title: Prosserman Jewish Community Centre

abstract: The Prosserman Jewish Community Centre is a Jewish Community Centre for the Toronto area. It is located along Bathurst Street in the Bathurst Manor neighborhood of Toronto.

text:
# Prosserman Jewish Community Centre

43°45′46″N 79°26′30″W / 43.762884°N 79.44171°W / 43.762884; -79.44171 The **Prosserman Jewish Community Centre** is a Jewish Community Centre for the Toronto area. It is located along Bathurst Street in the Bathurst Manor neighborhood of Toronto.

## History

The **Bathurst Jewish Community Centre** was founded in 1930 as the **YMHA** (**Young Men's Hebrew Association**). In 1953 a new facility was built, the **Bloor Street** "**Y**" at Bloor Street and Spadina Avenue. It is still there today, but has been completely renovated and is now called the **Miles Nadal JCC**. In 1958, a new JCC campus was started to the north on Bathurst Street to meet demand from changing demographics in that corridor. The BJCC eventually contained a range of facilities and programs, including multiple athletic spaces, the Leah Posluns Theatre, Centre Camp, Kolel: The Adult Centre for Liberal Jewish Learning, the Family Resource Centre, and the Koffler Centre of the Arts.

In the late 2000s, the BJCC plans were made to replace the entire complex with new buildings, which is now the Prosserman JCC.

### Koffler Centre of the Arts

Opened in 1977 inside the BJCC, the "Koffler Centre of the Arts" is a broad-based cultural institution that was established by Murray and Marvelle Koffler. The Koffler Centre teaches dance, music, and visual arts; presents exhibitions of cutting-edge contemporary Canadian art; and is home to the Helen and Stan Vine Canadian Jewish Book Awards, the Annual Jewish Book Fair, the Koffler Chamber Orchestra, and the Stars of the 21st Century Gala. It presents concerts, film screenings, poetry, spoken word, comedy, and discussions on world issues through the lens of culture.

### Leah Posluns Theatre

The **Leah Polsuns Theatre** was founded in 1977 as a live performance venue at the then BJCC. The 444 seat theatre closed when the BJCC was being re-developed in 2009 and reopened in 2020 at 300+ seats venue at the new Prosserman Jewish Community Centre. The theatre is named for Leah Polsuns (1901-1971), wife of Toronto businessman and philanthropist Louis Polsuns.

### Centre Camp

The Camp (The Jack and Pat Kay Centre Camp) located in North York, Toronto, provides outdoor activities for children from 3 to 15 years with a connection to the Jewish community since 1990s.

### Lipa Green Centre for Jewish Community Services

While not part of the JCC itself, the **Lipa Green Centre for Jewish Community Services** had a building on the same property as the BJCC. When the BJCC was redeveloped, plans called for the Lipa Green Centre, which had just undergone a major renovation, to connect various bridges and atriums to the main JCC complex.

### Sherman Campus/Prosserman JCC

In 2007, the UJA of Greater Toronto announced plans to demolish the BJCC and build a newer, more advanced, larger complex on the same site. The name given to the lot and all of the proposed buildings therein was the "Sherman Campus". In 2009, the BJCC was demolished and, in its place, started construction on the Prosserman Jewish Community Centre. The new JCC was named after a businessman and philanthropist Martin Prosserman (1931-2019), who gifted $12 million to the construction. The first phase (The Donald Gales Family Pavilion) was completed in 2010. The first phase of the Prosserman Centre is considerably smaller than the BJCC and offers very limited programming. It is the current home to the Koffler gallery for the Arts and has absorbed many of the employees and programs offered by the BJCC. However, many more people were laid off when the building was demolished. The Prosserman JCC currently houses a limited health centre. UJA continues to fundraise to begin the second phase of construction.


title: Shine in the Light

abstract: "Shine in the Light" is a single by Swiss singer-songwriter Anna Rossinelli. The song was released as the lead single from her re-released second studio album Marylou called Marylou Two (2014). The song has peaked to number 4 on the Swiss Singles Chart. The song was written by Anna Rossinelli, Georg Schlunegger, Georg Dillier, Manuel Meisel. The Swiss television studio SRF used the single Shine in the Light as their official song for the broadcast of the 2014 Winter Olympics.

text:
# Shine in the Light

"**Shine in the Light**" is a single by Swiss singer-songwriter Anna Rossinelli. The song was released as the lead single from her re-released second studio album *Marylou* called *Marylou Two* (2014). The song has peaked to number 4 on the Swiss Singles Chart. The song was written by Anna Rossinelli, Georg Schlunegger, Georg Dillier, Manuel Meisel. The Swiss television studio SRF used the single Shine in the Light as their official song for the broadcast of the 2014 Winter Olympics.

## Music video

A music video to accompany the release of "Shine in the Light" was first released onto YouTube on February 7, 2014 at a total length of three minutes and twenty-one seconds.

## Track listing

Digital download
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Shine in the Light" | 3:13 |

## Charts

| Chart (2014) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 4 |
|

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Switzerland | February 2014 | Digital download | Universal Music Group |
|

## InfoBox

| "Shine in the Light" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Anna Rossinelli | |
| from the album  *Marylou Two* | |
| Released | February 2014 |
| Recorded | 2013 |
| Genre | Pop |
| Length | 3:13 |
| Label | Universal Music Group |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Georg Schlunegger |
| Anna Rossinelli singles chronology | |
| "Let It Go"
(2013) "**Shine in the Light**"
(2014) | |


title: Wild DoubleEnder

abstract: The Wild DoubleEnder is an American twin engine utility aircraft designed for bush flying. It was designed to be the ultimate platform for flying in a remote environment, where safety, performance, and visibility are all extremely crucial.

text:
# Wild DoubleEnder

The **Wild DoubleEnder** is an American twin engine utility aircraft designed for bush flying. It was designed to be the ultimate platform for flying in a remote environment, where safety, performance, and visibility are all extremely crucial.

## Design and development

The DoubleEnder is a two place tandem seat conventional landing gear equipped, high winged aircraft. The two engines are mounted in tandem on top of the fuselage in a push-pull configuration. The steel tube fuselage is fabric covered with a plexiglas nose. A 55 U.S. gallons (210 L; 46 imp gal) belly pod can be used to increase fuel capacity to 103 U.S. gallons (390 L; 86 imp gal). A variety of wing configurations and lift devices were used during the development period.

## Specifications (DoubleEnder)

*Data from* EAA

**General characteristics**

* **Crew:** one
* **Capacity:** one passenger
* **Empty weight:** 1,500 lb (680 kg)
* **Gross weight:** 2,500 lb (1,134 kg)
* **Fuel capacity:** 48 U.S. gallons (180 L; 40 imp gal)
* **Powerplant:** 2 × Rotax 914 horizontally opposed piston aircraft engines, 130 hp (97 kW) each
* **Propellers:** 3-bladed Warp Drive

**Performance**

* **Cruise speed:** 100 kn (115 mph, 185 km/h)
* **Stall speed:** 31 kn (36 mph, 58 km/h)
* **Range:** 840 nmi (970 mi, 1,560 km)
* **Endurance:** 9 hours

## History

The DoubleEnder project started in the mid-2000s when designer Alec Wild set out to design a modern bush plane. He started to design the aircraft in 2007 with the help of Doug Keller, and Eric Lewis. They started the design around 2007 and had finished the prototype by 2010. After the prototype was built, the aircraft saw many variants of wings, flaps, ailerons, spoilers, slats, tail surfaces, and more. The team even had plans to design and build multiple variants of the aircraft. The status of the project as a whole remains unclear and the aircraft's last known flight was in 2015.

## InfoBox

| DoubleEnder | |
| --- | --- |
| Role | Homebuilt aircraft |
| National origin | United States |
| Designer | Alec Wild |
| First flight | 2010 |
| Number built | 1 |
| Developed from | Piper PA-18 |
| Developed into | Lewis Ascender |


title: Quarter on quarter

abstract: Quarter-on-quarter or quarter-over-quarter, abbreviated as QOQ is a term of art in accounting, finance and economics. It may refer to a comparison of data in the current quarter to the same data in the previous quarter. For example, if the volume of sales was 105 units in 2019Q2, 100 units in 2020Q1, and 102 units in 2020Q2, then the sale volume has increased in 2020Q2 quarter-over-quarter, but it has decreased year-over-year. The term also applies to a comparison of data in a period of the current quarter to the same period in the previous quarter. For example, the comparison of sales in April to sales in January would be a quarter-over-quarter comparison. It is sometimes abbreviated as q/q.

text:
# Quarter on quarter

**Quarter-on-quarter** or **quarter-over-quarter,** abbreviated as **QOQ** is a term of art in accounting, finance and economics. It may refer to a comparison of data in the current quarter to the same data in the previous quarter. For example, if the volume of sales was 105 units in 2019Q2, 100 units in 2020Q1, and 102 units in 2020Q2, then the sale volume has increased in 2020Q2 quarter-over-quarter (i.e., comparing it to 2020Q1), but it has decreased year-over-year (i.e., comparing it to 2019Q2).

The term also applies to a comparison of data in a period of the current quarter to the same period in the previous quarter. For example, the comparison of sales in April (i.e., the first month of Q2) to sales in January would be a quarter-over-quarter comparison.

It is sometimes abbreviated as q/q.


title: Pellegrini Lake

abstract: The Pellegrini Lake is an artificial lake located on the Argentinian Patagonia, in the province of Río Negro, near the city of Cinco Saltos, at approximately 38°40′S 68°00′W and 270 m above mean sea level. This reservoir was originally a natural depressed area, possibly excavated by wind erosion, which was later filled with water brought by a derivation channel from the nearby Neuquén River, in order to regulate its flow. It has mean and maximum depths of 9.4 and 18 m, respectively. It covers an area of 112 km⁲ and has a volume of 1.053×10⁹ m⁳. The lake is employed for commercial fishing of trucha criolla and pejerrey, as well as sport fishing, recreation and tourism.

text:
# Pellegrini Lake

The **Pellegrini Lake** is an artificial lake located on the Argentinian Patagonia, in the province of Río Negro, near the city of Cinco Saltos, at approximately 38°40′S 68°00′W / 38.667°S 68.000°W / -38.667; -68.000 and 270 m above mean sea level.

This reservoir was originally a natural depressed area, possibly excavated by wind erosion, which was later filled with water brought by a derivation channel from the nearby Neuquén River, in order to regulate its flow (since the river had no natural lakes that would fulfill this function). It has mean and maximum depths of 9.4 and 18 m, respectively. It covers an area of 112 km2 and has a volume of 1.053×109 m3.

The lake is employed for commercial fishing of *trucha criolla* (*Percichthys trucha*, a species of temperate perch) and *pejerrey* (*Odontesthes microlepidotus*, a neotropical silverside), as well as sport fishing, recreation and tourism.

## Tourism

The tourism can make a little detour of 14 km from the National Route 151, which travels to and from the South region. Pellegrini lake is an important water mirror, which is part of the irrigation work of the Alto Valle of Rio Negro, that is fed from the canal that rises from the imponent dam, Dique Ingeniero Ballester. This canal runs 120 km and gives life to the fruit production that characterize our region. At the Pellegrini lake you can do the most diverse watersports such as swimming, windsurfing, canoeing and sailing. Also you can do different bird sightings and especially have some rest to disconnect from the city life.

## Technical data provided by the D.P.A

The Pellegrini lake occupies a natural depression known as the “Cuenca Vidal”.

It is created up to the construction of the dam Dique Ing. Ballester, which started in 1915 the diversion of excess irrigation water through the canal regulator “Arroyón” and as a measure to mitigate the large floods of the Río Neuquén through a bypass canal.

The Pellegrini lake is an endorheic basin, without a natural water outflow to another basin, so its waters are slightly saline. The bottom level of the lake is 251 m.s.n.m.

After the first years of operation of the dam Dique Ing. Ballester, in 1936, the lake that was formed already registered a water level of 267,60 m. Up to this date, that level has small variations around the 272 m elevation.

* Lago Pellegrini. (in Spanish) Secretaría de Energía. República Argentina.

## InfoBox

| Pellegrini Lake | |
| --- | --- |
| The lake (left) from space | |
| Pellegrini Lake | |
| Location | General Roca Department, Río Negro Province, Argentina, in Patagonia |
| Coordinates | 38°40′S 68°00′W / 38.667°S 68.000°W / -38.667; -68.000 |
| Type | artificial lake |
| Basin countries | Argentina |
|  | |
| Surface area | 112 km2 (43 sq mi) |
| Average depth | 9.4 m (31 ft) |
| Max. depth | 18 m (59 ft) |
| Surface elevation | 270 m (890 ft) |


title: Vīmaṃsaka Sutta

abstract: The Vīmaṃsaka Sutta is the 47th discourse within Majjhima Nikaya of Pāli Canon in Theravada Buddhism and paralleled by 求解 in the Madhyama Agama of the Chinese Taisho Tripitaka. According to Bhikkhu Analayo, this sutta and its Chinese parallel presents "a remarkable advocacy of free inquiry" by making the Buddha's claim to awakening the object of "the most searching scrutiny."

text:
# Vīmaṃsaka Sutta

The ***Vīmaṃsaka Sutta*** (MN 47, *The Inquirer*) is the 47th discourse within Majjhima Nikaya of Pāli Canon in Theravada Buddhism and paralleled by 求解 ('The discourse on investigating \[for the sake of\] understanding', MA 186 T 26.186) in the Madhyama Agama of the Chinese Taisho Tripitaka. According to Bhikkhu Analayo, this sutta and its Chinese parallel presents "a remarkable advocacy of free inquiry" by making the Buddha's claim to awakening the object of "the most searching scrutiny."

## Content

The sutta outlines the various ways that one can evaluate the Buddha himself (and by extension any spiritual teacher) to determine if their teaching is genuine and if they are truly liberated. The sutta begins thus:

> Bhikkhus, a bhikkhu who is an inquirer, not knowing how to gauge another’s mind, should make an investigation of the Tathāgata in order to find out whether or not he is fully enlightened.

One of these ways is seeing if the Buddha has a totally pure mind free of all defilements and mixed states of mind by using evidence such as their bodily actions and speech ("through the eye and through the ear"). The Buddha also encourages a monk to directly ask him about his mental states thus: ‘Are there found in the Tathāgata or not any defiled states cognizable through the eye or through the ear?’

Other questions that the student should investigate include whether the teacher attained his current state long ago or only recently (in the Chinese version this question is whether he has been *practicing in a wholesome way* for a long time or not) and whether he practices for the sake of fame or gain. Once the student gains a certain confidence in the Buddha and his teachings, they then put them into practice and verify their effectiveness through direct personal experience which leads to confidence (saddhā). If one has investigated and practiced well, one's faith and confidence will be strong:

> Bhikkhus, when anyone’s faith has been planted, rooted, and established in the Tathāgata through these reasons, terms, and phrases, his faith is said to be supported by reasons, rooted in vision, firm; it is invincible by any recluse or brahmin or god or Māra or Brahmā or by anyone in the world. That is how, bhikkhus, there is an investigation of the Tathāgata in accordance with the Dhamma, and that is how the Tathāgata is well investigated in accordance with the Dhamma.

In this way, an initial doubt about the Buddha and his dhamma is encouraged and seen as central to the growth of faith through evaluation and investigation of the teacher and their teachings. Thus, while doubt (vicikiccha) is seen as an obstacle and a hindrance to Buddhist practice, it is to be removed by a process of personal critical inquiry.


title: Neufchâtel-en-Bray

abstract: Neufchâtel-en-Bray is a commune situated in the Seine-Maritime department of the Normandy Region, northern France. The Neufchâtel cheese is made in the area.

text:
# Neufchâtel-en-Bray

**Neufchâtel-en-Bray** (French pronunciation: \[nøʃɑtɛl ɑ̃ bʁɛ, nœfʃɑ-\]; Norman: *Neucâtel-en-Bray, Le Câtel*) is a commune situated in the Seine-Maritime department of the Normandy Region, northern France. The Neufchâtel cheese is made in the area.

## Geography

### Location

Neufchâtel is a commune of the Pays de Bray, and is traversed by the river Béthune and its tributary the Philbert.

Neufchâtel is situated about 10 miles (16 km) from Londinières and Saint-Saëns, about 12 miles (19 km) from Forges-les-Eaux, about 15 miles (24 km) from Buchy, about 19 miles (31 km) from Aumale, about 20 miles from Blangy-sur-Bresle and about 25 miles (40 km) from Dieppe.

### Major highways

The city is located near the intersection of Autoroute A28 which runs from Rouen to Abbeville and A29 (the Beuzeville-Le Havre-Amiens-Saint-Quentin route).

## Toponymy

Old forms: Drincurt (1040–1047), Druoncurt 1152, Drioncurt (1174–1188), Driencourt was the most common form often distorted as Lincourt, an old toponym that disappeared completely by the 15th century.

It signifies “Drugo's farm”, the name of a Germanic person, which is always declined in the oblique case for names ending in -court and found in the patronym Druon. “Driencourt” has a homonym with Driencourt (Somme). Names ending in -court predate the formation of the Duchy of Normandy and correspond with the Frankish expansion.

The old parish of Nogent, from the Celtic Novientum “new establishment” (perhaps the primitive Gallic name), has been linked to Neufchâtel.

It received its current name from a castle built there by Henry Beauclerc in the 12th century. At that time, it began to be called by its Norman name, Neufcastel, and was referred to by both names until the 15th century.

A French form usually replaces a dialectal form, as is noted, with large towns. North of the Joret line, the form of the name in Norman dialect would be Neufcastel, like the very small village of Radicatel. On the other hand, Bourg-Achard or Pont-de-l'Arche underwent the same Francization: they are dialectally Bourg-Acard (similar to the surname Acard) and Pont-de-l'Arque (see also Arques-la-Bataille, a small parish).

## History

It is the former capital of the Pays de Bray and a former fortress town. The fortress was dismantled in 1596.

The city was sieged, burned and destroyed several times during the wars between the 12th and 16th centuries.

In 1463, Louis XI of France installed his chancery. Many letters and administrative acts refer to this place. He stayed here for a few months in 1463 and one month in 1464 with his wife Queen Charlotte of Savoy.

In July 1472, after the Siege of Beauvais, Charles le Téméraire totally destroyed the city.

It was the seat of the district from 1790 to 1795.

The town was occupied by the Prussian army during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870.

The Arrondissement of Neufchâtel was dissolved following the Poincaré Decree.

The downtown area was bombarded on 19 and 24 May 1940 and again on Wednesday 7 June 1940 during the Battle of France in World War II, causing a fire that burnt for several days, destroying most of it. During the reconstruction, a political administration had been created by Robert Auzelle, which rebuilt the mayor's office, court, tax office and theater in the same place and style as before.

On 9 April 1962, Neufchâtel changed its name to Neufchâtel-en-Bray.

## Heraldry

## Administration

## Population

In 2017, the commune had 4,737 inhabitants.

Historical population
| Year Pop. ±% p.a.  1793  3,600       1800  2,898 −3.05%  1806  3,063 +0.93%  1821  3,196 +0.28%  1831  3,430 +0.71%  1836  3,463 +0.19%  1841  3,572 +0.62%  1846  3,365 −1.19%  1851  3,602 +1.37%  1856  3,483 −0.67%  1861  3,564 +0.46%  1866  3,616 +0.29%  1872  3,641 +0.11%  1876  3,651 +0.07%  1881  3,777 +0.68%  1886  3,832 +0.29%  1891  4,006 +0.89%  1896  4,133 +0.63% | Year Pop. ±% p.a.  1901  4,179 +0.22%  1906  4,293 +0.54%  1911  4,195 −0.46%  1921  4,013 −0.44%  1926  4,128 +0.57%  1931  4,055 −0.36%  1936  4,148 +0.45%  1946  3,777 −0.93%  1954  4,838 +3.14%  1962  5,590 +1.82%  1968  5,883 +0.86%  1975  5,814 −0.17%  1982  5,498 −0.80%  1990  5,322 −0.41%  1999  5,103 −0.47%  2007  4,958 −0.36%  2012  4,866 −0.37%  2017  4,737 −0.54% |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Source: EHESS and INSEE | |

## Economy

* Gervais Dairy, later Danone (maker of Petit Suisse until closing in 2008)
* Cheese manufacturing (Neufchâtel cheese)
* Branch office of the Rouen Chamber of Commerce and Industry

In terms of employment, the city is marked by a preponderance of public sector jobs. As of 2010, the hospital had 210 employees, the high school (200 employees), the commune (130 employees) and the middle school (80 employees). The private sector is primarily represented by the Leclerc Center (120 employees) and the industrial zone enterprises; Celec (40 salaried employees), Mecanolav Ridel (40 salaried employees), Grosse Équipement and Peltier Nettoyage (more than 30 employees each), followed by Maison Régionale de l'Eau (MRE), Poxblanc Charpentes, Bastéa Constructeur, Guerard (20 jobs each), and many other artisanal, commercial, and small enterprises.

## Municipal services

A former arrondissement seat, Neufchâtel-en-Bray has a number of public amenities, including a local hospital and a public secondary school divided into three departments (general education, vocational and agricultural). Until 2010, there was a civil court and a commercial court, victims of the Dati reform.

The community also lost a station on the Paris-Saint-Lazarre – Dieppe line when the line from Serqueux and Dieppe was removed (a move ruled illegal by the administrative court).

Today, Neufchâtel-en-Bray is served by Transport Express Régional (TER) Upper Normandy buses connecting Dieppe to Gare de Gisors via Serqueux. The Neufchâtel-en-Bray station, rebuilt after World War II in a local style, is now a venue while the railroad bed is a hiking trail. The town also has sports facilities (swimming pool and gym) and recently renovated cinema and theater. A supermarket and two hard-discounters are located in the Grand Flandre zone and another hard-discounter is located downtown.

## Places and monuments

* Eglise Notre Dame, a church built in the 12th, 13th, and 16th centuries.
* Mathon-Durand Museum, a museum of art and culture created in 1823, housed in a building from the early 17th century with a facade in the Henry IV style with decorative half timbering set in masonry.

## Notable personalities

* Jehan de Launay (also known as Launoy, Lannais or Lasne): Captain of the Kortrijk garrison in 1380 and captain of the Ghent rebels in 1381. Commanding several thousand men, he was defeated at the Battle of Nevele (near Ghent) on 13 May 1381 by the troops of Louis of Male, Count of Flanders. After that defeat, he found refuge in the Bray Country in the lands of his maternal grandmother Jeanne de Calletot where he sided with the King of England. Jehan de Launay became the captain of the town and fortress at Neufchâtel-en-Bray. He probably died in 1414. He was the son of Mathieu de Launay and a lady of the House of Montmorency and the grandson of Jean de Launay, Lord of Lannay and Thieusies, Baron of Rumes, Grand Bailiff of Hainaut.
* Clement Lasne (also known as Laisne): Legal counsel and advisor to Catherine of France, Queen of England, until 1436 for her dowery of Neufchâtel-en-Bray.
* Jehan Lasne (also known as Laisne): Lieutenant of the Bailiff of Caux who oversaw the resurgence of Neufchâtel-en-Bray in the first half of the 15th century (the son of Clement Lasne).
* Catherine of Valois, Queen of England, spouse of Henry V, King of England: She stayed in Neufchâtel-en-Bray around 1436 when Clement Lasne was her legal counsel and advisor.
* Louis XI of France and Charlotte of Savoy stayed there.
* Adrien Milton, President of the Elections of Neufchâtel-en-Bray, author of a thesis on the history of this city and its environs.
* Percheval de Grouchy: Royal prosecutor at Neufchâtel-en-Bray, author of the Latin Poem “Saliberna” dedicated to penitent priests, successors to the first monks. Grouchy preserved the old family coat of arms: “Or, fretty of six pieces azure”. The Grouchy-Robertot family, meanwhile, carried “argent with three trefoils vert”, the arms of the d'Escorchebœuf family, taken by Jean I in about 1370 and were modified in 1671.
* Charles Lemercier de Longpré, baron d'Haussez (born 20 October 1778, in Neufchâtel – died 10 November 1854, Saint-Saëns), French politician, Deputy of the Lower Seine and Minister of the Navy (1829–1830) during the Second Restoration.
* Paul-Napoléon Roinard (1856–1930), poet
* David Douillet (born 17 February 1969 in Rouen), French judoka, Olympic and world champion.
* Bruno Thiboult (born 8 May 1969 in Neufchâtel-en-Bray), former professional cyclist.

## Sister city

Whitchurch, Shropshire, United Kingdom, has been the sister city of Neufchâtel-en-Bray since 1975.

## Fairs

The fair is around the first Sunday in September.

## InfoBox

| Neufchâtel-en-Bray | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Notre Dame Church in Neufchâtel-en-Bray | |
|  | |
| Location of Neufchâtel-en-Bray | |
| Neufchâtel-en-BrayNeufchâtel-en-Bray | |
| Coordinates: 49°44′N 1°26′E / 49.73°N 1.44°E / 49.73; 1.44 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Normandy |
| Department | Seine-Maritime |
| Arrondissement | Dieppe |
| Canton | Neufchâtel-en-Bray |
| Intercommunality | CC Bray-Eawy |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Xavier Lefrançois |
| Area**1** | 11.03 km2 (4.26 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 4,680 |
| Density | 420/km2 (1,100/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Neufchâtelois(e) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 76462 /76270 |
| Elevation | 69–230 m (226–755 ft)
(avg. 90 m or 300 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Glacidorbidae

abstract: The Glacidorbidae is a taxonomic family of freshwater snails.

text:
# Glacidorbidae

The **Glacidorbidae** is a taxonomic family of freshwater snails.

## Taxonomy

### 2005 taxonomy

Glacidorbidae is the only family in the superfamily **Glacidorboidea**. Glacidorboidea has been classified within the informal group Lower Heterobranchia in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005).

### 2010 taxonomy

Jörger et al. (2010) redefined the major groups within the Heterobranchia; they moved Glacidorboidea to Panpulmonata.

## Genera

Genera within the family Glacidorbidae include:

## Further reading

* Ponder W. F. & Avern G. J. (2000) "The Glacidorbidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) of Australia". *Records of the Australian Museum* **52**: 307–353. HTM Archived 2011-07-06 at the Wayback Machine

## InfoBox

| Glacidorbidae | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Glacidorboidea
Ponder, 1986 |
| Family: | Glacidorbidae
Ponder, 1986 |
|
| Diversity | |
| 20 freshwater species | |


title: Oecomys roberti

abstract: Oecomys roberti, also known as Robert's oecomys or Robert's arboreal rice rat, is a rodent species from South America in the genus Oecomys. It has a broad distribution in the Amazon biome, being found in Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela.

text:
# Oecomys roberti

***Oecomys roberti***, also known as **Robert's oecomys** or **Robert's arboreal rice rat**, is a rodent species from South America in the genus *Oecomys*. It has a broad distribution in the Amazon biome, being found in Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela.

## Literature cited

* Costa, L., Weksler, M. and Bonvicino, C. 2008. *Oecomys roberti*. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. \<www.iucnredlist.org\>. Downloaded on December 2, 2009.

## InfoBox

| *Oecomys roberti* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Rodentia |
| Family: | Cricetidae |
| Subfamily: | Sigmodontinae |
| Genus: | *Oecomys* |
| Species: | ***O. roberti*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oecomys roberti***
Thomas, 1904 | |
|


title: Prosorhochmidae

abstract:
Prosorhochmidae is a family of nemertean worms belonging to the suborder Monostilifera. It contains the following genera:
  - Antiponemertes
  - Arhochmus Maslakova & Norenburg, 2008
  - Argonemertes
  - Eonemertes Gibson, 1990
  - Gononemertes Bergendal, 1900
  - Geonemertes
  - Prosadenoporus Bürger, 1890
  - Prosorhochmus Keferstein, 1862

text:
# Prosorhochmidae

**Prosorhochmidae** is a family of nemertean worms belonging to the suborder Monostilifera. It contains the following genera:

## InfoBox

| Prosorhochmidae | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Geonemertes* sp., Mindanao | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Nemertea |
| Class: | Hoplonemertea |
| Order: | Monostilifera |
| Suborder: | Eumonostilifera |
| Infraorder: | Amphiporina |
| Family: | Prosorhochmidae |
|
| Genera | |
| *Antiponemertes*
*Argonemertes*
*Geonemertes* | |


title: Ismail Rahoo

abstract: Muhammad Ismail Rahoo is a Pakistani politician who was the Provincial Minister of Sindh for Agriculture, Supply and Prices, from 19 August 2018 till 11 August 2023. He had been a member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh from August 2018 till August 2023. Previously, he was a member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh from 1990 to 1993, from 1997 to 1999 and again from March 2016 to May 2017. Between 1990 and 1999, he served in the provincial Sindh cabinet of Chief Minister Jam Sadiq Ali and Liaquat Ali Jatoi as provincial Minister of Sindh for mines, minerals and livestock, and excise and taxation, respectively. He served as President of PML-N Sindh from July 2014 to April 2017.

text:
# Ismail Rahoo

**Muhammad Ismail Rahoo** is a Pakistani politician who was the Provincial Minister of Sindh for Agriculture, Supply and Prices, from 19 August 2018 till 11 August 2023. He had been a member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh from August 2018 till August 2023.

Previously, he was a member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh from 1990 to 1993, from 1997 to 1999 and again from March 2016 to May 2017. Between 1990 and 1999, he served in the provincial Sindh cabinet of Chief Minister Jam Sadiq Ali and Liaquat Ali Jatoi as provincial Minister of Sindh for mines, minerals and livestock, and excise and taxation, respectively. He served as President of PML-N Sindh from July 2014 to April 2017.

## Early life and education

He was born on 20 May 1962 in Badin District, Pakistan to Fazil Rahu.

He has done Bachelor of Arts from the University of Karachi.

## Political career

He ran for the seat of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh as a candidate of ANP from Constituency PS-49 (Badin-IV) in 1988 Pakistani general election but was unsuccessful. He received 8,111 votes and lost the seat to Dr Muhammad Ismail, a candidate of Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP).

He was elected to Provincial Assembly of Sindh as an independent candidate from Constituency PS-49 (Badin-IV) in 1990 Pakistani general election. He received 16,312 vote and defeated Sikandar Ali Mandhro. Following his successful election, he was inducted into the Provincial Sindh cabinet of Chief Minister Jam Sadiq Ali and was appointed as provincial minister of Sindh for mines, minerals and livestock.

He ran for the seat of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh as an independent candidate from Constituency PS-49 (Badin-IV) in 1993 Pakistani general election but was unsuccessful. He received 15,542 votes and lost the seat to Sikandar Ali Mandhro.

In 1996, he quit his father’s party Awami Tehreek (Rahu group) and joined Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N).

He was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of Sindh as a candidate of PML-N from Constituency PS-49 (Badin-IV) in 1997 Pakistani general election. He received 17,077 votes and defeated Qazi Amjad Abid Abbasi, a candidate of PPP. Following his successful election, he was inducted into the provincial Sindh cabinet of Chief Minister Liaquat Ali Jatoi and was appointed as Provincial Minister of Sindh for excise and taxation.

He was arrested following the 1999 Pakistani coup d'état and was jailed for two years. In June 2001, he was arrested by the National Accountability Bureau (NAB) on corruption charges. The NAB had charged him for importing liquor from Rawalpindi to Karachi on bogus import permits, issued by the Sindh Ministry of excise and taxation which caused a loss of Rs 66 million to the provincial exchequer. In June 2002, the NAB fined him of Rs 20 million and sentenced him for seven years rigorous imprisonment. He was also disqualified from holding public office for 10 years. In May 2003, The Sindh High Court overturned his conviction after Rahoo filed an appeal to challenge his sentence.

According to Rahoo, he could not contest the 2002 general election due to being in detention at that time.

He ran for the seat of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (Q) (PML-Q) from Constituency PS-59 (Badin-cum-T.M. Khan-III) in 2008 Pakistani general election but was unsuccessful. He received 19,604 votes and lost the seat to Muhammad Nawaz Chandio, a candidate of PPP.

He ran for the seat of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh as a candidate of PML-N from Constituency PS-59 (Badin-cum-T.M. Khan-III) in 2013 Pakistani general election but was unsuccessful. He received 36,966 votes and lost the seat to Muhammad Nawaz Chandio, a candidate of PPP. Rahoo alleged rigging was done in the constituency and challenged the election. In April 2015, an election tribunal de-seated Muhammad Nawaz Chandio and ordered a re-election in the constituency.

He was appointed as President of PML-N Sindh in July 2014. He was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of Sindh as a candidate of PML-N from Constituency PS-59 (Badin-cum-T.M. Khan-III) in by-election held in March 2016. He received 35,880 votes and defeated Mohammad Nawaz Chandio, a candidate of PPP.

In April 2017, he resigned as President of PML-N Sindh citing personal reasons. Reportedly, Rahu was cautioned numerous times by the PML-N leaders for being inactive. In May, he resigned from his Sindh Assembly seat and announced to join PPP.

He was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of Sindh as a candidate of PPP from Constituency PS-74 (Badin-V) in 2018 Pakistani general election.

On 19 August, he was inducted into the provincial Sindh cabinet of Chief Minister Syed Murad Ali Shah and was made Provincial Minister of Sindh for agriculture with the additional ministerial portfolio of supply and prices.

## InfoBox

| Ismail Rahoo | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Provincial Minister of Sindh for Supply and Prices | |
| **In office**
19 August 2018  11 August 2023 | |
| Provincial Minister of Sindh for Agriculture | |
| **In office**
19 August 2018  11 August 2023 | |
| Member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh | |
| **In office**
13 August 2018  11 August 2023 | |
| Constituency | PS-74 (Badin-V) |
| **In office**
March 2016  May 2017 | |
| Constituency | PS-59 (Badin-cum-T.M. Khan-III) |
| **In office**
1997–1999 | |
| Constituency | PS-49 (Badin-IV) |
| **In office**
1990–1993 | |
| Constituency | PS-49 (Badin-IV) |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1962-05-20) 20 May 1962
Badin District |
| Nationality | Pakistani |
| Political party | Pakistan Peoples Party |
|  | |


title: Wilbur S. Jackman

abstract: Wilbur Samuel Jackman was an American educator and one of the originators of the nature study movement. Jackman was born in Mechanicstown, Ohio, and shortly after his birth the family moved to California, Pennsylvania, where he spent his boyhood growing up on a farm that his grandfather had obtained from the local Indians in exchange for a copper kettle. It was his childhood experiences that engendered him with a love of the outdoors and all the plants and animals that live there. Jackman continued his education at the California Normal School, travelling to school and back on horseback. He then went to Meadville College for three years. He then continued his education at Harvard University and graduated with a bachelor's degree from Harvard in 1884. On his way home after graduation he stopped at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where he was promptly offered a job to teach natural science to high school students. Jackman was influenced by Johann Friedrich Herbart, Johann Pestalozzi, Friedrich Froebel and other European educators and believed that children's enthusiasm needed to be utilized to incorporate introductions to all subjects including mathematics, chemistry and biology within nature. It is while he is teaching high school in Pittsburgh that he formulated the nature-study idea. Colonel Francis W. Parker met him in 1889 and invited him to join the faculty at the Cook County Normal School in Chicago, Illinois. In the fall of 1890, Jackman published bimonthly pamphlets that were 75 pages each titled "Outlines in Elementary Science". In the spring of 1891, these pamphlets were synthesized into the important book published that allowed the whole world to learn about nature-study in his book Nature-Study for Common Schools. After this, he continued to refine his ideas of nature-study in different publications. In 1904, Jackman was appointed dean of the growing School of Education of the University of Chicago. He also served in this time as editor of the journal Elementary School Teacher. Jackman died suddenly at the age of 52 from what was diagnosed as pneumonia.

text:
# Wilbur S. Jackman

**Wilbur Samuel Jackman** (January 12, 1855  January 28, 1907) was an American educator and one of the originators of the nature study movement.

Jackman was born in Mechanicstown, Ohio, and shortly after his birth the family moved to California, Pennsylvania, where he spent his boyhood growing up on a farm that his grandfather had obtained from the local Indians in exchange for a copper kettle. It was his childhood experiences that engendered him with a love of the outdoors and all the plants and animals that live there.

Jackman continued his education at the California Normal School, travelling to school and back on horseback. He then went to Meadville College for three years. He then continued his education at Harvard University and graduated with a bachelor's degree from Harvard in 1884. On his way home after graduation he stopped at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where he was promptly offered a job to teach natural science to high school students. Jackman was influenced by Johann Friedrich Herbart, Johann Pestalozzi, Friedrich Froebel and other European educators and believed that children's enthusiasm needed to be utilized to incorporate introductions to all subjects including mathematics, chemistry and biology within nature. It is while he is teaching high school in Pittsburgh that he formulated the nature-study idea. Colonel Francis W. Parker met him in 1889 and invited him to join the faculty at the Cook County Normal School in Chicago, Illinois. In the fall of 1890, Jackman published bimonthly pamphlets that were 75 pages each titled "*Outlines in Elementary Science*". In the spring of 1891, these pamphlets were synthesized into the important book published that allowed the whole world to learn about nature-study in his book *Nature-Study for Common Schools*. After this, he continued to refine his ideas of nature-study in different publications.

In 1904, Jackman was appointed dean of the growing School of Education of the University of Chicago (formerly the Cook County Normal School). He also served in this time as editor of the journal *Elementary School Teacher*.

Jackman died suddenly at the age of 52 from what was diagnosed as pneumonia.

## Sources


title: Quarter minus

abstract: Quarter minus is a type of construction aggregate that is usually made from crushed basalt from which the crushed rock product is not any bigger than 1/4" in diameter. The quarter minus rock size can consist of rock in diameter as big as 1/4" in size and "fines". Any aggregate with the name "minus" can contain up to 80% fines. Quarter minus is mostly used as filler aggregate for bigger aggregate, empty space between two different sized aggregate, vehicle parking grade, and landscape surfaces. A positive of using quarter minus as a landscape aggregate is that it does not provide a home for pests and does not decompose like other landscape aggregates like wood-chips, for example.

text:
# Quarter minus

**Quarter minus** is a type of construction aggregate that is usually made from crushed basalt (but can be made of other rock types) from which the crushed rock product is not any bigger than 1/4" in diameter. The quarter minus rock size can consist of rock in diameter as big as 1/4" in size and "fines" (anything smaller than the maximum allowable rock size (which in this case is 1/4), even as small as stone dust). Any aggregate with the name "minus" can contain up to 80% fines. Quarter minus is mostly used as filler aggregate for bigger aggregate, empty space between two different sized aggregate, vehicle parking grade, and landscape surfaces. A positive of using quarter minus as a landscape aggregate is that it does not provide a home for pests and does not decompose like other landscape aggregates like wood-chips, for example.


title: Pelargonium pulchellum

abstract: Pelargonium pulchellum, known as the Nonesuch pelargonium, is a member of the family Geraniaceae found in the Northern Cape province of South Africa.

text:
# Pelargonium pulchellum

***Pelargonium pulchellum***, known as the **Nonesuch pelargonium**, is a member of the family Geraniaceae found in the Northern Cape province of South Africa.

## InfoBox

| *Pelargonium pulchellum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| An illustration of *P. pulchellum* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Geraniales |
| Family: | Geraniaceae |
| Genus: | *Pelargonium* |
| Species: | ***P. pulchellum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pelargonium pulchellum***<br>Sims | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |