title: Order-8 square tiling

abstract: In geometry, the order-8 square tiling is a regular tiling of the hyperbolic plane. It has Schläfli symbol of {4,8}.

text:
# Order-8 square tiling

| Order-8 square tiling | |
| --- | --- |
|
Poincaré disk model of the hyperbolic plane | |
| Type | Hyperbolic regular tiling |
| Vertex configuration | 48 |
| Schläfli symbol | {4,8} |
| Wythoff symbol | 8 | 4 2 |
| Coxeter diagram |  |
| Symmetry group | \[8,4\], (\*842) |
| Dual | Order-4 octagonal tiling |
| Properties | Vertex-transitive, edge-transitive, face-transitive |

In geometry, the **order-8 square tiling** is a regular tiling of the hyperbolic plane. It has Schläfli symbol of {4,8}.

## Symmetry

This tiling represents a hyperbolic kaleidoscope of 4 mirrors meeting as edges of a square, with eight squares around every vertex. This symmetry by orbifold notation is called (\*4444) with 4 order-4 mirror intersections. In Coxeter notation can be represented as \[1+,8,8,1+\], (\*4444 orbifold) removing two of three mirrors (passing through the square center) in the \[8,8\] symmetry. The \*4444 symmetry can be doubled by bisecting the fundamental domain (square) by a mirror, creating \*884 symmetry.

This bicolored square tiling shows the even/odd reflective fundamental square domains of this symmetry. This bicolored tiling has a wythoff construction (4,4,4), or {4\[3\]}, :

|  |  |
| --- | --- |

This tiling is topologically related as a part of sequence of regular polyhedra and tilings with vertex figure (4n).

| **n*42 symmetry mutation of regular tilings: {4,*n*} | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Spherical | Euclidean | Compact hyperbolic | | | | Paracompact |
|
{4,3}
 |
{4,4}
 |
{4,5}
 |
{4,6}
 |
{4,7}
 |
{4,8}...
 |
{4,}
 |

| Uniform octagonal/square tilings | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| \[8,4\], (\*842)
(with \[8,8\] (\*882), \[(4,4,4)\] (\*444) , \[,4,\] (\*4222) index 2 subsymmetries)
(And \[(,4,,4)\] (\*4242) index 4 subsymmetry) | | | | | | |
|
=

=
= |
= |
=
=

= |

= |

=
= |

= |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| {8,4} | t{8,4}
 | r{8,4} | 2t{8,4}=t{4,8} | 2r{8,4}={4,8} | rr{8,4} | tr{8,4} |
| Uniform duals | | | | | | |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| V84 | V4.16.16 | V(4.8)2 | V8.8.8 | V48 | V4.4.4.8 | V4.8.16 |
| Alternations | | | | | | |
| \[1+,8,4\]
(\*444) | \[8+,4\]
(8\*2) | \[8,1+,4\]
(\*4222) | \[8,4+\]
(4\*4) | \[8,4,1+\]
(\*882) | \[(8,4,2+)\]
(2\*42) | \[8,4\]+
(842) |
|
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| h{8,4} | s{8,4} | hr{8,4} | s{4,8} | h{4,8} | hrr{8,4} | sr{8,4} |
| Alternation duals | | | | | | |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| V(4.4)4 | V3.(3.8)2 | V(4.4.4)2 | V(3.4)3 | V88 | V4.44 | V3.3.4.3.8 |

| Uniform (4,4,4) tilings | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Symmetry: \[(4,4,4)\], (\*444) | | | | | | | \[(4,4,4)\]+
(444) | \[(1+,4,4,4)\]
(\*4242) | \[(4+,4,4)\]
(4\*22) |
|
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| t0(4,4,4)
h{8,4} | t0,1(4,4,4)
h2{8,4} | t1(4,4,4)
{4,8}1/2 | t1,2(4,4,4)
h2{8,4} | t2(4,4,4)
h{8,4} | t0,2(4,4,4)
r{4,8}1/2 | t0,1,2(4,4,4)
t{4,8}1/2 | s(4,4,4)
s{4,8}1/2 | h(4,4,4)
h{4,8}1/2 | hr(4,4,4)
hr{4,8}1/2 |
| Uniform duals | | | | | | | | | |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| V(4.4)4 | V4.8.4.8 | V(4.4)4 | V4.8.4.8 | V(4.4)4 | V4.8.4.8 | V8.8.8 | V3.4.3.4.3.4 | V88 | V(4,4)3 |

* John H. Conway, Heidi Burgiel, Chaim Goodman-Strauss, *The Symmetries of Things* 2008, ISBN 978-1-56881-220-5 (Chapter 19, The Hyperbolic Archimedean Tessellations)
* "Chapter 10: Regular honeycombs in hyperbolic space". *The Beauty of Geometry: Twelve Essays*. Dover Publications. 1999. ISBN 0-486-40919-8. LCCN 99035678.


title: Ornithoteuthis volatilis

abstract: Ornithoteuthis volatilis, the shiny bird squid, is a squid from the subfamily Ommastrephinae, the flying squids, of the family Ommastrephidae part of the pelagic squid order Oegopsida. It is a tropical and sub-tropical species which is widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific oceans. It is slightly larger than the closely related species Ornithoteuthis antillarum of the Atlantic Ocean.

text:
# Ornithoteuthis volatilis

***Ornithoteuthis volatilis***, the **shiny bird squid**, is a squid from the subfamily Ommastrephinae, the flying squids, of the family Ommastrephidae part of the pelagic squid order Oegopsida. It is a tropical and sub-tropical species which is widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific oceans. It is slightly larger than the closely related species *Ornithoteuthis antillarum* of the Atlantic Ocean.

## Description

*Ornithoteuthis volatilis* has a broad head and it has a very narrow muscular mantle which tapers into a long pointed tail, the head is markedly wider than the mantle. It has long fins which are arrow-shaped and sharply lanceolate towards the tail with the rear edges of the fins being concave. The length of the fins is equal to approximately 55% of the mantle length and the fin width is circa 47% of the mantle length. The first to third arms have at least 50 suckers each while each fourth arm has 75, with the suckers on the second and third arms being larger than those on the first and fourth arms. The suckers near the base have severely closely set teeth, of which the middle 1-3 are much more slender and sharply pointed. The largest suckers have 10-14 teeth all of which are sharply pointed and closely set, with long teeth and short teeth set alternately and with the 2 or 3 lowest (i.e. ventral) on either side being the widest and being obliquely pointed. The suckers towards the tip have less than 7 teeth which are separated, slender triangular and sharply pointed except ventral-most on either side which has a wider and less quadrangular shape.

Males have a hectocotylus on the fourth right arm. The basal two thirds of this arm have 14 large, basal suckers followed by 20 reduced suckers with the ventral series is much reduced and some of these suckers are not true suckers but have a nipple like form. The outer third of the arm has 25 pairs of suckers which have their bases swollen into transverse, membranous papillae. These are closely set in two series, the ventral series is comb-like with much smaller rudimentary suckers on tips of papillae, separated by a membranous ridge along middle line. The dorsal protective membrane is absent from the tip of the arm while on the ventral side the protective membrane is normal in basal third of the arm then it broadens and becomes very thick. There is a "honeycomb region" which has 14 pores and a number of grooves and ridges. The pores are arranged in longitudinal series, each having two grooves across them which extend towards the membrane margin, the ridges lie opposite the grooves and connect with one another, where they are edged with numerous small, roundish depressions.

The tentacular clubs are around half of the length of the tentacles, they have 12 suckers in the carpal region each of which has 8–12 conical teeth set on its distal margin with more closely set, broader, more triangular and more oblique teeth set on the proximal margin. The manus has four series of suckers each with 7-9 suckers of which the central two series are much larger; the largest being around 3 times larger than the marginal suckers. These large suckers are wide and deep while the other club suckers are broader than they are deep. The inner margin of the large manus suckers is completely toothed with sharply pointed, slightly curved teeth which alternate with small, plate-like, semicircular teeth, although these teeth are almost absent in the largest suckers. The rings of the suckers on the margins of the club and the dactylus have the sharp, pointed teeth on the proximal margin but these are broader, oblique, triangular and more closely set than similar teeth in the large suckers, the teeth on the distal margin are slender, conical and separated. There are four series of suckers on the dactylus arranged in 27 transverse rows with the dorsal suckers being smaller than those in more ventral sitings. There is a carpal locking apparatus which has 1 or 2 low knobs, no smooth-ringed suckers; this apparatus is rather indistinct in some individuals.

Photophores are distributed in a similar way to *O. antillarum*, i.e. there are three visceral photophores, an oval, anal photophore, a posterior intestinal photophore and an elongated posterior visceral photophore which forms a strip of pinkish bioluminescent tissue extending from the small photophore to the posterior tip of the mantle cavity. The maximnmim reported size is 250mm mantle length for females and 310mm for males.

## Distribution

*Ornithoteuthis volatilis* is found in the tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific. Its latitudinal range in the western Pacific lies between 36°N to 38°S and it extends as far east as the Line Islands, while in the Indian Ocean it ranges from the Arabian Sea south to Madagascar and east to the Timor Sea, south to the waters off eastern Australia. It has been recorded in the Atlantic Ocean off Namibia.

## Habitat and biology

*Ornithoteuthis volatilis* inhabits tropical slopes and oceanic waters where the adults range from the surface waters at night to moderate depths. They occur near the botton in the bathyal zone but in midwater above the continental slope and above sea mounts and ridges. The paralarvae and juveniles can also be found in midwater above great depths at the equator.

It has very small eggs less than 1mm in diameter and spawning is intermittent with several egg masses laid over an extended period. The spermatophores of mature males have a length equivalent to 10.3% of mantle length and the number of spermatophores is around 100 as the male matures the volume of the Needham's sac and of the seminal reservoirs of the spermatophores increases. *O. volatilis* is a nerito-oceanic species which lives near or over slopes; the non adults are found in midwater in the epipelagic and mesopelagic zones above the tops and slopes of sea mounts and midocean ridges as well as over the continental slopes and oceanic depths. They spawn near the sea bed near sea mounts and mid ocean ridges, and they may make long migrations to these areas. off eastern Australia spawning takes place in the deeper shelf and upper continental slope waters that sit within the warm East Australian Current which originates in the tropics, the size distribution of paralarvae and adults suggests that spawning in occurs throughout the year in this area. In the northern South China Sea spawning runs is from June through to October. In the western North Pacific Ocean this species spawns in the summer and its paralarvae are found in the Kuroshio Current off Japan.

*O. volatilis* is an actively browsing predator which preys on many different, relatively small animals. Its predators include numerous species of tropical and subtropical pelagic fish such as yellowfin tuna (*Thunnus albacares*), longnose lancetfish (*Alepisaurus ferox*), dolphinfish (*Coryphaena hyppurus*) and swordfish (*Xiphias gladius*). Sperm whales hunt this species extensively and it is heavily preyed on by the South African fur seal (*Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus*). It is also an important food item for several shark species including the tiger shark (*Galeocerdo cuvier*), the scalloped hammerhead shark (*Sphyrna lewini*) and the smooth hammerhead shark (*Sphyrna zygaena*). They are capable of short glides in a similar manner to flying fish.

## InfoBox

| *Ornithoteuthis volatilis* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Cephalopoda |
| Order: | Oegopsida |
| Family: | Ommastrephidae |
| Subfamily: | Ommastrephinae |
| Genus: | *Ornithoteuthis* |
| Species: | ***O. volatilis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ornithoteuthis volatilis***
(Sasaki, 1915) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Ommastrephes volatilis* Sasaki, 1915 | |


title: Ornithotarnocia

abstract: Ornithotarnocia is a Mesozoic bird ichnogenus. It is similar to the ichnogenus Aquatilavipes, but has a thicker digit III impression and is more asymmetrical.

text:
# Ornithotarnocia

***Ornithotarnocia*** is a Mesozoic bird ichnogenus. It is similar to the ichnogenus *Aquatilavipes*, but has a thicker digit III impression and is more asymmetrical.

## Footnotes

* McCrea, R. T. and W. A S. Sarjeant. 2001. New ichnotaxa of bird and mammal footprints from the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) Gates Formation of Alberta; pp. 453–478 in D. H. Tanke, and K. Carpenter, (eds.), Mesozoic Vertebrate Life. Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis.

## InfoBox

| *Ornithotarnocia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Trace fossil classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Ichnofamily: | Avipedidae |
| Ichnogenus: | *Ornithotarnocia*<br>Kordos, 1985 |
|


title: Ortrun Landmann

abstract: Ortrun Landmann is a German musicologist.

text:
# Ortrun Landmann

**Ortrun Landmann** (born 11 May 1937) is a German musicologist.

## Life

Landmann was born as daughter of the aircraft designer and university teacher Hermann Landmann in Szczecin. After her studies and doctorate at the University of Rostock she was a research assistant to the conductors Otmar Suitner and Herbert Blomstedt as well as to the music department of the Saxon State and University Library Dresden. From 1987 until her retirement, she was head of the Répertoire International des Sources Musicales department at the State Library Dresden.

The focus of her historical musicology work is the music at the Electorate of Saxony court in Dresden and the work of the Staatskapelle Dresden.

## Work

* *Die Dresdener italienische Oper zwischen Hasse und Weber : ein Daten- und Quellenverzeichnis für die Jahre 1765-1817*.
* *Über das Musikerbe der Sächsischen Staatskapelle* (2009, Volltext, 2. Ausgabe, 2010, Volltext).
* *Zu den Dresdner Hofnotisten des 18. Jahrhunderts. Sieben Thesen und ein Anhang* (2014, Volltext).
* *Das Dresdner Opernarchiv in der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek – Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden*. CD-ROM-Katalog mit Begleitband, published by the SLUB and the RISM-Arbeitsgruppe Deutschland, Munich 2002.
* *Katalog der Dresdener Hasse-Musikhandschriften*. CD-ROM edition with booklet, published by the RISM-Arbeitsgruppe Deutschland, Munich 1999.
* *Die Telemann-Quellen der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek. Handschriften und zeitgenössische Druckausgaben seiner Werke*. *Studien zur Musikgeschichte Dresdens*. issue 4, Dresden 1983.
* *Die Dresdener italienische Oper zwischen Hasse und Weber. Ein Daten- und Quellenverzeichnis*. *Studien und Materialien zur Musikgeschichte Dresdens*, issue 2, Dresden 1976.
* *Quellenstudien zum Intermezzo comico per musica und zu seiner Geschichte in Dresden*. Phil. Dissertation, Rostock 1972.


title: Orthophytum

abstract: Orthophytum is a genus in the plant family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae.

text:
# Orthophytum

***Orthophytum*** (Greek "ortho" = straight and "phytum" = plant) is a genus in the plant family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae.

## Distribution

All the species of the bromeliad genus are endemic to the Atlantic Forest biome (*Mata Atlantica Brasileira*), located in southeast Brazil.

Species are found in the Brazilian states of Alagoas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Paraíba, and/or Pernambuco.

Due to recent advances in technology and DNA testing many of the original *Orthophytum* species and cultivars have been reclassified under new genera.

## Species

As of November 2022, Plants of the World Online accepted the following species:

### Transferred

Species transferred to other genera include:

## Selected cultivars and hybrids

Cultivars and hybrids cultivated as ornamental plants include:

* *Orthophytum* 'Andrea'
* *Orthophytum* 'Blaze'
* *Orthophytum* 'Brunswick'
* *Orthophytum* 'Clouds'
* *Orthophytum* 'Copper Penny'
* *Orthophytum* 'Donna Shaw'
* *Orthophytum* 'Iron Ore'
* *Orthophytum* 'Ivory Tower'
* *Orthophytum* 'Milagres'
* *Orthophytum* 'Mother Lode'
* *Orthophytum* 'Stardust'
* *Orthophytum* 'Starlights'
* *Orthophytum* 'Stellar Beauty'
* *Orthophytum* 'Warana'
* *Orthophytum* 'Warren Loose'

## InfoBox

| *Orthophytum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Orthophytum sanctum* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Bromeliaceae |
| Subfamily: | Bromelioideae |
| Genus: | *Orthophytum*<br>Beer |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Prantleia* Mez * *Cryptanthopsis* Ule | |


title: Ortalis comperei

abstract: Ortalis comperei is a species of ulidiid or picture-winged fly in the genus Ortalis of the family Ulidiidae.

text:
# Ortalis comperei

***Ortalis comperei*** is a species of ulidiid or picture-winged fly in the genus *Ortalis* of the family Ulidiidae.

## InfoBox

| *Ortalis comperei* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Section: | Schizophora |
| Subsection: | Acalyptratae |
| Superfamily: | Tephritoidea |
| Family: | Ulidiidae |
| Genus: | *Ortalis* |
| Species: | ***O. comperei*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ortalis comperei***<br> | |
|


title: Ortalis complens

abstract: Ortalis complens is a species of ulidiid or picture-winged fly in the genus Ortalis of the family Ulidiidae.

text:
# Ortalis complens

***Ortalis complens*** is a species of ulidiid or picture-winged fly in the genus *Ortalis* of the family Ulidiidae.

## InfoBox

| *Ortalis complens* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Section: | Schizophora |
| Subsection: | Acalyptratae |
| Superfamily: | Tephritoidea |
| Family: | Ulidiidae |
| Genus: | *Ortalis* |
| Species: | ***O. complens*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ortalis complens***<br> | |
|


title: Oru Pennum Randaanum

abstract: Oru Pennum Randaanum is a 2008 Malayalam feature film written and directed by Adoor Gopalakrishnan. The film has four separate chapters, each based on independent short stories written by Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai. The film is about four crimes of different nature that happen in different contexts and situations. The setting is the Princely State of Travancore, South India in the 1940s. The Second World War being fought in Europe at that time had terrible impact on the colonial British India with increasing scarcity of basic commodities and rising unemployment. The stories in this film span from crimes committed by the deprived to the comparatively privileged landed gentry.

text:
# Oru Pennum Randaanum

***Oru Pennum Randaanum*** (Translation: *A Woman and Two Men*) is a 2008 Malayalam feature film written and directed by Adoor Gopalakrishnan.

The film has four separate chapters, each based on independent short stories written by Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai. The film is about four crimes of different nature that happen in different contexts and situations. The setting is the Princely State of Travancore, South India in the 1940s. The Second World War being fought in Europe at that time had terrible impact on the colonial British India with increasing scarcity of basic commodities and rising unemployment. The stories in this film span from crimes committed by the deprived to the comparatively privileged landed gentry.

## Plot

The four chapters of the film tell stories, which are independent of each other. The only connection between them is the recurring theme of crime. With the flow of the movie, there is an increase in the complexity of the crimes.

***Kallante Makan*** (*The son of the thief*)

Kunjunni is the school going son of the thief, Neelantan. He enters into a fight with his classmate, Kurien, over the profession of his father. Neelantan approaches Kurien's father, Mathai, and urges him to leave the children alone from such prejudices. Mathai is offended by this and in retaliation prepares a petition to the police chief demanding preventive custody of Neelantan. Upon Neelantan's arrest, Kunjunni persuades his mother to talk him out of his profession. Two years later, Kunjunni comes home with the news that Kurien's house has been burgled. A heartbroken Kunjunni realizes the truth about the burglary when he sees the full meal and new clothes at his home.

***Niyamavum Neethiyum*** (*Law and justice*)

The new police Inspector is upright and decides to probe the 'unsolved' case of a theft in a merchant's shop. It is rumoured that the Head Constable Pillai had a liaison with the culprit and they shared the loot. Upon the Inspector's order, Pillai and his fellow-constable Mathu set out to solve the case. Though Mathu suggests to re-arrest the culprit, Pillai vacillates. While discussing this issue in a local bar, Mathu spots a moment of opportunity when he notices a rickshaw-puller opening an envelope of currency notes. Before the innocent victim comes to terms with the situation, he is arrested for the burglary. He is threatened that if he proceeds to defend himself or appeal, he will lose all his savings. The poor victim has hardly a choice.

***Oru Koottukaran*** (*One male friend* )

Krishnankutty is a college student nurturing an infatuation for the servant girl at the lodge. The relationship takes a turn when the girl starts showing symptoms of pregnancy. Krishnan Kutty is heartbroken by this new development, as he is under obligation to marry the daughter of his uncle. Pushed to make a choice between suicide and abortion, he seeks help from his friend, a lawyer. Together they seek out a quack who performs abortions. But the meeting with the quack stirs new feelings in Krishnan Kutty and he gets prepared to face the challenge in his life.

***Pankiyamma*** (*Pankiyamma)*

Panki is the village beauty. Rama Kurup, a middle aged man, forsakes everything to marry her. One night, his suspicion is confirmed when he finds her with a paramour. In the scuffle that follows, Kurup stabs his younger adversary. He goes into hiding as a case is registered against him for attempted murder. As time passes after an intense police investigation, a humiliated Kurup returns home on bail. As the case proceeds in the court of law, supporters of the two sides clash on the streets. Panki, remains non-committal even after being urged by both men to take their side. Both the men are sentenced to three years rigorous imprisonment for inciting murder and violence among their followers. In prison, the two men end their enmity and decide to confront Panki together, on their release.

## Cast

***Kallante Makan*** (*The Thief*)

* M. R. Gopakumar as Neelantan, the thief
* Seema G. Nair as Neelantan's wife
* Master Amal Jose as Neelantan's son
* Indrans as Mathai, the neighbour
* KPAC Leela as Maria, Mathai's wife
* Master Brolin Thomas as Mathai's son
* Mukkottu Gopalakrishnan as Head master
* Arya Alphonse as School teacher
* Gopan as Police Constable
* Padmanabha Panicker as Police Constable

***Niyamavum Neethiyum*** (*The Police*)

* Nedumudi Venu as Maathu – Police constable
* Jagannathan as Kuttan Pillai – the head constable
* Vijayaraghavan as Police Inspector
* Krishnakumar as The rikshaw- puller
* James Mukalel as Bar-tender
* P.Sreekumar as The Magistrate
* Prof. Aliyar as Bench-clerk
* Priyanka as Witness
* Anup as Witness
* Padmanabha Panicker as Witness
* Ambootty as Inmate
* Vakkom Mohan as Pleader

***Oru Koottukaran*** (*Two Men and a Woman*)

* Sudheesh as Krishnankutty – the student
* Jagadeesh as Advocate – his senior friend
* P.C. Soman as The Quack
* Anup as Boat-man
* Nandan as Advocate's relative

***Pankiyamma*** (*One Woman, Two Men*)

## Production

The project to make films on Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai's stories came when Doordarshan in their Timeless Classics series wanted to compile works of writers in different languages who have produced classic literature. This movie was filmed just after the previous film of Adoor- Naalu Pennungal, which was the first film to be part of the project. Both the films have a four-chapter-structure based on independent short stories by Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai. Both the films also share the same geographical and temporal setting.

The director made the following statement about the movie in his official website – "The four chapters of the film tell stories independent of each other. What connects them is the recurring theme of crime. Starting from simple, parable like tales about ordinary people, the narrative slowly takes on questions of love, loyalty and morality leading to complex issues of life. It culminates in the story of the contemporary legend of Panki, the irresistible village beauty who lives naturally. Unlike in my earlier films, here I have used dialogue predominantly to comment, endorse or simply report on the course of the plot to lend the story a narrative form akin to that of the epics where reportage plays a major role in making the experience larger- than- life."

## Reception

The films was premiered in the International Film Festival of India, Goa, 2008.

The film has also been exhibited so far in

The official website for the International Film Festival Rotterdam lauded the movie saying that "\[e\]ach story echoes the burden of time and place, yet is universal." It also adds that "\[a\]lthough this never-ending search for a better life, human dignity and love is seriously rendered, it still radiates the romantic idea of human endurance, hope, guilt and a sense of justice. That makes this rather calm and lyrical film, which is obviously deeply culturally rooted, universal."

## Awards

The film won the Kerala State Film Awards for 2008 for best feature film, director, scenarist, second best female actor (Praveena) and sound recording (T. Krishnanunni and Harikumar).

## InfoBox

| Oru Pennum Randaanum (A Woman and Two Men) | |
| --- | --- |
| DVD Cover | |
| Directed by | Adoor Gopalakrishnan |
| Written by | Adoor Gopalakrishnan based on the short stories of Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai |
| Produced by | Adoor Gopalakrishnan Productions
Benzy Martin
Doordarshan |
| Starring | M. R. Gopakumar
Seema G. Nair
Nedumudi Venu
Jagannathan
Vijayaraghavan
Sudheesh
Jagadeesh
Praveena
Ravi Vallathol
Manoj K. Jayan |
| Cinematography | M. J. Radhakrishnan |
| Edited by | B. Ajithkumar |
| Music by | Isaac Thomas |
| Release date | * 2008 (2008) |
| Running time | 115 minutes |
| Language | Malayalam |


title: Oru Penninte Katha

abstract: Oru Penninte Katha is a Malayalam language film, released in 1971. It was written by E. Moses, directed by K. S. Sethumadhavan and produced by K. S. R Murthi. The film stars Sathyan and Sheela in lead roles along with K. P. Ummer, N. Govindan Kutty and Adoor Bhasi in supporting roles. The film has a musical score by G. Devarajan and cinematography was done by Melly Irani. The film revolves around Savitri (Sheela), the daughter of a plantation worker and her revenge against Madhavan Thampi (Sathyan), who arrests her lover under false charges and rapes her. The film takes some plot elements from the Hollywood film The Visit (1964). Some subplots of the film is used in another 2012 Malayalam film, Mr. Marumakan. The film was released on 22 January 1971.

text:
# Oru Penninte Katha

***Oru Penninte Katha*** (A Women's Story) is a Malayalam language film, released in 1971. It was written by E. Moses, directed by K. S. Sethumadhavan and produced by K. S. R Murthi. The film stars Sathyan and Sheela in lead roles along with K. P. Ummer, N. Govindan Kutty and Adoor Bhasi in supporting roles. The film has a musical score by G. Devarajan and cinematography was done by Melly Irani.

The film revolves around Savitri (Sheela), the daughter of a plantation worker and her revenge against Madhavan Thampi (Sathyan), who arrests her lover under false charges and rapes her. The film takes some plot elements from the Hollywood film *The Visit* (1964). Some subplots of the film is used in another 2012 Malayalam film, Mr. Marumakan.

The film was released on 22 January 1971.

## Plot

Savithri is the only daughter of Govindan, who is employed in the tea estates owned by Madhavan Thampi. One day Madhavan Thampi spots Savithri singing near the stream and is attracted towards her. Raghavan is the local leader of the laborers. Rajan, another leader of the estate workers is involved in a criminal case framed against him by the estate owners and the police is in search of him. Rajan gets refuge in Savithri's house through Raghavan. Love blooms between Savithri and Rajan. One day Madhavan Thampi happens to see Rajan in his hideout. Savithri fears that Thampi may report it to the police. Her friend Thankamma advises her to approach Thampi and plead with him to not report to the police. Accordingly, Savithri reaches Thampi's bungalow and is raped by him. Thampi then informs the police and Rajan is arrested.

Savithri becomes pregnant, but Thampi disowns her. Govindan commits suicide and the helpless Savithri leaves town after giving birth to a child whom she leaves in the hospital. Thampi marries Subhadra and they live happily with their daughter Sreedevi. Mismanagement of the business by Thampi results in huge losses. Thampi's estate and property is bought by a rich woman, Gayathri Devi, who comes from Bombay. Thampi contests the Assembly elections and loses. Raghavan, who is a nominee of Gayathri Devi, wins.

Gayathri Devi repays Thampi's debts too and she files a suit against Thampi for recovery of money she paid to clear his debts. Thampi's house is about to be attached when Subhadra approaches Gayathri Devi with a request to wait till their daughter gets married.

Gayathri Devi narrates to Subhadra the reason behind her actions. Gayathri Devi is none other than Savithri, the daughter of Thampi's poor servant Govindan, who was abandoned by him mercilessly. After abandoning her newborn baby, Savitri became a prostitute and finally inherits a huge amount of wealth from a benefactor in Bombay.

Thampi writes a letter to Gayathri Devi, in which he tells Sreedevi that it is her own daughter whom he adopted from the hospital. Gayathri Devi transfers all her wealth into Sreedevi's name, but Sreedevi refuses to accept it and Gayathri Devi returns to Bombay.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by G. Devarajan with lyrics by Vayalar Ramavarma.

| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics | Length (m:ss) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Kaadezhu Kadalezhu" | P. Jayachandran, P. Madhuri, Chorus | Vayalar Ramavarma |  |
| 2 | "Maanavum Bhoomiyum" | P. Leela | Vayalar Ramavarma |  |
| 3 | "Poonthenaruvi" | P. Susheela | Vayalar Ramavarma |  |
| 4 | "Sooryagrahanam" | K. J. Yesudas | Vayalar Ramavarma |  |
| 5 | "Sraavana Chandrika" | P. Susheela | Vayalar Ramavarma |  |

## InfoBox

| Oru Penninte Katha | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | K. S. Sethumadhavan |
| Written by | E. Moses |
| Produced by | K. S. R Murthi |
| Starring | Sathyan
Sheela
K. P. Ummer
N. Govindan Kutty
Adoor Bhasi
T. R. Omana |
| Narrated by | Sathyan |
| Cinematography | Melly Irani |
| Edited by | Shrinivasalu |
| Music by | G. Devarajan |
| Distributed by | Chithranjali |
| Release date | * 22 January 1971 (1971-01-22) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Malayalam |


title: Osinja

abstract: Osinja is a village in the municipality of Derventa, Republika Srpska. According to the last census (2013), the population of the village was 1407.

text:
# Osinja

**Osinja** (Serbian Cyrillic: Осиња) is a village in the municipality of Derventa, Republika Srpska.

According to the last census (2013), the population of the village was 1407.

## Geography

The village of Osinja is situated in a triangle of 3 towns: Derventa, Doboj and Prnjavor. Neighboring villages to Osinja are Pojezna, Crnča, Cerani, Velika Sočanica, Cvrtkovci and Jelanjska. In south of the village is the river Ilova which represents the border of municipalities Derventa and Stanari.

## Economy

Many inhabitants are farmers; others work in school, ambulance, post office and in shops and cafes. Many of them also work in the municipality center of Derventa, and many of them are on temporary work abroad. This and other neighboring villages were historically underdeveloped due to distance from towns. The center of the village has a school, post office, ambulance, infirmary, in addition to some shops and cafes. Recently a highway connecting Banja Luka and Doboj was built, and it partially passes Osinja. There are plans to build a highway loop in this village to connect the municipalities of Derventa and Stanari.

## Culture and Religion

In this village there is an elementary school with about 300 students. Most of the inhabitants are Orthodox Christians, and there is Serbian orthodox church of St. Panteleimon near center of Osinja.

## Demography

In recent decades the population of Osinja has decreased due to economic reasons. Many inhabitants moved to municipality center Derventa, but also to Austria, Germany, Italy, Slovenia and other European countries.

| **Village Population** | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| Year | Serbs | % | Bosniaks | % | Croats | % | Yugoslavs | % | Others | % | Total |
| 1971 | 2,009 | 98,43% | 2 | 0,09% | 4 | 0,19% | 19 | 0,93% | 7 | 0.34% | 2,041 |
| 1981 | 2,027 | 98,25% | 1 | 0,04% | 10 | 0,48% | 18 | 0,87% | 7 | 0.33% | 2,063 |
| 1991 | 1,853 | 98.04% |  |  | 3 | 0,15% | 30 | 1,58% | 4 | 0.21% | 1,890 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## People from Osinja

44°50′20″N 17°52′36″E / 44.83889°N 17.87667°E / 44.83889; 17.87667

## InfoBox

| Osinja Осиња | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Osinja's logo | |
| Osinja | |
| Coordinates: 44°50′20″N 17°52′36″E / 44.83889°N 17.87667°E / 44.83889; 17.87667 | |
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity | Republika Srpska |
| Municipality | Derventa |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Osaka Municipal Subway Line 9

abstract: Osaka Municipal Subway Line 9 is a planned, but as-yet unbuilt, rapid transit line that would run from Suminoekōen in Suminoe-ku to Kire-Uriwari in Hirano-ku within the city of Osaka. While no timetable has been announced for its construction, it has the provisional name "Shikitsu-Nagayoshi Line" (敷津長吉線).

text:
# Osaka Municipal Subway Line 9

**Osaka Municipal Subway Line 9** (大阪市営地下鉄9号線, *Ōsaka Shiei Chikatetsu Kyū-gō-sen*) is a planned, but as-yet unbuilt, rapid transit line that would run from Suminoekōen in Suminoe-ku to Kire-Uriwari in Hirano-ku within the city of Osaka. While no timetable has been announced for its construction, it has the provisional name "**Shikitsu-Nagayoshi Line**" (敷津長吉線).

## Overview

Of the nine planned subway lines in Osaka subway, this is the only one that has not yet started any construction. If it is constructed as planned, it would be the only other subway line apart from the Imazatosuji Line to pass completely outside the Osaka Loop Line.

Line 9's planned route is in the southern part of Osaka city (specifically, Suminoe-ku, Sumiyoshi-ku, Higashisumiyoshi-ku, and Hirano-ku). Despite the high volume of road traffic, it has relatively inconvenient east-west mass transit compared to other parts of Osaka: most buses divert from the route at Sentai or Nagai, requiring several transfers to go any significant distance. As a result, the construction of this line has long been the hope of area residents.

Apart from its planned route (under Nagaikōen-dōri) and connecting stations already existing (or planned) on other lines, relatively little is set in stone. An automated guideway transit system (effectively an extension of the Nankō Port Town Line) was initially suggested, but space considerations mean that the line, if built, will likely be a more traditional underground railway utilizing narrow cross-section, linear motor-powered trains like those on the Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line and Imazatosuji Line.

## Construction prospects

In the 10th report of the Transport Policy Committee in 1989, it was listed as a "route to be considered for future construction" (今後整備を検討すべき路線), but it was not included in the list of "mid-long-term prospective new lines to build out the railway network" (中長期的に望まれる鉄道ネットワークを構成する新たな路線) in the October 2004 report of the Kinki Regional Transport Committee.

With both Osaka and its Municipal Transportation Bureau being in the middle of a very tight financial situation, the planned southern extension of the Imazatosuji Line has been postponed indefinitely; under these conditions, it seems unlikely that another line passing completely outside the city center, without any major passenger draw along its route, and with little foreseeable demand outside of morning and evening rush hour, will stand much chance of completion in the near-term. Even in the planning stages, it was not anticipated to become profitable. Because of these factors, it has only been planned in broad strokes, and debate about its finer details has yet to occur. Furthermore, as the Municipal Transportation Bureau was privatized in 2017, it is possible that its ultimate fate will be decided by Osaka Rapid Electric Tramway, K.K. (known as Osaka Metro).

## Planned connections

The line would also pass under the Nankai Main Line, Hankai Tramway Hankai Line, Nankai Kōya Line, and Kintetsu Minami Osaka Line, but these lines do not have a station adjoining the route along Nagaikōen-dōri.


title: Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau

abstract: One-Day Pass "Enjoy Eco Card" Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau was the public department of transportation of the city of Osaka, Japan that existed from 1903 to 2018. It operated the municipal subway lines, the New Tram, and the city buses that have replaced the remaining lines of the municipal tram network. On April 1, 2018, the bureau was split into two private companies: Osaka Rapid Electric Tramway K.K. and Osaka City Bus.

text:
# Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau

**Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau** (大阪市交通局, *Ōsaka-shi Kōtsū-kyoku*) was the public department of transportation of the city of Osaka, Japan that existed from 1903 to 2018. It operated the municipal subway lines, the New Tram, and the city buses that have replaced the remaining lines of the municipal tram network.

On April 1, 2018, the bureau was split into two private companies: Osaka Rapid Electric Tramway K.K. (known as Osaka Metro) and Osaka City Bus.

## Services provided

* Municipal trams: 1903–1969
* City trolleybuses: 1953–1970
* Municipal subway: 1933–2018 (8 lines; Surutto KANSAI Cards and IC cards (PiTaPa and ICOCA) accepted)
* City buses: 1927–2018 (103 regular bus routes, 29 red bus routes)

## Tickets

* One-Day Pass "Enjoy Eco Card" (エンジョイエコカード) (800 yen (600 yen on weekends, Japan's national holidays, obon, year-end and new year holidays) for adults, 300 yen for children) - Available on the printed date on subways, the New Tram and city buses.
* Multiple Ride Card (3,000 yen for adults, 1,500 yen for children) - Usage amounts are 3300 yen, the increase of 10%, and 1650 yen, respectively. When the balance changes to less than 200 yen, it can use up by putting this card and cash into a ticket vending machine, and purchasing a one-way ticket.
* Rainbow Card (500 yen, 1,000 yen, 2,000 yen, and 3,000 yen for adults, 500 yen and 1,000 yen for children) - Available on the rail lines and buses belonging to Surutto KANSAI. When the balance changes to less than 200 yen, it can use up by putting this card and cash into a ticket vending machine, and purchasing a one-way ticket.

## InfoBox

Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau
| 大阪市交通局<br>Ōsaka-shi Kōtsū-kyoku | |
| --- | --- |
| "Mio-den". All Osaka Metro train cars retain this logo. | |
| Former government agency of Osaka overview | |
| Formed | 12 September 1903 (1903-09-12) |
| Dissolved | 31 March 2018 (2018-03-31) |
| Superseding Former government agency of Osaka |  |
| Jurisdiction | Osaka |
| Headquarters | Nishi-ku, Osaka |
| Website | kotsu.city.osaka.lg.jp |


title: Orthetrum poecilops

abstract: Orthetrum poecilops is a species of dragonfly in the family Libellulidae. It is found in China and Hong Kong. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical mangrove forests and intertidal flats. It is threatened by habitat loss.

text:
# Orthetrum poecilops

***Orthetrum poecilops*** is a species of dragonfly in the family Libellulidae. It is found in China and Hong Kong. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical mangrove forests and intertidal flats. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| *Orthetrum poecilops* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Odonata |
| Infraorder: | Anisoptera |
| Family: | Libellulidae |
| Genus: | *Orthetrum* |
| Species: | ***O. poecilops*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Orthetrum poecilops***
Ris, 1919 | |
|


title: Orthetrum ransonnetii

abstract: Orthetrum ransonnetii, the desert skimmer or Ransonnet's skimmer, is a wide spread dragonfly species from Africa and the Middle East. It is an oasis species in Northern West Africa and found in desert mountain areas of Western Sahara, Sudan, Niger, Chad, Algeria, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Egypt. It is also found in Arabia, especially in United Arab Emirates and Oman very commonly in Wadis. In 2018 this species was identified from an image taken on the Canary Island of Fuerteventura Spain and as such a first sighting in Europe. It now breeds in several Barranco on the island.

text:
# Orthetrum ransonnetii

***Orthetrum ransonnetii***, the **desert skimmer** or **Ransonnet's skimmer**, is a wide spread dragonfly species from Africa and the Middle East.

It is an oasis species in Northern West Africa and found in desert mountain areas of Western Sahara, Sudan, Niger, Chad, Algeria, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Egypt. It is also found in Arabia, especially in United Arab Emirates and Oman very commonly in Wadis. In 2018 this species was identified from an image taken on the Canary Island of Fuerteventura Spain and as such a first sighting in Europe. It now breeds in several Barranco on the island .

## InfoBox

| *Orthetrum ransonnetii* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Orthetrum ransonnetii – male | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Odonata |
| Infraorder: | Anisoptera |
| Family: | Libellulidae |
| Genus: | *Orthetrum* |
| Species: | ***O. ransonnetii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Orthetrum ransonnetii***<br>(Brauer, 1865) | |
|


title: OrthoCor

abstract: OrthoCor Medical, Inc. is a privately owned medical device company based in Arden Hills, Minnesota. Founded in 2007, OrthoCor develops drug-free, noninvasive, mobile medical devices aimed at alleviating pain and reducing edema.

text:
# OrthoCor

**OrthoCor Medical, Inc**. is a privately owned medical device company based in Arden Hills, Minnesota. Founded in 2007, OrthoCor develops drug-free, noninvasive, mobile medical devices aimed at alleviating pain and reducing edema.

## History

The company initially worked to address the untapped market between analgesics and joint replacement surgery. In 2009, OrthoCor received Class III clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the Active System.

## Product

In August 2010, the company introduced the OrthoCor Active System, a Class III medical device, following approval from the FDA. The OrthoCor Active System is indicated for adjunctive use in the palliative treatment of post-operative pain and edema in superficial soft tissue.

## Awards

In 2012, OrthoCor was named the winner of The Minnesota Cup At the 9th Annual LifeScience Alley Expo event, OrthoCor was a winner of the New Technology Show Case sponsored by Boston Scientific.

## InfoBox

OrthoCor Medical, Inc.
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Medical Technology |
| Headquarters | Arden Hills, Minnesota |
| Key people | Fariborz Boor Boor |
| Products | OrthoCor Active System |
| Website | www.orthocormedical.com |


title: Orthogonius acutangulus

abstract: Orthogonius Acutangulus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Orthogoniinae. It was described by Maximilien Chaudoir in 1878.

text:
# Orthogonius acutangulus

***Orthogonius Acutangulus*** is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Orthogoniinae. It was described by Maximilien Chaudoir in 1878.

## InfoBox

| Orthogonius acutangulus | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Orthogonius* |
| Species: | ***O. Acutangulus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Orthogonius Acutangulus***<br>Chaudoir, 1878 | |
|


title: Ossó de Sió

abstract: Ossó de Sió is a village in the province of Lleida and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain.

text:
# Ossó de Sió

**Ossó de Sió** is a village in the province of Lleida and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain.

## InfoBox

| Ossó de Sió | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Castellnou d'Ossó castle | |
|  | |
| Ossó de SióLocation in Catalonia | |
| Coordinates: 41°45′N 1°10′E / 41.750°N 1.167°E / 41.750; 1.167 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Community | Catalonia |
| Province | Lleida |
| Comarca | Urgell |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Josep Maria Pedró Balagueró (2015) |
| Area | |
| Total | 26.3 km2 (10.2 sq mi) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 205 |
| Density | 7.8/km2 (20/sq mi) |
| Climate | Cfa |
| Website | ossosio.ddl.net |


title: Orthoprosopa

abstract: Orthoprosopa is a genus of hoverflies from the family Syrphidae, in the order Diptera.

text:
# Orthoprosopa

***Orthoprosopa*** is a genus of hoverflies from the family Syrphidae, in the order Diptera.

## Species

***Subgenus:*** *Orthoprosopa* Macquart, 1850

***Subgenus:*** *Paratropidia* Hull, 1949

## InfoBox

| *Orthoprosopa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Syrphidae |
| Subfamily: | Eristalinae |
| Tribe: | Milesiini |
| Subtribe: | Tropidiina |
| Genus: | *Orthoprosopa*
Macquart, 1850 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Orthoprosopa nigra*
Macquart, 1850 | |


title: Orthopristis reddingi

abstract: Orthopristis reddingi, the bronze-striped grunt, is a species of ray-finned fish, a grunt belonging to the family Haemulidae. It is endemic to Mexico, occurring from central Baja California, including the southern Sea of Cortez, to central Mexico. It is found in schools over sandy substrates in coastal waters and the juveniles are frequently recorded in tidal pools. They are found at depths between 5 and 30 m. This species was first formally described in 1895 by the American ichthyologists David Starr Jordan and Robert Earl Richardson, the type locality was given as La Paz, Baja California Sur. The specific name honours in Benjamin B. Redding (1824-1882), the politician who was the first Fish Commissioner of California. Orthopristis reddingi has a body which is elongated and slender, as well as being laterally compressed. The overall colour is silvery with orange or bronze diagonal stripes matching the orientation over of the scale rows. The fins, other than the dusky caudal fin, are transparent. They have a short mouth that does not extend to the eyes. They have a continuous dorsal fin with 12 spines and 15 soft rays and there are 3 short spines in the anal fin, with the second spine being longer than the third, and 9 or 10 soft rays. The caudal fin is deeply forked. This species attains a maximum total length of 30 cm (12 in). Although their biology is little known, it is accepted that they are night-feeding carnivores, preying on benthic crustaceans, echinoderms, small fish and molluscs. It is an oviparous species which forms distinct pairs for spawning.

text:
# Orthopristis reddingi

***Orthopristis reddingi***, the **bronze-striped grunt**, is a species of ray-finned fish, a grunt belonging to the family Haemulidae. It is endemic to Mexico, occurring from central Baja California, including the southern Sea of Cortez, to central Mexico. It is found in schools over sandy substrates in coastal waters and the juveniles are frequently recorded in tidal pools. They are found at depths between 5 and 30 m (16 and 98 ft). This species was first formally described in 1895 by the American ichthyologists David Starr Jordan and Robert Earl Richardson, the type locality was given as La Paz, Baja California Sur. The specific name honours in Benjamin B. Redding (1824-1882), the politician who was the first Fish Commissioner of California.

*Orthopristis reddingi* has a body which is elongated and slender, as well as being laterally compressed. The overall colour is silvery with orange or bronze diagonal stripes matching the orientation over of the scale rows. The fins, other than the dusky caudal fin, are transparent. They have a short mouth that does not extend to the eyes. They have a continuous dorsal fin with 12 spines and 15 soft rays and there are 3 short spines in the anal fin, with the second spine being longer than the third, and 9 or 10 soft rays. The caudal fin is deeply forked. This species attains a maximum total length of 30 cm (12 in).

Although their biology is little known, it is accepted that they are night-feeding carnivores, preying on benthic crustaceans, echinoderms, small fish and molluscs. It is an oviparous species which forms distinct pairs for spawning.

## InfoBox

| *Orthopristis reddingi* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Perciformes |
| Family: | Haemulidae |
| Genus: | *Orthopristis* |
| Species: | ***O. reddingi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Orthopristis reddingi***
D. S. Jordan & R. E. Richardson, 1895 | |
|


title: Oryctina

abstract:
Oryctina is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Loranthaceae. Its native range is Brazil. Species:
  - Oryctina eubrachioides Kuijt
  - Oryctina quadrangularis Kuijt
  - Oryctina scabrida (Eichler) Tiegh.
  - Oryctina subaphylla Rizzini

text:
# Oryctina

***Oryctina*** is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Loranthaceae.

Its native range is Brazil.

Species:

## InfoBox

| *Oryctina* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Santalales |
| Family: | Loranthaceae |
| Genus: | *Oryctina*<br>Tiegh. |
|


title: Osteochilus sondhii

abstract: Osteochilus sondhii is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to Myanmar. It is sometimes considered conspecific with Labeo dyocheilus. Named in honor of geologist Ved Pall Sondhi (1903-1989), Geological Survey of India, who collected the type specimen.

text:
# Osteochilus sondhii

***Osteochilus sondhii*** is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to Myanmar. It is sometimes considered conspecific with Labeo dyocheilus.

Named in honor of geologist Ved Pall Sondhi (1903-1989), Geological Survey of India, who collected the type specimen.

## InfoBox

| *Osteochilus sondhii* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Subfamily: | Labeoninae |
| Genus: | *Osteochilus* |
| Species: | ***O. sondhii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Osteochilus sondhii***<br>Hora & Mukerji, 1934 | |
|


title: Oscar Krisen Buros

abstract: Oscar Krisen Buros (1905-1978) was the creator, editor, and publisher of The Mental Measurements Yearbook (MMY) and Tests in Print (TIP) series, Buros began an editorship in the 1930s that would extend for more than 40 years and significantly affect the history of the commercial testing industry. Often referred to as the Consumer Reports of the testing industry, Buros’ Yearbooks have been extremely influential on the quality of psychological and educational tests.

text:
# Oscar Krisen Buros

**Oscar Krisen Buros** (1905-1978) was the creator, editor, and publisher of *The Mental Measurements Yearbook* (*MMY*) and *Tests in Print* (*TIP*) series, Buros began an editorship in the 1930s that would extend for more than 40 years and significantly affect the history of the commercial testing industry. Often referred to as the *Consumer Reports* of the testing industry, Buros’ *Yearbooks* have been extremely influential on the quality of psychological and educational tests.

## Early life

Oscar Krisen Buros was born on June 14, 1905, in Lake Nebagamon, Wisconsin, the fourth of nine children born to Herman and Tone Buros, immigrants from Norway.

## Higher education

He earned a B.S. with distinction in educational administration and supervision from the University of Minnesota in 1925. He later attended Columbia University, where in 1928 he earned his master's degree in psychology with a heavy emphasis on statistics and measurement.

## Academic career and achievements

He planned to earn a doctoral degree in statistics, but the Great Depression prevented him from pursuing this ambition. Instead, he became a teacher and then a principal at an elementary school. He became a professor at Rutgers University in 1929 and remained a faculty member there until his retirement in 1965. He taught courses in testing and statistical methods for the Educational Psychology Department. From 1942 to 1945 he served as an academic examination officer for a nascent military testing program. He was a Senior Fulbright Lecturer in Statistics (1956-1957) at Makere College, Kampala, Uganda. From 1965 to 1967, he was a visiting professor at the University College at the University of East Africa in Nairobi, Kenya.

During the mid-1920s, Buros studied statistics on his own and began publishing in that field. The use of cognitive ability tests during World War I had paved the way for dramatic increases in psychological and educational tests. These increases were apparent in the late 1920s as was the appearance of books critiquing these tests. Oscar noted that many reviews of tests were highly subjective, with little quantitative evidence to support the positions taken by the reviewers. He had questioned much of what was being taught about testing since he was an undergraduate and had authored a paper entitled, “Common Fallacies in Standardized Testing.” He wanted to do something to improve the quality and quantity of information being disseminated about psychological and educational tests and to encourage the testing profession to “step up” and monitor its own practices in order to better serve and protect test users.

With this desire for improvement in mind, Buros set out to publish the first collection of critical reviews of tests. Oscar's first attempt at meeting this goal took the form of *The Nineteen Thirty Eight Mental Measurements Yearbook*. In the foreword, Oscar expressed his hope that reviews of tests would lead to improvements in test manuals, descriptions of the technical quality of tests, and test-related research that ultimately would benefit prospective users of those tests. Portions of his foreword indicate the goals he hoped to accomplish and the actions he hoped to inspire through this series of publications.

> The *Mental Measurements Yearbooks* should have a most salutary effect upon the use of standard tests in education and psychology. Test users will be given much needed help in selecting tests which are most likely to meet their own needs. The publication of frankly critical test reviews is likely to cause authors and publishers to publish fewer but better tests. Test users have every right to demand that test authors and publishers present full particulars concerning the methods used in constructing and validating the tests which they place on the market. Tests not accompanied by detailed data on their construction, validation, uses, and limitations should be suspect. (pp. xiii-xiv)

These first two yearbooks were published under the imprint The Mental Measurements Yearbook. In 1941 the Buroses established The Gryphon Press and published the next six yearbooks under this imprint—despite the interruption and delay that Oscar's military service in WWII caused on work for *The Third Mental Measurements Yearbook* (1949)—working out of their two-story home in Highland Park, New Jersey.

## Oscar Buros's legacy

Oscar Buros died on March 19, 1978, before the completion of the *8th MMY*. His wife Luella Gubrud Buros saw to it that the book—the last to bear her husband's name on the cover—was published on schedule, later that same year. The inscription his lifelong passion for the work, up until the last week of his life, and his hope that it would continue to benefit the profession.

Luella Buros continued her support of Oscar's long-standing goals of improved measurement and testing practices. Following a national search and offers from several prominent universities, the Institute of Mental Measurements transferred its considerable testing archives to the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and book publication restarted. Now known as the Buros Center for Testing, Oscar's legacy continues there today.


title: Masamitsu Hirano

abstract: Masamitsu Hirano is a Nippon Professional Baseball pitcher.

text:
# Masamitsu Hirano

**Masamitsu Hirano** (平野 将光, **Hirano Masamitsu**, born June 28, 1983 in Saitama, Saitama) is a Nippon Professional Baseball pitcher.

## InfoBox

| Masamitsu Hirano | |
| --- | --- |
| Hirano with the Saitama Seibu Lions | |
| **Pitcher** | |
| **Born:**  (1983-06-28) June 28, 1983<br>Saitama, Japan | |
| **Bats:** Right**Throws:** Right | |
| debut | |
| May 3, 2008, for the Saitama Seibu Lions | |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Off the Stretcher 2

abstract: Off the Stretcher 2 is a Polish-language sitcom television series created, directed and written by Krzysztof Jaroszyński, and produced by Tomasz Jaskulski, that was aired on Polsat from 13 March 2010 to 25 May 2011. The series has 3 seasons, with a total of 37 episodes, each with a running time of 22 minutes. It was a continuation of the television series Off the Stretcher, aired from 2003 to 2009, and Szpital na perypetiach, aired from 2001 to 2003. Sometimes, its 3 seasons, are considered to be an integral part of Off the Stretcher instead. The series was further continued by Daleko od noszy. Szpital futpolowy, aired in 2011, and Daleko od noszy. Reanimacja, aired in 2017.

text:
# Off the Stretcher 2

***Off the Stretcher 2*** is a Polish-language sitcom television series created, directed and written by Krzysztof Jaroszyński, and produced by Tomasz Jaskulski, that was aired on Polsat from 13 March 2010 to 25 May 2011. The series has 3 seasons, with a total of 37 episodes, each with a running time of 22 minutes.

It was a continuation of the television series *Off the Stretcher*, aired from 2003 to 2009, and *Szpital na perypetiach*, aired from 2001 to 2003. Sometimes, its 3 seasons, are considered to be an integral part of *Off the Stretcher* instead. The series was further continued by *Daleko od noszy. Szpital futpolowy*, aired in 2011, and *Daleko od noszy. Reanimacja*, aired in 2017.

## Premiese

A group of medical personnel work in the Astronomer Copernicus Regional Hospital no. 1, located in a small town near Warsaw, Poland. The medical facility, which was for years badly managed with faulty equipment, was recently renovated and equipped with new medical devices.

## Cast

## Production

*Off the Stretcher 2* was a continuation of *Off the Stretcher*, aired from 2003 to 2009, and *Szpital na perypetiach*, aired from 2001 to 2003. It was created, directed and written by Krzysztof Jaroszyński, and produced by Tomasz Jaskulski. A few episodes were also written by Maciej Kraszewski. The cinematography was done by Paweł Banasiak, editing by Sławomir Filip and Krzysztof Janiszewski, music by Piotr Remiszewski, scenography by Joanna Białousz and Maciej Fajst, and costumes by Magdalena Kowalska-Kania. It was produced by Polsat and Gabi Sp zoo. The series was aired on the Polsat television channel from 13 March 2010 to 25 May 2011. It has 3 seasons, with 37 episodes in total, each with a running time of 22 minutes.

## Continuations

The series was continued by *Daleko od noszy. Szpital futpolowy* in 2011, and *Daleko od noszy. Reanimacja*, which has 1 season of 13 episodes.

1. "Daleko od noszy". *filmpolski.pl* (in Polish).
2. "Daleko od noszy 2". *filmweb.pl* (in Polish).
3. "Daleko od noszy. Szpital futpolowy". *filmpolski.pl* (in Polish).
4. "Daleko od noszy. Reanimacja". *filmpolski.pl* (in Polish).
5. Michał Kurdupski (27 October 2017). "Polsat dokończy emisję 'Daleko od noszy. Reanimacja' i 'Ameryki marzeń'. Seriale te stacja pokaże w nocnym paśmie". *wirtualnemedia.pl* (in Polish).

## InfoBox

| *Off the Stretcher 2* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Sitcom |
| Created by | Krzysztof Jaroszyński |
| Written by | Krzysztof Jaroszyński |
| Directed by | Krzysztof Jaroszyński |
| Composer | Piotr Remiszewski |
| Country of origin | Poland |
| Original language | Polish |
| No. of seasons | 3 |
| No. of episodes | 37 |
| Production | |
| Producer | Tomasz Jaskulski |
| Cinematography | Paweł Banasiak |
| Editors |  |
| Running time | 22 minutes |
| Production companies |  |
| Original release | |
| Network | Polsat |
| Release | 13 March 2010 (2010-03-13) <br>25 May 2011 (2011-05-25) |
| Related | |
|  | |


title: Mohammad Abdul Momin Mandal

abstract: Mohammad Abdul Momin Mandal is a Jatiya Party (Ershad) politician and a former member of parliament for Bogra-1.

text:
# Mohammad Abdul Momin Mandal

**Mohammad Abdul Momin Mandal** is a Jatiya Party (Ershad) politician and a former member of parliament for Bogra-1.

## Career

Mandal was elected to parliament from Bogra-1 as a Jatiya Party candidate in 1986 and 1988.

## InfoBox

| Mohammad Abdul Momin Mandal | |
| --- | --- |
| আবদুল মোমিন মণ্ডল | |
|  | |
| Member of Bangladesh Parliament | |
| **In office**<br>1986–1990 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Political party | Jatiya Party (Ershad) |
| Military service | |
| Branch/service | Bangladesh Army |
| Rank | Colonel |
|  | |


title: 1958 Caen Grand Prix

abstract: The 1958 Caen Grand Prix was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 20 July 1958 at the Circuit de la Prairie, Caen. The race was run over 86 laps of the circuit, and was won by British driver Stirling Moss who lapped the field in a Cooper T45.

text:
# 1958 Caen Grand Prix

The **1958 Caen Grand Prix** was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 20 July 1958 at the Circuit de la Prairie, Caen. The race was run over 86 laps of the circuit, and was won by British driver Stirling Moss who lapped the field in a Cooper T45.

## Classification

| Pos | No. | Driver | Entrant | Constructor | Time/Retired | Grid |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | Stirling Moss | R. R. C. Walker Racing Team | Cooper T45-Climax | 2:00:09.7, 151.18 km/h | 1 |
| 2 | 12 | Jo Bonnier | Joakim Bonnier | Maserati 250F | 85 laps | 6 |
| 3 | 16 | Bruce Halford | Bruce Halford | Maserati 250F | 85 laps | 4 |
| 4 | 8 | Maurice Trintignant | R. R. C. Walker Racing Team | Cooper T43-Climax | 84 laps | 5 |
| 5 |  | Stuart Lewis-Evans | British Racing Partnership | Cooper T43-Climax | 82 laps | 10 |
| 6 | 14 | Gerino Gerini | Scuderia Centro Sud | Maserati 250F | 82 laps | 11 |
| 7 |  | George Wicken | George Wicken | Cooper T43-Climax | 82 laps | 7 |
| Ret | 2 | Jean Behra | Owen Racing Organisation | BRM P25 | Engine | 2 |
| Ret | 6 | Harry Schell | Owen Racing Organisation | BRM P25 | Gearbox oil leak | 8 |
| Ret |  | Dick Gibson | Dick Gibson | Cooper T43-Climax | Overheating | 3 |
| Ret |  | Keith Ballisat | Dick Gibson | Cooper T43-Climax | 1 lap - lost wheel | 9 |
| Ret |  | Les Leston | John Fisher | Lotus 12-Climax | 1 lap - accident | 12 |

* Results at www.silhouet.com

## InfoBox

| 1958 Caen Grand Prix | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Non-championship race in the 1958 Formula One season | | | |
|  | | | |
| Race details | | | |
| Date | July 20, 1958 | | |
| Official name | VI Grand Prix de Caen | | |
| Location | La Prairie, Caen, France | | |
| Course | Grand Prix Circuit | | |
| Course length | 3.52 km (2.187 miles) | | |
| Distance | 86 laps, 302.72 km (188.08 miles) | | |
| Pole position | | | |
| Driver |  | Cooper-Climax |
| Fastest lap | | | |
| Driver | Jean Behra | BRM |
| Time | 1:20.8 | | |
| Podium | | | |
| First |  | Cooper-Climax |
| Second |  | Maserati |
| Third |  | Maserati |


title: Tulsibhanjyang

abstract: Tulsibhanjyang is a village development committee in Syangja District in the Gandaki Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 4439 people living in 961 individual households.

text:
# Tulsibhanjyang

**Tulsibhanjyang**  is a village development committee in Syangja District in the Gandaki Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 4439 people living in 961 individual households.

1. "Syangja VDC Level Report" (PDF). *Central Bureau of Statistics*. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-10-26.

## InfoBox

| Tulsibhanjyang तुलसीभञ्ज्याङ | |
| --- | --- |
| Village development committee | |
| TulsibhanjyangLocation in NepalTulsibhanjyangTulsibhanjyang (Nepal) | |
| Coordinates: 27°56′N 83°42′E / 27.94°N 83.70°E / 27.94; 83.70 | |
| Country | Nepal |
| Zone | Gandaki Zone |
| District | Syangja District |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 4,439 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:45 (Nepal Time) |


title: Habrosyne sanguinea

abstract: Habrosyne sanguinea is a moth in the family Drepanidae first described by Frederic Moore in 1882. It is found in Sikkim in India, Tibet in China and Nepal. The wingspan is about 44 mm. The forewings have a bright ferruginous basal patch, bearing a silvery spot below the median nervure, and also creamy white on its outer edge. The outer half of the wing is dark ferruginous brown, with a bright ferruginous streak and patch on the inner margin, the latter with a waved white inner edge. There are two bright ferruginous patches on the costa with white inner edges. The hindwings are dark fuscous.

text:
# Habrosyne sanguinea

***Habrosyne sanguinea*** is a moth in the family Drepanidae first described by Frederic Moore in 1882. It is found in Sikkim in India, Tibet in China and Nepal.

The wingspan is about 44 mm. The forewings have a bright ferruginous basal patch, bearing a silvery spot below the median nervure, and also creamy white on its outer edge. The outer half of the wing is dark ferruginous brown, with a bright ferruginous streak and patch on the inner margin, the latter with a waved white inner edge. There are two bright ferruginous patches on the costa with white inner edges. The hindwings are dark fuscous.

## InfoBox

| *Habrosyne sanguinea* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Drepanidae |
| Genus: | *Habrosyne* |
| Species: | ***H. sanguinea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Habrosyne sanguinea***<br>Moore, 1882 | |
|


title: Olive Osmond

abstract: Olive May Osmond was the matriarch of the American Osmond singing family.

text:
# Olive Osmond

**Olive May Osmond** (née **Davis**; May 4, 1925 – May 9, 2004) was the matriarch of the American Osmond singing family.

## Life and career

She was born in Malad City, Idaho, to Vera Ann (née Nichols) and Thomas Martin Davis. After high school, she moved to Ogden, Utah. She met George Osmond at Defense Depot Ogden where he was stationed, and she worked as a secretary. They married on December 1, 1944. Both were devout members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

Their first two children, Virl and Tom, were born with a degenerative condition which left them nearly deaf. Doctors warned the couple that future children had a higher chance of having hearing loss, but George and Olive wanted a large family. The other children, Alan, Wayne, Merrill, Jay, Donny, Marie, and Jimmy, were born able to hear.

George formed a barbershop quartet consisting of Alan, Wayne, Merrill, and Jay, and eventually got them booked at Disneyland, where the boys caught the attention of Walt Disney himself, and Andy Williams's father. From 1962 to 1971, the Osmond Brothers appeared on *The Andy Williams Show*. Donny made his debut on the program the day after his sixth birthday.

The brothers eventually left *Williams* and were regulars on the second incarnation of *The Jerry Lewis Show* (1967-1969) before launching a successful recording career. The siblings - including Donny, Marie, and Jimmy as solo artists - scored several hits, The Osmonds' biggest being "One Bad Apple", which climbed to #1. From 1976 to 1979, Donny and Marie hosted *The Donny and Marie Show*.

Marie played Olive in 1982's *Side by Side: The True Story of the Osmond Family*. 2001's *Inside the Osmonds* (produced by Jimmy) depicted the siblings' egos and their frustration at not being taken seriously as artists by the music industry, George's fiscal mismanagement, and the quest to establish a "new Hollywood" in Utah as leading to the family's downfall.

In 2001, Osmond experienced a stroke. She faced complications from the condition for the rest of her life and died in Provo, on May 9, 2004. She was 79 years old.

## Children

George and Olive Osmond had nine children:

## InfoBox

| Olive Osmond | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Olive May Davis
(1925-05-04)May 4, 1925
Samaria, Idaho, U.S. |
| Died | May 9, 2004(2004-05-09) (aged 79)
Provo, Utah, U.S. |
| Other names | Mother Osmond |
| Spouse | George Osmond (m. 1944) |
| Children | Virl Osmond
Tom Osmond
Alan Osmond
Wayne Osmond
Merrill Osmond
Jay Osmond
Donny Osmond
Marie Osmond
Jimmy Osmond |


abstract: The Old Brick Post Office in Wickenburg, Arizona was built between 1909 and 1915. It served first as a grocery store and printing office, and eventually served as a post office. It was the office of the newspaper the Arizona State Miner in 1940. It was listed on the US National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

text:
# Old Brick Post Office (Wickenburg, Arizona)

The **Old Brick Post Office** in Wickenburg, Arizona was built between 1909 and 1915. It served first as a grocery store and printing office, and eventually served as a post office. It was the office of the newspaper the Arizona State Miner in 1940.

It was listed on the US National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Old Brick Post Office | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 144 N. Frontier, Wickenburg, Arizona |
| Coordinates | 33°58′9″N 112°43′50″W / 33.96917°N 112.73056°W / 33.96917; -112.73056 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1909-15 |
| MPS | Wickenburg MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 86001586 |
| Added to NRHP | July 10, 1986 |


title: Oscar Krokstedt

abstract: Vice Admiral Nils Oscar Jakob Krokstedt was a Swedish Navy officer. His senior commands included Chief of the Naval Staff, head of the Swedish National Defence College and military commander of the Western Military District and the Southern Military District.

text:
# Oscar Krokstedt

Vice Admiral **Nils *Oscar* Jakob Krokstedt** (12 October 1908 – 13 December 1985) was a Swedish Navy officer. His senior commands included Chief of the Naval Staff, head of the Swedish National Defence College and military commander of the Western Military District and the Southern Military District.

## Early life

Krokstedt was born on 12 October 1908 in Grötlingbo, Sweden, the son of Axel Krokstedt, a sea captain, and Sigrid (née Söderström). He had an older sister, Astrid Krokstedt (1906–1981), who was first ombudsman in the Swedish Nurses’ Association (*Svensk sjuksköterskeförening*), and two younger ones, Signe Olga Hermanna (1910–1932), and Karin Sigrid Elisabeth (born 1917). Krokstedt passed *studentexamen* in Visby in 1926 and came to the Swedish Navy as a sea cadet in 1927 and was later platoon leader in the Cabin Boy Corps (*Skeppsgossekåren*) in Karlskrona. This gave him a large number of sailing summers on the corps' ships *af Chapman*, *Najaden* and *Jarramas*. He also served aboard HSwMS *Fylgia* on a sea expedition.

## Career

### Military career

He was commissioned as a naval officer in the Swedish Navy in 1930 with the rank of acting sub-lieutenant and was promoted to *underlöjtnant* in 1932 and to sub-lieutenant in 1934. Krokstedt served at the Stockholm Naval Station (*Stockholms örlogsstation*) in 1936 and attended the staff course at the Royal Swedish Naval Staff College from 1938 to 1939 and was posted to the Naval Staff as a section chief in from 1946 to 1947. Krokstedt was a teacher at the Royal Swedish Army Staff College from 1946 to 1949 and promoted to lieutenant commander in 1948 and to commander in 1953.

Over the years, Krokstedt served great deal of time on warships, commanding patrol boats, minesweepers and destroyers. He also served several years as flag adjutant, as second-in-command of the HSwMS *Gotland* during the winter long journey from 1950 to 1951 and as commander of HSwMS *Älvsnabben* during its first long journey from 1953 to 1954. Krokstedt attended the Swedish National Defence College from 1954 to 1955 and served as head of the Naval Department of the Defence Staff from 1954 to 1957. In 1957 he was promoted to captain and served as a naval attaché in London and The Hague from 1957 to 1960. Krokstedt was head of Section II of the Defence Staff from 1960 to 1961 and was promoted to rear admiral the same year. He was then posted as Acting Chief of the Naval Staff in 1961 and then as Chief of the Naval Staff from 1962 to 1964. Krokstedt served as head of the Swedish National Defence College from 1964 to 1966 and as military commander of the Western Military District from 1966 to 1968. He was promoted to vice admiral in 1968 and served as military commander of the Southern Military District from 1968 to 1972. Krokstedt postings as military commander meant that he, as the first naval officer, got to command not only naval units but also considerable armies and air force units. Krokstedt retired from active service in 1972.

### Later career

When Krokstedt retired, he fulfilled a dream by studying Swedish literary science at Stockholm University at an academic level. When he was done with this with good results, Evert Taube had recently died. He now spent a lot of time rewriting "Evert Taube och sjömansvisan". At the commemoration in May 1984 of the *af Chapman*, former quartermaster Krokstedt was the one who, under salute, boarded the now hostel and received the eleven jubilant crews.

Krokstedt was Inspector Emeriti of the naval academy association SjöLund. He was also a member of the Swedish Society for Maritime History (*Sjöhistoriska samfundet*).

## Personal life

In 1932, he married Ingrid Ljungberg (born 1909), the daughter of Wilhelm Ljungberg and Anna (née Häggström). They had one son, Lars Krokstedt (born 1934), CEO of AB Alfort & Cronholm (today Alcro) from 1973 to 1981, and CEO of Svenska Egmont AB from 1981, and the daughters Lisen Gylden and Briten Krokstedt.

## Death

Krokstedt died on 13 December 1985 in Stockholm. The funeral service took place on 30 December 1985 in Skeppsholmen Church in Stockholm.

## Dates of rank

## Awards and decorations

### Swedish

### Foreign

## Honours

## Footnotes

1. *Vem är det: svensk biografisk handbok. 1981* \[*Who is it: Swedish biographical handbook. 1981*\] (in Swedish). Stockholm: Norstedt. 1980. p. 565. ISBN 91-1-805012-3. SELIBR 3681525.
2. *Vem är det: svensk biografisk handbok. 1977* \[*Who is it: Swedish biographical handbook. 1977*\] (in Swedish). Stockholm: Norstedt. 1976. p. 551. ISBN 91-1-766022-X. SELIBR 3681523.
3. "Nils Oscar Jakob Krokstedt". *www.tjelvar.se* (in Swedish). Retrieved 1 October 2019.
4. "Oscar Krokstedt död" (PDF). *Göteborgs-Posten* (in Swedish). 1985. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
5. Taube, Fredrik (1986). "Minnesteckningar" (PDF). *Tidskrift i sjöväsendet* (in Swedish) (4). Carlskrona: 217. SELIBR 8258455.
6. Taube, Fredrik (17 December 1985). "MOscar Krokstedt död: Färgstark amiral med litterär gåva". *Svenska Dagbladet* (in Swedish). p. 20 (12). Retrieved 2 September 2022.
7. "Inspector Emeriti". *www.sjolund1964.wixsite.com* (in Swedish). SjöLund. 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
8. "Medlemsförteckning över Sjöhistoriska Samfundet" (PDF). *Forum Navale: Skrifter* (in Swedish) (26). Stockholm: Sjöhistoriska samfundet: 119. 1971. SELIBR 3615255.
9. Salander Mortensen, Jill, ed. (1996). *Vem är det: svensk biografisk handbok. 1997* \[*Who is it: Swedish biographical handbook. 1997*\] (in Swedish). Stockholm: Norstedt. p. 620. ISBN 91-1-960852-7. SELIBR 3681533.
10. "Familjenytt". *Svenska Dagbladet* (in Swedish). 17 December 1985. p. 20 (12). Retrieved 1 September 2022.
11. Sköldenberg, Bengt, ed. (1969). *Sveriges statskalender. 1969* (PDF) (in Swedish). Stockholm: Fritzes offentliga publikationer. p. 94. SELIBR 3682754.
12. *Sveriges statskalender för skottåret 1968* (PDF) (in Swedish). Stockholm: Fritzes offentliga publikationer. 1968. p. 97. SELIBR 8261599.
13. Harnesk, Paul, ed. (1962). *Vem är vem? 1, Stor-Stockholm* \[*Who's Who? 1, Greater Stockholm*\] (in Swedish) (2nd ed.). Stockholm: Vem är vem. p. 717. SELIBR 53509.
14. "Tildelinger av ordener og medaljer" \[Awards of medals and medals\]. *www.kongehuset.no* (in Norwegian). Royal Court of Norway. Retrieved 2021-12-14.
15. "Flottans Män Gotland historia (Lång version)" (PDF). *www.flottansman.se* (in Swedish). p. 1. Retrieved 1 October 2019.

## InfoBox

| Oscar Krokstedt | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Birth name | Nils Oscar Jakob Krokstedt |
| Born | (1908-10-12)12 October 1908
Grötlingbo, Sweden |
| Died | 13 December 1985(1985-12-13) (aged 77)
Stockholm, Sweden |
| Allegiance | Sweden |
| Service/branch | Swedish Navy |
| Years of service | 1930–1972 |
| Rank | Vice Admiral |
| Commands |  |


title: María López

abstract: María López de Eguilaz Zubiria is a Spanish field hockey goalkeeper who competed at the 2008 and 2016 Summer Olympics. López took up field hockey aged eight, and became a goalkeeper at ten. She was included to the national team in 2005, and in 2015 named Best Goalkeeper of the Spanish Division de Honor. She coached goalkeepers at Real Club Josaleta.

text:
# María López

**María López de Eguilaz Zubiria** (born 12 July 1984) is a Spanish field hockey goalkeeper who competed at the 2008 and 2016 Summer Olympics.

López took up field hockey aged eight, and became a goalkeeper at ten. She was included to the national team in 2005, and in 2015 named Best Goalkeeper of the Spanish Division de Honor. She coached goalkeepers at Real Club Josaleta.

## InfoBox

María López
| López at the 2016 Olympics | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | María López de Eguilaz Zubiria | | |
| Born | (1995-07-12) 12 July 1995<br>Getxo, Spain | | |
| Height | 1.64 m (5 ft 5 in) | | |
| Weight | 56 kg (123 lb) | | |
| Playing position | Goalkeeper | | |
| Club information | | | |
| Current club | SV Kampong | | |
| National team | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Spain | 161 | (0) |
| Medal record      World Cup  2018 London | | | |


abstract:
The 195th Army Division(2nd Formation) was created in December 1969 basing on the 4th Engineer District, Engineer Troops of Beijing Military Region. The division was part of 65th Army Corps. By then the division was composed of:
  - 583rd Infantry Regiment;
  - 584th Infantry Regiment;
  - 585th Infantry Regiment;
  - Artillery Regiment. The division was disbanded in 1985 and re-organized as Tank Brigade, 65th Army. In 1998 it renamed as Armored Brigade, 65th Army. In 2003 the brigade was disbanded and replaced by 1st Armored Division.

text:
# 195th Division (People's Republic of China)

The **195th Army Division** (Chinese: 陆军第195师)(2nd Formation) was created in December 1969 basing on the 4th Engineer District, Engineer Troops of Beijing Military Region.

The division was part of 65th Army Corps. By then the division was composed of:

* 583rd Infantry Regiment;
* 584th Infantry Regiment;
* 585th Infantry Regiment;
* Artillery Regiment.

The division was disbanded in 1985 and re-organized as **Tank Brigade, 65th Army**. In 1998 it renamed as **Armored Brigade, 65th Army**. In 2003 the brigade was disbanded and replaced by 1st Armored Division.

## InfoBox

| 195th Army Division (1969–85) | |
| --- | --- |
| Active | 1969.10 - 1985 |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Branch | People's Liberation Army |
| Type | Division |
| Role | Infantry |
| Part of | 65th Army Corps |


title: Wilhelmine Halberstadt

abstract: Wilhelmine Halberstadt was a German educator and author.

text:
# Wilhelmine Halberstadt

**Wilhelmine Halberstadt** (24 January 1776 – 11 March 1841) was a German educator and author.

## Biography

**Elisabeth Friederike Wilhelmine Halberstadt** was born in Corbach, a small town in the uplands west of Kassel. Carl Franz Halberstadt, her father, was a lawyer employed as a secretary by the Count Reuß. He thought himself a rich man. Before he married, he had traveled extensively in Europe and later crossed the Atlantic, acquiring land in America. Becoming homesick, he had returned home, however, and spotted the beautiful young childless widow Maria Christiane Speirmann (born Schmidt) at church. They subsequently married. Maria also came from a wealthy family. However, it subsequently turned out that Maria's father's guardian, having "delayed" providing proper financial accounts for some years, had been embezzling and spending the family monies. He was imprisoned but the family fortune was not recovered. Finding that they were not, after all, a wealthy family, Carl Franz Halberstadt travelled back to America to sell his possessions there. On the way he was involved in a shipwreck after which he was never seen again. Attempts to obtain details of his presumed death came to nothing. Maria Halberstadt was left to bring up the children alone. She had received an excellent education, but now, despite her aristocratic background and habits, she found herself obliged to live in a state of poverty for which life had not prepared her.

Wilhelmine Halberstadt was intelligent and keen to educate herself quickly in order that she might become a teacher, which would enable her to bring an income into the family home to support her mother and siblings. Between 1806 and 1812 she was employed as a tutor-governess by the family of Mayor Tesdorpf in Lübeck. The city had for centuries been commercially dynamic and prosperous, but Halberstadt's time there coincided with the French occupation, which sources describe as a "time of horrors" (*" Schreckenszeit Lübecks"*). After that she returned to live with her mother and attempted to set up her own school in Trier, where by this time her mother was living. In Trier she was by no means "an unknown". Her (in some ways strangely "modern") views on women's education had been included in her 1808 publication, "Über Würde und Bestimmung der Frauen" (*loosely: "On the dignity and fate of women"*). The book had earned her the good will of the Roman Catholic church establishment in Trier, which meant that even the bishop backed her. Nevertheless, there was plenty of opposition in the city, which at least one commentator linked with the fact that she was "perhaps the only protestant woman in Trier".

The project nevertheless prospered and for a time she was able to be happy and productive in Trier. Sources are inconsistent as to the date of her mother's death, but after that occurred Halberstadt became engaged to marry the author Karl Borbstädt. He was a former government tax official and had good connections with the Prussian government over in Berlin. The two of them had much in common in terms of their idealism and their belief in improving the human condition. They were committed to inner morality, inner religiosity and the best possible education for children and young people. They shared a grand plan to create a major educational institution, possibly in Berlin. It was not to be. Karl Borbstädt took a trip to Berlin to make administrative arrangements, but he never came back. Instead he suddenly died. Wilhelmine Halberstadt's grief was "boundless". Once more on her own, she sought to moderate the impact of the bereavement by redoubling her own educational work.

The Rhine Province (including Trier) was particularly badly hit by the crop failures of 1816 and 1817. The income from the school fell. Austerity also triggered a growth in inter-denominational strife, which disadvantaged an institution run by a Protestant in a Catholic province. In 1822 Halberstadt decided to close the school. Her intention now was to restrict her teaching activities to private lessons, working for families she knew and trusted. In 1822 she also published a more substantial work on pedagogy, assembling her accumulated experience of teaching into just four volumes. "Gemälde häuslicher Glückseligkeit" (*loosely,"Images of Domestic Happiness and Joy"*) was influential among educationists and other opinion formers of the time. Short of funds, she sent a copy to the Russian emperor. Although the book was apparently sent unsolicited, the czar sent her a substantial payment "in recognition".

It was not only the Czar of Russia who had been impressed by her contributions. Frederick William III of Prussia had also become an admirer of her educational achievements in his Rhine Province, and was no doubt aware of her written works. He made arrangements to provide her with a pension, but when she became aware of the king's intentions, she quickly wrote to him asking if he would instead be willing to fund her new project. Her plan was to select the most suitable girls from orphanages and train them to become elementary school teachers. Girls from higher social classes were not, she insisted, really suitable for work as elementary school teachers. There are suggestions that Halberstadt had been influenced by the ideas propounded by Swiss educationalist Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi. Her project was timely. The Prussian King had recently appointed the kingdom's first Minister for Education. Halberstadt's project met with approval and the Education Minister, Karl vom Stein zum Altenstein received instructions to look at her proposals sympathetically. Due to ongoing religious disputes in the Rhine Province it was still not possible to pursue the project in Trier. Towards the end of in 1822, Halberstadt relocated from to Berlin, where her protestantism was not a particular issue.

In the end it was in Kassel that in 1823 she found the opportunity to set up an educational institution for daughters of the wealthy. By this time she had also found time to produce a second edition of her book "Ueber Würde und Bestimmung des Weibes, jungen Frauenzimmern gewidmet". There was also a new teaching book: "Schulbuch, als erste Uebung im Lesen und Denken, nach der Lautmethode. Ein Geschenk für fleißige Kinder." (loosely,*"Textbook, as a first exercise in reading and thinking phonetically. A gift for industrious children"*). These two books were both widely welcomed, and the first of them was even translated into French. They provided the foundation for her first educational institution which soon had more than 100 pupils. Still in Kassel, in October 1831 she was able to pull together the money to launch the first "Halberstädtsche Free school" for poor girls. It thrived, and was taken over by the municipal schools board only in 1876. In 1833 she set up the "Halberstädtsche Fräuleinstiftung für vaterlose Töchter" ("Halberstadt young ladies' foundation for fatherless daughters"). The number of educational institutions that she was able to set up grew, with two of them funded from her own resources. In order further to increase the money available to her foundation she also launched a monthly journal in 1835, which appeared in German, French and English, and which she named the "Ehrentempel europäischer Classiker" (*"Honoured temple of European classics"*). She lived long enough to see her foundation grow and flourish. Through her foundation thousands of children were educated, clothed, fed and trained for life.

By the end of her life, through the educational institutions she had created and through her writings, she had become famous, able to be mentioned in the same breath as the great Halle scholar-philanthropist and education pioneer August Hermann Francke.

1. Ernst Kelchner (1879). "Halberstadt, Wilhelmine". *Halberstadt: Wilhelmine H., wurde am 24. Januar 1776 zu Corbach geboren und starb am 11. März 1841 zu Cassel*. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. Vol. 10. Historische Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (HiKo), München. pp. 401–403. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
2. Erika Hoffmann (1966). "Halberstadt, Wilhelmine: Pädagogin, * 24.1.1776 Korbach, † 11.3.1841 Kassel. (evangelisch)". *Neue Deutsche Biographie*. Historische Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (HiKo), München. pp. 533–534. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
3. *Neuer Nekrolog der Deutschen* (19. Jahrgang ed.). Bernhard Friedrich Voigt, Weimar. 1841. pp. 323–332.
4. Matthaeus Cornelius Münch; I. B. Heindl (1860). *Wilhelmine Halberstadt*. I.A. Schlosser's buch- und kunsthandlung, Augsburg. pp. 503–504. `{{cite book}}`: `|work=` ignored (help)
5. Wolfgang Selbrich (1990). "Manay, Charles Baron (seit 1809), Bischof von Trier (1802–1816)". *Neue deutsche Biographie*. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, München. p. 58. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
6. Clive Oppenheimer (1 June 2003). "Climatic, environmental and human consequences of the largest known historic eruption: Tambora volcano (Indonesia) 1815". *Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment*. **27** (2). SAGE Journals: 230–259. doi:10.1191/0309133303pp379ra. S2CID 131663534.

## InfoBox

| Wilhelmine Halberstadt | |
| --- | --- |
| **Wilhelmine Halberstadt** *Artist unknown, ca 1835* | |
| Born | Elisabeth Friederike Wilhelmine Halberstadt
(1776-01-24)24 January 1776
Corbach, Hesse-Cassel, Holy Roman Empire |
| Died | 11 March 1841
Kassel, Hesse, German Confederation |
| Occupation(s) | educator
education pioneer
author |
| Parent(s) | Carl Franz Halberstadt
Maria Christiane Speirmann/Schmidt |


title: Will Storr

abstract: Will Storr is a British author, journalist and former photographer. He has been a contributing editor at Esquire and GQ Australia. He also works as a ghostwriter and public speaker.

text:
# Will Storr

**Will Storr** is a British author, journalist and former photographer. He has been a contributing editor at *Esquire* and GQ Australia. He also works as a ghostwriter and public speaker.

## Career

Storr has written six books under his own name.

His first book, *Will Storr versus The Supernatural*, was an investigation into people who believe in ghosts. It included a behind-the-scenes exposé of the British television show Most Haunted and an interview with Gabriele Amorth, the Vatican’s chief exorcist. Storr also tracked down Janet Hodgson, who claimed to be the focus of the Enfield Poltergeist haunting in 1977.

*The Heretics: Adventures with the Enemies of Science* (published in the U.S. and Canada as "*The Unpersuadables*") was an investigation into irrational belief. Storr met creationists in Australia, the climate change denial Lord Christopher Monckton and went undercover on a trip to former World War II sites with a group of holocaust deniers and the revisionist historian David Irving.

Storr’s novel *The Hunger and the Howling of Killian Lone* was an adult fairy tale set in a Michelin starred kitchen in 1980s London.

*Selfie: How We Became So Self-obsessed and What It's Doing to Us* was a history of the Western self. In the book, Storr discusses the rise of social media and its effects, attributing many of the more harmful ones to increased pressure on individuals and what he calls "perfectionistic styles of thinking". In 2018 The New Yorker made a short film based on the book.

*The Science of Storytelling*, was a Sunday Times Bestseller.

*The Status Game* describes Storr’s theory about the hidden structure of social life, focusing on the need for social status and its effects on individual human life and society.

Storr also works as a ghostwriter. He wrote Ant Middleton’s memoir *First Man In* that was shortlisted in the 2019 British Book Awards.

## Journalism

He has covered the South Sudanese Civil War, illegal street racing in the United Kingdom, male suicides, the Lord’s Resistance Army in Uganda, the abuse of sugar crop workers in El Salvador, and the race-hate killing of an Aboriginal man in Australia. He has written for media outlets including *The Guardian*, *The Observer*, *The New York Times*, *The New Yorker*, and *The Times*.

He received a One World Media award, an Amnesty International award for his work regarding sexual violence against men, and an AIB award for Best Investigative Documentary in 2013 for *An Unspeakable Act*, a BBC World Service documentary covering human rights abuses in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

During his reporting in South Sudan Storr was abducted by a militia and narrowly avoided being executed.

He has also been a guest on podcasts including Under The Skin with Russell Brand, The Jordan Harbinger Show, The Ezra Klein Show and The Joe Rogan Experience.

## Photography

His portraits of survivors of the Lord's Resistance Army, a heterodox Christian rebel group, have been exhibited at Oxo Tower.

## Personal life

He is married to Farrah Storr. His great-great uncle is the journalist, government reformer and author of the Self-Help, Samuel Smiles.

## Selected bibliography

* *Will Storr vs. The Supernatural: One Man's Search for the Truth About Ghosts* (2006) ISBN 0061132195
* *The Heretics: Adventures With The Enemies Of Science* (2013) ISBN 1447208978
* *The Unpersuadables: Adventures with the Enemies of Science* (2014) ISBN 1468308181
* *The Hunger and the Howling of Killian Lone* (2014) ISBN 1476730431
* *Selfie: How We Became So Self-Obsessed and What It's Doing to Us* (2017) ISBN 1468315897
* *The Science of Storytelling* (2019) ISBN 1419743031
* *The Status Game: On Social Position and How We Use It* (2021) ISBN 0008354634


title: Wiljalba Frikell

abstract: Wiljalba Frikell was a famous magician and author. His stage name was Friedrich Wilhelm Frickel and he also went by W. Frickel and Wiljalba Frickel. He was born in Sagan, Prussia. Thomas Frost wrote about him. Houdini wrote about him and visited his home and was photographed outside it. He wanted to meet with him, but Frikell died after finally agreeing to a meeting.

text:
# Wiljalba Frikell

**Wiljalba Frikell** (June 27, 1818 – October 10, 1903) was a famous magician and author. His stage name was **Friedrich Wilhelm Frickel** and he also went by W. Frickel and Wiljalba Frickel.

He was born in Sagan, Prussia.

Thomas Frost wrote about him. Houdini wrote about him and visited his home and was photographed outside it. He wanted to meet with him, but Frikell died after finally agreeing to a meeting.

## Writings


title: William Baker (headmaster)

abstract: Rev. William Baker D.D. was headmaster at Merchant Taylors' School (MTS) for three decades. Baker matriculated on 25 June 1860 at St John's College, Oxford and received there B.A. in 1864, M.A. in 1868, B.D. in 1871, and D.D. in 1874. He was headmaster of Merchant Taylors' School from 1870 to 1900 and became prebendary at St Paul's Cathedral in 1880. During his tenure as headmaster of Merchant Taylors' School, chemistry and physics were introduced into the curriculum, and a new science building was completed in 1891. Biology, per Baker's proposal, was introduced in 1900 into the curriculum as an extra. Baker's 1895 textbook Latin and Greek verse translations is a collection of 100 translations of English verse into Latin or Greek verse. Many of the textbook's exercises are derived from Baker's "solutions" to the University of Oxford's scholarship examinations in verse composition. He married in 1870; the marriage produced a son and a daughter.

text:
# William Baker (headmaster)

Rev. **William Baker** D.D. (18 December 1841, in Reigate – 1910) was headmaster at Merchant Taylors' School (MTS) for three decades.

Baker matriculated on 25 June 1860 at St John's College, Oxford and received there B.A. in 1864, M.A. in 1868, B.D. in 1871, and D.D. in 1874. He was headmaster of Merchant Taylors' School from 1870 to 1900 and became prebendary at St Paul's Cathedral in 1880. During his tenure as headmaster of Merchant Taylors' School, chemistry and physics were introduced into the curriculum, and a new science building was completed in 1891. Biology, per Baker's proposal, was introduced in 1900 into the curriculum as an extra.

Baker's 1895 textbook *Latin and Greek verse translations* is a collection of 100 translations of English verse into Latin or Greek verse. Many of the textbook's exercises are derived from Baker's "solutions" to the University of Oxford's scholarship examinations in verse composition.

He married in 1870; the marriage produced a son and a daughter.

## Selected publications