title: Ángel Cabrera Classic

abstract: The Ángel Cabrera Classic was a golf tournament on the TPG Tour, the official professional golf tour in Argentina. It was held at the Jockey Club Córdoba, in Córdoba Province.

text:
# Ángel Cabrera Classic

The **Ángel Cabrera Classic** was a golf tournament on the TPG Tour, the official professional golf tour in Argentina. It was held at the Jockey Club Córdoba, in Córdoba Province.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Score | To par | Margin of
victory | Runner-up | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2011 | Estanislao Goya | 270 | −18 | 9 strokes | Ángel Monguzzi |  |
| 2009–2010: *No tournament* | | | | | | |
| 2008 | César Monasterio | 202 | −8 | Playoff | Andrés Romero |  |
| 2007 | Rafael Gómez | 269 | −11 | 1 stroke | Daniel Barbetti
Daniel Vancsik |  |


title: Etymology of Andalusia

abstract: The toponym al-Andalus (الأندلس) is first attested in inscriptions on coins minted by the Umayyad rulers of Iberia, from ca. 715. The etymology of the name has traditionally been derived from the name of the Vandals. A number of proposals since the 1980s have contested this: Vallvé (1986) proposed derivation of the name from the Atlantic. Halm (1989) derives the name from a reconstructed Gothic term *landahlauts. Bossong (2002) suggests derivation from a pre-Roman substrate. Corriente (2008) suggests a derivation from Coptic *emendelēs, "southwest". The Spanish form Andalucía was introduced in the 13th century. The name was adopted in reference to those territories still under the Moorish rule at that time, and generally south of Castilla Nueva and Valencia, and corresponding with the former Roman province hitherto called Baetica in Latin sources. This was a Castilianization of Al-Andalusiya, the adjectival form of the Arabic word al-Andalus.

text:
# Etymology of Andalusia

The toponym *al-Andalus* (الأندلس) is first attested in inscriptions on coins minted by the Umayyad rulers of Iberia, from ca. 715.

The etymology of the name has traditionally been derived from the name of the *Vandals* (who settled in Hispania in the 5th century). A number of proposals since the 1980s have contested this: Vallvé (1986) proposed derivation of the name from the *Atlantic*. Halm (1989) derives the name from a reconstructed Gothic term *\*landahlauts*. Bossong (2002) suggests derivation from a pre-Roman substrate. Corriente (2008) suggests a derivation from Coptic **emendelēs*, "southwest".

The Spanish form *Andalucía* was introduced in the 13th century. The name was adopted in reference to those territories still under the Moorish rule at that time, and generally south of Castilla Nueva and Valencia, and corresponding with the former Roman province hitherto called Baetica in Latin sources. This was a Castilianization of *Al-Andalusiya*, the adjectival form of the Arabic word *al-Andalus*.

## *Vandal* theory

The oldest theory has it that Andalusia derives from the name of the Vandals, the Germanic tribe which colonized parts of Iberia from 409 to 429.

That derivation goes back to the 13th-century *De rebus Hispaniae*. In the 14th century, Ibn Khaldun derived the name from *al-Fandalus*, the Vandals. Reinhart Dozy (1860) recognized the theory's shortcomings but still accepted it and suggested that geographically, it originally referred only to the harbour (Iulia Traducta, probably present-day Algeciras) from which the Vandals departed Iberia in 429 for North Africa, where they would establish the Vandal Kingdom (435–534). The first edition of the *Encyclopaedia of Islam* in 1913 adopted Dozy's view, and it became the mainstream account in 20th-century scholarship.

Werner Vycichl (1952) tried to put the Vandal theory on a firmer footing by suggesting that the form *Wandalus*, as used by the Berbers, was mistaken by Arabs for the Berber definite article *w*\- and *andalus*, which with the Arabic definite article becomes *al-Andalus*.

## *Atlantic* theory

Another proposal is that *Andalus* is an Arabic-language version of the name of the *Atlantic*. This idea has recently been defended by Vallvé (1986).

Vallvé writes:

> Arabic texts offering the first mentions of the island of Al-Andalus and the sea of Al-Andalus become extraordinarily clear if we substitute this expressions with "Atlantis" or "Atlantic". The same can be said with reference to Hercules and the Amazons whose island, according to Arabic commentaries of these Greek and Latin legends, was located in jauf Al-Andalus—that is, to the north or interior of the Atlantic Ocean.

The *Island of al-Andalus* is mentioned in an anonymous Arabic chronicle of the conquest of Iberia composed two to three centuries after the fact. It is identified as the location of the landfall of the advance guard of the Moorish conquest of Iberia. The chronicle also says that "Island of al-Andalus" was subsequently renamed "Island of Tarifa". The preliminary conquest force of a few hundred, led by the Berber chief, Tarif abu Zura, seized the first bit of land they encountered after crossing the Strait of Gibraltar in 710. The main conquest force led by Tariq ibn Ziyad followed them a year later. The landfall, now known in Spain as either Punta Marroquí or Punta de Tarifa, is in fact the southern tip of an islet, presently known as Isla de Tarifa or Isla de las Palomas, just offshore of the Iberian mainland.

## *Gothic* theory

Halm (1989) proposed a Gothic etymology. Drawing attention to the term *Gothica sors*, a Latin exonym of the Visigothic Kingdom, which translates to "Gothic lot", Halm reconstructs a Gothic term that would correspond to the Latin term, meaning "lot lands", as *\*landahlauts*. The hypothetical term would have given rise both to the Latin loan translation *Gothica sors* and to the Arabic *al-Andalus*, by phonetic imitation.


title: Ottawa Bach Choir

abstract: The Ottawa Bach Choir is a professional vocal ensemble from Ottawa, Canada founded and directed by Lisette Canton specialising in early music. Their album Handel: Dixit Dominus; Bach & Schütz: Motets (2019) won a Juno Award for Classical Album of the Year – Vocal or Choral Performance at the Juno Awards of 2020.

text:
# Ottawa Bach Choir

The **Ottawa Bach Choir** is a professional vocal ensemble from Ottawa, Canada founded and directed by Lisette Canton specialising in early music. Their album Handel: *Dixit Dominus; Bach & Schütz: Motets (2019)* won a Juno Award for Classical Album of the Year – Vocal or Choral Performance at the Juno Awards of 2020.

## History

The Ottawa Bach Choir were founded in 2002 by Lisette Canton. In 2016, the choir toured China as the representative of Canada in the Meet in Beijing Internations Arts Festival. In 2014, the choir became the first Canadian choir invited to sing at Bachfest Leipzig In 2011, the choir made their Carnegie Hall Debut

## 2020 season

On January 18, 2020, the Ottawa Bach Choir were nominated for a Juno Award for their album *Handel: Dixit Dominus; Bach & Schütz: Motets* . In June 2020, the choir are set to return to BachFest Leipzig as part of their Bachfest - We Are Family! celebrations. The Ottawa Bach Choir are the first and only Canadian choir to ever perform at the festival.

## Lisette Canton

Lisette Canton is the founder and artistic director of the Ottawa Bach Choir. Canton is an associate professor and head of choral music at York University in Toronto. Canton has conducted in Leipzig, London, Paris, Venice, Lübeck, Stuttgart, Bayreuth, Vienna, Salzburg, Prague, Amsterdam, Groningen, Ypres, Passchendaele, Mexico City, at Roy Thomson Hall in Toronto, the Winspear Centre in Edmonton, Montreal and Halifax; and has prepared choirs for Franz-Paul Decker, Johannes Ullrich, Pinchas Zukerman, Helmuth Rilling and John Rutter.

## Discography

*Festival Baroque (2005)*
*Jesu, meine Freude (2008)*
*Cantate Domino - 10th Anniversary (2011)*
'*Twas But Pure Love (2016)*
*Handel: Dixit Dominus; Bach & Schütz: Motets (ATMA Classique: 2019)* Juno-nominated

## InfoBox

| Ottawa Bach Choir | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Ottawa, Canada |
| Genres | Early music, Renaissance music, Baroque music |
| Years active | 2002–present |
| Labels | ATMA Classique |
|  | |
| Website | ottawabachchoir.ca |


title: Eugène Dubois

abstract: Marie Eugène François Thomas Dubois was a Dutch paleoanthropologist and geologist. He earned worldwide fame for his discovery of Pithecanthropus erectus, or "Java Man". Although hominid fossils had been found and studied before, Dubois was the first anthropologist to embark upon a purposeful search for them.

text:
# Eugène Dubois

**Marie Eugène François Thomas Dubois** (French: \[øʒɛn dybwɑ\]; 28 January 1858  16 December 1940) was a Dutch paleoanthropologist and geologist. He earned worldwide fame for his discovery of *Pithecanthropus erectus* (later redesignated *Homo erectus*), or "Java Man". Although hominid fossils had been found and studied before, Dubois was the first anthropologist to embark upon a purposeful search for them.

## Life and work

MEFT. Dubois was born and raised in the village of Eijsden, Limburg, where his father, Jean Joseph Balthazar Dubois, an immigrant from Thimister-Clermont, Liège, Belgium, was an apothecary, later the mayor. Interested in all phenomena of the world of nature, Eugène explored the "caves" ("*grotten*", actually underground limestone mines) of Mount Saint Peter and amassed collections of plant parts, stones, insects, shells, and animal skulls. From age 12-13 on, he attended school in the Limburg city of Roermond, boarding with a family there and then he dropped out. In Roermond he attended lectures on Charles Darwin's new theory of evolution given by the German biologist, Carl Vogt.

Resisting his father's plan for him to train to follow in his footsteps, Dubois, encouraged by his teachers, decided in 1877 to study medicine at the University of Amsterdam. While a student, he taught anatomy at both of the brand new (founded 1880) art schools housed at the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam (Amsterdam State Museum) the Rijksschool voor Kunstnijverheid (State School for Applied Arts) and the Rijksnormaalschool voor Teekenonderwijzers (State Normal School for Drawing Instructors). In 1884 he completed his medical degree. He declined an offer from the University of Utrecht of a position as a docent. Instead, at the invitation of his anatomy instructor, Max Fürbringer, he decided to train as an academic. From 1881 to 1887 he studied comparative anatomy and became Fürbringer's assistant. In 1885 he investigated the larynx of vertebrates, which led him to develop a hypothesis of the evolution of this organ. Nevertheless, his chief interest was in human evolution, influenced by Ernst Haeckel, who reasoned that there must be intermediate species between ape and human.

Dubois contributed an article on whale anatomy to a book by the Dutch zoologist, Max Weber, and, inspired by the fresh discovery of new Neanderthal fossils at the Belgian town of Spy, he spent his vacation fossil hunting in the vicinity of his birthplace. In the Henkeput near the village of Rijckholt, where a prehistoric flint mine had just been discovered in 1881, he found some prehistoric human skulls.

Reasoning that the origins of the human species must be in the tropics, in 1887 he joined the Dutch army and arranged to be posted in the Dutch East Indies (the Dutch colony that is now independent Indonesia), to the dismay of his academic colleagues. With his wife and newborn daughter he moved to the colony to search for the missing link in human evolution. (He was unalterably convinced there was only one missing link.)

### Hominid discoveries

Between 1887 and 1895, Dubois searched at potential sites near rivers and in caves, first on the island of Sumatra, then on the Indonesian island of Java.

In 1891, Dubois discovered remains of what he described as "a species in between humans and apes". He called his finds *Pithecanthropus erectus* ("ape-human that stands upright") or Java Man. Today, they are classified as *Homo erectus* ("human that stands upright"). These were the first specimens of early hominid remains to be found outside of Africa or Europe. During this period Dubois carried out fieldwork at sites such as Sangiran in Central Java and Trinil in East Java.

### Later years

In 1897, the University of Amsterdam awarded Dubois an honorary doctorate in botany and zoology, but he had to wait until 1899 for a professorship. In that year, he was appointed a professor in geology, a function that did not keep him from his research in anatomy. He was also (from 1897 until 1928) keeper of paleontology, geology and mineralogy at Teylers Museum, where he also kept the *H. erectus* remains.

In 1919 he became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Although the scientific debate slowly began to turn in his favour in the 1920s and 1930s, he died embittered in 1940. He was buried in unconsecrated ground on 16 December 1940 in Venlo, "Algemene Begraafplaats", grave number NH2\26\\-\BR.

## Legacy

His paleontological collection and scientific archive remain at Naturalis in Leiden. The institute dedicated an exhibition to his findings of *Homo erectus* in their renovated museum, where the holotype Trinil 2 is on display. According to Pat Shipman, adjunct professor of anthropology at Pennsylvania State University, Dubois was "an extremely influential person in founding paleo-anthropology. He not only found the fossils. He analyzed them in wholly new ways. He pulled human fossils out of this context of racial identification and shoved it into an evolutionary context and that was a real revolution." A special section of Museum Het Ursulinenconvent - International Museum for Family History is devoted to Dubois' life and work. Asteroid 206241 Dubois, discovered by the NEAT program in 2002, was named in his memory. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 7 June 2009 (M.P.C. 66245).

* Morwood, Mike, and van Oosterzee, Penny. 2007. *A new human: the startling discovery and strange story of the "hobbits" of Flores, Indonesia*. Smithsonian Books.

## Further reading

* Pat Shipman, *The Man who Found the Missing Link. Eugène Dubois and His Lifelong Quest to Prove Darwin Right*, Harvard University Press (April 30, 2002), 528 pages, ISBN 0-674-00866-9.

## InfoBox

| Marie Eugène François Thomas Dubois | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1858-01-28)January 28, 1858
Eijsden, Netherlands |
| Died | December 16, 1940(1940-12-16) (aged 82)
Haelen, Netherlands |
| Nationality | Dutch |
| Alma mater | University of Amsterdam |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Paleoanthropology, Geology |
|  | |


title: Euplokamis crinita

abstract: Euplokamis crinita is a marine species of ctenophore. The tentacles of the species have been reported to be smaller. This resulted in the species being argued to be in the genus Pleurobrachia, however according to WORMS, it stays in Euplokamis.

text:
# Euplokamis crinita

***Euplokamis crinita*** is a marine species of ctenophore. The tentacles of the species have been reported to be smaller. This resulted in the species being argued to be in the genus Pleurobrachia, however according to WORMS, it stays in Euplokamis.

## Distribution

The species occurs in the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean.

## InfoBox

| *Euplokamis crinita* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Ctenophora |
| Class: | Tentaculata |
| Order: | Cydippida |
| Family: | Euplokamididae |
| Genus: | *Euplokamis* |
| Species: | ***E. crinita*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Euplokamis crinita***<br>(Moser, 1909) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Pleurobrachia crinita* | |


title: Euplokamis dunlapae

abstract: Euplokamis dunlapae is a marine species of ctenophore. It is the first species of ctenophora reported to have giant axons controlling the comb rows. They control the ciliary beating, allowing for rapid change in the speed and direction of the cilia, likely evolved as an escape mechanism.

text:
# Euplokamis dunlapae

***Euplokamis dunlapae*** is a marine species of ctenophore. It is the first species of ctenophora reported to have giant axons controlling the comb rows. They control the ciliary beating, allowing for rapid change in the speed and direction of the cilia, likely evolved as an escape mechanism.

## InfoBox

| *Euplokamis dunlapae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Ctenophora |
| Class: | Tentaculata |
| Order: | Cydippida |
| Family: | Euplokamididae |
| Genus: | *Euplokamis* |
| Species: | ***E. dunlapae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Euplokamis dunlapae***<br>Mills, 1987 | |
|


title: Otago University Press

abstract:
Otago University Press is an academic publisher associated with the University of Otago. The press is located in Dunedin, New Zealand. The Otago University Press is the oldest academic publisher in New Zealand. The Otago University Press publishes non-fiction and poetry and is also the publisher of the literary journal Landfall. Otago University Press has published award-winning books, including Tumble by Joanna Preston, winner of the 2022 Ockham Award for Poetry. The press is currently a member of the Association of University Presses. As of 2024, the editorial board consists of:
  - Sue Wootton (publisher)
  - Chris Brickell, Professor in gender studies
  - Chris Prentice, Honorary Associate Professor in English and linguistics
  - Michael Reilly, Professor in Māori, Pacific and Indigenous Studies
  - Nicola Wheen, Professor of Law
  - Paerau Warbrick, barrister and senior lecturer in Māori, Pacific and Indigenous Studies

text:
# Otago University Press

**Otago University Press** is an academic publisher associated with the University of Otago. The press is located in Dunedin, New Zealand. The Otago University Press is the oldest academic publisher in New Zealand. The Otago University Press publishes non-fiction and poetry and is also the publisher of the literary journal Landfall.

Otago University Press has published award-winning books, including *Tumble* by Joanna Preston, winner of the 2022 Ockham Award for Poetry.

The press is currently a member of the Association of University Presses.

As of 2024, the editorial board consists of:

* Sue Wootton (publisher)
* Chris Brickell, Professor in gender studies
* Chris Prentice, Honorary Associate Professor in English and linguistics
* Michael Reilly, Professor in Māori, Pacific and Indigenous Studies
* Nicola Wheen, Professor of Law
* Paerau Warbrick, barrister and senior lecturer in Māori, Pacific and Indigenous Studies


title: Otago University Students' Association

abstract: The Otago University Students' Association (OUSA) is the students' association of the University of Otago, New Zealand. OUSA was founded in 1890 to advance student interests on campus. Today, OUSA provides a combination of representation, welfare, advocacy, recreation and events for its members. It runs student support services, supports clubs and societies on campus, and organises the University of Otago Orientation and Reorientation weeks. OUSA has a number of subsidiary brands and companies, including Critic Te Ārohi, the student magazine, Radio One, the student radio station, University Bookshop Limited, and Planet Media.

text:
# Otago University Students' Association

The **Otago University Students' Association** (OUSA) is the students' association of the University of Otago, New Zealand. OUSA was founded in 1890 to advance student interests on campus.

Today, OUSA provides a combination of representation, welfare, advocacy, recreation and events for its members. It runs student support services, supports clubs and societies on campus, and organises the University of Otago Orientation and Reorientation weeks.

OUSA has a number of subsidiary brands and companies, including *Critic Te Ārohi*, the student magazine, Radio One, the student radio station, University Bookshop Limited, and Planet Media.

## History

As well as providing facilities and student representation on university committees, the students' association began to provide services and facilities for its members. The first Student Union building, providing meeting rooms, men's and women's common rooms and a cafeteria, was established in 1904 in Allen Hall, which is today the university's theatre department. In the 1960s a bigger Student Union was built, and in the 1980s an adjoining building was added to house the OUSA offices, Radio One, Critic and Student Job Search. The Clubs and Societies building provides space for over 100 student clubs and a variety of activities, with fitness and recreation opportunities provided at Unipol, jointly owned with the Otago Polytechnic Students' Association. OUSA also owns the University Book Shop and Student Job Search.

Over the years the students' association has had its share of controversy, frequently around risqué activities during Capping (graduation) week. In 1990, student parties spilled over into the "Dunedin Riot", which damaged public opinion of students at a time when student politicians were actively lobbying and protesting against the introduction of tertiary tuition fees. The arguments against tuition fees included researched predictions of massive graduate debt and increased "brain drain" – graduates leaving the country for lucrative overseas positions. OUSA and students' associations around the country protested vigorously – up to 5,000 people marched in Dunedin alone – but were unable to stop the fees which were introduced in 1991.

In July 2010, the OUSA executive was controversially restructured. Initiated by President Harriet Geoghegan, the new executive would have ten members: President, Administrative Vice President, Finances and Services Officer, Education Officer, Welfare Officer, and five general representatives each holding a portfolio: Postgraduate Students, International Students, Campaigns, Recreation, and Colleges and Communications. A referendum on the issue resulted in a 72.19% vote for the new structure caused a large number of complaints, none of which were upheld, and divided the existing OUSA executive.

The introduction of tuition fees has led to an increased focus on quality of education, with improvements to the student representative system and more student input on teaching and assessment. At the same time, the growing student population has meant that OUSA services from recreation facilities to student media have become businesses in their own right.

## Structure

### Membership

Under the Education Act 1989, membership in OUSA was compulsory for students enrolled at the University of Otago. However, since 2011 the Government made all students' association in New Zealand voluntary membership. The OUSA now maintains a service level agreement with the university, which sees a proportion of the compulsory student services levy used to pay for OUSA services for students, this allows for the ongoing financial viability of the association.

### Executive

The association is headed by a twelve-member executive led by the OUSA president. The executive consists of the president, administrative vice-president, finance and strategy officer, welfare and equity representative, academic representative, political representative, clubs & societies representative, residential representative, international students' representative, postgraduate students' representative, te rōpū Māori tumuaki and the president of the University of Otago Pacific Islands Students' Association. Executive meetings are held weekly or fortnightly, and are open to all members. Student general meetings are held periodically throughout the year to consult with and engage the wider student body in a more formal context.

| Executive position | 2024 officeholders |
| --- | --- |
| President | Keegan Wells |
| Administrative vice-president | Emily Williams |
| Finance and strategy officer | Daniel Leamy |
| Academic representative | Stella Lynch |
| Welfare and equity representative | Tara Shepherd |
| Political representative | Liam White |
| Clubs and societies representative | Emma Jackson |
| Residential representative | Vacant |
| International students' representative | Ibuki Nishida |
| Postgraduate students' representative | Hanna Friedlander |
| Te rōpū Māori tumuāki | Gemella Reynolds-Hatem |
| University of Otago Pacific Islands Students' Association president | Telekalafi Likiliki |

### Elections

Elections are held annually to select the incoming executive for the following year. Election weeks typically involve candidate forums for questions and debating between individuals running for office.

In September 2008, president-elect Jo Moore was disqualified from becoming the 2009 president after a complaint she came within 20 metres of a polling facility during voting.

## Student Services

### Annual Events

The OUSA is responsible for organising the annual Orientation week events held at the beginning of the university year. A number of well-known artists have performed at these events including Macklemore, Tinie Tempah, Empire of the Sun, Flume and Shapeshifter. At the beginning of the second semester, in July, OUSA organises the equivalent Reorientation events.

The Hyde Street party, also known as the Hyde Street Keg Party, is an annual event held in Dunedin in the first semester for students from the University of Otago and Otago Polytechnic, where many participants wear fancy dress. The event originated in 1995, starting as a post-exam celebration organised by residents. The first event saw roughly 3,000 people and attracted bonfires, riot police and 13 students were arrested. It has since become a become a regular part of the Otago University social calendar. Since 2013 OUSA has organised the ticket sales and the health and safety surrounding the event.

Other regular events organised by the OUSA include market days, art week, diversity week, the Capping Show, the Dunedin Craft Beer & Food Festival and an annual Battle of the Bands competition.

### Clubs and Societies

As the largest student association at the University of Otago, the majority of on-campus clubs and societies affiliate to the association. Notably the Otago University Debating Society, now an affiliated club, pre-dates the formation of the association, and it was members of the debating society that initiated the formation of OUSA in 1890. There are a number of long-standing clubs and societies on campus including the Otago University Rowing Club, the Otago University Rugby Football Club and the Otago University Medical Students Association. Today there are more than 150 clubs and societies affiliated to OUSA, representing a range of ethnicities, religions, politics, sports and interests of Otago students.

The OUSA Clubs and Societies Centre houses the staff that manage the various clubs and societies and the recreation programmes organised by OUSA. Facilities within the centre for students include a sauna, study rooms, music rooms, dance rooms, storage for clubs and an exercise hall. A number of recreation classes are organised and run from the centre, including arts, crafts and cooking, music, sport and dance. Lunches are available at the centre daily during University semesters.

### Student Support

OUSA owns and maintains a department that provides support and advocacy for students. This includes class representation, queer support, a hardship fund and advocacy for a number of grievances.

## Student Media

### Critic

*Critic* is the official magazine of the Otago University Students' Association. It is freely available around both the university's campus and selected sites in Dunedin city weekly during term time. *Critic* is New Zealand's longest-running student newspaper, having been published since 1925. Weekly circulation is 5,000 copies, with an estimated readership of 21,000.

*Critic* is a member of the Aotearoa Student Press Association (ASPA), and was awarded Best Publication in the annual ASPA awards in 2005, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2013.

Critic has caused controversy on a number of occasions in the past. In 2006 the Office of Film and Literature Classification banned an issue of the magazine, due to it containing a "how-to-guide" on drug rape. Possession or distribution of this issue was deemed illegal. In 2010 The Press Council upheld a complaint against Critic over the article 'The Bum at the Bottom of the World', which depicted three people the publication deemed homeless and vagrant. In 2013 Critic's Editor Callum Fredric received a $35,000 payout after a series of personal disputes with OUSA General Manager Darel Hall. Fredric was suspended by Hall on Friday 3 May, and was trespassed from OUSA buildings by Hall after attending a meeting on Monday 6 May to explain the situation to staff, before being asked to leave by Police. After filing legal proceedings, Fredric accepted a $35,000 settlement package from OUSA on Friday 17 May, and resigned as Editor.

### Radio One

Radio One, or The One, is a student radio station operating from the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand. It broadcasts on a frequency of 91.0 MHz. The station is run largely by volunteer announcers, with a small paid staff. It runs a wide variety of general interest and specialist shows to audiences not catered for by other Dunedin radio stations, such as New Zealand music show The Local and cannabis law reform radio show Overgrown. It is run by Planet Media on behalf of Otago University Students' Association.

In the station's early years, Radio One was broadcast from a 100-watt ERP transmitter atop the 11-storey Hocken Building (now Richardson Building) – then the tallest building on the university campus. In the late 1980s, the station moved their transmitter to Dunedin's main FM radio transmitter atop Mount Cargill, north of the campus. This gives the station a range which covers much of coastal Otago, from Oamaru to past Balclutha. Radio One can now be heard anywhere in the world as it streams all content in 128 kbit/s stereo mp3 over the Internet.

The impetus for the station began with an open letter to the president of the association (then Phyllis Comerford) from Alastair Thomson, who had worked on the Waikato University student radio station. This letter brought together other interested parties including members of the bands Netherworld Dancing Toys and The Verlaines. With a grant from the OUSA of approximately $12,000, the station first went to air in early 1984 broadcasting from the OUSA's former boardroom.

The station ran on a part-time basis during the university year until the mid-1990s, from which time it has been operating round-the-clock throughout the year in a new annex to the Student Union building which was specifically designed to house the station, the OUSA's offices, and the university's student newspaper *Critic*. The station celebrated its 25th birthday at the beginning of 2009.

Radio One alumni include Shayne Carter, Wallace Chapman, Charlotte Glennie, Sam Hayes, Jan Hellriegel, Lesley Paris, David Pine, Brent Hodge, Sean Norling, Chris Armstrong and Ria Vandervis. Aaron Hawkins served as Radio One's breakfast host from 2006 to 2013 and music director from 2011 to 2013 before standing for the Dunedin mayoralty and being elected a Dunedin City central ward councillor.

## Notable alumni

### Past Presidents

### Past executive members

* Barry Allan, Treasurer 1986 (Contract Law and Torts Law Lecturer at the University of Otago)
* Lady Nola Holmes, Women's Vice-president 1946-47 (The first Women's vice president to receive honorary life membership)

### Life Members

## InfoBox

Otago University Students' Association
|
|  |
| Motto | *Audeamus* (Latin) |
| Institution | University of Otago |
| Location | Dunedin, New Zealand |
| Established | 1890 |
| Members | c. 20,000 |
| Affiliations | New Zealand Union of Students' Associations |
| Brands |  |
| Website | Official Website |


title: Eulecanium

abstract:
Eulecanium is a genus of true bugs belonging to the family Coccidae. The species of this genus are found in Europe, Australia and Northern America. Selected species:
  - Eulecanium albodermis Chen, 1962
  - Eulecanium alnicola Chen, 1962
  - Eulecanium cerasorum
  - Eulecanium excrescens Ferris
  - Eulecanium kunoense Kuwana, 1907

text:
# Eulecanium

***Eulecanium*** is a genus of true bugs belonging to the family Coccidae.

The species of this genus are found in Europe, Australia and Northern America.

Selected species:

## InfoBox

| *Eulecanium* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Female *Eulecanium kunoense* on branch | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Sternorrhyncha |
| Family: | Coccidae |
| Genus: | *Eulecanium*<br>Cockerell, 1893 |
|


title: Eupithecia subnixa

abstract: Eupithecia subnixa is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in South America.

text:
# Eupithecia subnixa

***Eupithecia subnixa*** is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in South America.

## InfoBox

| *Eupithecia subnixa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Eupithecia* |
| Species: | ***E. subnixa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eupithecia subnixa***<br>Vojnits, 1994 | |
|


title: Eupithecia subregulosa

abstract: Eupithecia subregulosa is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Saudi Arabia.

text:
# Eupithecia subregulosa

***Eupithecia subregulosa*** is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Saudi Arabia.

## InfoBox

| *Eupithecia subregulosa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Eupithecia* |
| Species: | ***E. subregulosa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eupithecia subregulosa***<br>Wiltshire, 1990 | |
|


title: Eupithecia subpulchrata

abstract: Eupithecia subpulchrata is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in central Asia.

text:
# Eupithecia subpulchrata

***Eupithecia subpulchrata*** is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in central Asia.

## InfoBox

| *Eupithecia subpulchrata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Eupithecia* |
| Species: | ***E. subpulchrata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eupithecia subpulchrata***<br>Alpheraky, 1883 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Eupithecia separata subpulchrata* Alpheraky, 1883 | |


title: Eurasian jay

abstract: The Eurasian jay is a species of passerine bird in the crow family Corvidae. It has pinkish brown plumage with a black stripe on each side of a whitish throat, a bright blue panel on the upper wing and a black tail. The Eurasian jay is a woodland bird that occurs over a vast region from western Europe and north-west Africa to the Indian subcontinent and further to the eastern seaboard of Asia and down into south-east Asia. Across this vast range, several distinct racial forms have evolved which look different from each other, especially when comparing forms at the extremes of its range. The bird is called jay, without any epithets, by English speakers in Great Britain and Ireland.

text:
# Eurasian jay

The **Eurasian jay** (***Garrulus glandarius***) is a species of passerine bird in the crow family Corvidae. It has pinkish brown plumage with a black stripe on each side of a whitish throat, a bright blue panel on the upper wing and a black tail. The Eurasian jay is a woodland bird that occurs over a vast region from western Europe and north-west Africa to the Indian subcontinent and further to the eastern seaboard of Asia and down into south-east Asia. Across this vast range, several distinct racial forms have evolved which look different from each other, especially when comparing forms at the extremes of its range.

The bird is called **jay**, without any epithets, by English speakers in Great Britain and Ireland.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The Eurasian jay was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his *Systema Naturae* under the binomial name *Corvus glandarius*. Linnaeus specified the locality as "Europa" but this was restricted to Sweden by Ernst Hartert in 1903. The Eurasian jay is now one of three species placed in the genus *Garrulus* that was established in 1760 by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson. The genus name *Garrulus* is a Latin word meaning "chattering", "babbling" or "noisy". The specific epithet *glandarius* is Latin meaning "of acorns".

Eight racial groups (33 subspecies in total) were recognised by Steve Madge & Hilary Burn in 1994:

* the nominate group (nine European races), with a streaked crown.
* the *cervicalis* group (three races in North Africa), with a rufous nape, grey mantle, very pale head sides, and a streaked or black crown.
* the *atricapillus* group (four races in Middle East, Crimea & Turkey), with a uniform mantle & nape, black crown and very pale face.
* the race *hyrcanus* (Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests of Iran), small with black forecrown and broadly streaked hindcrown.
* the *brandtii* group (four races in Siberia and northern Japan), with a streaked crown, reddish head, dark iris and grey mantle.
* the *leucotis* group (two races in south-east Asia), with no white in the wing, a white forecrown, black hindcrown and much white on the sides of the head.
* the *bispecularis* group (six races in the Himalayan region), with an unstreaked rufous crown, and no white wing-patch.
* the *japonicus* group (four races in the southern Japanese islands), with a large white wing-patch, blackish face and scaled crown.

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and Birdlife International split the Eurasian jay into three species. The subspecies *G. g. leucotis* becomes the white-face jay (*Garrulus leucotis*) and the *bispecularis* group containing six subspecies becomes the plain-crowned jay (*Garrulus bispecularis*).

## Description

The Eurasian jay is a relatively small corvid, similar in size to a western jackdaw (*Coloeus monedula*) with a length of 34–35 cm (13–14 in) and a wingspan of 52–58 cm (20–23 in). The nominate race has light rufous brown to a pinkish brown body plumage. The whitish throat is bordered on each side by a prominent black moustache stripe. The forehead and crown are whitish with black stripes. The rump is white. The complex colouring on the upper surface of the wing includes black and white bars and a prominent bright blue patch with fine black bars. The tail is mainly black.

### Voice

The most characteristic call is a harsh, rasping screech that is used upon sighting various predators and as an advertising call. The jay is well known for its mimicry, often sounding so like a different species that it is difficult to distinguish its true identity unless the bird is seen. It will imitate the calls of birds of prey such as the mew of the common buzzard and the cackle of the northern goshawk.

## Distribution and habitat

A member of the widespread jay group, it inhabits mixed woodland, particularly with oaks, and is a habitual acorn hoarder. In recent years, the bird has begun to migrate into urban areas, possibly as a result of continued erosion of its woodland habitat. Before humans began planting the trees commercially on a wide scale, Eurasian jays were the main source of movement and propagation for the European oak (*Q. robur*), each bird having the ability to spread more than a thousand acorns each year. Eurasian jays will also bury the acorns of other oak species, and have been cited by the National Trust as a major propagator of the largest population of holm oak (*Q. ilex*) in Northern Europe, situated in Ventnor on the Isle of Wight. Jays have been recorded carrying single acorns as far as 20 km, and are credited with the rapid northward spread of oaks following the last ice age.

## Behaviour and ecology

### Breeding

Eurasian jays normally first breed when two years of age, although they occasionally breed when only one year. Both sexes build the nest which is usually placed in a fork or on a branch of a tree close to the main trunk at a height of 2–5 m (6 ft 7 in – 16 ft 5 in) above the ground. Very occasionally the nest is located on a building. The nest has a base of twigs 3–15 mm (0.12–0.59 in) in diameter and a lining of thinner twigs, roots, grass, moss and leaves. The eggs are laid daily, normally early in the morning. The clutch is 3–6 eggs which are pale green to pale olive brown and are covered with fine darker speckles. They sometimes have brown or black streaks concentrated at the broader end. The eggs are 31.3 mm × 23.0 mm (1.23 in × 0.91 in) and weigh around 8.5 g (0.30 oz). They are incubated by the female and hatch after 16–19 days. While the female is on the nest the male brings her food. Both parents feed and care for the young which fledge after 19–23 days. The parents continue to feed the fledgelings until they are 6–8 weeks of age. Only a single brood is raised each year.

The maximum recorded age is 16 years and 9 months for a bird in Skelton, York, United Kingdom, that was ringed in 1966 and found dead in 1983.

### Diet

Feeding in both trees and on the ground, it takes a wide range of invertebrates including many pest insects, acorns (oak seeds, which it buries for use during winter), beech and other seeds, fruits such as blackberries and rowan berries, young birds and eggs, bats, and small rodents. Like most species, the jay's diet changes with the seasons but is noteworthy for its prolific caching of food—especially oak acorns and beechnuts—for winter and spring. While caching occurs throughout the year, it is most intense in the autumn.

### Health

In order to keep its plumage free from parasites, it lies on top of anthills with spread wings and lets its feathers be sprayed with formic acid.

### Intelligence

Similar to other corvids, Eurasian jays have been reported to plan for future needs. Male Eurasian jays also take into account the desires of their partner when sharing food with her as a courtship ritual and when protecting food items from thieving conspecifics.

## Cited sources

* Cramp, Stanley; et al., eds. (1994). "*Garrulus glandarius* Jay". *Handbook of the Birds of Europe the Middle East and North Africa: The Birds of the Western Palearctic*. Vol. VIII: *Crows to Finches*. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 7–31. ISBN 978-0-19-854679-5.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Eurasian jay | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominate subspecies in Belgium | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Corvidae |
| Genus: | *Garrulus* |
| Species: | ***G. glandarius*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Garrulus glandarius***
(Linnaeus, 1758) | |
|
| Subspecies | |
| 33 (in eight groups) - see text | |
|  | |
| Range | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Corvus glandarius* Linnaeus, 1758 | |


title: Eulophias

abstract: Eulophias is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Eulophiidae, the spinous eelpouts. These fishes are found in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

text:
# Eulophias

***Eulophias*** is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Eulophiidae, the spinous eelpouts. These fishes are found in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

## Species

*Eulophias* contains the following species:

## InfoBox

| *Eulophias* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Eulophias tanneri* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Scorpaeniformes |
| Family: | Eulophiidae |
| Genus: | *Eulophias*
H. M. Smith, 1902 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Eulophias tanneri*
H. M. Smith, 1902 | |


title: Eunidia aspersa

abstract: Eunidia aspersa is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Charles Joseph Gahan in 1904.

text:
# Eunidia aspersa

***Eunidia aspersa*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Charles Joseph Gahan in 1904.

## InfoBox

| *Eunidia aspersa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Eunidia* |
| Species: | ***E. aspersa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eunidia aspersa***<br>Gahan, 1904 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Eunidia congoensis* Breuning, 1948 * *Eunidia suturalis* Aurivillius, 1911 | |


title: Unison (Usenet client)

abstract: Unison was a shareware Mac OS X client for Usenet, developed by Panic Software. It required access to a news server and supports binary file downloading, group browsing and segmenting and error checking utilities. The software won the Apple Design Award for Best Mac OS X User experience in 2004, as well as being a runner-up in the "Best product" category. On 6 November 2014 Panic Software announced, with the release of version 2.2, that all further work on Unison had been discontinued. Unison is still available for download and no longer requires a purchased license; however, it is unsupported by Panic. It was also a Usenet newsreader.

text:
# Unison (Usenet client)

**Unison** was a shareware Mac OS X client for Usenet, developed by Panic Software. It required access to a news server and supports binary file downloading (including NZB support), group browsing and segmenting and error checking utilities. The software won the Apple Design Award for Best Mac OS X User experience in 2004, as well as being a runner-up in the "Best product" category.

On 6 November 2014 Panic Software announced, with the release of version 2.2, that all further work on Unison had been discontinued. Unison is still available for download and no longer requires a purchased license; however, it is unsupported by Panic.

It was also a Usenet newsreader.

## History

Unison 1.0 was released in 2004.

Unison 2.0 was released on January 5, 2010.

## InfoBox

Unison
| Developer(s) | Panic |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Stable release | 2.2  / 5 November 2014 |
|  | |
| Operating system | Mac OS X |
| Type | Usenet client |
| License | Proprietary |
| Website | Panic.com/unison/ |


title: Porto Acre

abstract: Porto Acre is a municipality located in the northeast of the Brazilian state of Acre. The economy is mainly based on agriculture. As of 2020 the municipality had an estimated population of 18,824.

text:
# Porto Acre

**Porto Acre** (Portuguese pronunciation: \[ˈpoʁtu ˈakɾi\]) is a municipality located in the northeast of the Brazilian state of Acre. The economy is mainly based on agriculture. As of 2020 the municipality had an estimated population of 18,824.

## Geography

Porto Acre is in the eastern part of the state of Acre, to the north of the BR-364 highway and Rio Branco. The municipal seat is on the left (west) bank of the Acre River, a tributary of the Purus River that runs through the municipality from south to north. The town can be accessed by boat along the Acre River or by land along the AC-010 highway which runs north from Rio Branco for 78 kilometres (48 mi). The distance from Rio Branco as the crow flies is 51 kilometres (32 mi). Porto Acre is limited to the north by the state of Amazonas, to the west and south by the municipality of Bujari, to the south by Rio Branco and to the east by the municipality of Senador Guiomard.

## History

The settlement is founded in Jan 3rd, 1899 by José Paravicini while Acre was under Bolivian rule, and was named "Puerto Alonso" in honor of the then Bolivian president Severo Fernández Alonso Caballero .

That year, Luis Gálvez Rodríguez de Arias expelled the Bolivians and declared the Independent State of Acre. He renamed Puerto Alonso to Cidade do Acre and made it the headquarters of the new state. The state created a flag, minted its own currency, drafted a constitution, appointed ministers and formed an army. However, Galves was deposed and arrested after a few months and the Bolivians regained control.

At the start of 1902 José Plácido de Castro accepted an invitation to lead a revolt against Bolivia. He took a boat up the Acre River, ostensibly to conduct land surveys in the south but in practice carrying arms and ammunition. He stopped off briefly in Puerto Alonso to meet the Bolivian governor Lino Romero and evaluate his future opponent. In the south he organised the rubber tappers and other inhabitants for the revolt. He then returned to Brazil, bypassing Puerto Alonso to avoid alerting the Bolivians.

Plácido captured Xapuri on 6 August 1902 and next day proclaimed that Acre was independent. On 14 October 1902 the rebels captured some of the outer defences of Puerto Alonso and the armed Bolivian launch *Rio Afua*, which they renamed the *Independencia*. Plácido de Castro surrounded the town on 8 January 1903, and launched an attack on 15 January 1903 that soon petered out. His men started to dig zigzag trenches to the Bolivian lines. Eventually, with his forces exhausted and almost out of ammunition, Romero surrendered on 24 January 1903.

## Recent years

The municipality of Porto Acre gained autonomy on 28 April 1992 when it was separated from the Rio Branco municipality. The first mayor and councillors took office of 1 January 1993. According to the 2010 census the municipality has a population of 14,806. The municipality has an area of 2,604.725 square kilometres (1,005.690 sq mi) and a population density of 5.71 inhabitants per square kilometre. The local football teams include Valência Porto Acre, Porto Acre AC, and AA Águia.

Porto Acre's economy is based on extraction of rubber, Brazil nut and wood processing, small-scale livestock, horticultural products and general commerce. The Acre River is still used for movement of goods and people. During the dry season its fertile banks are used to grow watermelon, banana, vegetables, cassava and other food crops. There are nine settlement projects with a total area of 126,700 hectares (313,000 acres), or 44.1% of the municipal area.

## Sources

* *História de Porto Acre* (in Portuguese), Municipality of Porto Acre, retrieved 2017-07-01
* Pedraja, René De La (2006-04-11), *Wars of Latin America, 1899-1941*, McFarland, ISBN 978-0-7864-8257-3, retrieved 2016-07-05
* "Porto Acre - AC", *Brasil Channel* (in Portuguese), retrieved 2016-07-06
* *Porto Acre* (in Portuguese), State of Acre, archived from the original on 2019-02-20, retrieved 2016-07-06
* Scheina, Robert L. (2003-07-31), *Latin America's Wars Volume II: The Age of the Professional Soldier, 1900-2001*, Potomac Books, Inc., ISBN 978-1-59797-478-3, retrieved 2016-07-05
* Senador Jorge Viana, *Plácido de Castro* (in Portuguese), retrieved 2016-07-04
* Sergio Lamarão; Inoã Carvalho Urbinati, *CASTRO, Plácido de* (PDF) (in Portuguese), Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil, retrieved 2016-07-04
* "Valência Porto Acre", *zerozero.pt* (in Portuguese), retrieved 2016-07-06

## InfoBox

| Porto Acre | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Historic house with Carpenter Gothic architecture, in Porto Acre, Brazil | |
|  | |
| Location of municipality in Acre State | |
| Coordinates: 9°35′16″S 67°31′58″W / 9.58778°S 67.53278°W / -9.58778; -67.53278 | |
| Country | Brazil |
| State | Acre |
| Founded | January 3, 1899 |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Bené Damasceno (Solidariedade) |
| Area | |
| Total | 1,153 sq mi (2,985 km2) |
| Population (2020 est ) | |
| Total | 18,824 |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (ACT) |
| Website | portoacre.ac.gov.br |


title: Vémars

abstract: Vémars is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department and Île-de-France region of France.

text:
# Vémars

**Vémars** (French pronunciation: \[vemaʁ\]) is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department and Île-de-France region of France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 553 |  |
| 1975 | 844 | +6.23% |
| 1982 | 842 | −0.03% |
| 1990 | 2,099 | +12.10% |
| 1999 | 2,058 | −0.22% |
| 2007 | 2,030 | −0.17% |
| 2012 | 2,198 | +1.60% |
| 2017 | 2,471 | +2.37% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Vémars | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Vémars town hall | |
|  | |
| Location of Vémars | |
| VémarsVémars | |
| Coordinates: 49°04′14″N 2°34′07″E / 49.0706°N 2.5686°E / 49.0706; 2.5686 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Île-de-France |
| Department | Val-d'Oise |
| Arrondissement | Sarcelles |
| Canton | Goussainville |
| Intercommunality | CA Roissy Pays de France |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Frédéric Didier |
| Area**1** | 8.18 km2 (3.16 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 2,848 |
| Density | 350/km2 (900/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 95641 /95470 |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Leticia Tonos

abstract: Leticia Tonos Paniagua is a Dominican director, producer and screenwriter born in Santo Domingo. She graduated in Advertising in 1992 from APEC University. She obtained a master's degree in Audiovisual Communications at the International University of Andalucía, Spain (1997). She graduated from The London Film School in 2001, specializing in film directing. She is a pioneer in the area of film co-productions in her country, having made co-productions with Spain, France, Puerto Rico, Haiti, among others. She is co-founder of ADOCINE. During the start of her career, she excelled in producing television commercials and feature films for national and international companies such as Vega Film (Switzerland), CineSon, Forti Lane (Miami), Les Films de l'Astre (France), Amuse Inc. (Tokyo), among others. Her short film "Ysrael", based on a story by Junot Díaz, was well-received internationally. Leticia Tonos has been an active member of the Dominican Film Industry, producing several films including "Perico Ripiao", one of the most successful Dominican Films to date. She is one of the founders of ADOCINE. Her first feature film, Love Child (2011), won the Audience Choice Award at the 27th Chicago Latino Film Festival and was the Dominican Republic's official entry in the category of Best Foreign Film at the 84th Annual Academy Awards. Her second film Cristo Rey (2013) was Official Selection at the Toronto International Film Festival. Her fourth film "Juanita" 2018 participated in festivals such as HBO New York Latino Film Festival and Miami International Film Festival, her fifth film A State of Madness (2020) winner of best film at the Peachtree Village International Film Festival in 2020, became her third film to represent the Dominican Republic at the Oscars. As a producer she has on her slate Jupia (2022), a horror / dark fantasy film based on the Taino legends of the Caribbean region. In 2020 she was awarded the Medal of Cinematographic Merit, becoming the first woman to receive such distinction. Her work has been characterized as a constant exploration of the Caribbean identity within the Latino context and in her firm belief in the potential that these stories have to have a global impact. She is currently the President of her Production Company "Linea Espiral".

text:
# Leticia Tonos

**Leticia Tonos Paniagua** is a Dominican director, producer and screenwriter born in Santo Domingo. She graduated in Advertising in 1992 from APEC University. She obtained a master's degree in Audiovisual Communications at the International University of Andalucía, Spain (1997). She graduated from The London Film School in 2001, specializing in film directing. She is a pioneer in the area of film co-productions in her country, having made co-productions with Spain, France, Puerto Rico, Haiti, among others. She is co-founder of ADOCINE (Dominican Association of Professionals in the Film Industry).

During the start of her career, she excelled in producing television commercials and feature films for national and international companies such as Vega Film (Switzerland), CineSon (Los Angeles), Forti Lane (Miami), Les Films de l'Astre (France), Amuse Inc. (Tokyo), among others. Her short film "Ysrael", based on a story by Junot Díaz, was well-received internationally.

Leticia Tonos has been an active member of the Dominican Film Industry, producing several films including "Perico Ripiao", one of the most successful Dominican Films to date. She is one of the founders of ADOCINE (Dominican Association of Professionals in the Film Industry, Inc.). Her first feature film, *Love Child* (2011), won the Audience Choice Award at the 27th Chicago Latino Film Festival and was the Dominican Republic's official entry in the category of Best Foreign Film at the 84th Annual Academy Awards.

Her second film *Cristo Rey* (2013) was Official Selection at the Toronto International Film Festival. Her fourth film "Juanita" 2018 participated in festivals such as HBO New York Latino Film Festival and Miami International Film Festival, her fifth film *A State of Madness* (2020) winner of best film at the Peachtree Village International Film Festival in 2020, became her third film to represent the Dominican Republic at the Oscars.

As a producer she has on her slate *Jupia* (2022), a horror / dark fantasy film based on the Taino legends of the Caribbean region.

In 2020 she was awarded the Medal of Cinematographic Merit, becoming the first woman to receive such distinction. Her work has been characterized as a constant exploration of the Caribbean identity within the Latino context and in her firm belief in the potential that these stories have to have a global impact.

She is currently the President of her Production Company "Linea Espiral".

## Selected filmography

“La Hija Natural” / “Love Child” (2011) Audience Choice Award 27th Chicago Latino Film Festival Best Fiction Film San José Intl. Film Festival Audience Choice Award 4º Global Film Festival Official Selection Shanghai Intl. Film Festival Official Selection HBO Latino Film Festival Best Director Casandra Awards DR's Official Representative Oscars® 2012

“Cristo Rey” (2013) Official Selection Toronto Intl. Film Festival Official Selection Miami Intl. Film Festival Opening Night Film Trinidad Intl. Film Festival DR's Official Representative Oscars® 2014

“Juanita” (2018) Official Selection Miami Intl. Film Festival Official Selection HBO NY Latino Film Festival Best Director La Silla Awards Best Production Design La Silla

“Mis 500 Locos” / “A State of Madness” (2020) Best Feature Peachtree Intl. Film Festival Official Selection HBO NY Latino Film Festival Opening Night Film Santander Intl. Film Festival DR's Official Representative Oscars® 2021

"*Aire: Just Breathe*" (2024)


title: Lessor Township, Polk County, Minnesota

abstract: Lessor Township is a township in Polk County, Minnesota, United States. It is part of the Grand Forks-ND-MN Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 197 at the 2000 census. Lessor is a corruption of Lessard, the surname of an early settler.

text:
# Lessor Township, Polk County, Minnesota

**Lessor Township** is a township in Polk County, Minnesota, United States. It is part of the Grand Forks-ND-MN Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 197 at the 2000 census.

Lessor is a corruption of Lessard, the surname of an early settler.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.4 square miles (94.3 km2), of which 35.6 square miles (92.2 km2) is land and 0.8 square miles (2.1 km2) (2.22%) is water.

## Demographics

At the 2000 census, there were 197 people, 73 households and 54 families residing in the township. The population density was 5.5 per square mile (2.1/km2). There were 90 housing units at an average density of 2.5/sq mi (1.0/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 99.49% White and 0.51% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.51% of the population.

There were 73 households, of which 32.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.2% were married couples living together, 1.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.0% were non-families. 26.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.28.

26.4% of the population were under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 21.8% from 25 to 44, 27.4% from 45 to 64, and 17.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 116.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 116.4 males.

The median household income was $35,417 and the median family income was $41,250. Males had a median income of $31,250 and females $21,528. The per capita income was $19,808. About 8.1% of families and 14.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.6% of those under the age of eighteen and 13.9% of those 65 or over.

## InfoBox

| Lessor Township, Minnesota | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Lessor Township, MinnesotaLocation within the state of MinnesotaLessor Township, MinnesotaLessor Township, Minnesota (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 47°42′6″N 95°54′17″W / 47.70167°N 95.90472°W / 47.70167; -95.90472 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Minnesota |
| County | Polk |
| Area | |
| Total | 36.4 sq mi (94.3 km2) |
| Land | 35.6 sq mi (92.2 km2) |
| Water | 0.8 sq mi (2.1 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,211 ft (369 m) |
| Population (2000) | |
| Total | 197 |
| Density | 5.5/sq mi (2.1/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| FIPS code | 27-36692 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0664765 |


title: Lepturges figuratus

abstract: Lepturges figuratus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Pascoe in 1866.

text:
# Lepturges figuratus

***Lepturges figuratus*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Pascoe in 1866.

## InfoBox

| *Lepturges figuratus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Lepturges* |
| Species: | ***L. figuratus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lepturges figuratus***<br>Pascoe, 1866 | |
|


title: Lepturges hahneli

abstract: Lepturges hahneli is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gilmour in 1959.

text:
# Lepturges hahneli

***Lepturges hahneli*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gilmour in 1959.

## InfoBox

| *Lepturges hahneli* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Lepturges* |
| Species: | ***L. hahneli*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lepturges hahneli***<br>Gilmour, 1959 | |
|


title: Lepturges griseostriatus

abstract: Lepturges griseostriatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1863.

text:
# Lepturges griseostriatus

***Lepturges griseostriatus*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1863.

## InfoBox

| *Lepturges griseostriatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Lepturges* |
| Species: | ***L. griseostriatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lepturges griseostriatus***<br>(Bates, 1863) | |
|


title: Lesley Manyathela Golden Boot

abstract: The Lesley Manyathela Golden Boot is an annual association football award presented by the Premier Soccer League to the leading goalscorer in the South African Premier Division. The award, colloquially known as the PSL Golden Boot or simply the Golden Boot, has been presented since the inception of the post-apartheid format of the league in 1996. It was named in 2003 in honour of Lesley Manyathela, a South African international footballer and former recipient of the award who died in a motor vehicle collision in August of that year. Wilfred Mugeyi was the first recipient of the award after he scored 22 goals for Bush Bucks in the inaugural Premier Division season. He is one of five players to have scored 20 or more goals in a season alongside Pollen Ndlanya, Collins Mbesuma, Siyabonga Nomvethe and Peter Shalulile. Mbesuma holds the record for the most goals scored in a single campaign following his return of 25 goals for Kaizer Chiefs in the 2004–05 season. He was also the first player to have won the award more than once, having claimed the trophy for a second time during his spell with Mpumalanga Black Aces in 2016, while Shalulile equalled this record in 2022, and broke it the following year. In doing so, the latter also became the only player to have won the award in back-to-back seasons. Bernard Parker holds the record for the fewest goals needed to win the award, with his return of 10 goals for Kaizer Chiefs in the 2013–14 season earning him the accolade. The award has been shared three times in the Premier Division's history, an occurrence which first took place in the 2017–18 season after Rodney Ramagalela of Polokwane City and Percy Tau of Mamelodi Sundowns both ended the campaign on 11 goals. Players from Moroka Swallows and Kaizer Chiefs have won the award the most times, with each club having four unique winners.

text:
# Lesley Manyathela Golden Boot

The **Lesley Manyathela Golden Boot** is an annual association football award presented by the Premier Soccer League to the leading goalscorer in the South African Premier Division. The award, colloquially known as the PSL Golden Boot or simply the Golden Boot, has been presented since the inception of the post-apartheid format of the league in 1996. It was named in 2003 in honour of Lesley Manyathela, a South African international footballer and former recipient of the award who died in a motor vehicle collision in August of that year.

Wilfred Mugeyi was the first recipient of the award after he scored 22 goals for Bush Bucks in the inaugural Premier Division season. He is one of five players to have scored 20 or more goals in a season alongside Pollen Ndlanya, Collins Mbesuma, Siyabonga Nomvethe and Peter Shalulile. Mbesuma holds the record for the most goals scored in a single campaign following his return of 25 goals for Kaizer Chiefs in the 2004–05 season. He was also the first player to have won the award more than once, having claimed the trophy for a second time during his spell with Mpumalanga Black Aces in 2016, while Shalulile equalled this record in 2022, and broke it the following year. In doing so, the latter also became the only player to have won the award in back-to-back seasons.

Bernard Parker holds the record for the fewest goals needed to win the award, with his return of 10 goals for Kaizer Chiefs in the 2013–14 season earning him the accolade. The award has been shared three times in the Premier Division's history, an occurrence which first took place in the 2017–18 season after Rodney Ramagalela of Polokwane City and Percy Tau of Mamelodi Sundowns both ended the campaign on 11 goals. Players from Moroka Swallows and Kaizer Chiefs have won the award the most times, with each club having four unique winners.

## Winners

Key
| **Player (X)** | Name of the player and number of times they had won the award at that point (if more than one) |
| --- | --- |
|  | Indicates multiple award winners in the same season |
|  | Denotes the club were South African Premier Division champions in the same season |
| § | Denotes the record for the most goals scored in a South African Premier Division season |
| ¢ | Denotes the record for the less goals scored in a South African Premier Division season |

Lesley Manyathela Golden Boot winners
| Season | Player | Nationality | Club | Goals | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1996–97 | Wilfred Mugeyi | Zimbabwe | Bush Bucks | 22 |  |
| 1997–98 | Keryn Jordan | South Africa | Manning Rangers | 11 |  |
| 1998–99 | Pollen Ndlanya | South Africa | Kaizer Chiefs | 21 |  |
| 1999–2000 | Dennis Lota | Zambia | Orlando Pirates | 18 |  |
| 2000–01 | Gilbert Mushangazhike | Zimbabwe | Manning Rangers | 19 |  |
| 2001–02 | Ishmael Maluleke | South Africa | Manning Rangers | 18 |  |
| 2002–03 | Lesley Manyathela | South Africa | Orlando Pirates | 18 |  |
| 2003–04 | Jackie Ledwaba | South Africa | Zulu Royals | 14 |  |
| 2004–05 | Collins Mbesuma | Zambia | Kaizer Chiefs | 25§ |  |
| 2005–06 | Mame Niang | Senegal | Moroka Swallows | 14 |  |
| 2006–07 | Christopher Katongo | Zambia | Jomo Cosmos | 15 |  |
| 2007–08 | James Chamanga | Zambia | Moroka Swallows | 14 |  |
| 2008–09 | Richard Henyekane | South Africa | Golden Arrows | 19 |  |
| 2009–10 | Katlego Mphela | South Africa | Mamelodi Sundowns | 17 |  |
| 2010–11 | Knowledge Musona | Zimbabwe | Kaizer Chiefs | 17 |  |
| 2011–12 | Siyabonga Nomvethe | South Africa | Moroka Swallows | 20 |  |
| 2012–13 | Katlego Mashego | South Africa | Moroka Swallows | 13 |  |
| 2013–14 | Bernard Parker | South Africa | Kaizer Chiefs | 10¢ |  |
| 2014–15 | Moeketsi Sekola | South Africa | Free State Stars | 14 |  |
| 2015–16 | Collins Mbesuma (2) | Zambia | Mpumalanga Black Aces | 14 |  |
| 2016–17 | Lebogang Manyama | South Africa | Cape Town City | 13 |  |
| 2017–18 | Rodney Ramagalela | South Africa | Polokwane City | 11 |  |
| 2017–18 | Percy Tau | South Africa | Mamelodi Sundowns | 11 |  |
| 2018–19 | Mwape Musonda | Zambia | Black Leopards | 16 |  |
| 2019–20 | Gabadinho Mhango | Malawi | Orlando Pirates | 16 |  |
| 2019–20 | Peter Shalulile | Namibia | Highlands Park | 16 |  |
| 2020–21 | Bradley Grobler | South Africa | SuperSport United | 16 |  |
| 2021–22 | Peter Shalulile (2) | Namibia | Mamelodi Sundowns | 23 |  |
| 2022–23 | Peter Shalulile (3) | Namibia | Mamelodi Sundowns | 12 |  |
| 2022–23 | Khanyisa Mayo | South Africa | Cape Town City | 12 |  |
| 2023–24 | Tshegofatso Mabasa | South Africa | Orlando Pirates | 16 |  |
|

## Awards won by nationality

| Country | Total |
| --- | --- |
| South Africa | 17 |
| Zambia | 6 |
| Zimbabwe | 3 |
| Namibia | 3 |
| Senegal | 1 |
| Malawi | 1 |

## Awards by club

| Club | Total |
| --- | --- |
| Moroka Swallows | 4 |
| Kaizer Chiefs | 4 |
| Orlando Pirates | 4 |
| Mamelodi Sundowns | 4 |
| Manning Rangers | 3 |
| Orlando Pirates | 3 |
| Bush Bucks | 1 |
| Cape Town City | 2 |
| Free State Stars | 1 |
| Golden Arrows | 1 |
| Jomo Cosmos | 1 |
| Mpumalanga Black Aces | 1 |
| Polokwane City | 1 |
| Zulu Royals | 1 |
| Black Leopards | 1 |
| Highlands Park | 1 |
| SuperSport United | 1 |

## InfoBox

| Lesley Manyathela Golden Boot | |
| --- | --- |
| Awarded for | The leading goalscorer in a given Premier Division season |
| Country | South Africa |
| Presented by | Premier Soccer League |
| First awarded | 1997 |
| Last awarded | 2024 |
| Currently held by | Tshegofatso Mabasa (1st award) |
| Most awards | Peter Shalulile (3) |


title: Leroy Dallas

abstract: Leroy Dallas was an American blues guitarist, singer and songwriter. Amongst his more notable numbers were "Good Morning Blues" and "Jump Little Children, Jump". He performed with Brownie McGhee and with Frank Edwards and recorded eight tracks in his own name between 1948 and 1962.

text:
# Leroy Dallas

**Leroy Dallas** (December 24, 1909 – September, 1967) was an American blues guitarist, singer and songwriter. Amongst his more notable numbers were "Good Morning Blues" and "Jump Little Children, Jump" (both 1948). He performed with Brownie McGhee and with Frank Edwards and recorded eight tracks in his own name between 1948 and 1962.

## Life and career

Dallas was born in Mobile, Alabama, in 1909 and relocated to Memphis, Tennessee, in 1924. He travelled widely in the Deep South in the 1930s and 1940s. Around 1937, in Knoxville, Tennessee, he played the washboard accompanying Brownie McGhee. Dallas teamed up with Frank Edwards and Georgia Slim for a while, and he also played solo on the streets of Chicago. In his itinerant early years, he formed a small band with James McMillan, who taught Dallas to play the guitar, and they performed in juke joints around the Mississippi Delta. Around 1940, he and Edwards performed on the radio program *Major Bowes Amateur Hour*. Dallas settled in Brooklyn, New York, in 1943, where he worked as a food server, stevedore, truck driver, and porter.

By 1946, Brownie McGhee had become a sought-after session guitarist in New York, backing Dallas, Big Chief Ellis, Stick McGhee, Champion Jack Dupree, and Bob Gaddy. Through these connections, McGhee arranged for Dallas to record some of his own material for Bob Shad's Sittin' in With label. At the first of these sessions in October 1948, Dallas recorded a version of the song originally known as "Good Morning, School Girl"; Dallas's version was entitled "Good Morning Blues". It was released as a single, backed with "I'm Going Away", by Sittin' in With Records. He also recorded two other tracks, "I'm Down Now, but I Won't Be Down Always" and "Jump Little Children, Jump", which were released as singles. On these New York recordings, Dallas sang and played the guitar, backed by McGhee on guitar, Wilbert Ellis on piano, and (probably) Gene Ramey on double bass. AllMusic noted that Dallas exhibited "little sign of urbanization (indeed his springy guitar rhythms positively countrify 'Jump Little Children, Jump'...)". In September 1949, Dallas recorded two more songs, "Your Sweet Man's Blues" and "Baby Please Don't Go Back to New Orleans", released by Sitting' in With and, under licence, by Jade Records (Jade 707).

Dallas was noted as a "capable guitarist" and "expressive singer", but it was not until January 1962 that the blues historian Pete Welding arranged for him to record two more tracks, "Sweet Man Blues" and "She Caught the M&O." These were his final recordings. He retired from the music industry later the same year. The last two songs he recorded, which were not released at the time, are included on the compilation album *Ramblin' on My Mind* (1965).

Dallas died in September 1967 in Brooklyn, New York.

His recordings have been issued on several blues compilation albums, including his "Your Sweet Man's Blues" on *Blues Roots Vol. 2 : Blues All Around My Bed* (1983). In 1994, all eight of his recorded songs were included on the Ralph Willis' compilation album *Ralph Willis: Complete Recordings Vol. 2 (1950–1953)*, issued by Document Records.

The American indie rock band Jump, Little Children, took its name from the Dallas song, which in itself was covered by Sonny Terry and Brownie McGhee.

## Discography

### Singles

| Year | Title | Record label |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1948 | "I'm Down Now, but I Won't Be Down Always" / "Jump Little Children, Jump" | Sittin' in With 522 |
| 1948 | "Good Morning Blues" / "I'm Going Away" | Sittin' in With 526 |
| 1949 | "Your Sweet Man's Blues" / " Baby Please Don't Go Back to New Orleans" | Sittin in With 537 and reissued on Jade 707 |

### Compilation album

| Year | Title | Record label |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1994 | *Ralph Willis: Complete Recordings Vol. 2 (1950-1953)* | Document Records |

## InfoBox

| Leroy Dallas | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1909-12-24)December 24, 1909
Mobile, Alabama, United States |
| Died | September 1, 1967(1967-09-01) (aged 57)
Brooklyn, New York, United States |
| Genres | Blues |
| Occupation(s) | Guitarist, singer, washboard player, songwriter |
| Instrument(s) | Guitar, vocals, washboard |
| Years active | 1930s–1962 |
| Labels | Sittin' in With, Jade Records |


title: Let U Go (ATB song)

abstract: "Let U Go" is a song originally written by the Canadian musicians Ken Harrison and Robert Michaels as "Wrong to Let You Go". This pop-rock song, recorded by the Wild Strawberries, the band consisting of Harrison and his wife Roberta Carter, first appeared on volume 3 of the compilation album series Women & Songs, then on the Wild Strawberries album Twist (2000). German dance DJ and producer ATB remixed the song and released it twice as a single, it being ATB's 6th and 15th single releases. The first version of the song was released on CD 1 of ATB's second album Two Worlds, which was released in 2000. The song bore a similar sound to prior singles "The Fields of Love" and "The Summer" from the same album. A year later ATB remixed the song again for a single release. By doing this he stepped away from his traditional sound and created a harder dance track, leaving out pitch-bends and guitar sounds. Apart from these changes, a second verse was also added to the song and a new main-hook was created. The single became ATB's biggest hit in his home country Germany, as it was his first, and only, top ten single, reaching number seven. It was the last ATB single to be released in the UK, the song peaked at number 34 in the United Kingdom. Eventually this version of the song appeared on his third album Dedicated, which also contained additional songs produced from the now-ongoing collaboration between Tanneberger and the Wild Strawberries.

text:
# Let U Go (ATB song)

"**Let U Go**" is a song originally written by the Canadian musicians Ken Harrison and Robert Michaels as "Wrong to Let You Go". This pop-rock song, recorded by the Wild Strawberries, the band consisting of Harrison and his wife Roberta Carter, first appeared on volume 3 of the compilation album series *Women & Songs*, then on the Wild Strawberries album *Twist* (2000). German dance DJ and producer ATB remixed the song and released it twice as a single, it being ATB's 6th and 15th single releases.

The first version of the song was released on CD 1 (*The World of Movement*) of ATB's second album *Two Worlds*, which was released in 2000. The song bore a similar sound to prior singles "The Fields of Love" and "The Summer" from the same album.

A year later ATB remixed the song again for a single release. By doing this he stepped away from his traditional sound and created a harder dance track, leaving out pitch-bends and guitar sounds. Apart from these changes, a second verse was also added to the song and a new main-hook was created. The single became ATB's biggest hit in his home country Germany, as it was his first, and only, top ten single, reaching number seven. It was the last ATB single to be released in the UK, the song peaked at number 34 in the United Kingdom. Eventually this version of the song appeared on his third album *Dedicated*, which also contained additional songs produced from the now-ongoing collaboration between Tanneberger and the Wild Strawberries.

## Track listings

### Let U Go (Germany release 1)

1. "Let U Go" (Airplay Mix) 3:30
2. "Let U Go" (ATB Remix) 7:03
3. "Let U Go" (UK Dub Mix) 6:46
4. "Let U Go" (Clubb Mix) 8:12
5. "Let U Go" (Trisco Remix) 6:46
6. "Let U Go" (Wippenberg Remix) 6:38

### Let U Go (Germany release 2)

1. "Let U Go" (Airplay Mix) 3:30
2. "Let U Go" (ATB Remix) 7:03
3. "Let U Go" (UK Dub Mix)
4. "Let U Go" (Club Mix) 8:12
5. "Let U Go" (Wippenberg Remix) 6:39

### Let U Go (Germany release 3)

1. "Let U Go" (Airplay Mix) 3:30
2. "Let U Go" (Trisco Remix) 9:00
3. "Let U Go" (UK Dub Mix) 6:46

### Let U Go (US release)

1. "Let U Go" (Airplay Mix) 3:30
2. "Let U Go" (Clubb Mix) 8:12
3. "Let U Go" (ATB Remix) 7:03
4. "Let U Go" (Wippenberg Remix) 6:38
5. "Let U Go" (UK Dub Mix) 6:46
6. "The Summer" 3:39

### Let U Go (Australia release)

1. "Let U Go" (Airplay Mix) 3:29
2. "Let U Go" (Clubb Mix) 8:19
3. "Let U Go" (ATB Remix) 7:04
4. "Let U Go" (UK Dub Mix) 6:49

### Let U Go (Netherlands release)

1. "Let U Go" (Airplay Mix) 3:32
2. "Let U Go" (Clubb Mix) 8:18

## Chart performance

## Let U Go Reworked

| "Let U Go (Reworked)" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by ATB | |
| from the album  *Seven Years: 1998-2005* | |
| Released | December 16, 2005 : Germany |
| Genre | Dance |
| Length | 3:26 |
| Label | Kontor Records (Germany) |
| Songwriter(s) | Ken Harrison
André Tanneberger |
| Producer(s) | André Tanneberger |
| ATB singles chronology | |
| "Humanity"
(2005) "**Let U Go (Reworked)**"
(2005) "Summer Rain"
(2006) | |

"**Let U Go (Reworked)**" is a single released by German dance musician ATB. The original "Wrong to Let You Go" had been written by Ken Harrison of the pop-rock band Wild Strawberries and world Guitarist Robert Michaels . ATB remixed it several times to release a dance version of the song in 2001.

In 2005 a greatest hits album called *Seven Years* was released, which included all previous singles and several new songs. One of these was "Let U Go (2005 Reworked)," being the former dance-single that had been turned into a calm pop-song. Roberta Harrison's vocals, which originally featured the song, were replaced by those of male singer Jan Löchel, who also played the guitar parts of this new version. An uptempo dance edit of the album version was eventually released as an MP3-single and vinyl. Unlike the album version, the radio edit contained bits that reminded of the 2001 single release. Later a CD-single was released elsewhere.

### Track listings

#### Let U Go reworked (Germany release 1)

1. "Let U Go (Reworked)" (Airplay Mix) 3:26
2. "Let U Go (Reworked)" (Ambient Remix) 3:43
3. "Let U Go (Reworked)" (AT&R Remix) 8:16
4. "Let U Go (Reworked)" (Tocadisco Doesn't Give a Rat's Ass Mix) 7:01
5. "Let U Go (Reworked)" (E-Craig's 2005 Rework) 7:32

#### Let U Go reworked (Germany release 2)

1. "Let U Go (Reworked)" (Airplay Mix) 3:26
2. "Let U Go (Reworked)" (Tocadisco Doesn't Give a Rat's Ass Mix) 7:01
3. "Let U Go (Reworked)" (AT&R Remix) 8:16
4. "Let U Go (Reworked)" (E-Craig's 2005 Rework) 7:31

### Charts

| Chart (2005) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Hungary (Dance Top 40) | 25 |
|

1. "ATB – Let U Go" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
2. "ATB: Let U Go" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
3. "ATB – Let U Go" (in German). GfK Entertainment charts. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
4. "Top National Sellers" (PDF). *Music & Media*. Vol. 19, no. 45. November 3, 2001. p. 15. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
5. "Polish Airplay Charts - Lista krajowa 20/2001". PiF PaF Production. Archived from the original on January 15, 2002. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
6. "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
7. "ATB – Let U Go". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
8. "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
9. "Top 100 Single-Jahrescharts (2001)". *GfK Entertainment* (in German). offiziellecharts.de. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
10. "Archívum – Slágerlisták – MAHASZ" (in Hungarian). Dance Top 40 lista. Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége. Retrieved 5 March 2020.

## InfoBox

| "Let U Go" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by ATB | |
| from the album  *Dedicated* | |
| Released | May 14, 2001 : Germany
June 26, 2001 : US |
| Genre | Dance |
| Length | 3:30 |
| Label | Kontor Records
Edel Records (Germany)
Radikal Records (U.S.) |
| Songwriter(s) | André Tanneberger
Ken Harrison and Robert Michaels |
| Producer(s) | André Tanneberger |
| ATB singles chronology | |
| "The Fields of Love"
(2000) "**Let U Go**"
(2001) "Hold You"
(2001) | |


title: Lesser long-tailed shrew tenrec

abstract: The lesser long-tailed shrew tenrec is a species of mammal in the family Tenrecidae. It is active at all hours of the day and night, but each individual maintains its own pattern of rest and activity.

text:
# Lesser long-tailed shrew tenrec

The **lesser long-tailed shrew tenrec** (***Microgale longicaudata***) is a species of mammal in the family Tenrecidae. It is active at all hours of the day and night, but each individual maintains its own pattern of rest and activity.

## Range and Habitat

It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical and tropical moist lowland and montane forests.

## Description

As its name implies, it occupies the ecological niche filled by shrews in other parts of the world. The coat is short, but dense, and quite lacking in the spines so common in this family. The long tail is prehensile. Its body is 5–15 cm long, with the tail being 7.5–17 cm long.

## Diet

Although it climbs well, it usually mostly forages on the forest floor for soil invertebrates like grubs, worms and small insects.

## Reproduction

Little is known, but they are believed to produce litters of 2-4 young. They do not appear to hibernate at all.

## InfoBox

| Lesser long-tailed shrew tenrec | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Afrosoricida |
| Suborder: | Tenrecomorpha |
| Family: | Tenrecidae |
| Genus: | *Microgale* |
| Species: | ***M. longicaudata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Microgale longicaudata***
Thomas, 1882 | |
|
|  | |
| Lesser long-tailed shrew tenrec range | |


abstract: "Let Me Live" is a song by English drum and bass band Rudimental and American DJ trio Major Lazer, featuring guest vocals from English singer Anne-Marie and Nigerian singer Mr Eazi. The song was released as a digital download on 15 June 2018, as the third single from Rudimental's third studio album, Toast to Our Differences (2019). The song was written by Thomas Pentz, Philip Meckseper, Jasper Helderman, Kesi Dryden, Piers Aggett, Amir Amor, Leon Rolle, Cesar Ovalle Jr., Bas van Daalen, Oluwatosin Oluwole Ajibade and Anne-Marie.

text:
# Let Me Live (Rudimental and Major Lazer song)

"**Let Me Live**" is a song by English drum and bass band Rudimental and American DJ trio Major Lazer, featuring guest vocals from English singer Anne-Marie and Nigerian singer Mr Eazi. The song was released as a digital download on 15 June 2018, as the third single from Rudimental's third studio album, *Toast to Our Differences* (2019). The song was written by Thomas Pentz, Philip Meckseper, Jasper Helderman, Kesi Dryden, Piers Aggett, Amir Amor, Leon Rolle, Cesar Ovalle Jr., Bas van Daalen, Oluwatosin Oluwole Ajibade and Anne-Marie.

## Background

"We started this song when Mr Eazi came through London and did a session with us," the group told Clash Music. "We ended up changing the key and got Anne-Marie to the studio, which took the song to a whole new level. We then ended up sending it to our friends Major Lazer who flew to London to work with us on it. After that, we heard Ladysmith Black Mambazo were in town and they ended up recording the BVs in the middle eight. Again this track sums up the theme of the album - we have West African, South African, British and American influences on it. It's so much fun to play this one live!"

## Charts

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Australia (ARIA) | Gold | 35,000 |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 200,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| "Let Me Live" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Rudimental and Major Lazer featuring Anne-Marie and Mr Eazi | |
| from the album  *Toast to Our Differences* | |
| Released | 15 June 2018 (2018-06-15) |
| Recorded | 2018 |
| Length | 3:25 |
| Label | Asylum |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) |  |
| Rudimental singles chronology | |
| "These Days"
(2018) "**Let Me Live**"
(2018) "Walk Alone"
(2018) | |
|  | |
| Major Lazer singles chronology | |
| "Loko"
(2018) "**Let Me Live**"
(2018) "All My Life"
(2018) | |
| Anne-Marie singles chronology | |
| "2002"
(2018) "**Let Me Live**"
(2018) "Don't Leave Me Alone"
(2018) | |
| Mr Eazi singles chronology | |
| "Bad Vibe"
(2018) "**Let Me Live**"
(2018) | |
|  | |


title: Let Me Live My Life

abstract: "Let Me Live My Life" is a song by Canadian-American rock supergroup Saint Asonia. It was released on July 17, 2015, as the second single from their debut self-titled studio album. The song was released two weeks before the album's arrival.

text:
# Let Me Live My Life

"**Let Me Live My Life**" is a song by Canadian-American rock supergroup Saint Asonia. It was released on July 17, 2015, as the second single from their debut *self-titled* studio album. The song was released two weeks before the album's arrival.

## Composition

The song runs at 177 BPM and is in the key of C♯ minor. A lyric video was released the same day the single came out. Gontier stated that "Let Me Live My Life" was his favourite song from the album. He revealed the meaning behind the song.

> "'Let Me Live My Life' definitely stands out as one of my favourites. That is a song about people dragging me down and me asking them to let me go. It definitely hits home for me."

Gontier also said that it is one of his favorite songs to play live stating, "It is a lot of fun, and it has that bouncy feel to it."

## Release

"Let Me Live My Life" was released digitally on July 17, 2015, and had its lyrics video premiere on the same day. The song was serviced to mainstream rock radio in the United States on December 24, 2015.

## Reception

Chad Childers of *Loudwire* stated, "The track gets going Corey Lowery's bass licks before giving way to a swinging drum and guitar combination from Rich Beddoe and Mike Mushok before Adam Gontier's vocals kick in. As for the lyrical content, it's a gut punch of a song." The song has amassed over 10 million streams on Spotify.

## Credits and personnel

Saint Asonia Production * Johnny K – producer, mixing engineer, engineer
* Bradley Cook – assistant engineer
* Matt Dougherty – assistant engineer

## Charts

## Release history

Release history and formats for "Let Me Live My Life"
| Region | Date | Format | Label | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Various | July 17, 2015 | Digital download | RCA |  |
| United States | December 24, 2015 | | Mainstream rock |  |

## InfoBox

| "Let Me Live My Life" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Saint Asonia | |
| from the album  *Saint Asonia* | |
| Released | July 17, 2015 |
| Length | 3:11 |
| Label | RCA |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Johnny K |
| Saint Asonia singles chronology | |
| "Better Place"
(2015) "**Let Me Live My Life**"
(2015) "The Hunted"
(2019) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Let Me Live My Life" (lyric video) on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Letili River

abstract: The Letili River is a river of Gabon. It is one of the tributaries of the Ogooué.

text:
# Letili River

The **Letili River** is a river of Gabon. It is one of the tributaries of the Ogooué.

* Lerique Jacques. 1983. Hydrographie-Hydrologie. in *Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré* led by The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Pg 14–15. Paris, France: Edicef.
* Perusset André. 1983. Oro-Hydrographie (Le Relief) in *Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré* led by The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Pg 10–13. Paris, France: Edicef.


title: Li Bifeng

abstract: Li Bifeng is a Sichuanese activist, poet, and Christian. He has been imprisoned since 1998.

text:
# Li Bifeng

**Li Bifeng** (born 1964 in Mianyang, Sichuan, China) is a Sichuanese activist, poet, and Christian. He has been imprisoned since 1998.

## Life and imprisonment

The poet and campaigner for democracy, Li Bifeng, wrote a report in 1998 about a courageous sit-in of a group of textile workers on a Chinese highway. He passed the report to human rights organizations abroad. In 1989, he was arrested and sentenced to 5 years because of "economic crimes", after he had taken part in the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and had been on the run for half a year.

After being released from prison in 1994, Li joined an "unofficial church" and established an organization of conscience-based care for Chinese with fellow Christians to conduct written reports on the living conditions of laid-off workers, women, and children across the country, providing information and acting on both domestic and international levels. In 1998, he was arrested again and sentenced to 7 years in prison for "economic fraud".

In November 2012, 48-year-old Li was sentenced to another twelve years in prison with no plausible reason or evidence and despite worldwide protests. The authorities accused him of helping his friend Liao Yiwu, the writer and winner of the Peace Prize of the German Book Trade in 2012, when he fled to Germany.

On 4 June 2013, the Berlin International Literature Festival held a worldwide reading for Li Bifeng.

## InfoBox

| Li Bifeng | |
| --- | --- |
| Native name | 李必丰 |
| Born | 1964<br>Mianyang, Sichuan, China |
| Occupation | Activist, poet, writer |
| Notable works | *Die Flügel des Himmels* (lit.'The Wings of Heaven') |