title: ANZAC Rifle Range

abstract: The ANZAC Rifle Range is a rifle range located on the Malabar Headland, Malabar, in the City of Randwick local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It is headquarters to the New South Wales Rifle Association, and hosts the annual NSW Queen's Prize shooting competitions. The range is located on land owned by the Commonwealth of Australia.

text:
# ANZAC Rifle Range

The **ANZAC Rifle Range** is a rifle range located on the Malabar Headland, Malabar, in the City of Randwick local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It is headquarters to the New South Wales Rifle Association, and hosts the annual NSW Queen's Prize shooting competitions. The range is located on land owned by the Commonwealth of Australia.

## Chronology of the ANZAC Rifle Range

* 1855  Recreational shooting begins on the Malabar headland.
* 1855  The new village of Long Bay is notified in the Government Gazette.
* 1859  The Randwick Municipal Council area is created which includes the Malabar suburb and headland.
* 1860  A meeting is held on 5 October 1860 which results in an agreement to form the National Rifle Association of New South Wales (later renamed to the current New South Wales Rifle Association). The first president is appointed on 15 October 1860. Annual Prize Meetings are held on a rifle range at the Randwick Race Course from 1861 to 1866 and thereafter the Paddington Rifle Range.
* 1866  Land is offered for sale and lease on Malabar headland. Maps show planned subdivisions and roadways to service the new farming allotments.
* 1870s - 1880s  Long Bay Road (now known as ANZAC Road) is gazetted as a military road by the Government, grants were provided to construct and maintain it. Large amounts were spent on the road and it was possible to travel from Sydney to Botany. When the special subsidy was discontinued the road fell into disrepair and was covered by creeping sand dunes in the Matraville and Maroubra areas.
* 1876  Australia compete in the first "Palma Match" (originally called "The Great Centennial International Long Range Match") held at Creedmore USA.
* 1879  The first official Inter-Colonial "Queen’s Prize" meeting held by the NSW Rifle Association. Each state continues to host an annual Queen's Prize rifle shooting competition to this day.
* 1882  St Albans ship wreck at Malabar.
* 1883  Sydney High School Rifle Club formed.
* 1886  An order is issued to close the Paddington Rifle Range due to the danger to workmen constructing present day Centennial Park but shooting is allowed to continue on Saturday afternoons until May 1890.
* 1888  The National Rifle Association of Australia (NRAA) is formed.
* 1888  Twelve targets are reported to be in operation on the Malabar headland.
* 1888 The Australian Centennial Prize Meeting  is held at the Paddington Rifle Range with competitors from the British Empire.
* 1890  The caretakers cottage was built around 1890 on the Malabar headland.
* 1891  The Randwick Rifle Range is established near Maroubra Junction.
* 1898  Hereward ship wreck at Malabar.
* 1899  Tokapo ship wreck at Malabar.
* 1900  A tramline towards La Perouse began operation in September 1900. A month later the line was extended across paddocks to the rifle range.
* 1902  The NSW Government reserves the eastern half of the Malabar headland for public recreation.
* 1903  Seven trustees from Brand are appointed to manage the rifle range on the Malabar headland.
* 1905  The NSW Government reserves the remainder of the Malabar headland from sale or lease.
* 1907  The first official "Empire Match" is held, this is the premier international rifle shooting competition contested by Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain, Canada, India, South Africa, West Indies, Rhodesia, Jamaica, Channel islands, Kenya, Guernsey and Bermuda.
* 1910  Sydney High School Cadet Corps use the Malabar range for training.
* 1910  The NSW Government dedicates the Malabar headland for Military Purposes, officially acknowledging the existence of the rifle range.
* 1914-1918 World War I  The Randwick and Malabar rifle ranges are used to train Australian Infantry Forces for the First World War.
* 1914  The National Rifle Association of NSW provide 15 instructors to the military for duty at the Malabar rifle range.
* 1916  A sewerage outlet is established on the south side of the headland.
* 1916  The National Rifle Association records show that as of 31 December 6486 members of the NSW rifle clubs have enlisted for active service.
* 1917  The National Rifle Association send an additional 150 men to "the front" as reinforcements.
* 1917  A new rifle range is constructed at Liverpool (unofficially known as the ANZAC Rifle Range until 1922) with 110 targets.
* 1919  The rifle range on the Malabar headland is named the Long Bay Rifle Range.
* 1920s  Model aircraft are first recorded to be flown on the Malabar headland.
* 1920  Scots College rifle range reinstated after being pulled down in 1918 and .303 rifles received from Area Officer
* 1922  A formal "Dedication Ceremony" is held at the Liverpool rifle range naming it the "ANZAC Rifle Range" in memory of the 599 Fallen Riflemen of the 1914-1918 World War who were members of NSW rifle clubs.
* 1922  Scots College Rifle Club formed as part of Cadets. ‘It is our intention soon, to pick a school team, with the idea of competing with some of the other schools’ The Scotsman June 1922
* 1923  The Long Bay Rifle Range is used by the NSW Citizens Forces Rifle Association (now known as Military Rifle Clubs Association), the Sydney High School Rifle Club and the National Rifle Association of NSW.
* 1923  Scots College rifle range unavailable due to extension of playing fields, but a new site will be selected so Rifle Club can continue
* 1923  The closure of the Randwick Rifle Range and transfer of the rifle clubs to the ANZAC Rifle Range Liverpool.
* 1925  The Army give notice that the rifle clubs using Long Bay Rifle Range are to be transferred to the ANZAC Rifle Range Liverpool.
* 1925  More rifles are issued to Scot College Rifle Club by the Department and due to the efforts of Captain E.A. Walker. Scots enters the GPS Shooting competition
* 1926  Scots College use Long Bay Rifle Range used for practice. ‘B’ Grade Rifle team are GPS Premiers. R. Murchison becomes the first student to receive colours for Rifle Shooting. First time the Scots College Rifle Club is mentioned in the front of ‘The Scotsman’ with the other sports
* 1929  The control of the Malabar headland and Long Bay Rifle Range is transferred to the Commonwealth Government.
* 1929  Scots College start the Inter-House and Old Boys shooting competitions
* 1930s  Local residents use the Malabar headland as a venue for two-up and other gambling activities.
* 1931  The *Malabar* is shipwrecked near Boora Point on 2 April 1931.
* 1931  Sydney Boys High School win the Anderson Cup and the Buchanan GPS Shield. The team is placed 3rd in the GPS Premiership. Competing against Militia Officers 10 to 20 years his senior, Club Secretary Jim Sweet won the Champion of Champions event. Club Captain C. Ebsworth won the ANZAC Match.
* 1933  The village of Brand is renamed Malabar on 29 September to distinguish the local village from Long Bay Gaol.
* 1933  Sydney Boys High School Club Captain Arthur Roden Cutler (who later became Governor of New South Wales) wins the Club Championship.
* 1934  Sydney Boys High School Club Secretary J. E. Ryan won the Club Championship and Club Captain Roden Cutler won the GPS Cup.
* 1938 Australia's 150th Anniversary Celebrations  The "Empire Match" is held at the Liverpool Range from 5 to 12 February 1938

attended by 1,300 competitors including teams from Great Britain, New Zealand and South Africa. 337,150 rounds fired.

* 1938  Scots College Senior Shooting team equal 1st NRA Shield, 1st Rawson Cup and 2nd Buchanan Shield and the Great Public Schools (GPS)Premiers for the first time (equal with Shore)
* 1939, 27 November  The Hotchkiss guns were used for the first time at Long Bay rifle range and the result of the shoot was very satisfactory.
* 1939-1945 World War II  Military installations (circa 43 in number) are built on the Malabar headland, notably the Boora Point Battery in 1941. The Long Bay Rifle Range is used for training of the Armed Forces.
* 1939  Scots College win Rawson Cup, NRA Shield Great Public Schools (GPS) Premiers with Shore for the second time 1940. Rifle shooting had to be abandoned owing to lack of ammunition, Mr. Travers replaces Major Walker as MIC of shooting when the GPS competition is abandoned, Scots changed from Club shooting to military shooting
* 1941  Trials of the 9mm Owen Gun are conducted September to October 1941 at the Long Bay Rifle Range, Malabar. The Owen Gun is found to be more reliable than the American Thompson and the British Sten guns. The Owen Gun is issued to Australian Armed Forces towards the end of 1942 and continued in service during the Korean and Vietnam Wars.
* 1942-1946  Many thousands from the Australian rifle clubs enlist in the Australian Military Services. The figure is believed to be between 33000 and 38000.
* 1942  The British lose 303 rifles at Dunkirk. The Australian Rifle Clubs and Cadet Corps supply their 303 rifles for use by the British Troops.
* 1942  Sydney Boys High School former Club Captain A. R. Cutler is awarded the Victoria Cross for conspicuous gallantry during the Syrian campaign and for bravery during bitter fighting at Merdjayoun.
* 1946  Great Public Schools (GPS)Rifle Shooting contest held at Long Bay Rifle range for the first time since 1939
* 1947  Scots College win Rawson Cup and are placed third overall in Great Public Schools (GPS) competition
* 1951  The Cumberland County Plan zones the Malabar headland as 'special uses'.
* 1954  The Memorial Gates at the entrance to ANZAC Rifle Range Liverpool are constructed and dedicated on 10 October as a "Memorial to Fallen Riflemen" of the two World Wars and the Korea Campaign.
* 1960  The Boora Point Battery is decommissioned.
* 1960  142.5 hectares of the Randwick Rifle Range are sold to Randwick Council.
* 1962  The Army give notice that the ANZAC Rifle Range at Liverpool would close December 1967. Planning commenced to transfer the rifle clubs to Long Bay Rifle Range at Malabar.
* 1964  Scots College win Buchanan Shield and third overall in the Great Public Schools (GPS) competition
* 1967  Closure of the ANZAC Rifle Range, Liverpool after 47 years. The rifle clubs transfer to the Long Bay Rifle Range.
* 1968  Scots College are unable to field two teams of 8, so Scots do not enter the Great Public Schools (GPS) competition this year. Awarded Anderson Cup in Military Rifle Clubs Union Competition as top Schoolboy team
* 1968-1988  The Malabar headland and rifle range site is used for extensive landfill operations.
* 1968  Shooting championships at the Long Bay Rifle Range attract 353 entries.
* 1969  Scots College team 2nd overall in the Military Rifle Clubs Union competition winning the Anderson Cup, Lone Pine and Col. McVickers Cup. After a 10-year break the Inter-House Shooting contest was again held
* 1970  The Long Bay Rifle Range Malabar is renamed, quote "It has been decided, that the name "ANZAC" should be perpetuated and that its close association with rifle club shooting should be preserved, and it is proposed that, with effect from 25 April 1970, the Long Bay Rifle Range at Malabar be renamed ANZAC Rifle Range. M.F.Brogan, C.B., C.B.E. Major-General, General Officer Commanding, Eastern Command."
* 1971  Scots College win Rawson Cup and win Seconds Team Shield
* 1972  A lease agreement between the Australian Army and the NSW Rifle Association describe the terms of use and termination conditions for the ANZAC Rifle Range at Malabar.
* 1973  Scots College win NRA Shield for the first time since 1939
* 1975  The Sporting Shooters Association of Australia (SSAA) first use the ANZAC Rifle Range Malabar after reaching an agreement with the Army.
* 1978  The Memorial Gates commemorating those who served during the World Wars and the Korea Campaign are moved from Liverpool to the Malabar range.
* 1979  Scots College win Rawson Cup
* 1980  Scots College win Buchanan Shield and the Great Public Schools (GPS) Premiership
* 1981  Scots College win Rawson Cup, Buchanan Shield and Great Public Schools (GPS) Premiership
* 1982  Scots College win NRA Shield and come 2nd overall in the Great Public Schools (GPS) competition
* 1982  The Sydney Model Aero Club share use of the Malabar headland.
* 1983  Scots College win Rawson Cup, NRA Shield, Buchanan Shield and both 1st and 2nds in the Great Public Schools (GPS) Premiership for the first time
* 1984  Scots College win Rawson Cup
* 1986  The Commonwealth Government announced its intention to sell the Malabar headland after the Bicentenary Shooting Championships. Official military use ceases.
* 1986  The Energy Authority of New South Wales erects an experimental wind driven generator on the Malabar headland.
* 1987  Eighty hectares of the Malabar headland is placed in the register of the National Estate. The area is said to contain rare mallee scrub (Eucalyptus Obstans, formerly Obtusiflora).
* 1988 Australia's Bicentenary (1788-1988)  More than 900 competitors from the Commonwealth of Nations and the USA Palma Match team take part in the Bicentennial Shooting Championships held at ANZAC Rifle Range Malabar.
* 1988  Scots College win Buchanan Shield and are runners up in the Great Public Schools (GPS) competition
* 1988  Military training ceases on the Malabar headland on 8 May after 78 years. On this date the flag was lowered to the Last Post alongside the setting sun.
* 1988  The Government receive a number of tenders for the Malabar headland including a proposal from Club Med to build a three hundred room resort complex linked to an eighteen-hole golf course.
* 1989  Scots College win Rawson Cup
* 1990  A legal judgement declares that the Commonwealth had not validly terminated the NSW Rifle Association lease agreement. Another Notice of Termination was subsequently served and a new eviction date set for 25 August 1993.
* 1992  Commonwealth Games trials are held at the ANZAC Rifle Range Malabar.
* 1992  Sydney Water Board considers purchasing the range site to increase the size of the Malabar Sewage Treatment Plant.
* 1993  The Malabar Riding School is formed on the rifle range.
* 1994  The 150th Anniversary of the Sydney Rifle Club. A judgement handed down on 22 July by NSW Supreme Court confirmed the Commonwealth's right to close Anzac Rifle Range.
* 1998  The Commonwealth Government issued a joint media release on 21 September by the Minister for Finance and Administration and the Minister for Sport and Tourism. "the sporting shooters of NSW will be able to establish new headquarters at Holsworthy, under a grant of $9 million from the Commonwealth Government."
* 2000  The Friends of Malabar Headland (FoMH) conservation organisation is formed "to protect the natural and cultural heritage of Malabar headland".
* 2005  The Defence Department disallow re-location of the ANZAC Rifle Range to Holsworthy due to the military installations and civilian occupancy restrictions.
* 2007  The Australian Government agree to a long term lease for the NSW Rifle Association to remain at Anzac Rifle Range Malabar. Later the same year this decision was overturned by the Labor government following a general election.
* 2007  The Australian Government announced that it would transfer responsibility for the whole of the 177-hectare (440-acre) Malabar Headland to the NSW Government.
* 2008  Sydney Boys High School Rifle Club 125th Anniversary.
* 2009  Sydney Boys High School are Co-Premiers in the GPS competition, along with the Kings School
* 2010  The 150th Anniversary of the NSW Rifle Association 1860 to 2010.
* 2010  The Australian Government announced its intention to transfer sections of the headland (70 hectares (170 acres) excluding the central rifle range section) to the State of NSW for use as a national park after remediation work to make it safe for public use.
* 2011  The Deed of Transfer for Lot 102 (the western section) from the Commonwealth Government to the State of NSW is signed 27 February 2011.
* 2011  A Process Agreement is signed for Lot 202 (the eastern section) to describe the process and future transfer of this section from the Commonwealth Government to the State of NSW is signed 27 February 2011.
* 2011  The Commonwealth Government issues termination notices in April 2011 to the Drummoyne RSL Pistol Club, the Malabar Riding School, the Sporting Shooters of Australia and the Sydney Model Aero Club instructing them to vacate the headland by 31 October 2011. The lease agreements for the remaining users, the NSW Rifle Association and the NSW Smallbore and Air Rifle Association contain a relocation clause allowing continued use of the headland until a suitable alternative range site is provided by the Government.
* 2011  The Commonwealth Government issues termination notices on 21 October to the NSW Rifle Association and the NSW Smallbore and Air Rifle Association instructing them to vacate the headland by 31 January 2012. The NSW Rifle Association start legal proceedings to challenge the validity of the termination notice. The leases for the other users of the headland are terminated in November 2011.
* 2012  Sydney Boys High School are Co-Premiers in the GPS competition, along with The Armidale School
* 2012  The western section of the headland is transferred from the Commonwealth to the NSW Government on 2 March 2012. This 17.7-hectare (44-acre) area included the Smallbore Rifle Range and NSW Rifle Association buildings that were demolished in October 2012. The area contains remnants of the Eastern Suburbs Banksia Scrub, eucalypt woodlands and coastal heath land that now form part of a National Park.
* 2012  The Malabar Headland Protection Bill 2012 is introduced 2 May "to protect the environmental values and Aboriginal cultural heritage of the Malabar headland".
* 2012  The NSW Supreme Court judgement 20 July directs the Commonwealth Government to arrange an alternative range location before terminating the NSW Rifle Association lease. The eastern section of the headland (Lot 202) forms part of the rifle range safety area and its proposed transfer cannot proceed until the ANZAC Rifle Range is relocated.
* 2012  The Commonwealth Government demolish over $5 million worth of community infrastructure including the Malabar Riding School structures, Army Barrack Huts, Caretakers Cottage, Smallbore Rifle Range and the Sporting Shooters Association of Australia Bench Rest Rifle Range in October 2012.
* 2013  The Liberal-National Party Coalition promised within six months of winning the 2015 state election that the horse riders will be returned to the Range. The NSWRA is to remain until their reallocation to another suitable site or failing that, is to remain permanently.

## Past and present users of the ANZAC Rifle Range

The following organisations are current or past users of the ANZAC Rifle Range located on the headland site:

1. Alpine Hunting & Target Shooting Club Pty Ltd
2. Australian Protective Services
3. Aviation Industry Rifle Club Inc., former QANTAS Staff Shooting Club
4. Bankstown Chatswood Rifle Club, includes Bankstown RC 1915 and Chatswood RC 1915
5. Bexley Smallbore Rifle Club
6. Bradmill Rifle Club
7. Cabra-Vale Diggers Rifle Club
8. Concord Rifle Club
9. Cronulla Rifle Club
10. Daily Telegraph Rifle Club
11. Drummoyne RSL Pistol Club
12. Earlwood Bardwell Park Rifle Club
13. Endeavour Rifle Club, includes the Sydney Naval Rifle Establishment 1946 and Sutherland RC 1914
14. Friends of Malabar Headland (FoMH), formed 2000
15. Holsworthy Rifle Club, includes the former Sydney Volunteer Defence Corps (VDC) RC 1946, the Randwick RC 1901 and Wunderlich RC 1910
16. Hurstville Rifle Club
17. Malabar Riding School, formed 1993 South East Equestrian Club, lease terminated November 2011
18. Malabar Rifle Club
19. Malabar RSL Rifle Club
20. Maroubra RSL Rifle Club
21. Marrickville Rifle Club
22. Metropolitan District Rifle Association, formed c1898
23. Military Rifle Clubs Association Inc., formed 1923
24. Mosman Neutral Bay Rifle Club, formed 1915
25. NSW Police Rifle Club
26. NSW Rifle Association, formed 1860
27. NSW Smallbore and Air Rifle Association, lease terminated November 2011
28. NSW Sydney Air Rifle Association, lease terminated November 2011
29. Penshurst Rifle Club
30. Port Jackson Rifle Club, includes the former University of NSW RC and Cronulla RC
31. Prospect Rifle Club
32. Railway and Tramways Institute Rifle Club, includes the former Workshops RC, Loco RC and Traffic RC. This club is a lot older than 1910
33. Rockdale Rifle Club
34. Rose Bay Rifle Club
35. Royal Australian Engineers (C.M.F.) Rifle Club Inc.
36. Royal Australian Navy Rifle Reserve Club (RANRRC),
37. Scots College Rifle Club, formed 1922
38. Sporting Shooters Association of Australia, formed 1948, lease terminated November 2011
39. State Penitentiary Rifle Club
40. State Protection Group Rifle Club
41. Sydney City Smallbore Club, lease terminated November 2011
42. Sydney County Council Rifle Club
43. Sydney Grammar School,
44. Sydney High School Rifle Club, formed 1883, lease terminated November 2011
45. Sydney Model Aero Club, formed 1982, lease terminated November 2011
46. Sydney Naval Establishments Rifle Club
47. Sydney Pistol Club
48. Sydney Rifle Club, formed 1844
49. Sydney Services Rifle Club
50. Sydney University Rifle Club
51. United Services Institute Rifle Club Inc.
52. Woollahra Rifle Club, lease terminated November 2011
53. Yorkshire Society Rifle Club

### Sydney Model Aero Club

Miniature aircraft have been flown on the Malabar headland since the 1920s. The Sydney Model Aero Club operated on the ANZAC Rifle Range from 1982 until their lease was terminated by the federal government in November 2011.

### Former Malabar Riding School

The Malabar Riding School operated on the Malabar headland from 1993 until their lease was terminated by the federal government in November 2011. The riding school assisted local community groups, including seniors, at risk teens, local indigenous groups, people with disabilities, apprentice jockeys, Pony Club, TAFE and university students. They also participated in parades for the local RSL Clubs and other groups such as the Australian Light Horse Association and the Reserve Forces Day Parades attended by the NSW Governor and the Governor-General.

The rifle range caretaker's cottage was built around 1890. The heritage cottage, horse stables and army huts were demolished by the federal government in October 2012.

### Australian Light Horse and the Reserve Forces Day Parade

In the latter part of 1884 the venerable citizens of Sydney came together to form a cavalry unit. Initially they met in the Oxford Hotel located in Queen's Square. They then went on to train at Moore Park and the Malabar Headland. The Australian Light Horse have a historical attachment to the Malabar Headland which dates back over 100 years. The training for the Australian Light Horse involvement in the Reserve Forces Day Parade has been conducted at the headland for almost a decade. The Australian Light Horse Association provide Mounted Vice-Regal Escorts in Sydney for the Governor of NSW, Professor Marie Bashir AC and for Her Excellency Ms Quentin Bryce, AC the Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia.

### Great Public School Rifle Clubs

The Athletic Association of the Great Public Schools of New South Wales (AAGPS, also known as GPS or Great Public Schools) is an association of mostly private boys schools in New South Wales formed in 1892 currently comprising King's School, Sydney Grammar School, Newington College, Saint Ignatius' College, St Joseph's College, Sydney Boys High School, Sydney Church of England Grammar School (Shore), Scots College and Armidale School. Several GPS Rifle Clubs have used the Malabar rifle range since the 1920s competing for the Rawson Cup, the NRA Shield, the Buchanan Shield and the GPS Premiership. Sydney Boys High School started with cadet shooting in 1883, they were granted permission to shoot at Malabar in the 1920s. Sydney Grammar School was founded in 1854 and used the Malabar rifle range until 2011. Scots College Rifle Club was formed in 1922 and has a membership of 60-70 members. Scots College continue to use the ANZAC Rifle Range to this day.

### Full Bore Rifle Range

The Full Bore range is used for the long distance, 300 metre to 800 metre, target shooting disciplines using precision target rifles fitted with aperture (peep) or telescopic sights. The term Full Bore refers to the military calibres including; .303 British, 7.62×51mm NATO / .308 Winchester and 5.56×45mm NATO / .223 Remington as sanctioned by the NRAA rules although other calibres are also used. This range is used for national and international target rifle competitions, the most notable of which was the Australian Bicentenary Celebrations attended by approximately 900 competitors from Australia, Great Britain, Canada, New Zealand, Channel Islands, Scotland, USA, Wales and Kenya in 1988. Two matches were held, The Australia Match (formerly The Empire Match) on 14 April 1988 and the US Palma Match on 16 April 1988 with a prize of $100,000 and the Palma Trophy. The range also hosts the annual NSW Queen's prize competition. The Queen's Prize was originally sponsored by Queen Victoria in 1860, the competition has been held annually (with the exception of the war years) by "The Empire" countries and all states in Australia since 1878.

### Military Rifle Club Range

"The Military Rifle Clubs Association (previously known as the NSW Citizens Forces Rifle Association) are a group of rifle clubs who have been shooting Service Rifle competitions on the Malabar headland since 1923. The competitions are shot at 100, 200 and 300 metres in the standing, sitting, kneeling and prone positions. The firearms used were predominantly semi-automatic, such as the SLR, up to the ban by the federal government and bolt-action military rifles from WWI and WWII such as the Short Magazine Lee–Enfield (S.M.L.E.) No.1 and No. 5, The Rifle No. 4, various Mauser rifles and Springfields etc."

### Former SSAA Rifle Range

The Sporting Shooters Association of Australia operated on the Malabar headland from 1975 until their lease was terminated by the federal government in November 2011. The SSAA range was located on the southern end of the ANZAC Rifle Range. This area provided facilities for shotgun clay target shooting, metallic silhouette and bench rest rifle shooting. The bench rest stands were used for sighting in rifles and for precision bench rest target shooting at 100 metres. The bench rest range facilities were demolished by the federal labor government in October 2012.

### Former Smallbore Rifle Range

The Smallbore Range was used by clubs associated with the NSW Smallbore and Air Rifle Association until their lease was terminated by the federal government in November 2011. The term "smallbore" refers to the 5.56 / 0.22 and 4.5 / 0.177 calibres, with the latter being predominantly air rifle. This range was used by shooters competing in the 50-metre bench rest, prone and three-position (standing, kneeling, prone) rifle shooting disciplines. The Smallbore and Air Rifle Range facilities were demolished by the federal government in October 2012.

### Pistol range

The pistol range is used for ISPC pistol and rimfire metallic silhouette competitions.

### ANZAC Memorial Gates

The Long Bay Rifle Range at Malabar was renamed the "ANZAC Rifle Range" by the Army in 1970 to commemorate the Australian Rifle Club members who served during the two World Wars and the Korean Campaign. The National Rifle Association records show that as of 31 December 1916, 6486 members of the NSW Rifle Clubs had enlisted for active service during WWI. The total number of Australian Rifle Club members who enlisted for WWII is believed to be between 33,000 and 38,000. The "Memorial Gates" are dedicated to the "Fallen Riflemen" of these wars.

### ANZAC Range Memorial Plaques

### NSW Rifle Club Members Awarded the Victoria Cross

The Victoria Cross (VC) is the highest military decoration awarded for valour "in the face of the enemy".

**Private George Cartwright (VC)**
Near Peronne France
31 August 1918
4th Battalion Rifle Club

**Corporal Arthur Charles Hall (VC)**
Peronne France
1–2 September 1918
Coolabah Rifle Club

**Lieutenant Arthur Roden Cutler (VC)**
Merdjayoun-Damour, Lebanon
19 June – 6 July 1941
Manly Rifle Club

**Corporal John Hurst Edmondson (VC)**
Tobruk Libya
13 April 1941
Liverpool Cabravale Rifle Club

**Flight Lieutenant Rawdon Hume Middleton RAAF (VC)**
Italy 28–29 November 1942
Rocky Dam Rifle Club

**Captain Alfred Shout (VC)**
Lone Pine Gallipoli
9 August 1915
Australian Rifles Regiment

### NSW Rifle Club Members Awarded the George Cross

The George Cross (GC) is an award for civilians; it is the second highest award of the United Kingdom honours system, ranking immediately after the Victoria Cross.

**Benjamin Gower Hardy (GC)**
Cowra NSW
4–5 August 1944
Rifle Club Chatswood Rifle Club

#### Military history

*Details TBA*

### Clubs that no longer have access to the range

* Royal Australian Navy Rifle Reserve Club (RANRRC) - a multi-disciplinary club with a history dating back to some 70 years on the range.

## InfoBox

ANZAC Rifle Range
| Boora | |
| --- | --- |
| ANZAC Rifle Range in September 2006 | |
| ANZAC Rifle RangeLocation in greater metropolitan Sydney | |
| Former names | Long Bay Rifle Range |
| Location | Franklin Street, Malabar Headland, Malabar, City of Randwick, New South Wales, Australia |
| Coordinates | 33°57′40″S 151°15′28″E / 33.96111°S 151.25778°E / -33.96111; 151.25778 (Malabar Headland) |
| Owner | Commonwealth of Australia |
| Operator | New South Wales Rifle Association |
| Type | Rifle range |
| Opened | 1855 |


title: Playa Kalki

abstract: Playa Kalki is a beach on the Caribbean island of Curaçao, also known as Alice in Wonderland due to mushroom-shaped coral formations. The name Kalki is unrelated to the Avatar Kalki, but comes from the local Papiamentu word for the white coral rock and limestone, which is abundant on the beach and surrounding cliffs. Playa Kalki and its surroundings are known for their good scuba diving conditions. Several reefs on and around Playa Kalki offer good dive sites for beginners and professionals. There is a professional dive center located directly on the beach at Playa Kalki.

text:
# Playa Kalki

**Playa Kalki** is a beach on the Caribbean island of Curaçao, also known as **Alice in Wonderland** due to mushroom-shaped coral formations. The name *Kalki* is unrelated to the Avatar Kalki, but comes from the local Papiamentu word for the white coral rock and limestone, which is abundant on the beach and surrounding cliffs.

Playa Kalki and its surroundings are known for their good scuba diving conditions. Several reefs on and around Playa Kalki offer good dive sites for beginners and professionals. There is a professional dive center located directly on the beach at Playa Kalki.

1. Best Snorkeling in Curacao

## InfoBox

| Playa Kalki Alice in Wonderland | |
| --- | --- |
| Beach | |
|  | |
| Location in Curaçao | |
| Coordinates: 12°22′32″N 69°09′28″W / 12.37556°N 69.15778°W / 12.37556; -69.15778 | |
| Location | Westpunt, Curaçao |


title: Recombination detection program

abstract: The Recombination detection program (RDP) is a computer program used to analyse nucleotide sequence data and identify evidence of genetic recombination. Besides applying a large number of different recombination detection methods it also implements various phylogenetic tree construction methods and recombination hotspot tests. The latest version is RDP4.

text:
# Recombination detection program

The **Recombination detection program** (RDP) is a computer program used to analyse nucleotide sequence data and identify evidence of genetic recombination. Besides applying a large number of different recombination detection methods it also implements various phylogenetic tree construction methods and recombination hotspot tests. The latest version is RDP4.

## InfoBox

| Developer(s) | Darren Martin |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Stable release | RDP4 Beta 4.97 |
| Preview release | RDP5 Beta 5.3 |
|  | |
| Operating system | Windows |
| Size | 42.2 MB |
| Website | web.cbio.uct.ac.za/~darren/rdp.html |


title: William Wright (Scottish politician)

abstract: William Wright was a Scottish Labour Party politician. Born near Lincoln, Wright joined the Independent Labour Party, and began working for the party as a full-time organiser in South Wales in 1898. He later relocated to Scotland, where he became prominent in the co-operative movement. Wright was elected at the 1922 general election as member of parliament (MP) for the Rutherglen constituency in Lanarkshire, and held the seat until his death in 1931, aged 68. The resulting by-election was won by the Labour candidate David Hardie. In his spare time, Wright was a lay reader in the Anglican church, and wrote Agriculture and the Unemployed, and a book of poetry, Down Under.

text:
# William Wright (Scottish politician)

**William Wright** (1862 – 9 April 1931) was a Scottish Labour Party politician.

Born near Lincoln, Wright joined the Independent Labour Party, and began working for the party as a full-time organiser in South Wales in 1898. He later relocated to Scotland, where he became prominent in the co-operative movement.

Wright was elected at the 1922 general election as member of parliament (MP) for the Rutherglen constituency in Lanarkshire, and held the seat until his death in 1931, aged 68. The resulting by-election was won by the Labour candidate David Hardie.

In his spare time, Wright was a lay reader in the Anglican church, and wrote *Agriculture and the Unemployed*, and a book of poetry, *Down Under*.


title: Ready for the Weekend (album)

abstract: Ready for the Weekend is the second studio album by Scottish musician Calvin Harris, released on 14 August 2009 by Fly Eye and Columbia Records. The album debuted atop the UK Albums Chart and was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). It spawned the singles "I'm Not Alone", "Ready for the Weekend", "Flashback" and "You Used to Hold Me".

text:
# Ready for the Weekend (album)

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 65/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Daily Telegraph* |  |
| *Dotmusic* | 7/10 |
| *Evening Standard* |  |
| *The Guardian* |  |
| *The Independent* |  |
| *musicOMH* |  |
| *NME* | 7/10 |
| *Spin* |  |
| *Under the Radar* | 4/10 |

***Ready for the Weekend*** is the second studio album by Scottish musician Calvin Harris, released on 14 August 2009 by Fly Eye and Columbia Records. The album debuted atop the UK Albums Chart and was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). It spawned the singles "I'm Not Alone", "Ready for the Weekend", "Flashback" and "You Used to Hold Me".

## Background

Harris had been working on the album since the release of his debut album, *I Created Disco*, with the first tracks being recorded in 2008. In April 2008, Harris stated that the only existing copy of his then-upcoming album was lost when his laptop was misplaced during the baggage handling problems at the opening of London Heathrow Terminal 5. He later stated on the BBC's Glastonbury Festival 2008 coverage that he got his baggage back including the album within a few days. However, Harris ultimately admitted in April 2009 that this was a lie as the album was not in his luggage at all, and that he hoped that what he said would give him more time to finish recording the album.

"Yeah Yeah Yeah La La La" was used in a Coca-Cola advertisement in mid-2009.

## Singles

"I'm Not Alone" was released as the album's lead single on 6 April 2009. The song debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart, knocking off Lady Gaga's "Poker Face". It spent two weeks atop the chart, before dropping to number three in its third week. "Ready for the Weekend" was released as the album's second single on 9 August 2009. The song peaked at number three on the UK Singles Chart.

"Flashback" was released as the third single from the album on 2 November 2009. The track reached number 18 on the UK Singles Chart. The album's fourth and final single, "You Used to Hold Me", was released on 8 February 2010, peaking at number 27 on the UK chart. An extended version of Harris's 2008 chart-topping collaboration with Dizzee Rascal, "Dance wiv Me", is also included on the album.

## Critical reception

The Metacritic score for the album was 65/100. Several reviewers drew on Harris’ comment that he was intending to make a “stadium dance” album and noted the bigger scale and greater sense of a party crowd atmosphere in Ready for The Weekend compared to Harris’ previous album I Created Disco. James McMahon of NME for example referred to the “music-for-the-people philosophy embodied at the core of Harris’ anthem-heavy new record”.

Neil McCormick called the album “big, bold and colourful”, describing how the album’s songs “start out simple and organic” before evolving closer to electronic dance music over the course of the track. McCormick writes about how “The pop genius is in the way these develop and mutate, rather than settling into obvious, dumb grooves”.

## Commercial performance

*Ready for the Weekend* debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart, selling 36,308 copies in its first week. The album was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) on 16 October 2009, and by November 2014, it had sold 274,786 copies in the United Kingdom. The album was also successful in Ireland, where it peaked at number six on the Irish Albums Chart. In the United States, it reached number 12 on the Dance/Electronic Albums chart and number 22 on the Heatseekers Albums chart. *Ready for the Weekend* attained moderate success elsewhere, reaching number 39 in Australia, number 74 in Belgium (Wallonia) and number 139 in France.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Calvin Harris, except where noted

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "The Rain" |  | 4:36 |
| 2. | "Ready for the Weekend" |  | 3:37 |
| 3. | "Stars Come Out" |  | 4:28 |
| 4. | "You Used to Hold Me" |  | 3:51 |
| 5. | "Blue" |  | 3:41 |
| 6. | "I'm Not Alone" |  | 3:31 |
| 7. | "Flashback" |  | 3:49 |
| 8. | "Worst Day" (featuring Izza Kizza) | * Harris * Izza Kizza | 3:46 |
| 9. | "Relax" |  | 3:49 |
| 10. | "Limits" |  | 3:42 |
| 11. | "Burns Night" | * Harris * Mark Irving | 2:20 |
| 12. | "Yeah Yeah Yeah La La La" |  | 3:17 |
| 13. | "Dance wiv Me" (Dizzee Rascal featuring Calvin Harris and Chrome) |  | 4:24 |
| 14. | "5iliconeator" |  | 3:29 |

iTunes Store bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 15. | "Greatest Fear" | 6:20 |
| 16. | "I'm Not Alone" (deadmau5 Mix) (France and US only) | 8:15 |
| 17. | "Ready for the Weekend" (Fake Blood Remix) (France only) | 5:40 |

Japanese edition bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 15. | "Ready for the Weekend" (High Contrast Remix) | 5:42 |
| 16. | "Ready for the Weekend" (Fake Blood Remix) | 5:40 |
| 17. | "I'm Not Alone" (Tiësto Remix) | 6:41 |
| 18. | "I'm Not Alone" (☆Taku Takahashi Remix) | 5:50 |

## Personnel

Credits adapted from the liner notes of *Ready for the Weekend*.

* Calvin Harris – production, arrangement, vocals, instruments, design concept
* Snake Davis – saxophone (track 1)
* Mary Pearce – additional vocals (track 2)
* Ayah Marar – additional vocals (tracks 3, 7, 10)
* Izza Kizza – vocals (track 8)
* Mark Irving – guitar (track 11)
* Dizzee Rascal – vocals (track 13)
* Chrome – vocals (track 13)
* Brian "Big Bass" Gardner – mastering
* Matthew Shave – sleeve photography
* Spiros Politis – inside photography
* Steve Stacey – design

## Charts

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Australia (ARIA) | Gold | 35,000 |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Platinum | 274,786 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label | Ref(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Australia | 14 August 2009 |  | Sony |  |
| | | Ireland |  |  |
| | United Kingdom | 17 August 2009 | * CD * LP * digital download |  |
| | France | CD |  |  |
| United States | 18 August 2009 | Digital download | Ultra |  |
| Japan | 26 August 2009 | * CD * digital download | Sony |  |
| Germany | | 25 September 2009 | Ministry of Sound |  |
| France | 5 October 2009 | Digital download | * Cinq 7 * Wagram |  |
| United States | 6 October 2009 | CD | Ultra |  |
| France | 12 October 2009 | LP | * Cinq 7 * Wagram |  |

## InfoBox

| Ready for the Weekend | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Calvin Harris | |
| Released | 14 August 2009 (2009-08-14) |
| Recorded | 2008–2009 |
| Studio | Earth's Core (Glasgow) |
| Genre | Dance |
| Length | 52:20 |
| Label |  |
| Producer | Calvin Harris |
| Calvin Harris chronology | |
| *I Created Disco*
(2007) ***Ready for the Weekend***
(2009) *18 Months*
(2012) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Ready for the Weekend* | |
| 1. "I'm Not Alone"
Released: 6 April 2009 2. "Ready for the Weekend"
Released: 9 August 2009 3. "Flashback"
Released: 2 November 2009 4. "You Used to Hold Me"
Released: 8 February 2010 | |
|  | |


title: Michael Hixon

abstract: Michael Hixon is an American diver. He is a two-time Olympic medalist, having won the silver medal with Sam Dorman in the men's synchronized 3-meter springboard event at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro and the silver medal with Andrew Capobianco at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo in the same event.

text:
# Michael Hixon

**Michael Hixon** (born July 16, 1994) is an American diver. He is a two-time Olympic medalist, having won the silver medal with Sam Dorman in the men's synchronized 3-meter springboard event at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro and the silver medal with Andrew Capobianco at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo in the same event.

## Early life and education

Hixon was born on July 16, 1994, in Amherst, Massachusetts, to Mandy and David Hixon. He has an older brother, Matthew.

Hixon's parents have both coached in American collegiate sports. His father was the head coach for the men's basketball team at Amherst College. His mother, an All-American diver at Ohio State University, helped foster his interest in diving after he joined her at a diving practice while she was a diving coach at Amherst College. Soon after, she became his personal coach, and he began entering competitions two years later. Growing up, Hixon was also involved in basketball, football, and lacrosse, but after foregoing them in high school, he committed to diving full-time.

He graduated from Amherst Regional High School in 2013. In 2013, he enrolled at the University of Texas in Austin, but in July 2014, he was granted a release by the university, after which he transferred to Indiana University in Bloomington, citing desire for a program that would be a better fit.

Hixon enrolled at the University of Michigan's Ross School of Business in 2020 for his Master of Business Administration (MBA). To train for the 2020 Summer Olympics, he agreed to become a volunteer assistant coach for the Michigan Wolverines swimming and diving team in order to use the pool facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic.

## Diving career

### 2007–2010: Junior championships

Hixon began diving at the national level when he was 12 and won the 1-meter competition at the national championships three years running. Hixon is a six-time junior U.S. champion, and won two bronze medals, in the 1 meter and 3 meter events, at the 2009 Junior Pan-American Diving Championships in Calgary.

He subsequently paired with Kristian Ipsen to win a silver at the 2010 FINA World Junior Diving Championships in Tucson, Arizona, in the 3 meter synchronized springboard event, but only managed a tenth-place finish in the 3 meter solo event.

#### 2010 Summer Youth Olympics

Hixon won in the 3 meter springboard event at a national selection camp and qualified for Youth Olympic trials in Guadalajara, Mexico, where he won a bronze medal and thus secured a spot to represent the United States at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in the 3 meter springboard event.

The event in the first-ever Youth Olympics in Singapore consisted of a 15-man preliminary round and an eight-man final round. After the ten-dive preliminary round, Hixon carried over enough points into the final to begin the final round in third. Although he was sixth after his first dive in the final and fourth heading into his final dive, a poor dive by Italy's Giovanni Tocci allowed Hixon to claim bronze on his final dive, finishing with a score of 554.65 points behind Qiu Bo of China and Oleksandr Bondar of Ukraine.

### 2011

At the 2011 US National Championships, Hixon captured the senior men 1-meter springboard title at the UCLA's Spieker Aquatics Center in Los Angeles.

### 2013

Hixon won silver in the 3-meter synchro with Darian Schmidt at the 2013 AT&T National Diving Championships. Hixon qualified for his first senior international competition, the 2013 World Aquatics Championships in Barcelona, with Troy Dumais, and finished fifth in the men's 3-meter synchronized event.

### 2014

Hixon won the NCAA Division I men's swimming and diving championships titles on both the 1-meter and 3-meter springboard events in 2014.

### 2015

In the 2015 World Aquatics Championships in Kazan, Hixon won bronze in the men's 1-meter dive.

### 2016

Hixon won the 1-meter springboard at the 2016 USA Diving Winter National Championship.

#### Summer Olympics

Hixon qualified for and represented the United States in both the 3-meter synchronized and men's individual 3-meter springboard events at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio. He teamed up with Sam Dorman on the 3-metre synchro only after team changes in March 2016, but won the U.S. trials in their first competition together in June 2016.

In the men's synchronized 3-meter springboard event, Hixon along with his diving partner Sam Dorman placed second and won the silver medal with a score of 450.21, behind Jack Laugher and Chris Mears of Great Britain (454.32) and ahead of the Chinese pair Qin Kai and Cao Yuan (443.70).

In the men's individual 3-meter springboard event, he finished 10th, while his former 3-meter synchro partner Kristian Ipsen placed fifth in the same event.

### 2019

Hixon and new partner Andrew Capobianco attended the 2019 World Aquatics Championships and placed eighth after the final round of the men's synchronized 3-meter springboard event, totaling 388.08.

### 2021

Hixon understood that his score at the 2019 World Championships had not been high enough for him and Capobianco to automatically qualify for the Olympics, and he continued training in 2020 in preparation for trials, in spite of the narrowing chances that he would be able to attend the Olympics amid the COVID-19 pandemic when crucial meets had become postponed or cancelled. However, Hixon and Capobianco were unexpectedly chosen to represent the United States at the 2021 FINA Diving World Cup after fellow American pair David Boudia and Steele Johnson abruptly pulled out eight days prior to the start of the competition. For the men's synchronized 3-meter springboard event, Hixon and Capobianco scored a total of 414.18, which landed them in fourth place and ensured their spot at the Olympics.

#### Summer Olympics

In June 2021, Hixon and Capobianco placed first in the United States Olympics diving trials for the men's synchronized 3-meter springboard event with a score of 1289.37.

In the men's synchronized 3-meter springboard event, Hixon and Capobianco placed second and won the silver medal with a final score of 444.36, behind Wang Zongyuan and Xie Siyi of China (467.82), and ahead of Patrick Hausding and Lars Rüdiger of Germany (404.73). They stood in fifth place after performing their first two dives, and then placed second behind leaders Wang and Xie after the next two dives. Their fifth of the sixth dives were the best of the round, and their overall score of the six dives ultimately placed them second.

## Personal life

As of July 2021, Hixon has been in a relationship with Canadian swimmer Kennedy Goss.

## InfoBox

Michael Hixon
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1994-07-16) July 16, 1994
Amherst, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Height | 5 ft 8 in (173 cm) |
| Sport | |
| Country | United States |
| Event(s) | 3 meter springboard, 3 meter springboard synchro |
| College team | University of Texas at Austin
Indiana University Bloomington |
| Coached by | * Mandy Hixon * Drew Johansen |
| Medal record      Representing  United States  Men's diving  Olympic Games  2016 Rio de Janeiro 3 m synchro  2020 Tokyo 3 m synchro  World Championships  2015 Kazan 1 m springboard  Youth Olympic Games  2010 Singapore 3 m springboard  Pan American Games  2019 Lima 3 m synchro | |


title: North Binness Island

abstract: North Binness Island is an island in Langstone Harbour It is 900 metres (980 yd) long and up to 250 metres (270 yd) wide but only rises to 2.5 metres (8 ft) above Ordnance Datum The island was originally part of Binner's Island. The island has been uninhabited in recent times but there is evidence of historical occupation. A 100-metre (110 yd) long earthwork on the island has been suggested to date from the 18th century. There is also archaeological evidence that suggests the island was occupied during the Bronze Age and the Roman period. Finds from the Bronze Age include evidence of a salt works. The Island and has also produced finds dating back to the Mesolithic period prior to the formation of Langstone Harbour and the island. The island was formerly home to a pond which is now filled with mud. Plants on the island consist of salt-water grasses and a few trees. In 1978 the island along with the other islands in Langstone harbour was acquired by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds who turned it into a bird sanctuary. Since that time unauthorised landings have been forbidden.

text:
# North Binness Island

**North Binness Island** is an island in Langstone Harbour It is 900 metres (980 yd) long and up to 250 metres (270 yd) wide but only rises to 2.5 metres (8 ft) above Ordnance Datum The island was originally (along with a large part of Farlington Marshes) part of Binner's Island. The island has been uninhabited in recent times but there is evidence of historical occupation. A 100-metre (110 yd) long earthwork on the island has been suggested to date from the 18th century. There is also archaeological evidence that suggests the island was occupied during the Bronze Age and the Roman period. Finds from the Bronze Age include evidence of a salt works. The Island and has also produced finds dating back to the Mesolithic period prior to the formation of Langstone Harbour and the island.

The island was formerly home to a pond which is now filled with mud. Plants on the island consist of salt-water grasses and a few trees.

In 1978 the island along with the other islands in Langstone harbour was acquired by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds who turned it into a bird sanctuary. Since that time unauthorised landings have been forbidden.

50°50′14″N 1°01′05″W / 50.837246°N 1.01793°W / 50.837246; -1.01793


title: Orthophytum lanuginosum

abstract: Orthophytum lanuginosum is a plant species in the genus Orthophytum. This species is endemic to Brazil.

text:
# Orthophytum lanuginosum

***Orthophytum lanuginosum*** is a plant species in the genus *Orthophytum*. This species is endemic to Brazil.

* Martinelli, Gustavo; Vieira, Cláudia Magalhães; Gonzalez, Marcos; Leitman, Paula; Piratininga, Andréa; Costa, Andrea Ferreira da; Forzza, Rafaela Campostrini (January 2008). "Bromeliaceae da Mata Atlântica Brasileira: lista de espécies, distribuição e conservação" \[Bromeliaceae of the brazilian Atlantic Forest: checklist, distribution and conservation\]. *Rodriguésia* (in Brazilian Portuguese). **59** (1): 209–258. doi:10.1590/2175-7860200859114. JSTOR 23499386.

## InfoBox

| *Orthophytum lanuginosum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Bromeliaceae |
| Genus: | *Orthophytum* |
| Species: | ***O. lanuginosum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Orthophytum lanuginosum***<br>Leme & Paula | |
|


title: Graham Birkett

abstract: Graham Birkett is a former Scotland international rugby union player.

text:
# Graham Birkett

**Graham Birkett** is a former Scotland international rugby union player.

## Rugby Union career

### Amateur career

He played for Harlequins.

He then played for London Scottish.

### Provincial career

He played for Anglo-Scots.

He played for Middlesex in England.

### International career

He received one cap for Scotland in 1975. This was on Scotland's tour of New Zealand in 1975 and Birkett played against the All Blacks.

## InfoBox

Graham Birkett
| Birth name | Graham Anthony Birkett |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1954-10-02) 2 October 1954 |
| Place of birth | Dumbarton, Scotland |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Centre  Amateur team(s)  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  - Harlequins   ()  London Scottish   ()  Provincial / State sides  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1975- Anglo-Scots   ()  1976- Middlesex   ()  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1975 Scotland  1  (0) | |


title: Quarme Zaggy

abstract: Nana Kwame Ampah popularly known as Quarme Zaggy is a Ghanaian highlife musician and songwriter. He is best known for the hit song "Just the Two of Us" which features Okyeame Kwame.

text:
# Quarme Zaggy

**Nana Kwame Ampah** (born 14 February 1981) popularly known as **Quarme Zaggy** is a Ghanaian highlife musician and songwriter. He is best known for the hit song "Just the Two of Us" which features Okyeame Kwame.

## Early life, education and career

Kwame was born in Cape Coast; his parents are Joseph Kwame Ampah and Abena Densua. He is the eldest of eight.

He completed his studies at Assin Manso Senior High School in 2004 and pursued a course in Tourism at the Cape Coast Polytechnic, now Cape Coast Technical University, completing it in 2008.

Quarme Zaggy started his career in 2008 as a lead singer of a band in Dansoman called Mmenson. In 2009, he signed a recording deal with Paradigm Entertainment and released his hit single "Just the Two of Us" which features Okyeame Kwame. The song was nominated for the 4syte Music Video Awards in 2011.

On 4 March 2011, Quarme Zaggy outdoor his debut studio album titled *Nyankonton* which included the songs "Just the Two of Us" featuring Okyeame Kwame, "Wodo Yede" featuring Reggy Zippy of Reggie and Bollie fame, "Mene Woa" featuring Flowking Stone, "Dwanetoa" featuring Black Nayaka, "Shake Shake" featuring Ghetto KB and "I Want You" featuring Dave Mystro.

In 2013, he signed a two-year management deal with Flex Entertainment owned by Sammy Flex and within that period released the singles "Temi Mole" ft Mac Tee, "Seesaw" ft Voltage, "Mate D3" ft Shatta Rako, "Akroma De Ko" ft Flowking Stone and Bohye.

Quarme Zaggy launched his own record label, Lovaland Records, after parting ways with Flex Entertainment in 2015.

He has been nominated for several awards including Ghana Music Awards UK, Central Music Awards and Ghana Music Awards Europe.

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Ceremony | Award | Nominee / work | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2023 | Ghana Music Awards Europe | Best Highlife Song of the Year | Galamsey | Pending |  |
| | | Best Highlife Artiste of the Year | Himself | Pending | |
| 2022 | Central Music Awards | Best EP/Album of the Year | Mr Lova | Won |  |
| 2019 | Ghana Music Awards UK | Best Highlife Song of the Year | Totofiifii | Nominated |  |
| | Highlife Music Awards | Highlife Artiste of the Year | Himself | Won |  |
| 2017 | Central Music Awards | Best Male Vocalist of the Year | Bohye | Won |  |
| 2011 | 4Stye Music Video Awards | Best Highlife Video of the Year | Just The Two Of Us | Nominated |  |

## Discography

### Albums

### Singles

## InfoBox

| Quarme Zaggy | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Nana Kwame Ampah |
| Also known as | Mr Lova |
| Born | (1981-02-14) 14 February 1981<br>Cape Coast, Ghana |
| Genres |  |
| Occupations | * Musician * songwriter * performer * guitarist |
| Years active | 2009–present |
| Formerly of | Mmenson |


title: Plouaret-Trégor station

abstract: Plouaret-Trégor station is a railway station serving the town Plouaret, Côtes-d'Armor department, western France. It is situated on the Paris–Brest railway and the branch line to Lannion.

text:
# Plouaret-Trégor station

**Plouaret-Trégor station** (French: *Gare de Plouaret-Trégor*) is a railway station serving the town Plouaret, Côtes-d'Armor department, western France. It is situated on the Paris–Brest railway and the branch line to Lannion.

## Services

The station is served by high speed trains to Brest, Rennes and Paris, and regional trains to Brest, Lannion, Saint-Brieuc and Rennes.

48°36′22″N 3°28′01″W / 48.60611°N 3.46694°W / 48.60611; -3.46694

## InfoBox

| Plouaret-Trégor | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Place de la Gare
22420 Plouaret
Côtes-d'Armor
France |
| Elevation | 123 m |
| Owned by | SNCF |
| Operated by | SNCF |
| Line(s) | Paris–Brest railway
Plouaret–Lannion railway |
| Platforms | 2 |
| Tracks | 3 |
| Other information | |
| Station code | 87473181 |
| History | |
| Opened | 26 April 1865 |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| 2018 | 108 058 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station SNCF Following station  Lanniontowards   TGV inOuiLannion–Montparnasse  Guingamptowards   Morlaixtowards   TGV inOuiBrest–Montparnasse   Preceding station TER Bretagne Following station  Morlaixtowards Brest  1  Guingamptowards Rennes  LannionTerminus  21  Belle-Isle-Bégardtowards Saint-Brieuc  Plounérintowards Morlaix | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Recomeço

abstract: Recomeço is the debut studio album of Brazilian rapper Mr. Gângster, released in 2013, containing the singles "Recomeço" and "Rolé a Noite".

text:
# Recomeço

**Recomeço** is the debut studio album of Brazilian rapper Mr. Gângster, released in 2013, containing the singles "Recomeço" and "Rolé a Noite".

## Background

The recording of Recomeço began in 2012 and has the participation of singers Máximos, in the song *Rolé a Noite*, and Cesar Dreamer, in the song *Campeão (Remix)*. The album's first single was *Recomeço*, the most successful song of the album, which caused Mr. Gângster to be more widely recognized. The second single from the album, *Rolé a Noite*, included the participation of Máximos, produced in part from the CDC Records label.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Recomeço" | *Luíz Paulo Pereira* | ODI Records | 3:02 |
| 2. | "Papel & Caneta" | *Luíz Paulo Pereira* | ODI Records | 2:40 |
| 3. | "Gângster (G.A.N.G.S.T.E.R.)" | *Luíz Paulo Pereira* | ODI Records | 4:16 |
| 4. | "Campeão \[Remix\]" (feat. Cesar Dreamer) | *Alexsandro Caetano; Luíz P. Pereira* | Fluxo Doido Beats / ODI Records | 2:36 |
| 5. | "Acredito No Que Faço" | *Luíz Paulo Pereira* | ODI Records | 3:00 |
| 6. | "Só Olhar e Aprender" | *Luíz Paulo Pereira; Rafael R.* | ODI Records | 3:04 |
| 7. | "Rolé a Noite" (feat. Máximos) | *Malorn Ian; Luíz Paulo Pereira* | CDC Records / ODI Records | 3:10 |

## InfoBox

| Recomeço | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Mr. Gângster | |
| Released | 2013 |
| Recorded | 2013 |
| Label | ODI Records / CDC Records |
| Producer | Cesar Dreamer, NK, Mr. Gângster |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Recomeço* | |
| 1. "Recomeço"
Released: 2012 2. "Rolé a Noite"
Released: 2012 | |
|  | |


title: Michael Ho (politician)

abstract: Michael Ho Mun-ka, is a member of the Hong Kong Democratic Party and was the member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (1991–2000) for the Health Services (constituency).

text:
# Michael Ho (politician)

**Michael Ho Mun-ka**, (born 6 November 1955) is a member of the Hong Kong Democratic Party and was the member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (1991–2000) for the Health Services (constituency).

## InfoBox

| Michael Ho Mun-ka
何敏嘉 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Legislative Council | |
| **In office**
9 October 1991  30 June 2000 | |
| Preceded by | Chow Mei-tak |
| Succeeded by | Michael Mak |
| Constituency | Health Services |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1955-11-06) 6 November 1955
Hong Kong |
| Political party | United Democrats (1990-94)
Democratic Party (1994-) |
| Spouse | Vera Yim Chee-siew |
| Occupation | Registered Nurse |
|  | |


title: North Birmingham

abstract: North Birmingham is a community of Birmingham in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. Currently the North Birmingham community is further subdivided into six neighborhoods: Acipco-Finley, Collegeville, Fairmont, Harriman Park, Hooper City, and North Birmingham. The community consists of the area north of Downtown Birmingham between Village Creek on the south, the Louisville and Nashville Railroad to the east, Pratt to the west and the jurisdictional boundary to the north. Originally incorporated as the city of North Birmingham in 1902, it was annexed into the City of Birmingham in 1910.

text:
# North Birmingham

**North Birmingham** is a community of Birmingham in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. Currently the North Birmingham community is further subdivided into six neighborhoods: Acipco-Finley, Collegeville, Fairmont, Harriman Park, Hooper City, and North Birmingham. The community consists of the area north of Downtown Birmingham between Village Creek on the south, the Louisville and Nashville Railroad to the east, Pratt to the west and the jurisdictional boundary to the north. Originally incorporated as the city of North Birmingham in 1902, it was annexed into the City of Birmingham in 1910.

## InfoBox

| North Birmingham | |
| --- | --- |
| Birmingham Neighborhood | |
| Coordinates: 33°33′13.38″N 86°49′7.93″W / 33.5537167°N 86.8188694°W / 33.5537167; -86.8188694 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Alabama |
| City | Birmingham |
| Elevation | 581 ft (177 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP Codes | 35207 |
| Area codes | 205, 659 |


title: Estradiol valerate/prasterone enanthate

abstract: Estradiol valerate/prasterone enanthate (EV/DHEA-E), sold under the brand name Gynodian Depot among others, is an injectable combination medication of estradiol valerate (EV), an estrogen, and prasterone enanthate, an androgen, estrogen, and neurosteroid, which is used in menopausal hormone therapy for women. It is provided in the form of 1 mL ampoules containing 4 mg estradiol valerate and 200 mg prasterone enanthate in an oil solution and is administered by intramuscular injection once every 4 to 6 weeks. EV/DHEA-E reportedly has a duration of about 21 days. The medication is available in Europe, Latin America, and Egypt. EV/DHEA-E was developed and marketed by Schering, was first described in the literature in 1972, and was introduced for medical use in April 1975.

text:
# Estradiol valerate/prasterone enanthate

**Estradiol valerate/prasterone enanthate** (**EV/DHEA-E**), sold under the brand name **Gynodian Depot** among others, is an injectable combination medication of estradiol valerate (EV), an estrogen, and prasterone enanthate (DHEA-E), an androgen, estrogen, and neurosteroid, which is used in menopausal hormone therapy for women. It is provided in the form of 1 mL ampoules containing 4 mg estradiol valerate and 200 mg prasterone enanthate in an oil solution and is administered by intramuscular injection once every 4 to 6 weeks. EV/DHEA-E reportedly has a duration of about 21 days.

The medication is available in Europe, Latin America, and Egypt. EV/DHEA-E was developed and marketed by Schering, was first described in the literature in 1972, and was introduced for medical use in April 1975.

Androgen replacement therapy formulations and dosages used in women
| Route | Medication | Major brand names | Form | Dosage |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Oral | Testosterone undecanoate | Andriol, Jatenzo | Capsule | 40–80 mg 1x/1–2 days |
| | Methyltestosterone | Metandren, Estratest | Tablet | 0.5–10 mg/day |
| | Fluoxymesterone | Halotestin | Tablet | 1–2.5 mg 1x/1–2 days |
| | Normethandronea | Ginecoside | Tablet | 5 mg/day |
| | Tibolone | Livial | Tablet | 1.25–2.5 mg/day |
| | Prasterone (DHEA)b |  | Tablet | 10–100 mg/day |
| Sublingual | Methyltestosterone | Metandren | Tablet | 0.25 mg/day |
| Transdermal | Testosterone | Intrinsa | Patch | 150–300 μg/day |
| | | AndroGel | Gel, cream | 1–10 mg/day |
| Vaginal | Prasterone (DHEA) | Intrarosa | Insert | 6.5 mg/day |
| Injection | Testosterone propionatea | Testoviron | Oil solution | 25 mg 1x/1–2 weeks |
| | Testosterone enanthate | Delatestryl, Primodian Depot | Oil solution | 25–100 mg 1x/4–6 weeks |
| | Testosterone cypionate | Depo-Testosterone, Depo-Testadiol | Oil solution | 25–100 mg 1x/4–6 weeks |
| | Testosterone isobutyratea | Femandren M, Folivirin | Aqueous suspension | 25–50 mg 1x/4–6 weeks |
| | Mixed testosterone esters | Climacterona | Oil solution | 150 mg 1x/4–8 weeks |
| | Omnadren, Sustanon | Oil solution | 50–100 mg 1x/4–6 weeks |
| | Nandrolone decanoate | Deca-Durabolin | Oil solution | 25–50 mg 1x/6–12 weeks |
| | Prasterone enanthatea | Gynodian Depot | Oil solution | 200 mg 1x/4–6 weeks |
| Implant | Testosterone | Testopel | Pellet | 50–100 mg 1x/3–6 months |
| **Notes:** Premenopausal women produce about 230 ± 70 μg testosterone per day (6.4 ± 2.0 mg testosterone per 4 weeks), with a range of 130 to 330 μg per day (3.6–9.2 mg per 4 weeks). **Footnotes:** a = Mostly discontinued or unavailable. b = Over-the-counter. **Sources:** See template. | | | | |

## InfoBox

Estradiol valerate /
prasterone enanthate
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Estradiol valerate (top) and
prasterone enanthate (bottom) | |
| Combination of | |
| Estradiol valerate | Estrogen |
| Prasterone enanthate | Androgen; Estrogen; Neurosteroid |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Gynodian Depot, Binodian Depot, Cidodian Depot, Klimax, Supligol NF |
| Other names | EV/DHEA-E; EV/PE; SH-70833-D |
| Routes of
administration | Intramuscular injection |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| UNII |  |


title: Graham Blakeway

abstract: Graham Blakeway is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s and 1970s. He played at club level for Normanton, and Castleford.

text:
# Graham Blakeway

**Graham Blakeway** is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s and 1970s. He played at club level for Normanton, and Castleford.

## Playing career

### County Cup Final appearances

Graham Blakeway played loose forward in Castleford's 7-11 defeat by Hull Kingston Rovers in the 1971 Yorkshire Cup Final during the 1971–72 season at Belle Vue, Wakefield on Saturday 21 August 1971.

## InfoBox

Graham Blakeway
| Playing information | |
| --- | --- |
| Position | Loose forward |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1968–72 Castleford 23 2 5 0 16 | |


title: Quarnstedt

abstract: Quarnstedt is a municipality in the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

text:
# Quarnstedt

**Quarnstedt** is a municipality in the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

## InfoBox

| Quarnstedt | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Location of Quarnstedt within Steinburg district | |
| Quarnstedt Quarnstedt | |
| Coordinates: 53°57′N 9°47′E / 53.950°N 9.783°E / 53.950; 9.783 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Schleswig-Holstein |
| District | Steinburg |
| Municipal assoc. | Kellinghusen |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Adolf Humfeldt |
| Area | |
| Total | 10.59 km2 (4.09 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 4 m (13 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 452 |
| Density | 43/km2 (110/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 25563 |
| Dialling codes | 04822 |
| Vehicle registration | IZ |
| Website | www.kellinghusen.de |


title: Jacobi mine

abstract: The Jacobi mine was an early naval mine designed in 1853 by German born, Russian engineer Moritz von Jacobi. It was employed by Russia, in the Baltic Campaign of the Crimean War.

text:
# Jacobi mine

The **Jacobi mine** was an early naval mine designed in 1853 by German born, Russian engineer Moritz von Jacobi. It was employed by Russia, in the Baltic Campaign of the Crimean War.

## Mine

The German-born Russian engineer Moritz von Jacobi designed the Jacobi naval mine in 1853. An anchor tied the mine to the seabed; a cable connected it to a galvanic cell which powered it from the shore, the power of its explosive charge equated to 14 kilograms (31 lb) of black powder.

In the summer of 1853 the Committee for Mines of the Ministry of War of the Russian Empire approved the production of the Jacobi mine. What became the Crimean War formally started between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire in October 1853. France and Great Britain declared war on Russia in March 1854. In 1854 the Russians laid 60 Jacobi mines in the vicinity of the Forts Pavel and Alexander (Kronstadt), in order to deter the British Baltic Fleet and its allied French fleet from attacking them. (The Royal Navy arrived in the Baltic in April 1854; the French force in June 1854.) The Jacobi mines gradually phased out their direct competitors, the Nobel mines, on the insistence of admiral Fyodor Litke.

The Russians bought their Nobel mines from the Russia-based Swedish industrialist Immanuel Nobel, who had entered into collusion with Russian Minister of the Navy, Prince Alexander Sergeyevich Menshikov. Despite their high cost (100 Russian rubles), the Nobel mines proved fault-prone, exploding during the laying process, failing to explode, or detaching from their wires and drifting uncontrollably; the British subsequently disarmed at least 70 of them.

In 1855 Russia laid 301 more Jacobi mines around Kronstadt and Lisy Nos; British ships did not dare to approach them.

Citations   * Tarle, Yevgeny (1944). *Крымская война* \[*Crimean War*\] (in Russian). Vol. II. Moscow: Soviet Academy of Sciences.

## InfoBox

| Jacobi mine | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Mine |
| Place of origin | Russian Empire |
| Service history | |
| In service | Russian Navy |
| Used by | Russian Empire |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Moritz von Jacobi |
| Designed | 1853 |
| Manufacturer | 1853 |
| Specifications | |
| Warhead | Black Powder |
| Warhead weight | 14 kilograms (31 lb) |


abstract: The Pleasant Grove School at 65 South 100 East in Pleasant Grove, Utah was built in 1861. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It was designed by English-born Henry Greenhalgh with an arched ceiling that provided good acoustics, and was built by mason William H. Adams, Sr., and carpenter William Paul.

text:
# Pleasant Grove School (Pleasant Grove, Utah)

The **Pleasant Grove School** at 65 South 100 East in Pleasant Grove, Utah was built in 1861. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

It was designed by English-born Henry Greenhalgh with an arched ceiling that provided good acoustics, and was built by mason William H. Adams, Sr., and carpenter William Paul.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Pleasant Grove School | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 65 South 100 E., Pleasant Grove, Utah |
| Coordinates | 40°21′48″N 111°44′14″W / 40.36333°N 111.73722°W / 40.36333; -111.73722 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1861 |
| Architect | Greenhalgh, Henry |
| NRHP reference No. | 80003978 |
| Added to NRHP | February 20, 1980 |


title: Morning Funnies

abstract: Morning Funnies is a fruit-flavored breakfast cereal produced by Ralston Cereals in 1988 and 1989. The name of the cereal was based on the assortment of newspaper comic strips featured on the box. Innovative packaging allowed the back flap of the box to be opened revealing additional comic strips, different on each edition of the cereal box. Poor sales and negative consumer reaction led to the cereal being discontinued in 1989. Morning Funnies was just one of several Ralston cereals based on licensed characters introduced in 1988 and 1989. Others included Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Cereal, Breakfast With Barbie, the video-game themed Nintendo Cereal System, and a Batman cereal based on the 1989 film.

text:
# Morning Funnies

Morning Funnies
| Nutritional value per 1 cup (28 g) | |
| --- | --- |
| Energy | 110 kcal (460 kJ) |
|  | |
| **Carbohydrates** | 25 |
| Sugars | 14 |
| Dietary fiber | 0 |
|  | |
|  | |
| **Fat** | 1 |
| Saturated | 0 |
| Trans | 0 |
|  | |
|  | |
| **Protein** | 1 |
| Vitamins and minerals   **Vitamins** **Quantity** **%DV**  Vitamin A equiv. 0% 0 μg  Vitamin C 0% 0 mg   **Minerals** **Quantity** **%DV**  Calcium 0% 0 mg  Iron 139% 25 mg  Potassium 1% 23 mg  Sodium 3% 70 mg | |
|  | |
| **Other constituents** | **Quantity** |
| Cholesterol | 0 |
|  | |
| Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from the National Academies. | |

**Morning Funnies** is a fruit-flavored breakfast cereal produced by Ralston Cereals in 1988 and 1989. The name of the cereal was based on the assortment of newspaper comic strips featured on the box. Innovative packaging allowed the back flap of the box to be opened revealing additional comic strips, different on each edition of the cereal box. Poor sales and negative consumer reaction led to the cereal being discontinued in 1989.

Morning Funnies was just one of several Ralston cereals based on licensed characters introduced in 1988 and 1989. Others included Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Cereal, Breakfast With Barbie, the video-game themed Nintendo Cereal System, and a Batman cereal based on the 1989 film.

## Appearance

The cereal, made with four grains and heavily sweetened, was brightly colored and shaped like smiling faces but not any specific comic strip character.

The front cover of each 14-ounce box featured an assortment of popular newspaper comic strip characters in colorful squares arranged to resemble panels in "the funnies" (a shortening of "the funny papers", a colloquial term for the comics pages in newspapers). Each front cover also prominently displayed which of nine numbered "collector's edition" cereal boxes it was. The comic strips displayed were unique to each edition of the box.

The back of the box featured a pair of large Sunday comics-style comic strips and instructions on how to open the back flap to reveal more comics. The entire back of the box opened to reveal a "fifth panel" with six more color comics inside for a total of eight strips per box. This flap structure was described as "an original packaging concept" for breakfast cereal. In 1988, Ralston won an award for "innovative packaging" for the Morning Funnies fifth panel design.

Most of the comics characters and strips on Morning Funnies were reproduced under license from the King Features Syndicate. The comic strips in the rotation included *Dennis the Menace* by Hank Ketcham, *Beetle Bailey* by Mort Walker, *Hägar the Horrible* by Dik Browne, *Hi and Lois* by Walker and Browne, *The Family Circus* by Bil Keane, *Tiger* by Bud Blake, *Luann* by Greg Evans, *Marvin* by Tom Armstrong, *Funky Winkerbean* by Tom Batiuk, and *What a Guy!* by Bill Hoest and John Reiner.

Some editions of the box also included a subscription offer for *Young American*, described as "America's newspaper for kids".

## Reception

A consumer panel for the *Wilmington Morning Star* found Morning Funnies to be "overly sweet" with a "strong sweet smell" but noted the cereal's large size made it "a great snack eaten dry". The panel moderator opined, "if you prefer good taste to gimmicks, you might want to stay away from this technicolor treat."

A survey of children's breakfast cereals published in May 1991 by *Vegetarian Times* found Morning Funnies to be one of the "10 worst kids' cereals, based on sugar content" with its 14 grams per serving ranking only behind Kellogg's Honey Smacks on the list.

While the packaging for the cereal was innovative, the comics themselves did not all appeal to the very young children to whom the cereal was marketed. Also, with only nine box variations in the year or so the cereal was produced, frequent buyers of Morning Funnies would see the same comic strips over and over.

## InfoBox

| Morning Funnies | |
| --- | --- |
| A box of Morning Funnies (3rd edition) | |
| Fruit-flavored cereal | |
| Mascot: | Dennis the Menace and assorted comic strip characters |
| Introduced: | 1988/1989 |
| Availability: | Discontinued (1989) |


title: Raúl Fajardo Moreno

abstract: Raúl Fajardo Moreno was a Colombian architect. He designed the Coltejer Building, Medellín's tallest building with Hernando Vélez, Germán Samper and Jorge Manjarrés. Asked about which of his projects were his favorites he said, "There are many. City University U. of A., Coltejer building, Headquarters of Southamerican Insurance, and many others. But I would change every one if I was going to create them today."

text:
# Raúl Fajardo Moreno

**Raúl Fajardo Moreno** (December 3,1929 – July 31, 2012) was a Colombian architect. He designed the Coltejer Building, Medellín's tallest building with Hernando Vélez, Germán Samper and Jorge Manjarrés.

Asked about which of his projects were his favorites he said, "There are many. City University U. of A., Coltejer building, Headquarters of Southamerican Insurance, and many others. But I would change every one if I was going to create them today."

## Personal life

He married María Valderrama Tobón and had five children together. Their son Sergio Fajardo was the Mayor of Medellín and then later the Governor of Antioquia. Their other children were María Isabel, Andrés, Rodrigo and Silvia.

He died at the end of July, 2012.

## Works

## InfoBox

| Raúl Fajardo Moreno | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1929-12-03)December 3, 1929 |
| Died | July 31, 2012(2012-07-31) (aged 82) |
| Occupation | Architect |
| Children | 5, including Sergio Fajardo |
|  | |
| Buildings | Coltejer Building |
|  | |


title: Michael Thews

abstract: Michael Eckardt Thews is a German engineer and politician of the SPD who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag from the state of North Rhine-Westphalia since 2013.

text:
# Michael Thews

**Michael Eckardt Thews** (born 6 September 1964) is a German engineer and politician of the SPD who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag from the state of North Rhine-Westphalia since 2013.

## Early life and education

Born in Bremerhaven, Bremen, Thews studied at the Paderborn University.

## Political career

Thews first became a member of the Bundestag in the 2013 German federal election, representing the Hamm – Unna II district.

In parliament, Thews has been a member of the Committee on the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (since 2013) and the Budget Committee (since 2021). From 2018 to 2021, he served on the Parliamentary Advisory Board on Sustainable Development. In this capacity, he has been his parliamentary group's spokesperson on sustainable development (2018–2021) and its rapporteur on the circular economy (since 2021).

In addition to his committee assignments, Thews is part of the German-Israeli Parliamentary Friendship Group and the German-Canadian Parliamentary Friendship Group.

## Other activities

## InfoBox

| Michael Thews | |
| --- | --- |
| Michael Thews in 2019 | |
|  | |
| Member of the Bundestag | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
2013 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Michael Eckardt Thews
(1964-09-06) 6 September 1964
Bremerhaven, West Germany
(now Germany) |
| Political party | SPD |
| Alma mater | Paderborn University |
|  | |


title: North Burnaby

abstract: North Burnaby is a general name for a large neighbourhood in the City of Burnaby, British Columbia, that includes a number of smaller ones. It stretches from Boundary Road in the west to Burnaby Mountain with Simon Fraser University in the east and is bounded by Burrard Inlet to the north and the Lougheed Highway to the south. It is a desirable place to live for many local and immigrant families, which is reflected by real-estate prices that keep climbing and have doubled in the last 15 years.

text:
# North Burnaby

**North Burnaby** is a general name for a large neighbourhood in the City of Burnaby, British Columbia, that includes a number of smaller ones. It stretches from Boundary Road in the west to Burnaby Mountain with Simon Fraser University in the east and is bounded by Burrard Inlet to the north and the Lougheed Highway to the south. It is a desirable place to live for many local and immigrant families, which is reflected by real-estate prices that keep climbing and have doubled in the last 15 years.

## Transportation

A number of major arteries run through this neighbourhood, primarily the high-traffic Hastings Street connecting North Burnaby with Downtown Vancouver and Port Moody, Willingdon Avenue linking it to Kingsway and Metrotown, and Kensington Ave going south to Canada Way and New Westminster. The neighbourhood is served by several bus routes, including the R5 RapidBus, which runs along Hastings Street and provides connections to downtown Vancouver and Simon Fraser University. The West Coast Express commuter train runs through North Burnaby along Burrard Inlet, but does not have any stations in the neighbourhood.

## Shopping and amenities

The Heights commercial district between Boundary Road and Gamma Avenue is home to several Italian, Portuguese and Chinese restaurants, delis, bakeries and barbershops. Brentwood Town Centre is a popular shopping centre located near the intersection of Willingdon Ave and Lougheed Highway. The nearby Madison Centre at Lougheed Highway and Rosser Avenue also contains a number of shops and services, including Save-On-Foods and Winners stores. There are two Safeway stores along Hastings Street — a recently rebuilt store at Hastings and Willingdon and a smaller Kensington store further east.

## Parks and recreation

The historic Heights area north of Hastings still has a number of old homes representing the 1900s–1920s residential architecture. There are several parks in North Burnaby — for example, Confederation Park just west of Capitol Hill, Montrose Park on the shore of the Inlet a common venue for birdwatching, and Willingdon Heights Park off Douglas Road and Kensington Park with its ice skating arena and public golf facilities (pitch and putt). Just off Inlet Drive heading towards Port Moody, there is also a seashore park called Barnet Marine Park, with a beach that overlooks Belcarra Regional Park across the narrow passage.

49°16′N 122°59′W / 49.267°N 122.983°W / 49.267; -122.983


title: Osthopis

abstract: Osthopis is a monotypic moth genus of the family Erebidae. Its only species, Osthopis exocausta, is found in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. Both the genus and species were first described by George Hampson in 1926.

text:
# Osthopis

***Osthopis*** is a monotypic moth genus of the family Erebidae. Its only species, ***Osthopis exocausta***, is found in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. Both the genus and species were first described by George Hampson in 1926.

## InfoBox

| *Osthopis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Calpinae |
| Genus: | ***Osthopis***
Hampson, 1926 |
| Species: | ***O. exocausta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Osthopis exocausta***
Hampson, 1926 | |
|


title: Radio Tamworth

abstract: Radio Tamworth is a community radio station, broadcasting to Tamworth, Staffordshire. The station is based at Tamworth Youth Centre, and is run entirely by volunteers. The station can be heard on 106.8 FM in Tamworth, and online through its website.

text:
# Radio Tamworth

**Radio Tamworth** is a community radio station, broadcasting to Tamworth, Staffordshire. The station is based at Tamworth Youth Centre, and is run entirely by volunteers.

The station can be heard on 106.8 FM in Tamworth, and online through its website.

## History

TCR fm was set up in 2005 and first broadcast in the summer of that year on a 28-day Restricted Service Licence (RSL) on the frequency of 106.9 FM from Saturday 30 July until Friday 26 August. The group then went on to host another RSL in the summer of 2007.

After completing the RSL in 2007, the directors at the time, Daniel Hoult and Martin Summers, went on to apply for a 5-year Community Radio Licence which they were awarded by OFCOM in May 2008. TCR fm started broadcasting on this licence on 31 October 2009, with a start time of 5pm, on a new frequency of 106.8 FM.

In December 2010, Ofcom found TCR fm in breach of its licence commitment to produce 12 hours of live programming per day. The station struggled to fulfil the hours due to volunteer availability with live hours varying with an uneven spread. In April 2011, with the agreement of Ofcom, the station was granted a change to the licence commitment to reflect the nature of the service, and the availability of volunteers.

## Rebrand to Radio Tamworth

TCR fm announced on 19 October 2017 that it was going to close on Sunday 22 October, due to a lack of available funding and number of voluntary presenters. However, it was announced a couple of days later on October 23, 2017 that the station had avoided closure and "A brand new sound is coming to 106.8 FM with a fresh team bringing an exciting sound for community radio in Tamworth". Radio Tamworth launched on 1 December 2017.

## InfoBox

Radio Tamworth
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Tamworth |
| Frequency | 106.9 FM (2005–2009), <br>106.8 FM (2009–present) |
| Programming | |
| Format | Community Radio |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Tamworth Radio Broadcasting CIC |
| History | |
| First air date | 31 October 2009 |
| Links | |
| Website | www.radiotamworth.com |


title: Queensland B9½ class locomotive

abstract: The Queensland Railways B9½ class locomotive was a class of 0-6-2 steam locomotives operated by the Queensland Railways.

text:
# Queensland B9½ class locomotive

The **Queensland Railways B9½ class locomotive** was a class of 0-6-2 steam locomotives operated by the Queensland Railways.

## History

Between 1923 and 1927, John Fowler & Co, Leeds delivered three 0-6-2 locomotives to the Queensland Railways. Per Queensland Railway's classification system they were designated the B9½ class, B representing they had two driving axles, and 9½ the cylinder diameter in inches. They operated on 610 mm (2 ft) Innisfail Tramway, all being withdrawn in the early 1960s. One has been preserved at the Australian Narrow Gauge Railway Museum Society, Woodford.

## InfoBox

| Queensland Railways B9½ class | |
| --- | --- |
| Advertisement for the B9 1/2 Class | |
| Type and origin  Power type Steam  Builder John Fowler & Co  Build date 1924-27  Total produced 3 | |
| Specifications  Configuration:<br>   Whyte 0-6-2  Gauge 610 mm (2 ft)  Fuel type Coal  Cylinders 2 | |
| Career  Operators Queensland Railways  Numbers 9-11  Preserved 11  Disposition 1 preserved, 2 scrapped | |


title: ASAP TyY

abstract: Tyrone S. Walker, known by his stage name ASAP TyY, is an American rapper from the Harlem neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. He joined hip hop collective ASAP Mob in 2014, from which he adopted his "A$AP" moniker. He is known for his 2015 singles "O Well" and "Chamber Lock", as well as his 2016 single "Remain the Same". His debut mixtape, BEST KEPT SECRET (2016) contained 19 tracks and was released as a free download. Following the 2016 United States Presidential election debates, he released the single "Trump", a diss song aimed at the election's winner. In addition to music, Walker has also taken part in fashion, art, and street culture. An avid dirt bike fanatic, Walker popularized the Bike Life subculture of New York City. Utilizing his platform as both a recording artist and dirt bike rider, Walker released his first art exhibit in 2014, as well as two signature ski-goggles.

text:
# ASAP TyY

**Tyrone S. Walker** (born May 21, 1990), known by his stage name **ASAP TyY** (stylized as **A$AP TyY**), is an American rapper from the Harlem neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. He joined hip hop collective ASAP Mob in 2014, from which he adopted his "A$AP" moniker.

He is known for his 2015 singles "O Well" and "Chamber Lock" (featuring A$AP Yams), as well as his 2016 single "Remain the Same". His debut mixtape, *BEST KEPT SECRET* (2016) contained 19 tracks and was released as a free download. Following the 2016 United States Presidential election debates, he released the single "Trump", a diss song aimed at the election's winner.

In addition to music, Walker has also taken part in fashion, art, and street culture. An avid dirt bike fanatic, Walker popularized the Bike Life subculture of New York City. Utilizing his platform as both a recording artist and dirt bike rider, Walker released his first art exhibit in 2014, as well as two signature ski-goggles.

## Musical career

### 2012–2014: Beginnings & A$AP Mob

By early 2012, TyY had garnered recognition as a biker on the streets of Harlem. Utilizing his newfound platform, TyY would release his first track, a collaboration between himself and Young Money Yawn entitled "Comme Des Fawk Down", in early 2014.

### 2015–2016: *Best Kept Secret*

Though he had created a following for himself prior to becoming a rapper, it was not until 2015 when TyY's rapping career truly began. In early 2015, TyY released the track "Chamber Lock", which included an intro from his friend, deceased A$AP Mob founder, A$AP Yams. After "Chamber Lock", TyY went on to create his next single, "O Well" on June 2, 2015, before dropping "Remain the Same" in February 2016. All three tracks would appear on TyY's debut mixtape, "BEST KEPT SECRET", which dropped on April 13, 2016.

### 2016–2017: European tour

After the premiere of his debut mixtape, TyY would release three singles; "Bust It Open" on September 21, "Trump" on November 7, and the collaboration between himself & BewhY, "Like Me" on December 28. In early 2017, capitalizing on the success of his most recent projects, TyY would embark on his first headline tour; a 5-day, 3 country, tour taking place in Paris, Amsterdam, and London.

### *Cozy Tapes Vol. 2: Too Cozy*

On August 25, 2017, ASAP Mob released its second studio album, Cozy Tapes Vol. 2: Too Cozy. The album was released by ASAP Worldwide, Polo Grounds Music, and RCA Records.

TyY would be featured on the 8th track, titled "Get the Bag." The track also featured ASAP Rocky, ASAP Ferg, ASAP Ant, ASAP Nast, Playboi Carti and Smooky Margielaa.

### *Troubles of the World*

On April 19, 2018 TyY released his first mixtape/album, Troubles of The World. The songs featured OG Maco, Lamont Sincere, A$AP Ant and Macca Wiles.

## Non-music ventures

### Fashion

On December 16, 2016, TyY partnered with Brooklyn-based designer, KidSuper, to create a pair of dual-branded ski-goggles; with the ASAP Mob and KidSuper logos being featured on each side of the piece. The goggles were inspired by Bike Life's signature look of wearing them while riding his ATV through the streets of New York City.

In the summer of 2017, TyY would launch multiple collections with a variety of brands. Most notably, during Paris Fashion Week, TyY partnered with Milan-based designer, Guntas. The line was a marquee feature of Guntas' Spring 2018 collection.

### Bike Life

TyY is known for popularizing and leading the subculture of Bike Life, a Harlem counter-culture known for their love of ATV's, dirt bikes and riding them on the streets of New York. The NYPD has expressed disapproval, as the vehicles are not street legal. The group still continues to ride to this day.

## Discography

### Mixtapes

| Title | Album details |
| --- | --- |
| *Best Kept Secret* |  |
| *Troubles of the World* | * Released: April 19, 2018 * Label: Self-released * Formats: Digital download |
| *Project Rockstar* | * Released: March 1, 2019 * Label: Self-released * Formats: Digital download |

### Singles

| Title | Date Released | Album |
| --- | --- | --- |
| "Chamber Lock" feat. ASAP Yams | February 2, 2015 | *Best Kept Secret* |
| "OWell" | June 2, 2015 | *Best Kept Secret* |
| "Remain the Same" | February 2, 2016 | *Best Kept Secret* |
| "Bust It Open" | September 21, 2016 |  |
| "Trump" | November 7, 2016 |  |
| "Like Me" feat. BewhY & C Jamm | December 28, 2016 |  |
| "Hit the Top" | February 28, 2018 | *Troubles of the World* |

### Guest appearances

| Title | Release date | Album |
| --- | --- | --- |
| "Surrounded by Girls" – Lamont Sincere feat. A$AP TyY | May 23, 2017 |  |
| "Get the Bag" feat. ASAP Rocky, Smooky MarGielaa, Playboi Carti, ASAP Ferg, ASAP TyY, ASAP Nast & ASAP Ant | August 25, 2017 | *Cozy Tapes, Vol. 2: Too Cozy* |

### Music videos

| Track | Release date | Director |
| --- | --- | --- |
| "Chamber Lock" feat. ASAP Yams | February 26, 2015 | Elmino DaGreat |
| "Remain the Same" | May 5, 2015 | Hyper View Films |
| "OWell" | November 1, 2015 | Axiöm |
| "New York State of Mind" | August 10, 2016 | Antoine Duchamp |
| "Loose Change" | October 26, 2016 | A$AP TyY |
| "Tonite" | January 11, 2017 | Royal Rel |

## InfoBox

| A$AP TyY | |
| --- | --- |
| A$AP TyY in 2017 | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Tyrone S. Walker |
| Also known as | A$AP TyY |
| Born | (1990-05-21) May 21, 1990<br>Manhattan, New York City, U.S. |
| Genres | Hip hop |
| Occupations | * Rapper * songwriter * fashion designer * record producer |
| Member of | ASAP Mob |
|  | |
| Website | www.asaptyy.com |


title: Ploumanac'h Lighthouse

abstract: The Ploumanac'h Lighthouse is an active lighthouse in Côtes-d'Armor, France, located in Perros-Guirec. The lighthouse is closed to the public. The structure is composed of pink granite, and marks the entrance to the channel leading to the port of Ploumanac'h.

text:
# Ploumanac'h Lighthouse

The **Ploumanac'h Lighthouse** (officially the **Mean Ruz Lighthouse**) is an active lighthouse in Côtes-d'Armor, France, located in Perros-Guirec. The lighthouse is closed to the public.

The structure is composed of pink granite, and marks the entrance to the channel leading to the port of Ploumanac'h.

## History

The first Ploumanac'h Lighthouse dates from 1860. This was destroyed by German troops on August 4, 1944, and replaced by the current lighthouse in 1946. The present-day version was planned by architect Henry Auffret, and built by *Martin et frère* (a local construction company).

The lighthouse offers a direct view of Château de Costaérès, l'île Renote and Jentilez.

## Etymology

The lighthouse gets its common name from the nearby town of Ploumanac'h, meaning "monk's pool" in Breton. The official name of "Mean Ruz" comes from the Breton cacographic phrase *Maen Ruz*, meaning "red stone".

## InfoBox

Ploumanac'h lighthouse
| The lighthouse on the Côte de Granit Rose | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Perros-Guirec, Côtes-d'Armor, France |
| Coordinates | 48°50′15″N 3°29′00″W / 48.83750°N 3.48333°W / 48.83750; -3.48333 |
| Tower | |
| Constructed | 1860 (first) |
| Construction | red granite tower |
| Height | 49 feet (15 m) |
| Shape | tapered square tower with balcony and lantern |
| Markings | unpainted tower, red lantern |
| Heritage | listed in the general inventory of cultural heritage |
|  | |
| Light | |
| First lit | 1948 (current) |
| Focal height | 85 feet (26 m) |
| Range | 12 nmi (22 km; 14 mi) (white), 9 nmi (17 km; 10 mi) (red) |
| Characteristic | Occ. W R 4s |
|  | |