title: Peter Rezman

abstract: Peter Rezman is a Slovene poet, writer and playwright. He lives and works in Plešivec near Velenje in northern Slovenia. Rezman was born in Celje in 1968. He worked as an electrician at the Velenje lignite mining|mine and has been active in local cultural and ecological societies. He has been publishing poetry since the mid-1980s and has also written several collections of short stories and theatre plays. In 2009 he was awarded the Fabula Award for best collection of short prose in Slovene published within the previous two years for his short story volume Skok iz kože.

text:
# Peter Rezman

**Peter Rezman** (born 21 October 1956) is a Slovene poet, writer and playwright. He lives and works in Plešivec near Velenje in northern Slovenia.

Rezman was born in Celje in 1968. He worked as an electrician at the Velenje lignite mining|mine and has been active in local cultural and ecological societies. He has been publishing poetry since the mid-1980s and has also written several collections of short stories and theatre plays. In 2009 he was awarded the Fabula Award for best collection of short prose in Slovene published within the previous two years for his short story volume *Skok iz kože* (Leaping from Skin).

## Poetry

* *Pesmi iz premoga* (Poetry from Coal), (1985)
* *Delavske pesmi* (Worker's Poems), (1988)
* *Črno in črno, rdeče in rdeče, zeleno in zeleno* (Black and Black, Red and Red, Green and Green), (1991)
* *Družmirje* (1998)

## Prose

* *Kiril Lajš ni lastnik krčme Peter Rezman* (Kiril Lajš is Not the Owner of Peter Rezman Inn), short stories, (1985)
* *Skok iz kože* (Leaping from Skin), short stories, (2008)
* *Pristanek na kukavičje jajce* (Landing on the Cuckoo's Egg), novel, (2010)
* *Nujni deleži ozimnice* (Compulsory Shares of Winter Stockpile), short stories, (2010)
* "Tekoči trak", novel, (2015)
* "Mesto na vodi", novel, (2019)

## InfoBox

| Peter Rezman | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1956-10-21)21 October 1956
Celje, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (now in Slovenia) |
| Occupation | Poet, writer, playwright |
| Nationality | Slovenian |
| Notable works | Skok iz kože, Nujni deleži ozimnice, Tekoči trak |
| Notable awards | Fabula Award
2009 *Skok iz kože*
 |


title: Peter J. Hooge

abstract: Peter J. Hooge was a lawyer, judge and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Rosthern from 1944 to 1948 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Liberal. He was born in Winkler, Manitoba, the son of Johann Hooge, a farmer of Dutch descent who had come to Canada from Russia. Hooge was educated in Winkler, in Gretna and at the University of Manitoba, where he received a LLB degree. He taught school in Altona, Manitoba and Herbert, Saskatchewan. Hooge was called to the Saskatchewan bar in 1914 and went on to practise law in Saskatoon, Leader and Rosthern. He married Margaret Matchuk in 1917. Hooge served several years as secretary for the Rosthern Board of Trade. In 1937, he was named King's Counsel. After retiring from politics in 1948, he was named to the district court for Moosomin. In 1961, he retired to British Columbia. Hooge was called to the British Columbia bar in 1962. He died a year later in Vancouver at the age of 76. Hooge Island in northern Saskatchewan was named in his honour.

text:
# Peter J. Hooge

**Peter J. Hooge** (July 5, 1886  April 13, 1963) was a lawyer, judge and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Rosthern from 1944 to 1948 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Liberal.

He was born in Winkler, Manitoba, the son of Johann Hooge, a farmer of Dutch descent who had come to Canada from Russia. Hooge was educated in Winkler, in Gretna and at the University of Manitoba, where he received a LLB degree. He taught school in Altona, Manitoba and Herbert, Saskatchewan. Hooge was called to the Saskatchewan bar in 1914 and went on to practise law in Saskatoon, Leader and Rosthern. He married Margaret Matchuk in 1917. Hooge served several years as secretary for the Rosthern Board of Trade. In 1937, he was named King's Counsel. After retiring from politics in 1948, he was named to the district court for Moosomin. In 1961, he retired to British Columbia. Hooge was called to the British Columbia bar in 1962. He died a year later in Vancouver at the age of 76.

Hooge Island in northern Saskatchewan was named in his honour.


title: Peter Sand

abstract: Peter Sand is a Danish former professional footballer who is the fitness coach for the Danish Superliga side Randers FC. Peter is the twin brother of Ebbe Sand. Opposition fans in Denmark would often chant "Du ligner Ebbe Sand" when he was playing. Both brothers played at Brøndby IF, though Peter did not play any first team games for the club.

text:
# Peter Sand

**Peter Sand** (born 19 July 1972) is a Danish former professional footballer who is the fitness coach for the Danish Superliga side Randers FC.

Peter is the twin brother of Ebbe Sand. Opposition fans in Denmark would often chant "Du ligner Ebbe Sand" (You look like Ebbe Sand) when he was playing. Both brothers played at Brøndby IF, though Peter did not play any first team games for the club.

## InfoBox

Peter Sand
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1972-07-19) 19 July 1972 | | |
| Place of birth | Hadsund, Denmark | | |
| Height | 1.82 m (6 ft 0 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder, forward | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 1977–1994 | Hadsund BK | | |
| 1994–1996 | Brøndby IF | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1996–1998 | Ølstykke FC |  |  |
| 1998–1999 | Fremad Amager |  |  |
| 1999–2001 | FC Midtjylland | 75 | (10) |
| 2001–2002 | Barnsley | 6 | (1) |
| 2002–2004 | Stabæk IF | 61 | (9) |
| 2004–2006 | SønderjyskE | ? | (21) |
| 2006–2007 | AGF | 31 | (10) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 2005–2006 | SønderjyskE (assistant) | | |
| 2007–2008 | AGF (player-assistant) | | |
| 2008 | AGF (assistant) | | |
| 2008–2012 | AGF U13-U19 (physical coach) | | |
| 2012– | Randers (physical coach) | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Frankston Blues

abstract: Frankston Blues is a NBL1 South club based in Melbourne, Victoria. The club fields a team in both the Men's and Women's NBL1 South. The club is a division of Frankston & District Basketball Association (FDBA), the major administrative basketball organisation in the City of Frankston. The Blues play their home games at Frankston Basketball Stadium.

text:
# Frankston Blues

**Frankston Blues** is a NBL1 South club based in Melbourne, Victoria. The club fields a team in both the Men's and Women's NBL1 South. The club is a division of Frankston & District Basketball Association (FDBA), the major administrative basketball organisation in the City of Frankston. The Blues play their home games at Frankston Basketball Stadium.

## Club history

### Background

The FDBA's origins can be traced back to 1959, when a group of students from the Frankston Teachers' College travelled to Albert Park for a tournament where they met other players from Frankston. Through these contacts, a few games were organised to cater for the need in the Frankston area. The earliest games were played at the Balcombe Army Barracks. The Army and Navy had teams involved, but no formal competition existed. It is thought that the first President of the FDBA was an NCO from the Army who happened to be on an inservice at the time.

In 1960, the College built a gymnasium. Teams from the YMCA and Seaford joined in and most of the administration was done by the teams on a rotational basis, such as collecting fees and marking lines. The President of the College, George Jenkins, was happy for the students to be involved in such activity as long as there was a formal structure, and financial accountability was in place. A staff team joined in the early 1960s and helped in negotiations with other groups, who were constantly in competition for use of the Gymnasium on the Campus. This staff team remained a vital part of the competition until the early 1970s.

In the early 1970s, the Police and Citizens Club built the existing facility at the Towerhill Road site. This, along with Ballam Park Technical School, was the site of the FDBA until one of many approaches over the years to Frankston City Council was successful, and the two-court stadium at Bardia Avenue was built and opened on 9 March 1979.

### Early years of the Bears

At the time that ground was broken for the stadium, moves were also made to bring a senior representative team to Frankston. Jason Placas negotiated to bring Tony Gaze from Dandenong, along with the nucleus of his team. Four of these players were Frankston junior players. The team competed in the VBA Championships in 1979 and 1980, and joined the South East Australian Basketball League (SEABL) in 1981. The 1981 season saw the Frankston Bears finish second on the SEABL ladder before going on to reach the ABA National grand final, where they lost to the Geelong Cats. After winning the SEABL championship and ABA National championship in 1982, the Bears joined the National Basketball League (NBL) in 1983 and competed at that level for two years, before financial pressures became too much for the Association to handle.

### Championship success

In 1986, Frankston joined forces with neighbouring Chelsea Association to form the Bayside Blues Basketball Club. This Club represented both Associations from 1986 to 1995, when Chelsea opted out because of financial commitments. During this time, a Bayside Blues team joined the inaugural SEABL women's season in 1990.

In 1991, the Bayside women finished second on the SEABL ladder and reached the ABA National grand final, where they lost to the Dandenong Rangers. In 1992, Bayside finished third on the SEABL ladder and reached ABA National grand final, where they lost to the Knox Raiders. In 1993, the Frankston Blues women finished first on the SEABL ladder to win their maiden SEABL championship. They went on to defeat the Broadmeadows Broncos in the ABA National grand final to win their first National championship. In 1994, they finished second on the SEABL ladder and reached their fourth straight ABA National grand final, where they lost to the Knox Raiders. In 1997, they finished first on the SEABL ladder and won their second SEABL championship. They went on to defeat the Townsville Sunbirds in the ABA National grand final to win their second National championship.

The men on the other hand were conference champions as Bayside in both 1992 and 1993 before they too changed their name to Frankston and won another conference championship in 1995. They also won conference championships in 1998 and 2000, and were National Runners-up in 1995 and 1998. The women's team went on to win the SEABL championship in 2004, while the men's team won the South Conference title in 2009.

In 2019, following the demise of the SEABL, the Blues joined the NBL1 South. In 2022 at the NBL1 National Finals, the Blues men lost 85–74 in the championship game to the Rockingham Flames.

## NBL Season by season

| **NBL champions** | **League champions** | **Runners-up** | **Finals berth** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |

| Season | Tier | League | Regular season | | | | | Post-season | Head coach |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Finish | Played | Wins | Losses | Win % | | |
| **Frankston Bears** | | | | | | | | | |
| 1983 | 1 | NBL | 6th | 22 | 6 | 16 | .273 | Did not qualify | Tony Gaze |
| 1984 | 1 | NBL | 8th | 24 | 10 | 14 | .417 | Did not qualify | Tony Gaze |
| Regular season record | | | | 46 | 16 | 30 | .348 | 0 regular season champions | | |
| Finals record | | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | .000 | **0 NBL championships** | | |

As of the end of the **1984 season**

*\*Note: In 1983 and 1984, the NBL was split into Eastern and Western divisions during the regular season.*

## InfoBox

| Frankston Blues | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Leagues | NBL1 South |
| Founded | 1981 |
| History | **Men:**
**Frankston Bears**
1981–1984
**Bayside Blues**
1986–1993
**Frankston Blues**
1994–present
**Women:**
**Bayside Blues**
1990–1992
**Frankston Blues**
1993–present |
| Arena | Frankston Basketball Stadium |
| Location | Seaford, Victoria |
| Team colors | Navy blue, light blue and white
 |
| Main sponsor | Frankston RSL
Powerade |
| Head coach | **M:** Andrew Harms
**W:** Dean Kinsman |
| Championships | **Men:**
**ABA** (1)**SEABL** (1)**Women:**
**ABA** (3)**SEABL** (3) |
| Conference titles | **Men:**
**SEABL** (6) |
| Website | fdba.com.au |


title: Frankston Freeway

abstract: Frankston Freeway is a short freeway in southern Melbourne initially designed as a bypass of central Frankston and later incorporated a freeway-style upgrade to Wells Road in the 1970s, now acting as a link from suburban Melbourne to Frankston's eastern suburbs. Frankston Freeway is now mostly used by local traffic as an express link in and out of Frankston, the largest city near the Mornington Peninsula, bypassing other congested arterial roads linking Frankston to the rest of suburban Melbourne. Frankston Freeway connects with three other urban freeways: the EastLink tollway, Mornington Peninsula Freeway and Peninsula Link.

text:
# Frankston Freeway

**Frankston Freeway** is a short freeway in southern Melbourne initially designed as a bypass of central Frankston and later incorporated a freeway-style upgrade to Wells Road in the 1970s, now acting as a link from suburban Melbourne to Frankston's eastern suburbs.

Frankston Freeway is now mostly used by local traffic (as through traffic now exit EastLink onto Peninsula Link and vice versa) as an express link in and out of Frankston, the largest city near the Mornington Peninsula, bypassing other congested arterial roads linking Frankston to the rest of suburban Melbourne. Frankston Freeway connects with three other urban freeways: the EastLink tollway, Mornington Peninsula Freeway (northern section) and Peninsula Link.

## Route

Frankston Freeway begins at the interchange with the northern section of Mornington Peninsula Freeway, Peninsula Link and EastLink in Carrum Downs, and heads south through Seaford parallel to the Frankston railway line until Frankston-Dandenong Road, veering south-east to terminate within the alignment of McMahons Road just south of Beach Street in the eastern suburbs of Frankston. The Eastlink tollway connects directly to its northern end, providing a freeway-standard road from Frankston north through the eastern suburbs of Melbourne.

Frankston Freeway has subsumed most of the former Wells Road alignment through Seaford to Klauer Street, and was originally designed to accommodate the northern section of Mornington Peninsula Freeway. Until 2013, Mornington Peninsula Freeway had a missing section (intended to bypass suburban Frankston) for decades - now built as Peninsula Link \- and at the time Frankston Freeway (and later Moorooduc Highway) served as part of the missing link between the two sections of Mornington Peninsula Freeway.

## History

Plans for an undivided highway between Seaford Road and Cranbourne-Frankston Road around Frankston had existed since 1950, and had become known as the **Frankston By-pass Road** after its initial stages were constructed in the early 1960s, connecting with Wells Road and continuing on to Mordialloc. The Frankston By-pass Road was renamed to **Frankston Freeway**, upgraded to freeway standard and extended further north in the early 1970s.

Frankston By-pass Road was signed Metropolitan Route 11 in 1965, re-routed from Wells Road when replacement stages of Frankston Freeway opened during the 1970s. With Victoria's conversion to the newer alphanumeric system in the late 1990s, Metropolitan Route 11 was replaced with route M3 when Peninsula Link opened in 2013.

The passing of the *Road Management Act 2004* granted the responsibility of overall management and development of Victoria's major arterial roads to VicRoads: in 2012, VicRoads re-declared **Frankston Freeway** (Freeway #1840) between Mornington Peninsula Freeway in Carrum Downs and end at the ramps to Beach Street in Frankston.

The freeway has previously been congested in holiday months due to the then-missing section of Mornington Peninsula Freeway: since the construction of that section (Peninsula Link) in 2013, through traffic has reduced immensely on the Frankston Freeway.

### Timeline of construction

* 1960/61 – Frankston By-pass Road, 4,600 feet (1.4 km) between William Street (today Klauer Street) and Frankston-Dandenong Road, opened as a two-lane single-carriageway road, at a cost of 22,500.
* 1962/63 – Frankston By-pass Road, extended 1.2 miles (1.9 km) from Frankston-Dandenong Road to Beach Street opened, as a two-lane single-carriageway road, with grade separation at Beach Street.
* 1970 – Frankston Freeway, 2 miles (3.2 km) of second carriageway between Klauer Street and Frankston-Cranbourne Road, opened December 1970.
* 1971/72 – Frankston Freeway, elimination of last at-grade intersection with overpass of Frankston-Dandenong Road completed during 1971/72 financial year, at a cost of A$556,000
* 1973 – Extended 1.5 miles (2.4 km) with dual carriageways and at-grade intersections north of Klauer Street to Armstrongs Road, completed early 1973.
* 1974 – Seaford Road interchange opened early 1974, and Klauer Street overpass completed December 1974.

The first stage of the northern section of Mornington Peninsula Freeway \- a 2km section from Armstrongs Road to Eel Race Drain - connecting to the northern end of Frankston Freeway, was opened in November 1976.

## Exits and interchanges

Frankston Freeway is entirely contained within the City of Frankston local government area.

| Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Seaford | 0.0 | 0.0 | EastLink (M3 northeast)  Ringwood, Clifton Hill, City | Northern freeway terminus: continues northeast as EastLink |
| | | Mornington Peninsula Freeway (M11 north)  Dingley Village | Northbound exit to and southbound entrance from M11 |
| | | Rutherford Road  Carrum Downs | Southbound exit only |
| | 2.9 | 1.8 | Seaford Road  Skye, Seaford |  |
| Seaford–Frankston boundary | 5.2 | 3.2 | Frankston-Dandenong Road (Metro Route 9)  Dandenong, Frankston | Southbound entry via Skye Road |
| Frankston | 6.9 | 4.3 | Beach Street  Frankston | Northbound exit and southbound entrance only |
| | 7.1 | 4.4 | McMahons Road (C777 south)  Somerville, Hastings | Southern freeway terminus; continues south as McMahons Road |
|  | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Frankston Freeway
Victoria | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Upgraded section of Frankston Freeway near EastLink | |
|  | |
| North endSouth end | |
| Coordinates |  |
| General information | |
| Type | Freeway |
| Length | 7.1 km (4.4 mi) |
| Opened | 1962–1974 |
| Route number(s) | M3 (2013–present) |
| Former
route number | Metro Route 11 (1965–2013) |
| Major junctions | |
| North end | **EastLink**
Seaford, Melbourne |
|  |  |
| South end | **McMahons Road**
Frankston, Melbourne |
| Location(s) | |
| LGA(s) | City of Frankston |
| Major suburbs | Seaford, Frankston |
| Highway system | |
|  | |


title: Frank Hatton (explorer)

abstract: Frank Hatton was an English geologist and explorer, who died young from an accidental shooting in the Bornean jungle. He was the second child of the journalist Joseph Hatton, who wrote a biographical preface to the book on North Borneo published posthumously based on field notes.

text:
# Frank Hatton (explorer)

**Frank Hatton** (31 August 1861 – 1 March 1883) was an English geologist and explorer, who died young from an accidental shooting in the Bornean jungle. He was the second child of the journalist Joseph Hatton, who wrote a biographical preface to the book on North Borneo published posthumously based on field notes.

## Biography

Frank was born at Horfield near Bristol and was educated at Marcy, near Lille in France and later King's College School. He went to study at the Royal School of Mines in London where he won the Frankland prize of the Institute of Chemistry. With a keen interest in the study of geology, he joined the British North Borneo Company as a mineral explorer and set off on his first expedition, leaving London in August 1881. He reached Labuan in October and Abai in November. He explored the Sequati and Kurina rivers before recouping at Singapore and in the summer of 1882 he visited the Labuk river followed by Kinoram district. Frank had been extremely interested in exploration, with a knowledge of local dialects and well read on the works of earlier explorers. News of his death came from the servants who accompanied Hatton into the forest. The story was told to Andrew Beveridge, an Australian gold miner who was present at the time. His last words were uttered in Malay to an assistant named Odeen. Odeen would later serve as a servant to Herbert Ward. Both Beveridge and the coroner, Dr J. H. Walker had some doubts about the accounts and the available evidence. The official explanation was that he was killed when his Winchester rifle, entangled in the forest vegetation, went off while he was pursuing an elephant. After his death, his body was brought by several days of canoe journey on the Kinabatangan River to Elopura. An enquiry pointed to accidental death and he was buried at Sandakan cemetery.

After his death, his father and friends established a Frank Hatton prize for the best student in organic chemistry, awarded each year by the Royal School of Mines and Normal College of Science, Kensington (now part of Imperial College) where Frank had carried out his undergraduate studies. Joseph Conrad was inspired by the stories of Hatton's travels and incorporated some ideas from them.

Frank's publications included a note on *The Adventures of a Drop of Thames Water* to the Whitehall Review and two papers- *On the Action of Bacteria on Various Gases,* and *On the Influence of Intermittent Filtration through Sand and Spongy Iron on Animal and Vegetable Matters dissolved in Water, and the Reduction of Nitrates by savage and other agents.*


title: Frank Hauser (American football)

abstract: Frank Hauser is an American football coach and former player. He played at Wesleyan University and served as the school's head football coach for 18 years, from 1992 to 2009. With 68 wins in 18 years as Wesleyan's head coach, he is the second-winningest football coach in Wesleyan history.

text:
# Frank Hauser (American football)

**Frank Hauser** (born October 18, 1957) is an American football coach and former player. He played at Wesleyan University and served as the school's head football coach for 18 years, from 1992 to 2009. With 68 wins in 18 years as Wesleyan's head coach, he is the second-winningest football coach in Wesleyan history.

## Athletic career

Hauser attended Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut from 1975 to 1979. He played linebacker for Wesleyan's football team and was also a member of Wesleyan's wrestling team for four years. He graduated from Wesleyan in 1979 and subsequently received an M.A. from the university.

## Early coaching career

After graduating from Wesleyan, Hauser began his career in coaching and education at Middletown High School as a mathematics teacher and an assistant coach in several sports. He later became the head football coach at Glastonbury High School and led the team to an 11–0 record and the Class LL Connecticut state championship in 1984.

## Wesleyan

In 1986, Hauser returned to his alma mater as an assistant coach for the Wesleyan football team. He was the team's defensive coordinator starting in 1986 and became the head football coach in 1992. He was also an assistant men's basketball coach at Wesleyan from 1988 to 1992. In 18 years as Wesleyan's head coach, Hauser compiled a career record of 68–76, making him the second winningest football coach in the school's 120-year football history (trailing only Norm Daniels with 76 wins). His best season at Wesleyan was 1997 when the football team finished with a 7–1 and a three-way tie for the Little Three championship. He also led the team to 6–2 records in 1993 and 1998. He put together a record of 54–42 in his first 12 years as Wesleyan's head coach, but he failed to post a winning record for six straight years from 2004 through 2009. In those years, the team compiled a record of 14–34, including an 0–8 season in 2005 and a 1–7 season in 2008. In December 2009, Hauser was fired from his position as Wesleyan's head coach. Hauser's former assistant coach, John Skubel, said at the time, "I thought he was a brilliant coach who was great with the kids. A long time ago he volunteered to tutor kids in math there and he's an alumnus of Wesleyan. I have no idea what their reasons are, but all I know is that he's a great coach." Hauser retained his position as an adjunct professor of physical education at Wesleyan.

## Hartford Colonials

In May 2010, Hauser was hired as the linebackers coach for the Hartford Colonials of the United Football League. Interviewed about his new position, Hauser said, "I like what I'm doing and that it's at a pretty high level. It's real good so far and the nice thing is it's professional football, all football all the time. There's no recruiting or any of the other things that come with college football."

## InfoBox

Frank Hauser
| Current position | |
| --- | --- |
| Title | Quarterbacks coach |
| Team | Tufts |
| Conference | NESCAC |
| Biographical details | |
| Born | (1957-10-18) October 18, 1957 |
| Playing career | |
| 1975–1978 | Wesleyan |
|  | |
| Position(s) | Linebacker |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| 1986–1991 | Wesleyan (DC) |
| 1992–2009 | Wesleyan |
| 2010 | Hartford Colonials (LB) |
| 2011–2023 | Tufts (OC/QB) |
| 2024–present | Tufts (QB) |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 68–76 (college) |
|  | |


title: Peter L. Benson

abstract: Peter Lorimer Benson (1946–2011) was a psychologist and CEO/President of Search Institute. He pioneered the developmental assets framework, which became the predominant approach to research on positive facets of youth development. According to the American Psychologist, When [Benson] introduced the developmental assets [approach] in 1989, the predominant approach to youth development was naming youth problems and trying to prevent them. In contrast, the assets approach focused on building strengths. The developmental assets framework became the predominant positive youth development approach in the world, cited more than 17,000 times, and the framework and surveys developed to measure the assets have been used with more than 3 million youths in more than 60 countries.

text:
# Peter L. Benson

**Peter Lorimer Benson** (1946–2011) was a psychologist and CEO/President of Search Institute. He pioneered the developmental assets framework, which became the predominant approach to research on positive facets of youth development. According to the *American Psychologist*,

> When \[Benson\] introduced the developmental assets \[approach\] in 1989, the predominant approach to youth development was naming youth problems and trying to prevent them. In contrast, the assets approach focused on building strengths. The developmental assets framework became the predominant positive youth development approach in the world, cited more than 17,000 times, and the framework and surveys developed to measure the assets have been used with more than 3 million youths in more than 60 countries.

## Selected works

* Benson, Peter (2008). *Sparks: How parents can help ignite the hidden strengths of teenagers*. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. ISBN 978-0-470-29404-8.

## InfoBox

| Peter L. Benson | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Peter Lorimer Benson
May 2, 1946
Duluth, Minnesota |
| Died | October 2, 2011
Minneapolis, Minnesota |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | University of Denver (PhD) |
| Known for | Developmental assets |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Developmental psychology, psychology of religion, |
| Institutions | Search Institute |
|  | |


title: Franconia (hymn tune)

abstract: Franconia is a hymn tune by Johann Balthasar König adapted by William Havergal. It first appeared in König's Harmonischer Liederschatz chorale book published in 1738. The most common text for the hymn is "Blest Are the Pure in Heart" by John Keble.

text:
# Franconia (hymn tune)

**Franconia** is a hymn tune by Johann Balthasar König adapted by William Havergal. It first appeared in König's Harmonischer Liederschatz chorale book published in 1738. The most common text for the hymn is "Blest Are the Pure in Heart" by John Keble.

## Common texts

* Blest Are the Pure in Heart
* The Advent of our King
* We Give Thee but Thine Own
* Within the Father's House

## InfoBox

| Franconia | |
| --- | --- |
| Hymn tune by Johann Balthasar König | |
| Genre | Hymn |
| Meter | 6.6.8.6 |
| Melody | John Hughes |
| Published | 1738 |


title: Frank Engel (politician)

abstract: Frank Engel is a Luxembourgish politician and a former Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Luxembourg. He was a member of the Christian Social People's Party until 2022, part of the European People's Party.

text:
# Frank Engel (politician)

**Frank Engel** (born 10 May 1975) is a Luxembourgish politician and a former Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Luxembourg. He was a member of the Christian Social People's Party until 2022, part of the European People's Party.

## Background

Frank Engel completed his primary and secondary education in Diekirch, Luxembourg. At this time, he was a member of the "Gréng Alternativ Partei" (green party) and was active in the student organisation UNEL, where he was part of the national buro. He studied law at the Université Libre de Bruxelles and received a maîtrise in private law from the Université de Metz. During his studies he became a member of the national committee of CSJ, the youth wing of CSV and was the president of several youth organisations, such as the National Union of Students, the National Youth Council and the European Federation of Christian Democrat Students (United Students for Europe).

After working as an independent consultant, he became the Editor in chief of CODEX, which is a website offering legal information. In 1999 he joined Jacques Santer's cabinet in the European Parliament and in 2001 he became the Secretary General of the CSV parliamentary group. He held the position until 2009, when he stood for the European elections for the first time and was elected to the European Parliament.

## Political career

Engel is the youngest MEP from his country and the head of the Luxembourgish EPP delegation.

At the European Parliament, he participates in the following committees:

He is also active in the following delegations:

* Delegation for Relations with the Pan-African Parliament - member
* Delegation to the ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly - member
* Delegation for Relations with the Korean Peninsula - substitute member

Previously, he has been a member of the Employment and Social Affairs Committee (EMPL), of the Special Committee on the Financial, Economic and Social Crisis (CRIS) and of the Special Committee on the Policy Challenges and Budgetary Resources for a sustainable European Union after 2013 (SURE).

He has written three books on European issues: the 'Europa in der großen Krise Ein Drama in drei Akten' ('Europe in the Great Crisis - A Drama in Three Acts') in 2009, 'Die Schulden überwinden - Ein Haushalt für den Euro' ('Overcome the debt - A budget for the euro') in 2012 and 'Projet de Manifeste pour les États-Unis d'Europe' ('Manifesto for a United States of Europe') in 2013.

## Other activities

He has also contributed to the book "Europe's Next Avoidable War: Nagorno-Karabakh" with the chapter "The Karabakh Dilemma: Right to Self-Determination, Imperative of Territorial Integrity, or a Caucasian New Deal?".

## Controversy

In February 2018, Engel went to Nagorno-Karabakh as part of a so-called friendship group with three other MEPs to observe a referendum vote on changes to the constitution. The European Parliament later said Engel's visit undermined the official position of the EU, which did not recognize the holding of a referendum in Nagorno-Karabakh as it does not formally recognize the territory.

Engel who is the substitute member of the Committee on the Organised Crime, Corruption and Money Laundering (CRIM) of the EP and who was formerly at the forefront of the fight against corruption, resigned from the position of the presidency of the Luxembourgian Christian Social People's Party (CSV) on 19 March 2021 due to a suspicion of corruption. The lawsuit, which involves restitution of benefits as well as an alleged sham employment relationship, began in October 2021.

*
*
*
*

## InfoBox

| Frank EngelMEP | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the European Parliament | |
| **In office**
1 July 2009  1 July 2019 | |
| Constituency | Luxembourg |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1975-05-10) 10 May 1975
Luxembourg City, Luxembourg |
| Political party | ***EU***
European People's Party
***Luxembourgish***
Christian Social People's Party (until 2022)
Fokus (since 2022) |
|  | |


title: Frank Engel (football manager)

abstract: Frank Engel is a German football manager who manages the Germany U15 national team. From 1 January 2006 until 2009 he managed Germany's Under-18 national team.

text:
# Frank Engel (football manager)

**Frank Engel** (born 15 February 1951) is a German football manager who manages the Germany U15 national team. From 1 January 2006 until 2009 he managed Germany's Under-18 national team.

## Club career

Born in Leipzig, East Germany, Engel began his playing career at BSG DIMO Böhlitz-Ehrenberg in a suburb of Leipzig, before moving on to DDR-Oberliga side BSG Chemie Leipzig. Here he played for the youth team, but already had to end his playing days without playing a single senior game due to prolonged back problems.

## Managerial career

Engel took up managing immediately after his playing days had come to an end, working as a youth coach for Chemie Leipzig until 1976, when he found work with the Deutscher Fußball-Verband, the East German football association. He coached the youth national teams, U15 to U19. Altogether, he was in charge of a national team for 195 matches, and coached later stars such as Matthias Sammer, Ulf Kirsten and Thomas Doll. In 1988 his team won the bronze medal at the Under-16 European Championship in Spain. The East Germans beat their West German counterparts under Holger Osieck in the third-place playoff.

After German reunification, Engel managed a number of clubs, among the 2. Bundesliga side Carl Zeiss Jena and former East German top-flight teams 1. FC Magdeburg and Rot-Weiß Erfurt. He gained some international experience managing Daewoo Royals FC in South Korea and Ismaily SC in Egypt. In South Korea, He became a historical first foreign manager in K-League history. Additionally he was assistant manager at Eintracht Frankfurt, F.C. Hansa Rostock and Alemannia Aachen, always under Jörg Berger.

Since 2006 he has again been working with the youth national teams, first with the U18 as the successor of Michael Skibbe, then the Under-19 national team and now with the Under-15 team.

## InfoBox

Frank Engel
| Engel in 1990 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Date of birth | (1951-02-15) 15 February 1951 | | |
| Place of birth | Leipzig, East Germany | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Germany U15 (Manager) | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | | |
|  | BSG DIMO Böhlitz-Ehrenberg | | |
| 0000–1970 | BSG Chemie Leipzig | | |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 1976–1988 | East Germany youth teams | | |
| 1989 | BSG Chemie Böhlen | | |
| 1990 | Daewoo Royals | | |
| 1991–1992 | FC Sachsen Leipzig | | |
| 1992–1993 | TSG Markkleeberg | | |
| 1993–1994 | 1. FC Magdeburg | | |
| 1994–1995 | Union Berlin | | |
| 1995–1997 | Rot-Weiß Erfurt | | |
| 1997 | Carl Zeiss Jena | | |
| 1998–1999 | Ismaily | | |
| 2000 | Rot-Weiß Erfurt | | |
| 2006–2009 | Germany U-18 | | |
| 2009– | Germany U-15 | | |


title: Frank O'Neill (politician)

abstract: Frank O'Neill (1893–1975) was an Australian politician and a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for a single term between 1953 and 1956. He was a member of the Labor Party (ALP). O'Neill was born in Newcastle, New South Wales and was the son of a postmaster. He was educated at Sydney Boys High School. and worked as a clerk in the New South Wales Public Service. O'Neill joined the Labor Party at an early age and, as a member of the Socialization Units, was an opponent of the leadership of Jack Lang in the 1930s. He was the president of Robert Heffron's breakaway Industrial Labor Party in 1938-39 and became a member of the Labor Party's executive when the Industrial Party rejoined the official party in 1939. O'Neill was elected to parliament as the Labor member for Georges River at the 1953 state election. The incumbent Labor member Arthur Williams left Georges River, which was traditionally a Liberal seat, to contest the safer seat of East Hills. The 1953 election saw Labor make significant gains in marginal seats. At the next election, in 1956, Labor's vote dropped because of divisions within the federal Labor Party and the formation of the DLP. As a result, O'Neill lost the seat to the Liberal party's Douglas Cross, and retired from public life. He did not hold party, parliamentary or ministerial office.

text:
# Frank O'Neill (politician)

**Frank O'Neill** (1893–1975) was an Australian politician and a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for a single term between 1953 and 1956. He was a member of the Labor Party (ALP).

O'Neill was born in Newcastle, New South Wales and was the son of a postmaster. He was educated at Sydney Boys High School. and worked as a clerk in the New South Wales Public Service. O'Neill joined the Labor Party at an early age and, as a member of the Socialization Units, was an opponent of the leadership of Jack Lang in the 1930s. He was the president of Robert Heffron's breakaway Industrial Labor Party in 1938-39 and became a member of the Labor Party's executive when the Industrial Party rejoined the official party in 1939. O'Neill was elected to parliament as the Labor member for Georges River at the 1953 state election. The incumbent Labor member Arthur Williams left Georges River, which was traditionally a Liberal seat, to contest the safer seat of East Hills. The 1953 election saw Labor make significant gains in marginal seats. At the next election, in 1956, Labor's vote dropped because of divisions within the federal Labor Party and the formation of the DLP. As a result, O'Neill lost the seat to the Liberal party's Douglas Cross, and retired from public life. He did not hold party, parliamentary or ministerial office.

## InfoBox

| Frank O'Neill | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1893-10-16)16 October 1893
Newcastle, New South Wales |
| Died | 1 November 1975(1975-11-01) (aged 82)
Sutherland, New South Wales |
| Political party | Labor Party |
|  | |


title: Frank O'Rourke (baseball)

abstract:
James Francis O'Rourke was a Canadian professional baseball infielder. He played in Major League Baseball for the Boston Braves, Brooklyn Robins,
Washington Senators, Boston Red Sox, Detroit Tigers, and St. Louis Browns between 1912 and 1931.

text:
# Frank O'Rourke (baseball)

**James Francis O'Rourke** (November 28, 1893 – May 14, 1986) was a Canadian professional baseball infielder. He played in Major League Baseball for the Boston Braves, Brooklyn Robins, Washington Senators, Boston Red Sox, Detroit Tigers, and St. Louis Browns between 1912 and 1931.

## Biography

O'Rourke was born in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, and debuted as the third youngest player in the National League at 17 years age. His best season was 1925, when he batted .293 with 40 doubles, 5 home runs, and 57 RBI. In his career, he played at all four infield positions, primarily third base, where he had a .949 career fielding percentage in 598 games. O'Rourke was also a longtime New York Yankees scout.

In 1986, O'Rourke died at age 92 in Chatham, New Jersey. He was inducted posthumously into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame in 1996.

## InfoBox

| Frank O'Rourke | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| **Third baseman** | |
| **Born:** (1893-11-28)November 28, 1893
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada | |
| **Died:** May 14, 1986(1986-05-14) (aged 92)
Chatham, New Jersey, U.S. | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| June 11, 1912, for the Boston Braves | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| July 28, 1931, for the St. Louis Browns | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Batting average | .254 |
| Home runs | 15 |
| Runs batted in | 430 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |
| Member of the Canadian | |
| Baseball Hall of Fame | |
| Induction | 1996 |
|  | |


title: Peter Dalby

abstract: Peter Dalby is a British figure skater who competed in ice dance. Partnered with Janet Sawbridge, he won bronze at the 1972 European Figure Skating Championships.

text:
# Peter Dalby

**Peter Dalby** is a British figure skater who competed in ice dance.

Partnered with Janet Sawbridge, he won bronze at the 1972 European Figure Skating Championships.

## Competitive highlights

**With Janet Sawbridge**

| International | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Event | 1971 | 1972 | 1973 | 1974 |
| World Championships |  | 4th | 4th | 5th |
| European Championships | 5th | 3rd | 4th | 4th |
| National | | | | | |
| British Championships |  | 1st | 2nd |  |

## InfoBox

| Peter Dalby | |
| --- | --- |
| Figure skating career | |
| Country | Great Britain |
| Medal record      Representing  Great Britain  Figure skating: Ice dancing  European Championships  1972 Gothenburg Ice dancing | |


title: Peter de Valognes

abstract: Peter de Valognes (1045–1110) was a Norman noble who became a great landowner in England following the Norman Conquest.

text:
# Peter de Valognes

**Peter de Valognes** (1045–1110) was a Norman noble who became a great landowner in England following the Norman Conquest.

## Land holdings

Between 1070 and 1076, Peter de Valognes was granted lands in the six counties of Hertfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex and Lincolnshire. In 1086, when the Domesday book was completed, Peter was sheriff of the counties of Essex and Hertfordshire and he farmed the boroughs of Havering and Hertford. Peter de Valognes made his caput in Benington in Hertfordshire where a motte-and-bailey castle was built in the late 11th or early 12th century. Peter's most valuable lands however, were in Norfolk, the latter being a later grant at the forfeiture of Ralph de Guader after the revolt of the Earls in 1075.

## Binham Priory

Peter de Valognes was the founder of Binham Priory in North Norfolk in 1091, which was built on land given to him by William the Conqueror. The land on which the priory stands was, according to the Domesday Book, originally the property of a freeman named Esket.

## Marriage and issue

Peter de Valognes married Albreda de Rie, the sister of Eudo the Dapifer, and are known to have had the following known children:

* Roger de Valognes, Lord of Benington, married Agnes, daughter of John FitzRichard, had issue.
* Robert, married Agnes de Clavering, daughter of John fitz Nigel, had issue.
* Peter, married Aubrey, daughter of William FitzNeel, Lord of Halton, and Agnes de Widness, had issue.
* William, died without legitimate heirs.
* Muriel, married firstly William de Bachetone and secondly Hubert de Munchensy, had issue.
* daughter, married Alfred of Attleborough, had issue.

1. "Peter de Valognes (1045-1110) - Find A Grave..." *www.findagrave.com*. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
2. The King’s England series, NORFOLK, by Arthur Mee, Pub: Hodder and Stoughton,1972, page 32 Binham, ISBN 0-340-15061-0
3. Parkin 1809, p. 26
4. *Annales monasterii S. Albani*, Johannes Amundesham, St. Albans Abbey, 1870 *... quod ego, Petrus Valoniensis, et Alberethea, uxor mea, concedentibus filiis meis, Wilelmo et Rogero, consilio etiam nepotis mei, Walteri...*


title: Frank I. Bailey Jr.

abstract: Frank Irving Bailey Jr. was an American politician. He was a member of the Georgia House of Representatives from 1972 to 1976, 1983 to 1990, and 1993 to 2000. He was a member of the Democratic party.

text:
# Frank I. Bailey Jr.

**Frank Irving Bailey Jr.** (born August 3, 1936) was an American politician. He was a member of the Georgia House of Representatives from 1972 to 1976, 1983 to 1990, and 1993 to 2000. He was a member of the Democratic party.

## InfoBox

| Frank I. Bailey Jr. | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Georgia House of Representatives | |
| **In office**
1972–1976
1983–1990
1993–2000 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1936-08-03) August 3, 1936
Augusta, Georgia, United States |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Residence(s) | Jonesboro, Georgia |
|  | |


title: Frank I. Herriott

abstract: Frank Irving Herriott was an academic and educator from the U.S. state of Iowa.

text:
# Frank I. Herriott

**Frank Irving Herriott** (October 19, 1868 – September 14, 1941) was an academic and educator from the U.S. state of Iowa.

## Early life and education

Herriott was born in New Liberty, Scott County, Iowa, on October 19, 1868, to John (who served as Lieutenant Governor of Iowa) and Nellie M. Herriott. He attended high school in Stuart, Iowa. Herriott received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1890 and a Master of Arts degree in 1893, both from Grinnell College, and a Doctor of Philosophy degree from Johns Hopkins University in 1893.

## Career

Herriot served as acting professor of political science at Grinnell from 1895 until 1898; he was deputy state treasurer from 1897 until 1901. He became a professor at Drake University in 1903 and remained there until his death, teaching classes in political science, economics, and sociology. From 1903 until 1916, he also worked as a statistician for the Iowa Board of Control. He wrote on a wide variety of topics, including taxes, the state budget, Sir William Temple, and Abraham Lincoln; Johnson Brigham wrote in 1918 that "\[i\]f we have any typical, well-rounded Iowa authors he is one of them". Herriott was an expert on Iowa history, and an obituary characterized him as a "recognized authority" on the life of Lincoln, particularly his election and his ascent to nationwide prominence.

## Personal life

Herriott and Mary Haines wed in 1896; they had five children. Herriott was a member of the American Society of International Law and Phi Beta Kappa, and he was a director of the Municipal Research Bureau of Iowa and the Des Moines Bureau of Municipal Research. He was a member of the executive committee of the Associated Charities of Des Moines and manager of the Iowa Children's Home's board. Herriott drafted proposed legislation to require municipalities to publish information about their financial accounts; it was passed by the Iowa Legislature in 1906.

## Death and legacy

Herriott died suddenly of peritonitis on September 14, 1941. Henry G. Harmon, the president of Drake University, stated that "\[t\]he loss to the city of Des Moines and the university is very genuine, and one that cannot be calculated". The Iowa Children's Home established an educational fund in his honor, and in 1958, a newly constructed dormitory at Drake University was named for him. According to an obituary in *The Christian Century*, "\[f\]ew educators have had a more direct effect on political policies of the state and its municipalities, especially in relation to taxation questions".


title: Petr Kutal

abstract: Petr Kutal is a retired Czech Nordic combined skier. He was born in Nové Město na Moravě. Highlights of his career include a bronze medal at the Universiade in Harbin in 2009 and a third rank with the team at the Junior World Championships in Rovaniemi in 2005. He represented the Czech Republic at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2015 in Falun.

text:
# Petr Kutal

**Petr Kutal** (born 31 August 1988) is a retired Czech Nordic combined skier. He was born in Nové Město na Moravě.

Highlights of his career include a bronze medal at the Universiade in Harbin in 2009 and a third rank with the team at the Junior World Championships in Rovaniemi in 2005.

He represented the Czech Republic at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2015 in Falun.

## InfoBox

| Petr Kutal | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1988-08-31) 31 August 1988<br>Nové Město na Moravě |
| Ski club | Dukla Liberec |
| World Cup career | |
| Seasons | 2010–2016 |
| Medal record      Men's Nordic combined skiing  Representing  Czech Republic | |


title: Petr Kumstát

abstract: Petr Kumstát is a Czech professional ice hockey player. He played with HC Karlovy Vary in the Czech Extraliga during the 2010–11 Czech Extraliga season.

text:
# Petr Kumstát

**Petr Kumstát** (born November 19, 1981) is a Czech professional ice hockey player. He played with HC Karlovy Vary in the Czech Extraliga during the 2010–11 Czech Extraliga season.

## InfoBox

| Petr Kumstát | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Born | (1981-11-19) November 19, 1981<br>Prostějov, Czechoslovakia | | |
| Height | 6 ft 6 in (198 cm) | | |
| Weight | 212 lb (96 kg; 15 st 2 lb) | | |
| Position | Forward | | |
| Shot | Left | | |
| Czech Extraliga team | *HC Sparta Praha* | | |
| Playing career | 20002019 | | |


title: Petr Kvíčala

abstract: Petr Kvíčala is one of the most significant personalities in Czech abstract painting. At the turn of the 1980s and 1990s he became a pioneer in discovering and promoting ornament as a unique individual phenomenon. He also significantly contributed to the acceptance of aesthetic qualities of visual art. Since 1995 he has undertaken commissions for architecture-related projects in which he has collaborated with a number of leading architects both from the Czech Republic and abroad. He has been a lecturer at the Faculty of Fine Arts of the Brno University of Technology, where he is in charge of a painting studio, since 1994. His works are represented in public and private collections.

text:
# Petr Kvíčala

**Petr Kvíčala** (born 1960 in Svitavy) is one of the most significant personalities in Czech abstract painting. At the turn of the 1980s and 1990s he became a pioneer in discovering and promoting ornament as a unique individual phenomenon. He also significantly contributed to the acceptance of aesthetic qualities of visual art. Since 1995 he has undertaken commissions for architecture-related projects in which he has collaborated with a number of leading architects both from the Czech Republic and abroad. He has been a lecturer at the Faculty of Fine Arts of the Brno University of Technology, where he is in charge of a painting studio, since 1994. His works are represented in public and private collections.

## Life

Petr Kvíčala was born in Svitavy in 1960. A serious interest in fine arts he developed during his studies at the Secondary Technical School of Chemistry, led to the attempt to transfer to a school with an artistic focus, that he was denied. A major impulse of Kvíčala's artistic development came in the course of his compulsory military service in Janovice nad Úhlavou, where he met graduates of the Prague Academy of Fine Arts and began to draw portraits of other soldiers.

After finishing his military service, Kvíčala started Secondary School of Arts and Crafts in Brno, where he received a number of recommendations for his further study at the Academy. However, he was not permitted to enrol for ideological reasons. At the same time in 1982 he started working as a stoker (what he did until 1990) and began to engage in the underground movement.

A milestone in his artistic career was his participation in an exhibition in The Youth Gallery in 1985. There started author's closer co-operation with Petr Veselý and Vladimir Kokolia, which subsequently led to creation of an art group called Tovaryšstvo malířske (Society of Painting). Since the second half of the 1980s Kvíčala's work was supported by theoreticians Petr Nedoma and Jiří Valoch and he started to be repeatedly invited to participate in exhibitions of professional artists.

In 1986 Kvíčala entered the underground music scene with his band called Květen (May), working on the basis of minimalism and musical and political irony, what are themes which correlate with author's painterly work of that time. In 1989 he became a member of the art group Měkkohlaví, which was formed in response to the emergence of various artistic groups, lacking a common program, whose main objective was to promote commercially. In 1989 Kvíčala founded, along with Marian Palla and Milan Magni, a musically-performative group called Florián – Group of Haze and Kine.

After 1989 Petr Kvíčala started to be represented in state and public collections and his work was regularly reflected in professional journals. Since 1994 he has been working on the Faculty of Fine Arts in Brno, initially in the studios of conceptual tendencies and intermedia, and later as a head of one of the painting studios (his students were e.g. Jindřich Chalupecký prize laureate Barbora Klímová, Pavel Ryška, Matěj Smetana, Anežka Hošková, Petr Dub, Jana Babincová or Václav Kočí). In 2001 he received a Degree of an Assistant Professor at the Academy of Fine Arts in Prague.

In 1995 Kvíčala made his first painterly intervention into architecture (in the apartment of architect Ivan Koleček in Lausanne) and so started a long series of art projects in architecture, which has been one of the main themes of his work until now.

## Painting

Petr Kvíčala has been dealing with ornament since the mid 1980s. Both through his work and as a creative artist he confirmed the significance and importance of painting in the era when new media were violently trying to replace other forms of visual art. He works with the simplest ornament, consisting of wavy lines, broken arches or loops. His source of inspiration- landscape – was transformed into an extremely reduced visual vernacular, the basic elements of which are ornamental lines.

His beginnings were punctuated by attempts to express nature's principles using the medium of visual art but it the second half of the 1980s the artistic means employed became extremely unorthodox. His creative aspirations from that period were typified by the limitless merging of various disciplines: he created texts inspired by what he had experienced in the landscape and drew simple sketches of fields. At the same time, he was a member of several ensembles dabbing in minimalist music and musique concrète whose productions crossed the boundary between theatrical and performance and animated sculptural installation.

At the turn of 1980s and 1990s, Petr Kvíčala's work seemed to display an affinity with the broad stream of post-modernist Czech painting as hinted at by the clear colours of the paintings, which enclosed colour surfaces within boundaries and used archetypal-geometric elements. Today, such a general classification is less justifiable. Obviously, rather than making post-modernist quotations and providing a symbolic content to the paintings, so characteristic for the painters from the circle of the Tvrdohlaví group, Kvíčala was more interested in probing the possibilities of the painting medium itself. The orderly inner arrangements of Kvíčala's work is determined by employing lines approached as ornaments. Of these, the undulating line – a rhythmic painterly gesture in time – if featured most often. The lines are combined and composed according to clear pre-determined rules of algorithms which nevertheless may produce unexpected results. Attention was drawn to the similarities between his works and ornamental paintings in folk architecture (the Waves 1991) or to the affinity to the abstract cave paintings.

Kvíčala indicates his inspiration from "low" culture by using elements from artistic crafts or industrial manufacturing. In the Wallpapers (1987–1988) and Festive Tablecloths for Everyday (1992–1994) cycles he balanced on the hard-to-define line between ornaments on utility objects and artistic expression. He also emphasized manual, and therefore imperfect, reproduction of the ornamental rhythm. However, at the initial level, Kvíčala is not concerned with a post-modern game of aligning various languages, but rather he wishes to rehabilitate ornament as such. He values its visual effectiveness, rational order and its possibility of continuous variation. Kvíčala showed great invention and desire to experiment within his intentionally abridged vocabulary. Among his works we can find procedural paintings, where the surface of the painting can be looked upon as a relic of the time spent on the execution (60 Days of Red, Blue and Yellow, 1996, Monochromes).

In Memory cycle (2001–2003) Kvíčala works with a negative definition of lines, delineating them with a surrounding red surface, a memory of lines and fragments of ornaments, their imprint in the mind. Working with broad lines led author to an opposite extreme: using white paint he reduced ornamental lines to the very extreme of technical possibilities of traditional painting (Fine Stripes – Coded Ornaments 2008).

The recent works by Petr Kvíčala implement the artist's accustomed repertoire of line ornaments, combining waves, broken lines and loops. The special optical effect is achieved by a multiple repetition of thin parallel lines of the two basic ornaments and an intentionally limited colour palette, relying on a simple rhythm of two to three colours. Special prominence is given to minuscule deviations and "flaws" in the applied order. These serve as another, improvised, level of rhythmicizing the paintings although they can also be perceived as a generalization of the natural and human responses to environmental changes (cycles Dogon 2007, Pacific 2008, Flow 2009).

## Installation

Since 1993 Petr Kvíčala has created a number of ephemeral installations – mostly on the floors of galleries and in public space. Major installations are e.g. send lines in Plasy convent (1993), the red pigment installation in Behémot gallery in Prague (1994) or contemporary Zig Zag street art in Brno (2009).

## Architectonic Interventions

Since the second half of 1990s painterly interventions into architecture are one of the main topics of Kvíčala's work. He uses principles and themes from his paintings, which he strives to transfer to the specific architectural space. Kvíčala is also a coordinator of international educational and research project 2B2A, dealing with cooperation between art and architecture, its theoretical reflection and practical implementation.

The very first painterly intervention into architecture Kvíčala made, was in the apartment of architect Ivan Koleček in Lausanne. "Southern part of the apartment, with windows facing the lake, contains the living space and the adjoining studies, while the northern part faces the town. I noticed that the southern exterior "pervades" the house to such an extent that any change in weather and the continual play of light are reflected, by the great mirror of the lake surface, in the living space and becomes ts integral component. As a result, I decided to underline the opposing role of the dividing role relative to the view."

Major international project Kvíčala worked on in 2004, was new Deutsche Bundesbank building in Chemnitz (architect Josep Luís Mateo), where he realized the ceiling painting "Watermelon Cut – Ceiling Dance". The painting on the entrance hall ceiling (exceeding 150 m2 in area) is both a counterpoint and to the overall logic of the building and its complement. The paint application technique left the brush strokes visible as a sign of a human, yet artificial intervention in stark contrast to the abstraction of the organic construction materials, free of any trace of craftsmanship. Retaining the brushwork proved to be of importance in integrating the work within the architectural space, both as a nod to the process of making the painting and an element evoking the organic nature of the painting – a cut through the living tissue of a solid architectural form.

In numerous sketches prepared for the painting I first examined the rhythm of the division relative to the format as well as the harmonization of colours with regards to the materials within the space. I continued by producing two cardboard paintings at the actual scale in order to be able to precisely determine the density of the network of lines, the magnitude of the waves and their thickness. While working on the cardboards I concluded that waves of this magnitude cannot be drawn using a standard method, as their dimensions surpass the physical capability of human being. I resorted to attaching the charcoal that I used for drawing on a long pole and, by standing on tip-toe and gyrating the whole body including carefully thought-out legwork, I negotiated smooth curves. I performed something short of a dance during which the body movement is transmitted into the lines drawn.

In 2005 Petr Kvíčala cooperated, with architects A. Novák and P. Valenta, on the reconstruction of the historical building of Reduta theatre in Brno. He is author of the mural "40 Days of Red" in Reduta ballroom hall, atrium floor and ceiling arches of the theatre café. The mural consists of layers of red undulating lines laid next to one another. on a red background. In each of the superimposed layer the undulating lines have a different direction. The monochrome effect of the red paint, together with the colour of the parquet flooring arranged into historical patterns conjures up a solemn ambience nurtured by the rare occurrence of the colour red in the nature patterns, and even more so by its endorsement of the cultural and historical tradition. "The regular layers of repeatedly painted undulating lines impregnates the walls with aspects of time, exertion and sumptuousness. No celebration can take place without show and splendor as, in essence, a 'purposeless' celebration is the most natural human response to the mystery of life".

The motive of Memory cycle was used for wall paintings in Rischart building in Munich (2007). The target to achieve was to create environment which is not only positive but also outstanding and which makes it possible for the employees to identify with. Those paintings are repeated in the areas of central communications: in the corridors of the cloakrooms located in the basement, in the high lit part of the staircase leading from the second to the fifth floor, as well as in the central area in front of the offices of the owners and in the meeting room of the fifth floor, around the staircase leading to the café for the employees on the sixth floor.. "Restricting the lines by surrounding red areas, the memory of the line and fragments of the ornaments is a sort of an imprint on one's mind. I thought of the ancient concept of Crete in which unlike in the Greek one everything is floating, everything is shown in non-existence and does not manifest its achievement and the drama of the fight. It is a world of gardens determined for solitary confinement, for rest and meditation, for the world I sometimes long for and which I can relate to."

## Other

Since 1980s Kvíčala has also created number of painted objects, since 1990s he has been applying his motives to utility items, especially to textiles (e.g. his cooperation with Denisa Nová, DNB) or China.


title: Petr Kunc

abstract: Petr Kunc is a professional Czech football midfielder currently playing for Ústí nad Labem in the Czech National Football League. He made his senior league debut for Ústí on 23 October 2016 in a Czech National Football League 2–0 away loss at Žižkov at the age of 16 years and 11 days.

text:
# Petr Kunc

**Petr Kunc** (born 12 October 2000) is a professional Czech football midfielder currently playing for Ústí nad Labem in the Czech National Football League.

He made his senior league debut for Ústí on 23 October 2016 in a Czech National Football League 2–0 away loss at Žižkov at the age of 16 years and 11 days.

## InfoBox

Petr Kunc
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (2000-10-12) 12 October 2000 | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Ústí nad Labem | | |
| Number | 33 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Ústí nad Labem | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2016– | Ústí nad Labem | 2 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 19 November 2016 | | | |


title: Franz Fehrenbach

abstract: Franz Fehrenbach is a German engineer and manager who was the chairman of Robert Bosch GmbH.

text:
# Franz Fehrenbach

**Franz Fehrenbach** (born 1 July 1949) is a German engineer and manager who was the chairman of Robert Bosch GmbH.

## Career

Fehrenbach studied industrial engineering at the University of Karlsruhe and joined Robert Bosch GmbH in 1975. In 1988, he was transferred to the United States, but he returned to Germany in 1989. In 1990, Fehrenbach became Vice-CEO of the corporation. In 2003, he then became chairman of Robert Bosch GmbH, succeeding Hermann Scholl.

In 2012, Fehrenbach caused a stir by expressing his political view to expel Greece not only out of the Euro zone but also out of the European Union.

## Other activities

### Corporate boards

* Temasek Holdings, Member of the European Advisory Panel (since 2016)
* Linde, Deputy Chairman of the Supervisory Board (since 2013)
* Stihl, Member of the Supervisory Board (2012–2023)
* BASF, Member of the Supervisory Board (2008–2022)

### Non-profit organizations

## Recognition

* \- article about Greece opinions

## InfoBox

| Franz Fehrenbach | |
| --- | --- |
| Fehrenbach in 2005 | |
| Born | Franz Fehrenbach
(1949-07-01) 1 July 1949
Kenzingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany |
| Occupation(s) | Chairman, Robert Bosch GmbH |
| Children | 3 |


title: Frank Sander Residence

abstract: The Frank S. Sander House ("Springbough") is a 2,200-square-foot (200 m⁲) house located in Stamford, Connecticut. It was designed by the noted architect Frank Lloyd Wright in 1952. Springbough is composed of mahogany, burnt face brick and glass and is built into the side of a rocky ledge. The house was restored in 1996 by Anne Del Gaudio. In 2002 the house was toured by participants of the Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy meeting in New York.

text:
# Frank Sander Residence

The **Frank S. Sander House** ("Springbough") is a 2,200-square-foot (200 m2) house located in Stamford, Connecticut. It was designed by the noted architect Frank Lloyd Wright in 1952.

Springbough is composed of mahogany, burnt face brick and glass and is built into the side of a rocky ledge. The house was restored in 1996 by Anne Del Gaudio.

In 2002 the house was toured by participants of the Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy meeting in New York.

## InfoBox

| Frank S. Sander House (Springbough) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Type | House |
| Architectural style | Usonian |
| Location | Stamford, Connecticut |
| Coordinates | 41°07′12″N 73°34′53″W / 41.119949°N 73.581424°W / 41.119949; -73.581424 |
| Construction started | 1955 |
| Technical details | |
| Floor area | 2,200 sq ft |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Frank Lloyd Wright |


title: Franklyn C. Shattuck House

abstract: The Franklyn C. Shattuck House is located in Neenah, Wisconsin.

text:
# Franklyn C. Shattuck House

The **Franklyn C. Shattuck House** is located in Neenah, Wisconsin.

## History

Franklyn C. Shattuck was a co-founder of Kimberly-Clark. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 and on the State Register of Historic Places in 1989.

The Edward D. & Vina Shattuck Beals House, located in Neenah and having belonged to Shattuck's daughter, is also listed on both registers.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Franklyn C. Shattuck House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Franklyn C. Shattuck House | |
| Location | 547 E. Wisconsin Ave., Neenah, Wisconsin |
| Coordinates | 44°10′51″N 88°27′02″W / 44.18083°N 88.45056°W / 44.18083; -88.45056 (Franklyn C. Shattuck House) |
| Area | 0.7 acres (0.28 ha) |
| Built | 1890/1893/1905 |
| Architect | Ferry & Clas |
| Architectural style | Colonial Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 78000153 |
| Added to NRHP | December 4, 1978 |


title: Fred Dekker (politician)

abstract: Fred Dekker is a Dutch doctor, cardiologist and former politician on behalf of the Pim Fortuyn List. Dekker is a cardiologist and worked in Belgium and the Netherlands. He was elected to parliament as a member of the Pim Fortuyn List (LPF) at the 2002 Dutch general election, but lost his seat in 2003 and left politics after.

text:
# Fred Dekker (politician)

**Fred Dekker** (5 March 1946) is a Dutch doctor, cardiologist and former politician on behalf of the Pim Fortuyn List.

Dekker is a cardiologist and worked in Belgium and the Netherlands. He was elected to parliament as a member of the Pim Fortuyn List (LPF) at the 2002 Dutch general election, but lost his seat in 2003 and left politics after.

## InfoBox

| Fred Dekker | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the House of Representatives | |
| **In office**
2002–2003 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1946-02-05) 5 February 1946
Biervliet |
| Nationality | Dutch |
| Political party | Pim Fortuyn List |
| Alma mater | University of Amsterdam |
| Occupation | Cardiologist, politician |
|  | |


title: Freakatorium (album)

abstract: Freakatorium is the fifth album by American drummer Keith LeBlanc, released on March 9, 1999 by Blanc Records.

text:
# Freakatorium (album)

***Freakatorium*** is the fifth album by American drummer Keith LeBlanc, released on March 9, 1999 by Blanc Records.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Keith LeBlanc and Skip McDonald, except where noted

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Scream" |  | 4:24 |
| 2. | "Freaktime" |  | 5:59 |
| 3. | "When Bugs Come Out" |  | 4:35 |
| 4. | "A-levels" |  | 3:46 |
| 5. | "Here to Go" |  | 3:40 |
| 6. | "Mars Car" |  | 5:30 |
| 7. | "Big Time" |  | 3:01 |
| 8. | "New Frontier" |  | 7:09 |
| 9. | "Uncut Funk" | Keith LeBlanc, Skip McDonald, Doug Wimbish | 3:49 |
| 10. | "Noom" |  | 3:09 |
| 11. | "In Between the Cracks" | Michael Mondesir | 2:28 |
| 12. | "Play What You Want" (instrumental version) | Keith LeBlanc, Skip McDonald, Doug Wimbish | 4:23 |
| 13. | "Freak Dub" |  | 5:38 |

## Personnel

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United Kingdom | 1999 | Blanc | CD | BLC 16CD |

## InfoBox

| Freakatorium | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Keith LeBlanc | |
| Released | March 9, 1999 (1999-03-09) |
| Genre | Electro |
| Length | 57:31 |
| Label | Blanc |
| Producer | Keith LeBlanc |
| Keith LeBlanc chronology | |
| *Time Traveller*
(1992) ***Freakatorium***
(1999) *Stop the Confusion (Global Interference)*
(2005) | |


title: Fred Hepner

abstract: Fred Hepner is a former Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

text:
# Fred Hepner

**Fred Hepner** (born 14 February 1940) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

## InfoBox

| Fred Hepner | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Fred Hepner | | |
| Date of birth | (1940-02-14) 14 February 1940 | | |
| Original team(s) | Crib Point | | |
| Height | 163 cm (5 ft 4 in) | | |
| Weight | 73 kg (161 lb) | | |
| Position(s) | rover | | |
| Playing career | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1956 | Flinders | unknown |
| 1958 | Crib Point | unknown |
| 1961-62 | Frankston VFA | unknown |
| 1961-62 | South Melbourne | 3 snr (unknown res) |
| 1962-67 | East Gambier Sth Aust | unknown |
| 1967-68 | Frankston Rovers | unknown |
| 1969-70 | Sorrento | 28 (tba) |
| Career highlights | | | |
| Premiers 1956,1958,1961,1965,1969. MPFL runner up B&F 1968 and 1971 Frankston VAFA Chairman of Selectors<br> | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Fred Rice Jr.

abstract: Fred Rice Jr. was an American police officer for the Chicago Police Department who also served as superintendent of the department from August 1983 until November 1987. Rice is noted as the first permanent African-American to head the Chicago Police Department.

text:
# Fred Rice Jr.

**Fred Rice Jr.** (December 24, 1926 – January 10, 2011) was an American police officer for the Chicago Police Department who also served as superintendent of the department from August 1983 until November 1987. Rice is noted as the first permanent African-American to head the Chicago Police Department (Samuel Nolan was the first African-American to serve as superintendent in an interim capacity, doing so from late–1979 until January 1980).

## Early life

Rice was born December 24, 1926, in Chicago, Illinois to Leola Mosely and Fred Rice Sr. Rice was raised in the Bronzeville neighborhood of Chicago. Rice attended John Farren Elementary School and Edward Hartigan Elementary School before graduating from DuSable High School (now known as DuSable Leadership Academy) in 1944.

Years after high school, Rice served in the United States Army for two years in the Korean War, from 1950 to 1952. Rice received two battle stars, a combat infantry badge, and special commendation from the government of South Korea. Prior to passing Chicago Park District police examination in 1955, Rice worked for the United States Postal Service in Chicago.

## Police career

In 1955, Rice took a job as a patrol officer in the Chicago Park District police force, which was merged with the Chicago Police Department in 1959, at which time he joined the Chicago Police Department. During his time as a police officer, Rice received his undergraduate and master's degree from Roosevelt University, and also graduated from the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Federal Executive Institute. Rice rose up the ranks of the police department. Rice was promoted to the role of sergeant, and later to the role of civil service captain. By early-1983, Rice had become the department's chief of patrol.

### Superintendent of the Chicago Police Department

On August 27, 1983, Rice was appointed Superintendent of the Chicago Police Department by Harold Washington, first African-American mayor of Chicago, who had only been sworn in as mayor months earlier. The department was overwhelming White. Rice was the first African-American person to serve as permanent head of the Chicago Police Department (before him, Samuel Nolan had served a few weeks as interim superintendent in 1979 and 1980).

Washington sought to see the department reformed, including ending the de facto racial segregation within the force. Rice's efforts to implement integration within the police patrols was met with resistance from rank-and-file officers, who protested by slowing down ticket-writing. With the backing of the mayor, Rice stood up to this resistance.

Rice was named in a number of lawsuits where former ranking White officers alleged discrimination, arguing that they had been demoted because they were White and had politically opposed Harold Washington. However, Rice, was cleared in courts of any wrongdoing. Rice's tenure saw a decrease in the departments use of firearms, and a decrease in the number of disorderly conduct arrests, which had been considered a cause of tension between the police and the populations of minority neighborhoods. Rice was a founding member of the National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives. Rice retired as superintendent effective November 1, 1987, ending his 32-year career as a Chicago police officer.

## Subsequent career

After retiring from the Chicago Police Department in 1987, Rice served as an adjunct professor of criminal justice at the University of Illinois from 1990 until 2001.

## Personal life and death

Rice was married once and had two children. From 1955 until his death, Rice was married to Thelma Dean Martin. Together, they had two children, a son named Lyle and a daughter named Judith. In 2001, Rice was diagnosed with lung cancer. After an almost ten-year long battle with the cancer, Rice died January 10, 2011, at ManorCare Health Services in Palos Heights, Illinois. Rice was buried at Oak Woods Cemetery in Chicago.

## InfoBox

| Fred Rice Jr. | |
| --- | --- |
| Rice Jr., c. 1983. | |
|  | |
| 55th Superintendent of the Chicago Police Department | |
| **In office**
August 27, 1983 (August 27, 1983)  November 1, 1987 (November 1, 1987) | |
| Mayor | Harold Washington |
| Preceded by | James E. O'Grady *(interim)* |
| Succeeded by | LeRoy Martin |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | December 24, 1926
Chicago, Illinois |
| Died | January 10, 2011(2011-01-10) (aged 84)
Palos Heights, Illinois |
| Spouse | Thelma Dean Martin (m. 1955) |
| Children | 2; including Judith |
| Alma mater | Roosevelt University |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Branch/service | United States Army |
| Years of service | 1950–1952 |
| Battles/wars |  |
|  | |


title: Martje Thalmann

abstract: Martje Thalmann, born Saljé, is a German Türmerin. She was appointed to the post at St Lambert's Church, Münster in January 2014, becoming the first woman since 1383 to have held the position. "Türmer" and "Türmerin" are not officially designated job titles in Germany and it has indeed been known for tour guides to adopt the title for themselves. However, Martje Saljé is believed to be one of at least three genuine Türmer or Türmerinen in Germany who are also women. The nature of the duties has changed in recent decades: Martje Saljé's appointment to the St Lambert's post was nevertheless intended to preserve an authentic tradition. Traditionally the job involved regular ascents to the top of a high tower in order to look out and warn fellow citizens of approaching armies in time of war, and of outbreaks of house fires at any time. At times of intensified fire risk - for instance on windy days in periods of sustained hot dry weather, or in the event of possible firebomb attacks - it became necessary for a permanent watch to be kept from the top of the tower. In many middle European towns, medieval street patterns with their narrow streets endured well into or beyond the twentieth century, and where there is no readily accessible supply of building stone, the principal building material incorporated into most surviving residential and municipal buildings is timber. Many homes were heated with peat which could often nurture simmering internal hotspots for hours after the fire was believed to have finished burning, and then burst into flames after the householders had gone to bed. This translated into intensified levels of fire risk in many towns and cities. Münster's present Türmerin told an interviewer in 2015 that from her "office" at the top of the tall church tower she is still sometimes able to spot house fires and report them to the fire department, although "it does not happen so often".

text:
# Martje Thalmann

**Martje Thalmann**, born Saljé, is a German Türmerin (*loosely "Tower keeper"*). She was appointed to the post at St Lambert's Church, Münster in January 2014, becoming the first woman since 1383 to have held the position. (Earlier relevant records do not survive.) "Türmer" and "Türmerin" are not officially designated job titles in Germany and it has indeed been known for tour guides to adopt the title for themselves. However, Martje Saljé is believed to be one of at least three genuine Türmer or Türmerinen in Germany who are also women. The nature of the duties has changed in recent decades: Martje Saljé's appointment to the St Lambert's post was nevertheless intended to preserve an authentic tradition. (Guided tours are not possible here.)

Traditionally the job involved regular ascents to the top of a high tower in order to look out and warn fellow citizens (by means of a warning horn, bell, flags and/or, after dark, flashing lights) of approaching armies in time of war, and of outbreaks of house fires at any time. At times of intensified fire risk - for instance on windy days in periods of sustained hot dry weather, or in the event of possible firebomb attacks \- it became necessary for a permanent watch to be kept from the top of the tower. In many middle European towns, medieval street patterns with their narrow streets endured well into or beyond the twentieth century, and where there is no readily accessible supply of building stone, the principal building material incorporated into most surviving residential and municipal buildings is timber. Many homes were heated with peat which could often nurture simmering internal hotspots for hours after the fire was believed to have finished burning, and then burst into flames after the householders had gone to bed. This translated into intensified levels of fire risk in many towns and cities. Münster's present Türmerin told an interviewer in 2015 that from her "office" at the top of the tall church tower she is still sometimes able to spot house fires and report them to the fire department, although "it does not happen so often" (*es "kommt aber nicht allzu oft vor"*).

## Biography

### Personal

**Martje Saljé** was born in Bremen. She spent a large part of her childhood living in Norway. While she was growing up the family also lived for a time in Canada. Gunther Salje, her father worked as professor of film and theatre. She tells interviewers that even as a small child she had an appetite for performing, mastering a range of instruments including piano, guitar, Double bass, flute, renaissance lute, accordion and 'cello. While she was growing up, membership of the local church community provided ample opportunity for helping to shape the music in the church, performing in bands and, beyond the musical scene, for engaging in youth work more broadly. After leaving school she studied History and Music at the University of Oldenburg. She retains a powerful addiction to music, consciously fixing her own settings and improvisations on the "rules" identified and codified by Bach: "Music used to be how I supported myself: today it is my hobby". She has performed on international tours in France, Belgium, Italy, Britain and Poland: she has worked with rock groups, dance troupes and jazz ensembles.

After leaving university she worked in museums and archive departments and in teaching. She also continued to support herself as an itinerant musician. Her application to take over the post of Türmerin (*loosely "Tower keeper"*) was one of forty-six. Her fellow applicants included six other women. This is despite the fact that the post is a public-sector part-time position without the statutory notice period applicable to full-time positions, and involves extensive night-time and weekend working. Saljé therefore combines the post with a second, more conventional part-time position as a worker with the local Sparda-Bank: "something completely different, involving computers" (*"Etwas ganz anderes, was mit Computern"*).

Notwithstanding her robustly ebullient manner, Martje Saljé is deeply religious. Religion drives much of her commitment to her work as "Türmerin". Despite being a Protestant, she has no issues with the fact that she undertakes her responsibilities in the tower of a Catholic church, and she makes no secret of feeling "a bit closer to Heaven" (*"...dem Himmel ein Stück näher..."*) in her little office high above the city streets. There is also more than a hint of vocation in her reaction when asked how long she intends to continue with her work as Türmerin: "My predecessor carried on till his seventieth year. I might carry on for even longer if my joints hold out".

### Professional "Türmerin" duties

Saljé's daily duties begin each day (except on Tuesdays, which are silent) at 20.30, with a walk up the 300 steps to her little office 75 meters up in the church tower. The climb takes her past the base of the flag pole that emerges at the top of the tower, past the three suspended cages that were used to display the tortured corpses of anabaptist rebels after the suppression 1535 rebellion, and past the so-called "council and fire bells" (*"Rats- und Brandglocke"*) which normally, these days, are sounded only for mayoral elections. The office is nevertheless positioned 25 meters below the tip of the spire that tops off the church tower. It is a narrow room, about the size of a typical student room. It contains a desk and a desk-chair along with a separate chair and a bookcase. On one of the walls are photographs of other towers, some of which Martje Saljé has visited. There is also a photograph of Tinkabell and of Cocomau Miez de la Katz. These are the two cats with whom she shares her home '"...although really I'm a dog person").

Her first task each evening, still a little breathless from climbing up the tower, is to telephone the fire station to confirm that she is stationed for her shift in the tower. Every half hour between 21.00 and midnight she sounds the "tower horn" three times, facing in succession south, west and north. She does not sound the horn towards the east, because in that direction there used to be a large cemetery and, by tradition, it is not part of her responsibility to disturb the souls of the dead. An alternative explanation involves a rich and powerful man who used to live to the east of the tower and did not wish to be disturbed. In former times the horn was sounded regularly through the night between 22.00 and 06.00. The present instrument is made of copper and dates from 1950: it is based on a sixteenth century design. The tone resembles the blast from a ships horn, sounding a low C.

Those regular steady horn blasts traditionally reassure the citizens of Münster that they are facing neither an imminent fire in the city nor the approach of enemies from beyond the (imaginary) city walls. The number of the blasts represents the time. At 21.00 there are nine blasts, with a brief pause after each batch of three. At 22.00 there are ten blasts, with a brief pause after the first two batches of three, followed by a third batch of four blasts. ("One has to breathe whilst blowing the horn! 2 Tootings are easy, 3 ooookay, 4 dang! any longer and the Tuermerin might feel somewhat giddy".) The same pattern is followed till Midnight (twelve blasts in four batches of three) after which, in modern times, the citizens can spend the rest of the night undisturbed by Martje Saljé's "tower horn". Interviewed in May 2015, after just fifteen months in the job, Martje Saljé was able to report that she had already spotted several fire outbreaks while on watch. Under these circumstances her first duty is to telephone the fire station to alert them to as many details as she can determine from her vantage point. After that she takes up her "tower horn". Instead of the steady long blasts she uses to communicate the time, she communicates the emergency with an urgent succession of staccato notes.

There is nevertheless very much more to Martje Saljé's approach to her job as "Türmerin" than enjoying the view out of her office window and blowing her horn at half hourly intervals during the latter part of the evening. She sees herself as a principal point of contact between the city of Münster and people all over the world: "Through my own blog \[from my office in the tower\] to the outside world I publicise the city's traditions ... I enter into real-time dialogue with other people and win for Münster and for St Lambert's the interest of a completely new target group". But she stresses that her employment is not with the church, but with the city. She also operates a Facebook page from the tower. In terms of gaining the attention of target groups, she is not unaware of the extra attention she gains by being both the first woman and the first inveterate blogger in more than six centuries to have served as Türmerin.

She also sees herself as an advocate and representative for the tower, taking part in media interviews and presentations, and performing in charity events on behalf of the church or the city. She has opinions on many topics and is happy to share most of them. Discussions recently arose as to whether it was entirely seemly that the church tower should be used to exhibit to passers-by the three cages that were used to display the tortured corpses of anabaptist rebels in the sixteenth century. The history graduate had views to express: "They are part of the city's history, and it would be disingenuous to remove them. You cannot explain everything through the prism of twenty-first century norms. They must stay there to generate discussions and support opinions. Münster can handle that!". She also turns her hand to researching aspects of city history and joining in with website maintenance and development. Even for Saljé, however, there are topics on which she keeps her own counsel. In 2015 she rejected an interviewer's attempt to extract from her an opinion on the current (in 2019) chancellor: "As Türmerin of the city of Münster, thanks to the neutrality requirement I am not permitted to talk about politics. But I pay very close attention to what goes on in the world, in Europe and in Germany".

1. Tobias Romberg (15 May 2015). "Über dem Ende der Fahnenstange". *Martje Saljé wacht über Münster. Als Türmerin der Lambertikirche*. taz Verlags u. Vertriebs GmbH, Berlin. p. 21. Retrieved 17 November 2019.
2. "300 Stufen zum Glück". *Die Türmerin von Münster*. Tourismus NRW e.V., Düsseldorf. 15 February 2017. Retrieved 17 November 2019.
3. Henning Stoffers. "Teatime bei der Türmerin". *Münster in alten Bilden und Dokumenten*. Retrieved 17 November 2019.
4. Gerd Felder (17 November 2017). "Dem Himmel deutlich näher". *Zeugen des Alltags: Türmerin Martje Saljé hat eine enge Beziehung zu Münsters Stadt- und Marktkirche St. Lamberti*. Die Tagespost -Katholische Zeitung für Politik, Gesellschaft und Kultur, Würzburg. Retrieved 17 November 2019.
5. Markus Naser (author-compiler). "Rothenburg, Reichsstadt". *Historische Lexikon Bayerns*. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, München. Retrieved 17 November 2019. `{{cite web}}`: `|author=` has generic name (help)
6. Heinrich Krenn. "Die "Feuerwache" am Turm zu St. Stephan". *The example of Vienna*. Wiener Feuerwehrmuseum. Archived from the original on 17 May 2012. Retrieved 17 November 2019.
7. Ralf Emmerich (November 2017). "Münster". *Münster er på mange måter et lite under av en historisk by. Under den andre verdenskrigen ble Münster bombet så og si sønder og sammen – 90 % av den gamle byen ble lagt i ruiner. En viktig strategisk beslutning ble fattet før gjenoppbyggingen – Münsters historiske senter skulle gjenskapes. Resultatet er forbløffende: Münster er i dag en åpen, vakker og livlig universitetsby med et unikt, levende og tiltalende historisk senter*. ReisDit. Retrieved 17 November 2019.
8. Andreas Öhler. "Näher, mein Gott, zu dir!". *Spitzenposten in Münster: Die Türmerin Martje Saljé*. Die Zeit (online). Retrieved 17 November 2019.
9. "RUB trauert um Prof. Dr. Gunther Salje". *Die Ruhr-Universität Bochum trauert um den Filmwissenschaftler und Filmemacher Prof. Dr. Gunther Salje, der am 2. November 1998 verstorben ist*. 4 November 1998. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
10. Johannes Schönwälder (23 August 2015). "Die Stadt ist gut bewacht". *Martje Salje ist die erste Türmerin von Münster ... In Münster lebt eine uralte Tradition fort und wird fortgeschrieben. Martje Salje ist seit 1383 die erste Frau im Türmeramt auf Sankt Lamberti. Sie ist 34 Jahre alt und weiß, wie lange sie das machen will: bis zur Rente*. Bildungswerk der Erzdiözese Köln e.V. (Domradio). Retrieved 18 November 2019.
11. Martje Saljé, Städtische Türmerin der Stadt Münster (25 April 2014). "Türmerin von Münster". *...direkt vom turm gebloggt*. Münster Marketing. Retrieved 18 November 2019.

## InfoBox

| Martje Thalmann | |
| --- | --- |
| **Martje Saljé**  *Günter "Watzmann", 2015* | |
| Born | (1980-10-17)17 October 1980
Bremen Germany |
| Alma mater | Oldenburg |
| Occupation(s) | Türmerin (*loosely "Tower keeper"*)
Musician
Teacher
Archivist-curator |
| Spouse | none |
| Children | none |
| Parent | Prof. Dr. Gunther Salje (1950 - 1998) |


title: Occult Compensation

abstract: Occult Compensation is, in the Catholic tradition, the extra-legal taking of goods from a person who has refused to meet the demands of justice, for a value equivalent to the loss or damage inflicted.

text:
# Occult Compensation

**Occult Compensation** is, in the Catholic tradition, the extra-legal taking of goods from a person who has refused to meet the demands of justice, for a value equivalent to the loss or damage inflicted.

## Background

Occult compensation is a demand in commutative justice and deducible from the principle of self-defense. It is open to all manner of abuses, but the utter denial of it gives the weak no redress against the oppression of the strong.

Catholics believe that occult compensation is justifiable only when

1. The right of the creditor is certain
2. No recourse to the law is possible or feasible

If the debtor or his heirs later make redress, restitution is necessary. Reasonable efforts must be made to prevent scandal.


title: Optic tract

abstract: In neuroanatomy, the optic tract is a part of the visual system in the brain. It is a continuation of the optic nerve that relays information from the optic chiasm to the ipsilateral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), pretectal nuclei, and superior colliculus. It is composed of two individual tracts, the left optic tract and the right optic tract, each of which conveys visual information exclusive to its respective contralateral half of the visual field. Each of these tracts is derived from a combination of temporal and nasal retinal fibers from each eye that corresponds to one half of the visual field. In more specific terms, the optic tract contains fibers from the ipsilateral temporal hemiretina and contralateral nasal hemiretina.

text:
# Optic tract

In neuroanatomy, the **optic tract** (from Latin  *tractus opticus*) is a part of the visual system in the brain. It is a continuation of the optic nerve that relays information from the optic chiasm to the ipsilateral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), pretectal nuclei, and superior colliculus.

It is composed of two individual tracts, the left optic tract and the right optic tract, each of which conveys visual information exclusive to its respective contralateral half of the visual field. Each of these tracts is derived from a combination of temporal and nasal retinal fibers from each eye that corresponds to one half of the visual field. In more specific terms, the optic tract contains fibers from the ipsilateral temporal hemiretina and contralateral nasal hemiretina.

## Anatomy

### Arterial supply

The optic tract receives arterial supply from the anterior choroidal artery, and posterior communicating artery.

## Function

### Visual function

The optic tract carries retinal information relating to the whole visual field. Specifically, the left optic tract corresponds to the right visual field, while the right optic tract corresponds to the left visual field. To form the right visual field, temporal retinal fibers from the left eye and nasal retinal fibers from the right eye form the left optic tract, and to form the left visual field, temporal retinal fibers from the right eye and nasal retinal fibers from the left eye form the right optic tract.

| Optic Tract | Visual Field | Temporal Retinal Fibers | Nasal Retinal Fibers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Left | Right | Left | Right |
| Right | Left | Right | Left |

### Autonomic function

Several autonomic ocular motor responses are consensual. The optic tract is primarily responsible for relaying visual information to the LGN, but it is also peripherally responsible for transducing these bilateral autonomic reflexes, including the pupillary light reflex and pupillary dark reflex.

#### Pupillary light reflex

The pupillary light reflex is an autonomic reflex that controls pupil diameter to accommodate for increases in illumination as perceived by the retina. Higher light intensity causes pupil constriction, and the increase of light stimulation of one eye will cause pupillary constriction of both eyes. The neural circuitry of the pupillary light reflex includes the optic tract which joins the optic nerve to the brachium of the superior colliculus.

#### Pupillary dark reflex

Similarly to the pupillary light reflex, the pupillary dark reflex is an autonomic reflex that controls pupil diameter to accommodate for decreases in illumination as perceived by the retina. Lower light intensity causes pupil dilation, and the decrease of light stimulation of one eye will cause pupillary dilation of both eyes. Similarly, the neural circuitry of the pupillary dark reflex includes the optic tract which joins the optic nerve to the hypothalamus.

## Damage and pathologies

### Lesions

Lesions in the optic tract correspond to visual field loss on the left or right half of the vertical midline, also known as homonymous hemianopsia. A lesion in the left optic tract will cause right-sided homonymous hemianopsia, while a lesion in the right optic tract will cause left-sided homonymous hemianopsia. Stroke, congenital defects, tumors, infection, and surgery are all possible causes of optic tract damage. Peripheral prism expanders and vision restitution therapy may be employed in patients with visual field loss resultant of permanent optic tract damage.

### Split-brain

In certain split-brain patients who have undergone a corpus callosotomy to treat severe epilepsy, the information from one optic tract does not get transmitted to both hemispheres. For instance, a split-brain patient shown an image in the left visual field will be unable to vocally name what has been seen as the speech-control center is in the left hemisphere of the brain.

### Pupillary reflexes

Pupillary reflexes, particularly the pupillary light reflex, are a powerful diagnostic tool often employed in clinical and emergency medical practice. A lack of equal consensual pupillary constriction to a light stimulus, especially a Marcus Gunn pupil, can be indicative of optic nerve damage, brainstem death, or optic tract damage in between.

## Additional images

## InfoBox

| Optic tract | |
| --- | --- |
| The left optic nerve and the optic tracts. | |
| Details | |
| Part of | Visual system |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | *tractus opticus* |
| MeSH | D065866 |
| NeuroNames | 460 |
| NeuroLex ID | birnlex\_1684 |
| TA98 | A14.1.08.404 |
| TA2 | 5669 |
| FMA | 62046 |
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy | |