title: Murcia tram

abstract: The Murcia tram is a tram/light rail system operational in the Spanish city of Murcia. The 17.5 km (10.9 mi) system opened in 2011 and links the city centre with the northern suburbs.

text:
# Murcia tram

The **Murcia tram** is a tram/light rail system operational in the Spanish city of Murcia. The 17.5 km (10.9 mi) system opened in 2011 and links the city centre with the northern suburbs.

## Background

In April 2007 a 2.2 km (1.4 mi) demonstration line was opened, built by the Tranvimur joint venture of Acciona and Grupo Cívica, along Avenida Juan Carlos I. The trail was deemed successful in August 2008 and the rest of the system was built after a tendering process, which awarded a contract to Sociedad Concesionaria Tranvía de Murcia, a consortium of the companies COMSA EMTE Concesiones and FCC. The contract provided for the construction of the current system and operation of the system for a duration of 40 years at a price of 264 million Euros. The current system opened in 2011.

## Line 1

Line 1 is the principle line of the system and includes 24 of the system's 28 stations. The line starts in the north-west of the city with a three kilometer single direction loop around the campus of the University of Murcia and goes down Avenida Jan Carlos I towards the city centre where it goes through the Plaza Circular. The tram then travels northward along Avenida Don Juan de Borbón, before branching off toward the Estadio Nueva Condomina, where it terminates. The line totals 14.5 kilometers.

## Line 1B

Line 1B is a three kilometer branch line which connects with line 1 at the Los Rectores-Tierra Natura station. The line travels has five stops and terminates at UCAM-Los Jerónimos station adjacent to the Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia.

## Rolling Stock

The system uses a total of 11 Alstom Citadis 302 units. The units were originally purchased by Madrid for use in the Metro Ligero system. Two of the units were used during the pilot line, and the remaining nine were acquired by the construction consortium. The maintenance yard and depot is located directly adjacent to the La Ladera station.

## Network Map

## InfoBox

| Murcia tram | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Alstom Citadis 302 in Murcia | |
| Overview | |
| Native name | *Tranvía de Murcia* |
| Owner | Tranvimur |
| Locale | Murcia, Spain |
| Transit type | Light rail |
| Number of lines | 2 |
| Number of stations | 28 |
| Annual ridership | 5 million |
| Website | Tranvía de Murcia |
| Operation | |
| Began operation | 28 May 2011 |
| Number of vehicles | 11 |
| Technical | |
| System length | 17.5 km (10.9 mi) |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) standard gauge |


title: Lou Yun

abstract: Lou Yun is a retired Chinese gymnast who competed in the 1984 and 1988 Summer Olympic Games, winning the vault twice. Lou Yun began gymnastics training at the Hangzhou Sports School for Amateurs, and in the same year he also entered the provincial sports school of Zhejiang. He was selected for the National Gymnastics team in 1977. Known for his specialty in the vault, he won the 1987 World Championships in that event, in addition to his two gold medals.

text:
# Lou Yun

**Lou Yun** (Chinese: 楼云; pinyin: *Lóu Yún*; born June 23, 1964, in Hangzhou, Zhejiang) is a retired Chinese gymnast who competed in the 1984 and 1988 Summer Olympic Games, winning the vault twice.

Lou Yun began gymnastics training at the Hangzhou Sports School for Amateurs, and in the same year he also entered the provincial sports school of Zhejiang. He was selected for the National Gymnastics team in 1977. Known for his specialty in the vault, he won the 1987 World Championships in that event, in addition to his two gold medals.

## InfoBox

| Lou Yun | |
| --- | --- |
| Country represented | China |
| Born | (1964-06-23) 23 June 1964<br>Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China |
| Hometown | Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China |
| Discipline | Men's artistic gymnastics |
| Medal record      Olympic Games  1984 Los Angeles Vault  1988 Seoul Vault  1984 Los Angeles Team  1984 Los Angeles Floor  1988 Seoul Floor  World Championships  1983 Budapest Team  1983 Budapest Parallel bars  1987 Rotterdam Floor  1987 Rotterdam Vault  1985 Montreal Team  1985 Montreal Vault  1987 Rotterdam Team  1983 Budapest All-around | |


title: Music Hour (Porno Graffitti song)

abstract: Music Hour (ミュージック・アワー) is the third single by the Japanese pop-rock band Porno Graffitti. It was released on July 12, 2000. The song was used in a promotion for Otsuka Pharmaceutical's Pocari Sweat. A cover of the song was performed by Poppin'Party and released as part of the BanG Dream! Girls Band Party! Cover Collection Vol. 4 in 2020.

text:
# Music Hour (Porno Graffitti song)

**Music Hour** (ミュージック・アワー) is the third single by the Japanese pop-rock band Porno Graffitti. It was released on July 12, 2000.

The song was used in a promotion for Otsuka Pharmaceutical's Pocari Sweat. A cover of the song was performed by Poppin'Party and released as part of the *BanG Dream! Girls Band Party! Cover Collection Vol. 4* in 2020.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Music Hour" (ミュージック・アワー) | 4:34 |
| 2. | "PRIME" | 4:30 |
| 3. | "Century Lovers (LIVE!)" | 6:12 |
| 4. | "Music Hour (Instrumental)" (ミュージック・アワー (Backing Track)) | 4:34 |

## InfoBox

| "Music Hour" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Porno Graffitti | |
| from the album  *foo?* | |
| Released | July 12, 2000 |
| Recorded | 2000 |
| Genre | Rock |
| Length | 19:50 |
| Label | SME Records |
| Porno Graffitti singles chronology | |
| "'Hitori no Yoru'"
(2000) "**Music Hour**"
(2000) "'Saudade'"
(2000) | |


title: Multi-pack

abstract: A multi-pack also known as multipack is packaging that combines or holds multiple items or smaller packages.

text:
# Multi-pack

A **multi-pack** also known as **multipack** is packaging that combines or holds multiple items or smaller packages.

## Functions

Multi-packs can be used to:

* Combine several items for a larger unit of sale, often with a reduced individual cost
* Provide a package handle to conveniently carry several items
* Help prevent package pilferage
* Provide a tamper indicating seal
* Reduce environmental impact of secondary packaging
* Keep items clean
* Obscure the bar codes on the individual combined items and provide a new one for the multi-pack

## Methods

A wide variety of materials and procedures are available to combine items or packages into a multi-pack. This can include shrink film, pressure sensitive tape, paper overwrap, adhesives, paperboard carriers, plastic clips, etc.

## Beverages

Beverage cans and bottles are sold in multi-packs such as six-packs, twelve-packs, and cases of 24. These can be paperboard baskets, paperboard overwraps and cartons, corrugated fiberboard boxes, HDPE plastic handles, six-pack rings, and shrink packs.

## Other uses

A wide variety of items and packages are combined into multi-packs for sale.


title: X (Fourplay album)

abstract: X is the ninth studio album by Fourplay, released in 2006.

text:
# X (Fourplay album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***X*** is the ninth studio album by Fourplay, released in 2006.

## Track listing

1. "Turnabout" (Bob James) – 6:21
2. "Cinnamon Sugar" (Larry Carlton) – 4:48
3. "Eastern Sky" (Marcel East, Nathan East) – 6:37
4. "Kid Zero" (Harvey Mason, Sr.) – 4:48
5. "My Love's Leavin'"; feat. Michael McDonald (Vivian Stanshall, Steve Winwood) – 5:11
6. "Screenplay" (Bob James) – 6:04
7. "Twilight Touch" (Harvey Mason, Sr.) – 4:57
8. "Be My Lover" (Larry Carlton, Nathan East) – 4:13
9. "Sunday Morning" (Nathan East) – 3:53

## Personnel

**Fourplay**

**Additional Personnel**

### Production

* Fourplay – producers
* Ken Freeman – co-producer, recording, mixing, keyboard technician
* Kennie Takahashi – recording assistant
* Csaba Petozc – additional engineer (8)
* Shannon Forrest – vocal engineer (5)
* Steve Vavagiakis – mastering at Bang Zoom Mastering (Tappan, New York)
* Rick Wheeler – guitar and bass technician
* Larry Hamby – A&R
* Debbie Johnson – production coordinator
* Frank Harkins – art direction
* Vivian Ng – design
* Michael Waring – photography
* Sonny Abelardo – management

## InfoBox

| X | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Fourplay | |
| Released | August 8, 2006 (2006-08-08) |
| Studio | Glenwood Place Studios and Track Record Studios (Burbank, California) |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Label | Arista |
| Producer | Ken Freeman and Fourplay |
| Fourplay chronology | |
| *Journey*
(2004) ***X***
(2006) *Energy*
(2008) | |


title: Lou Zhenggang

abstract: Lou Zhenggang is a prominent contemporary Chinese artist. Trained in calligraphy from an early age, she attained national fame as a child prodigy, was sent to a government-sponsored fine arts academy and trained by China's masters of calligraphy and ink painting. She won numerous competitions and exhibited both at home and abroad. At the age of 20, Lou moved to Japan, where she soon had several highly acclaimed exhibitions, wrote illustrated columns for prominent local magazines and was featured regularly on a national television program for three years. Though Lou's work is best known in China and Japan, it has been shown in Paris and New York and is held in numerous collections, both public and private. She continues to live and work in Tokyo.

text:
# Lou Zhenggang

**Lou Zhenggang** (Chinese: 婁正綱, pronounced "Lo Jeng Gong" in English, "Ro Sei Ko" in Japanese; born July 8, 1966, in Heilongjiang, China) is a prominent contemporary Chinese artist. Trained in calligraphy from an early age, she attained national fame as a child prodigy, was sent to a government-sponsored fine arts academy and trained by China's masters of calligraphy and ink painting. She won numerous competitions and exhibited both at home and abroad. At the age of 20, Lou moved to Japan, where she soon had several highly acclaimed exhibitions, wrote illustrated columns for prominent local magazines and was featured regularly on a national television program for three years. Though Lou's work is best known in China and Japan, it has been shown in Paris and New York and is held in numerous collections, both public and private. She continues to live and work in Tokyo.

## Overview: Life and work

A summary of Lou's life and work according to an affiliate of the Chinese government states in part: "Lou Zhenggang took up the brush when she was only three. By 12, she had won nationwide recognition as a child prodigy. Her career in art seemed an unending succession of prizes and accolades... Today she is a master of her arts - painting and calligraphy - and seasoned by a maturity in which she has found peace and contentment... Lou Zhenggang's works are in high demand in Japan and United States, whether they be her calligraphy or her painting. Her brush works are prized as gifts from the government of China to visiting dignitaries. Her works are collected and exhibited in over eighty prestigious venues around the globe, including China's Palace Museum, and the United Nations Headquarters. It's well over twenty years, since she was celebrated as an exceptionally gifted prodigy. Today she is among the most influential of Eastern brush artists."

## Art

Because Lou was extensively trained in classical Chinese calligraphy, expressions of that tradition formed the initial basis of her art. Even at this time, here style was distinctive: "Lou Zhenggang's earliest works earned praise from senior critics especially for their masculinity and grandeur, qualities seldom found in a female artist." As she entered her twenties, she began to develop a more personal style. Indeed, observers who cannot read Chinese can see in these early works a progression from a strong, formal, masculine style to a more fluid and relaxed approach. As she continued to develop confidence and to experiment with different techniques, her style grew even bolder and less traditional. In Japan, she studied painting with noted nihonga artist Matazo Kayama (加山又造 1927-2004), which led to a flourishing of colorful styles and abstract themes — something she could not have produced if she remained within the pure calligraphic traditions of her youth. She continued to expand her range, developing even more abstract works, including color paintings, silk screens, and classic black ink (*sumi*) artwork. By the age of 40, she had developed an entirely new painting style, one based upon but transcending calligraphic art, which won her considerable acclaim.

## Biography

### Early years (-to 1986)

Lou began to study calligraphy with her father, Lou De Ping, at the age of three. At twelve, she was recognized by the national government as an "exceptionally gifted child." As a certified child prodigy, she received special permission to enroll years early at the Central Academy of Fine Art, where she was taught by masters of calligraphy and ink painting. In 1980, she won first prize at the National Youth Calligraphy Exhibition in China, and one year later was elected a member of the Chinese Calligrapher’s Association. At the age of 14, she was the youngest-ever participant in the Australian-sponsored International Calligraphy Competition, and at 16 she won the Chinese National Calligraphy Competition. In the mid-1980s, she attended Beijing University. In 1985, Hong Kong TV broadcast a documentary about her life and her work. With the support of her government, she traveled to Japan in 1986 and held her first exhibition there, at the Yaesu Gallery in Tokyo.

### Twenties (1987-1996)

In 1987, she moved to Tokyo. The success of her first exhibition led to a second show, which was sponsored by Television Tokyo and the Chinese Embassy. Other shows soon followed, e.g., at the Sogo Group department store galleries in Yokohama and seven other cities. In 1990, a further series of exhibitions (also sponsored by the Sogo Group) considerably enlarged the circle of her admirers and collectors, leading to the 1991 establishment of the Lou Zhenggang Sponsorship Committee, headed by two former prime ministers (Nakasone and Takeshita), a renowned artist and several leading bankers and industrialists. In 1991, she launched a two-year series of exhibitions held across Japan, entitled "Oriental Melody — Lou Zhenggang Calligraphy and Paintings", sponsored by the Yamaha Group. In 1993, she traveled to the U.S. for the first time, presenting a gift of 22 color paintings to UNICEF. The United Nations later issued a "first day cover" stamp issue featuring Lou's work. In May 1993, she held an exhibition at the art gallery inside the main Mitsukoshi store in Nihonbashi, one of the most prestigious venues in Japan. Noted painter Matazo Kayama commented on the show, “Lou...leaves behind her reputation as a child prodigy and steps into a new role as a brilliant young female artist.” Another artist, Goro Koyama, called her “...a genius chosen from among 1.2 billion Chinese.”

### Thirties (1997-2006)

In 1998, Lou donated approximately US$1.5 million to establish the Lou Zhenggang Art Education Development Fund in China. Between 1998 and 2002, she created 34 color silk screen designs in a series entitled “Life and Love” \[Seimei to Ai, 生命と愛\]. These were radical departures from traditional black-and-white calligraphy, not only due to the bold use of color, but also the abstract images she created. This series is particularly notable for its historical significance: In 2007, the National Museum of China, which had previously not included any abstract works by contemporary artists, changed its policy and decided to add all 34 of Lou’s color works to its permanent collection. Beginning in October 2004, Lou hosted her own program, “Calligraphy of the Heart” \[Kokoro no Sho, 心の書\] on TV Tokyo, a nationwide television network. In the program, she talked with various Japanese celebrities, each of whom had a special word, saying or personal motto that guided them. Lou would elegantly draw these characters and the two would discuss their meaning on camera. The program continued for almost three years, ending in 2006 just before Lou’s 40th birthday.

### Forties (2006~)

As she turned 40, Lou seemed to find even greater strength and self-assurance. A 2007 Chinese TV program provided insight into this dramatic change in her development: "Lou Zhenggang says the aura of prodigy once hovered over her life like an unspeakable burden. Her own reading of history had persuaded her (that) prodigies live short lives. Lou expected to be dead by 40. After she turned forty, everything changed. She had survived the prodigy's burden. Now, after all these years, she sees herself as a normal person. And since that revelation, she's found the surest way to happiness is by following her own heart."

## Recent exhibitions

Sino Group HQ, Hong Kong (2008) - The Path of Heart

Tudor Museum, Beijing (2008)

Park Prince Tower, Tokyo (2007)

Imperial Hotel, Tokyo (2006)

## Public collections

Lou Zhenggang’s works have been acquired by the following museums and galleries:

National Palace Museum; Beijing Art Museum; Chinese History Museum; Chinese Art Gallery; Beijing Art Museum; Shoudu Museum; Qi Lu Calligraphy and Painting Institute; and the official provincial museums of Zhejiang Province; Jiangsu Province; Jilin Province; Heilongjiang Province; Sichuan Province; Henan Province; Shoanxi Province; Guizhou Province; and Liaoning Province.

## Published works

* Lou Zhenggang (2004?). *Kokoro* \[心\], Sekai Bunka-sha (Tokyo).
* Lou Zhenggang (2006). *Kokoro no Kizuna: Ro Sei Ko no Sho to Jinsei* \[心の絆ー婁正綱の書と人生\], Ascom (Tokyo) ISBN 4-7762-0301-4
* Lou Zhenggang (2006). *Kokoro no Kotoba* \[心の言葉\] (English Title: "The 70 Mottoes"), Sekai Bunka-sha (Tokyo) ISBN 4-418-06524-5
* Lou Zhenggang (2007). *Seimei to Ai* \[生命と愛\] Silk screen prints to commemorate the inclusion of her work in the National Museum of China collection
* Lou Zhenggang (2008). *Kokoro no Sho "Rongo"* \[心の書「論語」\], Kodansha (Tokyo) ISBN 978-4-06-215101-6

## Further information

* (2000) *Seimei to Ai* \[生命と愛\] (brochure) Fuji Television (Tokyo)
* (2008.02) *Sho wa Hito Nari* \[書は人なり\], *Waraku* \[和楽\], Shogakukan (Tokyo)
* (2006) *Shogaka Ro Sei Ko* \[書画家 婁正綱\] (Lou Zenggang, Painter/Calligrapher) (DVD, produced & sold by KK C.A.L. (www.cal-net.co.jp), Tokyo

* LouZhenggang.net - Lou's "official" site (in Chinese, but note embedded video of Lou's 2008 show in HK, which has some English and a good overview of the show)
* Announcement by Fuji Sankei media group (sponsor) of December 2007 exhibition at Ueno Royal Museum in Tokyo (in Japanese)
* Lou's color works highlighted in the 2007 show at Ueno Royal Museum (in Japanese)
* 50 examples of Lou's calligraphy, illustrating 50 articles on scenic spots in China, published in *Nikkan Gendai* \[日刊現代\] (in Japanese)
* Description of 2008 exhibition in Hong Kong for Sino Group (in English)
* CCTV broadcast 2008.11.19 profiling Lou and her art (in English)
* QJI, Ltd., Lou's official agent (in English and Japanese)

## InfoBox

| Lou Zhenggang | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1966-07-08)July 8, 1966<br>Heilongjiang |
| Nationality | Chinese |
| Known for | Calligraphy, Painting |


title: Michihiro Kuroda

abstract:
Michihiro Kuroda, or Rin to his fans, was the lead vocalist in the Japanese group Iceman. The group lasted from about 1996–1999. Since then Michihiro has pursued a solo career. Michihiro has released 10 CDs and videos, along with 6 books.
In 2006 he teamed up with Iceman guitarist Kenichi Ito once again for a more rock oriented group known as Scarecrow. The group has released a single, titled "Steal your misery". 2006-2009 Scarecrow has released 2 albums and 4 singles and 2 live videos. Michihiro Kuroda continues his career as a rock vocalist well known for his high live performance quality, releasing album and music videos every year. From 2000 to 2013, he released 10 albums. Also released live videos from every national album live tours. During this decade he collaborated with musicians such as Tokiko Kato, Naoto Kine(TM Network), Haruichi Shindo(Porno Graffitti). After 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, he joined volunteering activity "Stand Up Japan" held by Takanori Nishikawa.

text:
# Michihiro Kuroda

**Michihiro Kuroda** (黒田 倫弘, *Kuroda Michihiro*), or **Rin** (born June 6, 1972) to his fans, was the lead vocalist in the Japanese group Iceman. The group lasted from about 1996–1999. Since then Michihiro has pursued a solo career. Michihiro has released 10 CDs and videos, along with 6 books. In 2006 he teamed up with Iceman guitarist Kenichi Ito once again for a more rock oriented group known as Scarecrow. The group has released a single, titled *"Steal your misery"*. 2006-2009 Scarecrow has released 2 albums and 4 singles and 2 live videos.

Michihiro Kuroda continues his career as a rock vocalist well known for his high live performance quality, releasing album and music videos every year.

From 2000 to 2013, he released 10 albums.

Also released live videos from every national album live tours.

During this decade he collaborated with musicians such as Tokiko Kato, Naoto Kine(TM Network), Haruichi Shindo(Porno Graffitti).

After 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, he joined volunteering activity "Stand Up Japan" held by Takanori Nishikawa.

## Profile

Yakusoku is probably most well known for singing "Shining Collection" from the Gravitation anime or for the ending song "Yakusoku" from Elemental Gelade, and singing "Futatsu no Mirai" from Rockman EXE.

Some of his other songs include: CANDY DAYS, Gentenkaiki no Shooting Star, Psychedelic Sneakers, Ready Go, Spiral Century, Save Our Soul, Bulldog66, Samurai Do It, Decadence, Crying Butterfly, Two Futures, Suna no Shiro, and Dusk Tactics.

The song Yakusoku appeared on his 5th album, *In Depth*, along with the brother track from the same single, "Break the Status Quo".

In early September 2006 it was announced that Rin will be the vocalist in new group Scarecrow, he will be reuniting with former Iceman member Kenichi Itō (Guitar), along with two other members Masnori Ishibashi (Bass) and Hideki Mizue (Drums). Scarecrow had performed live on summer in 2011, and had stopped its activity since then.

## Albums

* 1st album "Barefoot"(2001)
* 2nd album "Enrai-out of the garden"(2002)
* 3rd album "Future In Blue"(2003)
* 4th album "SEED"(2004)
* 5th album "IN DEPTH"(2005)
* 6th album "unchanged"(2006)
* 7th album "Frontier"(2008)
* 8th album "ALWAYS"(2010)
* 9th album "VANILLA SKY"(2011)
* 10th album "Grumpy Diamonds"(2012)
* 11th album "Wonder Drive"(2013)
* 12th album "Starting Over" (2015)
* 13th album "WEAVER STANCE" (2017)

* 66mk Official Website

## InfoBox

| Michihiro Kuroda黒田 倫弘 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Also known as | Rin |
| Born | (1972-06-06) June 6, 1972 |
| Origin | Japan |
| Genres | Rock, Techno, J-pop |
| Occupation(s) | Musician, writer |
| Instrument | vocals |
| Years active | 1995–present |
|  | |
| Website | 66mk |


title: 1892 Invercargill mayoral election

abstract: The 1892 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 1 December 1892 as part of that year's local elections. Councillor Duncan McFarlane defeated former mayor George Froggatt.

text:
# 1892 Invercargill mayoral election

The **1892 Invercargill mayoral election** was held on 1 December 1892 as part of that year's local elections.

Councillor Duncan McFarlane defeated former mayor George Froggatt.

## Results

The following table gives the election results:

1892 Invercargill mayoral election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **Duncan McFarlane** | **251** | **56.53** |  |
|  | Independent | George Froggatt | 193 | 43.46 |  |
| Majority | | | 58 | 13.07 |  |
| Turnout | | | 444 |  |  |

## InfoBox

1892 Invercargill mayoral election
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Turnout | 444 |
| Candidate Duncan McFarlane George Froggatt  Party Independent Independent  Popular vote 251 193  Percentage 56.53 43.46 | |
| ---  **Mayor before election**
James Walker Bain
 **Elected mayor**
Duncan McFarlane
 | |


title: Meli Park

abstract: Meli Park was a theme park which was opened in 1935 in Adinkerke in the municipality of De Panne on the Belgian coast.

text:
# Meli Park

**Meli Park** was a theme park which was opened in 1935 in Adinkerke in the municipality of De Panne on the Belgian coast.

## History

The bee-themed amusement park was initiated by Alberic-Joseph Florizoone, owner of a honey company. Its mascot was a bee. It was one of the first Belgian theme parks. Over the years some new attractions were added. The first ones were the labyrinth and the zoo. In the 1950s, a miniature golf course, french formal gardens, a fairytale forest, water organ were introduced. Over the years, it became one of the biggest attractions in Belgium as Antwerp Zoo and Caves of Han-sur-Lesse.

Into the 1970s and the 1980s, with a growing variety of rides, Meli Park's visitor numbers reached 700,000 per annum. Its icon attraction was the Apirama dark ride, opened in 1979, featuring hundreds of animated bees.

The park closed in 1999 because the park was sold to the Flemish children's television company Studio 100 and rethemed as Plopsaland. In 1999 Alberic-Joseph Florizoone was inducted into the IAAPA Hall of Fame, an honor reserved for amusement industry innovators and pioneers.

## Attractions

### Roller coasters

| Ride | Year Opened | Year Closed | Description | Picture |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Jubilé | 1995 | 2000 | The Zyklon (roller coaster) was relocated to Selva Mágica, MX in 2000 |  |
| Jumbo 5 | 1984 | late 80s | It is the only Schwarzkopf Jumbo V in the world, as it was the only one manufactured. In 1995 it was relocated to Pleasurewood Hills under the name Cannonball Express. Previously named Enigma from 2005 to 2016 when it was renamed Cannonball Express. |  |
| Marienkaferbahn | 1976 | 1999 | It reopened in Plopsaland as *Dongo's Race*. From 2013 until 2021, the ride's name was changed to *Viktor's Race*. Since 2022, the ride is called *#LikeMe Coaster*. |  |
| Rollerskater | 1990 | 1999 | The first Vekoma Junior Coaster. It reopened in Plopsaland as *Rollerskater*. Since 2019, the ride is called *K3 Roller Skater*, and is themed to Belgian girl group K3. |  |
| Racing | 1988 or earlier | early 90s | A Flitzer model, similar to Flitzer at Morey's Piers. |  |

### Thrill rides

| Ride | Year Opened | Year Closed | Description | Picture |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Calypso | 1988 or earlier | 1992 | A Mack Rides spinning ride, similar to Tiki Twirl at Cedar Point. It spins riders in two degrees of motion. |  |
| Piratenboot | 1978 | 1999 | HUSS Park Attractions Pirate ship. It reopened in Plopsaland as *Piratenboot*. |  |
| Splash | 1989 | 1999 | Manufactured by Mack Rides, the ride was inaugurated in 1989 by the Prime Minister of Belgium of the time, Wilfried Martens. Highest and fastest log flume of Europe of the time. It reopened in Plopsaland as *Het Kasteel van Koning Samson*. In 2007 the ride's name changed for *Boomstammetjes*. In 2019, the ride was rethemed and is now called *DinoSplash*. |  |
| Vliegend Tapijt Djinn | 1984 | 1999 | Weber 1001 Nachts ride. |  |
| Wienerwals | late 80s | 1999 | Zierer Chair-O-Planes ride. It reopened in Plopsaland as *Wienerwalz*. |  |

## Further reading

* Canonne, Xavier, Gunzig, Thomas. (2011). *Meli : l'autre royaume*. Mont-sur-Marchienne: Musée de la photographie. ISBN 978-28-7183-065-8.
* Florizoone, Alberic-Joseph. (1990). *Meli, mijn leven*. Anvers: Multimedia. ISBN 90-7259-200-X.

## InfoBox

Meli Park
| The Meli bee, from the Apirama dark ride | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Adinkerke, West Flanders, Belgium |
| Coordinates | 51°04′51″N 2°35′55″E / 51.080908°N 2.598739°E / 51.080908; 2.598739 |
| Status | Defunct |
| Opened | 21 April 1935 (1935-04-21) |
| Closed | 3 October 1999 (1999-10-03) |
| Owner | Family Florizoone |
| Theme | Beekeeping |
| Operating season | April – October |
| Attendance | 630,000 in 1994 |
| Area | \> 75 acres (\> 30 ha) |
| Attractions | |
| Total | 31 |
| Roller coasters | 2 |
| Water rides | 3 |
| Website | Official website |


title: Venugopal Chandrasekhar

abstract: Venugopal Chandrasekhar was an Indian national table tennis champion and Arjuna Award winner. Chandrasekhar died on 12 May 2021, from COVID-19 complications amid the COVID-19 pandemic in India. He was 63.

text:
# Venugopal Chandrasekhar

**Venugopal Chandrasekhar** (18 June 1957 – 12 May 2021) was an Indian national table tennis champion and Arjuna Award winner.

Chandrasekhar died on 12 May 2021, from COVID-19 complications amid the COVID-19 pandemic in India. He was 63.

## National champion

Chandrasekhar was born in Tamil Nadu, India. He was an exceptionally good player of table tennis and was national champion.

* 1970: State sub junior champion, Tamil Nadu
* 1973: State junior champion, Tamil Nadu \*Three time National Champion, Table Tennis
* Bronze Medal: Asian Games
* U.S. Championship - runners up
* 1982: Entered semifinals in Commonwealth Games
* 1982: Arjuna Award as well as a lifetime achievement award.

Among his major achievements are winning the Nationals, making the semi-final of the Commonwealth championships in 1982, and helping India progress to category I from II in the 1983 Tokyo World Championships.

### Early days

At the age of 12, Chandrashekhar played in the Madras Port Trust tournament. He joined the Emesor sport's council and it helped him to improve his game. The training regimen included yoga and prayers. Chandra became the Tamil Nadu state sub-junior champion in 1970. In 1973 he became Tamil Nadu's junior champion and also entered the national quarter finals. His style was flamboyant and at a time when sports coverage on TV was very limited, tickets for his matches sold in the black market in towns that traditionally patronised table tennis like Indore and Pune. Later he won the national championship.

## Tragedy: Negligence at Hospital

In September 1984, at the age of 25, when already the national champion and making his mark in international table tennis, Chandrashekhar had some pain in knee which required a minor knee operation. His knee surgery at Chennai Apollo Hospital. went wrong on the operation table. The wrong dosage of anesthesia played its part and he suffered brain damage and lost his vision and control over his limbs. He spent 36 days in a near-coma state and eighty-one days in the hospital as part of rehabilitation. Treatment abroad was funded mainly from responses to a public appeal for funds. Members of the public, sportsmen from India and abroad, politicians and actors helped generously. The treatment abroad improved his condition somewhat.

### Lawsuit

A lawsuit was filed in 1985 against the Apollo Hospitals which came to trial three years later. The medical community's *omertà* was broken by a few brave doctors, especially an Orthopedist from Maharashtra who helped to demolish the hospital's case. During the trial it came to light that the orthopedic surgeon of the hospital had received training in arthroscopy only in workshops in UK and not in a medical school as part of the curriculum. Eight years after the operation, and five years since the trial began, after the examination of ten witnesses and recording a thousand pages of evidence, the court delivered a verdict in favour of Chandrashekhar in mid-May 1993. The judgement said that "The plaintiff is entitled to in total, Rs 17,37,920.78 by way of special damages and general damages." A medico-legal case of this proportion was unheard of in India. A young patient had sued a hospital for negligence and had won nearly twenty lakhs. Even the cynics of the Indian judiciary were impressed. The hospital appealed against the decision, but ultimately settled after two years. During the trial years Chandrashekhar continued his treatment in India and abroad and worked at the State Bank of India to support himself. He was a gold medalist of Madras University (economics) was to work as a cashier. A fight which he felt would not have been necessary had "human spirit prevailed over ego".

## Recovery

Chandrasekhar has made a good recovery physically. He has regained 70% of his vision, though reading small letters on the computer and driving at night were still a problem.

Chandrasekhar was one of the sports professionals in India to ask for appearance money and also actively sought to improve players' working conditions. He wrote a column on table tennis, "TopSpin", for *The Telegraph* and also covered tournaments for newspapers after his operation.

From a person equipped with razor sharp reflexes needed to play a game in which the ball typically travels at 100 km/h or more, Chandrasekhar became a person who did not have normal peripheral vision and couldn't see beyond a few feet; he suffered from a condition called nystagmus \- his eyeballs could not focus. A bulb, for instance, appeared as a series of points of light. Chandra ran an academy for young table tennis players and was married to Mala. They have a son, Sanjay.

## Autobiography

Chandrashekhar wrote, with the help of Seetha Srikanth, an autobiography, *My fightback from Death's door*, published by Eastwest books, Chennai, in 2006.

> There are times when I stumble on the footpath, and people have thought that I was drunk.
>
> That is when it hurts for it is not my fault. Then I look at the computer in my office and cannot read the small letters. To be lesser than a normal human being is what pains me the most. But I know I have to carry on. - V. Chandrasekhar.


title: Mencía Calderón

abstract: Mencía Calderón y Ocampo was a Spanish noble lady, first expeditionary woman in the Río de la Plata.

text:
# Mencía Calderón

**Mencía Calderón y Ocampo** (1514  c. 1564) was a Spanish noble lady, first expeditionary woman in the Río de la Plata.

## Biography

Mencía Calderón y Ocampo was born in Villa de Medellín, Badajoz (Spain) daughter of Alonso Calderón and Ana Ocampo, belonging to a noble family of Extremadura. She was married to Juan de Sanabria, a noble Spanish expeditionary who died shortly before leaving for New Spain. Through his mother, Mencía Calderón, was related to Francisco Pizarro and Hernán Cortés, belonging to noble Castilian families.

On 10 April 1550 Mencía Calderón embarked to America. In the expedition traveled 300 passengers, among which there were captains Salazar and Saavedra, Calderon's daughters, 50 eligible maidens, the wives of various conquerors, 80 sailors, and adventurer Hans Staden, who would write the chronicle of the expedition. The fleet survived storms and attacks by French corsairs before managing to reach the isle of Santa Catalina. From there, they made their way to the coast of Brazil, where they settled for a year while repairing their ships and building new, more fit ones with what was left of the others. After this period of rest they left to Asunción.

The arguments between Salazar y Saavedra became constant, and it was Mencía who managed to organize the expedition and keep the group together. Mencía took the rank of Adelantada upon herself and led an expedition of 21 women and 22 men across 1.600 km of rainforest, following the same path that years before had followed Alejo García and Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca. They reached Asunción in 1555, where some problems erupted when the women who had come to meet their husbands found them already remarried to indigenous women, and with mestizo children, some of which were already in their teens.

## InfoBox

| Mencía Calderón y Ocampo | |
| --- | --- |
| Adelantada of the New World | |
| Coat of Arms belonging to his paternal surname | |
| Born | 1514
Extremadura, Spain |
| Died | c.1564
Asuncion, Paraguay |
| Spouse(s) | Juan de Sanabria y Alonso de Hinojosa |
| Father | Alonso Calderón |
| Mother | Ana Ocampo |


title: Volborthella

abstract:
Volborthella is an animal of uncertain classification, whose fossils pre-date 530 million years ago. It has been considered for a period a cephalopod. However discoveries of more detailed fossils showed that Volborthella’s small, conical shell was not secreted but built from grains of the mineral silicon dioxide (silica), and that it was not divided into a series of compartments by septa as those of fossil shelled cephalopods and the living Nautilus are. This illusion was a result of the laminated texture of the organisms' tests. Therefore, Volborthella’s classification is now uncertain.
It has been speculated that it may in fact represent a sclerite of a larger organism, on the basis of one specimen; however, it may be premature to accept this hypothesis, as the arrangement of sclerites producing this impression may have occurred by chance. The Ordovician scleritome-bearing Curviconophorus, as well as the Halwaxiids, lobopods and echinoderms, demonstrate the diversity of organisms which may produce a scleritome of this nature. The related Campitius was originally suggested to be part of a radula rather than a scleritome, but is now considered a synonym of Volborthella. Volborthella is widespread, and a useful biostratigraphic indicator; it has been found in North America, Greenland, Spitsbergen, and northeastern Europe, and is restricted to Lower Cambrian rocks, appearing before the trilobites and co-existing with them for some time. Volborthella has been described as a 'failed attempt in mineralisation'; it constructed its wall by agglutinating grains of sediment, much like some foramanifera, and declined in conjunction with the origin of truly-biomineralising organisms. However, its similarity to Salterella, which contained embedded sediment grains in its mineralised wall, suggests a possible biological relationship - Salterella may have begun to mineralise its agglutinated wall. Some Volborthella specimens do show taphonomic hints that some form of lightly mineralised sheath may have enclosed its agglutinated shell.

text:
# Volborthella

***Volborthella*** is an animal of uncertain classification, whose fossils pre-date 530 million years ago. It has been considered for a period a cephalopod. However discoveries of more detailed fossils showed that *Volborthella*’s small, conical shell was not secreted but built from grains of the mineral silicon dioxide (silica), and that it was not divided into a series of compartments by septa as those of fossil shelled cephalopods and the living *Nautilus* are. This illusion was a result of the laminated texture of the organisms' tests. Therefore, *Volborthella*’s classification is now uncertain. It has been speculated that it may in fact represent a sclerite of a larger organism, on the basis of one specimen; however, it may be premature to accept this hypothesis, as the arrangement of sclerites producing this impression may have occurred by chance. The Ordovician scleritome-bearing *Curviconophorus*, as well as the Halwaxiids, lobopods and echinoderms, demonstrate the diversity of organisms which may produce a scleritome of this nature. The related *Campitius* was originally suggested to be part of a radula rather than a scleritome, but is now considered a synonym of *Volborthella*.

*Volborthella* is widespread, and a useful biostratigraphic indicator; it has been found in North America, Greenland, Spitsbergen, and northeastern Europe, and is restricted to Lower Cambrian rocks, appearing before the trilobites and co-existing with them for some time.

*Volborthella* has been described as a 'failed attempt in mineralisation'; it constructed its wall by agglutinating grains of sediment, much like some foramanifera, and declined in conjunction with the origin of truly-biomineralising organisms. However, its similarity to *Salterella*, which contained embedded sediment grains in its mineralised wall, suggests a possible biological relationship - *Salterella* may have begun to mineralise its agglutinated wall. Some *Volborthella* specimens do show taphonomic hints that some form of lightly mineralised sheath may have enclosed its agglutinated shell.

## InfoBox

| *Volborthella*
Temporal range: | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Glauconitic sandstone with *Volborthella* fossils, from Stadtmuseum Berlin. | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Agmata (?) |
| Family: | Salterellidae |
| Genus: | *Volborthella*
Schmidt, 1888 |
| Species: | ***V. tenuis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Volborthella tenuis***
Schmidt, 1888 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| Genus* *Campitius* Firby & Durham, 1974  Species* *Campitius titanius* Firby & Dunham, 1974 * *Volborthella conica* Schindewolf, 1934 | |


title: Pitcairnia

abstract: Pitcairnia is a genus of plants in the family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Pitcairnioideae. It was named for William Pitcairn, Scottish physician and gardener (1711–1791). The genus Pitcairnia ranks as the second most prolific of the bromeliad family. They are most abundant in Colombia, Peru and Brazil, but can also be found in areas from Cuba and Mexico south to Argentina. One species, Pitcairnia feliciana, is found in tropical West Africa and is the only member of the family Bromeliaceae not native to the Americas. Almost all Pitcairnias are terrestrial or saxicolous, and prefer moist areas. However, many are found growing epiphytically in trees.

text:
# Pitcairnia

***Pitcairnia*** is a genus of plants in the family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Pitcairnioideae. It was named for William Pitcairn, Scottish physician and gardener (1711–1791). The genus *Pitcairnia* ranks as the second most prolific of the bromeliad family (after *Tillandsia).* They are most abundant in Colombia, Peru and Brazil, but can also be found in areas from Cuba and Mexico south to Argentina. One species, *Pitcairnia feliciana*, is found in tropical West Africa and is the only member of the family Bromeliaceae not native to the Americas.

Almost all *Pitcairnias* are terrestrial or saxicolous, and prefer moist areas. However, many are found growing epiphytically in trees.

## Taxonomy

*Pitcairnia* was established as a genus by Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle in 1788. In 1870, *Pepinia* was established as a genus by Adolphe-Théodore Brongniart in a publication by Édouard André. *Pepinia* was reduced to a subgenus of *Pitcairnia* in 1881 by John Gilbert Baker, but elevated again to a genus in 1988, largely on the basis of the morphology of its seeds. The use of morphological characters to differentiate *Pepinia* from *Pitcairnia* was rejected in 1999; a view confirmed later by multiple molecular studies.

### Species

As of November 2022, Plants of the World Online accepted 407 species, including those formerly placed in the genus *Pepinia*, now treated as *Pitcairnia* subgenus *Pepinia*.

## Cultivars and hybrids

* *Pitcairnia albiflos × staminea*
* *Pitcairnia* × *daiseyana*
* *Pitcairnia* 'Beaujolais'
* *Pitcairnia* 'Bud Curtis'
* *Pitcairnia* 'Chiamenez'
* *Pitcairnia* 'Coral Horizon'
* *Pitcairnia* 'Flaming Arrow'
* *Pitcairnia* 'Hartwig'
* *Pitcairnia* 'Hattie'
* *Pitcairnia* 'Jim Scrivner'
* *Pitcairnia* 'Maroni'
* *Pitcairnia* 'Pinot Noir'
* *Pitcairnia* 'Stardust'
* *Pitcairnia* 'Stephen Hoppin'
* *Pitcairnia* 'Verdia Lowe'

## InfoBox

| *Pitcairnia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Pitcairnia heydlauffii* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Bromeliaceae |
| Subfamily: | Pitcairnioideae |
| Genus: | *Pitcairnia*<br>L'Her. |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Hepetis* Sw. * *Spirastigma* L'Hér. ex Schult. & Schult.f. * *Codonanthes* Raf. * *Conanthes* Raf. * *Neumannia* Brongn. * *Lamproconus* Lem. * *Cochliopetalum* Beer * *Orthopetalum* Beer * *Phlomostachys* K.Koch * *Pepinia* Brongn. ex André * *Melinonia* Brongn. ex E.Morren * *Willrussellia* A.Chev. * × *Pitinia* Irvin ex Baskerv. | |


title: Vaughan Arnell

abstract: Vaughan Arnell is a British music video and television commercial director. Although having done films for high-profile clients in the TV commercial field, including Nestlé and Levi's, he is best known for his directorial work for music videos, including George Michael's "Fastlove" (1996), Spice Girls' "Say You'll Be There" (1996), One Direction's "Kiss You" (2013), and Sam Smith and Normani's "Dancing with a Stranger" (2019). He is also a frequent collaborator of music artist Robbie Williams. With Anthea Benton, Arnell previously formed the directorial team Vaughan & Anthea.

text:
# Vaughan Arnell

**Vaughan Arnell** (born 31 May 1961) is a British music video and television commercial director. Although having done films for high-profile clients in the TV commercial field, including Nestlé and Levi's, he is best known for his directorial work for music videos, including George Michael's "Fastlove" (1996), Spice Girls' "Say You'll Be There" (1996), One Direction's "Kiss You" (2013), and Sam Smith and Normani's "Dancing with a Stranger" (2019). He is also a frequent collaborator of music artist Robbie Williams. With Anthea Benton, Arnell previously formed the directorial team Vaughan & Anthea.

## Videography

## Commercials

## InfoBox

| Vaughan Arnell | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1961-05-31) 31 May 1961<br>Chertsey, Surrey, England |
| Occupation | Director |
| Years active | 1981–present |


title: Murray v. United States

abstract: Murray v. United States, 487 U.S. 533 (1988), was a United States Supreme Court decision that created the modern "independent source doctrine" exception to the exclusionary rule. The exclusionary rule makes most evidence gathered through violations of the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution inadmissible in criminal trials as "fruit of the poisonous tree". In Murray, the Court ruled that when officers conduct two searches, the first unlawful and the second lawful, evidence seized during the second search is admissible if the second search "is genuinely independent of [the] earlier one."

text:
# Murray v. United States

***Murray v. United States***, 487 U.S. 533 (1988), was a United States Supreme Court decision that created the modern "independent source doctrine" exception to the exclusionary rule. The exclusionary rule makes most evidence gathered through violations of the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution inadmissible in criminal trials as "fruit of the poisonous tree". In *Murray*, the Court ruled that when officers conduct two searches, the first unlawful and the second lawful, evidence seized during the second search is admissible if the second search "is genuinely independent of \[the\] earlier one."

## Background

The case arose out of the conviction of Michael F. Murray for conspiracy to possess and distribute illegal drugs. Based on information received from informants, federal law enforcement agents had been surveilling Murray. They observed Murray drive a truck into a warehouse. The agents saw the truck leave with another driver, and lawfully seized it. The agents found marijuana in the vehicle. After making this discovery, several agents illegally entered the warehouse. They found burlap bales in the warehouse. They did not reenter the warehouse until they received a warrant. In applying for the warrant, the agents did not mention their prior illegal entry.

## Opinion of the Court

Justice Scalia delivered the opinion of the Court in a 4-3 decision.

The majority opinion agreed with the government that "the independent source doctrine applies to evidence initially discovered during, or as a consequence of, an unlawful search but later obtained independently from activities untainted by the initial illegality." The Court found that a search pursuant to a warrant is **not** genuinely independent of evidence if (1) the agents' decision to seek the warrant was prompted by what they had seen during the initial \[illegal\] entry or (2) if information obtained during that entry was presented to the Magistrate and affected his decision to issue the warrant.

## InfoBox

| Murray v. United States | |
| --- | --- |
| Supreme Court of the United States | |
| Argued December 8, 1987
Decided June 27, 1988 | |
| Full case name | *Michael F. Murray v. United States* |
| Citations | 487 U.S. 533 (*more*)108 S. Ct. 2529; 101 L. Ed. 2d 472 |
| Holding | |
| The Fourth Amendment does not require the suppression of evidence initially discovered during police officers' illegal entry of private premises if that evidence is also discovered during a later search pursuant to a valid warrant that is wholly independent of the initial illegal entry. | |
| Court membership | |
| Chief Justice William Rehnquist  Associate Justices William J. Brennan Jr. **·**  Byron White
Thurgood Marshall **·**  Harry Blackmun
John P. Stevens **·**  Sandra Day O'Connor
Antonin Scalia **·**  Anthony Kennedy | |
| Case opinions | |
| Majority | Scalia, joined by Rehnquist, White, Blackmun |
| Dissent | Marshall, joined by Stevens, O'Connor |
| Dissent | Stevens |
| Brennan and Kennedy took no part in the consideration or decision of the case. | |
| Laws applied | |
| U.S. Const. amend. IV | |


abstract: This is a list of the Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica winners and nominees for Best New Artist — Central.

text:
# Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica for Best New Artist — Central

This is a list of the Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica winners and nominees for **Best New Artist — Central**.

| Year | Winner | Other nominees |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2002 | **DJ Méndez** |  |
| 2003 | **TK** | * Coni Lewin * Marciano * Pettinellis * Zen |
| 2004 | **Cementerio Club** |  |
| 2005 | **Andrea Echeverri** | * Ciudad Satélite * La Etnnia * Kudai * Los Píxel |
| 2006 | **Fonseca** |  |
| 2007 | **Six Pack** |  |
| 2009 | **Ádammo** |  |


title: Michael Rodriguez (politician)

abstract: Michael D. Rodriguez is a Chicago politician. He is the alderman of Chicago's 22nd ward and took office as a member of the Chicago City Council in May 2019. He was elected in the 2019 aldermanic election, in an open race to succeed incumbent alderman Ricardo Muñoz.

text:
# Michael Rodriguez (politician)

**Michael D. Rodriguez** (born August 31, 1978) is a Chicago politician. He is the alderman of Chicago's 22nd ward and took office as a member of the Chicago City Council in May 2019. He was elected in the 2019 aldermanic election, in an open race to succeed incumbent alderman Ricardo Muñoz.

## Early life and education

Rodriguez earned a bachelor's degree from DePaul University and a master's degree from the School of Social Service Administration at the University of Chicago. He worked as an executive officer at the Cook County Medical Examiner's Office and was the executive director of the non-profit Enlace, an organization founded by Congressman Jesus "Chuy" Garcia, that worked on social issues in Little Village.

Rodriguez ran for 22nd ward alderman in the 2019 election for Chicago City Council, in an open race to succeed incumbent Ricardo Munoz. Facing three other candidates in the first round of the election on February 26, 2019, he won 64% of the vote and became the alderman-elect.

On April 10, 2019, Rodriguez joined six other newly elected members of the City Council in protesting against the approval of tax increment financing for the Lincoln Yards and The 78 real estate developments.

## Chicago City Council

Rodriguez took office as a member of the Chicago City Council on May 20, 2019.

In November 2019, Rodriguez was one of eleven aldermen to vote against Mayor Lori Lightfoot's first budget.

On April 11, 2020, Hilco Redevelopment Partners, with approval by the administration of Mayor Lori Lightfoot, coordinated an implosion of a 275-foot smokestack during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in a cloud of dust and particulate matter to envelop the surrounding area, mostly contained within the boundaries of Chicago's 22nd Ward. Rodriguez notified the community of the pending implosion through social media after Hilco failed to inform the community as it had promised.

## Electoral history

22nd Ward General election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Nonpartisan** | **Michael D. Rodriguez** | **3,104** | **63.80** |
|  | Nonpartisan | Lisette "Liz" Lopez | 675 | 13.87 |
|  | Nonpartisan | Richard Juarez | 610 | 12.54 |
|  | Nonpartisan | Neftalie Gonzalez | 476 | 9.78 |
| Total votes | | | **4,865** | **100** |

## InfoBox

| Michael Rodriguez | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Chicago City Council
from the 22nd ward | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
May 20, 2019 | |
| Preceded by | Ricardo Muñoz |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1978-08-31) August 31, 1978 |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Education | DePaul University (BA)
University of Chicago (MA) |
|  | |


title: 1871 Victorian football season

abstract: The 1871 Victorian football season was an Australian rules football competition played during the winter of 1871. The season consisted of matches between football clubs in the colony of Victoria. The Carlton Football Club was the premier club for the season.

text:
# 1871 Victorian football season

The **1871 Victorian football season** was an Australian rules football competition played during the winter of 1871. The season consisted of matches between football clubs in the colony of Victoria. The Carlton Football Club was the premier club for the season.

## 1871 season

Four clubs participated in senior football during the 1870 season: Albert-park, Carlton, Melbourne and South Yarra. Hobson's Bay Railway folded at the conclusion of the 1870 season.

The formal practice of senior clubs playing matches *at odds* against junior clubs was established during the season. In matches played at odds, the senior team fielded fifteen players and the junior team fielded twenty players. Matches played at odds were quite competitive: the premier club Carlton was unbeaten at even strength against senior clubs, but lost two of five matches played at odds. Three metropolitan junior clubs – Collingwood, Richmond and Carlton United – played against the senior clubs during the year. Senior clubs also played matches against provincial clubs Ballarat (at odds) and Geelong (even strength) during the year.

During the 1871 season, the senior clubs competed in specific matches for the Challenge Cup; and, separately, a premier team was selected based on all matches during the season, including Challenge Cup matches.

### Challenge Cup

The Challenge Cup which South Yarra had put up for contest at the start of the 1870 season was returned by Albert-park to South Yarra at the end of the year, following the dispute over whether or not Albert-park had formally won it.

South Yarra opted to put the trophy up for contest again in 1871. Albert-park declined to contest it, although it continued to play senior games against the other clubs. The remaining clubs – Carlton, Melbourne and South Yarra – decided that each club would play the others three times during the season, and the top two would play a single playoff match for the Cup.

This meant that the Cup was being contested in a league-type competition, and by traditional definitions was no longer a Challenge Cup with a perpetual holder.

| **1871 Challenge Cup Ladder** | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| No. | TEAM | P | W | L | D | GF | GA | Pts |
| 1 | **Melbourne (Q)** | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 13 | 0 | 18 |
| 2 | **Carlton (Q)** | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 10 |
| 3 | South Yarra | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 0 |
| **Key:** P = Played, W = Won, L = Lost, D = Drawn, (Q) = Qualified for Final | | | | | | | | |

Two of the three Carlton-Melbourne matches were postponed by four weeks due to rain, while the two unplayed Carlton-South Yarra matches were scratched as they would have had no effect on the outcome.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Playoff match for the Challenge Cup | | |  |  |
| Saturday, 7 October 1871 (3:00 pm) | **Carlton** | def. | Melbourne | Emerald Hill Ground |  |
|  | 2
**2** | Half
**Final** | 0
**0** |
 | |
|  | Clarke, Dedman | **Goals** |  |
|  | | | | | |

With this victory in the Grand Final (the first of its kind in elite Australian rules football history), Carlton claimed undisputed and permanent ownership of the South Yarra Challenge Cup, and also won the 1871 premiership.

### Premiership

In addition to winning the Challenge Cup, Carlton was adjudged premiers for the season, and Melbourne were runners-up.

The two clubs were the dominant senior clubs in the colony, and the premiership was mostly determined based on the win–loss record in matches between the two: their four matches, including the Challenge Cup Grand Final, yielded one win for Carlton and three draws, though the third draw was disputed (claimed as a win by Melbourne and as a draw by Carlton).

Albert-park was third: while they lost their matches against Carlton and Melbourne, they beat South Yarra (who had been winless since 1868 in senior matches) twice during the year.

Carlton's and Melbourne's overall records as reported at each club's Annual General Meeting in 1872 (reporting different results for the disputed match between the teams) are given below. The Senior results include the Challenge Cup playoff match, and matches Carlton and Melbourne played against Geelong.

| **1871 senior clubs' results** | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | **Senior Results** | | | | **Overall Results** | | | | | |
|  | TEAM | P | W | L | D | P | W | L | D | GF | GA |
| 1 | **Carlton** | 8 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 13 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 8 | 3 |
| 2 | Melbourne | 11 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 15 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 28 | 6 |
| 3 | Albert-park | 7 | 2 | 5 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | South Yarra | 6 | 0 | 6 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **Key:** P = Played, W = Won, L = Lost, D = Drawn, GF = Goals For, GA = Goals Against, (P) = Premiers | | | | | | | | | | Sources: | |

## InfoBox

| 1871 Victorian football season | |
| --- | --- |
| Senior teams | 4 |
| Premiers | Carlton (1st premiership) |
| Challenge Cup | Carlton |
| 1870 1872 | |


title: WKKI

abstract: WKKI is a radio station broadcasting an active rock format. Licensed to Celina, Ohio, United States, the station serves the Lima area. The station is currently owned by The Sonshine Communications Corporation. In December 2006, the station changed to its classic hits format from its former adult contemporary format.

text:
# WKKI

**WKKI** (94.3 FM) is a radio station broadcasting an active rock format. Licensed to Celina, Ohio, United States, the station serves the Lima area. The station is currently owned by The Sonshine Communications Corporation.

In December 2006, the station changed to its classic hits format from its former adult contemporary format.

## History

The station was founded in 1960 as WMER, a reference to **MER**cer County, making it the county's first commercial radio station, transmitting with only 740 watts from its studios located above The Celina Music Store at 128 West Fayette Street in downtown Celina. The music store's owner at the time was also the original owner of WMER. As the weak signal and short transmitting tower in back of the music store barely covered Mercer County with neighboring Auglaize County being the fringe area, there was a demand for a more powerful station, hence WCSM AM and FM later emerged as a competitor in 1964 along with the former WERM located west of Wapakoneta at Moulton (which is now WFGF "The Frog" with studios in Lima.) The Fayette Street studios remain in use today.

The station changed ownership several different times during the 1970s; it was a sister station to WDRK in Greenville (now WTKD) from 1968 until 1972 under the ownership of Lee Rutherford and Ron Rumley airing Drake-Chenault's "Hitparade" adult contemporary automation tapes. Later in that same year, the station was later owned by the Hildebrand family (as WMER Incorporated) and played Top 40 music. Scott Hillebrand (air name: Scott Allen) managed the station and was chief DJ. Despite the owner's good intentions, it fell into receivership in 1973 (possibly due to financial problems coupled with its then-low power signal and limited coverage area), prompting a sale. A group of area business people formed a partnership called Grand Lake Broadcasting in an effort to purchase the station and tentatively move it to a newer building on State Route 703 near Grand Lake St. Marys and apply for a power increase with a more efficient tower but the deal fell through with the partnership quickly dissolved. By the spring of 1974 it was finally sold, with the new owners Keith and Jackie Balfour (previously with WCSM) flipping the format to adult standards. 1978 brought another ownership change, this time being Michigan-based Mid-America Radio Inc. with another format change (to country music), and a change in calls to WKKI. The "K-94" nickname was first used for the country format until 1979, which brought yet another format change, to a soft AC daytime/album oriented rock nighttime mix. In 1979 the station was finally upgraded to a much more powerful 3,000 watts and the transmitter moved to a higher tower near the West Ohio Branch Campus of Wright State University at Grand Lake St. Marys (which is also the transmitting tower of W17AA, the Celina translator of Dayton's public television station WPTD). The station switched to a full-time album-oriented rock format in 1983 by a new owner, Cage Media, headed up by Chris Cage, a former WING "Lively Guy" and University of Dayton graduate. The station was heavily involved with bringing concerts to the Ohio Theater in Lima. The format also gave the station opportunities to promote major concerts at other venues. Branded as "94-KKI", the AOR format lasted until early 1983 when the K-94 branding was revived and used, this time as the local affiliate of Transtar, one of the first satellite format programming services, again airing Adult Contemporary music. The K-94 branding remains today under its present owner with a mix of classic and contemporary rock and roll as its current format in addition to local high school sports coverage.

## Station ownership

* 1960–1968 – THE CELINA MUSIC STORE – owned no other radio stations
* 1968–1972 – RUTHERFORD AND RUMLEY ASSOCIATES – co-owned WDRK-FM Greenville
* 1972–1974 – WMER Inc.(owner Scott Hildebrand, later in receivership in 1973 to John Poppe)
* 1974–1978 - MERCER BROADCASTING (owner Keith and Jackie Balfour) – owned no other radio stations
* 1978–1984 – MID AMERICA BROADCASTING OF MICHIGAN – WTCM-AM / WTCM-FM Traverse City, WJIM-AM / WJIM-FM Lansing
* 1984–2004 - MERCER COUNTY COMMUNICATIONS – owned no other radio stations
* 2004–Present – SONSHINE BROADCASTING OF CELINA – owns no other radio stations

## InfoBox

WKKI
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Lima, Ohio |
| Frequency | 94.3 MHz |
| Branding | *K94 Rocks* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Active rock |
| Affiliations | Cleveland Browns Radio Network<br>Cincinnati Reds Radio Network |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | The Sonshine Communications Corporation |
| History | |
| First air date | December 18, 1960 (as WMER) |
| Former call signs | WMER (1960–1978) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 60848 |
| Class | A |
| Power | 5,200 watts |
| HAAT | 108 meters |
| Transmitter coordinates | 40°33′8.00″N 84°30′46.00″W / 40.5522222°N 84.5127778°W / 40.5522222; -84.5127778 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen live |
| Website | k943.com |


title: Vera Bulich

abstract: Vera Sergeyevna Bulich (1898–1954) was a Russian poet, prose writer and critic. Georgii Adamovich compared the fine delicacy of her poetry to the finish of Chinese porcelain.

text:
# Vera Bulich

**Vera Sergeyevna Bulich** (1898–1954) was a Russian poet, prose writer and critic. Georgii Adamovich compared the fine delicacy of her poetry to the finish of Chinese porcelain.

## Life

The daughter of Sergei Bulich, a St Petersburg University professor specializing in Russian linguistics and music history, Vera Bulich was born in Saint Petersburg on 17 February 1898. The family fled Saint Petersburg after the Russian Revolution and settled in Finland. There she worked in the Slavic Department of the University of Helsinki library. In 1947 was appointed head of the newly founded Institute for Soviet Studies, establishing a library of over 20,000 volumes. She died of lung cancer in Helsinki on 2 July 1954.

From 1920 Bulich published Russian poetry, reviews and translations in émigré journals. Her first book (1927) was a collection of fairy tales for children in Finnish; subsequent books – another collection of fairy tales, and four books of poetry – were written in Russian.

## Works

* *Satu pikkiriikkisesta prinsessasta*, 1927
* *Skazki* \[Fairy tales\], 2 vols., 1931
* *Maiatnik. Pervaia kniga stikhov* \[Pendulum: A First Collection of Poems\], 1934
* *Plennyi veter. Vtoraia kniga stikhov* \[Captive Wind: A Second Collection of Poems\], 1938
* *Burelom. Tret\`ia kniga stikhov* \[Storm-Felled Wood: A Third Collection of Poems\], 1947
* *Vetvi. Chetvërtaia kniga stikhov* \[Branches: A Fourth Collection of Poems\], 1954

## InfoBox

| Vera Bulich | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Born | 1898
Saint Petersburg |
| Died | 1954 (aged 55–56)
Helsinki |
| Occupation | Poet |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Mencshely

abstract: Mencshely is a village in Veszprém county, Hungary.

text:
# Mencshely

**Mencshely** is a village in Veszprém county, Hungary.

## InfoBox

| Mencshely | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location of Veszprém county in Hungary | |
| MencshelyLocation of Mencshely | |
| Coordinates: 46°56′47″N 17°42′00″E / 46.94651°N 17.70007°E / 46.94651; 17.70007 | |
| Country | Hungary |
| County | Veszprém |
| Area | |
| Total | 12.62 km2 (4.87 sq mi) |
| Population (2004) | |
| Total | 260 |
| Density | 20.6/km2 (53/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 8271 |
| Area code | 88 |


title: Volborg, Montana

abstract: Volborg is an unincorporated community in Custer County, Montana, United States. It is located 41 miles (66 km) south of Miles City, and is also the home of two-time PBR World Champion Jess Lockwood.

text:
# Volborg, Montana

**Volborg** is an unincorporated community in Custer County, Montana, United States. It is located 41 miles (66 km) south of Miles City, and is also the home of two-time PBR World Champion Jess Lockwood.

## Climate

According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Volborg has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

## History

The town consists of an elementary school, post office, store with gas pumps, two homes and a few small outbuildings. The town was founded by Charlie M. Allen and is named for his first wife Theoline (Tillie) Volborg Osmenson Allen. Family tradition has it that Charlie Allen had submitted a listing of names to the US Post Office for the name of the town. That original list was rejected. Trying to find a name that the US Post Office would accept, pondering a good choice while at the dinner table, Tillie reached across the table, took the pencil and form from her husband and wrote in her middle name, Volborg. The US Post Office accepted the name.

## Notable person

45°50′34″N 105°40′52″W / 45.84278°N 105.68111°W / 45.84278; -105.68111


title: Ganeung Station

abstract: Ganeung Station is a metro station on the Line 1 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway. The station is located in northern Uijeongbu and previously served as the northern terminus for Line 1 before its extension to Soyosan.

text:
# Ganeung Station

**Ganeung Station** is a metro station on the Line 1 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway. The station is located in northern Uijeongbu and previously served as the northern terminus for Line 1 before its extension to Soyosan.

## History

It was originally built as a traditional railway station in 1961, named Gareung Station, but was abolished in 1963. It was rebuilt as **Uijeongbu Bukbu Station** and then renamed Ganeung in 2006.

## Platforms

## Exits

* **Exit 1**: Ganeung 1-dong Office, Korean National Red Cross, Uijeongbu Girls' High School, Uijeongbu Girls' Middle School, Uijeongbu Technical High School, Korea Electric Power Corporation
* **Exit 2**: Baeyoung Elementary School, Uijeongbu Joongang Elementary School, Uijeongbu 1-dong Post Office
* **Exit 3**: Parking lot

## InfoBox

| **가능 (을지대병원)**
Ganeung
(Eulji Univ. Medical Center) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | 가능역 |
| Hanja |  |
| Revised Romanization | *Ganeung-yeok* |
| McCune–Reischauer | *Kanŭng-yŏk* |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | 633 Pyeonghwa-ro,
Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi-do
South Korea |
| Coordinates | 37°44′54″N 127°02′39″E / 37.74833°N 127.04417°E / 37.74833; 127.04417 |
| Operated by | Korail |
| Line(s) | Gyeongwon Line |
| Platforms | 2 |
| Tracks | 3 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Aboveground |
| History | |
| Opened | October 5, 1987 |
| Previous names | Gareung
Uijeongbu Bukbu |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| Based on Jan-Dec of 2012.
**Line 1**: 17,393 | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station Seoul Metropolitan Subway Following station  Nogyangtowards Soyosan  Line 1  Uijeongbutowards Incheon | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Marsh Lock

abstract: Marsh Lock is a lock and weir situated on the River Thames in England, about 1 mile upstream of Henley Bridge in Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire. The lock is close to the Berkshire bank, but accessed from the Oxfordshire side via two long walkways, the downstream one being near Mill Meadows. The first pound lock was built by the Thames Navigation Commission in 1773. The weir consists of a series of iron watergates running from the lock to the Oxfordshire bank near the mills. It is situated between the two walkways.

text:
# Marsh Lock

| Marsh Lock |
| --- |
|  |
|  |

**Marsh Lock** is a lock and weir situated on the River Thames in England, about 1 mile upstream of Henley Bridge in Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire. The lock is close to the Berkshire bank, but accessed from the Oxfordshire side via two long walkways, the downstream one being near Mill Meadows. The first pound lock was built by the Thames Navigation Commission in 1773.

The weir consists of a series of iron watergates running from the lock to the Oxfordshire bank near the mills. It is situated between the two walkways.

## History

The earliest record of a flash lock is in 1580, but the lock and weir existed for some time before that. The pound lock was the third downstream of the eight locks built after the navigation act of 1770, and was completed in fir wood in 1773. Humphrey Gainsborough, a non-conformist minister at Henley Congregational Church was concerned in the building of the lock. He was an inventor and the brother of the artist Thomas Gainsborough. By 1780 the lock was reported as decaying fast, and in 1787 it was rebuilt of oak. The first lock-house was built in 1813. Positioned as it was on the opposite side of the tow path, the lock was considered "Extremely inconvenient and dangerous for barges" in 1814 and there are some indications that the flash lock was still in use.

In 1843 the lock was in poor condition and plans were drawn up to rebuild it on the opposite side of the river. However these came to nothing and the lower walkway was built about this time. The weir was rebuilt after 1879 but with some complaints about its unattractiveness. There were again proposals to move the lock across the river but it was rebuilt of more solid timber and reopened in 1886. The lock was rebuilt again in 1914. The weir was reconstructed in 2004 by Mowlem PLC to a design by Halcrow Group.

## Access to the lock

Because the lock is unusually situated on the opposite side of the river to the towpath, a long wooden bridge was built from the Oxfordshire bank to carry the path out to the lock island below the weir, and then back again to the riverbank above the weir. This feature is unique on the River Thames.

## Reach above the lock

At the lock and beyond it on the Berkshire bank there are steep hills, which give way to Wargrave Marsh, an expanse of water meadows, after the entrance to the Hennerton Backwater. At this point, Bolney Ferry used to operate across the river. The island here is called Ferry Eyot and it is followed by Poplar Eyot and Handbuck Eyot. This chain of islands lies off a range of large houses at Shiplake.

The river then rejoins Hennerton Backwater and passes Wargrave on the Berkshire bank while there is then open farmland on the Shiplake bank. The River Loddon flows in on the Berkshire side and the river is crossed by Shiplake Railway Bridge just below Shiplake Lock. The Wargrave & Shiplake Regatta takes place on the reach downstream of the railway bridge in August.

## Thames Path

The Thames Path follows the river on the western bank and then takes a diversion through Shiplake, rejoining the river at Shiplake Lock. This diversion arises because: firstly, the towpath used to cross the river at Bolney Ferry and return at Lashbrook Ferry a short way upstream; secondly there is no easy access to rejoin the path for the section between Lashbrook Ferry and Shiplake Lock.

51°31′41″N 0°53′14″W / 51.52803°N 0.88710°W / 51.52803; -0.88710

## InfoBox

| Marsh Lock | |
| --- | --- |
| Marsh Lock from the upstream walkway with the weir on the left | |
|  | |
| Waterway | River Thames |
| County | Berkshire |
| Maintained by | Environment Agency |
| Operation | Hydraulic |
| First built | 1773 |
| Latest built | 1914 |
| Length | 41.19 m (135 ft 2 in) |
| Width | 6.42 m (21 ft 1 in) |
| Fall | 1.33 m (4 ft 4 in) |
| Above sea level | 105' |
| Distance to <br>Teddington Lock | 46 miles |


title: Murray v Foyle Meats Ltd

abstract: Murray v Foyle Meats Ltd [1999] UKHL 30 is a UK labour law case, concerning redundancy, specifically the interpretation of the Employment Rights Act 1996.

text:
# Murray v Foyle Meats Ltd

***Murray v Foyle Meats Ltd*** \[1999\] UKHL 30 is a UK labour law case, concerning redundancy, specifically the interpretation of the Employment Rights Act 1996.

## Facts

Foyle Meats Ltd's slaughtering business was declining. The company eliminated one production line in the slaughter hall, and 35 meat plant operatives were made redundant from the slaughter hall. The employees all had flexibility clauses, and they sometimes rotated departments to the boning or loading hall, etc. The dismissed employees claimed they were not redundant because the employer still needed workers under the same terms, just in different departments.

## Judgment

Lord Irvine LC held that the operatives were redundant and that "the language of the \[Employment Rights Act 1996 section 139(1)(b)\] is in my view simplicity itself". He referred to *Nelson v BBC* which had wrongly propagated the "contract test" view, which was wrong. A simple causation test was applied, based on the word "attributable" in the statute. Did diminishing demand for labor cause the dismissal?

> The argument before the Employment Appeal Tribunal turned on whether the ‘contract test’ ought to be applied (i.e. did the company require fewer employees \[sic\] of the kind specified in Mr Pink’s contract)…

## InfoBox

| Murray v Foyle Meats Ltd | |
| --- | --- |
| Court | House of Lords |
| Citations | \[1999\] UKHL 30, \[1999\] ICR 827 |
| Keywords | |
| Redundancy | |


abstract: This is a list of the Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica winners and nominees for Best Artist — South.

text:
# Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica for Best Artist — South

This is a list of the Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica winners and nominees for **Best Artist — South**.

| Year | Winner | Other nominees |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2002 | **Diego Torres** |  |
| 2003 | **Bersuit Vergarabat** |  |
| 2004 | **Diego Torres** |  |
| 2005 | **Miranda!** |  |
| 2006 | **Gustavo Cerati** |  |
| 2007 | **Airbag** |  |
| 2008 | **Miranda!** |  |
| 2009 | **Miranda!** |  |


title: Walter Aston (actor)

abstract: Walter Aston (c.1706–1739) was a British stage actor of the eighteenth century. He was the son of the actor Anthony Aston, and he began as a child actor in his father's productions where he was often billed as Aston Junior. His earliest role was probably in Dublin, and he toured Britain with his parents. From at least 1732 he joined John Rich's company at Covent Garden Theatre where he worked until 1738. He tended to specialise in playing elderly roles, often in Shakespeare adaptations.

text:
# Walter Aston (actor)

**Walter Aston** (c.1706–1739) was a British stage actor of the eighteenth century.

He was the son of the actor Anthony Aston, and he began as a child actor in his father's productions where he was often billed as **Aston Junior**. His earliest role was probably in Dublin, and he toured Britain with his parents. From at least 1732 he joined John Rich's company at Covent Garden Theatre where he worked until 1738. He tended to specialise in playing elderly roles, often in Shakespeare adaptations.

## Bibliography

* Highfill, Philip H, Burnim, Kalman A. & Langhans, Edward A. *A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses, Musicians, Dancers, Managers, and Other Stage Personnel in London, 1660–1800: Garrick to Gyngell*. SIU Press, 1978.


title: Vera Carmi

abstract: Vera Carmi was an Italian film actress. She appeared in more than 50 films between 1940 and 1956.

text:
# Vera Carmi

**Vera Carmi** (23 November 1914  6 September 1969) was an Italian film actress. She appeared in more than 50 films between 1940 and 1956.

## Life and career

Carmi was born **Virginia Doglioli** in Turin. After being spotted by the director Ferdinando Maria Poggioli in a beauty contest, she made her film debut in 1940, in a supporting role in Poggioli's *Goodbye Youth* and in a short time she became one of the most requested actresses in the *Telefoni Bianchi* genre.

After the war she got critical acclaim for a number of dramatic performances, notably Mario Soldati's *His Young Wife* and Luciano Emmer's *Sunday in August*. She was also very active on stage. Gradually cast in less important roles, she eventually retired in the second half of the 1950s.

Carmi was the first wife of the football player Aldo Giuseppe Borel.

## Partial filmography

## InfoBox

| Vera Carmi | |
| --- | --- |
| Carmi in 1941 | |
| Born | Virginia Doglioli
(1914-11-23)23 November 1914
Turin, Kingdom of Italy |
| Died | 6 September 1969(1969-09-06) (aged 54)
Rome, Italy |
| Other names | Vera Del Monte |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1940–1956 |


title: Menculik Miyabi

abstract: Menculik Miyabi is a 2010 Indonesian comedy film directed by Findo Purwono HW and produced by Ody Mulya Hidayat. Starring Sabrina Pai and Nicky Tirta, the film follows a young man who is obsessed with AV idol Maria Ozawa and, in an attempt to kidnap her, accidentally kidnaps a Taiwanese tourist. After the film was announced it was protested heavily by the Islamic Defenders Front, which resulted in Ozawa's role being cut almost entirely. Critical reception was unfavourable.

text:
# Menculik Miyabi

***Menculik Miyabi*** (Indonesian for *Kidnapping Miyabi*) is a 2010 Indonesian comedy film directed by Findo Purwono HW and produced by Ody Mulya Hidayat. Starring Sabrina Pai and Nicky Tirta, the film follows a young man who is obsessed with AV idol Maria Ozawa and, in an attempt to kidnap her, accidentally kidnaps a Taiwanese tourist. After the film was announced it was protested heavily by the Islamic Defenders Front, which resulted in Ozawa's role being cut almost entirely. Critical reception was unfavourable.

## Plot

Following a contest, Miyabi is asked to deliver a prize, consisting of a pair of airplane tickets, to Jakarta, Indonesia. Excited by the prospect, she begins learning about Indonesia. However, when she attempts to board her flight she discovers that she has forgotten her passport at home and is thus stuck in Tokyo.

Meanwhile, in Jakarta, Kevin and his friends Bimo and Aan are being terrorised by Mike and his flunky. Mike bets the trio that they will be unable to find a beautiful woman to bring to his girlfriend Jessica's birthday party. Seeing Mike's childish behaviour towards the trio of "losers", Jessica – Kevin's childhood friend – breaks up with Mike on their way home.

At Kevin's home, Aan discovers that Miyabi is scheduled to come to Indonesia and has the trio go to Soekarno-Hatta Airport to see her. They join a crowd of Miyabi fans and, when a woman resembling Miyabi leaves the entry gate, the group of fans chases after her. Kevin and his friends force her into their car, while Aan silently takes her passport. After a series of misunderstandings caused by language barriers, the girl realises that her passport is missing. When Kevin and his friends take her to the Japanese embassy they discover that the girl, Mie Yao Bie, is from Taiwan. The boys plan to have her spend the three days required to make a new passport at Kevin's house. Mie Yao Bie, although at first disgusted with the boys, grows to like them – although they remain unable to communicate verbally.

Later that day Jessica comes to Kevin's home, asking to use his internet connection to send an email. Kevin assists her, and after almost sharing a kiss Jessica invites him to see a movie with her. This date, however, is interrupted when Mie Yao Bie arrives, calls for Kevin, and gives him an enthusiastic hug upon finding him. Jessica declares Kevin to be the same as all other men and leaves him alone in the theatre. The following day, when Kevin tries to give her flowers to make amends, Mike steals his flowers and gives them to Jessica.

Before the party Kevin discovers that Aan has been hiding Mie Yao Bie's passport and, after fighting with Aan, gives it back to her. Aan thereafter decides to go to the party on his own but is humiliated, forced to drink alcohol while dressed only in his boxers. Kevin, having decided to stand up for himself and win Jessica's love, arrives with Bimo and beats Mike in a fight. Mike states that Kevin had still lost their bet, as he had not brought any girls with him. Mie Yao Bie then arrives with her Taiwanese friends and kisses each of the trio on the cheek. Enraged, Mike departs.

Jessica, after hearing the whole story, forgives Kevin; they begin dating and share a kiss. Some days later, Miyabi arrives in Jakarta and – owing to a mishap with apartment numbers – delivers the prize to Bimo. Bimo, however, is unaware that she is Miyabi and treats her as a courier.

## Production

*Menculik Miyabi* was directed by Findo Purwono HW and produced by Ody Mulya Hidayat of Maxima Pictures. The script was written by Bang Marqee; blogger-cum-novelist Raditya Dika was reportedly attached, but denied any connection owing in part to fears that his young readers would attempt to learn of Ozawa and her pornography. Cinematography was handled by Joel F Zola, while editing was completed by the Waldo Brothers. Music was provided by Joseph S Djafar, with Abdul Malik Deva and Bellamy on sound. The film starred Sabrina Pai, Nicky Tirta, Herfiza Novianti, Kevin Julio Chandra, and Hardi Fadhillah.

The film was initially meant to star Maria Ozawa, who was cast for the part at great expense. Commonly billed as Miyabi in Indonesia, Ozawa was a Eurasian AV idol from Japan who had become famous in 2005. As an AV idol she had acted in numerous pornographic films. For *Menculik Miyabi* she would have performed no nude scenes. However, as she had been a pornographic actress the hardline Islamic Defenders Front (*Font Pembela Islam*, or FPI) protested the production. A spokesman said that the group was "ready to die fighting" to prevent Ozawa's arrival; in other protests students burned women's underwear. Ultimately the Ministry of Culture and Tourism banned Ozawa from coming to Indonesia, and plans for her to film in Indonesia were dropped. She ultimately filmed several scenes in Japan, although she had reduced prominence in the final edit.

## Release and reception

*Menculik Miyabi* was released on 6 May 2010. The Indonesian Ulema Council protested its contents, while the FPI threatened to raid theatres showing the film. Otherwise the release proved uneventful. It saw mediocre box-office returns.

Marcel Thee, reviewing for *The Jakarta Globe*, found the film "another dud in a collection of tedious local comedies" which focused on "not particularly funny sex jokes and an equally hollow love story". Benny Benke of the Semarang-based *Suara Merdeka*, found the film's elements to be "unrelated" ("tidak terkait"), with the title serving only as a draw for male audiences.

Ozawa would later star in another Indonesian production, the horror film *Hantu Tanah Kusir* (*Ghost of Tanah Kusir*), in 2010. This film was also made by Maxima Pictures.

## Footnotes

## Works cited

* Benke, Benny (7 May 2010). "'Menculik Miyabi' Langsung Ditentang MUI" \['Menculik Miyabi' Challenged by MUI\]. *Suara Merdeka* (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
* Benke, Benny (7 May 2010). "Menjajakan Miyabi" \[Peddling Miyabi\]. *Suara Merdeka* (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 11 May 2010. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
* "Government bans Miyabi from visiting Indonesia". *The Jakarta Post*. 13 October 2009. Archived from the original on 16 November 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
* "Hari Kedua, 'Menculik Miyabi' Ramai Ditonton" \[Second Day, 'Menculik Miyabi' Has Many Viewers\]. *Kompas*. 7 May 2010. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
* "Kredit Lengkap Menculik Miyabi" \[Credits for Menculik Miyabi\]. *filmindonesia.or.id* (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Konfidan Foundation. Archived from the original on 29 June 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
* "Miyabi film debuts without incident". *The Jakarta Post*. 8 May 2010. Archived from the original on 23 August 2013. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
* "Miyabi to feature in Indonesian movie". *The Jakarta Post*. 19 September 2009. Archived from the original on 8 October 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
* Matondang, Patra (2 June 2010). "Profile: Ody Mulya: Controversy sells". *The Jakarta Post*. Archived from the original on 23 August 2013. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
* Muharrami, Novi (7 May 2010). "Raditya Dika Protes Disebut Penulis Menculik Miyabi" \[Raditya Dika Protests Being Called Writer of Menculik Miyabi\]. *Oke Zone* (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 24 October 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
* Sagita, Dessy (25 November 2010). "With Little Ado, Miyabi Arrives in Indonesian Theaters". *The Jakarta Post*. Archived from the original on 14 October 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
* Setiawati, Indah (10 October 2009). "FPI rallies against Miyabi; producer continues". *The Jakarta Post*. Archived from the original on 11 January 2010. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
* Thee, Marcel (9 May 2010). "Miyabi Hits Theaters, but Was She Worth the Wait?". *Jakarta Globe*. Archived from the original on 1 October 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2013.

## InfoBox

| Menculik Miyabi | |
| --- | --- |
| Poster | |
| Directed by | Findo Purwono HW |
| Written by | Bang Marqee |
| Screenplay by | Bang Marqee |
| Produced by | Ody Mulya Hidayat |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Joel F Zola |
| Edited by | Waldo Brothers |
| Music by | Joseph S Djafar |
| Production<br>company | Maxima Pictures |
| Release date | * 6 May 2010 (2010-05-06) |
| Running time | 85 minutes |
| Country | Indonesia |
| Language | Indonesian |


title: Vizăuți

abstract: The Vizăuți is a left tributary of the river Putna in Romania. It discharges into the Putna near Vidra. Its length is 24 km (15 mi) and its basin size is 86 km⁲ (33 sq mi).

text:
# Vizăuți

The **Vizăuți** is a left tributary of the river Putna in Romania. It discharges into the Putna near Vidra. Its length is 24 km (15 mi) and its basin size is 86 km2 (33 sq mi).

## InfoBox

| Vizăuți | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Romania |
| Counties | Vrancea County |
| Villages | Vizantea Mănăstirească |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth | Putna |
| coordinates | 45°55′00″N 26°56′18″E / 45.9166°N 26.9383°E / 45.9166; 26.9383 |
| Length | 24 km (15 mi) |
| Basin size | 86 km2 (33 sq mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | PutnaSiretDanubeBlack Sea |
| Tributaries |  |
| left | Budulaș, Bejeneci, Turburele, Cârlig |
| right | Găurile |


title: Ganeshwar Kusum

abstract: Ganeshwar Kusum was an Indian politician. He was a Member of Parliament, representing Odisha in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of India's Parliament, as a member of the Indian National Congress. Kusum died on 24 December 2021, at the age of 87.

text:
# Ganeshwar Kusum

**Ganeshwar Kusum** (21 March 1934 – 24 December 2021) was an Indian politician.

He was a Member of Parliament, representing Odisha in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of India's Parliament, as a member of the Indian National Congress. Kusum died on 24 December 2021, at the age of 87.

## InfoBox

| Ganeshwar Kusum | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha | |
| **In office**<br>1984–1990 | |
| Constituency | Odisha |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1934-03-21)21 March 1934 |
| Died | 24 December 2021(2021-12-24) (aged 87) |
| Political party | Indian National Congress |
| Spouse | Jasada Kusum |
| Source: | |


title: Marsh Mokhtari

abstract: Marsh Mokhtari is a British born, US-based TV host, actor and producer.

text:
# Marsh Mokhtari

**Marsh Mokhtari** is a British born, US-based TV host, actor and producer.

## Career

His TV credits include hosting *Extreme Chef* on Food Network, host of *Perilous Journeys* on National Geographic Channel and several soap-opera appearances as Chris Boothe in 2006 on *Passions* and as Carson MacDonald in 2007 on *The Young and The Restless*.

Mokhtari and his wife, Jan, started Golden State Distillery which produces Gray Whale Gin. A percentage of the sales of the gin goes toward environmental causes.

## Personal life

Mokhtari and his wife have two daughters.


title: Museo Camera

abstract: The Museo Camera is a museum in Gurugram, Haryana dedicated to the art and history of photography. Inaugurated on 28 August 2019, the museum is a joint public-private venture between Gurugram Municipal Corporation and India Photo Archive Foundation. It is conceived by noted historian, photographer, and activist, Aditya Arya. It is the largest non-profit public-funded centre for photographic arts in South Asia.

text:
# Museo Camera

The **Museo Camera** (also known as **Museo Camera Centre for the Photographic Arts**) is a museum in Gurugram, Haryana dedicated to the art and history of photography. Inaugurated on 28 August 2019, the museum is a joint public-private venture between Gurugram Municipal Corporation and India Photo Archive Foundation. It is conceived by noted historian, photographer, and activist, Aditya Arya. It is the largest non-profit public-funded centre for photographic arts in South Asia.

## History

The museum started in 2009 in a basement as a part of Arya's personal collections of equipment related to photography. In order to make the collection more accessible to the public, Arya collaborated with the Municipal Corporation of Gurugram in 2016. A museum spanning over 18,000 sq. ft. was inaugurated on 28 August 2019.

## Collections

The museum collection has over 3000 objects which include cameras, lenses, lighting equipment, photographic ephemera, etc. that traces the history and progress of photography in the world and the Indian subcontinent in particular. There are over 2500 antique cameras from more than 100 countries across the world. Prominent artifacts include the world's tiniest camera, while the oldest one in the collection dates back to the 1870s. There are also flash equipment, photographic films, lenses of various types, light meters, and enlargers. The photo archives consist of photographs of socio-political, cultural, and historical interests.

Recognised by the Indian Government's Ministry of Culture as a National Collection, the Kulwant Roy Collection is housed in this museum. It features rare and iconic images of India's freedom fighters and national heroes. It has been widely exhibited around the world by the Government of India in collaboration with ICCR. The other miscellaneous range of exhibits on display includes notable advertisements from the world of photography, materials related to camera companies, film roll makers, historic records of patents, etc. One of the most famous exhibits is the *Century Graphic (Turn of the Century)* which Aditya Arya explains was used to take portrait pictures in 1900s in the studio.

## Events and exhibitions

The museum regularly organises several events and exhibitions all throughout the year. Some of the important events it has conducted include a talk by Harsheen Jammu on *The Essence of Colors*, a performance by the music band *Chaar Yaar* on account of India's platinum jubilee celebrations of Independence Day, Mahmood Farooqui's Dastangoi, etc. Notable exhibitions include Partho Sen Gupta's *Unpacked*, H.E. Emmanuel Lenin's *An Exhibition of Cyanotype Prints*, Aparna Banerjee's *Framing Flowers* are significant examples. Tarab Khan's painting exhibition *At the Gates of Talbosh*, presented a way of escape from the real world into a new world of future possibilities.

## Services

The museum provides a host of services including specially curated workshops, museum tours and special events for children, research scholars, amateurs, etc. The India Photo Archive Foundation (IPAF) and the Digital Asset Management (DAM) provide conservation, archiving, and digital preservation services. It also provides archival printing facilities to preserve old, and priceless photographs. It also has film development and scanning services.

1. "Asia's largest collection of cameras is now in Gurugram". *Condé Nast Traveller India*. 10 September 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
2. Scroll Staff (31 May 2023). "Watch: Thousands of retro cameras are on view at the Museo Camera in Gurugram". *Scroll.in*. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
3. "One of its kind Camera museum in Gurugram". *www.telegraphindia.com*. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
4. Prakash, Uma. "Museo Camera: How Aditya Arya created the world-class museum of photography". *thepunchmagazine.com*. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
5. "Thousands of retro cameras on display at this museum | Reuters Video". *www.reuters.com*. 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
6. "Photos: Stroll through photography's past at Gurugram's Museo Camera". *Hindustan Times*. 29 August 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
7. "Aditya Arya's massive photography museum in Gurugram". *The Hindu*. 28 August 2021. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
8. "'Mann Ki Baat': PM Modi urges people to visit museums, talks about Gurugram's Museo Camera which treasures over 8,000 cameras". *Asian News International*. 29 May 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
9. "Events: Museo Camera". *www.museocamera.org*. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
10. "Exhibitions: Museo Camera". *www.museocamera.org*. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
11. "A world of new possibilities in the Tarab Khan exhibition at Gurugram's camera museum". *The Hindu*. 9 February 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
12. "A click-worthy, visual treat @ Museo Camera". *Deccan Herald*. 6 February 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2023.

## InfoBox

Museo Camera
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Established | 28 August 2019 (2019-08-28) |
| Location | Gurugram, Haryana, India |
| Coordinates | 28°28′11″N 77°04′50″E / 28.46969°N 77.08042°E / 28.46969; 77.08042 |
| Type | Art museum |
| Website | www.museocamera.org |


abstract: This is a list of the Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica winners and nominees for Best New Artist — International.

text:
# Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica for Best New Artist — International

This is a list of the Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica winners and nominees for **Best New Artist — International**.

| Year | Winner | Other nominees |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2002 | **Avril Lavigne** |  |
| 2003 | **Evanescence** |  |
| 2004 | **Maroon 5** |  |
| 2005 | **My Chemical Romance** |  |
| 2006 | **James Blunt** |  |
| 2007 | **Fergie** |  |
| 2008 | **Tokio Hotel** |  |
| 2009 | **Lady Gaga** |  |


abstract: List of champions of the 1894 U.S. National Championships tennis tournament. The men's tournament was held from August 20 to August 27 on the outdoor grass courts at the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island. The women's singles and doubles tournament as well as the mixed doubles event was held from June 12 to June 16 on the outdoor grass courts at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was the 15th U.S. National Championships and the second Grand Slam tournament of the year.

text:
# 1894 U.S. National Championships (tennis)

List of champions of the **1894 U.S. National Championships** tennis tournament (now known as the US Open). The men's tournament was held from August 20 to August 27 on the outdoor grass courts at the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island. The women's singles and doubles tournament as well as the mixed doubles event was held from June 12 to June 16 on the outdoor grass courts at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was the 15th U.S. National Championships and the second Grand Slam tournament of the year.

## Finals

### Men's singles

Robert Wrenn defeated  Manliffe Goodbody 6–8, 6–1, 6–4, 6–4

### Women's singles

Helen Hellwig defeated  Aline Terry 7–5, 3–6, 6–0, 3–6, 6–3

### Men's doubles

Clarence Hobart /  Fred Hovey defeated  Carr Neel /  Sam Neel 6–3, 8–6, 6–1

### Women's doubles

Helen Hellwig /  Juliette Atkinson defeated  Annabella Wistar /  Amy Williams 6–4, 8–6, 6–2

### Mixed doubles

Juliette Atkinson /  Edwin P. Fischer defeated  Mrs. McFadden /  Gustav Remak 6–3, 6–2, 6–1

## InfoBox

| 1894 U.S. National Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | August 20–27 (M)
June 12–16 (W) |
| Edition | 14th |
| Category | Grand Slam |
| Surface | Grass |
| Location | Newport, R.I., United States (M)
Philadelphia, PA, United States (W) |
| Champions | |
| Men's singles | |
| Robert Wrenn | |
| Women's singles | |
| Helen Hellwig | |
| Men's doubles | |
| Clarence Hobart /  Fred Hovey | |
| Women's doubles | |
| Helen Hellwig /  Juliette Atkinson | |
| Mixed doubles | |
| Juliette Atkinson /  Edwin P. Fischer | |
|  | |