title: McGill School of Architecture

abstract: The Peter Guo-hua Fu School of Architecture, formerly the McGill School of Architecture, is one of eight academic units constituting the Faculty of Engineering at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Founded in 1896 by Sir William Macdonald, it offers accredited professional and post-professional programs ranging from undergraduate to PhD levels. The School of Architecture is located inside the Macdonald-Harrington Building, designed by Sir Andrew Taylor, on the McGill University downtown campus. The School of Urban Planning, which became independent from the School of Architecture in 1970, occupies the fourth floor. The School of Architecture also operates many auxiliary facilities, including workshops, laser cutting and 3D-printing facilities, research labs and various libraries and collections both within the Macdonald-Harrington Building and elsewhere on McGill's campus. The school is accredited by the Canadian Architectural Certification Board (CACB) and is recognized in the United States by the National Council of Architectural Registration Boards (NCARB). The Architecture Students' Association represents undergraduate students at the school and the Graduate Architecture Students' Association represents graduate and post-graduate students. All registered students automatically become members of these associations. The school also maintains a chapter of the American Institute of Architecture Students as well as bilateral exchange agreements with several architecture schools in other countries. As of Fall 2019, there were 163 undergraduate, 90 graduate and 20 PhD students enrolled. On September 26, 2017, the school was renamed the Peter Guo-hua Fu School of Architecture following a C$12 million gift from architect and McGill graduate Peter Fu.

text:
# McGill School of Architecture

The **Peter Guo-hua Fu School of Architecture**, formerly the **McGill School of Architecture**, is one of eight academic units constituting the Faculty of Engineering at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Founded in 1896 by Sir William Macdonald, it offers accredited professional and post-professional programs ranging from undergraduate to PhD levels.

The School of Architecture is located inside the Macdonald-Harrington Building, designed by Sir Andrew Taylor, on the McGill University downtown campus. The School of Urban Planning, which became independent from the School of Architecture in 1970, occupies the fourth floor. The School of Architecture also operates many auxiliary facilities, including workshops, laser cutting and 3D-printing facilities, research labs and various libraries and collections both within the Macdonald-Harrington Building and elsewhere on McGill's campus. The school is accredited by the Canadian Architectural Certification Board (CACB) and is recognized in the United States by the National Council of Architectural Registration Boards (NCARB).

The Architecture Students' Association represents undergraduate students at the school and the Graduate Architecture Students' Association represents graduate and post-graduate students. All registered students automatically become members of these associations. The school also maintains a chapter of the American Institute of Architecture Students as well as bilateral exchange agreements with several architecture schools in other countries. As of Fall 2019, there were 163 undergraduate, 90 graduate and 20 PhD students enrolled.

On September 26, 2017, the school was renamed the Peter Guo-hua Fu School of Architecture following a $12 million gift from architect and McGill graduate Peter Fu.

## History

McGill's School of Architecture, founded in 1896, is one of the oldest architecture schools in North America and the second to be established in Canada. Initially a Beaux-Arts style school based in the Arts and Crafts movement, it became a Bauhaus-based institution under new directorship after World War II. The school was the first in the country to offer a graduate planning program and a PhD in architecture.

### Early history

In 1890, the Province of Quebec Association of Architects adopted a constitution requiring compulsory examination for people in Quebec who wished to become professional architects. This created a need for more systematic architectural education, and the absence of such opportunities caused many aspiring Canadian architects to study in the United States, where ten architecture schools had already been established. Canada did not yet have any formal architectural education, and the only forms of architectural education in Montreal were periodical lectures by local practising architects at McGill's affiliated religious colleges. This new need for architectural education is an important factor that led to the founding of the School of Architecture at McGill University.

In 1896, Sir William C. Macdonald created a chair in architecture at McGill which was led by Stewart Henbest Capper, a former student at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. Macdonald also provided funds for the purchase and maintenance of the school's initial equipment. At this time, the school had two architecture studios which occupied two rooms of the top floor of the original Macdonald Engineering Building. The school offered a four-year course to prepare students for professional accreditation, and as it remains today, the first year was preparatory, with all courses taken jointly by architecture and engineering students. The first graduating class was composed of only three students, and Professor Capper gave all lectures in architecture, while Henry F. Armstrong, the only other full-time professor, taught art classes and modelling.

In 1903, Capper returned to England to establish the School of Architecture at Victoria University of Manchester, which was the fourth university architecture school to be established in the British Commonwealth, after University of Toronto (1890), University of Liverpool (1894) and McGill (1896). The second director of the school, Percy Nobbs, arrived at McGill in 1903 to only two students. Nobbs is credited with designing the McGill coat of arms three years into his tenure. As director, he divided the four-year course into two streams, the BArch degree and the BSc degree in Architectural Engineering. By 1906, he was teaching six classes, so he hired three new staff to assist him, including his former colleague Cecil Burgess. Nobbs believed students should be exposed to architecture in practice, and designed the McGill Union (today the McCord Museum) across from McGill's Roddick Gates. After the Macdonald Engineering Building burned down in 1907, Nobbs designed the new building in its place, and the School of Architecture moved to its ground floor. By 1912, the school had grown to eight students, and the next year, Philip J. Turner joined the faculty. In 1913, Ramsay Traquair became the new director. He is credited with designing the McGill flag, which he presented to the university in 1921 and has since flown above the Arts Building.

#### World War I

At the onset of World War I, many faculty and students were called to war. Nobbs attained the military rank of major, while twelve of his students did not return. Four among these students have tributes named in their honour at McGill, including Gordon H. Blackader, for whom the Blackader-Lauterman Library is named, Hugh McLennan, namesake of the *Hugh McLennan Memorial Travelling Scholarship*, Murdoch Laing, of the *Murdoch Laing Prize* and John Louis Robertson, of the *Louis Robertson Book Prize*. In addition to the aforementioned four, eight other McGill architects were added to the Roll of Honour of World War I. Another seven graduates returned from the war as distinguished soldiers, with one receiving the Distinguished Service Order, four the Military Cross and two the French *Croix de Guerre*.

#### Post-war

After the war, Nobbs continued to teach many classes. In 1920, Ernest Cormier joined the faculty for one year to teach design and the next year, Traquair organized the school's first "sketching school" in Quebec City, a tradition that has been carried on annually to various destinations since as a credited course. Arthur Lismer, a member of the Group of Seven, taught this course at the school for over a decade even after his retirement in 1955.

In 1939, Turner succeeded Traquair, who had completed a 26-year tenure as director. At this time, McGill Principal Lewis Williams Douglas considered discontinuing the architecture program due to low enrollment; however he faced a great deal of backlash from Turner and several famous architects from Montreal, and eventually abandoned the idea. Under Turner's tenure, support for co-education was made, and in 1943 Catherine Mary Wisnicki became the first woman to graduate from the school. Wisnicki was the fourth woman member of the Ontario Association of Architects and the second to join the Architectural Institute of British Columbia.

### Mid-century

Following the retirement of Turner as director of the School of Architecture, John Bland became director in 1941. In 1945, a new five-year program was adopted for the next two decades. After the Second World War, the School of Architecture increased its staff and doubled its physical accommodation due to the surge in university enrollment. This required the school to briefly use McGill's Dawson College, a satellite campus in St. Jean, Quebec, to accommodate its students. By 1947, the school had become so cramped that a repurposed building on University Street was vacated to make room for the school's students. This new building expanded the school's physical size immensely, and enrollment grew to 133 full-time students by the 1949–1950 academic year. At the same time as the school's relocation, Professor Frederic Lasserre left the school to establish a new architecture school at the University of British Columbia. Lasserre's resignation, coupled with the new influx of students at the school resulted in the hiring of several new faculty members, which included Robert Esdaile and Harold Spence-Sales.

In 1946, Spence-Sales became Associate Professor of Design, and he and Bland established the first post-graduate architecture and planning program in Canada. Beginning in this academic year, the professional program was extended to six years, with first-year students following the engineering curriculum. During the early 1950s, three new teachers were added to the faculty, including Hazen Sise and Guy Desbarats who later founded Arcop with Fred Lebensold, Ray Affleck, and Dimitri Dimakopoulos – all former students or teachers of the school.

In January 1958, the school was temporarily relocated to two townhouses on McTavish Street when the University Street building was demolished for the construction of the McConnell Building. On November 30, 1959, the new building was inaugurated and the School of Architecture moved to its north-eastern wing, where it remained for decades. Enrollment was steady during the 1950s due to the limitations of physical space, but after the McConnell Building underwent a four-story expansion in the 1960s enrollment grew again.

In 1961, McGill Professor Douglas Shadbolt left the school to found the first architecture program at the Nova Scotia Technical College (later known as Technical University of Nova Scotia \[TUNS\]) in Halifax, and 8 years later founded the School of Architecture (later the Azrieli School of Architecture and Urbanism) at Carleton University in Ottawa, Ontario. In 1966, John C. Parkin and Harry Mayerovitch joined the faculty as visiting professors. In the following years, Ray Affleck, Fred Lebensold, Andre Vecsei, Warren Chalk and Moshe Safdie also became visiting professors.

In the late 1960s, the six-year architecture program became a four-year program with the introduction of CEGEPs in Quebec.

### 1970–present

In 1970, Spence-Sales retired from the faculty. Later that year, the graduate planning program was restructured by Professor David Farley, which resulted in the establishment of the independent School of Urban Planning. Over the next decade and a half, the school changed directorship three times, with Professor Norbert Schoenauer heading the school from 1972 until 1975, Professor Derek Drummond from 1975 until 1985 and Professor Bruce Anderson in 1985.

In 1987, the school moved from the Engineering building to the Macdonald-Harrington Building. Macdonald-Harrington was initially named the Macdonald Chemistry Building but was renamed after Bernard Harrington, the building's first chemistry professor. The building is one of the many donations made by Sir William Macdonald and was designed by Sir Andrew Taylor for the Departments of Chemistry and Mining in 1896. The building was renovated for the architecture and urban planning departments by Arcop in 1987.

In 1989, the School of Architecture's PhD program was introduced. In 1990, Derek Drummond returned for another six years as the school's director, replaced by Professor David Covo in 1996. In 1997, the PhD program was officially approved by the Minister of Education as the first in Canada, and the school had its first PhD graduate, Lily Chi. In 1999, the professional BArch degree was replaced by the new MArch I professional degree, leaving the BSc in architecture as the only undergraduate architecture degree. Two years later, the school graduated its first class in the MArch I program.

In 2003, philanthropist David Azrieli endowed an annual lecture at the school, called the David J. Azrieli Lecture Series. In 2005, McGill Architecture graduate Gerald Sheff endowed the Gerald Sheff Visiting Professorship in Architecture faculty position, which enabled the recruitment of leading individuals in architecture to teach at the school. The first appointee in 2006 was Dan Hanganu, and subsequent hires include John Shnier (the first Canadian to win the Prix de Rome in Architecture), Steve Badanes, Atelier TAG, Matthew Lella (partner at Diamond Schmitt Architects), and Gilles Saucier.

After an 11-year tenure as director, Covo stepped down and Professor Michael Jemtrud became director of the school in 2007. The next year, Jemtrud founded the Facility for Architectural Research in Media and Mediation (FARMM) at the School of Architecture with more than $1 million in funding from the Canada Foundation for Innovation. FARMM produced many award-winning projects and serves as the research hub for the school.

In 2011, Professor Annmarie Adams became the first woman director of the School of Architecture. From 2015 to 2021, the director was Professor Martin Bressani. Since September 2021, the director has been Professor David Theodore.

### Directors

| Director | Tenure |
| --- | --- |
| Stewart Henbest Capper | 1896–1903 |
| Percy Nobbs | 1903–1913 |
| Ramsay Traquair | 1913–1939 |
| Philip J. Turner | 1939–1941 |
| John Bland | 1941–1972 |
| Norbert Schoenauer | 1972–1975 |
| Derek Drummond | 1975–1985 |
| Bruce Anderson | 1985–1990 |
| Derek Drummond | 1990–1996 |
| David Covo | 1996–2007 |
| Michael Jemtrud | 2007–2011 |
| Annmarie Adams | 2011–2015 |
| Martin Bressani | 2015–2021 |
| David Theodore | 2021–present |

## Buildings and resources

### Macdonald-Harrington Building

The Macdonald-Harrington Building is the home of the Peter Guo-hua School of Architecture, and also contains the School of Urban Planning on the fourth level. As architecture students progress through the years of the undergraduate program, they move through the design studios as well, with each year's respective studio located on a different level of the Macdonald-Harrington Building. The Master's studios are located on the top level, while the PhD studios are located on the same level as the first-year undergraduate studios and the school's administration. The ground level, which can be accessed from the Frank Dawson Adams (FDA) building, contains the lecture hall known as "G-10", which hosts the school's lecture series. The ground floor also contains the Architecture Students' Association (ASA) Supply Store where students can purchase drafting kits, as well as the architecture student lounge, known as the "Cellar", which is accessible 24/7 to architecture students. The first floor, above the ground level, contains the second-year undergraduate studio as well as three "crit rooms", where project critiques are given, and the largest among them the "exhibition room" due to its common hosting of exhibitions of students' and outside guests' work. The third-year undergraduate studios are located on the third floor of Macdonald-Harrington.

#### Workshop

The multi-level workshop is located in the basement and ground floor of the Macdonald-Harrington building, and provides students with their model-making needs. The workshop contains various equipment and power tools for working with wood, plaster, glass, acrylics and metal, and also contains other facilities, including a fumehood for sandblasting, spray painting, casting and mould-making. Workshop facilities include a Laser Cutting Room with three Universal Laser Cutter machines that students can use free-of-charge to cut and engrave acrylic, MDF, wood, styrene and other sheet materials. The workshop also includes 3D-printing machines, two of which are located inside the third-year studios on the third floor.

McGill University as a whole has a 3D-printing hub called "the Cube" which offers 3D-printing services to McGill students.

#### Media Centre

The Media Centre is located in the Macdonald-Harrington building and is available exclusively to architecture students, faculty and staff at McGill. The Centre includes a traditional dark room for developing film photographs, a photography studio/light room for students to photograph their work as well as a printing room with multiple large format printers and scanners. The Media Centre also lends out digital cameras, lenses, tripods and light tents to students.

#### FARMM

The Facility for Architectural Research in Media and Mediation (FARMM) is the research hub of the McGill School of Architecture, located on the first floor of the Macdonald-Harrington Building. Founded in 2008 with funding from the Canada Foundation for Innovation, FARMM connects students and researchers with colleagues internationally, and provides modern infrastructure for simulation, imaging, and fabrication.

### Libraries and collections

#### John Bland Canadian Architecture Collection

The Canadian Architecture Collection (CAC) is one of the McGill Libraries' Special Collections. It is located on the fourth floor of the Redpath Library building. Students and professors at the Schools of Architecture and Urban Planning are required to document their work and entrust it with the Canadian Architecture Collection for safe-keeping, and several Canadian architects also bequeath their archives to the collection.

As of 2020, the Collection consisted of over 200,000 drawings, photographs, slides, models and maps as well as 400 metres of papers of nineteenth- and twentieth-century architects in Canada. The largest fond of major Canadian architects is that of Moshe Safdie, who donated his archives to the collection with an ongoing bequest since 1990. The CAC also includes at least 770 papers from the course "History of Architecture in Canada".

#### Architecture Slide Library

The Architecture Slide Library contains more than 40,000 images, of which nineteenth- and twentieth-century images are the most heavily used. They are stored in Room 310 of the Macdonald-Harrington building, while slides from earlier periods are stored in the Media Centre.

#### Orson Wheeler Architectural Model Collection

The Orson Wheeler Architectural Model Collection contains over two hundred scale architectural models of structures from around the world. The models were created out of Roma Plastilina between 1940 and 1990 by Orson Wheeler, a sculptor and former professor at McGill's School of Architecture.

A small collection of 40 works are on display in the front vestibule of the Macdonald-Harrington building.

#### Blackader-Lauterman Library of Architecture and Art

The Blackader-Lauterman Library of Architecture and Art is the university's parent library for the Schools of Architecture and Urban Planning, and is located on the upper floor of the Humanities and Social Sciences Library.

The library was established through a donation from the family of Gordon H. Blackader, one of the first students to study at the School of Architecture who died during World War I. The library was renamed the Blackader-Lauterman Library of Architecture and Art during the 1940s after the family of sculptor Dinah Lauterman made a donation to the university in her memory.

The library contains over 79,000 monographs and journal subscriptions, and has a substantial collection of over 3000 rare books from 1511 to 2009 housed in the Rare Books and Special Collections Library at McGill. This includes a collection of original works by Vitruvius, Palladio, and G. B. Piranesi, among others.

### Partnerships

#### Canadian Centre for Architecture

The School of Architecture maintains ties with the Canadian Centre for Architecture (CCA), which houses one of the largest architectural design collections in the world, a 20-minute walk away from the downtown campus. The CCA collaborates regularly with the school, and together organized the 2019 CCA Interuniversity Charrette which took place over a week in November and involved more than 10 universities in Canada.

## Organization and administration

The School of Architecture reports to the Dean of the Faculty of Engineering at McGill. Due to its small size, the school is attached to the Faculty of Engineering for administrative purposes, but stands apart from the engineering departments and is headed by a director rather than a chairman. As of 2020, the school's faculty consists of 44 academic staff and seven administrative and technical staff. The current director is Professor Martin Bressani. As of 2018, student to faculty ratios fall between 12:1 and 15:1 for design studios, as established by the Canadian Architectural Certification Board (CACB). Students are often employed as part-time assistants to allow for greater access to facilities within the school.

The school has been the recipient of several endowments, including over 50 scholarships and awards, over a dozen fellowships, several lecture series and a $1 million donation from Gluskin Sheff + Associates in 2005, subsequently matched by the school in 2008 to fund the annual Gerald Sheff Visiting Professorship in Architecture. On September 26, 2017, the school was the recipient of a $12 million gift from Chinese architect and McGill graduate Peter Guo-hua Fu, which resulted in the renaming of the school. According to the CACB, approximately $500,000 of this donation is being employed annually outside of the school's base operating budget.

## Academics

The School of Architecture offers a professional program in Architecture comprising a Bachelor of Science in architecture (BSc\[Arch\]) and professional Master of Architecture (MArch) degree, as well as post-professional graduate programs leading to a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) and post-professional Master of Architecture (MArch) degree.

### Professional programs

* **BSc(Arch)** – 3 years, 100 credits
* **MArch (Professional)**:
    + Design Studio – 1.5 years, 45 credits, or
    + Design Studio (Directed Research) – 2 years, 60 credits

In Canada, the MArch (Professional) degree is accredited by the Canadian Architectural Certification Board (CACB), and is recognized in the United States by the National Council of Architectural Registration Boards (NCARB).

### Post-professional research programs

* **MArch (Non-Thesis)**:
    + Architectural History and Theory – 45 credits
    + Urban Design and Housing – 45 credits
* **PhD**

### Admissions

The McGill School of Architecture has the smallest undergraduate entering class of any architecture school in Canada, as well as one of the smallest professional Master of Architecture programs. With a maximum capacity of 48 undergraduate students in the first year undergraduate studio (BSc\[Arch\]) and 35 students in both of the Master's (MArch 1 and MArch II) studios, the school has one of the most selective and competitive sets of program offerings in the country with one of the lowest overall application-to-acceptance ratios.

Generally, about 5–10 students from outside Quebec who plan to study architecture for their undergraduate degree will spend their first year at McGill in "U0", taking the necessary engineering prerequisites required for the 3-year BSc (Architecture) program at the School of Architecture. Students coming from Quebec CEGEPs enter directly into the BSc (Architecture) program, or first-year undergraduate (U1), but are required to have received a DEC in either pure and applied science or health sciences, as these degrees fulfill the engineering prerequisites for the Architecture program.

Offers of acceptance into the program are based on a unique review process including an evaluation of a portfolio of works and extracurricular involvement, in addition to grades. In the 2010–2011 academic year, there were 687 applications with portfolios to the undergraduate BSc Architecture program with only 51 spaces, giving an overall applications to enrolments ratio of 7.42%. As of 2018, the number of spaces has been reduced to 48. With the exception of the new Bioengineering degree at McGill, for Quebec CEGEP students, admissions to the School of Architecture represent the highest average R score of students accepted into the Faculty of Engineering however in contrast to the high average R score, the lowest score admitted can sometimes be closer to the engineering average due to the importance of the portfolio in the admissions process.

Each year, the Master's program receives over 200 applicants, of which approximately 35 are admitted. Generally, about half of these students obtain their undergraduate degree from McGill, either from the BSc (Arch) program or another at the university.

The School of Architecture has one of the highest percentages of women representation at McGill, with an overall ratio of female-to-male students of approximately 2:1. As of fall 2019, there were 119 female and 44 male undergraduate students, and 54 female and 36 male graduate students enrolled at the school.

## Student life

### Student associations

#### Architecture Students' Association (ASA)

The Architecture Students' Association (ASA) is a society within the School of Architecture that is not-for-profit and student-run. The society represents all undergraduate students in the School of Architecture, organizes student activities and affairs and speaks for students regarding issues at McGill. The ASA is chaired by the President and run by a council of six vice-president portfolios: Academic, Internal, External, Administration, Finance and Student Life. A student representative from each undergraduate year is also elected to sit on the council.

Part of the ASA's mandate is to maintain the ASA Supply Store where students can purchase drafting kits as well as the architecture lounge, also known as the "Cellar". Since 2011, the ASA has been part of the Engineering Undergraduate Society (EUS) at McGill, and is also a member of the Canadian Architecture Students' Association (CASA).

#### Graduate Architecture Students' Association (GASA)

The McGill Graduate Architecture Students' Association (GASA) is a student-run society representing all graduate students at the School of Architecture. GASA is known to hold "Late Night" events on Thursdays, popular among students from all programs in the school.

#### American Institute of Architecture Students (AIAS)

As of 2019, the School of Architecture has established a chapter of the American Institute of Architecture Students, an international, non-profit, student-run organization dedicated to providing progressive programs, information and resources on critical issues to architecture students.

### Exchange and Study Abroad

The Peter Guo-hua Fu School of Architecture has close ties to several architecture schools across the world and has formal bilateral exchange agreements on a departmental level with seven schools in particular, including The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen, Politecnico di Milano in Milan, Tongji University in Shanghai, École Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de Paris-Belleville, École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble, Université catholique de Louvain in Brussels and TU Wien in Vienna. These bilateral agreements make it easy for undergraduate architecture students at McGill to go on exchange.

Students can also spend an exchange semester abroad at any of McGill University's 160+ partner institutions as long as they offer architecture exchanges, however these are more difficult to coordinate due to the competitive nature of university-wide exchanges.

## Lecture series

Each year, the School of Architecture presents public lectures, exhibitions and symposia showcasing leading architects and important figures in the field. These lectures are organized by various individuals and organizations affiliated with the school. Lecture Series include lunchtime "Brown Bag" lectures organized by the McGill Architecture Students' Association, evening lectures sponsored by local Montreal firms such as Provencher Roy & NEUF Architect(e)s, and most notably, the annual David J. Azrieli Lecture in Architecture which has brought in starchitects from all over the world since 2003, including seven Pritzker Prize laureates.

### Notable lecturers

## Notable alumni and faculty

### Alumni

### Current and former faculty

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## InfoBox

McGill School of Architecture
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Other names | Peter Guo-hua Fu School of Architecture |
| Type | Architecture school |
| Established | 1896 (1896) |
| Founder | William Christopher Macdonald |
| Parent institution | McGill University<br>Faculty of Engineering |
| Director | Martin Bressani |
| Academic staff | 44 |
| Administrative staff | 7 |
| Students | 273 (Fall 2019) |
| Undergraduates | 163 (Fall 2019) |
| Postgraduates | 90 (Fall 2019) |
| Doctoral students | 20 |
| Address | Macdonald-Harrington Building, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2K6, Canada<br>45°30′19″N 73°34′33″W / 45.5053°N 73.5758°W / 45.5053; -73.5758 |
| Campus | Urban |
| Language | English |
| Accreditation |  |
| Website | mcgill.ca/architecture/ |
|  | |


title: Nayoroiwa Shizuo

abstract: Nayoroiwa Shizuo was a Japanese sumo wrestler from Nayoro, Hokkaidō, Japan.

text:
# Nayoroiwa Shizuo

**Nayoroiwa Shizuo** (名寄岩静男, September 27, 1914 – January 26, 1971) was a Japanese sumo wrestler from Nayoro, Hokkaidō, Japan.

## Career

He joined Tatsunami stable and made his professional debut in May 1932. Along with his stablemates Futabayama and Haguroyama, he supported Tatsunami stable. In January 1937, he was promoted to the top *makuuchi* division. In January 1938, he defeated *yokozuna* Musashiyama, gaining his first *kinboshi* or gold star. He was promoted to *ōzeki* in January 1943, but was demoted to *sekiwake* in May 1944. He was promoted to *ōzeki* again in November 1946, but he lost all eleven bouts in the November 1947 tournament. He was demoted again in the May 1948 tournament. Of his six tournaments at *ozeki* rank he only achieved a *kachi-koshi* or winning record in two of them, and his overall record as an *ozeki* was 26 wins against 31 losses, with 22 absences.

In the May 1950 tournament, he won his first Fighting Spirit Award. In the September 1952 tournament, he defeated *yokozuna* Chiyonoyama, gaining a *kinboshi* and winning his second Fighting Spirit Award. In January 1953 he returned to *sekiwake*, and he remains the oldest man in the post-war era to be promoted to a *san'yaku* rank. During the Autumn 1954 tournament which held from September 19 to October 3, he reached his fortieth birthday, and after the tournament he retired from an active wrestler after 22 years in sumo.

After his retirement, he re-established the Kasugayama stable, which he ran until his death in 1971. Among his *rikishi* was the former *maegashira* Onobori.

## Career record

* *Through most of the 1930s and 1940s only two tournaments were held a year, and in 1946 only one was held. The New year tournament began and the Spring tournament returned to Osaka in 1953.*

Nayoroiwa Shizuo
| - | Spring
Haru basho, Tokyo | Summer
Natsu basho, Tokyo | Autumn
Aki basho, Tokyo |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1933 | East Jonokuchi #14
51
 | West Jonidan #16
33
 | **Not held** |
| 1934 | West Jonidan #12
24
 | West Jonidan #18
51
 | **Not held** |
| 1935 | West Sandanme #17
60
Champion
 | West Makushita #13
65
 | **Not held** |
| 1936 | East Makushita #7
92
Champion
 | East Jūryō #6
92
 | **Not held** |
| 1937 | West Maegashira #14
65
 | East Maegashira #10
85
 | **Not held** |
| 1938 | West Maegashira #2
85
 | West Sekiwake #1
94
 | **Not held** |
| 1939 | East Sekiwake #1
76
 | West Sekiwake #1
105
 | **Not held** |
| 1940 | East Sekiwake #1
96
 | East Sekiwake #1
78
 | **Not held** |
| 1941 | West Komusubi #1
114
 | West Sekiwake #2
105
 | **Not held** |
| 1942 | East Sekiwake #2
105
 | East Sekiwake #2
114
 | **Not held** |
| 1943 | West Ōzeki #2
96
 | East Ōzeki #2
78
 | **Not held** |
| 1944 | West Ōzeki #2
1212
 | East Sekiwake #2
73
 | East Sekiwake #1
73
 |
| 1945 | **Not held** | West Sekiwake #1
34
 | West Sekiwake #1
64
 |
| 1946 | **Not held** | **Not held** | West Ōzeki #2
94
 |
| 1947 | **Not held** | East Ōzeki #2
0010
 | East Ōzeki #2
011
 |
| 1948 | **Not held** | East Sekiwake #2
0011
 | East Maegashira #5
47
 |
| 1949 | West Maegashira #8
58
 | East Maegashira #10
510
 | East Maegashira #13
87
 |
| 1950 | West Maegashira #9
312
 | West Maegashira #14
96
F | West Maegashira #9
114
 |
| 1951 | West Maegashira #2
78
 | East Maegashira #4
69
 | East Maegashira #5
87
 |
| 1952 | East Maegashira #2
78
 | West Maegashira #3
78
 | West Maegashira #3
96
F |
| Record given as **wins–losses–absences**    Top division champion Top division runner-up Retired Lower divisions Non-participation

Sanshō key: **F**=Fighting spirit; **O**=Outstanding performance; **T**=Technique     Also shown: =Kinboshi; **P**=Playoff(s)
Divisions: Makuuchi  Jūryō  Makushita  Sandanme  Jonidan  Jonokuchi

*Makuuchi* ranks: Yokozuna  Ōzeki  Sekiwake  Komusubi  Maegashira | | | | | | |

| - | New Year
Hatsu basho, Tokyo | Spring
Haru basho, Osaka | Summer
Natsu basho, Tokyo | Autumn
Aki basho, Tokyo |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1953 | West Sekiwake #1
105
 | West Sekiwake #1
411
 | West Maegashira #3
78
 | West Maegashira #3
411
 |
| 1954 | East Maegashira #7
312
 | West Maegashira #14
96
 | West Maegashira #8
78
 | East Maegashira #9
**Retired**
411 |
| Record given as **wins–losses–absences**    Top division champion Top division runner-up Retired Lower divisions Non-participation

Sanshō key: **F**=Fighting spirit; **O**=Outstanding performance; **T**=Technique     Also shown: =Kinboshi; **P**=Playoff(s)
Divisions: Makuuchi  Jūryō  Makushita  Sandanme  Jonidan  Jonokuchi

*Makuuchi* ranks: Yokozuna  Ōzeki  Sekiwake  Komusubi  Maegashira | | | | | | |

1. "Noyoroiwa Shizuo Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 2013-06-10.

## InfoBox

| Nayoroiwa Shizuo | |
| --- | --- |
| 名寄岩 静男 | |
|  | |
| Personal information | |
| Born | Shizuo Iwakabe
(1914-09-27)September 27, 1914
Nayoro, Hokkaidō, Japan |
| Died | January 26, 1971(1971-01-26) (aged 56) |
| Height | 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) |
| Weight | 128 kg (282 lb) |
| Career | |
| Stable | Tatsunami |
| Record | 337-297-33 |
| Debut | May, 1932 |
| Highest rank | Ōzeki (January, 1943) |
| Retired | October, 1954 |
| Elder name | Kasugayama |
| Championships | 1 (Makushita)
1 (Sandanme) |
| Special Prizes | Fighting Spirit (2) |
| Gold Stars | 2
Musashiyama
Chiyonoyama |
| * Up to date as of June 2020. | |


title: Pojken med guldbyxorna

abstract:
Pojken med guldbyxorna is a 1975 Swedish TV series, based on a 1967 novel of the same name by Max Lundgren, that became very popular in Sweden and has since been shown numerous times on Swedish television. The version now broadcast on TV4 Guld consists of 30-minute episodes of the series. The plot revolves around a boy who discovers that he is able to pull an infinite number of banknotes from the pockets of his jeans. According to the Swedish Film Database, the plot goes as follows:
We follow the boy Mats and his adventures with his father after Mats one day finds a pair of trousers in the attic that bring them unimaginable riches. Mats just needs to slip his hand into his pocket and then he can pull out small denomination bills for as long as he is able to keep going. Initially, they both satisfy only their own personal desires with the money, but gradually Mats' intellect and idealism gains the upper hand and the two together start the firm Nilsson International to utilize the money for good. The biggest problem in the beginning is how to be able to exchange all their small bills into larger denominations without drawing attention. Gradually, it becomes clear that the money is mysteriously connected to money that disappears from bank vaults and cash transports. Soon, newspapers and radio news feature stories about the authorities' efforts to reveal the "man without fingerprints." Mats and his father, Torkel, then establish the "Fund for Orphaned Children" and fly to a developing country in Africa to donate large amounts of money there. However, the recipients do not always react the way the two had intended. Mats and his father are hunted and eventually tracked down by financiers who want to stop the uncontrolled outflow of money. After an alcohol-fuelled evening, the father lets the truth slip to a German journalist, and Mats is finally caught by three hired villains who force him to give up his golden trousers, who then burn them. There the story ends for now, with the desperate Mats shouting that they can expect that there will be more boys with golden trousers.

text:
# Pojken med guldbyxorna

***Pojken med guldbyxorna*** (*"The Boy with the Golden Trousers"*) is a 1975 Swedish TV series, based on a 1967 novel of the same name by Max Lundgren, that became very popular in Sweden and has since been shown numerous times on Swedish television. The version now broadcast on TV4 Guld consists of 30-minute episodes of the series.

The plot revolves around a boy who discovers that he is able to pull an infinite number of banknotes from the pockets of his jeans.

According to the Swedish Film Database, the plot goes as follows: We follow the boy Mats and his adventures with his father after Mats one day finds a pair of trousers in the attic that bring them unimaginable riches. Mats just needs to slip his hand into his pocket and then he can pull out small denomination bills for as long as he is able to keep going.

Initially, they both satisfy only their own personal desires with the money, but gradually Mats' intellect and idealism gains the upper hand and the two together start the firm *Nilsson International* to utilize the money for good. The biggest problem in the beginning is how to be able to exchange all their small bills into larger denominations without drawing attention. Gradually, it becomes clear that the money is mysteriously connected to money that disappears from bank vaults and cash transports. Soon, newspapers and radio news feature stories about the authorities' efforts to reveal the "man without fingerprints."

Mats and his father, Torkel, then establish the "Fund for Orphaned Children" and fly to a developing country in Africa to donate large amounts of money there. However, the recipients do not always react the way the two had intended.

Mats and his father are hunted and eventually tracked down by financiers who want to stop the uncontrolled outflow of money. After an alcohol-fuelled evening, the father lets the truth slip to a German journalist, and Mats is finally caught by three hired villains who force him to give up his golden trousers, who then burn them. There the story ends for now, with the desperate Mats shouting that they can expect that there will be more boys with golden trousers.

## InfoBox

| *Pojken med guldbyxorna* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | children |
| Country of origin | Sweden |
| Original language | Swedish |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 6 |
| Original release | |
| Network | SVT |
| Release | 9 November 1975 (1975-11-09) |


title: Oskar Dinort

abstract: Oskar Dinort was a German general and ground attack aircraft pilot during World War II.

text:
# Oskar Dinort

**Oskar Dinort** (23 June 1901 – 27 May 1965) was a German general and ground attack aircraft pilot during World War II.

## Early life and career

Oskar Dinort was born in Berlin-Charlottenburg. He volunteered for military service in 1919 and joined the *Freikorps der Gardekavallerie-Schützendivision*, becoming a *Fähnrich* in *Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 2* in 1921. He was promoted to *Leutnant* in 1923. He was an enthusiastic glider pilot. Soon after he was promoted to *Oberleutnant* in 1928, he set a 14 hours and 43 minutes Gliding World Record. He won the *Deutschlandflug* in 1931. He had participated in the second FAI International Tourist Plane Contest Challenge 1930, finishing in 10th place.

Dinort was transferred to the still secret Luftwaffe in 1934 where he was posted to the "*Reklamestaffel Mitteldeutschland*" (Advertisement *Staffel*). His next posting was as a *Hauptmann* (captain) in the *Stab* of I./Jagdgeschwader 132 (JG 132—132nd Fighter Wing) until he was called into the *Reichsluftfahrtministerium* (Ministry of Aviation) by Ernst Udet on 31 March 1935.

On 4 January 1936, Dinort was tasked with creation of III. *Gruppe* of *Jagdgeschwader* 134 (JG 134—134th Fighter Wing) and appointed as its *Gruppenkommandeur* (group commander). Initially, the unit was based at Döberitz and equipped with the Heinkel He 51 biplane.

## World War II

After commanding I./Sturzkampfgeschwader 2 "Immelmann" (StG 2) in Poland, Major Dinort served as *Geschwaderkommodore* (wing commander) of StG 2 from October 1939 to October 1941. On 4 July 1940, in between the official dated given for the Battle of France and Battle of Britain, he led a highly successful attack on Convoy OA 178. He received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves in July 1941.

During operations over Greece and Crete in April–May 1941 crews of StG 2 believed the blast effect of their bombs used against troops in Greece was greatly reduced because the bombs penetrated the ground before exploding. The solution was to fit 60 cm metal rods welded to the front of the bombs, with an 8 cm metal disc on the end of the rod. The rods themselves received the nickname *Dinort-stäbe*, or *Dinort's rods* — similar in concept to the daisy cutter device of American invention) after the originator of the idea, Oskar Dinort, which caused the bombs to detonate some 30 cm above the ground, maximising their blast.

On 15 October 1941 Dinort left StG. 2, taking up a staff position. In 1944 he was appointed to command *3. Fliegerschuldivision* and in late 1944 promoted to Generalmajor. Held by the British after the war ended, Dinort remained in captivity until 1947. He eventually settled in Dortmund after his release. He later worked in aviation research in Chile.

Dinort died in Cologne, West Germany, on 27 May 1965.

## Awards

### Citations

1. Prien et al. 2000, p. 366.
2. Thomas 1997, p. 122.
3. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 161.
4. Scherzer 2007, p. 274.
5. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 54.

### Bibliography

* de Zeng, H.L.; Stankey, D.G.; Creek, E.J. (2009). *Dive-Bomber and Ground-Attack Units of the Luftwaffe, 1933–1945: A Reference Source, Vol. 1*. Ian Allan Publishing. ISBN 978-1-9065-3708-1.
* Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer \[in German\] (2000) \[1986\]. *Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile* \[*The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches*\] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
* Obermaier, Ernst (1976). *Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe 1939–1945 Band II Stuka- und Schlachtflieger* \[*The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe 1939–1945 Volume II Dive Bomber and Attack Aircraft*\] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-021-3.
* Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2000). *Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 1—Vorkriegszeit und Einsatz über Polen—1934 bis 1939* \[*The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 1—Pre-War Period and Action over Poland—1934 to 1939*\] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-54-0.
* Rohwer, Jürgen (2005). *Chronology of the War at Sea, 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two*. Annapolis: US Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-119-2.
* Scherzer, Veit (2007). *Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives* \[*The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives*\] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
* Schumann, Ralf (2007). *Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 des LG 1* \[*The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 of LG 1*\] (in German). Zweibrücken, Germany: VDM Heinz Nickel. ISBN 978-3-86619-013-9.
* Thomas, Franz (1997). *Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 1: A–K* \[*The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 1: A–K*\] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7648-2299-6.

## InfoBox

| Oskar Dinort | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1901-06-23)23 June 1901
Berlin-Charlottenburg |
| Died | 27 May 1965(1965-05-27) (aged 63)
Cologne |
| Allegiance | Weimar Republic
Nazi Germany |
| Service/branch | Reichsheer (Reichswehr)
Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht) |
| Years of service | 1919–45 |
| Rank | Generalmajor |
| Commands | StG 2 |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
| Awards | Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves |


title: Mahela

abstract: Mahela is a rural municipality located in the Atsinanana region of eastern Madagascar, It is located in the Antanambao Manampotsy (district).

text:
# Mahela

**Mahela** is a rural municipality located in the Atsinanana region of eastern Madagascar, It is located in the Antanambao Manampotsy (district).

## InfoBox

| Mahela | |
| --- | --- |
| MahelaLocation in Madagascar | |
| Coordinates: 19°29′0″S 48°29′00″E / 19.48333°S 48.48333°E / -19.48333; 48.48333 | |
| Country | Madagascar |
| Region | Atsinanana |
| District | Antanambao-Manampotsy (district) |
| Population (2019)Census | |
| Total | 8,815 |
| Time zone | UTC3 (EAT) |
| postal code | 507 |


title: Zieleniew, Łęczyca County

abstract: Zieleniew is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Daszyna, within Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) west of Daszyna, 15 km (9 mi) north-west of Łęczyca, and 50 km (31 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

text:
# Zieleniew, Łęczyca County

**Zieleniew** \[ʑɛˈlɛɲɛf\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Daszyna, within Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) west of Daszyna, 15 km (9 mi) north-west of Łęczyca, and 50 km (31 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

## InfoBox

| Zieleniew | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Zieleniew | |
| Coordinates: 52°10′5″N 19°6′24″E / 52.16806°N 19.10667°E / 52.16806; 19.10667 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Łódź |
| County | Łęczyca |
| Gmina | Daszyna |
| Population | 120 |


title: Navi, Estonia

abstract: Navi is a village in Võru Parish, Võru County in southeastern Estonia. It is located just northwest of the town Võru, north of the Tallinn–Tartu–Võru–Luhamaa road (E263). Navi has a population of 263.

text:
# Navi, Estonia

**Navi** is a village in Võru Parish, Võru County in southeastern Estonia. It is located just northwest of the town Võru, north of the TallinnTartuVõruLuhamaa road (E263). Navi has a population of 263.

## Notable people

* Enn Kasak (born 1954), philosopher of science; was born in Navi
* Navitrolla (Heiki Trolla; born 1970), painter; spent his childhood in Navi
* Ivari Padar (born 1965), politician; was born in Navi

## InfoBox

| Navi | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| NaviLocation in Estonia | |
| Coordinates: 57°52′28″N 26°57′08″E / 57.87444°N 26.95222°E / 57.87444; 26.95222 | |
| Country | Estonia |
| County | Võru County |
| Municipality | Võru Parish |
| Population | |
| Total | 263 |


title: Navghan Kuvo

abstract: Navghan Kuvo is a stepwell in Uparkot Fort, Junagadh, Gujarat, India.

text:
# Navghan Kuvo

**Navghan Kuvo** is a stepwell in Uparkot Fort, Junagadh, Gujarat, India.

## History

Navghan Kuvo is named after the Chudasama king Ra Navaghana. The forecourt to reach the well was probably built during his reign in 11th century. It is believed to have been completed by his son Khengara.

The well is considered older than the forecourt. It is an oldest example of the stepwell according to some scholars. It is near the Uparkot Caves. The well might have been built in Kshatrapa period (2nd-4th century) or in Maitraka period (6th-7th century).

It is a state protected monument (S-GJ-116).

## Architecture

A small staircase entered through an arched doorway leads to the forecourt. The well is located at the far end of the forecourt. The water in the well is reached by a circular staircase which is cut in the soft rock behind thin stone wall of the shaft of well. The flight of the steps, first straight and then transverse, turns right around the shaft. The array of square holes in the stone wall of the shaft illuminate and cool the inside.

## InfoBox

| Navghan Kuvo | |
| --- | --- |
| Flight of steps leading to forecourt of the stepwell | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Type | Stepwell |
| Architectural style | Indian architecture |
| Location | Uparkot Fort |
| Town or city | Junagadh |
| Country | India |
| Coordinates | 21°31′26″N 70°28′09″E / 21.5238°N 70.4692°E / 21.5238; 70.4692 |
| Construction started | 2nd-7th century |
| Completed | 11th-12th century |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Local |
| Designations | ASI State Protected Monument No. S-GJ-116 |


title: Zinder Region

abstract: Zinder Region is one of the seven regions of Niger; the capital of the region is Zinder. The region covers 145,430 km². It is the most populous province of Niger.

text:
# Zinder Region

**Zinder Region** is one of the seven regions of Niger; the capital of the region is Zinder. The region covers 145,430 km². It is the most populous province of Niger.

## History

Numerous Palaeolithic and Neolithic remains, as well as cave paintings, have been found in the Termit Massif.

Zinder was the centre of the Sultanate of Damagaram, a powerful sultanate which dominated much of the surrounding region from the mid-18th century until the French conquest in the 1890s. Zinder was initially the capital of the Niger territory, however this was moved to Niamey in 1926 and thereafter Zinder declined in importance, though it remains an important regional centre.

## Geography

Zinder Region is located in the southeast of Niger and covers 145,430 km². It borders Agadez Region to the north, Diffa Region to the east, Nigeria to the south (specifically, the states of Yobe, Jigawa and Katsina), and Maradi Region to the west. The landscape is primarily Sahelian in the south, merging into the Sahara desert in the north of the region. The terrain is predominantly flat, except for the Koutous Hills, which lie north of Kelle, and the Termit Massif in the far north of the region.

### Settlements

Zinder is the regional capital; other major settlements include Alakoss, Albarkaram, Bande, Boune, Dakoussa, Dan-Barto, Dantchiao, Daouche, Dogo-Dogo, Falenko, Gaffati, Gamou, Garagoumsa, Gouchi, Gouna, Goure, Guidiguir, Hamdara, Ichirnawa, Kantche, Kelle, Kolleram, Kourni, Kwaya, Magaria, Malawa, Matameye, Mirriah, Moa, Ollelewa, Sassoumbroum, Tanout, Tenhya, Tesker, Tsaouni, Yaouri and Yekoua.

### Administrative subdivisions

Zinder was divided into 5 Departments:

Of the 27 administrative stations (postes administratifs) of Niger which were set out in a law dated 1 August 2011 to become departments and for which the appointment of prefects on 29 February 2012 completed the conversion, the following 5 are in Zinder region.

So, Zinder now has 10 departments and the city of Zinder.

## Demographics

As of 2012 the population of the Region was 3,539,764. The main ethnolinguistic groups are various Arab groups, Fulani, Hausa, Kanuri, Dazaga Toubou and Tuareg groups such as the Tayart Tamajeq. The Tagdal language, thought to be a mixed Songhay-Tuareg language, is also spoken.

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1977 | 1,002,222 |  |
| 1985 | 1,411,061 | +40.8% |
| 2001 | 2,080,250 | +47.4% |
| 2012 | 3,539,764 | +70.2% |
| source: | | |

## Economy

The region was the poorest in Niger and had the highest incidence of extreme poverty (60% of the population) according to World Bank data from 2018. The region was also hit hard by the 2005–2006 Niger food crisis.

## Governors

Zinder travel guide from Wikivoyage

## InfoBox

| Zinder | |
| --- | --- |
| Region | |
| Location within Niger | |
| Coordinates: 13°42′N 9°12′E / 13.700°N 9.200°E / 13.700; 9.200 | |
| Country | Niger |
| Capital | Zinder |
| Government | |
| Governor | Issa Moussa |
| Area | |
| Total | 145,430 km2 (56,150 sq mi) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 4,873,900 |
| Density | 34/km2 (87/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (West Africa Time) |
| HDI (2021) | 0.363
low · 6th of 7 |


title: Ne-kah-wah-she-tun-kah

abstract: Ne-kah-wah-she-tun-kah was an Osage chief who served as the principal chief of the Osage Nation from 1922 until his death on August 3, 1923. He also served as principal chief in 1908 and several terms on the tribal council. His grave is on the National Register of Historic Places for Osage County, Oklahoma. After his death he was succeeded by Paul Red Eagle.

text:
# Ne-kah-wah-she-tun-kah

**Ne-kah-wah-she-tun-kah** was an Osage chief who served as the principal chief of the Osage Nation from 1922 until his death on August 3, 1923. He also served as principal chief in 1908 and several terms on the tribal council. His grave is on the National Register of Historic Places for Osage County, Oklahoma. After his death he was succeeded by Paul Red Eagle.

## InfoBox

| Ne-kah-wah-she-tun-kah | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 9th Principal chief of the Osage Nation | |
| **In office**
1922  August 3, 1923 | |
| Preceded by | Arthur Bonnicastle |
| Succeeded by | Paul Red Eagle |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | ca. 1839
Osage Nation, Indian Territory (now Osage County, Oklahoma) |
| Died | August 3, 1923 (age 83–84)
Osage County, Oklahoma |
| Citizenship | Osage Nation |
|  | |


title: Navy Times

abstract: Navy Times is an American newspaper published 26 times per year serving active, reserve and retired United States Navy personnel and their families, providing news, information, analysis, community lifestyle features, educational supplements, and resource guides. Navy Times also reports on the United States Coast Guard. Navy Times is published by Sightline Media Group, a portfolio company of private equity firm Regent.

text:
# Navy Times

***Navy Times*** (ISSN 0028-1697) is an American newspaper published 26 times per year serving active, reserve and retired United States Navy personnel and their families, providing news, information, analysis, community lifestyle features, educational supplements, and resource guides. *Navy Times* also reports on the United States Coast Guard. *Navy Times* is published by Sightline Media Group, a portfolio company of private equity firm Regent.

## History

*Navy Times* was founded by Mel Ryder, owner of Army Times Publishing Company, in 1951.

Ryder began his newspaper career on the staff of *Stars and Stripes*, selling and delivering papers to the troops on the front lines during World War I. In 1921, he joined Willard Kiplinger in forming the Kiplinger Agency, a newsletter service. He sold his interest in the agency in 1933 and began publishing *Happy Days*, a paper for members of the Civilian Conservation Corps. His first order was for 400 copies and the first advertiser was GEICO. In 1940, Ryder started and incorporated the *Army Times* newspaper.

In 1997, Army Times Publishing Company was sold to Gannett, and later renamed Gannett Government Media. In June 2009, *Navy Times* started its "Scoop Deck" blog.

In 2015, the GGM group was spun off as part of TEGNA, Gannett's broadcast and digital-only business group. GGM was later renamed Sightline Media Group.

In 2016, TEGNA sold Sightline to Regent, a Los Angeles–based private equity firm.

## Awards

In 2002, then-Senior Staff Writer John Burlage, received the United States Navy's Superior Public Service Award for a journalism career that spanned 25 years as an enlisted Navy journalist and 18 more years working for *Navy Times*.

## Military Times Service Member of the Year

Each year Military Times honors an "Everyday Hero": "Someone with whom you are proud to serve. Someone whose dedication, professionalism and concern for fellow service members and community set a standard for all of us. There is a Marine of the year, Soldier of the year, Sailor of the year, Airman of the year and Coast Guardsman of the year. Each service member is nominated by their peers for Military Times selection." The winners are honored at a formal ceremony on Capitol Hill, in Washington, D.C.

## InfoBox

Navy Times
| *Navy Times* cover April 24, 2017 | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Newspaper |
| Format | Tabloid |
| Owner(s) | Sightline Media Group |
| Publisher | Michael Reinstein |
| Editor | Carl Prine |
| Founded | 1951 |
| Headquarters | 1919 Gallows Road, Suite 400, Tysons Corner, VA 22182, US |
| Circulation | 55,482 (June 2013) |
| ISSN | 0028-1697 |
| OCLC number | 03511129 |
| Website | navytimes.com |


title: Ádám Simon

abstract: Ádám Simon is a Hungarian former footballer. He is the twin brother of ex-Liverpool player, András Simon.

text:
# Ádám Simon

**Ádám Simon** (born 30 March 1990) is a Hungarian former footballer. He is the twin brother of ex-Liverpool player, András Simon.

## Career

### Szombathelyi Haladás

He played his first match in Szombathely on 15 November 2008. He played 44 matches in the Hungarian National Championship I and scored 3 goals, one of which was elected the most beautiful goal of the 2010–11 Nemzeti Bajnokság I season. He scored a goal from 30 meters.

### Palermo

On 8 June 2011, Simon officially moved to Palermo for €980,000. On 24 January 2012, he went on loan to Bari in Serie B, in the transfer that leads to Palermo Massimo Donati. In January 2012, Simon was transferred to Serie B club Bari on loan. Simon made his debut against Nocerina on 4 February 2012 in the 81st minute. In August 2012, he returned to Szombathelyi Haladás on loan. The loan was extended for one more season in July 2013.

On 15 July 2014, Palermo announced to have released Simon for free.

### Videoton

On 16 July 2014, Simon was signed by Hungarian League club Videoton FC. Simon signes a four-year contract with the Székesfehérvár-based club.

## International career

Simon was a stable member of U-17, U-19, and also the U-21 teams of Hungary. He was a member of the U-20 Hungary team which won a bronze medal in the FIFA U-20 World Cup in 2009 in Egypt. He participated in the 2011 Toulon Tournament with the U-21.

## Club statistics

| Club | Season | League | | Cup | | League Cup | | Europe | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| **Haladás** |
| | 2008–09 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 0 |  |  | 11 | 0 |
| | 2009–10 | 16 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 2 |
| | 2010–11 | 27 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 |  |  | 32 | 1 |
| | 2012–13 | 17 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |  |  | 19 | 1 |
| | 2013–14 | 26 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 0 |  |  | 35 | 0 |
| | 2017–18 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  | 7 | 0 |
| |
| Total | 95 | 4 | 8 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 123 | 4 |
| **Bari** |
| | 2011–12 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  | 2 | 0 |
| |
| Total | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| **Videoton** |
| | 2014–15 | 28 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 37 | 0 |
| | 2015–16 | 20 | 1 | 3 | 0 |  |  | 4 | 0 | 27 | 1 |
| | 2016–17 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 3 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| |
| Total | 49 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 68 | 1 |
| **Gyirmót** |
| | 2016–17 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  | 10 | 0 |
| |
| Total | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
| **Paks** |
| | 2017–18 | 23 | 2 | 2 | 0 |  |  |  |  | 25 | 2 |
| | 2018–19 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  | 4 | 0 |
| | 2019–20 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  | 9 | 0 |
| |
| Total | 36 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 38 | 2 |
|
| **Career Total** |  | **192** | **7** | **17** | **0** | **25** | **0** | **7** | **0** | **241** | **7** |

*Updated to games played as of 15 December 2019.*

## Honours

## InfoBox

Ádám Simon
|  | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Ádám Simon | | |
| Date of birth | (1990-03-30) 30 March 1990 | | |
| Place of birth | Salgótarján, Hungary | | |
| Height | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defensive midfielder | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 0000–2004 | Salgótarján | | |
| 2004–2006 | MTK | | |
| 2006–2008 | Haladás | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2008–2011 | Haladás | 44 | (3) |
| 2011–2014 | Palermo | 0 | (0) |
| 2012 | Bari (loan) | 2 | (0) |
| 2012–2014 | Haladás (loan) | 47 | (1) |
| 2014–2017 | Videoton | 49 | (1) |
| 2017 | Gyirmót (loan) | 10 | (0) |
| 2017 | Haladás | 7 | (0) |
| 2017–2020 | Paks | 36 | (2) |
| 2020 | Győr | 4 | (0) |
| 2020–2023 | Szeged-Csanád | 80 | (3) |
| International career | | | |
| 2006–2007 | Hungary U17 | 8 | (0) |
| 2008–2009 | Hungary U19 | 5 | (0) |
| 2009 | Hungary U20 | 6 | (0) |
| 2010–2012 | Hungary U21 | 13 | (0) |
| 2014–2015 | Hungary | 3 | (0) |
| Medal record      Representing  Hungary  Men's football  FIFA U-20 World Cup  2009 Egypt | | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Zébala

abstract: Zébala is a small town and rural commune in the Cercle of Koutiala in the Sikasso Region of southern Mali. The commune covers an area of 312 square kilometers and includes 8 settlements. In the 2009 census it had a population of 17,278. The town of Zébala, the administrative centre (chef-lieu) of the commune, is 35 km east-southeast of Koutiala.

text:
# Zébala

**Zébala** is a small town and rural commune in the Cercle of Koutiala in the Sikasso Region of southern Mali. The commune covers an area of 312 square kilometers and includes 8 settlements. In the 2009 census it had a population of 17,278. The town of Zébala, the administrative centre (*chef-lieu*) of the commune, is 35 km east-southeast of Koutiala.

## InfoBox

| Zébala | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune and town | |
| ZébalaLocation in Mali | |
| Coordinates: 12°18′36″N 5°9′25″W / 12.31000°N 5.15694°W / 12.31000; -5.15694 | |
| Country | Mali |
| Region | Sikasso Region |
| Cercle | Koutiala Cercle |
| Area | |
| Total | 312 km2 (120 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 371 m (1,217 ft) |
| Population (2009) | |
| Total | 17,278 |
| Density | 55/km2 (140/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT) |


title: Zégo

abstract: Zégo is a town in southern Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Divo Department in Lôh-Djiboua Region, Gôh-Djiboua District. Zégo was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished. In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Zégo was 24,994.

text:
# Zégo

**Zégo** is a town in southern Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Divo Department in Lôh-Djiboua Region, Gôh-Djiboua District.

Zégo was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Zégo was 24,994.

## Villages

The 8 villages of the sub-prefecture of Zégo and their population in 2014 are:

1. Apparagra (1 626)
2. Bokasso (2 294)
3. Daako (3 057)
4. Goudi (9 507)
5. Kaouadio Bahkro (4 625)
6. Kouassi Kouamékro (671)
7. Zégo (2 663)
8. Zégo Konankro (551)

## InfoBox

| Zégo | |
| --- | --- |
| Town and sub-prefecture | |
| ZégoLocation in Ivory Coast | |
| Coordinates: 6°9′N 5°9′W / 6.150°N 5.150°W / 6.150; -5.150 | |
| Country | Ivory Coast |
| District | Gôh-Djiboua |
| Region | Lôh-Djiboua |
| Department | Divo |
| Population (2014) | |
| Total | 24,994 |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT) |


title: Zédé-Dianhoun

abstract: Zédé-Dianhoun is a village in central Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Béoumi, Béoumi Department, Gbêkê Region, Vallée du Bandama District. Zédé-Dianhoun was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

text:
# Zédé-Dianhoun

**Zédé-Dianhoun** is a village in central Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Béoumi, Béoumi Department, Gbêkê Region, Vallée du Bandama District.

Zédé-Dianhoun was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

7°31′N 5°26′W / 7.517°N 5.433°W / 7.517; -5.433

## InfoBox

| Zédé-Dianhoun | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Zédé-DianhounLocation in Ivory Coast | |
| Coordinates: 7°31′N 5°26′W / 7.517°N 5.433°W / 7.517; -5.433 | |
| Country | Ivory Coast |
| District | Vallée du Bandama |
| Region | Gbêkê |
| Department | Béoumi |
| Sub-prefecture | Béoumi |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT) |


title: Zébulon (band)

abstract: Zébulon is a Canadian music group based in Montreal, Quebec. They released three albums and several singles between 1994 and 2008.

text:
# Zébulon (band)

**Zébulon** is a Canadian music group based in Montreal, Quebec. They released three albums and several singles between 1994 and 2008.

## History

Zébulon was formed in 1993 in Montreal by singer-bassist Marc Déry, guitarist Yves Déry, keyboardist Yves Marchand and drummer Alain Quirion. Marc and Yves are brothers.

The band released its first self-titled album in 1994. Their song "Job Steady" received radio play, and they also release singles "Les femmes préfèrent les Ginos" and "Adrénaline". In 1997, they won group of the year honours at Quebec's Felix Awards.

After 1997, the band became inactive, but the original members got back together to record an album, *Retour sur Mars*, in 2008. They then toured in support of the album.

## Band members

* Marc Déry (vocals, bass, guitar)
* Yves Déry (vocals, guitar)
* Yves Marchand (vocals, piano, organ, synthesiser)
* Alain Quirion (vocals, drums/percussion)

## Discography

* 1994: *Zébulon*
* 1996: *L'Oeil du Zig*
* 2008: *Retour sur Mars*


title: Naz (studio)

abstract: NAZ Co., Ltd. is a Japanese animation studio located in Musashino, Tokyo. It animated the first season of Hamatora, as well as adapting Nitro+chiral's visual novel Dramatical Murder into an anime series.

text:
# Naz (studio)

**NAZ Co., Ltd.** (Japanese: 株式会社NAZ, Hepburn: *Kabushiki-gaisha Nazu*) is a Japanese animation studio located in Musashino, Tokyo. It animated the first season of *Hamatora*, as well as adapting Nitro+chiral's visual novel *Dramatical Murder* into an anime series.

## Works

### Television series

| Title | Director(s) | First run start date | First run end date | Eps | Note(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Hamatora: The Animation* | Seiji Kishi
Hiroshi Kimura | January 8, 2014 | March 26, 2014 | 12 | A part of the *Hamatora* multimedia project. |
| *DRAMAtical Murder* | Kazuya Miura | July 6, 2014 | September 21, 2014 | 12 | Based on a BL visual novel by Nitro+chiral. |
| *My First Girlfriend Is a Gal* | Hiroyuki Furukawa | July 12, 2017 | September 13, 2017 | 10 | Adaptation of a manga series written by Meguru Ueno. |
| *Angolmois: Record of Mongol Invasion* | Takayuki Kuriyama | July 11, 2018 | September 26, 2018 | 12 | Adaptation of a manga series written by Nanahiko Takagi. |
| *My Sister, My Writer* | Hiroyuki Furukawa | October 10, 2018 | December 19, 2018 | 10 | Adaptation of a light novel series written by Seiji Ebisu.
Co-produced with Magia Doraglier. |
| *Id:Invaded* | Ei Aoki | January 5, 2020 | March 22, 2020 | 13 | Original work. |
| *Infinite Dendrogram* | Tomoki Kobayashi | January 9, 2020 | April 16, 2020 | 13 | Adaptation of a light novel series written by Sakon Kaidō. |
| *Gloomy the Naughty Grizzly* | Takehiro Kubota | April 12, 2021 | June 28, 2021 | 12 | Original work. |
| *Lucifer and the Biscuit Hammer* | Nobuaki Nakanishi | July 9, 2022 | December 24, 2022 | 24 | Adaptation of a manga series written by Satoshi Mizukami. |
| *Special Kid Factory* | Atsushi Ikariya | TBA | TBA | TBA | Original work. |

### ONAs

| Title | Director(s) | First run start date | First run end date | Eps | Note(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Id:Indeed* | Ei Aoki (chief)
Atsushi Ikariya | January 8, 2021 | March 26, 2021 | 12 | Comedic spin-off of *Id:Invaded* |
| *Thermae Romae Novae* | Tetsuya Tatamitani | March 28, 2022 | March 28, 2022 | 11 | Adaptation of a manga series written by Mari Yamazaki. |
| *Good Night World* | Katsuya Kikuchi | October 12, 2023 | October 12, 2023 | 12 | Adaptation of a manga series written by Uru Okabe. |
| *Garouden: The Way of the Lone Wolf* | Atsushi Ikariya | May 23, 2024 | May 23, 2024 | 8 | Adaptation of a novel series written by Baku Yumemakura. |

### OVAs

| Title | Director(s) | Released | Eps | Note(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *DRAMAtical Murder: Data\_xx\_Transitory* | Kazuya Miura | December 24, 2014 | 1 |  |
| *My First Girlfriend is a Gal: My First Cultural Fair* | Hiroyuki Furukawa | December 26, 2017 | 1 |  |
| *My Sister, My Writer: My Little Sister and I in a Virtual World* | Hiroyuki Furukawa | February 27, 2019 – March 27, 2019 | 2 |  |
|

### Other projects

| Title | Director(s) | Released | Note(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *It Girl* | Fantasista Utamaro | September 30, 2014 | Music video based on the song by Pharrell Williams. |
| *IDOLiSH7: MONSTER GENERATiON* |  | July 23, 2015 | Music video for the virtual idol group Idolish7. |
| *Match Shoujo* |  | February 10, 2016 | Commercial promoting the *Match Shoujo* manga series by Sanami Suzuki. |
| *TRIGGER: Leopard Eyes* |  | December 16, 2015 | Music video for the virtual idol group Trigger based on the Idolish7 mixed-media project. |
| *Blood Lad: Kanketsu-hen* |  | January 11, 2017 | Commercial promoting the final volume of the *Blood Lad* manga series by Yūki Kodama. |
| *Mr. Fixer* | Takehiro Kubota | July 4, 2020 | Music video for *Mr. Fixer*, the opening theme for *Id:Invaded* |
|

## InfoBox

NAZ Co., Ltd.
|
|  |
| Native name | 株式会社NAZ |
| Romanized name | Kabushiki-gaisha Nazu |
| Company type | Animation studio |
| Industry | Japanese animation |
| Founded | April 19, 2013 (2013-04-19) |
| Founder | Yasuo Suda |
| Headquarters | Musashino, Tokyo, Japan |
| Key people | Yasuo Suda (CEO) |
| Parent | Anima&Co. |
| Website | www.naz.co.jp |