title: Sahamalaza sportive lemur

abstract: The Sahamalaza sportive lemur is a species of sportive lemur endemic to northern Madagascar.

text:
# Sahamalaza sportive lemur

The **Sahamalaza sportive lemur** (***Lepilemur sahamalaza***) is a species of sportive lemur endemic to northern Madagascar.

## Taxonomy

The sportive lemurs (Lepilemuridae) constitute a family with only a single genus, *Lepilemur*. Relationships within this genus are not yet completely resolved, and genetic analyses continue to suggest reclassifications of current species. *L. sahamalaza* was split from *L. dorsalis* in 2006 after the latter taxon was found to be paraphyletic. The 2006 description of this species was considered invalid by ICZN standards, and it was formally described in 2017. In 2017, its name was changed from *Lepilemur sahamalazensis* to *Lepilemur sahamalaza*.

## Description

The Sahamalaza sportive lemur is nocturnal and therefore has large orange eyes which are adapted for seeing in the dark. Individuals weigh 700–900 g (25–32 oz), with females being up to 200 g (7.1 oz) heavier than males. Head-to-body length is approximately 26 cm (10 in), and the tail is equally long. The color of the fur has elements of grey and red-brown, but this is variable depending on light conditions and possibly age of individuals. The lemur has lighter belly fur, which ranges from grey to creamy colored. It has a pronounced sense of smell, and the tip of its nose is moist and very sensitive.

## Distribution and habitat

The Sahamalaza sportive lemur is endemic to the Sahamalaza Peninsula in northwestern Madagascar. The peninsula is part of a transition zone between the Sambirano region and the deciduous forest region. The peninsula has been subject to extensive anthropogenic deforestation, and no intact forests remain. The remaining forest consists of five forest fragments. Of these, the most frequently studied is the Ankarafa forest (extent 13°52′S / 45°38′E to 14°27′S / 47°46′E). The Ankarafa forest lies on the transition zone, harboring semi humid forest with tree heights up to 25 m (82 ft). Sahamalaza sportive lemurs like areas with high tree density and canopy cover with many sleeping places. The climate here is seasonal; May–October is cool and dry, while November–April is hot and rainy.

## Ecology

### Diet

The majority of the sportive lemurs’ diet consists of leaves, but it will also take fruit, flowers, sap, bark and small invertebrates. Leaf-eating primates are rarely nocturnal, presumably because leaves are relatively low in sugars at night, since photosynthesis occurs at a lower rate or not at all. The metabolic rates of *Lepilemur* species are amongst the lowest recorded in mammalian folivores, and they are highly adapted for surviving on this diet. It has been suggested that *Lepilemur* species can only fulfil their dietary requirements with the aid of coprophagy (consuming their own feces).

### Behaviour

The Sahamalaza sportive lemur is predominantly arboreal, moving between trees with long jumps powered by its strong hind legs. On the ground, it hops like a kangaroo. It is active and quite vocal at night. By day it hides among leaves or in holes in tree trunks. When resting in tree holes, they like to lay closer to the entrance to feel/be in the sunlight. During its nocturnal activities, the species was found to spend 47% of the time resting and 18% of the time feeding. It is solitary and defends its territory vehemently against same-sex intruders. Territories of males and females can overlap. Sportive lemurs have been found to be inactive for around 50% of their waking time, to rest without much motion for up to 2 hours at a time and to travel on average only 343 m (1,125 ft) per night. Prolonged rates of inactivity presumably allow the digestion and detoxification of low quality food and reduction of overall energy expenditure.

The Sahamalaza sportive lemur attends other species’ alarm calls for predator alerts, a habit confirmed by experiments: when the call of a harrier hawk (a predator to Sahamalaza lemurs) was played near them, they became more alert and scanned the sky.

## Threats

The Sahamalaza sportive lemur is preyed on by the Malagasy tree boa while sleeping during the day, as well as by birds of prey when in the open. The main anthropogenic threats to the species are habitat loss from deforestation (mostly logging) and subsistence hunting. The Sahamalaza - Iles Radama Nation Park was created in an effort to help increase the population and recoup habitat losses . Wildfires (May to October) are also believed to have an impact.

## Conservation

A 2007 survey estimated a total population size of about 3000 individuals across multiple species within the *Lepilemur* complex, not all of which can be ascribed to this species. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) currently classifies the species as critically endangered, largely on the basis of this survey. It is believed that populations have increased as a result of protection.

Networks such as the Association Européenne pour I'Etude et la Conservation des Lémuriens (AEECL) have worked continuously since 2001 to reserve space for the Sahamalaza - Iles Radama National Park; in September 2001 the Sahamalaza Peninsula has been declared a UNESCO biosphere reserve. A partnership with the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) helped gain publicity for the program. The main goal of AEECL's work is to ensure that critically endangered lemurs, such as the blue-eyed black lemur and Sahamalaza sportive lemur, retain habitats safe from human interference.

## InfoBox

| Sahamalaza sportive lemur | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Critically Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| CITES Appendix I (CITES) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Primates |
| Suborder: | Strepsirrhini |
| Family: | Lepilemuridae |
| Genus: | *Lepilemur* |
| Species: | ***L. sahamalaza*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lepilemur sahamalaza***
Andriaholinirina *et al.*, 2017 | |
|
|  | |
| Distribution of *L. sahamalaza* | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *sahamalazensis* Andriaholinirina et al., 2006 | |


title: Sahamadio, Farafangana

abstract: Sahamadio is a town and commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Farafangana, which is a part of Atsimo-Atsinanana Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 21,000 in 2001 commune census. Only primary schooling is available. The majority 99.9% of the population of the commune are farmers. The most important crops are rice and coffee, while other important agricultural products are cassava and pepper. Services provide employment for 0.1% of the population.

text:
# Sahamadio, Farafangana

**Sahamadio** is a town and commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Farafangana, which is a part of Atsimo-Atsinanana Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 21,000 in 2001 commune census.

Only primary schooling is available. The majority 99.9% of the population of the commune are farmers. The most important crops are rice and coffee, while other important agricultural products are cassava and pepper. Services provide employment for 0.1% of the population.

## References and notes

22°31′S 47°34′E / 22.517°S 47.567°E / -22.517; 47.567

## InfoBox

| Sahamadio | |
| --- | --- |
| SahamadioLocation in Madagascar | |
| Coordinates: 22°31′S 47°34′E / 22.517°S 47.567°E / -22.517; 47.567 | |
| Country | Madagascar |
| Region | Atsimo-Atsinanana |
| District | Farafangana |
| Elevation | 38 m (125 ft) |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 21,000 |
| Time zone | UTC3 (EAT) |


title: Saint-Julien-de-Raz

abstract: Saint-Julien-de-Raz is a former commune in the Isère department in southeastern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune La Sure en Chartreuse.

text:
# Saint-Julien-de-Raz

**Saint-Julien-de-Raz** is a former commune in the Isère department in southeastern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune La Sure en Chartreuse.

## Population

Historical population
| Year Pop. ±%  1793 274       1806 295 +7.7%  1821 345 +16.9%  1831 356 +3.2%  1841 382 +7.3%  1851 377 −1.3%  1861 317 −15.9%  1872 312 −1.6%  1881 281 −9.9%  1891 260 −7.5%  1901 210 −19.2%  1911 185 −11.9% | Year Pop. ±%  1921 128 −30.8%  1931 123 −3.9%  1946 196 +59.3%  1954 214 +9.2%  1962 148 −30.8%  1968 165 +11.5%  1975 228 +38.2%  1982 318 +39.5%  1990 353 +11.0%  1999 443 +25.5%  2006 435 −1.8%  2011 433 −0.5% |
| --- | --- |

## InfoBox

| Saint-Julien-de-Raz | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of La Sure en Chartreuse | |
|  | |
| Location of Saint-Julien-de-Raz | |
| Saint-Julien-de-RazSaint-Julien-de-Raz | |
| Coordinates: 45°21′02″N 5°39′45″E / 45.3506°N 5.6625°E / 45.3506; 5.6625 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes |
| Department | Isère |
| Arrondissement | Grenoble |
| Canton | Voiron |
| Commune | La Sure en Chartreuse |
| Area**1** | 10.81 km2 (4.17 sq mi) |
| Population (2014) | 428 |
| Density | 40/km2 (100/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 38134 |
| Elevation | 463–1,891 m (1,519–6,204 ft)
(avg. 630 m or 2,070 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Homewood Inn

abstract: Homewood Inn is a former inn that was in business in Yarmouth, Maine, from 1912 to 1992. Although the buildings are still standing, they are now used as private residential units. The original "Homewood" was built in the 18th century by "rugged coastmen."

text:
# Homewood Inn

**Homewood Inn** is a former inn that was in business in Yarmouth, Maine, from 1912 to 1992. Although the buildings are still standing, they are now used as private residential units.

The original "Homewood" was built in the 18th century by "rugged coastmen."

## History

Prior to the construction of the buildings that made up the Homewood Inn development, Captain James Munroe Bucknam's 115-acre farm occupied the area. His home, today's 215 Drinkwater Point Road, built in 1740, is the former main building of the complex, originally known as Trimble Farm. Bucknam's land extended west to where Bucknam Point Road is today. The inn's official address was 196 Drinkwater Point Road.

In 1915, Burton Prentiss Lyman (1878–1942) was the proprietor of "The Homewood and Cottages" at "Yarmouth-by-the-Sea."

Fred and Doris Webster founded the Homewood Inn in 1942. Their son, Fred Jr., took over the business and ran it with his wife, Colleen.

In the 1950s, Bette Davis stayed at the inn for six months, which she mentioned in her autobiography:

> When I was well enough, we said good-bye to New York, loaded the station wagon, Gary and I, a governess and the three children -- plus Tinker Belle, B.D.'s poodle and a parakeet in a cage -- and drove to Homewood Inn in Yarmouth, Maine, which Gary had found for us. We arrived there in April and stayed until September.

The property is a few hundred feet from the shores of Casco Bay, which was a big draw for its guests.

Fred Webster Sr. died in 1974, aged 77. Doris survived him by 17 years, and is buried beside her husband in Yarmouth's Riverside Cemetery. Fred Jr. died in 2015, aged 84. Colleen survived him by five years. Upon her death in 2020, aged 89, she was also buried beside her husband at Riverside Cemetery.

The inn closed in 1992, a year after Doris's death at the age of 89, after fifty years in business.

43°46′28″N 70°09′27″W / 43.7745°N 70.1576°W / 43.7745; -70.1576

## InfoBox

Homewood Inn
|
|  |
| Company type | Inn |
| Founded | 1912 |
| Defunct | 1992 (1992) |
| Headquarters | Yarmouth, Maine, U.S. |
| Key people | Fred Webster Sr.
Doris Webster
Fred Webster Jr. Colleen Webster |


title: Saint Tiburtius

abstract: Tiburtius, according to Christian legend, was a Christian martyr and saint. His feast day is 11 August which is the same as Saint Susanna. The two were not related, but are sometimes associated because they are venerated on the same day.

text:
# Saint Tiburtius

**Tiburtius**, according to Christian legend, was a Christian martyr and saint. His feast day is 11 August which is the same as Saint Susanna. The two were not related, but are sometimes associated because they are venerated on the same day.

## Hagiography

The story is related in the legend of Sebastian that Agrestius Chromatius, allegedly prefect of Rome, condemned several Christians to death. The prefect, however, was converted by Tranquillinus, father of Mark and Marcellian, and baptized by Polycarp.

Tiburtius was the only son of Agrestius Chromatius; he was also baptized through the persuasion of Sebastian, who was his godfather in baptism, according to this legend.

Tiburtius lay hidden during the persecution by Roman Emperor Diocletian in his father's house. Accused by a traitor, he was brought before the (allegedly) prefect Fabianus and tried. He confessed his faith, which he confirmed by a miracle, for, protecting himself only by the sign of the cross, he walked barefoot over red-hot coals without suffering any injury. But the miracle was ascribed to magic and Tiburtius was beheaded at the third milestone of the Via Labicana in the year 286. The spot of execution was called "at the two laurel trees" (*ad duas lauros*).

Tiburtius is mentioned in 23 epigram of Pope Damasus I (366–384):

When the sword cut the pious entrails of the mother, the outstanding martyr, despising the prince of the world, seeks the heights of heaven in the company of Christ. Here for you will ever remain saintly honour and praises. Kind Tiburtius, beloved of God, I beg you take care of Damasus.

Tiburtius is spoken of in the Roman Martyrology for 11 August in the following terms: "At Rome, in the cemetery at the two laurel trees at the third milestone on the Via Labicana, Saint Tiburtius, martyr, whose praises Pope Saint Damasus sang." The commemoration of him that was included in the General Roman Calendar was removed in 1969, because "apart from his name, the only thing known of him is that he was buried in the *Inter duas lauros* cemetery on the Via Labicana on an 11 August".

## Sources

* This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Sts. Tiburtius and Susanna". *Catholic Encyclopedia*. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

## InfoBox

| Saint
Tiburtius | |
| --- | --- |
| Tiburtius walking on coals | |
| Martyrs | |
| Died | 3rd century
Rome |
| Venerated in | Eastern Orthodox Church
Roman Catholic Church
Oriental Orthodoxy |
| Feast | 11 August |


title: Sahara Medical College

abstract: Sahara Medical College or SMC, established in 2015, is a private-sector college of medicine and health sciences, located on Muridke Road Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan. It is registered with Pakistan Medical and Dental Council (PMDC), listed in World Directory of Medical Schools, affiliated with UHS and approved by Ministry of Health. The medical college has one private sector teaching hospital "SSMC" Sughra Shafi Medical Complex Narowal for undergraduate and postgraduate medical education & training. “Sughra Shafi Medical Complex-Narowal, a 600 bedded PMDC certified General Hospital, is providing state of art healthcare facilities to more than 4.5 million population of the catchment area.

text:
# Sahara Medical College

**Sahara Medical College** or **SMC**, established in 2015, is a private-sector college of medicine and health sciences, located on Muridke Road Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan. It is registered with Pakistan Medical and Dental Council (PMDC), listed in World Directory of Medical Schools, affiliated with UHS and approved by Ministry of Health. The medical college has one private sector teaching hospital "SSMC" Sughra Shafi Medical Complex Narowal for undergraduate and postgraduate medical education & training. “Sughra Shafi Medical Complex-Narowal, a 600 bedded PMDC certified General Hospital, is providing state of art healthcare facilities to more than 4.5 million population of the catchment area.

## Environment

Sahara medical college is equipped with laboratories, departmental museums, lecture halls & tutorial rooms, library, digital library, auditorium, campus-wide WiFi facility and standby power source.

## Programs

SMC college offers undergraduate programs of MBBS and Allied Health sciences as well as post graduate residency and fellowship programs at its attached teaching hospitals.

## InfoBox

Sahara Medical College
| SMC | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Private |
| Established | 2015-16 (2015-16) |
| Affiliation | UHS, HEC |
| Chairperson | Abrar ul Haq |
| Principal | Shariq Sohail Jafar |
| Undergraduates | 500 |
| Location | Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan<br>32°06′51″N 74°50′39″E / 32.11414°N 74.84421°E / 32.11414; 74.84421 |
| Website | Official website |


title: Sai Ying Pun Community Complex

abstract: Sai Ying Pun Community Complex is located at 2 High Street, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong. It is a nine-storey building built on the site of the Old Mental Hospital, of which only the granite façade and arched verandah were preserved.

text:
# Sai Ying Pun Community Complex

| Sai Ying Pun Community Complex | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Traditional Chinese | 西營盤社區綜合大樓 |
| Simplified Chinese | 西营盘社区综合大楼 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Xī Yíngpán Shèqū Zōnghé Dàlóu  Yue: Cantonese  Yale Romanization Sāi yìhng pùhn séh kēui jung hahp daaih làuh  Jyutping Sai1 jing4 pun4 se5 koei1 zung3 hap6 daai6 lau4 | |
| Old Mental Hospital | |
| Traditional Chinese | 舊精神病院 |
| Simplified Chinese | 旧精神病院 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Jiù Jīngshén Bìngyuàn  Yue: Cantonese  Yale Romanization Gauh jīng sàhn behng yún  Jyutping Gau6 zing1 san4 beng6 jyun2 | |
|  | |

**Sai Ying Pun Community Complex** is located at 2 High Street, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong. It is a nine-storey building built on the site of the **Old Mental Hospital**, of which only the granite façade and arched verandah were preserved.

## History

The Old Mental Hospital was built in 1892. It was designed by Danby & Leigh (now Leigh & Orange). It was used as a quarters for the European nursing staff of the Civil Hospital (1846-1937) until the World War II. Originally, it contained only 10 bedrooms for the nurses, a matron's office, a chemical laboratory, 12 servants' quarters and other living, dining, kitchen, office and storage facilities. In the 1940s, the east wing was extended and six more arches were added to the original north facade, containing 18 arches with a pediment marking the middle and turrets at the ends to form a classically proportioned structure, during an extension uphill. The building was used to accommodate staff in 1941.

### Mental hospital

It was turned into a mental hospital after the war. In 1947, this mental hospital was the only one of its type in the city when the population in Hong Kong was one and a half million.

The building was a female block of the mental hospital in the 1940s.

It continued to function as such until the Castle Peak Mental Hospital opened in 1961, and switched back as a day treatment centre for psychiatric out-patients until 1971.

### High Street ghost house

Tales of ghostly sightings were spread since it was abandoned in the 1970s. Therefore, it is popularly known as "High Street Ghost House" or *Haunted House in High Street*. This building became the haunt of curious teenagers and drug addicts who used the methadone clinic nearby before the reconstruction, because the building remained unoccupied for 20 years from 1970s.

It fell into disrepair and was badly ruined by two fires, which were believed to be inadvertently started by trespassers. The Hong Kong Government decided in 1990s to keep the façade and rebuild a community centre within. In 2001, work was finally completed.

Therefore, only the north façade of the historic building is restored and preserved during the construction of Sai Ying Pun Community Complex as the historic building is the only specimen of its kind in Hong Kong.

The remains of the historic building is a Grade I Historic Building. It is part of the Central and Western Heritage Trail.

## Facilities

There is a community hall in the Sai Ying Pun Community Complex. It now houses several charity organizations, which provide services to the local community.

1. "From British Colonization to Japanese Invasion" (PDF). *HKIA Journal* (45: 50 years of Hong Kong Institute of Architects): 45. 30 May 2006.
2. Antiquities and Monuments Office: Brief Information on Proposed Grade 1 Items. Item #97.
3. WH Lo. 2003. *A Century (1885 to 1985) of Development of Psychiatric Services in Hong Kong — with Special Reference to Personal Experience* Hong Kong J Psychiatry 13(4):21-29
4. Properties

22°17′06″N 114°08′39″E / 22.284892°N 114.144081°E / 22.284892; 114.144081

## InfoBox

| Sai Ying Pun Community Complex | |
| --- | --- |
| 西營盤社區綜合大樓 | |
| Sai Ying Pun Community Complex has a Victorian facade with a modern building superimposed on it. | |
|  | |
| Former names | Old Mental Hospital |
| General information | |
| Classification | Grade I declared monument |
| Location | Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong |
| Address | 2 High Street |
| Country | Hong Kong (special administrative region of the PRC) |
| Completed | 1892 (1892) |
| Height | |
| Top floor | 9 |
| Technical details | |
| Material | Granite |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Danby & Leigh |


abstract: The Hong Kong Defence Force was the main Imperial Japanese Army formation responsible for garrison duties during the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong. It was formed in January 1942 and disbanded after the end of the war in August 1945.

text:
# Hong Kong Defence Force (Imperial Japanese Army)

The **Hong Kong Defence Force** was the main Imperial Japanese Army formation responsible for garrison duties during the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong. It was formed in January 1942 and disbanded after the end of the war in August 1945.

## Structure and history

The Hong Kong Defence Force was established on 19 January 1942, following the Japanese victory during the Battle of Hong Kong in December 1941. The 38th Division, which had been the main Imperial Japanese Army unit responsible for capturing the British colony, departed the same month. The Hong Kong Defence Force reported to the Japanese Government of the Hong Kong Occupied Territory. The other Japanese military units stationed in Hong Kong from early 1942 were the small Hong Kong Artillery Force and the Imperial Japanese Navy's Hong Kong Base Force, which formed part of the 2nd China Expeditionary Fleet.

The Hong Kong Defence Force had a similar structure to the Imperial Japanese Army's Independent Mixed Brigades, which were also initially established to occupy Japanese-held territory. Its main elements were three infantry battalions, the 67th, 68th and 69th Independent Infantry Battalions. These battalions were supported by an artillery unit which comprised six anti-aircraft guns, a trench mortar battery and two field artillery batteries. The Hong Kong Defence Force also had a hospital. The authorised strength was 106 officers and 3,028 enlisted men. This structure remained unchanged until the force's disbandment following the end of the war.

The three infantry battalions were stationed at Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and the New Territories. The battalions in Kowloon and the New Territories operated in urban areas, along the Kowloon-Canton Railway and at four posts. The size of the Hong Kong Defence Force proved too small, and a detachment of 250 soldiers from the Twenty-Third Army was also stationed in Hong Kong.

During the later stages of the war, the Japanese forces in Hong Kong constructed many fortifications along the territory. Some were concrete pillboxes that were built at key junctions and strategic points within population centres, whilst in the countryside, many tunnels were dug into the hillside to act as defensive positions. The Japanese decided that the area around Fei Ngo Shan and Tate’s Cairn was a key strategic location to defend, so they built dozens of tunnels in the location.

The Hong Kong Defence Force surrendered to the British along with the rest of the Japanese forces in Hong Kong on 16 September 1945 as part of the reoccupation of the colony.

Citations Works consulted * Kirby, S. Woodburn (2004) \[1969\]. *The War Against Japan. Volume V: The Surrender of Japan*. Uckfield, East Sussex: The Naval & Military Press. OCLC 226059054.
* Kwong, Chi Man; Tsoi, Yiu Lun (2014). *Eastern Fortress: A Military History of Hong Kong, 1840–1970*. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 9789888208715.
* Ness, Leland (2015). *Rikugun: Guide to Japanese Ground Forces 1937–1945: Volume 1: Tactical Organization of Imperial Japanese Army & Navy Ground Forces*. Helion. ISBN 9781912174577.

## InfoBox

| Hong Kong Defence Force | |
| --- | --- |
| Active | 1942–45 |
| Country | Japan |
| Branch | Imperial Japanese Army |
| Size | 106 officers and 3,028 enlisted men |
| Engagements | World War II |


title: Holly Lodge Estate

abstract: The Holly Lodge Estate is a housing estate in Highgate, north London.

text:
# Holly Lodge Estate

The **Holly Lodge Estate** is a housing estate in Highgate, north London.

## Early history

Holly Lodge Estate is located on the site and grounds of a house built in 1798 by Sir Henry Tempest on the south-facing slopes of Highgate, London adjacent to Highgate Rise, now known as Highgate West Hill. The estate lands included Traitor's Hill, reputedly where members of the Gunpowder Plot had met to watch the Palace of Westminster blow up, although the rumour is now known to be false. This "villa", a term then used for a compact country house easily accessible to London, was later to be known as **The Holly Lodge** and in 1809 a young actress, Harriot Mellon, took over the lease on the property. She married the banker Thomas Coutts in 1815 and enlarged the house and grounds by buying adjacent properties. The grounds were landscaped by John Buonarotti Papworth in 1825. When Harriot Mellon died in 1837 she left the house and her fortune to her step-granddaughter.

Angela Georgina Burdett-Coutts married late in life, and after her death her husband put the property on the market. Being four miles (6 km) from the City, it failed to sell and in 1907 was put on the market again, divided into several lots. It still failed to sell and it was not until 1922, after the death of her husband, that even outlying parts of the estate were sold: South Grove House and Holly Terrace to the North (the latter mostly unchanged in appearance since then) and Brookfield Stud to the south (now replaced by housing). Finally, in March 1923, the remaining portion of the estate, which was then always known as the Holly Lodge Estate, was sold for £45,000 and later resold to London Garden Suburbs Limited for the same price, with construction on the first street of homes, on Bromwich Avenue, beginning later that same year by the Central London Building Company Limited. The former lodge was demolished during the building of the new roads of houses and no trace of the building now remains, apart from a plaque at the entrance to the gardens taken from the north wall.

## Character of the Estate

Initially, the plan was to build houses on the entire estate, creating a new housing estate, but due to slow sales and the need for drainage from the higher ground, the land to the east of the new central road was instead acquired by Lady Workers' Homes Limited to build blocks of rooms for single women moving to London in order to work as secretaries and clerks.

The local alderman and others involved in the project are commemorated in an inscription on the ornamental pond in the central garden area.

The estate now lies in a conservation area. and there has been a programme of regeneration.

### Private roads

Built as an early gated community, the estate currently has two main access roads, the upper one to Highgate West Hill closing every night until mid-morning, the lower one to Swain's Lane being closed randomly with access then controlled by estate staff. This maintains the private status of the estate roads and stops a right of way being created.

## Acquisition as social housing

Ownership of the mansion blocks was transferred a number of times and, by the early 1960s under the ownership of Peachey Properties, many of the blocks were in a state of disrepair. The Metropolitan Borough of St Pancras took them over on a 150-year lease in 1964 which devolved to the London Borough of Camden the following year. Whilst Camden looks after the mansion blocks and the gardens in between the blocks, the remainder of the estate is managed and maintained by the Holly Lodge Estate Committee. The whole area remains a private estate and has been a Conservation Area since June 1992. Between 2004 and 2006 Sprunt Architects were responsible for a comprehensive programme of refurbishment works with the residents in occupation in which the exteriors of all the mansion blocks were renovated.

As the bedsitting rooms and flats in the Makepeace Avenue and Oakeshott Avenue mansion blocks were built without kitchens, a block was built at 30 Makepeace Avenue to serve as a centre for the community and included a restaurant, reading and meeting rooms and a small theatre. Behind it were three lawn tennis courts (with another two below Langbourne Avenue) where annual tennis tournaments were held.

Towards the late 1950s this community block fell into decline and by the time Camden bought their lease on the mansion blocks it was derelict. After a Lands Tribunal, the block with its unique facilities was demolished and a new building with 25 one-person flats for the elderly, together with some communal facilities, was constructed on the site. Minutes of the Council at the time state that the community facilities would be replaced in the new building; however, this failed to materialise and only a small community centre on the ground floor now serves the estate.

For many years Camden retained the policy of only placing women on the estate but that has since lapsed. The only known other estate built for single women was in Wandsworth but has since been demolished.

## Design

Langbourne Mansions was built first and provided 88 self-contained flats which have changed little in the intervening years. The mansion blocks on Makepeace Avenue and Oakeshott Avenue though were designed from the outset as bed-sitting rooms, sometimes with bedroom or kitchen alcoves, and offered an acceptable way for single women to live near to London on their own. Only three flats in the whole of Makepeace Mansions and Holly Lodge Mansions had their own bathroom (one for a particular tenant, one for the caretaker and the remaining one for the stoker for the central boiler). The remainder all had shared bathroom and toilet facilities, which is still the case for seven of the blocks even today. Makepeace Mansions originally provided 269 rooms and Holly Lodge Mansions on Oakeshott Avenue had 408 flats but later conversions have seen this number reduced as bedsits have given way to self-contained flats. New regulations have seen a start on the conversion of the remaining bedsits to self-contained accommodation during 2005.

The design of the mansion blocks on each avenue follow the same design concept with variations from group to group. From a distance they appear as 'Tudor Cliffs' as they tower above the adjoining houses and which is aided by the topography with not only the fall of the hill to the south but also to the east adjoining Highgate Cemetery.

The blocks are four or five stories in height and are united by timber details, gable roofs with finials, red tiles and casement windows usually with south-facing balconies. The rear and side elevations are in a very different plain and minimal style and overall reflect the modern design of the 1920s rather than the use of the vernacular.

* hle.org.uk, Residents' web site with news, events and future plans.

51°33′53.02″N 00°08′58.02″W / 51.5647278°N 0.1494500°W / 51.5647278; -0.1494500


title: Hopeful Unity

abstract: Hopeful Unity is a historic house at 25789 Lambs Meadow Road in Worton, Maryland. It is a three-story brick building, three bays wide, with a 1+1⁄2-story kitchen ell. The main house is generally believed to have been built about 1761, after the property was purchased by Charles Groome. The ell may encapsulate an even older structure. The house is a well-preserved example of colonial Eastern Shore architecture. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.

text:
# Hopeful Unity

**Hopeful Unity** is a historic house at 25789 Lambs Meadow Road in Worton, Maryland. It is a three-story brick building, three bays wide, with a 1+12-story kitchen ell. The main house is generally believed to have been built about 1761, after the property was purchased by Charles Groome. The ell may encapsulate an even older structure. The house is a well-preserved example of colonial Eastern Shore architecture.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Hopeful Unity | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 25789 Lambs Meadow Rd., Worton, Maryland |
| Coordinates | 39°17′38″N 76°4′29″W / 39.29389°N 76.07472°W / 39.29389; -76.07472 |
| Built | 1761 (1761) |
| NRHP reference No. | 15000526 |
| Added to NRHP | August 18, 2015 |


title: Hopeful Stakes

abstract: The Hopeful Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race run annually at Saratoga Race Course in Saratoga Springs, New York. Open to two-year-old horses, the Hopeful is the first Grade I stakes for two-year-olds each season and historically has been a showcase for some of the top East Coast horses at that age group. Raced on the dirt over a distance of seven furlongs, the Grade I event currently offers a purse of $350,000. Inaugurated in 1903, the first edition was won by Delhi who went on to win the 1904 Belmont Stakes. In 1904, the Hopeful Stakes was won by the filly Tanya. She would go on to win the 1905 Belmont Stakes. Initially raced at a distance of six furlongs, from 1925 through 1993 it was run at 6+1⁄2 furlongs and since 1994 at seven furlongs. Currently, the Hopeful Stakes is the first influential prep race leading up to the Breeders' Cup Juvenile and since 1925 has been a competition that marks the first time two-year-olds are tested at a distance beyond six furlongs. The name stems from the hope that every two-year-old handler has for their horse's racing future. Due to the State of New York's legislated ban on parimutuel betting, there was no race in 1911 and 1912. During World War II, the Hopeful Stakes was run at Belmont Park in 1943, 1944, and 1945. Only four horses have ever won all three Saratoga stakes events for two-year-olds. Regret (1914), Campfire (1916), Dehere (1993), and City Zip (2000) each swept the Hopeful Stakes, Saratoga Special Stakes, and the Sanford Stakes. In 2008, the race was sponsored by Three Chimneys Farm of Midway, Kentucky.

text:
# Hopeful Stakes

The **Hopeful Stakes** is an American Thoroughbred horse race run annually at Saratoga Race Course in Saratoga Springs, New York. Open to two-year-old horses, the Hopeful is the first Grade I stakes for two-year-olds each season and historically has been a showcase for some of the top East Coast horses at that age group. Raced on the dirt over a distance of seven furlongs, the Grade I event currently offers a purse of $350,000.

Inaugurated in 1903, the first edition was won by Delhi who went on to win the 1904 Belmont Stakes. In 1904, the Hopeful Stakes was won by the filly Tanya. She would go on to win the 1905 Belmont Stakes.

Initially raced at a distance of six furlongs, from 1925 through 1993 it was run at 6+12 furlongs and since 1994 at seven furlongs. Currently, the Hopeful Stakes is the first influential prep race leading up to the Breeders' Cup Juvenile and since 1925 has been a competition that marks the first time two-year-olds are tested at a distance beyond six furlongs. The name stems from the hope that every two-year-old handler has for their horse's racing future.

Due to the State of New York's legislated ban on parimutuel betting, there was no race in 1911 and 1912. During World War II, the Hopeful Stakes was run at Belmont Park in 1943, 1944, and 1945.

Only four horses have ever won all three Saratoga stakes events for two-year-olds. Regret (1914), Campfire (1916), Dehere (1993), and City Zip (2000) each swept the Hopeful Stakes, Saratoga Special Stakes, and the Sanford Stakes.

In 2008, the race was sponsored by Three Chimneys Farm of Midway, Kentucky.

## Records

**Time record:** (at current 7 furlong distance)

* 1:21.29 – Jackie's Warrior (2020)

**Most wins by an owner:**

**Most wins by a jockey:**

**Most wins by trainer:**

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Jockey | Trainer | Owner | Distance | Time | Gr. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2024 | Chancer McPatrick | Flavien Prat | Chad C. Brown | Flanagan Racing | 7 f | 1:23.44 | G1 |
| 2023 | Nutella Fella | Junior Alvarado | Gary C. Contessa | Bell Gable Stable | 7 f | 1:24.41 | G1 |
| 2022 | Forte | Irad Ortiz Jr. | Todd A. Pletcher | Repole Stable & St. Elias Stable | 7 f | 1:22.58 | G1 |
| 2021 | Gunite | Ricardo Santana Jr. | Steven M. Asmussen | Winchell Thoroughbreds | 7 f | 1:23.08 | G1 |
| 2020 | Jackie's Warrior | Joel Rosario | Steven M. Asmussen | J. Kirk & Judy Robison | 7 f | 1:21.29 | G1 |
| 2019 | Basin | José Ortiz | Steven M. Asmussen | Jackpot Farm (Terry Green) | 7 f | 1:23.48 | G1 |
| 2018 | Mind Control | John Velazquez | Gregory D. Sacco | Red Oak Stable (Steve Brunetti) & Madaket Stables, LLC | 7 f | 1:22.99 | G1 |
| 2017 | Sporting Chance | Luis Saez | D. Wayne Lukas | Robert C. Baker & William L. Mack | 7 f | 1:23.71 | G1 |
| 2016 | Practical Joke | José Ortiz | Chad Brown | Klaravich Stables & William Lawrence | 7 f | 1:23.39 | G1 |
| 2015 | Ralis | Javier Castellano | Doug F. O'Neill | Reddam Racing | 7 f | 1:22.30 | G1 |
| 2014 | Competitive Edge | John Velazquez | Todd A. Pletcher | Nancy Favreau, Kathy Psoinos LLC, Michael Tabor | 7 f | 1:24.11 | G1 |
| 2013 | Strong Mandate | José Ortiz | D. Wayne Lukas | Robert C. Baker & William L. Mack | 7 f | 1:23.55 | G1 |
| 2012 | Shanghai Bobby | Rosie Napravnik | Todd A. Pletcher | Starlight Racing (Jack & Laurie Wolf) | 7 f | 1:22.72 | G1 |
| 2011 | Currency Swap | Rajiv Maragh | Terri Pompay | Klaravich Stables & William Lawrence | 7 f | 1:26.16 | G1 |
| 2010 | Boys At Tosconova | Ramon Domínguez | Richard E. Dutrow Jr. | Jay Em Ess Stable, et al. | 7 f | 1:23.27 | G1 |
| 2009 | Dublin | Jamie Theriot | D. Wayne Lukas | Robert C. Baker & William L. Mack | 7 f | 1:23.52 | G1 |
| 2008 | Vineyard Haven | Alan Garcia | Robert J. Frankel | Robert J. Frankel, Louis Lazzinnaro, Diamond Pride LLC | 7 f | 1:23.40 | G1 |
| 2007 | Majestic Warrior | Garrett Gomez | William I. Mott | Kinsman Stable | 7 f | 1:23.04 | G1 |
| 2006 | Circular Quay | Garrett Gomez | Todd A. Pletcher | Michael & Doreen Tabor | 7 f | 1:23.00 | G1 |
| 2005 | First Samurai | Jerry D. Bailey | Frank L. Brothers | Bruce Lunsford & Lansdon B. Robbins III | 7 f | 1:23.25 | G1 |
| 2004 | Afleet Alex | Jeremy Rose | Tim Ritchey | Cash is King LLC | 7 f | 1:23.58 | G1 |
| 2003 | Silver Wagon | Jerry D. Bailey | Ralph Ziadie | Buckram Oak Farm | 7 f | 1:23.47 | G1 |
| 2002 | Sky Mesa | Edgar Prado | John T. Ward | John C. Oxley | 7 f | 1:23.08 | G1 |
| 2001 | Came Home | Chris McCarron | J. Paco Gonzalez | Trudy McCaffery | 7 f | 1:21.94 | G1 |
| 2000 | Yonaguska (DH) | Jerry D. Bailey | D. Wayne Lukas | Michael Tabor | 7 f | 1:24.52 | G1 |
| 2000 | City Zip (DH) | José A. Santos | Linda L. Rice | Charles R. Thompson & Carl T. Bowling | 7 f | 1:24.52 | G1 |
| 1999 | High Yield | Jerry D. Bailey | D. Wayne Lukas | Bob & Beverly Lewis | 7 f | 1:22.85 | G1 |
| 1998 | Lucky Roberto | Robbie Davis | Frank A. Alexander | Jesse Robinson | 7 f | 1:23.81 | G1 |
| 1997 | Favorite Trick | Pat Day | Patrick B. Byrne | Joseph LaCombe | 7 f | 1:23.87 | G1 |
| 1996 | Smoke Glacken | Craig Perret | Henry L. Carroll | Karkenny Levy et al. | 7 f | 1:23.63 | G1 |
| 1995 | Hennessy | Gary Stevens | D. Wayne Lukas | Bob & Beverly Lewis | 7 f | 1:23.44 | G1 |
| 1994 | Wild Escapade | Jorge F. Chavez | Leo O'Brien | Dogwood Stable | 7 f | 1:23.24 | G1 |
| 1993 | Dehere | Chris McCarron | Reynaldo Nobles | Due Process Stable | 6.5 f | 1:15.80 | G1 |
| 1992 | Great Navigator | Aaron Gryder | John F. Mazza | Roron Stables (Ron & Rosemary Shockley) | 6.5 f | 1:15.71 | G1 |
| 1991 | Salt Lake | Mike E. Smith | D. Wayne Lukas | William T. Young | 6.5 f | 1:17.74 | G1 |
| 1990 | Deposit Ticket | Gary Stevens | D. Wayne Lukas | Overbrook Farm | 6.5 f | 1:16.20 | G1 |
| 1989 | Summer Squall | Pat Day | Neil J. Howard | Dogwood Stable | 6.5 f | 1:16.80 | G1 |
| 1988 | Mercedes Won | Robbie Davis | Arnold Fink | Christopher Spencer | 6.5 f | 1:16.60 | G1 |
| 1987 | Crusader Sword | Randy Romero | MacKenzie Miller | Rokeby Stable | 6.5 f | 1:18.60 | G1 |
| 1986 | Gulch | Ángel Cordero Jr. | LeRoy Jolley | Peter M. Brant | 6.5 f | 1:16.40 | G1 |
| 1985 | Papal Power | Don MacBeth | Charles Peoples | Bayard Sharp | 6.5 f | 1:18.40 | G1 |
| 1984 | Chief's Crown | Don MacBeth | Roger Laurin | Star Crown Stable (Andrew Rosen, et al.) | 6.5 f | 1:16.00 | G1 |
| 1983 | Capitol South | Jerry D. Bailey | Lou Rondinello | Darby Dan Farm | 6.5 f | 1:17.40 | G1 |
| 1982 | Copelan | Jerry D. Bailey | Mitchell Griffin | Fred W. Hooper | 6.5 f | 1:16.60 | G1 |
| 1981 | Timely Writer | Roger Danjean | Dominic Imprescia | Peter Martin | 6.5 f | 1:16.20 | G1 |
| 1980 | Tap Shoes | Ruben Hernandez | Howard M. Tesher | Leone J. Peters | 6.5 f | 1:17.00 | G1 |
| 1979 | J.P. Brother | Joseph Imparato | John P. Campo | Diamond Peg Stable (Mrs. John P. Campo) | 6.5 f | 1:16.20 | G1 |
| 1978 | General Assembly | Darrel McHargue | LeRoy Jolley | Bertram R. Firestone | 6.5 f | 1:16.40 | G1 |
| 1977 | Affirmed | Steve Cauthen | Laz Barrera | Harbor View Farm | 6.5 f | 1:15.40 | G1 |
| 1976 | Banquet Table | Jean Cruguet | George T. Poole Jr. | Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney | 6.5 f | 1:16.20 | G1 |
| 1975-1 | Jackknife | Jean Cruguet | John P. Campo | Elmendorf Farm | 6.5 f | 1:16.60 | G1 |
| 1975-2 | Eustace | James Nichols | Wayne Rose | Eugene Cashman | 6.5 f | 1:16.40 | G1 |
| 1974-1 | The Bagel Prince | Ángel Cordero Jr. | John Pappalardo | Edward Shamie | 6.5 f | 1:16.80 | G1 |
| 1974-2 | Foolish Pleasure | Braulio Baeza | LeRoy Jolley | John L. Greer | 6.5 f | 1:16.00 | G1 |
| 1973 | Gusty O'Shay | Robert Kotenko | Harrison E. Johnson | Helen Hopkins | 6.5 f | 1:16.40 | G1 |
| 1972 | Secretariat | Ron Turcotte | Lucien Laurin | Meadow Stable | 6.5 f | 1:16.20 |
| 1971 | Rest Your Case | Jacinto Vásquez | MacKenzie Miller | Cragwood Stables | 6.5 f | 1:17.40 |
| 1970 | Proudest Roman | John L. Rotz | Woody Stephens | Mrs. John A. Morris | 6.5 f | 1:18.60 |
| 1969 | Irish Castle | Braulio Baeza | Edward A. Neloy | Wheatley Stable | 6.5 f | 1:17.20 |
| 1968 | Top Knight | Manuel Ycaza | Raymond Metcalf | Steven B. Wilson | 6.5 f | 1:16.00 |
| 1967 | What A Pleasure | Braulio Baeza | Edward A. Neloy | Wheatley Stable | 6.5 f | 1:16.40 |
| 1966 | Bold Hour | John L. Rotz | Bert Mulholland | George D. Widener Jr. | 6.5 f | 1:17.20 |
| 1965 | Buckpasser | Braulio Baeza | Edward A. Neloy | Ogden Phipps | 6.5 f | 1:16.00 |
| 1964 | Bold Lad | Braulio Baeza | Edward A. Neloy | Wheatley Stable | 6.5 f | 1:15.60 |
| 1963 | Traffic | Manuel Ycaza | Lucien Laurin | Reginald N. Webster | 6.5 f | 1:18.60 |
| 1962 | Outing Class | Donald R. Pierce | John M. Gaver Sr. | Greentree Stable | 6.5 f | 1:17.00 |
| 1961 | Jaipur | Bill Shoemaker | Bert Mulholland | George D. Widener Jr. | 6.5 f | 1:16.40 |
| 1960 | Hail To Reason | Bobby Ussery | Hirsch Jacobs | Patrice Jacobs | 6.5 f | 1:16.00 |
| 1959 | Tompion | Bill Shoemaker | Sylvester Veitch | C. V. Whitney | 6.5 f | 1:17.40 |
| 1958 | First Landing | Eddie Arcaro | Casey Hayes | Christopher Chenery | 6.5 f | 1:17.80 |
| 1957 | Rose Trellis | Frank Lovato | Richard E. Handlen | Foxcatcher Farm | 6.5 f | 1:18.40 |
| 1956 | King Hairan | Eddie Arcaro | Raymond Metcalf | Leo Edwards | 6.5 f | 1:18.40 |
| 1955 | Needles | John Choquette | Hugh L. Fontaine | D & H Stable (Jack Dudley & Bonnie Heath) | 6.5 f | 1:18.20 |
| 1954 | Nashua | Eddie Arcaro | Jim Fitzsimmons | Belair Stud | 6.5 f | 1:17.80 |
| 1953 | Artismo | Dave Gorman | Robert L. Dotter | James Cox Brady Jr. | 6.5 f | 1:18.00 |
| 1952 | Native Dancer | Eric Guerin | William C. Winfrey | Alfred G. Vanderbilt Jr. | 6.5 f | 1:18.80 |
| 1951 | Cousin | Eric Guerin | William C. Winfrey | Alfred G. Vanderbilt Jr. | 6.5 f | 1:19.20 |
| 1950 | Battlefield | Eric Guerin | Bert Mulholland | George D. Widener Jr. | 6.5 f | 1:18.00 |
| 1949 | Middleground | Dave Gorman | Max Hirsch | King Ranch | 6.5 f | 1:18.40 |
| 1948 | Blue Peter | Eric Guerin | Andy Schuttinger | Joseph M. Roebling | 6.5 f | 1:19.20 |
| 1947 | Relic | John H. Adams | George P. "Maj" Odom | Circle M. Farm (Edward S. Moore) | 6.5 f | 1:17.40 |
| 1946 | Blue Border | Abelardo DeLara | James W. Smith | Edward R. Bradley | 6.5 f | 1:17.00 |
| 1945 | Star Pilot | Arnold Kirkland | Tom Smith | Maine Chance Farm | 6.5 f | 1:16.60 |
| 1944 | Pavot | George Woolf | Oscar White | Walter M. Jeffords | 6.5 f | 1:18.80 |
| 1943 | Bee Mac | Sterling Young | James W. Smith | Beatrice MacGuire | 6.5 f | 1:18.40 |
| 1942 | Devil's Thumb | Conn McCreary | Cecil Wilhelm | William Edward Boeing | 6.5 f | 1:18.40 |
| 1941 | Devil Diver | Jack Skelly | John M. Gaver Sr. | Greentree Stable | 6.5 f | 1:18.60 |
| 1940 | Whirlaway | Johnny Longden | Ben A. Jones | Calumet Farm | 6.5 f | 1:18.00 |
| 1939 | Bimelech | Fred A. Smith | William A. Hurley | Edward R. Bradley | 6.5 f | 1:18.80 |
| 1938 | El Chico | Nick Wall | Matthew Peter Brady | William Ziegler Jr. | 6.5 f | 1:18.40 |
| 1937 | Sky Larking | Alfred Robertson | Robert McGarvey | Milky Way Farm Stable | 6.5 f | 1:20.80 |
| 1936 | Maedic | Eddie Litzenberger | William A. Hurley | Maemere Farm (DeWitt Page) | 6.5 f | 1:20.20 |
| 1935 | Red Rain | Raymond Workman | Thomas J. Healey | C. V. Whitney | 6.5 f | 1:19.80 |
| 1934 | Psychic Bid | Mack Garner | Robert A. Smith | Brookmeade Stable | 6.5 f | 1:18.80 |
| 1933 | Bazaar | Don Meade | Herbert J. Thompson | Edward R. Bradley | 6.5 f | 1:19.00 |
| 1932 | Ladysman | Robert Jones | Bennett W. Creech | William R. Coe | 6.5 f | 1:19.40 |
| 1931 | Tick On | Pete Walls | Max Hirsch | Loma Stable (Marie Kaufman) | 6.5 f | 1:20.40 |
| 1930 | Epithet | Willie Kelsay | Henry McDaniel | Gifford A. Cochran | 6.5 f | 1:17.60 |
| 1929 | Boojum | Raymond Workman | James G. Rowe Jr. | Harry Payne Whitney | 6.5 f | 1:17.00 |
| 1928 | Jack High | George Ellis | A. Jack Joyner | George D. Widener Jr. | 6.5 f | 1:19.40 |
| 1927 | Brooms | John Maiben | Gwyn R. Tompkins | Brookmeade Stable | 6.5 f | 1:20.00 |
| 1926 | Lord Chaucer | Frank Coltiletti | J. H. "Bud" Stotler | Sagamore Farm | 6.5 f | 1:19.80 |
| 1925 | Pompey | Laverne Fator | William H. Karrick | Shoshone Stable | 6.5 f | 1:17.80 |
| 1924 | Master Charlie | George Babin | Andrew G. Blakely | William Daniel | 6 f | 1:13.00 |
| 1923 | Diogenes | Clyde Ponce | Robert A. Smith | Walter M. Jeffords | 6 f | 1:12.60 |
| 1922 | Dunlin | Clarence Kummer | William M. Garth | Joshua S. Cosden | 6 f | 1:12.40 |
| 1921 | Morvich | Albert Johnson | Fred Burlew | Benjamin Block | 6 f | 1:12.60 |
| 1920 | Leonardo II | Andy Schuttinger | Kimball Patterson | Xalapa Farm (Edward F. Simms) | 6 f | 1:12.40 |
| 1919 | Man o' War | Johnny Loftus | Louis Feustel | Glen Riddle Farm | 6 f | 1:13.00 |
| 1918 | Eternal | Andy Schuttinger | Kimball Patterson | James W. McClelland | 6 f | 1:13.60 |
| 1917 | Sun Briar | Willie Knapp | Henry McDaniel | Willis Sharpe Kilmer | 6 f | 1:15.60 |
| 1916 | Campfire | John McTaggart | Thomas J. Healey | Richard T. Wilson Jr. | 6 f | 1:14.60 |
| 1915 | Dominant | Joe Notter | James G. Rowe Sr. | Lewis S. Thompson | 6 f | 1:13.80 |
| 1914 | Regret | Joe Notter | James G. Rowe Sr. | Harry Payne Whitney | 6 f | 1:16.40 |
| 1913 | Bringhurst | Johnny Loftus | J. Oliver Keene | Johnson N. Camden Jr. | 6 f | 1:12.40 |
| 1912 | *No races held due to the Hart–Agnew Law.* | | | | | |
| 1911 | |
| 1910 | Novelty | A. Thomas | Sam Hildreth | Sam Hildreth | 6 f | 1:14.00 |
| 1909 | Rocky O'Brien | Vincent Powers | Kimball Patterson | James MacManus | 6 f | 1:13.20 |
| 1908 | Helmet | Joe Notter | James G. Rowe Sr. | James R. Keene | 6 f | 1:12.20 |
| 1907 | Jim Gaffney | David Nicol | Frank D. Weir | Frank J. Farrell | 6 f | 1:15.00 |
| 1906 | Peter Pan | Willie Knapp | James G. Rowe Sr. | James R. Keene | 6 f | 1:12.20 |
| 1905 | Mohawk II | Arthur Redfern | Hubert H. Hyner | John Sanford | 6 f | 1:13.40 |
| 1904 | Tanya | Gene Hildebrand | John W. Rogers | Herman B. Duryea | 6 f | 1:13.20 |
| 1903 | Delhi | Willie Gannon | James G. Rowe Sr. | James R. Keene | 6 f | 1:13.20 |

***Notes:***

1. "Hopeful Stakes Profile". *www.equibase.com*. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
2. "Forte DQ Paused With Temporary Restraining Order". The Blood-Horse. 21 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
3. "2022 Hopeful Stakes (Grade 1 – race 11)". *www.equibase.com*. September 5, 2022. Retrieved December 4, 2023.

## InfoBox

Hopeful Stakes
| Grade I race | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Saratoga Race Course<br>Saratoga Springs, New York, United States |
| Inaugurated | 1903 |
| Race type | ThoroughbredFlat racing |
| Website | https://www.nyra.com/saratoga/racing/stakes-schedule/hopeful/ |
| Race information | |
| Distance | 7 furlongs |
| Surface | Dirt |
| Track | left-handed |
| Qualification | Two-year-olds |
| Weight | 120 lbs. |
| Purse | $300,000 (2021) |


title: Saint Anne Falls

abstract: Saint Anne Falls (French: Chute Sainte-Anne) is a waterfall going through Canyon Sainte-Anne, Quebec.

text:
# Saint Anne Falls

**Saint Anne Falls** *(French: Chute Sainte-Anne)* is a waterfall going through Canyon Sainte-Anne, Quebec.

## InfoBox

| Saint Anne Falls | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Canyon Sainte-Anne, Saint-Ferréol-les-Neiges / Saint-Joachim, Quebec |
| Coordinates | 47°04′23″N 70°52′39″W / 47.07306°N 70.87750°W / 47.07306; -70.87750 |
| Type | Tiered |
| Total height | 230 feet (70 m) |
| Watercourse | Sainte-Anne-du-Nord River |


title: Saints (novel)

abstract: Saints (1984) is a historical fiction novel by American writer Orson Scott Card. It tells the story of the fictional protagonist, Dinah Kirkham, a native of Manchester, England, who immigrates to the United States and becomes one of the plural wives of Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement. Saints was originally published as Woman Of Destiny, contrary to Card's wishes.

text:
# Saints (novel)

***Saints*** (1984) is a historical fiction novel by American writer Orson Scott Card. It tells the story of the fictional protagonist, Dinah Kirkham, a native of Manchester, England, who immigrates to the United States and becomes one of the plural wives of Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement.

*Saints* was originally published as *Woman Of Destiny*, contrary to Card's wishes.

## Plot summary

The book opens up in 1829 with the desertion of the eight-year-old Dinah and her family by Dinah's father, John Kirkham. After enduring many of the horrors of Industrial Revolution England, Dinah's family begins to prosper. Dinah, her mother Anna, and her brother Charles, are converted to Mormonism. But Dinah's elder brother, Robert, as well as her husband, Matthew, do not convert, leading to a permanent schism in the family. The Mormon Kirkhams emigrate to Nauvoo, where the Mormons are building a city.

In Nauvoo, Dinah—who had to endure an unthinkable sacrifice to come to America—becomes the inspiration for the other women of Nauvoo. She is regarded by many as a Prophetess, and, despite not having the priesthood, bestows blessings on others. She also finds herself drawn to the prophet of the Latter Day Saint Church, Joseph Smith. He teaches her that her husband in England had proven himself unworthy of her by his rejection of the Gospel and by forcing her to choose between God and husband. Joseph introduces Dinah to the still-covert practice of plural marriage, and they are sealed for eternity as husband and wife. Forced to keep secret her eternal union to Joseph causes strains on her relationships with the other women of the town, particularly Emma Smith, Joseph's first wife.

After Joseph's death during his incarceration at Carthage, Dinah uses her influence to help Brigham Young emerge as the new Prophet of the Church, largely because he alone of the potential prophet candidates is determined to uphold the Principle (as plural marriage has come to be known among its adherents). During the Mormon Exodus to Utah, she agrees to become one of Young's wives, with the understanding that their marriage will never be consummated.

Dinah lives to the age of 100, not only outliving all her husbands, but also outlasting the practice of plural marriage, which the Church abandoned in 1890.

## "The Best Day"

In this novel Dinah Kirkham is supposed to have written a short story called "The Best Day". In addition to appearing in this novel, it was also published in Card's short story collection *Maps in a Mirror* (1990).

## Influences

As with many of Card's other literature, a Christian/Mormon influence is present in this book. However, Card explicitly wrote it to appeal equally to Mormon and non-Mormon influences; the book does not seek to proselytize, though it does discuss Mormonism at length.

Orson Scott Card is a descendant of Zina Diantha Huntington. Like the character of Dinah, Zina Huntington was born in 1821, converted to Mormonism and became a plural wife of Joseph Smith (who dissolved her marriage to her first husband). Also like Dinah, Zina Huntington next wed Brigham Young. Unlike Dinah, Zina was American (though Young did marry at least one English bride, Eliza Burgess) and her marriage to Young was consummated; her daughter with Young, also named Zina, was Card's great-grandmother.

## InfoBox

Saints
| First edition (with original title) | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Orson Scott Card |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Historical |
| Publisher | Berkley |
| Publication date | 1984 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (Hardcover & Paperback) |
| Pages | 720 |
| ISBN | 0-425-07002-6 |


title: Saints & Sinners Festival

abstract: Saints & Sinners Festival is a two-day hardcore and heavy metal music festival held yearly in New Jersey. It started in 2006 at the Asbury Park Convention Hall on October 28 and October 29. The first day had emo/screamo/post hardcore bands and Atreyu headlined. The second day had metal/hardcore bands and Killswitch Engage headlined. The festival came back in 2007 and was held on November 3 and 4. Against Me! headlined on the 3rd and Glassjaw headlined on the 4th. The festival spun off into a tour in 2009, featuring Senses Fail, Hollywood Undead, Haste the Day, and Brokencyde.

text:
# Saints & Sinners Festival

**Saints & Sinners Festival** is a two-day hardcore and heavy metal music festival held yearly in New Jersey. It started in 2006 at the Asbury Park Convention Hall on October 28 and October 29. The first day had emo/screamo/post hardcore bands and Atreyu headlined. The second day had metal/hardcore bands and Killswitch Engage headlined. The festival came back in 2007 and was held on November 3 and 4. Against Me! headlined on the 3rd and Glassjaw headlined on the 4th. The festival spun off into a tour in 2009, featuring Senses Fail, Hollywood Undead, Haste the Day, and Brokencyde.

## 2006

At Rest

## 2007

Saints and Sinners took place on November 3 and 4. The Crusade held competitions for local bands to compete to play at Saints and Sinners. The competition started in July. Prices were $30 for a one-day pass and $57 for a two-day pass. Against Me! headlined the 3rd and Glassjaw headlined the 4th.

### November 3

### November 4

## InfoBox

| Saints & Sinners Festival | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Hardcore punk, heavy metal |
| Dates | October/November |
| Location(s) | Asbury Park, New Jersey |
| Years active | 2006 – present |
| Founders | TSL Productions |
| Website | saintsandsinnersfest.com |


title: Hope Municipal Airport

abstract: Hope Municipal Airport is a city-owned public-use airport located four nautical miles northwest of the central business district of Hope, a city in Hempstead County, Arkansas, United States. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2015–2019, which categorized it as a general aviation airport. In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, the Federal Emergency Management Agency signed a $25,000-per-month lease with the city to use 453 acres (1.83 km⁲) at the Hope Municipal Airport as a staging area for trailers. About 12,000 travel trailers and 8,300 mobile homes sat at the airport. Many of them were never used by the victims of Hurricane Katrina or other emergency.

text:
# Hope Municipal Airport

**Hope Municipal Airport** (FAA LID: **M18**) is a city-owned public-use airport located four nautical miles (5 mi, 7 km) northwest of the central business district of Hope, a city in Hempstead County, Arkansas, United States. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2015–2019, which categorized it as a *general aviation* airport.

In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, the Federal Emergency Management Agency signed a $25,000-per-month lease with the city to use 453 acres (1.83 km2) at the Hope Municipal Airport as a staging area for trailers. About 12,000 travel trailers and 8,300 mobile homes sat at the airport. Many of them were never used by the victims of Hurricane Katrina or other emergency.

## History

### World War II

The **Southwestern Proving Ground** (**SWPG**) was utilized during World War II as an airfield for bombers and a testing ground for artillery shells and air bombs. The proving ground was in operation from 1941 to 1945 and was a major employer of Hempstead, Howard, Nevada, Clark and Lafayette counties.

The construction of the Southwestern Proving Ground was part of the U.S. Government's National Defense Program which provided factories for the manufacture of munitions, airplanes and tanks in preparation for an eventual war. The news of construction on a proving ground in Hope became official in June 1941. The Real Estate Department of the War Department was in charge of acquiring land by filing condemnation proceedings against the tract and then taking possession of those sections they required to begin immediate work. After the initial evacuation order the War Department decided they needed more room for an airport so they added more acres. In the end 404 families were relocated by a deadline of July 24. Callahan Construction Company was awarded the job of erecting the proving ground by the War Department and the hiring of 4,000 construction workers began July 15. Senator Spencer and the project director, W.K. Mellyor, agreed upon a guarantee of preferential treatment of local citizens in considerations for jobs.

When the airport was completed it had the third longest runway in the United States. Opening day festivities were postponed because of the bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. The Army Air Force Proving Ground Command 616th Army Air Corps Detachment used the facility primarily to test ammunition during World War II.

Testing began in January 1942 and Hempstead County residents were finally allowed within the gates of the proving ground in April. Troops explored the capabilities of LaBolenge chronographs and solenoid chronographs (two different instruments that record time intervals) for accuracy and reliability. 105-mm shells that had fired prematurely in battle were determined by research at SWPG to have faulty rotating bands, thus saving the lives of American troops. B-25s were sent from the airport in Hope to the Gulf of Mexico to observe the testing of bombs for tumbling and proper ballistics after being fired. After World War II the city of Hope received the Southwestern Proving Ground Airport, which became Hope Municipal Airport in 1947.

### Historic District

The Southwestern Proving Ground Airport Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008, is composed of six buildings and five structures, which include the hangar, night landing plant, heating plant, storage building, garage, bomb assembly building, high explosives magazine and concrete runways and hangar apron. The magazine and bomb assembly building are located on adjacent land under private ownership. The remaining five buildings are located on 750 acres (3.0 km2) owned by Hope Municipal Airport.

The hangar is located to the west of U.S. Highway 278 and is surrounded by a concrete apron on all sides. The building is constructed of brick in a restrained Art Deco style on a continuous concrete foundation with a barrel vaulted roof and four corner towers. The interior of the hangar covers a total of 25,000 square feet (2,300 m2).

The night landing plant is adjacent to the hangar and is about 40 feet (12 m) from its southeastern corner. The plant is a very simple one-story rectangular brick edifice with a flat roof.

The steam heating plant is located east of the hangar, across Airport Road. During the operation of SWPG this building generated steam heat to warm the buildings in the entire complex. The plant currently houses the Paul W. Klipsch Education Center, the educational component of the Klipsch Heritage Museum Association, Inc.

The storage building to the south of the steam heating plant is a rectangular vernacular building with a gable roof.

The bomb assembly building is southwest of the hangar and is located on private property within a chain link fence. Bombs were assembled in this building and hauled by truck to Lake Charles, Louisiana, for testing. The high-explosives building is located on private property and is south of the bomb assembly building, outside of the fenced-in area.

## Facilities and aircraft

Hope Municipal Airport covers an area of 1,575 acres (637 ha) at an elevation of 359 feet (109 m) above mean sea level. It has two runways with concrete surfaces: 4/22 is 5,560 by 150 feet (1,695 x 46 m) and 16/34 is 5,501 by 150 feet (1,677 x 46 m).

For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2010, the airport had 8,000 aircraft operations, an average of 21 per day: 94% general aviation and 6% military. At that time there were 26 aircraft based at this airport: 88.5% single-engine, and 11.5% multi-engine.

## InfoBox

| Hope Municipal Airport | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public |
| Owner | City of Hope |
| Serves | Hope, Arkansas |
| Location | Hempstead County |
| Elevation AMSL | 359 ft / 109 m |
| Coordinates | 33°43′12″N 093°39′32″W / 33.72000°N 93.65889°W / 33.72000; -93.65889 |
| Map | |
| **M18**Location of airport in Arkansas**M18****M18** (the United States) | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  ft m  4/22 5,560 1,695 Concrete  16/34 5,501 1,677 Concrete | |
| Statistics (2010) | |
| Aircraft operations 8,000  Based aircraft 26 | |
| Source: Federal Aviation Administration | |


title: Saint-Gatien-des-Bois

abstract: Saint-Gatien-des-Bois is a commune in the Calvados in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

text:
# Saint-Gatien-des-Bois

**Saint-Gatien-des-Bois** (French pronunciation: \[sɛ̃ ɡasjɛ̃ de bwa\] ) is a commune in the Calvados in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

## Climate

| Climate data for Saint-Gatien-des-Bois (1981–2010 averages) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.6
(60.1) | 20.9
(69.6) | 22.0
(71.6) | 25.9
(78.6) | 30.6
(87.1) | 33.6
(92.5) | 36.8
(98.2) | 37.7
(99.9) | 33.2
(91.8) | 28.9
(84.0) | 21.3
(70.3) | 16.4
(61.5) | 37.7
(99.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.1
(44.8) | 7.8
(46.0) | 10.6
(51.1) | 13.0
(55.4) | 16.6
(61.9) | 19.1
(66.4) | 21.3
(70.3) | 21.3
(70.3) | 18.9
(66.0) | 15.1
(59.2) | 10.6
(51.1) | 7.5
(45.5) | 14.1
(57.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.1
(35.8) | 2.0
(35.6) | 4.0
(39.2) | 5.3
(41.5) | 8.5
(47.3) | 11.1
(52.0) | 13.3
(55.9) | 13.4
(56.1) | 11.2
(52.2) | 8.6
(47.5) | 5.1
(41.2) | 2.6
(36.7) | 7.3
(45.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −17.8
(0.0) | −14.2
(6.4) | −9.1
(15.6) | −3.3
(26.1) | −0.6
(30.9) | 1.3
(34.3) | 5.9
(42.6) | 6.0
(42.8) | 2.6
(36.7) | −3.1
(26.4) | −7.1
(19.2) | −10.3
(13.5) | −17.8
(0.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 78.0
(3.07) | 60.7
(2.39) | 66.2
(2.61) | 61.5
(2.42) | 68.4
(2.69) | 68.4
(2.69) | 65.1
(2.56) | 73.5
(2.89) | 82.1
(3.23) | 99.2
(3.91) | 95.4
(3.76) | 97.9
(3.85) | 916.4
(36.08) |
| Average precipitation days | 13.5 | 11.0 | 12.2 | 10.7 | 11.0 | 9.6 | 9.8 | 9.7 | 10.7 | 13.5 | 14.5 | 14.3 | 140.5 |
| Source: Météo France | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 850 |  |
| 1968 | 807 | −5.1% |
| 1975 | 983 | +21.8% |
| 1982 | 1,054 | +7.2% |
| 1990 | 1,182 | +12.1% |
| 1999 | 1,163 | −1.6% |
| 2008 | 1,354 | +16.4% |

## InfoBox

| Saint-Gatien-des-Bois | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The church in Saint-Gatien-des-Bois | |
|  | |
| Location of Saint-Gatien-des-Bois | |
| Saint-Gatien-des-BoisSaint-Gatien-des-Bois | |
| Coordinates: 49°20′55″N 0°11′10″E / 49.3486°N 0.1861°E / 49.3486; 0.1861 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Normandy |
| Department | Calvados |
| Arrondissement | Lisieux |
| Canton | Honfleur-Deauville |
| Intercommunality | Cœur Côte Fleurie |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Philippe Langlois |
| Area**1** | 49.11 km2 (18.96 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 1,332 |
| Density | 27/km2 (70/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 14578 /14130 |
| Elevation | 30–153 m (98–502 ft)
(avg. 150 m or 490 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Saint-Gaudens station

abstract: The gare de Saint-Gaudens is a railway station in Saint-Gaudens, Occitanie, France. The station is located on the Toulouse–Bayonne railway line. The station is served by Intercités and TER (local) services operated by the SNCF.

text:
# Saint-Gaudens station

The **gare de Saint-Gaudens** is a railway station in Saint-Gaudens, Occitanie, France. The station is located on the Toulouse–Bayonne railway line. The station is served by Intercités (long distance) and TER (local) services operated by the SNCF.

## Train services

The following services currently call at Saint-Gaudens:

* intercity services (*Intercités*) Hendaye–Bayonne–Pau–Tarbes–Toulouse
* local service (TER Occitanie) Toulouse–Saint-Gaudens–Tarbes–Pau

## InfoBox

| Saint-Gaudens | |
| --- | --- |
| Saint-Gaudens railway station | |
| General information | |
| Location | Rue Victor Bougues 31800<br>Saint-Gaudens, Haute-Garonne, Occitanie, France |
| Coordinates | 43°06′18″N 0°43′49″E / 43.105°N 0.7303°E / 43.105; 0.7303 |
| Elevation | 371 m (1,217 ft) |
| Owned by | RFF / SNCF |
| Operated by | SNCF |
| Line(s) | Toulouse–Bayonne railway |
| Platforms | 2 |
| Tracks | 4 |
| Other information | |
| Station code | 87611137 |
| History | |
| Opened | 9 June 1862 |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station SNCF Following station  Montréjeau-Gourdan-Polignantowards Hendaye  Intercités  ToulouseTerminus  Preceding station TER Occitanie Following station  Montréjeau-Gourdan-Polignantowards Pau  15  Saint-Martorytowards Toulouse | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Radio 4 UK Theme

abstract: The BBC Radio 4 UK Theme is an orchestral arrangement of traditional British and Irish airs compiled by Fritz Spiegl and arranged by Manfred Arlan. It was played every morning on BBC Radio 4 between 23 November 1978 and 23 April 2006. The piece was used as the signature theme to introduce the daily beginning of Radio 4's broadcasting following the early morning handover from the BBC World Service. The theme was immediately followed by the Shipping Forecast. In 2006, the decision by Mark Damazer to drop the Radio 4 UK Theme to make way for a "pacy news briefing" caused much controversy in the United Kingdom, including extensive discussion in the British media and even in Parliament. Austrian-born Spiegl moved to the UK as a refugee in 1939, after his parents fled Nazi persecution of Jews after the Anschluss. He had contributed several pieces of music to the BBC, including a theme for Radio 4 based on a children's skipping rhyme introduced in 1973, which was replaced by the Radio 4 UK Theme.

text:
# Radio 4 UK Theme

The ***BBC Radio 4 UK Theme*** is an orchestral arrangement of traditional British and Irish airs compiled by Fritz Spiegl and arranged by Manfred Arlan. It was played every morning on BBC Radio 4 between 23 November 1978 and 23 April 2006.

The piece was used as the signature theme to introduce the daily beginning of Radio 4's broadcasting following the early morning handover from the BBC World Service. The theme was immediately followed by the Shipping Forecast. In 2006, the decision by Mark Damazer (Controller of Radio 4 at the time) to drop the Radio 4 UK Theme to make way for a "pacy news briefing" caused much controversy in the United Kingdom, including extensive discussion in the British media and even in Parliament.

Austrian-born Spiegl moved to the UK as a refugee in 1939, after his parents fled Nazi persecution of Jews after the Anschluss. He had contributed several pieces of music to the BBC, including a theme for Radio 4 based on a children's skipping rhyme introduced in 1973 (called *A Skipping Tune*), which was replaced by the *Radio 4 UK Theme*.

## Context and usage

The *UK Theme* was created in 1978 at the suggestion of Ian McIntyre, the then-new controller of Radio 4. (BBC press releases, when it was cut, wrongly stated 1973.)

McIntyre commissioned Fritz Spiegl to produce an arrangement of traditional British and Irish melodies to signify Radio 4 as a service which, from its move from medium wave to 1500 metres/200 kiloHertz long wave on 23 November 1978, would for the first time broadcast a unified service to the whole United Kingdom. Radio 4 had inherited regional opt-outs from the BBC Home Service in 1967, when the "Home", the "Light" and the "Third" were rebranded as Radio 4, Radio 2 and Radio 3 to make way for the then-new BBC Radio 1.

The piece was recorded in 1978 by the BBC Northern Symphony Orchestra. The original recording was 5 minutes, 45 seconds and did not include 'Greensleeves/Drunken Sailor', having instead a longer and slower 'Londonderry Air/Annie Laurie' section, with the two pieces played separately before being combined. By 1990, the more familiar five-minute arrangement was in use, lasting until 2006.

The time at which the piece was played varied according to the time Radio 4 began broadcasting, which has become gradually earlier in the morning over the years. Initially it was played at approximately 5:54 am on weekdays (starting from Thursday 23 November 1978), before the first programme of the day (*News Briefing*) began at 6:00 am. At weekends it was played later than this (Saturday programmes in November 1978 starting at 6:30 am and Sunday programmes at 7:15 am). With the extension of the *Today Programme* to start at 6:00 am, the Shipping Forecast and the UK Theme with it were broadcast earlier. Towards the end of the *UK Theme'*s life it was played at 5:30 am every day, when Radio 4 took over from the BBC World Service, which has provided overnight programming on Radio 4's radio frequency for some years.

The actual premiere of the *Theme* was at approximately 9:07 pm on Monday 20 November 1978, when it was played to fill a lengthy gap in the schedule and to familiarise listeners with the imminent frequency change.

In 2006 the Controller of Radio 4, Mark Damazer, announced that he was cancelling the broadcast. The decision caused much controversy, but protests did not succeed. The last regular broadcast of the *UK Theme* was at 5.30 am on Sunday 23 April 2006.

It was played in full at the end of Radio 4's PM programme on 11 December 2019.

## Description

The *Theme* is a collection of traditional British and Irish folk tunes representing the four home countries of the United Kingdom and the national maritime tradition.

## Cancellation

On 23 January 2006, the BBC announced that by April 2006 the *UK Theme* would be scrapped, the station opening instead with a news briefing and extended shipping forecast. Explaining the decision, Radio 4 controller Mark Damazer said: "I know there are some people who will regret the passing of the UK Theme, but I believe the bulk of the audience will be better served by a pacy news briefing, read by one of Radio 4's team of news readers."

The announcement led to mass coverage in the British media and even to comments in its support by then Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown. On 24 January 2006, several British MPs submitted Early Day Motions about the theme, which led to a question being asked at Prime Minister's Questions, with then Prime Minister Tony Blair referring to the "strong feeling" around the country. Also, BBC *Newsnight* presenter Jeremy Paxman played the *UK Theme* to end the programme on a number of occasions and several British orchestras and institutions have also pledged to play the theme. Meanwhile, another controversy broke out as to whether it was solely Fritz Spiegl who arranged the piece, as the family of Manfred Arlan, the RLPO's principal bassoonist for 35 years claimed it was a joint authorship, citing both names on the score. Spiegl's widow suggested that Arlan was only the copyist, whereas Arlan's family suggested his contribution was more extensive. As both composers are deceased, the true authorship remains unclear, although the published orchestral edition names both men.

On 31 March 2006 the BBC issued a press release confirming that the new Radio 4 schedule would begin on Monday 24 April, meaning that the *UK Theme* was played for the last time on Sunday 23 April. In it the Controller of Radio 4, Mark Damazer, said: "I'm sorry that part of the audience is upset by the removal of the UK Theme. They may like to know that we will be offering the UK Theme as a stream on the Radio 4 website, where it will be available from Friday 21 April." The following day, the *Daily Telegraph* carried a short piece saying that the campaign to save the theme had "failed."

On 1 April 2006, the *Today* programme transmitted a piece claiming that the "UK Theme" would be replaced by a new "EU theme". This was later confirmed as an April Fool joke.

The BBC released no official figure for the number of complaints it has received on the matter of dropping the *UK Theme*. An article in *The Guardian* put it at "more than 6,000". The Save The Radio 4 Theme website gathered over 18,000 signatures on an online petition.

On 21 April 2006, the *UK Theme* was published on the Radio 4 website.

## The single

On Friday, 17 February 2006, the piece was re-recorded by the Royal Ballet Sinfonia under the direction of Gavin Sutherland and was released as a single on Monday, 27 March, also featuring Ronald Binge's *Sailing By*, the BBC Radio 4 late night Shipping Forecast theme. The original manuscript was restored by the notable light music composer Ernest Tomlinson after it was discovered in the loft of Ingrid Spiegl's house. The executive producers of the single were Mike Flowers, who had previously had an unexpected hit with his arrangement of Oasis's "Wonderwall", and Liverpool-based conference organiser Simon Roxborough.

During the first week of its release, it charted at number 15 in the Woolworths Singles Chart. On Sunday, 2 April 2006, the single entered the Tesco Singles Chart at number 8 and the UK Singles Chart at number 29. The top-ten placement at Tesco resulted in the single featuring prominently in the store's display areas, while its entry into the UK Singles Chart led to an on-air explanation of the campaign by the presenters of the Radio 1 Chart Show. By the second week of its release, it had dropped to 39th in the UK Singles Chart. In its third week, it fell to number 75.

The same team behind the single were also planning a full-length album of pieces selected from the British light music tradition. The album, provisionally titled "Early One Morning: British Light Music and Broadcasting Classics", was expected to include *Country Gardens* and *Lillibullero* (the BBC World Service theme), as well as the re-recorded *UK Theme* and *Sailing By*. This appears not to have come to fruition. However, the theme is available in another recording, lasting 5min 29secs, on Naxos Records' *British Light Miniatures - Vintage TV and Radio Classics* performed by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Paul Murphy.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| BBC Radio 4 UK Theme | |
| --- | --- |
| by Trad.<br>Arr. by Fritz Spiegl & Manfred Arlan | |
| Composed | 1978 (1978): |
| www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/uk\_theme.shtml | |


title: War to End All Wars (album)

abstract: War to End All Wars is the thirteenth studio album by guitarist Yngwie Malmsteen, released on 7 November 2000 through Pony Canyon (Japan), Spitfire Records and DreamCatcher Records (Europe). While on tour for this album, singer Mark Boals left the band and was replaced for a brief period by Jørn Lande; however, Boals returned to finish the tour. The instrumental song "Molto Arpeggiosa" is often mislabelled as "Arpeggios from Hell". The phrase "the war to end all wars" was historically used as a description of World War I, especially in the period from 1918 to 1939.

text:
# War to End All Wars (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***War to End All Wars*** is the thirteenth studio album by guitarist Yngwie Malmsteen, released on 7 November 2000 through Pony Canyon (Japan), Spitfire Records (United States) and DreamCatcher Records (Europe). While on tour for this album, singer Mark Boals left the band and was replaced for a brief period by Jørn Lande; however, Boals returned to finish the tour. The instrumental song "Molto Arpeggiosa" is often mislabelled as "Arpeggios from Hell". The phrase "the war to end all wars" was historically used as a description of World War I, especially in the period from 1918 to 1939.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Prophet of Doom" (features some parts by Paganini) | Yngwie Malmsteen | Malmsteen | 5:31 |
| 2. | "Crucify" | Malmsteen | Malmsteen | 6:44 |
| 3. | "Bad Reputation" | Malmsteen | Malmsteen | 4:53 |
| 4. | "Catch 22" | Malmsteen | Malmsteen | 4:13 |
| 5. | "Masquerade" | Malmsteen | Malmsteen | 4:54 |
| 6. | "Molto Arpeggiosa" | (instrumental) | Malmsteen | 4:14 |
| 7. | "Miracle of Life" | Malmsteen | Malmsteen | 5:39 |
| 8. | "The Wizard" | Malmsteen | Malmsteen | 5:19 |
| 9. | "Preludium" | (instrumental) | Malmsteen | 2:26 |
| 10. | "Wild One" | Malmsteen | Malmsteen | 5:46 |
| 11. | "Tarot" | Malmsteen | Malmsteen | 5:38 |
| 12. | "InstruMental Institution" | (instrumental) | Malmsteen | 3:56 |
| 13. | "War to End All Wars" | Malmsteen | Malmsteen | 4:15 |

### Bonus tracks (Japan)

| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14. | "Treasure from the East" | (instrumental) | Malmsteen | 3:52 |
| 15. | "Requiem" | (instrumental) | Malmsteen | 4:03 |

### Bonus track (USA and Europe)

| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14. | "Black Sheep of the Family" | Yngwie Malmsteen | Yngwie Malmsteen | 2:17 |

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| War to End All Wars | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Yngwie Malmsteen | |
| Released | 7 November 2000 (2000-11-07) |
| Genre | Neoclassical metal, heavy metal |
| Length | 63:27 |
| Label | Pony Canyon |
| Yngwie Malmsteen chronology | |
| *Alchemy*
(1999) ***War to End All Wars***
(2000) *The Genesis*
(2002) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *War to End All Wars* | |
| 1. "Crucify" | |
|  | |


title: Myname 2nd Single

abstract: Myname 2nd Single is the second single album by South Korean idol group Myname. It was released on January 25, 2013, by H2 Media and distributed by Kakao M. Following a series of photo and video teasers, the album and its lead single "Just That Little Thing" were concurrently released. Myname 2nd Single peaked at number four on South Korea's national Gaon Album Chart, shifting over 14,000 units domestically since its release.

text:
# Myname 2nd Single

***Myname 2nd Single*** is the second single album by South Korean idol group Myname. It was released on January 25, 2013, by H2 Media and distributed by Kakao M. Following a series of photo and video teasers, the album and its lead single "Just That Little Thing" were concurrently released. *Myname 2nd Single* peaked at number four on South Korea's national Gaon Album Chart, shifting over 14,000 units domestically since its release.

## Background and music structure

After concluding domestic promotions for "Hello and Goodbye" (*Myname 1st Single*, 2012), Myname spent the subsequent months breaking into the Japanese music market. They were featured in a manga series, hosted a cooking program, and held concerts at the end of the year. The group's popularity in Japan outpaced its popularity in their home country. Singer Hwanhee, who formed the group, decided on "Just That Little Thing" to serve as the single for the album. Myname began practicing the choreography for the song during the summer. Due to their constant preparation for live performances, all the members began showing early symptoms of varicose veins.

"Just That Little Thing" infuses electronic and retro music into its sound. The lyrics express a man's inability to break away from a woman he loves, in spite of her constantly being deceitful. Vocalist Gunwoo described the song's addictiveness as "wild". "Dumbfounded" is an R&B song that employs acoustic instruments and synthesizers. JunQ wrote the lyrics for his rap.

## Release and promotion

H2 Media announced *Myname 2nd Single* and published individual teaser photos of the group members on January 14. Directed by Hong Won-ki, a music video teaser for the lead single "Just That Little Thing" was unveiled three days later. A second music video teaser for the dance version music video was uploaded on January 21. Shortly before the release of the physical CD, H2 Media discovered that Psy's "Gangnam Style" was included as the sixth track on *Myname 2nd Single*. A representative for the label explained that the album was manufactured during the height of the song's popularity, and an error led to "Gangnam Style" being added. As a result, the agency was forced to destroy all 20,000 albums printed and produce them again.

*Myname 2nd Single* and the music video for "Just That Little Thing" were simultaneously released on January 25. Myname began promoting "Just That Little Thing" on weekly music chart shows two days later by performing the song on Seoul Broadcasting System's (SBS) *Inkigayo*. Myname made additional performances on SBS MTV's *The Show*, Mnet's *M Countdown*, MBC Music's *Show Champion*, and KBS2's *Music Bank*.

## Commercial performance

On the chart dated January 27 – February 2, 2013, *Myname 2nd Single* debuted at number four on South Korea's national Gaon Album Chart. According to Gaon Music Chart's year-end report, the single album sold 14,576 copies domestically and ranked at number 93 on its list of best-selling albums.

## Track listing

*Myname 2nd Single*
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Arrangement | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Scream My Name (Intro)" | Galacktika | Crazy Park | Crazy Park | 1:01 |
| 2. | "Just That Little Thing" (그까짓거; *Geukkajitgeo*) | Crazy Park | Maboos, Crazy Park | Crazy Park | 3:41 |
| 3. | "Dumbfounded" (어이없어; *Eoi Eopseo*) | e.one, JunQ | e.one | e.one | 3:22 |
| 4. | "Crush on You" (끌리잖아; *Kkeullijanha*) | Song Yang-ha, Kim Yu-seok, Miffung | Song Yang-ha, Kim Yu-seok | Song Yang-ha, Kim Yu-seok | 3:27 |
| 5. | "Dream.. (Outro)" | Hwanhee | Lee Chi-woo, Hwanhee | Lee Chi-woo | 1:58 |
| Total length: | | | | | 13:29 |

## Chart

| Chart (2013) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| South Korean Albums (Gaon) | 4 |

## InfoBox

| Myname 2nd Single | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single album by Myname | |
| Released | January 25, 2013 (2013-01-25) |
| Length | 13:29 |
| Language | Korean |
| Label | H2 Media |
| Myname chronology | |
| *Myname 1st Single*
(2012) ***Myname 2nd Single***
(2013) *We Are Myname*
(2013) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Myname 2nd Single* | |
| 1. "Just That Little Thing"
Released: January 25, 2013 | |
|  | |


title: Flute sonata in D major (HWV 378)

abstract: The Flute sonata in D major was composed by George Frideric Handel, for flute and basso continuo. The work is also referred to as HHA iv/18,41. The work was originally attributed to 'Sr Weisse', but is now considered to have been written by Handel. There is no autograph, but the sonata appears in an important manuscript of 18th century solo sonatas in the Brussels Royal Conservatory, and was published in facsimile in 1979. A typical performance of the work takes about seven minutes.

text:
# Flute sonata in D major (HWV 378)

The ***Flute sonata in D major*** (HWV 378) was composed (?circa 1707) by George Frideric Handel, for flute and basso continuo. The work is also referred to as HHA iv/18,41.

The work was originally attributed to 'Sr Weisse' (?Johann Sigismund Weiss), but is now considered to have been written by Handel. There is no autograph, but the sonata appears in an important manuscript of 18th century solo sonatas in the Brussels Royal Conservatory, and was published in facsimile in 1979.

A typical performance of the work takes about seven minutes.

## Movements

The work consists of four movements:

| Movement | Type | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Adagio | The poetic opening bars are shared with the largo third movement of the flute sonata in E minor (HWV 379), and with a movement from the violin sonata in D major (HWV 371). The continuation here is closer to the violin sonata |
| 2 | Allegro | In a **3**
**8** spirited tempo. Based on ideas that Handel used in an overture written in Italy and a trio sonata |
| 3 | Adagio | A recitative-like piece |
| 4 | Allegro | Begins similarly to one of Handel's recorder sonata finales. In jig rhythm |
|


title: North Mason High School

abstract: North Mason High School is a public high school located in Belfair, Washington. It was constructed in 1982-1983 as part of North Mason School District and was replaced in fall of 2015 as a 95,000 square foot building for grades 9-12. It is one of two high school in the district.

text:
# North Mason High School

**North Mason High School** is a public high school located in Belfair, Washington. It was constructed in 1982-1983 as part of North Mason School District and was replaced in fall of 2015 as a 95,000 square foot building for grades 9-12. It is one of two high school in the district.

## History

North Mason High School was first constructed in 1982–1983 to house 340 students. By 2015, the school population was between 650 and 700 students, but school construction bonds failed to pass in 2002, 2006, and 2008. A new 120,000 square foot building at the cost of $30 million was finished in 2015 to house the students at double the size of the old school.

## Athletics

North Mason High School offers various athletic programs including: Boys Cross Country, Girls Cross Country, Football, Cheer, Girls Soccer, Boys Tennis, Girls Volleyball, Boys Basketball, Girls Basketball, Girls Bowling, Boys/Girls Wrestling, Boys Baseball, Girls Fastpitch, Boys/Girls Golf, Boys Soccer, Girls Softball, Girls Tennis, and Boys/Girls Track.

## Demographics

In the 2021-2022 school year, 52.5% of the students at NMHS were male, 47.2% were female, and 0.3% were Gender X. 1.5% were Native American, 1.5% were Asian, 0.7% were Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, 24.9% were Hispanic/Latino, 1.0% were Black, 64.6% were White, and 5.7% were Two or More Races.

## Notable Alumni

## InfoBox

| North Mason High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 150 E North Mason School Road
Belfair, Washington
United States | |
| Coordinates | 47°24′55″N 122°50′24″W / 47.4154°N 122.8400°W / 47.4154; -122.8400 |
| Information | |
| Type | High school |
| Established | 1982 (old), 2015 (new) |
| School district | North Mason School District |
| Principal | Chad Collins |
| Teaching staff | 36.00 (FTE) |
| Grades | 9–12 |
| Enrollment | 663 (2022–23) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 18.42 |
| Color(s) | Blue, White, Silver |
| Mascot | Bulldog |
| Yearbook | *Siskan* |
| Website | www.northmasonschools.org/o/nmhs |
|
North Mason High School, 2018 | |


title: Nélson Almeida

abstract: Nélson de Almeida is an Angolan former professional tennis player. Almeida, who was born in Luanda, earned world rankings in both singles and doubles. In 2000 he made an ATP Tour main draw appearance at the Estoril Open, as a wildcard pairing with Franco Mata in the doubles event. He played Davis Cup for Angola from 2001 to 2003, winning a team record 11 singles and six doubles rubbers.

text:
# Nélson Almeida

**Nélson de Almeida** (born 6 April 1979) is an Angolan former professional tennis player.

Almeida, who was born in Luanda, earned world rankings in both singles and doubles. In 2000 he made an ATP Tour main draw appearance at the Estoril Open, as a wildcard pairing with Franco Mata in the doubles event. He played Davis Cup for Angola from 2001 to 2003, winning a team record 11 singles and six doubles rubbers.

## InfoBox

Nélson Almeida
| Full name | Nélson de Almeida |
| --- | --- |
| Country (sports) | Angola |
| Born | (1979-04-06) 6 April 1979<br>Luanda, Angola |
| Singles | |
| Highest ranking | No. 1142 (14 June 1999) |
| Doubles | |
| Career record | 0–1 |
| Highest ranking | No. 1183 (22 May 2000) |


abstract: Trinity Lutheran Church is an historic, American Lutheran church that is located at 6th and Washington Streets in Reading, Berks County, Pennsylvania. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

text:
# Trinity Lutheran Church (Reading, Pennsylvania)

**Trinity Lutheran Church** is an historic, American Lutheran church that is located at 6th and Washington Streets in Reading, Berks County, Pennsylvania.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

## History and architectural features

The current church building was built in 1791, and is a two-story, three-bay by five-bay, red brick building with stone and wood trim. It was designed in the Georgian style. The second floor, which was added in 1851, has a square bell tower and steeple that was last replaced in 1963. The front facade features a columned portico that was added in 1900.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

Trinity remains an active presence in the Reading community. The Rev. Hans Becklin was called to serve as Senior Pastor in 2023.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Trinity Lutheran Church | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Trinity Lutheran Church, March 2011 | |
|  | |
| Location | 6th and Washington Sts., Reading, Pennsylvania |
| Coordinates | 40°20′13″N 75°55′35″W / 40.33694°N 75.92639°W / 40.33694; -75.92639 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Architectural style | Georgian |
| NRHP reference No. | 76001603 |
| Added to NRHP | June 7, 1976 |