title: Gothic War (248–253)

abstract: The Gothic War of 248–253 took place between the years 248 and 249, as well as in the year 253. Within this war, a series of battles occurred and plundering was carried out by the Goths and their allies in the eastern territory of the Roman Empire, specifically in the Balkans. With the cessation of the payment of tribute previously made by the Roman emperor Philip the Arab to the tribes beyond the Danube, the Goths and their allies, led by King Ostrogotha and his subcommanders Argedo and Gundericus, moved towards the Roman border and began a series of attacks, including against the fortified city of Marcianopolis in Thracia. After these actions, the Goths withdrew with their spoils of war. In 250, the invasions continued, the Carpiani attacked Dacia, while the Gothic King Cniva commanding various groups of Goths and other allied peoples, defeated the Romans in two major battles, in one of these he killed the Roman emperor Decius and his co-emperor Herennius Etruscus. The imperial successor Trebonianus Gallus pledged to pay an annual tribute if the invaders left, however, he did not keep his promise, which provoked new attacks in 253, although the governor and future emperor Aemilianus managed to stop these raids.

text:
# Gothic War (248–253)

The **Gothic War of 248–253** took place between the years 248 and 249, as well as in the year 253. Within this war, a series of battles occurred and plundering was carried out by the Goths and their allies in the eastern territory of the Roman Empire, specifically in the Balkans. With the cessation of the payment of tribute previously made by the Roman emperor Philip the Arab (r. 244–249) to the tribes beyond the Danube, the Goths and their allies, led by King Ostrogotha and his subcommanders Argedo and Gundericus, moved towards the Roman border and began a series of attacks, including against the fortified city of Marcianopolis (today Devnya) in Thracia. After these actions, the Goths withdrew with their spoils of war.

In 250, the invasions continued, the Carpiani attacked Dacia, while the Gothic King Cniva commanding various groups of Goths and other allied peoples, defeated the Romans in two major battles, in one of these he killed the Roman emperor Decius (r. 249–251) and his co-emperor Herennius Etruscus (r. 251). The imperial successor Trebonianus Gallus (r. 251–253) pledged to pay an annual tribute if the invaders left, however, he did not keep his promise, which provoked new attacks in 253, although the governor and future emperor Aemilianus (r. 253) managed to stop these raids.

## Background

Two factors can be distinguished that contributed to the growing discontent of the population living north of the Danube during the 3rd century, which culminated in the outbreak of the Gothic War: The first and most important was that since the time of Severus Alexander (r. 222–235), there were continuous relocations of new villages close to the Danubian border. At that time it is reported that the cities of Olbia and Tiras, former Greek colonies in present-day Ukraine, were destroyed by warriors of a new and powerful people who were ravaging that region. Subsequently, in the spring of 238, groups of warriors of this same people, generically referred to as Scythians, crossed the lands of the Carpiani, Dacians, and invaded Lower Moesia, where they captured and plundered the city of Istros.

The second factor was the actions of Emperor Philip the Arab (r. 244–249), who, emboldened by his political successes, specifically in relation to the Sassanid Empire of Shapur I (r. 240, 242–272), decided to review the situation of the Germanic tribes and resolved to stop paying the annual tributes established in 238 by Maximinus Thrax (r. 235–238), granted for the purpose of appeasing the aggressive tribes of the region. He also canceled all other agreements previously made.

## Ostrogotha's invasions

According to *De origine actibusque Getarum* by the Roman historian Jordanes, as a consequence of suspending the payment of tribute at the end of 248, Ostrogotha, king of the Ostrogoths and Visigoths, crossed the Danube with an army made up of Goths and allied Germanic-Sarmat tribes (Taifals, Bastarnae, Hasdingi and Carpiani), estimated by the author to number 300,000 men, and led an invasion of Moesia and Thracia. At the same time, Pacatian (r. 248) was made emperor by his own troops stationed near the Danube. Jordanes states that the Gothic invasion of Ostrogotha was successful, due to the negligence of the soldiers guarding the Danubian frontier.

To deal with this chaotic situation, Philip appointed the senator Decius as commander of the legions quartered in Pannonia and Moesia. Upon arrival in this region, as recounted by Jordanes, Decius found it impossible to restrain the invaders and preferred to release his soldiers from military service. The soldiers rebelled and presented themselves to Ostrogotha requesting his protection, which was granted, joining the invading forces. Ostrogotha's Gothic subcommanders, named Argedo and Gunderico, were sent to sack Moesia again, subsequently heading for the fortified city of Marcianopolis in Thracia. After a long siege, they forced the villagers to give them money to cease their attack. After this, Ostrogotha withdrew to his country with the spoils.

## Rise of Decius and King Cniva's invasion

In the spring of 249, Decius, still in command of the legions of Pannonia and Moesia, was proclaimed emperor by his troops and decided to march against Rome to depose Philip. The resulting military vacuum inevitably attracted more invaders. The following year, the Carpiani invaded Dacia, eastern Upper Moesia, and western Lower Moesia. At the same time, the Gothic king Cniva, the successor of Ostrogotha, organized his forces and took the opportunity to attack the Romans as well. Cniva's forces apparently included Goths, Vandals, and Taifals, as well as some renegade Roman veterans. Given the description of the Scythians, provided by Zosimus, it is almost certain that there were no Sarmatian elements, such as the Roxolani.

Cniva divided his army into two parts and sent about 20,000 of his soldiers to attack Moesia, which at that time was unprotected, and then to Philippopolis (present-day Plovdiv, in Bulgaria), while he himself led 70,000 men to Euscia (Novae). The general Trebonianus Gallus expelled Cniva from that region, driving him to flee to Nikopolis. As Emperor Decius approached, the Gothic king decided to head for the vicinity of Mount Haemus, and then set out for Philippopolis.

With the departure of Cniva, Decius crossed Mount Haemus, perhaps through the Shipka Pass, and camped at Beroe (present-day Stara Zagora), where he was later defeated in a surprise attack by the Gothic king. His army was annihilated, and he was forced to return to Euscia, where he met with Trebonianus Gallus, who was stationed with a large force to protect the frontier. There Decius massed the army of this region and prepared for further conflicts. At the same time, Cniva laid siege to Philippopolis, which fell in the summer after enduring a long siege. The Gothic king then allied himself with the local governor, Titus Julius Priscus, against the Romans.

The sack of Philippopolis motivated the emperor to act. After intercepting the Germanic partisans and repairing the Danubian fortifications, he set out to fight the Goths, who were surrounded by the numerically superior Roman forces as they attempted to retreat. Decius engaged them in the Battle of Abritus, at a site near the small town of Forum Terebronii or Abritus (present-day Razgrad). The Roman army was trapped in a swamp as it attempted to advance, and both the emperor and his son Herennius Etruscus were killed in action.

## Last invasion and consequences

As a consequence of the Battle of Abritus, news of the disaster reached the remnant Danubian legions, who proclaimed their commander Trebonianus Gallus (r. 251–253) as emperor. He allowed Cniva to depart with his booty and promised to pay a tribute in exchange for not invading the Roman dominions again. Despite his promise, the then governor of Moesia and Pannonia, and future emperor Aemilianus (r. 253) refused to pay this tribute. This, coupled with the plague of Cyprian (251–270), a smallpox pandemic that devastated between 15% and 30% of the imperial population, prompted a new invasion by the Goths of Cniva into Moesia and Thracia in 253. Aemilianus managed to successfully fend off the invaders, who were expelled and pursued beyond the Danube by a lightning attack on their territories, thus putting an end to the barbarian threat.

Aemilianus recovered large amounts of booty and freed thousands of captured Roman citizens. Possibly among the *freedmen* was Cnaeus Valerius Serapion, who dedicated an undated altar, found in Apulon (now Alba Iulia) in Roman Dacia, thanking them for his ransom from the Carpiani (*Liberatus a Carpis*). As a consequence of these events, the Danubian frontier remained quiet for some years. In 256 and 257, taking advantage of the political instability of the empire, a coalition of barbarian tribes, led by the Carpiani, invaded Moesia, sacked Thracia and besieged Thessaloniki in Macedonia.

In the following years, the hostile tribes of the Danubian basin led new invasions, the most important being that of 267 or 268, commanded by the Goths. In this incursion, the barbarians penetrated as far as the Aegean Sea, invading various island and coastal regions. They landed in Macedonia and sacked Thracia, until they were stopped and defeated at the Battle of Naissus in 268–269, by Gallienus (r. 260–268) or Claudius II (r. 268–270).

1. Jordanes claims that the barbarians totaled 300,000 men, but writers like him of the Byzantine era often inflated the numbers of barbarians, typically by a factor of 10. For example, one can see with Zosimus claims that 600,000 Alemanni perished at the Battle of Strasburg in 357, versus the 6000 recorded by the contemporary and more reliable Ammianus Marcellinus. Thus, 30,000 is a more logical estimate, but it would still be formidable for an Ostrogothic invasion (cf. Ammianus Marcellinus, *History of Rome*).

## Bibliography

* Bowman, Alan K. (2005). "The Crisis of Empire, A.D. 193-337". *The Cambridge Ancient History*. Vol. XII. Cambridge University Press.
* Chambers, Raymond Wilson (2010). *Widsith: A Study in Old English Heroic Legend*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1108015271.
* Christensen, Arne Søby (2002). *Cassiodorus, Jordanes and the History of the Goths: Studies in a Migration Myth*. Copenhague: Museum Tusculanum Press. ISBN 8772897104.
* Hussey, Joan Mervyn (1967). *The Cambridge Medieval History*. Vol. 4. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
* Jordanes (551). *The origin and deeds of the goths*. Translated by Mierow, Charles C. Constantinopla.
* Potter, David Stone (2014). *The Roman Empire at Bay AD 180–395*. Routledge. ISBN 978-1134694778.
* Southern, Pat (2001). "Beyond the Eastern Frontiers". *The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine*. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-23943-5.
* Stathakopoulos, Dionysios Ch. (2007). *Famine and Pestilence in the late Roman and early Byzantine Empire*. London and New York: Routledge.
* Wolfram, Herwig (1990). *History of the Goths*. Berkeley, Los Angeles and London.: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520069831.
* Wolfram, Herwig (1997). *The Roman Empire and Its Germanic Peoples*. Berkeley, Los Angeles and London.: University of California Press. ISBN 0520085116.
* Zosimus (6th century). *Nova Historia* (PDF). English translation of the work of the historian Zósimo.

## InfoBox

| Gothic War (248–253) | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of the Gothic Wars
and Crisis of the Third Century | |
|
Roman province of Dacia in the 2nd century | |
| Date 248–253  Location Balkans  Result  Roman victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| Roman Empire | Goths
Germanics
Sarmatians
Roman deserters |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Philip the Arab
Trajan Decius
Trebonianus Gallus
Aemilianus | Ostrogotha
Argedo
Gunderico
Cniva |
| *Casus belli*: Cessation of the payment of tribute by the Roman emperor to the Gothic tribes. | |


title: Gordon Phillips (priest)

abstract: Gordon Lewis Phillips was an Anglican priest and author. Phillips was educated at The Cathedral School, Llandaff, Dean Close School and Brasenose College, Oxford. He was ordained in 1938. After a curacy at St Julian, Newport, he was Rector of Northolt from 1940 to 1955 and Bloomsbury from 1956 to 1968. He was Dean of Llandaff from 1968 until 1971, then Gresham Professor of Divinity from 1967 until 1969, and from 1971 until 1973.

text:
# Gordon Phillips (priest)

**Gordon Lewis Phillips** (27 June 1911 – 5 December 1982) was an Anglican priest and author.

Phillips was educated at The Cathedral School, Llandaff, Dean Close School and Brasenose College, Oxford. He was ordained in 1938. After a curacy at St Julian, Newport, he was Rector of Northolt from 1940 to 1955 and Bloomsbury from 1956 to 1968. He was Dean of Llandaff from 1968 until 1971, then Gresham Professor of Divinity from 1967 until 1969, and from 1971 until 1973.


title: Gordon Pierson

abstract: Gordon Pierson is an American politician who served in the Montana House of Representatives from 2013 to 2021. Pierson unsuccessfully ran for District 39 of the Montana Senate in 2020 earning 12.6-percent of the vote as an Independent write-in candidate. In 2022 Pierson was appointed to the Deer Lodge City Council.

text:
# Gordon Pierson

**Gordon Pierson** (born May 21, 1971) is an American politician who served in the Montana House of Representatives from 2013 to 2021.

Pierson unsuccessfully ran for District 39 of the Montana Senate in 2020 earning 12.6-percent of the vote as an Independent write-in candidate.

In 2022 Pierson was appointed to the Deer Lodge City Council.

## InfoBox

| Gordon Pierson | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Montana House of Representatives
from the 78th district | |
| **In office**
January 5, 2015  January 4, 2021 | |
| Preceded by | Steve Gibson |
| Succeeded by | Gregory Frazer |
| Member of the Montana House of Representatives
from the 85th district | |
| **In office**
January 7, 2013  January 5, 2015 | |
| Preceded by | Cynthia Hiner |
| Succeeded by | Theresa Manzella |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1971-05-21) May 21, 1971
Deer Lodge, Montana, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
|  | |


title: Radical 43

abstract: Radical 43 or radical lame (尢部) meaning "lame" is one of the 31 Kangxi radicals composed of three strokes. In the Kangxi Dictionary, there are 66 characters to be found under this radical. 尢 is also the 34th indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China. 兀 and 尣 are the two associated indexing components affiliated to the principal indexing component 尢.

text:
# Radical 43

**Radical 43** or **radical lame** (尢部) meaning **"lame"** is one of the 31 Kangxi radicals (214 radicals total) composed of three strokes.

In the *Kangxi Dictionary*, there are 66 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.

is also the 34th indexing component in the *Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components* predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China.  and  are the two associated indexing components affiliated to the principal indexing component .

## Evolution

## Derived characters

| Strokes | Characters |
| --- | --- |
| +0 |  |
| +1 |  |
| +3 |  |
| +4 |  |
| +6 |  |
| +9 |  |
| +10 | SC (=尷) |
| +12 |  |
| +14 |  |

## Literature

* Fazzioli, Edoardo (1987). *Chinese calligraphy : from pictograph to ideogram : the history of 214 essential Chinese/Japanese characters*. calligraphy by Rebecca Hon Ko. New York: Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-89659-774-1.
* Lunde, Ken (Jan 5, 2009). "Appendix J: Japanese Character Sets" (PDF). *CJKV Information Processing: Chinese, Japanese, Korean & Vietnamese Computing* (Second ed.). Sebastopol, Calif.: O'Reilly Media. ISBN 978-0-596-51447-1.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| (U+5C22) "lame" | |
| Pronunciations | |
| Pinyin: | wāng |
| Bopomofo: | ㄨㄤ |
| Wade–Giles: | wang1 |
| Cantonese Yale: | wōng |
| Jyutping: | wong1 |
| Pe̍h-ōe-jī: | ong |
| Japanese Kana: | オウ ō (on'yomi) |
| Sino-Korean: | 왕 wang |
| Names | |
| Chinese name(s): | 尤字旁 yóuzìpáng |
| Japanese name(s): | 曲足/まげあし mageashi
大の曲足/だいのまげあし dainomageashi
尢繞/おうにょう ōnyō |
| Hangul: | 절음발이 jeoreumbari |
| Stroke order animation | |
|  | |


title: Gorni Koriten

abstract: Gorni Koriten is a village in Treklyano Municipality, Kyustendil Province, south-western Bulgaria. The village is located between the mountains Kobilskata, Milevskata and Penkovkata mountain.

text:
# Gorni Koriten

**Gorni Koriten** is a village in Treklyano Municipality, Kyustendil Province, south-western Bulgaria. The village is located between the mountains Kobilskata (peak Chardack - 1312m), Milevskata (peak Milevets - 1733m) and Penkovkata mountain (Konski peak 1187m).

## InfoBox

| Gorni Koriten Горни Коритен | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Gorni Koriten | |
| Coordinates: 42°30′16″N 22°34′19″E / 42.5044°N 22.5719°E / 42.5044; 22.5719 | |
| Country | Bulgaria |
| Province | Kyustendil Province |
| Municipality | Treklyano |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


title: Netrakona Stadium

abstract: Netrakona Stadium is a football stadium located by the Alia Madrasha, Netrakona, Bangladesh.

text:
# Netrakona Stadium

**Netrakona Stadium** is a football stadium located by the *Alia Madrasha*, Netrakona, Bangladesh.

24°53′09.71″N 90°43′25.70″E / 24.8860306°N 90.7238056°E / 24.8860306; 90.7238056

## InfoBox

Netrakona Stadium
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Netrakona, Bangladesh |
| Owner | National Sports Council |
| Operator | National Sports Council |
| Capacity | 15,000 |
| Surface | Grass |
| Tenants | |
| Netrakona Football Team | |


title: North Manchester Jamia Mosque

abstract: North Manchester Jamia Mosque is a mosque in the Cheetham Hill area of Manchester, run under the headship of Qamaruzzaman Azmi by the Ibadur-Rahman Trust. It is one of the largest Muslim centres in Europe. The mosque is open to all, and its main prayer halls currently hold between 2,500 and 3,000 people during a Friday service, with over 15,000 worshippers walking through the Mosque's doors during the multiple services held on the religious festivals of Eid.

text:
# North Manchester Jamia Mosque

**North Manchester Jamia Mosque** is a mosque (Arabic: مسجد جمعيه شمال مانشستر ) in the Cheetham Hill area of Manchester, run under the headship of Qamaruzzaman Azmi by the Ibadur-Rahman Trust. It is one of the largest Muslim centres in Europe.

The mosque is open to all, and its main prayer halls currently hold between 2,500 and 3,000 people during a Friday service, with over 15,000 worshippers walking through the Mosque's doors during the multiple services held on the religious festivals of Eid.

## History

The North Manchester Jamia Mosque was started in 1975 by Qamaruzzaman Azmi, an Islamic thinker, orator, and writer.

In 1975, Azmi began giving Dars-e-Quran at Shah Jalal Mosque (1A Eileen Grove, Rusholme) near Wilmslow Road, Manchester by travelling from Bradford every week. At that time, there were few Sunni Mosques in Manchester. Within a short period of time, the Victoria Park Mosque appointed a Sunni Imam.

In 1979, the North Manchester Jamia Mosque started off under the leadership of Azmi at 25 Bellot Street, Cheetham Hill, Manchester which was a house converted into a mosque. As the facilities at this building were very limited and the growing population of Muslims needed facilities for Islamic activities on a larger scale, a plot of land was purchased in 1982 and the first phase of the mosque, consisting of the main prayer hall providing prayer facilities for 1,200 men and women, was completed in 1984. The second phase consisting of a College of Islamic Studies and additional prayer facilities for 1,200 people was built in the 1990s.

The current third phase of the project is a major complex that will allow the mosque to hold prayer facilities for up to 10,000 people, a community hall, Imams' residence, a mortuary, office, library, and guest rooms.

## Impact

Since its establishment, North Manchester Jamia Mosque remains the primary Muslim organisation in the north of Manchester and a focal point for the Manchester Muslim community, providing education for children and adults, lectures and seminars, mortuary, library along with daily prayer facilities. Professor Waqar Ahmed, who is the Chair of Nanotechnology and Advanced Manufacturing and Head of Institute of Nanotechnology and Bioengineering as well as Leader of Nanomedicine and Nanoengineering Research Group at the University of Central Lancashire, wrote in the book *Tajalliyat-e-Qamar*:

Prime Minister David Cameron along with Faiths Minister Baroness Sayeeda Warsi met with Chief Imam of the North Manchester Jamia Mosque, Allama Qamaruzzaman Azmi. It was his first visit to a UK mosque since he took power. Baroness Warsi said: “Jamia Mosque is a fantastic example of a model Mosque that reaches out to its community, providing vital services to the local Muslim population."

## Students of the College

There are well over 200 students enrolled at different levels. Scholars of the college include Waqar Azmi, UK Government's former Chief Diversity Adviser, Cabinet Office.

53°30′38″N 2°14′35″W / 53.5106°N 2.2431°W / 53.5106; -2.2431

## InfoBox

| North Manchester Jamia Mosque
and
College of Islamic Studies | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Islam |
| Branch/tradition | Sunni |
| Location | |
| Location | 3 Woodlands Road, Cheetham Hill, Manchester, M8 9LF, UK. Tel: 0161 740 3696 |
| Architecture | |
| Type | Mosque |
| Website | |
| Official website | |


title: New Freezer

abstract: "New Freezer" is a song by American rapper Rich the Kid featuring fellow American rapper Kendrick Lamar, released on September 26. 2017. Written alongside producer Ben Jayne, it was released as the lead single from Rich the Kid's debut album The World Is Yours (2018). The original version featured A$AP Ferg and MadeinTYO. A$AP Ferg revealed in 2019 that Lamar agreed to feature on the track on the condition that he would be the only feature.

text:
# New Freezer

"**New Freezer**" is a song by American rapper Rich the Kid featuring fellow American rapper Kendrick Lamar, released on September 26. 2017. Written alongside producer Ben Jayne, it was released as the lead single from Rich the Kid's debut album *The World Is Yours* (2018). The original version featured A$AP Ferg and MadeinTYO. A$AP Ferg revealed in 2019 that Lamar agreed to feature on the track on the condition that he would be the only feature.

## Background

The song's demo surfaced online in September 2017, shortly before the final version with Kendrick Lamar was released. Rapper A$AP Ferg who was originally featured on the song was later excluded, and he revealed in August 2019 that Lamar insisted on being the only feature on the song if it were to be released. Ferg said, however, he was happy the song catapulted Rich the Kid's career in the end.

## Critical reception

Natalie Maher of *Billboard* called the song a "head-snapping cut".

## Live performances

The artists performed the song live at the 2018 Brit Awards, with Lamar standing on top of a glass box as Rich smashed a luxury car in front of the crowd.

## Remixes

Lil Wayne and Gudda Gudda recorded a remix of the song for Wayne's mixtape *Dedication 6*.

## Charts

### Weekly charts

| Chart (2017–18) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 66 |
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 41 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (*Billboard*) | 20 |
| US Rhythmic (*Billboard*) | 40 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2018) | Position |
| --- | --- |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (*Billboard*) | 54 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Platinum | 80,000 |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 200,000 |
| United States (RIAA) | 2× Platinum | 2,000,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label(s) | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | September 26, 2017 | Digital download |  |  |
| | November 21, 2017 | Rhythmic contemporary | * Interscope |  |

## InfoBox

| "New Freezer" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Rich the Kid featuring Kendrick Lamar | |
| from the album  *The World Is Yours* | |
| Released | September 26, 2017 |
| Recorded | 2016–17 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 3:14 |
| Label | Interscope |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Ben Jayne |
| Rich the Kid singles chronology | |
| "Cookies & Sherbert"
(2017) "**New Freezer**"
(2017) "Plug Walk"
(2018) | |
|  | |
| Kendrick Lamar singles chronology | |
| "Loyalty"
(2017) "**New Freezer**"
(2017) "Love"
(2017) | |
| Music video | |
| "New Freezer" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Woodrow M. Kroll

abstract: Woodrow Michael Kroll is an evangelical preacher and radio host. He was the president and Bible teacher for the international Back to the Bible radio and television ministry. He was president of Davis College in Johnson City, New York, United States. In addition to preaching and teaching, Kroll is a prolific writer, having authored more than 50 books expounding on the Bible and Christian living.

text:
# Woodrow M. Kroll

**Woodrow Michael Kroll** (born October 21, 1944) is an evangelical preacher and radio host. He was the president and Bible teacher for the international *Back to the Bible* radio and television ministry. He was president of Davis College (formerly Practical Bible College) in Johnson City, New York, United States.

In addition to preaching and teaching, Kroll is a prolific writer, having authored more than 50 books expounding on the Bible and Christian living.

## Background and education

Kroll was born to Frank and Betty Kroll in Ellwood City, Pennsylvania. His father, Reverend Frank Kroll, attended Practical Bible Training School (as it was then called) from 1936 to 1939 and pastored the Park Gate Baptist Church in Ellwood City for thirty-three years. Kroll followed in his father's footsteps and attended Practical Bible Training School from 1962 to 1965.

Kroll earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1967 from Barrington College. He then studied at Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, earning a Master of Divinity degree in 1970. He earned the Master of Theology and Doctor of Theology degrees from Geneva-St. Albans Theological Seminary. Kroll did post-graduate studies at Harvard Divinity School, Princeton Theological Seminary, the University of Virginia, and the University of Strasbourg in France.

He is married to the former Linda Piper. Their son Timothy has followed his father and grandfather in ministry and is the senior pastor at Northside Baptist Church in St. Petersburg, Florida since 2005.

## Ministry and teaching career

Kroll began his ministry as the pastor of First Baptist Church in Middleboro, Massachusetts (19681970). He then taught at Practical Bible Training School (now Davis College) 19711973. From 1975 to 1980, he chaired the Division of Religion at Liberty University in Lynchburg, Virginia. On January 17, 1981, Kroll was inaugurated as president of Practical Bible Training School, also teaching Bible and preaching while serving as president.

During Kroll's presidency, the school obtained accreditation from the Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools (TRACS) and the American Association of Bible Colleges (AABC, now the Association for Biblical Higher Education). He also developed the administration, curriculum, and much of the school's structure as it exists today, now as Davis College. Kroll resigned on April 27, 1990, to become President and Senior Bible Teacher of the Back to the Bible international radio ministry.

## *Back to the Bible*

Begun in 1939 by Theodore Epp on radio station KFOR (AM) in Lincoln, Nebraska, the Back to the Bible broadcast became a worldwide ministry by the time its founder retired in 1981. Epp was succeeded by Warren W. Wiersbe, former pastor of Moody Church in Chicago, Illinois, who served as leader of the Lincoln, Nebraska-based ministry between 19811989. Dr. Kroll was inaugurated in 1990 as the third president of *Back to the Bible*, the position he held until 2013. During his 23 years of service to *Back to the Bible* the ministry outreach grew. At the time of his retirement, Woodrow Kroll was heard daily on 1250 radio stations in the United States and anywhere in the world the English language was spoken.

## The HELIOS Projects

Upon retirement from radio, Woodrow Kroll founded a ministry that gave an outlet for his 50 years of teaching and ministry experience. WKMinistries launched **The HELIOS Projects** in 2014. Each project was written and recorded personally by Dr. Kroll. The first project is **HELIOS CT** "'**Talking Thru the Christian Faith'**". In 199 sessions, each 20-22 minutes long, Kroll uses a conversational style as if he were sitting across an imaginary table to guide the listener into knowing what Christians believe and why they believe it. In **HELIOS GS** "Telling God's Story" he retells 372 stories from the Bible, drawing out spiritual insights and practical lessons from each. **HELIOS FF** "*Foundations of the Faith*" is a more remedial approach to understanding what Christians believe for those who may not yet be literate. Using either a USB, an app, print, or a solar-powered handheld device, **The HELIOS Projects** are designed to put *A Bible and Christian faith education right in your hand.*

## Books authored by Kroll

Among the more than 50 books Kroll has written on the Bible and Christian living are:

1. Balmer, Randall (2001-02-19). "The Wireless Gospel". *Christianity Today*. Retrieved 2007-12-18.
2. Floyd Hays Barackman (2005). *History of Practical Bible Training School: Davis College*.
3. "President's Page". Back to the Bible. 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-10.
4. Moore, Waveney Ann (31 August 2005). "Northside Baptist names head pastor". *St. Petersburg Times*. Retrieved 26 May 2016.

## InfoBox

| Woodrow Kroll | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1944-10-21) October 21, 1944
Ellwood City, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Education | Th. D., Th. M, Geneva-St. Albans Theological Seminary
M. Div, Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary |
| Spouse | Linda Piper |
| Children | Tracy, Timothy, Tina, and Tiffany |
| Parent(s) | Frank and Betty Kroll |
|  | |
| Congregations served | First Baptist Church in Middleboro, Massachusetts
*Back to the Bible*
daily radio program (19902013) |
| Offices held | President of Practical Bible College (now Davis College), 1981-1990 |
|  | |


title: Microcotyle omani

abstract: Microcotyle omani is a species of monogenean, parasitic on the gills of a marine fish. It belongs to the family Microcotylidae.

text:
# Microcotyle omani

***Microcotyle omani*** is a species of monogenean, parasitic on the gills of a marine fish. It belongs to the family Microcotylidae.

## Systematics

*Microcotyle omani* was first described as based on 20 specimens from the gills of the santer seabream *Cheimerius nufar* (Sparidae) as *Microcotyle omanae*. The correlations between 15 morphometric characters and body length was investigated in *Microcotyle omani*, as well as and their significance for species differentiation.

## Morphology

*Microcotyle omani* has the general morphology of all species of *Microcotyle*, with a symmetrical fusiform elongate body, comprising an anterior part which contains most organs and a posterior part called the haptor. The haptor is subsymmetrical, and bears 94–120 clamps, arranged as two equal rows, one on each side. The clamps of the haptor attach the animal to the gill of the fish. There are also two oval septal buccal suckers at the anterior extremity. The digestive organs include an anterior, terminal mouth, a subcircular pharynx, an oesophagus with lateral diverticula and a posterior intestine bifurcating at the level of the genital atrium into two lateral branches provided with numerous secondary branches; its left branch extends into the haptor. Each adult contains male and female reproductive organs. The reproductive organs include an anterior large inverted heart-shaped genital atrium, armed with numerous spines, a medio-dorsal vagina, a single ovary in form of question-mark and 34–55 testes, irregular in shape and size and generally occurring in 2–4 interleaved rows, intercaecal, in the posterior half of the body proper. The eggs are fusiform, with 2 long filaments bearing strongly curled tips.

## Differential diagnosis

*Microcotyle omani* closely resembles *Microcotyle arripis*, *Microcotyle helotes*, *Microcotyle caudata* and *Microcotyle sebastis*, found in the Indo-Pacific. It differs from *M. arripis*, *M. helotes* and *M. caudata* by the number of testes, from *M. arripis*, *M. helotes* by the genital atrium, and length/width ratio of the genital atrium and length of the eggs, and from *M. helotes* in greater width of the clamps, from *M. caudata* and *M. sebastis* by the number of clamps and the ratio between length and width of the genital atrium.

## Etymology

The species name refers to Oman, the type-locality of the species.

## Hosts and localities

The type-host and only recorded host is the santer seabream *Cheimerius nufar* (Sparidae). The type-locality and only recorded locality is off Oman.

## InfoBox

| *Microcotyle omani* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Platyhelminthes |
| Class: | Monogenea |
| Order: | Mazocraeidea |
| Family: | Microcotylidae |
| Genus: | *Microcotyle* |
| Species: | ***M. omani*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Microcotyle omani***<br>Machkewskyi, Dmitrieva, Al-Jufaili & Al-Mazrooei, 2013 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Microcotyle omanae* Machkewskyi, Dmitrieva, Al-Jufaili & Al-Mazrooei, 2013 | |


abstract: The 1914–15 Dartmouth men's ice hockey season was the 10th season of play for the program.

text:
# 1914–15 Dartmouth men's ice hockey season

The **1914–15 Dartmouth men's ice hockey season** was the 10th season of play for the program.

## Season

After two very successful seasons it appeared that Dartmouth was going to have a down year when it dropped its first two games of the season. The loss to defending Canadian champion Ottawa wasn't unexpected and it gave the team a good foundation when they began their season with a 4-2 win over MAC. After defeating defending champion Princeton 4–1 the team entered a showdown with Harvard which was expected to determine the champion for the season.

Despite not being part of the big three, Dartmouth had challenged the powers over the previous two seasons but the team had yet to defeat the Crimson. In their ninth meeting, the Greens finally broke through on the strength of a hat-trick from Wanamaker and dispatched Harvard. After a succeeding win over MIT, Dartmouth entered their final collegiate game of the season against Yale with a championship waiting on the other side. Unfortunately, the Elis were equal to the task and the two fought to a 1-1 draw after 40 minutes. The teams agreed to two 5-minute overtime periods and, after Yale scored in the first, Dartmouth began pressing to even the score in the second. Unfortunately the Greens were called for a penalty and the Elis scored twice with the man-advantage to put the game out of reach.

Dartmouth lost their final game almost three weeks later, but it was the loss to Yale that was dire. Losing to the Elis meant that Dartmouth could not claim the championship but, because Harvard had triumphed over Yale, none of the three teams could lay claim to the title. There was a brief attempt to schedule additional for the three at the end of the year but because Harvard had already disbanded their team, nothing came to fruition.

Note: Dartmouth College did not possess a moniker for its athletic teams until the 1920s, however, the university had adopted 'Dartmouth Green' as its school color in 1866.

## Roster

| No. | S/P/C | Player | Class | Pos | Height | Weight | DoB | Hometown | Previous team |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | **John P. Bowler** | Senior |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **George C. Currier** | Sophomore |  |  |  | 1895-09-21 | Arlington, Massachusetts |  |
|  |  | **Lewis H. Cousens** | Junior |  |  |  | 1894-04-05 | Arlington, Massachusetts | Arlington Catholic |
|  |  | **Arthur I. Donahue** | Senior |  |  |  |  | Medford, Massachusetts |  |
|  |  | **Howard Fahey** | Senior |  | 5' 7" (1.7 m) | 146 lb (66 kg) | 1892-06-24 | Medford, Massachusetts |  |
|  |  | **Burton L. Gale Jr.** | Sophomore | RW |  |  | 1894-12-05 | Warren, Pennsylvania |  |
|  |  | **Carl N. Holmes** | Junior | LW |  |  |  | Somerville, Massachusetts |  |
|  |  | **Harris F. Murchie** | Junior |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **Wendell G. Reycroft** | Sophomore |  |  |  | 1894-05-11 | Arlington, Massachusetts | Arlington High School |
|  |  | **Leon P. Tuck** () | Senior | / | 5' 9" (1.75 m) | 181 lb (82 kg) | 1891-05-25 | Winchester, Massachusetts |  |
|  |  | **Ralph Tyler** | Sophomore | /RW |  |  |  | Exeter, New Hampshire |  |
|  |  | **Clarence L. Wanamaker** | Senior |  |  |  |  | Melrose, Massachusetts |  |
|  |  | **Lawrence A. Whitney** | Senior |  |  |  | 1891-02-02 | Millbury, Massachusetts |  |

## Standings

|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Intercollegiate | | | | | | |  | Overall | | | | | |
| | GP | W | L | T | PCT. | GF | GA | | GP | W | L | T | GF | GA |
| Army | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | **.000** | 3 | 11 |  | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 7 | 13 |
| Columbia | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | **.500** | 7 | 16 |  | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 16 |
| Cornell | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | **.250** | 11 | 17 |  | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 11 | 17 |
| Dartmouth | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | **.800** | 16 | 10 |  | 7 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 20 | 17 |
| Harvard | 9 | 8 | 1 | 0 | **.889** | 49 | 16 |  | 13 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 51 | 22 |
| Massachusetts Agricultural | 10 | 5 | 5 | 0 | **.500** | 32 | 22 |  | 10 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 32 | 22 |
| MIT | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | **.000** | 6 | 20 |  | 6 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 28 |
| Princeton | 9 | 4 | 5 | 0 | **.444** | 17 | 24 |  | 12 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 28 | 34 |
| Rensselaer | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | **.000** | 0 | 14 |  | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 14 |
| Trinity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Williams | 7 | 4 | 3 | 0 | **.571** | 14 | 17 |  | 7 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 14 | 17 |
| WPI |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Yale | 10 | 7 | 3 | 0 | **.700** | 32 | 21 |  | 16 | 9 | 7 | 0 | 56 | 43 |
| YMCA College |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

## Schedule and results

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Record |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Regular Season** | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 25 | at Ottawa* | Dey's ArenaOttawa, Ontario | **L** 2–3 OT | 0–1–0 |
| December 31 | vs. Massachusetts Agricultural* | Boston ArenaBoston, Massachusetts | **W** 4–2 | 1–1–0 |
| January 13 | vs. Princeton* | Boston ArenaBoston, Massachusetts | **W** 4–1 | 2–1–0 |
| January 20 | at Harvard* | Boston ArenaBoston, Massachusetts | **W** 4–2 | 3–1–0 |
| February 4 | vs. MIT* | Occom Pond • Hanover, New Hampshire | **W** 4–1 | 4–1–0 |
| February 8 | at Yale* | New Haven ArenaNew Haven, Connecticut | **L** 1–4 2OT | 4–2–0 |
| February 27 | at St. Nicholas Hockey Club* | St. Nicholas RinkNew York, New York | **L** 1–4 | 4–3–0 |
| \*Non-conference game. | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 1914–15 Dartmouth
men's ice hockey season | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Conference | Independent |
| Home ice | Occom Pond |
| Record | |
| Overall | 4–3–0 |
| Home | 1–0–0 |
| Road | 1–3–0 |
| Neutral | 2–0–0 |
| Coaches and captains | |
| Head coach | Fred Rocque |
| Captain(s) | Leon Tuck |
| **Dartmouth men's ice hockey seasons**
« 1913–14 1915–16 » | |


title: Murfeld

abstract: Murfeld was the southernmost municipality of the Austrian district of Südoststeiermark. As of January 1, 2020, the Municipality was split between the Municipalities of Sankt Veit am Vogau and Straß in Steiermark, to the east, in the district of Leibnitz. The Catastral Subdivision of Seibersdorf bei Sankt Veit (289) merged with Sankt Veit am Vogau. The Catastral Subdivisions of Lichendorf (494), Oberschwarza (152), Unterschwarza (213) and Weitersfeld (527) merged with Straß in Steiermark. (Murfeld is also the name of a different place: a township in the Liebenau district of Graz.) Murfeld municipality is known for its gorgeous landscape, the Murradwanderweg, its agriculture, a tiny grocery store and the widely known Murfähre.

text:
# Murfeld

**Murfeld** was the southernmost municipality of the Austrian district of Südoststeiermark. As of January 1, 2020, the Municipality was split between the Municipalities of Sankt Veit am Vogau (new code 61060) (to the north) and Straß in Steiermark (new code 61061), to the east, in the district of Leibnitz. The Catastral Subdivision of Seibersdorf bei Sankt Veit (289) merged with Sankt Veit am Vogau. The Catastral Subdivisions of Lichendorf (494), Oberschwarza (152), Unterschwarza (213) and Weitersfeld (527) merged with Straß in Steiermark.

(**Murfeld** is also the name of a different place: a township in the Liebenau district of Graz.)

Murfeld municipality is known for its gorgeous landscape, the *Murradwanderweg* (a trail for bicycles along the River Mur), its agriculture, a tiny grocery store and the widely known *Murfähre* (a ferry across the River Mur).

## Former Subdivisions

* Lichendorf (494)
* Oberschwarza (152)
* Seibersdorf bei Sankt Veit (289)
* Unterschwarza (213)
* Weitersfeld (527)

Murfeld is the name of the municipality, it is not named after a settlement. Therefore, there is no town called Murfeld.

## Population

Historical population
| Year Pop. ±%  1869 1,788       1880 1,899 +6.2%  1890 1,924 +1.3%  1900 1,847 −4.0%  1910 1,934 +4.7%  1923 1,920 −0.7%  1934 1,944 +1.2%  1939 1,833 −5.7%  1951 1,899 +3.6% | Year Pop. ±%  1961 1,731 −8.8%  1971 1,809 +4.5%  1981 1,727 −4.5%  1991 1,695 −1.9%  2001 1,704 +0.5%  2012 1,666 −2.2%  2013 1,682 +1.0%  2015 1,655 −1.6% |
| --- | --- |

## Politics

### Municipal Council

The Municipal council consists of 15 members and since 2015 of the following mandates:

* 6 ÖVP \- sets the mayor
* 5 Bürgerliste Murfeld - sets the financial representative
* 3 SPÖ
* 1 FPÖ

## Communities and organisations

### Fire department

The fire department of Oberschwarza is responsible to guard Oberschwarza and Seibersdorf. In 2007 the fire departments of Oberschwarza and Unterschwarza finished constructing a new fire-station, which was built jointly by both fire departments. The following fire departments are present in Murfeld:

* FF Lichendof
* FF Weitersfeld
* FF Unterschwarza
* FF Oberschwarza

### Sports clubs

* SVU Romann Murfeld
* SG Oberschwarza
* Sportgemeinschaft Seibersdorf
* ESV Seibersdorf
* ESV Unterschwarza
* ESV Weitersfeld

### Charity clubs

* Murfelder Adventlauf

## InfoBox

| Murfeld | |
| --- | --- |
| Former municipality | |
|  | |
| MurfeldLocation within Austria | |
| Coordinates: 46°42′45″N 15°41′47″E / 46.71250°N 15.69639°E / 46.71250; 15.69639 | |
| Country | Austria |
| State | Styria |
| District | Südoststeiermark |
| Area | |
| Total | 24.21 km2 (9.35 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 244 m (801 ft) |
| Population (2018-01-01) | |
| Total | 1,645 |
| Density | 68/km2 (180/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 8473, 8471, 8423 |
| Area code | +43 3472, +43 3453 |
| Vehicle registration | SO |
| Website | www.murfeld.at |


title: Woodrow Memorial Presbyterian Church

abstract: Woodrow Memorial Presbyterian Church is a historic church in Columbia, South Carolina. The church was built in 1885 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. In addition to its National Register of Historic Places status, it falls within the boundaries of Waverly Protection Area, a Preservation District within the City of Columbia Urban Design and Historic Preservation District system, as well as in Waverly Historic District.

text:
# Woodrow Memorial Presbyterian Church

**Woodrow Memorial Presbyterian Church** (also known as **Bishop's Memorial A.M.E. Church**) is a historic church in Columbia, South Carolina.

The church was built in 1885 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. In addition to its National Register of Historic Places status, it falls within the boundaries of Waverly Protection Area, a Preservation District within the City of Columbia Urban Design and Historic Preservation District system, as well as in Waverly Historic District.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Woodrow Memorial Presbyterian Church | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 2221 Washington St.,<br>Columbia, South Carolina |
| Coordinates | 34°0′34″N 81°1′5″W / 34.00944°N 81.01806°W / 34.00944; -81.01806 |
| Area | 0.2 acres (0.081 ha) |
| Built | 1885 |
| MPS | Columbia MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 79003366 |
| Added to NRHP | March 2, 1979 |


title: Muiredach Tirech

abstract: Muiredach Tirech son of Fiacha Sraibhtine, was a semi-legendary High King of Ireland of the fourth century. He gained power by exiling the three Collas, who had killed his father. The Collas later returned and tried to provoke him into trying to kill them. When he did not, they entered his service and led his armies. He was overthrown by Cáelbad. “In the beginning of the fourth century, Muiredeach Tireach, High King of Ireland, directed his nephews, the three Collas, to face north and win sword land for themselves. On the ruins of the old kingdom of Uladh they founded a new kingdom—of Airgíalla—which was henceforth for nearly a thousand years to play an important part in the history of Ireland, and which was possessed afterwards by their descendants, the MacMahons, O'Hanlons, O'Carrolls, and Maguires.” According to the Lebor Gabála Érenn and its derivative works Muiredach Tírech was the father of Eochaid Mugmedón, High King of Ireland, and therefore grandfather of Niall of the Nine Hostages and ancestor of the Uí Néill and Connachta dynasties.

text:
# Muiredach Tirech

**Muiredach Tirech** son of Fiacha Sraibhtine, was a semi-legendary High King of Ireland of the fourth century. He gained power by exiling the three Collas, who had killed his father. The Collas later returned and tried to provoke him into trying to kill them. When he did not, they entered his service and led his armies. He was overthrown by Cáelbad. “In the beginning of the fourth century, Muiredeach Tireach, High King of Ireland, directed his nephews, the three Collas, to face north and win sword land for themselves. On the ruins of the old kingdom of Uladh they founded a new kingdom—of Airgíalla—which was henceforth for nearly a thousand years to play an important part in the history of Ireland, and which was possessed afterwards by their descendants, the MacMahons, O'Hanlons, O'Carrolls, and Maguires.”

According to the *Lebor Gabála Érenn* and its derivative works Muiredach Tírech was the father of Eochaid Mugmedón, High King of Ireland, and therefore grandfather of Niall of the Nine Hostages and ancestor of the Uí Néill and Connachta dynasties.


title: Worriers (band)

abstract: Worriers are an American melodic punk band from Brooklyn, New York. The band’s music is centered on the songwriting of Lauren Denitzio, the former vocalist/guitarist of The Measure (SA). Primarily a solo project, Worriers has also featured a rotating line-up of both touring musicians and in-studio contributors. The live iteration of Worriers currently includes drummer Atom Willard, lead guitarist Frank Piegaro and bassist Allegra Anka. Alumni of the group includes Rachel Rubino, Audrey Zee Whitesides, Nick Psillas, John McLean, JP Flexner and Denitzio's ex-wife Lou Hanman, among others. They have released records on Don Giovanni, No Idea, SideOneDummy, 6131 Records, Yo-Yo Records, and Ernest Jenning Record Co. In 2015 Worriers enlisted Laura Jane Grace of Against Me! to produce their album Imaginary Life. The band signed with SideOneDummy Records in June 2017, and released their second album Survival Pop in September of that year. Their newest record, Warm Blanket, was released on Ernest Jenning April 2023.

text:
# Worriers (band)

**Worriers** are an American melodic punk band from Brooklyn, New York. The band’s music is centered on the songwriting of Lauren Denitzio, the former vocalist/guitarist of The Measure (SA). Primarily a solo project, Worriers has also featured a rotating line-up of both touring musicians and in-studio contributors. The live iteration of Worriers currently includes drummer Atom Willard, lead guitarist Frank Piegaro and bassist Allegra Anka. Alumni of the group includes Rachel Rubino, Audrey Zee Whitesides, Nick Psillas, John McLean, JP Flexner and Denitzio's ex-wife Lou Hanman, among others. They have released records on Don Giovanni, No Idea, SideOneDummy, 6131 Records, Yo-Yo Records, and Ernest Jenning Record Co.

In 2015 Worriers enlisted Laura Jane Grace of Against Me! to produce their album *Imaginary Life*. The band signed with SideOneDummy Records in June 2017, and released their second album *Survival Pop* in September of that year. Their newest record, *Warm Blanket*, was released on Ernest Jenning April 2023.

## History

Worriers was formed by singer, guitarist, and songwriter Lauren Denitzio in 2011, following the end of The Measure \[SA\]. Denitzio had also found work as a visual artist, graphic designer and author – work that they continue to this day. The band released their first single "Past Lives" on No Idea Records in May 2011. It served as the title track to a three-track 7-inch EP released that September, which featured the digital bonus track "Made to Mend". Denitzio was joined on this recording by lead guitarist Mike Hunchback, bassist Dan Oestreich and drummer Jonathan Johansen.

2013 saw the release of two EPs from the project: *Cruel Optimist* via Don Giovanni Records in October, and *Sinead O'Rebellion* via Yo-Yo Records in November. For these recordings, Denitzio was joined by guitarist Rachel Rubino, bassist Tim Burke and drummer Mike Yannich (Mikey Erg). In 2015, Worriers released their debut studio album *Imaginary Life*. All songs were written solely by Denitzio, and produced by Laura Jane Grace of Against Me! For this record, the Worriers lineup included Denitzio, Rubino, Yannich, guitarist John McLean and bassist Audrey Zee Whitesides, with Lou Hanman of UK punk band Caves guesting on backing vocals.

The band signed with SideOneDummy Records in June 2017, and released their second album *Survival Pop* in September of that year. For this record Denitzio was backed by Hanman on guitar, Nick Psillas on bass, and Mikey Erg on drums. With the scaling back of SideOneDummy's operations in early 2018, the band re-released the album with 6131 Records with the addition of two new songs.

On December 12, 2019 Worriers announced they would be releasing a third album titled *You or Someone You Know*, again with 6131 Records, on March 6, 2020. For this record the lineup beyond Denitzio again included Psillas and Erg, with the addition of Frank Piegaro (ex-Ensign) on guitar. The record was produced by John Agnello. On May 21, 2021, it was announced the band contributed a cover of the Rancid song "Old Friend" to Lavasock Records' tribute to Rancid's album *...And Out Come the Wolves* titled *...And Out Come the Lawsuits*.

On January 19, 2023, Worriers announced a new full-length album, *Warm Blanket*, would be released by Ernest Jenning Record Co. on April 7. It was entirely recorded and mixed by Denitzio at home – other than drums contributed remotely by Atom Willard, formerly of bands such as Against Me! and Social Distortion. Along with the announcement was the release of lead single "Pollen In The Air", co-written with David Combs of Bad Moves and The Max Levine Ensemble.

On June 26, 2023, roughly six months after the announcement of *Warm Blanket*, Denitzio revealed that a second Worriers album would be released that year on September 15 entitled *Trust Your Gut*. In contrast to *Warm Blanket*'s solo homemade recording process, *Trust Your Gut* was recorded in a studio with the current touring band line-up, in addition to The Hold Steady keyboardist Franz Nicolay. The title track of the album was released to coincide with the album announcement, with a music video inspired by the film *Empire Records*.

## Discography

### Albums

| Year | Title | Label |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 | *Imaginary Life* | Don Giovanni Records |
|
| 2017 | *Survival Pop* | SideOneDummy Records / 6131 Records |
| 2020 | *You or Someone You Know* | 6131 Records |
| 2023 | *Warm Blanket* | Ernest Jenning Record Co. |
| | *Trust Your Gut* | |
|

### EPs

| Year | Title | Label | Format |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2011 | *Past Lives* | No Idea Records | 7" vinyl |
| 2013 | *Sinead O'Rebellion* | Yo-Yo Records | 7" vinyl |
| 2013 | *Cruel Optimist* | Don Giovanni Records | 12" vinyl, Digital |
| 2021 | *The Old Friends EP* | Bruiser Worldwide | Digital |
|

## InfoBox

| Worriers | |
| --- | --- |
| Worriers in 2024 | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Brooklyn, New York, United States |
| Genres | Punk rock |
| Years active | 2011 – Present |
| Labels | Don Giovanni
SideOneDummy Records
Ernest Jenning Record Co. |
|  | |
| Members | Lauren Denitzio
**with:**
Atom Willard
Frank Piegaro
Allegra Anka |
|  | |
| Past members | Mikey Erg
John McLean
Rachel Rubino
Lou Hanman
Audrey Zee Whitesides
Nick Psillas
JP Flexner |


title: Mr. No Legs

abstract: Mr. No Legs is a 1978 American action drama exploitation film directed by Ricou Browning and written by Jack Cowden.

text:
# Mr. No Legs

***Mr. No Legs*** (also known as ***Gun Fighter***) is a 1978 American action drama exploitation film directed by Ricou Browning and written by Jack Cowden.

## Premise

When Andy's sister's death is staged to look like an overdose, Andy and fellow policeman Chuck investigate the situation and link it to a drug importing ring involving Florida drug kingpin D'Angelo and his enforcer Mr. No Legs, who uses a wheelchair and is armed with two shotguns built into his chair armrests.

## Cast

## Production

Director Ricou Browning and screenwriter Jack Cowden were previously co-creators of the 1960s TV series *Flipper*.

Director Ricou Browning would later recall how he got involved in the film, saying "The producer called me and asked if I would be interested in working on a film with him. I said 'Yep' and went over and met with him. He said, '...we have an idea for a script and a story and we would like you to get involved.' I said, 'OK I'll get Jack Cowden whose  \[*sic*\] my brother-in-law and helped me write "Flipper", to help write your show.' So Jack went over there and met with him and wrote the screenplay "Mister No Legs." I directed it and brought in a few actors that I knew, and we made that film."

The film features taekwondo sequences, courtesy of the martial artist and real-life double amputee Ted Vollrath, who portrays the title character of Mr. No Legs. *Mr. No Legs* was filmed in Tampa, Florida in 1975 under the working title of *Killers Die Hard*. Actor John Agar recalled that his check for the film bounced and that he never was paid by the producer. Director Browning also recalled in regards of Ron Slinker that "The actor playing the part of \[Andy\] was acting for the first time and was a friend of the producer of the film. Richard \[Jaeckel\] helped him with his acting, showing him all the ropes all the way through the film."

The movie received a marginal release in Europe under the titles of *Gun Fighter* and *Destructor*.

## Reception

Gene Freese's *Richard Jaeckel, Hollywood's Man of Character* describes the film as "as evocative of 1970s low-budget action cinema as can be found," and described Jaeckel's role thus: "Despite the low budget, Jaeckel delivers a typically professional performance in which his likable personality shines through as the good cop who looks out for his partner Ron Slinker." The book also collects a review from the website *Cult Movie Forums*, saying "The always likable Richard Jaeckel is a decent lead."

Clive Davies's *Spinegrinder: The Movies Most Critics Won't Write About* writes of the film (under the title *The Amazing Mr. No Legs*) that "This obscurity is awful, but will be enjoyed by fans of bad cinema (and has a great title)."

In a tongue-in-cheek review, Matt Rotman in *Bonkers Ass Cinema* states that "a cult oddity forever only available on VHS and DVD bootlegs, *Mr. No Legs* has taunted exploitation fetishists for decades for decades," and jokingly compares its tagline ("Don't cross him or he'll cut you down to size") with the siren's song in the *Odyssey*, stating "Much like Odysseus spent a lifetime getting home, *Flipper* creators Ricou Browning and Jack Cowden waited their entire lives to make this film. I'm kidding, of course, but what is *Mr. No Legs*, if not the obvious product of a passion project—or at the very least, the fulfillment of some destiny willed by the gods themselves? Both men could have lain low, living off that sweet dolphin money, but no. They pooled together their resources, called in every favor, and made...*this* movie?" Rotman ultimately concludes, "The movie itself is fine. Richard Jaeckel (of *The Green Slime* fame) add some much-needed charm, for his screen partner, Ron Slinker is a bit of a stinker. \[...\] Held together by some rather eye-popping set pieces (a race war dust up in a bar with a drag queen and little person comes to mind), *Mr. No Legs* keeps a nice pace, even rewarding the viewer with a gratuitous, 10-minute car chase. And I mean gratuious literally: the plot has wrapped up completely before the chase begins, rendering the entire affair meaningless. But then again, who am I to complain abour superflous shit?"

## InfoBox

| Mr. No Legs | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Directed by | Ricou Browning |
| Written by | Jack Cowden |
| Produced by | George Roberts |
| Starring | Richard Jaeckel
Ron Slinker
Lloyd Bochner
Ted Vollrath |
| Cinematography | Paul Rubinstein |
| Edited by | Oscar Barber
Angelo Ross |
| Release date | * 14 March 1978 (1978-03-14) |
| Running time | 90 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Worthington's Range

abstract: Worthington's Range, "Howard's Chance", "Howard's Range", or "Tierney Gambrel Roof House", is a historic slave plantation located between Clarksville, Columbia and Simpsonville in Howard County, Maryland, United States. Rachel Worthington settled the site in 1753, carving out 369 acres of "Worthington's Range" from her husbands existing slave plantation. The house is the birthplace of Paul Griffith Stromberg. The "Miller Cemetery" lies about two hundred feet Northwest from the house. It was destroyed by arson in 1977. In 2014, former Howard County Department of Planning and Zoning director's firm Land Design and Development petitioned the planning board to subdivide the historic property and cemetery for a 150 unit housing development called "Enclave at Tierney Farm". Density was increased by having the county extend sewer service to the rural property. The project was delayed a single year because of an indefinite lack of school capacity in the region.

text:
# Worthington's Range

**Worthington's Range**, "Howard's Chance", "Howard's Range", or "Tierney Gambrel Roof House", is a historic slave plantation located between Clarksville, Columbia and Simpsonville in Howard County, Maryland, United States.

Rachel Worthington ( - 1776) settled the site in 1753, carving out 369 acres of "Worthington's Range" from her husbands existing slave plantation. The house is the birthplace of Paul Griffith Stromberg. The "Miller Cemetery" lies about two hundred feet Northwest from the house. It was destroyed by arson in 1977.

In 2014, former Howard County Department of Planning and Zoning director's firm Land Design and Development petitioned the planning board to subdivide the historic property and cemetery for a 150 unit housing development called "Enclave at Tierney Farm". Density was increased by having the county extend sewer service to the rural property. The project was delayed a single year because of an indefinite lack of school capacity in the region.

## InfoBox

| Worthington's Range | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of Worthington's Range in Maryland | |
| Nearest city | Clarksville, Maryland |
| Coordinates | 39°12′07″N 76°56′31″W / 39.20194°N 76.94194°W / 39.20194; -76.94194 |
| Architectural style(s) | Log house, Gambrel |
|  | |


title: Multimodal anthropology

abstract: Multimodal anthropology is an emerging subfield of social cultural anthropology that encompasses anthropological research and knowledge production across multiple traditional and new media platforms and practices including film, video, photography, theatre, design, podcast, mobile apps, interactive games, web-based social networking, immersive 360 video and augmented reality. As characterized in American Anthropologist, multimodal anthropology is an "anthropology that works across multiple media, but one that also engages in public anthropology and collaborative anthropology through a field of differentially linked media platforms". A multimodal approach also encourages anthropologists to reconsider the ways in which they conduct their research, to pay close attention to the role various media technologies and digital devices plays in the lives of their interlocutors, and how they these technologies redefine what fieldwork looks like. Scholars Collins, Durington, and Gill call it "anthropology that works across multiple media." It's not just about doing research alone; it's also about working with others and looking at how we do research in new ways. Multimodal anthropology has been growing since the early days of anthropology, changing along with new technology. It's not just about pictures anymore; now it includes things like podcasts, interactive designs, and even storytelling. Collins, Durington, and Gill say that multimodal anthropology adds to visual anthropology instead of replacing it, recognizing how media keeps evolving. Journals like "entanglements: experiments in multimodal ethnography," led by Nolas and Varvantakis, show a strong dedication to exploring all the different sides of multimodal research, encouraging scholars to think differently and embrace the rich experiences of studying people and cultures.

text:
# Multimodal anthropology

**Multimodal anthropology** is an emerging subfield of social cultural anthropology that encompasses anthropological research and knowledge production across multiple traditional and new media platforms and practices including film, video, photography, theatre, design, podcast, mobile apps, interactive games, web-based social networking, immersive 360 video and augmented reality. As characterized in *American Anthropologist*, multimodal anthropology is an "anthropology that works across multiple media, but one that also engages in public anthropology and collaborative anthropology through a field of differentially linked media platforms" (Collins, Durington & Gill). A multimodal approach also encourages anthropologists to reconsider the ways in which they conduct their research, to pay close attention to the role various media technologies and digital devices plays in the lives of their interlocutors, and how they these technologies redefine what fieldwork looks like. Scholars Collins, Durington, and Gill call it "anthropology that works across multiple media." It's not just about doing research alone; it's also about working with others and looking at how we do research in new ways. Multimodal anthropology has been growing since the early days of anthropology, changing along with new technology. It's not just about pictures anymore; now it includes things like podcasts, interactive designs, and even storytelling. Collins, Durington, and Gill say that multimodal anthropology adds to visual anthropology instead of replacing it, recognizing how media keeps evolving. Journals like "entanglements: experiments in multimodal ethnography," led by Nolas and Varvantakis, show a strong dedication to exploring all the different sides of multimodal research, encouraging scholars to think differently and embrace the rich experiences of studying people and cultures.

## History and background

Multimodal anthropology is not a new concept. It has been a fundamental part of anthropological research and fieldwork from the early days of the discipline. Anthropologists have been experimenting with different forms media technologies throughout the twentieth century whenever confronted with the limitation of text-based ethnography. Multimodal is a term that has readily been used since the 1970s in varied disciplines as psychotherapy, phonetics, genetics, literature and medicine to characterize different approaches to carrying out scientific research that involves to a certain degree, thinking outside of the box. In the early 1990s, semioticians used the terms to discuss different forms of communication across different media, eventually including digital media.

Technological advances in the later part of the twentieth century, the accessibility to photography, film cameras and audio recorders led to the emergence of visual anthropology as a sub discipline dedicated to the study and production of ethnographic photography, film and media. Building in this legacy, multimodal anthropology seeks to expand the boundaries of visual anthropology to incorporate emerging technologies of twenty-first century including mobile networking, social media, geo-mapping, virtual reality, podcasting, interactive design, along with other traditional forms of learning and knowledge production like art and drawing that were often sidelined within visual anthropology, such as interactive gaming, theatre, performance, graphic novels, ethnofiction and experimental ethnography. As Samuel Collins, Matthew Durington and Harjant Gill note in their introductory essay "Multimodality: An Invitation", published in *American Anthropologist*, "multimodal anthropologies does not attempt – or desire – to supplant visual anthropology. Rather it seeks to include traditional forms of visual anthropology while simultaneously broadening the purview of the discipline to engage in variety of media forms that exist today."

In 2018 the journal *entanglements: experiments in multimodal ethnography* was first published, aiming to explore and advance the subfield. The journal is online and open access and is co-edited by Melissa Nolas and Christos Varvantakis. In the inaugural editorial the editors stated that "we aim to engage with some of the challenges and questions that contemporary multimodal ethnographic practice throws up: What knowledge do multimodal and multimedia encounters generate? What languages are available to researchers to describe the coming together of different modes and media? What are the everyday practices involved in such convergences and divergences? How might these encounters themselves be described?" Furthermore, "research is often an attempt to disentangle everyday experiences, those of our interlocutors as well as our encounters with them, and multimodality is no exception here. The analytical approaches of the social sciences tend towards the creation of order out of complexity asking us to categorise and organise our experiences and data in issues, themes, narratives and discourses. The messy actuality of practice, with its sensory dimensions and emotional hues, is often lost in this process (Ingold 2011). What if a different logic guided our analytical and practice endeavours?"

## Further reading


title: Wusterhausen

abstract: Wusterhausen is a municipality in the Ostprignitz-Ruppin district, in northwestern Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated on the river Dosse, 7 km southeast of Kyritz, and 75 km northwest of Berlin.

text:
# Wusterhausen

**Wusterhausen** (German pronunciation: \[vʊstɐˈhaʊ̯zn̩\]; official name **Wusterhausen/Dosse**) is a municipality in the Ostprignitz-Ruppin district, in northwestern Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated on the river Dosse, 7 km southeast of Kyritz, and 75 km northwest of Berlin.

## History

From 1815 to 1945, Wusterhausen was part of the Prussian Province of Brandenburg. From 1952 to 1990, it was part of the Bezirk Potsdam of East Germany.

## Demography

Wusterhausen/Dosse: Population development
within the current boundaries (2020)
| Year Pop. ±% p.a.  1875  8,144       1890  8,151 +0.01%  1910  7,673 −0.30%  1925  7,912 +0.20%  1939  7,619 −0.27%  1950  11,550 +3.85%  1964  8,590 −2.09% | Year Pop. ±% p.a.  1971  8,338 −0.42%  1981  7,561 −0.97%  1985  7,447 −0.38%  1990  7,266 −0.49%  1995  7,097 −0.47%  2000  6,857 −0.69%  2005  6,584 −0.81% | Year Pop. ±% p.a.  2010  6,227 −1.11%  2015  6,013 −0.70%  2016  5,955 −0.96%  2017  5,885 −1.18%  2018  5,807 −1.33%  2019  5,761 −0.79%  2020  5,755 −0.10% |
| --- | --- | --- |

## People

## InfoBox

| Wusterhausen | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Church in Nackel | |
|  | |
| Location of Wusterhausen within Ostprignitz-Ruppin district | |
| Wusterhausen Wusterhausen | |
| Coordinates: 52°52′59″N 12°28′00″E / 52.88306°N 12.46667°E / 52.88306; 12.46667 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Brandenburg |
| District | Ostprignitz-Ruppin |
| Government | |
| Mayor (201826) | Philipp Schulz (Ind.) |
| Area | |
| Total | 195.42 km2 (75.45 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 33 m (108 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 5,854 |
| Density | 30/km2 (78/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 16868 |
| Dialling codes | 033979 |
| Vehicle registration | OPR |
| Website | www.wusterhausen.de |


title: Wusterhusen

abstract: Wusterhusen is a municipality in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

text:
# Wusterhusen

**Wusterhusen** is a municipality in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

## InfoBox

| Wusterhusen | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Wusterhusen village church | |
| Location of Wusterhusen within Vorpommern-Greifswald district | |
| Wusterhusen Wusterhusen | |
| Coordinates: 54°07′N 13°37′E / 54.117°N 13.617°E / 54.117; 13.617 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Mecklenburg-Vorpommern |
| District | Vorpommern-Greifswald |
| Municipal assoc. | Lubmin |
| Subdivisions | 5 |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Burkhard Köpnick |
| Area | |
| Total | 19.08 km2 (7.37 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 35 m (115 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 1,094 |
| Density | 57/km2 (150/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 17509 |
| Dialling codes | 038354 |
| Vehicle registration | VG |
| Website | www.amtlubmin.de |


title: Wusterwitz

abstract: Wusterwitz is a municipality in the Potsdam-Mittelmark district, in Brandenburg, Germany. Wusterwitz has a population of approximately 3,000 inhabitants.

text:
# Wusterwitz

**Wusterwitz** is a municipality in the Potsdam-Mittelmark district, in Brandenburg, Germany. Wusterwitz has a population of approximately 3,000 inhabitants.

## Demography

Wusterwitz: Population development
within the current boundaries (2013)
| Year Pop. ±% p.a.  1875  1,000       1890  1,300 +1.76%  1910  1,800 +1.64%  1925  2,674 +2.67%  1933  3,101 +1.87%  1939  3,725 +3.10%  1946  4,706 +3.40%  1950  4,613 −0.50%  1964  3,694 −1.57%  1971  3,435 −1.03%  1981  3,123 −0.95%  1985  2,991 −1.07%  1989  2,853 −1.17%  1990  2,790 −2.21%  1991  2,749 −1.47%  1992  2,741 −0.29%  1993  2,789 +1.75%  1994  2,774 −0.54%  1995  2,809 +1.26%  1996  2,836 +0.96% | Year Pop. ±% p.a.  1997  2,847 +0.39%  1998  2,936 +3.13%  1999  2,992 +1.91%  2000  3,095 +3.44%  2001  3,083 −0.39%  2002  3,133 +1.62%  2003  3,159 +0.83%  2004  3,162 +0.09%  2005  3,155 −0.22%  2006  3,172 +0.54%  2007  3,140 −1.01%  2008  3,117 −0.73%  2009  3,130 +0.42%  2010  3,151 +0.67%  2011  3,082 −2.19%  2012  3,070 −0.39%  2013  3,063 −0.23%  2014  3,066 +0.10%  2015  3,029 −1.21%  2016  3,042 +0.43% |
| --- | --- |

## Personalities

* Engelbert Wusterwitz (1385-1433), chronicler of the Brandenburg story, his family came from Großwusterwitz
* Werner Nothe (born 1938), politician (SED), 1989 to 1990 Lord Mayor of Magdeburg, born in Großwusterwitz

## InfoBox

| Wusterwitz | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Location of Wusterwitz within Potsdam-Mittelmark district | |
| Wusterwitz Wusterwitz | |
| Coordinates: 52°22′59″N 12°24′00″E / 52.38306°N 12.40000°E / 52.38306; 12.40000 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Brandenburg |
| District | Potsdam-Mittelmark |
| Municipal assoc. | Wusterwitz |
| Government | |
| Mayor (202429) | Ramona Mayer |
| Area | |
| Total | 23.43 km2 (9.05 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 29 m (95 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 3,070 |
| Density | 130/km2 (340/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 14789 |
| Dialling codes | 033839 |
| Vehicle registration | PM |


title: Grace Ly

abstract: Grace Ly is a French writer, podcaster and anti-racist and feminist activist.

text:
# Grace Ly

**Grace Ly** (born in 1979) is a French writer, podcaster and anti-racist and feminist activist.

## Early life

Ly's parents are Cambodian Chinese. They fled the Khmer Rouge regime and arrived to France in the 1970s. In Grenoble, her father initially ran an Asian food restaurant. Ly and her family were the only Asians in their neighborhood. When Ly was 6 years old, her family moved to Paris. Ly studied law and subsequently worked for eight years for an entertainment company, in France and in London. She however did not find the corporate job fulfilling.

## Focus on stereotypes about Asians

In 2011, Ly launched the blog *Petite Banane* (*Little Banana*) dedicated to food. The blog evolved from food to also discuss racial stereotypes that are associated with Asian food and Asian communities more broadly. This led Ly to launch the web-series *Ça reste entre nous* (*It Stays Between Us*). In her work, Ly denounces the model minority myth and the corrosive effect of positive stereotypes often associated with the Asian community in France. Imitating accents is one form of casual racism that Ly considers as offensive. Ly's first novel *Une jeune fille modèle* (*A model young girl*) was published in 2018. The book is a work of fiction inspired by her personal story.

## Anti-racist work

In 2018 Ly launched the podcast *Kiffe Ta Race* (*Love Your Race*) together with the French journalist Rokhaya Diallo. Ly cites among her influences author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.

## InfoBox

| Grace Ly | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 1979 (1979)<br>Grenoble, France |
| Occupation(s) | writer, podcaster, activist |
| Website | La Petite Banane |


title: North Dakota Highway 40

abstract: North Dakota Highway 40 is a north–south highway located in northwestern North Dakota. The 63.450-mile-long (102.113 km) route traverses an area from US Highway 2 near Tioga, in eastern Williams County, to the Canadian border where it continues as Saskatchewan Highway 47 (Hwy 47) in northern Divide County.

text:
# North Dakota Highway 40

**North Dakota Highway 40** (**ND 40**) is a north–south highway located in northwestern North Dakota. The 63.450-mile-long (102.113 km) route traverses an area from US Highway 2 (US 2) near Tioga, in eastern Williams County, to the Canadian border where it continues as Saskatchewan Highway 47 (Hwy 47) in northern Divide County.

## Route description

ND 40 begins at a junction with US 2 south of Tioga, in eastern Williams County. It passes through that town and then begins a brief concurrency with ND 50 in McGregor.

ND 40 and ND 50 together enter Burke County. ND 40 leaves the concurrency in Battleview by turning northward to ND 5 in Columbus, and then turns west to run concurrently with that highway.

ND 40, with ND 5, enters Divide County, and then ND 40 leaves the concurrency with a turn at Noonan, 15 miles (24 km) east of Crosby. While in Noonan, it crosses an alignment of railroad tracks before continuing north. About seven miles (11 km) later, ND 40 ends at the Canadian border. The road continues beyond the port of entry and the Noonan-Estevan Highway Border Crossing as Hwy 47 on its way to Estevan, Saskatchewan.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Williams |  | 0.000 | 0.000 | US 2 Williston, Stanley, Minot | Southern terminus |
| |  | 16.239 | 26.134 |
ND 50 west McGregor, Wildrose | Southern end of ND 50 concurrency |
| Burke |  | 23.221 | 37.371 |
ND 50 east Powers Lake | Northern end of ND 50 concurrency |
| | Columbus | 46.105 | 74.199 |
ND 5 east Lignite | Southern end of ND 5 concurrency |
| Divide | Noonan | 56.077 | 90.247 |
ND 5 west Crosby | Northern end of ND 5 concurrency |
| |  | 63.450 | 102.113 | Highway 47 | Northern terminus, continues north as Hwy 47 |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/North Dakota Highway 40KML is not from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| North Dakota Highway 40 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by NDDOT | |
| Length | 63.450 mi (102.113 km) |
| Existed | 1926–present |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | US 2 near Tioga, North Dakota |
| Major intersections |  |
| North end | Highway 47 at the Canadian border |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | North Dakota |
| Counties | Williams, Burke, Divide |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
| * **North Dakota State Highway System** | |
| ND 38   ND 41 | |


title: New Jersey Volunteers

abstract: The New Jersey Volunteers, also known as Jersey Volunteers, "Skinners", Skinner's Corps, and Skinner's Greens, were a British provincial military unit of Loyalists, raised for service by Cortlandt Skinner, during the American Revolutionary War.

text:
# New Jersey Volunteers

The **New Jersey Volunteers**, also known as **Jersey Volunteers**, "**Skinners**", **Skinner's Corps**, and **Skinner's Greens** (due to their green wool uniform coats), were a British provincial military unit of Loyalists, raised for service by Cortlandt Skinner, during the American Revolutionary War.

## Regiment formed in Province of New York

In 1776, some American loyalist soldiers formed the New Jersey Volunteers, which was raised in the Province of New York, first as three battalions, and eventually as six, of 500 men each.

## Garrison duty

The New Jersey Volunteers experienced combat first at the Battle of Long Island, during the British Campaign of New York offensive and after the defeat and flight of the Patriot forces, and was assigned to the initial British garrison of the occupation army, in New York City.

## Campaigns

Brigadier General Cortlandt Skinner performed regular operations, in the region north of New York City, in Westchester County, New York, between Morrisania and the Croton Rivers, which was known as the "Neutral Ground". Lawlessness and guerrilla warfare occurred between Skinner's "Skinners", marauders and their rivals, the British loyalist raiders, De Lancey's "Cowboys" who, both, stole cattle, looted, and gathered military intelligence, in the New York countryside.

One battalion of New Jersey Volunteers was later sent to East Florida, assisting with the capture of Savannah; others served in the Battles of Eutaw Springs and King's Mountain, with a detachment participating with the Siege of Yorktown.

On September 6, 1781, the 3rd Battalion, New Jersey Volunteers, participated with the raid on New London, Connecticut, commanded by Brigadier General Benedict Arnold, and fought at the Battle of Groton Heights.

## Regiment disbanded and resettled in British Canada

In 1783, after the British lost the war, the New Jersey Volunteers regiment was disbanded in the loyalist settlement of Digby, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick in British Canada.

* Crary, Catherine S. "Guerrilla Activities of James De Lancey's Cowboys in Westchester County: Conventional Warfare or Self-Interested Freebooting?" *In The Loyalist Americans: A Focus on Greater New York*. Tarrytown, NY: Sleepy Hollow Restorations, 1975.
* Diamant, Lincoln (September 1987). *Skinners: Patriot "Friends" or Loyalist "Foes"* (PDF). Vol. 4, Number 2. `{{cite book}}`: `|work=` ignored (help)
* Gue Belle Willey and John D. Felter (1922). *The Neutral Ground*. Boston: Stratford Company. p. . revolutionary war neutral ground.
* Kemble, Lieut. Col. Stephen. *Journals of Lieut. Col. Stephen Kemble, 1773-1789: And British Army Orders: Gen. Sir William Howe, 1775-1778; Gen. Sir Henry Clinton, 1778; and Gen. Daniel Jones, 1778, American Revolutionary series: British accounts of the American Revolution, British accounts of the American Revolution, Volume 16 of Collections of the New-York Historical Society for the year ...* New York: Ardent Media, 1972.
* Lossing, Benson J. *The Pictorial Field Book of the Revolution*, 2 vols. Reprint, Rutland, VT.: C. E. Tuttle Co., (1851) 1972.
* Shenstone, Susan Burgess. *So Obstinately Loyal: James Moody, 1744-1809*. Montreal: McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 2001.
* Stryker, William Scudder. *"The New Jersey Volunteers" (loyalists) in the Revolutionary War*. Trenton, NJ: Naar, Day & Naar, 1887.
* Ward, Harry M. *Between the Lines: Banditti of the American Revolution*. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 2002.

## InfoBox

| New Jersey Volunteers (Skinner's Greens) | |
| --- | --- |
| James Moody, 5th Battalion New Jersey Volunteers. | |
| Active | 1776-1783 |
| Country | Great Britain |
| Allegiance | British Army |
| Branch | British Provincial unit |
| Type | dragoons (mounted infantry), (auxiliary troops) |
| Role | intelligence, special operations, maneuver warfare, guerrilla warfare, light infantry, cavalry light infantry, cavalry, cattle raiding |
| Size | six battalions (500 each), regiment (1,800) |
| Garrison/HQ | New York City, Province of New York |
| Nickname(s) | Jersey Volunteers, Skinner's Corps, Skinner's Greens, Skinners |
| Engagements | American Revolutionary War Battle of Long Island (1776) |
| Commanders | |
| Notable<br>commanders |  |


title: New Jersey Vietnam Veterans' Memorial

abstract: The New Jersey Vietnam Veterans' Memorial in Holmdel Township, New Jersey is a monument honoring New Jersey natives who served in the Vietnam War, especially the 1,562 men and one woman who lost their lives or went missing in action. Dedicated in 1995, the Memorial is located on the grounds of the PNC Bank Arts Center. It is adjacent to the Vietnam Era Museum and Educational Center.

text:
# New Jersey Vietnam Veterans' Memorial

The **New Jersey Vietnam Veterans' Memorial** in Holmdel Township, New Jersey is a monument honoring New Jersey natives who served in the Vietnam War, especially the 1,562 men and one woman who lost their lives or went missing in action. Dedicated in 1995, the Memorial is located on the grounds of the PNC Bank Arts Center. It is adjacent to the Vietnam Era Museum and Educational Center.

## History

On January 21, 1986, New Jersey Governor Thomas Kean signed legislation appropriating $25,000 to administer a statewide competition for the design of a Vietnam veterans' memorial. The legislation also created the New Jersey Vietnam Veterans’ Memorial Committee, which was tasked with selecting the location for the memorial, raising funds for its construction, and holding a competition for the design of the memorial.

The Holmdel site was selected in 1986 and dedicated in 1987. From 1987 to 1988, a design contest was held; more than 400 entries were submitted. The winning design, submitted by Hien Nguyen, was chosen in 1988. Nguyen is a Vietnamese-American architect who fled Vietnam in 1975.

Gov. Kean held groundbreaking ceremonies at the site on May 7, 1989. In May 1991, three statues to be included in the memorial were unveiled in Trenton; they were sculpted by Thomas Jay Warren. Construction on the memorial began on November 19, 1991. The memorial was dedicated on May 7, 1995. The May 7, 1995 date was chosen because it was the 20th anniversary of the end of the Vietnam War.

## Description

The memorial is an open-air circular pavilion, 200 feet (61 m) in diameter. Around the entire outside are 366 8-foot-tall (2.4 m) black granite panels, each one representing a day of the year. The casualties are listed according to what day they were killed. In the middle of the circular pavilion is a red oak, the state tree of New Jersey. This tree provides shade for three statues, one of a dying soldier, one of a nurse tending to his wounds, and one soldier standing at their sides. They represent those who died, the women in the war, and those who came back safely, respectively. They also represent multiple nationalities as the fallen soldier is white, the standing soldier is African American, and the nurse is Latino.

The stone panels are arranged so they are about 12 feet (3.7 m) higher than the inner courtyard. The ten stairways and two ramps leading up to them intersect, as the designer did not want the pathways for the handicapped separate. These ramps are arranged in a double helix, each one ascending to the top in half of the circle. The two entrances to the memorial are tunnels, symbolizing the trip the soldiers took to Vietnam. The memorial is oriented so that the May Seventh panel, the day the war ended, points towards Vietnam.

## Museum and Educational Center

The Vietnam Era Museum and Educational Center is adjacent to the memorial. According to one of the officials here, the state asked the designer of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. what she would do over again given the chance to redesign the memorial. She said that, without an educational center explaining the war and turmoil in the country at that time, a memorial could be meaningless to passerby. This is the rationale for the existence of the facility. In 2010, the name of the center was changed from "Vietnam Era Educational Center" was changed to "Vietnam Era Museum & Educational Center".

The Vietnam Era Museum and Educational Center was dedicated in September 1998. The 5,000-square-foot (460 m2) facility had a construction budget of $3.5 million; it was intended to provide a balanced view of the controversial war. When opened it was the only museum of its kind in the United States.

## InfoBox

| New Jersey Vietnam Veterans' Memorial | |
| --- | --- |
| United States | |
|  | |
| For New Jersey veterans of the Vietnam War | |
| Established | 1995 |
| Location | 40.389222°N 74.175514°W
1 Memorial Lane, Holmdel, New Jersey |
| Website | https://www.njvvmf.org/ |


title: Midnight Masquerade

abstract: Midnight Masquerade is a 2014 American/Canadian romantic comedy. It was directed by Graeme Campbell and starred Autumn Reeser and Christopher Russell, premiering on Hallmark Channel on October 26, 2014.

text:
# Midnight Masquerade

***Midnight Masquerade*** is a 2014 American/Canadian romantic comedy. It was directed by Graeme Campbell and starred Autumn Reeser and Christopher Russell, premiering on Hallmark Channel on October 26, 2014.

## Plot

In this modern-day reverse Cinderella story, a young and naive lawyer, exploited by his boss, gets his life turned around after meeting the beautiful Elyse Samford, CEO of a candy company. Their first date takes place at the annual Halloween masquerade ball.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| *Midnight Masquerade* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Romantic Comedy |
| Written by | Patricia Resnick |
| Directed by | Graeme Campbell |
| Starring | Autumn Reeser
Christopher Russell
Richard Burgi |
| Country of origin | United States
Canada |
| Original language | English |
| Production | |
| Running time | 90 minutes |
| Production company | Domino Productions |
| Original release | |
| Release | October 26, 2014 (2014-10-26) |


title: Marlène Jobert

abstract: Marlène Jobert is a French actress and author.

text:
# Marlène Jobert

**Marlène Jobert** (born 4 November 1940) is a French actress and author.

## Life and career

Jobert was born in Algiers, French Algeria, to a Jewish mother, Eliane Azulay and Charles Jobert, who served in the French Air Force. She came to Metropolitan France aged eight.

Jobert debuted as an actress on stage and television. In 1968, she achieved stardom by playing starring roles in the successful comedies *Faut pas prendre les enfants du bon Dieu pour des canards sauvages* and *L'Astragale*. She co-starred with Charles Bronson in *Rider on the Rain* and with Jean-Paul Belmondo in *The Married Couple of the Year Two*. During the 1970s, Jobert was one of France's popular movie actresses. But during the next decade, she gradually withdrew from film work and concentrated on a new career in children's literature. She is the author and/or narrator of (mainly children's) audio books. She also has written a series of books which cautiously lead on to the appreciation of classical music, e.g. of Mozart, Chopin, and Tchaikovsky.

Jobert and spouse Swedish dental surgeon Dr Walter Green have twin daughters: Eva Green, who is also an actress, and Joy Green, who is a horse breeder in Italy. Her niece Joséphine Jobert is an actress known for the television show *Death in Paradise*.

## Selected filmography

## InfoBox

| Marlène Jobert | |
| --- | --- |
| Marlène Jobert in 2012 | |
| Born | (1940-11-04) 4 November 1940
Algiers, Algeria |
| Nationality | French |
| Occupation(s) | Actress, author |
| Years active | 1966–1998 |
| Spouse | Walter Green |
| Children | 2, including Eva Green |
| Relatives | Elsa Lunghini (niece)
Joséphine Jobert (niece) |


title: List of museums in Monaco

abstract: This list of museums in Monaco contains museums which are defined for this context as institutions that collect and care for objects of cultural, artistic, scientific, or historical interest and make their collections or related exhibits available for public viewing. To use the sortable table, click on the icons at the top of each column to sort that column in alphabetical order; click again for reverse alphabetical order.

text:
# List of museums in Monaco

This **list of museums in Monaco** contains museums which are defined for this context as institutions (including nonprofit organizations, government entities, and private businesses) that collect and care for objects of cultural, artistic, scientific, or historical interest and make their collections or related exhibits available for public viewing.

*To use the sortable table, click on the icons at the top of each column to sort that column in alphabetical order; click again for reverse alphabetical order.*

| Name | Image | District | Type | Summary | Coordinates |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Monaco Top Cars Collection |  | La Condamine | Automobile | A collection of historic cars assembled by Prince Rainier III of Monaco. | 43°44′07″N 7°25′19″E / 43.7354011°N 7.4218114°E / 43.7354011; 7.4218114 |
| Museum of Old Monaco |  | Monaco-Ville | Monegasque heritage |  | 43°43′53.43″N 7°25′32.27″E / 43.7315083°N 7.4256306°E / 43.7315083; 7.4256306 |
| Museum of the Chapel of Visitation |  | Monaco-Ville | Art | A collection of Old Master paintings in a former Roman Catholic chapel. | 43°43′52.98″N 7°25′31.89″E / 43.7313833°N 7.4255250°E / 43.7313833; 7.4255250 |
| Museum of Prehistoric Anthropology |  | Les Révoires | Anthropological |  | 43°43′58″N 7°24′49.65″E / 43.73278°N 7.4137917°E / 43.73278; 7.4137917 |
| Museum of Stamps and Coins |  | Fontvieille | Numismatic and philately |  | 43°43′51.13″N 7°25′3.51″E / 43.7308694°N 7.4176417°E / 43.7308694; 7.4176417 |
| New National Museum of Monaco |  | Les Révoires and Monte-Carlo | Modern art |  | 43°43′57.54″N 7°24′49.3″E / 43.7326500°N 7.413694°E / 43.7326500; 7.413694 (Villa Paloma)<br>43°44′39.9″N 7°25′49.65″E / 43.744417°N 7.4304583°E / 43.744417; 7.4304583 (Villa Sauber) |
| Oceanographic Museum |  | Monaco-Ville | Aquarium/Oceanography |  | 43°43′50.29″N 7°25′32.29″E / 43.7306361°N 7.4256361°E / 43.7306361; 7.4256361 |
| Monaco Naval Museum |  | Fontvieille | Naval museum |  | 43°43′48.51″N 7°25′0.24″E / 43.7301417°N 7.4167333°E / 43.7301417; 7.4167333 |
|


title: Murfatlar Cave Complex

abstract: The Basarabi-Murfatlar Cave Complex is a medieval Christian monastery located near the town of Murfatlar, Constanța County, Northern Dobruja, Romania. The complex is a relict from a widespread monastic phenomenon in 10th century Bulgaria.

text:
# Murfatlar Cave Complex

The **Basarabi-Murfatlar Cave Complex** is a medieval Christian monastery located near the town of Murfatlar (known as Basarabi between 1924–1965 and 1975–2007), Constanța County, Northern Dobruja, Romania. The complex is a relict from a widespread monastic phenomenon in 10th century Bulgaria.

## History

The rock churches of Murflatlar, carved into a chalk hill, were discovered in 1957. The excavations conducted in 1957–1960 uncovered a complex of cells-dwellings, 4 small and 2 larger churches, crypts and tombs, all dating from the 9th – 11th century. From the late 7th until beginning of the 11th century this territory was part of the First Bulgarian Empire.

## Inscriptions

There are many inscriptions engraved on the walls – 2 in the Greek alphabet, 2 in the Old Slavonic language (*Bulgarian recension*) using the Glagolitic script and over 30 using the Cyrillic script. The most numerous are the runic inscriptions of Turkic type – over 60 have been found so far. The same type of runes have been used on the Pliska Rosette and can be found on building materials and on the 9th century walls of the first Bulgarian capital Pliska. The Turkic runes in Murfatlar were based probably on the Kharosthi script. The language of the runes is presumably Bulgar. According to Romanian researchers, some graffiti, including depicting a Viking ships, were interpreted as Varangian. However, they could have been carved by the local monks during the Rus' invasion of Bulgaria. Despite numerous attempts at cracking the Murfatlar script, there still is not a universally accepted decipherment, and it is rather heterogeneous. Nevertheless, it is most likely that local monks drew their inspiration here.


title: World Federation of Industry Workers

abstract: The World Federation of Industry Workers (WFIW) was a global union federation representing workers in a range of primary and secondary industries. The federation was formed on 14 October 1985, when the International Federation of Christian Miners' Unions merged with the International Federation for the Graphical Industries, the World Federation of Energy, Chemical and Various Industry Workers' Unions, and the World Federation for the Metallurgic Industry. Like all its predecessors, the union affiliated to the World Confederation of Labour (WCL). In 2004, the federation began discussing a merger with the International Federation of Chemical, Energy, Mine and General Workers' Unions (ICEM), an affiliate of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU). The WCL merged with the ICFTU in 2007, and the WFTW finalised its merger into ICEM in 2007.

text:
# World Federation of Industry Workers

The **World Federation of Industry Workers** (WFIW) was a global union federation representing workers in a range of primary and secondary industries.

The federation was formed on 14 October 1985, when the International Federation of Christian Miners' Unions merged with the International Federation for the Graphical Industries, the World Federation of Energy, Chemical and Various Industry Workers' Unions, and the World Federation for the Metallurgic Industry. Like all its predecessors, the union affiliated to the World Confederation of Labour (WCL).

In 2004, the federation began discussing a merger with the International Federation of Chemical, Energy, Mine and General Workers' Unions (ICEM), an affiliate of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU). The WCL merged with the ICFTU in 2007, and the WFTW finalised its merger into ICEM in 2007.

## General Secretaries

1985: Jos Vandecruys c.1988: Ernesto Molano 1998: Fons van Genechten 2002: Italo Rodomonti

## Presidents

1998: Doekle Terpstra 1999: Jaap Wienen 2002: Bart Bruggeman  1. "World Federation of Industry Workers (WFIW)". *UIA Yearbook*. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
2. "WFIW Dissolution Congress Prepares Integration of its Affiliates in the ICEM". *IndustriALL*. Retrieved 7 April 2020.