title: Po Hing Fong

abstract: Po Hing Fong is a street in Sheung Wan, Hong Kong. It is also a cul-de-sac. In recent years, it has transformed into a new funky neighborhood in Hong Kong and nicknamed "PoHo" as more artists and interesting shops, such as bohemian cafés, boutiques and design studios, have moved in.

text:
# Po Hing Fong

**Po Hing Fong** is a street in Sheung Wan, Hong Kong. It is also a cul-de-sac.

In recent years, it has transformed into a new funky neighborhood in Hong Kong and nicknamed "PoHo" as more artists and interesting shops, such as bohemian cafés, boutiques and design studios, have moved in.

## History

Po Hing Fong was an original site of one of the Tongmenghui Reception Centres, an anti-Qing revolutionary organisation led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen, to provide asylums for revolutionaries.

Chau Siu-ki, a prominent Hong Kong businessman used to own two houses at Po Hing Fong. Sir Cecil Clementi, the then Governor of Hong Kong, lived at one of Chau's houses when he was a civil servant.

On 17 July 1925 shortly before 9 a.m., an extensive wall behind the houses near the Caine Road-Ladder Street end undermined by the heavy rains of the past three days. The flood gave out and swept away seven houses on Po Hing Fong where thirty families inhabited. Nearly eighty people were killed in the disaster, among those were Chau Siu-ki and many of his family members. Chau Tsun-nin, Chau Siu-ki's son, miraculous survived, due to his having fallen from his bed under a table which supported the weight of the bricks. Chau Tsun-nin later became member of the Executive Council and Legislative Council of Hong Kong.

## Notable residents

22°17′04″N 114°08′52″E / 22.284320°N 114.147775°E / 22.284320; 114.147775

## InfoBox

| Po Hing Fong | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Traditional Chinese | 普慶坊 |
| Simplified Chinese | 普庆坊 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Pǔqìng Fang  Yue: Cantonese  Yale Romanization Pou2 hing3 fong1 | |
|  | |


title: Von Jour Caux

abstract: Von Jour Caux is the pseudonym of Toshiro Tanaka, a Japanese architect, artist, and thinker. He has been referred to as the Japanese Gaudi.

text:
# Von Jour Caux

***Von Jour Caux*** (梵寿綱, *Bon Jukō*) is the pseudonym of **Toshiro Tanaka** (田中 俊郎, *Tanaka Toshirō*) (born 27 January 1934 in Asakusa, Tokyo), a Japanese architect, artist, and thinker. He has been referred to as the Japanese Gaudi.

## Pseudonym

The pseudonym Von Jour Caux combines concepts from ancient Sanskrit texts (Upanishads) and the posthumous name of his adoptive father. More precisely, Brahman is written bon (Von) in Chinese letters, ju (Jour) means "blessed life", and kou (Caux) means "rope", which the architect translates into "a tight rope between blessed life and ultimate reality". Jukou (Ju-Kou) was also his adoptive father's posthumous buddhist name.

## Biography

Von Jour Caux studied architecture at the Waseda University and opened an architect firm in 1958.

He travelled to Chicago in 1962, inspired by architects such as Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and studied painting, sculpture, and arts and crafts at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, where he met his future wife. In 1971, he abandoned his conventional architectural practice and, along with his wife, formed a group of artists and craftsmen called *Art Complex* in 1974, the year he adopted the artist pseudonym Von Jour Caux The "Art Complex Movement" is the revival of "Arts and Crafts Movement" in architectural space, such as the use of ornaments, symbolic icons and style.

The group's first project was the Waseda El Dorado (ドラード早稲田 or Shito) in Tokyo built around a "city of gold" utopy. In 1985, he delivered the Mukōdai Home For the Aged erected in Higashiyamato, Tokyo where he focused on the end of life phenomenon taking place in the building. In 1990, he designed the La Porta Izumi apartment building in Tokyo. The building has a distinctive facade of a monumental sculpted body-bent woman with hair falling down cascade-like and mixing with the fire of a torch at the lower levels of the building. In 1992, he designed the aquatic Mind Waa building in Tokyo in collaboration with the building owner.

## Style

Von Jour Caux was referred to as the Gaudi of Japan. His work endorse similar shaping logics, but the Japanese architect is rather filled with ideologies from esoteric Buddhism and animism. Antimodernist, his work is more associated to the eclectic catalog of Art Nouveau. Compared to Gaudi, Von Jour Caux gave complete autonomy to his craftsmen, his work truly being the work of the Art Complex Movement.

He also designed the Le bois Hiraki Minamiikebukuro Building in Toshima, Tokyo, and the Tsukada building in Tokyo with a very sober style.


title: ING5

abstract: Inhibitor of growth protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ING5 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is similar to ING1, a tumor suppressor protein that can interact with TP53, inhibit cell growth, and induce apoptosis. This protein contains a PHD-finger, which is a common motif in proteins involved in chromatin remodeling. This protein can bind TP53 and EP300/p300, a component of the histone acetyl transferase complex, suggesting its involvement in TP53-dependent regulatory pathway.

text:
# ING5

**Inhibitor of growth protein 5** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *ING5* gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is similar to ING1, a tumor suppressor protein that can interact with TP53, inhibit cell growth, and induce apoptosis. This protein contains a PHD-finger, which is a common motif in proteins involved in chromatin remodeling. This protein can bind TP53 and EP300/p300, a component of the histone acetyl transferase complex, suggesting its involvement in TP53-dependent regulatory pathway.

## Interactions

ING5 has been shown to interact with EP300 and P53.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| ING5 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Available structures  PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | ING5, p28inhibitor of growth family member 5 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 608525; MGI: 1922816; HomoloGene: 90955; GeneCards: ING5; OMA:ING5 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_032329
NM\_001330161
NM\_001330162   NM\_025454
NM\_029340   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001317090
NP\_001317091
NP\_115705   NP\_079730   Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 241.69 – 241.73 Mb Chr 1: 93.73 – 93.75 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Peter Jihde

abstract: Peter Jihde is a Swedish television host and sports reporter on TV4. Jihde was born in Malmö, Sweden. He has hosted Sporten, Fotbollskväll, and has presented Olympic games and football world championships. Jihde has also hosted his own talk show Hos Jihde on SVT. His brother, Niklas Jihde, is a former professional floorball player who currently also works in TV. He is also a host on the channel TV4 Sport. Jihde has hosted Idol 2007, Idol 2008, Idol 2009 and Idol 2010 in Swedish Idol.

text:
# Peter Jihde

**Peter Jihde** (born 12 July 1971) is a Swedish television host and sports reporter on TV4.

Jihde was born in Malmö, Sweden. He has hosted *Sporten*, *Fotbollskväll*, and has presented Olympic games and football world championships. Jihde has also hosted his own talk show *Hos Jihde* on SVT. His brother, Niklas Jihde, is a former professional floorball player who currently also works in TV. He is also a host on the channel TV4 Sport.

Jihde has hosted *Idol 2007*, *Idol 2008*, *Idol 2009* and *Idol 2010* in *Swedish Idol*.

## InfoBox

| Peter Jihde | |
| --- | --- |
| Peter Jihde in May 2010 | |
| Born | (1972-07-12) 12 July 1972<br>Malmö, Sweden |
| Occupation | Television presenter |
| Years active | 2001-present |
| Known for | Idol 2007, Idol 2008, numerous sports events |
| Height | 1.76 |


title: Odontocheila

abstract: Odontocheila is a genus in the beetle family Cicindelidae. There are more than 70 described species in Odontocheila, found in South America, Central America, and Mexico.

text:
# Odontocheila

***Odontocheila*** is a genus in the beetle family Cicindelidae. There are more than 70 described species in *Odontocheila*, found in South America, Central America, and Mexico.

## Species

These 79 species belong to the genus *Odontocheila*:

## InfoBox

| *Odontocheila* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Odontocheila cayennensis*, French Guiana | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cicindelidae |
| Tribe: | Cicindelini |
| Subtribe: | Dromicina |
| Genus: | *Odontocheila*<br>Laporte, 1834 |
|


title: Myron M. Cowen

abstract: Myron Melvin Cowen was an American lawyer and diplomat, who served as US Ambassador to Australia, Belgium and Philippines.

text:
# Myron M. Cowen

**Myron Melvin Cowen** (January 25, 1898 – November 1, 1965) was an American lawyer and diplomat, who served as US Ambassador to Australia, Belgium and Philippines.

## Biography

Cowen was born in Logan, Iowa. His father was Aaron Harry and mother was Dora T. Blala Cowen. Cowen studied in Wofford College of Spartanburg, S.C. from 1914–1915 and graduated from Drake University of Des Moines in 1918. From 1919 to 1926, he practiced law in Des Moines. From 1926 to 1933, he was the commissioner for the US court of Appeals in Washington D.C., where he continued his legal practice from 1935 to 1948. He was appointed US Ambassador to Australia from 1948 to 1949 and afterwards served as US ambassador to Philippines from 1949 to 1952. He expected a less corrupt and capable government for Philippine and suggested a covert action to oust then Philippine president, Elpidio Quirino. From 1952 to 1953, he was US ambassador to Belgium. Until his death in Washington, D.C., he practiced law.


title: Peter Aldrich Homestead

abstract: Peter Aldrich Homestead is a historic home located at Gardiner in Ulster County, New York. It is a 1+1⁄2-story frame dwelling built in stages, with the oldest section dating to about 1750. The interior features notable Federal period decorative woodwork. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

text:
# Peter Aldrich Homestead

**Peter Aldrich Homestead** is a historic home located at Gardiner in Ulster County, New York. It is a 1+12-story frame dwelling built in stages, with the oldest section dating to about 1750. The interior features notable Federal period decorative woodwork.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Peter Aldrich Homestead | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Peter Aldrich Homestead, Gardiner, NY, USA | |
|  | |
| Location | 168 Decker Rd., Gardiner, New York |
| Coordinates | 41°40′11″N 74°15′24″W / 41.66972°N 74.25667°W / 41.66972; -74.25667 |
| Area | 15.8 acres (6.4 ha) |
| Built | 1750 |
| MPS | Shawangunk Valley MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 83001811 |
| Added to NRHP | September 26, 1983 |


title: Vaaimai

abstract: Vaaimai is a 2016 Indian Tamil-language courtroom drama film written and directed by A. Senthil Kumar. Inspired by the script of Reginald Rose's Twelve Angry Men (1954), the film stars Shanthnu Bhagyaraj and Muktha Bhanu amongst an ensemble cast. Goundamani, Thyagarajan, Ramki, Urvashi, Manoj K. Bharathi, Prithvi Pandiarajan and Poornima Bhagyaraj are also part of the cast. Though production had begun in 2013, the film released following a production delay on 8 September 2016, garnering negative reviews.

text:
# Vaaimai

***Vaaimai*** (transl.The Truth) is a 2016 Indian Tamil-language courtroom drama film written and directed by A. Senthil Kumar. Inspired by the script of Reginald Rose's *Twelve Angry Men* (1954), the film stars Shanthnu Bhagyaraj and Muktha Bhanu amongst an ensemble cast. Goundamani, Thyagarajan, Ramki, Urvashi, Manoj K. Bharathi, Prithvi Pandiarajan and Poornima Bhagyaraj are also part of the cast. Though production had begun in 2013, the film released following a production delay on 8 September 2016, garnering negative reviews.

## Plot

A woman stands accused of helping her son assassinate a politician. She needs to defend herself against accusations that she was an accomplice to the plot.

## Cast

## Production

Senthil Kumar chose to make his debut with *Vaaimai* after his other project, *Thirudan* featuring Vijay Antony, ran into production troubles during 2012. Inspired by Reginald Rose's *Twelve Angry Men* (1954), Senthil Kumar signed on Shanthnu Bhagyaraj to play the lead role in the film. The film began its shoot in February 2013, with a bevy of retired actors making their comebacks. Goundamani, Ramki, Thiagarajan, Poornima Bhagyaraj, and Manoj K. Bharathi all signed on to work on the film, several years after their previous films had released. The film was subsequently shot in places like Delhi, Rishikesh, Haridwar and Kollimalai.

After a three-year production delay, the film was readied for release in September 2016 with Vijay Sethupathi working as a narrator in the film.

## Release

The film opened after a long production delay in September 2016 to negative reviews. A critic from *The Hindu* called it "a forgettable re-interpretation of an all-time classic" and gave the film a very negative review. A critic from Sify.com wrote "It's very difficult to tolerate when someone adapt a classic film like Twelve Angry Men with a plodding screenplay, over the top dialogues and dramatic performances! Well, if you are a fan of Twelve Angry Men, better never ever try to watch *Vaaimai*!", concluding "watch the film at your own risk". The reviewer from *The Times of India* noted "in fact, this film is — unconvincing, with writing that makes no sense and execution that is laughable".

## Soundtrack

Debutant Auggath has composed the music of this movie. The song "Kanpadum Un Mugham" is the second Tamil song that Bollywood playback singer Alka Yagnik has ever sung after "Idhu Enna Mayam" from *Oram Po* (2007).

Track listing
| No. | Title | Singer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Vaimaye Vellum" | Vijay Prakash | 4.32 |
| 2. | "Kanpadum Un Mugham" | Alka Yagnik | 3.45 |
| 3. | "Matta" | Blaaze, Vijay Prakash | 5.18 |
| 4. | "Boomiye Saamiye" | Sadhana Sargam | 3.18 |
| 5. | "Hey Nadu" | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam | 5.10 |
| Total length: | | | 22.13 |

## InfoBox

| Vaaimai | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | A. Senthil Kumar |
| Written by | A. Senthil Kumar |
| Produced by | S. Mani
S. Thamizhini |
| Starring | Shanthanu Bhagyaraj
Ramki
Goundamani
Thiagarajan
Muktha
Manoj Bharathiraja
Urvashi
Prithvi Pandiarajan
Poornima Bhagyaraj |
| Narrated by | Vijay Sethupathi |
| Cinematography | Rasamathi |
| Edited by | Anthony |
| Music by | Augath |
| Production
company | Min Max Movies |
| Release date | * 8 September 2016 (2016-09-08) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Tamil |


title: Podsmead

abstract: Podsmead is a district of Gloucester approximately one mile from the historic city centre. With the development of Quedgeley and Kingsway Village, Podsmead was becoming absorbed by the city in the early 21st century. The population of this Gloucester Ward was 2,994 at the 2011 Census. It is close to the hamlet of Hempsted.

text:
# Podsmead

**Podsmead** is a district of Gloucester approximately one mile from the historic city centre. With the development of Quedgeley and Kingsway Village, Podsmead was becoming absorbed by the city in the early 21st century. The population of this Gloucester Ward was 2,994 at the 2011 Census. It is close to the hamlet of Hempsted.

## History

Podsmead was largely built during the 20th century. The larger, grander houses similar to those in parts of Tuffley were built in the interwar period whilst immediately after World War II an estate of temporary homes and social housing was built. Some of the temporary housing is still in use. Podsmead has a large council estate.

In 1943 the Crypt School moved to its present home in Podsmead.

51°50′30″N 2°15′20″W / 51.84167°N 2.25556°W / 51.84167; -2.25556


title: Max Viinioksa

abstract: Max Viinioksa was a Finnish footballer who played as a defender. He made 50 appearances for the Finland national team from 1926 to 1935.

text:
# Max Viinioksa

**Max Viinioksa** (27 October 1905  1 February 1977) was a Finnish footballer who played as a defender. He made 50 appearances for the Finland national team from 1926 to 1935.

## InfoBox

Max Viinioksa
| Viinioksa in 1933 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Date of birth | (1905-10-27)27 October 1905 | | |
| Place of birth | Helsinki, Finland | | |
| Date of death | 1 February 1977(1977-02-01) (aged 71) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| International career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1926–1935 | Finland | 50 | (1) |


title: Iain Fullarton

abstract: Iain Fullarton is a former Scottish rugby union player. His regular playing position was Lock.

text:
# Iain Fullarton

**Iain Fullarton** (born 25 April 1976) is a former Scottish rugby union player. His regular playing position was Lock.

## Club career

Fullarton was educated at St. Mary's School, Melrose, Merchiston Castle School and the University of Aberdeen. While at Merchiston Castle School he appeared for the Scottish schools side. Fullarton turned professional with Edinburgh Reivers and has since played for Sale Sharks. He signed for Saracens in 2004. In June 2008 he signed a two-year deal to play for London Scottish.

## International career

Fullarton represented Scotland at under 21, under 19 and under 18 levels and made 15 appearances for the Scotland A side. He made his full Scotland debut in their tour of New Zealand in 2000, replacing Scott Murray in the first Test against New Zealand, and was subsequently selected in the starting line up for the second test. He won his third cap, again as a replacement for Scott Murray in the November 2001 Test, also against New Zealand. He won his fifth cap for Scotland when he came on as a substitute in the 2003 Rugby World Cup countdown Test against Ireland in 2003. Earlier that summer he toured South Africa with Scotland but did not play in either Test match. Overall he won eight international caps. In 2009 Fullarton represented the Barbarians.

## InfoBox

Iain Fullarton
| Date of birth | (1976-04-25) 25 April 1976 |
| --- | --- |
| School | Merchiston Castle School |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Lock  Senior career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  19962001
20012004
20042008
2008-2010 Edinburgh
Sale Sharks
Saracens F.C.
London Scottish   ()  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2000-2006 Scotland  8 | |


title: Petra Sprecher

abstract:
Petra Sprecher is a Swiss circus artist, stuntwoman and actress residing in Los Angeles. She is best known for being the original cast and the creator of the Cloudswing act in Cirque du Soleil's Quidam. In the stunt realm she is an established double for African American actresses. Some of her most notable stunt work includes doubling for Mariah Carey in The House, Vivica A. Fox in Independence Day: Resurgence and Rosario Dawson in Eagle Eye, for which she was double-nominated by the Taurus World Stunt Awards for Best High Work and Best Overall Stunt By A Woman.
As an Actor, she has appeared both on television and in feature films embodying roles, which require special skills.

text:
# Petra Sprecher

**Petra Sprecher** is a Swiss circus artist, stuntwoman and actress residing in Los Angeles. She is best known for being the original cast and the creator of the Cloudswing act in Cirque du Soleil's Quidam.

In the stunt realm she is an established double for African American actresses. Some of her most notable stunt work includes doubling for Mariah Carey in *The House*, Vivica A. Fox in *Independence Day: Resurgence* and Rosario Dawson in *Eagle Eye*, for which she was double-nominated by the Taurus World Stunt Awards for Best High Work and Best Overall Stunt By A Woman. As an Actor, she has appeared both on television and in feature films embodying roles, which require special skills.

## Early life

Sprecher was born in Basel, Switzerland, to Priska, a Swiss-German schoolteacher, and Peter Osimadu, a Nigerian journalist. She has a step father named Franz Sprecher, a Swiss banker and she has two younger half brothers named Felix, an igloo builder and Benno, an engineer, who are still living in Basel. She grew up in Aesch, Baselland, Switzerland.

At the age of 6, she started performing in the circus for a period of ten years and at the age of seventeen, she began studying physical theater in Zürich. In the German language, said profession is called Bewegungs-Schauspielerin.

## Circus

At nineteen years old, Sprecher was one of seven people selected worldwide to be accepted into the prestigious École nationale de cirque of Montréal. She represented the school and its motherland Canada at the Wuqiao International Circus Festival (中国吴桥国际杂技艺术节) in Shijiazhuang, China with her Cloud swing act and won the Bronze Lion, which led to a guest-artist contract for the creation phase and the 3-year North-American tour of Cirque du Soleil’s Quidam.

## Television and film career

Due to Sprecher's background in the Circus arts \- and especially due to her experience as a trapeze artist with Cirque du Soleil \- she moved into the Hollywood stunt business and began her television and film career in the year 2001, when stunt coordinator and Second Unit Director Brian Smrz brought her in to perform comparable stunts— namely high Wire-flying, on Minority Report, starring Tom Cruise. This debut led to many more stunt assignments with some of the top stunt coordinators in the industry, allowing her to incorporate and accumulate a wide array of skill-sets. One of her most dangerous stunt performed to-date, is when she had to let herself get hit by a car on AMC's Feed the Beast, which aired August 2016.

## Filmography

| **Year** | **Film** | **Actress** | **Stunts** | **Role** | **Notes** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2002 | *Minority Report* | Yes | Yes | Pre-cog, Stunt-double | Main actor: Tom Cruise |
| 2002 | *The Time Machine* | Yes | No | Eloi | Main actor: Guy Pearce |
|
| 2002 | *Men In Black II* | Yes | No | Subway Character | Main actor: Will Smith |
|
|
| 2002 | *The Shield* | Yes | No | Twanya | Main actor: Michael Chiklis |
|
| 2002 | *Scrubs* | Yes | No | Nurse | Main actor: Zach Braff |
|
| 2003 | *Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl* | Yes | Yes | Fighting Villager Woman, Stunt-double | Main actor: Johnny Depp |
| 2003 | *She Spies* | Yes | No | Secretary | Main actress: Natasha Henstridge |
| 2003 | *Alias* | No | Yes | Stunt-double | Main actress: Jennifer Garner |
| 2003 | *Birds Of Prey* | Yes | No | Runway Model With Machine Gun | Main actress: Ashley Scott |
| 2004 | *Charmed* | Yes | No | Harpy | Main actress: Alyssa Milano |
| 2004 | *Taxi* | No | Yes | Stunts | Main actress: Queen Latifah |
| 2005 | *Aeon Flux* | No | Yes | Stunt-double | Main actress: Charlize Theron |
| 2006 | *The Shield* | No | Yes | Stunt-double | Main actor: Michael Chiklis |
| 2006 | *Drake & Josh* | No | Yes | Stunt-double | Main actor: Drake Bell |
| 2007 | *Jekyll* | Yes | No | Christy-Monster | Main actor: Matt Keeslar |
| 2008 | *Hancock* | No | Yes | Stunt-double | Main actor: Will Smith |
| 2008 | *Eagle Eye* | No | Yes | Stunt-double | Main actor: Shia LaBeouf |
| 2009 | *Cold Case* | No | Yes | Stunt-double | Main actress: Kathryn Morris |
| 2010 | *The Forgotten* | No | Yes | Stunts | Main actor: Christian Slater |
| 2011 | *Colombiana* | No | Yes | Stunt-double | Main actress: Zoe Saldana |
| 2012 | *Flight* | No | Yes | Stunt-double | Main actor: Denzel Washington |
| 2013 | *The Haves And The Have Nots* | No | Yes | Stunt-double | Main actress: Tika Sumpter |
| 2014 | *Mercenaries* | No | Yes | Stunt-double | Main actress: Zoë Bell |
| 2015 | *Criminal Minds* | No | Yes | Stunt-double | Main actor: Joe Mantegna |
| 2016 | *Independence Day: Resurgence* | No | Yes | Stunt-double | Main actor: Liam Hemsworth |
| 2016 | *The Muppets* | Yes | No | Aerial Instructor | Main actor: Eric Jacobson |
| 2016 | *Feed the Beast* | No | Yes | Stunt-double | Main actor: David Schwimmer |
| 2016 | *Fifty Shades of Black* | No | Yes | Stunt-double | Main actor: Marlon Wayans |
| 2017 | *Scandal* | No | Yes | Stunt-double | Main actress: Kerry Washington |
| 2017 | *The House* | No | Yes | Stunt-double | Main actor: Will Ferrell |
|

## Award nominations

## InfoBox

| Petra Sprecher | |
| --- | --- |
| Sprecher at Action Icon Awards 2015 | |
| Born | Basel, Switzerland |
| Occupation(s) | Stuntwoman, actress |
| Years active | 2000–present |


title: Odontocheilopteryx

abstract: Odontocheilopteryx is a genus of moths in the family Lasiocampidae. The genus was first described by Wallengrenin 1860.

text:
# Odontocheilopteryx

***Odontocheilopteryx*** is a genus of moths in the family Lasiocampidae. The genus was first described by Wallengrenin 1860.

## Species

Based on Afromoths:

## InfoBox

| *Odontocheilopteryx* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Odontocheilopteryx maculata* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Lasiocampidae |
| Subfamily: | Lasiocampinae |
| Genus: | ***Odontocheilopteryx***<br>Wallengren, 1860 |
|


title: N-Nitrosoglyphosate

abstract: N-Nitrosoglyphosate is the nitrosamine degradation product and synthetic impurity of glyphosate herbicide. The US EPA limits N-nitrosoglyphosate impurity to a maximum of 1 ppm in glyphosate formulated products. N-Nitrosoglyphosate can also form from the reaction of nitrates and glyphosate. Formation of N-nitrosoglyphosate has been observed in soils treated with sodium nitrite and glyphosate at elevated levels, though formation in soil is not expected at under typical field conditions.

text:
# N-Nitrosoglyphosate

***N*-Nitrosoglyphosate** is the nitrosamine degradation product and synthetic impurity of glyphosate herbicide.

The US EPA limits *N*-nitrosoglyphosate impurity to a maximum of 1 ppm in glyphosate formulated products. *N*-Nitrosoglyphosate can also form from the reaction of nitrates and glyphosate. Formation of *N*-nitrosoglyphosate has been observed in soils treated with sodium nitrite and glyphosate at elevated levels, though formation in soil is not expected at under typical field conditions.

## InfoBox

N-Nitrosoglyphosate
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| IUPAC name *N*-Nitroso-*N*-(phosphonomethyl)glycine | |
| Systematic IUPAC name \[Nitroso(phosphonomethyl)amino\]acetic acid | |
| Other names Nitrosoglyphosate, 56516-72-4, *N*-Nitrosoglyphosphate, 2-\[nitroso(phosphonomethyl)amino\]acetic acid, NNG | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChEMBL |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C3H7N2O6P/c6-3(7)1-5(4-8)2-12(9,10)11/h1-2H2,(H,6,7)(H2,9,10,11) YKey: BJYYBQPCMQGLLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y | |
| SMILES * C(C(=O)O)N(CP(=O)(O)O)N=O | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C3H7N2O6P |
| Molar mass | 198.071 g·mol−1 |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


title: Pete Fowler

abstract: Pete Fowler is a Welsh artist best known for his artwork for the Welsh band Super Furry Animals and his Monsterism toys and goods. He is a freelance illustrator and "monster maker" inspired by animals, music, folklore, myths, psychedelia and super nature. He has also worked on a number of other projects in the UK and Japan, such as television advertisements, as well as having art exhibitions in the UK and abroad.

text:
# Pete Fowler

**Pete Fowler** (born 1969 in Cardiff) is a Welsh artist best known for his artwork for the Welsh band Super Furry Animals and his Monsterism toys and goods. He is a freelance illustrator and "monster maker" inspired by animals, music, folklore, myths, psychedelia and super nature. He has also worked on a number of other projects in the UK and Japan, such as television advertisements (Kia Picanto), as well as having art exhibitions in the UK and abroad.

## Early life

Growing up in Cardiff before studying fine art at Falmouth University, Fowler was surrounded by music, but the sleeve imagery that made the greatest impact was that which adorned records by anarcho-punk band Crass. \[6\] Having graduated in 1991, Fowler moved to London, where he tried to make ends meet by producing artwork for T-shirts and nightclub backdrops, while also putting on small exhibitions of his work in bars. Word spread quickly and it wasn’t long before Fowler received a phone call from Creation Records and an invitation to show his portfolio to the Super Furry Animals. \[6\]

## Monsterism

The majority of Fowler's art is made in a postmodern cartoon style and often revolves around a central narrative and features a recurring set of characters. The "monsters" Fowler creates all reside on "Monsterism Island". Fowler invents extensive back-stories for his characters; each has its own specific traits and levels of "monsterism". Fowler is most known for his designer toys of his characters, which he himself manufactures with his own company.

A CD called *The Sounds of Monsterism Island* was released in 2005 by Heavenly Records. According to the press release, "The record is a compilation album that works as a soundtrack to the world of Monsterism. The album features psychedelic music from the '60s through to today, much of it unearthed and put on CD for the first time." In 2006, Fowler created a set of comics about Monsterism Island which have been featured in *Vice Magazine*. The second soundtrack to Monsterism Island, *A Psychedelic Guide to Monsterism Island*, was released in 2009 and features mostly new compositions by a host of contemporary musicians.

## Notable events

Fowler is one half of the deckshoegaze/cosmic disco outfit Seahawks who have released extensively on vinyl, CD and download since 2010 and have remixed a variety of bands as well as regularly DJing, with Fowler commonly playing the genres of 70's smooth rock, discoid and balearic debris.

## Collaborations

Fowler has worked with a myriad of different clients including Disney, Levi's, Lynx, AVG, Kia Motors, Paul Smith, Sony, EMI, Warner Brothers, Poweo, Hewlett Packard, Boxfresh, Vice Magazine, GQ, Volvic, Etnies, MTV, Konami, BMG, Island Records, Rough Trade, Aardman Animation, Unilever, Greenpeace, Redbull, Warp Films, Haiti Benefit, The co-operative, Future Publishing, Big Chill, Camp Bestival & Bestival, All Tomorrows Parties, Green Man, The Horrors, Clinic and Super Fury Animals \[7\]

## Collaboration with Super Fury Animals

Gruff Rhys member of the band was introduced to some of Fowlers murals just after a tour in Japan and after being immersed in Japanese imagery seeing Fowlers work was a ‘Eureka moment’ \[8\]. Fowler and Super Furry Animals met as both Pete and Gruff Rhys were huge fans of each other and believed a collaboration would work due to an alignment of abstract art in terms of the designs of Fowlers work and the music the band created. Fowler worked on a myriad of pieces for the band including albums covers, single covers and figurines.

## Radiator album

Fowlers most notable work is his work for Super Furry animals. His artwork for the front cover of one of the bands most famous albums ‘Radiator’. The album released on August 25, 1997 \[9\] is one of the bands most sold albums with over 100,000 sales as of September, 2017 \[10\]. The artwork Fowler was inspired by the sinister undertones of Japanese Art an art style synonyms with much of Fowlers work. The sleeve originally had a bear-man facing an apparition in an opposing window but eventually became two bears, an evil one becoming a reflection of the good one. \[11\] Since the birth of the Album the artwork for it has been sold on T-shirts and been made into posters.

## Kia Motors Advert

Fowler worked with South Korean car company Kia in their advert promoting the new small model Kia Picanto in 2005. \[12\] The advert had a £15,000,000 budget and was directed by Pete Candeland who previously worked with animations for Gorriliaz. \[12\] Behind the advert was Fowler who designed the kia family of characters. \[13\] It was created in “claymation” - plasticine models brought to life by stop motion animation. The process took 3 months for only 30 seconds of footage and was hugely unique for a car company to advertise in this manner in a ‘less serious way’.

6. https://longlivevinyl.net/2019/07/29/pete-fowler-interview-the-inspiration-behind-the-illustrator/

7. https://www.ba-reps.com/illustrators/pete-fowler

8. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/how-we-met-pete-fowler-gruff-rhys-1666063.html

9. https://www.walesonline.co.uk/whats-on/music-nightlife-news/definitive-ranking-super-furry-animals-8737214

10. https://bestsellingalbums.org/album/44791

11. https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/features/reference-points/pete-fowler-on-the-art-of-radiator

12. https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/kia-turns-animation-standout-15m-ad-push/214960

13. https://www.carpages.co.uk/kia/kia-rio-29-12-05.asp

## InfoBox

| Pete Fowler | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Pete Fowler
1969
Cardiff, Wales |
| Known for | illustration, drawing, painting, animation, printmaking, sculpture |
| Notable work | Artwork for the Welsh band Super Furry Animals, Monsterism toys and goods |


title: Max Véronneau

abstract: Maximilian Cross Véronneau is a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who is currently playing with Leksands IF of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL). Véronneau played junior ice hockey in his hometown of Ottawa, then joined the Princeton University Tigers. After completing his senior season at Princeton, he signed as a free agent with the Ottawa Senators of the NHL.

text:
# Max Véronneau

**Maximilian Cross Véronneau** is a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who is currently playing with Leksands IF of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL). Véronneau played junior ice hockey in his hometown of Ottawa, then joined the Princeton University Tigers. After completing his senior season at Princeton, he signed as a free agent with the Ottawa Senators of the NHL.

## Playing career

After playing junior 'A' ice hockey in Ottawa, Ontario, with the Gloucester Rangers, Véronneau entered Princeton University in 2015. In his junior year 2017–18, Véronneau placed second in NCAA Division 1 scoring 17 goals and 38 assists for 55 points in 36 games. In 2017, Véronneau attended the Vegas Golden Knights' development camp. After four seasons with the Princeton Tigers, Véronneau was regarded as one of the top NCAA free agents. He signed as a free agent with his hometown Senators in March 2019, signing a two-year entry-level contract. He made his NHL debut on March 14, 2019, against the St. Louis Blues. Véronneau was named the third star of the game. He finished his first season with the Senators playing in 12 games and scoring two goals and four points.

At the beginning of the 2019–20 season, Véronneau was assigned to Ottawa's American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Belleville Senators. He struggled in the AHL but was recalled on November 18, 2019. Véronneau was sent back to Belleville on November 28 after playing in four games with Ottawa. He was traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs on February 19, 2020, in exchange for Aaron Luchuk and a conditional 6th round draft pick (depending on how many games Véronneau played for the Maple Leafs). He played in just three regular season games with AHL affiliate, the Toronto Marlies, before the season was abandoned due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

As a free agent from the Maple Leafs, and with the 2020–21 North American season delayed due to the pandemic, Véronneau opted to sign his first contract abroad in agreeing to a contract for the remainder of the season with Swedish club, IK Oskarshamn of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL), on December 21, 2020. In the top Swedish tier, Véronneau regained his offensive confidence, potting 12 goals through 25 regular season games with IK Oskarshamn.

On April 21, 2021, Véronneau opted to transfer to fellow SHL club, Leksands IF, agreeing to a two-year contract. In the following 2021–22 season, he established himself as one of the top offensive players in the SHL, and was signed to a further one-year extension with Leksands through 2024 during the season on November 20, 2021. He completed the season, leading the league with 34 goals through 51 games and was named the SHL's most valuable player.

On April 14, 2022, Véronneau used his NHL out clause to sign a one-year, two-way contract with the San Jose Sharks. Véronneau was assigned to begin the 2022–23 season with AHL affiliate, the San Jose Barracuda. He was never recalled by the Sharks with his season largely affected by injury and limiting Véronneau to just 1 goal and 9 points through 31 regular season games.

As a pending free agent, Véronneau opted to return to Sweden and resume his contract with Leksands IF of the SHL on May 18, 2023.

## Personal

Véronneau's parents are Marc Véronneau and Pamela Cross. Véronneau's sister Sophie plays ice hockey for Yale University. Véronneau is a graduate of École secondaire catholique Franco-Cité in Ottawa, where he also played football and lacrosse.

## Career statistics

|  | | |  | Regular season | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP |  |  | Pts | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 2012–13 | Ottawa Canadians | EOJHL | | 58 | 37 | 49 | 86 | 8 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2012–13 | Gloucester Rangers | CCHL | | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2013–14 | Gloucester Rangers | CCHL | | 61 | 41 | 39 | 80 | 10 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2014–15 | Gloucester Rangers | CCHL | | 27 | 14 | 22 | 36 | 6 | | 6 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 0 |
| 2015–16 | Princeton University | ECAC | | 30 | 11 | 6 | 17 | 2 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2016–17 | Princeton University | ECAC | | 33 | 11 | 24 | 35 | 4 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2017–18 | Princeton University | ECAC | | 36 | 17 | 38 | 55 | 12 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2018–19 | Princeton University | ECAC | | 31 | 13 | 24 | 37 | 2 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2018–19 | Ottawa Senators | NHL | | 12 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2019–20 | Belleville Senators | AHL | | 33 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 2 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2019–20 | Ottawa Senators | NHL | | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2019–20 | Toronto Marlies | AHL | | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2020–21 | IK Oskarshamn | SHL | | 25 | 12 | 6 | 18 | 8 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2021–22 | Leksands IF | SHL | | 51 | 34 | 26 | 60 | 14 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2022–23 | San Jose Barracuda | AHL | | 31 | 1 | 8 | 9 | 4 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| NHL totals | | | | 16 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| SHL totals | | | | 76 | 46 | 32 | 78 | 22 | |  |  |  |  |  |

## Awards and honours

| Award | Year |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **College** | | |
| **All-ECAC** **Second All-Star** **team** | 2017 |  |
| **All-ECAC** **First All-Star team** | 2018 |  |
| **AHCA** **East** **All-American** **team** | 2018 |  |
| **SHL** | | |
| **Guldhjälmen** (MVP) | 2022 |  |
| **Håkan** **Loob** **Trophy** (Most Goals) | 2022 |  |

## InfoBox

| Max Véronneau | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born | (1995-12-12) December 12, 1995
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada | | |
| Height | 6 ft 1 in (185 cm) | | |
| Weight | 190 lb (86 kg; 13 st 8 lb) | | |
| Position | Right Wing | | |
| Shoots | Right | | |
| SHL team
Former teams | *Leksands IF*
Ottawa Senators
IK Oskarshamn | | |
| NHL draft | Undrafted | | |
| Playing career | 2019present | | |


title: Pilar Roldán

abstract: María del Pilar Roldán Tapia is a Mexican former foil fencer and the first Mexican woman to win an olympic medal in the history of Olympic fencing. During the 1968 Mexican Olympic Games she was a silver medalist; she was a champion in singles. She competed for Mexico at the 1968 Summer Olympics held in Mexico City, Mexico, where she won the silver medal in the women's foil event.

text:
# Pilar Roldán

**María del Pilar Roldán Tapia** (born 18 November 1939 in Mexico City) is a Mexican former foil fencer and the first Mexican woman to win an olympic medal in the history of Olympic fencing. During the 1968 Mexican Olympic Games she was a silver medalist; she was a champion in singles. She competed for Mexico at the 1968 Summer Olympics held in Mexico City, Mexico, where she won the silver medal in the women's foil event.

## Family

Her parents were Ángel Roldán ("El Güero"), one of the best tennis players in the national field, selected for the Davis Cup (1934), and María Tapia ("La Chata"), a triple medalist in the Central American and Caribbean Games in El Salvador (1935).

## Early life

Pilar Roldán was born in Mexico City, Mexico. At a young age Pilar began playing tennis, but her passion for fencing was born, thanks to the work of Alejandro Dumas "the three musketeers". At first, she only played with a cape to pretend to be a musketeer, but for her third birthday (1952), Pilar asked her parents for fencing lessons. At the end of that year, the world renowned Italian Professor Eduardo Alajmo decided to move to Mexico, and Pilar was one of his first graduates. Recognizing the passion of his daughter, he decided to install a small fencing court in their house and buy her high quality protective masks, gloves, and a vest. And so that without realizing, the so-called "white sport" ceased to be the main focus of this tennis family.

At 15 years of old, Pilar was the undefeated national champion in foil fencing. On March 12, 1955, in Mexico, father and daughter (Ángel Roldán and Pilar Roldán) participated in fencing en the second Pan-American Games. This was an unprecedented feat, and since that day, no one father and daughter pair has ever competed for their country at the Pan-American Games. Neither won a medal, but Pilar had some victories in singles. She was defeated by the Venezuelan, Igrid Sanders, finishing in fourth place after defeating Maxime Mitchel.

## InfoBox

Pilar Roldán
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | María del Pilar Roldán Tapia |
| Born | (1939-11-18) 18 November 1939<br>Mexico City, Mexico |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Fencing |
| Medal record      Women's fencing  Representing  Mexico  Olympic Games  1968 Mexico City  Women's Foil | |


title: Iain Fraser (ice hockey)

abstract: Iain James Fraser is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre. He was selected by the New York Islanders in the ninth round, 233rd overall, in the 1989 NHL Entry Draft.

text:
# Iain Fraser (ice hockey)

Iain Fraser
| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Men's ice hockey | | |
| Representing  Canada | | |
| World Championships | | |
|  | 1995 Sweden | Ice hockey |

**Iain James Fraser** (born August 10, 1969) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre. He was selected by the New York Islanders in the ninth round, 233rd overall, in the 1989 NHL Entry Draft.

## Biography

Fraser was born in Scarborough, Ontario. As a youth, he played in the 1982 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey team from Oshawa.

Drafted from the Ontario Hockey League's Oshawa Generals, Fraser played three seasons in the American Hockey League with the Capital District Islanders before being called up to the National Hockey League to play for New York. Fraser only played seven games with the Islanders during the 1992–93 season and became a member of the Quebec Nordiques in 1993–94. He only played one season with the Nordiques; he recorded 17 goals and 20 assists, both career highs. In his NHL career, Fraser played in 94 games. He scored 23 goals and added 23 assists. He also appeared in four games with Winnipeg in the 1996 playoffs, going scoreless.

Fraser made brief appearances with the Dallas Stars (four games), the Edmonton Oilers (nine), the Winnipeg Jets (twelve), and the San Jose Sharks (two) to round out his NHL experience.

Fraser played four seasons in Germany's Deutsche Eishockey Liga before moving to the Fresno Falcons and also played three games in England for the Sheffield Steelers. He then spent three seasons in Italy, one in Serie A with HC Alleghe and two in Serie A2 with HC Merano. Fraser returned to England in 2006 with the Newcastle Vipers in the Elite Ice Hockey League. He picked up an assist in his debut game against the Cardiff Devils. After six games he left the team and retired.

## Career statistics

|  | | |  | Regular season | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP |  |  | Pts | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1986–87 | Oshawa Legionaires | MJBHL | | 31 | 18 | 22 | 40 | 119 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1986–87 | Oshawa Generals | OHL | | 5 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1987–88 | Oshawa Generals | OHL | | 16 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 22 | | 6 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 2 |
| 1988–89 | Oshawa Generals | OHL | | 62 | 33 | 57 | 90 | 87 | | 6 | 2 | 8 | 10 | 12 |
| 1989–90 | Oshawa Generals | OHL | | 56 | 40 | 65 | 105 | 75 | | 17 | 10 | 22 | 32 | 8 |
| 1990–91 | Capital District Islanders | AHL | | 32 | 5 | 13 | 18 | 16 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1990–91 | Richmond Renegades | ECHL | | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1991–92 | Capital District Islanders | AHL | | 45 | 9 | 11 | 20 | 24 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1992–93 | New York Islanders | NHL | | 7 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1992–93 | Capital District Islanders | AHL | | 74 | 41 | 69 | 110 | 16 | | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 1993–94 | Quebec Nordiques | NHL | | 60 | 17 | 20 | 37 | 23 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1994–95 | Dallas Stars | NHL | | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1994–95 | Denver Grizzlies | IHL | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1994–95 | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | | 9 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1995–96 | Winnipeg Jets | NHL | | 12 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1995–96 | Springfield Falcons | AHL | | 53 | 24 | 47 | 71 | 27 | | 6 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 2 |
| 1996–97 | San Jose Sharks | NHL | | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1996–97 | Kentucky Thoroughblades | AHL | | 57 | 27 | 33 | 60 | 24 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1997–98 | Kansas City Blades | IHL | | 77 | 16 | 44 | 60 | 45 | | 11 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 6 |
| 1998–99 | SCH Säntis | NLB | | 24 | 18 | 9 | 27 | 20 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1998–99 | SERC Wild Wings | DEL | | 15 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 2 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1999–00 | SERC Wild Wings | DEL | | 56 | 13 | 27 | 40 | 24 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2000–01 | Berlin Capitals | DEL | | 59 | 19 | 25 | 44 | 24 | | 3 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 35 |
| 2001–02 | Frankfurt Lions | DEL | | 41 | 5 | 19 | 24 | 45 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2002–03 | Fresno Falcons | WCHL | | 15 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 4 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2002–03 | Sheffield Steelers | BISL | | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 2003–04 | HC Alleghe | Italy | | 36 | 10 | 47 | 57 | 20 | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2004–05 | HC Merano | Italy2 | | 35 | 19 | 46 | 65 | 37 | | 12 | 4 | 17 | 21 | 4 |
| 2005–06 | HC Merano | Italy2 | | 34 | 14 | 26 | 40 | 24 | | 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 |
| 2006–07 | Newcastle Vipers | EIHL | | 6 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 2 | | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
|| |
| NHL totals | | | | 94 | 23 | 23 | 46 | 31 | | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

## InfoBox

| Iain Fraser | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born | (1969-08-10) August 10, 1969
Scarborough, Ontario, Canada | | |
| Height | 5 ft 10 in (178 cm) | | |
| Weight | 184 lb (83 kg; 13 st 2 lb) | | |
| Position | Centre | | |
| Shot | Left | | |
| Played for | New York Islanders
Quebec Nordiques
Dallas Stars
Edmonton Oilers
Winnipeg Jets
San Jose Sharks | | |
| National team | Canada | | |
| NHL draft | 233rd overall, 1989
New York Islanders | | |
| Playing career | 19902007 | | |


title: Peter Wetzlar

abstract: Peter Wetzlar is a Zimbabwean swimmer. He attended Westville Boys' High School in Durban, South Africa and the University of Kentucky. He competed in the men's 100 metre freestyle event at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships. In 2019, he represented Zimbabwe at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships held in Gwangju, South Korea, and he finished in 44th place in the heats in the men's 50 metre freestyle event. In the men's 100 metre freestyle he finished in 56th place in the heats. He competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Peter Wetzlar

**Peter Wetzlar** (born 27 February 1997) is a Zimbabwean swimmer. He attended Westville Boys' High School in Durban, South Africa and the University of Kentucky. He competed in the men's 100 metre freestyle event at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships.

In 2019, he represented Zimbabwe at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships held in Gwangju, South Korea, and he finished in 44th place in the heats in the men's 50 metre freestyle event. In the men's 100 metre freestyle he finished in 56th place in the heats.

He competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

Peter Wetzlar
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1997-02-27) 27 February 1997 |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Swimming |
|  | |
| College team | University of Kentucky |
|  | |


title: Odontocorynus

abstract: Odontocorynus is a genus of flower weevils in the family of beetles known as Curculionidae. There are 16 described species in Odontocorynus. Now taxonomists place it in the tribe Madarini.

text:
# Odontocorynus

***Odontocorynus*** is a genus of flower weevils in the family of beetles known as Curculionidae. There are 16 described species in *Odontocorynus*. Now taxonomists place it in the tribe Madarini.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Odontocorynus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Curculionidae |
| Subfamily: | Baridinae |
| Tribe: | Apostasimerini |
| Genus: | *Odontocorynus*<br>Schönherr, 1844 |
|


title: N,N-Dimethylethanolamine bitartrate

abstract: N,N-Dimethylethanolamine bitartrate or deanol bitartrate is an organic compound with the chemical formula [HN(CH3)2CH2CH2OH]+HOOC−CH(OH)−CH(OH)−COO−. It is a white powder. Modern texts refer to the N,N-dimethylethanolamine salt of the natural form of tartaric acid, that is, the salt called N,N-dimethylethanolamine dextrobitartrate, N,N-dimethylethanolamine (2R,3R)-bitartrate or N,N-dimethylethanolamine L-(+)-bitartrate.

text:
# N,N-Dimethylethanolamine bitartrate

***N*,*N*-Dimethylethanolamine bitartrate** or **deanol bitartrate** is an organic compound with the chemical formula \[HN(CH3)2CH2CH2OH\]+HOOC−CH(OH)−CH(OH)−COO. It is a white powder. Modern texts refer to the *N*,*N*-dimethylethanolamine salt of the natural form of tartaric acid, that is, the salt called *N*,*N*-dimethylethanolamine dextrobitartrate, *N*,*N*-dimethylethanolamine (2*R*,3*R*)-bitartrate or *N*,*N*-dimethylethanolamine L-(+)-bitartrate.

## Chemistry

*N*,*N*-Dimethylethanolamine bitartrate is a *N*,*N*-dimethylethanolamine salt of tartaric acid. *N*,*N*-Dimethylethanolamine bitartrate contains tertiary ammonium cations (dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium \[HN(CH3)2CH2CH2OH\]+) and bitartrate anions (HOOC−CH(OH)−CH(OH)−COO). Tertiary ammonium cation is a cation in which three hydrogen atoms of ammonium are replaced with organyl groups. In this compound, the three substituents of ammonium are two methyl groups (−CH3) and one 2-hydroxyethyl group (−CH2CH2OH). The bitartrate anion is chiral (there are left, right and meso forms of bitartrate, see tartaric acid).

## Uses

*N*,*N*-Dimethylethanolamine bitartrate is used in biological studies to evaluate motor activity in response to the injection of *N*,*N*-dimethylethanolamine.

## InfoBox

*N*,*N*-Dimethylethanolamine (2*R*,3*R*)-bitartrate
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| IUPAC name *N*,*N*-Dimethylethanolamine (2*R*,3*R*)-bitartrate | |
| Systematic IUPAC name Dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium hydrogen 1,4-butanedioate | |
| Other names * 2-(Dimethylamino)ethanol hydrogen L-(+)-Tartrate * 2-(Dimethylamino)ethanol L-(+)-bitartrate * 2-(Dimethylamino)ethanol (2*R*,3*R*)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinate * Atrol * Deanol bitartrate * DMAE bitartrate * Ethanol, 2-(dimethylamino)-, (2*R*,3*R*)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate (1:1) * Liparon * *N*,*N*-dimethylethanolamine L-(+)-bitartrate * *N*,*N*-Dimethylethanolamine (2*R*,3*R*)-bitartrate | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.025.281 |
| EC Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C4H11NO.C4H6O6/c1-5(2)3-4-6;5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10/h6H,3-4H2,1-2H3;1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/t;1-,2-/m.1/s1Key: UIEGYKVRCKDVKQ-LREBCSMRSA-N | |
| SMILES * Isomeric: CN(C)CCO.C(C(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O * Non-isomeric: CN(C)CCO.\[C@@H\](\[C@H\](C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C8H17NO7 |
| Molar mass | 239.224 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | White powder or white crystals |
| Melting point | 111–113 °C (232–235 °F; 384–386 K) |
| Solubility in water | Slightly |
| Solubility | Methanol (slightly, heated) |
| Structure | |
| Coordination geometry | Tetrahedral at the nitrogen atom |
| Hazards | |
| **Occupational safety and health** (OHS/OSH): | |
| Main hazards | Serious eye damage |
| **GHS** labelling: | |
| Pictograms |  |
| Signal word | **Warning** |
| Hazard statements | H315, H319, H335 |
| Precautionary statements | P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P319, P321, P332, P337, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, P501 |
| **Lethal dose** or concentration (LD, LC): | |
| LD50 (median dose) | * 2600 mg/kg (rat, oral) * 3100 mg/kg (mouse, oral) * 3000 mg/kg (mouse, intraperitoneal) |
| Related compounds | |
| Other cations |  |
| Related compounds |  |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


title: Perittia sepulchrella

abstract: Perittia sepulchrella is a moth in the family Elachistidae. It was described by Stainton in 1872. It is found in Morocco.

text:
# Perittia sepulchrella

***Perittia sepulchrella*** is a moth in the family Elachistidae. It was described by Stainton in 1872. It is found in Morocco.

## InfoBox

| *Perittia sepulchrella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Elachistidae |
| Genus: | *Perittia* |
| Species: | ***P. sepulchrella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Perittia sepulchrella***<br>(Stainton, 1872) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Elachista sepulchrella* Stainton, 1872 | |


title: Yardang

abstract: A yardang is a streamlined protuberance carved from bedrock or any consolidated or semiconsolidated material by the dual action of wind abrasion by dust and sand and deflation. Yardangs become elongated features typically three or more times longer than wide, and when viewed from above, resemble the hull of a boat. Facing the wind is a steep, blunt face that gradually gets lower and narrower toward the lee end. Yardangs are formed by wind erosion, typically of an originally flat surface formed from areas of harder and softer material. The soft material is eroded and removed by the wind, and the harder material remains. The resulting pattern of yardangs is therefore a combination of the original rock distribution, and the fluid mechanics of the air flow and resulting pattern of erosion.

text:
# Yardang

A **yardang** is a streamlined protuberance carved from bedrock or any consolidated or semiconsolidated material by the dual action of wind abrasion by dust and sand and deflation (the removal of loose material by wind turbulence). Yardangs become elongated features typically three or more times longer than wide, and when viewed from above, resemble the hull of a boat. Facing the wind is a steep, blunt face that gradually gets lower and narrower toward the lee end. Yardangs are formed by wind erosion, typically of an originally flat surface formed from areas of harder and softer material. The soft material is eroded and removed by the wind, and the harder material remains. The resulting pattern of yardangs is therefore a combination of the original rock distribution, and the fluid mechanics of the air flow and resulting pattern of erosion.

## Names

The word itself is of Turkic origin, meaning ‘steep bank’, as this type of spectacular landscapes rising 25–50 feet (8–15 m) are best developed in the interior deserts of this region. And the word was first introduced to the English-speaking world by the Swedish explorer Sven Hedin in 1903. In China, they are sometimes known as **yadan** from the Chinese adaptation of the Uyghur form of the same name.

Other names for them are "mud-lions", "mushroom rocks", "sphinx-like hills", "koukour" in Tunisia, and "kalut" (Persian for "ridge") in Iran. The massive features of mega-yardangs are called "ridges and corridors" (**crêtes et couloirs**) in French.

## Description

A yardang is formed in cohesive material. Hedin first found the wind-sculptured "clay terraces" or yardangs in the dried up riverbed of the Kurruk-daria in Central Asia. However, yardangs can be found in most deserts across the globe. Depending upon the winds and the composition of the weakly indurated deposits of silt and sand from which they are carved, yardangs may form very unusual shapes — some resemble various objects, people or even lying lions.

Yardangs come in a large range of sizes, and are divided into three different categories: mega-yardangs, meso-yardangs, and micro-yardangs. Mega-yardangs can be several kilometers long and hundreds of meters high and are found in arid regions with strong winds; meso-yardangs are generally a few meters high and 10 to 15 meters long and are commonly found carved in semiconsolidated playa sediments and other soft granular materials; and micro-yardangs are only a few centimeters high.

A large concentration of mega-yardangs occurs near the Tibesti Mountains in the central Sahara. There is a famous yardang at Hole in the Rock in Papago Park in Phoenix, Arizona, a rock formation with a roughly circular hole in it. Another yardang in Arizona is Window Rock, near the town of Window Rock. It is a 60-meter sandstone hill with a very large circular hole in the middle of it. Some geologists have suggested that the Great Sphinx of Egypt is an augmented yardang.

Pictures from Mars show that the yardang ridges occur on a massive scale there; some individual ridges are tens of kilometers long with intervening valleys nearly 1 km wide. Yardangs on Mars are typically found in the Amazonis region but the best ones are found in the equatorial region. Yardangs on Mars demonstrate that much of the eolian erosion is recent since they are sculpted in young geologic units.

## Formation

Explaining the formation of yardangs is challenging. It occurs due to the coupled evolution of complex flow fields and three-dimensional (3D) topographies in the context of harder or less erodible material embedded in softer material. The carving of the geometrical features is generated by differential erosion caused by flow strength, flow funneling, and turbulent wakes.

Yardangs are formed in environments where water is scarce and the prevailing winds are strong, uni-directional, and carry an abrasive sediment load. The wind cuts down low-lying areas into parallel ridges which gradually erode into separate hills that take on the unique shape of a yardang. This process yields a field of yardangs of roughly the same size, commonly referred to as a fleet due to their resemblance to the bottoms of ships. Alternatively, one can be formed by the migration of a dune that leaves behind a cemented core. As the process of formation continues, typically a trough will form around the base of the yardang. Most yardang fields are in sand-poor areas, but the associated troughs, especially in grooved terrain, may be invaded by sand. Sometimes this sand will accumulate to build shallow moats around the bottom.

They are more commonly created from softer rock types like siltstone, sandstone, tuff or Ignimbrite, shale, and limestone, but have also been observed in crystalline rocks such as schist and gneiss.

* Aeolian processes – Processes due to wind activity
* Barchan – Crescent-shaped dune
* Blowout – Depressions in a sand dune ecosystem caused by the removal of sediments by wind
* Dune – Hill of loose sand built by aeolian processes or the flow of water
* Dunhuang Yardang National Geopark – Dunhuang UNESCO National Geopark., China
* Hoodoo (geology) – Tall, thin spire of relatively soft rock usually topped by harder rock
* Lop Desert – Desert in China
* Mushroom rock – Naturally occurring rock whose shape resembles a mushroom
* Saltation – Particle transport by fluids
* Sandhill – Type of ecological community or xeric wildfire-maintained ecosystem
* Ventifact – Rock that has been eroded by wind-driven sand or ice crystals


title: Marilyn Marshall (footballer)

abstract: Marilyn Marshall is a former association football player and softball player who represented New Zealand at international level. Marshall made her Football Ferns debut in their first ever international as they beat Hong Kong 2–0 on 25 August 1975 at the inaugural AFC Women's Asian Cup, her sister Debbie Leonidas making her New Zealand debut in the same match. She has the distinction of scoring New Zealand's first ever women's international goal and finished her international career with 18 caps and 9 goals to her credit.

text:
# Marilyn Marshall (footballer)

**Marilyn Marshall** is a former association football player and softball player who represented New Zealand at international level.

Marshall made her Football Ferns debut in their first ever international as they beat Hong Kong 2–0 on 25 August 1975 at the inaugural AFC Women's Asian Cup, her sister Debbie Leonidas making her New Zealand debut in the same match. She has the distinction of scoring New Zealand's first ever women's international goal and finished her international career with 18 caps and 9 goals to her credit.

## Honours

**New Zealand**

## InfoBox

Marilyn Marshall
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Marilyn Marshall | | |
| Place of birth | New Zealand | | |
| International career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1975–1981 | New Zealand | 18 | (9) |


title: Pilar Pérez

abstract: Pilar Pérez is a former professional tennis player from Spain.

text:
# Pilar Pérez

**Pilar Pérez** (born 22 September 1973) is a former professional tennis player from Spain.

## Biography

Pérez, who began competing on the ITF circuit in the 1989 season, was the Orange Bowl champion in 1990, becoming the first Spanish female to win the prestigious junior tournament.

As a 16-year old she featured in two Federation Cup ties for Spain, as the doubles partner of Conchita Martínez. Pérez and Martinez were beaten in both matches. This included the deciding rubber of the 1990 World Group semifinal against the USSR, as a replacement for Arantxa Sánchez Vicario, who was injured during her singles match.

She played only briefly on the WTA Tour, from 1990 to 1991.

At the 1991 Mediterranean Games, Pérez won a silver in the singles and a bronze in the doubles event.

## ITF Circuit finals

### Singles: 1 (runner-up)

| Result | Date | Tournament | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Loss | 5 November 1990 | ITF Lerida, Spain | Hard | Silvia Ramón-Cortés | 3–6, 4–6 |

## InfoBox

Pilar Pérez
| Country (sports) | Spain |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1973-09-22) 22 September 1973 |
| Prize money | $14,446 |
| Singles | |
| Career record | 40–25 |
| Career titles | 0 |
| Highest ranking | No. 191 (21 October 1991) |
| Doubles | |
| Career record | 2–6 |
| Career titles | 0 |
| Highest ranking | No. 562 (24 September 1990) |
| Mediterranean Games      1991 Athens Women's Singles  1991 Athens Women's Doubles | |


title: Peter Westerstrøm

abstract: Peter Westerstrøm (1779–1809) was a Swedish mass murderer who gained notoriety for the Saksebøl Slaughter in Moss, Norway during the Napoleonic wars.

text:
# Peter Westerstrøm

**Peter Westerstrøm** (1779–1809) was a Swedish mass murderer who gained notoriety for the Saksebøl Slaughter in Moss, Norway during the Napoleonic wars.

## Background

Peter Westerstrøm was born in Ljungby in Sweden around 1779. His father Jonas was the local sexton, but died when Peter was 8 years old. His mother died in 1804 and Peter was raised by his brother. He started his professional career as a man-servant; later on he started training as a tailor, but never became more than an apprentice. He later claimed to have tried to have started an enterprise refining cotton, but he had to borrow money and the enterprise failed. This story was never corroborated as there was a state of war between Denmark-Norway and Sweden at the time, and it was serious douth about his story.

By 1806, he had moved to Norway. By his own confession, the move was in order to avoid being thrown into the debtors' prison after his bankruptcy. An unconfirmed rumour stated that he had fled Sweden after having murdered and robbed his late employer, Lieutenant General Liljehorn. In Norway, he established himself as a tailor in the city of Moss, traveling around the local countryside to obtain work from the surrounding peasantry.

## The crime - The Saksebøl Slaughter

During the night of 31 December 18081 January 1809, he killed the four inhabitants at the station Saksebøl in Hobøl. The victims were the station manager Johannes Jensen and his three servants Lars Arvesen, Jens Svensen and Karen Olsdatter. The murder weapon was an axe he had brought with him for the explicit purpose of murder. The motive was greed; the station manager's strongbox was forced and the house robbed of valuables. Westerstrøm fled with 20 daler in cash, some clothes, some silver spoons, a pair of boots and a pipe. After the crime, he tried to reach Sweden but was hindered by foul weather.

## The investigation

The autopsy was undertaken by Dr Hans Munk. An investigative commission was established consisting of Christian Magnus Falsen (judge in Follo), sheriff Jacob Wulfsberg in Christiania (now Oslo), Lieutenant Colonel Hans Jacob von Scheel and the judge in Moss, Ove Hiorth. A reward of 1,000 daler was offered for information that would lead to arrest of the guilty. This reward led to Westerstrøm being turned in by friends.

On 6 February 1809, Peter Westerstrøm was arrested at Moss and brought before the commission. He confessed to the murders after some attempts at denial. The case was open and shut: He was found in possession of much of the stolen goods and could lead the authorities to where he had hidden the rest. As for the motive, Westerstrøm first claimed mental depression, stating that he wanted to commit suicide and this way he could get the state executioner to do the job. His second explanation stated that, as he was an unreformable criminal, he wanted to be remembered as the greatest crook in Norwegian history. His third confession stated that the murder was done out of revenge, as he believed the station manager had been instrumental in breaking up his engagement to a rich heiress.

## Trial and execution

On 24 July 1809, he was sentenced by the commission to be pinched five times with red-hot pincers by the executioner; after this his hand would be lopped off with an axe and finally he would be beheaded. The head, the hand and the body would then be publicly displayed on poles until they rotted. This was the punishment recommended for murders within the family (patricides, matricides, but also murders of employers).

On 16 August 1809, this sentence was moderated in the Supreme Court. He was sentenced for premeditated homicide only, and the punishment was reduced to simple beheading with axe; the torture was dropped. Only his head would go on the pole.

On 23 September 1809, King Frederik VI approved of the sentence of the Supreme Court. On 27 October 1809, Westerstrøm was executed in front of the prison in Moss. With him at the scaffold was his parson Niels Wulfsberg. The executioner was Anton Lædel, this being his fifth execution. After 24 hours, the head was taken down again and buried next to the corpse.


# Official film and television co-production in Australia

An international film or television co-production is a production made by production companies in different countries. This note focuses on ‘official’ Australian co-productions, that is, co-productions that meet the requirements for benefits under the Australian Official Co-Production Program. It looks at trends in production, the potential impact of recent changes to film funding, and what lies ahead for Australia's involvement in co-production.

## Official co-production in Australia

Official co-productions are made possible by formal agreements between countries. For filmmakers, the key attraction of a treaty co-production is that it qualifies as a national production in each of the partner nations. Thus, it can access benefits that are available to the local film and television industry in more than one country. Benefits may include government subsidies, tax concessions and inclusion in domestic television broadcast quotas.

The Australian government has signed official film co-production agreements with the United Kingdom, Canada, Italy, Ireland, Israel, Germany, China and, most recently, Singapore (as treaties); and France and New Zealand (as memoranda of understanding or MOUs. Official co-production agreements set the criteria that a production must meet in order to be considered an official co-production. Criteria may cover co-financing, creative participation and copyright ownership.

International co-productions also occur outside the framework of official co-productions, either with countries that do not have an agreement with Australia, or as projects that do not satisfy official co-production criteria. Examples of the former include the Australia/US co-productions *Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles* (2001) and *Farscape* (1999–2003).

Australian co-production agreements are administered by the Australian Film Commission (AFC) on behalf of the Australian Government. (In July 2008 the AFC will be merged with other film agencies to become Screen Australia; the new organisation will then have oversight over co-productions.) The overriding objective is to maintain an overall balance between the creative and financial contributions of each country over time. Accordingly, there is some discretion in granting co-production status to an individual co-production if there is an imbalance between financial and creative contributions.

The AFC's International Co-production Program Guidelines set out eligibility conditions for the granting of co-production status. These relate to the authorship of the underlying works and screenplays, co-producer participation, sources of finance, control over copyright; and the engagement of key creative participants. Co-productions are restricted to particular genres: feature films, drama series, miniseries, documentaries and telemovies. At the level of the individual production there must be a producer from each of the partner countries, a minimum level of Australian equity in the project (20 to 30 per cent) and matching participation by Australian creative components.

A points system is used to ensure a balance between the Australian budget contribution and the participation of key personnel (creative and crew). Points are attached to key creative positions including director, writer, editor and key cast. By amassing a minimum number of points, a production can qualify as ‘Australian’. In this context the participation of Australian financial and creative resources acts as a proxy for ‘Australian content’. Different points systems apply to the production of live action drama, documentary and animation, reflecting the importance of particular roles specific to each genre.

## Australia’s engagement in international co-productions

Australia was a relatively late entrant into the sphere of official co-production. Its first agreement was signed with France in 1986. France itself entered into a co-production agreement with Italy in 1949 while Canada, a leading co-production country, entered its first agreement in 1963 and now has agreements with 53 other countries.

As of April 2007, Australia had engaged in 96 official co-productions that were either completed or in production. Feature films and television drama are the production types most likely to be co-productions: they total 35 and 21 productions respectively, with total budgeted costs of A$385.15 million and A$294.71 million. Australia has partnered most frequently with Canada and the United Kingdom. Australia and Canada have produced 31 co-productions with budgets totalling A$347 million and Australia and the United Kingdom have co-produced 30 productions, with budgets of A$323.43 million.

Australia's official co-production record is modest by international standards. In 2005–2006 Australia engaged in 10 co-productions with total budgets of $60 million and an Australian spend of $35m. Canada, by comparison, had 58 co-productions in 2006 with total budgets in excess of C$404 million and a Canadian share of C$166 million. In the same year, the United Kingdom had 57 productions with total budgets of £124.8 million.

Further, co-productions represent a small proportion of the Australian industry. In 2005–2006, 32 feature films were made in Australia. Of these, four were foreign and only three were co-productions. Domestic expenditure for local films was A$97 million and for foreign films was A$23 million, while co-productions totalled a modest A$13 million. Similarly, local television drama in the six years to 2005–2006 had an average annual spend of A$202 million, while foreign drama and co-productions amounted to A$37 million apiece.

Although co-productions contributed only a small proportion of total production budgets in Australia, individual co-productions tend to have higher budgets. Of the 35 co-produced feature films, 49 per cent had budgets in excess of $10m. By comparison, only 18% of all Australian-produced features between 1988/89 and 2005/06 reached this level. Mini-series showed a similar bias: 90% of co-productions had budgets between $6 and $20m compared with just 61% of all series over the same period.

Co-production is a more common production mode for children's television drama. In the six years to 2005/06, the Australian industry averaged 96 hours of co-produced TV drama, at budgets of $61.8m. Of this, 27 hours were dedicated to children's drama, at average annual budgets of $16.1m. The higher reliance on co-production for children's content stems from the difficulty of financing children's programs, and the ability of children's animation to translate easily into different cultures.

While the trend through the 1990s was for a greater total spend in Australia for co-productions, reaching a high of $111m in 2001/2002, the trend since then has been downward, with only $36m being spent in 2005/06. This is largely due to a fall in television drama co-production from a high of $83m in 2001/02 to just $23m in 2005/06. Feature films, on the other hand, have experienced a revival from 2000/01, but have only averaged a modest $22.2m in Australian spend in the six years from 2001/02.

## The future of co-production in Australia

A number of economic, industry and cultural factors influence decisions to undertake an official co-production. These factors include the value of the Australian dollar, the availability of skilled crews, access to tax offsets and other financial incentives, the generation of creative content and the signing of further bilateral agreements. Higher production budgets, falling television licence fees and lower distribution guarantees are all factors that will continue to drive the international demand for co-productions. As discussed by Hoskins, McFadyen, & Finn, Australian producers find financial pooling the most important benefit of co-production and it is likely that this will be pursued more vigorously in the future.

The recently introduced Producer Offset is also expected to drive a higher level of co-production. Australian production companies making official co-productions will be automatically entitled to a tax offset of 40% of qualifying Australian production expenditure (QAPE) for feature films and 20% of QAPE for documentary, television series, telemovies and short animation.

An increase in the number of countries with which Australia has co-production agreements may also encourage greater levels of co-production. Australia recently entered into agreements with China and Singapore, increasing the number of agreements to 11. Further, Australia has signed agreements with a number of European countries which are parties to the European Convention on Cinematographic Co-production. Indirectly, this convention may provide further opportunities for collaboration with other European Union countries.

Noting the favourable performance results for Australian co-productions, Hoskins, McFadyen and Finn advocate 'greater government initiative in treaty negotiation and increased official openness to international co-production'. As the Australian film financing landscape shifts over the coming period, there is every chance that these policy issues will provide the grist for further discussions. At the same time, we can expect that Australian producers and their international partners will seek out innovative ways to harness the benefits of co-production, particularly in light of the new tax regime.


title: Perittia weberella

abstract: Perittia weberella is a moth of the family Elachistidae. It is found in Switzerland. There are probably two generations per year. The larvae feed on Lonicera xylosteum. They mine the leaves of their host plant. Larvae can be found from June and July.

text:
# Perittia weberella

***Perittia weberella*** is a moth of the family Elachistidae. It is found in Switzerland.

There are probably two generations per year.

The larvae feed on *Lonicera xylosteum*. They mine the leaves of their host plant. Larvae can be found from June and July.

## InfoBox

| *Perittia weberella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Elachistidae |
| Genus: | *Perittia* |
| Species: | ***P. weberella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Perittia weberella***<br>Whitebread, 1984 | |
|


title: Yardangs on Mars

abstract: Yardangs are common in some regions on Mars, especially in the Medusae Fossae Formation. This formation is found in the Amazonis quadrangle and near the equator. They are formed by the action of wind on sand sized particles; hence they often point in the prevailing direction that the winds were blowing when they were formed. Yardangs exhibit very few impact craters, indicating that the surface exposed is relatively young and the process of erosion may be active. The easily eroded nature of the Medusae Fossae Formation suggests that it is composed of weakly cemented particles, and was most likely formed by the deposition of wind-blown dust or volcanic ash. Yardangs are parts of rock that have been sand blasted into long, skinny ridges by bouncing sand particles blowing in the wind. Layers are seen in parts of the formation. A resistant caprock on the top of yardangs has been observed in Viking, Mars Global Surveyor, and HiRISE photos. Images from spacecraft show that they have different degrees of hardness probably because of significant variations in the physical properties, composition, particle size, and/or cementation.

text:
# Yardangs on Mars

**Yardangs** are common in some regions on Mars, especially in the Medusae Fossae Formation. This formation is found in the Amazonis quadrangle and near the equator. They are formed by the action of wind on sand sized particles; hence they often point in the prevailing direction that the winds were blowing when they were formed. Yardangs exhibit very few impact craters, indicating that the surface exposed is relatively young and the process of erosion may be active. The easily eroded nature of the Medusae Fossae Formation suggests that it is composed of weakly cemented particles, and was most likely formed by the deposition of wind-blown dust or volcanic ash. Yardangs are parts of rock that have been sand blasted into long, skinny ridges by bouncing sand particles blowing in the wind. Layers are seen in parts of the formation. A resistant caprock on the top of yardangs has been observed in Viking, Mars Global Surveyor, and HiRISE photos. Images from spacecraft show that they have different degrees of hardness probably because of significant variations in the physical properties, composition, particle size, and/or cementation.


title: VA-122 (U.S. Navy)

abstract: VA-122 was a long-lived Attack Squadron of the U.S. Navy. It was established as Composite Squadron VC-35 on 25 May 1950, redesignated Attack Squadron VA(AW)-35 on 1 July 1956, and finally as VA-122 on 29 June 1959. The squadron was disestablished on 31 May 1991, after 41 years of service, primarily as a training squadron. Its nickname was the Flying Eagles from 1971–1991.

text:
# VA-122 (U.S. Navy)

**VA-122** was a long-lived **Attack Squadron** of the U.S. Navy. It was established as **Composite Squadron VC-35** on 25 May 1950, redesignated **Attack Squadron (All Weather) VA(AW)-35** on 1 July 1956, and finally as **VA-122** on 29 June 1959. The squadron was disestablished on 31 May 1991, after 41 years of service, primarily as a training squadron. Its nickname was the *Flying Eagles* from 1971–1991.

## Operational history

* May 1950: The squadron was established with a mission of all-weather attack and anti-submarine warfare (ASW). The squadron trained detachments for carrier deployments and also participated in various exercises held on the West Coast.
* 9 November 1950 – 9 June 1951: VC-35 Detachment 3 was the squadron’s first detachment to deploy. It deployed to Korea and flew ASW patrols, night heckler missions, and other combat sorties. These became the standard missions for the squadron detachments that deployed to Korea.
* 29 June 1959: The squadron’s mission was changed from all-weather attack to fleet replacement training. It was responsible for instrument flight training for fleet propeller pilots, including ground school; enlisted ground training for AD Skyraider maintenance personnel; and the training of fleet replacement pilots for the AD-6/7 Skyraider.
* June–August 1960: The squadron trained eight officers from the Republic of Vietnam Air Force in the operation of the AD Skyraider.
* November 1966: With the acceptance of the A-7A *Corsair II*, the squadron took on the additional mission of fleet replacement training in this new aircraft.
* 1967: VA-147 was the first squadron to be trained in the A-7 by VA-122.
* December 1969: The squadron joined with VA-125 to inaugurate a graduate level Light Attack Weapons School which involved three intensive weeks of classroom and flight syllabus training covering all phases of attack aviation.
* 15 October 1973: VA-122’s Weapons Training Center, which conducted the Light Attack Weapons School, became a separate command and was designated Light Attack Weapons School, Pacific.
* 30 June 1988: With the disestablishment of VA-174, the east coast Fleet Readiness Squadron for the A-7, VA-122 assumed the responsibility for A-7 training on both coasts.
* May 1991: Prior to VA-122’s disestablishment, it had trained and graduated over 5,000 light attack pilots and over 55,000 highly skilled maintenance personnel during its career as a fleet replacement training squadron.

## Home port assignments

The squadron was assigned to these home ports, effective on the dates shown:

* NAS San Diego was redesignated NAS North Island in 1955.

## Aircraft assignment

The squadron first received the following aircraft on the dates shown:

*This article incorporates text from the public domain* Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons*.*

## InfoBox

| Attack Squadron 122 | |
| --- | --- |
| VA-122 T-28C *Trojan* at Offutt Air Force Base, 1976 | |
| Active | 25 May 1950 - 31 May 1991 |
| Country | United States |
| Branch | United States Navy |
| Type | Attack |
| Nickname(s) | Flying Eagles |
| Engagements | Korean War |
| Aircraft flown | |
| Attack | AD Skyraider
TBM Avenger
A-7 Corsair II
T-39D Sabreliner
T28C Trojan |


title: Gary Crawford (politician)

abstract: Gary Crawford is a Canadian politician, who was elected to Toronto City Council in the 2010 city council election to succeed Brian Ashton in Ward 36. He held onto the seat in the 2014 municipal elections. As councillor, Crawford sat as the Budget Chief (2014-2023). He served on numerous committees including Budget, Planning and Growth, Economic Development and the Executive Committee. He also served on City Boards and Agencies including East Metro Youth Centre, Sony Centre for the Performing Arts, Harbourfront Centre, St. Lawrence Centre for the Performing Arts, the Toronto Centre for the Arts and the Toronto Arts Council. He has chaired the Mayor’s Task Force on the Arts, the Theatres Working Group and Co-chaired the Film Board. Previous to his role on Council, Crawford served a seven-year term as a TDSB Trustee. His experience included appointment as Co-chair of the Board, Chair of Facilities Management and Chair of Negotiations. Crawford advocates for arts and culture and was involved in funding increases for the arts. Before becoming a Councillor he was a professional artist and a part-time musician. Crawford previously ran in the 2007 Ontario Provincial Election for the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario (PCPO) from the riding of Scarborough Southwest, but lost to Lorenzo Berardinetti. Crawford lost to Liberal Andrea Hazell running for the PCPO in the provincial by-election called for Scarborough—Guildwood on July 27, 2023. The day before the by-election, Crawford resigned his city council seat.

text:
# Gary Crawford (politician)

**Gary Crawford** (born July 15, 1960) is a Canadian politician, who was elected to Toronto City Council in the 2010 city council election to succeed Brian Ashton in Ward 36. He held onto the seat in the 2014 municipal elections. As councillor, Crawford sat as the Budget Chief (2014-2023). He served on numerous committees including Budget, Planning and Growth, Economic Development and the Executive Committee. He also served on City Boards and Agencies including East Metro Youth Centre, Sony Centre for the Performing Arts (as Interim Chair), Harbourfront Centre, St. Lawrence Centre for the Performing Arts, the Toronto Centre for the Arts and the Toronto Arts Council. He has chaired the Mayor’s Task Force on the Arts, the Theatres Working Group and Co-chaired the Film Board.

Previous to his role on Council, Crawford served a seven-year term as a TDSB Trustee. His experience included appointment as Co-chair of the Board, Chair of Facilities Management and Chair of Negotiations. Crawford advocates for arts and culture and was involved in funding increases for the arts. Before becoming a Councillor he was a professional artist and a part-time musician.

Crawford previously ran in the 2007 Ontario Provincial Election for the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario (PCPO) from the riding of Scarborough Southwest, but lost to Lorenzo Berardinetti.

Crawford lost to Liberal Andrea Hazell running for the PCPO in the provincial by-election called for Scarborough—Guildwood on July 27, 2023. The day before the by-election, Crawford resigned his city council seat.

## Election results

| **2022 Toronto election, Ward 20** | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| **Gary Crawford** | 8,216 | 35.07% |
| Parthi Kandavel | 6,936 | 29.61% |
| Kevin Rupasinghe | 3,208 | 13.69% |
| Lorenzo Berardinett | 2,773 | 11.84% |
| Malik Ahma | 709 | 3.03% |
| Corey David | 615 | 2.63% |
| Sharif Ahmed | 608 | 2.60% |
| Philip Mills | 363 | 1.55% |
| Total | 23,428 | 100% |

Clerk's Official Declaration of 2022 Results

| **2018 Toronto election, Ward 36** | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| **Gary Crawford** | 10,505 | 35.73% |
| Michelle Holland-Berardinetti | 10,094 | 34.33% |
| Mohsin Bhuiyan | 2,910 | 9.90% |
| Paulina Corpuz | 1,813 | 6.17% |
| Suman Roy | 1,582 | 5.38% |
| Gerard Arbour | 1,187 | 4.04% |
| Curtis Smith | 541 | 1.84% |
| Robert McDermott | 367 | 1.25% |
| Bruce Waters | 246 | 0.84% |
| John Letonja | 160 | 0.54% |
| Total | 29,405 | 100% |

Clerk's Official Declaration of 2018 Results

| **2014 Toronto election, Ward 36** | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| **Gary Crawford** | 10,833 | 52.805% |
| Robert Spencer | 6,390 | 31.148% |
| Joy Robertson | 994 | 4.845% |
| Masihullah Mohebzada | 795 | 3.875% |
| Robert McDermott | 638 | 3.110% |
| Ed Green | 447 | 2.179% |
| Christian Tobin | 320 | 1.560% |
| Andre Musters | 98 | 0.478% |
| Total | 20,515 | 100% |

Clerk's Official Declaration of 2014 Results

| **2010 Toronto election, Ward 36** | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| **Gary Crawford** | 4,392 | 25.249% |
| Robert Spencer | 3,970 | 22.823% |
| Diane Hogan | 2,341 | 13.458% |
| Sean Gladney | 2,233 | 12.837% |
| Eddy Gasparotto | 1,727 | 9.928% |
| Marvin Macaraig | 866 | 4.978% |
| Vicki Breen | 663 | 3.811% |
| Robert McDermott | 518 | 2.978% |
| Tony Ashdown | 475 | 2.731% |
| Roman Danilov | 210 | 1.207% |
| Total | 17,395 | 100% |

2010 City Clerk's Official Declaration

## InfoBox

| Gary Crawford | |
| --- | --- |
| Crawford in 2010 | |
|  | |
| Toronto City Councillor for (Ward 20) Scarborough Southwest
Ward 36 (2010-2018) | |
| **In office**
December 1, 2010  July 26, 2023 | |
| Preceded by | Brian Ashton |
| Succeeded by | Parthi Kandavel |
| Toronto Public School Trustee for (Ward 18) Scarborough Southwest | |
| **In office**
December 1, 2003  December 1, 2010 | |
| Preceded by | Elizabeth Moyer |
| Succeeded by | Elizabeth Moyer |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1960-07-15) July 15, 1960
Halifax, Nova Scotia |
| Nationality | Canadian |
| Political party | Independent |
| Other political
affiliations | Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario |
| Residence(s) | Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
| Occupation | Politician (previously: Grocery manager) |
|  | |


title: Vulcain (rocket engine)

abstract: Vulcain is a family of European first stage rocket engines for Ariane 5 and Ariane 6. Its development began in 1988 and the first flight was completed in 1996. The updated version of the engine, Vulcain 2, was first successfully flown in 2005. Both members of the family use liquid oxygen/liquid hydrogen cryogenic fuel. The new version for Ariane 6 is called Vulcain 2.1.

text:
# Vulcain (rocket engine)

**Vulcain** is a family of European first stage rocket engines for Ariane 5 and Ariane 6. Its development began in 1988 and the first flight was completed in 1996. The updated version of the engine, **Vulcain 2**, was first successfully flown in 2005. Both members of the family use liquid oxygen/liquid hydrogen cryogenic fuel. The new version for Ariane 6 is called **Vulcain 2.1**.

## History

The Vulcain rocket engine is named in French for Vulcan, the ancient Roman god of fire. Its development, carried out by a European partnership, began in 1988 with the Ariane 5 rocket program. It first flew in 1996 powering the ill-fated flight 501 without being the cause of the disaster, and had its first successful flight in 1997 (flight 502).

In 2002 the upgraded Vulcain 2 with 20% more thrust first flew on flight 157, although a problem with the engine turned the flight into a failure. The cause was due to flight loads being much higher than expected, as the inquiry board concluded. Subsequently, the nozzle was redesigned to include mechanical reinforcement of the structure and improvement of the thermal situation of the tube wall through enhancing hydrogen coolant flow as well as applying a thermal barrier coating to the flame-facing side of the coolant tubes. The first successful flight of the (partially redesigned) Vulcain 2 occurred in 2005 on flight 521.

### Further development

On 17 June 2007 Volvo Aero announced that in spring of 2008 it expected to hot-fire test a Vulcain 2 nozzle manufactured with a new "sandwich" technology.

The development of the future version for Ariane 6, Vulcain 2.1, began in 2014. First flight-configuration engine nozzle was delivered in June 2017, reducing parts count by 90%, cost by 40% and production time by 30% comparing to the engine nozzle of Vulcain 2. The first launch of Vulcain 2.1 took place on 9 July 2024.

## Overview

The Vulcain is a gas-generator cycle rocket engine fed with cryogenic liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen. It features regenerative cooling through a tube wall design, and the Vulcain 2 introduced a particular film cooling for the lower part of the nozzle, where exhaust gas from the turbine is re-injected in the engine. It powers the first stage of the Ariane 5 launcher, the EPC (Étage Principal Cryotechnique, main cryogenic stage) and provide 8% of the total lift-off thrust (the rest being provided by the two solid rocket boosters). The engine operating time is 600 s in both configurations. 3 m tall and 1.76 m in diameter, the engine weighs 1686 kg and provides 137  of thrust in its latest version. The oxygen turbopump rotates at 13600 rpm with a power of 3 MW while the hydrogen turbopump rotates at 34000 rpm with 12 MW of power. The total mass flow rate is 235 kg/s, of which 41.2 kg/s are of hydrogen.

## Contractors

The main contractor for the Vulcain engines is Snecma Moteurs (France), which also provides the liquid hydrogen turbopump. The liquid oxygen turbopump is the responsibility of Avio (Italy), and the gas turbines that power the turbopumps and the nozzle are developed by GKN (Formerly Volvo) (Sweden).

### Comparable engines

## References and notes

## InfoBox

Vulcain
| Vulcain 2 engine on display | |
| --- | --- |
| Country of origin | France
European Union |
| First flight | * **1**: 4 June 1996 * **2**: 12 February 2005 * **2.1**: 9 July 2024 |
| Last flight | * **1**: 18 December 2009 * **2**: 5 July 2023 |
| Designer | Snecma
ArianeGroup |
| Manufacturer | Snecma
ArianeGroup |
| Application | Main stage engine |
| Associated LV |  |
| Predecessor | Viking |
| Status | * **1**: Retired * **2**: Retired * **2.1**: In production |
| Liquid-fuel engine | |
| Propellant | LOX / LH2 |
| Mixture ratio | * **1**: 5.3:1 * **2**: 6.1:1 |
| Cycle | Gas generator |
| Configuration | |
| Nozzle ratio | * **1**: 45.1:1 * **2**: 58.2:1 |
| Performance | |
| Thrust, vacuum | * **1**: 1,140 kN (260,000 lbf) * **2**: 1,359 kN (306,000 lbf) * **2.1**: 1,324 kN (298,000 lbf) |
| Chamber pressure | * **1**: 100 bar (10,000 kPa) * **2**: 117.3 bar (11,730 kPa) * **2.1**: 120.8 bar (12,080 kPa) |
| Specific impulse, vacuum | * **1**: 431 s (4.23 km/s) * **2**: 429 s (4.21 km/s) |
| Dimensions | |
| Length | * **1**: 3.05 m (10.0 ft) * **2**: 3.44 m (11.3 ft) * **2.1**: 3.7 m (12 ft) |
| Diameter | * **1**: 1.76 m (5 ft 9 in) * **2**: 2.09 m (6 ft 10 in) * **2.1**: 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) |
| Dry mass | * **1**: 1,300 kg (2,900 lb) * **2**: 1,800 kg (4,000 lb) * **2.1**: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb) |
| References | |
| References |  |


title: Pilar Ramírez

abstract: Pilar Ramírez Laguna was a Mexican competitor in women's synchronized swimming. She represented her native country at the 1984 Summer Olympics, and claimed the bronze medal in duet at the 1983 Pan American Games in Caracas alongside Claudia Novelo.

text:
# Pilar Ramírez

**Pilar Ramírez Laguna** (February 28, 1964  May 24, 2017) was a Mexican competitor in women's synchronized swimming. She represented her native country at the 1984 Summer Olympics, and claimed the bronze medal in duet at the 1983 Pan American Games in Caracas alongside Claudia Novelo.

## InfoBox

Pilar Ramírez
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Pilar Ramírez Laguna |
| Nationality | Mexico |
| Born | (1964-02-28)28 February 1964 |
| Died | 24 May 2017(2017-05-24) (aged 53) |
| Height | 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) |
| Weight | 55 kg (121 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Swimming |
|  | |
| Strokes | Synchronized swimming |
|  | |
| Medal record      Representing  Mexico  Synchronized swimming  Pan American Games  1983 Caracas  Duet4 | |


title: Petra Széles

abstract: Petra Széles is a Hungarian female volleyball player, playing as a middle-blocker. She is part of the Hungary women's national volleyball team. She competed at the 2015 Women's European Volleyball Championship. On club level she plays for Gödöllõ Clu.

text:
# Petra Széles

**Petra Széles** (born 27 January 1988) is a Hungarian female volleyball player, playing as a middle-blocker. She is part of the Hungary women's national volleyball team.

She competed at the 2015 Women's European Volleyball Championship. On club level she plays for Gödöllõ Clu.

## InfoBox

| Petra Széles | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Nationality | Hungarian |
| Born | (1988-01-27) 27 January 1988 |
| Height | 176 cm (69 in) |
| Weight | 67 kg (148 lb) |
| Spike | 300 cm (118 in) |
| Block | 285 cm (112 in) |
| Volleyball information | |
| Position | Middle-blocker |
| Number | 13 (national team) |
| Career | |
| Years Teams  2015  Gödöllõ Clu | |
| National team | |
| 2015  Hungary | |