title: River High School (Hannibal, Ohio)

abstract:
River High School is a public high school in Hannibal, Ohio, United States. It is one of three high schools in the Switzerland of Ohio Local School District. Sports teams are called the Pilots, and they compete as members of the Ohio Valley Athletic Conference. The school's athletic teams participate in Baseball,
Basketball,
Cross Country,
Football,
Golf,
Softball,
Bowling,
Track and Field,
Volleyball, and
Wrestling.
Student clubs and organizations include:
Art Club,
Fellowship of Christian Students,
French Club,
National Honor Society,
Spanish Club,
Ski Club; among others.

text:
# River High School (Hannibal, Ohio)

**River High School** is a public high school in Hannibal, Ohio, United States. It is one of three high schools in the Switzerland of Ohio Local School District. Sports teams are called the Pilots, and they compete as members of the Ohio Valley Athletic Conference. The school's athletic teams participate in Baseball, Basketball, Cross Country, Football, Golf, Softball, Bowling, Track and Field, Volleyball, and Wrestling. Student clubs and organizations include: Art Club, Fellowship of Christian Students, French Club, National Honor Society, Spanish Club, Ski Club; among others.

## Ohio High School Athletic Association State Championships

* Titles won by Powhatan High School prior to merger into River High School.

39°40′28″N 80°52′15″W / 39.6744444°N 80.8708333°W / 39.6744444; -80.8708333

## InfoBox

| River High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 52560 River High School Road
Hannibal, Ohio 43931
United States | |
| Information | |
| Type | Public high school |
| School district | Switzerland of Ohio Local School District |
| Superintendent | Phil Ackerman |
| Principal | Ed Trifonoff |
| Teaching staff | 20.90 (on an FTE basis) |
| Grades | -12 |
| Enrollment | 171 (2022–23) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 8.18 |
| Color(s) | Scarlet and Gray |
| Athletics conference | Ohio Valley Athletic Conference |
| Team name | Pilots |
| Rival | Magnolia Blue Eagles, Monroe Central Seminoles |
| Website | www.sk12.org/river-high-school/home-1/-/ |


title: Nana Barya Faunal Reserve

abstract:
The Nana-Barya Faunal Reserve is a protected area in the Central African Republic covering an area of 2,313.65 km⁲ (893.31 sq mi) that was established in 1953.
Since 2005, it is considered a Lion Conservation Unit.

text:
# Nana Barya Faunal Reserve

The **Nana-Barya Faunal Reserve** is a protected area in the Central African Republic covering an area of 2,313.65 km2 (893.31 sq mi) that was established in 1953. Since 2005, it is considered a Lion Conservation Unit.

## InfoBox

| Nana-Barya Faunal Reserve | |
| --- | --- |
| IUCN category IV (habitat/species management area) | |
|  | |
| Coordinates | 7°38′56″N 17°30′32″E / 7.64889°N 17.50889°E / 7.64889; 17.50889 |
| Area | 2,313.65 km2 (893.31 sq mi) |
| Established | 1953 |


title: Rina Zazkis

abstract: Rina Zazkis is a Canadian scholar in education and mathematics. She is a Professor in the Faculty of Education at Simon Fraser University and a Canada Research Chair in STEM Teaching and Learning.

text:
# Rina Zazkis

**Rina Zazkis** is a Canadian scholar in education and mathematics. She is a Professor in the Faculty of Education at Simon Fraser University and a Canada Research Chair in STEM Teaching and Learning.

## Career

Zazkis began her academic career at Simon Fraser University (SFU) in 1991 as an Assistant Professor. She was eventually promoted to Full Professor in the Faculty of Education by 2000. In 2011, she was a recipient of the Dean of Graduate Studies Awards for Excellence.

In 2017, she was appointed a Canada Research Chair in STEM Teaching and Learning. Two years later she received the 2019 Partners In Research National Award.

## InfoBox

| Rina Zazkis | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Education | B.A, M.A., University of Haifa
PhD, 1989, Israel Institute of Technology |
| Academic work | |
| Institutions | Northern Illinois University
Simon Fraser University |
|  | |


abstract: The Rivers State Local Government Service Commission is a statutory body established under the Local Government Law that is generally concerned with matters relating to recruitment of persons into the local government, their development, promotion, discipline and removal from service. The Commission also serves as an impartial adjudicator between the local government authorities and employees to ensure efficiency and effectiveness at local government level. The Chairperson and members of the Commission are appointed by the Governor of Rivers State, subject to confirmation by the Rivers State House of Assembly.

text:
# Rivers State Local Government Service Commission

The **Rivers State Local Government Service Commission** is a statutory body established under the Local Government Law that is generally concerned with matters relating to recruitment of persons into the local government, their development, promotion, discipline and removal from service. The Commission also serves as an impartial adjudicator between the local government authorities and employees to ensure efficiency and effectiveness at local government level. The Chairperson and members of the Commission are appointed by the Governor of Rivers State, subject to confirmation by the Rivers State House of Assembly.


abstract: The Rivers State Ministry of Commerce and Industry is a government ministry of Rivers State, Nigeria that is charged with the responsibility of dealing with matters that have to do with commerce, industry and cooperative, as well as to accelerate the economic and commercial development of the state. The ministry is led by its Commissioner, Chukwuma Chinye, who is assisted by Permanent Secretary Kadilo Brown. The official headquarters of the ministry are at State Secretariat, Port Harcourt.

text:
# Rivers State Ministry of Commerce and Industry

The **Rivers State Ministry of Commerce and Industry** is a government ministry of Rivers State, Nigeria that is charged with the responsibility of dealing with matters that have to do with commerce, industry and cooperative, as well as to accelerate the economic and commercial development of the state. The ministry is led by its Commissioner, Chukwuma Chinye, who is assisted by Permanent Secretary Kadilo Brown. The official headquarters of the ministry are at State Secretariat, Port Harcourt.

## InfoBox

Rivers State Ministry of Commerce and Industry
| Ministry overview | |
| --- | --- |
| Jurisdiction | Government of Rivers State |
| Headquarters | 5th Floor, State Secretariat
Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
4°46′22″N 7°1′1″E / 4.77278°N 7.01694°E / 4.77278; 7.01694 |
| Ministry executives | * Chukwuma Chinye, Commissioner * Kadilo Brown, Permanent Secretary |


title: Rio Grande (Bahia)

abstract: Rio Grande is a river of Bahia state in eastern Brazil. It is a tributary of the São Francisco River.

text:
# Rio Grande (Bahia)

**Rio Grande** (Portuguese for "great river") is a river of Bahia state in eastern Brazil. It is a tributary of the São Francisco River.

## InfoBox

| Rio Grande | |
| --- | --- |
| View of the Rio Grande in Barreiras, Bahia | |
| Rio Grande watershed (Interactive map) | |
| Location | |
| Country | Brazil |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| location | Bahia state |
|  | |
| Mouth | São Francisco River |
| coordinates | 11°5′S 43°9′W / 11.083°S 43.150°W / -11.083; -43.150 |


title: Hangzhou Children's Library

abstract: Hangzhou Children's Library, is a public library located in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, the People's Republic of China. It is a national first-class library assessed by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Founded on January 16, 1982, it was formerly the Children's Reading Room of Xinmin Branch of Zhejiang Library established in 1928. The new main building is located at No. 75 Shuguang Road, Xihu District. The foundation stone was laid on December 31, 1997, and it has been open since June 1, 1999. Covering an area of 5482 square meters. On July 16, 2019, a branch of "Shangshan House" was established on Nansongyu Street, Shangcheng District.

text:
# Hangzhou Children's Library

**Hangzhou Children's Library** (Chinese: 杭州少年儿童图书馆), is a public library located in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, the People's Republic of China. It is a national first-class library assessed by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Founded on January 16, 1982, it was formerly the Children's Reading Room of Xinmin Branch of Zhejiang Library established in 1928. The new main building is located at No. 75 Shuguang Road, Xihu District. The foundation stone was laid on December 31, 1997, and it has been open since June 1, 1999. Covering an area of 5482 square meters. On July 16, 2019, a branch of "Shangshan House" was established on Nansongyu Street, Shangcheng District.

## Buildings

### Main Building

The new building located on Shuguang Road was laid on December 31, 1997, and opened on June 1, 1999. Covering an area of 5482 square meters. In May 2010, the main building began to be renovated, and it was reopened in December 2012. The Early Childhood Department was established and began to provide services to preschool children aged 0–6.

### "Shangshan Home" Branch Library

Located at No. 22-26 Zhongshanzhong Road, it covers an area of 432 square meters and has more than 3,000 books available for borrowing. The first floor has small cultural salons, casual dining, and exhibitions; the second floor has dynamic activities such as reading and painting, interactive experiences, and party building leadership.

## Services and facilities

### Collections

The library has a collection of more than 370,000 books. In 2016, there were a total of 46 employees in the museum. In 2016, the library received 581,586 readers and borrowed 1,217,471 documents; it held 679 various activities with 89,099 participants.

Since the main library was moved to its current location on Shuguang Road, the classification method of books has been changed from the small and medium-sized classification method to the Chinese Library Classification.

"Monthly 100 recommended new books" and "book borrowing rankings" are launched every month, and special shelves for new books are set up for thematic reading. Pay attention to the reading of picture books, and set up a special shelf for "domestic and foreign picture books" to collect picture books that were originally distributed on literature bookshelves in various countries.

### Reader Services

Hangzhou citizen cards and second-generation ID card holders with citizen cards are automatically enabled to borrow books. Alipay accounts with a Sesame Credit score of 550 or above can also scan the QR code to borrow books. Each card can borrow 20 volumes/pieces of literature . The borrowing period for books is 40 days and for audio-visual documents is 14 days. Starting from April 23, 2019, overdue fees will no longer be incurred when borrowing books overdue.

Books in the main library and the "Shangshanzhijia" branch can be borrowed and returned within the Hangzhou Public Library system.

### Social Services

Hangzhou Children's Library has organized reading and newspaper reading activities for many times, carried out various interest groups and intellectual development training classes for all ages, carried out activities such as book trade-in for new ones and charity sales, and held " "Little Migratory Birds" (children of migrant workers), music and other public welfare summer camps. In 2012, the "Zhejiang Literary Volunteer Service Base" was established in cooperation with the Zhejiang Literary Volunteer Center.

The Yuedu Express project was launched in November 2016. Yuedu Express is a small mobile library with nearly 6,000 books. It travels to multiple schools every week, allowing students in remote schools to borrow books conveniently.

As of the end of 2018, Hangzhou Children's Library has established a total of 66 social education-related outlets in kindergartens, primary and secondary schools, and communities.

1. "杭州少年儿童图书馆" \[Hangzhou Children's Library\]. *浙江省文化和旅游厅* \[*Zhejiang Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism*\] (in Simplified Chinese). 2015-07-07. Archived from the original on 2019-08-20. Retrieved 2019-08-20.
2. "闭馆一年多了少儿图书馆重开时间未定" \[The children's library has been closed for more than a year and the reopening time has not yet been determined\]. *浙江在线-浙江新闻* \[*Zhejiang Online-Zhejiang News*\] (in Simplified Chinese). 2011-09-06. Archived from the original on 2012-12-23. Retrieved 2019-08-28.
3. "市少儿图书馆今日重开" \[Hangzhou Children's Library reopens today\]. *都市快报* \[*Zhejiang City Newsflash*\] (in Simplified Chinese). 2012-12-12. Archived from the original on 2019-08-28. Retrieved 2019-08-28.
4. "家长反映 重新开放的杭州少年儿童图书馆很不错！" \[Parents reported positive feedback about the reopened Hangzhou Children’s Library\]. *浙江新闻\_浙江在线* \[*Zhejiang Online-Zhejiang News*\] (in Simplified Chinese). 2013-01-21. Archived from the original on 2019-08-06. Retrieved 2019-08-06.
5. "杭州少年儿童图书馆面向0-3岁婴幼儿开展活动" \[Hangzhou Children's Library carries out activities for infants aged 0-3 years old\] (PDF). *中国图书馆学会工作通讯* (in Simplified Chinese). **1** (2013 Issue 2): 78. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-08-20. Retrieved 2019-08-20.
6. 高婷婷 (2019-07-17). "上城区尚善之家开通杭少图首家主题分馆" \[Hangzhou Children's Library opens its first themed branch Shangshan Home in Shangcheng District\]. *杭州网* \[*Hangzhou Net*\] (in Simplified Chinese). Archived from the original on 2019-08-06. Retrieved 2019-08-06.
7. *2016年杭州少年儿童图书馆 事业单位法人年度报告书* \[*2016 Hangzhou Children’s and Children’s Library Public Institution Annual Report*\] (in Simplified Chinese). National Institution Registration Administration.
8. "我在少儿馆这三十年 - 燃情岁月——杭州图书馆50周年（1958-2008）纪念" \[My Thirty Years in Children's Library - Years of Passion - Commemoration of the 50th Anniversary of Hangzhou Library (1958-2008)\]. *杭州图书馆* \[*Hangzhou Library*\] (in Simplified Chinese). 2015-03-04. Archived from the original on 2019-08-19. Retrieved 2019-08-19.
9. "公共图书馆与少儿阅读" \[Public libraries and children’s reading\]. *图书与情报* \[*Books and information*\] (in Simplified Chinese). **1** (2010 Issue 2): 11–13. Archived from the original on 2019-08-14. Retrieved 2019-08-14.
10. "还记得当年办过的借书卡吗？ 浙江图书馆喊你去退钱" \[Do you still remember the library card you applied for back then? Zhejiang Library calls you to refund money\]. *浙江新闻* \[*Zhejiang News*\]. Archived from the original on 2019-08-06. Retrieved 2019-08-06.
11. "公共信息：借阅指南 - 杭州少年儿童图书馆" \[Public Information: Borrowing Guide - Hangzhou Children's Library\]. *杭州少年儿童图书馆* \[*Hangzhou Children's Library*\] (in Simplified Chinese). 2019-08-16. Archived from the original on 2019-08-06. Retrieved 2019-08-29.
12. "杭州少年儿童图书馆" \[Hangzhou Children's Library\]. *浙江省图书馆志* \[*Zhejiang Provincial Library Chronicle*\]. 2012-12-08. Retrieved 2019-08-14.
13. "杭州：旧书换新书 天热心更暖" \[Hangzhou: Replace old books with new ones and our hearts are warmer\]. *人民网*. 2018-07-09. Archived from the original on 2019-08-28. Retrieved 2019-08-28.
14. 纪驭亚 (2014-05-17). "杭州少年儿童图书馆 为丹丹发起爱心义卖" \[Hangzhou Children's Library launches charity sale for Dandan\]. *今日早报* \[*Hangzhou Daily Morning Newspaper*\]. Archived from the original on 2019-08-28. Retrieved 2019-08-28.
15. ""筑梦吧，少年"2017公益夏令营开营" \["Build a Dream, Young Man" 2017 Charity Summer Camp Opens\]. *杭州网*. Archived from the original on 2017-10-25. Retrieved 2019-08-28.
16. "杭州少儿图书馆公益夏令营开营 小候鸟快乐学音乐" \[Hangzhou Children's Library Public Welfare Summer Camp Opens, Little Migratory Birds Learn Music Happily\]. *浙江在线* \[*Zhejiang Online*\]. 2013-08-05. Archived from the original on 2019-08-28. Retrieved 2019-08-28.
17. "杭州少儿图书馆开展多样化志愿服务" \[Hangzhou Children’s Library launches diversified volunteer services\]. *杭州网* \[*Hangzhou Net*\]. 2014-06-30. Archived from the original on 2014-08-29. Retrieved 2019-08-28.
18. ""悦读快车"项目杭城首发·城报" \["Yuedu Express" project first launched in Hangzhou · City Newspaper\]. *杭州日报* \[*Hangzhou Daily Newspaper*\]. Archived from the original on 2019-08-28. Retrieved 2019-08-28.
19. ""悦读快车"进校园 流动图书伴成长" \["Yuedu Express" enters campus and mobile books accompany growth\]. *新浪网* \[*Sina*\]. 2017-12-26. Archived from the original on 2019-08-06. Retrieved 2019-08-06.
20. 吴白羽. "分层服务理念下少儿图书馆未成年人服务的现状和特点" \[Current situation and characteristics of services for minors in children's libraries under the hierarchical service concept\] (PDF). *图书馆研究与工作* \[*Library research and work*\]. **1** (2019 Issue 3): 79. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-08-28. Retrieved 2019-08-28.

## InfoBox

| Hangzhou Children's Library | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 30°15′55″N 120°7′49″E / 30.26528°N 120.13028°E / 30.26528; 120.13028 | |
| Location | No. 75, Shuguang Road Xihu District (main building)
No. 22-26, Zhongshanzhong Road, Shangcheng District ("Shangshan Home" branch),  People's Republic of China |
| Type | Public Library |
| Established | January 16, 1982 |
| Collection | |
| Items collected | 370,000（2013） |
| Criteria for collection | Chinese Library Classification |
| Access and use | |
| Access requirements | Hangzhou Citizen ID
Chinese Resident Identity Card
Alipay |
| Other information | |
| Director | Chu Shuqing |
| Employees | 46（2016） |
| Website | www.hzst.net |


title: Hamish & Andy

abstract: Hamish & Andy are an Australian comedy duo formed in 2003 by Hamish Blake and Andy Lee. Best known for their various drive time radio programmes on the Hit Network, which aired in multiple formats until 2017, their shows gained consistently high market share and became the highest rated radio show in Australian history. Retiring after 14 years of broadcasting, the duo now produce a weekly self-titled podcast and occasionally publish a secondary programme, the Remembering Project, to revisit their old radio segments. The duo have also worked extensively in television, known as correspondents on Rove and for their various seasons of Hamish & Andy's Gap Year which won multiple Logie Awards including Most Popular Light Entertainment Program in 2012, 2014 and 2015. They have made numerous appearances hosting events, competing on game shows and in celebrity sporting events. They also performed in a touring rock cover band, Cool Boys and the Frontman, throughout 2016 and 2017. The pair were ranked the highest-paid commercial radio hosts in Australia, with individual salaries of A$4 million, as of 2014.

text:
# Hamish & Andy

**Hamish & Andy** are an Australian comedy duo formed in 2003 by Hamish Blake and Andy Lee. Best known for their various drive time radio programmes on the Hit Network, which aired in multiple formats until 2017, their shows gained consistently high market share and became the highest rated radio show in Australian history. Retiring after 14 years of broadcasting, the duo now produce a weekly self-titled podcast and occasionally publish a secondary programme, the *Remembering Project*, to revisit their old radio segments.

The duo have also worked extensively in television, known as correspondents on *Rove* and for their various seasons of *Hamish & Andy's Gap Year* which won multiple Logie Awards including Most Popular Light Entertainment Program in 2012, 2014 and 2015.

They have made numerous appearances hosting events, competing on game shows and in celebrity sporting events. They also performed in a touring rock cover band, Cool Boys and the Frontman, throughout 2016 and 2017. The pair were ranked the highest-paid commercial radio hosts in Australia, with individual salaries of A$4 million, as of 2014.

## Background

Hamish Blake and Andy Lee met while both studying at the University of Melbourne in 2001. They entered comedy competitions together and just a year after meeting, they started their career in radio by hosting a show on community radio station SYN FM.

## Radio career (2002–2017)

### First radio programmes

The duo began presenting radio on the Student Youth Network, initially hosting *Cruise Control* in the Monday afternoon timeslot during the station's test broadcasts in June 2002. They later co-hosted the station's Friday afternoon drivetime show *The Buzz* in 2003. Soon after Hamish began writing for the Fox FM breakfast show (*The Matt & Jo Show*), the pair began hosting a Monday night late-night radio program called *Almost Tuesday* on the same station. The duo then hosted the Fox FM program *Almost Midday* on Saturday mornings, which was so successful it was syndicated nationally across the Today Network.

In 2023, the duo announced on their *Remembering Project* podcast that they had retrieved various CDs containing content from *Almost Midday* and planned on adding them to their *Hamish & Andy Unlimited* subscription service for Apple Podcasts and their Libsyn-powered Android app.

The duo presented two radio specials on BBC 6 Music in the United Kingdom on 21 December 2009 and 26 January 2010. On Friday 11 June, it was announced on the *Christian O'Connell Breakfast Show* that Hamish & Andy would be presenting three shows in London during July 2010 to cover O'Connell's holiday. Hamish and Andy signed a deal to present a series of shows to air on Absolute Radio Sunday evenings.

### Drive time programme

The duo hosted a two-hour weekday radio show titled *Hamish & Andy* from 2006 to 2013. It was broadcast in all the seven major cities of Australia in the afternoon drive time slot. The show was the highest-rated radio series in Australian history, with approximately two million listeners daily. During its broadcast, the show had completed two domestic and two foreign caravan tours, a Bass Strait sailboat trip, and trips to Afghanistan, Beijing, Japan, India, and the US, recording live on location. They were also syndicated internationally, with a highlights package broadcast on BBC Radio 6 in December 2009. In 2010, they also presented three shows in London to cover Christian O'Connell on his breakfast show.

The duo have released two compilation albums of segments from their daily radio show, *Unessential Listening* (2008) and *Celebrating 50 Glorious Years* (2010). Both albums won ARIA Awards for Best Comedy Release. The program won 14 Australian Commercial Radio Awards.

Blake and Lee announced in August 2010 that they would be cutting down their show to a single program each week from 2011 onward, in the Friday afternoon drive time slot. The final daily program aired on 3 December 2010.

### *Business Brunch/Happy Hour*

Hamish and Andy returned to daily radio in early 2013 with a new show titled *Business Brunch*, airing from 9 am to 10 am Tuesdays to Fridays (except in Sydney, where it would air from 10 am to 11 am, following The Kyle & Jackie O Show). This complemented their regular drive time show which had moved to just be on Mondays. Rather than having recurring segments each day, *Business Brunch* aimed to cover one topic per show. Listeners were invited to contribute their expertise on a wide range of topics via their website, rather than through the traditional radio phone-in method. The late Nine Network news personality Peter Harvey provided the voice of the introduction, even after his death (as it was the wish of him and his family).

The pair announced in a June 2013 show that they had been "promoted" to the early drive slot of 3pm to 4pm weekdays. The show was renamed *Happy Hour* and continued the aim of discussing one topic per show. The move to this slot signaled a hiatus from their weekly 4–6pm drive show. They briefly returned to the drive slot for two weeks in July 2014 to fill in for current drive hosts Dan & Maz during radio survey break.

### Return to drive time

In October 2014, it was announced the duo would return to their weekly drive time slot on the Hit Network from 6 July 2015. In 2016, the duo announced that 2017 would be their final year on radio, and that they would be retiring to focus on their television careers once more. Their show's final episodes that year received an estimated 30 million podcast downloads.

## Podcasting career (2018–present)

After they retired from radio, Hamish & Andy announced the programme will continue in a weekly podcast-only format from 2018. As of 2024, there have been 244 episodes in seven seasons. In 2020, they also began a spin-off podcast called the *Remembering Project*, where they revisit a random segment from their back catalogue of over 2,500 radio episodes.

## List of audio-based programmes

List of radio and podcast programmes hosted by Hamish & Andy with years broadcast, duration and station
| Program name | Year | Timeslot | Duration | Station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Cruise Control* | June 2002 | Mondays 1pm-2pm | 1 hour | SYN |
| *The Almost Tuesday Show* | 2003 | Mondays 10pm–12am | 2 hours | Fox FM |
| *The Almost Midday Show* | 2004–2005 | Saturdays 10am–12pm | 2 hours | 2004: Fox 2005: Hit Network (formerly Today Network) |
| *Hamish & Andy* | 2006–2010 | Weekdays 4–6pm | 2 hours | January 2006: Fox June 2006: Hit and regionals |
| | 2011–2012 | Fridays 4–6pm | 2 hours | Hit and regionals |
| | January–July 2013 | Mondays 4–6pm | | 2 hours |
| | *Hamish & Andy's Business Brunch* | Tuesday–Friday 9–10am | | 1 hour |
| *Hamish & Andy's Happy Hour* | July 2013–November 2014 | Weekdays 3–4pm | | 1 hour |
| *Hamish & Andy* | July 2015–December 2017 | Weekdays 4–6pm | | 2 hours |
| *Hamish & Andy* (podcast) | February 2018–present | Thursdays | 45 mins | Listnr and podcast platforms |
| *Hamish & Andy's Remembering Project* | October 2020–present | Wednesdays | 20 mins | |

## Television career

Hamish & Andy have presented a number of television series and specials since 2003. They began on sketch shows but have found greater success in recent years with their travel diary-style programmes.

Series   Special

| Year | Program | Network | No. of episodes | Episode duration | Timeslot | Airdate(s) | | Viewers (Aus metro capitals) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | | Season Premiere | Season Finale | |
| 2003 | *Radio Karate* | Channel 31 | 6 | 30 mins | N/A | N/A | | N/A |
| 2004 | *Hamish & Andy* | Seven Network | 6 | 60 mins | 9:30 p.m. Wednesday | 31 March 2004 | 5 May 2004 | N/A |
| 2006 | *Real Stories* | Network Ten | 8 | 30 mins | 9:00 p.m. Tuesday | 22 August 2006 | 10 October 2006 | 788,000 (season average) |
| 2008 | *Hamish & Andy: Re-Gifted* | | 1 | 60 mins | 7:30 p.m. Wednesday | 19 November 2008 | | 1,136,000 |
| 2009 | *Hamish & Andy's American Caravan of Courage* | | 1 | 60 mins | 7:30 p.m. Thursday | 10 September 2009 | | 1,307,000 |
| | *Hamish & Andy: Re-Gifted – Another Very Early Christmas Special* | | 1 | 60 mins | 7:30 p.m. Monday | 23 November 2009 | | 1,052,000 |
| 2010 | *Hamish & Andy's Caravan of Courage: Great Britain & Ireland* | | 1 | 60 mins | 8:30 p.m. Thursday | 17 June 2010 | | 1,749,000 |
| | *Learn India with Hamish & Andy* | | 1 | 60 mins | 7:30 p.m. Sunday | 3 October 2010 | | 1,231,000 |
| | *Hamish & Andy's Reministmas Special* | | 1 | 60 mins | 7:30 p.m. Sunday | 21 November 2010 | | 1,183,000 |
| 2011 | *Hamish & Andy's Gap Year* | Nine Network | 10 | 60 mins | 8:30 p.m. Thursday | 28 July 2011 | 29 September 2011 | 961,000 (season average) |
| 2012 | *Hamish & Andy's Euro Gap Year* | | 7 | 60 mins | 8:00 p.m. Thursday | 14 June 2012 | 26 July 2012 | 1,248,000 (season average) |
| | *Hamish & Andy's Caravan of Courage: Australia vs New Zealand* | | 2 | 90 mins | 6:30 p.m. Sunday | 11 November 2012 | 18 November 2012 | 1,338,000
1,219,000 |
| 2013 | *Hamish & Andy's Gap Year Asia* | | 6 | 60 mins | 8 p.m. Monday
7 p.m. Monday | 8 July 2013 | 19 August 2013 | 1,372,000 (season average) |
| 2014 | *Hamish & Andy's Gap Year South America* | | 6 | 60 mins | 7:30 p.m. Tuesday | 1 July 2014 | 5 August 2014 | 1,000,000 (season average) |
| 2017 | *True Story with Hamish & Andy* (season 1) | | 10 | 30 mins | 7:30 p.m. Monday | 5 June 2017 | 29 August 2017 | 1,047,000 (season average) |
| 2018 | *True Story with Hamish & Andy* (season 2) | | 10 | 30 mins | 8:40pm Tuesday | 7 August 2018 | 9 October 2018 | 725,000 (season average) |
| 2019 | *Hamish and Andy's “Perfect” Holiday* | | 3 | 60 mins | 7:00pm Sunday | 17 November 2019 | 1 December 2019 | 1,457,000 |

### Early days

Blake united with Lee in 2003 when they developed a Channel 31 sketch show, called *Radio Karate*, with friends Ryan Shelton and Tim Bartley. Blake reunited with Lee in 2004 when they were named hosts of a new Seven Network variety program, *Hamish and Andy*, a show described as a successor to *Big Bite*. It premiered in 2004, and steadily built a moderate cult audience. However the show did not rate well and was cancelled after its initial run of six episodes. The 2004 series was then given a repeat run on 7HD in 2007, and many clips survive from these reruns.

In 2020, it was revealed that the tapes for *Hamish and Andy* had been taped over by the Seven Network by Commonwealth Games broadcasts when asked if they still had them.

### *Rove* and guest appearances

In 2005, they were recruited by comedian Rove McManus to develop a satirical television comedy series, *Real Stories*, which aired on Network Ten in 2006. From 2007 to 2009, the duo appeared fortnightly on *Rove* in a mixture of pre-recorded segments and live appearances. They hosted the Logie awards in 2007 and 2008 (and went on to open the 2013 and 2014 ceremonies), and the ARIA awards in 2008. They appeared on *Joker Poker* and *Australia's Brainiest Comedian* in 2005, *Are You Smarter Than A 5th Grader?* in 2009, and *Good News Week* in 2010. The group appeared on *The Jay Leno Show* twice in 2009, and on *The 7pm Project* numerous times from 2009, in a similar manner as they did on *Rove*. They appeared on the UK's *The Graham Norton Show* in June 2010.

### Network Ten specials

The duo have presented numerous televised clip show specials on Network Ten. *Hamish and Andy: Re-Gifted* at the end of 2008, and *Hamish & Andy: Re-Gifted – Another Very Early Christmas Special* at the end of 2009, were both produced in conjunction with Roving Enterprises and consisted mostly of highlights of their fortnightly appearances on *Rove*. Their 2010 *Hamish & Andy's Reministmas Special* served as a continuation of both and recapped many of their adventures during the year, mostly as part of their radio show.

In addition to these, they produced three travel specials for Ten. *Hamish & Andy's American Caravan of Courage* in 2009 (another Roving Enterprises co-production) summarised their two-week road-trip across the United States. Similarly, 2010's *Hamish & Andy's Caravan of Courage: Great Britain and Ireland* recapped their next caravan trip made as part of their radio show. Their third travel special, *Learn India with Hamish & Andy*, aired as part of the network's lead-up to the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi.

### Nine Network and *Gap Year*

Following a series of media reports, the pair confirmed in February 2011 that they had joined the Nine Network on a two-year contract, to produce *Hamish and Andy's Gap Year*. The show first aired on 28 July 2011. The show premiered to strong ratings and has since gone on to three more seasons (*Hamish & Andy's Euro Gap Year* in 2012 and *Hamish & Andy's Gap Year Asia* in 2013 and *Hamish & Andy's Gap Year South America* in 2014).

The pair also filmed a fifth *Caravan of Courage* adventure in 2012, in which they compared their home country, Australia, to their neighbours New Zealand in two 75-minute specials.

In December 2016, the duo announced that 2017 would be their last year on radio, in order to focus on television. They also announced an as yet unnamed TV show to be aired on the Nine Network in mid-2017. The duo advertised on their website and radio show, for listeners to contribute "great stories" for "The Great Stories Project" which was the basis of their 2017 television show *True Story with Hamish & Andy* on the Nine Network. The series was a success, and it was renewed for a second season in 2018.

The duo starred in the three-part series *Hamish and Andy's “Perfect” Holiday* in 2019, which documented their holiday across the United States and Canada.

## Discography

### Albums

List of albums, with selected chart positions and certifications
| Title | Details | Peak chart positions | Certifications |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | AUS
 | |
| *Unessential Listening* | * Released: November 2008 * Label: Roadshow Music (301441-2) * Formats: CD, digital download | 4 |  |
| *Celebrating 50 Glorious Years* | * Released: November 2010 * Label: Roadshow Music (301597-2) * Formats: 2xCD, digital download | 6 |  |

## Other projects

On 7 July 2007, they presented the Australian leg of Live Earth and appeared at the Melbourne Sound Relief concert in 2009. They played in the 2008 and 2009 E. J. Whitten Legends Game. They made a mockumentary short film, *The Greystone 2800*, that won the 2005 Melbourne Comedy Festival Short Film competition. They also hosted FHM's *Search for Australia's Funniest Man*.

They had minor acting roles on the soap opera *Neighbours*, portraying radio presenters Fred and Big Tommo on the episode dated 27 August 2008. The episode featured them promoting university drop-out Ty Harper's (Dean Geyer) band, and interviewing schoolgirls Rachel Kinski (Caitlin Stasey) and Donna Freedman (Margot Robbie) about their situation with Harper. They make a cameo appearance in the 2010 short film *IA: Interview Artist*.

They have also made appearances on many Austereo radio shows, occasionally filling in for Kyle & Jackie O, Matt & Jo, or Fifi and Jules when a regular presenter fell ill.

Hamish and Andy hosted "the richest horse suit race in Australia" in the small Victorian country town of Wedderburn, Victoria. It drew about 7,000 people and featured performances by themselves, Jessica Mauboy, and Birds of Tokyo.

In 2024, the duo (as "Hubbl & Andy") appeared in television advertisements for Hubbl, Foxtel's digital media player device.

## Awards and nominations

### ARIA Music Awards

The ARIA Music Awards are a set of annual ceremonies presented by Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), which recognise excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of the music of Australia. They commenced in 1987.

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2009 | *Unessential Listening* | Best Comedy Release | Won |  |
| 2011 | *Celebrating 50 Glorious Years* | | Won | |

## InfoBox

| Hamish & Andy | |
| --- | --- |
| Andy Lee (left) and Hamish Blake (right) at the ARIA Music Awards of 2009 | |
| Medium | Television, radio, podcasting |
| Years active | 2003–present |
| Genres | Comedy |
| Notable works and roles |  |
| Website | www.hamishandandy.com |


title: Hangul consonant and vowel tables

abstract: The following tables of consonants and vowels (jamo) of the Korean alphabet (Hangul) display the basic forms in the first row and their derivatives in the following row(s). They are divided into initials, vowels (middle), and finals tables. The jamo shown below are individually romanized according to the Revised Romanization of Hangeul, which is a system of transliteration rules between the Korean and Roman alphabets, originating from South Korea. However, the tables below are not sufficient for normal transcription of the Korean language as the overarching Revised Romanization of Korean system takes contextual sound changes into account.

text:
# Hangul consonant and vowel tables

The following tables of consonants and vowels (*jamo*) of the Korean alphabet (*Hangul*) display (in blue) the basic forms in the first row and their derivatives in the following row(s). They are divided into initials (leading consonants), vowels (middle), and finals tables (trailing consonants).

The *jamo* shown below are individually romanized according to the Revised Romanization of Hangeul (*RR Transliteration*), which is a system of transliteration rules between the Korean and Roman alphabets, originating from South Korea. However, the tables below are not sufficient for normal transcription of the Korean language as the overarching *Revised Romanization of Korean* system takes contextual sound changes into account.

## Leading consonants

Called *choseong*, or "initials", there are 19 initial consonants, whereof one (ㅇ) is silent, and five (ㄲ, ㄸ, ㅃ, ㅆ, ㅉ) are doubled:

| Basic jamo | Hangul |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Roman | g/k | n | d | r/l | m | b | s | -/ng | j | ch | k | t | p | h |
| Composite | Hangul |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | Roman | gg/kk |  | tt |  |  | bb/pp | ss |  | jj |  |  |  |  |  |

## Medial vowels

Called *jungseong*, or "vowels", there are 21 medial vowels:

|  | | Basic form | | | | | | | +e/i | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Basic jamo | Hangul |  |  |  |  |  |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| | Roman | a | eo | o | u | eu | i | | ae | e | oe | wi | ui |
| y+ | Hangul |  |  |  |  |  |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| | Roman | ya | yeo | yo | yu |  |  | | yae | ye |  |  |  |
| w+ | Hangul |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | Roman | wa | wo |  |  |  | oe | wi | wae | we |  |  |  |

## Trailing consonants

Called *jongseong*, or "finals", there are 27 final consonants; with the additional case of *no final consonant*, there is a total of 28 possibilities:

| Basic jamo | Hangul |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Roman | g | n | d | r/l | m | b | s | ng | j | ch | k | t | p | h |
| Composite | Hangul |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | Roman | kk | nj |  | lg |  | bs | ss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | Hangul |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | Roman | gs | nh |  | lm |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | Hangul |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | Roman |  |  |  | lb |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | Hangul |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | Roman |  |  |  | ls |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | Hangul |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | Roman |  |  |  | lt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | Hangul |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | Roman |  |  |  | lp |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | Hangul |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | Roman |  |  |  | lh |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

## Collation

Several collation sequences are used to order words (like alphabetical sorting). The North and South differ on (a) the treatment of composite jamo consonants in syllable-leading (*choseong*) and -trailing (*jongseong*) position, and (b) on the treatment of composite jamo vowels in syllable-medial (*jungseong*) position.

This first sequence is official in South Korea (and is the basic binary order of codepoints in Unicode):

South Korean collation
| Principle | Sort every composite jamo grouped after their leading single jamo |
| --- | --- |
| Initial consonants | ㄱ ㄲ  ㄷ ㄸ   ㅂ ㅃ ㅅ ㅆ  ㅈ ㅉ |
| Vowels | ㅏ ㅐ ㅑ ㅒ ㅓ ㅔ ㅕ ㅖ ㅗ ㅘ ㅙ ㅚ  ㅜ ㅝ ㅞ ㅟ  ㅡ ㅢ |
| Final consonants | ㄱ ㄲ ㄳ ㄴ ㄵ ㄶ  ㄹ ㄺ ㄻ ㄼ ㄽ ㄾ ㄿ ㅀ  ㅂ ㅄ ㅅ ㅆ |

Sequences of this second type are common in North Korea:

North Korean collation
| Principle | Initial consonants: All single jamo (except *ieung* ㅇ) before all doubled jamo; *ieung* after the doubled jamo
Vowels: All single jamo before all composite jamo; for composite jamo, all digraphs before all trigraphs; for digraphs, the ones ending in ㅣ precede others.
Final consonants: Doubled jamo after single and composite jamo |
| --- | --- |
| Initial consonants | ㄱ ㄴ ㄷ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅅ ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ ㄲ ㄸ ㅃ ㅆ ㅉ |
| Vowels | ㅏ ㅑ ㅓ ㅕ ㅗ ㅛ ㅜ ㅠ ㅡ ㅣ ㅐ ㅒ ㅔ ㅖ ㅚ ㅟ ㅢ ㅘ ㅝ ㅙ ㅞ |
| Final consonants | ㄱ ㄳ ㄴ ㄵ ㄶ ㄷ ㄹ ㄺ ㄻ ㄼ ㄽ ㄾ ㄿ ㅀ ㅁ ㅂ ㅄ ㅅ ㅇ ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ ㄲ ㅆ |

## Letter names

### Consonants

| Consonant | | South Korean name | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Hangul | Romanized | Hangul | Romanized |
|  | g | 기역 | giyeok |
|  | kk | 쌍기역 | ssanggiyeok |
|  | n | 니은 | nieun |
|  | d | 디귿 | digeut |
|  | tt | 쌍디귿 | ssangdigeut |
|  | r, l | 리을 | rieul |
|  | m | 미음 | mieum |
|  | b | 비읍 | bieup |
|  | pp | 쌍비읍 | ssangbieup |
|  | s | 시옷 | siot |
|  | ss | 쌍시옷 | ssangsiot |
|  | -, -ng | 이응 | ieung |
|  | j | 지읒 | jieut |
|  | jj | 쌍지읒 | ssangjieut |
|  | ch | 치읓 | chieut |
|  | k | 키읔 | kieuk |
|  | t | 티읕 | tieut |
|  | p | 피읖 | pieup |
|  | h | 히읗 | hieut |

* Consonant names in the 15th century seem to have ended in a vowel (without adding the last consonant repeating a shortened version of the initial), judging from 1451 Hunmin Jeongeum Eonhae's forms such as "ㄱ는", which may have been pronounced *geuneun*.

### Vowels

The "names" of the vowels are given according to the sound they make (their pronunciation). To be technical, the silent consonant would be added before the sound (e.g., ㅏ becomes 아).

## Hangul syllables

With 19 possible initial consonants, 21 possible medial (one- or two-letter) vowels, and 28 possible final consonants (of which one corresponds to the case of no final consonant), there are a total of 19 × 21 × 28 = 11,172 *theoretically* possible "Korean syllable letters" (Korean: 글자; RR: *geulja*; lit. letter) which are contiguously encoded in the 11,172 Unicode code points from U+AC00 (Decimal: 44,03210) through U+D7A3 (Decimal: 55,20310= 44,032 + 11,171) within the Hangul Syllables Unicode block. However, the majority of these theoretically possible syllables do not correspond to syllables found in actual Korean words or proper names.

Jump to tables with initial letter:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |


title: Han Da-sol

abstract: Han Da-sol is a South Korean actress. She is known for her roles in dramas such as Men Are Men, Twelve Nights, The Smile Has Left Your Eyes, and Happiness. She also appeared in movies Hot Young Bloods, The Mayor, and Dragon Inn Part 2: The Night of the Gods.

text:
# Han Da-sol

**Han Da-sol** is a South Korean actress. She is known for her roles in dramas such as *Men Are Men*, *Twelve Nights*, *The Smile Has Left Your Eyes*, and *Happiness*. She also appeared in movies *Hot Young Bloods*, *The Mayor*, and *Dragon Inn Part 2: The Night of the Gods*.

## Filmography

### Television series

| Year | Title | Role | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2018 | *The Smile Has Left Your Eyes* | Shin Yoo-jin |  |
| | *Twelve Nights* | Cheon Da-young |  |
| | *Memories of the Alhambra* | Gamer |  |
| 2019 | *Mother of Mine* | Jeong So-hee |  |
| | *Welcome 2 Life* | In Na-rae |  |
| | *Melting Me Softly* | Ma Dong-joo |  |
| | *The Tale of Nokdu* | Hang-ah |  |
| 2020 | *Men Are Men* | Kim Da-eun |  |
| 2021 | *Happiness* | Lee Bo-ram |  |
| 2022 | *Dr. Park's Clinic* | Yoon-ji |  |
| 2023 | *All The Liquors* | Kim Yun-ah |  |
| TBA | *Cheongdam International High School* | Oh Shi-eun |  |

### Film

| Year | Title | Role |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2014 | *Hot Young Bloods* | Bicyclist |
| 2017 | *The Mayor* | Yang Camp Media Team |
| 2021 | *Dragon Inn Part 2: The Night of the Gods* | Eun-young |
| 2023 | *Ungnami* | Yoo Min-joo |

### Music video appearances

| Year | Title | Artist | Length | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2012 | *Don't Forget Me* | AshGray | 3:45 |  |
| 2017 | *How Are You?* | Seo Dong-hoon | 4:00 |  |
| 2022 | *Apgujeong Rodeo* | HuhGak | 4:07 |

## InfoBox

| Han Da-sol | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1995-05-13) 13 May 1995
South Korea |
| Other names | Handa-sol |
| Education | Korea National University of Arts (Theater Academy and Bachelor of Acting) |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 2012 – present |
| Agent | Prain Global |
| Known for | *Happiness*
*Men Are Men*
*The Smile Has Left Your Eyes* |


title: Ritualz

abstract: Juan Carlos "JC" Lobo Garcia, known professionally as Ritualz, is a Mexican electronic musician based in Mexico City. The music of Ritualz is essentially a dark electronic music project, initially associated with the witch house genre and has since incorporated a darkwave and industrial-inspired sound. Ritualz's latest album, RADICAL MACABRO, was released in 2022 and marked a shift towards a heavier, more aggressive sound while retaining some sonic elements and atmosphere from his early releases. Lobo began producing music in the early 2000s. Currently he manages an independent record label called "Maligna".

text:
# Ritualz

**Juan Carlos "JC" Lobo Garcia**, known professionally as **Ritualz**, (and recognised by the symbol **†‡†**) is a Mexican electronic musician based in Mexico City. The music of Ritualz is essentially a dark electronic music project, initially associated with the witch house genre and has since incorporated a darkwave and industrial-inspired sound. Ritualz's latest album, *RADICAL MACABRO*, was released in 2022 and marked a shift towards a heavier, more aggressive sound while retaining some sonic elements and atmosphere from his early releases. Lobo began producing music in the early 2000s. Currently he manages an independent record label called "Maligna".

## Discography

### Albums

* *Doom* (2018, Artoffact Records)
* *Radical Macabro* (2022, Maligna)

### Live Albums

* *Häxan* (2020, Maligna)
* *En Vivo Desde El Más Allá* (2020, Maligna)

### Compilations

* *Outworld Music* (2014, Maligna)
* *Gloom* (2020, Maligna)
* *Rare Trax I+II* (2021, Maligna)
* *Hypermotion X 2.0* (2023, Dagger Forest)

### EPs

* Untitled CD-R (2010, Disaro)
* *Ghetto Ass Witch* (2011, self-released)
* *†‡† vs. Fostercare* (2011, Robot Elephant Records)
* *Hypermotion X* (2012, MISHKA NYC)
* *Rare Trax* (2016, self-released)
* *Rare Trax II* (2017, self-released)
* *Satánico Supremo* (2019, Artoffact Records)
* *Rare Trax III* (2020, self-released)

### Singles

* *Ghetto Ass Witch Remixes - Volume One* (2010, self-released)
* *Ghetto Ass Witch Remixes - Volume Two* (2010, self-released)
* *Ray of Light* (2021, self-released)
* *Disintegration* (2022, Maligna)
* *Nadir* (2022, Maligna)
* *Dose* (2022, Maligna)
* *Static Noise* (2022, Maligna)
* *Die Here Now* (2022, Maligna)
* *Violently Happy* (2023, self-released)

## InfoBox

| Ritualz | |
| --- | --- |
| Ritualz performing in 2024 at Club W71, Weikersheim | |
| Background information | |
| Born | (1985-03-18) 18 March 1985 |
| Origin | Mexico City, Mexico |
| Genres |  |
| Years active | 2010–present |
| Labels | * Artoffact * Disaro * Robot Elephant * Maligna |
|  | |
| Website | www.ritualz.com |


title: Hand Over Your Loved Ones

abstract: Hand Over Your Loved Ones is the second studio album released by American rock band Wheatus.

text:
# Hand Over Your Loved Ones

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | (*Suck Fony*) |
| *entertainment.ie* | (*Hand Over Your Loved Ones*) |
| *The Guardian* | (*Hand Over Your Loved Ones*) |
| *Leeds Music Scene* | (*Suck Fony*) |
| *Melodic* | (*Hand Over Your Loved Ones*) |

***Hand Over Your Loved Ones*** (re-released as ***Suck Fony***) is the second studio album released by American rock band Wheatus.

## Background

*Hand Over Your Loved Ones*, according to frontman Brendan B. Brown, is "a really glossy pop record that had a lot of radio friendly singles on it."

## Release

The album was released on 8 September 2003 by Columbia Records. Due to conflicts between the band and their record label, the album was poorly promoted, failed to sell well and only one single, "American In Amsterdam", was released from it. Free from their contract with Sony, Wheatus released five songs from the album on iTunes as *The Lemonade EP* in 2004.

The album was re-released on 14 February 2005 under the name *Suck Fony*, on the band's own record label Montauk Mantis Productions, after they decided to leave Sony BMG. The re-released version includes two new tracks, including the original composition "William McGovern", and the Pat Benatar cover "Hit Me with Your Best Shot". The album is currently available directly from the band's official website for $10, and is available to download in various formats using a 'pay what you want' donation system where the customer can donate any amount to purchase the album. The album's title is a spoonerism of the phrase "Fuck Sony". A T-shirt was available for a period of time from the band's website with the album logo on the front.

## Track listing

### *Hand Over Your Loved Ones*

1. "American in Amsterdam" – 3:58
2. "The Song That I Wrote When You Dissed Me" – 4:04
3. "Anyway" – 4:09
4. "Freak On" – 4:44
5. "Lemonade" – 3:22
6. "The Deck" – 2:38
7. "Fair Weather Friend" – 3:25
8. "Randall" – 4:18
9. "Whole Amoeba" – 3:07
10. "Dynomite Satchel of Pain" – 14:57

### *Suck Fony*

1. "The Deck" – 2:37
2. "Lemonade" – 3:23
3. "Hit Me with Your Best Shot" – 3:22
4. "Anyway" – 4:08
5. "Freak On" – 4:44
6. "William McGovern" – 3:48
7. "American in Amsterdam" – 3:57
8. "Fair Weather Friend" – 3:25
9. "Randall" – 4:18
10. "Whole Amoeba" – 3:08
11. "The Song That I Wrote When You Dissed Me" – 4:02
12. "Dynomite Satchel of Pain" – 4:17

* Hidden tracks

13. "The Song That I Wrote When You Dissed Me" (Demo #1) – 3:21 14. "The Song That I Wrote When You Dissed Me" (Demo #2) – 3:45

## Personnel

**Band**

**Other**

* Liz Brown – backing vocals
* Kathryn Froggatt – backing vocals
* Philip A. Jimenez – banjo, turntables
* David Froggatt – whistling, kookaburra
* Rakiem Walker – saxophone
* Gerald Thomas – baritone sax
* Michael Lewis – trumpet
* Benjamin Morss – Rhodes piano
* Bendji – timbales

## InfoBox

| Hand Over Your Loved Ones | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Wheatus | |
| Released | 8 September 2003
14 February 2005 (*Suck Fony*) |
| Recorded | June 2002–June 2003 |
| Genre | Pop rock |
| Length | 48:48
55:52 (*Suck Fony*) |
| Label | Columbia
Montauk Mantis (*Suck Fony*) |
| Producer | Brendan B. Brown |
| Wheatus chronology | |
| *Wheatus*
(2000) ***Hand Over Your Loved Ones***
(2003) *Lemonade*
(2004) | |
|  | |
| *Suck Fony* cover | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Riđica

abstract: Riđica is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Sombor municipality, in the West Bačka District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 2,590 people.

text:
# Riđica

**Riđica** (Serbian Cyrillic: Риђица) is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Sombor municipality, in the West Bačka District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 2,590 people (2002 census).

## Geography

Riđica is the northernmost settlement of the Sombor municipality; it is 2 km away from the border with Hungary. The closest neighbouring settlements are Stanišić, Kruševlje and Rastina.

## History

There are remains of the Celtic fort in this area. The earliest historical record of the village dates from 1535, which mentions it as a possession of Katarina Orlović. During the Ottoman rule (16th-17th century), Riđica was populated by Serbs. During Habsburg rule, Hungarians, Slovaks and Germans settled here as well. While Slovaks were mostly magyarized, Germans left from the village after the Second World War as a consequence of war events. As part of the post-World War II colonization.

## Ethnic groups (2002 census)

## Historical population

* 1961: 4,291
* 1971: 3,663
* 1981: 3,186
* 1991: 2,806
* 2002: 2,590

## Sport

There are volleyball club "Dalmatinac" and football club "Graničar" in the village.

* Slobodan Ćurčić, Broj stanovnika Vojvodine, Novi Sad, 1996.

U7i999 45°59′N 19°06′E / 45.983°N 19.100°E / 45.983; 19.100

## InfoBox

| Riđica Риђица (Serbian) | |
| --- | --- |
| Village (Selo) | |
| The Orthodox church | |
| RiđicaRiđicaRiđica | |
| Coordinates: 45°59′N 19°06′E / 45.983°N 19.100°E / 45.983; 19.100 | |
| Country | Serbia |
| Province | Vojvodina |
| Region | Bačka |
| District | West Bačka |
| Municipality | Sombor |
| Population (2002) | |
| Total | 2,590 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Hanna Aronsson Elfman

abstract: Hanna Aronsson Elfman is a Swedish World Cup alpine ski racer, who specialises in the Slalom and giant slalom. She made her World Cup debut at age seventeen in February 2020. She is the 2021 and 2023 Junior World Champion in giant slalom, as well as the 2023 Junior World Champion in slalom. She competed in the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing. Former Olympic free skier Marja von Stedingk is her maternal aunt.

text:
# Hanna Aronsson Elfman

**Hanna Aronsson Elfman** (born 29 December 2002) is a Swedish World Cup alpine ski racer, who specialises in the Slalom and giant slalom. She made her World Cup debut at age seventeen in February 2020. She is the 2021 and 2023 Junior World Champion in giant slalom, as well as the 2023 Junior World Champion in slalom. She competed in the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing.

Former Olympic free skier Marja von Stedingk is her maternal aunt.

## World Cup results

### Season standings

| Season | Age | Overall | Slalom | Giant
slalom | Super-G | Downhill | Combined | Parallel |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2022 | *19* | 86 | 43 | 44 |  |  |  |  |
| 2023 | *20* | *24* |  |  |  |  | |  |

Standings through 12 January 2023

### Results per discipline

| Discipline | WC starts | WC Top 30 | WC Top 15 | WC Top 5 | WC Podium | Best result | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | | Date | Location | Place |
| Slalom | 17 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 11 December 2022 | Sestriere, Italy | 4th |
| Giant slalom | 15 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 January 2022 | Kronplatz, Italy | 22nd |
| Super-G | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | | |
| Downhill | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | | |
| Combined | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | | |
| **Total** | **32** | **10** | **7** | **1** | **0** |  | | |
|

## Olympic Games

| Year | Age | Slalom | Giant
slalom | Super-G | Downhill | Combined | Team
event |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2022 | *19* |  | DNF2 |  |  |  | 13 |

## InfoBox

Hanna Aronsson Elfman
| At the Winter Youth Olympics in Lausanne, Switzerland in January 2020 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (2002-12-29) 29 December 2002
Karlstad, Sweden |
| Occupation | Alpine skier |
|  | |
| Skiing career | |
| Disciplines | Slalom, giant slalom |
| Club | Kils SLK |
| World Cup debut | 15 February 2020 (age 17) |
| Olympics | |
| Teams | 1 – (2022) |
| Medals | 0 |
| World Championships | |
| Teams | 0 |
| World Cup | |
| Seasons | 5 – (20202024) |
| Podiums | 0 |
| Overall titles | 0 – *(86th in 2022)* |
| Discipline titles | 0 – *(43rd in SL, 2022)* |
| Medal record      Junior World Championships  2021 Bansko Giant slalom  2023 St. Anton Giant slalom  2023 St. Anton Slalom | |
|  | |


title: Roaring Westward

abstract: Roaring Westward is a 1949 American Western film directed by Oliver Drake and written by Ronald Davidson. The film stars Jimmy Wakely, Dub Taylor, Dennis Moore, Lois Hall, Jack Ingram and Claire Whitney. The film was released on September 15, 1949, by Monogram Pictures.

text:
# Roaring Westward

***Roaring Westward*** is a 1949 American Western film directed by Oliver Drake and written by Ronald Davidson. The film stars Jimmy Wakely, Dub Taylor, Dennis Moore, Lois Hall, Jack Ingram and Claire Whitney. The film was released on September 15, 1949, by Monogram Pictures.

## Plot

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Roaring Westward | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Oliver Drake |
| Screenplay by | Ronald Davidson |
| Produced by | Louis Gray |
| Starring | Jimmy Wakely
Dub Taylor
Dennis Moore
Lois Hall
Jack Ingram
Claire Whitney |
| Cinematography | Marcel Le Picard |
| Edited by | Carl Pierson |
| Production
company | Monogram Pictures |
| Distributed by | Monogram Pictures |
| Release date | * September 15, 1949 (1949-09-15) |
| Running time | 55 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Rizzigau

abstract: In the early Middle Ages, the Rizzigau was a territory in the Ardennes Forest in what is today the Moselle department of France and Luxembourg. It corresponds to the ancient Roman vicus of Ricciacum, which has been variously identified with sites near Dalheim, Ritzing or Roussy. In the tenth century, the Rizzigau was the lower part of the county of Waldefinga along the river Moselle, including such towns as Thionville, Remich and Évrange. It is described as the "country of Ricciacum in the county [or country] of Waldefinga".

text:
# Rizzigau

In the early Middle Ages, the **Rizzigau** (Latin *Recensis pagus, pagus Rizogohensis, pagus Rizzigowi*) was a territory (Latin *pagus*, German *gau*) in the Ardennes Forest in what is today the Moselle department of France and Luxembourg. It corresponds to the ancient Roman *vicus* of Ricciacum, which has been variously identified with sites near Dalheim, Ritzing or Roussy. In the tenth century, the Rizzigau was the lower part of the county of Waldefinga along the river Moselle, including such towns as Thionville, Remich and Évrange. It is described as the "country of Ricciacum in the county \[or country\] of Waldefinga" (*Recensis pagus in comitatus Waldelefinganno* or *Rezcensis pagus in pago Waldefinga*).

## Sources


title: Risbridge Hundred

abstract: Risbridge is a hundred of Suffolk, consisting of 58,468 acres (236.61 km⁲). Risbridge Hundred forms the south western corner of Suffolk extending 15 miles (24 km) from north to south and between 4 and 9 miles (14 km) in breadth. It is bounded on the west by Cambridgeshire on the south by Essex, on the east by Babergh and Thingoe Hundreds and on the north by Lackford Hundred. It is in the Franchise or Liberty of St Edmund, in the Archdeaconry of Sudbury, Deanery of Clare and Diocese of Ely. The southern boundary with Essex is formed by the River Stour and the hundred is crossed by a number of streams. It is generally a fertile agricultural area with predominantly clay soil. The major towns in the hundred are Clare and Haverhill. Listed as Risebruge in the Domesday Book, the meaning of the name is not fully understood but probably "Hrisa's bridge" or a similar personal name. The bridge in question would almost certainly have crossed the Stour, an important crossing at a time when bridges were rare. However similar place-names are believed to have been bridges with a causeway over marshy land made from brushwood (ris) held by wooden pegs.

text:
# Risbridge Hundred

**Risbridge** is a hundred of Suffolk, consisting of 58,468 acres (236.61 km2).

Risbridge Hundred forms the south western corner of Suffolk extending 15 miles (24 km) from north to south and between 4 and 9 miles (14 km) in breadth. It is bounded on the west by Cambridgeshire on the south by Essex, on the east by Babergh and Thingoe Hundreds and on the north by Lackford Hundred. It is in the Franchise or Liberty of St Edmund, in the Archdeaconry of Sudbury, Deanery of Clare and Diocese of Ely.

The southern boundary with Essex is formed by the River Stour and the hundred is crossed by a number of streams. It is generally a fertile agricultural area with predominantly clay soil. The major towns in the hundred are Clare and Haverhill.

Listed as *Risebruge* in the Domesday Book, the meaning of the name is not fully understood but probably "Hrisa's bridge" or a similar personal name. The bridge in question would almost certainly have crossed the Stour, an important crossing at a time when bridges were rare. However similar place-names (ex: Ricebridge near Leigh in Surrey, Risbro in Sweden) are believed to have been bridges with a causeway over marshy land made from brushwood (ris) held by wooden pegs.

## Parishes

Risbridge Hundred consisted of the following 32 parishes and hamlets:

| Parish | Area (acres) |
| --- | --- |
| Barnardiston | 1085 |
| Chedburgh | 508 |
| Clare | 2178 |
| Cowlinge | 3000 |
| Dalham | 2080 |
| Denham | 1990 |
| Denston | 1230 |
| Depden | 1523 |
| Gazeley | 2270 |
| Great Bradley | 2204 |
| Great Thurlow | 1928 |
| Great Wratting | 1330 |
| Haverhill | 1817 |
| Hawkedon | 1210 |
| Higham Green | 2500 |
| Hundon | 4000 |
| Kedington | 1600 |
| Kentford | 800 |
| Lidgate | 1957 |
| Little Bradley | 958 |
| Little Thurlow | 1357 |
| Little Wratting | 950 |
| Moulton | 3073 |
| Needham | 900 |
| Ousden | 1490 |
| Poslingford | 2300 |
| Stansfield | 1850 |
| Stoke-by-Clare | 2330 |
| Stradishall | 1400 |
| Wickhambrook | 4000 |
| Withersfield | 2059 |
| Wixoe | 600 |

52°06′N 0°36′E / 52.1°N 0.6°E / 52.1; 0.6


title: Hanna Lundell

abstract: Hanna Lundell is a Swedish footballer who plays as a forward.

text:
# Hanna Lundell

**Hanna Lundell** (born 6 July 1998) is a Swedish footballer who plays as a forward.

## Honours

Rosengård

**Winner**

**Runner-up**

## InfoBox

Hanna Lundell
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Hanna Lundell | | |
| Date of birth | (1998-07-06) 6 July 1998 | | |
| Place of birth | Sweden | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | IK Uppsala | | |
| Number | 23 | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2015–2016 | FC Rosengård | 16 | (0) |
| 2017– | IK Uppsala | 10 | (2) |
| International career | | | |
| 2015 | Sweden U17 | 3 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 10 September 2015<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 16 April 2015 | | | |


title: Handball at the 2017 Summer Deaflympics

abstract: Handball at the 2017 Summer Deaflympics in Samsun took place at Çarşamba Sports Hall from 20 to 28 July 2017.

text:
# Handball at the 2017 Summer Deaflympics

**Handball** at the **2017 Summer Deaflympics** in Samsun took place at Çarşamba Sports Hall from 20 to 28 July 2017.

## Men's competition

### Group stage

#### Pool A

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Turkey | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 80 | 60 | 20 | 4 | Semifinals |
| 2 | Russia | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 77 | 55 | 22 | 4 | |
| 3 | Serbia | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 73 | 56 | 17 | 4 | Classification |
| 4 | Brazil | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 42 | 101 | (-59) | 0 | |

#### Pool B

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Croatia | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 51 | 35 | 16 | 4 | Semifinals |
| 2 | Germany | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 42 | 37 | 5 | 2 | |
| 3 | Denmark | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 31 | 52 | -21 | 0 | Classification |

### Knockout stage

### Classification

## Medal summary

*   Host nation (Turkey)

| Rank | NOC | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Turkey (TUR)* | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 2 | Russia (RUS) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 3 | Croatia (CRO) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (3 entries) | | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's team | Turkey (TUR)
Emre Özçelik,
Taşkın Kızılkaya,
Kemal Gündüz,
Cem Denli,
Ali Rıfat Şahin,
Ergin Yılmaz,
Ahmet Gozel,
Murat Acar,
Hamza Alkoyun,
Mustafa Ozbay,
Remzi Sönmez,
Mustafa Semiz,
Mahmut Volkan Kış,
İsmail Tuna,
Serkan Oral,
Murat Atak,
Samet Köklü,
Tugay Gündoğdu | Russia (RUS)
Alexey Dremkov,
Denis Panov,
Vladislav Skafar,
Aslan Digurov,
Roman Storozhev,
Maksim Ovcharenko,
Yury Valerievich Burykin,
Roman Maluev,
Vladimir Filatov,
Andrey Sizov,
Stanislav Sergeevich Surovskiy,
Mikhail Olegovich Nikulin,
Sergey Sergeevich Samoylyukov,
Valery Sinilkin,
Anton Kitaev,
Murat Chomaev | Croatia (CRO)
Marko Prosenski,
Antonio Rozic,
Ilija Perak,
Daniel Fodor,
Kristijan Zivkovic,
Oliver Lusic,
Tomislav Bosnjak,
Pero Jukic,
Jakov Kolaric,
Stjepan Sculac,
Bojan Crnojevic,
Ziga Bedenik,
Goran Skoko,
Ivan Pajic,
Mateo Perak,
Dean Sagovac,
Nemanja Damjanic,
Marjan Turkovic |

## InfoBox

| Handball at the 2017 Summer Deaflympics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Venue | Çarşamba Sports Hall |
| Location | Turkey, Samsun |
| Dates | 20–28 July |
|


title: Hannah Kihalani Springer

abstract: Hannah Kihalani Springer is a Hawaiian scholar, communicator, environmentalist, and storyteller. She is a former trustee of the Office of Hawaiian Affairs, and an advocate of the "Try Wait" initiative as a member of the Kaʻūpūlehu Marine Life Advisory Committee (KMLAC). Springer has advocated for the expansion of the Papahānaumokuākea National Monument, and is a council member of Kuaʻāina Ulu ʻAuamo and the president and board member of the Akaka Foundation for Tropical Forests.

text:
# Hannah Kihalani Springer

**Hannah Kihalani Springer** is a Hawaiian scholar, communicator, environmentalist, and storyteller. She is a former trustee of the Office of Hawaiian Affairs, and an advocate of the "Try Wait" initiative as a member of the Kaʻūpūlehu Marine Life Advisory Committee (KMLAC).

Springer has advocated for the expansion of the Papahānaumokuākea National Monument, and is a council member of Kuaʻāina Ulu ʻAuamo and the president and board member of the Akaka Foundation for Tropical Forests.

## Career

> I am shaped by my geography.

Hannah Kihalani Springer, Kukuiohiwai, *The Global Intercultural Communication Reader* (2013)

Springer is an educator on indigenous Hawaiian culture and advocate for the protection of the Hawaiian environment. She is an author of *Kōkua aku, kōkua mai: an indigenous consensus-driven and place-based approach to community led dry land restoration and stewardship*, which details the forced relocation of many Indigenous people of the Hawaiian land, coupled with the disruption of the natural ecology. Springer has worked with multiple outlets to publish stories of Hawaii, including through the Kona Historical Society, the University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo, the Hawaiʻi Tourism Authority's Kūkulu Ola—Living Hawaiian Culture Program, and joined multiple podcasts, including Ka Leo o ka Uluau.

> During our time, we have seen aliʻi (royalty) rise and fall. We have seen our island nation born and die before its time. We have seen political parties wax and wane. We have seen elected and appointed officials come and go. But we remain. We have been chiefs and fishermen, goat herders and cattle ranchers, gardeners and homemakers. We have lived under two flags and a series of constitutions. Personally, caring less about the flag flying over the land than the life on the land, we aspire to contentment and to share the joy and blessing of calling Hawaiʻi Nei home. We aloha kekahi i kekahi (love or have reciprocity with one another), and mālama (care for) the same. And we remain on the land and pray that this long be so.

Hannah Kihalani Springer, Lineal Descendant of Kaʻūpūlehu, "Indigenous stewardship through novel approaches to collaborative management in Hawaiʻi", *Ecology & Society* (March 2023)

In 1979, Springer began work at the Pu‘ukohola Heiau National Historic Site, and was an employee as well as a volunteer at the annual cultural festivals. In 1986, she presented a lecture at the site on political conflicts and warfare in Hawaii between 1778 and 1898, and was a planner for the County of Hawaii.

In November 1996, Springer was elected trustee to the Office of Hawaiian Affairs. In 2001, as president of the nonprofit ʻAhahui o Puʻu Waʻawaʻa, she advocated for the protection of endangered plants during a campaign to encourage the state Board of Land and Natural Resources to assume the lease of 21,000 acres at Puuwaawaa in a proposal that would allow Hawaiians and non-Hawaiians to act as stewards and create some limits on ranching and hunting.

As a member of the Kaʻūpūlehu Marine Life Advisory Committee (KMLAC), Springer was an advocate of the "Try Wait" initiative for fish restoration, which was a proposal to create an area without fishing to restore declining fish populations, with the title based on "a play on a colloquial term uttered when requesting patience." In 2016, a 10-year "rest area" was created by the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources through the establishment of the Kaʻūpūlehu Marine Reserve on the Kona coast of the Big Island.

On September 7, 2014, Springer authored an op-ed entitled “Expansion of Pacific marine sanctuary is consistent with Hawaiian practice”, which was a call to action to then-president Barack Obama to increase the size of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument, in order to replenish the natural resources of the Hawaiian Islands. The area was increased in size by Presidential Proclamation on September 25, 2014.

Springer is a council member of Kuaʻāina Ulu ʻAuamo, and president and board member of the Akaka Foundation for Tropical forests.

## Personal life

Springer is a Hawaiian elder, whose family has lived in the North Kona region of the Big Island of Hawai’i for generations. Her home, Kukuiʻohiwai, was historically part of Huʻehuʻe Ranch. She has said that her native Hawaiian lineage can be traced back for 93 generations. Her great-grandmother was Mary Kihalani Parker Maguire.

Her family participated in a local forest restoration project for the Ka‘ūpūlehu Dryland Forest in the 1990s that began to be formally managed by the Hawaiʻi Forest Institute in 1994. Springer is married to Michael Prosper Tomich, and has two children.

1. Yin, Jing; Asante, Molefi Kete; Miike, Yoshitaka, eds. (June 26, 2013). *The Global Intercultural Communication Reader*. Taylor & Francis. p. 136. ISBN 9781135048716. Retrieved 22 April 2023.
2. Chávez, Karma R.; Asen, Robert; Howard, Robert Glenn; McKinnon, Sara L., eds. (2016). *Text + Field: Innovations in Rhetorical Method*. Penn State University Press. ISBN 9780271078106. Retrieved 22 April 2023.
3. Kamelamela, Katie L.; Springer, Hannah Kihalani; Ku'ulei Keakealani, Roberta; Ching, Moana Ulu; Ticktin, Tamara; Ohara, Rebekah Dickens; Parsons, Elliott W.; Adkins, Edith D.; Francisco, Kainana S.; Giardina, Christian (2022-02-15). "Kōkua aku, Kōkua mai: An Indigenous Consensus-driven and Place-based Approach to Community Led Dryland Restoration and Stewardship". *Forest Ecology and Management*. **506**: 119949. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119949. ISSN 0378-1127. S2CID 245586221.
4. "Kona Historical Society". *Kona Historical Society*. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
5. "He Kōkua – Ka Leo o Ka Uluau". Retrieved 2023-05-09.
6. "Breadfruit Festival 2012 Mahalo". Retrieved May 8, 2023.
7. *Two Girls Roasting Breadfruit*, retrieved 2023-05-09
8. "Episode 16: Kihalani Springer, Moku of Kona – Ka Leo o Ka Uluau". Retrieved 2023-05-09.
9. Winter, Kawika B.; Vaughan, Mehana Blaich; Kurashima, Natalie; Wann, Lei; Cadiz, Emily; Kawelo, A. Hiʻilei; Cypher, Māhealani; Kaluhiwa, Leialoha; Springer, Hannah Kihalani (1 February 2023). "Indigenous stewardship through novel approaches to collaborative management in Hawaiʻi". *Ecology and Society*. **28** (1). doi:10.5751/ES-13662-280126. ISSN 1708-3087. S2CID 256967630. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
10. "Warfare night special: Island battles". *Hawaii Tribune-Herald*. June 13, 1986. Retrieved 2023-04-24  via Newspapers.com.
11. Apple, Russel A (March 16, 1986). "Island Paradox: It may be fun, but is it really a luau?". *Chicago Tribune*. ProQuest 290909894
12. Omandam, Pat (April 8, 1997). "Pair battle for OHA leadership: Apoliona challenges Hee, who has led the board since 1991". *Honolulu Star-Bulletin*. Circuit Judge James R. Aiona today swore in trustees Hannah Kihalani Springer of the Big Island and Machado \[...\] Apoliona, Machado and Springer defeated incumbents in last November's election. The trio ran under the Na Lei Lokahi platform, which emphasizes balance and harmony on the often-embattled board. \[...\] Springer and Machado have participated in OHA board meetings and discussions since last Nov. 5 while waiting for the Hawaii Supreme Court to rule on an election challenge ProQuest 412225659
13. Thompson, Rod (March 31, 2001). "Ranchers, hunters protest native plan for Puuwaawaa: A family wants to be stewards when the state lease comes up". *Honolulu Star-Bulletin*. Ahahui President Hannah Kihalani Springer, a former trustee of the Office of Hawaiian Affairs with generations of family ties to the area, spoke of the need of endangered plants of the dry land to take in water and thrive. ProQuest 412296992
14. "Mālama I Ke Kai Speaker Series: Ep. 7 - Try Wait with Hannah Kihalani Springer". *Maui Nui Makai Network*. YouTube. January 12, 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
15. "Kaʻūpūlehu Administrative Record" (PDF). November 21, 2014. Retrieved May 8, 2023.
16. "Case for Support of Central Pacific Monuments » Marine Conservation Institute". *Marine Conservation Institute*. Retrieved 2023-04-17.
17. "Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument". *NOAA*. 2022-05-27. Retrieved 2023-04-17.
18. "Board and Leadership". *KUA*. Retrieved 2023-04-17.
19. "Who We Are". *Akaka Foundation For Tropical Forests*. Retrieved 2023-04-17.
20. Rose, Deborah Bird; Chrulew, Matthew; van Dooren, Thom, eds. (2017). *Extinction Studies: Stories of Time, Death, and Generations*. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231544542. Retrieved 22 April 2023.
21. Sachs, Jessica Snyder (July 15, 2016). "Hawai'i at the Crossroads". *National Wildlife*. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
22. Maly, Kepa (December 5, 2000). "Appendix A: Oral History Interviews – Nä Küki'o Ma Ka 'Äina Kaha — A Collection of Traditional and Historical Accounts of Küki'o at Kekaha, North Kona" (PDF). *Report HiKu38-Appedix A*.
23. Anderson, Karen (May 29, 2011). "Daughter of Huʻehuʻe: At Home with Hannah Kihalani Springer". *West Hawaii Today*. Retrieved 2023-04-25  via Newspapers.com.
24. "Mea Kipa ~ Guests – Ka Leo o Ka Uluau". Retrieved 2023-04-17.


title: Road to Forever

abstract: Road to Forever is the second solo studio album by Don Felder, the first since 1983. It was released on October 8, 2012. Contributors to the album include Randy Jackson, Crosby, Stills and Nash, Steve Lukather, David Paich and Steve Porcaro of Toto, and Tommy Shaw of Styx. It was produced by Felder along with Robin DiMaggio. The album was conceived and written out of the pain Felder felt following the breakup of his marriage in 2000, and his dismissal from the Eagles soon after. On December 17, 2013, the album was reissued as "Road to Forever - Extended Edition" on digital platforms. It compiled all four bonus tracks from previous editions of the album and places them before album track "Give My Life". The single "You Don't Have Me" made it to #1 and stayed in the top ten for 11 weeks on the Classic Rock Radio charts and the previous single "Wash Away" reached #4.

text:
# Road to Forever

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***Road to Forever*** is the second solo studio album by Don Felder, the first since 1983. It was released on October 8, 2012.

Contributors to the album include Randy Jackson, Crosby, Stills and Nash, Steve Lukather, David Paich and Steve Porcaro of Toto, and Tommy Shaw of Styx. It was produced by Felder along with Robin DiMaggio.

The album was conceived and written out of the pain Felder felt following the breakup of his marriage in 2000, and his dismissal from the Eagles soon after.

On December 17, 2013, the album was reissued as "Road to Forever - Extended Edition" on digital platforms. It compiled all four bonus tracks from previous editions of the album and places them before album track "Give My Life". The single "You Don't Have Me" made it to #1 and stayed in the top ten for 11 weeks on the Classic Rock Radio charts and the previous single "Wash Away" reached #4.

## Track listing

1. "Fall from the Grace of Love" - 3:47
2. "Girls in Black" - 3:39
3. "Wash Away" - 4:18
4. I Believe in You" - 3:58
5. "You Don't Have Me" - 3:47
6. "Money" - 4:11
7. "Someday" - 4:13
8. "Heal Me" - 7:23
9. "Over You" - 4:09
10. "Road to Forever" - 4:59
11. "Life's Lullaby" - 4:21
12. "Give My Life" - 4:04

**Japanese bonus tracks**

1. "Southern Bound" - 3:57
2. "Can't Stop Now" - 4:25

**iTunes bonus track**

1. "Sensuality" - 3:47

**Amazon bonus track**

1. "She Runs Free" - 4:01

## Personnel

**Production**

* Don Felder – producer
* Robin DiMaggio – producer
* Ed Cherney – engineer, mixing
* Steven Miller – additional engineer
* Mikal Blue – recording engineer
* Mark Needham – recording engineer
* Will Briere – second engineer
* Brian Porizek – art direction, design
* Michael Helms – photography
* Myriam Santos – photography
* Charlie Brusco and Red Light Management – management

**Musicians**

## InfoBox

| Road to Forever | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Don Felder | |
| Released | 2012 |
| Recorded | 2012 |
| Genre | Rock |
| Label | Top Ten, Inc. |
| Producer | Don Felder, Robin DiMaggio |
| Don Felder chronology | |
| *Airborne*
(1983) ***Road to Forever***
(2012) *American Rock 'n' Roll*
(2019) | |


title: Tye River (Washington)

abstract: The Tye River is a river in the U.S. state of Washington. It rises near Stevens Pass in the Cascade Mountains and flows west, joining the Foss River to form the South Fork Skykomish River. Its waters eventually empty into Puget Sound near Everett via the Skykomish River and Snohomish River. U.S. Route 2 follows the river's entire length. A BNSF Railway line follows most of the river except near the pass where the tracks use the Cascade Tunnel. Powerlines run by the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) follow the Tye River west of Tunnel Creek. Most of the Tye River drainage basin is within Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. The Tye River is considered the continuation of the South Fork Skykomish River above the Foss River confluence. However, the true source of the South Fork Skykomish, in terms of streamflow is not the Tye River but the Rapid River, a tributary of the Beckler River, which in turn is a tributary of the South Fork Skykomish. The Tye River is named for W.H. Tye, a surveyor for the Great Northern Railway who laid out the rail grade to Stevens Pass.

text:
# Tye River (Washington)

The **Tye River** is a river in the U.S. state of Washington. It rises near Stevens Pass in the Cascade Mountains and flows west, joining the Foss River to form the South Fork Skykomish River. Its waters eventually empty into Puget Sound near Everett via the Skykomish River and Snohomish River. U.S. Route 2 follows the river's entire length. A BNSF Railway line follows most of the river except near the pass where the tracks use the Cascade Tunnel. Powerlines run by the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) follow the Tye River west of Tunnel Creek.

Most of the Tye River drainage basin is within Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest.

The Tye River is considered the continuation of the South Fork Skykomish River above the Foss River confluence. However, the true source of the South Fork Skykomish, in terms of streamflow is not the Tye River but the Rapid River, a tributary of the Beckler River, which in turn is a tributary of the South Fork Skykomish.

The Tye River is named for W.H. Tye (or William Francis Tye), a surveyor for the Great Northern Railway who laid out the rail grade to Stevens Pass.

## Course

The Tye River originates on the west side of the crest of the North Cascades on Cowboy Mountain at Stevens Pass. It flows west, then southwest, collecting numerous small tributary streams. At 9.2 mi (14.8 km) upstream from the Tye's mouth, near the Cascade Tunnel's western portal, Tunnel Creek joins the river. U.S. Route 2 makes a hairpin turn in the valley of Tunnel Creek. The Tye River then turns more directly west. It collects Surprise Creek and its tributary Scenic Creek near Scenic. Deception Creek joins near Deception Falls, 6.2 mi (10.0 km) above the mouth of the Tye. Scenic, Surprise, and Deception creeks all join from the south. Below Deception Creek the Tye River is joined by Martin Creek from the north. Then, 4.5 mi (7.2 km) upstream from its mouth, the Tye falls over Alpine Falls. Below the waterfall the Tye River is joined by Carroll Creek and Alpine Creek from the south. The BPA powerline crosses the Tye River 3.2 mi (5.1 km) above the river's mouth. A couple miles east of Skykomish the Foss River, flowing from the south, joins the Tye River, forming the South Fork Skykomish River.

## History

The Great Northern Railway built the train tracks today owned by BNSF. The railroad tracks originally followed the Tye River to Stevens Pass, which it crossed via a number of switchbacks. The first Cascade Tunnel was built at Wellington, just west of the pass. After the Wellington avalanche disaster of 1910 the Great Northern changed the town's name from Wellington, which had become associated with the disaster, to Tye, after the river. The town was abandoned after the second Cascade Tunnel was built in 1929.

## Natural history

The upper Tye River flows through a steep, narrow, and densely forested valley. Below Surprise Creek the Tye's valley alternately widens and narrows. There are dense mixed deciduous and conifer forests in the valley bottoms and thick conifer forests on the valley sides. Much of the lower elevation forests have been logged at least once. Old growth forests are founded mainly along the higher tributaries.

Above Deception Creek the Tye River has a steep gradient and a confined channel, resulting in a nearly continuous series of steep cascades and smalls waterfalls. Downstream, near its mouth, the Tye's gradient lessens and its channel widens. The valley becomes more broad and flat. The river becomes somewhat braided in this stretch, with numerous channel splits. There are many logs and other types of large woody debris in this part of the river, contributing to excellent salmon habitat. The final mile of the Tye has a steeper gradient with cascades alternating with deep pools.

Nearly all the Tye River's tributaries are high mountains streams with steep gradients. Some entering the Tye's valley from hanging valleys, plunging down high waterfalls.

The Tye River is used by chinook and coho salmon. Adults migrate upstream as far as Alpine Falls. Spawning occurs mostly in the mainstem river. Some coho spawn in the lower parts of a few tributary streams such as Alpine Creek. Juvenile salmon rear throughout the accessible waters of the river basin. No anadromous fish are found above Alpine Falls as it is a total barrier to fish migration. Sunset Falls on the South Fork Skykomish River, below the mouth of the Tye River, is also a total barrier to fish migration. All anadrmous fish above Sunset Falls, which includes the entire Tye River basin, are present only as a result of a trap and haul operation initiated in 1958 by the Washington Department of Fisheries. Between July and December fish are trapped below the falls, trucked above, and returned to the South Fork Skykomish.

About 125 mi (201 km) of roads have been built in the Tye River basin, resulting in a road density approaching and in places surpassing the threshold where damage to the watershed may occur through road effects on slope hydrology and mass wasting. The Martin Creek and Beckler Peak roads present the greatest hazard to streams. Winter sanding of U.S. Highway 2 is a chronic contributor of fine sediment to the Tye River. Each year 2,500- 7,000 cubic yards of sand are applied to the highway. It is not known how much enters the Tye River. If just 1% does the result is equivalent to a small landslide each year. Increased sediment is a concern because it damages salmon spawning habitat.

## Tributaries

Tributaries of the Tye River are listed below, from mouth to source. Tributaries of tributaries are marked by multiple bullet points. Many streams have no name and are labeled "Unnamed". This list is not exhaustive.

* Alpine Creek
* Carroll Creek
* Martin Creek
    + Unnamed
        - Jakes Lake
    + Kelly Creek
    + Unnamed
        - Embro Lake
* Deception Creek
    + Sawyer Creek
    + Fisher Creek
        - Unnamed
            * Ptarmigan Lake
        - Fisher Lake
* Unnamed
    + Deception Lakes
* Surprise Creek
    + Scenic Screek
    + Unnamed
        - Spark Plug Lake
    + Surprise Lake
        - Glacier Lake
* Tunnel Creek

## InfoBox

| Tye River | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of the mouth of the Tye River in Washington | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Washington |
| County | King |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | Cascade Range |
| location | Stevens Pass |
| coordinates | 47°44′28″N 121°5′12″W / 47.74111°N 121.08667°W / 47.74111; -121.08667 |
|  | |
| Mouth | South Fork Skykomish River |
| coordinates | 47°42′18″N 121°18′21″W / 47.70500°N 121.30583°W / 47.70500; -121.30583 |
| Length | 11 mi (18 km) |
| Basin size | 81 sq mi (210 km2) |
|  | |
| Discharge |  |
| location | near Skykomish |
| average | 305 cu ft/s (8.6 m3/s) |
| minimum | 50 cu ft/s (1.4 m3/s) |
| maximum | 1,500 cu ft/s (42 m3/s) |
|  | |


title: 1981 Asyut Islamist Uprising

abstract: The 1981 Asyut Uprising was a failed military operation conducted two days after the assassination of Anwar Sadat by militants of al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya. The attack on government targets in the city of Asyut, capital of the governorate of the same name, was the only of several operations which were intended to spark a popular uprising against the state. Although the attackers were able to inflict heavy casualties on security forces, they did not receive any significant popular support and were quickly crushed.

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# 1981 Asyut Islamist Uprising

The **1981 Asyut Uprising** was a failed military operation conducted two days after the assassination of Anwar Sadat by militants of al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya. The attack on government targets in the city of Asyut, capital of the governorate of the same name, was the only of several operations which were intended to spark a popular uprising against the state. Although the attackers were able to inflict heavy casualties on security forces, they did not receive any significant popular support and were quickly crushed.

## Background

By the 1970s Egypt's rapidly increasing youth population was also becoming rapidly educated and politically organised. During the early days of Sadat's rule, Islamic student groups like Gama'a al-Islamiyya were covertly promoted as a counterweight to nationalist and leftist student organisations which opposed Sadat's policies of normalization of relations with Israel and Infitah (economic liberalization). Sadat's economic policies generally failed to provide job opportunities for graduates while simultaneously slashing subsidies and other state policies which benefited the poor. Meanwhile, a small westernised middle class enjoyed the bulk of the growth during Sadat's rule. Both of these factors contributed to a rise in popularity of Islamist politics which Sadat now began to repress as having marginalised the secular opposition, the Islamists now turned on Sadat. These actors created the environment in which Sadat's assassination was plotted and executed.

Asyut University had historically been a stronghold of Islamist student politics and as early as the late 1970s, members were conducting weapons training in the hills around the city, the arms likely provided by Aboud El Zomor. During this time, the city was also the site of several violent clashes between Islamists and local Copts. The university meanwhile, was the site of frequent clashes on between militant Muslims and police. The reported leader of the attack, Assem Abdel Maged, was a former engineering student who was expelled from Asyut University in October 1980.

According to residents of the town, officials turned down a request to hold a demonstration in honor of Eid Al Adha, which may have served as a possible motivation for the attackers and explain the timing of the operation, which coincided with the start of Eid.

## Attack

In the early morning of the eighth, following Fajr prayer a number of militants variously reported as between 75 and "hundred or more" commandeered 10 automobiles throughout the city. The attackers were organised into groups of 15 and armed with Kalashnikov rifles, submachineguns and pistols. The four targets of the attack were two police stations, the main security office, and a police unit guarding a mosque, with heavy casualties inflicted in the initial assault. At the security office the attackers were able to seize the building and released and armed prisoners from the jail. Fortifications were established around the security HQ, which the militants rallied around.

The attackers were able to repel several attempts by security forces, reinforced by Military Police and Commandos from the Army. Faced with mounting casualties, Interior Minister Nabawi Ismail asked for assistance from Defense Minister Gen. Abdel Halim Abu Ghazala. Two military jets were sent to flyover the occupied security building in the midafternoon and succeeded in convincing the insurgents to abandon the security HQ and regroup in a nearby vacant building which was used by various religious groups for their meetings. This building appeared to have been selected as a fallback position beforehand as it was found to be stocked with arms and ammunition.

After suffering casualties the insurgents retreated to a third building where they held out until nightfall, retreating into the working class districts that ringed the city center, Pursued by security forces, the insurgents fought running gunbattles throughout the night, with the last sustained fighting coming to an end at 6 AM on the ninth, when three insurgent snipers were killed. Isolated shots were fired throughout the morning, but ended by noon. Although no further clashes were reported, security forces continued to conduct operations to flush out escaped attackers for at least two weeks after the battle.

## Aftermath

In the immediate aftermath of the attack, the interior ministry reported 20 policemen as having been killed. Interior Minister Ismail invited reporters to see that city was under control and Foreign Minister Gen. Osama al-Baz, termed the Asyut clash "not serious" at a press briefing on Thursday night. Deputy Prime Minister Fouad Mohieddine pledged that the government was prepared to take "severe measures" to prevent any repeats of similar incidents. By Monday, Mayo, the weekly paper of the ruling National Democratic Party published a more detailed account of the attack, including a significantly higher number of government casualties. 58 policemen were reported dead, while other sources cite a total of 68 dead, forces from the ministries of the interior and defence combined. In the weeks after the attack, dozens of men were arrested, initially accused of belonging to Takfir Wahigra, an older militant Islamist organisation that was initially blamed for the attack and Sadat's assassination.

The attack revealed the political and military limitations of the Egyptian Islamists who were unable to mount attacks against any targets of real strategic value, and the naiveite of their belief that the Egyptian masses would revolt against the secular government if given a revolutionary spark. The attackers reportedly had planned for the uprising to have been larger in scale, expanding out from Asyut, but this did not come to pass due to heavy casualties and the failure of the Islamist prediction that the people would join them.

## InfoBox

| 1981 Asyut Islamist Uprising | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of Islamist Insurgency in Egypt | |
| Date October 8-9 1981  Location Asyut, Egypt  Result  Egyptian Government victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| Egypt | al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Hosni Mubarak | Assem Abdel Maged |
| Strength | |
| Several Hundred | 75 - 100+ aided by several released prisoners |
| Casualties and losses | |
| * 54-68 killed * 90+ wounded | * 6 killed * 4 wounded * Several Captured |


title: Pegcetacoplan

abstract: Pegcetacoplan, sold under the brand name Empaveli, among others, is a medication used to treat paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and geographic atrophy of the retina. Pegcetacoplan is a complement inhibitor. The most common side effects include injection-site reactions, infections, diarrhea, abdominal pain, respiratory tract infection, viral infection, and fatigue. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is characterized by red blood cell destruction, anemia, blood clots, and impaired bone marrow function. Pegcetacoplan is the first treatment for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria that binds to and inhibits complement protein C3. Pegcetacoplan was approved for medical use in the United States in May 2021. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers it to be a first-in-class medication.

text:
# Pegcetacoplan

**Pegcetacoplan**, sold under the brand name **Empaveli**, among others, is a medication used to treat paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and geographic atrophy of the retina. Pegcetacoplan is a complement inhibitor.

The most common side effects include injection-site reactions, infections, diarrhea, abdominal pain, respiratory tract infection, viral infection, and fatigue.

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is characterized by red blood cell destruction, anemia (red blood cells unable to carry enough oxygen to tissues), blood clots, and impaired bone marrow function (not making enough blood cells).

Pegcetacoplan is the first treatment for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria that binds to and inhibits complement protein C3. Pegcetacoplan was approved for medical use in the United States in May 2021. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers it to be a first-in-class medication.

## Medical uses

Pegcetacoplan is indicated to treat adults with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. In February 2023, the indication was updated to include the treatment of people with geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration. The medication is given through a subcutaneous infusion for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and through intravitreal injection for age-related macular degeneration.

## Pharmacology

Pegcetacoplan acts as a complement inhibitor, specifically targeting complement protein C3, which plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). In individuals with PNH, there is a heightened and uninhibited complement activity, which may lead to intravascular (inside blood vessels) or extravascular (within the liver or spleen) hemolysis. By binding to and inhibiting C3, pegcetacoplan helps regulate complement activation, thereby reducing red blood cell destruction, anemia, blood clot formation, and improving bone marrow function. This targeted mechanism of action makes pegcetacoplan the first-in-class medication for the treatment of PNH, offering a promising therapeutic approach to address the underlying complement dysregulation in this condition.

## Pharmacokinetics

Pegcetacoplan exhibits proportional exposure with increasing doses and reaches peak concentration within 4.5–6 days after a single subcutaneous dose. Steady-state concentrations are achieved in about 4–6 weeks of treatment, with average serum trough concentrations ranging from 655-706 μg/mL. Pegcetacoplan is metabolized into smaller peptides and amino acids and has a median effective elimination half-life of approximately 8.0 days in patients with PNH.

## Adverse effects

Meningococcal (a type of bacteria) infections can occur in people taking pegcetacoplan. Pegcetacoplan may also predispose individuals to serious infections, especially infections caused by encapsulated bacteria. These infections include but are not limited to *Streptococcus pneumoniae*, *Neisseria meningitidis*, and *Haemophilus influenzae*. Common adverse effects associated with the medication include stomach pain, vomiting, diarrhea, cold sores, common-cold like symptoms, tiredness as well as any itching, redness, or sensitivity at the injection site. Pegcetacoplan may cause fetal harm. Pegcetacoplan may also interfere with silica reagents in laboratory coagulation panels.

## History

The therapeutic efficacy of subcutaneous pegcetacoplan in treating paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) has been established through several clinical trials. Initial phase I and II trials, such as PADDOCK, PALOMINO, and PHAROAH, evaluated pegcetacoplan in PNH patients who had not received a complement inhibitor or had previously received eculizumab. These trials demonstrated that 1–2 years of pegcetacoplan treatment effectively controlled hemolysis and improved quality of life in PNH patients.,

Building upon these findings, the efficacy of pegcetacoplan was further assessed in phase III trials. The PRINCE trial, a 26-week study, focused on complement inhibitor-naïve patients with PNH, while the PEGASUS trial, a 48-week multinational study, included complement inhibitor-treated patients with PNH. In these trials, subcutaneous pegcetacoplan was administered at a dosage of 1080 mg twice weekly, delivered as a 20-mL subcutaneous infusion. Patients had the option to self-administer the medication or have it administered by qualified research personnel.

## Society and culture

The FDA granted the application for pegcetacoplan orphan drug designation.

In October 2021, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization for the medicinal product Aspaveli, intended for the treatment of adults with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. The applicant for this medicinal product is Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB (publ). Pegcetacoplan was approved for the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria in the European Union in December 2021.

In June 2024, the CHMP recommended the refusal of a marketing authorization for Syfovre, a medicine intended for the treatment of geographic atrophy caused by age-related macular degeneration. The manufacturer requested a re-examination in July 2024.

This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Department of Health and Human Services

* Clinical trial number *NCT03500549* for "Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of APL-2 in Patients With Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)" at ClinicalTrials.gov
* Clinical trial number *NCT03525613* for "A Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Intravitreal APL-2 Therapy With Sham Injections in Patients With Geographic Atrophy (GA) Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration " at ClinicalTrials.gov
* Clinical trial number *NCT03525600* for "Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Intravitreal APL-2 Therapy With Sham Injections in Patients With Geographic Atrophy (GA) Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration " at ClinicalTrials.gov

## InfoBox

Pegcetacoplan
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Empaveli, Aspaveli, Syfovre |
| Other names | APL-2 |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a621045 |
| License data |  |
| Pregnancy
category |  |
| Routes of
administration | Subcutaneous, intravitreal |
| Drug class | Complement inhibitor |
| ATC code |  |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |  |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| DrugBank |  |
| UNII |  |
| KEGG |  |
| ChEMBL |  |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C1970H3848N50O947S4 |
| Molar mass | 43520.10 g·mol−1 |