title: Mouse Island (Ohio)

abstract: Mouse Island is a seven acre private island located in Lake Erie off the northern tip of Catawba Point in Ottawa County, Ohio, United States, near the city of Sandusky. It was formerly named "Ship Island", as denoted on early-19th-Century maps. It was later named Mouse Island for its small size. It is part of Catawba Island Township. The island was once owned by the American president Rutherford B. Hayes. The Hayes family built two small cabins, a hand ferry to the shore, a tennis court and supplied the island with running water. In the 1930s the island fell into disuse and all amenities were destroyed by fire or neglect. The Hayes family owned the property until 1966 as none of the former president's grandchildren remained in the area. Remains of the structures can still be found on the island today – including the native stone chimneys of the summer cabins as well as part of the foundation. The Island is privately owned and is not open for public visitation. A limestone reef between the island and shoreline presents a safety hazard for watercraft that draw more than 3 feet.

text:
# Mouse Island (Ohio)

**Mouse Island** is a seven acre private island located in Lake Erie off the northern tip of Catawba Point in Ottawa County, Ohio, United States, near the city of Sandusky (41°35′28″N 82°49′59″W / 41.59111°N 82.83306°W / 41.59111; -82.83306). It was formerly named "Ship Island", as denoted on early-19th-Century maps (and in some late-18th-Century documents). It was later named Mouse Island for its small size. It is part of Catawba Island Township.

The island was once owned by the American president Rutherford B. Hayes. The Hayes family built two small cabins, a hand ferry to the shore, a tennis court and supplied the island with running water. In the 1930s the island fell into disuse and all amenities were destroyed by fire or neglect. The Hayes family owned the property until 1966 as none of the former president's grandchildren remained in the area. Remains of the structures can still be found on the island today – including the native stone chimneys of the summer cabins as well as part of the foundation.

The Island is privately owned and is not open for public visitation. A limestone reef between the island and shoreline presents a safety hazard for watercraft that draw more than 3 feet.

## InfoBox

| Mouse Island | |
| --- | --- |
| Private Island | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Coordinates: 41°35′28.8″N 82°49′57.8″W / 41.591333°N 82.832722°W / 41.591333; -82.832722 | |
| Area | |
| Total | 3 ha (7 acres) |


title: Velasquez Airport

abstract: Velasquez Airport is an airport serving the Magdalena River town of Puerto Boyacá in the Boyacá Department of Colombia. The runway is in the country 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) east of Puerto Boyacá.

text:
# Velasquez Airport

**Velasquez Airport** (IATA: **PYA**, ICAO: **SKVL**) is an airport serving the Magdalena River town of Puerto Boyacá in the Boyacá Department of Colombia. The runway is in the country 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) east of Puerto Boyacá.

## InfoBox

| Velasquez Airport<br>*Aeropuerto de Velasquez* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public/Military |
| Serves | Puerto Boyacá, Colombia |
| Elevation AMSL | 566 ft / 173 m |
| Coordinates | 5°56′20″N 074°27′25″W / 5.93889°N 74.45694°W / 5.93889; -74.45694 |
| Map | |
| **SKVL**Location of the airport in Colombia | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  m ft  15/33 1,680 5,512 Asphalt | |
| Sources: GCM Google Maps | |


title: Valley of the Gods (film)

abstract: Valley of the Gods is a 2019 English-language Polish-Luxembourger drama film written and directed by Lech Majewski and starring Josh Hartnett and John Malkovich.

text:
# Valley of the Gods (film)

***Valley of the Gods*** is a 2019 English-language Polish-Luxembourger drama film written and directed by Lech Majewski and starring Josh Hartnett and John Malkovich.

## Plot

John Ecas (Josh Hartnett) arrives at the Valley of the Gods, in SE Utah near Monument Valley, where the spirits of Navajo deities dwell within enormous stones. He is a copywriter whose life collapsed when his wife (Jaime Ray Newman) left him. As a cure, his therapist (John Rhys-Davies) suggested he do crazy things. Having done so, he decided to write The Great American Novel. The film visualizes what he writes.

Enter Wes Tauros (John Malkovich), the world's richest man, gone mute after a tragedy. He wants to mine the Valley of the Gods for uranium. The Navajos split between those who want the money and those upset at the desecration of holy ground. Ecas turns up at Tauros' estate in order to write his biography but, once there, he finds peculiar things.

There are intertwining threads centered on Tauros, Ecas, the Navajos, and The Old Gods. The storyline brims with admiration for the Navajos, and utter disdain for both the vulgar avarice of Tauros and the all-consuming consumerism of society at large.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Valley of the Gods | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Lech Majewski |
| Written by | Lech Majewski |
| Produced by | Lech Majewski
Filip Jan Rymsza |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Lech Majewski
Pawel Tybora |
| Edited by | Eliot Ems
Norbert Rudzik |
| Music by | Jan A. P. Kaczmarek |
| Release date | * 17 September 2019 (2019-09-17) (Gdynia) |
| Running time | 131 minutes |
| Countries | Poland
Luxembourg |
| Language | English |


title: May Belfort

abstract: May Belfort was an Irish singer, actress and comedian who was famous across Europe and America.

text:
# May Belfort

**May Belfort** (née **Egan**; c.1872 – 1929) was an Irish singer, actress and comedian who was famous across Europe and America.

## Biography

Born in Ireland in about 1872, she was a comedian and singer on the London music halls and then in Paris where she performed her trademark nonsensical songs at the café *des Décadents* and the *Petit Casino*. She commissioned the famous 1895 Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec poster showing her wearing the red dress with her ever present black cat. She became a favourite of the artist who painted her more than once. She performed in Russia, South Africa and the United States during her career. Belfort was friends with Jane Avril. May Milton was her lover, as was Boer General Ben Viljoen. In fact Belfort expected to marry Viljoen. When it turned out he was already married and unwilling to continue the relationship with her, she traveled to Chicago and horsewhipped him in the street. Even after he achieved a divorce, he married another woman. Belfort retired from the stage due to ill health. Due to bad investments in mining, Belfort lost her money and ended working as a rug weaver and living in poverty. She died after a lingering illness in the United States in 1929.

## References and sources

## InfoBox

| May Belfort | |
| --- | --- |
| In *The Sketch*, 7 September 1898 | |
| Born | May Egan
c. 1872
Ireland |
| Died | 1929
United States |
| Nationality | Irish |
| Occupation(s) | Cabaret singer, actress, comedian |


title: Lizarba

abstract: Lizarba is a monotypic genus of South American dwarf sheet spiders containing the single species, Lizarba separata. It was first described by V. D. Roth in 1967, and has only been found in Brazil.

text:
# Lizarba

***Lizarba*** is a monotypic genus of South American dwarf sheet spiders containing the single species, ***Lizarba separata***. It was first described by V. D. Roth in 1967, and has only been found in Brazil.

## InfoBox

| *Lizarba* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Hahniidae |
| Genus: | *Lizarba*
Roth, 1967 |
| Species: | ***L. separata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lizarba separata***
Roth, 1967 | |
|


title: Pierre-Marie Deloof

abstract: Pierre-Marie Deloof is a Belgian rower.

text:
# Pierre-Marie Deloof

**Pierre-Marie Deloof** (born 29 September 1964, in Bruges) is a Belgian rower.

* Pierre-Marie Deloof at World Rowing
* Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Pierre-Marie Deloof". *Olympics at Sports-Reference.com*. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020.

## InfoBox

Pierre-Marie Deloof
| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Men's rowing | | |
| Representing  Belgium | | |
| Olympic Games | | |
|  | 1984 Los Angeles | Double sculls |


title: Marina Wolf

abstract: Marina Elizabeth Wolf is an American neuroscientist and Professor of Behavioral Neuroscience at Oregon Health & Science University. Previously she served as Professor and Chair of the Department of Neuroscience in the Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science. She has been a pioneer in studying the role of neuronal plasticity in drug addiction. Her laboratory is particularly interested in understanding why individuals recovering from substance use disorder remain vulnerable to drug craving and relapse even after long periods of abstinence.

text:
# Marina Wolf

**Marina Elizabeth Wolf** is an American neuroscientist and Professor of Behavioral Neuroscience at Oregon Health & Science University. Previously she served as Professor and Chair of the Department of Neuroscience in the Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science. She has been a pioneer in studying the role of neuronal plasticity in drug addiction. Her laboratory is particularly interested in understanding why individuals recovering from substance use disorder remain vulnerable to drug craving and relapse even after long periods of abstinence.

## Education and career

Wolf was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. She received her B.A. in biochemistry (with highest distinction) from Northwestern University. Here she received her introduction to neuroscience research working in the laboratory of Dr. Aryeh Routtenberg and later in the laboratory of Dr. David U'Prichard. Wolf earned her doctoral degree in Pharmacology in 1986 at Yale University under the mentorship of Dr. Robert Henry Roth. She was a postdoctoral fellow in the laboratory of Dr. Gregory Kapatos at the Center for Cell Biology at Sinai Hospital of Detroit, now Sinai-Grace Hospital, affiliated with Wayne State University. She was Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at Wayne State University before moving to the Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science in 1992 where she rose through the ranks, serving as Chair of Neuroscience from 2003 to 2018. She moved to OHSU in 2018.

## Research

As a Ph.D. student, postdoctoral fellow, and in the early years of her laboratory at Wayne State University, Dr. Wolf's work focused on fundamental properties of dopamine neurons and their relationship to antipsychotic drug action. At Wayne State, many of her colleagues studied the neurobiological basis of drug addiction. She therefore learned about prominent theories of addiction, all of which focused on events intrinsic to dopamine neurons. Excited by the groundbreaking work on glutamate receptors and LTP that was coming out at the time, she hypothesized in the late 1980s that the cascade leading to addiction might depend upon glutamate and synaptic plasticity. Her laboratory went on to use behavioral, biochemical, cell biological and electrophysiological approaches to demonstrate that glutamate synapses in the reward circuitry, especially the nucleus accumbens, undergo complex plasticity after exposure to drugs of abuse and that this plasticity in some cases plays a causal role in behavioral changes that model drug addiction. Her lab continues to characterize synaptic plasticity during abstinence from stimulants and opioids, and to test strategies to harness the understanding of drug-induced synaptic plasticity to develop therapeutic approaches to aid in recovery from substance use disorder.

## Awards and honors

Dr. Wolf's laboratory has been continuously supported by NIDA since 1992. She has previously been the recipient of a Merit Award from NIDA (R37) as well as a Senior Scientist Research and Mentorship Award (K05). She has served as a member of the NIDA Advisory Council, the NIH Council of Councils, and the NIDA Board of Scientific Counselors, the Council of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ACNP), the Scientific Council of the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation, and the American Brain Coalition. She has been a member of many NIH study sections, and was Chair of MNPS from 2015 to 2017. She served as President of the ACNP in 2019. Dr. Wolf was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2017.

## Select publications

Wolf ME (1998) The role of excitatory amino acids in behavioral sensitization to psychomotor stimulants. Progress in Neurobiology 54:679-720. PMID 9560846

Wolf ME (2010) The Bermuda triangle of cocaine-induced neuroadaptations. TINS 33:391-398. PMC2935206

Wolf ME, Tseng KY (2012) Calcium-permeable AMPA receptors in the VTA and nucleus accumbens after cocaine exposure: when, how and why? Front Molecular Neurosci 5:72. PMC3384237

Wolf ME (2016) Synaptic mechanisms underlying persistent cocaine craving. Nat Rev Neurosci 17:351-365. PMC5466704

## InfoBox

| Marina Wolf | |
| --- | --- |
| Alma mater | Yale University |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Institutions | Oregon Health & Science University <br>Sinai-Grace Hospital |
| Thesis | *Regulation of Dopamine Synthesis and Release in Striatal and Prefrontal Cortical Brain Slices* (1986) |
|  | |


title: MediaGoblin

abstract: GNU MediaGoblin is a free, decentralized Web platform for hosting and sharing many forms of digital media. It strives to provide an extensible, federated, and freedom-respectful software alternative to major media publishing services such as Flickr, DeviantArt, and YouTube.

text:
# MediaGoblin

**GNU MediaGoblin** (also shortened to **MediaGoblin** or **GMG**) is a free, decentralized Web platform (server software) for hosting and sharing many forms of digital media. It strives to provide an extensible, federated, and freedom-respectful software alternative to major media publishing services such as Flickr, DeviantArt, and YouTube.

## History

The origins of GNU MediaGoblin date back to 2008, when a gathering was held at the Free Software Foundation in order to discuss the path that Internet communities should take. The answer was that restrictive and centralized structures were both technically and ethically doubtful, and may harm the typical fairness and availability of the Internet. Several projects have since appeared to prevent this, including Identi.ca, Libre.fm, Diaspora, among others.

The MediaGoblin project remains in active development.

MediaGoblin development history
| Release Version | Date | Notable features or events |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 0.12.1 | 2023-04-11 | Python dependency fixes |
| 0.12.0 | 2021-09-18 | Bugfix in media processing |
| 0.11.0 | 2021-03-10 | Transition to Python 3 |
| 0.10.0 | 2020-05-01 | New plugin for displaying video subtitles and support for transcoding and displaying video in multiple resolutions |
| 0.9.0 | 2016-03-26 | * Python 3 support (now supports Python 2.7, Python 3.4 or later) * OAuth security improvements * Internal improvements for federation (improved database layout and particularly in permitting generic relations, comments, etc.) * Improved collection handling * Bugfixes |
| 0.8.0 | 2015-06-04 | Improved client to server API |
| 0.7.0 | 2014-08-26 | * Implemented base Pump.io API * Incorporated skeleton for a more responsive layout * Sandy Seventies Speedboat theme * Command-line batch uploading * Experimental 'blog' media type and a metadata plugin |
| 0.6.0 | 2013-12-03 | * Web-based administration for user permissions * Media complaint handling * Non-interactive uploads * LDAP authentication * User-specific Disk quota |
| 0.5.0 | 2013-09-05 | * Pluggable authentication system (including OpenID and Mozilla Persona) * Pluggable media handling * Comment notifications |
| 0.4.0 | 2013-06-17 |  |
| 0.3.3 | 2013-03-12 | Interface and API enhancements; avoiding unneeded processing of some videos |
| 0.3.2 | 2012-12-20 | Support for 3D models, collections, and API |
|  | 2012-10 to 2012-11-09 | A crowdfunding campaign was launched via the Free Software Foundation |
| 0.3.1 | 2012-08-24 | Theming support |
|  | 2011–03 | Software development begins |

## Design and features

MediaGoblin is part of GNU, and its code is released under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License; meaning that it adheres to the principles of free and open-source software. The licensing of other elements (e.g. design, logo) is under the public domain. Christine Lemmer-Webber, the core developer, came up with the name "MediaGoblin" which also makes a pun with the pronunciation of "gobbling".

The main page displays an upper banner with MediaGoblin's typeface and an authentication section for users. The remaining space is left to show thumbnails of the latest posted works. Each user owns a personal profile comprised by two vertical sections  one for uploads arranged as a gallery and another with a customizable text box. For displaying media, the platform focuses on the work itself rather than overstocking with options and buttons; nonetheless, comments can be added under the artwork description. Some other features like tags, metadata, theming, Creative Commons licensing and GPS support can be enabled as separate plug-ins to enrich the usage of GNU MediaGoblin.

The platform successfully hosts and displays many sorts of media:

* As of version 0.3.1 it includes support for plain text (ASCII art), images (PNG and JPEG).
* HTML5 capabilities are widely used to play video and/or audio contained in WebM format; while FLAC, WAV and MP3 uploads are automatically transcoded to Vorbis audio and then encapsulated into WebM.
* 3D models support (preview and renderization) was added on 22 October 2012 and is achieved by means of HTML5 Canvas, Thingiview, WebGL and Blender.

## Mascot

The project mascot is a purple goblin called **Gavroche** wearing clothing that resembles a stereotypical artist costume.

## InfoBox

|
|  |
|
| Developer(s) | GNU Project |
| Initial release | 2 June 2011 (2011-06-02) |
|  | |
| Stable release | 0.14.0  / 29 August 2024 (29 August 2024) |
|  | |
| Repository |  |
| Written in | Python, SQL |
| Platform | Linux, macOS, Microsoft Windows |
| Available in | English, Spanish, German, Dutch, Esperanto, Polish, Russian, Chinese, Slovak, Romanian |
| Type | Web server, media hosting and sharing |
| License | AGPLv3, CC0 for site design |
| Website | mediagoblin.org |


title: Mr. Miao

abstract: "Mr. Miao", also translated as "The Tiger Guest" and "Student Miao", is a short story by Pu Songling first published in Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio (1740). It revolves around a few Chinese scholars and their encounter with a tiger spirit named Miao.

text:
# Mr. Miao

"**Mr. Miao**" (Chinese: 苗生; pinyin: *Miáo shēng*), also translated as "**The Tiger Guest**" and "**Student Miao**", is a short story by Pu Songling first published in *Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio* (1740). It revolves around a few Chinese scholars and their encounter with a tiger spirit named Miao.

## Plot

*En route* to Xi'an for an examination, Minzhou (岷州) scholar Gong (龚) stops for a drink at an inn, where he is approached by a burly but well-mannered stranger who introduces himself as "Miao" (苗). Gong buys him a drink, but this does not satisfy Miao; Miao heads to the marketplace and returns with a considerably large jar of wine. Gong is coerced into drinking a few more cups of liquor, whereas Miao drinks from a bowl. Miao admits to Gong that he is not adept at entertaining guests, and tells him that he may leave if he pleases. Shortly after bidding Miao farewell, however, Gong's horse collapses; Miao, who happens to be in the vicinity, comes to Gong's aid, and single-handedly carries the horse to a nearby lodge. Amazed and thankful, Gong invites Miao to another round of drinks.

Following their examinations, Gong and a group of friends are picnicking at Flowery Hill (华山), only to be joined by Mr. Miao, who is warmly received by Gong's friends. Amidst the food and wine, a game of "capping verses" (completing the couplet) is proposed; Miao suggests that the stakes be death, but this is taken to be a joke by Gong and his friends. The game proceeds, but the quality of verses recited by Gong's friends is deemed so egregious by Miao that he agitatedly roars and jumps about. Simultaneously, Gong's friends have begun to act rowdily under the influence of alcohol. After a failed attempt to quieten them, an incensed Miao transforms into a tiger and kills all of the men present, save Gong and a fellow scholar Mr. Jin (靳).

Three years after the harrowing experience, Mr. Jin, having recently obtained his master's degree, returns to Flowery Hill. To his shock and horror, he is stopped by Ji (釉), one of Gong's friends and Miao's victims. Ji reveals that he has been condemned to enslavement under Miao for eternity, unless he can find another soul to replace his. Ji pleads with Jin to help him find a scholar for Miao to eat in three days' time. Miao has laid out the conditions that the victim must be at the Dark Dragon Ridge (苍龙岭) dressed in scholar attire. Jin has no actual intention of helping Ji but recounts the tale to a friend, Jiang (蒋). Jiang, who has a vendetta against another scholar named Yu (尤), plots to make Yu the next victim of Miao's because Yu had performed as well as he did during the examination.

Despite the strange caveat that only Yu is to come dressed, Yu accepts Jiang's invitation to a reception at Flowery Hill. However, a government official and family friend of Jiang's coincidentally is at the hill too, and upon learning of Jiang's presence, calls upon him. Embarrassed to greet him in a state of déshabillé, Jiang borrows Yu's clothes and is promptly devoured by Miao in tiger form.

## Literary significance

Allan Barr observes that "Pu Songling was keenly conscious that vivid effects could be achieved by the use of dialogue" and "he frequently relied on colloquial speech to lend immediacy to a scene" as is evidenced by Mr. Miao's rebuke of Gong's friends at the picnic.

In his essay "How to Make a Story Beautiful: On Aesthetic Dialectics of *Liao zhai zhi yi*", Li Hong-xiang lists *Mr. Miao* as an example of how "(i)n order to highlight the aesthetic effect, Pu Songling tended to describe the sudden changes of beautiful things in his story." Mr. Miao's metamorphosis into a tiger is a reflection of his apathy towards Gong and friends' "boring talking and mutual admiration".

Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges especially enjoyed *Mr. Miao*, amongst fifteen other *Liaozhai* entries, and wrote a prologue for it to appear in his *Library of Babel* (1979), a collection of writings on his favourite stories.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| "Mr. Miao" | |
| --- | --- |
| Short story by Pu Songling | |
| 19th-century illustration from *Xiangzhu liaozhai zhiyi tuyong* (*Liaozhai Zhiyi* with commentary and illustrations; 1886) | |
| Original title | *苗生 (Miaosheng)* |
| Translator | Herbert Giles (1880) |
| Country | China |
| Language | Chinese |
| Genre(s) |  |
| Publication | |
| Published in | *Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio* |
| Media type | Print (Book) |
| Publication date | 1740 |
| Chronology | |
|
Divining with the Immortals (乩仙)
Du Xiaolei (杜小雷) | |


title: Vera Storozheva

abstract: Vera Storozheva is a Russian actress and film director. She has directed nine films since 2002. Her 2007 film Travelling with Pets won the Golden George at the 29th Moscow International Film Festival.

text:
# Vera Storozheva

**Vera Storozheva** (born 7 September 1958) is a Russian actress and film director. She has directed nine films since 2002. Her 2007 film *Travelling with Pets* won the Golden George at the 29th Moscow International Film Festival.

## Selected filmography

### As actress

### As director

## InfoBox

| Vera Storozheva | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1958-09-07) 7 September 1958
Troitsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast, USSR (now Russia) |
| Occupation(s) | Actress
Film director |
| Years active | 1990-present |


abstract: This is a list of the members of the Australian House of Representatives in the Sixth Australian Parliament, which was elected at the 1914 election on 5 September 1914. There was a significant change in the party system during the Sixth Parliament. There was a split in the Australian Labor Party on 14 November 1916, when the then Prime Minister Billy Hughes walked out of a meeting of the Labor caucus over the issue of conscription along with twenty-four of his supporters, who were all then expelled from the party. Hughes and his followers became the informal "National Labor Party", which formed a minority government until merging with the Commonwealth Liberal Party on 17 February 1917 to form the Nationalist Party of Australia.

text:
# Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 1914–1917

This is a list of the members of the Australian House of Representatives in the **Sixth Australian Parliament**, which was elected at the 1914 election on 5 September 1914.

There was a significant change in the party system during the Sixth Parliament. There was a split in the Australian Labor Party on 14 November 1916, when the then Prime Minister Billy Hughes walked out of a meeting of the Labor caucus over the issue of conscription along with twenty-four of his supporters, who were all then expelled from the party. Hughes and his followers became the informal "National Labor Party", which formed a minority government until merging with the Commonwealth Liberal Party on 17 February 1917 to form the Nationalist Party of Australia.

| Member | Party | | Electorate | State | In office |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Percy Abbott |  | Liberal / Nationalist | New England | NSW | 1913–1919 |
| Frank Anstey |  | Labor | Bourke | Vic | 1910–1934 |
| William Archibald |  | Labor / National Labor / Nationalist | Hindmarsh | SA | 1910–1919 |
| John Arthur |  | Labor | Bendigo | Vic | 1913–1914 |
| Llewellyn Atkinson |  | Liberal / Nationalist | Wilmot | Tas | 1906–1929 |
| Fred Bamford |  | Labor / National Labor / Nationalist | Herbert | Qld | 1901–1925 |
| Sir Robert Best |  | Liberal / Nationalist | Kooyong | Vic | 1910–1922 |
| James Boyd |  | Liberal / Nationalist | Henty | Vic | 1913–1919 |
| Frank Brennan |  | Labor | Batman | Vic | 1911–1931, 1934–1949 |
| Reginald Burchell |  | Labor / National Labor / Nationalist | Fremantle | WA | 1913–1922 |
| George Burns |  | Labor | Illawarra | NSW | 1913–1917 |
| Ernest Carr |  | Labor / National Labor / Nationalist | Macquarie | NSW | 1906–1917 |
| James Catts |  | Labor | Cook | NSW | 1906–1922 |
| John Chanter |  | Labor / National Labor / Nationalist | Riverina | NSW | 1901–1903, 1904–1913, 1914–1922 |
| Austin Chapman |  | Liberal / Nationalist | Eden-Monaro | NSW | 1901–1926 |
| Matthew Charlton |  | Labor | Hunter | NSW | 1910–1928 |
| Joseph Cook |  | Liberal / Nationalist | Parramatta | NSW | 1901–1921 |
| Edward Corser |  | Liberal / Nationalist | Wide Bay | Qld | 1915–1928 |
| George Dankel |  | Labor / National Labor / Nationalist | Boothby | SA | 1913–1917 |
| James Fenton |  | Labor | Maribyrnong | Vic | 1910–1934 |
| William Finlayson |  | Labor | Brisbane | Qld | 1910–1919 |
| Andrew Fisher |  | Labor | Wide Bay | Qld | 1901–1915 |
| William Fleming |  | Liberal / Nationalist | Robertson | NSW | 1913–1922 |
| Sir John Forrest |  | Liberal / Nationalist | Swan | WA | 1901–1918 |
| Richard Foster |  | Liberal / Nationalist | Wakefield | SA | 1909–1928 |
| James Fowler |  | Liberal / Nationalist | Perth | WA | 1901–1922 |
| Paddy Glynn |  | Liberal / Nationalist | Angas | SA | 1901–1919 |
| Henry Gregory |  | Liberal / Nationalist | Dampier | WA | 1913–1940 |
| Littleton Groom |  | Liberal / Nationalist | Darling Downs | Qld | 1901–1929, 1931–1936 |
| Alfred Hampson |  | Labor | Bendigo | Vic | 1915–1917 |
| Joseph Hannan |  | Labor | Fawkner | Vic | 1913–1917 |
| William Higgs |  | Labor | Capricornia | Qld | 1910–1922 |
| Robert Howe |  | Labor | Dalley | NSW | 1910–1915 |
| Billy Hughes |  | Labor / National Labor / Nationalist | West Sydney | NSW | 1901–1952 |
| Sir William Irvine |  | Liberal / Nationalist | Flinders | Vic | 1906–1918 |
| Jens Jensen |  | Labor / National Labor / Nationalist | Bass | Tas | 1910–1919 |
| Elliot Johnson |  | Liberal / Nationalist | Lang | NSW | 1903–1928 |
| Edward Jolley |  | Labor | Grampians | Vic | 1914–1915 |
| Willie Kelly |  | Liberal / Nationalist | Wentworth | NSW | 1903–1919 |
| John Livingston |  | Liberal / Nationalist | Barker | SA | 1906–1922 |
| John Lynch |  | Labor / National Labor / Nationalist | Werriwa | NSW | 1914–1919 |
| Hugh Mahon |  | Labor | Kalgoorlie | WA | 1901–1917, 1919–1920 |
| William Mahony |  | Labor | Dalley | NSW | 1915–1927 |
| William Maloney |  | Labor | Melbourne | Vic | 1904–1940 |
| Chester Manifold |  | Liberal / Nationalist | Corangamite | Vic | 1901–1903, 1913–1918 |
| Walter Massy-Greene |  | Liberal / Nationalist | Richmond | NSW | 1910–1922 |
| James Mathews |  | Labor | Melbourne Ports | Vic | 1906–1931 |
| Charles McDonald |  | Labor | Kennedy | Qld | 1901–1925 |
| Charles McGrath |  | Labor | Ballarat | Vic | 1913–1919, 1920–1934 |
| William McWilliams |  | Liberal / Nationalist | Franklin | Tas | 1903–1922, 1928–1929 |
| Parker Moloney |  | Labor | Indi | Vic | 1910–1913, 1914–1917, 1919–1931 |
| King O'Malley |  | Labor | Darwin | Tas | 1901–1917 |
| Richard Orchard |  | Liberal / Nationalist | Nepean | NSW | 1913–1919 |
| Alfred Ozanne |  | Labor | Corio | Vic | 1910–1913, 1914–1917 |
| Jim Page |  | Labor | Maranoa | Qld | 1901–1921 |
| Albert Palmer |  | Liberal / Nationalist | Echuca | Vic | 1906–1919 |
| Robert Patten |  | Liberal / Nationalist | Hume | NSW | 1913–1917 |
| Henry Pigott |  | Liberal / Nationalist | Calare | NSW | 1913–1919 |
| Alexander Poynton |  | Labor / National Labor / Nationalist | Grey | SA | 1901–1922 |
| Edward Riley |  | Labor | South Sydney | NSW | 1910–1931 |
| Arthur Rodgers |  | Liberal / Nationalist | Wannon | Vic | 1913–1922, 1925–1929 |
| Granville Ryrie |  | Liberal / Nationalist | North Sydney | NSW | 1911–1927 |
| Carty Salmon |  | Nationalist | Grampians | Vic | 1901–1913, 1915–1917 |
| Sydney Sampson |  | Liberal / Nationalist | Wimmera | Vic | 1906–1919 |
| James Sharpe |  | Labor | Oxley | Qld | 1913–1917 |
| Hugh Sinclair |  | Liberal / Nationalist | Moreton | Qld | 1906–1919 |
| Bruce Smith |  | Liberal / Nationalist | Parkes | NSW | 1901–1919 |
| William Laird Smith |  | Labor / National Labor / Nationalist | Denison | Tas | 1910–1922 |
| William Spence |  | Labor / National Labor / Nationalist | Darling | NSW | 1901–1917, 1917–1919 |
| Jacob Stumm |  | Liberal / Nationalist | Lilley | Qld | 1913–1917 |
| Josiah Thomas |  | Labor / National Labor / Nationalist | Barrier | NSW | 1901–1917 |
| John Thomson |  | Liberal / Nationalist | Cowper | NSW | 1906–1919 |
| Frank Tudor |  | Labor | Yarra | Vic | 1901–1922 |
| David Watkins |  | Labor | Newcastle | NSW | 1901–1935 |
| William Watt |  | Liberal / Nationalist | Balaclava | Vic | 1914–1929 |
| William Webster |  | Labor / National Labor / Nationalist | Gwydir | NSW | 1903–1919 |
| John West |  | Labor | East Sydney | NSW | 1910–1931 |
| George Wise |  | Independent/Nationalist | Gippsland | Vic | 1906–1913, 1914–1922 |
| George Edwin Yates |  | Labor | Adelaide | SA | 1914–1919, 1922–1931 |

1. Arthur died in December 1914, and was succeeded by Alfred Hampson (Labor) at the resulting by-election on 6 February 1915.
2. Fisher resigned in 1915, and was succeeded by Edward Corser (Commonwealth Liberal / Nationalist) at the resulting by-election on 11 December 1915.
3. Howe died in 1915, and was succeeded by William Mahony (Labor) at the resulting by-election on 6 May 1915.
4. Jolley died in 1915, and was succeeded by Carty Salmon (Commonwealth Liberal / Nationalist) at the resulting by-election on 20 February 1915.
5. Wise joined the Nationalist Party in February 1917.


title: Vacaville tree pruners' strike

abstract: The Vacaville tree pruners' strike of 1932 was a two-month strike beginning on November 14 by the CAWIU in Vacaville, California, United States. The strikers were protesting a cut in tree pruning wages from $1.40 for an eight-hour workday to $1.25 for a nine-hour workday. The strike was characterized by multiple violent incidents including a break-in at the Vacaville jail that resulted in the kidnapping and abuse of six arrested strike leaders. The strikers were ultimately unsuccessful in demanding higher wages and fewer hours and the CAWIU voted to end the strike on January 20, 1933.

text:
# Vacaville tree pruners' strike

**The Vacaville tree pruners' strike of 1932** was a two-month strike beginning on November 14 by the CAWIU in Vacaville, California, United States. The strikers were protesting a cut in tree pruning wages from $1.40 for an eight-hour workday to $1.25 for a nine-hour workday. The strike was characterized by multiple violent incidents including a break-in at the Vacaville jail that resulted in the kidnapping and abuse of six arrested strike leaders. The strikers were ultimately unsuccessful in demanding higher wages and fewer hours and the CAWIU voted to end the strike on January 20, 1933.

## Background

The Cannery and Agricultural Workers' International Union (CAWIU), formerly known as the Agricultural Workers' Industrial Union (AWIU), was a Communist-aligned union active in California in the early 1930s. Early in its career the CAWIU involved itself primarily in spontaneous agricultural strikes, including the Santa Clara Valley cannery workers strike in July 1931 and the California pea pickers strike in May 1932. However, the union focused little on recruiting and organizing a large group of permanent members. Following the failures of these two strikes the CAWIU leaders realized the difficulty of establishing a solid agricultural labor movement around spontaneous and unplanned uprisings.

The CAWIU became more effective in its operating and organizing due to the leadership of Sam Darcy. Darcy became the organizer for District 13 (which included California, Nevada, and Arizona) of the Communist Party USA in 1931. At the time District 13 had a membership of less than 300 and a treasury of $6. Darcy's main focus was organizing California's unemployed and agricultural workers. He immediately began recruiting and training organizers from the working class because he believed they would relate to, and thus more easily recruit, the California farm workers. Darcy felt that the only hope of success for the Communist party in District 13 was to disregard its own political interests in favor of improving the wages and working conditions of the workers.

Inspired by Darcy's leadership the CAWIU called a conference of all its members on July 18, 1932, with the purpose of establishing a basis for strong organization. The CAWIU resolved to maintain its headquarters in San Jose as a concentration point from which the union would expand. Second, conference delegates agreed that the union's leadership must be reflective of its membership in terms of race, sex, and age. Third, they agreed that all union activities were to enforce demands regarding wages, working conditions, and union recognition, and that careful organization was necessary for any union action. To ensure that every farm worker could afford membership the delegates established the lowest possible initiation fees and monthly dues. Employed workers paid an initiation fee of 50 cents and unemployed workers paid only 10 cents, while monthly dues were 30 cents for working members and 5 cents for the unemployed.

During the months following the San Jose conference CAWIU organizers were greatly active in the three-valley region of Santa Clara, Salinas, and Pajaro, which they selected at the conference for special attention. However, this did not mean that other areas were neglected. For several months a group of CAWIU organizers from Sacramento had been actively recruiting farm workers in Vacaville. When orchardists cut their tree pruners' wages on November 14, 1932, the CAWIU had gained ample influence among local farm workers to call the first prearranged strike in its history.

## Timeline

### Farm owners cut wages

On November 10 Frank H. Buck announced that the wage for tree pruning would be cut to $1.25 for a nine-hour workday beginning November 14. Buck was Vacaville's largest grower who, just a few days prior on November 8, had been elected as a Democrat to the U.S. House of Representatives, receiving support from nearly every voting farm worker in his district. This was due to the fact that, prior to his election, Buck publicly announced his intention to pay tree pruners $1.40 for an eight-hour workday while other local orchardists were paying $1.25.

### The strike begins

The strike began on November 14, the day Buck's reduced wage rate went into effect, when 400 Spanish, Japanese, Filipino, and white tree pruners walked off their jobs. 250 of the workers were CAWIU members and the others were quickly joining. The union issued its strike demands that same day: a wage of $1.50 for an eight-hour workday, a guarantee of no discrimination on the basis of race, sex, or union activity, and formal recognition of the CAWIU by farm employers. In response, the affected employers offered $1.20 for an eight-hour workday. Unwilling to accept this offer, yet lacking essential resources to sustain the strike, the CAWIU looked to outside help. The Workers' International Relief pledged its full support within a few days and the International Labor Defense offered its services to those workers arrested during the strike.

### The first confrontation

The first confrontation of the strike occurred on November 21 when strikers barricaded the main street of Vacaville. Their goal was to prevent trucks carrying strikebreakers from reaching the affected orchards on the outskirts of town. Vacaville police chief O. E. Alley attempted to remove a barricade of boxes and the strikers tried to stop him, thus sparking a confrontation. Police, who were greatly outnumbered, attempted to arrest six strike leaders but eventually released them after being surrounded by a large mob of picketers. No one was hurt in the incident.

### Riot on November 25

More than a dozen individuals, including five Vacaville police officers, were injured during a riot between strikers and strikebreakers on November 25. The officers and strikebreakers were attacked, after removing street barricades, while attempting to move their truck through the crowd of strikers. One of the strikers, identified as John Lopez, attacked one of the strikebreakers, identified as Arthur Boom, with pruning shears. Boom leaped from the truck and attacked Lopez, starting a riot between about 300 strikers, strikebreakers, and officers. The officers used clubs to attack the strikers while strikers used pruning shears and rocks as weapons. One officer, Deputy Sheriff George Frazier of Fairfield, was knocked unconscious when struck on the head by a rock. Another unidentified officer had his finger tip bitten off.

### Library riot on December 4

On December 4 more than 150 strikers met at the home of John Lopez, the first person to attack during the November 25 riot, and marched together to the city library. The crowd of strikers, led by a front line of young women, chanted and carried banners reading "$1.50 and eight hours" and "Free Donald Bingham," a demonstrator arrested at the November 25 riot. The strikers reached the library where they were met by Vacaville police chief O. E. Alley and a large group of Vacaville citizens. Speeches were given by strike supporters such as James Melgar of Vacaville, Robert Nelson of San Jose, and Nora Conklin of Sacramento, all of whom were eventually arrested that day. The crowd grew to nearly 1000 people, most of them Vacaville townsmen and farm owners.

The riot started during a speech by Nora Conklin, an International Defense League worker, who urged the strikers to return to the Lopez home. Banners were ripped from the hands of strikers, sparking a clash between the citizens of Vacaville and the striking workers. Strikers were hit and knocked to the ground, many were injured in the chaos of more than 1000 people, and officers were unable to control the angry crowd. Officers placed twelve individuals under arrest, all of them strikers or speakers, charging them with conducting a meeting without the consent of the city council.

### Vacaville jail incident and community response on December 5

The day after the riot at the city library a group of about 30 masked men invaded the Vacaville jail, kidnapped six strike leaders, and drove away with them in seven waiting automobiles, warning journalists and other townspeople not to follow. They drove fifteen miles from the jail where they shaved the strikers' heads, beat them, and covered them with red paint. The kidnappers then turned the strike leaders loose, warned them not to return to Vacaville, and drove off. Police chief O. E. Alley said those who entered the jail had somehow obtained the necessary keys but gave no explanation as to how. Frank H. Buck publicly condemned the act, urging Vacaville residents to proceed with the strike by lawful means. Sheriff's officers also condemned the act but little was done in effort to identify or arrest the kidnappers.

The International Labor Defense sent telegrams condemning the incident to California's Governor Rolph, the mayor of Vacaville, and Vacaville police chief O. E. Alley. The telegrams, signed by the International Labor Defense's national secretary William L. Patterson, demanded the immediate arrest of all individuals and town officials involved in the incident.

That afternoon it was reported that the Sacramento communists would retaliate in force against Vacaville. The word spread throughout the county and angry citizens from all the towns began to gather in Vacaville to fend off the impending invasion. A large crowd of Solano county citizens gathered in front of the library and listened to speeches by Rev. Arthur F. Fruhling and Judge Bell from Winters. The speeches were on the subject of "the real menace to this community," and reaffirmed the resolve of the citizens of Vacaville to protect their town and families.

### The end of the strike and aftermath

After more than 2 months the CAWIU had exhausted its resources and the strikers' determination to continue the strike had weakened. Intimidation by local antilabor forces, farm owners, and townsmen was taking its toll, relief from outside sources was dwindling, and attendance at strike meetings had drastically fallen. When American Federation of Labor officials sided with employers in the dispute union leaders recognized that the strike had reached its end. At a meeting on January 20 CAWIU members voted to end the strike. The strikers were ultimately unsuccessful in achieving their demands. Union leaders recognized that, in order for it to have been successful, the strike should have been called at harvesttime when farm employers would be under immediate pressure to reach a settlement.

## Historical significance

The Vacaville tree pruners' strike saw great displays of anti-communist sentiment from the farm owners and townspeople. Employers gained the support of many Vacaville citizens through appeals to anti-communism. Farmers and local businessmen organized a large anti-communist rally on December 2 where a local churchman (Rev. Arthur F. Fruhling) branded the CAWIU as a tool for Communist corruption in California. They also heard a judge from a nearby town (Judge Bell from Winters) suggest lynching as a means of combatting the "red" strikers. This anti-communist sentiment was carried on to the Vacaville jail incident three days later when masked men kidnapped six strike leaders and, among other abuses, covered them with red paint.

City and county authorities supported the employers' efforts to undermine the strikers. The mayor of Vacaville at the time, who was one of the largest orchardists in the area, facilitated the cooperation between employers and public authorities throughout the strike. Yet despite the efforts of local authorities and employers the strikers were successful in keeping strikebreakers out of the affected orchards during the early weeks of the strike. During the later stages, however, mass picket lines were made up of mostly women and children in an effort to protect male strikers from further violence and physical abuse.

For the CAWIU the Vacaville defeat was a setback, but the strike served as a learning experience for successful strike leadership. Under Sam Darcy's leadership a group of new and able organizers had taken over the CAWIU and, by the end of the strike in 1933, the union had gained the attention, respect, and confidence of California farm workers.

## Further reading

* Daniel, Cletus (1982). Bitter harvest: a history of California farmworkers, 1870-1941. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
* Yolanda Alaniz, and Megan Cornish (2008). Viva La Raza: A History of Chicano Identity and Resistance. Seattle: Red Letter Press.
* "Pruners on Strike Jostle Police Chief." Los Angeles Times. November 22, 1932.
* "MANY HURT IN ORCHARD STRIKE RIOT: Five Vacaville officers among injured when 300 attack workers' truck". Los Angeles Times. November 26, 1932.
* "TOWN BATTLES STRIKING MOB: Vacaville scene of uproar; Several injured". Los Angeles Times. December 5, 1932.
* "JAIL MOBSTERS' TRAIL PRESSED: Officers Seeking Group Who Kidnapped Agitators". Los Angeles Times. December 6, 1932.
* "STRIKERS PAINTED RED BY MOB IN CALIFORNIA: Six reputed leaders in fruit-picking dispute are taken from jail, beaten and sent away". New York Times. 6 December 1932.

1. Daniel, Cletus (1982). *Bitter harvest: a history of California farmworkers, 1870-1941*. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 127. ISBN 9780520047228.
2. Daniel, Cletus (1982). *Bitter harvest: a history of California farmworkers, 1870-1941*. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 128. ISBN 9780520047228.
3. Daniel, Cletus (1982). *Bitter harvest: a history of California farmworkers, 1870-1941*. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 130. ISBN 9780520047228.
4. Daniel, Cletus (1982). *Bitter harvest: a history of California farmworkers, 1870-1941*. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 132. ISBN 9780520047228.
5. Daniel, Cletus (1982). *Bitter harvest: a history of California farmworkers, 1870-1941*. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 133. ISBN 9780520047228.
6. Daniel, Cletus (1982). *Bitter harvest: a history of California farmworkers, 1870-1941*. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 135. ISBN 9780520047228.
7. Daniel, Cletus (1982). *Bitter harvest: a history of California farmworkers, 1870-1941*. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 135. ISBN 9780520047228.
8. Daniel, Cletus (1982). *Bitter harvest: a history of California farmworkers, 1870-1941*. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 136. ISBN 9780520047228.
9. Daniel, Cletus (1982). *Bitter harvest: a history of California farmworkers, 1870-1941*. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 136. ISBN 9780520047228.
10. Daniel, Cletus (1982). *Bitter harvest: a history of California farmworkers, 1870-1941*. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 136. ISBN 9780520047228.
11. Yolanda Alaniz, and Megan Cornish (2008). *Viva La Raza: A History of Chicano Identity and Resistance*. Seattle: Red Letter Press. p. 142.
12. Daniel, Cletus (1982). *Bitter harvest: a history of California farmworkers, 1870-1941*. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 136. ISBN 9780520047228.
13. Daniel, Cletus (1982). *Bitter harvest: a history of California farmworkers, 1870-1941*. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 137. ISBN 9780520047228.
14. Daniel, Cletus (1982). *Bitter harvest: a history of California farmworkers, 1870-1941*. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 137. ISBN 9780520047228.
15. Daniel, Cletus (1982). *Bitter harvest: a history of California farmworkers, 1870-1941*. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 137. ISBN 9780520047228.
16. "Pruners on Strike Jostle Police Chief". *Los Angeles Times*. November 22, 1932.
17. Daniel, Cletus (1982). *Bitter harvest: a history of California farmworkers, 1870-1941*. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 137. ISBN 9780520047228.
18. "MANY HURT IN ORCHARD STRIKE RIOT: Five Vacaville officers among injured when 300 attack workers' truck". *Los Angeles Times*. November 26, 1932.
19. "MANY HURT IN ORCHARD STRIKE RIOT: Five Vacaville officers among injured when 300 attack workers' truck". *Los Angeles Times*. November 26, 1932.
20. "MANY HURT IN ORCHARD STRIKE RIOT: Five Vacaville officers among injured when 300 attack workers' truck". *Los Angeles Times*. November 26, 1932.
21. "TOWN BATTLES STRIKING MOB: Vacaville scene of uproar; Several injured". *Los Angeles Times*. December 5, 1932.
22. "TOWN BATTLES STRIKING MOB: Vacaville scene of uproar; Several injured". *Los Angeles Times*. December 5, 1932.
23. "TOWN BATTLES STRIKING MOB: Vacaville scene of uproar; Several injured". *Los Angeles Times*. December 5, 1932.
24. Daniel, Cletus (1982). *Bitter harvest: a history of California farmworkers, 1870-1941*. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 138. ISBN 9780520047228.
25. "JAIL MOBSTERS' TRAIL PRESSED: Officers Seeking Group Who Kidnapped Agitators". *Los Angeles Times*. December 6, 1932.
26. "STRIKERS PAINTED RED BY MOB IN CALIFORNIA: Six reputed leaders in fruit-picking dispute are taken from jail, beaten and sent away". *New York Times*. 6 December 1932.
27. "JAIL MOBSTERS' TRAIL PRESSED: Officers Seeking Group Who Kidnapped Agitators". *Los Angeles Times*. December 6, 1932.
28. "STRIKERS PAINTED RED BY MOB IN CALIFORNIA: Six reputed leaders in fruit-picking dispute are taken from jail, beaten and sent away". *New York Times*. 6 December 1932.
29. Daniel, Cletus (1982). *Bitter harvest: a history of California farmworkers, 1870-1941*. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 138. ISBN 9780520047228.
30. "STRIKERS PAINTED RED BY MOB IN CALIFORNIA: Six reputed leaders in fruit-picking dispute are taken from jail, beaten and sent away". *New York Times*. 6 December 1932.
31. "Solano, the Way It Was".
32. Daniel, Cletus (1982). *Bitter harvest: a history of California farmworkers, 1870-1941*. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 138. ISBN 9780520047228.
33. Daniel, Cletus (1982). *Bitter harvest: a history of California farmworkers, 1870-1941*. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 139. ISBN 9780520047228.
34. Daniel, Cletus (1982). *Bitter harvest: a history of California farmworkers, 1870-1941*. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 137. ISBN 9780520047228.
35. Daniel, Cletus (1982). *Bitter harvest: a history of California farmworkers, 1870-1941*. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 137. ISBN 9780520047228.
36. Daniel, Cletus (1982). *Bitter harvest: a history of California farmworkers, 1870-1941*. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 137. ISBN 9780520047228.
37. Yolanda Alaniz, and Megan Cornish (2008). *Viva La Raza: A History of Chicano Identity and Resistance*. Seattle: Red Letter Press. p. 142.
38. Daniel, Cletus (1982). *Bitter harvest: a history of California farm workers, 1870-1941*. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 139. ISBN 9780520047228.


title: May Best Sexton

abstract: Edna May Williston Sexton was a social activist and war worker born in Shediac, New Brunswick and died in Halifax, Nova Scotia at age 43. Best was orphaned at an early age and raised by family in Boston. She obtained an honours science degree from MIT and married another graduate, Frederick Henry Sexton, who became a professor at Dalhousie University in Halifax. As a faculty wife she became fully involved in many organizations they supported, one of the most important being the Imperial Order of the Daughters of the Empire. She served a term as the first municipal regent. She was aggressively involved in women's issues revolving around education and the roles of women. Sexton is mainly remembered in Canadian history through her involvement in the war effort. The Local Council of Women of Halifax spearheaded an intense war effort from that city and the whole province and Sexton was a leading force.

text:
# May Best Sexton

**Edna May Williston Sexton** (née Best; June 25, 1880  December 14, 1923) was a social activist and war worker born in Shediac, New Brunswick and died in Halifax, Nova Scotia at age 43.

Best was orphaned at an early age and raised by family in Boston. She obtained an honours science degree from MIT and married another graduate, Frederick Henry Sexton, who became a professor at Dalhousie University in Halifax. As a faculty wife she became fully involved in many organizations they supported, one of the most important being the Imperial Order of the Daughters of the Empire. She served a term as the first municipal regent. She was aggressively involved in women's issues revolving around education and the roles of women.

Sexton is mainly remembered in Canadian history through her involvement in the war effort. The Local Council of Women of Halifax spearheaded an intense war effort from that city and the whole province and Sexton was a leading force.


title: Pier Fire

abstract: The Pier Fire was a wildfire that burned near Springville and in the Sequoia National Forest, in California in the United States. The fire was reported on August 29, 2017. The cause of the fire is under investigation, but is believed to be human-caused. The fire was completely extinguished on November 29, after it had burned 36,556 acres (148 km⁲). The fire threatened old growth sequoia trees, the Tule River Indian Reservation, and many small communities in the area.

text:
# Pier Fire

The **Pier Fire** was a wildfire that burned near Springville and in the Sequoia National Forest, in California in the United States. The fire was reported on August 29, 2017. The cause of the fire is under investigation, but is believed to be human-caused. The fire was completely extinguished on November 29, after it had burned 36,556 acres (148 km2). The fire threatened old growth sequoia trees, the Tule River Indian Reservation, and many small communities in the area.

## Progression

The Pier Fire was first reported on August 29 at 2:30 AM. The fire was spotted in the Tule River Canyon just north of Springville, California (reportedly, the fire was started by an individual or individuals who had stolen a car, set it on fire and pushed it into a ravine, which then caught fire. Since the site where the fire started was in a national forest, federal authorities along with state authorities are investigating). By the end of the day the fire had burned 1,650 acres (7 km2) north and south of Highway 190 in Giant Sequoia National Monument in Sequoia National Forest. This led to numerous mandatory evacuations in the area and the closure of Highway 190 in select areas.

By August 30, the fire had grown to 4,655 acres (19 km2) and threatened the Tule River Reservation and two groves of sequoia trees: Mountain Home Grove and Black Mountain Grove. Crews had limited access to the fire due to the steep slopes, heavy fuels and limited roads. Highway 190 remained closed in some sections and Balch Park and Mountain Home Demonstration State Forest were both closed.

On September 1, the fire grew to 10,311 acres (42 km2). The fire jumped Highway 190 and the middle fork of the Tule River, nearing campgrounds. Additional crews were recruited due to the overwhelming nature of the fire, including CAL FIRE and Tulare County crews, totaling 1,243 individuals. More residents, specifically those residing on Balch Park and Bear Creek Roads were evacuated.

California Assemblyman Devon Mathis visited the incident command post for a site visit on September 2. That day, the fire had grown by approximately 4,000 acres, driven by dry fuels rather than the previous nights winds. On September 3, a Southern California Edison flume was destroyed in the fire, costing an estimated $3-$5 million to replace. Additionally, Southern California Edison also lost a valve house, six distribution poles and a transmission structure.

By September 11, the fire was declared to be 60% contained and at 27,586 acres (112 km2). Evacuation status of Cow Mountain, Springville and Upper Rio Vista was downgraded to voluntary. Crews successfully controlled fires on the Tule River Tribe of the Tule River Reservation. On the evening of September 14, mandatory evacuations for the communities of Alpine Village, Camp Nelson, Cedar Slope, Doyle Springs, Mountain Aire, Rogers Camp, Pierpoint Springs, Sequoia Crest and Wishon were downgraded to voluntary.

IN mid-September 2017, fire crews were finishing up containment of spot fires near Pine Flat Road and will proceed to initiate firing operations and hand lines in Soda Springs on the Tule River Reservation, including structure protection.

On September 24, the Pier Fire's perimeter was 100% contained, with a total burn area of 36,556 acres (148 km2). However, hot spots continued with burn within the fire perimeter for another couple of months, until they were extinguished by rainfall from a winter storm on November 29.

## Effects

### Evacuations and closures

A portion of Highway 190 is closed to all traffic from the Tule Power House to Pierpoint Springs. Sequoia National Forest lands, trails and roads around the fire remain closed.

* Media related to Pier Fire at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Pier Fire | |
| --- | --- |
| Pier Fire on the evening of August 29, 2017 | |
| Date(s) | * August 29, 2017 (2017-08-29) * November 29, 2017 (2017-11-29) |
| Location | Sequoia National Forest, California, United States
Springville, California, United States |
| Coordinates | 36°09′32″N 118°41′46″W / 36.159°N 118.696°W / 36.159; -118.696 |
| Statistics | |
| Burned area | 36,556 acres (148 km2) |
| Impacts | |
| Non-fatal injuries | 5 |
| Ignition | |
| Cause | Human caused |
| Map | |
| Location of fire in California. | |


title: Marina Wallner

abstract: Marina Wallner is a German former alpine ski racer.

text:
# Marina Wallner

**Marina Wallner** (born 7 November 1994) is a German former alpine ski racer.

## Olympic Games results

| Year | Slalom | Giant slalom | Downhill | Super-G | Combined | Team |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2018 | 19 |  |  |  |  |  |

## InfoBox

Marina Wallner
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1994-11-07) 7 November 1994<br>Traunstein, Germany |
| Occupation | Alpine skier |
|  | |
| Skiing career | |
| Disciplines | Slalom |
| Club | SC Inzell |
| Olympics | |
| Teams | 1 – (2018) |
|  | |


title: Zoo.com

abstract: Zoo.com is a metasearch engine, which as of 2006, provided results from search engines and other sources, including Google, Yahoo! and Wikipedia. Also as of 2006, Zoo.com provided news content from ABC News, Fox News and Yahoo! News.

text:
# Zoo.com

**Zoo.com** is a metasearch engine, which as of 2006, provided results from search engines and other sources, including Google, Yahoo! and Wikipedia. Also as of 2006, Zoo.com provided news content from ABC News, Fox News and Yahoo! News.

## History

InfoSpace launched Zoo.com on November 14, 2006, as a kid-friendly metasearch engine after InfoSpace, through conducting their own survey, claimed that kids who are more reliant on the internet are more likely to encounter material inappropriate for them.

Zoo.com competed with other kid-friendly search engines at the time such as Yahoo!'s Yahooligans, AOL's Study Buddy, Ask's Ask for Kids and KidsClick!. The metasearch engine used several methods to filter out adult content such as adult sites and adult phrases and did not show results for certain search queries, such as "sex".

In 2014, MetaCrawler, another metasearch engine owned by InfoSpace, was merged into Zoo.com, but was later relaunched as its own search engine in 2017.

In July 2016, Blucora announced the sale of its InfoSpace business to OpenMail for $45 million, putting Zoo.com under the ownership of OpenMail. OpenMail was later renamed System1.

1. Sterling, Greg (2006-11-14). "InfoSpace Launches Kid-Friendly Search Engine Zoo.com". *Search Engine Watch*. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
2. "New Kid-Friendly Search Engine Zoo.com Offers Wealth of Information Without the Worry". *Business Wire*. 2006-11-14. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
3. "MetaCrawler". 2014-01-01. Archived from the original on 2014-01-01. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
4. "MetaCrawler". 2017-04-03. Archived from the original on 2017-04-03. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
5. "Blucora to sell InfoSpace business for $45 million". *Seattle Times*. July 5, 2016.
6. "System1 raises $270 million for 'consumer intent' advertising". *L.A. Biz*. Retrieved 2017-12-01.

## InfoBox

Zoo.com
| Type of site | Search Engine |
| --- | --- |
| Available in | English |
| Owner | System1 |
| URL | http://www.zoo.com/ |
| Launched | November 14, 2006 (2006-11-14) |
| Current status | Active |


title: Västmanland Runic Inscription 17

abstract: Västmanland Runic Inscription 17 or Vs 17 is the Rundata designation for a Viking Age memorial runestone with an image of a ship that is located in Råby, which is about two kilometers east of Tortuna, Västmanland County, Sweden, which was in the historic province of Västmanland.

text:
# Västmanland Runic Inscription 17

**Västmanland Runic Inscription 17** or **Vs 17** is the Rundata designation for a Viking Age memorial runestone with an image of a ship that is located in Råby, which is about two kilometers east of Tortuna, Västmanland County, Sweden, which was in the historic province of Västmanland.

## Description

The inscription on Vs 17 consists of runic text in the younger futhark on a serpent that encircles a ship that is on a granite stone which is 1.4 meters in height. Other runic inscriptions from the Viking Age which depict ships include DR 77 in Hjermind, DR 119 in Spentrup, DR 220 in Sønder Kirkeby, DR 258 in Bösarp, DR 271 in Tullstorp, DR 328 in Holmby, DR EM85;523 in Farsø, Ög 181 in Ledberg, Ög 224 in Stratomta, Ög MÖLM1960;230 in Törnevalla, Sö 122 in Skresta, Sö 154 in Skarpåker, Sö 158 in Österberga, Sö 164 in Spånga, Sö 351 in Överjärna, Sö 352 in Linga, Vg 51 in Husaby, U 370 in Herresta, U 979 in Gamla Uppsala, U 1052 in Axlunda, and U 1161 in Altuna. Three stones, the Hørdum and Långtora kyrka stones and U 1001 in Rasbo, depict ships but currently do not have any runes on them and may never have had any.

The inscription, which has been damaged on the left side, is classified as probably being carved in runestone style Pr5, which is also known as Urnes style. This runestone style is characterized by slim and stylized animals that are interwoven into tight patterns. The animal heads are typically seen in profile with slender almond-shaped eyes and upwardly curled appendages on the noses and the necks. The inscription based on stylistic analysis is attributed to a runemaster with the normalized name of Litle, who signed the inscriptions on runestones Vs 20 in Prästgården (Romfartuna synod), Vs 27 in Grällsta, and probably the now-lost Vs 28 in Grällsta. Other inscriptions attributed to Litle based on stylistic analysis include Vs 22 in Ulvsta and Vs 32 in Prästgården (Västerfärnebo synod).

The runic text indicates that the stone was raised by Holmsteinn in memory of his wife Tíðfríðr and of himself. There are over twenty other runestones where the sponsor of the stone stated that the stone was raised in memory of himself, including Sö 55 in Bjudby, U 127 in Danderyds, the now-lost U 149 in Hagby, U 164 and U 165 in Täby, U 171 in Söderby, U 194 in Väsby, U 212 in Vallentuna, U 261 in Fresta, U 308 in Ekeby, the now-lost U 345 in Yttergärde, U 433 in Husby-Ärlinghundra, U 734 in Linsunda, U 739 in Gådi, U 803 in Långtora, U 962 in Vaksala, U 1011 in Örby, U 1040 in Fasma, the now-lost U 1114 in Myrby, U 1181 in Lilla Runhällen, U Fv1958;250 in Sigtuna, Vs 32 in Prästgården, and DR 212 in Tillitse. Of these, five stones known as the Jarlabanke Runestones were sponsored by the same person in memory of himself. In carving the runic text, the runemaster used a punctuation mark consisting of two dots as a word divider between each word.

## Inscription

### Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters

**holmste\[n\] : let : resa : mer\[ki : eftir : tifrit : gonu : sina : ok : iftir\] : sik : selfan :**

### Transcription into Old Norse

*Holmstæinn let ræisa mærki æftiR Tiðfrið, konu sina, ok æftiʀ sik sialfan.*

### Translation in English

*Holmsteinn had the landmark raised in memory of Tíðfríðr, his wife, and in memory of himself.*


title: Vera Cruz, São Paulo

abstract: Vera Cruz is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 10,823 in an area of 248 km². The elevation is 628 m.

text:
# Vera Cruz, São Paulo

**Vera Cruz** is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 10,823 (2020 est.) in an area of 248 km². The elevation is 628 m.

## Media

In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia Telefônica Brasileira until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.

The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

## Religion

Christianity is present in the city as follows:

### Catholic Church

The Catholic church in the municipality is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Marília.

### Protestant Church

The most diverse evangelical beliefs are present in the city, mainly Pentecostal, including the Assemblies of God in Brazil (the largest evangelical church in the country), Christian Congregation in Brazil, among others. These denominations are growing more and more throughout Brazil.

## InfoBox

| Vera Cruz | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Location in São Paulo state | |
| Vera CruzLocation in Brazil | |
| Coordinates: 22°13′11″S 49°49′10″W / 22.21972°S 49.81944°W / -22.21972; -49.81944 | |
| Country | Brazil |
| Region | Southeast |
| State | São Paulo |
| Area | |
| Total | 248 km2 (96 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 ) | |
| Total | 10,823 |
| Density | 44/km2 (110/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC−3 (BRT) |


title: Men's European Volleyball League

abstract: The Men's European Volleyball League is a continental volleyball competition senior men's national volleyball teams of Europe, organized by the European Volleyball Confederation (CEV). Created in 2004, the competition serves as a qualifying tournament for the FIVB World League and its successor the FIVB Challenger Cup since 2018. This event should not be confused with the other, more prestigious, continental competition for European national volleyball teams, the European Volleyball Championship.

text:
# Men's European Volleyball League

The **Men's European Volleyball League** is a continental volleyball competition senior men's national volleyball teams of Europe, organized by the European Volleyball Confederation (CEV). Created in 2004, the competition serves as a qualifying tournament for the FIVB World League (until 2016) and its successor the FIVB Challenger Cup since 2018.

This event should not be confused with the other, more prestigious, continental competition for European national volleyball teams, the European Volleyball Championship.

## Results summary

| Year | Finals hosts |  | Final | | |  | Third place match
(or losing semi-finalists) | | |  | Teams |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Champions | Score | Runners-up | | 3rd place | Score | 4th place | | |
| 2004
Details |
Opava | | **
Czech Republic** | **3–1** |
Russia | |
Netherlands | **3–1** |
Germany | | 8 |
| 2005
Details |
Kazan | | **
Russia** | **3–0** |
Finland | |
Spain | **3–1** |
Turkey | | 8 |
| 2006
Details |
İzmir | | **
Netherlands** | **3–1** |
Croatia | |
Greece | **3–2** |
Turkey | | 8 |
| 2007
Details |
Portimão | | **
Spain** | **3–2** |
Portugal | |
Slovakia | **3–1** |
Slovenia | | 12 |
| 2008
Details |
Bursa | | **
Slovakia** | **3–1** |
Netherlands | |
Turkey | **3–2** |
Germany | | 9 |
| 2009
Details |
Portimão | | **
Germany** | **3–2** |
Spain | |
Portugal | **3–0** |
Slovakia | | 12 |
| 2010
Details |
Guadalajara | | **
Portugal** | **3–1** |
Spain | |
Turkey | **3–2** |
Romania | | 8 |
| 2011
Details |
Košice | | **
Slovakia** | **3–2** |
Spain | |
Slovenia | **3–0** |
Romania | | 12 |
| 2012
Details |
Ankara | | **
Netherlands** | **3–2** |
Turkey | |
Spain | **3–1** |
Slovakia | | 10 |
| 2013
Details |
Marmaris | | **
Belgium** | **3–0** |
Croatia | |
Czech Republic | **3–1** |
Turkey | | 12 |
| 2014
Details | Two-legged tie | | **
Montenegro** | **5–1 (agg.)**
(3–2, 3–1) |
Greece | | Slovenia and  North Macedonia | | | | 10 |
| 2015
Details |
Wałbrzych | | **
Slovenia** | **3–0** |
North Macedonia | |
Poland | **3–0** |
Estonia | | 12 |
| 2016
Details |
Varna | | **
Estonia** | **3–0** |
North Macedonia | |
Austria | **3–0** |
Bulgaria | | 8 |
| 2017
Details |
Gentofte | | **
Ukraine** | **3–1** |
North Macedonia | |
Sweden | **3–1** |
Denmark | | 8 |
| 2018
Details |
Karlovy Vary | | **
Estonia** | **3–0** |
Czech Republic | |
Turkey | **3–2** |
Portugal | | 20 |
| 2019
Details |
Tallinn | | **
Turkey** | **3–0** |
Belarus | |
Netherlands | **3–0** |
Estonia | | 20 |
| 2020
 | *Cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic* | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2021
Details |
Kortrijk |  | **
Turkey** | **3–1** |
Ukraine |  |
Estonia | **3–0** |
Belgium |  | 19 |
| | | | 2022
Details |
Varaždin | **
Czech Republic** | **3–1** |
Turkey |
Croatia | **3–2** |
Ukraine | 17 |
| | | | 2023
Details |
Zadar | **
Turkey** | **3–2** |
Ukraine |
Croatia | **3–0** |
Czech Republic | 18 |
| | | | 2024
Details |
Osijek | **
Ukraine** | **3–1** |
Croatia |
Czech Republic | **3–2** |
Estonia | 16 |

## Medals summary

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Turkey | 3 | 2 | 3 | 8 |
| 2 | Ukraine | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 |
| 3 | Czech Republic | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
| | Netherlands | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
| 5 | Estonia | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| | Slovakia | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| 7 | Spain | 1 | 3 | 2 | 6 |
| 8 | Portugal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 9 | Russia | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 10 | Slovenia | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| 11 | Belgium | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | Germany | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | Montenegro | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 14 | Croatia | 0 | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| 15 | North Macedonia | 0 | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| 16 | Greece | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 17 | Belarus | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | Finland | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 19 | Austria | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Poland | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Sweden | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (21 entries) | | 20 | 20 | 21 | 61 |

## MVP by edition

## InfoBox

Men's European Volleyball League
| **Most recent season or competition:**
*2024 Men's European Volleyball League* | |
| --- | --- |
| Sport | Volleyball |
| Founded | 2004 (2004) |
| First season | 2004 |
| Continent | Europe (CEV) |
| Most recent
champion(s) | Ukraine
(2nd title) |
| Most titles | Turkey
(3 titles) |


title: Vacaville Town Hall

abstract: Vacaville Town Hall also known as Old Town Hall is a historic building in Vacaville, California, United States. It was designed by F.A. Steiger and built in 1907. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The listing included one other historically contributing building. It is a two-story 32 by 44 feet building.

text:
# Vacaville Town Hall

**Vacaville Town Hall** also known as **Old Town Hall** is a historic building in Vacaville, California, United States. It was designed by F.A. Steiger and built in 1907. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The listing included one other historically contributing building.

It is a two-story 32 by 44 feet (9.8 m × 13.4 m) building.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Vacaville Town Hall or Old Town Hall | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 620 E. Main St., Vacaville, California |
| Coordinates | 38°21′23″N 121°59′5″W / 38.35639°N 121.98472°W / 38.35639; -121.98472 |
| Area | 0.1 acres (0.040 ha) |
| Built | 1907 (1907) |
| Architect | Steiger, F.A. |
| NRHP reference No. | 78000799 |
| Added to NRHP | September 18, 1978 |


abstract: As minor planet discoveries are confirmed, they are given a permanent number by the IAU's Minor Planet Center (MPC), and the discoverers can then submit names for them, following the IAU's naming conventions. The list below concerns those minor planets in the specified number-range that have received names, and explains the meanings of those names. Official naming citations of newly named small Solar System bodies are approved and published in a bulletin by IAU's Working Group for Small Bodies Nomenclature (WGSBN). Before May 2021, citations were published in MPC's Minor Planet Circulars for many decades. Recent citations can also be found on the JPL Small-Body Database (SBDB). Until his death in 2016, German astronomer Lutz D. Schmadel compiled these citations into the Dictionary of Minor Planet Names (DMP) and regularly updated the collection. Based on Paul Herget's The Names of the Minor Planets, Schmadel also researched the unclear origin of numerous asteroids, most of which had been named prior to World War II. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: SBDB New namings may only be added to this list below after official publication as the preannouncement of names is condemned. The WGSBN publishes a comprehensive guideline for the naming rules of non-cometary small Solar System bodies.

text:
# Meanings of minor planet names: 132001–133000

As minor planet discoveries are confirmed, they are given a permanent number by the IAU's Minor Planet Center (MPC), and the discoverers can then submit names for them, following the IAU's naming conventions. The list below concerns those minor planets in the specified number-range that have received names, and explains the meanings of those names.

Official naming citations of newly named small Solar System bodies are approved and published in a bulletin by IAU's Working Group for Small Bodies Nomenclature (WGSBN). Before May 2021, citations were published in MPC's *Minor Planet Circulars* for many decades. Recent citations can also be found on the JPL Small-Body Database (SBDB). Until his death in 2016, German astronomer Lutz D. Schmadel compiled these citations into the *Dictionary of Minor Planet Names* (DMP) and regularly updated the collection.

Based on Paul Herget's *The Names of the Minor Planets*, Schmadel also researched the unclear origin of numerous asteroids, most of which had been named prior to World War II.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: SBDB New namings may only be *added to this list below after official publication* as the preannouncement of names is condemned. The WGSBN publishes a comprehensive guideline for the naming rules of non-cometary small Solar System bodies.

## 132001–132100

| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 132005 Scottmcgregor | 2002 CN99 | Scott A. McGregor (born 1956), Chief Executive, first president and chairman of the Broadcom Foundation, supported the Broadcom MASTERS, a Society for Science & the Public program, that inspires middle schools students worldwide to participate in a science competition. | JPL **·** 132005 |

## 132101–132200

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 132201–132300

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 132301–132400

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 132329 Tomandert | 2002 GL31 | Thomas P. Andert (b. 1973), a German planetary scientist from the University of Bundeswehr Munich in Germany. | IAU **·** 132329 |

## 132401–132500

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 132445 Gaertner | 2002 GD178 | Christian Gärtner (1705–1782), German craftsman, merchant, amateur astronomer, and astronomy populariser | JPL **·** 132445 |

## 132501–132600

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 132524 APL | 2002 JF56 | The Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL), developers of numerous space missions, including NEAR Shoemaker and many others | JPL **·** 132524 |

## 132601–132700

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 132661 Carlbaeker | 2002 LO60 | Carl Wilhelm Baeker (1819–1882), German watchmaker and amateur astronomer, discoverer and co-discoverer of six comets | JPL **·** 132661 |

## 132701–132800

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 132718 Kemény | 2002 ON27 | John George Kemeny or *Kemény János György* (1926–1992), Hungarian-born American mathematician, co-developer of the BASIC programming language | JPL **·** 132718 |
| 132719 Lambey | 2002 PF | Bernard Lambey (born 1934), French animator and popularizer of astronomy, co-founder of the *Astronomical Society of Montpellier* | JPL **·** 132719 |
| 132791 Jeremybauman | 2002 PY149 | Jeremy A. Bauman (b. 1983), an American engineer at KinetX Aerospace. | IAU **·** 132791 |
| 132792 Scottsmith | 2002 PB152 | P. Scott Smith (born 1922), American physics teacher, primarily responsible for inspiring the discoverer to become an astronomer | JPL **·** 132792 |
| 132798 Kürti | 2002 PU167 | Stefan Kürti (born 1960), Slovakian amateur astronomer and discoverer of minor planets | JPL **·** 132798 |

## 132801–132900

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 132820 Miskotte | 2002 QX65 | Koen Miskotte (born 1962), Dutch confectioner and amateur astronomer, active within the *Dutch Meteor Society* | JPL **·** 132820 |
| 132824 Galamb | 2002 QE79 | József Galamb (1881–1955), a Hungarian-American mechanical engineer | JPL **·** 132824 |
| 132825 Shizu-Mao | 2002 QT85 | Ye Mao (Shiqing; 1231–1322), Chinese chief executive of Zibei County (now Wenchang City), Shizu ("earliest ancestor") of the discoverer Ye Quan-Zhi | JPL **·** 132825 |
| 132874 Latinovits | 2002 RV118 | Zoltán Latinovits (1931–1976), a Hungarian actor. This minor planet was discovered on the actor's 71st birth anniversary, on 9 September 2002. | JPL **·** 132874 |

## 132901–133000

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 132903 Edgibson | 2002 RG234 | Edward Gibson (born 1936) was one of the first scientist-astronauts, selected for NASA Group 4 in 1965. He was CAPCOM for Apollo 12 and science pilot for Skylab 4, setting a new spaceflight record and conducting landmark solar research. Ed is also a noted author and U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame inductee. | IAU **·** 132903 |
| 132904 Notkin | 2002 RB237 | Geoffrey Notkin (born 1961), co-host of the popular Science Channel series *Meteorite Men* | JPL **·** 132904 |

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title: Lizotte Creek

abstract: Lizotte Creek is a meltwater stream, 2,000 metres (2,200 yd) long, flowing southeastwards from the extreme southwestern tip of Matterhorn Glacier to the northeast end of Lake Bonney in Taylor Valley, Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in 1996 after Michael P. Lizotte, a biologist at the University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh, who studied algal physiology and ecology in perennially ice-covered lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys area from 1985 to 2008.

text:
# Lizotte Creek

**Lizotte Creek** (77°42′S 162°29′E / 77.700°S 162.483°E / -77.700; 162.483) is a meltwater stream, 2,000 metres (2,200 yd) long, flowing southeastwards from the extreme southwestern tip of Matterhorn Glacier to the northeast end of Lake Bonney in Taylor Valley, Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in 1996 after Michael P. Lizotte, a biologist at the University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh, who studied algal physiology and ecology in perennially ice-covered lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys area from 1985 to 2008.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Lizotte Creek". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.


title: Piano Bass Drums

abstract: Piano Bass Drums is the fifth album and first live album by Australian improvised music trio The Necks released on the Fish of Milk label in 1998. The album features a single track titled "Unheard", performed by Chris Abrahams, Lloyd Swanton and Tony Buck recorded in concert at The Basement in Sydney, Australia.

text:
# Piano Bass Drums

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***Piano Bass Drums*** is the fifth album and first live album by Australian improvised music trio The Necks released on the Fish of Milk label in 1998. The album features a single track titled "Unheard", performed by Chris Abrahams, Lloyd Swanton and Tony Buck recorded in concert at The Basement in Sydney, Australia.

## Reception

The album was nominated for Jazz album of the Year in the 1998 ABC Classic FM awards. At the APRA Music Awards of 1999 "Unheard" won Most Performed Jazz Work.

## Track listing

All compositions by The Necks

1. "Unheard" - 53:24

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Piano Bass Drums | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by The Necks | |
| Released | 1998 |
| Recorded | September 25, 1996 |
| Venue | The Basement, Sydney, Australia |
| Genre | Improvised music |
| Length | 53:24 |
| Label | Fish of Milk |
| The Necks chronology | |
| *Silent Night*
(1996) ***Piano Bass Drums***
(1998) *The Boys*
(1998) | |


title: Mark Whiting

abstract: Mark Randolph Whiting is an American writer, director, designer and actor.

text:
# Mark Whiting

**Mark Randolph Whiting** (born July 4, 1964) is an American writer, director, designer and actor.

## Early life and education

Whiting was born in Birmingham, Michigan and raised in Michigan. He was interested in arts from an early age of three, and was already making films by the time he was ten. He is the grandson of Oscar Lundin, who was Vice Chairman of General Motors, and the nephew of pilot Hugh Ferguson, who flew one of the B-29's which bombed Nagasaki.

Whiting waited several years to be called by Detroit Tigers, but finally decided to move to California and attend the Art Center College of Design, which he attended with Michael Bay, Roger Avery, and Tarsem Singh.

## Career

In 1989, after he had graduated from the college, Whiting began his career as an editorial/book cover illustrator. He later combined his loves of art and film, by becoming an art director and production designer at Warner Bros. However, he was dissatisfied, and left years later, to write his own work, including the award-winning 2003 live-action short film *Apple Jack*.

Whiting, now represented by the Creative Artists Agency, is currently writing and directing his first live-action feature film with the help of Edward Saxon, the award-winning producer of *Silence of the Lambs*.

## Achievements

Whiting was a top-finalist in *Project Greenlight*.

### Awards and nominations

* Film Festival awards
    + Won, L.A. Shorts Fest, 2003, (for *Apple Jack*)
    + Won, Deep Ellum Film Festival, 2004, for Best Short Film (*Apple Jack*)
    + Won, Deep Ellum Film Festival, 2004, for Best Comedy Short (*Apple Jack*)
* Annie awards
    + Nominated, 1999, for Outstanding Individual Achievement for Production Design in an Animated Feature Production (*The Iron Giant*)
    + Nominated, 2004, for Outstanding Production Design in an Animated Television Production (*Duck Dodgers*)
    + Nominated, 2005, for Production Design in an Animated Television Production (*Duck Dodgers*)

## Credits

### Directing

### Writing

* *Apple Jack* (2004)

### Acting

### Art designing

## InfoBox

| Mark Whiting | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1964-07-04) July 4, 1964<br>Birmingham, Michigan |
| Occupation(s) | Television, film, art designer |


title: Zoo.gr

abstract: Zoo.gr is a social networking and online games website, which is placed among the top 10 most visited sites in Greece, and is the largest Greek social networking site. The company was founded in 2004. In December 2008, Zoo claimed to have recorded a total number of 900.000 unique visitors.

text:
# Zoo.gr

**Zoo.gr** is a social networking and online games website, which is placed among the top 10 most visited sites in Greece (among people who have the Alexa toolbar installed on their browser), and is the largest Greek social networking site. The company was founded in 2004. In December 2008, Zoo claimed to have recorded a total number of 900.000 unique visitors.

## Features

Zoo.gr has a desktop layout, i.e. users can use desktop icons and windows, similar to their desktop in Microsoft windows. They can also create an online profile (in which they can add photos and videos) and add other users to their friends list so that they can stay connected online.

While users are online, they can use an in-site application to exchange mails with each other, join the chat, read news through FanClubs, an internal site application which reproduced news items from various websites, or play games, either single-player or multiplayer. All games are programmed in flash and include very simple and common games like chess, crosswords, backgammon, pool table, poker, blackjack etc.

## Zoo Coins

Zoo.gr has a kind of “currency” inside of it, which allows users to buy services such as more profile search options, profile picture in “Person of the Week” and game tournaments bet with other users.

* Zoo \- Official Website

## InfoBox

Zoo.gr
| Type of site | Social network service, Online games service |
| --- | --- |
| Available in | Greek |
| Headquarters | Athens, Greece |
| Owner | Zoo Bytes |
| Created by | Michalis Nafpliotis, Dimitris Mpanis, Costas Chatzikokolakis |
| URL | www.zoo.gr |
| Commercial | Yes |
| Registration | Required |
| Launched | April 22, 2004 (April 22, 2004) |
| Current status | Active |


title: May–Thurner syndrome

abstract: May–Thurner syndrome (MTS), also known as the iliac vein compression syndrome, is a condition in which compression of the common venous outflow tract of the left lower extremity may cause discomfort, swelling, pain or iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis. Specifically, the problem is due to left common iliac vein compression by the overlying right common iliac artery. This leads to stasis of blood, which predisposes to the formation of blood clots. Uncommon variations of MTS have been described, such as the right common iliac vein getting compressed by the right common iliac artery. In the twenty-first century, the May–Thurner syndrome definition has been expanded to a broader disease profile known as nonthrombotic iliac vein lesions (NIVL) which can involve both the right and left iliac veins as well as multiple other named venous segments. This syndrome frequently manifests as pain when the limb is dependent and/or significant swelling of the whole limb.

text:
# May–Thurner syndrome

**May–Thurner syndrome** (**MTS**), also known as the **iliac vein compression syndrome**, is a condition in which compression of the common venous outflow tract of the left lower extremity may cause discomfort, swelling, pain or iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis.

Specifically, the problem is due to left common iliac vein compression by the overlying right common iliac artery. This leads to stasis of blood, which predisposes to the formation of blood clots. Uncommon variations of MTS have been described, such as the right common iliac vein getting compressed by the right common iliac artery.

In the twenty-first century, the May–Thurner syndrome definition has been expanded to a broader disease profile known as nonthrombotic iliac vein lesions (NIVL) which can involve both the right and left iliac veins as well as multiple other named venous segments. This syndrome frequently manifests as pain when the limb is dependent (hanging down the edge of a bed/chair) and/or significant swelling of the whole limb.

## Signs and symptoms

Because of its similarities to deep vein thrombosis (DVT), May–Thurner syndrome is rarely diagnosed amongst the general population. In this condition, the right iliac artery sequesters and compresses the left common iliac vein against the lumbar section of the spine, resulting in swelling of the legs and ankles, pain, tingling, and/or numbness in the legs and feet. The pain is often presented as dull, and may progress up and down the leg depending on the patient. Lower extremities may feel warm to the touch, and swelling may maintain or dissipate throughout the day.

## Mechanism

In contrast to the right common iliac vein, which ascends almost vertically to the inferior vena cava, the left common iliac vein traverses diagonally from left to right to enter the inferior vena cava. Along this course, it goes under the right common iliac artery, which may compress it against the lumbar spine and limit the flow of blood out of the left leg. There are case reports of the inferior vena cava being compressed by the iliac arteries or right-sided compression syndromes, but the vast majority are on the left side. While this is the suspected cause of the syndrome, the left iliac vein is frequently seen to be compressed in asymptomatic patients, and considered an anatomic variant. A 50% luminal compression of the left iliac vein occurs in a quarter of healthy individuals. Compression becomes clinically significant only if it causes appreciable hemodynamic changes in venous flow or venous pressure, or if it leads to acute or chronic deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

In addition to compression, the vein develops intraluminal fibrous *spurs* from the effects of the chronic pulsatile compressive force from the artery. The narrowed turbulent channel predisposes the patient to thrombosis. The compromised blood flow often causes collateral blood vessels to form. These are most often horizontal transpelvis collaterals, connecting both internal iliac veins, thus creating outflow through the right common iliac vein. Sometimes vertical collaterals are formed, most often paralumbar, which can cause neurological symptoms, like tingling and numbness.

This compressed, narrowed outflow channel causes stasis of the blood, which is one element of Virchow's triad that precipitates DVT.

## Diagnosis

It is important to consider May–Thurner syndrome in patients who have no other obvious reason for hypercoagulability and who present with left lower extremity thrombosis. To rule out other causes for hypercoagulation, it may be appropriate to check the antithrombin, protein C, protein S, factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A, and antiphospholipid antibodies.

Venography will demonstrate the classical syndrome when causing deep venous thrombosis.

May–Thurner syndrome in the broader disease profile, known as nonthrombotic iliac vein lesions (NIVLs), exists in the symptomatic ambulatory patient and these lesions are usually not seen by venography. Morphologically, intravascular ultrasound has emerged as the best current tool in the broader sense. Functional testing such as duplex ultrasound, venous and interstitial pressure measurement and plethysmography may sometimes be beneficial. Compression of the left common iliac vein may be seen on pelvic CT scan.

## Treatment

Management of the underlying defect is proportional to the severity of the clinical presentation. Leg swelling and pain is best evaluated by vascular specialists (vascular surgeons, interventional cardiologists, and interventional radiologists) who both diagnose and treat arterial and venous diseases to ensure that the cause of the extremity pain is evaluated. The diagnosis needs to be confirmed with some sort of imaging that may include magnetic resonance venography, venogram and usually confirmed with intravascular ultrasound because the flattened vein may not be noticed on conventional venography. In order to prevent prolonged swelling or pain from the consequences of the backed up blood from the compressed iliac vein, flow needs to be improved out of the leg. Uncomplicated cases may be managed with compression stockings.

Severe May–Thurner syndrome may require thrombolysis if there is a recent onset of thrombosis, followed by angioplasty and stenting of the iliac vein after confirming the diagnosis with a venogram or an intravascular ultrasound. A stent may be used to support the area from further compression following angioplasty. As the name implies, there classically is not a thrombotic component in these cases, but thrombosis may occur at any time.

If the patient has extensive thrombosis, it may be appropriate to consider pharmacologic and/or mechanical (also known as pharmacomechanical) thrombectomy. This is currently being studied to determine whether this will decrease the incidence of post-thrombotic syndrome.

## Epidemiology

May–Thurner syndrome is thought to represent between two and five percent of lower-extremity venous disorders. May–Thurner syndrome is often unrecognized. Current estimates are that this condition is three times more common in women than in men. The classic syndrome typically presents in the second to fourth decades of life. In the twenty-first century in a broader disease profile, the syndrome acts as a permissive lesion and becomes symptomatic when something else happens such as, following trauma, a change in functional status such as swelling following orthopaedic joint replacement.

## InfoBox

| May–Thurner syndrome | |
| --- | --- |
| Other names | Iliac vein compression syndrome |
|  | |
| Iliac veins | |
| Specialty | Vascular surgery |


title: Woltersdorf (Nuthe-Urstromtal) station

abstract: Woltersdorf (Nuthe-Urstromtal) station is a railway station in the municipality of Woltersdorf (Nuthe-Urstromtal), located in the Teltow-Fläming district in Brandenburg, Germany.

text:
# Woltersdorf (Nuthe-Urstromtal) station

**Woltersdorf (Nuthe-Urstromtal) station** is a railway station in the municipality of Woltersdorf (Nuthe-Urstromtal), located in the Teltow-Fläming district in Brandenburg, Germany.

## InfoBox

| Woltersdorf (Nuthe-Urstromtal) | |
| --- | --- |
| Hp | |
| 2018 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Anhaltstraße/Bahnhofstraße
14947 Nuthe-Urstromtal
Brandenburg
Germany |
| Coordinates | 52°07′03″N 13°11′43″E / 52.1174°N 13.1954°E / 52.1174; 13.1954 |
| Owned by | DB Netz |
| Operated by | DB Station&Service |
| Line(s) |  |
| Platforms | 2 side platforms |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Train operators | DB Regio Nordost |
| Other information | |
| Station code | 6877 |
| DS100 code | BWOL |
| IBNR | 8013345 |
| Category | 6 |
| Fare zone | VBB: 6453 |
| Website | www.bahnhof.de |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  DB Regio Nordost Following station  Trebbintowards Stralsund Hbf or Schwedt  RE 3  Luckenwaldetowards Jüterbog or Lutherstadt Wittenberg Hbf | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Woltersdorf (Nuthe-Urstromtal)Location within BrandenburgWoltersdorf (Nuthe-Urstromtal)Location within GermanyWoltersdorf (Nuthe-Urstromtal)Location within Europe | |