title: Muret-et-Crouttes

abstract: Muret-et-Crouttes is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

text:
# Muret-et-Crouttes

**Muret-et-Crouttes** (French pronunciation: \[myʁɛ e kʁut\]) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 144 |  |
| 1968 | 139 | −3.5% |
| 1975 | 93 | −33.1% |
| 1982 | 80 | −14.0% |
| 1990 | 88 | +10.0% |
| 1999 | 100 | +13.6% |
| 2008 | 135 | +35.0% |

## InfoBox

| Muret-et-Crouttes | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| A general view of Muret-et-Crouttes | |
| Location of Muret-et-Crouttes | |
| Muret-et-CrouttesMuret-et-Crouttes | |
| Coordinates: 49°17′08″N 3°25′01″E / 49.2856°N 3.4169°E / 49.2856; 3.4169 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Hauts-de-France |
| Department | Aisne |
| Arrondissement | Soissons |
| Canton | Villers-Cotterêts |
| Intercommunality | Oulchy le Château |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Hervé Daule |
| Area**1** | 5.24 km2 (2.02 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 106 |
| Density | 20/km2 (52/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 02533 /02210 |
| Elevation | 76–151 m (249–495 ft)
(avg. 100 m or 330 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


abstract:
This is a list of members of the Victorian Legislative Council at the election of 6 June 1913, up to the election of 1 June 1916. As half of the Legislative Council's terms expired at each triennial election, half of these members were elected at the 1910 triennial election with terms expiring in 1916, while the other half were elected at the 1913 triennial election with terms expiring in 1919. The Electoral Provinces Boundaries Act 1903 defined 17 Provinces with two members each for a total of 34 members.
  - Note the "Term in Office" refers to that members term(s) in the Council, not necessarily for that Province. John Mark Davies was President; Arthur Sachse was Chairman of Committees.
  - [a] Evans died 22 August 1914; replaced by William Beckett in September 1914.
  - [b] Fielding died 14 April 1916; replaced by Arthur Disney in May 1916.
  - [c] Little resigned in April 1916; replaced by William Kendell in May 1916.

text:
# Members of the Victorian Legislative Council, 1913–1916

This is a list of **members of the Victorian Legislative Council** at the election of 6 June 1913, up to the election of 1 June 1916. As half of the Legislative Council's terms expired at each triennial election, half of these members were elected at the 1910 triennial election with terms expiring in 1916, while the other half were elected at the 1913 triennial election with terms expiring in 1919.

The Electoral Provinces Boundaries Act 1903 defined 17 Provinces with two members each for a total of 34 members.

Note the "Term in Office" refers to that members term(s) in the Council, not necessarily for that Province.

| Name | Party | Province | Expiry Due | Term in Office |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| William Adamson | Nationalist | South Eastern | 1916 | 1910–1922 |
| John Aikman | Nationalist | Melbourne West | 1916 | 1904–1916; 1916–1922 |
| William Angliss | Nationalist | Southern | 1916 | 1912–1952 |
| Austin Austin | Non-Labor | South Western | 1919 | 1910–1925 |
| William Baillieu | Liberal | Northern | 1916 | 1901–1922 |
| Robert Beckett | Non-Labor | East Yarra | 1919 | 1913–1917 |
| Theodore Beggs | Non-Labor | Nelson | 1916 | 1910–1928 |
| Frederick Brawn | Nationalist | Wellington | 1916 | 1907–1934 |
| James Drysdale Brown | Nationalist | Nelson | 1919 | 1904–1922 |
| Frank Clarke | Nationalist | Northern | 1919 | 1913–1955 |
| Russell Clarke | Nationalist | Southern | 1919 | 1910–1937 |
| Edward Crooke |  | Gippsland | 1916 | 1893–1922 |
| John Mark Davies |  | Melbourne | 1919 | 1889–1895; 1899–1919 |
| William Evans \[a\] | Labor | Melbourne North | 1919 | 1904–1907; 1907–1914 |
| William Fielding \[b\] | Labor | Melbourne West | 1919 | 1913–1916 |
| Frederick Hagelthorn | Country | North Western | 1919 | 1907–1919 |
| Alfred Hicks | Nationalist | Bendigo | 1919 | 1904–1921 |
| John Percy Jones | Labor | Melbourne East | 1916 | 1910–1940 |
| Willis Little \[c\] | Nationalist | North Eastern | 1919 | 1903–1916 |
| Duncan McBryde |  | South Eastern | 1919 | 1891–1896; 1901–1919 |
| John Y. McDonald |  | Wellington | 1919 | 1898–1917 |
| Adam McLellan | Labor | Melbourne East | 1919 | 1904–1917 |
| John McWhae | Nationalist | Melbourne | 1916 | 1910–1921 |
| Walter Manifold | Nationalist | Western | 1916 | 1901–1924 |
| Donald Melville |  | Melbourne North | 1916 | 1882–1919 |
| James Merritt | Nationalist | East Yarra | 1916 | 1913–1928 |
| Thomas Payne | Nationalist | Melbourne South | 1916 | 1901–1928 |
| William Pearson Jr. |  | Gippsland | 1919 | 1896–1916 |
| Richard Rees | Country | North Western | 1916 | 1903–1919 |
| Horace Richardson | Nationalist | South Western | 1916 | 1912–1934 |
| Arthur Robinson | Nationalist | Melbourne South | 1919 | 1912–1925 |
| Arthur Sachse |  | North Eastern | 1916 | 1892–1920 |
| Joseph Sternberg | Nationalist | Bendigo | 1916 | 1891–1928 |
| Edward James White | Nationalist | Western | 1919 | 1907–1931 |

John Mark Davies was President; Arthur Sachse was Chairman of Committees.

\[a\] Evans died 22 August 1914; replaced by William Beckett in September 1914. \[b\] Fielding died 14 April 1916; replaced by Arthur Disney in May 1916. \[c\] Little resigned in April 1916; replaced by William Kendell in May 1916.


title: Moccasin (horse)

abstract: Moccasin was an American Thoroughbred Champion racehorse. In a career that lasted from 1965 to 1967, she ran twenty-one times and won eleven races. She remains the only two-year-old filly to be voted United States Horse of the Year. Moccasin won only one race in each of her two subsequent seasons but was an effective performer over sprint distances.

text:
# Moccasin (horse)

**Moccasin** (April 16, 1963  July 1, 1986) was an American Thoroughbred Champion racehorse. In a career that lasted from 1965 to 1967, she ran twenty-one times and won eleven races. She remains the only two-year-old filly to be voted United States Horse of the Year. Moccasin won only one race in each of her two subsequent seasons but was an effective performer over sprint distances.

## Background

Moccasin, foaled on April 16, 1963, was a chestnut filly with three white socks, bred by Claiborne Farm. Her sire, Nantallah, was a moderate racehorse by the champion Nasrullah, who in turn was sired by Nearco. Moccasin's dam, the British-bred Rough Shod, was a great success at stud, producing Ridan, Lt. Stevens (Palm Beach Stakes) and the broodmare Thong (ancestor of Sadler's Wells). Moccasin grew to be an unusually large and powerful filly, standing almost 16.2 hands high with a girth of seventy six inches.

## Racing career

### 1965: two-year-old season

At age two, Moccasin put together an unbeaten eight-race season that culminated with her being named U.S. Horse of the Year by both *Turf and Sports Digest* magazine and the Thoroughbred Racing Association, beating Kelso by one vote in the latter poll. The rival poll organised by Triangle Publications was won by Roman Brother. Moccasin's performances drew attention beyond the racing media, and she was featured in the November 5 edition of *Time*.

After winning her first two races in "impressive fashion", Moccasin won the Spinaway Stakes at Saratoga Race Course in August, beating Swift Lady by three and a half lengths at odds of 1/5. In the following month, she appeared to have decided the title of U.S. Champion 2-Yr-Old Filly when she won the Matron Stakes at Aqueduct Race Track, finishing six lengths clear of her opponents in a time of 1:11.6. A challenger emerged in the form of Priceless Gem, who defeated Buckpasser at Aqueduct, but an injury ruled her out of a showdown with Moccasin in the Selima Stakes. In her rival's absence, Moccasin won the race by five lengths from Swift Lady. She completed her unbeaten first season in November when she recorded a two and a half-length win over Lady Pitt in the Gardenia Stakes at Garden State Park.

### 1966: three-year-old season

In early 1966, Moccasin was expected to challenge the colts in the Kentucky Derby, and there were hopes that she might emulate Regret, the last filly to win the race more than fifty years earlier. After defeats in her first two races, however, A. B Hancock announced that Moccasin would bypass both the Derby and the Kentucky Oaks, saying that "she hasn't shown she is ready". At the end of May, she reappeared against fillies in the Acorn Stakes in which she started favorite but finished third to Marking Time, and a month later she finished fifth to Lady Pitt in the CCA Oaks. In August, Moccasin showed some signs of a return to form by winning a division of the seven furlong Test Stakes, but it was her only notable success of 1966. She was unable to run again that year after fracturing two sesamoid bones in training.

### 1967: four-year-old season

Moccasin stayed in training in 1967 and finished second twice and third one in her first three starts. At Keeneland Race Course in April, she started slowly but recovered to win the Phoenix Handicap over six furlongs. Moccasin ran three more times without success and was retired after finishing fifth in the Equipoise Mile Handicap at Arlington Park.

## Breeding career

Retired to Claiborne's Marchmont Farm division in Paris, Kentucky, Moccasin was very successful as a broodmare. She produced nine foals, of which seven won graded stakes races. Her son Apalachee, sired by Round Table, raced in Europe. He was rated the 1973 Champion 2-year-old in England and Ireland and became a successful sire. Another son, Belted Earl, sired by Damascus, also raced in Europe and was named 1982's Champion Older Male and Champion Sprinter in Ireland.

Moccasin was euthanized on July 1, 1986, at Marchmont Farm and is buried there in the equine cemetery.

## InfoBox

| Moccasin | |
| --- | --- |
| Sire | Nantallah |
| Grandsire | Nasrullah |
| Dam | Rough Shod |
| Damsire | Gold Bridge |
| Sex | Filly |
| Foaled | (1963-04-16)16 April 1963 |
| Died | 1 July 1986(1986-07-01) (aged 23) |
| Country | USA |
| Colour | Chestnut |
| Breeder | Claiborne Farm |
| Owner | Claiborne Farm |
| Trainer | Harry Trotsek |
| Record | 21: 11-2-4 |
| Earnings | $388,075 |
| Major wins | |
| Spinaway Stakes (1965)
Matron Stakes (1965)
Selima Stakes (1965)
Gardenia Stakes (1965)
Test Stakes (1966)
Phoenix Handicap (1967) | |
| Awards | |
| U.S. Champion 2-Yr-Old Filly (1965)
TSD & TRA United States Horse of the Year (1965) | |
| Honours | |
| Moccasin Stakes at Hollywood Park Racetrack | |
| Last updated on November 12, 2006 | |


title: Wilson Park Historic District

abstract: The Wilson Park Historic District is a historic district in Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA, located just northeast of the University of Arkansas. The district consists of several residential buildings that developed during the late 19th and early 20th Century near Wilson Park just north of Dickson Street, the city's primary entertainment district. Wilson Park Historic District includes 47 contributing buildings.

text:
# Wilson Park Historic District

The **Wilson Park Historic District** (sometimes **Rock House Historic District**) is a historic district in Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA, located just northeast of the University of Arkansas. The district consists of several residential buildings that developed during the late 19th and early 20th Century near Wilson Park just north of Dickson Street, the city's primary entertainment district. Wilson Park Historic District includes 47 contributing buildings.

## Location

The Wilson Park Historic District is located directly south of Wilson Park in Fayetteville north of the Fayetteville Historic Square and northeast of the University of Arkansas. It is bounded on the south by Maple Street and contains homes on both sides of Ila Street from Highland Avenue on the east and Vandeventer Avenue to the west. A few additional contributing properties are located along Davidson Street, along the eastern boundary of the district.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Wilson Park Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
| 25 Davidson Street, a contributing property in the Wilson Park Historic District, August 2012 | |
|  | |
| Location | Roughly bounded by College Ave., Maple St., Wilson Ave. and Louise St., Fayetteville, Arkansas |
| Coordinates | 36°04′15″N 94°09′42″W / 36.07094°N 94.16173°W / 36.07094; -94.16173 |
| Area | 38 acres (15 ha) |
| Built | 1900 |
| Architectural style | Late 19th And Early 20th Century American Movements, American Foursquare |
| NRHP reference No. | 95000365 |
| Added to NRHP | March 31, 1995 |


title: Gerd Rienäcker

abstract: Gerd Rienäcker was a German musicologist.

text:
# Gerd Rienäcker

**Gerd Rienäcker** (3 May 1939 – 3 February 2018) was a German musicologist.

## Life

Rienäcker was born on 3 May 1939 in Göttingen as son of the chemist Günther Rienäcker. Rienäcker studied musicology from 1959 to 1964 (minor subject: "art science'") with Ernst Hermann Meyer, Georg Knepler, Walther Vetter, Peter H. Feist and Carl Heinz Claasen at the Humboldt University of Berlin, and also musical composition with Hans Georg Görner.

From 1964 to 1966 Rienäcker worked as music dramaturge (for opera, operetta, concert) at the Landestheater Eisenach. In 1966 he became scientific aspirant, from 1967 to 1985 scientific assistant at the *Institute for Musicology* of the Humboldt University. There he obtained a doctorate in 1973 with a thesis on dramaturgical principles in operas by Paul Dessau, Siegfried Matthus, Udo Zimmermann and Robert Hanell. Doctorate. In 1984 he habilited on the dramaturgy of the finale in operas by E. T. A. Hoffmann, Louis Spohr, Carl Maria von Weber and Heinrich Marschner. In 1985 he was appointed university lecturer, in 1988 associate professor and in 1990 professor for "Theory and History of Music Theatre" at the Humboldt University of Berlin. Since 1996 he had taught at several German universities.

His research interests were on the one hand the theory of music theatre as an institution and genre, the history of opera and operetta, Wagner's operas and dramas and Bertolt Brecht's significance for music theatre; on the other hand, the European compositional history of modern times and methodological problems of music historiography and music analysis. These interests resulted in the contents and methods of his courses (among others on the dramaturgy of music theatre, the history of notation and instrumentation, the analysis of works of opera and operetta, the analysis of music theatre productions) as well as the topics of several books and many essays.

Among his academic students were Peter Wicke, Daniela Reinhold, Antje Kaiser, Susanne Binas-Preisendörfer, Sebastian Klotz and Aniara Amos.

Rienäcker had two more siblings: Doctor *Anne Rienäcker* (b. 1951), married to *Wilke* and Doctor of physics *Jürgen Rienäcker* (b. 1936), whose son, the computer scientist *Uwe Rienäcker*, is married to the artist Sandra Rienäcker.

Rienäcker died in Berlin at age 78.

## Publications

### Books

* *Gedanken zu einigen sinfonischen Werken sowjetischer Komponisten : Einführungsmaterial für Kulturfunktionäre.* Berlin: Central Committee of the German/Soviet Union Friendship, Kulturpolitik, Arbeitsgruppe Musik department, 1969
* *Die 11. und 12. Sinfonie von Dmitri Schostakowitsch. Einführungsmaterial für Kulturfunktionäre.* Berlin: Zentralvorstand d. Ges. f. Dt.-Sowjet. Freundschaft, Abt. Kulturpolitik, 1970 (together with Vera Reising)
* *Zu einigen Aspekten dialektischer musikalisch-dramaturgischer Figureninterpretationen in neueren Werken des Opernschaffens der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik.* East-Berlin, Dissertation A, 1973
* *Arbeitsmaterial zur Werkanalyse.* Berlin: Hauptabt. Lehrerbildung d. Ministeriums für Volksbildung, 1979/81 (together with Wilhelm Baethge and Hella Brock)
* *Finali in Opern von E. T. A. Hoffmann, Louis Spohr, Heinrich Marschner und Carl Maria von Weber. Gedanken zur Theorie u. Geschichte d. Opernfinales.* Berlin, Humboldt-Univ., Dissertation B, 1984
* Article in the encyclopedia *Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart.* 2nd edition Kassel 1994 ff: *Ensemble*, *Finale*, *Introduktion*, *Quartett (vokal)*, *Terzett (vokal)*
* *Vorträge und Aufsätze 1982–2000. Sonderausgabe zum Internationalen Richard Wagner Kongress 1. bis 4. Juni 2000 in Berlin.* Berlin 2000
* *Richard Wagner. Nachdenken über sein "Gewebe".* Berlin 2001
* *Musiktheater im Experiment. Fünfundzwanzig Aufsätze.* Berlin 2004

### Essays / reports

* Publikationsverzeichnis der Festschrift für Gerd Rienäcker zum 65. Geburtstag (für die Jahre 1967–2004), Berlin 2004
* *Gedanken zum Verhältnis musiktheoretischer Lehrsysteme zur musikgeschichtlichen Entwicklung.* In *Beiträge zur Musikwissenschaft.* Jg. 9/2, 1967, pp. 128133.
* *Ernst Hermann Meyer – Sinfonie in B.* In Heinz Alfred Brockhaus et al. (ed.): *Sammelbände zur Musikgeschichte der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik. Band I.* Berlin 1969, pp. 5690.
* *Vertane Chancen. Nachdenken über Bach-Bilder in der DDR.* In Joachim Lüdtke (ed.): *Bach und die Nachwelt. Volume 4: 1950–2000.* Frankfurt/Laaber 1996/2005, pp. 97100.
* *Die industrialisierte Idylle – zur Revue 'Im Weißen Rößl*, written on 30 November 1997 for the production of Jochen Biganzoli at the Kleist Theatre Frankfurt/ Oder
* *Händel und die Opera seria*, Berlin 2003/04
* *Stichworte zu Bachs musikalischer Theologie*, Berlin 2004
* *Der Zauberer hinter dem Zauberer – zur Dramaturgie des ersten Finales der Oper Faust von Louis Spohr*, Berlin 2004
* *Fibel-Musik? Anmerkungen zu Hanns Eislers und Paul Dessaus Vertonung der "Kriegsfibel".* In Nina Ermlich Lehmann (ed.): *Fokus „Deutsches Miserere“ von Paul Dessau and Bertolt Brecht. Festschrift Peter Petersen zum 65. Geburtstag.* Hamburg 2005, pp. 87110.
* *Im Blick zurück nach vorn : Komposition als Vermittlung zwischen Vergangenheit und Zukunft.* In Maren Köster und Dörte Schmidt (ed.): *„Man kehrt nie zurück, man geht immer nur fort“. Remigration und Musikkultur.* Munich 2005, pp. 105120.
* *Musizieren im Zeichen Benjamins – Rückfragen an Geschriebenes.* In Hanns-Werner Heister, Wolfgang Martin Stroh and Peter Wicke (ed.): *Musik-Avantgarde. Zur Dialektik von Vorhut und Nachhut. Eine Gedankensammlung für Günter Mayer zum 75. Geburtstag.* Oldenburg 2006, pp. 191210.
* *Wagner und die Neudeutsche Schule.* In Detlef Altenburg (ed.): *Liszt und die Neudeutsche Schule. (series: Weimarer Liszt-Studien, vol. 3).* Laaber 2006, pp. 201206.
* *Unterwegs zu Dmitri Schostakowitsch – in fünfzehn Schritten*, Berlin 2006/07
* *Über das Einleiten – Gedanken zur Ouvertüre der Oper „Die Zauberflöte“ von W. A. Mozart.* In Friederike Wißmann, Thomas Ahrend and Heinz von Loesch (ed.): *Vom Erkennen des Erkannten. Musikalische Analyse und Editionsphilologie. Festschrift für Christian Martin Schmidt.* Wiesbaden 2007, pp. 171181.
* *Peter Konwitschny – Marxist und Realist.* In Anja Oeck (ed.): *Musiktheater als Chance. Peter Konwitschny inszeniert.* Berlin 2008, pp. 2526.
* *Thesen zur „Dreigroschenoper“.* In *Musik & Ästhetik.* VOlume 13/50, 2009/April, pp. 8590.
* *... von moralischen Konnotationen befreien. Über DDR-Musikgeschichte vor und nach 1989/90.* In *NZfM.* Vol. 171, 2010/2, pp. 1215.
* *Peter Konwitschny inszeniert Verdi.* In Camilla Bork et al. (ed.): *Ereignis und Exegese. Musikalische Interpretation – Interpretation der Musik. Festschrift für Hermann Danuser zum 65. Geburtstag.* Schliengen 2011, pp. 516527.
* *Stichworte zu Bachs musikalischer Theologie.* In Thomas Phleps and Wieland Reich (ed.): *Musik-Kontexte. Festschrift für Hanns-Werner Heister. Vol. 2.* Münster 2011, pp. 737749.
* *... aber ändre die Welt, sie braucht es!* In Ulrich Tadday (ed.): *Hanns Eisler. Angewandte Musik. (series: Musikkonzepte, Sonderband).* Munich 2012, pp. 6481.
* *Künftigen Glückes gewiß, gewiß, gewiß. – fünf Sätze über Eislers "Ernste Gesänge"* In Hartmut Krones (ed.): *Hanns Eisler. Ein Komponist ohne Heimat?. (series: Schriften des Wissenschaftszentrums Arnold Schönberg, vol. 6).* Vienna 2012, pp. 109115.
* *Hanns Eisler – ein Sonderfall.* In Hartmut Krones (ed.): *Hanns Eisler. Ein Komponist ohne Heimat?. (series: Schriften des Wissenschaftszentrums Arnold Schönberg, vol. 6).* Vienna 2012,pp. 331340.
* *Musizieren über Traditionen.* Die Soldaten *von Bernd Alois Zimmermann,* Einstein *by Paul Dessau.* In Detlef Altenburg and Rainer Bayreuther (ed.): *Musik und kulturelle Identität. (Report on the XIII International Congress of the Society for Music Research, Weimar 2004). Vol. 2: Symposien B.* Kassel 2012, pp. 259265.
* *Musik im Raum – Musik als Raum? Notate zu einigen Passagen des Requiems von Berlioz.* In: Veronika Busch et al. (ed.): *Wahrnehmung, Erkenntnis, Vermittlung. Musikwissenschaftliche Brückenschläge. Festschrift für Wolfgang Auhagen zum sechzigsten Geburtstag.* Hildesheim 2013, pp. 157166.
* *Ernst Hermann Meyer über Georg Friedrich Händel – einige Notate.* *Händel-Jahrbuch.* Vol. 60, 2014, pp. 97108.
* *Schostakowitschs Klage um Jüdisches Leid.* In Deutsche Schostakowitsch-Gesellschaft (ed.): *Schostakowitsch-Aspekte. Analysen und Studien* Berlin 2014, pp. 8996.


title: Max Wagner

abstract: Max Wagner was a Mexican-born American film actor who specialized in playing small parts such as thugs, gangsters, sailors, henchmen, bodyguards, cab drivers and moving men, appearing more than 400 films in his career, most without receiving screen credit. In 1927, he was a leading witness in the well-publicized manslaughter trials of actor Paul Kelly and actress/screenwriter Dorothy Mackaye.

text:
# Max Wagner

**Max Wagner** (November 28, 1901  November 16, 1975) was a Mexican-born American film actor who specialized in playing small parts such as thugs, gangsters, sailors, henchmen, bodyguards, cab drivers and moving men, appearing more than 400 films in his career, most without receiving screen credit. In 1927, he was a leading witness in the well-publicized manslaughter trials of actor Paul Kelly and actress/screenwriter Dorothy Mackaye.

## Biography

Wagner was one of five children, all boys, of William Wallace Wagner, a railroad conductor, and Edith Wagner, a writer who provided dispatches for the *Christian Science Monitor* during the Mexican Revolution. When he was 10 years old, his father was killed by rebels and the family moved to Salinas, California, where he met John Steinbeck, who became a lifelong friend. Steinbeck based the character of the boy in his novel *The Red Pony* on Wagner.

Three of Wagner's brothers were working in Hollywood  Jack Wagner and Blake Wagner as cameramen for D.W. Griffith, Hal Roach and Mack Sennett, and Bob as an assistant cameraman at First National  and Max Wagner moved there in 1924, where he got an acting job on the Harry Langdon film his brother Jack was working on, *All Night Long*.

Under the name "Max Baron", Wagner acted in many Spanish-language versions of English-language films, which studios made as a matter of course in the early days of sound films, He also served as a Spanish language coach for other actors, and appeared in many of the "Mexican Spitfire" films starring Lupe Vélez, where he also served to monitor Velez's Spanish ad-libs for profanity.

Other series that Wagner appeared in include the Charlie Chan films, and Tom Mix serials, as well as others made by Mascot Pictures Corporation. In the 1940s, Wagner was part of Preston Sturges' unofficial "stock company" of character actors, appearing in six films written and directed by Sturges, beginning with *The Palm Beach Story*.

In 1940 during the filming of "The Mad Doctor", Wagner was credited for driving 50,000 miles as an on-screen taxi driver on the studio back lots of Hollywood. Since his appearance as a cab driver in *Charlie Chan in Shanghai* (1935), producers often cast him as a wise-cracking or henchman taxi driver. "I was cast as a taxi driver about five years ago", Wagner told a reporter. "And I was typed."

Wagner's career has several breaks in it. He served with the U.S. Army in the North African Campaign of World War II, and his struggle with alcoholism caused a short break in 1950.

## Paul Kelly case

Wagner was the star prosecution witness in the manslaughter trials of actor Paul Kelly and actress/screenwriter Dorothy Mackaye in 1927. Wagner was Kelly's roommate.

During an alcohol-fueled party at Wagner and Kelly's apartment on April 16, 1927, Kelly beat to death Mackaye's husband, Ray Raymond, a Vaudeville entertainer. Kelly and Mackaye had been seeing each other for some time before the fight had occurred. Wagner was present when Kelly and Raymond were fighting. One account reports that Kelly backhanded Wagner when the latter tried to stop him from confronting Raymond. When a Japanese houseboy who had served drinks at the party disappeared before the trial, Wagner testified of finding a note indicating the houseboy's intent to return to Asia.

At her own trial several months later, Mackaye testified that Kelly and Raymond had agreed to the fight as a duel, and that Wagner was Kelly's second for the duel. At one point, Wagner testified that he brought $800 from Kelly to Mackaye to pay the doctor who attended Raymond before his death, but Wagner denied that this payment was meant as part of a cover-up.

Kelly was convicted of manslaughter but served only two years in prison. Mackaye was sentenced to 10 months in prison on accessory and concealing evidence convictions. Kelly and Mackaye were married after Kelly's release from prison. Wagner and Kelly appeared together in two films after the incident: *Death on the Diamond* (1934) and *Frenchie* (1950).

## Later career

In 1952, Wagner began to appear on television, in episodes of such shows as *The Cisco Kid*, *Zane Grey Theater* and *Perry Mason*, playing much the same kind of parts he played in the movies.

He was a regular cast member on the western television series *Gunsmoke*, making nearly 80 appearances between 1959 and 1973. He also appeared in many episodes of *The Rifleman*, *Bonanza*, *Cimarron Strip*, *The Wild Wild West* and *Maverick*, including a guest-starring role in the 1959 *Rifleman* episode "Blood Brother." He also had roles in the original *Star Trek* and *The Twilight Zone* series. He appeared in more than 200 television episodes between 1952 and 1974.

Notable film roles for Wagner include a supporting role in the cult science fiction classic *Invaders from Mars* (1953), an actor playing a gangster in the film-within-a-film segment of *Bullets or Ballots* (1936), and the bull farm attendant in the Laurel and Hardy comedy *The Bullfighters* (1945). In a 1959 interview, Wagner joked that he used to play "the third mugg to come through the door behind the boss", but that in his status had been elevated by efforts to cut costs, so that "all three of us come through the door together now".

Late in his career, he appeared in *To Kill a Mockingbird* (1962) and *The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance* (1962). In 1963 Wagner appeared (uncredited) as a Train Bum on *The Virginian* in the episode titled "Duel at Shiloh."

He also occasionally composed music, such as the Mexican folk ballad "Pedro, Rudarte y Simon" in the Western film *The Last Trail* (1933).

## Death

Wagner died of a heart attack in Hollywood in 1975.

## Filmography

## InfoBox

| Max Wagner | |
| --- | --- |
| Wagner in *Dick Tracy vs. Cueball* (1946) | |
| Born | (1901-11-28)November 28, 1901
Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico |
| Died | November 16, 1975(1975-11-16) (aged 73)
Hollywood, California, U.S. |
| Resting place | Hollywood Forever Cemetery |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 19241975 |


abstract: The 1967 NCAA Indoor Track and Field Championships were contested March 10−11, 1967 at the Cobo Arena in Detroit, Michigan at the third annual NCAA-sanctioned track meet to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate indoor track and field events in the United States. USC topped the team standings, finishing nine points ahead of Oklahoma. It was the Trojans' first indoor team title.

text:
# 1967 NCAA indoor track and field championships

The **1967 NCAA Indoor Track and Field Championships** were contested March 10−11, 1967 at the Cobo Arena in Detroit, Michigan at the third annual NCAA-sanctioned track meet to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate indoor track and field events in the United States.

USC topped the team standings, finishing nine points ahead of Oklahoma. It was the Trojans' first indoor team title.

## Qualification

Unlike other NCAA-sponsored sports, there were not separate University Divisions.

## Team standings

* **Note:** Top 10 only
* Full results

| Rank | Team | Points |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | **USC** | **26** |
|  | Oklahoma | 17 |
|  | Kansas | 16 |
| 4 | Villanova | 15 |
| 5 | New Mexico
Wisconsin | 12 |
| 7 | Missouri | 9 |
| 8 | Connecticut
Michigan | 8 |
| 10 | Miami (OH) | 7 |

## InfoBox

| 1967 NCAA Indoor Track and Field Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | March 10−11, 1967 |
| Host city | Detroit, Michigan |
| Venue | Cobo Arena |
| 1966 1968 | |


title: Morris Hartsell Farmstead

abstract: The Morris Hartsell Farmstead is a historic farm property in northern White County, Arkansas. Located on the north side of Arkansas Highway 157 in the hamlet of Steprock, it has one of the finest assemblages of 19th century farm buildings to be found in the county. Its main house is a single-story double-pen structure with a gable roof and a massive stone chimney at one end. One pen is built out of hand-hewn logs, while the other is framed in dimensional lumber. The second pen dates to about 1880, and the building has been little changed since then. Also included on the property are an equipment shed, and a large timber-framed barn, both of which appear to date to the same time. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

text:
# Morris Hartsell Farmstead

The **Morris Hartsell Farmstead** is a historic farm property in northern White County, Arkansas. Located on the north side of Arkansas Highway 157 in the hamlet of Steprock, it has one of the finest assemblages of 19th century farm buildings to be found in the county. Its main house is a single-story double-pen structure with a gable roof and a massive stone chimney at one end. One pen is built out of hand-hewn logs, while the other is framed in dimensional lumber. The second pen dates to about 1880, and the building has been little changed since then. Also included on the property are an equipment shed, and a large timber-framed barn, both of which appear to date to the same time.

The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Morris Hartsell Farmstead | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Nearest city | Steprock, Arkansas |
| Area | 31.9 acres (12.9 ha) |
| Architectural style | Vernacular double-pen |
| MPS | White County MPS |
| NRHP reference No. | 91001340 |
| Added to NRHP | September 13, 1991 |


title: Muroc Maru

abstract: Muroc Maru, officially AAF Temporary Building (Target) T-799, was a replica of a Japanese Takao-class cruiser constructed on the floor of Rogers Dry Lake in southern California during World War II. Used to train bomber pilots and bombardiers in techniques for attacking warships, Muroc Maru remained in place until 1950, when it was demolished.

text:
# Muroc Maru

***Muroc Maru***, officially **AAF Temporary Building (Target) T-799**, was a replica of a Japanese *Takao*-class cruiser constructed on the floor of Rogers Dry Lake in southern California during World War II. Used to train bomber pilots and bombardiers in techniques for attacking warships, *Muroc Maru* remained in place until 1950, when it was demolished.

## Construction

AAF Temporary Building (Target) T-799 was built during 1943 on the southern end of Rogers Dry Lake in California for the purpose of training United States Army Air Forces bomber pilots, navigators and bombardiers in bombing, strafing, and the identification of warships, including skip bombing techniques. The lakebed site was chosen for the training site as its flat base resembled the ocean, reinforced by the bright sand dunes sculpted to give the appearance of a wake around the 'ship'.

Designed to mimic the size and appearance of a *Takao*-class heavy cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy, the structure was constructed from four-by-four lumber and chicken wire, with tar paper covering the "hull" to complete the illusion of a solid, fully constructed ship. The structure cost $35,819.18 to build ($667,940 in 2023 dollars ).

## Operational history

Upon completion of the structure, Army Air Force pilots assigned to train at the nearby Muroc Army Air Field – now Edwards Air Force Base – using the "ship" gave it the nickname *Muroc Maru*, after the location of the vessel and "Maru" being a common suffix for Japanese ship names. The structure was used for training until 1950, when it was declared a hazard to air navigation and disassembled following clearance of unexploded ordnance.

## InfoBox

| AAF Temporary Building (Target) T-799
"*Muroc Maru*" | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of Muroc Army Air Base | |
| Rogers Dry Lake, California | |
| The "*Muroc Maru*" overflown by a B-25 Mitchell | |
| Coordinates | 34°50′40″N 117°53′24″W / 34.84444°N 117.89000°W / 34.84444; -117.89000 |
| Type | Target facility |
| Site information | |
| Open to
the public | No |
| Condition | Razed |
| Site history | |
| Built | 1943 |
| Built by | U.S. Army Air Forces |
| In use | 1943–1950 |
| Demolished | 1950 |
| Garrison information | |
| Garrison | Edwards Air Force Base, California |


title: Malaria therapy

abstract: The malaria therapy is an archaic medical procedure of treating diseases using artificial injection of malaria parasites. It is a type of pyrotherapy by which high fever is induced to stop or eliminate symptoms of certain diseases. In malaria therapy, malarial parasites (Plasmodium) are specifically used to cause fever, and an elevated body temperature reduces the symptoms of or cure the diseases. As the primary disease is treated, the malaria is then cured using antimalarial drugs. The method was developed by Austrian physician Julius Wagner-Jauregg in 1917 for the treatment of neurosyphilis for which he received the 1927 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

text:
# Malaria therapy

The **malaria therapy** (or **malaria inoculation**, and sometimes **malariotherapy**) is an archaic medical procedure of treating diseases using artificial injection of malaria parasites. It is a type of pyrotherapy (or pyretotherapy) by which high fever is induced to stop or eliminate symptoms of certain diseases. In malaria therapy, malarial parasites (*Plasmodium*) are specifically used to cause fever, and an elevated body temperature reduces the symptoms of or cure the diseases. As the primary disease is treated, the malaria is then cured using antimalarial drugs. The method was developed by Austrian physician Julius Wagner-Jauregg in 1917 for the treatment of neurosyphilis for which he received the 1927 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

## Background

The beneficial effects of infections in mental problems were known in the Ancient world. Hippocrates in the 4th century BCE recorded bacterial infections such as dysentery and dropsy reducing the symptoms of madness; and that malaria (quartan fever) could stop epileptic convulsions. Galen in the 2nd century CE described a case of mental illness that ended after malarial infection. There are medical records from the 19th century which indicate that insanity stopped temporarily or permanently when the individuals had severe infections.

Russian psychiatrist Alexander Samoilovich Rosenblum was the first to experimentally use infections for the treatment of psychosis. In 1876, he induced fever in psychotic individuals using malaria, typhoid, and relapsing fever. He claimed that he cured 50% of all those he treated. However, his work was not widely known as his publication in 1877 was in a small journal in Odesa, Ukraine, and written in Russian. He also preferred not to spread his findings. He understood that it was a dangerous experiment and potentially controversial. It was, however, reported by J. Motschukoffsky in a German medical journal *Centralblatt für die Medicinischen Wissenschaften*, but the underlying cause of how malaria cured psychosis was not understood, and Rosenblum's experiment remained unknown for several decades. Rosenblum never repeated the study or tried to develop specific method for the medical treatment. The importance of the study was realised only in 1938 when Austrian physician Julius Wagner-Jauregg discussed the research at the International Neurological Congress in London.

In 1943, Samuel J. Zakon at the Northwestern University Medical School in Chicago, US, acquired the original paper of Rosenblum and published an English translation with commentary in the *Journal of the American Medical Association*. The commentary concluded:

> Rosenblium \[alternative spelling\] was certainly the first to appreciate the curative effect of fever itself on the psychoses. He understood and reported on the value of malaria and typhoid in the treatment of mental disease. He was the first to inoculate psychotic patients with a febrile disease. Rosenblium, though practically forgotten for over half a century, must be acknowledged as the true pioneer in this field.

## Rediscovery and clinical application

Although the priority of using malaria therapy in brain disorders is generally attributed to Rosenblum, the credit of developing malaria therapy as a standard medical practice and explaining the underlying scientific principle is to Austrian physician Julius Wagner-Jauregg. Wagner-Jauregg, working at the First Psychiatry Clinic at the Asylum of Lower Austria, investigated cases of brain disorders since 1883, publishing his first paper on psychosis in 1887 titled "*Über die Einwirkung fieberhafter Erkrankungen auf Psychosen*" ("The Effect of Feverish Disease on Psychoses"). He soon realised that a severe type of psychosis was related to neurosyphilis, an infection of the central nervous system with syphilis (caused by a bacterium identified in 1905 as *Spirochaeta pallida*, later renamed *Treponema pallidum*). Syphilis was at the time a deadly disease characterised by delusions, paralysis, and dementia; and known as "The Great Pox" and the "disease of the century." Neurosyphilis was prevalent in Europe during the 19th century, leading to an increased asylum population during this period.

Wagner-Jauregg came to the conclusion that fever could cure psychosis after reviewing his own experiments and the historical accounts based on three phenomena: (a) the appearance of fever coincided with the disappearance of the symptoms of psychosis in medical history; (b) his findings that fever was the only possible cause for the cure of psychosis; and (c) although all psychotic individuals were not cured, the number of cures increased whenever malaria spread. He made three postulates:

1. The agent of treatment, febrile disease, while curing mental disorder, can still induce disease in healthy people.
2. Febrile disease strengthens (makes healthier) individuals with mental disorder.
3. Elevation of body temperature due to febrile disease is key to suppressing psychotic symptoms.


abstract: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Hall County, Nebraska. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Hall County, Nebraska, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map. There are 28 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.           This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.

text:
# National Register of Historic Places listings in Hall County, Nebraska

This is a list of the **National Register of Historic Places listings in Hall County, Nebraska**.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Hall County, Nebraska, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 28 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

*This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.*

## Current listings

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4th Street Commercial Historic District |  | July 1, 2019
(#100004141) | Roughly bounded by alley S of 5th St., N. Sycamore St., Union Pacific RR Tracks, and N. Cedar St.
40°55′39″N 98°20′38″W / 40.9276°N 98.3440°W / 40.9276; -98.3440 (4th Street Commercial Historic District) | Grand Island |  |
| 2 | H.J. Bartenbach House |  | December 8, 1986
(#86003385) | 720 W. Division
40°55′13″N 98°20′43″W / 40.920278°N 98.345278°W / 40.920278; -98.345278 (H.J. Bartenbach House) | Grand Island |  |
| 3 | Burlington Railroad Depot |  | December 2, 2014
(#14001013) | 603 N. Plum St.
40°55′57″N 98°20′16″W / 40.9324°N 98.3378°W / 40.9324; -98.3378 (Burlington Railroad Depot) | Grand Island |  |
| 4 | Cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary |  | July 15, 1982
(#82003189) | 204 S. Cedar St.
40°55′16″N 98°20′32″W / 40.921111°N 98.342222°W / 40.921111; -98.342222 (Cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary) | Grand Island |  |
| 5 | Evangelische Lutherische Dreienigkeit Kirche |  | December 1, 1986
(#86003378) | 512 E. 2nd St.
40°55′38″N 98°20′04″W / 40.927222°N 98.334444°W / 40.927222; -98.334444 (Evangelische Lutherische Dreienigkeit Kirche) | Grand Island |  |
| 6 | Heinrich Giese House |  | July 26, 2006
(#06000641) | 2226 S. Blaine
40°53′59″N 98°21′55″W / 40.899722°N 98.365278°W / 40.899722; -98.365278 (Heinrich Giese House) | Grand Island |  |
| 7 | Glade-Donald House |  | September 12, 1985
(#85002140) | 1004 W. Division
40°55′09″N 98°20′53″W / 40.919167°N 98.348056°W / 40.919167; -98.348056 (Glade-Donald House) | Grand Island |  |
| 8 | Gloe Brothers Service Station |  | July 5, 2000
(#00000768) | 609 E. 11th St.
40°49′20″N 98°35′38″W / 40.822222°N 98.593889°W / 40.822222; -98.593889 (Gloe Brothers Service Station) | Wood River |  |
| 9 | Grand Island Carnegie Library |  | May 2, 1975
(#75001094) | 321 W. 2nd St.
40°55′25″N 98°20′30″W / 40.923611°N 98.341667°W / 40.923611; -98.341667 (Grand Island Carnegie Library) | Grand Island |  |
| 10 | Grand Island FCC Monitoring Station |  | January 16, 1973
(#73001064) | 609 N. Monitor Road
40°55′33″N 98°26′08″W / 40.925833°N 98.435556°W / 40.925833; -98.435556 (Grand Island FCC Monitoring Station) | Grand Island |  |
| 11 | Grand Island Historic District |  | December 13, 2017
(#100001800) | Multiple
40°55′32″N 98°20′28″W / 40.925453°N 98.341037°W / 40.925453; -98.341037 (Grand Island Historic District) | Grand Island |  |
| 12 | Grand Island Senior High School |  | November 22, 1999
(#99001390) | 504 Elm St.
40°55′44″N 98°21′01″W / 40.928889°N 98.350278°W / 40.928889; -98.350278 (Grand Island Senior High School) | Grand Island |  |
| 13 | Grand Island United States Post Office and Courthouse |  | February 14, 2006
(#06000044) | 203 W. 2nd St.
40°55′27″N 98°20′25″W / 40.924167°N 98.340278°W / 40.924167; -98.340278 (Grand Island United States Post Office and Courthouse) | Grand Island |  |
| 14 | Grand Island VA Hospital |  | July 13, 2018
(#100002664) | 2201 N Broadwell Ave.
40°56′35″N 98°21′25″W / 40.9431°N 98.3569°W / 40.9431; -98.3569 (Grand Island VA Hospital) | Grand Island |  |
| 15 | Hall County Courthouse |  | September 15, 1977
(#77000831) | 1st and Locust
40°55′25″N 98°20′20″W / 40.923611°N 98.338889°W / 40.923611; -98.338889 (Hall County Courthouse) | Grand Island |  |
| 16 | Hamilton-Donald House |  | March 13, 1986
(#86000390) | 820 W. 2nd St.
40°55′18″N 98°20′52″W / 40.921667°N 98.347778°W / 40.921667; -98.347778 (Hamilton-Donald House) | Grand Island |  |
| 17 | Andrew M. Hargis House |  | June 9, 1978
(#78001700) | 1109 W. 2nd St.
40°55′13″N 98°21′00″W / 40.920278°N 98.35°W / 40.920278; -98.35 (Andrew M. Hargis House) | Grand Island |  |
| 18 | The Hotel Yancey |  | December 13, 1984
(#84000504) | 123 N. Locust St.
40°55′28″N 98°20′23″W / 40.924444°N 98.339722°W / 40.924444; -98.339722 (The Hotel Yancey) | Grand Island |  |
| 19 | Lee Huff Apartment Complex |  | July 1, 1994
(#94000652) | 213-215½ S. Walnut St., 324 W. Koenig St., and 316-318½ W. Koenig St.
40°55′16″N 98°20′25″W / 40.921111°N 98.340278°W / 40.921111; -98.340278 (Lee Huff Apartment Complex) | Grand Island |  |
| 20 | Liederkranz |  | November 30, 1978
(#78001701) | 401 W. 1st St.
40°55′21″N 98°20′30″W / 40.9225°N 98.341667°W / 40.9225; -98.341667 (Liederkranz) | Grand Island |  |
| 21 | Lincoln Highway-Grand Island Seedling Mile |  | April 24, 2013
(#13000198) | Seedling Mile Rd.
40°55′51″N 98°19′27″W / 40.9309°N 98.3241°W / 40.9309; -98.3241 (Lincoln Highway-Grand Island Seedling Mile) | Grand Island |  |
| 22 | Nine Bridges Bridge |  | June 29, 1992
(#92000716) | Private road over the Middle Channel of the Platte River, 3.9 miles north of Doniphan
40°49′40″N 98°22′47″W / 40.8278°N 98.3797°W / 40.8278; -98.3797 (Nine Bridges Bridge) | Doniphan |  |
| 23 | Oscar Roeser House |  | June 25, 1982
(#82003190) | 721 W. Koenig St.
40°55′09″N 98°20′40″W / 40.9192°N 98.3444°W / 40.9192; -98.3444 (Oscar Roeser House) | Grand Island |  |
| 24 | Shady Bend Gas Station, Grocery, and Diner |  | July 2, 2008
(#08000601) | 3609 E. U.S. Route 30
40°56′19″N 98°18′03″W / 40.9386°N 98.3007°W / 40.9386; -98.3007 (Shady Bend Gas Station, Grocery, and Diner) | Grand Island |  |
| 25 | Soldiers and Sailors Home |  | March 1, 2021
(#100006191) | 2300 West Capital Ave.
40°56′46″N 98°22′03″W / 40.9462°N 98.3675°W / 40.9462; -98.3675 (Soldiers and Sailors Home) | Grand Island |  |
| 26 | Stolley Homestead Site |  | March 16, 1972
(#72001584) | Stolley Park
40°54′02″N 98°21′33″W / 40.9006°N 98.3593°W / 40.9006; -98.3593 (Stolley Homestead Site) | Grand Island |  |
| 27 | Stuhr Museum of the Prairie Pioneer |  | June 29, 2015
(#15000396) | 3133 US 34
40°53′02″N 98°22′24″W / 40.8839°N 98.3733°W / 40.8839; -98.3733 (Stuhr Museum of the Prairie Pioneer) | Grand Island |  |
| 28 | Townsley-Murdock Immigrant Trail Site |  | March 5, 1998
(#98000194) | Approximately 1.5 miles south of Alda
40°50′42″N 98°28′27″W / 40.845°N 98.4742°W / 40.845; -98.4742 (Townsley-Murdock Immigrant Trail Site) | Alda |  |


title: Wiljan Vloet

abstract: Wiljan Vloet is a Dutch football manager, executive and former player. He serves as the sporting director of FC Den Bosch.

text:
# Wiljan Vloet

**Wiljan Vloet** (born 10 September 1962) is a Dutch football manager, executive and former player. He serves as the sporting director of FC Den Bosch.

## Playing career

As a footballer, Vloet never played for a professional club. He started his career at hometown club RKSV Schijndel from Brabant, with whom he reached the Eerste Klasse. In 1979, he moved to Friesland at the age of 16, where he went to study at the CIOS, a vocational education centered around physical education. He went to play for VV Heerenveen in Friesland after being considered unfit for the professional branch of the club, SC Heerenveen, after a trial. Vloet played with VV Heerenveen in the Derde Klasse of amateur football. Vloet would, however, begin coaching at SC Heerenveen, where he took care of one of the under-15 team. In 1982, he returned to Brabant and started playing for RKSV Schijndel again. After a year, however, he decided to return to Friesland to coach at VV Akkrum, located close to Heerenveen, and to play at Dijka Steenwijk, where coaching legend Foppe de Haan became his head coach.

## Managerial career

Vloet started working as coach in 1979, when he took charge of the youth team of amateurs VV Heerenveen while still playing there. In 1984, he took his first head coaching job, at amateurs SV Heusden. In 1999, after six seasons in charge of Hoofdklasse club OJC Rosmalen, he was appointed by Den Bosch as youth coach; in 2001 he received head coaching duties at the same club, being however unable to save it from relegation to the Eerste Divisie. He successively moved to Roda JC, where he stayed in charge from 2002 to 2005. He then moved to Sparta Rotterdam and was replaced at the end of the 2006–07 season by Gert Aandewiel, who came over from HFC Haarlem. Vloet then signed with ADO Den Haag, who he guided back to the Eredivisie in the spring of 2008. He then worked as youth coach of PSV until November 2009, when he was appointed head coach of Eredivisie club NEC. After two seasons in charge of the Nijmegen club, he left in June 2011 to accept a move back at Sparta Rotterdam, this time as technical director for the club.

Vloet signed a three-year deal with Greek club Niki Volos in June 2014, who had just been promoted to the Super League at the time. After losing the first three consecutive league matches to Olympiacos, Atromitos and PAOK, the club dismissed him three months after his arrival.

On 10 February 2016, Den Bosch announced Vloet would succeed René van Eck as manager of the club, thereby starting his second term at the club. In March 2017, he was promoted to the position of director of football within the club. In that role he became responsible for the entire youth academy and the club's scouting apparatus. He signed a contract for an indefinite period. He was succeeded at the head coach position by Wil Boessen.

## Electoral history

Electoral history of Wiljan Vloet
| Year | Body | Party | | Pos. | Votes | Result | | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Party seats | | | Individual ||
| 2021 | House of Representatives |  | Christian Democratic Appeal | 71/76 | 17 | 15 | Lost |  |

1. "Jeugdige trainer voor Steenswijk". *Nieuwsblad van het Noorden* (in Dutch). No. 55. Groningen: Nieuwenhuis. 6 March 1985. p. 29. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
2. "'Foppe maakte het bed op, ik trek de lakens recht'". *Leeuwarder Courant* (in Dutch). Leeuwarden: Stichting Leeuwarder courant 1947. 26 October 1985. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
3. "Wiljan Vloet vertrekt naar Sparta Rotterdam, Alex Pastoor wordt de nieuwe hoofdtrainer van N.E.C." *N.E.C. Nijmegen* (in Dutch). 6 April 2011. Retrieved 8 June 2011.
4. "Vloet aan de slag als trainer in Griekenland". *Voetbal International* (in Dutch). 18 June 2014. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
5. "Vloet ontslagen: 'Voorzitter ging over de rooie'". *Voetbal International* (in Dutch). 14 September 2014. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
6. "Vloet bedenkt zich en wordt coach van Den Bosch". *fcupdate.nl* (in Dutch). 10 February 2016. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
7. Martens, Jan (2 March 2017). "Wiljan Vloet stopt als trainer en wordt manager voetbalzaken bij FC Den Bosch". *Brabants Dagblad* (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 October 2020.
8. "Boessen na Thaise avonturen aan de slag bij Den Bosch". *Voetbal International* (in Dutch). 8 April 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
9. "Proces-verbaal verkiezingsuitslag Tweede Kamer 2021" \[Report of the election results House of Representatives 2021\] (PDF). *Dutch Electoral Council* (in Dutch). 29 March 2021.

## InfoBox

Wiljan Vloet
| Vloet with ADO Den Haag in 2007 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Date of birth | (1962-09-10) 10 September 1962 | | |
| Place of birth | Schijndel, Netherlands | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | RKSV Schijndel | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 0000–1979 | RKSV Schijndel | 182 | (69) |
| 1979–1982 | VV Heerenveen | 94 | (12) |
| 1982–1983 | RKSV Schijndel | 33 | (12) |
| 1983–1984 | Dijka Steenwijk | 24 | (4) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 1984–1985 | SV Heusden | | |
| 1985–1987 | Dijka Steenwijk | | |
| 1987–1989 | Cuijk | | |
| 1989–1993 | Sparta '25 | | |
| 1993–1999 | OJC Rosmalen | | |
| 2001–2002 | Den Bosch | | |
| 2002–2005 | Roda JC | | |
| 2005–2007 | Sparta Rotterdam | | |
| 2007–2008 | ADO Den Haag | | |
| 2009–2011 | NEC | | |
| 2014 | Niki Volos | | |
| 2016–2017 | Den Bosch | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Wally Chalmers (cricketer)

abstract: Walter Rochfort Chalmers was a South African cricketer. He played in 48 first-class matches from 1951/52 to 1963/64. Chalmers was born in East London and educated at Dale College in King William's Town. He was a slow left-arm orthodox spin bowler who was considered one of the best spin bowlers in South Africa during the 1950s, but his chances of playing Test cricket were hampered by his lack of ability as a batsman and fielder. Chalmers' best first-class bowling figures were 6 for 55 when Border defeated North Eastern Transvaal in the Currie Cup in 1954-55. He took 5 for 133 for Border against the touring English team in 1956–57.

text:
# Wally Chalmers (cricketer)

**Walter Rochfort Chalmers** (27 July 1934 – 18 July 2011) was a South African cricketer. He played in 48 first-class matches from 1951/52 to 1963/64.

Chalmers was born in East London and educated at Dale College in King William's Town. He was a slow left-arm orthodox spin bowler who was considered one of the best spin bowlers in South Africa during the 1950s, but his chances of playing Test cricket were hampered by his lack of ability as a batsman and fielder.

Chalmers' best first-class bowling figures were 6 for 55 (match figures of 59.3–26–96–8, eight-ball overs) when Border defeated North Eastern Transvaal in the Currie Cup in 1954-55. He took 5 for 133 for Border against the touring English team in 1956–57.

## InfoBox

Wally Chalmers
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Walter Rochfort Chalmers |
| Born | (1934-07-27)27 July 1934
East London, South Africa |
| Died | 18 July 2011(2011-07-18) (aged 76)
Cape Town, South Africa |
| Batting | Left-handed |
| Bowling | Slow left-arm orthodox |
| Role | Bowler |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1951/52–1959/60 | Border |
| 1960/61–1962/63 | Orange Free State |
| 1963/64 | Western Province |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition FC  Matches 48  Runs scored 181  Batting average 4.89  100s/50s 0/0  Top score 12  Balls bowled 11,912  Wickets 167  Bowling average 24.41  5 wickets in innings 8  10 wickets in match 0  Best bowling 6/55  Catches/stumpings 19/– | |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 21 April 2024 | |


title: William Thomson (musicologist)

abstract: William Thomson was a Scottish folk song collector and singer. He is said to have been the son of Daniel Thomson, one of the king's trumpeters for Scotland. As a boy singer, he sang at a concert – The Feast of St. Cecillia – in 1695. Before 1722, he had settled in London, and according to Charles Burney had a benefit concert that year. He appears to have become a fashionable singer, as his volume, dedicated to Caroline of Ansbach, Princess of Wales, contains a lengthy list of notable persons as subscribers. He was the editor of the first collection of Scottish folk songs published together with their melodies. This is a folio named Orpheus Caledonius, a collection of the best Scotch songs set to Musick, entered at Stationers' Hall on 5 January 1725. The book consists of 50 songs with their airs, along with a simple accompaniment. A second volume, in two volumes octavo, had another 50 added. The two editions are interesting and valuable, although Sir John Hawkins described him as "a tradesman" and said that his collection was injudicious and incorrect. The words of the songs were largely taken from Allan Ramsay's Tea-Table Miscellany, published in 1724.

text:
# William Thomson (musicologist)

**William Thomson** (*fl.* 1695–1753) was a Scottish folk song collector and singer.

He is said to have been the son of Daniel Thomson, one of the king's trumpeters for Scotland. As a boy singer, he sang at a concert – *The Feast of St. Cecillia* – in 1695. Before 1722, he had settled in London, and according to Charles Burney had a benefit concert that year. He appears to have become a fashionable singer, as his volume, dedicated to Caroline of Ansbach, Princess of Wales, contains a lengthy list of notable persons as subscribers.

He was the editor of the first collection of Scottish folk songs published together with their melodies. This is a folio named *Orpheus Caledonius, a collection of the best Scotch songs set to Musick*, entered at Stationers' Hall on 5 January 1725. The book consists of 50 songs with their airs, along with a simple accompaniment. A second volume, in two volumes octavo, had another 50 added.

The two editions are interesting and valuable, although Sir John Hawkins described him as "a tradesman" and said that his collection was injudicious and incorrect. The words of the songs were largely taken from Allan Ramsay's *Tea-Table Miscellany*, published in 1724.


title: Pra'

abstract: Pra' is a western neighbourhood of Genoa, located between Pegli and Voltri with which it forms the western (Ponente) district of Genoa, Municipio VII. The inhabitants of Pra' are called praesi in Italian; however, natives of the locality prefer to be called praíni. Pra' was an autonomous municipality from 1797 to 1926, and was divided into five hamlets called casali: Torre, Pra', Sapello, Palmaro and Palmaro Carbone. In 1926, with the creation of Greater Genoa through the incorporation of nineteen municipalities by the Fascist regime, Pra' was added to the municipality of Genoa.

text:
# Pra'

**Pra'** (elision of the original Latin name *Prata Veituriorum*) is a western neighbourhood of Genoa, located between Pegli and Voltri with which it forms the western (*Ponente*) district of Genoa, *Municipio VII*.

The inhabitants of Pra' are called *praesi* in Italian; however, natives of the locality prefer to be called *praíni* (from Genoese *praín*).

Pra' was an autonomous municipality from 1797 to 1926, and was divided into five hamlets called *casali*: Torre, Pra' (later Borgo Foce), Sapello, Palmaro and Palmaro Carbone. In 1926, with the creation of Greater Genoa through the incorporation of nineteen municipalities by the Fascist regime, Pra' was added to the municipality of Genoa.

## InfoBox

| Pra' | |
| --- | --- |
| Quartiere | |
| Nighttime panorama | |
| Pra'Location in Italy | |
| Coordinates: 44°25′36″N 8°47′27″E / 44.42667°N 8.79083°E / 44.42667; 8.79083 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Liguria |
| Province | Province of Genoa |
| Comune | Genoa |
| Area | |
| Total | 18.5 km2 (7.1 sq mi) |
| Population (2017) | |
| Total | 20,025 |
| Demonyms |  |
| Area code | 010 |


title: Prague 15

abstract: Prague 15 is a municipal district in Prague, Czech Republic. It is located in the south eastern part. The administrative district of the same name comprises municipal districts Prague 15, Horní Měcholupy, Dolní Měcholupy, Dubeč, Petrovice and Štěrboholy.

text:
# Prague 15

**Prague 15** is a municipal district (*městská část*) in Prague, Czech Republic. It is located in the south eastern part.

The administrative district (*správní obvod*) of the same name comprises municipal districts Prague 15, Horní Měcholupy, Dolní Měcholupy, Dubeč, Petrovice and Štěrboholy.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 1,109 |  |
| 1880 | 1,274 | +14.9% |
| 1890 | 1,529 | +20.0% |
| 1900 | 1,809 | +18.3% |
| 1910 | 2,520 | +39.3% |
| 1921 | 3,375 | +33.9% |
| 1930 | 5,541 | +64.2% |
| 1950 | 6,552 | +18.2% |
| 1961 | 6,740 | +2.9% |
| 1970 | 6,917 | +2.6% |
| 1980 | 12,547 | +81.4% |
| 1991 | 27,454 | +118.8% |
| 2001 | 27,410 | −0.2% |
| 2011 | 31,296 | +14.2% |
| 2021 | 35,167 | +12.4% |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## Twin towns / sister cities

## InfoBox

| Prague 15 Praha 15 | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipal District of Prague
Administrative District of Prague | |
| Town hall of Prague 15 (Horní Měcholupy) | |
|  | |
| Location of Prague 15 in Prague | |
| Coordinates: 50°2′48″N 14°33′24″E / 50.04667°N 14.55667°E / 50.04667; 14.55667 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | Prague |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Michal Fišer |
| Area | |
| Total | 10.24 km2 (3.95 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 35,167 |
| Density | 3,400/km2 (8,900/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 102 00, 109 00 |
| Website | http://www.praha15.cz |


title: Prague 18

abstract: Prague 18 is a municipal district in Prague. It is located in the north-eastern part of the city. It is formed by one cadastre Letňany. Prague 18 has 21,702 inhabitants as of 2021. The administrative district of the same name consists of municipal districts Prague 18 and Čakovice.

text:
# Prague 18

**Prague 18** is a municipal district (*městská část*) in Prague. It is located in the north-eastern part of the city. It is formed by one cadastre Letňany. Prague 18 has 21,702 inhabitants as of 2021.

The administrative district (*správní obvod*) of the same name consists of municipal districts Prague 18 and Čakovice.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 395 |  |
| 1880 | 440 | +11.4% |
| 1890 | 606 | +37.7% |
| 1900 | 707 | +16.7% |
| 1910 | 754 | +6.6% |
| 1921 | 718 | −4.8% |
| 1930 | 1,527 | +112.7% |
| 1950 | 2,040 | +33.6% |
| 1961 | 2,550 | +25.0% |
| 1970 | 3,619 | +41.9% |
| 1980 | 10,666 | +194.7% |
| 1991 | 14,432 | +35.3% |
| 2001 | 14,275 | −1.1% |
| 2011 | 16,996 | +19.1% |
| 2021 | 21,702 | +27.7% |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## InfoBox

| Prague 18 Praha 18 | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipal District of Prague
Administrative District of Prague | |
| Aerial view of Letňany | |
|  | |
| Location of Prague 18 in Prague | |
| Coordinates: 50°8′10″N 14°30′36″E / 50.13611°N 14.51000°E / 50.13611; 14.51000 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | Prague |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Zdeněk Kučera |
| Area | |
| Total | 5.61 km2 (2.17 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 21,702 |
| Density | 3,900/km2 (10,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 199 00 |
| Website | http://www.praha18.cz |


title: Prague 14

abstract: Prague 14 is a municipal district in Prague since 1994. It is located in the north-eastern part of the city, east of district Prague 9. It consists of four cadastres: Hloubětín (part), Kyje, Černý Most and Hostavice. The administrative district of the same name consists of municipal districts Prague 14 and Dolní Počernice. Two notable historic buildings can be found in the district: Saint Bartholomew church in Kyje and Saint George church in Hloubětín, both founded in the 13th century.

text:
# Prague 14

**Prague 14** is a municipal district in Prague since 1994. It is located in the north-eastern part of the city, east of district Prague 9. It consists of four cadastres: Hloubětín (part), Kyje, Černý Most and Hostavice.

The administrative district (*správní obvod*) of the same name consists of municipal districts Prague 14 and Dolní Počernice.

Two notable historic buildings can be found in the district: Saint Bartholomew church in Kyje and Saint George church in Hloubětín, both founded in the 13th century.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 1,271 |  |
| 1880 | 1,524 | +19.9% |
| 1890 | 2,083 | +36.7% |
| 1900 | 2,605 | +25.1% |
| 1910 | 4,141 | +59.0% |
| 1921 | 4,078 | −1.5% |
| 1930 | 9,553 | +134.3% |
| 1950 | 12,034 | +26.0% |
| 1961 | 12,507 | +3.9% |
| 1970 | 16,019 | +28.1% |
| 1980 | 17,288 | +7.9% |
| 1991 | 24,301 | +40.6% |
| 2001 | 36,778 | +51.3% |
| 2011 | 47,025 | +27.9% |
| 2021 | 47,014 | −0.0% |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## InfoBox

| Prague 14 Praha 14 | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipal District of Prague | |
| St. Bartholomew church in Kyje | |
|  | |
| Location of Prague 14 in Prague | |
| Coordinates: 50°6′10″N 14°33′8″E / 50.10278°N 14.55222°E / 50.10278; 14.55222 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | Prague |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Jiří Zajac |
| Area | |
| Total | 13.53 km2 (5.22 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 47,014 |
| Density | 3,500/km2 (9,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 198 00 |
| Website | http://www.praha14.cz |


# Powerlifting at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Women's +61 kg

The Women's +61 kg para-sport powerlifting event at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland, took place at Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre on 2 August. The weightlifter from Nigeria won the gold.

## Result

| Rank | Athlete | #1 | #2 | #3 | Result | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Loveline Obiji (NGR) | 130 | 140 | 144 | **122.4** |  |
|  | Bose Omolayo (NGR) | ~~125~~ | 127 | ~~132~~ | **113.4** |  |
|  | Joyce Wambui Njuguna (KEN) | 70 | 75 | ~~80~~ | **68.6** |  |
| 4 | Jessica Gray (AUS) | 60 | ~~64~~ | ~~72~~ | **57.3** |  |
|  | Vaster Kyalimpa (UGA) | ~~48~~ | ~~48~~ | ~~48~~ | **DNF** |  |

## InfoBox

| Powerlifting – Women's +61 kg <br>at the 2014 Commonwealth Games | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Venue | Clyde Auditorium |
| Dates | 2 August 2014 |
| Competitors | 5 from 4 nations |
| Winning total weight | 122.4kg |
| Medalists | |
| Nigeria  Nigeria  Kenya | |
|


# Powerlifting at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Men's +72 kg

The Men's +72 kg para-sport powerlifting event at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland, took place at Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre on 2 August. The weightlifter from Nigeria won the gold.

## Result

| Rank | Athlete | #1 | #2 | #3 | Result | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Abdulazeez Ibrahim (NGR) | 217 | ~~222~~ | 224 | **197** |  |
|  | Rajinder Rahelu (IND) | 182 | 185 | ~~189~~ | **180.5** |  |
|  | Jong Yee Khie (MAS) | 195 | 202 | 206 | **178** |  |
| 4 | Michael Yule (SCO) | 172 | 177 | ~~183~~ | **172.9** |  |
| 5 | Mohd Shahmil Md Saad (MAS) | 192 | 197 | 200 | **168.8** |  |
| 6 | Ruben Soroseb (NAM) | 195 | 200 | ~~205~~ | **167.4** |  |
| 7 | Maurice Francis Biwole Nkodo (CMR) | ~~165~~ | 165 | 172 | **162.6** |  |
| 8 | Theogene Hakizimana (RWA) | ~~173~~ | 173 | ~~180~~ | **158.1** |  |
| 9 | Leigh Bruce Skinner (AUS) | 160 | 164 | ~~166~~ | **155.7** |  |
| 10 | Benjamin Wright (AUS) | 163 | 167 | ~~171~~ | **152.1** |  |
| 11 | Timothy Harabe (PNG) | ~~185~~ | ~~185~~ | ~~185~~ | **DNF** |  |

## InfoBox

| Powerlifting – Men's +72 kg <br>at the 2014 Commonwealth Games | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Venue | Clyde Auditorium |
| Dates | 2 August 2014 |
| Competitors | 11 from 9 nations |
| Winning total weight | 197kg |
| Medalists | |
| Nigeria  India  Malaysia | |
|


title: Prangos ferulacea

abstract: Prangos ferulacea, known in Italy as common basilisk is a perennial herbaceous plant present in the Mediterranean Basin, Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, and the Caucasus.

text:
# Prangos ferulacea

***Prangos ferulacea***, known in Italy as **common basilisk** (*basilisco comune*) is a perennial herbaceous plant present in the Mediterranean Basin, Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, and the Caucasus.

## Description

Herbaceous plant 60–150 cm tall, stem has a diameter of 1-2 cm at the base. Its leaves are glabrous and light green, broadly ovate to ovate-triangular or oblong-elliptic and repeatedly pinnate. Its basal leaves have up to 50-80 cm long petioles, at the base they are divided into 3 lobes, each 4-5 times pinnate. Its terminal lobes are linear, lanceolate or almost filiform, with 1 vein, at the apex they are shortly pointed. The lower stem leaves are shorter-stalked and the uppermost are sessile, much smaller and less dissected, with sheaths enclosing the stem. The complex umbels are about 15 cm in diameter, with 6-18 main rays, at the base with a sheath of linear-lanceolate and membranous leaves. Awns are about 1 cm wide. Its petals are about 1 mm long, obovate or elliptic. The fruits are 10-25 mm long, about 10 mm wide, ovoid to elliptical, slightly laterally flattened. Blooms in May-June and bears fruit in June - August. It is pollinated by insects and propagated by seeds.

## Distribution

The species is distributed in Italy and the island of Sicily, Romania, Bulgaria, the Caucasus, Turkey, Armenia and Iran. In Bulgaria, it is found along the Black Sea coast - Medni Rid and Maslen nos, as well as on Bakadzhitsite, up to about 300 m above sea level. It is an endangered species in Bulgaria, included in the Red Book of Bulgaria and in the Bulgarian Law on Biological Diversity. In northern Sicily it grows on limestone in association with endangered fungus *Pleurotus nebrodensis.*

## InfoBox

| *Prangos ferulacea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Apiales |
| Family: | Apiaceae |
| Genus: | *Prangos* |
| Species: | ***P. ferulacea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Prangos ferulacea***<br>(L.) Lindl. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Cachrys alata* Caruel * *Cachrys goniocarpa* Boiss., Diagn. ser. l(10):53 (1849) * *Cachrys prangoides* Boiss. in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 2:76 (1844) * *Laserpitium ferulaceum* L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2:358 (1762) * *Prangos carinata* Gris. ex Degcn in Term.-Tud. Közl. 28:44 (1896). * *Cachrys ferulacea* (L.) Calest. | |


title: Georgslied

abstract: The Georgslied is a set of poems and hymns to Saint George in Old High German. Its likely origin is Saint George's Abbey on the Reichenau monastic island on Lake Constance in Germany, which was founded in 888 and was an important center for the veneration of Saint George. Georgslied was composed towards the end of the 9th century and was partially transcribed by around 1000. The poem in 57 or so verses is found in the Heidelberg manuscript, which also contains one of the texts of the Evangelienbuch of Otfrid of Weissenburg. The partial transcription by a scribe named Wisolf ran into difficulties and he ended with the words: "nequeo Vuisolf". There is no indication of whether Wisolf was writing down an oral text or whether he was copying an earlier written version.

text:
# Georgslied

The **Georgslied** (*Song of St. George*) is a set of poems and hymns to Saint George in Old High German.

Its likely origin is Saint George's Abbey on the Reichenau monastic island on Lake Constance in Germany, which was founded in 888 and was an important center for the veneration of Saint George. Georgslied was composed towards the end of the 9th century and was partially transcribed by around 1000.

The poem in 57 or so verses is found in the Heidelberg manuscript, which also contains one of the texts of the *Evangelienbuch* of Otfrid of Weissenburg (to whom it was formerly attributed). The partial transcription by a scribe named Wisolf ran into difficulties and he ended with the words: "nequeo Vuisolf" ("I am unable. Wisolf"). There is no indication of whether Wisolf was writing down an oral text or whether he was copying an earlier written version.

## Sources

* John Bostock, *A Handbook of Old High German*, 1976 ISBN 0-19-815392-9
* Mary Garland, *The Oxford Companion to German Literature* Oxford University Press, 1997 ISBN 0-19-815896-3, page 274
* C. J. Wells, *German, a linguistic history to 1945* Oxford University Press, 1985

ISBN 0-19-815795-9 page 48


title: Pratap Chand

abstract: Pratap Chand is a former Fijian politician of Indian descent. In the House of Representatives he represented the Nasinu Indian Communal Constituency from 1999 to 2006. He held the seat, one of 19 reserved for Indo-Fijians, for the Fiji Labour Party (FLP) in the general elections of 1999 and 2001. Pratap Chand was noted for his contribution to education in Fiji. He was a long-time primary and secondary school teacher and a secondary school principal. He served the Fiji Teachers Union in a range of positions becoming its General Secretary in 1980, and holding the post until 1999 when he was elected to the House of Representatives. He has served as the Assistant National Secretary and as the National Secretary of the Fiji Trades Union Congress. After the 1999 election, he was appointed the Minister of Education. He escaped being taken hostage during the 2000 coup because he was on a visit to Australia. In 2003, Chand was offered the portfolio of Minister of National Reconciliation and Unity, together with 13 other FLP parliamentarians who were offered cabinet positions by the Prime Minister, Laisenia Qarase but the FLP refused to accept this offer. In early March 2006, Chand announced his decision to retire at the parliamentary election scheduled for 6–13 May. The Fiji Times reported on 11 March that his wife was seriously ill in Australia, but party leader Mahendra Chaudhry said that it was still possible that Chand would contest the election for the FLP. In the end, he did not. He was appointed to the Council of the newly established University of Fiji.

text:
# Pratap Chand

**Pratap Chand** is a former Fijian politician of Indian descent. In the House of Representatives he represented the Nasinu Indian Communal Constituency from 1999 to 2006. He held the seat, one of 19 reserved for Indo-Fijians, for the Fiji Labour Party (FLP) in the general elections of 1999 and 2001.

Pratap Chand was noted for his contribution to education in Fiji. He was a long-time primary and secondary school teacher and a secondary school principal. He served the Fiji Teachers Union in a range of positions becoming its General Secretary in 1980, and holding the post until 1999 when he was elected to the House of Representatives. He has served as the Assistant National Secretary and as the National Secretary of the Fiji Trades Union Congress.

After the 1999 election, he was appointed the Minister of Education. He escaped being taken hostage during the 2000 coup because he was on a visit to Australia.

In 2003, Chand was offered the portfolio of Minister of National Reconciliation and Unity, together with 13 other FLP parliamentarians who were offered cabinet positions by the Prime Minister, Laisenia Qarase but the FLP refused to accept this offer.

In early March 2006, Chand announced his decision to retire at the parliamentary election scheduled for 6–13 May. The Fiji Times reported on 11 March that his wife was seriously ill in Australia, but party leader Mahendra Chaudhry said that it was still possible that Chand would contest the election for the FLP. In the end, he did not.

He was appointed to the Council of the newly established University of Fiji.

1. Pratap Chand - My Opinion
2. Aust could play key role in Fiji crisis: Minister
3. PM announces 14 FLP Ministers Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine

## InfoBox

| Pratap Chand | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of House of Representatives of Fiji
Nasinu Indian Communal Constituency | |
| **In office**
1999–2006 | |
| Succeeded by | Krishna Datt |
| Minister of Education (Fiji) | |
| **In office**
1999–2000 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Political party | Fiji Labour Party |
| Profession | Teacher, Trade Unionist |
|  | |


title: Pratap Chandra Lal

abstract: Air Chief Marshal Pratap Chandra Lal, DFC was the Chief of Air Staff (CAS) of the Indian Air Force (IAF) during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. He served in the IAF from 1939 until his retirement in 1973. He was the CAS at the time of Operation Chengiz Khan, the preemptive strikes that were carried out by the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) that marked the formal initiation of hostilities of the war. Slated to study law in England, Lal instead joined the Air Force Volunteer Reserve at the outbreak of World War II. After serving as a navigation instructor, he trained as a pilot and joined No. 7 Squadron IAF. He later commanded this squadron during the Burma Campaign and mentioned in dispatches as well as being awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross. In 1945, he was absorbed into the permanent cadre of the Indian Air Force. After the Partition of India in 1947, he served as the Director of Planning and Training at Air HQ. In 1949, he attended the RAF Staff College, Andover. He led the Air Force team which brought King Tribhuvan to safety in 1950. Lal served as the Military Secretary to the Cabinet from 1953 to 1956 in the rank of air commodore. He became the first Indian to break the sound barrier, in 1954. After commanding Training Command, he was deputed to the Indian Airlines Corporation for five years. He also served as the general manager of Indian Airlines Corporation from 1957 to 1962. During this time, he fell out of favour with Minister of Defence V. K. Krishna Menon, and his services were terminated in 1962. With the outbreak of the Sino-Indian War, he was re-instated and took over as Air Officer Maintenance at Air HQ. After a short stint heading Western Air Command, he served as the Vice Chief of the Air Staff during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. From 1966 to 1969, Lal served as the managing director and later chairman of Hindustan Aeronautics Limited. Lal took over as the seventh Chief of the Air Staff in 1969. Under his command, the IAF scored a decisive victory against Pakistan in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, which led to the creation of Bangladesh in December 1971. He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan and the Padma Bhushan, the second and third highest civilian awards of India. After retiring from the IAF, Lal served as the chairman and managing director of Indian Airlines and later chairman of Air India.

text:
# Pratap Chandra Lal

Air Chief Marshal **Pratap Chandra Lal**, DFC (6 December 1916 – 13 August 1982) was the Chief of Air Staff (CAS) of the Indian Air Force (IAF) during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. He served in the IAF from 1939 until his retirement in 1973. He was the CAS at the time of Operation Chengiz Khan, the preemptive strikes that were carried out by the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) that marked the formal initiation of hostilities of the war.

Slated to study law in England, Lal instead joined the Air Force Volunteer Reserve at the outbreak of World War II. After serving as a navigation instructor, he trained as a pilot and joined No. 7 Squadron IAF. He later commanded this squadron during the Burma Campaign and mentioned in dispatches as well as being awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross. In 1945, he was absorbed into the permanent cadre of the Indian Air Force. After the Partition of India in 1947, he served as the Director of Planning and Training at Air HQ. In 1949, he attended the RAF Staff College, Andover. He led the Air Force team which brought King Tribhuvan to safety in 1950. Lal served as the Military Secretary to the Cabinet from 1953 to 1956 in the rank of air commodore. He became the first Indian to break the sound barrier, in 1954.

After commanding Training Command, he was deputed to the Indian Airlines Corporation for five years. He also served as the general manager of Indian Airlines Corporation from 1957 to 1962. During this time, he fell out of favour with Minister of Defence V. K. Krishna Menon, and his services were terminated in 1962. With the outbreak of the Sino-Indian War, he was re-instated and took over as Air Officer Maintenance at Air HQ. After a short stint heading Western Air Command, he served as the Vice Chief of the Air Staff during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. From 1966 to 1969, Lal served as the managing director and later chairman of Hindustan Aeronautics Limited.

Lal took over as the seventh Chief of the Air Staff in 1969. Under his command, the IAF scored a decisive victory against Pakistan in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, which led to the creation of Bangladesh in December 1971. He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan and the Padma Bhushan, the second and third highest civilian awards of India. After retiring from the IAF, Lal served as the chairman and managing director of Indian Airlines and later chairman of Air India.

## Early life and education

Lal was born on 6 December 1916 in Ludhiana. He attended the Modern School and the Bishop Cotton School, Shimla. Having qualified for a diploma in journalism at King's College, London in 1938, Lal expected to return to full-time study of law at the Inns of Court in the fall of 1939. With the outbreak of World War II, his plans were shelved.

Since he held a civilian pilot license, Lal was invited to join the Air Force Volunteer reserve. After appearing before the Selection Board at Safdarjung, Lal arrived at the Air Force Station Risalpur (now Pakistan Air Force Academy). Since there was a shortage of navigators, Lal was recruited as a navigator to begin with and would be trained as a pilot later.

## Military career

### World War II

Lal was commissioned in November 1939 as a pilot officer and posted to Karachi as an observer. He was later posted back to Risalpur as a navigation instructor. After a short stint at the Coastal Defence Flight in Calcutta, Lal was posted as a navigation instructor at No. 1 Flying Training School at Ambala. It was here that he was also trained as a pilot. He flew the Hawker Audax and the Hawker Hart.

In 1943, Flight Lieutenant Lal joined, as a combat pilot, No. 7 Squadron, commanded by Squadron Leader Hem Chaudhuri. The squadron was equipped with Vultee A-31 Vengeance dive bombers and supported the Chindits. The squadron also helped in relieving the Siege of Imphal.

In June 1944, Lal was promoted to the acting rank of squadron leader and took command of No. 7 Squadron. Under him, the squadron converted to fighters. From early 1944 to March 1945, the squadron was very active in the Burma Campaign. He led the squadron in a tactical reconnaissance role in support of the XIV Army, from North Burma all the way till Rangoon. He was mentioned in dispatches in December 1944. In October 1945, Lal was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC).

The citation for his DFC reads as follows:

> **CITATION**
> **Acting Squadron Leader Pratap Chandra Lal**
> **(IND.1567), 7 (RIAF) Squadron**
>
> Sqn Ldr Lal has completed a considerable number of operational sorties, He is the Commanding Officer of a squadron which has been employed on photographic reconnaissance in support of the Fourteenth Army in the Irrawaddy Valley. He has shown exceptional qualities and keenness and has completed many hazardous sorties in the wake of strong enemy opposition. He has frequently penetrated deep into enemy territory in search of important information. By his coolness and determination, Sqn Ldr Lal has set a fine example to all his pilots.

After the war, Lal was absorbed into the permanent cadre of the IAF. He moved to the Manning department at Air Headquarters. In August 1946, he took over the inter-service recruiting centre at Calcutta. He was sent for a senior commanders' course to the United Kingdom in December 1946.

### Post-Independence

On 15 August 1947, with the Partition of India, a new Air Headquarters of the Dominion of India was formed. Lal was appointed the Director of Planning and Training at Air HQ. In November 1947, he was promoted to the acting rank of group captain. Realising that the planning and training were vast responsibilities, it was divided into two departments. In late 1948, Group Captain Arjan Singh took over as Director of Training, while Lal continued as Director of Planning.

Along with Group Captain Minoo Merwan Engineer, Lal embarked for United Kingdom, having been selected to attend the RAF Staff College, Andover in May 1949. After completing the year-long course, he returned to India and was appointed Senior Air Staff Officer of No. 1 Operational Command (later Western Air Command), serving in that capacity for three years.

In November 1950, there were tensions in the Kingdom of Nepal. King Tribhuvan faced a coup d'état from the Rana dynasty. He took refuge in the Indian embassy. With two Dakota aircraft, Lal led the Indian Air Force team that brought the king to safety in New Delhi. In January 1953, he was promoted to the acting rank of air commodore and posted to the Cabinet Secretariat as deputy secretary (military). He led a team of three in October 1954, consisting of Group Captain (later Air Chief Marshal) Hrushikesh Moolgavkar and Flight Lieutenant (later air commodore) Roshan Lal Suri, to Europe to select new aircraft for the IAF. The team rejected the Supermarine Swift and chose the Folland Gnat, a decision which would serve India and the IAF well during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. During this tour, he became the first Indian to break the sound barrier. After a three-year stint at the Cabinet Secretariat, he took over as the air officer commanding Training Command in Bangalore.

### Indian Airlines Corporation

In November 1957, Lal's services were loaned to the Indian Airlines Corporation (IAC) for five years. He took over as the general manager of IAC. He simultaneously served as a member of the board of directors of IAC and Air India. The IAC fleet was modernised and the company showed its first profits during his tenure. During this time, the IAF and the IAC were looking for a replacement for the Dakotas. The three aircraft in the fray were the Hawker Siddeley HS 748, the Fokker F27 Friendship and the Lockheed CL-49. The minister of defence, V. K. Krishna Menon, wanted the HS 748 while Lal had his doubts. Eventually, Krishna Menon had his way and the HS 748 was selected to be manufactured in India. In November 1959, Lal was promoted to the acting rank of air vice marshal.

In November 1960, Air India inaugurated its service to Tokyo, Japan. Lal and Air Marshal Subroto Mukerjee, then Chief the Air Staff (CAS) were passengers on this flight. After landing in Tokyo, on 8 November 1960, Mukerjee was having a meal in a restaurant with a friend, an officer in the Indian Navy. A piece of food got lodged in his windpipe, choking him to death. Before a doctor was called for and could attend, Mukerjee had died. The next day, Lal came back with Mukerjee's body to Palam Airport, New Delhi.

The falling out with Menon led to Lal being informed that his services were no longer required by the IAF at the end of his term with IAC in September 1962. His services were not required by the Ministry of Civil Aviation either. The prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, offered him a job in a public sector steel mill but Lal refused. On 30 September 1962, he was paid out provident fund, pension and gratuity and left the service.

### Return to IAF

In October 1962, the Sino-Indian War broke out and with the defeat came Menon's resignation on 31 October. Lal was re-instated in service in December as Air Officer Maintenance at Air Headquarters. After about a year as AOM, he was appointed Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Air Command which was recently upgraded to a full-fledged command. Lal then took over as the Vice Chief of the Air Staff (VCAS) in from Air Marshal Arjan Singh who assumed office as the Chief of the Air Staff.

During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, Lal served as the VCAS. For distinguished service of a high order during the war, he was awarded the Padma Bhushan. On 15 January 1966, in recognition of the contribution of the IAF, the post of the CAS was upgraded to the rank of Air Chief Marshal and that of the VCAS to the rank of Air Marshal. Lal was promoted to the acting rank of air marshal, the first VCAS to hold the rank.

### Hindustan Aeronautics Limited

In September 1966, Lal was deputed to the Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) and took over as the managing director. He brought about many innovations at HAL. He brought in a management specialist from the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad to take a fresh look at problems. A management information system was introduced for the first time. To improve productivity and lower costs, a production planning and control system was introduced. Under Lal, corporate policies regarding multiple aspects of human resource management were framed. He was instrumental in the establishment of the production lines for the new Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 and Folland Gnat fighters, and HS 748 transport aircraft.

### Chief of Air Staff

On 16 July 1969, Lal was promoted to the rank of air chief marshal, the fourth Indian officer to hold the rank, and assumed the office of Chief of the Air Staff.

#### Indo-Pakistani War of 1971

The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was sparked by the Bangladesh Liberation War, a conflict between the traditionally dominant West Pakistanis and the majority East Pakistanis. In 1970, East Pakistanis demanded autonomy for the state, but the Pakistani government failed to satisfy these demands and, in early 1971, a demand for secession took root in East Pakistan. In March, the Pakistan Armed Forces launched a fierce campaign to curb the secessionists, the latter including soldiers and police from East Pakistan. Thousands of East Pakistanis died, and nearly ten million refugees fled to West Bengal, a neighbouring Indian state. In April, India decided to assist in the formation of the new nation of Bangladesh.

The war started on 3 December 1971 with Operation Chengiz Khan. Aircraft of the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) mounted simultaneous attacks on seven IAF bases – Srinagar, Awantipur, Pathankot, Uttarlai, Jodhpur, Ambala and Agra. A radar station on the border was also hit. The IAF struck back. By 21:00hrs, the Canberras of the No. 35 Squadron and No. 106 Squadron, as well as No. 5 and No. 16 Squadrons, were armed for a foray deep into Pakistan. These flew against eight Western Pakistani airbases: Murid, Mianwali, Sargodha, Chandhar, Risalewala, Rafiqui, and Masroor. In total, 23 combat sorties were launched that night, inflicting heavy damage on Sargodha and Masroor airbases. The PAF units stationed on these airfields had to operate from taxiways for the following two days. Through the night the Indian Air Force also struck the main East Pakistani airfields of Tejgaon, and later Kurmitola. At the same time, the Indian Air Force was deploying additional aircraft to its forward airfields for strikes that were to follow the next morning. Within days, India achieved air superiority.

Lal ensured that the Indian Army and the IAF worked closely with each other. The advance HQs of Western Air Command and Eastern Air Command were alongside their respective army commands. The advance HQs, under an air commodore, were responsible for providing support to the Army as required. Each corps HQ under the commands had a tactical air centre, commanded by a group captain, who reported to the advance HQ. In the field, forward air controllers were responsible for directing strikes called out in the support of the Army.

The war lasted less than a fortnight and saw more than 90,000 Pakistani soldiers taken prisoner. It ended with the unconditional surrender of Pakistan's eastern half and resulted in the birth of Bangladesh as a new nation. The IAF flew over 7300 sorties in 14 days, an average of about 500 sorties per day. About 86 PAF aircraft were downed, at the cost of 42 IAF aircraft.

For his services to the nation, Lal was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in January 1972. Lal retired from service on 16 January 1973 after serving for over 33 years. He handed over charge to Air Chief Marshal Om Prakash Mehra.

## Post-retirement

In April 1973, Lal was appointed full-time chairman and managing director (CMD) of the Indian Airlines Corporation (IAC). With the IAC increasing in magnitude and complexity, a need for appointing a full-time CMD was felt. Lal was also a part of the 21-member apex body constituted by the Ministry of Labour to delve into the problems of industrial relations for industries in the private sector. In August 1976, he was removed from the chairmanship after a falling out with Sanjay Gandhi. With the new government being formed in March 1977, Lal was appointed part-time Chairman of Indian Airlines in July. Lal also served as the chairman of the Indian Tube Company, a part of the Tata Group.

In February 1978, J. R. D. Tata, the founder and long-time chairman of Air India was unceremoniously dropped from the board by Prime Minister Morarji Desai. Lal, who was the chairman of Indian Airlines was appointed chairman of Air India as well. Two senior executives, Managing Director K G Appusamy and Deputy Managing Director Nari Dastur, resigned in protest.

## Death and legacy

Lal died of a heart attack while visiting London on 13 August 1982. His body was brought back on an Air India flight. He was cremated with full military honours. Among the pall bearers were the former chief ACM, Arjan Singh, and the serving chief, ACM Dilbagh Singh. Wreaths were laid by the Minister of Defence R Venkataraman and the chiefs of the three service – COAS General K. V. Krishna Rao, CNS Admiral Oscar Stanley Dawson and CAS ACM Dilbagh Singh

Lal was working on his memoirs and the history of the IAF when he died. His wife, Ela Lal edited and completed the book and *My years with the IAF* was published in 1986.

The Indian Air Force won its most decisive victory under the leadership of Lal. He was regarded as an exemplary aviator and administrator. Unlike earlier Chiefs, he was not a fighter jock, but an instructor and manager. The Air Force organises an annual 'Air Chief Marshal P C Lal Memorial lecture'.

## Awards and decorations

|  | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
|  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |
|

|  | Padma Vibhushan | Padma Bhushan |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Samar Seva Star | Poorvi Star | | Paschimi Star |
| Raksha Medal | Sangram Medal | Sainya Seva Medal | Indian Independence Medal |
| 25th Independence Anniversary Medal | 20 Years Long Service Medal | 9 Years Long Service Medal | Distinguished Flying Cross |
| 1939–45 Star | Burma Star | War Medal 1939-1945
(with MID oak leaf) | India Service Medal |

## Dates of rank

| Insignia | Rank | Component | Date of rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Pilot Officer | Royal Indian Air Force | 14 November 1939 |
|  | Flying Officer | Royal Indian Air Force | 14 May 1941 |
|  | Flight Lieutenant | Royal Indian Air Force | 15 May 1942 (acting)
21 September 1944 (substantive) |
|  | Squadron Leader | Royal Indian Air Force | 1 October 1944 (acting)
1 November 1946 (substantive) |
|  | Wing Commander | Indian Air Force | 15 August 1948 |
|  | Group Captain | Indian Air Force | 4 November 1947 (acting) |
|  | Group Captain | Indian Air Force | 26 January 1950 (recommissioning and change in insignia)
15 September 1952 (substantive) |
|  | Air Commodore | Indian Air Force | 28 January 1953 (acting)
1 October 1958 (substantive) |
|  | Air Vice Marshal | Indian Air Force | 14 November 1959 (acting)
1 October 1961 (substantive) |
|  | Air Marshal | Indian Air Force | 15 January 1966 |
|  | Air Chief Marshal
(CAS) | Indian Air Force | 16 July 1969 |
|

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Air Chief MarshalPratap Chandra LalDFC | |
| --- | --- |
| Air Chief Marshal PC Lal | |
|  | |
| 7th Chief of the Air Staff | |
| **In office**
16 July 1969  15 January 1973 | |
| President | V. V. Giri |
| Prime Minister | Indira Gandhi |
| Preceded by | Arjan Singh |
| Succeeded by | Om Prakash Mehra |
| 3rd Vice Chief of the Air Staff | |
| **In office**
1 October 1964  1 September 1966 | |
| Preceded by | Arjan Singh |
| Succeeded by | Ramaswamy Rajaram |
| 2nd Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Air Command | |
| **In office**
24 November 1963  30 September 1964 | |
| Preceded by | Erlic Pinto |
| Succeeded by | Ramaswamy Rajaram |
| 3rd Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Training Command | |
| **In office**
11 January 1956  19 November 1957 | |
| Preceded by | S N Goyal |
| Succeeded by | Kanwar Jaswant Singh |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1916-12-06)6 December 1916
Ludhiana, Punjab Province, British India |
| Died | 13 August 1982(1982-08-13) (aged 65)
London, England |
| Awards | Padma Vibhushan
Padma Bhushan
Distinguished Flying Cross |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | British India (1939–1947)
India (1947–1973) |
| Branch/service | Royal Indian Air Force
Indian Air Force |
| Years of service | 1939-1973 |
| Rank | Air Chief Marshal |
| Commands | Western Air Command
Training Command
No. 7 Squadron |
| Battles/wars | World War II
Indo-Pakistani War (1965)
Indo-Pakistani War (1971) |
|  | |


title: Pradyum Reddy

abstract: Pradhyum Reddy is a Scottish football coach based in India. He is now the CEO of Dempo and also works as football pundit in the Indian Super League and TV show Football United.

text:
# Pradyum Reddy

**Pradhyum Reddy** (born 31 May 1976) is a Scottish football coach based in India. He is now the CEO of Dempo and also works as football pundit in the Indian Super League and TV show Football United.

## Coaching career

### 2011–2012: Shillong Lajong

In 2011, Reddy helped Shillong Lajong to promotion to the I-League by winning the I-League 2nd Division. After successfully keeping the team in the I-League in 2011–12 I-League season, Reddy was moved to the role of Technical Director of the club's Youth Development team. Reddy later resigned due to contractual disputes with the club.

### 2013: DSK Shivajians

After leaving Shillong Lajong, Reddy signed for DSK Shivajians F.C. in the I-League 2nd Division.

### 2013: Assistant with Bengaluru

On 25 June 2013, it was confirmed that Reddy had left DSK and signed with Bengaluru FC of the I-League as the assistant coach.

### Pune City

In 2017, Reddy moved to FC Pune City in the role of assistant coach for their 2017–18 season.

During the 2018–19 season, he was appointed at the Technical Director at the club. However, just three matches into the season, Reddy was appointed at the interim coach of the club, following the sacking of manager Miguel Ángel Portugal on 26 October 2018. He stayed in the role until the 24 December 2018 when Pune City appointed Phil Brown as their new head coach.

## Statistics

### Managerial statistics

*As of 1 January 2019*.

| Team | From | To | Record | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| G | W | D | L | Win % |
| Shillong Lajong | 2011 | 2012 | 37 | 14 | 8 | 15 | 037.84 |
| DSK Shivajians | 2013 | 2013 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 062.50 |
| Pune City | 26 October 2018 | 24 December 2018 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 033.33 |
| Total | | | 54 | 22 | 11 | 21 | 040.74 |

## InfoBox

Pradhyum Reddy
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1976-05-31) 31 May 1976 | | |
| Place of birth | Dumfries, Scotland | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Dempo (CEO) | | |
| Managerial career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | | |
| 2010–2012 | Shillong Lajong | | |
| 2013 | DSK Shivajians | | |
| 2013–2016 | Bengaluru (assistant) | | |
| 2017–2018 | Pune City (assistant) | | |
| 2018 | Pune City (caretaker) | | |
| 2018–2019 | Pune City (technical director) | | |
| 2022– | Dempo (CEO) | | |