title: Shane Warne state memorial service

abstract: The Shane Warne state memorial service was held on the evening of 30 March 2022 at Melbourne Cricket Ground to commemorate the life of the Australian cricketer Shane Warne.

text:
# Shane Warne state memorial service

The **Shane Warne state memorial service** was held on the evening of 30 March 2022 at Melbourne Cricket Ground to commemorate the life of the Australian cricketer Shane Warne.

## Service

The service, which was free to attend and ran for around 140 minutes, was attended by about 55,000 people, broadcast on multiple channels and streamed online. The service ran at a cost of $1.6 million, almost triple the cost of the second-most-expensive memorial service in 2022, which cost $584,204. The service was ultimately watched by more than 1.5 million Australians. The seats on the field were on either side of the wicket, on which stood one set of stumps with a sun hat on top and a cricket ball nearby.

Businessman, media personality and former Collingwood Football Club president Eddie McGuire, a friend of Warne's, organised the memorial and served as master of ceremonies. The memorial was opened by Greta Bradman, Donald Bradman's granddaughter, who performed the national anthem "Advance Australia Fair". The service included eulogies from Warne's children, his father, his brother Jason, and other family members and friends. During his eulogy, Warne's father said, "Shane said of himself, 'I smoked, I drank, and I played a little cricket'".

Two panels of tributes and reminiscences about Warne were included in the proceedings. First, broadcaster Mark Howard hosted a cricket panel with Australians Allan Border, Mark Taylor and Merv Hughes, along with England's Nasser Hussain and West Indies' Brian Lara. Hussain recalled the first game of the 1998–99 Australia Tri-Nation Series final between England and Australia in Sydney, where Warne had been stand-in captain, and he also paid tribute on behalf of English cricket fans as well as his and Warne's colleagues at Sky Sports. Lara said his score of 277 not out—his maiden Test century and double Test century—in the third Test of the 1992–93 West Indian tour of Australia in Sydney, was aided by rain in Sydney that meant Warne could not find drift.

The second panel, which comedian Andy Lee hosted, focused on Warne's life outside cricket; it included a number of Warne's longtime friends. Only one cricketer was included—Warne's Hampshire teammate Dimitri Mascarenhas. The other members were comedian Glenn Robbins, retired Carlton and St Kilda footballer Aaron Hamill, and retired Geelong footballer and former co-host of *The Footy Show* Sam Newman.

The memorial had a line-up of musicians and celebrities who were friends with Warne, including Kylie Minogue and Hugh Jackman. Warne's former partner Elizabeth Hurley declined to appear or send a video tribute, saying she was "too emotional to encapsulate her feelings into a 30-second clip". A mixture of live and pre-recorded musical performances included Chris Martin singing a rearranged version of "Yellow", one of Warne's favourite songs; Elton John singing "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me"; Robbie Williams singing "Angels"; and Ed Sheeran singing "Thinking Out Loud", which was Warne's favourite Sheeran song. Jon Stevens and Anthony Callea also gave live performances; Callea sang "The Prayer" because Warne was said to be a big fan of Andrea Bocelli. Before the ending, jazz trumpeter Mat Jodrell played "When The Saints Go Marching In", which St Kilda Football Club use with some lyrical changes as their club song.

It was earlier decided the Great Southern Stand at MCG was to be renamed in Warne's honour. To conclude the memorial, Warne's children unveiled the Shane Warne Stand sign with a recording of Frank Sinatra singing "My Way" playing in the background as the crowd rose and cheered. The service was produced by Warne’s management team including Andrew Neophitou and Gareth Edwards.


abstract: "Love means never having to say you're sorry" is a catchphrase based on a line from the Erich Segal novel Love Story and was popularized by its 1970 film adaptation starring Ali MacGraw and Ryan O'Neal. The line is spoken twice in the film: once in the middle of the film, by Jennifer Cavalleri, when Oliver Barrett (O'Neal) apologizes to her for his anger; and as the last line of the film, by Oliver, when his father says "I'm sorry" after learning of Jennifer's death. In the script, the line is phrased slightly differently: "Love means not ever having to say you're sorry." The line proved memorable, and has been repeated in various contexts since. In 2005, it was voted #13 in the American Film Institute's list AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes. The band Sounds of Sunshine had a Top 40 hit in the United States with a song titled "Love Means You Never Have to Say You're Sorry" in 1971. "Love means never having to say you're..." is the opening sentence in the popular song "Can't Help but Love You" by The Whispers, from their album named after the movie, issued in 1972. The line has also been criticized and mocked for suggesting that apologies are unnecessary in a loving relationship. Another character played by O'Neal disparages it in the 1972 screwball comedy What's Up, Doc?: in that film's final scene, Barbra Streisand's character says "Love means never having to say you're sorry," and bats her eyelashes, and O'Neal's character responds in a flat deadpan voice, "That's the dumbest thing I ever heard." MacGraw disagrees with the line, calling it a "crock".

text:
# Love means never having to say you're sorry

"**Love means never having to say you're sorry**" is a catchphrase based on a line from the Erich Segal novel *Love Story* and was popularized by its 1970 film adaptation starring Ali MacGraw and Ryan O'Neal. The line is spoken twice in the film: once in the middle of the film, by Jennifer Cavalleri (MacGraw's character), when Oliver Barrett (O'Neal) apologizes to her for his anger; and as the last line of the film, by Oliver, when his father says "I'm sorry" after learning of Jennifer's death. In the script, the line is phrased slightly differently: "Love means not ever having to say you're sorry."

The line proved memorable, and has been repeated in various contexts since. In 2005, it was voted #13 in the American Film Institute's list AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes. The band Sounds of Sunshine had a Top 40 hit in the United States with a song titled "Love Means You Never Have to Say You're Sorry" in 1971. "Love means never having to say you're..." is the opening sentence in the popular song "Can't Help but Love You" by The Whispers, from their album named after the movie, issued in 1972.

The line has also been criticized and mocked for suggesting that apologies are unnecessary in a loving relationship. Another character played by O'Neal disparages it in the 1972 screwball comedy *What's Up, Doc?*: in that film's final scene, Barbra Streisand's character says "Love means never having to say you're sorry," and bats her eyelashes, and O'Neal's character responds in a flat deadpan voice, "That's the dumbest thing I ever heard."

MacGraw disagrees with the line, calling it a "crock".

The line has also been parodied countless times, usually substituting another word or phrase for "love" and/or "you're sorry", especially the latter.

## InfoBox

| "Love means never having to say you're sorry" | |
| --- | --- |
| Actor | Ali MacGraw |
| First used in | *Love Story* |
| Voted #13 in AFI's 100 Movie Quotes poll | |


title: Love to Go

abstract: "Love to Go" is a song by Belgian DJ Lost Frequencies, Dutch Electronic music trio Zonderling & British–Zimbabwean singer-songwriter Kelvin Jones. It was released as a single through Found Frequencies and Armada Music on 17 April 2020. The song was written by Martijn van Sonderen, Felix De Laet, Daniel Flamm, Patrick Salmy, Jaap de Vries, Ricardo Muñoz, Molly Irvine and Tinashe Kelvin Mupani.

text:
# Love to Go

"**Love to Go**" is a song by Belgian DJ Lost Frequencies, Dutch Electronic music trio Zonderling & British–Zimbabwean singer-songwriter Kelvin Jones. It was released as a single through Found Frequencies and Armada Music on 17 April 2020. The song was written by Martijn van Sonderen, Felix De Laet, Daniel Flamm, Patrick Salmy, Jaap de Vries, Ricardo Muñoz, Molly Irvine and Tinashe Kelvin Mupani.

## Charts

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Belgium (BEA) | Platinum | 20,000 |
| Germany (BVMI) | Gold | 200,000 |
| Netherlands (NVPI) | Platinum | 80,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Various | 17 April 2020 |  |  |

## InfoBox

| "Love to Go" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Lost Frequencies, Zonderling and Kelvin Jones | |
| from the EP  *Cup of Beats* | |
| Released | 17 April 2020 |
| Length | 2:49 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) | * Martijn van Sonderen * Felix De Laet * Daniel Flamm * Patrick Salmy * Jaap de Vries * Ricardo Muñoz * Molly Irvine * Tinashe Kelvin Mupani |
| Producer(s) |  |
| Lost Frequencies singles chronology | |
| "Beat of My Heart"
(2020) "**Love to Go**"
(2020) "One More Night"
(2020) | |


title: Martin Hanford

abstract: Martin Hanford is a British fantasy artist based in Herefordshire, England. In addition to painting album covers and T-shirt designs for a variety of heavy metal bands, including Bal-Sagoth, Twilight Force, Angantyr, Orange Goblin, Twisted Tower Dire, his work has featured on the covers of several novels published by Games Workshop and DMR Books, and on the cover and interiors of science fiction magazines including Interzone and The Future Fire. In addition to and private commissions, he has done various works for The Miskatonic Foundation and The Black Library as well as numerous bands and illustrations for gaming companies.

text:
# Martin Hanford

**Martin Hanford** (born 21 February 1974) is a British fantasy artist based in Herefordshire, England. In addition to painting album covers and T-shirt designs for a variety of heavy metal bands, including Bal-Sagoth, Twilight Force, Angantyr, Orange Goblin, Twisted Tower Dire, his work has featured on the covers of several novels published by Games Workshop and DMR Books, and on the cover and interiors of science fiction magazines including Interzone and The Future Fire. In addition to and private commissions, he has done various works for The Miskatonic Foundation and The Black Library as well as numerous bands and illustrations for gaming companies.


title: Young Cherrypickers

abstract: Young Cherrypickers Rugby League Club, founded in 1923, is an Australian rugby league football club based in Young, New South Wales. The club competes in the Group 9 Rugby League competition and conducts teams for both junior and senior teams.

text:
# Young Cherrypickers

**Young Cherrypickers Rugby League Club**, founded in 1923, is an Australian rugby league football club based in Young, New South Wales. The club competes in the Group 9 Rugby League competition and conducts teams for both junior and senior teams.

## History

Young Cherrypickers was founded in 1923, along with the Group 9 competition itself.

Since its inception, the club has won seven first grade premierships in Group 9, in 1952, 1953, 1955, 1956, 1974, 1984 and 1991.

In 2022, the club made its first Grand Final appearance since 1998, though they lost 34-14 to the Gundagai Tigers. The club also won the Group 9 Challenge Cup in that same season.

## Notable Juniors

## InfoBox

**Young Cherrypickers RLFC**
| Club information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Young Cherrypickers Rugby League Football Club |
| Colours | Red
White
Navy |
| Current details | |
| Ground(s) |  |
| CEO | Robert Bush |
| Competition | Group 9 Rugby League |
| Records | |
| Premierships | **7** (1952, 1953, 1955, 1956, 1974, 1984, 1991) |


title: Oleksiki

abstract: Oleksiki is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Herby, within Lubliniec County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) east of Lubliniec and 54 km (34 mi) north of the regional capital Katowice.

text:
# Oleksiki

**Oleksiki** \[ɔlɛkˈɕikʲi\] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Herby, within Lubliniec County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) east of Lubliniec and 54 km (34 mi) north of the regional capital Katowice.

## InfoBox

| Oleksiki | |
| --- | --- |
| Settlement | |
| Oleksiki | |
| Coordinates: 50°43′N 18°49′E / 50.717°N 18.817°E / 50.717; 18.817 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Silesian |
| County | Lubliniec |
| Gmina | Herby |
| Population | 11 |


title: Yummy (Gwen Stefani song)

abstract: "Yummy" is a song written and performed by American singer Gwen Stefani featuring Pharrell Williams from Stefani's second solo studio album, The Sweet Escape (2006). The track was released on November 11, 2006, as a promotional single for the parent album's release through Interscope Records. It was developed during several sessions in Miami, Florida, and Hollywood, California, in July 2005, for an intended EP or as extra tracks on Stefani's video album Harajuku Lovers Live (2005). The song was produced by the Neptunes. Musically, the collaboration is a dance-pop recording with a "day-glo" rap. Its lyrics deal with food, sexual intercourse, and the roles that an individual may have within a household. "Yummy" divided music critics, with some praising its minimalistic production, leaving others to find it too simple, in addition to criticizing its lyrics. It was often compared to Kelis' 2003 single "Milkshake". The track was performed during Stefani's The Sweet Escape Tour in 2006, where she entered the stage alongside two keyboard musicians. More recently, the singer sang a rendition of it as part of a melody, known as the "Harajuku Medley", during her MasterCard Priceless Surprises promotional events in 2015 and 2016.

text:
# Yummy (Gwen Stefani song)

"**Yummy**" is a song written and performed by American singer Gwen Stefani featuring Pharrell Williams from Stefani's second solo studio album, *The Sweet Escape* (2006). The track was released on November 11, 2006, as a promotional single for the parent album's release through Interscope Records. It was developed during several sessions in Miami, Florida, and Hollywood, California, in July 2005, for an intended EP or as extra tracks on Stefani's video album *Harajuku Lovers Live* (2005). The song was produced by the Neptunes (Williams and Chad Hugo). Musically, the collaboration is a dance-pop recording with a "day-glo" rap. Its lyrics deal with food, sexual intercourse, and the roles that an individual may have within a household.

"Yummy" divided music critics, with some praising its minimalistic production, leaving others to find it too simple, in addition to criticizing its lyrics. It was often compared to Kelis' 2003 single "Milkshake". The track was performed during Stefani's The Sweet Escape Tour in 2006, where she entered the stage alongside two keyboard musicians. More recently, the singer sang a rendition of it as part of a melody, known as the "Harajuku Medley", during her MasterCard Priceless Surprises promotional events in 2015 and 2016.

## Background and composition

After the release of *Love. Angel. Music. Baby.* in 2004, Stefani originally intended to return to No Doubt and start recording tracks for their upcoming and untitled sixth studio album, which would later become *Push and Shove* (2012). Instead, Pharrell Williams convinced her to record several more songs in Miami, Florida and Hollywood, California in July 2005, for a possible extended play (EP) or as bonus tracks on her live album *Harajuku Lovers Live*. "Wind It Up" and "Orange County Girl" were re-recorded after being originally featured during Stefani's 2005 Harajuku Lovers Tour, while tracks "U Started It", "Breakin' Up", "Candyland", and "Yummy" were developed for the singer's second album. On November 11, 2006, "Yummy" was released as a promotional single on CD and 12-inch format, with both containing the instrumental, an a cappella version, and either the radio edit or album version.

Pharrell co-wrote and executively produced "Yummy".

In an interview with the *Billboard* in January 2014, where Stefani discussed her then-upcoming third studio album, she stated that "Yummy" was among her favorites from her discography. She also revealed that she had wanted "Yummy" to be released as a commercial single:

> Those lyrics are crazy. I listen to that like, 'What was she doing?' Pharrell's just so creative, I remember back then, and he's always kind of been the same. He's always so positive and so sure and he never wants to repeat himself. Like, 'How can I make something different and new and not like anything else?' I look back at that whole record, and I think, 'Wow I wish there was more time to do more singles.' You only get so many things that people hear.

"Yummy" was written by Stefani and Pharrell Williams, while The Neptunes handled the track's production. Its style can be described as dance pop that contains a day-glo rap. As described by Mark Pytlik from *Pitchfork*, the song "mov\[es\] from a skeletal rhythmic backbone and resound\[s a\] 'Milkshake'-pitching triangle into a spiraling melody line that sounds like a Sherman Brothers outtake". Writing for *Slant Magazine*, Sal Cinquemani also compared it to Kelis' 2003 single "Milkshake", and stated it "finally gives a name to Pharrell's percussive minimalism". The recording opens with a "subdued, subtle and quiet atmosphere", while the outro consists of "scary and demented circus music", which serves as a "voyage into a mechanic's shop". Stefani discusses roles of a homemaker in the lyrics, singing: "I know you've been waiting but I've been out making babies" and "Man, there's so much heat beneath these clothes / It's time to make you sweat". Food imagery is continually mentioned in its lyrics, which Quentin B. Huff, writing for *PopMatters*, saw as an imitation of "Milkshake". The chorus consists of a "serious" and repetitive coo, where she sings "I'm feeling yummy head to toe".

## Critical reception

Upon release, the song received generally mixed reviews. Pytlik of *Pitchfork* applauded "Yummy" by calling it the "Best Song" on the parent album. *Slant'*s Cinquemani complimented Williams' minimalistic production on the track, and believed that it "would have made a far less divisive choice for a first single", referring to "Wind It Up" being the lead single from *The Sweet Escape*. Christina Fuoco-Karasinski from the former website LiveDaily enjoyed the song, calling it "delicious". Scott M. Baldwin from Sputnikmusic was mixed in his review of the parent album and stated that "Yummy" is "one of the dumbest sex songs ever written". He disliked the singer's lyrics as well, calling them "the worst lyrics Stefani has written", but praised Williams' production, calling it "just fantastic" and "a brilliant contrast". Amanda Murray from the same website also was mixed, calling it "random-bullshit-friendly".

Robert Christgau labeled the song as a "choice cut" (), signifying that it "is a good song on an album that isn't worth your time or money". Alex Miller from *NME* disapproved, claiming that the "clueless Fergie possesses Stefani for \[...\] the woefully oddball 'Yummy'", while Norman Mayers from *Prefix* opined that it was "bizarre". While comparing the five The Neptunes-produced tracks on the album, Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic found it to be "rather embarrassing" and "cloying and crass", rather than "effortless and effervescent". Lucy Davies, writing for BBC Music, described it as a "bland filler" that "sums her up \[as\] coquettish, amusing, annoying and hip wiggling in equal measure".

## Live performances

Stefani included the song on the setlist for her 2006 world concert tour entitled The Sweet Escape Tour. For the show's rendition, the singer walked upon a moving walkway alongside two keyboard players; Fuoco-Karasinski compared the introduction to that of Jamiroquai. The recording was also played during Stefani's fashion shows. At the promotional concert series MasterCard Priceless Surprises Presents Gwen Stefani, the song was performed as a part of a "Harajuku Medley", consisting of the songs "Harajuku Girls", "Don't Get It Twisted", "Now That You Got It", and "Bubble Pop Electric", and the aforementioned song. The medley contained J-pop and disco elements, and served as a "virtual sonic tour of Stefani's many stylistic identities".

## Track listings

## Credits and personnel

Management Personnel

Credits adapted from the liner notes of *The Sweet Escape*, Interscope Records.

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | November 11, 2006 | CD single | Interscope |  |
| | United States | | 12-inch single |  |
|

## InfoBox

| "Yummy" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Promotional single by Gwen Stefani featuring Pharrell | |
| from the album  *The Sweet Escape* | |
| Released | November 11, 2006 |
| Recorded | July 2005 |
| Studio |  |
| Genre | Dance-pop |
| Length | 4:57 |
| Label | Interscope |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | The Neptunes |


title: Northeast Texas Community College

abstract: Northeast Texas Community College (NTCC) is a public community college near Mount Pleasant, Texas.

text:
# Northeast Texas Community College

**Northeast Texas Community College (NTCC)** is a public community college near Mount Pleasant, Texas.

## History

In January 1984, the voters of Camp, Morris, and Titus counties approved a community college district for the area. The campus (centrally located among the county seats of Daingerfield, Pittsburg, and Mount Pleasant) and facilities were quickly chosen and constructed  by the fall semester of 1985 the first classes were held.

As a relatively modern campus with all new construction, NTCC has kept its main campus buildings of uniform appearance  all buildings are constructed of earth-tone brick with copper-tone metal roofs. In 2010, the college opened the new Elizabeth Hoggatt Whatley Agriculture complex, a Platinum-LEED certified classroom complex featuring the latest in alternative energy and environmentally-friendly technologies. The "net-zero" (producing more energy annually than it consumes) building is home to a *Sustainable Agriculture* program which teaches people to farm small acreages using a mixture of traditional and alternative farm methods, good business practices, and sensitivity to the long term environmental impact.

In addition to the main campus, the college has the Industrial Technology Training Center in Mount Pleasant, and outreach centers in Naples, Tx, and Pittsburg, Tx. The Culinary Arts program is also in Pittsburg.

The mission of the college is to offer "responsible and exemplary learning opportunities." The college song is "Eagles Soaring On."

NTCC is governed by a seven-member Board of Trustees. Three members are from Titus County, and two members each are from Morris and Camp counties.

## Academics

As with other community colleges, NTCC offers basic core courses which can lead to Associate of Arts or Associate of Science degrees, and/or transfer to four-year universities, as well as Associate of Applied Science degrees and certificates which allow students to immediately enter the workforce. NTCC also offers concurrent enrollment options for high school juniors and seniors.

NTCC students may obtain bachelor's degrees from Texas A&M University-Texarkana in the fields of teacher education and criminal justice, while taking all classes at the NTCC campus. NTCC and Texas A & M University at College Station have entered into an articulation agreement to provide a seamless transition for students who completed the Associate of Science Degree in Biomedical Science at NTCC to a Bachelor of Science Degree in Biomedical Science at Texas A & M. NTCC students must complete the A.S. degree with a 3.6 GPA, with no grades below "B" in science and math.

For high-achieving students, NTCC initiated an honors program in the spring of 2007. Each fall, fifteen Presidential Scholars are selected. Graduating seniors and freshmen with exemplary grades are admitted. Students from NTCC's award-winning honors program have presented work at the Great Plains Honors Conference, and the National Collegiate Honors Conference.

The Eagle is the official student monthly newspaper, staffed by students. Print issues are published every month during the fall and spring semesters.

## Service area

As defined by the Texas Legislature, the official service area of NTCC comprises the following:

## Student housing

NTCC has housing for 214 students. The complex includes Residential Housing West (RHW) and Residential Housing East (RHE). Children under 17 years of age are not permitted to live in the student housing.

## Sports

Northeast Texas Community College has a NJCAA Division I baseball team called the Eagles. They play their games at Eagle Field in Mount Pleasant, TX. The stadium features a grass playing field and 25 foot wall similar to the Green Monster that goes from left field to center field. It seats 1200 people and home run wall distances of 309 in left field, 400 in center, and 325 in right field. In 1996 the team won the NJCAA Division 1 National Championship with a record of 48–20. The team was coached by Greg Henry and Ty Harrington.

The Lady Eagles softball team play NJCAA Division I. They have a lighted, grass playing field (newly constructed in 2009) with bleachers and a press box/concession immediately behind home plate. They also have an adjacent practice field.

The men's & women's rodeo team compete across the country and earned 3rd place at Nationals in 2007.

Men's soccer was added in the Fall of 2010 and women's soccer in Fall, 2011. A competition-grade field exists on campus.

## InfoBox

Northeast Texas Community College
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Motto | Focused |
| Type | Public community college |
| Established | 1984 |
| President | Ron Clinton |
| Location | Mount Pleasant, Texas, United States
33°06′15″N 94°52′50″W / 33.104197°N 94.880556°W / 33.104197; -94.880556 |
| Campus | Rural, 375 acres (1.52 km2) |
| Newspaper | The Eagle |
| Colors | Red, white, and blue
 |
| Nickname | Eagle |
| Website | www.ntcc.edu |


title: 1935 Suvalkija farmers' strike

abstract: The farmers' strike in Suvalkija was a civil unrest in interwar Lithuania in 1935. It mostly affected Suvalkija where farmers demanded aid to help with a severe economic crisis. The strike was caused by more than threefold decrease in prices of agricultural goods due to the collapse of Lithuanian exports. Germany ceased Lithuanian imports due to the worsening political situation, while England enacted protectionist policies due to the Great Depression. As a result, farmers could not pay their loans or taxes and their discontent was fanned by the outlawed Communist Party of Lithuania. Their demands were mostly financial, but there were also political demands to replace the authoritarian regime of President Antanas Smetona. They began organizing in May 1935 and started a general strike on 20 August 1935. Mass protest rallies soon turned into violent clashes with the police, which left five strikers dead. By December 1935, the strike subsided and turned into terrorist incidents aiming to intimidate local officials and those who refused to join the strike. A police officer was shot and killed in November 1936. A total of 253 people were tried by a military court for their involvement with the strike. Nineteen people were sentenced to death, of which five were executed, while the rest were pardoned. The government blamed the opposition parties for inciting the strike and suspended them in November 1935. Further, all political parties were banned in February 1936.

text:
# 1935 Suvalkija farmers' strike

The **farmers' strike in Suvalkija** was a civil unrest in interwar Lithuania in 1935. It mostly affected Suvalkija (southern Lithuania) where farmers demanded aid to help with a severe economic crisis.

The strike was caused by more than threefold decrease in prices of agricultural goods due to the collapse of Lithuanian exports. Germany (the largest trading partner) ceased Lithuanian imports due to the worsening political situation (territorial claims to the Klaipėda Region and specifically the trial of Neumann and Sass), while England (the second largest export market) enacted protectionist policies due to the Great Depression.

As a result, farmers could not pay their loans or taxes and their discontent was fanned by the outlawed Communist Party of Lithuania. Their demands were mostly financial (e.g. lower taxes, deferral of loans), but there were also political demands to replace the authoritarian regime of President Antanas Smetona. They began organizing in May 1935 and started a general strike (refusal to pay taxes or sell their products) on 20 August 1935. Mass protest rallies soon turned into violent clashes with the police (most notably in Veiveriai on 27 August), which left five strikers dead. By December 1935, the strike subsided and turned into terrorist incidents aiming to intimidate local officials and those who refused to join the strike. A police officer was shot and killed in November 1936.

A total of 253 people were tried by a military court for their involvement with the strike. Nineteen people were sentenced to death, of which five were executed, while the rest were pardoned. The government blamed the opposition parties (particularly the Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party and the Lithuanian Popular Peasants' Union) for inciting the strike and suspended them in November 1935. Further, all political parties (except the ruling Lithuanian Nationalist Union) were banned in February 1936.

## Economic crisis

Economy of interwar Lithuania was dependent on agriculture. About 85% of people worked in the agricultural sector. It was a rapidly developing sector as farmers took out loans to expand and improve their farms, acquire fertilizers and machinery, etc. Their products were purchased by processing and export companies that monopolized their markets: Pienocentras for milk, Maistas for meat, and Lietūkis for grain. These three companies alone accounted for about half of the exports of Lithuania.

However, due to the Great Depression, exports fell sharply in the early 1930s. Lithuanian agricultural products were primarily exported to Germany (it accounted for 59% of all Lithuanian exports in 1929). However, as Hitler came to power, bilateral relations worsened due to the German territorial claims to Klaipėda Region. Exports to Germany practically ceased after the trial of Neumann and Sass. Germany even blocked Lithuanian efforts to export to other countries (e.g. France or Czechoslovakia) via German territory. Lithuania attempted to redirect its exports to England which was the second largest export market at 17% of all exports in 1929. However, after the British Empire Economic Conference, England imposed import quotas and duties. Further, the British pound was devalued. Due to lower prices and lower volumes, Lithuania's exports in 1934 accounted for just 28% of exports in 1929.

The situation was further complicated by the monetary policy. Lithuania kept the value of litas stable, which meant lower prices in the domestic market and uncompetitive exports. Such policy benefited those receiving stable wages and lenders, but was devastating to producers and borrowers. As a result, prices began to fall sharply. For example, the export price for a centner of wheat dropped from an average 47 Lithuanian litas in 1924–1928 to just 13 litas in 1934–1936. The prices that farmers received saw even larger declines. A farmer could sell a centner of wheat for 30–32 litas in 1928, and only for 3–5 litas in 1935. Overall, prices for agricultural products declined about 3.4 times. As a result, farmers could not pay their loans, taxes, or wages to their employees.

## Organizing the strike

Signs of discontent emerged in 1934. However, they were isolated incidents of farmers refusing to pay taxes, disrupting foreclosure auctions, attacking bailiffs or police officers, etc. The Communist Party of Lithuania (then outlawed in Lithuania) fanned the discontent, encouraged organized resistance, and sent its agitators and instructors. One of such communist activists was Karolis Didžiulis. Just in August–September 1935, the Communist Party published and distributed nine different proclamations. During the period of the Lithuanian SSR, communist role in the strike was exaggerated and the strike was portrayed as a "joint struggle against fascism." Other organizations also participated in the strike and distributed proclamations, including Farmers' Unity and *voldemarininkai*.

The farmers were most active in Suvalkija (districts of Marijampolė, Vilkaviškis, Šakiai, Sejny). This region, due an earlier abolition of serfdom, was an affluent agricultural region. Its farmers borrowed larger sums for farm improvements. The region was also better educated and was closer to the border with East Prussia (Germany) which allowed strikers to print various proclamations and smuggle weapons. Outside of Suvalkija, there were active strikers in the districts of Alytus, Trakai, Raseiniai as well as sympathizers across Lithuania.

The farmers began organizing in late May 1935. Meetings about a coordinated farmers' strike (refusal to pay taxes and sell their products) occurred in summer 1935. A key meeting took place in Gustaičiai attended by 25 representatives from the districts of Marijampolė, Vilkaviškis, Šakiai, Alytus. This meeting elected a committee that issued a proclamation calling for a general strike to start on 20 August 1935 and continue for a month. To ensure that farmers did not deliver their products to sell to city residents, strikers organized road blocks.

The farmers demanded to lower taxes, suspend repayment of loans, cancel foreclosure auctions, and increase in the purchase price of agricultural goods. However, there was also a group of farmers that made political demands to replace the government of Antanas Smetona and to restore democracy.

## Strike

### Clashes with police

On 25 August, about 3,000 people attended a protest in Prienai (the largest protest of the strike). It dispersed peacefully, but the following day the police started arresting the main organizers. On 27 August, the arrested organizers were transported to Kaunas but the police vehicles were stopped by protesters near Išlaužas. After a violent clash, the vehicles were smashed and prisoners were freed. Order was restored only after the government sent a hundred mounted policemen. Seven policemen were injured, and one striker Antanas Zablackas died of injuries.

On 27 August, in Veiveriai, strikers attempted to intimidate and expel from the town's marketplace farmers who did not join the strike. When police attempted to disperse the strikers (about 50 men), one striker shot a policeman in the leg. The police responded with fire. The shootout left two strikers (Juozas Gustaitis and Stasys Veiverys) dead, five strikers and three policemen injured.

On 27 August, communist activists organized a protest that attracted about 600 people in Butrimonys. They also clashed with the police. The following day, there clashes with the police in Balbieriškis and Daugai. On 30 August, there was a clash in Birštonas.

On 21 September, in Gražiškiai, police arrested three strike organizers (including farmer Pranas Eidukaitis). About 300 farmers gathered at the local police station and forced the police to free the arrested people. More arrest followed with another attempt to free the detained on 23 September. During this clash, striker Jurgis Abramavičius was killed, and two others were injured.

On 12 October, strikers attempted to disarm a group of Lithuanian Riflemen. Striker Juozas Alkevičius was killed in the incident.

On 12 December, there was a clash with the police in Plokščiai. On 16 February 1936 (anniversary of the Act of Independence of Lithuania), more than 1,000 attended a demonstration in Šakiai.

### Terrorist incidents

The general strike subsided by December 1935. Mass protests were replaced by terrorist incidents, including attacks on administrative offices and officials, damage to telephone wires, reprisals against those who refused to join the strike, etc. A number of local officials received threatening notes and letters. According to a report by the State Security Department from 1939, in total, 133 telephone posts were cut, 32 farms were set on fire, and 20 dairy collections points were destroyed.

On 9 November 1936, an unknown man entered the police station in Gražiškiai and shot dead police chief Liudas Lietuvninkas. He was given an official funeral. His art deco tombstone designed by the architect Vytautas Kašuba was added to the Registry of Cultural Heritage in 1993.

By fall 1936, terrorist incidents diminished. Former strikers continued to look for opportunities to organize a new strike with the help of the political opposition of the Smetona's regime. These efforts were unsuccessful and tapered off by fall 1937.

## Trials and executions

938 people received administrative sentences (i.e. without trial). A total of 253 people were tried by a military court (due to martial law which was in effect in Lithuania). Trials continued until 1938. Attorneys Antanas Tumėnas, Mykolas Sleževičius, Liuda Purėnienė represented some of the defendants *pro bono*. 19 people received death sentences, but 14 were pardoned by the president. 8 people received life sentences, 184 people received 1 to 15 years in prison. Many of the sentences were later commuted. For example, Jurgis Čėsna was initially sentenced to death, but was released in May 1938.

Four people (Petras Šarkauskas, Bronius Pratasevičius, Kazys Narkevičius, and Alfonsas Petrauskas) were executed by a firing squad at the VI Fort of Kaunas Fortress at 3:33 am on 23 May 1935. They organized a group of men who transported anti-government proclamations from Germany (police confiscated 25,680 copies), kept a cache of weapons and bullets, and attacked a farmer returning from a market. ELTA, the Lithuanian news agency, disseminated a press release about their execution which included and unsigned explanation that these men maintained contacts with foreign anti-government agents (i.e. Germany) and thus could not be pardoned.

The fifth person (Aleksandras Maurušaitis) was executed in a gas chamber on 21 October 1937. Among other crimes, Maurušaitis was accused of murder, arson at the farm of Jonas Pranas Aleksa (former Minister of Agriculture), shootout with the police while resisting arrest.

In September 1940, three months after the Soviet occupation of Lithuania, Soviet police arrested police officer Mikas Radzevičius for shooting at the strikers in Veiveriai.

## Aftermath

### Government changes

As a result of the unrest, a new government was formed on 6 September 1935. However, Prime Minister Juozas Tūbelis and most ministers remained the same, only Jonas Pranas Aleksa (Minister of Agriculture) and Steponas Rusteika (Minister of the Internal Affairs) resigned. In a press interview Tūbelis denied that government changes were caused by the strike. On 13 September 1935, police arrested Jonas Lapėnas, former director of Maistas and former chairman of the Nationalist Union, and accused him of corruption. He was sentenced to eights years in prison, but later acquitted.

The economic crisis and Germany's boycott of Lithuanian exports forced Lithuania to make concessions. Negotiations with Nazi Germany started in March 1936 and trade treaty was concluded on 5 August 1936. The exports to Germany rebounded, but Lithuania pardoned most of the defendants in the trial of Neumann and Sass and could not take more decisive actions to curb pro-Nazi propaganda in the Klaipėda Region.

The government made some moves to alleviate the economic hardship of the farmers. The land tax was reduced by 10% and eliminated for three years for new farmers. Repayment of loans to the government owned Land Bank were deferred until 1937. In some instances, foreclosures were delayed.

### Suppression of the opposition

The government and its official newspaper *Lietuvos aidas* variously blamed the communists, foreign forces (i.e. Nazi Germany), or local troublemakers (i.e. landless peasants, seasonal farm workers, criminals). The newspaper portrayed farmers as confused, misguided, or coerced by these nefarious forces. Farmers and the military were key supporters of the ruling Lithuanian Nationalist Union. The government also blamed the opposition parties on organizing the strike. There is some evidence that opposition parties (Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party, Lithuanian Popular Peasants' Union, Communist Party of Lithuania, Social Democratic Party of Lithuania) attempted to organize a joint popular front during the strike.

On 12 October 1935, former presidents and ministers from opposition parties (Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party members Aleksandras Stulginskis, Pranas Dovydaitis, Antanas Tumėnas and Lithuanian Popular Peasants' Union members Kazys Grinius, Mykolas Sleževičius, and Ernestas Galvanauskas) sent a memorandum to President Smetona. They urged the government to take immediate actions to solve the crisis; the most important of such actions would be forming a coalition government that would include members of the opposition and organizing democratic elections to the Seimas (parliament). In response, on 7 November, the government suspended both of these political parties for "activities harmful to the nation and the state". Further, all political parties (except the Nationalist Union) were banned in February 1936. While elections to the Fourth Seimas of Lithuania were held in June 1936, the Nationalist Union ensured its full control of the legislature.

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3. Jokubauskas 2019, p. 194.
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18. Jokubauskas 2019, p. 211.
19. Šarmaitis 1978, p. 370.
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21. Ruzgaitis, I. (21 November 1961). "Keletas faktų apie tariamąjį Suvalkijos ūkininkų streiką" (PDF). *Vienybė* (in Lithuanian). p. 5.
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23. Jokubauskas 2019, p. 209.
24. Jokubauskas 2019, pp. 213–214.
25. Jokubauskas 2019, p. 215.
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27. Šarmaitis 1978, p. 372.
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31. Černevičiūtė 2013, p. 24.
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33. Černevičiūtė 2013, p. 25.
34. Černevičiūtė 2013, p. 27.
35. ELTA (18 September 1940). "Byla dėl Veiverių valstiečių šaudymo". *Darbo Lietuva* (in Lithuanian). Vol. 113. p. 1.
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44. Tamošaitis, Mindaugas (2011). *Valstiečiai liaudininkai Lietuvos politiniame gyvenime 1926–1940 m.* (PhD thesis) (in Lithuanian). Vytautas Magnus University. pp. 165–166.
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47. Balkus 2012, p. 107.

## Bibliography


title: 1946 Copa del Generalísimo final

abstract: The 1946 Copa del Generalísimo Final was the 44th final of the Copa del Rey. The final was played at the Montjuïc, Barcelona, on 9 June 1946, being won by Real Madrid CF, who beat Valencia CF 3–1.

text:
# 1946 Copa del Generalísimo final

The **1946 Copa del Generalísimo Final** was the 44th final of the Copa del Rey. The final was played at the Montjuïc, Barcelona, on 9 June 1946, being won by Real Madrid CF, who beat Valencia CF 3–1.

## Details

| Real Madrid | 3–1 | Valencia |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Barinaga  2' <br>Pruden  40', 52' | Report | Gorostiza  81' (pen.) |

Montjuïc, BarcelonaAttendance: 60,000Referee: José Martínez Íñiguez

| GK **1**  José Bañón  DF **2**  Clemente  DF **3**  José Corona  MF **4**  Moleiro  MF **5**  Juan Antonio Ipiña ()  MF **6**  Félix Huete  FW **7**  Antonio Alsúa  FW **8**  Sabino Barinaga  FW **9**  Pruden  FW **10**  Nazario Belmar  FW **11**  Hermenegildo Elices  **Manager:**  Jacinto Quincoces | GK **1**  Ignacio Eizaguirre  DF **2**  Álvaro  DF **3**  Juan Ramón ()  MF **4**  Higinio Ortúzar  MF **5**  Carlos Iturraspe  MF **6**  Simón Lecue  FW **7**  Epi  FW **8**  Vicente Asensi  FW **9**  Mundo  FW **10**  Silvestre Igoa  FW **11**  Guillermo Gorostiza  **Manager:**  Eduardo Cubells |
| --- | --- |

## InfoBox

1946 Copa del Generalísimo Final
| Real Madrid, champions | |
| --- | --- |
| Event | 1946 Copa del Generalísimo |
|  | |
| Date | 9 June 1946 |
| Venue | Montjuïc, Barcelona |
| Referee | José Martínez Íñiguez |
| Attendance | 60,000 |
|


title: 1951 Swiss motorcycle Grand Prix

abstract: The 1951 Swiss motorcycle Grand Prix was the second race of the 1951 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 27 May 1951 at the Bremgarten circuit.

text:
# 1951 Swiss motorcycle Grand Prix

The **1951 Swiss motorcycle Grand Prix** was the second race of the 1951 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 27 May 1951 at the Bremgarten circuit.

## 500 cc classification

| Pos | Rider | Manufacturer | Laps | Time | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **Fergus Anderson** | **Moto Guzzi** | 28 | 1:34:44.2 | **8** |
| 2 | **Reg Armstrong** | **AJS** | 28 | +1:47.9 | **6** |
| 3 | **Enrico Lorenzetti** | **Moto Guzzi** | 28 | +2:07.5 | **4** |
| 4 | **Carlo Bandirola** | **MV Agusta** |  |  | **3** |
| 5 | **Benoît Musy** | **Moto Guzzi** |  |  | **2** |
| 6 | **Willy Lips** | **Norton** |  |  | **1** |
| 7 | Hans Baltisberger | Norton |  |  |  |
| 8 | Max Forster | Gilera |  |  |  |
| 9 | Väinö Hollming | Moto Guzzi |  |  |  |
| 10 | Sid Mason | Norton |  |  |  |
| 11 | Tommy Wood | Norton |  |  |  |
| 12 | Alexander Mayer | Norton |  |  |  |
|  | | | | | |

## 350 cc classification

| Pos | Rider | Manufacturer | Laps | Time | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **Leslie Graham** | **Velocette** | 22 | 1:10:48.5 | **8** |
| 2 | **Cecil Sandford** | **Velocette** | 22 | +1:18.6 | **6** |
| 3 | **Reg Armstrong** | **AJS** | 22 | +1:48.6 | **4** |
| 4 | **Paul Fuhrer** | **Velocette** |  |  | **3** |
| 5 | **Sid Mason** | **Velocette** |  |  | **2** |
| 6 | **Leonhardt Faßl** | **AJS** |  |  | **1** |
| 7 | Hans Baltisberger | AJS |  |  |  |
| 8 | Werner Mazanec | AJS |  |  |  |
| 9 | Herbert Laederach | AJS |  |  |  |
| 10 | Edmund Laederach | Norton |  |  |  |
| 11 | Väinö Hollming | Velocette |  |  |  |
| 12 | Helmut Volzwinkler | Norton |  |  |  |
| 13 | Heinrich Stamm | Velocette |  |  |  |
| 14 | Denis Jenkinson | Norton |  |  |  |
|  | | | | | |

## 250 cc classification

| Pos | Rider | Manufacturer | Laps | Time | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **Dario Ambrosini** | **Benelli** | 18 | 1:05:32.1 | **8** |
| 2 | **Bruno Ruffo** | **Moto Guzzi** | 18 | +1:10.8 | **6** |
| 3 | **Gianni Leoni** | **Moto Guzzi** | 18 | +3:00.3 | **4** |
| 4 | **Benoît Musy** | **Moto Guzzi** |  |  | **3** |
| 5 | **Cecil Sandford** | **Velocette** |  |  | **2** |
| 6 | **Nino Grieco** | **Parilla** |  |  | **1** |
| 7 | H. Steffan | Parilla |  |  |  |
| 8 | Alano Montanari | Moto Guzzi |  |  |  |
| 9 | Hans Haldemann | Parilla |  |  |  |
| 10 | Carlo Bellotti | Moto Guzzi |  |  |  |
| 11 | R. Thiery | Monet-Goyon |  |  |  |
| 12 | Heinrich Thorn-Prikker | Moto Guzzi |  |  |  |
|  | | | | | |

## Sidecar classification

| Pos | Rider | Passenger | Manufacturer | Laps | Time | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **Ercole Frigerio** | **Ezio Ricotti** | **Gilera** | 16 | 1:01:27.6 | **8** |
| 2 | **Albino Milani** | **Giuseppe Pizzocri** | **Gilera** | 16 | +2:03.6 | **6** |
| 3 | **Ernesto Merlo** | **Dino Magri** | **Gilera** | 16 | +2:56.4 | **4** |
| 4 | **Marcel Masuy** | **Denis Jenkinson** | **Norton** |  |  | **3** |
| 5 | **Eric Oliver** | **Lorenzo Dobelli** | **Norton** |  |  | **2** |
| 6 | **Giovanni Carru** | **Carlo Musso** | **Carru** |  |  | **1** |
| 7 | Jakob Keller | Gianfranco Zanzi | Eigenbau |  |  |  |
| 8 | Luigi Marcelli | ? | Gilera |  |  |  |
| 9 | Henri Meuwly | ? | Gilera |  |  |  |
| 10 | Heinrich Stamm | ? | Norton |  |  |  |
| 11 | Renato Prati | Marino Saguato | Moto Guzzi |  |  |  |
| 12 | F. Vaasen | ? | Norton |  |  |  |
| 13 | Carlo Vittone | ? | Carru |  |  |  |
|  | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

1951 Swiss Grand Prix
| Race details | |
| --- | --- |
| Race 3 of 8 races in the<br>1951 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season | |
|  | |
| Date | 27 May 1951 |
| Location | Circuit Bremgarten |
| Course | * Permanent racing facility * 7.280 km (4.524 mi) |
| 500cc | |
| Rider    Fastest lap  Rider  Geoff Duke Norton  Time  3:02.0   Podium  First  Fergus Anderson Moto Guzzi  Second  Reg Armstrong AJS  Third  Enrico Lorenzetti Moto Guzzi | |
| 350cc | |
| Rider    Fastest lap  Rider  Reg Armstrong AJS  Time  3:11.9   Podium  First  Leslie Graham Velocette  Second  Cecil Sandford Velocette  Third  Reg Armstrong AJS | |
| 250cc | |
| Rider    Fastest lap  Rider  Dario Ambrosini Benelli  Time  3:29.9   Podium  First  Dario Ambrosini Benelli  Second  Bruno Ruffo Moto Guzzi  Third  Gianni Leoni Moto Guzzi | |
| Sidecar (B2A) | |
| Rider    Fastest lap  Rider  Eric Oliver Norton  Time  3:38.9   Podium  First  Ercole Frigerio Gilera  Second  Albino Milani Gilera  Third  Ernesto Merlo Gilera | |


title: 1951 Swiss Grand Prix

abstract: The 1951 Swiss Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 27 May 1951 in Bern. The race was contested over 42 laps of the Bremgarten Circuit with it also being the opening race of the 1951 World Championship of Drivers. The race was the eleventh time that the Swiss Grand Prix was held with all of the races being held at Bremgarten. After claiming pole position for the race, Argentine driver, Juan Manuel Fangio would go on win the race by 55 seconds over Italian driver, Piero Taruffi who drove for Ferrari. Fellow Italian driver, Nino Farina rounded out the podium in the second Alfa Romeo car.

text:
# 1951 Swiss Grand Prix

The **1951 Swiss Grand Prix** was a Formula One motor race held on 27 May 1951 in Bern. The race was contested over 42 laps of the Bremgarten Circuit with it also being the opening race of the 1951 World Championship of Drivers. The race was the eleventh time that the Swiss Grand Prix was held with all of the races being held at Bremgarten.

After claiming pole position for the race, Argentine driver, Juan Manuel Fangio would go on win the race by 55 seconds over Italian driver, Piero Taruffi who drove for Ferrari. Fellow Italian driver, Nino Farina rounded out the podium in the second Alfa Romeo car.

## Report

The Swiss Grand Prix, the first event of the 1951 World Championship due to the absence of Monaco from the calendar, saw the Alfa Romeo team continue their dominance of the previous season. All four of their drivers occupied positions on the front two rows of the grid; the highest non-Alfa qualifier was Ferrari's Luigi Villoresi, who was alongside Fangio and Farina on the front row.

The race took place in the rain, with Fangio initially leading from Farina. Ferrari's Piero Taruffi also challenged for the lead, having started from sixth on the grid. Fangio pitted, handing Nino Farina the lead for the 24th lap of the race. However, Farina's decision not to make a pitstop did not pay off, as Fangio was able to retake the lead on lap 29. Fangio maintained the lead for the remainder of the race, eventually winning by nearly a minute from Taruffi, who had overtaken Farina on the penultimate lap. This was Taruffi's first podium in just his second championship race. The remaining Alfa drivers—Consalvo Sanesi and Toulo de Graffenried—completed the points paying positions, ahead of Ferrari's Alberto Ascari, who competed despite suffering from burns from the previous weekend's Formula 2 race in Genoa. Stirling Moss, driving for HWM, was in seventh, but ran out of fuel on the final lap, therefore yielding the position to Louis Chiron, who was driving a Maserati for Enrico Platé.

## Entries

| No | Driver | Entrant | Constructor | Chassis | Engine | Tyre |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 | Johnny Claes | Ecurie Belge | Talbot-Lago | Talbot-Lago T26C-DA | Talbot 23CV 4.5 L6 |  |
| 4 | Philippe Étancelin | Philippe Étancelin | Talbot-Lago | Talbot-Lago T26C-DA | Talbot 23CV 4.5 L6 |  |
| 6 | Yves Giraud-Cabantous | Yves Giraud-Cabantous | Talbot-Lago | Talbot-Lago T26C | Talbot 23CV 4.5 L6 |  |
| 8 | Louis Rosier | Ecurie Rosier | Talbot-Lago | Talbot-Lago T26C-DA | Talbot 23CV 4.5 L6 |  |
| 10 | | Henri Louveau | Talbot-Lago | Talbot-Lago T26C | Talbot 23CV 4.5 L6 |  |
| 12 | George Abecassis | HW Motors | HWM-Alta | HWM 51 | Alta F2 2.0 L4 |  |
| 14 | | Stirling Moss | HWM-Alta | HWM 51 | Alta F2 2.0 L4 |  |
| 16 | Peter Whitehead | Scuderia Ferrari | Ferrari | Ferrari 125 | Ferrari 125 F1 1.5 V12 |  |
| 18 | | Luigi Villoresi | Ferrari | Ferrari 375 | Ferrari Type 375 4.5 V12 |  |
| 20 | | Alberto Ascari | Ferrari | Ferrari 375 | Ferrari Type 375 4.5 V12 |  |
| 22 | Nino Farina | Alfa Romeo SpA | Alfa Romeo | Alfa Romeo 159A | Alfa Romeo 1.5 L8 |  |
| 24 | | Juan Manuel Fangio | Alfa Romeo | Alfa Romeo 159A | Alfa Romeo 1.5 L8 |  |
| 26 | | Toulo de Graffenried | Alfa Romeo | Alfa Romeo 159A | Alfa Romeo 1.5 L8 |  |
| 28 | | Consalvo Sanesi | Alfa Romeo | Alfa Romeo 159 | Alfa Romeo 1.5 L8 |  |
| 30 | Louis Chiron | Enrico Platé | Maserati | Maserati 4CLT-48 | Maserati 4 CL 1.5 L4 |  |
| 32 | | Harry Schell | Maserati | Maserati 4CLT-48 | Maserati 4 CL 1.5 L4 |  |
| 38 | Rudi Fischer | Ecurie Espadon | Ferrari | Ferrari 212 | Ferrari 212 2.5 V12 |  |
| 40 | Guy Mairesse | Yves Giraud-Cabantous | Talbot-Lago | Talbot-Lago T26C | Talbot 23CV 4.5 L6 |  |
| 42 | José Froilán González | José Froilán González | Talbot-Lago | Talbot-Lago T26C-GS | Talbot 23CV 4.5 L6 |  |
| 44 | Piero Taruffi | Scuderia Ferrari | Ferrari | Ferrari 375 | Ferrari Type 375 4.5 V12 |  |
| 46 | Francis Rochat | Francis Rochat | Simca-Gordini | Simca-Gordini T11 | Simca-Gordini 16 1.5 L4 |  |
| 48 | Robert Manzon /
Maurice Trintignant | Equipe Gordini | Simca-Gordini | Simca-Gordini T15 | Simca-Gordini 15C 1.5 L4 |  |
| 50 | | André Simon | Simca-Gordini | Simca-Gordini T15 | Simca-Gordini 15C 1.5 L4 |  |
| 52 | Peter Hirt | Peter Hirt | Veritas | Veritas Meteor | Veritas 2.0 L6 | ? |
| Sources: | | | | | | |
|

**^1**  — Consalvo Sanesi qualified and drove the entirety of the race in the #28 Alfa Romeo. Gianbattista Guidotti, named substitute driver, was not used during the Grand Prix. **^2**  — Francis Rochat, Maurice Trintignant and André Simon all withdrew from the event prior to practice. Robert Manzon, who was entered in the #48 Simca Gordini alongside Trintignant, also withdrew.

## Classification

### Qualifying

| Pos | No | Driver | Constructor | Time | Gap |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 24 | Juan Manuel Fangio | Alfa Romeo | 2:35.9 |  |
| 2 | 22 | Nino Farina | Alfa Romeo | 2:37.8 | \+ 1.9 |
| 3 | 18 | Luigi Villoresi | Ferrari | 2:39.3 | \+ 3.4 |
| 4 | 28 | Consalvo Sanesi | Alfa Romeo | 2:40.3 | \+ 4.4 |
| 5 | 26 | Toulo de Graffenried | Alfa Romeo | 2:41.8 | \+ 5.9 |
| 6 | 44 | Piero Taruffi | Ferrari | 2:45.2 | \+ 9.3 |
| 7 | 20 | Alberto Ascari | Ferrari | 2:46.0 | \+ 10.1 |
| 8 | 8 | Louis Rosier | Talbot-Lago-Talbot | 2:52.7 | \+ 16.8 |
| 9 | 16 | Peter Whitehead | Ferrari | 2:52.9 | \+ 17.0 |
| 10 | 38 | Rudi Fischer | Ferrari | 2:54.1 | \+ 18.2 |
| 11 | 10 | Henri Louveau | Talbot-Lago-Talbot | 2:56.2 | \+ 20.3 |
| 12 | 4 | Philippe Étancelin | Talbot-Lago-Talbot | 2:57.3 | \+ 21.4 |
| 13 | 42 | José Froilán González | Talbot-Lago-Talbot | 2:57.3 | \+ 21.4 |
| 14 | 14 | Stirling Moss | HWM-Alta | 2:58.4 | \+ 22.5 |
| 15 | 6 | Yves Giraud-Cabantous | Talbot-Lago-Talbot | 3:00.3 | \+ 24.4 |
| 16 | 52 | Peter Hirt | Veritas | 3:01.6 | \+ 25.7 |
| 17 | 32 | Harry Schell | Maserati | 3:02.4 | \+ 26.5 |
| 18 | 2 | Johnny Claes | Talbot-Lago-Talbot | 3:02.5 | \+ 26.6 |
| 19 | 30 | Louis Chiron | Maserati | 3:03.8 | \+ 27.9 |
| 20 | 12 | George Abecassis | HWM-Alta | 3:05.1 | \+ 29.2 |
| 21 | 40 | Guy Mairesse | Talbot-Lago-Talbot | 3:12.0 | \+ 36.1 |
| DNA | 34 | Prince Bira | Maserati |  |  |
| DNA | 36 | Toni Branca | Maserati |  |  |
| DNA | 46 | Francis Rochat | Simca-Gordini |  |  |
| DNA | 48 | Robert Manzon /
Maurice Trintignant | Simca-Gordini |  |  |
| DNA | 50 | André Simon | Simca-Gordini |  |  |
| Source: | | | | | |

### Race

| Pos | No | Driver | Constructor | Laps | Time/Retired | Grid | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 24 | **Juan Manuel Fangio** | **Alfa Romeo** | 42 | 2:07:53.64 | 1 | **9** |
| 2 | 44 | **Piero Taruffi** | **Ferrari** | 42 | \+ 55.24 | 6 | **6** |
| 3 | 22 | **Nino Farina** | **Alfa Romeo** | 42 | \+ 1:19.31 | 2 | **4** |
| 4 | 28 | **Consalvo Sanesi** | **Alfa Romeo** | 41 | \+ 1 Lap | 4 | **3** |
| 5 | 26 | **Toulo de Graffenried** | **Alfa Romeo** | 40 | \+ 2 Laps | 5 | **2** |
| 6 | 20 | Alberto Ascari | Ferrari | 40 | \+ 2 Laps | 7 |  |
| 7 | 30 | Louis Chiron | Maserati | 40 | \+ 2 Laps | 19 |  |
| 8 | 14 | Stirling Moss | HWM-Alta | 40 | \+ 2 Laps | 14 |  |
| 9 | 8 | Louis Rosier | Talbot-Lago-Talbot | 39 | \+ 3 Laps | 8 |  |
| 10 | 4 | Philippe Étancelin | Talbot-Lago-Talbot | 39 | \+ 3 Laps | 12 |  |
| 11 | 38 | Rudi Fischer | Ferrari | 39 | \+ 3 Laps | 10 |  |
| 12 | 32 | Harry Schell | Maserati | 38 | \+ 4 Laps | 17 |  |
| 13 | 2 | Johnny Claes | Talbot-Lago-Talbot | 35 | \+ 7 Laps | 18 |  |
| 14 | 40 | Guy Mairesse | Talbot-Lago-Talbot | 31 | \+ 11 Laps | 21 |  |
| Ret | 16 | Peter Whitehead | Ferrari | 36 | Accident | 9 |  |
| Ret | 10 | Henri Louveau | Talbot-Lago-Talbot | 30 | Accident | 11 |  |
| Ret | 12 | George Abecassis | HWM-Alta | 23 | Magneto | 20 |  |
| Ret | 6 | Yves Giraud-Cabantous | Talbot-Lago-Talbot | 14 | Ignition | 15 |  |
| Ret | 18 | Luigi Villoresi | Ferrari | 12 | Accident | 3 |  |
| Ret | 42 | José Froilán González | Talbot-Lago-Talbot | 10 | Oil pump | 13 |  |
| Ret | 52 | Peter Hirt | Veritas | 0 | Fuel System | 16 |  |
| Source: | | | | | | | |

Notes * **^1**  – Includes 1 point for fastest lap

*

## Championship standings after the race

Drivers' Championship standings

| Pos | Driver | Points |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Juan Manuel Fangio | 9 |
| 2 | Piero Taruffi | 6 |
| 3 | Nino Farina | 4 |
| 4 | Consalvo Sanesi | 3 |
| 5 | Toulo de Graffenried | 2 |
| Source: | | |

* **Note**: Only the top five positions are included. Only the best 4 results counted toward the Championship.

## InfoBox

| 1951 Swiss Grand Prix | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Previous race Next race | | | |
| Circuit Bremgarten track layout | | | |
| Race details | | | |
| Date | 27 May 1951 | | |
| Official name | XI Großer Preis der Schweiz | | |
| Location | Bremgarten, Bern, Switzerland | | |
| Course | Temporary street/road circuit | | |
| Course length | 7.28 km (4.524 miles) | | |
| Distance | 42 laps, 305.760 km (190.008 miles) | | |
| Weather | Overcast, rain | | |
| Pole position | | | |
| Driver |  | Alfa Romeo |
| Time | 2:35.9 | | |
| Fastest lap | | | |
| Driver | Juan Manuel Fangio | Alfa Romeo |
| Time | 2:51.1 | | |
| Podium | | | |
| First |  | Alfa Romeo |
| Second |  | Ferrari |
| Third |  | Alfa Romeo |
| Lap leaders * | | | |


title: 1947 Thames flood

abstract: The 1947 Thames flood was the most severe flood of the River Thames in the 20th century, affecting much of the Thames Valley as well as elsewhere in England during the middle of March 1947 after a severe winter. The worst in over 100 years, it was exacerbated by an extremely high tide.

text:
# 1947 Thames flood

The **1947 Thames flood** was the most severe flood of the River Thames in the 20th century, affecting much of the Thames Valley as well as elsewhere in England during the middle of March 1947 after a severe winter. The worst in over 100 years, it was exacerbated by an extremely high tide.

## Background

> Without the military to carry out rescue work, emergency flood-control measures, and other tasks occasioned by floods, the toll of destruction to lives and property would undoubtedly have been much higher than it was.

Alex J. Robertson

The source of the Thames is in Gloucestershire, and it flows east through Oxfordshire. Records have been kept of its water levels since 1893.

In January 1947, the country—particularly the southeast—had been hit by blizzards, which were severe enough to freeze the upper reaches of the River Thames. Winter storms continued into February. Before the flooding, 117 mm (4.6 inches) of precipitation and snow had fallen; the peak flow was 61.7 billion litres of water per day and the damage cost a total of £12 million to repair. The heavy snow had been followed by a period of relatively warm weather, which caused the snow to quickly melt on top of the still-frozen ground, which meant it had nowhere to drain. War damage to some locks made matters worse. Maidenhead was particularly badly damaged, with over 2,000 dwellings flooded.

The same weather conditions caused widespread flooding to many river basins in the country during March 1947. Although there were no deaths as a consequence of the flooding, the shock value was sufficient to put flooding on the political agenda.

## Aftermath

Other significant Thames floods since 1947 have occurred in 1968, 1993, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2007 and 2014.

Following the 1947 flood, a recent commentator has suggested, the Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead—having been particularly heavily hit—"judged that the zoning regulation after 1947 would cause the area to become derelict and destroy its amenities".

It is considered a 1/60 year-occurrence event.

The flood of 1947 is considered as being instrumental in formulating major government policy developments regarding flood control.

1. Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee 2008, p. 172.
2. "The great floods of 1947", by Martin Wainwright. *The Guardian*, 25 July 2007.
3. *Histories of Windsor — The Floods of 1947*, by G. G. Cullingham. First published in *Windlesora Magazine*, 1981. Updated for the 60th anniversary of the flood, March 2007.
4. Robertson 1987, p. 124.
5. Robertson 1987, p. 125.
6. Warner 2011, p. 218.
7. Robertson 1987, p. 14.
8. Mitchell, Chris (14 March 2007). "Environment Agency says check your flood risk using our flood maps". *Environment Agency*. Archived from the original on 6 December 2007.
9. Warner 2011, p. 219.
10. "1947 U.K. River Floods: 60-Year Retrospective" (PDF). Risk Management Solutions. 2007.
11. Warner 2011, p. 236.
12. Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee 2008, p. 37.
13. Warner 2011, p. 209.

### Bibliography

* Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee (2008). *Flooding: Fifth Report of Session 2007-08, Vol. 2: Oral and Written Evidence*. London: H. M. S. O. ISBN 978-0-21551-488-2.
* Robertson, A. J. (1987). *The Bleak Midwinter, 1947*. Manchester: Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-2347-7.
* Warner, J. (2011). *Flood Planning: The Politics of Water Security*. New York: I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-817-4.

51°30′N 1°00′W / 51.5°N 1.0°W / 51.5; -1.0


title: 1955–56 DFB-Pokal

abstract: The 1955–56 DFB-Pokal was the 13th season of the annual German football cup competition. It began on 29 April 1956 and ended on 5 August 1956. Five teams, one from each regional federation, competed in the tournament during three rounds. In the final Karlsruher SC defeated Hamburger SV 3–2, thereby defending their title from the preceding season.

text:
# 1955–56 DFB-Pokal

The **1955–56 DFB-Pokal** was the 13th season of the annual German football cup competition. It began on 29 April 1956 and ended on 5 August 1956. Five teams, one from each regional federation, competed in the tournament during three rounds. In the final Karlsruher SC defeated Hamburger SV 3–2, thereby defending their title from the preceding season.

## Matches

### Qualification round

| Spandauer SV | 0 – 1 | FK Pirmasens |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

### Semi-finals

| Fortuna Düsseldorf | 1 – 2 | Hamburger SV |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

| FK Pirmasens | 1 – 5 | Karlsruher SC |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

### Final

| Karlsruher SC | 3–1 | Hamburger SV |
| --- | --- | --- |
| * Termath  40', 63' * Kohn  87' | Report | Seeler  16' |

Wildparkstadion, KarlsruheAttendance: 25,000Referee: Adolf Loser (Essen)

## InfoBox

1955–56 DFB-Pokal
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | West Germany |
| Teams | 5 |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Karlsruher SC |
| Runner-up | Hamburger SV |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 4 |
| Goals scored | 14 (3.5 per match) |
|  | |


title: 1947 North Korean local elections

abstract: Two local elections were held in North Korea in 1947. Village and neighborhood( 리 인민위원회선거) people's committee elections were held on February 24–25 with a 99.85% voter turnout. 86.74% of the voters voted in favor of the candidates. Township people's committee elections were held on March 5, with a 99.98% voter turnout. 57.97% of the voters voted in favor of the candidates.

text:
# 1947 North Korean local elections

Two **local elections** were held in North Korea in 1947.

Village and neighborhood( 리(동) 인민위원회선거) people's committee elections were held on February 24–25 with a 99.85% voter turnout. 86.74% of the voters voted in favor of the candidates.

Township people's committee elections (Korean: 면 인민위원회 선거; RR: *Myeon Inmin-wuiwonhui Seongeo*) were held on March 5, with a 99.98% voter turnout. 57.97% of the voters voted in favor of the candidates.


title: 1949 Buenos Aires Grand Prix (I)

abstract: The first of three 1949 Buenos Aires Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race that took place on January 30, 1949, at the Palermo street circuit in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The event was marred by the death of popular French driver Jean-Pierre Wimille. He was driving his first flying lap during practice, when his car swerved to avoid children crossing the track, and slammed into a tree. He died instantly of massive head injuries. During the race, local driver Pablo Pessatti was also killed when his car overturned, and he was thrown out.

text:
# 1949 Buenos Aires Grand Prix (I)

The first of three 1949 **Buenos Aires Grand Prix** (official name: III Gran Premio del General Juan Perón y de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires) was a Grand Prix motor race that took place on January 30, 1949, at the Palermo street circuit in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

The event was marred by the death of popular French driver Jean-Pierre Wimille. He was driving his first flying lap during practice, when his car swerved to avoid children crossing the track, and slammed into a tree. He died instantly of massive head injuries. During the race, local driver Pablo Pessatti was also killed when his car overturned, and he was thrown out.

## Classification

| Pos | Driver | Constructor | Laps | Time/Retired |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Alberto Ascari | Maserati 4CLT | 35 | 1:30:23.1 |
| 2 | Luigi Villoresi | Maserati 4CLT | 35 | +41.0 |
| 3 | Óscar Alfredo Gálvez | Alfa Romeo 308 | 35 | +2:31.9 |
| 4 | Juan Manuel Fangio | Maserati 4CLT | 34 | +1 Lap |
| 5 | Prince Bira | Maserati 4CLT | 31 | +4 Laps |
| 6 | Victorio Rosa | Maserati 4CLT | 29 | +6 Laps |
| 7 | Adriano Malusardi | Maserati 4CLT | 25 | +10 Laps |
| 8 | Benedicto Campos | Maserati 4CL |  |  |
| Ret | Nino Farina | Maserati 4CL |  |  |
| Ret | Reg Parnell | Maserati 4CL | 4 | Engine |
| Ret | Ernesto Tornquist | Maserati 4CL | 4 | Engine |
| Ret | Pascual Puopolo | Maserati 8CL | 4 | Engine |
| Ret | Ernesto Tornquist | Maserati 4CL | 4 | Engine |
| Ret | Pablo Pessatti | Alfa Romeo |  | Fatal accident |
| DNS | Jean-Pierre Wimille | Simca-Gordini | 0 | Fatal accident |
| DNS | Amédée Gordini | Simca-Gordini | 0 |  |
| Source: | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 1949 Buenos Aires Grand Prix | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1949 Grand Prix season | | | |
|  | | | |
| Race details | | | |
| Date | January 30, 1949 | | |
| Official name | III Gran Premio del General Juan Perón y de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires | | |
| Location | Parco Palermo Buenos Aires | | |
| Course | Public roads | | |
| Course length | 4.87 km (3.03 miles) | | |
| Distance | 35 laps, 170 km (106 miles) | | |
| Pole position | | | |
| Driver |  | Maserati |
| Time | 2:36.8 | | |
| Fastest lap | | | |
| Drivers | Alberto Ascari | Maserati |
| Fastest lap | Luigi Villoresi | Maserati |
| Time | 2:32.4 (tied) (114.85 km/h) | | |
| Podium | | | |
| First |  | Maserati |
| Second |  | Maserati |
| Third |  | Alfa Romeo |


abstract: The 1951 Little All-America college football team is composed of college football players from small colleges and universities who were selected by the Associated Press (AP) as the best players at each position. For 1951, the AP changed its procedure by selecting three separate groups: a first team, a defensive platoon, and a second team.

text:
# 1951 Little All-America college football team

The **1951 Little All-America college football team** is composed of college football players from small colleges and universities who were selected by the Associated Press (AP) as the best players at each position. For 1951, the AP changed its procedure by selecting three separate groups: a first team, a defensive platoon, and a second team.

## First team

| Position | Player | Team |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Offense** | | |
|  | Robert Miller | Emory & Henry |
| | Robert Flanagan | St. Ambrose |
| | Joseph Pahr | Valparaiso |
| | Ralph Di Micco | Alfred |
|  | Dale Bruce | Ohio Wesleyan |
| | Haldo Norman | Gustavus Adolphus |
|  | Lester Wheeler | Abilene Christian |
| | Robert Williamson | San Francisco |
|  | William Chal | Kansas State Teachers |
| | William Dawkins | Florida State |
|  | Jim Hazlett | Susquehanna |
| **Defense** | | |
| DE | Jack Wilson | Randolph–Macon |
| | James Terry | Stephen F. Austin |
| DT | George Young | Bucknell |
| | Chester Lagod | Chattanooga |
| MG | Charles Salmon | Williams |
| | Vic Makovitch | Western Maryland |
| LB | Tito Carinci | Xavier |
| | Ken Spencer | St. Lawrence |
| DB | Jack Beeler | Wofford |
| | Norman Hash | Western Washington |
| | Ray Renfro | North Texas State |

## Second team

| Position | Player | Team |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Robert Heimerdinger | Northern Illinois State |
| | Andy Macdonald | Central Michigan |
| | Robert White | New Mexico Western |
| | Walter Kohanowich | Hofstra |
|  | Bernard Calendar | Louisiana College |
| | Holland Aplin | Tampa |
|  | Sal Gero | Elon |
| | Nick Bova | Lebanon Valley |
|  | Peter Pocius | Maine |
| | Skippy Jobson | Trinity (TX) |
|  | Gerald Wenzel | St. Joseph's (IN) |


title: Trond Sverre Hansen

abstract: Trond Sverre Hansen is a Norwegian jazz musician (drums). He is the son of jazz trombonist, Viggo Hansen and is considered one of the most prominent Norwegian drummers in the bebop genre.

text:
# Trond Sverre Hansen

**Trond Sverre Hansen** (born 27 January 1964 in Narvik, Norway) is a Norwegian jazz musician (drums). He is the son of jazz trombonist, Viggo Hansen and is considered one of the most prominent Norwegian drummers in the bebop genre.

## Career

Hansen debuted at the age of 14 with the legendary north-Norwegian guitarist Thorgeir Stubø, and participated in his quartet (1981–82). In the early 1980s he also played within "Samasjyen" in Harstad, and was, in other words a very young contributor to Narviks vital jazz scene at this time. He appeared in Erling Wicklund's show *Ung norsk jazz* at NRK in the early 1990s, and played with regional musician group "Jazz i Nord" together with the pianist Jørn Øien, bassist Konrad Kaspersen and trombonist Øystein B. Blix. This ensemble is documented on the album *Song, Fall Soft* (1995) with vocalist Marit Sandvik.

Hansen joined the Kjell Bartholdsen Quintet at "Festspillene i Harstad" 1984, collaborated within Øystein Norvoll Quintet at Kongsberg Jazzfestival in 1988, and was part of the Ernst-Wiggo Sandbakk Group in 1989–90. The combination Kaspersen/Hansen is a strong jazz accompaniment, and has laid the foundation for many constellations, among them Hallgeir Pedersen Trio (from 1999) which he is a permanent member of. His contribution here can be heard on the plates *West Coast Blues* (2002) *Wistful* (2004) and *Bluero* (2006). Another release Hansen contributes in is the album *Monk Moods* (1994) with the pianist Knut Kristiansen.

## Honors

## Discography

## InfoBox

| Trond Sverre Hansen | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1964-01-27) 27 January 1964
Narvik, Nordland |
| Origin | Norway |
| Genres | Jazz |
| Occupation(s) | Musician, composer |
| Instrument | Drums |
| Labels | Hot Club Records
NorCD |


title: Vexillum hendersoni

abstract: Vexillum hendersoni is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Costellariidae, the ribbed miters.

text:
# Vexillum hendersoni

***Vexillum hendersoni*** is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Costellariidae, the ribbed miters.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 17 mm, maximum diameter 6 mm.

(Original description) The small shell contains about seven whorls exclusive of about three small smooth brownish whorls in the protoconch. The color is whitish with a brownish base darker near the periphery, which appears as a narrow brown band just behind the suture on the spire. The axial sculpture consists of (on the body whorl about 10) rather sharp, nearly vertical ribs with wider interspaces, obsolete near the siphonal canal; s. The spiral sculpture consists of (on the penultimate whorl about eight) rather feeble flattish threads stronger and more widely spaced toward the siphonal canal from which they are separated by a distinct sulcus. The siphonal canal carries two or three much stronger spiral threads. The periostracum is pale and fibrous. The suture is distinct but not deep. The aperture is narrow. The outer lip is sharp, lirate internally. The columella has three plaits. The siphonal canal is moderately differentiated, slightly recurved.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico; also off Bermuda

* Jensen, R. H. (1997). A Checklist and Bibliography of the Marine Molluscs of Bermuda. Unp. , 547 pp

## InfoBox

| *Vexillum hendersoni* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shell of *Vexillum hendersoni* (specimen at the Smithsonian Institution) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Costellariidae |
| Genus: | *Vexillum* |
| Species: | ***V. hendersoni*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Vexillum hendersoni***<br>(Dall, 1927) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Costellaria hendersoni* (W.H. Dall, 1927) * *Mitra hendersoni* Dall, 1927 · unaccepted (original combination) * *Vexillum (Costellaria) hendersoni* (Dall, 1927) | |


title: Olcott, West Virginia

abstract: Olcott is an unincorporated community and coal town in Kanawha County, West Virginia, United States. Its post office is closed. The community was named after one Mr. Olcott, the proprietor of a local mine.

text:
# Olcott, West Virginia

**Olcott** is an unincorporated community and coal town in Kanawha County, West Virginia, United States. Its post office is closed.

The community was named after one Mr. Olcott, the proprietor of a local mine.

## InfoBox

| Olcott, West Virginia | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| OlcottLocation within West Virginia and the United StatesOlcottOlcott (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 38°14′4″N 81°43′27″W / 38.23444°N 81.72417°W / 38.23444; -81.72417 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | West Virginia |
| County | Kanawha |
| Elevation | 699 ft (213 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| GNIS ID | 1544344 |


title: Nouvelle Alliance Québec-Canada

abstract: The Nouvelle Alliance Québec-Canada was a political party in Quebec. It was founded in 2009 as the "Parti de la réforme financière", and changed its name in 2010. Its main aim was for the provincial government to make more sensible choices in the way it spends the people's money. According to QuebecPolitique.com, the party also advocated "the recovery of the financial situation of Quebec by the repatriation of all taxing powers from Ottawa to Quebec." The chief electoral officer withdrew the party's authorization on December 9, 2011. The party later moved its website back to www.reformefinanciere.com.

text:
# Nouvelle Alliance Québec-Canada

The **Nouvelle Alliance Québec-Canada** (English: **New Quebec-Canada Alliance**) was a political party in Quebec. It was founded in 2009 as the "Parti de la réforme financière", and changed its name in 2010. Its main aim was for the provincial government to make more sensible choices in the way it spends the people's money. According to QuebecPolitique.com, the party also advocated "the recovery of the financial situation of Quebec by the repatriation of all taxing powers from Ottawa to Quebec." The chief electoral officer withdrew the party's authorization on December 9, 2011. The party later moved its website back to www.reformefinanciere.com.

## Platform

* The Government of Quebec collecting and administer all public monies
* Requesting more in equalization payments

## Electoral history

In the 2009 by-election in Rivière-du-Loup, leader Denis Couture ran under the Parti de la réforme financière banner, coming in 7th out of 8 candidates with 40 votes (0.19%).

## InfoBox

| New Quebec-Canada Alliance Nouvelle Alliance Québec-Canada | |
| --- | --- |
| Leader | Denis Couture |
| Founded | 2009 (2009) |
| Dissolved | December 9, 2011 (2011-12-09) |
| Headquarters | 143, chemin de L'Écore Nord
Vallée-Jonction (Québec)
G0S 3J0 |
| Website | |
| reformefinanciere.com | |
|  | |


title: Na'wah (Upper Yafa)

abstract: Na'wah or Nawa was a sheikhdom and dependency of Upper Yafa. It was a section of the Mawsata.

text:
# Na'wah (Upper Yafa)

**Na'wah** or **Nawa** (Arabic: نعوة) was a sheikhdom and dependency of Upper Yafa. It was a section of the Mawsata.

## History

Na'wah was a dependency of Upper Yafa. It was placed within the British sphere of influence in the Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1914. However, it never signed a protectorate treaty with Britain.

In 1908, Britain fined Na'wah $1200 for aggression against Al-Dhubi.

In February 1915, during World War I, one of the sheikhs of Na'wah submitted to the Ottomans, although another refused to comply with the Ottoman summons.

It was annexed by the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen after the end of World War I, alongside Rubeaten (another Upper Yafa dependency) and later the Beda Sultanate.

## Geography

Na'wah laid on the frontier between Ottoman and British Yemen, to the north-east of Qa'tabah, and on the left bank of the Wadi Bana. It contained several villages and hamlets. One village, located 5 miles (8 km) from Wadi Bana, was called Na'wah. Another village under the Na'wah was Ar-Razaim.

## Government

As of 1915, Na'wah was ruled by 4 sheikhs.

## Foreign relations

In 1913, Na'wah has an emissary from the Imam of Yemen. For a long time, there was close commerce between Na'wah, Juban and Upper Yafa.

## Demographics

As of 1915, Na'wah had 4000 inhabitants.

## Military

As of 1915, Na'wah had 500 fighting men.

1. *Gazetteer of Arabia*. Vol. II. Government of India. 1917. p. 802.
2. *Records of Yemen, 1798-1960: 1940-1950*. Archive Editions. 1993. p. 474. ISBN 9781852073701.
3. "Na'wah, Yemen". *fallingrain*.
4. *Military report on the Aden Protectorate*. Government Monotype Press, Simla. 1915. p. 160.
5. Maitland, P (9 August 1903). "Letter to the Hon'ble Mr. S. W. Edgerley, C.I.E., Secretary to the Government of Bombay, Political Bombay". *Political Resident at Aden*.
6. Ritchie, R (27 January 1910). "Enclosure No. 1". *India Office*.
7. "8th Weekly Letter". *Political Resident at Aden*. 20 February 1915.
8. Jacob, H. (17 May 1913). "20th Weekly Letter". *Political Resident at Aden*.
9. *Military report on the Aden Protectorate*. Government Monotype Press, Simla. 1915. p. 25.


title: North Fork Crystal River

abstract:
North Fork Crystal River is a tributary of the Crystal River in Gunnison County, Colorado. The stream flows from a source in the Maroon Bells-Snowmass Wilderness to a confluence with the South Fork Crystal River in the White River National Forest that forms the Crystal River.
Class VI rapids not usually run, do not attempt to run at peak or high flows. Short but very continuous whitewater.

text:
# North Fork Crystal River

**North Fork Crystal River** is a tributary of the Crystal River in Gunnison County, Colorado. The stream flows from a source in the Maroon Bells-Snowmass Wilderness to a confluence with the South Fork Crystal River in the White River National Forest that forms the Crystal River. Class VI rapids not usually run, do not attempt to run at peak or high flows. Short but very continuous whitewater.

## InfoBox

| North Fork Crystal River | |
| --- | --- |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| coordinates | 39°02′58″N 107°00′11″W / 39.04944°N 107.00306°W / 39.04944; -107.00306 |
|  | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Confluence with South Fork |
| coordinates | 39°03′33″N 107°06′14″W / 39.05917°N 107.10389°W / 39.05917; -107.10389 |
| elevation | 8,894 ft (2,711 m) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | CrystalRoaring Fork<br>Colorado |


title: Rendezvous (Plan 9)

abstract: Rendezvous is a data synchronization mechanism in Plan 9 from Bell Labs. It is a system call that allows two processes to exchange a single datum while synchronizing. The rendezvous call takes a tag and a value as its arguments. The tag is typically an address in memory shared by both processes. Calling rendezvous causes a process to sleep until a second rendezvous call with a matching tag occurs. Then, the values are exchanged and both processes are awakened. More complex synchronization mechanisms can be created from this primitive operation. See also mutual exclusion.

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# Rendezvous (Plan 9)

**Rendezvous** is a data synchronization mechanism in Plan 9 from Bell Labs. It is a system call that allows two processes to exchange a single datum while synchronizing.

The rendezvous call takes a *tag* and a *value* as its arguments. The tag is typically an address in memory shared by both processes. Calling rendezvous causes a process to sleep until a second rendezvous call with a matching tag occurs. Then, the values are exchanged and both processes are awakened.

More complex synchronization mechanisms can be created from this primitive operation. See also mutual exclusion.


title: Rendezvous (Prison Break)

abstract: "Rendezvous" is the thirty-second episode of the American television series Prison Break and is the tenth episode of its second season. It was first aired on November 6, 2006, making it the first episode to be aired during the November sweeps in the United States. The episode is written by Karyn Usher and directed by Dwight H. Little. Regarding the casting of this episode, Rockmond Dunbar, does not appear in this episode. "Rendezvous" features the meeting of the characters, Michael Scofield and Sara Tancredi, for the first time in the second season. The episode takes place on June 3 as revealed in the previous episode.

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# Rendezvous (Prison Break)

"**Rendezvous**" is the thirty-second episode of the American television series *Prison Break* and is the tenth episode of its second season. It was first aired on November 6, 2006, making it the first episode to be aired during the November sweeps in the United States. The episode is written by Karyn Usher and directed by Dwight H. Little. Regarding the casting of this episode, Rockmond Dunbar (who plays Benjamin Miles "C-Note" Franklin), does not appear in this episode. "Rendezvous" features the meeting of the characters, Michael Scofield and Sara Tancredi, for the first time in the second season. The episode takes place on June 3 as revealed in the previous episode.

## Plot

The episode opens in Tribune, Kansas as Brad Bellick (Wade Williams) and Roy Geary (Matt DeCaro) continue to torture T-Bag (Robert Knepper) for the location of the five million dollars. While they torture T-Bag, they play the song, "Walking on Sunshine" continuously. After a fight, T-Bag swallows the locker key he had hidden in his sock which prompts Bellick and Geary to strap him to a toilet, where they force him to excrete the key. After retrieving the key, Bellick leaves T-Bag tethered to a radiator and calls 911 to tell them there is an intruder in the house, then he and Geary head to the train station and obtain the backpack from the locker. Bellick opens the bag to show the pile of money inside. Geary then threatens Bellick and hits him on the head twice with a meat tenderizer that they originally used to torture T-Bag in the house before leaving the station with the bag and an unconscious Bellick on the ground.

Sucre (Amaury Nolasco) is forced to continue on foot after his car broke down in Dinosaur, Nebraska. Once he gets to a gas station, he calls Theresa, Maricruz's sister. Theresa tells him that she and Maricruz are leaving on a trip to Ixtapa, Mexico but Sucre insists that Maricruz has to call him back on this payphone.

However, when the payphone rings, Sucre is unable to answer it due to the presence of the police. He later leaves a message on Theresa's answering machine telling her he will be waiting for Maricruz at an airport in Mexico when her vacation is finished. He also says the couple can go to his aunt's farm outside of Mexico City, and that there is a llama for the baby to ride on. Hector later enters Theresa's home in a jealous rage, asking for Maricruz.

After arriving in Gila, New Mexico, Agent Mahone (William Fichtner) calls Agent Kellerman, who is on his way to Willcox, Arizona, to tell him that he is closing on Michael Scofield (Wentworth Miller) and Sara Tancredi (Sarah Wayne Callies). Mahone visits several hotels in Gila and finally finds the one Sara stayed at under the alias, Kelli Foster. He retrieves the fax Michael had sent to Sara twenty minutes earlier and immediately heads to the location stated in the fax.

As Mahone searched through the hotels in Gila, Michael and Sara had their rendezvous. Sara asks about Michael's plan and is disappointed when he tells her about Panama. Michael tells her that he has many regrets and that his biggest regret was what he had done to her. Their conversation is interrupted by the arrival of Mahone. They get into Michael's car and are chased by Mahone. Ultimately, they crash into an abandoned factory, where Mahone continues to pursue them. Michael distracts Mahone in order to help Sara escape the factory. He later opens a propane valve and traps Mahone in a cage, where Mahone tells Michael that the difference between them is that he is willing to kill and Michael is not. He also reveals to Michael that he knows about Panama. In the meantime, Sara disables Mahone's car and retrieves her car to pick up Michael.

They proceed to a motel after making some purchases. As Sara cleans and wraps his wound, (which he sustained from accidentally knocking into the sharp end of the propane gas valve while hiding from Mahone) Michael asks her to stay with him for one more day; his meeting with the coyote is tomorrow. However, after she tells him to clean up, Sara leaves. Just as Michael finds her note, Sara changes her mind but is confronted by Kellerman, who had been told by Agent Kim (Reggie Lee) to interrogate her.

At the Chicago headquarters of the F.B.I., the federal agents celebrate after the arrests of Lincoln Burrows (Dominic Purcell) and his son in Willcox, Arizona were confirmed. However, the patrol car occupied by Lincoln and L. J. (Marshall Allman) is run off the road by a black van. Lincoln and L. J. escape from the crash but are stopped by a group of people who tell them that they were associates of Lincoln's father. They are taken to a secured house in Trinidad, Colorado, where Lincoln is questioned about the whereabouts of his brother. Suspicious of these people, Lincoln and L. J. attempt to escape just as his father arrives.

After Lincoln introduces his father, Aldo Burrows (Anthony Denison) to L. J., his father tells him to stop running and that they can exonerate him soon with the evidence he has gathered. However, Lincoln insists on meeting with Michael. Meanwhile, an agent who is watching over their discussion receives a call from Agent Kim. Kim tells him to kill the three Burrows at once.

## Reception

In terms of viewership, the Country Music Association Awards on ABC was in first place in the 8:00pm timeslot but Fox's *Prison Break* obtained the largest amount of audience in the 18-34 demographics. The viewer ratings for this episode placed Fox in fourth place in the timeslot with an average of 8.6 million viewers and a 3.5% household rating and 9% household share.

This episode attained varied responses from the critics. *The San Diego Union-Tribune* gave a positive criticism for the episode, giving it an A grade and the author commented that "the pacing is back, and I’m back on the edge of my seat". Similarly, the *Victoria Times-Colonist* called it a "briskly paced hour of entertainment television". On the other hand, the critic from the *Arizona Daily Star* stated that the episode "underwhelmed" him and that "all it did was create more cliffhangers". The *TV Fodder* made similar comments on the episode, stating that the episode was filled with small stories that "needed to be told in order to move on to some bigger plot points". The author concluded his review with "I was mostly bored during this episode".

## InfoBox

| "**Rendezvous**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Prison Break* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 2<br>Episode 10 |
| Directed by | Dwight H. Little |
| Written by | Karyn Usher |
| Featured music | Ramin Djawadi |
| Production code | 2AKJ10 |
| Original air date | November 6, 2006 (2006-11-06) |
| Guest appearances | |
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title: Republic station

abstract: Republic was a station stop along the Ronkonkoma Branch which served employees of the Fairchild Engine & Airplane Manufacturing Company and the nearby Republic Airport from 1940 to the late 1980s. As part of a double-tracking project on the line, the station may be reopened.

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# Republic station

**Republic** was a station stop along the Ronkonkoma Branch which served employees of the Fairchild Engine & Airplane Manufacturing Company and the nearby Republic Airport from 1940 to the late 1980s. As part of a double-tracking project on the line, the station may be reopened.

## History

### Original station

Republic station opened on December 9, 1940, with simple wooden shelters for passengers. When electrification was extended from Hicksville to Ronkonkoma in the 1980s, the LIRR proposed to close the stops at Republic, Grumman, Pineaire, Brentwood, and Deer Park to speed travel times and to avoid the cost of building high level platforms at lightly used stations. The latter two were ultimately kept, but Republic closed in either 1986 or 1987 due to its low ridership and the high cost of new platforms. The old station platforms have been removed, but the two staircases down to Route 110 remain, though gated off.

### Proposed reopening

As part of the project that added a second track from Farmingdale to Ronkonkoma, the MTA is considering reopening Republic station. The reopened station would serve the Route 110 corridor, a major north–south commercial route. The station was cut from the project in 2010 due to budgetary issues, but revived in 2012. The MTA Board included money for planning and engineering in the approved 2015-2019 Capital Plan, and anticipates funding construction through a future Capital Plan.

## InfoBox

| Republic | |
| --- | --- |
| Remains of the staircase to the former Republic station | |
| General information | |
| Location | Broad Hollow Road and Conklin Street
Farmingdale, New York |
| Coordinates | 40°44′25″N 73°25′19″W / 40.740278°N 73.421944°W / 40.740278; -73.421944 |
| Owned by | Long Island Rail Road |
| Line(s) | Main Line |
| Platforms | 2 side platform |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Other information | |
| Station code | None |
| History | |
| Opened | December 9, 1940 |
| Closed | 1986 or 1987 |
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|  | |
| Former services | |
| Preceding station  Long Island Rail Road Following station  Farmingdaletoward Penn Station or Grand Central  Ronkonkoma Branch  Pinelawntoward Ronkonkoma  Preceding station Long Island
Rail Road Following station  Farmingdaletoward Long Island City or Penn Station  Main Line  Pinelawntoward Greenport | |
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title: Gérard Banide

abstract: Gérard Banide is a French former football coach. He is the father of Laurent Banide.

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# Gérard Banide

**Gérard Banide** (born 12 July 1936) is a French former football coach. He is the father of Laurent Banide.

## InfoBox

Gérard Banide
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1936-07-12) 12 July 1936 | | |
| Place of birth | Paris, France | | |
| Managerial career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | | |
| 1973–1976 | INF Vichy | | |
| 1976–1979 | Monaco (Youth academy) | | |
| 1979–1983 | Monaco | | |
| 1983–1984 | Mulhouse | | |
| 1984–1986 | France (Assistant coach) | | |
| 1986–1988 | Marseille | | |
| 1988–1989 | Strasbourg | | |
| 1990 | Paris Saint-Germain (Assistant coach) | | |
| 1990–1995 | Monaco (Youth academy) | | |
| 1995 | Monaco | | |
| 1995–2002 | Monaco (Youth academy) | | |


title: HD 153370

abstract: HD 153370 is binary star in the southern constellation of Ara.

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# HD 153370

**HD 153370** is binary star in the southern constellation of Ara.

## InfoBox

HD 153370
| Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000 | |
| --- | --- |
| Constellation | Ara |
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| Right ascension | 17h 01m 46.35181s |
| Declination | −51° 07 51.7016 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 6.45 (7.23 + 7.27) |
| Characteristics | |
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| Spectral type | A7V |
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| B−V color index | +0.27 |
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| Astrometry | |
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| **Radial velocity (Rv)** | −27.90±1.78 km/s |
| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: −10.62 mas/yr
Dec.: −45.64 mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 9.57 ± 0.86 mas |
| **Distance** | 340 ± 30 ly
(104 ± 9 pc) |
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| Orbit | |
| **Period (P)** | 62.29 yr |
| **Semi-major axis (a)** | 0.2550″ |
| **Eccentricity (e)** | 0.67 |
| Details | |
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| **Luminosity** | 22.5 |
| **Temperature** | 7,246 |
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| Other designations | |
| CD-50° 10955, HD 153370, HIP 83321, HR 6312, SAO 244370. | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |


title: HD 153053

abstract: HD 153053 is double star in the southern constellation of Ara. The brighter component is an A-type main sequence star that may be evolving into a subgiant. It has a twelfth magnitude visual companion at an angular separation of 24.7″ along a position angle of 52°. Mostly likely the two are isolated stars that happen to lie near the same line of sight. This star displays an excess emission of infrared radiation, suggesting the presence of a disk of dusty debris. This disk is orbiting at a radius of 49 AU from the host star.

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# HD 153053

**HD 153053** is double star in the southern constellation of Ara. The brighter component is an A-type main sequence star that may be evolving into a subgiant. It has a twelfth magnitude visual companion at an angular separation of 24.7 along a position angle of 52°. Mostly likely the two are isolated stars that happen to lie near the same line of sight.

This star displays an excess emission of infrared radiation, suggesting the presence of a disk of dusty debris. This disk is orbiting at a radius of 49 AU from the host star.

## InfoBox

HD 153053
| Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000 | |
| --- | --- |
| Constellation | Ara |
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| Right ascension | 17h 00m 06.27939s |
| Declination | −54° 35 49.8371 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 5.65 |
| Characteristics | |
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| Spectral type | A5 IV-V |
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| U−B color index | 0.1 |
| B−V color index | +0.19 |
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| Astrometry | |
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| **Radial velocity (Rv)** | -20.2 km/s |
| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: -7.70 mas/yr
Dec.: -72.18 mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 19.30 ± 0.35 mas |
| **Distance** | 169 ± 3 ly
(51.8 ± 0.9 pc) |
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| Details | |
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| **Mass** | 1.8 |
| **Luminosity** | 12.3 |
| **Temperature** | 8,000 |
| **Rotational velocity (*v* sin *i*)** | 102.8±0.7 km/s |
| **Age** | 420 Myr |
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| Other designations | |
| CPD54° 7947, HD 153053, HIP 83187, HR 6297, SAO 244338. | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |