title: Eusebius Andrews (Royalist)

abstract: Eusebius Andrews, December 1606 to 22 August 1650, was a London lawyer and Royalist during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, executed for his part in a 1650 plot to restore Charles II of England. A prominent supporter of the Crown since the early 1630s, he was a determined conspirator who organised a number of Royalist risings in Cambridgeshire between 1642 and 1650. One of his co-conspirators in the 1650 plot was a government agent and Andrews was arrested as he tried to escape to the Dutch Republic in March. Other participants included Sir John Gell, sentenced to life imprisonment then released in 1653. Andrews was beheaded on Tower Hill on 22 August; after the 1660 Stuart Restoration, he was commemorated as a Royalist martyr.

text:
# Eusebius Andrews (Royalist)

**Eusebius Andrews**, December 1606 to 22 August 1650, was a London lawyer and Royalist during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, executed for his part in a 1650 plot to restore Charles II of England. A prominent supporter of the Crown since the early 1630s, he was a determined conspirator who organised a number of Royalist risings in Cambridgeshire between 1642 and 1650.

One of his co-conspirators in the 1650 plot was a government agent and Andrews was arrested as he tried to escape to the Dutch Republic in March. Other participants included Sir John Gell, sentenced to life imprisonment then released in 1653. Andrews was beheaded on Tower Hill on 22 August; after the 1660 Stuart Restoration, he was commemorated as a Royalist martyr.

## Personal details

Eusebius Andrews was born in Edmonton, London and baptised on 20 December 1606 at St Dunstan's, Stepney. The only surviving child of Eusebius Andrew (1577-1628), and his first wife Joan Dudley, he also had a half-sister Katherine (1619-1691) from his father's second marriage. She later became the third wife of John Lenthall (1625-1681), a senior civil servant under the Commonwealth, who apparently saw her connection to a Royalist martyr as a way to rehabilitate himself with the post-1660 regime.

Andrews himself married some time prior to 1637; the name of his wife is unknown, although she probably died before 1650 since she does not appear in his will. They had two daughters, Katherine (born and died 1637) and Matilda (c. 1640-after 1685).

## Career

Andrews graduated from Christ's College, Cambridge and followed his father into the legal profession, entering Lincoln's Inn in 1620 and qualifying as a barrister in 1627. A supporter of Charles I and Archbishop William Laud, in 1635 he helped prosecute Robert Mason, Recorder of London and an opponent of Personal Rule. This was a bold act since Mason was also part of the governance council for Lincoln's Inn. Andrews was removed for prosecuting a fellow member "contrary to the antiente custom of this house" and relocated to Cambridgeshire, near the Isle of Ely, where he continued to practice as a lawyer.

He was in London during the period of political upheaval initiated when the Long Parliament assembled in November 1640; in May 1641, he brought charges of "treasonous words" against John Lilburne, a Puritan radical. When the First English Civil War began in August 1642, Andrews had returned to Cambridgeshire, where he was active with the Bishop of Ely in issuing royal proclamations. The county as a whole was strongly Parliamentarian, and in 1643 he joined the Royalists in Oxford as did several of his relatives; another branch of the family were devout Calvinists who fought for Parliament. His rank of colonel was probably an honorary commission, since he does not appear in lists of regimental commanders; details of his activities are unclear, although he may have been involved in a plot to seize Ely in 1644.

In the "Narrative" prepared for the court in 1650, Andrews stated he was personal secretary to Lord Capel, who was related to his step-mother. He and Capel accompanied the Prince of Wales when he was appointed ruler of the West Country in January 1645, but did not accompany them into exile in March 1646. He was listed among the officers who surrendered in Worcester shortly before the war ended in July and returned to Ely. During the 1648 Second English Civil War, Andrews and Capel were involved in an unsuccessful attempt to seize Linton, Cambridgeshire; after its failure, Andrews escaped to The Hague but Capel was captured and later executed in March 1649.

Following the Execution of Charles I in January 1649, the Scots declared Charles II king and began negotiations to restore him to his English throne. Seeking alternatives, Charles also supported an alliance between Irish Protestant Royalists under James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond and the Catholic Confederation. Now living in Suffolk, in September 1649 Andrews was approached by John Barnard, a "major formerly under his command" who urged him to back another rising in the Isle of Ely. Both Barnard and Pitt, also a witness against Andrews at his trial in 1650, appear in a 1644 list of Somerset Royalist gentry but had become government double agents.

By December 1649, the Irish Royalists were near defeat and in early 1650 Parliament ordered the arrest of those like Andrews who refused to swear allegiance to the Protectorate. Left with few options, he made arrangements to emigrate to North America before being persuaded to stay by Barnard, who apparently hoped to implicate more potential conspirators. One of these was Sir John Gell, former Parliamentarian commander in Derbyshire who had been stripped of all his offices in February 1649. Gell managed to avoid committing himself, although a former retainer named Benson was less careful; realising the conspiracy was going nowhere, Andrews prepared to leave for Holland but was arrested at Gravesend, Kent on 24 March 1650.

On 30 March, Andrews was committed to the Tower of London charged with treason; when questioned, he pointed out the role played by Bernard as an Agent provocateur or instigator of the plot. Although chief judge Bradshaw admitted this, he argued the "Narrative" supplied by Andrews confirmed his subversive intentions, regardless of Barnard's actions. His arrest coincided with news of Charles II arriving in Scotland and on the recommendation of Sir Henry Mildmay, his trial was delayed until 16 August in hopes he would provide information on other suspects.

At his trial, Andrews presented lengthy legal arguments objecting to the jurisdiction of the tribunal, which he claimed was in contravention of Magna Carta and the 1628 Petition of Right. Bradshaw had rejected the same arguments when used by Charles I at his trial and the verdict was never in doubt; Andrews was condemned to death on 19 August, although Parliament altered the usual penalty of hanged, drawn and quartered to beheading. Of the other conspirators, Benson was hanged in October, while Gell was found guilty of failing to communicate details of the plot; sentenced to life imprisonment, he was released on grounds of ill health in 1653.

Executed on 22 August, Andrews was buried in All Hallows-by-the-Tower, commonly used for those who died at Tower Hill, and asked that his body be placed near Archbishop Laud, executed in January 1645. Journalists of the period often recycled alleged speeches from the scaffold; the one attributed to Andrews was reproduced for James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby, who was beheaded in October 1651. After the Stuart Restoration in 1660, Andrews appeared in various publications commemorating Royalist martyrs.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| ColonelEusebius Andrews | |
| --- | --- |
| Site of the scaffold at Tower Hill where Andrews was executed | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Baptised 20 December 1606
St Dunstan's, Stepney, England |
| Died | 22 August 1650(1650-08-22) (aged 43)
Tower Hill |
| Resting place | All Hallows-by-the-Tower |
| Political party | Royalist |
| Spouse(s) | Unknown, died before 1650 |
| Children | Katherine (1637); Matilda (1640-after 1685) |
| Alma mater | Christ's College, Cambridge |
| Occupation | Royalist conspirator |
| Profession | Lawyer |
| Military service | |
| Years of service | 1642 to 1646 |
| Rank | Colonel |
| Battles/wars | **Wars of the Three Kingdoms**
Worcester |
|  | |


title: Out of Time (Red Dwarf)

abstract: "Out of Time" is the sixth episode of science fiction sitcom Red Dwarf Series VI and the 36th in the programmes run. It was first broadcast on the British television channel BBC2 on 11 November 1993. Written by Rob Grant & Doug Naylor and directed by Andy de Emmony, it was the first Red Dwarf series finale to end on a cliffhanger. It is the final episode with contributions from Rob Grant.

text:
# Out of Time (Red Dwarf)

"**Out of Time**" is the sixth episode of science fiction sitcom *Red Dwarf* Series VI and the 36th in the programmes run. It was first broadcast on the British television channel BBC2 on 11 November 1993. Written by Rob Grant & Doug Naylor and directed by Andy de Emmony, it was the first *Red Dwarf* series finale to end on a cliffhanger (discounting Lister's pregnancy in the Series II finale, "Parallel Universe"). It is the final episode with contributions from Rob Grant.

## Plot

Things are grim aboard *Starbug*, as the crew have now lost all trace of *Red Dwarf*. Rimmer decides to conduct a "morale meeting" and appoints himself "morale officer". However the morale meeting turns out to be nothing more than an excuse for Rimmer to vent his feelings about how much he hates everyone. The rest of the crew discuss the bleak lives they're now leading, but the conversation is stopped when *Starbug* flies into a region of space populated by unreality pockets, a security measure around a top-secret Space Corps test ship. During one of these, Kryten becomes convinced that Lister is a 3000 series android (an unsuccessful model, due to its hyper-realistic appearance), after which he is forced to obey orders from Kryten, a 4000 series. After embarrassingly learning the truth, the crew are eager to find what has been protected so elaborately, flying further in as more of these unreality pockets occur, causing more very strong hallucinations. Everyone is about to give up when Kryten suggests the crew go into Deep Sleep.

Once awoken, the crew board the derelict ship and find a device capable of time travel. They learn the derelict ship's crew contracted an influenza virus in the 20th century, 800 years before the ship's origin. They all soon died, and their last act was to pilot the ship into deep space and generate the mine-field to drive off looters. The crew test the device, but as it only allows *Starbug* to travel through time, not space, it is of no use at the moment; however, if a faster-than-light drive can be found, then the time machine will allow them to travel to any time and place they desire.

The crew are subsequently contacted by another *Starbug*, populated by their future selves. Only Kryten speaks to them to prevent the rest of the crew learning about their futures; however, afterwards he gets very emotional around Lister, which makes him very worried. Lister speaks to Kryten, telling him he understands that he's died in the future, but Kryten tells him that a "David Lister" is aboard the future ship, which seriously confuses Lister. Kryten explains that the future crew's time drive has malfunctioned and only allows them to go forwards. In order to fix it, they need to copy components from the time drive aboard the present *Starbug*. The future crew board, but everyone except Kryten is sealed in the hold to prevent them from meeting their future counterparts. Lister is desperate to see what's happened to him and rigs a camera to see what's going on, and each of the crew is dismayed to see what they have become. Rimmer is obese, Cat is bald, Kryten has donned a toupee and a turtleneck sweater, and Lister is merely a brain in a jar. It soon becomes clear that their future selves are snobs and have socialised with some of the most evil figures of history (including the Hitlers, with future Rimmer stating that Hitler is "a hoot" as long as he's not talking politics) and lived in the height of luxury.

Lister refuses to help the future crew after seeing what they have become, and sends them at gunpoint back to their ship without the information they need. Later, as the crew try to come to terms with the fact they're destined to lead selfish and despicable lives, the future crew launch an attack on their past selves and, unwilling to spend the rest of their existence stranded in deep space, are willing to kill the crew knowing they'll be wiping themselves out. Rimmer shows uncharacteristic bravery by urging they fight, stating *"Better dead than smeg"* and the rest of the crew agree. Although things start off well, the more advanced future *Starbug* causes massive damage, killing Lister, Cat, and Kryten in explosions in the cockpit. Rimmer realises that the crew's only hope is to destroy the time drive, and grabs a bazookoid. Rimmer struggles through the bowels of the crumbling ship but manages to reach the time drive and fires upon it just as *Starbug* is destroyed by the future crew.

## Production

"Out of Time", known as "Present from the Future" during shooting, featured an idea that the writers were thinking about for some time – Lister as an android. The idea never materialised as an episode in its own right but wound up as part of the plot here.

The episode was filmed with auto-cue prompts installed throughout the Starbug set, since Rob Grant and Doug Naylor did not actually finish the script. He had to type lines for the actors to read, and simultaneously make it look like a well-rehearsed episode to the audience.

"Out of Time" ended with Rimmer blowing the time drive up and the ship exploding, then a caption appearing, which read 'To Be Continued...'. But that was not the initial ending that was filmed – the idea to go with that cliffhanger was thought of in post-production, but then a conclusion to the story was written and recorded; as Rimmer blows up the time drive, he is thrown back and everything around him returns to normal as the future selves never exist; later, the crew celebrate the erasure of their future selves (referencing Lister's earlier statement that the crew never celebrate anything) and Rimmer's bravery which he is uncharacteristically modest about. Kryten then informs everyone that *Red Dwarf'*s vapour trail has been relocated and the crew then toast their good fortune with some margarita. "To the present" says Kryten. Lister then blurts out "That's urine re-cyc", and the crew is left with foam moustaches.

Several other endings were considered, including the crew finding *Red Dwarf* at the end, which had been the original idea (and would be used in *Nanarchy* in 1997, four years later), but it was decided it would be a better cliffhanger to kill everyone off – especially as the BBC had already said it wanted more *Red Dwarf*. Nevertheless, due to a number of circumstances, viewers would be waiting three years for a resolution.

## InfoBox

| "**Out of Time**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Red Dwarf* episode | |
| Episode no. | Series 6<br>Episode 6 |
| Directed by | Andy de Emmony |
| Written by | Rob Grant & Doug Naylor |
| Original air date | 11 November 1993 (1993-11-11) |
|
|


title: Evan Young

abstract: Evan Andrew Young is an American lawyer who has served as a justice of the Supreme Court of Texas since 2021.

text:
# Evan Young

**Evan Andrew Young** (born September 14, 1976) is an American lawyer who has served as a justice of the Supreme Court of Texas since 2021.

## Education and career

Young graduated from Tom C. Clark High School in San Antonio, and then earned a Bachelor of Arts in history from Duke University in 1999, where he graduated *summa cum laude* and was inducted into Phi Beta Kappa. He was also selected as a Marshall Scholar, and earned a Bachelor of Arts from Magdalen College, Oxford. He graduated from Yale Law School in 2004. Following law school, Young served as a law clerk to Judge J. Harvie Wilkinson III of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit and Associate Justice Antonin Scalia of the Supreme Court of the United States.

Young then served as counsel to the United States Attorney General during George W. Bush's second term, during which time he was detailed to Baghdad, Iraq as part of the U.S. Government’s Rule of Law mission. He later became a partner at Baker Botts, where he chaired the firm's Supreme Court and Constitutional Law practice group.

Young was a member of the Texas Judicial Council from 2017 to 2021. He has been an adjunct professor at the University of Texas School of Law and the University of Mississippi School of Law.

## Judicial service

Following Justice Eva Guzman's resignation, Governor Greg Abbott appointed Young to the Supreme Court of Texas on November 1, 2021. He took the oath of office on November 10, 2021, and was elected to a six-year term in 2022.

## Personal life

Young lives in Austin with his wife, Tobi Merritt Edwards Young, and their daughter. An enrolled citizen of the Chickasaw Nation, Tobi Young clerked for Justice Neil Gorsuch in 2018–19, and is believed to be the first member of a Native American tribe to serve as a U.S. Supreme Court law clerk.

## InfoBox

| Evan Young | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Justice of the Texas Supreme Court | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
November 10, 2021 | |
| Appointed by | Greg Abbott |
| Preceded by | Eva Guzman |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Evan Andrew Young
(1976-09-14) September 14, 1976 |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Tobi Merritt Edwards |
| Children | 1 |
| Education | Duke University (BA)
Magdalen College, Oxford (BA)
Yale University (JD) |
|  | |


title: Evelyn Scott (activist)

abstract: Evelyn Ruth Scott was an Indigenous Australian social activist and educator. She began working in the Townsville Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Advancement League in the 1960s. She was actively involved in campaigning for the 1967 Constitutional Referendum. In 1971, she joined the Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders (FCAATSI) executive as a vice-president. She was a leader in the transformation of FCAATSI into an Indigenous-controlled organisation in 1973, with the support of Josie Briggs. She was active in the first national women's organisation, the National Aboriginal and Islander Council, formed in the early 1970s. She became Chair of the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation (CAR) in the late 1990s, at a challenging time when the federal government led by John Howard was cutting reconciliation funding. Scott was inducted onto the Victorian Honour Roll of Women in 2001 and received the Centenary Medal in the same year. She was appointed Officer of the Order of Australia in the 2003 Australia Day Honours. Scott was the mother of rugby league player Sam Backo. Evelyn Scott School, in the Australian Capital Territory, was started in 2021.

text:
# Evelyn Scott (activist)

**Evelyn Ruth Scott** AO (1935 – 21 September 2017) was an Indigenous Australian social activist and educator.

She began working in the Townsville Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Advancement League in the 1960s. She was actively involved in campaigning for the 1967 Constitutional Referendum.

In 1971, she joined the Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders (FCAATSI) executive as a vice-president. She was a leader in the transformation of FCAATSI into an Indigenous-controlled organisation in 1973, with the support of Josie Briggs. She was active in the first national women's organisation, the National Aboriginal and Islander Council, formed in the early 1970s.

She became Chair of the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation (CAR) in the late 1990s, at a challenging time when the federal government led by John Howard was cutting reconciliation funding.

Scott was inducted onto the Victorian Honour Roll of Women in 2001 and received the Centenary Medal in the same year. She was appointed Officer of the Order of Australia in the 2003 Australia Day Honours.

Scott was the mother of rugby league player Sam Backo.

Evelyn Scott School, in the Australian Capital Territory, was started in 2021.

## Later life

In 2015, Scott was a resident in a care facility in Cairns. Scott died on 21 September 2017 aged 81. On 2 October 2017, Queensland Premier Annastacia Palaszczuk announced that a state funeral for Scott would be held in Townsville. On 6 October 2017, the state funeral was held at the Townsville Stadium and was attended by Premier Palaszczuk, Leeanne Enoch (the first Indigenous woman to serve as a minister in a Queensland Government) and many Indigenous community leaders. Senator Pat Dodson delivered a eulogy which described Scott's leading role in the 1967 referendum to recognise Indigenous Australians. Scott was the first Indigenous woman to receive a Queensland state funeral.

On the 28 May 2023, Dr. Scott was honoured with a Google Doodle featured on the Australian home page of the search engine. In Google's tribute to her, they acclaim her life as a tireless campaigner and unwavering leader, resulting in numerous achievements, awards, and honours. The Google Doodle features an illustrated design by Indigenous guest artist Samantha Campbell, who is descended from the Dagoman people from the country around Katherine in Australia's Northern Territory.

## InfoBox

| DrEvelyn ScottAO | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Evelyn Ruth Backo
1935
Ingham, Queensland |
| Died | 21 September 2017(2017-09-21) (aged 81–82)
North Queensland |
| Partner | Allen Scott |


title: Evelyn Sakash

abstract: Evelyn Sakash was a scenic designer who worked on television, film, and Broadway. Sakash won a Daytime Emmy in 2003 for her work on Between the Lions and was nominated for the same show the following year. Her credits include work on Mermaids, Still Alice, and Orange Is the New Black. On Broadway she was associate scenic designer for The Big Love in 1991. Sakash was last seen in September 2020 and was reported missing. Her body was discovered in her New York City home on March 30, 2021. The New York Medical Examiner's office said Sakash had died from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

text:
# Evelyn Sakash

**Evelyn Sakash** (1954/5 – 2020/1) was a scenic designer who worked on television, film, and Broadway. Sakash won a Daytime Emmy in 2003 for her work on *Between the Lions* and was nominated for the same show the following year. Her credits include work on *Mermaids*, *Still Alice*, and *Orange Is the New Black*. On Broadway she was associate scenic designer for *The Big Love* in 1991.

Sakash was last seen in September 2020 and was reported missing. Her body was discovered in her New York City home on March 30, 2021. The New York Medical Examiner's office (reported E! News) said Sakash had died from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.


title: Taru (god)

abstract: Taru was a weather god worshiped in ancient Anatolia by Hattians. He was associated with the bull, and could be depicted in the form of this animal. It is presumed that the names of the Hittite and Luwian weather gods, Tarḫunna and Tarḫunz, while etymologically Indo-European, were meant to resemble Taru's as a result of Hattian cultural influence on other cultures of the region.

text:
# Taru (god)

**Taru** was a weather god worshiped in ancient Anatolia by Hattians. He was associated with the bull, and could be depicted in the form of this animal. It is presumed that the names of the Hittite and Luwian weather gods, Tarḫunna and Tarḫunz, while etymologically Indo-European, were meant to resemble Taru's as a result of Hattian cultural influence on other cultures of the region.

## Name and character

Taru was the Hattian weather god. The term "Hattian" refers to the native inhabitants of the northern part of ancient Anatolia. As a weather god, he was believed to control phenomena such as thunder and lightning; additionally he was responsible for the well-being of people and animals, and for the growth of plants. A hymn dedicated to him, *awan kaitgaḫillu Taru elli lipḫaippin*, most likely focuses on guaranteeing the flourishing of grain (*kait*).

In cuneiform Taru's name was written as *dTa-a-ru*, *dDa-a-ru* or sporadically *dŠa-a-ru* . It could also be represented with the sumerograms dIŠKUR and d10, same as the names of other weather gods. It has been proposed that Taru's name might mean "bull" in Hattic. A connection between it and the Greek word *taurus*, and more broadly with terms referring to bulls in various Indo-European and Semitic languages, has also been proposed, but the matter remains unresolved. It is nonetheless assumed that Taru can be characterized as a bull god. He could be depicted in theriomorphic form as this animal. Bulls not accompanied by any other figures on seals from Kanesh might represent him. In addition to his symbolic animal, his attributes were a mace and lightning.

## Relations to other Anatolian weather gods

According to Piotr Taracha, it can be assumed that the theonym Taru referred to multiple individual weather deities worshiped in various locations. Volkert Haas identified the Weather god of Nerik, the head of the local pantheon of Nerik in Hittite times, as Taru. It has also been suggested that the names Wašezzili (likely to be identified as the Weather god of Zippalanda) and Ziparwa referred to local forms of Taru. Furthermore, the deity Tahaštaru, whose name according to Carlo Corti can be interpreted as combination of Taru and a prefix also attested in a number of other northern Anatolian theonyms (Tahašail, Tahattenuit, Tahawašezzu, Tahpillanu) was the weather god of Dahattaruna. Theophoric names invoking Taru have also been identified in texts from Kanesh, but there is no indication in known sources that Hattian culture had influence on the local pantheon. There is evidence that a weather god did belong to it, though Guido Kryszat assumes he might have been Tarḫunna or less plausibly Nipas.

### Taru, Tarḫunna and Tarḫunz

It is assumed that the early Hittites "were impressed by Hattic religious culture and attempted to imitate the kind of complex society that they encountered in central Anatolia". Daniel Schwemer states that the scope of this process makes it impossible to study either the Hattian or Hititte weather god on his own, without considering the other. While the names of both Hittite (Tarḫunna) and Luwian (Tarḫunz) weather gods are derived from an Indo-European root, they are not cognate with the names of other weather gods in pantheons of speakers of languages from this group, and might have been formed specifically to resemble the name of Taru. Schwemer goes as far as suggesting both gods were effectively adaptations of Taru. Gary Beckman more cautiously calls them "a melding of the Indo-European Sky-god with the Hattic weather god Taru". Further derivatives of the Hittite and Luwian names include later deities such as Lycian Trqqas, who continued to appear as an element in theophoric names from Anatolia as late as in the Hellenistic period.

The myth of Illuyanka, whose Hittite version (CTH 321) casts Tarḫunna as the protagonist, most likely goes back to an earlier Hattian tale, which presumably had Taru confront the monster instead. Schwemer suggests that the epithet "storm god of heaven", which designated the primary manifestation of Tarḫunna in Hittite sources from the Old Hittite period onward, could be analogously applied to Taru as well.

Eventually the use of the same logograms to refer to a large number of weather gods (Anatolian Taru, Tarḫunna and Tarḫunz, Hurrian Teshub, as well as Syro-Mesopotamian Adad/Hadad) in Hittite texts resulted in interchange of traits between them, leading to the creation of what Michael B. Hundley has described as a "constellation of deities with shared traits, who nonetheless often maintain their individual identities".

## Family

Similarly to Hittite Tarḫunna in later tradition, Taru was presumably paired with the Sun goddess of Arinna and was regarded as the father of Telipinu, Inara and Mezulla. The goddess Zintuḫi, whose name is seemingly derived from the Hattic word *zintu*, "grandchild", likely was regarded as the weather god's granddaughter in Hattian culture already.

It is presumed that references to anonymous grandfather and father of the weather god in a myth about said deity going missing might reflect Taru's genealogical position in the Hattian pantheon. However, it is not possible to identify his ancestors with any specific gods known by name. In Nerik, the local weather god, possibly to be identified as Taru, was regarded as a son of Šulinkatte. While a reference to a weather god being a son of a moon god (dU DUMU d30) is known from the text KUB 33.89, according to Jörg Klinger it most likely belongs to the Hurrian milieu and reflects a variant genealogy of Teshub, with Kušuḫ as his father in place of Kumarbi, and should not be treated as evidence that a similar connection existed between Taru and the Hattian moon god Kašku.

### Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Taru | |
| --- | --- |
| Hattian weather god | |
| Major cult center | Nerik, Zippalanda |
| Weapon | mace |
| Animals | bull |
| Symbol | lightning |
| Equivalents | |
| Hittite equivalent | Tarḫunna |
| Luwian equivalent | Tarḫunz |
| Palaic equivalent | Ziparwa |


title: Outline of ancient Egypt

abstract: The following outline is provided as an overview of a topical guide to ancient Egypt: Ancient Egypt – ancient civilization of eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt. Egyptian civilization coalesced around 3150 BCE with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh. The many achievements of the ancient Egyptians include the quarrying, surveying and construction techniques that facilitated the building of monumental pyramids, temples, and obelisks; a system of mathematics; a practical and effective system of medicine; irrigation systems and agricultural production techniques; some of the first known ships; Egyptian faience and glass technology; new forms of literature; and the earliest known peace treaty. Its monuments have inspired the imaginations of travelers and writers for centuries.

text:
# Outline of ancient Egypt

The following outline is provided as an overview of a topical guide to ancient Egypt:

**Ancient Egypt**  ancient civilization of eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt. Egyptian civilization coalesced around 3150 BCE (according to conventional Egyptian chronology) with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh.

The many achievements of the ancient Egyptians include the quarrying, surveying and construction techniques that facilitated the building of monumental pyramids, temples, and obelisks; a system of mathematics; a practical and effective system of medicine; irrigation systems and agricultural production techniques; some of the first known ships; Egyptian faience and glass technology; new forms of literature; and the earliest known peace treaty. Its monuments have inspired the imaginations of travelers and writers for centuries.

## What *type* of thing is Ancient Egypt?

Ancient Egypt can be described as:

## Geography of ancient Egypt

### Places

more...

## Government and politics of ancient Egypt

### Pharaohs

### Government officials

* Vizier (Ancient Egypt) – the vizier was the highest official in Ancient Egypt to serve the king, or pharaoh during the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms.
* Viceroy of Kush – the Lower Nubian Kush was a province of Egypt from the 16th century BCE to eleventh century BCE. During this period it was ruled by a viceroy who reported directly to the Egyptian Pharaoh.
* Treasurer (Ancient Egypt) – the treasurer was responsible for products coming to the royal palace. They were the main economical administrator of the royal belongings.

### Egyptian law

Egyptian law

### Military of ancient Egypt

Military of ancient Egypt

## General history of ancient Egypt

History of ancient Egypt

### History of ancient Egypt, by period

Some writers include the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Dynasties in the Second Intermediate Period.

### History of ancient Egypt, by region

### History of ancient Egypt, by subject

## Egyptology

Egyptology  study of ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, architecture and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious practices in the 4th century AD. A practitioner of the discipline is an "Egyptologist".

### Egyptologists

Egyptologist  a practitioner of Egyptology

### Museums with ancient Egyptian exhibits

Museums of Egyptian antiquities

#### Egypt

#### France

#### Germany

#### Italy

#### United Kingdom

#### United States

## Culture of ancient Egypt

Culture of ancient Egypt

### Architecture of ancient Egypt

Ancient Egyptian architecture

#### Buildings and structures

### Art of ancient Egypt

Art of ancient Egypt

### Religion in ancient Egypt

Ancient Egyptian religion

### Ancient Egyptian language

Ancient Egyptian language

## Egyptian economy

## Publications about ancient Egypt

The following outline is provided as an overview of a topical guide to ancient Egypt: Ancient Egypt – ancient civilization of eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt. Egyptian civilization coalesced around 3150 BCE (according to conventional Egyptian chronology) with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh. The many achievements of the ancient Egyptians include the quarrying, surveying and construction techniques that facilitated the building of monumental pyramids, temples, and obelisks; a system of mathematics; a practical and effective system of medicine; irrigation systems and agricultural production techniques; some of the first known ships; Egyptian faience and glass technology; new forms of literature; and the earliest known peace treaty. Its monuments have inspired the imaginations of travelers and writers for centuries.

Ancient Egypt lists


title: Evan Jones (pirate)

abstract: Evan Jones was a Welsh-born pirate from New York active in the Indian Ocean, best known for his indirect connection to Robert Culliford and for capturing a future Mayor of New York.

text:
# Evan Jones (pirate)

**Evan Jones** (fl. 1698-1699, first name occasionally Achen) was a Welsh-born pirate from New York active in the Indian Ocean, best known for his indirect connection to Robert Culliford and for capturing a future Mayor of New York.

## History

The slave ship *Beckford Galley* (sometimes *Bedford Galley*) left England in June 1698 for west Africa and Madagascar under Captain John Harris, who was notoriously cruel to his crew. When they put in at Tulear on Madagascar in late 1698 or early 1699, the crew conspired with a number of pirates from ashore, led by John Ryder. He had been a gunner on one of Emperor Aurangzeb's ships and had been aboard the frigate *Mocha* when Robert Culliford mutinied and seized it. Culliford accepted a general pardon for pirates offered at Île Sainte-Marie but Ryder and several others remained behind where they’d made their way to Tulear. Ryder's group and *Beckford Galley*'s crew murdered Harris, stole the ship, and put ashore anyone unwilling to turn to piracy. The unwilling crew reported Ryder's attack, resulting in the Council of Trade and Plantations issuing warnings about Ryder to governors of the American colonies in case they headed back across the Atlantic.

The pirates elected Evan Jones as their new captain, with Ryder as his quartermaster. Sailing back up the coast of western Africa, they had little success. At Abraham Samuel’s pirate trading port in St. Augustine, they encountered the slave ship *Prophet Daniel* under Captain Appel; his cargo master was John Cruger, who was later an alderman in New York, and eventually mayor. Jones pulled alongside *Prophet Daniel*, hailed them, and invited them to drink ashore. Cruger and some of his crew recognized Jones and a few of his sailors as fellow denizens of Westchester, New York, and never suspected treachery. At a signal that night, Jones' men boarded *Prophet Daniel* and seized it. Cruger hired some of Samuel's warriors to attack the two ships with musket fire from shore, but they had little effect. When Cruger tried to have Samuel's men cut the ships’ anchor cables, Samuel revealed that Jones had paid him off, promising him slaves and the *Prophet Daniel*. Jones and *Beckford Galley* sailed away, with some of *Prophet Daniel*'s crew (and possibly Appel as well) aboard. Samuel confiscated all of Cruger's guns and supplies and sold *Prophet Daniel* to Edward Woodman and three other pirates, while Cruger was forced to buy passage back to New York aboard a merchantman. There is some evidence that New York merchant Frederick Philipse may have been involved in *Prophet Daniel*'s capture; Philipse had long been involved in trading goods to pirates in exchange for slaves, and had a rival slave-ship in the area at the time. Jones tried to recruit other Madagascar pirates to *Beckford Galley*, some of whom refused (a few who had sailed with Robert Colley and Joseph Wheeler), preferring like Culliford to accept a pardon and wait for a passing merchant to return them to America.

By September 1699 the ship (possibly renamed *Tulear Galley* or "*Tolier Galley*") needed repairs. Returning to Tulear, they captured a brigantine which they sank after looting it for supplies and slaves, again putting ashore anyone who refused to join them. They then cruised up the eastern coast of Africa taking several small ships. Returning to St. Augustine to careen, they beached the ship carelessly and broke its keel. Jones and Ryder’s further activities are not known; one source said they later joined Culliford’s crew. Among Jones' crew was future pirate Captain David Williams, who would also go on to sail with Culliford as well as under a number of other Madagascar-based pirate captains.

As a New York alderman years later, Cruger remembered his ordeal with Jones' pirates. Captain Peter Solgard of HMS *Greyhound* engaged pirates Edward Low and Charles Harris off Delaware Bay in 1723, mauling Low's ship and driving him off while capturing Harris after a lengthy battle. Cruger was among the aldermen who rewarded Solgard for his bravery.


title: Everyman (magazine)

abstract: Everyman was an English magazine from 1912 to 1916 and 1929 to 1935 edited first by Charles Sarolea and later by C. B. Purdom.

text:
# Everyman (magazine)

***Everyman*** was an English magazine from 1912 to 1916 and 1929 to 1935 edited first by Charles Sarolea and later by C. B. Purdom.

## History and profile

*Everyman* was founded by publisher J. M. Dent in 1912. The original editor was Charles Sarolea. After publication temporarily stopped during World War I, the magazine was relaunched in 1929 by Hugh Dent. The first issue of the new release came out 31 January 1929 under the management and editorship of C. B. Purdom.

Francis Yeats-Brown was briefly the editor in 1933; he was forced to resign after only seven weeks when his advocacy of Fascism was not supported by the magazine's directors.

The magazine covered books, drama, music and travel and featured articles by renowned authors such as Ivor Brown, Arthur Machen, G. K. Chesterton, A. E. Coppard, Bertrand Russell and many others.


title: Everyman Cinema, Hampstead

abstract: The Everyman Hampstead is the original site of the Everyman Cinemas group, a boutique independent cinema chain, located in Holly Bush Vale, Hampstead, in North West London. It shows new releases, as well as classic films and special events, such as the New York Metropolitan Opera, National Theatre Live, film festivals, live Q&As, and seasons. The venue features two public screens, as well as a private hire room, a licensed bar and restaurant, Sony Digital 4K projectors, and Dolby Digital surround sound.

text:
# Everyman Cinema, Hampstead

The **Everyman Hampstead** is the original site of the Everyman Cinemas group, a boutique independent cinema chain, located in Holly Bush Vale, Hampstead, in North West London.

It shows new releases, as well as classic films and special events, such as the New York Metropolitan Opera, National Theatre Live, film festivals, live Q&As, and seasons.

The venue features two public screens (a 122-seat room with club suites, gallery seating and a vaulted ceiling; and a more intimate 72-seat screen), as well as a private hire room, a licensed bar and restaurant, Sony Digital 4K projectors, and Dolby Digital surround sound.

## History

The building was first opened as the Hampstead Drill Hall and Assembly Rooms in the 1880s. Later it was transformed into a theatre, the *Everyman Theatre*, which opened in 1920 under the direction of Norman MacDermott (1890–1977), with the first British production of Jacinto Benavente's *The Bonds of Interest* (*Los intereses creados*, 1907). *You Never Can Tell*, opened two weeks later and was a success, leading to the performance of more revivals from George Bernard Shaw. Another notable performance is that of Noël Coward's *The Vortex,* which was first performed there.

The Everyman opened as a cinema on Boxing Day 1933. The opening programme consisted of Rene Clair's *Le Million*, *Turbulent Timber*, a Mack Sennett comedy, a Disney cartoon and Paramount News. The Everyman had been bought by a local solicitor, James Fairfax-Jones. "FJ", as he was known, lived with wife, Tessara (Tess), in a sprawling manor house in the secluded Vale of Health. He ran the Everyman as a hobby rather than as a business, hoping that its 302 seats would generate enough money to pay the staff and the overheads as well as his annual treat – attending the Venice Film Festival, which he surveyed from the splendour of the Cipriani Hotel. His staff, principally projectionist Tom Robinson and manager Dennis Lloyd, stayed with him for decades. Usherettes were all part-time and were an extraordinary mix – some were wartime refugees, others local au pairs, language students and so on. One woman who worked in the cash desk selling tickets owned the West End furniture store Heals.

Fairfax-Jones died in April 1973. His son, Martin, took over as Managing Director of the cinema, which was programmed until 1977 by one of its managers, Adrian Turner, and subsequently by Tony Dalton and Peter Howden. Since 1933 the Everyman always showed a wide range of movies in repertory seasons - the Marx Brothers, the Maxim Gorky Trilogy, Jean-Luc Godard, Humphrey Bogart and Ingmar Bergman being especially popular with the local Hampstead crowd. Local residents such as John Gielgud, Peter O'Toole and Melvyn Bragg were regulars. HRH Princess Margaret brought her two children to see *High Society*.

In the 1980s, the Everyman had various owners, with one turning the basement into the second auditorium.

When the cinema was threatened with closure in 2000, it was bought by entrepreneur Daniel Broch as the flagship for the new Everyman Cinemas group, a company that has seen subsequent rapid expansion.

## Cultural references

The cinema is referred to in the song, "Hampstead Incident" by Donovan, with the line: "Standing by the Everyman, digging the rigging of my sails."

The 1960 Michael Powell psychological-horror classic *Peeping Tom*, credited as a founder of the slasher genre, mentions the cinema twice by name. Two original posters for the film used to hang in the lobby but since the cinema was refurbished during August-September 2022, these have been kept in storage.

## Further reading

* *Everymania: The History of the Everyman Theatre Hampstead, 1920–26* Norman MacDermott (Society for Theatre Research, April 1975) ISBN 0-85430-024-4

51°33′22″N 0°10′44″W / 51.556°N 0.179°W / 51.556; -0.179


title: Ex voto of the Tarentines

text:
# Ex voto of the Tarentines

One of the important ex votos of the Greek cities in the sanctuary of Delphi was the bronze sculpted ex voto of the Italian city of Tarentum in commemoration of their victory against the Messapians.

## Description

As the visitor moves along the Sacred Way, having on the left hand side the eastern side of the Polygonal wall, one sees the remains of a row of famous monuments. The first one, according to Pausanias, was the base where stood the **ex votos of the Tarentines**: it consisted of the bronze statues of a dolphin, of the Lacaedemonian hero Phalanthus and of the eponymous hero Taras, son of Poseidon, as well as of some other figures not mentioned specifically by Pausanias. The latter, however, mentions the foundation myth of Tarentum, according to which an oracle from Delphi had predicted that the Lacaedemonians, on their way to Italy, would found a city when there would be rain in clear weather. Phalanthus, leader of the expedition, was hopeless, as no matter how many efforts he made he could not prevail among the locals and get a piece of land to found his colony. His wife, who was called Aethra (=clear weather) would take him in her arms and cry over his head out of compassion for her husband. Phalanthus, then, realized the meaning of the oracle and attacked Taras right away, in the middle of the night, thus managing to capture the city. The ex voto was made by the famous sculptors Onatas from Aegina and Ageladas from Argos and dates to the beginning of the 5th century B.C. Behind the monument stands a base with a circular plinth, where the citizens of Croton in Southern Italy had erected a tripod, dating possibly also to the same period.


title: Eve Borg Bonello

abstract: Eve Borg Bonello is a Maltese activist and politician who grew to prominence during the 2019-2020 Maltese protests for her vocal opposition to former Prime Minister Joseph Muscat and the corruption scandals that triggered the 2019 Malta political crisis and Muscat's eventual resignation. In April 2022, Borg Bonello was elected as a Member of Parliament in the 2022 Maltese General Election, becoming the youngest member ever elected to the Maltese House of Representatives in the country's constitutional history. She is the world's youngest sitting member in a national legislature.

text:
# Eve Borg Bonello

**Eve Borg Bonello** MP (born 9 May 2003) is a Maltese activist and politician who grew to prominence during the 2019-2020 Maltese protests for her vocal opposition to former Prime Minister Joseph Muscat and the corruption scandals that triggered the 2019 Malta political crisis and Muscat's eventual resignation.

In April 2022, Borg Bonello was elected as a Member of Parliament in the 2022 Maltese General Election, becoming the youngest member ever elected to the Maltese House of Representatives in the country's constitutional history. She is the world's youngest sitting member in a national legislature.

## Political life

Eve Borg Bonello entered political life as an activist promoting good governance, the rule of law, and democracy.

She first spoke publicly when reciting her poem at a vigil to assassinated journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia.

The 2019-2020 protests were a watershed moment for Borg Bonello, after delivering an impassioned speech that garnered 160,000 views, around half the voting population of Malta (c.340,000 as of 2017). She accused then Prime Minister Joseph Muscat of stealing her future, a line attributed to climate activist Greta Thunberg.

The speech attracted praise and derision in equal measure, as well as several death threats from supporters of the ruling Partit Laburista. The volume and ferocity of the comments only attracted more attention to the speech and amplified its message.

The death threats led to several prosecutions, including a €1,500 fine for a woman who commented on Facebook, "As long as I'm alive, I won't leave you in peace, not even in your grave as I'll shake it everyday. I hate you and everyone around you so much".

Borg Bonello accepted the accused's apologies in court and chose to drop the charges.

## Electoral Record

Eve Borg Bonello ran on the 9th and 10th districts during the 2022 Maltese General Election. She obtained 389 and 381 first preference votes respectively, beating some incumbent and high-ranking politicians in her own party. She contested the casual elections on the 9th district for the seats vacated by Robert Arrigo and Joe Giglio. Ultimately, she was elected through the gender quota mechanism with 1314 final count votes she obtained on the 9th district. It was made possible after Rebekah Cilia was elected through the gender quota on the 7th district, bumping Eve Borg Bonello into the Nationalist Party's gender quota list.

## Activism

Borg Bonello participated and organized protests as an activist within civil society. In 2019, she mobilized a crowd of students to commemorate the assassination of Daphne Caruana Galizia.

In 2020, she participated in the "Fibonacci Protests". For 3 weeks, Borg Bonello and other students protested outside Parliament during sitting days to pressure MPs into disembarking a group of 450 migrants who were detained offshore in the beginning of the Coronavirus pandemic.

The protests were successful, but similarly attracted derision and death threats. A man was prosecuted for publicly calling for "A baseball bat to the head of the three boys and gang rape from the black people on Captain Morgan for the five girls...win win situation for everyone".

Despite the threats, Eve Borg Bonello said in an interview with Lovin Malta that she intended on continuing speaking out.

Eve Borg Bonello endorsed an environmental protest, calling for more government action to combat climate change.

### Partit Nazzjonalista

In 2020, Eve Borg Bonello signed up as a member of Partit Nazzjonalista. She was promptly elected President of Team Start PN, the youth wing catered to 14-18 year olds. As President, she has a vote on the executive committee and the General Council of Partit Nazzjonalista.

In 2022, in anticipation of the general elections, Eve Borg Bonello was approved as the youngest candidate in the country's history for the Maltese House of Representatives. According to Tim Diacono of Lovin Malta, she would be the youngest elected representative in Europe.

#### Team Start

As President of Team Start, Borg Bonello led a number of high-profile actions to protest the Maltese Government's inaction against corruption and institutional abuse. In August 2021, she led a group of youth in sunbeds to protest the postponement of a vote of no confidence until after the recess of the House of Representatives.

In October 2021, Team Start dressed as mobsters and delivered an oversize charity cheque of €200,000 to the Labour Party headquarters to draw attention to the donation given to the Labour Party by Yorgen Fenech, the magnate accused of ordering Daphne Caruana Galizia's assassination.

Later that month, Team Start staged an action outside the national broadcaster after research revealed a strong pro-government bias, with almost all airtime being given to the incumbent Labour Party.

In February 2022, Team Start set up a mock pop-up office to decry Prime Minister Robert Abela's extortionate government direct orders against rising inflation.

## Political views

### On politics

In an interview with Lovin Malta's Sam Vassallo, Borg Bonello said "The problem lies with how we look at politics in Malta. It's seen as a disgusting, difficult, boring, tedious, self-serving vehicle that doesn't propel change. It's not true at all.

"Politics is fun. It drives change and changes the world. You have to enjoy being in it and understand your power. That's what we tell our members at Team Start – make sure you enjoy being here. That's how we get young people to join us".

### On feminism and the gender quota mechanism

"We live in a sexist, misogynist Mediterranean culture, so we need something radical to propel women forward and support them to represent half the country. My only issue is that if it drags into the long term. Then, we would’ve messed up. There are reasons why women won't get into politics and we need to address that – it's not just widespread sexism but sexist structures".

On the gender quota mechanism, Borg Bonello wrote in an op-ed for the Times of Malta, "But what we really need is a culture that attracts women to politics. We need a more accessible legislature with family-friendly measures. We need a change in mentality to combat misogyny and hate speech towards women activists. We need to forget about machoism. On this front, the quota system doesn’t deliver. And we need to get it out of our heads that women need quotas to get elected."

### On Partit Nazzjonalista

"The PN is a mosaic of different ideas, beliefs, backgrounds. I am just part of that mosaic fighting for a better Malta and for justice".

### On religion

"I was raised Catholic, my parents are quite religious and I went to a church school for primary, secondary and sixth form. When I was younger, I found myself rebelling against religion, just out of the rebel-without-a-cause phase \[where I was\] rebelling against any form of authority.

"The first people to give us support, and much more importantly to speak up for these very vulnerable people, were the Church and the Jesuits. That was a turning point to me because while yes, the Church is a fallible institution made out of people, there are also good people who practice what they preach".

### On Catholic mass

"It's almost a moral check on myself to make sure I stay on the right route and a pocket of peace where I get to reflect. Some people do it through other ways but I feel very comfortable doing it by going to Mass and I feel it helps me reflect, look at the entire situation, and try and stay on the right route."

## Controversies

### Junior Minister Rosianne Cutajar

In February 2021, Eve Borg Bonello criticised junior minister Rosianne Cutajar after failing to resign after evidence of large cash deals emerged with Yorgen Fenech, the business magnate charged with successfully plotting to assassinate journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia. Cutajar took offense at Borg Bonello's choice of photo, which shows Cutajar striking a pose 12 years earlier, as a university student.

Cutajar accused Borg Bonello of having "so much spite and hatred at such a tender age... I'm honestly sad for you".

Reacting to Cutajar's post, Borg Bonello rebutted that "my words didn't express hatred or spite, although it's undoubtedly a tactic to interpret all criticism as such. May I remind you what happened the last time the Labour Party went after a writer for years in such a manner and worse".

Cutajar was forced to resign her ministerial post after the Standards Commissioner found she breached the code of ethics.

Cutajar had already engaged in spats with Borg Bonello on the social media space Tik-Tok.

### Clean-up photo

In 2021, Borg Bonello posted a satirical photo showing herself in a clean-up initiative at Fort Chambray, Gozo, organised by Team Start captioned "walking back from Kastilja \[Office of the Prime Minister\]". The barb was met with comments calling her "elitist human trash", hoping she would be "blown to pieces", alluding to the fate of slain journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia. Labour MEP Alex Agius Saliba accused her of "spiteful politics".

Multiple people were charged with hate speech, but Borg Bonello dropped the charges after accepting their apologies. Reacting to the charges, Borg Bonello said, "It seems satire is only allowed when it comes from the Labour party".

In the 2022 General Election campaign, Alex Agius Saliba is featured smiling side-by-side with Borg Bonello in a selfie.

## Personal life

Eve Borg Bonello was born in St Julian's. She attended St Monica School Gzira, where she was head girl, and St Aloysius College, Balzan, where she was Secretary of the Student Council. She enrolled in the law course at the University of Malta in 2020. She was the 2021 Fellow of the prestigious Benjamin Franklin Transatlantic Fellowship Summer Institute at Purdue University.

## InfoBox

| HonourableEve Borg BonelloMP | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office** <br>7 May 2022 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (2003-05-09) 9 May 2003 |
| Political party | Nationalist Party |
| Alma mater | University of Malta |
|  | |


title: Evidence (Mal Waldron album)

abstract: Evidence is a solo album by American jazz pianist Mal Waldron recorded in Canada and released on the Canadian Dark Light Music label.

text:
# Evidence (Mal Waldron album)

***Evidence*** is a solo album by American jazz pianist Mal Waldron recorded in Canada and released on the Canadian Dark Light Music label.

## Reception

The Allmusic review by Ken Dryden awarded the album 4 stars, stating: "The pianist's interpretations of standards on this date are among the best of his career."

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Allmusic* |  |

## Track listing

*All compositions by Mal Waldron except where noted.*

1. "Yesterdays" (Otto Harbach, Jerome Kern)  8:09
2. "No Kick"  7:54
3. "Dear Old Stockholm" (Traditional)  5:50
4. "Rhapsodic Interlude #1"  8:55
5. "Evidence" (Thelonious Monk)  3:48
6. "Let's Call This" (Monk)  4:07
7. "Rhapsodic Interlude #2"  14:42
8. "How Long Has This Been Going On?" (George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin)  5:15

* + Recorded in Toronto, Canada, on March 14, 1988

## Personnel

* Mal Waldron – piano

## InfoBox

| Evidence | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Mal Waldron | |
| Released | 1991 |
| Recorded | March 14, 1988 |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 58:40 |
| Label | Dark Light Music |
| Producer | Bill Airey Smith |
| Mal Waldron chronology | |
| *Mal, Dance and Soul*
(1987) ***Evidence***
(1991) *Art of the Duo*
(1988) | |


title: Evidence (Vincent Herring album)

abstract: Evidence is an album by saxophonist Vincent Herring which was recorded in 1990 and released on Orrin Keepnews' Landmark label the following year.

text:
# Evidence (Vincent Herring album)

***Evidence*** is an album by saxophonist Vincent Herring which was recorded in 1990 and released on Orrin Keepnews' Landmark label the following year.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

The AllMusic review by Scott Yanow stated "The underrated but talented hard bop altoist Vincent Herring is in excellent form on the quintet date *Evidence*. While Herring's tone is as usual a bit reminiscent of Cannonball Adderley, he comes up with many fresh ideas and swinging phrases on the eight songs ... Easily recommended to fans of Herring's straight-ahead playing".

## Track listing

All compositions by Vincent Herring except where noted

1. "Mr. Wizard" – 5:19
2. "I Sing a Song" (Tex Allen) – 8:10
3. "Stars Fell on Alabama" (Frank Perkins, Mitchell Parish) – 6:20
4. "Voyage" (Kenny Barron) – 5:55
5. "Hindsight" (Cedar Walton) – 7:35 Additional track on CD release
6. "Never Forget" – 6:32
7. "Evidence" (Thelonious Monk) – 7:46
8. "Soul-Leo" (Mulgrew Miller) – 8:40

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Evidence | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Vincent Herring | |
| Released | 1991 |
| Recorded | June 29 and July 2, 1990 |
| Studio | BMG Studios, NYC |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 56:38 CD release with additional track |
| Label | Landmark
LLP/LCD 1527 |
| Producer | Orrin Keepnews |
| Vincent Herring chronology | |
| *American Experience*
(1990) ***Evidence***
(1991) *Dawnbird*
(1993) | |


title: Evidence (Faith No More song)

abstract: "Evidence" is a 1995 single by "Faith No More", taken from their fifth studio album, King for a Day... Fool for a Lifetime. Recorded in Bearsville Studios and produced by Andy Wallace, the song was born out of a period of transition for the group, who had recently fired their previous guitar player Jim Martin and were dealing with the absence of keyboard player Roddy Bottum, who was grieving several recent deaths. A soul- and R&B-influenced track, "Evidence" was released as the third single from the album on May 8, 1995, and was accompanied by a music video directed by Walter Stern. Although "Evidence" did not fare well in the United States, it spent several weeks in the charts in the United Kingdom and Australia, and has subsequently been well-received by music critics.

text:
# Evidence (Faith No More song)

"**Evidence**" is a 1995 single by "Faith No More", taken from their fifth studio album, *King for a Day... Fool for a Lifetime*. Recorded in Bearsville Studios and produced by Andy Wallace, the song was born out of a period of transition for the group, who had recently fired their previous guitar player Jim Martin and were dealing with the absence of keyboard player Roddy Bottum, who was grieving several recent deaths.

A soul\- and R&B-influenced track, "Evidence" was released as the third single from the album on May 8, 1995, and was accompanied by a music video directed by Walter Stern. Although "Evidence" did not fare well in the United States, it spent several weeks in the charts in the United Kingdom and Australia, and has subsequently been well-received by music critics.

## Production

"Evidence" was recorded as part of the *King for a Day... Fool for a Lifetime* session in Bearsville Studios, in Woodstock, New York; the record was the first Faith No More album not to be recorded in their native Northern California. Bass player Billy Gould described the remote location of the studio as a form of "sensory deprivation". Writing and rehearsing the songs for the album took eight to nine months, although half of this time was also spent finding a replacement for guitar player Jim Martin, who had been fired from the band following the release of *Angel Dust* in 1992. Martin had grown dissatisfied with the musical direction the band had taken, as it was becoming increasingly less guitar-based. Mr. Bungle guitarist Trey Spruance was brought in for the recording session. Spruance left the band before the subsequent tour, and was replaced by keyboard roadie Dean Menta.

The recording session took roughly three months, for which the band hired producer Andy Wallace, who had previously worked with Sonic Youth, Nirvana and Slayer. Bottum claimed the combination of Wallace and Spruance as two new influences helped to create "a real up-in-the-air, what the fuck is gonna happen kind of feel" while recording. In addition to the band's lineup changes, Roddy Bottum claims to have been mostly absent during this period, owing to the deaths of both his father and Kurt Cobain, whose wife Courtney Love was a close friend of Bottum's. In addition to this, Bottum had developed a heroin addiction, and his absence lead to a dearth of keyboard parts on the songs recorded during this time.

## Release

"Evidence" was the third single released from *King for a Day... Fool for a Lifetime*—and with the eventual cancellation of planned releases for "Take This Bottle" and "The Gentle Art of Making Enemies", would be the album's last single, It was released on May 8, 1995, and in the UK on July 17 that year. The release was accompanied by a music video, which was directed by Walter Stern and recorded in a nightclub on San Francisco's Eddy Street.

The band had made an appearance the previous April on the Australian variety show *Hey Hey It's Saturday* to perform the song, which peaked at number 27 in that country's chart; becoming the 29th most-played song on Australian radio that year. "Evidence" spent three weeks in the UK Singles Chart, reaching a peak position of number 32.

## Reception

> We've always wanted to write a great pop song. \[...\] "Evidence" is just that. I think we needed to lose a guitarist to achieve the end result.

–Singer Mike Patton

Despite its lack of significant airplay or chart success upon release, "Evidence" has since been well-received critically. It has been described by Jeremy Allen of *The Guardian* as "a slick, atmospheric slab of R&B"; Allen also noted that the song appeared to be influenced by songwriter Burt Bacharach, and The Family Stand's 1990 single "Ghetto Heaven". Writing for *Kerrang!* magazine, Sam Law felt that "Evidence" was a "perfect showcase" of the band's eclectic influences, writing that it showed they were not hampered by the departure of former guitar player Jim Martin. Law also drew parallels between the song and the works of Bacharach. In a Faith No More discography retrospective, *Metal Hammer* described the song as "beautiful liquid soul", again noting that the absence of Martin did not detract from the recording.

## Track list

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Evidence" | Gould, Bottum, Spruance, Patton | 4:53 |
| 2. | "King for a Day" | Gould, Bottum, Spruance, Patton | 6:36 |
| 3. | "I Wanna Fuck Myself" | Allin | 2:54 |
| 4. | "Spanish Eyes" | Kaempfert, Singleton, Snyder | 2:59 |

## Personnel

## Charts

Weekly chart performance for "Evidence"
| Chart (1995) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australia (ARIA) | 27 |
| Europe (Eurochart Hot 100) | 48 |
| Finland (Suomen virallinen lista) | 5 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 42 |
| New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ) | 38 |
| Scotland (OCC) | 31 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 32 |
| UK Rock & Metal (OCC) | 1 |

## Footnotes

### References

* Harte, Adrian (2018). *Small Victories: The True Story of Faith No More*. Jawbone Press. ISBN 978-1911036371.

## InfoBox

| "Evidence" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Faith No More | |
| from the album  *King for a Day... Fool for a Lifetime* | |
| Released | May 8, 1995 |
| Studio | Bearsville (Woodstock, New York) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 4:53 |
| Label | Slash |
| Composer(s) |  |
| Lyricist(s) | Mike Patton |
| Producer(s) |  |
| Faith No More singles chronology | |
| "Ricochet"
(1995) "**Evidence**"
(1995) "Ashes to Ashes"
(1997) | |


title: Ovbratten Peak

abstract: Ovbratten Peak is a steep, pyramidal rock peak about 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) southwest of Hogfonna Mountain, in the Borg Massif of Queen Maud Land. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–52) and named Ovbratten.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Ovbratten Peak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

text:
# Ovbratten Peak

**Ovbratten Peak** (72°47′S 3°44′W / 72.783°S 3.733°W / -72.783; -3.733) is a steep, pyramidal rock peak about 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) southwest of Hogfonna Mountain, in the Borg Massif of Queen Maud Land. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–52) and named Ovbratten.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Ovbratten Peak". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.


title: Exocentroides unispinicollis

abstract: Exocentroides unispinicollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1957.

text:
# Exocentroides unispinicollis

***Exocentroides unispinicollis*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1957.

## InfoBox

| *Exocentroides unispinicollis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Exocentroides*** |
| Species: | ***E. unispinicollis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Exocentroides unispinicollis***<br>Breuning, 1957 | |
|


title: Our Little Family

abstract: Our Little Family is an American reality television series that premiered on the TLC cable network, on February 17, 2015. But was shown again on November 17, 2018. The series revolves around the Hamill family: a family of five that live with dwarfism. The family consists of parents Dan and Michelle, their son Jack, and fraternal twins CeCe and Cate.

text:
# Our Little Family

***Our Little Family*** is an American reality television series that premiered on the TLC cable network, on February 17, 2015. But was shown again on November 17, 2018. The series revolves around the Hamill family: a family of five that live with dwarfism. The family consists of parents Dan and Michelle, their son Jack, and fraternal twins CeCe and Cate.

## Episodes

### Series overview

| Season | Episodes | | Originally aired | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | First aired | Last aired |
|  | 8 | | February 17, 2015 (2015-02-17) | March 17, 2015 (2015-03-17) |
|  | 9 | | August 25, 2015 (2015-08-25) | October 27, 2015 (2015-10-27) |

### Season 1 (2015)

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | "Meet the Hamills!" | February 17, 2015 (2015-02-17) |
| 2 | 2 | "A Hamill Halloween" | February 17, 2015 (2015-02-17) |
| 3 | 3 | "Our Little Family" | February 24, 2015 (2015-02-24) |
| 4 | 4 | "It's Potty Training Time!" | February 24, 2015 (2015-02-24) |
| 5 | 5 | "The Hamills Take on D.C." | March 3, 2015 (2015-03-03) |
| 6 | 6 | "The Twins Turn Three" | March 3, 2015 (2015-03-03) |
| 7 | 7 | "Giving Thanks and Making Space" | March 10, 2015 (2015-03-10) |
| 8 | 8 | "New Holiday Traditions" | March 17, 2015 (2015-03-17) |

### Season 2 (2015)

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 9 | 1 | "A Mother's Day Surprise!" | August 25, 2015 (2015-08-25) |
| 10 | 2 | "Let's Get Healthy" | September 1, 2015 (2015-09-01) |
| 11 | 3 | "Size Doesn't Matter" | September 15, 2015 (2015-09-15) |
| 12 | 4 | "Happy Father's Day, Daddy!" | September 22, 2015 (2015-09-22) |
| 13 | 5 | "What's One More Hamill?" | September 29, 2015 (2015-09-29) |
| 14 | 6 | "Independence Week for the Hamills" | October 6, 2015 (2015-10-06) |
| 15 | 7 | "Hamill Hustle and Bustle" | October 13, 2015 (2015-10-13) |
| 16 | 8 | "NYC, Here We Come!" | October 20, 2015 (2015-10-20) |
| 17 | 9 | "Small Talk" | October 27, 2015 (2015-10-27) |

## InfoBox

| *Our Little Family* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Reality television |
| Starring | * Dan Hamill * Michelle Hamill * Jack Hamill * Cate Hamill * CeCe Hamill * Eliezer Rodas  Co-Estrella
 |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 2 |
| No. of episodes | 17 |
| Production | |
| Running time | 21–42 minutes |
| Production company | Discovery Studios |
| Original release | |
| Network | TLC (2015, 2018) |
| Release | February 17 (2015-02-17)
October 27, 2015 (2015-10-27) |


abstract: Union was a central trade union organization of Hungarian and German workers in Slovakia. As of early 1920 Union claimed a membership of around 40,000 workers in southwestern Slovakia. Gyula Nagy, an important figure in the leftwing in Slovakia at the time, was the secretary of Union. Union had a strong presence amongst agricultural labourers. The organization was linked to the Hungarian-German Social Democratic Party. The organization emerged after the end of the First World War as a continuation of the German-Hungarian Gewerkschaftskartell. A congress of Hungarian and German trade unions of the Bratislava region was held September 28–30, 1919. The foundation had initially been planned for March 21, 1919, but had been postponed with the intention to await the emergence of a better environment for cooperation with the Slovak trade unions. Ahead of the September 1919 congress, however, the Slovak Executive Committee of the Czechoslovak Trade Union Association had initially called upon its affiliates not to attend. The Czechoslovak Trade Union Association unions had been invited to the congress in order to discuss the possibilities for joint action. In the end the leadership of the Czechoslovak Social Democratic Labour Party intervened, and the Slovak Executive Committee of the Czechoslovak Trade Union Association withdrew its previous decision. Both the Czechoslovak Social Democratic Labour Party and the Czechoslovak Trade Union Association had representatives attending the founding congress of Union. The congress resolved that the goal of the organization would be to seek unity of the trade union movement in Slovakia on territorial basis within the Czechoslovak Trade Union Association. A special commission to examine the possibilities of a merger between Union and the Czechoslovak Trade Union Association was formed at the congress, with participants from both organizations. Union did however remain opposed to immediate unification with the Slovak trade unions, seeking a large degree of autonomy in the short term. Union applied for registration on October 25, 1919. Union sent representatives to the Slovak congress of the Czechoslovak Trade Union Association held in Piešťany January 6–8, 1920. At the congress the Union representatives retained that they considered unification 'premature'. On March 14, 1920, an extraordinary congress of Union was held in Žilina. The Czechoslovak Trade Union Association, the Czechoslovak Social Democratic Labour Party and the Bohemian German Gewerkschaftsbund sent representatives to the congress. At the Žilina congress, the leftist tendency had a strong presence. The congress was held with the intention of prevention factional conflicts between the communist and moderate wings of the movement. Union held a congress on September 5, 1920, in Bratislava which called for unification with the Czechoslovak Trade Union Association 'on the platform of the Third International'. This move was rejected by the social democratic leaders of the Hungarian-German labour movement, though. Implementation was unrealistic anyway, as the communists remained a minority within the Czechoslovak Trade Union Association. Nevertheless, discussions on unification followed and by the end of September 1920 Union decided to merge into the Czechoslovak organization. The merger was effective in early 1921. Around 30,000 Hungarian and German workers joined the Slovak branch of the Czechoslovak Trade Union Association. However, many of them soon left as the communists formed a trade union centre of their own.

text:
# Union (Hungarian-German trade union council)

***Union*** was a central trade union organization of Hungarian and German workers in Slovakia. As of early 1920 *Union* claimed a membership of around 40,000 workers in southwestern Slovakia. Gyula Nagy, an important figure in the leftwing in Slovakia at the time, was the secretary of *Union* (as well as the Agricultural Labourers Union of Southwestern Slovakia and a parliamentarian of the Hungarian-German Social Democratic Party). *Union* had a strong presence amongst agricultural labourers. The organization was linked to the Hungarian-German Social Democratic Party.

The organization emerged after the end of the First World War as a continuation of the German-Hungarian *Gewerkschaftskartell* ('Trade Union Council'). A congress of Hungarian and German trade unions of the Bratislava region was held September 28–30, 1919. The foundation had initially been planned for March 21, 1919, but had been postponed with the intention to await the emergence of a better environment for cooperation with the Slovak trade unions. Ahead of the September 1919 congress, however, the Slovak Executive Committee of the Czechoslovak Trade Union Association had initially called upon its affiliates not to attend. The Czechoslovak Trade Union Association unions had been invited to the congress in order to discuss the possibilities for joint action. In the end the leadership of the Czechoslovak Social Democratic Labour Party intervened, and the Slovak Executive Committee of the Czechoslovak Trade Union Association withdrew its previous decision. Both the Czechoslovak Social Democratic Labour Party and the Czechoslovak Trade Union Association had representatives attending the founding congress of *Union*. The congress resolved that the goal of the organization would be to seek unity of the trade union movement in Slovakia on territorial basis within the Czechoslovak Trade Union Association. A special commission to examine the possibilities of a merger between *Union* and the Czechoslovak Trade Union Association was formed at the congress, with participants from both organizations. *Union* did however remain opposed to immediate unification with the Slovak trade unions, seeking a large degree of autonomy in the short term. *Union* applied for registration on October 25, 1919.

*Union* sent representatives to the Slovak congress of the Czechoslovak Trade Union Association held in Piešťany January 6–8, 1920. At the congress the *Union* representatives retained that they considered unification 'premature'.

On March 14, 1920, an extraordinary congress of *Union* was held in Žilina. The Czechoslovak Trade Union Association, the Czechoslovak Social Democratic Labour Party and the Bohemian German *Gewerkschaftsbund* sent representatives to the congress. At the Žilina congress, the leftist tendency had a strong presence. The congress was held with the intention of prevention factional conflicts between the communist and moderate wings of the movement.

*Union* held a congress on September 5, 1920, in Bratislava which called for unification with the Czechoslovak Trade Union Association 'on the platform of the Third International'. This move was rejected by the social democratic leaders of the Hungarian-German labour movement, though. Implementation was unrealistic anyway, as the communists remained a minority within the Czechoslovak Trade Union Association. Nevertheless, discussions on unification followed and by the end of September 1920 *Union* decided to merge into the Czechoslovak organization. The merger was effective in early 1921. Around 30,000 Hungarian and German workers joined the Slovak branch of the Czechoslovak Trade Union Association. However, many of them soon left as the communists formed a trade union centre of their own.

## Bibliography

* Pieter van Duin. *Central European Crossroads: Social Democracy and National Revolution in Bratislava (Pressburg), 1867–1921*. New York: Berghahn Books, 2009, ISBN 1-84545-395-6


title: Poperratic

abstract: Poperratic was a solo music project/band from Los Angeles, California. Its sole member was the songwriter, composer, and multi-instrumentalist Jammes Luckett. Its music traversed a number of genres, but was mostly distinguished by Luckett's heavy rhythm guitar work, layers of harmonies, catchy melodies, and storytelling lyrics. Jammes Luckett came to some international attention via her film and television soundtrack work with writer/film director Lucky McKee. It feature films, such as the cult favorite "May", The Woods, Masters of Horror: "Sick Girl", and Roman.

text:
# Poperratic

**Poperratic** was a solo music project/band from Los Angeles, California. Its sole member was the songwriter, composer, and multi-instrumentalist Jammes Luckett. Its music traversed a number of genres, but was mostly distinguished by Luckett's heavy rhythm guitar work, layers of harmonies, catchy melodies, and storytelling lyrics.

Jammes Luckett came to some international attention via her film and television soundtrack work with writer/film director Lucky McKee. It feature films, such as the cult favorite "May", *The Woods*, *Masters of Horror*: "Sick Girl", and *Roman* (the latter written by and starring McKee, and directed by fellow frequent collaborator Angela Bettis).

## History

Poperratic was founded in 1994, initially under the name Alien Tempo Experiment 13, and was renamed in 2004. Early years saw Luckett releasing lo-fi homemade albums on her label imprint Go Little Records, and in 1998, she released a 7" vinyl E.P. with Glimmerfed Records. The E.P. was co-produced by Luckett, with A.J. Lambert, then-future film director Lucky McKee, and also Don Fleming (musician) \[noted music producer who has worked with (Hole (band), Sonic Youth, and Shonen Knife)\].

In 2006, Poperratic performed at the International Pop Overthrow Music Festival in Los Angeles.

In early 2007, Poperratic's first studio album, 'Vagus (the wandering nerve.)' was released. A review at Perrero said of the 'Vagus', "The album overall has a really bluesy old school rock feel, by way of the grrl band movement of the early 1990s."

In addition to Poperratic, Luckett also wrote and performed as one-half of the electronic pop project DEUXO, with composer/musician/producer Schpilkas.

## Soundtrack work

Luckett's first feature film soundtrack work was for "May (film)," requested by longtime collaborator Lucky McKee. Luckett eventually wrote and performed various soundtracks for McKee; credited under various names including "Jaye Barnes Luckett" and "Alien Tempo Experiment 13". Luckett's scores earned a reputation for their "haunting melodies and textured atmosphere". Both Ain't It Cool News and The Los Angeles Times cited Jammes Luckett as a "composer to watch". . Most of her early scoring work for Lucky McKee was written, performed and recorded herself, with modest equipment, lending itself to the unconventional nature of her writing.

In 2007, Luckett's soundtrack work was recognized with a limited edition CD release containing an early career retrospective of Jammes Luckett and Poperratic's soundtrack work, "May and Other Selected Works of Jaye Barnes Luckett" was released by La-La Land Records, and also a place on the first-ever Composer Panel at the Fangoria Weekend of Horrors.

Though mostly known for her horror soundtracks, Luckett primarily worked in other genres. She also frequently worked with other directors such as Angela Bettis and writer/director Kevin Ford of Mo-Freek Filmworks.

## Personnel

### Past members

## Selected discography

1. "The International Pop Overthrow". *2006 IPO Schedule*. Retrieved January 19, 2008.
2. "Perrero.com". *Poperratic Review*. Retrieved November 2, 2006.
3. "DeuxoMusic.com". *Official Site*. Archived from the original on July 8, 2007. Retrieved January 1, 2008.
4. "La-La Land Records". *MAY Soundtrack Page*. Archived from the original on May 23, 2007. Retrieved June 1, 2007.
5. "Ain't It Cool News". *Cool News*. Retrieved July 19, 2002.
6. Thomas, Kevin (June 20, 2003). "The Los Angeles Times –". *Calendar Live: 'May' Movie Review*.
7. "Mo-Freek Filmworks". *Jaye Barnes Luckett*. Archived from the original on August 24, 2007. Retrieved March 26, 2007.

## InfoBox

| Poperratic | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Genres | Alternative rock, pop, indie rock, electronic, soundtracks, film music |
| Years active | 1994–2010 |
| Labels | Go Little Records
Glimmerfed Records
La-La Land Records |
|  | |
| Past members | Jammes Luckett |
|  | |
| Website | www.jammesluckett.com |


title: Mediterranean seas

abstract: In oceanography, a mediterranean sea is a mostly enclosed sea that has limited exchange of water with outer oceans and whose water circulation is dominated by salinity and temperature differences rather than by winds or tides. The eponymous Mediterranean Sea, for example, is almost completely enclosed by Asia, Europe, and Africa.

text:
# Mediterranean seas

In oceanography, a **mediterranean sea** (/ˌmɛdɪtəˈrniən/ *MED-ih-tə-RAY-nee-ən*) is a mostly enclosed sea that has limited exchange of water with outer oceans and whose water circulation is dominated by salinity and temperature differences rather than by winds or tides. The eponymous Mediterranean Sea, for example, is almost completely enclosed by Asia, Europe, and Africa.

## List of mediterranean seas

### Atlantic Ocean

### Indian Ocean

### Pacific Ocean

## Types of mediterranean seas

There are two types of mediterranean sea.

### Concentration basin

* A **concentration basin** has a higher salinity than the outer ocean due to evaporation, and its water exchange consists of inflow of the fresher oceanic water in the upper layer and outflow of the saltier mediterranean water in the lower layer of the connecting channel.
    + The Red Sea
    + The Persian Gulf
    + The Eurafrican Mediterranean Sea is also a concentration basin as a whole, but the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea are dilution basins (see below) owing to the Danube, Don, and Dnieper Rivers and the Po River respectively.

### Dilution basin

* A **dilution basin** has a lower salinity due to freshwater gains such as rainfall and rivers, and its water exchange consists of outflow of the fresher mediterranean water in the upper layer and inflow of the saltier oceanic water in the lower layer of the channel. Renewal of deep water may not be sufficient to supply oxygen to the bottom.

## Exceptions

* The Hudson Bay is so shallow it functions like a huge estuary.
* Having shallow channels and deep basins, the Sea of Japan could form a mediterranean sea, but the strong currents from the Pacific prevent it from having an independent water circulation.

## Further reading

*


title: Hawkeye, Iowa

abstract: Hawkeye is a city in Fayette County, Iowa, United States. The population was 438 at the time of the 2020 census.

text:
# Hawkeye, Iowa

**Hawkeye** is a city in Fayette County, Iowa, United States. The population was 438 at the time of the 2020 census.

## Geography

Hawkeye is located at 42°56′17″N 91°57′4″W / 42.93806°N 91.95111°W / 42.93806; -91.95111 (42.938020, -91.951029).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.67 square miles (1.74 km2), all land.

## Demographics

Historical populations
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1900 | 518 |  |
| 1910 | 510 | −1.5% |
| 1920 | 582 | +14.1% |
| 1930 | 530 | −8.9% |
| 1940 | 544 | +2.6% |
| 1950 | 511 | −6.1% |
| 1960 | 516 | +1.0% |
| 1970 | 529 | +2.5% |
| 1980 | 512 | −3.2% |
| 1990 | 460 | −10.2% |
| 2000 | 489 | +6.3% |
| 2010 | 449 | −8.2% |
| 2020 | 438 | −2.4% |
| Source:"U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 29, 2020. and Iowa Data Center
Source: U.S. Decennial Census | | |

### 2020 census

The 2020 United States census counted 438 people, 181 households, and 116 families in Hawkeye. The population density was 651.8 per square mile (251.7/km2). There were 220 housing units at an average density of 327.4 per square mile (126.4/km2). The racial makeup was 92.92% (407) white or European American (92.69% non-Hispanic white), 0.0% (0) black or African-American, 0.0% (0) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.0% (0) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 1.14% (5) from other races, and 5.94% (26) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 1.83% (8) of the population.

Of the 181 households, 22.7% had children under the age of 18; 48.6% were married couples living together; 23.8% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 28.7% of households consisted of individuals and 17.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.4 and the average family size was 3.2. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 9.1% of the population.

21.0% of the population was under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 24.7% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 22.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.8 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 95.5 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $43,333 (with a margin of error of +/- $15,357) and the median family income was $58,125 (+/- $20,618). Males had a median income of $29,410 (+/- $4,737) versus $22,344 (+/- $6,115) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $28,581 (+/- $1,981). Approximately, 6.2% of families and 11.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.3% of those under the age of 18 and 7.1% of those ages 65 or over.

### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 449 people, 201 households, and 123 families residing in the city. The population density was 670.1 inhabitants per square mile (258.7/km2). There were 227 housing units at an average density of 338.8 per square mile (130.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 99.1% White, 0.7% African American, and 0.2% Native American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.2% of the population.

There were 201 households, of which 25.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.3% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.8% were non-families. 36.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.89.

The median age in the city was 43.8 years. 20.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.9% were from 25 to 44; 27.6% were from 45 to 64; and 20.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.6% male and 49.4% female.

The median income for a household in the city was $30,333, and the median income for a family was $38,438. Males had a median income of $25,781 versus $20,781 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,319. About 6.0% of families and 8.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.7% of those under age 18 and 15.2% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

Hawkeye is a part of the North Fayette Valley Community School District. It was previously a part of the North Fayette Community School District, which merged into the North Fayette Valley district on July 1, 2018.

## Economy

### Windfarm

Located primarily between Hawkeye and Richfield, a 36 megawatt (MW) windfarm was constructed in 2012. The Hawkeye windfarm is owned by RPM Access and consists of 15 Nordex 2.5 MW turbines mounted on 100 meters (330 feet) tall towers. Central Iowa Power Cooperative is purchasing the power generated by the project under a long-term power purchase agreement and is distributing the power to its member cooperatives. The Hawkeye wind project hosted a ribbon cutting ceremony on October 8, 2012. The keynote speaker and guest of honor was Senator Chuck Grassley. See Video of Chuck Grassley

1. "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 16, 2022.
2. "2020 Census State Redistricting Data". *census.gov*. United states Census Bureau. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
3. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
4. "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 11, 2012.
5. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
6. "US Census Bureau, Table P16: HOUSEHOLD TYPE". *data.census.gov*. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
7. "US Census Bureau, Table DP1: PROFILE OF GENERAL POPULATION AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS". *data.census.gov*. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
8. Bureau, US Census. "Gazetteer Files". *Census.gov*. Retrieved December 30, 2023. `{{cite web}}`: `|last=` has generic name (help)
9. "US Census Bureau, Table P1: RACE". *data.census.gov*. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
10. "US Census Bureau, Table P2: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE". *data.census.gov*. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
11. "US Census Bureau, Table S1101: HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES". *data.census.gov*. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
12. "US Census Bureau, Table S1501: EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT". *data.census.gov*. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
13. "US Census Bureau, Table S1903: MEDIAN INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (IN 2020 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS)". *data.census.gov*. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
14. "US Census Bureau, Table S2001: EARNINGS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (IN 2020 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS)". *data.census.gov*. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
15. "US Census Bureau, Table S1701: POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS". *data.census.gov*. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
16. "US Census Bureau, Table S1702: POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS OF FAMILIES". *data.census.gov*. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
17. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 11, 2012.
18. "North Fayette." Iowa Department of Education. Retrieved on July 29, 2018.
19. "REORGANIZATION & DISSOLUTION ACTIONS SINCE 1965-66 Archived 2019-02-09 at the Wayback Machine." Iowa Department of Education. Retrieved on July 29, 2018.
20. "RPM Access - Company Profile". *RPM Access Website*. Retrieved February 21, 2013.

## InfoBox

| Hawkeye, Iowa | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| Location of Hawkeye, Iowa | |
| Coordinates: 42°56′17″N 91°57′4″W / 42.93806°N 91.95111°W / 42.93806; -91.95111 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Iowa |
| County | Fayette |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.67 sq mi (1.74 km2) |
| Land | 0.67 sq mi (1.74 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,168 ft (356 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 438 |
| Density | 651.79/sq mi (251.77/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 52147 |
| Area code | 563 |
| FIPS code | 19-35310 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0457327 |


title: Lielvārde Air Base

abstract: Lielvārde Air Base is a military air base in Rembate Parish, Ogre Municipality in the Vidzeme region of Latvia. It is located 7 kilometres (4 mi) north of Lielvārde and southeast of Riga.

text:
# Lielvārde Air Base

**Lielvārde Air Base** (ICAO: **EVGA**) is a military air base in Rembate Parish, Ogre Municipality in the Vidzeme region of Latvia. It is located 7 kilometres (4 mi) north of Lielvārde and southeast of Riga.

## History

Lielvārde was built in 1969 for a Soviet attack aircraft regiment.

In spring 1980, the 899th Fighter Aviation Regiment, part of the 1st Guards Stalingradsko-Berlinskaya Red Banner Fighter Aviation Division, 15th Air Army, moved from Riga-Rumbula in Latvia to Lielvārde. In July 1981 the regiment was redesignated as a Fighter-Bomber Aviation Regiment, and shifted to the 39th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Division, still within the Air Forces, but now within the Air Forces of the Baltic Military District, as they had become in 1981. The 899th Regiment was withdrawn to Buturlinovka, Voronezh Oblast, in June–July 1993.

The base was transferred from Russia to Latvia in 1994. It now forms the core of operations for the Latvian Air Force.

Between 2007 and 2014 the air base underwent a major modernization, including the construction of a new administrative headquarters building opened in 2009, and a state-of-the-art runway and taxiways. In September 2016, Latvia's Defence Minister Raimonds Bergmanis said infrastructure at the air base was "being constructed and modernized at a fast pace" in preparation for a Canadian-led multi-national NATO battalion expected to deploy to Latvia in the spring of 2017.

In February 2022, 20 Boeing AH-64D/E Apaches from 1st Battalion (Attack Reconnaissance), 3rd Aviation Regiment, 12th Combat Aviation Brigade, United States Army Aviation Branch, United States Army arrived for NATO exercises.

According to ADS-B tracking data, beginning on April 13, 2022 the airport received multiple visits by three LM-100J aircraft (N67AU, N96MG, N71KM) belonging to the American company Pallas Aviation. By December 31, 2023 these flights numbered at least 77, almost all originating at Ramstein Air Base in Germany.

Due to runway work at Ämari Air Base, a detachment of five German Air Force Eurofighters arrived at Lielvārde february 26 for a four month long deployment to support the NATO enhanced Air Policing in the region. This is the first time Lielvārde AIr Base has been used for Baltic Air Policing

## InfoBox

| Lielvārde Air Base | |
| --- | --- |
| Rembate Parish, Ogre Municipality in Latvia | |
|  | |
| LielvārdeShown within Latvia | |
| Coordinates | 56°46′42″N 024°51′12″E / 56.77833°N 24.85333°E / 56.77833; 24.85333 |
| Site information | |
| Owner | Latvian National Armed Forces |
| Operator | Latvian Air Force |
| Site history | |
| In use | Unknown - present |
| Airfield information | |
| Identifiers | ICAO: EVGA |
| Elevation | 61 metres (200 ft) AMSL |
| Runways  Direction Length and surface  00/00 2,500 metres (8,202 ft) Concrete | |
|  | |


title: Murtaza Hussain

abstract:
Murtaza Hussain is a Pakistani first-class cricketer. A right-arm offbreak bowler, Hussain has taken over 500 wickets in a career which began in 1990/91. His career best innings figures are 9 for 54. He played for Surrey in 2007 and 2008 and has also played for Pakistan A.
Hussain plays club cricket for Mildenhall Cricket Club in the East Anglian Premier Cricket League.

text:
# Murtaza Hussain

**Murtaza Hussain** (born December 20, 1974, in Punjab) is a Pakistani first-class cricketer. A right-arm offbreak bowler, Hussain has taken over 500 wickets in a career which began in 1990/91. His career best innings figures are 9 for 54. He played for Surrey in 2007 and 2008 and has also played for Pakistan A. Hussain plays club cricket for Mildenhall Cricket Club in the East Anglian Premier Cricket League.

## InfoBox

Murtaza Hussain
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Murtaza Hussain |
| Born | (1974-12-20) 20 December 1974<br>Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm off break |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 20072009 | Surrey |
| 20042009 | Pakistan Customs |
| 19902002 | Bahawalpur |
| 19972000 | Khan Research Laboratories |
| 19981999 | Islamabad |
| 19951997 | Pakistan National Shipping Corporation |
| 19941995 | United Bank Limited |
| 19921994 | Pakistan Automobiles Corporation |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition FC LA  Matches 148 106  Runs scored 3,571 762  Batting average 20.88 14.65  100s/50s 1/12 0/1  Top score 117 85  Balls bowled 34,051 4,827  Wickets 573 132  Bowling average 24.96 25.56  5 wickets in innings 36 1  10 wickets in match 7 0  Best bowling 9/54 5/18  Catches/stumpings 70/ 33/ | |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 14 October 2009 | |


abstract: The Committee on Transport and Tourism (TRAN) is a committee of the European Parliament. Its current chair is the Greek MEP Eliza Vozemberg of the European People's Party Group.

text:
# European Parliament Committee on Transport and Tourism

The **Committee on Transport and Tourism** (TRAN) is a committee of the European Parliament. Its current chair is the Greek MEP Eliza Vozemberg of the European People's Party Group.

## Research service

The Committee is directly supported by a research service, the Policy Department for Structural & Cohesion Policies. Most of its research studies and briefings are published online. The publications do not necessarily reflect the view of the Committee.