title: Optic pit

abstract: Optic pit, optic nerve pit, or optic disc pit (ODP) is rare a congenital excavation of the optic disc, resulting from a malformation during development of the eye. The incidence of ODP is 1 in 10,000 people with no predilection for either gender. There is currently no known risk factors for their development. Optic pits are important because they are associated with posterior vitreous detachments (PVD) and even serous retinal detachments.

text:
# Optic pit

**Optic pit**, **optic nerve pit**, or **optic disc pit (ODP)** is rare a congenital excavation (or regional depression) of the optic disc (also optic nerve head), resulting from a malformation during development of the eye. The incidence of ODP is 1 in 10,000 people with no predilection for either gender. There is currently no known risk factors for their development. Optic pits are important because they are associated with posterior vitreous detachments (PVD) and even serous retinal detachments.

## Signs and symptoms

Many times, an optic pit is asymptomatic and is just an incidental finding on examination of the eye by a physician. However, some patients may present with the symptoms of a posterior vitreous detachment or serous retinal detachment. This is because optic pits are associated with these disorders and are even speculated to be the actual cause of these disorders when they arise in patients with optic pits (see "Associated Retinal Changes" below for a more in-depth discussion on this theory). The most common visual field defects include an enlarged blind spot and a scotoma. Visual acuity is typically not affected by the pit but may get worse if serous detachment of the macula occurs. Metamorphopsia (distorted vision) may then result.

Optic pits were first described in 1882 as dark gray depressions in the optic disc. They may, however, appear white or yellowish instead. They can also range greatly in size (e.g. some can be minuscule while others may be large enough as to occupy most of optic disc surface). Optic pits are associated with other abnormalities of the optic nerve including large optic nerve size, large inferior colobomas of the optic disc, and colobomas of the retina. The optic disc originates from the optic cup when the optic vesicle invaginates and forms an embryonic fissure (or groove). Optic pits may develop due to failure of the superior end of the embryonic fissure to close completely.

## Risk factors

No particular risk factors have been conclusively identified; however, there have been a few reports that demonstrate an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance in some families. Therefore, a family history of optic pits may be a possible risk factor.

### Associated retinal changes

Optic pits have been associated with serous retinal detachments in up to as many as 50% of all cases. These detachments may occur at any age but most frequently present in early adulthood. The most popular theory behind this association is a separation of the layers of the retina, known as retinoschisis, due to fluid (the vitreous humour) entering the optic pit and traveling between the inner and outer layers of the retina. The outer layer may then subsequently detach. Evidence of retinoschisis has been demonstrated using OCT.

Centrally located optic pits are less likely to cause changes in the retina. However, if located more peripherally in the optic disc, then it is more likely to cause a serous retinal detachment. Furthermore, if the optic pit is located temporally (which the majority are), then it is more likely to cause detachment of the macula because of the macula's proximity to the temporal side of the optic disc. If serous macular detachment occurs, a patient's visual acuity may become as poor as 20/200 or worse.

Treatment for optic pit-associated macular detachment involves photocoagulation of the retina by use of an ion laser (either krypton or argon). This procedure works by burning one or more rows in between the optic disc and areas of serous retinal detachment. In most cases, macular reattachment results and visual acuity can be restored to about 20/80. This procedure may also be utilized prior to macular detachment in order to help prevent the future development of macular detachment. Other treatments for optic pit-associated macular detachment include macular buckling, gas tamponade, or vitrectomy. Some experts feel that the best results can be attained when the use of any of the above-mentioned modalities (laser photocoagulation, macular buckling, gas tamponade, and vitrectomy) are used in combination.

## Diagnosis

Optic pits should be diagnosed by an eye care professional who can perform a thorough exam of the back of the eye using an ophthalmoscope. More recently, the development of a special technology called optical coherence tomography (OCT) has allowed better visualization of the retinal layers. It has been used to demonstrate a marked reduction in the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer in the quadrant corresponding to the optic pit. This is not yet in standard use for diagnosis of an optic pit, but may be helpful in supporting a diagnosis.

## Treatment

Optic pits themselves do not need to be treated. However, patients should follow up with their eye care professional annually or even sooner if the patient notices any visual loss whatsoever. Treatment of PVD or serous retinal detachment will be necessary if either develops in a patient with an optic pit. Optic disc maculopathy can be treated with vitrectomy (removal of the vitreous in the eye).

## Occurrence

Optic pits occur equally between men and women. They are seen in roughly 1 in 10,000 eyes, and approximately 85% of optic pits are found to be unilateral (i.e. in only one eye of any affected individual). About 70% are found on the temporal side (or lateral one-half) of the optic disc. Another 20% are found centrally, while the remaining pits are located either superiorly (in the upper one-half), inferiorly (in the lower one-half), or nasally (in the medial one-half towards the nose).

## InfoBox

| Optic pit | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Optic disc(# 18) | |


abstract: Nema laži, nema prevare – Uživo, Zagreb '85 is the second live album by former Yugoslav and Serbian rock band Riblja Čorba. Originally a bootleg recording of Riblja Čorba concert held in Zagreb on March 3, 1985, Nema laži, nema prevare - Zagreb uživo `85 was released as a live album in 1995 by Slovenian record label Biveco. The recording was not remastered, or edited in any other way for the release. The band has included the album into their official discography.

text:
# Nema laži, nema prevare – Uživo, Zagreb '85

***Nema laži, nema prevare – Uživo, Zagreb '85*** (trans. *No Lies, No Frauds - Live, Zagreb '85*) is the second live album by former Yugoslav and Serbian rock band Riblja Čorba. Originally a bootleg recording of Riblja Čorba concert held in Zagreb on March 3, 1985, *Nema laži, nema prevare - Zagreb uživo \`85* was released as a live album in 1995 by Slovenian record label Biveco. The recording was not remastered, or edited in any other way for the release. The band has included the album into their official discography.

## Track listing

1. "Draga, ne budi peder" – 4:17
2. "Dvorska budala" – 3:29
3. "Rock 'n' Roll za kućni savet" – 4:16
4. "Neću da ispadnem životinja" – 4:40
5. "Dva dinara, druže" – 4:34
6. "Evo ti za taksi" – 2:47
7. "Egoista" – 2:48
8. "Hleba i igara" – 3:03
9. "'Alo" – 3:06
10. "Prevara" – 4:28
11. "Kad hodaš" – 4:53
12. "Sačekaj" – 3:38
13. "Kako je lepo biti glup" – 4:21
14. "Džindžer solo" – 3:24
15. "'Ajde beži" – 4:12
16. "Odlazak u grad" – 2:16
17. "Ostaću slobodan" – 2:17
18. "Volim, volim, volim žene" – 2:47
19. "Neću da te volim" – 4:14
20. "Priča o Žiki Živcu" – 3:24

## Personnel

* *Nema laži, nema prevare – Uživo, Zagreb \`85* at Discogs
* *EX YU ROCK enciklopedija 1960-2006*, Janjatović Petar; ISBN 978-86-905317-1-4
* *Riblja čorba*, Jakovljević Mirko; ISBN 86-83525-39-2

## InfoBox

| Nema laži, nema prevare - Zagreb uživo '85 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Riblja Čorba | |
| Released | August 14, 1995 |
| Recorded | March 3, 1985 |
| Genre | Hard rock |
| Length | 44:11 |
| Label | Biveco |
| Riblja Čorba chronology | |
| *Zbogom, Srbijo*
(1993) ***Nema laži, nema prevare - Zagreb uživo '85***
(1995) *Ostalo je ćutanje*
(1996) | |


title: Gea Happel Amigos Zoersel

abstract: Amigos - Van Pelt Sint Antonius Zoersel is a Belgian volleyball club based in Zoersel. The team was founded in 1997, as a result of a merger between VOC Halle and VC Amigos. Zoersel's women's A squad won promotion to the highest level of Belgian volleyball for the first time in 2006. The men's A squad currently participates in the EuroMillions Volley League since the season 2015-2016. Amigos Zoersel is the club with most members in Belgium. It counts 8 women's and 9 men's senior teams, and many youth teams.

text:
# Gea Happel Amigos Zoersel

**Amigos - Van Pelt Sint Antonius Zoersel** is a Belgian volleyball club based in Zoersel.

The team was founded in 1997, as a result of a merger between VOC Halle (founded 1974) and VC Amigos (founded 1972). Zoersel's women's A squad won promotion to the highest level of Belgian volleyball for the first time in 2006. The men's A squad currently participates in the EuroMillions Volley League since the season 2015-2016.

Amigos Zoersel is the club with most members in Belgium. It counts 8 women's and 9 men's senior teams, and many youth teams.

## Former squad (2018-2019)

### Women 2018-2019

Trainer & coach:  Jeroen Rymen Scouting:  Maarten Adriaensen Assistant-coach:  Tania Celis Strength trainer:  Christine Deleuil Physiotherapist:  Gilles Biset Mental performance coach:  Michel Sneyers Mentor:  Rene Rogge

| # | Nat. | Name | Position | Height |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 |  | Lieke Clerckx | Outside-spiker/ Opposite | 1m78 |
| 2 |  | Hélène Mertens | Middle-blocker | 1m86 |
| 3 |  | Tara Lauwers (C) | Setter | 1m83 |
| 4 |  | Lisette Hoff | Middle-blocker | 1m83 |
| 6 |  | Leen Van Grinsven | Libero | 1m77 |
| 8 |  | Laura De Jong | Outside-spiker | 1m83 |
| 9 |  | Aline Vervekken | Setter | 1m75 |
| 11 |  | Birthe Wittock | Outside-spiker/ Opposite | 1m83 |
| 13 |  | Sarah Cools | All round | 1m89 |
| 14 |  | Luna Van Peer | Libero | 1m68 |
| 18 |  | Valérie El Houssine | Outside-spiker | 1m79 |
| - |  | Lore Tops | Outside-spiker | - |

### Men 2018-2019

Trainer & coach:  Eric Van Drom Scouting:  Elien van der Burgt Physiotherapist:  Gilles Biset Team Manager:  Rudi Brison

| # | Nat. | Name | Position | Height |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 |  | Jan Loosen | Setter | 1m90 |
| 3 |  | Wim Deville | Middle-blocker | 2m03 |
| 4 |  | Jonas Colson | Outside-spiker | 1m93 |
| 5 |  | Dirk Luyten | Opposite | 1m93 |
| 6 |  | Jonathan Devriese | Middle-blocker | 2m00 |
| 7 |  | Thomas Hofmans | Outside-spiker | 1m90 |
| 8 |  | Robin Blondeel (C) | Setter | 1m86 |
| 9 |  | Jeroen Oprins | Opposite | 2m03 |
| 10 |  | Robin De Bont | Libero | 1m83 |
| 11 |  | Mathias Blondeel | Outside-spiker | 1m97 |
| 12 |  | Jef Vleugels | Outside-spiker/ Opposite | 1m94 |
| 13 |  | Jesper Ribbens | Libero | 1m85 |
| 14 |  | Tijs Van Der Maat | Middle-blocker | 1m94 |

## InfoBox

Amigos - Van Pelt Sint Antonius Zoersel
| Ground | Amigos - Van Pelt Arena
Sint-Antonius
Belgium |
| --- | --- |
| Chairman | Claude Holvoet |
| Captain | Tara Lauwers (women)
Robin Blondeel (men) |
| Website | Club home page |
| Uniforms | |
|  | |


title: Sengli Co

abstract: Sengli Co or Senlicuo or Sengli Tso is a freshwater alpine lake of Zhongba County, Shigatse in Southern Tibet, China.

text:
# Sengli Co

**Sengli Co** or **Senlicuo** (pinyin: *senli cuò*) or **Sengli Tso** (Tibetan: སེང་ལི་མཚོ།, Wylie: *seng li mtsho*, THL: *Sengli Tso*) is a freshwater alpine lake of Zhongba County, Shigatse in Southern Tibet, China.

## Location

The lake's elevation is 5,386 m (17,671 ft) above sea level, with a total surface area of 78 km2. Its water runs north to south through Laiwuzangbo before entering Dangquezangbo (Maquan River) in the Yarlung Zangbo River's upper sections.

It lies to the northwest of Buduo Town and southwest of Jima Town, about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Payang Town.

## InfoBox

| Sengli Co | |
| --- | --- |
| Senlicuo | |
| སེང་ལི་མཚོ། (Standard Tibetan) | |
| Sentinel-2 image (2022) | |
| Sengli Co | |
| Location | Zhongba County, Shigatse, Tibet, China |
| Coordinates | 30°25′09.66″N 84°04′08.15″E / 30.4193500°N 84.0689306°E / 30.4193500; 84.0689306 |
|  | |
| Surface area | 78 km2 (30 sq mi) |
| Surface elevation | 5,386 m (17,671 ft) |
|  | |
| Frozen | Winter |


title: Platyceps sindhensis

abstract: Platyceps sindhensis, the Sindh racer, is a species of snake of the family Colubridae. The snake is found in Pakistan.

text:
# Platyceps sindhensis

***Platyceps sindhensis***, the **Sindh racer**, is a species of snake of the family Colubridae.

The snake is found in Pakistan.

## InfoBox

| *Platyceps sindhensis* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Colubridae |
| Genus: | *Platyceps* |
| Species: | ***P. sindhensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Platyceps sindhensis***
Schätti, Tillack, & Kucharzewsk, 2014 | |
|


abstract: This is a list of members of the Australian Senate from 1968 to 1971. Half of its members were elected at the 5 December 1964 half Senate election and had terms due to finish on 30 June 1971; the other half were elected at 25 November 1967 half Senate election and had terms due to finish on 30 June 1974. The process for filling casual vacancies was complex. While senators were elected for a six-year term, people appointed to a casual vacancy only held office until the earlier of the next election for the House of Representatives or the Senate.

text:
# Members of the Australian Senate, 1968–1971

> **Senate composition at 1 July 1968**
> **Government (29)** \- (2 seat minority)
> Liberal (23)
> Country Party (6)
> **Opposition (26)**
> Labor (26)
> **Crossbench (5)**
> DLP (4)
> Independents (1)
> Changes in composition

This is a list of **members of the Australian Senate** from 1968 to 1971. Half of its members were elected at the 5 December 1964 half Senate election and had terms due to finish on 30 June 1971; the other half were elected at 25 November 1967 half Senate election and had terms due to finish on 30 June 1974. The process for filling casual vacancies was complex. While senators were elected for a six-year term, people appointed to a casual vacancy only held office until the earlier of the next election for the House of Representatives or the Senate.

| Senator | Party | | State | Term ending | Years in office |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ken Anderson |  | Liberal | New South Wales | 1971 | 1953–1975 |
| Reg Bishop |  | Labor | South Australia | 1974 | 1961–1981 |
| George Branson |  | Liberal | Western Australia | 1971 | 1958–1971 |
| Bill Brown |  | Labor | Victoria | 1970 | 1969–1970, 1971–1978 |
| Tom Bull |  | Country | New South Wales | 1971 | 1965–1971 |
| Nancy Buttfield |  | Liberal | South Australia | 1974 | 1955–1965, 1968–1974 |
| Condon Byrne |  | Democratic Labor | Queensland | 1974 | 1951–1959, 1968–1974 |
| Don Cameron |  | Labor | South Australia | 1971 | 1969–1978 |
| Martin Cameron |  | Liberal | South Australia | 1969 | 1969 |
| Harry Cant |  | Labor | Western Australia | 1971 | 1959–1974 |
| Jim Cavanagh |  | Labor | South Australia | 1974 | 1961–1981 |
| Sam Cohen |  | Labor | Victoria | 1974 | 1962–1969 |
| Sir Magnus Cormack |  | Liberal | Victoria | 1974 | 1951–1953, 1962–1978 |
| Bob Cotton |  | Liberal | New South Wales | 1974 | 1965–1978 |
| Gordon Davidson |  | Liberal | South Australia | 1971 | 1961, 1962, 1965–1981 |
| Don Devitt |  | Labor | Tasmania | 1971 | 1965–1978 |
| Felix Dittmer |  | Labor | Queensland | 1971 | 1959–1971 |
| Tom Drake-Brockman |  | Country | Western Australia | 1971 | 1958, 1959–1978 |
| Arnold Drury |  | Labor | South Australia | 1971 | 1959–1975 |
| Joe Fitzgerald |  | Labor | New South Wales | 1974 | 1962–1974 |
| Vince Gair |  | Democratic Labor | Queensland | 1971 | 1965–1974 |
| George Georges |  | Labor | Queensland | 1974 | 1967–1987 |
| Ivor Greenwood |  | Liberal | Victoria | 1971 | 1968–1976 |
| George Hannan |  | Liberal | Victoria | 1974 | 1956–1965, 1970–1974 |
| Bert Hendrickson |  | Labor | Victoria | 1971 | 1947–1971 |
| Jack Kane |  | Democratic Labor | New South Wales | 1974 | 1970–1974 |
| Jim Keeffe |  | Labor | Queensland | 1971 | 1964–1983 |
| Pat Kennelly |  | Labor | Victoria | 1971 | 1953–1971 |
| Bert Lacey |  | Labor | Tasmania | 1971 | 1965–1971 |
| Condor Laucke |  | Liberal | South Australia | 1974 | 1967–1981 |
| Keith Laught |  | Liberal | South Australia | 1971 | 1951–1969 |
| Ellis Lawrie |  | Liberal | Queensland | 1971 | 1965–1975 |
| Elliot Lillico |  | Liberal | Tasmania | 1971 | 1959–1974 |
| Jack Little |  | Democratic Labor | Victoria | 1974 | 1968–1974 |
| John Marriott |  | Liberal | Tasmania | 1971 | 1953–1975 |
| Ron Maunsell |  | Country | Queensland | 1974 | 1967–1981 |
| Doug McClelland |  | Labor | New South Wales | 1974 | 1961–1987 |
| Jim McClelland |  | Labor | New South Wales | 1971 | 1970–1978 |
| Colin McKellar |  | Country | New South Wales | 1974 | 1958–1970 |
| Frank McManus |  | Democratic Labor | Victoria | 1971 | 1956–1962, 1965–1974 |
| Alister McMullin |  | Liberal | New South Wales | 1971 | 1951–1971 |
| Bertie Milliner |  | Labor | Queensland | 1974 | 1968–1975 |
| Tony Mulvihill |  | Labor | New South Wales | 1971 | 1964–1983 |
| Lionel Murphy |  | Labor | New South Wales | 1974 | 1962–1975 |
| Justin O'Byrne |  | Labor | Tasmania | 1971 | 1947–1981 |
| James Ormonde |  | Labor | New South Wales | 1971 | 1958, 1959–1970 |
| Bob Poke |  | Labor | Tasmania | 1974 | 1956–1974 |
| George Poyser |  | Labor | Victoria | 1974 | 1966–1975 |
| Edgar Prowse |  | Country | Western Australia | 1974 | 1962–1973 |
| Peter Rae |  | Liberal | Tasmania | 1974 | 1968–1986 |
| Dame Annabelle Rankin |  | Liberal | Queensland | 1974 | 1947–1971 |
| Clem Ridley |  | Labor | South Australia | 1971 | 1959–1971 |
| Douglas Scott |  | Country | New South Wales | 1970 | 1970, 1974–1985 |
| Malcolm Scott |  | Liberal | Western Australia | 1971 | 1950–1971 |
| Peter Sim |  | Liberal | Western Australia | 1974 | 1964–1981 |
| Jim Toohey |  | Labor | South Australia | 1971 | 1953–1971 |
| Reg Turnbull |  | Independent | Tasmania | 1974 | 1962–1974 |
| James Webster |  | Country | Victoria | 1974 | 1964–1981 |
| Dame Ivy Wedgwood |  | Liberal | Victoria | 1971 | 1950–1971 |
| John Wheeldon |  | Labor | Western Australia | 1971 | 1964–1981 |
| Laurie Wilkinson |  | Labor | Western Australia | 1974 | 1966–1974 |
| Don Willesee |  | Labor | Western Australia | 1974 | 1950–1975 |
| Reg Withers |  | Liberal | Western Australia | 1974 | 1966, 1967–1987 |
| Ian Wood |  | Liberal | Queensland | 1971 | 1950–1978 |
| Ken Wriedt |  | Labor | Tasmania | 1974 | 1964–1980 |
| Reg Wright |  | Liberal | Tasmania | 1974 | 1950–1978 |
| Harold Young |  | Liberal | South Australia | 1974 | 1968–1981 |
|

1. Labor Senator Sam Cohen died on 7 October 1969; Labor member Bill Brown was appointed to fill the ensuing vacancy on 19 November but he was defeated for the seat at the November 1970 half Senate election by Liberal candidate George Hannan to complete the term until 30 June 1974.
2. Appointed to a casual vacancy and only held office until the earlier of the next election for the House of Representatives or the Senate.
3. Liberal Senator Keith Laught died on 13 May 1969; Liberal member Martin Cameron was appointed to fill the ensuing vacancy on 23 May but he was defeated for the seat at the October 1969 House of Representatives election by Labor candidate Don Cameron to complete the term until 30 June 1971.
4. Liberal Senator John Gorton resigned from the Senate on 1 February 1968. Liberal member Ivor Greenwood was appointed to fill the ensuing Senate vacancy on 21 February until a special election at the October 1969 House of Representatives election, when he was elected to complete the term until 30 June 1971.
5. Father of the Senate
6. Country Party Senator Colin McKellar died on 13 April 1970; Country Party member Douglas Scott was appointed to fill the ensuing vacancy on 6 August but he was defeated for the seat at the November 1970 half Senate election by DLP candidate Jack Kane to complete the term until 30 June 1974.
7. Labor Senator James Ormonde died on 30 November 1970; Labor member Jim McClelland was appointed to fill the ensuing vacancy on 16 March to complete the term until 30 June 1971. McClelland had been elected to the Senate at the 1970 election for a term from 1 July 1971 to 30 June 1977
1. "The Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate 1968". Parliament of Australia. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
2. Evans, H. "Filling Casual Vacancies before 1977" (PDF). *The Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate, Volume 3*. Parliament of Australia. Retrieved 24 February 2017.


title: George Cary (priest)

abstract: Doctor George Cary (1611–1680), Professor of Sacred Theology, lord of the manor of Clovelly, Devon, was Dean of Exeter between 1663 and 1680. He was also Rector of Clovelly and of Shobrooke in Devon and Chaplain in Ordinary to King Charles II. He was one of the Worthies of Devon of John Prince.

text:
# George Cary (priest)

Doctor **George Cary** (1611–1680), Professor of Sacred Theology, lord of the manor of Clovelly, Devon, was Dean of Exeter between 1663 and 1680 (amongst other duties responsible for the maintenance and decoration of Exeter Cathedral). He was also Rector of Clovelly and of Shobrooke in Devon and Chaplain in Ordinary to King Charles II. He was one of the *Worthies of Devon* of John Prince (died 1723).

## Origins

He was the second son and eventual heir of William Cary (1576–1652), lord of the manor of Clovelly in Devon, Justice of the Peace for Devon and Member of Parliament for Mitchell, Cornwall, in 1604, by his second wife Dorothy Gorges (died 1622), eldest daughter of Sir Edward Gorges of Wraxall, Somerset by his wife Dorothy Speke. His mother's monument survives in the *Speke Chantry* in Exeter Cathedral.

## Career

He was educated at Exeter Grammar School and in 1628 entered The Queen's College, Oxford but later moved to Exeter College, Oxford, much frequented by Devonians. His first clerical appointment was by his father as Rector of Clovelly. Following the Restoration of the Monarchy in 1660, he was appointed Chaplain in Ordinary to King Charles II, after which he received the honour of a Doctorate in Divinity from Oxford University. At the bequest of the Lord Chamberlain he preached a Lent sermon before the king, for which was much thanked by the Archbishop of Canterbury. During most of his career he lived about 44 miles south-east of Clovelly, at Exeter, and at Shobrooke, near Crediton, 9 miles to the north-west of Exeter. Indeed it appears that until about 1702 Clovelly was occupied by his second cousins, the three brothers John Cary, George Cary (died 1702) and Anthony Cary (died 1694), sons of Robert Cary of Yeo Vale, Alwington, near Clovelly. He rebuilt the rectory house at Shobrooke, which he found in a dilapidated state and made it "a commodious and gentile dwelling". He also rebuilt the "ruinous,...filthy and loathsome" Dean's House in Exeter, which during the Civil War had been let to negligent tenants by the See of Exeter, and "in a short time so well repaired, so thoroughly cleansed and so richly furnished this house that it became a fit receptacle for princes". As the Emperor Augustus with the City of Rome, so did Dean Cary with the Dean's House in Exeter "found it ruines but he left it a palace", as Prince suggests. Indeed King Charles II stayed there on the night of 23 July 1670, having visited the newly built Citadel in Plymouth. It was also the chosen abode of Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle, Lord Lieutenant of Devon, for three weeks in 1675 and again during the Monmouth Rebellion. He was a liberal benefactor in assisting the Corporation of Exeter in the completion in 1699 of the cutting of a leat between Exeter Quay and Topsham, which fed into a pool which could shelter 100 ships.

He twice refused offers of the Bishopric of Exeter made by King Charles II, on vacancies arising in 1666 and 1676. The reason for his first refusal, or profession of *Nolo Episcopari*, is unknown, but he refused the second time due to age and infirmity which would prevent him attending Parliament as would be required.

In 1675 he succeeded to the paternal estates, including Clovelly, of his elder brother Sir Robert Cary (1610–1675), a Gentleman of the Privy Chamber to King Charles II who died unmarried and without children. He erected in his memory the surviving mural monument in Clovelly Church.

## Marriage and issue

He married Anne Hancock, a daughter of William Hancock (died 1625), lord of the manor of Combe Martin, Devon, by whom he had numerous children including:

* Sir George Cary (1654–1685), eldest son and heir. He was knighted by King Charles II during his father's lifetime and served as a Member of Parliament for Okehampton in 1681 and occupied the honourable position of Recorder of Okehampton, Devon. His mural monument survives in Clovelly Church. He married twice, but left no children.
* William Cary (c. 1661 – 1710), 2nd son, twice a Member of Parliament for Okehampton in Devon 1685-1687 and 1689-1695 and also for Launceston in Cornwall 1695-1710. His mural monument survives in Clovelly Church.
* Judith Cary, wife of Rev. Richard Hele of Hele in the parish of Cornwood in Devon, Rector of Helland in Cornwall, and mother of Richard Hele (1679-1709) of Flete House, Holbeton, Devon, MP for West Looe in Cornwall.

## Death

He died at Shobrooke on 2 February 1680, but was buried in Clovelly Church, where his mural monument survives, erected by his eldest son Sir George Cary (1654–1685), the armorials of the latter's two wives appearing on the top of the monument as follows: dexter: *Azure, a chevron between three mullets pierced or* (Davie of Canonteign, Christow); sinister: *Or, a lion reguardant sable langued gules* (Jenkyn of Cornwall). The Latin inscription is as follows:

*Georgius Cary S(acrae) T(heologiae) P(rofessor) Decanus B(eat)i Petri Exon(iensis), vir omnibus dignitatibus major quem ipsa latebra licet ei solum in deliciis non potuit abscondere. Nemo magis invitus cepit nemo magis adornavit cathedram ut lux e tenebris sic illustravit ecclesiam. In omnibus concionibus, hospitiis, conciliis antecelluit. Pectore, lingua calamo, praepotens. In justa causa nemini cedens; in injusta abhorrens lites. Fratribus in ecclesiae negotiis nunquam sese opposuit nisi rationibus et in his semper victor. Erga regem iniquissimis temporibus infractae fidelitatis: post reditum erat ei a sacris. Caelestem vero non aulicam petiit gratiam, quae tamen nolentem sequebatur, nam bis vocante Carolo Secundo, bis humillime respondit: Nolo Episcopari. Obiit die Purificationis B(eatae) Virginis A(nn)o Aet(atis) (suae) 72, A(nn)o Dom(ini) 1680*.

Which may be translated as:

"George Cary, Professor of Sacred Theology, Dean of the Blessed St Peter of Exeter, a man greater in all things worthy than concealment allowed to him, ((?)only in delights he was not able to conceal). No man more against his will took possession of, no man more beautified a cathedral; As light out of shadow, thus he lit up the Church. In all assemblies, guest-chambers and councils he distinguished himself. In his heart, tongue and pen, (he was) exceedingly mighty. In a just cause ceding to no man; in an unjust (cause) abhorring strife. In affairs of business he never opposed himself to his brothers in the Church, unless for (good) reasons, and in those always the victor. Thus in the most evil times he was of unbroken fidelity towards the king. Afterwards to him was given back ((?)by those things which are holy). Indeed he sought heavenly grace, not grace in the court of kings, which nevertheless against his wishes followed him, for at the two-fold call of Charles II twice he replied in the greatest humility: *"I am unwilling to wear the Bishop's Mitre"* (lit: "to be bishoped"). He died on the day of the Purification of the Blessed Virgin, in the year of his age 72,(sic) in the year of Our Lord 1680".

## Sources

* Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L., (Ed.) The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1531, 1564 & 1620, Exeter, 1895, pp. 150–9, pedigree of Cary
* Prince, John, (1643–1723) The Worthies of Devon, 1810 edition, London, pp. 187–191, *Cary, George, D.D.*
* Lauder, Rosemary, *Devon Families*, Tiverton, 2002, pp. 131–6, *Rous of Clovelly*
* Griggs, William, *A Guide to All Saints Church, Clovelly*, first published 1980, Revised Version 2010


title: Playa Grande, Costa Rica

abstract: Playa Grande, also known as Salinas, is a beach community on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica just north of Tamarindo. It is located inside the canton of Santa Cruz in Guanacaste Province. Playa Grande has been part of the Parque Nacional Marino Las Baulas since 1990. There are palm trees and vegetation around the beach, which stretches for about 4.5 kilometers. It is part of the Las Baulas National Marine Park, which was established to protect the nesting grounds of endangered leatherback turtles. Playa Grande is one of the major nesting sites for these turtles, and visitors can witness the nesting and hatching process during the nesting season, which typically occurs from October to March. The main attraction of Playa Grande is its surf breaks. The beach has consistent waves. Playa Grande is an ideal destination for nature lovers, with diverse ecosystems surrounding it. Beyond the beach, you can explore the nearby mangrove forests, take boat tours along the estuaries, or venture into the neighboring national parks, such as Rincon de la Vieja or Santa Rosa, which offer hiking trails, wildlife spotting opportunities, and breathtaking landscapes.

text:
# Playa Grande, Costa Rica

**Playa Grande** (Spanish pronunciation: \[ˈplaʝa ˈɣɾande\], lit. "Big Beach"), also known as **Salinas**, is a beach community on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica just north of Tamarindo. It is located inside the canton of Santa Cruz in Guanacaste Province. Playa Grande has been part of the Parque Nacional Marino Las Baulas (Las Baulas Marine National Park) since 1990. There are palm trees and vegetation around the beach, which stretches for about 4.5 kilometers (2.8 miles). It is part of the Las Baulas National Marine Park, which was established to protect the nesting grounds of endangered leatherback turtles. Playa Grande is one of the major nesting sites for these turtles, and visitors can witness the nesting and hatching process during the nesting season, which typically occurs from October to March. The main attraction of Playa Grande is its surf breaks. The beach has consistent waves. Playa Grande is an ideal destination for nature lovers, with diverse ecosystems surrounding it. Beyond the beach, you can explore the nearby mangrove forests, take boat tours along the estuaries, or venture into the neighboring national parks, such as Rincon de la Vieja or Santa Rosa, which offer hiking trails, wildlife spotting opportunities, and breathtaking landscapes.

## Geography and Location

Playa Grande is located approximately 63 km (39 mi) south of Liberia International Airport and is situated within the Las Baulas National Marine Park, which is dedicated to protecting the nesting grounds of endangered leatherback turtles.

The town is bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west and is situated between the towns of Tamarindo to the south and Playa Ventanas to the north.

## Tourism and Activities

Playa Grande offers a variety of activities for tourists, including surfing, wildlife observation, snorkeling, scuba diving, sport fishing, and horseback riding along the beach. There are several accommodation options available, including hotels, vacation rentals, and eco-lodges.

## Las Baulas Marine National Park

Las Baulas is Costa Rica's nesting site for the leatherback sea turtle and was created to protect their declining population. The park is home to 117 tree and shrub species and 139 bird species.

## Beach

Playa Grande beach is known for its sandy bottom and waves. There are several surf breaks from the shore that make the location popular for swimming and surfing.

## In International Pop Culture

Playa Grande is featured on a postcard in S4 E18 of "The Office" (U.S.). The episode features Toby's going-away party before he moves to Playa Grande, where he appears various times for the remainder of season 4.

## InfoBox

| Playa Grande Salinas | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Playa GrandeLocation in Costa Rica | |
| Coordinates: 10°20′20″N 85°50′45″W / 10.33889°N 85.84583°W / 10.33889; -85.84583 | |
| Country | Costa Rica |
| Province | Guanacaste |
| Canton | Santa Cruz (canton), Costa Rica |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Costa Rica Standard Time) |


title: Mary Ann Delafield DuBois

abstract: Mary Ann Delafield DuBois was an American sculptor and philanthropist. In 1854 she was co-founder of New York Nursery and Child's Hospital, and was the hospital's director.

text:
# Mary Ann Delafield DuBois

**Mary Ann Delafield DuBois** (November 6, 1813 — October 27, 1888) was an American sculptor and philanthropist. In 1854 she was co-founder of New York Nursery and Child's Hospital, and was the hospital's director.

## Early life

Mary Ann Delafield was born in London on November 6, 1813. She was the daughter of an English mother, Mary (née Roberts) Delafield, and American father, John Delafield (1786–1853), a banker who was in England during the War of 1812. After her mother died in 1819, Mary Ann moved to New York City, where her father remarried to Harriet Wadsworth Tallmadge (1797–1856), a daughter of U.S. Representative Benjamin Tallmadge. Among her younger half-siblings were Tallmadge Delafield and Mary Floyd Delafield.

Among her extended family were uncles Dr. Edward Delafield, Civil War Gen. Richard Delafield, lawyer Joseph Delafield, and banker Rufus King Delafield. Her first cousin was Dr. Francis Delafield, who was the father of Edward Henry Delafield, a Connecticut politician.

She attended the Litchfield Female Academy in 1825.

## Career

During the Panic of 1837, DuBois persuaded her father-in-law to open an empty warehouse to accommodate men left homeless by the economic downturn. In 1854 she and a doctor's wife, Anna R. Emmet, founded the Nursery and Child's Hospital, which focused on the needs of poor women and their small children. The hospital fostered foundlings, offered daycare and wet nurses for the babies of working women, and was the first hospital in New York City to admit infants under two years of age. DuBois and Emmet ran the hospital with personal funds and energetic fundraising among her friends and in the wider community, including charity balls, until she successfully lobbied the New York state legislature for support. Her uncle, Edward Delafield, was the first president of the hospital's medical board, and a consulting physician there. She was an active hospital director; in 1870, DuBois fired pediatrician Abraham Jacobi from the hospital, when he published a letter critical of the hospital's policies. DuBois's hospital eventually merged with larger medical programs, and is now considered part of the New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center.

Despite the demands of her philanthropic efforts, a large household, and health issues (or perhaps because of her otherwise demanding life), DuBois pursued sculpture as a serious amateur. She was a member of the Brooklyn Art Association. She made miniature cameos, sometimes taught art classes, and was elected to the National Academy of Design. She was a friend of sculptor Edward Augustus Brackett.

## Personal life

In 1832, Mary Ann Delafield was married to Cornelius DuBois (1810-1882), a lawyer and tobacco merchant. Together, they had ten children, born between 1833 and 1852; four of whom died in infancy.

Her husband died in 1882, and Mary Ann died roughly six years later in 1888, aged 75 years, of complications related to diabetes. She is interred at the New York Marble Cemetery.

### Descendants

Mary Ann was a grandmother of physiologist Eugene Floyd DuBois (1882–1959). Another grandson, Delafield Dubois, was the wife of author Theodora McCormick Du Bois.

## InfoBox

| Mary Ann Delafield DuBois | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Mary Ann Delafield
(1813-11-06)November 6, 1813
London, England |
| Died | October 27, 1888(1888-10-27) (aged 74) |
| Education | Litchfield Female Academy |
| Spouse | Cornelius DuBois
(m. 1832; died 1882) |
| Children | 10 |
| Relatives | Eugene Floyd DuBois (grandson) |


title: Nana (given name)

abstract:
Nana Fujimoto Nana is a given name that has different origins in several countries across the world. Its use as a feminine or masculine name varies culturally. It is feminine in Japan, Georgia, Serbia and Greece, it is masculine in Ethiopia and India, and epicene in Ghana and Indonesia. In Georgia, Nana is the fifth most popular given name for girls. In Ghana, among the Akan people, particularly the Akyem, Ashanti and Akuapim peoples, Nana is used as the title of a monarch to signify their status. Furthermore, the stool names of kings and queens are always preceded by Nana. Non-royal Ghanaian people also use Nana as a given name. In some cases, they may adopt the name Nana, if they have been named after a monarch. In Ghana, one can respectfully refer to a King or Queen as Nana without mentioning their full name; much like using "Your Highness".
In India, nana means father in Telugu language and grandpa in Hindi and Urdu language from the mother's side.

text:
# Nana (given name)

**Nana** is a given name that has different origins in several countries across the world. Its use as a feminine or masculine name varies culturally. It is feminine in Japan, Georgia, Serbia and Greece, it is masculine in Ethiopia and India, and epicene (unisex/gender neutral) in Ghana and Indonesia. In Georgia, Nana is the fifth most popular given name for girls. In Ghana, among the Akan people, particularly the Akyem, Ashanti and Akuapim peoples, Nana is used as the title of a monarch to signify their status. Furthermore, the stool names of kings and queens are always preceded by Nana. Non-royal Ghanaian people also use Nana as a given name. In some cases, they may adopt the name Nana, if they have been named after a monarch. In Ghana, one can respectfully refer to a King or Queen as Nana without mentioning their full name; much like using "Your Highness". In India, nana means father in Telugu language and grandpa in Hindi and Urdu language from the mother's side.

## People

### Acting

### Art

### Music

### Politics

### Religion

### Sports

### Other

## Fictional characters

## InfoBox

Nana
| Pronunciation | /ˈnɑːnə/, /ˈnana/, /naˈna/ |
| --- | --- |
| Gender | varies |
| Origin | |
| Meaning | varies |
| Region of origin | Cyprus, Ethiopia, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, India, Japan |
| Other names | |
| Related names | Mana
Hana
Lana |


title: Orlando Rossardi

abstract: Orlando Rossardi is a Cuban poet, playwright and a researcher in Latin American literature.

text:
# Orlando Rossardi

**Orlando Rossardi** (born September 5, 1938) is a Cuban poet, playwright and a researcher in Latin American literature.

## Biography

Orlando Rossardi (pseudonym of Orlando Rodríguez Sardiñas) was born in Havana, Cuba in 1938. He left the island in 1960, and has since been living in Spain and in the United States.

Orlando Rodríguez Sardiñas obtained a Ph.D. at the University of Texas, Austin, and taught at the University of New Hampshire, Wisconsin and Miami Dade College in Florida.

He began working in 1984 for Radio Martí in Washington, D.C, and later at their office in Miami, FL, as programming coordinator and subsequently deputy director, dedicating twenty years of his life to the broadcasting services of the United States Government.

Orlando Rossardi published primarily poetry and his collections include *El Diámetro y lo Estero* (1964), *Que voy de vuelo* (1970), *Los espacios llenos* (1991), *Memoria de mí* (1996), *Los pies en la tierra* (2006), *Libro de las pérdidas* (2008), *Casi la voz* (2009), *Canto en la Florida* (2010), *Fundación del centro* (2011) y *Totalidad* (2012).

His anthology, *La última poesía cubana* (1973), is considered by critics the first major work bringing together the Cuban poets both from the island and from exile.

His other works include six volumes of Historia de la Literatura Hispanoamericana Contemporánea (1976) the three volumes on Teatro Selecto Hispanoamericano Contemporáneo (1971), as well as an essay on the Colombian avant garde poet León de Greiff: una poética de vanguardia (1974).

Rossardi is a member of the North American Academy of the Spanish Language (*Academia Norteamericana de la Lengua Española*) and Correspondent of the Royal Academy of the Spanish Language in Madrid, Spain. His research contributions can be found in encyclopedias, dictionaries, and literary magazines in Spain and Latin America as well as in the United States.

## Works

**Poetry**

* Obra Selecta (Valencia, 2019)
* Tras los rostros (Valencia, 2017)
* Palabra afuera (Valencia, 2015)
* Totalidad (Valencia, 2012)
* Fundación del centro (Valencia, 2011)
* Canto en la Florida (Valencia, 2010)
* Casi la voz (Valencia, 2009)
* Libro de las pérdidas (Valencia, 2008)
* Los pies en la tierra (Madrid, 2006)
* Memoria de mí (Madrid, 1996)
* Los espacios llenos (Madrid, 1991)
* La última poesía cubana (Madrid, 1973)
* Que voy de vuelo (Madrid, 1970)
* El diametro y lo estero (Madrid, 1964)

**Theater**

* La visita (Virginia, 1997)
* Teatro Selecto Hispanoamericano Contemporáneo, 3 volumes,(Madrid, 1973)

**Essays**

* Gabriela Mistral y los Estados Unidos (New York, 2011)
* Historia de la literatura hispanoamericano, 6 volumes, (Madrid, 1976)
* León de Greiff: una poética de vanguardia (Madrid, 1973)

**Cuadernos monográficos**

* Dossier Orlando Rossardi (La Gota de Agua, Philadelphia, 2018)

## Further reading

* *"Identidad y estética de pertenencia en la poesía de Orlando Rossardi"* by Joaquín Badajoz (en Totalidad: 13-26)
* *Ensayos literarios: "El lirismo vital de Orlando Rossardi en Los pies en la tierra"* by Yara González Montes (Plaza Editorial, 2014, Tomo I, EE.UU.: 164-176)
* *Analogía de la prosa poética de Joaquín Badajoz en la poesía de Orlando Rossardi* by Martha Salazar Quintero (XXXIV Congreso Cultural de Verano del Círculo de Cultura Panamericano, Miami, 25 a 27 de julio, 2014)
* *Retórica del deseo inextinguible y de la combustión certera en Los pies en la tierra de Orlando Rossardi* by Jorge Chen Sham (Primer Congreso de la Academia Norteamericana de la Lengua Española, Washington, D.C. Library of Congress, 6 a 8 de junio, 2014)
* *Releyendo a Rossardi* by Medeline Cámara (Especial / El Nuevo Herald. Artes y Letras, 4 D, Miami, Domingo 24 de febrero, 2013)
* *La conciencia del arte poetizador en Orlando Rossardi* by Rodolfo de Gracia Reynaldo (Revista Lotería, 2013, Panamá, Mayo-Junio, pp 88–96)
* *“Patria y exilio en la poesia de Orlando Rossardi”* by Joaquín Gálvez, (Hypermedia, magazine, September 30, 2020)

## InfoBox

| Orlando Rossardi | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1938-09-05)September 5, 1938<br>Havana, Cuba |
| Occupation | Poet, playwright, researcher |


title: Navasota Independent School District

abstract: Navasota Independent School District is a public school district based in Navasota, Texas (USA) that enrolls approximately 3,000 students. The district encompasses 362.35 square miles (938.5 km⁲), in southern Grimes and Brazos counties. In Grimes County it includes the City of Navasota along with Pinebrook, Plantersville and Todd Mission. In Brazos County it includes Millican. It also includes the rural communities of Courtney, White Hall, and Stoneham. Navasota ISD ranks as the 181st largest land encompassing district of the 1,033 Texas independent school districts. In 2017, the school district and all campuses were rated "met standard" by the Texas Education Agency.

text:
# Navasota Independent School District

**Navasota Independent School District** is a public school district based in Navasota, Texas (USA) that enrolls approximately 3,000 students.

The district encompasses 362.35 square miles (938.5 km2), in southern Grimes and Brazos counties. In Grimes County it includes the City of Navasota along with Pinebrook, Plantersville and Todd Mission. In Brazos County it includes Millican. It also includes the rural communities of Courtney, White Hall, and Stoneham.

Navasota ISD ranks as the 181st largest land encompassing district of the 1,033 Texas independent school districts.

In 2017, the school district and all campuses were rated "met standard" by the Texas Education Agency.

## Schools

* Navasota High School (Grades 9-12)
* Navasota Junior High School (Grades 6-8)
* Brule Elementary School (Grades PK-5)
* John C. Webb Elementary School (Grades PK-5)
* High Point Elementary School (Grades PK-5) - Stoneham
* W. B. Bizzell Academy (Academic Alternative Campus Grades 9-12)

## History

The first Navasota School Board meeting of record was held in May, 1899.

The first Navasota school building, the Atcheson School, was located on Washington Avenue across from the present day medical center; the only remaining remnants of this building are the entrance steps.

In 1928, a school building was constructed at LaSalle Street and Spur 515, for the purpose of educating African-American students within the Navasota area. This campus is at the current location of the Carver Learning Center, and was transferred to the Carver Alumni Association in 2007.

In May 1930, a new High School was completed; the building presently serves as the district’s administrative offices. The school included an indoor gymnasium (current location of the Superintendent's office and District Board Room), a balcony area allowed viewing of games from the second story.

In 1934, a new gym and a football stadium were completed, at Navasota High School, with the aid of the Works Progress Administration. The stadium was named Brule Field in honor of its architect, R.J. Brule, and was used through the end of the 2006 football season.

During the 1934-1935 school year the Navasota school colors were changed from orange and black to blue and white.

1940 the LaSalle Street campus was named George Washington Carver School.

At the beginning of the 1941 school year, three small common school districts (CSD) that served elementary level students in Piedmont, Harmony and Yarboro, each with less than 150 students, incorporated within the Navasota municipal school system.

In October 1947, Navasota became an independent school district (ISD) by divorcement election from the city. By June 1948 construction of a new elementary began, at the site of the current intermediate school, following completion the Atcheson school building was demolished. At the same time Stewart Field (current location of the NISD Bus Barn) and a gymnasium was constructed for the Carver High School athletic programs.

The first Navasota Jr. High School Fang football game was played during the 1950 football season.

In 1951, Courtney-Lynn Grove-White Hall (CLW) CSD, Stoneham CSD (including High Point and Grimes Prairie School), Victory CSD and Plantersville ISD (including Todd Mission School) were either annexed or consolidated within Navasota ISD. By June of the same year, contracts were awarded to begin construction of the district's auditorium on Brosig Avenue, and an addition to the elementary school (current location of a covered walkway between Brule Field and the back entrance of the intermediate school).

In April 1953 the Allenfarm-Millican-Terrell (AMT) Common School District of Brazos County was annexed within Navasota ISD. This annexation added approximately 77 square miles (200 km2) of Brazos County into the school district.

Navasota Carver High School's Wildcats won the state basketball championship in 1958, defeating Amarillo Carver 66-58.

By 1964 a Freedom of Choice plan for Navasota ISD was put into effect, with the goal of ending racially segregated schools. The first day of the 1964-1965 school year, grades 1-3 were included in this plan. The next year grades 4-6 would fall under the plan. The 1966-1967 school year saw grades 7-9 integrated and finally grades 10-12 were added in 1967-1968.

In the 1968-1969 school year, segregation ended within Navasota ISD, upon the completion of the integration of Carver High School within Navasota High School; this school year also witnessed the opening of Navasota Elementary School on Neal Street for kindergarten to 5th grade. Grades 7th and 8th were housed at the Carver campus until completion of the new Navasota High School in the mid-1970s.

January 1976 students literally "picked up-their desk" and moved from the antiquated "two-story" building near downtown to the new Navasota High School. Grades 7 and 8 were moved to the former High School two-story campus, and Carver then served the district as a community center (adult education, health offices). Grades 4, 5 and 6th attended classes at the Intermediate School on Brosig Avenue.

In 1978 an agreement was reached between Navasota ISD and Montgomery Independent School District regarding a new 544-acre (2.20 km2) housing development at the far east-end of the district, situated across Grimes County and Montgomery County. Students in Grimes County portion of "Rolling Oaks" subdivision would be bused across district lines into Montgomery County and then to Navasota for classes. The agreement provided for students in the entire subdivision to attend Montgomery schools, however, property owners would continue to pay school taxes to NISD, but the state would reimburse Montgomery ISD through the State's Average Daily Attendance count.

1984 The "new gym" opened at Navasota Jr. High.

John C. Webb Middle School opened in the mid-1980s and accepted grades 3, 4 and 5, relieving overcrowding at the junior high and elementary school. Parents from Plantersville and Todd Mission petitioned NISD administration for an elementary school in the area east of Navasota, an argument that faded as the decade closed. The 7th and 8th grade moved from the two-story building to the former intermediate school, and the Brosig Street campus was renamed Navasota Jr. High School. The two-story building was vacated, except for the NJH library and music room, and renovation began on the interior.

The 1987 school year opened with 5th graders being moved from John C. Webb Middle School to the two-story building. 2nd Grade was moved from Navasota Elementary to the middle school.

In the Fall 1988 the Navasota football team played in the State 3A Championship, losing to Southlake Carroll High School; the following school year, in Spring 1990, the Navasota Rattler boys basketball team won 35 games, without any losses, eventually winning the Class 3A State Championship. Members of the state championship team included: Shaun Frazier, Mackely Wells, William Robinson, Spencer Taylor, Kevin Baker, Donald Wesley, Steve Bouldin, Ronnie Jackson, Kevin Jefferson, Marlon Jefferson, Tommy Lewis, Derrick Thomas, Coach Mike Dacus, and Assistant Coaches Ken Brannan and Mike Allen. Coach Mike Dacus at the time served, during both championship games, as the district's Athletic Director, Head Football and Basketball Coach.

A 1994 bond election paved the way for construction of a new agricultural department, lights at the baseball field, and a new Navasota Jr. High School.

1994 The term "intermediate school" returned to Navasota ISD, when the two-story building restored the title, Mr. James Simpson served as principal of 5th and 6th grade.

In 1995-1996 school year Durham Transportation, a private company, took over transportation services, cooperating with Brenham and Madisonville ISD's for the district's transportation requirements. Also, Navasota Elementary was renamed Navasota Primary and John C. Webb Middle School opened the new school year, under a new name John C. Webb Elementary School.

Also, the Carver Learning Center was officially designated as the district's Alternative School.

The baseball field's lights were activated for the first time in Spring of 1995. Notably the first baseball game scheduled for "night-time" was called off due to a lightning strike to the new lights.

The 1995 school year opened with a new agricultural department in Navasota High School, the old ag department was converted to a math wing.

1996 The new Navasota Jr. High opened, next to the high school for grades 6-8. The wings of the former junior high on Brosig Avenue were demolished.

1997 Navasota Intermediate opened on Brosig Avenue for grades 4 and 5, and the two-story building was converted to the district's new administrative offices.

A new library was finished at the high school in 2002.

In December 2004 a school bond passed, that resulted in reconfiguring Navasota schools for the future.

In June 2006, the Montgomery Independent School District notified residents in "Rolling Oaks" subdivision that students in Grimes County could no longer attend Montgomery schools, ending the 1978 agreement between the two school districts.

In August 2006, Navasota Primary School completed a renovation and rebuild, merging with the adjacent John C. Webb Elementary School. The renovated facility on Neal Street was named John C. Webb Elementary and greatly enhances the district's elementary level capabilities by including a new physical education gym and cafeteria, along with approximately double the square footage. Students from Webb Elementary follow in 4th and 5th grades at the modern Navasota Intermediate School.

Also for the 2006-2007 school year, High Point Elementary School opened in Stoneham to serve elementary age students in pre-kindergarten to 5th grade that reside in the eastern portion of the district.

June 2007 the school boards of both Navasota and Montgomery schools denied a petition by residents of "Rolling Oaks" subdivision to detach and annex a portion of NISD to MISD. The MISD Board of Trustees, however, voted to allow students who enrolled at Montgomery schools under the 1978 agreement to "attend MISD schools until they complete their requirements for high school graduation". Potentially this clause would allow a "Rolling Oaks" student who entered Kindergarten at MISD in the 2006-2007 school year, under the 1978 agreement, to complete their school career at Montgomery High School in 2019.

At the start of the 2007 school year, Carver Learning Center will be moved to the new "Navasota Education Learning Center". The new learning center will utilize a former elementary school building adjacent to John C. Webb Elementary. A new football field, modernized cafeteria, band hall, athletic fieldhouse and competition gym opened at the Navasota High School/Jr. High School campus.

In 2009, the Navasota High School Band earned the first Sweepstakes Award in school history.

Starting in the 2015-2016 school year, Navasota Intermediate was renamed Brule Elementary, and each of the three elementary schools serves pre-kindergarten thru 5th grade. Elementary students west of LaSalle Avenue in Grimes County attend Brule Elementary, those in Brazos County and east of LaSalle Avenue out to the eastern portions of the district attend Webb Elementary and finally elementary students in the eastern part are zoned to High Point Elementary.

In November 2017 Navasota ISD passed a $61 million dollar bond to make classroom and facility upgrades at Navasota High School, Navasota Jr. High, Brule Elementary, High Point Elementary, John C. Webb Elementary, the Navasota Educational Learning Center (NELC) that houses W.B. Bizzell Academy, DAEP, Head Start, and the Lil' Rattler Academy Daycare. Upgrades were also included for Brosig Auditorium, the Rock Gym, and Ag Farm.

| School Year | Enrollment | Source |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1965-1966 | 2,356 |  |
| 1986-1987 | 2,693 |  |
| 1988-1989 | 2,810 |  |
| 1989-1990 | 2,882 |  |
| 1990-1991 | 2,868 |  |
| 1991-1992 | 2,883 |  |
| 1992-1993 | 2,941 |  |
| 1993-1994 | 2,985 |  |
| 1994-1995 | 3,036 |  |
| 1995-1996 | 3,036 |  |
| 1996-1997 | 3,074 |  |
| 1997-1998 | 3,151 |  |
| 1998-1999 | 3,183 |  |
| 1999-2000 | 3,176 |  |
| 2000-2001 | 3,138 |  |
| 2001-2002 | 3,052 |  |
| 2002-2003 | 3,024 |  |
| 2003-2004 | 3,003 |  |
| 2004-2005 | 2,926 |  |
| 2005-2006 | 2,921 |  |
| 2006-2007 | 2,977 |  |
| 2007-2008 | 2,969 |  |
| 2008-2009 | 2,958 |  |
| 2009-2010 | 2,951 |  |
| 2010-2011 | 2,939 |  |

## Mascot and School Colors

The mascot of Navasota High School is the Rattlers, and is characterized by a student (typically male) in a rattlesnake costume. The character is named "Venom" but can also be known as "Diamond" if the costume is worn by a female NHS student. "Venom's costume uniquely has legs and feet. He actually looks like a lizard, or as students imply, a "gecko."

Navasota Jr. High uses "Fangs" as the school mascot.

Sidewinders represent High Point Elementary as the school's official mascot and “Boas” represent Brule Elementary as the official mascot.

In Spring 2011, John C. Webb Elementary adopted "Vipers" as the campus mascot.

Blue and White is the set of school colors.


title: Pittosporum viridulum

abstract: Pittosporum viridulum is a critically endangered species of plant in the family Pittosporaceae. It is endemic to the Nilgiris in Tamil Nadu, India.

text:
# Pittosporum viridulum

***Pittosporum viridulum*** is a critically endangered species of plant in the family Pittosporaceae. It is endemic to the Nilgiris in Tamil Nadu, India.

## InfoBox

| *Pittosporum viridulum* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Critically Endangered  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Apiales |
| Family: | Pittosporaceae |
| Genus: | *Pittosporum* |
| Species: | ***P. viridulum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pittosporum viridulum***
M.P.Nayar, G.S.Giri & V.Chandras. | |
|


abstract: This is a list of members of the Australian Senate from 1974 to 1975. The 18 May 1974 election was a double dissolution of both Houses, with all 127 seats in the House of Representatives, and all 60 seats in the Senate up for election. The incumbent Labor Party led by Prime Minister Gough Whitlam defeated the opposition Liberal Party led by Billy Snedden and their Coalition partner the Country Party led by Doug Anthony. In accordance with section 13 of the Constitution, following a double dissolution of Parliament, the terms for senators commence on 1 July preceding the election – i.e., on 1 July 1973. The first five senators elected in each state were allocated the full six-year terms ending on 30 June 1979 while the other half were allocated three-year terms ending on 30 June 1976. However, in fact, the Senate was dissolved on 11 November 1975 for another double dissolution election on 13 December 1975. The process for filling casual vacancies was complex. While senators were elected for a six-year term, people appointed to a casual vacancy only held office until the earlier of the next election for the House of Representatives or the Senate. It was an established convention that the state parliament choose a replacement from the same political party as their predecessor, however this convention was not always followed. There were two appointments to casual vacancies in this term however neither followed the convention with Labor Senator Lionel Murphy being replaced by Independent Cleaver Bunton and Labor Senator Bertie Milliner being replaced by Albert Field who was expelled as a member of the Labor party for accepting the appointment instead of Labor nomination Mal Colston. At the May 1974 election, Labor won 29 seats, the Coalition won 29 seats and the balance of power was shared by Liberal Movement Senator Steele Hall and Independent Michael Townley. The President of the Senate votes and if the votes are equal, the motion is defeated. Thus the Labor government needed the support of both cross-bench senators to pass any legislation. The Coalition was increased to 30 seats when Townley joined the Liberal party in February 1975 and thus could effectively block any government legislation or motions, but could not pass any motion on their own. Labor was reduced to 27 seats by the replacement of 2 Labor senators with independents. Field was sworn in on 9 September 1975, however he was given leave from 1 October, not to attend the Senate pending a High Court challenge to his eligibility. As a result, the Coalition had a majority in the Senate and as well as blocking supply, could also pass a motion to defer Supply until an election was called. Thus the casual appointments process contributed to the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis. The controversial appointments of Senators Bunton and Field prompted the 1977 referendum to amend the Constitution to require a replacement senator to be a member of the same political party.

text:
# Members of the Australian Senate, 1974–1975

> **Senate composition at 9 July 1974**
> **Government (29)**
> Labor (29) - (2 seat minority)
> **Opposition (29)**
> Coalition
> Liberal (24)
> Country Party (6)
> **Crossbench (2)**
> Liberal Movement (1)
> Independent (1)
> Changes in composition

This is a list of **members of the Australian Senate** from 1974 to 1975. The 18 May 1974 election was a double dissolution of both Houses, with all 127 seats in the House of Representatives, and all 60 seats in the Senate up for election. The incumbent Labor Party led by Prime Minister Gough Whitlam defeated the opposition Liberal Party led by Billy Snedden and their Coalition partner the Country Party led by Doug Anthony.

In accordance with section 13 of the Constitution, following a double dissolution of Parliament, the terms for senators commence on 1 July preceding the election – i.e., on 1 July 1973. The first five senators elected in each state were allocated the full six-year terms ending on 30 June 1979 while the other half were allocated three-year terms ending on 30 June 1976. However, in fact, the Senate was dissolved on 11 November 1975 for another double dissolution election on 13 December 1975.

The process for filling casual vacancies was complex. While senators were elected for a six-year term, people appointed to a casual vacancy only held office until the earlier of the next election for the House of Representatives or the Senate. It was an established convention that the state parliament choose (or the governor appoint) a replacement from the same political party as their predecessor, however this convention was not always followed. There were two appointments to casual vacancies in this term however neither followed the convention with Labor Senator Lionel Murphy being replaced by Independent Cleaver Bunton and Labor Senator Bertie Milliner being replaced by Albert Field who was expelled as a member of the Labor party for accepting the appointment instead of Labor nomination Mal Colston.

At the May 1974 election, Labor won 29 seats, the Coalition won 29 seats and the balance of power was shared by Liberal Movement Senator Steele Hall and Independent Michael Townley. The President of the Senate votes and if the votes are equal, the motion is defeated. Thus the Labor government needed the support of both cross-bench senators to pass any legislation. The Coalition was increased to 30 seats when Townley joined the Liberal party in February 1975 and thus could effectively block any government legislation or motions, but could not pass any motion on their own. Labor was reduced to 27 seats by the replacement of 2 Labor senators with independents. Field was sworn in on 9 September 1975, however he was given leave from 1 October, not to attend the Senate pending a High Court challenge to his eligibility. As a result, the Coalition had a majority in the Senate and as well as blocking supply, could also pass a motion to defer Supply until an election was called. Thus the casual appointments process contributed to the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis.

The controversial appointments of Senators Bunton and Field prompted the 1977 referendum to amend the Constitution to require a replacement senator to be a member of the same political party.

| Senator | Party | | State | Term ending | Years in office |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sir Ken Anderson |  | Liberal | New South Wales | 1976 | 1953–1975 |
| Peter Baume |  | Liberal | New South Wales | 1976 | 1974–1991 |
| Eric Bessell |  | Liberal | Tasmania | 1976 | 1974–1975 |
| Reg Bishop |  | Labor | South Australia | 1979 | 1961–1981 |
| Neville Bonner |  | Liberal | Queensland | 1979 | 1971–1983 |
| Bill Brown |  | Labor | Victoria | 1979 | 1969–1970, 1971–1978 |
| Cleaver Bunton |  | Independent | New South Wales | 1975 | 1975 |
| John Button |  | Labor | Victoria | 1979 | 1974–1993 |
| Don Cameron |  | Labor | South Australia | 1976 | 1969–1978 |
| John Carrick |  | Liberal | New South Wales | 1979 | 1970–1987 |
| Jim Cavanagh |  | Labor | South Australia | 1979 | 1961–1981 |
| Fred Chaney |  | Liberal | Western Australia | 1976 | 1974–1990 |
| Ruth Coleman |  | Labor | Western Australia | 1976 | 1974–1987 |
| Sir Magnus Cormack |  | Liberal | Victoria | 1979 | 1951–1953, 1962–1978 |
| Bob Cotton |  | Liberal | New South Wales | 1979 | 1965–1978 |
| Gordon Davidson |  | Liberal | South Australia | 1976 | 1961, 1962, 1965–1981 |
| Don Devitt |  | Labor | Tasmania | 1979 | 1965–1978 |
| Tom Drake-Brockman |  | Country | Western Australia | 1979 | 1958, 1959–1978 |
| Arnold Drury |  | Labor | South Australia | 1976 | 1959–1975 |
| Peter Durack |  | Liberal | Western Australia | 1976 | 1970–1993 |
| Merv Everett |  | Labor | Tasmania | 1976 | 1974–1975 |
| Albert Field |  | Independent | Queensland | 1975 | 1975 |
| George Georges |  | Labor | Queensland | 1979 | 1967–1987 |
| Arthur Gietzelt |  | Labor | New South Wales | 1976 | 1970–1989 |
| Ivor Greenwood |  | Liberal | Victoria | 1979 | 1968–1976 |
| Don Grimes |  | Labor | Tasmania | 1976 | 1974–1987 |
| Margaret Guilfoyle |  | Liberal | Victoria | 1976 | 1970–1987 |
| Steele Hall |  | Liberal Movement | South Australia | 1979 | 1974–1977 |
| Don Jessop |  | Liberal | South Australia | 1976 | 1970–1991 |
| Jim Keeffe |  | Labor | Queensland | 1976 | 1964–1983 |
| Sir Condor Laucke |  | Liberal | South Australia | 1979 | 1967–1981 |
| Ellis Lawrie |  | Liberal | Queensland | 1976 | 1965–1975 |
| John Marriott |  | Liberal | Tasmania | 1976 | 1953–1975 |
| Kathy Martin |  | Liberal | Queensland | 1976 | 1974–1984 |
| Ron Maunsell |  | Country | Queensland | 1979 | 1967–1981 |
| Ron McAuliffe |  | Labor | Queensland | 1976 | 1970–1981 |
| Doug McClelland |  | Labor | New South Wales | 1979 | 1961–1987 |
| Jim McClelland |  | Labor | New South Wales | 1976 | 1970–1978 |
| Gordon McIntosh |  | Labor | Western Australia | 1976 | 1974–1987 |
| Geoff McLaren |  | Labor | South Australia | 1976 | 1970–1983 |
| Jean Melzer |  | Labor | Victoria | 1976 | 1974–1981 |
| Bertie Milliner |  | Labor | Queensland | 1979 | 1968–1975 |
| Alan Missen |  | Liberal | Victoria | 1976 | 1974–1986 |
| Tony Mulvihill |  | Labor | New South Wales | 1979 | 1964–1983 |
| Lionel Murphy |  | Labor | New South Wales | 1979 | 1962–1975 |
| Justin O'Byrne |  | Labor | Tasmania | 1979 | 1947–1981 |
| George Poyser |  | Labor | Victoria | 1976 | 1966–1975 |
| Cyril Primmer |  | Labor | Victoria | 1979 | 1971–1985 |
| Peter Rae |  | Liberal | Tasmania | 1979 | 1967–1986 |
| Douglas Scott |  | Country | New South Wales | 1976 | 1970, 1974–1985 |
| Glen Sheil |  | Country | Queensland | 1976 | 1974–1981 |
| Peter Sim |  | Liberal | Western Australia | 1979 | 1964–1981 |
| Michael Townley |  | Independent/Liberal | Tasmania | 1976 | 1970–1987 |
| Peter Walsh |  | Labor | Western Australia | 1976 | 1974–1993 |
| James Webster |  | Country | Victoria | 1976 | 1964–1981 |
| John Wheeldon |  | Labor | Western Australia | 1979 | 1964–1981 |
| Don Willesee |  | Labor | Western Australia | 1979 | 1950–1975 |
| Reg Withers |  | Liberal | Western Australia | 1979 | 1966, 1967–1987 |
| Ian Wood |  | Liberal | Queensland | 1979 | 1950–1978 |
| Ken Wriedt |  | Labor | Tasmania | 1979 | 1964–1980 |
| Reg Wright |  | Liberal | Tasmania | 1979 | 1950–1978 |
| Harold Young |  | Liberal | South Australia | 1979 | 1968–1981 |

1. In 1975 the Australian Country Party changed its name to the National Country Party.
2. Labor Senator Lionel Murphy resigned on 9 February 1975 to be appointed to the High Court of Australia; Independent Cleaver Bunton was appointed to fill the ensuing vacancy on 27 February until the double dissolution election on 13 December 1975.
3. Appointed to a casual vacancy and only held office until the earlier of the next election for the House of Representatives or the Senate.
4. Tom Drake-Brockman stood as member of the National Alliance (Australia), a merger between the WA Country Party and WA Democratic Labor Party. Drake-Brockman was the only alliance candidate to win a seat at the May 1974 election and he subsequently sat as a member of the Country Party
5. Labor Senator Bertie Milliner died on 30 June 1975; independent Albert Field was appointed to fill the ensuing vacancy on 3 September until the double dissolution election on 13 December 1975.
6. Father of the Senate
7. Michael Townley joined the Liberal Party in February 1975.
1. "The Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate 1975". Parliament of Australia. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
2. Lionel Murphy (17 July 1974). "Rotation of Senators". *Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)*. Commonwealth of Australia: Senate.
3. Evans, H. "Filling Casual Vacancies before 1977" (PDF). *The Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate, Volume 3*. Parliament of Australia. Retrieved 24 February 2017.
4. *Constitution* (Cth) s 23 Voting in the Senate.
5. A Senator can only be absent for 2 months with the permission of the Senate: *Constitution* (Cth) s 20 Vacancy by absence.
6. Wanna, John. "Field, Albert Patrick (Pat) (1910-1990)". *Australian Dictionary of Biography*. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
7. "Appropriation Bill No 1" (PDF). *Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)*. Commonwealth of Australia: Senate. 16 October 1975. pp. 1220–1241.
8. Gerard Newman (14 May 2002). "Senate Casual Vacancies". *Research Note no.35 2001-2001*. Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
9. *Constitution Alteration (Senate Casual Vacancies)* Act 1977 (Cth).


title: Pleasant Bend, Ohio

abstract: Pleasant Bend is an unincorporated community in Henry County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.

text:
# Pleasant Bend, Ohio

**Pleasant Bend** is an unincorporated community in Henry County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.

## History

A post office called Pleasant Bend was established in 1879, the name was changed to Pleasantbend in 1896, and the post office closed in 1928. The community derives its name from the curve of railroad tracks at the original town site.

41°10′49″N 84°11′24″W / 41.18028°N 84.19000°W / 41.18028; -84.19000


title: Vera Pak

abstract: Vera Borisovna Pak was an Uzbek pedagogue, statesman, and public figure. She served as Senator of the Oliy Majlis (2005-2010), director of the Khiva Orphanage No. 20, and has been awarded with Hero of Uzbekistan and Honored Worker of Public Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan awards.

text:
# Vera Pak

**Vera Borisovna Pak** (Uzbek Cyrillic: Вера Борисовна Пак; 13 November 1938 – 26 October 2018) was an Uzbek pedagogue, statesman, and public figure. She served as Senator of the Oliy Majlis (2005-2010), director of the Khiva Orphanage No. 20, and has been awarded with Hero of Uzbekistan and Honored Worker of Public Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan awards.

## Early life and education

Vera Pak was born on 13 November 1938 in the Kungrad region of the Karakalpak ASSR. After graduating from the Karakalpak State Pedagogical Institute (now Nukus State Pedagogical Institute, named after Ajiniyaz) in 1961, Pak worked at secondary school No. 3 in Khiva.

## Career

From 1984 to 1985, Pak served as an inspector for labor training in the Khiva City public education department. In 1985, Pak was appointed a director of Khiva Orphanage No. 20. She held this position until her death.

Pak was repeatedly elected a member of the Women's Committee of Uzbekistan, a member of the Republican Council of the People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan, and a deputy of the regional and city Kengashes of People's Deputies.

In 2005, Pak was elected a senator of the Parliament of Uzbekistan Oliy Majlis. As a member of the Senate, she was a member of the Oliy Majlis group for cooperation with the National Assembly of the Republic of Korea. Pak was a deputy of the Khiva district Kengash of People's Deputies.

Vera Pak died on 28 October 2018.

## Awards and honors

In 1992, Pak was awarded the title of Honored Worker of Public Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and in 2001 – the title of Hero of Uzbekistan.


title: Yvonne Ingdal

abstract: Yvonne Ingdal was a Danish actress. She has appeared in 22 films and televisions shows between 1963 and 1974. She starred in the 1964 film To, which was entered into the 15th Berlin International Film Festival. Ingdal died on 6 February 2022, at the age of 82.

text:
# Yvonne Ingdal

**Yvonne Ingdal** (10 December 1939 – 6 February 2022) was a Danish actress. She has appeared in 22 films and televisions shows between 1963 and 1974. She starred in the 1964 film *To*, which was entered into the 15th Berlin International Film Festival. Ingdal died on 6 February 2022, at the age of 82.

## Selected filmography

## InfoBox

| Yvonne Ingdal | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1939-12-10)10 December 1939<br>Denmark |
| Died | 6 February 2022(2022-02-06) (aged 82) |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1963–1974 |


title: Orlando Sabino

abstract: Orlando Sabino Camargo, known as the Monster of Capinópolis, was a Brazilian suspected serial killer charged with the murder of 12 people using revolvers and rifles, as well as with the beating and stabbing of 19 calves to death with a sickle in the regions of Triângulo Mineiro; Alto Paranaíba, and in southern Goiás. Sabino was also accused committing numerous crimes such as theft, robbery and rape. Sabino was described as a short, shallow man of frightened and introverted look, with features reminiscent of the autistic spectrum due to his lack of reaction to a firearm discharge from a nearby officer at the time of his capture. There are many theories that point at Brazil's Military Dictatorship which took place in the years Sabino was active, holding the government responsible for this crimes, which would have been done for political reasons. These theories have never been confirmed. Sabino was considered a symbolic figure in local folklore at the time of his activities, as many people thought he was endowed with supernatural abilities because of his insight, strength and his level of dangerousness.

text:
# Orlando Sabino

**Orlando Sabino Camargo** (September 4, 1946 – June 8, 2013), known as the **Monster of Capinópolis**, was a Brazilian suspected serial killer charged with the murder of 12 people using revolvers and rifles, as well as with the beating and stabbing of 19 calves to death with a sickle in the regions of Triângulo Mineiro; Alto Paranaíba, and in southern Goiás. Sabino was also accused committing numerous crimes such as theft, robbery and rape.

Sabino was described as a short, shallow man of frightened and introverted look, with features reminiscent of the autistic spectrum due to his lack of reaction to a firearm discharge from a nearby officer at the time of his capture.

There are many theories that point at Brazil's Military Dictatorship which took place in the years Sabino was active, holding the government responsible for this crimes, which would have been done for political reasons. These theories have never been confirmed. Sabino was considered a symbolic figure in local folklore at the time of his activities, as many people thought he was endowed with supernatural abilities because of his insight, strength and his level of dangerousness.

## Life

Little is known about Sabino's life prior to his criminal activities, since he was the source of information about his origins. Orlando Sabino Camargo is said to have been born in Arapongas, in a furniture shop in northern Paraná, on September 4, 1946. Son of farmer couple Jorge Francisco and Benedita Rodrigues, he was the oldest of seven children. Sabino ran away from home to work in another farm in his early twenties, after witnessing his father being murdered by his boss.

When he returned home, his family was nowhere to be found and so Sabino became a drifter.

## Crimes and Capture

After traveling for miles, he arrived at the Alto Paranaíba region, where he was accused of practicing robbery in the region of Araxá and murder in Patrocínio and Coromandel in late 1971. Sabino then travelled to the southern area of Minas Gerais, where he allegedly committed homicides in Davinópolis and Ouvidor's outskirts, before heading to Tupaciguara, Centralina, Capinópolis and Canápolis. Sabino was known for invading farms and spending long periods free of human contact, sneaking through the vegetation.

Around 300 men were part of his manhunt, from military and civil police officers, cavalry, agents of Brazil's then active Department of Political and Social Order (DOPS), detectives, Army officers; all of which were helped by armed volunteers, farmers and hunters. Numbers, nonetheless, are exaggerated.

> Army troops \[which\] are manoeuvring in the Chanel of São Simão, Cemig's and FAB's helicopters, besides new reinforcements of PMMG's detection dogs will be deployed today in pursuit of the madman spreading panic in the region of Ituitaba, after killing 25 people - 13 in Minas \[Gerais\] and 12 in Goiás. \[...\] starting today \[the police operation\] will have helicopters and over 180 Army soldiers, increasing numbers to over a thousand participants in the manhunt.

While the police and Army laid siege to capture the Monster of Capinópolis, rural population lived in panic: farms were abandoned, the rice harvest was delayed; a small rural exodus happened since many started looking for cities' safety, which also caused a supply crisis and extra costs for municipal administrations. Operation's headquarters, Capinópolis' municipality almost went bankrupt.

Sabino was eventually captured in Ipiaçu, on the banks of the Tejuco River on March 10, 1972, after seventeen days of persecution; the largest manhunt ever held in the state, with over two hundred policemen on patrol.

After being arrested, a filthy Sabino was displayed in public squares to the local population, in each town he had committed crimes; where he would also be judged by those crimes.

During questioning in Tupaciguara on March 20, 1972, Sabino confessed to have murdered Antenor Lourenço and Inês Fernandes dos Santos. According to the attorney Mário José de Faria, Orlando detailed the murders and thefts by him committed, however, Faria stated that "If you asked if he had built Brasília, he'd say yes; if he had bombed Hiroshima, he answered he did. So I urged the judge for \[Orlando's\] sanity to be examined, urgent."

Faria also stated "We stood before a criminally irresponsible being, a being who killed; a psychopath."

On April 27, 1972, Sabino was taken to the Penitentiary Antônio Dutra Ladeira, in Ribeirão das Neves, near the capital Belo Horizonte.

## Aftermath

On May 29, 1972, judge José Affonso da Costa Cortes ruled Orlando Sabino was to be hospitalized in an asylum:

> \[...\] the accused presented \[...\] accentuated indications of dangerousness, fact, we believe, that cannot be contested in any way. \[...\] Considering the provisional application of this measure not possible, including in the developing of the police investigation \[...\], \[I\] determine that the accused shall be committed \[...\], in order to be submitted to medical examinations, for the verification of article 22 of the Penal Code's disposition.

The judge of Coromandel would rule the same, and Sabino would be submitted to examinations on August 27, 1973. Orlando was diagnosed with an intellectual disability, absolved from his crimes in 1977 and placed under security measures.

Sabino's case was studied by researchers and exemplifies problems with the Brazilian juridical system at the time, since the same defendant was judged in different municipalities which had poor communication between each jurisdiction. This was evidenced when Orlando was absolved for the murder of Oprínio Ismael de Nascimento in 1994, due to lack of a murder weapon, 22 years after the crime.

On October 6, 2008, the judge of Patrocínio ruled Sabino's sentence extinct. Still, Coromandel's late verification would prompt the serial killer's release to be postponed to August 31, 2009, after completing his 38 years and 6 months sentence in the Judicial Hospital Professor Mario Vaz. On April 1, 2011, he was admitted to an almshouse for the elderly.

## Death

Sabino was found dead on the morning of June 8, 2013, in the almshouse he had been admitted two years before, in Barbacena, by one of the staff. The cause of death was identified as a heart attack.

Orlando Sabino is buried in Santo Antônio Cemetery in Barbacena.

## Documentary

Rede Record's local news branch based in Uberlândia "Tudo em Dia" produced a documentary based on the book "The Monster of Capinópolis" written by local journalist Pedro Popó.

## InfoBox

| Orlando Sabino | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Orlando Sabino Camargo
(1946-09-04)September 4, 1946
Arapongas, Brazil |
| Died | June 8, 2013(2013-06-08) (aged 66)
Barbacena, Brazil |
| Other names | "Monster of Capinópolis" |
| Height | 1.65 m (5 ft 5 in) |
|  | |
| Conviction(s) | Murder |
| Criminal penalty | 38 years imprisonment |
| Details | |
| Victims | 12? |
| Country | Brazil |
| State(s) | Minas Gerais, Goiás |
|  | |


title: Navasota hebetella

abstract: Navasota hebetella is a species of snout moth in the genus Navasota. It was described by Émile Louis Ragonot in 1887 and is found in North America, including Texas.

text:
# Navasota hebetella

***Navasota hebetella*** is a species of snout moth in the genus *Navasota*. It was described by Émile Louis Ragonot in 1887 and is found in North America, including Texas.

## InfoBox

| *Navasota hebetella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Genus: | *Navasota* |
| Species: | ***N. hebetella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Navasota hebetella***<br>Ragonot, 1887 | |
|


title: Pocono Mountain station

abstract: Pocono Mountain is a proposed New Jersey Transit Rail Operations (NJT) station located in Coolbaugh Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania and is part of a site that was formerly utilized as a summer camp. The proposed station site, which will include a 1,000-space surface parking lot, is located northwest of a multi-phased planned development for this area. Access will be from Pennsylvania Route 611 via Pocono Municipal Road/Mount Pocono Road and a local access road and the platform would be situated east of the track. Rail service from this station to New Jersey and New York City would be provided by NJ Transit if Lackawanna Cut-Off Restoration Project is completed. In spring 2021, Amtrak announced plans for potential New York-Scranton route.

text:
# Pocono Mountain station

**Pocono Mountain** is a proposed New Jersey Transit Rail Operations (NJT) station located in Coolbaugh Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania and is part of a site that was formerly utilized as a summer camp. The proposed station site, which will include a 1,000-space surface parking lot, is located northwest of a multi-phased planned development for this area. Access will be from Pennsylvania Route 611 via Pocono Municipal Road/Mount Pocono Road and a local access road and the platform would be situated east of the track.

Rail service from this station to New Jersey and New York City would be provided by NJ Transit if Lackawanna Cut-Off Restoration Project is completed. In spring 2021, Amtrak announced plans for potential New York-Scranton route.

## Background

The main line of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad (DL&W) and, farther east, the Lackawanna Cut-Off in New Jersey passed through the southern end of the borough of Mount Pocono and continued to Hoboken Terminal. A passenger station was originally built at the crossing of what is now Pennsylvania Route 611 in 1886. Most of the station was demolished in 1937 when the highway was widened. Year-round passenger service to the station had ceased in 1956. Thereafter, trains would only stop at the station during summer months. The final years of summer service on the merged Erie Lackawanna Railroad were for the *Twilight* (Hoboken to Scranton) and the *Pocono Express* (Scranton to Hoboken), with the last summer being 1965. The disappearance of these trains from the timetable later in the year marked the end for service at this station.

The former DL&W tracks now carry freight trains for the Delaware Lackawanna Railroad and an occasional excursion train from Steamtown National Historic Site.

However, service in adjacent Pocono Summit on the Erie Lackawanna's *Lake Cities* (Hoboken-Scranton-Binghamton-Chicago) in the west-bound direction continued to January 5, 1970. Nearby Cresco saw *Lake Cities* service in both the westbound and eastbound service.

## InfoBox

| Pocono Mountain | |
| --- | --- |
| The station site of Mount Pocono station in October 2020. | |
| General information | |
| Location | Route 611, Coolbaugh Township, Pennsylvania |
| Coordinates | 41°07′03″N 75°21′16″W / 41.1175°N 75.3545°W / 41.1175; -75.3545 |
| Owned by | Privately owned |
| Line(s) | Pocono Mainline |
| Construction | |
| Parking | 1,000 spaces (proposed) |
|  | |
|  | |
| Former and proposed services | |
| Preceding station Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Following station  Tobyhannatoward Buffalo  Main Line  Analominktoward Hoboken  Pocono Summittoward Buffalo Crescotoward Hoboken  Proposed services  Preceding station  NJ Transit Following station  Tobyhannatoward Scranton  Lackawanna Cut-Off  Analominktoward New York Penn Station or Hoboken | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: If You Got the Money

abstract: "If You Got the Money" is the second single by Jamie T and the eleventh track on his debut album Panic Prevention. It features a sample from the Inner Circle song "Sweat". On the UK Singles Chart, the single reached number 13. The B-side of the 7" version features three songs: "A New England", "Here's Ya Getaway", and "If You Got The Money".

text:
# If You Got the Money

"**If You Got the Money**" is the second single by Jamie T and the eleventh track on his debut album *Panic Prevention*. It features a sample from the Inner Circle song "Sweat (A La La La La Long)". On the UK Singles Chart, the single reached number 13.

The B-side of the 7" version features three songs: "A New England", "Here's Ya Getaway", and "If You Got The Money" (Miloco demo version).

## Charts

| Chart (2006) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 13 |
| UK Hip Hop/R&B (OCC) | 1 |

## Personnel

Performed by Jamie T except:

* James Dring – drum programming
* Jason Cox – additional percussion, keyboards
* Louis Felber – guitar
* James Dunston – bass
* Ceri Evans – keyboards
* Ben Coupland – drums

## Sales and certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 200,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| "If You Got the Money" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Jamie T | |
| from the album  *Panic Prevention* | |
| Released | 25 September 2006 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 3:42 Radio edit
4:04 Album edit |
| Label | Virgin |
| Songwriter(s) | Jamie Treays |
| Jamie T singles chronology | |
| "Sheila"
(2006) "**If You Got the Money**"
(2006) "Calm Down Dearest"
(2007) | |


title: Playa Grande, Uruguay

abstract: Playa Grande is a resort town and western suburb of the city of Piriápolis in the Maldonado Department of Uruguay.

text:
# Playa Grande, Uruguay

**Playa Grande** is a resort town and western suburb of the city of Piriápolis in the Maldonado Department of Uruguay.

## Geography

The resort is located on Route 10 and borders the city to the southeast, with a small creek as the natural border, while to the northwest it borders the resort Playa Hermosa.

## Population

In 2011 Playa Grande had a population of 1,031 permanent inhabitants and 1,476 dwellings.

| Year | Population | Dwellings |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1963 | 173 | 207 |
| 1975 | 226 | 349 |
| 1985 | 300 | 424 |
| 1996 | 569 | 711 |
| 2004 | 715 | 990 |
| 2011 | 1,031 | 1,476 |

Source: *Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay*

## InfoBox

| Playa Grande | |
| --- | --- |
| Resort and suburb of Piriápolis | |
| Playa Grande | |
| Coordinates: 34°51′0″S 55°17′58″W / 34.85000°S 55.29944°W / -34.85000; -55.29944 | |
| Country | Uruguay |
| Department | Maldonado Department |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 1,031 |
| Time zone | UTC -3 |
| Postal code | 20200 |
| Dial plan | +598 443 (+5 digits) |
| Climate | Cfa |


abstract: This is a list of members of the Australian Senate from 1965 to 1968. Half of its members were elected at the 9 December 1961 election and had terms starting on 1 July 1962 and finishing on 30 June 1968; the other half were elected at the 5 December 1964 half Senate election and had terms starting on 1 July 1965 and finishing on 30 June 1971. The process for filling casual vacancies was complex. While senators were elected for a six-year term, people appointed to a casual vacancy only held office until the earlier of the next election for the House of Representatives or the Senate.

text:
# Members of the Australian Senate, 1965–1968

> **Senate composition at 1 July 1965**
> **Government (30)** \- (1 seat minority)
> Liberal (23)
> Country Party (7)
> **Opposition (27)**
> Labor (27)
> **Crossbench (3)**
> DLP (2)
> Independents (1)
> Changes in composition

This is a list of **members of the Australian Senate** from 1965 to 1968. Half of its members were elected at the 9 December 1961 election and had terms starting on 1 July 1962 and finishing on 30 June 1968; the other half were elected at the 5 December 1964 half Senate election and had terms starting on 1 July 1965 and finishing on 30 June 1971. The process for filling casual vacancies was complex. While senators were elected for a six-year term, people appointed to a casual vacancy only held office until the earlier of the next election for the House of Representatives or the Senate.

| Senator | Party | | State | Term ending | Years in office |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ken Anderson |  | Liberal | New South Wales | 1971 | 1953–1975 |
| Archie Benn |  | Labor | Queensland | 1968 | 1950–1968 |
| Reg Bishop |  | Labor | South Australia | 1968 | 1962–1981 |
| George Branson |  | Liberal | Western Australia | 1971 | 1958–1971 |
| Marie Breen |  | Liberal | Victoria | 1968 | 1962–1968 |
| Tom Bull |  | Country | New South Wales | 1971 | 1965–1971 |
| Harry Cant |  | Labor | Western Australia | 1971 | 1959–1974 |
| Jim Cavanagh |  | Labor | South Australia | 1968 | 1962–1981 |
| Sam Cohen |  | Labor | Victoria | 1968 | 1962–1969 |
| Walter Cooper |  | Country | Queensland | 1968 | 1928–1932, 1935–1968 |
| Magnus Cormack |  | Liberal | Victoria | 1968 | 1951–1953, 1962–1978 |
| Bob Cotton |  | Liberal | New South Wales | 1966, 1968 | 1965–1978 |
| Gordon Davidson |  | Liberal | South Australia | 1971 | 1961, 1962, 1965–1981 |
| Don Devitt |  | Labor | Tasmania | 1971 | 1965–1978 |
| Felix Dittmer |  | Labor | Queensland | 1971 | 1959–1971 |
| Tom Drake-Brockman |  | Country | Western Australia | 1971 | 1958, 1959–1978 |
| Arnold Drury |  | Labor | South Australia | 1971 | 1959–1975 |
| Joe Fitzgerald |  | Labor | New South Wales | 1968 | 1962–1974 |
| Vince Gair |  | Democratic Labor | Queensland | 1971 | 1965–1974 |
| John Gorton |  | Liberal | Victoria | 1971 | 1950–1968 |
| Ivor Greenwood |  | Liberal | Victoria | 1969, 1971 | 1968–1976 |
| Clive Hannaford |  | Liberal | South Australia | 1968 | 1950–1967 |
| Bill Heatley |  | Liberal | Queensland | 1966, 1968 | 1966–1968 |
| Bert Hendrickson |  | Labor | Victoria | 1971 | 1947–1971 |
| Denham Henty |  | Liberal | Tasmania | 1968 | 1950–1968 |
| Jim Keeffe |  | Labor | Queensland | 1971 | 1965–1983 |
| Pat Kennelly |  | Labor | Victoria | 1971 | 1953–1971 |
| Bert Lacey |  | Labor | Tasmania | 1971 | 1965–1971 |
| Condor Laucke |  | Liberal | South Australia | 1968 | 1967–1981 |
| Keith Laught |  | Liberal | South Australia | 1971 | 1951–1969 |
| Ellis Lawrie |  | Country | Queensland | 1971 | 1965–1975 |
| Elliot Lillico |  | Liberal | Tasmania | 1971 | 1959–1974 |
| John Marriott |  | Liberal | Tasmania | 1971 | 1953–1975 |
| Ted Mattner |  | Liberal | South Australia | 1968 | 1944–1946, 1950–1968 |
| Doug McClelland |  | Labor | New South Wales | 1968 | 1962–1987 |
| Colin McKellar |  | Country | New South Wales | 1968 | 1958–1970 |
| Nick McKenna |  | Labor | Tasmania | 1968 | 1944–1968 |
| Frank McManus |  | Democratic Labor | Victoria | 1971 | 1956–1962, 1965–1974 |
| Alister McMullin |  | Liberal | New South Wales | 1971 | 1951–1971 |
| Kenneth Morris |  | Liberal | Queensland | 1968 | 1963–1968 |
| Tony Mulvihill |  | Labor | New South Wales | 1971 | 1965–1983 |
| Lionel Murphy |  | Labor | New South Wales | 1968 | 1962–1975 |
| Theo Nicholls |  | Labor | South Australia | 1968 | 1944–1968 |
| Justin O'Byrne |  | Labor | Tasmania | 1971 | 1947–1981 |
| James Ormonde |  | Labor | New South Wales | 1971 | 1958, 1959–1970 |
| Shane Paltridge |  | Liberal | Western Australia | 1968 | 1951–1966 |
| Bob Poke |  | Labor | Tasmania | 1968 | 1956–1974 |
| George Poyser |  | Labor | Victoria | 1966, 1968 | 1966–1975 |
| Edgar Prowse |  | Country | Western Australia | 1968 | 1962–1973 |
| Dame Annabelle Rankin |  | Liberal | Queensland | 1968 | 1947–1971 |
| Clem Ridley |  | Labor | South Australia | 1971 | 1959–1971 |
| Charles Sandford |  | Labor | Victoria | 1968 | 1947–1956, 1957–1966 |
| Malcolm Scott |  | Liberal | Western Australia | 1971 | 1950–1971 |
| Bob Sherrington |  | Liberal | Queensland | 1968 | 1962–1966 |
| Peter Sim |  | Liberal | Western Australia | 1966, 1968 | 1964–1981 |
| Bill Spooner |  | Liberal | New South Wales | 1968 | 1950–1965 |
| Dame Dorothy Tangney |  | Labor | Western Australia | 1971 | 1943–1968 |
| Jim Toohey |  | Labor | South Australia | 1971 | 1953–1971 |
| Reg Turnbull |  | Independent | Tasmania | 1968 | 1962–1974 |
| James Webster |  | Country | Victoria | 1966, 1968 | 1964–1981 |
| Dame Ivy Wedgwood |  | Liberal | Victoria | 1971 | 1950–1971 |
| John Wheeldon |  | Labor | Western Australia | 1971 | 1964–1981 |
| Laurie Wilkinson |  | Labor | Western Australia | 1968 | 1966–1974 |
| Don Willesee |  | Labor | Western Australia | 1968 | 1950–1975 |
| Reg Withers |  | Liberal | Western Australia | 1966 | 1966, 1968–1987 |
| Ian Wood |  | Liberal | Queensland | 1971 | 1950–1978 |
| Reg Wright |  | Liberal | Tasmania | 1968 | 1950–1978 |
|

1. Father of the Senate
2. Liberal Senator Bill Spooner resigned on 14 July 1965; Liberal member Bob Cotton was appointed to fill the ensuing vacancy on 4 August and served to the November 1966 House of Representatives election, when he was elected to complete the term until 30 June 1968.
3. Appointed to a casual vacancy and only held office until the earlier of the next election for the House of Representatives or the Senate.
4. Liberal Senator John Gorton was sworn in as Prime Minister on 10 January 1968 after the disappearance of Harold Holt and is the only senator to be Prime Minister. Convention required the Prime Minister to be a member of the House of Representatives and Gorton resigned from the Senate on 1 February 1968 to successfully contest Holt's old seat. Liberal member Ivor Greenwood was appointed to fill the ensuing Senate vacancy on 21 February until a special election at the October 1969 House of Representatives election, when he was elected to complete the term until 30 June 1971.
5. Liberal Senator Clive Hannaford died on 24 October 1967; Liberal member Condor Laucke was appointed to fill the ensuing vacancy on 2 November to complete the term until 30 June 1968.
6. Liberal Senator Bob Sherrington died on 16 March 1966; Liberal member Bill Heatley was appointed to fill the ensuing vacancy on 14 April until a special election at the November 1966 House of Representatives election, when he was elected to complete the term until 30 June 1968.
7. Liberal Senator Shane Paltridge died on 21 January 1966; Liberal member Reg Withers was appointed to fill the ensuing vacancy on 17 February but he was defeated for the seat at the November 1966 House of Representatives election by Labor candidate Laurie Wilkinson.
8. Labor Senator Charles Sandford died on 22 October 1966; Labor member George Poyser was appointed to fill the ensuing vacancy on 26 October until a special election at the November 1966 House of Representatives election, when he was elected to complete the term until 30 June 1968.
9. Liberal Party Senator Seddon Vincent died on 9 November 1964; Liberal Party member Peter Sim was appointed to fill the ensuing vacancy on 26 November until a special election at the November 1966 House of Representatives election, when he was elected to complete the term until 30 June 1968.
10. Country Party Senator Harrie Wade died on 18 November 1964; Country Party member James Webster was appointed to fill the ensuing vacancy on 9 December until a special election at the November 1966 House of Representatives election, when he was elected to complete the term until 30 June 1968.
1. "The Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate 1965". Parliament of Australia. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
2. Evans, H. "Filling Casual Vacancies before 1977" (PDF). *The Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate, Volume 3*. Parliament of Australia. Retrieved 24 February 2017.