title: Our Lady of Pontmain

abstract: Our Lady of Pontmain, also known as Our Lady of Hope, is the title given to the Virgin Mary following her apparition at Pontmain, France on 17 January 1871.

text:
# Our Lady of Pontmain

**Our Lady of Pontmain**, also known as **Our Lady of Hope**, is the title given to the Virgin Mary following her apparition at Pontmain, France on 17 January 1871.

## The Apparition

The Franco-Prussian War (also called the War of 1870) was the culmination of years of tension between the two nations, which finally came to a head on 19 July 1870, when Emperor Napoleon III of the Second Empire declared war against Prussia. From the first days of the war, defeat followed defeat. By January 1871, Paris was under siege, and two-thirds of the country was under the advancing Prussians.

The apparition is said to have occurred at the height of the war. Pontmain, a hamlet of about 500 inhabitants, lay between the oncoming Prussian army and the city of Laval. The local Barbedette family consisted of father César, his wife, Victoire, their two sons Joseph and Eugène, aged ten and twelve, and another older boy who was away in the army. On the evening of 17 January 1871, the two boys were helping their father in the barn when the elder, Eugène, walked over towards the door to look out. As he gazed at the star-studded sky, he suddenly saw an apparition of a beautiful woman smiling at him; she was wearing a blue gown covered with golden stars, and a black veil under a golden crown.

His father, brother, and a neighbour came out to look and Joseph immediately said he too could see the apparition although the adults saw nothing. The mother, Victoire, came out but she too could see nothing. The boys’ parents could not see what their children were seeing that night and called for Sister Vitaline, the local schoolteacher. She, like the boys’ parents, could also not see the apparition, and called for two girls, Françoise Richer and Jeanne-Marie Lebosse, aged nine and eleven, respectively. Sister Vitaline suggested that perhaps Our Lady was visible only to the children. Without any prior knowledge of the apparition, the girls looked into the night sky and began describing the vision in exactly the same detail as the Barbedette boys did.

A crowd gathered to pray as word quickly spread among the anxious villagers. Children saw the beautiful Lady, and gleefully pointed up to her. Adults, however, only saw three stars forming a triangle. As they prayed the Rosary, the children saw the garment's stars multiply until it was almost entirely gold. Next, the children saw a banner unfurl beneath the Lady. Slowly, a message appeared:

> But pray, my children. God will hear you in time. My Son allows Himself to be touched.

Upon hearing the message read aloud, the crowd spontaneously began the hymn "Mother of Hope". As they sang, the Lady laughed and joined in the singing.

The children squealed with delight as her hands kept time with the music. When the crowd began "My Sweet Jesus," her expression changed to profound sadness and a red crucifix appeared in her hands, with the words "Jesus Christ" above it. Her eyes mournfully contemplated the crucifix during the hymn. As the people sang "*Ave Maris Stella*", the crucifix vanished and her smile returned, though with a touch of melancholy. Two small white crosses then appeared on her shoulders before the Lady disappeared behind a cloud. As the night's prayers came to a close, the apparition ended. It was about nine o'clock; the phenomenon had lasted about three hours.

### Description of the Lady

Years later, Joseph Barbadette, who later became a priest of the Congregation of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate, recounted:

> She was young and tall of stature, clad in a garment of deep blue, ... Her dress was covered with brilliant gold stars. The sleeves were ample and long. She wore slippers of the same blue as the dress, ornamented with gold bows. On the head was a black veil half covering the forehead, concealing the hair and ears, and falling over the shoulders. Above this was a crown resembling a diadem, higher in front than elsewhere, and widening out at the sides. A red line encircled the crown at the middle. Her hands were small and extended toward us as in the 'Miraculous Medal.' Her face had the most exquisite delicacy and a smile of ineffable sweetness. The eyes, of unutterable tenderness, were fixed on us. Like a true mother, she seemed happier in looking at us than we in contemplating.

### After the apparition

That same evening, Prussian forces inexplicably abandoned their advance. General von Schmidt of the Prussian Army, who was about to move on the city of Laval towards Pontmain, received orders from his commander not to take the city.

On the evening of 17 January 1871, the Commander of the Prussian forces, having taken up his quarters at the archiepiscopal palace of Le Mans, told Charles-Jean Fillion, bishop of that diocese:

> "By this time my troops are at Laval".

On the same evening, the Prussian troops in sight of Laval stopped at half-past five o'clock, about the time when the apparition first appeared above Pontmain, a few miles away. General Schmidt is reported to have said on the morning of the 18th:

> "We cannot go farther. Yonder, in the direction of Brittany, there is an invisible 'Madonna' barring the way."

The sudden stopping of the Prussian forces in sight of Laval, and their retirement the following morning, meant, together with the saving of Brittany, the turning back of the tide of conquering soldiery from that part of France. The war was practically at an end. On 23 January 1871, the long-hoped for armistice was signed. Soon, all thirty-eight conscripted men and boys returned home unscathed.

## Authorization of Our Lady of Hope

After that the devotion to the Blessed Virgin under the title of that of *Notre Dame d'Esperance de Pontmain*, "Our Lady of Hope of Pontmain", was authorized by ecclesiastical authorities, and the confraternity of that name has been extended all over the world.

After the apparition of "Our Lady of Hope" on 17 January 1871, pilgrims made up of both the clergy and the laity came to Pontmain. At the same time, inquiries and investigations were made about the apparition; the visionary children were submitted to various intense interrogations. Finally, on the Feast of the Purification, 2 February 1872, Casimir-Alexis-Joseph Wicart, Bishop of Laval, issued a pastoral letter giving canonical judgment on the apparition. Thus, the veneration of Our Lady of Hope of Pontmain was given official church recognition and approval.

Joseph Barbadette became a priest of the Congregation of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate; his brother Eugène became a secular priest. His housekeeper was one of the girls who had seen the apparition with him, and the other, Jeanne-Marie Lebossé, became a nun.

## Veneration

In May 1872, Wicart authorized the construction of a shrine, which was consecrated in October 1900. In 1905, Pope Pius X elevated the Sanctuary to the status of a minor basilica.

Pope Pius XI gave a final decision regarding the Mass and Office in honor of Our Lady of Hope of Pontmain. A final papal honour was given to *Our Lady of Hope* on 16 July 1932 by Cardinal Pacelli, who later became Pope Pius XII, by passing a decree from the Chapter of St. Peter's Basilica that the statue of the *Blessed Lady, Mother of Hope,* be solemnly honoured with the crown of gold. The Lady then was crowned in the presence of bishops, priests, and the laity by Cardinal Verdier, Archbishop of Paris on 24 July 1934. During the Second World War, Our Lady of Pontmain was prayed to in the hope that she would bring peace in France.

At Pontmain, it was a matter of a message of prayer, very simple in the dramatic circumstances of war and invasion. At Pontmain, Mary is a sign of hope in the midst of war. A place of pilgrimage, it attracts annually around 200,000 drawn from among the people of the region, with some international pilgrimages, especially from Germany.

Notre-Dame-de-Pontmain, Quebec is a municipality in Canada that was named after the apparition. Our Lady of Hope is a parish of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sault Sainte Marie in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. There is a chapel dedicated to Our Lady of Hope of Pontmain at the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, D.C. Funds for this chapel were donated by Bob Hope and his wife Dolores.

## InfoBox

| Our Lady of Pontmain | |
| --- | --- |
| Notre-Dame d'Esperance de Pontmain | |
| Location | Pontmain, France |
| Date | 17 January 1871 |
| Type | Marian apparition |
| Approval | February 2, 1872
Bishop Casimir Wicart
Diocese of Laval |
| Shrine | Basilica of Our Lady of Hope of Pontmain |
| Patronage | Pontmain, France, hope |


title: Oswald Leslie De Kretser II

abstract: Oswald Leslie De Kretser II, CMG was a Ceylonese judge. He was a Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. Born to Oswald Leslie De Kretser I a District Engineer of Public Works Department, Ceylon; he was educated at the Royal College, Colombo. In 1905 he became an Advocate of the Supreme Court of Ceylon and began his legal practice. In 1924 he became the District Judge of Batticaloa, District Judge Chilaw in 1925, served in the Judicial Service Commission in 1935. In 1936 he served as the Additional District Judge Colombo and Acting District Judge Jaffna as well as Acting Solicitor General. He was also the Commissioner of Assize in Negombo, Kalutara, Ratnapura and Jaffna. In 1938 he was made an acting puisne justice and retired from the Supreme Court in 1945. For his service he was made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George. He married Ruby Irene Leah Shirley Thomasz. One of his sons, Oswald Leslie De Kretser III also became a judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon.

text:
# Oswald Leslie De Kretser II

**Oswald Leslie De Kretser II**, CMG (7 June 1882 – 11 November 1959) was a Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) judge. He was a Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Ceylon.

Born to Oswald Leslie De Kretser I a District Engineer of Public Works Department, Ceylon; he was educated at the Royal College, Colombo. In 1905 he became an Advocate of the Supreme Court of Ceylon and began his legal practice.

In 1924 he became the District Judge of Batticaloa, District Judge Chilaw in 1925, served in the Judicial Service Commission in 1935. In 1936 he served as the Additional District Judge Colombo and Acting District Judge Jaffna as well as Acting Solicitor General. He was also the Commissioner of Assize in Negombo, Kalutara, Ratnapura and Jaffna. In 1938 he was made an acting puisne justice and retired from the Supreme Court in 1945. For his service he was made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George.

He married Ruby Irene Leah Shirley Thomasz. One of his sons, Oswald Leslie De Kretser III also became a judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon.

## InfoBox

| Oswald Leslie De Kretser II, CMG | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Ceylon | |
| **In office**
1938–1945 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 7 June 1882
Colombo, Ceylon |
| Died | Colombo, Ceylon
11 November 1959 |
| Nationality | Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) |
| Alma mater | Royal College Colombo,
University College, Colombo |
|  | |


title: Ottayan

abstract: Ottayan is a 1985 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by Crossbelt Mani and produced by N. Kesavan Nair. The film stars Ratheesh, Sathaar, Balan K. Nair, Ramu and Silk Smitha. The film has musical score by Guna Singh. The film faced negative criticism regarding execution of the story upon its release. A Malayalam softcore pornography film distributed in Kerala's main theatres, it features a rape and revenge storyline where the heroine's blouse is pulled off during a six-minute rape scene and the villain massages her breasts. It cost ₹1 million to make, made ₹1.2 million in two weeks until the censor board banned it.

text:
# Ottayan

***Ottayan*** is a 1985 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by Crossbelt Mani and produced by N. Kesavan Nair. The film stars Ratheesh, Sathaar, Balan K. Nair, Ramu and Silk Smitha. The film has musical score by Guna Singh.

The film faced negative criticism regarding execution of the story upon its release. A Malayalam softcore pornography film distributed in Kerala's main theatres, it features a rape and revenge storyline where the heroine's blouse is pulled off during a six-minute rape scene and the villain massages her breasts. It cost ₹1 million to make, made ₹1.2 million in two weeks until the censor board banned it.

## Plot

It is an action drama based on revenge. Ramesh an orphan is taken in by a poor family, he is an auto-driver. The girl in the family is constantly disturbed by two rich youngsters. Ramesh warns them off. Jilted they kidnap Ramesh's sister and rapes her, his sister stabs Suresh fatally and Suresh strangles her down before dying. Knowing the news, Ramesh comes first to the scene. Police seeing Ramesh at the crime scene arrests him.

Suresh's father is a Mafia boss, he is disturbed by the death of his eldest son Suresh. He wants to take revenge on the whole family and sends Jambu to extradite Ramesh from the prison to punish him personally. Injured, Ramesh escapes en route into the forest and reaches in front of a tribal fight master's hut. The police officer who was in charge gets punishment transfer to the nearby forest, which is operation area of the Mafia boss. Ramesh recuperates and learns tribal fighting style from the master. He falls in love with Rani, his master's daughter.

Jambu, who has to meet requirements of Arabian smugglers from the forest finds it hard with the presence of the police officer. He warns the police officer for raiding and taking over his materials. He later comes in with the Mafia boss' youngest son Sughu and rapes the Police officers wife and hangs her dead body in the forest and leaves the baby in the forest. Ramesh and Rani in their walkabout find the baby and fight off a tiger to save it and decide to look after the child. The Police officer who is in search of his family hears his child crying in the forest and follows it. Seeing Ramesh, he mistakes that Ramesh kidnapped his wife and child. Tribal master resolves the dispute and they look for his wife and find the body. Angered, he and Ramesh storm into the smugglers' camp and kill Sughu. Hearing this news, the Mafia boss is angered and decides to go all out on those who have wronged him. After a long fight the police officer, Ramesh, Rani and Khellappan's ragtag team captures them with accompanying police force.

Ramesh, who finds peace goes back into the jungle with Rani and the tribal master.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Guna Singh with lyrics by Bharanikkavu Sivakumar.

| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics | Length (m:ss) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Malarmizhiyude Chantham" | Lathika | Bharanikkavu Sivakumar |  |
| 2 | "Vaanam Thookum" | P. Jayachandran | Bharanikkavu Sivakumar |  |

## InfoBox

| Ottayan | |
| --- | --- |
| Poster | |
| Directed by | Velayudan Nair |
| Written by | Cheri Viswanath |
| Screenplay by | Cheri Viswanath |
| Produced by | Keshavan Nair |
| Starring | Ratheesh
Sathaar
Balan K. Nair
Silk Smitha |
| Cinematography | Cross Belt Mani |
| Music by | Guna Singh |
| Production
company | Rose Enterprises |
| Distributed by | Rose Enterprises |
| Release date | * 15 March 1985 (1985-03-15) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Malayalam |
| Budget | ₹1 million |
| Box office | ₹1.2 million |


title: Outros Lugares

abstract: Outros Lugares is the first album by the Portuguese music composer António Pinho Vargas. It was released in 1983.

text:
# Outros Lugares

***Outros Lugares*** is the first album by the Portuguese music composer António Pinho Vargas. It was released in 1983.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Jardim do Passeio Alegre" |  |
| 2. | "Uma Já Antiga" |  |
| 3. | "Sonho de Peixe" |  |
| 4. | "Incoerências e Contra-sensos" |  |
| 5. | "Dinky Toys" |  |
| 6. | "Alentejo, Alentejo" |  |
| 7. | "Mister R.K." |  |
| 8. | "Quedas de Água" |  |
| 9. | "Pas Mal" |  |
| 10. | "Risos" |  |
| 11. | "Cantiga Para Amigos" |  |

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Outros Lugares | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by António Pinho Vargas | |
| Released | 1983 |
| Genre | Jazz |
| António Pinho Vargas chronology | |
| ***Outros Lugares***
(1983) *Cores e Aromas*
(1985) | |


title: Outgert Ariss Akersloot

abstract: Outgert Arisz Akersloot (1576–1649), was a Dutch Golden Age silversmith. He was a member of the Haarlem regency from 1618 to 1649. From 17 January 1625 to 3 May 1628, he was a member of the Admiralty of Amsterdam. His portrait was painted as Lieutenant of the Haarlem Cluveniers civic guard by Frans Hals in The Banquet of the Officers of the St Adrian Militia Company in 1627. He became commissioner of the Haarlem Guild of St. Luke in 1631. His son Willem Outgertsz Akersloot became a printmaker and made an engraving of his father aged 44 in 1620 that shows a bit more hair than he had in 1627.

text:
# Outgert Ariss Akersloot

**Outgert Arisz Akersloot** (1576–1649), was a Dutch Golden Age silversmith.

He was a member of the Haarlem regency from 1618 to 1649. From 17 January 1625 to 3 May 1628, he was a member of the Admiralty of Amsterdam. His portrait was painted as Lieutenant of the Haarlem Cluveniers civic guard by Frans Hals in The Banquet of the Officers of the St Adrian Militia Company in 1627.

He became commissioner of the Haarlem Guild of St. Luke in 1631.

His son Willem Outgertsz Akersloot became a printmaker and made an engraving of his father aged 44 in 1620 that shows a bit more hair than he had in 1627.


title: Otto Pankok

abstract: Otto Pankok was a German painter, printmaker, and sculptor.

text:
# Otto Pankok

**Otto Pankok**  (6 June 1893  10 October 1966) was a German painter, printmaker, and sculptor.

## Biography

Pankok was born in Mülheim on the Ruhr. In 1912 he began his formal training as an artist at the Art Academies in Düsseldorf and Weimar. After only a few months he left the Weimar Academy, where his teachers were Fritz Mackensen and Albin Egger-Lienz, and went on a study trip to the Netherlands with Werner Gilles. Afterwards (1914), he spent two months in Paris, where he attended the Académie russe and the Académie de la Grande Chaumière. Between 1914 and 1917 he was a soldier in France in World War I.

Returning to Düsseldorf in 1919, he was a founder of the "Junge Rheinland" (Young Rhineland) group. With Otto Dix, Gert Heinrich Wollheim, and Adolf Uzarski, among others, he was one of the painters championed by the art dealer Johanna Ey. In 1921 he married the journalist Hulda Droste and their daughter Eva was born in 1925.

When Hitler came to power in 1933, Pankok was declared a degenerate artist. Subsequently, 56 of his pictures were seized from museums, some of which were included in the infamous exhibition *Entartete Kunst* (Degenerate Art), mounted by the Nazis in Munich in 1937.

Following the war (from 1947 to 1958) he was a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts in Düsseldorf, where Günter Grass, Gotthard Graubner and Günther Uecker were among his students.

After retirement, he moved to Haus Esselt in Drevenack, where after his death a selection from his work with archive was set up in a museum showing. Except in the years of the Nazi regime, Pankok traveled extensively and painted on his journeys. He died in Wesel.

## Work

Pankok's works are typically large monochrome paintings. He also created an extensive body of graphic work, notably woodcuts and monotypes. Pankok's pictures show humans, animals and landscapes, realistically and expressively, often depicting people at the edge of society. Pankok also created over 200 (mostly small scale) bronze sculptures. From 1924 to 1933 Pankok regularly contributed portrait drawings to the Düsseldorf daily newspaper "Der Mittag".

Particularly notable are the pictures of Roma and Sinti he had befriended in the late 1920s in Düsseldorf. They also modelled for him during 1931 to 1934 for a series of 60 pictures showing Christ's passion, a book version of which was printed but had to be immediately destroyed before it could be sold. The book was reissued after the war.

* Barron, Stephanie, ed. (1991). *"Degenerate Art:' The Fate of the Avant-Garde in Nazi Germany*. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. ISBN 0-8109-3653-4
* Axel Feuß, "Pankok, Otto", in *Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon*, edited by Andreas Beyer, Bénédicte Savoy and Wolf Tegethoff. Vol. 94. Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter, 2016, pp. 253–254.

## InfoBox

| Otto Pankok | |
| --- | --- |
| Portrait of Otto Pankok, by Adalbert Trillhaase | |
| Born | (1893-06-06)6 June 1893<br>Mülheim |
| Died | 10 October 1966(1966-10-10) (aged 73) |
| Nationality | German |
| Known for | Painting, printmaking and sculpture |


title: Otto Peltzer (politician)

abstract: Otto Peltzer was a German American politician, author, and playwright. Born in Prussia, Peltzer immigrated with his family when he was a child and came alone to Chicago, Illinois in 1850. There, he rose through the ranks of the department of public works, eventually becoming deputy recorder of Chicago. He served one term in the Illinois House of Representatives. In his free time, Peltzer translated and wrote works of stage.

text:
# Otto Peltzer (politician)

**Otto Peltzer** (November 29, 1836 – January 17, 1919) was a German American politician, author, and playwright. Born in Prussia, Peltzer immigrated with his family when he was a child and came alone to Chicago, Illinois in 1850. There, he rose through the ranks of the department of public works, eventually becoming deputy recorder of Chicago. He served one term in the Illinois House of Representatives. In his free time, Peltzer translated and wrote works of stage.

## Biography

Otto Peltzer was born on November 29, 1836, in Stolberg, Prussia. In 1849, his family immigrated to the United States and established a farm in Wisconsin. When Peltzer was thirteen, he moved to Chicago, Illinois and took a position in the Chicago recorder's office. In 1857, he decided to pursue a career in law, but abandoned the efforts three years later. Peltzer then became chief draughtsman of the board of public works, where he supervised the dock surveys of the Chicago River and compiled the city atlases. In 1869, he was elected collector of taxes of northern Chicago.

In 1871, the Great Chicago Fire destroyed all records of the city and county, so Peltzer quickly published the *Atlas of Chicago*, organized from his personal collection. In 1872, he was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives as a Liberal Republican, where he served one two-year term. He introduced bills for compulsory education, for a state board of health, and for licensing for surveyors, physicians, and pharmacists. He returned to the board of public works after his term, then was named deputy recorder in December 1876. In April 1878, he resigned and opened a title and abstract office as Otto Peltzer & Co.

In his free time, Peltzer enjoyed writing, particularly for stage works. In 1868, he translated the "Masons' Lord's Prayer" into English, which became a popular recital at Freemasonry meetings. He translated Karl Gutzkow's *Uriel Acosta*, a tragedy about the life of Uriel da Costa, which played for several weeks at Crosby's Opera House. Florenz Ziegfeld, Sr., who ran the Chicago Musical College, produced one of his dramatic ballads. One of his dramas of domestic life was performed at McVicker's Theater. In 1887, he founded *The Moralist and the Theatre* periodical.

Peltzer married Annie Langden in 1861. They had four children, one son and three daughters: Oscar E., Lottie, Laura, and Louise. He died on January 17, 1919, in Oak Park, Illinois.

## InfoBox

| Otto Peltzer | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Illinois House of Representatives
from the 6th district | |
| **In office**
1872 (1872)–1874 (1874) | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | November 29, 1836
Stolberg, Prussia |
| Died | January 17, 1919(1919-01-17) (aged 82)
Oak Park, Illinois |
| Political party | Liberal Republican |
| Residence | Chicago, Illinois |
| Profession | Tax collector, playwright |
|  | |


title: Otto Rauhala

abstract: Otto Rauhala is a Finnish professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing for Tappara of the Finnish Liiga. Rauhala's role is mostly being the stocky Harri Kirvesniemi-like bulldog. Rauhala made his Liiga debut playing with Tappara during the 2013-14 Liiga season.

text:
# Otto Rauhala

**Otto Rauhala** (born 12 April 1995) is a Finnish professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing for Tappara of the Finnish Liiga. Rauhala's role is mostly being the stocky Harri Kirvesniemi-like bulldog.

Rauhala made his Liiga debut playing with Tappara during the 2013-14 Liiga season.

## InfoBox

| Otto Rauhala | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born | (1995-04-12) 12 April 1995<br>Ylöjärvi, Finland | | |
| Height | 5 ft 10 in (178 cm) | | |
| Weight | 198 lb (90 kg; 14 st 2 lb) | | |
| Position | Forward | | |
| Shoots | Left | | |
| Liiga team | *Tappara* | | |
| NHL draft | Undrafted | | |
| Playing career | 2013present | | |


title: Oyumino Station

abstract: .mw-parser-output.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output.infobox.navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva.mw-parser-output.infobox-header,body.skin-minerva.mw-parser-output.infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva.mw-parser-output.infobox-above,body.skin-minerva.mw-parser-output.infobox-title,body.skin-minerva.mw-parser-output.infobox-image,body.skin-minerva.mw-parser-output.infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva.mw-parser-output.infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night.mw-parser-output.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os.mw-parser-output.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive.mw-parser-output.infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive.mw-parser-output.infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive.mw-parser-output.infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive.mw-parser-output.infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive.mw-parser-output.infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive.mw-parser-output.infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}} Oyumino Station is a railway station operated by the Keisei Electric Railway located in Midori-ku, Chiba Japan. It is 8.8 kilometers from the terminus of the Keisei Chihara Line at Chiba-Chūō Station.

text:
# Oyumino Station

**Oyumino Station** (おゆみ野駅, *Oyumino-eki*) is a railway station operated by the Keisei Electric Railway located in Midori-ku, Chiba Japan. It is 8.8 kilometers from the terminus of the Keisei Chihara Line at Chiba-Chūō Station.

## History

Oyumino Station was opened on 1 April 1995.

Station numbering was introduced to all Keisei Line stations on 17 July 2010. Oyumino was assigned station number KS64.

## Lines

## Layout

Oyumino Station has two elevated opposed side platforms, with a station building underneath. However, only one of the platforms is in use.

### Platforms

| **1** | Keisei Chihara Line | Keisei-TsudanumaChiba-Chūō |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **2** | Keisei Chihara Line | unused |

35°33′00″N 140°09′59″E / 35.5499°N 140.1663°E / 35.5499; 140.1663

## InfoBox

| KS64
Oyumino Station
おゆみ野駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| Oyumino Station | |
| General information | |
| Location | 3-27-1 Oyumino-Nishi, Midori, Chiba, Chiba
（千葉県千葉市緑区おゆみ野南3-27-1）
Japan |
| Operated by | Keisei Electric Railway |
| Line(s) | KS Keisei Chihara Line |
| Other information | |
| Station code | KS64 |
| History | |
| Opened | 1995 |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| 2009 | 4,060 daily |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Keisei Following station  GakuemmaeKS63towards Chiba-Chūō  Chihara Line  ChiharadaiKS65Terminus | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Oyumiğde, Çubuk

abstract: Oyumiğde is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Çubuk, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 101 (2022).

text:
# Oyumiğde, Çubuk

**Oyumiğde** is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Çubuk, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 101 (2022).

## InfoBox

| Oyumiğde | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| OyumiğdeLocation in TurkeyOyumiğdeOyumiğde (Turkey Central Anatolia) | |
| Coordinates: 40°19′N 33°14′E / 40.317°N 33.233°E / 40.317; 33.233 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Ankara |
| District | Çubuk |
| Population (2022) | 101 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Oxford Ring Road

abstract: The Oxford Ring Road circles the city of Oxford, England. It is a dual carriageway ring road for most of its length apart from a short section between Woodstock Road and Banbury Road in the north of the city. The severe restrictions on traffic in Oxford city centre mean that it is the only practical way for long-distance traffic to get past Oxford, especially as there are few road bridges over the rivers Isis and Cherwell. Five Park and Rides are close to the ring road.

text:
# Oxford Ring Road

The **Oxford Ring Road** circles the city of Oxford, England. It is a dual carriageway ring road for most of its length apart from a short section between Woodstock Road and Banbury Road in the north of the city. The severe restrictions on traffic in Oxford city centre mean that it is the only practical way for long-distance traffic to get past Oxford, especially as there are few road bridges over the rivers Isis and Cherwell. Five Park and Rides are close to the ring road.

## Junctions list

| **Oxford Ring Road** | |
| --- | --- |
| exits |
| **Woodstock Road** |
| A34 North, A44 |
| **A40** |
| A4144 (Woodstock Road South), A40 West |
| A4165 (Banbury Road) |
| B4150 (Marsh Lane), Marston |
| **A4142** |
| A40 East, A420, Headington, (Headington Roundabout) |
| Kiln Lane, Beaumont Road |
| Horspath Driftway |
| Horspath Road |
| B480 (Garsington Road) |
| Sandy Lane West (Clockwise Access Only) |
| A4158 (Littlemore Roundabout) |
| A4074, Superstore |
| **A423** |
| A4144 (Kennington Roundabout) |
| Kennington Road (Clockwise Access Only) |
| Abingdon Road (Anti-Clockwise Access Only) |
| **A34** |
| A34 South, Hinksey Hill |
| South Hinksey |
| Westminster Way (Clockwise Access Only), North Hinksey Lane (Anti-Clockwise Access Only) |
| Stanley Close (Anti-Clockwise Access Only) |
| A420, (Botley Interchange) |
| Unnumbered Road to Wytham (Clockwise Access Only) |

## Description

* The western section (about 6 miles (10 km); "Southern and Western By-pass roads") is part of the A34.
* To the north, the connection to complete the ring (under 1 mile (1.6 km) in total) includes a short section of the A40 ("Sunderland Avenue"; this is the only part that is not a dual carriageway) and a short section of the A44 ("Woodstock Road").
* The north-eastern section (about 4 miles (6 km);"Elsfield Way; Northern By-pass Road; North Way") is part of the A40.
* The south-eastern section (about 4 miles (6 km); "Eastern By-pass Road") is the A4142.
* The southern section (about 1 mile (1.6 km); part of "Southern By-pass Road") is designated as the A423, something of an anomaly since the continuation of the A423 southwards was renumbered as the A4074, and the continuation northwards as far as Banbury as the A4260, when the M40 motorway was opened.

## History

The north-eastern section, from Headington to Banbury Road, is the oldest part of the Oxford Ring Road. It was built in the mid-1930s and is part of the A40.

In 1938 the southern part of the western section was opened from the bottom of Hinksey Hill to Botley. The road was known as the "road to nowhere" and little used at that time. In 1962 it was extended north by a new bridge over the River Thames to Wolvercote, and the whole western section then became part of the A34. It was dualled in 1973.

The south-eastern section between Headington and Rose Hill was opened in 1959. The southern section between Hinksey Hill and Heyford Hill, including the new Isis Bridge over the River Thames, was opened in 1965. The ring road was completed when the short section between Rose Hill and Heyford Hill was opened in 1966.

The ring road has suffered major problems in recent years as housing developments are built next to the ring road leading to more traffic light intersections and roadworks. The latest traffic intersection on the Barton Park development, which opened in 2017, brings the total number of traffic light intersections on the ring road to 22.

## Future

In 2023, Oxfordshire County Council plans to rebuild the Kennington Bridge due to degradation of the bridge deck bearings, which due to the bridge design, cannot easily be replaced. The rebuilding process involves several utility diversions and also building over a major railway line and two Thames tributaries

51°47′04″N 1°15′02″W / 51.7844°N 1.2505°W / 51.7844; -1.2505


title: Oškinis BRO-11

abstract: The Oškinis BRO-11 was a primary glider designed in the USSR. It was produced in large numbers from the 1950s.

text:
# Oškinis BRO-11

The **Oškinis BRO-11** was a primary glider designed in the USSR. It was produced in large numbers from the 1950s.

## Design and development

The Oškinis BRO-11 was a simple, single-seat primary glider in the open girder style exemplified by the pre-war SG 38 Schulgleiter. It was more refined, with slotted ailerons and somewhat better-protected seating.

Its high wing, mounted on top of the fuselage girder, was rectangular in plan and built around a single, wooden spar with plywood skin ahead of it, forming a torsion-resistant D-box, and fabric covering behind. The wing was braced to the bottom fuselage beam with a single strut on each side, assisted by drag wires from the nose. Narrow and very high aspect ratio ailerons were hung behind and below the whole trailing edge, leaving a slot between wing and aileron.

The wing of the original production model, named Pionier, Lithuanian for Pioneer (or Pionerius, the plural) had a span of 7.58 m (24 ft 10 in) and an area of 10.5 m2 (113 sq ft). The later Zylė (Tit), alternatively known as the **LAK-2**, had a slightly larger wing with a span of 7.80 m (25 ft 7 in) and an area of 11.8 m2 (127 sq ft), improving the glide ratio a little.

The forward part of the fuselage was a wooden beam which extended aft to end under the wing trailing edge. At the nose there was a simple, semi-circular enclosure formed from two single-curvature surfaces. This gave the pilot, seated just under the leading edge, some protection from the wind, though not for his upper body or sides. The same beam was attached to the wing with an N-form cross-member and also carried the forward end of the horizontal upper fuselage member. The rear lower member ran upwards to meet the upper one at the tail. In addition, they were interconnected at mid-fuselage by a pair of vertical and diagonal struts. Immediately ahead of the tail the fuselage was fabric covered, though not elsewhere.

Both variants had triangular tailplanes mounted on the upper frame with elevators which were rectangular in plan apart from a cut-out for rudder movement. Their little, triangular fins carried rather angular, quadrilateral rudders.

The fuselages of the Pionier and Zylė differed only in their landing gear. The Pionier landed on the underside of the forward beam but the Zylė had a monowheel semi-recessed into its beam below the forward wing and a short nose skid.

## Operational history

The BRO-11 Pionier was very widely used across the DOSAAF; some 2000 were built between about 1955 and 1960. The date of the first flight of the Zile is not known exactly but was about 1968. Production began in mid-1969 and ended in 1979. Production numbers for this variant are not known.

## Variants

BRO-11 Pionier(ius)Original design, first flown in 1954 and some 2000 built in the later 1950s. BRO-11M (LAK-2) ZylėLarger wing and a landing wheel. Production by Lietuviškos Aviacinės Konstrukcijos (Lithuanian Aero-Construction, LAK) from 1969-79.

## Operators

## Aircraft on display

## Specifications (BRO-11M Zylė)

*Data from* Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1984-5

**General characteristics**

* **Crew:** One
* **Length:** 5.16 m (16 ft 11 in)
* **Wingspan:** 7.80 m (25 ft 7 in)
* **Height:** 2.50 m (8 ft 2 in)
* **Wing area:** 11.80 m2 (127.0 sq ft)
* **Aspect ratio:** 5.05
* **Empty weight:** 65 kg (143 lb)
* **Max takeoff weight:** 125 kg (276 lb)

**Performance**

* **Stall speed:** 31 km/h (19 mph, 17 kn)
* **Maximum glide ratio:** 12
* **Rate of sink:** 1.0 m/s (200 ft/min) minimum

## InfoBox

| BRO-11 | |
| --- | --- |
| Role | Primary glider |
| National origin | USSR |
| Designer | Bronius Oškinis |
| First flight | 1954 |
| Primary user | DOSAAF |
| Number built | Over 2000 |


title: Oševljek

abstract: Oševljek is a settlement southeast of Renče in the Municipality of Renče–Vogrsko in the Littoral region of Slovenia. In 2002, Oševljek had a population of 187.

text:
# Oševljek

**Oševljek** (pronounced \[ɔˈʃeːu̯ljɛk\]) is a settlement southeast of Renče in the Municipality of Renče–Vogrsko in the Littoral region of Slovenia. In 2002, Oševljek had a population of 187.

## Name

The name *Oševljek* (locally: *Oševk*) is derived from **olьševikъ* 'alder woods', referring to the local vegetation. Related names include *Olševek*, *Oševek*, and *Viševek* (reshaped through folk etymology).

## InfoBox

| Oševljek | |
| --- | --- |
| OševljekLocation in Slovenia | |
| Coordinates: 45°52′50.29″N 13°41′43.13″E / 45.8806361°N 13.6953139°E / 45.8806361; 13.6953139 | |
| Country | Slovenia |
| Traditional region | Littoral |
| Statistical region | Gorizia |
| Municipality | Renče–Vogrsko |
| Area | |
| Total | 3.86 km2 (1.49 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 68.8 m (225.7 ft) |
| Population (2002) | |
| Total | 187 |
|  | |


title: Outside Looking In (song)

abstract: "Outside Looking In" is the debut single by American singer Jordan Pruitt. It was recorded for the Disney Channel Original Movie Read It and Weep in 2006. While there was no soundtrack album for the film, the song released as a single to promote it. The song is also included on Pruitt's debut album No Ordinary Girl. The song debuted at number 77 on the Billboard Hot 100 in mid-February 2007, the highest debut of that week. Although it was Pruitt's first single to be released, it was her second single to chart on the Billboard Hot 100, the first being "Jump to the Rhythm".

text:
# Outside Looking In (song)

"**Outside Looking In**" is the debut single by American singer Jordan Pruitt. It was recorded for the Disney Channel Original Movie *Read It and Weep* in 2006. While there was no soundtrack album for the film, the song released as a single to promote it. The song is also included on Pruitt's debut album *No Ordinary Girl*.

The song debuted (and ultimately peaked) at number 77 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 in mid-February 2007, the highest debut of that week. Although it was Pruitt's first single to be released, it was her second single to chart on the *Billboard* Hot 100, the first being "Jump to the Rhythm".

## Music video

The video begins with kids and teachers getting ready to take the class picture together. They also take pictures individually. It shows clips in between of people being left out of the crowd and Pruitt singing. It also shows Kay Panabaker, the star of *Read It and Weep*, not smiling at pictures and a groups of kids staring at her sitting at a desk. At the end, all the kids get invited to be in the group. The last scene is them taking the class photo.

## Versions & Covers

In early 2007, Pruitt released a Spanish version called "Siempre desde afuera". This song was also covered by Amanda Todd on YouTube before her death. The video came to Pruitt's attention, whereupon she uploaded a tribute video to Todd on her YouTube account.

## Chart performance

The song debuted on the *Billboard* Hot 100 chart of February 24, 2007, at number 77.

## Charts

| Chart (2007) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| U.S. *Billboard* Hot 100 | 77 |
| U.S. *Billboard* Pop 100 | 62 |

## InfoBox

| "Outside Looking In" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Jordan Pruitt | |
| from the album  *No Ordinary Girl and soundtrack of Read It and Weep* | |
| Released | June 2006 |
| Recorded | 2006 |
| Length | 2:54 |
| Label | Hollywood |
| Songwriter(s) | Jordan Pruitt, Keith Thomas, Robin Scoffield |
| Jordan Pruitt singles chronology | |
| "**Outside Looking In**"
(2006) "We Are Family"
(2006) | |


title: PHOX2A

abstract: Paired mesoderm homeobox protein 2A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PHOX2A gene.

text:
# PHOX2A

**Paired mesoderm homeobox protein 2A** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *PHOX2A* gene.

## Function

The protein encoded by this gene contains a paired-like homeodomain most similar to that of the Drosophila aristaless gene product. This protein is expressed specifically in noradrenergic cell types. It regulates the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine beta-hydroxylase, two catecholaminergic biosynthetic enzymes essential for the differentiation and maintenance of noradrenergic phenotype. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal recessive congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM2).

## Interactions

PHOX2A has been shown to interact with HAND2.

## Further reading

*This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.*

## InfoBox

| PHOX2A | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | PHOX2A, ARIX, CFEOM2, FEOM2, NCAM2, PMX2A, paired like homeobox 2a | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 602753; MGI: 106633; HomoloGene: 31296; GeneCards: PHOX2A; OMA:PHOX2A - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_005169   NM\_008887   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_005160   NP\_032913   Location (UCSC) Chr 11: 72.24 – 72.25 Mb Chr 7: 101.47 – 101.47 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: PEN New England Award

abstract: The PEN New England Award is awarded annually by PEN New England to honor a New England author or book with a New England setting or subject. The award was established in 1975 by The Boston Globe in conjunction with PEN to honor the veteran Boston Globe editor Laurence L. Winship. Since 2005, the award has been presented in three categories: fiction, non-fiction, and poetry with each winner receiving $1,000. For one year in 2012, the award was called the Laurence L. & Thomas Winship/PEN New England Award in honor of father and son, Thomas Winship, both long-time Boston Globe editors. It was renamed to simply PEN New England Award starting with the 2013 award. The award presentation is sponsored in part by the JFK Presidential Library. The award is one of many PEN awards sponsored by International PEN affiliates in over 145 PEN centres around the world.

text:
# PEN New England Award

The **PEN New England Award** (previously **L. L. Winship/PEN New England Award** and **Laurence L. & Thomas Winship/PEN New England Award**) is awarded annually by PEN New England (today PEN America Boston) to honor a New England author or book with a New England setting or subject. The award was established in 1975 by *The Boston Globe* in conjunction with PEN to honor the veteran *Boston Globe* editor Laurence L. Winship.

Since 2005, the award has been presented in three categories: fiction, non-fiction, and poetry with each winner receiving $1,000. For one year in 2012, the award was called the Laurence L. & Thomas Winship/PEN New England Award in honor of father and son, Thomas Winship, both long-time *Boston Globe* editors. It was renamed to simply PEN New England Award starting with the 2013 award.

The award presentation is sponsored in part by the JFK Presidential Library. The award is one of many PEN awards sponsored by International PEN affiliates in over 145 PEN centres around the world.

## Winners

### 1975-2004

**L. L. Winship/PEN New England Award** winners
| Year | Author | Title | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1975 | Andre Dubus | *Separate Flights* |  |
| 1976 | Claude-Anne Lopez | *The Private Franklin: The Man and His Family* |  |
| 1977 | E. B. White | *Letters of E. B. White* |  |
| 1978 | Martha Saxton | *Louisa May Alcott: A Modern Biography* |  |
| 1979 | Abbott Lowell Cummings | *The Framed Houses of Massachusetts Bay, 1625-1725* |  |
| 1980 | Millicent Bell | *Marquand: An American Life* |  |
| 1981 | Estelle Jussim | *Slave to Beauty: The Eccentric Life and Controversial Career of F. Holland Day, Photographer, Publisher, Aesthete* |  |
| 1982 | William Sargent | *Shallow Waters: A Year on Cape Cod's Pleasant Bay* |  |
| 1983 | ? |  |  |
| 1984 | Bernd Heinrich | *In a Patch of Fireweed: A Biologist's Life in the Field* |  |
| 1985 | Susan Cheever | *Home Before Dark* |  |
| 1986 | Diana Korzenik | *Drawn to Art: A Nineteenth Century American Dream* |  |
| 1987 | Claudia Koonz | *Mothers in the Fatherland: Women, the Family and Nazi Politics* |  |
| 1988 | Susan Quinn | *A Mind of Her Own: The Life of Karen Horney* |  |
| 1989 | Jill Ker Conway | *The Road from Coorain* |  |
| 1990 | Tracy Kidder | *Among Schoolchildren* |  |
| 1991 | Mary Oliver | *House of Light* |  |
| 1992 | Nicholas Fox Weber | *Patron Saints: Five Rebels Who Opened America to a New Art, 1928-1943* |  |
| 1993 | Jack Beatty | *The Rascal King: Life and Times of James Michael Curley (1874-1958)* |  |
| 1994 | ? |  |  |
| 1995 | ? |  |  |
| 1996 | Jane Brox | *Here and Nowhere Else: Late Seasons of a Farm and Its Family* |  |
| 1997 | Jan Swafford | *Charles Ives: A Life With Music* |  |
| 1998 | Anita Shreve | *The Weight of Water* |  |
| 1999 | Donald Hall | *Without: Poems* |  |
| 2000 | John W. Dower | *Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II* |  |
| 2001 | Jay Wright | *Transfigurations: Collected Poems* |  |
| 2002 | Elizabeth McCracken | *Niagara Falls All Over Again* |  |
| 2003 | Adam Haslett | *You Are Not a Stranger Here: Stories* |  |
| 2004 | Joan Leegant | *An Hour in Paradise* |  |
| | Carlo Rotella | *Cut Time: An Education at the Fights* |  |

### 2005-present

PEN New England Award winners
| Year | Category | Author | Title | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2005 | Fiction | Jennifer Haigh | *Baker Towers* |  |
| | Non-fiction | Swanee Hunt | *This Was Not Our War: Bosnian Women Reclaiming the Peace* |  |
| | Poetry | Kevin Goodan | *In the Ghost-House Acquainted* |  |
| 2006 | Fiction | Edward J. Delaney | *Warp & Weft* |  |
| | Non-fiction | Leo Damrosch | *Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Restless Genius* |  |
| | Poetry | Stanley Kunitz | *The Wild Braid: A Poet Reflects on a Century in The Garden* |  |
| 2007 | Fiction | K. C. Frederick | *Inland* |  |
| | Non-fiction | Sebastian Junger | *A Death in Belmont* |  |
| | Poetry | Louise Glück | *Averno: Poems* |  |
| 2008 | Fiction | Rishi Reddi | *Karma and Other Stories* |  |
| | Non-fiction | Kristen Laine | *American Band: Music, Dreams, and Coming of Age in the Heartland* |  |
| | Poetry | Ann Killough | *Beloved Idea* |  |
| 2009 | Fiction | Margot Livesey | *The House on Fortune Street* |  |
| | Non-fiction | Patrick Tracey | *Stalking Irish Madness* |  |
| | Poetry | Nancy K. Pearson | *Two Minutes of Light* |  |
| 2010 | Fiction | Anne Sanow | *Triple Time* |  |
| | Non-fiction | Elyssa East | *Dogtown: Death and Enchantment in a New England Ghost Town* |  |
| | Poetry | Meg Kearney | *Home, Now* |  |
| 2011 | Fiction | Kermit Moyer | *The Chester Chronicles* |  |
| | Non-fiction | Jerald Walker | *Street Shadows: A Memoir of Race, Rebellion, and Redemption* |  |
| | Poetry | Charles Douthat | *Blue for Oceans* |  |
| 2012 | Fiction | Yannick Murphy | *The Call* |  |
| | Non-fiction | Mitchell Zuckoff | *Lost In Shangri-La* |  |
| | Poetry | Elizabeth Willis | *Address* |  |
| 2013 | Fiction | Heidi Julavits | *The Vanishers* |  |
| | Non-fiction | Bernd Heinrich | *Life Everlasting: The Animal Way of Death* |  |
| | Poetry | David Huddle | *Blacksnake at the Family Reunion* |  |
| 2014 | Fiction | Jennifer Haigh | *News from Heaven* |  |
| | Non-fiction | Doug Bauer | *What Happens Next?: Matters of Life and Death* |  |
| | Poetry | Karen Skolfield | *Frost in the Low Areas* |  |
| 2015 | Fiction | Carolyn Chute | *Treat Us Like Dogs and We Will Become Wolves* |  |
| | Non-fiction | Kevin Birmingham | *The Most Dangerous Book: The Battle for James Joyce’s Ulysees* |  |
| | Poetry | Wesley McNair | *The Lost Child* |  |
| 2016 | Fiction | Jim Shepard | *The Book of Aron* |  |
| | Non-fiction | Rinker Buck | *The Oregon Trail: A New American Journey* |  |
| | Poetry | Reginald Dwayne Betts | *Bastards of the Reagan Era* |  |
| 2017 | Fiction | Robin MacArthur | *Half Wild* |  |
| | Non-fiction | Matthew Desmond | *Evicted: Poverty and Profit in the American City* |  |
| | Poetry | David Rivard | *Standoff* |  |
| 2018 | No award | | |  |


title: William de Graham

abstract: William de Graham was an Anglo-Norman who received the lands of Abercorn and Dalkeith during the reign of David I, King of Scotland. He is known to have witnessed many charters as early as about 1127–1128, and is the first Graham known in Scotland.

text:
# William de Graham

**William de Graham** was an Anglo-Norman who received the lands of Abercorn and Dalkeith during the reign of David I, King of Scotland. He is known to have witnessed many charters as early as about 1127–1128, and is the first Graham known in Scotland.

## Citations

* Black, GF (1971) \[1946\]. *The Surnames of Scotland: Their Origin, Meaning, and History*. New York: The New York Public Library. ISBN 0-87104-172-3. OL 8346130M  via Open Library.
* Reaney, PH (1995). Wilson, RM (ed.). *A Dictionary of English Surnames* (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-8631464.


title: Phillips Gadabout

abstract: The Phillips Gadabout was one of a number of mopeds produced in the early 1960s by Phillips Cycles of Birmingham, England. The Gadabout was the more expensive model, boasting two-speed manual transmission and telescopic front fork suspension. The Gadabout had a pressed-steel frame, not unlike the German NSU Quickly whereas the more basic Phillips Panda, had a tubular bicycle-style frame. After Phillips Cycles became part of the Raleigh Industries/Tube Investments group, the Gadabout became a French Mótobecane Mobylette badged as a Phillips.

text:
# Phillips Gadabout

The **Phillips Gadabout** was one of a number of mopeds produced in the early 1960s by Phillips Cycles of Birmingham, England. The Gadabout was the more expensive model, boasting two-speed manual transmission and telescopic front fork suspension. The Gadabout had a pressed-steel frame, not unlike the German NSU Quickly whereas the more basic Phillips Panda, had a tubular bicycle-style frame. After Phillips Cycles became part of the Raleigh Industries/Tube Investments group, the Gadabout became a French Mótobecane Mobylette badged as a Phillips.


title: Minimally invasive procedure

abstract: Minimally invasive procedures encompass surgical techniques that limit the size of incisions needed, thereby reducing wound healing time, associated pain, and risk of infection. Surgery by definition is invasive, and many operations requiring incisions of some size are referred to as open surgery. Incisions made during open surgery can sometimes leave large wounds that may be painful and take a long time to heal. Advancements in medical technologies have enabled the development and regular use of minimally invasive procedures. For example, endovascular aneurysm repair, a minimally invasive surgery, has become the most common method of repairing abdominal aortic aneurysms in the US as of 2003. The procedure involves much smaller incisions than the corresponding open surgery procedure of open aortic surgery. Interventional radiologists were the forerunners of minimally invasive procedures. Using imaging techniques, radiologists were able to direct interventional instruments through the body by way of catheters instead of the large incisions needed in traditional surgery. As a result, many conditions once requiring surgery can now be treated non-surgically. Diagnostic techniques that do not involve incisions, puncturing the skin, or the introduction of foreign objects or materials into the body are known as non-invasive procedures. Several treatment procedures are classified as non-invasive. A major example of a non-invasive alternative treatment to surgery is radiation therapy, also called radiotherapy.

text:
# Minimally invasive procedure

**Minimally invasive procedures** (also known as **minimally invasive surgeries**) encompass surgical techniques that limit the size of incisions needed, thereby reducing wound healing time, associated pain, and risk of infection. Surgery by definition is invasive, and many operations requiring incisions of some size are referred to as *open surgery*. Incisions made during open surgery can sometimes leave large wounds that may be painful and take a long time to heal. Advancements in medical technologies have enabled the development and regular use of minimally invasive procedures. For example, endovascular aneurysm repair, a minimally invasive surgery, has become the most common method of repairing abdominal aortic aneurysms in the US as of 2003. The procedure involves much smaller incisions than the corresponding open surgery procedure of open aortic surgery.

Interventional radiologists were the forerunners of minimally invasive procedures. Using imaging techniques, radiologists were able to direct interventional instruments through the body by way of catheters instead of the large incisions needed in traditional surgery. As a result, many conditions once requiring surgery can now be treated non-surgically.

Diagnostic techniques that do not involve incisions, puncturing the skin, or the introduction of foreign objects or materials into the body are known as non-invasive procedures. Several treatment procedures are classified as non-invasive. A major example of a non-invasive alternative treatment to surgery is radiation therapy, also called radiotherapy.

## Medical uses

Minimally invasive procedures were pioneered by interventional radiologists who had first introduced angioplasty and the catheter-delivered stent. Many other minimally invasive procedures have followed where images of all parts of the body can be obtained and used to direct interventional instruments by way of catheters (needles and fine tubes), so that many conditions once requiring open surgery can now be treated non-surgically. A minimally invasive procedure typically involves the use of arthroscopic (for joints and the spine) or laparoscopic devices and remote-control manipulation of instruments with indirect observation of the surgical field through an endoscope or large scale display panel, and is carried out through the skin or through a body cavity or anatomical opening. Interventional radiology now offers many techniques that avoid the need for surgery.

By use of a minimally invasive procedure, a patient may require only an adhesive bandage on the incision, rather than multiple stitches or staples to close a large incision. This usually results in less infection, a quicker recovery time and shorter hospital stays, or allow outpatient treatment. However, the safety and effectiveness of each procedure must be demonstrated with randomized controlled trials. The term was coined by John E. A. Wickham in 1984, who wrote of it in *British Medical Journal* in 1987.

## Specific procedures

Many medical procedures are called minimally invasive; those that involve small incisions through which an endoscope is inserted, end in the suffix *-oscopy*, such as endoscopy, laparoscopy, arthroscopy. Other examples of minimally invasive procedures include the use of hypodermic injection, and air-pressure injection, subdermal implants, refractive surgery, percutaneous surgery, cryosurgery, microsurgery, keyhole surgery, endovascular surgery using interventional radiology (such as angioplasty or embolization), coronary catheterization, permanent placement of spinal and brain electrodes, stereotactic surgery, the Nuss procedure, radioactivity-based medical imaging methods, such as gamma camera, positron emission tomography and SPECT (single photon emission tomography). Related procedures are image-guided surgery, and robot-assisted surgery.

## Equipment

Special medical equipment may be used, such as fiber optic cables, miniature video cameras and special surgical instruments handled via tubes inserted into the body through small openings in its surface. The images of the interior of the body are transmitted to an external video monitor and the surgeon has the possibility of making a diagnosis, visually identifying internal features and acting surgically on them.

## Benefits

Minimally invasive surgery should have less operative trauma, other complications and adverse effects than an equivalent open surgery. It may be more or less expensive (for dental implants, a minimally invasive method reduces the cost of installed implants and shortens the implant-prosthetic rehabilitation time with four–six months). Operative time is longer, but hospitalization time is shorter. It causes less pain and scarring, speeds recovery, and reduces the incidence of post-surgical complications, such as adhesions and wound rupture. Some studies have compared heart surgery.

## Risks

Risks and complications of minimally invasive procedures are the same as for any other surgical operation, among the risks are: death, bleeding, infection, organ injury, and thromboembolic disease.

There may be an increased risk of hypothermia and peritoneal trauma due to increased exposure to cold, dry gases during insufflation. The use of surgical humidification therapy, which is the use of heated and humidified CO2 for insufflation, may reduce this risk.

## Invasive procedures

Sometimes the use of non-invasive methods is not an option, so that the next level of minimally invasive techniques are looked to. These include the use of hypodermic injection (using the syringe), an endoscope, percutaneous surgery which involves needle puncture of the skin, laparoscopic surgery commonly called *keyhole surgery*, a coronary catheter, angioplasty and stereotactic surgery.

### Open surgery

"Open surgery" is any surgical procedure where the incision made is enough to allow the surgery to take place. With tissues and structures exposed to the air, the procedure can be performed either with the unaided vision of the surgeon or with the use of loupes or microscopes. Some examples of open surgery used are for herniated disc commonly called a "slipped disc", and most types of cardiac surgery and neurosurgery.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Minimally invasive procedure | |
| --- | --- |
| Endovascular aneurysm repair - example of minimally invasive procedure | |
| MeSH | D019060 |
| eMedicine | 938198 |


title: Villar de Plasencia

abstract: Villar de Plasencia is a municipality located in the province of Cáceres, in the autonomous community of Extremadura, Spain. The municipality covers an area of 24.99 square kilometres (9.65 sq mi) and as of 2011 has a population of 243 people.

text:
# Villar de Plasencia

**Villar de Plasencia** is a municipality located in the province of Cáceres, in the autonomous community of Extremadura, Spain. The municipality covers an area of 24.99 square kilometres (9.65 sq mi) and as of 2011 has a population of 243 people.

## Geography and Climate

It is located on the western slope of a mountain range of the Region of Extremadura called Montes de Tras la Sierra. The climate is subtropical with an average annual temperature of 14.5°C. The native vegetation in the lower areas of the territory is a Mediterranean sclerophyllous forest made up mainly of holm oaks and cork oaks. It borders Guijo and Zarza de Granadilla to the west. Jarilla to the north, and Cabezabellosa and Oliva de Plasencia to the south and east.

## Origin and history

Villar de Plasencia is a municipality located in the Valle del Ambroz region, outside the Mancomunidad del Ambroz. Its history is deeply marked by the intersection of two important routes: the Roman Road, which linked the cities of Astorga and Mérida, and the Cañada Real de la Vizana, a transhumance route connecting the Asturian lakes with the lands of Badajoz. Both routes have played a pivotal role in the social, political, and economic evolution of the municipality over the centuries.

### Prehistory

The origins of Villar de Plasencia are lost in antiquity. Evidence of lithic industries in the region indicates sparse settlement during the Bronze Age, with residents dwelling in caves or temporary outdoor shelters. Not until the end of the third millennium and the beginning of the second millennium BC, during the Chalcolithic era, are there signs of some sedentism in the area near Villar de Plasencia.

During the Iron Age, small Vetton fortifications (framontanos) began to appear in the area. Remnants of a possible fortification of this type may be found near the Parish Church of Villar de Plasencia, a location that would allow control of the valley's passage and movements on the slopes.

### Roman era

The definitive Romanization of the Iberian Peninsula's west introduced the first urban nuclei, hierarchizing the Ambroz map around the Silver Route (Via de la Plata) and the branches connecting the older settlements of Galisteo and the pass at Puerto de Béjar. During this era, Cáparra, a stipendiary city of Lusitania, emerged, transforming the concept of territoriality in the region.

The foundational nucleus of what would become Villar de Plasencia is believed to have been a "villae," a type of Roman rural estate. The villae erected near the current railway station may have given the place its name and served as a reference for the city of Cáparra to control the water flowing through an aqueduct from the Nymph of Jarilla (Piedras Labradas) and the health baths of Salugral.

### Middle Ages

The Middle Ages ushered in a new era for Villar de Plasencia. With the Berber invasion, the Roman road infrastructure was adapted for pastoral uses, and surveillance points were established along the Plasencia fault. During this time, the Silver Route, now known as Balata and later Quinea (or Lindón, in the area), lost its status as an imperial highway, with the original Roman villae disappearing.

### 16th to 19th centuries

During the 16th and 17th centuries, the population of Villar de Plasencia grew slowly. During this period, the municipality's main economic activity was agriculture, particularly the cultivation of cereals and grapes.

In the 19th century, the passage of the War of Independence and the Carlist Wars through the region struck a harsh blow to the economy and population of Villar de Plasencia. However, the town managed to recover and began to develop again in the late 19th century, when the construction of the Palazuelo-Astorga railway line led to an increase in trade and economic activity.

### 20th and 21st centuries

The 20th century was a period of growth and modernization for Villar de Plasencia. Improvements in infrastructure and the creation of new public services contributed to improving the quality of life for its inhabitants.

In the 21st century, the municipality has focused on preserving its historical and cultural heritage, while seeking to promote tourism. The hiking routes along the Silver Route and the archaeological remains from the Roman and Medieval periods attract visitors from all over Spain and abroad.

## Heritage

The most significant monument of the town, the Parish of "Nuestra Señora de la Asunción" (Our Lady of Assumption), is situated on the plain of the church. This 16th-century building has various late Gothic influences and was sponsored by the Bishop of Plasencia in 1524, Vargas Carvajal, whose coat of arms is installed in the tower. Internally, the church is organized by a polygonal header and a long nave of three sections divided by semi-circular arches that rest on Gothic pillars and support a gabled wooden roof. The presbytery is roofed with beautiful Mudejar woodwork, decorated with latticework.

The town also preserves two Baroque hermitages, dedicated to its patron "San Bartolomé" (Saint Bartholomew) and "San Antonio de Padua" (Saint Anthony of Padua). The first one, made of masonry, consists of a nave and presbytery closed with a dome on pendentives. The second one is located next to a bridge built by the Bishop of Plasencia, José González Laso Santos de San Pedro, in 1792. Moreover, this town is the starting point of the royal road to Plasencia.

40°08′17″N 6°01′40″W / 40.13806°N 6.02778°W / 40.13806; -6.02778

## InfoBox

| Villar de Plasencia | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Villar de PlasenciaVillar de Plasencia | |
| Coordinates: 40°8′17″N 6°1′40″W / 40.13806°N 6.02778°W / 40.13806; -6.02778 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Extremadura |
| Province | Cáceres |
| Area | |
| Total | 25.2 km2 (9.7 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 470 m (1,540 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 234 |
| Density | 9.3/km2 (24/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Website | www.villardeplasencia.es |


title: Fred E. Lewis

abstract: Fred Ewing Lewis was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

text:
# Fred E. Lewis

**Fred Ewing Lewis** (February 8, 1865  June 27, 1949) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

## Early life and education

Fred Ewing Lewis was born in Allentown, Pennsylvania on February 8, 1865. He attended the Collegiate and Commercial Institute in New Haven, Connecticut, and Muhlenberg College in Allentown. After studying law, he was admitted to the bar in 1888, and began the practice of his profession in Allentown.

## Career

He served as Mayor of Allentown in 1896 and 1902. He organized and was president of the Merchants' National Bank and was president of the Dime Savings & Trust Co. in Allentown.

Lewis was elected as a Republican to the Sixty-third Congress. After his time in Congress, he resumed his profession and also engaged in banking.

He then served again as mayor of Allentown from 1932 to 1936.

## Death

Lewis died in Allentown on June 27, 1949, at age 84, and was interred in that city's Union-West End Cemetery.

## InfoBox

| Fred E. Lewis | |
| --- | --- |
| Lewis in December 1917 | |
|  | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania's at-large congressional district | |
| **In office**
March 4, 1913  March 3, 1915
Alongside: John M. Morin, Anderson H. Walters, Arthur R. Rupley | |
| Preceded by | *District established* |
| Succeeded by | John R.K. Scott, Thomas S. Crago, Daniel F. Lafean, Mahlon M. Garland |
| Mayor of Allentown, Pennsylvania | |
| **In office**
1896–1899 | |
| Preceded by | Henry Willard Allison |
| Succeeded by | James L. Schaadt |
| **In office**
1902–1905 | |
| Preceded by | James L. Schaadt |
| Succeeded by | Dr. Alfred J. Yost |
| **In office**
1932–1936 | |
| Preceded by | Malcolm W. Gross |
| Succeeded by | Malcolm W. Gross |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1865-02-08)February 8, 1865
Allentown, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | June 27, 1949(1949-06-27) (aged 84)
Allentown, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
|  | |


title: Nicole Riche

abstract: Nicole Rischmann, better known by her stage name of Nicole Riche, was a French stage and film actress. Riche was born in November 1925 in Villeneuve-le-Roi, France. In 1950 she starred in a French stage adaptation of No Orchids for Miss Blandish which a review in Carrefour called a masterpiece. Time described her performance as "two hours in panties and a bra, successfully pursued by drooling Gangster Slim Grisson". Riche disappeared between acts during one of the performances which was canceled and the audience was given their money back. A letter was found in her dressing room condemning her for appearing in an "immoral" production. She appeared two days later stating that she had been kidnapped, released and was found by gypsies in a woods. The story was dismissed by the police as "poppycock". She was suspended from the French Actor's Guild Council for her participation in the hoax. Her film credits include Mr. Peek-a-Boo (1951), La Reine Margot (1954) and Nana (1955). She died in May 1990 in Boulogne-Billancourt, France at the age of 64.

text:
# Nicole Riche

**Nicole Rischmann** (1 November 1925 – 26 May 1990), better known by her stage name of **Nicole Riche**, was a French stage and film actress.

Riche was born in November 1925 in Villeneuve-le-Roi, France. In 1950 she starred in a French stage adaptation of *No Orchids for Miss Blandish* which a review in *Carrefour* called a masterpiece. *Time* described her performance as "two hours in panties and a bra, successfully pursued by drooling Gangster Slim Grisson". Riche disappeared between acts during one of the performances which was canceled and the audience was given their money back. A letter was found in her dressing room condemning her for appearing in an "immoral" production. She appeared two days later stating that she had been kidnapped, released and was found by gypsies in a woods. The story was dismissed by the police as "poppycock" . She was suspended from the French Actor's Guild Council for her participation in the hoax.

Her film credits include *Mr. Peek-a-Boo* (1951), *La Reine Margot* (1954) and *Nana* (1955).

She died in May 1990 in Boulogne-Billancourt, France at the age of 64.

## Selected filmography


title: Man of Many Minds

abstract: Man of Many Minds is a science fiction novel by American writer E. Everett Evans. It was first published in 1953 by Fantasy Press in an edition of 3,558 copies. The book includes an introduction by E. E. Smith.

text:
# Man of Many Minds

***Man of Many Minds*** is a science fiction novel by American writer E. Everett Evans. It was first published in 1953 by Fantasy Press in an edition of 3,558 copies. The book includes an introduction by E. E. Smith.

## Plot introduction

The novel concerns the adventures of George Hanlon, a secret service agent who has the ability to read minds.

## Reception

P. Schuyler Miller gave the novel a negative review, saying "it won't stand up" against then-contemporary standards, though it might have been successful years earlier.

## Sources

* Chalker, Jack L.; Mark Owings (1998). *The Science-Fantasy Publishers: A Bibliographic History, 1923-1998*. Westminster, MD and Baltimore: Mirage Press, Ltd. p. 239.
* Clute, John; Peter Nicholls (1995). *The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction*. New York: St. Martin's Griffin. p. 393. ISBN 0-312-13486-X.
* Tuck, Donald H. (1974). *The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy*. Chicago: Advent. pp. 160–161. ISBN 0-911682-20-1.

## InfoBox

Man of Many Minds
| Dust-jacket from the first edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | E. Everett Evans |
| Cover artist | Mel Hunter |
| Language | English |
| Series | George Hanlan |
| Genre | Science fiction |
| Publisher | Fantasy Press |
| Publication date | 1953 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (Hardback) |
| Pages | 222 |
| OCLC | 1686182 |
| Followed by | *Alien Minds* |


title: Man of Me

abstract: "Man of Me" is a song written by Rivers Rutherford and George Teren and recorded by American country music artist Gary Allan. It was released in July 2001 as the first single from Allan's 2001 album Alright Guy. The song reached number 18 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

text:
# Man of Me

"**Man of Me**" is a song written by Rivers Rutherford and George Teren and recorded by American country music artist Gary Allan. It was released in July 2001 as the first single from Allan's 2001 album *Alright Guy*. The song reached number 18 on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

## Chart performance

| Chart (2001) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Hot Country Songs (*Billboard*) | 18 |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (*Billboard*) | 7 |

## InfoBox

| "Man of Me" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Gary Allan | |
| from the album  *Alright Guy* | |
| B-side | "Sorry" |
| Released | July 7, 2001 |
| Recorded | 2001 |
| Genre | Country |
| Length | 3:27 |
| Label | MCA Nashville |
| Songwriter(s) | Rivers Rutherford, George Teren |
| Producer(s) | Tony Brown, Mark Wright |
| Gary Allan singles chronology | |
| "Right Where I Need to Be"
(2000) "**Man of Me**"
(2001) "The One"
(2002) | |


title: Uchodze

abstract: Uchodze is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubień Kujawski, within Włocławek County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.

text:
# Uchodze

**Uchodze** \[uˈxɔd͡zɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubień Kujawski, within Włocławek County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.

## InfoBox

| Uchodze | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Uchodze | |
| Coordinates: 52°23′36″N 19°08′33″E / 52.39333°N 19.14250°E / 52.39333; 19.14250 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Kuyavian-Pomeranian |
| County | Włocławek |
| Gmina | Lubień Kujawski |


title: Malperia

abstract: Malperia is a North American plant genus in the tribe Eupatorieae within the family Asteraceae. There is only one known species, Malperia tenuis. This plant's common name is brown turbans or brownturbans. It is a rare plant native to the Sonoran Desert of the U.S. state of California and northwestern Mexico. This is a small annual with white or pinkish bell-shaped flowers. The name Malperia is based on an anagram of the last name of botanist Edward Palmer.

text:
# Malperia

***Malperia*** is a North American plant genus in the tribe Eupatorieae within the family Asteraceae.

There is only one known species, ***Malperia tenuis***. This plant's common name is **brown turbans** or **brownturbans**. It is a rare plant native to the Sonoran Desert of the U.S. state of California (Imperial and San Diego Counties) and northwestern Mexico (Sonora, Baja California, Baja California Sur). This is a small annual with white or pinkish bell-shaped flowers.

The name *Malperia* is based on an anagram of the last name of botanist Edward Palmer.

## InfoBox

| *Malperia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Subfamily: | Asteroideae |
| Tribe: | Eupatorieae |
| Genus: | *Malperia*
S.Watson |
| Species: | ***M. tenuis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Malperia tenuis***
S.Watson | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Hofmeisteria tenuis* (S.Wats.) I.M.Johnst. | |


title: Udagamandalam taluk

abstract: Udagamandalam taluk is a taluk of Nilgiris district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town named Udagamandalam

text:
# Udagamandalam taluk

11°25′N 76°42′E / 11.41°N 76.70°E / 11.41; 76.70 **Udagamandalam taluk** is a taluk of Nilgiris district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town named Udagamandalam

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Udagamandalam had a population of 191,797 with 93,639 males and 98,158 females. There were 1048 women for every 1000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 76.44. Child population in the age group below 6 was 7,489 Males and 7,530 Females. The Udhagmandalam Taluk Is The most populus Taluk and Largest Urbanized area of The Nilagiri District

1. "Provisional Population Totals - Tamil Nadu-Census 2011" (PDF). Census Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2013. Retrieved 4 July 2013.


title: Ukraine Is Not a Brothel

abstract: Ukraine Is Not a Brothel is a 2013 Australian documentary film directed by Kitty Green. The film debuted at the 70th Venice International Film Festival, although it was not part of the competition. The documentary concerns the FEMEN (Фемен) movement, a feminist protest group originating from Ukraine.

text:
# Ukraine Is Not a Brothel

***Ukraine Is Not a Brothel*** is a 2013 Australian documentary film directed by Kitty Green. The film debuted at the 70th Venice International Film Festival, although it was not part of the competition. The documentary concerns the FEMEN (Фемен) movement, a feminist protest group originating from Ukraine.

## Content

The film is a documentary on the activities of FEMEN, a Ukrainian feminist movement known for topless protests. The filmmaker Kitty Green followed the activists for over a year, in Ukraine, Belarus and Turkey. It documents the protests and the resulting harassments and arrests over a span of fourteen months. The film showcases the four activists who form the core of the film.

The documentary shows Viktor Sviatsky as a driving force of the group FEMEN. He is the manipulator of all the protests and, in essence, commander of the females.

The activists of FEMEN participated in the promotion of the documentary. They claimed that the situation in the film, i.e. under the leadership of Viktor Sviatsky, is actually part of the past, since he was ejected from the movement in 2012.

## Cast

The four principal women of FEMEN (Фемен):

## Release

The film was screened out of competition at the 70th Venice International Film Festival of Venice. At the festival photocall the activists appeared topless, as is usual for their protests

## Critical reception

Glenn Dunks and Christopher Schobert of *The Playlist* on IndieWire gave the film positive reviews.

### Accolades

On 9 September 2014, *Ukraine is Not a Brothel* won for the Best Feature Length Documentary by Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts, awarded at the 4th AACTA Awards at The Star Event Centre, Sydney, New South Wales in late January 2015

| Award | Category | Subject | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| AACTA Award
(4th) | Best Feature Length Documentary | Jonathan auf der Heide | Won |
| | | Michael Latham | Won |
| | | Kitty Green | Won |
| | Best Direction in a Documentary | Nominated |
| | Best Editing in a Documentary | Nominated |
| | Best Cinematography in a Documentary | Michael Latham | Nominated |
| | Best Sound in a Documentary | Doron Kipen | Nominated |
| | Jed Palmer | Nominated |
| | Best Original Music Score in a Documentary | Nominated |
| | Zoe Barry | Nominated |
|

## InfoBox

| Ukraine Is Not a Brothel | |
| --- | --- |
| Femen protest | |
| Directed by | Kitty Green |
| Produced by | Jonathan auf der Heide
Kitty Green
Michael Latham |
| Cinematography | Michael Latham |
| Edited by | Kitty Green |
| Music by | Zoe Barry
Jed Palmer |
| Production
company | Noise & Light |
| Release date |  |
| Running time | 78 minutes |
| Country | Australia |


abstract: The Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 protests were anti-government protests, forming part of the spillover clashes that took place in January 2020 resulting from the crackdown of the 2019 Iranian protests, which swept Iran in January 2020. The protests took place after it was revealed that Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 was shot down by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps of Iran, on the 8th of January 2020. The Boeing 737-800 operating the route was shot down shortly after takeoff from Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport; all 176 passengers and crew were killed. Initially, Iranian aviation authorities said that the plane crashed due to a technical error. However, investigation by western intelligence agencies later revealed the aircraft had been shot down by a Tor-M1 surface-to-air missile launched by Iran. Three days later, on 11 January, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps said they had shot down the aircraft after mistaking it for a cruise missile. Soon after, vigils held in Iran intended to pay respect to the victims turned into protests, first at universities in Tehran and then across other Iranian cities. Protests began at the Amirkabir University of Technology, with Iranians chanting "death to the dictator" and calling for Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei to leave the country. A government counter protest action painted Israeli and American flags on a planned protest march route, but protestors refused to walk on them. Pictures of Soleimani were torn down across Iran and protesters chanted, "Our enemy is right here; They lie to us [when they say] that it's America."

text:
# Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 protests

The **Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 protests** were anti-government protests, forming part of the spillover clashes that took place in January 2020 resulting from the crackdown of the 2019 Iranian protests, which swept Iran in January 2020. The protests took place after it was revealed that Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 was shot down by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps of Iran, on the 8th of January 2020.

The Boeing 737-800 operating the route was shot down shortly after takeoff from Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport; all 176 passengers and crew were killed. Initially, Iranian aviation authorities said that the plane crashed due to a technical error. However, investigation by western intelligence agencies later revealed the aircraft had been shot down by a Tor-M1 surface-to-air missile launched by Iran. Three days later, on 11 January, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps said they had shot down the aircraft after mistaking it for a cruise missile. Soon after, vigils held in Iran intended to pay respect to the victims turned into protests, first at universities in Tehran and then across other Iranian cities. Protests began at the Amirkabir University of Technology, with Iranians chanting "death to the dictator" and calling for Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei to leave the country.

A government counter protest action painted Israeli and American flags on a planned protest march route, but protestors refused to walk on them. Pictures of Soleimani were torn down across Iran and protesters chanted, "Our enemy is right here; They lie to us \[when they say\] that it's America."

## Background

Since the mid-2010s Iran has experienced a wave of civil unrest, including protests, strikes and civil disobedience, forming part of a wider ongoing Iranian Democracy Movement, with protests against the current government of the Islamic Republic constant. The 2019 wave of the Iranian Democracy Movement resulted in major protests that presented the largest challenge to the Iranian government since the 1978–1979 Iranian Revolution. Originally against government corruption and economic deficiency, these protests quickly grew as fuel prices increased by 200% in Iran and the aim of the protests broadened into calling for the overthrow of the current Iranian government. The Iranian government cracked down on these protests violently, resulting in the Mahrshahr Massacre in November 2019 and an internet outage that quelled the protests, though anger and dissent amongst the Iranian public continued to remain extremely high. According to *The New Yorker*, many Iranians carry an extremely nationalistic pride of their nation’s pre-Islamic history as well as its history under the Pahlavi dynasty. The International Crisis Group claims the Islamic Republic’s shooting down of the Ukrainian flight carrying Iranians enraged the nation’s nationalist population resulting in the widespread protest. The frequency of protests in Iran has rapidly increased in recent years due to government's mismanagement and corruption. Meanwhile the Iranian government's responses to protest have become considerably more violent.

## Timeline

Students at the Amirkabir University of Technology in Tehran where students issued a manifesto in the name of "the children of Iran" against the Iranian regime. Videos of the protest revealed police beatings, gunshots, blood over the floors, and the use of tear gas. Due to censorship of reporting in Iran, the full extent to which the government repressed the protests are largely unknown. Days of protests were followed by heavy police presence across Iran resulting in little signs of opposition.

Discontent has been growing in Iran with citizens increasingly displaying frustrations years prior to the protest. When regime representatives chant "Death to America" and "Death to Israel" Iranians have chanted "Death to Russia" and "Death to China" as a sign that they don't agree with the Islamic Republic's political views. On 11 January 2020, after Iranian authorities had stated that Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 had been shot down by Iranian military forces, killing all 176 passengers and flight personnel, two thousand people protested in Tehran, with chants including "Death to the dictator". Police used tear gas on the protestors. Officials reported that 82 Iranians among several other Iranians with dual citizenship were among the victims of the crash. Two hundred people protested in front of Amirkabir University of Technology. The protestors called for the Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei to resign, chanted "Death to the liars" and called "for the IRGC to leave the country". Protests also took place at the Sharif University of Technology and in Amol, Isfahan, Rasht, Sari, and Hamedan. Protesters chanted against the Revolutionary Guards, the Supreme Leader, and the entire political system of the Islamic Republic.

On 12 January, similar protests took place around Iran. In the morning, students gathered at the dormitories of the University of Tehran and chanted against the Supreme Leader. There were around 3,000 participants in the main demonstration in Tehran according to the *Iranian Labour News Agency*. In online social media videos posted in the evening of a location near Azadi Square in Tehran, there were sounds of gunshots, pools of blood on the ground, wounded people being carried and security personnel with rifles. Hossein Rahimi of the Tehran police stated the following day that police had "been given orders to show restraint" and didn't shoot during the protests. The Iranian daily *Etemad* wrote "Apologise and resign" in a banner headline. The Iranian president described the missile attack as an unforgivable error.

Protests continued in Tehran on 13 January, including 40 students at a Tehran university who chanted "They killed our elites and replaced them with clerics", in reference to the Iranian students who had died on flight UA752.

In the video surfacing on the internet, many Tehran university students openly refused to walk over the American and Israeli flags which was the symbol of the country’s foreign policy of anti-Americanism and anti-Zionism since the inception of the Islamic Republic. The flags had been painted on the road so that protesters would walk over them as they marched.

Several Iranian celebrities showed support of the protests by canceling planned events.

On 14 January, demonstrations took place in Iran for the fourth consecutive day. Students at various universities in Tehran, and other Iranian cities continued protesting against the regime and Ali Khamenei. At Amirkabir University of Technology, protesters and the Basij clashed violently. Students at the University of Tehran chanted "We will die to reclaim Iran" and "Death to the concept of a \[Supreme Leader\]".

On 15 January, students in Isfahan and other Iranian cities held their fifth day of protests, after the government of Ayatollah Khamenei admitted downing the Ukrainian passenger plane. Students held banners showing 1500+176 meaning 176 innocent passengers was added to the 1500 killed in November uprising.

On 16 January, protesters planned to head to the IRIB headquarters, however, due to a high persistence of the anti-riot police in the entire Valiasr Street which protesters planned to use as their main way to the headquarters, the demonstrations didn't take place. There was also a high persistence of police in several key points of the capital city of Tehran, to prevent any gatherings to form due to the funerals that took place for those dead in the UA752 flight, nevertheless, many mourners attended the funerals.

## Slogans and tactics

Protesters frequently chanted "The Supreme Leader is a murderer. His regime is obsolete", "Our enemy is right here; They lie to us \[when they say\] That it's America", "Death to the liars", "Clerics, get lost!", "Soleimani was a murderer, his Leader is also a murderer".

Banners and posters of the recently killed General Soleimani were torn down, burned, and stepped on by protesters.

## InfoBox

| Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 protests | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of the 2019–2020 Iranian protests | |
| Protesters at the Amirkabir University of Technology in the city of Tehran, 11 January 2020 | |
| Date | 11 January 2020 – 16 January 2020
(5 days) |
| Location | Iran |
| Caused by | Shootdown of Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 by Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps |
| Goals | Fall of the Islamic Republic government |
| Methods |  |
| Resulted in | Continued anti-government sentiment leading to the 2021–2022 Iranian protests and the 2022–2023 Mahsa Amini protests |
| Parties | |
|  | |
| Lead figures | |
| N/A
Ali Khamenei
Hassan Rouhani
Hossein Salami
Amir Ali Hajizadeh
 | |
| Casualties and losses | |
|  | |


title: Udea bryochloris

abstract: Udea bryochloris is a moth of the family Crambidae. It is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Maui. Adults are black and green.

text:
# Udea bryochloris

***Udea bryochloris*** is a moth of the family Crambidae. It is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Maui.

Adults are black and green.

* Zimmerman, Elwood C. (1958). *Insects of Hawaii*. Vol. 8 Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea. University of Hawaii Press. hdl:10125/7337.

## InfoBox

| *Udea bryochloris* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Udea* |
| Species: | ***U. bryochloris*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Udea bryochloris***<br>(Meyrick, 1899) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pyrausta bryochloris* Meyrick, 1899 * *Oeobia bryochloris* * *Notophytis bryochloris* | |


title: Udea caliginosalis

abstract: Udea caliginosalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Ragonot in 1894. It is found in the Russian Far East (Amur).

text:
# Udea caliginosalis

***Udea caliginosalis*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Ragonot in 1894. It is found in the Russian Far East (Amur).

## InfoBox

| *Udea caliginosalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Udea* |
| Species: | ***U. caliginosalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Udea caliginosalis***<br>(Ragonot, 1894) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Botys (Phlyctaenia) caliginosalis* Ragonot, 1894 | |


title: Manahi Nitama Paewai

abstract: Manahi Nitama Paewai, also known as Doc Paewai, was a New Zealand doctor, rugby player, local politician and community leader. A Māori from the Ngāti Kahungunu and Rangitāne iwi, he was born near Makirikiri Marae in Hawke's Bay. A Mormon, his second name Nitama was the Māori translation of Needham, as in Needham Lambert, who was the president of the New Zealand Mission of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. When he was four years old, Paewai's father Niki Paiwai was admitted to Utah State University, and so Paewai started school at the Woodruff School in Logan, Utah, and was baptized in Logan at age eight. They returned to New Zealand in 1929. Paewai attended Dannevirke High School before being admitted to the University of Otago. However, at that time there was extreme prejudice against Māori at Otago and he gave up his studies shortly after starting there to return to Tahoraiti, near Dannevirke. Shortly after, the LDS Church mission president at the time, Matthew Cowley, visited that location. On learning that Paewai had quit school, Cowley called him as a missionary, and then gave him his missionary assignment of returning to Otago University and completing his training as a doctor. Paewai graduated from Otago with a degree in medicine in 1945. In 1957, Paewai did advanced medical studies at the University of Utah. In New Zealand he is recognised as an important practitioner of public health policies by a doctor within the Māori community. In 1949, Paewai married Hineapa Meha. They became the parents of eight children. Paewai spent most of his adult life in Kaikohe. He was a community leader there and also served on the board of governors of Northland College. He also served on the advisory board of the Church College of New Zealand. Paewai also held many positions in the LDS Church. From 1984 to 1986, Nitami and Hineapa Paewai served as missionaries for the LDS Church in India, Malaysia and Singapore. In 1966, Paewai was made an Officer of the Order of St John. In the 1967 New Year Honours, he was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, for services to the Māori people in the Kaikohe district. Paewai's nephew, Albert Kewene, was the first Māori registered dentist. He was a candidate to stand as the Labour Party nominee at the 1963 Northern Maori by-election after the death of Tapihana Paraire Paikea.

text:
# Manahi Nitama Paewai

**Manahi Nitama Paewai** OBE OStJ (8 June 1920 – 10 October 1990), also known as **Doc Paewai**, was a New Zealand doctor, rugby player, local politician and community leader. A Māori from the Ngāti Kahungunu and Rangitāne iwi, he was born near Makirikiri Marae in Hawke's Bay.

A Mormon, his second name Nitama was the Māori translation of Needham, as in Needham Lambert, who was the president of the New Zealand Mission of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). When he was four years old, Paewai's father Niki Paiwai was admitted to Utah State University, and so Paewai started school at the Woodruff School in Logan, Utah, and was baptized in Logan at age eight. They returned to New Zealand in 1929.

Paewai attended Dannevirke High School before being admitted to the University of Otago. However, at that time there was extreme prejudice against Māori at Otago and he gave up his studies shortly after starting there to return to Tahoraiti, near Dannevirke. Shortly after, the LDS Church mission president at the time, Matthew Cowley, visited that location. On learning that Paewai had quit school, Cowley called him as a missionary, and then gave him his missionary assignment of returning to Otago University and completing his training as a doctor. Paewai graduated from Otago with a degree in medicine in 1945.

In 1957, Paewai did advanced medical studies at the University of Utah. In New Zealand he is recognised as an important practitioner of public health policies by a doctor within the Māori community.

In 1949, Paewai married Hineapa Meha. They became the parents of eight children. Paewai spent most of his adult life in Kaikohe. He was a community leader there and also served on the board of governors of Northland College. He also served on the advisory board of the Church College of New Zealand. Paewai also held many positions in the LDS Church. From 1984 to 1986, Nitami and Hineapa Paewai served as missionaries for the LDS Church in India, Malaysia and Singapore.

In 1966, Paewai was made an Officer of the Order of St John. In the 1967 New Year Honours, he was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, for services to the Māori people in the Kaikohe district. Paewai's nephew, Albert Kewene, was the first Māori registered dentist.

He was a candidate to stand as the Labour Party nominee at the 1963 Northern Maori by-election after the death of Tapihana Paraire Paikea.


title: Manahawkin Wildlife Management Area

abstract: Manahawkin Wildlife Management Area is a 1,642-acre (664 ha) wildlife management area near Manahawkin, Stafford Township, Ocean County, New Jersey. It was designated a National Natural Landmark in January 1976. It is known for its mature bottomland hardwood forest which contains examples of American sweetgum, red maple and black gum trees.

text:
# Manahawkin Wildlife Management Area

**Manahawkin Wildlife Management Area** (**Manahawkin Bottomland Hardwood Forest**) is a 1,642-acre (664 ha) wildlife management area near Manahawkin, Stafford Township, Ocean County, New Jersey. It was designated a National Natural Landmark in January 1976. It is known for its mature bottomland hardwood forest which contains examples of American sweetgum, red maple and black gum trees.

## InfoBox

| Manahawkin Wildlife Management Area | |
| --- | --- |
| Manahawkin Bottomland Hardwood Forest | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Stafford Township, Ocean County, New Jersey |
| Nearest city | Manahawkin |
| Coordinates | 39°41′08″N 74°13′18″W / 39.68559°N 74.22174°W / 39.68559; -74.22174 |
| Area | 1,642 acres (664 ha) |
| Governing body | New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife |
|  | |
| U.S. National Natural Landmark | |
| Designated | 1976 |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Oxyrhabdium

abstract: Oxyrhabdium is a genus of snakes of the family Cyclocoridae.

text:
# Oxyrhabdium

***Oxyrhabdium*** is a genus of snakes of the family Cyclocoridae.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Oxyrhabdium* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Oxyrhabdium leporinum* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Cyclocoridae |
| Genus: | *Oxyrhabdium*<br>Boulenger, 1893 |
|