title: Potocki Psalter

abstract: Potocki Psalter is an illuminated French psalter from 13th century. The psalter was produced in Paris between 1225 and 1250, probably to be used in northern France. At the beginning of the 19th century it probably was purchased in Paris for Stanisław Kostka Potocki's Wilanów Library. In 1932 or 1933 the Branicki family donated the book to the National Library of Poland together with the Wilanów collection. In 1939 it was evacuated to Canada and returned to Poland in 1959. From May 2024, the manuscript is presented at a permanent exhibition in the Palace of the Commonwealth. The psalter is written in Latin and French on quality parchment in careful Gothic minuscule in one column. It contains 170 leaves, measuring 15,5x10,5 cm. The manuscript is regarded as one of the best works of Paris studios in the early Gothic period. It originally contained ten full-page miniatures depicting events from the life of Christ, but they were so valuable that some of them were cut out and are now in foreign museums. The copy in the National Library of Poland contains four miniatures: The Betrayal, Christ’s entry into Jerusalem, The Three Maries at the Tomb, and The Flagellation. The Crucifixion is now at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, and The Adoration of the Magi, The Offering in the Temple, The Flight to Egypt and The Baptism are in R.E. Hart's collection at the Blackburn Museum and Art Gallery. The manuscript is also ornamented with six figurative initials, small calligraphic initials and colourful interlines. The initials and miniatures were done by two different artists.

text:
# Potocki Psalter

**Potocki Psalter** (*Wilanów Psalter*) is an illuminated French psalter from 13th century.

The psalter was produced in Paris between 1225 and 1250, probably to be used in northern France. At the beginning of the 19th century it probably was purchased in Paris for Stanisław Kostka Potocki's Wilanów Library. In 1932 or 1933 the Branicki family donated the book to the National Library of Poland together with the Wilanów collection. In 1939 it was evacuated to Canada and returned to Poland in 1959. From May 2024, the manuscript is presented at a permanent exhibition in the Palace of the Commonwealth.

The psalter is written in Latin and French on quality parchment in careful Gothic minuscule in one column. It contains 170 leaves, measuring 15,5x10,5 cm.

The manuscript is regarded as one of the best works of Paris studios in the early Gothic period. It originally contained ten full-page miniatures depicting events from the life of Christ, but they were so valuable that some of them were cut out and are now in foreign museums. The copy in the National Library of Poland contains four miniatures: *The Betrayal*, *Christ’s entry into Jerusalem*, *The Three Maries at the Tomb*, and *The Flagellation*. *The Crucifixion* is now at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, and *The Adoration of the Magi*, *The Offering in the Temple*, *The Flight to Egypt* and *The Baptism* are in R.E. Hart's collection at the Blackburn Museum and Art Gallery. The manuscript is also ornamented with six figurative initials, small calligraphic initials and colourful interlines. The initials and miniatures were done by two different artists.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Potocki Psalter | |
| --- | --- |
| National Library of Poland | |
|  | |
| Also known as | Wilanow Psalter |
| Type | codex, psalter |
| Date | between 1225 and 1250 |
| Place of origin | Paris |
| Language(s) | Latin, French |
| Size | 15,5x10,5 cm, 170 leaves |
| Accession | Rps 8003 I |


title: News Media Association

abstract: The News Media Association is a trade body which styles itself as "the voice of national, regional and local news media organisations in the UK". It was created in 2014 by a merger between the Newspaper Society and the Newspaper Publishers' Association. The Newspaper Society, which represented local papers in the United Kingdom, was founded in 1836 and the Newspaper Publishers' Association, which represented national publishers, in 1904. The current chief executive is Owen Meredith. The NMA promotes the interests of news media publishers to government, regulatory authorities, industry bodies and other organisations whose work affects the industry. Members include The Sun, The Guardian, Daily Mail, Daily Mirror, Yorkshire Post, Kent Messenger, Monmouthshire Beacon and the Manchester Evening News. The organisation represents digital as well as print based media. It supports the Independent Publishers' Forum. The NMA's policy focuses on sustaining the news media sector as well as safeguarding press freedom in the UK. Current policy objectives include the introduction of short-term measures to support local news media's transition to a sustainable digital-first business model, as well as campaigning for the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumer Bill to be enacted without delay so as to give the Digital Markets Unit the powers it needs to tackle the structural problems caused by the tech platforms in the digital marketplace and bring about real reform to promote genuine competition. David Newell, former NMA CEO, was appointed an OBE in the Queen's Birthday Honours in June 2017 for services to the newspaper and publishing industries. In April 2020, the NMA announced it would be partnering with the Government on "a three-month advertising partnership to help keep the public safe and the nation united throughout the Covid-19 pandemic".

text:
# News Media Association

The **News Media Association** is a trade body which styles itself as "the voice of national, regional and local news media organisations in the UK". It was created in 2014 by a merger between the **Newspaper Society** and the **Newspaper Publishers' Association**. The Newspaper Society, which represented local papers in the United Kingdom, was founded in 1836 and the Newspaper Publishers' Association, which represented national publishers, in 1904. The current chief executive is Owen Meredith.

The NMA promotes the interests of news media publishers to government, regulatory authorities, industry bodies and other organisations whose work affects the industry. Members include The Sun, The Guardian, Daily Mail, Daily Mirror, Yorkshire Post, Kent Messenger, Monmouthshire Beacon and the Manchester Evening News. The organisation represents digital as well as print based media. It supports the Independent Publishers' Forum.

The NMA's policy focuses on sustaining the news media sector as well as safeguarding press freedom in the UK. Current policy objectives include the introduction of short-term measures to support local news media's transition to a sustainable digital-first business model, as well as campaigning for the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumer Bill to be enacted without delay so as to give the Digital Markets Unit the powers it needs to tackle the structural problems caused by the tech platforms in the digital marketplace and bring about real reform to promote genuine competition.

David Newell, former NMA CEO, was appointed an OBE in the Queen's Birthday Honours in June 2017 for services to the newspaper and publishing industries.

In April 2020, the NMA announced it would be partnering with the Government on "a three-month advertising partnership to help keep the public safe and the nation united throughout the Covid-19 pandemic".


abstract: Indian River High School is a high school in Chesapeake, Virginia. As of the 2018-19 school year, it had approximately 1700 students.

text:
# Indian River High School (Chesapeake, Virginia)

**Indian River High School** is a high school in Chesapeake, Virginia. As of the 2018-19 school year, it had approximately 1700 students.

## History

The school originally opened in the fall of 1963 for 7th graders. From that day forward they were always the 'seniors' at Indian River Junior High. In their Junior \['67-'68\] year the school board was petitioned and the school was upgraded to Indian River Senior High. There were approximately 185 students that graduated in 1969. Their dedication and pride got the school accredited. They set the traditions in motion. A mother of one of the students wrote the Alma Mater, they picked the school colors, the mascot. The original IRHS, which opened in 1967, was on Old Greenbrier Road, while construction on the current building took place. The single-story facility opened in winter 1972 on Dunbarton Road, receiving its own address of 1969 Braves Trail in the mid-1990s. The Old Greenbrier Road building currently serves as Indian River Middle School. The 1969 in the school's address refers to IRHS' first graduating class.

In 1995, overcrowding at Indian River forced the school to add an extension, known as the "new wing."

Starting in the summer of 2011, construction began to renovate and expand the school. Those renovations ended in time for the 2013-14 school year.

## Athletics

The school boasts several Southeastern District athletic titles, such as the two-year title-holding Academic Challenge team, as well as Eastern Region titles in football, and boys and girls basketball. The Braves enjoy a long rivalry with Oscar F. Smith High School, Great Bridge High School, and Deep Creek High School.

State championships:

State championship runners-up:

* Girls basketball, 2002-03 (34-1 record, also undefeated in district play, 14-0)
* Boys volleyball, 2017-18 (19-4 record)

## Notable alumni

## InfoBox

| Indian River High School | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 1969 Braves Trail
Chesapeake, Virginia 23325
United States | |
| Coordinates | 36°47′54″N 76°14′33″W / 36.7982°N 76.2426°W / 36.7982; -76.2426 |
| Information | |
| School type | Public high school |
| Founded | 1967 (original Old Greenbrier Road facility), 1972 (current location) |
| School district | Chesapeake City Public Schools |
| Superintendent | Jared A. Cotton |
| Principal | Naomi Dunbar |
| Teaching staff | 112.18 (FTE) |
| Grades | 912 |
| Enrollment | 1,706 (2018-19) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 15.21 |
| Language | English |
| Campus | Suburban |
| Color(s) | Columbia Blue, Navy Blue and White |
| Athletics conference | Virginia High School League
AAA Eastern Region
Southeastern District |
| Mascot | Brave |
| Rival | Oscar F. Smith High School
Great Bridge High School
Deep Creek High School
Grassfield High School |
| Communities served | Norfolk Highlands
Indian River Estates
Georgetown Colony
Georgetown Point
Georgetown East
Ipswich
Holly Glenn
Holly Point |
| Feeder schools | Greenbrier Middle and Indian River Middle |
| Website | www.cpschools.com/Schools/IRH/index.html |


title: Mick Cooke

abstract: Mick Cooke is a Scottish multi-instrumentalist who was the trumpet player of the indie band Belle & Sebastian for fifteen years before leaving in 2013 to concentrate on composing full-time. Besides the trumpet, Cooke plays other brass instruments, including the French horn, and occasionally plays electric guitar and bass live. Cooke was a founding member of Belle & Sebastian, although he did not officially join until their third album. Whilst he was known to sing at some concerts, the only official Belle & Sebastian release with Cooke on lead vocals is "The Monkeys Are Breaking Out of The Zoo", from the charity compilation Colours Are Brighter. Cooke also plays in the ska band The Amphetameanies and appeared on the 2007 Idlewild album, Make Another World. He has worked as an arranger for artists such as Franz Ferdinand, Phil Cunningham, and Jason Donovan. He is said to have had an influence on other Scottish-based bands, including Franz Ferdinand, whose members appeared in Belle & Sebastian's enigmatic early promotional photographs. Cooke now composes music for films, theatre, and animations. He worked as composer on Boj for CBeebies, and on Zack & Quack for Nick Jr. His theatre work includes the score for Cannibal Women Of Mars which played at the Tron Theatre in Glasgow in 2013.

text:
# Mick Cooke

**Mick Cooke** (born 15 December 1973) is a Scottish multi-instrumentalist who was the trumpet player of the indie band Belle & Sebastian for fifteen years before leaving in 2013 to concentrate on composing full-time.

Besides the trumpet, Cooke plays other brass instruments, including the French horn, and occasionally plays electric guitar and bass live.

Cooke was a founding member of Belle & Sebastian, although he did not officially join until their third album (he was prevented from doing so because his other band, Hardbody, was under contract with Sony). Whilst he was known to sing at some concerts (including a rendition of "This Guy's In Love With You"), the only official Belle & Sebastian release with Cooke on lead vocals is "The Monkeys Are Breaking Out of The Zoo", from the charity compilation *Colours Are Brighter*.

Cooke also plays in the ska band The Amphetameanies and appeared on the 2007 Idlewild album, *Make Another World*. He has worked as an arranger for artists such as Franz Ferdinand, Phil Cunningham, and Jason Donovan. He is said to have had an influence on other Scottish-based bands, including Franz Ferdinand (who incidentally were given a bass guitar by Mick, leading to the formation of the band), whose members appeared in Belle & Sebastian's enigmatic early promotional photographs.

Cooke now composes music for films, theatre, and animations. He worked as composer on *Boj* for CBeebies, and on *Zack & Quack* for Nick Jr. His theatre work includes the score for *Cannibal Women Of Mars* which played at the Tron Theatre in Glasgow in 2013.

## InfoBox

| Mick Cooke | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1973-12-15) 15 December 1973 |
| Genres | Indie pop |
| Occupation | Musician |
| Instrument(s) | Trumpet, French horn, electric guitar, bass guitar |
|  | |
| Website | www.toomanycookes.co.uk |


title: Germán Quintana

abstract: Germán Pablo Quintana Peña is a Chilean politician who served as minister of State and as intendant.

text:
# Germán Quintana

**Germán Pablo Quintana Peña** (born 1 May 1960) is a Chilean politician who served as minister of State and as intendant.

## InfoBox

| Germán Quintana | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Minister of Social Development | |
| **In office**
19 May 1998  11 March 2000 | |
| President | Eduardo Frei Ruíz-Tagle |
| Preceded by | Roberto Pizarro Hofer |
| Succeeded by | Alejandra Krauss |
| Intendant of the Santiago Metropolitan Region | |
| **In office**
7 August 1996  19 May 1998 | |
| Appointed by | Eduardo Frei Ruíz-Tagle |
| Preceded by | Álex Figueroa Muñoz |
| Succeeded by | Ernesto Velasco |
| Undersecretary of Public Works | |
| **In office**
11 March 1994  7 August 1996 | |
| Appointed by | Eduardo Frei Ruíz-Tagle |
| Preceded by | Juan Enrique Miquel |
| Succeeded by | Guillermo Pickering |
| President of the University of Chile Student Federation | |
| **In office**
1986–1988 | |
| Preceded by | Humberto Burotto |
| Succeeded by | Andrés Lastra |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1960-05-01) 1 May 1960
Santiago, Chile |
| Political party |  |
| Alma mater |  |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Profession | Civil engineer |
|  | |


title: Portrait of a Man in a Red Hat

abstract: Portrait of a Man in a Red Hat is a 1465–1470 oil on oak panel painting by Hans Memling, one of the first portraits he produced in Bruges, with similarities to his Portrait of a Man - its subject is unknown. It has some similarities to portraits by Jan van Eyck and Rogier van der Weyden, though the fictive stone frame is Memling's invention. In 1823 it was bought by L.J. Nieuwenhuys, who later sold it to prince William of Orange. It was bought at the auction of William's collection in 1850 by its present owner, the Städelsches Kunstinstitut und Städtische Galerie, in Frankfurt am Main.

text:
# Portrait of a Man in a Red Hat

***Portrait of a Man in a Red Hat*** is a 1465–1470 oil on oak panel painting by Hans Memling, one of the first portraits he produced in Bruges, with similarities to his *Portrait of a Man* \- its subject is unknown. It has some similarities to portraits by Jan van Eyck and Rogier van der Weyden, though the fictive stone frame is Memling's invention.

In 1823 it was bought by L.J. Nieuwenhuys, who later sold it to prince William of Orange. It was bought at the auction of William's collection in 1850 by its present owner, the Städelsches Kunstinstitut und Städtische Galerie, in Frankfurt am Main.

## Sources

* (in Dutch) Till-Holger Borchert, *De portretten van Memling* (tentoonstelling Brugge 2005), Ludion, 2005 (nummer 1), p. 151.


title: Zeyaur Khan

abstract: Zeyaur R. Khan is a professor and the principal scientist at International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe). He has dedicated his 30-year career as an international agricultural scientist to advancing the science and practice of agriculture by studying and applying chemical ecology, behavior, plant-plant and insect-plant interactions to improve farm productivity to combat poverty and food insecurity in Africa. He is responsible for the discovery and wide scale implementation of a pro-poor scientific innovation for enhancing food security and environmental sustainability in Africa]. This was achieved through the biologically-based IPM technology called "Push-Pull", developed for small-holder cereal-livestock African farmers. Prof. Khan’s work is an example demonstrating that creativity and innovation in science can provide practical solutions for the real problems of thousands of small-holder poor farmers and promote their food security and sustainable livelihoods.

text:
# Zeyaur Khan

**Zeyaur R. Khan** is a professor and the principal scientist at International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe). He has dedicated his 30-year career as an international agricultural scientist to advancing the science and practice of agriculture by studying and applying chemical ecology, behavior, plant-plant and insect-plant interactions to improve farm productivity to combat poverty and food insecurity in Africa. He is responsible for the discovery and wide scale implementation of a pro-poor scientific innovation for enhancing food security and environmental sustainability in Africa\]. This was achieved through the biologically-based IPM technology called "Push-Pull", developed for small-holder cereal-livestock African farmers. Prof. Khan’s work is an example demonstrating that creativity and innovation in science can provide practical solutions for the real problems of thousands of small-holder poor farmers and promote their food security and sustainable livelihoods.

## Career

## Appointments

## Recent Awards and Recognitions


title: Mathurin Rodier

abstract: Mathurin Rodier or Mathelin Rodier was a French architect born around 1410 and died around 1484. He was the architect of the Saint-Pierre-et-Saint-Paul of Nantes Cathedral for at least 36 years, starting no later than 1444 and ending no earlier than 1480.

text:
# Mathurin Rodier

**Mathurin Rodier** or **Mathelin Rodier** was a French architect born around 1410 and died around 1484. He was the architect of the Saint-Pierre-et-Saint-Paul of Nantes Cathedral for at least 36 years, starting no later than 1444 and ending no earlier than 1480.

## Biography

The information regarding Mathurin Rodier (also known as Mathelin Rodier) is fragmentary. We know he was coming to Nantes from Tours, where he had a brother, Jean Rodier, and that in 1484, he was married to Édeline Ponset

Il travaille sur le chantier de la cathédrale Saint-Gatien de Tours under the direction of Jean de Dammartin between 1431 and 1434, to a position equivalent to that of Jean Benoist and Huguet of Dammartin, son of Jean. Before 1444 he went to Nantes, where he took charge of several building sites, on the Saint-Nicolas gate, the Basilique Saint-Nicolas de Nantes, the cathedral, the Château des ducs de Bretagne, the Collégiale Notre-Dame de Nantes.

The presence of Mathurin Rodier at the head of the Nantes cathedral site is attested in 1444, with the charge of maistre masson. Most of the few writings concerning him still preserved relate to his emoluments. While managing the site, he was obliged to perform periods of city guard (according to a 1468 text), an obligation instituted by the municipality. A document from 1477 shows that Rodier was exempted from this charge in return for payment.

In 1480 the canons in charge of supervising the building site decided to add Jean Le Maître to Mathurin Rodier, then approximately 70 years old. His ageing is undoubtedly the cause of this novelty, and in the same year the load of the building site was withdrawn, at the end of a remarkably long period for the time. The last written record of Rodier is of an anniversary he and his wife celebrated at Saint-Laurent Church on August 6 or 9, 1484. So he died after that date, most likely in Nantes.

## Works

As main contractor:

Other participations:

## Bibliography

* Guillouët, Jean-Marie (2003). *Les Portails de la cathédrale de Nantes; un grand programme sculpté du XVe et son public*. Art et société (in French). Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes. p. 303. ISBN 2-86847-791-7.


title: Potocki–Shaffer syndrome

abstract: Potocki–Shaffer syndrome (PSS), also known as DEFECT11 syndrome or chromosome 11p11.2 deletion syndrome, is a rare contiguous gene syndrome that results from the microdeletion of section 11.2 on the short arm of chromosome 11 (11p11.2). The syndrome has its name from Dr. Lorraine (Lori) Potocki and Dr. Lisa Shaffer who discovered the deletion on the 11th chromosome and studied the impacts. The deletion of this combination of genes results in several distinctive congenital features, occasional defects in the heart, kidneys, and urinary tract. The disorder is associated with an enlarged parietal foramina which can cause openings in the two bones that form the top and sides of the skull. These abnormal openings form extra "soft spots" on the head, in addition to the two that newborns normally have, and unlike the usual newborn soft spots, the enlarged parietal foramina remain open throughout life. Other signs can include multiple mostly noncancerous benign bone tumours called osteochondromas (exostosis), developmental delay, vision disorders and craniofacial abnormalities. It is classified as a rare disease.

text:
# Potocki–Shaffer syndrome

**Potocki–Shaffer syndrome (PSS)**, also known as **DEFECT11 syndrome** or **chromosome 11p11.2 deletion syndrome**, is a rare contiguous gene syndrome that results from the microdeletion of section 11.2 on the short arm of chromosome 11 (11p11.2). The syndrome has its name from Dr. Lorraine (Lori) Potocki and Dr. Lisa Shaffer who discovered the deletion on the 11th chromosome and studied the impacts.

The deletion of this combination of genes results in several distinctive congenital features, occasional defects in the heart, kidneys, and urinary tract. The disorder is associated with an enlarged parietal foramina which can cause openings in the two bones that form the top and sides of the skull. These abnormal openings form extra "soft spots" on the head, in addition to the two that newborns normally have, and unlike the usual newborn soft spots, the enlarged parietal foramina remain open throughout life. Other signs can include multiple mostly noncancerous benign bone tumours called osteochondromas (exostosis), developmental delay, vision disorders and craniofacial abnormalities. It is classified as a rare disease.

## Signs and symptoms

The signs and symptoms of Potocki–Shaffer syndrome vary widely. In addition to multiple osteochondromas and enlarged parietal foramina, affected individuals often have intellectual disability and delayed development of speech, motor skills (such as sitting and walking), and social skills. Many people with this condition have distinctive facial features, which can include a wide, short skull (brachycephaly); a prominent forehead; a narrow bridge of the nose; a shortened distance between the nose and upper lip (a short philtrum); and a downturned mouth. Less commonly, Potocki–Shaffer syndrome causes vision problems, additional skeletal abnormalities, and defects in the heart, kidneys, and urinary tract.

## Genetics

Potocki–Shaffer syndrome follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, which means a deletion of genetic material from one copy of chromosome 11 is sufficient to cause the disorder. In some cases, an affected person inherits the chromosome with a deleted segment from an affected parent. More commonly, the condition results from a deletion that occurs during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs and sperm) in a parent or in early fetal development. These cases occur in people with no history of the disorder in their family.

## Diagnosis

Potocki–Shaffer syndrome can be detected through array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH).

## Management

Some symptoms can be managed with drug therapy, surgery and rehabilitation, genetic counselling, and palliative care.

## InfoBox

| Potocki–Shaffer syndrome | |
| --- | --- |
| Other names | Proximal 11p deletion syndrome, DEFECT11 syndrome |


title: Padre Arrupe School

abstract: Padre Arrupe School is a school of the Society of Jesus through its society Antônio Vieira Association, in Teresina, Brazil. It offers education to socially vulnerable children between the ages of two and six.

text:
# Padre Arrupe School

**Padre Arrupe School** is a school of the Society of Jesus through its society Antônio Vieira Association, in Teresina, Brazil. It offers education to socially vulnerable children between the ages of two and six.

## History

In 1989, the Jesuit-run Diocesan College extended its outreach to settlers in the Favela da Prainha, Teresina (PI). This led to the founding of the "Pedro Arrupe Social Center", which provided assistance to children, youth and adults.

In 2003 the work had grown that there was need for a larger school facility. The charity Padre Pedro Arrupe Maternal and Child School (EMIPA) was set up in the Portal da Alegria region of about 15 neighborhoods.

The school accommodates 400 children, ages two to five years, from low-income families. Since July 2011 it is being assisted by the NGO National Association of Instruction (ANI). In 2015, the "Antônio Vieira Association" adopted the school and the first year of elementary school was added to the program. The school also took on the shortened name, Padre Arrupe School.

5°11′19.38″S 42°44′49.83″W / 5.1887167°S 42.7471750°W / -5.1887167; -42.7471750

## InfoBox

Padre Arrupe School
|
|  |
| Established | 2003 (2003) |
| Type | Ages two through six |
| Location |  |
| Parent organization | Antônio Vieira Association |
| Affiliations | Jesuit, Catholic |
| Website | ArrupeTeresina |


title: Severn, Maryland

abstract: Severn is a census-designated place (CDP) in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, United States. According to the 2020 U.S. census, the population of Severn is 57,118, a 22.6% increase from 44,231 in 2010. The zip code is 21144.

text:
# Severn, Maryland

**Severn** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, United States. According to the 2020 U.S. census, the population of Severn is 57,118, a 22.6% increase from 44,231 in 2010. The zip code is 21144.

## Geography

Severn is located at 39°7′58″N 76°41′38″W / 39.13278°N 76.69389°W / 39.13278; -76.69389 (39.132841, 76.694002) in northwestern Anne Arundel County. It is bordered by Hanover to the north, Glen Burnie to the east, Odenton and Millersville to the south, and Fort George G. Meade to the west. The Baltimore–Washington Parkway (Maryland Route 295) forms the northwestern edge of the CDP, Maryland Route 176 (Dorsey Road) forms the northern edge, and Interstate 97 forms the eastern edge. Part of the southern boundary of the CDP is formed by the non-tidal portion of the Severn River. The Maryland Route 100 freeway runs through the northern part of the CDP, connecting the B-W Parkway and I-97.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 17.7 square miles (45.9 km2), all of it land.

Severn is also represented at the County Council level by Pete Smith.

### Climate

| Climate data for Severn, MD | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 42
(6) | 45
(7) | 54
(12) | 65
(18) | 74
(23) | 82
(28) | 86
(30) | 84
(29) | 77
(25) | 67
(19) | 56
(13) | 46
(8) | 65
(18) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 27
(−3) | 29
(−2) | 36
(2) | 45
(7) | 55
(13) | 63
(17) | 68
(20) | 66
(19) | 59
(15) | 48
(9) | 39
(4) | 32
(0) | 47
(8) |
| Source: WeatherSpark | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1980 | 20,147 |  |  |
| 1990 | 24,499 |  | 21.6% |
| 2000 | 35,076 |  | 43.2% |
| 2010 | 44,231 |  | 26.1% |
| 2020 | 57,118 |  | 29.1% |

In 2021, ACS estimated that 53,955 people lived in Severn, the racial breakdown of which is 46.8% White alone, 31.2% Black, 8.8% Asian, 7.6% Hispanic (of any race), 0.1% Native American, and 5.8% two or more races. The population density is 3,114.39 inhabitants per square mile (1,202.47/km2).

It was also estimated (as of 2021) that there are 21,106 housing units in Severn, with an average density of 1,150.82 per square mile (444.33/km2). The median household income is $115,481.

## Education

### Public schools

Students who live in Severn may attend any public high school in the Anne Arundel County Public Schools district. The high school feeder districts in Severn include Glen Burnie High School, Old Mill High School and Meade High School.

### Private schools

## Notable residents

## InfoBox

| Severn | |
| --- | --- |
| Census-designated place | |
| 2014 aerial photo of Severn | |
| Location of Severn, Maryland | |
| Coordinates: 39°7′58″N 76°41′38″W / 39.13278°N 76.69389°W / 39.13278; -76.69389 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Maryland |
| County | Anne Arundel |
| Area | |
| Total | 18.34 sq mi (47.50 km2) |
| Land | 18.34 sq mi (47.50 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 161 ft (49 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 57,118 |
| Density | 3,114.39/sq mi (1,202.48/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (EST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 21144 |
| Area code(s) | 410, 443, and 667 |
| FIPS code | 24-71150 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0591249 |


title: George Field, Illinois

abstract: George Field is a former World War II military airfield, located 5 miles east-northeast of Lawrenceville, Illinois. It operated as an advanced pilot training school for the United States Army Air Forces from 1942 until 1945.

text:
# George Field, Illinois

**George Field** is a former World War II military airfield, located 5 miles east-northeast of Lawrenceville, Illinois. It operated as an advanced pilot training school for the United States Army Air Forces from 1942 until 1945.

## History

George Field was authorized by the United States Army Air Corps in April 1942 as part of the expansion of pilot training bases by the Air Corps Flying Training Command as part of the 70,000 Pilot Training Program. It was one of many air fields created in the country's interior during the war. Construction of the facility began in June. The airfield consisted of four main 5,200 ft concrete and asphalt runways, aligned 01/19; 05/23; 09/27 and 13/31. In addition to the main airfield, four axillary fields were constructed to support the training mission. Those were located as follows

Additional airfields used by George Field for training were Atterbury Army Air Field, Indiana, and Sturgis Army Air Field, Kentucky, beginning in 1944 for combat troop carrier training.

Initially named “Lawrence Army Flying School”, the name was changed to honor General Harold H. George, who was killed in a ground accident at Batchelor Field, southeast of Darwin, Australia on 29 April 1942. He was killed when a Curtiss P-40 of the 49th Fighter Group lost directional control on takeoff and struck the parked Lockheed C-40 in which the General had just arrived at the base after escaping from the Philippines. General George had joined the Air Service, United States Army in 1917, and flew with the 139th Aero Squadron on the Western Front in France. In combat, he was credited with five aerial victories.

The school was opened on 10 August 1942 under the USAAF Eastern Flying Training Command, its mission to provide advanced (3d phase) pilot training in twin-engined aircraft. Training was conducted by the 30th Two Engine Flying Training Group using the Beechcraft AT-10 Wichita. Planes from George Field were fuselage-coded "GE".

Until the summer of 1944, George Field received cadets that had graduated from advanced flying training schools, primarily in the southeast and provided them upgrade training to twin engine aircraft. These pilots would go on to fly primarily medium bombers and transport planes after completing their training.

In late May 1943, severe flooding occurred in the Lawrence County area as a result of two weeks of almost ceaseless rain. George Field began to flood, causing the students and staff of the field to halt training and begin sandbagging the station area. It was impossible to get to either Lawrenceville or Vincennes, Indiana from the airfield except by boat when the levee broke on the Wabash River. Victory over the flood was celebrated at the Field with a holiday on 12 June.

By the summer of 1944, the need for C-47 Skytrain transport pilots was critical and Training Command transferred George Field to I Troop Carrier Command. The last Training Command class graduated on 4 August, and training activities were terminated on 15 August and jurisdiction was transferred. A change of mission was made and George Field was placed under the 805th Army Air Force Base Unit. Its training squadrons began training pilots for paratrooper drops and towing gliders. It also trained crews in combat re-supply and casualty evacuation procedures from rough forward airfields in the combat areas to hospitals in rear areas. In February 1945, training was changed from the C-47 to C-46 Commando transports.

With the end of World War II, training ended at George Field on 1 September 1945. and the field was placed on standby status. It was turned over to Air Technical Service Command (ATSC). ATSC's mission was to remove all usable military equipment from the property and dispose of items which no longer had a useful need. Like many other surplus airfields around the country, public sales were held to offer the material to the public. It was declared excess by the Army in 1946. George Field was conveyed though the War Assets Administration (WAA) to the City of Lawrenceville, Illinois on 16 November 1948 to establish a municipal airport.

## Current status

Today, the former training field is a general aviation airport, serving the local area. Three of the World War II runways remain in use as a main and as a crosswind runways. The massive parking apron remains, mostly unused, and sections of unused taxiways and runways remain, some partially removed for hardcore. The large station area is obliterated, with some of the wartime streets remaining as an airport access road and other agricultural roads; the buildings were long ago torn down or moved with a few concrete foundations remaining in the large grassy area. The military hangars on the flightline are gone, their concrete floors visible and exposed to the elements.

This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

## InfoBox

| George Field | |
| --- | --- |
| George Field, Illinois, 1956 | |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Serves | Lawrenceville, Illinois |
| Built | 1942 |
| In use | 1942-1945 |
| Coordinates | 38°45′51″N 87°36′20″W / 38.76417°N 87.60556°W / 38.76417; -87.60556 (George Field) |
| Map | |
| George FieldGeorge Field, Illinois | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  ft m  01/19 5,200 1,585 Asphalt  05/23 5,200 1,585 Asphalt  09/27 5,200 1,585 Asphalt  13/32 5,200 1,585 Asphalt | |


title: Michigan International Camporee

abstract: The Michigan International Camporee is a camporee attended by Scouts from the United States, Canada and other counties. It is hosted by the Michigan Crossroads Council of the Boy Scouts of America and is recognized by the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM). The theme is international friendship and fellowship. The Michigan International Camporee provides an opportunity for local and international Scouts to attend a Jamboree at a fraction of the cost of traditional International Scout Jamborees. One patrol of Scouts from any country outside the U.S. and Canada may attend free of charge. A small fee is charged for local Scouts and Venturers, but is still a fraction of the cost of participating in a World Scout Jamboree.

text:
# Michigan International Camporee

The **Michigan International Camporee** is a camporee attended by Scouts from the United States, Canada and other counties. It is hosted by the Michigan Crossroads Council of the Boy Scouts of America and is recognized by the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM). The theme is international friendship and fellowship.

The Michigan International Camporee provides an opportunity for local and international Scouts to attend a Jamboree at a fraction of the cost of traditional International Scout Jamborees. One patrol of Scouts from any country outside the U.S. and Canada may attend free of charge. A small fee is charged for local Scouts and Venturers, but is still a fraction of the cost of participating in a World Scout Jamboree.

## Frequency

Generally every four years (1997, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016), contingents of Scouts, both all boys and mixed boys and girls, from over 20 countries, gather for fun and various activities in Michigan. Scouts are hosted in various Michigan Communities and then come together to camp. The next Michigan International Camporee community hosting will be held from Monday July 17 to Sunday July 23. Scouts will then spend from Saturday July 23-Sunday July 31 at Trout Lake Subcamp of D-Bar-A Scout Ranch, 880 East Sutton Road, Metamora, Michigan.

## Activities

Events include music and dance performances, camping, campfires, pioneering, team building events, international cooking, scoutcraft, shooting sports, water sports, Native American activities, and international festival day.

## Participants

Past Michigan International Camporees have included contingents from:

Bonaire (2012)

Cruacao (2012)

Ethiopia (2012)

Republic of Korea, 2008, 2012)

Taiwan (2008, 2012)

## InfoBox

| Michigan International Camporee | |
| --- | --- |
| Owner | Michigan Crossroads Council |
| Location | Camp D-Bar-A |
|  | |
| **Website**<br>http://www.micamporee.org/ | |
|


title: Pozzo Strada (Turin Metro)

abstract: Pozzo Strada is a Turin Metro station, located in Corso Francia near Via Pozzo Strada and Via Gianfrancesco Re. The station was opened on 4 February 2006 as part of the inaugural section of Turin Metro, between Fermi and XVIII Dicembre. The platforms feature decals by Ugo Nespolo.

text:
# Pozzo Strada (Turin Metro)

**Pozzo Strada** is a Turin Metro station, located in Corso Francia near Via Pozzo Strada and Via Gianfrancesco Re. The station was opened on 4 February 2006 as part of the inaugural section of Turin Metro, between Fermi and XVIII Dicembre.

The platforms feature decals by Ugo Nespolo.

## Services

## InfoBox

| Pozzo Strada | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Corso Francia, Turin |
| Coordinates | 45°04′30″N 7°37′44″E / 45.07500°N 7.62889°E / 45.07500; 7.62889 |
| Owned by | GTT |
| Platforms | 2 |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Underground |
| Accessible | Yes |
| History | |
| Opened | 4 February 2006 |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station Turin Metro Following station  Massauatowards Fermi  Line 1  Monte Grappatowards Bengasi | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Zeybekler

abstract: Zeybekler is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Mezitli, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 169 (2022). It is situated in the southern slopes of the Taurus Mountains. It lies close to Kocayer village to the north. The distance to Mersin is about 40 kilometres (25 mi). Due to frequent landslides the village is planned to be relocated. The village is known as a fruit producer.

text:
# Zeybekler

**Zeybekler** is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Mezitli, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 169 (2022). It is situated in the southern slopes of the Taurus Mountains. It lies close to Kocayer village to the north. The distance to Mersin is about 40 kilometres (25 mi). Due to frequent landslides the village is planned to be relocated. The village is known as a fruit (especially peach) producer.

## InfoBox

| Zeybekler | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| ZeybeklerLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 36°52′N 34°20′E / 36.867°N 34.333°E / 36.867; 34.333 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Mersin |
| District | Mezitli |
| Elevation | 875 m (2,871 ft) |
| Population (2022) | 169 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
| Area code | 0324 |


title: Mathurin Robicheau

abstract: Mathurin Robicheau was a farmer and political figure in Nova Scotia. He represented Clare township from 1855 to 1859 and Digby County from 1859 to 1867 in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. He was the son of Aramand Robicheau and Rosalie Bourque. He served as a justice of the peace from 1856 to 1878. He was married twice: first to Charlotte Belliveau and then to Monique Comeau. In 1867, he was put in charge of the light station at Cape Ste. Marie. His brother Frederick A. Robicheau also served in the provincial assembly.

text:
# Mathurin Robicheau

**Mathurin Robicheau** ( after 1878) was a farmer and political figure in Nova Scotia. He represented Clare township from 1855 to 1859 and Digby County from 1859 to 1867 in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly.

He was the son of Aramand Robicheau and Rosalie Bourque. He served as a justice of the peace from 1856 to 1878. He was married twice: first to Charlotte Belliveau and then to Monique Comeau. In 1867, he was put in charge of the light station at Cape Ste. Marie.

His brother Frederick A. Robicheau also served in the provincial assembly.

* *A Directory of the Members of the Legislative Assembly of Nova Scotia, 1758-1958*, Public Archives of Nova Scotia (1958)


title: Potsdam Park Sanssouci station

abstract: Potsdam Park Sanssouci is a German railway station located in Potsdam, the capital city of Brandenburg, on the Berlin–Magdeburg railway. Named Potsdam Wildpark until 1999, it serves the Sanssouci Park and is famous for the Kaiserbahnhof building.

text:
# Potsdam Park Sanssouci station

**Potsdam Park Sanssouci** is a German railway station located in Potsdam, the capital city of Brandenburg, on the Berlin–Magdeburg railway. Named **Potsdam Wildpark** until 1999, it serves the Sanssouci Park and is famous for the *Kaiserbahnhof* building.

## History

The Wildpark station was built in 1868 on the new line linking Berlin to Magdeburg. At the beginning of the 20th century, after the opening of the bypass lines to Nauen (1902) and Jüterbog (1904), it was built a small rail hub. In 1909 the *Kaiserbahnof* (see the section below) was inaugurated for the private use of Kaiser Wilhelm II. From 1950, after the division of Germany, the station functioned in the Berlin outer ring (*Berliner Außenring*), and for some years was served by a holiday express train from Saxony to the Baltic Sea. After the completion of the Golm-Potsdam Pirschheide bypass of the *Außerring*, the station remained part of a short line to Potsdam Hauptbahnhof (in that period *Potsdam Stadt*), although still linked to Magdeburg and the ring. This line continued to Potsdam Babelsberg, but service to West Berlin was interrupted due to the construction of The Wall.

In the middle of the 1990s, some years after German reunification and the opening of the line Potsdam-Wannsee, the station was rebuilt and renewed. The old platforms and the little rail hub, built in the early 20th century, were demolished. In 1999, the new name "Park Sanssouci" initially applied for tourist traffic only, but took the place of "Wildpark" about one year later.

## Structure

The station is on an electrified line with two platforms serving three tracks.

### Kaiserbahnhof

The **Kaiserbahnhof Potsdam** is a railroad station near the New Palace (*Neues Palais*). Its construction was initiated in 1905 by German Emperor (*Kaiser*) Wilhelm II, and it was used as his private station. The first official guests were Theodore Roosevelt in 1910 and Tsar Nicholas II of Russia.

From 1939 it was used by the high command of the Luftwaffe and, during the Second World War, for the special train of Hermann Göring, who was Luftwaffe chief. After 1945, it was the terminus station of the *Blue Express*, a train used by the Soviet military command on the route MoscowBerlin.

Beginning in 1952, it was owned by the East German state railway company (Deutsche Reichsbahn) and subsequently used as a political school and cultural venue and for Transport Police (*Transportpolizei*) until its closure in 1977 due to deterioration.

In 1999, the building was added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Site.

On 16 June 2005, the station was reopened after restoration. The building is used as an academy for senior executives of the German national railway Deutsche Bahn and is usually not publicly accessible.

### Bürgerbahnhof

Apart from the Kaiserbahnhof, Park Sanssouci station has a second, minor building named Bürgerbahnhof used as a passenger reception hall. This wooden structure is a rare representative of station architecture from the 1860s. In front of it there is an entrance gate to the park named *Posttor*.

## Train services

Located on the Berlin-Potsdam-Magdeburg line and in a junction linking Potsdam to the Berlin outer ring, the station is served by regional trains linking it to Berlin and to several towns in Brandenburg, such as Brandenburg an der Havel, Frankfurt (Oder) and Fürstenwalde.

The station is served by the following services:

| Line | Route | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| RE 1 | MagdeburgBrandenburg**Park Sanssouci**PotsdamWannseeCharlottenburgZoologischer Garten – Berlin – OstbahnhofOstkreuzErknerFangschleuseHangelsbergFrankfurt | |
| RB 20 | OranienburgBirkenwerderHohen Neuendorf WestHennigsdorfGolm**Park Sanssouci**Charlottenhof – Potsdam – Potsdam Griebnitzsee | |
| RB 21 | Potsdam – Charlottenhof – **Park Sanssouci** – Golm – MarquardtPriortWustermarkElstalDallgow-DöberitzBerlin-StaakenBerlin-SpandauBerlin JungfernheideBerlin Gesundbrunnen | |
| RB 22 | Potsdam Griebnitzsee – Potsdam – Charlottenhof – **Park Sanssouci** – Golm – PirschheideSaarmundLudwigsfelde-StruveshofAirportKönigs Wusterhausen | |
| RB 23 | Golm – **Park Sanssouci**Charlottenhof – Potsdam – WannseeCharlottenburgZoologischer GartenBerlinFriedrichstraßeAlexanderplatzOstbahnhofOstkreuzAirport | |

Potsdam Park Sanssouci is included in fare zone "C" (*Tarifbereich C*) of the Berlin public transport network. Not part of the *S-Bahn network*, it is involved in a feasibility project regarding the extension of the S7 line from Potsdam Hauptbahnhof to Golm and/or Werder stations.

While the station is not served by the Potsdam Tramway, the nearest stop is *Schloß Charlottenhof*, less than 1 km away.

## Notes and references

Media related to Bahnhof Potsdam Park Sanssouci at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Potsdam Park Sanssouci | |
| --- | --- |
| Through station | |
| The *Kaiserbahnhof* hall and the platforms | |
| General information | |
| Location | Am Neues Palais, 14401 Potsdam, Brandenburg<br>Germany |
| Coordinates | 52°23′40″N 13°0′50″E / 52.39444°N 13.01389°E / 52.39444; 13.01389 |
| Owned by | DB Netz |
| Operated by | DB Station&Service |
| Line(s) |  |
| Other information | |
| Station code | 5011 |
| DS100 code | BWP |
| IBNR | 8010377 |
| Category | 4 |
| Fare zone | VBB: Berlin C and Potsdam B/5851 |
| Website | www.bahnhof.de |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Ostdeutsche Eisenbahn Following station  Werder (Havel)towards Brandenburg Hbf  RE 1  Potsdam Charlottenhoftowards Frankfurt (Oder)  Preceding station  DB Regio Nordost Following station  Golmtowards Oranienburg  RB 20  Potsdam Charlottenhoftowards Potsdam Griebnitzsee  Golmtowards Potsdam Hbf  RB 21  Potsdam Charlottenhoftowards Berlin Gesundbrunnen  Golmtowards Königs Wusterhausen  RB 22  Potsdam Charlottenhoftowards Potsdam Griebnitzsee  Golmtowards BER Airport  RB 23  Potsdam Charlottenhoftowards Golm | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Potsdam Park SanssouciLocation within BrandenburgPotsdam Park SanssouciLocation within GermanyPotsdam Park SanssouciLocation within Europe | |


title: Newtonairds railway station

abstract: Newtonairds (NX877801) was one of the principal stations on the now closed Cairn Valley Light Railway branch from Dumfries. It served a very rural area in Dumfries and Galloway.

text:
# Newtonairds railway station

**Newtonairds** (NX877801) was one of the principal stations on the now closed Cairn Valley Light Railway branch from Dumfries. It served a very rural area in Dumfries and Galloway.

## History

The CVR was nominally independent, but was in reality controlled by the Glasgow and South Western Railway. The line was closed to passengers on 3 May 1943, during WW2 and to freight on 4 July 1949, and the track lifted in 1953.

The station cost £212 to build in red brick with cream painted poster boards and chocolate-coloured framing. The extension over the front was covered with red tiles, as was the main roof. A booking office and waiting room was provided. A station master's house was provided.

The passing loop and signal box at Newtonairds remained even after the 'one engine in steam' method of working was introduced circa 1936.

Trains were controlled by a 'lock and block' system whereby the trains operated treadles on the single line to interact with the block instruments.

Notes Sources * Awdry, Christopher (1990). *Encyclopaedia of British Railway Companies*. Sparkford: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 1-8526-0049-7. OCLC 19514063. CN 8983.
* Kirkpatrick, Ian (2000). *The Cairn Valley Light Railway.* Usk : The Oakwood Press. ISBN 0-85361-567-5.
* Sanders, Keith and Hodgins, Douglas (1995). *British Railways. Past and Present South West Scotland*. No. 19. ISBN 1-85895-074-0.
* Thomas, David St John & Whitehouse, Patrick (1993). *The Romance of Scotlands Railways*. Newton Abbot : David St John Thomas. ISBN 0-946537-89-5.

| Preceding station | Historical railways | | | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Irongray |  | Glasgow and South Western Railway
Cairn Valley Railway |  | Stepford |

55°06′09″N 3°45′36″W / 55.1026°N 3.7600°W / 55.1026; -3.7600

## InfoBox

| Newtonairds railway station | |
| --- | --- |
| General information | |
| Location | Stepford, Dumfries and Galloway
Scotland |
| Other information | |
| Status | Disused |
| History | |
| Original company | Cairn Valley Railway |
| Pre-grouping | Glasgow & South Western |
| Key dates | |
| 1 March 1905 | Opened |
| 3 May 1943 | Closed to passengers |
| 4 July 1949 | Closed to freight |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Pailhès, Hérault

abstract: Pailhès is a commune in the Hérault department in the Occitanie region in southern France.

text:
# Pailhès, Hérault

**Pailhès** (French pronunciation: \[pajɛs\]; Languedocien: *Palhièrs*) is a commune in the Hérault department in the Occitanie region in southern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 235 |  |
| 1968 | 258 | +9.8% |
| 1975 | 263 | +1.9% |
| 1982 | 306 | +16.3% |
| 1990 | 421 | +37.6% |
| 1999 | 462 | +9.7% |
| 2008 | 469 | +1.5% |

## InfoBox

| Pailhès | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
|  | |
| Location of Pailhès | |
| PailhèsPailhès | |
| Coordinates: 43°25′53″N 3°11′15″E / 43.4314°N 3.1875°E / 43.4314; 3.1875 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Occitania |
| Department | Hérault |
| Arrondissement | Béziers |
| Canton | Cazouls-lès-Béziers |
| Intercommunality | CC Les Avant-Monts |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Robert Souque |
| Area**1** | 6 km2 (2 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 592 |
| Density | 99/km2 (260/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 34191 /34490 |
| Elevation | 58–147 m (190–482 ft)
(avg. 140 m or 460 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Indians Fire

abstract: The Indians Fire was a wildfire in the Ventana Wilderness of the Los Padres National Forest in the Santa Lucia Range which that started on June 8, 2008 and burned uncontained until July 10 scorching 81,378 acres (329.33 km⁲) of land. This fire burned predominantly within the Los Padres National Forest, Monterey Ranger District, inside the Ventana Wilderness. Other affected properties include portions of Fort Hunter Liggett military base and private property. The suppression cost exceeded $40.7 million, not including resource damages and rehabilitation costs. On June 10, 2008, a residential structure on the Chase Ranch burned down. The ranch had restricted access; therefore, the damage was not documented by the Forest Service. A Forest Service Fire Prevention Technician risked her life to evacuate the reluctant cabin owner, just before the fire burned over the cabin. On June 11, 2008, during a burnout operation, aggressive fire behavior produced a fire plume which burned over Forest Service firefighters along the Del Venturi Road. An entrapment occurred when a rotating vertical plume developed and the crew became overcome by the fire. Three firefighters sustained major burns and were evacuated from the fire.

text:
# Indians Fire

The **Indians Fire** was a wildfire in the Ventana Wilderness of the Los Padres National Forest in the Santa Lucia Range which that started on June 8, 2008 and burned uncontained until July 10 scorching 81,378 acres (329.33 km2) of land. This fire burned predominantly within the Los Padres National Forest, Monterey Ranger District, inside the Ventana Wilderness. Other affected properties include portions of Fort Hunter Liggett military base and private property. The suppression cost exceeded $40.7 million, not including resource damages and rehabilitation costs.

On June 10, 2008, a residential structure on the Chase Ranch burned down. The ranch had restricted access; therefore, the damage was not documented by the Forest Service. A Forest Service Fire Prevention Technician risked her life to evacuate the reluctant cabin owner, just before the fire burned over the cabin.

On June 11, 2008, during a burnout operation, aggressive fire behavior produced a fire plume which burned over Forest Service firefighters along the Del Venturi Road. An entrapment occurred when a rotating vertical plume developed and the crew became overcome by the fire. Three firefighters sustained major burns and were evacuated from the fire.

## Cause

The fire was ignited when an unattended campfire escaped into the vegetation during the night. Two subjects admitted to lighting the campfire that escaped from their control, and using the campfire without removing all flammable material from around the campfire. One camper awoke during the night to find Escondido Campground on fire. After their brief attempt to put out the fire, they hiked out 2.7 miles to their vehicle. Then drove out through the Fort Hunter Liggett main gate, at 3:58 a.m., without stopping to report the fire. The fire burned undetected for an additional 8 ½ hrs. until a hiker walking along a ridge, saw the smoke from 10 miles away and reported it at 12:36 p.m.

The escaped campfire occurred when the campfire ring had not been cleared of flammable ground litter and the campers went to sleep with the fire still burning. A burning log, which extended outside of the campfire ring, burned through and fell into oak leaf litter surrounding round the fire ring. The forest litter ignited and continued to spread during the night. The fire burned for a period of at least 5–6 hours before it escaped the campground. If the fire had been reported after it initially ignited, it would have been suppressed and contained the same day. The two subjects responsible for causing the Indian Fire pleaded guilty in Federal court.

## InfoBox

| Indians Fire | |
| --- | --- |
| Los Padres National Forest, Monterey Ranger District, Escondido Campground in foreground looking North | |
| Date(s) | * June 8, 2008 (2008-06-08) * July 10, 2008 (2008-07-10) |
| Location | Ventana Wilderness, Monterey, California |
| Statistics | |
| Burned area | 81,378 acres (329.33 km2) |
| Ignition | |
| Cause | Escaped campfire |


title: George Myers (hotelier)

abstract: George Myers was a Bahamian hotelier and businessman.

text:
# George Myers (hotelier)

**George Myers** (c.1939 – 17 February 2023) was a Bahamian hotelier and businessman.

## Background

Myers was born in Jamaica, where his family was in the hotel business. As a child, he worked in family-owned Miranda Lodge in Montego Bay. He worked in London as a management trainee at the Westbury Hotel before moving to the Bahamas in 1963.

## Career

Myers was a businessman in the Bahamas. He was credited with playing a major part in the development of Paradise Island into a premier tourist destination in the Bahamas.

Myers was chair and CEO of the Myers Group which was created in 1992. The Myers Group owns the Bahamian franchises for Burger King, Dunkin' Donuts, Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), and Quiznos Subs. The group previously operated the Radisson Cable Beach Hotel.

Myers was executive vice president of Resorts International from 1977 to 1992. Myers served in the past as president of the Bahamas Hotel Employers Association, the Bahamas Hotel Association, and the Caribbean Hotel Association.

## Death

Myers died on 17 February 2023, at the age of 83.

## Awards

In 1998, Myers was given the government's Silver Jubilee Award in recognition of "outstanding contribution to national development, in particular, in tourism".

In 2006, Myers was awarded the Sir Clement Maynard Lifetime Achievement Award at the Cacique Awards.

In 2009, he was awarded the Bahamian Chamber of Commerce's Achievement Award.


title: Michigan Iron Industry Museum

abstract: The Michigan Iron Industry Museum, a branch facility of the Michigan Historical Center, is a community museum serving the heritage of the Marquette Iron Range on Michigan's Upper Peninsula. The museum is located in Negaunee, a town built atop the geological strata of the iron range near Marquette. Until recently, Negaunee was a one-industry town that centered on the mining of iron ore. The Negaunee region served as the center of U.S. iron ore production from about 1880 until approximately 1900, when this role was taken over by iron mines on Minnesota's Mesabi Iron Range. The Michigan Iron Industry Museum opened in 1987 close to the Carp River Forge site on the Carp River where Michigan iron ore was first forged in 1848. Admission to the museum is free, and the museum is open year-round. The museum also serves as the focal point for the Iron Ore Heritage Trail, a 47-mile (76 km) bicycle and hiking trail that presents a look at some of the key sites of human and geological heritage on the Marquette Iron Range.

text:
# Michigan Iron Industry Museum

The **Michigan Iron Industry Museum**, a branch facility of the Michigan Historical Center, is a community museum serving the heritage of the Marquette Iron Range on Michigan's Upper Peninsula. The museum is located in Negaunee, a town built atop the geological strata of the iron range near Marquette. Until recently, Negaunee was a one-industry town that centered on the mining of iron ore. The Negaunee region served as the center of U.S. iron ore production from about 1880 until approximately 1900, when this role was taken over by iron mines on Minnesota's Mesabi Iron Range. The Michigan Iron Industry Museum opened in 1987 close to the Carp River Forge site on the Carp River where Michigan iron ore was first forged in 1848.

Admission to the museum is free, and the museum is open year-round. The museum also serves as the focal point for the Iron Ore Heritage Trail, a 47-mile (76 km) bicycle and hiking trail that presents a look at some of the key sites of human and geological heritage on the Marquette Iron Range.

46°31′18″N 87°33′53″W / 46.5217°N 87.5646°W / 46.5217; -87.5646


title: Prosartes smithii

abstract: Prosartes smithii is a North American species of flowering plants known by the common name largeflower fairybells. It is native to western North America from Vancouver Island in British Columbia south as far as Monterey County in California. It grows in shady forest and woodland, including redwood forests. Prosartes smithii is an erect, branching perennial herb growing up to 1 m (3.3 ft) tall. Its narrow, fuzzy stems bear wide, oval-shaped, pointed leaves up to 12 cm (4.7 in) long and mostly hairless. The inflorescence produces up to seven drooping, hanging flowers which may be hidden in the cover of the large leaves. The flower is cylindrical to bell-shaped with six white to green-tinged tepals each up to 3 cm (1.2 in) long. The fruit is an oval-shaped orange or red berry just over 1 cm (0.4 in) long.

text:
# Prosartes smithii

***Prosartes smithii*** is a North American species of flowering plants known by the common name **largeflower fairybells**. It is native to western North America from Vancouver Island in British Columbia south as far as Monterey County in California. It grows in shady forest and woodland, including redwood forests.

*Prosartes smithii* is an erect, branching perennial herb growing up to 1 m (3.3 ft) tall. Its narrow, fuzzy stems bear wide, oval-shaped, pointed leaves up to 12 cm (4.7 in) long and mostly hairless. The inflorescence produces up to seven drooping, hanging flowers which may be hidden in the cover of the large leaves. The flower is cylindrical to bell-shaped with six white to green-tinged tepals each up to 3 cm (1.2 in) long. The fruit is an oval-shaped orange or red berry just over 1 cm (0.4 in) long.

## InfoBox

| *Prosartes smithii* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park, California | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Liliales |
| Family: | Liliaceae |
| Genus: | *Prosartes* |
| Species: | ***P. smithii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Prosartes smithii***<br>(Hook.) Utech, Shinwari & Kawano | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Disporum smithii* (Hook.) Piper * *Uvularia smithii* Hook. * *Uvularia puberula* Sm. 1818, illegitimate homonym not Michx. 1803 * *Prosartes menziesii* D.Don * *Disporum menziesii* (D.Don) G.Nicholson | |


title: Prayer in the Hebrew Bible

abstract: Prayer in the Hebrew Bible is an evolving means of interacting with God, most frequently through a spontaneous, individual or collective, unorganized form of petitioning and/or thanking. Standardized prayer such as is done today is non-existent. However, beginning in Deuteronomy, the Bible lays the groundwork for organized prayer including basic liturgical guidelines, and by the Bible's later books, prayer has evolved to a more standardized form, although still radically different from the form practiced by modern Jews. Individual prayer is described by the Tanakh two ways. The first of these is when prayer is described as occurring, and a result is achieved, but no further information regarding a person's prayer is given. In these instances, such as with Isaac, Moses, Samuel, and Job, the act of praying is a method of changing a situation for the better. The second way in which prayer is depicted is through fully fleshed out episodes of prayer, where a person's prayer is related in full. Many famous biblical personalities have such a prayer, including every major character from Hannah to Hezekiah.

text:
# Prayer in the Hebrew Bible

**Prayer in the Hebrew Bible** is an evolving means of interacting with God, most frequently through a spontaneous, individual or collective, unorganized form of petitioning and/or thanking. Standardized prayer such as is done today is non-existent. However, beginning in Deuteronomy, the Bible lays the groundwork for organized prayer including basic liturgical guidelines, and by the Bible's later books, prayer has evolved to a more standardized form, although still radically different from the form practiced by modern Jews.

Individual prayer is described by the *Tanakh* two ways. The first of these is when prayer is described as occurring, and a result is achieved, but no further information regarding a person's prayer is given. In these instances, such as with Isaac, Moses, Samuel, and Job, the act of praying is a method of changing a situation for the better. The second way in which prayer is depicted is through fully fleshed out episodes of prayer, where a person's prayer is related in full. Many famous biblical personalities have such a prayer, including every major character from Hannah to Hezekiah.

## Individual prayer

Often in the Hebrew Bible, individuals spontaneously pray to God when faced with difficulty or having avoided it. As mentioned above, these prayers are not always given in full, however, many are. Certain themes appear throughout the Tanakh's portrayal of this prayer type. One of the most significant is the idea of an argumentation, which is frequently described by the text or its interpreters.

Listed chronologically below are these occurrences of recorded individual prayer.

### Abraham

The first notable prayer whose text is recorded in the Torah and Hebrew Bible occurs when Abraham pleads with God not to destroy the people of Sodom, where his nephew Lot lives. He bargains with God not to destroy the city if there are fifty good men within, and eventually lowers the total to ten. God sends two angels to the city, which is ultimately destroyed with "burning sulfur" when they cannot find the ten requisite good people.

### Eliezer

When Abraham is an old man, he makes his head servant, who while not named specifically, is almost certainly Eliezer of Damascus, promise to find his son Isaac a wife from his people to marry. Eliezer expresses uncertainty that a woman will agree to return to Abraham's household, especially since he is told not to take Isaac with him. In response, Abraham tells Eliezer that God will send an angel to assure his success in his mission. Eliezer, however, upon reaching the town of Nahor's well during evening, when the women of the city would draw water, begins to pray.

Eliezer's prayer makes very specific of God, hoping that God will make clear which woman is to be Isaac's wife. It takes on a petitioning tone, as opposed to the argumentative one prominent in the prayers of other characters, including his master, whose relationship and interactions with God are very different. Before he has finished with his prayer, his requests begin to be granted, and sees that Rebecca is the chosen maiden. Eliezer rushes home with her and she and Isaac are married.

### Isaac

Isaac prays on behalf of his wife Rebecca for a child.

### Jacob

When Jacob is to reunite with his brother Esau, he prays in distress that God save him from what he fears will be an attack on him, his family, and his servants. Similarly to his grandfather Abraham, his prayer lays out an argument, in this case by invoking statements God had made in the past to convince God to aid him. Jacob's prayer does not seem to impact his optimism, for when Esau approaches, he divides his children among his maidservants and wives, so as to protect them from what he still feels is an imminent attack. The Torah, however, when taken literally, describes a joyful meeting, with Esau disregarding formalities so as to embrace his brother, although interpreters suggest Esau actually attacked his younger brother.

### Moses

Moses, the most recurring character in the Torah, prays comparatively little in a truly spontaneous petitioning or thanking form. The one occasion that is most definitely prayer takes place when, in the Book of Exodus, following the making of the Golden Calf, he prays for God to be merciful with his people. The literal reading of the text does not include an argument made by Moses, in a similar manner to other characters, however, Rashi describes him as blaming God for the people's sin, and therefore interprets the prayer to be more similar to those said by Abraham and Jacob.

### Song of the Sea

*See: Song of the sea*

### Joshua

In the Book of Joshua, the Israelites battle against many different opposing nations. The book's seventh chapter describes how God punishes His people by causing them to lose a battle as a result of their sinning. Following news of the defeat, Joshua and the elders of Israel tear their clothes and lie face down in front of the Ark of the Covenant, and following that, Joshua prays to God bemoaning his people's lowered moral, vulnerability to attack, and possible extermination.

### Hannah

In 1 Samuel 1, Hannah prays for a child. 1 Samuel 1:13 says that "Hannah was praying in her heart, and her lips were moving but her voice was not heard" (NIV). The priest Eli thinks that she is drunk, but Hannah protests her innocence. After Hannah gives birth to a son, Samuel, she prays a prayer which is recorded in 1 Samuel 2:1–10. This is normally called the Song of Hannah, but according to 1 Samuel 2:1, it is a prayer.

Eugene Peterson suggests that to Eli, the "normal way of prayer" was "by means of ritual, incense, and animal sacrifice, a gathering of the community directed by a priest." Hannah is "soaring past all the liturgical conventions of her age... She uses her own words, her own voice, without intermediaries."

## Organized prayer

Organized prayer is first introduced in the Hebrew Bible in Deuteronomy, when the recitation of prayer over the fruit-bringing sacrifice is mandated, and liturgy is thereby established for the first time. Moses mandates that one who goes to offer the sacrifice recite a basic creed, declaring his people's heritage and history, as well as a prayer of thanks to God for the fruits they have harvested. Moses also requires Israelites to, at certain times, recite a declaration saying they have not transgressed any of the *mitzvot.*


title: Zhas Alash

abstract: Zhas Alash is a private opposition Kazakh language newspaper published in Almaty, Kazakhstan.

text:
# Zhas Alash

***Zhas Alash*** is a private opposition Kazakh language newspaper published in Almaty, Kazakhstan.

## History and profile

*Zhas Alash* was established on 22 March 1921. It is a nationalist newspaper named after Zhas Alash movement. The paper is published in Kazakh twice per week, Thursday and Tuesday.

## InfoBox

Zhas Alash
| Owner(s) | Private |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 22 March 1921 |
| Language | Kazakh language |
| Website | www.zhasalash.kz |


title: Viola banksii

abstract: Viola banksii, commonly known as native violet, is sold and grown throughout garden nurseries and grown and loved in gardens around Australia, especially in the east. For many years it was known as Viola hederacea, however, the species complex was revised in 2004 by Kevin Thiele, with the name Viola banksii being published in 2003 by Kevin Thiele and Suzanne Prober. Although the Native Violet was initially collected by Banks and Solander, the type specimen was either lost or not provided until a collection by Jacques Labillardière in Tasmania. Thiele discovered that the original type specimen of V. hederacea collected by Labillardière was not the same as the hardier and showier plant later collected, cultivated and widely sold. This second form, native to the east coast from near Brisbane to Batemans Bay, he named Viola banksii. This species is distinguished by its striking purple and white flowers. As well, the fully developed leaves are almost circular in outline with a deep, narrow, v-shaped sinus at the base, and are usually rather bright, fresh green.

text:
# Viola banksii

***Viola banksii***, commonly known as **native violet**, is sold and grown throughout garden nurseries and grown and loved in gardens around Australia, especially in the east. For many years it was known as *Viola hederacea*, however, the species complex was revised in 2004 by Kevin Thiele, with the name *Viola banksii* being published in 2003 by Kevin Thiele and Suzanne Prober. Although the Native Violet was initially collected by Banks and Solander, the type specimen was either lost or not provided until a collection by Jacques Labillardière in Tasmania. Thiele discovered that the original type specimen of *V. hederacea* collected by Labillardière was not the same as the hardier and showier plant later collected, cultivated and widely sold. This second form, native to the east coast from near Brisbane to Batemans Bay, he named *Viola banksii*. This species is distinguished by its striking purple and white flowers. As well, the fully developed leaves are almost circular in outline with a deep, narrow, v-shaped sinus at the base, and are usually rather bright, fresh green.

## Taxonomy

James Edward Smith noted that the form known as *V. hederacea* in New South Wales had larger leaves, and he suspected it was either a different species or "luxuriant variety", in 1817.

## Distribution and habitat

Cultivated widely, *Viola banksii* is at some risk of becoming naturalised in some areas. One such population has been recorded at Mount Donna Buang near Melbourne.

## Cultivation

*Viola banksii* is a very easy plant to grow, and adaptable to different soil types as long as it gets sufficient moisture and at least half shade or more in a garden situation. It can be quite vigorous in heavier, moisture-retentive soils and spreads forming a natural low groundcover.

## Cultivars

* *V.* "Baby Blue"
* *V.* "White Glory" has all-white flowers with a slight fragrance.

## InfoBox

| *Viola banksii* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Violaceae |
| Genus: | *Viola* |
| Species: | ***V. banksii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Viola banksii***<br>K.R.Thiele & Prober | |
|


title: Nicholas Dheilly

abstract: Nicholas Dheilly is a Canadian former professional football defensive end who played in the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played U Sports football at Regina and Saskatchewan and was selected in the fifth round of the 2020 CFL Draft by the Winnipeg Blue Bombers.

text:
# Nicholas Dheilly

**Nicholas Dheilly** (born October 21, 1997) is a Canadian former professional football defensive end who played in the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played U Sports football at Regina and Saskatchewan and was selected in the fifth round (46th overall) of the 2020 CFL Draft by the Winnipeg Blue Bombers.

## Early life

Dheilly was born on October 21, 1997, in Regina, Saskatchewan. His brother Dominique also played football. He attended Dr. Martin LeBoldus High School and helped them win three consecutive Saskatchewan High Schools Athletic Association 4A championships. He also played for Team Saskatchewan at the Football Canada Cup and was a member of the Canada national junior football team. A highly-recruited prospect, he committed to play U Sports football for the Regina Rams after flipping his commitment from the Saskatchewan Huskies.

## Amateur career

In his debut for the Rams, Dheilly tied the school's single-game sack record with three. He finished the season with 30 tackles, four sacks and an interception, being named the Canada West Universities Athletic Association Rookie of the Year. The following season, he earned league all-star honors after posting 26 defensive tackles and 6.5 sacks. Dheilly left the Rams in 2018 for the Okanagan Sun of the Canadian Junior Football League (CJFL), recording eight sacks on his way to being named a conference all-star.

In 2019, Dheilly returned to U Sports football by committing to the Saskatchewan Huskies, for which he had initially decided to play with in 2016 before changing his mind. In one season there, he tallied 24 defensive tackles, a team-leading 9.5 TFLs and six sacks, as well as one interception. He was named a Canada West All-Star for his performance. Despite having two years of eligibility left, Dheilly opted to declare for the 2020 CFL Draft.

## Professional career

Dheilly was selected in the fifth round (46th overall) of the 2020 CFL Draft by the Winnipeg Blue Bombers; the 2020 season was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. He made the team in 2021 and played in four regular season games, recording one tackle on special teams. He was released on November 1.

On November 11, Dheilly was signed by the Saskatchewan Roughriders and was placed on the suspended list. He appeared in no games for the Roughriders in 2021. He was re-signed after the season on December 14. He made the final roster for 2022. Dheilly appeared in seven games during the 2022 season, posting three total tackles before being sidelined by an injury. He returned and made the team for the 2023 season. He announced his retirement on August 1, 2024.

## InfoBox

Nicholas Dheilly
| No. 96 | |
| --- | --- |
| Born: | (1997-10-21) October 21, 1997
Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada |
| Career information | |
| Position(s) | Defensive end |
| Height | 6 ft 3 in (191 cm) |
| Weight | 226 lb (103 kg) |
| University | Regina (2016–2017)
Saskatchewan (2019) |
| High school | Dr. Martin LeBoldus (SK) |
| CFL draft | 2020, round: 5, pick: 46 |
| Drafted by | Winnipeg Blue Bombers |
| Career history | |
| As player | |
| 20202021 | Winnipeg Blue Bombers |
| 20212024 | Saskatchewan Roughriders |
|  | |
| Career stats | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Pajama Boy

abstract: "Pajama Boy" is a pejorative term for a photograph posted online in 2013 by the American political organization Organizing for Action (OFA) of one of its employees, Ethan Krupp, in support of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, otherwise known as "Obamacare".

text:
# Pajama Boy

"**Pajama Boy**" is a pejorative term for a photograph posted online in 2013 by the American political organization Organizing for Action (OFA) of one of its employees, **Ethan Krupp**, in support of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, otherwise known as "Obamacare".

## Background

The photo was posted on December 17, 2013 by the organization, which advocated for the legislative agenda of President Barack Obama, from President Obama's own Twitter account. It was part of a general campaign to get younger Americans to sign up for the health insurance program. The photo showed Krupp wearing thick-rimmed glasses and black-and-red plaid onesie pajamas, and cradling a mug. The accompanying text read: "Wear pajamas. Drink hot chocolate. Talk about getting health insurance. GetTalking." The tweet linked to the OFA site, which encouraged individuals to discuss Obamacare during the holiday season with those family members who are uninsured, and encourage them to sign up.

The tweet and pajama-clad man featured in it were quickly dubbed "Pajama Boy", and mocked and ridiculed across social media, largely by conservatives.

Pajama Boy soon developed into an Internet meme in which the Pajama Boy image was digitally inserted into other photos, or the text of the tweet was revised or new text added to mock the campaign.

The week after the photo's debut, *The Washington Post* reporter Chris Cillizza opined in his "Worst Week in Washington" column that "Pajama Boy was the latest swing and miss in efforts by Obama allies".

## Criticism

The day after the original tweet, December 18, New Jersey Republican Governor Chris Christie lampooned and criticized Pajama Boy with his own tweet, which featured a photo of him volunteering in an apron with the accompanying text: "Get out of your pajamas. Put on an apron. Get volunteering. #SeasonOfService."

Libertarian commentator Nick Gillespie, writing in the *Reason* magazine blog, wrote that "for many — arguably most — Americans, this guy is hipster douchitude on a cracker."

In *Bloomberg News*, libertarian pundit Megan McArdle said conservatives got "trolled" by Pajama Boy: "The purpose of Pajama Boy is not to get people to buy health insurance, but to get a rise out of conservatives — and thereby to engage the solidaristic, money-raising, meme-spreading power of OFA’s liberal base." Analyzing the perceived issues with the campaign, however, Salon wrote that "Organizing for America has a tendency to try to promote Obamacare on Twitter with images that, one imagines, they think will be potentially viral. But what tends to happen instead is that OFA’s tweets are ignored by basically everyone — except for conservative tweeters."

## Derivative uses

Conservative commentator C. Bradley Thompson coined the phrase "pajama-boy Nietzscheans" to criticize other right-wing authors, usually young men, who prefer atavistic, escapist fantasies to realistic policy discussions. He specifically cited Bronze Age Pervert as an example of this trend. Thompson’s essay includes an edited version of the original Pajama Boy photo with Friedrich Nietzsche’s face superimposed on it.


title: Indians in Bahrain

abstract: The history of Indians in Bahrain dates back to the time of the Dilmun civilisation in 3000 BCE when the civilisation served as a trade link between Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley civilisation. Proper immigration of Indians to Bahrain first started in the late quarter of the 19th century, with Banyan merchants arriving from British India or also known as British Raj under the jurisdiction of HM Government of the United Kingdom when it was under the rule of the British Empire. Today, there are about 350,000 Indian nationals in Bahrain, making them the largest expatriate group in the country.

text:
# Indians in Bahrain

The history of **Indians in Bahrain** dates back to the time of the Dilmun civilisation in 3000 BCE when the civilisation served as a trade link between Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley civilisation. Proper immigration of Indians to Bahrain first started in the late quarter of the 19th century, with Banyan merchants arriving from British India or also known as British Raj under the jurisdiction of HM Government of the United Kingdom when it was under the rule of the British Empire. Today, there are about 350,000 Indian nationals in Bahrain, making them the largest expatriate group in the country.

## History

Initially, Indian merchants in Bahrain traded dates, though most later entered the pearling business and helped to export pearls to the world market. These merchant families originated from the Sindh province and the Kathiawad region of Gujarat. By 1925, it was estimated that there were 2,500 Indian families settled in the country, most of whom were involved in the retail sector. With the discovery and refinement of oil in Bahrain in 19321945, there was a demand for manpower in the oil sector, which led to greater number of Indian workers to immigrate to the country. Following the Second World War and the subsequent expansion of Bahrain's economy as a result of the oil boom, greater number of Indians emigrated to the country to set up their own businesses and to fill in manpower demands as workers, managers and salesmen. By the 1950s, the Bahrain Petroleum Company, which was the country's sole oil company, had employed more than 600 Indians. A rough estimate suggested that the number of migrant workers, from the state of Kerala, in Bahrain increased from 1,000 in 1958 to almost 5,000 in 1981. This figure has increased to 101,556 in 2011, forming the majority of Indian nationals in the country.

Indians in the country have predominantly blue-collar jobs; 70% of the Indian community work in the construction sector of the country, with others working as barbers and carpenters. Around 15,000 more Indians work as domestic workers; these are almost exclusively women. Most Indian women in the country work as teachers in the country's private schools. Despite the vast number of Indians working as blue-collar workers, white-collar Indian workers are present in the country, often working as pharmacists, physicians and accountants. In recent years, a large number of Indians have committed suicide, leading to a public outcry in Bahrain and India, with community leaders asking for greater reach of counselling and support services.

The Indian embassy in the country was first opened in January 1973. Prior to that, India's Ambassador to Kuwait was concurrently accredited to Bahrain.

## Culture

There are 32 registered Indian cultural organisations, with a further 68 unregistered socio-cultural organisations and clubs. There are multiple non-Muslim religious places of worship present in the country including a 200-year-old Shrinathji temple, five churches and six Gurudwaras. The country's oldest and largest Indian social club is the Indian Club with over 4,000 members. The club was first established in 1915 as the *Bahrain Sports Club* to serve the country's native and non-native inhabitants. The Bahrain Keraleeya Samajam was established in 1947. Many of the Indian associations are under the umbrella group of the Co-ordination Committee of Indian Associations (CCIA), which coordinates events for the Indian community such as the Indian Republic Day. The CCIA also helped to provide relief for Indian workers in tragedies such as the Bahrain boat disaster, which killed 17 Indians.

### Education

There are multiple schools that were established in the country in the 20th century that offer the CBSE curriculum, the oldest of which is The Indian School which was first established in 1950. The list of CBSE curriculum schools in Bahrain are:-

## Further reading

## InfoBox

Indians in Bahrain
| Shrinathji Temple, Bahrain | |
| --- | --- |
| Total population | |
| **350,000** | |
| Languages | |
|  | |
| Religion | |
|  | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Pakistanis in Bahrain | |


title: Portman Square

abstract: Portman Square is a garden square in Marylebone, central London, surrounded by townhouses. It was specifically for private housing let on long leases having a ground rent by the Portman Estate, which owns the private communal gardens. It marks the western end of Wigmore Street, which connects it to Cavendish Square to the east.

text:
# Portman Square

**Portman Square** is a garden square in Marylebone, central London, surrounded by townhouses. It was specifically for private housing let on long leases having a ground rent by the Portman Estate, which owns the private communal gardens. It marks the western end of Wigmore Street, which connects it to Cavendish Square to the east.

## History

### Context and development

It was built between 1765 and 1784 on land belonging to Henry William Portman.

An infantry barracks, Portman Square Barracks, was built between Portman and Orchard Streets; it was demolished in about 1860.

At the east end of the garden, thus marking one end of Baker Street and of Orchard Street (a short link to Oxford Street) is the Hamilton Memorial Drinking fountain. This was provided by Mariana Augusta, under the auspices of the Metropolitan Drinking Fountain and Cattle Trough Association, in honour of her late husband Sir John James Hamilton, 2nd Baronet, briefly MP for Sudbury. The fountain is statutorily protected and recognised in the mainstream, initial category (Grade II).

### Notable residents

Its houses were in its first century let or rented *in toto* by Alexander Hamilton, 10th Duke of Hamilton, Sir Brook Bridges, 3rd Baronet, Henry Pelham-Clinton, 4th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne, George Keppel, 6th Earl of Albemarle, Sir Charles Asgill, 1st Baronet, and William Henry Percy. Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife, maintained his London home at No. 15.

## Notable houses

About a third of the north side is in the statutory category scheme, described above but in the rarest, highest category, Grade I.

51°30′57″N 0°09′21″W / 51.5157°N 0.1557°W / 51.5157; -0.1557

## InfoBox

Portman Square
| The square in 1813 | |
| --- | --- |
| Portman Square (City of Westminster) | |
| Type | Garden square |
| Length | 530 ft (160 m) |
| Width | 400 feet (120 m) |
| Area | Marylebone |
| Location | London |
| Postal code | W1 |
| Construction | |
| Construction start | 1765 |
| Completion | 1784; (240 years ago) |
| Other | |
| Status | west end of the north side:
large building:
Grade I listed |


title: Microbotryaceae

abstract: Microbotryaceae is a family of Basidiomycota fungi in the order Microbotryales.

text:
# Microbotryaceae

**Microbotryaceae** is a family of Basidiomycota fungi in the order Microbotryales.

## InfoBox

| Microbotryaceae | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Microbotryomycetes |
| Order: | Microbotryales |
| Family: | Microbotryaceae
R.T.Moore (1996) |
|
| Genera | |
| *Bauerago*
*Liroa*
*Microbotryum*
*Sphacelotheca*
*Zundeliomyces* | |


title: Probability Theory and Related Fields

abstract:
Probability Theory and Related Fields is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal published by Springer.
Established in 1962, it was originally named Zeitschrift für Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie und verwandte Gebiete, with the English replacing the German starting from volume 71 (1986). The journal publishes articles on probability.
The journal is indexed by Mathematical Reviews and Zentralblatt MATH.
Its 2019 MCQ was 2.29, and its 2019 impact factor was 2.125. The current editors-in-chief are Fabio Toninelli and Bálint Tóth. The journal CiteScore is 3.8 and its SCImago Journal Rank is 3.198, both from 2020. It is currently ranked 11th in the field of Probability & Statistics with Applications according to Google Scholar.

text:
# Probability Theory and Related Fields

***Probability Theory and Related Fields*** is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal published by Springer. Established in 1962, it was originally named *Zeitschrift für Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie und verwandte Gebiete*, with the English replacing the German starting from volume 71 (1986). The journal publishes articles on probability. The journal is indexed by *Mathematical Reviews* and Zentralblatt MATH. Its 2019 MCQ was 2.29, and its 2019 impact factor was 2.125.

The current editors-in-chief are Fabio Toninelli (Technical University of Vienna) and Bálint Tóth (University of Bristol and Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics).

The journal CiteScore is 3.8 and its SCImago Journal Rank is 3.198, both from 2020. It is currently ranked 11th in the field of Probability & Statistics with Applications according to Google Scholar.

## Past Editors-in-chief

1961–1971: Leopold Schmetterer (Vienna)

1971–1985: Klaus Krickeberg (Bielefeld)

1985–1991: Hermann Rost (Heidelberg)

1991–1994: Olav Kallenberg (Auburn AL)

1994–2000: Erwin Bolthausen (Zurich)

2000–2005: Geoffrey Grimmett (Cambridge)

2005–2010: Jean-Francois Le Gall (Paris) and Jean Bertoin (Paris)

2010–2015: Gérard Ben Arous (New York) and Amir Dembo (Stanford)

2015–2020: Michel Ledoux (Toulouse) and Fabio Martinelli (Rome)

2021–2024: Fabio Toninelli (Vienna) and Bálint Tóth (Budapest and Bristol)

## InfoBox

*Probability Theory and Related Fields*
| Discipline | Probability |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Fabio Toninelli, Bálint Tóth |
| Publication details | |
| History | 1962–present |
| Publisher | Springer |
| Frequency | Monthly |
| Impact factor | 2.125 (2019) |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Probab. Theory Relat. Fields* |
| MathSciNet | *Probab. Theory Related Fields* |
| Indexing
 | |
| CODEN | PTRFEU |
| ISSN | 0178-8051 (print)
1432-2064 (web)
 |
| LCCN | 86650503 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Prayer motion

abstract: A prayer motion is a method by which a member of the UK House of Lords or the House of Commons can object to or comment on secondary legislation. Prayer Motions in the House of Commons typically take the form of an Early Day Motion. A fatal prayer must be tabled within 40 days from the introduction of the Statutory Instrument to annul the Instrument. A "fatal motion" can end the parliamentary legislation process, forcing the government to start again if they wish to re-introduce the legislation. A "motion to regret" allows members of the Lords to express their opposition to legislation without stopping it. A "motion to take note" allows the expression of opinion without implying disapproval.

text:
# Prayer motion

A **prayer motion** is a method by which a member of the UK House of Lords or the House of Commons can object to or comment on secondary legislation. Prayer Motions in the House of Commons typically take the form of an Early Day Motion. A fatal prayer must be tabled within 40 days from the introduction of the Statutory Instrument to annul the Instrument. A "**fatal motion**" can end the parliamentary legislation process, forcing the government to start again if they wish to re-introduce the legislation. A "**motion to regret**" allows members of the Lords to express their opposition to legislation without stopping it. A "**motion to take note**" allows the expression of opinion without implying disapproval.


title: Zezito

abstract: José António da Costa Pereira Dias, commonly known as Zezito, was a Portuguese futsal player who played as a pivot for Alhões, Atlético CP, Sporting CP, and SL Olivais in the Liga Portuguesa de Futsal, and for Ourense in the Spanish Liga Nacional de Fútbol Sala. Zezito was also frequently called to the Portugal national team, earning 68 caps in total.

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# Zezito

**José António da Costa Pereira Dias** (born 4 January 1973), commonly known as **Zezito**, was a Portuguese futsal player who played as a pivot for Alhões, Atlético CP, Sporting CP, and SL Olivais in the Liga Portuguesa de Futsal, and for Ourense in the Spanish Liga Nacional de Fútbol Sala. Zezito was also frequently called to the Portugal national team, earning 68 caps in total.

## InfoBox

Zezito
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | José António da Costa Pereira Dias | | |
| Date of birth | (1973-01-04) 4 January 1973 | | |
| Place of birth | Lisbon, Portugal | | |
| Height | 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Pivot | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 1988–1990 | Alhões | | |
| 1990–1991 | Águias Musgueira (football) | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1991–1994 | Alhões |  |  |
| 1994–1998 | Atlético CP |  |  |
| 1998–1999 | Sporting CP |  |  |
| 1999–2000 | Ourense |  |  |
| 2000–2009 | Sporting CP |  |  |
| 2009–2012 | SL Olivais |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1998–2005 | Portugal | 68 | (16) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 00:00, 13 October 2018 (UTC)<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 00:00, 13 October 2018 (UTC) | | | |