title: Frederick Skiff

abstract: Frederick Woodward Skiff (1867–1947), was an author, noted collector, bibliophile, expert on Americana, and founder of the Acorn Club. Skiff traveled widely throughout the United States during his adult life, but is most associated with Connecticut and Portland, Oregon. In 1899, he founded the Acorn Club in Hartford, Connecticut, a membership organization of Connecticut historians which publishes fine press-work specialty books on American historical subjects. Skiff wrote two books—Adventures in Americana: Recollections of Forty Years Collecting Books, Furniture, China, Guns and Glass and Landmarks and literature: An American Travelogue. Over the course of his life, Skiff amassed one of the most important private libraries in the United States, with particular emphases on literature and history. After his death in 1947, the library's contents were sold at auction by Butterfield & Butterfield in San Francisco. Many of the books made their ways into other important collections. Countess Doheny purchased 800 books from Skiff's library, becoming part of the Estelle Doheny Collection of American Literature, which was in turn auctioned off by Christie's New York in 2001.

text:
# Frederick Skiff

**Frederick Woodward Skiff** (1867–1947), was an author, noted collector, bibliophile, expert on Americana, and founder of the Acorn Club.

Skiff traveled widely throughout the United States during his adult life, but is most associated with Connecticut and Portland, Oregon. In 1899, he founded the Acorn Club in Hartford, Connecticut, a membership organization of Connecticut historians which publishes fine press-work specialty books on American historical subjects.

Skiff wrote two books—*Adventures in Americana: Recollections of Forty Years Collecting Books, Furniture, China, Guns and Glass* (1935, Metropolitan Press, Portland, Oregon) and *Landmarks and literature: An American Travelogue* (1937, ibid).

Over the course of his life, Skiff amassed one of the most important private libraries in the United States, with particular emphases on literature and history. After his death in 1947, the library's contents were sold at auction by Butterfield & Butterfield (now Bonham's) in San Francisco. Many of the books made their ways into other important collections. Countess Doheny purchased 800 books from Skiff's library, becoming part of the Estelle Doheny Collection of American Literature, which was in turn auctioned off by Christie's New York in 2001.

1. Grant, Steve (16 June 1999). "From a Little Acorn". *Hartford Courant*. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved 23 May 2010.
2. "Noted collector to visit campus". *The Eugene Register-Guard*. Eugene, Oregon. 22 May 1938. p. 18. Retrieved 31 July 2019  via newspapers.com.


title: Frederick Slade Drake-Brockman

abstract: Frederick Slade Drake-Brockman, also known as Frederick Slade Brockman, was a Surveyor General and explorer of Western Australia.

text:
# Frederick Slade Drake-Brockman

**Frederick Slade Drake-Brockman**, also known as **Frederick Slade Brockman**, (9 July 1857 – 11 September 1917) was a Surveyor General and explorer of Western Australia.

## Early life

Born at Seabrook near Northam in Western Australia, he was the son of Edmund Ralph Brockman, gentleman-farmer, and Elizabeth Deborah *née* Slade.

He was educated at Bishop Mathew Hale's school and articled in 1878 to surveyor J. S. Brooking.

## Career

In 1886, Drake-Brockman joined the Department of Public Works and Railways, and worked as surveyor-in-charge of road and telegraph routes, before transferring to Lands and Surveys in 1891. He became chief inspecting surveyor in 1894, in which role he oversaw estate drainage and installation of rabbit-proof fencing. In 1901, Drake-Brockman and eleven companions explored previously uncharted areas in the Kimberley region. On the decentralisation of the department in 1910, Drake-Brockman was district surveyor for Nelson, before being appointed Surveyor-General in June 1915.

## Personal life

On 20 February 1882 he married Grace Bussell, the heroine of the SS *Georgette* disaster of 1876. They had three daughters and four sons, including:

* Geoffrey (1885–1977), a civil engineer, public works official and brigadier who served in both World Wars,
* Karl (1891-1969), a Rhodes Scholar, Captain in the 5th Royal Fusiliers, and judge
* Edmund (1884-1949), soldier, politician and judge
* Deborah (1887–1965), a mining company director and welfare worker, subsequently Lady Hackett and later Lady Moulden.

## Further reading

* Birman, Wendy (1981) 'Drake-Brockman, Frederick Slade (1857 - 1917)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 8, Melbourne University Press, 1981, pp 340–341.
* D. H. Drake-Brockman,(1936) Record of the Brockman and Drake-Brockman Family (priv print, Sussex, 1936)
* G. Drake-Brockman,(1960) *The Turning Wheel* Perth


title: Petnica (Čačak)

abstract: Petnica is a village in the municipality of Čačak, Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 180 people.

text:
# Petnica (Čačak)

**Petnica** is a village in the municipality of Čačak, Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 180 people.

43°45′15″N 20°26′32″E / 43.75417°N 20.44222°E / 43.75417; 20.44222

## InfoBox

| Petnica Петница | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
|  | |
| Petnica | |
| Coordinates: 43°45′15″N 20°26′32″E / 43.75417°N 20.44222°E / 43.75417; 20.44222 | |
| Country | Serbia |
| District | Moravica District |
| Municipality | Čačak |
| Area | |
| Total | 4.51 km2 (1.74 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 426 m (1,398 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 180 |
| Density | 40/km2 (100/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Phalangeroidea

abstract: The Phalangeroidea are a superfamily of mammals that include the families Burramyidae and Phalangeridae, as well as the extinct families Ektopodontidae and Miralinidae. They are mainly representatives of the possum marsupials.

text:
# Phalangeroidea

The **Phalangeroidea** are a superfamily of mammals that include the families Burramyidae and Phalangeridae, as well as the extinct families Ektopodontidae and Miralinidae. They are mainly representatives of the possum marsupials.

## InfoBox

| Phalangeroidea | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Eastern pygmy possum | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Infraclass: | Marsupialia |
| Order: | Diprotodontia |
| Suborder: | Phalangeriformes |
| Superfamily: | Phalangeroidea<br>Thomas, 1888 |
|
| Families | |
|  | |


title: Peter Ebert

abstract: Peter Ebert was a German opera director. Son of noted German director Carl Ebert who left Nazi Germany in 1934 with his son and moved to England, he was best known for his work with Glyndebourne Opera and the Scottish Opera where he staged over 50 productions from 1963 to 1980 and which brought him great success.

text:
# Peter Ebert

**Peter Ebert** (6 April 1918, Frankfurt am Main, Germany – 25 December 2012, Sussex, England) was a German opera director. Son of noted German director Carl Ebert who left Nazi Germany in 1934 with his son and moved to England, he was best known for his work with Glyndebourne Opera and the Scottish Opera where he staged over 50 productions from 1963 to 1980 and which brought him great success.

## Family life in Germany

Peter Ebert was the son of Charles, later Carl, Ebert and Cissi (Lucie Frederike Karoline (née Splisgarth), who was German. Carl was the outcome of a romantic liaison of a Polish count and an Irish American music student. Peter was therefore half German. Peter's parents divorced when he was six, both parties remarrying and staying on excellent terms. Due to the separation, his early years of schooling were chequered, so he was finally sent to one of Kurt Hahn's boarding schools in Germany.

In 1933 Carl was invited by the Nazis to take charge of the theatre scene in Berlin, but in a strong political gesture he chose to leave Germany and the family settled in Switzerland. Peter was given the choice of staying or leaving Germany and chose to leave. He was one of the 13 boys to make up the first intake of the new Gordonstoun School under the headmastership of the also emigrated Kurt Hahn.

## Move to England

With Carls friend the conductor, Fritz Busch who became the first music director of this new company, Carl had been asked by John Christie to take part in the founding of the Glyndebourne Opera. In 1934 at age 16, Peter visited Glyndebourne (where Carl was directing the operas for the first season) on his way to his boarding school in Scotland and it inspired a lasting love of England and its way of life and especially of Glyndebourne.

The pre-war seasons where sensational as Carl brought revolutionary ideas about production to England. Examples of his approach included the requirement that singers should act, and that the music was to be the guide, with the seamless whole being an interpretation of the music. This approach was well received by critics.

After two years at Gordonstoun, Peter spent six months apprenticed to a private bank, but then moved to Dartington Hall in Devonshire, where the Elmhirsts were carrying out a major cultural experiment. Ebert's stepfather, Hans Oppenheim, was running the Music School there, having also left Germany. So Peter joined his mother and "Oppi" there to study film making and forestry.

## Personal life

At the time of the Dunkirk evacuation during World War II, Ebert was interned in various camps as a "friendly enemy alien" because, at this point, he had not been naturalised. When released, he returned to Dartington Hall where he met Kathleen Elsie Bone (Kitti), his first wife. They afterwards moved to London and had two daughters, Judith and Tabitha. Peter had various jobs, some in the theatre, and then joined the German Service of the BBC. His marriage ended in 1947.

In August 1947, when he was working in Scotland, he met Silvia Ashmole, a dancer and his future wife. However, Silvia was forbidden by her parents to see Peter because he was still legally married (albeit separated), he had children, and was German. Nonetheless, they married in 1951 and went on to have eight children.

After living in various parts of Britain and in Germany during his career, Ebert returning to Sussex in 1980, spending ten years staging opera productions in Sussex and abroad. Later, he was very active in local politics after the founding of the Social Democratic Party. He was elected a District Councillor for Lewes.

He and his family lived in Sussex for ten years but, in 1990, the couple sold their Sussex home and bought a semi-derelict farmhouse in Italy. At age 70, he went about restoring, converting and enhancing this house in the Umbrian hills. In 2004 after a healthy life, Peter was suffering from damage to his heart valves. The family moved back to England, to Sussex and within walking distance of Glyndebourne.

By his last years, Peter Ebert's family consisted of the couple's three girls and five boys who have 17 surviving grandchildren plus three more surviving from Tabitha, his daughter from his first marriage. There are also three step-grandchildren with offspring.

Until the end, he and Silvia had a strong and loving marriage of 61 years. Peter Ebert died in Sussex and is buried in the churchyard at Ringmer, East Sussex.

## Glyndebourne years

In 1947 he was invited by Glyndebourne to be Assistant Producer to his father whose first post-war Glyndebourne production was *Orfeo* by Gluck, with Kathleen Ferrier. Given Glyndebourne's involvement in founding the Edinburgh Festival (Rudolf Bing was its first director), in August Peter went to Scotland to assist on the production of Verdi's *Macbeth*.

The Glyndebourne productions during the 1950s were very successful. *La cenerentola* and *Cosi fan tutte* were sellouts and could have been played every year. But *The Marriage of Figaro*, *Idomeneo*, *Le Comte Ory* as well as Ebert's own production of *Don Giovanni* with John Piper's sets, which was enhanced musically by the, then, music director Vittorio Gui. For 20 years up to 1954, almost every production was undertaken by Carl Ebert, but in that year Peter's production of *Arlecchino* by Busoni and under John Pritchard introduced the young director. Peter Ebert maintained an association with the company until the 1960s and especially with the television performances. Having left he BBC, he took a course in the new art of producing for television and became in charge (along with Outside Broadcast producer, Noble Wilson) of the early, annual transmissions from Glyndebourne. The enormous cameras had to run on wooden tracks down through the auditorium.

Outside of the Glyndebourne season Peter Ebert staged his first production for the Wexford Festival, an opera festival founded in 1951 by Tom Walsh and his friends and held in the autumn. The opera was *L'elisir d'amore* by Donizetti, and he went on to stage 16 productions there between 1952 and 1965, some of very rarely performed works, culminating in 1965 with one production by Carl Ebert and another designed by his daughter Judith as well as his own *La Traviata*. Peter was invited back to give talks in his later years.

## Return to Germany, 1954 – 1962

In 1954 Peter Ebert became chief producer at the Staatsoper Hannover in Hanover under Intendant Kurt Ehrhardt, and the family moved there. Peter stayed six years and learned a large amount of the opera repertoire in a theatre with very high standards. However, the summers were nearly always spent working at Glyndebourne as assistant to his father and later doing his own productions and restaging his fathers’ work.

When Glyndebourne took *Le Comte Ory* and *Falstaff* to Paris, Ebert did all the technical and preparatory work as well as the rehearsals. When *La cenerentola* went to West Berlin, Peter was in charge of the whole thing as his father fell ill. Later, when his father died, Bernard Levin, the leading critic, wrote an obituary lengthily praising a production of Mozart's *Entführung aus dem Serail*, not realising it was Peter's.

During those years Peter Ebert had established an international reputation and thereafter worked in America, Canada, South Africa, Italy, Denmark and Germany. But Peter's closest ties were with England. He loved Glyndebourne and carried an enormous debt of gratitude to it and the Christie family.

In 1960 Ebert moved to Düsseldorf/Duisburg, a larger theatre with many singers but found little sense of teamwork. He left after 2 years.

## England as his base

After 1962, he moved back to England and bought a big house in Sussex to accommodate his family. For the next six years Ebert worked as a freelancer, doing productions in Los Angeles, Pretoria, Copenhagen and Basle. At this time he also produced a studio production of *La traviata* for the BBC, as well as presenting a music programme "Music in Camera", where the first meeting of Jacqueline du Pré and Daniel Barenboim in public took place. Later, Peter ran the Opera School at Toronto University for 18 months.

## Germany again, 1968 to 1977

In 1968 Ebert was asked to become General Administrator in Augsburg, Germany. There he was in charge of opera, plays, concerts, ballet and operetta. He had a fruitful and productive period with an excellent team including the designer, Hans Ulrich Schmückle. Among many other operas for them, he staged Berlioz's *Les Troyens* (*The Trojans*) which he afterwards took to Scottish Opera.

In 1973 he moved to Bielefeld as Intendant and in 1975 to the Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden in Wiesbaden.

## Scottish Opera

In 1977 he was asked to join Scottish Opera, with which he had been associated (by doing freelance productions), since its foundation by Sir Alexander Gibson in 1962.

Peter Ebert had a very successful and creative three years there before he "resigned...in 1980 in some bitterness over the financing and future artistic policy of the company."

He was awarded an Honorary Doctorate for services to Music by St. Andrews University in 1979.

*The Scotsman* newspaper's obituary notes that "from the outset he was an inspiring figure and as director of productions from 1965 to 1975 he was responsible for a wide variety of operas which included works by Monteverdi to *Don Pasquale* and *Fidelio*". He creating the company's first orchestra, staging Scotland's first-ever *Ring cycle* and *The Trojans*, with an excellent cast including Janet Baker. He took opera to the Edinburgh Playhouse Theatre where the performances attracted the biggest audience ever for an opera in Scotland. In addition, it has been noted that:

He directed a memorable *Falstaff* with Geraint Evans making his debut in the title role and built a particularly strong artistic relationship with several singers, including the soprano Helga Dernesch. Dernesch was to deliver commanding performances in both the *Ring Cycle* (alongside David Ward) and *Les Troyens*.... When these two mammoth productions were seen at the Edinburgh Festivals of 1971 and 1972 the critics went overboard in their praise of Ebert's visionary direction. *The Scotsman* drew attention to Ebert's "clear, unforced" direction in the Wagner and of "the glory" he brought to the Berlioz.

## Ebert's career in the opera world

### Professional qualities

Ebert's great talent in the professional field as a director, lay in his power to create a "perfect whole". Given the right conditions, he was able to charm their best performances out of his singers, which, combined with the enormous musicality of Peter's productions and his feeling for the visual aspects, made his work with conductor, designer and cast extremely fruitful and productive. Opera has so many imponderables so it obviously didn't always work 100% of the time. Peter was a fair, capable and charming administrator. With his team he planned the season's repertoire with zest. He tried to institute more co-operative administration in his German theatres. He had no interest in the financial side of the administration and was happy to leave it with those qualified to do it. He also had no talent for fund-raising, for example, in Scotland. He was an artist, not a business man.

#### Productions at Glyndebourne, Liverpool and Edinburgh

#### Peter Ebert's stagings for Carl Ebert at Glyndebourne

1959: *La Cenerentola*; \*1960: *Falstaff*, *La Cenerentola*, *Falstaff* (Edinburgh); \*1961: *The Barber of Seville*; \*1962: *The marriage of Figaro*, *Ariadne auf Naxos*; \*1963: *The Marriage of Figaro* and *The Rake's Progress*; \*1964: *Idomeneo*

#### Productions at Scottish Opera

Between 1963 and 1980, Peter Ebert is on record as having directed around 50 productions (including the four-opera *Ring Cycle* on one occasion.)

His 1960s productions include *Don Giovanni*, the whole of the Ring Cycle, and a significant number of opera by Puccini, including three productions of *Madame Butterfly* (with three more in the 1970s). That decade includes three of Verdi's *Falstaff* and two of *Simon Boccanegra* plus a few "Ring" operas and two *Magic Flute*s. The less well-known repertoire presented during his tenure included Beethoven's *Fidelio* (three productions) and Berlioz' *Les Troyens* (two productions).

## Publications by Peter Ebert

* *In This Theatre of Man's Life: The Biography of Carl Ebert*. Lewes, Sussex: The Book Guild Ltd., 1999 ISBN 1-85776-347-5

**Notes**

**Cited sources**

**Other sources**

* Hughes, Spike, *Glyndebourne: A History of the Festival Opera*. London: Methuen & Co Ltd, 1965; David and Charles, 1981. ISBN 9780715378915
* Kennedy, Michael; Bourne, Joyce, (Eds.), "Peter Ebert", *The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music*, Oxford University Press, USA, 1996 ISBN 019280037X ISBN 9780192800374
* Kennedy, Michael, *Glyndebourne: A Brief History*, Oxford: Shire Publications, 2010. ISBN 978-0-7478-0821-3
* Norwich, John Julius, *Fifty Years of Glyndebourne*, London: Jonathan Cape Ltd., 1985. ISBN 0224023101 ISBN 0-224-02310-1


abstract: Ossówka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Koneck, within Aleksandrów County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.

text:
# Ossówka, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship

**Ossówka** \[ɔsˈsufka\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Koneck, within Aleksandrów County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.

## InfoBox

| Ossówka | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Ossówka | |
| Coordinates: 52°48′54″N 18°47′19″E / 52.81500°N 18.78861°E / 52.81500; 18.78861 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Kuyavian-Pomeranian |
| County | Aleksandrów |
| Gmina | Koneck |


title: Zağaltı

abstract: Zağaltı (Zaghalty) is a village in the Lachin District of Azerbaijan.

text:
# Zağaltı

39°53′05″N 46°20′07″E / 39.88472°N 46.33528°E / 39.88472; 46.33528

**Zağaltı** (*Zaghalty*) is a village in the Lachin District of Azerbaijan.

## InfoBox

| Zağaltı | |
| --- | --- |
| ZağaltıZağaltı | |
| Coordinates: 39°53′05″N 46°20′07″E / 39.88472°N 46.33528°E / 39.88472; 46.33528 | |
| Country | Azerbaijan |
| District | Lachin |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (AZT) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+5 (AZT) |


title: Mei Ze

abstract: Mei Ze, also known as Mei Yi (梅頤), was a Confucian scholar and government official of the Eastern Jin dynasty of ancient China. A native of Runan, Mei Ze served as governor of Yuzhang Commandery. After the establishment of the Eastern Jin, he presented a purported copy of Kong Anguo's lost compilation of the Old Text Shangshu to the emperor, which became officially recognized as a Confucian classic for over a millennium. However, Mei Ze's version of the Shangshu has been proven a forgery.

text:
# Mei Ze

**Mei Ze** (Chinese: 梅賾; fl. 4th century), also known as **Mei Yi** (梅頤), was a Confucian scholar and government official of the Eastern Jin dynasty of ancient China. A native of Runan (汝南, present-day Wuchang District, Hubei province), Mei Ze served as governor of Yuzhang Commandery (豫章, present-day Nanchang, Jiangxi province). After the establishment of the Eastern Jin, he presented a purported copy of Kong Anguo's lost compilation of the Old Text *Shangshu* (*Book of Documents*) to the emperor, which became officially recognized as a Confucian classic for over a millennium. However, Mei Ze's version of the *Shangshu* has been proven a forgery.

## Background

The *Shangshu*, a collection of documents written in the Zhou dynasty, is one of the Five Classics of Confucianism. Most copies of the book were destroyed in 213 BC, when the First Emperor of Qin ordered a large-scale burning of books. The scholar Fu Sheng hid a copy in the wall and later recovered 29 chapters of it, which is known as the "New Text" *Shangshu*. During the early Western Han dynasty, another copy was accidentally discovered hidden in the walls of the mansion of Confucius, which contained 16 more chapters than Fu Sheng's version. Scholar Kong Anguo compiled and wrote a commentary of the document, and presented it to the emperor. This version is called the "Old Text" *Shangshu*, which was however lost during the Eastern Han dynasty (25–220 AD).

## "Rediscovery" of the Old Text *Shangshu*

After the Yongjia Disturbance ended the Western Jin dynasty in 311 AD, the Jin court fled southeast to Jiankang. Emperor Yuan, the first emperor of Eastern Jin, asked the public to submit books to the court in order to replenish the imperial library which had been destroyed in the war. Mei Ze presented a "rediscovered" copy of Kong Anguo's Old Text *Shangshu* to the emperor, along with a preface purportedly written by Kong. Explaining the discovery, Mei Ze claimed that he acquired the documents from a certain Zang Cao (臧曹), who had previously obtained them from Liang Liu (梁柳), a cousin of the famous physician-scholar Huangfu Mi, and that he had salvaged the text from destruction in the warfare that ended the Western Jin. Zang Cao and Liang Liu had both been dead by the time Mei Ze presented the scripture to the emperor. The Jin court accepted Mei's version as authentic, and it became widely disseminated throughout the empire.

Mei Ze's version of the *Shangshu* includes Fu Sheng's New Text, which was redivided into 33 chapters, along with 25 extra chapters purportedly from Kong Anguo's lost Old Text, for a total of 58 chapters.

## Legacy

Mei Ze's Old Text *Shangshu* became highly influential. In the seventh century, during the early Tang dynasty, scholar Kong Yingda oversaw the imperial *Correct Meanings of the Five Classics* (五經正義) project, and Mei Ze's Old Text became the official version of the Confucian classic. The *Shangshu Zhengyi*, likely authored by Kong, provided the official interpretation of the text. Although many scholars had questioned the authenticity of Mei's version over the centuries, it maintained its official status and was the most influential version of the *Shangshu* for more than 1,000 years until the Qing dynasty, when the 17th-century scholar Yan Ruoqu devoted much of his lifetime to the study of the *Shangshu* and conclusively proved that Mei Ze's version was a forgery. Analyses of the recently discovered Tsinghua Bamboo Slips have further bolstered Yan's now widely accepted conclusion.

## InfoBox

| Mei Ze | |
| --- | --- |
| Other names | Mei Yi |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Influences | Fu Sheng<br>Kong Anguo |
| Academic work | |
| Era | Ancient philosophy |
| Discipline | Chinese philosophy |
| School or tradition | Confucianism |
| Main interests | *Shangshu* |
| Notable works | Old Text *Shangshu* (received) |
| Influenced | Kong Yingda |
|  | |


title: Mir Bashir (palmist)

abstract: Mir Bashir was a famous Kashmiri palmist born in 1907 in British India. Mir Bashir moved to England in 1948 and was the leading palmist of London at that time. During his research on palmistry, he collaborated with physicians and criminologists, maintaining a library of over fifty thousand handprints. He wrote the book How to Read Hands in 1955. In the Urdu language, his book's name is Ramoz-i-dust shunasi. He also wrote many articles in newspapers.

text:
# Mir Bashir (palmist)

**Mir Bashir** (Urdu **میر بشیر**) was a famous Kashmiri palmist born in 1907 in British India. Mir Bashir moved to England in 1948 and was the leading palmist of London at that time. During his research on palmistry, he collaborated with physicians and criminologists, maintaining a library of over fifty thousand handprints. He wrote the book *How to Read Hands* in 1955. In the Urdu language, his book's name is *Ramoz-i-dust shunasi*. He also wrote many articles in newspapers.

## InfoBox

| Mir Bashir | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1907<br>British India |
| Occupation | Astrologer |


title: Hue-tsiau

abstract: Hue-tsiau is a legendary bird in Taiwanese folklore associated with fire. Unlike mythical creatures such as phoenix, it is known for causing fires.

text:
# Hue-tsiau

**Hue-tsiau** (Chinese: 火鳥; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: *Hué-tsiáu*; lit. 'firebird') is a legendary bird in Taiwanese folklore associated with fire. Unlike mythical creatures such as phoenix, it is known for causing fires.

## Legend

According to the legend, the hue-tsiau often appears at night, and if it perch on a rooftop, a fire will break out in that house. Only Taoist priests and senior Buddhist monks can see it. If there is a bird's mating call from the roof or a dog inexplicably runs up onto the roof, it may be a sign of the hue-tsiau's presence. In such cases, it is necessary to invite a Taoist priest to host a fire prevention ritual.

Ordinary people cannot see the hue-tsiau, but during a raging fire, it will definitely circle in the sky, at which point even ordinary people will be able to see it.


title: Oenocarpus circumtextus

abstract: Oenocarpus circumtextus is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is found only in Colombia.

text:
# Oenocarpus circumtextus

***Oenocarpus circumtextus*** is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is found only in Colombia.

## InfoBox

| *Oenocarpus circumtextus* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Arecales |
| Family: | Arecaceae |
| Genus: | *Oenocarpus* |
| Species: | ***O. circumtextus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oenocarpus circumtextus***
Martius | |
|


title: Victor Jones (linebacker)

abstract: Victor Purnell Jones is an American former professional football linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Detroit Lions. He played college football at Virginia Tech and was selected in the twelfth round of the 1988 NFL draft. In 1994, Jones received the Ed Block Courage Award and made the list of Hokies in the Pro under the category of special teams.

text:
# Victor Jones (linebacker)

**Victor Purnell Jones** (born October 19, 1966) is an American former professional football linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Detroit Lions. He played college football at Virginia Tech and was selected in the twelfth round of the 1988 NFL draft.

In 1994, Jones received the Ed Block Courage Award and made the list of Hokies in the Pro under the category of special teams.

## College career

Jones was coached by Mike Archer. In the 1986 Peach Bowl, Jones recovered a fumble at the Virginia Tech 41 to help secure the win against NC State Wolfpack. The game was the final contest of the 1986 NCAA Division I-A football season for both teams, and ended in a 25–24 victory for Virginia Tech, the first bowl victory in school history.

## Professional career

### NFL Stats

| SEASON | TEAM | GP | GS | Sacks | FR | TACKLES |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1988 | TAM | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| 1989 | DET | 11 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 50 |
| 1990 | DET | 16 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 44 |
| 1991 | DET | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 13 |
| 1992 | DET | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| 1993 | DET | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
| 1994 | DET | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Totals |  | 93 | 15 | 1 | 3 | 124 |

## Personal life

Jones grew up in Rockville, Maryland. He currently lives in Charlotte, North Carolina. He has been an active member of the NFL Retired Players Association, Charlotte Chapter since 2000.

After leaving the NFL, Jones was a pharmaceutical account executive for Sanofi-Aventis from 1996 to 2001. In 2006, Jones and his wife Detra started a franchise called Girls Just Wanna Have Fun at Spa’ Ladi-da! for tweens. From 2001 to 2009 Jones owned SCW Residential Care, a retirement community. From 2011 to 2013 Jones was an owner of 212 Sports Network. In 2013 Jones became a State Farm insurance agent. In 2017 he moved to Maryland.

## InfoBox

Victor Jones
| No. 52, 57 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Linebacker |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1966-10-19) October 19, 1966<br>Rockville, Maryland, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) |
| Weight: | 250 lb (113 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Rockville (MD) Peary |
| College: | Virginia Tech |
| NFL draft: | 1988 / round: 12 / pick: 310 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Tackles: 124  Fumble recoveries: 3  Interceptions: 1 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Machani Somappa

abstract: Machani Somappa was an Indian industrialist, educationist, social worker and the founder of Machani Somappa group of companies. Born in 1904 at Yemmiganur in Kurnool district of the Madras Presidency, Somappa came to the fore during the famine of 1934 when he opened a relief centre for the famine hit weavers of his area and founded a cooperative society for the weavers, Yemmiganur Weavers Cooperative Society (YWCS), in 1938. Two years later, he set up the Machani Group and the business group has grown since 1940 to have interests in manufacturing, engineering, transport, agriculture, Information technology, energy, rural BPO, and retail brands. In 1960, he established Stumpp, Schuele and Somappa, a joint venture with renowned German spring manufacturers, Stumpp + Schuele. He had presence in educational field with the school he founded, Machani Somappa English Medium High School, in 1978. The Government of India honoured him in 1954, with the award of Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award for his contributions to the society, placing him among the first recipients of the award.

text:
# Machani Somappa

**Machani Somappa** was an Indian industrialist, educationist, social worker and the founder of Machani Somappa group of companies. Born in 1904 at Yemmiganur in Kurnool district of the Madras Presidency, Somappa came to the fore during the famine of 1934 when he opened a relief centre for the famine hit weavers of his area and founded a cooperative society for the weavers, *Yemmiganur Weavers Cooperative Society* (YWCS), in 1938. Two years later, he set up the Machani Group and the business group has grown since 1940 to have interests in manufacturing, engineering, transport, agriculture, Information technology, energy, rural BPO, and retail brands. In 1960, he established *Stumpp, Schuele and Somappa*, a joint venture with renowned German spring manufacturers, Stumpp + Schuele. He had presence in educational field with the school he founded, Machani Somappa English Medium High School, in 1978. The Government of India honoured him in 1954, with the award of Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award for his contributions to the society, placing him among the first recipients of the award.

## InfoBox

| Machani Somappa | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1904<br>Yemmiganur, Kurnool, Madras Presidency, India |
| Died | yemmiganur, Kurnool |
| Occupation(s) | Social worker, industrialist |
| Awards | Padma Shri |


title: Meelad Air

abstract: Meelad Air was a private aviation company and charter airline based in Amman, Jordan, specializing in short and long-term aircraft charter and lease, especially during Hajj and Umra season. It became operational in 2006 and was shut down again in 2008.

text:
# Meelad Air

**Meelad Air** was a private aviation company and charter airline based in Amman, Jordan, specializing in short and long-term aircraft charter and lease, especially during Hajj and Umra season. It became operational in 2006 and was shut down again in 2008.

## Fleet

The Meelad Air fleet included the following aircraft (as of March 2009):

As of August 2010, Meelad's MD-83s operate under Sky Express' AOC.

## InfoBox

Meelad Air
| IATA ICAO Call sign  - MRL - | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 2005 |
| Commenced operations | 2006 |
| Ceased operations | 2008 |
| Hubs | Marka International Airport |
| Fleet size | 2 |
| Destinations | Middle East / Europe / North Africa |
| Headquarters | Amman, Jordan |
| Key people | Joe Abbaya (Chief Executive) |
| Website | http://www.meeladair.com/ |


title: Megachile ciliatipes

abstract: Megachile ciliatipes is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1921.

text:
# Megachile ciliatipes

***Megachile ciliatipes*** is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1921.

## InfoBox

| *Megachile ciliatipes* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Megachilidae |
| Genus: | *Megachile* |
| Species: | ***M. ciliatipes*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Megachile ciliatipes***<br>Cockerell, 1921 | |
|


title: Megachile chrysorrhoea

abstract: Megachile chrysorrhoea is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae.

text:
# Megachile chrysorrhoea

***Megachile chrysorrhoea*** is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae.

## InfoBox

| *Megachile chrysorrhoea* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Megachilidae |
| Genus: | *Megachile* |
| Species: | ***M. chrysorrhoea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Megachile chrysorrhoea***<br>Gerstäcker, 1857 | |
|


title: Megalopyge brunneipennis

abstract: Megalopyge brunneipennis is a moth of the family Megalopygidae. It was described by Schaus in 1905. It is found in Brazil. The wingspan is 53 mm. The forewings are brown, the basal two-thirds with crinkly white scales along the costa, and transverse brownish streaks to the inner margin, and a dark brown spot at the end of the cell. The outer margin is broadly greyish brown without markings. The hindwings are greyish brown.

text:
# Megalopyge brunneipennis

***Megalopyge brunneipennis*** is a moth of the family Megalopygidae. It was described by Schaus in 1905. It is found in Brazil.

The wingspan is 53 mm. The forewings are brown, the basal two-thirds with crinkly white scales along the costa, and transverse brownish streaks to the inner margin, and a dark brown spot at the end of the cell. The outer margin is broadly greyish brown without markings. The hindwings are greyish brown.

## InfoBox

| *Megalopyge brunneipennis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Megalopygidae |
| Genus: | *Megalopyge* |
| Species: | ***M. brunneipennis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Megalopyge brunneipennis***<br>(Schaus, 1905) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Cyclara brunneipennis* Schaus, 1905 * *Lagoa superba* Edwards, 1884 * *Megalopyge vipera* Schaus, 1896 | |


title: Mehdi Tartar

abstract: Mehdi Tartar is an Iranian association football coach and former player who currently manages Gol Gohar in Persian Gulf Pro League. In September 2010 he was appointed manager of Iran Pro League team Rah Ahan after a spell as assistant at Persepolis but was sacked by club on July 14, 2011. Tartar was appointed as the head coach of Gahar Zagros for the season 2012–13 of Iran Pro League but he resigned from his position due to the financial problems the club was facing with in that time. He is son-in-law of Firouz Karimi, Iranian football head coach.

text:
# Mehdi Tartar

**Mehdi Tartar** (Persian: , born September 24, 1972, in Tehran) is an Iranian association football coach and former player who currently manages Gol Gohar in Persian Gulf Pro League.

In September 2010 he was appointed manager of Iran Pro League team Rah Ahan after a spell as assistant at Persepolis but was sacked by club on July 14, 2011. Tartar was appointed as the head coach of Gahar Zagros for the season 2012–13 of Iran Pro League but he resigned from his position due to the financial problems the club was facing with in that time. He is son-in-law of Firouz Karimi, Iranian football head coach.

## Club career

### Club career statistics

Last update  **June 3, 2010**

| Club performance | | | League | | Cup | | Continental | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
|
| Iran | | | League | | Hazfi Cup | | Asia | | Total | |
| 1999–00 | Persepolis | Azadegan League | 10 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 |
| 2000–01 | | | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
| 2001–02 | | Persian Gulf Cup | 19 | 0 | 3 | 0 | - | - | 22 | 0 |
| 2002–03 | | 9 | 0 |  |  | 3 | 0 |  |  |
| 2003–04 | | Aboomoslem |  | 2 |  |  | - | - |  |  |
| 2004–05 | |  | 0 |  |  | - | - |  |  |
| 2005–06 | | Rah Ahan | 28 | 2 |  |  | - | - |  |  |
| 2006–07 | | 27 | 4 |  |  | - | - |  |  |
| 2007–08 | | 22 | 1 |  |  | - | - |  |  |
| 2008–09 | | 26 | 0 |  |  | - | - |  |  |
|
| Total | Iran | |  | 9 |  |  | 6 | 0 |  |  |
| Career total | | |  | 9 |  |  | 6 | 0 |  |  |

* **Assist Goals**

| Season | Team | Assists |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 05–06 | Rah Ahan | 1 |
| 06–07 | Rah Ahan | 1 |
| 08–09 | Rah Ahan | 1 |
|

## Honours

### Player

Pas Persepolis Aboumoslem

### Managerial

Rah Ahan Pars Jam

### Individual

Mehdi Tartar at WorldFootball.net Mehdi Tartar on instagram Mehdi Tartar at Soccerway Mehdi Tartar at PersianLeague.com Mehdi Tartar at persianfootball.com Mehdi Tartar at teammellitalk.com

## InfoBox

Mehdi Tartar
|  | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Mehdi Tartar | | |
| Date of birth | (1972-09-24) September 24, 1972 | | |
| Place of birth | Tehran, Iran | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Gol Gohar (manager) | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1992–1994 | Tractor Sazi |  |  |
| 1994–1995 | Bahman |  |  |
| 1995–1999 | Pas |  |  |
| 1999–2003 | Persepolis | 45 | (0) |
| 2003–2005 | Aboomoslem | 56 | (2) |
| 2005–2009 | Rah Ahan | 103 | (7) |
| Total |  | **204** | **(9)** |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 2009–2010 | Rah Ahan | | |
| 2010–2011 | Rah Ahan | | |
| 2012 | Damash Gilan | | |
| 2012 | Gahar Zagros | | |
| 2014 | Gostaresh | | |
| 2014–2015 | Saba Qom | | |
| 2015–2016 | Rah Ahan | | |
| 2016–2019 | Pars Jonoubi | | |
| 2019–2020 | Naft Masjed Soleyman | | |
| 2020–2021 | Paykan | | |
| 2021–2023 | Zob Ahan | | |
| 2023–2024 | Malavan | | |
| 2024– | Gol Gohar | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Melanoleuca turrita

abstract: Melanoleuca turrita is a species of fungus belonging to the family Tricholomataceae. It is native to Europe.

text:
# Melanoleuca turrita

***Melanoleuca turrita*** is a species of fungus belonging to the family Tricholomataceae.

It is native to Europe.

## InfoBox

| *Melanoleuca turrita* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Tricholomataceae |
| Genus: | *Melanoleuca* |
| Species: | ***M. turrita*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Melanoleuca turrita***<br>(Fr.) Singer | |
|


title: Meldorfer Gelehrtenschule

abstract: The Meldorfer Gelehrtenschule (MGS) is a Highschool in Meldorf in the county Dithmarschen in Schleswig-Holstein. The school was founded as a Latin school in 1540. The School authority is the county Dithmarschen. As of 2014 there are 60 teachers and 886 students in 35 forms.

text:
# Meldorfer Gelehrtenschule

The **Meldorfer Gelehrtenschule** (*MGS*) is a Highschool in Meldorf in the county Dithmarschen in Schleswig-Holstein. The school was founded as a Latin school in 1540. The School authority is the county Dithmarschen. As of 2014 there are 60 teachers and 886 students in 35 forms.

## History

After its founding in 1540 two individual buildings were used as school buildings until they became too small, because of too many students and not enough space to build a library and rooms for science education. Until 1962 today's Dithmarschen county museum was the main school building. In 1962 the school and its students moved to the modern school building.

### Notable former teachers

* Martin Luserke (1880–1968), Progressive Pedagogue, Bard and Writer (1947–1952)

### Notable former students

## Sources

* Meldorfer Gelehrtenschule (Hrsg.): *Zu den öffentlichen Prüfungen der Meldorfer Gelehrtenschule, welche ... stattfinden werden, so wie zur Entlassung der Abiturienten ... ladet ergebenst ein*. Bundies, Meldorf 1843–1870 (Jg. 1867–1870 Digitized)
* Meldorfer Gelehrtenschule (Hrsg.): *Zur Feier des Geburtstages Sr. Majestät des Kaisers Wilhelm I., zu den öffentlichen Prüfungen der Meldorfer Gelehrtenschule ... und zur Entlassung der Abiturienten ... ladet ergebenst ein*. Bundies, Meldorf 1871–1872 (Digitized)
* Königliches Gymnasium Meldorf (Hrsg.): *Programm des Königlichen Gymnasiums zu Meldorf*. Bundies, Meldorf 1873–1881 (Jg. 1874 Digitized)
* Königliches Gymnasium Meldorf (Hrsg.): *Einladung zur Vorfeier des Geburtstages Sr. Maj. des Kaisers u. Königs, verbunden mit der Entlassung der Abiturienten ... und zu den öffentlichen Prüfungen der Klassen*. Bundies, Meldorf 1875 (Digitized)
* Königliches Gymnasium Meldorf (Hrsg.): *Jahresbericht über das Königliche Gymnasium zu Meldorf*. Meldorf 1882–1915 (Jg. 1884–1911; 1915 Digitized)
* Wilhelm Lorenz: *Geschichte des Königlichen Gymnasiums zu Meldorf bis zum Jahre 1777. Aus den Akten. Festschrift zum 350jährigen Jubiläum der Anstalt*. Bundies, Meldorf 1891 (Digitized)
* Wilhelm Lorenz: *Festbericht über die Feier des 350jährigen Jubliäums des Königlichen Gymnasiums zu Meldorf am 2. und 3. Juli 1891*. Bundies, Meldorf 1892 (Digitized)
* Wilhelm Lorenz, Philipp Grühn: *Katalog der Bibliothek des Gymnasiums in Meldorf*. Sell, Greifswald 1895 (Digitized)

54°05′40″N 9°04′19″E / 54.0944°N 9.0720°E / 54.0944; 9.0720

## InfoBox

| Meldorfer Gelehrtenschule | |
| --- | --- |
| School buildings in 1962 | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| Meldorfer Gelehrtenschule
An den Anlagen 16
Meldorf, Dithmarschen, Schleswig-Holstein 25704
Germany | |
| Information | |
| Type | Gymnasium |
| Founded | 1540 (1540) |
| Faculty | 60 |
| Enrolment | 886 (2014) |
| Website | mgs-meldorf.de |


title: Meldorf-Land

abstract:
Kirchspielslandgemeinde Meldorf-Land was an Amt in the district of Dithmarschen, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It was situated around Meldorf, which was the seat of the Amt, but not part of it. On 25 May 2008, it merged with the Amt Kirchspielslandgemeinde Albersdorf and the town Meldorf to form the Amt Mitteldithmarschen. The Amt Kirchspielslandgemeinde Meldorf-Land consisted of the following municipalities:
  - Bargenstedt (925)
  - Barlt (844)
  - Busenwurth (331)
  - Elpersbüttel (915)
  - Epenwöhrden (808)
  - Gudendorf (425)
  - Krumstedt (556)
  - Nindorf (1,165)
  - Nordermeldorf (649)
  - Odderade (325)
  - Sarzbüttel (735)
  - Windbergen (841)
  - Wolmersdorf (345)

text:
# Meldorf-Land

**Kirchspielslandgemeinde Meldorf-Land** was an *Amt* ("collective municipality") in the district of Dithmarschen, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It was situated around Meldorf, which was the seat of the *Amt*, but not part of it. On 25 May 2008, it merged with the *Amt* Kirchspielslandgemeinde Albersdorf and the town Meldorf to form the *Amt* Mitteldithmarschen.

The *Amt* Kirchspielslandgemeinde Meldorf-Land consisted of the following municipalities (with population in 2005):

1. Bargenstedt (925)
2. Barlt (844)
3. Busenwurth (331)
4. Elpersbüttel (915)
5. Epenwöhrden (808)
6. Gudendorf (425)
7. Krumstedt (556)
8. Nindorf (1,165)
9. Nordermeldorf (649)
10. Odderade (325)
11. Sarzbüttel (735)
12. Windbergen (841)
13. Wolmersdorf (345)

54°05′N 9°04′E / 54.083°N 9.067°E / 54.083; 9.067

## InfoBox

| Meldorf-Land | |
| --- | --- |
| Former amt | |
|  | |
| Map of Dithmarschen highlighting Meldorf-Land | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Schleswig-Holstein |
| District | Dithmarschen |
| Disestablished | 25 May 2008 |
| Region seat | Meldorf |
| Area | |
| Total | 200 km2 (80 sq mi) |


title: Petroleum och tång

abstract: Petroleum och tång was released on 14 November 2007, and is a studio album by Eva Dahlgren, with her ballad hit songs between 1980-2005.

text:
# Petroleum och tång

**Petroleum och tång** was released on 14 November 2007, and is a studio album by Eva Dahlgren, with her ballad hit songs between 1980-2005.

## Track listing

1. Petroleum och tång
2. Vad andra gör
3. Jag är inte fri
4. Novemberregn
5. Ingen är som jag
6. Skuggorna faller över dig
7. När jag såg dig
8. Varje dag
9. Du och jag
10. Ord
11. Syre och eld

## Contributors

## Charts

| Chart (2007-2008) | Peak position |
| --- | --- |
| Finland | 17 |
| Sweden | 3 |

## InfoBox

| Petroleum och tång | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Eva Dahlgren | |
| Released | November 14, 2007 (2007-11-14) |
| Recorded | Studios 301 (Stockholm, Sweden) |
| Genre | Swedish pop |
| Length | 49 minutes |
| Label | EMI Music Sweden |
| Eva Dahlgren chronology | |
| *En blekt blondins ballader*
(2007) ***Petroleum och tång***
(2007) *Tid*
(2012) | |


title: Peripheral bus

abstract: In computing, a peripheral bus is a computer bus designed to support computer peripherals like printers and hard drives. The term is generally used to refer to systems that offer support for a wide variety of devices, like Universal Serial Bus, as opposed to those that are dedicated to specific types of hardware. Serial AT Attachment, or SATA is designed and optimized for communication with mass storage devices. This usage is not universal, some definitions of peripheral bus include any bus that is not a system bus, including examples like PCI. Others treat PCI and similar systems as a third category, the expansion bus.

text:
# Peripheral bus

In computing, a **peripheral bus** is a computer bus designed to support computer peripherals like printers and hard drives. The term is generally used to refer to systems that offer support for a wide variety of devices, like Universal Serial Bus, as opposed to those that are dedicated to specific types of hardware. Serial AT Attachment, or SATA is designed and optimized for communication with mass storage devices.

This usage is not universal, some definitions of peripheral bus include any bus that is not a system bus, including examples like PCI. Others treat PCI and similar systems as a third category, the expansion bus.

## Examples


title: Ossonis hirsutipes

abstract: Ossonis hirsutipes is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1922. The species is native to the island of Borneo.

text:
# Ossonis hirsutipes

***Ossonis hirsutipes*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1922. The species is native to the island of Borneo (territory split between the countries of Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei).

## InfoBox

| *Ossonis hirsutipes* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Ossonis* |
| Species: | ***O. hirsutipes*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ossonis hirsutipes***<br>Aurivillius, 1922 | |
|


title: Zdeněk Pouzar

abstract: Zdeněk Pouzar was a Czech mycologist. Along with František Kotlaba, he published several works about the taxonomy of polypore, corticioid, and gilled fungi. Pouzar was a noted expert on stromatic pyrenomycetes. Until 2012, he was the editor-in-chief of the scientific journal Czech Mycology. Pouzar died on 4 June 2023, at the age of 91. The standard author abbreviation Pouzar is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

text:
# Zdeněk Pouzar

**Zdeněk Pouzar** (13 April 1932 – 4 June 2023) was a Czech mycologist. Along with František Kotlaba, he published several works about the taxonomy of polypore, corticioid, and gilled fungi. Pouzar was a noted expert on stromatic pyrenomycetes. Until 2012, he was the editor-in-chief of the scientific journal *Czech Mycology*.

Pouzar died on 4 June 2023, at the age of 91.

The standard author abbreviation Pouzar is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.


title: Zdeněk Pospěch

abstract: Zdeněk Pospěch is a Czech former professional footballer. He normally played as a defender in a right back position, but could also play on the right side of midfield.

text:
# Zdeněk Pospěch

**Zdeněk Pospěch** (Czech pronunciation: \[ˈzdɛɲɛk ˈpospjɛx\]; born 14 December 1978) is a Czech former professional footballer. He normally played as a defender in a right back position, but could also play on the right side of midfield.

## Club career

Pospěch started his professional career in SFC Opava. After two loan-out deals to FK Dukla Hranice and Fotbal Třinec he moved to FC Baník Ostrava in 2001. After four years in Ostrava, he moved on to Sparta Prague. In 2005, he made his national team debut in a friendly match against Sweden.

On 23 January 2008, his 1.9 million move to Danish F.C. Copenhagen were announced. Here he joined his friend Libor Sionko.

In the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League, Pospěch was named in UEFA's "Team of the week".

He signed for Bundesliga side 1. FSV Mainz 05 on a two-year-contract on 28 February 2011 and joined after the 2010–11 season when his contract with Copenhagen expired.

In July 2014 he returned to SFC Opava which played in the Czech second division and where he started with professional football.

## International career

On 17 August 2005, Pospech made his debut in the senior team of the Czech Republic, as he played one half of the match in a 1–2 defeat against Sweden. In October 2007, he made his third appearances for the national team starting in a 3–0 win at the Allianz Arena against Germany in qualifying for Euro 2008. With the win against the already qualified German team, the Czech Republic had also qualified to compete in the European Championships and won the championship lead, which no longer blazes the team until the end of the qualification, which was synonymous with the group winners. In May 2008 Pospech was nominated together with Libor Sionko (also standing at this time F.C. Copenhagen under contract) in the squad for Euro 2008. However, he came in this tournament to no use.

In the qualifying matches for the 2010 World Cup he played seven times scoring one goal, while the team failed to qualify for the World Cup.

To March 2011 Pospech before played in all games in qualifying for Euro 2012, before then in August of that year with the Czech team in a friendly match in Oslo against Norway 0–3 loss, but the team is one of the worst performances showed in recent years. He was then replaced by Theodor Gebre Selassie from the starting line and Pospech played only four times in the remaining six games in the 2011 calendar year. On 15 November 2011, Pospech played for the last time for the senior team of the Czech Republic, as he came on the pitch in the second leg of the European Championship qualification Barrage against Montenegro.

## Honours

## InfoBox

Zdeněk Pospěch
|  | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Date of birth | (1978-12-14) 14 December 1978 | | |
| Place of birth | Opava, Czechoslovakia | | |
| Height | 1.74 m (5 ft 9 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Right back | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 1985–1991 | FK Kylešovice | | |
| 1991–1996 | SFC Opava | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1996–2001 | SFC Opava | 34 | (3) |
| 1997–1998 | → Dukla Hranice (loan) | 18 | (2) |
| 1998–1999 | Fotbal Třinec (loan) | 20 | (2) |
| 1999 | FC NH Ostrava (loan) | 15 | (1) |
| 2001–2005 | Baník Ostrava | 114 | (20) |
| 2005–2007 | Sparta Prague | 72 | (6) |
| 2008–2011 | F.C. Copenhagen | 108 | (13) |
| 2011–2014 | Mainz 05 | 82 | (1) |
| 2014–2017 | SFC Opava | 59 | (5) |
| Total |  | **522** | **(53)** |
| International career | | | |
| 2005–2011 | Czech Republic | 31 | (2) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Zahir-ud-Daula

abstract: Sir Zahir-ud-Daula Bahadur GCSI was the titular Nawab of Arcot from 1874 to 1879.

text:
# Zahir-ud-Daula

**Sir Zahir-ud-Daula Bahadur** GCSI (died 16 June 1879) was the titular Nawab of Arcot from 1874 to 1879.

## Early life

Zahir-ud-Daula was the son of Azim Jah, the first Nawab of Arcot and cousin to Ghulam Muhammad Ghouse Khan, the twelfth and last Nawab of the Carnatic.

## Reign

Zahir-ud-Daula was recognized as the titular Nawab of Arcot or Amir-i-Arcot on the death of his father Azim Jah in 1874. In 1876, he moved the official residence to the Amir Mahal. He also participated in the Delhi Durbar of January 1877, during which the proclamation of Queen Victoria as the Empress of India was made. Zahir-ud-Daula was awarded the GCSI and the honour of a 15-gun salute.

## Death

Zahir-ud-Daula died in 1879 and was buried with state honours.

* "Sir Zahir-ud-Daula Bahadur (1874-1879)". The Royal House of Arcot.


abstract: The National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice and Standards was appointed by Richard Nixon's administration in 1971 to advise on how to improve state criminal justice agencies. The group of 22 members conducted multiple studies and published over 400 recommendations which influenced reform and were discussed in the news media including The New York Times.

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# National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals

The **National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice and Standards** was appointed by Richard Nixon's administration in 1971 to advise on how to improve state criminal justice agencies. The group of 22 members conducted multiple studies and published over 400 recommendations which influenced reform and were discussed in the news media including *The New York Times*.

## Background and mandate

Crime rates for the most common types of street crime such as murder, robbery, assaults, forcible rape, and burglary increased dramatically during the 1960s. The rising crime rates caught the attention of federal legislators. The United States Congress passed the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 ("Act") to address the problem. In the Act itself, Congress expressly noted that crime was essentially a state and local concern, but it found that the problem of increasing crime required federal aid to strengthen state and local criminal police, courts, and correction agencies. Title I of the Act created Law Enforcement Assistance Administration ("LEAA") in the United States Department of Justice to administer monies to states and localities through federal grants.

President Richard Nixon's Attorney General, John N. Mitchell, determined that state criminal justice agencies would benefit from advisory standards and goals based on actual experience in the various states. He directed LEAA to provide the financial support and the initiative for the effort. LEAA responded by creating and funding in 1973 the National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals made up of state and local political leaders and criminal justice professionals. The Commission's mandate was to create goals and standards for state and local governments to reduce crime and improve criminal justice.

## Commission members

The Administrator of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration ("LEAA'), Jerris Leonard, appointed the Republican governor of Delaware, Russell W. Peterson to serve as Chairman of the Commission and Los Angeles County Sheriff, Peter J. Pitchess, to serve as Vice Chairman. The Executive Director of the Commission's staff was Thomas J. Madden, and its Deputy Director was Lawrence J. Leigh. Although LEAA selected the members of the Commission and its 12 specialized task forces, it did not direct the Commission's work or its product.

The 22 Commission members included law enforcement, judicial, community and political leaders from various levels of state and local government. Membership included police chiefs, judges, prosecutors, corrections leaders, and private attorneys. Among the members of the Commission who later had long political careers in the United States Senate were Arlen Spector, District Attorney of Philadelphia, and Richard G. Lugar, Mayor of Indianapolis.

## Work and reports

In 1973, the Commission finished its work and issued a summary volume, *A National Strategy to Reduce Crime*, which presented a broad picture of the Commission's work and summarized its approximately 400 standards and recommendations. For example, they included standards for criminal justice information systems, recruitment of minorities, community policing, speedy trial processing and treatment and rehabilitation of offenders. The Commission also recognized the importance of community organizations and programs outside the formal criminal system by issuing standards and recommendations for areas as diverse as community drug abuse treatment centers and the physical design of public places such as parks and buildings. The Commission presented the full text of each standard and recommendation with commentary in five separate volumes defined by subject matter entitled *Criminal Justice System*, *Police*, *Courts*, *Corrections*, and *Community Crime Prevention*.

## Commission and the news media

As noted in a commercially published edition of the Commission's work in 1975, certain specific standards and recommendations caught the attention of the news media such as a proposed ban on plea bargaining. One newsworthy recommendation was that each state should outlaw the private possession of handguns by 1983. As noted above, another recommendation was the abolition of plea bargaining: the negotiation of prosecutorial charging and sentencing recommendations in return for guilty pleas. Still another groundbreaking recommendation was that most offenders receive a maximum sentence of no more than five years except for career offenders. The Commission's call for privacy and security standards for criminal justice information systems such as criminal records and police intelligence files also received notice.

## Effect on structural reforms

The full impact of the Commission's approximately 400 standards and recommendations is beyond the scope of this article. However, there is evidence that the Commission's work did have an impact on professional development and structural reform of the police, courts, prosecutorial and public defender agencies in certain states. These included unification of correctional systems under statewide agencies and state-administered and financed judicial, prosecutorial and defender systems as well as the consolidation of smaller police departments into larger agencies. The Commission's report also inspired and spurred the adoption of a federal regulation governing criminal justice information systems. The Commission's proposal to ban plea bargaining was adopted in the state of Alaska, but not in major cities. Finally, the Commission's Report also contributed to and shaped judicial opinions towards constitutional and legislative standards in Supreme Court and lower court decisions.


title: Zeitlbach

abstract: Zeitlbach is a river of Bavaria, Germany. It flows into the Glonn near Erdweg.

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# Zeitlbach

**Zeitlbach** is a river of Bavaria, Germany. It flows into the Glonn near Erdweg.

## InfoBox

| Zeitlbach | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Bavaria |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Glonn |
| coordinates | 48°20′15″N 11°18′53″E / 48.33750°N 11.31472°E / 48.33750; 11.31472 |
| Length | 10.3 km (6.4 mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | GlonnAmperIsarDanubeBlack Sea |


title: Zenises

abstract: Zenises is a multinational tyre company with headquarters in London and Dubai and four other offices in Germany, Italy, Spain, and Australia. Founded in 2014 by CEO Harjeev Kandhari, a third generation tyre entrepreneur, the company designs and produces its own private label tyre, or "tire" in America, brands in partnership with manufacturing facilities in Asia. The organisation's name combines the words ‘Zen’ and ‘Genesis’ to demonstrate their reflective corporate philosophy. In 2016, Zenises recently entered the Guinness Book of World Records by presenting the world's most expensive tire at US$600,000 for a set of four tyres. Zenises donates 10% of all profits to its own charity to support, feed, educate underprivileged families and children.

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# Zenises

**Zenises** is a multinational tyre company with headquarters in London and Dubai and four other offices in Germany, Italy, Spain, and Australia.

Founded in 2014 by CEO Harjeev Kandhari, a third generation tyre entrepreneur, the company designs and produces its own private label tyre, or "tire" in America, brands in partnership with manufacturing facilities in Asia. The organisation's name combines the words ‘Zen’ and ‘Genesis’ to demonstrate their reflective corporate philosophy.

In 2016, Zenises recently entered the Guinness Book of World Records by presenting the world's most expensive tire at US$600,000 for a set of four tyres.

Zenises donates 10% of all profits to its own charity (the Zenises Foundation) to support, feed, educate underprivileged families and children.

## Guinness Book of World Records

Z Tyre designed a special set of Z1 tyres to be unveiled at Reifen Essen 2016 and entered the Guinness Book of World Records for producing the world's most expensive set of car tyres, valued at $600,000. The record was announced by Guinness Book of World Records adjudicator, Sophia Greenacre.

The Z-branded 295/35 ZR21 107Y XL tyres were produced in the Sentury Tire factory in Quindago, Shandong Province, China. They were designed in Dubai by Zenises CEO Harjeev Kandhari, decorated with diamonds by artisan jewelers in Italy before being returned to Dubai for the application of 24-karat gold leafing.

The tyres were sold to a private buyer and all profits were donated to the Zenises Foundation.

## Brands

Zenises is the proprietor of the European ZTYRE.COM and T tyre brand names and distributes and markets many other tyre brands including:

Unveiled in 2014, **Z Tyre** is the private tyre brand of Zenises. Designed and produced for high performance cars and SUV fitments, Z Tyre now counts a range of over 70 dimensions and also incorporates run-flat technology tyres.

**Westlake's tyres** are produced by the Hangzhou Zhongce Rubber Company. In April 2015, Zenises announced the launch of its new Westlake distribution in Spain and Portugal, aiming to ultimately establish 100 Westlake retail outlets. Zenises has exclusive distribution agreements for the sale of the Westlake car and truck tyre brand in several European countries.

Zenises began distributing Triangle truck and bus tyres in Germany at the start of 2016.

In 2015, Zenies started distributing the Kapsen tyre brand in Spain and Italy and agreed to develop channels for the Ardent car tyre range across Europe.

iLink is a new truck and bus tyre brand distributed by Zenises.

## New business model

In 2016, Zenises announced its Z Tyre Flat Rate program in Germany, with its partner Alzura. A monthly subscription of EUR 4.99 covers all new tyre related costs, and allows customers to fit or upgrade tyres when needed. The service is currently available in Germany through Alzura X and its 600 partner stores nationwide.

## Zenises Foundation

The Zenesis Foundation has three areas of focus:

* **Z Aspire** provides support to underprivileged children throughout their education until masters level. It also provides three scholarships to Oxford University, as well as an endowment for a university chair at St Peter's College.
* **T OuTreach** has been established to identify and support good causes. The initiative works with local and international communities where Zenises operates to support and mentor college students.
* **Westlake Wishes** ensures that impoverished families and children get daily nutritious food. The initiative provides nourishing four-course meals to 125,000 people in a single day in India. In South Africa, it provided a daily nutritious breakfast for all the children at the Kiddies' Paradise School in Rosettenville, Johannesburg.

## Zenises Motorsports

The Zenises Motorsport team competes in global drifting events. In 2014, lead racer Steve 'Baggsy' Biagioni competed in 24 competition events with the Acorn Zenises Motorsport Nissan S13. In the same year, Baggsy lifted the Kings of the Kings Superfinals trophy at the event in Valletta, Malta.

In 2016, the Zenises Motorsport team competes in two racing series — the global Drift Allstars series and the British Drift Championship. In January 2016, Steve Biagioni won the inaugural event at Yas Marina Circuit in Abu Dhabi. Baggsy also won the Drift All Stars Final in Hungary in August.

Zenises also sponsored a new rally car for 2016, a modified BMW E36 Compact that will race in Germany, Belgium and Luxembourg.

Other drivers in the Acorn Zenises Motorsport team include Michael Marshall.

## InfoBox

Zenises
|
|  |
| Industry | Distribution |
| Founded | 2014 (2014)
London |
| Headquarters | United Kingdom |
| Key people | Harjeev Kandhari
(CEO) |
| Products | Tyres |
| Website | www.zenises.com |


abstract: The National Lighthouse Museum is a museum in St. George, Staten Island, New York City, United States, that is dedicated to the history of lighthouses and their keepers. It officially opened in 2015. The museum is located within the former Foundry Building of the United States Lighthouse Service General Depot, later the Staten Island Coast Guard Station.

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# National Lighthouse Museum (New York City)

The **National Lighthouse Museum** is a museum in St. George, Staten Island, New York City, United States, that is dedicated to the history of lighthouses and their keepers. It officially opened in 2015. The museum is located within the former Foundry Building of the United States Lighthouse Service General Depot, later the Staten Island Coast Guard Station.

## Site selection and opening

The American Lighthouse Coordinating Committee (ALCC) issued a nationwide Request for Proposals (RFP) for a National Lighthouse Center and Museum in 1998. The site selected was the St. George Coast Guard Station, a National Register of Historic Places listing and a city landmark, and the former location of the New York Marine Hospital and the Staten Island Quarantine War.

On November 9, 2001, the New York State Board of Regents issued a charter to the National Lighthouse Center and Museum. However, the museum had trouble raising funds: by 2000, it had raised only 2% of the $5 million necessary to start operations, despite being in the second year of a five-year fundraising drive. As a result, the museum opening was subsequently postponed from 2001 to 2003. The museum board was dissolved in 2009, with officials citing slow fundraising activity following the September 11 attacks in 2001, as well as the budget rising to $15 million. By that time, the New York City Economic Development Corporation (EDC) had spent $8 million on stabilizing the structures at the Coast Guard Station. In 2013, John Catsimatidis donated $105,000 toward the museum. The same year, the museum board was reconvened, and the EDC asked the board to procure $350,000 in exchange for the EDC renting out the foundry for the museum's use for $1 per year. The museum was finally opened in 2015 within the former foundry.

40°38′27″N 74°04′30″W / 40.64071°N 74.07499°W / 40.64071; -74.07499


title: National Savings and Trust Company

abstract: The National Savings and Trust Company is a historic bank building located at the corner of New York Avenue and 15th Street, NW in Downtown Washington, D.C. It has also been known as the National Safe Deposit Company and the National Safe Deposit Savings and Trust Company.

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# National Savings and Trust Company

The **National Savings and Trust Company** is a historic bank building located at the corner of New York Avenue and 15th Street, NW in Downtown Washington, D.C. It has also been known as the **National Safe Deposit Company** and the **National Safe Deposit Savings and Trust Company**.

## History

It was designed by architect James H. Windrim and built in 1888. The Queen Anne Style building is constructed in red brick, and elaborately detailed with copper and terra cotta.

The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 16, 1972, and is a contributing property to the Financial Historic District.

As of 2024, the building was occupied by a branch of Truist, based in Charlotte, North Carolina. Truist's predecessor SunTrust Banks had taken ownership of the structure when it acquired Crestar Bank, which itself had previously taken control of the National Savings and Trust Company.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| National Savings and Trust Company | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district<br>Contributing property | |
|  | |
| National Savings and Trust Company in 2017 | |
|  | |
| Location | New York Avenue and 15th Street, NW, Washington, D.C. |
| Coordinates | 38°53′57.2″N 77°2′0″W / 38.899222°N 77.03333°W / 38.899222; -77.03333 |
| Built | 1888 |
| Architect | James H. Windrim |
| Architectural style | Queen Anne Style |
| NRHP reference No. | 72001428 |
| Added to NRHP | March 16, 1972 |


title: Zapote Bridge

abstract: Zapote Bridge is a stone arch pedestrian bridge crossing the Zapote River in the Philippines. It connects the cities of Las Piñas in Metro Manila and Bacoor in the province of Cavite. The bridge and its surrounding area was the site of two battles, the Battle of Zapote Bridge (1897) between Filipino revolutionaries and the Spanish colonial government in 1897 during the Philippine Revolution, and the Battle of Zapote River between Filipino and American forces in 1899 during the Philippine–American War. Because of these historic events, the bridge was designated as a National Historical Landmark by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines on September 9, 2013. A modern concrete bridge, also named Zapote Bridge, carrying motorized vehicles and part of Aguinaldo Highway was constructed parallel to the original bridge.

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# Zapote Bridge

**Zapote Bridge** is a stone arch pedestrian bridge crossing the Zapote River in the Philippines. It connects the cities of Las Piñas in Metro Manila and Bacoor in the province of Cavite. The bridge and its surrounding area was the site of two battles, the Battle of Zapote Bridge (1897) between Filipino revolutionaries and the Spanish colonial government in 1897 during the Philippine Revolution, and the Battle of Zapote River between Filipino and American forces in 1899 during the Philippine–American War. Because of these historic events, the bridge was designated as a National Historical Landmark by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines on September 9, 2013.

A modern concrete bridge, also named Zapote Bridge, carrying motorized vehicles and part of Aguinaldo Highway was constructed parallel to the original bridge.

## InfoBox

| Zapote Bridge | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Coordinates | 14°27′50.36″N 120°57′59.00″E / 14.4639889°N 120.9663889°E / 14.4639889; 120.9663889 |
| Carries | pedestrians |
| Crosses | Zapote River and Zapote River Drive |
| Locale | Las Piñas, Metro Manila<br>and Bacoor, Cavite |
| Maintained by | Department of Public Works and Highways |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | stone arch bridge |
| Location | |
|  | |


title: Zester

abstract: A zester is a kitchen utensil for obtaining zest from lemons and other citrus fruit. A kitchen zester is approximately four inches (100 mm) long, with a handle and a curved metal end, the top of which is perforated with a row of round holes with sharpened rims. To operate, the zester is pressed with moderate force against the fruit and drawn across its peel. The rims cut the zest from the pith underneath. The zest is cut into ribbons, one drawn through each hole. Other tools are also sometimes called zesters because they too are able to separate the zest from a citrus fruit. For example, when Microplane discovered that its surform type wood rasps had become popular as food graters and zesters, it adapted the woodworking tools and marketed them as "zester / graters".

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# Zester

A **zester** (also **citrus zester** or **lemon zester**) is a kitchen utensil for obtaining zest from lemons and other citrus fruit. A kitchen zester is approximately four inches (100 mm) long, with a handle and a curved metal end, the top of which is perforated with a row of round holes with sharpened rims. To operate, the zester is pressed with moderate force against the fruit and drawn across its peel. The rims cut the zest from the pith underneath. The zest is cut into ribbons, one drawn through each hole.

Other tools are also sometimes called zesters because they too are able to separate the zest from a citrus fruit. For example, when Microplane discovered that its surform type wood rasps had become popular as food graters and zesters, it adapted the woodworking tools and marketed them as "zester / graters".

Media related to Zesters at Wikimedia Commons


title: Zesterfleth (family)

abstract: The Zesterfleth family is an ancient Northern German noble family with origins traceable to the early 14th century ministerial and lord Marquardt of Tzestersflete. Notable descendants include John II Gryse of Zesterfleth, then dean of the Bremian chapter, later bishop of Verden from 1381 until his death in 1388, who precipitated a local uproar by publicly accusing Albert (Albrecht) II of Brunswick-Wolffenbüttel of being "man and woman simultaneously", likely alleging hermaphroditism. Diedrich von Zesterfleth, a descendant of the Hanoverian Zesterfleths, was granted the French Baron title by Jérôme Bonaparte, King of Westphalia in 1813. Gregor von Zesterfleth of a Prussian family branch was created a Freiherr in Bavaria in the year 1833.

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# Zesterfleth (family)

The **Zesterfleth family** is an ancient Northern German noble family with origins traceable to the early 14th century ministerial and lord Marquardt of Tzestersflete.

Notable descendants include John (Johann, Johannes) II Gryse of Zesterfleth, then dean of the Bremian chapter, later bishop of Verden from 1381 until his death in 1388, who precipitated a local uproar by publicly accusing Albert (Albrecht) II of Brunswick-Wolffenbüttel of being "man and woman simultaneously", likely alleging hermaphroditism.

Diedrich von Zesterfleth, a descendant of the Hanoverian Zesterfleths, was granted the French Baron title by Jérôme Bonaparte, King of Westphalia in 1813. Gregor von Zesterfleth of a Prussian family branch was created a Freiherr in Bavaria in the year 1833.

## Name and history

Its surname derives from a no longer existent hamlet near Jork, Lower Saxony likely destroyed and washed away in a storm surge estimated to have occurred around the year 1412 ("Cäcilienflut").

Many hardly identifiable spelling variants of the family name appear in literature, complicating definite historical research. Branches of the family emigrated to France, England, the Netherlands and Scandinavia starting from the 18th century.

## InfoBox

| Zesterfleth | |
| --- | --- |
| Noble family of baronial rank | |
| Coat of arms escutcheon depicts three leftwards facing, horizontally aligned silver knives with golden handles | |
| Country | Germany |
| Place of origin | Lower Saxony |
| Titles | Junker, Freiherr, Baron |
| Motto | "Panem et Aram" |


title: Zeybekçayırı, Çan

abstract: Zeybekçayırı is a village in the Çan District of Çanakkale Province in Turkey. Its population is 107 (2021).

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# Zeybekçayırı, Çan

**Zeybekçayırı** is a village in the Çan District of Çanakkale Province in Turkey. Its population is 107 (2021).

## InfoBox

| Zeybekçayırı | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| ZeybekçayırıLocation in TurkeyZeybekçayırıZeybekçayırı (Marmara) | |
| Coordinates: 39°53′N 27°01′E / 39.883°N 27.017°E / 39.883; 27.017 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Çanakkale |
| District | Çan |
| Population (2021) | 107 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


abstract: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Loving County, Texas. This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Loving County, Texas. With a 2010 population of 82 residents, Loving County was once the least populous county in the United States. Despite its small size, the county has one historic property listed on the National Register.           This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.

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# National Register of Historic Places listings in Loving County, Texas

This is a list of the **National Register of Historic Places listings in Loving County, Texas**.

This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Loving County, Texas. With a 2010 population of 82 residents, Loving County was once the least populous county in the United States. Despite its small size, the county has one historic property listed on the National Register.

*This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.*

## Current listings

The locations of National Register properties may be seen in a mapping service provided.

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Loving County Courthouse |  | May 10, 2006
(#06000362) | Bounded by Pecos St., Collins St., Dallas St., and TX 302
31°42′23″N 103°35′55″W / 31.706389°N 103.598611°W / 31.706389; -103.598611 (Loving County Courthouse) | Mentone |  |

Media related to National Register of Historic Places in Loving County, Texas at Wikimedia Commons


title: National Museum of Military Vehicles

abstract: The National Museum of Military Vehicles is a military history museum in Dubois, Wyoming. Established in 2020, the 160,000-square-foot (15,000 m⁲) museum was founded by Dan and Cynthia Starks and built between May 2017 and August 2020. More than 500 military vehicles and a significant firearms collection are on display at the museum along with other artifacts. Starks, a former lawyer and medical industry CEO, funded the $100 million museum. Items on display include hardware ranging from the Spanish American War up until the Iraq War and War in Afghanistan (2001-2021). The museum contains four main galleries and an outdoor "Wall of Reflection". A second major building on campus, The Poolaw Building, opened in September 2022. The building is named after First Lieutenant Pascal C. Poolaw Sr., who served with the United States Army in World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. He is the United States' most decorated Native American, with 42 medals and citations, including four Silver Stars, five Bronze Stars, as well as three Purple Hearts – one for each war. The tour begins in the Unknown Soldiers Weapons Vault, whose main attraction is the rifle used to fire the first shots at the Battle of Bunker Hill. Guests will also find the Karl Smith collection - a world-class, extensive review of U.S. bayonets, muskets and swords; an Assembly Room with high-tech audio and video and seating for up to 500; The Canteen, a restaurant for guests; a commercial kitchen and administrative offices. In 2023, the National Museum of Military Vehicles has received awards such as the TripAdvisor "Traveler's Choice" award for two years in a row and has received increased media coverage.

text:
# National Museum of Military Vehicles

The **National Museum of Military Vehicles** is a military history museum in Dubois, Wyoming.

Established in 2020, the 160,000-square-foot (15,000 m2) museum was founded by Dan and Cynthia Starks and built between May 2017 and August 2020. More than 500 military vehicles and a significant firearms collection are on display at the museum along with other artifacts. Starks, a former lawyer and medical industry CEO, funded the $100 million museum.

Items on display include hardware ranging from the Spanish American War up until the Iraq War and War in Afghanistan (2001-2021). The museum contains four main galleries and an outdoor "Wall of Reflection".

A second major building on campus, The Poolaw Building, opened in September 2022. The building is named after First Lieutenant Pascal C. Poolaw Sr., who served with the United States Army in World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. He is the United States' most decorated Native American, with 42 medals and citations, including four Silver Stars, five Bronze Stars, as well as three Purple Hearts – one for each war.

The tour begins in the Unknown Soldiers Weapons Vault, whose main attraction is the rifle used to fire the first shots at the Battle of Bunker Hill. Guests will also find the Karl Smith collection - a world-class, extensive review of U.S. bayonets, muskets and swords; an Assembly Room with high-tech audio and video and seating for up to 500; The Canteen, a restaurant for guests; a commercial kitchen and administrative offices.

In 2023, the National Museum of Military Vehicles has received awards such as the TripAdvisor "Traveler's Choice" award for two years in a row and has received increased media coverage.

## InfoBox

National Museum of Military Vehicles
| M4 Medium Tank on display at the National Museum of Military Vehicles | |
| --- | --- |
| Location within the United States | |
| Established | 2020 (2020) |
| Location | 6419 US Highway 26 Dubois, Wyoming 82513 |
| Coordinates | 43°28′24.61″N 109°29′46.43″W / 43.4735028°N 109.4962306°W / 43.4735028; -109.4962306 |
| Type | Military history museum |
| Founder | Dan Starks |
| Public transit access | No |
| Website | www.nmmv.org |


title: National Liberation Army (Peru)

abstract: The National Liberation Army was a Peruvian guerrilla group. It sought to gather militants regardless of their political affiliation. A short-lived movement that was formed in 1962 and carried out numerous small skirmishes and actions culminating in a seven-month peak of militant actions in 1965, the ELN was largely scattered by the Peruvian Army by December 1965.

text:
# National Liberation Army (Peru)

The **National Liberation Army** (abbreviated as **ELN**, Spanish: ***Ejército de Liberación Nacional***) was a Peruvian guerrilla group. It sought to gather militants regardless of their political affiliation. A short-lived movement that was formed in 1962 and carried out numerous small skirmishes and actions culminating in a seven-month peak of militant actions in 1965, the ELN was largely scattered by the Peruvian Army by December 1965.

## Formation

> When the theoretical basis for guerrilla warfare as expressed by Cuban leaders and summed up by Debray began to circulate in Peru, it only reinforced what many had maintained in practice: first comes action, then the party; the party is born out of the action.
>
> Hector Bejar, 1969

The group had a varied composition that grew to share a "certain disdain of 'politics' and suspicion of any type of party organisation", as well as a few discontent members from the Peruvian Communist Party. This new movement included some former members of the MIR youth branch.

Hector Bejar , one of the military commanders of the ELN, later summarised it as an attempt to create a "free association of revolutionaries" and "an army which would draw combatants together regardless of their ideologies or political affiliations". Following their collapse, Bejar remarked that one of their core mistakes had been not liaising and keeping communications open with larger revolutionary movements that could have supported them as they were attacked by the Peruvian Army; instead, they had opted to believe they could remain self-sufficient and rely on local recruits from the villages and plantations.

In 1962, the group considered itself under the leadership of Juan Pablo Chang Navarro.

### Known membership

* Hector Bejar, lawyer and artist.
* Javier Heraud, poet with a large following after whom a brigade was subsequently named.
* Edgardo Tello, together with Heraud, hailed as "guerrilla poets".
* Hugo Ricra
* Moises Valiente, construction labourer
* Juan Chang, former leader in the Frente de Izquierda Revolucionaria
* Luis Zapata, leader of construction labourers in Cuzco
* Guillermo Mercado, former leader in the FIR and Leninist Central Committee
* Guillermo Lobaton, Philosopher, leader of an attack on a Ranger encampment.
* Nemisio Junco, a laborer who was among the first to join, and was killed at Sojos

## Militant activity

The ELN formed mobile training groups, desiring to have professional guerrillas sent into the rugged terrain rather than untrained volunteers. Approximately fifty group members were also believed to be entering southern Peru from Bolivia, after receiving training in Cuba. The group received assistance from the Bolivian Rodolfo Saldaña, who left later that year to fight in Argentina.

> Thru a twist of fate, the government of Peru discovered and smashed a communist conspiracy hatched in Cuba that was designed to set this country aflame with guerrilla warfare, terroristic activities, and sabotage.
>
> Chicago Tribune, June 24, 1963

In January 1963, a group led by the 21-year-old poet Javier Heraud and Alain Elias crossed through Bolivia, where they picked up weapons and entered southern Peru. Plagued by Leishmaniasis infection, however, the 15-member team decided to enter the city of Puerto Maldonado on May 15 to seek out medical supplies.

According to one source, the local police were warned of the group's advance, and captured the six team members who had been sent to the city limits. According to other sources, the six militants had checked into the local hotel, and a police officer who heard about it went to the hotel to demand identifying documents from the youth. When they refused to show identification, other officers were called and escorted them towards the local prison; one of the guerrillas drew a gun and killed Sgt. Aquilino Sam Jara. The officers returned fire, wounding two of the militants as the others ran off hoping to escape capture. Either way, Elias, Abraham Lama and Pedro Morote were all captured within days of entering the town. Heraud was shot in the chest and killed while he drifted past the town in a dugout canoe. Hector Bejar was one of the few to escape, and it proved difficult for him to rebuild the militant group.

In 1965, when MIR announced they were beginning militant operations in response to the arrest of Hugo Blanco and the accession of the government of Fernando Belaunde Terry, the ELN was still not ready to begin operations, but felt pressured to become operational prematurely. It formed the *Javier Heraud Brigade* as their main column and moved into the densely forested foothills of San Miguel in April.

In June 1965, the ELN seized the Runateullo hacienda and destroyed the bridge on the Satipo highway that led to it, attacked a local mine, and assaulted the Andamarca police station. The group also launched an ambush at Yahuarina, where 17 ELN militants attacked a group of Civil Guards, killing nine, wounding nine and taking twelve prisoners (who were later released). Government officials later claimed there was evidence that the dead had been tortured.

That summer, Guillermo Lobaton led a group of ELN militants who attacked an Army Ranger encampment, capturing weapons and supplies; it was this action which first publicised the name of the *Javier Heraud Brigade*.

On September 25, 1965, the ELN led the seizure of the Chapi hacienda and execution of the two brothers who oversaw the plantation. The Carillo brothers, who owned the estate which extended over a large area of the La Mar Province, were alleged to have been cruel to their indentured and unpaid workers, frequently whipping and imprisoning them, and, in one January 1963 instance, to have strangled and beheaded a tenant farmer who objected to their seizure of his livestock. Following reports of the death of the brothers, the Civil Guard occupied the plantation to the jeers of the workers.

## Counterinsurgency by Peruvian Army

In October, following the overthrow of the Chapi hacienda, the Peruvian Army began a large counterattack aimed at wiping out the ELN. First sending a patrol disguised as militants asking local residents where they could find their comrades, the Army quickly rooted out sympathisers and collaborators. According to the ELN, the locals were tortured and executed.

As the group was encircled towards the end of 1965, membership dwindled until there were only 13 remaining guerrillas still hiding in the forests together.

On December 17, the army made substantial contact with the group near Tincoj and the ensuing firefight left three militants dead, including Edgardo Tello. Bejar and the remaining militants scattered into the forest and were unable to regroup as they fled the army's advance separately.

## Aftermath

Not every group member's fate is known. Juan Pablo Chang Navarro (known as *El Chino*), Jose Cabrera Flores (known as *El Negro*) and Lucio Galvan (known as *Eustaquio*) were all believed killed in 1967, fighting alongside Che Guevara in the Nancahuazu. Although one source suggests that Navarro survived, and actually tried to revive the militant movement in 1980 under the same name. Their remains are in the Che Guevara's memorial in Santa Clara, Cuba.

American ambassador Llewellyn E. Thompson used the 1963 skirmish as evidence that Fidel Castro was destabilising the hemisphere, in an oral statement to Soviet ambassador Anatoliy F. Dobrynin.

Bejar was arrested when he fled to Lima to seek medical treatment due to leishmaniasis; authorities said they surprised him convalescing in a Lima residence. He served five years in prison for sedition before being pardoned by General Juan Velasco Alvarado, who took power in 1968, and requested that Bejar work on reforming land policies with the government.

Bejar collaborated with Velasco's Government, being part of SINAMOS, a Government institution for social participation. In the seventies, Bejar and former members of SINAMOS formed CEDEP (Centre for Development and Participation) and was part of the edition committee of 'Socialismo y Participacion' (Socialism and participation), a social sciences journal. Bejar was 'Socialismo y Participacion' editor until its final issue in 2001. Bejar works today as lecturer at San Marcos University. and the Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru. In 2012, he published 'Mito y Utopia: Relato Alternativo del origen Republicano del Peru' (Myth and Utopia: Alternative story of the Republican Origin of Peru).ACHEBE Ediciones, 2012.

## Footnotes

1. Bejar, Hector, "Peru 1965: Notes on a Guerrilla Experience", Monthly Review Press, 1969
2. Schmid, Alex Peter; A.J. Jongman (2005). *Political terrorism: a new guide to actors, authors, concepts, data bases, theories, & literature*. 9781412804691. p. 644. ISBN 978-1-4128-0469-1.
3. Heraud, Javier. "El Rio", 1960
4. Biography and selected poems Archived 2009-02-02 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish)
5. Vilanova, Nuria. "Social Change and Literature in Peru, 1970-1990", Page 54.
6. Organización Continental Latinoamericana de Estudiantes, Volume 2, Issue 14; 1959
7. Ayacucho gains some important enemies
8. Confidential Airgram A-751, June 26, 1966, USNA (Box 2575)
9. The Militant, Cuban general Harry Villegas salutes book by Bolivian revolutionary Rodolfo Saldaña, February 2001
10. Chicago Tribune, "Fate Leads to Breakup of Peruvian Guerrillas", June 24, 1963
11. "Ejército de Liberación Nacional de Perú (ELN)". Archived from the original on 15 January 2017. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
12. Einaudi, Luigi R. Latin American Student Radicalism, July 1968
13. Policia Nacional del Peru, Nuestros Heroes Archived 2007-08-24 at the Wayback Machine
14. TIME, Biography of a Lost Poet, May 31, 1963
15. Campbell, Leon G. The Historiography of the Peruvian Guerrilla Movement
16. El Comercio, August 3, Page I article
17. Department of State, Presidential Correspondence: Lot 77 D 163. Secret. Archived 2016-06-17 at the Wayback Machine
18. Miami News, Tony Solar, "Plan de Castro Para Dispersar los Campesinos", March 3, 1966
19. Jack, Ian. "The Granta Book of Travel". Page 258
20. University of San Marcos, Miembros de Mesa Docentes para Pregrado Archived 2012-03-20 at the Wayback Machine, 2010


title: National Liberation Forces – Icanzo

abstract: The National Liberation Forces-Icanzo (FNL-Icanzo) is a small political party in Burundi. In 2005, the National Liberation Forces rejected the peace deals of the United Nations that led to democratic elections in Burundi notwithstanding its later tentative endorsement of them on 18 June 2006. On September 7, 2006 the group signed a ceasefire with the Government and as a result the groups 3000 fighters are to disarm. The FNL was the last major Hutu group to join the peace process.

text:
# National Liberation Forces – Icanzo

The  **National Liberation Forces-Icanzo (FNL-Icanzo)**  is a small political party in Burundi.

In 2005, the National Liberation Forces rejected the peace deals of the United Nations that led to democratic elections in Burundi notwithstanding its later tentative endorsement of them on 18 June 2006. On September 7, 2006 the group signed a ceasefire with the Government and as a result the groups 3000 fighters are to disarm. The FNL was the last major Hutu group to join the peace process.

1. Burundi rebels to lay down arms. *BBC News*. 2006-09-11. URL retrieved 2006-12-26.