title: Gymnopilus latus

abstract: Gymnopilus latus is a species of mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae.

text:
# Gymnopilus latus

| Gymnopilus latusMycological characteristics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | **Gills** on hymenium |
|  | Cap is **convex** |
|  | Hymenium is **adnexed** or **adnate** |
|  | Ecology is **saprotrophic** |

***Gymnopilus latus*** is a species of mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae.

List of *Gymnopilus* species

## InfoBox

| *Gymnopilus latus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Hymenogastraceae |
| Genus: | *Gymnopilus* |
| Species: | ***G. latus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Gymnopilus latus***<br>Murrill | |
|


title: Meelick, County Clare

abstract: Meelick is a small village and townland in County Clare, Ireland, situated a few kilometres north of Limerick city in the Mid-West Region.

text:
# Meelick, County Clare

**Meelick** (Irish: *Míleac*, meaning 'marshy land') is a small village and townland in County Clare, Ireland, situated a few kilometres north of Limerick city in the Mid-West Region.

## Location

Historically the village of Meelick was located in an area near Stonepark townland, where the church is located.

In the late 20th and early 21st century, new housing estates were developed in other areas, including at Ballycannon Heights, Elton Court, Kylevoher, Elmwood and Glen Abhainn. Other residential areas near Meelick include Cappantymore, Moneen, Stonepark (the original location of the village centre), Woodcock Hill and Ballycannon North.

## History

Evidence of ancient settlement in Meelick and Stonepark townlands include a number of ringfort and enclosure sites. Meelick Bridge, which spans the River Crompaun (Meelick Creek) between Clonconane and Meelick townlands, was built c.1800. The parish church at Meelick, the Catholic Church of Saint John the Baptist in Stonepark, was built c.1850.

From 1956, the area was home to 161 Hungarian refugees fleeing the Soviet repression in that country (see 1956 Hungarian Revolution). They were housed in Knockalisheen Camp, a disused army barracks dating from the Emergency. In 1957, complaints and disputes between the refugees and the authorities over living conditions and enforced idleness led to a mass hunger strike. After three days, the Dáil and the Irish Red Cross negotiated an end to the strike. By the summer of 1958, most of the refugees were allowed to move to Germany and the USA while a few chose to remain in Ireland. During their stay at the camp, the 51 children attended the local St Munchin's Girls' School where they were taught both the English and Irish languages. Since the 1990s, the camp has again been used to house asylum seekers.

## Amenities

The village has a local GAA club and a community centre. Meelick's national (primary) school, Scoil Mhuire, had an enrollment of over 90 pupils as of 2023. While the village also previously had a tavern and shop, these have since closed.

## People

## InfoBox

| Meelick *Míleac* | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Catholic church in Meelick (built c.1850) | |
| MeelickLocation in Ireland | |
| Coordinates: 52°42′4″N 8°39′11″W / 52.70111°N 8.65306°W / 52.70111; -8.65306 | |
| Country | Ireland |
| Province | Munster |
| County | County Clare |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (WET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-1 (IST (WEST)) |


title: Melchior von Diepenbrock

abstract: Melchior, Freiherr von Diepenbrock was a German Catholic Prince-Bishop of Breslau and Cardinal.

text:
# Melchior von Diepenbrock

**Melchior, Freiherr von Diepenbrock** (6 January 1798 at Bocholt in Westphalia – 20 January 1853 at the castle of Johannesberg in Jauernig) was a German Catholic Prince-Bishop of Breslau and Cardinal.

## Life

He attended the military academy at Bonn and took part in the campaign against France in 1815 as an officer of the militia. Upon his return he was much attracted by the personality of Johann Michael Sailer, a friend of the family, at that time professor at the University of Landshut in Bavaria, and studied public finance at that institution. When Sailer was made Bishop of Ratisbon, Diepenbrock followed him there, took up the study of theology, and was ordained priest 27 December 1823.

In 1835 he was made dean of the cathedral and vicar-general by the successor of Bishop Sailer. His knowledge of modern languages and his administrative ability, together with his understanding of the interior life and his ascetical character, paved the way for his elevation to the episcopal See of Breslau, to which he was elected on 15 January 1845. He at first declined the honor, but finally accepted out of obedience to the mandate of Pope Gregory XVI.

From the beginning of his reign he was called to face difficult problems and momentous political events. There was famine in Upper Silesia. The Revolution of 1848 showed him one of the most loyal supporters of government, law, and order. The pastoral letter which he issued on this occasion was, by order of the king, read in all the Protestant churches of the realm. He devoted his energies to the training of the clergy, opened a preparatory seminary, and improved the conditions of the higher seminary. He was a watchful guardian of ecclesiastical discipline and, when necessary, employed severe measures to enforce it. He reintroduced retreats for the priests and missions for the people.

In 1849 he was appointed Apostolic delegate for the Prussian army. He was created cardinal in the consistory of 20 September 1850, and received the purple 4 November. This event gave occasion to one of the most magnificent public demonstrations ever witnessed in Germany. It was soon followed by the cardinal's death from disease.

His will bequeathed his estate to his diocese. In personal appearance he was of dignified presence, but pleasant and affable to all.

## Works

He was a noted preacher and poet. His principal publications are: "Spiritual Bouquet, Gathered in Spanish and German Gardens of Poesy" (Sulzbach, 1826); "Life and Writings of Heinrich Suso" (Ratisbon, 1829); "Sermons" (Ratisbon, 1841); "Pastoral Letters" (Munster, 1853); "Personal Letters" (Frankfort, 1860).

German composer Georgina Schubert (1840-1878) used his text for her lieder “Wiegenlied.”

* Chowanetz, Life of Cardinal von Diepenbrock (Osnabruck, 1853)
* Forster, Life of Cardinal von Diepenbrock (Ratisbon, 1859)
* Cardinal von Diepenbrock (Bonn, 1878)
* Karker in Kirchenlexikon

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Melchior, Baron (Freiherr) von Diepenbrock". *Catholic Encyclopedia*. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

## InfoBox

| His Eminence, Freiherr
Melchior von Diepenbrock | |
| --- | --- |
| Prince-Bishop of Breslau | |
|  | |
| Diocese | Breslau |
| See | Breslau |
| Appointed | 21 April 1845 |
| Installed | 8 June 1845 |
| Term ended | 20 January 1853 |
| Predecessor | Joseph Knauer |
| Successor | Heinrich Ernst Karl Förster |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 27 December 1823 |
| Consecration | 8 June 1845
by Friedrich Johann Joseph Cölestin zu Cardinal von Schwarzenberg |
| Created cardinal | 30 September 1850
by Pope Pius IX |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1798-01-06)6 January 1798
Bocholt in Westphalia |
| Died | 20 January 1853(1853-01-20) (aged 55)
Castle of Johannesberg |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| Coat of arms |  |


title: White-naped swift

abstract: The white-naped swift is the largest representative of the swift family in the New World and one of the two largest species in the world. Only the purple needletail of Asia may be slightly larger. This bird is found principally in western and central Mexico, with one record on the Guatemalan border. This species is essentially a bird of wild highland landscapes, where it favors cliff faces, deep river gorges and high crags. Its main habitats are pine-oak forests, tropical deciduous forests and second-growth scrub. This swift is usually found at an elevation of 1,500 to 3,000 m and, much more rarely, down to sea level. The white-naped swift is huge for a swift, measuring 20.5–25 cm (8.1–9.8 in) long, being some 20% larger than its more common and much more widespread cousin, the white-collared swift. Weight in the species can vary from 115 to 225 g with a reported average weight of 175 g (6.2 oz). The adults are brown-black, glossed blue on the back, and have a white crescent on the nape. The tail is fairly squared off, but can be held in a minorly notched way when flying. The more widespread white-collared swift is similar, sometimes measuring nearly as large. The white-collar, however, has a complete white collar and has a strongly notched tail. This is a gregarious species, with breeding colonies sometimes including up to 200 individuals. It has been observed roosting alongside several other species of swift as well. Breeding colonies often forage together to several miles away from the breeding site. It has a powerful, fast and direct flight, and will ascent thermals to great heights. White-naped swifts feeds in flight on a variety of flying insects, including beetles, bees and flying ants. The nest is typically a shallow depression in dry sand, usually lacking any materials or saliva, although they are apparently picky about the consistency of the soil used. The nests have usually been found in caves, with the nest located on ledges off the main chamber. Two white eggs are laid. The details of brooding behavior are not known. This swift is normally silent when seen solitary and noisy when encountered in a group. The call is described as cree-cree-cree. The call is delivered both while in flight and while perched on the walls of the nesting cave.

text:
# White-naped swift

The **white-naped swift** (***Streptoprocne semicollaris***) is the largest representative of the swift family in the New World and one of the two largest species in the world. Only the purple needletail of Asia may be slightly larger. This bird is found principally in western and central Mexico, with one record on the Guatemalan border.

This species is essentially a bird of wild highland landscapes, where it favors cliff faces, deep river gorges and high crags. Its main habitats are pine-oak forests, tropical deciduous forests and second-growth scrub. This swift is usually found at an elevation of 1,500 to 3,000 m (4,900 to 9,800 ft) and, much more rarely, down to sea level.

The white-naped swift is huge for a swift, measuring 20.5–25 cm (8.1–9.8 in) long, being some 20% larger than its more common and much more widespread cousin, the white-collared swift. Weight in the species can vary from 115 to 225 g (4.1 to 7.9 oz) with a reported average weight of 175 g (6.2 oz). The adults are brown-black, glossed blue on the back, and have a white crescent on the nape. The tail is fairly squared off, but can be held in a minorly notched way when flying. The more widespread white-collared swift is similar, sometimes measuring nearly as large. The white-collar, however, has a complete white collar (whereas the White-nape has no white on the underside) and has a strongly notched tail.

This is a gregarious species, with breeding colonies sometimes including up to 200 individuals. It has been observed roosting alongside several other species of swift as well. Breeding colonies often forage together to several miles away from the breeding site. It has a powerful, fast and direct flight, and will ascent thermals to great heights. White-naped swifts feeds in flight on a variety of flying insects, including beetles, bees and flying ants.

The nest is typically a shallow depression (made by the parents) in dry sand, usually lacking any materials or saliva, although they are apparently picky about the consistency of the soil used. The nests have usually been found in caves, with the nest located on ledges off the main chamber. Two white eggs are laid. The details of brooding behavior are not known.

This swift is normally silent when seen solitary and noisy when encountered in a group. The call is described as *cree-cree-cree*. The call is delivered both while in flight and while perched on the walls of the nesting cave.

## InfoBox

| White-naped swift | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| *Clade*: | Strisores |
| Order: | Apodiformes |
| Family: | Apodidae |
| Genus: | *Streptoprocne* |
| Species: | ***S. semicollaris*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Streptoprocne semicollaris***
(de Saussure, HLF, 1859) | |
|
|  | |


title: Features new to Windows 11

text:
# Features new to Windows 11

Windows 11 is the current major release of Microsoft's Windows NT operating system. Released on October 5, 2021, Windows 11 succeeds the previous major release, Windows 10.

Major updates introduced with the product include a redesigned user interface, new productivity and collaboration features, and updates to security and accessibility.

As a current release, the operating system receives annual feature enhancements, such as the addition of artificial intelligence features like Microsoft Copilot which launched in 2023.

## Windows Shell

* **Fluent Design System:** Updates the Fluent Design System, a design language introduced by Microsoft in 2017, are featured in Windows 11. According to Microsoft, the design of Windows 11 is "effortless, calm, personal, familiar, complete, and coherent." The redesign focuses on simplicity, ease of use, and flexibility, addressing some of the deficiencies of Windows 10. Most interfaces in Windows 11 feature rounded geometry, refreshed iconography, new typography, and a refreshed color palette. In addition, translucency and shadows are made more prevalent throughout the system. Windows 11 also introduces "Mica", a new opaque Material that is tinted with the color of the desktop wallpaper.
* **Start Menu:** The Start menu has been significantly redesigned in Windows 11, adhering to the principles of the updated Fluent Design System. The menu has now been moved to the center by default, with an option to move it back to the left side. The Live Tiles feature introduced in Windows 8 is replaced by a set of pinned apps and a new cloud-powered "Recommended" section that shows recently opened files and documents from any location, including a PC, a smartphone, and OneDrive. The new Start menu also includes a search box.
* **Taskbar:** The Taskbar has also been center-aligned, and now includes new animations for pinning, rearranging, minimizing, and switching apps on the Taskbar. The buttons can still be moved to the left-hand corner as in Windows 10.
* **Notification Center & Quick Settings:** The Action Center from Windows 10 has been replaced by a Notification Center and a Quick Settings menu, both accessible from the lower-right corner of the Taskbar. The Notification Center contains all the user's notifications and a full-month calendar, while the Quick Settings menu lets the user manage common PC settings quickly and easily like Volume, Brightness, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and Focus Assist. Directly above the Quick Settings menu, the user can see media playback information when watching a video on platforms such as YouTube, or when listening to music in apps like Spotify.
* **File Explorer:** The File Explorer on Windows 11 has been refreshed with the Fluent Design System and the Ribbon interface has been replaced with a new command bar with a revamped user interface and a Mica background. It also introduces revamped context menus with rounded corners, larger text, and Acrylic. App developers will also be able to extend the new context menus.
* **Themes:** In addition to new default themes on Windows 11 for both Light and Dark mode, it also includes four new additional themes. Windows 11 also adds new high-contrast themes for people with visual impairments.
* **Sounds:** Windows 11 introduces a new set of system sounds. The sounds are slightly different depending on whether the theme is set to light or dark mode. In addition, a new Windows startup sound replaces the one used since Windows Vista.
* **Widgets:** Windows 11 adds a new taskbar flyout named "Widgets", which displays a panel with Microsoft Start, a news aggregator with personalized stories and content (expanding upon the "news and interests" panel introduced in later builds of Windows 10). The user can customize the panel by adding or removing widgets, rearranging, resizing, and personalizing the content.

## User interface (UI) improvements

* Windows 11 updates several system dialog boxes such as the alert for when the battery is running low.
* The taskbar previews have been updated to reflect Windows 11's new visual design.
* The hidden icons flyout on the lower-right corner of the taskbar has also been redesigned to match Windows 11's visuals.

## Multitasking

* **Snap Layouts:** Users can now hover over a window's maximize button to view available snap layouts, and then click a zone to snap the window. They will then be guided to snap windows to the rest of the zones within the layout using a guided snap assist. There is a set of four available snap layouts on smaller screens.
* **Snap Groups:** Snap groups are a way to easily switch back to a set of snapped windows, which are stored in the grouped app's taskbar icons.
* **Virtual Desktops:** Virtual desktops can be accessed via the Task View feature on the Taskbar. Users can reorder and customize the background for each of their desktops. They can also hover over the Task View button on the Taskbar to quickly access their desktops or to create a new one.
* **Docking:** When the user undocks a laptop, the windows on the monitor will be minimized, and when the laptop is redocked to a monitor, Windows will put everything where it was before.

## Input

* **Touch Keyboard:** Windows 11 introduces thirteen new themes to customize the touch keyboard, including 3 hardware-matching themes that match the Surface keyboard colors. It also adds a new theme engine that allows the user to create a custom theme using background images. In addition, Windows 11 adds the ability to resize the touch keyboard.
* **Voice Typing:** Windows 11 includes a new voice typing launcher to easily start voice typing in a selected field. It is turned off by default, but it can be turned on in Settings and placed in any area of the screen.
* **Touch Improvements:** Windows 11 also features an improvement to touch-based interactions. Tablet mode is removed; instead, Windows will automatically adapt when needed. New and improved gestures can be used on tablets and touchscreens. App windows now have larger touch targets and will automatically arrange themselves in split view when the screen is rotated. Windows 11 seems to be optimized for desktops and tablets without combining the two like Windows 8 and Windows 10 did.
* **Pen Menu:** For digital pen users, a new pen menu has been added, which is accessible by clicking the pen icon on the taskbar. By default, it contains two apps that can be customized by clicking the gear icon and selecting "Edit pen menu". In the flyout, users can add up to four of their favorite drawing or writing apps to the pen menu to open them quickly when using a pen.
* **Language and Input Switcher:** A switcher that will show up next to the Quick Settings menu allows the user to switch languages and keyboard layouts. Users can press the Windows + Spacebar keyboard shortcut to toggle between input methods.

## Display improvements

## Windows Subsystem for Android (WSA)

Windows 11 allows users to install and run Android apps on their devices using the new Windows Subsystem for Android (WSA) and the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). This runs with Intel Bridge Technology, a runtime post-compiler that enables apps written for other architectures to run on x86. These apps can be obtained from the Microsoft Store via the Amazon Appstore, or through other sources.

On March 5, 2024, Microsoft announced the termination of this feature in the updated support document of WSA: "As a result, the Amazon Appstore on Windows and all applications and games dependent on WSA will no longer be supported beginning March 5, 2025. Until then, technical support will remain available to customers".

## Windows 11 on Arm

In Windows 11 on Arm, CHPE is replaced by ARM64EC (Emulation Compatible), a superset of ARM64 which combines ARM64 and x86 code (32-bit and 64-bit), allowing apps to be incrementally transition from emulated to native. Arm64X binaries were also introduced to support classic Arm64 code and Arm64EC code together. Windows 11 added support for OpenCL 1.2 via CLon12 and OpenGL 3.3 via GLon12, open source OpenCL and OpenGL implementations on top DirectX 12 via Mesa Gallium. Version 22H2 updated the .NET Framework adding native ARM64 support. Version 23H2 added support for vTPM in Hyper-V.

## Bundled software

* **Microsoft Store**, which serves as a unified storefront for apps and other content, is also redesigned in Windows 11. Microsoft now allows developers to distribute Windows API, progressive web applications, and other packaging technologies in the Microsoft Store, alongside the standard Universal Windows Platform apps. The new Microsoft Store will also enable users to install Android apps onto their devices via the Amazon Appstore. This feature will require a Microsoft account, an Amazon account, and a one-time install for Windows Amazon Appstore client.
* **Microsoft Teams:** This collaboration platform is directly integrated into Windows 11. Skype is no longer bundled with the OS. Teams will appear as an icon in the Windows taskbar, letting users message and call their contacts instantly.
* **Settings:** The app has been redesigned to be visually pleasing and easy to use in Windows 11. It has a left-handed navigation that persists between pages, and it adds breadcrumbs as the user navigates deeper into the settings to help them know where they are and to not get lost. The Settings app also includes brand new pages, with new controls at the top that highlight key information and frequently used settings for the user to adjust to their content. These new controls span across several category pages like System, Bluetooth & devices, Personalization, Accounts and Windows Update. It also adds expandable boxes for pages with many settings.
* **Snipping Tool:** In Windows 11, both the legacy Snipping Tool and newer Snip & Sketch apps have been replaced by a new Snipping Tool app with the combined functionality of both apps. It includes a new user interface similar to the legacy Snipping Tool with extra features like the Windows + Shift + S keyboard shortcut from Snip & Sketch and richer editing. Windows 11 also introduces a new Settings page for the Snipping Tool. In addition, the new Snipping Tool adds support for dark mode.
* **Calculator:** Like the Snipping Tool, Calculator includes a new app theme setting. The Calculator has been completely rewritten in C# and includes several new features.
* **Mail and Calendar:** These apps have been updated with a new visual style. They include rounded corners and other adjustments to make them look and feel more inclusive on Windows 11.
* **Photos:** The Photos app has been updated with a new viewing experience, editing features, Fluent Design, WinUI controls, rounded corners, and more. Photos app, which would be set up as the default image viewer in Windows 11, will allow users to explore collections, albums, and folders. The Collection feature remains unchanged, and it will show the most recent photos and screenshots, organized in proper order by date. Albums are also generated automatically using Microsoft's UI technology, but users can always customize the experience with their own albums. The Photos app also introduces a floating menu with new editing controls and will let users compare up to four pictures at once.
* **Tips:** Windows 11 introduces a refreshed Tips app with a new look and additional UI updates. It comes with over 100 new tips to get started with Windows 11 or to learn new things.
* **Paint:** One of the oldest Windows apps, which remained unchanged since Windows 7, has been given an updated user interface with rounded corners and the Mica material for Windows 11. The most prominent change to Paint is a new simplified toolbar, a rounded color palette, and a new set of drop-down menus. AI features have also been introduced, including background removal and an ability to generate images from text descriptions using DALL-E technology.
* Notepad and Voice Recorder also feature refreshed interfaces. These apps now feature designs adhering to the Fluent Design principles.
* The Microsoft Office apps have been redesigned to align with Fluent Design.
* Windows 11 also features a new Media Player app, which acts as a replacement for Windows 10's Groove Music app.
* **Xbox app**: An updated Xbox app is bundled with Windows 11. Features such as Xbox Cloud Gaming and Xbox Game Pass are integrated directly into the app.

## Security and performance

Microsoft promoted performance improvements such as smaller update sizes, faster web browsing in "any browser", faster wake time from sleep mode, and faster Windows Hello authentication.

As part of the minimum system requirements, Windows 11 only officially supports devices with a Trusted Platform Module 2.0 security coprocessor. According to Microsoft, TPM 2.0 is a "critical building block" for protection against firmware and hardware attacks. In addition, Microsoft now requires devices with Windows 11 to include Virtualization-Based Security (VBS), Hypervisor-Protected Code Integrity (HVCI), and Secure Boot built-in and enabled by default. The operating system also features hardware-enforced stack protection for supported Intel and AMD processors for protection against zero-day exploits. Windows 11 Home SKUs require an Internet connection and a Microsoft account for first-time setup.


title: Osborne baronets

abstract: There have been three baronetcies created for persons with the surname Osborne, two in the baronetage of England and one in the baronetage of Ireland. Two creations are extant. The Osborne baronetcy, of Kiveton in the County of York, was created in the Baronetage of England on 13 July 1620. For more information on this creation, see the Duke of Leeds. The Osborne, later Osborn baronetcy, of Chicksands in the County of Bedford, was created in the Baronetage of England on 11 February 1662. For more information on this creation, see Osborn baronets. The Osborne baronetcy, of Ballentaylor and Ballylemon in County Waterford, was created in the Baronetage of Ireland on 15 October 1629 for Richard Osborne. The second and seventh baronets represented County Waterford in the Irish House of Commons, the eighth Baronet represented Carysfort while the eleventh baronet sat in Parliament for Carysfort and Enniskillen. The eleventh baronet voted against the Act of Union in 1799 in order to retain Ireland's independence from Great Britain and voted against it again in 1800 before the legislation was finally enacted. The former British Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, is heir apparent to his family's Irish baronetcy; the former family seat was Newtown Anner House, County Tipperary.

text:
# Osborne baronets

There have been three **baronetcies** created for persons with the surname **Osborne**, two in the baronetage of England and one in the baronetage of Ireland. Two creations are extant.

The **Osborne baronetcy**, of Kiveton in the County of York, was created in the Baronetage of England on 13 July 1620. For more information on this creation, see the Duke of Leeds.

The **Osborne**, later **Osborn baronetcy**, of Chicksands in the County of Bedford, was created in the Baronetage of England on 11 February 1662. For more information on this creation, see Osborn baronets.

The **Osborne baronetcy**, of Ballentaylor and Ballylemon in County Waterford, was created in the Baronetage of Ireland on 15 October 1629 for Richard Osborne. The second and seventh baronets represented County Waterford in the Irish House of Commons, the eighth Baronet represented Carysfort while the eleventh baronet sat in Parliament for Carysfort and Enniskillen. The eleventh baronet voted against the Act of Union in 1799 in order to retain Ireland's independence from Great Britain and voted against it again in 1800 before the legislation was finally enacted. The former British Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, is heir apparent to his family's Irish baronetcy; the former family seat was Newtown Anner House, County Tipperary.

## Osborne baronets, of Kiveton (1620)

## Osborne, *later* Osborn baronets, of Chicksands (1662)

## Osborne baronets, of Ballintaylor and Ballylemon (1629)

The heir apparent is the present holder's eldest son George Osborne, who is the former chancellor of the exchequer. The heir-in-line is George Osborne's only legitimate son, Luke Benedict Osborne (born 2001).

| Line of succession: Osborne of Ballintaylor and Ballylemon Baronets |
| --- |
| * *Sir Richard Osborne of Ballintaylor and Ballylemon, 1st Baronet (d. b. 1667)*     + *Sir Richard Osborne, 2nd Baronet (d. 1685)*         - *Sir John Osborne, 3rd Baronet (d. 1713)*         - *Sir Richard Osborne, 4th Baronet (1713)*     + *Nicholas Osborne (d. 1695/6)*         - *Sir Thomas Osborne, 5th Baronet (d. 1715)*             * *Nicholas Osborne (d. 1714)*                 + *Sir John Osborne, 7th Baronet (d. 1743)*                     - *Rt. Hon. Sir William Osborne, 8th Baronet (d. 1783)*                         * *Sir Thomas Osborne, 9th Baronet (1757—1821)*                             + *Sir William Osborne, 10th Baronet (1817—1824)*                         * *Sir Henry Osborne, 11th Baronet (a. 1758—1837)*                             + *Sir Daniel Toler Osborne, 12th Baronet (1783—1853)*                                 - *Sir William Osborne, 13th Baronet (1805—1875)*                                 - *Sir Charles Stanley Osborne, 14th Baronet (1825—1879)*                             + *Charles Osborne (1816—1871)*                                 - *Sir Francis Osborne, 15th Baronet (1856—1948)*                                     * *Sir George Francis Osborne, 16th Baronet (1894—1960)*                                         + **Sir Peter George Osborne, 17th Baronet** (born 1943)                                             - **(1)** *Rt. Hon.* George Gideon Oliver Osborne, CH (b. 1971)                                                 * **(2)** Luke Benedict Osborne (b. 2001)                                             - **(3)** Benedict George Osborne (b. 1973)                                             - **(4)** Adam Peter Osborne (b. 1976)                                             - **(5)** Theo Grantley Osborne (b. 1985)                                         + **(6)** James Francis Osborne (b. 1946)                                             - **(7)** Harry Lucas Osborne (b. 1988)                                 - *Edward Osborne (1861—1939)*                                     * *Stanley Patrick Osborne (1904—1989)*                                         + **(8)** Anthony Trevor Osborne (b. 1934)                                             - **(9)** Marcus Duncan Fitzwilliam Osborne (b. 1967)                                         + *Edward Peter Osborne (1938—2002)*                                             - **(10)** John Philip Osborne (b. 1963) |

Coat of arms of Osborne of Ballentaylor and Ballylemon
|  | CrestA sea lion sejant proper holding the dexter paw a trident sable, headed or Escutcheon*Gules, on a fess or cotised argent two fountains proper, over all a bend of the last* Motto*Pax in bello* ("Peace in war") Other elementsRed Hand of Ulster |
| --- | --- |


title: Rave Cinemas

abstract: Rave Cinemas, formerly known as "Rave Motion Pictures", is a movie theater brand founded in 1999 and owned by Cinemark Theatres. It previously was headed by Thomas W. Stephenson, Jr., former CEO of Hollywood Theaters, and Rolando B. Rodriguez, former Vice President and Regional General Manager for Walmart in Illinois and northern Indiana. The chain was headquartered in Dallas, Texas until it was acquired by Plano-based Cinemark Theatres.

text:
# Rave Cinemas

**Rave Cinemas**, formerly known as "Rave Motion Pictures", is a movie theater brand founded in 1999 and owned by Cinemark Theatres. It previously was headed by Thomas W. Stephenson, Jr., former CEO of Hollywood Theaters, and Rolando B. Rodriguez, former Vice President and Regional General Manager for Walmart in Illinois and northern Indiana. The chain was headquartered in Dallas, Texas until it was acquired by Plano-based Cinemark Theatres.

## Company history

Rave Cinemas, LLC was formed in late 2009 by TowerBrook Capital Partners and investors Lambert Media Group and Charles B Moss, Jr. Rave Cinemas then acquired four properties, corporate infrastructure, and leadership, and the Rave Motion Pictures brand from Boston Ventures owned Rave Reviews Cinemas, LLC (RRC).

RRC continues to own 21 other properties which will operate under the "Rave Motion Pictures" branding under a management services agreement with Rave Cinemas, LLC. Concurrently with the RRC acquisition, Rave Cinemas, LLC, purchased the business operations and real estate of 35 properties owned by National Amusements, Inc. (NAI), parent company of Viacom and CBS Corporation. The former NAI assets were rebranded "Rave Motion Pictures" in the second quarter of 2010.

In October 2012, Rave Reviews Cinemas, LLC, signed an agreement to sell 16 theaters with 251 screens to Carmike Cinemas for $19 million in cash and $100.4 million of assumed lease obligations. Of the 16 theaters being acquired, six are in Alabama, four in Florida, two in Indiana, and one each in Illinois, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Texas. Before the sale Rave owned or managed 62 theaters and 939 screens located in 21 states across the country.

In November 2012, Cinemark entered into an agreement to purchase 32 Rave Cinemas locations for $240 million. The sale is subject to antitrust approval. Only two locations were to remain under the Rave Cinemas umbrella after the Cinemark sale was completed, however there was much speculation within the industry that these remaining two locations will either be sold or shuttered.

On November 27, 2012, AMC Theatres entered into an agreement to purchase four Rave Review Cinemas, LLC theaters not purchased by Carmike Cinemas, Cinemark, or Starplex. Of the four theaters being acquired, two were in Louisiana, and one each in Alabama and Florida.

On January 4, 2013, AMC Theatres entered into another agreement to purchase six more Rave Cinemas theaters not purchased by Carmike Cinemas, Cinemark or Starplex. Of the six theaters being acquired, two were in Ohio, one in North Carolina, one in Nevada, one in Nebraska and one in California.

On May 10, 2013, Starplex Cinemas bought the Berlin 12 located in Kensington, CT from Rave Cinemas.

On May 29, 2013, the sale of Rave Cinemas to Cinemark Theatres was completed. Cinemark was also required to sell the Rave Stonybrook 20 + IMAX theater in Louisville, Kentucky, the Rave Ritz Center 16 in southern New Jersey, and either the Rave Hickory Creek 16 in Hickory Creek, Texas or the Cinemark 14 in Denton, Texas due to the purchase of Rave Cinemas. In addition, Cinemark's chairman Lee Roy Mitchell was also required to sell the Movie Tavern Inc. to Southern Theatres. Some former Rave locations now have the Cinemark branding.

On July 18, 2013, Carmike Cinemas announced that they will be buying the Stonybrook 20 & IMAX, Ritz Center 16 and the Hickory Creek 16 theatres from Rave Cinemas, a division of Cinemark. Cinemark kept the Cinemark 14 in Denton, Texas. With this change, Hickory Creek will remain with Screenvision. Louisville KY and Voorhees NJ will switch to Screenvision from National CineMedia. Because Cinemark retained the Denton location, it remained with National CineMedia. The sale was closed on August 16, 2013.

On September 12, 2013, Southern Theatres announced that they acquired the Movie Tavern from Lee Roy Mitchell after he was required to sell the Movie Tavern after Cinemark bought Rave Cinemas on May 29, 2013. As a result, Cinemark opened their own dinner-and-a-movie theatres called Movie Bistro. This concept was launched in August 2013 and is currently at four Cinemark locations in Colorado, Louisiana, and Texas. The Movie Tavern will remain a brand of Southern Theatres. As part of Southern Theatres' long-term deal with National CineMedia, the Movie Tavern switched from Screenvision to National CineMedia in June 2014. As of December 2016, AMC now owns those former Carmike theatres, some of which are now AMC branded.

The company also owned "Rave Digital Media" along with Continental Retail Development, with headquarters in Columbus, Ohio, and operated six properties under the "Rave Digital Media" brand. The Rave Digital Media brand was sold to AMC Theatres on January 4, 2013.

## Amenities and features

Most theaters features multiple concession stands, arcade games, online and kiosk ticketing, and a futuristic environment with special lighting, LCD menu and film trailer displays, and some have a stylized special event room.

Every auditorium in Rave built theaters features the following:

* DLP Cinema Projection
* DTS digital surround sound
* Stadium seating
* Reclining seat backs
* Oversized luxury reclining seats
* Retractable arm rests / cup holders / tray tables
* 18 inch rise to each row (to promote clear line-of-sight)
* 48 inches of excess space between each row (to add additional leg room)

In addition, large auditoriums often feature two-floor exits with central seating for patrons with physical disabilities and elevator access. Several of the theaters are also equipped with Real D 3D cinema systems. Each newly opened building is completely digital in picture and sound.

Properties acquired from National Amusements may not have all of the features or designs listed above.

## Rave and Christie Digital

In June 2006, Rave Motion Pictures announced a partnership with Christie/AIX to install 445 digital cinema systems in its theaters. Several Rave theaters (including theaters in Peoria, Illinois and Huntsville, Alabama) already have Christie systems installed; a full conversion of existing theaters was completed in August 2007.

When Rave Cinemas acquired some theaters from National Amusements in late 2009 and early 2010, they used Barco projectors instead of Christie. With Rave Cinemas now owned by Cinemark, the Christie projectors will be removed and replaced with Barco projectors. At AMC Theatres, the Christie projectors (Barco projectors at Grove City 14) were removed and replaced by Sony 4K Digital Cinema except for the largest screens. At Carmike in Hickory Creek, Texas, the Christie projectors will be kept. At Carmike in Louisville, Kentucky and Voorhees, New Jersey, the Barco projectors will be removed and replaced with Christie.

*

## InfoBox

Rave Cinemas, LLC
|
|  |
| Company type | Private (1999–2013)
Brand (2013–present) |
| Industry | EntertainmentTheaters |
| Founded | Dallas, Texas, USA
1999 (1999) |
| Founder | Thomas W. Stevenson, Jr. |
| Headquarters | Plano, Texas, US |
| Key people |  |
| Parent | Cinemark Theatres (2013–present) |


title: Jeannette Escanilla

abstract: Jeannette Escanilla Diaz is a Swedish politician and former member of the Riksdag, the national legislature. A member of the Left Party, she represented Uppsala County between June 2018 and September 2018. Escanilla was president of the Ship to Gaza foundation. She was part of the Women's Boat to Gaza crew aboard the Zaytouna-Olivia that tried to break the Israeli naval blockade of the Gaza Strip in October 2016 but were intercepted by the Israelis in international waters and taken to Ashdod in Israel before being deported.

text:
# Jeannette Escanilla

**Jeannette Escanilla Diaz** (born 1961) is a Swedish politician and former member of the Riksdag, the national legislature. A member of the Left Party, she represented Uppsala County between June 2018 and September 2018.

Escanilla was president of the Ship to Gaza foundation. She was part of the Women's Boat to Gaza crew aboard the *Zaytouna-Olivia* that tried to break the Israeli naval blockade of the Gaza Strip in October 2016 but were intercepted by the Israelis in international waters and taken to Ashdod in Israel before being deported.

## InfoBox

| Jeannette Escanilla | |
| --- | --- |
| Escanilla (far right) at the Stockholm Pride in August 2014 | |
|  | |
| Member of the Riksdag | |
| **In office**<br>7 June 2018  24 September 2018 | |
| Preceded by | Emma Wallrup |
| Constituency | Uppsala County |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1961 (age 6263) |
| Political party | Left Party |
|  | |


title: Yankee Hill, Butte County, California

abstract: Yankee Hill is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Butte County, California. It is located 6.5 miles (10.5 km) east-southeast of Paradise, at an elevation of 1982 feet. The population was 333 at the 2010 census.

text:
# Yankee Hill, Butte County, California

**Yankee Hill** (formerly, **Rich Gulch** and **Spanishtown**) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Butte County, California. It is located 6.5 miles (10.5 km) east-southeast of Paradise, at an elevation of 1982 feet (604 ). The population was 333 at the 2010 census.

## History

Rich Gulch was settled in 1850. When Chilean and Spanish miners arrived in the 1850s, the place was renamed to Spanishtown. New Englanders settled later, applying the current name. A post office operated at Yankee Hill from 1858 to 1951. A modern-day post office is still in operation at the Pines Hardware Store, 11300A Miller Flat Rd. in Yankee Hill.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | 260 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census
2010 | | | |

Yankee Hill first appeared as a census designated place in the 2010 U.S. Census.

At the 2010 census Yankee Hill had a population of 333. The population density was 54.9 inhabitants per square mile (21.2/km2). The racial makeup of Yankee Hill was 305 (91.6%) White, 2 (0.6%) African American, 7 (2.1%) Native American, 4 (1.2%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 5 (1.5%) from other races, and 10 (3.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 22 people (6.6%).

The whole population lived in households, no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and no one was institutionalized.

There were 155 households, 21 (13.5%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 71 (45.8%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 14 (9.0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 11 (7.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 16 (10.3%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 1 (0.6%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 45 households (29.0%) were one person and 20 (12.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.15. There were 96 families (61.9% of households); the average family size was 2.53.

The age distribution was 33 people (9.9%) under the age of 18, 18 people (5.4%) aged 18 to 24, 59 people (17.7%) aged 25 to 44, 140 people (42.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 83 people (24.9%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 53.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.1 males.

There were 182 housing units at an average density of 30.0 per square mile (11.6/km2),of which 155 were occupied, 125 (80.6%) by the owners and 30 (19.4%) by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.6%; the rental vacancy rate was 8.8%. 268 people (80.5% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 65 people (19.5%) lived in rental housing units.

## InfoBox

| Yankee Hill, California | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Yankee Hill, CaliforniaLocation in California | |
| Coordinates: 39°42′13″N 121°31′20″W / 39.70361°N 121.52222°W / 39.70361; -121.52222 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | California |
| County | Butte County |
| Area | |
| Total | 6.063 sq mi (15.703 km2) |
| Land | 6.061 sq mi (15.698 km2) |
| Water | 0.002 sq mi (0.005 km2)  0.03% |
| Elevation | 1,982 ft (604 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 260 |
| Density | 43/sq mi (17/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-8 (Pacific (PST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-7 (PDT) |
| GNIS feature IDs | 1656414; 2612489 |
| U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Yankee Hill, Butte County, California; U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Yankee Hill, Butte County, California | |


title: Reliance Broadcasting Unlimited

abstract: Reliance Broadcasting Unlimited (RBU) is a Filipino media and telecommunications firm in the Philippines. An affiliate of telecommunications company Converge ICT, RBU used to be owned an FM station (DWDU) in Clark, Pampanga, and a regional/community channel in Central Luzon.

text:
# Reliance Broadcasting Unlimited

**Reliance Broadcasting Unlimited** (RBU) is a Filipino media and telecommunications firm in the Philippines. An affiliate of telecommunications company Converge ICT, RBU used to be owned an FM station (DWDU) in Clark, Pampanga, and a regional/community channel in Central Luzon (PEP TV).

## History

### Congressional franchise

On July 29, 2012, the Congressional franchise of RBU was enacted into law as Republic Act 10178.

Republic Act 10178 grants RBU a franchise to construct, install, establish, operate and maintain for commercial purposes and in the public interest, radio and/ or television broadcasting stations in the Philippines, where frequencies and/or channels are still available for radio and/or television broadcasting, including digital radio and television system, through microwave, satellite or whatever means, including the use of any new technology that may hereafter or in the future developed in the field of radio and television broadcasting, with the corresponding technological auxiliaries and facilities, special broadcast and other program and distribution services and relay stations for 25 years.

### Early years

RBU began its operations in 2013 when the ownership of FM station DWDU in Clark, Pampanga was transferred from its previous owner Information Broadcast Unlimited. It also took over the operations of the regional/community cable channel PEP TV from ACCTN.

### Venturing into satellite TV service

In July 2024, RBU began entering its new business venture after the National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) has given RBU to operate a direct-to-home (DTH) satellite TV service. RBU has signed a partnership with South Korea-based telecommunications service provider KT SAT to operate DTH satellite services via Koreasat 7 transponder satellite. It is yet to announce the launch its own satellite TV service.

## InfoBox

Reliance Broadcasting Unlimited
| Company type | Private |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Mass media
Telecommunications |
| Founded | 2012 (2012) |
| Headquarters | Pampanga, Philippines |
| Area served | Philippines |
| Key people | Frank Martin Abalos (President) |
| Products | Broadcasting
Satellite television |
| Owner | Converge ICT (co-affiliate) |


title: Melanella atlantica

abstract: Melanella atlantica is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae. The species is one of many species known to exist within the genus, Melanella.

text:
# Melanella atlantica

***Melanella atlantica*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae. The species is one of many species known to exist within the genus, *Melanella*.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the following locations:

## InfoBox

| *Melanella atlantica* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Family: | Eulimidae |
| Genus: | *Melanella* |
| Species: | ***M. atlantica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Melanella atlantica***<br>E. A. Smith, 1890 | |
|


title: Meigs County Historical Museum

abstract: The Meigs County Historical Museum is located on Smith Avenue in Decatur, Tennessee and is owned and operated by the Meigs County Historical Society. The groundbreaking for this new site was in July 2002. The museum houses many county court and family records. On permanent display is a mural depicting Main Street in Decatur in the 1930s. The mural was funded by grants from the Tennessee Arts Commission and the VEC Customershares program, and painted by Bill McDonald, a local artist.

text:
# Meigs County Historical Museum

The **Meigs County Historical Museum** is located on Smith Avenue in Decatur, Tennessee and is owned and operated by the Meigs County Historical Society. The groundbreaking for this new site was in July 2002. The museum houses many county court and family records. On permanent display is a mural depicting Main Street in Decatur in the 1930s. The mural was funded by grants from the Tennessee Arts Commission and the VEC Customershares program, and painted by Bill McDonald, a local artist.

## Quilt

In 1985, the Meigs County Family and Community Education ("FCE") Club began a large quilt to commemorate the early history of Meigs County, for a state project, the Tennessee "Homecoming 1986." The quilt includes images of fourteen sites representing the early history of Meigs County. The central quilt design, including a map of the area to locate the various sites represented, was created by Flossie Bennett, a longtime leader of the FCE. A committee of representatives from Ten Mile, Peakland, Concord, Goodfield, and Decatur, decided which sites would be included in the quilt. The sites chosen were the Elisha Sharp House (also known as the Sharp-Wasson-Worth House, c. 1825), the Stewart House (1830), the R.H. Johnson Stable, the Mount Zion church and Cemetery (1830), Zeigler's Mill (1850, previously 'Gettys Mill'), the Washington Ferry (1808), the Pisah Church (1818), the old gymnasium (c. 1822), the old Meigs County Courthouse (1904), the old Volunteer Electric Cooperative Building (1935), the Ashley House (1885), and the Sam Eaves Store (c. 1861). Nell Jeannette Fields Worth also insisted that images of Hereford cattle be included throughout the quilt, since Meigs County is noted for its beef cattle. The quilt was awarded the "Best Original Design" at the McMinn County Living Heritage Museum's Quilt Show. The quilt initially was displayed at the Meigs-Decatur Public Library, and as of 2010, now hangs in the Meigs County Historical Museum.

## InfoBox

Meigs County Historical Museum
| Location within Tennessee | |
| --- | --- |
| Established | 2002 (2002) |
| Location | 200 Smith Ave<br>Decatur, Tennessee, United States |
| Coordinates | 35°30′57″N 84°47′19″W / 35.515957°N 84.788658°W / 35.515957; -84.788658 |
| Type | History museum |
| Owner | Meigs County Historical Society |
| Website | www.meigscohistoricalmuseum.org |


title: White-naped lory

abstract: The white-naped lory is a monotypic species of parrot in the family Psittaculidae.

text:
# White-naped lory

The **white-naped lory** (***Lorius albidinucha***) is a monotypic species of parrot in the family Psittaculidae.

## Description

The white-naped lory is 26 cm (10 in) long. It is mostly red with black on top of head and white on back of neck. It has green wings, and a narrow yellow transverse line on each side of body below neck. It has dark-grey legs. It has an orange-red beak, dark-grey eyerings, and orange-yellow pupils.

## Distribution and habitat

It is endemic to central and southern New Ireland in Papua New Guinea. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## Cited texts

## InfoBox

| White-naped lory | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Psittaciformes |
| Family: | Psittaculidae |
| Genus: | *Lorius* |
| Species: | ***L. albidinucha*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lorius albidinucha***
(Rothschild & Hartert, 1924) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Lorius albidinuchus* (Rothschild & Hartert, 1924) | |


title: Pann's

abstract: Pann's is a coffee shop restaurant in the Westchester neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, known for its history, role in movies, and distinctive architecture. The restaurant was opened by husband and wife George and Rena Poulos in 1958. It is also known for its neon sign, Googie architecture, and 1950s decor. The building and its iconic neon sign were designed by architects Eldon Davis and Helen Liu Fong of the Armet & Davis architectural firm. Pann's remains one of the best preserved examples of Davis' Googie designs, according to the Los Angeles Times. Like many coffee shops it serves breakfast all day. The restaurant also serves "blue-plate specials," complete meals that vary daily. Pann's includes an angular edifice and large plate glass windows and has been described as having "the classic coffee shop architecture". It was designed by Helen Liu Fong, who also designed the Holiday Bowl, Johnie's coffee shop, and the original Norms Restaurant. She included tropical landscaping in the design, and was part of the firm of Armet & Davis that one commentator refers to as "the Frank Lloyd Wright of 1950s coffee shops." Pann's is currently owned by George and Rena's son Jim Poulos. Rena Poulos died at age 100 in 2017. Ed Begley, Jr. told a story about running into César Chávez at Pann's in the 1980s. Pann's was featured in a story in the Los Angeles Times, "Going on a hunt for Googie architecture," which noted the restaurant's tilted roof and sign, tropical plants and exposed stone walls indoors and out, and glass windows wrapping around the restaurant. Pann's celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2008.

text:
# Pann's

**Pann's** is a coffee shop restaurant in the Westchester neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, known for its history, role in movies, and distinctive architecture. The restaurant was opened by husband and wife George and Rena Poulos in 1958. It is also known for its neon sign, Googie architecture, and 1950s decor. The building and its iconic neon sign were designed by architects Eldon Davis and Helen Liu Fong of the Armet & Davis architectural firm. Pann's remains one of the best preserved examples of Davis' Googie designs, according to the *Los Angeles Times*.

Like many coffee shops it serves breakfast all day. The restaurant also serves "blue-plate specials," complete meals that vary daily.

Pann's includes an angular edifice and large plate glass windows and has been described as having "the classic coffee shop architecture". It was designed by Helen Liu Fong, who also designed the Holiday Bowl, Johnie's coffee shop, and the original Norms Restaurant. She included tropical landscaping in the design, and was part of the firm of Armet & Davis that one commentator refers to as "the Frank Lloyd Wright of 1950s coffee shops." Pann's is currently owned by George and Rena's son Jim Poulos. Rena Poulos died at age 100 in 2017. Ed Begley, Jr. told a story about running into César Chávez at Pann's in the 1980s.

Pann's was featured in a story in the *Los Angeles Times*, "Going on a hunt for Googie architecture," which noted the restaurant's tilted roof and sign, tropical plants and exposed stone walls indoors and out, and glass windows wrapping around the restaurant. Pann's celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2008.

## Recognition

* Winner of the Los Angeles Conservancy Preservation Award
* Pann's has operated under a number of snappy mottoes, including "Just Food, Service and Rock & Roll."
* The restaurant has been featured in films such as *xXx, Next,* and *Bewitched*
* Contrary to popular belief, *Pulp Fiction* was not filmed at Pann's; it was filmed at another restaurant owned by the Poulos family, Holly’s, in Hawthorne.

33°58′41″N 118°22′14″W / 33.978115°N 118.370566°W / 33.978115; -118.370566

## InfoBox

| Pann's | |
| --- | --- |
| Pole signs at the restaurant | |
|  | |
| Restaurant information | |
| Established | 1958 |
| Owner(s) | Rena Poulos and son Jim Poulos |
| Previous owner(s) | George and Rena Poulos |
| Food type | Breakfast food served all day |
| Street address | 6710 S La Tijera Blvd |
| City | Westchester |
| County | Los Angeles |
| State | California |
| Country | United States |
| Other information | * The building is one of the best preserved examples of Davis' Googie designs * The restaurant has been featured in films such as xXx and Bewitched. |
| Website | www.panns.com |


title: Ossonis modiglianii

abstract: Ossonis modiglianii is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1950.

text:
# Ossonis modiglianii

***Ossonis modiglianii*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1950.

## InfoBox

| *Ossonis modiglianii* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Ossonis*** |
| Species: | ***O. modiglianii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ossonis modiglianii***<br>Breuning, 1950 | |
|


title: Guided Missile

abstract: Guided Missile was a British, London-based, independent record label set up by Paul Kearney in 1994, and active until the early 2000s.

text:
# Guided Missile

**Guided Missile** was a British, London-based, independent record label set up by Paul Kearney in 1994, and active until the early 2000s.

## History

Guided Missile Records focused on releases by underground indie bands through the late 1990s.

A tribute record *Orchestral Manoeuvres In The Darkness* by Diff'rent Darkness charted at 66 on UK Official Charts Company chart in 2003.

### Post history

Guided Missile continued to at least 2013 as an events promoter, at venues such as The Islington, The Lexington and, until closure, The Buffalo Bar.

## Artists

## InfoBox

| Guided Missile | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1994 |
| Founder | Paul Guided Missile |
| Defunct | 2004 |
| Country of origin | England |
| Location | London |


title: Adhir Kalyan

abstract: Adhir Kalyan is a South African actor noted for his role as Timmy in the CBS sitcom Rules of Engagement and as Awalmir Karimi/'Al' in United States of Al.

text:
# Adhir Kalyan

**Adhir Kalyan** is a South African actor noted for his role as Timmy in the CBS sitcom *Rules of Engagement* and as Awalmir Karimi/'Al' in *United States of Al*.

## Early life

Kalyan's family is of Indian South African descent. His mother, Santosh Vinita "Sandy" Kalyan, was a member of Parliament in the South African National Assembly, where she represented the Democratic Alliance.

Kalyan completed his schooling at Marklands in Durban. Prior to moving abroad, he performed in a number of productions in South Africa, including theatrical adaptations of Charles Dickens' *Oliver Twist* and *A Christmas Carol*, an adaptation of Salman Rushdie's *The Ground Beneath Her Feet*, and the classical Shakespearean play *Macbeth*.

## Career

In 2005, Kalyan moved to London to pursue his acting career where he gained roles in the BBC series *Holby City* (series 8) as Arjmand Younis, in *Spooks* (series 5), and on the Irish network RTÉ One in *Fair City* as Ramal Kirmani. Kalyan also appeared in a number of independent films.

Kalyan starred in the short-lived American CW Television Network sitcom *Aliens in America*, as a foreign exchange student from Pakistan living with a Wisconsin family. He portrayed recurring characters in the fifth season of the cable show *Nip/Tuck*, and in the third season of the CBS sitcom *Rules of Engagement*, becoming a series regular in the latter's fourth season.

In 2009, Kalyan appeared in the film *Paul Blart: Mall Cop* as Pahud, a teenager who admired his girlfriend Parisa, in *Up in the Air* as a fired employee, and in the cheerleader comedy *Fired Up*. In 2010, he appeared in *Youth in Revolt*, and in 2011, he appeared in a minor role in *No Strings Attached*.

In late 2015, he began starring in the Fox science fiction crime drama *Second Chance*.

In December 2019, Kalyan was cast to portray Afghan interpreter Awalmir Karimi ("Al"), the main protagonist in the CBS sitcom *United States of Al*. The sitcom premiered on 1 April 2021, surrounded with controversy. Released to mostly negative reviews, the show and its makers were criticized for the show's humor, use of antiquated tropes, and in particular, critics called out the casting of a South-African-born Indian actor to play an Afghan lead and his use of an inauthentic accent.

## Personal life

In March 2015, he became engaged to actress Emily Wilson of *General Hospital*. He and Wilson married on 1 October 2016 at Colony 29 in Palm Springs, California. They welcomed their first child together, a daughter born on 23 March 2021.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Type | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2006 | *Holby City* | TV series | Arjmand Younis | 1 episode |
| 2006–2007 | *Fair City* | TV series | Ramal Kirmani |  |
| 2007–2008 | *Aliens in America* | TV series | Raja | Starring role |
| 2009 | *Paul Blart: Mall Cop* | Feature | Pahud |  |
| 2009 | *Fired Up!* | Feature | Brewster |  |
| 2009 | *Up in the Air* | Feature | Irate IT worker |  |
| 2009 | *Nip/Tuck* | TV series | Raj Paresh | 3 episodes |
| 2009 | *Youth in Revolt* | Feature | Vijay Joshi |  |
| 2009–2013 | *Rules of Engagement* | TV series | Timmy | Recurring (Season 3)
Main cast (Seasons 4–7)
70 episodes |
| 2010 | *High School* | Feature | Sebastian Saleem |  |
| 2011 | *No Strings Attached* | Feature | Kevin |  |
| 2015 | *Paul Blart: Mall Cop 2* | Feature | Pahud | Cameo |
| 2016 | *Second Chance* | TV series | Otto Goodwin | Starring role |
| 2020 | *A Nice Girl Like You* | Feature | Paul Goodwin |  |
| 2020 | *Broken Promises 5* | Feature | Bushknife Bobby |  |
| 2020 | *The Goldbergs* | TV series | Dodd Wembley | Episode: "It's All About Comptrol" |
| 2021–2022 | *United States of Al* | TV series | Awalmir "Al" Karimi | Main cast |
| 2022 | *Bob Hearts Abishola* | TV series | Jared | Episode: "Inner Boss Bitch" |
| 2023 | *Not Dead Yet* | TV series | Keith | Episode: "Not Feeling It Yet" |
| 2023 | *Broken Promises 6* | Feature | Bushknife Bobby | Starring role |

## InfoBox

| Adhir Kalyan | |
| --- | --- |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 2004–present |
| Spouse | Emily Wilson (m. 2016) |
| Children | 1 |
| Mother | Sandy Kalyan |


title: Pwdump

abstract: pwdump is the name of various Windows programs that outputs the LM and NTLM password hashes of local user accounts from the Security Account Manager (SAM) database and from the Active Directory domain's users cache on the operating system. It is widely used, to perform both the famous pass-the-hash attack, or also can be used to brute-force users' password directly. In order to work, it must be run under an Administrator account, or be able to access an Administrator account on the computer where the hashes are to be dumped. Pwdump could be said to compromise security because it could allow a malicious administrator to access user's passwords.

text:
# Pwdump

**pwdump** is the name of various Windows programs that outputs the LM and NTLM password hashes of local user accounts from the Security Account Manager (SAM) database and from the Active Directory domain's users cache on the operating system.

It is widely used, to perform both the famous pass-the-hash attack, or also can be used to brute-force users' password directly. In order to work, it must be run under an Administrator account, or be able to access an Administrator account on the computer where the hashes are to be dumped. Pwdump could be said to compromise security because it could allow a malicious administrator to access user's passwords.

## History

The initial program called pwdump was written by Jeremy Allison. He published the source code in 1997 (see open-source). Since then there have been further developments by other programmers:

1. **pwdump** (1997) — original program by Jeremy Allison.
2. **pwdump2** (2000) — by Todd Sabin of Bindview (GPL), uses DLL injection.
3. **pwdump3** — by Phil Staubs (GPL), works over the network.
    * **pwdump3e** — by Phil Staubs (GPL), sends encrypted over network.
4. **pwdump4** — by bingle (GPL), improvement on pwdump3 and pwdump2.
5. **pwdump5** — by AntonYo! (freeware).
6. **pwdump6** (c. 2006) — by fizzgig (GPL), improvement of pwdump3e. No source code.
    * **fgdump** (2007) — by fizzgig, improvement of pwdump6 w/ addons. No source code.
7. **pwdump7** — by Andres Tarasco (freeware), uses own filesystem drivers. No source code.
8. **pwdump8** — by Fulvio Zanetti and Andrea Petralia, supports AES128 encrypted hashes (Windows 10 and later). No source code.


title: Gyrinus lecontei

abstract: Gyrinus lecontei is a species of whirligig beetle in the family Gyrinidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Gyrinus lecontei

***Gyrinus lecontei*** is a species of whirligig beetle in the family Gyrinidae. It is found in North America.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Gyrinus lecontei* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Gyrinidae |
| Genus: | *Gyrinus* |
| Species: | ***G. lecontei*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Gyrinus lecontei***<br>Fall, 1922 | |
|


title: Melanoleuca verrucipes

abstract: Melanoleuca verrucipes is a species of fungus in the family Tricholomataceae. It is described as being a "very distinct species with its blackish dotted stipe." It was reportedly first discovered on leaf mulch in Highgate Woods, north London. The edibility of the mushroom is not known with certainty.

text:
# Melanoleuca verrucipes

***Melanoleuca verrucipes*** is a species of fungus in the family Tricholomataceae. It is described as being a "very distinct species with its blackish dotted stipe." It was reportedly first discovered on leaf mulch in Highgate Woods, north London. The edibility of the mushroom is not known with certainty.

## InfoBox

| *Melanoleuca verrucipes* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Tricholomataceae |
| Genus: | *Melanoleuca* |
| Species: | ***M. verrucipes*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Melanoleuca verrucipes***
Singer (1939) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Armillaria verrucipes* Fr. (1872)
*Agaricus verrucipes* (Fr.) Fr. (1874)
*Gyrophila verrucipes* (Fr.) Quél. (1886) | |


title: Melcom

abstract: Melcom is a supermarket chain consisting of 65 shops spread all over Ghana. It was started in 1989 by Indian magnate Bhagwan Khubchandani. His late father, Ramchand Khubchandani, had arrived in the then Gold Coast in 1929 as a 14-year-old to work as a store boy. Melcom Group of Companies is a family business. The Melcom Group of Companies consists of six separate entities: Melcom Limited, Century Industries Limited, Crownstar Electronic Industries Limited, Melcom Hospitality, Melcom Travels, and Melcom Care. Aside from conquering an extensive retail market share with a network of more than 60 retail outlets spread all over Ghana, the Group is well-diversified into other businesses. Melcom Group is best known for its shopping mall, Melcom Limited. As Ghana’s largest chain of retail department stores, Melcom offers thousands of products and hundreds of well known brands.

text:
# Melcom

**Melcom** is a supermarket chain consisting of 65 shops spread all over Ghana. It was started in 1989 by Indian magnate Bhagwan Khubchandani. His late father, Ramchand Khubchandani, had arrived in the then Gold Coast in 1929 as a 14-year-old to work as a store boy. Melcom Group of Companies is a family business.

The Melcom Group of Companies consists of six separate entities: Melcom Limited, Century Industries Limited, Crownstar Electronic Industries Limited, Melcom Hospitality, Melcom Travels, and Melcom Care. Aside from conquering an extensive retail market share with a network of more than 60 retail outlets spread all over Ghana (Melcom Limited), the Group is well-diversified into other businesses.

Melcom Group is best known for its shopping mall, Melcom Limited. As Ghana’s largest chain of retail department stores, Melcom offers thousands of products and hundreds of well known brands.

## History

### Disasters in 2012

In 2012 Melcom suffered two major accidents. On 7 November 2012, Ghana suffered a major accident when Melcom's five story shopping mall at Achimota near Accra, Ghana collapsed, trapping many people inside. The NADMO organized a rescue mission. 82 people in all, including 14 dead, were pulled out of the rubble.

Melcom had been operating in the building, which it said it had rented, only since January 2012. The NADMO promised an investigation to find out the cause of the collapse. Reports suggested that the building had structural defects owing to lack of adherence to building codes and use of improper materials.

On December 22, 2012, Melcom suffered another major accident when its mall in Agona Swedru in the Central Region of Ghana was totally burnt down by fire and attended to by the GNFRS. Because the fire occurred after close of work, there were no casualties. However, adjoining warehouses stocked with items for Christmas were also burnt down.

## InfoBox

Melcom Group of Companies
|
|  |
| Company type | Private ownership |
| Traded as | Melcom Group |
| Industry | Retailing |
| Founded | 1989 (1989) |
| Founder | Bhagwan Khubchandani |
| Headquarters | 2nd Palace Link Road, Off Dadeban Road, North Industrial Area
P.O. Box 3920, Accra, Ghana |
| Number of locations | 42+ stores (as of June 2019) |
| Area served | Ghana |
| Key people |  |
| Products | Supermarket
Hypermarket
Superstore |
| Subsidiaries | Melcom Stores Ltd.
Century Industries Ltd.
Crown Star Electronics Industry Ltd.
Melcom Hospitality
Melcom Travels
Melcom Care |
| Website | www.melcomgroup.com |


title: White-naped jay

abstract: The white-naped jay is a species of bird in the family Corvidae. It is endemic to Brazil - where it is known as the Gralha Cancã or the Cancão. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest. They are capable of interbreeding with plush-crested jays, and hybrids between the species have been observed. The species are visually similar and often are mistaken for each other. They sometimes serve as a food source for humans. They are also sometimes kept as pets.

text:
# White-naped jay

The **white-naped jay** (***Cyanocorax cyanopogon***) is a species of bird in the family Corvidae. It is endemic to Brazil \- where it is known as the *Gralha Cancã* or the *Cancão*. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest.

They are capable of interbreeding with plush-crested jays, and hybrids between the species have been observed. The species are visually similar and often are mistaken for each other.

They sometimes serve as a food source for humans. They are also sometimes kept as pets.

## InfoBox

| White-naped jay | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| In Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Corvidae |
| Genus: | *Cyanocorax* |
| Species: | ***C. cyanopogon*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cyanocorax cyanopogon***
(Wied, 1821) | |
|
|  | |


title: Fazal Katchh

abstract: Fazal Kachh is a town and union council of Dera Ghazi Khan District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The town is part of Taunsa Tehsil. Kachi Wanga

text:
# Fazal Katchh

**Fazal Kachh** is a town and union council of Dera Ghazi Khan District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The town is part of Taunsa Tehsil.

Kachi Wanga

## InfoBox

| Fazal Kachh | |
| --- | --- |
| Town and union council | |
| Country | Pakistan |
| Region | Punjab |
| District | Dera Ghazi Khan District |
| Time zone | UTC+5 (PST) |


title: Oscar Hoppe

abstract: Oscar Hoppe was a figure skater who competed in men's singles and pair skating. First he represented the German Empire, then Czechoslovakia. He was born in Troppau in what was then the duchy of Austrian Silesia in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and died in the same city, which by then was in Czechoslovakia. With his wife Else Hoppe, he won the bronze medal at the 1927 World Figure Skating Championships in Vienna.

text:
# Oscar Hoppe

**Oscar Hoppe** (11 June 1886 – 19 January 1936) was a figure skater who competed in men's singles and pair skating. First he represented the German Empire, then Czechoslovakia. He was born in Troppau in what was then the duchy of Austrian Silesia in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and died in the same city (known in Czech as Opava), which by then was in Czechoslovakia.

With his wife Else Hoppe, he won the bronze medal at the 1927 World Figure Skating Championships in Vienna.

## Competitive highlights

### Pairs

**With Else Hoppe**

| Event | 1925 | 1926 | 1927 | 1928 | 1929 | 1930 | 1931 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| World Championships | 5th | 7th | 3rd |  | 6th |  | 6th |
| European Championships |  |  |  |  |  | 7th |  |

## InfoBox

| Oscar Hoppe | |
| --- | --- |
| Hoppe in 1930 | |
| Born | (1886-06-11)11 June 1886
Troppau, Austrian Silesia, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | 19 January 1936(1936-01-19) (aged 49)
Opava, Czechoslovakia |
| Figure skating career | |
| Country | Germany
Czechoslovakia |
| Medal record      Figure skating: Pairs  Representing  Czechoslovakia  World Championships  1927 Vienna Pairs | |


title: Guiot de Dijon

abstract: Guiot de Dijon was a Burgundian trouvère. The seventeen chansons ascribed to him in the standard listing of Raynaud-Spanke are found in fifteen chansonniers, some without attribution or with conflicting attributions where they occur in multiple sources. Of Guiot's life, little is known. His name suggests he was from Dijon. The mention of three names in two songs gives further indication of his milieu: an envoi naming 'Erard a Chassenay' has been assumed to refer to one of the three individuals called Érart who were barons of Chassenay in Champagne. Several Guiot's songs survive with more than one distinct melody. The version of Quant je plus voi felon rire in the Chansonnier du roi, the melody of which was added later, is unusual in being through-composed and in Franconian notation. Overall, Guiot's melodies are usually identified as those appearing in bar form, which all end on the same pitch class. Guiot probably modelled Chanter m'estuet, coment que me destraigne (RS117) after the Occitan song Si be·m sui loing et entre gent estraigna by the troubadour Peirol, although this is based on assumptions from shared versification and cannot be confirmed, since no melody survives for RS117. The song Penser ne doit vilanie (RS1240), sometimes attributed to him, served as a model for the anonymous Marian song De penser a vilanie (RS1239), which survives uniquely in the Chansonnier Clairambault, i.e. TrouvX.

text:
# Guiot de Dijon

**Guiot de Dijon** (*fl.* 121525) was a Burgundian trouvère. The seventeen *chansons* ascribed to him in the standard listing of Raynaud-Spanke are found in fifteen chansonniers, some without attribution or with conflicting attributions where they occur in multiple sources.

Of Guiot's life, little is known. His name suggests he was from Dijon. The mention of three names in two songs gives further indication of his milieu: an envoi naming 'Erard a Chassenay' has been assumed to refer to one of the three individuals called Érart who were barons of Chassenay in Champagne.

Several Guiot's songs survive with more than one distinct melody. The version of *Quant je plus voi felon rire* in the Chansonnier du roi, the melody of which was added later, is unusual in being through-composed and in Franconian notation. Overall, Guiot's melodies are usually identified as those appearing in bar form, which all end on the same pitch class.

Guiot probably modelled *Chanter m'estuet, coment que me destraigne* (RS117) after the Occitan song *Si be·m sui loing et entre gent estraigna* by the troubadour Peirol, although this is based on assumptions from shared versification and cannot be confirmed, since no melody survives for RS117. The song *Penser ne doit vilanie* (RS1240), sometimes attributed to him, served as a model for the anonymous Marian song *De penser a vilanie* (RS1239), which survives uniquely in the Chansonnier Clairambault, i.e. TrouvX.

## List of songs

The list below gives all the songs listed for Guiot de Dijon in the catalogue of Raynaud-Spanke with their number in that catalogue. The listing includes those with attributions to Guiot, which are certainly by someone else (e.g. RS110) and those with conflicting attributions, whose authorship is unresolved by modern scholars.

* *A l'entree del dous comencement* (RS647). Ascribed in the Berne Chansonnier but ascribed to Jocelin de Dijon in the Chansonnier du roi, where the melody was entered later.
* *Amours m'a si enseignié* (RS1088). Ascribed in the Chansonnier du roi and Chansonnier de Noailles but the Berne Chansonnier ascribes it to Gilles de Viés Maisons.
* *Bien doi chanter quant fine Amour m'enseigne* (RS561). Ascribed in the Berne Chansonnier. No music survives.
* *Chanter m'estuet, coment que me destraigne* (RS117). Ascribed in the Berne Chansonnier.
* *Chanter m'estuet pour la plus bele* (RS589). Ascribed in the Berne Chansonnier. No music survives
* *Chanterai por mon corage* (RS21). The 'je' of this song is a woman, yearning for her crusader lover. It is ascribed to Guiot in the Chansonnier du roi but the Berne chansonnier ascribes it to 'Dame de Flayel'.
* *Cuers desirous apaie* (RS110). Ascribed to Guiot in the Berne Chansonnier, but accepted as being by Blondel de Nesle who is ascribed the song in other sources.
* *De moi douloureus vos chant* (RS317). Ascribed to Gillebert de Berneville in the Chansonnier de Noailles.
* *Desoremais est raison* (RS1885). Ascribed to Guiot only in the Chansonnier du roi where an older rubric and the index ascribe the song to Jehan de Nuevile; the Berne chansonnier ascribes it to Raoul de Soissons.
* *Helas, qu'ai forfait a la gent* (RS681). Ascribed in the Chansonnier du roi.
* *Joie ne guerredon d'amours* (RS2020). Attributed in the Chansonnier du roi but given two different ascriptions in two other sources.
* *Li dous tens noviaus qui revient* (RS1246). Ascribed in the Chansonnier du roi. No music survives.
* *Penser ne doit vilanie*  (RS1240). Attributed in the Chansonnier du roi but given two different ascriptions in two other sources.
* *Quant je plus voi felon rire* (RS1503). Ascribed in the Chansonnier du roi and Chansonnier de Noailles but the Berne Chansonnier ascribes it to Amauri du Craon.
* *Quant li dous estés define* (RS1388). Attributed in the Chansonnier du roi but given two different ascriptions in two other sources.
* *Quant voi la flor botoner* (RS771). Unicum in the Chansonnier du roi ascribed in situ there but to Jehan de Nuevile in the index. No melody survives (empty staves in the MS).
* *Uns maus k'ainc mes ne senti* (RS1079). Ascribed in the Chansonnier du roi but the Chansonnier de Noailles ascribes it to one 'Gontier'.

* Karp, Theodore C. "Guiot de Dijon." *Grove Music Online*. *Oxford Music Online*. Accessed 20 September 2008.
* Nissen, Elisabeth, ed. *Les chansons attribuées à Guiot de Dijon et Jocelin*. Paris: H. Champion, 1929.


title: Myname 3rd Single Album

abstract: Myname 3rd Single Album is the third single album by South Korean idol group Myname. It was released on October 11, 2013, by H2 Media and distributed by Kakao M. Following a series of photo and video teasers, the album and its lead single "Day by Day" were concurrently released. Myname 3rd Single Album peaked at number eight on South Korea's national Gaon Album Chart, shifting over 11,000 units domestically since its release.

text:
# Myname 3rd Single Album

***Myname 3rd Single Album*** is the third single album by South Korean idol group Myname. It was released on October 11, 2013, by H2 Media and distributed by Kakao M. Following a series of photo and video teasers, the album and its lead single "Day by Day" were concurrently released. *Myname 3rd Single Album* peaked at number eight on South Korea's national Gaon Album Chart, shifting over 11,000 units domestically since its release.

## Music structure

*Myname 3rd Single Album* opens with "Intro (It's Gonna Be Alright)", a "sweet" slow jam with an undercurrent of electronic music. It is followed by "Day by Day", a medium-tempo hip hop-R&B track. It employs an electric piano with guitar riffs over an "intense" beat. The song was written by rapper D.O and features his vocals, marking his first collaboration with an idol group. The song intends to highlight the rappers of the group. "Memory" is a piano ballad backed by an orchestra. Written by e.one, "U-Turn" integrates a harp and the rap verses were written by members Jun.Q and Seyong. The closing track "Outro (Goodbye)" infuses a hip-hop beat with an electronic rhythm.

## Release and promotion

On September 23, 2013, H2 Media announced *Myname 3rd Single Album* and separate release dates for the availability on online music stores and CDs. A group teaser photo was published four days later. On October 8, a music video teaser of the lead single "Day by Day" was shared. The scenes were shot using the motion control technique to replicate Myname and D.O. It was filmed on an antique-like set in Namyangju on September 28.

Myname began promoting "Day by Day" on weekly music chart shows prior to the release of the single album by performing the song on SBS MTV's *The Show* and MBC Music's *Show Champion*. *Myname 3rd Single Album* and the music video for "Day by Day" were simultaneously released on October 11. The group made additional performances on KBS2's *Music Bank*, Seoul Broadcasting System' (SBS) *Inkigayo*, and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation's (MBC) *Show! Music Core*.

## Commercial performance

On the chart dated October 13–19, 2013, *Myname 3rd Single Album* debuted at number eight on South Korea's national Gaon Album Chart. According to Gaon Music Chart's year-end report, the single album sold 11,312 copies domestically and ranked at number 123 on its list of best-selling albums.

## Track listing

*Myname 3rd Single Album*
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Arrangement | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Intro (It's Gonna Be Alright)" | Lee Hyun-do, TKO, Eniac | Lee Hyun-do, Eniac | Lee Hyun-do, Eniac | 1:34 |
| 2. | "Day by Day" (featuring D.O) | Lee Hyun-do, TKO, Eniac | Lee Hyun-do, Eniac | Lee Hyun-do, Eniac | 3:59 |
| 3. | "Memory" (지울 수 없는; *Jiul Su Eomneun*) | Lee Hyun-do, TKO, Eniac | Lee Hyun-do, Eniac | Lee Hyun-do, Eniac | 3:59 |
| 4. | "U-Turn" | e.one, Jun.Q, Seyong | e.one | e.one | 3:19 |
| 5. | "Outro (Goodbye)" | Lee Hyun-do, TKO, Eniac | Lee Hyun-do, Eniac | Lee Hyun-do, Eniac | 1:09 |
| Total length: | | | | | 14:00 |

## Chart

| Chart (2013) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| South Korean Albums (Gaon) | 8 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Various | October 11, 2013 | Digital download |  |  |
| South Korea | October 14, 2013 | CD | | |

## InfoBox

| Myname 3rd Single Album | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single album by Myname | |
| Released | October 11, 2013 (2013-10-11) |
| Length | 14:00 |
| Language | Korean |
| Label | H2 Media |
| Myname chronology | |
| *Myname 1st Mini Album*
(2013) ***Myname 3rd Single Album***
(2013) *Five Stars*
(2014) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Myname 3rd Single Album* | |
| 1. "Day by Day"
Released: October 11, 2013 | |
|  | |


title: Pythagorean tiling

abstract:
A Pythagorean tiling or two squares tessellation is a tiling of a Euclidean plane by squares of two different sizes, in which each square touches four squares of the other size on its four sides. Many proofs of the Pythagorean theorem are based on it, explaining its name. It is commonly used as a pattern for floor tiles. When used for this, it is also known as a hopscotch pattern or pinwheel pattern,
but it should not be confused with the mathematical pinwheel tiling, an unrelated pattern. This tiling has four-way rotational symmetry around each of its squares. When the ratio of the side lengths of the two squares is an irrational number such as the golden ratio, its cross-sections form aperiodic sequences with a similar recursive structure to the Fibonacci word. Generalizations of this tiling to three dimensions have also been studied.

text:
# Pythagorean tiling

A **Pythagorean tiling** or **two squares tessellation** is a tiling of a Euclidean plane by squares of two different sizes, in which each square touches four squares of the other size on its four sides. Many proofs of the Pythagorean theorem are based on it, explaining its name. It is commonly used as a pattern for floor tiles. When used for this, it is also known as a **hopscotch pattern** or **pinwheel pattern**, but it should not be confused with the mathematical pinwheel tiling, an unrelated pattern.

This tiling has four-way rotational symmetry around each of its squares. When the ratio of the side lengths of the two squares is an irrational number such as the golden ratio, its cross-sections form aperiodic sequences with a similar recursive structure to the Fibonacci word. Generalizations of this tiling to three dimensions have also been studied.

## Topology and symmetry

The Pythagorean tiling is the unique tiling by squares of two different sizes that is both *unilateral* (no two squares have a common side) and *equitransitive* (each two squares of the same size can be mapped into each other by a symmetry of the tiling).

Topologically, the Pythagorean tiling has the same structure as the truncated square tiling by squares and regular octagons. The smaller squares in the Pythagorean tiling are adjacent to four larger tiles, as are the squares in the truncated square tiling, while the larger squares in the Pythagorean tiling are adjacent to eight neighbors that alternate between large and small, just as the octagons in the truncated square tiling. However, the two tilings have different sets of symmetries, because the truncated square tiling is symmetric under mirror reflections whereas the Pythagorean tiling isn't. Mathematically, this can be explained by saying that the truncated square tiling has dihedral symmetry around the center of each tile, while the Pythagorean tiling has a smaller cyclic set of symmetries around the corresponding points, giving it p4 symmetry. It is a chiral pattern, meaning that it is impossible to superpose it on top of its mirror image using only translations and rotations.

A uniform tiling is a tiling in which each tile is a regular polygon and in which every vertex can be mapped to every other vertex by a symmetry of the tiling. Usually, uniform tilings additionally are required to have tiles that meet edge-to-edge, but if this requirement is relaxed then there are eight additional uniform tilings. Four are formed from infinite strips of squares or equilateral triangles, and three are formed from equilateral triangles and regular hexagons. The remaining one is the Pythagorean tiling.

## Pythagorean theorem and dissections

This tiling is called the Pythagorean tiling because it has been used as the basis of proofs of the Pythagorean theorem by the ninth-century Islamic mathematicians Al-Nayrizi and Thābit ibn Qurra, and by the 19th-century British amateur mathematician Henry Perigal. If the sides of the two squares forming the tiling are the numbers *a* and *b*, then the closest distance between corresponding points on congruent squares is *c*, where *c* is the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle having sides *a* and *b*. For instance, in the illustration to the left, the two squares in the Pythagorean tiling have side lengths 5 and 12 units long, and the side length of the tiles in the overlaying square tiling is 13, based on the Pythagorean triple (5,12,13).

By overlaying a square grid of side length *c* onto the Pythagorean tiling, it may be used to generate a five-piece dissection of two unequal squares of sides *a* and *b* into a single square of side *c*, showing that the two smaller squares have the same area as the larger one. Similarly, overlaying two Pythagorean tilings may be used to generate a six-piece dissection of two unequal squares into a different two unequal squares.

## Aperiodic cross sections

Although the Pythagorean tiling is itself periodic (it has a square lattice of translational symmetries) its cross sections can be used to generate one-dimensional aperiodic sequences.

In the "Klotz construction" for aperiodic sequences (Klotz is a German word for a block), one forms a Pythagorean tiling with two squares whose sizes are chosen to make the ratio between the two side lengths be an irrational number *x*. Then, one chooses a line parallel to the sides of the squares, and forms a sequence of binary values from the sizes of the squares crossed by the line: a 0 corresponds to a crossing of a large square and a 1 corresponds to a crossing of a small square. In this sequence, the relative proportion of 0s and 1s will be in the ratio *x*:1. This proportion cannot be achieved by a periodic sequence of 0s and 1s, because it is irrational, so the sequence is aperiodic.

If *x* is chosen as the golden ratio, the sequence of 0s and 1s generated in this way has the same recursive structure as the Fibonacci word: it can be split into substrings of the form "01" and "0" (that is, there are no two consecutive ones) and if these two substrings are consistently replaced by the shorter strings "0" and "1" then another string with the same structure results.

According to Keller's conjecture, any tiling of the plane by congruent squares must include two squares that meet edge-to-edge. None of the squares in the Pythagorean tiling meet edge-to-edge, but this fact does not violate Keller's conjecture because the tiles have different sizes, so they are not all congruent to each other.

The Pythagorean tiling may be generalized to a three-dimensional tiling of Euclidean space by cubes of two different sizes, which also is unilateral and equitransitive. Attila Bölcskei calls this three-dimensional tiling the *Rogers filling*. He conjectures that, in any dimension greater than three, there is again a unique unilateral and equitransitive way of tiling space by hypercubes of two different sizes.

Burns and Rigby found several prototiles, including the Koch snowflake, that may be used to tile the plane only by using copies of the prototile in two or more different sizes. An earlier paper by Danzer, Grünbaum, and Shephard provides another example, a convex pentagon that tiles the plane only when combined in two sizes. Although the Pythagorean tiling uses two different sizes of squares, the square does not have the same property as these prototiles of only tiling by similarity, because it also is possible to tile the plane using only squares of a single size.

## Application

An early structural application of the Pythagorean tiling appears in the works of Leonardo da Vinci, who considered it among several other potential patterns for floor joists. This tiling has also long been used decoratively, for floor tiles or other similar patterns, as can be seen for instance in Jacob Ochtervelt's painting *Street Musicians at the Door* (1665). It has been suggested that seeing a similar tiling in the palace of Polycrates may have provided Pythagoras with the original inspiration for his theorem.


title: Reid–Jones–Carpenter House

abstract: The Reid–Jones–Carpenter House, located at 2249 Walton Way, Augusta, Richmond County, Georgia, constructed in 1849, is a single story wood-frame building on raised basement of stuccoed brick. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 13, 1979.

text:
# Reid–Jones–Carpenter House

The **Reid–Jones–Carpenter House**, located at 2249 Walton Way, Augusta, Richmond County, Georgia, constructed in 1849, is a single story wood-frame building on raised basement of stuccoed brick. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 13, 1979.

## Architecture

The house features an entrance portico supported by fluted Corinthian-inspired columns based at ground level and reached by a long stairway. The porch is enclosed by a balustrade. Windows flanking the portico have wrought iron ledges. Formerly known as "Montrose", the home is now the Alan Fuqua Center for young people, associated with the Reid Memorial Presbyterian Church. In the mid-1900s, it was the home of Charles Colcock Jones Carpenter, son of the Rev. Samuel B. Carpenter and Ruth (Jones) Carpenter, and grandson of Charles Colcock Jones, Jr., distinguished lawyer, author, and historian.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Reid–Jones–Carpenter House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 2249 Walton Way, Augusta, Georgia |
| Coordinates | 33°28′41″N 82°0′56″W / 33.47806°N 82.01556°W / 33.47806; -82.01556 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1849 |
| Architectural style | Greek Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 79000745 |
| Added to NRHP | November 13, 1979 |


title: Meisterstück

abstract: Meisterstück is the flagship line of pens from luxury brand Montblanc. Although principally concerned with writing instruments, the brand has of late used the Meisterstück name in association with members of its diversified product range including watches, jewelry and leather goods.

text:
# Meisterstück

**Meisterstück** (German for *masterpiece*) is the flagship line of pens from luxury brand Montblanc.

Although principally concerned with writing instruments, the brand has of late used the Meisterstück name in association with members of its diversified product range including watches, jewelry and leather goods.

## History

The first Montblanc to be branded a Meisterstück was produced in 1924 to denote the then Simplo company's top-line range of writing instruments.

Beginning initially with Safety Filling pens, the Meisterstück name continued to denote the company's top line of writing instruments bearing warranted nibs and offering higher grade features than other models, such as the incorporation of celluloid and precious metals.

## Modern Meisterstücks

Modern Meisterstücks include fountain pens, ballpoints, rollerballs, pencils, and even a highlighter pen.

Unlike vintage Meisterstück pens, modern variants are usually formed from a composite resin instead of celluloid and bear most similarity to the Meisterstück designs of the 1950s. However, in continuation with the previous models using higher-end materials, metal and precious metal variations are made under the sub-designation "Solitaire".


title: Wielącza Poduchowna

abstract: Wielącza Poduchowna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczebrzeszyn, within Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

text:
# Wielącza Poduchowna

**Wielącza Poduchowna** \[vjɛˈlɔnt͡ʂa pɔduˈxɔvna\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczebrzeszyn, within Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

## InfoBox

| Wielącza Poduchowna | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Wielącza Poduchowna | |
| Coordinates: 50°44′35″N 23°05′36″E / 50.74306°N 23.09333°E / 50.74306; 23.09333 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Zamość |
| Gmina | Szczebrzeszyn |


title: Paradyscherus

abstract: Paradyscherus is a genus in the ground beetle family Carabidae. There are at least three described species in Paradyscherus, found in Madagascar.

text:
# Paradyscherus

***Paradyscherus*** is a genus in the ground beetle family Carabidae. There are at least three described species in *Paradyscherus*, found in Madagascar.

## Species

These three species belong to the genus *Paradyscherus*:

## InfoBox

| *Paradyscherus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Subfamily: | Scaritinae |
| Tribe: | Scaritini |
| Subtribe: | Scaritina |
| Genus: | *Paradyscherus*<br>Basilewsky, 1971 |
|


title: Osteochilus scapularis

abstract: Osteochilus scapularis is a species of cyprinid fish found in the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, and Sumatra.

text:
# Osteochilus scapularis

***Osteochilus scapularis*** is a species of cyprinid fish found in the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, and Sumatra.

## InfoBox

| *Osteochilus scapularis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Subfamily: | Labeoninae |
| Genus: | *Osteochilus* |
| Species: | ***O. scapularis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Osteochilus scapularis***<br>Fowler, 1939 | |
|