title: Polen Special

abstract: The Polen Special, is a homebuilt racing aircraft built to become the fastest four cylinder aircraft in the world.

text:
# Polen Special

The **Polen Special**, is a homebuilt racing aircraft built to become the fastest four cylinder aircraft in the world.

## Development

The Polen Special, (Also known as the Polen Special II) development started in October 1967 by Dennis Polen and Darryl Usher. The project to build a fast single seat racer larger than Formula One limitations began as a retractable gear Midget Mustang modification. After reviewing engine installation shortcomings, a clean sheet design was started. The Polen Special was then designed around a Piper Comanche engine and cowling, which also had design issues with engine canting and required cowling modifications for a single engine installation. A new clean sheet Lycoming IO-360 installation came afterward. Two sets of retractable landing gear were built and tested, but were sold to other homebuilders. Over time, the RayJay turbocharger was removed due to hunting and composite ailerons were installed. The aircraft was sold by Polen to Richard C. Keyt and has been modified several times to increase efficiency and safety. A composite rudder replaced the all-metal rudder that fluttered to destruction at 2500 engine RPM and a modern turbocharger was installed. Keyt and partner Jack Zimmanck formed the Polen Company to develop aircraft technologies with the Polen Special as a flying testbed. A design modification called the "Stage 3" is underway incorporate further improvements.

## Design

The Polen Special is a low-wing monoplane with retractable conventional landing gear. The retractable gear is hydraulically operated from a T-33 sequencing valve with electric powered gear doors. The fuselage and wings are all aluminum with flush riveting. The ailerons and elevators use push-pull tubes, with cable control for the rudders. The aircraft is specifically designed to fly at high altitude on IFR routes with the pilot using supplemental oxygen to achieve maximum speed with the turbocharged engine.

## Operational history

* 1976: The Polen Special was demonstrated publicly at the Experimental Aircraft Association airshow in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, winning the Reserve Grand Champion homebuilt award.
* 1998: The Paul H. Poberezny Classic Homebuilt Award was awarded to the Polen Special
* 2000: The Polen Special won the Copperstate Dash race, landing on one main gear after a malfunction. The elevator spars and spinner were cracked and an engine replacement was required afterward.
* 2001: The Polen Special set the FAI Class C-1.b (takeoff weight 500 to 1000 kg) speed record of 303.4 mph (488.3 km/h) for a 500 km (310 mi) circuit; the record still stands in 2022. (The *Flying* article says it flew 360 miles between Oshkosh and Monticello IA in 70 min 03 sec.) Pilot-owner Richard C. Keyt won the Blériot medal for the effort.
* 2002: Keyt won the 305 mile Copperstate Dash race at an average speed of 258.23 knots (478.24 km/h; 297.17 mph).

## Specifications (Polen Special II)

*Data from* Sport Aviation

**General characteristics**

* **Crew:** 1
* **Length:** 19 ft 6 in (5.94 m)
* **Wingspan:** 21 ft 5 in (6.53 m)
* **Height:** 4 ft 10 in (1.47 m)
* **Wing area:** 94 sq ft (8.7 m2)
* **Airfoil:** NACA 65212
* **Empty weight:** 1,035 lb (469 kg)
* **Gross weight:** 1,500 lb (680 kg)
* **Fuel capacity:** 50 U.S. gallons (190 L; 42 imp gal)
* **Powerplant:** 1 × Lycoming TSIO-360A1A Horizontally opposed four cylinder, 200 hp (150 kW)
* **Propellers:** 2-bladed

**Performance**

* **Maximum speed:** 300 kn (345 mph, 555 km/h)
* **Cruise speed:** 240 kn (280 mph, 450 km/h)
* **Stall speed:** 49 kn (56 mph, 90 km/h)
* **Service ceiling:** 20,000 ft (6,100 m)
* **Rate of climb:** 4,000 ft/min (20 m/s)
* **Wing loading:** 16 lb/sq ft (78 kg/m2)

**Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era**

## InfoBox

| Polen Special | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Role | Homebuilt aircraft |
| National origin | United States |
| Designer | Dennis Polen, Darryl Usher |
| First flight | May 1972 |


title: Victor Bivol

abstract: Victor Bivol is a Moldovan judoka. He finished in joint fifth place in the lightweight (73 kg) division at the 2004 Summer Olympics, having lost the bronze medal match to Leandro Guilheiro of Brazil.

text:
# Victor Bivol

**Victor Bivol** (born 15 July 1977) is a Moldovan judoka. He finished in joint fifth place in the lightweight (73 kg) division at the 2004 Summer Olympics, having lost the bronze medal match to Leandro Guilheiro of Brazil.

## Achievements

| Year | Tournament | Place | Weight class |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2007 | European Judo Championships | 5th | Lightweight (73 kg) |
| 2006 | European Judo Championships | 7th | Lightweight (73 kg) |
| 2004 | Olympic Games | 5th | Lightweight (73 kg) |
| 2003 | World Judo Championships | 5th | Lightweight (73 kg) |
| 2000 | European Judo Championships | 5th | Half lightweight (66 kg) |
| 1999 | European Judo Championships | 3rd | Half lightweight (66 kg) |
| 1999 | Universiade | 3rd | Half lightweight (66 kg) |
| 1997 | World Judo Championships | 3rd | Half lightweight (65 kg) |

## InfoBox

Victor Bivol
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1977-07-15) 15 July 1977<br>Costești, Moldavian SSR, Soviet Union |
| Occupation | Judoka |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Judo |
| Division(s) | light-weight (U73) |
| Medal record      Men's judo  Representing  Moldova  World Championships  1997 Paris  65 kg  European Championships  1999 Bratislava  66 kg | |
|  | |
| Profile at external databases | |
| IJF | 52914 |
| JudoInside.com | 3124 |
|  | |


title: ZOC (software)

abstract:
ZOC is a popular computer-based terminal emulator and Telnet software client for the Microsoft Windows and Apple Macintosh macOS operating systems that supports telnet, modem, SSH 1 and 2, ISDN, serial, TAPI, Rlogin and other means of communication. Its terminal emulator supports Xterm emulation with full colors, meta-keys and local printing, VT102, VT220 and several types of ANSI as well as Wyse, TVI, TN3270, and Sun's CDE. It supports full keyboard remapping, scripting in REXX and other languages, and support for named pipes. ZOC is commercial software developed by Markus Schmidt of EmTec Innovative Software in Germany, a firm which produces software for various aspects of communications via telephone, PC, ISDN and the like. Price as of 2024 is about US$80, with a free evaluation period of 30 days. ZOC can be downloaded for evaluation from EmTec or several shareware distribution sites.
EmTec produces another associated but independent telecommunications programme for use over TCP/IP, an FTP package including client and server, and PyroBatchFTP, a programmable FTP tool.

text:
# ZOC (software)

**ZOC** is a popular computer-based terminal emulator and Telnet software client for the Microsoft Windows and Apple Macintosh macOS operating systems that supports telnet, modem, SSH 1 and 2, ISDN, serial, TAPI, Rlogin and other means of communication. Its terminal emulator supports Xterm emulation with full colors, meta-keys and local printing, VT102, VT220 and several types of ANSI as well as Wyse, TVI, TN3270, and Sun's CDE. It supports full keyboard remapping, scripting in REXX and other languages, and support for named pipes.

ZOC is commercial software developed by Markus Schmidt of EmTec Innovative Software in Germany, a firm which produces software for various aspects of communications via telephone, PC, ISDN and the like. Price as of 2024 is about US$80, with a free evaluation period of 30 days. ZOC can be downloaded for evaluation from EmTec or several shareware distribution sites. EmTec produces another associated but independent telecommunications programme for use over TCP/IP, an FTP package including client and server, and PyroBatchFTP, a programmable FTP tool.

## History

ZOC was first released for OS/2 in October 1993 (v0.95) and for Windows in November 1996 (v3.02). In 1997 it was selected as runner-up in the OS/2 e-Zine! Readers' Choice Awards. ZOC released version 3.11 in January 1999. Support for OS/2 was discontinued with the release of version 5. Mac OS X has been supported from version 6.

## Features

The following list describes supported communication methods, emulated terminals and other features.

### Protocols

* Secure Shell (SSH V1/V2) based on OpenSSH 8.1 with public/private key authentication, port forwarding (tunneling) and Smart Card support.
* Telnet (RFC-Telnet, pure TCP sockets, SSL-Telnet)
* Modem and serial console via serial port and TAPI (Windows modem)
* File transfer protocols: ASCII, X-Modem, Y-Modem, Z-Modem, Kermit, SCP, and SFTP

### Terminals emulated

### Automation

* Scripting
    + REXX language for scripting (basic REXX with about 75 extensions to control the terminal emulator)
    + AppleScript support with access to all internal script commands on macOS
    + recorded login scripts, macro commands, automatic replies on incoming text
* DDE supported in Windows version, allowing ZOC to act as a communication server

### User interface

* Tabbed interface for multiple concurrent connections and overview display to show thumbnails of open sessions
* Keys for macros, remappable keyboard, user button bar

## InfoBox

ZOC
|
|  |
|
| Developer(s) | EmTec, Innovative Software |
| Initial release | October 12, 1993 (1993-10-12) |
|  | |
| Stable release | Windows 8.08.8  / 2 October 2024  macOS 8.08.8  / 2 October 2024  OS/2 4.15  / 25 August 2004 |
|  | |
| Operating system | Microsoft Windows, macOS |
| Type | Terminal emulator |
| License | Proprietary |
| Website | www.emtec.com/zoc/ |


title: Nevena Karanović

abstract: Dr Nevena Karanović is a Serbian cardiologist and politician. Dr. Karanović studied at the University of Niš, gaining a master's degree (1997) and a Ph.D. (2001) in cardiology. She was working as a cardiologist at the Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases of the Clinical Center Niš, from 1988 to 2004. She was one of the founders of the G17 Plus political party., and became a member of the Parliament of Serbia Serbian Government. after the elections in December 2003. Dr. Karanović was Assistant Minister in the Ministry of Health from March to October 2004 and has since been Deputy Minister/State Secretary in the same ministry. She has gained the professional experience in the health sector working as a Medical doctor at Clinical Centre Nis (1988-2004), Assistant to the Minister of Health (2004), State Secretary and Deputy Minister in the Ministry of Health (2004-2011) and Docent and Associate Professor in Health Care Management at Faculty for Business Studies. In the Ministry of Health she was working on health policy development through the programming, prioritizing, and implementing of projects funded by EU, World Bank, and national funds with an overall aim to align the Serbian health sector policies with the international best practices; liaison with the Sector for International Cooperation and EU integrations within the Ministry of Health in order to gather and integrate EU best practices in development of new health policies and coordinating South East Europe Health Network (SEEHN) projects. Dr Karanovic was the chief of the Serbian delegation on The First Ministerial Conference on Non-communicable Diseases and Healthy Lifestyles, Moscow, Russia (WHO) and the member of the Serbian delegation in official visits to Slovenia (2004), Hungary (2006), Cuba (2009), Albania (2010) and Japan (2010) Dr. Karanović has also worked as an assistant professor and the associated professor in the Megatrend University in Belgrade. During her professional career, she has published over 200 scientific and professional papers from the field of cardiology, health management, HR Management and CSR for health. In 2015, she gained a Ph.D. in the economy, in the field of health management. From January 2010, she gained the Research associate degree at the Institute for the Medical Research Belgrade. Dr. Karanović is one of the five The 11 January Award winners, the highest award of the City Government of Niš "as a member of the team which contributed in establishing the Cardiac Surgery in the Clinical Centre Niš ". She is working as a doctor at the Institut for the rehabilitation in Belgrade.

text:
# Nevena Karanović

Dr **Nevena Karanović** (Serbian Cyrillic: Невена Карановић) is a Serbian cardiologist and politician.

Dr. Karanović studied at the University of Niš, gaining a master's degree (1997) and a Ph.D. (2001) in cardiology. She was working as a cardiologist at the Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases of the Clinical Center Niš, from 1988 to 2004. She was one of the founders of the G17 Plus political party., and became a member of the Parliament of Serbia Serbian Government. after the elections in December 2003.

Dr. Karanović was Assistant Minister in the Ministry of Health from March to October 2004 and has since been Deputy Minister/State Secretary in the same ministry. She has gained the professional experience in the health sector working as a Medical doctor at Clinical Centre Nis (1988-2004), Assistant to the Minister of Health (2004), State Secretary and Deputy Minister in the Ministry of Health (2004-2011) and Docent and Associate Professor in Health Care Management at Faculty for Business Studies (2007 – 2015).

In the Ministry of Health she was working on health policy development through the programming, prioritizing, and implementing of projects funded by EU, World Bank, and national funds with an overall aim to align the Serbian health sector policies with the international best practices; liaison with the Sector for International Cooperation and EU integrations within the Ministry of Health in order to gather and integrate EU best practices in development of new health policies and coordinating South East Europe Health Network (SEEHN) projects. Dr Karanovic was the chief of the Serbian delegation on The First Ministerial Conference on Non-communicable Diseases and Healthy Lifestyles, Moscow, Russia (WHO) (Apr 2011) and the member of the Serbian delegation in official visits to Slovenia (2004), Hungary (2006), Cuba (2009), Albania (2010) and Japan (2010)

Dr. Karanović has also worked as an assistant professor (Nov 2007 to Sep 2011) and the associated professor (Sep 2011 to Jul 2015) in the Megatrend University in Belgrade. During her professional career, she has published over 200 scientific and professional papers from the field of cardiology, health management, HR Management and CSR for health. In 2015, she gained a Ph.D. in the economy, in the field of health management. From January 2010, she gained the Research associate degree at the Institute for the Medical Research Belgrade.

Dr. Karanović is one of the five The 11 January Award winners, the highest award of the City Government of Niš "as a member of the team which contributed in establishing the Cardiac Surgery in the Clinical Centre Niš " (11 Jan 2011). She is working as a doctor at the Institut for the rehabilitation in Belgrade.

1. Доц. др НЕВЕНА КАРАНОВИЋ, државни секретар у Министарству здравља Републике Србије Dr. Nevena Karanovic, State Secretary in the Ministry of Health of Serbia (Republic of Serbia, Ministry of Health website) (in Serbian)


title: Poland at the 2019 Winter Deaflympics

text:
# Poland at the 2019 Winter Deaflympics

Poland competed at the 2019 Winter Deaflympics held between 12 and 21 December 2019 in Province of Sondrio in Northern Italy. The country won one silver medal and one bronze medal, both in chess. The country finished in 12th place in the medal table.

## Medalists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Silver | Mateusz Łapaj | Chess | Men Blitz | 13 December |
| Bronze | Monika Kobylińska
Joanna Strześniewska
Izabela Towarnicka
Malwina Szewczyk
Ewa Wardziak
Bożena Krzyszkowiak | Chess | Women Team | 20 December |

## Chess

Mateusz Łapaj won the silver medal in the men's blitz tournament.

The women's team won the bronze medal in the women's tournament.

## InfoBox

| Poland at the
2019 Winter Deaflympics | |
| --- | --- |
| Flag of Poland | |
| IPC code | POL |
| in Province of Sondrio, Italy
12 December 2019 (2019-12-12) – 21 December 2019 (2019-12-21) | |
| Medals
Ranked 12th | Gold 0 Silver 1 Bronze 1 Total 2 |
| Winter Deaflympics appearances | |
|  | |


title: Otto Strandman

abstract: Otto August Strandman was an Estonian politician, who served as Prime Minister (1919) and State Elder of Estonia (1929–1931). Strandman was one of the leaders of the centre-left Estonian Labour Party, that saw its biggest support after the 1919 and 1920 elections. Strandman was a key figure in composing the radical land reform law and the 1920 Constitution. He also served as Minister of Agriculture (1918–1919), Minister of Justice, Minister of Finance (1924), Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of War (1919). During his tenure Minister of Finance, having been a critic of the previous government's policies,he pursued an anti-inflationary policy, seeing it as a method of avoiding hyperinflation and crisis. He was aiming at a 'Danish' model of a modern agricultural economy rather than indsutrialization, Strandman served as the speaker of the Estonian Provincial Assembly in 1917–1918, and as speaker of the newly independent country's parliament (Riigikogu) in 1921. He was also a diplomat, serving as the Estonian envoy in Warsaw, Poland (1927–1929), and in Paris, France (1933–1939). After the Soviet Union invaded and occupied Estonia and the other Baltic states in June 1940, Strandman committed suicide in February 1941, after being called to appear at the local headquarters of the NKVD.

text:
# Otto Strandman

**Otto August Strandman** (Estonian pronunciation: \[ˈoto ˈɑugust ˈstrɑnd.man\]; 30 November \[O.S. 18 November\] 1875 – 5 February 1941) was an Estonian politician, who served as Prime Minister (1919) and State Elder of Estonia (1929–1931).

Strandman was one of the leaders of the centre-left Estonian Labour Party, that saw its biggest support after the 1919 and 1920 elections. Strandman was a key figure in composing the radical land reform law and the 1920 Constitution. He also served as Minister of Agriculture (1918–1919), Minister of Justice (acting 1918; 1920–1921), Minister of Finance (1924), Minister of Foreign Affairs (1918, 1920–1921 and 1924) and Minister of War (1919). During his tenure Minister of Finance, having been a critic of the previous government's policies,he pursued an anti-inflationary policy, seeing it as a method of avoiding hyperinflation and crisis. He was aiming at a 'Danish' model of a modern agricultural economy rather than indsutrialization, Strandman served as the speaker of the Estonian Provincial Assembly in 1917–1918, and as speaker of the newly independent country's parliament (*Riigikogu*) in 1921. He was also a diplomat, serving as the Estonian envoy in Warsaw, Poland (1927–1929), and in Paris, France (1933–1939).

After the Soviet Union invaded and occupied Estonia and the other Baltic states in June 1940, Strandman committed suicide in February 1941, after being called to appear at the local headquarters of the NKVD.

## Early life

Strandman was born in the village of Vandu, Undla Parish (now Kadrina Parish). His father, Hans Strandman, was a schoolteacher, and Otto was his third child.

Strandman was first educated by his father, until he began his studies at the municipal school of Rakvere in 1886, and later at Emperor Alexander State High School in Tallinn and the 5th and the 7th High School in Saint Petersburg. He graduated as an extern in 1896 after his exams in the Estonian Governorate High School of Tallinn.

After graduation, Strandman served as an official at the Tallinn Office of the State Bank of the Russian Empire until he went on to study law at the University of Tartu in 1899. In 1901 he continued his studies at the Saint Petersburg Imperial University, graduating in 1903.

## Career

### Early career

After graduating, Strandman worked as a lawyer in Narva and Tallinn. He became known for his eloquence and was elected to be a member of Tallinn city council from 1904 to 1905. As a lawyer, he defended Estonians against Baltic Germans and state officials.

Strandman was also active in Estonian national organizations and became an activist on self-government reform, where he supported national autonomy in the Baltic governorates. Strandman was among the politicians who were supposed to compose the draft of self-government reform, but in the course of the 1905 Revolution, Strandman, like many other Estonian activists, was forced to flee abroad. At the time of the revolution, he supported radical socialist political positions, but later in his life moved towards the centre-left.

During his exile years, Strandman lived in Switzerland and other European countries. In Switzerland, Strandman and other Estonian exiles eventually did form the draft of self-government reform, but it was never implemented. Strandman returned to the Russian Empire in 1906, but he was banned from living in the Baltic governorates for three years, forcing him to live in Narva and Saint Petersburg. He returned to Estonia in 1909 and worked as an attorney, defending participants of the 1905 Revolution. He was also a keen supporter of free speech in the media. In 1917, he became a prosecutor at Tallinn District Court.

In March 1917, Strandman and some other known politicians, who were known supporters of autonomy, were chosen to compose the draft of self-government reform, that eventually created the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia. Strandman was again elected to the Tallinn City Council and, in the summer of 1917, to the Estonian Provincial Assembly, where he was part of the leftist Estonian Radical Socialist Party, led by Jüri Vilms. He served as the Chairman of the assembly between 25 October 1917 and 27 November 1918, although with periods of non-activity in between, due to the October Revolution and German occupation. After the October Revolution, Strandman led the Provincial Assembly session of 28 November \[O.S. 15 November\] 1917, where the assembly declared itself the highest legitimate power in Estonia. After his work as the speaker of the parliament, Strandman was acknowledged for his neutrality and punctuality.

### Leader of the centre-left

After Jüri Vilms was mysteriously executed in Finland in 1918, Otto Strandman took over as acting Minister of Court. He also became one of the leaders of the Estonian Radical Socialist Party, which in 1919 would merge with the Social Travaillist Party to form the centre-left Estonian Labour Party. Strandman was however arrested by Germans in the summer of 1918.

After the German occupation ended in November 1918, Strandman continued in the Provisional Government, first as Minister of Foreign Affairs and then as Minister of Agriculture, when he also served as a deputy for Minister of Foreign Affairs Jaan Poska. As Minister of Agriculture, Strandman became the key person in composing and implementing a new land reform law. Being one of the leaders of the Labour Party, he fought hard to make the land reform as radical as possible. In result, land that had belonged to Baltic German nobility was redistributed to ethnic Estonians.

His diplomatic career started in December 1918, when he was part of the delegation to Sweden as Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, asking for support in the Estonian War of Independence. Eventually Sweden sent a group of volunteers to the war. To pay for his trip to Stockholm, Strandman was forced to sell his own furniture.

In the Constituent Assembly elections of 1919, the Estonian Labour Party won 30 of the 120 seats with a majority held by centre-left parties. This gave the Labour Party a chance to shape Estonian politics on a larger scale. Otto Strandman became the first Prime Minister of the country on 8 May 1919, and additionally Minister of War.

Strandman's first cabinet was a centre-left coalition with the Estonian People's Party and the Estonian Social Democratic Workers' Party. The Estonian People's Party left the coalition in September, and Strandman's cabinet resigned on 18 November 1919, being in office for half a year. The Estonian Labour Party's Ants Piip then headed a one-party minority government between 26 October 1920 and 25 January 1921, where Otto Strandman served as both Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Justice. As Minister of Foreign Affairs, he established diplomatic relations between Estonia and Soviet Russia, making Estonia one of the first countries to do so.

The 1920 elections made the Estonian Labour Party the biggest party in Estonia with 22 of the 100 seats in Riigikogu, the first constitutional parliament, but the centre-right parties had also gained strength. The Estonian Labour Party remained in the coalition, headed by State Elder Konstantin Päts of Farmers' Assemblies. Strandman went on to serve as the first speaker of the Riigikogu between 4 January and 18 November 1921.

Juhan Kukk headed another Estonian Labour Party cabinet in 1922–1923, but without Strandman. In the following cabinet of Christian Democrat Friedrich Karl Akel, he returned as Minister of Foreign Affairs between 26 and 14 March May 1924 and then Minister of Finance until 16 December 1924.

### Economic policies

Strandman figured several times in financial affairs. On 7 and 19 December 1923, he accused long-term inflationist Minister of Finance Georg Vestel in the parliament for incorrect spending of the state treasury. It was Strandman's criticism that eventually led to the fall of Konstantin Päts's cabinet and caused him to stay away from power from 1924 to 1931.

After the Estonian War of Independence, a large number of new businesses were started in a short time period and the industry was developed on loans, something which eventually led to financial difficulties. As Minister of Finance, Strandman proposed a plan for economic redevelopment that was supposed to reduce loans, lower the state budget and achieve a trade surplus by raising customs duties. At first, his actions saw little effect and he was criticised from both left- and right-wing parties, but eventually the Estonian mark stabilized, integrating the Estonian economy more with Europe. He also supported building the economy on agriculture rather than transit between Russia and Europe, regarding Denmark as a model agricultural country. In the media, his policies were mockingly called UMP (***U**us **m**ajandus**p**oliitika* – "New Economic Policy" (*nep*)) and KUMP (***K**õige **u**uem **m**ajandus**p**oliitika* – "Newest Economic Policy") after the economic policy in the Soviet Union at the time. In May 1924, Strandman didn't blame his predecessor Georg Vestel for deliberately creating hyperinflation, only for sheer optimism about his policies.

For almost five years, Strandman didn't hold any important offices. He remained active in parliamentary politics and became known for his eloquence. As leader of the centre-left, his work continued to have a great effect on the economy, since he achieved for same kind of policies as he had implemented during his term as Minister of Finance. Economic historian Jaak Valge has argued that it was thanks to Strandman's rapid and decisive work that Estonia was able to avoid hyperinflation in the early 1920s. It was Strandman who made the suggestion to name the new Estonian currency the "kroon", after the currencies of the Scandinavian countries.

### Late political career

As the Estonian Labour Party slowly turned from leftist to centrist, its popularity fell, leaving its highlights to the 1919 Constituent Assembly and 1920 Riigikogu elections. The party achieved only 12 of the 100 seats in 1923 elections, 13 in 1926 and 10 in 1929, until it finally merged with other centrist parties to form the National Centre Party in 1932.

During a governmental crisis in July 1926, the speaker of the Riigikogu Karl August Einbund gave Strandman the task to form a cabinet. His economic programme still consisted of lowering the budget and reducing loans, something which was unacceptable to the right-wing Settlers' Party and Farmers' Assemblies.

From 1927 to 1929, Strandman served as Estonian envoy to Poland, with additional accreditation to Czechoslovakia and Romania, residing in Warsaw. In June 1929, he unexpectedly resigned and returned to Estonian politics to head his second cabinet, starting from 9 July 1929. It was a coalition between his Labour Party, People's Party, Christian People's Party, Farmers' Assemblies and the Settlers' Party, combining almost all political parties from the centre-left to right. Before taking office, he criticized the parliament for becoming a "factory of inadequate laws". His cabinet remained in office until 12 February 1931. It is however ironic, that the Great Depression reached Estonia when the head of government was Strandman, who had always supported cautious economic and financial policies. It was thanks to his strong skills in economics and finance that the coalition lasted for a relatively long time, 1 year and 7 months.

During his time in office, he made a state visit to Poland in February 1930, where he met both President Ignacy Mościcki and Marshal Józef Piłsudski to propose the formation of a Baltic Entente, something which however didn't find Polish support. On his return home, he visited Vilnius, which was controlled by Poland at the time. The visit damaged the relations between Estonia and Lithuania, with Dovas Zaunius, Lithuania's Minister of Foreign Affairs, protesting the visit as a breach of neutrality in the Vilnius disputeBy 1931, Estonian-Lithuanian relations had somewhat healed. In August 1930, Strandman hosted President Mościcki in Estonia.

Membership in the parliament:

### Later diplomatic career and death

From 1933 to 1939 Strandman was envoy of Estonia to France, Belgium, Spain and the Holy See, residing in Paris. In 1936 he supported Juhan Kukk, Ants Piip, Jaan Teemant, and Jaan Tõnisson, who signed a memorandum addressed to Prime Minister in duties of the State Elder Konstantin Päts, demanding civil freedoms and an end to his authoritarian rule. In 1938, Strandman became a judge at the Permanent Court of International Justice in The Hague.

In 1939, Strandman returned to Estonia, but retired from public life due to ill health. As he was not active in politics, he was initially left alone after the Soviet occupation in 1940. In 1941 however, Strandman received a formal notice to appear at the local headquarters of the NKVD. Realizing his fate, he shot himself to death in his home in Kadrina on 5 February 1941. He was buried in Tallinn's Sisekalmistu Cemetery.

## Cultural activities

Strandman was on the board of the Estonia Society and Tallinn Savings and Loans Society (*Tallinna Vastastikune Krediitühisus*). He was a member of the Estonian Students' Society since 1899, and received honorary doctorates from the University of Tartu in 1928 and Warsaw University in 1930. Strandman renounced all honours and awards that had been given to him.

## Personal life

In 1907, Strandman married Lydia Hindrikson (1889–1934). They had three children; their daughter Hella (1909–1913) and son Hans (1911–1913) both died at an early age, with only the second daughter, Lydia (1914–1966), surviving into adulthood.

## Honours

### National Honours

## InfoBox

| Otto Strandman | |
| --- | --- |
| Otto Strandman c.1929–1930 | |
|  | |
| 10th State Elder of Estonia | |
| **In office**
9 July 1929  12 February 1931 | |
| Preceded by | August Rei |
| Succeeded by | Konstantin Päts |
| 1st Prime Minister of Estonia | |
| **In office**
9 May 1919  18 November 1919 | |
| Preceded by | Konstantin Päts
as Prime Minister of the Provisional Government |
| Succeeded by | Jaan Tõnisson |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Otto August Strandman
(1875-11-30)30 November 1875
Vandu, Kreis Wierland, Governorate of Estonia, Russian Empire |
| Died | 5 February 1941(1941-02-05) (aged 65)
Kadrina, Estonia |
| Political party | Estonian Radical Socialist Party (1917)
Estonian Labour Party (1917–1932)
National Centre Party (1932–1935)
Independent (1935–1941) |
| Spouse | Lydia Strandman (née Hindrikson) |
| Alma mater | University of Tartu
Saint Petersburg Imperial University |
| Profession | Lawyer, politician, diplomat |
|  | |


title: Ifeanyi Akogo

abstract: Ifeanyi Akogo is a Nigerian actor and radio presenter.

text:
# Ifeanyi Akogo

**Ifeanyi Akogo** is a Nigerian actor and radio presenter.

## Early life and education

Akogo was born in Ebute Metta Lagos State, Nigeria.

He attended Bright Star Primary School and Labo Memorial Primary School in Lagos, he also attended St. John's Secondary School, Lagos, and Baptist Boys High School, Abeokuta, Ogun State.

He studied Health Education at Delta State University, Delta State, Nigeria, and he has a Certificate in Entrepreneurial Management from Pan African University.

## Career

Akogo started acting in stage plays as an eight year old in primary school, and he went on to perform with various drama groups across Nigeria, during his primary and secondary school years.

In 2006, Akogo debuted in his first film as an actor in a movie titled *Choices*, where he played the role of "Barrister George".

The movie was produced by Pastor Bimbo Odukoya of the Fountain of Life Church in Lagos, and directed by Don Pedro Obaseki. After *Choices*, he went on to play the role of "Omasola" in *Tango*, a 26-episode TV series that was also produced by the Fountain of Life Church.

He shot into limelight when he played the role of "Mr Midas" in *Tinsel* TV series on Africa Magic Television, showing in almost 50 African countries, and since then he has starred in various television, and film productions.

He recently played the role of "Boniface" in Mnet/Africa Magic TV series *Battleground* and *Battleground - Final Showdown* among other works.

He has been cast in primary roles alongside various actors in the Nollywood film industry, such as Richard Mofe-Damijo, Segun Arinze, Van Vicker, Gideon Okeke, Adesua Etomi, Femi Jacobs, Abiola Segun-Williams, Iyke Okechukwu, Ihuoma Linda Ejiofor, Lala Akindoju, Somkele Idhalama, Chiwetalu Agwu, Jide Kosoko, Bolanle Ninalowo, Bolaji Ogunmola, Ayoola Ayolola among others.

## Filmography

Akogo has featured in various movies and TV series.

### Television

He played the role of "Boniface" in Battleground and Battleground - Final Showdown (Mnet - Africa Magic)

He starred as "Mr Midas" on African Magic's *Tinsel*.

* *Battleground - Final Showdown* (2018)
* *Battleground* (2017)
* *Living with Angel* (2016)
* *Tinsel* (2016)
* *Tango* (2008)

### Films

Source:

He played alongside Femi Jacobs in *Tango*, directed by Solomon Macauley, and *Choices* directed by Don Pedro Obaseki.

He was also in *Crystal* and *Ordinary People*, both directed by Desmond Elliot, *The Cleanser* by James Abinibi, *Living with Angel* by Ben Chiadika, *The Bait* by Rok Studios, *Mourning Karen* by Fehintola Olulana, *Façade* by Mahmoud Ali-Balogun, and *Eve*

* *The Cleanser* (2021)
* *The Wait* (2021)
* *Kamal* (2020)
* *Mourning Karen* (2018)
* *Ordinary People* (2018)
* *The Groom* (2018)
* *Eve* (2018)
* *Facade* (2017)
* *The Bait* (2017)
* *Crystal* (2015)
* *Choices* (2006)

### Radio

He is a Radio Presenter on 99.3 FM Nigeria Info where he hosts Music & Moments.

### TV hosting

He is the host of the Lagos State Choir Awards.

## InfoBox

| Ifeanyi Akogo | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Ifeanyi Akogo
July 24
Lagos State, Nigeria |
| Education | Health Education, Delta State University |
| Alma mater | Delta State University |
| Occupations | * Actor * Radio Presenter |
| Notable work | "Silence" 2022 *The Cleanser* (2021), *The Wait* (2021), *Kamal* (2020), *Battleground* (MNet 2017), *Battleground - Final Showdown* (MNet 2018), *Eve* (2018), *Mourning Karen* (2018), *Ordinary People* (2018), *The Groom* (2018), *Facade* (2017), *The Bait* (2017), *Tinsel* (MNet 2016), *Living with Angel* (2016), *Crystal* (2015), *Tango* (2008), *Choices* (2006), *Music and Moments* (99.3FM Nigeria Info) |


title: Polystichum dudleyi

abstract: Polystichum dudleyi is a species of fern known by the common name Dudley's sword fern. It is endemic to California, where it is known from the forests of the central and southern California Coast Ranges.

text:
# Polystichum dudleyi

***Polystichum dudleyi*** is a species of fern known by the common name **Dudley's sword fern**. It is endemic to California, where it is known from the forests of the central and southern California Coast Ranges.

## Description

The *Polystichum dudleyi* fern produces several arching leaves up to a meter (around 3 feet) long. Each lance-shaped leaf is made up of many lance-shaped leaflets which are deeply divided into smaller segments.

## InfoBox

| *Polystichum dudleyi* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Imperiled  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| Division: | Polypodiophyta |
| Class: | Polypodiopsida |
| Order: | Polypodiales |
| Suborder: | Polypodiineae |
| Family: | Dryopteridaceae |
| Genus: | *Polystichum* |
| Species: | ***P. dudleyi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Polystichum dudleyi***
Maxon | |
|


title: Prek Prasab Wildlife Sanctuary

abstract: Prek Prasab Wildlife Sanctuary is a 12,770 ha protected area in eastern Cambodia, located in Kratié province. The area was formally protected in October 2018. The area is of particular importance for the endangered hog deer,, with an estimated population 84 individuals. Hog deer were thought extinct in Cambodia until the 2006 rediscovery of a population in this area. The protected area is under threat from illegal forest clearance, snaring, and poaching with dogs.

text:
# Prek Prasab Wildlife Sanctuary

**Prek Prasab Wildlife Sanctuary** (Khmer: ដែនជម្រកសត្វព្រៃព្រែកប្រសព្វ) is a 12,770 ha protected area in eastern Cambodia, located in Kratié province. The area was formally protected in October 2018.

The area is of particular importance for the endangered hog deer, (*Axis porcinus*), with an estimated population 84 individuals. Hog deer were thought extinct in Cambodia until the 2006 rediscovery of a population in this area. The protected area is under threat from illegal forest clearance, snaring, and poaching with dogs.

## InfoBox

| Prek Prasab Wildlife Sanctuary | |
| --- | --- |
| ដែនជម្រកសត្វព្រៃព្រែកប្រសព្ | |
|  | |
| Location | Cambodia |
| Nearest city | Kratié |
| Coordinates | 12°43′20″N 105°56′20″E / 12.7221°N 105.9390°E / 12.7221; 105.9390 |
| Area | 127.70 km2 (49.31 sq mi) |
| Established | 5 October 2018 |
| Governing body | Ministry of Environment |


title: Washington, Rusk County, Wisconsin

abstract: Washington is a town in Rusk County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 312 at the 2000 census.

text:
# Washington, Rusk County, Wisconsin

**Washington** is a town in Rusk County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 312 at the 2000 census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 35.6 square miles (92.3 km2), of which 33.7 square miles (87.3 km2) is land and 1.9 square miles (4.9 km2) (5.36%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 312 people, 134 households, and 99 families residing in the town. The population density was 9.3 people per square mile (3.6/km2). There were 238 housing units at an average density of 7.1 per square mile (2.7/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.44% White, 0.32% African American, 0.32% Pacific Islander, 0.32% from other races, and 1.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.96% of the population.

There were 134 households, out of which 17.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.9% were married couples living together, 0.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.1% were non-families. 23.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.66.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 17.9% under the age of 18, 3.5% from 18 to 24, 18.6% from 25 to 44, 35.6% from 45 to 64, and 24.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $29,231, and the median income for a family was $36,500. Males had a median income of $25,893 versus $19,167 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,533. About 7.0% of families and 10.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.0% of those under age 18 and 2.3% of those age 65 or over.

1. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Washington, Rusk County, Wisconsin
2. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.

## InfoBox

| Washington, Wisconsin | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Location of Washington, Rusk County, Wisconsin | |
| Coordinates: 45°19′41″N 91°14′7″W / 45.32806°N 91.23528°W / 45.32806; -91.23528 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Wisconsin |
| County | Rusk |
| Area | |
| Total | 35.6 sq mi (92.3 km2) |
| Land | 33.7 sq mi (87.3 km2) |
| Water | 1.9 sq mi (5.0 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,070 ft (330 m) |
| Population (2000) | |
| Total | 312 |
| Density | 9.3/sq mi (3.6/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area code(s) | 715 & 534 |
| FIPS code | 55-83675 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1584356 |


title: Polydora (plant)

abstract: Polydora is a genus of plants belonging to the family Asteraceae, consisting of some 8 species. The genus is related to Vernonia and is native to Sub-Saharan Africa.

text:
# Polydora (plant)

***Polydora*** is a genus of plants belonging to the family Asteraceae, consisting of some 8 species. The genus is related to *Vernonia* and is native to Sub-Saharan Africa.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Polydora* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| *Polydora poskeana* in South Africa | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Subfamily: | Cichorioideae |
| Tribe: | Vernonieae |
| Genus: | *Polydora*<br>Fenzl |
|
| Species | |
| See text | |


title: Victor Blue

abstract: Victor Blue was a rear admiral of the United States Navy.

text:
# Victor Blue

**Victor Blue** (December 6, 1865 – January 22, 1928) was a rear admiral of the United States Navy.

## Career

Lieutenant Blue was advanced five numbers for intelligence missions in Cuba during the Spanish–American War. He served on the *Suwanee*, and attracted general attention in June, 1898, by penetrating 72 miles (116 km) within the Spanish lines in the vicinity of Santiago, Cuba, and definitely determining for the first time the presence of the Spanish fleet in Santiago harbor. He commanded the *Alvarado*, a gunboat captured from the Spanish, in the attack upon Manzanillo, became Flag lieutenant in the Pacific Squadron, and served in the Philippines in 1900–01.

From the ranks of inspector of ordnance, held in 1905–07, he was promoted until he became commander in 1909 and in 1910 chief of staff in the Pacific Fleet. Soon thereafter he was transferred to duty on the General Board of the Navy Department. He served as Chief of the Bureau of Navigation (1913–16 and 1919). Under Admiral Beatty he commanded *Texas* (BB-35) in the North Sea during her service with the 6th Battle Squadron. He was made rear-admiral on April 1, 1919. Rear Admiral Blue was retired in June, 1919, because of disability received in line of duty. He died 22 January 1928.

## Namesake

In 1937, the destroyer USS *Blue* (DD-387) was named in his honor.

## Family

Blue's brother was Surgeon General Rupert Blue.

## United States awards

Navy Distinguished Service Medal

World War I Victory Medal

## Attribution

*This article incorporates text from the public domain* Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships*.*  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Blue, Victor". *New International Encyclopedia* (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.

Media related to Victor Blue at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Victor Blue | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1865-12-06)December 6, 1865
Richmond County, North Carolina |
| Died | January 22, 1928(1928-01-22) (aged 62) |
| Allegiance | United States of America |
| Service/branch | United States Navy |
| Years of service | 1887–1919 (32 Years) |
| Rank | Rear admiral (United States) |
| Commands | USS *Alvarado* (1895)
USS *Texas* |
| Battles/wars | Spanish–American War
World War I |
| Awards | Navy Distinguished Service Medal
Specially Meritorious Service Medal |


title: Nathan Harvey House

abstract: Nathan Harvey House is a historic home located at Mill Hall in Clinton County, Pennsylvania, United States. It was built about 1804, and is a two-story, rectangular stone dwelling, seven bays wide. It has a gable roof and exemplifies Georgian style design characteristics. It features a full-width front porch. It was built by Mill Hall's first settler and founding father Nathan Harvey. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

text:
# Nathan Harvey House

**Nathan Harvey House** is a historic home located at Mill Hall in Clinton County, Pennsylvania, United States. It was built about 1804, and is a two-story, rectangular stone dwelling, seven bays wide. It has a gable roof and exemplifies Georgian style design characteristics. It features a full-width front porch. It was built by Mill Hall's first settler and founding father Nathan Harvey.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Nathan Harvey House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| The Nathan Harvey House in August 2012 | |
|  | |
| Location | 425-427 S. Water St., Mill Hall, Pennsylvania |
| Coordinates | 41°6′36″N 77°29′6″W / 41.11000°N 77.48500°W / 41.11000; -77.48500 |
| Area | 0.2 acres (0.081 ha) |
| Built | c. 1804 |
| Architectural style | Georgian |
| NRHP reference No. | 85000034 |
| Added to NRHP | January 3, 1985 |


title: Netechmodes landryi

abstract: Netechmodes landryi is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Pichincha Province, Ecuador. The wingspan is 13 mm.

text:
# Netechmodes landryi

***Netechmodes landryi*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Pichincha Province, Ecuador.

The wingspan is 13 mm.

## InfoBox

| *Netechmodes landryi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Netechmodes* |
| Species: | ***N. landryi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Netechmodes landryi***<br>Razowski, 2004 | |
|


title: Politics of Oman

abstract: The Politics of Oman take place in a framework of an absolute monarchy, where the Sultan of Oman is both head of state and head of government. The Sultan is hereditary, who appoints a cabinet to assist him. The sultan also serves as the supreme commander of the armed forces and prime minister.

text:
# Politics of Oman

The **Politics of Oman** take place in a framework of an absolute monarchy, where the Sultan of Oman is both head of state and head of government. The Sultan is hereditary, who appoints a cabinet to assist him. The sultan also serves as the supreme commander of the armed forces and prime minister.

## Monarchy

The Sultan is a direct descendant of Ahmad bin Said al-Busaidi, the founder of the Al Said dynasty. The Sultanate has neither political parties nor legislature, although the bicameral representative bodies provide the government with advice. The present Sultan has no direct heir, and has not publicly designated a successor. Instead, the ruling family should unanimously designate a new Sultan after his death. If they do not designate a new ruler after three days, then they open a letter left to them by the deceased Sultan, containing a recommendation for a new Sultan.

The current sultan is Haitham bin Tariq, who was appointed on 11 January 2020 following the death of his cousin Sultan Qaboos bin Said al-Said.

## Judicial system

The court system in Oman is regulated by Royal Decree 90/99. There are three court levels in Oman, the Elementary Court is the lowest court, followed by the Court of Appeal, and then the Supreme Court as the highest court in the country.

In addition to this there is an Administrative Court that looks into cases made against the government.

## Administrative divisions

Administratively, the populated regions are divided into 59 districts (wilayats), presided over by governors (walis) responsible for settling local disputes, collecting taxes, and maintaining peace. Most wilayats are small; an exception is the wilayat of Dhofar, which comprises the whole province. The wali of Dhofar is an important government figure, holding cabinet rank, while other walis operate under the guidance of the Ministry of Interior.

## The Consultative Council

In November 1991, Sultan Qaboos replaced the 10-year-old State Consultative Council with the Consultative Assembly (*Majlis al-Shura*) to systematize and broaden public participation in government. The Assembly has 84 elected members and exercises some legislative powers. Representatives were chosen in the following manner: Local caucuses in each of the 59 districts sent forward three nominees' names, whose credentials were reviewed by a cabinet committee. These names were then forwarded to the Sultan, who made the final selection. The Consultative Assembly serves as a conduit of information between the people and the government ministries. It is empowered to review drafts of economic and social legislation prepared by service ministries, such as communications and housing, and provide recommendations. Service ministers also may be summoned before the Majlis to respond to representatives' questions. It has no authority in the areas of foreign affairs, defense, security, and finances. The **Council of State** (*Majlis al-Dawla*) has 83 appointed members including 14 women.

## Political parties and elections

Oman does not allow political parties and only holds elections with expanding suffrage for a consultative assembly. The previously influential opposition movement, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman, is dormant today. The last elections were held on 27 October 2019.

### International organization participation

Oman participates in ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, United Nations, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO.

## Notes and references


title: Ifeanyi Chijindu

abstract: Ifeanyi also credited as Ifeanyi Chijindu is a Nigerian-American author/writer, entrepreneur, artist, actress and screenwriter.

text:
# Ifeanyi Chijindu

**Ifeanyi** also credited as **Ifeanyi Chijindu** //  (born **19 October 1978**) is a Nigerian-American author/writer, entrepreneur, artist, actress and screenwriter.

## Early life

Ifeanyi was born in Nigeria and is a first generation Nigerian-American. Ifeanyi spent most of her childhood living throughout various cities within southern California's Inland Empire.

## Career

Ifeanyi showed a childhood interest in literature when she had her first poem published at eight, completed a 90-page novella at eleven and at 15, Ifeanyi sold her first short story and won 2nd place for it in a contest hosted by *Superior Communications and Publications.*

By 17, Ifeanyi regularly performed her poetry at paid venues. Around this same time, Ifeanyi also deepened her interest in acting and won the part of Maya Angelou in a local play called *Women In Love*.

*A Girl's Life...the Song that Never Ends,* a themed poetry collection, was published in 2004 and centered on Chijindu's experiences about love, hatred, family, spirituality, racism, sexuality, individual and ethnic identity throughout her childhood, adolescence and early adulthood. Cal Poly Pomona presented her with the Golden Leaves Award in recognition for her literary achievement and for being the youngest person at the university to receive this award.

In 2005, *Black Diaspora Magazine* published "Healing from Within," Ifeanyi's feature article about Djehuty Maat-Ra, creator of DHERBS and celebrity herbalist who counts celebrities like R & B singer Brandy and actor Blair Underwood as part of his clientele.

Ifeanyi wrote for *The Poly Post* newspaper from 2005–2007 where she displayed her incisive writing style with her cultural profiles on artists like Nicaraguan painter Carlos Flores and in film reviews of movies such as Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End, The Reaping and The Return.

In 2007, Ifeanyi's film critiques and social editorials allowed her to receive an award from the Society of Professional Journalists for "Best Editorial" for an article about how on-campus ethnic centers promote separatism and racism.

In addition to writing, painting, and acting throughout her adolescence and early adulthood, Ifeanyi worked as a freelance make up artist for aspiring actresses and models before creating Goddess Cosmetics, Accessories & Toiletries also known as Goddess C.A.T., an online shop featuring Goddess-inspired accessories along with herbal cosmetics and skin care.

Goddess C.A.T. became one of the few early companies who created healthy cosmetics for women of color before ethnic and herbal make up gained mainstream popularity with older cosmetic corporations.

Goddess C.A.T., Ifeanyi's beauty advice and social commentaries on issues relating to women's roles and beauty ideals have been featured in various newspapers, websites, women's and beauty magazines and blogs such as *Glamour*


title: Polystichum bulbiferum

abstract: Polystichum bulbiferum is a species of fern in the family Dryopteridaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

text:
# Polystichum bulbiferum

***Polystichum bulbiferum*** is a species of fern in the family Dryopteridaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| *Polystichum bulbiferum* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| Division: | Polypodiophyta |
| Class: | Polypodiopsida |
| Order: | Polypodiales |
| Suborder: | Polypodiineae |
| Family: | Dryopteridaceae |
| Genus: | *Polystichum* |
| Species: | ***P. bulbiferum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Polystichum bulbiferum***
Barrington | |
|


title: Prattsburgh (CDP), New York

abstract: Prattsburgh is the primary hamlet and a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Prattsburgh in Steuben County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 656, out of 2,085 in the entire town of Prattsburgh. The community was incorporated as a village in 1848 but was disincorporated in 1972. The community is in northeastern Steuben County, in the east-central part of the town of Prattsburgh. It is on the west side of the valley of Fivemile Creek, a south-flowing tributary of the Cohocton River and part of the Susquehanna River watershed. New York State Route 53 runs through the center of the community, leading northwest 11 miles (18 km) to Naples and south-southwest 12 miles (19 km) to Interstate 86 at Kanona.

text:
# Prattsburgh (CDP), New York

**Prattsburgh** is the primary hamlet and a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Prattsburgh in Steuben County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 656, out of 2,085 in the entire town of Prattsburgh. The community was incorporated as a village in 1848 but was disincorporated in 1972.

The community is in northeastern Steuben County, in the east-central part of the town of Prattsburgh. It is on the west side of the valley of Fivemile Creek, a south-flowing tributary of the Cohocton River and part of the Susquehanna River watershed. New York State Route 53 runs through the center of the community, leading northwest 11 miles (18 km) to Naples and south-southwest 12 miles (19 km) to Interstate 86 at Kanona.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | 589 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

## InfoBox

| Prattsburgh, New York | |
| --- | --- |
| Census-designated place | |
| PrattsburghPrattsburgh | |
| Coordinates: 42°31′20″N 77°17′20″W / 42.52222°N 77.28889°W / 42.52222; -77.28889 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | New York |
| County | Steuben |
| Town | Prattsburgh |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.64 sq mi (4.25 km2) |
| Land | 1.64 sq mi (4.25 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,481 ft (451 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 589 |
| Density | 359.15/sq mi (138.63/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP Code | 14873 |
| Area code | 607 |
| FIPS code | 36-59708 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2631235 |


title: Washington, Virginia

abstract: The town of Washington, Virginia, is a historic village located in the eastern foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains near Shenandoah National Park.  The entire town is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district, Washington Historic District. It is the county seat of Rappahannock County, Virginia. The town was established by an act of the Virginia General Assembly in 1796 and as the county seat of Rappahannock County, Virginia, in 1833. The town was incorporated in 1894 and was rechartered by the Virginia General Assembly in 1985. A large portion of the town was designated as the Washington Historic District on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 and is considered to be the best preserved of county-seat communities in the Piedmont. The town is led by a 7-member elected Town Council composed of a mayor, a treasurer, and five other members, all of whom serve 4-year terms. The internationally recognized Inn at Little Washington is located in the town. The town combines a mixture of open spaces, residences, village commerce, tourism facilities, historic buildings, cultural offerings, and local government activities. Its population was 135 people in the 2010 census and was estimated to be 127 people in 2019. The area of the town is 182 acres (74 ha).

text:
# Washington, Virginia

The town of **Washington, Virginia**, is a historic village located in the eastern foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains near Shenandoah National Park. The entire town is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district, **Washington Historic District**. It is the county seat of Rappahannock County, Virginia.

The town was established by an act of the Virginia General Assembly in 1796 and as the county seat of Rappahannock County, Virginia, in 1833. The town was incorporated in 1894 and was rechartered by the Virginia General Assembly in 1985. A large portion of the town was designated as the Washington Historic District on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 and is considered to be the best preserved of county-seat communities in the Piedmont. The town is led by a 7-member elected Town Council composed of a mayor, a treasurer, and five other members, all of whom serve 4-year terms. The internationally recognized Inn at Little Washington is located in the town. The town combines a mixture of open spaces, residences, village commerce, tourism facilities, historic buildings, cultural offerings, and local government activities. Its population was 135 people in the 2010 census and was estimated to be 127 people in 2019. The area of the town is 182 acres (74 ha).

## History

The first recorded official document relating to the land that became the town of Washington was a land grant in the year 1735 from King George II of Great Britain to Thomas, James, and Elizabeth Kennerly. The three siblings received 1,750 acres of land located "between the mountains and the fork of the Rushy River," in what was then Orange County, for importing six people into the colony of Virginia, payment of seven pounds five shillings of "good and lawful money," and an annual fee of one shilling for every fifty acres of land. At this time there were virtually no Native Americans in the area and the way was open to English settlement of the Piedmont region of Virginia.

In 1745, the Kennerlys divided their land into three parts. Thomas received the central part, adjacent to and south of the Rush River and containing the land that would become the town of Washington. Thomas sold his land to Henry Gambill in 1753 and moved to South Carolina. Gambill divided the land: in 1754 he sold the western part, which contained what became the western portion of the town of Washington, to John Minor; in 1761 he gave the eastern part, which contained what became the northeastern portion of the town, to his son William Gambill. The border between these two parts would become part of the original road to Chester Gap and, later, Gay Street when the town of Washington was established.

These two parts were bought and sold multiple times during the next 30 years. However, four important individuals acquired the land in the 1790s. In 1791 William Porter was given 247 acres of the western land, and in 1795 George Calvert purchased 230 acres of the adjacent eastern land. During 1792–1795, Porter sold 2 acres to James Wheeler, 2 acres to James Jett Jr., and 6 acres to George Calvert, all of which were located on land that became the town of Washington. Only a few buildings were mentioned in these deeds; these included Wheeler's storehouse, Jett's store, and a schoolhouse, located along the road to Chesters Gap. The rest of the land was apparently only farmland owned by Porter and by Calvert.

On November 1, 1796, George Calvert, James Jett Jr., and James Wheeler petitioned the Virginia General Assembly to "establish a town by the name of Washington on twenty five acres of land of your said petitioners". The General Assembly responded by passing an act on December 14, 1796, establishing thirteen new towns in Virginia, one of which was the town of Washington. One year later, Calvert, Jett, Wheeler, and William Porter sent a second petition to the General Assembly of Virginia, asking that part of Porter's land be added to the town. A plan of the proposed streets and lots of the town was attached to the petition; four of the six streets were named after the four petitioners. On December 25, 1797, the General Assembly approved this request. The local legend that George Washington surveyed and laid out the town in 1749 is believed to have been created from fictitious documents in 1932.

The trustees of the new town of Washington quickly proceeded to sell the fifty-one lots of the town. In 1803 Mrs. Anne Cox established a tavern in the center of town; this building survives today as the gift shops of The Inn at Little Washington. Mary Resor also established a tavern, on Gay Street, which was next owned by George Thorn and later became the home "Avon Hall." The Washington post office was situated in the town by 1804 and still remains in the town. The town became known as "Little Washington" as early as 1804, to distinguish it from the new capital of Washington, D.C. located only 70 miles to the northeast.

In 1833, Rappahannock County was created from part of Culpeper County and the town of Washington was selected to be the county seat. The courthouse and Court Clerk's office were constructed by Malcolm F. Crawford of Albemarle County in 1833-1834 and the jail was built by John W. Fant of Shenandoah County in 1833–1836. The town was governed by a 7-member Board of Trustees. As the town prospered and grew in importance as the seat of government of Rappahannock County, new homes were constructed, and businesses were established to serve the town and the county. Two schools were created in the town to provide private education in the years before the Commonwealth of Virginia instituted public education. The Washington Presbyterian church was built in 1856–1858, Trinity Episcopal church in 1857, Washington Baptist church in 1875, the black American First Baptist church in 1881, and the Washington Methodist church in 1890. The *Blue Ridge Guide* newspaper served the town and the county from 1886 to 1936.

In 1894, the town was incorporated by an act of the Virginia General Assembly and governance of the town was vested in a council of seven members. The Rappahannock National Bank was established in the town in 1903, and electricity and telephones were introduced in the 1920s. Thornton's garage was constructed in the middle of town; this became The Inn at Little Washington in 1978. Partlow's General Store was created in the town in the early 1900s, Stuart's merchandise store in 1908, and Lea Brothers Store in 1928. A new water system was constructed for the town in the mid-1930s through Franklin Roosevelt's Works Progress Administration, and a volunteer fire department was created at that time. In the later 1930s, caravans of tourists began visiting the town on their way to Skyline Drive in Shenandoah National Park. A major event heralded the beginning of the second half of the 20th century with the election of seven women to serve as the Town Council of Washington, replacing the seven men who had comprised the council. Nationwide publicity was given to the election and to the town (nicknamed "She-town" temporarily). These women accomplished a great deal to improve the ambiance and governance of the town. Over the next 50 years, the town flourished because of the influx of tourism, with many new stores, art galleries, restaurants, and overnight lodging. The weekly *Rappahannock News* newspaper was begun. Two performance arts theaters and a public library were established in the town.

In 1975, the town was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as "Washington Historic District", and the Town Council passed an ordinance establishing a review board charged with preserving the town's historic character. (More below.)

One of the most important events in the modern history of the town is the opening of The Inn at Little Washington in 1978. This restaurant and inn celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2018 and has gained national and international fame. It is a member of the luxury hotel association, Relais & Châteaux. It is the first inn to receive the Mobil Travel Guide's 5-Star award, and it has been rated by the American Automobile Association with 5 diamonds for its restaurant and 5 diamonds for its overnight lodging for 28 years. In 2001, the owner and chef of the Inn, Patrick O'Connell, was given the prestigious Outstanding Chef in America Award. La Liste, the French guide to the world's best restaurants, ranked the Inn as the fifth highest rated restaurant in the world. The Inn attracts a discerning clientele from Washington, D.C., and its suburbs. Largely due to the Inn's influence, the town is also home to several art galleries, unique shops, bed and breakfasts, and restaurants. The town attracts art lovers, history buffs, and hikers that come into the county for day hikes or weekend camping trips.

In 1985 the town was rechartered by the Virginia General Assembly. By this new charter, the town was granted much broader powers and increased responsibilities. Washington has evolved to be a safe and quiet community within the rural agricultural environment of Rappahannock County. It still has the same grid of streets and the same street names shown in the 1797 town plan. However, the 51 lots have been subdivided extensively and the boundaries of the town have been significantly enlarged, from the original 25 acres to 182.0171 acres. The town is a community without any large commercial businesses or heavy industry. It is governed by a 7-member Town Council guided by the town's Comprehensive Plan, Planning Commission, Board of Zoning Appeals, and town ordinances.

## Washington Historic District

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Washington Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
| Virginia Landmarks Register | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Town of Washington, Virginia |
| Coordinates | 38°42′51″N 78°09′34″W / 38.71417°N 78.15944°W / 38.71417; -78.15944 |
| Area | 180 acres (73 ha) |
| Built | Circa 1800 to 1945 |
| Built by | Malcolm F. Crawford, James Leake Powers, multiple other builders |
| Architectural style | Early Republic, Greek Revival, Jeffersonian, multiple other styles |
| NRHP reference No. | 75002033 |
| VLR No. | 322-0011 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | May 28, 1975; amended November 21, 2006 |
| Designated VLR | April 15, 1975; amended September 6, 2006 |

"Washington Historic District" was added to the Virginia Landmarks Register and to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. The historic district comprises the entire corporate boundaries of the town (180 acres). However, most of the historic structures are clustered within the 30-acre core of the town established in 1796–1797 by George Calvert, James Jett Jr., James Wheeler, and William Porter.

At that time, the Town Council passed a Historic District Ordinance which established a Historic District Architectural Review Board. The historic district encompassed the entire town and many properties were considered as contributing to the historic nature of the town. The Town Council's actions were intended to protect and preserve the historic nature of the town. A resurvey of the town was conducted in 2004–2005. In 2006, an amendment was made to the town's historic district designation, extending the period of historic significance to 1945, and the amendment was recorded on both the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register in 2006. A total of 159 properties are considered to contribute to the historic nature of the District. Many of the homes and other structures from the earliest period of the town survive today.

The chief landmark is the **Rappahannock County Courthouse**, a two-story Flemish-bond Jeffersonian-style building constructed in 1834–1835 by Malcolm F. Crawford of Albemarle County who had worked on construction of the University of Virginia and built the Page County Courthouse and Greene County Courthouse (both surviving and NRHP-listed), and also the courthouse of Spotsylvania County. Crawford also built the adjacent Court clerk's office (now the office of the Commissioner of Revenue). Other brick buildings in the courthouse complex are the county jail (1835–1836, constructed by John W. Fant of Stafford County) and the county treasurer's office (1857). A small frame building (1857) on the northwest corner of the complex served as the original office of the Commonwealth Attorney.

Other notable buildings include the tavern and inn originally owned by Anne Coxe (circa 1800, now commercial shops); a log building that was probably one of the original dwelling houses constructed when the town was formed in 1796–1797; the country-Gothic Trinity Episcopal church (1857) and the Doric Presbyterian church (1858, now the Town Hall), both constructed by James Leake Powers; the brick Baptist church and Masonic hall (1875); and a brick Edwardian bank building (1915, now commercial offices).

Numerous private homes are also part of the Washington Historic District, including the mansions Avon Hall (circa 1810, moved and enlarged in 1931), the Meadows (circa 1790), Mount Prospect (1872), The Maples (circa 1850, now a bed and breakfast establishment), and the home constructed for Edward Pendleton (circa 1800, now remodeled as overnight lodging for The Inn at Little Washington). In addition to these large homes, there are many privately owned homes with historic significance throughout the Washington Historic District.

The town of Washington has been described as perhaps the best preserved of the county seat communities in the Virginia Piedmont.

## Geography

Washington is located at 38°42′46″N 78°9′34″W / 38.71278°N 78.15944°W / 38.71278; -78.15944 (38.712914, −78.159474).

The town has a total area of 0.284 square miles (0.74 km2), all of it land except for the Avon Hall pond.

The town is located on the eastern side of the Blue Ridge Mountains near the northern part of Shenandoah National Park.

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1880 | 254 |  |  |
| 1890 | 252 |  | −0.8% |
| 1900 | 300 |  | 19.0% |
| 1910 | 235 |  | −21.7% |
| 1920 | 233 |  | −0.9% |
| 1930 | 250 |  | 7.3% |
| 1940 | 245 |  | −2.0% |
| 1950 | 249 |  | 1.6% |
| 1960 | 255 |  | 2.4% |
| 1970 | 189 |  | −25.9% |
| 1980 | 247 |  | 30.7% |
| 1990 | 198 |  | −19.8% |
| 2000 | 183 |  | −7.6% |
| 2010 | 135 |  | −26.2% |
| 2018 (est.) | 125 |  | −7.4% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

## Highways

The main road serving Washington is U.S. Route 211 Business/U.S. Route 522 Business. This road follows Warren Avenue, Middle Street, and Main Street through the town and is the old alignment of U.S. Route 211, which now passes just southeast of the town limits. Via US 211 and US 522, US 211 Bus/US 522 Bus provides access to Luray to the west, Culpeper to the south, Warrenton to the east and Front Royal to the north.

1. "2018 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 16, 2020.
2. Library of Virginia, Virginia Colonial Land Office Patent Book No. 15, 1732–1735, pp. 531-532
3. Maureen I. Harris, *Washington, Virginia, a History, 1735-2018* (KDP Publishing, Amazon.com, 2019), pp. 9-11
4. Orange County Deed Book 10, p. 278
5. Culpeper County Deed Book B, pp. 70-74
6. Culpeper County Deed Book B, pp. 132–135, and Deed Book C, pp. 609-610
7. Maureen I. Harris, "History of the Land and the People who Founded the Town of Washington, Virginia, 1735–1833," *Magazine of Virginia Genealogy*, Vol. 53, No. 1, 2015, pp. 64-70
8. Culpeper County Deed Book Q, pp. 387–388, and Deed Book S, pp. 170-172
9. Culpeper County Deed Book R, pp. 35-36 and pp. 333–334, and Deed Book S, pp. 278-280 and pp. 99-100
10. Library of Virginia, Petitions of Culpeper County to the Virginia General Assembly, www.virginiamemory.com/collections/petitions
11. Samuel Shepherd, *The Statutes at Large of Virginia, from October Session 1792 to December Session 1806, Inclusive, in Three Volumes, (New Series), Being a Continuation of Hening,* vol. II (New York: AMS Press, 1836), pp. 29-32
12. Library of Virginia, Petitions of Culpeper County to the General Assembly of Virginia, www.virginiamemory.com/collections/petitions
13. Samuel Shepherd, *The Statutes at Large of Virginia, from October Session 1792 to December Session 1806, Inclusive, in Three Volumes, (New Series), Being a Continuation of Hening,* vol. II (New York: AMS Press, 1836), p. 131
14. Eugene M. Scheel, "Putting Little Washington on the Map," *The Portolan Journal of the Washington Map Society*, No. 54, 2002, pp. 37-39; Maureen I. Harris, *Washington, Virginia, a History, 1735-2018* (KDP Publishing, Amazon.com., 2019), Appendix 4
15. *The Journals and Letters of Francis Asbury,* vol. II (London, Epworth Press, 1958), p. 447
16. Acts of the Virginia General Assembly, Chapter 73 for the year 1833; Rappahannock County Deed Book A, pp. 24-29
17. Maureen Harris, "Will the Real Courthouse Architect Please Stand Up," *Rappahannock News*, June 4, 2017, and June 17, 2017; Rappahannock County Minute Book A, pp. 26 and 74
18. Maureen I. Harris, *Washington, Virginia, a History, 1735-2018* (KDP Publishing, Amazon.com, 2019), pp. 45-58
19. Acts of the Virginia General Assembly, Chapter 228 for the year 1894
20. *Rappahannock News*, December 4, 1986; *The Daily Progress*, March 8, 2002; *Richmond Times-Dispatch*, November 12, 2005; Rappahannock News, September 20, 2018, and December 13, 2018
21. Acts of the Virginia General Assembly, Chapter 172 for the year 1985
22. Rappahannock County Instrument 990001042
23. "The 1975 nomination indicated that George Washington laid out the town in 1749; this local legend has been determined to have been created from fictitious documents in 1932 (see reference 7, Appendix 4)". Library of Virginia, Legislative Petitions Digital Collection.
24. Calder Loth, editor, *The Virginia Landmarks Register* (University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, 1986), p. 358; Virginia Department of Historic Resources, dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/322-0011; National Register of Historic Places, U.S. National Park Service, nps.gov/subjects/nationalregister
25. https://www.virginia.gov/historic-registers/322-0011
26. "National Register of Historic Places - Inventory - Nomination Form" (PDF). Retrieved November 11, 2023.
27. "National Register of Historic Places- Registration Form" (PDF). Retrieved November 11, 2023.
28. Cheryl H. Shepherd, "Resurvey of the Washington Historic District 2004-05," Reconnaissance Level Survey, Virginia Department of Historic Resources, Richmond, Virginia
29. Maureen I. Harris, Washington, Virginia, a History, 1735–2018 (KDP Publishing, Amazon.com, 2019), pp. 26-28, 235-239
30. Examination of Rappahannock County land records and land deeds has resulted in more accurate dates of construction for many of the buildings included in the 1975 application and the 2006 amendment. See reference 7, pp. 155-251
31. Calder Loth, editor. The Virginia Landmarks Register, 3rd edition. University Press of Virginia, 1986, p. 358
32. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
33. Rappahannock County Court Clerk, Instrument 990001042
34. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 4, 2019.
35. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.

## InfoBox

| Washington, Virginia | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Location of Washington within Rappahannock County | |
| Washington, VirginiaLocation within the Commonwealth of VirginiaWashington, VirginiaWashington, Virginia (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 38°42′46″N 78°9′34″W / 38.71278°N 78.15944°W / 38.71278; -78.15944 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Virginia |
| County | Rappahannock |
| Established as a town by the Virginia General Assembly | 1796 |
| Named for | George Washington |
| Government | |
| Type | Mayor and Town Council |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.26 sq mi (0.68 km2) |
| Land | 0.26 sq mi (0.68 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 682 ft (208 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 86 |
| Density | 330/sq mi (130/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 22747 |
| Area code | 540 |
| FIPS code | 51-83248 |
| Website | Official Website |


title: Victor Blackwell

abstract: Victor Blackwell is an American television news anchor who currently co-hosts the weekend edition of CNN This Morning and hosts First of All with Victor Blackwell on CNN.

text:
# Victor Blackwell

**Victor Blackwell** (born September 25, 1981) is an American television news anchor who currently co-hosts the weekend edition of *CNN This Morning* and hosts *First of All with Victor Blackwell* on CNN.

## Early life and education

Blackwell was class president of his high school graduating class at Milford Mill Academy in 1999. He earned a B.A. in Broadcast Journalism from Howard University in Washington, D.C. While in college, he worked at Howard University's public television station WHUT-TV.

## Career

After college, Blackwell worked as a reporter and fill-in anchor at WHAG-TV in Hagerstown, Maryland. He also worked as a reporter and weekend anchor at WTLV/WJXX in Jacksonville, Florida. Blackwell was the first black main anchor at WPBF in West Palm Beach, Florida. Blackwell joined CNN in 2012 as a correspondent, based at CNN's southeast bureau. In 2013, Blackwell's exclusive reporting on the mysterious death of Georgia teenager Kendrick Johnson led to investigations by the Office of Secretary of State of Georgia and the US Attorney for Georgia's Middle District. In January 2014, Blackwell was promoted to co-host of *New Day Saturday and Sunday* with Christi Paul.

On April 19, 2021, he began co-hosting a two-hour afternoon block of *CNN Newsroom* with Alisyn Camerota. On March 25, 2023, Blackwell returned to weekend mornings to co-anchor CNN This Morning with Amara Walker. He announced that this was a permanent assignment.

In August 2023, CNN announced a major overhaul of its weekday/weekend programming, in making that announcement Blackwell was named host of a new weekend show called *First of All with Victor Blackwell.* He will continue as host of *CNN This Morning.*

## Awards and honors

In 2009, Blackwell received a Regional Emmy Awards for Outstanding Feature Reporting. He was also nominated for a Regional Emmy in 2007, 2008, and 2011. Blackwell also received a Regional Edward R. Murrow Award for his reporting on the Stop Snitchin’ phenomenon and its impact on inner-city crime. Blackwell received the Unity Award from the Radio Television Digital News Association in 2007 for his reporting on the high school graduation rate of black boys.

## Personal life

Blackwell came out as gay on CNN on December 21, 2013, in an on-air conversation with co-anchor Pamela Brown.

## InfoBox

| Victor Blackwell | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1981-09-25) September 25, 1981<br>Baltimore, Maryland, U.S. |
| Education | Howard University (BA) |
| Occupation(s) | Television news anchor / reporter, journalist |
| Years active | 2003–present |


title: Natalia Oreiro discography

abstract: This is the discography of Natalia Oreiro, a Uruguayan pop-rock singer. Oreiro has released three studio albums, six reissues albums, three soundtrack albums, twenty four singles, three charity singles and sixteen music videos. She first appeared on the tracks "Que sí, que sí" and "Caminos" for the soundtrack Un Argentino En New York in 1998. Oreiro's debut album, Natalia Oreiro, was released on 14 July 1998. The album peaked at No. 1 in Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia and at No. 4 in Grece. It spawned five singles: "Que sí, que sí", "De tu amor", "Cambio dolor", "Me muero de amor" and "Huracán". The album was reissued five times as especial editions in Argentina, Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary and Israel, incorporating remixes to the original tracklist and a DVD with live performances and the music videos of the singles.

text:
# Natalia Oreiro discography

This is the discography of Natalia Oreiro, a Uruguayan pop-rock singer. Oreiro has released three studio albums, six reissues albums, three soundtrack albums, twenty four singles (including five as a featured artist), three charity singles and sixteen music videos. She first appeared on the tracks "Que sí, que sí" and "Caminos" for the soundtrack *Un Argentino En New York* in 1998.

Oreiro's debut album, *Natalia Oreiro*, was released on 14 July 1998. The album peaked at No. 1 in Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia and at No. 4 in Grece. It spawned five singles: "Que sí, que sí", "De tu amor", "Cambio dolor", "Me muero de amor" and "Huracán". The album was reissued five times as especial editions in Argentina, Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary and Israel, incorporating remixes to the original tracklist and a DVD with live performances and the music videos of the singles.

## Albums

### Studio albums

List of studio albums, with selected details, chart positions, sales, and certifications
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | | | | | | | Sales | Certifications |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | ARG | CZE | GRE | HUN | SVK | SPA | CHL | | |
| *Natalia Oreiro* |  |  | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 |  |  |  |  |
| *Tu Veneno* | * Released: August 8, 2000 * Label: Sony BMG, Ariola * Formats: CD, cassette |  | 9 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 7 |  | * CAPIF: Gold * MAHASZ: Platinum * IFPI CZE: Platinum |
| *Turmalina* | * Released: June 1, 2002 * Label: Sony BMG, Ariola * Formats: CD, cassette | 1 | 7 | 8 |  | 13 |  |  |  | * IFPI CZE: Gold |

### Compilation albums

List of compilation albums, with selected details
| Title | Album details |
| --- | --- |
| *Natalia Oreiro (Re-Edition)* | * Released: 1999 * Country: Argentina |
| *Natalia Oreiro: Release for Poland* | * Released: 2001 * Country: Poland |
| *Natalia Oreiro 2001* | * Released: 2001 * Country: Czech Republic |
| *Natalia Oreiro 2001* | * Released: 2001 * Country: Hungary |
| *From Naty With Love* | * Released: 2001 * Country: Israel |
| *Turmalina (Kachorra Edition)* | * Released: 2003 * Country: Czech Republic |

### Soundtracks

List of soundtrack albums, with selected details, chart positions, sales, and certifications
| Title | Studio album details | Peak chart positions | | Sales | Certifications |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | ARG | URU | | |
| *Un Argentino en New York
(with Juan Federico Jusid)* | * Released: May 21, 1998 * Label: Sony BMG, Ariola * Formats: CD, cassette |  |  |  |  |
| *Miss Tacuarembó
(with various artists)* | * Released: May 10, 2011 * Label: Warner Music Spain * Formats: CD, digital download |  |  |  |  |
| *Gilda, No Me Arrepiento de Este Amor* | * Released: September 9, 2016 * Label: Sony Music Argentina * Formats: CD, digital download | 3 | 2 |  |  |

## Extended plays

List of EPs, with selected details
| Title | Extended play details |
| --- | --- |
| *Listo Pa' Bailar \<\< Будем танцевать \>\>
(with Bajofondo)* |  |

## Singles

### As lead artist

List of singles as lead artist, with selected chart positions, showing year released and album name
| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | | | | | | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | US
Latin Pop
 | URU
 | ARG | RUS
 | POL | CZE | |
| "Que Sí, Que Sí" | 1998 |  |  |  |  |  |  | *Un Argentino en New York* and *Natalia Oreiro* |
| | "De Tu Amor" |  |  |  |  |  |  | *Natalia Oreiro* |
| | "Cambio Dolor" |  |  |  |  | | 5 | 17 |
| "Me Muero de Amor" | 1999 |  |  |  |  | |  |  |
| | "Huracán" |  |  |  |  | |  |  |
| "Tu Veneno" | 2000 | 26 |  |  |  |  |  | *Tu Veneno* |
| | "Río De La Plata" |  |  |  |  |  | |  |
| "Cómo Te Olvido" | 2001 |  |  | 11 |  |  | |  |
| | "Basta de Ti" |  |  |  |  |  | |  |
| | "Un Ramito de Violetas" |  |  | 39 |  |  | |  |
| "Cuesta Arriba, Cuesta Abajo" | 2002 |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | *Turmalina* |
| | "Que Digan Lo Que Quieran" |  |  | 10 |  |  | |  |
| "Todos Me Miran" | 2013 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Non-album single |
| "Я умираю от любви (Me Muero de Amor)" | 2014 |  |  |  |  |  | |  |
| "No Me Arrepiento de Este Amor" | 2016 |  | 16 |  |  |  |  | *Gilda, No Me Arrepiento de Este Amor* |
| | "Corazón Valiente"
(featuring Rubén Rada) |  |  |  |  |  | |  |
| "United By Love" | 2018 |  |  |  | 131 |  |  | *The Official Album of the 2018 FIFA World Cup* |
| | "Mi Pobedim" |  |  |  |  |  | |  |
| | "To Russia with Love" |  |  |  |  |  |  | Non-album single |
| "Me Muero de Amor"
(with Juan Ingaramo) | 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  | *Summer Pack* |
| "No Hay Verdades"
(with Ana Prada) | 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  | *No* |
| | "Quiero Todo"
(with Lali and Soledad) |  | 16 | 97 |  |  |  | Non-album single |
| | "Quién es la máscara?" |  |  |  |  |  |  | *Who Is The Mask? (Soundtrack)* |
| "Cumbia de los Dos"
(with La Delio Valdez) | 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Non-album single |

List of singles as featured artist, with selected chart positions, showing year released and album name
| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | | | | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | US Latin
 | MEX
 | MEX Pop Español | RUS
 | |
| "Esta Navidad"
(Mijares featuring Joy, Manuel Medrano, Vanesa Martin, Giulia Be, Natalia Oreiro and Raquel Sofía) | 2020 |  | 34 | 9 |  | *¡Feliz Navidad!* |
| | "La Navidad de Luis"
(León Gieco featuring Natalia Oreiro and Leo García) |  |  |  |  | Non-album single |
| "Будем танцевать (Listo Pa'Bailar)"
(Bajofondo featuring Natalia Oreiro) | 2021 |  |  |  |  | *Listo Pa' Bailar \<\< Будем танцевать \>\>* |
|

### Charity singles

List of charity singles, with selected chart positions, showing year released
| Title | Year | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| "Esclava" | 2007 |  |
| "¡Basta ya!"
(with various artists) | 2011 |  |
| "Nunca Más A Mi Lado (Versión 10°. Aniversario)"
(with various artists) | 2021 |  |

## Other appearances

List of non-single guest appearances, with other performing artists, showing year released and album name
| Title | Year | Other artist(s) | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| "Fuiste" | 1998 | none | *Muñeca Brava (Soundtrack)* |
| "03 03 456" | 2000 | Raffaella Carrà | *Fiesta: Grandes Éxitos* |
| "Basta De Ti (Dipli Zoi)" | 2001 | Nikos Kourkoulis | *Monos Mou* |
| "Light My Fire" | 2004 | none | *El Deseo (Soundtrack)* |
| "No Te Importa" | 2006 | none | *Sos Mi Vida (Soundtrack)* |
| | "Me Voy" | | none |
| | "Corazón Valiente" | | none |
| "Sueños de Juventud" | 2012 | none | *Infancia Clandestina (Soundtrack)* |
| "Solamente Vos" | 2013 | none | *Solamente Vos (Soundtrack)* |
| | "Hasta el Final" | | none |
| | "Como una Loba" | | none |
| | "Así No Te Amará Jamás" | | none |
| "Tu Hombre" | 2017 | Miranda! | *Fuerte* |
| | "No llores por mí Argentina" | none | none |
| "La Marea Feminista" | 2018 | none | none |
| | "Tiritando" | none | *Re Loca (Soundtrack)* |
| "Acapulco" | 2019 | Roberto Kel Torres | none |

## InfoBox

| Natalia Oreiro discography | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio albums | 3 |
| Compilation albums | 6 |
| Music videos | 16 |
| Singles | 15 |
| Soundtrack albums | 3 |


title: Netelia

abstract: Netelia is a genus of ichneumonid wasps in the subfamily Tryphoninae. There are over 330 described species in Netelia grouped into 12 subgenera.

text:
# Netelia

***Netelia*** is a genus of ichneumonid wasps in the subfamily Tryphoninae. There are over 330 described species in *Netelia* grouped into 12 subgenera.

## Description and identification

*Netelia* generally are entirely orange to brownish yellow in color and are medium to large in size, with a fore wing measuring between 6 and 20 mm. They have large ocelli, which often touch the compound eyes and mandibles that are twisted 90°. Both their antennae and legs are conspicuously long for ichneumonids. In contrast to the superficially similar Ophioninae, the forewing usually has veins 2r-m and 3r-m present, the latter of which forms a small, triangular areolet, and has the Rs vein strongly bent as it approaches 3r-m. The ovipositor is also prominent, ranging from 0.3 to 0.7 times the length of the hind tibia.

Identification of species is problematic as most species are similar in both morphology and coloration. The only reliable way to diagnose species is through examination of male genitalia, particularly a structure on the clasper. The strong similarity between species has resulted in misidentifications as well as erroneous reports of species well outside of their natural ranges.

## Distribution

This genus is cosmopolitan. The genus has a high density of species, with 81 species reported just between the United States and Canada, for example.

## Species

* Media related to *Netelia* at Wikimedia Commons
* Data related to *Netelia* at Wikispecies

## InfoBox

| *Netelia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Ichneumonidae |
| Subfamily: | Tryphoninae |
| Tribe: | Phytodietini |
| Genus: | *Netelia*<br>Gray, 1860 |
|
| Species | |
| 335 listed species | |


title: Ottayadipathakal

abstract: Ottayadipathakal is a 1993 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by C. Radhakrishnan and produced by Vincent Chittilappally. The film stars Madhu, Revathy, Sreenath and Kaviyoor Ponnamma. The film has musical score by Mohan Sithara.

text:
# Ottayadipathakal

***Ottayadipathakal*** is a 1993 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by C. Radhakrishnan and produced by Vincent Chittilappally. The film stars Madhu, Revathy, Sreenath and Kaviyoor Ponnamma. The film has musical score by Mohan Sithara.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Mohan Sithara.

| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics | Length (m:ss) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Geethopadesham" | P. Jayachandran | Traditional |  |
| 2 | "Kaattum Kadalum" | Arundhathi | O. N. V. Kurup |  |
| 3 | "Vellathil Aambalunde" | Nalini Balakrishnan | C. Radhakrishnan |  |

## InfoBox

| Ottayadipathakal | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | C. Radhakrishnan |
| Written by | C. Radhakrishnan |
| Screenplay by | C. Radhakrishnan |
| Produced by | Vincent Chittilappally |
| Starring | Madhu
Revathy
Sreenath
Kaviyoor Ponnamma |
| Cinematography | Sunny Joseph |
| Edited by | Venugopal |
| Music by | Mohan Sithara |
| Production
company | St. Vincent Movies |
| Distributed by | St. Vincent Movies |
| Release date | * 1993 (1993) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Malayalam |


title: Polystichum australiense

abstract: Polystichum australiense, commonly known as the harsh shield fern is a plant found in New South Wales, Australia. The genus name Polystichum is derived from Greek poly - many, and stichos - rows referring to the many rows of sori. The specific epithet refers to Australia. An unusual feature is the growth of bulbils on end of the fronds. Sori are circular with a brown indusium, the stem is moderately scaly. Fronds are tough, having ultimate segments with distinctly aristate margins. Seen in warmer sites, unlike the related Polystichum proliferum which usually prefers mountain habitats. The type specimen was collected at Garie Beach, and first appeared in a botanic publication in 1954, authored by Mary Tindale.

text:
# Polystichum australiense

***Polystichum australiense***, commonly known as the **harsh shield fern** is a plant found in New South Wales, Australia. The genus name *Polystichum* is derived from Greek *poly* \- many, and *stichos -* rows referring to the many rows of sori. The specific epithet refers to Australia. An unusual feature is the growth of bulbils on end of the fronds. Sori are circular with a brown indusium, the stem is moderately scaly. Fronds are tough, having ultimate segments with distinctly aristate margins.

Seen in warmer sites, unlike the related Polystichum proliferum which usually prefers mountain habitats. The type specimen was collected at Garie Beach, and first appeared in a botanic publication in 1954, authored by Mary Tindale.

## InfoBox

| harsh shield fern | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| **harsh shield fern** at Narrabeen, Australia | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| Division: | Polypodiophyta |
| Class: | Polypodiopsida |
| Order: | Polypodiales |
| Suborder: | Polypodiineae |
| Family: | Dryopteridaceae |
| Genus: | *Polystichum* |
| Species: | ***P. australiense*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Polystichum australiense***<br>Tindale | |
|


title: Pratts Peak

abstract: Pratts Peak is a rock peak in Antarctica located 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) east of Mount Provender in the west part of Shackleton Range. It was first mapped in 1957 by the CTAE and it was photographed in 1967 by U.S. Navy trimetrogon aerial photography. It was named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for David L. Pratt, engineer, and John G. D. Pratt, geophysicist, who were with the transpolar party of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition in 1956–58.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Pratts Peak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

text:
# Pratts Peak

**Pratts Peak** is a rock peak in Antarctica located 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) east of Mount Provender in the west part of Shackleton Range. It was first mapped in 1957 by the CTAE and it was photographed in 1967 by U.S. Navy trimetrogon aerial photography. It was named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for David L. Pratt, engineer, and John G. D. Pratt, geophysicist, who were with the transpolar party of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition in 1956–58.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Pratts Peak". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.

## InfoBox

| Pratts Peak | |
| --- | --- |
| Pratts PeakLocation in Antarctica | |
| Highest point | |
| Coordinates | 80°24′S 29°21′W / 80.400°S 29.350°W / -80.400; -29.350 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Antarctica |
| Parent range | Shackleton Range |


title: Polydore Beaufaux

abstract: Polydore Beaufaux was a Belgian painter. He favored Biblical scenes, portraits and genre pieces.

text:
# Polydore Beaufaux

**Polydore Beaufaux** (30 November 1829 – 7 May 1905) was a Belgian painter. He favored Biblical scenes, portraits and genre pieces.

## Life

From 1844 to 1850, he studied at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts (Antwerp). In 1857, he won the Prix de Rome (Belgium) for painting. He used his prize money to make a study trip from 1859 to 1863, visiting France and Italy, where he did a portrait of Pope Pius IX.

The following year, he became a Professor at the Academy, where he taught a course entitled "Painting from Life". Léon Abry, Gerard Portielje and Edouard de Jans are among his best-known students. He exhibited regularly at the Paris Salon.

In 1889, he made a trip to England, then left Antwerp to settle in Wavre. A year later, he became paralyzed in his hands and could no longer paint.

## Sources and further reading

* Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon, Vol. 8, München-Leipzig (K.G. Saur Verlag), 1994.
* Léon Maret. *Le peintre Polydore Beaufaux 1829—1905 Prix de Rome*. — S.l., 1967. — 45 pp.

## InfoBox

| Polydore Beaufaux | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Polydore Beaufaux
(1829-11-30)30 November 1829
Court-Saint-Étienne, Belgium |
| Died | 7 May 1905(1905-05-07) (aged 84)
Wavre, Belgium |
| Education | Royal Academy of Fine Arts (Antwerp) |
| Occupation | Painter |