title: Palín, Escuintla

abstract: Palín is a municipality in the Escuintla department of Guatemala. The town of Palín, which is the municipal seat, is located on the foothills of the Sierra Madre volcanic chain, south of Guatemala City.

text:
# Palín, Escuintla

**Palín** is a municipality in the Escuintla department of Guatemala. The town of Palín, which is the municipal seat, is located on the foothills of the Sierra Madre volcanic chain, south of Guatemala City.

## History

According to the ancient oral tradition, Palín was settled by the Spanish conquistadores on 30 July 1535, although there is not any written documentation on the exact date that would have taken place. There is, though, a property title from 1751, that references the loss of the original document of the foundation of San Cristóbal Palín.

### Monastery and doctrine of Order of Preachers

Santiago de GuatemalaAmatitlánVerapazSacapulasclass=notpageimage|Order of Preachers convents during the Spanish colony en Guatemala and the approximate area of their surrounding doctrines

After the Spanish conquest of Guatemala, the Spanish crown focused on the Catholic indoctrination of the natives. Human settlements founded by royal missionaries in the New World were called "Indian doctrines" or simply "doctrines". Originally, friars had only temporary missions: teach the Catholic faith to the natives, and then transfer the settlements to secular parishes, just like the ones that existed in Spain at the time; the friars were supposed to teach Spanish and Catholicism to the natives. And when the natives were ready, they could start living in parishes and contribute with mandatory tithing, just like the people in Spain.

But this plan never materialized, mainly because the Spanish crown lost control of the regular orders as soon as their friars set course to America. Shielded by their apostolic privileges granted to convert natives into Catholicism, the missionaries only responded to their order local authorities, and never to that of the Spanish government or the secular bishops. The orders local authorities, in turn, only dealt with their own order and not with the Spanish crown. Once a doctrine had been established, the protected their own economic interests, even against those of the King and thus, the doctrines became Indian towns that remains unaltered for the rest of the Spanish colony.

The doctrines were founded at the friars discretion, given that they were completely at liberty to settle communities provided the main purpose was to eventually transfer it as a secular parish which would be tithing of the bishop. In reality, what happened was that the doctrines grew uncontrollably and were never transferred to any secular parish; they formed around the place where the friars had their monastery and from there, they would go out to preach to settlements that belong to the doctrine and were called "annexes", "visits" or "visit towns". Therefore, the doctrines had three main characteristics:

1. they were independent from external controls (both ecclesiastical and secular)
2. were run by a group of friars
3. had a relatively larger number of annexes.

The main characteristic of the doctrines was that they were run by a group of friars, because it made sure that the community system would continue without any issue when one of the members died.

In 1638, the Order of Preachers split their large doctrines —which meant large economic benefits for them— in groups centered around each one of their six monasteries, including the Amatitlán monastery, to which Palín belonged:

Order of Preachers' doctrines in Amatitlán in 1638
| Convent | Doctrines |
| --- | --- |
| Amatitlán |  |

In 1754, the Order of Preachers had to transfer all of their doctrines and convents to the secular clergy, as part of the Bourbon reforms.

### After independence from Spain: Amatitlán Department creation

After the independence of Central America, and during governor Mariano Rivera Paz time in office, a decree issue on 6 November 1839, created a new independent Departament called Amatitlán which also included Palín and Villa Nueva. The decree says:

1. "The city of Amatitlán, San Cristóbal Palín, Villa Nueva, San Miguel and Santa Inés Petapa and all the annexed locations to these settlements will form an independent district for its political government and will be in charge of a Lieutenant Corregidor, who will act according to the applicable law starting on 2 October of this year and will earn a thousand pesos a year".
2. "In the same district there will be a local court to impart justice".

The district changed its name to Amatitlán Department according to the executive order of 8 May 1866 of field Marshall Vicente Cerna y Cerna government.

### Amatitlán Department dissolution and creation of the Palín municipality

Amatitlán Department was abolished by decree 2081 of 29 April 1935 of president general Jorge Ubico regime. This decree literally reads:

> "Considering that it is convenient for the country's best interest that the Amatitlán Department be dissolved.
> Decrees:
>
> 1. Amatitlán Departament is abolished
> 2. Municipalities of Amatitlán, Villa Nueva, San Miguel Petapa and Villa Canales are incorporated into Guatemala Department and those of Palín and San Vicente Pacaya to the Escuintla Department.
> 3. The executive branch will issue the proper instructions to comply with this decree, which will be in effect on 1 July of this year».

## Climate

Palín has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen: *Aw*).

| Climate data for Palin | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 26.4
(79.5) | 27.0
(80.6) | 28.1
(82.6) | 28.0
(82.4) | 27.5
(81.5) | 26.1
(79.0) | 26.4
(79.5) | 26.5
(79.7) | 25.8
(78.4) | 25.8
(78.4) | 25.9
(78.6) | 25.9
(78.6) | 26.6
(79.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 20.7
(69.3) | 21.0
(69.8) | 22.0
(71.6) | 22.4
(72.3) | 22.3
(72.1) | 21.7
(71.1) | 21.7
(71.1) | 21.7
(71.1) | 21.3
(70.3) | 21.1
(70.0) | 20.8
(69.4) | 20.5
(68.9) | 21.4
(70.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 15.0
(59.0) | 15.1
(59.2) | 15.9
(60.6) | 16.8
(62.2) | 17.2
(63.0) | 17.4
(63.3) | 17.1
(62.8) | 17.0
(62.6) | 16.9
(62.4) | 16.5
(61.7) | 15.8
(60.4) | 15.1
(59.2) | 16.3
(61.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2
(0.1) | 5
(0.2) | 10
(0.4) | 40
(1.6) | 159
(6.3) | 327
(12.9) | 249
(9.8) | 247
(9.7) | 329
(13.0) | 196
(7.7) | 32
(1.3) | 7
(0.3) | 1,603
(63.3) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Geographic location

Palín is completely surrounded by Escuntila Department municipalities, except at North, where it borders Villa Canales, a Guatemala Department municipality:

## Notes and references

### References

1. "Alcaldes electos en el departamento de Escuintla". *Municipalidades de Guatemala* (in Spanish). Guatemala. 10 September 2015. Archived from the original on October 7, 2015. Retrieved 7 October 2015.
2. Citypopulation.de Population of departments and municipalities in Guatemala
3. Citypopulation.de Population of cities & towns in Guatemala
4. Municipalidad de Palín 2007
5. van Oss 1986, p. 53.
6. van Oss 1986, p. 54.
7. Belaubre 2001, p. 39
8. Juarros 1818, p. 338.
9. "Climate: Palin". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
10. SEGEPLAN (n.d.). "Municipios de Escuintla, Guatemala". *Secretaría General de Planificación y Programación de la Presidencia de la República*. Guatemala. Archived from the original on 14 July 2015. Retrieved 13 July 2015.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: year (link)

### Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Palín | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| PalínLocation in Guatemala | |
| Coordinates: 14°24′14″N 90°41′55″W / 14.40389°N 90.69861°W / 14.40389; -90.69861 | |
| Country | Guatemala |
| Department | Escuintla |
| Municipality | Palín |
| Settled | 1525 |
| Incorporated (municipality) | 1935 |
| Government | |
| Type | Municipal |
| Mayor (2016-2020)) | Mario Vitelio Yantuchi Albizures (LIDER) |
| Area | |
| Municipality | 92.2 km2 (35.6 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1,147 m (3,763 ft) |
| Population (census 2018) | |
| Municipality | 65,873 |
| Density | 714/km2 (1,850/sq mi) |
| Urban | 62,095 |
| Ethnicities | Ladino Poqomam |
| Religions | Roman Catholicism Evangelicalism |
| Climate | Aw |
| Website | http://www.munidepalin.com/ |


title: Jindřich Trapl

abstract: Jindřich Trapl, was a Czech chess International Master (IM) (1977), Czechoslovak Chess Championship medalist (1967), European Team Chess Championship individual medalist (1961).

text:
# Jindřich Trapl

**Jindřich Trapl** (24 March 1942 – 29 March 2010), was a Czech chess International Master (IM) (1977), Czechoslovak Chess Championship medalist (1967), European Team Chess Championship individual medalist (1961).

## Biography

From the early 1960s to the early 1970s, Jindřich Trapl was one of the leading Czechoslovakian chess players. He was a multiple participant in the Czechoslovak Chess Championships, where he achieved his best in 1967 when he became a bronze medalist behind winner Július Kozma and silver medalist Jan Smejkal. In 1977, Jindřich Trapl was awarded the FIDE International Master (IM) title.

Jindřich Trapl played for Czechoslovakia in Chess Olympiads participated 2 times (1962, 1972); and in the European Team Chess Championship participated in 1961 and won individual gold medal.

In later years, Jindřich Trapl active participated in correspondence chess tournaments. He won with Czech Republic team 11th Correspondence Chess Olympiad (1992–1999).

## InfoBox

| Jindřich Trapl | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Czechoslovakia <br>Czech Republic |
| Born | (1942-03-24)24 March 1942 |
| Died | 29 March 2010(2010-03-29) (aged 68) |
| Title | International Master (IM) (1977) |


title: Ramcat Run

abstract: Ramcat Run is a 3.75 mi (6.04 km) long 1st order tributary to the Youghiogheny River in Fayette County, Pennsylvania.

text:
# Ramcat Run

**Ramcat Run** is a 3.75 mi (6.04 km) long 1st order tributary to the Youghiogheny River in Fayette County, Pennsylvania.

## Course

Ramcat Run rises about 1.5 miles southeast of Sugar Loaf Knob, and then flows east to join the Youghiogheny River at Huston.

## Watershed

Ramcat Run drains 4.06 square miles (10.5 km2) of area, receives about 48.7 in/year of precipitation, has a wetness index of 350.74, and is about 94% forested.

## InfoBox

| Ramcat Run
Tributary to Youghiogheny River | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of Ramcat Run mouthRamcat Run (the United States) | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Pennsylvania |
| County | Fayette |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | Laurel Run divide |
| location | about 1.5 miles southeast of Sugarloaf Knob |
| coordinates | 39°49′06″N 079°26′15″W / 39.81833°N 79.43750°W / 39.81833; -79.43750 |
| elevation | 2,570 ft (780 m) |
|  | |
| Mouth | Youghiogheny River |
| location | Huston, Pennsylvania |
| coordinates | 39°49′38″N 079°22′33″W / 39.82722°N 79.37583°W / 39.82722; -79.37583 |
| elevation | 1,302 ft (397 m) |
| Length | 3.75 mi (6.04 km) |
| Basin size | 4.06 square miles (10.5 km2) |
|  | |
| Discharge |  |
| location | Youghiogheny River |
| average | 8.68 cu ft/s (0.246 m3/s) at mouth with Youghiogheny River |
|  | |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | Youghiogheny RiverMonongahela RiverOhio RiverMississippi RiverGulf of Mexico |
| River system | Monongahela River |
| Tributaries |  |
| left | unnamed tributaries |
| right | unnamed tributaries |
| Bridges | Sugar Loaf Road, Fire Tower Road, Ram Cat Road (x2) |


title: Yvonne Hubert

abstract: Yvonne Hubert was a Belgian-born Canadian pianist and pedagogue. Considered one of the most eminent professors of Canada, for her strong personality, inexhaustible energy and exceptional quality of her teaching, Yvonne Hubert deeply influenced her students by giving them a strong technical background, and so enriched musical life in Montreal and Canada.

text:
# Yvonne Hubert

**Yvonne Hubert** (28 May 1895  8 June 1988) was a Belgian-born Canadian pianist and pedagogue. Considered one of the most eminent professors of Canada, for her strong personality, inexhaustible energy and exceptional quality of her teaching, Yvonne Hubert deeply influenced her students by giving them a strong technical background, and so enriched musical life in Montreal and Canada.

## Biography

Hubert was born in Mouscron, Belgium in 1895. She began her musical studies at the Conservatory of Lille, where she won the first prize for piano in 1906. Her remarkable talent attracted the attention of Alfred Cortot, André Gedalge, Egon Petri, and Gabriel Fauré. She enrolled at the Paris Conservatoire in 1906, first studying piano with Marguerite Long and later in 1908, with Alfred Cortot. She also studied chamber music with Camille Chevillard and theory with Maurice Emmanuel. She won first prize for piano at the Paris Conservatoire in 1911.

Under the tutelage of Fauré, who entrusted her with the first performances of several of his works, she began a career as a soloist and chamber musician in France, Belgium, Canada and the United States, and also accompanied her brother, cellist Marcel Hubert.

In 1926, she moved to Montreal and in 1929 and founded the Alfred Cortot School of Piano, to promote the French tradition, and in particular the method of Cortot.

From 1945 to 1970 she taught at the Conservatoire de Musique de Montréal. She also taught at the École de musique Vincent d'Indy from 1952 to 1979.

Her students, many of whom have won national and international competitions, included: Henri Brassard, Philip Cohen, André Laplante, Michel Dussault, Marc Durand, Janina Fialkowska, Lorraine Prieur, William Tritt, Louis Lortie, Marc-André Hamelin, Claude Labelle, Gérald Lévesque, Kenneth Gilbert, Suzanne Blondin, Suzanne Goyette, Serge Garant, Gilles Manny and Ronald Turini.

## Honours

* 1979 - Medal of the Canadian Music Council
* 1979 - Honorary Diploma of the Canadian Conference of the Arts
* 1981 - Honorary LLD from Concordia University, Montreal
* 1987 - Price Calixa-Lavallée
* 1989 - The Place des Arts named its largest rehearsal room in her honour.

## InfoBox

| Yvonne Hubert | |
| --- | --- |
| Hubert, c.1926 | |
| Born | 28 May 1895 (1895-05-28)<br>Mouscron, Belgium |
| Died | 8 June 1988 (1988-06-09) (aged 93) |
| Occupation(s) | Pianist, teacher |


title: Miho, Ibaraki

abstract: Miho is a village located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2020, the village had an estimated population of 14,504 in 5907 households and a population density of 218 persons per km⁲. The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 32.0%. The total area of the village is 66.61 square kilometres (25.72 sq mi). The village holds one of the two Japan Racing Association's training centers.

text:
# Miho, Ibaraki

**Miho** (美浦村, *Miho-mura*) is a village located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2020, the village had an estimated population of 14,504 in 5907 households and a population density of 218 persons per km2. The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 32.0%. The total area of the village is 66.61 square kilometres (25.72 sq mi). The village holds one of the two Japan Racing Association's training centers (the other is in Ritto, Shiga).

## Geography

Located in southern Ibaraki Prefecture, Miho is bordered by Lake Kasumigaura to the north and east.

### Surrounding municipalities

Ibaraki Prefecture

### Climate

Miho has a Humid continental climate (Köppen *Cfa*) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light snowfall. The average annual temperature in Miho is 13.9 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1344 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.9 °C, and lowest in January, at around 3.1 °C.

## Demographics

Per Japanese census data, the population of Miho peaked around the year 2000 and has declined since.

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1950 | 9,992 |  |
| 1960 | 9,178 | −8.1% |
| 1970 | 8,066 | −12.1% |
| 1980 | 13,509 | +67.5% |
| 1990 | 14,348 | +6.2% |
| 2000 | 18,219 | +27.0% |
| 2010 | 17,299 | −5.0% |
| 2020 | 14,602 | −15.6% |

## History

The villages of Kihara and Anju were created with the establishment of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889. The two villages were merged to form the village of Miho on April 1, 1955.

## Government

Miho has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral village council of 12 members. Miho contributes one member to the Ibaraki Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the village is part of Ibaraki 6th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

## Economy

The economy of Miho is primarily agricultural, including aquaculture on Lake Kasumigaura.

## Education

* Miho has three public elementary schools and one public middle school operated by the village government. The village does not have public high school, but the Ibaraki Prefectural Board of Education operates a special education school for the handicapped..

## Transportation

### Railway

* Miho does not have any passenger rail service.

### Highway

## Local attractions

* Site of Kihara Castle
* Akadaira Shell Midden

## International relations

## Noted people from Miho

Media related to Miho, Ibaraki at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Miho 美浦村 | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Miho Village as seen from the west. Lake Kasumigaura on the left. | |
|  | |
| Location of Miho in Ibaraki Prefecture | |
| Miho | |
| Coordinates: 36°0′16.3″N 140°18′6.8″E / 36.004528°N 140.301889°E / 36.004528; 140.301889 | |
| Country | Japan |
| Region | Kantō |
| Prefecture | Ibaraki |
| District | Inashiki |
| Area | |
| Total | 66.61 km2 (25.72 sq mi) |
| Population (October 2020) | |
| Total | 14,504 |
| Density | 220/km2 (560/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+9 (Japan Standard Time) |
| \- Tree | Wild cherry tree |
| \- Flower | Golden-rayed lily |
| Phone number | 029-885-0340 |
| Address | 1515 Ukeryo, Miho-mura, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki-ken 300-0492 |
| Website | Official website |


title: Pastuszka

abstract: Pastuszka is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Gryfino, within Gryfino County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland, close to the German border. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

text:
# Pastuszka

**Pastuszka** \[pasˈtuʂka\] (formerly German *Viehhof*) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Gryfino, within Gryfino County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland, close to the German border.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

## InfoBox

| Pastuszka | |
| --- | --- |
| Settlement | |
| Pastuszka | |
| Coordinates: 53°11′25″N 14°28′32″E / 53.19028°N 14.47556°E / 53.19028; 14.47556 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | West Pomeranian |
| County | Gryfino |
| Gmina | Gryfino |


title: Midnight Rambler

abstract: "Midnight Rambler" is a song by English rock band The Rolling Stones, released on their 1969 album Let It Bleed. The song is a loose biography of Albert DeSalvo, who confessed to being the Boston Strangler. Keith Richards has called the number "a blues opera" and the quintessential Jagger-Richards song, stating in the 2012 documentary Crossfire Hurricane that "nobody else could have written that song."

text:
# Midnight Rambler

"**Midnight Rambler**" is a song by English rock band The Rolling Stones, released on their 1969 album *Let It Bleed*. The song is a loose biography of Albert DeSalvo, who confessed to being the Boston Strangler.

Keith Richards has called the number "a blues opera" and the quintessential Jagger-Richards song, stating in the 2012 documentary *Crossfire Hurricane* that "nobody else could have written that song."

## Composition and recordings

On the composing of the song, Mick Jagger said in a 1995 interview with *Rolling Stone*,

> That's a song Keith and I really wrote together. We were on a holiday in Italy. In this very beautiful hill town, Positano, for a few nights. Why we should write such a dark song in this beautiful, sunny place, I really don't know. We wrote everything there – the tempo changes, everything. And I'm playing the harmonica in these little cafes, and there's Keith with the guitar.

When asked about the song in a 1971 interview with *Rolling Stone*, Richards said:

> Usually when you write, you just kick Mick off on something and let him fly on it, just let it roll out and listen to it and start to pick up on certain words that are coming through, and it's built up on that. A lot of people still complain they can't hear the voice properly. If the words come through it's fine, if they don't, that's all right too, because anyway that can mean a thousand different things to anybody.

The song's lyrics include the verse:

> Did you hear about the midnight rambler
> Well, honey, it's no rock 'n' roll show
> Well, I'm a-talkin' about the midnight gambler
> Yeah, the one you never seen before

The studio version of the track (which runs 6:53) was recorded during the spring of 1969 at London's Olympic Sound Studios and Trident Studios. Jagger performs vocals and harmonica, while Richards plays all guitars using standard tuning for the main guitars and open E tuning for the slide. Bill Wyman plays bass and Charlie Watts drums, while multi-instrumentalist Brian Jones is credited with playing the congas. The song bears similarity to "The Boudoir Stomp" and "Edward's Thrump Up", recorded in April 1969 by the band minus Keith Richards and Brian Jones, featuring Ry Cooder on guitar and Nicky Hopkins on piano. The sessions were released on the 1972 LP *Jamming With Edward*. Jones' congas are audible during the middle part of the track, playing on the downbeats and following the guitar responding to the lead vocals. It starts at around the 4:30 mark.

The Rolling Stones debuted "Midnight Rambler" on stage on 5 July 1969 and performed it regularly in concert through 1976; performances frequently included Jagger crawling around and lashing the stage with his belt. One notable 1969 performance (running just over nine minutes) was captured for the 1970 album *Get Yer Ya-Ya's Out!* and was re-released on the 1971 compilation album *Hot Rocks 1964-1971*. This rendition features Mick Taylor on lead guitar, in addition to Jagger, Richards, Wyman and Watts. The bootleg *Live'r Than You'll Ever Be* includes a performance in Oakland, California, in November 1969. Versions from 1975 following the departure of Taylor from the band feature Ronnie Wood instead of Taylor. Some of the 1975 versions are the longest live renditions ever, clocking in at almost 15 minutes.

"Midnight Rambler" returned to the Rolling Stones' repertoire in 1989 and has remained a powerful concert favourite ever since. The January 2003 rendition featured in the Stones' concert collection *Four Flicks* runs about twelve minutes, while a briefer July 1995 performance appears on *Totally Stripped* (2016). The Stones with special guest former band member Mick Taylor played the song at all the concerts of the 50 & Counting... tour, including 12-minute versions of "Midnight Rambler" during their 25 November 2012 concert at London's O2 Arena, at the 2013 Glastonbury Festival, and during their July 2013 Hyde Park concerts, as seen in *Sweet Summer Sun: Hyde Park Live*.

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| "Midnight Rambler" | |
| --- | --- |
| Song by The Rolling Stones | |
| from the album  *Let It Bleed* | |
| Released | 5 December 1969 (1969-12-05) |
| Recorded | Spring 1969 |
| Studio | Olympic Sound & Trident, London |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 6:53 |
| Label | Decca/ABKCO |
| Songwriter(s) | Jagger/Richards |
| Producer(s) | Jimmy Miller |


title: Pan Fan

abstract: Pan Fan was a politician of the Ming dynasty. Entering service with the imperial examination in 1466, he was appointed as provincial inspector of Sichuan in 1496, and subsequently as Viceroy of Liangguang in 1501. In his later years, he offended the eunuch Liu Jin and was subsequently exiled to Suzhou.

text:
# Pan Fan

**Pan Fan** (Chinese: 潘番) (1438 - 1516) was a politician of the Ming dynasty.

Entering service with the imperial examination in 1466, he was appointed as provincial inspector of Sichuan in 1496, and subsequently as Viceroy of Liangguang in 1501.

In his later years, he offended the eunuch Liu Jin and was subsequently exiled to Suzhou (in present-day Gansu).

## InfoBox

| Pan Fan | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1438 |
| Died | 1516 |
| Occupation(s) | Ming dynasty official, Provincial inspector of Sichuan, Viceroy of Liangguang |


title: HMS Grace (1794)

abstract: HMS Grace was one of 11 Thames sailing barges that the Admiralty purchased in 1794 for the British Royal Navy. After the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars the Navy found itself without vessels capable of inshore work and riverine operations. In 1795 the Admiralty started to order purpose-built schooner or brigantine-rigged gun vessels. Mr. G. Garnault commissioned Grace in October 1796. His replacement was Mr. W. Goodall. In June 1798 Mr. Edward Dawson took command. On 10 July Dawson and Mr. John Matthew Miller, master of New Betsey, dined together on New Betsey, together with their families and other non-commissioned officers, while both barges were at Sheerness. The meal included the imbibing of much wine, and a disagreement developed between Miller and Dawson. Dawson left New Betsey and landed on the beach. When Miller stepped out of a boat to help the ladies disembark, Dawson came up and using his hanger, stabbed Miller, killing him. Dawson's trial took place 25 July at Maidstone, where the jury quickly found him guilty of murder. Dawson was hanged on 27 July on Penenden Heath. The "Principal Officers and Commissioners of His Majesty's Navy" offered Grace, of 69 tons (bm), for sale on 24 October 1798. She sold then.

text:
# HMS Grace (1794)

**HMS *Grace*** was one of 11 Thames sailing barges that the Admiralty purchased in 1794 for the British Royal Navy. After the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars the Navy found itself without vessels capable of inshore work and riverine operations. In 1795 the Admiralty started to order purpose-built schooner or brigantine-rigged gun vessels.

Mr. G. Garnault commissioned *Grace* in October 1796. His replacement was Mr. W. Goodall. In June 1798 Mr. Edward Dawson took command.

On 10 July Dawson and Mr. John Matthew Miller, master of *New Betsey*, dined together on *New Betsey*, together with their families and other non-commissioned officers, while both barges were at Sheerness. The meal included the imbibing of much wine, and a disagreement developed between Miller and Dawson. Dawson left *New Betsey* and landed on the beach. When Miller stepped out of a boat to help the ladies disembark, Dawson came up and using his hanger, stabbed Miller, killing him. Dawson's trial took place 25 July at Maidstone, where the jury quickly found him guilty of murder. Dawson was hanged on 27 July on Penenden Heath.

The "Principal Officers and Commissioners of His Majesty's Navy" offered *Grace*, of 69 tons (bm), for sale on 24 October 1798. She sold then.

## Citations

* Grocott, Terence (1997). *Shipwrecks of the Revolutionary & Napoleonic Eras*. London: Chatham. ISBN 1861760302.
* Winfield, Rif (2008). *British Warships in the Age of Sail 17931817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates*. Seaforth. ISBN 978-1-86176-246-7.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Great Britain | |
| Name | HMS *Grace* |
| Acquired | By purchase under Admiralty order 3 February 1794 |
| Fate | Sold 1798 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | River barge |
| Tons burthen | 69 (bm) |
| Length | * 57 ft 1+12 in (17.412 m) (overall) * 46 ft 7+14 in (14.2 m) (keel) |
| Beam | 16 ft 9+14 in (5.112 m) |
| Depth of hold | 4 ft 11 in (1.50 m) |
| Complement | 60 |
| Armament | 2 × 18-pounder guns + 1 × 32-pounder carronade |


title: Ramcat Historic District

abstract: The Ramcat Historic District, also known as the Schuylkill Historic District, is a national historic district that is located in the Rittenhouse Square West neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

text:
# Ramcat Historic District

The **Ramcat Historic District**, also known as the Schuylkill Historic District, is a national historic district that is located in the Rittenhouse Square West neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

## History and architectural features

This district encompasses 613 contributing buildings and includes a mix of transportation-related, residential, and industrial properties. The mid- to late-nineteenth-century housing stock is characterized as two-story, rowhouse dwellings for the working class. Notable non-residential buildings include the Wanamaker delivery garage, Gimbel's delivery garage, Lanston Monotype Co., Lippincott and Co. Press Building, Thornton-Fuller Auto Assembly Plant (1925), Crane Ice Cream Co. (1904, 1914), and the New York Pie Baking Co.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Ramcat Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
| South 25th, Ramcat Historic District, February 2014 | |
|  | |
| Location | Roughly bounded by Market, Twenty-third, and Bainbridge Sts., and RR yards, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
| Coordinates | 39°56′55″N 75°10′54″W / 39.94861°N 75.18167°W / 39.94861; -75.18167 |
| Area | 48 acres (19 ha) |
| Architect | Multiple |
| Architectural style | Late 19th And 20th Century Revivals, Late Victorian, Federal |
| NRHP reference No. | 86000055 |
| Added to NRHP | January 8, 1986 |


title: Yvonne Hughes

abstract: Yvonne Evelyn Hughes was a dancer in the Ziegfeld Follies and an actress in silent motion pictures.

text:
# Yvonne Hughes

**Yvonne Evelyn Hughes** (1900 - December 26, 1950) was a dancer in the Ziegfeld Follies and an actress in silent motion pictures.

## Biography

### Career and personal life

Hughes appeared in films with Gloria Swanson and once danced with Rudolph Valentino. Her movie appearances came in 1923 and 1924. She had roles in *Lawful Larceny*, *Zaza*, *Big Brother*, *A Society Scandal*, and *Monsieur Beaucaire*. She also appeared in *Rio Rita*, and *Whoopi!* 1928-1929, a musical comedy. She was married to Charles Alvin Hamilton Feick October 20, 1917, in Wellsburg, West Virginia, US, and divorced him on November 6, 1920. They had a son Charles A “Papa” Feick, Jr born May 30, 1918, in McKeesport, Pennsylvania, and died November 8, 1988, in the state of Maryland. In 1928, Hughes married Gordon Godowsky, son of Leopold Godowsky. The marriage lasted one year. In 1932, Godowsky committed suicide over financial trouble.

### Murder

On December 26, 1950, Hughes was murdered in the New York City hotel room of Birger Nordkvist, a Swedish apple picker who worked for a western New York cider firm. Earlier that night, Nordkvist got into a cab driven by John McDonald, who had lived with Hughes for fourteen years. McDonald offered to take him to the Ashland Hotel, where he kept a room. Nordkvist met Hughes, who demonstrated some old dance routines for him, and they drank beer through the night and into the next morning; all the while, McDonald was driving his taxi. After Hughes rebuffed Nordkvist's advances, Nordkvist strangled her by tying his handkerchief around her throat and stuffing a silk scarf into her mouth. Nordkvist was arrested in Utica, New York, where he went after leaving the hotel.

## Selected filmography

* *New York Times*, "Apple Picker Held For Hotel Killing", December 29, 1950, Page 12.
* *Pasco, Washington Tri-City Herald*, "Question Apple Picker After Aging Follies Beauty Found Strangled", December 27, 1950, Page 2.
* *San Mateo, California Times*, "Ziegfeld Girl Strangled", December 26, 1950, Page 2.

## InfoBox

| Yvonne Hughes | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Yvonne Evelyn Hughes
1900
McKeesport, Pennsylvania |
| Died | December 26, 1950 (aged 50)
New York City, New York |
| Occupation(s) | Actress, dancer |
| Spouse | Gordon Godowsky (1928–1929) |
| Partner | John McDonald (1936–1950) |


title: Mike Mitchell (baseball)

abstract: Michael Francis Mitchell was an outfielder in Major League Baseball from 1907 to 1914. He played for the Cincinnati Reds, Chicago Cubs, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Washington Senators. Known for his powerful throwing arm, Mitchell was also a decent hitter who led the National League in triples twice. He stood at 6' 1" and weighed 185 lbs.

text:
# Mike Mitchell (baseball)

**Michael Francis Mitchell** (December 12, 1879 – July 16, 1961) was an outfielder in Major League Baseball from 1907 to 1914. He played for the Cincinnati Reds, Chicago Cubs, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Washington Senators. Known for his powerful throwing arm, Mitchell was also a decent hitter who led the National League in triples twice. He stood at 6' 1" and weighed 185 lbs.

## Minor league career

Mitchell was born in Springfield, Ohio. He started his professional baseball career in 1902 with the New York State League's Schenectady Electricians. He stayed in the NYSL for the next two seasons and then moved to the Pacific Coast League in 1905. In 1906, he had "one of the greatest minor-league seasons of the Deadball Era", winning the batting title and also leading the PCL in hits, home runs, total bases, and slugging percentage.

## Major league career

Mitchell went to the major leagues the following season with the Cincinnati Reds. He made an immediate impact as a rookie, finishing seventh in the batting race and leading the National League in outfield assists, with 39. The assists mark set a record that was not broken until 1930. According to Bill James, Mitchell had the best outfield arm of his era.

Mitchell slumped in 1908, but he rebounded in 1909 with a career-high .310 batting average and a career-high 152 OPS+. He led the league in triples, with 17, and finished second in batting average and slugging percentage. Mitchell then hit 18 more triples in 1910 to lead the league again. From 1909 to 1911, he scored over 70 runs, drove in over 80 runs, hit over 15 triples, and stole over 30 bases each season.

Mitchell's power numbers went down slightly in 1912, and in December he was traded to the Chicago Cubs. He played for the Cubs, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Washington Senators over the next two seasons before retiring from the game.

Mitchell died in 1961 in Phoenix, Arizona.

## InfoBox

| Mike Mitchell | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| **Outfielder** | |
| **Born:** (1879-12-12)December 12, 1879
Springfield, Ohio, U.S. | |
| **Died:** July 16, 1961(1961-07-16) (aged 81)
Phoenix, Arizona, U.S. | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| April 11, 1907, for the Cincinnati Reds | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| April 30, 1914, for the Washington Senators | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Batting average | .278 |
| Hits | 1,138 |
| Home runs | 27 |
| Runs batted in | 514 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
| * Led NL in triples twice (1909, 1910) | |


title: William Julius Lowthian Plowden

abstract: The Honourable William Julius Lowthian Plowden was a British political science academic and government advisor.

text:
# William Julius Lowthian Plowden

The Honourable **William Julius Lowthian Plowden** (7 February 1935  26 June 2010) was a British political science academic and government advisor.

## Biography

Plowden's parents were both public servants and he was educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge, where he took his doctorate. He was awarded a Harkness Fellowship at the University of California in Berkeley. On his return he was briefly in 1958 a staff writer for *The Economist*, then joined in 1959 with a stellar pass of the annual Civil service examination the Board of Trade. In 1965 he left the civil service when he was appointed as lecturer on government at the London School of Economics (LSE).

Plowden joined Edward Heath's Downing Street think-tank the Central Policy Review Staff (CPRS) as a founder-member, before a short period in 1977 as an Under Secretary in the Department of Industry.

Plowden then joined the Royal Institute of Public Administration as Director-General, where he stayed for ten years.

Plowden rejoined the LSE in 1982. He later wrote a candid book with Tessa Blackstone about advising government. He later went to New York as executive director of the Harkness Fellowships from 1988 to 1991, and was subsequently Senior Adviser to the Harkness Fellowships in London from 1991 to 1998.

Plowden held a number of research professorships, notably at Warwick University. He was a member from 1987 to 2006 of the Court of Governors at the LSE and in 2000 was elected to its Council. He continued to act as an independent consultant from 1991.

## Legacy and selected publications

*The Motor Car and Politics*, published around 1970, posed the question: "Can we afford the car?" It forecast out-of-town shopping centres that would destroy Britain's high streets.

*A Joint Framework for Social Policies*, published in 1975, was described by the *Daily Telegraph* in his obituary as a "landmark".

*Inside the Think Tank* was co-written with Blackstone in 1988 and attacked the cut by Margaret Thatcher of the CPRS as "manifestly absurd". In a spat with Oxford University Press over changes demanded by the Cabinet Secretary, they eventually published at Heinemann.

*Ministers and Mandarins* was published by him alone in 1994.

The William Plowden Fellowship Lecture is held annually at the LSE's Department of Social Policy.

### Plowden Lectures

* 2017: "Localism and devolution - Exploring the role and prospects for cooperative governance of prisons and prison services"

## Family

In 1960 Plowden wed Veronica Gascoigne, with whom he had two sons and two daughters.


title: Fire Under My Feet

abstract: "Fire Under My Feet" is a song by British singer and songwriter Leona Lewis from her fifth studio album, I Am (2015). It was released as the lead single from the album on 7 June 2015 by Island and Def Jam. An uptempo song with gospel influences, "Fire Under My Feet" was recorded at Kite Music Studios in Los Angeles and was written by Lewis with Toby Gad, who also produced the song.

text:
# Fire Under My Feet

"**Fire Under My Feet**" is a song by British singer and songwriter Leona Lewis from her fifth studio album, *I Am* (2015). It was released as the lead single from the album on 7 June 2015 by Island and Def Jam. An uptempo song with gospel influences, "Fire Under My Feet" was recorded at Kite Music Studios in Los Angeles and was written by Lewis with Toby Gad, who also produced the song.

## Background and release

During an interview with Lewis Corner for Digital Spy in November 2013, Lewis revealed that she had been "getting ideas together" for her next studio album during the summer of 2013, but had to postpone the recording of the album until January 2014, as she was focusing on the promotion of her holiday album, *Christmas, with Love*. Throughout early-mid 2014, Lewis commenced to part ways with Syco, the label to which she had previously been signed since winning the third series of British reality singing competition, *The X Factor* in 2006. The news was revealed on 3 June 2014, where it was also revealed that she had joined to Island Records. Lewis stated that the move was a "dream come true" and that she could not wait to "start making music" on the new label.

On 19 December 2014, a short clip of Lewis performing a new song was uploaded to her Facebook account with the caption "Getting ready for 2015..."; the video referred to the song as being called "Fire Under My Feet" A second clip was uploaded to Lewis' personal YouTube account on 12 February 2015 where the song was titled "Fire". Throughout early-mid 2015, more snippets of the track and its music video surfaced over the internet, revealing that the release date of the track's full music video to be 11 May 2015 and confirming the track's title to be "Fire Under My Feet". A day before the planned release of the track's music video, the official single cover for "Fire Under My Feet" was released on 10 May 2015.

The full song made its debut on BBC Radio 2 on 11 May 2015, with the music video for being uploaded to Lewis's YouTube account later that same day, several weeks before the single was released for digital download and streaming on 7 June 2015 in the UK. The track was confirmed available for download and stream "everywhere" (on iTunes, Google Play Music, Amazon Music and Spotify) by Def Jam Records on 9 June 2015.

## Music and lyrics

"Fire Under My Feet" is an uptempo song with elements of gospel, which was written by Lewis with Toby Gad. The songs lasts for a duration of three minutes and 34 seconds. Instrumentation consists of a piano and a "foot-tapping, clappy beat". For the chorus, Lewis employs a "diva-like" style of vocals as she sings the lyrics "I got fire under my feet, and I feel it in my heartbeat/ You can't put out these flames/ You can't keep me down in my seat." Upon its release, "Fire Under My Feet" generated numerous comparisons to that of Adele's 2011 single "Rolling in the Deep". A reviewer for MTV UK noted that the uptempo melody and the lyrics "woah, woah, woah" resemble elements the latters song.

Three remixes of "Fire Under My Feet" were uploaded to Lewis' Vevo account throughout May 2015 after the release of the track's music video on 11 May 2015: "Fire Under My Feet (Endor Remix)" was uploaded on 11 May 2015 (the same day as the official music video); "Fire Under My Feet (Steve Pitron & Max Sanna Remix)" was uploaded on 15 May 2015; while "Fire Under My Feet (Benny Benassi Remix)" was uploaded on 22 May 2015. Lewis Corner for Digital Spy described the Endor Remix of the track as a "dance anthem".

## Live performances

Lewis performed the song live on numerous occasions throughout 2015, the first of which was an acoustic performance for BBC Scotland on 3 June 2015. The first televised performance of the track was on Sunday Night at the Palladium on 7 June 2015.

Other notable performances of the track were at G-A-Y Heaven on 13 June 2015, where Lewis also performed two new tracks from her upcoming album I Am: "I Got You" and "Another Love Song"; and on The One Show on 19 June 2015.

## Music video

The official music video for "Fire Under My Feet" was released on 11 May 2015; the video was directed by Declan Whitebloom. Justin Harp for Digital Spy described the video as "inspiring".

On 17 May 2015, a behind the scenes video for "Fire Under My Feet" was uploaded to Lewis' Vevo account. It featured some of the cast who starred in the video talking about how they were able to overcome adversity, tying in with the song's theme of self-empowerment. In the video, Lewis described the song as about having "passion \[...\] even though there's adversity" and described it "incredible" that the cast were able to "overcome \[many obstacles\] to do what they are passionate about".

## Critics reviews and commercial reception

Jocelyn Vena of *Billboard* described the song as "anthemic" and continued to compliment Lewis' vocal performance and prowess.

For the week ending 30 May 2015, "Fire Under My Feet" debuted at number 34 on the U.S. *Billboard* Top Twitter Tracks. The following week it rose to number 12. It debuted at number 45 on the Hot Dance Club Songschart. It rose to 36 the following week. In the UK the single made its debut on the UK Singles Chart at number 51 becoming Leona's second single to miss the top 40, the single did however reach number 26 on the sales only version of the chart. "Fire Under My Feet" also charted at number 26 on the UK Download Chart. It also entered the Scottish Single Chart at number 23.

*The Guardian*'s Michael Cragg wrote a piece for the paper titled "From X Factor to off the charts: why Leona Lewis can't crack the top 40", in article Cragg analysed the why the single "failed to burn up the music charts" in his words. He noted that the British media leaked early details about the release including the song's themes and ultimately suggested that the song was "allegedly a stinging attack on Cowell and how free she is from the shackles of Syco". Cragg also criticised the song itself saying that the song "strong enough to make its mark in today's overcrowded pop market" and concluded that it was "also hard to shake the fact that it sounded better when Adele did it as "Rolling in the Deep" (2010) a few years ago."

## Track listings

## Personnel

Credits sourced from album booklet and liner.

* Leona Lewis – vocals, composer
* Toby Gad – instruments, programming, mixing, composer

## Charts

## Radio and release history

| Country | Date | Version | Format | Label | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Various | 7 June 2015 |  | * Digital single * Digital remixes EP |  |  |
| | | | United States | Def Jam |  |
| | | 6 July 2015 | Digital remix single |  |

## InfoBox

| "Fire Under My Feet" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Leona Lewis | |
| from the album  *I Am* | |
| Released | 7 June 2015 |
| Recorded | 2014 |
| Studio | Kite Music (Los Angeles) |
| Length | 3:34 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Toby Gad |
| Leona Lewis singles chronology | |
| "One More Sleep"
(2013) "**Fire Under My Feet**"
(2015) "I Am"
(2015) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Fire Under My Feet" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Midnight Rescue!

abstract: Midnight Rescue! is an educational and entertainment hybrid computer game created by The Learning Company in 1989 for Windows and Macintosh PCs. The program is designed to help strengthen the reading and critical thinking skills of children grades three to five. Midnight Rescue is a side-scrolling adventure game whose objective is to prevent a school from disappearing by midnight by deducing Morty Maxwell's hiding place. To do this, the player must roam the halls of Shady Glen School and piece together clues received by reading articles and correctly answering questions about them. The game contains a plethora of articles ranging from fictional character diary entries to excerpts from famous works of literature. The game is part of several of the Learning Company's later releases including their "Super Solvers Super Learning Collection" and "Super Solvers Reading Ages 9–12". In 1995, the game was re-released on CD-ROM.

text:
# Midnight Rescue!

***Midnight Rescue!*** is an educational and entertainment hybrid computer game created by The Learning Company in 1989 for Windows and Macintosh PCs. The program is designed to help strengthen the reading and critical thinking skills of children grades three to five.

*Midnight Rescue* is a side-scrolling adventure game whose objective is to prevent a school from disappearing by midnight by deducing Morty Maxwell's hiding place. To do this, the player must roam the halls of Shady Glen School and piece together clues received by reading articles and correctly answering questions about them. The game contains a plethora of articles ranging from fictional character diary entries to excerpts from famous works of literature.

The game is part of several of the Learning Company's later releases including their "Super Solvers Super Learning Collection" and "Super Solvers Reading Ages 9–12". In 1995, the game was re-released on CD-ROM.

## Gameplay

*Midnight Rescue!* is a side-scrolling educational game whose objective is to stop Morty Maxwell (also known as the Master of Mischief), a common antagonist of The Learning Company's *Super Solvers* series and *Treasure* series, from using his robots to paint the school invisible by midnight. To do this, the player must deduce which of the robots he is hiding in by comparing photographs taken of robots to clues obtained by reading passages left around the school and answering questions about them within nine minutes.

During the course of the game, the player will be attacked by Morty's robot henchmen (Buffo, Lectro, Pogo, Rollo, and Turbo), who take the forms of types of paintbrushes. When they appear they will either attempt to crash into the player or launch projectiles like marbles or pies at him. This will cause the player to lose either time (45 seconds) or film (one per crash). If the player uses their camera to take a picture of the robot before this happens, however, the robot will run away, and the player will learn characteristics about that robot. These photos hold information that can be used to identify the robot that Morty is hiding in.

When the player has all four clues and photographs of each robot, they must decide which robot they think the Master of Mischief is hiding in. The player must compare the clues gathered from answered questions to photographs that reveal characteristics about the robots. If the player correctly guesses the robot the Master of Mischief is in, they get a bonus score based on film and the time remaining. This will be added to the total lifetime score. If the player guesses incorrectly or fails to gather enough information by midnight, one of the robots will cover the player with invisible paint, and the player loses the game. Losing a game does not affect the lifetime score.

Each time the player completes the game, their lifetime score increases (although in the 1995 version, the player receives the points they earned if they guess wrong). At certain score amounts, the player will advance a rank and the game becomes more difficult. At higher ranks, more photographs are required of each robot, the robots move faster, some of the articles posted around the school do not contain clues, and the readings become more difficult.

## Development

### *Super Solvers* series

The *Super Solvers* series are computer games released by The Learning Company that have educational and entertainment qualities. *Midnight Rescue!* is the first program of the series to be released. Other programs in this series include *OutNumbered!*, *Spellbound!*, and *Gizmos and Gadgets!* among others.

*Midnight Rescue!* contains over 200 reading sections that consist of character written letters and diary entries as well as excerpts from famous novels. There are over 400 possible questions for these reading sections, meaning that a passage will not always have the same question at the end. To help build vocabulary, *Midnight Rescue!* provides definitions and, in many cases, pronunciations of over 500 words. By making the player choose the correct robot, the game also helps build deductive reasoning skills.

### Music

In lieu of original scores, *Midnight Rescue!* plays famous classical compositions in the background during gameplay. The music heard at the beginning of the game and in the hallways of the school is *The Sorcerer's Apprentice* by Paul Dukas. The music heard inside rooms is "In the Hall of the Mountain King" by Edvard Grieg from Henrik Ibsen's *Peer Gynt*.

### Later versions

In 1995, a more Windows-friendly version with slightly enhanced graphics and sound was released on CD-ROM.

*Midnight Rescue!* was later released under the name "Super Solvers Super Learning Collection!" with both *OutNumbered!* and *Spellbound!* in one of the first bundle packages ever released. Later, it was merged with *Spellbound!* and released under the name "Super Solvers Reading Ages 9–12".

## Reception

*Midnight Rescue!* was one of the first successful combinations of educational and entertaining games. It has received lukewarm to positive reviews. Users at Abandonia gave it a rating of four out of five. A review at Home of the Underdogs gave *Midnight Rescue!* two thumbs up and their Top Dog Award due to the strength of its ability to teach and entertain at the same time.

## InfoBox

| Midnight Rescue! | |
| --- | --- |
| Box art | |
| Developer(s) | The Learning Company |
| Publisher(s) | The Learning Company |
| Platform(s) | MS-DOS, Macintosh |
| Release |  |
| Genre(s) | Educational |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: Palo Alto Junior Museum and Zoo

abstract: Palo Alto Junior Museum and Zoo is located in Palo Alto, California and part of the City of Palo Alto's Community Services Department (CSD). It was founded in 1934 by Josephine O’Hara in the basement of a local elementary school. The small zoo holds approximately 200 species of mostly indigenous wildlife such as bobcats, raccoons, hedgehogs, ducks, bats, snakes and more. The museum has an interactive scientific exhibition that is changed every few years. They offer science classes to local students, over 14,000 students a year. In December 2017, Palo Alto's City Council unanimously approved plans for a $25 million reconstruction project. The museum re-opened to the public in 2021.

text:
# Palo Alto Junior Museum and Zoo

**Palo Alto Junior Museum and Zoo** is located in Palo Alto, California and part of the City of Palo Alto's Community Services Department (CSD). It was founded in 1934 by Josephine O’Hara in the basement of a local elementary school. The small zoo holds approximately 200 species of mostly indigenous wildlife such as bobcats, raccoons, hedgehogs, ducks, bats, snakes and more. The museum has an interactive scientific exhibition that is changed every few years. They offer science classes to local students, over 14,000 students a year.

In December 2017, Palo Alto's City Council unanimously approved plans for a $25 million reconstruction project. The museum re-opened to the public in 2021.

37°26′38″N 122°08′39″W / 37.4438°N 122.1443°W / 37.4438; -122.1443


title: Renier van Tzum

abstract: Renier van Tzum also known as Tzom or Reijnjer van't Zum,, was a merchant/trader and official of the Dutch East India Company.

text:
# Renier van Tzum

**Renier van Tzum** also known as **Tzom** or **Reijnjer van't Zum**, (c. 1600/1606 in Tzum – 21 September 1670 in IJlst), was a merchant/trader and official of the Dutch East India Company (*Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie* or VOC).

## Biography

Van Tzum was born in the Frisian village Tzum or Tzom. He was the son of Marten Jansz (1575?-1624), a captain in the Admiralty of Friesland. His mother died in 1622; two brothers in 1628. It is not known when Van Tzum began working for the VOC. Van Tzum was sent to Siam in 1629. In 1636 he went on a boat ride on the Chao Phraya River with his colleagues. When Jeremias van Vliet left the factory in 1641, Van Tzum was nominated to succeed him, but first in 1643 he was appointed chief factor. He collaborated with Anthonie van Diemen in Batavia, Johan van Twist in Dutch Malacca, Maximiliaan le Maire and François Caron in Formosa, Jan van Elseracq on Deshima and the factors in Persia and at the Coromandel Coast. Van Tzum pretended to be sick when invited by the king.

### Japan

On 29 September 1645 Van Tzum arrived on Deshima, starting as the VOC *opperhoofd* or chief factor on 24 November 1645. As head of the Dutch trading post, he traveled to Edo.

He departed from Nagasaki on 31 December, on a ship with six fellow Dutchmen. They reached the capital on 7 February. As presents Van Tzum handed over spectacles, magnifying glasses, optical lenses, also ones that could be used in a darkroom, and medicines. On 12 February he met with Inoue Masashige.

In Edo, Van Tzum was asked if he had come to Edo with gifts to thank the *shōgun* for the release of the Dutch prisoners or if he had come to pay his respects in the usual manner. Van Tzum answered that he had come to do both, but this answer did not satisfy the bakufu. On 8 March Inoue informed van Tzum that the Dutch did not appear to adequately value the release of the Dutch prisoners.

Upon his return to Nagasaki, the chief factor was informed by the interpreters that Nanjing had been occupied by the Qing dynasty and that Zheng Zhilong had sent a request for military support to the bakufu. Two junks arrived in Nagasaki from Nanjing. The crew members of these junks had been forced to wear queues. The bakufu prohibited any dealings with ships from Nanjing.

Van Tzum succeeded in getting permission to export copper. He handed over the factory to his successor, Verstegen, on 7 October 1646. Three weeks later, on 27 October 1646, he left Japan.

### Return

In January 1647 he left Batavia on the *Haerlem*. The ship was lost in a storm near Table Bay in March. Sixty men settled for one year on the mainland, but Van Tzum had sailed back earlier on one of the other two ships. Back in the Dutch republic he settled in Cornjum where he married in 1648. In 1654 he moved to IJlst and became a member of the vroedschap. His appointment as burgomaster by William Frederick, Prince of Nassau-Dietz was not without trouble. The next year he was elected as deputee to the States of Friesland and in 1658 in a board, checking the provincial finances.


title: Jim Cant

abstract: Jim Cant is a Scottish former footballer who played for Arbroath, Montrose and Raith Rovers.

text:
# Jim Cant

**Jim Cant** is a Scottish former footballer who played for Arbroath, Montrose and Raith Rovers.

## InfoBox

Jim Cant
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Arbroath Lad's Club | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1963–1975 | Arbroath | 283 | (57) |
|  | Raith Rovers | 2 | (0) |
|  | Montrose | 39 | (2) |
| Total |  | **324** | **(59)** |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Ramchandarpur

abstract: Ramchandrapur is an administrative block/Tehsil/Taluka of Balrampur district, in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh.

text:
# Ramchandarpur

**Ramchandrapur** is an administrative block/Tehsil/Taluka of Balrampur district, in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh.

## Geography

Ramchandarpur is located 70 km North from District headquarters Balrampur, Chhattisgarh. Ramchandrapur Tehsil Headquarters is the Ramchadrapur town.

Ramchandrapur Tehsil is bounded by China Tehsil towards the East, Ranka Tehsil towards the East, Wadrafnagar Tehsil towards the west, Dandai Tehsil towards the North. Garhwa City, Renukoot City, Daltonganj City, Kota City are nearby cities.

It is 533m elevation (altitude). It sits on the border of the Surguja District and Garhwa District. Garhwa District Chinia is East towards it. Ramchandarpur is near to the Jharkhand State Border.

## Amenities

Notable tourist attractions include Surguja, Betla National Park, Palamu, Ambikapur and Rohtasgarh Fort.

## InfoBox

| Ramchandrapur | |
| --- | --- |
| Block | |
| RamchandrapurLocation in Chhattisgarh, IndiaRamchandrapurRamchandrapur (India) | |
| Coordinates: 23°55′N 83°29′E / 23.92°N 83.49°E / 23.92; 83.49 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Chhattisgarh |
| District | Balrampur |
| Block | Ramchandrapur |
| Languages | |
| Official | Bhojpuri, Hindi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 497220 |
| Vehicle registration | CG |


title: Nabokov (crater)

abstract: Nabokov is a crater on Mercury. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) on April 24, 2012. Nabokov is named for the Russian and American author Vladimir Nabokov. Nabokov is one of 110 peak ring basins on Mercury. To the west is another peak-ring basin, Holst, of similar size. To the north of Nabokov is Martins crater, and to the northeast is Barney. Nabokov lies on the east side of the ancient Lennon-Picasso Basin. About 137 km to the northeast of Barney is the highest point on Mercury, the highest part of scarps that are remnants of the rim of the Lennon-Picasso Basin.

text:
# Nabokov (crater)

**Nabokov** is a crater on Mercury. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) on April 24, 2012. Nabokov is named for the Russian and American author Vladimir Nabokov.

Nabokov is one of 110 peak ring basins on Mercury. To the west is another peak-ring basin, Holst, of similar size. To the north of Nabokov is Martins crater, and to the northeast is Barney. Nabokov lies on the east side of the ancient Lennon-Picasso Basin. About 137 km to the northeast of Barney is the highest point on Mercury (over 4 km above the global average), the highest part of scarps that are remnants of the rim of the Lennon-Picasso Basin.

## InfoBox

Nabokov
| MESSENGER WAC mosaic of Nabakov | |
| --- | --- |
| Feature type | Peak-ring impact basin |
| Location | Derain quadrangle, Mercury |
| Coordinates | 14°34′S 55°46′E / 14.56°S 55.76°E / -14.56; 55.76 |
| Diameter | 166 km (103 mi) |
| Eponym | Vladimir Nabokov |


title: Mike Dempsey (intelligence)

abstract: Michael P. Dempsey is a former acting Director of National Intelligence, serving from January 20, 2017 to March 15, 2017.

text:
# Mike Dempsey (intelligence)

**Michael P. Dempsey** is a former acting Director of National Intelligence, serving from January 20, 2017 to March 15, 2017.

## Biography

Previously, Dempsey served as the deputy director of national intelligence and President Obama's primary intelligence briefer from 2014 to 2017. In this role, he led the integration of the US intelligence community's 16 agencies. Dempsey also regularly participated in National Security Council, Principal, and Deputy Committee meetings and presented congressional testimony.

Dempsey is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR). Formerly CFR's National Intelligence Fellow, Dempsey published 45 articles in more than a dozen publications, including *Foreign Affairs*, *Foreign Policy*, *Bloomberg*, CNN, WIRED, *Harvard Business Review*, *Washington Post*, *Wall Street Journal*, and the *New York Times*.

Dempsey is currently vice president of government affairs for space, cyber, and intelligence at Northrop Grumman. He is also a non-resident research scholar at Columbia University.

## Selected publications

## InfoBox

| Mike Dempsey | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Director of National Intelligence | |
| **Acting** | |
| **In office**
January 20, 2017  March 15, 2017 | |
| President | Donald Trump |
| Preceded by | James Clapper |
| Succeeded by | Dan Coats |
| Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Intelligence Integration | |
| **In office**
August 1, 2014  March 15, 2017 | |
| President | Barack Obama
Donald Trump |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Education | Siena College (BA)
State University of New York, Albany (MA)
Johns Hopkins University (MPA) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Branch/service | United States Army |
| Years of service | 1986-1990 |
| Unit | 101st Airborne Division |
|  | |


title: William Julius Mickle (physician)

abstract: William Julius Mickle was a Canadian-British medical doctor and medical superintendent of a mental asylum in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. He is known for his 1880 book General Paralysis of the Insane with a 2nd edition in 1886.

text:
# William Julius Mickle (physician)

**William Julius Mickle** FRCP (13 March 1845, Guelph Township, Canada West – 14 November 1917, Barrie, Southern Ontario) was a Canadian-British medical doctor and medical superintendent of a mental asylum in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. He is known for his 1880 book *General Paralysis of the Insane* with a 2nd edition in 1886.

## Biography

He was a great-grandson of the Scottish poet William Julius Mickle and a grandson of Charles Julius Mickle, who emigrated from Scotland to Canada. The Canadian W. Julius Mickle studied medicine at Philadelphia's Jefferson Medical College and at the University of Toronto. In Toronto he graduated with an M.B. in 1866 and an M.D. in 1867. He went to England for medical training at London's St Thomas' Hospital. There he studied mental diseases and received in 1869 the diplomas M.R.C.S. and L.S.A. He was appointed in 1873 the medical superintendent of London's Grove Hall Private Lunatic Asylum, where he worked until he retired at about the age of 62. In 1879 he became a Member of the Royal College of Physicians. During his career in London he was also appointed to lectureships in mental physiology and mental diseases at Middlesex Hospital Medical School and at University College Hospital.

In retirement he lived in Bayswater, West London, until the last few years of his life. Failing health caused him to return to Canada, where he joined relatives until his death.

Mickel was appointed in 1887 a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (F.R.C.P.). In 1888 he was the Goulstonian Lecturer. He advocated an extremely limited use of mechanical restraints for mentally ill patients. He was a leading expert on British law related to mental illness and the relation of syphilis to insanity and general paralysis. He contributed to Daniel Hack Tuke's 2-volume *Dictionary of Psychological Medicine* (J. & A. Churchill, 1892). For the academic year 1895–1896 Mickle was the president of the Medico-Psychological Association (which is now called the Royal College of Psychiatrists). In 1906 the University of Toronto awarded him an Honorary LL.D.

After Mickle's retirement, the University of London established the William Julius Mickle Fellowship (sometimes referred to as the Julius Mickle Fellowship). This fellowship was awarded in 1927 to Percival Hartley and in 1954 to Philip Eggleton. In honour of his parents, Mickie's will established two awards, the "Charles Mickle Fellowship" and the "Ellen Mickle Fellowship", in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Toronto in 1921. The Charles Mickle Fellowship was awarded in 1944 to Alexander Fleming, in 1952 to Norman Gregg, and in 1964 to Peter Joseph Moloney. In 1954 the Ellen Mickle Fellowship was awarded to Keith Roy Wightman.

## Selected publications

* Mickle, W. Julius (1877). "Unilateral Sweating in General Paralysis of the Insane". *Journal of Mental Science*. **23** (102): 196–213. doi:10.1192/bjp.23.102.196.
* (1881). "Rapid Death from Haemorrhage into the Pons Varolii and Medulla Oblongata". *BMJ*. **2** (1074): 150–152. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.1074.150. PMC 2264021. PMID 20749944.
* (1882). "The Knee-jerk in General Paralysis". *Journal of Mental Science*. **28** (123): 343–347. doi:10.1192/bjp.28.123.343.
* (1883). "Case of Acute Peritonitis following Intestinal Perforation". *BMJ*. **1** (1170): 1063. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.1170.1063. PMC 2372533. PMID 20750624.
* Kirk, R.;  (1886). "The Pupils in Cheyne-Stokes' Respiration". *The Lancet*. **128** (3302): 1153–1154. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)49551-6. (two independently authored letters to the editor)
* (1896). "Extract. Chapter I. Atypical and Unusual Brain-Forms, especially in Relation to Mental Status: A Study on Brain-Surface Morphology". *Journal of Mental Science*. **42** (178): 541–583. doi:10.1192/bjp.42.178.541.
* (1898). "Extract. Chapter VIII. Atypical and unusual Brain-Forms, especially in relation to Mental Status: A Study on Brain-Surface Morphology". *Journal of Mental Science*. **44** (184): 17–45. doi:10.1192/bjp.44.184.17.
* (1906). "Discussion on General Paralysis. Opening Paper. *The Delimitation of General Paralysis of the Insane*". *The British Medical Journal*. **2** (2387): 741–744. JSTOR 20291297. PMC 2382371.
* (1909). "Katatonia: In Relation to Dementia Præcox". *Journal of Mental Science*. **55** (228): 22–36. doi:10.1192/bjp.55.228.22.


title: Patricio Caicedo

abstract: Patricio Caicedo Liciaga was a Spanish football player and manager.

text:
# Patricio Caicedo

**Patricio Caicedo Liciaga** (6 February 1899 – 8 September 1981) was a Spanish football player and manager.

## Career

Born in Bilbao, Caicedo played as a midfielder.

He managed Espanyol, Athletic Bilbao, Zaragoza, Mallorca, Real Murcia, Sevilla, Real Oviedo, Las Palmas, Hércules and Girona.

## InfoBox

Patricio Caicedo
|  | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Patricio Caicedo Liciaga | | |
| Date of birth | (1899-02-06)6 February 1899 | | |
| Place of birth | Bilbao, Spain | | |
| Place of death | 8 September 1981(1981-09-08) (aged 82) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Managerial career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | | |
| 1930–1933 | Espanyol | | |
| 1933–1935 | Athletic Bilbao | | |
| 1935–1943 | Espanyol | | |
| 1943–1945 | Zaragoza | | |
| 1945–1947 | Mallorca | | |
| 1947 | Real Murcia | | |
| 1947–1948 | Sevilla | | |
| 1949–1950 | Espanyol | | |
| 1950–1951 | Real Oviedo | | |
| 1952–1953 | Las Palmas | | |
| 1954–1955 | Hércules | | |
| 1957–1958 | Girona | | |


title: Miguel Patricio

abstract: Miguel Patricio is a Portuguese businessman, and the CEO of Kraft Heinz. He succeeded Bernardo Hees in July 2019.

text:
# Miguel Patricio

**Miguel Patricio** (born 1966/1967) is a Portuguese businessman, and the CEO of Kraft Heinz. He succeeded Bernardo Hees in July 2019.

## Early life

Patricio was born in Portugal. He graduated in business administration from FGV EAESP in 1989.

## Career

Early in his career, Patricio worked for Philip Morris International, Coca-Cola and Johnson & Johnson. Patricio then worked for Anheuser-Busch InBev for two decades, rising to chief marketing officer, from 2012 until July 2018.

## InfoBox

| Miguel Patricio | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1966 or 1967 (age 57–58) |
| Nationality | Portuguese |
| Occupation | Businessman |
| Title | CEO, Kraft Heinz |
| Term | July 2019- |
| Predecessor | Bernardo Hees |


abstract: Admiral Richard Morden Harbord-Hamond, 10th Baron Suffield was a British Royal Navy officer and peer.

text:
# Richard Morden Harbord-Hamond, 10th Baron Suffield

Admiral **Richard Morden Harbord-Hamond, 10th Baron Suffield** (24 August 1865 – 2 February 1951) was a British Royal Navy officer and peer.

## Biography

Richard Morden Harbord was born in Hanworth, Norfolk, the fourth son of Reverend the Hon. John Harbord, fifth son of Edward Harbord, 3rd Baron Suffield. In 1917 he assumed by Royal Licence the additional surname of Hamond (that of his maternal grandfather, Anthony Hamond).

He entered HMS *Britannia* in 1879 and saw action during the Anglo-Egyptian War of 1882 as a midshipman on HMS *Superb* during the bombardment of Alexandria.

During the First World War, he commanded the battleships HMS *Mars* from 1914 to 1915 and HMS *Zealandia* from 1915 to 1916. He was Commodore-in-Charge, Portland from 1916 to 1917. He was promoted to rear-admiral on 19 September 1917 and was retired the next day. He was promoted to vice-admiral in 1922 on the retired list and admiral in 1927 on the retired list.

He inherited the family titles from his first cousin Geoffrey Walter Harbord, 9th Baron Suffield in 1946.

He was succeeded in the barony and baronetcy by his son Anthony Harbord-Hamond, 11th Baron Suffield.

1. "Richard Morden Harbord-Hamond, Tenth Baron Suffield". *The Dreadnought Project*.
2. "Lord Suffield". *The Times*. 3 February 1951. p. 8.


title: Palo Alto Daily Post

abstract:
The Daily Post is a free newspaper in Palo Alto, California, founded in 2008 by the Palo Alto Daily News's founders, Dave Price and Jim Pavelich, who had sold that paper to new owners three years earlier. The Post is published Monday-Saturday and distributed in more than a dozen communities on the San Francisco Peninsula. The paper covers local news and carries reports from the Associated Press. The Post was founded by Price and Pavelich, originally occupying the Daily News's old office at 324 High Street in downtown Palo Alto, which the News had vacated when it moved to the outskirts of neighboring Menlo Park. Former Daily News editor Diana Diamond, who was fired by the Daily News in 2006
and later a columnist at the Palo Alto Weekly,
was the first employee whom the Daily Post announced hiring. Originally, The Post's website did not carry news stories and only provided information about the paper, such as its address and phone number. Shortly after the paper launched, Pavelich had dismissed the need to publish Post stories online, saying "The Internet is a form of broadcast to me. We're not broadcasters. We just don't have the time to run two businesses," while the website said that "Giving away news online is a dumb way to do business." As of May 2018, The Post website does have news stories, but also recommends that readers get a copy of the print edition to read some stories not published online.

text:
# Palo Alto Daily Post

***The Daily Post*** is a free newspaper in Palo Alto, California, founded in 2008 by the *Palo Alto Daily News's* founders, Dave Price and Jim Pavelich, who had sold that paper to new owners three years earlier. *The Post* is published Monday-Saturday and distributed in more than a dozen communities on the San Francisco Peninsula. The paper covers local news and carries reports from the Associated Press.

*The Post* was founded by Price and Pavelich, originally occupying the *Daily News's* old office at 324 High Street in downtown Palo Alto, which the *News* had vacated when it moved to the outskirts of neighboring Menlo Park. Former *Daily News* editor Diana Diamond, who was fired by the *Daily News* in 2006 and later a columnist at the *Palo Alto Weekly,* was the first employee whom the *Daily Post* announced hiring.

Originally, *The Post's* website did not carry news stories and only provided information about the paper, such as its address and phone number. Shortly after the paper launched, Pavelich had dismissed the need to publish *Post* stories online, saying "The Internet is a form of broadcast to me. We're not broadcasters. We just don't have the time to run two businesses," while the website said that "Giving away news online is a dumb way to do business." As of May 2018, *The Post* website does have news stories, but also recommends that readers get a copy of the print edition to read some stories not published online.

1. Helft, Miguel (February 27, 2010). "In a Country of Monopoly Newspapers, Palo Alto Is Awash in Competition". *The New York Times*. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
2. Palo Alto Daily News
3. "Around Town: May 21, 2008". *Palo Alto Weekly*. May 21, 2008. Retrieved May 31, 2018. Dave Price, the frequently feisty newspaper publisher who founded and later sold the Palo Alto Daily News and sister papers, is about to re-enter the journalism field in the Midpeninsula. Price confirmed that he's planning something newspaperish, with longtime partner Jim Pavelich, but declined to say precisely what. He's been talking to former Daily News staffers and advertisers, and has hired longtime journalist Diana Diamond back as editor. She will be ending her monthly column-writing stint for the Weekly and leaving an assignment with the San Jose Business Journal. Price said the new publication will be called the Palo Alto Daily Post, not the "Peninsula Daily," as one report had it.
4. "About us". *Palo Alto Daily Post*. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
5. "Peninsula news | The Mercury News and Palo Alto Daily News". *The Mercury News*. 9 July 2020. Retrieved 2020-07-09.
6. Thorwaldson, Jay (March 28, 2006). "Daily News Editor Diana Diamond fired". *Palo Alto Weekly*. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
7. Diamond, Diana (May 24, 2008). "Our Palo Alto way to decide". *Palo Alto Weekly*. Retrieved May 31, 2018. As many of you may have read in Wednesday's Weekly, I am leaving this paper and my blog to join a new paper in town, the Daily Post, which will be run by former Daily News founders Dave Price and Jim Pavelich, whom I have worked with before. Yes, there will be three papers in town.
8. Gerstein, Josh (May 28, 2008). "Heresy in Silicon Valley: Traditional Newspaper Launches". *The New York Sun*. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
9. "Home". *Palo Alto Daily Post*. Retrieved 2020-07-09.

## InfoBox

The Daily Post
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | Free daily newspaper |
| Format | Tabloid size, 15.8" x 10.8 |
| Owner(s) | Dave Price and Jim Pavelich |
| Founded | May 27, 2008 |
| Headquarters | 385 Forest Ave, Palo Alto, California |
| Website | padailypost.com |


title: HMNZS Kahu (A04)

abstract: HMNZS Kahu (A04) was a Moa-class inshore patrol vessel of the Royal New Zealand Navy. She was launched in 1979 as the lead boat of her class, modified to function as a diving tender. She was initially named HMNZS Manawanui (A09), the second of soon to be four diving tenders with this name to serve in the New Zealand Navy. As a diving tender she participated in the exploration and salvage work of the wreck MS Mikhail Lermontov in March 1986. On 17 May 1988, she was renamed Kahu (A04) and recommissioned as the basic seamanship and navigation training vessel attached to the Royal New Zealand Naval College. Kahu is the second boat with this name to serve in the New Zealand Navy. The ship was replaced in her role as a diving tender by HMNZS Manawanui (A09). She remained in service for seamanship, Officer of the Watch training and as a backup diving tender until her decommissioning on 30 October 2009. The ship was sold for use as a pleasure craft on 18 February 2010. Kahu was distinguished from other boats of the Moa class by the gantry on her quarterdeck and lack of funnels.

text:
# HMNZS Kahu (A04)

**HMNZS *Kahu* (A04)** was a *Moa*-class inshore patrol vessel of the Royal New Zealand Navy. She was launched in 1979 as the lead boat of her class, modified to function as a diving tender. She was initially named HMNZS *Manawanui* (A09), the second of soon to be four diving tenders with this name to serve in the New Zealand Navy. As a diving tender she participated in the exploration and salvage work of the wreck MS *Mikhail Lermontov* in March 1986.

On 17 May 1988, she was renamed *Kahu* (A04) and recommissioned as the basic seamanship and navigation training vessel attached to the Royal New Zealand Naval College. *Kahu* is the second boat with this name to serve in the New Zealand Navy. (The name comes from the Māori-language *kāhu* \- the name for the native swamp harrier hawk.) The ship was replaced in her role as a diving tender by HMNZS *Manawanui* (A09).

She remained in service for seamanship, Officer of the Watch training and as a backup diving tender until her decommissioning on 30 October 2009. The ship was sold for use as a pleasure craft on 18 February 2010.

*Kahu* was distinguished from other boats of the *Moa* class by the gantry on her quarterdeck and lack of funnels.

## Post RNZN Career

After leaving the Royal New Zealand Navy she was sold to Peter White-Robinson and renamed Kahu. In 2011 she underwent a year long refit at Fitzroy Yachts in New Plymouth, converting her to a 'family ship'. In 2013 she was sold.

In 2021 the vessel was involved in a £160,000,000 drugs bust when she was intercepted by HMC Searcher 130 km off the coast of Plymouth. 1 British Citizen and 5 Nicaraguan citizens were arrested. 2000kgs of Cocaine was reported to be onboard.

* McDougall, R J (1989) *New Zealand Naval Vessels.* Page 136–137. Government Printing Office. ISBN 978-0-477-01399-4

## InfoBox

| Being maintained at the Devonport Naval Base in 2008. | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| New Zealand | |
| Name | *Kahu* |
| Namesake | HMNZS *Kahu* (ML400) |
| Builder | Whangarei Engineering and Construction Company |
| Laid down | 8 December 1978 |
| Completed | May 1979 |
| Commissioned | 17 May 1988 |
| Decommissioned | 30 October 2009 |
| Homeport | New Plymouth, New Zealand |
| Identification |  |
| Fate | Sold for use as a pleasure craft, 2010 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *Moa*-class inshore patrol vessel |
| Displacement | 91.5 ton standard; 105 ton full load |
| Length | 122 ft (37 m) |
| Beam | 6.1 m (20 ft) |
| Draught | 2.4 m (7 ft 10 in) |
| Decks | 4 |
| Propulsion | Two Cummins diesels (710 hp (530 kW)) twin shafts |
| Speed | 13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph) |
| Range | 3,000 nmi (5,600 km; 3,500 mi) |
| Sensors and <br>processing systems | Navigation Radar Racal Decca 916 I Band |


title: Jim Cantamessa

abstract: James Cantamessa is an American-French basketball coach and former player. Following his college career at Siena College he went on to play professionally in Europe where he won the Belgium championship in 2005.

text:
# Jim Cantamessa

**James Cantamessa** (born May 25, 1978) is an American-French basketball coach and former player. Following his college career at Siena College he went on to play professionally in Europe where he won the Belgium championship in 2005.

## High school career

Cantamessa attended Blackhawk High School in Chippewa Township, Pennsylvania, where he starred at basketball.

## College career

Cantamessa, a 6'8'' forward out of Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, played college basketball at Siena College from 1996 to 2000, averaging 11.0 points per game over his four years and scoring a total of 1,316 points. He received All-MAAC Second Team honors in 1998 and All-MAAC Third Team honors in 1999 and 2000. He graduated from Siena College with a degree in business finance. In December 1998, he scored a career high 33 points in a win against George Washington.

## Professional career

Cantamessa, who also holds a French passport, kicked off his pro career in the 2000–01 campaign with Rouen in the French second division. He played for FC Porto in Portugal and in the European cup competition FIBA Korać Cup during the 2001–02 season.

Afterwards, Cantamessa played in the German Basketball Bundesliga with s.Oliver Würzburg (2002–03), Reims Champagne Basket in the French topflight ProA (2003–04), Euphony Bree (2004–2007) as well as Dexia Mons-Hainaut (2007–08) in Belgium. In 2005, he won the Belgium championship with Bree. He also saw action in the ULEB Cup and the EuroCup with Bree and Mons-Hainaut respectively.

## Coaching career

Cantamessa was named assistant coach of Greensboro College's men's basketball team in 2010, associate head coach in 2015 and head coach in 2019. He was also named head men's golf coach at Greensboro. Cantamessa stayed at Greensboro until 2023.

## InfoBox

Jim Cantamessa
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1978-05-25) May 25, 1978 |
| Nationality | American / French |
| Listed height | 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m) |
| Listed weight | 235 lb (107 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school | Blackhawk<br>(Chippewa Township, Pennsylvania) |
| College | Siena (1996–2000) |
| Playing career | 2000–2008 |
| Position | Forward |
| Coaching career | 2010–present |
| Career history | |
| As player: | |
| 2000–2001 | Rouen |
| 2001–2002 | FC Porto |
| 2002–2003 | s.Oliver Würzburg |
| 2003–2004 | Reims Champagne Basket |
| 2004–2007 | Euphony Bree |
| 2007–2008 | Dexia Mons-Hainaut |
| As coach: | |
| 2010–2015 | Greensboro (assistant) |
| 2015–2019 | Greensboro (associate HC) |
| 2019–2023 | Greensboro |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Raj Bhushan

abstract: Raj Bhushan / Raj Bhooshan / Rajyabhushan, was a second highest title of honor or civilian award, which was prevalent in Princely India during British Raj.

text:
# Raj Bhushan

**Raj Bhushan** / **Raj Bhooshan** / **Rajyabhushan** (literally *Ornament of the Raj*), was a second highest title of honor or civilian award, which was prevalent in Princely India during British Raj.

## History

*Raj Bhushan* awards were given by rulers of mostly Hindu Princely States of India to distinguished citizens of their kingdom. The title was bestowed upon with a Silver coin medallion. The next higher award was Raj Ratna, which was the highest award of Princely India.

The title and awards of *Raj Ratna* & *Raj Bhushan* came to an end mostly by the end of year 1949 with the amalgamation of almost all Princely States into India and formation of the Republic of India

However, the legacy, spirit and essence of these awards are being carried forward in independent India, by similar other prestigious awards like Bharat Ratna, Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri awarded by Government of India.

## Notable people awarded title Raj Bhushan


title: Nagaoka Castle

abstract: Nagaoka Castle was a Japanese castle located in Nagaoka, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. At the end of the Edo period, Nagaoka Castle was home to a branch of the Makino clan, daimyō of Nagaoka Domain.

text:
# Nagaoka Castle

**Nagaoka Castle** (長岡城, *Nagaoka-jō*) was a Japanese castle located in Nagaoka, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. At the end of the Edo period, Nagaoka Castle was home to a branch of the Makino clan, *daimyō* of Nagaoka Domain.

## History

The area around Nagaoka Castle was the territory of the Hori clan under Hori Naoyori (1577-1639), who was elevated to the status of a 60,000 *koku* *daimyō* for his services to Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Under the Tokugawa shogunate, Hori Naoyori was awarded an additional 20,000 *koku* from the holdings of the disgraced Matsudaira Tadateru in 1616. Around this time, he relocated his seat from Zaōdo (蔵王堂) on the east bank of the Shinano River to higher ground on the west bank. This marked the start of Nagaoka Castle. He was transferred to Murakami Domain in 1618, and the castle was completed by Makino Tadanari (1581-1655), whose descendants continued to hold the castle until the Meiji restoration.

Most of the castle burned down in March 1728 and was only restored in 1754. Another fire in 1844 destroyed two gates and a portion of the daimyo’s palace. The castle also suffered repeatedly from flooding due to its location, notably in 1671, 1674, 1781, and 1789. The Sanjō earthquake of 1829 also destroyed most of the castle structures.

During the Boshin War, representatives of the domain met with representatives of the Satchō Alliance at a nearby temple, but the negotiations ended without agreement, and Nagaoka Castle was attacked and destroyed by the military forces of the new Meiji government.

Following the war the moats were filled in, and part of the castle site was sold to private hands. In 1898, Nagaoka Station was built on the eastern half of the Honmaru central bailey. Nagaoka City Hall and other public structures occupy much of the remaining site.

## Description

Nagaoka Castle was a flatland-style castle with two central baileys, the *Honmaru* (本丸) and the *Ni-no-Maru* (二の丸), both surrounded by a moat. These were in turn surrounded by the *San-no-Maru* (三の丸) and *Tsume-no-Maru* (詰の丸 ) Baileys, and the *Minami-Kuruwa* (南曲輪 ) and *Nishi-Kuruwa* (西曲輪) forecourts. This outer ring of defences was also surrounded by a moat. The castle had only earthen ramparts, with *yagura* watchtowers at various locations, and there was no donjon in the central bailey.

## Literature

* Schmorleitz, Morton S. (1974). *Castles in Japan*. Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle Co. pp. 144–145. ISBN 0-8048-1102-4.
* Motoo, Hinago (1986). *Japanese Castles*. Tokyo: Kodansha. p. 200 pages. ISBN 0-87011-766-1.
* Mitchelhill, Jennifer (2004). *Castles of the Samurai: Power and Beauty*. Tokyo: Kodansha. p. 112 pages. ISBN 4-7700-2954-3.
* Turnbull, Stephen (2003). *Japanese Castles 1540-1640*. Osprey Publishing. p. 64 pages. ISBN 1-84176-429-9.
* Owada, Yasutsune: Nagaoka-jo in: Miura, Masayuki (eds): Shiro to Jinya. Tokoku-hen. Gakken, 2006. ISBN 978-4-05-604378-5

## InfoBox

| Nagaoka Castle
長岡城 | |
| --- | --- |
| Nagaoka, Niigata Prefecture, Japan | |
| Edo period sketch of Nagaoka Castle | |
| Nagaoka Castle
長岡城Nagaoka Castle
長岡城 | |
| Coordinates | 37°26′51″N 138°51′11″E / 37.44742°N 138.85314°E / 37.44742; 138.85314 |
| Type | flatland-style Japanese castle |
| Site information | |
| Condition | ruin |
| Site history | |
| Built | 1537 |
| Built by | Hori clan, Makino clan |
| In use | Edo period |
| Demolished | 1868 |


title: Mike Liles

abstract: Mike J. Liles was an American businessman and politician. He served in the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1991 to 1995 and was a Republican. Liles lived in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, with his wife and family and was a contractor. He also served on the Rutherford County Commission.

text:
# Mike Liles

**Mike J. Liles** (September 19, 1945  May 1, 2022) was an American businessman and politician. He served in the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1991 to 1995 and was a Republican.

Liles lived in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, with his wife and family and was a contractor. He also served on the Rutherford County Commission.

## InfoBox

| Mike Liles | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Tennessee House of Representatives
from the 49th district | |
| **In office**
1991–1995 | |
| Preceded by | Fred R. Hobbs |
| Succeeded by | Mary Ann Eckles |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1945-09-19)September 19, 1945 |
| Died | May 1, 2022(2022-05-01) (aged 76) |
| Political party | Republican |
|  | |


title: William Milne (rugby union)

abstract: Rev. William Milne was a Scotland international rugby union player. After playing rugby, he became a minister in the Church of Scotland.

text:
# William Milne (rugby union)

**Rev. William Milne** (27 July 1883 – 16 December 1982) was a Scotland international rugby union player. After playing rugby, he became a minister in the Church of Scotland.

## Rugby Union career

### Amateur career

He played for Glasgow Academicals.

He was part of the Academicals side that won the Scottish Unofficial Championship in 1904-05 and 1905-06 seasons.

### Provincial career

He played for Glasgow District in the 1904 inter-city match against Edinburgh District.

He played for Cities District in the January 1905 match against Provinces District.

### International career

He was capped for Scotland 4 times in the period 1904 to 1905.

## Ecclesiastical career

Milne became a Reverend in the Church of Scotland. He was a Minister of the parish of Crail in the presbytery of St. Andrews in Fife.

During the First World War, Milne became a driver for the Red Cross in France. His parish was temporarily administered by Rev. D. W. Kennedy of Perth. Milne wrote letters back to his congregation, one of which was reported in the *East Fife Record* newspaper of 26 October 1916, the letter from Milne dated before that.

> Rouen, 15th Oct., 1916. MY DEAR FRIENDS, By the time this reaches you three months will have passed since I left Crail. In the usual reckoning it is not a long time, but looking back there seems quite a gap between my wonted life and the life I am living at the present and the work on which lam engaged. Yet though the days are full of new interest and new duties, no day is so full but thoughts of the old duties and interests and friends can find a place in it. I look forward eagerly for news of Crail and from Crail, and a letter or a newspaper from the East Neuk sends my thoughts across the sundering miles to you and the place where you dwell. There is no need at this time — nor indeed would it be possible — that I should tell you fully of the work here. In a general way I may say that it is driving the wounded in motor ambulances to one or other of the hospitals in or around Rouen. The unloading of the trains of wounded is a sad enough sight, and one that does not lose its pathos even with repetition. It is a sight that all should see who speak lightly of war or emphasise the glamour and glitter of it, for the romantic side of things is conspicuous by its absence. Yet there are fine things even in these processions of bruised and battered humanity wounded men badly in need of help themselves, yet helping some lame comrade; men enduring in grim silence an agony of suffering; cheerful souls speaking hopefully of the future though they have lost a limb or an eye, and "must enter into life maimed" after the war. One is impressed with the fact that a short time here brings about a readjustment of moral values, that some things which at home seem of great importance shrink to insignificance, and other virtues which had slipped into the background loom large and vital here. I have seen nothing to justify the talk of those who speak of our soldier saints. There is much that is sinful and revolting, but much, too, that is unselfish and great. A pleasanter bit of work is driving the wounded to the hospital ship or the train conveying them to the port of embarkation for home, or "Blighty' as they always call it. The men are very happy to go home, and I have never met one who wanted to come back to France. Homesickness is a disease that is very prevalent, and naturally since no man wishes to be away from those he loves best. We miss our quiet Scottish Sabbath and the House of God. War knows nothing of Sabbaths or Churches, and the most we can have to distinguish Sundays from week days is a short service conducted by a neighbouring chaplain. It is on the Sabbath especially that my thoughts turn to the ancient Kirk of Crail and its pleasant surroundings. I am glad to hear that all is going well, and that the faithful services of Mr Kennedy are so much appreciated. I hope that every member and adherent will remember the responsibilities as well as the privileges of church membership, and will endeavour to make his or her contribution to the life and worship of the Church. It is the beginning of the winter's work, and my sincere prayer is that the work may be rich in the spirit of kindness and gentleness and sincerity, that it may be a blessing to all who take part in it, and fruitful of good things. You will have disadvantages and hindrances owing to the lighting restrictions and the unavoidable reduction of numbers because of the demands of war, but I trust that enthusiasm will more than counterbalance these. Assuring you of my continued interest in your welfare, I remain, Your minister and friend, Ww. M. MILNE.

## Family

He was born to George Milne and Barbara Murray.

He married Kathleen Florence May Lumsden in 1919.

William Milne and Kathleen Lumsden had a son, also William Murray Milne (1920-1977).

## InfoBox

William Milne
| Birth name | William Murray Milne |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1883-08-27)27 August 1883 |
| Place of birth | Glasgow, Scotland |
| Date of death | 16 December 1982(1982-12-16) (aged 99) |
| Place of death | Crail, Scotland |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Forward  Amateur team(s)  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  Glasgow Academicals   ()  Provincial / State sides  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1904 Glasgow District   ()  1905 Cities District   ()  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1904-05 Scotland  4  (0) | |


title: Finite mathematics

abstract: In mathematics education, Finite Mathematics is a syllabus in college and university mathematics that is independent of calculus. A course in precalculus may be a prerequisite for Finite Mathematics. Contents of the course include an eclectic selection of topics often applied in social science and business, such as finite probability spaces, matrix multiplication, Markov processes, finite graphs, or mathematical models. These topics were used in Finite Mathematics courses at Dartmouth College as developed by John G. Kemeny, Gerald L. Thompson, and J. Laurie Snell and published by Prentice-Hall. Other publishers followed with their own topics. With the arrival of software to facilitate computations, teaching and usage shifted from a broad-spectrum Finite Mathematics with paper and pen, into development and usage of software.

text:
# Finite mathematics

In mathematics education, **Finite Mathematics** is a syllabus in college and university mathematics that is independent of calculus. A course in precalculus may be a prerequisite for Finite Mathematics.

Contents of the course include an eclectic selection of topics often applied in social science and business, such as finite probability spaces, matrix multiplication, Markov processes, finite graphs, or mathematical models. These topics were used in Finite Mathematics courses at Dartmouth College as developed by John G. Kemeny, Gerald L. Thompson, and J. Laurie Snell and published by Prentice-Hall. Other publishers followed with their own topics. With the arrival of software to facilitate computations, teaching and usage shifted from a broad-spectrum Finite Mathematics with paper and pen, into development and usage of software.

## Textbooks

* 1957: Kemeny, Thompson, Snell, *Introduction to Finite Mathematics*, (2nd edition 1966) Prentice-Hall
* 1959: Hazelton Mirkil & Kemeny, Thompson, Snell, *Finite Mathematical Structures*, Prentice-Hall
* 1962: Arthur Schliefer Jr. & Kemeny, Thompson, Snell, *Finite Mathematics with Business Applications*, Prentice-Hall
* 1969: Marvin Marcus, *A Survey of Finite Mathematics*, Houghton-Mifflin
* 1970: Guillermo Owen, *Mathematics for Social and Management Sciences, Finite Mathematics*, W. B. Saunders
* 1970: Irving Allen Dodes, *Finite Mathematics: A Liberal Arts Approach*, McGraw-Hill
* 1971: A.W. Goodman & J. S. Ratti, *Finite Mathematics with Applications*, Macmillan
* 1971: J. Conrad Crown & Marvin L. Bittinger, *Finite Mathematics: a modeling approach*, (2nd edition 1981) Addison-Wesley
* 1977: Robert F. Brown & Brenda W. Brown, *Applied Finite Mathematics*, Wadsworth Publishing
* 1980: L.J. Goldstein, David I. Schneider, Martha Siegel, *Finite Mathematics and Applications*, (7th edition 2001) Prentice-Hall
* 1981: John J. Costello, Spenser O. Gowdy, Agnes M. Rash, *Finite Mathematics with Applications*, Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich
* 1982: James Radlow, *Understanding Finite Mathematics*, PWS Publishers
* 1984: Daniel Gallin, *Finite Mathematics*, Scott Foresman
* 1984: Gary G. Gilbert & Donald O. Koehler, *Applied Finite Mathematics*, McGraw-Hill
* 1984: Frank S. Budnick, *Finite Mathematics with Applications in Management and the Social Sciences*, McGraw Hill
* 2011: Rupinder Sekhon, *Applied Finite Mathematics*, Open Textbook Library
* 2015: Chris P. Tsokos & Rebecca D. Wooten, *The Joy of Finite Mathematics*, Academic Press