title: Frank I. Frayne

abstract: Frank Ivers Frayne was a popular American actor and sharpshooter most notable for accidentally killing his fiancée on stage in a botched stunt. Frayne was known for doing shooting stunts during his stage performances, including most famously shooting an apple off the head of another actor reminiscent of William Tell, and also while standing backward and using a mirror to aim, in a piece called Si Slocum. Tragically he killed his fiancée Annie Von Behren doing this stunt at a show in Cincinnatii in 1882 when his firearm malfunctioned. He was arrested and tried for manslaughter, but exonerated at trial. Frayne died at his apartment in Chicago on March 16, 1891, of heart failure.

text:
# Frank I. Frayne

**Frank Ivers Frayne** (March 19, 1839 – March 16, 1891) was a popular American actor and sharpshooter most notable for accidentally killing his fiancée on stage in a botched stunt.

Frayne was known for doing shooting stunts during his stage performances, including most famously shooting an apple off the head of another actor reminiscent of William Tell, and also while standing backward and using a mirror to aim, in a piece called *Si Slocum*. Tragically he killed his fiancée Annie Von Behren doing this stunt at a show in Cincinnatii in 1882 when his firearm malfunctioned. He was arrested and tried for manslaughter, but exonerated at trial.

Frayne died at his apartment in Chicago on March 16, 1891, of heart failure.

## InfoBox

| Frank I. Frayne | |
| --- | --- |
| Frayne circa 1879, in *Si Slocum* the piece in which he killed Annie Von Behren. | |
| Born | Danville, Kentucky |
| Died | March 16, 1891(1891-03-16) (aged 51)<br>Chicago, Illinois |
| Resting place | Mount Greenwood Cemetery |
| Occupation(s) | sharpshooter, actor |


title: My Struggle II

abstract: "My Struggle II" is the sixth episode and season finale of the tenth season of The X-Files. Written and directed by Chris Carter, it aired on February 22, 2016, on Fox. The tagline for this episode is "This Is the End".

text:
# My Struggle II

"**My Struggle II**" is the sixth episode and season finale of the tenth season of *The X-Files*. Written and directed by Chris Carter, it aired on February 22, 2016, on Fox. The tagline for this episode is "This Is the End".

## Plot

Six weeks after the events of "My Struggle", Scully arrives at FBI headquarters to find that Mulder has disappeared after watching an excerpt from Tad O'Malley's online news broadcast (which had been revived). As Scully informs Skinner and Einstein of Mulder's absence, Mulder attempts to leave Washington—visibly unwell and badly bruised.

Back in Washington, D.C., Scully receives a phone call from O'Malley, who has arrived at Mulder's house for a pre-arranged meeting and found signs of a struggle. O'Malley explains that he suspects that alien DNA has been injected into every American citizen in order to facilitate the widespread outbreak of the Spartan Virus. Designed to strip humans of their immune systems, this contagion quickly manifests itself nationwide, with Scully and Einstein noting a sharp increase in the number of patients admitted to hospitals and triage centers.

Miller finds a phone-tracking app on Mulder's computer, notes his position in Spartanburg, South Carolina, and leaves Washington in order to track him down, while Einstein questions Scully's medical theories. Scully, accepting that Einstein may be correct, receives a phone-call from former X-Files agent Monica Reyes (Annabeth Gish), who asks to meet, claiming that she knows how to develop a vaccine.

During their meeting, Reyes reveals that, shortly after the closure of the X-Files, she was contacted by the badly injured Cigarette Smoking Man, who had survived the confrontation in New Mexico. Cigarette Smoking Man offers to secure Reyes a place among the designated survivors of the end-times, in exchange for Reyes' assistance in the colonization effort. Reyes departs the FBI shortly thereafter, and is absent when Scully "looks her up" in 2016. Reyes also reveals that she has spent the past twelve years assisting Cigarette Smoking Man and that Scully will survive the coming apocalypse due to her alien DNA that was given to her through her abductions and the experiments performed on her, one of the "chosen elite".

Scully and Einstein attempt to develop a vaccine using Scully's DNA. Scully realizes that she is being protected from the contagion by the alien genomes that remained after she was abducted and experimented on. It is the absence of alien DNA that makes everybody else susceptible. Mulder, meanwhile, approaches Cigarette Smoking Man, who offers him a chance to survive the outbreak. Mulder declines, and is found by Miller, who returns him to Washington with the hope of finding a cure.

O'Malley tells the nation that a friend, a doctor, has informed him of the existence of a vaccine.

After administering a vaccine to Einstein, Scully travels to Mulder and Miller's location, finding them at the 14th Street Bridge. She realizes that Mulder is too badly ill to survive without a stem cell transplant. When Miller asks how this will be possible, Scully replies that William, their son, will have to be the donor. While Scully and Miller discuss Mulder's prognosis, Mulder begins to succumb to the virus. Suddenly, a beam of light shines down onto Miller, Scully, and Mulder, and a triangle-shaped UFO slowly descends and hovers above them.

The episode ends with Scully looking at the lights of the spacecraft, shining down directly onto her and her partners.

## Production

The episode was directed by series creator Chris Carter who wrote the teleplay. Anne Simon and Margaret Fearon receive story credit along with Carter. Simon is the science adviser for the series and has worked on the series since the first season. The episode features the return of Annabeth Gish as Monica Reyes, whose casting was announced in August 2015. The episode also guest stars Joel McHale, Lauren Ambrose, and Robbie Amell, all reprising their roles from previous episodes as new characters that were introduced in this season. William B. Davis appears as Cigarette Smoking Man in a significant role, after previously appearing in small cameo roles in two previous season ten episodes.

During the halftime period of Super Bowl 50, Fox briefly posted preview footage of the episode on its website and social media channels.

The episode's ending scene set on the 14th Street Bridge was filmed on the Georgia Viaduct in Vancouver, British Columbia on September 2, 2015, near Rogers Arena. The producers had to close the viaduct to the public in order to shoot the scene.

## Reception

"My Struggle II" received generally negative reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the episode received a 32% approval rating and an average score of 4.7/10. The consensus reads: "Arguably noble intentions notwithstanding, 'My Struggle II' serves as a disappointingly sloppy conclusion to The X-Files' long-awaited revival — and a painfully persuasive argument that the show was better left 'out there'."

In its initial broadcast in the United States on February 22, 2016, it received 7.60 million viewers, an increase in viewership from the previous week's 7.07 million viewers.

## InfoBox

| "**My Struggle II**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *The X-Files* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 10
Episode 6 |
| Directed by | Chris Carter |
| Story by | Anne Simon
Margaret Fearon
Chris Carter |
| Teleplay by | Chris Carter |
| Production code | 1AYW06 |
| Original air date | February 22, 2016 (2016-02-22) |
| Running time | 43 minutes |
| Guest appearances | |
|  | |
|
|


title: Petr Kučera

abstract: Petr Kučera is a Czech former motorcycle speedway rider. He was capped by the Czechoslovak national speedway team.

text:
# Petr Kučera

**Petr Kučera** (born 12 May 1953) is a Czech former motorcycle speedway rider. He was capped by the Czechoslovak national speedway team.

## Career

Kučera competed in the individual championship of Czechoslovakia and won the silver medal in 1975.

He represented the Czechoslovak national team during the Speedway World Team Cup in 1973, 1975, 1976, and 1982.

Like many Czech riders of the time, the Czechsolovak authorities rarely allowed riders to compete for British league teams but they did allow club sides such as Prague to tour the United Kingdom, which allowed Kučera to race in Britain in 1980.

Kučera reached the final of the Continental Speedway final as part of the 1981 Individual Speedway World Championship.

Kučera also rode grasstrack speedway and twice reached the final of the European Grasstrack Championship.

## InfoBox

Petr Kučera
| Born | (1953-05-12) 12 May 1953<br>Czechoslovakia |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Czech |
| Career history | |
| **Czechoslovakia** | |
| 19?? | ČSAD Plzeň |
|  | |
| Individual honours | |
| 1975 | Czechoslovak Championship silver |
|  | |


title: Meadowlands, Gauteng

abstract: Meadowlands is a suburb of Soweto, Gauteng Province, South Africa. It was founded in the early 1950s during the apartheid era for black residents from Sophiatown.

text:
# Meadowlands, Gauteng

**Meadowlands** is a suburb of Soweto, Gauteng Province, South Africa. It was founded in the early 1950s during the apartheid era for black residents from Sophiatown.

## History

Meadowlands, also known as Ndofaya, has its origin with the introduction of the *Natives Resettlement Act, Act No 19 of 1954* with its aim to move black people out of the centre of Johannesburg from multi-cultural areas such as Sophiatown and the Western Native Townships. The Urban Resettlement Board was created and the forced removals began on 10 February 1955 and would continue until the mid-sixties when most of the new township had been completed. Early residents were separated into new zones of the township based on their ethnic background and identifiable by the street names.

The Johannesburg City Council, at the time controlled by the United Party, did not participate in the forced removals but did provide extra land in Diepkloof when space ran out in Meadowlands when black people from the suburbs of Martindale and Newclare needed areas to settle. The Johannesburg City Council did not control the area as it did with Soweto, but would be made to cover the cost of the relocations. By 1968, the Natives Resettlement Board had relocated 22,500 black families and 6,500 single persons in both Meadowlands and Diepkloof and would administer both areas as they had not yet been allocated to any white municipality.

The forced move away from Sophiatown inspired Strike Vilakazi to compose *Meadowlands*. As with many other protest songs of this period, *Meadowlands* was made popular both within and outside South Africa by Miriam Makeba.

By 1973, now known as Diepmeadow, the administration was taken over by the West Rand Administration Board (WRAB) and by 1978, a Diepmeadows Town Council was formed to run the two townships when they decided not to join Soweto Council.

## Notable South Africans From Meadowlands

## InfoBox

| Meadowlands | |
| --- | --- |
| MeadowlandsMeadowlands | |
| Coordinates: 26°13′15″S 27°53′58″E / 26.22083°S 27.89944°E / -26.22083; 27.89944 | |
| Country | South Africa |
| Province | Gauteng |
| Municipality | City of Johannesburg |
| Main Place | Soweto |
| Area | |
| Total | 11.57 km2 (4.47 sq mi) |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 138,354 |
| Density | 12,000/km2 (31,000/sq mi) |
| Racial makeup (2001) | |
| Black African | 99.8% |
| Coloured | 0.2% |
| First languages (2001) | |
| Zulu | 32.7% |
| Tswana | 27.0% |
| Sotho | 10.5% |
| Tsonga | 10.1% |
| Other | 19.7% |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (SAST) |
| Postal code (street) | 1852 |
| PO box | 1851 |


title: My Struggle III

abstract: "My Struggle III" is the first episode and season premiere of the eleventh season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files. The episode was written and directed by Chris Carter and it aired on January 3, 2018, on Fox. This episode follows the events of "My Struggle II" and is noted for its major plot twists. "My Struggle III" helps to explore the series' overarching mythology and serves as the first of three mythology episodes of the season. Two taglines are featured in this episode: "I Want to Believe", followed by "I Want to Lie". The show centers on FBI special agents who work on unsolved paranormal cases called X-Files; focusing on the investigations of Fox Mulder, and Dana Scully after their reinstatement in the FBI. In this episode, revolving around the time after the previous episode's conclusion, Scully ends up in the hospital after experiencing a seizure, revealing the events of the previous episode to be a vision of an apocalyptic future. Mulder and Walter Skinner find a message from Scully with the words "Find him", which refers to their son William.

text:
# My Struggle III

"**My Struggle III**" is the first episode and season premiere of the eleventh season of the American science fiction television series *The X-Files*. The episode was written and directed by Chris Carter and it aired on January 3, 2018, on Fox. This episode follows the events of "My Struggle II" and is noted for its major plot twists. "My Struggle III" helps to explore the series' overarching mythology and serves as the first of three mythology episodes of the season. Two taglines are featured in this episode: "I Want to Believe", followed by "I Want to Lie".

The show centers on FBI special agents who work on unsolved paranormal cases called X-Files; focusing on the investigations of Fox Mulder (David Duchovny), and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) after their reinstatement in the FBI. In this episode, revolving around the time after the previous episode's conclusion, Scully ends up in the hospital after experiencing a seizure, revealing the events of the previous episode to be a vision of an apocalyptic future. Mulder and Walter Skinner (Mitch Pileggi) find a message from Scully with the words "Find him", which refers to their son William.

## Plot

The episode opens with an introduction by the Cigarette Smoking Man (William B. Davis), in which his full name is revealed as Carl Gerhard Busch.

Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) wakes up in the hospital after having a seizure, now realizing the apparent invasion was a vision and hasn't actually happened yet. She tries to warn Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) about the plague. Mulder initially presumes Scully's ramblings are a product of her illness, but leaves the hospital to investigate. Elsewhere, Jeffrey Spender is chased down and hit by a car in a parking garage. Spender hides behind a door of an apartment building as his would-be assailant demands the whereabouts of a boy. Spender calls Mulder and the Smoking Man intercepts the call, revealing that he is in a room with Monica Reyes. A car chase soon unfolds in which Mulder is able to evade another man.

Spender later appears at Scully's bedside, revealing that someone is looking for William. He first balks at telling her the location of her son, revealing only the name of the family that adopted him – Van De Kamp. Mulder tails a henchman who he believes will take him to the Smoking Man, but he arrives somewhere else with mysterious conspirators; Mr. Y (A.C. Peterson) and Erika Price (Barbara Hershey). The pair says they were once part of the Syndicate, but have their own agenda involving the colonization of space. They try to negotiate with Mulder into turning over his son, but Mulder refuses.

Walter Skinner (Mitch Pileggi) tries to meet with Scully, but can't find her. As he goes to his car, he is met inside by the Smoking Man and Reyes, the latter holding him at gunpoint. The Smoking Man asks Skinner to turn his back on humanity in return for immunity from the Spartan virus, but Skinner is very hesitant. Meanwhile, Scully tries to leave the hospital but her seizures return, causing her to crash her car. She is rescued by agents Einstein and Miller, and is readmitted to the hospital. Both agents leave the room. An assassin sent by Mr. Y and Erika enters and tries to suffocate Scully, but Mulder steps in and saves her by slicing the assassin's neck.

After Mulder kills the assassin, Scully says that she doesn't think the Smoking Man sent him. She then reveals her visions are from William. As Skinner comes in, Mulder confronts him since he smells like smoke. In a flashback to Skinner in a car with the Smoking Man, the latter states in a further flashback that *he*, not Mulder, artificially impregnated Scully. The final scene (out of focus) shows a teen, presumably William, having seizures.

## Production

### Filming

Filming for the season began in August 2017 in Vancouver, British Columbia, where the previous season was filmed, along with the show's original five seasons.

### Writing

The mythology from the previous event series of *The X-Files*, had negative reviews, causing Chris Carter to focus less on the mythology and have more standalone stories. In various interviews Carter had already planned the solution to "My Struggle II", while it was in production.

The episode is notorious for completely changing a respective part of the show's mythology: revealing that Mulder is not William's father, but that Cigarette Smoking Man had drugged and raped ("artificially impregnated") Scully years ago. This also answers a respective scene from season 7 episode "En Ami" in which Scully woke up in a room in pajamas during a road trip with the Cigarette Smoking Man, accusing him of drugging her. The dialogue in the scene was slightly altered. According to Chris Carter, he planned this strategy ever since that episode was filmed. He explains that it "adds to the characters in an interesting emotional way. And because the audience is now in on this truth, and Mulder and Scully are not, these revelations are huge for this show because they're huge for the characters. Mulder and Scully's life history, both professional and personal, are the heart of the show."

### Casting

Besides main cast members David Duchovny, Gillian Anderson and Mitch Pileggi, the episode features several guest stars, including original series stars William B. Davis and Annabeth Gish, and the return of Lauren Ambrose and Robbie Amell, whose characters debuted in season ten. The episode features the return of character Jeffrey Spender played by Chris Owens, who last appeared in the original series finale episode which aired in 2002. Barbara Hershey also makes her first appearance as a new recurring character, Erika Price.

## Reception

"My Struggle III" received generally mixed-to-negative reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has an approval rating of 33% with an average rating of 5.96 out of 10 based on 9 reviews. The episode received strong backlash from fans, particularly the reveal that Cigarette Smoking Man was the father of Scully's son William.

In its initial broadcast in the United States on January 3, 2018, it received 5.2 million viewers, which was a 62 percent decrease in viewership from the previous season premiere in 2016 which had 16.2 million viewers. In the United Kingdom, where the episode was broadcast on February 5, 2018, on Channel 5, it was watched by a total of 1.87 million viewers over a 28-day period, including on the timeshift channel, Channel 5 +1, and the on demand service, My5.

## InfoBox

| "**My Struggle III**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *The X-Files* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 11<br>Episode 1 |
| Directed by | Chris Carter |
| Written by | Chris Carter |
| Production code | 2AYW01 |
| Original air date | January 3, 2018 (2018-01-03) |
| Running time | 43 minutes |
| Guest appearances | |
|  | |
|
|


title: Mecyna indistinctalis

abstract: Mecyna indistinctalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was first described in 1961. It is found in Iran.

text:
# Mecyna indistinctalis

***Mecyna indistinctalis*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was first described in 1961. It is found in Iran.

## InfoBox

| *Mecyna indistinctalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Mecyna* |
| Species: | ***M. indistinctalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mecyna indistinctalis***<br>Amsel, 1961 | |
|


title: Fraternal hill rat

abstract:
The fraternal hill rat is a species of rodent in the family Muridae.
It is found only in northeastern Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Its natural habitat is tropical dry forest.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

text:
# Fraternal hill rat

The **fraternal hill rat** (***Bunomys fratrorum***) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in northeastern Sulawesi, Indonesia. Its natural habitat is tropical dry forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| Fraternal Hill rat | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Rodentia |
| Family: | Muridae |
| Genus: | *Bunomys* |
| Species: | ***B. fratrorum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Bunomys fratrorum***
(Thomas, 1896) | |
|


title: Mecyna luscitialis

abstract: Mecyna luscitialis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1914. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Arizona, California and Nevada.

text:
# Mecyna luscitialis

***Mecyna luscitialis*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1914. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Arizona, California and Nevada.

## InfoBox

| *Mecyna luscitialis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Mecyna* |
| Species: | ***M. luscitialis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mecyna luscitialis***<br>(Barnes & McDunnough, 1914) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pyrausta luscitialis* Barnes & McDunnough, 1914 * *Pyrausta luscitalis* Munroe, 1995 | |


title: Mechanical pulping

abstract: Mechanical pulping is the process in which wood is separated or defibrated mechanically into pulp for the paper industry. The mechanical pulping processes use wood in the form of logs or chips that are mechanically processes, by grinding stones or in refiners, to separate the fibers. Mechanical pulp can also be bleached to increase the brightness, but retaining the lignin in the pulp. Industrial mechanical pulping started in the 1840s with groundwood pulping, producing the pulp from grinding. This made wood fibers the main raw material in paper, instead of textile fibers. Later the chemical pulping processes started dominating for many paper types. Today the groundwood pulping mills are few, but the mechanical pulping processes employing refiners are still important in the Pulp and paper industry. The mechanical pulps are primarily used in newspaper and magazine paper and the chemimechanical pulps for cardboard and soft paper.

text:
# Mechanical pulping

**Mechanical pulping** is the process in which wood is separated or defibrated mechanically into pulp for the paper industry.

The mechanical pulping processes use wood in the form of logs or chips that are mechanically processes, by grinding stones (from logs) or in refiners (from chips), to separate the fibers. Mechanical pulp can also be bleached to increase the brightness, but retaining the lignin in the pulp.

Industrial mechanical pulping started in the 1840s with groundwood pulping, producing the pulp from grinding. This made wood fibers the main raw material in paper, instead of textile fibers. Later the chemical pulping processes started dominating for many paper types. Today the groundwood pulping mills are few, but the mechanical pulping processes employing refiners are still important in the Pulp and paper industry. The mechanical pulps are primarily used in newspaper and magazine paper and the chemimechanical pulps for cardboard and soft paper.

## Mechanical pulps in the paper industry

Mechanical pulp is very different from the pulp produced in the chemical processes (the sulfite process and the Kraft process). The chemical methods gives paper with higher strength and pulp that can be bleached further than the mechanical pulps. A benefit from the mechanical processes is that they have a high yield, usually between 90 and 98%, which means that nearly all the wood is used. The yield of the Kraft process is only about 50%, which makes the demand of wood twice as high for the same amount of produced pulp

Another benefit of the mechanical pulps is the excellent printing properties, making them very useful in newsprint and magazines. This is because of their good properties of absorbing the ink and also their high opacities and low area density. Chemimechanical pulps can give paper with high stiffness, making them suitable for paper board and as a stiff layer in paper packaging.

The mechanical pulping processes have a high yield, which at the same time means that all the lignin is still present in the pulp and paper. Lignin is modified by sunlight, making paper produced from mechanical pups susceptible to yellowing and becoming brittle. Mechanical pulps can be bleached with hydrogen peroxide or sodium dithionite, but the brightness is only increased slightly and the yellowing cannot be hindered as lignin is still present.

Mechanical pulping is primarily used in paper products with relatively short life span, such as news paper, books or brochures, but also in coated paper grades for magazines and catalogs. It is also used as the middle layer in cardboard because of its stiffness. These products are used to a high degree, which makes mechanical pulps common in recycled paper and as recycled fibers for paper production. The recycled fibers are mostly used in simpler cardboard, newspaper and tissue paper.

A drawback with the mechanical pulping processes are that they require a high amount of electrical power. A typical refiner pulp can require 2000 kWh/mass ton pulp. A larger mechanical pulp and paper mill can, including the paper production, consume 200-300 MW electricity. The chemical pulping processes can often generate enough energy (steam and electricity) to make the mill energy self-sufficient. This energy is generated from wood leftovers (bark and chips) and from black liquor, which in principle is 50% of the incoming wood (as the yield is less than 50% and a majority of the rest ends up in the black liquor). In the mechanical pulp mills the majority of the electricity is converted to heat, creating steam which is utilized in the paper machines.

## Mechanical pulping processes

A number of different mechanical processes exist:

* **Stone groundwood pulp** (SGW) is produced by pressing the wood onto a rotating grinding stone. The grinding grits in the surface will penetrate into the surface of the wood and separate the fibers by a combination of compression, heating and shear.
* **Pressurised groundwood pulp** (PGW) is produced in the same manner as SGW, but the grinding is performed in a pressurized chamber with steam. This makes the process more efficient and reduce the energy consumption.
* **Refiner mechanical pulp** (RMP) is produced by feeding wood chip into the center of a disk refiner, consisting of two grooved discs. Either one disc rotates and the other is stationary, or both are rotating in opposite directions. The wood chips are forced toward the periphery by the centrifugal force and is crushed into pulp between the discs.
* **Thermomechanical pulp** (TMP) is produced in the same manner as RMP, but in an atmosphere with elevated pressure. TMP pulp can be produced in several steps, of which the first refiner is pressurized.
* **Chemimechanical pulp** (CMP) is produced with refiners, but the chips are impregnated of soaked in chemicals before refining. This softens the wood by dissolving some of the lignin. The yield also drops below 90% as a consequence.
* **Chemi-thermomechanical pulp** (CTMP) is similar to CMP, but the refining is made under elevated pressures and less chemicals are used.
* **Bleached chemi-thermomechanical pulp** (BCTMP) also includes a bleaching step.


title: My Style

abstract: My Style is a fashion and self-help book written by the Australian entertainer Dannii Minogue, released in September 2011. In this book, Minogue shares her fashion wisdom and personal style secrets, backed up by an all-new photoshoot. Dannii talks about loving you the way you are, focusing on ways to accentuate the positive, and covers everything from great hair and glowing skin to make-up and embracing a healthy exercise regime. She also shares her tips on red carpet looks and what to wear for every occasion, and offers advice on dressing for your shape and choosing the right accessories. My Style is an inspirational guide to making the most of what you've got and looking your best. A special enhanced edition of the digital eBook was released on iTunes featuring the book and two behind-the-scenes videos.

text:
# My Style

***My Style*** is a fashion and self-help book written by the Australian entertainer Dannii Minogue, released in September 2011.

In this book, Minogue shares her fashion wisdom and personal style secrets, backed up by an all-new photoshoot. Dannii talks about loving you the way you are, focusing on ways to accentuate the positive, and covers everything from great hair and glowing skin to make-up and embracing a healthy exercise regime. She also shares her tips on red carpet looks and what to wear for every occasion, and offers advice on dressing for your shape and choosing the right accessories. My Style is an inspirational guide to making the most of what you've got and looking your best.

A special *enhanced edition* of the digital eBook was released on iTunes featuring the book and two behind-the-scenes videos.

## InfoBox

My Style
| Hardcover edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Dannii Minogue |
| Language | English |
| Subject | Dannii Minogue |
| Genre | Non-fiction, memoir |
| Publisher | Simon & Schuster |
| Publication date | September 2011
October 2011 (Australia) |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Hardcover
Digital (eBook) |
| Pages | 256 pages |
| ISBN | 978-1-84983-868-9 |
| Preceded by | *My Story* |


title: Łuszczewo

abstract: Łuszczewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skulsk, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-east of Skulsk, 34 km (21 mi) north of Konin, and 100 km (62 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.

text:
# Łuszczewo

**Łuszczewo** \[wuʂˈt͡ʂɛvɔ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skulsk, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-east of Skulsk, 34 km (21 mi) north of Konin, and 100 km (62 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.

## InfoBox

| Łuszczewo | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Łuszczewo | |
| Coordinates: 52°31′N 18°22′E / 52.517°N 18.367°E / 52.517; 18.367 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Konin |
| Gmina | Skulsk |


title: Fraternal myotis

abstract: The fraternal myotis is a species of vesper bat native to East Asia.

text:
# Fraternal myotis

The **fraternal myotis** (***Myotis frater***) is a species of vesper bat native to East Asia.

## Taxonomy

The long-tailed myotis (*M. longicaudatus*) was split as a distinct species by a 2015 study based on molecular evidence. This has also been followed by the American Society of Mammalogists, the IUCN Red List, and the ITIS. Phylogenetic evidence supports the reddish myotis (*M. soror*) of Taiwan being the sister species to *M. frater*.

## Description

An adult fraternal myotis has a body length of about 5 cm (2 in), a tail of about 4.5 cm (2 in), and a forearm length of about 3.8 cm (1 in).

## Distribution

The species is found throughout China and Taiwan. Bats that could potentially belong to this species have also been collected in Uttarkhand, India, but their taxonomy remains unresolved.

## Status

There are no major threats to this species, although it may be threatened by roadkill in Taiwan. It may be sensitive to climate change, but this was based on the old classification that included *M. longicaudatus* within the species, and thus this remains unconfirmed.

Notes Sources * Won, Byeong-o (원병오) (2004). *한국의 포유동물 (Hangugui poyudongmul, Mammals of Korea)*. Seoul: Dongbang Media. ISBN 89-8457-310-8.

## InfoBox

| Fraternal myotis | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| on stamp from Uzbekistan | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Chiroptera |
| Family: | Vespertilionidae |
| Genus: | *Myotis* |
| Species: | ***M. frater*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Myotis frater***
(G.M. Allen, 1923) | |
|
|  | |
| Fraternal myotis range in red (does not include Taiwan range) | |


title: Rock Me Tonight

abstract: Rock Me Tonight is the platinum selling 1985 debut album from American R&B/Soul singer Freddie Jackson. Released on April 28, 1985, the album yielded four top–10 singles on the U.S. R&B chart, with the first two, "You Are My Lady" and "Rock Me Tonight", reaching number one. The latter two, "Love Is Just a Touch Away" and "He'll Never Love You", peaked at Nos. 9 and 8, respectively. The album contains a cover of the Billie Holiday classic "Good Morning Heartache". The success of Rock Me Tonight garnered Jackson a Grammy Award nomination in 1986 for Best New Artist, losing out to Sade. Rock Me Tonight went on to top the R&B Albums chart for 14 nonconsecutive weeks, and peaked inside the Top 10 on the Billboard 200.

text:
# Rock Me Tonight

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***Rock Me Tonight*** is the platinum selling 1985 debut album from American R&B/Soul singer Freddie Jackson. Released on April 28, 1985, the album yielded four top–10 singles on the U.S. R&B chart, with the first two, "You Are My Lady" and "Rock Me Tonight (For Old Times Sake)", reaching number one. The latter two, "Love Is Just a Touch Away" and "He'll Never Love You", peaked at Nos. 9 and 8, respectively. The album contains a cover of the Billie Holiday classic "Good Morning Heartache". The success of *Rock Me Tonight* garnered Jackson a Grammy Award nomination in 1986 for Best New Artist, losing out to Sade. *Rock Me Tonight* went on to top the R&B Albums chart for 14 nonconsecutive weeks, and peaked inside the Top 10 on the Billboard 200.

## Track listing

1. "He'll Never Love You (Like I Do)" (Keith Diamond, Barry Eastmond) – 4:43
2. "Love Is Just a Touch Away" (Freddie Jackson, Barry Eastmond) – 5:19
3. "I Wanna Say I Love You" (Freddie Jackson, Barry Eastmond) – 4:40
4. "You Are My Lady" (Barry Eastmond) – 4:44
5. "Rock Me Tonight (For Old Times Sake)" (Paul Laurence) – 7:12
6. "Sing a Song of Love" (Barry Eastmond) – 5:02
7. "Calling" (Keith Diamond, Barry Eastmond) – 5:30
8. "Good Morning Heartache" (Ervin Drake, Dan Fisher, Irene Higginbotham) – 4:28

## Personnel

* Freddie Jackson – lead vocals, backing vocals
* Barry Eastmond – keyboards, synthesizers, Roland TR-808 drum programming
* Eric Rehl – synthesizers
* Paul Laurence – keyboards (5), Kurzweil synthesizer (5), Yamaha DX7 (4-5), Oberheim DMX drum programming (4-5), backing vocals (5)
* Robert Aries – keyboards (8), Kurzweil synthesizer (8), drum programming (8)
* Ira Siegel – acoustic guitar, guitar
* Fareed Abdul-Haqq – guitar
* Clarence Brice – guitar
* Mike "Dino" Campbell – guitar
* Thomas J. Flammia – guitar
* Wayne Brathwaite – bass
* Timmy Allen – bass (5)
* Bernard Davis – drums
* Richard Rodriguez – drums
* Joel Rosenblatt – drums
* Terry Silverlight – drums
* Buddy Williams – drums
* Bashiri Johnson – percussion
* Steve Kroon – percussion
* V. Jeffrey Smith – saxophone
* Stanley Turrentine – sax solo (5)
* Janice Dempsey – backing vocals
* Dolly Eastmond – backing vocals
* Danny Madden – backing vocals
* Cindy Mizelle – backing vocals
* Melba Moore – backing vocals
* B.J. Nelson – backing vocals
* Lillo Thomas – backing vocals
* Audrey Wheeler – backing vocals
* Reggie King – backing vocals (5)

## Production

* Producers – Barry Eastmond (Tracks 1-4, 6 & 7); Paul Laurence (Track 5); Robert Aries (Track 8).
* Executive Producers – Beau Huggins and Varnell Johnson
* Production Coordination – Zack Vaz
* Engineers – Ron Banks (Tracks 1-4, 6 & 7); Carl Beatty and Steve Goldman (Track 5); Frank Heller, Peter Robbins and Bob Rose (Track 8).
* Second Engineer – Joe Marno (Track 5)
* Assistant Engineers – Dean Cochren, Larry DeCarmine, Cathy Goode, Frank Heller and Kurt Upper (Tracks 1-4, 6 & 7); Mike Nicolette (Track 8).
* Track 5 mixed by Steve Goldman at Right Track Recording (New York, NY).
* Track 8 mixed by Peter Robbins at Unique Recording Studios.
* Mastered by Jack Skinner at Sterling Sound (New York, NY) and Eddy Schreyer at Capitol Mastering (Hollywood, CA).
* Art Direction – Roy Kohara
* Design – Roland Young
* Photography – Chris Callis
* Administrator – Anne Thomas
* Management – Hush Productions

## Charts

### Singles

| Year | Single | Chart positions | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | U.S. *Billboard* Hot 100 | US
R&B |
| 1985 | "Rock Me Tonight (For Old Times Sake)" | 18 | 1 |
| | "You Are My Lady" | 12 | 1 |
| | "He'll Never Love You (Like I Do)" | 25 | 8 |
| 1986 | "Love Is Just A Touch Away" | - | 9 |
|

## InfoBox

| Rock Me Tonight | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Freddie Jackson | |
| Released | April 28, 1985 |
| Recorded | January–March 1985 at Digital By Dickinson (Bloomfield, NJ); Celestial Sound Studios and Unique Recording Studios (New York, NY). |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 41:26 |
| Label | Capitol |
| Producer |  |
| Freddie Jackson chronology | |
| ***Rock Me Tonight***
(1985) *Just Like the First Time*
(1986) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Rock Me Tonight* | |
| 1. "Rock Me Tonight (For Old Times Sake)"
Released: April 2, 1985 2. "You Are My Lady"
Released: August 13, 1985 3. "He'll Never Love You (Like I Do)"
Released: 1985 4. "Love Is Just a Touch Away"
Released: 1986 | |
|  | |


abstract: Pickaway Township is one of the fifteen townships of Pickaway County, Ohio, United States. The 2020 census found 2,036 people in the township.

text:
# Pickaway Township, Pickaway County, Ohio

**Pickaway Township** is one of the fifteen townships of Pickaway County, Ohio, United States. The 2020 census found 2,036 people in the township.

## Geography

Located in the southeastern part of the county, it borders the following townships:

No municipalities are located in Pickaway Township.

## Name and history

It is the only Pickaway Township statewide.

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.

## InfoBox

| Pickaway Township,
Pickaway County, Ohio | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| The Joseph Black Farmhouse, a historic site in the township | |
| Location of Pickaway Township in Pickaway County | |
| Coordinates: 39°31′33″N 82°55′13″W / 39.52583°N 82.92028°W / 39.52583; -82.92028 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Ohio |
| County | Pickaway |
| Area | |
| Total | 49.0 sq mi (126.9 km2) |
| Land | 48.7 sq mi (126.0 km2) |
| Water | 0.3 sq mi (0.9 km2) |
| Elevation | 764 ft (233 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 2,036 |
| Density | 41.8/sq mi (16.1/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| FIPS code | 39-62484 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1086801 |


title: Xanthophyllum

abstract: Xanthophyllum is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae;. The generic name is from the Greek meaning "yellow leaf", referring to how the leaves are often yellow when dry. In Borneo it is known as minyak berok in Malay or nyalin in the Iban language.

text:
# Xanthophyllum

***Xanthophyllum*** is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning "yellow leaf", referring to how the leaves are often yellow when dry. In Borneo it is known as ***minyak berok*** in Malay or ***nyalin*** in the Iban language.

## Description

*Xanthophyllum* species grow as trees or shrubs. Their twigs are often smooth and are coloured green or yellow. Leaves, when not drying yellow, dry green or dark brown. Flowers feature five petals. The mostly roundish fruits are not winged and measure up to 15 cm (6 in) in diameter. Fruits of some species are considered edible, e.g. *X. ecarinatum*, *X. obscurum* and *X. stipitatum*.

## Distribution and habitat

*Xanthophyllum* grows naturally from India in tropical Asia to northern Australia. The majority of species grow in lowland rainforest. Some species grow at higher altitudes in hill or montane forests. Others occur in peatswamp or *kerangas* forests.

## Species

As of February 2021, the following is a list of accepted species:

## InfoBox

| *Xanthophyllum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Xanthophyllum flavescens*, India | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Polygalaceae |
| Tribe: | Xanthophylleae
Chodat |
| Genus: | *Xanthophyllum*
Roxb. |
|
| Species | |
| See text | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Banisterodes* Kuntze * *Eystathes* Lour. * *Jakkia* Blume * *Kaulfussia*Dennst. * *Macintyria* F.Muell. * *Pelae* Adans. * *Skaphium* Miq. | |


title: Murcheson Creek

abstract: Murcheson Creek is a 1976 Australian television film which was a feature-length pilot for an unmade TV series.

text:
# Murcheson Creek

***Murcheson Creek*** is a 1976 Australian television film which was a feature-length pilot for an unmade TV series.

## Premise

A young Sydney doctor returns to his home town in the outback and discovers his father is dead. He takes over his family practice.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| *Murcheson Creek* | |
| --- | --- |
| Written by | Robert Caswell |
| Directed by | Terry Bourke |
| Starring | Mark Edwards
Sandra Lee
Abigail
Rowena Wallace
Cornelia Frances |
| Music by | Sven Libaek |
| Country of origin | Australia |
| Original language | English |
| Production | |
| Producer | Ross Hawthorn |
| Cinematography | Alan Grice |
| Editor | Ron Williams |
| Running time | 73 minutes |
| Production company | Cash Harmon Productions |
| Original release | |
| Release | 18 June 1976 (1976-06-18) (Sydney) |
| Release | 25 June 1976 (1976-06-25) (Melbourne) |
| Release | 1 October 1976 (1976-10-01) |


title: My Story (Couillard book)

abstract: My Story is a tell-all memoir by Canadian Julie Couillard. It was first written in French, then during summer 2008, translated into English. Both versions were published across Canada in October 2008. Couillard first appeared in the national media when she then dated the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Maxime Bernier. The incident began in May 2008 over a NATO-related dossier at Couillard's house. Intended to be released on October 14, 2008, the book's release date was moved forward when that same day was selected for the Canadian federal election. Bernier dismissed the allegations against him in the book as ridiculous and the book faced negative publicity in Beauce, Bernier's riding. The English version peaked at No. 6 on La Presse's bestseller list while the French version reached No. 5. Critics found Couillard's story self-righteous and sometimes conveniently vague, but noted that it provided a unique view into the government's inner circle. Others felt that Couillard was using the book to hurt Bernier. Though My Story was released eight days before the election, Bernier was re-elected.

text:
# My Story (Couillard book)

***My Story*** (or ***Mon histoire***) is a tell-all memoir by Canadian Julie Couillard. It was first written in French, then during summer 2008, translated into English. Both versions were published across Canada in October 2008.

Couillard first appeared in the national media when she then dated the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Maxime Bernier. The incident began in May 2008 over a NATO-related dossier at Couillard's house.

Intended to be released on October 14, 2008, the book's release date was moved forward when that same day was selected for the Canadian federal election. Bernier dismissed the allegations against him in the book as ridiculous and the book faced negative publicity in Beauce, Bernier's riding. The English version peaked at No. 6 on *La Presse'*s bestseller list while the French version reached No. 5. Critics found Couillard's story self-righteous and sometimes conveniently vague, but noted that it provided a unique view into the government's inner circle. Others felt that Couillard was using the book to hurt Bernier. Though *My Story* was released eight days before the election, Bernier was re-elected.

## Background

Julie Couillard began dating Conservative Party of Canada Member of Parliament Maxime Bernier in April 2007. The media started covering her in August, when she wore a revealing dress to Bernier's swearing-in ceremony for his new position as Minister of Foreign Affairs. The couple had first met at a restaurant dinner with business associates. Couillard and Bernier dated until December 2007, but continued seeing each other until April 2008. Bernier later revealed to his constituents that he ended their relationship after the RCMP revealed Couillard's past to him, which he was unaware of. Historically, these types of incidents were not unique. However, their relationship became the subject of a political scandal, which brought about intense media attention. As the scandal unfolded, Couillard decided to write an autobiography to tell her side of the story. She formally signed a contract in July with publishers, McClelland & Stewart; and with the help of journalist, Serge Demers, a ghostwriter, she wrote *My Story* in French within a few months. The publisher translated the text into English.

## Bernier–Couillard affair

Bernier was elected as a Conservative candidate in Quebec and became the Minister of Industry before being reassigned to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in August 2007. Though his relationship with Couillard had ended in December, they continued with occasional trysts. In April 2008, as Bernier departed Couillard's home, he left a briefing book from the 2008 Bucharest summit. Couillard put the briefcase containing the notes labelled confidential aside and forgot about them until May when she returned them to a foreign affairs office. Significant discussion about the affair was then voiced in both the House of Commons of Canada and the Standing Committee on Public Safety and National Security as to whether the affair was a threat to national security. However, Prime Minister of Canada, Stephen Harper stated that their relationship was a private matter and dismissed it as a security threat.

Journalist Chantal Hébert pointed out Couillard never had any criminal record and was not charged with criminal activity. Hébert decried Denis Coderre and Gilles Duceppe for political opportunism and challenged their genuineness, suggesting they were more focused on their poll numbers in Quebec. Jack Granatstein stated that some were "puzzled" about the incident since the secrets in the notes were considered the "run-of-the-mill kind". Bernier pointed out that the civil servant determines what parts of a document are classified and that releasing it would not cause any significant injury to national interest A former staffer for Bernier was critical of how the media handled Bernier's tenure with Foreign Affairs calling the reporting and Bernier's portrayal "over sensationalized". An internal government report dated 16 July 2008 conducted by the Department of Foreign Affairs found that disclosure of the notes would not have caused significant injury to Canadian interests.

The media revealed she had been convinced by a Kevlar Group to lobby Bernier in order to gain support for a $300-million lease by transferring 700 federal employees to a Kevlar building project in Quebec City.

It was expected that Bernier would be demoted, but he accepted blame for the incident and offered his resignation as Minister of Foreign Affairs to Prime Minister Stephen Harper, who accepted. A day later Couillard's interview aired on TVA. According to Couillard, Bernier's response to the subsequent media coverage made her feel betrayed and abandoned. However, a friend told Jane Taber that Bernier had plans to resign immediately but was told to wait it out by the government who did not want him step down just before the Prime Minister was about to go to Europe or, blow up while the Prime Minister was on the plane.

## Content

The book begins as an autobiography. Couillard was born in the late-1960s in the Montreal district of Ville-Émard; she then moved to the suburb of Lorraine when she was four. Her parents often fought as her mother believed that her husband was unfaithful; the family incurred financial problems when Couillard's father changed careers. At age 12, Couillard was diagnosed with epilepsy. At age 17, she bought several properties with a boyfriend. They lived together briefly before breaking up and selling the properties. Couillard became a friend, then lover, of Gilles Giguère, a money lender who was associated with the controversial motorcycle club Hells Angels. In 1996, after the police raided Giguère's apartment and (according to Couillard) threatened him, Giguère became sullen and withdrawn: the police had charged him with conspiracy to commit murder. But two months later, they let the charge drop. Giguère was soon murdered.

In 1997, Couillard met Stéphane Sirois, a reputed "enforcer", drug dealer and member of the Rockers, a Hells Angels affiliate club. They married. However, financial problems interfered with their relationship and Couillard cheated on Sirois with a man named Bruno. During their divorce, Sirois became an informant for the police and entered a witness protection program. Couillard became pregnant with Bruno's child, and had an abortion; they subsequently separated. Following further personal, financial problems, Couillard declared bankruptcy in 2002. She then began an affair with a married man who abandoned her while they visited Venice, Italy.

When she returned to Canada, Couillard launched an airport security firm, Integrated Global Solutions (it was reported that Canadian Air Transport Security Authority offered two services to them), along with an auto-leasing business. She began to date Bernard Coté, an aide to federal Minister of Public Works, Michael Fortier. Couillard then introduced Coté to Philippe Morin of the Kevlar Group, a real estate company which signed a deal with the federal government to acquire land from Kevlar. She also pointed to Morin, René Bellerive, and Éric Boyko, who set up a meeting with Bernier as a way to push a deal with the federal government and Kevlar.

In April 2007, while attending a Conservative Party of Canada fundraising affair, Couillard was asked to consider being a candidate for the party. Bernier registered Couillard as his designated traveling companion with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in order for Couillard to accompany him on government business. Couillard pointed out that former President George W. Bush was impressed when he brought her around.

In her book, Couillard accused Bernier of being intellectually lazy, preoccupied with his appearance, and concerned that he appears gay. She writes that Bernier privately criticised Prime Minister Stephen Harper's eating habits, his physique, whispered negative comments to Couillard about members of his electoral district and that he did not own a laptop, frequently using her house and home computer as a second office . She adds that Bernier thought about making a leadership run after hearing rumours that the Prime Minister wasn't going to stay long and that Bernier opposed the invasion of Iraq contrary to his party's stance and had issues with the Afghanistan War. During his time as Industry Minister, she revealed that a loyal staffer to Bernier had disrespected the authority of the PMO, who wanted him to be removed. Couillard also mentions that she never talked to Bernier about the Kevlar deal, but that Bernier used his position in the Treasury Board to prevent the deal from happening over concerns of conflict of interests.

Couillard goes on to describe the NATO incident and the ensuing media coverage from her perspective.

## Publication and reception

The original publication date for the book was October 14, 2008. After the Canadian federal election was called and set for that day the book's release was rescheduled to October 6, eight days before the election, in which Bernier was seeking re-election. The English version was published as a hardcover by McClelland & Stewart while the French version was released by Montreal publishers, Les Editions de l'Homme, as a trade paperback. According to *La Presse*, 17,000 copies were printed; 5,000 sold in the first two weeks. In the Montreal market, the book was listed on the bestseller list at No. 6 for two weeks while the French version spent one week at No. 5.

In response to the book, Bernier dismissed the contents as "soap-opera politics and completely ridiculous". Writer William Johnson said the story unfolds like pulp fiction or a soap opera and compared Couillard to the abused heroine in *Justine* who does not learn from her calamities. Charlie Gillis from Macleans blogged his reading of the book and noted that it felt like Couillard had a desire to hurt Bernier.

The book faced negative publicity in Beauce, Bernier's riding. René Roy, a 26-year-old Liberal candidate in a debate suggested that Bernier is homosexual which faced backlash from Bernier's constituents.

Bernard Landry was critical of Couiilard over her accusation of Bernier's "intellectual laziness" stating, "He was kind, charming. He was not a friend, but he was a collaborator I liked".

### Aftermath

Bernier apologised to family members who were negatively impacted by the incident. In addition, he explained that it made him rethink his political career and avoid taking government information out of his parliamentary office. Bernier went on to win his election in Beauce with 62% of the vote and the Conservatives won re-election. Bernier was not appointed to a cabinet position, even though it had been rumoured. Bernier eventually returned to the cabinet following the 2011 election, in which the Conservatives won a majority government, as Minister of State for Small Business and Tourism.

The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) launched investigations into how Couillard obtained the secret documents, whether Couillard's mother was offered a patronage appointment by a Conservative Party official to the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, and whether there was influence peddling during the land sale between the Kevlar Group and Public Works. Coté resigned after the deal was considered a conflict of interest. Bernier continued to sit as an MP until 2019 and was runner up for the 2017 Conservative Party leadership.

In 2017, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation reported that Bernier has plans to release a book about his political career. When asked about Couillard, he stated that she won't receive nearly as much attention in his book and that "It's all behind me. I'll have maybe a paragraph about that. Nothing new."

## InfoBox

My Story
| First edition cover | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Julie Couillard |
| Language | English, French |
| Genre | Non-fiction, memoir |
| Publisher | McClelland & Stewart, Editions de l'Homme |
| Publication date | October 6, 2008 |
| Publication place | Canada |
| Media type | Print (Hardcover, Trade Paperback) |
| Pages | 320 |
| ISBN | 978-0-7710-2292-0 |


title: Media Diversity Institute

abstract: The Media Diversity Institute (MDI) is a London-based non-governmental organisation working with the media to improve reporting on ethnicity, religion, gender, sexuality and other diversity issues. The mission of MDI is to promote "responsible journalism as a means to improve inter-community relations, increase tolerance and encourage dialogue among individuals and groups coming from different backgrounds." MDI has worked with organisations such as Internews, the International Federation of Journalists, Article 19, and the European Federation of Journalists. MDI is also a member of the Ethical Journalism Network.

text:
# Media Diversity Institute

The **Media Diversity Institute** (**MDI**) is a London-based non-governmental organisation working with the media to improve reporting on ethnicity, religion, gender, sexuality and other diversity issues.

The mission of MDI is to promote "responsible journalism as a means to improve inter-community relations, increase tolerance and encourage dialogue among individuals and groups coming from different backgrounds."

MDI has worked with organisations such as Internews, the International Federation of Journalists, Article 19, and the European Federation of Journalists. MDI is also a member of the Ethical Journalism Network.

## Background

MDI was founded in 1997 by journalist Milica Pesic, who was working at the time for NYU Center for War, Peace and the News Media. MDI works on an international scale, but has a European focus.

MDI works to engage, educate and train the actors in society who have influence over media coverage of diversity. This includes media decision makers (owners, editors, managers), journalists, academics, students, Civil Society Organisations and governmental organisations. They also organise conferences on these topics.

## Projects

MDI's first large scale media diversity project, The Reporting Diversity Network (RDN), was launched at a conference in November 1998 with keynote speakers Michael Ignatieff and Jean-Paul Marthoz. RDN's work focused on Central and Eastern Europe as well as the newly independent former Soviet states. They have also been involved in addressing the deaths of Romani journalists and editors.

Other projects that MDI have been involved in include Dune Voices, Get the Trolls Out, and Media Against Hate.

## In other media

The collaboration between MDI and Twitter in developing a guide on countering hate speech was referred to in an article in the *Financial Times*, October 17, 2016.

A video broadcast produced by MDI's Dune Voices project was published on the BBC website on 30 December 2016.

MDI contributed to the Journal for Applied Journalism and Media Studies in 2017. MDI's founder Milica Pesic presented concrete and detailed examples of how MDI has worked to promote inclusive journalism and diversity in the media in many different countries and regions.


title: Hawk Conservancy Trust

abstract: The Hawk Conservancy Trust is a bird park and conservation charity that cares for and displays birds of prey. It is located in Weyhill, Hampshire, England, near to the A303 road and the town of Andover. The site is home to more than 130 birds of prey and it spans 22 acres of woodland and wildflower meadow. Founded as a zoo by local farmer Reg Smith and his wife Hilary, the park was incorporated as the Hawk Conservancy Trust in 2002. It is also the site of the National Bird of Prey Hospital, a veterinary hospital that takes in injured birds of prey. The Hawk Conservancy Trust funds its charitable work mainly from the running of its bird of prey visitor centre. In 2016, a male secretarybird that was kept at the Hawk Conservancy Trust was studied by researchers. They tested its kicking ability with experiments. The findings had implications for studying how other species move, including extinct birds. It was also suggested that this type of research about extreme examples of animal movement could help design fast-moving robot limbs or prosthetics.

text:
# Hawk Conservancy Trust

The **Hawk Conservancy Trust** is a bird park and conservation charity that cares for and displays birds of prey. It is located in Weyhill, Hampshire, England, near to the A303 road and the town of Andover. The site is home to more than 130 birds of prey and it spans 22 acres of woodland and wildflower meadow.

Founded as a zoo by local farmer Reg Smith and his wife Hilary, the park was incorporated as the Hawk Conservancy Trust in 2002. It is also the site of the National Bird of Prey Hospital, a veterinary hospital that takes in injured birds of prey. The Hawk Conservancy Trust funds its charitable work mainly from the running of its bird of prey visitor centre.

In 2016, a male secretarybird that was kept at the Hawk Conservancy Trust was studied by researchers. They tested its kicking ability with experiments. The findings had implications for studying how other species move, including extinct birds. It was also suggested that this type of research about extreme examples of animal movement could help design fast-moving robot limbs or prosthetics.

51°12′26″N 1°33′44″W / 51.2073°N 1.5622°W / 51.2073; -1.5622


title: Robert Lee (historian)

abstract: Robert James Lee was an English historian.

text:
# Robert Lee (historian)

**Robert James Lee** (30 October 1959 – 7 February 2010) was an English historian.

## Life and work

Born on 30 October 1959, Lee was educated at Thorpe Grammar School. He worked for British Gas after leaving school, but was made redundant in 1995. He quickly decided to return to education, completing an undergraduate degree in English and history at Keele University in 1998. He then earned a Master of Arts degree in social history from the University of Leicester, where he stayed to complete a doctorate; his PhD was awarded in 2003 for his thesis "Encountering and managing the poor: rural society and the Anglican clergy in Norfolk, 1815–1914".

After completing a postdoctoral research position at the University of Durham (2003–06), Lee was appointed to a lectureship at the University of Teesside. Lee became ill with cancer and died on 7 February 2010, leaving a widow and two sons. The *Times Higher Education Supplement* said that Lee was a "historian who transformed the study of the English rural poor ... Despite the brevity of his career, he published many papers and three major books in as many years, work that greatly illuminated 19th-century regional history, particularly the relationships between the Church of England, poverty and political resistance." The three books were: *Unquiet Country: Voices of the Rural Poor 1820–1880* (2005), *Rural Society and the Anglican Clergy, 1815–1914: Encountering and Managing the Poor* (2006), and *The Church of England and the Durham Coalfield, 1810–1926* (2007).

## Selected publications


title: Pierre Waché

abstract: Pierre Waché is a French Formula One engineer. He is the technical director at the Red Bull Racing Formula One team.

text:
# Pierre Waché

**Pierre Waché** (born 10 December 1974) is a French Formula One engineer. He is the technical director at the Red Bull Racing Formula One team.

## Career

Waché earned a doctorate in fluid dynamics from the National Polytechnic Institute of Lorraine, specialising in bio-mechanical engineering. After graduating, he began working in 2001 for the global tyre manufacturer Michelin in their Formula One programme, and was an engineer that was responsible for the interaction between tyres and track conditions for Formula One cars. At the end of 2006, Michelin left Formula One as a tire supplier, which resulted in Waché being recruited by BMW Sauber as a performance engineer, working with tyres and suspension.

In 2009, BMW announced that it would leave Formula One, which resulted in Waché replacing Loïc Serra as the head of vehicle performance for Sauber. In 2013, he moved to Red Bull Racing and become the chief engineer with a focus on vehicle performance; six months later, he was appointed to succeed Mark Ellis as performance director. In 2018, he took on the role of technical director being responsible for the design and production of the car, second only to Adrian Newey.

## InfoBox

| Pierre Waché | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1974-12-10) 10 December 1974<br>Auchel, France |
| Occupation | Engineer |
| Employer | Red Bull Racing |
| Known for | Formula One engineer |
| Title | Technical director |


title: Xingan railway station

abstract: Xingan railway station is a railway station located in Xingan County, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China. The station opened with the Beijing–Kowloon railway in 1996.

text:
# Xingan railway station

**Xingan railway station** is a railway station located in Xingan County, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China. The station opened with the Beijing–Kowloon railway in 1996.

| Preceding station | China Railway | | | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Zhangshu Easttowards Beijing West |  | Beijing–Kowloon railway |  | Xiajiangtowards Hung Hom |

## InfoBox

| Xingan
新干
 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Xingan County, Ji'an, Jiangxi
China |
| Coordinates | 27°44′08″N 115°23′29″E / 27.7356°N 115.3914°E / 27.7356; 115.3914 |
| Operated by | China Railway Corporation |
| Line(s) | Beijing–Kowloon railway |
| History | |
| Opened | 1996 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: My Story, Your Song

abstract: My Story, Your Song is the second compilation album by Singaporean singer Stefanie Sun, released on 26 September 2006.

text:
# My Story, Your Song

***My Story, Your Song*** is the second compilation album by Singaporean singer Stefanie Sun (simplified Chinese: 孙燕姿; traditional Chinese: 孫燕姿), released on 26 September 2006.

## Track listing

**CD 1**

1. 雨天 (Rainy Day)
2. 我要的幸福 (My Desired Happiness)
3. 天黑黑 (Cloudy Day)
4. Stefanie
5. 風箏 (Kite)
6. 懂事 (Sensible)
7. 壞天氣 (Bad Weather)
8. Honey Honey
9. 很好 (Fine)
10. The Moment
11. 第一天 (First Day)
12. 我也很想他 (I Miss Him Too)
13. 愛從零開始 (Love Start from the Beginning)
14. 相信 (Believe)
15. Hey Jude

**CD 2**

1. 第六感 (The Sixth Sense)
2. 神奇 (Magical)
3. 隨堂測驗 (Quiz)
4. 任性 (Abandon)
5. Silent All These Years
6. 慢慢來 (Take It Slow)
7. 一樣的夏天 (Summer as Usual)
8. 害怕 (Fear)
9. Someone
10. 濃眉毛 (Sculpted Eyebrow)
11. 了解 (To Know)
12. 夢不落 (Flyin with Dreams)
13. Leave
14. Leave Me Alone
15. 明天晴天 (Sunny Day Tomorrow)
16. Our Memory

**CD 3**

1. 原點 (Starting Point)
2. 開始懂了(Realize)
3. 愛情證書 (Love Document)
4. 愛情字典 (Love Dictionary)
5. 星期一天氣晴我離開你 (Leaving You on the Sunny Monday)
6. 我不難過 (I Am Fine)
7. 眼淚成詩 (Poems & Tears)
8. 遇見 (Encounter)
9. 不是真的愛我 (You Don't Really Love Me)
10. 同類 (Someone Like Me)
11. 逃亡 (Abscondence)
12. 終於 (Finally)
13. 我不愛 (I Don't Love)
14. 隱形人 (Invisible)
15. 我的愛 (My Love)

**CD 4**

1. 夢想天空 (A Sky Full of Dreams)
2. 零缺點 (Perfect)
3. 直來直往 (Straight Forward)
4. 祝你開心 (Wish You Happiness)
5. 作戰 (Fight)
6. 超快感 (Turbo)
7. 完美的一天 (A Perfect Day)
8. 難得一見 (Only Chance)
9. 奔 (Running)
10. 未完成 (To Be Continued)
11. 綠光 (Green Light)
12. 練習 (Practice)
13. Venus
14. 和平 (Make Peace)
15. 種 (Nurture Your Dreams)

## InfoBox

| My Story, Your Song | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Stefanie Sun | |
| Released | 26 September 2006 |
| Genre | Mandopop |
| Language | Chinese |
| Label | Warner |
| Stefanie Sun chronology | |
| *A Perfect Day*
(2005) ***My Story, Your Song***
(2006) *Against the Light*
(2007) | |


title: Means to Me

abstract: Means to Me is the second studio album by American dream pop artist Long Beard, released on September 13, 2019, through Double Double Whammy.

text:
# Means to Me

***Means to Me*** is the second studio album by American dream pop artist Long Beard, released on September 13, 2019, through Double Double Whammy.

## Release and promotion

### Singles

The album's first single "Sweetheart" was released alongside the announcement of the album on July 1, 2019, it marked her first release since her 2015 album *Sleepwalker.* On July 30, 2019, the album's title track was released as the second single and, on August 20, 2019, the track "Getting By" was released as the album's third and final single.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Paste* | 6.5/10 |
| *Pitchfork* | 7.0/10 |
| *Under the Radar* |  |

*Means to Me* received good reviews from music critics. Critics applauded Leslie Bear's vocal delivery and vivid imagery, but found that the later half of the album was too indiscernible.

## Track listing

All songs written by Leslie Bear and produced by Leslie Bear & Craig Hendrix. Credits adapted from Bandcamp.

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Countless" | 1:33 |
| 2. | "Getting By" | 3:45 |
| 3. | "Snow Globe" | 5:23 |
| 4. | "Sweetheart" | 5:34 |
| 5. | "Empty Bottle" | 1:47 |
| 6. | "In The Morning" | 2:51 |
| 7. | "Forever" | 4:05 |
| 8. | "Means To Me" | 3:44 |
| 9. | "Monarch" | 3:56 |
| 10. | "The Last" | 4:00 |
| Total length: | | 36:43 |

## Personnel

Credits are adapted from Bandcamp.

**Musicians**

**Artwork**

* Adan Carlo - photography
* Jaime Knoth - layout, design

1. Maicki, Salvatore (July 1, 2019). "Long Beard retraces her steps on her new single "Sweetheart"". *The Fader*. Retrieved April 26, 2024.
2. Rettig (July 30, 2019). "Long Beard – "Means To Me"". *Stereogum*. Retrieved April 26, 2024.
3. "21 New Songs Out Today". *BrooklynVegan*. August 20, 2019. Retrieved April 26, 2024.
4. "Long Beard retraces her steps on her new single "Sweetheart"". *The FADER*. Retrieved 2024-04-27.
5. "Long Beard - "Means To Me"". *Stereogum*. 2019-07-30. Retrieved 2024-04-27.
6. "Long Beard - "Getting By" Video". *Stereogum*. 2019-08-20. Retrieved 2024-04-27.
7. Freedman, Max (September 11, 2019). "On Means to Me, Long Beard Sounds Newly Pristine". *Paste*. Retrieved April 26, 2024.
8. Jones, Abby. "Long Beard: Means to Me". *Pitchfork*. Retrieved 2024-04-27.
9. Moody, Mark. "Means to Me". *www.undertheradarmag.com*. Retrieved 2024-04-27.
10. "Means To Me, by Long Beard". *Long Beard*. Retrieved 2024-04-27.

## InfoBox

| Means to Me | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Long Beard | |
| Released | September 13, 2019 (2019-09-13) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 36:43 |
| Label | Double Double Whammy |
| Producer |  |
| Long Beard chronology | |
| *Sleepwalker*
(2015) ***Means to Me***
(2019) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Means to Me* | |
| 1. "Sweetheart"
Released: July 1, 2019 2. "Means To Me"
Released: July 30, 2019 3. "Getting By"
Released: August 20, 2019 | |
|  | |


title: Never Grow Old

abstract: "Never Grow Old" usually refers to an old Southern Gospel song of the same name, technically called "Where We'll Never Grow Old", written by James Cleveland Moore, Sr. on April 22, 1914. It has been included on many religious-themed audio compilations, and has been covered by many singers, including Johnny Cash, Jim Reeves, Bill and Gloria Gather, the Carter Family, and Aretha Franklin.

text:
# Never Grow Old

"**Never Grow Old**" usually refers to an old Southern Gospel song of the same name, technically called "**Where We'll Never Grow Old**", written by James Cleveland Moore, Sr. on April 22, 1914. It has been included on many religious-themed audio compilations, and has been covered by many singers, including Johnny Cash, Jim Reeves, Bill and Gloria Gather, the Carter Family, and Aretha Franklin.

## Background

James Cleveland Moore, Sr. had intended to become a Baptist preacher. He was educated at Draketown Baptist Institute, Mercer University in Macon, Georgia, and the University of Florida. He received musical training under Benjamin B. Beale and J. Henry Showalter.

At 26 years old, while a seminary student at Mercer, Moore visited his hometown church to preach, Draketown Baptist Church. His father, Charles Robert Moore, had led the singing for years. Hearing his father's voice failing him, Moore knew that he would not hear his father sing much longer due to his father's advanced age.

After returning to school, Moore produced the hymn and dedicated his song as: "Dedicated to My Father and Mother." The song was not published until around 1930.

## Lyrics

VERSE 1: I have heard of a land On the faraway strand 'Tis a beautiful home of the soul Built by Jesus on high There we never shall die 'Tis a land where we never grow old. CHORUS: Never grow old \[where we'll\] Never grow old In a land where we'll never grow old Never grow old \[where we'll\] Never grow old In a land where we'll never grow old. VERSE 2: In that beautiful home Where we'll nevermore roam We shall be in the sweet by and by Happy praise to the King Through eternity sing 'Tis a land where we never shall die. VERSE 3: When our work here is done And the life-crown is won And our troubles and trials are o'er All our sorrow will end And our voices will blend With the loved ones who've gone on before.


title: Roland Braddell

abstract: Sir Roland St. John Braddell was a historian and colonial adviser in British Malaya. He was considered "one of Malaya's foremost legal authorities".

text:
# Roland Braddell

Sir **Roland St. John Braddell** (20 December 1880 – 15 November 1966) was a historian and colonial adviser in British Malaya. He was considered "one of Malaya's foremost legal authorities".

## Early life

Roland St. John Braddell was born in Singapore in 1880. His father, Thomas de Multon Lee Braddell, had served as Attorney-General of Singapore, as had his father before him.

He was educated at King's School, Canterbury, and then Worcester College, Oxford. He was called to the bar in 1905.

## Writing career

Braddell wrote several books on the history of Malaya, as well as a two-volume legal work called *Laws of the Straits Settlements* and a book titled *Gaming Laws*. Alongside this, he published several essays concerning the legal status of the Federated Malay States from a series of lectures he had given to the Singapore Rotary Club. He worked as an editor on *One Hundred Years of Singapore* with Walter Makepeace and Gilbert Brooke. Alongside editing the book, he contributed several chapters to it.

In 1934, he published *The Lights of Singapore*, an anecdotal work on life in the region.

## Educational career

Braddell served as Chairman for the Council of the University of Malaya in Singapore from 1949. He was later knighted for his work in this position, and also granted the degree of Honorary Doctor of Letters.

Following his retirement from the university in 1951, he returned to Kuala Lumpur. In 1953, alongside R. G. D. Allen, Braddell was appointed to "submit a scheme of courses and organisation for consideration by Senate and Council" at the University of Malaya. In March 1955, they published the Braddell-Allen Report and recommended the creation of two new departments for Social Sciences and Law. Braddell proposed a four-year programme with various elements to it, and consulted with legal experts like the Bar Committee of Singapore over what to include. He also suggested that a Professor of Law be hired by the university to develop a curriculumm, and Lionel Astor Sheridan was hired soon after.

He was a Life Fellow of The Asiatic Society since 1934, and served as President of its Malayan branch for several years.

## Colonial career

Braddell served as Municipal Commissioner in Singapore for several years during World War I, and later became a member of the Housing Commission and the Executive Council.

From 1932 to 1940, he was a Constitutional Advisor and member of the Executive Council to the Sultan of Johore. Following World War II, he advised the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) and the monarchies of Malaysia.

## Personal life

Braddell died on 15 November 1966.


title: Robert Lee Bloomfield

abstract: Robert Lee Bloomfield was an American businessman and church-founder.

text:
# Robert Lee Bloomfield

**Robert Lee Bloomfield** (December 1827 – 1916) was an American businessman and church-founder.

## Early life

Bloomfield was born in Rahway, New Jersey, in 1827. His father, Richard, died when Robert was nine.

## Career

In 1849, Bloomfield moved south to Athens, Georgia, where he opened a men's clothing store on the city's Broad Street.

He was appointed the first assistant engineer of Athens' first volunteer fire department, the Independent Hook and Ladder Company, in May 1857.

With W. F. Herring, Bloomfield purchased controlling interest in Athens Manufacturing Company. Bloomfield became its manager. By 1868, the factory had 75 looms, 3,000 spindles and 175 operators, who produced 10,000 yards of cotton cloth and 7,500 pounds of cotton yarn.

Bloomfield purchased the Cook and Brother Armory Building in 1870, as well as 63 acres of land and housing. He built several cottages for his operatives.

In 1872, he became the first board president of the North Eastern Railroad. Later, he was amongst those who established the Athens and Western Railroad, of which he also served as its president for a period.

Thirteen years later, Bloomfield had established a pottery that produced sewer and drain pipes, as well as "jugware of all kinds". The clay was sourced on Sandy Creek and shipped down the river.

A flood during the overnight of January 24 and January 25, 1892, caused significant damage to the lower factory of Athens Manufacturing, causing it to close.

Bloomfield established the Barnett Shoals Factory on the Oconee River in 1890. His son, Dr. James Bloomfield, opened the sluice gates. Its success was short-lived, however, for it was bankrupted by 1897.

## Personal life

Bloomfield married Ann Warren Rodgers on September 17, 1851, in Bound Brook. Their first child, daughter Caroline, died at the age of eight weeks.

The couple were living on Clayton Street in Athens by 1854; their son, Robert Kearny Bloomfield, was born on January 9 that year.

Seven years later, in 1861, they built a home on Waddell Street, where their next child, another daughter, Elizabeth, was born on December 7.

Despite his hailing from the north, Bloomfield was a supporter of the South's Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He served as a private.

After the war, in 1867, Bloomfield paid for the rebuilding of a block of Athens' downtown when it was destroyed in a fire.

In the late 1860s, he had built St. Mary's Episcopal Church on Oconee Street in Athens, naming it for deceased shareholder Mary Baxter. It was completed in 1869, and consecrated on Easter Day 1871. Bloomfield delivered the first sermon. Its design was copied from a church that Bloomfield attended as a child in Bound Brook, New Jersey. After a financial depression hit Athens, resulting in a large fall in parishioners, the church closed in 1899.

### Death

Bloomfield died in 1916, aged 88 or 89. He is buried with his wife, who preceded him in death by ten years, at Oconee Hill Cemetery in Athens.

In 1931, the tower of Athens' Emmanuel Episcopal Church, for which Bloomfield "labored from the beginning", was erected in his honor.

## InfoBox

| Robert Lee Bloomfield | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | December 1827
Rahway, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Died | 1916 (aged 88 or 89)
Athens, Georgia, U.S. |
| Resting place | Oconee Hill Cemetery, Athens, Georgia, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Businessman |
| Years active | 1848-1892 |
| Board member of | North Eastern Railroad |
| Spouse | Ann Warren Rodgers (1851–1896; her death) |


title: Pico da Neblina (TV series)

abstract: Pico da Neblina is a Brazilian crime drama television series that premiered on HBO Brazil and Latin America on August 4, 2019. It depicts a scenario in which marijuana has been legalized in Brazil and following the story of a former drug dealer who needs to find a way to keep working. The title is a pun on the meaning of 'high', as Pico da Neblina is the highest peak in Brazil.

text:
# Pico da Neblina (TV series)

***Pico da Neblina*** (transl.Joint Venture) is a Brazilian crime drama television series that premiered on HBO Brazil and Latin America on August 4, 2019. It depicts a scenario in which marijuana has been legalized in Brazil and following the story of a former drug dealer who needs to find a way to keep working.

The title is a pun on the meaning of 'high', as Pico da Neblina is the highest peak in Brazil.

## Premise

The series follows the story of Biriba (Luís Navarro), a young drug trafficker from São Paulo who, after the legalization of marijuana in Brazil, decides to abandon his life on crime and sell his weed legally along with an inexperienced investor partner. But Salim (Henrique Santana), his childhood friend, decides to follow as an old-fashioned drug dealer in the illegality.

## Cast and characters

* Luis Navarro as Biriba
* Henrique Santana as Salim
* Teca Pereira as Irene
* Daniel Furlan as Vini
* Maria Zilda Bethlem as Suzette Tortoriello
* Leilah Moreno as Kelly
* Dexter as CD
* William Costa as Piolho
* Bruno Giordano as Fernão Tortoriello
* Sabrina Petraglia as Nanda
* Bruce de Araújo as Digão
* Lenita Oliver as Marcela
* Nathalia Ernesto as Laura
* Fabio Marcoff as Joselo
* Renata Carvalho as Carmen
* Inara as Gabriela
* Nayobé Nzainab as Amanda
* Gabriel Salazar as Buiú
* Ivan Arcuschin as Humberto Tortoriello
* Che Moais as Pescoço
* Jorge Neto as Rick
* Henrique Brandon as Torneira
* Alex Gruli as Sargento Lopes
* Tásia D'Paula as Sônia
* Ivan de Almeida as Bigode
* Augusto Madeira as Rogério
* Fábio Neppo as Bigato

## Production

### Conception and development

According to the director Quico Meirelles, when *Pico da Neblina* was being produced, in 2015, he imagined that, when the series would be premiered, in 2019, cannabis would already been legalized in Brazil. But what he saw was a twist in the opposite direction, with the discussions paralyzed in the National Congress of Brazil. The director said he could only imagine what this hypothetical Brazil would be like, based on experiences from other countries that have already legalized the drug, as part of Europe, Uruguay, Canada and the United States.

HBO Latin America announced the production of the series during the 2018 Rio2C (Rio Creative Conference) event. It was revealed that the first season of the series consisting of ten episodes would be produced by Academy Award nominated director Fernando Meirelles.

## Release

### Broadcast

The series premiered simultaneously on HBO Brazil, HBO Latin America and the streaming service HBO Go on August 4, 2019. In Spain, the series premiered on August 5, 2019, on HBO España.

## InfoBox

| *Pico da Neblina* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Also known as | Joint Venture |
| Genre | Crime, Drama |
| Created by | Cauê Laratta
Chico Mattoso
Marcelo Starobinas
Mariana Trench Bastos |
| Written by | Cauê Laratta
Chico Mattoso
Marcelo Starobinas
Mariana Trench Bastos |
| Directed by | Quico Meirelles
Fernando Meirelles
Luis Carone
Rodrigo Pesavento |
| Starring | Luis Navarro
Henrique Santana
Teca Pereira
Daniel Furlan
Maria Zilda Bethlem |
| Country of origin | Brazil |
| Original language | Portuguese |
| No. of seasons | 2 |
| No. of episodes | 20 |
| Production | |
| Executive producers | Andrea Barata Ribeiro
Bel Berlink
Fernando Meirelles
Roberto Rios
Eduardo Zaca
Luis Peraza |
| Production companies | HBO Latin America Originals
O2 Filmes |
| Original release | |
| Network | HBO Brazil
HBO Latin America |
| Release | August 4, 2019 (2019-08-04) \- present |


title: Musa Baytash Khan

abstract: Musa Baytash Khan was the fifth head of the Karakhanid state and the second Muslim Khan to rule. His name is often mentioned as Tonga Illig, Arslan Khan. His brother was the lesser khan with western parts of the country assigned as his appanage.

text:
# Musa Baytash Khan

**Musa Baytash Khan** was the fifth head of the Karakhanid state and the second Muslim Khan to rule. His name is often mentioned as **Tonga Illig**, **Arslan Khan** (in *Tazkirah Bughra Khan*). His brother was the lesser khan with western parts of the country assigned as his appanage.

## Reign

His reign saw raids against Qocho and Khotan. He developed water conservancy and transportation near Kashgar and founded a school, a mosque and a library. Ibn ul-Athir reported that, in 960, during his reign, 200,000 Turkic people embraced Islam. Samanid proselytizers Abul Hasan Said b. Hatim and Abuzar Ammar at-Tamimi were instrumental in this regard. Musa Baytash temporarily lost Kashgar to the King of Khotan, Visa Sura (尉迟输罗) when the latter attacked the Karakhanid state in 971, achieving a big victory. In addition to women and children, there were elephants among the spoils, which were sent to Song China as tribute. It is unknown when his reign came to an end.

He left only one son, Ali Arslan Khan. His daughter Büwi Maryam's tomb, located in Beshkerem (伯什克热木乡), Kashgar, is a holy site for Muslims.

1. Liu, Zhiuxuan (1995). *维吾尔族历史* \[*The History of Uyghurs*\]. China Social Science Press.
2. Kemaloğlu, Prof Dr İlyas; Palabıyık, Prof Dr Muhammet Hanefi; Özkuyumcu, Prof Dr Nadir; Hunkan, Prof Dr Ömer Soner; Gürbüz, Doç Dr Meryem; Ahmetbeyoğlu, Dr Öğr üyesi Ali; Dadan, Dr Öğr üyesi Ali; Taşçı, Dr Öğr üyesi Kemal (2018-10-30). *İslam Tarihi ve Medeniyeti - 8: Müslüman Türk Devletleri-1* (in Turkish). Siyer Basim Yayin Dagitim San. Ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. ISBN 9786057558381.
3. Beller-Hann, Ildiko; Cesàro, M. Cristina; Finley, Joanne Smith (2016-12-14). *Situating the Uyghurs Between China and Central Asia*. Routledge. p. 151. ISBN 9781351899895.

## InfoBox

| Musa Baytash Khan | |
| --- | --- |
| Khagan of Karakhanids | |
| Reign | 955–958? |
| Predecessor | Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan |
| Successor | Süleyman Arslan Khan |
|  | |
| House | Karakhanid dynasty |
| Father | Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan |
| Religion | Islam |


title: Xeromammography

abstract: Xeromammography is a photoelectric method of recording an x-ray image on a coated metal plate, using low-energy photon beams, long exposure time, and dry chemical developers. It is a form of xeroradiography. This process was developed in the late 1960s by Jerry Hedstrom, and used to image soft tissue, and later focused on using the process to detect breast cancer.

text:
# Xeromammography

**Xeromammography** is a photoelectric method of recording an x-ray image on a coated metal plate, using low-energy photon beams, long exposure time, and dry chemical developers.

It is a form of xeroradiography.

This process was developed in the late 1960s by Jerry Hedstrom, and used to image soft tissue, and later focused on using the process to detect breast cancer.

## InfoBox

| Xeromammography | |
| --- | --- |
| ICD-9-CM | 87.36 |
| MeSH | D014984 |


title: Alix Delaporte

abstract: Alix Delaporte is a French film director and screenwriter.

text:
# Alix Delaporte

**Alix Delaporte** (born 1969) is a French film director and screenwriter.

## Life and career

Delaporte studied at the London School of Economics between 1988 and 1989, and in 1993, she obtained a master's degree in contemporary history. While attending a screenwriting workshop at La Fémis from 1999 to 2000, Delaporte worked as a reporter and cameraperson at the CAPA Agency and collaborated on a number of television shows. In 2006, her short film *How Do You Brake Going Downhill?* (*Comment on freine dans une descente ?*) was screened at the 63rd Venice International Film Festival, where it won the Silver Lion for Best Short Film. In 2012, her debut feature film *Angel & Tony* earned three nominations at the 37th César Awards and won newcomer awards for lead actors Clotilde Hesme and Grégory Gadebois. Her next film, *The Last Hammer Blow*, played in competition at the 71st Venice International Film Festival. Romain Paul, who played the son of Clothilde Hesme and Grégory Gadebois' characters, won the Marcello Mastroianni Award for his performance in the film.

In 2015, she was part of the jury for the Horizons section of the 72nd Venice International Film Festival.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Credited as | | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Director | Screenwriter | |
| 2001 | *Comme dans un rêve* | Yes |  | Documentary film |
| 2003 | *The Trap* | Yes | Yes | Short film |
| 2004 | *Lea Parker* |  | Yes | TV series |
| 2004 | *Plus belle la vie* |  | Yes | TV series |
| 2006 | *How Do You Brake Going Downhill?* | Yes | Yes | Short film
Silver Lion for Best Short Film |
| 2006 | *Zinedine Zidane \- Son Parcours* | Yes |  | Documentary film |
| 2007 | *Zidane : Le Dernier Match* | Yes |  | Documentary film |
| 2008 | *Fortunes* |  | Yes | Telefilm |
| 2010 | *Angel & Tony* | Yes | Yes | Deauville American Film Festival - Prix Michel d'Ornano
Nominated—César Award for Best First Feature Film |
| 2011 | *Fortunes* |  | Yes | TV series |
| 2014 | *The Last Hammer Blow* | Yes | Yes | 71st Venice International Film Festival - Laterna Magica Prize
Nominated—71st Venice International Film Festival \- Golden Lion |
|

## InfoBox

| Alix Delaporte | |
| --- | --- |
| Alix Delaporte in 2012 | |
| Born | 1969 (age 5455)
Chatou, France |
| Occupation(s) | Film director, screenwriter |
| Years active | 2001–present |


title: My Steve

abstract: My Steve is a biographical account of Terri Irwin's life with her late husband, the zoo owner and television personality Steve Irwin. It was published by Simon & Schuster Australia. Reviewer Bruce Elder wrote: "Terri Irwin tells a simple story with considerable passion and straightforward honesty".

text:
# My Steve

**My Steve** is a biographical account of Terri Irwin's life with her late husband, the zoo owner and television personality Steve Irwin. It was published by Simon & Schuster Australia.

Reviewer Bruce Elder wrote: "*Terri Irwin tells a simple story with considerable passion and straightforward honesty*".

## InfoBox

My Steve
| My Steve | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Terri Irwin |
| Language | English |
| Subject | Steve Irwin |
| Genre | Memoir |
| Publisher | Simon & Schuster Australia |
| Publication date | November 2007 |
| Publication place | Australia |
| Media type | Print (Hardcover |
| Pages | 271 |
| ISBN | 978-0-7318-1333-9 |
| OCLC | 180963623 |
| Dewey Decimal | 597.9092 22 |
| LC Class | QL31.I78 I78 2007 |


title: Means test

abstract: A means test is a determination of whether an individual or family is eligible for government benefits, assistance or welfare, based upon whether the individual or family possesses the means to do with less or none of that help.

text:
# Means test

A **means test** is a determination of whether an individual or family is eligible for government benefits, assistance or welfare, based upon whether the individual or family possesses the means to do with less or none of that help.

## Canada

In Canada, means tests are used for student finance (for post-secondary education), legal aid, and "welfare" (direct transfer payments to individuals to combat poverty). They are not generally used for primary and secondary education which are tax-funded. Means tests for public health insurance were once common but are now illegal, as the Canada Health Act of 1984 requires that all the provinces provide universal healthcare coverage to be eligible for subsidies from the federal government. Means tests are also not used for pensions and seniors' benefits, but there is a clawback of Old Age Security payments for people making over $69,562 (in 2012). The Last Post Fund uses a means test on a deceased veteran's estate and surviving widow to determine whether they are eligible for federal funding to subsidize their funeral.

## United Kingdom

Resentment over a means test was among the factors giving rise to the National Unemployed Workers' Movement in the United Kingdom. Today, **means-tested benefits**—meaning that entitlement is affected by the amount of income, savings, capital and assets— is a central feature of the benefit system. Means testing is also part of the determination of legal aid in a magistrates court and for the higher Crown Court. The means test is based on income, family circumstances and essential living costs. The Beveridge Report of 1942 proposed a system of contributory benefits which would leave only a residual role for means-tested benefits which were then called National Assistance. The income limits are specified in relation to the needs of a household and for savings there are upper limits for some of the benefits. A couple who are not married may be treated as living together as a married couple.

The main means-tested benefits in 2019 were:

Receipt of such benefits other than Housing Benefit and tax credits is a passport to other non-cash help such as free school meals, free prescription charges, Legal Aid, cold weather payment. The claimant, their partner and dependent children are covered. The rules for free NHS dentistry and optical charges have become more complex since the introduction of Universal Credit and have led to many people facing financial penalties, often wrongly. People who are not entitled to any of the qualifying benefits may be able to qualify for help with health charges by a separate means test, the NHS Low Income Scheme. Defunct benefits include:

## United States

Means testing is used to test for eligibility to Medicaid, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, Section 8 housing, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, Pell Grant, Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant, Federal Work-Study Program, direct subsidized student loans, as well as the eligibility for relief for debtors who have sufficient financial *means* to pay a portion of their debts. The means test is perhaps best recognized in the United States as the test used by courts to determine eligibility for Title 11 of the United States Code Chapter 7 or Chapter 13 bankruptcy.

During the Great Depression in the 1930s, the test was used to screen applicants for such programs as Home Relief, and starting in the 1960s, for benefits such as those provided by Medicaid and the Food Stamp Program.

In 1992, third-party presidential candidate Ross Perot proposed that future Social Security benefits be subjected to a means test; though this was hailed by some as a potential solution to a purported impending crisis in funding the program, few other political candidates since Perot have publicly made the same suggestion, which would require costly investigations and might associate accepting those benefits with social stigma.

In 2005, the US substantially changed its bankruptcy laws, adding a means test to prevent wealthy debtors from filing for Chapter 7 Bankruptcy. The most noteworthy change brought by the 2005 BAPCPA amendments occurred within 11 U.S.C. § 707(b). The amendments effectively subject most debtors who make an income, as calculated by the Code, above the median income of the debtor's state to an income-based test. This is referred to as the "means test". The means test provides for a finding of abuse if the debtor's income is higher than a specified portion of their debts. If a presumption of abuse is found under the means test, it may be rebutted only in the case of "special circumstances".

Debtors whose income is below the state's median income are not subject to the means test. The Code-calculated income may be higher or lower than the debtor's actual income at the time of filing for bankruptcy. This has led some commentators to refer to the bankruptcy code's "current monthly income" as "presumed income". If the debtor's debt is not primarily consumer debt, then the means test is inapplicable.

Thus, the means test is a formula designed to keep filers with higher incomes from filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy. These filers may use Chapter 13 bankruptcy to repay a portion of their debts, but may not use Chapter 7 to wipe out their debts altogether. The bankruptcy means test is complex and the terms that govern many parts of it – including those terms that control whether it applies at all – are of unsettled definition.

## Other examples

Other examples of means testing include Medifund in Singapore and medical cards in Ireland. Both are used in the healthcare sector. Australia uses a means test for its Age Pension.

1. Brewster, Murray (4 November 2013). "Veterans burial fund has more money, but access still restricted: budget office". Macleans. The Canadian Press. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
2. "National Unemployed Workers Movement".
3. D'Arcy, Cliff (2009), *The Financial Times Guide to Managing Your Money*, Financial Times, p. 159, ISBN 978-0-273-71703-4
4. "Criminal legal aid: means testing". *GOV.UK*. 1 June 2014. Retrieved 2020-02-26.
5. Coughlan, Sean (18 October 2017). "'Go to the dentist and get fined £100'". BBC. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
6. *Understanding Bankruptcy.* Second Edition. Jeff Ferriell and Edward J. Janger. LexisNexis. 2007. p. 28.
7. McSteen, Martha (1985). "Fifty Years of Social Security". *Social Security Bulletin*. **48** (8). Social Security Administration: 36–44. PMID 3901340. Retrieved 9 September 2014. It should be supplemented by effective private pensions, individual insurance, savings, and other investments; and it should be undergirded by effective means-tested programs.
8. Pyles, Sean (18 July 2016). "Why the bankruptcy means test matters". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
9. 11 U.S.C. § 707(b)(2)(B)
10. Abanet.org
11. Means Testing for Medical Subsidies