title: 1983 New Jersey Generals season

text:
# 1983 New Jersey Generals season

From the beginning, USFL founder David Dixon placed a premium on putting a team in the New York area. Initially, Donald Trump was tapped to own the team. However, he backed out after paying an initial installment on the franchise fee, hoping instead to buy the struggling Baltimore Colts of the NFL. Needing a credible owner with the means to front a team in the nation's biggest market, Dixon persuaded Oklahoma oil magnate J. Walter Duncan to step in. Duncan had originally been slated to own the USFL's Chicago franchise, as he'd grown up in Chicago. However, he readily agreed to shift to New York.

Duncan took on former New England Patriots coach Chuck Fairbanks as a minority partner; Duncan knew Fairbanks from his days as head coach at the University of Oklahoma. Fairbanks also served as general manager and head coach. They initially had an uphill battle to get a lease at Giants Stadium, but were able to obtain one on condition that they brand their team as "New Jersey" rather than "New York." They named the team the "Generals" after the large number of generals based in New Jersey during the Revolutionary War.

The team made a big splash by signing Heisman Trophy-winning underclassman Herschel Walker, a running back from the University of Georgia. While the USFL had followed the NFL's lead in banning underclassmen from playing, league officials were certain that this rule would never withstand a court challenge. In an even more ominous development, Walker did not sign a standard player contract. Rather, he agreed to a three-year personal-services contract with Duncan. The contract was valued at $4.2 million—more than double the USFL's salary cap of $1.8 million. Nonetheless, the other owners knew having the incumbent Heisman winner in their fold would lend the USFL instant credibility, and allowed the contract to stand.

Despite the signing of Walker, who rushed for 1,812 yards and 17 touchdowns, the Generals finished their inaugural season with a 6–12 record. This was largely due to a porous defense which gave up the third-most points in the league (437) and a feeble passing attack led by ex-New Orleans Saints career backup Bobby Scott.

## Personnel

### Staff

**1983 New Jersey Generals staff**
|  | **Front office**
**Head coaches**
**Offensive coaches** |  |  | **Defensive coaches*** Defensive Coordinator - Doug Knotts * Defensive line – George Wheeler * Linebackers – Doug Knotts * Defensive backs – Dick Moseley  **Special teams coaches**

 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

### Roster

**1983 New Jersey Generals final roster**
|  | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Quarterbacks** **Running backs**
**Wide receivers**
**Tight ends** |  | **Offensive linemen** **Defensive linemen**
* 95 Joe Cugliari DE/DT * 96 James Lockette DE * 90 Mel Lunsford DE * 93 Richard Murray DE * 95 Ben Watts DT/DE * 98 Ricky Williamson DE/DT * 71 Tom Woodland DT |  | **Linebackers** **Defensive backs**
* 24 Terry Daniels CB * 26 Don Harris S * 22 Warren Harvey CB * 23 William Holliday CB * 28 Eric Johnson S * 21 Keith Moody S/CB * 37 Dana Joel CB * 27 Sam Sopp S/CB * 29 Mike Williams CB  **Special teams** |  | **Practice squad** {{{Practice Squad}}}

*Rookies in italics*
 |

## USFL Draft

| Round | Pick | Player | Position | School |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 5 | Gary Anderson | Running Back | Arkansas |
| 2 | 22 | Mark Stewart | Linebacker | Washington |
| 2 | 24 | Darryl Talley | Linebacker | Washington |
| 3 | 27 | Ramsey Dardar | Defensive Tackle | LSU |
| 4 | 46 | Wes Hopkins | Defensive Back | SMU |
| 5 | 51 | Wayne Harris | Guard | Mississippi State |
| 5 | 60 | Mark Cooper | Offensive Tackle | Miami |
| 6 | 70 | Randy Grimes | Center | Bayler |
| 7 | 75 | Kent Hull | Center | Mississippi State |
| 8 | 94 | Maurice Carthon | Running Back | Arkansas State |
| 9 | 99 | Marlin Russell | Linebacker | Toledo |
| 10 | 118 | Charles Benson | Defensive End | Baylor |
| 11 | 123 | Danny Walters | Defensive Back | Arkansas |
| 12 | 142 | Bryan Millard | Offensive Tackle | Texas |
| 13 | 147 | Ricky Williamson | Defensive End | Mars Hill |
| 14 | 166 | James Britt | Defensive Back | LSU |

## Schedule

| Week | Day | Date | TV | Opponent | Results | | Location | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | Score | Record | | |
| 1 | Sunday | March 6 | ABC | at Los Angeles Express | 15-20 | 0-1 | Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum | 34,002 |
| 2 | Sunday | March 13 | ABC | at Philadelphia Stars | 0-25 | 0-2 | Veterans Stadium | 38,205 |
| 3 | Sunday | March 20 |  | Tampa Bay Bandits | 9-32 | 0-3 | Giants Stadium | 53,307 |
| 4 | Sunday | March 27 |  | Boston Breakers | 21-31 | 0-4 | Giants Stadium | 41,218 |
| 5 | Sunday | April 3 |  | at Arizona Wranglers | 35-21 | 1-4 | Sun Devil Stadium | 31,382 |
| 6 | Sunday | April 10 | ESPN | Michigan Panthers | 6-21 | 1-5 | Giants Stadium | 17,648 |
| 7 | Sunday | April 17 | ABC | Washington Federals | 23-22 | 2-5 | Giants Stadium | 35,381 |
| 8 | Monday | April 25 | ESPN | at Chicago Blitz | 14-17 (OT) | 2-6 | Soldier Field | 32,182 |
| 9 | Sunday | May 1 | ABC | at Denver Gold | 34-29 | 3-6 | Mile High Stadium | 47,940 |
| 10 | Monday | May 9 | ESPN | Birmingham Stallions | 7-22 | 3-7 | Giants Stadium | 38,374 |
| 11 | Monday | May 16 | ESPN | at Michigan Panthers | 24-31 | 3-8 | Pontiac Silverdome | 32,862 |
| 12 | Sunday | May 22 | ABC | Chicago Blitz | 13-19 (OT) | 3-9 | Giants Stadium | 33,812 |
| 13 | Sunday | May 29 |  | at Washington Federals | 32-29 | 4-9 | RFK Stadium | 11,264 |
| 14 | Saturday | June 4 | ESPN | at Oakland Invaders | 21-34 | 4-10 | Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum | 32,908 |
| 15 | Sunday | June 12 |  | Philadelphia Stars | 9-23 | 4-11 | Giants Stadium | 20,500 |
| 16 | Saturday | June 17 | ABC | Los Angeles Express | 20-12 | 5-11 | Giants Stadium | 31,807 |
| 17 | Sunday | June 25 | ESPN | Arizona Wranglers | 21-14 | 6-11 | Giants Stadium | 30,612 |
| 18 | Sunday | July 3 |  | at Boston Breakers | 10-34 | 6-12 | Nickerson Field | 15,798 |
|

## Rewards

| Award | Winner | Position |
| --- | --- | --- |
| All-USFL Team | Herschel Walker | RB |
| USFL Outstanding Running Back | Herschel Walker | RB |
| USFL Rushing Yards Leader | Herschel Walker | RB |
| USFL Rushing Touchdown Leader | Herschel Walker | RB |

## Final Statistics

### Offense

| Generals Passing | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | C/ATT | Yds | TD | INT |
| Bobby Scott | 167/296 | 2174 | 7 | 16 |
| Jeff Knapple | 82/164 | 1017 | 3 | 10 |
| Dave Boisture | 16/35 | 160 | 1 | 2 |
| Gene Bradley | 7/19 | 81 | 1 | 1 |
| Mike Friede | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Generals Rushing | | | | |
|  | Car | Yds | TD | LG |
| Herschel Walker | 412 | 1812 | 17 | 83 |
| Maurice Carthon | 90 | 334 | 3 | 14 |
| Dwight Sullivan | 47 | 205 | 4 | 20 |
| Walter Tullis | 17 | 123 | 1 | 33 |
| Thomas lott | 18 | 110 | 1 | 16 |
| Bobby Scott | 19 | 71 | 0 | 14 |
| Dave Boisture | 7 | 45 | 0 | 11 |
| Vickey Ray Anderson | 5 | 29 | 0 | 9 |
| Jeff Knapple | 4 | 25 | 0 | 10 |
| Larry Coffey | 6 | 20 | 0 | 12 |
| Mark Slawson | 2 | 18 | 0 | 12 |
| Sam Bowers | 2 | 15 | 0 | 8 |
| Lance Olander | 3 | 11 | 0 | 6 |
| Tom McConnaughey | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Dave Jacobs | 1 | –5 | 0 | –5 |
| Victor Hicks | 2 | –11 | 0 | –11 |
| Generals Receiving | | | | |
|  | Rec | Yds | TD | LG |
| Herschel Walker | 53 | 489 | 1 | 65 |
| Sam Bowers | 43 | 719 | 1 | 49 |
| Tom McConnaughey | 42 | 691 | 3 | 37 |
| Mike Friede | 25 | 379 | 1 | 27 |
| Victor Hicks | 20 | 267 | 3 | 40 |
| Maurice Carthon | 20 | 170 | 0 | 22 |
| Dwight Sullivan | 20 | 99 | 0 | 11 |
| Larry Brodsky | 19 | 239 | 1 | 31 |
| Mark Slawson | 17 | 259 | 1 | 27 |
| Larry Coffey | 6 | 56 | 0 | 27 |
| Vickey Ray Anderson | 5 | 22 | 1 | 7 |
| Walter Tullis | 2 | 52 | 0 | 37 |

### Defense

| Generals Sacks | |
| --- | --- |
|  | Sacks |
| Mike Weddington | 6.0 |
| James Lockette | 4.5 |
| Terry Daniels | 4.0 |
| Rod Shoate | 4.0 |
| Tom Woodland | 3.0 |
| Ricky Williamson | 2.5 |
| Mike McKibben | 2.0 |
| Joe Cugliari | 2.0 |
| Richard Murray | 1.0 |
| Mel Lunsford | 1.0 |
| Scott Dawson | 1.0 |
| Maurice Clemmons | 1.0 |
| Donnie Harris | 1.0 |
| Sam Sopp | 0.5 |
| Rod Skillman | 0.5 |
| Steve Hammond | 0.5 |

| Generals Interceptions | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Int | Yds | TD | LG | PD |
| Mike Williams | 8 | 68 | 0 | 26 |  |
| Terry Daniels | 4 | 26 | 0 | 23 |  |
| Keith Moody | 3 | 27 | 0 | 16 |  |
| Sam Sopp | 3 | 22 | 0 | 15 |  |
| Rod Skillman | 1 | 4 | 0 | 4 |  |
| Dana Noel | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |  |
| Rod Shoate | 2 | 50 | 0 | 31 |  |

| Generals Fumbles | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | FF | Fmb | FR | Yds | TD |
| Herschel Walker |  | 12 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Thomas Lott |  | 2 | 6 | 0 | –1 |
| Bobby Scott |  | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Jeff Knapple |  | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Maurice Carthon |  | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dwight Sullivan |  | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Sam Bowers |  | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Larry Coffy |  | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Rod Skillman |  | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| William Holliday |  | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Dave Boisture |  | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Frank Naylor |  | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Larry Brodsky |  | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Victor Hicks |  | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Walter Tullis |  | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
|

### Special Teams

| Generals Kicking | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | FGM–FGA | XPM–XPA |
| John Roveto | 7-13 | 15-15 |

| Generals Punting | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Pnt | Yds | Lng | Blck |
| Lance Olander | 54 | 1998 | 57 | 0 |
| Dave Jacobs | 23 | 788 | 51 | 0 |

| Generals Kick Returns | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Ret | Yds | TD | Lng |
| Thomas Lott | 53 | 1160 | 0 | 37 |
| Larry Coffy | 6 | 113 | 0 | 39 |
| Lance Olander | 6 | 89 | 0 | 22 |
| Dwight Sullivan | 5 | 85 | 0 | 23 |
| Herschel Walker | 3 | 69 | 0 | 27 |
| Mike Williams | 2 | 49 | 0 | 30 |
| Mike Weddington | 4 | 41 | 0 | 14 |
| Vickey Ray Anderson | 1 | 19 | 0 | 19 |
| Walter Tullis | 1 | 7 | 0 | 7 |
| Mike Friede | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

| Generals Punt Returns | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Ret | Yds | TD | Lng |
| Thomas Lott | 25 | 155 | 0 | 17 |
| Mike Williams | 5 | 58 | 0 | 18 |
|

## Standings

| **Atlantic Division** | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W | L | T | PCT | PF | PA | Stadium | 1983 Capacity | Avg. Att. | Avg. % filled | Coach |
| y-Philadelphia Stars | 15 | 3 | 0 | .833 | 379 | 204 | Veterans Stadium | 72,204 | 18,650 | 26% | Jim Mora |
| Boston Breakers | 11 | 7 | 0 | .611 | 399 | 334 | Nickerson Field | 21,000 | 12,817 | 61% | Dick Coury |
| New Jersey Generals | 6 | 12 | 0 | .333 | 314 | 437 | Giants Stadium | 76,891 | 35,004 | 46% | Chuck Fairbanks |
| Washington Federals | 4 | 14 | 0 | .222 | 297 | 422 | RFK Stadium | 54,794 | 13,850 | 25% | Ray Jauch |
|

## InfoBox

| 1983 New Jersey Generals season | |
| --- | --- |
| Owner | J. Walter Duncan |
| General manager | Chuck Fairbanks |
| Head coach | Chuck Fairbanks |
| Home field | Giants Stadium |
| Results | |
| Record | 6-12 |
| Division place | 3rd Atlantic Division |
| Playoff finish | *Did not qualify* |
| Uniform | |
|  | |
|


title: Opalin

abstract: Opalin is a protein that is encoded in humans by the OPALIN gene.

text:
# Opalin

**Opalin** is a protein that is encoded in humans by the *OPALIN* gene.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| OPALIN | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | OPALIN, HTMP10, TMEM10, TMP10, oligodendrocytic myelin paranodal and inner loop protein | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 617200; MGI: 2657025; HomoloGene: 13237; GeneCards: OPALIN; OMA:OPALIN - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)      NM\_153520   RefSeq (protein)      NP\_705740   Location (UCSC) n/a Chr 19: 41.05 – 41.07 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Zabagnie, Lesser Poland Voivodeship

abstract: Zabagnie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wolbrom, within Olkusz County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) west of Wolbrom, 19 km (12 mi) north-east of Olkusz, and 41 km (25 mi) north of the regional capital Kraków.

text:
# Zabagnie, Lesser Poland Voivodeship

**Zabagnie** \[zaˈbaɡɲɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wolbrom, within Olkusz County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) west of Wolbrom, 19 km (12 mi) north-east of Olkusz, and 41 km (25 mi) north of the regional capital Kraków.

## InfoBox

| Zabagnie | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Zabagnie | |
| Coordinates: 50°24′8″N 19°44′29″E / 50.40222°N 19.74139°E / 50.40222; 19.74139 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lesser Poland |
| County | Olkusz |
| Gmina | Wolbrom |


title: Virgin Forest

abstract: Virgin Forest is a 1985 Filipino war drama directed by Peque Gallaga from a story written by T.E. Pagaspas, adapted into a screenplay by Rosauro Q. Dela Cruz. A self-described B-movie, it stars Sarsi Emmanuel, Chayong, a barrio lass of Chinese ancestry; Miguel Rodriguez as Alfonsito, a Filipino-Spanish ilustrado; and Abel Jurado as Alipio, the lover of Sarsi's character. It also stars Leo Martinez, Ama Quiambao, Bruce Fanger, and Bob Zwanziger.

text:
# Virgin Forest

***Virgin Forest*** is a 1985 Filipino war drama directed by Peque Gallaga from a story written by T.E. Pagaspas, adapted into a screenplay by Rosauro Q. Dela Cruz. A self-described B-movie, it stars Sarsi Emmanuel, Chayong, a barrio lass of Chinese ancestry; Miguel Rodriguez as Alfonsito, a Filipino-Spanish ilustrado; and Abel Jurado as Alipio, the lover of Sarsi's character. It also stars Leo Martinez, Ama Quiambao, Bruce Fanger, and Bob Zwanziger.

## Synopsis

The film is set in the 1900s during the First Philippine Republic. Macabebe soldiers are trying to capture Emilio Aguinaldo. Alfonisto (Miguel Rodriguez) and Chayong (Sarsi Emmanuel) are caught up in this pursuit and in a love triangle. In the end, Aguinaldo is captured and the Macabebe soldiers are killed.

## Plot

In the town of San Mateo, Tayabas on March 19, 1901, Chayong and Alipio, who were having sex in the beaches, were caught by the Guardia Civil and imprisoned in the town jail. On the same day, the revolutionaries took control of the town from the Americans and captured all of its Spaniard population.

## Cast

* Sarsi Emmanuel as Chayong
* Miguel Rodriguez as Alfonsito
* Abel Jurado as Alipio
* Jed Arboleda as Fonseca
* Arbie Antonio as Lt. Col. Pablo Dalmacio
* Bruce Fanger as Gallagher
* Bob Zwanziger as Snyder
* Ama Quiambao as Nana Isay
* Turko Cervantes and Pen Medina as leaders of the Macabebes
* Peque Gallaga as Kamaggay
* Leo Martinez as Hepe Elpidio Sales, the chief of the Guardia Civil
* Cris Daluz as Mayordomo
* Alfredo Saludares as the Mayordomo's son
* Mario Taguiwalo and Abbo Q. Dela Cruz as Guardia Civil soldiers
* Pepito Bosch as Priest
* Ray Ventura as Chua Tek

## Production

*Virgin Forest* is director Brillante Mendoza's first film production, working as the production designer under the name Dante Mendoza.

1. The name "T.E. Pagaspas" is a collective name that consists of directors Peque Gallaga and Lore Reyes, writer Rosauro Q. Dela Cruz, and production designer Don Escudero.

## InfoBox

| Virgin Forest | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Peque Gallaga |
| Screenplay by | Rosauro Q. de la Cruz |
| Story by | T.E. Pagaspas |
| Produced by | Lily Yu Monteverde |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Conrado Baltazar |
| Edited by | Jess Navarro |
| Music by | Jaime Fabregas |
| Production<br>company | Regal Films |
| Distributed by | Regal Films |
| Release date | * January 22, 1985 (1985-01-22) |
| Running time | 139 minutes |
| Country | Philippines |
| Languages |  |


title: Open Hearing (Australian TV program)

abstract: Open Hearing is an Australian television program which aired 1960 to 1961 on ABC Television. Hosted by Malcolm Mackay, it was a panel discussion program in which topical subject matters would be discussed. The first episode aired 29 August 1960. In one episode, the topic was What is the Future of New Guinea, while in another episode the topic was How can we develop the north of Australia.

text:
# Open Hearing (Australian TV program)

***Open Hearing*** is an Australian television program which aired 1960 to 1961 on ABC Television. Hosted by Malcolm Mackay, it was a panel discussion program in which topical subject matters would be discussed. The first episode aired 29 August 1960.

In one episode, the topic was *What is the Future of New Guinea*, while in another episode the topic was *How can we develop the north of Australia*.

## InfoBox

| *Open Hearing* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Panel discussion |
| Presented by | Malcolm Mackay |
| Country of origin | Australia |
| Original language | English |
| Original release | |
| Network | ABC Television |
| Release | 29 August 1960 (1960-08-29) <br>1961 (1961) |


title: Mordellistena callens

abstract: Mordellistena callens is a beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1891 by George Charles Champion.

text:
# Mordellistena callens

***Mordellistena callens*** is a beetle in the genus *Mordellistena* of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1891 by George Charles Champion.

## InfoBox

| *Mordellistena callens* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Genus: | *Mordellistena* |
| Species: | ***M. callens*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordellistena callens***<br>Champion, 1891 | |
|


title: Peng Jinhui

abstract: Peng Jinhui is a Chinese engineer, administrator and politician currently serving as a deputy head of the Organization Department of the Chinese Communist Party. Previously, he served as heads of the Organization Department of both the Hainan and Chongqing Committees of the CCP. He was president of Yunnan Minzu University between 2013 and 2016 and president of Kunming University of Science and Technology between 2016 and 2018. He is of Yi ethnicity. He is an alternate member of the 19th Central Committee of the CCP.

text:
# Peng Jinhui

**Peng Jinhui** (Chinese: 彭金辉; born December 1964) is a Chinese engineer, administrator and politician currently serving as a deputy head of the Organization Department of the Chinese Communist Party. Previously, he served as heads of the Organization Department of both the Hainan and Chongqing Committees of the CCP. He was president of Yunnan Minzu University between 2013 and 2016 and president of Kunming University of Science and Technology between 2016 and 2018. He is of Yi ethnicity. He is an alternate member of the 19th Central Committee of the CCP.

## Biography

Peng was born in Jingdong Yi Autonomous County, Yunnan, in December 1964. He received his M.S. and a PhD degree in metallurgy from Kunming University of Science and Technology. After graduating, he taught at the university. He joined the Chinese Communist Party in July 1989. He carried out postdoctoral research at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology from 1994 to 1996 and Brunel University London from 1999 to 2000. His career transitioned from research to administration when he was appointed as vice-president of Kunming University of Science and Technology in January 2014. In September 2013 he was promoted again to become president of Yunnan Minzu University. In February 2016, he was transferred back to Kunming University of Science and Technology and appointed the president.

He began his political career in 2018, when he was appointed vice-governor of Hainan in January. He concurrently served as CCP Committee Secretary of Yangpu Economic Development Zone. In October 2018 he succeeded Wang Ruilian as head of Organization Department of the CCP Hainan Committee. On December 9, 2020, he was transferred to Chongqing and appointed head of Organization Department of the CCP Chongqing Committee, replacing Hu Wenrong.

## Honours and awards

## InfoBox

| Peng Jinhui | |
| --- | --- |
| 彭金辉 | |
|  | |
| Head of Organization Department of the CPC Chongqing Committee | |
| **In office**
9 December 2020  23 May 2022 | |
| Preceded by | Hu Wenrong |
| Succeeded by | Cai Yunge |
| Head of Organization Department of the CPC Hainan Committee | |
| **In office**
October 2018  December 2020 | |
| Preceded by | Wang Ruilian |
| Succeeded by | Xu Qifang |
| President of Kunming University of Science and Technology | |
| **In office**
February 2016  January 2018 | |
| Preceded by | Zhang Yingjie |
| Succeeded by | Wang Xueqin |
| President of Yunnan Minzu University | |
| **In office**
September 2013  February 2016 | |
| Preceded by | Zhen Chaodang |
| Succeeded by | Na Jinhua |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | December 1964 (age 59)
Jingdong Yi Autonomous County, Yunnan, China |
| Political party | Chinese Communist Party |
| Alma mater | Kunming University of Science and Technology
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Brunel University London |
| Occupation | Engineer, administrator, politician |
|  | |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Metallurgy |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Chinese name | |
| Traditional Chinese |  |
| Simplified Chinese |  |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Péng Jīnhuī | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Zipless

abstract: Zipless is the first solo album by singer Vanessa Daou, released in 1994.

text:
# Zipless

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Muzik* |  |
| *Slant Magazine* |  |

***Zipless*** is the first solo album by singer Vanessa Daou, released in 1994.

## Track listing

1. "The Long Tunnel of Wanting You"
2. "Dear Anne Sexton"
3. "Alcestis on the Poetry Circuit"
4. "Sunday Afternoons" - single
5. "Autumn Perspective"
6. "Near The Black Forest" - single
7. "My Love Is too Much"
8. "Becoming a Nun"
9. "Smoke"
10. "Autumn Reprise"

1. "Zipless Vanessa Daou". *AllMusic*.
2. Newsome, Rachel (December 1995). "Vanessa Daou: *Zipless*" (PDF). *Muzik*. No. 7. pp. 81–82. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 April 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
3. "Music". *Slant Magazine*.
4. Rosen, Craig (Jun 3, 1995). "Krasnow label to make 'Zipless' debut". *Billboard*. Vol. 107, no. 22. p. 7.
5. Vibe - Nov 1996 - Page 147 KRASNOW/MCA Vanessa Daou's breathy, intimate vocals stride clear across the jazz-inflected dance pop of Slow to Burn. Less explicit than last year's Zipless, Daou's new songs are cinematic vignettes inspired by various female cultural ...

## InfoBox

| Zipless | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Vanessa Daou | |
| Released | 1994 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 40:59 |
| Label | MCA |
| Producer | Peter Daou |
| Vanessa Daou chronology | |
| *Head Music*
(1992) ***Zipless***
(1994) *Slow to Burn*
(1996) | |


title: Hannah Rose (album)

abstract: Hannah Rose is the first studio album by Hannah Rose. Dream Records released the album on May 7, 2013.

text:
# Hannah Rose (album)

***Hannah Rose*** is the first studio album by Hannah Rose. Dream Records released the album on May 7, 2013.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Christian Music Zine | 4.25/5 |
| CM Addict |  |
| Indie Vision Music |  |
| Louder Than the Music |  |
| New Release Tuesday |  |

Awarding the album three stars from New Release Tuesday, Sarah Fine states, "while this might not be a perfect album, her enthusiasm for creating something substantial is to be applauded." Jonathan Andre, rating the album three stars for Indie Vision Music, writes, "Well done Hannah for such a well-rounded album full of moments of hope, peace, encouragement and motivation!" Giving the album three and a half stars at Louder Than the Music, Jono Davies says, "If you know someone who enjoys listening to female pop vocalists, then Hannah Rose is a brilliant choice of album for them to get into." Grace Thorson, awarding the album four stars from CM Addict, states, "Keep writing, Hannah Rose. You’re off to an awesome beginning!" Rating the album 4.25 out of five for Christian Music Zine, Joshua Andre writes, "Hannah Rose’s debut is reflective and contemplative, yet fun, bubbly and refreshing as well."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Hannah Rose

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Sea of Love" | 3:50 |
| 2. | "It's a Good Life" | 3:33 |
| 3. | "Eye of the Storm" | 3:13 |
| 4. | "Permanent Love Scar" | 3:30 |
| 5. | "You and Me" | 3:34 |
| 6. | "Keep Moving Forward" | 4:15 |
| 7. | "When the Music Stops" | 2:52 |
| 8. | "I Love You for That" | 3:40 |
| 9. | "Wasting Time" | 3:25 |
| 10. | "So and So" | 3:14 |
| Total length: | | 35:06 |

## InfoBox

| Hannah Rose | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Hannah Rose | |
| Released | May 7, 2013 (2013-05-07) |
| Genre | CCM, electropop |
| Length | 35:06 |
| Label | Dream |


title: Robert Altenkirch

abstract: Robert A. Altenkirch was the President of University of Alabama in Huntsville and the New Jersey Institute of Technology.

text:
# Robert Altenkirch

**Robert A. Altenkirch** was the President of University of Alabama in Huntsville and the New Jersey Institute of Technology.

## Life

Altenkirch holds a B.S. from Purdue University, a M.S. from the University of California, Berkeley, and a Ph.D. from Purdue University, all in Mechanical Engineering. He is the author of over 50 publications and nearly 100 presentations in combustion and heat transfer and served as principal investigator for ten Space Shuttle experiments investigating the spread of fire in reduced gravity. He is a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. While an undergraduate at Purdue, Altenkirch became a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity.

From 1988 to 1995, Altenkirch was professor of mechanical engineering and dean of the College of Engineering at Mississippi State University (MSU). While dean of engineering at MSU, he led the effort to secure National Science Foundation (NSF) funding for the establishment of the MSU Engineering Research Center for Computational Field Simulation in 1990. He also served as professor and chair of mechanical engineering at the University of Kentucky. He served as professor of mechanical and materials engineering and dean of the College of Engineering and Architecture at Washington State University.

He was vice president for research at Mississippi State University. During his tenure as vice president, science and engineering expenditures, as reported to NSF, increased by 75 percent from 1997 to 2001. In addition to the research program, his responsibilities encompassed congressional relations, intellectual property management and economic development.

From 2003 until 2011, Altenkirch was the seventh president of the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT).

On September 21, 2011, Dr. Altenkirch was named the new president of the University of Alabama in Huntsville. He retired from the position in June 2019.


title: Robert Altman (photographer)

abstract: Robert Mark Altman was an American photographer. Altman attended Hunter College at the City University of New York and studied psychology and anthropology. Initially he had no intention of becoming a photographer, and said that the camera he wore around his neck was essentially just a prop to "meet girls". However, after graduation, he opened a shop called the Electric Lotus and displayed some of his photographs on a notice board here. The reaction here was so positive that Ansel Adams ended up taking him on as a photography apprentice. He was soon hired as a photojournalist by Rolling Stone magazine. Here he was able to capture shots of the Rolling Stones while in the recording studio, and also captured shots of artists such as Joni Mitchell and Iggy Pop at music festivals. He found that being a photographer opened doors to places where others were not allowed, and he was able to closely follow the stars and capture images that immortalised the 1960s culture. Following his early success as chief staff photographer for Rolling Stone he expanded into fashion photography and fine art. He became a television producer/director for KEMO-TV, an independent station in the San Francisco Bay Area. For a decade beginning in the mid-1990s, Altman taught web design and photoshop as adjunct professor for several institutions including San Francisco State University and the University of California, Berkeley.

text:
# Robert Altman (photographer)

**Robert Mark Altman** (October 10, 1944 – September 24, 2021) was an American photographer. Altman attended Hunter College at the City University of New York and studied psychology and anthropology. Initially he had no intention of becoming a photographer, and said that the camera he wore around his neck was essentially just a prop to "meet girls". However, after graduation, he opened a shop called the Electric Lotus and displayed some of his photographs on a notice board here. The reaction here was so positive that Ansel Adams ended up taking him on as a photography apprentice.

He was soon hired as a photojournalist by *Rolling Stone* magazine. Here he was able to capture shots of the Rolling Stones while in the recording studio, and also captured shots of artists such as Joni Mitchell and Iggy Pop at music festivals. He found that being a photographer opened doors to places where others were not allowed, and he was able to closely follow the stars and capture images that immortalised the 1960s culture. Following his early success as chief staff photographer for *Rolling Stone* he expanded into fashion photography and fine art. He became a television producer/director for KEMO-TV, an independent station in the San Francisco Bay Area. For a decade beginning in the mid-1990s, Altman taught web design and photoshop as adjunct professor for several institutions including San Francisco State University and the University of California, Berkeley.

## Background

"Robert Altman's photography was instrumental in portraying the look and feeling and vitality of the Sixties." —Jann Wenner, Founder and Publisher of Rolling Stone Magazine

Altman has exhibited at Abbey Road Studios in London, The Beat Museum in San Francisco, Bethel Woods Center for the Arts, the Newseum in New York City, the Georgia Historical Society. Altman has been published in dozens of books, magazines and newspapers and his work is a part of the permanent collections of The San Francisco Public Library, The Library of Congress in Washington DC, The Smithsonian Institution, The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and the Kodak Rock Photography Collection.

During the summer of 2009, Altman collaborated with Macy's Herald Square in New York and filled most of the store's 49 windows with 175 images of his work as part of their "Art Under Glass" series.

In May 2010, he was presented with a Doctor of Arts, *Honoris Causa*, from Digital Media Arts College.

## Work

"The Sixties: Photographs" is a point of reference for Acid culture, Summer of Love, Rock, and Flower Power generation. This collection of photographs portrays iconic musicians, celebrities, rock stars and fans together. Altman's work captures the free flow atmosphere of this 1960's time period. His exploration in this collection book compliments Woodstock, and all the unique, emotion that it consisted of.

Such photographs are of documented live footage of audiences explorations of themselves and being free-spirited individuals. The themes of summer love are heavily implied through the "oneness" each individual feels. The connections between fans to their favourite performer illustrates the significance of Woodstock as a milestone in history.

Altman's work consists of presenting what is bare, raw, and natural to the viewer. The 1960s was a decade filled with protest, revolutionary ideologies, and freedom. His style of work presents experience. The livelihood of the Hippie Movement displayed simply through the photographic composition that Altman has learned from Ansel Adams.

The most prominent rule of composition that defines Robert Altman's art in photography is his perspective. The angles that are staged to capture moments are what signifies Altman's work and influence as successful.

## Personal views

When asked to compare today's society with the 1960s, Altman replied:

> " Knowing that it's not really fair to compare the 60s with today I'll attempt to address this most natural of questions. The similarities? Well, youth is youth and youth will always be idealistic, restless and hopefully enthusiastic. In the United States during the 60s, and that includes the early 70s, there was one major difference confronting young men ... and that was the military draft was imposed on us. That meant that one could be yanked out of one's peaceful life and placed in harm's way 6000 miles from home. Unless you've lived that, unless you've felt that all pervasive fear in your core in your stomach, you can only imagine it's \[*sic*\] impact. That was the wedge and the major driving force which fueled the antiwar movement to a nuclear degree in the 60's."

Altman suffered from esophageal cancer and died on September 24, 2021. A cause of death is pending.

## Publications

*The Sixties: Photographs by Robert Altman*. Santa Monica Press (2007) ISBN 1-59580-024-7 ISBN 978-1-59580-024-4


title: Hanek Chełmski

abstract: Hanek (Hinek) de Chełm Chełmski, of the Clan of Ostoja was a Polish courtier, knight and great landlord of Chełm, today part of Kraków, owner of Sierosławic, Kantorowic, Gorynic, Kaczkowic, Wierbki, Ziemblic and Przychody. He fought at the Battle of Grunwald in 1410. In year 1413, Hanek Chełmski together with Mikołajem Synowiec de Warzęgow, Jan Gamrat de Klimontowa and Piotrem de Łąkoszyn, gave a deposit guarantees in 4000 silver Kraków grzywna to Jan Farurej de Garbowo, son of Zawisza Czarny for his uncle's manors. According to Jan Długosz, Hanek was trusted man of King Jogaila and was on the mission to spot Teutonic Knights before the Battle of Grunwald. He was also part of Clan Ostoja that was in the very center of the diplomatic negotiations before the Battle. From his line, Chełmski gave new line in the property of Poniec and then surname Poniecki. According to the sources, Hanek was part of the family that used title comes.

text:
# Hanek Chełmski

**Hanek (Hinek) de Chełm Chełmski**, of the Clan of Ostoja (c.1390 – 1443) was a Polish courtier, knight and great landlord of Chełm, today part of Kraków, owner of Sierosławic, Kantorowic, Gorynic, Kaczkowic, Wierbki, Ziemblic and Przychody. He fought at the Battle of Grunwald in 1410. In year 1413, Hanek Chełmski together with Mikołajem Synowiec de Warzęgow, Jan Gamrat de Klimontowa and Piotrem de Łąkoszyn, gave a deposit guarantees in 4000 silver Kraków grzywna to Jan Farurej de Garbowo, son of Zawisza Czarny for his uncle's manors.

According to Jan Długosz, Hanek was trusted man of King Jogaila and was on the mission to spot Teutonic Knights before the Battle of Grunwald. He was also part of Clan Ostoja that was in the very center of the diplomatic negotiations before the Battle. From his line, Chełmski gave new line in the property of Poniec and then surname Poniecki. According to the sources, Hanek was part of the family that used title comes.

## InfoBox

| Hanek Chełmski | |
| --- | --- |
| **Arms of Hanek Chełmski** | |
| Born | c. 1390 |
| Died | after 1443<br>Chełm, part of Kraków |
| Spouse(s) | Katarzyna (surname unknown) |
| Issue | Stanisław Hanek Chełmski |


title: Robert Bevan (artist)

abstract: Robert Polhill Bevan was a British painter, draughtsman and lithographer who was married to the Polish-born artist Stanisława de Karłowska. He was a founding member of the Camden Town Group, the London Group, and the Cumberland Market Group.

text:
# Robert Bevan (artist)

**Robert Polhill Bevan** (5 August 1865 – 8 July 1925) was a British painter, draughtsman and lithographer who was married to the Polish-born artist Stanisława de Karłowska. He was a founding member of the Camden Town Group, the London Group, and the Cumberland Market Group.

## Early life

He was born in Brunswick Square, Hove, near Brighton, the fourth of six children of Richard Alexander Bevan (1834–1918), a banker, and Laura Maria Polhill. The Bevans had been a Quaker family with long associations with Barclays Bank. They were descended from Silvanus Bevan the Plough Court apothecary and Robert Barclay the Quaker Apologist. The family, who could trace direct descent from Iestyn ap Gwrgant, had left Wales in the 17th century and settled in London.

His first teacher of drawing was Arthur Ernest Pearce, who later became head designer to Royal Doulton potteries. In 1888 he studied art under Fred Brown at the Westminster School of Art before moving to the Académie Julian in Paris. Amongst his fellow students were Paul Sérusier, Pierre Bonnard, Édouard Vuillard and Maurice Denis. Bevan made his first visit to Brittany with a fellow student Eric Forbes-Robertson in 1890 and stayed at the Villa Julia, in Pont-Aven. He made a second visit in the autumn of the following year before travelling to Morocco by way of Madrid to study Velasquez and Goya at first hand. He appears to have done more fox-hunting in Tangier than drawing in the company of the artists Joseph Crawhall and George Denholm Armour and was Master of the Tangier Hunt in his second season.

Bevan returned to Brittany in 1893. There is no evidence that he had ever met Van Gogh but it is obvious in the swirling trees and landscape of his Breton drawings that he knew his work. It is known that he was friendly with Paul Gauguin, who gave him several prints. Bevan also received encouragement from Renoir, particularly in his drawing of horses. Although not evident in the few paintings that survive from this period it is in his drawings, early prints, and two surviving wax panels that the obvious influence of Pont-Aven synthetism can be seen.

On his return to England in 1894 Bevan went to live on Exmoor where he was able to combine painting with hunting.

## Married life

In the summer of 1897 Bevan met the Polish painter Stanisława de Karłowska at the wedding of Polish art student Janina Flamm with Eric Forbes-Robertson in Jersey. At the end of the year Bevan and de Karłowska married in Warsaw. Her father had extensive land in central Poland and for the remainder of their married life they would make long summer visits there.

In 1900 the Bevans settled in London at 14 Adamson Road, Swiss Cottage. Their first child, Edith Halina (Mrs Charles Baty), had been born in December 1898 and their second, Robert Alexander, in March 1901.

The summers of 1901, 1903 and 1904 were spent in Poland and it was here that some of his most colourful work was produced. The influence of Gauguin was a key role in Bevan's development, helping him to discover the pure colour which led him to a premature Fauvism in 1904. His *Courtyard* of that year has been described as "one of the first exercises in the expressive use of pure colour in this century". Bevan's early experiments in colour can also be seen in his *The Mill Pool* which recalls the *Talisman* picture that Sérusier painted to Gauguin's instructions and was described as being "quite different in colour and really rather superior". However his first one-man exhibition in 1905, which contained probably the most radical paintings by a British artist at that time, was not a commercial success and was hardly noticed by the critics. "Bevan evidently lost confidence in the direction it pointed and never again produced so outstanding a painting of this type. Sir Philip Hendy, in his preface to the 1961 Bevan retrospective exhibition at Colnaghi's, commented that Bevan was perhaps the first Englishman to use pure colour in the 20th Century. He was certainly far in advance of his Camden Town colleagues in this respect."

Bevan's second exhibition, in 1908, of largely Sussex scenes included the first of his paintings in the divisionist or pointillist style of which the best examples are *Ploughing on the Downs* (Aberdeen Art Gallery) and *The Turn-Rice Plough* (Yale Center for British Art).

In the same year Bevan submitted five works to the first Allied Artists' Association in London's Albert Hall—a non-juried, subscription show founded by Frank Rutter to promote progressive artists and based on the French Salon des Indépendants. (Wassily Kandinsky showed in England for the first time at the second exhibition in 1909.)

Having worked largely in isolation since returning from Pont-Aven, Bevan's paintings were noticed by Harold Gilman and Spencer Gore and he was invited to join Walter Sickert's Fitzroy Street Group. It was Sickert who encouraged him to "paint what really interests you and look around and see the beauty of everyday things". Thus began a series of paintings recording the decline of the horse cab trade, for example *The Cab Horse* (Tate gallery).

## Camden Town Group

In May 1911 the decision was made to form a new exhibiting society from the ranks of Fitzroy Street and so the Camden Town Group was founded. The end of that year saw Bevan moving away from the portrayal of the cab yards to the London horse sales at Tattersalls, Aldridges, the Barbican, and Wards (see *Horse Sale at the Barbican*, Tate Gallery and *Under the Hammer*, Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool).

The Camden Town Group was short-lived. After three financially unsuccessful exhibitions Arthur Clifton, who ran the Carfax Gallery, declined to hold any more. However he still continued to back individual members and Bevan had his third one-man show there in 1913.

In 1913, *The Cabyard, Night*, the only painting by Bevan acquired for a public collection during his lifetime, was bought by the Contemporary Art Society on Frank Rutter's recommendation that they should obtain it for the nation before a more discerning collector bought it.

William Marchant, of the Goupil Gallery, offered his larger premises on condition that the Group was expanded and that it changed its name. This resulted in the formation of the London Group in the autumn of 1913. Harold Gilman was elected president, J.B. Manson secretary and Bevan treasurer.

From April 1914 until September 1915 Bevan rented a studio in Cumberland Market, London's hay and straw market in Camden Town. It was here that the Cumberland Market Group consisting of Bevan, Gilman, Charles Ginner and John Nash held Saturday afternoon 'at homes'. The four exhibited at the Goupil Gallery in May 1915 and were later joined by Edward McKnight Kauffer and C.R.W. Nevinson.

## Last years

Bevan spent most of his summers painting. Until the First World War this was usually at family homes in Poland or Sussex. However, at about this time, he was first invited down to the Blackdown Hills on the Devon-Somerset border as a guest of landowner and amateur artist Harold Harrison. Until the end of his life Bevan continued to paint in the Bolham valley and nearby Luppitt his angular style sitting well with the strong patterning of the landscape.

His London street scenes, which were largely in the area of St John's Wood and Belsize Park, were generally more favourably reviewed than his landscapes.

After a break of nearly twenty years Bevan returned to lithography. Whilst his earlier prints recall landscapes by Van Gogh the later works are more in the nature of tone translations of oil paintings. "In either instance they are technically superb and notable additions to English lithography of the period."

In 1922 he was elected to the New English Art Club.

Bevan died on 8 July 1925, following an operation for stomach cancer.

## Legacy

Despite memorial shows in 1926 and an Arts Council exhibition in 1956, his unique contribution to British art was not widely recognized until 1965, the centenary of his birth. In that year the artist's son published his memoir and organised a series of exhibitions.

Bevan's modesty and reticence and his "almost complete inability to put himself forward" ensured that most of his works were unsold and a considerable number were left to his wife on his death. Stanislawa Bevan left her estate equally between her son R. A. Bevan and daughter Mrs Charles Baty. In 1961 they presented the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford with The Bevan Gift in honour of their parents' work. As well as a number of paintings, drawings and lithographs this included the 27 surviving Bevan sketchbooks. Further works were added subsequently.

He was one of nine out of the 17-strong Camden Town Group to be shown in a major retrospective of the group at Tate Britain in London in 2008.

Works by Bevan can be found in many public collections in the United Kingdom. He is also represented in public collections in Australia; France; New Zealand; South Africa and the USA.

Robert Bevan was the great grandfather of the historian of architectural paint and colour, Patrick Baty.

## Works on show

An exhibition entitled *A Countryman in Town: Robert Bevan and the Cumberland Market Group* was held at the Southampton City Art Gallery from 26 September – 14 December 2008 and it moved to Abbot Hall Art Gallery from 13 January – 21 March 2009.

More works were seen in an exhibition held at Gainsborough's House, Sudbury, in Suffolk from 4 October to 13 December 2008. The show was entitled *From Sickert to Gertler: Modern British Art from Boxted House*.

## Notes and references

## Bibliography

* Robert Bevan, *Robert Bevan: A Memoir by his Son*. London, Studio Vista. 1965.
* Graham Dry, *Catalogue Raisonné of the Prints of Robert Bevan*. London, Maltzahn Gallery. 1968.
* Audrey Nona Gamble, *A History of the Bevan Family*. London, Headley Brothers. 1923.
* Nicola Moorby, 'Robert Bevan 1865–1925', artist biography, February 2003, in Helena Bonett, Ysanne Holt, Jennifer Mundy (eds.), *The Camden Town Group in Context*, Tate, May 2012, http://www.tate.org.uk/art/research-publications/camden-town-group/robert-bevan-r1105351
* Frances Stenlake, *Robert Bevan from Gauguin to Camden Town*. London, Unicorn Press. 2008.
* Robert Upstone, *Modern Painters: The Camden Town Group* \[exhibition catalogue, Tate Britain, London\], 2008. ISBN 1-85437-781-7.
* J. Wood Palmer, 'A Time to Remember', in *The London Magazine*; Vol 1 No 12. March 1962.
* John Yeates, *NW1. The Camden Town Artists. A social history*. Somerset, Heale Gallery. 2007.

### Selected works

* *Self Portrait* (1913–14)
* *Ploughing in Brittany* (1893–94)
* *Breton Women outside Church* (ca.1894)
* *The Well at Mydlow, Poland* (1909)
* *A Sale at Tattersall's* (1911)
* *Horse Sale at the Barbican* (1912)
* *Maples at Cuckfield* (1914)
* *Queen's Road, St John's Wood* (1918)
* *Showing at Tattersall's* (ca.1919)

## InfoBox

| Robert Bevan | |
| --- | --- |
| Robert Bevan c. 1915 | |
| Born | Robert Polhill Bevan
5 August 1865
Hove, England |
| Died | 8 July 1925
London, England |
| Education | Arthur Ernest Pearce, Westminster School of Art, Académie Julian |
| Known for | Painting |
| Notable work | *The Cabyard, Night*; *Dunn's Cottage* |
| Movement | Camden Town Group, London Group, Cumberland Market Group |


title: Robert Beugré Mambé

abstract: Robert Beugré Mambé is an Ivorian civil engineer and politician. From 2011 to 2023, he was the governor of the Abidjan Autonomous District. He has served as the Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire since 17 October 2023. Beugré Mambé was born in Abiaté in present-day Dabou Department, Grands-Ponts Region, Lagunes District. Beugré Mambé was trained as a civil engineer. He was educated in Abidjan at the École nationale supérieure des travaux publics and in Paris at the Centre des hautes études de la construction and the École nationale des ponts et chaussées. He was the head of Ivory Coast's Bureau central des études techniques and later was president of the country's electoral commission. In April 2011, Beugré Mambé was appointed as the governor of Abidjan Autonomous District. On 16 October 2023, he was appointed to the role of prime minister by president Alassane Ouattara.

text:
# Robert Beugré Mambé

**Robert Beugré Mambé** (born 1 January 1952) is an Ivorian civil engineer and politician. From 2011 to 2023, he was the governor of the Abidjan Autonomous District. He has served as the Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire since 17 October 2023.

Beugré Mambé was born in Abiaté in present-day Dabou Department, Grands-Ponts Region, Lagunes District.

Beugré Mambé was trained as a civil engineer. He was educated in Abidjan at the École nationale supérieure des travaux publics and in Paris at the Centre des hautes études de la construction and the École nationale des ponts et chaussées. He was the head of Ivory Coast's Bureau central des études techniques and later was president of the country's electoral commission.

In April 2011, Beugré Mambé was appointed as the governor of Abidjan Autonomous District. On 16 October 2023, he was appointed to the role of prime minister by president Alassane Ouattara.

## InfoBox

| Robert Beugré Mambé | |
| --- | --- |
| Beugré Mambé in 2012 | |
|  | |
| Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
17 October 2023 | |
| President | Alassane Ouattara |
| Preceded by | Patrick Achi |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1952-01-01) 1 January 1952
Dabou, Ivory Coast |
| Political party | Rally of the Republicans |
| Spouse | Marthe Irma Djedji (died 31 October 2021) |
|  | |


title: Robert Bestwick

abstract: Robert Saxton Bestwick was an English first-class cricketer who played for Derbyshire between 1920 and 1922. Bestwick was born at Heanor, Derbyshire, the son of Billy Bestwick. His father was a miner who was also a leading bowler for Derbyshire in spite of his reputation as a bad boy of cricket. Bestwick junior made his debut for Derbyshire in May 1920 against Warwickshire when he made 2 and 6 at the tail end, but failed to take a wicket. He played one more game that season and was absent from the game in 1921. He reappeared again in 1922, sharing the bowling with his father in two matches. In the first of these, against Warwickshire, there was a unique father and son occurrence when for six overs Bestwick and his father bowled together against Willie Quaife and his son Bernard Quaife. After taking the wicket of the elder Quaife and another player, Bestwick junior did not strike in either subsequent match and was out with low scores, His father survived him in the game until 1925. Bestwick was a right-hand batsman and played nine innings in five first-class matches with an average of 3.62 and a top score of 10. He was a right-arm fast-medium bowler and took 2 first-class wickets at an average of 75.50 and a best performance of 2 for 47. Bestwick died at Saint Ouen, Jersey at the age of 80.

text:
# Robert Bestwick

**Robert Saxton Bestwick** (29 September 1899 – 3 July 1980) was an English first-class cricketer who played for Derbyshire between 1920 and 1922.

Bestwick was born at Heanor, Derbyshire, the son of Billy Bestwick. His father was a miner who was also a leading bowler for Derbyshire in spite of his reputation as a bad boy of cricket. Bestwick junior made his debut for Derbyshire in May 1920 against Warwickshire when he made 2 and 6 at the tail end, but failed to take a wicket. He played one more game that season and was absent from the game in 1921. He reappeared again in 1922, sharing the bowling with his father in two matches. In the first of these, against Warwickshire, there was a unique father and son occurrence when for six overs Bestwick and his father bowled together against Willie Quaife and his son Bernard Quaife. After taking the wicket of the elder Quaife and another player, Bestwick junior did not strike in either subsequent match and was out with low scores, His father survived him in the game until 1925.

Bestwick was a right-hand batsman and played nine innings in five first-class matches with an average of 3.62 and a top score of 10. He was a right-arm fast-medium bowler and took 2 first-class wickets at an average of 75.50 and a best performance of 2 for 47.

Bestwick died at Saint Ouen, Jersey at the age of 80.


title: Hanna Vollenhoven

abstract: Hanna van Vollenhoven Vories was a Dutch composer and pianist who moved to America in 1916. She is best remembered today for composing and performing music for player piano rolls, and for New York University's annual Hanna van Vollenhollen Fories Memorial Prize in Music. Her music was published under the name "Hanna Vollenhoven.

text:
# Hanna Vollenhoven

**Hanna van Vollenhoven Vories** (1889 – 1972) was a Dutch composer and pianist who moved to America in 1916. She is best remembered today for composing and performing music for player piano rolls, and for New York University's annual Hanna van Vollenhollen Fories Memorial Prize in Music. Her music was published under the name "**Hanna Vollenhoven**.

## Early life and education

Hanna van Vollenhoven Wolff was born in The Hague. Her father and grandfather were musicians, as was her brother Phillip. She studied music at the Amsterdam Conservatory with Julius Roentgen, Louis Coenan, Hugo Riemann, Bernard Zweers, and later with Alfred Cortot, and Leopold Godowsky.

## Career

Vollenhoven's European debut as a pianist was in 1909. In 1915, she visited America and made her American debut with the Chicago Symphony. Soon after, she withdrew from her position on the Netherlands Committee for Arts, Science, and Friendly Relations to pursue music full time in America.

Vollenhoven initially lived in Tarrytown, New York, while working in New York City. She played piano in Winthrop Ames' production of *Pierrot the Prodigal* and gave solo recitals, advertising performances of "modern and ulta-modern composers such as Chabrier, Debussy, Roger, Scriabine and Lambord" for her 1917–1918 season.

Vollenhoven composed and played at least two piano pieces for the De Luxe Reproducing Roll Corporation: *The Thought of You* and *Viennese Waltz*. She also played her composition *Mon Reve*, and possibly other pieces, for Welte Mignon piano rolls. In 1927, Vollenhoven and Vaughn De Leath (the "Radio Girl") recorded Vollenhoven's composition *The Night Before Christmas* for Edison Records (#52131). She also wrote "A Visit with Richard Pitrot", for the *Musical Monitor* in 1921, and a tribute to Leopold Godowsky for a New Jersey newspaper in 1938.

Her music was published by the Boston Music Company, Casa Ricordi, G. Schirmer Inc., and Winthrop Rogers Ltd (now Boosey & Hawkes).

## Compositions

Compositions by Hanna van Vollenhoven included an operetta, a cantata, and works for piano and voice.

### Operetta

### Piano

* *Mon Reve (My Dream)*
* *Old Netherland Folksongs*
* *Thought of You*
* *Viennese Waltz*

### Vocal

* "Hear Me Speedily, O Lord"!
* "America We Sing to Thee" (1945)
* Hymn (for youth choir)
* "Joyous Meditation" (text by Gibbs Hofmann; music by Vollenhoven)
* "Love Me, I Love You" (text by Christina Rossetti; music by Vollenhoven)
* "(The) Night Before Christmas" (text by Clement Clarke Moore; piano accompaniment by Vollenhoven; sheet music illustrated by Grace Drayton)
* "Songs" (text by George Edward Woodberry; music by Vollenhoven)
* *Star of the Renaissance: A Vision* (cantata; text by Ray Bridgman; music by Vollenhoven)

## Personal life and legacy

Hanna van Vollenhoven married artist and singer Allen Hamilton Vories Jr. in 1933. They lived in Weehawken, New Jersey, and sometimes performed together. They had a son, David, who was also a musician. She was a church organist in New Jersey. New York University gives an annual Hanna van Vollenhollen Vories Memorial Prize in Music to a senior-year student majoring in music.

## InfoBox

| Hanna Vollenhoven | |
| --- | --- |
| Hanna Vollenhoven, from a 1923 publication | |
| Born | 1889
The Hague |
| Died | 1972
United States |
| Other names | Hanna van Vollenhoven Wolff, Mrs. Allen H. Vories Jr. |
| Occupation(s) | Composer, pianist |


title: Hanna Wallach

abstract: Hanna Wallach is a computational social scientist and partner research manager at Microsoft Research. Her work makes use of machine learning models to study the dynamics of social processes. Her current research focuses on issues of fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics as they relate to AI and machine learning.

text:
# Hanna Wallach

**Hanna Wallach** (born 1979) is a computational social scientist and partner research manager at Microsoft Research. Her work makes use of machine learning models to study the dynamics of social processes. Her current research focuses on issues of fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics as they relate to AI and machine learning.

## Early life and education

Wallach was an undergraduate student at the University of Cambridge, where she specialised in computer science. She moved to the University of Edinburgh for her graduate studies. Here she focussed on cognitive science and machine learning. Wallach completed her doctoral research at the University of Cambridge. Her research considered language models.

## Career

Her early research considered the development of natural language processing which analyses the structure and content of social processes. Wallach explained that social interactions have several things in common; structure (i.e. who is involved in the interaction), content (the information that is shared during or arises from these interactions) and dynamics (the structure and content can change over time). She worked alongside journalists and computer scientists to better understand how organisations function. In 2007 she joined the University of Massachusetts Amherst, where she was made Assistant Professor in 2010.

At Microsoft Research Wallach investigates fairness and transparency in machine learning. In 2020 she worked with machine learning practitioners from across the tech sector to create an artificial intelligence ethics checklist. The checklist aimed to provide clear guidelines for the ethical development of artificial intelligence systems.

## Awards and honours

## Selected publications

* Wallach, Hanna M. (2006). "Topic modeling". *Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on Machine learning - ICML '06*. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press. pp. 977–984. doi:10.1145/1143844.1143967. ISBN 1-59593-383-2. S2CID 1174898.
* Wallach, Hanna M.; Murray, Iain; Salakhutdinov, Ruslan; Mimno, David (2009-06-14). *Evaluation methods for topic models*. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 1105–1112. doi:10.1145/1553374.1553515. ISBN 978-1-60558-516-1. S2CID 10910725. Retrieved 2020-12-12. `{{cite book}}`: `|work=` ignored (help)
* Mimno, David; Wallach, Hanna M.; Talley, Edmund; Leenders, Miriam; McCallum, Andrew (2011-07-27). "Optimizing semantic coherence in topic models". *Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing*. EMNLP '11. Edinburgh, United Kingdom: Association for Computational Linguistics: 262–272. ISBN 978-1-937284-11-4.

## Personal life

Wallach is a competitive roller derby player. She is an advocate for the improved representation of women working in computer science. She was co-founder of the now annual Women in Machine Learning workshop, Debian Women Project and GNOME Outreach Program for Women (now Outreachy).

## InfoBox

| Hanna Megan Wallach | |
| --- | --- |
| Wallach in 2016 | |
| Alma mater | University of Cambridge
University of Edinburgh |
| Known for | Computational Social Science, Machine Learning, Fairness in Artificial Intelligence |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Computer Science |
| Institutions | Microsoft Research
University of Massachusetts Amherst |
| Thesis | *Structured topic models for language.* (2008) |
|  | |
| Website | Personal website |


title: Haninge Municipality

abstract: Haninge Municipality is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located in Handen, a part of the Stockholm urban area. Haninge Municipality was formed in 1971 when Västerhaninge and Österhaninge were united. The municipal coat of arms depicts a capercaillie from which the name Haninge is believed to have been derived, while the anchor symbolizes the naval base in the municipality. The German word usage is supposedly from the old German Hansa traders who operated in the area.

text:
# Haninge Municipality

**Haninge Municipality** (*Haninge kommun*) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located in Handen, a part of the Stockholm urban area.

Haninge Municipality was formed in 1971 when *Västerhaninge* and *Österhaninge* were united.

The municipal coat of arms depicts a capercaillie from which the name Haninge is believed to have been derived (the German word *hahn* means capercaillie), while the anchor symbolizes the naval base in the municipality. The German word usage is supposedly from the old German Hansa traders who operated in the area.

## Geography

Haninge cherishes its nature, housing the southern parts of the scenic Stockholm archipelago. There are over 3,600 islands, islets and skerries belonging to the municipality, with the three largest islands being Utö, Ornö and Muskö. A car tunnel, the third longest in Sweden, connects Muskö to the mainland. The other two of the islands are reached with passenger and car ferries. Haninge is also an area with access to Tyresta National Park with a surrounding nature reserve. It has been protected to preserve its noted natural values, e.g. one of the largest sections of untouched forest in southern Sweden.

### Localities

### Districts

## Demographics

### Population

Population development in Haninge Municipality 1970–2019
| Year | Population |
| --- | --- |
| 1970 | 45,001 |
| 1975 | 50,295 |
| 1980 | 58,541 |
| 1985 | 61,166 |
| 1990 | 62,797 |
| 1995 | 65,706 |
| 2000 | 69,644 |
| 2005 | 71,837 |
| 2010 | 77,054 |
| 2015 | 83,866 |
| 2017 | 88,037 |
| 2019 | 92,095 |
| Source: SCB - Folkmängd efter region och år. | | | | | | | | | |

### 2022 by district

This is a demographic table based on Haninge Municipality's electoral districts in the 2022 Swedish general election sourced from SVT's election platform, in turn taken from SCB official statistics.

In total there were 95,449 residents, including 64,640 Swedish citizens of voting age. 46.2% voted for the left coalition and 51.7% for the right coalition. Indicators are in percentage points except population totals and income.

### Residents with a foreign background

On 31 December 2017 the number of people with a foreign background (persons born outside of Sweden or with two parents born outside Sweden) was 31 107, or 35.33% of the population (88 037 on 31 December 2017). On 31 December 2002 the number of residents with a foreign background was (per the same definition) 17 323, or 24.43% of the population (70 902 on 31 December 2002). On 31 December 2017 there were 88 037 residents in Haninge, of which 23 203 people (26.36%) were born in a country other than Sweden. Divided by country in the table below – the Nordic countries, as well as the 12 most common countries of birth outside of Sweden for Swedish residents, have been included, with other countries of birth bundled together by continent by Statistics Sweden.

## Notability

The scenic Stockholm Sweden Temple was built in Västerhaninge in 1985. It is the only temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Sweden. This temple is also the center of the LDS church in northern Europe.

There is a comparatively large Sweden-Finn community in Haninge which is estimated to be about 5% of the population.

The International Olympiad in Informatics (IOI) was held in Haninge in 1994.

## Sports

The following sports clubs are located in Haninge Municipality:

## Notable people from Haninge Municipality

## International relations

The municipality is twinned with:

1. "Statistiska centralbyrån, Kommunarealer den 1 januari 2014" (in Swedish). Statistics Sweden. 1 January 2014. Archived from the original (Microsoft Excel) on 27 September 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
2. "Folkmängd och befolkningsförändringar - Kvartal 4, 2023" (in Swedish). Statistics Sweden. 22 February 2024. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
3. "Valresultat 2022 för Haninge i riksdagsvalet" (in Swedish). SVT. 11 September 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
4. Antal personer efter region, utländsk/svensk bakgrund och år (Read 4 januari 2019)
5. Statistiska centralbyrån: Utrikes födda efter län, kommun och födelseland 31 december 2017 (XLS-fil) Läst 4 januari 2019
6. "Startsida – Haninge Kommun". Archived from the original on 21 August 2010. Retrieved 18 January 2010.

## InfoBox

| Haninge Municipality *Haninge kommun* | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Haninge City Hall | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Coordinates: 59°10′N 18°08′E / 59.167°N 18.133°E / 59.167; 18.133 | |
| Country | Sweden |
| County | Stockholm County |
| Seat | Handen |
| Area | |
| Total | 2,160.87 km2 (834.32 sq mi) |
| Land | 458.07 km2 (176.86 sq mi) |
| Water | 1,702.8 km2 (657.5 sq mi) |
|  | Area as of 1 January 2014. |
| Population (31 December 2023) | |
| Total | 99,751 |
| Density | 46/km2 (120/sq mi) |
| Demonyms | * Haninger * Haningan |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| ISO 3166 code | SE |
| Province | Södermanland |
| Municipal code | 0136 |
| Website | www.haninge.se |
| Density is calculated using land area only. | |


title: Hans Leberecht

abstract: Hans Leberecht was an Estonian writer. Many of his works mirrored socialist realism. His most important work is the story Valgus Koordis (1949). Lebrerecht was born in Saint Petersburg. His childhood years passed in the village of Koordi in Järva County. In 1944 he joined the Communist Party. After World War II, he lived in Tallinn. He was a special correspondent for the newspaper Sovetskaya Estoniya.

text:
# Hans Leberecht

**Hans Leberecht** (1 December 1910 – 10 November 1960) was an Estonian writer. Many of his works mirrored socialist realism. His most important work is the story *Valgus Koordis* (1949).

Lebrerecht was born in Saint Petersburg. His childhood years passed in the village of Koordi in Järva County.

In 1944 he joined the Communist Party. After World War II, he lived in Tallinn.

He was a special correspondent for the newspaper *Sovetskaya Estoniya*.

## Works

* story *Valgus Koordis* (1949)
* novel *Kaptenid* (1956)
* novel *Sõdurid lähevad koju* (1957)
* novel *Vassarite paleed* (1960)


title: Robert Greenhut

abstract: Robert "Bob" Greenhut is an American film producer. Born in New York City, Greenhut studied music at the University of Miami. He began his film career as a production assistant on Arthur Hiller's 1967 comedy The Tiger Makes Out. During the next seven years, he worked in various production capacities, rising through the ranks to become a production manager, assistant director, and associate producer. Greenhut served in that last capacity on The Front, a 1976 Hollywood blacklist drama starring Woody Allen. It was the first of many collaborations with the writer/director. Greenhut served as the executive producer and production manager of Annie Hall and went on to produce or executive produce every Allen-directed film through to the period musical comedy Everyone Says I Love You in 1996. Greenhut also has worked extensively with Mike Nichols on Heartburn (1986), Working Girl (1988), Postcards from the Edge (1990), Regarding Henry (1991), and Wolf (1994). His additional credits include Miloš Forman's Hair (1979), Arthur (1981), Martin Scorsese's The King of Comedy (1983), and Penny Marshall's Big (1988), A League of Their Own (1992) and Renaissance Man (1994). Greenhut received a 1989 Crystal Apple Award from the NYC Mayor's Film Office for his contribution to the city's film industry. That same year, he was honored with the Eastman Kodak Award for lifetime achievement.

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# Robert Greenhut

**Robert** "**Bob**" **Greenhut** (born December 18, 1942) is an American film producer.

Born in New York City, Greenhut studied music at the University of Miami. He began his film career as a production assistant on Arthur Hiller's 1967 comedy *The Tiger Makes Out*. During the next seven years, he worked in various production capacities, rising through the ranks to become a production manager, assistant director, and associate producer. Greenhut served in that last capacity on *The Front*, a 1976 Hollywood blacklist drama starring Woody Allen. It was the first of many collaborations with the writer/director. Greenhut served as the executive producer and production manager of *Annie Hall* and went on to produce or executive produce every Allen-directed film through to the period musical comedy *Everyone Says I Love You* in 1996.

Greenhut also has worked extensively with Mike Nichols on *Heartburn* (1986), *Working Girl* (1988), *Postcards from the Edge* (1990), *Regarding Henry* (1991), and *Wolf* (1994). His additional credits include Miloš Forman's *Hair* (1979), *Arthur* (1981), Martin Scorsese's *The King of Comedy* (1983), and Penny Marshall's *Big* (1988), *A League of Their Own* (1992) and *Renaissance Man* (1994).

Greenhut received a 1989 Crystal Apple Award from the NYC Mayor's Film Office for his contribution to the city's film industry. That same year, he was honored with the Eastman Kodak Award for lifetime achievement.

## InfoBox

| Robert Greenhut | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1942-12-18) December 18, 1942<br>New York City, New York, United States |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Film producer |


title: Robert Greenhalgh

abstract: Rob Greenhalgh is a British sailor who has competed in and won both the Volvo Ocean Race and the Extreme Sailing Series. Greenhalgh has participated in the Volvo Ocean Race aboard ABN Amro I in the 2005–06 Volvo Ocean Race, Puma for Puma Ocean Racing Team in the 2008–09 Volvo Ocean Race, Azzam for Abu Dhabi Ocean Racing in the 2011–12 Volvo Ocean Race and on Maprfe in the 2014–15 Volvo Ocean Race. He has also participated in the Extreme Sailing Series, winning it in 2007 and as Skipper of Team Duqm Oman in 2013, and in 2014 of Oman Air.

text:
# Robert Greenhalgh

**Rob Greenhalgh** (born 17 August 1977) is a British sailor who has competed in and won both the Volvo Ocean Race and the Extreme Sailing Series.

Greenhalgh has participated in the Volvo Ocean Race aboard *ABN Amro I* in the 2005–06 Volvo Ocean Race, *Puma* for Puma Ocean Racing Team in the 2008–09 Volvo Ocean Race, *Azzam* for Abu Dhabi Ocean Racing in the 2011–12 Volvo Ocean Race and on Maprfe in the 2014–15 Volvo Ocean Race.

He has also participated in the Extreme Sailing Series, winning it in 2007 (when it was known as the iShares Cup) and as Skipper of Team Duqm Oman in 2013, and in 2014 of Oman Air.

## Results

## InfoBox

Rob Greenhalgh
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Robert Greenhalgh |
| Born | (1977-08-17) 17 August 1977<br>Brighton, Sussex, UK |
| Medal record      Sailing  Representing  Great Britain  World Championships  2011 Torbay SB20  2004 Sydney 18ft Skiff  2003 Wakayama International 14  2003 Carnac 18ft Skiff  European Championships  1998 Helsinki 49er | |


title: Hanna K. Korany

abstract: Hanna K. Korany (1871–1898), also seen as Hanna Kurani, was a Syrian writer. From 1893 to 1895 she toured the United States, speaking on women's lives in Syria.

text:
# Hanna K. Korany

**Hanna K. Korany** (1871–1898), also seen as **Hanna Kurani**, was a Syrian writer. From 1893 to 1895 she toured the United States, speaking on women's lives in Syria.

## Early life

Hanna K. Korany was from Kfarshima in the Mount Lebanon region, and educated at a Presbyterian missionary school for girls in Beirut.

## Career

In 1891, she published *Manners and Habits*, a book in Arabic. She also wrote a novel in Arabic, and was somewhat prematurely labeled "the George Eliot of Syria" by one American newspaper.

In 1893, Korany was invited by Bertha Palmer to represent Syria at the World's Congress of Representative Women, an event associated with the World's Columbian Exposition that year. She also displayed Syrian women's embroidery and handiwork at the fair, reported on the fair for *Al Fatat*, a woman's magazine based in Egypt, and wrote an essay, "The Glory of Womanhood", for the Congress of Women publication.

She went on a lecture tour in the United States after her Chicago activities were finished. In 1894 she attended the annual convention of the National American Woman Suffrage Association in Washington, D.C., and spoke at a society dinner on the same program with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Lillie Devereux Blake, and May Wright Sewall. In 1896 she started a woman's club in Beirut.

## Personal life

She married Amin Effendi Korany in 1887. Hanna Korany died in 1898, aged 27 years, in Beirut.


title: Robert Caldwell

abstract: Robert Caldwell was a British missionary and linguist. A missionary for the London Missionary Society, he arrived in British India at age 24, and studied the local language to spread the word of the Bible in a vernacular language, studies that led him to author a text on comparative grammar of the South Indian languages. In his book, Caldwell proposed that there are Dravidian words in the Hebrew of the Old Testament, the archaic Greek language, and the places named by Ptolemy. Caldwell married Eliza Mault, the daughter of another missionary Rev. Charles Mault posted in India. He served as assistant bishop of Tirunelveli from 1877. The Government of Tamil Nadu has created a memorial in his honor and a postage stamp has been issued in his name. A statue of Caldwell was erected in 1967 near to Marina Beach, Chennai, as a gift of the Church of South India.

text:
# Robert Caldwell

**Robert Caldwell** (7 May 1814 – 28 August 1891) was a British missionary and linguist.

A missionary for the London Missionary Society, he arrived in British India at age 24, and studied the local language to spread the word of the Bible in a vernacular language, studies that led him to author a text on comparative grammar of the South Indian languages. In his book, Caldwell proposed that there are Dravidian words in the Hebrew of the Old Testament, the archaic Greek language, and the places named by Ptolemy.

Caldwell married Eliza Mault, the daughter of another missionary Rev. Charles Mault posted in India. He served as assistant bishop of Tirunelveli from 1877.

The Government of Tamil Nadu has created a memorial in his honor and a postage stamp has been issued in his name. A statue of Caldwell was erected in 1967 near to Marina Beach, Chennai, as a gift of the Church of South India.

## Early life

Robert Caldwell was born at Clady, Ireland. on 7 May 1814 to poor Scottish Presbyterian parents. The family moved to Glasgow and there he began work at the age of nine. Mostly self-taught, he returned to Ireland aged 15, living with an older brother in Dublin while studying art between 1829 and 1833. He then returned to Glasgow, probably as a consequence of a crisis of faith, and he became active in the Congregational church.

Caldwell won a scholarship to Balliol College, Oxford only to find it rescinded when the authorities discovered that he had been born in Ireland. He responded by joining the London Missionary Society, who sent him to the University of Glasgow for training. There Caldwell came under the influence of Daniel Keyte Sandford, a professor of Greek and promoter of Anglicanism whose innovative research encouraged Caldwell's liking for comparative philology and also theology. Caldwell left university with a distinction and was ordained as a Congregationalist minister.

At 24, Caldwell arrived in Madras on 8 January 1838 as a missionary of the London Missionary Society and later joined the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel Mission (SPG). To further his missionary objectives, Caldwell realized that he had to be proficient in Tamil to proselytize "the masses?" and he began a systematic study of the language. He was consecrated Bishop of Tirunelveli in 1877. In 1844, Caldwell married Eliza Mault (1822–1899) in CSI Home Church, Nagercoil, with whom he had seven children. Eliza Mault, born in Nagercoil, was the younger daughter of the veteran Travancore missionary, Rev. Charles Mault (1791–1858) of the London Missionary Society. For more than forty years, Eliza worked in Idaiyangudi and Tirunelveli proselytizing the people, especially Tamil-speaking women.

## Caldwell's *Comparative Grammar*

Robert Caldwell wrote *A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian or South-Indian family of languages*. He identified south Indian Brahmins with Indo-Europeans, which was partly based on his belief that the Indo-Europeans had "higher mental gifts and higher capacity for civilisation". Caldwell asserted that the low-caste Chanar were not merely Tamil speakers but an "indigenous Dravidian" people, distinct ethnically and, most critically for him, religiously, from their high-caste oppressors, whom he referred to as "Brahmanical Aryans" (in this case "Aryan" as an ethnic signifier for foreign and "Brahmanical" to signify the "Hinduism" of the high-caste). These wildly speculative claims, well outside the scope of linguistics, were intended "to develop a history which asserted that the indigenous Dravidians had been subdued and colonized by the Brahmanical Aryans". However, the first edition of Caldwell's grammar was "met with firm resistance" by the Chanars precisely because they "did not like the idea of being divorced from Brahmanical civilization", the very division Caldwell was hoping to exploit.

The book has been described as being on occasion "pejorative, outrageous, and somewhat paternalistic. But on the whole, his studies represent a pioneering effort to understand religions completely foreign to the British mind". In the domain of Dravidian linguistics though, it remains a respected work today.

## Archaeological research

While serving as Bishop of Tirunelveli (alongside Edward Sargent), Caldwell (who was not a trained archaeologist) did much original research on the history of Tirunelveli. He studied palm leaf manuscripts and Sangam literature in his search, and made several excavations, finding the foundations of ancient buildings, sepulchral urns and coins with the fish emblem of the Pandyan Kingdom. This work resulted in his book *A Political and General History of the District of Tinnevely* (1881), published by the Government of the Madras Presidency.

## Legacy

Caldwell’s mission lasted more than fifty years. The publication of his research into both the languages and the history of the region, coupled with his position in both Indian and English society, gave stimulus to the revival of the Non-Brahmin movement.

Meanwhile, on difficult ground for evangelism, Caldwell achieved Christian conversion among the lower castes. He had adopted some of the methods of the Lutheran missionaries of earlier times, having learned German purely in order to study their practices.

Caldwell the Tamil language scholar, Christian evangelist and champion of the native church, remains today an important figure in the modern history of South India. He is still remembered there, and his statue, erected eighty years after his death, stands near the Marina Beach at Chennai. The Indian historian Dr M.S.S. Pandian, visiting fellow at the Centre for the Study of Developing Societies in Delhi, recently commented that Caldwell’s "contribution to both Christianity in South India and the cultural awakening of the region is unmatched during the last two hundred years".

A commemorative postage stamp on him was issued on 7 May 2010.

## Works

* *Lectures on the Tinnevelly missions, descriptive of the field, the work, and the results: with an introductory lecture on the progress of Christianity in India.* Bell and Daldy, 1857
* *The best means of promoting an interest in missions among our congregations : being a speech delivered by ... Bishop Caldwell at the Diocesan Church Conference on Thursday 20 March 1879.* 1880 (Madras : S.P.C.K. Press)
* *Christianity and Hinduism. A lecture addressed to educated Hindus, etc.* : S.P.C.K.: London, \[1879.\]
* *A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian or South Indian Family of Languages.* Harrison: London, 1856.
* *Evangelistic Work amongst the Higher Classes and Castes in Tinnevelly.* Rev. Dr. Caldwell’s Third Journal. \[1876.\]
* *The Inner Citadel of Religion.* S.P.C.K.: London, \[1879.\]
* *The March of the Unsaved.* \[A religious tract.\] G. Stoneman: London, \[1896.\]
* *Narkaruṇait tiyānamālai = A companion to the holy communion.* Madras Diocesan Committee of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1871.
* *The Prince of Wales in Tinnevelly, and "From Delahay Street to Edeyengoody.".* London : S.P.C.K., 1876.
* *Observations on the Kudumi.* J. J. Craen: \[Madras?\] 1867.
* *Report of the Edeyenkoody District for the year ending 30 June 1845.* London : Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, 1847.
* *On reserve in communicating religious instruction to non- Christians in mission schools in India* : a letter to the Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of Madras. Madras : S.P.C.K. Press, 1879.
* *The Relation of Christianity to Hinduism.* R. Clay, Sons, & Taylor: London, \[1885.\]
* *Records of the Early History of the Tinnevelly Mission, etc.* Higginbotham & Co.: Madras, 1881.
* *The Tinnevelly Shanars : a sketch of their religion and their moral condition and characteristics : with special reference to the facilities and hindrances to the progress of Christianity amongst them.* London : Clay for the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, 1850.
* *The Three Way-marks.* Christian Vernacular Education Society: Madras, 1860.
* *A Political and General History of the District of Tinnevelly, in the Presidency of Madras, from the earliest period to its cession to the English Government in A.D. 1801.* Madras : E. Keys, 1881.

**Citations**

**Bibliography**

## Further reading

* Christudoss, DA, *Caldwell Athiatcher* (Tamil), Danishpet: Bethel Publications, 1980.
* Dirks, Nicholas B, 'Recasting Tamil Society: The Politics of Caste and Race in Contemporary Southern India', in C. J. Fuller (ed.), *Caste Today*, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1996.
* O'Connor, Daniel (ed.), *Three Centuries of Mission – The USPG*, London and New York: Continuum, 2000.
* Ravindran, Vaitheespara, 'The Unanticipated Legacy of Robert Caldwell and the Dravidian Movement', *South Indian Studies*, 1, January–June 1996.
* Schröder, Ulrike (2011). "No religion, but ritual? Robert Caldwell and the Tinnevelly Shanars". In Bergunder, Michael; Frese, Heiko; Schröder, Ulrike (eds.). *Ritual, Caste and Religion in Colonial South India*. Primus Books. ISBN 9789380607214.
* Sivaram D.P *On Tamil Militarism: Chapter 6, Bishop Caldwell & the Tamil Dravidians*, sangam.org, 1992
* Sivathamby, K, 'The Politics of a Literary Style', *Social Scientist*, 6.8, March 1978.
* Trautmann, Thomas R, 'Inventing the History of South India', in Daud Ali (ed.), *Invoking the Past: The Uses of History in South Asia*, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2002.

## InfoBox

| Robert Caldwell | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 7 May 1814
Clady, County Antrim,
Ireland |
| Died | 28 August 1891(1891-08-28) (aged 77)
Kodaikanal, Madura District, Madras Presidency, British India |
| Resting place | Idaiyangudi, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, India |
| Citizenship | British |
| Occupation(s) | Missionary, Linguist |
| Known for | Bishop in South India |
| Spouse | Eliza mault (m. 1844) (D/o. Rev. Charles Mault) |


title: Robert Calcagno

abstract:
Robert Calcagno born 26 June 1960 is a Monegasque politician and leader who is CEO of the Oceanographic Institute Foundation Albert I, Prince of Monaco. Robert Calcagno has held ministerial posts in the government of the Principality of Monaco between 2006 and 2009. He now leads the Oceanographic Museum of Monaco and the Maison des océans in Paris
His commitment to the protection of the oceans, to a better balance between Humankind and Nature and, on a broader level, his involvement in the economic, social and international life of the Principality of Monaco, have made him one of the key players in the policies of H.S.H. Prince Albert II of Monaco.

text:
# Robert Calcagno

**Robert Calcagno** born 26 June 1960 is a Monegasque politician and leader who is CEO of the Oceanographic Institute Foundation Albert I, Prince of Monaco. Robert Calcagno has held ministerial posts in the government of the Principality of Monaco between 2006 and 2009. He now leads the Oceanographic Museum of Monaco and the Maison des océans in Paris His commitment to the protection of the oceans, to a better balance between Humankind and Nature and, on a broader level, his involvement in the economic, social and international life of the Principality of Monaco, have made him one of the key players in the policies of H.S.H. Prince Albert II of Monaco.

## Education and nationalities

Born in Menton, France, Robert Calcagno attended the lycée Albert Premier of Monaco (1970-1978) - also attended by the future Prince Albert II, who is two years his senior. He then transferred to the Lycée Massena in Nice, completing his college studies in 1980.

In the fall of 1980, he enrolled in the prestigious Science and Engineering Institution École polytechnique (1980-1983) et de l'École nationale des ponts et chaussées en 1986 Upon graduation, he furthered his studies obtaining a civil engineering master's degree in 1986 from the École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées.

Robert Calcagno also obtained an Executive Master of Business Administrations (MBA) degree at Columbia University in New York City.
In 2009, H.S.H. Prince Albert II of Monaco granted him Monegasque nationality.

## Career

He made the first of his career as entrepreneur and investor in different countries (Malaysia, United States, France, South-East Asia, and Australia). Engineer, Site Engineer (Dredging and Construction) on the site of the Port of Kuching - Sarawak (Malaysia) for Bouygues (1984-1985), Head of the operational district of the Departmental Directorate of Equipment (DDE) of Loiret and Technical Director Sivom Orléans (1986-1990), Director of Strategy and Development Scetauroute (1991), Managing Director of Scetauroute Development (1992-1995), Managing Director of Transroute Asia Pacific (1995-2000), Managing Director of Egis Group (2000-2003). Later he became Managing Director of the Nice City Council.

In 2005, Calcagno joined the Cabinet of H.S.H. Prince Albert II of Monaco as Senior Advisor for Economic Affairs and Environment. The following year he was appointed Minister in charge of Public works, Environment and urban development. He undertook projects that included re-urbanization of former railway right-of-way, initiating new urban development, and the revision of the Environmental Code of Monaco.

In 2009, he became CEO of the Oceanographic Institute Foundation Albert I, Prince of Monaco. He is the Executive Director of the Oceanographic Museum of Monaco and the « Maison des océans » located in Paris.

Upon taking on responsibility of the Oceanographic Museum, Calcagno’s main priority became to accompany restoration to its former glory; in time for the centenary celebrations of the Institution. A new dynamic has been injected into the type of exhibitions currently taking place under his management, including the inauguration of contemporary art exhibits by Damien Hirst, Mark Dion, Huang Yong Ping, and Marc Quinn, among others.

Robert Calcagno was a main proponent for the launching of the Monaco Blue Initiative an international brainstorming platform for the protection of the oceans created in 2010. He made several conferences about marine life, organized by the Museum or otherwise.

2017-2020, he joined the team of Monaco Explorations, a programme of scientific exploration of the oceans lasting 3 years and launched by Prince Albert II. He is Head of this campaign of multidisciplinary missions which associate human and natural sciences, the environment and man. In this capacity he has participated in the missions in Palau, 26 on the Tubbataha Reef, in Cape Verde and on Malpelo Island off Colombia.

## Board membership and honors

Among other responsibilities, Robert Calcagno is a member of the Board of Directors of the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation, of the Mercantour National Park; as well as Director of Monaco Inter Expo, and of the commission of the Strategic Attractiveness Council. He is a member of the Advisory Board of the Ocean Acidification International

Coordination Centre (OA-ICC) at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). He is the Chairman of the Quality of Life Commission of the Strategic Council for Attractiveness of Monaco.

On July 13, 2007 he received the Knight Medal by the French National Order of the Legion of Honor.

On 7 November 2014, he was made a Knight of the Order of Saint Charles.

On 29 March 2016, he was promoted to the rank of Officer of Maritime Merit in France.

## Conferences and lectures

Sharks: Beyond the misunderstanding, Maison des océans in Paris, January 2013

The importance of the oceans in climate change: mitigation measures, Panelist, World Ocean Conference in Manado, Indonesia, 13 May 2009

Oceans, climate change and the public: mobilizing the public and the private sector for action, Panelist, World Ocean Conference in Manado, Indonesia, 12 May 2009

Managing our planet’s blue heart, Speaker, Global Policy and Sustainability at the International University of Monaco, 3 June 2013

## Personal life

Robert Calcagno, who is married to Béatrice Auché a physiotherapist at the Princess Grace Hospital Center, has 3 children. He speaks French, and English. He loves hiking. He has traveled a lot around the world, and his favorite food dishes are Asian.

## Publications

* Face à face avec les méduses : les connaître et s’en protéger - Paris ; Monaco : Institut océanographique, 2009. ISBN 978-2-903581-62-6
* Méditerranée : splendide, fragile, vivante / Robert Calcagno, André Giordan. – Monaco : Éditions du Rocher, 2010. ISBN 978-2-26807-012-4
* Cornucopia / Damien Hirst ; préface de Marie-Claude Beaud et Robert Calcagno. – London : Other Criteria ; Monaco : Musée océanographique, 2010. ISBN 978-1-906967-31-4
* Face à face avec les algues de Méditerranée - Paris ; Monaco : Institut océanographique, 2010. ISBN 978-2-903581-81-7
* L’histoire du mariage princier, avec Stéphane Bern, éd. Éditions du Rocher, 2011, ISBN 2268072185
* Les grands fonds marins, voyage dans un monde inconnu, ed. du Rocher, 2011, ISBN 978-2268071879
* Requins, Au-delà du malentendu, éd. Éditions du Rocher, 2013, ISBN 978-2-268-07472-6
* Méduses, à la conquête des océans, éd. Editions du Rocher, 2014, ISBN 978-2-268-07598-3

## InfoBox

| Robert Calcagno | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Minister for equipment, environment and urban planning of Monaco | |
| **In office**
2006–2009 | |
| Monarch | Albert II |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1960-03-26) March 26, 1960
Menton |
| Profession | CEO of the Oceanographic Institute, Foundation Albert I, Prince of Monaco |
|  | |


title: Robert H. Allison

abstract: Robert H. Allison was an American politician and lawyer. Allison was born in Maynard, Ohio. He lost an arm in a mining accident. Allison went to Blackburn College, Washington University in St. Louis, and Illinois State University. Allison received his bachelor's and law degrees from Illinois Wesleyan University. He lived with his wife and family in Pekin, Illinois and practiced law in Pekin. Allison served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1935 to 1955 and was a Republican. He ran for the Republican nomination in 1954 and lost the primary election to Harold Velde. Allison died suddenly on December 31, 1959, while hunting in a duck blind near Lafayette, Louisiana.

text:
# Robert H. Allison

**Robert H. Allison** (July 25, 1893 – December 31, 1959) was an American politician and lawyer.

Allison was born in Maynard, Ohio. He lost an arm in a mining accident. Allison went to Blackburn College, Washington University in St. Louis, and Illinois State University. Allison received his bachelor's and law degrees from Illinois Wesleyan University. He lived with his wife and family in Pekin, Illinois and practiced law in Pekin. Allison served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1935 to 1955 and was a Republican. He ran for the Republican nomination in 1954 and lost the primary election to Harold Velde. Allison died suddenly on December 31, 1959, while hunting in a duck blind near Lafayette, Louisiana.

## InfoBox

| Robert H. Allison | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Illinois House of Representatives | |
| **In office**
1935–1955 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1893-07-25)July 25, 1893
Maynard, Ohio |
| Died | December 31, 1959(1959-12-31) (aged 66)
Lafayette, Louisiana |
| Political party | Republican |
|  | |


title: Robert Fane

abstract: Robert George Cecil Fane was an English judge.

text:
# Robert Fane

**Robert George Cecil Fane** (8 May 1796– 4 October 1864) was an English judge.

## Biography

Fane, fourteenth and youngest child of the Hon. Henry Fane and Anne, daughter of Edward Buckley Batson, and brother of General Sir Henry Fane and Harriet Arbuthnot, was born on 8 May 1796, and educated at Charterhouse School from 1808 to 1813. He matriculated from Balliol College, Oxford, on 22 May 1813, and was afterwards a demy and fellow (1824–35) of Magdalen College, Oxford, where he proceeded B.A. in 1817 and M.A. in 1819. He was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn on 1 June 1821, and soon enjoyed a considerable practice as an equity barrister.

In 1823 Lord Eldon appointed him one of the five commissioners of the "Thirteenth List", and on 2 December 1831 he was nominated by Lord Brougham one of the six commissioners who were to hold office under the new act establishing the Court of Bankruptcy.

In later life his judicial bearing was marked by an eccentricity of manner, but although his decisions were frequently the subject of comment, very few of his judgments were reversed on appeal. As a member of the Law Amendment Society he was a constant attendant at the weekly meetings in Lancaster Place.

He was much interested in railway schemes, and was for some years a director of the Eastern Counties Railway.

Fane was an ardent lover of field sports, and was well known in the Leicester hunts; he was also a patron of the fine arts, and possessed a collection of paintings.

He died at the Burdon Hotel, Weymouth, on 4 October 1864.

He married first, 24 June 1835, Isabella Mary, youngest daughter of Admiral Sir Eliab Harvey, G.C.B.; she died at Rolls Park, Chigwell, on 15 December 1838; and secondly, on 7 September 1841, Harriet Anne, only daughter of Admiral the Hon. Sir Henry Blackwood, baronet; she died on 31 December 1869. They had a London home at 4 Upper Brook Street, Mayfair. By his first wife Fane had no issue. By his second wife he had two daughters, Cicely Harriette Fane (1846 – 1933) and Blanche Anna Fane (1847 – 1935), and two sons, Lionel Arthur (1851 - 1872) and Cecil Francis William (1856-1914) who married 8 May 1880 Lady Augusta Fanny Rous (1858 – 1950), daughter of John Rous, 2nd Earl of Stradbroke.

## Publications

* *Letter addressed to the Attorney-General \[Sir John Campbell\] on his Bill for the Abolition of Imprisonment for Debt*, 1837
* *Bankruptcy Reform, in a series of Letters addressed to Sir R. Peel*, letters i–iii, 1838
* *Bankruptcy Reform*, letters iv–vii, 1838
* *Observations on the proposed Abolition of Imprisonment for Debts on Mesne Process, in a Letter to Sir R. Peel*, 1838
* *Outline of a Plan for Improving the Law of Debtor and Creditor, without Abolishing Imprisonment for Debt*, 1844
* *A Letter to Lord Cottenham on the present position of Her Majesty's Commissioners of the Court of Bankruptcy, and suggesting a more extended use of that Court in matters of Account*, 1846
* *Bankruptcy Reform, in a series of Letters addressed to W. Hawes, Esq.*, letters i–iv, 1848
* *Ministry of Justice; its necessity as an Instrument of Law Refor*, 1848
* *Sketch of an Act to Establish Tenant-Right in conformity to the principles suggested in an article in the “Law Review” for November 1848, signed C. F.*, 1849
* *Tenant-Right, its necessity as a means of promoting good Farming*, No. ii, 1849

## Sources