title: List of current SHL team rosters

abstract: The following is a list of the current Swedish Hockey League (SHL) team rosters.

text:
# List of current SHL team rosters

The following is a **list of the current Swedish Hockey League (SHL) team rosters.**

## Brynäs IF

| No. | Nat | Player | Pos | / | Age | Acquired | Birthplace |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 29 |  | Axel Andersson |  | R | 24 | 2024 | Järna, Sweden |
| 15 |  | Simon Bertilsson |  | L | 33 | 2020 | Karlskoga, Sweden |
| 45 |  | Charle-Édouard D'Astous |  | L | 26 | 2024 | Rimouski, Quebec, Canada |
| 3 |  | Christian Djoos |  | L | 30 | 2024 | Gothenburg, Sweden |
| 70 |  | Miks Indrašis | LW | L | 34 | 2024 | Riga, Latvian SSR, Soviet Union |
| 2 |  | Anton Johannesson |  | L | 22 | 2023 | Gnosjö, Sweden |
| 31 |  | Erik Källgren |  | L | 27 | 2024 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 28 |  | Johannes Kinnvall |  | R | 27 | 2022 | Gävle, Sweden |
| 52 |  | Jack Kopacka | RW | L | 26 | 2023 | Metamora, Michigan, United States |
| 22 |  | Kasper Larsen |  | L | 22 | 2023 | Rødovre, Denmark |
| 10 |  | Johan Larsson () |  | L | 32 | 2022 | Lau, Sweden |
| 37 |  | Hugo Lejon | RW | R | 19 | 2024 | Västerås, Sweden |
| 24 |  | Linus Lindblom | LW | L | 21 | 2022 | Gävle, Sweden |
| 23 |  | Oskar Lindblom | LW | L | 28 | 2024 | Gävle, Sweden |
| 4 |  | Theo Lindstein |  | L | 19 | 2021 | Gävle, Sweden |
| 40 |  | Anton Ohlsson |  | L | 19 | 2022 | Gävle, Sweden |
| 36 |  | Linus Ölund () |  | L | 27 | 2019 | Gävle, Sweden |
| 32 |  | Ludvig Persson |  | L | 24 | 2024 | Gothenburg, Sweden |
| 18 |  | Anton Rödin () | RW | L | 33 | 2019 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 11 |  | Jordan Schroeder |  | R | 34 | 2024 | Lakeville, Minnesota, United States |
| 41 |  | Greg Scott |  | R | 36 | 2019 | Victoria, British Columbia, Canada |
| 33 |  | Jakob Silfverberg | RW | R | 33 | 2024 | Gävle, Sweden |
| 8 |  | Bobby Trivigno | LW | L | 25 | 2024 | Setauket, New York, United States |
| 20 |  | Tyler Vesel |  | R | 30 | 2023 | Duluth, Minnesota, United States |
| 9 |  | Victor Söderström |  | R | 23 | 2024 | Skutskär, Sweden |

Updated 8 May 2024

## Djurgårdens IF

| No. | Nat | Player | Pos | / | Age | Acquired | Birthplace |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 7 |  | Johan Alm |  | L | 32 | 2022 | Skellefteå, Sweden |
|  |  | Axel Andersson |  | R | 24 | 2023 | Järna, Södertälje Municipality, Sweden |
| 8 |  | Linus Arnesson |  | L | 30 | 2021 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 26 |  | Emil Berglund |  | R | 30 | 2021 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 53 |  | David Blomgren | LW | L | 21 | 2022 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 34 |  | Daniel Brodin | RW | R | 34 | 2022 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 74 |  | Nicklas Danielsson | RW | R | 39 | 2022 | Uppsala, Sweden |
| 6 |  | Stefan Elliott |  | R | 33 | 2022 | Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada |
| 41 |  | Alexander Falk |  | L | 31 | 2022 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 58 |  | Fredrik Forsberg | LW | L | 28 | 2021 | Gothenburg, Sweden |
| 30 |  | Matthew Galajda |  | L | 26 | 2022 | Aurora, Ontario, Canada |
| 33 |  | Daniel Glad |  | L | 32 | 2023 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 4 |  | Edvin Hammarlund |  | L | 27 | 2022 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 42 |  | Ludvig Hedström |  | L | 23 | 2019 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 90 |  | Kevin Karlsson |  | L | 28 | 2022 | Linköping, Sweden |
| 86 |  | Linus Klasen | LW | L | 38 | 2022 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 32 |  | Marcus Krüger () |  | L | 34 | 2022 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 88 |  | Jonathan Lekkerimäki | RW | R | 20 | 2021 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 35 |  | Carl Lindbom |  | L | 21 | 2021 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 44 |  | Olle Liss | RW | R | 31 | 2022 | Dala-Floda, Sweden |
| 62 |  | Wiktor Nilsson | RW | R | 22 | 2020 | Vendelsö, Sweden |
| 37 |  | John Norman () |  | L | 33 | 2022 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 20 |  | Calle Odelius |  | L | 20 | 2021 | Nykvarn, Sweden |
| 28 |  | Liam Öhgren | LW | L | 20 | 2021 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 45 |  | Noah Östlund |  | L | 20 | 2021 | Nykvarn, Sweden |
| 24 |  | Ludvig Rensfeldt () |  | L | 32 | 2021 | Gävle, Sweden |
| 9 |  | Cameron Schilling |  | L | 35 | 2022 | Carmel, Indiana, United States |
|  |  | Patrick Thoresen | LW | L | 40 | 2024 | Oslo, Norway |
| 14 |  | Lukas Vejdemo |  | L | 28 | 2022 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 3 |  | Alexander Ytterell |  | R | 33 | 2022 | Vetlanda, Sweden |

Updated 6 March 2023

## Färjestad BK

| No. | Nat | Player | Pos | / | Age | Acquired | Birthplace |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 28 |  | Emil Alba | RW | L | 27 | 2024 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 44 |  | Jonathan Andersson |  | L | 31 | 2023 | Valdemarsvik, Sweden |
| 7 |  | Axel Bergkvist |  | L | 24 | 2022 | Insjön, Sweden |
| 41 |  | Henrik Björklund | RW | R | 34 | 2022 | Karlstad, Sweden |
| 50 |  | Damian Clara |  | L | 19 | 2024 | Brunico, Italy |
| 29 |  | Lucas Forsell | RW | R | 21 | 2020 | Västerås, Sweden |
| 75 |  | Jérémy Groleau |  | L | 24 | 2023 | Saint-Nicolas, Quebec, Canada |
| 59 |  | Linus Johansson () |  | L | 31 | 2021 | Ljungby, Sweden |
| 13 |  | Joel Kellman |  | L | 30 | 2023 | Tingsryd, Sweden |
| 33 |  | Maxime Lagacé |  | L | 31 | 2023 | Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures, Quebec, Canada |
| 34 |  | Michael Lindqvist | RW | R | 30 | 2018 | Danderyd, Sweden |
| 16 |  | Alexander Ljungkrantz | LW | L | 22 | 2024 | Gävle, Sweden |
| 71 |  | Viktor Lodin |  | L | 25 | 2024 | Leksand, Sweden |
| 32 |  | Magnus Nygren |  | R | 34 | 2023 | Karlstad, Sweden |
| 11 |  | Joakim Nygård () | LW | L | 31 | 2021 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 26 |  | Joel Nyström |  | R | 22 | 2020 | Karlstad, Sweden |
| 73 |  | Adam Ollas Mattsson |  | L | 28 | 2024 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 72 |  | Stian Solberg |  | L | 18 | 2024 | Oslo, Norway |
| 72 |  | Oskar Steen |  | R | 26 | 2024 | Karlstad, Sweden |
| 98 |  | Marián Studenič | RW | L | 25 | 2024 | Skalica, Slovakia |
| 52 |  | August Tornberg |  | R | 32 | 2022 | Pajala, Sweden |
| 96 |  | David Tomášek |  | R | 28 | 2023 | Prague, Czech Republic |
| 20 |  | Marcus Westfält |  | L | 24 | 2022 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 22 |  | Per Åslund | LW | L | 38 | 2016 | Kil, Sweden |

Updated 16 August 2024

## Frölunda HC

| No. | Nat | Player | Pos | / | Age | Acquired | Birthplace |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 |  | Lars Johansson |  | L | 37 | 2022 | Avesta, Sweden |
| 30 |  | Tobias Normann |  | L | 23 | 2024 | Fredrikstad, Norway |
| 2 |  | Christian Folin () |  | R | 33 | 2021 | Kungsbacka, Sweden |
| 3 |  | Albin Sundin |  | R | 20 | 2022 | Kungsbacka, Sweden |
| 6 |  | Filip Hasa |  | L | 24 | 2022 | Uppsala, Sweden |
| 7 |  | Henrik Tömmernes |  | L | 34 | 2023 | Karlstad, Sweden |
| 26 |  | Isac Heens |  | L | 24 | 2023 | Vansbro, Sweden |
| 33 |  | Linus Högberg |  | L | 26 | 2023 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 43 |  | Tom Nilsson |  | R | 31 | 2022 | Tyresö, Sweden |
| 46 |  | Dominik Egli |  | R | 26 | 2024 | Frauenfeld, Switzerland |
| 9 |  | Linus Weissbach | RW | L | 26 | 2024 | Gothenburg, Sweden |
| 12 |  | Max Friberg () | LW | R | 31 | 2017 | Skövde, Sweden |
| 15 |  | Gustav Rydahl |  | L | 30 | 2023 | Karlstad, Sweden |
| 17 |  | Isac Born | LW | L | 20 | 2022 | Onsala, Sweden |
| 22 |  | Linus Nässén |  | L | 24 | 2018 | Hönö, Sweden |
| 25 |  | Arttu Ruotsalainen | RW | L | 26 | 2024 | Oulu, Finland |
| 31 |  | Nicklas Lasu () |  | L | 35 | 2019 | Mölndal, Sweden |
| 32 |  | Noah Hasa |  | L | 21 | 2021 | Uppsala, Sweden |
| 39 |  | Mikael Ruohomaa |  | L | 35 | 2024 | Alastaro, Finland |
| 44 |  | Noah Dower Nilsson |  | L | 19 | 2022 | Strömstad, Sweden |
| 48 |  | Carl Klingberg | RW | R | 33 | 2023 | Gothenburg, Sweden |
| 62 |  | Wiktor Nilsson | RW | R | 22 | 2024 | Vendelsö, Sweden |
| 75 |  | David Edstrom |  | L | 19 | 2022 | Gothenburg, Sweden |
| 86 |  | Erik Thorell | LW | L | 32 | 2023 | Karlstad, Sweden |
| 92 |  | Filip Cederqvist |  | L | 24 | 2024 | Skara, Sweden |

Updated July 24, 2024

## HV71

Updated 13 April 2024

| No. | Nat | Player | Pos | / | Age | Acquired | Birthplace |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Hugo Alnefelt |  | L | 23 | 2024 | Danderyd, Sweden |
|  |  | Olle Alsing |  | L | 28 | 2024 | Uppsala, Sweden |
| 19 |  | Henrik Borgström |  | L | 27 | 2023 | Helsinki, Finland |
| 17 |  | Isac Brännström | LW | L | 26 | 2023 | Nässjö, Sweden |
| 80 |  | Frederik Dichow |  | R | 23 | 2023 | Vojens, Denmark |
| 44 |  | Hugo Fransson |  | L | 20 | 2023 | Tranås, Sweden |
| 77 |  | Herman Hansson | LW | L | 30 | 2022 | Mörrum, Sweden |
| 67 |  | Oliwer Kaski |  | R | 29 | 2022 | Pori, Finland |
| 75 |  | Radan Lenc |  | L | 33 | 2022 | Mladá Boleslav, Czechoslovakia |
| 33 |  | Måns Lindbäck | RW | L | 28 | 2021 | Kalmar, Sweden |
|  |  | Joona Luoto |  | L | 27 | 2024 | Tampere, Finland |
| 24 |  | Oscar Fisker Mølgaard |  | L | 19 | 2022 | Frederikshavn, Denmark |
| 27 |  | Bobby Nardella |  | L | 28 | 2023 | Rosemont, Illinois, United States |
|  |  | William Nilsson Ignberg | RW | R | 23 | 2024 | Umeå, Sweden |
|  |  | John Nyberg |  | L | 28 | 2024 | Gothenburg, Sweden |
| 40 |  | André Petersson () | LW | R | 34 | 2022 | Olofström, Sweden |
| 12 |  | Hugo Pettersson | LW | R | 19 | 2023 | Tranås, Sweden |
| 55 |  | Mikael Seppälä |  | L | 30 | 2023 | Ylivieska, Finland |
| 5 |  | Victor Sjöholm |  | R | 21 | 2020 | Jönköping, Sweden |
| 23 |  | Åke Stakkestad |  | L | 22 | 2023 | Kungälv, Sweden |
| 40 |  | Oskar Stål Lyrenäs | RW | R | 26 | 2023 | Umeå, Sweden |
| 66 |  | Olle Strandell |  | L | 25 | 2023 | Leksand, Sweden |
| 21 |  | Mattias Tedenby | LW | L | 34 | 2022 | Vetlanda, Sweden |
| 26 |  | Tommi Tikka |  | L | 29 | 2023 | Helsinki, Finland |
|  |  | Herman Träff |  | R | 18 | 2023 | Växjö, Sweden |

## IK Oskarshamn

| No. | Nat | Player | Pos | / | Age | Acquired | Birthplace |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13 |  | Rasmus Bengtsson |  | L | 31 | 2022 | Landskrona, Sweden |
| 22 |  | Erik Bradford |  | L | 29 | 2024 | Orangeville, Canada |
| 3 |  | Niclas Burström |  | L | 33 | 2022 | Skellefteå, Sweden |
| 90 |  | Liam Hawel | RW | R | 25 | 2024 | Arnprior, Ontario |
| 20 |  | Joel Jonsson | LW | L | 20 | 2024 | Brunflo, Sweden |
| 26 |  | Ville Jonsson |  | L | 20 | 2024 | Örnsköldsvik, Sweden |
| 49 |  | Michael Joyaux |  | R | 27 | 2024 | Bloomingdale, USA |
| 21 |  | Hampus Karlsson |  | L | 23 | 2023 | Landsbro, Sweden |
| 43 |  | Max Krogdahl |  | R | 25 | 2024 | Bærum, Norway |
| 35 |  | Emil Kruse |  | L | 29 | 2023 | Karlstad, Sweden |
| 38 |  | Axel Landén |  | R | 19 | 2024 | Jönköping, Sweden |
| 53 |  | Kade Landry |  | L | 25 | 2024 | Wallace, Canada |
| 62 |  | Felix Nilsson |  | L | 19 | 2024 | Stcokholm, Sweden |
| 92 |  | Zion Nybeck | LW | L | 22 | 2024 | Alvesta, Sweden |
| 30 |  | Tomas Rydén |  | L | 30 | 2024 | Karlstad, Sweden |
| 33 |  | Ludvig Östman |  | L | 25 | 2024 | Borlänge, Sweden |

**Source:** eliteprospects.comAs of 13 April 2024.

## Leksands IF

| No. | Nat | Player | Pos | / | Age | Acquired | Birthplace |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 40 |  | Mantas Armalis |  | L | 32 | 2022 | Plungė, Lithuania |
| 8 |  | Matthew Caito |  | R | 31 | 2020 | Coto de Caza, California, United States |
| 34 |  | Peter Cehlárik | LW | L | 29 | 2023 | Žilina, Slovakia |
| 24 |  | Arvid Eljas |  | L | 21 | 2020 | Björbo, Sweden |
| 25 |  | Lucas Elvenes | LW | L | 25 | 2022 | Ängelholm, Sweden |
| 36 |  | Hannes Hellberg | LW | L | 20 | 2024 | Täby, Sweden |
|  |  | Jakob Hellsten |  | L | 24 | 2024 | Ljusdal, Sweden |
| 27 |  | Marek Hrivík |  | L | 33 | 2022 | Čadca, Czechoslovakia |
| 10 |  | Anton Johansson |  | R | 20 | 2021 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 7 |  | Marcus Karlberg | LW | R | 24 | 2017 | Leksand, Sweden |
| 11 |  | Martin Karlsson | LW | L | 33 | 2015 | Falun, Sweden |
| 28 |  | Justin Kloos |  | R | 30 | 2021 | Lakeville, Minnesota, United States |
| 13 |  | Jon Knuts | LW | L | 33 | 2014 | Malung, Sweden |
| 4 |  | Lucas Lagerberg Hoen |  | L | 20 | 2024 | Mora, Sweden |
| 14 |  | Oskar Lang | LW | L | 27 | 2014 | Arvika, Sweden |
| 33 |  | Eddie Larsson |  | L | 33 | 2023 | Mariestad, Sweden |
| 6 |  | Alexander Lundqvist |  | L | 23 | 2021 | Skellefteå, Sweden |
|  |  | Joonas Lyytinen |  | L | 29 | 2024 | Espoo, Finland |
| 3 |  | Fred Nilsson |  | R | 21 | 2023 | Bollnäs, Sweden |
| 26 |  | Patrik Norén () |  | L | 31 | 2020 | Säter, Sweden |
| 12 |  | Kalle Östman |  | L | 30 | 2022 | Borlänge, Sweden |
|  |  | Axel Rindell |  | R | 24 | 2024 | Espoo, Finland |
| 22 |  | Lukas Vejdemo |  | L | 28 | 2023 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 15 |  | Max Véronneau | RW | R | 28 | 2023 | Sandy Hill, Ontario, Canada |
| 9 |  | Patrik Zackrisson () |  | R | 37 | 2019 | Ekerö, Sweden |

As of 16 August 2024

## Linköping HC

| No. | Nat | Player | Pos | / | Age | Acquired | Birthplace |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 55 |  | Arvid Aronsson |  | L | 26 | 2023 | Kungsbacka, Sweden |
| 90 |  | Lance Bouma | LW | L | 34 | 2023 | Provost, Alberta, Canada |
| 21 |  | Christoffer Ehn | LW | L | 28 | 2021 | Lidköping, Sweden |
| 18 |  | Remi Elie | LW | L | 29 | 2023 | Green Valley, Ontario, Canada |
| 5 |  | Oscar Fantenberg () |  | L | 32 | 2022 | Ljungby, Sweden |
|  |  | Christian Heljanko |  | L | 27 | 2024 | Askola, Finland |
| 53 |  | Adam Hofbauer |  | L | 21 | 2024 | Bromma, Sweden |
| 3 |  | Linus Hultström () |  | R | 31 | 2022 | Vimmerby, Sweden |
| 6 |  | Mattias Hävelid |  | R | 20 | 2021 | Täby, Sweden |
| 20 |  | Johan Johnsson |  | L | 31 | 2024 | Jönköping, Sweden |
| 4 |  | Oscar Lawner | LW | L | 23 | 2024 | Karlstad, Sweden |
| 41 |  | Broc Little () | LW | L | 36 | 2018 | Phoenix, Arizona, United States |
| 61 |  | Markus Ljungh () |  | L | 33 | 2020 | Västerås, Sweden |
| 31 |  | Jesper Myrenberg |  | L | 24 | 2022 | Täby, Sweden |
| 8 |  | Jonathan Myrenberg |  | R | 21 | 2021 | Täby, Sweden |
| 9 |  | Erik Norén |  | L | 22 | 2024 | Örebro, Sweden |
| 39 |  | Ty Rattie | RW | R | 31 | 2022 | Calgary, Alberta, Canada |
|  |  | Rasmus Rissanen |  | L | 33 | 2024 | Kuopio, Finland |
| 19 |  | Patrick Russell | LW | R | 31 | 2021 | Birkerød, Denmark |
|  |  | Nick Shore |  | R | 32 | 2024 | Denver, Colorado, United States |
| 11 |  | Henrik Törnqvist | RW | R | 28 | 2019 | Motala, Sweden |
| 26 |  | Fabian Wagner |  | L | 20 | 2021 | Nyköping, Sweden |
| 27 |  | William Worge Kreü |  | L | 24 | 2023 | Linköping, Sweden |

Updated 15 August 2024

## Luleå HF

| No. | Nat | Player | Pos | / | Age | Acquired | Birthplace |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 3 |  | Frédéric Allard |  | R | 26 | 2023 | Saint-Sauveur, Quebec, Canada |
| 96 |  | Pontus Andreasson |  | L | 26 | 2023 | Munkedal, Sweden |
| 96 |  | Mathias Bromé |  | L | 30 | 2024 | Örby, Sweden |
| 14 |  | Jonas Berglund |  | L | 33 | 2017 | Älvsbyn, Sweden |
| 10 |  | Einar Emanuelsson | RW | R | 27 | 2016 | Kiruna, Sweden |
| 29 |  | Erik Gustafsson () |  | L | 35 | 2018 | Sundsvall, Sweden |
| 5 |  | Marcus Hardegård |  | L | 27 | 2023 | Älvsbyn, Sweden |
| 6 |  | Isac Hedqvist |  | L | 19 | 2022 | Örnsköldsvik, Sweden |
| 9 |  | Ludvig Jansson |  | R | 20 | 2023 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 13 |  | Eetu Koivistoinen |  | L | 29 | 2024 | Tampere, Finland |
| 27 |  | Oskari Laaksonen |  | R | 25 | 2023 | Tampere, Finland |
| 34 |  | Joel Lassinantti |  | L | 31 | 2021 | Luleå, Sweden |
| 76 |  | Anton Levtchi | LW | L | 28 | 2024 | Varkaus, Finland |
| 40 |  | David Lilja | LW | L | 24 | 2023 | Karlskoga, Sweden |
| 33 |  | Albin Lundin |  | L | 28 | 2024 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 15 |  | Carl Mattsson |  | L | 25 | 2018 | Gammelstad, Sweden |
| 51 |  | Markus Nurmi | RW | R | 26 | 2024 | Turku, Finland |
| 91 |  | Brian O'Neill |  | R | 36 | 2024 | Yardley, Pennsylvania, United States |
| 67 |  | Linus Omark () | LW | L | 37 | 2023 | Övertorneå, Sweden |
| 23 |  | Jesper Sellgren |  | L | 26 | 2022 | Örnsköldsvik, Sweden |
| 24 |  | Brendan Shinnimin |  | L | 33 | 2021 | East St. Paul, Manitoba, Canada |
| 39 |  | Pontus Själin |  | L | 28 | 2015 | Östersund, Sweden |
| 31 |  | Matteus Ward |  | L | 23 | 2022 | Nyköping, Sweden |

Updated 17 August 2024

## Malmö Redhawks

| No. | Nat | Player | Pos | / | Age | Acquired | Birthplace |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6 |  | Dominik Badinka |  | R | 18 | 2023 | Chomutov, Czech Republic |
| 20 |  | Thomas Berg-Paulsen |  | L | 25 | 2023 | Stavanger, Norway |
| 41 |  | Joseph Berger |  | L | 24 | 2024 | Visby, Sweden |
| 23 |  | Christoffer Forsberg () |  | L | 30 | 2015 | Östersund, Sweden |
| 79 |  | Jakub Galvas |  | L | 25 | 2023 | Ostrava, Czech Republic |
| 27 |  | Henrik Haapala | LW | L | 30 | 2024 | Lempäälä, Finland |
| 78 |  | Robin Hanzl |  | L | 35 | 2024 | Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic |
| 63 |  | Fredrik Händemark () |  | L | 31 | 2021 | Björbo, Sweden |
| 32 |  | Joona Ikonen | RW | R | 26 | 2024 | Tampere, Finland |
| 17 |  | Johan Ivarsson |  | L | 29 | 2023 | Höör, Sweden |
| 58 |  | Hugo Jonasson |  | L | 21 | 2024 | Ljungby, Sweden |
| 26 |  | Teemu Kivihalme |  | L | 29 | 2023 | Cloquet, Minnesota, United States |
| 94 |  | Marek Langhamer |  | L | 30 | 2024 | Moravská Třebová, Czech Republic |
| 16 |  | Matias Lassen |  | L | 28 | 2018 | Rødovre, Denmark |
| 72 |  | Daniel Marmenlind |  | L | 26 | 2021 | Uppsala, Sweden |
| 8 |  | Johan Olofsson | RW | R | 30 | 2017 | Arvika, Sweden |
| 12 |  | Linus Öberg | RW | R | 24 | 2024 | Vänersborg, Sweden |
| 11 |  | Nikola Pasic |  | L | 23 | 2024 | Gislaved, Sweden |
| 95 |  | Carl Persson | LW | L | 29 | 2018 | Kristianstad, Sweden |
| 42 |  | Robin Salo |  | L | 25 | 2024 | Espoo, Finland |
| 53 |  | Albert Sjöberg |  | R | 21 | 2023 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 91 |  | Axel Sundberg | RW | R | 26 | 2023 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 33 |  | Lassi Thomson |  | R | 24 | 2024 | Tampere, Finland |
| 13 |  | Petter Vesterheim |  | L | 20 | 2024 | Lørenskog, Norway |
| 10 |  | William von Barnekow |  | L | 21 | 2020 | Malmö, Sweden |

Last updated on 16 August 2024

## Rögle BK

| No. | Nat | Player | Pos | / | Age | Acquired | Birthplace |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 28 |  | Anton Bengtsson () |  | L | 31 | 2019 | Nässjö, Sweden |
| 21 |  | Henry Bowlby | LW | L | 27 | 2023 | Edina, Minnesota, United States |
| 67 |  | Leon Bristedt | LW | L | 29 | 2024 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 62 |  | Eric Bürger |  | L | 18 | 2024 | Vallentuna, Sweden |
| 5 |  | Ludvig Claesson |  | L | 28 | 2023 | Ljungsarp, Sweden |
|  |  | Josh Dickinson |  | L | 26 | 2024 | Georgetown, Ontario, Canada |
| 16 |  | Lucas Ekeståhl Jonsson |  | L | 28 | 2023 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 73 |  | Oliver Eklind |  | L | 26 | 2024 | Kumla, Sweden |
| 18 |  | Dennis Everberg () | RW | L | 32 | 2019 | Västerås, Sweden |
| 12 |  | Brady Ferguson () | LW | L | 30 | 2020 | Lewisville, Texas, United States |
| 24 |  | Mattias Göransson |  | L | 29 | 2024 | Grums, Sweden |
|  |  | Arvid Holm |  | L | 25 | 2024 | Ljungby, Sweden |
|  |  | Filip Johansson |  | R | 24 | 2024 | Västerås, Sweden |
| 3 |  | Michael Kapla |  | L | 30 | 2022 | Eau Claire, Wisconsin, United States |
|  |  | Jacob Peterson |  | L | 25 | 2024 | Lidköping, Sweden |
| 77 |  | Jesper Pettersson |  | R | 30 | 2022 | Halmstad, Sweden |
| 65 |  | Christoffer Rifalk |  | L | 28 | 2019 | Kalix, Sweden |
| 8 |  | Linus Sandin | RW | R | 28 | 2022 | Uppsala, Sweden |
|  |  | Calle Själin |  | L | 25 | 2024 | Östersund, Sweden |
| 27 |  | Linus Sjödin |  | L | 22 | 2020 | Ängelholm, Sweden |
| 36 |  | Axel Smeds |  | R | 20 | 2022 | Helsingborg, Sweden |
|  |  | Albin Sundsvik |  | L | 23 | 2023 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 72 |  | Daniel Zaar | RW | R | 30 | 2022 | Helsingborg, Sweden |

Updated 7 August 2024

## Skellefteå AIK

| No. | Nat | Player | Pos | / | Age | Acquired | Birthplace |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 28 |  | Michael Brandsegg-Nygård | RW | R | 18 | 2024 | Oslo, Norway |
| 6 |  | Måns Forsfjäll |  | L | 22 | 2020 | Skellefteå, Sweden |
| 33 |  | Zeb Forsfjäll |  | L | 19 | 2021 | Skellefteå, Sweden |
| 8 |  | Petter Granberg |  | R | 32 | 2018 | Gällivare, Sweden |
| 2 |  | Linus Högberg |  | L | 26 | 2023 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 96 |  | Rickard Hugg |  | L | 25 | 2019 | Hudiksvall, Sweden |
| 22 |  | Jonathan Johnson |  | L | 31 | 2020 | Gävle, Sweden |
| 9 |  | Theo Keilin |  | L | 21 | 2021 | Västerås, Sweden |
| 11 |  | Max Lindholm |  | L | 27 | 2022 | Österhaninge, Sweden |
| 17 |  | Pär Lindholm () |  | L | 32 | 2022 | Kusmark, Sweden |
| 30 |  | Gustaf Lindvall |  | L | 33 | 2016 | Skellefteå, Sweden |
| 10 |  | Joakim Lindström () |  | L | 40 | 2016 | Skellefteå, Sweden |
| 16 |  | Linus Lindström |  | L | 26 | 2014 | Skellefteå, Sweden |
| 52 |  | Arvid Lundberg |  | L | 30 | 2022 | Skellefteå, Sweden |
| 23 |  | Adam Mascherin | LW | L | 26 | 2021 | Maple, Ontario, Canada |
| 45 |  | Oscar Möller () | RW | L | 35 | 2016 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 58 |  | Oskar Nilsson |  | L | 33 | 2020 | Luleå, Sweden |
| 56 |  | Anton Olsson |  | L | 21 | 2022 | Helsingborg, Sweden |
| 64 |  | Jonathan Pudas () |  | R | 31 | 2021 | Kiruna, Sweden |
| 44 |  | Elias Salomonsson |  | R | 20 | 2020 | Skellefteå, Sweden |
| 43 |  | Filip Sandberg |  | R | 30 | 2022 | Järfälla, Sweden |
| 5 |  | Axel Sandin Pellikka |  | R | 19 | 2022 | Gällivare, Sweden |
| 29 |  | Dylan Sikura | RW | L | 29 | 2023 | Aurora, Ontario |
| 32 |  | Linus Söderström |  | L | 28 | 2022 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 24 |  | Elias Stenman |  | L | 21 | 2020 | Norrtälje, Sweden |
| 50 |  | Frans Tuohimaa |  | L | 33 | 2023 | Helsinki, Finland |
| 40 |  | Andreas Wingerli | LW | L | 27 | 2022 | Lycksele, Sweden |

Updated 26 February 2023

## Växjö Lakers

| No. | Nat | Player | Pos | / | Age | Acquired | Birthplace |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 86 |  | Joachim Blichfeld | RW | R | 26 | 2022 | Frederikshavn, Denmark |
| 21 |  | Brian Cooper |  | L | 30 | 2022 | Anchorage, Alaska, United States |
| 25 |  | Filip Eriksson |  | L | 19 | 2022 | Ljungby, Sweden |
| 8 |  | Zach Giuttari |  | R | 28 | 2023 | Warwick, Rhode Island, United States |
| 6 |  | Petter Granberg |  | R | 32 | 2024 | Gällivare, Sweden |
| 28 |  | Hugo Gustafsson |  | L | 24 | 2021 | Södertälje, Sweden |
|  |  | Karl Henriksson |  | L | 23 | 2024 | Malmö, Sweden |
|  |  | Otto Koivula | LW | L | 26 | 2024 | Nokia, Finland |
| 33 |  | Emil Larmi |  | L | 28 | 2021 | Lahti, Finland |
| 4 |  | Keegan Lowe () |  | L | 31 | 2022 | Greenwich, Connecticut, United States |
| 27 |  | Martin Lundberg |  | L | 34 | 2017 | Skellefteå, Sweden |
| 64 |  | Eric Martinsson |  | L | 31 | 2023 | Klippan, Sweden |
|  |  | Dylan McLaughlin |  | L | 29 | 2023 | Lancaster, New York, United States |
| 41 |  | Ludvig Nilsson | LW | L | 30 | 2019 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 94 |  | Joel Persson () |  | R | 30 | 2020 | Kristianstad, Sweden |
| 40 |  | Dennis Rasmussen |  | L | 34 | 2024 | Västerås, Sweden |
|  |  | Félix Robert |  | L | 25 | 2024 | Lac-Mégantic, Quebec, Canada |
| 36 |  | Elias Rosén |  | L | 25 | 2023 | Landshut, Germany |
| 9 |  | Victor Stjernborg | /LW | L | 21 | 2020 | Malmö, Sweden |
| 29 |  | Sebastian Strandberg |  | L | 32 | 2024 | Visingsö, Sweden |
| 82 |  | Joel Svensson | LW | R | 19 | 2022 | Oskarshamn, Sweden |
| 51 |  | Emil Sylvegård | LW | L | 31 | 2023 | Malmö, Sweden |
| 62 |  | Manuel Ågren | LW | L | 30 | 2022 | Oskarshamn, Sweden |
| 70 |  | Adam Åhman |  | L | 25 | 2021 | Västervik, Sweden |

Updated 18 August 2024

## Örebro HK

| No. | Nat | Player | Pos | / | Age | Acquired | Birthplace |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 28 |  | Linus Arnesson |  | L | 30 | 2023 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 31 |  | Jonas Arntzen |  | L | 26 | 2019 | Oslo, Norway |
| 5 |  | Gustav Backström () |  | L | 29 | 2013 | Lindesberg, Sweden |
| 6 |  | Filip Berglund |  | R | 27 | 2022 | Skellefteå, Sweden |
| 24 |  | Hannes Björninen () |  | L | 28 | 2023 | Lahti, Finland |
| 14 |  | Liam Danielsson | RW | R | 18 | 2024 | Gävle, Sweden |
| 40 |  | Elias Ekström | LW | L | 23 | 2019 | Hällefors, Sweden |
| 1 |  | Jhonas Enroth |  | L | 36 | 2020 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 44 |  | Melvin Fernström | RW | R | 18 | 2023 | Bålsta, Sweden |
| 37 |  | Glenn Gustafsson () | LW | L | 26 | 2023 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 25 |  | Philip Holm |  | L | 32 | 2022 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 89 |  | Patrik Karlkvist | RW | R | 32 | 2024 | Trosa, Sweden |
| 36 |  | Emil Larsson () | LW | L | 31 | 2020 | Lugano, Switzerland |
| 61 |  | Ludvig Larsson |  | L | 29 | 2023 | Malmö, Sweden |
| 62 |  | Robert Leino |  | R | 31 | 2020 | Hämeenlinna, Finland |
| 33 |  | Christopher Mastomäki |  | L | 27 | 2017 | Nacka, Sweden |
| 9 |  | Niklas Nilsson |  | L | 21 | 2021 | Tyresö, Sweden |
| 56 |  | Robin Norell |  | L | 29 | 2023 | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 39 |  | Milton Oscarson | RW | L | 21 | 2020 | Örebro, Sweden |
|  |  | Patrik Puistola | RW | L | 23 | 2024 | Tampere, Finland |
|  |  | David Quenneville |  | R | 26 | 2024 | Edmonton, Alberta, Canada |
| 26 |  | Luka Radivojevič |  | R | 17 | 2023 | Edina, Minnesota, United States |
|  |  | Peetro Seppälä |  | L | 24 | 2024 | Kuusankoski, Finland |
|  |  | Noah Steen | LW | L | 20 | 2024 | Oslo, Norway |
| 17 |  | William Wikman | LW | L | 27 | 2022 | Danderyd, Sweden |

Updated 18 August 2024


abstract: The following players have been named captains and alternate captains of their Swedish Hockey League (SHL) teams for the 2016–17 season.

text:
# List of current SHL captains and alternate captains

The following players have been named **captains and alternate captains of their Swedish Hockey League (SHL) teams** for the 2016–17 season.

| Team | Captain | Alternate Captain(s) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Brynäs IF | Anton Rödin | Elias Fälth |
| | | Ryan Gunderson |
| | | Lukas Kilström |
| Djurgården | Joakim Eriksson | Alexander Fällström |
| | | Markus Ljungh |
| | | Calle Ridderwall |
| Frölunda HC | Joel Lundqvist | Nicklas Lasu |
| | | Henrik Tömmernes |
| Färjestad BK | Magnus Nygren | Alexander Johansson |
| | | Ole-Kristian Tollefsen |
| HV71 | Chris Abbott | Martin Thörnberg |
| | | Simon Önerud |
| Karlskrona HK | Morten Madsen | Alexander Bergström |
| | | Daniel Gunnarsson |
| | | Mattias Karlsson |
| Leksands IF | Jesper Ollas | Martin Karlsson |
| | | Jon Knuts |
| Linköpings HC | Niklas Persson | Andrew Gordon |
| | | Sebastian Karlsson |
| Luleå HF | Johan Harju | Karl Fabricius |
| | | Brendan Mikkelson |
| | | Jan Sandström |
| Malmö Redhawks | Erik Forssell | Robin Alvarez |
| | | Nils Andersson |
| | | Andreas Thuresson |
| Rögle BK | Christopher Liljewall | Dominik Granak |
| | | Ludvig Rensfeldt |
| Skellefteå AIK | Jimmie Ericsson | Pär Lindholm |
| | | Joakim Lindström |
| Växjö Lakers | Liam Reddox | Erik Josefsson |
| | | Tuomas Kiiskinen |
| Örebro HK | Viktor Ekbom | Joakim Andersson |
| | | Alexander Hellström |
| | | Tom Wandell |
|


title: Wang Meng (speed skater)

abstract: Wang Meng is a Chinese short track speed skater. She is a four-time Olympic Champion and 2008 and 2009 Overall World Champion. She is the most decorated Chinese Winter Olympic athlete ever with four Olympic gold medals, a silver and a bronze. Wang won gold in the 500 m event, silver in the 1000 m and bronze in the 1500 m event at the 2006 Winter Olympics. She won 500 m and 1000 m gold medals at the 2010 Vancouver Olympics and added a third gold medal in the 3000 m relay with the China team. Wang has also won 18 gold medals at the World Championships. She is one of the most decorated short track speed skaters of all time.

text:
# Wang Meng (speed skater)

**Wang Meng** (Chinese: 王濛; pinyin: *Wáng Méng*; born April 10, 1985, in Qitaihe, Heilongjiang) is a Chinese short track speed skater. She is a four-time Olympic Champion and 2008 and 2009 Overall World Champion. She is the most decorated Chinese Winter Olympic athlete ever with four Olympic gold medals, a silver and a bronze. Wang won gold in the 500 m event, silver in the 1000 m and bronze in the 1500 m event at the 2006 Winter Olympics. She won 500 m and 1000 m gold medals at the 2010 Vancouver Olympics and added a third gold medal in the 3000 m relay with the China team. Wang has also won 18 gold medals at the World Championships. She is one of the most decorated short track speed skaters of all time.

## Early life

Wang Meng started short track speed skating in 1994, when she was nine. In 1998 she entered Heilongjiang Provincial Sports School, which is affiliated with Harbin Institute of Physical Education. She graduated from Harbin Institute of Physical Education.

## 2010 Winter Olympics

Wang was considered a strong contender for all short track speed skating events at the 2010 Winter Olympics. She won the gold medal in the 500 m event in which she had previously been dominant and was considered to be the favorite to win. She set three Olympic records in the 500 m heats, while in the finals she led from start to finish accumulating a huge lead ahead of all other competitors. In the 1,500 m race, she failed to finish after having lost her footing and crashing into the barricades. However, she came back to win the 3,000 m relay with the Chinese team and the 1,000 m solo race. She ended up snatching three gold medals, which makes her the most successful Winter Olympian ever for China.

## Conflict with the team manager

On 24 July 2011, Wang Meng had a physical conflict with the team manager Wang Chunlu at the hotel in the Qingdao training camp. In the scuffle her arm was injured and she had to be taken to a hospital. There was a lot of speculation in the media as to what had really happened, but both sides involved provided very different stories, which makes the truth unclear to this day.

Ten days after the incident, on 4 August 2011, Wang Meng was expelled from the national short track speed skating team and the same applied to her teammate Liu Xianwei, who actively supported Wang during those ten days. The team manager, Wang Chunlu, was moved to another position, and Liu Hao became the new team manager.

## 2014 Winter Olympics

On 16 January 2014, Wang collided with a teammate while training in Shanghai for the 2014 Winter Olympics. She broke her ankle, which required surgery and a recovery period of at least six months. She missed the Olympics as a result.

## International Competition Podiums

| Date | Competition | Location | Rank | Event | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 4 Jan 2002 | 2002 World Junior Championships, Chuncheon | Chuncheon, Korea |  | 1500 m | 2:30.709 |
| 5 Jan 2002 | 2002 World Junior Championships, Chuncheon | Chuncheon, Korea |  | 500 m | 46.072 |
| 6 Jan 2002 | 2002 World Junior Championships, Chuncheon | Chuncheon, Korea |  | Overall | 55 points |
| 6 Jan 2002 | 2002 World Junior Championships, Chuncheon | Chuncheon, Korea |  | 2000 m relay | 2:54.832 |
| 19 Oct 2002 | 2002–03 ISU World Cup, Chuncheon | Chuncheon, Korea |  | 500 m | 45.689 |
| 20 Oct 2002 | 2002–03 ISU World Cup, Chuncheon | Chuncheon, Korea |  | 3000 m relay | 4:20.382 |
| 25 Oct 2002 | 2002–03 ISU World Cup, Beijing | Beijing, China |  | 1500 m | 2:41.008 |
| 26 Oct 2002 | 2002–03 ISU World Cup, Beijing | Beijing, China |  | 500 m | 44.838 |
| 27 Oct 2002 | 2002–03 ISU World Cup, Beijing | Beijing, China |  | 1000 m | 1:36.181 |
| 27 Oct 2002 | 2002–03 ISU World Cup, Beijing | Beijing, China |  | 3000 m relay | 4:16.214 |
| 1 Dec 2002 | 2002–03 ISU World Cup, St. Petersburg | St. Petersburg, Russia |  | 3000 m relay | 4:19.627 |
| 1 Feb 2003 | 2003 Asian Winter Games, Aomori | Misawa Ice Arena |  | 500 m | 46.242 |
| 15 Feb 2003 | 2002–03 ISU World Cup, Saguenay | Saguenay, Canada |  | 500 m | 45.532 |
| 16 Feb 2003 | 2002–03 ISU World Cup, Saguenay | Saguenay, Canada |  | 1000 m | 1:35.236 |
| 16 Feb 2003 | 2002–03 ISU World Cup, Saguenay | Saguenay, Canada |  | 3000 m | 6:01.232 |
| 16 Feb 2003 | 2002–03 ISU World Cup, Saguenay | Saguenay, Canada |  | 3000 m relay | 4:22.375 |
| 16 Mar 2003 | 2003 World Team Championships, Sofia | Sofia, Bulgaria |  | Team | 31 points |
| 23 Mar 2003 | 2003 World Championships, Poland | Warsaw, Poland |  | 3000 m relay | 4:22.030 |
| 17 Oct 2003 | 2003–04 ISU World Cup, Calgary | Calgary, Canada |  | 1500 m | 2:27.429 |
| 18 Oct 2003 | 2003–04 ISU World Cup, Calgary | Calgary, Canada |  | 500 m | 43.983 |
| 19 Oct 2003 | 2003–04 ISU World Cup, Calgary | Calgary, Canada |  | Overall | 71 points |
| 19 Oct 2003 | 2003–04 ISU World Cup, Calgary | Calgary, Canada |  | 3000 m relay | 4:11.804 |
| 25 Oct 2003 | 2003–04 ISU World Cup, Marquette | Marquette, United States |  | 1000 m | 1:35.371 |
| 25 Oct 2003 | 2003–04 ISU World Cup, Marquette | Marquette, United States |  | 3000 m relay | 4:16.686 |
| 28 Nov 2003 | 2003–04 ISU World Cup, Jeonju | Hwasan Ice Arena |  | 1500 m | 2:41.645 |
| 6 Dec 2003 | 2003–04 ISU World Cup, Beijing | Beijing, China |  | 500 m | 44.658 |
| 7 Dec 2003 | 2003–04 ISU World Cup, Beijing | Beijing, China |  | 1000 m | 1:36.777 |
| 7 Dec 2003 | 2003–04 ISU World Cup, Beijing | Beijing, China |  | 3000 m | 6:09.238 |
| 7 Dec 2003 | 2003–04 ISU World Cup, Beijing | Beijing, China |  | Overall | 68 points |
| 7 Dec 2003 | 2003–04 ISU World Cup, Beijing | Beijing, China |  | 3000 m relay | 4:22.200 |
| 8 Feb 2004 | 2003–04 ISU World Cup, Mladá Boleslav | Mladá Boleslav, Czech Republic |  | 1000 m | 1:32.350 |
| 8 Feb 2004 | 2003–04 ISU World Cup, Mladá Boleslav | Mladá Boleslav, Czech Republic |  | 3000 m relay | 4:19.859 |
| 12 Feb 2004 | 2003–04 ISU World Cup, Bormio | Bormio, Italy |  | 1500 m | 2:26.210 |
| 13 Feb 2004 | 2003–04 ISU World Cup, Bormio | Bormio, Italy |  | 500 m | 43.892 |
| 14 Feb 2004 | 2003–04 ISU World Cup, Bormio | Bormio, Italy |  | 1000 m | 1:33.276 |
| 14 Feb 2004 | 2003–04 ISU World Cup, Bormio | Bormio, Italy |  | 3000 m relay | 4:17.147 |
| 14 Mar 2004 | 2004 World Team Championships, St. Petersburg | St. Petersburg, Russia |  | Team | 37 points |
| 19 Mar 2004 | 2004 World Championships, Gothenburg | Gothenburg, Sweden |  | 1500 m | 2:28.299 |
| 20 Mar 2004 | 2004 World Championships, Gothenburg | Gothenburg, Sweden |  | 500 m | 45.332 |
| 21 Mar 2004 | 2004 World Championships, Gothenburg | Gothenburg, Sweden |  | Overall | 60 points |
| 21 Mar 2004 | 2004 World Championships, Gothenburg | Gothenburg, Sweden |  | 3000 m relay | 4:21.112 |
| 22 Oct 2004 | 2004–05 ISU World Cup, Harbin | Conference Expo & Sports Center |  | 1500 m | 2:27.619 |
| 23 Oct 2004 | 2004–05 ISU World Cup, Harbin | Conference Expo & Sports Center |  | 500 m | 45.037 |
| 24 Oct 2004 | 2004–05 ISU World Cup, Harbin | Conference Expo & Sports Center |  | 1000 m | 1:33.872 |
| 24 Oct 2004 | 2004–05 ISU World Cup, Harbin | Conference Expo & Sports Center |  | Overall | 90 points |
| 29 Oct 2004 | 2004–05 ISU World Cup, Beijing | Capital Gymnasium |  | 1500 m | 2:21.127 |
| 31 Oct 2004 | 2004–05 ISU World Cup, Beijing | Capital Gymnasium |  | 3000 m relay | 4:18.392 |
| 27 Nov 2004 | 2004–05 ISU World Cup, Madison | Madison, United States |  | 500 m | 44.733 |
| 28 Nov 2004 | 2004–05 ISU World Cup, Madison | Madison, United States |  | 3000 m | 5:35.568 |
| 28 Nov 2004 | 2004–05 ISU World Cup, Madison | Madison, United States |  | 3000 m relay | 4:16.722 |
| 4 Dec 2004 | 2004–05 ISU World Cup, Saguenay | Saguenay, Canada |  | 500 m | 44.867 |
| 5 Dec 2004 | 2004–05 ISU World Cup, Saguenay | Saguenay, Canada |  | 3000 m | 5:31.936 |
| 5 Dec 2004 | 2004–05 ISU World Cup, Saguenay | Saguenay, Canada |  | Overall | 55 points |
| 5 Dec 2004 | 2004–05 ISU World Cup, Saguenay | Saguenay, Canada |  | 3000 m relay | 4:18.222 |
| 5 Feb 2005 | 2004–05 ISU World Cup, Budapest | Budapest, Hungary |  | 500 m | 45.259 |
| 6 Feb 2005 | 2004–05 ISU World Cup, Budapest | Budapest, Hungary |  | 3000 m relay | 4:22.012 |
| 11 Feb 2005 | 2004–05 ISU World Cup, Spišská Nová Ves | Spišská Nová Ves, Slovakia |  | 500 m | 44.585 |
| 12 Feb 2005 | 2004–05 ISU World Cup, Spišská Nová Ves | Spišská Nová Ves, Slovakia |  | 3000 m relay | 4:18.116 |
| 6 Mar 2005 | 2005 World Team Championships, Chuncheon | Chuncheon, Korea |  | Team | 35 points |
| 11 Mar 2005 | 2005 World Championships, Beijing | Capital Gymnasium |  | 1500 m | 2:20.876 |
| 12 Mar 2005 | 2005 World Championships, Beijing | Capital Gymnasium |  | 500 m | 44.972 |
| 13 Mar 2005 | 2005 World Championships, Beijing | Capital Gymnasium |  | 1000 m | 1:31.343 |
| 13 Mar 2005 | 2005 World Championships, Beijing | Capital Gymnasium |  | 3000 m relay | 4:18.889 |
| 30 Sep 2005 | 2005–06 ISU World Cup, Hangzhou | Yellow Dragon Sports Center |  | 1500 m | 2:23.375 |
| 1 Oct 2005 | 2005–06 ISU World Cup, Hangzhou | Yellow Dragon Sports Center |  | 500 m | 44.185 |
| 2 Oct 2005 | 2005–06 ISU World Cup, Hangzhou | Yellow Dragon Sports Center |  | 1000 m | 1:30.172 |
| 2 Oct 2005 | 2005–06 ISU World Cup, Hangzhou | Yellow Dragon Sports Center |  | Overall | 102 points |
| 2 Oct 2005 | 2005–06 ISU World Cup, Hangzhou | Yellow Dragon Sports Center |  | 3000 m relay | 4:14.931 |
| 8 Oct 2005 | 2005–06 ISU World Cup, Seoul | Seoul, Korea |  | 500 m | 44.736 |
| 9 Oct 2005 | 2005–06 ISU World Cup, Seoul | Seoul, Korea |  | 1000 m | 1:34.033 |
| 9 Oct 2005 | 2005–06 ISU World Cup, Seoul | Seoul, Korea |  | 3000 m relay | 4:15.883 |
| 12 Nov 2005 | 2005–06 ISU World Cup, Bormio | Bormio, Italy |  | 500 m | 43.708 |
| 13 Nov 2005 | 2005–06 ISU World Cup, Bormio | Bormio, Italy |  | 3000 m | 5:47.514 |
| 13 Nov 2005 | 2005–06 ISU World Cup, Bormio | Bormio, Italy |  | Overall | 60 points |
| 18 Nov 2005 | 2005–06 ISU World Cup, The Hague | The Hague, Netherlands |  | 1500 m | 2:24.219 |
| 19 Nov 2005 | 2005–06 ISU World Cup, The Hague | The Hague, Netherlands |  | 500 m | 44.772 |
| 20 Nov 2005 | 2005–06 ISU World Cup, The Hague | The Hague, Netherlands |  | 1000 m | 1:32.211 |
| 20 Nov 2005 | 2005–06 ISU World Cup, The Hague | The Hague, Netherlands |  | Overall | 79 points |
| 15 Feb 2006 | 2006 Winter Olympics, Torino | Torino Palavela |  | 500 m | 44.345 |
| 18 Feb 2006 | 2006 Winter Olympics, Torino | Torino Palavela |  | 1500 m | 2:24.469 |
| 25 Feb 2006 | 2006 Winter Olympics, Torino | Torino Palavela |  | 1000 m | 1:31.783 |
| 26 Mar 2006 | 2006 World Team Championships, Montreal | Maurice Richard Arena |  | Team | 38 points |
| 31 Mar 2006 | 2006 World Championships, Minneapolis | Mariucci Arena |  | 1500 m | 2:22.027 |
| 1 Apr 2006 | 2006 World Championships, Minneapolis | Mariucci Arena |  | 500 m | 43.904 |
| 2 Apr 2006 | 2006 World Championships, Minneapolis | Mariucci Arena |  | 1000 m | 1:31.649 |
| 2 Apr 2006 | 2006 World Championships, Minneapolis | Mariucci Arena |  | 3000 m | 5:34.522 |
| 2 Apr 2006 | 2006 World Championships, Minneapolis | Mariucci Arena |  | Overall | 97 points |
| 2 Apr 2006 | 2006 World Championships, Minneapolis | Mariucci Arena |  | 3000 m relay | 4:17.143 |
| 21 Oct 2006 | 2006–07 ISU World Cup, Changchun | Changchun Wuhuan Gymnasium |  | 500 m | 44.239 |
| 22 Oct 2006 | 2006–07 ISU World Cup, Changchun | Changchun Wuhuan Gymnasium |  | 1000 m | 1:32.788 |
| 22 Oct 2006 | 2006–07 ISU World Cup, Changchun | Changchun Wuhuan Gymnasium |  | 3000 m relay | 4:20.422 |
| 28 Oct 2006 | 2006–07 ISU World Cup, Jeonju | Hwasan Ice Arena |  | 1000 m | 1:32.897 |
| 29 Oct 2006 | 2006–07 ISU World Cup, Jeonju | Hwasan Ice Arena |  | 500 m | 44.647 |
| 22 Oct 2006 | 2006–07 ISU World Cup, Changchun | Changchun Wuhuan Gymnasium |  | 3000 m relay | 4:18.524 |
| 2 Dec 2006 | 2006–07 ISU World Cup, Saguenay | Centre Georges-Vézina |  | 500 m | 44.064 |
| 3 Dec 2006 | 2006–07 ISU World Cup, Saguenay | Centre Georges-Vézina |  | 500 m | 43.953 |
| 3 Dec 2006 | 2006–07 ISU World Cup, Saguenay | Centre Georges-Vézina |  | 3000 m relay | 4:14.493 |
| 9 Dec 2006 | 2006–07 ISU World Cup, Montreal | Maurice Richard Arena |  | 1000 m | 1:32.785 |
| 10 Dec 2006 | 2006–07 ISU World Cup, Montreal | Maurice Richard Arena |  | 3000 m relay | 4:15.734 |
| 29 Jan 2007 | 2007 Asian Winter Games, Changchun | Changchun Wuhuan Gymnasium |  | 1500 m | 2:24.408 |
| 30 Jan 2007 | 2007 Asian Winter Games, Changchun | Changchun Wuhuan Gymnasium |  | 500 m | 43.869 |
| 31 Jan 2007 | 2007 Asian Winter Games, Changchun | Changchun Wuhuan Gymnasium |  | 1000 m | 1:33.115 |
| 31 Jan 2007 | 2007 Asian Winter Games, Changchun | Changchun Wuhuan Gymnasium |  | 3000 m relay | 4:13.293 |
| 10 Feb 2007 | 2006–07 ISU World Cup, Budapest | Budapest, Hungary |  | 500 m | 44.158 |
| 11 Feb 2007 | 2006–07 ISU World Cup, Budapest | Budapest, Hungary |  | 500 m | 43.858 |
| 11 Feb 2007 | 2006–07 ISU World Cup, Budapest | Budapest, Hungary |  | 3000 m relay | 4:15.379 |
| 20 Oct 2007 | 2007–08 ISU World Cup, Harbin | Conference Expo & Sports Center |  | 1000 m | 1:30.924 |
| 21 Oct 2007 | 2007–08 ISU World Cup, Harbin | Conference Expo & Sports Center |  | 500 m | 43.694 |
| 21 Oct 2007 | 2007–08 ISU World Cup, Harbin | Conference Expo & Sports Center |  | 3000 m relay | 4:13.357 |
| 27 Oct 2007 | 2007–08 ISU World Cup, Kobe | Port Island Sports Center |  | 1000 m | 1:34.025 |
| 28 Oct 2007 | 2007–08 ISU World Cup, Kobe | Port Island Sports Center |  | 500 m | 44.858 |
| 28 Oct 2007 | 2007–08 ISU World Cup, Kobe | Port Island Sports Center |  | 3000 m relay | 4:20.799 |
| 24 Nov 2007 | 2007–08 ISU World Cup, Heerenveen | Thialf |  | 500 m | 44.491 |
| 25 Nov 2007 | 2007–08 ISU World Cup, Heerenveen | Thialf |  | 1000 m | 1:30.760 |
| 25 Nov 2007 | 2007–08 ISU World Cup, Heerenveen | Thialf |  | 3000 m relay | 4:15.008 |
| 2 Dec 2007 | 2007–08 ISU World Cup, Torino | Torino Palavela |  | 500 m | 43.326 |
| 2 Dec 2007 | 2007–08 ISU World Cup, Torino | Torino Palavela |  | 3000 m relay | 4:15.082 |
| 3 Feb 2008 | 2007–08 ISU World Cup, Quebec City | Pavillon de la Jeunesse |  | 500 m | 43.286 |
| 3 Feb 2008 | 2007–08 ISU World Cup, Quebec City | Pavillon de la Jeunesse |  | 3000 m relay | 4:12.160 |
| 9 Feb 2008 | 2007–08 ISU World Cup, Salt Lake City | Utah Olympic Oval |  | 500 m | 43.216 |
| 10 Feb 2008 | 2007–08 ISU World Cup, Salt Lake City | Utah Olympic Oval |  | 1000 m | 1:31.080 |
| 10 Feb 2008 | 2007–08 ISU World Cup, Salt Lake City | Utah Olympic Oval |  | 3000 m relay | 4:09.981 |
| 7 Mar 2008 | 2008 World Championships, Gangneung | Gangneung International Ice rink |  | 1500 m | 2:22.819 |
| 8 Mar 2008 | 2008 World Championships, Gangneung | Gangneung International Ice rink |  | 500 m | 43.888 |
| 9 Mar 2008 | 2008 World Championships, Gangneung | Gangneung International Ice rink |  | 1000 m | 1:32.527 |
| 9 Mar 2008 | 2008 World Championships, Gangneung | Gangneung International Ice rink |  | Overall | 107 points |
| 9 Mar 2008 | 2008 World Championships, Gangneung | Gangneung International Ice rink |  | 3000 m relay | 4:19.568 |
| 16 Mar 2008 | 2008 World Team Championships, Harbin | Conference Expo & Sports Center |  | Team | 45 points |
| 18 Oct 2008 | 2008–09 ISU World Cup, Salt Lake City | Utah Olympic Oval |  | 1000 m | 1:29.776 |
| 19 Oct 2008 | 2008–09 ISU World Cup, Salt Lake City | Utah Olympic Oval |  | 500 m | 43.125 |
| 19 Oct 2008 | 2008–09 ISU World Cup, Salt Lake City | Utah Olympic Oval |  | 3000 m relay | 4:07.179 |
| 25 Oct 2008 | 2008–09 ISU World Cup, Vancouver | Pacific Coliseum |  | 1000 m | 1:30.598 |
| 26 Oct 2008 | 2008–09 ISU World Cup, Vancouver | Pacific Coliseum |  | 500 m | 43.449 |
| 26 Oct 2008 | 2008–09 ISU World Cup, Vancouver | Pacific Coliseum |  | 3000 m relay | 4:11.386 |
| 29 Nov 2008 | 2008–09 ISU World Cup, Beijing | Capital Gymnasium |  | 500 m | 42.609 |
| 30 Nov 2008 | 2008–09 ISU World Cup, Beijing | Capital Gymnasium |  | 1000 m | 1:30.028 |
| 30 Nov 2008 | 2008–09 ISU World Cup, Beijing | Capital Gymnasium |  | 3000 m relay | 4:07.804 |
| 6 Dec 2008 | 2008–09 ISU World Cup, Nagano | Wakasato Multiple Sports Arena |  | 1000 m | 1:30.790 |
| 7 Dec 2008 | 2008–09 ISU World Cup, Nagano | Wakasato Multiple Sports Arena |  | 500 m | 43.666 |
| 7 Dec 2008 | 2008–09 ISU World Cup, Nagano | Wakasato Multiple Sports Arena |  | 3000 m relay | 4:13.253 |
| 7 Feb 2009 | 2008–09 ISU World Cup, Sofia | Winter Sports Hall |  | 1000 m | 1:30.510 |
| 7 Mar 2009 | 2009 World Championships, Vienna | Ferry-Dusika-Hallenstadion |  | 500 m | 43.182 |
| 8 Mar 2009 | 2009 World Championships, Vienna | Ferry-Dusika-Hallenstadion |  | 1000 m | 1:29.878 |
| 8 Mar 2009 | 2009 World Championships, Vienna | Ferry-Dusika-Hallenstadion |  | Overall | 81 points |
| 8 Mar 2009 | 2009 World Championships, Vienna | Ferry-Dusika-Hallenstadion |  | 3000 m relay | 4:10.531 |
| 15 Mar 2009 | 2009 World Team Championships, Heerenveen | Thialf |  | Team | 46 points |
| 19 Sep 2009 | 2009–10 ISU World Cup, Beijing | Capital Gymnasium |  | 500 m | 43.430 |
| 26 Sep 2009 | 2009–10 ISU World Cup, Seoul | Mokdong Ice Rink |  | 500 m | 43.603 |
| 27 Sep 2009 | 2009–10 ISU World Cup, Seoul | Mokdong Ice Rink |  | 1000 m | 1:31.287 |
| 27 Sep 2009 | 2009–10 ISU World Cup, Seoul | Mokdong Ice Rink |  | 3000 m relay | 4:13.889 |
| 7 Nov 2009 | 2009–10 ISU World Cup, Montreal | Maurice Richard Arena |  | 500 m | 43.515 |
| 8 Nov 2009 | 2009–10 ISU World Cup, Montreal | Maurice Richard Arena |  | 1000 m | 1:30.731 |
| 8 Nov 2009 | 2009–10 ISU World Cup, Montreal | Maurice Richard Arena |  | 3000 m relay | 4:13.406 |
| 14 Nov 2009 | 2009–10 ISU World Cup, Marquette | Berry Events Center |  | 500 m | 42.961 |
| 15 Nov 2009 | 2009–10 ISU World Cup, Marquette | Berry Events Center |  | 1000 m | 1:29.723 |
| 15 Nov 2009 | 2009–10 ISU World Cup, Marquette | Berry Events Center |  | 3000 m relay | 4:09.793 |
| 17 Feb 2010 | 2010 Winter Olympics, Vancouver | Pacific Coliseum |  | 500 m | 42.985 |
| 24 Feb 2010 | 2010 Winter Olympics, Vancouver | Pacific Coliseum |  | 3000 m relay | 4:06.610 |
| 26 Feb 2010 | 2010 Winter Olympics, Vancouver | Pacific Coliseum |  | 1000 m | 1:29.213 |
| 20 Mar 2010 | 2010 World Championships, Sofia | Winter Sports Hall |  | 500 m | 43.353 |
| 21 Mar 2010 | 2010 World Championships, Sofia | Winter Sports Hall |  | 1000 m | 1:30.572 |
| 21 Mar 2010 | 2010 World Championships, Sofia | Winter Sports Hall |  | Overall | 68 points |
| 21 Oct 2012 | 2012–13 ISU World Cup, Calgary | Olympic Oval |  | 500 m | 43.029 |
| 21 Oct 2012 | 2012–13 ISU World Cup, Calgary | Olympic Oval |  | 3000 m relay | 4:07.530 |
| 27 Oct 2012 | 2012–13 ISU World Cup, Montreal | Maurice Richard Arena |  | 500 m | 43.885 |
| 28 Oct 2012 | 2012–13 ISU World Cup, Montreal | Maurice Richard Arena |  | 3000 m relay | 4:14.305 |
| 2 Dec 2012 | 2012–13 ISU World Cup, Nagoya | Nippon Gaishi Hall |  | 500 m | 43.476 |
| 2 Dec 2012 | 2012–13 ISU World Cup, Nagoya | Nippon Gaishi Hall |  | 3000 m relay | 4:11.843 |
| 8 Dec 2012 | 2012–13 ISU World Cup, Shanghai | Oriental Sports Center |  | 1000 m | 1:30.558 |
| 9 Dec 2012 | 2012–13 ISU World Cup, Shanghai | Oriental Sports Center |  | 500 m | 43.159 |
| 9 Dec 2012 | 2012–13 ISU World Cup, Shanghai | Oriental Sports Center |  | 3000 m relay | 4:07.660 |
| 2 Feb 2013 | 2012–13 ISU World Cup, Sochi | Iceberg Skating Palace |  | 500 m | 43.019 |
| 3 Feb 2013 | 2012–13 ISU World Cup, Sochi | Iceberg Skating Palace |  | 3000 m relay | 4:10.425 |
| 10 Feb 2013 | 2012–13 ISU World Cup, Dresden | EnergieVerbund Arena |  | 500 m | 42.597 |
| 10 Feb 2013 | 2012–13 ISU World Cup, Dresden | EnergieVerbund Arena |  | 3000 m relay | 4:13.148 |
| 9 Mar 2013 | 2013 World Championships, Debrecen | Főnix Hall |  | 500 m | 43.177 |
| 10 Mar 2013 | 2013 World Championships, Debrecen | Főnix Hall |  | 1000 m | 1:31.460 |
| 10 Mar 2013 | 2013 World Championships, Debrecen | Főnix Hall |  | Overall | 68 points |
| 10 Mar 2013 | 2013 World Championships, Debrecen | Főnix Hall |  | 3000 m relay | 4:14.104 |
| 29 Sep 2013 | 2013–14 ISU World Cup, Shanghai | Oriental Sports Center |  | 3000 m relay | 4:08.405 |
| 5 Oct 2013 | 2013–14 ISU World Cup, Seoul | Mokdong Ice Rink |  | 500 m | 42.997 |
| 6 Oct 2013 | 2013–14 ISU World Cup, Seoul | Mokdong Ice Rink |  | 3000 m relay | 4:08.128 |
| 9 Nov 2013 | 2013–14 ISU World Cup, Torino | PalaTazzoli |  | 500 m | 42.934 |
| 10 Nov 2013 | 2013–14 ISU World Cup, Torino | PalaTazzoli |  | 3000 m relay | 4:11.404 |
| 16 Nov 2013 | 2013–14 ISU World Cup, Kolomna | Kolomna Speed Skating Centre |  | 500 m | 42.797 |
| 17 Nov 2013 | 2013–14 ISU World Cup, Kolomna | Kolomna Speed Skating Centre |  | 3000 m relay | 4:06.785 |

## InfoBox

Wang Meng
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1985-04-10) April 10, 1985<br>Qitaihe, Heilongjiang, China |
| Height | 167 cm (5 ft 6 in) |
| Weight | 58 kg (128 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Country | China |
| Sport | Short track speed skating |
|  | |
| World Cup wins | 2004 Overall<br>2008 Overall<br>2009 Overall |
| World championship wins | 2008 Overall<br>2009 Overall<br>2013 Overall |
|  | |
| Achievements and titles | |
| Personal best(s) | 500 m: 42.597 (2013)<br>1000 m: 1:29.213 (2010)<br>1500 m: 2:20.876 (2005)<br>3000 m: 5:11.515(2004) |
| Medal record      Women's short track speed skating  Representing  China   Event 1st 2nd 3rd  Olympic Games 4 1 1  World Championships 18 10 3  World Team Championships 3 4 0  Asian Games 2 2 1   Olympic Games  2006 Turin  500 m  2010 Vancouver  500 m  2010 Vancouver  1000 m  2010 Vancouver  3000 m relay  2006 Turin  1000 m  2006 Turin  1500 m  World Championships  2003 Warsaw  3000 m relay  2004 Gothenburg  500 m  2006 Minneapolis  500 m  2006 Minneapolis 3000 m relay  2008 Gangneung  **Overall**  2008 Gangneung 500 m  2008 Gangneung 1000 m  2008 Gangneung 1500 m  2009 Vienna  **Overall**  2009 Vienna 500 m  2009 Vienna 1000 m  2009 Vienna 3000 m relay  2010 Sofia  500 m  2010 Sofia 1000 m  2013 Debrecen  **Overall**  2013 Debrecen 500 m  2013 Debrecen 1000 m  2013 Debrecen 3000 m relay  2004 Gothenburg **Overall**  2004 Gothenburg 1500 m  2004 Gothenburg 3000 m relay  2005 Beijing  500 m  2005 Beijing 3000 m relay  2006 Minneapolis **Overall**  2006 Minneapolis 1000 m  2006 Minneapolis 1500 m  2006 Minneapolis 3000 m  2010 Sofia **Overall**  2005 Beijing 1000 m  2005 Beijing 1500 m  2008 Gangneung 3000 m relay  World Team Championships  2008 Harbin Team  2009 Heerenveen Team  2003 Sofia Team  2004 St. Petersburg Team  2005 Chuncheon Team  2006 Montréal Team  World Junior Championships  2002 Chuncheon 500 m  2002 Chuncheon Overall  2002 Chuncheon 1500 m  2002 Chuncheon 2000 m relay  Asian Winter Games  2007 Changchun 500 m  2007 Changchun 3000 m relay  2003 Aomori 500 m  2007 Changchun 1000 m  2007 Changchun 1500 m | |


title: Nirvanopsis

abstract: Nirvanopsis is a butterfly genus from the subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae. The only species in the genus, Nirvanopsis hypnus, occurs in Indonesia.

text:
# Nirvanopsis

***Nirvanopsis*** is a butterfly genus from the subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae. The only species in the genus, ***Nirvanopsis hypnus***, occurs in Indonesia.

1. "*Nirvanopsis* Vane-Wright in Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003" at Markku Savela's *Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms*

## InfoBox

| *Nirvanopsis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Tribe: | Elymniini |
| Genus: | *Nirvanopsis*
Vane-Wright, 2003 |
| Species: | ***N. hypnus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Nirvanopsis hypnus***
(Tsukada & Nishiyama, 1979) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| Genus-level:
Species-level:
* *Nirvana hypnus*
Tsukada & Nishiyama, 1979 | |


title: Purnell, Baltimore

abstract: Purnell is a neighborhood in west Baltimore.

text:
# Purnell, Baltimore

**Purnell** is a neighborhood in west Baltimore.

## Geography

Purnell is bounded by the Forest Park Golf Course to the north, West Forest Park Avenue to the east, Purnell Drive to the south, and the Baltimore City limits to the west. The neighborhood consists of two residential streets connected to West Forest Park Avenue, Gatehouse Drive, which terminates at a dead end within the neighborhood, and Purnell Drive, which extends beyond the city limits into Baltimore County. Adjacent neighborhoods include Howard Park (north), West Forest Park (east), and Dickeyville (south). To the west, in Baltimore County, it borders the unincorporated Gwynn Oak area in the census-designated place of Woodlawn. The triangular area of Baltimore County bounded by the city line, Gwynn Oak Avenue, and Windsor Mill Road, which the western portion of Purnell Drive extends into, has been referred to by multiple names, including Old Woodlawn, Powhatan Hill, Gwynn Oak, and Larchmont.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | 849 |  |
| 2020 | 596 | −29.8% |
| Source: | | |

As of the 2020 United States Census, the population of Purnell was 596, a change of -253 (-29.8%) from the 2010 United States Census count of 849.

## History

### Annexation

The land Purnell lies on, along with other areas along the periphery of Baltimore's present-day city limits, was annexed to Baltimore City in 1918 following the passage of the Greater Baltimore Bill by the Maryland General Assembly.

### Establishment of Purnell Drive

Purnell is named for Lyttleton Bowen Purnell, a businessman who came to Baltimore from Snow Hill, Worcester County on the Eastern Shore of Maryland in the 1850s. He worked at the John E. Hurst Company, which sold large wholesale dry goods, and went on to become a business partner of Hurst; the company was subsequently renamed Hurst, Purnell, & Co. Purnell Drive was created in 1930 by the city at the request of Purnell's grandson, Lyttleton B. P. Gould, president of the Ashland Manufacturing Company, the milling firm which owned nearby Dickeyville.

### Village of Purnell civil rights demonstrations

In 1966, a garden apartment complex named the Village of Purnell was developed at the 5000 block of Forest Park Avenue, the block which encompasses the width of the Purnell neighborhood as it extends to the west from Forest Park Avenue. The complex covered an area equivalent to about 24 city blocks spread across Gatehouse Drive, which branches off of Forest Park Avenue. The apartments opened amidst civil rights movement demonstrations in Baltimore and across the United States which protested racial segregation. Towards the beginning of August 1966, prior to their opening, a group of African-Americans who had been refused rental at Purnell formed the committee to Integrate Purnell, and demonstrated at the site of the apartments alongside members of the Congress of Racial Equality. On August 12, 1966, the Congress of Racial Equality (C.O.R.E.) staged a "lie-in" demonstration to halt construction which was ongoing at the nearly completed apartments. The Congress of Racial Equality (C.O.R.E) called off demonstrations later that day when Mayor Theodore McKeldin agreed to mediate the dispute in a meeting with the management of the apartment development.

In a three-hour meeting on August 15, 1966, the following week, Mayor McKeldin and two members of his administration attempted to persuade brothers Samuel and Morton Gorn, the owners of the Purnell apartments, to racially integrate the residences. The Mayor was unsuccessful in convincing the owners of C.O.R.E's case. Following the failed meeting, Mayor McKeldin stated his intention to request help from real estate associations to prevent the "escalation" of civil rights demonstrations at Purnell. Activists following the status of the development were undereterred, and demonstrations against segregation at the Purnell Village apartments resumed. C.O.R.E. backed subsequent mass demonstrations in September which aimed to achieve integration without going through the mayor.

Following the assassination of Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4, 1968, civil unrest broke out in Baltimore on the night of April 6 and continued for days afterwards. White residents of the completed Village of Purnell who opposed segregation wrote to owners Samuel and Morton Gorn criticizing them for refusing to fly the American flag at half-staff after King's death, and requesting that the apartments be racially integrated as a testimony to King's principles. On April 16, 1968, Samuel and Morton Gorn announced that in accordance with the Civil Rights Act of 1968 passed by U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson, the apartments at Purnell were now open to residents of all races. They notified the Baltimore NAACP and Mayor Thomas D'Alesandro Jr. of this change. However, efforts to integrate the Village of Purnell did not end with the property owners' 1968 announcement. In August 1969, a federal judge stopped rentals at Purnell until a racial bias case was cleared. An African-American couple filed a lawsuit against the Gorn Management Company after they were refused a rental of a two-bedroom apartment on the 2700 block of Gatehouse Drive within the Village of Purnell. They had initially applied for an apartment months in advance of their anticipated move-in date, and were told they would have to apply later. When they did apply later, they were told it was too late to apply. They were told no apartments were available on all subsequent attempts to contact management. In order to assist in proving racial bias for the case, Baltimore Neighborhoods, Inc., sent two white men and a black man to visit the Purnell rental office and request an apartment. Both white men were offered an apartment in the near-term, while the black man was told there would not be any availability until later, and that he should check later. This case was one of multiple cases seen by a federal judge in 1969 after the passage of the Civil Rights Act of the previous year, as property owners attempted discrimination tactics which were less overt in order to evade consequences. A total of 19 people who had complaints of racial discrimination against the Gorn Management Company became involved in the case, which came to a close in November 1972, when the management company was ordered to pay a combined $10,600 in attorney fees and damages to each of the plaintiffs.

### Apartment fires

In October 1969, a fire broke out in a series of apartments on the 2600 block of Gatehouse Drive in the Village of Purnell complex. Fire authorities attributed fire to a weakened basement fire wall which had been broken open for a doorway. A second fire broke out, just fifteen month later in January 1971, which leveled a row of 9 apartments on the 2700 block of Gatehouse Drive, again due to a basement fire wall with an open wooden door. The Fire Department chief remarked that the fire control construction at the complex would not have passed a rating by the Fire Department. There were also not enough fire hydrants within the grounds of the Village of Purnell, requiring firemen to string hoses from past the intersection with Forest Park Avenue outside the complex. The insufficient number of fire hydrants would also not have passed city standards, however, the apartments were built just prior to the passage of more rigorous fire hydrant requirements.

### Renaming and sale of apartments

The Gorn family changed their company's name to Questar in the mid-1980's, with Stephen Gorn, son of Morton Gorn, as the CEO. The name of the Village of Purnell apartments was changed to Fairway Ridge Apartments. In 1997, Questar sold its 18 properties, including the Fairway Ridge Apartments at Purnell, in a $171 million deal with Berkshire Realty Co. Stephen Gorn entered the deal as he saw Questar at a competitive disadvantage against the increasing dominance of real estate investment trusts. With the deal, he became president of Berkshire's mid-Atlantic division. The Gorn-led Questar business was subject to allegations of charging excessive application, holding, and reservation fees in the 1990s, and in 2000, Berkshire Realty was found to have continued these practices at the properties it purchased from the Gorn family by the state Consumer Protection Division. Berkshire denied allegations from the state attorney general that they had violated laws under the Maryland Consumer Protection Act, but agreed to stop charging the improper fees and refund thousands of consumers. Questar is still in business, and went on to open the luxury apartments at 414 Light Street near the Inner Harbor in 2018.

* Cross Keys, another Baltimore neighborhood consisting of a large apartment complex. Questar, the current name of the Gorn-family business that developed Purnell, was selected to lead the redevelopment of Cross Keys in 2021.

## InfoBox

| Purnell | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighborhood of Baltimore | |
| View from Forest Park Golf Course of Fairway Ridge Apartments on the 2600 block of Gatehouse Drive in Purnell, Baltimore | |
| PurnellLocation within BaltimorePurnellLocation within MarylandPurnellLocation within the United States | |
| Coordinates: 39°19′15″N 76°42′23″W / 39.3208°N 76.7063°W / 39.3208; -76.7063 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Maryland |
| City | Baltimore |
| City Council | District 8 |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 596 |
|  |  |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| ZIP Codes | 21207 |
| Area Codes | 410, 443, 667 |


title: Marie Coates

abstract: Marie Coates was a British biologist who was an expert in gnotobiosis. She served as President of the Nutrition Society. She used plastic isolators to research the impact of gut microbes on food additives.

text:
# Marie Coates

**Marie Coates** (19 March 1916 – 31 May 2004) was a British biologist who was an expert in gnotobiosis. She served as President of the Nutrition Society. She used plastic isolators to research the impact of gut microbes on food additives.

## Early life and education

Coates grew up in Wanstead. She attended Ilford County High School. As a teenager she became interested in horseriding, and used to take excursions into Epping Forest. She trained in pharmacy and in 1934 completed the Royal Pharmaceutical Society apprenticeship at a hospital. After completing her qualifications she joined Glaxo Laboratories, which was based in Greenford. Here she developed chick bioassays to study B vitamins, and eventually earned a doctorate.

## Research and career

The Nutrition Laboratories of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society moved to the National Institute for Research in Dairying during World War II. Catherine Coward, then Director of the Nutrition Laboratories, recruited Coates to the laboratory, where she used chicks to study vitamins. She became interest in gut flora, and was involved with establishing the gnotobiology Unit. The Gnotobiology Unit joined the nutrition and microbiology departments. Her research considered the use of plastic film isolators to create germ-free environments to study the impact of gut microbes on food additives.

In 1981 she retired from the National Institute for Research in Dairying and moved to the University of Surrey as a Senior Research Fellow. She retired in 1989.

## Select publications

* Coates, M. E.; Fuller, R.; Harrison, G. F.; Lev, M.; Suffolk, S. F. (February 1963). "A comparison of the growth of chicks in the Gustafsson germ-free apparatus and in a conventional environment, with and without dietary supplements of penicillin". *British Journal of Nutrition*. **17** (1): 141–150. doi:10.1079/bjn19630015. ISSN 0007-1145. PMID 14021819. S2CID 27017590.
* Coates, Marie E.; Ford, J. E.; Harrison, G. F. (September 1968). "Intestinal synthesis of vitamins of the B complex in chicks". *British Journal of Nutrition*. **22** (3): 493–500. doi:10.1079/bjn19680057. ISSN 0007-1145. PMID 5698069. S2CID 14265121.
* Coates, Marie E. (1968). *The germ-free animal in research*. London. ISBN 978-0121771508.

## Personal life

Coates was married to Leonard George Goodwin in 1940.

1. "Marie E. Coates in memoriam". *Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease*. **16** (4): 177–178. 1 December 2004. doi:10.1080/08910600410026157.
2. Coates, Marie Evelyn (1949). "Methods of biological assay, using chicks, of vitamins of the B complex".
3. Coates, Marie E. (1 October 1975). "Gnotobiotic animals in research: their uses and limitations". *Laboratory Animals*. **9** (4): 275–282. doi:10.1258/002367775780957296. ISSN 0023-6772. PMID 1107656. S2CID 12160836.
4. "Germ free life: gnotobiotic animals, isolators and their use in basic studies, veterinary research and clinical medicine". *London's Screen Archives*. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
5. Peaker, Malcolm; Ogilvie, Dame Bridget M. (30 June 2021). "Leonard George Goodwin. 11 July 1915—25 November 2008". *Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society*. **71**: 213–227. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2020.0050. S2CID 233412239.

## InfoBox

| Marie Evelyn Coates | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1916-03-19)19 March 1916
Wanstead |
| Died | 31 May 2004(2004-05-31) (aged 88) |
| Alma mater | Ilford County High School
University of Reading |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Institutions | National Institute for Research in Dairying
Glaxo Laboratories |
| Thesis | *Methods of biological assay, using chicks, of vitamins of the B complex* (1949) |
|  | |


abstract:
The Heterogeneous Aerial Reconnaissance Team (HART)—formerly known as the "Heterogeneous Urban RSTA Team (HURT)"—program was an aerial surveillance project funded by the Information Processing Technology Office of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency with program managers John Bay and Michael Pagels. The purpose of the program was to develop systems that could provide continuous, real-time, three-dimensional surveillance of large urbanized areas, using unmanned aerial vehicles. The project team was led by Northrop Grumman Corporation, and involved several other academic and corporate researchers. The unique features of the HART program are that it developed systems to "decouple soldiers from flight control"—that is, the UAVs automatically pilot themselves—taking care of flight control, collision prevention, and camera/sensor control automatically. When the drones notice suspicious activity, they notify the person with the HART control panel so that they can monitor the situation. Another feature of HART was to design handheld devices which would display surveillance video to small unit leaders in the field. A third significant feature is that troops can request surveillance in an area, and a set of drones will automatically come over and take care of it themselves—all the soldiers have to do is ask for it, and then they can forget about it. The UAVs can be commanded to automatically and intelligently perform a number of tasks, with very little direct control required, such as:
  - Area surveillance—patrolling a certain area for unusual activity
  - Route recon—e.g. patrolling a road or power line
  - Human / vehicle tracking—following a vehicle or person and reporting any suspicious activity HART was very successful, and demonstrated the following technical capabilities:
  - Automated task management—the drones are able to notice suspicious behavior, and figure out the best way to allocate UAVs to deal with the situation, without a human telling them what to do
  - Automated flight path and sensor planning—the drones are able to automatically plan flight routes and point/focus/zoom cameras
  - Automated airspace deconfliction—even with large numbers of drones flying around, they are able to communicate with each other, and prevent collisions
  - Dissemination of raw full motion video (FMV) or stabilized, georegistered, multi-platform mosaics within seconds
  - Easy video playback—the humans on the ground can quickly and easily get "instant-replay" features on video (i.e. they can get a live feed or playback stored video
  - Responsiveness to commanders, analysts, and frontline troops According to Northrop Grumman, in addition to its military uses, HART also has numerous applications in homeland security and border patrol.

text:
# Heterogeneous Aerial Reconnaissance Team

The **Heterogeneous Aerial Reconnaissance Team** (**HART**)—formerly known as the "Heterogeneous Urban RSTA Team (HURT)"—program was an aerial surveillance project funded by the Information Processing Technology Office (which was merged into the Information Innovation Office) of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency with program managers John Bay and Michael Pagels. The purpose of the program was to develop systems that could provide continuous, real-time, three-dimensional surveillance of large urbanized areas, using unmanned aerial vehicles. The project team was led by Northrop Grumman Corporation, and involved several other academic and corporate researchers.

The unique features of the HART program are that it developed systems to "decouple soldiers from flight control"—that is, the UAVs automatically pilot themselves—taking care of flight control, collision prevention, and camera/sensor control automatically. When the drones notice suspicious activity, they notify the person with the HART control panel so that they can monitor the situation. Another feature of HART was to design handheld devices which would display surveillance video to small unit leaders in the field (as opposed to only being available to officers/agents in a control room). A third significant feature is that troops can request surveillance in an area, and a set of drones will automatically come over and take care of it themselves—all the soldiers have to do is ask for it, and then they can forget about it.

The UAVs can be commanded to automatically and intelligently perform a number of tasks, with very little direct control required, such as:

* **Area surveillance**—patrolling a certain area for unusual activity
* **Route recon**—e.g. patrolling a road or power line
* **Human / vehicle tracking**—following a vehicle or person and reporting any suspicious activity

HART was very successful, and demonstrated the following technical capabilities:

* **Automated task management**—the drones are able to notice suspicious behavior, and figure out the best way to allocate UAVs to deal with the situation, without a human telling them what to do
* **Automated flight path and sensor planning**—the drones are able to automatically plan flight routes and point/focus/zoom cameras
* **Automated airspace deconfliction**—even with large numbers of drones flying around, they are able to communicate with each other, and prevent collisions
* **Dissemination of raw full motion video (FMV) or stabilized, georegistered, multi-platform mosaics within seconds**
* **Easy video playback**—the humans on the ground can quickly and easily get "instant-replay" features on video (i.e. they can get a live feed *or* playback stored video
* **Responsiveness to commanders, analysts, and frontline troops**

According to Northrop Grumman, in addition to its military uses, HART also has numerous applications in homeland security (domestic surveillance) and border patrol.

## Video

There are several videos from DARPA's website that give a clear presentation of the capabilities and purpose of HART/HURT systems:


abstract: "X Lives and Deaths of Wolverine" is a comic book storyline during the Krakoan Age which was published by Marvel Comics from January to March 2022. The story takes place between the Reign of X and Destiny of X relaunches and focuses on Wolverine. The storyline also ties into Volume 7 of the main Wolverine title.

text:
# X Lives of Wolverine and X Deaths of Wolverine

"**X Lives and Deaths of Wolverine**" is a comic book storyline during the Krakoan Age which was published by Marvel Comics from January to March 2022. The story takes place between the Reign of X and Destiny of X relaunches and focuses on Wolverine. The storyline also ties into Volume 7 of the main Wolverine title.

## Conception

Being divided into two sets of five issues, the story is written by Benjamin Percy, with *X Lives* artwork provided by Joshua Cassara and *X Deaths* artwork Federico Vicentini. The color for the miniseries is being separately provided by Frank Martin and Federico Blee.

## Plot

The plot marks the beginning of the Second Krakoan Age, with Wolverine traveling in time to save the life of an important figure to the mutant race, the professor Charles Xavier. In the midst of his travels, Wolverine will relive certain moments from his own long-forgotten past as well. At some point, it is revealed that Wolverine was present during the birth of Charles Xavier and indirectly Cassandra Nova, having saved his family from an invading Omega Red, when the Russian mutant possessed some of Xavier family's butlers and nurse. It is revealed that Omega Red's plan is to assassinate Xavier, which would prevent the formation of the X-Men.

## Series

| Title | Issues | Writer | Artist | Colorist | Debut date | Conclusion date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *X Lives of Wolverine* | #1–5 | Benjamin Percy | Joshua Cassara | Frank Martin | January 19, 2022 | March 16, 2022 |
| *X Deaths of Wolverine* | | | Federico Vicentini | Dijjo Lima | January 26, 2022 | March 23, 2022 |

## Collected edition

| Title | Material collected | Publication date | ISBN |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *X Lives Of Wolverine/X Deaths Of Wolverine* | *X Lives of Wolverine* #1-5, *X Deaths of Wolverine* #1-5 | July 2022 | 978-1302931223 |

## InfoBox

| *X Lives of Wolverine and X Deaths of Wolverine* | |
| --- | --- |
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | Marvel Comics |
| Format | Limited series |
| Publication date | January – March 2022 |
| No. of issues | X Lives: 5
X Deaths: 5 |
| Main character(s) | Wolverine
X-Men
Omega Red |
| Creative team | |
| Written by | Benjamin Percy |
| Artist(s) | *X Lives*: Joshua Cassara
*X Deaths*: Federico Vicentini |
| Colorist(s) | Frank Martin
Federico Blee |
| Editor(s) | Mark Basso |


title: Paul Koralek

abstract: Paul George Koralek was a British architect and founding member of the architecture company Ahrends, Burton and Koralek, best known for designing in the Brutalist style, as seen in buildings such as the Berkeley Library, part of the Library of Trinity College Dublin.

text:
# Paul Koralek

**Paul George Koralek** CBE RA (7 April 1933  7 February 2020) was a British architect and founding member of the architecture company Ahrends, Burton and Koralek, best known for designing in the Brutalist style, as seen in buildings such as the Berkeley Library, part of the Library of Trinity College Dublin.

## Life and education

Paul George Koralek was born in Vienna, Austria on 7 April 1933. His family left Austria in 1938 after the Anschluss, the reunification of Austria and then-Nazi Germany. From 1951 he studied at the Architectural Association School of Architecture, London, graduating in 1956. After graduation, he worked with Philip Powell. Later, whilst working in New York City with Marcel Breuer, Koralek submitted and won the competition to design the new Berkeley Library in Trinity College Dublin. In the same year, 1961, he founded the architectural company Ahrends, Burton and Koralek with his former classmates, Peter Ahrends and Richard Burton.

## Career

Koralek was known for his Brutalist style which is epitomised in the Berkeley Library at Trinity College Dublin. Following this, Trinity also appointed him the principal architect to the adjoining Arts Building in 1969, formally opened in 1978. Koralek was again commissioned by Trinity to design the new Dental Hospital and School on Lincoln Place in the 1990s.

He was appointed CBE in the 1984 Birthday Honours.

National Life Stories conducted an oral history interview (C467/118) with Paul Koralek in 2014 for its Architects Lives' collection held by the British Library.

He died on 7 February 2020 at the age of 86.

## InfoBox

| Paul Koralek | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1933-04-07)7 April 1933<br>Vienna, Austria |
| Died | 7 February 2020(2020-02-07) (aged 86) |
| Nationality | British |
| Occupation | architect |


title: Federalist No. 32

abstract: Federalist No. 32 is an essay by Alexander Hamilton, the thirty-second of The Federalist Papers. It was first published in The Independent Journal on January 2, 1788, under the pseudonym Publius, the name under which all The Federalist papers were published. This is the third of seven essays by Hamilton on the issue of taxation. It is titled "The Same Subject Continued: Concerning the General Power of Taxation". The Federalist Papers, as a foundation text of constitutional interpretation, are frequently cited by American jurists. Of all the essays, No. 32 is the fifth-most frequently cited.

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# Federalist No. 32

**Federalist No. 32** is an essay by Alexander Hamilton, the thirty-second of *The Federalist Papers*. It was first published in The Independent Journal on January 2, 1788, under the pseudonym Publius, the name under which all *The Federalist* papers were published. This is the third of seven essays by Hamilton on the issue of taxation. It is titled "**The Same Subject Continued: Concerning the General Power of Taxation**".

*The Federalist Papers*, as a foundation text of constitutional interpretation, are frequently cited by American jurists. Of all the essays, No. 32 is the fifth-most frequently cited.

1. Ira C. Lupu, "The Most-Cited Federalist Papers." 15 Constitutional Commentary 403-410 (1998)

## InfoBox

Federalist No. 32
| Alexander Hamilton, author of Federalist No. 32 | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Alexander Hamilton |
| Original title | *The Same Subject Continued: Concerning the General Power of Taxation* |
| Language | English |
| Series | *The Federalist* |
| Publisher | *The Independent Journal* |
| Publication date | January 2, 1788 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Newspaper |
| Preceded by | *Federalist No. 31* |
| Followed by | *Federalist No. 33* |


title: New Caledonia Rugby Committee

abstract: The New Caledonia Rugby Committee is a committee under the umbrella of the French Rugby Federation which is the governing body for rugby union within New Caledonia. It is a full member of the Oceania Rugby, which is the governing body for rugby union in Oceania, but it is not affiliated with the International Rugby Board (IRB) in its own right.

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# New Caledonia Rugby Committee

The **New Caledonia Rugby Committee** (French: *Comité de Rugby de Nouvelle Calédonie*, —or officially: *Comité Régional de Rugby de Nouvelle Calédonie*) is a committee under the umbrella of the French Rugby Federation which is the governing body for rugby union within New Caledonia.

It is a full member of the Oceania Rugby, which is the governing body for rugby union in Oceania, but it is not affiliated with the International Rugby Board (IRB) in its own right.

## National teams

The New Caledonia 15-a-side team has competed at the South Pacific Games, winning a silver medal in 1966 and two gold medals in 1987 and 1995. More recently, the team has played for the FORU Oceania Cup. New Caledonia fields teams in 7's competitions as well as 15's. The national women's 7s team has also competed at the Pacific Games.

## Reference list

## InfoBox

New Caledonia Rugby Committee
| *Comité Régional de Rugby de Nouvelle Calédonie* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Sport | Rugby union |
| Founded | 1960s (est.) (1960s (est.)) |
| Oceania Rugby affiliation | 2000 |
| Website | rugby.nc |


title: New Criminal Law Review

abstract: The New Criminal Law Review (ISSN 1933-4192) is a quarterly peer-reviewed law journal published by University of California Press. It was established in 1997 as the Buffalo Criminal Law Review, but changed names in 2007 after the University of California Press took responsibility for publishing the journal. The New Criminal Law Review focuses on examinations of crime, philosophy of criminal law, and punishment in domestic, transnational, and international contexts. The New Criminal Law Review is ranked as the seventh best criminal law journal.

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# New Criminal Law Review

The ***New Criminal Law Review*** (ISSN 1933-4192) is a quarterly peer-reviewed law journal published by University of California Press. It was established in 1997 as the *Buffalo Criminal Law Review*, but changed names in 2007 after the University of California Press took responsibility for publishing the journal. The *New Criminal Law Review* focuses on examinations of crime, philosophy of criminal law, and punishment in domestic, transnational, and international contexts.

The *New Criminal Law Review* is ranked as the seventh best criminal law journal.

## Notable papers

This is a list of notable papers that have appeared in the journal.

* George P. Fletcher, "The Fall and Rise of Criminal Theory", 1(2) *Buff. Crim. R.* (1998).
* Nicola Lacey, "Philosophy, History and Criminal Law Theory", 1(2) *Buff. Crim. R.* (1998).
* Markus Dirk Dubber, "The Victim in American Penal Law: A Systematic Overview", 3(1) *Buff. Crim. R.* (1998).
* Paul Robinson, "Structuring Criminal Codes to Perform Their Function", 4(1) *Buff. Crim. R.* (2000).
* Bernard E. Harcourt, "Joel Feinberg on Crime and Punishment: Exploring the Relationship Between The Moral Limits of the Criminal Law and The Expressive Function of Punishment", 5(1) *Buff. Crim. R.* (2002).
* R.A. Duff, "Virtue, Vice, and Criminal Liability: Do We Want an Aristotelian Criminal Law?", 6(1) *Buff. Crim. R.* (2003).
* Dennis J. Baker, "Moral Limits of Criminalizing Remote Harms", 10(3) *New Crim. R.* (2007).

## InfoBox

*New Criminal Law Review*
| Discipline | Law |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Carrie Leonetti |
| Publication details | |
| Former name(s) | Buffalo Criminal Law Review |
| History | 1997–present |
| Publisher | University of California Press (United States) |
| Frequency | Quarterly |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| Bluebook | *New Crim. L. Rev.* |
| ISO 4 | *New Crim. Law Rev.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 1933-4192 (print)
1933-4206 (web)
 |
| OCLC no. | 71314977 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Neural gas

abstract: Neural gas is an artificial neural network, inspired by the self-organizing map and introduced in 1991 by Thomas Martinetz and Klaus Schulten. The neural gas is a simple algorithm for finding optimal data representations based on feature vectors. The algorithm was coined "neural gas" because of the dynamics of the feature vectors during the adaptation process, which distribute themselves like a gas within the data space. It is applied where data compression or vector quantization is an issue, for example speech recognition, image processing or pattern recognition. As a robustly converging alternative to the k-means clustering it is also used for cluster analysis.

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# Neural gas

**Neural gas** is an artificial neural network, inspired by the self-organizing map and introduced in 1991 by Thomas Martinetz and Klaus Schulten. The neural gas is a simple algorithm for finding optimal data representations based on feature vectors. The algorithm was coined "neural gas" because of the dynamics of the feature vectors during the adaptation process, which distribute themselves like a gas within the data space. It is applied where data compression or vector quantization is an issue, for example speech recognition, image processing or pattern recognition. As a robustly converging alternative to the k-means clustering it is also used for cluster analysis.

## Algorithm

Suppose we want to model a probability distribution $P(x)$ of data vectors $x$ using a finite number of feature vectors $w\_{i}$, where $i=1,\cdots ,N$.

1. For each time step $t$
    1. Sample data vector $x$ from $P(x)$
    2. Compute the distance between $x$ and each feature vector. Rank the distances.
    3. Let $i\_{0}$ be the index of the closest feature vector, $i\_{1}$ the index of the second closest feature vector, and so on.
    4. Update each feature vector by: $w\_{k}^{t+1}=w\_{k}^{t}+\varepsilon \cdot e^{-k/\lambda }\cdot (x-w\_{k}^{t}),k=0,\cdots ,N-1$

In the algorithm, $\varepsilon $ can be understood as the learning rate, and $\lambda $ as the neighborhood range. $\varepsilon $ and $\lambda $ are reduced with increasing $t$ so that the algorithm converges after many adaptation steps.

The adaptation step of the neural gas can be interpreted as gradient descent on a cost function. By adapting not only the closest feature vector but all of them with a step size decreasing with increasing distance order, compared to (online) k-means clustering a much more robust convergence of the algorithm can be achieved. The neural gas model does not delete a node and also does not create new nodes.

### Comparison with SOM

Compared to self-organized map, the neural gas model does not assume that some vectors are neighbors. If two vectors happen to be close together, they would tend to move together, and if two vectors happen to be apart, they would tend to not move together. In contrast, in an SOM, if two vectors are neighbors in the underlying graph, then they will always tend to move together, no matter whether the two vectors happen to be neighbors in the Euclidean space.

The name "neural gas" is because one can imagine it to be what an SOM would be like if there is no underlying graph, and all points are free to move without the bonds that bind them together.

## Variants

A number of variants of the neural gas algorithm exists in the literature so as to mitigate some of its shortcomings. More notable is perhaps Bernd Fritzke's growing neural gas, but also one should mention further elaborations such as the Growing When Required network and also the incremental growing neural gas. A performance-oriented approach that avoids the risk of overfitting is the Plastic Neural gas model.

### Growing neural gas

Fritzke describes the growing neural gas (GNG) as an incremental network model that learns topological relations by using a "Hebb-like learning rule", only, unlike the neural gas, it has no parameters that change over time and it is capable of continuous learning, i.e. learning on data streams. GNG has been widely used in several domains, demonstrating its capabilities for clustering data incrementally. The GNG is initialized with two randomly positioned nodes which are initially connected with a zero age edge and whose errors are set to 0. Since the in the GNG input data is presented sequentially one by one, the following steps are followed at each iteration:

* It is calculated the errors (distances) between the two closest nodes to the current input data.
* The error of the winner node (only the closest one) is respectively accumulated.
* The winner node and its topological neighbors (connected by an edge) are moving towards the current input by different fractions of their respective errors.
* The age of all edges connected to the winner node are incremented.
* If the winner node and the second-winner are connected by an edge, such an edge is set to 0. Else, an edge is created between them.
* If there are edges with an age larger than a threshold, they are removed. Nodes without connections are eliminated.
* If the current iteration is an integer multiple of a predefined frequency-creation threshold, a new node is inserted between the node with the largest error (among all) and its topological neighbor presenting the highest error. The link between the former and the latter nodes is eliminated (their errors are decreased by a given factor) and the new node is connected to both of them. The error of the new node is initialized as the updated error of the node which had the largest error (among all).
* The accumulated error of all nodes is decreased by a given factor.
* If the stopping criterion is not met, the algorithm takes a following input. The criterion might be a given number of epochs, i.e., a pre-set number of times where all data is presented, or the reach of a maximum number of nodes.

### Incremental growing neural gas

Another neural gas variant inspired in the GNG algorithm is the incremental growing neural gas (IGNG). The authors propose the main advantage of this algorithm to be "learning new data (plasticity) without degrading the previously trained network and forgetting the old input data (stability)."

### Growing when required

Having a network with a growing set of nodes, like the one implemented by the GNG algorithm was seen as a great advantage, however some limitation on the learning was seen by the introduction of the parameter λ, in which the network would only be able to grow when iterations were a multiple of this parameter. The proposal to mitigate this problem was a new algorithm, the Growing When Required network (GWR), which would have the network grow more quickly, by adding nodes as quickly as possible whenever the network identified that the existing nodes would not describe the input well enough.

### Plastic neural gas

The ability to only grow a network may quickly introduce overfitting; on the other hand, removing nodes on the basis of age only, as in the GNG model, does not ensure that the removed nodes are actually useless, because removal depends on a model parameter that should be carefully tuned to the "memory length" of the stream of input data.

The "Plastic Neural Gas" model solves this problem by making decisions to add or remove nodes using an unsupervised version of cross-validation, which controls an equivalent notion of "generalization ability" for the unsupervised setting.

While growing-only methods only cater for the incremental learning scenario, the ability to grow and shrink is suited to the more general streaming data problem.

## Implementations

To find the ranking $i\_{0},i\_{1},\ldots ,i\_{N-1}$ of the feature vectors, the neural gas algorithm involves sorting, which is a procedure that does not lend itself easily to parallelization or implementation in analog hardware. However, implementations in both parallel software and analog hardware were actually designed.

## Further reading

* T. Martinetz, S. Berkovich, and K. Schulten. "Neural-gas" Network for Vector Quantization and its Application to Time-Series Prediction. IEEE-Transactions on Neural Networks, 4(4):558–569, 1993.
* Martinetz, T.; Schulten, K. (1994). "Topology representing networks". *Neural Networks*. **7** (3): 507–522. doi:10.1016/0893-6080(94)90109-0.


title: Nevill Bay

abstract: Nevill Bay is a long and narrow waterway in the Kivalliq Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is located in northwestern Hudson Bay between Arviat and Whale Cove, approximately 12 km (7.5 mi) south of Tavani. The Ferguson River empties into the bay opposite Bibby Island.

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# Nevill Bay

**Nevill Bay** is a long and narrow waterway in the Kivalliq Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is located in northwestern Hudson Bay between Arviat (107 km (66 mi) south) and Whale Cove (40 km (25 mi) north), approximately 12 km (7.5 mi) south of Tavani.

The Ferguson River empties into the bay opposite Bibby Island.

## InfoBox

| Nevill Bay | |
| --- | --- |
| Nevill Bay | |
| Location | Hudson Bay |
| Coordinates | 61°59′N 93°14′W / 61.983°N 93.233°W / 61.983; -93.233 (Nevill Bay) |
| River sources | Ferguson River |
| Ocean/sea sources | Arctic Ocean |
| Basin countries | Canada |
|  | |
| Settlements | Uninhabited |


title: New York Express

abstract: The New York Express was a soccer team based out of Uniondale, New York that played in the Major Indoor Soccer League. They played only part of the 1986–87 MISL season before folding just after the league's midseason All-Star Break. Their home arena was Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum. They were owned by Stan Henry and ex-New York Cosmos goalie Shep Messing.

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# New York Express

The **New York Express** was a soccer team based out of Uniondale, New York that played in the Major Indoor Soccer League. They played only part of the 1986–87 MISL season before folding just after the league's midseason All-Star Break. Their home arena was Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum. They were owned by Stan Henry and ex-New York Cosmos goalie Shep Messing.

## Formation

The Express were formed in late 1985, and played an exhibition schedule in the winter of 1986. The Express featured Messing in goal and former Cosmos star and U.S. National Team player Rick Davis, as well as Iranian national team star Andranik Eskandarian. New York won all five games it played (all held at the Nassau Coliseum), against such competition as Arsenal and Red Star Belgrade as well as the Portuguese and Irish national teams, drawing about 6,000 fans per contest. Finally, on May 15, 1986, the Express were accepted as an expansion franchise by the MISL.

## 1986-87 season

Things did not go nearly as well for the club once they joined the MISL; in fact, it quickly turned into a disaster. Despite drawing a decent crowd of 10,577 for their home opener on November 21, 1986, attendance quickly dropped as New York lost their first ten games, costing coach Ray Klivecka his job on December 23. After three more defeats, the Express hired ex-Arrows coach Don Popovic, who led them to a their first-ever win on January 7, 1987, 6-4 over the Chicago Sting, in front of 3,106 on Long Island. New York would make it two in a row with a 7-4 victory over the Kansas City Comets two nights later at the Coliseum; however, another slump gave the Express a putrid 2-22 record at the All-Star break. (Defender Chris Whyte and midfielder Michael Collins were selected for the game, played at the Los Angeles Forum and won by the East over the West, 6-5, in overtime.)

On February 14, 1987, the Express got their third (and final) win of the season when Mark Liveric's goal gave New York a 6-5 overtime win over the Lazers in Los Angeles. (It was the Lazers' ninth straight loss *en route* to a 16-36 record, worst in the West.) The next day, in a game carried nationally on ESPN, the Express were actually leading the defending champion Sockers, 2-1, at halftime in San Diego (with Njego Pesa getting both New York tallies). However, a flurry of San Diego goals in the second half made the final score 6-2, dropping the Express' record to 3-23. It would be the last game the New York Express would ever play: two days later, on February 17, the club announced it was bankrupt. Messing blamed poor attendance (an average of 5,212 for 13 home games) and an inability to sell sufficient shares in a $5.2 million public stock offering. MISL commissioner Bill Kentling, unhappy to see its New York team fail so spectacularly, threatened to sue the Express for fraud and breach of contract. The 37-year-old Messing also retired as a player after the death of the Express.

## Legacy

The Express were the fourth and final attempt by the MISL to establish itself in the New York market, after previously failing with the New York Arrows (1978–1984), who also played at Nassau Coliseum, the New Jersey Rockets (1981–1982), and the post-NASL New York Cosmos (1984–1985).

## Former coaches

*
* N.Y. Express Games were broadcast on WBAU radio. Play-by-play highlights.


title: Newbold Coleorton

abstract: Newbold otherwise Newbold Coleorton is a large hamlet in the parish of Worthington, Leicestershire, England. It is situated in the North West Leicestershire district, approximately midway between the town of Ashby-de-la-Zouch and the village of Whitwick, just to the north of the B5324 route. Nearby villages include Worthington, Coleorton, Osgathorpe, Thringstone and Swannington. In the nineteenth century it was also sometimes referred to as Newbold Juxta Worthington. An account of 1863 records that Newbold comprised approximately 500 acres (2.0 km⁲) in the ownership of Earl Ferrers and Sir G H Beaumont Bart; also that it had a colliery. The colliery was closed in the 1980s and has since been transformed into a nature reserve with large ponds and rich forest. Newbold today has a small village school, a pub, and a nature reserve. On 12 September 2019 three homes were evacuated, and a cordon was placed on Vicarage Close in Newbold Coleorton. Bomb disposal experts, paramedics, police and the fire service all attended the incident and a local man was arrested on suspicion of making or possessing explosives under suspicious circumstances. Matthew Montanow, 29 pleaded guilty to two counts of possessing explosive substances, two counts of making explosive substances, and four of possessing prohibited ammunition at Leicester Crown Court in January 2020; he was subsequently sentenced on 8 July 2020.

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# Newbold Coleorton

**Newbold** otherwise **Newbold Coleorton** is a large hamlet in the parish of Worthington, Leicestershire, England. It is situated in the North West Leicestershire district, approximately midway between the town of Ashby-de-la-Zouch and the village of Whitwick, just to the north of the B5324 route.

Nearby villages include Worthington, Coleorton, Osgathorpe, Thringstone and Swannington.

In the nineteenth century it was also sometimes referred to as Newbold Juxta Worthington. An account of 1863 records that Newbold comprised approximately 500 acres (2.0 km2) in the ownership of Earl Ferrers and Sir G H Beaumont Bart; also that it had a colliery. The colliery was closed in the 1980s and has since been transformed into a nature reserve with large ponds and rich forest.

Newbold today has a small village school (Newbold Church of England Primary School), a pub (the Cross Keys), and a nature reserve (New Lount Nature Reserve).

On 12 September 2019 three homes were evacuated, and a cordon was placed on Vicarage Close in Newbold Coleorton. Bomb disposal experts, paramedics, police and the fire service all attended the incident and a local man was arrested on suspicion of making or possessing explosives under suspicious circumstances. Matthew Montanow, 29 pleaded guilty to two counts of possessing explosive substances, two counts of making explosive substances, and four of possessing prohibited ammunition at Leicester Crown Court in January 2020; he was subsequently sentenced on 8 July 2020.

52°46′01″N 1°24′25″W / 52.767°N 1.407°W / 52.767; -1.407


title: Newton Union Schoolhouse

abstract: The Newton Union Schoolhouse, also known as Champion School, in Haddon Township, Camden County, New Jersey, United States, was a one-room schoolhouse that was built in 1821. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

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# Newton Union Schoolhouse

The **Newton Union Schoolhouse**, also known as **Champion School**, in Haddon Township, Camden County, New Jersey, United States, was a one-room schoolhouse that was built in 1821. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Newton Union Schoolhouse | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| New Jersey Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Newton Union Schoolhouse | |
|  | |
| Location | Collings and Lynne Avenues, Haddon Township, New Jersey |
| Coordinates | 39°54′31″N 75°5′30″W / 39.90861°N 75.09167°W / 39.90861; -75.09167 |
| Area | 0.7 acres (0.28 ha) |
| Built | 1821 |
| Built by | Newton Union School Society |
| Architectural style | One-room schoolhouse |
| NRHP reference No. | 88002122 |
| NJRHP No. | 969 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | October 27, 1988 |
| Designated NJRHP | October 3, 1980 |