title: Wailuku, Hawaii

abstract: Wailuku is a census-designated place (CDP) in and county seat of Maui Island, Maui County, Hawaii, United States. The population was 17,697 at the 2020 census. Wailuku is located just west of Kahului, at the mouth of the Iao Valley. In the early 20th century Wailuku was the main tourist destination on Maui, though it has since been eclipsed with the rise of the resort towns such as Kaanapali. Historic sites in the town include Kaʻahumanu Church which dates to 1876, the Wailuku Civic Center Historic District, the site of the Chee Kung Tong Society Building, and the Bailey House, a 19th-century former seminary and home that houses a history museum and the Maui Historical Society. There are two ancient temples near Wailuku, called heiau — the Halekiʻi Heiau and the Pihanakalani Heiau. Both date back hundreds of years and were used for religious purposes by the native Hawaiians. Wailuku is served by Kahului Airport.

text:
# Wailuku, Hawaii

**Wailuku** is a census-designated place (CDP) in and county seat of Maui Island, Maui County, Hawaii, United States. The population was 17,697 at the 2020 census.

Wailuku is located just west of Kahului, at the mouth of the Iao Valley. In the early 20th century Wailuku was the main tourist destination on Maui, though it has since been eclipsed with the rise of the resort towns such as Kaanapali.

Historic sites in the town include Kaʻahumanu Church (named after Queen Kaʻahumanu, wife of Kamehameha I) which dates to 1876, the Wailuku Civic Center Historic District, the site of the Chee Kung Tong Society Building, and the Bailey House, a 19th-century former seminary and home that houses a history museum and the Maui Historical Society.

There are two ancient temples near Wailuku, called *heiau* — the Halekiʻi Heiau and the Pihanakalani Heiau. Both date back hundreds of years and were used for religious purposes by the native Hawaiians.

Wailuku is served by Kahului Airport.

## Geography

The ancient (left) and the modern (right) district of Wailuku

Wailuku is located at 20°53′31″N 156°30′8″W / 20.89194°N 156.50222°W / 20.89194; -156.50222 (20.891923, -156.502177) between the CDPs of Waihee-Waiehu to the north, Kahului to the east, and Waikapu to the south.

The town is situated at 249 feet (76 m) above sea level, at the base of West Maui Volcano, known historically as Mauna Kahalawai and Hale Mahina, on the northern edge of the isthmus of East Maui (Haleakalā) and West Maui.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.7 square miles (14.8 km2), of which 5.3 square miles (13.8 km2) is land and 0.42 square miles (1.1 km2), or 7.16%, is water.

The three moku or districts of west Maui are Lāhaina, Kāʻanapali, and Wailuku. Wailuku is also known as Pūʻalikomohana, or Nā Wai ʻEhā which means the four waters. The four waters are the ahupuaʻa (smaller land division than district), which are Waikapū, Wailuku, Waiʻehu, and Waiheʻe.

## History

Home to Maui's most famous Hawaiian rulers, site of Kamehameha's decisive 1790 victory at the Battle of Kepaniwai in the Iao Valley, location of the 19th century Mission Station and birthplace of the mighty sugar industry, Wailuku illustrates the powerful influences which shaped the town, the island and the state.

The area was a center of power and population in pre-historic Hawaii. In the mid-1800s it was irrevocably changed when New England missionaries brought their religious beliefs, western skills and implements and new agricultural methods. By the 1860s the Wailuku Sugar Company (owned by C. Brewer & Co.) and other plantations were busy growing and milling sugarcane. Miles of ditches were dug, bringing irrigation water from deep in the mountains to the vast fields of central Maui, and the sugar industry flourished, to the detriment of the native people.

Thousands of skilled and unskilled workers immigrated to Maui from all parts of the world to toil in the fields and factories. They came from China, Japan, Okinawa, Korea, the Philippines, Europe, America – bringing ethnic, cultural and religious diversity to their new home. Many settled in Wailuku, where houses, schools, churches, temples, shops, banks and community buildings were built to meet the needs of the thriving company town.

In 1905, Wailuku was designated Maui's County Seat, and it soon became a hub of government, business and entertainment, boasting vaudeville and movie theatres, bowling alley, hotels, poi factory, ice and soda works, and many markets and offices. Thus began the era of growth which continued until the late 1960s when the sugar industry, losing its economic prosperity, reduced operations and the development of alternative commercial centers drew business away from Wailuku's downtown streets.

Many private and public buildings have architectural and historical significance. Beyond this stylish neighborhood are the narrow lanes where modest bungalow, amidst colorful gardens, preserve the flavor of old Wailuku. On upper Main Street (the road to Iao Valley), are remnants of the missionary era. A tiny graveyard contains tombstones of Hawaiian Ali’i (royalty) and missionary families. Further uphill are the Alexander House and Bailey House, now an excellent museum displaying ancient Hawaiian artifacts and missionary period rooms, and office of the Maui Historical society. A turn on Ilina Street to the top of Vineyard Street brings you to an interesting cemetery with lovely views of the Iao Valley and West Maui Mountains.

Follow Vineyard downhill through a charming neighborhood clustered around the Iao Congregational Church. The mature trees, varied architecture and serene vistas recreate the atmosphere of bygone days. As you approach the center of town, new buildings mingle with old, and former residences or commercial buildings have been rehabilitated for modern uses, keeping the colorful appearance of the past. In the business district, where false fronts and art deco facades stand shoulder to shoulder, sidewalks are shaded by canopies, inviting you to stroll and explore the charms of Old Wailuku Town.

In the Hawaiian tongue Wailuku means literally "destroying water." The Hawaiian god Kāne is considered to be the procreator and the provider of life. He is associated with wai (fresh water) as well as clouds, rain, streams and springs. Kanaloa, the Hawaiian god of the underworld, is represented by the phallic stone of the ʻĪao Needle.

Kapawa, the king of Hawaiʻi prior to Pili, was buried here. Maui's ruler Kakaʻe, in the late 15th century, designated ʻĪao Valley as an aliʻi burial ground. The remains were buried in secret places. In 1790, the Battle of Kepaniwai took place there, in which Kamehameha the Great defeated Kalanikūpule and the Maui army during his campaign to unify the islands. The battle was said to be so bloody that dead bodies blocked ʻĪao Stream, and the battle site was named Kepaniwai ("the damming of the waters").

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | 12,296 |  |  |
| 2010 | 15,313 |  | 24.5% |
| 2020 | 17,697 |  | 15.6% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

As of the census of 2000, there were 12,296 people, 4,535 households, and 3,015 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,427.4 inhabitants per square mile (937.2/km2). There were 4,780 housing units at an average density of 943.6 per square mile (364.3/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 8.16% White, 0.24% African American, 0.36% Native American, 42.08% Asian, 11.70% Pacific Islander, 1.18% from other races, and 26.28% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.75% of the population.

There were 4,535 households, out of which 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.4% were married couples living together, 12.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.5% were non-families. 25.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.28.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 23.7% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 23.9% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.0 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $45,587, and the median income for a family was $51,441. Males had a median income of $33,429 versus $26,487 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $20,503. About 8.1% of families and 11.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.7% of those under age 18 and 3.8% of those age 65 or over.

## Economy

Major employers in Wailuku include Towne Island Homes, Maui Memorial Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente, Maui County, the Pacific Whale Foundation, Maui Ocean Center, *The Maui News*, Maui Community Correctional Center, and Bayada Home Health Care.

## Sports

Wailuku is the birthplace of two former Major League Baseball players, Shane Victorino and Kurt Suzuki. Both were members of World Series champion teams; Victorino in 2008 and 2013, and Suzuki in 2019. From 2010 to 2013, Wailuku was home to its own baseball team, Na Koa Ikaika Maui.

The Maui Bowling Center, which has hosted a strong number of local bowling leagues since its grand opening in 1948, is located in Wailuku. The alley utilized manual pin-setters from its opening until 1961, when it converted to automatic setting machines.

## Points of interest

## InfoBox

| Wailuku, Hawaii | |
| --- | --- |
| Census-designated place | |
| Wailuku, looking from the Wai'ale Drive Bridge towards ʻĪao Valley. | |
| Location in Maui County and the state of Hawaii | |
| WailukuLocation in Hawaii | |
| Coordinates: 20°53′31″N 156°30′8″W / 20.89194°N 156.50222°W / 20.89194; -156.50222 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Hawaii |
| County | Maui |
| Area | |
| Total | 5.67 sq mi (14.69 km2) |
| Land | 5.26 sq mi (13.64 km2) |
| Water | 0.41 sq mi (1.06 km2) |
| Elevation | 249 ft (76 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 17,697 |
| Density | 3,361.25/sq mi (1,297.71/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-10 (Hawaii-Aleutian) |
| ZIP code | 96793 |
| Area code | 808 |
| FIPS code | 15-77450 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0364757 |


# Members of the Dewan Negara, 6th Malaysian Parliament

This is a list of the members of the Dewan Negara (Senate) of the Sixth Parliament of Malaysia.

## Elected by the State Legislative Assembly

| Senator | Party | State | Term start | Term end |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Abang Ahmad Urai (Deputy President) | **BN** (**PBB**) | Sarawak | 9 April 1984 | 8 April 1987 |
| Ahmad Othman | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Kedah |  |  |
| Bee Yang Sek | **BN** (**MCA**) | Kedah | 29 July 1985 | 28 July 1988 |
| Eban Salleh | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Johore | 28 March 1983 | 6 April 1983 |
| Fadzil Mahmood | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Perlis | 9 December 1981 | 8 December 1984 |
| | | | 10 January 1984 | 9 January 1987 |
| Habibah Abdul Ghani | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Pahang | 19 December 1983 | 18 December 1986 |
| Harun Hassan | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Trengganu | 29 July 1985 | 28 July 1988 |
| Hasnah Fatimah Mohd Kasim | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Trengganu |  |  |
| | | | 10 January 1984 | 9 January 1987 |
| Ibrahim @ Ahmed bin Mat Saman @ Othman | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Kedah | 5 December 1983 | 4 December 1986 |
| Ibrahim Ujang | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Negri Sembilan | 3 December 1984 | 2 December 1987 |
| Ishak Abdul Rahman | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Penang | 15 December 1980 | 14 December 1983 |
| | | | 10 January 1984 | 9 January 1987 |
| Ismail Hassan | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Johore | 15 December 1980 | 4 October 1982 |
| James Bernard Willie |  | Sabah | 22 April 1981 | 21 April 1984 |
| | | | 22 December 1983 | 21 December 1986 |
| Kenneth Kanyan Temenggong Koh |  | Sarawak | 9 December 1981 | 8 December 1984 |
| | | | 30 July 1984 | 29 July 1987 |
| Khoo Kay Por | **BN** (**Gerakan**) | Penang | 11 January 1982 | 10 January 1985 |
| | | | 10 January 1984 | 9 January 1987 |
| Kuan Peng Soon @ Kuan Peng Ching | **BN** (**MCA**) | Perak | 3 December 1984 | 2 December 1987 |
| Loo Swee Mok | **BN** (**MCA**) | Pahang | 13 April 1981 | 12 April 1984 |
| | | | 20 December 1983 | 19 December 1986 |
| M. G. Pandithan | **BN** (**MIC**) | Selangor |  |  |
| M. Nyanapandithan | **BN** (**MIC**) | Selangor | 11 December 1984 | 10 December 1987 |
| Mohamed Nasir | **BN** (**BERJASA**) | Kelantan | 17 April 1978 | 16 April 1981 |
| | | |  |  |
| Mohamed Yahya | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Johore | 8 August 1983 | 7 August 1986 |
| | | | 5 December 1983 | 4 December 1986 |
| Mohd Noor Abdullah | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Kelantan | 3 December 1984 | 2 December 1987 |
| Mohd Noor Bedah | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Perlis | 5 December 1983 | 4 December 1986 |
| Mohd Yusoff Kassim | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Perak | 5 December 1983 | 4 December 1986 |
| Mohd Yusoff Md Nor | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Kelantan | 30 July 1984 | 29 July 1987 |
| | | | 3 December 1984 | 2 December 1987 |
| Nasir Manap | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Malacca | 12 December 1983 | 11 December 1986 |
| Ng Ah Poi @ Wong Sian Chuan | **BN** (**MCA**) | Malacca | 13 December 1983 | 12 December 1986 |
| Salleh Kassim | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Trengganu | 5 December 1983 | 3 March 1985 |
| Tay Chee King (Chinese: 郑子瑾) | **BN** (**MCA**) | Johore | 9 April 1984 | 8 April 1987 |
| Wong Yau Ket |  | Sabah | 30 July 1984 | 29 July 1987 |
| Yaacob Engku Yunus | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Kelantan | 15 December 1980 | 26 August 1983 |
| Zakaria Yahya | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Selangor | 30 July 1984 | 29 July 1987 |

## Nominated by the Prime Minister and appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong

| Senator | Party |  | Term start | Term end |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| A. Shaik Dawood Abu Bakar | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Appointed | 15 February 1985 | 14 February 1988 |
| Abdul Ghani Othman | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 11 December 1984 | 10 December 1987 |
| Abdul Hamid Bidin (Deputy President) | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 9 August 1976 | 8 August 1979 |
| | | |  |  |
| Abdul Hamid Ibrahim | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 5 December 1983 | 4 December 1986 |
| Abdul Hamid Latif | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 11 December 1984 | 10 December 1987 |
| Abdul Jalil Abdul Rahman | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 19 July 1982 | 18 July 1985 |
| Abdul Latip Idris @ Latip Dris | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 8 April 1979 | 7 April 1982 |
| | | | 19 July 1982 | 18 July 1985 |
| Abdul Razak Abu Samah | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 6 April 1979 | 5 April 1982 |
| | | | 19 July 1982 | 18 July 1985 |
| Abdul Wahab Abu Bakar | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 19 July 1982 | 18 July 1985 |
| | | | 9 December 1983 | 8 December 1986 |
| Abdullah Fadzil Che Wan | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 16 December 1982 | 15 December 1985 |
| | | | 18 February 1986 | 17 February 1989 |
| Abu Bakar Lajim | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 11 December 1984 | 10 December 1987 |
| Ainon Ariffin | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 18 February 1986 | 17 February 1989 |
| Alexander Y. L. Lee | **BN** (**MCA**) | | 11 May 1979 | 10 May 1982 |
| | | | 19 July 1982 | 18 July 1985 |
| Ariffin Salleh | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 8 April 1979 | 7 April 1982 |
| | | | 19 July 1982 | 18 July 1985 |
| Azizah Mohd. Said | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 29 July 1985 | 28 July 1988 |
| Benedict Stephens (President) |  | | 12 April 1985 | 11 April 1988 |
| C. Selvarajah | **BN** (**MIC**) | | 5 December 1983 | 4 December 1986 |
| Chan Choong Tak | **BN** (**MCA**) | | 18 February 1986 | 17 February 1989 |
| D. P. Vijandran | **BN** (**MIC**) | | 9 December 1982 | 8 December 1985 |
| | | | 2 December 1985 | 1 December 1988 |
| G. Pasamanickam | **BN** (**MIC**) | | 15 December 1980 | 14 December 1983 |
| | | | 5 December 1983 | 4 December 1986 |
| Hafsah Othman | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 19 July 1982 | 18 July 1985 |
| Hassan Nam |  | | 9 April 1984 | 8 April 1987 |
| Hussein Ahmad | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 11 December 1984 | 10 December 1987 |
| Hussein Mohd. Nordin | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 9 August 1976 | 8 August 1979 |
| | | |  | 8 April 1984 |
| H'ng Hung Yong | **BN** (**MCA**) | | 19 July 1982 | 18 July 1985 |
| Ibrahim Salleh | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 15 December 1980 | 14 December 1983 |
| | | | 19 July 1982 | 18 July 1985 |
| Ismail Khan (President) | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 15 December 1980 | 14 December 1983 |
| | | | 15 December 1983 | 14 December 1986 |
| Jaafar Harun | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 17 December 1982 | 16 December 1985 |
| Janaky Athi Nahappan | **BN** (**MIC**) | | 19 July 1982 | 18 July 1985 |
| | | | 5 December 1983 | 4 December 1986 |
| K. S. Nijhar | **BN** (**MIC**) | | 2 August 1985 | 1 August 1988 |
| Kamaruzaman Ahmad | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 11 December 1984 | 10 December 1987 |
| Kee Yong Wee | **BN** (**MCA**) | | 19 July 1982 | 18 July 1985 |
| | | | 2 December 1985 | 1 December 1988 |
| Kumaran Kanugaran | **BN** (**MIC**) | | 10 December 1979 | 9 December 1982 |
| | | | 17 December 1982 | 16 December 1985 |
| Lim Hiang Nai @ Lim Sean Lean | **BN** (**MCA**) | | 5 December 1983 | 4 December 1986 |
| Lim Kean Siew | **BN** (**MCA**) | | 8 March 1984 | 7 March 1987 |
| Loh Fook Yen | **BN** (**MCA**) | | 12 December 1983 | 11 December 1986 |
| M. K. Muthusamy | **BN** (**MIC**) | | 19 July 1982 | 18 July 1985 |
| Mazidah Zakaria | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 18 February 1986 | 17 February 1989 |
| Mohamed Ghazali Jawi | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 9 November 1977 | 8 November 1980 |
| | | |  | 9 December 1982 |
| Mohamed Yusof Mohamed Noor | **BN** (**UMNO**) | |  |  |
| Mohd Din Jaafar | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 7 April 1980 | 6 April 1983 |
| | | | 8 August 1983 | 7 August 1986 |
| Nen Abidah Abdullah | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 20 December 1982 | 19 December 1985 |
| Ng Cheng Kiat | **BN** (**MCA**) | | 6 January 1986 | 5 January 1989 |
| Pandak Hamid Puteh Jali | **BN** (**UMNO**) | |  | 1965 |
| | | | 18 October 1965 | 17 October 1968 |
| | | |  |  |
| | | | 20 December 1971 | 19 December 1974 |
| | | |  |  |
| | | | 9 November 1977 | 8 November 1980 |
| | | |  | 22 May 1983 |
| Paramjit Singh | **BN** (**PPP**) | | 19 July 1982 | 18 July 1985 |
| | | | 29 July 1985 | 28 July 1988 |
| R. M. Jasni | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 19 July 1982 | 18 July 1985 |
| | | | 18 February 1986 | 17 February 1989 |
| Rajoo Desari @ Govindasamy | **BN** (**MIC**) | | 7 April 1986 | 6 April 1989 |
| Rogayah Che Mat | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 18 February 1986 | 17 February 1989 |
| Rokiah @ Maimun Zainuddin | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 8 August 1983 | 7 August 1986 |
| S. Govindaraj | **BN** (**MIC**) | | 19 July 1982 | 18 July 1985 |
| Shaharom Maasom | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 17 December 1982 | 16 December 1985 |
| | | | 18 February 1986 | 17 February 1989 |
| Shuaib Lazim | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 5 April 1985 | 4 April 1988 |
| Stephen Timothy Wan Ullok |  | | 28 March 1983 | 27 March 1986 |
| Sulaiman Ninam Shah (Deputy President) | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 6 April 1979 | 5 April 1982 |
| | | | 19 July 1982 | 18 July 1985 |
| Tan Chang Soong | **BN** (**MCA**) | | 15 December 1980 | 14 December 1983 |
| | | | 10 January 1984 | 9 January 1987 |
| Tiong Hiew King | **BN** (**SUPP**) | | 29 July 1985 | 28 July 1988 |
| Wong Kie Yik | **BN** (**MCA**) | | 26 February 1986 | 25 February 1989 |
| Wong Seng Chow | **BN** (**MCA**) | | 14 December 1982 | 13 December 1985 |
| Zaiton Ibrahim Ahmad | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 5 January 1981 | 4 January 1984 |

## Death in office

* Ismail Hassan (d. 4 October 1982)
* Mohamed Ghazali Jawi (d. 9 December 1982)
* Eban Salleh (d. 6 April 1983)
* Pandak Hamid Puteh Jali (d. 22 May 1983)
* Yaacob Engku Yunus (d. 26 August 1983)
* Hussein Mohd. Nordin (d. 8 April 1984)
* Salleh Kassim (d. 3 March 1985)

## Footnotes

1. "Senate Archive List of Senators". Parliament of Malaysia. Retrieved 2018-08-04.
2. "Hansard Majlis Mengangkat Sumpah". Parliament of Malaysia. Retrieved 2018-08-04.
3. "1985年峇株巴辖永春会馆六十七周年会庆特刊 by 沈志堅 - Issuu". 12 January 2019.

## InfoBox

| 6th Parliament of Malaysia | |
| --- | --- |
| 5th Parliament 7th Parliament | |
| Overview | |
| Legislative body | Parliament of Malaysia |
| Jurisdiction | Malaysia |
| Meeting place | Malaysian Houses of Parliament |
| Term | 14 June 1982 – 19 July 1986 |
| Election | Indirect election and appointments |
| Website | www.parlimen.gov.my |
| Dewan Negara | |
| Members | 68 (until 16 April 1984)
69 |
| President | Ismail Khan (until 13 April 1985)
Benedict Stephens |
| Deputy President | Abdul Hamid Bidin (until 28 July 1982)
Sulaiman Ninam Shah (until 1 April 1985)
Abang Ahmad Urai |
| Secretary | Ahmad Hasmuni Hussein |
| Party control | Barisan Nasional |
| Sovereign | |
| Yang di-Pertuan Agong | Tuanku Ahmad Shah (until 25 April 1984)
Tuanku Iskandar |
| Sessions | |
| 1st 19 July 1982 – 10 January 1984  2nd 12 March 1984 – 21 December 1984  3rd 25 March 1985 – 20 December 1985  4th 10 March 1986 – 18 April 1986 | |


# Members of the Dewan Negara, 12th Malaysian Parliament

This is a list of the members of the Dewan Negara (Senate) of the Twelfth Parliament of Malaysia.

## Elected by the State Legislative Assembly

| Senator | Party | State | Term start | Term end |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Abdul Shukor P. A. Mohd Sultan | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Perlis | 2 May 2012 | 1 May 2015 |
| Ahamad Yusop | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Johor | 15 July 2008 | 14 July 2011 |
| | | | 4 July 2011 | 3 July 2014 |
| Ahmad Husin | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Perlis | 8 May 2006 | 7 May 2009 |
| | | | 6 May 2009 | 5 May 2012 |
| Ahmad Rusli Iberahim | **PAS** | Kelantan | 15 July 2008 | 14 July 2011 |
| Akbar Ali | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Malacca | 27 August 2008 | 26 August 2011 |
| Ariffin Omar | **DAP** | Penang | 8 June 2012 | 7 June 2015 |
| Armani Mahiruddin (Deputy President) | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Sabah | 20 December 2005 | 19 December 2008 |
| | | | 22 December 2008 | 21 December 2011 |
| Azlan Osman | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Perak | 14 November 2006 | 13 November 2009 |
| | | | 16 November 2009 | 15 November 2012 |
| Chandra Mohan S. Thambirajah | **DAP** | Selangor | 17 December 2012 | 16 December 2015 |
| Dayang Madinah Abang Openg | **BN** (**PBB**) | Sarawak | 19 July 2010 | 18 July 2013 |
| Empiang Jabu | **BN** (**PBB**) | Sarawak | 28 June 2004 | 27 June 2007 |
| | | | 11 July 2007 | 10 July 2010 |
| Gooi Hoe Hin | **BN** (**Gerakan**) | Penang | 16 June 2006 | 15 June 2009 |
| Heng Seai Kie | **BN** (**MCA**) | Perak | 6 December 2006 | 5 December 2009 |
| | | | 16 November 2009 | 15 November 2012 |
| Hiang A Li | **BN** (**MCA**) | Pahang | 8 May 2006 | 7 May 2009 |
| Idris Buang | **BN** (**PBB**) | Sarawak | 7 December 2005 | 6 December 2008 |
| | | | 3 December 2008 | 2 December 2011 |
| Ikhwan Salim Sujak | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Selangor |  |  |
| | | | 6 December 2006 | 5 December 2009 |
| Johari Mat | **PAS** | Kelantan | 7 July 2011 | 6 July 2014 |
| Kadzim M. Yahya | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Sabah | 22 December 2011 | 21 December 2014 |
| Khairiah Mohamed | **PAS** | Kelantan | 9 July 2012 | 8 July 2015 |
| Khoo Soo Seang | **BN** (**MCA**) | Johor |  |  |
| | | | 13 December 2010 | 12 December 2013 |
| Lee Cheam Choon | **BN** (**MCA**) | Malacca | 1 September 2009 | 31 August 2012 |
| Lee Chee Keong | **BN** (**MCA**) | Negeri Sembilan | 20 December 2005 | 19 December 2008 |
| Lihan Jok | **BN** (**PBB**) | Sarawak | 7 December 2011 | 6 December 2014 |
| Lim Nget Yoon | **BN** (**MCA**) | Pahang | 8 June 2012 | 7 June 2015 |
| Lucas Umbul | **BN** (**UPKO**) | Sabah | 10 December 2012 | 9 December 2015 |
| Maijol Mahap | **BN** (**UPKO**) | Sabah | 6 December 2006 | 5 December 2009 |
| | | | 9 December 2009 | 8 December 2012 |
| Mohammed Najeeb Abdullah | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Negeri Sembilan | 26 April 2010 | 25 April 2013 |
| Mohd Khalid Ahmad | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Perlis | 6 May 2009 | 5 May 2012 |
| | | | 2 May 2012 | 1 May 2015 |
| Muhamad Yusof Husin | **PAS** | Kedah | 26 May 2008 | 25 May 2011 |
| | | | 4 July 2011 | 3 July 2014 |
| Mumtaz Md Nawi | **PAS** | Kelantan | 19 July 2006 | 18 July 2009 |
| | | | 6 July 2009 | 5 July 2012 |
| Mustafa Kamal Mohd. Yusoff | **PKR** | Penang | 6 July 2009 | 5 July 2012 |
| Ng Fook Heng | **BN** (**MCA**) | Pahang | 6 May 2009 | 5 May 2012 |
| Nordiana Shafie | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Terengganu | 23 December 2005 | 22 December 2008 |
| Omar Faudzar | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Penang |  |  |
| | | | 16 June 2006 | 15 June 2009 |
| Ramakrishnan Suppiah | **DAP** | Selangor | 9 December 2009 | 8 December 2012 |
| Rohani Abdullah | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Terengganu | 26 January 2012 | 25 January 2015 |
| Roslin Abdul Rahman | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Pahang | 8 June 2012 | 7 June 2015 |
| Saat Abu | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Malacca | 7 December 2011 | 6 December 2014 |
| Saiful Izham Ramli | **PKR** | Kedah | 4 July 2011 | 3 July 2014 |
| Samsiah Samsudin | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Appointed |  |  |
| | | Negeri Sembilan | 14 December 2006 | 13 December 2009 |
| Siti Rokiah Mohd. Zabidin | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Pahang | 8 May 2006 | 7 May 2009 |
| Siw Chun Eam | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Perlis | 20 December 2005 | 19 December 2008 |
| Soon Tian Szu | **BN** (**MCA**) | Malacca | 26 April 2006 | 25 April 2009 |
| Syed Husin Ali | **PKR** | Selangor | 16 December 2009 | 15 December 2012 |
| | | | 17 December 2012 | 16 December 2015 |
| Syed Shahir Syed Mohamud | **PKR** | Penang | 8 June 2012 | 7 June 2015 |
| Tunku Abdul Aziz Ibrahim | **DAP** | Penang | 6 July 2009 | 5 July 2012 |
| Wan Ahmad Farid Wan Salleh | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Terengganu | 23 December 2005 | 22 December 2008 |
| | | | 23 December 2008 | 22 December 2011 |
| Wan Nordin Che Murat | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Perlis |  |  |
| | | | 8 May 2006 | 7 May 2009 |
| Yeow Chai Thiam | **BN** (**MCA**) | Negeri Sembilan | 6 May 2009 | 5 May 2012 |
| Yip Kum Fook | **BN** (**MCA**) | Selangor | 6 December 2006 | 5 December 2009 |
| Zainun A. Bakar | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Terengganu | 6 May 2009 | 5 May 2012 |
| Zaitun Mat | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Pahang | 6 May 2009 | 5 May 2012 |
| Zaitun Mat Amin | **BN** (**UMNO**) | Terengganu | 8 June 2012 | 7 June 2015 |
| Zamri Yusuf | **PKR** | Kedah | 26 May 2008 | 25 May 2011 |

## Nominated by the Prime Minister and appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong

| Senator | Party |  | Term start | Term end |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| A. Kohillan Pillay | **BN** (**Gerakan**) | Appointed | 12 February 2008 | 11 February 2011 |
| | | | 14 February 2011 | 13 February 2014 |
| Abdul Hamid Pawanteh (President) | **BN** (**UMNO**) | |  |  |
| | | | 19 July 2006 | 18 July 2009 |
| Abdul Rahim Abdul Rahman | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 3 May 2010 | 2 May 2013 |
| Abdul Rahman Bakar | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 15 July 2008 | 14 July 2011 |
| | | | 18 July 2011 | 17 July 2014 |
| Abdul Rashid Ngah | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 6 December 2004 | 5 December 2007 |
| | | | 13 December 2007 | 12 December 2010 |
| Abu Zahar Ujang (President) | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 26 April 2010 | 25 April 2013 |
| Amirsham Abdul Aziz | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 18 March 2008 | 17 March 2011 |
| Awang Adek Hussin | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 9 April 2009 | 8 April 2012 |
| | | | 9 April 2012 | 8 April 2015 |
| Azizah Abdul Samad | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 26 August 2004 | 25 August 2007 |
| Baharudin Abu Bakar | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 6 September 2011 | 5 September 2014 |
| Boon Som Inong | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 15 December 2010 | 14 December 2013 |
| Chandrasekar Suppiah | **BN** (**MIC**) | | 15 July 2008 | 14 July 2011 |
| Chew Lee Giok | **BN** (**MCA**) | | 13 December 2010 | 12 December 2013 |
| Chew Mei Fun | **BN** (**MCA**) | | 9 April 2009 | 8 April 2012 |
| Chew Vun Ming | **BN** (**MCA**) | | 22 February 2006 | 21 February 2009 |
| Chiew Lian Keng | **BN** (**MCA**) | | 2 November 2011 | 1 November 2014 |
| Chin Su Phin | **BN** (**LDP**) | | 4 July 2011 | 3 July 2014 |
| Chiw Tiang Chai | **BN** (**PPP**) | | 14 October 2005 | 13 October 2008 |
| | | | 22 August 2011 | 21 August 2014 |
| Daljit Singh Dalliwal | **BN** (**MIC**) | | 10 September 2008 | 9 September 2011 |
| Donald Lim Siang Chai | **BN** (**MCA**) | | 2 June 2010 | 1 June 2013 |
| Doris Sophia Brodi (Deputy President) | **BN** (**PRS**) | | 12 March 2010 | 11 March 2013 |
| Fatimah Hamat | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 23 December 2008 | 22 December 2011 |
| Firdaus Abdullah | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 21 January 2009 | 20 January 2012 |
| | | | 26 January 2012 | 25 January 2015 |
| Gan Ping Sieu | **BN** (**MCA**) | | 2 June 2010 | 1 June 2013 |
| Idris Jala | **IND** | | 1 September 2009 | 31 August 2012 |
| | | | 3 September 2012 | 2 September 2015 |
| Ismail Md. Salleh | **IND** | | 18 December 2007 | 27 August 2009 |
| Jamil Khir Baharom | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 9 April 2009 | 8 April 2012 |
| | | | 9 April 2012 | 8 April 2015 |
| Jamilah Sulaiman | **BN** (**PBS**) | | 7 November 2012 | 6 November 2015 |
| Jaspal Singh Gurbakhes Singh | **BN** (**MIC**) | | 2 November 2011 | 1 November 2014 |
| Jins Shamsuddin | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 13 October 2004 | 12 October 2007 |
| | | | 12 February 2008 | 11 February 2011 |
| Kamaruddin Ambok | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 26 August 2004 | 25 August 2007 |
| Koh Tsu Koon | **BN** (**Gerakan**) | | 9 April 2009 | 8 April 2012 |
| | | | 9 April 2012 | 8 April 2015 |
| Lee Sing Chooi | **BN** (**MCA**) | | 2 October 2003 | 1 October 2006 |
| | | | 14 October 2006 | 9 December 2008 |
| Loga Chitra M. Govindasamy | **BN** (**MIC**) | | 6 April 2007 | 5 April 2010 |
| M. Krishnan | **BN** (**MIC**) | |  |  |
| M. Malasingam | **BN** (**MIC**) | | 10 March 2009 | 9 March 2012 |
| Maglin Dennis D'Cruz | **BN** (**PPP**) | | 2 June 2010 | 1 June 2013 |
| Mariany Mohammad Yit | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 15 December 2010 | 14 December 2013 |
| Mashitah Ibrahim | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 18 March 2008 | 17 March 2011 |
| | | | 21 March 2011 | 20 March 2014 |
| Maznah Mazlan | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 21 April 2008 | 20 April 2011 |
| | | | 25 April 2011 | 24 April 2014 |
| Mohamad Ezam Mohd. Nor | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 3 May 2010 | 2 May 2013 |
| Mohd Effendi Norwawi | **BN** (**PBB**) | | 16 February 2006 | 15 February 2009 |
| | | | 10 March 2009 | 9 March 2012 |
| Muhammad Muhammad Taib | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 17 November 2006 | 16 November 2009 |
| Muhammad Olian Abdullah | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 9 December 2009 | 8 December 2012 |
| | | | 10 December 2012 | 9 December 2015 |
| Murugiah Thopasamy | **BN** (**PPP**) | | 21 April 2008 | 20 April 2011 |
| Musa Sheikh Fadzir | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 13 December 2004 | 12 December 2007 |
| | | | 13 December 2007 | 12 December 2010 |
| Nallakaruppan Solaimalai | **MIUP** | | 2 November 2011 | 1 November 2014 |
| Nor Hayati Onn | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 14 October 2005 | 13 October 2008 |
| | | | 28 October 2008 | 27 October 2011 |
| Noriah Mahat | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 3 May 2010 | 2 May 2013 |
| Norliza Abdul Rahim | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 4 July 2011 | 3 July 2014 |
| Osman Bungsu | **IND** | | 2 October 2003 | 1 October 2006 |
| | | | 14 October 2006 | 13 October 2009 |
| Palanivel Govindasamy | **BN** (**MIC**) | | 3 May 2010 | 2 May 2013 |
| Pau Chiong Ung | **BN** (**SPDP**) | |  |  |
| | | | 13 December 2010 | 12 December 2013 |
| Paul Kong Sing Chu | **BN** (**MCA**) | | 9 December 2009 | 8 December 2012 |
| Raja Nong Chik Zainal Abidin | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 9 April 2009 | 8 April 2012 |
| | | | 9 April 2012 | 8 April 2015 |
| Raja Ropiah Raja Abdullah | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 9 April 2012 | 8 April 2015 |
| Rawisandran Narayanan | **BN** (**MIC**) | | 19 January 2007 | 18 January 2010 |
| Rizuan Abdul Hamid | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 14 October 2005 | 13 October 2008 |
| | | | 28 October 2008 | 27 October 2011 |
| Roslan Awang Chik | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 6 December 2004 | 5 December 2007 |
| | | | 13 December 2007 | 12 December 2010 |
| S. Bagiam Ayem Perumal | **BN** (**MIC**) | | 22 August 2011 | 21 August 2014 |
| Shahrizat Abdul Jalil | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 9 April 2009 | 8 April 2012 |
| Shamsudin Mehat | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 18 December 2007 | 17 December 2010 |
| Sharifah Azizah Syed Zain | **BN** (**UMNO**) | |  |  |
| | | | 9 March 2007 | 8 March 2010 |
| Sharipah Aminah Syed Mohamed | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 13 December 2004 | 12 December 2007 |
| | | | 13 December 2007 | 12 December 2010 |
| Sim Kheng Hui | **BN** (**SUPP**) | | 18 December 2007 | 17 December 2010 |
| Subbaiyah Palaniappan | **BN** (**MIC**) | | 25 April 2011 | 18 April 2012 |
| Subramaniam Veruthasalam | **BN** (**MIC**) | | 22 August 2011 | 21 August 2014 |
| Syed Ali Syed Abbas Alhabshee | **BN** (**UMNO**) | |  |  |
| | | | 26 April 2006 | 25 April 2009 |
| Syed Ibrahim Kader | **KIMMA** | | 4 July 2011 | 3 July 2014 |
| Tee Hock Seng | **BN** (**MCA**) | | 15 July 2008 | 14 July 2011 |
| Usha Nandhini S. Jayaram | **BN** (**MIC**) | | 15 July 2008 | 14 July 2011 |
| Vijayaratnam Seevaratnam | **BN** (**Gerakan**) | | 22 February 2006 | 3 November 2008 |
| Wan Hazani Wan Mohd Nor | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 14 October 2005 | 13 October 2008 |
| | | | 3 December 2008 | 2 December 2011 |
| Wan Ramlah Ahmad | **BN** (**UMNO**) | |  |  |
| | | | 8 January 2007 | 7 January 2010 |
| Wong Foon Meng (Deputy President) (President) | **BN** (**MCA**) | |  |  |
| | | | 7 May 2007 | 6 May 2010 |
| Wong Siong Hwee | **BN** (**MCA**) | |  |  |
| Yunus Kurus | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 4 July 2011 | 3 July 2014 |
| Zaid Ibrahim | **BN** (**UMNO**) | | 18 March 2008 | 17 March 2011 |

## Death in office

* Vijayaratnam Seevaratnam (d. 3 November 2008)
* Lee Sing Chooi (d. 9 December 2008)
* Ismail Md. Salleh (d. 27 August 2009)
* Subbaiyah Palaniappan (d. 18 April 2012)

## Footnotes

1. "Proclamation - Dissolution of Parliament \[P.U. (A) 129/2013\]" (PDF). Attorney General's Chamber of Malaysia. 3 April 2013.
2. "Senate Archive List of Senators". Parliament of Malaysia. Retrieved 2018-08-04.
3. "Hansard Majlis Mengangkat Sumpah". Parliament of Malaysia. Retrieved 2018-08-04.

## InfoBox

| 12th Parliament of Malaysia | |
| --- | --- |
| 11th Parliament 13th Parliament | |
| Overview | |
| Legislative body | Parliament of Malaysia |
| Jurisdiction | Malaysia |
| Meeting place | Malaysian Houses of Parliament |
| Term | 28 April 2008 – 3 April 2013 |
| Election | Indirect election and appointments |
| Website | www.parlimen.gov.my |
| Dewan Negara | |
|  | |
| Members | 70 |
| President | Abdul Hamid Pawanteh (until 6 July 2009)
Wong Foon Meng (until 12 April 2010)
Abu Zahar Ujang |
| Deputy President | Wong Foon Meng (until 6 July 2009)
Armani Mahiruddin (until 20 December 2011)
Doris Sophia Brodi |
| Secretary | Zamani Sulaiman |
| Party control | Barisan Nasional |
| Sovereign | |
| Yang di-Pertuan Agong | Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin (until 12 December 2011)
Tuanku Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah |
| Sessions | |
| 1st 29 April 2008 – 23 December 2008  2nd 16 February 2009 – 22 December 2009  3rd 15 March 2010 – 22 December 2010  4th 7 March 2011 – 26 January 2012  5th 12 March 2012 – 20 December 2012 | |


title: Meli Saubulinayau

abstract: Colonel Ratu Meli Saubulinayau is a former Fijian career soldier, who, as of January 2006, headed the Strategic Unit in Suva. He was appointed to the post at the beginning of January 2006. Previously the Acting Land Force Commander, he had been effectively the second in rank to Commodore Frank Bainimarama, the Commander Republic of Fiji Military Forces, and it was rumoured that he had been removed from this post because of differences with the Commander, but Military spokesman Captain Neumi Leweni denied this on 13 January 2006, according to the Fiji Times. The previous day, the Fiji Live news service reported that Saubulinayau had been called in to mediate between Bainimarama and the new Acting Land Force Commander, Lieutenant Colonel Jone Baledrokadroka, but Leweni and Bainimarama both denied that the confrontation, alleged to be over Bainimarama's anti-government rhetoric and threats to depose the government, had taken place. All Military meetings that day had been routine, they insisted. On 31 October 2006, while Bainimarama was in Egypt visiting Fijian forces on peacekeeping duties in the Middle East, President Ratu Josefa Iloilo accepted government counsel by moving to terminate the Bainimarama's command. In his place, he appointed Saubulinayau, who declined to take the position. Senior Fijian military officers publicly backed Bainimarama who reiterated previous calls for the government to resign. Saubulinayau was subsequently sent on leave pending an investigation into alleged insubordination, in connection with the attempted dismissal of Bainimarama. Saubulinayau's resignation from the military was announced in February, 2007. Ratu Meli Saubulinayau is from the chiefly village of Tubou, on Lakeba, making him a member of the Vuanirewa, the ruling household of the Lau Islands

text:
# Meli Saubulinayau

Colonel ***Ratu*** **Meli Saubulinayau** is a former Fijian career soldier, who, as of January 2006, headed the Strategic Unit in Suva. He was appointed to the post at the beginning of January 2006. Previously the Acting Land Force Commander, he had been effectively the second in rank to Commodore Frank Bainimarama, the Commander Republic of Fiji Military Forces, and it was rumoured that he had been removed from this post because of differences with the Commander, but Military spokesman Captain Neumi Leweni denied this on 13 January 2006, according to the Fiji Times.

The previous day, the Fiji Live news service reported that Saubulinayau had been called in to mediate between Bainimarama and the new Acting Land Force Commander, Lieutenant Colonel Jone Baledrokadroka, but Leweni and Bainimarama both denied that the confrontation, alleged to be over Bainimarama's anti-government rhetoric and threats to depose the government, had taken place. All Military meetings that day had been routine, they insisted.

On 31 October 2006, while Bainimarama was in Egypt visiting Fijian forces on peacekeeping duties in the Middle East, President Ratu Josefa Iloilo accepted government counsel by moving to terminate the Bainimarama's command. In his place, he appointed Saubulinayau, who declined to take the position. Senior Fijian military officers publicly backed Bainimarama who reiterated previous calls for the government to resign. Saubulinayau was subsequently sent on leave pending an investigation into alleged insubordination, in connection with the attempted dismissal of Bainimarama. Saubulinayau's resignation from the military was announced in February, 2007.

Ratu Meli Saubulinayau is from the chiefly village of Tubou, on Lakeba, making him a member of the Vuanirewa, the ruling household of the Lau Islands


title: WKKD (AM)

abstract: WKKD was a radio station licensed to Aurora, Illinois. The station's studios, transmitter and towers were at 1880 Plain Avenue in Aurora.

text:
# WKKD (AM)

**WKKD** (1580 AM) was a radio station licensed to Aurora, Illinois. The station's studios, transmitter and towers were at 1880 Plain Avenue in Aurora.

## History

### Early history

The station was originally owned by Chicago area radio announcer, emcee, and engineer Russell G. Salter, and began broadcasting on September 21, 1960. The station initially ran 250 watts during daytime hours only with a three tower directional pattern towards Aurora.

The station began simulcasting on 95.9 WKKD-FM on February 12, 1961. Bill Blough hosted a country music program in the station's first years. Chicago weathercaster Tom Skilling began his career at WKKD, c. 1966, while he attended High School in Aurora. By 1968, the simulcast had ended. WKKD 1580 would air an easy listening format.

### WFVR

In 1973, the station's callsign was changed to WFVR, standing for "Fox Valley Radio", and the station adopted a country music format.

### Adult contemporary era

By 1979, the station had adopted an adult contemporary-MOR format.

In 1983, the station's callsign was changed back to WKKD and it became part of a partial simulcast with WKKD-FM, while continuing to air an adult contemporary format. On October 3, 1986, the station was granted a construction permit to broadcast during nighttime hours.

### Pure Gold

By 1988, the station had begun airing an oldies format branded as "Pure Gold". By 1989, the station had begun nighttime operations. In 1993, WKKD-FM began simulcasting the oldies format of WKKD.

### Real Country

In March 1995, AM 1580 adopted a country music format, airing Satellite Music Network's "Real Country" format.

### Viva 1580

On July 1, 1996, the station adopted a Spanish language Tejano music format as "Viva 1580".

### CNN Headline News

In 1997, the station adopted an all-news format, airing the national audio feed of CNN Headline News. In 2000, the Salter family sold WKKD AM & FM, as well as WRWC in Rockford, Illinois to RadioWorks for $6.5 million, plus $1.5 million in consulting and non-compete agreements. In 2001, the station was sold to NextMedia Group, along with WKKD-FM, for $3.4 million.

### Kovas Communications ownership

In early 2002, the station was sold to Kovas Communications for $825,000, and it began simulcasting the ethnic programming of WONX. In October 2004, the station began airing talk shows related to health and fitness, becoming a full-time "Health Radio" outlet February 1, 2005. This format would later be simulcast on 1600 WMCW.

### End of operations

In 2007, Kovas Communications applied with the FCC to move WKKD to Silvis, Illinois. In February 2008, the station was granted a construction permit to move WKKD to Silvis, Illinois, and increase its power to 1,000 watts during the day and 1,400 watts at night. On November 29, 2008, the station was taken off the air and on April 10, 2009, Kovas Communications surrendered the station's license to the FCC. WKKD's license was surrendered, along with 1600 WMCW's and 1600 WCGO's, in order to enable 1590 WONX (now WCGO) to increase its daytime power from 3,500 watts to 7,000 watts.

The Federal Communications Commission cancelled the station’s license on April 20, 2009.

## InfoBox

WKKD
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 1580 AM (kHz) |
| Programming | |
| Format | Defunct |
| History | |
| First air date | September 21, 1960 |
| Last air date | November 29, 2008 |
| Former call signs | WKKD (1960–1973)
WFVR (1973–1983) |
| Call sign meaning | **W** **K**ane, **K**endall and **D**uPage |
| Technical information | |
| Facility ID | 72077 |
| Class | B |
| Power | 170 watts day
200 watts night |


title: WKKN

abstract: WKKN is a radio station licensed to Westminster, Vermont, United States, with studios located in Keene, New Hampshire. The station is owned by Great Eastern Radio, LLC. The station is simulcast on WTHK in Wilmington, Vermont.

text:
# WKKN

**WKKN** (101.9 FM; "The Peak") is a radio station licensed to Westminster, Vermont, United States, with studios located in Keene, New Hampshire. The station is owned by Great Eastern Radio, LLC. The station is simulcast on WTHK (100.7 FM) in Wilmington, Vermont.

## History

The station went on the air as WCNL-FM in 1971, on 104.9 MHz and was originally licensed to Newport, New Hampshire, and was on 101.7 FM with transmitting facilities atop Green Mountain in Claremont. On August 1, 1988, the station changed its call sign to WXXK-FM, and was the original home of the successful country station "Kixx" before moving to the more powerful 100.5 frequency in Lebanon, New Hampshire. On March 31, 1997, the call sign changed to WVRR and operated under the moniker V-101. In 2002, Clear Channel merged V-101 with WMXR to become locally produced Rock 93.9 & 101.7. The station was granted a move by the FCC to change the city of license to Westminster, Vermont, and move to its present frequency of 101.9 FM. After the move was completed, on April 14, 2008, the call sign was changed to the current WKKN; the station then introduced a Keene-focused rock format branded "K-Rock".

On October 1, 2012, WKKN changed its format to country, simulcasting WXXK; this change came after the bankruptcy of Nassau Broadcasting led to the sale of WHDQ (a classic rock station in Claremont that has long considered Keene to be part of its broadcast area) to Great Eastern Radio. The WXXK simulcast ended on March 16, 2015, when WKKN, along with WTHK in Wilmington (which had also been serving as a WXXK simulcast), launched an adult album alternative format branded as "The Peak". The station switched to a classic rock format on May 14, 2018, although it retained its existing branding.

## InfoBox

WKKN
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Keene, New Hampshire |
| Frequency | 101.9 MHz |
| Branding | *The Peak 101.9 and 100.7* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Classic rock |
| Affiliations |  |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Great Eastern Radio, LLC |
| Sister stations | WEEY, WFYX, WTHK |
| History | |
| First air date | 1971 (1971) (as WCNL-FM at 101.7) |
| Former call signs | * WCNL-FM (1971–1988) * WXXK-FM (1988–1997) * WVRR (1997–2008) |
| Former frequencies | 101.7 MHz (1971–2008) |
| Call sign meaning | Keene |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 46334 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 1,050 watts |
| HAAT | 236 meters (774 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 43°2′0.3″N 72°22′2″W / 43.033417°N 72.36722°W / 43.033417; -72.36722 |
| Repeater(s) | 100.7 WTHK (Wilmington) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen live |
| Website | www.thepeakradio.com |


title: WKKM-LP

abstract: WKKM-LP is an American low-power FM radio station, licensed to the city of Harrison, Michigan. The station operates on a frequency of 106.5 MHz with an effective radiated power of 83 watts. The station is owned by Hope Baptist Church of Harrison; studios, offices and transmitter facilities are at 209 East Spruce Street in Harrison.

text:
# WKKM-LP

**WKKM-LP** is an American low-power FM radio station, licensed to the city of Harrison, Michigan. The station operates on a frequency of 106.5 MHz with an effective radiated power of 83 watts. The station is owned by Hope Baptist Church of Harrison; studios, offices and transmitter facilities are at 209 East Spruce Street in Harrison.

## History

WKKM's origins in Harrison date back to 1975, when Detroit radio personality and engineer David Allan Carmine (best known professionally as Dave Carr) moved his family from Detroit to Harrison to start a radio station there. Harrison did not have a local radio station on the air serving the immediate area, so Carmine applied for the frequency of 92.1. Carmine signed on the air with a country format, billing it as "The Country King" and "The Mighty 92" and kept it under this format until he sold the station in 2002, choosing to retire. That station, known today as WTWS, was later re-licensed to Houghton Lake, Michigan, and its new sister station, WUPS, was re-licensed to Harrison, though it has no physical presence there.

In 2002, Carmine formed "The Country King, Incorporated" as a non-profit entity, with the intent of starting a non-commercial educational station in Harrison.

The WKKM call letters then bounced around to a non-commercial station in Imlay City after the sale, then Alpena and finally back to Harrison, where they resurfaced at 90.7 MHz, known today as WBHL, part of the Strong Tower Radio network. From 2008 to 2011, that station was licensed to "The Country King, Incorporated", also owned by Carmine. It, too, boasted the country music format that its predecessor in 1975 pioneered. In 2011, that station was sold and its power increased to 10,000 watts.

The current low-power incarnation of WKKM first went on the air September 18, 2014, under the licensee "The Country King, Incorporated", and was owned by Carmine. The station does not have a social media page or website at this time. The license was applied for in October 2013 and granted by the FCC in January 2014.

In May 2024, Hope Baptist Church of Harrison purchased the station from Country King, Incorporated.

## InfoBox

WKKM
| * Harrison, Michigan | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 106.5 MHz |
| Programming | |
| Format | Christian radio |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Hope Baptist Church of Harrison |
| History | |
| First air date | September 18, 2014 (2014-09-18) |
| Call sign meaning | Heritage call sign in Harrison, previously used by 92.1 FM and 1540 AM. Now, **K**ing of **K**ings **M**edia |
| Technical information | |
| Facility ID | 193246 |
| ERP | 83 watts |
| HAAT | 32.905 meters |
| Transmitter coordinates | 44°1′2.07″N 84°47′56.07″W / 44.0172417°N 84.7989083°W / 44.0172417; -84.7989083 |


title: WWA World Lightweight Championship

abstract: The WWA World Lightweight Championship is an inactive professional wrestling championship promoted by the Mexican wrestling promotion World Wrestling Association (WWA) from 1987 until 1995. The official definition of the Welterweight weight class in Mexico is between 63 kg (139 lb) and 70 kg (150 lb), but the weight limits are not always strictly adhered to. It was first won by Mano Negra in 1987 and defended throughout Mexico until 1995 when the title was first declared vacant and then later on inactive. As it was a professional wrestling championship, the championship was not won not by actual competition, but by a scripted ending to a match determined by the bookers and match makers. On occasion the promotion declares a championship vacant, which means there is no champion at that point in time. This can either be due to a storyline, or real life issues such as a champion suffering an injury being unable to defend the championship, or leaving the company.

text:
# WWA World Lightweight Championship

The **WWA World Lightweight Championship** (*Campeonato Mundial de peso Ligero WWA* in Spanish) is an inactive professional wrestling championship promoted by the Mexican wrestling promotion World Wrestling Association (WWA) from 1987 until 1995. The official definition of the Welterweight weight class in Mexico is between 63 kg (139 lb) and 70 kg (150 lb), but the weight limits are not always strictly adhered to. It was first won by Mano Negra in 1987 and defended throughout Mexico until 1995 when the title was first declared vacant and then later on inactive.

As it was a professional wrestling championship, the championship was not won not by actual competition, but by a scripted ending to a match determined by the bookers and match makers. On occasion the promotion declares a championship vacant, which means there is no champion at that point in time. This can either be due to a storyline, or real life issues such as a champion suffering an injury being unable to defend the championship, or leaving the company.

## Title history

Key
| No. | Overall reign number |
| --- | --- |
| Reign | Reign number for the specific champion |
| Days | Number of days held |
| N/A | Unknown information |
|  | Championship change is unrecognized by the promotion |
| + | Current reign is changing daily |

| No. | Champion | Championship change | | | Reign statistics | | Notes | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Date | Event | Location | Reign | Days | | |
| 1 | Mano Negra | 1987 | Live event |  | 1 |  |  |  |
|  | *Championship history is unrecorded from 1987 to July 1990.* | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | El Hijo del Black Shadow | July 1990 | Live event | N/A | 1 |  |  |  |
| 3 | Askari El Gringo | December 29, 1990 | Live event | Tuxtla Gutierrez, Mexico | 1 |  |  |  |
| 4 | El Hijo del Black Shadow | November 1991 | Live event | N/A | 2 |  |  |  |
| 5 | Espanto Jr. | August 7, 1992 | Live event | Querétaro, Mexico | 1 |  |  |  |
|  | *Championship history is unrecorded from August 7, 1992 to 1993.* | | | | | | | | | | |
| 6 | Rey Misterio Jr. |  | Live event | N/A | 1 |  |  |  |
| 7 | Juventud Guerrera | October 1993 | Live event | Monterrey, Mexico | 1 |  |  |  |
| 8 | Rey Misterio Jr. | November 30, 1994 | Live event | Matamoros, Mexico | 2 | 92 |  |  |
| 9 | Juventud Guerrera | March 2, 1995 | Live event | Xalapa, Mexico | 2 | 106 | Guerrera won the title during a tag team match. |  |
| 10 | Rey Misterio Jr. | June 16, 1995 | Live event | Queretearo, Mexico | 3 |  |  |  |
|  | Deactivated | 1995 |  |  |  |  | Championship vacated and later inactivated |  |

## Footnotes

* Hornbaker, Tim (2016). "Statistical notes". *Legends of Pro Wrestling - 150 years of headlocks, body slams, and piledrivers* (Revised ed.). New York, New York: Sports Publishing. ISBN 978-1-61321-808-2.
* Duncan, Royal; Will, Gary (2000). *Wrestling title histories: professional wrestling champions around the world from the 19th century to the present*. Waterloo, ON: Archeus Communications. ISBN 0-9698161-5-4.

1. Arturo Montiel Rojas (2001-08-30). "Reglamento de Box y Lucha Libre Professional del Estado de Mexico" (PDF). Comisión de Box y Lucha Libre Mexico D.F. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 30, 2006. Retrieved 2009-04-03. Articulo 242: "Pluma 63 kilos / Ligero 70 kilos"
2. Hornbaker 2016, p. 550.
3. Duncan & Will 2000, p. 271.
4. Duncan & Will 2000, p. 20.
5. Duncan & Will 2000, p. 201.
6. Duncan & Will 2000, p. 400.

## InfoBox

| WWA World Lightweight Championship<br>(*Campeonato Mundial de peso Ligero WWA*) | |
| --- | --- |
| Details | |
| Promotion | Universal Wrestling Association (UWA) |
| Date established | 1987 |
| Date retired | 1995 |
| Statistics  First champion(s) Mano Negra  Most reigns Rey Misterio, Jr. (3 reigns) | |


title: WWBC

abstract: WWBC is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Cocoa, Florida, United States, and serving the Space Coast. It airs a Christian talk and teaching radio format and is owned by Astro Enterprises, Inc. By day, WWBC is powered at 50,000 watts. WWBC is a daytimer, required to go off the air at night to avoid interference to other stations; during critical hours, the station is powered at 25,000 watts. It uses a directional antenna at all times. Programming is heard around the clock on three FM translator stations at 94.7, 99.9 and 100.7 MHz.

text:
# WWBC

**WWBC** (1510 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Cocoa, Florida, United States, and serving the Space Coast. It airs a Christian talk and teaching radio format and is owned by Astro Enterprises, Inc.

By day, WWBC is powered at 50,000 watts. WWBC is a daytimer, required to go off the air at night to avoid interference to other stations; during critical hours, the station is powered at 25,000 watts. It uses a directional antenna at all times. Programming is heard around the clock on three FM translator stations at 94.7, 99.9 and 100.7 MHz.

## History

The Blue Crystal Broadcasting Corporation, owned by William Earman, received a construction permit on January 27, 1964, to build a new daytime-only radio station on 1510 kHz in Cocoa. The station signed on July 11, with the transmitter mounted in the water in the Indian River at the Island Point Marina, and studios on Forrest Avenue. The station broadcast a pop music format.

Two years after building the station, Earman sold WWBC in order to become general manager of the Cocoa Chamber of Commerce. The new owners, Astro Enterprises, mostly consisted of employees of another station in town. Under Astro, WWBC began broadcasting a country music format. Ownership in Astro Enterprises completely turned over in 1975, when the company was sold to a group headed by Raymond A. Kassis of Baltimore. The station had already carried some religious programs, but under Kassis, a born-again Christian, WWBC shifted to a primarily religious format, airing local and national fare, along with some country music.

Kassis announced in 1977 his intention to apply for television channel 52 for a station focused on family programming. His bid opened the door for other applicants to file; one, Good Life Broadcasting, proposing a similar service, prompted Kassis to claim that the competitor had "blundered" by "taking a brother to court". The two parties would settle in late 1980, with The Good Life winning a construction permit for WTGL. Kassis would later start the National Christian Network from facilities shared with WWBC in Cocoa, which were also rented for use as an uplink facility by Sheridan Broadcasting Networks.

Four years after the Kassis purchase, the station was approved to increase daytime power to 1,000 watts. On December 2, 1984, Kassis started WMIE-FM 91.5, a noncommercial station also with a Christian format and oriented to the Black community.

WWBC was required to relocate its transmitter from the Island Point site when it was sold to condominium developers in the early 2000s. The new transmitter location was the former location of defunct WKKO (860 AM).

Kassis died in 2016. The intellectual unit of WMEL, which had moved among several stations in the Melbourne–Cocoa area, began broadcasting for a time on WWBC and its translators on November 1, 2016, as John Harper leased out the station.

## Translators

Broadcast translators for WWBC
| Call sign | Frequency | City of license | FID | ERP () | HAAT | Class | FCC info |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| W234BI | 94.7 FM | Cocoa, Florida | 156428 | 125 | 76  (249 ft) | D | LMS |
| W260CL | 99.9 FM | Cocoa, Florida | 146519 | 250 | 56 m (184 ft) | D | LMS |
| W264AS | 100.7 FM | Melbourne, Florida | 144128 | 250 | 141 m (463 ft) | D | LMS |

## InfoBox

WWBC
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Space Coast |
| Frequency | 1510 kHz |
| Branding | The Christian Voice of Brevard |
| Programming | |
| Format | Religious |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Astro Enterprises, Inc. |
| Operator | Kim Kassis |
| Sister stations | WMIE-FM |
| History | |
| First air date | July 11, 1964 (1964-07-11) |
| Call sign meaning | "Wonderful World of Brevard County" |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 3071 |
| Class | D |
| Power |  |
| Transmitter coordinates | 28°21′12.00″N 80°46′45.00″W / 28.3533333°N 80.7791667°W / 28.3533333; -80.7791667 |
| Translator(s) | See § Translators |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | 1510wwbc.com |


title: Mendoza RM2

abstract: The Mendoza RM2 was a light machine gun similar to the M1918 BAR manufactured in Mexico by Productos Mendoza, S.A. Rafael Mendoza have been producing machine guns for the Mexican Army since 1933 and all have been noted for their lightness, simplicity, ease of maintenance, and economic construction without sacrificing reliability.

text:
# Mendoza RM2

The **Mendoza RM2** was a light machine gun similar to the M1918 BAR manufactured in Mexico by Productos Mendoza, S.A. Rafael Mendoza have been producing machine guns for the Mexican Army since 1933 and all have been noted for their lightness, simplicity, ease of maintenance, and economic construction without sacrificing reliability.

## History

In 1910, fighting broke out between the Diaz and the Anti-Reelectionists supporting the SLP. Rafael Mendoza immediately became involved in the Anti-Reelectionist cause and fought in three battles as an infantryman under the leadership of Pancho Villa. After the third battle, young Rafael was invited to join the “Dorados de Villa” or Pancho Villa’s bodyguard. This elite unit was composed of men known for their honesty, devotion to the revolution and knowledge of firearms. Dorados de Villa were heavily armed and their crossed leather bandoliers became a trademark. During this time, Rafael Mendoza made his first effort at designing a firearm. It was a hand-operated, air-cooled, belt-fed “machine gun” with two barrels in caliber 7×57mm Mauser. Mendoza built one example, which he demonstrated on October 15, 1911. Production was not undertaken; however, the sole example survived in storage but was later sold to an unrecorded buyer and lost.

Meanwhile, Rafael Mendoza fought on with Pancho Villa after 1911 in the cause of the SLP. Knowing Mendoza’s background, Villa asked Mendoza to design and manufacture a small, portable cannon to fire 35 mm and 37 mm ammunition captured from Federal forces. Mendoza responded with a bolt-action, single-shot design with a short barrel and simple metal sled that could be moved easily by two men or carried on horseback. By August 6, 1915, the first cannons were ready and proved very successful. Eventually, some 75 were made and used by the revolutionaries. Rafael Mendoza did not know it at the time, but his reputation in firearm design had been launched.

All of Mendoza’s design efforts in small arms up to that point had been intended for the Mexican Army. He continued that line of development between 1911 and 1918 with a 7×57mm Mauser caliber, bolt-action, center-fire military rifle of unusual design called the “Fusil Mexico.” In appearance, the rifle seemed to be a bolt-action without a bolt handle, leaving no obvious method of operating it. But in fact, the bolt itself was connected to the fore-end and the action and barrel to the buttstock. The parts of the two-piece, wood stock met just under the receiver. To operate the action, the user rotated the pistol grip outward and backward to unlock the bolt, extract and eject the case. When the pistol grip was pushed forward and rotated downward, the bolt stripped another cartridge from the magazine, chambered it and locked the action to the bolt. The design and operation was ingenious, ergonomic and very straightforward. Mendoza’s rifle was not adopted for military service, but it remains a milestone in bolt-action rifle development.

Following the revolution, the 40-year-old Rafael went to Mexico City in 1922 where he obtained a job at the National Arsenal as a machinist. Times were tough, wages low and facilities limited. In 1926, Mendoza perfected a cup-launched rifle grenade that was adopted for military use. In 1928, Mendoza was ordered to develop an improved machine gun for the Mexican Army. Mendoza completed his first prototype in 1929. After more prototypes and military trials in 1931 at Rancho del Charro, D.F., Mendoza’s design was officially adopted in 1934 after being demonstrated to President Cardenas personally. The National Arsenal was then given an order for 10,000 Model 1934 machine guns in caliber 7×57mm Mauser. A U.S. patent for several features of the new gun was obtained in Mendoza’s name by the Mexican Government. The Model 1934 served the Mexican Army well until it was replaced in the late 1950s.

The "Fusil Ametrallador Systema Mendoza" Model 1934 is an air-cooled, magazine-fed, gas-operated light machine gun weighing approximately 18.5 lb. The design features a quick-detachable barrel with 39 radial cooling fins, a flash hider and a bipod. The top-mounted, 20-or 30-round box magazine is offset to the right, allowing the sights to be centered. The rotating bolt has eight locking lugs in three rows that lock directly to the steel receiver. The gas system is fed from an adjustable gas port 11 inches from the rear of the barrel. Gas flows through a tube in the gas port where it impinges on the recessed face of the piston, which forms part of the operating rod assembly. Cyclic firing rate is 380 to 550 rounds per minute (RPM) depending on the gas system setting. Designers consider that while the Mendoza borrows much from both the Lewis and the Hotchkiss machine guns, the Model 1934 is a first-class design in its own right. In many ways, the Mendoza Model 1934 is what the American BAR should have been.

Mendoza’s firearm designing career was now an accomplished fact; and, in 1938, he left the employ of the National Arsenal to found his own company–Productos Mendoza s.a. de c.v. in Mexico City. The new company survived by manufacturing metal stampings, metal buttons and 30-round magazines for the Model 1934 machine guns. When the United States entered World War II in 1941, the U.S. military found itself short of every type of military arm–especially machine guns and BARs. Rafael Mendoza once again offered his services in the aid of democracy–this time to the U.S. Government. In 1943 Rafael Mendoza and his son Hector traveled to the U.S. to sign an agreement with Maury Maverick, Chief of the U.S. Bureau of Government Requirements for 5,000 Mendoza light machine guns in .30-’06 Sprg. caliber and 3,000 Mendoza machine guns in .50 BMG caliber. While Hector studied drafting at the University of Detroit, Rafael traveled the U.S. making arrangements to manufacture the guns ordered. During those years, Rafael became friends with John Garand and Capt. Melvin Johnson--both noted firearm designers in their own right. When World War II ended in September 1945, the U.S. Government canceled most arms contracts, including those for Mendoza, before any guns could be delivered.

Undeterred, Rafael used the design work done to convert his Model 1934 from 7×57 mm Mauser to .30'-06 Sprg., thus introducing a new model of light machine gun dubbed the RM2 in 1947. This new model emphasized ease of production and eliminated the quick-change barrel, cooling fins and flash hider. It also used a top center magazine that required offset sights and a muzzle brake to control recoil. Introduction of the new model coincided with the Mexican Army’s adoption of the .30-’06 Sprg. cartridge and new military arms to fire it. Productos Mendoza made approximately 50 prototype Model RM2 machine guns which were subsequently tested by the Mexican Marine Corps, but not adopted. As the Mexican constitution expressly forbids the export of "instruments of war," Mendoza was handicapped by having his designs restricted to one potential customer: Mexico. During the late 1940s, Mendoza also began development of a submachine gun in 9 mm Luger, .38 Super Auto and .45 ACP caliber. A number of prototypes were built and the design patented, but it was not officially adopted by the Mexican Government.

In the 1950s Rafael began work on a modern assault rifle in .30-’06 Sprg. caliber called the “Fusil de Asaulto.” His design was reminiscent of the German FG 42 paratroop rifle in that it fired a full-power cartridge and was intended to replace the infantry rifle and submachine gun. However, Mendoza’s assault rifle design was not successful as the Mexican Army later adopted the German G3 series of rifles in 7.62×51mm NATO and produced them at the National Arsenal. The assault rifle was the last firearm design Rafael Mendoza worked on before he was diagnosed with leukemia. Following a long struggle with this disease, Rafael Mendoza died at age 85 on December 25, 1966. Rafael’s son, Hector Mendoza, began actively working in the company in the 1950s. Following his father’s poor health, Hector took over leadership of the company in 1962. Feeling that military arms were too narrow a base for the company, Hector focused on the commercial market for .22 rimfire rifles. Hector designed several models of bolt-action .22 rimfire rifles that proved excellent sellers. However, in 1970 the Mexican Government passed new laws severely restricting the private ownership of sporting firearms. Almost immediately Mendoza’s domestic market for rimfire rifles ended, and most of the 500 Mexican gun stores closed their doors. Fortunately, Hector had foreseen that possibility and extended Productos Mendoza’s product lines into office products (compasses, staplers and hole punches) and sporting goods ( knives, bicycles and air rifles). That enabled the company to survive, and today Productos Mendoza continues to offer office products, bicycle parts and air rifles. In fact, the company manufactures 350 air rifles per day for the U.S. market where they are sold by Crosman.

In 1999, the Mexican Government granted Productos Mendoza a license to manufacture a modern, 9 mm Parabellum submachine gun designed by Hector Mendoza for the Mexican police (semi-auto) and Mexican Army (selective fire). With this new military and law enforcement weapon, Hector Mendoza continues the family tradition of military firearm design with over 85 patents to his credit. Called the HM-3, the new submachine gun is blowback-operated, of all-steel construction and feeds from a 32-round detachable magazine inside the pistol grip. Multiple safeties, solid construction and quality manufacture have earned Productos Mendoza substantial orders from the Mexican Government for the HM-3. Thus far, over 6,000 have been made and series production continues. The Mexican Government has also granted Productos Mendoza a license to once again manufacture .22 rimfire rifles. However, production of such firearms has not been restarted pending completion of product development and marketing studies. At this time, Productos Mendoza remains the only privately owned company in Mexico chartered to manufacture firearms. And today the Mendoza company is rumored to be building a new assault rifle for the Mexican Navy. There is no confirmation on this rumor because it is considered classified information.

## Overview

The Mendoza used a gas-operated Lewis-type action with improvements, an overhead box magazine and a quick-change barrel. Its gas cylinder delivers a short impulse to the piston, and the bolt is similar to that of the Lewis, employing a rotating locking system driven by two cams engaged with the piston rod. The RM2 is the most recent model and adds a simplified method of stripping, by simply removing a lock pin, the stock and rear of the receiver can be folded down to allow the bolt and piston to be withdrawn backwards.

The M1933 Mendoza was a reliable weapon and a modern design at that time. Features of the gun included a quick change barrel system. The barrel retention mechanism was designed by Rafael Mendoza and had a U.S. patent. The rate of fire was 400 rounds per minute. The caliber was 7×57mm Mauser, the standard cartridge of the Mexican army since 1895. It was fed from a 20-round magazine similar to that found on the Madsen LMG except that the Mendoza's magazine was inserted into the top right of the receiver rather than the left. One of the innovations of the Mendoza was its symmetrical striker, meaning it was reversible. In the event that the striker was damaged, it could be removed, reversed, and re-installed with the undamaged end now acting as the gun's striker.

In Mexico the Mendoza was issued either to 4-man infantry teams, or 2-horse cavalry units. In its infantry role, the gun was supplied with 1,000 rounds in 50 magazines, while the standard cavalry load-out was 860 rounds in 43 magazines. Both units were also issued with a spare parts kit and magazine carriers.

## Variants

### M1933

### M1945

The M1945 was virtually the same weapon with additional small changes (different pattern bipod instead of the M1933′s individually swiveling side-mounted bipod legs, front sight relocated on the barrel to a point above the gas cylinder, smooth pistol grip, perforated muzzle brake, etc.) and a change in caliber to .30-06 utilizing a slightly-curved magazine.

### M1955

The RM2 of 1955 was a greatly simplified version with reduced production costs that differed significantly from its predecessors. It had a fixed smooth barrel with a slash-cut slotted muzzle brake, simplified gas cylinder, different front and rear sights, less-raked handguard / foregrip, separate handguard and buttstock assemblies, side-mounted sling swivel on the left side just above and behind the pistol grip, and a straight sided magazine. It was more of a heavy-barreled automatic rifle than a LMG, and was not as effective as the M1933 or M1945. It was not adopted for general service.

### RM2

Final model. The RM2 was made shortly after World War 2 and chambered for the .30-06 US (7.62×63mm) ammunition, which was adopted as the new standard by the Mexican army during the late 1940s. This weapon was light and dispensed with a quick-detachable barrel. It never saw any significant use outside Mexico.

## InfoBox

| Mendoza Light Machine Gun | |
| --- | --- |
| Mendoza RM2 (top) in the Museo de Armas de la Nacion. | |
| Type | Light machine gun |
| Place of origin | Mexico |
| Service history | |
| Used by | Mexico
United States |
| Wars | World War II |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Rafael Mendoza |
| Designed | 1928-1933 |
| Variants | See variants |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 6.3 kg (13.9 lbs) |
| Length | 1,092 mm |
| Barrel length | 610 mm (24 in) |
| --- | |
| Cartridge | 7×57mm Mauser
.30-06 Springfield (7.62×63mm) |
| Action | Gas-operated, open bolt |
| Rate of fire | 450-650 round/min |
| Muzzle velocity | 805 m/s (2,640 ft/s) |
| Effective firing range | 548 m (599 yd) |
| Feed system | 20- or 32-round detachable box magazine |


title: WTPS

abstract:
WTPS may refer to:
  - WTPS Police, A Stand Alone First Nation Police Service situated on the Wiikwemikong Territory of Central Ontario on Manitoulin Island.
  - WTPS (AM), a radio station licensed to Petersburg, Virginia, United States
  - WTPS-FM and WTPS (AM), a pair of radio stations operated by The Times-Picayune newspaper from 1947 to 1958 in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
  - WTPS-LP, a low-power radio station licensed to Napoleon, Ohio, United States
  - WQOS (AM), a radio station licensed to Coral Gables, Florida, United States, which held the call sign WTPS from January 2006 to October 2007
  - What the Papers Say, long-running British television show (1956–2008)

text:
# WTPS

**WTPS** may refer to:

* WTPS Police, A Stand Alone First Nation Police Service situated on the Wiikwemikong Territory of Central Ontario on Manitoulin Island.
* WTPS (AM), a radio station (1240 AM) licensed to Petersburg, Virginia, United States
* WTPS-FM and WTPS (AM), a pair of radio stations operated by The Times-Picayune newspaper from 1947 to 1958 in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
* WTPS-LP, a low-power radio station (94.1 FM) licensed to Napoleon, Ohio, United States
* WQOS (AM), a radio station (1080 AM) licensed to Coral Gables, Florida, United States, which held the call sign WTPS from January 2006 to October 2007
* *What the Papers Say*, long-running British television show (1956–2008)


title: Walter Haddock

abstract: Walter Bede Dally Haddock (1890–1972) was a pioneer Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1910s and 1920s.

text:
# Walter Haddock

**Walter Bede Dally Haddock** (1890–1972) was a pioneer Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1910s and 1920s.

## Playing career

Walter 'Fisho' Haddock played 13 seasons of first grade rugby league in Sydney. He started his career at the Annandale club, playing four seasons between 1910 and 1913. He then shifted to the Newtown club for two seasons (1914–1915) before returning to Annandale for four more years between 1916 and 1920, and he became Annandale's longest serving first grade player. When the Annandale club folded in 1920, Haddock played out his career at Glebe for three years before retiring in 1923.

Haddock played for New South Wales on four occasions in 1912 and 1913. He also represented Sydney(Metropolis) on three occasions in 1913,1914 and 1919.

Haddock died on 9 September 1972, aged 81 late of Punchbowl, New South Wales.

## InfoBox

Walter Haddock
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Walter Bede Dally Haddock |
| Born | 1890
Wellington, New South Wales, Australia |
| Died | 9 September 1972 (aged 8182)
Punchbowl, New South Wales |
| Playing information | |
| Position | Hooker, Second-row |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1910–12 Annandale 36 1 1 0 5  1913–14 Newtown 21 2 0 0 6  1916–20 Annandale 39 6 1 0 19  1921–23 Glebe 27 2 0 0 6  Total 123 11 2 0 36  Representative  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1912–13 New South Wales 4 1 0 0 3 | |
| Source: | |


title: Walter Fritsch

abstract: Walter Fritsch was a Chilean hurdler. He competed in the men's 400 metres hurdles at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Walter Fritsch

**Walter Fritsch** (11 December 1911  18 July 2005) was a Chilean hurdler. He competed in the men's 400 metres hurdles at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

Walter Fritsch
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Chilean |
| Born | (1911-12-11)11 December 1911 |
| Died | 18 July 2005(2005-07-18) (aged 93) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Track and field |
| Event | 400 metres hurdles |


title: Walter Mead (cricketer)

abstract: Walter Mead was the principal bowler for Essex during their first two decades as a first-class county. As a member of the Lord’s ground staff, he was also after J.T. Hearne the most important bowler for MCC and Ground, who in those days played quite a number of first-class matches. A right arm bowler of slow to medium pace with a curious run in which he would change step from short to long, Walter Mead always maintained an excellent length and could spin back to deadly effect whenever wickets were affected by rain. He could vary his stock off break with a ball that turned the other way; however, his variation was easy to detect and he lacked the deceptive flight that enabled such bowlers as Blythe, Dennett or J.C. White to do well on firm pitches. He rarely did much as a batsman, but when sent in as night-watchman against Leicestershire in 1902 he surprised the crowd so much by making 119 that there was a special collection for him as a reward. Even before Essex had been elevated to first-class status, Walter Mead already had a reputation as a bowler of class. Against the touring Australian in 1893 he took seventeen wickets, but the following season when Essex became first-class he was disappointing on pitches that should have helped him, taking only 41 wickets in eight inter-county matches for 21 each. In 1895, however, after a slow start, he became deadly when wickets became sticky during the middle of July. For the whole summer Mead obtained a record of 179 wickets for less than fifteen runs apiece, and his 17 for 119 against Hampshire is the second best bowling for a losing side in first-class cricket, behind William Mycroft in 1876. Only Tich Freeman has since taken seventeen wickets twice in matches of comparable importance. 1896 and 1897, with most pitches unfavourable to him due to dry weather, were disappointing, but Mead gradually rebounded in the following years. An excellent performance against the Australians in 1899 saw Mead chosen for his only Test match at Lord's, but he was harmless on the hard pitch. He remained close to the top of the first-class averages for every season from 1899 to 1903 — though in 1901 he was helped by some very bad Lord's wickets when playing for the MCC — and in the last year of this period was chosen as a Cricketer of the Year by Wisden after heading the first-class bowling averages with best match figures of twelve for 76 against Surrey at the Oval and fifteen for 115 against Leicestershire at Leyton. However, over the 1903/1904 winter Walter Mead's career with Essex terminated temporarily as a result of a dispute over winter pay. In order to compensate for the death of his wife and infant daughter, Mead asked for his pay of 15 shillings to be increased to £2. Essex missed him badly in 1904 and 1905. During the spring of 1906 it was briefly thought he would move to Adelaide in a coaching role, but he refused the ultimate offer of the Australian Cricket Association. After this failure, Mead finally settled his difficulties with the Essex committee in the early weeks of the 1906 season, and resumed his place in mid-May when the season was two weeks old. Considering the remarkable dryness of the 1906 summer in the Home Counties, Mead bowled very well, and in 1907 he was almost as difficult as ever on the soft pitches. However, 1908 saw Mead lose much of his old spin and decline so badly, taking only 48 County Championship wickets, that it was clear his best days were over. Despite a minor revival in 1910 and 1911, when Mead failed to make the most of continuous soft wickets in 1912 it was clear his career was over, so that he dropped out of the eleven before 1913 ended despite Essex having no spin bowler to replace him. Mead left the Lord's ground staff in 1918, and from 1920 to 1927 worked as a ground supervisor for the sports department of Greene King. His son, Harold, also played some first-class cricket for Essex, although he died in 1921 after never fully recovering from wounds he sustained during World War I. Mead died at the age of eighty-five in 1954.

text:
# Walter Mead (cricketer)

**Walter Mead** (1 April 1868 – 18 March 1954) was the principal bowler for Essex during their first two decades as a first-class county. As a member of the Lord’s ground staff, he was also after J.T. Hearne the most important bowler for MCC and Ground, who in those days played quite a number of first-class matches.

A right arm bowler of slow to medium pace with a curious run in which he would change step from short to long, Walter Mead always maintained an excellent length and could spin back to deadly effect whenever wickets were affected by rain. He could vary his stock off break with a ball that turned the other way; however, his variation was easy to detect and he lacked the deceptive flight that enabled such bowlers as Blythe, Dennett or J.C. White to do well on firm pitches. He rarely did much as a batsman, but when sent in as night-watchman against Leicestershire in 1902 he surprised the crowd so much by making 119 that there was a special collection for him as a reward.

Even before Essex had been elevated to first-class status, Walter Mead already had a reputation as a bowler of class. Against the touring Australian in 1893 he took seventeen wickets, but the following season when Essex became first-class he was disappointing on pitches that should have helped him, taking only 41 wickets in eight inter-county matches for 21 each. In 1895, however, after a slow start, he became deadly when wickets became sticky during the middle of July. For the whole summer Mead obtained a record of 179 wickets for less than fifteen runs apiece, and his 17 for 119 against Hampshire is the second best bowling for a losing side in first-class cricket, behind William Mycroft in 1876 (also against Hampshire). Only Tich Freeman has since taken seventeen wickets twice in matches of comparable importance.

1896 and 1897, with most pitches unfavourable to him due to dry weather, were disappointing, but Mead gradually rebounded in the following years. An excellent performance against the Australians in 1899 saw Mead chosen for his only Test match at Lord's, but he was harmless on the hard pitch. He remained close to the top of the first-class averages for every season from 1899 to 1903 — though in 1901 he was helped by some very bad Lord's wickets when playing for the MCC — and in the last year of this period was chosen as a *Cricketer of the Year* by *Wisden* after heading the first-class bowling averages with best match figures of twelve for 76 against Surrey at the Oval and fifteen for 115 against Leicestershire at Leyton.

However, over the 1903/1904 winter Walter Mead's career with Essex terminated temporarily as a result of a dispute over winter pay. In order to compensate for the death of his wife and infant daughter, Mead asked for his pay of 15 shillings to be increased to 2. Essex missed him badly in 1904 and 1905. During the spring of 1906 it was briefly thought he would move to Adelaide in a coaching role, but he refused the ultimate offer of the Australian Cricket Association.

After this failure, Mead finally settled his difficulties with the Essex committee in the early weeks of the 1906 season, and resumed his place in mid-May when the season was two weeks old. Considering the remarkable dryness of the 1906 summer in the Home Counties, Mead bowled very well, and in 1907 he was almost as difficult as ever on the soft pitches. However, 1908 saw Mead lose much of his old spin and decline so badly, taking only 48 County Championship wickets, that it was clear his best days were over. Despite a minor revival in 1910 and 1911, when Mead failed to make the most of continuous soft wickets in 1912 it was clear his career was over, so that he dropped out of the eleven before 1913 ended despite Essex having no spin bowler to replace him.

Mead left the Lord's ground staff in 1918, and from 1920 to 1927 worked as a ground supervisor for the sports department of Greene King. His son, Harold, also played some first-class cricket for Essex, although he died in 1921 after never fully recovering from wounds he sustained during World War I. Mead died at the age of eighty-five in 1954.

## InfoBox

Walter Mead
| Mead in about 1905 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | 1 April 1868
Clapton, London, England |
| Died | 18 March 1954 (aged 85)
Shelley, Essex, England |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm offbreak, Legbreak |
| International information | |
| National side |  |
| Only Test | 15 June 1899 v Australia |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition Test First-class  Matches 1 429  Runs scored 7 4,991  Batting average 3.50 10.61  100s/50s 0/0 1/5  Top score 7 119  Balls bowled 265 89,777  Wickets 1 1,916  Bowling average 91.00 18.99  5 wickets in innings 0 152  10 wickets in match 0 39  Best bowling 1/91 9/40  Catches/stumpings 1/– 194/– | |
|  | |
| Source: CricInfo, 20 August 2021 | |


title: Walterio Field

abstract:
Walterio Airport is a rural airport 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of the coastal city of Monte Cristi, Dominican Republic. It serves private aviation and air sports.
Now with the Osvaldo Virgil Airport replacing most of its operations, this airport has been reverted as only a runway. The Monte Cristi non-directional beacon is located 6.5 nautical miles (12.0 km) north of the airport. The Cap Haitien VOR/DME
(Ident: HCN) is located 32.4 nautical miles (60.0 km) west of Walterio Airport.

text:
# Walterio Field

**Walterio Airport** (ICAO: **MDSP**) is a rural airport 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of the coastal city of Monte Cristi, Dominican Republic. It serves private aviation and air sports. Now with the Osvaldo Virgil Airport replacing most of its operations, this airport has been reverted as only a runway.

The Monte Cristi non-directional beacon (Ident: **MTC**) is located 6.5 nautical miles (12.0 km) north of the airport. The Cap Haitien VOR/DME (Ident: **HCN**) is located 32.4 nautical miles (60.0 km) west of Walterio Airport.

## InfoBox

| Walterio Airport | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public |
| Serves | Monte Cristi, Dominican Republic |
| Elevation AMSL | 33 ft / 10 m |
| Coordinates | 19°45′25″N 71°37′30″W / 19.75694°N 71.62500°W / 19.75694; -71.62500 |
| Map | |
| **MDWO**Location of the airport in the<br>Dominican Republic | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  m ft  05/23 890 2,920 Gravel | |
| Source: GCM Google Maps | |


title: Mephritus serius

abstract: Mephritus serius is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Newman in 1841.

text:
# Mephritus serius

***Mephritus serius*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Newman in 1841.

## InfoBox

| *Mephritus serius* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Mephritus*** |
| Species: | ***M. serius*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mephritus serius***<br>(Newman, 1841) | |
|


title: Melody Radio (Bulgaria)

abstract: Radio Melody is a Bulgarian radio station, launched in 2007. It is part of Oberon Radio Max It airs only in Sofia and online. Its core audience is mainly older listeners and the station mainly plays music from the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s along with the best pop, classic Bulgarian and evergreen music.

text:
# Melody Radio (Bulgaria)

**Radio Melody** is a Bulgarian radio station, launched in 2007. It is part of **Oberon Radio Max** It airs only in Sofia and online. Its core audience is mainly older listeners and the station mainly plays music from the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s along with the best pop, classic Bulgarian and evergreen music.

## InfoBox

Melody Radio
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Bulgaria \- Regional FM |
| Frequency | *Varna \- 105.70 MHz |
| Programming | |
| Format | music |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Oberon Radio Max |
| History | |
| First air date | 15 August 2007 |
| Links | |
| Website | http://www.melodybg.com |


title: WWE Hall of Fame (2004)

abstract: WWE Hall of Fame (2004) was the event which featured the introduction of the 5th class to the WWE Hall of Fame. The event was produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) on March 13, 2004, from the Hilton Midtown in New York City, New York. The event was hosted by Gene Okerlund. In 2004, WWE relaunched the Hall of Fame to coincide with WrestleMania XX. This ceremony, like its predecessors, was not broadcast on television, however, it was released on DVD in June 2004. In March 2015 the ceremony was added to the WWE Network.

text:
# WWE Hall of Fame (2004)

**WWE Hall of Fame (2004)** was the event which featured the introduction of the 5th class to the WWE Hall of Fame. The event was produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) on March 13, 2004, from the Hilton Midtown in New York City, New York. The event was hosted by Gene Okerlund.

In 2004, WWE relaunched the Hall of Fame to coincide with WrestleMania XX. This ceremony, like its predecessors, was not broadcast on television, however, it was released on DVD in June 2004. In March 2015 the ceremony was added to the WWE Network.

## Inductees

### Individual

| Image | Ring name
(Birth Name) | Inducted by | WWE recognized accolades |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Big John Studd
(John Minton) | Big Show | Posthumous inductee: Represented by his son John Minton Jr.
One-time WWWF World Tag Team Champion
1989 Royal Rumble winner |
|  | Don Muraco | Mick Foley | Two-time WWF Intercontinental Heavyweight Champion
First winner of the King of the Ring tournament |
|  | Greg Valentine
(Jonathan Wisniski) | Jimmy Hart | Two-time NWA United States Heavyweight Champion
Four-time NWA World Tag Team Champion
One-time WWF Intercontinental Heavyweight Champion
One-time WWF Tag Team Champion |
|  | Harley Race | Ric Flair | Eight-time NWA World Heavyweight Champion
One-time and first NWA United States Heavyweight Champion
Three-time AWA World Tag Team Champion
1986 WWF King of the Ring winner |
|  | Jesse Ventura | Tyrel Ventura | One-time AWA World Tag Team Champion
Former commentator in WWF and WCW
38th Governor of Minnesota |
|  | Junkyard Dog
(Sylvester Ritter) | Ernie Ladd | Posthumous inductee: Represented by his daughter LaToya Ritter.
Held 15 championships while wrestling in the Mid-South Wrestling Association including four reigns as Mid-South North American Heavyweight Champion |
|  | Sgt. Slaughter
(Robert Remus) | Pat Patterson | One-time WWF World Heavyweight Champion
Two-time NWA United States Heavyweight Champion |
|  | "Superstar" Billy Graham
(Eldridge Wayne Coleman) | Triple H | One-time WWWF Heavyweight Champion |
|  | Tito Santana
(Merced Solis) | Shawn Michaels | Two-time WWF Intercontinental Heavyweight Champion
1989 King of the Ring
Two-time WWF Tag Team Champion |
|  | Bobby Heenan
(Raymond Heenan) | Blackjack Lanza | Former commentator and long-time manager in AWA, WWF and WCW |
|

### Celebrity

| Image | Recipient
(Birth name) | Occupation | Inducted by | Appearances |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Pete Rose | Baseball player | Kane | Appeared at WrestleManias XIV, XV, and 2000 |
|

## InfoBox

| WWE Hall of Fame (2004) | |
| --- | --- |
| DVD cover featuring wrestlers inducted into the Hall of Fame class of 2004 | |
| Promotion | WWE |
| Date | March 13, 2004 |
| City | New York City, New York |
| Venue | Hilton Midtown |
| WWE Hall of Fame chronology | |
| **Previous**
1996 **Next**
2005 | |


abstract: Meramec Township is an inactive township in Jefferson County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. Meramec Township was established in 1821, taking its name from the Meramec River.

text:
# Meramec Township, Jefferson County, Missouri

**Meramec Township** is an inactive township in Jefferson County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

Meramec Township was established in 1821, taking its name from the Meramec River.

38°23′35″N 90°38′35″W / 38.393°N 90.643°W / 38.393; -90.643

## InfoBox

| Meramec Township | |
| --- | --- |
| Inactive Township | |
|  | |
| Coordinates: 38°25′34″N 90°34′05″W / 38.426°N 90.568°W / 38.426; -90.568 | |
| Country | United States of America |
| State | Missouri |
| County | Jefferson |
| Area | |
| Total | 96.8 sq mi (251 km2) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 18,869 |
| Density | 190/sq mi (75/km2) |
| GNIS feature ID | 766825 |


title: Wanda Jackson (album)

abstract: Wanda Jackson is the debut studio album by country music and rockabilly singer Wanda Jackson. It was released in July 1958 by Capitol Records. In the annual poll of country music disc jockeys by Billboard magazine, it was ranked as the No. 15 album of 1958. AllMusic gave the album a rating of four-and-a-half stars. Reviewer William Ruhlman wrote that Jackson showed versatility on the album, performing songs in traditional country and pop styles, in addition to the rockabilly style that brought her fame.

text:
# Wanda Jackson (album)

***Wanda Jackson*** is the debut studio album by country music and rockabilly singer Wanda Jackson. It was released in July 1958 by Capitol Records (catalog no. T-1041).

In the annual poll of country music disc jockeys by *Billboard* magazine, it was ranked as the No. 15 album of 1958.

AllMusic gave the album a rating of four-and-a-half stars. Reviewer William Ruhlman wrote that Jackson showed versatility on the album, performing songs in traditional country and pop styles, in addition to the rockabilly style that brought her fame.

## Track listing

**Side A**

1. "Day Dreaming" (Bill Cantrell, Quinton Claunch, Bud Deckelman) \[3:08\]
2. "I Wanna Waltz" (Thelma Blackmon) \[2:04\]
3. "Heartbreak Ahead" (Dorothy Summers Brown) \[2:48\]
4. "Making Believe" (Jimmy Work) \[2:19\]
5. "Here We Are Again" (Don Everly, Phil Everly) \[2:51\]
6. "Long Tall Sally" (Robert "Bumps" Blackwell, Enotris Johnson, Richard Penniman) \[1:59\]

**Side B**

1. "Just Call Me Lonesome" (Rex Griffin) \[3:09\]
2. "Let Me Go Lover" (Jenny Lou Carson, Al Hill) \[2:14\]
3. "Money, Honey" (Jesse Stone) \[2:14\]
4. "I Can't Make My Dreams Understood" (Buck Bryant, Jim West) \[2:23\]
5. "Happy, Happy Birthday" (Gilbert Lopez, Margo Sylvia) \[2:38\]
6. "Let's Have a Party" (Jessie Mae Robinson) \[2:11\]

**Bonus tracks**

1. "Half as Good a Girl" (Jack Rhodes)
2. "Silver Threads and Golden Needles" (Dick Reynolds, Jack Rhodes)
3. "Cryin' Through the Night" (Oscar Levant)
4. "Let Me Explain" (Chuck Willis)
5. "No Wedding Bells for Joe" (Jim Coleman, Marijohn Wilkin)
6. "Just a Queen For a Day" (Harlan Howard)

## InfoBox

| Wanda Jackson | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Wanda Jackson | |
| Released | July 21, 1958 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 29:59 |
| Label | Capitol |
| Producer | Ken Nelson |
| Wanda Jackson chronology | |
| ***Wanda Jackson***
(1958) *Rockin' with Wanda*
(1960) | |


title: Walter de Riddlesford

abstract: Walter de Riddlesford was an Anglo-Norman lord who was granted in Ireland the baronies of Bray, County Wicklow and Kilkea, County Kildare between 1171 and 1176. De Riddlesford was born in Carriebenan, Kildare, Ireland. He married a daughter of Henry fitz Henry named Amabilis Fitzhenry. He built a castle in Bray, located on the south side of the Dargle River, a short distance to the west of the existing Bray Bridge which may have included a mote some time after acquiring the land c.1173. this castle would have been on the south side of the river Dargle a short distance upstream from the existing bridge in Bray. He built a motte-and-bailey fortress on the site of what is now Kilkea Castle in County Kildare in 1181. He died in 1226 and was succeeded by his son Walter. His granddaughter, Emmeline, married Hugh de Lacy, 1st Earl of Ulster and, then, Stephen Longespée, son of William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury and grandson of Henry II of England.

text:
# Walter de Riddlesford

**Walter de Riddlesford** (*fl.* 1150 – d. 1226) was an Anglo-Norman lord who was granted in Ireland the baronies of Bray, County Wicklow and Kilkea, County Kildare between 1171 and 1176.

De Riddlesford was born in Carriebenan, Kildare, Ireland. He married a daughter of Henry fitz Henry named Amabilis Fitzhenry.

He built a castle in Bray, located on the south side of the Dargle River, a short distance to the west of the existing Bray Bridge which may have included a mote some time after acquiring the land c.1173. this castle would have been on the south side of the river Dargle a short distance upstream from the existing bridge in Bray.

He built a motte-and-bailey fortress on the site of what is now Kilkea Castle in County Kildare in 1181.

He died in 1226 and was succeeded by his son Walter. His granddaughter, Emmeline, married Hugh de Lacy, 1st Earl of Ulster (as his second wife) and, then, Stephen Longespée, son of William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury and grandson of Henry II of England (one of their daughters was Ela Longespee).

## InfoBox

| Walter de Riddlesford | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Walter<br>Carriebenan, County Kildare, Ireland |
| Died | 1226 |
| Spouse | Amabilis Fitzhenry |


title: Menno's Mind

abstract: Menno's Mind is a 1997 film directed by Jon Kroll for Showtime. The film stars Billy Campbell, Stephanie Romanov, Corbin Bernsen, and Michael Dorn. The screenplay was written by Mark Valenti.

text:
# Menno's Mind

***Menno's Mind*** is a 1997 film directed by Jon Kroll for Showtime. The film stars Billy Campbell, Stephanie Romanov, Corbin Bernsen, and Michael Dorn. The screenplay was written by Mark Valenti.

## Plot synopsis

Campbell plays the titular Menno, a computer programmer at a virtual reality resort that allows visitors to escape into simulations of their fantasies. The technology is being employed for election fraud by the chief of security (Corbin Bensen). The resistance leader recruits Menno to fight the corruption.

## InfoBox

| Menno's Mind | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Jon Kroll |
| Written by | Mark Valenti |
| Produced by | Larry Estes |
| Starring | Billy Campbell
Stephanie Romanov
Corbin Bernsen
Michael Dorn
Bruce Campbell |
| Cinematography | Gary Tieche |
| Edited by | Stephen R. Myers |
| Music by | Christopher Franke |
| Distributed by | Showtime Networks |
| Release date | * December 13, 1997 (1997-12-13) |
| Running time | 95 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |