title: Mirror Fusion Test Facility

abstract: The Mirror Fusion Test Facility, or MFTF, was an experimental magnetic confinement fusion device built using the tandem magnetic mirror design. It was, by far, the largest, most powerful and most expensive mirror machine ever constructed. Due to budget cuts, it was mothballed the day after its construction was complete, and sat unused for a year before being formally cancelled. $372 million dollars were spent on the system during its lifetime. MFTF was the ultimate development of a series of machines at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) that trace their history back to the early 1950s. Over the years one problem after another had been addressed, leading to designs using "baseball" and "yin-yang" mirrors. By the late 1960s, it appeared possible to build stable mirrors. However, these changes had also lowered their economic performance, to the point where they appeared unattractive as power generators. In 1968, the Soviets demonstrated their tokamak systems were outperforming all others by a factor of at least ten. The path to practical fusion appeared open, and in the US, in the mid-1970s, Robert Hirsch began plans to produce a prototype power plant. Having secured a massive budget increase, and desiring a second design in case the tokamak didn't pan out, a study of the alternative concepts suggested the best developed was the mirror. The original MFTF was essentially a very large yin-yang mirror, expected around 1982. Hirsch's associate, Stephen O. Dean, asked for ideas that would improve the economics of the mirror. This led to the tandem mirror concept, and a redesign as MFTF-B, with the original mirror becoming one end of a much larger machine. To test the new concept, a smaller machine that could be rapidly built was constructed, Tandem Mirror Experiment, or TMX. Construction of MFTF and TMX began in 1977 and TMX began operations in 1979. By the early 1980s, TMX was beginning to demonstrate serious problems that suggested MFTF-B would not work as predicted. This was occurring around the same time that Ronald Reagan declared that the energy crisis was over. In a series of sweeping budget cuts across the entire energy research field, MFTF had its operational budget cancelled, although its construction budget survived. Construction completed in 1986, and the facility sat unused for a year being scavenged for parts by other researchers until it was formally cancelled in 1987 and disassembled.

text:
# Mirror Fusion Test Facility

The **Mirror Fusion Test Facility**, or **MFTF**, was an experimental magnetic confinement fusion device built using the tandem magnetic mirror design. It was, by far, the largest, most powerful and most expensive mirror machine ever constructed. Due to budget cuts, it was mothballed the day after its construction was complete, and sat unused for a year before being formally cancelled. $372 million dollars were spent on the system during its lifetime.

MFTF was the ultimate development of a series of machines at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) that trace their history back to the early 1950s. Over the years one problem after another had been addressed, leading to designs using "baseball" and "yin-yang" mirrors. By the late 1960s, it appeared possible to build stable mirrors. However, these changes had also lowered their economic performance, to the point where they appeared unattractive as power generators.

In 1968, the Soviets demonstrated their tokamak systems were outperforming all others by a factor of at least ten. The path to practical fusion appeared open, and in the US, in the mid-1970s, Robert Hirsch began plans to produce a prototype power plant. Having secured a massive budget increase, and desiring a second design in case the tokamak didn't pan out, a study of the alternative concepts suggested the best developed was the mirror. The original MFTF was essentially a very large yin-yang mirror, expected around 1982.

Hirsch's associate, Stephen O. Dean, asked for ideas that would improve the economics of the mirror. This led to the tandem mirror concept, and a redesign as MFTF-B, with the original mirror becoming one end of a much larger machine. To test the new concept, a smaller machine that could be rapidly built was constructed, Tandem Mirror Experiment, or TMX. Construction of MFTF and TMX began in 1977 and TMX began operations in 1979.

By the early 1980s, TMX was beginning to demonstrate serious problems that suggested MFTF-B would not work as predicted. This was occurring around the same time that Ronald Reagan declared that the energy crisis was over. In a series of sweeping budget cuts across the entire energy research field, MFTF had its operational budget cancelled, although its construction budget survived. Construction completed in 1986, and the facility sat unused for a year being scavenged for parts by other researchers until it was formally cancelled in 1987 and disassembled.

## History

It was designed and built at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), one of the primary research centers for mirror fusion devices. It cost 372 million dollars to construct, making it at the time the most expensive project in the lab's history. It opened on February 21, 1986 and was promptly shut down. The reason given was to balance the United States federal budget.

Following on from the earlier Baseball II device, the facility was originally a similar system in which the confinement area was located between two horseshoe-shaped "mirrors".

During construction the success of the Tandem Mirror Experiment ("TMX") led to a redesign to insert a solenoid area between two such magnets, dramatically improving confinement time from a few milliseconds to over one second. Most of the fusion power would be produced in the long solenoid. The yin-yang magnets would then serve only to dam up the ends in order to maintain good plasma confinement in the solenoid. Limited to break-even energy balance, the magnetic mirror endcaps consumed power, but much less than that produced in a solenoid of sufficient length.

A new version, officially MFTF-B, started construction in 1977 and was completed in 1986 on the very day the project was canceled. Operation of MFTF-B was demonstrated by powering the superconducting magnets, at the time the world's largest, but no experiments were performed. Rollbacks in fusion research funding dramatically reduced funding levels across the entire field.

## Legacy

Parts of the MFTF have since been re-used on newer fusion experiments, one of which won a recycling award. In 2021, the project was cited as a case study of the hypothetical demon of Bureaucratic Chaos, which "blocks good things from happening" at the United States Department of Energy. Its fate was reminiscent of the Superconducting Super Collider and the National Compact Stellarator Experiment, both of which were also canceled.

## InfoBox

MFTF
| Mirror Fusion Test Facility | |
| --- | --- |
| The mirror fusion test facility during construction in 1983, part of the Yin-Yang magnets can be observed in the background. | |
| Device type | Magnetic mirror |
| Location | Livermore, California, U.S. |
| Affiliation | Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory |
| History | |
| Date(s) of construction | 1977 – 1986 |
| Preceded by | 2XIIB |
| Related devices | Tandem Mirror Experiment (TMX) |


title: Whale Lake

abstract: Whale Lake is a lake in Cook County in what is known as the Arrowhead Region of northern Minnesota. It is within the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness of the Superior National Forest, at the base of Eagle Mountain, Minnesota's highest point. Two miles (3 km) from the nearest road, Whale Lake is only accessible via the Eagle Mountain Hiking Trail from the south, or the Brule Lake Trail from the northwest. It offers two campsites to hikers, one on the northern shore near the intersection of the two trails, and the other a few hundred yards away from the western shore. Whale Lake has been known to contain Bluegill, Northern Pike, Yellow Perch, and more commonly, White Sucker fish.

text:
# Whale Lake

**Whale Lake** is a lake in Cook County in what is known as the Arrowhead Region of northern Minnesota. It is within the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness of the Superior National Forest, at the base of Eagle Mountain, Minnesota's highest point. Two miles (3 km) from the nearest road, Whale Lake is only accessible via the Eagle Mountain Hiking Trail from the south, or the Brule Lake Trail from the northwest. It offers two campsites to hikers, one on the northern shore near the intersection of the two trails, and the other a few hundred yards away from the western shore.

Whale Lake has been known to contain Bluegill, Northern Pike, Yellow Perch, and more commonly, White Sucker fish.

## InfoBox

| Whale Lake | |
| --- | --- |
| Whale Lake on a summer evening. | |
| Whale LakeWhale Lake | |
| Location | West Cook, Cook County, Minnesota, United States |
| Coordinates | 47°53′31.19″N 90°32′43.37″W / 47.8919972°N 90.5453806°W / 47.8919972; -90.5453806 |
| Primary outflows | Whale Creek |
| Basin countries | United States |
|  | |
| Surface area | 21 acres (8.5 ha) |
| Max. depth | 10 ft (3.0 m) |
| Surface elevation | 1,900 feet (580 m) |
|  | |
| Settlements | Grand Marais, Minnesota<br>Cook, Minnesota |


title: Mirsad Tuka

abstract: Mirsad Tuka was a Bosnian actor. He made his film debut in the comedy-drama Holiday in Sarajevo (1991). He had since appeared in films such as Remake (2003), All for Free (2006), Cirkus Columbia (2010), The Abandoned (2010), Body Complete (2012), Ja sam iz Krajine, zemlje kestena (2013) and Take Me Somewhere Nice (2019). Tuka also appeared in television series Složna braća (1996), Zabranjena ljubav (2005–2007) and, most notably, Lud, zbunjen, normalan (2008–2021) as police inspector Murga.

text:
# Mirsad Tuka

**Mirsad Tuka** (19 June 1965 – 11 July 2023) was a Bosnian actor. He made his film debut in the comedy-drama *Holiday in Sarajevo* (1991). He had since appeared in films such as *Remake* (2003), *All for Free* (2006), *Cirkus Columbia* (2010), *The Abandoned* (2010), *Body Complete* (2012), *Ja sam iz Krajine, zemlje kestena* (2013) and *Take Me Somewhere Nice* (2019).

Tuka also appeared in television series *Složna braća* (1996), *Zabranjena ljubav* (2005–2007) and, most notably, *Lud, zbunjen, normalan* (2008–2021) as police inspector Murga.

## Personal life and death

Tuka married his wife Nerma in 1997, and together they had two sons.

Tuka died in Sarajevo on 11 July 2023, at the age of 58. He was buried in Sarajevo two days later, at the Bare Cemetery on 13 July.

## Selected filmography

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1991 | *Holiday in Sarajevo* | Boro |  |
| 1995 | *Underground* | Investigator |  |
| 2003 | *Remake* | Vaso |  |
| 2006 | *All for Free* | Policeman |  |
| 2010 | *Cirkus Columbia* | Dragan |  |
| | *The Abandoned* | Mirza Alijagić |  |
| 2012 | *Body Complete* | Doctor |
| 2013 | *Ja sam iz Krajine, zemlje kestena* | Zlatan |  |
| 2019 | *Take Me Somewhere Nice* | Mechanic |  |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1996 | *Srećni ljudi* |  | 1 episode |
| 1996 | *Složna braća* | Sabe | 1 episode |
| 2004–2006 | *Crna hronika* | Adem Kovačević | Main cast (200 episodes) |
| 2005–2007 | *Zabranjena ljubav* | Zlatko Fijan | Series regular (302 episodes) |
| 2008–2021 | *Lud, zbunjen, normalan* | Murga | 14 episodes |
| 2018–2021 | *Besa* | Baždarević | 9 episodes |

## InfoBox

| Mirsad Tuka | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1965-06-19)19 June 1965
Tuzla, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SFR Yugoslavia |
| Died | 11 July 2023(2023-07-11) (aged 58)
Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Resting place | Bare Cemetery, Sarajevo |
| Alma mater | Faculty of Dramatic Arts, Belgrade |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1991–2023 |
| Spouse | Nerma Tuka (m. 1997) |
| Children | 2 |


title: Marma (spider)

abstract: Marma is a genus of South American jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1902.

text:
# Marma (spider)

***Marma*** is a genus of South American jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1902.

## Species

As of February 2022, it contains twelve species found in South America:

## InfoBox

| *Marma* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Marma nigritarsis* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Salticidae |
| Subfamily: | Salticinae |
| Genus: | *Marma*
Simon, 1902 |
|
| Type species | |
| *M. baeri*
Simon, 1902 | |
| Species | |
| 12, see text | |
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: O2 Academy Bournemouth

abstract: O2 Academy Bournemouth is a live entertainment venue in Bournemouth, Dorset, England. It is a grade-II listed building. The building at 568–578 Christchurch Road, Bournemouth, was opened as a theatre on 27 May 1895, named the Grand Pavilion Theatre. Following a change of ownership in 1898, the new proprietors renamed the venue the Boscombe Grand Theatre. In 1905 it was rebranded Boscombe Hippodrome, which it was known as for over 50 years - the longest it held a name - before another name change came in 1956 when the theatre was closed for a refit and reopened as a dance hall called The Royal Ballrooms. Throughout the 1960s and early 70s, the building was used as a music venue, visited by acts such as Pink Floyd, Status Quo, Led Zeppelin, Thin Lizzy, Hawkwind, The Faces and David Bowie. Some of these biggest names were during the comparatively short period from 1971 to 1972, when the venue hosted club night Starkers. In December 1972, the venue was turned into a discotheque named Tiffany's, a name it kept for 10 years until 1982 when the building had a multimillion-pound refurbishment and became the Academy Nightclub. The nightclub had one of the first water-cooled lasers and the first Karaoke bar in the UK. Acts included The Sisters of Mercy, Hawkwind, Brand New Heavies, Courtney Pine, JTQ and Frankie Goes to Hollywood. Other acts known to have held concerts at the venue include Deep Purple, Canned Heat, T.Rex, Colosseum, Freedom, Joe Jammer and Slade. The rise of rave culture in the 1990s spawned nights such as Fantasia, Wild Turkey and Parhelion. In 1997 the venue was renamed once more as the Opera House nightclub, and in the same year the dance night Slinky was launched. In the early 2000s era of superclubs, Slinky became known as one of the best club nights in the country, enjoying many years of success and attracting some of the biggest global names in electronic music including Dav Gomrass, Armin van Buuren, Paul van Dyk, and Paul Oakenfold. Slinky was synonymous with the Opera House until its final event held on 5 October 2013. The Opera House was closed for a three million-pound refurbishment between November 2006 and June 2007, and officially reopened by Jo Whiley. The Opera House was sold to AMG Group in July 2009 and rebranded as O2 Academy Bournemouth from September of that year. Under the O2 Academy name - and still known affectionately locally as either the Academy or the Opera House - it now hosts a wide range of live music events alongside the traditional dance music events it became popular for. Many well-known acts have played the venue since then, including Steve Harley (as a 3-man electro-acoustic set, not with Cockney Rebel) and 2004 triple Brit award winner The Darkness.

text:
# O2 Academy Bournemouth

50°43′37″N 1°50′24″W / 50.727°N 1.840°W / 50.727; -1.840

**O2 Academy Bournemouth** is a live entertainment venue in Bournemouth, Dorset, England. It is a grade-II listed building.

The building at 568–578 Christchurch Road, Bournemouth, was opened as a theatre on 27 May 1895, named the Grand Pavilion Theatre. Following a change of ownership in 1898, the new proprietors renamed the venue the Boscombe Grand Theatre. In 1905 it was rebranded Boscombe Hippodrome, which it was known as for over 50 years - the longest it held a name - before another name change came in 1956 when the theatre was closed for a refit and reopened as a dance hall called The Royal Ballrooms.

Throughout the 1960s and early 70s, the building was used as a music venue, visited by acts such as Pink Floyd, Status Quo, Led Zeppelin, Thin Lizzy, Hawkwind, The Faces and David Bowie. Some of these biggest names were during the comparatively short period from 1971 to 1972, when the venue hosted club night Starkers.

In December 1972, the venue was turned into a discotheque named Tiffany's, a name it kept for 10 years until 1982 when the building had a multimillion-pound refurbishment and became the Academy Nightclub. The nightclub had one of the first water-cooled lasers and the first Karaoke bar in the UK. Acts included The Sisters of Mercy, Hawkwind, Brand New Heavies, Courtney Pine, JTQ and Frankie Goes to Hollywood. Other acts known to have held concerts at the venue include Deep Purple, Canned Heat, T.Rex, Colosseum, Freedom, Joe Jammer and Slade.

The rise of rave culture in the 1990s spawned nights such as Fantasia, Wild Turkey and Parhelion. In 1997 the venue was renamed once more as the Opera House nightclub, and in the same year the dance night Slinky was launched. In the early 2000s era of superclubs, Slinky became known as one of the best club nights in the country, enjoying many years of success and attracting some of the biggest global names in electronic music including Dav Gomrass, Armin van Buuren, Paul van Dyk, and Paul Oakenfold. Slinky was synonymous with the Opera House until its final event held on 5 October 2013.

The Opera House was closed for a three million-pound refurbishment between November 2006 and June 2007, and officially reopened by Jo Whiley.

The Opera House was sold to AMG Group in July 2009 and rebranded as O2 Academy Bournemouth from September of that year. Under the O2 Academy name - and still known affectionately locally as either the Academy or the Opera House - it now hosts a wide range of live music events alongside the traditional dance music events it became popular for.

Many well-known acts have played the venue since then, including Steve Harley (as a 3-man electro-acoustic set, not with Cockney Rebel) and 2004 triple Brit award winner The Darkness.

## InfoBox

O2 Academy Bournemouth
| Location | 570 Christchurch Rd, Bournemouth, BH1 4BH |
| --- | --- |
| Owner | Academy Music Group |
| Opened | September 2009 |
| Capacity | 1,800 |
| Website | www.o2academybournemouth.co.uk |
|  | |


title: LooCafe

abstract: LooCafe is an Indian public toilet model, built out of shipping containers with a point of sale attached with additional features. The company, legally incorporated as Ixora Corporate Services, works in the WASH industry. LooCafe is designed to end open defecation and public urination onto buildings, sidewalks, or streets, and create access to public toilets under the Swachh Bharat Mission.

text:
# LooCafe

**LooCafe** is an Indian public toilet model, built out of shipping containers with a point of sale attached with additional features. The company, legally incorporated as Ixora Corporate Services, works in the WASH industry.

LooCafe is designed to end open defecation and public urination onto buildings, sidewalks, or streets, and create access to public toilets under the Swachh Bharat Mission.

## History

Founded in 2018 by Abhishek Nath, LooCafe started from Hyderabad and now are currently operational in multiple Indian states and districts, including Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu and Telangana.

## Model

Most public toilets in India fail because of maintenance issues and a variety of government challenges.

LooCafes are designed to be sustainable models because of their business model. Revenue from the café or point of sale helps them sustain the public toilets that are built towards the back out of the shipping container. The usage of IoT devices and facility management technology have also helped them expand their footprint to 350 units across India. In 2019, they won Confederation of Indian Industry awards.

## Institutions

LooCafes have worked with the British Council, Hyderabad Design Week, and the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC).

For their social work a book was also launched titled *Toilet Tales*. The toilets have operated during the COVID-19 pandemic in India with respect to disinfection work for public facilities.

## LooCafe models

## InfoBox

LooCafe - Ixora Corporate Services
|
|  |
| Industry | Sanitation |
| Founder | Abhishek Nath (CEO) |
| Headquarters | Hyderabad, India |
| Key people | Vedanth Nath (Head of Innovation) |
| Parent | Ixora Group |
| Website | loocafe.com |


title: Yasuhide Kobashi

abstract: Yasuhide Kobashi was a Japanese woodblock print artist, painter, sculptor and stage designer. He was born in Kojima in Okayama Prefecture. His father was a ceramic artist and head of the Kyoto Industrial Craft Company. Kobashi learned printmaking from the sōsaku hanga master Unichi Hiratsuka (1895–1997). In 1955, Kobashi graduated from the Kyoto College of Crafts and Textiles, and in 1959, he moved to New York City. Nelson Rockefeller was Kobashi's patron, and acquired one of the artist's sculptures for the New York State Executive Mansion in Albany. Kobashi is best known for his sōsaku hanga woodblock prints and his sculptures intended to be rearranged, which he called "self-constructions". The Cleveland Museum of Art, the Honolulu Museum of Art, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Museum of Modern Art, the Neuberger Museum of Art, the Weisman Art Museum, and Southern Illinois University Edwardsville are among the public collections holding work by Kobashi.

text:
# Yasuhide Kobashi

**Yasuhide Kobashi** (古橋 矢須秀, *Kobashi Yasuhide*, 19312003) was a Japanese woodblock print artist, painter, sculptor and stage designer. He was born in Kojima in Okayama Prefecture. His father was a ceramic artist and head of the Kyoto Industrial Craft Company. Kobashi learned printmaking from the *sōsaku hanga* (creative prints) master Unichi Hiratsuka (18951997). In 1955, Kobashi graduated from the Kyoto College of Crafts and Textiles, and in 1959, he moved to New York City. Nelson Rockefeller (governor of New York and later vice-president) was Kobashi's patron, and acquired one of the artist's sculptures for the New York State Executive Mansion in Albany.

Kobashi is best known for his *sōsaku hanga* woodblock prints and his sculptures intended to be rearranged, which he called "self-constructions". The Cleveland Museum of Art, the Honolulu Museum of Art, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Museum of Modern Art (New York City), the Neuberger Museum of Art (Purchase, New York), the Weisman Art Museum (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis), and Southern Illinois University Edwardsville are among the public collections holding work by Kobashi.

## Footnotes

* Baron, Virginia Olsen, *The Seasons of Time; Tanka Poetry of Ancient Japan, Illustrated by Yasuhide Kobashi*, New York, Dial Press, 1968.
* Eichman, Shawn and Sawako Takemura Chang, Self-construction: The Art of Kobashi Yasuhide, *Honolulu Academy of Arts*, Vol. 82, No. 6, Nov./Dec., 2010, pp. 6–7.
* Garfias, Robert and Lincoln Kirstein, *Gagaku: The Music and Dances of the Japanese Imperial Household with calligraphy by Yasuhide Kobashi*, New York, Theatre Arts Books, 1959.
* Kirstein, Lincoln, *Kobashi. Recent Sculpture by Yasuhide Kobashi*, New York, Allan Stone, 1961.
* Pratt Graphic Art Center, *Eleven Prints by Eleven Printmakers*, New York, Pratt Graphic Art Center, 1961.


title: Regina Joyce

abstract: Regina Joyce is a retired female long-distance runner originally from Ireland. She competed at the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles, finishing 23rd in the marathon. Her younger sister Monica also competed in the 1984 Olympics in the 3000 metres. Joyce competed as an NCAA athlete in the U.S. for the University of Washington, where she set school records in every event from 1500m to 10 km. She set her personal best in the marathon with 2:32.56 in Scottsdale 1982. Joyce became an American citizen in 1993, and continues to run in the Masters division.

text:
# Regina Joyce

**Regina Joyce** (born February 7, 1957) is a retired female long-distance runner originally from Ireland. She competed at the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles, finishing 23rd in the marathon. Her younger sister Monica also competed in the 1984 Olympics in the 3000 metres. Joyce competed as an NCAA athlete in the U.S. for the University of Washington, where she set school records in every event from 1500m to 10 km. She set her personal best in the marathon with 2:32.56 in Scottsdale 1982.

Joyce became an American citizen in 1993, and continues to run in the Masters division.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Representing  Ireland | | | | | |
| 1983 | World Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 7th | Marathon | 2:33:52 |
| 1984 | World Cross Country Championships | New York City, United States | 21st | 5 km | 16:35 |
| | Olympic Games | Los Angeles, United States | 23rd | Marathon | 2:37:57 |

## InfoBox

Regina Joyce
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Irish |
| Born | (1957-02-07) February 7, 1957 |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Athletics |


title: Reece Boughton

abstract: Reece Bougton is an English professional rugby union player who plays for Gloucester. He is currently dual-registered with Cinderford R.F.C.

text:
# Reece Boughton

**Reece Bougton** (born 1 July 1995) is an English professional rugby union player who plays for Gloucester. He is currently dual-registered with Cinderford R.F.C.

## InfoBox

Reece Boughton
| Date of birth | (1995-07-01) 1 July 1995 |
| --- | --- |
| Place of birth | Gloucester, England |
| Height | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) |
| Weight | 82 kg (12 st 13 lb) |
| School | Beaufort Community School |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Scrum Half  **Current team** Gloucester Rugby  Senior career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  Gloucester Rugby   () | |


title: Guo Yi (footballer)

abstract: Guo Yi is a Chinese footballer who plays for Chinese League Two club Ganzhou Ruishi.

text:
# Guo Yi (footballer)

**Guo Yi** (Chinese: 郭毅; pinyin: *Guō Yì*; born 29 January 1993) is a Chinese footballer who plays for Chinese League Two club Ganzhou Ruishi.

## Club career

Guo joined Boavista youth team system in 2010 and was promoted to the first team in early 2012. He made his senior debut on 1 April 2012, in a 4–2 home victory against Padroense, coming as a substitute for Nuno Tavares in the 79th minute. Guo transferred to Primeira Liga side Marítimo in the summer of 2012. He was sent to the Marítimo B team. On 18 September 2013, he eventually made his debut in the Segunda Liga against Porto B, coming as a substitute for Kukula in the 88th minute. He was loaned to another Segunda Liga club Tondela in January 2014. However, he failed to establish himself within the team and played just one match in the final round of the season which Tondela lost to Moreirense 1–0 on 11 May 2014. Tondela officially announced Guo's departure on 12 May 2014. Guo moved to Portuguese Second Division side Gondomar in August 2014. Guo transferred to LigaPro side Leixões along with Pan Ximing on 6 July 2015.

On 29 January 2016, Guo transferred to Tianjin Teda in the Chinese Super League. He made his debut for Tianjin on 11 May 2016 in a 7–1 away win against Guangdong Haoxin in the 2016 Chinese FA Cup, coming on for Zhou Tong in the half time. On 17 September 2016, he made his Super League debut in a 2–0 away defeat against Jiangsu Suning, coming on as a substitute for Bai Yuefeng in the 73rd minute.

On 28 February 2018, Guo was loaned to China League One club Meizhou Hakka. He made a permanent transfer to Meizhou Hakka on 2 February 2019. He would go on to be utilized as a vital member of the team that gained promotion to the top tier after coming second within the division at the end of the 2021 China League One campaign.

## Career statistics

*As of 31 December 2022*.

| Club | Season | League | | | National Cup | | League Cup | | Continental | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Boavista | 2011–12 | Segunda Divisão | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | | - | | 1 | 0 |
| Marítimo B (loan) | 2012–13 | Segunda Liga | 0 | 0 | - | | - | | - | | 0 | 0 |
| | 2013–14 | | 1 | 0 | - | | - | | - | | 1 | 0 |
| | Total | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Tondela (loan) | 2013–14 | Segunda Liga | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | | - | | 1 | 0 |
| Gondomar | 2014–15 | Campeonato de Portugal | 25 | 3 | 2 | 0 | - | | - | | 27 | 3 |
| Leixões | 2015–16 | LigaPro | 12 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | - | | 16 | 1 |
| Tianjin Teda | 2016 | Chinese Super League | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | | - | | 5 | 0 |
| | 2017 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | | - | | 0 | 0 |
| | Total | | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Meizhou Hakka (loan) | 2018 | China League One | 26 | 3 | 0 | 0 | - | | - | | 26 | 3 |
| Meizhou Hakka | 2019 | | 27 | 9 | 0 | 0 | - | | - | | 27 | 9 |
| | 2020 | | 10 | 3 | 1 | 1 | - | | - | | 11 | 4 |
| | 2021 | | 33 | 7 | 0 | 0 | - | | - | | 33 | 7 |
| | 2022 | Chinese Super League | 10 | 1 | 2 | 0 | - | | - | | 12 | 1 |
| | Total | | 80 | 20 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 21 |
| Career total | | | 150 | 26 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 160 | 28 |

## InfoBox

Guo Yi
郭毅
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Guo Yi | | |
| Date of birth | (1993-01-29) 29 January 1993 | | |
| Place of birth | Liuzhou, Guangxi, China | | |
| Height | 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Left winger | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Ganzhou Ruishi(on loan from Meizhou Hakka) | | |
| Number | 7 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Shenzhen Yantian Sports School | | |
| 2010–2012 | Boavista | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2012 | Boavista | 1 | (0) |
| 2012–2014 | Marítimo | 0 | (0) |
| 2012–2013 | Marítimo B (loan) | 1 | (0) |
| 2014 | Tondela (loan) | 1 | (0) |
| 2014–2015 | Gondomar | 25 | (3) |
| 2015–2016 | Leixões | 12 | (0) |
| 2016–2018 | Tianjin Teda | 4 | (0) |
| 2018 | Meizhou Hakka (loan) | 26 | (3) |
| 2019– | Meizhou Hakka | 80 | (20) |
| 2023 | Qingdao West Coast (loan) | 22 | (4) |
| 2024- | Ganzhou Ruishi (loan) | 0 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 31 December 2022 | | | |


title: Redwood City station

abstract: Redwood City station is a Caltrain commuter rail station located in Redwood City, California. It is served by all trains. The station has two side platforms serving the two tracks of the Peninsula Subdivision. The original station building was built in 1901. It was remodeled in 1937 and moved to the west side of the tracks. The structure burned down in 1979 and was replaced with a "temporary" station in a trailer. A new waiting shelter was built in 1995, designed to emulate the original though with the addition of a clock tower.

text:
# Redwood City station

**Redwood City station** is a Caltrain commuter rail station located in Redwood City, California. It is served by all trains. The station has two side platforms serving the two tracks of the Peninsula Subdivision.

The original station building was built in 1901. It was remodeled in 1937 and moved to the west side of the tracks. The structure burned down in 1979 and was replaced with a "temporary" station in a trailer. A new waiting shelter was built in 1995, designed to emulate the original though with the addition of a clock tower.

### Bibliography

Media related to Redwood City station at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Redwood City | |
| --- | --- |
| A northbound train leaving Redwood City station in 2018 | |
| General information | |
| Location | 1 James Avenue
Redwood City, California |
| Coordinates | 37°29′09″N 122°13′53″W / 37.48583°N 122.23139°W / 37.48583; -122.23139 |
| Owned by | Peninsula Corridor Joint Powers Board (PCJPB) |
| Line(s) | PCJPB Peninsula Subdivision |
| Platforms | 2 side platforms |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Connections | SamTrans: ECR, 270, 274, 275, 276, 278, 296, 397
Commute.org: Redwood City-Midpoint, Seaport Centre
Pacific Shores Shuttle |
| Construction | |
| Parking | 557 spaces; paid |
| Bicycle facilities | 18 racks, 50 lockers |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Fare zone | 2 |
| History | |
| Opened | 1901 |
| Rebuilt | July 1995 |
| Original company | Southern Pacific |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| 2018 | 4,212 per weekday 6.9% |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Caltrain Following station  San Carlostoward San Francisco  1XX Local  Menlo Parktoward San Jose Diridon or Tamien  Hillsdaletoward San Francisco  4XX Limited  Menlo Parktoward San Jose Diridon  5XX Express  Palo Altotoward San Jose Diridon  San Carlostoward San Francisco  6XX Weekend Local  Menlo Parktoward San Jose Diridon or Tamien | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Former services   Preceding station  Caltrain Following station  San Carlostoward San Francisco  Local (L1)  Menlo Parktoward San Jose Diridon or Tamien  Weekend Local (L2)   Belmonttoward San Francisco  Limited (L3)  Menlo Parktoward San Jose Diridon, Tamien or Gilroy  San Carlostoward San Francisco  Limited (L4)  Palo Altotoward San Jose Diridon, Tamien or Gilroy  Hillsdaletoward San Francisco  Limited (L5)  Menlo Parktoward San Jose Diridon or Tamien  Baby Bullet (B7)  Palo Altotoward San Jose Diridon  Preceding station Southern Pacific Railroad Following station  San Carlostoward San Francisco  Coast Line  Athertontoward Los Angeles  *Terminus*  Dumbarton Cut-off  Newarktoward Fremont | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |


title: Redwood Coast Transit

abstract: Redwood Coast Transit (RCT) provides bus service in Del Norte County, CA. The service offers 4 City Routes that operate in Crescent City, 2 regional routes that provide connections to Gasquet and Arcata, and a school route that provides 1 daily trip from Del Norte High School. RCT also offers a Dial A Ride service which primarily provides ADA Paratransit Service but the general public can pay a surcharge to use the service as well.

text:
# Redwood Coast Transit

**Redwood Coast Transit** (RCT) provides bus service in Del Norte County, CA. The service offers 4 City Routes that operate in Crescent City, 2 regional routes that provide connections to Gasquet and Arcata, and a school route that provides 1 daily trip from Del Norte High School. RCT also offers a Dial A Ride service which primarily provides ADA Paratransit Service but the general public can pay a surcharge to use the service as well.

## Fares

Current Fares

RTC has two types of fare: Local Fares paid on local routes and Zone Based Fares on Regional Routes. Youth, Seniors and people with a disability can receive a discounted fare.

## COVID-19 Response

In April 2020, evening trips on all lines and weekend service on lines 2 and 4 were discontinued due to reduced demand and staffing levels as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. On March 23, 2020, RCT eliminated fare collection to promote social distancing between passengers and operators, however this led to a spike in non-essential trips and operator complaints about crowded buses which lead RCT to resume fare collection in early April 2020.

## Routes

### Local Routes

| Route # | Destinations | Service Hours | Schedule |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 - Parkway/El Darado | College of the Redwoods, Safeway, Walmart, Cultural Center | Mon-Sat 7a-6p | Current Schedule |
| 2 - A/Inyo/ Washington | College of the Redwoods, Safeway, Walmart, Cultural Center | Mon-Fri 7a-5:30p | Current Schedule |
| 3 - Northcrest | Cultural Center, Senior Center | Mon-Sat 7a-5:30p | Current Schedule |
| 4 - Bertsch / Howland Hill | Cultural Center, Safeway, Rite Aide, Elk Valley Casino | Mon-Fri 7:30a-6p | Current Schedule |

### Regional Routes

| Route # | Destinations | Service Hours | Schedule |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20 - Smith River / Crescent City / Arcata | Lucky 7 Casino, Ft. Dick, College of the Redwoods, Cultural Center, Prairie Creek State Park, Orick Redwood National Park, Arcata Transit Center | Mon-Fri 6a-7p | Current Schedule |
| 199 – Crescent City / Gasquet | Cultural Center, Sutter Hospital, College of the Redwoods, Jedediah Smith Redwood State Park Visitor Center, Gasquet Market | Mon-Fri 7a-2p | Current Schedule |

### School Route

| Route # | Destinations | Service Hours | Schedule |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 300 - DNHS PM Tripper | Del Norte High School, Cultural Center, Walmart, Senior Center | \**Currently Discontinued due to COVID-19 pandemic.
1 trip leaving DNHS at 3:25p | Current Schedule |

## InfoBox

Redwood Coast Transit
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Parent | Redwood Coast Transit Authority |
| Headquarters | Redwood Coast Transit 140 Williams Rd., Crescent City. |
| Locale | Del Norte County, CA |
| Routes | 7 |
| Hubs | Cressent City Cultural Center |
| Depots | Redwood Coast Transit Yard 140 Williams Drive,
Crescent City |
| Daily ridership | Weekday: 390 Saturday/Holiday: 200 |
| Annual ridership | 110,691 (2019) |
| Operator | First Transit |
| Transit Manager | Joe Rye |
| Website | http://redwoodcoasttransit.org/ |


title: Guru Kelu Nair

abstract: Guru Kelu Nair was a renowned Kathakali dance artist and teacher. He trained in Kathakali from Kerala Kalamandalam under gurus like Pattikkantodi Ravunni Menon and Guru Kunchu Kurup. He pursued higher studies in Rasa-abhinaya from Rasa-abhinaya maestro guru Nātyāchārya Vidūshakaratnam Padma Shri Māni Mādhava Chākyār. In 1936, he was invited by Sri Rabindranath Tagore to establish the first Kathakali curriculum at Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan. There were no Kathakali accompanists during the time, and he composed Kathakali dance in Rabindra Nritya. Only after Kathakali arrived in Santiniketan, Tagore wrote the dance drama Shyama in which the characters Bajrasen and Kotal were created with the Kathakali technique in mind. He remained as a faculty member in Santiniketan until the death of Tagore in 1941. Noteworthy disciples of Guru Kelu Nair include Mrinalini Sarabhai, Rukmini Devi Arundale and Yog Sunder Desai. Guru Kelu Nair was awarded the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award in 1992 for his outstanding contribution to the field of Kathakali.

text:
# Guru Kelu Nair

**Guru Kelu Nair** was a renowned Kathakali dance artist and teacher.

He trained in Kathakali from Kerala Kalamandalam under gurus like Pattikkantodi Ravunni Menon and Guru Kunchu Kurup. He pursued higher studies in Rasa-abhinaya from Rasa-abhinaya maestro guru *Nātyāchārya Vidūshakaratnam Padma Shri* Māni Mādhava Chākyār. In 1936, he was invited by Sri Rabindranath Tagore to establish the first Kathakali curriculum at Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan. There were no Kathakali accompanists during the time, and he composed Kathakali dance in Rabindra Nritya. Only after Kathakali arrived in Santiniketan, Tagore wrote the dance drama Shyama in which the characters Bajrasen and Kotal were created with the Kathakali technique in mind. He remained as a faculty member in Santiniketan until the death of Tagore in 1941. Noteworthy disciples of Guru Kelu Nair include Mrinalini Sarabhai, Rukmini Devi Arundale and Yog Sunder Desai.

Guru Kelu Nair was awarded the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award in 1992 for his outstanding contribution to the field of Kathakali.


title: Gyffard partbooks

abstract: The 'Gyffard' Partbooks are an important set of English Renaissance choral partbooks, containing pieces by composers such as Thomas Tallis and John Sheppard, as well as additional unnamed composers, which are not found in other sources. This set of four partbooks were probably mostly copied during the reign of Mary I for use at St. Paul's Cathedral, but copying continued to ca. 1580. They are named after one of their early owners, Philip Gyffard.

text:
# Gyffard partbooks

The **'Gyffard' Partbooks** (British Library \[GB-Lbl\] Add. MS 17802–5; also spelled **Giffard**) are an important set of English Renaissance choral partbooks, containing pieces by composers such as Thomas Tallis and John Sheppard, as well as additional unnamed composers, which are not found in other sources.

This set of four partbooks were probably mostly copied during the reign of Mary I for use at St. Paul's Cathedral, but copying continued to ca. 1580. They are named after one of their early owners, Philip Gyffard.

## Contents

The collection consists of mostly four-voice sacred a cappella choral music (though there are some 3- and 5-voice pieces). The music is arranged liturgically, and groups of similar pieces are also arranged by the seniority of the composer. It contains the following pieces:

| No. | Composer | Title |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Anonymous | Te Deum |
| 2 | Anonymous | Asperges me Domine (I) |
| 3 | Anonymous | Asperges me Domine (II) |
| 4 | Anonymous | Asperges me Domine (III) |
| 5 | Anonymous | Asperges me Domine (IV) |
| 6 | Philip van Wilder | Pater noster/Lord's Prayer |
| 7 | John Taverner | Kyrie Leroy |
| 8 | Hyett | Kyrie eleison |
| 9 | John Taverner | Alleluia (Salve virgo) |
| 10 | John Taverner | Alleluia (Veni electa mea) |
| 11 | Christopher Tye | Kyrie eleison |
| 12 | Christopher Tye | Alleluia |
| 13 | William Mundy | Kyrie eleison |
| 14 | William Mundy | Alleluia |
| 15 | John Hake | Kyrie eleison |
| 16 | William Mundy | Alleluia |
| 17 | Robert Okeland | Kyrie eleison |
| 18 | Thomas Knyght | Alleluia (Obtine sacris) |
| 19 | Thomas Tallis | Alleluia (Ora pro nobis) |
| 20 | John Sheppard | Alleluia (Ora pro nobis) |
| 21 | John Sheppard | Alleluia (Veni electa me) |
| 22 | John Sheppard | Alleluia (Virtutes caeli) |
| 23 | John Sheppard | Alleluia (Per te Dei genitrix) |
| 24 | John Taverner | Western Wind Mass |
| 25 | Christopher Tye | Western Wind Mass |
| 26 | John Sheppard | Western Wind Mass |
| 27 | John Sheppard | French Mass |
| 28 | John Sheppard | Mass 'Be not afraid' |
| 29 | Thomas Tallis | Mass for Four Voices / Plainsong Mass |
| 30 | John Taverner | Plainsong Mass |
| 31 | John Sheppard | Plainsong Mass for a Mean |
| 32 | Thomas Appleby | Mass for a Mean |
| 33 | John Taverner | Audivi vocem de caelo |
| 34 | Thomas Tallis | Audivi vocem de caelo |
| 35 | John Sheppard | Audivi vocem de caelo |
| 36 | Robert Cooper | Hodie nobis caelorum rex |
| 37 | John Taverner | Hodie nobis caelorum rex |
| 38 | Thomas Tallis | Hodie nobis caelorum rex |
| 39 | John Sheppard | Hodie nobis caelorum rex |
| 40 | John Taverner | In pace in idipsum |
| 41 | Thomas Tallis | In pace in idipsum |
| 42 | John Sheppard | In pace in idipsum |
| 43 | John Blitheman | In pace in idipsum |
| 44 | Christopher Tye | In pace in idipsum |
| 45 | John Sheppard | In manus tuas / Domine (I) |
| 46 | John Sheppard | In manus tuas / Domine (II) |
| 47 | John Sheppard | In manus tuas / Domine (III) |
| 48 | William Mundy | Exsurge Christe |
| 49 | Anonymous | Nos alium deum nescimus |
| 50 | Anonymous | O salutaris hostia |
| 51 | Robert White | Libera me domine de morte aeterna |
| 52 | Christopher Tye | Gloria laus et honor tibi |
| 53 | Anonymous | The Passion (according to St Matthew) |
| 54 | John Blitheman | Gloria laus et honor tibi (I) |
| 55 | John Blitheman | Gloria laus et honor tibi (II) |
| 56 | John Sheppard | Victimae paschali laudes \[Alleluia (Confitemini domino)\] |
| 57 | Thomas Knyght | In die pasce: Christus resurgens |
| 58 | John Redford | In die pasce: Christus resurgens |
| 59 | Robert Barber | Dum transisset sabbatum |
| 60 | Robert Johnson (I) | In die pasce: Dum transisset sabbatum |
| 61 | John Taverner | Dum transisset sabbatum |
| 62 | Anonymous | Vidi aquam egredientem |
| 63 | John Sheppard | Salve festa dies |
| 64 | Anonymous | Sedit angelus ad sepulchrum domini |
| 65 | Anonymous | In die ascensionis: Viri Galilaei quid admiramini |
| 66 | Anonymous | In die pentecostes: Spiritus sanctus procedens |
| 67 | Anonymous | Alma chorus Domini: Messias, Soter, Emanuel, Sabaoth |
| 68 | John Mundy | Kyrie Paschali |
| 69 | John Ensdale | In die pasce: Haec dies quam fecit dominus |
| 70 | John Sheppard | Laudate pueri: Sit nomen Domini |
| 71 | John Sheppard, William Byrd, John Mundy | In exitu Israel: Facta est Judaea sanctificatio eius |
| 72 | Anonymous | Proper for Jesus Mass: In nomine Jesu omne genuflectatur |
|  | Anonymous | Proper for Jesus Mass: Gradual: Constituit Deus pater |
|  | Anonymous | Proper for Jesus Mass: Alleluia: Deulce nomen |
|  | Anonymous | Proper for Jesus Mass: Dulcis Jesus Nazarenus |
| 73 | William Whytbroke | Mass Upon the Square |
| 74 | William Mundy | Mass Upon the Square (I) |
| 75 | William Mundy | Mass Upon the Square (II) |
| 76 | William Mundy | Magnificat |
| 77 | Thomas Tallis | Magnificat |
| 78 | John Sheppard | Magnificat |
| 79 | John Taverner | Magnificat |
| 80 | Henry Stoning | Magnificat |
| 81 | Philippe van Wilder | Sancte Deus sancte fortis |
| 82 | Thomas Tallis | Sancte Deus sancte fortis |
| 83 | Richard Bramston | Recordare Domine testamenti tui |
| 84 | Christopher Tye | Sub tuam protectionem |
| 85 | Robert Johnson (I) | Gaude Maria virgo |
| 86 | Philip Alcoke | Salve regina |
| 87 | Anonymous | Sancta Maria virgo et mater |
| 88 | John Sheppard | Gaudete celicole omnes |
| 89 | Anonymous | Et portae inferi |
| 90 | Thomas Knyght | Sancta Maria virgo intercede |
| 91 | Christopher Hasjuns / Hoskins | Speciosa facta es |
| 92 | Thomas Wright | Nesciens mater virgo virum |
| 93 | Anonymous | Ave Maria gratia plena (I) |
| 94 | Anonymous | O bone Jesu |

## Sources

* *The Gyffard Partbooks* *I* and *II* edited by David Mateer. EARLY ENGLISH CHURCH MUSIC Volumes 48 and 51 (London: Stainer & Bell, 2007 and 2009)
* Roger Bray, 'British Museum Add. MSS. 17802-5 (The Gyffard Part-Books): An Index and Commentary', *Royal Musical Association Research Chronicle* 7 (1969), 31-50
* David Mateer, 'The "Gyffard" Partbooks: Composers, Owners, Date and Provenance', *Royal Musical Association Research Chronicle* 28 (1995), 21-50


title: Reflectarray antenna

abstract:
A reflectarray antenna consists of an array of unit cells, illuminated by a feeding antenna. The feeding antenna is usually a horn.
The unit cells are usually backed by a ground plane, and the incident wave reflects off them towards the direction of the beam, but each cell adds a different phase delay to the reflected signal.
A phase distribution of concentric rings is applied to focus the wavefronts from the feeding antenna into a plane wave.
A progressive phase shift can be applied to the unit cells to steer the beam direction. It is common to offset the feeding antenna to prevent blockage of the beam.
In this case, the phase distribution on the reflectarray surface needs to be altered. A reflectarray focuses a beam in a similar way to a parabolic reflector (dish), but with a much thinner form factor.

text:
# Reflectarray antenna

A **reflectarray antenna** (or just **reflectarray**) consists of an array of unit cells, illuminated by a feeding antenna (source of electromagnetic waves). The feeding antenna is usually a horn. The unit cells are usually backed by a ground plane, and the incident wave reflects off them towards the direction of the beam, but each cell adds a different phase delay to the reflected signal. A phase distribution of concentric rings is applied to focus the wavefronts from the feeding antenna into a plane wave (to account for the varying path lengths from the feeding antenna to each unit cell). A progressive phase shift can be applied to the unit cells to steer the beam direction. It is common to offset the feeding antenna to prevent blockage of the beam. In this case, the phase distribution on the reflectarray surface needs to be altered. A reflectarray focuses a beam in a similar way to a parabolic reflector (dish), but with a much thinner form factor.

## Phase distribution

According to, in a reflectarray a constant phase of the entire reflected field is achieved in a plane normal to the direction of the desired pencil beam as expressed by: $\frac {2\pi }{\lambda \_{0}\left(r\_{mn}-R\_{mn}.r\right)-\Delta \phi \_{mn}=2\pi N}$

where $\lambda \_{0}$ is free space wavelength,

$r\_{mn}$ is the position vector of the $mn$th element/unit cell relative to $(0,0,F)$,

$F$ is the focal length,

$R\_{mn}$ is the position vector of $mn$th element relative to the origin $(0,0,0)$ i.e. centre of the reflectarray,

$r$ is the direction vector of the desired pencil beam,

$N=1,2,3,...$,

and $\Delta \phi \_{mn}$ is the phase shift introduced by $mn$th unit cell of reflect array to its reflected field relative to the incident field.

For a feed horn located at $(0,0,F)$, the formula for the optimal phase distribution on a conventional reflectarray for a beam in the boresight direction is given by:

$\Delta \phi (x\_{m},y\_{m})={\frac {2\pi }{\lambda \_{0}{\sqrt {x^{2}+y^{2}+F^{2}}}}}$

where $\Delta \phi (x\_{m},y\_{m})$ is the phase shift for a unit cell located at coordinates $(x\_{m},y\_{m})$.

## Unit cell considerations

It is important to analyse the reflection magnitude $|S\_{11}|$ and the reflection phase $\angle S\_{11}$ across the frequency bandwidth of operation. When designing a reflectarray, we aim to maximise the reflection magnitude $|S\_{11}|$ to be close to 1 (0 dB). The reflection phase $\angle S\_{11}$ at each unit cell determines the overall beam shape and direction. Ideally, the total phase shift range would be 360°. The aperture efficiency, and hence gain, of the reflectarray will be reduced if the angle of incidence to the unit cells is not considered, or if spillover occurs or illumination of the reflectarray is not optimal (see also transmitarrays). Similarly, phase errors due to quantization into a discrete number of phase states for digital control can also reduce the gain.

A fixed reflectarray has a single beam direction per feed. Changing the shape of the unit cells alters their reflection phase. The unit cells cannot be reconfigured. This has applications in point-to-point communications, or for a satellite covering a specific geographic region (with a fixed beam contour). A reconfigurable reflectarray has unit cells whose phase can be electronically controlled in real-time to steer the beam or change its shape. Several methods have been used to implement reconfigurable reflectarray unit cells, including PIN diodes, liquid crystal, and novel materials. Each of these methods introduces loss which reduces the efficiency of the unit cells. Linearity (such as distortion due to the diodes) also needs to be considered to minimise out-of-band radiation which could interfere with users on adjacent frequencies.

## Other types of reflectarrays

In satellite communications, it is necessary to produce multiple beams per feed, sometimes operating at different frequencies and polarizations. An example of this is the four-color frequency reuse scheme. Circular polarization is commonly used to reduce the effect of atmospheric depolarization on the communication system performance. A dual-band reflectarray has two different passband frequencies, for example for uplink and downlink. A bifocal reflectarray has two principle foci, so can focus wavefronts to or from two feeding antennas simultaneously. A dual reflectarray consists of two stages of reflection, in which the beam is first focused by one reflectarray, then by another. The phase distribution on each reflectarray must be carefully calculated to ensure that the phase derivatives are consistent with the angle of incidence of the rays The ratio of the sizes and positions of these reflectarrays can be used to achieve quasi-optical magnification (narrowing of the beam).


title: Reedley College

abstract: Reedley College is a public community college in Reedley, California. It is a part of the California Community Colleges system within the State Center Community College District (SCCCD). It is accredited by the WASC Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges. The college offers associate degrees.

text:
# Reedley College

**Reedley College** (**Reedley** or **RC**) is a public community college in Reedley, California. It is a part of the California Community Colleges system within the State Center Community College District (SCCCD). It is accredited by the WASC Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges. The college offers associate degrees.

## History

Reedley College was founded in May 1926, as **Reedley Junior College**, on the campus of Reedley High School. It became a full community college on July 1, 1946. In 1954, the school district voted to move Reedley College to its own campus. In 1956, it moved to its present location on 420 acres (1.7 km2) of what was once a part of the historic Thomas Law Reed Ranch, 300 acres (1.2 km2) of which remain in use as farmland. In 1963, the college joined the SCCCD. The school was renamed **Kings River Community College** in 1980. However, by popular demand, the name Reedley College was restored in July 1998.

Reedley's aviation program added five Skyleader 600 light-sport aircraft in 2023.

## College centers

Reedley College has two college centers, Madera Community College Center and Oakhurst Community College Center.

The Madera Community College Center is located in Madera, California on 114 acres (0.46 km2) of donated land. It was originally opened at its current site in 1996 and has slowly continued to expand since. The newest addition to the campus was the construction of the 50,000 sq ft (4,600 m2). academic village which houses state of the art computer and science labs as well as additional classroom and office space. Future expansion projects are being planned. The campus currently offers some associate degree majors as well as general education courses transferable to four-year universities. In 2020 the Madera Community College center became a stand alone community college.

The Oakhurst Community College Center is located in Oakhurst, California and opened at its current location in 1996 on 2.6 acres (11,000 m2) of land. The center is housed in four buildings adjacent to the town's library.

Clovis Community College, formerly known as the Willow International Center, was a Reedley College Center until July 1, 2015, when it became a separate campus of the State Center Community College District.

## Housing

Reedley College is one of the only community colleges in the state of California to house students on campus. Sequoia Hall houses 40 women and 100 men. Sequoia Hall is located on the southern corner of the campus. One wing is for women and the other wing is for men. Construction of a new Sequoia Hall to replace the original aging facility started during the summer of 2008 and was completed in spring of 2010. The original building was razed.

## Athletics

The Reedley College Athletic Department fields teams in 12 intercollegiate sports with five men's teams and seven women's teams. The Tigers are a member of the Central Valley Conference in all sports except for football, which is a member of the Northern California Football Alliance (NCFA). The Reedley College football team won the Northern California Football Championship, the COA State Championship, and finished #1 in the nation in 2002 with a 12–0 record. The women's basketball team has been to the COA Final 16 more than 4 of the last 10 years. The women's tennis team has become a state power with an undefeated conference record since 2007 and various championship titles in recent years. Tiger athletes have gone on to four-year colleges such as Cal, Texas Tech, Fresno State, Oregon, Boise State, Minnesota, Texas State, and Michigan State, to name a few.

## Notable alumni

## Publications

* *The Chant* (Reedley College newspaper)
* *Currents* (Reedley College newsletter)
* *Symmetry* (Reedley College works from English and art students)
* *Paper Jam* (Reedley College Writing Center newsletter)

1. "Home". *reedleycollege.edu*.
2. "California Community Colleges Chancellor's Office - Data Mart".
3. Jessica Harrington (18 September 2023). "Reedley College adding 5 new airplanes to its flight science program". *ABC30 Fresno*. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
4. Shelton, Valerie (2015-07-15). "Clovis now boasts the 113th community college in California". *Clovis Roundup*. Retrieved 2015-07-18.

36°36′26.0″N 119°27′37.0″W / 36.607222°N 119.460278°W / 36.607222; -119.460278

## InfoBox

Reedley College
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Public community college |
| Established | 1926 |
| Parent institution | California Community Colleges system, State Center Community College District |
| Chancellor | Paul Parnell |
| President | Jerry L. Buckley |
| Students | 12,916 |
| Location | Reedley, California, United States |
| Campus | Rural 420 acres (1.7 km2) |
| Colors | Orange and Black |
| Mascot | Tigers |
| Website | www.reedleycollege.edu |


title: Regin Dahl

abstract: Regin Dahl was a Faroese author and composer.

text:
# Regin Dahl

**Regin Dahl** (5 November 1918 – 29 March 2007) was a Faroese author and composer.

## Biography

Dahl came from a literary family; his father being the translator and provost Jákup Dahl. His own poetry has been described as more modernistic than that of many previous Faroese poets.

His family also contained musicians like his grandfather Georg Casper Hansen, and Dahl himself was noted as a composer. In youth he did not know how to transcribe his compositions so would work on them in his head before performing them at cultural events. As a composer he wrote musical settings for 34 Erik Axel Karlfeldt poems and created around 450 compositions in all.

In the mid 1990s, Marianne Clausen made musical transcriptions of his many compositions, and published them as *Atlantsløg* and *Atlantsløg II* under his name.

## Recognition

Dahl was honoured in 1998 with the Faroese Cultural Prize (*Mentanarvirðisløn Landsins*). He was the first person to receive this annual award.

## InfoBox

| Regin Dahl | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 5 November 1918
Tórshavn, Faroe Islands |
| Died | 29 March 2007(2007-03-29) (aged 88)
Copenhagen, Denmark |
| Nationality | Faroese |
| Occupations |  |


title: Reginald Ayres

abstract: Sir Reginald John Ayres, KBE, CB was a British civil servant.

text:
# Reginald Ayres

**Sir Reginald John Ayres**, KBE, CB (22 April 1900 – 25 June 1966) was a British civil servant.

## Biography

Born in 1900, aged 15 Ayres joined the Admiralty as a boy clerk, before joining the armed forces in 1918; he left as a Sergeant in 1920 and joined the Ministry of Labour as an executive officer. In 1942, he joined the Ministry of Fuel and Power as Deputy Accountant General. He became Under Secretary for Finance and Accountant General in 1950 and Deputy Secretary in 1950, before retiring in 1961. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1946), a Commander (CBE) in 1949 and Knight Commander (KBE) in 1958; he was also a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB). In the inter-war period, Ayres's work with the Ministry of Labour in the north-east of England brought him into contact with unemployed miners and their families, which stimulated what *The Times* called his "deep devotion to the coal industry"; he served as a part-time member of the National Coal Board after retiring from the civil service. His time at the Ministry of Fuel and Power in the 1940s was concerned with nationalising the coal industry - overseeing fuel policy thereafter. *The Times* wrote that "it was all too easy to assume, on first acquaintance, that he was a solid, strong, reliable, experienced and shrewd civil servant, and nothing more. In fact ... he was an original thinking and inspiring leader ... his whole career was a fine example of public service in the best sense". In 1922, he married Rosalie Smelt and they had four children: two sons and two daughters. He died on 25 June 1966.

## Likenesses

* Obituary in *The Times* (London), 29 June 1966, p. 14.


title: Regional 2 Thames

abstract: Regional 2 Thames is an English level 6 rugby union regional league for rugby clubs in London and the south-east of England including sides from Bedfordshire, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Greater London, Hertfordshire, Middlesex and Surrey. It was created following the 2022 Adult Competition Review by the Rugby Football Union (RFU). Amersham and Chiltern are the champions and are promoted to Regional 1 South East.

text:
# Regional 2 Thames

**Regional 2 Thames** is an English level 6 rugby union regional league for rugby clubs in London and the south-east of England including sides from Bedfordshire, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Greater London, Hertfordshire, Middlesex and Surrey. It was created following the 2022 Adult Competition Review by the Rugby Football Union (RFU). Amersham and Chiltern are the champions and are promoted to Regional 1 South East.

## Structure and format

The twelve teams play home and away matches from September through to April, making a total of twenty-two matches each. The results of the matches contribute points to the league as follows:

* 4 points are awarded for a win
* 2 points are awarded for a draw
* 0 points are awarded for a loss, however
* 1 losing (bonus) point is awarded to a team that loses a match by 7 points or fewer
* 1 additional (bonus) point is awarded to a team scoring 4 tries or more in a match

There is one automatic promotion place and two relegation places. The first-placed team at the end of season wins promotion to either Regional 1 South Central or Regional 1 South East.

## Teams for 2024–25

Departing were Amersham & Chiltern, promoted to Regional 1 South East whilst Fullerians were relegated to Counties 1 Herts/Middlesex. Also leaving were Chobham on a level transfer to Regional 2 South Central. Replacing them were London Irish Wild Geese returning to the league on a level transfer from Regional 2 South Central together with London Scottish Lions promoted from Counties 1 Herts/Middlesex, Teddington promoted from Counties 1 Surrey/Sussex and Beaconsfield from Counties 1 Southern North. With three departing and four joining, the league was restored to twelve teams.

## 2023–24

Leaving the league were Hammersmith & Fulham, promoted to Regional 1 South Central whilst Beaconsfield and Windsor were relegated to Counties 1 Southern North. Also departing were Cobham and London Cornish on a level transfer to Regional 2 South East as did London Irish Wild Geese to Regional 2 South Central

In their place came Chobham promoted from Counties 1 Surrey/Sussex, Hemel Hempstead and Grasshoppers, both promoted from Counties 1 Herts/Middlesex, and Marlow promoted from Counties 1 Southern North whilst H.A.C. joined on a level transfer from Regional 2 Anglia.

Leighton Buzzard had joined on a level transfer from Regional 2 Midlands East (10th in 2022-23) but after conceding numerous walkovers withdrew leaving the league with just eleven sides.

### League table

| **Regional 2 Thames 2023–24** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Team | Played | Won | Drawn | Lost | Points for | Points against | Points diff | Try bonus | Loss bonus | Points |
| **1** | Amersham & Chiltern | 20 | 16 | 1 | 3 | 766 | 322 | 444 | 17 | 3 | **86** |
| 2 | Belsize Park | 20 | 17 | 0 | 3 | 689 | 411 | 278 | 14 | 2 | **84** |
| 3 | Honourable Artillery Company | 20 | 16 | 3 | 1 | 575 | 369 | 206 | 11 | 1 | **82** |
| 4 | Old Priorians | 20 | 11 | 0 | 9 | 598 | 468 | 130 | 10 | 5 | **59** |
| 5 | Hemel Hempstead | 20 | 9 | 2 | 9 | 516 | 584 | −68 | 11 | 3 | **54** |
| 6 | Grasshoppers | 20 | 9 | 0 | 11 | 569 | 579 | −10 | 13 | 5 | **54** |
| 7 | Chobham | 20 | 9 | 0 | 11 | 555 | 684 | −129 | 14 | 2 | **52** |
| 8 | Old Haberdashers | 20 | 9 | 2 | 9 | 501 | 525 | −24 | 6 | 3 | **49** |
| 9 | Marlow | 20 | 5 | 0 | 15 | 388 | 749 | −361 | 6 | 2 | **28** |
| 10 | Aylesbury | 20 | 2 | 1 | 17 | 497 | 679 | −182 | 8 | 8 | **26** |
| **R** | Fullerians | 20 | 2 | 1 | 17 | 342 | 626 | −284 | 1 | 5 | **16** |
| * If teams are level at any stage, tiebreakers are applied in the following order: 1. Number of matches won 2. Number of draws 3. Difference between points for and against 4. Total number of points for 5. Aggregate number of points scored in matches between tied teams 6. Number of matches won excluding the first match, then the second and so on until the tie is settled | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Green background is the promotion place. Pink background is the relegation place.
**Updated: 27 August 2024**
Source: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Teams for 2022–23

This was the first season following the RFU Adult Competition Review. The league had similarities to London 2 North West but was a level higher in the English rugby pyramid being 6 not 7. Some of the teams joining would have previously played in London 2 South West being Surrey Rugby affiliated clubs. It also picked up three Berkshire RFU and Bucks RFU clubs who had historically competed in SW Division leagues.

### League table

| **Regional 2 Thames 2022–23** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Team | Played | Won | Drawn | Lost | Points for | Points against | Points diff | Try bonus | Loss bonus | Points |
| **1** | Hammersmith & Fulham | 22 | 18 | 0 | 4 | 869 | 348 | 521 | 17 | 3 | **92** |
| 2 | Amersham & Chiltern | 22 | 17 | 0 | 5 | 673 | 475 | 198 | 15 | 4 | **87** |
| 3 | Chobham | 22 | 16 | 0 | 6 | 669 | 528 | 141 | 14 | 4 | **82** |
| 4 | Old Priorians | 22 | 15 | 0 | 7 | 657 | 447 | 210 | 13 | 4 | **77** |
| 5 | London Irish Wild Geese | 22 | 12 | 0 | 10 | 530 | 574 | −44 | 13 | 2 | **63** |
| 6 | London Cornish | 22 | 10 | 0 | 12 | 534 | 591 | −57 | 13 | 6 | **59** |
| 7 | Aylesbury | 22 | 10 | 0 | 12 | 606 | 686 | −80 | 14 | 5 | **59** |
| 8 | Fullerians | 21 | 8 | 1 | 12 | 460 | 539 | −79 | 8 | 6 | **48** |
| 9 | Belsize Park | 21 | 8 | 0 | 13 | 392 | 506 | −114 | 7 | 4 | **43** |
| 10 | Old Haberdashers | 22 | 8 | 0 | 14 | 490 | 616 | −126 | 5 | 6 | **43** |
| 11 | Beaconsfield | 22 | 4 | 1 | 17 | 442 | 636 | −194 | 5 | 10 | **33** |
| 12 | Windsor | 22 | 4 | 0 | 18 | 343 | 719 | −376 | 5 | 3 | **24** |
| * If teams are level at any stage, tiebreakers are applied in the following order: 1. Number of matches won 2. Number of draws 3. Difference between points for and against 4. Total number of points for 5. Aggregate number of points scored in matches between tied teams 6. Number of matches won excluding the first match, then the second and so on until the tie is settled | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Green background is the promotion place. Pink background is the relegation place.
**Updated: 1 September 2024**
Source: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Regional 2 Thames honours

| **List of Regional 2 Thames honours** | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | No of teams | Champions | Runner–up | Relegated team(s) | Ref |
| 2022–23 | 12 | **Hammersmith & Fulham** | Amersham and Chiltern | Beaconsfield and Windsor |  |
| 2023–24 | 11 | **Amersham and Chiltern** | Belsize Park | Fullerians |  |
| **Green background** is the promotion place. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

Regional 2 Thames
| **Current season or competition:**
***2024–25 Regional 2 Thames*** | |
| --- | --- |
| Sport | Rugby union |
| Instituted | 2022 (2022) |
| Number of teams | 12 |
| Country | England |
| Holders | Amersham and Chiltern (1st title)  (2023–24) |
| Website |  |


title: Gurnard, Isle of Wight

abstract: Gurnard is a village and civil parish on the Isle of Wight, two miles to the west of Cowes. Gurnard sits on the edge of Gurnard Bay, enjoyed by the Gurnard Sailing Club. Gurnard's main street features a pub, a few shops and a few houses. The west end of the beach is Gurnard Marsh and a stream called "The Luck" which discharges into the Solent. A fortification known as Gurnard Fort was built on a headland west of Gurnard Marsh about 1600. The land was eroded, however, and all traces disappeared until an archaeological excavation of a Roman villa in 1864 uncovered traces of Gurnard Fort as well. Transport is provided by Southern Vectis route 32 to and from Cowes, and route 1 to Cowes and Newport, Isle of Wight.

text:
# Gurnard, Isle of Wight

**Gurnard** is a village and civil parish on the Isle of Wight, two miles to the west of Cowes. Gurnard sits on the edge of Gurnard Bay, enjoyed by the Gurnard Sailing Club.

Gurnard's main street features a pub (Portland Inn), a few shops and a few houses. The west end of the beach is Gurnard Marsh and a stream called "The Luck" which discharges into the Solent.

A fortification known as Gurnard Fort was built on a headland west of Gurnard Marsh about 1600. The land was eroded, however, and all traces disappeared until an archaeological excavation of a Roman villa in 1864 uncovered traces of Gurnard Fort as well.

Transport is provided by Southern Vectis route 32 to and from Cowes, and route 1 to Cowes and Newport, Isle of Wight.

## InfoBox

| Gurnard | |
| --- | --- |
| Gurnard beachfront | |
| GurnardLocation within the Isle of Wight | |
| Area | 4.0863 km2 (1.5777 sq mi) |
| Population | 1,682 (2011 census including Rew Street) |
| Density | 412/km2 (1,070/sq mi) |
| OS grid reference | SZ478946 |
| Civil parish | * Gurnard |
| Unitary authority |  |
| Ceremonial county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | COWES |
| Postcode district | PO31 |
| Dialling code | 01983 |
|  | |
| Police | Hampshire and Isle of Wight |
| Fire | Hampshire and Isle of Wight |
| Ambulance | Isle of Wight |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Regional District of Central Okanagan

abstract: The Regional District of Central Okanagan (RDCO) is a regional district in the Canadian province of British Columbia, representing two unincorporated Electoral Areas of Central Okanagan East and Central Okanagan West, along with the member municipalities of the City of Kelowna, City of West Kelowna, the District of Lake Country, the District of Peachland, and Westbank First Nation. The RDCO office is located in Kelowna. Statistics Canada defines the Kelowna CMA or Kelowna Metropolitan Area as being identical in area with the RDCO. The population in 2016 was 194,882, an increase from the official Canada 2006 Census total of 162,276. The area is 2,904.86 square kilometres.

text:
# Regional District of Central Okanagan

The **Regional District of Central Okanagan** (**RDCO**) is a regional district in the Canadian province of British Columbia, representing two unincorporated Electoral Areas of Central Okanagan East and Central Okanagan West, along with the member municipalities of the City of Kelowna, City of West Kelowna, the District of Lake Country, the District of Peachland, and Westbank First Nation. The RDCO office is located in Kelowna.

Statistics Canada defines the **Kelowna CMA** (Census Metropolitan Area) or **Kelowna Metropolitan Area** as being identical in area with the RDCO. The population in 2016 was 194,882, an increase from the official Canada 2006 Census total of 162,276 (these figures exclude the population of reserves belonging to the Westbank First Nation). The area is 2,904.86 square kilometres.

## Communities

### Incorporated municipalities

### Communities and neighbourhoods

* **Kelowna neighbourhoods**

* **District municipality villages**

### Regional district electoral areas

#### Central Okanagan West Electoral (Central Okanagan J)

*Central Okanagan West Electoral Area* used to be known as the **Westside Electoral Area**. It was created from the merger of Central Okanagan G and Central Okanagan H. The 2005 population exclusive of anyone living on an Indian Reserve, was 37,638 people. In 2007 most of the electoral area's population transferred to the jurisdiction of the newly incorporated District Municipality of West Kelowna.

##### Communities

*Central Okanagan West*

#### Central Okanagan East (Central Okanagan I)

### Indigenous reserves

(within the boundaries of, but not part of, the RD)

## Demographics

As a census division in the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Regional District of Central Okanagan had a population of 222,162 living in 94,335 of its 102,097 total private dwellings, a change of 14% from its 2016 population of 194,892. With a land area of 2,902.45 km2 (1,120.64 sq mi), it had a population density of 76.5/km2 (198.2/sq mi) in 2021.

Panethnic groups in the Central Okanagan Regional District (2001−2021)
| Panethnic
group | 2021 | | 2016 | | 2011 | | 2006 | | 2001 | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % |
| European | 180,675 | 82.68% | 164,260 | 86.2% | 157,625 | 89.34% | 146,120 | 91% | 136,310 | 93.39% |
| Indigenous | 13,420 | 6.14% | 11,370 | 5.97% | 8,260 | 4.68% | 6,120 | 3.81% | 3,950 | 2.71% |
| South Asian | 7,425 | 3.4% | 3,925 | 2.06% | 3,230 | 1.83% | 2,345 | 1.46% | 1,465 | 1% |
| East Asian | 5,870 | 2.69% | 4,545 | 2.39% | 3,425 | 1.94% | 2,965 | 1.85% | 2,510 | 1.72% |
| Southeast Asian | 4,200 | 1.92% | 2,655 | 1.39% | 1,470 | 0.83% | 1,130 | 0.7% | 545 | 0.37% |
| African | 2,395 | 1.1% | 1,255 | 0.66% | 780 | 0.44% | 660 | 0.41% | 455 | 0.31% |
| Latin American | 1,790 | 0.82% | 1,065 | 0.56% | 715 | 0.41% | 530 | 0.33% | 415 | 0.28% |
| Middle Eastern | 1,495 | 0.68% | 695 | 0.36% | 360 | 0.2% | 255 | 0.16% | 140 | 0.1% |
| Other | 1,250 | 0.57% | 790 | 0.41% | 560 | 0.32% | 435 | 0.27% | 155 | 0.11% |
| Total responses | 218,530 | 98.37% | 190,565 | 97.78% | 176,435 | 98.11% | 160,565 | 98.95% | 145,950 | 98.79% |
| Total population | 222,162 | 100% | 194,882 | 100% | 179,839 | 100% | 162,276 | 100% | 147,739 | 100% |

* Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses.

1. "Regional District Board of Directors". Retrieved July 9, 2019.
2.
3. "Population and dwelling counts: Canada and census divisions". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved April 3, 2022.
4. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 26, 2022). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". *www12.statcan.gc.ca*. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
5. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 27, 2021). "Census Profile, 2016 Census". *www12.statcan.gc.ca*. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
6. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (November 27, 2015). "NHS Profile". *www12.statcan.gc.ca*. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
7. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (August 20, 2019). "2006 Community Profiles". *www12.statcan.gc.ca*. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
8. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (July 2, 2019). "2001 Community Profiles". *www12.statcan.gc.ca*. Retrieved February 17, 2023.

49°53′17″N 119°29′44″W / 49.888028°N 119.495417°W / 49.888028; -119.495417

## InfoBox

| Central Okanagan | |
| --- | --- |
| Regional district | |
| Regional District of Central Okanagan | |
| Downtown Kelowna from West Kelowna | |
|  | |
| Location in British Columbia | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | British Columbia |
| Established | 1967 |
| Administrative office location | Kelowna |
| Government | |
| Type | Regional district |
| Body | Board of directors |
| Chair | Loyal Wooldridge (Kelowna) |
| Vice chair | Gord Milsom (West Kelowna) |
| Electoral areas | * Central Okanagan East * Central Okanagan West |
| Area | |
| Land | 2,904.86 km2 (1,121.57 sq mi) |
| Population (2016) | |
| Total | 194,882 |
| Density | 67.1/km2 (174/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC-8 (PST) |
| Website | www.rdco.com |


title: Regional District of Nanaimo

abstract: The Regional District of Nanaimo is a regional district located on the eastern coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. It is bordered to the south by the Cowichan Valley Regional District, to the west by the Alberni-Clayoquot Regional District, and to the northwest by the Comox Valley Regional District. Its administration offices are located in Nanaimo. During the 2016 census, its population was established at 155,698. The Regional District of Nanaimo was incorporated on August 24, 1967. It has members that are cities, towns, districts, and seven electoral areas that contain unincorporated communities. The region owns and operates the Nanaimo Regional Transit System, which provides conventional local bus routes and special needs paratransit services.

text:
# Regional District of Nanaimo

The **Regional District of Nanaimo** is a regional district located on the eastern coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. It is bordered to the south by the Cowichan Valley Regional District, to the west by the Alberni-Clayoquot Regional District, and to the northwest by the Comox Valley Regional District. Its administration offices are located in Nanaimo. During the 2016 census, its population was established at 155,698.

The Regional District of Nanaimo was incorporated on August 24, 1967. It has members that are cities, towns, districts, and seven electoral areas that contain unincorporated communities.

The region owns and operates the Nanaimo Regional Transit System, which provides conventional local bus routes and special needs paratransit services.

## Incorporated municipalities

| Municipality | Government Type | Population |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Nanaimo | city | 90,504 |
| Parksville | city | 12,514 |
| Qualicum Beach | town | 8,687 |
| Lantzville | district municipality | 3,601 |

## Electoral areas

Electoral areas have no administrative or governmental function, and are used only to select rural representatives to the Regional District board. Statistics Canada also uses them as census subdivisions.

### Area A (Cassidy/Cedar/South Wellington)

This electoral area is located on Vancouver Island, on the Stuart Channel southeast of Nanaimo. Jessica Stanley is the elected RDN Director for the electoral area.

According to the Canada 2021 Census:

* Population: 7,481 (exclusive of any residents of Indian Reserves)
* % Change (2016–2021): 6.0
* Dwellings: 3,249
* Area (km²): 60.18
* Density (persons per km²): 124.3

Contains the communities of Cassidy, Cedar, and South Wellington. Nanaimo Airport is also located here.

### Area B (Gabriola Island)

This electoral area contains DeCourcy Island, Gabriola Island and Mudge Island. Vanessa Craig is the elected RDN Director for the electoral area.

According to the Canada 2016 Census:

* Population: 4,033 (exclusive of any residents of Indian Reserves)
* % Change (2011–2016): -0.3
* Dwellings: 2,987
* Area (km²): 57.76
* Density (persons per km²): 69.8

### Area C (Arrowsmith/Benson)

This electoral area is located on Vancouver Island, to the southwest of Nanaimo. It contains the upper Nanaimo River, the Nanaimo Lakes, Mount Benson and Mount Arrowsmith. Lauren Melanson is the elected RDN Director for the electoral area.

According to the Canada 2016 Census:

* Population: 2,808 (exclusive of any residents of Indian Reserves)
* % Change (2011–2016): -0.9
* Dwellings: 1,097
* Area (km²): 1,098.94
* Density (persons per km²): 2.6

Contains the communities of East Wellington and Extension.

### Area E (Nanoose Bay)

This electoral area is located on Vancouver Island, on the shore of the Strait of Georgia, between Lantzville and Parksville. It is co-extensive with the community of Nanoose Bay. Bob Rogers is the elected RDN Director for the electoral area.

According to the Canada 2016 Census:

* Population: 6,125 (exclusive of any residents of Indian Reserves)
* % Change (2011–2016): 7.9
* Dwellings: 3,066
* Area (km²): 75.08
* Density (persons per km²): 81.6

### Area F (Alberni Highway)

This electoral area is located on Vancouver Island, to the west of Qualicum Beach and Parksville. British Columbia Highway 4 runs the length of the area. Leanne Salter is the elected RDN Director for the electoral area.

According to the Canada 2016 Census:

* Population: 7,724 (exclusive of any residents of First Nation Reserves)
* % Change (2011–2016): 4.1
* Dwellings: 3,530
* Area (km²): 264.36
* Density (persons per km²): 29.2

Includes the communities of Coombs, Errington, Hilliers, Meadowood and Whiskey Creek, as well as Cameron Lake and Cathedral Grove.

### Area G (Mid-Oceanside)

This electoral area is located on Vancouver Island, on the shore of the Strait of Georgia, surrounding Qualicum Beach and almost surrounding Parksville. Lehann Wallace is the elected RDN Director for the electoral area.

According to the Canada 2016 Census:

* Population: 7,465 (exclusive of any residents of Indian Reserves)
* % Change (1996–2001): 4.3
* Dwellings: 3,553
* Area (km²): 49.32
* Density (persons per km²): 151.4

Contains the communities of Dashwood and French Creek.

### Area H (Lighthouse Country)

This electoral area is located on Vancouver Island, on the shore of the Strait of Georgia at the southern entrance to Baynes Sound, northwest of Qualicum Beach. Stuart McLean is the elected RDN Director for the electoral area.

According to the Canada 2016 Census:

* Population: 3,884 (exclusive of any residents of Indian Reserves)
* % Change (1996–2001): 10.7
* Dwellings: 2,436
* Area (km²): 277.41
* Density (persons per km²): 14.0

Contains the communities of Bowser, Deep Bay, Dunsmuir and Horne Lake, as well as the Shaw Hill area in its southeastern part.

## Demographics

As a census division in the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Regional District of Nanaimo had a population of 170,367 living in 75,273 of its 80,056 total private dwellings, a change of 9.4% from its 2016 population of 155,698. With a land area of 2,035.93 km2 (786.08 sq mi), it had a population density of 83.7/km2 (216.7/sq mi) in 2021.

Panethnic groups in the Nanaimo Regional District (2001−2021)
| Panethnic
group | 2021 | | 2016 | | 2011 | | 2006 | | 2001 | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % |
| European | 138,015 | 83.06% | 130,140 | 85.83% | 126,620 | 88.57% | 122,405 | 89.25% | 114,310 | 91.05% |
| Indigenous | 12,210 | 7.35% | 10,635 | 7.01% | 8,390 | 5.87% | 6,815 | 4.97% | 5,375 | 4.28% |
| East Asian | 5,080 | 3.06% | 3,885 | 2.56% | 2,805 | 1.96% | 3,140 | 2.29% | 2,070 | 1.65% |
| Southeast Asian | 3,475 | 2.09% | 2,275 | 1.5% | 1,440 | 1.01% | 1,415 | 1.03% | 1,520 | 1.21% |
| South Asian | 3,450 | 2.08% | 2,255 | 1.49% | 1,940 | 1.36% | 2,090 | 1.52% | 1,410 | 1.12% |
| African | 1,410 | 0.85% | 950 | 0.63% | 600 | 0.42% | 480 | 0.35% | 325 | 0.26% |
| Latin American | 925 | 0.56% | 565 | 0.37% | 465 | 0.33% | 260 | 0.19% | 260 | 0.21% |
| Middle Eastern | 775 | 0.47% | 465 | 0.31% | 270 | 0.19% | 150 | 0.11% | 105 | 0.08% |
| Other | 830 | 0.5% | 445 | 0.29% | 435 | 0.3% | 395 | 0.29% | 180 | 0.14% |
| Total responses | 166,165 | 97.53% | 151,630 | 97.39% | 142,955 | 97.53% | 137,150 | 98.93% | 125,550 | 98.85% |
| Total population | 170,367 | 100% | 155,698 | 100% | 146,574 | 100% | 138,631 | 100% | 127,016 | 100% |

* Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses.

## Administrative role

The Regional District of Nanaimo categorizes its responsibilities into five "action areas":

* The Regional Federation
* Strategic and Community Development
* Transportation and Solid Waste
* Regional and Community Utilities
* Recreation and Parks

1. "Regional Board". Retrieved July 9, 2019.
2.
3. "Regional District of Nanaimo". *BC Geographical Names*.
4. "Population and dwelling counts: Canada and census divisions". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved April 3, 2022.
5. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 26, 2022). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". *www12.statcan.gc.ca*. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
6. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 27, 2021). "Census Profile, 2016 Census". *www12.statcan.gc.ca*. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
7. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (November 27, 2015). "NHS Profile". *www12.statcan.gc.ca*. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
8. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (August 20, 2019). "2006 Community Profiles". *www12.statcan.gc.ca*. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
9. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (July 2, 2019). "2001 Community Profiles". *www12.statcan.gc.ca*. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
10. "2013-15 Board Strategic Plan" (PDF). Regional District of Nanaimo. October 4, 2012. Retrieved February 28, 2013.

49°15′00″N 124°20′00″W / 49.25000°N 124.33333°W / 49.25000; -124.33333

## InfoBox

| Nanaimo | |
| --- | --- |
| Regional district | |
| Regional District of Nanaimo | |
| Nanaimo Bastion | |
|  | |
| Location in British Columbia | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | British Columbia |
| Administrative office location | Nanaimo |
| Government | |
| Type | Regional district |
| Body | Board of directors |
| Chair | Vanessa Craig (B) |
| Vice chair | Tyler Brown (Nanaimo) |
| Electoral areas | * A - Cassidy/Cedar/South Wellington * B - De Courcy/Gabriola/Mudge * C - Arrowsmith/Benson * E - Nanoose Bay * F - Alberni Highway * G - Mid-Oceanside * H - Lighthouse Country |
| Area | |
| Land | 2,038.04 km2 (786.89 sq mi) |
| Population (2016) | |
| Total | 155,698 |
| Density | 76.4/km2 (198/sq mi) |
| Website | www.rdn.bc.ca |


title: Regional District of Kitimat–Stikine

abstract: The Regional District of Kitimat–Stikine is a local government administration in northwestern British Columbia, Canada. As of the 2016 Canadian census, it had a population of 37,367 living on a land area of 104,464.61 square kilometres (40,334.01 sq mi). Its administrative offices are in the city of Terrace. The next-largest municipality in the regional district is the District Municipality of Kitimat. The other incorporated municipalities in the regional district are the Village of Hazelton, the District of New Hazelton and the District of Stewart. Unincorporated communities are many, most of them Indian Reserves which are not part of the governmental system of the regional district, which has limited powers relating mostly to municipal-type services. The remote settlement of Dease Lake, formerly in the Stikine Region, was added to the regional district on December 1, 2007. Thornhill is the largest unincorporated community in the regional District with a population of 5000+ residents.

text:
# Regional District of Kitimat–Stikine

The **Regional District of Kitimat–Stikine** is a local government administration in northwestern British Columbia, Canada. As of the 2016 Canadian census, it had a population of 37,367 living on a land area of 104,464.61 square kilometres (40,334.01 sq mi). Its administrative offices are in the city of Terrace. The next-largest municipality in the regional district is the District Municipality of Kitimat. The other incorporated municipalities in the regional district are the Village of Hazelton, the District of New Hazelton and the District of Stewart. Unincorporated communities are many, most of them Indian Reserves which are not part of the governmental system of the regional district, which has limited powers relating mostly to municipal-type services. The remote settlement of Dease Lake, formerly in the Stikine Region, was added to the regional district on December 1, 2007. Thornhill is the largest unincorporated community in the regional District with a population of 5000+ residents.

## Municipalities

| Municipality | Government Type | Population |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Terrace | city | 12,123 |
| Kitimat | district municipality | 8,335 |
| New Hazelton | district municipality | 666 |
| Stewart | district municipality | 494 |
| Hazelton | village | 270 |
|

Thornhill unincorporated municipality population 5123

## Demographics

Population history
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1996 | 43,618 |  |
| 2001 | 40,876 | −6.3% |
| 2006 | 37,999 | −7.0% |
| 2011 | 37,361 | −1.7% |
| 2016 | 37,367 | +0.0% |
| 2021 | 37,790 | +1.1% |
| *Source: Statistics Canada* | | |

As a census division in the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Regional District of Kitimat–Stikine had a population of 37,790 living in 15,306 of its 17,386 total private dwellings, a change of 1.1% from its 2016 population of 37,367. With a land area of 104,307.25 km2 (40,273.25 sq mi), it had a population density of 0.4/km2 (0.9/sq mi) in 2021.

Panethnic groups in the Kitimat–Stikine Regional District (1996−2021)
| Panethnic
group | 2021 | | 2016 | | 2011 | | 2006 | | 2001 | | 1996 | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % |
| European | 21,590 | 57.93% | 21,960 | 59.45% | 23,040 | 62.23% | 23,850 | 63.07% | 27,975 | 68.7% | 31,230 | 71.89% |
| Indigenous | 13,415 | 35.99% | 13,265 | 35.91% | 12,660 | 34.19% | 12,275 | 32.46% | 10,960 | 26.92% | 10,210 | 23.5% |
| South Asian | 895 | 2.4% | 575 | 1.56% | 520 | 1.4% | 995 | 2.63% | 975 | 2.39% | 1,005 | 2.31% |
| Southeast Asian | 480 | 1.29% | 355 | 0.96% | 380 | 1.03% | 195 | 0.52% | 225 | 0.55% | 205 | 0.47% |
| East Asian | 435 | 1.17% | 330 | 0.89% | 250 | 0.68% | 285 | 0.75% | 235 | 0.58% | 480 | 1.1% |
| African | 230 | 0.62% | 210 | 0.57% | 40 | 0.11% | 85 | 0.22% | 170 | 0.42% | 160 | 0.37% |
| Latin American | 110 | 0.3% | 140 | 0.38% | 55 | 0.15% | 85 | 0.22% | 135 | 0.33% | 75 | 0.17% |
| Middle Eastern | 45 | 0.12% | 25 | 0.07% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 10 | 0.02% | 30 | 0.07% |
| Other | 70 | 0.19% | 80 | 0.22% | 55 | 0.15% | 40 | 0.11% | 35 | 0.09% | 50 | 0.12% |
| Total responses | 37,270 | 98.62% | 36,940 | 98.86% | 37,025 | 99.1% | 37,815 | 99.52% | 40,720 | 99.62% | 43,440 | 99.59% |
| Total population | 37,790 | 100% | 37,367 | 100% | 37,361 | 100% | 37,999 | 100% | 40,876 | 100% | 43,618 | 100% |

* Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses.

1. "Board of Directors". Retrieved July 9, 2019.
2.
3. "Regional District of Kitimat–Stikine". *BC Geographical Names*.
4. "Population and dwelling counts: Canada and census divisions". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved April 3, 2022.
5. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 26, 2022). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". *www12.statcan.gc.ca*. Retrieved February 23, 2023.
6. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 27, 2021). "Census Profile, 2016 Census". *www12.statcan.gc.ca*. Retrieved February 23, 2023.
7. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (November 27, 2015). "NHS Profile". *www12.statcan.gc.ca*. Retrieved February 23, 2023.
8. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (August 20, 2019). "2006 Community Profiles". *www12.statcan.gc.ca*. Retrieved February 23, 2023.
9. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (July 2, 2019). "2001 Community Profiles". *www12.statcan.gc.ca*. Retrieved February 23, 2023.
10. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (June 4, 2019). "Electronic Area Profiles Profile of Census Divisions and Subdivisions, 1996 Census". *www12.statcan.gc.ca*. Retrieved February 23, 2023.

## InfoBox

| Kitimat–Stikine | |
| --- | --- |
| Regional district | |
| Regional District of Kitimat–Stikine | |
| Terrace townsite | |
|  | |
| Location in British Columbia | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | British Columbia |
| Administrative office location | Terrace |
| Government | |
| Type | Regional district |
| Body | Board of directors |
| Chair | Philip Germuth (Kitimat) |
| Vice chair | James Cordeiro (Terrace) |
| Electoral areas | * A * B * C * D * E * F |
| Area | |
| Land | 104,464.61 km2 (40,334.01 sq mi) |
| Population (2016) | |
| Total | 37,367 |
| Density | 0.358/km2 (0.93/sq mi) |
| Website | www.rdks.bc.ca |