abstract: University of Lahore, established in 2002, is a private university located on 1-km Defence Road, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The University College of Medicine and Dentistry is registered with Pakistan Medical and Dental Council since 2007. The degree-awarding university is University of Lahore. Admission in MBBS and BDS is governed by UHS. The university is approved by The Ministry of Health. University Dental Hospital and University Teaching Hospital are attached as training and teaching hospitals. The college enrolls 150 students for 5-year MBBS and 75 students for BDS each year. In October 2019, Pakistan Medical & Dental Council (PMDC) ranked UCMD in A+ Category with 95% scoring in their recent inspection among 169 public and private medical colleges with Pakistan. UCMD now stands among Top 10 Medical Colleges of Pakistan. The college is famous for its lush green, purpose-built campus and good international rankings of the degree awarding University. Its modular system of education is inspired by Harvard Medical school and Aga Khan Medical University which give the students a better exposure to advanced study scheme.

text:
# University College of Medicine and Dentistry

**University of Lahore** (abbreviated as **UoL**), established in 2002, is a private university located on 1-km Defence Road, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The University College of Medicine and Dentistry is registered with Pakistan Medical and Dental Council since 2007. The degree-awarding university is University of Lahore. Admission in MBBS and BDS is governed by UHS. The university is approved by The Ministry of Health. University Dental Hospital and University Teaching Hospital are attached as training and teaching hospitals. The college enrolls 150 students for 5-year MBBS and 75 students for BDS each year. In October 2019, Pakistan Medical & Dental Council (PMDC) ranked UCMD in A+ Category with 95% scoring in their recent inspection among 169 public and private medical colleges with Pakistan. UCMD now stands among Top 10 Medical Colleges of Pakistan. The college is famous for its lush green, purpose-built campus and good international rankings of the degree awarding University. Its modular system of education is inspired by Harvard Medical school and Aga Khan Medical University which give the students a better exposure to advanced study scheme.

## Programs offered

**Undergraduate Programs:-**

* Bachelor of Medicine & Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS)
* Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS)

**Postgraduate Programs:-**

* MSc. Public Health
* MSc. International Health
* MSc. Medical Education
* MDS (Dentistry)
* Fellowship in Oral & Maxillo-facial Surgery (FCPS)
* Fellowship in Internal Medicine ,FCPS MEDICINE
* Fellowship in Ophthalmology, FCPS OPHTHALMOLOGY
* Fellowship in gynaecology £ Obstrectics,FCPS GYNAE N OBS
* MCPS FAMILY MEDICINE
* MCPS RADIOLOGY
* MCPS GYNAE OBS
* Fellowship in Orthodontics (FCPS)
* FCPS UROLOGY
* FCPS ORTHOPEDICS
* FCPS GENERAL SURGERY
* FCPS PEADS
* FCPS DERMATOLOGY
* FCPS Anaesthesia
* FCPS Pharmacology

**MPhil/PhD Programs:-**

* MPhil Physiology
* MPhil Microbiology
* MPhil Biochemistry
* PhD Physiology
* PhD Microbiology
* PhD Biochemistry

## Teaching hospitals

* University of Lahore Teaching Hospital
* University of Lahore Dental Hospital
* Nawaz Sharif Social Security Hospital
* Al-Khidmat Hospital, Lahore
* Sehat Medical Complex (SMC)

## Student life

* Library Facilities
* Sports Facilities
* Transport
* IT Facilities
* IT Helpdesk
* Hostels/Accommodation
* Gym (UOL Club)
* Catering & Cafeteria
* Finance & Scholarships
* Medical & Dental Health
* Swimming pool

## Affiliations

Pakistan Medical & Dental Council & University of Health Sciences

```
(PMDC)
```

()

UHS ()

12 36

## InfoBox

University College of Medicine and Dentistry (UCMD)
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Medical school, Dental school |
| Established | 2001 |
| Chairman | Irfan Borana |
| Rector | Ghazanfar Hussain Khokhar |
| Principal | Syed Talha Shah |
| Dean | Ammar Shakoor Gurpala |
| Academic staff | 254+ |
| Location | Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan |
| Affiliations |  |
| Website | ucmd.uol.edu.pk |


title: Montenegro Stock Exchange

abstract: The Montenegro Stock Exchange (MNSE) is a stock exchange located in Podgorica, Montenegro. It is Montenegro's only stock exchange. The MNSE was founded 1993, and is a member of the World Federation of Exchanges, Federation of European Securities Exchanges and Federation of Euro-Asian Stock Exchanges. As of 10 January 2011, it fully incorporated NEX Stock Exchange, also in Podgorica, forming a single Montenegrin capital market. Trading on the MNSE consists of short and long term securities, six investment funds, bonds, and shares from government funds portfolios. The MONEX20 and MONEXPIF are the principal stock indices of the Montenegro Stock Exchange.

text:
# Montenegro Stock Exchange

The **Montenegro Stock Exchange (MNSE)** (Montenegrin: *Montenegroberza AD*) is a stock exchange located in Podgorica, Montenegro. It is Montenegro's only stock exchange.

The MNSE was founded 1993, and is a member of the World Federation of Exchanges, Federation of European Securities Exchanges and Federation of Euro-Asian Stock Exchanges. As of 10 January 2011, it fully incorporated NEX Stock Exchange, also in Podgorica, forming a single Montenegrin capital market.

Trading on the MNSE consists of short and long term securities, six investment funds, bonds, and shares from government funds portfolios. The MONEX20 and MONEXPIF are the principal stock indices of the Montenegro Stock Exchange.

## History

Montenegro Stock Exchange was established in June 1993, pursuant to the Law on Money and the Capital Market. The first shareholders of the Stock Exchange were the state itself and four national banks:

* Montenegrobanka A.D. Podgorica;
* Pljevaljska banka A.D. Pljevlja;
* Beranska banka A.D. Berane;
* Hipotekarna banka A.D. Podgorica

In 1995, the Montenegro Stock Exchange harmonized its business activities with the Law on Stock Exchange, Stock Exchange Activities and Agents. In the meantime, there has been a redefinition of the State of Yugoslavia and certain authority of the federal institutions were taken by the institutions established in the Republic of Montenegro.

Following the adoption of the Law on Securities, pursuant to its terms, the Montenegro Stock Exchange was recapitalized through the issue of new shares. After taking authority from Federal Commission of Yugoslavia for the Securities and Financial Markets, in December 2000, the Commission for Securities of the Republic of Montenegro, has given, after determining the fulfillment of all the necessary preconditions, the Montenegro Stock Exchange a business license.

In the period from 1994 to 2000,the Montenegro Stock Exchange traded mostly gyro money and short-term securities, as it was allowed by the existing legislation. The first brokerage houses in Montenegro were established in 1996, and those were CG Broker, Holder broker and Monte Adria Broker. The transfer of authority of regulating securities markets from the Former Republic of Yugoslavia to its member states required the adoption of the Montenegrin Law on Securities, which did not regulate the issue of short-term securities or trading with them. In this manner, following the adoption of the aforementioned Law, in Montenegro Stock Exchange are trading long-term debt and equity securities.

On 20 September 2001, six Montenegrin financial institutions and Brokers Business Association founded the New Securities Exchange of Montenegro. In this period, the activities on the Montenegro Stock Exchange were running very low (due to the failure to meet the legal requirements for trade in securities). Montenegro Stock Exchange completed the final harmonization with the Law on Securities Montenegro in 2004, which led to a situation in which, until the end of 2010, there were two stock exchanges operating. The start of operations of the New Securities Exchange of Montenegro is significant because for the first time in Montenegro capital market transaction were executing by electronic trading system.

In the beginning of 2011, the two Montenegrin stock exchanges were integrated, through the merge of the New Securities Exchange of Montenegro to the Montenegro Stock Exchange. The first working day on the single Montenegro Stock Exchange was 10 January 2011.

In overall shareholder structure of the Montenegro Stock Exchange twelve financial institutions from Montenegro participate with approximately of 93% ownership.

## InfoBox

Montenegro Stock Exchange
| Type | Stock exchange |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Podgorica, Montenegro |
| Founded | 1993 |
| Owner | Publicly owned company |
| Key people | Đorđe Đurđić (Chairman) <br>MSc Gojko Maksimović (CEO) |
| Currency | Euro |
| No. of listings | 410 (January 2013) |
| Market cap | US$3.87 billion (February 2013) |
| Indices | MONEX20, MONEXPIF |
| Website | www.mnse.me |


title: Sarah Emerson

abstract: Sarah Emerson is an artist based in Atlanta, Georgia who is best known for her landscape paintings of hyper-stylized versions of nature. Her work draws inspiration from "battlefields, war propaganda, literature, and idyllic gardens." Emerson is represented by Whitespace Gallery in Atlanta, Georgia. Emerson attended the Atlanta College of Art and received a Master's Degree from Goldsmiths College in London, England. Her work has been exhibited throughout North America and Europe. In 2010 her work was featured in Manif d'art 5, the fifth edition of the Quebec City Biennial, Catastrophe? What Catastrophe!, curated by Sylvie Fortin and in Flux Projects Atlanta. Her work was also included in Noplaceness, published by Atlanta Art Now in 2011, and in 2012 she was featured in the 100th edition of New American Paintings. Her work has been in recent shows at the Atlanta Contemporary Art Center, the Dalton Gallery at Agnes Scott College, and Mason Muer Fine Art. Other recent projects include murals for the 2012 Living Walls Conference and the Elevate/Art Above Underground Atlanta public art project. Emerson is a faculty member of Agnes Scott College's Visual Arts Department and currently teaches drawing and painting.

text:
# Sarah Emerson

**Sarah Emerson** is an artist based in Atlanta, Georgia who is best known for her landscape paintings of hyper-stylized versions of nature. Her work draws inspiration from "battlefields, war propaganda, literature, and idyllic gardens." Emerson is represented by Whitespace Gallery in Atlanta, Georgia.

Emerson attended the Atlanta College of Art and received a Master's Degree from Goldsmiths College in London, England. Her work has been exhibited throughout North America and Europe. In 2010 her work was featured in Manif d'art 5, the fifth edition of the Quebec City Biennial, *Catastrophe? What Catastrophe!*, curated by Sylvie Fortin and in Flux Projects Atlanta. Her work was also included in *Noplaceness*, published by Atlanta Art Now in 2011, and in 2012 she was featured in the 100th edition of New American Paintings. Her work has been in recent shows at the Atlanta Contemporary Art Center, the Dalton Gallery at Agnes Scott College, and Mason Muer Fine Art. Other recent projects include murals for the 2012 Living Walls Conference and the Elevate/Art Above Underground Atlanta public art project. Emerson is a faculty member of Agnes Scott College's Visual Arts Department and currently teaches drawing and painting.

## Images


title: Masters of Harmony

abstract: Founded in 1985 with just a few dozen men, the Masters of Harmony is a 110-member men's chorus, based in Greater Los Angeles, California. Winner of eight consecutive gold medals (1990–2011) in international barbershop chorus competitions, the group possesses a diverse repertoire encompassing not only barbershop music but also classical, jazz, patriotic, sacred, standards and Broadway pops, and sings for various groups and organizations throughout the greater Los Angeles, California metropolitan area. The chorus won another barbershop international competition in 2017, bringing their total gold medal count to nine.

text:
# Masters of Harmony

Founded in 1985 with just a few dozen men, the **Masters of Harmony** is a 110-member men's chorus, based in Greater Los Angeles, California. Winner of eight consecutive gold medals (1990–2011) in international barbershop chorus competitions, the group possesses a diverse repertoire encompassing not only barbershop music but also classical, jazz, patriotic, sacred, standards and Broadway pops, and sings for various groups and organizations throughout the greater Los Angeles, California metropolitan area. The chorus won another barbershop international competition in 2017, bringing their total gold medal count to nine.

## History

The Masters of Harmony began in the mid-1980s when a small group of barbershop singers from the Pasadena, California Chapter of the Barbershop Harmony Society (SPEBSQSA, Inc.) decided to break away and start a new chapter "dedicated to musical excellence," a phrase that became its slogan. The group obtained a chapter license in the spring of 1985 and then its charter at the Far Western District barbershop singing convention in October 1985. The chapter's original name, Foothill Cities, was derived from the series of towns that ran along the southern base of the San Gabriel Mountains, an area where most of the organizers then lived. In 1987 the chapter relocated its rehearsals to the Town Center in the City of Santa Fe Springs, California, and in 1998 changed its official name to that of the Santa Fe Springs Chapter. This relationship ended in 2019 and the chapter has now changed its official name to the Greater Los Angeles Chapter. Over the course of its existence, the chorus has been led by five primary music directors: Dr. Greg Lyne (1987–1996), Jeff Oxley (1998–1999), Mark Hale (2000–2012), Justin Miller (2012–2019), and Alan Gordon (2019–present).

## Contest successes

Under the directorship of Dr. Lyne, in October 1988 the Masters of Harmony won the Far Western District chorus contest, thus qualifying for the Society-wide annual competition the following year. In July 1989 the chorus placed fourth at the international contest held in Kansas City, Missouri. The next year, in July 1990 in San Francisco, the chorus won the international chorus championship in a dramatic tiebreaker against the Louisville Thoroughbreds. In July 1993, when the chorus was next eligible to compete, it again won the international championship, this time in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Three years later, in July 1996 in Salt Lake City, Utah, the chorus achieved its third international chorus championship.

At the 1999 international competition in Anaheim, California, the Masters of Harmony, now directed by Jeff Oxley, won its fourth consecutive chorus championship. On April 1, 2000, Mark Hale was appointed the new music director and led the chorus to four more consecutive victories: 2002 (Portland, Oregon), 2005 (Salt Lake City, Utah), 2008 (Nashville, Tennessee), and 2011 (Kansas City, Missouri).

In early 2012, Hale announced that he would retire as director following the chorus's performances as reigning champion at the July 2012 international convention in Portland, Oregon, and in August of that year Justin Miller was appointed the new director of the Masters of Harmony.

The chorus next competed at the July 2014 International Chorus Contest in Las Vegas, Nevada, finishing in second place under the direction of Justin Miller. The silver-medal performance scored 2854 out of a possible 3000 points (95.1%) and ranks among the best in the history of the chorus.

At the July 2016 International Chorus Contest in Nashville, Tennessee, the chorus earned third-place under the direction of Justin Miller. The bronze-medal performance scored 2783 out of a possible 3000 points (94.0%). The following year in Las Vegas, the chorus earned first place with a score of 2893 (96.4%), only 8 points more than their closest competitor.

At the 2022 International Chorus Contest in Charlotte, North Carolina, the chorus competed and placed sixth.

## Quartet successes

On three occasions, quartets consisting of four active chorus members of the Masters of Harmony won the International Quartet Championship: Nightlife (1996), OC Times (2008), and Masterpiece (2013). Three other International Champion Quartets won while some of their members were also active with the chorus: Revival (1998), Michigan Jake (2001), and Gotcha! (2004). On two occasions the International College Quartet Championship was won by quartets consisting of young men who were all active members of the Masters of Harmony: The Vagrants (2009) and The Newfangled Four (2013), and many other chorus members have sung in quartets which have won District championships.

## Community outreach

Since 2001, the Masters of Harmony have organized and sponsored an annual "Young Men's Harmony Festival" that brings together nearly 200 young men from high schools throughout Southern California for a day-long clinic and rehearsal, followed by an evening performance for the public.

This program has been endorsed by the Southern California Vocal Association (SCVA), a professional organization of choral music teachers that serves the Southern California area. Mark Freedkin has been the driving force for this activity since 1995. As a result of his efforts, the SCVA created the new position of "VP of Barbershop Harmony Festivals" and named Freedkin to serve in that role.

## Awards and recognition


title: Muhammad Rapsel Ali

abstract: Muhammad Rapsel Ali was an Indonesian businessman and politician who served as a member of the House of Representatives between 2019 and his death in 2023 representing South Sulawesi I electoral district.

text:
# Muhammad Rapsel Ali

**Muhammad Rapsel Ali** (6 May 1971 – 9 April 2023) was an Indonesian businessman and politician who served as a member of the House of Representatives between 2019 and his death in 2023 representing South Sulawesi I electoral district.

## Early life

Ali was born on Selayar Island on 6 May 1971. He graduated high school in Makassar in 1989. He was the first child of Muhammad Ali Gandong and Basdiaty Ali, and spent his childhood in Makassar.

## Career

During his business career, Ali chaired the South Sulawesi branches of the Indonesian Distributors' Association and the Indonesian Construction Businessmen Association between 1997 and 2003. He was active in the shipping and service industries, and briefly owned an event organiser company.

In 2019, Ali ran as a candidate for the People's Representative Council for South Sulawesi's 1st electoral district. He won 43,382 votes and was elected as the only Nasdem Party member from the electoral district. Ali was the only one out of 575 elected legislators who had not submitted a wealth assessment by the General Elections Commission (KPU) deadline of 7 September 2019, and thus KPU had to separately provide a recommendation to the president to allow for Ali's inauguration after his late submission of the necessary documents on 10 September. Within the council, he was part of the sixth commission overseeing industry, investment, and business competition.

## Personal life and death

Ali married Siti Nur Azizah, the fourth daughter of the vice-president of Indonesia, Ma'ruf Amin, in 2019. He had five children. He was a fan of cruiser motorcycles, and was active in related automotive associations. He also founded a motorcycle racing team, Mandalika Racing Team Indonesia. His younger brother, Muhammad Basli Ali, served as regent of Selayar Islands Regency.

On 9 April 2023, during a visit to his constituency in Makassar, Ali experienced a sudden heart attack. Although he was rushed to a hospital, he was pronounced dead prior to arriving there. He was 51. He was buried with a military funeral the following day at the Panaikang Heroes Cemetery in Makassar.

## InfoBox

| Muhammad Rapsel Ali | |
| --- | --- |
| Muhammad Rapsel Ali in 2020 | |
|  | |
| Member of the House of Representatives | |
| **In office**
1 October 2019  9 April 2023 | |
| Succeeded by | Indira Chunda Thita Syahrul |
| Constituency | South Sulawesi I |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1971-05-06)6 May 1971
Selayar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia |
| Died | 9 April 2023(2023-04-09) (aged 51)
Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia |
| Political party | Nasdem (2018–2023) |
| Other political
affiliations | Golkar (2017–2018) |
| Spouse | Siti Nur Azizah Ma'ruf |
| Children | 5 |
|  | |


title: Paul von Klieben

abstract: Paul von Klieben was the key employee of Walter Knott in the early years of Knott’s Berry Farm and the restoration of the ghost town of Calico, California. He started his career in Chicago as a commercial artist and portrait painter. In 1941, he joined Knott’s Berry Farm in Buena Park, California as a staff artist, then served as art director there from 1943 until 1953. He traveled to ghost towns in the West, and designed most of the Ghost Town section of Knott’s Berry Farm. He created concept art for most of the buildings that were built there. He also drew up floor plans, oversaw the construction of buildings, and even spent some time painting concrete to look like natural rock. His Old West paintings and murals adorned the walls of many structures in the park, and his art was used extensively on menus, brochures, catalogs and other Knott’s documents.

text:
# Paul von Klieben

**Paul von Klieben** (17 March 1891  14 June 1953) was the key employee of Walter Knott in the early years of Knott’s Berry Farm and the restoration of the ghost town of Calico, California. He started his career in Chicago as a commercial artist and portrait painter. In 1941, he joined Knott’s Berry Farm in Buena Park, California as a staff artist, then served as art director there from 1943 until 1953. He traveled to ghost towns in the West, and designed most of the Ghost Town section of Knott’s Berry Farm. He created concept art for most of the buildings that were built there. He also drew up floor plans, oversaw the construction of buildings, and even spent some time painting concrete to look like natural rock. His Old West paintings and murals adorned the walls of many structures in the park, and his art was used extensively on menus, brochures, catalogs and other Knott’s documents.

## Early years

Paul von Klieben (pronounced “Kleeben”) was born Paul Anton Kliebenstein in Bildstock, Germany on March 17, 1891, the son of Peter Philipp Kliebenstein and Paulina Schaefer. In 1914, at age 22, he came to America. Shortly thereafter, he began working as a commercial artist in Chicago, and later in Detroit. He quickly garnered commissions to paint portraits. He became a naturalized citizen on February 11, 1927.

He married Elfriede Anna Tack on November 8, 1919, in Chicago. She died a decade later, on October 16, 1929. Paul continued to live in Cook County, Illinois for a few more years. In 1933, he was asked by the Chicago World’s Fair to head an art colony of 300-400 artists for both sessions of the fair. There, he met and hired Paul Swartz.

Swartz later moved to Hollywood, where he made a living drawing caricatures in nightclubs. By 1935, von Klieben followed him to Los Angeles, and later lived in Topanga Canyon and then Calabasas, California. He was an accomplished portrait artist, executing masterful portraits of a number of Hollywood movie stars of the day and other notable people, such as Edward G. Robinson, Jackie Coogan, Will Rogers, Edsel Ford and Vice President Charles G. Dawes. However, he discovered that when in Hollywood, generating clients there was more a matter of socializing in that superficial society, than in possessing artistic skill. He grew to loath the type of people he had set himself up to paint.

## Knott’s Berry Farm

Meanwhile, Walter Knott had hired another artist on a weekly salary to create the painting for the cyclorama at what would later become Ghost Town at Knott’s Berry Farm. The cyclorama was a 20 x 50-foot, curved mural in the Gold Trails Hotel of a wagon train crossing the desert. The cyclorama had three-dimensional objects in the foreground to add to the effect, along with a three-minute recorded narration. It was animated with lighting effects that transformed the daytime scene into night. The sun set, followed by the moon and stars emerging, creating a full night scene. Unfortunately, the initial artist had been working on painting the mural for nearly a year, with no end in sight, and then quit. Knott approached Swartz about the problem, who suggested von Klieben for the job. Von Klieben finished the mural, and then the rest of project, in just a few weeks.

Von Klieben had apparently been ready for a change, and he and Knott liked each other from the start. Their meeting is described in the book *Fabulous Farmer: The Story of Walter Knott and his Berry Farm,* by Holmes and Bailey:

When he breathed of Walter Knott’s enthusiasm for the re-creation of the dramatic western pageant, the thing was even more attractive. He sensed success here, as Walter Knott had always sensed success. And Paul was shrewd. When Knott offered him a salary, he refused. “Just give me a place to stay, food while I’m here, and I’ll do your cyclorama,” he said.

“What about money?” Walter asked. “Surely ---”

“If I need money, I’ll ask for it,” Paul replied.

The cyclorama, under the genius of this man, came out a masterpiece. The only concession Paul asked, to which Walter Knott readily agreed, was the exclusive right to manufacture and sell art souvenirs, booklets and paintings on the premise. Von Klieben lived on the farm and had his studio "at the end of the Ghost Town Trail," in "the adobe building which adjoins Ghost Town" that was completed shortly before February 1942 and was constructed of adobe bricks made on the property. This building is likely that which is now used as the entrance to Spurs restaurant.

This arrangement with Knott went on for the next 12 years, and would prove to be the most fruitful relationship in the history of Knott’s Berry Farm. Von Klieben was instrumental in all aspects of planning and executing the construction of Ghost Town, as well as the art that adorned Knott’s buildings. In between his efforts for Knott, he created innumerable artistic souvenirs, hand-drawn booklets, and lithographs, which he manufactured and sold to Knott’s for resale to the public at the farm. The relationship worked out for von Klieben. When he died in 1953, he left behind an estate of $100,000. This was at a time when the average annual income in the United States was $4,011, and the price of the average house was $8,200.

The Little Chapel by the Lake at Knott’s opened to an awed public on December 11, 1941. As the audience listened to the recorded narrative, doors slowly opened to reveal von Klieben’s six-foot, eight-inch groundbreaking painting of Christ. This is the first known instance of a theme park using blacklight for effect. As the lighting changed, Christ’s eyes would appear to open. Guests were awed with the effect, and frequently commented that “words cannot describe it.”.

Von Klieben traveled to ghost towns in the West, taking photos, and conducted extensive research, which would become the basis for buildings at Knott’s Berry Farm. The first buildings built that were designed by him were the post office and Wells Fargo office at the corner of Main Street and Stage Road. Von Klieben drew concept drawings for numerous other buildings in Ghost Town, such as the Bird Cage Theater, the Bottle House and Music Hall. The Music Hall became home for the spectacular painting “Night Watch,” painted in 1870 by Charles Christian Nahl, which von Klieben had discovered in a San Francisco hotel. He encouraged Walter Knott to buy the painting, which he did. The Knott family donated the painting to the Orange County Museum of Art in 1999.

Knott would tell von Klieben what he had in mind for a project, then von Klieben would retreat to the modest studio-abode that Knott had erected for him. In about 1970, Walter Knott recalled von Klieben this way: “He would work all night. Only the security man would be on the grounds. Then, the next morning, he would lay the sketch on my desk. I wouldn’t see him for several days, so exhausted would he be from having expended himself.”

Von Klieben produced detailed concept art for proposed buildings and also floor plans. He oversaw construction and the process for converting new lumber into weathered-looking boards by the use of burning, sandblasting, scraping, pounding, twisting, painting multiple colors and wire brushing. He also personally painted the concrete in the original Pan for Gold attraction to look like rock.

The covered wagons that von Klieben created were so authentic-looking that they fooled the curator of an eastern museum who visited. The curator offered to buy one of the wagons from Walter Knott. Knott politely declined, and decided not to embarrass the expert by telling him that the wagons were not antiques.

## Restoration of Calico, California

Walter Knott’s uncle, John Caleb King (1838-1901), was sheriff of San Bernardino County in 1879–1882. King grubstaked two miners who found the richest silver vein in Calico, California. The Silver King Mine is named after him, and it produced $10,000,000 in silver. Later, the price of silver dropped, and by 1896, Calico was a ghost town. In 1915, the price of silver was back up, and a mining company built a cyanide plant to rework the tailings of the Silver King Mine. Walter Knott worked there for a month in 1916, as a carpenter building the redwood cyanide tanks, and never forgot it.

Mining in Calico faded, and again it became a ghost town. After building Ghost Town at Knott’s Berry Farm in the 1940s, Walter Knott, his son, Russell, and Paul von Klieben made a road trip to Calico. The three of them came back filled with enthusiasm. If they could build an imaginary ghost town at Knott’s Berry Farm, would it not be possible to restore a *real* ghost town? In 1951, Walter Knott bought the town of Calico, and put Paul von Klieben in charge of the whole restoration project.

Using Walter’s memory and that of some old-timers who still lived in the area, von Klieben was able to not only restore existing structures, but also design and replace missing buildings. Knott spent $700,000 restoring Calico.

## Body of work

Von Klieben’s body of work includes a number of portraits of actors and people of notable families that are in private collections that he painted before his association with Walter Knott. A number of his paintings that were done for Knott’s Berry Farm were sold to private collectors when the farm held an auction in 2017. However, several of his notable works are still at Knott’s Berry Farm. His huge painting “Saturday Night in Old Calico, 1888,” which originally hung behind the bar in the Calico Saloon, now hangs in the Pitchur Gallery. He painted two very large paintings of berry fields and a portrait of Rachel Elizabeth “Toni” Knott, all of which hang in Virginia’s Gift Shop. He also painted a mural that is in the Ghost Town Grill, and two large portraits that are in the Western Trails Museum. Perhaps his greatest large painting is a landscape of Ghost Town, which hangs in the Chicken Dinner Restaurant.

## Retirement

In March 1953, von Klieben reluctantly retired to Sonora, California in the Sierra Nevada foothills. He intended to devote more time to his first love, executing paintings and dioramas of early California, as well as still doing planning work for the farm and the restoration project at the town of Calico. He retained his adobe studio in Ghost Town for use when he visited Knott’s.

However, the retirement was to be short-lived. He died three months later, of a heart attack, on June 14, 1953. He left a brother, Fritz von Klieben, a niece and a cousin, who lived in Germany.

Walter Knott and Paul von Klieben had personalities that were quite different from one another. Knott was calm and reserved. Von Klieben was described as volatile and erratic. However, they both agreed that they were mutually stimulating. They worked closely together for 12 years, and the results they produced were resoundingly successful. Knott emphasized to Helen Kooiman (one of his biographers) that “I want the readers of this biography to know that I attribute much of the success of Ghost Town to this man.” Knott made the same point to numerous others. When von Klieben died, Knott was devastated by his friend’s unexpected death. At von Klieben’s funeral Walter Knott wept openly.

## InfoBox

| Paul von Klieben | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Paul Anton Kliebenstein
17 March 1891
Bildstock, Germany |
| Died | 14 June 1953 |
| Citizenship | American |
| Spouse | Elfriede Anna Tack (m. 8 November 1919) |


title: Frenzied Flames

abstract: Frenzied Flames is a 1926 American silent action film directed by Stuart Paton and starring Cullen Landis, Virginia Brown Faire and Mary Carr.

text:
# Frenzied Flames

***Frenzied Flames*** is a 1926 American silent action film directed by Stuart Paton and starring Cullen Landis, Virginia Brown Faire and Mary Carr.

## Cast

## Bibliography

* Munden, Kenneth White. *The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures Produced in the United States, Part 1*. University of California Press, 1997.

## InfoBox

| Frenzied Flames | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Stuart Paton |
| Written by | Barry Barringer |
| Produced by | William T. Lackey |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | William H. Tuers |
| Production
company | W.T. Lackey Productions |
| Distributed by | Ellbee Pictures |
| Release date | * September 1, 1926 (1926-09-01) |
| Country | United States |
| Languages | Silent
English intertitles |


title: Patrick Saint-Éloi

abstract: Patrick Saint-Éloi was a Guadeloupean singer and songwriter. He was one of the lead singers of the Zouk and Compas band Kassav'. As a solo artist, he helped create zouk beton, a fast music genre played only by Kassav'. He was also an admired singer and songwriter of compa and Zouk Love songs. Saint-Éloi died of cancer in Pointe-à-Pitre in 2010, aged 51. A public tribute was organised in Moule before his burial.

text:
# Patrick Saint-Éloi

**Patrick Saint-Éloi** (20 October 1958 – 18 September 2010) was a Guadeloupean singer and songwriter. He was one of the lead singers of the Zouk and Compas band Kassav'. As a solo artist, he helped create zouk beton, a fast music genre played only by Kassav'. He was also an admired singer and songwriter of *compa* and Zouk Love songs. Saint-Éloi died of cancer in Pointe-à-Pitre in 2010, aged 51. A public tribute was organised in Moule before his burial.

## Discography

### Studio albums

* *Misik Ce Lan-Mou* (1982, 2M Production)
* *A La Demande* (1984, GD Productions)
* *Jean-Philippe Marthely / Patrick Saint-Eloi* (1985, GD Productions)
* *Bizouk* (1992, Sonodisc)
* *Zoukamine* (1994, Sonodisc)
* *Martheloi* (1996, Martheloi, with Jean-Philippe Marthely)
* *Lovtans'* (1998, P.S.E. Productions)
* *Swing Karaib* (2002, P.S.E. Productions, Lusafrica)
* *Plézi* (2005, P.S.E. Productions)

### Live albums

* *Live à l'Olympia* (2010, P.S.E. Productions, Note A Bene)

### Compilations

* *Zoukolexion Vol.1* (2007, Note A Bene)
* *Zoukolexion Vol.2* (2008, Note A Bene)

### Selected tribute albums and posthumous releases

* *Passion Saint-Eloi* (2016, Note A Bene, tribute album)

## Further reading

* Couchy, Christine (2013). *Patrick Saint-Éloi : mon jardin créole* (in French). Gourbeyre: Éd. Nestor. OCLC 880996534.
* Okenga, Viviane (2014). *La conscience collective chez Patrick Saint-Éloi : à travers 30 titres de chansons* (in French). Paris: L'Harmattan. OCLC 902615997.

## InfoBox

| Patrick Saint-Éloi | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1958-10-20)20 October 1958
Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe France |
| Died | 18 September 2010(2010-09-18) (aged 51)
Le Moule, Guadeloupe France |
| Genres |  |
| Occupations | * Singer * songwriter |
| Instruments | * guitar * drums * percussion * bass guitar |
| Years active | 1975–2010 |


title: Nobuo Kaneko

abstract: Nobuo Kaneko Nobuo Kaneko was a Japanese actor. His wife was actress Yatsuko Tanami. He appeared in more than 200 films between 1946 and 1993.

text:
# Nobuo Kaneko

**Nobuo Kaneko** (金子信雄, *Kaneko Nobuo*, 27 March 1923  20 January 1995) was a Japanese actor. His wife was actress Yatsuko Tanami. He appeared in more than 200 films between 1946 and 1993.

## Career

Kaneko was a versatile character actor, playing roles ranging from comedic buffoons to hardened yakuza bosses. He is especially known for his role as Yoshio Yamamori in the *Battles Without Honor and Humanity* series.

Kaneko started his acting career at the Bungakuza theater troupe in 1946. His film debut was in the 1946 film *Urashimano Kōei*. In 1952, he appeared in the Akira Kurosawa film *Ikiru*. He signed his contract with Nikkatsu film company in 1955 and he often played villains in action films.

He was the host of a cooking program *Kaneko Nobuo no Tanoshi Yushoku* from 1987 to 1995 on TV Asahi.

## Selected filmography

### Film

### Television

## InfoBox

| Nobuo Kaneko | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1923-03-27)27 March 1923
Taito-ku, Tokyo, Japan |
| Died | 20 January 1995(1995-01-20) (aged 71)
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1946–1995 |


title: Pierre Joseph Eyma

abstract: Pierre Joseph Eyma was a Dutch botanist. Eyma was born in Maarssen, Netherlands, in 1903. He studied at Utrecht University and served as an assistant at the university's herbarium between 1929 and 1937. Eyma earned a doctorate in 1932 for a taxonomic thesis on Surinamese plants. He travelled to Java in 1937 and in the following years made numerous botanical expeditions throughout the Dutch East Indies. Beginning in 1940, Eyma worked as an assistant at Herbarium Bogoriense in Bogor, Java. He died in 1945 in a Japanese POW camp near Palembang, Sumatra. A number of plant species have been named after him, including Eurya eymae, Nepenthes eymae, and Randia eymai.

text:
# Pierre Joseph Eyma

**Pierre Joseph Eyma** (25 July 1903 – 1945) was a Dutch botanist.

Eyma was born in Maarssen, Netherlands, in 1903. He studied at Utrecht University and served as an assistant at the university's herbarium between 1929 and 1937. Eyma earned a doctorate in 1932 for a taxonomic thesis on Surinamese plants. He travelled to Java in 1937 and in the following years made numerous botanical expeditions throughout the Dutch East Indies. Beginning in 1940, Eyma worked as an assistant at Herbarium Bogoriense in Bogor, Java. He died in 1945 in a Japanese POW camp near Palembang, Sumatra.

A number of plant species have been named after him, including *Eurya eymae*, *Nepenthes eymae*, and *Randia eymai*.

The standard author abbreviation Eyma is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.


title: Mookambika Wildlife Sanctuary

abstract: Mookambika Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected wildlife sanctuary in the southern state of Karnataka in India. It derives its name from the presiding deity "Goddess Mookambika" of the popular Kollur Mookambika Temple. The sanctuary lies in the Western Ghats in Udupi district of Karnataka. The sanctuary consists of an area of 274 km⁲ (106 sq mi) was notified in the year 1974, by the Government of Karnataka vide notification AFD.48.FWL.74 dated 17 June 1974. This was subsequently expanded to 370.37 km⁲ (143.00 sq mi) vide notification No.KFD-48-FWL-74, dated: 22-05-1978/No.FEE-302-FWL-2011-(III), dated: 27-12-2011. The expanded sanctuary comprises the Abbigudde, Baregundi, Chakra, Chittor, Gunduberu, Harmannupare, Hulikal, Hulimurdibare, Jannalane, Kilandur, Kodachadri, Korakoppadahola, Korathikalbare, Madibare, Meganivalley, Metkalgudda, Mudgalpare, Murkodihola, Naganakalbare, Nujinane, Talburane reserve forests. The perennial Chakra and Sowparnika rivers flow through the sanctuary. The famed Kodachadri hills and Kollur Mookambika Temple is also found within the sanctuary. The sanctuary has good road connectivity from Kundapur (35 km), Byndoor (25 km), and Shimoga (130 km). The nearest railway station is Mookambika Railway Station (28 km) at Byndoor. The nearest airport is located at Mangalore (Bajpe), which is 140 km away.

text:
# Mookambika Wildlife Sanctuary

**Mookambika Wildlife Sanctuary** is a protected wildlife sanctuary in the southern state of Karnataka in India. It derives its name from the presiding deity "Goddess Mookambika" of the popular Kollur Mookambika Temple. The sanctuary lies in the Western Ghats in Udupi district of Karnataka. The sanctuary consists of an area of 274 km2 (106 sq mi) was notified in the year 1974, by the Government of Karnataka vide notification AFD.48.FWL.74 dated 17 June 1974.

This was subsequently expanded to 370.37 km2 (143.00 sq mi) vide notification No.KFD-48-FWL-74, dated: 22-05-1978/No.FEE-302-FWL-2011-(III), dated: 27-12-2011.

The expanded sanctuary comprises the Abbigudde, Baregundi, Chakra, Chittor, Gunduberu, Harmannupare, Hulikal, Hulimurdibare, Jannalane, Kilandur, Kodachadri, Korakoppadahola, Korathikalbare, Madibare, Meganivalley, Metkalgudda, Mudgalpare, Murkodihola, Naganakalbare, Nujinane, Talburane reserve forests.

The perennial Chakra and Sowparnika rivers flow through the sanctuary. The famed Kodachadri hills and Kollur Mookambika Temple is also found within the sanctuary.

The sanctuary has good road connectivity from Kundapur (35 km), Byndoor (25 km), and Shimoga (130 km). The nearest railway station is Mookambika Railway Station (28 km) at Byndoor. The nearest airport is located at Mangalore (Bajpe), which is 140 km away.

## Flora and fauna

The Mookambika Wildlife Sanctuary has west coast tropical evergreen forests, west coast semi evergreen forests, southern secondary moist mixed deciduous forests and dry grasslands in its ranges.

The sanctuary has fauna like tiger, leopard, dhole (wild dog), jackal, sloth bear, Indian wild boar, Indian porcupine, sambar, spotted deer, muntjac (barking deer), mouse deer, gaur (Indian bison), Indian hare, lion tailed macaque, bonnet macaque, common langur, giant flying squirrel, king cobra, python etc.

Jungle myna, Peafowl, Great Indian hornbill, Malabar grey hornbill, Common fowl, Common myna, White cheeked bulbul, Red vented bulbul, Little cormorant, Cattle egret, Little egret, Black drongo, Jungle crow, Crow pheasant, Brahminy kite, Grey jungle fowl, Pea fowl, White breasted water hen, Red wattled lapwing, Spotted dove, Blue rock pigeon, White breasted king fisher, Golden backed threetoed wood pecker, Scarlet minivet, Ashy swallow shrike, Paradise fly catcher, Magpie robin, Tailor bird, Purple sunbird, White-rumped munia, Golden oriole.

## Other tourist attractions

Some of the other tourist attractions nearby are Anejhari Butterfly Camp, Abbey Falls, Arasinagundi Water Falls, Belkal Theertha Falls, Koosalli Waterfalls, Kollur Mookambika temple, Mudagal Cave Temple.

## InfoBox

| Mookambika Wildlife Sanctuary | |
| --- | --- |
| Wildlife Sanctuary | |
| Mookambika Wildlife SanctuaryLocation in Karnataka, India | |
| Coordinates: 13°42′N 74°39′E / 13.700°N 74.650°E / 13.700; 74.650 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Karnataka |
| District | Udupi district |
| Established | 1974 |
| Area | |
| Total | 370.37 km2 (143.00 sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| Official | Kannada |
| Nearest city | Kundapur, Udupi district |
| Governing body | Kudremukh Wildlife Division, Karnataka Forest Department |


title: Gaganvihari Lallubhai Mehta

abstract: Gaganvihari Lallubhai Mehta was the ambassador of India to the United States from 1952 to 1958.

text:
# Gaganvihari Lallubhai Mehta

**Gaganvihari Lallubhai Mehta** (15 April 190028 April 1974) was the ambassador of India to the United States from 1952 to 1958.

## Biography

Mehta was born to his parents, Lallubhai Samaldas and Satyavati on 15 April 1900 in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. His father was the wealthy aristocrat and revenue commissioner of Bhavnagar. He completed his matriculation at New English School, Mumbai in 1971 and passed his B.A. with history and economics at Elphinstone College and later joined London School of Economics. Due to ill health, he left his studies in London incomplete and returned to Mumbai. Here in 1928, he received his M.A. degree from the University of Bombay by writing an essay on the social thinking of Bertrand Russell. He worked at the assistant editor of the Bombay Chronicle from 1923 to 1925 before working for the Scindia Steam Navigation Company.

In 1937, he was appointed as a representative of the International Chamber of Commerce and the same year participated in the International Trade Conference as a member of the Indian Mill Owners' Delegation. In 1939-40, he was appointed president of the Indian Chamber of Commerce in Calcutta. In 1942–43, he took over as the President of the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI). In 1944, he attended the International Trade Conference as deputy leader of the Indian delegation. He represented India at the International Trade Employment Conference organized as Geneva in 1947 and took part in International Trade General Assembly in Montreal.

During 1947–50, he held the position of Director of the Indian Customs Board; He also served as a member of the Constitution Committee. In 1950-52, he was appointed as a member of the Planning Commission. In 1958, he was appointed chairman of Hindustan Shipyard. During 1959-63, he served as Chairman of the National Shipping Board and in 1965 as Chairman of Air India and Indian Airlines.

After India gained its independence from the United Kingdom, he became the president of the Tariff Board before becoming the ambassador of India to the United States from 1952 to 1958. He was refused service in a Houston airport restaurant because he was not white, leading John Foster Dulles to conclude that US segregation was hurting foreign relations.

Mehta was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 1959.

## Writing

Mehta's notable publications include *Aakash na Pushpo* (lit. 'The Flowers of the Sky') and *Avali Ganga* in Gujarati. 'The Conscious of a Nation','Studies in Gandhism'; 'From Rag Agals'; 'Perversities' and 'Understanding India' are his English publications.

## InfoBox

| Gaganvihari Lallubhai MehtaCIE | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Ambassador of India to the United States | |
| **In office**
1952–1958 | |
| Preceded by | Binay Ranjan Sen |
| Succeeded by | M. C. Chagla |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1900-04-15)15 April 1900
Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India |
| Died | 28 April 1974(1974-04-28) (aged 74)
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India |
| Alma mater | Elphinstone College |
| Occupation | Civil servant |
|  | |


title: Montescano

abstract: Montescano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 50 km south of Milan and about 20 km southeast of Pavia. Montescano borders the following municipalities: Canneto Pavese, Castana, Montù Beccaria.

text:
# Montescano

**Montescano** is a *comune* (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 50 km south of Milan and about 20 km southeast of Pavia.

Montescano borders the following municipalities: Canneto Pavese, Castana, Montù Beccaria.

## InfoBox

| Montescano | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di Montescano | |
| Location of Montescano | |
| MontescanoLocation of Montescano in ItalyMontescanoMontescano (Lombardy) | |
| Coordinates: 45°2′N 9°18′E / 45.033°N 9.300°E / 45.033; 9.300 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Lombardy |
| Province | Pavia (PV) |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Enrica Brega |
| Area | |
| Total | 2.4 km2 (0.9 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 208 m (682 ft) |
| Population (Dec. 2004) | |
| Total | 384 |
| Density | 160/km2 (410/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Montescanesi |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 27040 |
| Dialing code | 0385 |
| Website | Official website |


title: Morgan Creek Fire

abstract: The Morgan Creek Fire was a wildfire that started north of Steamboat Springs, Colorado on July 9, 2021. The fire burned 7,586 acres (3,070 ha) and was fully contained on October 14, 2021.

text:
# Morgan Creek Fire

The **Morgan Creek Fire** was a wildfire that started north of Steamboat Springs, Colorado on July 9, 2021. The fire burned 7,586 acres (3,070 ha) and was fully contained on October 14, 2021.

## Events

### July

The Morgan Creek Fire was first reported on July 9, 2021, at around 1:00 pm MDT.

### Cause

The cause of the fire is believed to be due to lightning.

### Containment

On October 14, 2021, the Morgan Creek Fire reached 100% containment.

## Impact

### Closures and Evacuations

## InfoBox

| Morgan Creek Fire | |
| --- | --- |
| Date(s) | July 9, 2021 (2021-07-09) – October 14, 2021 (2021-10-14) |
| Location | Steamboat Springs, Colorado |
| Coordinates | 40°43′05″N 106°49′44″W / 40.718°N 106.829°W / 40.718; -106.829 |
| Statistics | |
| Burned area | 7,586 acres (3,070 ha) |
| Ignition | |
| Cause | Lightning |
| Map | |
| Location in Western Colorado | |


title: Gabrielle Claes

abstract: Gabrielle Claes was the director of the film archive, Cinémathèque royale de Belgique. She is known for her work in the preservation of films on reels.

text:
# Gabrielle Claes

**Gabrielle Claes** was the director of the film archive, Cinémathèque royale de Belgique. She is known for her work in the preservation of films on reels.

## Career

Gabrielle Claes was the conservator of the Cinémathèque royale de Belgique, also known as Cinematek, from 1988 to 2011. She is known for her work in the preservation of original films on reels, rather than on videotapes or digital copies, and for her work distributing old films. She has spoken with cinergie.be, a website focused on Belgian film, multiple times including a 1990 interview on her new challenges as curator of Cinematek, and discussions about the items in the archive. In 1994, the film director Eric de Kuyper talked about her comments on the international nature of film archives means they are not reflecting the regional aspect of a given archive.

In 2001 the archive experienced financial troubles as Claes discussed in articles in the media, and there was a proposal to use funds from the lottery to support the archive. She was able to enlist the support of filmmakers such as Martin Scorsese to make statements in support of the archive. In 2007 she talked about the possibility of preserving films in digital format with Le Temps newspaper.

Claes was on the executive committee of the International Federation of Film Archives from 1995 until 1999. She was one of the founders of the Association of European Film Archives and Cinematheques (ACE). She served as president and treasurer of ACE, and was the first person to hold the position of president.

Gabrielle Claes made an appearance in "All Night Long" ("Toute une nuit") by Chantal Akerman (1982). She is also in the film *Exprmntl* about the film festival of the same name that was organized by Cinematek; the film was shown in 2019 at the London Short Film Festival.

## Selected publications

* Claes, Gabrielle (2001). "Managing a collection- issues of selection and transmission" (PDF). *Danish Film Institute*. Preserve Then Show. Retrieved January 17, 2022.
    + reviewed in *The Moving Image: The Journal of the Association of Moving Image Archivists*
* Claes, Gabrielle (2009). "Musée du cinéma / Cinematek". *Journal of Film Preservation* (79/80): 26–30. Retrieved 2022-01-17.
* Claes, Gabrielle; Martens, Erik (2009). "La Cinémathèque numérise". *Journal of Film Preservation* (79/80): 102. Retrieved 2022-01-17.

## Awards and honors

In 1995 she won the Joseph Plateau Award for "guests of Film Fest Ghent whose achievements have earned them a special and distinct place in the history of international film making". She also served on the 1995 jury for the Grand Prix for Best Film of the Film Fest Ghent. In 2011, the Flemish Film Awards awarded her with Prijs van de Verdienste, a merit award, in recognition of her work with the Cinematek film archive.


title: Gabrielle Cathala

abstract: Gabrielle Cathala is a French politician of La France Insoumise who was elected member of the National Assembly for Val-d'Oise's 6th constituency in 2024. She was previously a candidate for the constituency in the 2022 legislative election.

text:
# Gabrielle Cathala

**Gabrielle Cathala** (born 14 May 1992) is a French politician of La France Insoumise who was elected member of the National Assembly for Val-d'Oise's 6th constituency in 2024. She was previously a candidate for the constituency in the 2022 legislative election.

## InfoBox

| Gabrielle Cathala | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the French National Assembly
for Val-d'Oise's 6th constituency | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
18 July 2024 | |
| Preceded by | Estelle Folest |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1992-05-14) 14 May 1992 |
| Political party | La France Insoumise |
| Other political
affiliations | New Popular Front |
|  | |


title: Montenapoleone (Milan Metro)

abstract: Montenapoleone is a station on Line 3 of the Milan Metro which opened on 1 May 1990, as part of the inaugural section of the line between Duomo and Centrale. Initially, Duomo was connected with Centrale by shuttle service, and on 16 December 1990, with the extension of the line to Porta Romana, full-scale service started. The station is located on Via Montenapoleone at the intersection with Via Alessandro Manzoni, in the city centre of Milan. It is located right in the center of the fashion district of Milan, near La Scala and Museo Poldi Pezzoli. The station, like all the others on Line 3, is underground. In the first projects of the line, the station was to be called Manzoni.

text:
# Montenapoleone (Milan Metro)

**Montenapoleone** is a station on Line 3 of the Milan Metro which opened on 1 May 1990, as part of the inaugural section of the line between Duomo and Centrale. Initially, Duomo was connected with Centrale by shuttle service, and on 16 December 1990, with the extension of the line to Porta Romana, full-scale service started.

The station is located on Via Montenapoleone at the intersection with Via Alessandro Manzoni, in the city centre of Milan. It is located right in the center of the fashion district of Milan, near La Scala and Museo Poldi Pezzoli.

The station, like all the others on Line 3, is underground. In the first projects of the line, the station was to be called *Manzoni*.

Media related to Montenapoleone station (Milan metro) at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Montenapoleone | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Via Monte Napoleone, Milan |
| Coordinates | 45°28′13″N 9°11′32″E / 45.47028°N 9.19222°E / 45.47028; 9.19222 |
| Owned by | Azienda Trasporti Milanesi |
| Platforms | 2 |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Underground |
| Platform levels | 2 |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Fare zone | STIBM: Mi1 |
| History | |
| Opened | 1 May 1990 (1990-05-01) |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station Milan Metro Following station  Turatitowards Comasina  Line 3  Duomotowards San Donato | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  MontenapoleoneLocation in Milan MontenapoleoneLocation in Lombardy MontenapoleoneLocation in Northern Italy MontenapoleoneLocation in Italy | |


title: Hungry (Kosheen song)

abstract: "Hungry" is a song by British electronic music trio Kosheen. It was written by group members Sian Evans, Darren Beale, and Mark Morrison and produced by Decoder & Substance. A drum and bass track with folk-pop influences, "Hungry" was released as the fourth single from Kosheen's 2001 debut studio album, Resist, on 22 April 2002. Upon its release, the track reached number 13 on the UK Singles Chart, becoming Kosheen's third top-20 hit, and gave the group their highest-charting single in Finland, where it peaked at number 10.

text:
# Hungry (Kosheen song)

"**Hungry**" is a song by British electronic music trio Kosheen. It was written by group members Sian Evans, Darren Beale, and Mark Morrison and produced by Decoder & Substance. A drum and bass track with folk-pop influences, "Hungry" was released as the fourth single (and sixth overall) from Kosheen's 2001 debut studio album, *Resist*, on 22 April 2002. Upon its release, the track reached number 13 on the UK Singles Chart, becoming Kosheen's third top-20 hit, and gave the group their highest-charting single in Finland, where it peaked at number 10.

## Release and critical reception

In the United Kingdom, Arista Records and Moksha Recordings had originally scheduled the "Hungry" single release for 15 April 2002, but it was delayed a week to 22 April 2002. Three formats of the single were issued in the UK: two CDs and a 12-inch vinyl disc. The first CD and 12-inch vinyl contain remixes from producers such as Tiësto, Satoshi Tomiie, Bent, and Zed Bias, while the second CD includes B-sides "Dangerous Waters" and "Live 4 Today". Reviewing the song on 8 April 2002, British trade paper *Music Week* listed it as a "recommended" single, comparing the track to the folk-pop sound of singer-songwriter Dido combined with an "unfussy, accessible drum & bass musical template" and calling it an "absolute treat". In Australia, the song was released on 3 June 2002 as a CD single containing selected remixes.

## Chart performance

On the week beginning 28 April 2002, "Hungry" debuted at its peak of number 13 on the UK Singles Chart, becoming Kosheen's third top-20 hit and the last single from *Resist* to reach the top 40; it spent four weeks on the listing. On the UK Dance Chart, the track peaked at number four the same week. In Finland, "Hungry" became Kosheen's second and final single to chart as well as their highest-peaking song, debuting at number 10 on the 22nd chart week of 2002, its only appearance in the top 20. On 8 June 2002, the song appeared on Flanders' Ultratip Bubbling Under ranking, reaching number 18. Elsewhere in Europe, "Hungry" charted for five weeks in Germany, debuting at its peak of number 79 in early September. On the Eurochart Hot 100, the single entered the ranking at number 50, it peak, on the issue date of 11 May 2002. In Australia, the song picked up support from radio and dance clubs, allowing it to reach number 53 on the ARIA Singles Chart and number seven on the ARIA Dance Singles Chart; on the former listing, it spent four weeks in the top 100, while on the latter, it accrued nine weeks in the top 25.

## Track listings

## Credits and personnel

Credits are lifted from the UK CD1 liner notes.

**Studio**

* Recorded at Ledge Studios One (Bristol, England)

**Personnel**

* Sian Evans – writing
* Darren Beale – writing
* Mark Morrison – writing
* Decoder & Substance – production, mixing
* Blue Source – artwork design
* Patrice Hanicotte – photography

## Charts

| Chart (2002) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australia (ARIA) | 53 |
| Australian Dance (ARIA) | 7 |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Flanders) | 18 |
| Europe (Eurochart Hot 100) | 50 |
| Finland (Suomen virallinen lista) | 10 |
| Germany (Official German Charts) | 79 |
| Scotland (OCC) | 12 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 13 |
| UK Dance (OCC) | 4 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United Kingdom | 22 April 2002 | * 12-inch vinyl * CD |  |  |
| Denmark | 27 May 2002 | CD | * BMG * Moksha |  |
| Australia | | 3 June 2002 | * Arista * BMG * Moksha |  |

## InfoBox

| "Hungry" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Kosheen | |
| from the album  *Resist* | |
| B-side | * "Dangerous Waters" (Kosheen mix) * "Live 4 Today" |
| Released | 22 April 2002 (2002-04-22) |
| Studio | Ledge One (Bristol, England) |
| Genre | Drum and bass |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Decoder & Substance |
| Kosheen singles chronology | |
| "Catch"
(2001) "**Hungry**"
(2002) "Harder"
(2002) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Hungry" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Masaneh Kinteh

abstract: Masaneh Nyuku Kinteh is a retired Gambian Army officer who served as Chief of the Defence Staff until his removal on 5 March 2020 by President Adama Barrow. He was the Gambian Chief of Mission in Havana, Cuba, from 2012 to 2017, and was previously Chief of the Defence Staff from 2009 to 2012. He was retired with the rank of lieutenant general in 2012, having previously also served as Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff in 2009, and shifted to the Foreign Service. He was reinstated as the Chief of Defence Staff in 2017 but redeployed him to the Foreign Service in 2020, becoming the ambassador to China.

text:
# Masaneh Kinteh

**Masaneh Nyuku Kinteh** (born 13 August 1968) is a retired Gambian Army officer who served as Chief of the Defence Staff until his removal on 5 March 2020 by President Adama Barrow. He was the Gambian Chief of Mission in Havana, Cuba, from 2012 to 2017, and was previously Chief of the Defence Staff from 2009 to 2012. He was retired with the rank of lieutenant general in 2012, having previously also served as Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff in 2009, and shifted to the Foreign Service. He was reinstated as the Chief of Defence Staff in 2017 but redeployed him to the Foreign Service in 2020, becoming the ambassador to China.

## Early life

Kinteh was born in the village of Sankwia, Jarra West, the Gambia. He studied in the United Kingdom and worked as a school teacher from 1988 to 1990.

## Career

Kinteh's military career began in November 1990 when he passed the Commission Selection Board organised by the British Army Training Team for the selection of potential officer cadets. He formally joined the Gambian armed forces on 15 March 1991 and gradually rose through the ranks. In December 2004, he became the acting Chief of Staff of the Gambian Army, after the previous incumbent, Assan Sarr, was raised to the position of Chief of the Defence Staff. He was appointed as Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff in 2009 by President Yahya Jammeh.

On 9 October 2009, following Lang Tombong Tamba's sacking (he was later trialled and sentenced to death on charges of treason), Jammeh appointed Kinteh as Chief of the Defence Staff. At the same time, Yankuba Drammeh was raised to Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff, but shortly after was removed from the post. Kinteh was removed as Chief of the Defence Staff by Jammeh on 6 July 2012. The week before he was removed, he was questioned by intelligence officers, but nothing came of their questioning. No official reason was given for his removal, but it was said that he would receive a post in the foreign service. Ousman Badjie was chosen as Kinteh's replacement.

Following his appointment to the foreign service, there was some confusion over whether he had been appointed as the Gambian ambassador to Tunisia or as chief of mission of the Gambian diplomatic mission in Cuba. The pro-government *Daily Observer* announced on 2 August 2012 that he had been appointed as the deputy chief of mission in Cuba. He later became the chief of mission in Cuba. In December 2016, during the constitutional crisis, Kinteh was one of 11 Gambian ambassadors to call for Jammeh to step down as President and recognise Adama Barrow as his successor. Jammeh removed Kinteh from his post in Cuba on 10 January 2017.

On 25 January, it was announced that Kinteh would serve as President Barrow's military aide. On 27 February 2017, Kinteh was appointed by Barrow to replace Badjie as Chief of the Defence Staff. He said that Barrow has plans to reform and restructure the military, but his immediate priority was to restore the morale of the troops. He said, "I want to make sure we get over that hurdle and make sure soldiers come out of their self and see themselves as citizens of this country who are to be respected, admired and be role models."

Kinteh was replaced in March 2020 with Drammeh and redeployed to the Foreign Service. He assumed the post of the ambassador of the Gambia to China in September 2020.

## InfoBox

| Masaneh Kinteh | |
| --- | --- |
| Kanteh during Exercise African Endeavor, 5 July 2011 | |
|  | |
| Chief of the Defence Staff | |
| **In office**
27 February 2017  5 March 2020 | |
| President | Adama Barrow |
| Preceded by | Ousman Badjie |
| Succeeded by | Yankuba Drammeh |
| **In office**
9 October 2009  6 July 2012 | |
| President | Yahya Jammeh |
| Preceded by | Lang Tombong Tamba |
| Succeeded by | Ousman Badjie |
| Military Aide to the President Prime Minister of the Gambia | |
| **In office**
25 January 2017  27 February 2017 | |
| President | Adama Barrow |
| Preceded by | *New position* |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1968-08-13) 13 August 1968
Sankwia, Jarra West, the Gambia |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | The Gambia |
| Branch/service | Gambian National Army |
| Years of service | 1991–2012
2017–2020 |
| Rank | Lieutenant General |
| Commands | Chief of the Defence Staff |
|  | |


title: Paul A. W. Wallace

abstract: Paul Anthony Wilson Wallace (1891–1967) was a Canadian historian and anthropologist who specialized in colonial American history, focusing on Pennsylvania Germans and Native Americans in Pennsylvania. He was the father of the anthropologist Anthony F. C. Wallace.

text:
# Paul A. W. Wallace

**Paul Anthony Wilson Wallace** (1891–1967) was a Canadian historian and anthropologist who specialized in colonial American history, focusing on Pennsylvania Germans and Native Americans in Pennsylvania.

He was the father of the anthropologist Anthony F. C. Wallace.

## Works

* *Baptiste Laroque: Legends Of French-Canada*, (1923)
* *The Twist And Other Stories*, (1923)
* *Conrad Weiser, 1696-1760: Friend Of Colonist And Mohawk*, (1945)
* *The White Roots Of Peace*, (1946)
* *The Muhlenbergs Of Pennsylvania*, (1950)
* *Milton S Hershey*, (1959) (with Katherine Binney Shippen)
* *Indians In Pennsylvania*, (1961/81)
* *Pennsylvania - Seed Of A Nation*, (1962)
* *Lloyd Mifflin: Painter And Poet Of The Susquehanna*, (1965)
* *Indian Paths Of Pennsylvania*, (1965)
* *Lebanon Valley College: A Centennial History*, (1966)
* *Daniel Boone In PA*, (1967)

Source:

* Darnell, Regna. "Keeping the Faith: A Legacy of Native American Ethnography, Ethnohistory, and Psychology." In: *New Perspectives on Native North America: Cultures, Histories, and Representations,* ed. by Sergei A. Kan and Pauline Turner Strong, pp. 3–16. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2006.

## InfoBox

| Paul A. W. Wallace | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1891
Toronto |
| Died | 1967 |
| Alma mater | University of Toronto |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | history and anthropology |
| Institutions | Lebanon Valley College
Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission |
|  | |


title: Phanaroea

abstract: The Phanaroea plain (Φανάροια), the modern Erbaa Plain, is a plain lying mostly in the Erbaa district of Tokat Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It runs east-west for about 60 kilometres (37 mi), along the Kelkit River in a valley created by the North Anatolian Fault. It has a maximum width of 8 kilometres (5.0 mi). The Yeşilırmak runs along its western edge and is joined by the Kelkit in the northwest corner of the plain. Its altitude ranges from about 200–260 m. The Niksar plain to the east, at 260–300 m altitude, continues the Erbaa plain, and is generally considered part of the Phanaroea. In the 20th century, it produced grain, fruit, vegetables, tobacco, rice, and opium poppy. The ancient city of Eupatoria lay near the confluence of the two rivers. The ancient city of Cabira was probably located in the Niksar plain. Strabo describes Phanaroea as rich in olives and vines and having the best soil in the Pontus.

text:
# Phanaroea

> It was largely in the valleys of the Lycus and the Iris that the economic life of interior Pontus was concentrated. The plains through which these rivers flow, rising "like terraces one above another," enjoy the advantages of a mild climate and a fertile soil and so produced rich harvests of grain and fruit; and through them led the highways that connected this remote portion of Asia Minor with the East and West. The most fertile of all was Phanaroea.... This "Garden of Pontus" was rich in olives and vines and "possessed all other good qualities."

David Magie

The **Phanaroea plain** (Φανάροια), the modern **Erbaa Plain** (*Erbaa Ovası*), is a plain lying mostly in the Erbaa district of Tokat Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It runs east-west for about 60 kilometres (37 mi), along the Kelkit River (ancient *Lykos*) in a valley created by the North Anatolian Fault. It has a maximum width of 8 kilometres (5.0 mi). The Yeşilırmak (ancient *Iris*) runs along its western edge and is joined by the Kelkit in the northwest corner of the plain. Its altitude ranges from about 200–260 m. The Niksar plain to the east, at 260–300 m altitude, continues the Erbaa plain, and is generally considered part of the Phanaroea.

In the 20th century, it produced grain, fruit, vegetables, tobacco, rice, and opium poppy.

The ancient city of Eupatoria lay near the confluence of the two rivers. The ancient city of Cabira was probably located in the Niksar plain.

Strabo describes Phanaroea as rich in olives and vines and having the best soil in the Pontus.

40°43′N 36°33′E / 40.71°N 36.55°E / 40.71; 36.55


title: Patryki

abstract: Patryki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Purda, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of Purda and 13 km (8 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn. It is located within the historic region of Warmia. A historic manor park is located in Patryki.

text:
# Patryki

**Patryki** \[paˈtrɨki\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Purda, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of Purda and 13 km (8 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn. It is located within the historic region of Warmia.

A historic manor park is located in Patryki.

## InfoBox

| Patryki | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
|  | |
| Patryki | |
| Coordinates: 53°45′N 20°41′E / 53.750°N 20.683°E / 53.750; 20.683 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Warmian-Masurian |
| County | Olsztyn |
| Gmina | Purda |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Area code | +48 89 |
| Vehicle registration | NOL |


title: Nola (film)

abstract: Nola is a 2003 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Alan Hruska. It depicts the struggle of a young woman trying to survive in New York City while looking for her birth father. It premiered in New York City on July 23, 2004.

text:
# Nola (film)

***Nola*** is a 2003 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Alan Hruska. It depicts the struggle of a young woman trying to survive in New York City while looking for her birth father. It premiered in New York City on July 23, 2004.

## Plot

After fleeing from her abusive stepfather, Nola (Emmy Rossum) travels to New York City searching for her biological father. She spends her first night sleeping in Central Park, but her luck changes when she is hired by the owner of a small diner. She ends up staying with the frycook/law school student Ben (James Badge Dale) until the real owner of the diner, Ben's landlady Margaret (Mary McDonnell), hires Nola as her assistant for her escort service.

Things go well at the escort service until Niles, a billionaire client of Margaret's service, has a bad session. Niles likes to receive rough physical activity from men cross-dressing as women, but only to a point. Wendy, one of Niles's favorites, went a little too far and sent Niles into a rage. Niles demands Margaret rough Wendy up or else he will have it done, along with inducing the police to investigate the escort service. Nola attempts to help by making up Wendy to look battered and bruised, documenting it with photos, then sending her out of the country until Niles can calm down. Niles's informants spot Wendy, no longer wearing the bruise makeup, trying to flee. Niles responds by arranging a subpoena for Margaret to appear before a grand jury and calling Nola directly, threatening her by revealing detailed information about her upbringing.

Further events lead Nola closer to finding her real father, but not without the help of a journalist (Steven Bauer), who is in need of a story on escort services.

## Cast

## Release and reception

*Nola* received a limited release on August 29, 2003. On its opening weekend, the film grossed $6,010 at 19 theaters, with a per-theater average of $316. The film grossed a total of $10,550.

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 0% approval rating from critics, based on 13 reviews.

## InfoBox

| Nola | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Alan Hruska |
| Written by | Alan Hruska |
| Produced by | Jill Footlick
Rachel Peters |
| Starring | Emmy Rossum
James Badge Dale
Mary McDonnell
Steven Bauer |
| Cinematography | Horacio Marquínez |
| Edited by | Peter C. Frank |
| Music by | Edmund Choi |
| Distributed by | Fireworks Pictures
IDP Distribution |
| Release date | * 2003 (2003) |
| Running time | 97 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Marco Brambilla

abstract: Marco Brambilla is an Italian-born Canadian contemporary artist and film director, known for re-contextualizations of popular and found imagery, and use of 3D imaging technologies in public installations and video art. His work is in the collections of the Museum of Modern Art, New York; Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York; SFMOMA, San Francisco; Borusan Contemporary, Istanbul; the Museum of the Moving Image, New York; Metronóm Foundation for Contemporary Arts, Barcelona, Spain and the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.

text:
# Marco Brambilla

**Marco Brambilla** (born 25 September 1960) is an Italian-born Canadian contemporary artist and film director, known for re-contextualizations of popular and found imagery, and use of 3D imaging technologies in public installations and video art.

His work is in the collections of the Museum of Modern Art, New York; Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York; SFMOMA, San Francisco; Borusan Contemporary, Istanbul; the Museum of the Moving Image, New York; Metronóm Foundation for Contemporary Arts, Barcelona, Spain and the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.

## Career

### Style and themes

#### Pop culture as spectacle

Jumping off from his experience in Hollywood filmmaking, Brambilla's work explores the history and influence of pop culture through the lens of Guy Debord's "spectacle," or how images commodify human experiences by oversaturation.

In an interview with *032c*, Brambilla discussed how Hollywood film has "largely become an exercise in spectacle," hyper-saturating the media landscape with pop-culture imagery. In doing so, his work comments on "our ability to absorb images, our ability to be distracted, our ability to be entertained - our ability to be confronted with all those things simultaneously."

While the theme of pop culture as spectacle is particularly prominent in his *Megaplex* series — using scenes, characters and images from films to create elaborate "video collages" — his work broadly deals with "transition, our culture's constant acceleration and emotional connection and disconnection through technology." In this respect, Brambilla satirizes mass media, which "can be interpreted as apocalyptic or Utopian in nature."

In a review by *The Art Newspaper*'s extended reality panel, Eron Rauch describes "Heaven's Gate," one of four artworks from his *Megaplex* series, as an example of American maximalism in art, comparing it to "Patrick Nagatani or Andrée Tracey; prestige TV openings; Daniel R. Small’s wry archaeology of the set of Cecil B De Mille's *The Ten Commandments*; “magic eye” books; California sci-fi cults; Broadway theatre set flats rotated by stagehands during musical numbers; and some manner of collision of 90s animated GIF-laden Tripod pages; and the panoramic fractalling of Jackson Pollock."

#### Metaverse

Marco Brambilla has explored the concept of the Metaverse, whose term was coined by Neal Stephenson in *Snow Crash*. Brambilla's work, *Halflife*, juxtaposes gamers in cyber-cafés with their virtual Counter-Strike world, referencing concepts from Stephenson and Jean Baudrillard on hyperreality. In 2016, he adapted part of his *Megaplex* series into virtual reality (VR), emphasizing it as a medium of immersive, emotional experience. Another VR adaptation was *Heaven's Gate*, presented at the Pérez Art Museum Miami in 2021. Brambilla has likened the Metaverse to the disruptive Dada movement, and in 2021 curated an NFT collection by Simon Denny, Rachel Rossin, and Willem de Rooij, combining Sculpture, VR, and Blockchain technology.

### Artwork

#### *Megaplex* series

Brambilla's *Megaplex* is his first series of virtual reality artworks, set between the birth and death of the universe and all that pop culture created during its existence. Each piece explores with the idea of hyper-saturation in media and film as a spectacle.

In May 2011, Brambilla's *Megaplex* series was part of his first major retrospective at the Santa Monica Museum of Art, featuring eight other works produced since 1999.

##### *Civilization* (2008)

*Civilization* (2008) depicts hundreds of characters and scenes sampled from Hollywood cinema, populating a vertical scroll depicting an endlessly ascending journey from hell to heaven. This religious-themed tableau contains three distinct visual environments offering a pop-culture reinvention of the volcanic landscape of Hades and the lofty clouds of Heaven. *Civilization* was presented at Toronto International Film Festival and the Fondation Beyeler in Basel, Switzerland.

It was a permanent installation at The Standard in New York City until 2021 when it was replaced with *Heaven's Gate,* the latest of Brambilla's *Megaplex* series.

##### *Evolution* (2010)

*Evolution* illustrates the history of humankind in a vast side-scrolling video mural depicting the spectacle of human conflict across time through the lens of cinema. *Evolution* was part of the "Official Selection" at the 68th Venice International Film Festival in 2011 and the Sundance Film Festival in 2012.

##### *Creation* (2012)

Set between the birth and death of the universe, Creation presents an abstract cycle of life, depicted within spiraling DNA strands in the form of a cosmic pull back. The big bang is followed by embryonic inception, an idyllic Garden of Eden, then decadent urban sprawls eventually giving way to a landscape of annihilation before reconstituting itself as the spiral loops back to the moment of origin. *Creation* was presented at Fondation Beyeler in 2015, SITE in Santa Fe, New Mexico, as well as inside St. Patrick's Old Cathedral in New York City.

##### *Heaven's Gate* (2021)

The title alludes to Michael Cimino’s 1980 film of the same name, whose extravagant production costs bankrupted United Artists, opening the path for a new and lasting era of studio domination of the medium, which has continued to prevail.

In May 2021, *Heaven's Gate* premiered at The Shed, Hudson Yards, New York City. *Heaven's Gate* was a major exhibition at the Pérez Art Museum Miami, which opened in June 2021. In October 2021, *Heaven's Gate* replaced the permanent installation of Civilization (Megaplex) at The Standard in New York City.

#### Public installations

In 2001, Brambilla was commissioned by Creative Time to present on the Jumbotron screen in Times Square, New York City, titled *Superstar*. Inspired by Yves Klein’s photograph *Leap into the Void* (1960), *Superstar* presents a subject appearing perpetually frozen in time while the document of the moment itself slowly descends. Filmed in a pre-*Matrix* era, the performance in *Superstar* was captured with 180 cameras mounted in a 360-degree ring that show a 1/500 second wedge of time.

In 2013, as part of the Art Production Fund, Brambilla presented his site-specific video installation at Time Warner Center titled *Anthropocene,* which uses LiDAR scanning technologies to track the terrain from the southwest corner to the northeast corner of New York's Central Park, displayed on two intersecting cinematic channels. In March 2015, he presented *Apollo XVIII* at Times Square – a video-installation of countdown to a fictitious flight to the Moon using archival footage from real NASA missions and computer-generated imagery.

In 2019, Creative Time and Art Production Fund commissioned Brambilla to create *Nude Descending a Staircase No.3,* which was screened at World Trade Center station. *Nude Descending a Staircase No.3* reimagines the iconic Marcel Duchamp painting, *Nude Descending a Staircase No. 2*, into the dimension of time using machine-learning technology. The installation was also at the Biennale Némo in Paris, France, as well as the Maison Margiela stores in SoHo, New York, and Miami, Florida.

In the same year, Brambilla created an art-video backdrop for the opera *Pelléas et Mélisande* by Claude Debussy at the Opera Vlaanderen – a collaborative performance piece with artists Marina Abramović, Damien Jalet, Sidi Larbi Cherkaoui, and Iris van Herpen. The backdrop was created using archival footage from NASA to "create a 'symbolist' journey through the cosmos which unfolds onstage."

In 2020, Brambilla also produced the "visual intermezzos" for Abramović's opera 7 *Deaths of Maria Callas.* Inspired by cloud tank photography used in films like *Kwaidan*, *2001: A Space Odyssey* and *Breaking The Waves*, Brambilla employed particle simulations to create impressionistic yet hyper-realistic skies that "set the tone for aria Callas’ psychological condition, or her characters in the seven different operas she played in. Each intermezzo represented a specific state of mind as she reached the end of her life."

#### Other projects

In 2010, Brambilla was commissioned by Kanye West to direct his music video for 'Power'. In an interview with *Vulture*, he described the work as a "video portrait of Kanye," depicted in a reinvention of a neoclassical painting. During the same year, he directed a trailer for the third-person shooter *Spec Ops: The Line*, developed by Yager Development. In 2020, Brambilla created *The Four Temperaments* where Cate Blanchett performs four sets of distinct character types divided according to a personality classification first defined by the Greek philosopher, Galen. In November 2021, *The Four Temperaments* was part of a group exhibition on augmented reality at the Phi Centre in Montreal, Quebec.

During the same year, he also participated in the group-show *Terminal* in City Gallery Wellington, New Zealand, with his video installation *Approach* (1999). Filmed at John F. Kennedy Airport, passengers arriving from long-haul flights enter the terminal looking for contact with someone familiar. The footage was shot on camcorders equipped with telephoto lenses and slowed down to emphasize the moment of transition that each subject experiences as they arrive. Similarly to *Approach*, *Transit,* a collection of photographs Brambilla took in and around airports, was published by Booth-Clibborn Editions in 2000.

### Film

#### *"Sync,"* *Destricted*

His short film *Sync* (2005) was screened at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival and at the Sundance Film Festival as part of film anthology *Destricted*. *Sync* is Brambilla’s first sampled video work and is a reflection of the rising threshold to graphic sex and brutality in contemporary popular culture and film.

#### *Demolition Man*

Brambilla made his directorial debut with the futuristic action film *Demolition Man,* premiered October 8, 1993, starring Sylvester Stallone, Wesley Snipes and Sandra Bullock. The film debuted at No. 1 on the box office. and grossed $58,055,768 by the end of its box office run in North America and $159,055,768 worldwide.

## Awards and recognition

Brambilla received the Tiffany Comfort Foundation Award for Film and Video in 2002 and the Colbert Foundation award in 2000.

## Selected projects

* *Heaven's Gate*, 2021, single-channel 8K video installation
* *Creation (Megaplex)*, 2020, single-channel high-definition video installation
* "The Seven Deaths of Maria Callas", 2020, visual intermezzos for Marina Abramović's opera
* "Pelléas et Mélisande (opera)", 2019
* *Nude Descending A Staircase No. 3*, 2019, 3-channel high-definition video installation
* *The Master Builder*, 2019, single-channel 3-D video installation
* *Lunar Atlas*, 2016, multi-channel high-definition video installation
* *Crystal Observatory*, 2015, high-definition video installation
* *Constellation*, 2015, high-definition video projection
* *Apollo XVII*, 2015, 4K ultra-high definition, dual-screen video tile display in custom enclosure
* *Echo*, 2014, ultra high-definition video installation
* *Anthropocene*, 2013, 3-channel video installation
* *Creation (Megaplex)*, 2012, single-channel high-definition video installation. Collection Borusan Contemporary, Istanbul
* *Civilization (Megaplex) 3-D*, 2011, single-channel high-definition video installation. Collection Borusan Contemporary, Istanbul
* *Evolution (Megaplex) 3-D*, 2010, single-channel high-definition video installation. Collection Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo and Borusan Contemporary, Istanbul
* *Civilization* *(Megaplex)*, 2008, single-channel high-definition video installation
* "Power", 2010, music video performed by Kanye West. Collection Museum of Moving Image, New York
* *Cathedral*, 2007, single-channel high-definition video installation
* *Sync*, 2005, 3-channel video installation
* *Half-Life*, 2002, 3-channel video installation
* *Wall of Death*, 2001, single-channel video installation. Collection Museum of Modern Art (MOMA), New York
* *Approach*, 1999, 4-channel video installation suspended in custom enclosures with ceiling mounts. Collection Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.
* *Getaway*, 1999, single-channel video installation
* *Cyclorama*, 1999, 9-channel video installation. Collection San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA)

## Filmography

## InfoBox

| Marco Brambilla | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1960-09-25) 25 September 1960
Milan, Italy |
| Known for |
Video artist
Filmmaker |
| Awards | The Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation |
| Website | marcobrambilla.com |