title: John Hamilton (Loyalist)

abstract: John Hamilton was a military officer in the British Army, and the commander of the Royal North Carolina Regiment of Loyalist provincial volunteers during the American Revolutionary War from 1777 to 1783. Prior to the Revolution, Hamilton was a successful merchant in Halifax, North Carolina, with business interests throughout the Province of North Carolina. Hamilton commanded soldiers in several major engagements, including the battles of Brier Creek, Camden, Guilford Courthouse, and Yorktown. After the conclusion of the war, Hamilton was made British consul to Norfolk, Virginia, one of only three Loyalists to receive consular positions in the newly created United States.

text:
# John Hamilton (Loyalist)

**John Hamilton** (died December 12, 1816) was a military officer in the British Army, and the commander of the Royal North Carolina Regiment of Loyalist provincial volunteers during the American Revolutionary War from 1777 to 1783. Prior to the Revolution, Hamilton was a successful merchant in Halifax, North Carolina, with business interests throughout the Province of North Carolina. Hamilton commanded soldiers in several major engagements, including the battles of Brier Creek, Camden, Guilford Courthouse, and Yorktown. After the conclusion of the war, Hamilton was made British consul to Norfolk, Virginia, one of only three Loyalists to receive consular positions in the newly created United States.

## Early life and business

Born in Scotland, Hamilton immigrated to Nansemond County, Virginia at some point prior to 1760, where other members of his family had already established businesses. Hamilton formed a partnership with two of his brothers, Archibald and William, who had set up a trading center near Halifax in North Carolina. Hamilton's venture extended credit to a number of planters throughout the burgeoning Piedmont region of the province, which has been cited as a major factor in that region's development during the colonial era. Much of the firm's activities relied on regular trade with and credit from the rest of the British empire, and so the beginning of the American Revolution signalled the end of Hamilton's commercial successes.

## American Revolution

In August 1777, Hamilton refused to take an oath of allegiance to the newly formed state of North Carolina. Due to the animosity against him for his Loyalist beliefs, Hamilton was forced to wind down his business activities in the state, and eventually left from New Bern on October 25, 1777 aboard a newly purchased merchant ship. According to a later accounting generated by Hamilton and his brother, their business suffered approximately £200,000 in losses due to the Revolution.

Hamilton arrived in British-controlled New York and served as a courier in the British Army for Generals William Howe and Henry Clinton before being authorized a commission as an officer to recruit Loyalist soldiers in the southern theater. Hamilton's rank would be dependent upon the number of men he would be able to recruit. The recruitment process began after the British Capture of Savannah, when Hamilton recruited approximately 30 Loyalist survivors of the battle of Kettle Creek, Georgia to serve as the basis for his regiment of "North Carolina Volunteers".

Eventually the unit was named the Royal North Carolina Regiment, and had eventually had as many as men. Hamilton and his regiment saw action at the Siege of Savannah, as well as the battles of Briar Creek, Kettle Creek (Hamilton may have meant only the battle of Carr's fort that preceded Kettle Creek), Stono Ferry, Monck's Corner, Hanging Rock, Camden, and the Guilford Courthouse. Hamilton lost a pair of pistols to Colonel Andrew Pickens at the battle at Carr's fort on February 10, 1779. Today those pistols are on display at the Museum of Art and History in Pickens, South Carolina.

At Briar Creek on March 3, 1779, Hamilton recovered a pair of distinctive riding boots belonging to Patriot militia general and fellow North Carolinian Thomas Eaton, who had lost them in that battle. When Hamilton attempted to return the boots to Eaton at a dinner party in 1809, Eaton responded violently, reportedly beating the Loyalist with the very same boots. During the confrontation at Stono Ferry on June 20, 1779, Hamilton commanded his regiment at the center of the British line, behind redoubts set up to protect the withdrawal of the main British Army. Hamilton's Royal North Carolina Regiment held firm along with the 71st (Highland) Regiment of Foot, and dealt a defeat to the attacking Continental Army forces commanded by Benjamin Lincoln. At Hanging Rock, though, Hamilton's regiment was routed during the initial Patriot attack, but he rallied his command for an attempted stand along with other Loyalist units. The rallied Loyalist units were dispersed by a cavalry charge commanded by militia leader William Richardson Davie, and the Patriot forces were permitted to ransack the British camp.

Hamilton surrendered his regiment, with 80 of its 142 survivors, after the Siege of Yorktown. After his surrender, Hamilton was sent to Saint Augustine in British Florida. When Florida was ceded to Spain in the Treaty of Paris that ended the American Revolutionary War, Hamilton quashed talks of mutiny among the Loyalist soldiers and residents of British Florida, who sought to remain there under British rule and were then evacuated to Nova Scotia.

In the course of his service in the Revolutionary War, Hamilton was wounded three times. General Charles Cornwallis, who had at one point during the war called Hamilton a "blockhead", would later commend Hamilton for his conduct and service to the British Army.

## Post-war career and death

The Royal North Carolina Regiment was disbanded in November 1783, and Hamilton went to London. At some point prior to 1785, Hamilton married and had one child, but little is known of his family after that date. Between 1784 and 1790, Hamilton attempted to receive compensation from the British government for the losses he sustained in the Revolution, eventually receiving £13,630 along with his brother. In 1790, Hamilton was appointed the British consul at Norfolk, Virginia, one of only three former Loyalist military leaders to be given diplomatic posts in the United States. At the outbreak of the War of 1812, Hamilton was recalled to England, where he died in 1816.

### Notes

### Bibliography

## InfoBox

| John Hamilton | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Scotland |
| Died | December 12, 1816<br>England |
| Allegiance | Kingdom of Great Britain |
| Service/branch | British Army |
| Years of service | 1777–1783 |
| Rank | Lieutenant Colonel |
| Commands | Royal North Carolina Regiment |
| Battles/wars |  |


title: Riofrío, Ávila

abstract: Riofrío is a municipality located in the province of Ávila, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 325 inhabitants.

text:
# Riofrío, Ávila

**Riofrío** (Spanish pronunciation: \[rjoˈfɾi.o\]) is a municipality located in the province of Ávila, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 325 inhabitants.

## InfoBox

| Riofrío | |
| --- | --- |
| municipality | |
| Riofrío, (Ávila), Spain. | |
|  | |
| RiofríoLocation in Spain.RiofríoRiofrío (Spain) | |
| Coordinates: 40°32′50″N 4°46′38″W / 40.54722°N 4.77722°W / 40.54722; -4.77722 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Castile and León |
| Province | Ávila |
| Municipality | Riofrío |
| Area | |
| Total | 65 km2 (25 sq mi) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 227 |
| Density | 3.5/km2 (9.0/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Website | Official website |


title: Martín Irigoyen

abstract: Martín Daniel Irigoyen is an Argentine musician best known as a composer and multi-instrumentalist with Vernian Process and Profondo Delle Tenebre. He has participated in many solo and group projects outside of Vernian Process, as well as being an active producer.

text:
# Martín Irigoyen

**Martín Daniel Irigoyen** (born January 14, 1977) is an Argentine musician best known as a composer and multi-instrumentalist with Vernian Process and Profondo Delle Tenebre. He has participated in many solo and group projects outside of Vernian Process, as well as being an active producer.

## Career

Irigoyen was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, where he participated in numerous musical projects in various styles. In 2008 he joined Steampunk pioneers Vernian Process as a full-time member. Vernian Process has shared the stage with artists such as Thomas Dolby, Attrition, Skinny Puppy, Voltaire (musician), Jill Tracy, Abney Park and others.

Irigoyen uses various effects and utensils to create original guitar soundscapes. He also uses alternate tunings and plays several different styles. Being a prepared guitar player, he uses for his performances items such as screwdrivers, tweezers, hangers, drumsticks, and more.

1. Vernian Process on MTV.
2. \[reverse obvious\] review by Chelsea Cochran.
3. Independent Musician Magazine review by Daniela Cleveland.
4. Band of the week - The Skyline View.
5. The Owl Magazine album review.
6. Garageband.com reviews.

## InfoBox

| Martín Irigoyen | |
| --- | --- |
| With Sodium Channel in Berkeley, CA. | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Martín Daniel Irigoyen |
| Born | (1977-01-14) January 14, 1977<br>Buenos Aires, Argentina. |
| Genres | Steampunk, dark wave, neo-classical, post-punk, alternative rock, experimental, trip hop |
| Occupation(s) | Composer, Multi-instrumentalist, Songwriter, Sound Designer, Record producer |
| Instrument(s) | Guitar, Prepared guitar, Oud, Setar, Bağlama Saz, Bouzouki, Barbat, Tanbur, Charango, Sitar, Bass, Theremin, Drums, Piano, Percussion, Electronics, Dramyen, Dan-Bau, Various world instruments |
| Years active | 1991 - Present |
| Labels | Gilded Age Records |


title: Hanna Johansen

abstract: Hanna Johansen was a Swiss writer. Johansen studied classical philology, education and German studies at the Universities of Marburg and Göttingen. From 1967 to 1969 she lived in Ithaca, New York, and in 1972 she moved with her then husband Adolf Muschg to Kilchberg, Zürich, where she still lived. Johansen began her literary career as a translator of American avant garde authors, and soon moved on to original work, particularly stories for children. She published her first novel in 1978. She was a member of PEN Switzerland and of the Deutschen Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung in Darmstadt. Johansen died on 25 April 2023, at the age of 83 in Horgen.

text:
# Hanna Johansen

**Hanna Johansen** (born **Hanna Margarete Meyer**; 17 June 1939 – 25 April 2023) was a Swiss writer.

Johansen studied classical philology, education and German studies at the Universities of Marburg and Göttingen. From 1967 to 1969 she lived in Ithaca, New York, and in 1972 she moved with her then husband Adolf Muschg to Kilchberg, Zürich, where she still lived.

Johansen began her literary career as a translator of American avant garde authors, and soon moved on to original work, particularly stories for children. She published her first novel in 1978. She was a member of PEN Switzerland and of the *Deutschen Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung* in Darmstadt.

Johansen died on 25 April 2023, at the age of 83 in Horgen.

## Prizes

## Works

* *Die stehende Uhr*, 1978
* *Jan und die Großmutter*, 1978 (as Hanna Muschg, with Gisela Degler-Rummel)
* *Ein Meister des Innehaltens*, 1979
* *Trocadero*, 1980
* *Die Analphabetin*, 1982
* *Auf dem Lande*, Hörspiel, NDR, 1982
* *Bruder Bär und Schwester Bär*, 1983 (as Hanna Muschg)
* *Die Ente und die Eule*, 1984 (as Hanna Muschg)
* *Siebenschläfergeschichten*, 1985 (as Hanna Muschg)
* *Über den Wunsch, sich wohlzufühlen*, 1985
* *Zurück nach Oraibi*, 1986
* *Felis Felis*, 1987
* *Ein Mann vor der Tür*, 1988
* *Die Geschichte von der kleinen Gans, die nicht schnell genug war*, 1989
* *Die Schöne am unteren Bildrand*, 1990
* *Dinosaurier gibt es nicht*, 1992
* *Über den Himmel*, 1993
* *Kurnovelle*, 1994
* *Ein Maulwurf kommt immer allein*, 1994
* *Der Füsch*, 1995 (with Rotraut Susanne Berner)
* *Die Hexe zieht den Schlafsack enger*, 1995 (with Käthi Bhend)
* *Universalgeschichte der Monogamie*, 1997
* *Der Zigarettenanzünder*, Hörspiel, SWF, 1997
* *Bist du schon wach?*, 1998 (with Rotraut Susanne Berner)
* *Halbe Tage, ganze Jahre*, 1998
* *Vom Hühnchen, das goldene Eier legen wollte*, 1998 (with Käthi Bhend)
* *Maus, die Maus, liest ein langes Buch*, 2000 (with Klaus Zumbühl)
* *Maus, die Maus, liest und liest*, 2000 (with Klaus Zumbühl)
* *Sei doch mal still!*, 2001
* *Lena*, 2002
* *"Omps!" – ein Dinosaurier zu viel*, 2003
* *Die Hühneroper*, Zürich, Nagel & Kimche, 2004
* *Ich bin hier bloß die Katze*, 2007
* *Der schwarze Schirm*, 2007
* *Ein Krokodil*

## Bibliography

* Elisabeth Stuck: *Hanna Johansen. Eine Studie zum erzählerischen Werk 1978–1995.* Sprache und Dichtung. N.F. 44. Haupt, Bern 1997. ISBN 3-258-05514-9
* Vesna Kondric Horvat: *Der eigenen Utopie nachspüren.* Zur Prosa der deutschsprachigen Autorinnen in der Schweiz zwischen 1970 und 1990, dargestellt am Werk Gertrud Leuteneggers und Hanna Johansens. Lang, Bern 2002. ISBN 3-906768-97-X

## InfoBox

| Hanna Johansen | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1939-06-17)17 June 1939
Bremen, Gau Weser-Ems, Nazi Germany |
| Died | 25 April 2023(2023-04-25) (aged 83)
Horgen, Switzerland |
| Nationality | Swiss, German |
| Occupation | Author |
| Spouse | Adolf Muschg |


title: Mrčevo, Montenegro

abstract: Mrčevo is a small village in the municipality of Pljevlja, Montenegro.

text:
# Mrčevo, Montenegro

**Mrčevo** (Serbian Cyrillic: Мрчево) is a small village in the municipality of Pljevlja, Montenegro.

## Demographics

According to the 2003 census, the village had a population of 16 people.

## InfoBox

| Mrčevo Мрчево | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| MrčevoLocation within Montenegro | |
| Coordinates: 43°25′08″N 19°07′16″E / 43.4189°N 19.1211°E / 43.4189; 19.1211 | |
| Country | Montenegro |
| Municipality | Pljevlja |
| Population (2003) | |
| Total | 16 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Monument to the Porta Pia Breach

abstract: The Monument to the Porta Pia Breach of Breach of Porta Pia is a memorial located on 101 Corso d'Italia, just Northwest of Porta Pia, in Rome, Italy. It commemorates the breach of the Aurelian Walls by Italian army on September 20, 1870. The Italian army quickly subdued the papal forces; the Capture of Rome leading to the annexation of nearly all of Rome and the Papal States into the Kingdom of Italy. After the breach, a wall was rebuilt with brick and a plaque recalling the event was placed facing outward. Further plaques were added in 1900. On the 25th anniversary of the breach, the City Council of Rome, commissioned from the sculptor Ettore Ferrari, another plaque, recalling the Italian soldiers who had died during the brief attack on the city, and planned for the erection of a tall corinthian memorial column with a bronze winged victory holding a palm leaf atop. The monument was not inaugurated until 20 September 1920, fifty years after the event. Giovanni Battista Giovenale, Giuseppe Guastalla and Adolfo Apolloni completed some of the sculptures. The wall has now four doric pilasters flanking the plaques, with a lower bronze frieze depicting eagle-shields and swords. The marble frieze above shows palm leaves, helmets, and above at the roofline, four antefixes flanked below by lion heads. At the site of Porta Pia itself, is a museum and a monument dedicated to the Bersaglieri.

text:
# Monument to the Porta Pia Breach

The **Monument to the Porta Pia Breach** of **Breach of Porta Pia** (in Italian, *Monumento a la Breccia di Porta Pia*) is a memorial located on 101 Corso d'Italia, just Northwest of Porta Pia, in Rome, Italy. It commemorates the breach of the Aurelian Walls by Italian army on September 20, 1870. The Italian army quickly subdued the papal forces; the Capture of Rome leading to the annexation of nearly all of Rome and the Papal States into the Kingdom of Italy.

After the breach, a wall was rebuilt with brick and a plaque recalling the event was placed facing outward. Further plaques were added in 1900. On the 25th anniversary of the breach, the City Council of Rome, commissioned from the sculptor Ettore Ferrari, another plaque, recalling the Italian soldiers who had died during the brief attack on the city, and planned for the erection of a tall corinthian memorial column with a bronze winged victory holding a palm leaf atop. The monument was not inaugurated until 20 September 1920, fifty years after the event. Giovanni Battista Giovenale , Giuseppe Guastalla and Adolfo Apolloni completed some of the sculptures. The wall has now four doric pilasters flanking the plaques, with a lower bronze frieze depicting eagle-shields and swords. The marble frieze above shows palm leaves, helmets, and above at the roofline, four antefixes flanked below by lion heads.

At the site of Porta Pia itself, is a museum (since 1921) and a monument (Since 1932) dedicated to the Bersaglieri.

41°54′36″N 12°30′00″E / 41.91004°N 12.50001°E / 41.91004; 12.50001


title: Nawal Nasrallah

abstract: Nawal Nasrallah is a U.S.-based Iraqi food writer, food historian, English literature scholar, and translator from Arabic into English. She is best known for her cookbook featuring Iraqi cuisine, entitled Delights from the Garden of Eden, and for editions of medieval Arabic cookbooks, including Annals of the Caliphs’ Kitchens, an annotated translation of the tenth-century, Abbasid-era cookbook Kitab al-Tabikh by Ibn Sayyar al-Warraq. She has won numerous awards for her writing and her translations.

text:
# Nawal Nasrallah

**Nawal Nasrallah** is a U.S.-based Iraqi food writer, food historian, English literature scholar, and translator from Arabic into English. She is best known for her cookbook featuring Iraqi cuisine, entitled *Delights from the Garden of Eden*, and for editions of medieval Arabic cookbooks, including *Annals of the Caliphs’ Kitchens*, an annotated translation of the tenth-century, Abbasid-era cookbook *Kitab al-Tabikh* by Ibn Sayyar al-Warraq. She has won numerous awards for her writing and her translations.

## Life and career

Nawal Nasrallah was born in Baghdad. She studied at the University of Baghdad, where she earned her Masters of Arts degree in English and Comparative Literature and wrote a thesis comparing the eighteenth-century novel *Robinson Crusoe* by Daniel Defoe with the twelfth-century philosophical novel Hayy bin Yaqzan by the Andalusian philosopher and physician Ibn Tufail, showing how Ibn Tufail influenced Defoe’s work. The thesis was published in 1980.

Nasrallah taught English language, literature, and composition at the University of Baghdad and later the University of Mosul. In 1990 she moved to Bloomington, Indiana.

She became an avid baker and “culinary connoisseur” in Iraq, having taught herself to cook American foods while living in Mosul.

She released a cookbook of Iraqi cuisine, *Delights from the Garden of Eden*, in 2003 during the U.S. invasion of Iraq. At this time, there was increased American interest in Iraqi affairs. At the time, she reflected that, “as a wife, a mother, a woman, and a human being, I find in food and in memories of food my refuge, my comfort, and consolation when things are not looking good.”

Working with Harvard professor Gojko Barjamovic in 2015, Nasrallah compiled recipes based on what is known of the ancient Mesopotamian diet and cuisine and organized a banquet for scholars at Harvard's Semitic Museum. She also taught a seminar on Iraqi cuisine at the University of Gastronomic Sciences in Italy in 2016.

Nasrallah also published recipes for perfumes, spices, and oils. In her book *Treasure Trove of Benefits and Variety at the Table*, she translated over 750 fourteenth-century, Mamluk-era recipes from Egypt, with commentary and analysis, including Mamluk-era views about food's curative and regenerative powers based on Galenic theory.

## Cooking

Nasrallah published her Iraqi cookbook, *Delights from the Garden of Eden*, in 2003. It contains more than four hundred recipes, and won the Gourmand World Cookbook Awards in 2007. She also offers historical insights on Iraqi food, and stories and information about the regions of Iraq from which the recipes come. The book received positive reviews. Nasrallah described one of her motivations for writing the cookbook as filling an academic gap in literature on Iraqi food and food history, at a time when U.S. media representations of Iraq were primarily negative.

An abridged version of *Delights from the Garden of Eden* was published in 2013. *Saveur* magazine ranked it as one of the top ten best cookbooks of 2013.

Nasrallah has participated in multiple interviews and panels on food and history on YouTube, and regularly updates her blog on medieval Arabic recipes. *The New York Times* featured her thirteenth-century recipe for "Medieval Hummus" in 2023.

## Scholarly works

Nasrallah is an expert on medieval Arab cuisine, on the literary culture of Arabic cookbooks, and on the cuisines of modern Iraq and its historical precursors, including ancient Mesopotamia. She has also prepared language learning materials for Iraqi colloquial Arabic.

In 2007, Nasrallah translated the earliest surviving Arabic cookbook, *Kitab al-tabikh* (“The Book of Cooking”) attributed to the tenth-century writer variously known as Ibn al-Warraq or as Ibn Sayyar al-Warraq. Her edition draws upon versions of the manuscript that survive in Oxford, Helsinki, and Istanbul. In 2008, she won an honorable mention in adult non-fiction from the Arab American National Museum for it. The cookbook combines recipes that its author, a courtier in the Abbasid Empire centered in Baghdad, drew from more than twenty other cookbooks to which he had access. Scholars have drawn upon this edition not only for insights into what elites may have eaten, but also for how cooks may have prepared and served the food in terms of utensils and ceramics, with implications for Islamic-era archaeological research.

In 2011, Nasrallah published *Dates: A Global History*, which explores the historical, nutritional, cultural, and symbolic value of dates in the Middle East and beyond, while also describing its anatomy, nomenclature, cultivation, and cultural associations. The book illuminates the various legends associated with dates throughout history, such as the Greek myth of the date palm’s connection to the phoenix, which influenced the botanical naming of the date palm as *Phoenix dactylifera*.

In 2017, Nasrallah translated and published an edition of a fourteenth-century Mamluk-era cookbook from Egypt. Known in Arabic as *Kanz al-fawāʾid fī tanwīʿ al-mawāʾid*, the book appeared in her English edition as *Treasure Trove of Benefits and Variety at the Table*. In this volume, Nasrallah also included adaptations of some of these fourteenth-century recipes for modern kitchens.

More recently, in 2019, Nawal Nasrallah contributed to a volume about ancient Mesopotamian texts in Yale University’s Babylonian collection, while citing recipes recorded on cuneiform tablets.

Nasrallah's 2021 translation into English of *Best of Delectable Foods and Dishes from al-Andalus and al-Maghrib: A Cookbook by Thirteenth-Century Andalusi Scholar Ibn Razīn al-Tujībī (1227–1293)* was shortlisted for the 2022 Sheikh Zayed Book Award in the Translation category.


title: Mo' Wax

abstract:
Mo' Wax was a British record label founded by James Lavelle in 1992. The label was not co-founded by Tim Goldsworthy, as is often reported. Steve Finan became co-owner shortly after. Mo' Wax came to recognition for being at the forefront of trip hop, turntablism and alternative hip hop during the mid-1990s. The label also released notable records covering techno, drum and bass and electro. Mo' Wax also helped the graffiti artist Futura 2000 regain popularity, by using his artwork on many of their releases in the 1990s. Lavelle signed partial ownership of Mo' Wax over to A&M Records in 1996. When their deal expired he signed with Beggars Group, who still own some of the catalogue. The name derives from "Mo'Wax Please", the title of a column James Lavelle wrote in the magazine Straight No Chaser and the Oxford club night he ran. This in turn was influenced by the Freddie Roach LP, Mo' Greens Please on Blue Note records. The original Mo' Wax logo as used on the early releases was designed by UK graphic designer Ian Swift "Swifty" and the label grew their reputation by featuring artwork contributions from Futura, Robert Del Naja, She One, Req1 and Kostas Seremetis.
Ben Drury and Will Bankhead were the main designers responsible for the art direction and design of the label. The label also released toys and art prints under their Mo' Wax Arts (MWA) imprint, and collaborated with artists such as Mark Gonzales, Mike Mills, and Money Mark. The label shut in 2002 and was celebrated in 2014 with an exhibition titled "Urban Archaeology: 21 years of Mo' Wax". In 2015, Lavelle licensed back the Mo' Wax label to release Elliott Power's "Murmur" single as a limited edition hand stamped 12" vinyl. On 26 February 2016, Elliott Power's debut album, Once Smitten, was released on Mo' Wax in collaboration with Marathon Artists. This is the label's most recent release.

text:
# Mo' Wax

**Mo' Wax** was a British record label founded by James Lavelle in 1992. The label was not co-founded by Tim Goldsworthy, as is often reported. Steve Finan became co-owner shortly after.

Mo' Wax came to recognition for being at the forefront of trip hop, turntablism and alternative hip hop during the mid-1990s. The label also released notable records covering techno, drum and bass and electro. Mo' Wax also helped the graffiti artist Futura 2000 regain popularity, by using his artwork on many of their releases in the 1990s.

Lavelle signed partial ownership of Mo' Wax over to A&M Records (now part of the Universal Music Group) in 1996. When their deal expired he signed with Beggars Group, who still own some of the catalogue.

The name derives from "Mo'Wax Please", the title of a column James Lavelle wrote in the magazine *Straight No Chaser* and the Oxford club night he ran. This in turn was influenced by the Freddie Roach LP, *Mo' Greens Please* on Blue Note records.

The original Mo' Wax logo as used on the early releases was designed by UK graphic designer Ian Swift "Swifty" and the label grew their reputation by featuring artwork contributions from Futura, Robert Del Naja (from Massive Attack), She One, *Req1* and Kostas Seremetis. Ben Drury and Will Bankhead were the main designers responsible for the art direction and design of the label.

The label also released toys and art prints under their Mo' Wax Arts (MWA) imprint, and collaborated with artists such as Mark Gonzales, Mike Mills, and Money Mark.

The label shut in 2002 and was celebrated in 2014 with an exhibition titled "Urban Archaeology: 21 years of Mo' Wax".

In 2015, Lavelle licensed back the Mo' Wax label to release Elliott Power's "Murmur" single as a limited edition hand stamped 12" vinyl. On 26 February 2016, Elliott Power's debut album, *Once Smitten*, was released on Mo' Wax in collaboration with Marathon Artists. This is the label's most recent release.

## Discography

* MW 001 Repercussions*Promise*
* MW 002 Raw Stylus – *Many Ways* (12")
* MW 003 Palm Skin Productions – *Getting Out Of Hell* (12")
* MW 004 Marden Hill – *Come On* (12")
* MW 005 RPM – *Food of My De-Rhythm* (12")
* MW 006 The Federation – *Life So Free* (12")
* MW 007 Mistura – *Coast to Coast* (12")
* MW 008 Bubbatunes – *This Is Just A Dance* (12")
* MW 009 Palm Skin Productions – *Time & Space EP* (12")
* MW 010 V.A. – *Jazz Hip Jap Project*
* MW 011 El Malo - *Mighty & Solution* (12")
* MW 012 DJ Takemura - *Hoping For The Sun* (12")
* MW 013 Palm Skin Productions – *In A Silent Way* (12")
* MW 014 DJ Shadow \- *In Flux*
* MW 015 The Federation – *Remix E.P.* (12")
* MW 016 Step - *If* (12")
* MW 017 La Funk Mob - *Tribulations Extra Sensorielles*
* MW 018 RPM – *2000 / Sortie Des Ombres*
* MW 019 Dee C. Lee - *New Reality Vibes* (12")
* MW 020 Attica Blues \- *Vibes, Scribes 'n' Dusty 45's* E.P.
* MW 021 Deep Joy - *Make Some Sense Of This* (12")
* MW 022 Visionistics - *Mysterious Ways* (12")
* MW 023 La Funk Mob - *Casse Les Frontieres, Fou Les Tetes em L'Air* (2 x 10")
* MW 024 DJ Shadow / DJ Krush \- *Lost And Found (S.F.L) / Kemuri* (12")
* MW 025 DJ Krush*Strictly Turntablized*
* MW 026 V.A. -*Headz*
* MW 027 DJ Shadow - *What Does Your Soul Look Like*
* MW 028 U.N.K.L.E - *The Time Has Come E.P.*
* MW 029 Palm Skin Productions - *The Beast*
* MW 030 *(no official release)*
* MW 031 Sam Sever & The Raiders Of The Lost Art - *What's That Sound?*
* MW 032 Money Mark \-  *Insects Are All Around Us*
* MW 033 DJ Krush -  *A Whim*
* MW 034 Money Mark – *Mark's Keyboard Repair*
* MW 035 Luke Vibert \- *A Polished Solid*
* MW 036 Money Mark - *Cry*
* MW 037 Rob Dougan*Clubbed to Death*
* MW 038 Attica Blues - *Blueprint*
* MW 039 DJ Krush – *Meiso (LP)*
* MW 040 Andrea Parker - *Melodius Thunk*
* MW 041 *(no official release)*
* MW 042 DJ Krush - *Meiso (Single)*
* MW 043 Money Mark - *Third Version E.P.*
* MW 044 Money Mark - *Legitimate Pop Songs?*
* MW 045 Andrea Parker - *Rocking Chair*
* MW 046 Dr Octagon*Dr. Octagonecologyst*
* MW 047 Air - *Modular*
* MW 048 *(no official release)*
* MW 049 Innerzone Orchestra \- *Bug In The Bassbin*
* *MW 050 (Sam Sever -* Zone Alone *\- Unreleased Test Pressing)*
* MW 051 Innervisions - *Mermaids*
* MW 052 V.A. - *Headz 2 Sampler*
* MW 053 V.A. - *Headz 2 Sampler*
* MW 054 V.A. - *Headz 2 Sampler*
* MW 055 Dr Octagon - *Blue Flowers*
* MW 056 V.A. - *Excursions*
* MW 057 DJ Shadow - *Midnight In A Perfect World*
* MW 058 DJ Shadow - *Stem*
* MW 059 DJ Shadow*Endtroducing.....*
* MW 060 DJ Krush - *Only The Strong Survive*
* MW 061 V.A. – *Headz 2A*
* MW 062 V.A. – *Headz 2B*
* MW 063 DJ Shadow - *High Noon*
* MW 064 Dr Octagon*Instrumentalyst (Octagon Beats)*
* MW 065 Urban Tribe - *Eastward*
* MW 066 Money Mark - *Hand In Your Head*
* MW 067 Attica Blues - *Tender*
* MW 068 Dr Octagon - *3000*
* MW 069 UNKLE - *Berry Meditation*
* MW 070 UNKLE - *Rock On* (12" - One Sided Promo)
* MW 071 Luke Vibert - *Do Unto Others*
* MW 072 Luke Vibert*Big Soup*
* MW 073 Sukia*Contacto Espacial Con El Tercer Sexo*
* MW 074 *(no official release)*
* MW 077 DJ Krush – *MiLight*
* MW 078 Liquid Liquid*Liquid Liquid*
* MW 080 Attica Blues*Attica Blues*
* MW 082 V.A. – *The Original Artform*
* MW 085 UNKLE*Psyence Fiction*
* MW 088 DJ Krush – *Holonic-The Self Megamix*
* MW 090 Money Mark – *Push The Button*
* MW 099 Andrea Parker*Kiss My Arp*
* MW 101 V.A. – *Time Machine* (mixed by Psychonauts)
* MW 102 Urban Tribe*The Collapse of Modern Culture*
* MW 104 Tommy Guerrero*A Little Bit of Somethin'*
* MW 105 Major Force West – *93–97*
* MW 110 V.A. – *Quannum Spectrum*
* MW 112 Blackalicious*Nia*
* MW 115 DJ Assault – *Belle Isle Tech*
* MW 121 DJ Magic Mike*The Journey (Era of Bass Part 1)*
* MW 122 Divine Styler*Wordpower, Vol. 2: Directrix*
* MW 129 Nigo*Ape Sounds*
* MW 132 South*From Here on In*
* MW 141 David Axelrod*David Axelrod*
* MW 143 Malcom Catto*Popcorn Bubble Fish*
* MW 145 V.A. – *Now Thing*
* MW 152 Malcom Catto*Bubblefish Breaks*
* MW 155 Jordan Fields - *Moments in Dub*
* MW 158 Tommy Guerrero – *Soul Food Taqueria*
* MW 159 Parsley Sound – *Parsley Sounds*
* MWU 001 UNKLE*Never, Never, Land*

**MWLP Prefix** \- Only 3 catalogue numbers were released on the LP prefix before the label started to include LP's in the main MW prefix. Also available as CD with prefix MWCD..

* MWLP 001 V.A. - *Jazz Hip Jazz*
* MWLP 002 The Federation - *Flower To The Sun*
* MWLP 003 V.A. - *Royalties Overdue*

## InfoBox

| Mo' Wax | |
| --- | --- |
| Parent company | Island Records (majority of catalogue) |
| Founded | 1992 (1992) |
| Founder | James Lavelle |
| Status | Inactive |
| Distributor(s) | PIAS Group |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |


title: Penioni Tagituimua

abstract: Penioni Tagituimua is a Fijian professional rugby league footballer who plays as a hooker or halfback for the Kaiviti Silktails in the Ron Massey Cup and Fiji at international level.

text:
# Penioni Tagituimua

**Penioni Tagituimua** (born 20 January 1999) is a Fijian professional rugby league footballer who plays as a hooker or halfback for the Kaiviti Silktails in the Ron Massey Cup and Fiji at international level.

## Playing career

Tagituimua began playing rugby league in 2013 for the Nadera Panthers.

While attending Suva Grammar School in 2015, he was awarded a three-year rugby union scholarship at Ellesmere College.

In 2019, Tagituimua was the only player from the Fijian domestic competition to be included in Fiji's squad for their mid-season match against Lebanon. Initially selected to be the 18th man, a number of injuries and unavailabilities allowed him to make his Test debut off the interchange bench in the 56–14 win. In November, Tagituimua played off the interchange bench in both of Fiji's Oceania Cup matches.

Tagituimua joined the Kaiviti Silktails for their inaugural season in 2020, scoring twice in their first and only match of the COVID-19 affected year.

In 2021, Tagituimua was named the captain of the Kaiviti side.

On 23 May 2021, he made his NSW Cup debut after being called into the North Sydney Bears' team to play Mounties.

In the second group stage match of the 2021 Rugby League World Cup, Tagituimua scored two tries for Fiji in their 60-4 victory over Italy.

## Personal life

Tagituimua's father Ilaitia is a pastor and was a spiritual adviser for the Fijian team at the 2008, 2013, and 2017 Rugby League World Cups. Tagituimua's uncle Nemani Matirewa was a Fijian dual-code rugby international who was a pioneer of rugby league in the country.

## InfoBox

Peni Tagituimua
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Penioni Tagituimua |
| Born | (1999-01-20) 20 January 1999<br>Suva, Central Division, Fiji |
| Height | 175 cm (5 ft 9 in) |
| Weight | 90 kg (14 st 2 lb) |
| Playing information | |
| Position | Hooker, Halfback |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  2020– Kaiviti Silktails       Representative  Years Team Pld T G FG P  2019 Fiji Prime Minister's XIII 1 0 0 0 0  2019– Fiji 8 2 0 0 8  2019 Fiji 9s 3 0 0 0 0 | |
| Source: As of 10 November 2023 | |


title: Albert Don-Chebe

abstract: Albert Don-Chebe is a Ghanaian lawyer, retired soldier, and public servant. He was the Director General of the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation from 2013 to 2016.

text:
# Albert Don-Chebe

**Albert Don-Chebe** is a Ghanaian lawyer, retired soldier, and public servant. He was the Director General of the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation from 2013 to 2016.

## Education

Don-Chebe had his secondary education at St. Augustine's College, Cape Coast, and Tamale Senior High School for his Ordinary Level (O-Level) Certificate and his Advanced Level Certificate (A-Level) respectively. He continued at the University of Ghana where he obtained his bachelor's degree, and the University of Manchester where he was awarded his master's degree in English. He holds a Postgraduate Diploma in Public Affairs from the Defense Information School, and a Barrister-at-law certificate from the Ghana School of Law. He was called to the Bar in 2003.

## Career

Don-Chebe worked as a lecturer in English language at the University of Ghana. For 15 years, he had worked at the Directorate of Public Relations of the Ghana Armed Forces. Prior to his voluntary retirement from the Ghana Armed Forces in 1999, he had been involved in five peace-keeping operations under the supervision of the United Nations. He began as a Lieutenant and retired as a Major. Following his retirement from the Ghana Armed Forces, he joined the Ghana Breweries Limited as the Corporate Affairs Manager. In 2005, he was employed by the Ministry of Public Sector Reforms as a Communications Consultant. He was later appointed Head of Corporate Communication and Customer Care at Ghana Telecom (which later became Vodafone Ghana). Don-Chebe gained employment at the Millennium Development Authority in 2009 as the Director of Community and Public Outreach. Prior to his appointment as the Director General of the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation, he was the Director of Corporate Planning and Communication at the Export Development and Agricultural Investment Fund (EDAIF). He is a member of the Institute of Public Relations and once served as its president.

Don-Chebe was appointed Director General of the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation on 14 May 2013 by the National Media Commission. His three-year contract ended on 16 May 2016. He however proceeded on his accumulated leave in February 2016, and refused to return to the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation due to worker agitations at the corporation. He was succeeded by Kwame Akuffo Annof-Ntow. While serving as Director General of the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation, he was elected president of the African Union of Broadcasting. He is the chairman of the Northern Development Forum.

## Personal life

Don-Chebe is married with children.

## InfoBox

| Albert Don-Chebe | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| 15th Director-General of the GBC | |
| **In office**<br>2013–2016 | |
| President | John Mahama |
| Preceded by | Berifi Afari Apenteng |
| Succeeded by | Kwame Akuffo Anoff-Ntow |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Nationality | Ghanaian |
| Education |  |
| Alma mater |  |
| Occupation |  |
| Profession |  |
|  | |


title: Riofrío de Riaza

abstract:
Riofrío de Riaza is a municipality located in the province of Segovia, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 55 inhabitants.
Riofrío de Riazahas has oak and beech forests, high mountain vegetation, and places with views of the central system and the province of Segovia. Although there are no officially marked or marked routes, there are numerous routes that are popular with hikers and visitors.

text:
# Riofrío de Riaza

**Riofrío de Riaza** is a municipality located in the province of Segovia, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 55 inhabitants. Riofrío de Riazahas has oak and beech forests, high mountain vegetation, and places with views of the central system and the province of Segovia. Although there are no officially marked or marked routes, there are numerous routes that are popular with hikers and visitors.

## InfoBox

| Riofrío de Riaza | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| View of Ríofrío de Riaza | |
| Riofrío de RiazaLocation in Spain.Riofrío de RiazaRiofrío de Riaza (Spain) | |
| Coordinates: 41°14′50″N 3°27′1″W / 41.24722°N 3.45028°W / 41.24722; -3.45028 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Castile and León |
| Province | Segovia |
| Municipality | Riofrío de Riaza |
| Area | |
| Total | 27 km2 (10 sq mi) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 38 |
| Density | 1.4/km2 (3.6/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Website | Official website |


title: Martín Huitzingarit

abstract: Huitzingarit, later baptized as Martín Santiago, was the last principal chief of the indigenous settlement of Huitzquilic, present-day San Martín de Hidalgo, Jalisco. He was a member of the Tepenahuales, a group of Nahua Aztecs who were on their way to Zacatula (Colima) when they decided to settle the San Martín de Hidalgo area. The first Spanish conquistadores came in 1540, during his time as chief, and humbly he and his people seceded their town and possessions to the Spanish newcomers. For his nobleness, the Spanish named him Captain and gave him a part of the portion of the land seceded. Today, in honor of the chief, there is a street in San Martín de Hidalgo called "Martín Huitzingarit"

text:
# Martín Huitzingarit

**Huitzingarit** (c. 1500  c. 1570), later baptized as **Martín Santiago**, was the last principal chief of the indigenous settlement of Huitzquilic, present-day San Martín de Hidalgo, Jalisco.

He was a member of the Tepenahuales, a group of Nahua Aztecs who were on their way to Zacatula (Colima) when they decided to settle the San Martín de Hidalgo area. The first Spanish conquistadores came in 1540, during his time as chief, and humbly he and his people seceded their town and possessions to the Spanish newcomers. For his nobleness, the Spanish named him Captain and gave him a part of the portion of the land seceded.

Today, in honor of the chief, there is a street in San Martín de Hidalgo called "Martín Huitzingarit"


title: Hanna Karjalainen

abstract: Hanna Maria Karjalainen became known in 2003 when she won the Haluatko filmitähdeksi competition, where the prize was the central role in the film Levottomat 3. Karjalainen acted in the 2004 movie, but the role was more minor than promised. Before that, Karjalainen had acted in a minor role in the 2001 film Rölli ja metsänhenki. Karjalainen is a University of Jyväskylä graduate. From 2006 to 2009, Karjalainen acted in the MTV3 soap series Salatut elämät, where she played Laura Kiviranta's talkative cousin Salla Laitela. Karjalainen has recorded R&B music with an alias "HannaB".

text:
# Hanna Karjalainen

**Hanna Maria Karjalainen** (born 8 July 1980 in Oulu) became known in 2003 when she won the *Haluatko filmitähdeksi* (*Do You Want To Be A Film Star?*) competition, where the prize was the central role in the film *Levottomat 3*. Karjalainen acted in the 2004 movie, but the role was more minor than promised. Before that, Karjalainen had acted in a minor role in the 2001 film *Rölli ja metsänhenki*.

Karjalainen is a University of Jyväskylä graduate.

From 2006 to 2009, Karjalainen acted in the MTV3 soap series *Salatut elämät*, where she played Laura Kiviranta's talkative cousin Salla Laitela (former Tervajoki, née Mattila).

Karjalainen has recorded R&B music with an alias "HannaB".

## InfoBox

| Hanna Karjalainen | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Hanna Maria Karjalainen
(1980-07-08) 8 July 1980
Oulu, Finland |
| Alma mater | University of Jyväskylä |
| Occupation | Actress |


title: National Wild Turkey Federation

abstract: The National Wild Turkey Federation is an international non-profit organization whose mission is 'the conservation of the wild turkey and the preservation of our hunting heritage.' It currently has more than 250,000 members in the United States, Canada, Mexico and 14 other countries.

text:
# National Wild Turkey Federation

The **National Wild Turkey Federation** is an international non-profit organization whose mission is 'the conservation of the wild turkey and the preservation of our hunting heritage.' It currently has more than 250,000 members in the United States, Canada, Mexico and 14 other countries.

## Introduction

The National Wild Turkey Federation (NWTF) is a private, non-profit conservation and education organization founded in 1973 with a mission dedicated to conserving wild turkeys and preserving hunting heritage.

The NWTF's more than 250,000 members and volunteers, along with its wildlife agency and corporate partners, have helped restore and manage North America's current population of more than 7 million wild turkeys. In addition, the NWTF, along with their conservation partners and members, has helped acquire or improve habitat on more than 17,000,000 acres (69,000 km2) of public, private and corporate lands and spent more than $372 million on habitat conservation and outreach programs.

Through its outreach programs, the NWTF family claims to have helped thousands of women, children and people with disabilities across North America learn outdoor skills. NWTF sponsors organizations and programs such as **JAKES**, **Women in the Outdoors** and **Wheelin' Sportsmen**, launching them with the stated goal of helping people to better enjoy the outdoors as well as understand the importance of wildlife management and appreciate hunting as an honorable pursuit.

## Hunting Heritage Super Fund Banquets

The NWTF's primary fundraiser is the Hunting Heritage Super Fund Banquet, where NWTF members and volunteers gather to socialize and to purchase firearms and merchandise that are exclusively sold at NWTF banquets.

The Hunting Heritage Super Fund Banquet program was created in 1983 to entice members to support the NWTF, while introducing new people to conservation and the outdoors.

Money raised through the Super Fund program is used to conduct Hunting Heritage Super Fund projects, including conservation and outreach projects in the states raising the funds.

Through the Hunting Heritage Super Fund, NWTF volunteers and partners have spent more than $372 million upholding hunting traditions and conserving more than 17,000,000 acres (69,000 km2) of wildlife habitat.

## Conservation

The NWTF supports scientific wildlife management on public, private and corporate lands. NWTF founders established a technical committee consisting of wild turkey biologists from state and provincial wildlife agencies who make recommendations on research, management, restoration and educational programs.

Wild Turkey Partnership Agreements provide the framework for cooperative wildlife management, research and educational activities between the NWTF and its agency and corporate partners. These partnerships improve millions of acres of wildlife habitat on private, corporate and public land. NWTF wildlife professionals provide information to help these partners use cutting-edge wildlife management strategies in their forest and open land management programs.

### Making Tracks

**Making Tracks** is the cooperative program between the NWTF and state, federal and provincial wildlife agencies to restore wild turkeys to all suitable habitat in North America. The NWTF works with wildlife agencies coordinating the trap and transfer of wild turkeys. Wild turkey populations have more than doubled since 1990. In areas where they are abundant, wild turkeys are trapped via nets propelled or dropped over a feeding flock. Trapped birds are individually placed in specialized transport boxes, and then released in areas of suitable habitat with few or no wild turkeys. The NWTF routinely provides trapping equipment, transfer boxes and helps coordinate wild turkey transfers between states, provinces and nations. Since the 1950s, state and provincial wildlife agencies have moved more than 192,000 wild turkeys into suitable habitat across North America. The NWTF, founded in 1973, helped accelerate those efforts by providing trapping equipment, transfer boxes, funding and volunteers. Currently, there are more than 7 million wild turkeys throughout North America.

The NWTF partners with federal, state and provincial wildlife agencies to conduct **Hunting Heritage Super Fund** projects. Hunting Heritage Super Fund projects include establishing walk-in hunting areas, planting wildlife openings, developing water resources, conducting prescribed burns, co-hosting outdoor learning events for women, children and individuals with disabilities through the NWTF's 2,350 chapters across the country and supporting the reintroduction of the Gould's wild turkey in Arizona.

### North American Wild Turkey Management Plan

The North American Wild Turkey Management Plan is designed to identify wild turkey habitat and potential habitat projects throughout North America using GIS (geographic information systems) technology. The plan has helped establish wild turkey populations on approximately 2,000,000 acres (8,100 km2) in North America. The future focus of the plan will be identifying key habitat projects and important areas for wild turkeys on a state by state basis. The plan has received national and international endorsement from the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies and the Trilateral Committee for Wildlife and Ecosystem Management.

### Go for the Gould's

Since 2003, the Arizona Game and Fish Department and the NWTF have transferred 320 Gould's wild turkeys from Mexico and Arizona to the Chiricahua, Huachuca and Pinalenos mountains, along with the Santa Ritas and Santa Catalinas mountains of southern Arizona, an area where the Gould's once thrived but was extirpated. Since 2000, the NWTF has spent more than $428,000 on Gould's wild turkey restoration.

### Project HELP

Project HELP (Habitat Enhancement Land Program) is an NWTF program developed to help landowners manage and enhance their land by providing guidance and offering seeds and seedlings at competitive prices. Since 1992, sales have resulted in more than 3 million pounds of seed and 2.5 million seedlings, equaling a total of 161,000 acres (650 km2) being planted for wild turkeys and other wildlife.

### Regional Habitat Programs

The NWTF's Regional Habitat Programs provide seeds, tree seedlings and other habitat improvement products to NWTF chapters and private landowners across North America. There are eight programs including:

Operation Appleseed (Northeast) Operation Oak (Southeast) Operation Heartland (Midwest) Operation SOS (Upper Midwest and Ontario, Canada) Operation Big Sky (Great Plains) Guzzlers for Gobblers (West) Southern Great Plains Riparian Initiative Northern Plains Riparian Restoration Initiative

Since 1997, the NWTF has planted 1.5 million seedlings, conducted 856 water development projects, provided 300 tons of oat hay and left 2,500 acres (10 km2) of standing grain to assist landowners with large wintering populations of wild turkeys. Through the Guzzlers program alone, the NWTF and its partners have put more than $3.5 million toward habitat improvement projects in the West. The regional habitat programs have improved more than 5,700,000 acres (23,000 km2) for wildlife.

## Outreach Programs

### Families Afield

The NWTF is leading the way in promoting youth hunting opportunities through the Families Field Initiative. Joining the NWTF to reduce hunting barriers, are the U.S. Sportsmenπs Alliance, the National Shooting Sports Foundation and the National Rifle Association. Through Families Afield, date from the Youth Hunting Report is used to help remove barriers for new and young hunters across the nation. To date, Families Afield legislation and regulation changes have helped introduce more than 87,000 new hunters to the field.

### JAKES/Xtreme JAKES

The NWTF's JAKES (Juniors Acquiring Knowledge, Ethics and Sportsmanship) program was developed in 1981 and is dedicated to teaching the principles of wildlife management and passing along the traditions of safe, ethical and responsible hunting, as well as other activities ranging from fishing to hiking. The program is designed for children up to age 12.

The NWTF's Xtreme JAKES program was developed in 2002 for teens between the ages of 13 and 18. The program provides advanced outdoor opportunities and challenges more in line with older teens' abilities and experiences.

### NWTF Academic Scholarship Program

Each year, the NWTF presents a $10,000 national scholarship to a college bound student, as well as several $1,000 state/provincial academic scholarships and many $250 local scholarships. The NWTF also partners with the FFA to provide a $5,000 scholarship to a student pursuing a wildlife management or agriculture degree. The scholarship fund is administered through the National FFA. Every year, nearly $500,000 in scholarships are available to JAKES/Xtreme JAKES members. To date, more than $2.2 million has been awarded by the NWTF through its scholarship program.

### Wheelin' Sportsmen NWTF

Wheelin' Sportsmen NWTF provides people with disabilities opportunities to enjoy the outdoors through local chapter events nationwide featuring activities such as hunting, fishing and shooting. Through this program, chapters host Wheelin' Sportsmen NWTF events across North America involving individuals with disabilities in the outdoors.

### Women in the Outdoors

Women in the Outdoors is dedicated to providing hands-on outdoor education for women. Outdoor learning events, which allow women to try activities ranging from hunting to hiking, are conducted throughout the United States and Canada.

### More Places to Hunt

More Places to Hunt is the NWTF program designed to help provide more land for hunters on both public and private land. The NWTF has already spent nearly $10 million and obtained more than 400,000 acres (1,600 km2) of land for hunters since 1987. Widespread urban sprawl, changes in land ownership and tightened state agency and federal budgets have left hunters with far less private and public access to quality wildlife areas. Studies by the National Shooting Sports Foundation indicate that one of the top reasons hunters give up the sport is that they cannot find places to hunt. As hunter numbers decline, state agencies lose revenue used to support habitat and places to hunt. The NWTF is trying to reverse this trend through land purchases, conservation easements, legislative action and partnerships.

### Television

The NWTF produces two television shows that can be seen on the Pursuit Channel:

* "Turkey Call" - is a fast-paced, magazine-style program with America's most popular game bird as the star of the show.
* "Get in the Game" - is a program that provides viewers with land management tips and secrets for attracting wildlife to their property.

"Primos Truth about Hunting"

### Magazines

* *Turkey Country* \- the flagship publication of the NWTF, is dedicated to everything from features and field research to updates on the latest products tailored to the turkey hunting enthusiast and conservationist.
* *JAKES* \- dedicated to news and information of interest to young people.
* *Xtreme JAKES* \- online magazine just for teens who enjoy the outdoors and hunting.

### Online Media

* www.nwtf.org - the NWTF's resource for everything wild turkey on the World Wide Web. It features the latest NWTF local and national news, turkey hunting and calling tips; banquet, calling contest and shooting event information; audio clips of turkey sounds and information about the wild turkey. It also provides links to the NWTF outreach sites, message boards and the Turkey Shoppe, an online store featuring hunting gear, conservation literature and NWTF products and clothing.
* MyoutdoorTV.com - features on demand videos of classic NWTF TV shows 24 hours a day.

## InfoBox

National Wild Turkey Federation
|
|  |
| Abbreviation | NWTF |
| Formation | 1973 (1973) |
| Type | Wildlife Conservation |
| Headquarters | Edgefield, South Carolina, United States |
| Region | North America |
| Membership | More than 250,000 |
| Key people | Becky Humphries, CEO |
| Website | https://www.nwtf.org/ |


title: Mo' Rock

abstract: Mo' Rock is an album by organist Baby Face Willette recorded in 1964 and released on the Argo label.

text:
# Mo' Rock

***Mo' Rock*** is an album by organist Baby Face Willette recorded in 1964 and released on the Argo label.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

Allmusic awarded the album 3 stars stating "Overall, *Mo' Rock* isn't quite up to the level of Willette's Blue Note sessions, but it's still a very respectable outing, and given the unfortunate skimpiness of his discography, his fans should find it rewarding enough to seek out".

## Track listing

All compositions by Roosevelt "Baby Face" Willette except where noted

1. "Mo-Roc" - 4:51
2. "Bantu Penda" - 5:19
3. "Dad's Theme" - 5:30
4. "But Not for Me" (George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin) - 4:12
5. "Misty" (Johnny Burke, Erroll Garner) - 3:58
6. "Unseen and Unknown" - 4:19
7. "Zip Five" - 5:19
8. "Sight in Darkness" - 5:09

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Mo' Rock | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Baby Face Willette | |
| Released | 1964 |
| Recorded | February 4 and March 17, 1964 |
| Studio | Ter Mar Recording Studio, Chicago, Illinois |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 38:15 |
| Label | Argo
LP-739 |
| Producer | Esmond Edwards |
| Baby Face Willette chronology | |
| *Stop and Listen*
(1961) ***Mo' Rock***
(1964) *Behind the 8 Ball*
(1964) | |


title: Peng Lei

abstract: Peng Lei, also known as Lucy Peng, is a Chinese billionaire businesswoman. She is one of the founders of the e-commerce company Alibaba Group. As of March 2017, Peng was one of 21 self-made women billionaires in China.

text:
# Peng Lei

**Peng Lei** (Chinese: 彭蕾 born 1972/73), also known as **Lucy Peng**, is a Chinese billionaire businesswoman. She is one of the founders of the e-commerce company Alibaba Group. As of March 2017, Peng was one of 21 self-made women billionaires in China.

## Career

Peng earned a degree in business administration in 1994 from Hangzhou Institute of Commerce, which was later renamed as Zhejiang Gongshang University. Following her graduation, she taught at the Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics for five years. Peng quit teaching shortly after marrying, and with her husband (who would later run Taobao, Alibaba's eBay reminiscent marketplace) joined Jack Ma in founding Alibaba in September 1999. They were one of the many husband and wife teams making up the 1/3rd ratio of women amongst Alibaba's founding partners that the company would later become positively praised for.

Her early responsibilities with the company involved managing the HR department of Alibaba, which she herself created. During this period, one of her notable accomplishments is developing the "mom and pop" model at Alibaba, in which one "mom" focused on teamwork and motivation, while one "pop" handled performance assessments.

From January 2010 to February 2013, Peng was the CEO of Alipay. Alipay became the most successful payment gateway within China under her management, expanding to over 800 million users as of 2014. As of the end of 2014, it was valued at around $60 billion.

In March 2013, Peng took over as CEO of Alibaba Small and Micro Financial Services. There, she made significant progress in searching for innovations in the mobile payments system.

In 2013, Peng's name was frequently floated by the Chinese press as a candidate for Alibaba's next CEO. However, another executive eventually got the job.

In 2014, Peng founded Ant Financial Services Group. In September 2015, Alibaba and Ant Financial together took a combined 40% stake in Indian mobile wallet operator Paytm, placing Peng as a member of its board of directors In 2016, Ant Financial broke the record for the world's largest private fundraising found for an internet company at $4.5 billion, placing the company at an approximately $60 billion valuation.

She also served as chief people officer, the chief human resources officer for Alibaba Group for over 10 years. In this position, she oversaw the approximately 35,000 employees under Alibaba.

Peng became a billionaire in 2014 based on Alibaba's valuation prior to its record-setting IPO. Following the suspending of that IPO and Jack Ma's disengaging from public appearance, Peng unexpectedly replaced him on these including the finale of Africa's Business Heroes in November 2019.

## Personal life

Three years after she began teaching, Peng married Sun Tongyu. She later divorced him for a short period, but then remarried him.

Porter Erisman in his 2012 documentary Crocodile in the Yangtze about Alibaba's early years, described Peng as "a funny and down-to-earth" leader. In 2015 Erisman, who is the former Vice President of Alibaba, published a book on *Alibaba's World: How a remarkable Chinese Company is Changing the Face of Global Business*.

## Accomplishments

As of 2016, Peng was listed as the 35th most powerful woman in the world by *Forbes*, #35 on their list of Power Women for 2016, and #17 on their list of Asia Power Women for 2016.

In 2015, she was ranked as the third richest woman in the tech sector by Wealth-X, and the #11 Most Powerful Woman in Asia by Fortune.

## InfoBox

| Peng Lei | |
| --- | --- |
| Chinese: 彭蕾 | |
| Born | 1972 or 1973 (age 51–52)
Wanzhou, Chongqing, China |
| Nationality | Chinese |
| Other names | Lucy Peng |
| Alma mater | Zhejiang Gongshang University |
| Occupation(s) | Co-founder & CEO, Ant Financial
Chief people officer, Alibaba |
| Spouse | Sun Tongyu |


title: Penannular

abstract:
Penannular means in the form of an incomplete circle or ring and may refer to:
  - Penannular brooch or Celtic brooch, a type of brooch clothes fasteners, often rather large
    - Pseudo-penannular brooch, a related type that appears to be penannular, with two large terminals, but actually forms a complete circle
  - Penannular ring
  - Penannular bracelet
  - A common form of earthworks; including some ditches around bowl barrows

text:
# Penannular

**Penannular** means in the form of an incomplete circle or ring and may refer to:

* Penannular brooch or Celtic brooch, a type of brooch clothes fasteners, often rather large
    + Pseudo-penannular brooch, a related type that appears to be penannular, with two large terminals, but actually forms a complete circle
* Penannular ring
* Penannular bracelet
* A common form of earthworks; including some ditches around bowl barrows


title: John Inglis McLaren

abstract: John Inglis McLaren was mayor of Hamilton, Ontario from 1909 to 1910.

text:
# John Inglis McLaren

**John Inglis McLaren** (September 2, 1865 – December 8, 1948) was mayor of Hamilton, Ontario from 1909 to 1910.

## Biography

John Inglis McLaren was born in Goderich, Canada West on September 2, 1865. He moved to Hamilton in 1879, and managed the Hamilton Coffee & Spice Company for 18 years. He married Bessie S. McClure in June 1892, and they had six children.

He was an alderman of Hamilton from 1907 to 1908, and was elected mayor in 1909 and 1910. He unsuccessfully ran for the House of Commons in 1911 and 1917.

McLaren was a principal organizer of the 91st Canadian Highlanders (now designated The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada (Princess Louise's)), and became a lieutenant colonel on April 2, 1912. He led the unit in combat during World War I.

He died in Hamilton on December 8, 1948.

## InfoBox

| John Inglis McLaren | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Mayor of Hamilton, Ontario | |
| **In office**
1909–1910 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1865-09-02)September 2, 1865
Goderich, Canada West |
| Died | December 8, 1948(1948-12-08) (aged 83)
Hamilton, Ontario |
| Political party | Liberal |
| Spouse | Bessie S. McClure (m. 1892) |
| Children | 6 |
| Occupation | Lawyer, politician |
|  | |


title: Rick Foley

abstract: Gilbert Anthony "Rick" Foley was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. He played 67 games in the National Hockey League with the Chicago Black Hawks, Philadelphia Flyers, and Detroit Red Wings between 1971 and 1973 and 11 games in the World Hockey Association with the Toronto Toros in 1975 and 1976. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1966 to 1978, was spent in the minor leagues.

text:
# Rick Foley

**Gilbert Anthony "Rick" Foley** (September 22, 1945 — September 29, 2015) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. He played 67 games in the National Hockey League with the Chicago Black Hawks, Philadelphia Flyers, and Detroit Red Wings between 1971 and 1973 and 11 games in the World Hockey Association with the Toronto Toros in 1975 and 1976. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1966 to 1978, was spent in the minor leagues.

## Playing career

During the game of December 15, 1971, Foley simultaneously fought both Jim Neilson and Glen Sather. The fight lasted about 30 seconds and was one of the rare times one player fought two. Foley was given a decision against both by those who witnessed the event. The two Ranger players received fighting majors while Foley only received one. Foley also received a game misconduct from referee Ron Wicks for reasons that remain unclear. He died on September 29, 2015.

## Career statistics

### Regular season and playoffs

|  | | |  | Regular season | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP |  |  | Pts | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1962–63 | Toronto Marlboros | MetJAHL | | 30 | 6 | 24 | 30 | 64 | | 9 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 23 |
| 1963–64 | Toronto Marlboros | OHA | | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1963–64 | Oshawa Generals | OHA | | 8 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 42 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1964–65 | St. Thomas Barons | WOJBHL | |  |  |  |  |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1965–66 | St. Thomas Barons | WOJBHL | | 36 | 25 | 39 | 64 | 222 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1966–67 | Jersey Devils | EHL | |  |  |  |  |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1966–67 | Charlotte Checkers | EHL | | 68 | 5 | 42 | 47 | 222 | | 8 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 29 |
| 1967–68 | Charlotte Checkers | EHL | | 71 | 17 | 80 | 97 | 192 | | 14 | 5 | 7 | 12 | 69 |
| 1968–69 | Dallas Black Hawks | CHL | | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1968–69 | Portland Buckaroos | WHL | | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1968–69 | Charlotte Checkers | EHL | | 66 | 22 | 58 | 80 | 216 | | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 6 |
| 1969–70 | Portland Buckaroos | WHL | | 71 | 7 | 38 | 45 | 227 | | 8 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 65 |
| 1970–71 | Portland Buckaroos | WHL | | 66 | 17 | 54 | 71 | 306 | | 9 | 2 | 9 | 11 | 44 |
| 1970–71 | Chicago Black Hawks | NHL | | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 | | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| 1971–72 | Philadelphia Flyers | NHL | | 58 | 11 | 25 | 36 | 168 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1972–73 | Richmond Robins | AHL | | 26 | 6 | 15 | 21 | 69 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1972–73 | San Diego Gulls | WHL | | 31 | 5 | 14 | 19 | 110 | | 6 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 32 |
| 1973–74 | Baltimore Clippers | AHL | | 65 | 14 | 56 | 70 | 164 | | 9 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 28 |
| 1973–74 | Detroit Red Wings | NHL | | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1974–75 | Syracuse Eagles | AHL | | 69 | 13 | 40 | 53 | 306 | | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| 1975–76 | Baltimore Clippers | AHL | | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 14 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1975–76 | Toronto Toros | WHA | | 11 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1976–77 | Brantford Alexanders | OHA Sr | | 17 | 2 | 14 | 16 | 76 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1977–78 | Brantford Alexanders | OHA Sr | | 6 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 20 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| WHA totals | | | | 11 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| NHL totals | | | | 67 | 11 | 26 | 37 | 180 | | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |

## InfoBox

| Rick Foley | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born | (1945-09-22)September 22, 1945
Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada | | |
| Died | September 29, 2015(2015-09-29) (aged 70)
Burlington, Ontario, Canada | | |
| Height | 6 ft 4 in (193 cm) | | |
| Weight | 223 lb (101 kg; 15 st 13 lb) | | |
| Position | Defence | | |
| Shot | Left | | |
| Played for | Chicago Black Hawks
Philadelphia Flyers
Detroit Red Wings
Toronto Toros | | |
| Playing career | 19661978 | | |


title: Martin Hall (Hendrix College)

abstract: Martin Hall is a dormitory on the campus of Hendrix College in Conway, Arkansas. It was built in 1918 to a design by noted Arkansas architect Charles L. Thompson. It is a three-story masonry structure, faced on dark red brick with stone trim elements. It has a wide central section topped by a gable roof, with projecting gabled sections at its ends. Its ground floor windows are set in arched openings giving it an arcaded appearance. The hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 for its architectural significance. Martin Hall closed for renovations in August 2021, as part of Hendrix College's Residence Hall Renewal Project. Updates to the hall will include, "new HVAC systems to address air quality, humidity, and moisture concerns; new plumbing to streamline maintenance; new layouts for bathrooms to increase privacy; reconfigured laundry areas and study/lounge spaces to promote interaction among residents; ADA-compliant entries and living arrangements; LED lighting upgrades; stronger wireless connectivity; and new doors and flooring throughout both buildings." The dorm reopened in August of 2022 for students to live it. It has space for 123 men with a mix of single, double and triple occupancy rooms.

text:
# Martin Hall (Hendrix College)

**Martin Hall** is a dormitory on the campus of Hendrix College in Conway, Arkansas. It was built in 1918 to a design by noted Arkansas architect Charles L. Thompson. It is a three-story masonry structure, faced on dark red brick with stone trim elements. It has a wide central section topped by a gable roof, with projecting gabled sections at its ends. Its ground floor windows are set in arched openings giving it an arcaded appearance. The hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 for its architectural significance.

Martin Hall closed for renovations in August 2021, as part of Hendrix College's Residence Hall Renewal Project. Updates to the hall will include, "new HVAC systems to address air quality, humidity, and moisture concerns; new plumbing to streamline maintenance; new layouts for bathrooms to increase privacy; reconfigured laundry areas and study/lounge spaces to promote interaction among residents; ADA-compliant entries and living arrangements; LED lighting upgrades; stronger wireless connectivity; and new doors and flooring throughout both buildings."

The dorm reopened in August of 2022 for students to live it. It has space for 123 men with a mix of single, double and triple occupancy rooms.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Martin Hall | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location in ArkansasLocation in United States | |
| Location | Hendrix College campus, Conway, Arkansas |
| Coordinates | 35°5′58″N 92°26′28″W / 35.09944°N 92.44111°W / 35.09944; -92.44111 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1918 (1918) |
| Architect | Thompson and Harding |
| Architectural style | Late Gothic Revival, Collegiate Gothic |
| MPS | Thompson, Charles L., Design Collection TR |
| NRHP reference No. | 82000815 |
| Added to NRHP | December 22, 1982 |


abstract: Hanover Township is a township in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,424, making it the most populous township in the county.

text:
# Hanover Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania

**Hanover Township** is a township in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,424, making it the most populous township in the county.

## History

Hanover Township was one of the original townships laid out by the Susquehanna Company of Connecticut. Captain Lazarus Stewart and dozens of his followers moved from Lancaster County into the Wyoming Valley in 1770; they fought for Connecticut in the Yankee-Pennamite Wars. For their service to Connecticut, Captain Stewart and his followers were granted a tract of land which became Hanover Township. The community was named after Lazarus Stewart's hometown of Hanover in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. In the early 1770s, Captain Lazarus Stewart built the first house in the Breslau section of the township (between Solomon Creek and the Susquehanna River).

Native American raids were very common in the Wyoming Valley in the 18th century. On July 3, 1778, Loyalist and Iroquois forces routed the Patriot militia at the Battle of Wyoming in present-day Exeter. Over two dozen Hanover Township residents were killed in the fight.

The original township occupied all the land from Wilkes-Barre to Newport Township, and all the land between the Susquehanna River and the Lehigh River. In the 19th century, the original township downsized when sections of it broke away to form new municipalities, including townships, boroughs, and cities.

In the following decades, coal mining became the major industry in and around Hanover Township. Coal breakers were constructed throughout the region. One, in particular, was built in modern-day Ashley; it was known as the Huber Breaker.

Following the collapse of the mining industry in Wyoming Valley, the breaker was demolished in 2014. Ashley Planes, a historic freight cable railroad in Hanover and Fairview Townships, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 19.2 square miles (49.8 km2), of which 18.9 square miles (48.9 km2) is land and 0.35 square miles (0.9 km2), or 1.82%, is water. The Susquehanna River drains the municipality and separates it from Larksville Borough, Plymouth Borough, and Plymouth Township. The north side of the township — near the river — is mainly low-lying (500 to 650 ft or 150 to 200 m above sea level); most of the township's homes and businesses reside in the northern and central portions of the township. The southern portion of the municipality is mountainous, rising to 2,148 feet (655 m) at the summit of Haystack Mountain on the southeast border. The township lies directly between the cities of Wilkes-Barre and Nanticoke.

The main thoroughfares in Hanover Township are the South Cross Valley Expressway (PA 29), the four-lane Sans Souci Parkway (locally pronounced "San Suey"), and the two-lane South Main Street. The former connects I-81 in the southeast with U.S. 11 in West Nanticoke which connects Wilkes-Barre and Nanticoke.

I-81 and PA 309 provide access to Hazleton, Wilkes-Barre Township, and Scranton. In the northern portion of the community, the Carey Ave Bridge, also known as the 1st Battalion, 109th Field Artillery Pennsylvania Army National Guard Bridge. crosses the Susquehanna River, linking Hanover Township to Plymouth and Larksville.

Hanover's 12 villages are Askam, Breslau, Buttonwood, Dundee, Hanover Green, Iona, Korn Krest, Lee Park, Lower Askam, Lyndwood, Newtown, and Preston. The township is part of Hanover Area School District, which is located in central Luzerne County.

### Neighboring municipalities

Three boroughs, Ashley, Sugar Notch, and Warrior Run, are surrounded by Hanover Township.

### Climate

The township has a humid continental climate (*Dfa*/*Dfb*) and the hardiness zone is 6a except in Dundee, where it is 6b. Average monthly temperatures in Askam range from 26.3 °F in January to 71.8 °F in July.

## Government

Hanover Township is governed by a board of seven commissioners. The following is a list of current board members:

* George L. Andrejko, vice-chairman
* Albert J. Bagusky
* George W. Bowers
* Russell P. Davis, chairman
* William L. Howatt
* Ronald Krushnowski
* Jeffrey P. Lewis

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1970 | 12,102 |  |  |
| 1980 | 12,601 |  | 4.1% |
| 1990 | 12,050 |  | −4.4% |
| 2000 | 11,488 |  | −4.7% |
| 2010 | 11,076 |  | −3.6% |
| 2020 | 11,424 |  | 3.1% |
| 2021 (est.) | 11,418 |  | −0.1% |
|  | | | |

As of the census of 2000, there were 11,488 people, 4,951 households, and 3,153 families residing in the township. The population density was 610.5 inhabitants per square mile (235.7/km2). There were 5,338 housing units at an average density of 283.7 per square mile (109.5/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 98.08% White, 0.96% African American, 0.02% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 0.12% from other races, and 0.64% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.60% of the population.

There were 4,951 households, out of which 27.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.6% were married couples living together, 14.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.3% were non-families. 32.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29, and the average family size was 2.90.

In the township the population was spread out, with 22.0% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 20.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.1 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $30,043, and the median income for a family was $37,883. Males had a median income of $29,679, versus $21,691 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,181. About 12.2% of families and 15.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.0% of those under age 18 and 13.9% of those age 65 or over.

## Transportation

Hanover Township is served by the Luzerne County Transportation Authority. The bus routes include:

* Route 13 (Wilkes-Barre, Ashley, and Sugar Notch)
* Routes 14 and 15 (Wilkes-Barre and Nanticoke)
* Route 22 (Wilkes-Barre and Plymouth)

41°12′00″N 75°52′28″W / 41.20000°N 75.87444°W / 41.20000; -75.87444

## InfoBox

| Hanover Township,
Luzerne County,
Pennsylvania | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Huber Breaker in Ashley Borough, as viewed from a farm in Hanover Township | |
| Motto: "A progressive growing community" | |
| Map of Luzerne County highlighting Hanover Township | |
| Map of Pennsylvania highlighting Luzerne County | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Pennsylvania |
| County | Luzerne |
| Settled | 1772 |
| Incorporated | 1790 |
| Area | |
| Total | 19.21 sq mi (49.77 km2) |
| Land | 18.87 sq mi (48.86 km2) |
| Water | 0.35 sq mi (0.90 km2) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 11,424 |
| Estimate (2021) | 11,418 |
| Density | 575.64/sq mi (222.25/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP codes | 18634, mostly 18706 |
| Area code(s) | 570 & 272 |
| FIPS code | 42-079-32416 |
| Website | hanovertownship.org |


title: Wolgast

abstract: Wolgast is a town in the district of Vorpommern-Greifswald, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is situated on the bank of the river Peenestrom, vis-a-vis the island of Usedom on the Baltic coast that can be accessed by road and railway via a movable bascule bridge. In December 2004, the town had a population of 12,725.

text:
# Wolgast

**Wolgast** (German pronunciation: \[ˈvɔlˌɡast\] ) is a town in the district of Vorpommern-Greifswald, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is situated on the bank of the river (or strait) Peenestrom, vis-a-vis the island of Usedom on the Baltic coast that can be accessed by road and railway via a movable bascule bridge (*Blaues Wunder*). In December 2004, the town had a population of 12,725.

## History

The precursor of present-day Wolgast was a Slavic Wendish stronghold located on an island within the Peenestrom sound. Contemporary sources called it *Hologost(a), Ologost, Woligost, Woligast, Wologost, Wolegast, Wolegust, Walagost(um), Walogost(um), Waløgost(um), Waloguslum, Walagust, Walegusth, Walægust, Walgust, Wolgast, Valagust, Wołogoszcz* or *Valegust*. Wilhelm Ferdinand Gadebusch traces the name through Wendish to mean a "large grove". It is unclear which of the tribes documented in the area the population belonged to, the Veleti/Lutici or Rani. In 1123/24, prince Henry of the Obodrites used the stronghold as a stepping stone in his campaign against the Rani.

In 1128, after the Pomeranian duke Wartislaw I had subdued the area, the Wends were baptized by Otto of Bamberg on his second Pomeranian mission, while Wartislaw was also present in the stronghold. During this time, there was an influx of thousands of Low German settlers from Groningen and Drenthe. In this context, Wolgast was described as a *opulentissima civitas* by the chronicler Ebo, it is however unclear whether this should be read as meaning opulent or mighty "castle" or "town". Otto destroyed a local temple devoted to Gerowit, a god of war, and replaced it with a church. The thesis that this first church was a predecessor of today's St. Peter's church has not yet been confirmed.

Wolgast was made the seat of a Pomeranian castellany, and played an important role in the 12th-century warfare between Pomeranians, Rani and the Danes. In 1162, Wolgast was targeted by an allied Danish-Rani fleet, and temporarily had to accept Danish suzerainty. In 1164, in the context of the battle of Verchen, a Danish force under Wetheman took control of Wolgast, and left it to a mixed Rani-Pomeranian-Obrodite garrison after peace was restored. Yet, the Rani (the Danish allies) were soon expelled by the Pomeranians, and the Obodrites (also Danish allies) left the scene. The Danes attacked Wolgast again in the summer of 1167, and again either in late 1167 or in 1168, and devastated the area. In 1177, another Danish assault on Wolgast failed, but a campaign in 1179 was successful, though the Danish fleet accepted money instead of a surrender. In 1184, Wolgast was unsuccessfully besieged by the Danes, but finally came under Danish control in 1185 when the Pomeranian duke accepted Danish suzerainty. While the Danes lost control over most of Pomerania in 1227, Wolgast remained a Danish bridgehead until either 1241/43 or 1250.

On the mainland opposite to island with the castle, a new planned town was built in the course of the Ostsiedlung. It is not known when exactly this city of Wolgast was granted German town law, though its existence is confirmed by a letter written in or before 1259. The original charter was issued by both Pomeranian dukes of the time, Wartislaw III and Barnim I, and a confirmation of the Lübeck law was issued in 1282 by duke Bogislaw IV.

Wolgast was residence of the Pomeranian dukes from 1285 until the ruling House of Pomerania became extinct in 1637. Capital of *Pomerania-Wolgast*, a longtime inner partition of the duchy, Wolgast Castle was built as a residential palace in Renaissance style on an island hence called *Castle Island*. The ducal line of Pomerania-Wolgast became extinct when Philipp Julius died without issue.

During the Thirty Years' War, the Swedish Empire occupied Wolgast in 1630 and kept it as a part of Swedish Pomerania until 1815. Between the 1670s to 1720s, hundreds of male residents enlisted in the VOC and emigrated to South Africa. The former ducal palace decayed, and the town was burned down in 1713 by Russian forces during the Great Northern War, in retaliation for Swedish arson in Altona. Only the church, four chapels and four more buildings were spared by the fire. Most houses of the Old Town therefore date back to the 18th and 19th centuries, the townhall was renewed after the fire in baroque style.

After the Swedish withdrawal from Pomerania in 1815, the city was integrated into the Prussian Province of Pomerania. Last remnants of the palace were removed in 1849. Wolgast prospered throughout the 19th century as a port for grain trade. In 1910 a Catholic Church was built for Polish workers

Wolgast lost its status as a Kreis capital on 12 June 1994, when Kreis Wolgast was merged into Kreis Ostvorpommern, which became part of Vorpommern-Greifswald in 2011.

## Museums

The town's history is presented in the *Stadtgeschichtliches Museum* (Towns' historical museum) in a building at the market place nicknamed *Kaffeemühle* (coffee grinder). The former house of painter Philipp Otto Runge is also a museum by now (*Rungemuseum*).

## Notable people

### Sport

## Bibliography

* Dubilski, Petra (2003). *Die Ostseeküste : Mecklenburg-Vorpommern* (in German) (2 ed.). DuMont. ISBN 3-7701-5926-8.
* Wolgast, Eike (1995). *Hochstift und Reformation: Studien zur Geschichte der Reichskirche zwischen 1517 und 1648* (in German). F. Steiner. ISBN 3-515-06526-1.
* Berger, Christine (2008). *Mecklenburg-Vorpommern* (in German) (7 ed.). Baedeker. ISBN 978-3-8297-1062-6.

## InfoBox

| Wolgast | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Old town hall of Wolgast | |
|  | |
| Location of Wolgast within Vorpommern-Greifswald district | |
| Wolgast Wolgast | |
| Coordinates: 54°03′N 13°46′E / 54.050°N 13.767°E / 54.050; 13.767 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Mecklenburg-Vorpommern |
| District | Vorpommern-Greifswald |
| Municipal assoc. | Am Peenestrom |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Stefan Weigler (Ind.) |
| Area | |
| Total | 61.53 km2 (23.76 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 5 m (16 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 12,055 |
| Density | 200/km2 (510/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 17438 |
| Dialling codes | 03836 |
| Vehicle registration | VG, WLG |


title: Mordellina stastnyi

abstract: Mordellina stastnyi is a species of beetle in the genus Mordellina. It was described in 2012.

text:
# Mordellina stastnyi

***Mordellina stastnyi*** is a species of beetle in the genus *Mordellina*. It was described in 2012.

## InfoBox

| *Mordellina stastnyi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Subfamily: | Mordellinae |
| Tribe: | Mordellini |
| Genus: | *Mordellina* |
| Species: | ***M. stastnyi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordellina stastnyi***<br>Horák, Farkac & Nakládal, 2012 | |
|


title: Zoran D. Nikolić

abstract: Zoran D. Nikolić is a politician in Serbia. He was a member of the National Assembly of Serbia from 1993 to 2004 and briefly served as a justice minister in Serbia's transitional government after the fall of Slobodan Milošević. He later became the mayor of Kovin and is now a member of Kovin's municipal assembly. Nikolić has been a member of the Socialist Party of Serbia for most of his political career.

text:
# Zoran D. Nikolić

**Zoran D. Nikolić** (Serbian Cyrillic: Зоран Д. Николић; born 1958) is a politician in Serbia. He was a member of the National Assembly of Serbia from 1993 to 2004 and briefly served as a justice minister in Serbia's transitional government after the fall of Slobodan Milošević. He later became the mayor of Kovin and is now a member of Kovin's municipal assembly. Nikolić has been a member of the Socialist Party of Serbia (*Socijalistička partija Srbije*, SPS) for most of his political career.

## Early life and private career

Nikolić was born in Kovin, Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, in what was then the People's Republic of Serbia in the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia. He graduated from the University of Belgrade Faculty of Law and worked for a time as a judge overseeing misdemeanour offences.

## Politician

### National Assembly of Serbia (1992–2004)

#### The Milošević Years (1992–2000)

Nikolić received the ninth position on the Socialist Party's electoral list for Zrenjanin in the 1992 Serbian parliamentary election. The list won eight seats, and he was included in his party's delegation when the assembly convened in early 1993. (From 1992 to 2000, Serbia's electoral law stipulated that one-third of parliamentary mandates would be assigned to candidates on successful lists in numerical order, while the remaining two-thirds would be distributed amongst other candidates at the discretion of sponsoring parties or coalitions. Nikolić's comparatively low position on the list did not prevent him from receiving a mandate.) The Socialists won a plurality victory in the election and initially governed in a sort of informal alliance with the far-right Serbian Radical Party (*Srpska radikalna stranka*, SRS). This alliance broke down later in the year, and a new election was called for late 1993.

Nikolić appeared in the eleventh position on the SPS's list for Zrenjanin in 1993 and was awarded a mandate for a second term when the list won ten seats. The Socialists increased their seat total in this election and afterward formed a new administration with New Democracy (*Nova Demokratija*, ND). Nikolić again served as a government supporter and became chair of the assembly's legislative committee.

For the 1997 parliamentary election, Nikolić was given the second position on the Socialist Party's list for the new, smaller Pančevo division and was re-elected when the list won four seats. The SPS won a third consecutive plurality victory (in conjunction with its allies) and formed a new government in early 1998 with the SRS and the Yugoslav Left (*Jugoslovenska Levica*, JUL). Nikolić once again served as a government supporter and chaired the legislative committee.

#### After the Fall of Milošević (2000–04)

SPS leader Slobodan Milošević was defeated by Vojislav Koštunica of the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (*Demokratska opozicija Srbije*, DOS) in the 2000 Yugoslavian presidential election, a watershed moment in Serbian and Yugoslavian politics. The government of Serbia fell shortly thereafter, and a provisional government was formed pending a new republican election; the DOS, SPS, and Serbian Renewal Movement (*Srpski pokret obnove*, SPO), all participated in the administration. The justice department was overseen by three ministers, one from each political entity; Nikolić was chosen as the SPS's representative. In October 2000, all three co-ministers met with the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to discuss the topics of persons from Kosovo and Metohija being held in Serbia's penal institutions and non-Albanians who had disappeared from the province during the recent Kosovo War. The following month, Nikolić successfully negotiated with inmates who had taken over a Niš prison to permit the return of guards to the institution. During his time as a cabinet minister, Nikolić was also commissioner for the South Banat District.

Serbia's electoral system was reformed for the 2000 parliamentary election, such that the entire country became a single electoral division and all mandates were awarded to candidates on successful lists at the discretion of the sponsoring parties or coalitions, irrespective of numerical order. Nikolić received the 155th position on the SPS's list (which was largely alphabetical) and was awarded a mandate for a fourth term when the list won thirty-seven seats. The DOS won a landslide majority in this election, the SPS served for the first time in opposition. Nikolić's term as a cabinet minister ended when a new administration was formed on 25 January 2001.

The SPS experienced a serious split in 2002, with several dissident members ultimately forming the breakaway Socialist People's Party (*Socijalistička Narodna Stranka*, SNS). Nikolić was among the more prominent figures to join the new party.

During his final term in the national assembly, Nikolić was a member of the legislative committee, the committee on constitutional affairs, the committee on justice and administration, the administrative committee, and the committee on defence and security. He was nominated to a lustration committee addressing human rights violations of the previous administration, but he declined to serve.

He appeared in the fifth position on the Socialist People's Party list in the 2003 parliamentary election. The list did not cross the electoral threshold, and his mandate ended when the new assembly convened in early 2004.

### Local politics (2013–present)

Nikolić later rejoined the SPS and has become a prominent figure in the local politics of Kovin.

Serbia's electoral system was reformed again in 2011, such that all mandates were awarded to candidates on successful lists in numerical order. Nikolić was given the third position on the SPS's list for the Kovin municipal assembly in the 2013 Serbian local elections and was elected when the list won six out of forty-five seats. The Serbian Progressive Party (*Srpska napredna stranka*, SNS) won a majority victory in the election, and the Socialists initially served in opposition. The local Progressive organization subsequently become divided, however, and there were several changes over the municipality's government in the next four years. In June 2015, Nikolić became mayor in an administration that included the SPS, the Democratic Party (*Demokratska Stranka*, DS), the Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians (*Vajdasági Magyar Szövetség*, VMSZ), and dissident members of the Progressives. This alliance did not remain intact for long, and the Progressives returned to office in September of the same year.

Nikolić appeared in the forty-sixth position on the SPS's list in the 2016 Vojvodina provincial election; the list won twelve seats, and he was not elected. He later appeared in the first position on the party's list for Kovin in the 2017 Serbian local elections and was re-elected when the list won seven seats. The Progressives formed a new administration with the Socialists after the election, and Nikolić was appointed as deputy mayor. He served in this role for three years, and in February 2000 he was appointed to a provisional administration that governed the municipality pending early elections.

He again led the SPS list for Kovin in the 2020 Serbian local elections and was re-elected when the list won nine seats. As of 2022, he continues to serve in the local assembly.


title: Mo'ath Alkhawaldeh

abstract: Moʼath Alkhawaldeh is a marathon runner who ran for Jordan in the 2024 Summer Olympics. He also works for Princeton University as a Financial Manager. Runner's World has featured him as one of the top 50 Most Influential People in Running worldwide, and he was also a recipient of the 2017 Athletes in Excellence Award from The Foundation for Global Sports Development. He is a graduate of the New York Institute of Technology.

text:
# Mo'ath Alkhawaldeh

**Moʼath Alkhawaldeh** (born 22 October 1988) is a marathon runner who ran for Jordan in the 2024 Summer Olympics. He also works for Princeton University as a Financial Manager. Runner's World has featured him as one of the top 50 Most Influential People in Running worldwide, and he was also a recipient of the 2017 Athletes in Excellence Award from The Foundation for Global Sports Development. He is a graduate of the New York Institute of Technology.


title: Pentameris

abstract: Pentameris is a genus of plants in the grass family, native primarily to Africa, with a few species in Yemen and on certain islands in the Indian Ocean. A significant number of species are endemic to South Africa.

text:
# Pentameris

***Pentameris*** is a genus of plants in the grass family, native primarily to Africa, with a few species in Yemen and on certain islands in the Indian Ocean.

A significant number of species are endemic to South Africa.

## Species

As of April 2023, Plants of the World Online accepted the following species:

### Formerly included

See *Chaetobromus*, *Danthonia*, *Merxmuellera*, *Pseudopentameris*, *Tenaxia*. Some formerly included species are:

## InfoBox

| *Pentameris* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Danthonioideae |
| Tribe: | Danthonieae |
| Genus: | *Pentameris*
P.Beauv. |
|
| Type species | |
| *Pentameris thuarii*
P.Beauv. | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Danthonia* sect. *Pentameris* (P. Beauv.) Trin. * *Danthonia* subg. *Pentameris* (P. Beauv.) Nees * *Prionanthium* Desv. * *Prionachne* Nees * *Chondrolaena* Nees * *Achneria* Munro 1868, illegitimate homonym not P. Beauv. 1812 * *Pentaschistis* Stapf * *Poagrostis* Stapf * *Afrachneria* Sprague | |


title: Foster's Crown Law

abstract: A Report of Some Proceedings on the Commission for the Trial of the Rebels in the Year 1746, in the County of Surry; And of Other Crown Cases: to which are Added Discourses Upon a Few Branches of the Crown Law, usually called simply Crown Law or Crown Cases, is an influential treatise on the English criminal law. It was written by Sir Michael Foster (1689–1763), judge of the King's Bench and later edited by his nephew, Michael Dodson, barrister at law. It was first published in 1762. The third edition, edited by Dodson, and with an appendix containing new cases, was published in 1792 and seems to have been republished in 1809. The book is divided into two sections. The first part, The Report, usually called Crown Cases, is a series of law reports. The second part, The Discourses, usually called Crown Law is essentially a textbook. The Report covers the trials of the participants in the second Jacobite Rising of 1745.

text:
# Foster's Crown Law

***A Report of Some Proceedings on the Commission for the Trial of the Rebels in the Year 1746, in the County of Surry; And of Other Crown Cases: to which are Added Discourses Upon a Few Branches of the Crown Law***, usually called simply ***Crown Law*** or ***Crown Cases***, is an influential treatise on the English criminal law. It was written by Sir Michael Foster (1689–1763), judge of the King's Bench and later edited by his nephew, Michael Dodson, barrister at law. It was first published in 1762. The third edition, edited by Dodson, and with an appendix containing new cases, was published in 1792 and seems to have been republished in 1809.

The book is divided into two sections. The first part, *The Report*, usually called ***Crown Cases***, is a series of law reports. The second part, *The Discourses*, usually called ***Crown Law*** is essentially a textbook. *The Report* covers the trials of the participants in the second Jacobite Rising of 1745.

Third edition of this book from Google Books:

* 1792 print
* Another copy of the 1792 print
* 1809 Reprint