title: Magnus II of Norway

abstract: Magnus Haraldsson was King of Norway from 1066 to 1069, jointly with his brother Olaf Kyrre from 1067. He was not included in official Norwegian regnal lists until modern times, but has since been counted as Magnus II. A son of King Harald Hardrada, Magnus was in 1058 appointed nominal leader of an expedition into the Irish Sea while still only a child. He appears to have assisted Welsh ruler Gruffydd ap Llywelyn and Ælfgar, Earl of Mercia in their struggles against Wessex, although his primary objective may have been to assert control over Orkney. He later accompanied his father in Harald's campaign against Denmark in 1062, and was appointed regent and made king before Harald's fatal invasion of England in 1066. Magnus briefly ruled Norway alone thereafter, until his younger brother Olaf returned from England in 1067. Magnus co-ruled with Olaf following his brother's return to Norway, but less than three years into his reign, Magnus became ill and died. His kingship has been downplayed in later history in part due to this. Magnus had only one child, Haakon Toresfostre who was king briefly after Olaf, but who also died young.

text:
# Magnus II of Norway

**Magnus Haraldsson** (Old Norse: *Magnús Haraldsson*; c.1048 – 28 April 1069) was King of Norway from 1066 to 1069, jointly with his brother Olaf Kyrre from 1067. He was not included in official Norwegian regnal lists until modern times, but has since been counted as **Magnus II**.

A son of King Harald Hardrada, Magnus was in 1058 appointed nominal leader of an expedition into the Irish Sea while still only a child. He appears to have assisted Welsh ruler Gruffydd ap Llywelyn and Ælfgar, Earl of Mercia in their struggles against Wessex, although his primary objective may have been to assert control over Orkney. He later accompanied his father in Harald's campaign against Denmark in 1062, and was appointed regent and made king before Harald's fatal invasion of England in 1066. Magnus briefly ruled Norway alone thereafter, until his younger brother Olaf returned from England in 1067.

Magnus co-ruled with Olaf following his brother's return to Norway, but less than three years into his reign, Magnus became ill and died. His kingship has been downplayed in later history in part due to this. Magnus had only one child, Haakon Toresfostre who was king briefly after Olaf, but who also died young.

## Early life

### Background

Magnus was born in 1048 or 1049. He was the first of two sons of King Harald Hardrada, by his consort Tora Torbergsdatter. There are no known skaldic poems written about Magnus, and he appears only briefly in the Norse sagas. The author of *Ágrip af Nóregskonungasögum* describes him in passing as "a most handsome man." While not mentioned anywhere in the sagas, Magnus appears in contemporary British sources around the year 1058 as the leader of a Norwegian expedition in the Irish Sea.

### Expedition to the West

In 1058, Magnus headed an expedition into the Irish Sea that sought to extend Norwegian authority in the region, the Norwegians siding with a faction that opposed the Norse-Gaelic king Echmarcach mac Ragnaill. The expedition also appears to have supported a branch of the Norse-Gaelic dynasty of Ivar that opposed Irish king Diarmait mac Maíl na mBó. Magnus commanded a fleet that, in addition to Norway, recruited men from Orkney, the Hebrides, and Dublin. His forces were later active in Wales and perhaps in England, and English chronicler John of Worcester associates the Norwegian fleet (along with the Welsh ruler Gruffydd ap Llywelyn), with returning the exiled Ælfgar, Earl of Mercia to power. The Irish *Annals of Tigernach* goes further in claiming that Magnus's goal was to seize power in England, but this is not supported by Welsh and English sources which also includes the *Annales Cambriae* and the *Anglo-Saxon Chronicle*.

Magnus's campaign may have been part of his father's plans for an invasion of England, as control over the Kingdom of the Isles would have provided him with more troops. Historian Kelly DeVries has moreover proposed that Harald may have wanted to test the situation in England before a possible invasion, only to find that he could not be at war with Denmark and England at the same time. The expedition of Magnus never made significant landfall in England, but for English king Edward the Confessor it probably signalled renewed Norwegian ambitions from Harald Hardrada, who considered himself Edward's rightful heir. At the same time, the rise in power of Godwin, Earl of Wessex and his sons, in particular Harold Godwinson, had also started representing a threat to Harald's claim.

On the other hand, historian Alex Woolf has suggested that the expedition originally may only have been intended for Orkney, and that in search for plunder it was followed by an expedition into the Irish Sea that by mere luck presented Magnus with the opportunity of raiding with Earl Ælfgar. The exact year that Thorfinn Sigurdsson, Earl of Orkney died is not recorded anywhere, other than that it is stated in the *Orkneyinga saga* that it was in the later days of Harald Hardrada. Thus, it may be that his death provoked Magnus's expedition, and that the expedition was the occasion on which Paul and Erlend Thorfinnsson, Thorfinn's successors as earls, submitted to Harald. Woolf has also proposed that Magnus may have played some part in the war in Scotland in 1057–1058, perhaps supporting Máel Coluim mac Donnchada against Lulach.

## Kingship and death

Magnus accompanied his father in Harald's campaign against Denmark in 1062. On his way to Denmark, Harald's fleet clashed with the fleet of Danish king Sweyn Estridsson in a major naval battle at Niså that resulted in Norwegian victory. In 1066, after concluding peace with Sweyn Estridsson, Harald set out on his campaign of conquering England from Harold Godwinson. Before departing, he appointed Magnus as regent and king of Norway in his absence, and had his younger son Olaf accompany him on the expedition. After initial success in the Battle of Fulford, Harald was defeated and killed by Harold Godwinson in the Battle of Stamford Bridge. Olaf survived and returned to Norway with the remaining troops in early 1067, and was proclaimed king and co-ruler with his brother Magnus.

Although it was intended for Magnus and Olaf to rule the kingdom jointly without division, in practice Olaf ruled over Viken (the south-eastern part of Norway), while Magnus controlled the Uplands and Trøndelag (the middle parts of Norway) along with Western Norway and Northern Norway. Despite this division, there are no signs of hostility between the brothers, and their relationship appears to have been peaceful.

Having reigned for less than three years, Magnus became ill and died in Nidaros (Trondheim) on 28 April 1069. The sagas posit that Magnus died of ringworm, but modern scholars have proposed that he instead may have died of ergotism (poisoning by the *Claviceps purpurea* fungus). Snorri Sturluson writes briefly in the *Saga of Harald Hardrade* that Magnus was "an amiable king and bewailed by the people."

Magnus's kingship has been downplayed in later history partly due to his short tenure, and because most of it was together with his brother. The subsequently long reign of Olaf also contributed to overshadow Magnus's reign, combined with the fact that the later Norwegian royal dynasties only descended (or claimed descent) from Olaf.

The king known today as Magnus VI (the first Norwegian king known to use regnal numbers) originally used the regnal number IV for himself in contemporary Latin letters, leaving out Magnus Haraldsson. As the numbering system has seen changes in modern times, Magnus Haraldsson is today included as Magnus II.

## Family

Magnus had a son, Haakon Magnusson of Norway, who was probably born the same year that Magnus died. Haakon went on to claim what he considered his part of the kingdom (after his father) in 1093 when his uncle Olaf Kyrre died, and shared the kingdom with his cousin Magnus Barefoot (son of Olaf Kyrre). Similar to the reign of his father, Haakon's reign also ended abruptly after a short time as he died young in 1095.

## Footnotes

Primary sources Modern literature

## InfoBox

| Magnus II | |
| --- | --- |
| King of Norway | |
| Reign | 1066 – 28 April 1069 |
| Predecessor | Harald III |
| Successor | Olaf III |
| Co-ruler | Olaf III (from 1067) |
|  | |
| Born | c.1048 |
| Died | 28 April 1069 (aged 19–21)<br>Nidaros, Norway |
| Issue | Haakon Magnusson |
| Names  Magnus Haraldsson | |
| House | Hardrada |
| Father | Harald III of Norway |
| Mother | Tora Torbergsdatter |


title: US Yachts US 30

abstract: The US Yachts US 30 is an American sailboat that was designed by Doug Peterson and Daryl Watson and first built in 1979. The design is an unauthorized development of Peterson's International Offshore Rule Half Ton class Chaser 29 racer, using the same hull design, but with no royalties paid. The US 30 molds were later sold to Pearson Yachts and developed into the Triton 30. Sailboatdata notes of US Yachts that, "the sailboat division of Bayliner took the practice of reusing the tooling from defunct builders to a whole new level."

text:
# US Yachts US 30

The **US Yachts US 30** is an American sailboat that was designed by Doug Peterson and Daryl Watson and first built in 1979.

The design is an unauthorized development of Peterson's International Offshore Rule Half Ton class Chaser 29 racer, using the same hull design, but with no royalties paid. The US 30 molds were later sold to Pearson Yachts and developed into the Triton 30. Sailboatdata notes of US Yachts that, "the sailboat division of Bayliner took the practice of reusing the tooling from defunct builders to a whole new level."

## Production

The design was built by US Yachts in the United States, from 1979 until 1983, but it is now out of production.

## Design

The US Yachts US 30 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a masthead sloop rig, a raked stem, a reverse transom, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed fin keel. It displaces 7,000 lb (3,175 kg) and carries 2,850 lb (1,293 kg) of ballast.

The boat has a draft of 5.58 ft (1.70 m) with the standard keel and 3.92 ft (1.19 m) with the optional shoal draft keel.

The boat is fitted with a Swedish Volvo diesel engine of 13 hp (10 kW) for docking and maneuvering. The fuel tank holds 20 U.S. gallons (76 L; 17 imp gal) and the fresh water tank has a capacity of 29 U.S. gallons (110 L; 24 imp gal).

The design has sleeping accommodation for four people, with a double "V"-berth in the bow cabin and a drop-down dinette table and U-shaped settee that forms a double berth on the port side. The galley is located on the starboard side of the companionway ladder. The galley is L-shaped and is equipped with a two-burner stove, ice box and a sink. The head is located just aft of the bow cabin on the port side. Cabin headroom is 74 in (188 cm).

For sailing the design may be equipped with one of a number of jibs or genoas.

The design has a hull speed of 6.7 kn (12.4 km/h).

## InfoBox

US Yachts US 30
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Development | |
| Designer | Doug Peterson and Daryl Watson |
| Location | United States |
| Year | 1979 |
| Builder(s) | US Yachts |
| Name | US Yachts US 30 |
| Boat | |
| Displacement | 7,000 lb (3,175 kg) |
| Draft | 5.58 ft (1.70 m) |
| Hull | |
| Type | monohull |
| Construction | fiberglass |
| LOA | 29.92 ft (9.12 m) |
| LWL | 25.00 ft (7.62 m) |
| Beam | 10.25 ft (3.12 m) |
| Engine type | Volvo 13 hp (10 kW) diesel engine |
| Hull appendages | |
| Keel/board type | fin keel |
| Ballast | 2,850 lb (1,293 kg) |
| Rudder(s) | internally-mounted spade-type rudder |
| Rig | |
| Rig type | Bermuda rig |
| foretriangle height | 38.86 ft (11.84 m) |
| foretriangle base | 12.32 ft (3.76 m) |
| mainsail luff | 34.00 ft (10.36 m) |
| mainsail foot | 9.17 ft (2.80 m) |
| Sails | |
| Sailplan | masthead sloop |
| Mainsail area | 155.89 sq ft (14.483 m2) |
| Jib/genoa area | 239.38 sq ft (22.239 m2) |
| Total sail area | 395.27 sq ft (36.722 m2) |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Magoja

abstract: The magoja (Korean: 마고자) is a type of long jacket worn with hanbok, the traditional clothing of Korea, and is usually worn on top of the jeogori. It is also called magwae and while it was originally a male garment, it is now considered a unisex article of clothing. The magoja was originally a Manchu style of clothing, but was introduced after Heungseon Daewongun, father of King Gojong, returned from political exile in Manchuria in 1887. The magoja is derived from the magwae that he wore at that time to protect against the cold weather of the region. Due to its warmth and the fact that it's easy to wear, the magoja's popularity spread throughout Korea. It is also called "deot jeogori". The magoja does not have git or goreum, unlike the jeogori and durumagi (overcoat). The men's magoja has seop and its length is longer than women's magoja, so that both sides are open at the bottom. Most magoja are made of silk and are adorned with one or two buttons which are usually made from amber. In a male magoja, buttons are attached to the right side, while on women's magoja they are attached to the left. At first, women wore the magoja for style rather than comfort and it was particularly popular among the Kaeseong people. The color for these silk women's magojas tend to be neutral in order to harmonize with other garments such as the jeogori and chima, the two main parts of the female hanbok. In spring and autumn, a pastel tone is used for the women's magoja so that wearers can wear it over a jeogori for style. As for men's magoja worn during spring and summer, jade, green, gray, dark grey are used.

text:
# Magoja

The ***magoja*** (Korean: 마고자) is a type of long jacket worn with hanbok, the traditional clothing of Korea, and is usually worn on top of the *jeogori* (short jacket). It is also called *magwae* and while it was originally a male garment, it is now considered a unisex article of clothing. The magoja was originally a Manchu style of clothing, but was introduced after Heungseon Daewongun, father of King Gojong, returned from political exile in Manchuria in 1887. The magoja is derived from the *magwae* (*magua* in Chinese) that he wore at that time to protect against the cold weather of the region. Due to its warmth and the fact that it's easy to wear, the magoja's popularity spread throughout Korea. It is also called *"deot jeogori"* (lit.'an outer jeogori').

The magoja does not have *git* (깃, a band of fabric that trims the collar) or *goreum* (고름, coat strings), unlike the *jeogori* and *durumagi* (overcoat). The men's magoja has *seop* (섶, overlapped column on the front) and its length is longer than women's magoja, so that both sides are open at the bottom. Most magoja are made of silk and are adorned with one or two buttons which are usually made from amber. In a male magoja, buttons are attached to the right side, while on women's magoja they are attached to the left.

At first, women wore the magoja for style rather than comfort and it was particularly popular among the Kaeseong people. The color for these silk women's magojas tend to be neutral in order to harmonize with other garments such as the *jeogori* and *chima* (a voluminous skirt), the two main parts of the female hanbok. In spring and autumn, a pastel tone is used for the women's magoja so that wearers can wear it over a jeogori for style. As for men's magoja worn during spring and summer, jade, green, gray, dark grey are used.

## InfoBox

| Magoja | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | 마고자 / 마괘 |
| Hanja | none / 馬褂 |
| Revised Romanization | *magoja / magwae* |
| McCune–Reischauer | *magoja / magwae* |


title: Malbec (band)

abstract: Malbec was an American indie rock band, formed in 2003. Malbec was noted as on the forefront of bands which integrated sequenced hip-hop beats with modern pop stylings; their musical style includes influences from Southern hip hop, Britpop, classical compositions and folk music. Malbec disbanded in 2010 and notably began the music careers of Foster the People drummer Mark Pontius, hip-hop producer Speakerbomb, and pop songwriter and producer Nick Ruth, among others. Members Samantha Barbera and Ruth would go on to form Beginners in 2014.

text:
# Malbec (band)

**Malbec** was an American indie rock band, formed in 2003. Malbec was noted as on the forefront of bands which integrated sequenced hip-hop beats with modern pop stylings; their musical style includes influences from Southern hip hop, Britpop, classical compositions and folk music.

Malbec disbanded in 2010 and notably began the music careers of Foster the People drummer Mark Pontius, hip-hop producer Speakerbomb (Freddie Gibbs), and pop songwriter and producer Nick Ruth (Zara Larsson, Kelly Clarkson, Night Terrors of 1927), among others. Members Samantha Barbera and Ruth would go on to form Beginners in 2014.

## History

Malbec began in 2003 and officially formed in early 2004 in Los Angeles, California. Malbec was made of friends Pablo Signori, Nick Ruth, and Samantha Barbera, who met at Indiana University, in addition to Sid Miller and Mark Pontius. Their name is nod to frontman Pablo Signori's family origin in Argentina. Malbec self-released their debut EP *Malbec* in February 2005, produced by Tony Fagenson. They released their sophomore EP in April 2006. This record, *Keep It A Secret*, was produced by Richard Gibbs and Rick Parker.

In 2007, they signed a publishing deal with Songs Music Publishing and were heard on a number of television shows and movie soundtracks, including *One Tree Hill*, *Flight of the Phoenix*, *Long Way Round*, *The Omen*, *Palo Alto* and in the episode "Chuck vs. the Colonel" in NBC's *Chuck*. They are also featured on Fox's show *VIP Passport*, *Kyle XY*, *Dirty Sexy Money*, *My Best Friend's Girl*. They have also had placements in MTV's *16 & Pregnant*, *Teen Mom*, and *Teen Mom 2*, as well as ABC Family's 2011 show, *The Lying Game.* Malbec also recorded "Given the Times" in Simlish for the 2007 Electronic Arts game *The Sims: Pet Stories 2*.

Malbec released their self-produced full-length debut album *Dawn of Our Age* in March 2008. From December 2008 to April 2009, Malbec released a series of five EPs in five months, called the *Answering Machine* EPs. They wrote, recorded and released a new EP every month. In 2012, the EPs were released as a sixteen-track album.

Malbec toured with Mutemath, Mat Kearney, OneRepublic, Under the Influence of Giants, Phantom Planet, Rock Kills Kid, Copeland, The Knux, and Tally Hall.

In December 2009, Malbec parted ways with their original drummer, Mark Pontius, who left to found the indie pop band Foster the People. The rest of the band remained together and worked on new music, including two collaborations with The Knux, "F@&k You" and "Fruits." They disbanded in 2010 and released an EP of unreleased material *Last Dance* in December 2011.

## Members

* Pablo Signori – vocals, piano, guitar
* Samantha Barbera – bass guitar, backing vocals
* Nick Ruth – guitar, backing vocals
* Sidney Miller – keyboards, programming
* Mark Pontius – drums

## Discography

***Malbec*** **EP (2006)** via Double O Buffalo

| No. | Title | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Closer" | Tony Fagenson | 3:42 |
| 2. | "Blue" | Tony Fagenson | 3:34 |
| 3. | "Go" | Tony Fagenson | 3:50 |
| 4. | "Solstice" | Tony Fagenson | 4:30 |
| 5. | "Rectangle" | Tony Fagenson | 4:34 |
| 6. | "Hidden Track" | Malbec | 4:46 |

***Keep It A Secret*** **EP (2007)** via Double O Buffalo

| No. | Title | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Given The Times" | Richard Gibbs | 3:53 |
| 2. | "The Visit" | Rick Parker | 3:34 |
| 3. | "21" | Richard Gibbs | 3:52 |
| 4. | "Keep It A Secret" | Richard Gibbs | 3:34 |
| 5. | "Given The Times (Simlish Version)" | Richard Gibbs | 3:56 |
| 6. | "21 (Acoustic Version)" | Malbec | 3:52 |

***Dawn Of Our Age* (2008)** via Double O Buffalo

| No. | Title | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Dawn Of Our Age" | Malbec | 4:37 |
| 2. | "Irene Song" | Malbec | 3:03 |
| 3. | "Summer" | Malbec | 3:25 |
| 4. | "Was It" | Malbec | 3:50 |
| 5. | "Stranded In The Spotlight" | Malbec | 4:07 |
| 6. | "Tell Me" | Malbec | 3:24 |
| 7. | "Prison House Poet" | Malbec | 4:21 |
| 8. | "Quiet Night, Quiet Places" | Malbec | 2:59 |
| 9. | "Consider It Done" | Malbec | 3:33 |
| 10. | "Survivor" | Malbec | 3:39 |
| 11. | "Heaven" | Malbec | 2:43 |
| 12. | "America" | Malbec | 4:27 |
| 13. | "Been A While" | Malbec | 4:08 |

***Answering Machine EP #1* (2008)** via Double O Buffalo

| No. | Title | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Intro Message" | Malbec | 0:36 |
| 2. | "Answering Machine" | Malbec | 2:50 |
| 3. | "The Interlude" | Malbec | 0:42 |
| 4. | "World Cup" | Malbec | 4:52 |
| 5. | "Message from Sid" | Malbec | 0:30 |
| 6. | "The Truth" | Malbec | 3:35 |

***Answering Machine EP #2*** **(2009)** via Double O Buffalo

| No. | Title | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Story Of A Broken Heart" | Malbec | 2:42 |
| 2. | "Jen Message" | Malbec | 0:35 |
| 3. | "Falling Off" | Malbec | 4:16 |
| 4. | "Free" | Malbec | 5:00 |

***Answering Machine EP #3* (2009)** via Double O Buffalo

| No. | Title | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Home" | Malbec | 4:15 |
| 2. | "Pictures In Magazines" | Malbec | 2:47 |
| 3. | "Steven Message" | Malbec | 0:29 |
| 4. | "When We See" | Malbec | 3:50 |

***Answering Machine EP #4* (2009)** via Double O Buffalo

| No. | Title | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Dancing The Night Away" | Malbec | 3:29 |
| 2. | "Goon Message" | Malbec | 0:21 |
| 3. | "You're Coming Around" | Malbec | 3:14 |
| 4. | "Riley Message" | Malbec | 0:31 |
| 5. | "Casualty Of Love" | Malbec | 4:04 |

***Answering Machine EP #5* (2009)** via Double O Buffalo

| No. | Title | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Unus Vita" | Malbec | 4:21 |
| 2. | "Pfeffer Message" | Malbec | 0:11 |
| 3. | "It Won't Feel Right" | Malbec | 4:22 |
| 4. | "Something Wicked This Way Comes" | Malbec | 3:31 |
| 5. | "Joseph Message" | Malbec | 0:33 |
| 6. | "In The End" | Malbec | 3:00 |

***Last Dance* EP (2011)**

| No. | Title | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Victorius" | Malbec | 3:42 |
| 2. | "Downslide" | Malbec | 3:14 |
| 3. | "Babylon" | Malbec | 3:24 |
| 4. | "Waltz with Orion" | Malbec | 3:29 |

## InfoBox

| Malbec | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Los Angeles, California, United States |
| Genres | Indie rock, hip hop, indie pop |
| Years active | 20032010 |
| Labels | Songs Music Publishing, Double O Buffalo |
|  | |
| Past members | Pablo Signori
Samantha Barbera
Nick Ruth
Sidney Miller
Mark Pontius |


title: USS Ranger (1814)

abstract: USS Ranger was an armed schooner that served in the U.S. Navy from 1814 to 1816. Ranger, probably a former privateer, was purchased in Baltimore, Maryland, in March 1814. With the War of 1812 in its final years, she primarily served as a lookout and coastal guard vessel on the Chesapeake Bay. She was sold off in 1816; her fate afterwards is unknown.

text:
# USS Ranger (1814)

**USS *Ranger*** was an armed schooner that served in the U.S. Navy from 1814 to 1816.

*Ranger*, probably a former privateer, was purchased in Baltimore, Maryland, in March 1814. With the War of 1812 in its final years, she primarily served as a lookout and coastal guard vessel on the Chesapeake Bay. She was sold off in 1816; her fate afterwards is unknown.

*This article incorporates text from the public domain* Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships*. The entry can be found here.*

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | USS *Ranger* |
| Namesake | A wanderer, or military scout |
| Acquired | March 1814 |
| Fate | Sold in 1816 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Schooner |
| Sail plan | schooner-rigged |
| Armament | 1 × 18-pounder gun |


title: Ubstadt-Weiher

abstract: Ubstadt-Weiher is a municipality in northern Karlsruhe district in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located on Bertha Benz Memorial Route. The four villages that make up the municipality are: Ubstadt, Weiher, Zeutern, and Stettfeld. The area in between and around these villages is numbered with grape vineyards. There are many wineries found in these villages.

text:
# Ubstadt-Weiher

**Ubstadt-Weiher** is a municipality in northern Karlsruhe district in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located on Bertha Benz Memorial Route.

The four villages that make up the municipality are (in order of size): Ubstadt, Weiher, Zeutern, and Stettfeld. The area in between and around these villages is numbered with grape vineyards. There are many wineries found in these villages.

## InfoBox

| Ubstadt-Weiher | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Ubstadt-Weiher within Karlsruhe district | |
| Ubstadt-Weiher Ubstadt-Weiher | |
| Coordinates: 49°9′56″N 8°37′30″E / 49.16556°N 8.62500°E / 49.16556; 8.62500 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Baden-Württemberg |
| Admin. region | Karlsruhe |
| District | Karlsruhe |
| Subdivisions | 4 |
| Government | |
| Mayor (201826) | Tony Löffler (CDU) |
| Area | |
| Total | 36.48 km2 (14.09 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 131 m (430 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 13,332 |
| Density | 370/km2 (950/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 76698 |
| Dialling codes | 07253, 07251 |
| Vehicle registration | KA |
| Website | www.ubstadt-weiher.de |


title: Malaysia Federal Route 78

abstract: Kuala Kedah Highway, Federal Route 78, is a major highway in Kedah, Malaysia. It is also a main route to Langkawi Island via Kuala Kedah.

text:
# Malaysia Federal Route 78

**Kuala Kedah Highway**, **Federal Route 78**, is a major highway in Kedah, Malaysia. It is also a main route to Langkawi Island via Kuala Kedah.

## Route background

The Kilometre Zero of the Federal Route 78 starts at Kuala Kedah.

## Features

At most sections, the Federal Route 78 was built under the JKR R5 road standard, allowing maximum speed limit of up to 90 km/h.

## List of junctions and towns

| Km | Exit | Junctions | To | Remarks |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8.7 |  | **Alor Setar** | FT 1 **Sultan Abdul Halim Highway**

**North**
FT 1 City Centre

**South**
FT 1 Kota Sarang Semut
FT 1 Gurun
FT 1 Sungai Petani | T-junctions |
| **FT 78 Kuala Kedah Highway
Start/End of highway** | | | | | |
| FT 78
**8** |  | Sultanah Bahiyah Highway | FT 255 **Sultanah Bahiyah Highway**

**North**
FT 7 Kangar
FT 7 Alor Janggus
FT 1 Kepala Batas
FT 1 Jitra
North–South Expressway Northern Route  AH2 **North–South Expressway Northern Route**
Hat Yai (Thailand)
Bukit Kayu Hitam

**South**
Sungai Petani
Gurun
Kota Sarang Semut
North–South Expressway Northern Route  AH2 **North–South Expressway Northern Route**
Kuala Lumpur
Ipoh
Penang
Pendang | Junctions |
|  |  | Taman Pelangi |  |  |
|  |  | Kampung Teluk Chengai | Kampung Masjid Lama |  |
|  |  | Kampung Teluk Kechai |  |  |
|  |  | Kampung Teluk Layang |  |  |
|  |  | Kampung Lorong Ayer Masin |  |  |
|  |  | Jalan Pantai Barat Kedah | **South**
K1 **Jalan Pantai Barat Kedah**
Yan | T-junctions |
|  |  | Taman Juragan |  |  |
|  |  | Taman Bahtera |  |  |
| **FT 78 Kuala Kedah Highway
Start/End of highway** | | | | | |
| FT 78
**0** |  | **Kuala Kedah** | K365 **Jalan Tok Pasai**

**West**
Kuala Kedah ferry terminal
(Ferry to Langkawi Island)

**East**
Kota Kuala Kedah | Junctions |

## InfoBox

| Federal Route 78 | |
| --- | --- |
| Kuala Kedah Highway | |
| Route information | |
| Length | 8.78 km (5.46 mi) |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | Kuala Kedah |
| Major intersections | K365 Jalan Tok Pasai
K1 Jalan Pantai Barat Kedah
FT 255 Sultanah Bahiyah Highway
FT 1 Sultan Abdul Halim Highway |
| East end | Alor Star |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Malaysia |
| Primary
destinations | Langkawi Island
Kota Kuala Kedah
Alor Janggus |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |


title: Mahela Vijelath

abstract: Mahela Vijelath is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his List A debut for Ampara District in the 2016–17 Districts One Day Tournament on 18 March 2017. He made his Twenty20 debut for Badureliya Sports Club in the 2017–18 SLC Twenty20 Tournament on 2 March 2018.

text:
# Mahela Vijelath

**Mahela Vijelath** (born 5 September 1981) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his List A debut for Ampara District in the 2016–17 Districts One Day Tournament on 18 March 2017. He made his Twenty20 debut for Badureliya Sports Club in the 2017–18 SLC Twenty20 Tournament on 2 March 2018.

## InfoBox

Mahela Vijelath
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1981-09-05) 5 September 1981 |
| Source: Cricinfo, 1 June 2020 | |


title: Mallet, Paraná

abstract: Mallet, Paraná is a municipality in the state of Paraná in the Southern Region of Brazil. The town is named for the Brazilian Army Marshal Émile Mallet, Baron of Itapevi, with his name being mentioned in its hymn.

text:
# Mallet, Paraná

**Mallet, Paraná** is a municipality in the state of Paraná in the Southern Region of Brazil.

The town is named for the Brazilian Army Marshal Émile Mallet, Baron of Itapevi, with his name being mentioned in its hymn.

25°52′40″S 50°49′15″W / 25.87778°S 50.82083°W / -25.87778; -50.82083

## InfoBox

| Mallet, Paraná | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Country | Brazil |
| Region | Southern |
| State | Paraná |
| Mesoregion | Sudeste Paranaense |
| Population (2020 ) | |
| Total | 13,663 |
| Time zone | UTC−3 (BRT) |


title: Malleswara Shiva Temple

abstract: Malleswara Shiva Temple is a pancha-ratna temple, built in the 18th century at Chandrakona in Ghatal subdivision of Paschim Medinipur district in West Bengal, India.

text:
# Malleswara Shiva Temple

**Malleswara Shiva Temple** is a *pancha-ratna* temple, built in the 18th century at Chandrakona in Ghatal subdivision of Paschim Medinipur district in West Bengal, India.

## History

The Chandrakona area was once thickly forested. The earliest rulers of the area were the Ketu dynasty, who possibly ruled up to the 16th century, when they were overthrown by the Chouhan dynasty, also known as Bhan kings. They built several temples in and around Chandrakona. The last Bhan king, Mitrasen, died childless and Raghunath Singh of Bishnupur took over the kingdom. Subsequently, Kirtichandra of Burdwan defeated him and annexed the area. He built many temples in Chandrakona. It came under the rule of British East India Company in 1760.

## Geography

The Malleswara Shiva temple is located at 22°43′21″N 87°30′45″E / 22.7225°N 87.5126°E / 22.7225; 87.5126.

## The temple

David J. McCutchion says that the *pancha-ratna*, along with the *at-chala*, is the most popular type of Bengal temple, “especially in 19th century Midnapore where it outnumbers all others,” The roof of a *ratna* temple “is surmounted by one or more towers or pinnacles called *ratna* (jewel). The simplest form has a single central tower (*eka-ratna*), to which may be added four more at the corners (*pancha-ratna*)”. The number of towers or pinnacles can be increased up to a maximum of twentyfive. The *ratna* style came up in the 15th-16th century. McCutchion classifies the Malleswara Shiva temple as a *pancha-ratna* with ridged rekha turrets and porch on triple archway. Built of laterite possibly in the 18th century, it has stucco figures and measures 26’ square.

There is another view point worth noting. The Malleswar Shiva temple is one of the oldest temples in Chandrakona. It was in all probability built in the 14th century and was renovated by Maharaja Tejchandra in 1831. The temple originally stood in a fortified compound. There was a double storied gateway and a plate detailed the renovation work done by Maharaja Tejchandra. The gate is in a dilapidated condition and the plate is missing. There was a *natmandir* till 2017, when it was pulled down by locals with the excuse of being in a bad shape and unsafe. The Jorbangla temple is just 500 m away.

It has a height of 60’.

See also - Other temples at Chandrakona: Chandrakona Jorbangla Temple, Shantinatha Shiva Temple, Parvatinatha Temple

## InfoBox

| Malleswara Shiva Temple | |
| --- | --- |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Hinduism |
| Location | |
| Location | Chandrakona<br>Paschim Medinipur district |
| State | West Bengal |
| Country | India |
| Shown within West BengalMalleswara Shiva Temple (India) | |
| Geographic coordinates | 22°43′21″N 87°30′45″E / 22.7225°N 87.5126°E / 22.7225; 87.5126 |
| Architecture | |
| Type | Pancharatna |
| Completed | 18th century |


title: Malcolm MacQuillan

abstract: Malcolm MacQuillan was a 13th-14th century nobleman. In July 1300, Malcolm was granted safe conduct by the English so he could assail Scottish forces, on Scotland's western seaboard, with his galley fleet. As part of Robert de Brus's 1307 expedition into Annandale and Galloway, led by Alexander de Brus and Thomas de Brus, an Irish sub king, Sir Reginald de Crawford and Malcolm, consisting of 1000 men and eighteen galleys they sailed into Loch Ryan and landed near Stranraer. The invasion force was quickly overwhelmed by local forces, led by Dungal MacDouall, who was a supporter of the Balliols, Comyns and King Edward I of England with only two galleys escaping. Malcolm was captured and summarily executed with the Irish sub king. Alexander, Thomas and Reginald de Crawford were sent as prisoners to Carlisle, England, where they were executed. The heads of MacQuillan and two Irish chiefs were sent to King Edward I.

text:
# Malcolm MacQuillan

**Malcolm MacQuillan** (died 9/10 February 1307) was a 13th-14th century nobleman.

In July 1300, Malcolm was granted safe conduct by the English so he could assail Scottish forces, on Scotland's western seaboard, with his galley fleet.

As part of Robert de Brus's 1307 expedition into Annandale and Galloway, led by Alexander de Brus and Thomas de Brus, an Irish sub king, Sir Reginald de Crawford and Malcolm, consisting of 1000 men and eighteen galleys they sailed into Loch Ryan and landed near Stranraer. The invasion force was quickly overwhelmed by local forces, led by Dungal MacDouall, who was a supporter of the Balliols, Comyns and King Edward I of England with only two galleys escaping. Malcolm was captured and summarily executed with the Irish sub king. Alexander, Thomas and Reginald de Crawford were sent as prisoners to Carlisle, England, where they were executed. The heads of MacQuillan and two Irish chiefs were sent to King Edward I.

* Barbour, John, The Bruce, trans. A. A. H. Douglas, 1964.
* Sir Herbert Maxwell, The Chronicle of Lanercost, 1272-1346: translated with notes (1913).
* Watson, Fiona J. (1998), *Under the Hammer: Edward I and Scotland, 1286-1306*, Tuckwell, pp. 105–106


title: Ugyen Dorji (DPT politician)

abstract: Ugyen Dorji is a Bhutanese politician who has been a member of the National Assembly of Bhutan, since October 2018.

text:
# Ugyen Dorji (DPT politician)

**Ugyen Dorji** is a Bhutanese politician who has been a member of the National Assembly of Bhutan, since October 2018.

## Education

He holds a Master's degree in Industrial and Employment Relations from Monash University, Australia.

## Political career

Dorji was elected to the National Assembly of Bhutan as a candidate of DPT in the 2008 Bhutanese National Assembly election. He received 5,610 votes and defeated Mingbo Dukpa, a candidate of PDP.

He ran for the seat of the National Assembly of Bhutan as a candidate of DPT in the 2013 Bhutanese National Assembly election, but was unsuccessful. He received 2,205 votes and lost the seat to the same opponent Mingbo Dukpa.

Wangchuk was elected to the National Assembly of Bhutan as a candidate of DPT from Dewathang Gomdar constituency in 2018 Bhutanese National Assembly election. He received 5,367 votes and defeated Thinley Namgay, a candidate of DNT.

## InfoBox

| Ugyen Dorji | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the National Assembly of Bhutan | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
31 October 2018 | |
| Preceded by | Mingbo Dukpa |
| Constituency | Dewathang Gomdar |
| **In office**
2008–2013 | |
| Succeeded by | Mingbo Dukpa |
| Constituency | Dewathang Gomdar |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | c.1975 |
| Nationality | Bhutanese |
| Political party | Druk Phuensum Tshogpa (DPT) |
|  | |


title: Ukraine men's national water polo team

abstract: The Ukraine men's national water polo team represents Ukraine in international men's water polo competitions. The team was established in 1992 after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The highest achievements in the history of independent Ukraine are 12th place at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta and 7th place at the 1995 European Championships in Vienna.

text:
# Ukraine men's national water polo team

The **Ukraine men's national water polo team** represents Ukraine in international men's water polo competitions. The team was established in 1992 after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The highest achievements in the history of independent Ukraine are 12th place at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta and 7th place at the 1995 European Championships in Vienna.

## Results

### Olympic Games

### World League

* 2019*DNQ* (finished last in the group at the European Qualification)
* 2021*DNQ* (finished last in the group at the European Qualification)

### European Championship

## Notable players

## InfoBox

Ukraine
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| FINA code | UKR |
| Association | Ukrainian Swimming Federation |
| Confederation | LEN (Europe) |
| Olympic Games | |
| Appearances | 1 (*first in 1996*) |
| Best result | 12th place (1996) |


abstract: The Ukraine men's national under-16 basketball team is a national basketball team of Ukraine, administered by the Basketball Federation of Ukraine. It represents the country in men's international under-16 basketball competitions.

text:
# Ukraine men's national under-16 basketball team

The **Ukraine men's national under-16 basketball team** is a national basketball team of Ukraine, administered by the Basketball Federation of Ukraine. It represents the country in men's international under-16 basketball competitions.

## FIBA U16 EuroBasket participations

## InfoBox

Ukraine
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| FIBA zone | FIBA Europe |
| National federation | Basketball Federation of Ukraine |
| U17 World Cup | |
| Appearances | None |
| U16 EuroBasket | |
| Appearances | 9 |
| Medals | None |
| U16 EuroBasket Division B | |
| Appearances | 10 |
| Medals | ***Gold:*** 1 (2004)<br>***Silver:*** 1 (2010) |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Malinovo, Lovech Province

abstract: Malinovo is a village in Lovech Municipality, Lovech Province, northern Bulgaria. The village of Malinovo has a Turkish majority. It is one of the few places in the province of Lovech with a Turkish majority. There is also a large Turkish minority living in the nearby village of Aleksandrovo.

text:
# Malinovo, Lovech Province

**Malinovo** is a village in Lovech Municipality, Lovech Province, northern Bulgaria.

The village of Malinovo has a Turkish majority. It is one of the few places in the province of Lovech with a Turkish majority. There is also a large Turkish minority living in the nearby village of Aleksandrovo.

## InfoBox

| Malinovo Малиново | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Malinovo | |
| Coordinates: 42°54′00″N 24°54′00″E / 42.9000°N 24.9000°E / 42.9000; 24.9000 | |
| Country | Bulgaria |
| Province | Lovech Province |
| Municipality | Lovech |
| Population (February 2011 (census)) | |
| Total | 715 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


title: Malik Abbas Rehman

abstract: Malik Abbas Rehman is a Pakistani politician who was a member of the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from August 2019 to January 2023.

text:
# Malik Abbas Rehman

**Malik Abbas Rehman** is a Pakistani politician who was a member of the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from August 2019 to January 2023.

## Political career

Rehman contested 2019 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provincial election on 20 July 2019 from constituency PK-104 (Mohmand-II) as an independent. He won the election by the majority of 1,950 votes over the runner up Muhammad Arif of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F). He garnered 11,751 votes while Arif received 9,801 votes.

## InfoBox

| Malik Abbas Rehman | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | |
| **In office**<br>27 August 2019  18 January 2023 | |
| Constituency | PK-104 (Mohmand-II) |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Nationality | Pakistani |
| Political party | Balochistan Awami Party |
|  | |


title: Malise III, Earl of Strathearn

abstract: Malise III of Strathearn was a Scottish nobleman, the ruler of the region of Strathearn. He was the son of Malise II and his second wife Matilda, daughter of Gilbert, Earl of Orkney and Caithness. He succeeded his father on the latter's death in 1271, though for some reason he does not refer to himself as Earl until 1283, perhaps because he had not been formally infeft in the earldom. Malise helped to keep the Kingdom of Scotland stable after the death of King Alexander, and in an example of his behaviour, he is recorded as levying the tenants of the land belonging to Inchaffray Abbey to help preserve the peace. In 1284 he had joined with other Scottish noblemen who acknowledged Margaret, Maid of Norway as the heir to Alexander. In the interregnum following Margaret's death, Malise took a prominent part in state affairs, and was involved in most of the political events of the time. Perhaps because of his marriage into the House of Comyn, he took the side of John Balliol in his competition for the throne with Robert Bruce, and accompanied John at the Battle of Dunbar in 1296. Later he swore fealty to Edward I of England, and two of his sons were taken as hostages by that king, to ensure their father's good behaviour. In 1297 he took the Earl of Fife's uncle as a prisoner for King Edward, along with his two sons. A close friend of the Prince of Wales, he was invested in 1305 as Lieutenant of the Warden north of the Forth. In 1306 he was ordered to take the sons of the Steward of Scotland and the Earl of Atholl as hostages, but before he could complete this task, he was imprisoned in Rochester Castle because of his alleged surrender to King Robert Bruce. According to Malise, King Robert and the Earl of Atholl had marched into Strathearn and deceived and coerced him into paying Robert homage. Notwithstanding this explanation, he remained imprisoned. On petition from the Earl's wife and sons, King Edward ordered an inquiry to be made, but nothing came of this. After having been transferred to York in 1307, he was finally acquitted and set free in 1310. Malise was present on the English side when King Robert stormed Perth Castle in 1312. He died later the same year, and was entombed in Inchaffray Abbey, to the right of the high altar.

text:
# Malise III, Earl of Strathearn

**Malise III of Strathearn** (Gaelic: *Maol Íosa*; c. 1257  1312) was a Scottish nobleman, the ruler of the region of Strathearn.

He was the son of Malise II and his second wife Matilda, daughter of Gilbert, Earl of Orkney and Caithness. He succeeded his father on the latter's death in 1271, though for some reason he does not refer to himself as Earl until 1283, perhaps because he had not been formally infeft in the earldom.

Malise helped to keep the Kingdom of Scotland stable after the death of King Alexander, and in an example of his behaviour, he is recorded as levying the tenants of the land belonging to Inchaffray Abbey to help preserve the peace. In 1284 he had joined with other Scottish noblemen who acknowledged Margaret, Maid of Norway as the heir to Alexander.

In the interregnum following Margaret's death, Malise took a prominent part in state affairs, and was involved in most of the political events of the time. Perhaps because of his marriage into the House of Comyn, he took the side of John Balliol in his competition for the throne with Robert Bruce, and accompanied John at the Battle of Dunbar in 1296. Later he swore fealty to Edward I of England, and two of his sons were taken as hostages by that king, to ensure their father's good behaviour.

In 1297 he took the Earl of Fife's uncle as a prisoner for King Edward, along with his two sons. A close friend of the Prince of Wales (later King Edward II), he was invested in 1305 as Lieutenant of the Warden north of the Forth.

In 1306 he was ordered to take the sons of the Steward of Scotland and the Earl of Atholl as hostages, but before he could complete this task, he was imprisoned in Rochester Castle because of his alleged surrender to King Robert Bruce. According to Malise, King Robert and the Earl of Atholl had marched into Strathearn and deceived and coerced him into paying Robert homage. Notwithstanding this explanation, he remained imprisoned. On petition from the Earl's wife and sons, King Edward ordered an inquiry to be made, but nothing came of this. After having been transferred to York in 1307, he was finally acquitted and set free in 1310.

Malise was present on the English side when King Robert stormed Perth Castle in 1312. He died later the same year, and was entombed in Inchaffray Abbey, to the right of the high altar.

## Marriage and issue

The Earl married a lady named Agnes, likely the second daughter of Alexander Comyn, Earl of Buchan. The Countess Agnes would later be imprisoned for life for conspiring against King Robert with her nephew William Soules. Malise and Agnes had three sons and a daughter:

* Malise IV, succeeded as Earl
* Gilbert, went with King Edward to Flanders in 1297, and may have died or been killed there
* Robert, is recorded as having been imprisoned in the Tower of London with other Scottish youths in 1297. Nothing further is known of him
* Matilda, married Robert de Toeni, Lord Toeni of Flamsted (1276–1309), son of Ralph de Toeni.

* Anderson, Rev'd John, "The Ancient Earls of Strathearn", in Sir James Balfour Paul (ed.) *The Scots Peerage*, Volume VIII, (Edinburgh, 1911), pp. 247–50
* Rymer, Thomas, *Foedera Conventiones, Literae et cuiuscunque generis Acta Publica inter Reges Angliae*. London. 1745. (Latin)
* Neville, Cynthia J., *Native Lordship in Medieval Scotland: The Earldoms of Strathearn and Lennox, c. 1140-1365*, (Portland & Dublin, 2005)

* "Strathearn, Malise". *Dictionary of National Biography*. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.


title: UTV Action

abstract: UTV Action was an Indian pay television movie channel that featured American animated and live-action Hollywood movies in Hindi dub. It also often aired some other country's films. It was based partly in Mumbai, Maharashtra. Initially launched as Bindass Movies, a youth-oriented Hindi movie channel, it was later rebranded as UTV Action in 2010.

text:
# UTV Action

**UTV Action** (formerly **Bindass Movies**) was an Indian pay television movie channel that featured American animated and live-action Hollywood movies in Hindi dub. It also often aired some other country's films. It was based partly in Mumbai, Maharashtra. Initially launched as Bindass Movies, a youth-oriented Hindi movie channel, it was later rebranded as UTV Action in 2010.

## Sister channels

### UTV HD

**UTV HD** was an Indian Hindi-language pay television movie channel owned by Disney Star. The channel showcased Hindi dubbed international movies.

UTV HD
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | India |
| Network | Disney Star |
| Headquarters | Mumbai, Maharashtra, India |
| Programming | |
| Picture format | 16:9 1080i (HDTV) |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | The Walt Disney Company India |
| History | |
| Launched | 21 October 2018 (2018-10-21) |
| Closed | 15 March 2023 (2023-03-15) |
| Replaced by | Star Gold 2 HD |

### UTV Action Telugu

**UTV Action Telugu** was an Indian Telugu Hindi movie channel UTV Action that showed Hollywood movies dubbed into Telugu. It was launched on 26 June 2011 and closed down on 30 November 2012 and then rebranded as Star TV Pass.

UTV Action Telugu
| Country | India |
| --- | --- |
| Network | Disney Star |
| Headquarters | Mumbai, Maharashtra |
| Programming | |
| Picture format | 4:3 576i (SDTV) |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | The Walt Disney Company India |
| History | |
| Launched | 26 June 2011 (2011-06-26) |
| Closed | 30 November 2012 |
| Replaced by | TVPass |

## InfoBox

UTV Action
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | India |
| Network | The Walt Disney Company India |
| Headquarters | Mumbai, Maharashtra |
| Programming | |
| Picture format | 4:3 576i (SDTV) |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | The Walt Disney Company India |
| Sister channels | Disney Star Channels |
| History | |
| Launched | 1 January 2010 (2010-01-01) |
| Closed | 15 March 2023 (2023-03-15) |
| Replaced by | Star Gold Thrills |
| Former names | Bindass Movies |


title: Malouy

abstract: Malouy is a commune in the Eure department in Normandy in northern France.

text:
# Malouy

**Malouy** (French pronunciation: \[malwi\]) is a commune in the Eure department in Normandy in northern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 85 |  |
| 1968 | 100 | +17.6% |
| 1975 | 95 | −5.0% |
| 1982 | 119 | +25.3% |
| 1990 | 125 | +5.0% |
| 1999 | 98 | −21.6% |
| 2008 | 122 | +24.5% |

## InfoBox

| Malouy | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The church in Malouy | |
|  | |
| Location of Malouy | |
| MalouyMalouy | |
| Coordinates: 49°07′47″N 0°31′19″E / 49.1297°N 0.5219°E / 49.1297; 0.5219 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Normandy |
| Department | Eure |
| Arrondissement | Bernay |
| Canton | Bernay |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20242026) | Bertrand Launay |
| Area**1** | 3.14 km2 (1.21 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 167 |
| Density | 53/km2 (140/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 27381 /27300 |
| Elevation | 166–175 m (545–574 ft)
(avg. 175 m or 574 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: WNEW

abstract: WNEW may refer to:

text:
# WNEW

**WNEW** may refer to:

## Radio stations

### Current

* WNEW-FM, a radio station (102.7 FM) licensed to New York, New York, United States, which has carried the WNEW-FM callsign since 2016, having previously held the calls from 1958 to 2007

### Former

* WDCH-FM, a radio station (99.1 FM) licensed to Bowie, Maryland, United States, which carried the WNEW-FM callsign from 2011 to 2016
* WJFK (AM), a radio station (1580 AM) licensed to Morningside, Maryland, United States, which carried the WNEW callsign from 2011 to 2013
* WUUB, a radio station (106.3 FM) licensed to Jupiter, Florida, United States, which carried the WNEW callsign from 2007 to 2011
* WBBR, a radio station (1130 AM) licensed to New York, New York, United States, which carried the WNEW callsign from 1934 to 1992
* WGH (AM), a radio station (1310 AM) licensed to Newport News, Virginia, United States, which briefly carried the WNEW callsign in 1928

## Television stations

### Former

* WNYW, a television station (channel 5) licensed to New York, New York, United States, which carried the WNEW-TV callsign from 1958 to 1986


title: Modoc National Wildlife Refuge

abstract: Modoc National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge of the United States located in northeastern California. It is next to the South Fork of the Pit River in Modoc County, southeast of Alturas. The area was first claimed by the Dorris Family in 1870 under the first of the federal Homestead Acts. The family developed a livestock ranch and built a reservoir. The first 5,360 acres were purchased from the family in 1960 to establish the refuge. Over the years more territory was purchased from several landowners, and today the refuge covers over 7,000 acres. The refuge is located about 60 miles outside the Klamath Basin. It is on the western edge of the Great Basin and includes many types of habitat, such as seasonal and semi-permanent wetlands, wet meadows, riparian zones, sagebrush steppe, reservoir, and cropland. It is a staging area and wetland breeding habitat for migratory birds of the Pacific Flyway, such as waterfowl and the sandhill crane. More than 250 species of birds have been recorded on the refuge. The functions of the refuge include preservation and conservation of habitat and flora and fauna, and recreation and public services such as hunting, fishing, boating, hiking, wildlife observation and photography, and education. Management activities in the local habitat include grazing and crop cultivation, prescribed burning, and water manipulation. The wetlands are stewarded to provide healthy vegetation for the use of resident and visiting birds.

text:
# Modoc National Wildlife Refuge

**Modoc National Wildlife Refuge** is a National Wildlife Refuge of the United States located in northeastern California. It is next to the South Fork of the Pit River in Modoc County, southeast of Alturas.

The area was first claimed by the Dorris Family in 1870 under the first of the federal Homestead Acts. The family developed a livestock ranch and built a reservoir. The first 5,360 acres were purchased from the family in 1960 to establish the refuge. Over the years more territory was purchased from several landowners, and today the refuge covers over 7,000 acres.

The refuge is located about 60 miles outside the Klamath Basin. It is on the western edge of the Great Basin and includes many types of habitat, such as seasonal and semi-permanent wetlands, wet meadows, riparian zones, sagebrush steppe, reservoir, and cropland. It is a staging area and wetland breeding habitat for migratory birds of the Pacific Flyway, such as waterfowl and the sandhill crane. More than 250 species of birds have been recorded on the refuge.

The functions of the refuge include preservation and conservation of habitat and flora and fauna, and recreation and public services such as hunting, fishing, boating, hiking, wildlife observation and photography, and education.

Management activities in the local habitat include grazing and crop cultivation, prescribed burning, and water manipulation. The wetlands are stewarded to provide healthy vegetation for the use of resident and visiting birds.

## InfoBox

| Modoc National Wildlife Refuge | |
| --- | --- |
| IUCN category IV (habitat/species management area) | |
|  | |
| Map of the United States | |
| Location | Modoc County, California, United States |
| Nearest city | Alturas, California |
| Coordinates | 41°27′25″N 120°31′07″W / 41.45683°N 120.51856°W / 41.45683; -120.51856 |
| Area | 7,000 acres (28 km2) |
| Established | 1961 |
| Governing body | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service |
| Website | Modoc National Wildlife Refuge |


title: Port Taranaki

abstract: Port Taranaki is a port complex located in New Plymouth, New Zealand. It is the only deep water port on the west coast of New Zealand, and is owned by the Taranaki Regional Council. The port handles a wide range of coastal and international cargoes, mostly relating to the farming, engineering and petrochemical industries. Adjacent features include the city of New Plymouth, the New Plymouth Power Station and the Sugar Loaf Islands Marine Protected Area (SLIMPA).

text:
# Port Taranaki

**Port Taranaki** is a port complex located in New Plymouth, New Zealand. It is the only deep water port on the west coast of New Zealand, and is owned by the Taranaki Regional Council. The port handles a wide range of coastal and international cargoes, mostly relating to the farming, engineering and petrochemical industries.

Adjacent features include the city of New Plymouth, the New Plymouth Power Station and the Sugar Loaf Islands Marine Protected Area (SLIMPA).

## History

The port was established in 1875, and construction of the main breakwater began in 1881 with Frederic Carrington ceremoniously laying the first stone.

In 2007, Port Taranaki became the first port in New Zealand to receive official recognition for its harbour safety management systems.

In 2013, the port purchased most of the site of the decommissioned New Plymouth Power Station. This site is adjacent to the port and provided an additional 18 ha of land.

In 2016, the port became the first port in New Zealand to be smoke free.

## InfoBox

| Port Taranaki | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Click on the map for a fullscreen view | |
| Location | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Location | New Plymouth, New Zealand |
| Coordinates | 39°03′S 174°02′E / 39.050°S 174.033°E / -39.050; 174.033 |
| UN/LOCODE | NZTKI |
| Details | |
| Owned by | Taranaki Regional Council |
| Type of harbour | Port |
| No. of berths | 10 |
| Draft depth | 12.5 m. |
| CEO | Simon Craddock |
| Statistics | |
| **Website**<br>www.porttaranaki.co.nz | |


title: Vrh, Bijelo Polje

abstract: Vrh is a small village in the municipality of Bijelo Polje, Montenegro.

text:
# Vrh, Bijelo Polje

**Vrh** (Serbian Cyrillic: Врх) is a small village in the municipality of Bijelo Polje, Montenegro.

## Demographics

According to the 2003 census, the village had a population of 46 people.

According to the 2011 census, its population was 34.

Ethnicity in 2011
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Serbs | 24 | 70.6% |
| other/undeclared | 10 | 29.4% |
| **Total** | **34** | **100%** |

## InfoBox

| Vrh Врх | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| VrhLocation within Montenegro | |
| Coordinates: 43°03′45″N 19°53′59″E / 43.0625°N 19.8997°E / 43.0625; 19.8997 | |
| Country | Montenegro |
| Municipality | Bijelo Polje |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 34 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


abstract: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Liberty County, Georgia. It is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Liberty County, Georgia, United States. The locations of National Register properties for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a Google map. There are 12 properties listed on the National Register in the county.           This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.

text:
# National Register of Historic Places listings in Liberty County, Georgia

This is a list of the **National Register of Historic Places listings in Liberty County, Georgia**.

It is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Liberty County, Georgia, United States. The locations of National Register properties for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a Google map.

There are 12 properties listed on the National Register in the county.

*This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.*

## Current listings

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Bacon-Fraser House |  | April 18, 1985
(#85000848) | 208 E. Court St.
31°50′53″N 81°35′37″W / 31.848056°N 81.593611°W / 31.848056; -81.593611 (Bacon-Fraser House) | Hinesville |  |
| 2 | Eddie Bowens Farm |  | October 25, 2004
(#04001209) | 660 Trade Hill Rd.
31°44′38″N 81°19′10″W / 31.743889°N 81.319444°W / 31.743889; -81.319444 (Eddie Bowens Farm) | Seabrook |  |
| 3 | Cassels' Store |  | August 5, 1983
(#83000232) | Off U.S. Route 84
31°49′36″N 81°31′44″W / 31.82653°N 81.52890°W / 31.82653; -81.52890 (Cassels' Store) | McIntosh | Parts of the opposite wall are still standing |
| 4 | Dorchester Academy Boys' Dormitory |  | June 23, 1986
(#86001371) | 8787 East Oglethorpe Highway (U.S. Route 84)
31°48′02″N 81°27′56″W / 31.800556°N 81.465556°W / 31.800556; -81.465556 (Dorchester Academy Boys' Dormitory) | Midway | National Historic Landmark |
| 5 | Flemington Presbyterian Church |  | June 17, 1982
(#82002449) | Off Old Sunbury Rd.
31°52′11″N 81°34′15″W / 31.86968°N 81.57091°W / 31.86968; -81.57091 (Flemington Presbyterian Church) | Flemington |  |
| 6 | Fort Morris |  | May 13, 1970
(#70000208) | 2559 Fort Morris Road
31°45′42″N 81°16′52″W / 31.7618°N 81.2812°W / 31.7618; -81.2812 (Fort Morris) | Midway | Fort Morris State Historic Site is a state park open to the public |
| 7 | Liberty County Courthouse |  | September 18, 1980
(#80001105) | Courthouse Sq.
31°50′52″N 81°35′45″W / 31.84769°N 81.59577°W / 31.84769; -81.59577 (Liberty County Courthouse) | Hinesville |  |
| 8 | Liberty County Jail |  | August 18, 1992
(#92001036) | 302 S. Main St.
31°50′44″N 81°35′47″W / 31.84558°N 81.59650°W / 31.84558; -81.59650 (Liberty County Jail) | Hinesville | Historic brick jail built in 1892. |
| 9 | Midway Historic District |  | March 1, 1973
(#73000625) | Junction of U.S. Route 17 and Martin Road
31°48′22″N 81°25′51″W / 31.806111°N 81.430833°W / 31.806111; -81.430833 (Midway Historic District) | Midway |  |
| 10 | Sam Ripley Farm |  | October 27, 2004
(#04001187) | 1337 Dorchester Village Rd.
31°45′39″N 81°22′12″W / 31.760833°N 81.37°W / 31.760833; -81.37 (Sam Ripley Farm) | Midway | Farm established in 1926 |
| 11 | St. Catherines Island |  | December 16, 1969
(#69000332) | One of the barrier islands of Georgia, south of Savannah.
31°37′56″N 81°09′48″W / 31.632222°N 81.163333°W / 31.632222; -81.163333 (St. Catherines Island) | South Newport | National Historic Landmark |
| 12 | Woodmanston Site |  | June 18, 1973
(#73000626) | Southwest of Riceboro off Barrington Rd.
31°41′52″N 81°28′23″W / 31.697778°N 81.473056°W / 31.697778; -81.473056 (Woodmanston Site) | Riceboro | The site is gated, but you can visit the site by appointment. |


title: Mount Idonmappu

abstract: Mount Idonmappu is located in the Hidaka Mountains, Hokkaidō, Japan.

text:
# Mount Idonmappu

**Mount Idonmappu** (イドンナップ岳, *Idonmappu-dake*) is located in the Hidaka Mountains, Hokkaidō, Japan.

## InfoBox

| Mount Idonmappu | |
| --- | --- |
| イドンナップ岳 | |
|  | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 1,752 m (5,748 ft) |
| Listing | List of mountains and hills of Japan by height |
| Coordinates | 42°37′49″N 142°38′56″E / 42.63028°N 142.64889°E / 42.63028; 142.64889 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Hokkaidō, Japan |
| Parent range | Hidaka Mountains |
| Topo map | Geographical Survey Institute (国土地理院, *Kokudochiriin*) 25000:1 イドンナップ岳, 50000:1 イドンナップ岳 |
| Geology | |
| Mountain type | Fold |


title: 1960 Portuguese Grand Prix

abstract: The 1960 Portuguese Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Circuito da Boavista, Oporto on 14 August 1960. It was race 8 of 10 in the 1960 World Championship of Drivers and race 7 of 9 in the 1960 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. Scottish racing legend Jim Clark scored his first ever Formula One podium at this race. John Surtees achieved his first pole position at this race.

text:
# 1960 Portuguese Grand Prix

The **1960 Portuguese Grand Prix** was a Formula One motor race held at Circuito da Boavista, Oporto on 14 August 1960. It was race 8 of 10 in the 1960 World Championship of Drivers and race 7 of 9 in the 1960 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers.

Scottish racing legend Jim Clark scored his first ever Formula One podium at this race.

John Surtees achieved his first pole position at this race.

## Classification

### Qualifying

| Pos | No | Driver | Constructor | Time | Gap |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 18 | John Surtees | Lotus-Climax | 2:25.56 |  |
| 2 | 24 | Dan Gurney | BRM | 2:25.63 | +0.07 |
| 3 | 2 | Jack Brabham | Cooper-Climax | 2:26.05 | +0.49 |
| 4 | 12 | Stirling Moss | Lotus-Climax | 2:26.19 | +0.63 |
| 5 | 22 | Graham Hill | BRM | 2:27.11 | +1.55 |
| 6 | 4 | Bruce McLaren | Cooper-Climax | 2:27.44 | +1.88 |
| 7 | 16 | Innes Ireland | Lotus-Climax | 2:27.52 | +1.96 |
| 8 | 14 | Jim Clark | Lotus-Climax | 2:28.36 | +2.80 |
| 9 | 28 | Wolfgang von Trips | Ferrari | 2:28.40 | +2.84 |
| 10 | 26 | Phil Hill | Ferrari | 2:28.42 | +2.86 |
| 11 | 30 | Masten Gregory | Cooper-Maserati | 2:29.16 | +3.60 |
| 12 | 6 | Tony Brooks | Cooper-Climax | 2:32.12 | +6.56 |
| 13 | 20 | Jo Bonnier | BRM | 2:33.34 | +7.78 |
| 14 | 8 | Olivier Gendebien | Cooper-Climax | 2:33.73 | +8.17 |
| 15 | 32 | Mário de Araújo Cabral | Cooper-Maserati | 2:33.85 | +8.29 |
| Source: | | | | | |

### Race

| Pos | No | Driver | Constructor | Laps | Time/Retired | Grid | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 2 | **Jack Brabham** | **Cooper-Climax** | 55 | 2:19:00.03 | 3 | **8** |
| 2 | 4 | **Bruce McLaren** | **Cooper-Climax** | 55 | \+ 57.97 | 6 | **6** |
| 3 | 14 | **Jim Clark** | **Lotus-Climax** | 55 | \+ 1:53.23 | 8 | **4** |
| 4 | 28 | **Wolfgang von Trips** | **Ferrari** | 55 | \+ 1:58.81 | 9 | **3** |
| 5 | 6 | **Tony Brooks** | **Cooper-Climax** | 49 | \+ 6 Laps | 12 | **2** |
| 6 | 16 | **Innes Ireland** | **Lotus-Climax** | 48 | \+ 7 Laps | 7 | **1** |
| 7 | 8 | Olivier Gendebien | Cooper-Climax | 46 | \+ 9 Laps | 14 |  |
| DSQ | 12 | Stirling Moss | Lotus-Climax | 51 | Disqualified | 4 |  |
| Ret | 32 | Mário de Araújo Cabral | Cooper-Maserati | 38 | Accident | 15 |  |
| Ret | 18 | John Surtees | Lotus-Climax | 37 | Radiator | 1 |  |
| Ret | 26 | Phil Hill | Ferrari | 30 | Accident | 10 |  |
| Ret | 24 | Dan Gurney | BRM | 25 | Engine | 2 |  |
| Ret | 30 | Masten Gregory | Cooper-Maserati | 21 | Gearbox | 11 |  |
| Ret | 22 | Graham Hill | BRM | 9 | Gearbox | 5 |  |
| Ret | 20 | Jo Bonnier | BRM | 6 | Engine | 13 |  |
| DNS | 10 | Henry Taylor | Cooper-Climax |  | Accident |  |  |
| Source: | | | | | | | |

## Championship standings after the race

* **Notes**: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings. Only the best 6 results counted towards each Championship. Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.

## InfoBox

| 1960 Portuguese Grand Prix | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Race details | | | |
| Date | 14 August 1960 | | |
| Official name | IX Portuguese Grand Prix | | |
| Location | Circuito da Boavista<br>Oporto (Porto), Portugal | | |
| Course | Public road | | |
| Course length | 7.4 km (4.625 miles) | | |
| Distance | 55 laps, 407 km (254.375 miles) | | |
| Pole position | | | |
| Driver |  | Lotus-Climax |
| Time | 2:25.56 | | |
| Fastest lap | | | |
| Driver | John Surtees | Lotus-Climax |
| Time | 2:27.53 on lap 33 | | |
| Podium | | | |
| First |  | Cooper-Climax |
| Second |  | Cooper-Climax |
| Third |  | Lotus-Climax |
| Lap leaders * | | | |


title: Moros during World War II

abstract: The Tausug Moros lived in the Sulu archipelago, which was traditionally ruled by the Sulu Sultanate. The Maguindanaon Moros lived on Mindanao, which was traditionally ruled by the Maguindanao Sultanate. The Maranao Moros lived around Lake Lanao, which was traditionally ruled by the Confederation of Sultanates in Lanao. They were invaded by the Americans during the Moro Rebellion and annexed into the Philippines. Among the anti-Japanese resistance the Tausug leader was Sulu Sultan Jainal Abirin II and the Chinese-Maguindanaon leader Datu Gumbay Pia. A few of the Maranao leaders were Datu Busran Kalaw, Salipada Pendatun, Sultan Alonto, and Sultan Dimaporo. Salipada Pendatun's brother-in-law, Major Datu Udtug, also fought against the Japanese, and in Cotabato, the focal area of the anti-Japanese resistance was Papalungan. The Moro juramentados performed suicide attacks against Japanese troops, as they had against the Spanish & Americans. An American prisoner-of-war, Herbert Zincke, recalled in his secret diary that the Japanese guarding him and other prisoners were scared of the Moro warriors and tried to keep as far away from them as possible to avoid getting attacked. US First Lieutenant Mel Amler recalled that some of the Moros would sometimes attack and stab Japanese, Filipino, and Americans and fight all of them at once. Neither the Moros nor the Japanese respected the Geneva Convention in regards to not attacking medics, the Moros out of ignorance and the Japanese since they had not signed the treaty. US General Robert L. Eichelberger saw a Japanese soldier who was captured by the Moros and feared being tortured at their hands, and he wanted Eichelberger to kill him to stop that from happening. A US prisoner-of-war, Victor L. Mapes, saw Japanese troops getting ambushed and slaughtered by Moro fighters with kris blades. The Moros are skilled at the sucker punch, and some Moros deliberately grabbed their own shoulder on Japanese bayonets to make it stay in place while they killed a Japanese soldier by using a bayonet or bolo with their other hand. Bladed weapons like the spear, tabar, campilan, barong, and kris were used by the Moro Lanao against the Japanese, according to Sa Ramain, to compensate for their lack of guns. Anti-Japanese Moro units like the Maranao Militia were led by Salipada Pendatun. Another anti-Japanese Moro unit, the Moro-Bolo Battalion was led by Datu Gumbay Piang and had about 20,000 men. Gumbay Piang's Cotabato Moros used Bolo knives to fight the Japanese, and swore that they would "fight to the last". An oath was sworn by Alonto, the Sultan of Ramain, and 10,000 other Moros in Lanao that they would fight to drive the Japanese out, and they sent a message that said, "We have prepared our bladed weapons because we lack firearms, and with sharp kris, barong, campilan, tabas and spear we will attack or defend as ordered." "and no mercy asked." Alonto said that "all fighting men of Lanao would like to sign their names, but they are too many." They promised to fight to the death against the Japanese and "swore upon the Koran". The Japanese demanded all natives in the Philippines to hand over anything that was a weapon or could be used as one, including Bolo knives. The order may have been because of the Moro pledge to fight the Japanese since the Moros were skilled with bladed weapons. US Captain Edward Kraus recommended Moro fighters for a suggested plan to capture an airbase in Lake Lanao for eventually driving the Japanese occupiers from the Philippines. The Moro Datu Pino sliced the ears of Japanese and cashed them in with the US guerilla leader Colonel Wendell Fertig at the exchange rate of a pair of ears for one bullet and 20 centavos. The Moro Maranao Datu Busran Kalaw was xenophobic toward all foreigners, and "fought both the Americans and the Japanese." Japanese Major Hiramatsu, a propaganda officer, tried to convince Kalaw that Japan was bombing the American mainland. The Japanese tried to convince Kalaw to join their side as "brother Orientals." Kalaw sent a response, which goaded Major Hiramatsu into sending a force of Japanese soldiers to attack him. Kalaw butchered it completely with no survivors. Kalaw's response also said, "Our ambushes will at least teach you respect for the Moros." Amer Manalao Mindalano, Datu Busran Kalaw, and Sultan Mohamad Ali Dimaporo were all Maranao Moro Muslim guerilla leaders who fought against the Japanese. Mohamad AH Dimaporo, Domocao Alonto, and Busran Kalaw commanded the largest resistance forces in the region. As a famous guerilla leader whose assaults were a "thorn in the side of the Japanese," Kalaw's anti-Japanese speech in Tamparan, which galvanized the people there in the struggle. Kalaw objected to the decision to surrender to the Japanese by US General Guy O. Fort, the commander of the USAFFE forces in Lanao in 1942. After the USAFFE had surrendered, Kalaw and other Maranao Moro leaders like Naguib Juanday, Manalao Mindalano and others organized their own resistance movements to fight the Japanese. Kalaw claimed that after the USAFFE surrender to the Japanese, General Guy Fort had let the Maranaos claim the USAFFE rifles. In the anti-Japanese resistance, the "strong leaders" had Kalaw among their number. The Maranao Moros fought the Japanese 108th Division almost every week from 1943 to October 1944 in Lanao, and 130 Japanese troops were slaughtered at towns around Lake Lanao on September 12, 1942. That led the Japanese to avoid the area, which freed Manalao Mindalano and Busran Kalaw's Maranao forces to fight the Japanese in the coastal northern region. The Cotabato and Lanao based anti-Japanese Maranao Muslim guerilla leaders included "Manalao Mindalano, Busran Kalaw of Momungan, Datu Laguindas of Ganasi, Joseph Sanguilla of Mumay and Madalum and Datu Buntalis of Masiu." Busran Kalaw had berny a teacher before the war and he became a major in the MMF anti-Japanese guerilla force. Kalaw had also been the town of Momungan's municipal treasurer. The resistance leader Kalaw's wife was a Christian Visayan, and he was a Muslim Maranao. The Pangampong also provided other Datus and Sultans, who commanded along with Busran Kalaw's resistance forces. Japanese Captain Taka Ichi was goaded by the Moro Datu Lacub and Datu Dimalaung of Basak into attacking them, and the Datus slaughtered all of the 125 Japanese soldiers. Davao, in Mindanao, had a large population of Japanese immigrants who acted as a fifth column by welcoming the Japanese invaders during the war. The Japanese were hated by the Moros and disliked by the Chinese. The Moros were judged as "fully capable of dealing with Japanese fifth columnists and invaders alike." The Moros were to fight the Japanese invaders when they landed at Davao on Mindanao. The Japanese went back to their ships at night to sleep since the Moros struck so much fear into them even though the Moro were outnumbered by the Japanese. It was reported that most of Mindanao was dominated by Moro, Filipino, and American guerilla forces during the Japanese occupation. The Moros had cleared the Japanese from the Muslim areas of Mindanao six months before the Americans returned to liberate the Philippines at the Battle of Leyte. The Moros then joined in on the battle to liberate the rest of Mindanao from the Japanese in 1945. The Moro Muslims had nearly exterminated the occupying Japanese soldiers in Sulu before the Americans returned, and the Japanese were constantly attacked by Muslim guerillas. Nur Misuari's Moro National Liberation Front faction stated that the Japanese "exhibited tyranny, cruelty and inhumanity at its lowest level" and "had to suffer their worst defeat and highest death mortality at the hands of the Bangsamoro freedom fighters." It wrote that compared to the Japanese casualty rate in the Visayas and Luzon, the number of Japanese imperialists slaughtered by the Moro freedom fighters was greater by the thousands and that there was no capitulation like the fall of Bataan to the Japanese by the Moros although the Luzon Filipinos has surrendered. The MNLF said that the Japanese, American, and Spanish cruelty has been continued by Filipino rule. A Muslim cleric from the Sulu in the Philippines, Imam Marajukim, helped supply Chinese and Suluk Muslim guerillas under Albert Kwok on British Borneo who were fighting the Japanese. Suluks were described as "strongly disposed to be anti-Japanese." Imam Marajukim helped the Chinese secure the indigenous participation in the uprising by Panglima Ali's Suluks, the Mantanni and Danawan (Dinawan) Islands Binadan inhabitants, and Oudar Islanders under Orang Tuah Arshad. The Imperial Japanese Navy medic Akira Makino revealed that while he was stationed on Mindanao, at Zamboanga, from December 1944 to February 1945, he and other Japanese troops in Unit 731 had killed Moro Muslim prisoners by beheading or performed vivisections on them by cutting them open while they were alive to study their internal organs, and the Japanese had also forced the Moros to dig their own graves. Some of the weapons that were used by the Moros against the Japanese were reused by the Moro insurgency in the Philippines.

text:
# Moros during World War II

The Tausug Moros lived in the Sulu archipelago, which was traditionally ruled by the Sulu Sultanate. The Maguindanaon Moros lived on Mindanao, which was traditionally ruled by the Maguindanao Sultanate. The Maranao Moros lived around Lake Lanao, which was traditionally ruled by the Confederation of Sultanates in Lanao (Pat a Pangampong a Ranao). They were invaded by the Americans during the Moro Rebellion and annexed into the Philippines. Among the anti-Japanese resistance the Tausug leader was Sulu Sultan Jainal Abirin II and the Chinese-Maguindanaon leader Datu Gumbay Pia. A few of the Maranao leaders were Datu Busran Kalaw, Salipada Pendatun, Sultan Alonto, and Sultan Dimaporo. Salipada Pendatun's brother-in-law, Major Datu Udtug, also fought against the Japanese, and in Cotabato, the focal area of the anti-Japanese resistance was Papalungan.

The Moro juramentados performed suicide attacks against Japanese troops, as they had against the Spanish & Americans. An American prisoner-of-war, Herbert Zincke, recalled in his secret diary that the Japanese guarding him and other prisoners were scared of the Moro warriors and tried to keep as far away from them as possible to avoid getting attacked. US First Lieutenant Mel Amler recalled that some of the Moros would sometimes attack and stab Japanese, Filipino, and Americans and fight all of them at once. Neither the Moros nor the Japanese respected the Geneva Convention in regards to not attacking medics, the Moros out of ignorance and the Japanese since they had not signed the treaty. US General Robert L. Eichelberger saw a Japanese soldier who was captured by the Moros and feared being tortured at their hands, and he wanted Eichelberger to kill him to stop that from happening. A US prisoner-of-war, Victor L. Mapes, saw Japanese troops getting ambushed and slaughtered by Moro fighters with kris blades. The Moros are skilled at the sucker punch, and some Moros deliberately grabbed their own shoulder on Japanese bayonets to make it stay in place while they killed a Japanese soldier by using a bayonet or bolo with their other hand.

Bladed weapons like the spear, tabar, campilan, barong, and kris were used by the Moro Lanao against the Japanese, according to Sa Ramain, to compensate for their lack of guns.

Anti-Japanese Moro units like the Maranao Militia were led by Salipada Pendatun. Another anti-Japanese Moro unit, the Moro-Bolo Battalion was led by Datu Gumbay Piang and had about 20,000 men. Gumbay Piang's Cotabato Moros used Bolo knives to fight the Japanese, and swore that they would "fight to the last". An oath was sworn by Alonto, the Sultan of Ramain, and 10,000 other Moros in Lanao that they would fight to drive the Japanese out, and they sent a message that said, "We have prepared our bladed weapons because we lack firearms, and with sharp kris, barong, campilan, tabas and spear we will attack or defend as ordered." "and no mercy asked." Alonto said that "all fighting men of Lanao would like to sign their names, but they are too many." They promised to fight to the death against the Japanese and "swore upon the Koran". The Japanese demanded all natives in the Philippines to hand over anything that was a weapon or could be used as one, including Bolo knives. The order may have been because of the Moro pledge to fight the Japanese since the Moros were skilled with bladed weapons. US Captain Edward Kraus recommended Moro fighters for a suggested plan to capture an airbase in Lake Lanao for eventually driving the Japanese occupiers from the Philippines.

The Moro Datu Pino sliced the ears of Japanese and cashed them in with the US guerilla leader Colonel Wendell Fertig at the exchange rate of a pair of ears for one bullet and 20 centavos.

The Moro Maranao Datu Busran Kalaw was xenophobic toward all foreigners, and "fought both the Americans and the Japanese." Japanese Major Hiramatsu, a propaganda officer, tried to convince Kalaw that Japan was bombing the American mainland. The Japanese tried to convince Kalaw to join their side as "brother Orientals." Kalaw sent a response, which goaded Major Hiramatsu into sending a force of Japanese soldiers to attack him. Kalaw butchered it completely with no survivors. Kalaw's response also said, "Our ambushes will at least teach you respect for the Moros." Amer Manalao Mindalano, Datu Busran Kalaw, and Sultan Mohamad Ali Dimaporo were all Maranao Moro Muslim guerilla leaders who fought against the Japanese. Mohamad AH Dimaporo, Domocao Alonto, and Busran Kalaw commanded the largest resistance forces in the region. As a famous guerilla leader whose assaults were a "thorn in the side of the Japanese," Kalaw's anti-Japanese speech in Tamparan, which galvanized the people there in the struggle. Kalaw objected to the decision to surrender to the Japanese by US General Guy O. Fort, the commander of the USAFFE forces in Lanao in 1942. After the USAFFE had surrendered, Kalaw and other Maranao Moro leaders like Naguib Juanday, Manalao Mindalano and others organized their own resistance movements to fight the Japanese. Kalaw claimed that after the USAFFE surrender to the Japanese, General Guy Fort had let the Maranaos claim the USAFFE rifles. In the anti-Japanese resistance, the "strong leaders" had Kalaw among their number.

The Maranao Moros fought the Japanese 108th Division almost every week from 1943 to October 1944 in Lanao (southern Mindanao), and 130 Japanese troops were slaughtered at towns around Lake Lanao on September 12, 1942. That led the Japanese to avoid the area, which freed Manalao Mindalano and Busran Kalaw's Maranao forces to fight the Japanese in the coastal northern region.

The Cotabato and Lanao based anti-Japanese Maranao Muslim guerilla leaders included "Manalao Mindalano, Busran Kalaw of Momungan, Datu Laguindas of Ganasi, Joseph Sanguilla of Mumay and Madalum and Datu Buntalis of Masiu." Busran Kalaw had berny a teacher before the war and he became a major in the MMF anti-Japanese guerilla force. Kalaw had also been the town of Momungan's municipal treasurer. The resistance leader Kalaw's wife was a Christian Visayan, and he was a Muslim Maranao. The *Pangampong* also provided other Datus and Sultans, who commanded along with Busran Kalaw's resistance forces.

Japanese Captain Taka Ichi was goaded by the Moro Datu Lacub and Datu Dimalaung of Basak into attacking them, and the Datus slaughtered all of the 125 Japanese soldiers.

Davao, in Mindanao, had a large population of Japanese immigrants who acted as a fifth column by welcoming the Japanese invaders during the war. The Japanese were hated by the Moros and disliked by the Chinese. The Moros were judged as "fully capable of dealing with Japanese fifth columnists and invaders alike." The Moros were to fight the Japanese invaders when they landed at Davao on Mindanao. The Japanese went back to their ships at night to sleep since the Moros struck so much fear into them even though the Moro were outnumbered by the Japanese.

It was reported that most of Mindanao was dominated by Moro, Filipino, and American guerilla forces during the Japanese occupation. The Moros had cleared the Japanese from the Muslim areas of Mindanao six months before the Americans returned to liberate the Philippines at the Battle of Leyte. The Moros then joined in on the battle to liberate the rest of Mindanao from the Japanese in 1945. The Moro Muslims had nearly exterminated the occupying Japanese soldiers in Sulu before the Americans returned, and the Japanese were constantly attacked by Muslim guerillas.

Nur Misuari's Moro National Liberation Front faction stated that the Japanese "exhibited tyranny, cruelty and inhumanity at its lowest level" and "had to suffer their worst defeat and highest death mortality at the hands of the Bangsamoro freedom fighters." It wrote that compared to the Japanese casualty rate in the Visayas and Luzon, the number of Japanese imperialists slaughtered by the Moro freedom fighters was greater by the thousands and that there was no capitulation like the fall of Bataan to the Japanese by the Moros although the Luzon Filipinos has surrendered. The MNLF said that the Japanese, American, and Spanish cruelty has been continued by Filipino rule.

A Muslim cleric from the Sulu in the Philippines, Imam Marajukim, helped supply Chinese and Suluk Muslim guerillas under Albert Kwok on British Borneo who were fighting the Japanese. Suluks were described as "strongly disposed to be anti-Japanese." Imam Marajukim helped the Chinese secure the indigenous participation in the uprising by Panglima Ali's Suluks, the Mantanni and Danawan (Dinawan) Islands Binadan inhabitants, and Oudar Islanders under Orang Tuah Arshad.

The Imperial Japanese Navy medic Akira Makino revealed that while he was stationed on Mindanao, at Zamboanga, from December 1944 to February 1945, he and other Japanese troops in Unit 731 had killed Moro Muslim prisoners by beheading or performed vivisections on them by cutting them open while they were alive to study their internal organs, and the Japanese had also forced the Moros to dig their own graves.

Some of the weapons that were used by the Moros against the Japanese were reused by the Moro insurgency in the Philippines.


title: Mount Carmel Area School District

abstract: Mount Carmel Area School District is a small, rural, public school district in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania. The district is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania. It serves Mount Carmel, Kulpmont, Marion Heights, and Mount Carmel Township in Northumberland County, as well as the borough of Centralia in Columbia County. The Mount Carmel Area School District encompasses approximately 24 square miles (62 km⁲). According to 2000 local census data, it served a resident population of 12,815. By 2010, the district's population declined to 12,555 people. The educational attainment levels for the school district population were 85.3% high school graduates and 14.3% college graduates. According to the Pennsylvania Budget and Policy Center, 69.2% of the district's pupils lived at or below the Federal Poverty level as shown by their eligibility for the federal free or reduced price school meal programs in 2012. In 2009, Mount Carmel Area School District residents' per capita income was $15,294, while the median family income was $35,239. In Northumberland County, the median household income was $38,397. In the Commonwealth, the median family income was $49,501 and the United States median family income was $49,445, in 2010. By 2013, the median household income in the United States rose to $52,100. Mount Carmel Area School District operates two schools: Mount Carmel Area Elementary School, and Mount Carmel Area Junior/Senior High. The district also provides taxpayer funded, full-day preschool for 4-year-olds. In 2015, more than 51 Mount Carmel Area pupils attend full-time cyber school. The district does not offer its own cyber school program. The pupils attend any of the 13 cyber schools operating in Pennsylvania in 2015, including locally operated SusQ Cyber Charter School. Mount Carmel Area High School students may choose to attend Northumberland County Career Technology Center for training in the building trades, culinary arts and cosmetology as well as other careers. The Central Susquehanna Intermediate Unit CSIU16 provides the district with a wide variety of services like specialized education for disabled students and hearing, speech and visual disability services and professional development for staff and faculty.

text:
# Mount Carmel Area School District

**Mount Carmel Area School District** is a small, rural, public school district in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania. The district is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania. It serves Mount Carmel, Kulpmont, Marion Heights, and Mount Carmel Township in Northumberland County, as well as the borough of Centralia in Columbia County. The Mount Carmel Area School District encompasses approximately 24 square miles (62 km2). According to 2000 local census data, it served a resident population of 12,815. By 2010, the district's population declined to 12,555 people. The educational attainment levels for the school district population (25 years old and over) were 85.3% high school graduates and 14.3% college graduates.

According to the Pennsylvania Budget and Policy Center, 69.2% of the district's pupils lived at or below the Federal Poverty level as shown by their eligibility for the federal free or reduced price school meal programs in 2012. In 2009, Mount Carmel Area School District residents' per capita income was $15,294, while the median family income was $35,239. In Northumberland County, the median household income was $38,397. In the Commonwealth, the median family income was $49,501 and the United States median family income was $49,445, in 2010. By 2013, the median household income in the United States rose to $52,100.

Mount Carmel Area School District operates two schools: Mount Carmel Area Elementary School, and Mount Carmel Area Junior/Senior High. The district also provides taxpayer funded, full-day preschool for 4-year-olds. In 2015, more than 51 Mount Carmel Area pupils attend full-time cyber school. The district does not offer its own cyber school program. The pupils attend any of the 13 cyber schools operating in Pennsylvania in 2015, including locally operated SusQ Cyber Charter School.

Mount Carmel Area High School students may choose to attend Northumberland County Career Technology Center for training in the building trades, culinary arts and cosmetology as well as other careers. The Central Susquehanna Intermediate Unit CSIU16 provides the district with a wide variety of services like specialized education for disabled students and hearing, speech and visual disability services and professional development for staff and faculty.

## Extracurriculars

The Mount Carmel Area School District offers a variety of clubs, activities and an extensive sports program. The Mount Carmel Area School District is a Division I member of the Pennsylvania Heartland Athletic Conference. The Pennsylvania Heartland Athletic Conference is a voluntary association of 25 PIAA High Schools within the central Pennsylvania region.

Mount Carmel Area School District operates an indoor pool which it rents to the general public for pool parties.

### Sports

The district funds:

Junior high school sports   * According to PIAA directory July 2012 Updated according to PIAA directory July 2014.

## InfoBox

| Mount Carmel Area School District | |
| --- | --- |
| Shows a portion of Mount Carmel ASD | |
| Address | |
| 600 West 5th Street Mount Carmel, Northumberland County, Columbia County, Pennsylvania, 17851
United States | |
| District information | |
| Type | Public |
| Students and staff | |
| Colors | Red and white |
| Other information | |
| Website | www.mca.k12.pa.us |


title: Morris I. Leibman

abstract: Morris I. Leibman was an American attorney. He was a partner at Sidley Austin and the founder of United States Institute of Peace and a Chicago-based think tank called the National Strategy Forum. Leibman served on the Board of Trustees of Loyola University Chicago from 1971 to 1981; he was the board's first Jewish member and served mainly with Jesuits earning him the nickname "the Jewish Jesuit." He graduated from the University of Chicago Law School in 1933. He served as a civilian aide-at-large to the United States Secretary of the Army from 1964 to 1979, and he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Ronald Reagan in 1981.

text:
# Morris I. Leibman

**Morris I. Leibman** (died April 21, 1992) was an American attorney. He was a partner at Sidley Austin and the founder of United States Institute of Peace and a Chicago-based think tank called the National Strategy Forum. Leibman served on the Board of Trustees of Loyola University Chicago from 1971 to 1981; he was the board's first Jewish member and served mainly with Jesuits earning him the nickname "the Jewish Jesuit." He graduated from the University of Chicago Law School in 1933. He served as a civilian aide-at-large to the United States Secretary of the Army from 1964 to 1979, and he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Ronald Reagan in 1981.

## InfoBox

| Morris I. Leibman | |
| --- | --- |
| Died | April 21, 1992<br>Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Alma mater | University of Chicago Law School |
| Occupation | Attorney |
| Spouse | Mary Leibman |
| Children | 2 sons |


title: Motike, Drvar

abstract: Motike is a village in the Municipality of Drvar, Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

text:
# Motike, Drvar

**Motike** (Serbian Cyrillic: Мотике) is a village in the Municipality of Drvar, Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 28.

Ethnicity in 2013
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Serbs | 27 | 96.4% |
| other/undeclared | 1 | 3.6% |
| **Total** | **28** | **100%** |

## Footnotes

## Bibliography

* *Ethnicity/National Affiliation, Religion and Mother Tongue* (PDF). Sarajevo: Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 2019.

44°16′48″N 16°35′08″E / 44.28000°N 16.58556°E / 44.28000; 16.58556

## InfoBox

| Motike Мотике | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Motike | |
| Coordinates: 44°16′48″N 16°35′08″E / 44.28000°N 16.58556°E / 44.28000; 16.58556 | |
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity | Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Canton | Canton 10 |
| Municipality | Drvar |
| Area | |
| Total | 10.89 km2 (4.20 sq mi) |
| Population (2013) | |
| Total | 28 |
| Density | 2.6/km2 (6.7/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |