. Cochran, Thomas B.; Arkin, William M.; Norris, Robert S.; Sands, Jeffrey I. *Nuclear Weapons Databook Vol. IV: Soviet Nuclear Weapons*. New York, NY: Harper and Row.
5. Podvig, Pavel, ed. (2001). *Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces*. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 9780262661812. Retrieved January 9, 2014.
6. *USSR Nuclear Weapons Tests and Peaceful Nuclear Explosions 1949 through 1990*. Sarov, Russia: RFNC-VNIIEF. 1996. The official Russian list of Soviet tests.
7. *Nuclear explosions in the USSR: The North Test Site reference material, version 4* (PDF) (Technical report). IAEA Dept. of Nuclear Safety and Security. December 1, 2004. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
8. Andrushkin, Vitaly V.; Leith, William (September 1, 2001). *The containment of Soviet underground nuclear explosions* (PDF) (Open File Report 01-312). USGS. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 9, 2013. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
9. Kim, Won-Young; Richards, Paul G.; Andrushkin, Vitaly; Ovtchinnikov, Vladimir (April 1, 2001). *Borovoye digital seismogram archive for underground nuclear tests during 1966-1996* (PDF) (Technical report). LDEO. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
10. Nordyke, M.D. *The Soviet Program for Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Explosions* (PDF) (UCRL-ID-12441O Rev 2). Retrieved December 13, 2013.

## InfoBox

| 1974 | |
| --- | --- |
| Nuclear blast animation | |
| Information | |
| Country | Soviet Union |
| Test site | Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan; Bashkortostan, Russia; Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan; Komi, Russia; NZ Area A, Chyornaya Guba, Novaya Zemlya, Russia; NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia; Sakha, Russia; Sary-Uzen/Murzhik, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan; Yamalo-Nenets, Russia |
| Period | 1974 |
| Number of tests | 21 |
| Test type | underground shaft, tunnel |
| Max. yield | 2.3 megatonnes of TNT (9.6 PJ) |
| Test series chronology | |
|  | |


title: Lydiate Hall

abstract: Lydiate Hall was a 16th-century hall in Lydiate, Merseyside, England. The hall was a black-and-white half-timbered house, and was similar in design to Speke Hall. The hall was accompanied by a private chapel. It was a known Catholic house during the time of Elizabeth I of England, and the building contained at least three priest holes. The hall became a ruin in the early 20th century, and is now part of the grounds of Lydiate Hall Farm on Southport Road, Lydiate. It is now part of a conservation area, along with the nearby Scotch Piper Inn and St Catherine's Chapel. Its ruins were Grade II listed in 1968.

text:
# Lydiate Hall

**Lydiate Hall** was a 16th-century hall in Lydiate, Merseyside, England. The hall was a black-and-white half-timbered house, and was similar in design to Speke Hall. The hall was accompanied by a private chapel. It was a known Catholic house during the time of Elizabeth I of England, and the building contained at least three priest holes. The hall became a ruin in the early 20th century, and is now part of the grounds of Lydiate Hall Farm on Southport Road, Lydiate. It is now part of a conservation area, along with the nearby Scotch Piper Inn and St Catherine's Chapel. Its ruins were Grade II listed in 1968.

## History

### Construction and early history

The building was constructed in the 15th and 16th century, and was altered in the 19th century. The founders were Laurence Ireland and his wife Katherine Blundell. Ireland is believed to been responsible for the later extensions to the house sometime around 1451. The hall and its chapel were inherited by Edward Ireland in 1609. The building was originally a quadrangle plan with an enclosed courtyard, with the front being the oldest portion of stone construction and surrounded by a moat. During the late 18th century, then owner Henry Blundell authorised significant demolition of the hall, particularly the areas that were considered picturesque and in turn removing all trace of the principle frontage.

### 19th century

A fire was reported to have alighted in the wash-house in November 1877. The burning smell attracted attention from local people and was quickly extinguished. Concerns were expressed that any fire starting in the building could result in its total destruction due to its significant quantities of ancient oak. By the late 1880s, the hall, then owned by Mr Weld-Blundell of Ince, it was described as "fast decaying". and as being in a dilapidated state, with no repairs being undertaken. In 1907, the unoccupied property was burgled of its family heirloom paintings, which had to remain in the property under a clause in the will of a previous owner. The stolen artwork were cut from their frames, with the thieves said to "have gone about their work with great deliberation".

### 20th century

As of the 20th century, the foundations exist, along with the brick and stone structure with 19th century windows on the ground and first floor; the timber-framed hall was completely demolished. A partial collar and strut roof with moulded tie beams remained as of 1985, as well as a Tudor-headed fireplace with shield and cornice and a 19th-century range. In 1994, a planning application for Listed Building Consent was submitted to Sefton Council, proposing the partial demolition of areas of the old hall that were deemed to be unstable, to allow for archaeological research. By this time, there was no surviving timber from the 16th century of earlier, with just a single stone chimney stack the oldest feature to be intact. Preservation proposals continued to be reported in early 1996, with the home, believed to have at one time been owned by Lord William Lever, was being held together with scaffold.

**Citations**

**Sources**

53°32′20″N 2°57′47″W / 53.5388°N 2.9631°W / 53.5388; -2.9631

## InfoBox

| Lydiate Hall | |
| --- | --- |
| Lydiate Hall in 2014 | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Town or city | Lydiate |
| Country | England |


title: Lydiate railway station

abstract: Lydiate railway station was a station located on the Southport & Cheshire Lines Extension Railway off Carr Lane, just outside Lydiate. The Merseyside and Lancashire border runs down the stream alongside Altcar Lane, which runs parallel to the line. The station first closed in 1917, along with all other stations on the extension line, as a World War I economy measure. The station was reopened on 1 April 1919, and continued in use until 7 January 1952, when the SCLER was closed to passengers from Aintree Central to Southport Lord Street. The line remained open for public goods traffic until 7 July 1952 at Southport Lord St., Birkdale Palace and Altcar & Hillhouse Stations. Public goods facilities were ended at Woodvale, Lydiate and Sefton & Maghull stations on the same date as passenger services and there were never any goods facilities at Ainsdale Beach station to begin with. After 7 July 1952, a siding remained open at Altcar & Hillhouse for private goods facilities until May 1960. The last passenger train to run on the SCLER was a railway enthusiasts 'special' between Aintree and Altcar & Hillhouse railways stations on 6 June 1959.

text:
# Lydiate railway station

**Lydiate railway station** was a station located on the Southport & Cheshire Lines Extension Railway off Carr Lane, just outside Lydiate. The Merseyside and Lancashire border runs down the stream alongside Altcar Lane, which runs parallel to the line.

The station first closed in 1917, along with all other stations on the extension line, as a World War I economy measure.

The station was reopened on 1 April 1919, and continued in use until 7 January 1952, when the SCLER was closed to passengers from Aintree Central to Southport Lord Street. The line remained open for public goods traffic until 7 July 1952 at Southport Lord St., Birkdale Palace and Altcar & Hillhouse Stations. Public goods facilities were ended at Woodvale, Lydiate and Sefton & Maghull stations on the same date as passenger services (7 January 1952) and there were never any goods facilities at Ainsdale Beach station to begin with. After 7 July 1952, a siding remained open at Altcar & Hillhouse for private goods facilities until May 1960. The last passenger train to run on the SCLER was a railway enthusiasts 'special' between Aintree and Altcar & Hillhouse railways stations on 6 June 1959.

## Notes and references

### Notes

### Citations

1. Bolger 1984, pp. 56–7.
2. Bolger 1984, p. 6.

### Sources

* Bolger, Paul (1984). *An Illustrated History of the Cheshire Lines Committee*. Merseyside: Heyday Publishing Company. ISBN 0-947562-00-1.

| Preceding station |  | Disused railways |  | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sefton and Maghull |  | Cheshire Lines Committee
SCLER |  | Altcar and Hillhouse |

## InfoBox

| Lydiate | |
| --- | --- |
| Trans-Pennine Trail on the site of the former station (2008) | |
| General information | |
| Location | Lydiate/Great Altcar, West Lancashire
England |
| Coordinates | 53°31′55″N 2°58′25″W / 53.5320°N 2.9736°W / 53.5320; -2.9736 |
| Grid reference | SD355044 |
| Platforms | 2 |
| Other information | |
| Status | Disused |
| History | |
| Original company | Southport & Cheshire Lines Extension Railway |
| Pre-grouping | Cheshire Lines Committee |
| Post-grouping | Cheshire Lines Committee |
| Key dates | |
| 1 September 1884 | Station opened |
| 1 January 1917 | Station closed |
| 1 April 1919 | Station reopened |
| 7 January 1952 | Station closed completely |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Lydie Beassemda

abstract: Lydie Beassemda is a Chadian politician. Since 2 May 2021, she has been Minister of Higher Education and Research under Chad's Transitional Military Council. A campaigner for women's rights since 2005, she turned to politics in 2016 as a leading member of the Party for Democracy and Full Independence (PDI) founded by her father and headed the party following her father's death in 2018. Following government reforms, in May 2018 Beassemda was appointed Minister of Production, Irrigation and Agricultural Equipment. In March 2021, she became the first woman to stand as a presidential candidate in Chad when she participated in the 2021 elections but received only 3.16% of the votes. A military council took power on 20 April 2021 following the death of President Idriss Déby who had been elected president.

text:
# Lydie Beassemda

**Lydie Beassemda** (born c. 1967) is a Chadian politician. Since 2 May 2021, she has been Minister of Higher Education and Research under Chad's Transitional Military Council. A campaigner for women's rights since 2005, she turned to politics in 2016 as a leading member of the Party for Democracy and Full Independence (PDI) founded by her father and headed the party following her father's death in 2018. Following government reforms, in May 2018 Beassemda was appointed Minister of Production, Irrigation and Agricultural Equipment. In March 2021, she became the first woman to stand as a presidential candidate in Chad when she participated in the 2021 elections but received only 3.16% of the votes. A military council took power on 20 April 2021 following the death of President Idriss Déby who had been elected president.

## Early life and education

Born in the late 1960s in N'Djamena, Lydie Beassemda was the third of seven children in the family of Beassemda Djebaret Julien (1950–2016) who was also active in Chadian politics. After passing the baccalauréat in 1989, she studied biology, graduating from the University of N'Djamena (1994) and earning a master's degree in Nigeria's Abdou Moumouni University (1996). She later continued her studies in Canada, receiving two DESS diplomas (degrees for in-depth studies) in food production and in development planning from the Université du Québec à Montréal in 2009.

## Career

In October 1998, Beassemda was employed as a technician at Chad's Nutrition and Food Technology Centre. From 2001 to 2005, she was involved in the collaborative research project between Chad and Cameroon on oil exploitation (Gramp/TC). She then became increasingly interested in women's rights. In 2004, she founded Mudesoft in support of women's professional development, she became a coordinator at the Swissaid Foundation (2005–2010), a liaison officer for the Women's Associations' Information and Liaison Group Celiaf from 2007 and a founding member of Caid (Caisse d’appui aux initiatives de développement) in 2009. She also participated in the Oxfam Intermon women's rights programme (2009–2010).

Beassemia was a candidate in the third district of N'Djamena for the legislative elections in 2011 and the municipal elections in 2012. In 2014, she was appointed national secretary of the PDI party founded by her father. In 2016, she coordinated her father's election campaign and headed the party after his death in August 2018. Following the Chadian government reforms, in May 2018 she was appointed Minister of Production, Irrigation and Agricultural Equipment. In March 2021, she became the first woman to stand as a candidate in Chadian presidential elections but received only 3.16% of the votes.

Since 2 May 2021, Lydie Beassemda has been the Chadian Minister of Higher Education and Research under the Transitional Military Council.


title: Turbot Island

abstract: Turbot is a small island and a townland of County Galway, in Ireland, also referred as Inishturbot and Talbot Island.

text:
# Turbot Island

**Turbot** (*Inis Toirbirt* or *Tairbeart* in Irish) is a small island and a townland of County Galway, in Ireland, also referred as *Inishturbot* and *Talbot Island*.

## Geography

Turbot Island lies off the Irish coast not faraway from Clifden and Cleggan. It is located South of Inishturk and West of Aird Mhór Peninsula. The easiest place to land on Turbot is the North side of the island, where most of the old houses are gathered. A road cuts Turbot from East to West.

## History

A small community used to live on Turbot, but the island was evacuated in 1978. Later some of the old buildings were transformed into holiday homes.

### Demographics

The table below shows data on Inisturk's population taken from *Discover the Islands of Ireland* (Alex Ritsema, Collins Press, 1999) and the Census of Ireland.

Historical population
| Year Pop. ±%  1841 146       1851 169 +15.8%  1861 191 +13.0%  1871 160 −16.2%  1881 158 −1.2%  1891 115 −27.2%  1901 129 +12.2%  1911 105 −18.6%  1926 108 +2.9% | Year Pop. ±%  1936 101 −6.5%  1946 100 −1.0%  1951 89 −11.0%  1956 97 +9.0%  1961 80 −17.5%  1966 73 −8.8%  1971 65 −11.0%  1979 7 −89.2%  1981 1 −85.7% | Year Pop. ±%  1986 0 −100.0%  1991 0 0.00%  1996 0 0.00%  2002 0 0.00%  2006 0 0.00%  2011  0 0.00%  2016 1       2022 2 +100.0% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Source: Central Statistics Office. "CNA17: Population by Off Shore Island, Sex and Year". *CSO.ie*. Retrieved 12 October 2016. | | |

Media related to Turbot Island at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

Turbot
| Native name: Tairbeart, Inis Toirbirt | |
| --- | --- |
| Turbot | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Atlantic Ocean |
| Coordinates | 53°30′03″N 10°08′59″W / 53.50073°N 10.14984°W / 53.50073; -10.14984 |
| Area | 0.7389 km2 (0.2853 sq mi) |
| Administration | |
| **Ireland** | |
| Province | Connacht |
| County | Galway |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 2 (2022) |