title: North–South Shrine Game

abstract: The North–South Shrine Game was an annual postseason college football all-star game played each December from 1948 to 1973 in Miami, and a final time in 1976 in Pontiac, Michigan. The game was sponsored by the fraternal group Shriners International, with proceeds used to support the Shriners Hospitals for Crippled Children. The full name of the game when played in Miami, as listed on programs, was the Mahi Shrine's North–South College All-Star Football Game.

text:
# North–South Shrine Game

The **North–South Shrine Game** was an annual postseason college football all-star game played each December from 1948 to 1973 in Miami, and a final time in 1976 in Pontiac, Michigan. The game was sponsored by the fraternal group Shriners International, with proceeds used to support the Shriners Hospitals for Crippled Children. The full name of the game when played in Miami, as listed on programs, was the **Mahi Shrine's North–South College All-Star Football Game**.

## History

In the early 1930s, there were several college all-star charity games organized between North and South teams. These were held in various locations, and benefitted different charitable causes. While listed in NCAA records, these games were unrelated to the series started in Florida after World War II.

The first two playings of the Miami-based Shrine game, in 1946 and 1947, were contested between high school football teams. Lynn Classical High School from Massachusetts, led by future Boston Red Sox player Harry Agganis, won the first game, while Miami High School won the second game. In October 1948, game organizers announced their intent to invite college football players, noting "there will be enough players for both of us", in reference to the Blue–Gray Football Classic being played in Montgomery, Alabama. Andy Gustafson of Miami and Herman Hickman of Yale, who would both be inducted to the College Football Hall of Fame, were signed to five-year contracts to coach the South and North teams, respectively.

After switching to a college all-star format, the game drew many top players and coaches during its history, such as George Blanda as South quarterback in 1948, and Ara Parseghian as North head coach in 1958. The 1964 game featured two Heisman Trophy winners; John Huarte, that year's recipient, and Roger Staubach, who had won the award in 1963 as a junior. Organizers sought to make the games competitive, including a special rule that allowed a team to *receive* a kickoff after scoring, if they were still trailing.

The 1956 game created some controversy, when singer Harry Belafonte was invited, and then apparently uninvited, to perform the national anthem before the game. Belafonte felt the incident was racially motivated, which game organizers denied; Belafonte was ultimately allowed to sing, although without accompaniment. At the time, the game was still segregated, as African-American players were not included on the South team until Willie Richardson and Bob Paremore in 1962. In the 1962 game, Richardson was selected as South team MVP, and Paremore received the game's sportsmanship award.

The Shrine executive committee voted to discontinue the Miami-based games after 1973, due to sparse attendance and the failure to secure a national television contract. Organizers in Michigan cited scheduling difficulties and a desire "to solicit a TV package", in not continuing the game beyond 1976.

A similar game, the East–West Shrine Game, has been played since 1925.

## Game results

### Early years: college all-star teams

| Date | Winner | Score | Attendance | Stadium | City | Organizer | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| January 1, 1930 | **North** | 21–12 | 20,000 | Grant Field | Atlanta | Yaarab Temple (Shriners) |  |
| December 28, 1930 | **South** | 7–0 | 2,000 | Ebbets Field | New York City | Knights of Columbus |  |
| December 10, 1932 | **South** | 7–6 | 500 | Baltimore Stadium | Baltimore | Mayor Howard W. Jackson |  |
| December 24, 1933 | **North** | 3–0 | 5,000 | Brooklyn Sports Stadium | New York City | American Legion |  |
| January 1, 1934 | **North** | 7–0 | 12,000 | Shields–Watkins Field | Knoxville, Tennessee | Shriners |  |

Notes:

The January 1930 game was a Southern Conference all-star game. The January 1934 game was a Southeastern Conference all-star game.

### Shrine games: high school teams

| No. | Date | North team | | South team | | Attendance | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | December 25, 1946 | **Lynn Classical High School** (MA) | **21** | Granby High School (VA) | 14 | 18,138 |  |
| 2 | December 25, 1947 | McKeesport High School (PA) | 14 | **Miami High School** (FL) | **34** | 26,430 |  |

### Shrine games: college all-star teams

Notes:

Overall record for Shrine games: South (14–12–1) in college games; South (15–13–1) including high school games. All Shrine games played at the Miami Orange Bowl, except for the 1976 game, which was played at the Pontiac Silverdome. The date of the 1949 game is incorrectly listed as December 25 in NCAA records; the game was played on Monday, December 26.

## MVPs

|  | Inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame |
| --- | --- |

| **Year played** | **North** | | | **South** | | | **Ref.** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Player | Pos. | College | Player | Pos. | College | |
| 1948 | *no selection* | | | | | |  |
| 1949 | Ralph Pasquariello | FB | Villanova | *no selection* | | |  |
| 1950 | Gil Stephenson | FB | Army | John Ford | QB | Hardin–Simmons |  |
| 1951 | John Turco | HB | Holy Cross | Bill Wade | QB | Vanderbilt |  |
| 1952 | Donn Moomaw | LB | UCLA | Jack Scarbath | QB | Maryland |  |
| 1953 | Ken Miller | FB | Illinois | Crawford Mims | G | Ole Miss |  |
| 1954 | Alan Ameche | FB | Wisconsin | Dick Bielski | FB | Maryland |  |
| 1955 | Don Holleder | E | Army | George Welsh | QB | Navy |  |
| 1956 | Tommy McDonald | HB | Oklahoma | Billy Ray Barnes | FB | Wake Forest |  |
| 1957 | Jim Ninowski | QB | Michigan State | Dick Christy | HB | NC State |  |
| 1958 | Pete Dawkins | HB | Army | Buddy Humphrey | QB | Baylor |  |
| 1959 | Joe Caldwell | QB | Army | Dan Edgington | E | Florida |  |
| 1960 | Bill Brown | HB | Illinois | Bobby Skelton | QB | Alabama |  |
| 1961 | Larry Onesti | C | Northwestern | Bobby Ply | QB | Baylor |  |
| 1962 | Jerry Gross | QB | Detroit Mercy | Willie Richardson | WR | Jackson State |  |
| 1963 | Jack Concannon | QB | Boston College | George Mira | QB | Miami (FL) |  |
| 1964 | John Huarte | QB | Notre Dame | Bob Hayes | SE | Florida A&M |  |
| 1965 | Nick Rassas | S/PR | Notre Dame | Ed Weisacosky | LB | Miami (FL) |  |
| 1966 | Pete Duranko | DT | Notre Dame | Gene Trosch | DT | Miami (FL) |  |
| 1967 | Dennis Coyne | LB | Northwestern | Gordon Lambert | DE | Tennessee-Martin |  |
| 1968 | Bob Gladieux | RB | Notre Dame | Bill Bergey | LB | Arkansas State |  |
| 1969 | Bruce Van Ness | RB | Rutgers | Clovis Swinney | G | Arkansas State |  |
| 1970 | Lynn Dickey | QB | Kansas State | Dave Elmendorf | S | Texas A&M |  |
| 1971 | Keith Schroeder | LB | Iowa State | Joe Federspiel | LB | Kentucky |  |
| 1972 | Rufus Ferguson | RB | Wisconsin | Chuck Foreman | RB | Miami (FL) |  |
| 1973 | Gerald Tinker | WR | Kent State | Jimmy Allen | CB | UCLA |  |
| 1976 | Tom Hannon | S | Michigan State | Steve Pisarkiewicz | QB | Missouri |  |

Most MVP selections (college): 4, accomplished by Army, Notre Dame, and Miami (FL).

### Sportsmanship award

*(awarded intermittently)*

| Year played | Player | Pos. | College | Team | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1950 | Herb Hannahnote | OT | Alabama | South |  |
| 1951 | Bill Wade | QB | Vanderbilt | South |  |
| 1955 | Jack Losch | HB | Miami (FL) | South |  |
| 1958 | Billy Stacy | HB | Mississippi State | South |  |
| 1961 | Larry Wilson | SE | Miami (FL) | South |  |
| 1962 | Bob Paremore | HB | Florida A&M | South |  |

Herb Hannah was the father of John Hannah.

## InfoBox

| North–South Shrine Game (defunct) | |
| --- | --- |
| Mahi Shrine's North–South
College All-Star Football Game | |
|  | |
| Program cover from 1967 game | |
| Stadium | Orange Bowl (1948–1973)
Silverdome (1976) |
| Location | Miami, Florida (1948–1973)
Pontiac, Michigan (1976) |
| Operated | 1948–1973, 1976 |
| Sponsors | |
| Shriners | |


title: Marnix Verhegghe

abstract: Marnix Verhegghe is a Belgian hammer thrower.

text:
# Marnix Verhegghe

**Marnix Verhegghe** (Palmanova, 25 September 1961) is a Belgian hammer thrower.

## Biography

He is the national record holder of the hammer throw.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Performance | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1987 | European Cup (C Final) | Athens | 3rd | Hammer throw | 68.34 m |  |

## National championships

## InfoBox

Marnix Verhegghe
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Belgian |
| Born | (1961-09-25) 25 September 1961<br>Belgium |
| Height | 1.84 m (6 ft 12 in) |
| Sport | |
| Country | Belgium |
| Sport | Athletics |
| Event | Hammer throw |
| Club | KAA Gent |
| Achievements and titles | |
| Personal best | * Hammer throw: 71.76 m (1989) |


title: Mila Gojsalić

abstract: Mila Gojsalić is a Croatian legendary folk heroine from small region of Poljica, situated between Split and Omiš in present-day Croatia. According to tradition, her origins are from the village of Kostanje in the Dalmatian hinterland, and allegedly she was a distant descendant of Croatian king Gojslav. The legend started evolving around time of the Ottoman wars in Croatia, and it is possibly modeled on that Marulić's fictional heroine Judita herself. The basic narrative revolves around the legendary battle, placed in 1530, and the tale of Ottoman commander, Ahmed-pasha, who allegedly gathered an army of 10 000 men with a goal to conquer Poljica, while setting up a camp in a place called Podgrac. Mila Gojsalić went on to sacrifice herself and lose her virginity to the Ahmed-pasha in order to be able to infiltrate the Turkish camp and blow up the munitions stockpile, killing Ahmed-pasha and numerous officers and soldiers. Ivan Meštrović sculptured the statue of her, installed above the town of Omiš, while Jakov Gotovac composed the opera to her honour. August Šenoa also wrote about her. In her birthplace, every summer there is a cultural manifestation called The days of Mila Gojsalić. Her house is still in the village and is completely renewed.

text:
# Mila Gojsalić

**Mila Gojsalić** (also traditionally "*Mile Gojsalića*") (died 1530) is a Croatian legendary folk heroine from small region of Poljica, situated between Split and Omiš in present-day Croatia.

According to tradition, her origins are from the village of Kostanje in the Dalmatian hinterland, and allegedly she was a distant descendant of Croatian king Gojslav. The legend started evolving around time of the Ottoman wars in Croatia, and it is possibly modeled on that Marulić's fictional heroine *Judita* herself. The basic narrative revolves around the legendary battle, placed in 1530, and the tale of Ottoman commander, Ahmed-pasha, who allegedly gathered an army of 10 000 men with a goal to conquer Poljica, while setting up a camp in a place called Podgrac (modern Podgrađe). Mila Gojsalić went on to sacrifice herself and lose her virginity to the Ahmed-pasha in order to be able to infiltrate the Turkish camp and blow up the munitions stockpile, killing Ahmed-pasha and numerous officers and soldiers.

Ivan Meštrović sculptured the statue of her, installed above the town of Omiš, while Jakov Gotovac composed the opera to her honour. August Šenoa also wrote about her. In her birthplace, every summer there is a cultural manifestation called *The days of Mila Gojsalić*. Her house is still in the village and is completely renewed.


title: Living in the Promiseland

abstract: "Living in the Promiseland" is a song written by David Lynn Jones, and recorded by American country music artist Willie Nelson. It was released in February 1986 as the first single from the album The Promiseland. The song was Nelson's twelfth number one single on the country chart as a solo artist, spending one week at number one and twenty weeks on the chart. In 1988, Jones recorded his own version of the song for his 1988 album Hard Times on Easy Street and included it as the B-side to his single "High Ridin' Heroes", a duet with Waylon Jennings, which reached number 14 on the same chart.

text:
# Living in the Promiseland

"**Living in the Promiseland**" is a song written by David Lynn Jones, and recorded by American country music artist Willie Nelson. It was released in February 1986 as the first single from the album *The Promiseland*. The song was Nelson's twelfth number one single on the country chart as a solo artist, spending one week at number one and twenty weeks on the chart.

In 1988, Jones recorded his own version of the song for his 1988 album *Hard Times on Easy Street* and included it as the B-side to his single "High Ridin' Heroes", a duet with Waylon Jennings, which reached number 14 on the same chart.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1986) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Hot Country Songs (*Billboard*) | 1 |
| Canadian *RPM* Country Tracks | 1 |

## InfoBox

| "Living in the Promiseland" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Willie Nelson | |
| from the album  *The Promiseland* | |
| B-side | "Bach Minuet in G" |
| Released | February 1986 |
| Genre | Country |
| Length | 3:18 |
| Label | Columbia |
| Songwriter(s) | David Lynn Jones |
| Producer(s) | Willie Nelson |
| Willie Nelson singles chronology | |
| "Me and Paul"
(1985) "**Living in the Promiseland**"
(1986) "I'm Not Trying to Forget You"
(1986) | |


abstract: The 1928 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 6, 1928, to select seven Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. All seven incumbents were re-elected and the composition of the state delegation remained solely Democratic.

text:
# 1928 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina

The **1928 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina** were held on November 6, 1928, to select seven Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. All seven incumbents were re-elected and the composition of the state delegation remained solely Democratic.

## 1st congressional district

Incumbent Democratic Congressman Thomas S. McMillan of the 1st congressional district, in office since 1925, won the Democratic primary and was unopposed in the general election.

### Democratic primary

| Democratic primary | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Candidate | Votes | % |
|
| Thomas S. McMillan | 8,379 | 63.8 |
| I. Shep Hutto | 3,756 | 28.6 |
| James DeTreville | 567 | 4.3 |
| Patrick H. Kennedy | 427 | 3.3 |
|

### General election results

South Carolina's 1st congressional district election results, 1928
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | Thomas S. McMillan (incumbent) | 8,469 | 100.0 | 0.0 |
| Majority | | | 8,469 | 100.0 | 0.0 |
| Turnout | | | 8,469 |  |  |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | | |

## 2nd congressional district

Incumbent Democratic Congressman Butler B. Hare of the 2nd congressional district, in office since 1925, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.

### General election results

South Carolina's 2nd congressional district election results, 1928
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | Butler B. Hare (incumbent) | 7,648 | 100.0 | 0.0 |
| Majority | | | 7,648 | 100.0 | 0.0 |
| Turnout | | | 7,648 |  |  |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | | |

## 3rd congressional district

Incumbent Democratic Congressman Frederick H. Dominick of the 3rd congressional district, in office since 1917, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.

### General election results

South Carolina's 3rd congressional district election results, 1928
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | Frederick H. Dominick (incumbent) | 10,917 | 100.0 | 0.0 |
| Majority | | | 10,917 | 100.0 | 0.0 |
| Turnout | | | 10,917 |  |  |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | | |

## 4th congressional district

Incumbent Democratic Congressman John J. McSwain of the 4th congressional district, in office since 1921, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.

### General election results

South Carolina's 4th congressional district election results, 1928
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | John J. McSwain (incumbent) | 8,873 | 100.0 | 0.0 |
| Majority | | | 8,873 | 100.0 | 0.0 |
| Turnout | | | 8,873 |  |  |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | | |

## 5th congressional district

Incumbent Democratic Congressman William F. Stevenson of the 5th congressional district, in office since 1917, defeated Zeb V. Davidson in the Democratic primary and was unopposed in the general election.

### Democratic primary

| Democratic primary | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Candidate | Votes | % |
|
| William F. Stevenson | 13,810 | 60.5 |
| Zeb V. Davidson | 9,023 | 39.5 |
|

### General election results

South Carolina's 5th congressional district election results, 1928
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | William F. Stevenson (incumbent) | 8,911 | 100.0 | 0.0 |
| Majority | | | 8,911 | 100.0 | 0.0 |
| Turnout | | | 8,911 |  |  |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | | |

## 6th congressional district

Incumbent Democratic Congressman Allard H. Gasque of the 6th congressional district, in office since 1923, won the Democratic primary and was unopposed in his bid for re-election.

### Democratic primary

| Democratic primary | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Candidate | Votes | % |
|
| Allard H. Gasque | 14,780 | 71.0 |
| Earl Ellerbe | 3,259 | 15.6 |
| Joel I. Allen | 2,793 | 13.4 |
|

### General election results

South Carolina's 6th congressional district election results, 1928
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | Allard H. Gasque (incumbent) | 7,757 | 100.0 | 0.0 |
| Majority | | | 7,757 | 100.0 | 0.0 |
| Turnout | | | 7,757 |  |  |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | | |

## 7th congressional district

Incumbent Democratic Congressman Hampton P. Fulmer of the 7th congressional district, in office since 1921, defeated Ernest M. Dupre in the Democratic primary and was unopposed in the general election.

### Democratic primary

| Democratic primary | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Candidate | Votes | % |
|
| Hampton P. Fulmer | 14,956 | 67.4 |
| Ernest M. Dupre | 7,241 | 32.6 |
|

### General election results

South Carolina's 7th congressional district election results, 1928
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | Hampton P. Fulmer (incumbent) | 8,772 | 100.0 | 0.0 |
| Majority | | | 8,772 | 100.0 | 0.0 |
| Turnout | | | 8,772 |  |  |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | | |

* Jordan, Frank E. *The Primary State: A History of the Democratic Party in South Carolina, 1876-1962*. pp. 98–99, 115, 120, 124.
* "Report of the Secretary of State to the General Assembly of South Carolina. Part II." *Reports of State Officers Boards and Committees to the General Assembly of the State of South Carolina*. Volume I. Columbia, SC: 1929, pp. 53–55.


title: My Australian Roots

abstract: My Australian Roots is a 1989 album by Australian rude singer/comedian Kevin Bloody Wilson. The album was nominated for the ARIA Award for Best Comedy Release in 1990.

text:
# My Australian Roots

***My Australian Roots*** is a 1989 album by Australian rude singer/comedian Kevin Bloody Wilson. The album was nominated for the ARIA Award for Best Comedy Release in 1990.

## Track listing

All tracks written by Denis Bryant.

1. "You Orta' See Me (When I'm Pissed)" – 3:36
2. "Double Decker Dog" – 4:26
3. "The Great Roberto" – 5:05
4. "Me Dick's on the Dole" – 2:43
5. "The Featherbrain Championship" – 4:19
6. "The First Six Rows" – 3:35
7. "Ollie and Olga" – 3:11
8. "You Can Never Find One" – 2:35
9. "Flowers" – 3:05
10. "The Builder" – 3:18
11. "Amazing Grass" – 5:40

## Charts

Chart performance for *My Australian Roots*
| Chart (1989) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 25 |

## InfoBox

| My Australian Roots | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Kevin Bloody Wilson | |
| Released | June 1989 |
| Genre | Comedy/Australian humour |
| Length | 42:09 |
| Label | Both Barrels Music |
| Producer | Kevin Bloody Wilson |
| Kevin Bloody Wilson chronology | |
| *Born Again Piss Tank*
(1987) ***My Australian Roots***
(1989) *The Lovable Larrikin (best of)*
(1990) | |


title: Władysław, Lesser Poland Voivodeship

abstract: Władysław is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Iwanowice, within Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north of Iwanowice and 23 km (14 mi) north of the regional capital Kraków.

text:
# Władysław, Lesser Poland Voivodeship

**Władysław** \[vwaˈdɨswaf\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Iwanowice, within Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north of Iwanowice and 23 km (14 mi) north of the regional capital Kraków.

## InfoBox

| Władysław | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Władysław | |
| Coordinates: 50°16′N 19°58′E / 50.267°N 19.967°E / 50.267; 19.967 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lesser Poland |
| County | Kraków |
| Gmina | Iwanowice |


title: Nicholas Devine

abstract: Nicholas Devine, also spelled Divine, was an Irish prison official who was superintendent of convicts for New South Wales, Australia, from 1790 to 1808. Devine obtained land grants in what was to become Erskineville. After Devine's death, a legal battle occurred over his estate. This led to Doe dem Devine v. Wilson and Others, popularly known as the "Newtown Ejectment Case".

text:
# Nicholas Devine

**Nicholas Devine**, also spelled **Divine** (1739? County Cavan, Ireland – May 29, 1830), was an Irish prison official who was superintendent of convicts for New South Wales, Australia, from 1790 to 1808.

Devine obtained land grants in what was to become Erskineville.

After Devine's death, a legal battle occurred over his estate. This led to *Doe dem Devine v. Wilson and Others*, popularly known as the "Newtown Ejectment Case".


title: Nga Lee (Sally) Ng

abstract: Nga Lee Ng is the Love Family Professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology, holding appointments in both the School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and the School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences. Her research focuses on atmospheric chemistry, particularly in the study of organic aerosols and their effects on air quality, climate, and human health.

text:
# Nga Lee (Sally) Ng

**Nga Lee Ng** is the Love Family Professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology, holding appointments in both the School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and the School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences. Her research focuses on atmospheric chemistry, particularly in the study of organic aerosols and their effects on air quality, climate, and human health.

## Education and early career

Ng earned her Bachelor of Engineering degree in Chemical and Environmental Engineering from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology in 2002. She was an exchange student in Chemical Engineering at the University of Minnesota from 2000 to 2001. She then pursued her graduate studies at the California Institute of Technology, where she completed her M.S. in Chemical Engineering in 2004 and her Ph.D. in 2007 under the supervision of John H. Seinfeld and Richard C. Flagan.

Following her Ph.D., Ng worked as a postdoctoral scholar at the California Institute of Technology (2007-2008) and then as a postdoctoral scientist at Aerodyne Research (2008-2010). She continued at Aerodyne Research as a senior scientist from 2010 to 2011.

## Research and career

Ng joined the Georgia Tech faculty in 2011. Her research focuses on the chemistry of atmospheric aerosols, including their formation, transformation, and impacts. Her work has provided insights into the role of organic aerosols in air quality and climate change. She employs advanced analytical techniques and modeling approaches to study the sources, processes, and effects of particulate matter and other air pollutants. She was the lead principal investigator on a $12M National Science Foundation (NSF) grant awarded in 2021 to establish the *Atmospheric Science and Chemistry mEasurement NeTwork (ASCENT)*, which aims to collect real-time measurements of atmospheric particulates' chemical composition and properties at 12 different sites around the United States. She received a Love Family endowed professorship at Georgia Tech in 2022.

Ng has held several editorial positions, including Editor-in-Chief of *ACS Environmental Science & Technology Air* since 2023, and she has served on the *ACS Earth and Space Chemistry* and *Scientific Reports* editorial boards.

## Selected publications

* Ng, N. L.; Kroll, J. H.; Chan, A. W. H.; Chhabra, P. S.; Flagan, R. C.; Seinfeld, J. H. (July 24, 2007). "Secondary organic aerosol formation from *m*-xylene, toluene, and benzene". *Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics*. **7** (14): 3909–3922. Bibcode:2007ACP.....7.3909N. doi:10.5194/acp-7-3909-2007. ISSN 1680-7324.
* Ng, N. L.; Canagaratna, M. R.; Zhang, Q.; Jimenez, J. L.; Tian, J.; Ulbrich, I. M.; Kroll, J. H.; Docherty, K. S.; Chhabra, P. S.; Bahreini, R.; Murphy, S. M.; Seinfeld, J. H.; Hildebrandt, L.; Donahue, N. M.; DeCarlo, P. F.; Lanz, V. A.; Prévôt, A. S. H.; Dinar, E.; Rudich, Y.; Worsnop, D. R. (May 20, 2010). "Organic aerosol components observed in Northern Hemispheric datasets from Aerosol Mass Spectrometry". *Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics*. **10** (10): 4625–4641. Bibcode:2010ACP....10.4625N. doi:10.5194/acp-10-4625-2010. ISSN 1680-7324.
* Ng, N. L.; Herndon, S. C.; Trimborn, A.; Canagaratna, M. R.; Croteau, P. L.; Onasch, T. B.; Sueper, D.; Worsnop, D. R.; Zhang, Q.; Sun, Y. L.; Jayne, J. T. (2011). "An Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) for Routine Monitoring of the Composition and Mass Concentrations of Ambient Aerosol". *Aerosol Science and Technology*. **45** (7): 780–794. Bibcode:2011AerST..45..780N. doi:10.1080/02786826.2011.560211. ISSN 0278-6826.
* Liu, Fobang; Ng, Nga Lee (June 6, 2023). *Toxicity of Atmospheric Aerosols: Methodologies & Assays*. Washington, DC, USA: American Chemical Society. doi:10.1021/acsinfocus.7e7012. ISBN 978-0-8412-9981-8.
* Eftekhari, Azin; Won, Youngbo; Morrison, Glenn; Ng, Nga Lee (June 28, 2023). *Chemistry of Indoor Air Pollution*. Washington, DC, USA: American Chemical Society. doi:10.1021/acsinfocus.7e7018. ISBN 978-0-8412-9983-2.

## Awards and honors

## InfoBox

| Nga Lee Ng | |
| --- | --- |
| Alma mater | Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, California Institute of Technology |
| Known for | Organic Aerosols, Air Quality, Climate Change |
| Awards | American Geophysical Union Ascent Award
AAAR Kenneth T. Whitby Award
NSF CAREER Award |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Atmospheric Chemistry |
| Institutions | Georgia Institute of Technology |
| Doctoral advisors | John H. Seinfeld, Richard C. Flagan |
|  | |


abstract: Rascals and Robbers: The Secret Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn is a 1982 American made-for-television adventure film originally broadcast February 27, 1982 on CBS as the TV Movie of the Week. CBS financed the film with a $2.2 million budget and the working title was The Further Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. The film was shot on location in Natchez, Mississippi in the fall of 1981 where the filmmakers added dirt to the street of the historic town. The movie features early roles for Cynthia Nixon and Anthony Michael Hall. It was the first major role for then-child actor and future award-winning filmmaker Patrick Creadon, who starred as Tom. The teleplay was written by Carlos Davis and David Taylor. It was directed by Dick Lowry and produced by his brother Hunt Lowry.

text:
# Rascals and Robbers: The Secret Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn

***Rascals and Robbers: The Secret Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn*** is a 1982 American made-for-television adventure film originally broadcast February 27, 1982 on CBS as the TV Movie of the Week. CBS financed the film with a $2.2 million budget and the working title was *The Further Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn.* The film was shot on location in Natchez, Mississippi in the fall of 1981 where the filmmakers added dirt to the street of the historic town. The movie features early roles for Cynthia Nixon and Anthony Michael Hall (co-starring as Huck). It was the first major role for then-child actor and future award-winning filmmaker Patrick Creadon, who starred as Tom. The teleplay was written by Carlos Davis and David Taylor. It was directed by Dick Lowry and produced by his brother Hunt Lowry.

## Production and locations

Filming began in late September 1981 in a wooded area near Natchez, Miss. and the first scene to be shot involved Tom and Huck escaping on horseback from the villain. The climactic cave sequences were filmed in DeSoto Caverns near Childersburg, Ala.

## Plot and context

The movie is set shortly after the ending of Mark Twain's 1876 novel *The Adventures of Tom Sawyer* as St. Petersburg prepares for its 50th anniversary. Although billed as a sequel, the teleplay includes several elements of Twain's *The Adventures of Tom Sawyer* and his 1884 novel *The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn*: Huckleberry bristling at the Widow Douglas' attempts to civilize him; Tom being caught by Aunt Polly while eating stolen jam; scary encounters in a graveyard; Tom and Huck's mysterious disappearance alarming the town; Tom eagerly puffing on Huck's corncob pipe and getting sick; a scary journey through perilous caverns; an elaborate scheme to save a slave, etc.

The story opens as adventure-craving Tom hunts down Huck, whom he finds smoking his corncob pipe in a pickle barrel. Huck is tired of the Widow Douglas trying to civilize him and Tom wants to avoid participating in the town's lavish 50th anniversary celebration. Tom suggests he and Huck run off to live among the Indians. But the boys are distracted by the arrival in town of the suspicious-looking Scree (Anthony James); Tom suspects Scree is a spy, and he and Huck follow Scree to learn his plans. Tom and Huck overhear con artists planning to bilk the citizens of St. Petersburg into spending $15,000 for a bogus set of jewel-encrusted golden angel statues to be used in the celebration. Fearing for their lives, the boys flee town, followed closely by Scree, who turns out to be the sinister leader of the villains. Huck and Tom rush to the river but are temporarily separated when the raft on which they are making their escape splits in half. Huck hides out with a would-be cardsharp (Ed Begley Jr.) and Tom falls into Scree's clutches. Reunited, Tom and Huck get mixed up in a crooked poker game that ends disastrously and narrowly escape on horseback from the malicious Scree, who is determined to do away with them. When Tom complains of hunger pangs, Huck suggests they have a smoke to take their minds off food, and he offers Tom his corncob pipe. Intrigued, Tom smokes the pipe and quickly becomes queasy. Tom and Huck's fortunes improve when they fall in with a ragtag traveling circus, run by the kind but boozy Arco the Magnificent (Anthony Zerbe), who is happy to supply the duo with a meal in exchange for some help with his rather shoddy show. Tom and Huck also compete for the affections of Arco's lovely and strong-willed daughter, Alice (Nixon). When Huck nearly tumbles to his death while performing a dangerous stunt to impress Alice, he is rescued by George (J.D. Hall), a freed slave who's looking for his enslaved sister, Reba. The boys enlist George, Arco and Alice in an elaborate masquerade to save Reba from Colonel Beeton (Hansford Rowe) and his loathsome, wealthy family. George dresses up as an African king, with Tom and Huck pretending to be his minions. Dazzled by the idea of entertaining royalty, Beeton invites them to his plantation and serves a banquet. But Beeton's servant recognizes the disguised George and everyone must make a hasty exit from the Beeton estate, taking Reba along. The gun-toting Scree resurfaces and threatens Tom, Huck, George, Reba, Arco and Alice while they're on the road. Tom leads his friends into MacDougall Cave, where they must creep through a cavern swarming with snakes. In the end, Tom and Huck expose Scree's scheme, bring the villains to justice — the supposedly precious statues turn out to be nothing but worthless rocks — and save the day. But at the celebratory dinner honoring them, Tom catches a glimpse of what looks like a pirate wandering around outside the window and he and Huck sneak out of the party, looking for a new escapade.

## Cast

## Reception

*Rascals and Robbers* did not fare well in the Nielsen ratings, coming in 57th out of 64 shows the week it was broadcast. CBS re-broadcast the film on November 26, 1982 during the Thanksgiving weekend. The film was nominated for three Primetime Emmy Awards in 1982 in the categories of editing, sound and art direction. Film Score Monthly noted it is "best remembered today for its highly enjoyable score by a young James Horner, completed mere days before he began work on his breakout success, 'Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan'." Leonard Maltin gave the film an "Average" rating in Leonard Maltin's Movie and Video Guide. Gannett News Service TV critic Bill Hayden said, "Wholesome, diverting and entertaining describe this production. ... What it lacks in substance, it makes up for in pace, moving along fast enough to keep its young audience interested and grownups from becoming bored." Sky Cinema said the film "looks good but lacks much of the flavour and bite of the original. All but the most undemanding of children are likely to get restless somewhere along the route of this rambling narrative which provides our heroes with adventures among slaves, con-men, outlaws and a circus." In "American Literature on Stage and Screen: 525 Works and Their Adaptations," Thomas S. Hischak calls the film "a highly entertaining kids' movie but not a true Twain work." Associated Press critic Fred Rothenberg deemed it "a ripoff, and a miserable one at that. ... so boring, it gives running away from home a bad name." John J. O'Connor of The New York Times News Service noted, "Tom and Huck (Patrick Creadon and Anthony Michael Hall respectively) are, of course, the rascals, refusing to go to choir practice and sneaking smokes in empty pickle barrels. ... By the time the boys emerge victorious back home ("Ain't it grand to be heroes," beams Tom), the action has flagged considerably in a number of spots, but the production, filmed in Natchez, Miss., continues to look good throughout. The young'uns might appreciate several of the less obvious plot contrivances."

## Video release

According to *The Palm Beach Post*, the film was released on VHS by Playhouse Video in 1987. It has never officially been issued on DVD or Blu-ray.

## InfoBox

| *Rascals and Robbers: The Secret Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Adventure
Family |
| Based on | Characters created by Mark Twain |
| Written by | Carlos Davis
David Taylor |
| Directed by | Dick Lowry |
| Starring | Patrick Creadon
Anthony Michael Hall
Cynthia Nixon
Anthony Zerbe
Ed Begley Jr.
Anthony James
Allyn Ann McLerie |
| Theme music composer | James Horner |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| Production | |
| Producers | Carlos Davis
David Taylor |
| Cinematography | James Pergola |
| Editor | Byron "Buzz" Brandt |
| Running time | 95 minutes |
| Production company | CBS Entertainment |
| Original release | |
| Network | CBS |
| Release | February 27, 1982 (1982-02-27) |


title: Grotbreahesten

abstract: Grotbreahesten is a mountain in Lom Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 2,013-metre (6,604 ft) tall mountain is located in the Jotunheimen mountains within Jotunheimen National Park. The mountain sits about 18 kilometres (11 mi) south of the village of Fossbergom and about 36 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of the village of Vågåmo. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Finnshalspiggen and Nørdre Trollsteinhøe to the north, Smådalshøe to the northeast, Trollsteineggi and Glittertinden to the south, Trollsteinrundhøe to the west, and Gråhøe and Svartholshøe to the northwest.

text:
# Grotbreahesten

**Grotbreahesten** is a mountain in Lom Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 2,013-metre (6,604 ft) tall mountain is located in the Jotunheimen mountains within Jotunheimen National Park. The mountain sits about 18 kilometres (11 mi) south of the village of Fossbergom and about 36 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of the village of Vågåmo. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Finnshalspiggen and Nørdre Trollsteinhøe to the north, Smådalshøe to the northeast, Trollsteineggi and Glittertinden to the south, Trollsteinrundhøe to the west, and Gråhøe and Svartholshøe to the northwest.

## InfoBox

| Grotbreahesten | |
| --- | --- |
| GrotbreahestenLocation of the mountainGrotbreahestenGrotbreahesten (Norway) | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 2,013 m (6,604 ft) |
| Prominence | 94 m (308 ft) |
| Parent peak | Glittertinden |
| Isolation | 1.1 km (0.68 mi) |
| Coordinates | 61°40′29″N 8°34′39″E / 61.67469°N 8.57737°E / 61.67469; 8.57737 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Innlandet, Norway |
| Parent range | Jotunheimen |
| Topo map | 1618 III Glittertinden |


title: Greek landing ship Chios (L195)

abstract: USS LST-35 was an LST-1-class tank landing ship of the United States Navy built during World War II. She was transferred to the Royal Hellenic Navy on 18 August 1943, before being commissioned into the USN, and was renamed Chios.

text:
# Greek landing ship Chios (L195)

**USS *LST-35*** was an *LST-1*-class tank landing ship of the United States Navy built during World War II. She was transferred to the Royal Hellenic Navy on 18 August 1943, before being commissioned into the USN, and was renamed ***Chios***.

## Construction

*LST-35* was laid down on 20 March 1943, at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, by the Dravo Corporation; launched on 30 June 1943; sponsored by Mrs. Samuel G. Cooper; and transferred to the Royal Hellenic Navy on 18 August 1943, and renamed ***Chios* (L195)**.

## Service history

*Chios*, ex-*LST-35*, sailed from Galveston Bar for Key West, Florida, on 28 August 1943, with convoy HK 125, arriving in Key West, 1 September 1943.

On 11 October 1943, *Chios* left Halifax, Nova Scotia, in convoy SC 144, en route she joined convoy WN 497 that had departed Loch Ewe, on 26 October. She arrived in Methil, Scotland, on 28 October with a load of lumber.

*Chios* departed Methil, on 3 December 1943, in convoy EN 314 (series 2), arriving in Loch Ewe, on 5 December. She departed Liverpool, England, in convoy OS 63/KMS 37, on 25 December 1943. The convoy split on 7 January 1944, with *Chios* continuing on in convoy KMS 37G, arriving in Gibraltar, on 9 January. However, the same records show that she departed Liverpool, England, in convoy OS 64/KMS 38, on 3 January 1944. The convoy split on 15 January 1944, with *Chios* continuing on in convoy KMS 38G, arriving in Gibraltar, on 17 January. It's possible that she was delayed from sailing in the first, here intended convoy, and had to travel in the proceeding convoy.

## Post-war service

She was sold to the government of Greece in January 1947. She was struck from the Navy list on 23 June 1947. She served until 1971, when she was placed in reserve. Reactivated in 1974, she was finally decommissioned from the Greek navy on 10 May 1977.

## Bibliography

* "LST-35". *Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships*. Naval History and Heritage Command. 4 August 2015. Retrieved 8 September 2017. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
* "LST-35". *Navsource*. Navsource.org. 12 October 2012. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
* "Convoy EN.314 (Series 2)". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
* "Convoy HK.125". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
* "Convoy KMS.37G". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
* "Convoy KMS.38G". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
* "Convoy OS.63/ KMS.37". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
* "Convoy OS.64/ KMS.38". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
* "Convoy SC.144". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
* "Convoy WN.497". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 8 September 2017.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | *LST-35* |
| Builder | Dravo Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |
| Laid down | 20 March 1943 |
| Launched | 30 June 1943 |
| Sponsored by | Mrs. Samuel G. Cooper |
| Stricken | 23 June 1947 |
| Identification | Hull symbol: LST-35 |
| Fate | Transferred to the Royal Hellenic Navy, 18 August 1943 |
| Greece | |
| Name | *Chios* |
| Namesake | Chios |
| Acquired | 18 August 1943 |
| Decommissioned | 10 May 1977 |
| Identification | Hull symbol: L195 |
| Fate | Sold to Greece, January 1947 |
| Status | Fate unknown |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | *LST-1*-class tank landing ship |
| Displacement | * 4,080 long tons (4,145 t) full load * 2,160 long tons (2,190 t) landing |
| Length | 328 ft (100 ) oa |
| Beam | 50 ft (15 m) |
| Draft | * Full load: 8 ft 2 in (2.49 m) forward; 14 ft 1 in (4.29 m) aft * Landing at 2,160 t: 3 ft 11 in (1.19 m) forward; 9 ft 10 in (3.00 m) aft |
| Installed power |  |
| Propulsion |  |
| Speed | 12 kn (22 km/h; 14 mph) |
| Range | 24,000 nmi (44,000 km; 28,000 mi) at 9 kn (17 km/h; 10 mph) while displacing 3,960 long tons (4,024 t) |
| Boats & landing <br>craft carried | 2 or 6 x LCVPs |
| Capacity | * 2,100 tons oceangoing maximum * 350 tons main deckload |
| Troops | 16 officers, 147 enlisted men |
| Complement | 13 officers, 104 enlisted men |
| Armament |  |


title: Greek landing ship Lemnos (L158)

abstract: USS LST-36 was an LST-1-class tank landing ship of the United States Navy built during World War II. She was transferred to the Royal Hellenic Navy on 23 August 1943, before being commissioned into the USN, and was renamed Lemnos (Λήμνος).

text:
# Greek landing ship Lemnos (L158)

**USS *LST-36*** was an *LST-1*-class tank landing ship of the United States Navy built during World War II. She was transferred to the Royal Hellenic Navy on 23 August 1943, before being commissioned into the USN, and was renamed ***Lemnos*** (Λήμνος).

## Construction

*LST-36* was laid down on 21 April 1943, at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania by the Dravo Corporation; launched on 10 July 1943; sponsored by Mrs. Franklin Keen; and transferred to the Hellenic Navy on 23 August 1943, and renamed ***Lemnos* (L158)**.

## Service history

*Lemnos* sailed from Galveston Bar for Key West, Florida, on 28 August 1943, with convoy HK 125, arriving in Key West, 1 September 1943.

On 11 October 1943, *Lemnos* left Halifax, Nova Scotia, in convoy SC 144, en route she joined convoy WN 497 that had departed Loch Ewe, on 26 October. She arrived in Methil, Scotland, on 28 October with a load of lumber.

*Lemnos* departed Methil, on 3 December 1943, in convoy EN 314 (series 2), arriving in Loch Ewe, on 5 December. She departed Liverpool, England, in convoy OS 61/KMS 35, on 8 December 1943. The convoy split on 20 December 1943, with *Lemnos* continuing on in convoy KMS 35G, arriving in Gibraltar, on 21 December.

On 22 May 1944, *Lemnos* departed Augusta, Sicily, with convoy VN 41, arriving in Naples, Italy, the following day. She later returned to Augusta, in convoy NV 46, departing Naples, on 16 June, and arriving the next day.

*Lemnos* sailed for Taranto, Italy, on 9 January 1945, in convoy HP 19, arriving in Piraeus, Greece, on 12 January 1945.

## Post-war service

She was sold to the government of Greece in January 1947, and struck from the Navy list on 23 June 1947. She was decommissioned from the Greek navy on 10 May 1977.

## Bibliography

* "LST-36". *Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships*. Naval History and Heritage Command. 4 August 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2018. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
* "LST-36". *Navsource*. Navsource.org. 27 August 2010. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
* "Convoy EN.314 (Series 2)". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
* "Convoy HK.125". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
* "Convoy KMS.35G". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
* "Convoy OS.61/ KMS.35". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
* "Convoy NV.46". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
* "Convoy SC.144". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
* "Convoy HP.19". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
* "Convoy VN.41". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
* "Convoy WN.497". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 8 September 2017.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | *LST-36* |
| Builder | Dravo Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |
| Laid down | 21 April 1943 |
| Launched | 10 July 1943 |
| Sponsored by | Mrs. Franklin Keen |
| Stricken | 23 June 1947 |
| Identification | Hull symbol: LST-36 |
| Fate | Transferred to the Royal Hellenic Navy, 23 August 1943 |
| Greece | |
| Name | *Lemnos* |
| Namesake | Lemnos |
| Acquired | 23 August 1943 |
| Decommissioned | 10 May 1977 |
| Identification | Hull symbol: L158 |
| Fate | Sold to Greece, January 1947 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | *LST-1*-class tank landing ship |
| Displacement | * 4,080 long tons (4,145 t) full load * 2,160 long tons (2,190 t) landing |
| Length | 328 ft (100 ) oa |
| Beam | 50 ft (15 m) |
| Draft | * Full load: 8 ft 2 in (2.49 m) forward; 14 ft 1 in (4.29 m) aft * Landing at 2,160 t: 3 ft 11 in (1.19 m) forward; 9 ft 10 in (3.00 m) aft |
| Installed power |  |
| Propulsion |  |
| Speed | 12 kn (22 km/h; 14 mph) |
| Range | 24,000 nmi (44,000 km; 28,000 mi) at 9 kn (17 km/h; 10 mph) while displacing 3,960 long tons (4,024 t) |
| Boats & landing <br>craft carried | 2 or 6 x LCVPs |
| Capacity | * 2,100 tons oceangoing maximum * 350 tons main deckload |
| Troops | 16 officers, 147 enlisted men |
| Complement | 13 officers, 104 enlisted men |
| Armament |  |


title: Randeep Sarai

abstract: Randeep Singh Sarai is a Canadian politician who was elected as a Member of Parliament in the House of Commons of Canada to represent the federal electoral district Surrey Centre during the 2015 Canadian federal election.

text:
# Randeep Sarai

**Randeep Singh Sarai** MP (born April 15, 1975) is a Canadian politician who was elected as a Member of Parliament in the House of Commons of Canada to represent the federal electoral district Surrey Centre during the 2015 Canadian federal election.

## Early life

Sarai was born and raised in Vancouver, British Columbia to Sikh parents who had immigrated from Sarai Khas, Punjab, India. As a youth he developed a strong background in real estate development and urban planning. After graduating from Burnaby South Secondary School in 1993 Sarai earned his bachelors of arts at the University of British Columbia with a major in political science in 1998. He then attended law school at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, graduating with a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) in 2001. Sarai was called to the bar in 2002, and practiced at a local law firm in Surrey before pursuing a career in politics.

## Federal politics

On October 19, 2015, Sarai was elected Member of Parliament for Surrey- Centre. He formerly sat on the Citizenship and Immigration Committee as well as the Canada- U.S. Inter-Parliamentary Association. Sarai had been the chair of the Liberal Party Pacific caucus, but has since resigned. and the co-chair of the Canada-Singapore Parliamentary Friendship Group.

### Electoral record

| 2021 Canadian federal election: Surrey Centre | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
|  | Liberal | Randeep Sarai | 16,862 | 44.4 | +7.0 | $88,830.88 |
|  | New Democratic | Sonia Andhi | 10,268 | 27.0 | -0.5 | $48,702.94 |
|  | Conservative | Tina Bains | 8,075 | 21.2 | -4.2 | $16,911.31 |
|  | People's | Joe Kennedy | 1,539 | 4.0 | +2.3 | $2,301.17 |
|  | Green | Felix Kongyuy | 838 | 2.2 | -4.0 | $0.00 |
|  | Christian Heritage | Kevin Pielak | 289 | 0.8 | -0.1 | $3,869.07 |
|  | Communist | Ryan Abbott | 137 | 0.4 | +0.1 | $0.00 |
| Total valid votes/Expense limit | | | 38,386 | 98.7 |  | $108,719.22 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 510 | 1.3 |
| Turnout | | | 38,896 | 51.7 |
| Eligible voters | | | 75,297 |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing | | +3.8 |
| Source: Elections Canada | | | | | | |

| 2019 Canadian federal election: Surrey Centre | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
|  | Liberal | Randeep Sarai | 15,453 | 37.40 | -7.62 | $83,457.32 |
|  | New Democratic | Sarjit Singh Saran | 11,353 | 27.48 | -2.60 | $50,584.88 |
|  | Conservative | Tina Bains | 10,505 | 25.42 | +5.62 | $45,184.43 |
|  | Green | John Werring | 2,558 | 6.19 | +2.73 | $2,721.98 |
|  | People's | Jaswinder Singh Dilawari | 709 | 1.72 |  | $5,821.65 |
|  | Christian Heritage | Kevin Pielak | 378 | 0.91 | -0.37 | *none listed* |
|  | Independent | Jeffrey Breti | 243 | 0.59 |  | *none listed* |
|  | Communist | George Gidora | 120 | 0.29 | -0.02 | *none listed* |
| Total valid votes/expense limit | | | 41,319 | 98.87 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 471 | 1.13 | +0.32 |
| Turnout | | | 41,790 | 54.46 | -6.05 |
| Eligible voters | | | 76,731 |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing | | -2.54 |
| Source: Elections Canada | | | | | | |

| 2015 Canadian federal election: Surrey Centre | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
|  | Liberal | Randeep Sarai | 19,471 | 45.07 | +27.31 | $106,885.13 |
|  | New Democratic | Jasbir Sandhu | 12,992 | 30.08 | -9.95 | $128,114.24 |
|  | Conservative | Sucha Thind | 8,556 | 19.81 | -15.85 | $93,713.10 |
|  | Green | Jeremiah Deneault | 1,493 | 3.46 | -0.18 |  |
|  | Christian Heritage | Kevin Pielak | 553 | 1.28 |  | $5,295.88 |
|  | Communist | Iqbal Kahlon | 133 | 0.31 |  |  |
| Total valid votes/expense limit | | | 43,198 | 99.19 |  | $203,771.47 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 352 | 0.81 |  |
| Turnout | | | 43,550 | 60.51 |  |
| Eligible voters | | | 71,966 |
|  | Liberal **gain** from New Democratic | | Swing | | +18.63 |
| Source: Elections Canada | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Randeep SaraiMP | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament
for Surrey Centre | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
October 19, 2015 | |
| Preceded by | *Riding established* |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1974 or 1975 (age 48–49)
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada |
| Political party | Liberal |
| Residence | Surrey, British Columbia |
|  | |


title: Rathi Menon

abstract: Rathi Menon is a Singaporean model and beauty pageant titleholder who won the title of Miss Singapore Universe 2014 and represented her country at the Miss Universe 2014 pageant. Menon is a pharmacy technician of Indian descent.

text:
# Rathi Menon

**Rathi Menon** (September 13, 1991) is a Singaporean model and beauty pageant titleholder who won the title of Miss Singapore Universe 2014 and represented her country at the Miss Universe 2014 pageant. Menon is a pharmacy technician of Indian descent.

## Miss Singapore Universe 2014

Rathi was crowned Miss Singapore Universe 2014 on 22 August 2014 at the finals held at Shangri-La Hotel, beating 11 other finalists. She also bagged the accolades for Miss Brilliance and Miss Personality.

She is also the first Singaporean woman of Indian descent to win this title since 1998.

## Miss Universe 2014

Menon competed at the Miss Universe 2014 pageant but was unplaced.

## InfoBox

| Rathi Menon | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Rathi Menon
(1991-09-13) September 13, 1991
Singapore |
| Height | 1.72 m (5 ft 8 in) |
| **Beauty pageant titleholder** | |
| Title | Miss Singapore Universe 2014 |
| Hair color | Black |
| Eye color | Brown |
| Major
competition(s) | Miss Singapore Universe 2014
(Winner)
Miss Universe 2014
(Unplaced) |
|  | |


title: Großwoltersdorf

abstract: Großwoltersdorf is a municipality in the Oberhavel district, in Brandenburg, Germany.

text:
# Großwoltersdorf

**Großwoltersdorf** is a municipality in the Oberhavel district, in Brandenburg, Germany.

## Demography

Großwoltersdorf: Population development
within the current boundaries (2020)
| Year Pop. ±% p.a.  1875  1,116       1890  1,420 +1.62%  1910  1,405 −0.05%  1925  1,484 +0.37%  1933  1,256 −2.06%  1939  1,387 +1.67%  1946  2,139 +6.38%  1950  1,865 −3.37%  1964  1,414 −1.96%  1971  1,288 −1.32%  1981  1,051 −2.01%  1985  1,023 −0.67%  1989  1,022 −0.02%  1990  1,035 +1.27%  1991  1,007 −2.71% | Year Pop. ±% p.a.  1992  996 −1.09%  1993  1,001 +0.50%  1994  989 −1.20%  1995  990 +0.10%  1996  986 −0.40%  1997  975 −1.12%  1998  1,001 +2.67%  1999  994 −0.70%  2000  992 −0.20%  2001  1,000 +0.81%  2002  977 −2.30%  2003  990 +1.33%  2004  982 −0.81%  2005  966 −1.63%  2006  932 −3.52% | Year Pop. ±% p.a.  2007  937 +0.54%  2008  916 −2.24%  2009  908 −0.87%  2010  860 −5.29%  2011  811 −5.70%  2012  810 −0.12%  2013  807 −0.37%  2014  803 −0.50%  2015  793 −1.25%  2016  768 −3.15%  2017  762 −0.78%  2018  759 −0.39%  2019  754 −0.66%  2020  778 +3.18% |
| --- | --- | --- |

## InfoBox

| Großwoltersdorf | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Inspector's house in Zernikow | |
| Location of Großwoltersdorf within Oberhavel district | |
| Großwoltersdorf Großwoltersdorf | |
| Coordinates: 53°04′00″N 13°05′59″E / 53.06667°N 13.09972°E / 53.06667; 13.09972 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Brandenburg |
| District | Oberhavel |
| Municipal assoc. | Gransee und Gemeinden |
| Subdivisions | 3 districts |
| Government | |
| Mayor (202429) | Ingo Utesch |
| Area | |
| Total | 52.27 km2 (20.18 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 68 m (223 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 764 |
| Density | 15/km2 (38/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 16775 |
| Dialling codes | 033082 |
| Vehicle registration | OHV |
| Website | Gemeinde Großwoltersdorf |


title: Grown Ups (1999 TV series)

abstract: Grown Ups is an American television sitcom that aired on the UPN network from August 23, 1999, to May 22, 2000. Starring Jaleel White, the series was created by Matthew Miller and based on a story written by White.

text:
# Grown Ups (1999 TV series)

***Grown Ups*** is an American television sitcom that aired on the UPN network from August 23, 1999, to May 22, 2000. Starring Jaleel White, the series was created by Matthew Miller and based on a story written by White.

## Plot

*Grown Ups* follows the lives of three post-college friends who are coming to terms with adulthood. J. Calvin Frazier is a 24-year-old man whose roommate just left town nearly leaving him homeless. J. also learns that his high school crush Melissa (Tammy Townsend) is engaged to another man. With the help of his best friend Gordon (Dave Ruby) and Gordon's wife Shari (Marissa Ribisi), J. attempts to deal with his problems and adjust to life as a grown up.

In the pilot episode, Soleil Moon Frye appeared as Robin Carlucci, J.'s new roommate who wrongly assumes that J. is gay. The series was retooled after the pilot and Frye's character was dropped.

## Cast

### Main

### Recurring

## Reception

*Grown Ups* premiered on August 23, 1999, at 8:30 EST/7:30 CST. On August 30, 1999, the series moved to Mondays at 9 p.m. EST/8 p.m. CST, following the *Moesha* spin-off *The Parkers*. The series initially garnered good ratings, but ratings soon dropped and UPN canceled the series (on a cliffhanger that was never resolved) in May 2000.

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Pilot" | John Whitesell | Matthew Miller | August 23, 1999 (1999-08-23) |
| J has recently discovered that his roommate has moved out and now he has to find a new one. He gets a roommate in the form of Robin, who thinks he's gay. One of Gordon's coworkers, Marcus, is dating one of J's old girlfriends. J now has to deal with his new roommate and the feelings he has for his old flame. | | | | | |
| 2 | "Truth Be Told" | Rich Correll | Jeny Quine | August 30, 1999 (1999-08-30) |
| While playing the game of "Truth Be Told," J discovers that his girlfriend is still a virgin, while Gordon discovers that he wasn't Sherri's first experience. J and Melissa decide to have sex, and J experiences some bedroom problems. | | | | | |
| 3 | "The Out of Work-Out" | Rich Correll | Matthew Miller | September 6, 1999 (1999-09-06) |
| J quits his job and tries to get another one. He hangs out at a spa to mingle with important business professionals. He eventually gets a new job when he runs into a female member of the club that has her own company. | | | | | |
| 4 | "A Comic Tragedy" | Jeff Melman | Mark Amato | September 13, 1999 (1999-09-13) |
| J and Gordon fight over ownership of a comic book that Shari put on Ebay. The comic puts their friendship in jeopardy. The book turns out to be worthless since Gordon cut an ad out of it; the only winner was Marcus, who cashed in on the legal fees. | | | | | |
| 5 | "Bachelor Auction" | John Tracy | Mark Blutman & Howard Busgang | September 20, 1999 (1999-09-20) |
| J enters a bachelor auction to make his new girlfriend jealous. He gets bought by Gordon's boss' daughter who has a fatal attraction to him. | | | | | |
| 6 | "J Says" | Brian K. Roberts | Jeny Quine | October 4, 1999 (1999-10-04) |
| J takes an encounter with a newspaper columnist who annoyed him, and turns it into a chance at getting his own nationally syndicated column. | | | | | |
| 7 | "Family Circus" | Brian K. Roberts | Arthur Harris | October 18, 1999 (1999-10-18) |
| Against Melissa's wishes, J arranges to meet her parents while they're in town visiting, but quickly discovers why she was so reluctant to introduce him to her germaphobic mother and crazy father. Meanwhile, Gordon and Shari try their hand at writing a children's book, hoping to win a contest that awards the winning author $50,000. | | | | | |
| 8 | "Two Divided by J Equals Ex" | Steve Zuckerman | Rick Newberger | November 8, 1999 (1999-11-08) |
| J's brother comes to town with news of his impending marriage to Donna, who just happens to have had a fling with J years ago. | | | | | |
| 9 | "Vegas, a Place in the Sun" | Steve Zuckerman | Arthur Harris & Mark Amato | November 15, 1999 (1999-11-15) |
| J goes to Las Vegas to try to stop his brother's wedding to Donna. | | | | | |
| 10 | "Why Can't We Not Be Friends?" | Matthew Diamond | Billy Riback | November 22, 1999 (1999-11-22) |
| J's girlfriend Melissa returns from abroad in time for Thanksgiving, but their relationship isn't the same after months of separation. | | | | | |
| 11 | "Online Romance" | Matthew Diamond | Valerie Ahern & Christian McLaughlin | December 6, 1999 (1999-12-06) |
| J and Gordon go crazy with their fantasies, as Gordon loves Shari in her new Scully wig. J dates a former Chicago Bulls cheerleader. | | | | | |
| 12 | "Housesitter" | Joyce Gittlin | Valerie Ahern & Christian McLaughlin | January 3, 2000 (2000-01-03) |
| J tries to score points with his boss by watching his log cabin during a blizzard; J brings his friends along and everything goes bad. | | | | | |
| 13 | "Instant Karma" | Sheldon Epps | Matthew Miller | January 24, 2000 (2000-01-24) |
| J tells a blind date that he'll call her and doesn't, so his karma suddenly go bad; he gets locked out of his apartment, gets an infection on his butt and loses to Gordon in basketball. Meanwhile, Gordon investigates his maid and finds out what she really does. | | | | | |
| 14 | "Action" | John Tracy | Mark Blutman & Howard Busgang | February 7, 2000 (2000-02-07) |
| J, Gordon and Shari get cast as extras in Cameron Russell's new movie. J discovers the other side of his favorite action hero. | | | | | |
| 15 | "Valentine's J" | John Tracy | Jeny Quine | February 14, 2000 (2000-02-14) |
| J and Marcus battle to see who can get the most attractive date. J gets multiple dates and everything backfires in his face. | | | | | |
| 16 | "New Job" | John Tracy | Pamela Eells | February 21, 2000 (2000-02-21) |
| J thinks he hit the jackpot when he goes to work for a computer genius. Sheri gets to edit her first book. | | | | | |
| 17 | "Sons & Lovers" | Tony Singletary | Stephen Lloyd | March 20, 2000 (2000-03-20) |
| J meets an older woman and begins dating her. Unknown to him, she's Logan's mother, and Logan discovers them in bed together. Logan claims that it doesn't bother him, but he has J doing more work. It's not until Logan's mother finds out that J's suffering comes to an end, as does their relationship. | | | | | |
| 18 | "J's Pet Peeve" | Rich Correll | Van Whitfield | April 10, 2000 (2000-04-10) |
| J agrees to watch Melissa's dog, who doesn't like him. | | | | | |
| 19 | "The Car Makes the Man" | Iris Dugow | Scott Rosenbaum | May 1, 2000 (2000-05-01) |
| J buys a Mercedes to pretend to be successful, and ends up going into poverty to pay off the expensive bill. | | | | | |
| 20 | "Out of Sync" | Rich Correll | *Story by*: Jaleel White
*Teleplay by*: Billy Riback | May 8, 2000 (2000-05-08) |
| J creates his own boy band, the Macho Five. It backfires in his face when the group dumps him and makes Gordon a member. | | | | | |
| 21 | "Match Breaker J" | Lillah McCarthy | John Hunter & Chuck Snyder | May 15, 2000 (2000-05-15) |
| J tries to match Logan up with the new intern. | | | | | |
| 22 | "Nerds of a Feather Gawk Together" | John Tracy | Dan Signer | May 22, 2000 (2000-05-22) |
| J tries to help some of his coworkers with dating by offering them tips. He also discovers that Melissa is getting married after he sees her with a wedding ring; he realizes that he loves her and proposes to her. Melissa agrees, and reveals that the ring was her girlfriend's ring for her marriage. | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| *Grown Ups* | |
| --- | --- |
| The *Grown Ups* cast (from left to right), Dave Ruby as Gordon Hammel, Marissa Ribisi as Shari Hammel and Jaleel White as J. Calvin Frazier | |
| Genre | Sitcom |
| Created by | Matthew Miller |
| Written by | Valerie Ahern
Mark Amato
Mark Bluntman
Howard Busgang
Pamela Eells
Arthur Harris
Bob Hilgenberg
John Hunter
Stephen Lloyd
Christian McLaughlin
Matthew Miller
Rick Newberger
Rob Muir
Jeny Quine
Billy Riback
Scott J. Rosenbaum
Dan Signer
Chuck Snyder
Van Whitfield |
| Directed by | Richard Correll
Matthew Diamond
Iris Dugrow
Sheldon Epps
Joyce Gittlin
Lillah McCarthy
Jeffery L. Melman
Jonathan Prince
Brian K. Roberts
Tony Singletary
John Tracy
John Whitesell
Steve Zuckerman |
| Starring | Jaleel White
Dave Ruby
Marissa Ribisi |
| Theme music composer | Quincy Jones III |
| Opening theme | Performed by Tionne "T-Boz" Watkins |
| Composers | Becky Kneubuhl
Jonathan Wolff |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 22 |
| Production | |
| Executive producers | Craig Baumgarten
Pamela Eells
Alan Haymon
Rick Newberger
Jonathan Prince
Billy Riback |
| Producers | Arthur Harris
Patricia Fass Palmer
Lyah LeFlore
Jaleel White |
| Cinematography | Donald A. Morgan |
| Editor | Jesse Hoke |
| Running time | 30 minutes |
| Production companies | Alan Haymon Productions
Columbia TriStar Television |
| Original release | |
| Network | UPN |
| Release | August 23, 1999 (1999-08-23)
May 22, 2000 (2000-05-22) |


title: Greg Habeeb

abstract: Gregory D. Habeeb is a lawyer and American politician in Southwest Virginia. He is a conservative Republican and was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates representing the 8th district, which includes the City of Salem, Craig County, and parts of Roanoke and Montgomery Counties from January 2011 to August 31, 2018.

text:
# Greg Habeeb

**Gregory D. Habeeb** (born June 15, 1976) is a lawyer and American politician in Southwest Virginia. He is a conservative Republican and was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates representing the 8th district, which includes the City of Salem, Craig County, and parts of Roanoke and Montgomery Counties from January 2011 to August 31, 2018.

## Education

Habeeb was born in Syracuse, New York and was raised in Christiansburg, Virginia. He attended Christiansburg High School and was an active member in the YMCA's Model General Assembly Program. He served as Youth Governor and remained interested in politics.

Habeeb attended Wake Forest University in North Carolina, earning an undergraduate degree in 1998. He earned his Juris Doctor degree from the Wake Forest University School of Law in 2001. While at Wake Forest, he met his future wife, Christy.

## Family

Greg and Christy Habeeb have three children and live in Salem, Virginia. He is a partner at Gentry, Locke, Rakes & Moore, a business law firm in Roanoke, Virginia. Habeeb and his family attend the Restoration Church in Salem. Habeeb is a volunteer with Young Life, a youth ministry, and formerly served on the board of directors of Big Brothers Big Sisters of Southwest Virginia. He volunteers at the Military Family Support Center in Salem. Habeeb is of Lebanese descent.

## Political career

Habeeb got his start in politics during college as intern for then Governor George Allen and subsequently for then Senator John Warner (R-VA). After practicing law in Richmond, Virginia from 2001-2004, Habeeb moved back to the Roanoke Valley.

In 2007 he was elected Chairman of the Salem Republican Committee. During his tenure, the Salem Republican Committee grew from about 10 members to over 120 members. His work as Salem Republican Committee Chair was recognized by the Republican Party of Virginia which named him its statewide Unit Chair of the Year in 2007 and the 6th District Unit Chair of the Year in 2008. During this time, Habeeb also worked closely with then Delegate Morgan Griffith, who was the House Majority Leader. In November 2010, Griffith was elected to Congress in Virginia's 9th Congressional District, defeating long-time incumbent Rick Boucher. Griffith resigned from the House of Delegates in December. Habeeb, initially uninterested, reconsidered after receiving calls from many community members and several prominent party officials.

On July 27, 2018, he announced that he would resign from the House of Delegates effective August 31, 2018, citing a desire to spend more time with his family.

## Electoral history

| Date | Election | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Virginia House of Delegates, 8th district | | | | | |
| Jan 11, 2011 | Special | **Gregory D. Habeeb** | **Republican** | **6,570** | **63.52** |
| | Ginger R. Mumpower | Democratic | 3,747 | 36.22 |
| | Write Ins | | 26 | 0.25 |
| | *Morgan Griffith was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives; seat stayed Republican* | | | |
| Nov 8, 2011 | General | **Gregory D. Habeeb** | **Republican** | **14,882** | **96.54** |
| | Write Ins | | 533 | 3.45 |
| Nov 8, 2013 | General | **Gregory D. Habeeb** | **Republican** | **20,058** | **95.63** |
| | Write Ins | | 916 | 4.37 |
| Nov 3, 2015 | General | **Gregory D. Habeeb** | **Republican** | **16,684** | **95.96** |
| | Write Ins | | 702 | 4.04 |
| Nov 7, 2017 | General | **Gregory D. Habeeb** | **Republican** | **18,311** | **63.89** |
| | Steve G. McBride | Democratic | 10,294 | 35.92 |
| | Write Ins | | 54 | 0.19 |

### 2011 special election

Habeeb announced his candidacy for the Republican nomination for the 8th District seat in the Virginia House of Delegates on November 7, 2010. His candidacy was supported by, among others, Congressman-elect Griffith, 6th District Congressman Bob Goodlatte and Virginia State Senator Ralph Smith.

Habeeb was also endorsed during his primary by Governor Bob McDonnell, Lieutenant Governor Bill Bolling and Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli. Due in part to the overwhelming level of support he received by party leaders and Republican voters, Habeeb ultimately won the Republican nomination without opposition. McDonnell set the date for the special election as January 11, 2011 - giving candidates just under two months to campaign. Habeeb's opponent was Democrat Ginger Mumpower, a business owner from Roanoke County. Habeeb defeated Mumpower by a margin of 64% to 36%, winning every precinct in the District.

### 2011 re-election

Habeeb announced in April 2011 his intention to seek a full term in the House of Delegates. Habeeb went unchallenged for the Republican nomination and eventually won re-election without opposition.

### 2013 re-election

In 2013, Habeeb went unchallenged for the Republican nomination and eventually won re-election to a second full term without opposition.

### 2015 re-election

In 2015, Habeeb went unchallenged for the Republican nomination and eventually won re-election to a third full term without opposition.

### 2017 re-election

In 2017, Habeeb went unchallenged for the Republican nomination and eventually won re-election to a fourth full term, defeating Democrat Steve McBride, a teacher and scientist who works at Virginia Tech. Habeeb defeated McBride with a margin of 64% to 36%.

### Member of the Virginia General Assembly

Habeeb was sworn-in as a member of the Virginia General Assembly just over 14 hours after thanking his supporters on Election night.

During his first session, Habeeb sponsored several pieces of legislation aimed at reducing the size of government, making it more efficient, transparent and accountable.

He was initially assigned to three committees: House Courts of Justice, House Transportation and House Militia, Police, and Public Safety.

After serving just half a term in the House, Habeeb was appointed to the influential House Committee on Commerce & Labor. In addition, he currently also serves on the Courts of Justice and Privileges and Elections committee. Habeeb was also appointed to the important Rules committee, which is in charge of determining under what rule a bill will be considered under.

Habeeb announced that he would resign his House of Delegates seat on July 27, 2018. He resigned in order to be a full-time dad and take a more significant role at the Gentry Locke law firm.

1. Fain, Travis (November 16, 2015). "Republicans call for Syrian refugee moratorium in Virginia". *Daily Press*. Retrieved January 23, 2016.
2. "Del. Greg Habeeb resigns House of Delegates seat, special election to be set". The Roanoke Times. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
3. "January 2011 House of Delegates Special Election Official Results". Virginia State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2013-05-07.
4. "November 2011 General Election Official Results". Virginia State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on 2013-05-20. Retrieved 2013-05-07.
5. "November 2013 General Election Official Results". Virginia State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on 2014-02-19. Retrieved 2014-06-02.
6. "November 2015 General Election Official Results". Virginia State Board of Elections.
7. "November 2017 General Election Official Results". Virginia State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on 2019-05-17. Retrieved 2018-06-23.
8. Habeeb makes it official, with Griffith and Goodlatte at his side Archived 2013-02-01 at archive.today, roanoke.com; accessed September 20, 2014.
9.
10. Sims, Caslee. "Election 2017: A reader's guide to Tuesday's big Election Day in Virginia". Retrieved 23 November 2018.
11. Delegate Greg Habeeb | Session Recap
12. Virginia General Assembly
13. "Virginia House of Delegates Member Listings". *virginiageneralassembly.gov*. Retrieved 23 November 2018.
14. Chittum, Matt. "Del. Greg Habeeb resigns House of Delegates seat, special election to be set". Retrieved 23 November 2018.

## InfoBox

| Greg Habeeb | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Virginia House of Delegates
from the 8th district | |
| **In office**
January 12, 2011  August 31, 2018 | |
| Preceded by | Morgan Griffith |
| Succeeded by | Joe McNamara |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1976-06-15) June 15, 1976
Syracuse, New York |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Christy Habeeb |
| Children | Daniel, William, Anna |
| Residence | Salem, Virginia |
| Alma mater | Wake Forest University |
| Profession | Lawyer |
| Committees | Courts of Justice; Transportation; Commerce and Labor; Rules |
| Website | www.greghabeeb.com |
|  | |


title: Grey Wolves training camps

abstract: Grey Wolves training camps were camps for ideological and paramilitary training that were established by Alparslan Türkeş. The camps specialised in providing urban warfare training to members of the Grey Wolves. The camps were founded in 1968 and fully dissolved by 1978. As part of Operation Gladio, the United States funded and sent weapons to the camps, and the trainers at the camps were TSK veterans who had also received training from the United States beforehand. The first session started on July 14, 1968, in the cities of İzmir, and Gümüldere. By 1969, over 100,000 people were trained at the camps. The camps grew to 35 by the end of 1970. There were a total of over 100 camps across Turkey, in cities such as İzmir, Yozgat, Çankırı, Kayseri, Trabzon, Antalya, Ankara, and Istanbul. The soldiers were described as being "well-disciplined", and after graduating from the camps, they had fought in the Turkish political conflict and were involved in shootouts, assassinations, and other attacks against leftists, Alevis, Kurds, and Islamists.

text:
# Grey Wolves training camps

**Grey Wolves training camps** were camps for ideological and paramilitary training that were established by Alparslan Türkeş. The camps specialised in providing urban warfare training to members of the Grey Wolves. The camps were founded in 1968 and fully dissolved by 1978. As part of Operation Gladio, the United States funded and sent weapons to the camps, and the trainers at the camps were TSK veterans who had also received training from the United States beforehand. The first session started on July 14, 1968, in the cities of İzmir, and Gümüldere. By 1969, over 100,000 people were trained at the camps. The camps grew to 35 by the end of 1970. There were a total of over 100 camps across Turkey, in cities such as İzmir, Yozgat, Çankırı, Kayseri, Trabzon, Antalya, Ankara, and Istanbul. The soldiers were described as being "well-disciplined", and after graduating from the camps, they had fought in the Turkish political conflict and were involved in shootouts, assassinations, and other attacks against leftists, Alevis, Kurds, and Islamists.


title: Grey ant-blue

abstract: The grey ant-blue is a butterfly native to Australia.

text:
# Grey ant-blue

The **grey ant-blue** (***Acrodipsas melania***) is a butterfly native to Australia.

## InfoBox

| Grey ant-blue | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Lycaenidae |
| Genus: | *Acrodipsas* |
| Species: | ***A. melania*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Acrodipsas melania***<br>Sands, 1980 | |
|


title: Gruta da Morena

abstract: Gruta da Morena (MG-0270) is a limestone cave, considered the third largest cave in Minas Gerais, 15 km from Cordisburgo, Brazil. Reaching 4620 meters long, it presents five entrances, various halls and a stream. It is close to the road of Povoado do Onça, 6 km from the city. To get to the cave, it is first necessary to go through a trail. This specific cave has been very recently included in the area of influence of Gruta de Maquiné, once a new species of arachnid has also been found inside the cave, being it the third troglobitic species of Brazilian Palpigradi found in this cave and of characteristic very similar to the previous species Eukoenenia maquinenses.

text:
# Gruta da Morena

**Gruta da Morena** (MG-0270) is a limestone cave, considered the third largest cave in Minas Gerais, 15 km from Cordisburgo, Brazil. Reaching 4620 meters long, it presents five entrances, various halls and a stream. It is close to the road of Povoado do Onça, 6 km from the city. To get to the cave, it is first necessary to go through a trail. This specific cave has been very recently included in the area of influence of Gruta de Maquiné, once a new species of arachnid has also been found inside the cave, being it the third troglobitic species of Brazilian Palpigradi found in this cave and of characteristic very similar to the previous species *Eukoenenia maquinenses*.

19°10′09″S 44°19′54″W / 19.1691°S 44.3316°W / -19.1691; -44.3316


title: Ray Stevens (politician)

abstract: Raymond Alexander Stevens is an Australian politician, currently serving as Member of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland representing Mermaid Beach for the Liberal National Party. He previously served as Manager of Opposition Business in the Legislative Assembly.

text:
# Ray Stevens (politician)

**Raymond Alexander Stevens** (born 1 February 1953) is an Australian politician, currently serving as Member of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland representing Mermaid Beach for the Liberal National Party. He previously served as Manager of Opposition Business in the Legislative Assembly.

## Early life

Born in Townsville, he received a Bachelor of Arts in Finance and Economics from James Cook University and Macquarie University, and was admitted to the Australian Association of Accountants in 1974, being employed by Price Waterhouse in Sydney. He returned to the family station, "Doncaster" in Richmond, before moving to the Gold Coast in 1979, running local businesses in the area.

## Political career

### Local government

Stevens was a councillor on Albert Shire Council from 1988 to 1995, including a brief term as mayor beginning in 1994. After the amalgamation of Albert and Gold Coast City, he was elected mayor of the latter in 1995, serving until his defeat in 1997.

### State parliament

Stevens was elected to state parliament in 2006 as the member for Robina, succeeding former state Liberal leader Bob Quinn. At this time he was also appointed as the Shadow Minister for Public Works and Housing from 2006 to 2009, with a brief stint from 2007 to 2008 as the Shadow Minister for Information and Communication Technology.

In 2008, Stevens joined the new Liberal National Party with the rest of his party. The redistribution ahead of the 2009 state election renamed his seat to Mermaid Beach; he was re-elected. And from 2009 to 2010 he was the Shadow Minister for Tourism and Fair trading, before he continued in that role as the Shadow Minister for Tourism and Racing from 2010 to 2011. From early 2011 until the election in 2012 Stevens was the Shadow Parliamentary Secretary for Racing.

With the Liberal National Party winning the 2012 Election, Stevens became the Leader of the House of Queensland and in October 2012 the Assistant Minister to the Premier on e-government.

On 11 September 2012, Stevens sparked racism claims after using the term "Jihad Jackie" in Parliament to describe opposition spokeswoman Jackie Trad (herself of Catholic-Lebanese heritage). While Stevens withdrew the remark in Parliament upon urging by house speaker, he staunchly maintained using the word Jihad to describe someone of Arabic heritage, on 11 September, was nothing he needed to apologise for. He subsequently said Trad needed to "harden up" and had a "glass jaw".

At a pre-polling booth on 21 January 2015, Stevens was filmed having a bizarre reaction to a journalist asking him questions about a $100 million sky rail project from Mudgeeraba to Springbrook. Stevens had previously stated he had approval from the Integrity Commissioner, but when the journalist asked Stevens for the Commissioner's advice to be released, Stevens refused to answer. When the journalist did not back down and asked how much he could make from the development, Mr Stevens then began to wave his hands and arms up and down in the journalist's face. "That Mermaid Ray really lost the plot, but without saying a word," Donovan said. "He started doing a dance and gyrating around — this is a Minister of the Crown, we're talking about, let me remind you."

## InfoBox

| Ray StevensMP | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Manager of Opposition Business in Queensland | |
| **In office**
31 January 2015  9 May 2016 | |
| Leader | Lawrence Springborg |
| Preceded by | Curtis Pitt |
| Succeeded by | Jeff Seeney |
| Leader of the House of Queensland | |
| **In office**
30 March 2012  31 January 2015 | |
| Premier | Campbell Newman |
| Preceded by | Judy Spence |
| Succeeded by | Stirling Hinchliffe |
| Shadow Ministry posts   Shadow Minister for Racing  **In office**
29 November 2010  11 April 2011  Leader John-Paul Langbroek  Succeeded by Tim Nicholls  Shadow Minister for Tourism  **In office**
6 April 2009  11 April 2011  Leader John-Paul Langbroek  Preceded by Rob Messenger  Succeeded by Jann Stuckey  Shadow Minister for
Public Works and Housing  **In office**
21 September 2006  5 April 2009  Leader Jeff Seeney
Lawrence Springborg  Preceded by Terry Rogers  Succeeded by Jann Stuckey (Public Works)
Rosemary Menkens (Housing) | |
| Member of the Queensland Parliament
for Mermaid Beach | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
21 March 2009 | |
| Preceded by | *Seat created* |
| Member of the Queensland Parliament
for Robina | |
| **In office**
9 September 2006  21 March 2009 | |
| Preceded by | Bob Quinn |
| Succeeded by | *Seat abolished* |
| Mayor of the Gold Coast | |
| **In office**
11 March 1995  March 1997 | |
| Preceded by | Gary Baildon |
| Succeeded by | Gary Baildon |
| Mayor of Albert | |
| **In office**
26 March 1994  11 March 1995 | |
| Preceded by | Gary Baildon |
| Succeeded by | *Council abolished* |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1953-02-01) 1 February 1953
Townsville, Australia |
| Political party | Liberal National Party (since 2008) |
| Other political
affiliations | Liberal Party (until 2008) |
| Children | 2 |
| Alma mater | James Cook University and Macquarie University |
| Occupation | Accountant, small business owner |
|  | |


title: Gressan

abstract: Gressan is a town and comune in the Aosta Valley region of north-western Italy. Its patron saint is Saint Stephen.

text:
# Gressan

**Gressan** (Valdôtain: *Grésàn*) is a town and *comune* in the Aosta Valley region of north-western Italy. Its patron saint is Saint Stephen.

## Notable people

1. "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
2. "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.

## InfoBox

| Gressan | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di Gressan
Commune de Gressan | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Gressan | |
| GressanLocation of Gressan in ItalyGressanGressan (Aosta Valley) | |
| Coordinates: 45°43′N 7°17′E / 45.717°N 7.283°E / 45.717; 7.283 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Aosta Valley |
| Province | none |
| *Frazioni* | La Bagne, Barral, Barrier, Bénaz, Bonellaz, Borettaz, Bovet, La Cerise, Chamen, Champian, Chanté, Chérémoz, Chez le Rû, Ciel-bleu, Clair, Clérod, La Cort, Crétaz, La Cure de Chevrot, Eaux-froides, Échandall, Étrepiou, Favret, Les Fleurs, Gerdaz, La Giradaz, Gorret, Grand-Cerise, Impérial, Jacquin, Letey, Leysettaz, La Magdelaine, Moline, Naudin, La Palud, Perriail, Pila, Pilet, La Piscine, Plattaz, Plein Soleil, Rémaz, Ronc, Surpillod, Taxel (chef-lieu), Tour de Ville, Vignettaz, Vilvoir, Viseran |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Michel Martinet, from 24 May 2010 |
| Area | |
| Total | 25 km2 (10 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 626 m (2,054 ft) |
| Population (31 December 2022) | |
| Total | 3,358 |
| Density | 130/km2 (350/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 11020 |
| Dialing code | 0165 |
| Patron saint | Saint Stephen |
| Website | Official website |


title: Ranunculus longirostris

abstract: Ranunculus longirostris, the longbeak buttercup, is an aquatic plant in the buttercup family. This species is native to Canada and the United States, where it is widespread. However, it is absent from most of the Southeastern United States. It is found in a diversity of freshwater aquatic habitats, often in streams with slow moving water. There has been some difficulty in separating this species from the closely related Ranunculus trichophyllus, due in part to the lack of preservation of critical features on herbarium specimens.

text:
# Ranunculus longirostris

***Ranunculus longirostris***, the **longbeak buttercup**, is an aquatic plant in the buttercup family.

This species is native to Canada and the United States, where it is widespread. However, it is absent from most of the Southeastern United States. It is found in a diversity of freshwater aquatic habitats, often in streams with slow moving water.

There has been some difficulty in separating this species from the closely related *Ranunculus trichophyllus*, due in part to the lack of preservation of critical features on herbarium specimens.

## InfoBox

| *Ranunculus longirostris* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Ranunculales |
| Family: | Ranunculaceae |
| Genus: | *Ranunculus* |
| Species: | ***R. longirostris*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ranunculus longirostris***<br>Godr. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Batrachium circinatum* (Sibth.) Rchb. * *Batrachium circinatum* (Sibth.) Rchb. ssp. *subrigidum* (W. Drew) Á. Löve & D. Löve * *Batrachium longirostre* (Godr.) F.W. Schultz * *Ranunculus amphibius* James * *Ranunculus aquatilis* L. var. *diffusus* With. p.p. * *Ranunculus aquatilis* L. var. *longirostris* (Godr.) G. Lawson * *Ranunculus aquatilis* L. var. *subrigidus* (W. Drew) Breitung * *Ranunculus circinatus* auct. non Sibth. * *Ranunculus circinatus* Sibth. var. *subrigidus* (W. Drew) L.D. Benson * *Ranunculus subrigidus* W. Drew * *Ranunculus usneoides* Greene | |


title: Grupo Agbar

abstract: Grupo Agbar, formerly Aigües de Barcelona, is a Spanish water utility company. Since 2022, it has been part of Veolia. The company currently operates water treatment and water supply services in Spain and Latin America, operating in Chile through its subsidiary Aguas Andinas.

text:
# Grupo Agbar

**Grupo Agbar**, formerly **Aigües de Barcelona**, is a Spanish water utility company. Since 2022, it has been part of Veolia.

The company currently operates water treatment and water supply services in Spain and Latin America, operating in Chile through its subsidiary Aguas Andinas.

## History

The history of the group dates back to 1867, when the "Compagnie des Eaux de Barcelone" was founded in Liège to supply water to towns near Barcelona, today neighbourhoods in the city, through the Dosrius aqueduct. The company was acquired by French and later Catalan investors. The latter changed the company's name to "Sociedad General de Aguas de Barcelona" in 1919.

The Agbar Group was established in 1975, covering economic sectors as diverse as drinking water supply, sanitation and construction. Subsequently, its activities were expanded to the fields of healthcare, technical vehicle inspection and tax collection.

In 2008, Agbar ceased to be listed on the Spanish stock market and on the IBEX 35, following the joint takeover bid by the French group Suez (holding 56%) and Criteria Caixa, the CaixaBank investment group and former majority shareholder (with the remaining 44%). In 2010, Agbar became a subsidiary of Hisusa (Holding de Infraestructuras y Servicios Urbanos, S.A.), with Suez Environnement holding 75.74% of this holding company and Criteria Caixa 24.26%. During the transaction, Agbar divested itself of its shares in Adeslas. In 2014, Suez Environnement (renamed Suez in 2015) acquired 100% of Agbar, after signing an agreement with Criteria Caixa for the sale of its 24.26%, in exchange for a 4.1% stake in the French group's capital. Agbar became one of the subsidiaries of Suez Spain for complete water cycle management.

At the start of 2022, the Veolia Group, active in water and waste management and energy services, launched a takeover bid for Suez, taking control of 86.22% of its shareholding, a percentage that would be increased to 95.95% after the closing of its complementary offer to acquire the shares that had not participated in its initial takeover bid.

## InfoBox

Sociedad General de Aguas de Barcelona, SA
|
|  |
|
| Company type | Sociedad Anónima |
| Traded as | BMAD: AGS |
| Industry | Utilities |
| Founded | Liège, Belgium (1867 (1867)) |
| Headquarters | Barcelona, Spain |
| Key people | Àngel Simon, Chairman and CEO |
| Services | Water treatment and Water supply |
| Revenue | €167.3 million (2006) |
| Owner | Suez Environnement and CaixaBank |
| Number of employees | 25,000 (2006) |
| Subsidiaries | Aguas Andinas |
| Website | www.agbar.es/en |


title: Grupo Aeroméxico

abstract: Grupo Aeroméxico S.A.B. de C.V. is an airline holding company headquartered in Mexico City. Grupo Aeroméxico owns and operates Aeroméxico, the principal airline of Mexico. In June 2022, the company delisted its shares off the Mexican Stock Exchange as a result of its Chapter 11 reorganization plan. It plans to relist on the New York Stock Exchange or Nasdaq by the end of 2024.

text:
# Grupo Aeroméxico

**Grupo Aeroméxico S.A.B. de C.V.** is an airline holding company headquartered in Mexico City. Grupo Aeroméxico owns and operates Aeroméxico, the principal airline of Mexico.

In June 2022, the company delisted its shares off the Mexican Stock Exchange as a result of its Chapter 11 reorganization plan. It plans to relist on the New York Stock Exchange or Nasdaq by the end of 2024.

## Shareholders

## Major subsidiaries

The following is the corporate structure and list of current subsidiaries of Grupo Aeroméxico as of 2023.

* **Aeromexpress** (Owns 50%)
* **Aeroméxico Cargo**
* **Aerovías de México (Aeroméxico)** and subsidiaries
    + Administradora Especializada en Negocios (Adensa) (Owns 99.99%)
    + Aerolitoral (Aeroméxico Connect)
    + Aerosys (Owns 50.01%, other 49.99% owned by Mexicana de Aviación)
    + Aerovías Empresa de Cargo
    + Centro de Capacitación Alas de América (Owns 99.99%)
    + Empresa de Mantenimiento Aéreo
    + Estrategias Especializadas en Negocios (Esensa) (Owns 50%)
    + Fideicomiso Aeroméxico Servicios
    + Fideicomiso F/1748
    + Fundación Aeroméxico (Owns 99.99%)
    + Inmobiliaria Avenida Fuerza Aérea Mexicana 416 (Owns 99.99%)
    + Inmobiliaria Boulevard Aeropuerto 161 (Owns 99.99%)
    + Operadora de Franquicias y Productos Aéreos (Operadora) (Owns 99.99%)
    + Sistemas Integrados de Soporte Terrestre en México (Owns 99.99%)
        - AM Formación Interna
* **AM DL MRO JV** (Owns 50%, other 50% owned by Delta Air Lines)
* **AM BD GP JV** (Owns 51%)
* **Corporación Nadmin**
* **Integración y Supervisión de Recursos Corporativos**
* **PLM Premier** (Owns 51.14%)
    + Loyalty Servicios Profesionales Mundiales
* **Premier Alliance Services**
* **Servicios Corporativos Aeroméxico** (Owns 99.99%)
* **T2 Servicios Aeroportuarios**

## First level functionaries

As of 2023

* Andrés Conesa Labastida – Chief Executive Officer (CEO)
* Ricardo Sánchez Baker – Chief Financial Officer & EVP (CFO)
* Aaron Murray – Chief Commercial Officer (CCO)
* Angélica Garza Sánchez – Chief Human Resources Officer & EVP (CHRO)
* Andrés Castañeda Ochoa – Chief Digital and Customer Experience Officer & EVP
* Santiago Diago – Chief Operating Officer (COO)
* Ernesto Gómez Pombo – Chief Legal Officer & General Counsel


title: Guangzhou High School

abstract: Guangzhou High School, is a public secondary school in the southern Chinese city of Guangzhou (Canton). Founded in 1963, it was approved as a national demonstration senior high school in 2008. It used to be Guangzhou No. 47 High School until it was renamed in 2018.

text:
# Guangzhou High School

| Guangzhou High School | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Simplified Chinese | 广州中学 |
| Traditional Chinese | 廣州中學 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Guǎngzhōu Zhōngxué  Yue: Cantonese  Jyutping gwong2 zau1 zung1 hok6 | |
| Guangzhou No.47 High School | |
| Simplified Chinese | 广州市第四十七中学 |
| Traditional Chinese | 廣州市第四十七中學 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Guǎngzhōu Shì Dì Sìshíqī Zhōngxué  Yue: Cantonese  Jyutping gwong2 zau1 si5 dai6 sei3 sap6 cat1 zung1 hok6 | |
|  | |

**Guangzhou High School** (Chinese: 广州中学), is a public secondary school in the southern Chinese city of Guangzhou (Canton). Founded in 1963, it was approved as a national demonstration senior high school in 2008. It used to be Guangzhou No. 47 High School until it was renamed in 2018.

## History

Guangzhou High School, originally Guangzhou No.47 High School, was established as a junior high school in July 1963 by Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of Education in the eastern suburban area of Liede. In July 1964 it was renamed as Guangzhou No. 51 High School and moved to a new campus in the Shahe subdistrict. In 1965 the name was restored to Guangzhou No. 47 High School. In 1968 the school began taking senior high school pupils.

In September 1985 the school was transferred to the Tianhe District Bureau of Education. In March 1986 it was approved as the key secondary school of Guangzhou Tianhe District. In April 1995 it was approved as a "provincial first-class secondary school" by Guangdong Provincial Bureau of Education

In 2001 the provincial government, on behalf of Guangzhou city, applied for the school to become a "national demonstration senior high school". This status was finally granted in 2008, making it one of only 16 such schools at that time.

In 2002 the school received a further award as a Guangzhou "Green Environment" campus

In 2018 the school was renamed to "Guangzhou High School".

23°09′01″N 113°21′24″E / 23.150324°N 113.356794°E / 23.150324; 113.356794

## InfoBox

| Guangzhou High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Front gate of Wushan Campus | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 5 XianYun Street, WuShan Area, Tianhe District(Junior)
63 HuaMei Street, Fenghuang Area, Tianhe District(Senior)
Guangzhou, Guangdong
China | |
| Information | |
| Type | public secondary school |
| Motto | Truth-seeking, innovative, compatible, and vigorous |
| Established | 1963 |
| School district | Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China |
| Principal | Xie, XiangHong |
| Headmaster | Wu, Yingmin |
| Faculty | 239 |
| Grades | 3 years junior high
3 years senior high |
| Enrollment | approximately 3,220 |
| Campus | Urban, 12972 m2 |
| Color(s) | White   & Green |
| Mascot | None |
| Website | www.4728.cn |


title: Guangzhou Gymnasium

abstract: The Guangzhou Gymnasium is an indoor arena in Guangzhou. The arena is used as a concert venue and for sporting events such as arena football, basketball, badminton and table tennis. It was constructed between 11 February 1999 and opened on 30 June 2001, with a seating capacity of 10,000. It was designed by Paul Andreu.

text:
# Guangzhou Gymnasium

| Guangzhou Gymnasium | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Simplified Chinese | 广州体育馆 |
| Traditional Chinese | 廣州體育館 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Guǎngzhōu Tǐyùguǎn  Yue: Cantonese  Jyutping gwong2 zau1 tai2 juk6 gun2 | |
|  | |

The **Guangzhou Gymnasium** (Chinese: 广州体育馆; pinyin: *Guǎngzhōu Tǐyùguǎn*) is an indoor arena in Guangzhou. The arena is used as a concert venue and for sporting events such as arena football, basketball, badminton and table tennis. It was constructed between 11 February 1999 and opened on 30 June 2001, with a seating capacity of 10,000. It was designed by Paul Andreu.

## Notable events

Media related to Guangzhou Gymnasium at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

Guangzhou Gymnasium
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Guangzhou, Guangdong |
| Coordinates | 23°11′2″N 113°16′18″E / 23.18389°N 113.27167°E / 23.18389; 113.27167 |
| Owner | People's Government of Guangzhou |
| Capacity | 10,000 |
| Surface | Flooring |
| Construction | |
| Broke ground | 11 February 1999 |
| Opened | 30 June 2001 |
| Architect | Paul Andreu |
| Tenants | |
| Guangzhou Power (arena football) (folded) | |