title: My Memoir

abstract: My Memoir is a 1938 memoir by Edith Wilson, a First Lady of the United States and the wife of Woodrow Wilson. She wrote the book as an apologia to defend her husband from perceived attacks, and to preserve his legacy. Critics generally considered the book to be "delightful" as a "collection of episodes", but especially those writing at publication predicted it would be of little historical value except for its account of Woodrow Wilson's stroke and last days in office. However it has been used by academic historians in the late 20th and early 21st centuries to examine a variety of topics related to Edith Wilson.

text:
# My Memoir

***My Memoir*** is a 1938 memoir by Edith Wilson, a First Lady of the United States and the wife of Woodrow Wilson. She wrote the book as an apologia to defend her husband from perceived attacks, and to preserve his legacy. Critics generally considered the book to be "delightful" as a "collection of episodes", but especially those writing at publication predicted it would be of little historical value except for its account of Woodrow Wilson's stroke and last days in office. However it has been used by academic historians in the late 20th and early 21st centuries to examine a variety of topics related to Edith Wilson.

## Background

Edith Wilson was the second wife of Woodrow Wilson, and First Lady of the United States from 1915 to 1921. She married the widower Wilson in December 1915, during his first term as president. Edith Wilson is notable for the influential role she played in President Wilson's administration following the severe stroke he suffered in October 1919. For the remainder of her husband's presidency, she managed the office of the president, a role she later described as a "stewardship", and determined which communications and matters of state were important enough to bring to the attention of the bedridden president.

## Publication

Wilson wrote the memoir and picked Woodrow's first biographer, Ray Stannard Baker, to create "a fortress around her husband's vulnerabilities and shortcomings and magnif\[y\] his achievements". Edith published *My Memoir* in 1938. It was published by Bobbs-Merrill Company. The book focuses on her time with Woodrow with several chapters of background on her life. In the foreword of the book, she wrote of an intent to reveal "the truth concerning personal matters which has often been distorted by the misinformed". Amy R. Slagell and Susan Zaeske, writing in *Inventing a Voice: The Rhetoric of American First Ladies of the Twentieth Century*, feel that the book had two purposes: to "garner credit for the strenuous work she \[Edith\] performed in her role as first lady" and to defend her husband's legacy in the face of perceived attacks from the likes of John Singer Sargent and Joseph P. Tumulty (whom she personally disliked). In the memoir, she emphasizes that her husband's doctors urged Edith to serve as "steward" of the presidency.

*My Memoir* was reprinted in 1993.

## Reception

A contemporary review in *The Virginia Quarterly Review* considered the book not "a document of historical importance" but "delightful" as a "collection of episodes". The reviewer felt the only real value of the book was its account of her husband's stroke and last days in office. A 1939 review published in *The Vancouver Sun* by David Robertson noted that Woodrow was the "central figure" in the memoir and felt that it "reveals the man" in a book of "rare delicacy". Robertson concluded that while the book would likely never be "accepted as historical documents are", it was "a fascinating and revealing love story" and "at its highest, it is valuable addition to one's knowledge" of Woodrow Wilson. Another review headlined that "Intimate Details Will Boost Sales of 'My Memoir'". *The New York Times* wrote that "A winning and credible Woodrow Wilson emerges from the grateful pages of *My Memoir*. That is its sole virtue, although much of it consists of incidental comment on other notables. . ." In *The American Historical Review*, Charles Callan Tansill wrote in 1940, "it is a pity that the ghost writer who assisted Mrs. Wilson in the preparation of this volume was apparently more concerned with sales than producing a book of permanent historical value." That said, in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, historians used *My Memoir* to examine topics like race in the Progressive Era and the policy influence of First Ladies, and to reevaluate the role of Wilson as a powerful political player in her own right.

In 2001, Bruce Clayton, writing in *The Atlanta Journal-Constitution*, described the memoir as a "self-serving apologia". Slagell and Zaeske conclude that although the book has "numerous inaccuracies due to the fact it was written two decades after the events it described and was highly romanticized, it remains the most revealing source we have about the closing days of the Wilson administration." It presents Edith in a very positive light yet also tied her importance directly to her husband, ending when he died in 1924. Phyllis Lee Levin attributes to Edith and her memoir the creation of a public opinion of that "mythologiz\[ed\] her husband's goals and reputation as ennobled prophet, warrior, and statesman."

## InfoBox

My Memoir
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Edith Bolling Wilson |
| Publisher | Bobbs-Merrill Company |
| Publication date | 1938 |
| Pages | 386 |
| Dewey Decimal | 973.91/3/092 B |


title: Myoleja mindanaoensis

abstract: Myoleja mindanaoensis is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Myoleja of the family Tephritidae.

text:
# Myoleja mindanaoensis

***Myoleja mindanaoensis*** is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus *Myoleja* of the family Tephritidae.

## InfoBox

| *Myoleja mindanaoensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Tephritidae |
| Genus: | *Myoleja* |
| Species: | ***M. mindanaoensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Myoleja mindanaoensis***<br>Hardy, 1974 | |
|


title: Myoleja reclusa

abstract: Myoleja reclusa is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Myoleja of the family Tephritidae.

text:
# Myoleja reclusa

***Myoleja reclusa*** is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus *Myoleja* of the family Tephritidae.

## InfoBox

| *Myoleja reclusa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Tephritidae |
| Genus: | *Myoleja* |
| Species: | ***M. reclusa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Myoleja reclusa***<br>Hardy, 1987 | |
|


title: Mycobacterium flavescens

abstract: Mycobacterium flavescens is a species of the phylum Actinomycetota, belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.

text:
# Mycobacterium flavescens

***Mycobacterium flavescens*** is a species of the phylum Actinomycetota (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus *Mycobacterium*.

## Etymology

Its name is derived from the Latin word "*flavescens*", which means "becoming golden yellow."

## Description

Gram-positive, nonmotile and acid-fast rods.

### Colony characteristics

### Physiology

* Slow growth on Löwenstein-Jensen medium at 25-37 °C, but not at 45 °C within 7–10 days.
* Although growth rate is intermediate, metabolic and physiologic properties are more like rapidly growing species.

### Differential characteristics

## Pathogenesis

Not associated with disease. Biosafety level 2.

## Type strain

* Normal human flora, environmental habitat.
* First isolated from a drug treated tuberculous guinea pig (Mexico).

Strain ATCC 14474 = CCUG 29041 = CIP 104533 = DSM 43991 = JCM 12274 = NCTC 10271 = NRRL B-4038.

* Bojalil et al. 1962. *Adansonian classification of mycobacteria. Journal of General Microbiology*, 28, 333–346.\]

## InfoBox

| *Mycobacterium flavescens* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Actinomycetota |
| Class: | Actinomycetia |
| Order: | Mycobacteriales |
| Family: | Mycobacteriaceae |
| Genus: | *Mycobacterium* |
| Species: | ***M. flavescens*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mycobacterium flavescens***<br>Bojalil et al. 1962, ATCC 14474 | |
|


title: Mycobacterium florentinum

abstract: Mycobacterium florentinum is a strain of bacteria found in humans that can cause infections and other disease conditions, and prolong sickness. It presents a high resistance to antimycobacterial drugs. It is characterized by: slow growth and a short helix 18 in the 16S rDNA. Etymology: florentinum, of the Italian city of Florence, where the majority of the strains were collected and investigated.

text:
# Mycobacterium florentinum

***Mycobacterium florentinum*** is a strain of bacteria found in humans that can cause infections and other disease conditions, and prolong sickness. It presents a high resistance to antimycobacterial drugs. It is characterized by: slow growth and a short helix 18 in the 16S rDNA.

Etymology: florentinum, of the Italian city of Florence, where the majority of the strains were collected and investigated.

## Type strain

First isolated and characterized in Florence, Italy. Strain FI-93171 = CCUG 50992 = CIP 108409 = DSM 44852

* **Tortoli et al.**. 2005. Mycobacterium florentinum sp. nov., isolated from humans. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 55, 1101–1106. PMID 15879240

## InfoBox

| *Mycobacterium florentinum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Actinomycetota |
| Class: | Actinomycetia |
| Order: | Mycobacteriales |
| Family: | Mycobacteriaceae |
| Genus: | *Mycobacterium* |
| Species: | ***M. florentinum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mycobacterium florentinum***<br>Tortoli et al. 2005, DSM 44852 | |
|


title: Myelomalacia

abstract: Myelomalacia is a pathological term referring to the softening of the spinal cord. Possible causes of myelomalacia include cervical myelopathy, hemorrhagic infarction, or acute injury, such as that caused by intervertebral disc extrusion. In advanced stages, this disorder causes flaccid paraplegia, total areflexia of the pelvic limbs and anus, loss of deep pain perception caudal to the site of spinal cord injury, muscular atrophy, depressed mental state, and respiratory difficulty due to intercostal and diaphragmatic paralysis. Gradual cranial migration of the neurological deficits, is known as ascending syndrome and is said to be a typical feature of diffuse myelomalacia. Although clinical signs of myelomalacia are observed within the onset (start) of paraplegia, sometimes they may become evident only in the post-operative period, or even days after the onset of paraplegia. Death from myelomalacia may occur as a result of respiratory paralysis when the ascending lesion reaches the motor nuclei of the phrenic nerves in the cervical (neck) region.

text:
# Myelomalacia

**Myelomalacia** is a pathological term referring to the softening of the spinal cord. Possible causes of myelomalacia include cervical myelopathy, hemorrhagic infarction, or acute injury, such as that caused by intervertebral disc extrusion.

In advanced stages, this disorder causes flaccid paraplegia (impairment of motor function in lower extremities), total areflexia (below normal or absence of reflexes) of the pelvic limbs and anus, loss of deep pain perception caudal (toward the coccyx, or tail) to the site of spinal cord injury, muscular atrophy (wasting away of muscle tissue), depressed mental state, and respiratory difficulty due to intercostal (muscles that run between the ribs) and diaphragmatic paralysis. Gradual cranial migration of the neurological deficits (problems relating to the nervous system), is known as ascending syndrome and is said to be a typical feature of diffuse myelomalacia. Although clinical signs of myelomalacia are observed within the onset (start) of paraplegia, sometimes they may become evident only in the post-operative period, or even days after the onset of paraplegia. Death from myelomalacia may occur as a result of respiratory paralysis when the ascending lesion (abnormal damaged tissue) reaches the motor nuclei of the phrenic nerves (nerves between the C3-C5 region of the spine) in the cervical (neck) region.

## Classification

Myelomalacia affects the neurological functions in the spinal cord. Once breached, the ramification of the damage directly affects the motor functions of the body. Because the central nervous system is affected, the condition is classified under the neurological field of study.

### Spinal cord injury

When myelomalacia occurs, the damage done to the spinal cord may range from minimal to extensive. The spinal cord and the brain work together, making them the key components of the central nervous system. Damage to this system affects specific functions of the body, primarily relating to the function of muscles. The areas most commonly injured include the cervical vertebrae (C1-C7), and the lumbar spine (L1-L5).

## Symptoms

Depending on the extent of the spinal cord injury, the symptoms may vary. Though every case is different, several cases reported loss of motor functions in the extremities, areflexia or sudden jerks of the limbs, loss of pain perception, or even paralysis; all of which are possible indicators of a damaged and softened spinal cord. In the most severe cases, paralysis of the respiratory system manifests in death.

## Cause

The most common way the disorder occurs is from a result of hemorrhaging (bleeding within) or inadequate blood supply to the spinal cord, making it weak and susceptible to damage.

Because myelomalacia involves a damaged spinal cord, it may occur in any individual. Those most at risk are the geriatric population due to weaker bone density. Once the spinal injury has occurred, one of two things may happen. Firstly, hemorrhaging within the spinal cord may cause compression, which damages the spinal cord even further. Another consequence of myelomalacia is improper circulation of blood to the area damaged, resulting in further damage to the spinal cord.

### Athletes

Due to extensive physical contact and activity, many athletes become victim to myelomalacia. Any accidents or injuries attained during athletic competition to the spinal cord may result in myelomalacia. Accounts of awkward landing on the ground or being hit intensively have attested to spinal cord injury.

### Geriatric

With the growth in the elderly population of humans, there has been a rise to myelomalacia. Because the human body begins to deteriorate with age, and because human population is living many years longer, there has been a growth in cases of myelomalacia. As the bones in the body begin to weaken in a process known as osteopenia, the body is more vulnerable to damage. A simple fall may damage the spinal cord and myelomalacia may soon ensue.

## Diagnosing

There are two tests that can provide a definite diagnosis of myelomalacia; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or myelography. Diffuse hyperintensity on T2-weighted imaging, and hypointensity on T1-weighted imaging of the spinal cord can be an indication of the onset or progression of myelomalacia

## Treatment

There is no known treatment to reverse nerve damage due to myelomalacia. In some cases, surgery to alleviate the injury to the area may slow or stop further damage. As motor function degenerates, muscle spasticity and atrophy may occur. Medications such as NSAIDs and gabapentinoids may be prescribed to reduce swelling of the spinal cord, pain, and spasticity.

Research is underway to consider the potential of stem cells for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. There are, however, no approved stem cell therapies for myelomalacia.

## InfoBox

| Myelomalacia | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| MRI image shows spinal bleeding (myelomalacia). | |


title: Myrmekite

abstract: Myrmekite is a vermicular, or wormy, intergrowth of quartz in plagioclase. The intergrowths are microscopic in scale, typically with maximum dimensions less than 1 millimeter. The plagioclase is sodium-rich, usually albite or oligoclase. These quartz-plagioclase intergrowths are associated with and commonly in contact with potassium feldspar. Myrmekite is formed under metasomatic conditions, usually in conjunction with tectonic deformations. It has to be clearly separated from micrographic and granophyric intergrowths, which are magmatic.

text:
# Myrmekite

**Myrmekite** is a vermicular, or wormy, intergrowth of quartz in plagioclase. The intergrowths are microscopic in scale, typically with maximum dimensions less than 1 millimeter. The plagioclase is sodium-rich, usually albite or oligoclase. These quartz-plagioclase intergrowths are associated with and commonly in contact with potassium feldspar. Myrmekite is formed under metasomatic conditions, usually in conjunction with tectonic deformations. It has to be clearly separated from micrographic and granophyric intergrowths, which are magmatic.

## Etymology

The word myrmekite is derived from the Ancient Greek *μὑρμηχἰα* (wart) or *μὑρμηξ* (ant) and was used by Jakob Sederholm in 1899 for the first time to describe these structures.

## Myrmekite formed during K-metasomatism

During K-metasomatism of plagioclase several different types of myrmekite can appear:

* *rim myrmekite*
* *wartlike myrmekite*
* *ghost myrmekite*

### Rim myrmekite

This is the initial stage of -metasomatism in cataclastically-deformed magmatic plutonic rocks. The breakage happens primarily along grain boundary seals and the K-metasomatism may locally replace rims of zoned plagioclase crystals to form interstitial alkali feldspar and *rim myrmekite* (see illustration).

### Wartlike myrmekite

When tectonic strains increase and the cataclasis becomes more intense interior breakage in the crystals ensues and albite-twinned plagioclase crystals are bent. The K-metasomatism therefore can reach deeper into the crystals and increase its effects. Nearly complete to complete replacement of plagioclase takes place and leads to the formation of *wartlike myrmekite* in places where the replacement was incomplete. The illustration shows tartan-twinned microcline having completely replaced plagioclase. The places with incomplete replacement are taken up by wartlike myrmekite.

Gradations occur from rocks containing exclusively rim myrmekite to those containing both rim myrmekite and wartlike myrmekite and finally to those containing exclusively wartlike myrmekite.

A very important observation is that the maximum coarseness (tubular diameter) of the quartz vermicules shows a strong correlation with the Ca content of the plagioclase in the original, unreplaced, non-myrmekite-bearing magmatic rock. The coarsest vermicules occur in the metasomatized rock where the original plagioclase was the most calcic.

An example for the formation of wartlike myrmekite can be found at the Twentynine Palms, California quartz monzonite which issued from an older, yet undated diorite.

### Ghost myrmekite

This is the third type of quartz-feldspar intergrowth in metasomatic granitoids. Again this process depends on tectonically deformed crystals. In this particular case an irregular subtraction of Ca, Na and Al from deformed plagioclase happens which causes an imbalance in the relative amounts of residual Al and Si. More Si remains than can fit into the lattice structure of the alkali feldspar that replaces the plagioclase. The result is *ghost myrmekite* – either as tiny quartz ovoids in remnant albite islands in the alkali feldspar or as tiny quartz ovoids as clusters without albite hosts in the alkali feldspar (see illustration).

Examples for this structure are found in California in the Mount Rubidoux leucogranite and in granodiorites in the Sierra Nevada.

## Myrmekite formed during Ca-metasomatism

During Ca- metasomatism myrmekite can be formed under different circumstances:

* Ca-metasomatism of deformed K-feldspar in magmatic rocks
* Ca-metasomatism of deformed K-feldspar in charnockites
* Ca-metasomatism of deformed plagioclase in anorthosites

### Ca-metasomatism of deformed K-feldspar in magmatic rocks

Here Ca-bearing fluids enter primary alkali feldspar through cracks and react with the alkali feldspar. Through this reaction cracks are filled with quartz and myrmekite. The replacement reactions can affect large portions (\> 60%) of the primary alkali feldspar. An important distinctive feature of this type of myrmekite formation is the constant thickness of the vermicules, whereas in the K-metasomatism their thickness changes as a function of the Ca-content of the plagioclase and they also taper towards the alkali feldspar.

An example for this type of Ca-metasomatism is found in a megacrystal granite near Alastaro in Finland.

### Ca-metasomatism of deformed K-feldspar in charnockites

The process stays the same, the only difference being the country rocks the Ca-bearing fluids act upon. Charnockites distinguish themselves from ordinary granitoids by the appearance of orthopyroxene (hypersthene) and can also be of metamorphic origin.

An example for this type of Ca-metasomatism is found in Sri Lanka.

### Ca-metasomatism of deformed plagioclase in anorthosites

In this type of Ca-metasomatism instead of the alkali feldspar it is the ubiquitous plagioclase that gets attacked by the Ca-bearing fluids. The resulting myrmekite also shows vermicules with constant thickness but unlike in the first case the vermicules formed in anorthosites can taper locally to the primary, non-quartz-bearing plagioclase. This behaviour can be explained by the incorporation of Na demanding more silica in the feldspar lattice.

Examples are found in layered igneous complexes.

## Myrmekite formed during Na-Ca-metasomatism

A first variety of this type of metasomatism affects only enclaves within a granitoid. Here the influx of Na-rich fluids in the temperature range 450 °C to 650 °C from the host leads to the replacement of alkali feldspar by myrmekite within the enclaves. During this process a reequilibration with the Na-poorer feldspars (plagioclase) in the enclaves takes place. As a consequence Ca gets released in plagioclase which in turn can now react upon K-feldspar to form myrmekite. Basically this process is very similar to the Ca-metasomatism on K-feldspar described above except for the Na-fluids acting as a trigger.

An example is the Velay granite in the northeastern Massif Central in France.

In the second variety Na- and Ca-bearing fluids truly act together. This leads via the replacement of primary K-feldspar (perthitic and non-perthitic microcline) to the formation of plagioclase (albite or oligoclase) and in certain places also to the formation of myrmekite. The myrmekite does not show wartlike tapering vermicules, but vermicules that are nearly constant in size because the host plagioclase containing the quartz vermicules has nearly a constant Na/Ca composition. These vermicules are confined and scattered entirely within the interior of the plagioclase forming irregular spindles, arcuate patterns and ovals.

For this process to operate it is important that Ca is sufficiently present so that a fairly calcic plagioclase can be formed which in turn releases enough silica for the myrmekite vermicules. If only Na is present then no myrmekite will form.

An example can be found in the Lyon Mountain granite gneiss north of Ausable Forks in New York.

## Myrmekite formed during progressive deformation

During progressive deformation in mylonitic, ductile shear zones myrmekite is commonly concentrated in shortening quarters in the rim of sigmoidal K-feldspar crystals. Simpson and Wintsch (1989) explain the asymmetric distribution of myrmekite by a preferential proceeding of the K-feldspar breakdown reaction at sites of high differential stress (stress-concentration sites) during retrograde metamorphism. Internally the arrangement of the quartz vermicules in the myrmekites also shows a monoclinic symmetry, which independently can serve as an internal shear sense indicator. Asymmetric myrmekite is therefore a quarter structure.

Yet Lorence G. Collins does not agree with the assumption of the K-feldspar being primary magmatic and the myrmekite being formed due to deformation-induced Na-Ca-metasomatism. His sampling beyond the shear zone revealed an undeformed, felsic biotite diorite whose primary plagioclase was being replaced from the inside out by K-feldspar due to K-metasomatism. The deformations were therefore more or less continuous and had not only affected the shear zone but also the older plutonic country rocks, thence bringing about a metasomatic change in mineralogy.

## Occurrence

Myrmekite can appear in many different rock types and different geologic settings. Typically it occurs in granites and similar igneous rocks (granitoids, diorites, gabbros) and in metamorphic gneisses similar to granite in composition. It can also occur in mylonites, in anorthosites and the orthopyroxene-bearing charnockites.

## Formation

These characteristic intergrowths have been explained in a variety of ways:

* One explanation is Castle & Lindsley's exsolution silica-pump model. Accordingly, the texture was created as plagioclase formed by exsolution from alkali feldspar during cooling, under conditions in which silicon was mobile in the rock. The process does not require that magma be present during myrmekite formation.
* L.G. Collins explains the formation of myrmekite by:
    + the K-metasomatic replacement of deformed primary plagioclase by secondary K-feldspar
    + different varieties of Ca- and Na-Ca-metasomatism acting mainly upon deformed primary alkali feldspar, an exception being the replacement of deformed plagioclase in anorthosite.

1. Perchuk, L. L., Gerya, T. V., and Korsman, K., 1994, A model for charnockitization of gneissic complexes: Petrology, v. 2, p. 395-423.
2. Iskandar Taib, L. R., and Brown, G. M., 1967, Layered Igneous Rocks. San Francisco, Freeman and Company, 588 p. ISBN 978-0-05-001763-0
3. Garcia, D., Pascal, M-L., and Roux, J., 1996, Hydrothermal replacement of feldspars in igneous enclaves of the Velay granite and the genesis of myrmekite: European Journal of Mineralogy, v. 8, p. 703-711.
4. Simpson, C. and Wintsch, R. P., 1989, Evidence for deformation-induced K-feldspar replacement by myrmekite: J. Metam. Geol., v. 7, p. 261-275.
5. Shelley, D., 1993, Igneous and metamorphic rocks under the microscope: Chapman and Hall, London.
6. Castle, R. O., and Lindsley, D. H., 1993, An exsolution silica-pump model for the origin of myrmekite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 115, pages 58-65.
7. Collins, L.G. (1996). Replacement of primary plagioclase by secondary K-feldspar and myrmekite Archived 2009-07-05 at the Wayback Machine


title: Mwanzange

abstract: Mwanzange is an administrative ward in Tanga City Council of Tanga Region in Tanzania. The ward's northern boundaries are formed by Nguvumali and Chumbageni. Majengo and Msambweni border the ward on its eastern side. Duga ward and Tangasisi are to the south. Maweni is in the west. Tanga Airport is located entirely within Mwanzage's borders. The ward covers an area of 7.6 km⁲ (2.9 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 21 m (69 ft). According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 7,521.

text:
# Mwanzange

**Mwanzange** (*Kata ya Mwanzange* , in Swahili) is an administrative ward in Tanga City Council of Tanga Region in Tanzania. The ward's northern boundaries are formed by Nguvumali and Chumbageni. Majengo and Msambweni border the ward on its eastern side. Duga ward and Tangasisi are to the south. Maweni is in the west. Tanga Airport is located entirely within Mwanzage's borders. The ward covers an area of 7.6 km2 (2.9 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 21 m (69 ft). According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 7,521.

## Administration

The postal code for **Mwanzange** Ward is 21113. The ward is divided into the following neighborhoods (*Mitaa*):

### Government

The ward, like every other ward in the country, has local government offices based on the population served.***The Mwanzange Ward*** administration building houses a court as per the Ward Tribunal Act of 1988, including other vital departments for the administration the ward. The ward has the following administration offices:

* Mwanzange Police Station
* Mwanzange Government Office (*Afisa Mtendaji*)
* Mwanzange Tribunal (*Baraza La Kata*) is a Department inside Ward Government Office

In the local government system of Tanzania, the ward is the smallest democratic unit. Each ward is composed of a committee of eight elected council members which include a chairperson, one salaried officer (with no voting rights), and an executive officer. One-third of seats are reserved for women councillors.

## Demographics

Like much of the district, the ward is the ancestral home of the Digo people and Segeju.

## Education and health

### Education

The ward is home to these educational institutions:

* Mwanzange Primary School
* Toledo Secondary School

### Healthcare

The ward is home to the following health institutions:

* Mwanzange Health Center

## InfoBox

| Mwanzange *Kata ya Mwanzange* (Swahili) | |
| --- | --- |
| Ward of Tanga City Council | |
| **From top to bottom:**
Tanga Airport located in Mwanzange ward | |
| Nickname: Tanga's airport | |
| Coordinates: 5°5′39.84″S 39°4′36.84″E / 5.0944000°S 39.0769000°E / -5.0944000; 39.0769000 | |
| Country | Tanzania |
| Region | Tanga Region |
| District | Tanga City Council |
| Area | |
| Total | 7.6 km2 (2.9 sq mi) |
| Population (2012) | |
| Total | 7,521 |
| Ethnic groups | |
| Settler | Swahili |
| Ancestral | Digo & Segeju |
| Tanzanian Postal Code | 21113 |


title: Mystery (lugger)

abstract: Mystery was a Mount's Bay lugger which made a voyage to Australia in 1854/55. Her passage to Cape Town was so fast that she was commissioned to take mail from there to Australia.

text:
# Mystery (lugger)

***Mystery*** was a Mount's Bay lugger which made a voyage to Australia in 1854/55. Her passage to Cape Town was so fast that she was commissioned to take mail from there to Australia.

## History

*Mystery* was a Mount's Bay lugger used for fishing inshore waters. In 1854, seven Cornishmen decided to try their luck in finding gold in Australia. As they were all shareholders in the boat, it was suggested that *Mystery* be sold to cover their passage to Australia, but the captain, Richard Nicholls said that he would take them to Australia in *Mystery*.

The boat was prepared for the long sea voyage by covering the hull in zinc, and adding decking fore and aft. They left Newlyn or Penzance (sources vary) on 18 November 1854, passing Madeira on 25 November and San Antonio on 3 December. After this, *Mystery* encountered some bad weather, and her jib split. The Equator was crossed on 15 December. Trinidad was passed on 23 December and on 26 December communication was made with the brig *Callao*, which was bound for Liverpool. A letter was entrusted to her captain giving details of their journey so far. The Cape of Good Hope was sighted on 17 January, and Cape Town was reached the next day, after a journey of 60 days. The Harbour Master thought that *Mystery* was a local boat and did not board her until the crew beached the boat with ease.

Five days were spent at Cape Town repairing *Mystery* and replenishing supplies. They had made such good time to Cape Town that the Royal Mail commissioned them to take post on to Australia. For the first few days out of Cape Town the weather was bad, but *Mystery* was unscathed. Further gales were encountered on 18 and 23 February and 3 March. Cape Northumberland was sighted on 9 March and *Mystery* reached Melbourne on 14 March 1855 after a journey of 11,800 nautical miles (21,900 km). *Mystery* remained in Australia, where she was used as a pilot cutter. On 26 March 1869, she was wrecked in Keppel Bay, Rockhampton, Queensland. All crew were saved.

## Crew

The crew who made the voyage were Richard Badcock, William Badcock, Charles Boase, Job Kelynack, Lewis Lewis, Philip Curnow Matthews and Richard Nicholls (captain). Two of the crew, Lewis and Matthews settled in Australia. The other five returned home.

## Replica

In 2008, yachtsman Pete Goss commissioned Cornish boat designer and builder Chris Rees to build a replica of the *Mystery* with the intention of recreating the journey. The replica is named *Spirit of Mystery*. The *Spirit of Mystery* sailed from Newlyn on 20 October 2008. She arrived in Cape Town on 25 December 2008. *Spirit of Mystery* arrived in Melbourne on 9 March 2009.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United Kingdom, New South Wales | |
| Name | *Mystery* |
| Port of registry | * Newyln ( -1855) * Melbourne (1855-69) |
| Identification | PE 233 |
| Fate | Wrecked 26 March 1869 |
| Notes | Made voyage between Cornwall and Melbourne 1854 - 1855 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tons burthen | 16 tons |
| Length | 37 ft (11.28 m) |
| Beam | 11 ft 6 in (3.51 m) |
| Propulsion | Sails |
| Sail plan | Lugger |
| Complement | 7 |


title: Myrmidonistis

abstract: Myrmidonistis is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by Edward Meyrick in 1887. It contains only one species, Myrmidonistis hoplora, described in the same article, which is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland. The wingspan is about 23 mm. The forewings are greenish grey, irrorated (sprinkled) with white. There is a white costal streak, margined beneath with fuscous reddish. The remaining lines are very obscure, narrow and white. The hindwings have the same colour and mostly the same markings as the forewings.

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# Myrmidonistis

***Myrmidonistis*** is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by Edward Meyrick in 1887. It contains only one species, ***Myrmidonistis hoplora***, described in the same article, which is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.

The wingspan is about 23 mm. The forewings are greenish grey, irrorated (sprinkled) with white. There is a white costal streak, margined beneath with fuscous reddish. The remaining lines are very obscure, narrow and white. The hindwings have the same colour and mostly the same markings as the forewings.

## InfoBox

| *Myrmidonistis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Subfamily: | Spilomelinae |
| Genus: | *Myrmidonistis*
Meyrick, 1887 |
| Species: | ***M. hoplora*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Myrmidonistis hoplora***
Meyrick, 1887 | |
|


title: Myrothecium verrucaria

abstract: Myrothecium verrucaria is a species of fungus in the order Hypocreales. A plant pathogen, it is common throughout the world, often found on materials such as paper, textiles, canvas and cotton. It is a highly potent cellulose decomposer. It has been formulated into a biopesticide for control of nematodes and weeds. The pesticide's active ingredient is a mixture of the killed fungus, M. verrucaria, and the liquid in which the fungus was grown. The dead fungus kills specific parasitic microscopic pests called nematodes, which attack plants, usually through their roots. The active ingredient is specific, being effective only against nematodes that parasitize plants; it does not harm free-living nematodes. Because the mixture may be toxic to aquatic organisms, it is not approved for use in or near bodies of water. Since 1998, the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (ARS) has experimented with using M.  verrucaria as a biologically based herbicide against kudzu vines. A spray based on M. verrucaria works under a variety of conditions, causes minimal injury to many of the other woody plants in kudzu-infested habitats, and takes effect fast enough that kudzu treated with it in the morning starts showing evidence of damage by mid-afternoon. Initial formulations of the herbicide produced toxic levels of trichothecene as a byproduct, though the ARS discovered that growing M. verrucaria in a fermenter on a liquid instead of a solid diet limited or eliminated the problem.

text:
# Myrothecium verrucaria

***Myrothecium verrucaria*** is a species of fungus in the order Hypocreales. A plant pathogen, it is common throughout the world, often found on materials such as paper, textiles, canvas and cotton. It is a highly potent cellulose decomposer.

It has been formulated into a biopesticide for control of nematodes and weeds. The pesticide's active ingredient is a mixture of the killed fungus, *M. verrucaria*, and the liquid in which the fungus was grown. The dead fungus kills specific parasitic microscopic pests called nematodes, which attack plants, usually through their roots. The active ingredient is specific, being effective only against nematodes that parasitize plants; it does not harm free-living nematodes. Because the mixture may be toxic to aquatic organisms, it is not approved for use in or near bodies of water.

Since 1998, the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (ARS) has experimented with using *M.  verrucaria* as a biologically based herbicide against kudzu vines. A spray based on *M. verrucaria* works under a variety of conditions (including the absence of dew), causes minimal injury to many of the other woody plants in kudzu-infested habitats, and takes effect fast enough that kudzu treated with it in the morning starts showing evidence of damage by mid-afternoon. Initial formulations of the herbicide produced toxic levels of trichothecene as a byproduct, though the ARS discovered that growing *M. verrucaria* in a fermenter on a liquid instead of a solid diet limited or eliminated the problem.

## InfoBox

| *Myrothecium verrucaria* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Sordariomycetes |
| Order: | Hypocreales |
| Family: | Stachybotryaceae |
| Genus: | *Myrothecium* |
| Species: | ***M. verrucaria*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Myrothecium verrucaria***<br>(Alb. & Schwein.) Ditmar (1813) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: My Dear (British horse)

abstract: My Dear was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. In 1917 she showed top-class form, winning both her races including the prestigious Dewhurst Stakes. In the following year she finished second in the 1000 Guineas and was then awarded the New Oak Stakes on the disqualification of Stony Ford. She went on to win the Champion Stakes, Lowther Stakes and Liverpool Autumn Cup as well as finishing second in the wartime substitute St Leger. She was not a great success as a broodmare but did produce at least two winners before her death in 1933.

text:
# My Dear (British horse)

**My Dear** (1915  1933) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. In 1917 she showed top-class form, winning both her races including the prestigious Dewhurst Stakes. In the following year she finished second in the 1000 Guineas and was then awarded the New Oak Stakes on the disqualification of Stony Ford. She went on to win the Champion Stakes, Lowther Stakes and Liverpool Autumn Cup as well as finishing second in the wartime substitute St Leger. She was not a great success as a broodmare but did produce at least two winners before her death in 1933.

## Background

My Dear was a bay mare bred in England by her owner Alfred W. Cox who raced his horses under the name of "Mr Fairie". The filly was sent into training with by Alec Taylor, Jr. at Manton, Wiltshire. She was ridden to her biggest successes by Steve Donoghue.

She was sired by Beppo, a male-line descendant of the Godolphin Arabian, who won the Jockey Club Stakes and Hardwicke Stakes as well as finishing third in the 1906 running of the St Leger. As a breeding stallion, the best of his other offspring were Picaroon and the Ascot Gold Cup winner Aleppo. My Dear's dam Silesia was a daughter of the outstanding broodmare Galicia, making her a half-sister to both Bayardo and Lemberg.

My Dear's racing career took place during World War I. Many racecourses were closed for the duration of the conflict and all five of traditional British Classic Races were run at Newmarket.

## Racing career

### 1917: two-year-old season

My Dear was one of the best juvenile fillies of 1917 in England. She began her career with a "stylish" victory in the Banham Plate. In the autumn she started at odds of 11/10 and "romped home" from male opposition to win the Dewhurst Stakes over seven furlongs at Newmarket.

### 1918: three-year-old season

The 1918 edition of the 1000 Guineas on 1 May attracted eight runners but the only serious contenders appeared to be My Dear and the Middle Park Stakes winner Benevente, who was slightly preferred in the betting. My Dear tracked her rival before going to the front at half way but was then overtaken by Lord Derby's Ferry a 50/1 outsider and finished second, beaten two lengths.

Ferry and Benevente were again in opposition when My Dear started 3/1 favourite for the 140th running of the Oaks Stakes (officially the *New Oaks Stakes*) at Newmarket on 6 June, with the best of the other runners appearing to be Zinovia, Stony Ford and White Squall. Entering the last half mile Stony Ford led from My Dear with the pair several lengths clear of their rivals. When her jockey began to use his whip, Stony Ford veered sharply across the track, bumping the favourite who lost three lengths as a result. My Dear rallied strongly but was hampered for a second time as Stony Ford hung badly to the right in the closing stages. Stony Ford finished a length in front but Donoghue immediately lodged an objection and there was little surprise when the racecourse stewards disqualified the winner and awarded the race to My Dear. Ferry and Silver Bullet, who had dead-heated for third, were promoted to joint-second place.

My Dear returned for a successful autumn campaign. In September at Newmarket, she finished second to her stablemate Gainsborough, winner of the 2000 Guineas and Derby in the September Stakes, a wartime substitute for the St Leger. At the same track on 15 October she started 11/10 favourite for the Champion Stakes over ten furlongs and won "easily" from the Derby runner-up Dansellon, with Diadem in third place. Later at the same meeting she won the Lowther Stakes (not the current race of the same name) over fourteen furlongs. Before the end of the season she added a victory in the Autumn Cup at Liverpool.

## Assessment and honours

In their book, *A Century of Champions*, based on the Timeform rating system, John Randall and Tony Morris rated My Dear an "average" winner of the Oaks and the best three-year-old filly of 1918 in Britain.

## Breeding record

My Dear was retired from racing to become a broodmare. She produced at least two winners:

* Caravel, a bay colt, foaled in 1921, sired by Cicero. Won six races.
* Hartford, bay colt, 1925, by Swynford. Winner.

My Dear died in 1933 at the age of 18.

## Pedigree

Pedigree of My Dear (GB), bay mare, 1915
| Sire
Beppo (GB)
1906 | Marco
1892 | Barcaldine | Solon |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Ballyroe |
| | Novitiate | Hermit |
| | Retty |
| | Pitti
1898 | St Frusquin | St Simon |
| | | Isabel |
| | Florence | Wisdom |
| | Enigma |
| Dam
Silesia (GB)
1909 | Spearmint
1903 | Carbine | Sterling |
| | | Mersey |
| | Maid of the Mint | Minting |
| | Warble |
| | Galicia
1898 | Galopin | Vedette |
| | | Flying Duchess |
| | Isoletta | Isonomy |
| | Lady Muncaster (Family: 10-a) |

## InfoBox

| My Dear | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Sire | Beppo |
| Grandsire | Marco |
| Dam | Silesia |
| Damsire | Spearmint |
| Sex | Mare |
| Foaled | 1915 |
| Country | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland |
| Colour | Bay |
| Breeder | Alfred W. Cox |
| Owner | Alfred W. Cox |
| Trainer | Alec Taylor, Jr. |
| Record | 8: 6–2–0 (incomplete) |
| Major wins | |
| Dewhurst Stakes (1917)
Oaks Stakes (1918)
Champion Stakes (1918)
Lowther Stakes (1918)
Liverpool Autumn Cup (1918) | |


title: Mystic Theatre (Petaluma, California)

abstract: Mystic Theatre, also known as McNear's Mystic Theatre, is a historic building and music venue built in 1911, and located in Petaluma, California. The McNear's Saloon and Dining House is housed next door in an adjoined building. The building is part of the Petaluma Historic Commercial District, which has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since March 31, 1995.

text:
# Mystic Theatre (Petaluma, California)

**Mystic Theatre**, also known as **McNear's Mystic Theatre**, is a historic building and music venue built in 1911, and located in Petaluma, California. The McNear's Saloon and Dining House is housed next door in an adjoined building.

The building is part of the Petaluma Historic Commercial District, which has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since March 31, 1995.

## History

The building was built in 1911 and started as a vaudeville theater. Sometimes it was called the "1911 McNear Building" due to the building signage, it is adjoined to the "1886 McNear's Building", which as the name suggests was built in 1886. Both buildings were named after Petaluma pioneer, John Augustus McNear (1832–1918). Starting in the 1920s, the space served as a movie theater and went by many names including the State Theater, the Plaza Theater, and the Palace Theater.

On July 19, 1992, the venue opened as the Mystic Theatre with the first show, Arc Angels. Notable performers and bands that have played here include Van Morrison, Train, Iris DeMent, Stephen Marley, Warren Zevon, Carlos Santana, and Snoop Dogg. The band Train book one of their earliest shows at this venue (in the late 1990s).

Historical images of this building and neighboring buildings can be found in the Sonoma County Library Photograph Collection.

## InfoBox

Mystic Theatre
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Former names | 1911 McNear Building,
State Theater,
Plaza Theater,
Palace Theater,
Mystic Theater,
McNears Mystic Theatre |
| Address | 23 Petaluma Boulevard North, Petaluma, California, U.S. |
| Coordinates | 38°14′03″N 122°38′24″W / 38.234104°N 122.640120°W / 38.234104; -122.640120 |
| Type | Music venue |
| Construction | |
| Built | 1911 |
| Opened | July 19, 1992 (1992-07-19) |
| Website | |
| Official website | |


title: Mystic Theatre (Marmarth, North Dakota)

abstract: Mystic Theatre is a historic theatre in Marmarth in Slope County, North Dakota. It was built in 1914 and has also been known as Marmarth Theatre. The theatre was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. It is a 26-by-76-foot frame building, stuccoed, with 187 seats. It was unusual for its time, as it was specifically designed for showing "motion pictures". It was a project of professional baseball player Guy Johnson (1891-1971), who moved to Marmarth and built the theatre in 1914. It opened April 22, 1914 and was packed.

text:
# Mystic Theatre (Marmarth, North Dakota)

**Mystic Theatre** is a historic theatre in Marmarth in Slope County, North Dakota. It was built in 1914 and has also been known as **Marmarth Theatre**. The theatre was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

It is a 26-by-76-foot (7.9 m × 23.2 m) frame building, stuccoed, with 187 seats.

It was unusual for its time, as it was specifically designed for showing "motion pictures". It was a project of professional baseball player Guy Johnson (1891-1971), who moved to Marmarth and built the theatre in 1914. It opened April 22, 1914 and was packed.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Mystic Theatre | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Main St., Marmarth, North Dakota |
| Coordinates | 46°17′49″N 103°55′29″W / 46.29694°N 103.92472°W / 46.29694; -103.92472 |
| Built | 1914 |
| NRHP reference No. | 77001029 |
| Added to NRHP | September 13, 1977 |


title: Mystery Broadcast

abstract: Mystery Broadcast is a 1943 American mystery film directed by George Sherman and written by Dane Lussier and Gertrude Walker. The film stars Frank Albertson, Ruth Terry, Nils Asther, Wynne Gibson, Paul Harvey, and Mary Treen. The film was released on November 23, 1943, by Republic Pictures.

text:
# Mystery Broadcast

***Mystery Broadcast*** is a 1943 American mystery film directed by George Sherman and written by Dane Lussier and Gertrude Walker. The film stars Frank Albertson, Ruth Terry, Nils Asther, Wynne Gibson, Paul Harvey, and Mary Treen. The film was released on November 23, 1943, by Republic Pictures.

## Plot

An old murder case intrigues a couple radio detectives and a sound man. They interview some of the people involved in the case, but soon find their primary suspect dead. They attempt to solve the mystery.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Mystery Broadcast | |
| --- | --- |
| Lobby card | |
| Directed by | George Sherman |
| Screenplay by | Dane Lussier
Gertrude Walker |
| Produced by | George Sherman |
| Starring | Frank Albertson
Ruth Terry
Nils Asther
Wynne Gibson
Paul Harvey
Mary Treen |
| Cinematography | William Bradford |
| Edited by | Arthur Roberts |
| Music by | Mort Glickman |
| Production
company | Republic Pictures |
| Distributed by | Republic Pictures |
| Release date | * November 23, 1943 (1943-11-23) |
| Running time | 63 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Mystery (newspaper)

abstract: The Mystery was a Pennsylvanian African American newspaper founded in 1843 by Martin Delany, a black activist and physician. It was a paper centered on the abolitionist movement, and attempted to foster feelings of pride in black life and culture, including black spiritual life. Delany left the paper in 1847 to work at another African American newspaper, the North Star. The paper either died that year, or it was purchased by the African Methodist Episcopal Church. If it was purchased, it survives today as the Christian Recorder.

text:
# Mystery (newspaper)

The ***Mystery*** (or the ***Pittsburgh Mystery***) was a Pennsylvanian African American newspaper founded in 1843 by Martin Delany, a black activist and physician. It was a paper centered on the abolitionist movement, and attempted to foster feelings of pride in black life and culture, including black spiritual life. Delany left the paper in 1847 to work at another African American newspaper, the *North Star*. The paper either died that year, or it was purchased by the African Methodist Episcopal Church. If it was purchased, it survives today as the *Christian Recorder*.

## Publication

The *Mystery* (also known as the *Pittsburgh Mystery*) was founded in 1843 in Pittsburgh by Martin Delany, a black activist and physician, two years after a conference for free people of color in the city. He was the editor and principal contributor to all of its issues, which were printed with a Biblical quotation: "And Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians". The title was a reference to its mission of, as historian Tunde Adeleke says, "enlighten\[ing\] blacks on the 'mystery' of their condition—i.e., means of elevation".

The paper was made of four pages, and its main focus was abolitionism (the eradication of slavery) and the celebration of black life and culture, including black spiritual life. It included news about developments in the abolitionist movement, coverage of events of interest to the black community, editorials—almost all written by Delany—and ads, including one advertisement for Delany's medical practice. The paper also supported developing pride in an ancestral connection to Africa. It was financially supported by Pittsburgh's black community, especially its women.

The *Mystery*'s original reporting was reprinted in other abolitionist and black newspapers, including the *Palladium of Liberty* and the *Liberator*. Its reporting was more moderate than some of its competitors, including *The Mirror of Liberty* from New York.

Delany resigned financial control of the *Mystery* in 1844; the paper had trouble staying financially stable, and the group that took over was composed of black men from Pittsburgh. In 1846, the paper's motto changed from its Biblical quotation to "Hereditary bondsmen! Know ye not who would be free, themselves strike the blow?". Delany left the paper in 1847 to work with Frederick Douglass at the *North Star*, another African American newspaper.

At least one source, historian of African American studies James T. Campbell, says the paper died that year. If it did not, then it was purchased by the African Methodist Episcopal Church in 1848, rebranded around that time as the *Christian Herald*, and later rebranded again as the *Christian Recorder*, its current name. Delany died in 1885 after settling in North Carolina and aligning with its segregationist Democratic Party. By 2003, only two issues of the paper had been located.

### Citations

### Bibliography

* Adeleke, Tunde (1994a). "Black biography in the service of a revolution: Martin R. Delany in Afro-American historiography". *Biography*. **17** (3): 248–267. doi:10.1353/bio.2010.0267. JSTOR 23539977. S2CID 144514084.
* Adeleke, Tunde (1994b). "Race and ethnicity in Martin R. Delany's struggle". *Journal of Thought*. **29** (1): 19–49. JSTOR 42589366.
* Campbell, James T. (2001). "Redeeming the race: Martin Delany and the Niger Valley Exploring Party, 1859–60". *New Formations* (45).
* Hutton, Frankie (1993). *The early black press in America, 1827 to 1860*. Contributions in Afro-American and African studies. Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313286964.
* Levine, Robert S. (2003). *Martin R. Delany: A documentary reader*. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 9780807854310.
* Sterling, Dorothy (1971). *The making of an Afro-American: Martin Robison Delany, 1812–1885*. Doubleday & Company.


title: Mystery (novel)

abstract: Mystery is a 1990 novel by American author Peter Straub, the second installment in Straub's loosely connected "Blue Rose Trilogy". The novel falls into the genre of crime fiction, and was preceded by Koko and followed by The Throat. The book was published by Dutton, won the 1993 Bram Stoker Award and was a 1994 WFA nominee

text:
# Mystery (novel)

***Mystery*** is a 1990 novel by American author Peter Straub, the second installment in Straub's loosely connected "Blue Rose Trilogy". The novel falls into the genre of crime fiction, and was preceded by *Koko* and followed by *The Throat*. The book was published by Dutton, won the 1993 Bram Stoker Award and was a 1994 WFA nominee

## Synopsis

In the 1950s, Tom Pasmore is a young boy who lives on Mill Walk, a Caribbean island mostly inhabited by wealthy American and German expatriates. He read a newspaper article about a woman named Jeanine Thielman, who was murdered and then dumped in a lake. A few years later, Tom explores a dilapidated neighborhood on the island called Calle Burleigh. Hearing the cries of an animal, he finds a teenaged boy named Jerry and his older sister Robyn. When Tom says that he wants to go home, Jerry attacks him. Tom escapes but is followed by two boys, Robbie and Nappy, who threaten him with knives. They chase Tom into the street, where he is hit by a car and severely injured. While he recuperates in the hospital, Tom is visited by Lamont von Heilitz, an elderly neighbor who has taken an odd interest in him. Lamont is rumored to have been a celebrated detective in the 1930s.

By early 1962, Tom has become obsessed with recent homicides in Mill Walk and makes a scrapbook profiling each one. Tom sees Lamont at the scene of one such murder, that of Marita Hasselgard. Ignoring his father's warning to stay away from Lamont, Tom visits his residence the next day. The two bond over their passion for solving murders without the aid of police; Tom correctly deduces that Marita's brother, Friedrich, was responsible for her murder. Lamont shares with Tom a case he has been following: the murder of Jeanine Thielman. Lamont believes Thielman was murdered by her lover, Anton Goetz, when she refused to continue seeing him. Tom departs from Lamont's house, taking Lamont's journal with him. Through the journal, Tom finds out that Lamont has been following the careers of those involved with the Thielman case.

Over the next few days, Gloria Pasmore begins to show signs of mental illness. Friedrich Hasselgard, Marita's never-suspected murderer, is lost at sea while boating. Foxhall Edwardes, a suspect in Marita's murder, is killed in a shootout with two police officers, Mendenhall and Klink, at almost the same time. Mendenhall and Klink are both seriously injured and are committed to Shady Mount. Tom then learns that his own grandfather, Glendenning Upshaw, heard the gunshots that killed Marita on the night it happened. Dennis Handley begins to show concern for Tom at school, and Tom begins to grow closer to Sarah Spence, the classmate who visited him in the hospital. However, she is dating Buddy Redwing, another student at the school.

Tom and Gloria visit Glen at his house and are greeted by Glen and his two butlers, Mr. and Mrs. Kingsley. Dr. Bonaventure Milton is also there, though he departs soon after Tom and Gloria arrive, speaking of a problem at the hospital where he works concerning Nancy Vetiver, one of the nurses who used to visit Tom when he was incapacitated. Glen prompts Tom to go to Eagle Lake for the summer, where Jeanine was killed, as it is a beautiful camping site and tourist attraction. Tom agrees to go.

Sarah Spence grows distant from her boyfriend Buddy. Tom learns that Lamont doesn't want him to go to Eagle Lake, but Tom doesn't listen to him. Sarah and Tom walk together, and Sarah acts oddly nervous in front of Tom. After the walk, Tom sees a commotion at the hospital and enters, finding out that Mendenhall, one of the officers injured by Foxhall, has died. Tom discusses his theories with Dr. Bonaventure Milton, who disregards them.

Tom invites Sarah to go with him and speak to Hattie Bascombe, who he thinks might live at the old slave house across town. He and Sarah drive there, and on the way, he admits that he was the one who wrote the letter to Fulton Bishop. Tom and Sarah see Milton exit Hattie's home, and go inside to talk to her. She says that Milton was talking about Tom himself and telling her not to talk to him. Hattie takes the two of them to see Nancy a few blocks away, who says that she was suspended from her job at Shady Mount because she wouldn't stay away from Mendenhall while he healed, as her nursing style involves a personal connection with one's patients. Sarah and Tom return home.

At the Pasmore household, Tom becomes further detached from his parents. Tom hears on the news that Klink, the only surviving officer of the Foxhall Edwardes incident, was killed by a group of criminals when he tried to prevent them from robbing a bank. Tom visits Lamont and shares the recent events with him. Lamont informs him that he was there on Calle Burleigh the day Tom almost died.

Tom gets invited to Eagle Lake, Wisconsin, a resort for the founding families of Mill Walk. He flies there along with Sarah Spence, now engaged to Buddy, and her status-conscious parents, by private jet. After an awkward conversation between the four of them, Sarah and Tom go to the back of the plane and have sex for the first time. Tom and the Spences touch down in Grand Forks, a town near Eagle Lake. Their chauffeur is Jerry Hasek, the boy who attacked Tom when he was younger. Tom recognizes and outs him in front of the astonished Spences.

The five of them drive into the lodge complex and meet up with the Redwing clan. Tom is to stay in Glen's old cabin with his housekeeper, Barbara Deane, who used to be a nurse at Shady Mount. Tom goes into town and looks at old news articles at the library, searching for more evidence on the Jeanine Thielman case he is working on. He meets a man named Joe Truehart, and gives him a letter for Lamont. Joe doesn't mail the letter, but in fact hands it to Lamont personally, as Lamont is staying nearby to keep an eye on Tom, who is oblivious to Lamont's presence. Tom is deliberately pushed off the sidewalk and into traffic and almost killed by a speeding car, though he does not catch his attacker. He goes back to the lodge complex, and Sarah tells him that she doesn't have feelings for Buddy anymore.

The next day, Tom attends dinner with all lodge guests, including dowager Kate Redwing whom Tom asks about Jeanine Thielman. Kate tells him that she can speak about Jeanine later, but refuses to say another word on the subject during dinner. That night, Tom sees somebody creeping around Lamont's lodge with a flashlight. Unbeknownst to Tom, this person is Lamont himself.

The next morning, upon returning from his walk, Barbara Deane tells him that Ralph Redwing's bodyguards came by under Buddy's orders to deliver a message to Tom: Stay away from Sarah. Barbara drives Tom into town and tells him that Anton Goetz wasn't Jeanine's killer, because Anton had a limp. Gloria Pasmore saw a man running away from the scene the night Jeanine was killed, and the man she saw did not have a limp. While Tom is walking in town, Jerry, Robbie, and Nappy pick him up in their car. Jerry tells Tom not to mention the howling, crying dog he heard on the day Tom was hit by a car years ago. They bring Tom to Buddy, who warns him once more to stay away from Sarah. The two struggle, and Tom incapacitates Buddy before escaping. Tom talks to Sarah about Jerry and she is displeased. He then sends another letter to Lamont via Joe Truehart, and goes to see Kate Redwing at her lodge. Kate tells Tom that the man Gloria saw was not Anton Goetz, clearing Anton's name, though Tom remarks that it doesn't really matter- shortly after Jeanine's death, Anton was found hanging by his neck from a rafter in his house.

Tom has dinner with the guests again, and they treat him coldly on account of the happenings between Tom and Buddy. At the lodge, Tom calls his grandfather, Glen, and their phone call is interrupted when a bullet smashes his window and nearly kills him. Glen and the investigating officer, Spychalla (the deputy chief of police), both agree that it was a wild shot from a hunter. The next day, Tim Truehart (the chief of police), rules out Buddy Redwing as the shooter, though Tim believes that the shot wasn't wild.

The summer passes rather uneventfully after that. Tom finds countless letters from Sarah in his mailbox, as her parents have forbidden her to speak to him. Tom tries to call Sarah but Mr. and Mrs. Spence hang up on him. Their next group dinner is stressful and awkward. Later, Tom's schoolyard friend, Fritz Redwing, arrives in Grand Forks. Tom talks with Fritz and tells him about his relationship with Sarah. Despite familial pressure, Fritz supports him.

Tom goes to Barbara's house. Entering to search for her, he finds several notes from Jeanine Thielman accusing the reader of murder: "I KNOW WHAT YOU ARE... YOU MUST BE STOPPED... YOU WILL PAY FOR YOUR SIN." He also finds many newspapers accusing Barbara of several homicides over the past few years. Tom realizes that Barbara is the murderer- she killed Jeanine and then, when Anton confronted her after Lamont accused Anton of the crime, Barbara killed Anton as well and made it look like a suicide. Tom also believes that Barbara murdered Mendenhall by slipping him the wrong medication while she was on her shift at Shady Mount.

Tom, Sarah, and Fritz drive to an out-of-business shed leased by the Redwings and find Nappy surrounded by many stolen items before returning anxiously back to the lodge complex. Tom is unable to reach Glen or Lamont by phone. He calls the police station about the stolen items and they turn him down. Lamont finally makes himself known to Tom at the end of the day, and he tells Tom that Tim Truehart arrested Nappy and returned the stolen items. He also reveals to Tom that Lamont is his real father and that Gloria Upshaw, his mother, was forced to marry Victor Pasmore to suppress scandal. Tom meets Sarah at his house after speaking with Lamont, and he tells her that she must keep his and Lamont's meeting a secret.

That night, Tom and Sarah sleep together in the basement of Tom's lodge. When they wake up, the lodge is ablaze, and Tom saves Sarah from the blaze, however he is too late to save Barbara Deane, who burns to death in the inferno. He is committed to the hospital with severe burns. Lamont tells him that Sarah is okay, and that Ralph Redwing and his wife left for Venezuela, as well as that Jerry and Robbie, the arsonists, had stolen a car and crashed it into a ditch before being arrested. Tom is discharged from the hospital but fakes his own death so that he's no longer under the control of Victor, Gloria, and Glen. Lamont tells Tom of a string of murders involving the words BLUE ROSE written near those killed. Attacked were 4 major characters: A prostitute, a gay piano player, a gay doctor, and a butcher. The doctor survived, and Tom is surprised to learn that the doctor is Buzz, Roddy's partner. The man who was investigating these cases killed himself soon after the butcher's death.

In Tom and Lamont's hotel, Tom finds a newspaper detailing his own death. He realizes then that Glen Upshaw is the killer, not Barbara. He killed Jeanine after she threatened to expose his political corruption and the fact that he had made Gloria, his daughter, then a little girl, his sex slave. When Anton was blamed for the crime, Magda, Tom's grandmother, found out what a horrible person Glen was, and in a depressive state, waded into the lake and drowned herself. Tom and Lamont write I KNOW WHAT YOU ARE over and over on pieces of paper, copying Barbara Deane's notes, and mail them to Glen in order to "rattle his cage". Lamont lends Tom "The Divided Man", a novelization of the Blue Rose murders written by Timothy Underhill.

Andrés, Lamont's helper, drives Tom and Lamont to Glen's house and they watch his shocked expression as he opens their letters. They see him argue briefly with Fulton Bishop before they leave. The two learn that Jerry hired his friend, a man named Schilling, to shoot at Tom when he looked out the window. Tom calls Sarah, but he hangs up without saying anything. He then tries to call his mother, but the phone is answered by Dr. Milton, so he hangs up again.

Lamont goes to meet Officer Natchez at a coffeeshop while Tom remains in the hotel room. When he doesn't return, Andrés drives Tom to Lamont's house, where Tom finds a huge mess as well as Lamont's corpse. Tom and Andrés smell cigars at the crime scene, proving that Glen was Lamont's killer. They speak with Natchez, who goes with them to Glen's house. The Kingsleys tell them that Glen departed after taking a call from Deputy Spychalla. It turns out that when Spychalla told Glen that they had caught the men who set Tom's lodge on fire, Glen believed he had nothing to hide from anymore and went to see Carmen Bishop, Fulton's sister, not far from where Nancy Vetiver lives. The three of them (Tom, Natchez, and Andrés) travel to the Third Court in search of Glen, who they discover was a lover of both Barbara Deane and Carmen Bishop to make himself blend in. His relationship with Carmen allowed him to corrupt Fulton and indirectly take control of the police force.

In the Third Court, Natchez provokes Glen by shouting the text from Jeanine's notes. Glen fires at Tom with a pistol but misses. Natchez shoots Glen in the head, killing him as Carmen Bishop watches from the sidelines. Glen's body is taken back to his house. He had placed all filed evidence of his crimes at the house of Jerry Hasek. The three make Glen's death look like a suicide by placing his body in a position with the gun against his temple, where Natchez shot him.

The Redwings travel to Switzerland and Ralph Redwing gives Fulton Bishop (who apparently escaped punishment) a job overseas. Buddy and Sarah are no longer engaged.

The final scene of the book shows Tom and Sarah reuniting at the Mill Walk Zoo, and beginning their relationship together.

## *Blue Rose*

Together with *Koko* and *The Throat*, *Mystery* forms a series of novels often referred to as the "Blue Rose Trilogy". Though the novels feature similar themes and many of the same characters, they do not take place in strict continuity with each other; for instance, the main character of *Mystery*, Tom Pasmore, goes on to appear in *The Throat* and two other novels, but a major element of Tom's backstory - a childhood accident that left him hospitalized and incapacitated for several months - is transplanted to the main character of those novels, a writer and Vietnam veteran named Tim Underhill. A similar incident happened to Straub himself as a child.

The title "Blue Rose" refers to the signature of a serial killer who committed a series of murders in Underhill's hometown (the words Blue Rose were written on walls near the bodies of each victim). The murders are only briefly mentioned in *Koko* and *Mystery*, but become the central focus of *The Throat*.

## InfoBox

Mystery
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Peter Straub |
| Cover artist | Paul Bacon |
| Language | English |
| Series | Blue Rose Trilogy |
| Genre | Crime |
| Published | 1990 |
| Publisher | Dutton |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print |
| Pages | 548 |
| Awards | 1993 Bram Stoker Award |
| ISBN | 978-0-5252-4818-7 |
| OCLC | 19555495 |
| Dewey Decimal | 813.54 |
| LC Class | PS3569.T6914 |
| Preceded by | *Koko* |
| Followed by | *The Throat* |


title: Myōkaku Station

abstract: Myōkaku Station Myōkaku Station is a passenger railway station in the town of Tokigawa, Saitama, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company.

text:
# Myōkaku Station

**Myōkaku Station** (明覚駅, *Myōkaku-eki*) is a passenger railway station in the town of Tokigawa, Saitama, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East).

## Lines

Myōkaku Station is served by the Hachikō Line between Komagawa and Takasaki. It is located 44.8 kilometers from the official starting point of the line at Hachiōji.

## Station layout

The station consists of two opposed side platforms serving two tracks, which form a passing loop on the single-track line. The platforms are connected by a level crossing. The station is unattended.

### Platforms

| **1** | Hachikō Line | for Ogose and Komagawa |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **2** | Hachikō Line | for Ogawamachi, Yorii, and Takasaki |

## History

The station opened on 24 March 1934. The station building was destroyed in a fire on 8 November 1988, and a new building was completed on 18 September 1989.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2010, the station was used by an average of 454 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

## Surrounding area

* Tamagawa Post Office
* Former Tamagawa Village Hall

Media related to Myōkaku Station at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Myōkaku Station
明覚駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| The station entrance in April 2010 | |
| General information | |
| Location | 475–2 Banjō, Tokigawa-machi, Hiki-gun, Saitama-ken 355–0354
Japan |
| Coordinates | 36°00′12″N 139°17′19″E / 36.0033°N 139.2886°E / 36.0033; 139.2886 |
| Operated by | JR East |
| Line(s) | Hachikō Line |
| Distance | 44.8 km from Hachiōji |
| Platforms | 2 side platforms |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Other information | |
| Status | Unstaffed |
| Website | Official website |
| History | |
| Opened | 24 March 1934 (1934-03-24) |
| Rebuilt | 1988 (1988) |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| FY2010 | 454 daily |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  JR East Following station  Ogawamachitowards Takasaki  Hachikō Line  Ogosetowards Komagawa | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Myōkaku StationLocation within Saitama PrefectureMyōkaku StationMyōkaku Station (Japan) | |


title: Myōjin-shō

abstract: Myōjin-shō (明神礁) is a submarine volcano located about 450 kilometers south of Tokyo on the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge in the Izu Islands. Volcanic activity has been detected there since 1869. Since then it has undergone more eruptions, the most powerful of which resulted in the appearance and disappearance of a small island. The name Myōjin-shō derives from a fishing boat, No.11 Myōjin-Maru of Yaizu City, Shizuoka Prefecture, the crew of which first witnessed the major volcanic eruption of 1952.

text:
# Myōjin-shō

**Myōjin-shō** (明神礁) is a submarine volcano located about 450 kilometers south of Tokyo on the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge in the Izu Islands. Volcanic activity has been detected there since 1869. Since then it has undergone more eruptions, the most powerful of which resulted in the appearance and disappearance of a small island.

The name Myōjin-shō derives from a fishing boat, *No.11 Myōjin-Maru* of Yaizu City, Shizuoka Prefecture, the crew of which first witnessed the major volcanic eruption of 1952.

## Eruption of 1952-1953

The volcanic eruption from 1952 to 1953 was one of its biggest eruptions on record, with the repetitious appearance and disappearance of an island, which at one point reached over ten metres above sea level, before sinking after a major volcanic eruption in September 1953. On September 24, 1952, a survey vessel, *Kaiyo Maru No. 5* of the Hydrographic Department of the Maritime Safety Agency, was destroyed by the volcano, with the loss of its crew of 31 (including the nine scientists studying the eruption). Consequently, the Department developed *Manbou* (Sunfish), an unmanned radio operating survey boat, and has used it for the research of dangerous sea areas such as submarine volcanoes.

This was the first time that volcanic activity had been detected using the SOFAR channel.

## Survey of 1998-1999

In 1998 and 1999, the Hydrography Department conducted comprehensive sea bottom surveys around Myōjin-shō, using the state-of-the-art survey vessel *Shoyo* and *Manbou II*, the second generation *Manbou*. As a result of these surveys, a detailed picture of the seabed topography around Myōjin-shō was made for the first time.

*Manbou II* conducted the survey of the sea area within a radius of 3 nautical miles (about 5.4 kilometers) of Myōjin-shō. *Shoyo* conducted the survey of the sea area within a radius of about 10 nautical miles (about 18.5 kilometers) but farther than the area of the radius of 3 nautical miles (5.6 km). *Manbou II* works by the order of preprogrammed instructions and measures depth and water temperature. Bathymetric survey of *Manbou II* was carried out by using the "PRD-601" echo sounder at intervals of 0.2 nautical miles (about 370 meters). *Shoyo* conducted a comprehensive survey including the geological and geophysical surveys of sea bottom. Bathymetric survey of *Shoyo* was carried out by using a "Seabeam 2112" echo sounder at intervals of 0.5 nautical miles (about 930 meters).

## Structure

Previously, Myōjin-shō was considered to be the central cone of a double volcano with the Bayonnaise Rocks (rocks of 9.9 meters in height above the sea level) as a portion of the somma (Mita, 1949). As a result of the survey, however, the authors found that both Myōjin-shō and the Bayonnaise Rocks are cones on the somma of a double volcano. The foot of this double volcano lies 1,400 to 1,500 meters in depth and the size is about 30 by 25 kilometers east-west, north-south. The somma is almost a circle in the diameter of 7 by 9 kilometers and the height is 1,000 – 1,400meters.

The diameter of the caldera floor is 5.6 kilometers and about 1,100 meters in depth. The central cone is a high formerly known as Takane-shō, 328 metres below sea level.

Myōjin-shō is a post caldera cone formed in the northeastern part of the somma of the double volcano. It is a single conical cone and its height is 550 meters with the shallowest depth 50 meters. A record that suggests a gushing of bubbles near the summit was obtained and micro-earthquakes were observed near Myōjin-shō, showing that the volcano is still active, although at a low level

### 1952 eruption

## InfoBox

| Myōjin-shō | |
| --- | --- |
| Steam pours from the blocky summit of a lava dome formed at Myōjin-shō during a submarine eruption at the Bayonnaise Rocks volcano in 1952. | |
|  | |
| Summit depth | 11 metres (36 ft) |
| Location | |
| Group | Izu Islands |
| Coordinates | 31°55.1′N 140°1.3′E / 31.9183°N 140.0217°E / 31.9183; 140.0217 |
| Country | Japan |
| Geology | |
| Type | lava dome |
| Last eruption | 1970 (1970) |


title: Myōjō

abstract: .mw-parser-output.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output.infobox.navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva.mw-parser-output.infobox-header,body.skin-minerva.mw-parser-output.infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva.mw-parser-output.infobox-above,body.skin-minerva.mw-parser-output.infobox-title,body.skin-minerva.mw-parser-output.infobox-image,body.skin-minerva.mw-parser-output.infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva.mw-parser-output.infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night.mw-parser-output.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os.mw-parser-output.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive.mw-parser-output.infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive.mw-parser-output.infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive.mw-parser-output.infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive.mw-parser-output.infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive.mw-parser-output.infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive.mw-parser-output.infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}} Myōjō was a monthly literary magazine published in Japan between April 1900 and November 1908. The name Myōjō can be translated as either Bright Star or Morning Star.

text:
# Myōjō

***Myōjō* (明星, *Myōjō*)** was a monthly literary magazine published in Japan between April 1900 and November 1908. The name *Myōjō* can be translated as either Bright Star or Morning Star.

## History and profile

The magazine was established in 1900. It was the organ of a poetry circle called *Shinshisha* (New Poetry Society) which had been founded by Yosano Tekkan in 1899. *Myōjō* was initially known for its development and promotion of a modernized version of the 31-syllable *tanka* poetry. Famous contributors such as Yosano Akiko, who also edited the magazine, transformed the traditional poetry with a sensual style in the romantic movement.

Other important contributors included Hagiwara Sakutaro, Ishikawa Takuboku, Iwano Homei, Kitahara Hakushu, Noguchi Yonejiro, Kinoshita Rigen, and Haruo Satō. The magazine was advised by Mori Ōgai, Ueda Bin and Baba Kocho, with Yosano Tekkan remaining as editor-in-chief of the publication.

*Myōjō* gradually transformed itself from purely *tanka* poetry, to a sophisticated journal promoting the visual arts and western style poetry as well. It is regarded as having a crucial influence on the development of Japanese poetry and literature in the early 20th century.

*Myōjō* was short lived, as internal dissension dissolved the *Shinshisha* literary circle. Many of its original members helped create a successor literary journal, *Subaru* (*The Pleiades*). *Myōjō* was revived from 1921–1927 by Tekkan, and again from 1947–1949.

## InfoBox

*Myōjō <br>明星*
| *Myōjō* 10th issue | |
| --- | --- |
| Categories | Literary magazine |
| Frequency | Monthly |
| First issue | April 1900 |
| Final issue | November 1908 |
| Company | Shinshisha (新詩社) |
| Country | Japan |
| Language | Japanese |


abstract: My Resistance (Something that can't be helped)/Fate Girl My Resistance/Fate Girl is the 6th single by Japanese boy band Kis-My-Ft2. It was released on February 13, 2013. "My Resistance" was the theme song for the drama The Knife and the Sword starring Yuta Tamamori. The music video for this song features the members dancing in the rain. The filming took place in cold temperatures of 0 degrees Celsius, and the members danced for nearly an hour while being drenched in two tons of water. Tamamori commented, "This is a work I will never forget. "Fate Girl" was the theme song for a Seven & I Holdings commercial in which Kis-My-Ft2 member appeared. This song was Seven & I Holdings "Valentine Fair" commercial song featuring Kis-My-Ft2.

text:
# My Resistance (Something that can't be helped)/Fate Girl

***My Resistance (Something that can't be helped)/Fate Girl*** (My Resistance -タシカナモノ-/運命Girl) is the 6th single by Japanese boy band Kis-My-Ft2. It was released on February 13, 2013.

"My Resistance (Something that can't be helped)" was the theme song for the drama The Knife and the Sword starring Yuta Tamamori.

The music video for this song features the members dancing in the rain. The filming took place in cold temperatures of 0 degrees Celsius, and the members danced for nearly an hour while being drenched in two tons of water. Tamamori commented, "This is a work I will never forget.

"Fate Girl" was the theme song for a Seven & I Holdings commercial in which Kis-My-Ft2 member appeared. This song was Seven & I Holdings "Valentine Fair" commercial song featuring Kis-My-Ft2.

## Chart performance

It debuted in number one on the weekly Oricon Singles Chart and reached number one on the Billboard Japan Hot 100. It was the 16th best-selling single in Japan in 2013, with 377,055 copies.

## Track listing

### CD

* Regular Edition, First Edition A, Kis-My-Ft2 Shop Edition

1. "My Resistance (Something that can't be helped)" \[4:56\]
2. "Fate Girl "\[4:11\]
3. "Forever with U" \[4:20\]

* Limited First Edition B, Seven & i Limited Edition

1. "Fate Girl"
2. "My Resistance (Something that can't be helped)"

### DVD

* Limited First Edition A

1. "My Resistance (Something that can't be helped)" (Music video)
2. "My Resistance (Something that can't be helped)" (Music video Making Movie)

* Limited First Edition B

1. "Fate Girl" (Music video)
2. "Fate Girl" (Music video Making Movie)

* Seven & i Limited Edition

1. SEVEN & i “Valentine Fair” CM Video
2. SEVEN & i “Valentine Fair” CM footage Making Movie
3. Valentine's Day Special Movie (each member's own “Valentine's Day” situation)

## InfoBox

| "*My Resistance (Something that can't be helped)/Fate Girl*" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Kis-My-Ft2 | |
| from the album  *Good Ikuze!* | |
| B-side | "Forever with U" |
| Released | February 13, 2013 (2013-02-13) (Japan) |
| Genre | J-pop |
| Label | Avex Trax |
| Kis-My-Ft2 singles chronology | |
| "Ai no Beat"
(2012) "***My Resistance (Something that can't be helped)/Fate Girl***"
(2013) "Kiss U Mai (Kiss your mind)/Sos (Smile on smile)"
(2013) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "My Resistance (Something that can't be helped)" on YouTube
"Fate Girl" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Mélinda Hennaoui

abstract: Melinda Raissa Hennaoui is an Algerian female volleyball player. She was part of the Algeria women's national volleyball team.

text:
# Mélinda Hennaoui

**Melinda Raissa Hennaoui** (born March 18, 1990) is an Algerian female volleyball player. She was part of the Algeria women's national volleyball team.

## Club information

* **Current club :**  Istres volleyball
* **Debut club :**  Lyon volleyball

*
*

## InfoBox

| Melinda Raissa Hennaoui | |
| --- | --- |
| Hennaoui in 2011 | |
| Personal information | |
| Nationality | Algerian |
| Born | (1990-03-18) 18 March 1990<br>Bouïra |
| Height | 178 cm (70 in) |
| Weight | 68 kg (150 lb) |
| Spike | 295 cm (116 in) |
| Block | 284 cm (112 in) |
| Volleyball information | |
| Number | 5 (national team) |
| National team | |
| 2011  Algeria | |


title: Mészáros effect

abstract:
The Mészáros effect "is the main physical process that alters the shape of the initial power spectrum of fluctuations in the cold dark matter
theory of cosmological structure formation".
It was introduced in 1974 by Péter Mészáros
considering the behavior of dark matter perturbations in the range around the radiation-matter equilibrium redshift z eq and up to the radiation decoupling redshift z dec. This showed that, for a non-baryonic cold dark matter not coupled to radiation, the small initial perturbations expected to give rise to the present day large scale structures experience below z e q an additional distinct growth period which alters the initial fluctuation power spectrum, and allows sufficient time for the fluctuations to grow into galaxies and galaxy clusters by the present epoch. This involved introducing and solving a joint radiation plus dark matter perturbation equation for the density fluctuations Δ ρ, δ ″ + 2 + 3 y 2 y δ ′ − 3 2 y δ = 0, in which δ ≡ Δ ρ / ⟨ ρ ⟩,
the variable y = ρ m / ρ r = a / a eq, and a is the length scale parametrizing the expansion of the Universe.
The analytical solution has a growing mode δ ∝ 1 + 3 2 y.
This is referred to as the Mészáros effect, or Mészáros equation. The process is independent of whether the cold dark matter consists of elementary particles or macroscopic objects. It determines the cosmological transfer function of the original fluctuation spectrum, and it has been incorporated in all subsequent treatments of cosmological large scale structure evolution (e.g. ). A more specific galaxy formation scenario involving this effect was discussed by Mészáros in 1975
explicitly assuming that the dark matter might consist of approximately solar mass primordial black holes, an idea which has received increased attention (e.g.
)
after the discovery in 2015 of gravitational waves from stellar-mass black holes.

text:
# Mészáros effect

The **Mészáros effect** "is the main physical process that alters the shape of the initial power spectrum of fluctuations in the cold dark matter theory of cosmological structure formation". It was introduced in 1974 by Péter Mészáros considering the behavior of dark matter perturbations in the range around the radiation-matter equilibrium redshift $z\_{\text{eq}}$ and up to the radiation decoupling redshift $z\_{\text{dec}}$. This showed that, for a non-baryonic cold dark matter not coupled to radiation, the small initial perturbations expected to give rise to the present day large scale structures experience below $z\_{eq}$ an additional distinct growth period which alters the initial fluctuation power spectrum, and allows sufficient time for the fluctuations to grow into galaxies and galaxy clusters by the present epoch. This involved introducing and solving a joint radiation plus dark matter perturbation equation for the density fluctuations $\Delta \rho $,

$\delta ''+{\frac {2+3y}{2y(1+y)}\delta '-{\frac {3}{2y(1+y)}\delta =0,}}$

in which $\delta \equiv \Delta \rho /\langle \rho \rangle $, the variable $y=\rho \_{m}/\rho \_{r}=a/a\_{\text{eq}}$, and $a$ is the length scale parametrizing the expansion of the Universe. The analytical solution has a growing mode $\delta \propto 1+{\tfrac {3}{2}y}$. This is referred to as the **Mészáros effect**, or **Mészáros equation**. The process is independent of whether the cold dark matter consists of elementary particles or macroscopic objects. It determines the cosmological transfer function of the original fluctuation spectrum, and it has been incorporated in all subsequent treatments of cosmological large scale structure evolution (e.g. ).

A more specific galaxy formation scenario involving this effect was discussed by Mészáros in 1975 explicitly assuming that the dark matter might consist of approximately solar mass primordial black holes, an idea which has received increased attention (e.g. ) after the discovery in 2015 of gravitational waves from stellar-mass black holes.


title: Mögglingen

abstract: Mögglingen is a municipality in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, in Ostalbkreis district.

text:
# Mögglingen

**Mögglingen** is a municipality in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, in Ostalbkreis district.

## Geography

Mögglingen is positioned at between 398 and 475 meters above sea level, along the upper Rems valley in the north-eastern foothills of the "Swabian Jura" between Schwäbisch Gmünd (13 km / 8 miles) and administrative centre of the Ostalbkreis, Aalen (11 km / 7 miles).

## Neighbouring communities

The municipality is bordering to the north to Heuchlingen, to the east to Essingen, in the south to the town Heubach and to the west to Böbingen an der Rems.

## History

The first mention of Mögglingen was in the year 1143. The place belonged for a long time to the land territory of the Reichstadt Schwäbisch Gmünd. As soon as Schwäbisch Gmünd fell due to the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss in 1803 to the Kingdom of Württemberg, also Mögglingen became part of Württemberg and belonged to the newly formed Oberamt Gmünd, from 1938 Schwäbisch Gmünd. When this was dissolved by the district reform Baden-Württemberg 1973, Mögglingen became part of the newly formed Ostalbkreis.

## Religions

Mögglingen remained Catholic even after the introduction of the Reformation in Württemberg, because most of the goods belonged to citizens and monasteries of the free catholic city Gmünd. Believers today belong to the Roman Catholic Church of St. Peter and Paul. A Protestant church was built only in 1968.

## Bypass plans

Locals have campaigned for a bypass round Mögglingen since at least as far back as 1957, and by 2013 plans for such a bypass had been agreed for fifteen years. Former mayor Ottmar Schweizer is on record as having pushed for the construction of the bypass throughout his 24 years in office. The curving and relatively narrow high street has been part of a long distance route for many years, but the number of heavy trucks passing through small towns like Mögglingen rose substantially after 2005 which was the year in which Germany introduced Autobahn tolls for trucks above twelve tonnes gross weight. Continuing failure to construct the planned bypass is blamed on an absence of funding.

## Population Development

* 1871: 1,003
* 1900: 1,058
* 1933: 1,443
* 1950: 2,150
* 1970: 2,933
* 1987: 3,316
* 2000: 3,884
* 2005: 4,167
* 2010: 4,180
* 2021: 4,267

## Politics

### Council

The council includes after the elections from May 25, 2014, 14 members. The election brought the following results:

* FUMB (Free and Independent Mögglinger citizens) 30.16% (+0.48) = 4 seats (± 0)
* CDU 27.48% (-5.13) = 4 seats (-1)
* JMB (Young Mögglinger citizens) 22.62% (+2.23) = 3 seats (± 0)
* SPD 19.74% (+2.49) = 3 seats (+1)

## Personality

### Sons and daughters of the town

* Anton Vogt (born 1891, † unknown), politician (NSDAP)

### Associated with the community

* Carl-Uwe Steeb (born 1967), former professional tennis player, grew up in Mögglingen.
* Steffen Dangelmayr (born 1978), football player,   comes from the youth department of the  *Stern FC Mögglingen*

## Literature

* Karl Eduard Paulus:  *Mögglingen* . In:  *Description of Oberamts Gmünd* . Publisher Lindemann, Stuttgart 1870 (Full text at Wikisource)

## InfoBox

| Mögglingen | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Location of Mögglingen within Ostalbkreis district | |
| Mögglingen Mögglingen | |
| Coordinates: 48°49′24″N 09°57′45″E / 48.82333°N 9.96250°E / 48.82333; 9.96250 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Baden-Württemberg |
| Admin. region | Stuttgart |
| District | Ostalbkreis |
| Government | |
| Mayor (202230) | Adrian Schlenker |
| Area | |
| Total | 10.27 km2 (3.97 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 413 m (1,355 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 4,339 |
| Density | 420/km2 (1,100/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 73563 |
| Dialling codes | 07174 |
| Vehicle registration | AA |
| Website | www.moegglingen.de |


title: Myosotis cheesemanii

abstract: Myosotis cheesemanii is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Donald Petrie described the species in 1886. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with bracteate inflorescences and white corollas.

text:
# Myosotis cheesemanii

***Myosotis cheesemanii*** is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Donald Petrie described the species in 1886. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with bracteate inflorescences and white corollas.

## Taxonomy and etymology

*Myosotis cheesemanii* Petrie is in the plant family Boraginaceae and was originally described in 1886 by Donald Petrie. *M cheesemanii* is morphologically most similar to *M. colensoi,* from which it can be distinguished by its rosette laminas which are shorter (\< 6.4 mm) with a smaller length : width ratio (1.2–1.9 : 1), longer petioles, and smaller rosettes.

The type specimen of *Myosotis cheesemanii* is lodged at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington (herbarium WELT). Anthony Druce collected the type specimen of this species from Takaka Valley in north-west Nelson in 1977.

The specific epithet, *cheesemanii*, is named after New Zealand botanist Thomas Cheeseman (1845–1923).

## Phylogeny

*Myosotis cheesemanii* was not included in phylogenetic analyses of standard DNA sequencing markers (nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast DNA regions).

## Description

*Myosotis cheesemanii* plants are single rosettes that grow close together forming loose clumps. The rosette leaves have petioles 1–6 mm long. The rosette leaf blades are 3–9 mm long by 1–3 mm wide (length: width ratio 1.2–2.2: 1), narrowly obovate or broadly obovate, rarely elliptic or broadly ovate, widest at or above the middle, with an obtuse apex. The upper surface of the leaf is densely covered in straight, mostly appressed, antrorse (forward-facing) hairs that are parallel to the mid vein, while on the lower surface the hairs are the same or sometimes the hairs are fewer or even lacking. Each rosette has 4–7 prostrate, sometimes ascending, unbranched, bracteate inflorescences that are 14–36 mm long. The cauline leaves on the lower part of the inflorescence are similar to but smaller than the rosette leaves, but usually with an acute apex, and decrease in size toward the tip. There can be up to 5 flowers in each inflorescence, each one borne on a short pedicel and with a bract. The calyx is 4–5 mm long at flowering and 5–6 mm long at fruiting, lobed to about a third of its length, and densely covered in short, straight, appressed, antrorse hairs. The corolla is white up to 8 mm in diameter, with a cylindrical tube, petals that are broadly obovate and flat, and small yellow scales alternating with the petals. The anthers are partially exserted, with the tips only surpassing the scales. The four smooth, shiny, medium brown nutlets are about 1.7 mm long by about 0.9 mm wide and ovoid or narrowly ovoid in shape.

*Myosotis cheesemanii* has *M. uniflora* type pollen.

The chromosome number of *M. cheesemanii* is unknown.

It flowers in January and fruits in February.

## Distribution and habitat

*Myosotis cheesemanii* is endemic to the South Island of New Zealand in Otago, from (780–)1700–1800 m ASL m elevation. *M. cheesemanii* is found in herbfields, on steep shingle faces, at the base of schist tors, or near snowdrifts.

## Conservation status

The species is listed as Threatened - Nationally Critical the most recent assessment (2017-2018) of the New Zealand Threatened Classification for plants. It also has the qualifiers "DP" (Data Poor), "RR" (Sparse) and "Sp" (Sparse).

## InfoBox

| *Myosotis cheesemanii* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Nationally Critical (NZ TCS) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Boraginales |
| Family: | Boraginaceae |
| Genus: | *Myosotis* |
| Species: | ***M. cheesemanii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Myosotis cheesemanii***
Petrie | |
|


title: Měrovice nad Hanou

abstract: Měrovice nad Hanou is a municipality and village in Přerov District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants. Měrovice nad Hanou lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) south-west of Přerov, 28 km (17 mi) south of Olomouc, and 220 km (140 mi) east of Prague.

text:
# Měrovice nad Hanou

**Měrovice nad Hanou** is a municipality and village in Přerov District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.

Měrovice nad Hanou lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) south-west of Přerov, 28 km (17 mi) south of Olomouc, and 220 km (140 mi) east of Prague.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 559 |  |
| 1880 | 645 | +15.4% |
| 1890 | 648 | +0.5% |
| 1900 | 633 | −2.3% |
| 1910 | 720 | +13.7% |
| 1921 | 767 | +6.5% |
| 1930 | 757 | −1.3% |
| 1950 | 709 | −6.3% |
| 1961 | 744 | +4.9% |
| 1970 | 729 | −2.0% |
| 1980 | 648 | −11.1% |
| 1991 | 661 | +2.0% |
| 2001 | 694 | +5.0% |
| 2011 | 659 | −5.0% |
| 2021 | 657 | −0.3% |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## InfoBox

| Měrovice nad Hanou | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| View from the southwest | |
|  | |
| Měrovice nad HanouLocation in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 49°20′30″N 17°14′45″E / 49.34167°N 17.24583°E / 49.34167; 17.24583 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | Olomouc |
| District | Přerov |
| First mentioned | 1406 |
| Area | |
| Total | 7.92 km2 (3.06 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 202 m (663 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01) | |
| Total | 691 |
| Density | 87/km2 (230/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 752 01 |
| Website | www.merovicenh.cz |