title: Procambridgea

abstract: Procambridgea is a genus of South Pacific sheetweb spiders that was first described by Raymond Robert Forster & C. L. Wilton in 1973.

text:
# Procambridgea

***Procambridgea*** is a genus of South Pacific sheetweb spiders that was first described by Raymond Robert Forster & C. L. Wilton in 1973.

## Species

As of September 2019 it contains twelve species, found in New Zealand and Australia:

## InfoBox

| *Procambridgea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Procambridgea hilleri* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Stiphidiidae |
| Genus: | *Procambridgea*
Forster & Wilton, 1973 |
|
| Type species | |
| *P. rainbowi*
Forster & Wilton, 1973 | |
| Species | |
| 12, see text | |


title: Access Bank Rwanda

abstract: Access Bank Rwanda is a commercial bank in Rwanda. It is one of the commercial banks licensed by the National Bank of Rwanda, the national banking regulator.

text:
# Access Bank Rwanda

**Access Bank Rwanda** is a commercial bank in Rwanda. It is one of the commercial banks licensed by the National Bank of Rwanda, the national banking regulator.

## Overview

The bank is a medium-sized financial institution in Rwanda. According to its web site, it is the fourth-largest commercial bank in the country, based on assets. As of December 2023, the bank's total assets were US$179.44 million (RWF:231.06 billion), with shareholders equity of about US$25.9 million (RWF:33.37 billion).

## History

Access Bank (Rwanda) PLC is a commercial bank that operates in Rwanda. The bank was officially launched in January, 2009 after fulfilling all regulatory requirements. Formerly BANCOR SA Rwanda and created in 1995 by foreign investors, the bank was restructured in 2001 after its takeover by Rwandan and South African private investors. Having commenced operations in Kigali, the Bank has since expanded its operations by extending its network to Nyabugogo, Rubavu and Rusizi. Access Bank Plc, one of the largest banks in Nigeria, officially acquired BANCOR S.A. after its successful acquisition of a 75 percent stake.

## Access Bank Group

Access Bank Rwanda is a member of the Access Bank Group, the largest financial services provider in Nigeria, based on assets, as of June 2023. Other member companies of the group include:

## Ownership

The bank's stock is owned by the following corporate entities and private individuals:

| **Access Bank Rwanda Stock Ownership** |
| --- |
| Rank Name of Owner Percentage Ownership  1 Access Bank Group 75.0  2 Rwandan & South African Investors 25.0  **Total** **100.00** |

## Access Bank Rwanda - Branch Network

As of April 2022, the bank maintains branches in the following locations:

* Access Bank Rwanda Head Office - KN4 Ave, 3rd Floor- KIC Building (*Formerly known as UTC Building*), Kigali Rwanda
* Remera Branch - Remera, Kigali, Rwanda
* Nyabugogo - Nyarugenge, Kigali, Rwanda
* Rubavu - Rubavu District
* Musanze- Musanze District
* Rusizi - Rusizi District
* CHIC Branch - Kigali, Rwanda
* KICUKIRO / Mt. Meru Station - Kigali, Rwanda

## InfoBox

Access Bank Rwanda
| Company type | Private: Subsidiary of Access Bank Group |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Financial services |
| Founded | 2009 (2009) |
| Headquarters | KIC (former UTC), 3rd Floor, KN 4 Ave, Kigali, Rwanda |
| Key people | Faustin Rukundo Byishimo<br>(Managing Director) |
| Products | Loans, checking, savings, investments, debit cards |
| Revenue | Aftertax:US$5.217 million (RWF:6,717,917,000) (2023) |
| Total assets | US$179.44 million (RWF:231.06 billion) (2023) |
| Number of employees | 150 (2011) |
| Website | rwanda.accessbankplc.com |


title: Workers' Communist Party (Spain)

abstract: Workers' Communist Party was a political party in Spain. Formed in 1977 by the Left Opposition of PCE. PCT had a youth wing called Workers' Communist Youth. In December 1977 it initiated the publication Manifiesto. Soon Manifiesto was substituted by Bandera Comunista, which was published in 1978. In 1980 PCT unified with Communist Party of Spain to form the Unified Communist Party of Spain (PCEU).

text:
# Workers' Communist Party (Spain)

**Workers' Communist Party** (in Spanish: *Partido Comunista de los Trabajadores*) was a political party in Spain. Formed in 1977 by the Left Opposition of PCE.

PCT had a youth wing called **Workers' Communist Youth** (*Juventudes Comunistas de los Trabajadores*). In December 1977 it initiated the publication *Manifiesto*. Soon *Manifiesto* was substituted by *Bandera Comunista*, which was published in 1978.

In 1980 PCT unified with Communist Party of Spain (8th and 9th Congresses) to form the Unified Communist Party of Spain (PCEU).

## InfoBox

| Workers' Communist Party | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Abbreviation | PCT |
| Chairman | Carlos Tuya |
| Founded | 1973 (1973) |
| Dissolved | 1980 (1980) |
| Split from | Communist Party of Spain |
| Merged into | PCEU |
| Newspaper | *La Voz Comunista* |
| Youth wing | Workers' Communist Youth |
| Ideology | Communism
Marxism-Leninism
Pro-Soviet Union |
|  | |


title: María José Pons

abstract: María José Pons Gómez, commonly known as Mariajo, is a Spanish footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for the Catalonia women's national football team. She previously played for CD Sabadell, FC Barcelona, Levante UD, with whom she won one League and one Cup, and Valencia. She was a key player in the league success, conceding nine goals in 25 matches. She had previously won the 2003 Cup with CE Sabadell. During her four seasons with Espanyol (2009–2013) she added two further Cup winner's medals to her collection. She is a member of the Spain women's national football team, where she is a reserve goalkeeper as of the 2013 European Championship qualifying. When regular custodian Ainhoa Tirapu was injured, Mariajo stood in for qualifying games against Switzerland and Turkey. In June 2013, national team coach Ignacio Quereda confirmed Mariajo as a member of his 23-player squad for the UEFA Women's Euro 2013 finals in Sweden.

text:
# María José Pons

**María José Pons Gómez** (born 8 August 1984), commonly known as **Mariajo**, is a Spanish footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for the Catalonia women's national football team. She previously played for CD Sabadell, FC Barcelona, Levante UD, with whom she won one League and one Cup, and Valencia. She was a key player in the league success, conceding nine goals in 25 matches. She had previously won the 2003 Cup with CE Sabadell. During her four seasons with Espanyol (2009–2013) she added two further Cup winner's medals to her collection.

She is a member of the Spain women's national football team, where she is a reserve goalkeeper as of the 2013 European Championship qualifying. When regular custodian Ainhoa Tirapu was injured, Mariajo stood in for qualifying games against Switzerland and Turkey.

In June 2013, national team coach Ignacio Quereda confirmed Mariajo as a member of his 23-player squad for the UEFA Women's Euro 2013 finals in Sweden.

## Titles

## InfoBox

María José Pons
|  | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | María José Pons Gómez | | |
| Date of birth | (1984-08-08) 8 August 1984 | | |
| Place of birth | Sabadell, Spain | | |
| Height | 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1999–2003 | Sabadell |  |  |
| 2003–2005 | Barcelona |  |  |
| 2005–2009 | Levante |  |  |
| 2009–2013 | Espanyol |  |  |
| 2013–2015 | Valencia | 54 | (0) |
| 2015–2017 | Sabadell |  |  |
| 2017 | Zaragoza CFF | 8 | (0) |
| 2017–2020 | Espanyol | 32 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 2012–2013 | Spain | 5 | (0) |
| 2003– | Catalonia | 3 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 14 April 2019 | | | |


title: Wellington (federal electoral district)

abstract: Wellington was a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1968 to 1979. This riding was created in 1966 from parts of Wellington South and Wentworth ridings. It consisted of the City of Guelph and the Townships of Eramosa, Guelph and Puslinch in the County of Wellington; and the Township of Beverly in the County of Wentworth. It was abolished in 1979 when it was merged into Guelph riding.

text:
# Wellington (federal electoral district)

**Wellington** was a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1968 to 1979.

This riding was created in 1966 from parts of Wellington South and Wentworth ridings. It consisted of the City of Guelph and the Townships of Eramosa, Guelph and Puslinch in the County of Wellington; and the Township of Beverly in the County of Wentworth. It was abolished in 1979 when it was merged into Guelph riding.

## Members of Parliament

| Parliament | Years | Member | | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ***Riding created from* Wellington South *and* Wentworth** | | | | |
| 28th | 1968–1972 |  | Alfred Hales | Progressive Conservative |
| 29th | 1972–1974 | | | |
| 30th | 1974–1979 |  | Frank Maine | Liberal |
| ***Riding dissolved into* Guelph** | | | | |

## Election results

| 1974 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Liberal | Frank W. Maine | 18,171 | 46.2 | +18.0 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Bruce Ernest Payne | 14,099 | 35.9 | -17.2 |
|  | New Democratic | W. Gerald Punnett | 6,165 | 15.7 | -2.4 |
|  | Independent | Walter A. Tucker | 592 | 1.5 | +1.5 |
|  | Communist | Gareth Blythe | 124 | 0.3 | -0.1 |
|  | Libertarian | Brian Seymour | 89 | 0.2 | +0.2 |
|  | Marxist–Leninist | Terry Theriault | 58 | 0.2 | 0.0 |
| Total valid votes | | | 39,298 | 100.0 |

| 1972 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Alfred Dryden Hales | 20,730 | 53.1 | +8.6 |
|  | Liberal | Jake Slinger | 11,022 | 28.2 | -10.8 |
|  | New Democratic | Margaret McCready | 7,050 | 18.1 | +1.6 |
|  | Communist | Gareth Blythe | 174 | 0.4 | +0.4 |
|  | Marxist–Leninist | Terry Theriault | 67 | 0.2 | +0.2 |
| Total valid votes | | | 39,043 | 100.0 |

| 1968 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Alfred Dryden Hales | 13,496 | 44.5 |  |
|  | Liberal | Ralph Dent | 11,842 | 39.0 |  |
|  | New Democratic | Phil Lanthier | 5,012 | 16.5 |  |
| Total valid votes | | | 30,350 | 100.0 |

## InfoBox

Wellington
| Ontario electoral district | |
| --- | --- |
| Defunct federal electoral district | |
| Legislature | House of Commons |
| District created | 1966 |
| District abolished | 1976 |
| First contested | 1968 |
| Last contested | 1974 |


title: Massacre Canyon (New Mexico)

abstract: Massacre Canyon in the Black Range mountains of New Mexico was the location where on September 18, 1879, Navajo Scouts attached to Company B and Company E of the U.S. Ninth Cavalry, composed of African American troopers known as Buffalo soldiers were ambushed by Victorio, war chief of the Warm Springs Apaches, and about 60 of his warriors. The Navajo scouts and troopers were ambushed at the junction of the canyon through which Los Animas Creek flowed and a side canyon which subsequently came to be known as Massacre Canyon.

text:
# Massacre Canyon (New Mexico)

**Massacre Canyon** in the Black Range mountains of New Mexico was the location where on September 18, 1879, Navajo Scouts attached to Company B and Company E of the U.S. Ninth Cavalry, composed of African American troopers known as Buffalo soldiers were ambushed by Victorio, war chief of the Warm Springs Apaches, and about 60 of his warriors. The Navajo scouts and troopers were ambushed at the junction of the canyon through which Los Animas Creek flowed and a side canyon which subsequently came to be known as Massacre Canyon.

Victorio's War

1. African Americans at war: an encyclopedia, Volume 1 By Jonathan Sutherland p.64


title: Pabstiella aryter

abstract: Pabstiella aryter is a species of orchid plant native to Peru.

text:
# Pabstiella aryter

***Pabstiella aryter*** is a species of orchid plant native to Peru.

## InfoBox

| *Pabstiella aryter* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
| Genus: | *Pabstiella* |
| Species: | ***P. aryter*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pabstiella aryter***<br>(Luer) F.Barros | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pleurothallis aryter* Luer | |


title: Grabowiec, Gmina Bobowo

abstract: Grabowiec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bobowo, within Starogard County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Bobowo, 8 km (5 mi) south-east of Starogard Gdański, and 52 km (32 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk. For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

text:
# Grabowiec, Gmina Bobowo

**Grabowiec** \[ɡraˈbɔvjɛt͡s\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bobowo, within Starogard County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Bobowo, 8 km (5 mi) south-east of Starogard Gdański, and 52 km (32 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

## InfoBox

| Grabowiec | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Grabowiec | |
| Coordinates: 53°54′19″N 18°35′45″E / 53.90528°N 18.59583°E / 53.90528; 18.59583 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Pomeranian |
| County | Starogard |
| Gmina | Bobowo |
| Population (2022) | 197 |


title: Princeton Battle Monument

abstract: The Princeton Battle Monument is located in Princeton, New Jersey, adjacent to Morven and Princeton's borough hall. The monument commemorates the January 3, 1777 Battle of Princeton and depicts General George Washington leading his troops to victory and the death of General Hugh Mercer. It stands 50 feet (15 m) tall and was inspired by carvings on the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. Designed to visually anchor the western end of Nassau Street, the monument and its park are a legacy of the City Beautiful movement.

text:
# Princeton Battle Monument

The **Princeton Battle Monument** is located in Princeton, New Jersey, adjacent to Morven and Princeton's borough hall. The monument commemorates the January 3, 1777 Battle of Princeton and depicts General George Washington leading his troops to victory and the death of General Hugh Mercer. It stands 50 feet (15 m) tall and was inspired by carvings on the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. Designed to visually anchor the western end of Nassau Street, the monument and its park are a legacy of the City Beautiful movement.

## History

### Design

An act of Congress on June 8, 1906, appropriated $30,000 to be given to the Princeton Battle Monument Association for the erection of a monument commemorating the Battle of Princeton. The association, which dates back to 1887 and includes such local notables as Allan Marquand and Moses Taylor Pyne, was required to match the $30,000 with an equal sum raised independently. On February 24, 1908, having raised the requisite funds, the association commissioned prominent Beaux Arts sculptor Frederick MacMonnies to build the monument. The architectural design was done by Thomas Hastings of the acclaimed firm Carrère and Hastings.

It was difficult to find an appropriate location for the monument, and it was first planned for the piece of land at the corner of Mercer and Nassau Streets. That triangular plot was cleared of buildings in 1913 but ultimately used for the Princeton War Memorial. In 1914, a piece of property was donated by the Princeton Inn Company. The Inn, which stood on the current location of the Princeton Borough Hall, donated a 500 feet (150 m) stretch of land between Bayard Lane and Morven, from Stockton Street north to the row of chestnut trees in front of the inn. This property provided not only enough space for the monument and a park but also a highly visible location where the monument could stand at the end of a long vista from Nassau Street.

The MacMonnies design is a light-grey bas-relief with George Washington on horseback as the dominant figure. Washington is depicted sternly refusing defeat and inspiring his battle-weary troops to victory. Beneath Washington is a young woman personifying Liberty, wearing a Phrygian cap and holding a banner to urge the soldiers onward. She is flanked by troopers and a drummer boy of the Continental Army. Beneath can be seen the death of General Mercer, after whom the local county would be named. The structure was originally intended to be bronze and granite, but by 1918, it was decided that Indiana Limestone would be preferable.

The monument, which was carved in situ by the Piccirilli Brothers, was completed in 1922 and dedicated by President Warren G. Harding. A 21-gun salute by the Princeton University Field Artillery ROTC and an invocation by the Right Reverend Paul Matthews, bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of New Jersey, marked the festivities. The President received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Princeton University on the same day.

### Illumination and restoration

Nighttime illumination of the monument was part of the original plan for its construction, but it was only in 2007, 85 years after the completion of the monument, that the lighting work finally got underway after a successful fundraising effort by the Princeton Parks Alliance. Charles Stone of the New York firm Fischer Marantz Stone designed the lighting scheme. After years of neglect and unsuccessful restorations, the monument underwent professional conservation treatment in 2006 and 2007 as part of the State of New Jersey's historic preservation initiative. The treatment was carried out by Aegis Restauro, LLC, led by conservators Zbigniew Pietruszewski and Joanna Pietruszewski and Farewell, Mills and Gatsch Architects. In September 2007, the Monument was ceremoniously rededicated when the lights were switched on for the first time.

### Inscription

The inscription on the rear face of the monument, composed by Andrew Fleming West, reads:

> *Here memory lingers to recall the guiding mind,*
> *Whose daring plan outflanked the foe and turned dismay to hope,*
> *When Washington, with swift resolve, marched through the night,*
> *To fight at dawn and venture all in one victorious battle for our freedom.*

A Latin phrase reads:

> *Saecula Praetereunt Rapimur Nos Ultro Morantes Adsis Tu Patriae Saecula Qui Dirigis*
> *The ages pass away. We, too, though lingering, are hurried on. O Thou who guides the ages, stay to guard our land.*

## InfoBox

| Princeton Battle Monument | |
| --- | --- |
| State of New Jersey | |
|  | |
| For The Battle of Princeton, 3 January 1777 | |
| Unveiled | 1922 |
| Location | Princeton, New Jersey |
| Designed by | Frederick MacMonnies, Thomas Hastings |
| Here memory lingers to recall the guiding mind whose daring plan outflanked the foe and turned dismay to hope when Washington, with swift resolve, marched through the night to fight at dawn and venture all in one victorious battle for our freedom. | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Princeton Battle Monument | |
| U.S. Historic district<br>Contributing property | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Coordinates | 40°20′52.1″N 74°39′57.1″W / 40.347806°N 74.665861°W / 40.347806; -74.665861 |
| Part of | Princeton Historic District (ID75001143) |
| Added to NRHP | 27 June 1975 |
|  | |


title: Aboriginal Multi-Media Society

abstract: The Aboriginal Multi-Media Society (AMMSA) is an Aboriginal publisher in Canada. AMMSA was established in 1983 under the Alberta Societies Act and launched its first publication in March 1983 – simply titled AMMSA. The name of this publication was later changed to Windspeaker in March 1986.

text:
# Aboriginal Multi-Media Society

The **Aboriginal Multi-Media Society** (AMMSA) is an Aboriginal publisher in Canada. AMMSA was established in 1983 under the Alberta Societies Act and launched its first publication in March 1983 – simply titled *AMMSA*. The name of this publication was later changed to *Windspeaker* in March 1986.

## Publications

AMMSA abandoned producing paper products, making the decision to set up a news website.

History

AMMSA published a number of monthly publications listed below

* *Windspeaker* – Featuring national content; publishing from March 1983 - 2016

AMMSA published the following provincial publications on a monthly basis:

* *Alberta Sweetgrass* – News and events from Indigenous communities in Alberta

Published monthly from December 1993 - 2016

* *Ontario Birchbark* \- News and events from Indigenous communities in Ontario

Published monthly from January 2000 -2016

Published monthly from March 1997 - 2016

* *Saskatchewan Sage* \- News and events from Indigenous communities in Saskatchewan

Published monthly from October 1996 - 2016

AMMSA digitized all of the published articles in its paper products dating back to 1983 and makes them available online as part of an archive of 20,000+ news and information articles. These archives have grown to more than 30,000 articles.

## Radio

AMMSA also operates a radio network, Windspeaker Radio, for Indigenous listeners throughout Alberta. The network studios were originally in Lac La Biche, but are now based in Edmonton. A new transmitter in Edmonton was licensed by the CRTC in 2008, and became the CFWE network's primary station when it launched in July 2009.

On June 14, 2017, the CRTC granted AMMSA licenses to operate Type B Native FM radio stations aimed at urban Indigenous audiences in Edmonton at 89.3 MHz as the Raven CIWE-FM (which signed on in 2021), and in Calgary at 88.1 MHz as CJWE-FM (which began broadcasting in 2018). Both frequencies were previously licensed to Aboriginal Voices Radio Network but were revoked in 2015 due to compliance issues.


title: Workers' Communist Party (Italy)

abstract: The Workers' Communist Party is a communist party in Italy. It was created in 2006 by the Trotskyist breakaway wing of the Communist Refoundation Party led by Marco Ferrando. The PCL is the Italian section of International Trotskyist Opposition.

text:
# Workers' Communist Party (Italy)

The **Workers' Communist Party** (Italian: *Partito Comunista dei Lavoratori*, **PCL**) is a communist party in Italy. It was created in 2006 by the Trotskyist breakaway wing of the Communist Refoundation Party led by Marco Ferrando. The PCL is the Italian section of International Trotskyist Opposition.

## History

The foundation of the Italian Communist Workers' Party (PCL) as a new political entity was the result of a split within the Communist Refoundation Party (PRC) when the PRC joined the second government headed by Romano Prodi. The movement, known as Common Project since its inception, had taken a stance further to the left within the party as it opposed the political alliance with The Olive Tree, an association of center-left parties, being extremely critical of past centre-left governments, in particular the first Prodi government with Massimo D'Alema and Giuliano Amato. The "Common Project" movement was also opposed to the politics of the then Secretary of the PRC Fausto Bertinotti. The group refused to be part of the new government, maintaining that such participation would be disastrous. Moreover, following the exclusion of their leader Marco Ferrando from the electoral list of the PRC for the elections to the Senate in the 2006, his followers pushed for a split in the party to maintain a communist opposition to the new government.

The birth of the movement was seen as a response to the emergence of two new left-wing political parties: the Democratic Party (PD), the fusion of the Democrats of the Left and Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy; and The Left – The Rainbow, an organization that grouped together the Party of Italian Communists, the Democrats of the Left and the Greens, along with the PRC. The backers of the PCL believed that the future PD would be centrist and liberal and close to the interests of banks and corporations. Regarding the Rainbow Left, they considered this coalition fundamentally social democratic and too close to the administration with only a pretension of revolutionary idealism and radicalism. The constitution of the PCL was implemented on 18 June 2006 at the Barberini movie theatre in Rome. Agreement was reached regarding a new symbol and a coordination at the national level. From this date onward, member were free to join the new party and promote political activism.

Adherence to the new party comes from activists and communist leaders, members of the PRC, from the leftist trade unions, the Italian General Confederation of Labour (from the group of 28 April Network) and other trade organizations (RdB, CUB, COBAS, Sin COBAS and SLAI COBAS). Further support come from the anti-globalization movements, groups opposing imperialism and those in favor of overthrowing the government in Israel (in particular the Palestine Forum) or protesting against the war. Representatives of the civil rights and sexual liberation (especially in Rome) movements also manifest their interest.

In autumn 2006, the PCL together with other peace organizations and anti-imperialist participants in the protest against the military missions in Afghanistan and Lebanon (30 September) and in the national demonstration of anti-Israeli activity with Palestinian people, sponsored by the Palestine Forum. On 17 November, the PCL participates in the general strike called by trade unions against the government.

On 14 April 2007, the first meeting of the movement was held, which according to its managers had about 1,300 members (530 participants in meetings) in the congress.

In late 2007, members were elected to the National Coordination and the new National Executive bodies to organize the PCL constitutive congress in January 2008.

At the 2008 elections, the Workers' Communist Party got 208,000 votes, or 0.6%.

In 2009, it was joined by the Alternative Proletarian Communist Organization, born from a split in the Communist Alternative Party.

There was some possibility that it would be the only party using the label Communist standing in the 2013 Italian general election. However, the PCL decided to run under their official name in which they gained slightly less than 90,000 votes.

For the 2018 elections, the PCL and Left, Class and Revolution presented a list named For a Revolutionary Left.

## Party relations

The PCL was affiliated to the Coordinating Committee for the Refoundation of the Fourth International, a Trotskyist political international. The party has a very conflicting relationship with the Communist Alternative Party (PdAC), another Trotskyist political organization in Italy.

The PCL was involved in the re-launch of the International Trotskyist Opposition at a conference in late 2022.

## Electoral results

### Italian Parliament

| Chamber of Deputies | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Election year | No. of
overall votes | % of
overall vote | No. of
overall seats won | Leader |
| 2008 | 208,296 | 0.57 | 0 / 630 | Marco Ferrando |
| 2013 | 89,995 | 0.26 | 0 / 630 | Marco Ferrando |
| 2018 | 29,176 (into PSR) | 0.08 (into PSR) | 0 / 630 | Marco Ferrando |

| Senate of the Republic | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Election year | No. of
overall votes | % of
overall vote | No. of
overall seats won | Leader |
| 2008 | 180,442 | 0.55 | 0 / 315 | Marco Ferrando |
| 2013 | 113,936 | 0.37 | 0 / 315 | Marco Ferrando |
| 2018 | 32,501 (into PSR) | 0.10 (into PSR) | 0 / 315 | Marco Ferrando |
| 2022 | 4,484 | 0.02 | 0 / 315 | Marco Ferrando |

### European Parliament

| Election year | No. of
overall votes | % of
overall vote | No. of
overall seats won | +/– | Leader |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2009 | 166,531 | 0.54 | 0 / 72 |  | Marco Ferrando |

### Regional Councils

| Region | Election year | Votes | % | Seats | +/− |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Liguria | 2015 | 3,036 | 0.56 | 0 / 31 |  |
| Umbria | 2015 | 1,662 | 0.47 | 0 / 21 |  |
| Lazio | 2013 | 5,886 | 0.21 | 0 / 51 |  |
| Abruzzo | 2008 | 2,018 | 0.37 | 0 / 45 |  |
| Basilicata | 2010 | 698 | 0.22 | 0 / 30 |  |
| | 2013 | 869 | 0.37 | 0 / 21 |  |
| Sicily | 2012 | 2,031 | 0.10 | 0 / 90 |  |

## Symbols

## InfoBox

| Workers' Communist Party Partito Comunista dei Lavoratori | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Secretary-General | Collective secretariat |
| Founded | 18 June 2006 |
| Split from | Communist Refoundation Party |
| Headquarters | Via Marco Aurelio 7, Milan |
| Newspaper | *Unità di Classe* |
| Ideology | Anti-Stalinism
Communism
Trotskyism |
| Political position | Far-left |
| International affiliation | International Trotskyist Opposition (since 2022),
Coordinating Committee for the Refoundation of the Fourth International (2004-2017) |
| Colors | Red |
| Website | |
| pclavoratori.it | |
|  | |


title: Miss Hargreaves

abstract: Miss Hargreaves is a 1940 book by Frank Baker. It was Baker's third novel and his most successful being republished several times. It was adapted for television, radio and theatre.

text:
# Miss Hargreaves

***Miss Hargreaves*** is a 1940 book by Frank Baker. It was Baker's third novel and his most successful being republished several times. It was adapted for television, radio and theatre.

## 1950 BBC Television Adaptation

The novel was adapted for BBC television in 1950 starring Margaret Rutherford.

## 1952 Television Adaptation

The novel was adapted for television in 1952 as an episode of *Studio One*. It was directed by Franklin J. Schaffner and adapted by Sumner Locke Elliott. Mary Wickes starred.

## 1959 Television Adaptation

The novel was adapted for TV by the BBC in 1959 as *Spur of the Moment*.

## Stage adaptation

The novel was adapted into a stage play which debuted 1952 at Royal Court Theatre Club in London, with Dame Margaret Rutherford in the starring role.

## Radio adaptation

The novel was adapted for radio, with versions by Frank Baker and one by Brian Sibley in 1989.


title: Masahiko Shimada

abstract: Masahiko Shimada Masahiko Shimada is a Japanese writer. He has won the Noma Literary New Face Prize, the Izumi Kyōka Prize for Literature, the Itō Sei Literature Prize, and the Mainichi Publishing Culture Award. His work has been translated into English.

text:
# Masahiko Shimada

**Masahiko Shimada** (島田 雅彦, *Shimada Masahiko*, born 1961) is a Japanese writer. He has won the Noma Literary New Face Prize, the Izumi Kyōka Prize for Literature, the Itō Sei Literature Prize, and the Mainichi Publishing Culture Award. His work has been translated into English.

## Biography

While studying Russian at Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Shimada published a story called **Yasashii sayoku no tame no Kiyuukyoku* (The Cassation for the Soft Left-wingers)* that was nominated for the Akutagawa Prize. The next year he won the 6th Noma Literary New Face Prize for his novel **Muyū ōkoku no tame no ongaku* (夢遊王国のための音楽, Music for the Kingdom of Somnambulism)*.

**Yumetsukai* (夢使い, Dream Messenger)* was published in Japan in 1989, with an English translation by Philip Gabriel following in 1992. In her review for *The New York Times*, Julia Just praised *Dream Messenger* as "proof that the Japanese novel is taking some fantastic turns in the hands of a new generation of writers." A 2017 retrospective review by Stephen Mansfield of *The Japan Times* described *Dream Messenger* as "existential novel that manages to remain firmly grounded within the parameters of a compelling narrative." The same year that *Dream Messenger* was published in English, Shimada won the 20th Izumi Kyōka Prize for Literature for *Higan Sensei* (彼岸先生), a parody of Natsume Sōseki's novel *Kokoro*.

Shimada wrote the libretto for Shigeaki Saegusa's opera *Chūshingura*, which Werner Herzog directed in its 1997 Tokyo debut.

Shimada directed and performed in his own play Yurariumu (Ulalium) in 1990. His Japanese translation of Steve Erickson's Rubicon Beach appeared in 1991.

In 2016 Shimada won the 70th Mainichi Publishing Culture Award for his novel **Kyojin no hoshi* (虚人の星)*.

## Recognition

## Bibliography

* *夢遊王国のための音楽 (*Muyū ōkoku no tame no ongaku*)* (Kodansha, 1984). *Music for a Somnambulant Kingdom*
* **Yumetsukai* (夢使い)* (Kodansha, 1989). *Dream Messenger*, trans. Philip Gabriel (Kodansha, 1992, ISBN 9784770015358)
* *Miira ni naru made* (1990). *Until I Am a Mummy*
* *Armadillo* (Shinchosha, 1991), ISBN 4101187037
* **Higan Sensei* (彼岸先生)* (Fukutake Shoten, 1992, ISBN 9784828824215)
* *Jiyū shikei* (自由死刑) (1999). *Death by Choice*, trans. Meredith McKinney (Thames River Press, 2013, ISBN 9780857282477)
* **Kyojin no hoshi* (虛人の星)*, Kodansha, 2015, ISBN 9784062197434

## InfoBox

| Masahiko Shimada | |
| --- | --- |
| Masahiko Shimada in 2007 | |
| Native name | 島田雅彦 |
| Born | 1961 (age 6263) |
| Occupation | Writer |
| Language | Japanese |
| Alma mater | Tokyo University of Foreign Studies |
| Genre | Fiction |
| Notable awards |  |


title: Olaz (Valle de Egüés)

abstract: Olaz is a locality and council located in the municipality of Valle de Egüés, in Navarre province, Spain, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 702.

text:
# Olaz (Valle de Egüés)

**Olaz** is a locality and *council* located in the municipality of Valle de Egüés, in Navarre province, Spain, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 702.

## Geography

Olaz is located 8km east of Pamplona.

## InfoBox

| Olaz | |
| --- | --- |
| Council | |
|  | |
| OlazOlaz | |
| Coordinates: 42°49′14″N 1°35′16″W / 42.82056°N 1.58778°W / 42.82056; -1.58778 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Community | Navarre |
| Province | Navarre |
| Municipality | Valle de Egüés |
| Elevation | 455 m (1,493 ft) |
| Population | |
| Total | 702 |


title: Grabowiec, Grudziądz County

abstract: Grabowiec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grudziądz, within Grudziądz County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) east of Grudziądz and 53 km (33 mi) north of Toruń.

text:
# Grabowiec, Grudziądz County

**Grabowiec** \[ɡraˈbɔvjɛt͡s\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grudziądz, within Grudziądz County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) east of Grudziądz and 53 km (33 mi) north of Toruń.

## InfoBox

| Grabowiec | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Grabowiec | |
| Coordinates: 53°29′N 18°53′E / 53.483°N 18.883°E / 53.483; 18.883 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Kuyavian-Pomeranian |
| County | Grudziądz |
| Gmina | Grudziądz |


title: Proeulia aethalea

abstract: Proeulia aethalea is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Chile. The length of the forewings is about 11 mm. The ground colour of the forewings is fuscous with indistinct, somewhat olive-brownish or grey-brownish markings. The hindwings are yellowish white, mottled with pale olive brown.

text:
# Proeulia aethalea

***Proeulia aethalea*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Chile.

The length of the forewings is about 11 mm. The ground colour of the forewings is fuscous with indistinct, somewhat olive-brownish or grey-brownish markings. The hindwings are yellowish white, mottled with pale olive brown.

## InfoBox

| *Proeulia aethalea* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Proeulia* |
| Species: | ***P. aethalea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Proeulia aethalea***<br>Obraztsov, 1964 | |
|


title: Jar (unit)

abstract: A jar was an early unit of capacitance once used by the British Royal Navy. The term originated as the capacitance of a Leyden jar. Its value is such that one farad is 9×10⁸ jars and one jar is 1111 picofarads.

text:
# Jar (unit)

A **jar** was an early unit of capacitance once used by the British Royal Navy. The term originated as the capacitance of a Leyden jar. Its value is such that one farad is 9×108 jars and one jar is 1111 picofarads.

## History

With early spark-gap transmitters, changing the transmission frequency was most easily accomplished by changing the number of Leyden jars connected to the tank circuit. While it was possible to calculate the required capacitance directly, it was more usual to simply have a book of lookup tables which gave the number of jars needed for any likely wavelength.

## InfoBox

| Jar | |
| --- | --- |
| Unit of | Capacitance |


title: Grivița (vehicle manufacturer)

abstract: Compania Industrială Griviţa is a bus manufacturer based in Chitila, Ilfov county, Romania. The company is also specialized in vehicle servicing and spare parts production. Their main production line is the coach bus called Grivbuz.

text:
# Grivița (vehicle manufacturer)

**Compania Industrială Griviţa** (former *Atelierele Leonida* and *Întreprinderea de Reparații Auto (IRA) Grivița București*) is a bus manufacturer based in Chitila, Ilfov county, Romania. The company is also specialized in vehicle servicing and spare parts production. Their main production line is the coach bus called **Grivbuz**.

## Overview

The company started building its own series of buses in 1997 with a midibus prototype.

Their product line includes the:

## InfoBox

Compania Industrială Griviţa S.A.
|
|  |
| Company type | Joint-stock company |
| Industry | Bus manufacturing |
| Founded | 1993 (1993)<br>1926 as Atelierele Leonida Bucharest |
| Headquarters | Chitila, Ilfov, Romania |
| Products | Buses |
| Revenue | 24,986,575 RON (2008) |
| Number of employees | 128 (2009) |
| Website | cigrivita.ro |


title: Mary Virginia Merrick

abstract: Mary Virginia Merrick, born in Washington, DC, was a pioneer in American Catholic social reform. At age 20, despite being paralyzed from a fall, she started the Christ Child Society in 1887 to provide for needy infants, children, and their families in the Washington, D.C. area. During her lifetime, she grew the National Christ Child Society to 38 chapters, and today it operates 45 chapters in 21 states and in DC with nearly 6,000 members. Merrick's cause for beatification was opened in 2001 in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington; Merrick was designated a Servant of God in 2003.

text:
# Mary Virginia Merrick

**Mary Virginia Merrick** (November 2, 1866 – January 10, 1955), born in Washington, DC, was a pioneer in American Catholic social reform. At age 20, despite being paralyzed from a fall, she started the Christ Child Society in 1887 to provide for needy infants, children, and their families in the Washington, D.C. area. During her lifetime, she grew the National Christ Child Society to 38 chapters, and today it operates 45 chapters in 21 states and in DC with nearly 6,000 members.

Merrick's cause for beatification was opened in 2001 in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington; Merrick was designated a Servant of God in 2003.

## Early life

Mary Virginia Merrick was born to prominent parents Richard and Nannie Merrick. Richard Merrick was a well-known lawyer, a founder of Georgetown University Law Center, and a descendant of former Maryland Governor Leonard Calvert. His uncle was William Matthews, President of Georgetown College. Nannie Merrick's family was well known for its success in business and its work in establishing Washington, D.C.'s first art collection, the Corcoran Gallery of Art.

Merrick grew up in a devoutly-Catholic environment fostered by her parents and was educated by French nurses and tutors who stressed the Catholic tradition and piety. She developed a deep faith and a love for helping others early while visiting and assisting local poor and vulnerable families with her mother. She aspired to become a Sister of Charity after a religious conversion experience soon after her eleventh birthday.

In her early teen years, Merrick had a fall from a playhouse, beginning the deterioration of her health. She was later diagnosed with a musculoskeletal form of tuberculosis. She eventually spent the majority of her time in a bed, and used a reclining wheelchair.

## Formation of the Christ Child Society

As a teenager, Merrick began to sew clothing for needy children from her reclining position, eventually organizing a small sewing circle to complete a layette in honor of the "Christ Child" to be given to a poor infant during the Christmas season. The following year, she encouraged a child of one of her family's employees who told her he was unlikely to receive a Christmas gift to write letters to the Christ Child to request one. After that, children began sending letters to the Christ Child requesting Christmas gifts, and she and her friends would fill the requests, noting them "from the Christ Child". After her parents died suddenly when Merrick was 18, she conceived the idea of the Christ Child Society, envisioning an organization to serve needy children and families in the community inspired by seeing the Christ Child in every child.

The original Society of 1887 consisted of Merrick's family members and friends, growing to become fully active in distributing layettes and garments and answering Christmas letter requests in 1890. In 1891, Merrick hosted 41 needy children in the D.C. countryside for two weeks; this was the Society's Fresh Air program's beginning. A Council was formed in 1894 to consist of the supervisors of different Society committees, and a Board of Managers was established around 1900. Merrick believed firmly in lay service in the Church, and she founded the Christ Child Society based on that belief.

## Expansion of the Christ Child Society

In 1900, Merrick opened the first official Christ Child House in Washington, D.C., featuring a library and offering music classes for children, nurse-taught courses on the care and treatment of children for underprivileged mothers, and many other courses. The Christ Child Society was formally incorporated in 1903, marked with a published mission of providing improved instruction and relief for needy children in Washington, then a segregated city, "regardless of race, creed, or color".

Merrick oversaw the opening of several more Christ Child Centers in Washington so that by 1907, eight Centers served over two thousand children in the area. By 1908, Merrick's Society had expanded to seven other cities: Baltimore, New York City, Omaha, Worcester, Chicago, Toledo, Dayton, and Ellicott City. Merrick would correspond with the leaders through letters and representatives.

In 1912, Pope Pius X acknowledged and commended the Christ Child Society in a letter to Merrick. In the decade to follow, the Society would purchase a permanent Fresh Air Farm in Silver Spring, Maryland, which later led to several summer camps. The Society also established a Committee on Dental Work to provide free dental care for children in the District's public schools, with significant funding from the U.S. Congress, as well as a program providing D.C. children with medical aid, braces, and orthopedic supplies. The Society later turned over its significant children's clothing distribution duties to the then-forming Catholic Charities organization in Washington, D.C.

Merrick focused the society's early work on programs in the city's poor neighborhoods, through service to minority and immigrant families, offering English language and other skills classes and religious instruction. In 1913, Merrick created a "Colored Auxiliary Committee" within the society. Some historians have criticized Merrick for allowing such racial segregation. In contrast, others have praised her for giving black members a representative on the society's board and autonomy in making decisions about internal operations when African-American rights were severely limited in many other aspects of life.

Even as the Society's work grew in scope, professionalism, and geographic footprint, Merrick emphasized the Society's devotion to the Incarnation as the guiding force behind its ambitions as well as its members' service to children.

## Late life

In 1948, health concerns forced Merrick to resign from her position heading the National Society. However, she was still elected Honorary National President of the Society and served in that position until she died in 1955. She continued to serve as President of the Washington Chapter until her death.

In her later years, Merrick composed a draft of a handwritten autobiography that recounted the formation and growth of the Society. She spent the last 30 years of her life in Chevy Chase, Maryland, where she was cared for by her sister and three secretaries, and she continued to work on behalf of the Society. Near the end of her life, in 1954, Merrick said of her life's work: "The guiding principle of the Society has always been personal service rendered for the love of the Christ Child to the least of these little ones. In developing this purpose, the Society has widened and deepened its activities to meet the exigencies of its time".

On January 5, 1955, Merrick was taken to Georgetown Hospital after complaining of pain and died there of a cerebral hemorrhage on January 10, 1955, at 88. Upon her death, the Archbishop of Washington, Cardinal Patrick O’Boyle, predicted she would be the first U.S.-born saint in the Catholic Church.

Merrick is buried at Oak Hill Cemetery in Georgetown.

## Other accomplishments/awards

* 1915: Merrick was awarded the Laetare Medal from University of Notre Dame.
* 1932: Merrick was the first woman to receive the Cosmopolitan Club Medal, awarded every year to Washington, D.C.'s most outstanding citizen.\[1\]
* 1937: at the Christ Child Society's fiftieth anniversary, the Vatican honored Merrick with the Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice Medal, given to recognize those who work exemplarily for the Catholic Church.
* 1938: Eleanor Roosevelt wrote about Merrick and the Christ Child Society's work in her Washington Daily News column. In her column, Roosevelt wrote: "\[Merrick\] began by making one child happy at Christmas time, and now, in this city, there is a settlement house which takes care of thousands of children. There is a convalescent home where 32 children are taken the year-round and restored to health. The work of the Society has become national".
* 1938: Merrick received the Siena Medal of the Theta Phi Alpha Women's fraternity, given every year to a Catholic woman who has made a distinctive contribution to United States Catholic life.
* 1948: Merrick was given an honorary degree from Georgetown University.

## Works

* In 1909, *The Life of Christ*, a children-oriented book meant to combine the lessons of Catholicism with the teachings of the Gospels, was published.
* In 1913, *Margery Stories*, a collection of fictional tales with moral messages for young adults.
* In 1915, *Come Unto Me*, a set of prayers before and after Communion.
* In 1920, *The Altar of God*, another child-focused work meant to introduce youth to the Catholic Mass

## Beatification cause

In April 2011, Donald Cardinal Wuerl, a former Archbishop of Washington, officially opened the Archdiocesan process through a decree that stated he was "initiating the cause of beatification and canonization of the Servant of God, Mary Virginia Merrick". This stage is still currently in process, supervised by Kathleen Asdorian, JD; JCL, as a postulator.

## Legacy

As of 2024, there are 45 chapters in 22 states with over 5,000 members of the National Christ Child Society serving children and families in need today, still governed by Merrick's motto that "Nothing is ever too much to do for a child," and as dictated by local conditions. In addition to providing new mothers with essential items such as bottles, diapers, clothing, blankets, and books for newborns, the Society engages in wide variety of programs and services, including reading and literacy programs; book distributions; parenting programs; in-school and after-school education and enrichment programs; dedicated facilities for children who have been ejected from the foster system; school supplies, clothing, shoes, and outerwear for school-aged children; backpacks full of personal items for children in foster care or fleeing domestic violence; and thousands of Christmas and Easter gifts each year to needy children and families.

In 2007, the Mary Virginia Merrick Center, an Out-of-School safe place that operates as a community and youth recreational facility for children and families opened in Washington D.C.

## Sources

* Rissetto, Harry. In Service of the Christ Child: An Illustrated Biography of Mary Virginia Merrick, 1866–1955. National Christ Child Society. 2003.
* "Saintly woman, not yet a saint," Chicago Tribune. Glen Elsasser. September 28, 2007.
* 1954 National Christ Child Society Annual Report

## InfoBox

| Servant of God
Mary Virginia Merrick | |
| --- | --- |
| Mary Virginia Merrick with two children (c. 1953) | |
| Born | (1866-11-02)2 November 1866
Washington D.C., U.S. |
| Died | 10 January 1955(1955-01-10) (aged 88)
Washington, D.C., U.S. |
| Resting place | Oak Hill Cemetery
Washington, D.C., U.S. |


title: Weitnau

abstract: Weitnau is a municipality in the rural district Oberallgäu in Bavaria/Germany. Together with the neighboring municipality of Missen-Wilhams, Weitnau shares an administrative unit.

text:
# Weitnau

**Weitnau** (Low Alemannic: *Witne*) is a municipality in the rural district Oberallgäu in Bavaria/Germany. Together with the neighboring municipality of Missen-Wilhams, Weitnau shares an administrative unit.

## Geography

Weitnau is situated in the Allgäu region in the foothills of the Bavarian Alps. The municipality consists of the town Weitnau and the villages of Seltmans, Sibratshofen, Kleinweiler, Hellengerst, Rechtis and Wengen; in addition to that there are several small hamlets, most notably Waltrams, Gerholz, Engelhirsch, Eisenbolz, Ettensberg, Klausenmühle and Weilerle. The town Weitnau lies in a valley bordered to the north by the Sonneck mountain (elev. 1109 m.) and to the south by the Hauchenberg mountain (elev. 1243 m.). The stream Weitnauer Bach has its source in the east of the municipality's area and flows into the 49 miles long river Argen in Seltmans. The Argen river itself flows into Lake Constance and thus is a tributary to the river Rhine, one of Germany's major rivers.

## Etymology

The name Weitnau is derived from the earliest names given to settlements in the valley. Such names can be traced back to the 8th century A.D. when a settlement in the Weitnau valley was referred to as "Witunavia", possibly an Old High German name. The prefix "witun" might be traced back to Old High German "wittan" meaning "to widen" or "make wider"; the suffix "avia" might be traced back to the Old High German "awia" meaning "land by the water". Thus Witunavia can roughly be translated to "broad pastures by a stream", a term which certainly does justice to a small stream settlement in a wide valley. Over the centuries the term was shortened and the suffix changed first to "Witenowe" - possibly Middle High German as the new suffix "owe" suggests - in the 12th century. Then to Weitnaw by the 16th century and Weüttnau by the 18th century. Around 1834 Weitnau was finally referred to as "Weidnau".

## History

Around 1200–800 BCE, Illyrians from the east and Veneti from the west started settling in the Allgäu. Argen is an Illyrian name and probably means "forest stream". In 90 CE, the Roman road from Cambodunum (Kempten) to Brigantium (Bregenz) led through the Wengen valley, where a Roman milestone was found in 1500. It is believed that Weitnau was mentioned for the first time in 726 as "Witunavia". It is certain that in 1250 Weitnau was mentioned as "Witenove".

Until 1805 Weitnau belonged to the Austrian House of Bregenz-Hohenegg. As early as the 13th century, Weitnau was an administrative center, the legal domicile of the House of Bregenz-Hohenegg and enjoyed the right to hold a market. In 1760, the last execution took place when a certain Lukas Bentele a "petty thief and idler" was decapitated by executioner Jakob Räß.

In 1805 it was ceded to Bavaria under the peace treaties of Brünn and Pressburg.

World War II took a heavy toll of lives, several dozen young men from the municipality fell on the frontlines in the West and particularly the East. Towards the end of the war, in April 1945, Weitnau was occupied first by French then by Moroccan troops, the French/Moroccans left in July of the same year, and American troops took over occupation duties in Weitnau.

Rechtis-Hellengerst, then only a rural community, voluntarily joined the municipality of Weitnau in 1963, in 1973 the municipality of Wengen was incorporated into the municipality of Weitnau when a regional reorganization of municipalities in Bavaria took place. Weitnau has been recognized as a climatic health resort since December 2005.

## Population Development

Weitnau's population has increased considerably since it reached a low in 1987 when only 3.873 citizens were counted. In 2005, 5.209 citizens were registered. Sustainable development of attractive new building grounds should guarantee a moderate increase of the population.

## Economy

A number of small and medium-sized companies are located within the community area. Metal- and plastics-processing companies are to be found as well as a larger number of trades. According to the community's website, 373 companies are registered currently; there are 49 workshops, 18 companies in the catering trade, a number of retailers and 17 industrial companies.

A new industrial estate is currently being developed to the west of Weitnau offering opportunities for a number of new businesses. Furthermore, there are 145 farms cultivating some 34 square kilometres of agricultural land and 28 square kilometres of woodland in the municipality.

## Education

The Volksschule (elementary and secondary school) Weitnau serves a large catchment area. Apart from pupils of the municipality of Weitnau, recently also pupils from the neighboring community of Missen have been taught in Weitnau. The Volksschule consists of the main building in Weitnau, which was extended and refurbished in the mid-1990s, and a small branch in the village Kleinweiler.
In school year 2006/2007, some 420 pupils in 18 classes are taught by 29 teachers and tutors.
Two nursery schools, also in Weitnau and Kleinweiler, with 14 attendants serve the needs of young families.

## Sights and Places of Interest

**Carl-Hirnbein-Erlebnisweg**; an adventure hiking trail between Weitnau and Missen featuring attractions, playgrounds and sheltered places for rest. Numerous displays provide detailed information about the flora and fauna in the surrounding forest and invite hikers to participate in games and to solve educative riddles and anagrams.

**Hauchenberg and "Alpkönigblick"**; on top of the Hauchenberg mountain a lookout tower was constructed in 2007 with the help of helicopter airlifts. At a height of 1240 m., the "Alpkönigblick", which was officially opened on 21 October 2007 by the Bavarian State Minister of Agriculture and Forestry Josef Miller, offers scenic views of the Weitnau valley and surrounding landscape to the north, and the German, Austrian and Swiss Alps to the south. A short stroll away Kling's Alpe, a licensed mountain hut offering food and service to hikers at weekends, opened in September 2007.

**St. Pelagius Church**; the neo-Gothic church of the town of Weitnau. Reconstructed in part 1862-72. In all probability only the nave was reconstructed, the choir, which was built in 1739-1740, was very likely retained. Parts of the spire date back to the 14th century. The church is considered a neo-Gothic sacred building, it features numerous elaborate stencil drawings and colourful embellishments. The statues of the high altar originate from the Multscher School and date back to around 1490. Station of the Jakobus Pilgrimage Trail

**Alttrauchburg Castle Ruins**; extensively reconstructed castle ruins with inn and beer garden overlooking the village Kleinweiler. The Alttrauchburg can be reached via signposted hiking trails in approximately an hour from Weitnau.

**Adler Guesthouse**; guesthouse in the town of Weitnau which used to house the official chambers of the House of Bregenz-Hohenegg. Probably built in 1753. Today a restaurant and guesthouse which also houses the public library, the tourism office and a small museum.

**18-Hole Golf Course** in Hellengerst which offers panoramic views of the Alps.

**Argental Skilifte**; Two ski lifts offer well-prepared pistes for beginners and seasoned skiers and snowboarders. The 500-metre-long family lift, a modern T-bar lift with a difference in altitude of 120 metres, was completely rebuilt in the early 2000s. In addition, there is a 100-metre beginners lift with a difference in altitude of 20 metres. Right next to the beginners lift, a short run is usually prepared for sledges and toboggans. Weitnau's cross-country skiing network has its starting point here and is regularly tracked from here.

## Town twinning

Weitnau has been twinned with Magné, a municipality in the north-west of France near the Atlantic Coast, since 1986.

Website Weitnau with pictures - German
Website local sports club with pictures - German
Website local school with pictures - German
Website local fire brigade with pictures - German
Golf course Hellengerst - German and English
Website ski lift - German with pictures
Weitnau Pension - German with pictures

## InfoBox

| Weitnau | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| View of Weitnau from the Sonneck, Hauchenberg in the background | |
|  | |
| Location of Weitnau within Oberallgäu district | |
| Weitnau Weitnau | |
| Coordinates: 47°39′N 10°8′E / 47.650°N 10.133°E / 47.650; 10.133 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Bavaria |
| Admin. region | Schwaben |
| District | Oberallgäu |
| Municipal assoc. | Weitnau |
| Government | |
| Mayor (202026) | Florian Schmid |
| Area | |
| Total | 65.22 km2 (25.18 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 1,243 m (4,078 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 798 m (2,618 ft) |
| Population (2023-12-31) | |
| Total | 5,514 |
| Density | 85/km2 (220/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 87480 |
| Dialling codes | 08375 |
| Vehicle registration | OA |
| Website | www.weitnau.de |


title: Old Thorns Manor Hotel

abstract: The Old Thorns Hotel and Resort is a hotel and leisure resort in Hampshire, England, close to Liphook and the A3 trunk road. The Old Thorns estate was previously the property of Ken Wood, inventor of the Kenwood food mixer, in the late 1950s. It was another 24 years before a golf course was constructed on the 400-acre site. Commander John Harris was commissioned to build the golf course in the 1970s but his death meant that the task was passed to Peter Alliss and Dave Thomas. The new design team had just completed the Lansdowne and Brabazon courses at the Belfry so were regarded as rising stars in this field. Once completed, a course launch was arranged involving Bill Rogers, Jack Nicklaus, Seve Ballesteros and Isao Aoke.

text:
# Old Thorns Manor Hotel

The **Old Thorns Hotel and Resort** is a hotel and leisure resort in Hampshire, England, close to Liphook and the A3 trunk road.

The Old Thorns estate (which later become a hotel, golf and leisure resort) was previously the property of Ken Wood, inventor of the Kenwood food mixer, in the late 1950s. It was another 24 years before a golf course was constructed on the 400-acre site.

Commander John Harris was commissioned to build the golf course in the 1970s but his death meant that the task was passed to Peter Alliss and Dave Thomas. The new design team had just completed the Lansdowne and Brabazon courses at the Belfry so were regarded as rising stars in this field.

Once completed, a course launch was arranged involving Bill Rogers, Jack Nicklaus, Seve Ballesteros and Isao Aoke.

## Present day

The course and attached hotel was acquired by the Shaw family in 2007 the previous developers of Dunston Hall and Ambassador Hotel (both in Norwich). Old Thorns underwent further development to include increased accommodation, conference and banqueting facilities and a large health spa facility.

In 2013, UCF Chinese investment group purchased the 400-hectare estate from the Shaw family. Further investment in facilities and accommodation followed, including the development of 50 apartments on site.

July 2022 marked the 40th anniversary of Old Thorns Hotel & Resort.

51°04′30″N 0°49′56″W / 51.0749°N 0.8322°W / 51.0749; -0.8322


title: Grabowiec, Gmina Osiek

abstract: Grabowiec is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Osiek, within Starogard County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

text:
# Grabowiec, Gmina Osiek

**Grabowiec** \[ɡraˈbɔvjɛt͡s\] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Osiek, within Starogard County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see *History of Pomerania*.

## InfoBox

| Grabowiec | |
| --- | --- |
| Settlement | |
| Grabowiec | |
| Coordinates: 53°54′20″N 18°35′54″E / 53.90556°N 18.59833°E / 53.90556; 18.59833 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Pomeranian |
| County | Starogard |
| Gmina | Osiek |


title: Procopius (magister militum)

abstract: Procopius was a Roman patrician and military leader. Descended from the Roman usurper Procopius, Procopius was the father of Roman Emperor Anthemius, and married to the daughter of Flavius Anthemius. In the Roman–Sasanian War of 421–422, Procopius commanded soldiers of the late Roman army and secured the rescue of Roman units that were ambushed by Zhayedan forces. In 422, he was an envoy in the conflict-ending negotiations. For these successes, Procopius was awarded the title of patrician and made magister militum per Orientem, a post he held through at least 424.

text:
# Procopius (magister militum)

**Procopius** (fl.420s) was a Roman patrician and military leader.

Descended from the Roman usurper Procopius, Procopius was the father of Roman Emperor Anthemius, and married to the daughter of Flavius Anthemius.

In the Roman–Sasanian War of 421–422, Procopius commanded soldiers of the late Roman army (possibly as a *dux* or *comes rei militaris*) and secured the rescue of Roman units that were ambushed by Zhayedan forces. In 422, he was an envoy in the conflict-ending negotiations. For these successes, Procopius was awarded the title of patrician and made *magister militum per Orientem* (possibly by Theodosius II to succeed Ardabur), a post he held through at least 424.

## InfoBox

| Procopius | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Roman |
| Title | Patrician |
| Children | Anthemius |
| Family | Procopius (ancestor) |
|  | |
| Military career | |
| Service | Late Roman army |
| Commands | *Orientem* |
| Conflicts | Roman–Sasanian War |
|  | |


title: Accidental Heroes (TV series)

abstract: Accidental Heroes is an Australian light entertainment series which features funny moments caught on camera, when ordinary people accidentally end up as internet viral sensations. It is produced by the Nine Network, and hosted by Nick Cody and Sophie Monk. The series was filmed in 2017 and announced as part of their programming slate for that year, but wasn't screened. With holes in their schedule in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the series premiered with a double episode on 9 April 2020. The series was placed on hiatus from 23 April, before returning on 13 June 2020.

text:
# Accidental Heroes (TV series)

***Accidental Heroes*** is an Australian light entertainment series which features funny moments caught on camera, when ordinary people accidentally end up as internet viral sensations. It is produced by the Nine Network, and hosted by Nick Cody and Sophie Monk.

The series was filmed in 2017 and announced as part of their programming slate for that year, but wasn't screened. With holes in their schedule in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the series premiered with a double episode on 9 April 2020. The series was placed on hiatus from 23 April, before returning on 13 June 2020.

## InfoBox

| *Accidental Heroes* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Light Entertainment, Comedy |
| Presented by |  |
| Country of origin | Australia |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 10 |
| Original release | |
| Network | Nine Network |
| Release | 9 April 2020 (2020-04-09) <br>present |


title: World Popular Song Festival

abstract: World Popular Song Festival The World Popular Song Festival, also known as Yamaha Music Festival and unofficially as the "Oriental Eurovision", was an international song contest held from 1970 until 1989. It was organised by the Yamaha Music Foundation in Tokyo, Japan from 1970 until 1989. The first edition of the World Popular Song Festival (WPSF) took place on 20, 21 and 22 November 1970 with 37 participating countries from all continents. The concert was cancelled in 1988 due to the illness of the Shōwa Emperor; the final year was a charity concert for UNICEF, after which the contest was formally ended.

text:
# World Popular Song Festival

The **World Popular Song Festival** (世界歌謡祭, *Sekai Kayōsai*), also known as **Yamaha Music Festival** and unofficially as the **"Oriental Eurovision"**, was an international song contest held from 1970 until 1989. It was organised by the Yamaha Music Foundation in Tokyo, Japan from 1970 until 1989. The first edition of the World Popular Song Festival (WPSF) took place on 20, 21 and 22 November 1970 with 37 participating countries from all continents. The concert was cancelled in 1988 due to the illness of the Shōwa Emperor; the final year was a charity concert for UNICEF, after which the contest was formally ended.

## History

Belgium was represented at the 1970 edition by Daliah Lavi, famous for her role in *Casino Royale* (1967), the James Bond parody featuring Woody Allen as well with Samantha Gilles in 1987 ending second with the song Hold Me. Lavi performed the chanson "Prends L'Amour" and ended up 13th in the Grand Final (the contest had two semi-finals and one final). The Netherlands delegated world-known jazz singer Rita Reys with the song "Just Be You", a composition by her husband Pim Jacobs. Czech singer Helena Vondráčková sang "Uncle Charlie" a novelty song inspired by Charlie Chaplin. Other famous 1970 participants were 1969 Eurovision winner Frida Boccara for France, Jacques Michel for Canada and Ted Mulry for Australia, who scored a national number 1 hit with his entry. Winner of the 1st WPSF was Israel with the duo Hedva & David. More than 2 million copies of their winning entry "Ani Holem Al Naomi" ("I Dream Of Naomi") were sold worldwide, giving a serious credibility boost to the new Festival.

Well established names as well as new talents tried their fortune at the WPSF: a very young ABBA under the name Björn & Benny with uncredited backing vocals by their partners Agnetha and Anni-Frid performing the track "Santa Rosa" with little success (later relegated to the B-side of their second single "He Is Your Brother"), Céline Dion (Outstanding Song Award in 1982), Bryan Adams (Participating in 1982), Bucks Fizz (Best Song Award in 1981), Tina Charles, Eros Ramazzotti, Daniela Romo, Gianna Nannini, Demis Roussos, Bonnie Tyler, B.J. Thomas, La Toya Jackson, Erasure, Cissy Houston, Italian singer-songwriter Alice, Mia Martini and many others.

In the history of the WPSF, the United Kingdom has been the most successful, winning the "WPSF Grand Prix" 5 times in the seventies (even three times in row). The United Kingdom is followed by the United States with 4 Grand Prix victories. Smaller countries won as well: Jamaica in 1972 with Ernie Smith, Norway in 1974 with Ellen Nikolaysen, Cuba in 1981 with Osvaldo Rodríguez and Hungary in 1983 with Neoton Família.

### Grand Prix Winners

| Year | Country | Artist | Title |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1970 | Israel | Hedva & David | "Ani Holem Al Naomi" |
| 1971 | France | Martine Clémenceau | "Un Jour l'Amour" |
|  | Japan | Tsunehiko Kamijo & Rokumonsen | "Tabidachi No Uta" |
| 1972 | United Kingdom | Capricorn | "Feeling" |
|  | Jamaica | Ernie Smith | "Life is Just for Livin'" |
| 1973 | Italy | Gilda Giuliani | "Parigi a Volte Cosa Fa" |
|  | United States | Shawn Phillips | "All the Kings and Castles" |
|  | United Kingdom | Keeley Ford | "Head over Heels" |
|  | Japan | Akiko Kosaka | "Anata (You)" |
| 1974 | Norway | Ellen Nikolaysen | "You Made Me Feel I Could Fly" |
| 1975 | Mexico | Mister Loco | "Lucky Man" |
|  | Japan | Miyuki Nakajima | "Jidai (Time Goes Around)" |
| 1976 | Italy | Franco & Regina | "Amore Mio" |
|  | Japan | Sandy | "Goodbye Morning" |
| 1977 | United Kingdom | Rags | "Can't Hide My Love" |
|  | Japan | Masanori Sera and Twist | "Anta no Ballade" |
| 1978 | United Kingdom | Tina Charles | "Love Rocks" |
|  | Japan | Hiroshi Madoka | "Musoubana (Fly on All the Way)" |
| 1979 | United Kingdom | Bonnie Tyler | "Sitting on the Edge of the Ocean" |
|  | Japan | Crystal King | "Daitokai (In the City of Strangers)" |
| 1980 | United States | Mary MacGregor | "What's The Use" |
| 1981 | Cuba | Osvaldo Rodríguez | "Digamos Que Mas Da" |
| 1982 | United States | Anne Bertucci | "Where Did We Go Wrong" |
|  | Japan | Asuka | "Hananusubito" |
| 1983 | Hungary | Neoton Família | "Time Goes By" |
| 1984 | Canada | France Joli | "Party Lights" |
| 1985 | Argentina | Valeria Lynch | "Rompecabezas" |
| 1986 | United States | Stacy Lattisaw | "Longshot" |
| 1987 | Australia | Pseudo Echo | "Take on the World" |
| 1988 |  | *(the contest was cancelled)* |  |
| 1989 | UNICEF *Charity Concert* | Stevie Wonder, Bonnie Tyler, B. J. Thomas, Dan Hill, Pseudo Echo | "Parents of the World" |
|

## Awards

* Grand Prix International
* Grand Prix National 1975-1982
* Most Outstanding Performance Award (MOPA)
* Outstanding Performance Award (OPA)
* Outstanding Song Award (OSA)
* Kawakami Award

## InfoBox

| World Popular Song Festival<br>(Yamaha Music Festival) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Rock music, |
| Location(s) | Tokyo, Japan |
| Years active | 1970 – 1989 |
| Founders | Yamaha Music Foundation |
| Website | Official Site by Yamaha Music Foundation |


title: Raymond Wesley Starr

abstract: Raymond Wesley Starr was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan.

text:
# Raymond Wesley Starr

**Raymond Wesley Starr** (August 24, 1888 – November 2, 1968) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan.

## Education and career

Born in Harbor Springs, Michigan, Starr received a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Michigan Law School in 1910. He was in private practice in Grand Rapids, Michigan from 1910 to 1937, and was then Attorney General of Michigan from 1937 to 1938, thereafter returning to private practice until 1941. He was a justice of the Michigan Supreme Court from 1941 to 1946.

## Federal judicial service

On July 3, 1946, Starr was nominated by President Harry S. Truman to a seat on the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan vacated by Judge Fred Morton Raymond. Starr was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 23, 1946, and received his commission on July 25, 1946. He served as Chief Judge from 1954 to 1961, assuming senior status on August 15, 1961. Starr served in that capacity until his death on November 2, 1968.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Raymond Wesley Starr | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan | |
| **In office**
August 15, 1961  November 2, 1968 | |
| Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan | |
| **In office**
1954–1961 | |
| Preceded by | *Office established* |
| Succeeded by | W. Wallace Kent |
| Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan | |
| **In office**
July 25, 1946  August 15, 1961 | |
| Appointed by | Harry S. Truman |
| Preceded by | Fred Morton Raymond |
| Succeeded by | Noel Peter Fox |
| Attorney General of Michigan | |
| **In office**
1937–1938 | |
| Governor | Frank Murphy |
| Preceded by | David H. Crowley |
| Succeeded by | Thomas Read |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Raymond Wesley Starr
(1888-08-24)August 24, 1888
Harbor Springs, Michigan |
| Died | November 2, 1968(1968-11-02) (aged 80) |
| Education | University of Michigan Law School (LL.B.) |
|  | |