title: Prix Noailles

abstract: The Prix Noailles is a Group 3 flat horse race in France open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run over a distance of 2,100 metres at Longchamp in April.

text:
# Prix Noailles

Prix Noailles
| 2024 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |
| Calandagan | Bright Picture | Trafalgar Square |

| Previous years | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2023 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Flight Leader | Harry Way | Fortune |
| 2022 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Junko | Maximus | Garachico |
| 2021 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Cheshire Academy | Pretty Tiger | Gregolimo |

| 2020-2011 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2019 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Slalom | Syrtis | Surrey Thunder |
| 2018 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Pharrell | Alhadab | Flag Of Honour |
| 2017 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Soleil Marin | Akihiro | Normandy Eagle |
| 2016 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Raseed | More Than A Dream | Valkena |
| 2015 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Karaktar | High Dynamite | Best Of Max |
| 2014 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Gailo Chop | Aventador | Gallante |
| 2013 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Tableaux | Kapour | Art Contemporain |
| 2012 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Hard Dream | Health Wise | Valdo Bere |
| 2011 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Grand Vent | Durer | Touz Price |

| 2010-2001 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Planteur | Rewilding | Ivory Land |
| 2009 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Grandcamp | Guest Ville | Wajir |
| 2008 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Full Of Gold | Court Canibal | Blue Bresil |
| 2007 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Soldier Of Fortune | Spirit One | Spycrawler |
| 2006 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Gentlewave | Bremen | Grand Couturier |
| 2005 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Ruwi | Gold Sound | Silver Cross |
| 2004 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Voix Du Nord | Cherry Mix | Fast And Furious |
| 2003 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Super Celebre | Coroner | Jipapibaquigrafo |
| 2002 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Ballingarry | Great Pretender | Stydahar |
| 2001 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Anabaa Blue | Gris De Fer | Worthily |

| 2000-1990 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Kutub | Lord Flasheart | Ciro |
| 1999 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Slickly | State Shinto | Murray River |
| 1998 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Special Quest | Roli Abi | Jeopardy |
| 1997 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Fragrant Mix | Sendoro | Shaka |
| 1996 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Helissio | Arbatax | Oliviero |
| 1995 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Walk On Mix | Solar One | Poliglote |
| 1994 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Gunboat Diplomacy | Smart Wise | Thames |
| 1993 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Fort Wood | Marchand De Sable | Sawasdee |
| 1992 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Grand Plaisir | Modhish | Glaieul |
| 1991 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Pistolet Bleu | Subotica | Pigeon Voyageur |
| 1990 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Intimiste | Gargarin | Aksar |
|  | | |

The **Prix Noailles** is a Group 3 flat horse race in France open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run over a distance of 2,100 metres (about 1 mile and 2½ furlongs) at Longchamp in April.

## History

The event was established in 1878, and it was originally called the Prix du Nabob. It was named after The Nabob, a leading sire in France. Its distance was 2,500 metres.

The Prix du Nabob was one of several trials for the Prix du Jockey Club collectively known as the Poules des Produits. The others (listed by their modern titles) were the Prix Daru, the Prix Lupin, the Prix Hocquart and the Prix Greffulhe. The Prix du Nabob was restricted to the produce of mares covered by stallions born outside France. It was funded by entries submitted before a horse's birth, in the year of conception.

The race was renamed in memory of Alfred de Noailles (1823–1895), a member of the Société d'Encouragement, in 1896. Noailles played an important role in the creation of Longchamp Racecourse.

The Prix Noailles was cut to 2,400 metres in 1902. It was abandoned throughout World War I, with no running from 1915 to 1919.

The race was cancelled once during World War II, in 1940. For a period it merged with the Prix Daru. The combined event, the Prix Daru-Noailles, was run over 2,150 metres at Le Tremblay in 1943. It was run over 2,100 metres at Maisons-Laffitte in 1944 and 1945, and at Longchamp in 1946.

In the post-war years, the Prix Noailles was contested over 2,200 metres. It was cut to 2,100 metres in 2005. It was shortened to 2,000 metres in 2011, and reverted to 2,100 metres in 2012. In 2014 it was downgraded from Group 2 to Group 3.

Twelve winners of the race have achieved victory in the Prix du Jockey Club. The first was Zut in 1879, and the most recent was Anabaa Blue in 2001.

## Records

**Leading jockey (6 wins):**

* Freddy Head*Goodly (1969), Dragoon (1970), Val de l'Orne (1975), Lydian (1981), Nerio (1988), Grand Plaisir (1992)*

---

**Leading trainer (14 wins):**

* André Fabre*Jeu de Paille (1983), Cariellor (1984), Dancehall (1989), Fort Wood (1993), Walk on Mix (1995), Fragrant Mix (1997), Slickly (1999), Gentlewave (2006), Grand Vent (2011), Tableaux (2013), Soleil Marin (2017), Slalom (2019), Junko (2022), Flight Leader (2023)*

---

**Leading owner (4 wins):**

* Marcel Boussac*Irismond (1924), Pharis (1939), Giafar (1947), Faublas (1953)*
* Guy de Rothschild*Diatome (1965), Premier Violon (1966), Luthier (1968), Jeu de Paille (1983)*

## Winners since 1978

| Year | Winner | Jockey | Trainer | Owner | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1978 | Gracias | Jean-Claude Desaint | John Cunnington Jr. | Mrs Pierre Ribes | 2:36.00 |
| 1979 | High Sierra | Michel Jerome | E. Chevalier du Fau | Ella Widener Wetherill | 2:22.20 |
| 1980 | Julius Caesar | Henri Samani | Serge Boullenger | R. W. Dilley | 2:19.90 |
| 1981 | Lydian | Freddy Head | Criquette Head | Ecurie Åland | 2:21.80 |
| 1982 | Persepolis | Lester Piggott | François Boutin | Stavros Niarchos | 2:23.00 |
| 1983 | Jeu de Paille | Henri Samani | André Fabre | Guy de Rothschild | 2:37.40 |
| 1984 | Cariellor | Alfred Gibert | André Fabre | Suzy Volterra | 2:20.10 |
| 1985 | Glaros | Éric Legrix | Patrick Biancone | Richard Eamer | 2:23.90 |
| 1986 | Bering | Gary W. Moore | Criquette Head | Ghislaine Head | 2:44.00 |
| 1987 | Sadjiyd | Yves Saint-Martin | Alain de Royer-Dupré | HH Aga Khan IV | 2:19.30 |
| 1988 | Nerio | Freddy Head | Gérard Collet | Ecurie du Ring | 2:22.40 |
| 1989 | Dancehall | Cash Asmussen | André Fabre | Tomohiro Wada | 2:22.50 |
| 1990 | Intimiste | Gérald Mossé | François Boutin | Niccolò Incisa Rocchetta | 2:27.10 |
| 1991 | Pistolet Bleu | Dominique Boeuf | Élie Lellouche | Daniel Wildenstein | 2:19.00 |
| 1992 | Grand Plaisir | Freddy Head | J. C. Cunnington | Taisuke Fujishima | 2:28.40 |
| 1993 | Fort Wood | Walter Swinburn | André Fabre | Sheikh Mohammed | 2:31.50 |
| 1994 | Gunboat Diplomacy | Olivier Peslier | Élie Lellouche | Daniel Wildenstein | 2:34.10 |
| 1995 | Walk on Mix | Thierry Jarnet | André Fabre | Jean-Luc Lagardère | 2:18.70 |
| 1996 | Helissio | Dominique Boeuf | Élie Lellouche | Enrique Sarasola | 2:14.50 |
| 1997 | Fragrant Mix | Thierry Jarnet | André Fabre | Jean-Luc Lagardère | 2:16.50 |
| 1998 | Special Quest | Olivier Doleuze | Criquette Head | Wertheimer et Frère | 2:29.10 |
| 1999 | Slickly | Olivier Peslier | André Fabre | Jean-Luc Lagardère | 2:17.00 |
| 2000 | Kutub | Davy Bonilla | Freddy Head | Hamdan Al Maktoum | 2:20.60 |
| 2001 | Anabaa Blue | Christophe Soumillon | Carlos Lerner | Charles Mimouni | 2:35.90 |
| 2002 | Ballingarry | Jamie Spencer | Aidan O'Brien | Sue Magnier | 2:17.30 |
| 2003 | Super Celebre | Dominique Boeuf | Élie Lellouche | Ecurie Wildenstein | 2:19.90 |
| 2004 | Voix du Nord | Christophe Soumillon | David Smaga | Thierry van Zuylen | 2:17.47 |
| 2005 | Ruwi | Ioritz Mendizabal | Jean-Claude Rouget | Robert Bousquet | 2:21.10 |
| 2006 | Gentlewave | Olivier Peslier | André Fabre | Gary Tanaka | 2:11.00 |
| 2007 | Soldier of Fortune | Christophe Soumillon | Aidan O'Brien | Magnier / Tabor / Smith | 2:07.40 |
| 2008 | Full of Gold | Thierry Gillet | Criquette Head-Maarek | Alec Head | 2:22.50 |
| 2009 | Grandcamp | Christophe Lemaire | Jean-Claude Rouget | Daniel-Yves Trèves | 2:10.77 |
| 2010 | Planteur | Anthony Crastus | Élie Lellouche | Ecurie Wildenstein | 2:12.04 |
| 2011 | Grand Vent | Maxime Guyon | André Fabre | Godolphin | 2:05.42 |
| 2012 | Hard Dream | Stéphane Pasquier | François Rohaut | Pandora Stud | 2:29.37 |
| 2013 | Tableaux | Maxime Guyon | André Fabre | Smith / Tabor | 2:19.07 |
| 2014 | Gailo Chop | Julien Augé | Antoine de Watrigant | Oti / Chopard | 2:09.33 |
| 2015 | Karaktar | Christophe Soumillon | Alain de Royer-Dupré | Aga Khan IV | 2:08.61 |
| 2016 | Raseed | Aurelien Lemaitre | Freddy Head | Hamdan Al Maktoum | 2:12.08 |
| 2017 | Soleil Marin | Mickael Barzalona | André Fabre | Godolphin | 2:08.34 |
| 2018 | Pharrell | Jean-Bernard Eyquem | Jean-Claude Rouget | Sarl Ecurie J L Tepper | 2:23.51 |
| 2019 | Slalom | Maxime Guyon | André Fabre | Wertheimer et Frère | 2:10.88 |
|  | *no race 2020* |  |  |  |  |
| 2021 | Pretty Tiger | Mickael Barzalona | Fabrice Vermeulen | White Birch Farm | 2:20.55 |
| 2022 | Junko | Maxime Guyon | André Fabre | Wertheimer et Frère | 2:12.14 |
| 2023 | Flight Leader | Bauyrzhan Murzabayev | André Fabre | Exors Of The Late K Abdullah | 2:18.69 |
| 2024 | Calandagan | Stéphane Pasquier | Francis-Henri Graffard | Aga Khan IV | 2:13.56 |

## Earlier winners

* 1878: Clementine
* 1879: Zut
* 1880: Pacific
* 1881: Forum
* 1882: Cimier
* 1883: Vernet
* 1884: Pi Ouit
* 1885: Aida
* 1886: Verdiere
* 1887: Gournay
* 1888: Walter Scott
* 1889: Achille
* 1890: Alicante
* 1891: Primrose
* 1892: Saint Michel
* 1893: Chapeau Chinois
* 1894: Ravioli
* 1895: Cherbourg
* 1896: Riposte
* 1897: Flacon
* 1898: Le Guide
* 1899: Maurice
* 1900: Royal
* 1901: Tibere
* 1902: Glacier
* 1903: Quo Vadis
* 1904: Ajax
* 1905: Jardy
* 1906: Querido
* 1907: La Serqueuse
* 1908: Souvigny
* 1909: Aveu
* 1910: Aloes III
* 1911: Combourg
* 1912: Imperial
* 1913: Vulcain
* 1914: Durbar
* 1915–19: *no race*
* 1920: Pendennis
* 1921: Meisonnier
* 1922: Kibar
* 1923: Grand Guignol
* 1924: Irismond
* 1925: Red Hawk
* 1926: Biribi
* 1927: Fenimore Cooper
* 1928: Le Correge
* 1929: Dark Times
* 1930: Chateau Bouscaut
* 1931: Brasik
* 1932: Bosphore
* 1933: Bengal
* 1934: Zenodore
* 1935: Bouillon
* 1936: Fastnet
* 1937: Actor
* 1938: Anchois
* 1939: Pharis
* 1940: *no race*
* 1941: Nepenthe
* 1942: Arcot
* 1943: Norseman
* 1944: Prince Bio
* 1945: His Eminence
* 1946: Prince Chevalier
* 1947: Giafar
* 1948: Flush Royal
* 1949: Rancio
* 1950: Lacaduv
* 1951: Thelus
* 1952: Corindon
* 1953: Faublas
* 1954: Le Grand Bi
* 1955: Vimy
* 1956: Tanerko
* 1957: Weeping Willow
* 1958: Noelor
* 1959: Cousu d'Or
* 1960: Le Ventoux
* 1961: Match
* 1962: Val de Loir
* 1963: Calchaqui
* 1964: Le Fabuleux
* 1965: Diatome
* 1966: Premier Violon
* 1967: Roi Dagobert
* 1968: Luthier
* 1969: Goodly
* 1970: Dragoon
* 1971: Maryambre
* 1972: Sancy
* 1973: Eddystone
* 1974: D'Arras
* 1975: Val de l'Orne
* 1976: Twig Moss
* 1977: Catus

* The race was merged with the Prix Daru from 1943 to 1946.

1. "Prix Noailles". *The French Black Type*. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
2. "1878 Prix du Nabob". *Le Figaro* (in French). 29 April 1878. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
3. "1896 Prix Noailles". *Le Gaulois*. 27 April 1896. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
4. "1902 Prix Noailles". *Le Figaro*. 28 April 1902. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
5. "1943 Prix Daru-Noailles". *Le Matin*. 3 May 1943. Retrieved 25 November 2012.

---

## InfoBox

Prix Noailles
| Group 3 race | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Longchamp Racecourse
Paris, France |
| Inaugurated | 1878 |
| Race type | Flat / Thoroughbred |
| Website | france-galop.com |
| Race information | |
| Distance | 2,100 metres (1m 2½f) |
| Surface | Turf |
| Track | Right-handed |
| Qualification | Three-year-olds |
| Weight | 58 kg
**Allowances**
1½ kg for fillies |
| Purse | €80,000 *(2019)*
**1st:** €40,000 |


title: No. 31 Squadron RNZAF

abstract: No. 31 Squadron is a squadron of the Royal New Zealand Air Force. Formed in December 1943, it was equipped with Grumman TBF Avenger Torpedo bombers.

text:
# No. 31 Squadron RNZAF

**No. 31 Squadron** is a squadron of the Royal New Zealand Air Force. Formed in December 1943, it was equipped with Grumman TBF Avenger Torpedo bombers.

## History

31 Squadron was stationed in New Zealand from December 1943 to May 1944. The squadron deployed to Piva Airfield on Bougainville from May to July 1944. The squadron was disbanded in August 1944.

## Insignia and motto

The badge of 31 Squadron included a carved Greenstone Taniwha above two crossed Mere. The squadron's motto (also included on the badge) was Kia Mataara, Te reo Maori for "Watch".

## Commanding officers

* Squadron Leader M. Wilkes.

## InfoBox

| No. 31 Squadron | |
| --- | --- |
| Active | 1943–1944 |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Branch | Royal New Zealand Air Force |
| Type | Torpedo bomber |
| Motto(s) | Kia Mataara |
| Engagements | World War II |


title: Paradise Grove

abstract: Paradise Grove is an independent 2003 black comedy filmed in London. Much of the film is based in a fictional Jewish retirement home. It stars Ron Moody and Rula Lenska. It was directed by Charles Harris and was his first feature film.

text:
# Paradise Grove

***Paradise Grove*** is an independent 2003 black comedy filmed in London. Much of the film is based in a fictional Jewish retirement home. It stars Ron Moody and Rula Lenska. It was directed by Charles Harris and was his first feature film.

## Synopsis

A quirky film about life, death, and the bit in the middle, Paradise Grove is a beguiling blend of tragedy, romance, and wry Jewish wit. Set in an eccentric north London Jewish old age home, the film revolves around three generations of the same family. There's cantankerous old Izzie Goldberg (Ron Moody), who's dying and is not at all happy about it, his hedonistic daughter Dee (Rula Lenska), the home's owner, a cross between a Sixties flower child and a traditional Jewish mother—and there's her teenage age son Keith (Leyland O'Brien), the mixed-race outcome of a disastrous marriage. Keith's identity crisis forms the film's emotional core: he's trying to build personal and religious bridges with his grandfather while starting a relationship with the mysterious Kim (Lee Blakemore), who turns up one morning looking for shelter, and who offers the promise of a life outside Paradise Grove. He'd love to get away from his domineering mother but can he abandon Izzie? And why does Kim keep a loaded gun in her handbag?

## Reception

### Reviews

"Sensitively moving between playful humour and serious drama..." Raindance Film Festival

"A jewel that will shine for years to come..." Notes From Hollywood

"Sharply observed and often hilarious..." London Jewish Chronicle

### Accolades

The film garnered several awards and nominations;

* WINNER

BEST NEW DIRECTOR CHARLES HARRIS (Palm Springs Festival of Festivals)

* TOP FIVE

AUDIENCE FAVORITES (Palm Springs Festival of Festivals)

* WINNER

BRONZE AWARD FOR FIRST FILM (Houston WorldFest)

* TOP THREE

AUDIENCE FAVOURITES (Commonwealth Film Festival)

* NOMINATED

BEST FILM (British Independent Film Awards)

## InfoBox

| Paradise Grove | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Charles Harris |
| Written by | Charles Harris |
| Produced by | David Castro |
| Starring | Ron Moody
Rula Lenska
Lee Blakemore
Leyland O'Brien |
| Release date | * 2003 (2003) |
| Running time | 93 minutes |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |


title: Shalmaneser IV

abstract: Shalmaneser IV was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 783 BC to his death in 773 BC. Shalmaneser was the son and successor of his predecessor, Adad-nirari III, and ruled during a period of Assyrian decline from which few sources survive. As such his reign, other than broad political developments, is poorly known. Shalmaneser's time was marked both by an increase in the power held by Assyrian officials relative to that of the king and Assyria's enemies growing increasingly powerful. Most of Shalmaneser's military efforts were spent warring against the Kingdom of Urartu in the north, which during this time was reaching the peak of its power.

text:
# Shalmaneser IV

**Shalmaneser IV** (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform:  *Salmānu-ašarēd*, meaning "Salmānu is foremost") was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 783 BC to his death in 773 BC. Shalmaneser was the son and successor of his predecessor, Adad-nirari III, and ruled during a period of Assyrian decline from which few sources survive. As such his reign, other than broad political developments, is poorly known. Shalmaneser's time was marked both by an increase in the power held by Assyrian officials relative to that of the king and Assyria's enemies growing increasingly powerful. Most of Shalmaneser's military efforts were spent warring against the Kingdom of Urartu in the north, which during this time was reaching the peak of its power.

## Biography

Shalmaneser IV was the son and successor of Adad-nirari III (r.811–783 BC), inheriting the throne upon his father's death in 783 BC. The accession of Shalmaneser IV marks the beginning of an obscure period in Assyrian history, from which little information survives. This period also extends throughout the reigns of his two immediate successors, his brothers Ashur-dan III (r.773–755 BC) and Ashur-nirari V (r.755–745/744 BC). By the end of Adad-nirari III's reign, the Neo-Assyrian Empire was declining. In particular, the power of the king himself was being threatened due to the emergence of extraordinarily powerful officials, whom while they accepted the authority of the Assyrian monarch in practice acted with supreme authority themselves and began to issue their own inscriptions, similar to those of the kings. This arrangement continued during the reign of Shalmaneser and his immediate successors, a time from which inscriptions from such officials are more common than inscriptions by the kings themselves. At the same time, the enemies of Assyria grew stronger and more serious. This period of Assyrian decline for instance coincided with the peak of the northern Kingdom of Urartu.

Only a small number of texts are known from Shalmaneser. No building projects are known from his time, though he is thought to have done some construction work in Assur, the first capital of Assyria. One inscription found near the city Marash in Turkey from 773 BC describes a border confirmation with Ušpilulume, king of Kummuh, made at some point after the conclusion of a campaign against Damascus. The inscription credits the influential general Shamshi-ilu with victory against Damascus and is ambiguous concerning whether it was Shamshu-ilu or Shalmaneser who negotiated with Ušpilulume. At Tell Abta, an archaeological site by Lake Tharthar, a stele has been found, written by the palace herald Bel-harran-beli-usur which describes the foundation of a new city in the desert. The stele unusually gives Bel-harran-beli-usur's name before the name of the incumbent king and also credits the foundation of the new city to him, not to Shalmaneser, indicating great autonomy. Even more curiously, the inscription of the stele, which named the incumbent king as Shalmaneser, was at some point changed to instead refer to the later Tiglath-Pileser III (r.745–727 BC).

Shalmaneser's queen was named Hama. They were married already during the reign of Adad-nirari, as an inscription by Adad-nirari identifies her as his daughter-in-law. Hama's tomb was identified in 2017 by Tracy L. Spurrier at Nimrud, the capital in Shalmaneser's time. Her skeleton indicates that she died very young, aged only 18–20, at some point during Shalmaneser's reign, though the cause of death could not be determined. Buried alongside her were various treasures, including a golden crown, jewelry, gems, gold bowls, bracelets, rings, brooches, pots, stamps, caps, leaves, cups and cylinder seals.

Inscriptions from after Shalmaneser's reign that mention him include the *Assyrian King List* (from which the length of his reign is known), a later royal decree, and a later list of eponyms (year names) that include the eponyms of Shalmaneser's reign. From the list of eponyms, it is known that Shalmaneser campaigned against Urartu from 781 to 776 BC. It is possible that a letter written to the god of Assyria, Ashur, from a king in the obscure time initiated by Shalmaneser IV refers to this campaign but it might alternatively have been written in the reign of his successor. Other campaigns of Shalmaneser recorded in the eponyms include a campaign against Ituʾa, probably a Babylonian city, in 776 BC, a 775 BC campaign to "the cedar mountain", a 774 BC campaign to Namri (in Urartu), and a final 774 BC campaign to Damascus. Though it appears that Shalmaneser's wars against Urartu were not decisive, his western campaigns, such as those against Damascus and presumably the cedar mountain, as well as the border confirmation with Ušpilulume illustrate some success in the west. It is probable that some, or perhaps even all, of the campaigns were actually led by Shamshi-ilu, rather than the king. Shalmaneser died in 773 BC and was succeeded by his brother, Ashur-dan III.

## Titles

In the inscription from Marash, Shalmaneser is accorded the following titulature:

> Shalmaneser, strong king, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nirari, strong king, king of the Universe, king of Assyria, son of Shamshi-Adad, king of the Four Quarters.

### Sources

* Chen, Fei (2020). *Study on the Synchronistic King List from Ashur*. Leiden: BRILL. ISBN 978-9004430914.
* Grayson, A. Kirk (1982). "Assyria: Ashur-dan II to Ashur-Nirari V (934–745 B.C.)". In Boardman, John; Edwards, I. E. S.; Hammond, N. G. L.; Sollberger, E. (eds.). *The Cambridge Ancient History: Volume 3, Part 1: The Prehistory of the Balkans, the Middle East and the Aegean World, Tenth to Eighth Centuries BC* (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1139054287.
* Grayson, A. Kirk (2002) \[1996\]. *Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium BC: II (858–745 BC)*. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-0886-0.
* Spurrier, Tracy L. (2017). "Finding Hama: On the Identification of a Forgotten Queen Buried in the Nimrud Tombs". *Journal of Near Eastern Studies*. **76** (1): 149–174. doi:10.1086/690911. S2CID 164734557.
* "The Neo Assyrian Eponyms". *Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative*. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
* Yamada, Keiko; Yamada, Shiego (2017). "Shalmaneser V and His Era, Revisited". In Baruchi-Unna, Amitai; Forti, Tova; Aḥituv, Shmuel; Ephʿal, Israel; Tigay, Jeffrey H. (eds.). *"Now It Happened in Those Days": Studies in Biblical, Assyrian, and Other Ancient Near Eastern Historiography Presented to Mordechai Cogan on His 75th Birthday*. Vol. 2. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1575067612.

## InfoBox

| Shalmaneser IV | |
| --- | --- |
| *King of Assyria* | |
| King of the Neo-Assyrian Empire | |
| Reign | 783–773 BC |
| Predecessor | Adad-nirari III |
| Successor | Ashur-dan III |
|  | |
| Died | 773 BC |
| Spouse | Hama |
| Akkadian | Salmānu-ašarēd |
| Dynasty | Adaside dynasty |
| Father | Adad-nirari III |


title: Prakash Shrestha

abstract: Prakash Shrestha is a Nepali singer. He has recorded 1000 songs and released 12 albums in the form of cassettes and CDs. He has more than 500 performances nationally and internationally. He has lent his voice to playback songs in more than 150 Nepali films.

text:
# Prakash Shrestha

**Prakash Shrestha** is a Nepali singer. He has recorded 1000 songs and released 12 albums in the form of cassettes and CDs. He has more than 500 performances nationally and internationally. He has lent his voice to playback songs in more than 150 Nepali films.

## Early life

Prakash Shrestha was born in Birgunj, Nepal. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in Commerce from Thakur Ram college (Birgunj) and went to pursue training in India where he obtained a diploma in music (Sangeet Prabhakar) from Allahabad University. Besides singing, he was also a sportsman of exceptional ability, excelling in table tennis, cricket and football. He started his career as a singer in 1973 (2030) and since then he has made tremendous contribution to Nepali music industry.

## Career and achievements

Prakash shrestha is renowned for his melodious songs such as Fewatal ko angan, Safal timro, Kanchi he Kanchi and Gahirai ma Dubdai na Duba. He is also the most recorded artist in Nepal film industry. Prakash has also been working with the Nepal airlines corporation for a long time.

## Awards and honors

He has been awarded with many prestigious awards and honors which includes:

* 1979: 1st prize winner: 29th Birthday celebrations of Radio Nepal
* 1989: Best singer award by Abhiyan
* 1989: Consolation prize in ABU golden kite world song festival in Malaysia
* 1991: Narayan Gopal Music award
* 1993: Best Playback singer award in Sanmiguel film awards
* 1994: Priya Award
* 1995: National Vision Busy Award
* 1996: Sayapatri Award
* 1998: Nai Kalanidhi Award
* 1999: Chhinnalata Award
* 1999: Rastriya Gaurav Yuva Award
* 1999: Mansarovar cine Award
* 2000: Sikha Sur Award
* 2000: Bhupal Man Karki Award
* 2001: Nepal Film Artists National Association Award
* 2001: Nepal Motion Picture Association Award
* 1974: Subharajyavishek Padak
* 1995: Prabal Gorkha Dakhsin Bahu from the late King Birendra.
* 1996: Gaddi Arohan Rajat Mahotsa (Silver Jubilee medal) Padak
* 2001: Birendra Aishwarya Sewa Padak
* 2004: Prakhyat Trishakti Patta Padak by former King Gyanendra.

Prakash Shrestha has traveled far and wide both within and outside the country.

## Concert

Every concert, every tour and every recording session has had its share of stories to tell. The singer has performed in Osaka, Nagoya, Tokyo, Sydney, Melbourne, Canberra, Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Nanjing, Doha, Pyongyang, Seoul, Brunei, Dhaka, Kuala Lumpur, Bangkok, Singapore, Dubai, Sharjhah, Abu Dhabi, Karachi, Colombo, and many places in India including Delthi, Mumbai, Kolkata, varanasi, Sikkim, Mirik, Kalimpong and Darjeeling. He has sung in Moscow, Odessa, Moldavia and Terasport in Russia and also in London, Frankfurt, and Munich.

In 1999, along with Madan Krishna Shrestha, Haribansha Acharya, Kiran KC, Raja Ram Poudyal and dancer Saragna, Prakash went on two month stint doing shows all over America.

## InfoBox

| Prakash Shrestha | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Prakash Shrestha |
| Born | (1957-01-28)28 January 1957<br>Birgunj, Nepal |
| Genres | Film, Pop, Classical, Folk |
| Occupation | Playback Singer |
| Instrument(s) | Vocals, Harmonium |
| Years active | 1973–present |


title: Miloš Šimončič

abstract: Miloš Šimončič is a former Slovak football midfielder who plays for OFK 1948 Veľký Lapáš.

text:
# Miloš Šimončič

**Miloš Šimončič** (born 27 May 1987) is a former Slovak football midfielder who plays for OFK 1948 Veľký Lapáš.

## Career

### Club career

Šimončič have played for Nitra, spending most of his career there. He had also played for Austrian lower division side of Ritzing.

His professional retirement was announced on 21 January 2020. He would continue to play for OFK 1948 Veľký Lapáš and still be a part of FC Nitra's organization.

## InfoBox

Miloš Šimončič
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Miloš Šimončič | | |
| Date of birth | (1987-05-27) 27 May 1987 | | |
| Place of birth | Nitra, Czechoslovakia | | |
| Height | 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Veľký Lapáš | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Nitra | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2005–2013 | Nitra | 169 | (13) |
| 2014–2016 | Ritzing | 62 | (4) |
| 2016–2019 | Nitra | 89 | (13) |
| 2020– | Veľký Lapáš |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 3 January 2020 | | | |


title: Gibberula punctillum

abstract: Gibberula punctillum is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cystiscidae family,

text:
# Gibberula punctillum

***Gibberula punctillum*** is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cystiscidae family,

## Distribution

This marine species is endemic to São Tomé and Príncipe.

## InfoBox

| *Gibberula punctillum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Cystiscidae |
| Subfamily: | Cystiscinae |
| Genus: | *Gibberula* |
| Species: | ***G. punctillum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Gibberula punctillum***<br>Gofas & Fernandes, 1988 | |
|


title: Procharista spectabilosa

abstract: Procharista spectabilosa is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Kyu-Tek Park in 2009. It is found in Thailand. The wingspan is 12.5–13 mm. The forewings are yellowish brown. The hindwings are uniform clothed.

text:
# Procharista spectabilosa

***Procharista spectabilosa*** is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Kyu-Tek Park in 2009. It is found in Thailand.

The wingspan is 12.5–13 mm. The forewings are yellowish brown. The hindwings are uniform clothed.

## InfoBox

| *Procharista spectabilosa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Lecithoceridae |
| Genus: | *Procharista* |
| Species: | ***P. spectabilosa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Procharista spectabilosa***<br>Park, 2009 | |
|


title: National Wetlands Research Center

abstract: The National Wetlands Research Center (NWRC) was founded in 1975 as part of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's (USFWS) Office of Biological Services. Its headquarters are located in Lafayette, Louisiana. The NWRC is one of 16 science centers of the Biological Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey. The mission of the National Wetlands Research Center is to develop and disseminate scientific information needed for understanding the ecology and values of U.S. wetlands and for managing and restoring wetland habitats and associated plant and animal communities. Its mission's primary goal is to bridge the gap between researchers and decision makers, mostly by using geographic information systems and producing reports such as coastal characterizations, community and estuarine profiles, and species profiles.

text:
# National Wetlands Research Center

The **National Wetlands Research Center** (NWRC) was founded in 1975 as part of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's (USFWS) Office of Biological Services. Its headquarters are located in Lafayette, Louisiana.

The NWRC is one of 16 science centers of the Biological Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey. The mission of the National Wetlands Research Center is to develop and disseminate scientific information needed for understanding the ecology and values of U.S. wetlands and for managing and restoring wetland habitats and associated plant and animal communities. Its mission's primary goal is to bridge the gap between researchers and decision makers, mostly by using geographic information systems and producing reports such as coastal characterizations, community and estuarine profiles, and species profiles.

## History

## Sources


title: Prix Niel

abstract: The Prix Niel is a Group 2 flat horse race in France open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run at Longchamp over a distance of 2,400 metres, and it is scheduled to take place each year in September. The race serves as a trial for the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, which is held at the same venue three weeks later.

text:
# Prix Niel

Prix Niel
| 2024 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |
| Sosie | Delius | Look De Vega |

| Previous years | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2023 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Fantastic Moon | Feed The Flame | Bravais |
| 2022 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Simca Mille | Lassaut | True Testament |
| 2021 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Bubble Gift | Baby Rider | Timour |

| 2020-2011 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2019 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Sottsass | Mutamakina | Mohawk |
| 2018 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Brundtland | Hunting Horn | Neufbosc |
| 2017 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Cracksman | Avilius | Finche |
| 2016 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Makahiki | Midterm | Doha Dream |
| 2015 | | |
|  |  |  |
| New Bay | Silverwave | Migwar |
| 2014 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Ectot | Teletext | Adelaide |
| 2013 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Kizuna | Ruler Of The World | Ocovango |
| 2012 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Saonois | Bayrir | Last Train |
| 2011 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Reliable Man | Meandre | Vadamar |

| 2010–2001 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Behkabad | Planteur | Kidnapping |
| 2009 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Cavalryman | Carthage | Aizavoski |
| 2008 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Vision D'Etat | Ideal World | Centennial |
| 2007 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Soldier Of Fortune | Sagara | Zambezi Sun |
| 2006 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Rail Link | Youmzain | Sudan |
| 2005 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Hurricane Run | Runaway | Perfect Hedge |
| 2004 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Valixir | Prospect Park | Bago |
| 2003 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Dalakhani | Doyen | Kris Kin |
| 2002 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Sulamani | Gulf News | Morozov |
| 2001 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Golan | Anabaa Blue | Chichicastenango |

| 2000-1990 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Sinndar | Crimson Quest | Sobieski |
| 1999 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Montjeu | Bienamado | First Magnitude |
| 1998 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Sagamix | Croco Rouge | Dream Well |
| 1997 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Rajpoute | Peintre Celebre | Ivan Luis |
| 1996 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Helissio | Darazari | Radevore |
| 1995 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Housamix | Poliglote | Winged Love |
| 1994 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Carnegie | Northern Spur | Sunshack |
| 1993 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Hernando | Dernier Empereur | Dancienne |
| 1992 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Songlines | Petit Loup | Apple Tree |
| 1991 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Subotica | Pistolet Bleu | Arcangues |
| 1990 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Epervier Bleu | Antisaar | Passing Sale |
|  | | |

The **Prix Niel** is a Group 2 flat horse race in France open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run at Longchamp over a distance of 2,400 metres (about 1½ miles), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September.

The race serves as a trial for the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, which is held at the same venue three weeks later.

## History

A precursor of the race called the Prix de Chantilly was formerly staged at Chantilly in early September. It was open to horses aged three or older, and for a period its distance was 3,100 metres. It was subsequently transferred to Longchamp and run over 3,000 metres. It was shortened to 2,400 metres in 1952, and reduced to 2,300 metres in 1953.

The Prix de Chantilly was restricted to three-year-olds when a separate event was introduced for older horses in 1955. The new race was initially titled the Prix Henri Foy, and from this point the Prix de Chantilly was contested over 2,400 metres.

The race was cut to 2,000 metres in 1960, and restored to 2,400 metres the following year. It was switched to Chantilly in 1964, and returned to Longchamp with a length of 2,100 metres in 1966. It was extended to 2,200 metres in 1968.

The event was renamed in memory of Gaston Niel (1880–1970), a long-serving member of the Société d'Encouragement, in 1972. For several years the Prix Niel held Group 3 status. It was increased to 2,400 metres in 1979, and promoted to Group 2 level in 1987.

The Prix Niel became part of the Breeders' Cup Challenge series in 2010, with the winner earning an automatic invitation to compete in the Breeders' Cup Turf. It was removed from the series in 2012.

Twelve winners of the race have achieved victory in the same year's Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe. The first was Sica Boy in 1954, and the most recent Rail Link in 2006.

Prix Niel is eligible for geldings from 2020. Due to the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic, 2020 Prix Niel are not run, and are replaced by the Grand Prix de Paris.

## Records

**Leading jockey since 1952 (4 wins):**

* Yves Saint-Martin*Nelcius (1966), Akarad (1981), Sagace (1983), Mouktar (1985)*
* Freddy Head*Taj Dewan (1967), Mississipian (1974), Gay Mecene (1978), Cariellor (1984)*

**Leading trainer since 1952 (12 wins):**

* André Fabre*Cariellor (1984), Trempolino (1987), Subotica (1991), Carnegie (1994), Housamix (1995), Sagamix (1998), Valixir (2004), Hurricane Run (2005), Rail Link (2006), Cavalryman (2009), New Bay (2015), Sosie (2024)*

**Leading owner since 1952 (5 wins):**

* HH Aga Khan IV*Akarad (1981), Mouktar (1985), Sinndar (2000), Dalakhani (2003), Behkabad (2010)*

## Winners since 1978

| Year | Winner | Jockey | Trainer | Owner | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1978 | Gay Mecene | Freddy Head | Alec Head | Jacques Wertheimer | 2:18.00 |
| 1979 | Le Marmot | Philippe Paquet | François Boutin | Rodolph Schafer | 2:37.70 |
| 1980 | Prince Bee | Willie Carson | Dick Hern | Sir Michael Sobell | 2:32.30 |
| 1981 | Akarad | Yves Saint-Martin | François Mathet | Aga Khan IV | 2:30.40 |
| 1982 | Bon Sang | Alfred Gibert | Mitri Saliba | Mahmoud Fustok |  |
| 1983 | Sagace | Yves Saint-Martin | Patrick Biancone | Daniel Wildenstein | 2:43.50 |
| 1984 | Cariellor | Freddy Head | André Fabre | Suzy Volterra |  |
| 1985 | Mouktar | Yves Saint-Martin | Alain de Royer-Dupré | Aga Khan IV | 2:30.60 |
| 1986 | Bering | Gary W. Moore | Criquette Head | Ghislaine Head | 2:36.80 |
| 1987 | Trempolino | Pat Eddery | André Fabre | Paul de Moussac | 2:38.40 |
| 1988 | Fijar Tango | Tony Cruz | Georges Mikhalidès | Mahmoud Fustok | 2:34.60 |
| 1989 | Golden Pheasant | Tony Cruz | Jonathan Pease | Bruce McNall | 2:32.50 |
| 1990 | Epervier Bleu | Dominique Boeuf | Élie Lellouche | Daniel Wildenstein | 2:32.00 |
| 1991 | Subotica | Thierry Jarnet | André Fabre | Olivier Lecerf | 2:28.50 |
| 1992 | Songlines | Olivier Benoist | Edouard Bartholomew | Sir Robin McAlpine | 2:32.80 |
| 1993 | Hernando | Cash Asmussen | François Boutin | Stavros Niarchos | 2:36.70 |
| 1994 | Carnegie | Thierry Jarnet | André Fabre | Sheikh Mohammed | 2:34.90 |
| 1995 | Housamix | Thierry Jarnet | André Fabre | Jean-Luc Lagardère | 2:36.10 |
| 1996 | Helissio | Olivier Peslier | Élie Lellouche | Enrique Sarasola | 2:30.40 |
| 1997 | Rajpoute | Gérald Mossé | François Doumen | John Martin | 2:30.90 |
| 1998 | Sagamix | Olivier Peslier | André Fabre | Jean-Luc Lagardère | 2:41.30 |
| 1999 | Montjeu | Michael Kinane | John Hammond | Michael Tabor | 2:32.80 |
| 2000 | Sinndar | Johnny Murtagh | John Oxx | Aga Khan IV | 2:26.40 |
| 2001 | Golan | Kieren Fallon | Sir Michael Stoute | Lord Weinstock | 2:27.00 |
| 2002 | Sulamani | Thierry Thulliez | Pascal Bary | Niarchos Family | 3:12.80 |
| 2003 | Dalakhani | Christophe Soumillon | Alain de Royer-Dupré | Aga Khan IV | 2:27.60 |
| 2004 | Valixir | Éric Legrix | André Fabre | Lagardère Family | 2:29.40 |
| 2005 | Hurricane Run | Kieren Fallon | André Fabre | Michael Tabor | 2:30.70 |
| 2006 | Rail Link | Christophe Soumillon | André Fabre | Khalid Abdullah | 2:31.90 |
| 2007 | Soldier of Fortune | Johnny Murtagh | Aidan O'Brien | Magnier / Smith / Tabor | 2:25.60 |
| 2008 | Vision d'Etat | Ioritz Mendizabal | Eric Libaud | Detré / Libaud | 2:27.40 |
| 2009 | Cavalryman | Frankie Dettori | André Fabre | Godolphin | 2:30.10 |
| 2010 | Behkabad | Christophe Lemaire | Jean-Claude Rouget | Aga Khan IV | 2:30.80 |
| 2011 | Reliable Man | Gérald Mossé | Alain de Royer-Dupré | Pride Racing Club | 2:32.43 |
| 2012 | Saonois | Antoine Hamelin | Jean-Pierre Gauvin | Pascal Treyve | 2:35.31 |
| 2013 | Kizuna | Yutaka Take | Shozo Sasaki | Shinji Maeda | 2:37.64 |
| 2014 | Ectot | Grégory Benoist | Élie Lellouche | Al Shaqab Racing | 2:26.36 |
| 2015 | New Bay | Vincent Cheminaud | André Fabre | Khalid Abdullah | 2:35.10 |
| 2016 | Makahiki | Christophe Lemaire | Yasuo Tomoichi | Makoto Keneko | 2:35.84 |
| 2017 | Cracksman | Frankie Dettori | John Gosden | Anthony Oppenheimer | 2:37.78 |
| 2018 | Brundtland | James Doyle | Charlie Appleby | Godolphin | 2:31.55 |
| 2019 | Sottsass | Cristian Demuro | Jean-Claude Rouget | White Birch Farm | 2:27.46 |
| 2020 | *no race* |  |  |  |
| 2021 | Bubble Gift | Gérald Mossé | Mikel Delzangles | Zak Bloodstock | 2:34.63 |
| 2022 | Simca Mille | Grégory Benoist | Stephane Wattel | Haras De La Perelle & S Wattel | 2:32.81 |
| 2023 | Fantastic Moon | Rene Piechulek | Sarah Steinberg | Liberty Racing | 2:33.20 |
| 2024 | Sosie | Maxime Guyon | André Fabre | Wertheimer et Frère | 2:34.33 |

## Earlier winners

* 1952:
* 1953: Shikampur
* 1954: Sica Boy
* 1955: Walhalla
* 1956:
* 1957: Amber
* 1958: Upstart
* 1959: Montrouge
* 1960: Puissant Chef
* 1961: Devon
* 1962: Kistinie
* 1963: Le Mesnil
* 1964: Sigebert
* 1965: Super Sam
* 1966: Nelcius
* 1967: Taj Dewan
* 1968: Vaguely Noble
* 1969: Belbury
* 1970: Stintino
* 1971: Arlequino
* 1972: Hard to Beat
* 1973: Dahlia
* 1974: Mississipian
* 1975: Anne's Pretender
* 1976: Youth
* 1977: Crystal Palace

1. Geldings' green light in French Group races
2. French racing to restart with four Group races and Monday slot for the Guineas

---

## InfoBox

Prix Niel
| Group 2 race | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Longchamp Racecourse
Paris, France |
| Inaugurated | 1864 |
| Race type | Flat / Thoroughbred |
| Sponsor | Qatar |
| Website | france-galop.com |
| Race information | |
| Distance | 2,400 metres (1½ miles) |
| Surface | Turf |
| Track | Right-handed |
| Qualification | Three-year-olds |
| Weight | 58 kg
**Allowances**
1½ kg for fillies |
| Purse | €130,000 *(2021)*
**1st:** €74,100 |


title: Njuškalo

abstract: Njuskalo.hr is a Croatian classified ads website. It is part of the Styria Media Group and is among top 10 visited websites in Croatia. As of 2018, Njuškalo.hr had 1,4 million users who were selling 250,000 items per month, making it the biggest Croatian classified ads website.

text:
# Njuškalo

**Njuskalo.hr** is a Croatian classified ads website. It is part of the Styria Media Group and is among top 10 visited websites in Croatia. As of 2018, Njuškalo.hr had 1,4 million users who were selling 250,000 items per month, making it the biggest Croatian classified ads website.

## InfoBox

Njuškalo
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Type of site | E-commerce |
| Available in | Croatian |
| Area served | Croatia, Slovenia |
| Owner | Styria Media Group |
| Revenue | €7.3 million (2017) |
| Net income | €1.2 million (2017) |
| Employees | 85 (2017) |
| URL | www.njuskalo.hr |
| Commercial | Yes |
| Registration | Optional |
| Users | 1.4 million (2018) |
| Launched | September 2007 |
| Current status | Online |


title: Paralaudakia microlepis

abstract: Paralaudakia microlepis, the smallscaled rock agama, is an agamid lizard found in Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Turkmenistan.

text:
# Paralaudakia microlepis

***Paralaudakia microlepis***, the **smallscaled rock agama**, is an agamid lizard found in Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Turkmenistan.

## InfoBox

| *Paralaudakia microlepis* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Iguania |
| Family: | Agamidae |
| Genus: | *Paralaudakia* |
| Species: | ***P. microlepis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Paralaudakia microlepis***
(Blanford, 1874) | |
|


title: Shantaram Tukaram More

abstract: Shantaram Tukaram More is a member of the 13th Maharashtra Legislative Assembly. He represents the Bhiwandi Rural Assembly Constituency. He belongs to the Shiv Sena.

text:
# Shantaram Tukaram More

**Shantaram Tukaram More** is a member of the 13th Maharashtra Legislative Assembly. He represents the Bhiwandi Rural Assembly Constituency. He belongs to the Shiv Sena.

## Positions held

* 2014: Elected to Maharashtra Legislative Assembly

## InfoBox

| Shantaram More | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office** <br>2014 | |
| Constituency | Bhiwandi Rural |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Political party | Balasahebanchi Shiv Sena |
|  | |


title: Prague 11

abstract: Prague 11 is a municipal district in Prague, Czech Republic. It is located in the south eastern part, 8 km from the City Center. The district is split into two parts, mainly from the perspective of pedestrians, by the south-eastern highway to Brno. Praha 11 comprises Chodov, Opatov and Háje on one side and Roztyly on the other side. Praha 11 is mostly residential district because of the huge panel housing estate called Jižní Město. At the beginning of 2016, it had 77,175 inhabitants. With the city centre it is connected by metro line C. The administrative district of the same name consists of municipal districts Prague 11, Křeslice, Šeberov and Újezd.

text:
# Prague 11

**Prague 11** is a municipal district (*městská část*) in Prague, Czech Republic. It is located in the south eastern part, 8 km from the City Center.

The district is split into two parts, mainly from the perspective of pedestrians, by the south-eastern highway to Brno. Praha 11 comprises Chodov, Opatov and Háje on one side and Roztyly on the other side.

Praha 11 is mostly residential district because of the huge panel housing estate called Jižní Město. At the beginning of 2016, it had 77,175 inhabitants. With the city centre it is connected by metro line C.

The administrative district (*správní obvod*) of the same name consists of municipal districts Prague 11, Křeslice, Šeberov and Újezd.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 772 |  |
| 1880 | 800 | +3.6% |
| 1890 | 861 | +7.6% |
| 1900 | 999 | +16.0% |
| 1910 | 1,128 | +12.9% |
| 1921 | 1,016 | −9.9% |
| 1930 | 2,132 | +109.8% |
| 1950 | 4,913 | +130.4% |
| 1961 | 5,310 | +8.1% |
| 1970 | 5,111 | −3.7% |
| 1980 | 59,625 | +1066.6% |
| 1991 | 86,425 | +44.9% |
| 2001 | 81,245 | −6.0% |
| 2011 | 75,741 | −6.8% |
| 2021 | 72,102 | −4.8% |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## InfoBox

| Prague 11 Praha 11 | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipal District of Prague
Administrative District of Prague | |
| Aerial view of Jižní Město | |
|  | |
| Location of Prague 11 in Prague | |
| Coordinates: 50°1′43″N 14°31′54″E / 50.02861°N 14.53167°E / 50.02861; 14.53167 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | Prague |
| Government | |
| Mayor | PhDr. Šárka Zdeňková |
| Area | |
| Total | 9.80 km2 (3.78 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 72,102 |
| Density | 7,400/km2 (19,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 148 00, 149 00 |
| Website | http://www.praha11.cz/en/ |


abstract: The Province of the Anglican Church of the Congo is a province of the Anglican Communion, stretching over the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo.

text:
# Province of the Anglican Church of the Congo

The **Province of the Anglican Church of the Congo** (French: **Province de l'Église anglicane du Congo**) is a province of the Anglican Communion, stretching over the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo.

## History

Formal Anglican structures were established in Boga-Zaire from the 1930s. Metropolitical authority came from the Archbishop of Canterbury until in 1965 the 'Province of Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and Boga-Zaire' was established. Following expansion, Uganda became an independent province, leaving the rest of the region as the 'Province of Rwanda, Burundi, and Zaire'. In 1992 the three countries of the united Province each gained independence under their own individual Metropolitan Archbishop, and the Church of the Province of Zaire came into existence. Their first Archbishop was Patrice Njojo. In 1997, to reflect the change in name of the nation, the church became known as the Province of the Anglican Church of the Congo. Archbishop Njojo was succeeded by Fidèle Dirokpa in 2003, who held office until 2009. The Most Rev. Henri Isingoma was elected the third Archbishop of the Congo on April 28, 2009. Most of the Congolese Anglicans lives in the eastern Swahili speaking region of the country, the most damaged part of Congo due to two civil wars. The Diocese of Kinshasa also includes part of the Republic of the Congo.

## Archbishop of the Congo

The Archbishop of the Congo, known as Zaire until 1997, is both Metropolitan and Primate. The holders of the office have been:

## Dioceses

The Anglican Church of the Congo has 14 dioceses with one missionary area in Kalemie.

## Anglican realignment

The Anglican Church of the Congo is a member of the Global South and the Global Anglican Future Conference, and is involved at the Anglican realignment. In June 2012, Archbishop Henri Isingoma attended the Provincial Assembly of the Anglican Church in North America, in Ridgecrest, North Carolina, to show is full support for the new province in creation of the Anglican Communion. While involved in the Anglican realignment, the Anglican Church of the Congo has also shared ministry partnerships and continued to share communion with The Episcopal Church, based in the US. Additionally, the Anglican Church of the Congo, in 2015, reaffirmed its membership in the Anglican Communion, including with The Episcopal Church.

On April 29, 2012, Henri Isingoma expressed his official approval for the temporary admission of the Anglican Mission in the Americas, a former missionary organization of the Anglican Church of Rwanda, at the Anglican Church of Congo until his future was clarified. After that period, Isingoma stated that the Anglican Church of the Congo would work with the AMiA exclusively as a Missionary Society.

Archbishop Isingoma attended GAFCON II, which took place in Nairobi, Kenya, from 21 to 26 October 2013. The province was represented at GAFCON III, held in Jerusalem, on 17–22 June 2018, by a 34 members delegation.

## Further reading

* *Anglicanism*, Neill, Stephen. Harmondsworth, 1965.

## InfoBox

| Province of the Anglican Church of the Congo | |
| --- | --- |
| Classification | Protestant |
| Orientation | Anglican |
| Scripture | Holy Bible |
| Theology | Anglican doctrine |
| Polity | Episcopal |
| Primate | Georges Titre Ande |
| Associations | Anglican Communion, GAFCON, Global South |
| Headquarters | Kinshasa |
| Territory | Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo |
| Members | c. 500,000 |
| Official website | http://www.anglicancongo.org/ |


title: Prochasma

abstract: Prochasma is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae described by Warren in 1897.

text:
# Prochasma

***Prochasma*** is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae described by Warren in 1897.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Prochasma* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Tribe: | Boarmiini |
| Genus: | ***Prochasma***<br>Warren, 1897 |
|


title: Zhu Yawen

abstract:
Zhu Yawen is a Chinese actor. He appeared in the films The Witness and The Founding of an Army; and the television series Red Sorghum and Empress of the Ming. In 2018, he took part in variety show The Sound and became champion.
In 2019, he joined the variety show Keep Running as a cast member. Zhu ranked 80th on Forbes China Celebrity 100 list in 2019.

text:
# Zhu Yawen

**Zhu Yawen** (Chinese: 朱亚文, born April 1984) is a Chinese actor. He appeared in the films *The Witness* and *The Founding of an Army*; and the television series *Red Sorghum* and *Empress of the Ming*. In 2018, he took part in variety show The Sound and became champion. In 2019, he joined the variety show *Keep Running* as a cast member.

Zhu ranked 80th on *Forbes* China Celebrity 100 list in 2019.

## Early life

Born on 21 April 1984, Zhu attended Beijing Film Academy.

## Personal life

Zhu married Shen Jiani in 2016. They have two children together.

## Career

Zhu rose to fame for his role in the 2006 war drama *Pathfinding to the Northeast*. The drama was critically acclaimed, and received the Golden Eagle Award for Best Television Series (China) and the Flying Apsaras Award for Outstanding Television Series.

This was followed with a leading role in another war drama *The Ultimate Master of War* in 2009, which established his popularity in China. The same year, he starred in the military drama *Great Northern Wilderness*, which received the Flying Apsaras Awards for Outstanding Television Series.

In 2010, Zhu starred in the romance drama *Army Stories in Highland* and received acclaim for his performance.

In 2011, Zhu was awarded the Asian New Talent award at the Shanghai International Film Festival.

In 2012, Zhu was nominated at the International Emmy Award for his performance in the aviation war drama *Flying Eagle*.

In 2014, Zhu starred alongside Zhou Xun in the television adaptation of *Red Sorghum* by Mo Yan. However, his portrayal of the male lead Yu Zhan'ao, was criticized as stiff and unnatural. The same year, he featured in the biographical film *The Golden Era* directed by Ann Hui, playing the role of Duanmu Hongliang.

In 2015, Zhu starred alongside Ma Yili in *Swan Dive for Love*, a modern drama which narrates the story of a white-collar couple striving to make themselves richer amid a series of challenges. Zhu won the Best Actor award in the contemporary drama category for his performance. The same year, he played the antagonist in crime thriller *The Witness*.

In 2019, Zhu starred in the historical drama *Empress of the Ming*, portraying Zhu Zhanji.

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | English title | Chinese title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2007 | *A Revolutionist and His Mother* | 星星之火 | Wang Jinmei |  |
| 2011 | *You Are My Brother* | 你是我兄弟 | Zheng Shiyi |  |
| 2012 | *Mystery* | 浮城謎事 | Qin Feng |  |
| 2014 | *The Golden Era* | 黃金時代 | Duanmu Hongliang |  |
| 2015 | *Bride Wars* | 新娘大作战 | Luo Dan |  |
| 2015 | *The Witness* | 我是证人 | Tang Zheng |  |
| 2016 | *When Larry Met Mary* | 陆垚知马俐 | Zhao Ben |  |
| 2017 | *The Founding of an Army* | 建军大业 | Zhou Enlai |  |
| 2018 | *The Poet* | 诗人 | Li Wu |  |
| 2019 | *Welcome to Bear Town* | 欢迎来到熊仁镇 | He Bi |  |
| | *The Captain* | 中国机长 |  |  |
| 2021 | *Cliff Walkers* | 悬崖之上 | Chu Liang |  |
| | *The Battle at Lake Changjin* | 长津湖 | Mei Sheng |  |
| 2022 | *The Battle at Lake Changjin II* | 长津湖之水门桥 | Mei Sheng |  |
| 2023 | *The Volunteers: To the War* | 志愿军：雄兵出击 | Wu Benzheng |  |
|

### Television series

| Year | English title | Chinese title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2004 | *Winter Passing* | 走过冬季 | Ling Lingling |  |
| 2005 |  | 阳光雨季 | Yue Chaofei |  |
| 2006 | *Step Brothers* | 非亲兄弟 | Chen Tianyu |  |
| 2007 |  | 雪琉璃 | Li Ke |  |
| 2008 | *Pathfinding to the Northeast* | 闯关东 | Zhu Chuanwu |  |
| |  | 豪门金枝 | Zhong Lin |  |
| 2009 | *Army Stories in Highland* | 高地 | Wang Qi |  |
| | *Great Northern Wilderness* | 情系北大荒 | Chi Pao |  |
| | *Memories of The Golden Flame* | 烽火影人 | Ouyang Pusheng |  |
| | *The Ultimate Master of War* | 兵圣 | Sun Wu |  |
| 2010 |  | 市委书记日记 | Han Xia |  |
| | *Red Sorghum* | 高粱红了 | Lin Yusheng |  |
| | *Love in the Vast Land* | 爱在苍茫大地 | Wen Mingyuan |  |
| 2011 | *Flying Eagle* | 远去的飞鹰 | Gao Zhihang |  |
| 2012 | *My Natasha* | 我的娜塔莎 | Chong Tiande |  |
| | *Nos Annees Francaises* | 我们的法兰西岁月 | Zhou Enlai |  |
| 2013 | *The Blood Brothers* | 铁血兄弟 | Jiang Liu |  |
| | *The Story of Zheng Yang Gate* | 正阳门下 | Han Chunming |  |
| 2014 |  | 地火 | Li Zhongming |  |
| | *Red Sorghum* | 红高粱 | Yu Zhanao |  |
| 2015 | *Say No For Youth* | 天生要完美 | Yun Tianyao |  |
| | *Swan Dive for Love* | 北上广不相信眼泪 | Zhao Xiaoliang |  |
| 2016 | *Two Families* | 姐妹兄弟 | Song Jianguo |  |
| | *Happy Mitan* | 欢喜密探 |  | Cameo |
| | *City Still Believe in Love* | 北上广依然相信爱情 | Wang Mao |  |
| 2017 | *Across The Ocean To See You* | 漂洋过海来看你 | Zheng Chu |  |
| 2018 | *Partners* | 合伙人 | Gu Dongqing |  |
| 2019 | *Empress of the Ming* | 大明风华 | Zhu Zhanji |  |
| 2020 | *Kidnapping Game* | 绑架游戏 | Yu Hai |  |
| | *Together* | 在一起 | Dr. Li Jian Hui |  |
| 2021 | *The Lion's Secret* | 赖猫的狮子倒影 | Liu Qing |  |
| TBA | *The Investigator* | 商业调查师 | Xia Dong |  |
| | *A Love Never Lost* | 人生若如初见 | Yu Tian Bai |  |
| |

### Variety show

| Year | English title | Chinese title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 | *Real Hero* | 真心英雄 | Cast member |  |
| 2019 | *Keep Running* | 奔跑吧 | Cast member |  |
|

## Discography

### Singles

| Year | English title | Chinese title | Album | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 | "Today You Will Marry Me" | 今天你要嫁给我 | *Bride Wars OST* | with Angelababy, Chen Xiao and Ni Ni |
| 2019 |  | "造亿万吨光芒" | *Keep Running* theme song | With Li Chen, Angelababy, Zheng Kai, Wang Yanlin, Lucas Wong and Song Yuqi |

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Nominated work | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2011 | 14th Shanghai International Film Festival | Asian New Talent Award |  | Won |  |
| 2012 | 40th International Emmy Award | Best Performance by an Actor | *Flying Eagle* | Nominated |  |
| 2014 | 21st Shanghai Television Festival | Best Actor | *Red Sorghum* | Nominated |  |
| 2016 | 3rd Asia Rainbow TV Awards | Best Actor (Modern Drama) | | Won |  |
| | 19th Huading Awards | Best Actor (Contemporary Drama) | *Swan Dive for Love* | Won |  |
| 2017 | 31st Golden Rooster Awards | Best Supporting Actor | *When Larry Met Mary* | Nominated |  |
| 2018 | 34th Hundred Flowers Awards | Best Actor | *The Founding of an Army* | Nominated |  |
| 2019 | 17th Golden Phoenix Awards | Society Award | | Won |  |
| | 6th The Actors of China Award Ceremony | Best Actor (Emerald Category) | *Partners* | Nominated |  |
| 2020 | 7th The Actors of China Award Ceremony | Best Actor (Sapphire) |  | Pending |  |
|

## InfoBox

| Zhu Yawen | |
| --- | --- |
| 朱亚文 | |
| Born | (1984-04-21) April 21, 1984<br>Jiangsu, China |
| Nationality | Chinese |
| Alma mater | Beijing Film Academy |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 2002–present |
| Agent | Easy Entertainment |
| Spouse | Shen Jiani (m. 2016) |
| Children | 2 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Chinese name | |
| Simplified Chinese | 朱亚文 |
| Traditional Chinese | 朱亞文 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Zhū Yàwén | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Mauro Lustrinelli

abstract: Mauro "Lustri" Lustrinelli is a Swiss professional football coach and a former second striker. He is the current coach of FC Thun. He is also a former player of the Swiss national team. He has a Bachelor of Business Administration and wrote a thesis about the Italian Serie A.

text:
# Mauro Lustrinelli

**Mauro "Lustri" Lustrinelli** (born 26 February 1976) is a Swiss professional football coach and a former second striker. He is the current coach of FC Thun. He is also a former player of the Swiss national team. He has a Bachelor of Business Administration and wrote a thesis about the Italian Serie A.

## Career

He started his professional career at the club AC Bellinzona in 1994 and played for them until 2001. Then he transferred to FC Wil and played there for the next three seasons before transferring to FC Thun in 2004. In 2005, he was the Swiss Super League's second highest goalscorer with 20 goals scored and also qualified with the club for the UEFA Champions League. In 2006, he signed for Sparta Prague but after one year at the club he returned to Switzerland and joined FC Luzern in order to play first team football leading up to UEFA EURO 2008 in Austria & Switzerland. After one season he returned 2008 to AC Bellinzona, where he started his career as a professional back in 1994.

## International career

Lustrinelli made his debut for the Swiss national team on 17 August 2005 in a friendly match against Norway, having at that time won a total of six international caps for the team. He is also part of the Swiss team at the 2006 FIFA World Cup finals in Germany. On 19 June 2006, he was substituted in to play the last four minutes of the Swiss team's World Cup group match against Togo and after only one minute of playing he created the assist that allowed Tranquillo Barnetta to score the goal for the final 2–0 win for Switzerland, giving them a real chance of passing the group stage. The 2006 FIFA World Cup was his last appearance in the Swiss jersey. He was not selected for the UEFA Euro 2008.

## Personal life

Lustrinelli is of Italian descent through his father, who is originally from Molise. Being originally from the northern part of Ticino (the Sopraceneri), Lustrinelli grew up close to the referee Massimo Busacca who represented Switzerland at the FIFA World Cup 2006. Within their close friends in Ticino, Lustrinelli and Massimo are known as "twin brothers."

In Ticino, the Canton where Lustrinelli is originally from, after the great game against Togo a fanatical "Lustrimania" exploded. In some places, this fanaticism was expressed with such intensity that students, so-called "Lustrini", were prohibited from wearing Lustrinelli's national team shirt to school.

## InfoBox

Mauro Lustrinelli
| Lustrinelli with FC Thun in 2011 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Mauro Lustrinelli | | |
| Date of birth | (1976-02-26) 26 February 1976 | | |
| Place of birth | Bellinzona, Switzerland | | |
| Height | 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Striker | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Thun (manager) | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 1986–1989 | US Giubiasco | | |
| 1989–1992 | AC Bellinzona | | |
| 1992–1994 | US Giubiasco | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1994–2001 | Bellinzona | 164 | (109) |
| 2001–2004 | FC Wil | 79 | (22) |
| 2004–2006 | FC Thun | 66 | (36) |
| 2006–2007 | Sparta Prague | 25 | (6) |
| 2007–2008 | FC Luzern | 43 | (16) |
| 2008–2011 | AC Bellinzona | 77 | (34) |
| 2010 | Young Boys (loan) | 12 | (3) |
| 2011 | FC Thun | 18 | (4) |
| Total |  | **484** | **(230)** |
| International career | | | |
| 2005–2008 | Switzerland | 12 | (0) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 2012 | Thun | | |
| 2017 | Thun | | |
| 2018–2022 | Switzerland U21 | | |
| 2022– | Thun | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Prežganje

abstract: Prežganje is a settlement in the hills east of Ljubljana in Slovenia. It belongs to the City Municipality of Ljubljana. It is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region. The local parish church is dedicated to Saint Margaret and belongs to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ljubljana. It is a Baroque church built in 1777.

text:
# Prežganje

**Prežganje** (pronounced \[pɾɛˈʒɡaːnjɛ\]) is a settlement in the hills east of Ljubljana in Slovenia. It belongs to the City Municipality of Ljubljana. It is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

The local parish church is dedicated to Saint Margaret and belongs to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ljubljana. It is a Baroque church built in 1777.

## InfoBox

| Prežganje | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| PrežganjeLocation in Slovenia | |
| Coordinates: 46°1′22.71″N 14°43′31.9″E / 46.0229750°N 14.725528°E / 46.0229750; 14.725528 | |
| Country | Slovenia |
| Traditional region | Lower Carniola |
| Statistical region | Central Slovenia |
| Municipality | Ljubljana |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.73 km2 (0.67 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 590.4 m (1,937.0 ft) |
| Population (2002) | |
| Total | 120 |
|  | |


title: Paralbara achlyscarleta

abstract: Paralbara achlyscarleta is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It was described by Hong-Fu Chu and Lin-Yao Wang in 1987. It is found in China.

text:
# Paralbara achlyscarleta

***Paralbara achlyscarleta*** is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It was described by Hong-Fu Chu and Lin-Yao Wang in 1987. It is found in China.

## InfoBox

| *Paralbara achlyscarleta* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Drepanidae |
| Genus: | *Paralbara* |
| Species: | ***P. achlyscarleta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Paralbara achlyscarleta***<br>Chu & Wang, 1987 | |
|


title: Potassium nitride

abstract:
Potassium nitride is an unstable chemical compound. Several syntheses were erroneously claimed in the 19th century, and by 1894 it was assumed that it did not exist. However, a synthesis of this compound was claimed in 2004. It is observed to have the anti-TiI3 structure below 233 K, although a Li3P-type structure should be more stable. Above this temperature, it converts to an orthorhombic phase. This compound was produced by the reaction of potassium metal and liquid nitrogen at 77 K under vacuum:
  - 6K + N2 → 2K3N This compound decomposes back into potassium and nitrogen at room temperature. This compound is unstable due to steric hindrance.

text:
# Potassium nitride

**Potassium nitride** is an unstable chemical compound. Several syntheses were erroneously claimed in the 19th century, and by 1894 it was assumed that it did not exist.

However, a synthesis of this compound was claimed in 2004. It is observed to have the anti-TiI
3 structure below 233 K (−40 °C; −40 °F), although a Li
3P-type structure should be more stable. Above this temperature, it converts to an orthorhombic phase. This compound was produced by the reaction of potassium metal and liquid nitrogen at 77 K (−196.2 °C; −321.1 °F) under vacuum:

6K + N2 → 2K3N

This compound decomposes back into potassium and nitrogen at room temperature.

This compound is unstable due to steric hindrance.

## InfoBox

Potassium nitride
| Names | |
| --- | --- |
| IUPAC name Potassium nitride | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/3K.N/q3\*+1;-3Key: TYTMEVSIRLGALE-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
| SMILES * \[K+\].\[K+\].\[K+\].\[N-3\] | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | K3N |
| Molar mass | 131.3016 g/mol |
| Appearance | Slightly yellow crystalline solid |
| Melting point | 263 K (−10 °C; 14 °F) (decomposes) |
| Related compounds | |
| Other cations | Lithium nitride
Sodium nitride |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


title: Millhead F.C.

abstract: Millhead Football Club are a football club based in the village of Millhead, near Carnforth, England. Millhead have existed since at least the 1920s. As of 2024–25, they play in Division 3 of the Westmorland League.

text:
# Millhead F.C.

**Millhead Football Club** are a football club based in the village of Millhead, near Carnforth, England.

Millhead have existed since at least the 1920s. As of 2024–25, they play in Division 3 of the Westmorland League.

## Iodine Park

Millhead play their home games at Iodine Park. A former gravel pit, the name was acquired in the 1950s due to the wounds received by players from stones in the topsoil: iodine being traditionally used to treat such injuries. GAA club Clanna Gael used to play at a ground with the same nickname, so-called again for its propensity to cause injury.

Junior teams from nearby Warton also play at Iodine Park.

In the 2020 book *British Football's Greatest Grounds* by Mike Bayly, Iodine Park was voted one of the top grounds to visit in the country. Bayly writes:

> Shoehorned into a disused quarry at the end of a narrow grit road, with a pitch that barely exceeds minimum width requirements, Iodine Park has carved a reputation as one of the most unique football venues in Britain.

Iodine Park has been described as "A National Treasure". Its unusual features led to it be featured on the Spanish football show El día después in 2019. It also featured in a Sky TV documentary called *Mission to Burnley*.

## InfoBox

Millhead
| Full name | Millhead Football Club |
| --- | --- |
| Ground | Iodine Park |
| Coordinates | 54°08′09″N 2°46′08″W / 54.1357°N 2.7688°W / 54.1357; -2.7688 |
| League | Westmorland League<br>Division 3 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Psilolechia

abstract: Psilolechia is a genus of four species of crustose lichens. It is the only member of Psilolechiaceae, a family that was created in 2014 to contain this genus.

text:
# Psilolechia

***Psilolechia*** is a genus of four species of crustose lichens. It is the only member of **Psilolechiaceae**, a family that was created in 2014 to contain this genus.

## Taxonomy

The genus *Psilolechia* was established by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1860. Formerly classified in the family Pilocarpaceae, molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that *Psilolechia* represented a distinct lineage that deserved placement at the familial level, the Psilolechiaceae, which was formally circumscribed in 2014. This arrangement was accepted in later large-scale updates of fungal classification. Psilolechiaceae is in the order Lecanorales, in the suborder Sphaerophorineae, which also includes the families Pilocarpaceae, Psoraceae, and Ramalinaceae.

## Description

Psilolechiaceae is a monogeneric family of crustose lichens with effuse, ecorticate (lacking a cortex), leprose thalli formed by goniocysts (aggregations of photobiont cells surrounded by short-celled hyphae) containing *Trebouxia* or stichococcoid algae. The apothecia lack a distinct margin, and the asci are 8-spored and have a cylindrical to clavate shape. They feature a central, elongated tube-like structure, and a non-amyloid ascus wall surrounded by a thin outer layer. Both the tube-like structure and the thin outer layer stain dark blue in K/I. Ascospores are oblong-ovoid to tear-shaped, simple (rarely 1-septate in *P. leprosa*), and hyaline.

## Species

*Psilolechia* contains four species:

*Psilolechia* species grow in locations that are humid and shaded. *P. leprosa* tends to grow on mineral-enriched rocks and siliceous rocks, and is often recorded around old mines.

## InfoBox

| *Psilolechia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Psilolechia lucida* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Lecanorales |
| Family: | Psilolechiaceae
S. Stenroos, Miadl. & Lutzoni (2014) |
| Genus: | *Psilolechia*
A.Massal. (1860) |
|
| Type species | |
| *Psilolechia lucida*
(Ach.) M.Choisy (1949) | |
| Species | |
|  | |


title: Prochilodus nigricans

abstract: Prochilodus nigricans, or black prochilodus, is a species of prochilodontid fish from the Amazon Basin in South America. It supports major fisheries; according to IBAMA, it is the third most caught taxon in the Brazilian Amazon by weight, after Brachyplatystoma vaillantii and Semaprochilodus spp. The black prochilodus is migratory, moving between different parts of the Amazon. The black prochilodus reaches up to 45 cm (18 in) in total length and 1.2 kg (2.6 lb) in weight.

text:
# Prochilodus nigricans

***Prochilodus nigricans***, or **black prochilodus**, is a species of prochilodontid fish from the Amazon Basin in South America. It supports major fisheries; according to IBAMA, it is the third most caught taxon in the Brazilian Amazon by weight, after *Brachyplatystoma vaillantii* and *Semaprochilodus spp*. The black prochilodus is migratory, moving between different parts of the Amazon. The black prochilodus reaches up to 45 cm (18 in) in total length and 1.2 kg (2.6 lb) in weight.

## InfoBox

| *Prochilodus nigricans* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Scale bar = 1 cm | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Characiformes |
| Family: | Prochilodontidae |
| Genus: | *Prochilodus* |
| Species: | ***P. nigricans*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Prochilodus nigricans***<br>Spix & Agassiz, 1829 | |
|


title: Nawala

abstract:
Nawala is an up-market residential suburb of Colombo, within the Kotte municipality in the western province of Sri Lanka, and is approximately 6 km south of Colombo City. Nawala lies between the commercial capital Colombo and the administrative capital of Kotte. It is considered to be a part of Rajagiriya and is bordered by Nugegoda to the south and Narahenpita to the west. It comprises two wards of the Sri Jayawardanapura Kotte Municipal Council area:
  - Ward no. 3 — Welikada-Nawala.
  - Ward no. 4 — Nawala. Nawala is currently the ceramic capital of Sri Lanka. During the past couple of years, the number of ceramic stores has increased rapidly and is still counting. However, today Nawala is a cosmopolitan town, encompassing all facilities. Supermarkets, restaurants, banks, fuel stations, book shops, grocery shops, hardware shops and many retailers of upmarket brands have made Nawala a landmark town. However, the old village of Nawala, which until the 1920s was mainly uninhabited, was bounded by the Diyawanna Oya to the south and east, the Heen Ela to the west, and Koswatte to the North. Its main feature was the ammunition dump, the bunkers of which are still visible in the Nawala Cemetery. Decades before the modern era, when there was mass migration from villages to suburbs, Nawala was said to house large plant nurseries. Nawala came into prominence after the opening of the economy in 1977 and is today a very popular residential/commercial town in Colombo. Apart from hundreds of ceramic retail establishments today, Nawala is home to a notable list of restaurants. Steamboat restaurant and chopsticks and crossroads restaurants are prominently located near the junction. From the junction, turn right on the left. Sen-Sal Nawala, yet another popular restaurant cum bakery. Further down towards Nugegoda passing, The Open University of Sri Lanka, (OUSL) on the right is Sovereign German Restaurant popular for German cuisine. Kandawatte Road, located opposite the Wetland park, Nawala houses the famous Thiru Murugan's Food Waves serving vegetarian Indian cuisine.
Nawala is next to Rajagiriya.

text:
# Nawala

**Nawala** is an up-market residential suburb of Colombo, within the Kotte municipality in the western province of Sri Lanka, and is approximately 6 km south of Colombo City.

Nawala lies between the commercial capital Colombo and the administrative capital of Kotte. It is considered to be a part of Rajagiriya and is bordered by Nugegoda to the south and Narahenpita to the west. It comprises two wards of the Sri Jayawardanapura Kotte Municipal Council area:

* Ward no. 3 — Welikada-Nawala (includes Bandaranaikepura and Royal Gardens, the Municipal offices and the western half of Nawala and of Koswatte, bounded by the Cotta Road on the north, the Heen Ela canal on the west, the Diyawanna Oya canal on the south and the Nawala Road on the east).
* Ward no. 4 — Nawala (includes Welikadawatte, eastern Koswatte and Nawala, bounded by the Cotta Road on the north, the Nawala Road on the west and the Diyawanna Oya canal on the south and east).

Nawala is currently the ceramic capital of Sri Lanka. During the past couple of years, the number of ceramic stores has increased rapidly and is still counting. However, today Nawala is a cosmopolitan town, encompassing all facilities. Supermarkets, restaurants, banks, fuel stations, book shops, grocery shops, hardware shops (Aroosia Stores) and many retailers of upmarket brands have made Nawala a landmark town.

However, the old village of Nawala, which until the 1920s was mainly uninhabited, was bounded by the Diyawanna Oya to the south and east, the Heen Ela to the west, and Koswatte to the North. Its main feature was the ammunition dump, the bunkers of which are still visible in the Nawala Cemetery. Decades before the modern era, when there was mass migration from villages to suburbs, Nawala was said to house large plant nurseries. Nawala came into prominence after the opening of the economy in 1977 and is today a very popular residential/commercial town in Colombo.

Apart from hundreds of ceramic retail establishments today, Nawala is home to a notable list of restaurants. Steamboat restaurant and chopsticks and crossroads restaurants are prominently located near the junction. From the junction, turn right on the left. Sen-Sal Nawala, yet another popular restaurant cum bakery. Further down towards Nugegoda passing, The Open University of Sri Lanka, (OUSL) on the right is Sovereign German Restaurant popular for German cuisine. Kandawatte Road, located opposite the Wetland park, Nawala houses the famous Thiru Murugan's Food Waves serving vegetarian Indian cuisine. Nawala is next to Rajagiriya.

## InfoBox

| Nawala නාවල <br>நாவல | |
| --- | --- |
| Suburb | |
| Nawala | |
| Motto: Nawala Annasi | |
| Nawala | |
| Coordinates: 6°54′0″N 79°53′0″E / 6.90000°N 79.88333°E / 6.90000; 79.88333 | |
| Country | Sri Lanka |
| Province | Western Province |
| District | Colombo District |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Madura Vithanage (SLPP) |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (Sri Lanka Time) |


title: No Definite Answer

abstract: No Definite Answer is the major-label debut album from British singer-songwriter, Sam Beeton. The album was released on iTunes on 26 September 2008 and was due to be released on CD on 29 September 2008, but was pushed back to January 2009. It was scheduled for release on 9 March 2009. It spawned Beeton's debut single, "What You Look For", which charted at No. 30 on the UK Singles Chart in its first week.

text:
# No Definite Answer

***No Definite Answer*** is the major-label debut album from British singer-songwriter, Sam Beeton. The album was released on iTunes on 26 September 2008 and was due to be released on CD on 29 September 2008, but was pushed back to January 2009. It was scheduled for release on 9 March 2009. It spawned Beeton's debut single, "What You Look For", which charted at No. 30 on the UK Singles Chart in its first week.

## Track listing

1. "What You Look For"
2. "Under the Fence"
3. "Time Takes Its Toll"
4. "Finally Gone"
5. "Best Friend"
6. "This Lullaby"
7. "Sweet Luigi"
8. "This Is Where We Are"
9. "Trouble and Strife"
10. "Cathy Lee"
11. "Mocha Mocha"
12. "Leaving It Till Last"
13. "Angels Gather Here"
14. "Blue Rose"

## InfoBox

| No Definite Answer | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Sam Beeton | |
| Released | 9 March 2009 (UK) |
| Recorded | 2007–2008 |
| Label | Sony BMG |
|  | |
| Singles from  *No Definite Answer* | |
| 1. "What You Look For"<br>Released: 9 September 2008 | |
|  | |


title: Procfs

abstract: The proc filesystem (procfs) is a special filesystem in Unix-like operating systems that presents information about processes and other system information in a hierarchical file-like structure, providing a more convenient and standardized method for dynamically accessing process data held in the kernel than traditional tracing methods or direct access to kernel memory. Typically, it is mapped to a mount point named /proc at boot time. The proc file system acts as an interface to internal data structures about running processes in the kernel. In Linux, it can also be used to obtain information about the kernel and to change certain kernel parameters at runtime (sysctl). Many Unix-like operating systems support the proc filesystem, including System V, Solaris, IRIX, Tru64 UNIX, BSD, Linux, IBM AIX, QNX, and Plan 9 from Bell Labs. OpenBSD dropped support in version 5.7, released in May 2015. It is absent from HP-UX and macOS. The Linux kernel extends it to non–process-related data. The proc filesystem provides a method of communication between kernel space and user space. For example, the GNU version of the process reporting utility ps uses the proc file system to obtain its data, without using any specialized system calls.

text:
# Procfs

The **proc filesystem** (**procfs**) is a special filesystem in Unix-like operating systems that presents information about processes and other system information in a hierarchical file-like structure, providing a more convenient and standardized method for dynamically accessing process data held in the kernel than traditional tracing methods or direct access to kernel memory. Typically, it is mapped to a mount point named */proc* at boot time. The proc file system acts as an interface to internal data structures about running processes in the kernel. In Linux, it can also be used to obtain information about the kernel and to change certain kernel parameters at runtime (sysctl).

Many Unix-like operating systems support the proc filesystem, including System V, Solaris, IRIX, Tru64 UNIX, BSD, Linux, IBM AIX, QNX, and Plan 9 from Bell Labs. OpenBSD dropped support in version 5.7, released in May 2015. It is absent from HP-UX and macOS.

The Linux kernel extends it to non–process-related data.

The proc filesystem provides a method of communication between kernel space and user space. For example, the GNU version of the process reporting utility ps uses the proc file system to obtain its data, without using any specialized system calls.

## History

### UNIX 8th Edition

Tom J. Killian implemented the UNIX 8th Edition (V8) version of */proc*: he presented a paper titled "Processes as Files" at USENIX in June 1984. The design of procfs aimed to replace the *ptrace* system call used for process tracing. Detailed documentation can be found in the proc(4) manual page.

### SVR3

The original AT&T System V Release 3 (SVR3) operating system (available internally to AT&T in 1986 and generally in 1987) did not come with the */proc* filesystem, but a subsequent incremental version of it did. It only contained files representing the processes rather than the now common subdirectories.

### SVR4

Roger Faulkner and Ron Gomes ported V8 */proc* to SVR4, and published a paper called "The Process File System and Process Model in UNIX System V" at USENIX in January 1991. This kind of procfs supported the creation of *ps*, but the files could only be accessed with functions *read()*, *write()*, and *ioctl()*. Between 1995 and 1996, Roger Faulkner created the procfs-2 interface for Solaris-2.6 that offers a structured /proc filesystem with sub-directories.

### Plan 9

Plan 9 implemented a process file system, but went further than V8. V8's process file system implemented a single file per process. Plan 9 created a hierarchy of separate files to provide those functions, and made /proc a real part of the file system.

### 4.4BSD and derivatives

4.4BSD cloned its implementation of /proc from Plan 9. As of February 2011, procfs is gradually becoming phased out in FreeBSD, and it has turned to use the *sysctl* interface instead for process-related information. To provide binary compatibility with Linux user space programs, the FreeBSD kernel also provides **linprocfs** that is similar to the Linux procfs. It was removed from OpenBSD in version 5.7, which was released in May 2015, because it "always suffered from race conditions and is now unused". macOS did not implement procfs and user space programs have to use the *sysctl* interface for retrieving process data.

### Solaris

/proc in Solaris was available from the beginning (June 1992). Solaris 2.6 in 1996 introduced procfs2 from Roger Faulkner.

### Linux

Linux first added a /proc filesystem in v0.97.3, September 1992, and first began expanding it to non-process related data in v0.98.6, December 1992.

As of 2020, the Linux implementation includes a directory for each running process, including kernel processes, in directories named /proc/PID, where PID is the process number. Each directory contains information about one process, including:

* /proc/PID/cmdline, the command that originally started the process.
* /proc/PID/cwd, a symlink to the current working directory of the process.
* /proc/PID/environ contains the names and values of the environment variables that affect the process.
* /proc/PID/exe, a symlink to the original executable file, if it still exists (a process may continue running after its original executable has been deleted or replaced).
* /proc/PID/fd, a directory containing a symbolic link for each open file descriptor.
* /proc/PID/fdinfo, a directory containing entries which describe the position and flags for each open file descriptor.
* /proc/PID/maps, a text file containing information about mapped files and blocks (like heap and stack).
* /proc/PID/mem, a binary image representing the process's virtual memory, can only be accessed by a ptrace'ing process.
* /proc/PID/root, a symlink to the root path as seen by the process. For most processes this will be a link to / unless the process is running in a chroot jail.
* /proc/PID/status contains basic information about a process including its run state and memory usage.
* /proc/PID/task, a directory containing hard links to any tasks that have been started by this (i.e.: the parent) process.

(Users may obtain the PID with a utility such as pgrep, pidof or ps:

```
$ ls -l /proc/$(pgrep -n python3)/fd        # List all file descriptors of the most recently started `python3' process
total 0
lrwx------ 1 baldur baldur 64 2020-03-18 12:31 0 -> /dev/pts/3
lrwx------ 1 baldur baldur 64 2020-03-18 12:31 1 -> /dev/pts/3
lrwx------ 1 baldur baldur 64 2020-03-18 12:31 2 -> /dev/pts/3
$ readlink /proc/$(pgrep -n python3)/exe    # List executable used to launch the most recently started `python3' process
/usr/bin/python3.8

```

)

/proc also includes non-process-related system information, although in the 2.6 kernel much of that information moved to a separate pseudo-file system, sysfs, mounted under /sys:

* depending on the mode of power management (if at all), either directory, /proc/acpi or /proc/apm, which predate sysfs and contain various bits of information about the state of power management.
* /proc/buddyinfo, information about the buddy algorithm that handles memory fragmentation.
* /proc/bus, containing directories representing various buses on the computer, such as PCI/USB. This has been largely superseded by sysfs under /sys/bus which is far more informative.
* /proc/fb, a list of the available framebuffers
* /proc/cmdline, giving the boot options passed to the kernel
* /proc/cpuinfo, containing information about the CPU, such as its vendor (and CPU family, model and model names which should allow users to identify the CPU) and its speed (CPU clockspeed), cache size, number of siblings, cores, and CPU flags. The format and available information is highly architecture-depended. On some architectures, /proc/cpuinfo includes a value for "bogomips", frequently misconstrued as a measure of CPU speed, like a benchmark, but it does not actually measure any sensible (for end-users) value at all. It occurs as a side-effect of kernel timer calibration and yields highly varying values depending on CPU type, even at equal clock speeds.

```
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor   : 0
 vendor_id  : AuthenticAMD
 cpu family : 16
 model      : 6
 model name : AMD Athlon(tm) II X2 270 Processor
 stepping   : 3
 microcode  : 0x10000c8
 cpu MHz    : 2000.000
 cache size : 1024 KB
 ...
 processor  : 1
 vendor_id  : AuthenticAMD
 cpu family : 16
 model      : 6
 model name : AMD Athlon(tm) II X2 270 Processor
 stepping   : 3
 microcode  : 0x10000c8
 cpu MHz    : 800.000
 cache size : 1024 KB
 ...

```

On multi-core CPUs, /proc/cpuinfo contains the fields for "siblings" and "cpu cores" which represent the following calculation is applied:

```
"siblings" = (HT per CPU package) * (# of cores per CPU package)
"cpu cores" = (# of cores per CPU package)
```

A CPU package means physical CPU which can have multiple cores (*single core* for one, *dual core* for two, *quad core* for four). This allows a distinction between hyper-threading and dual-core, i.e. the number of hyper-threads per CPU package can be calculated by *siblings / CPU cores*. If both values for a CPU package are the same, then hyper-threading is not supported. For instance, a CPU package with siblings=2 and "cpu cores"=2 is a dual-core CPU but does not support hyper-threading.

* /proc/crypto, a list of available cryptographic modules
* /proc/devices, a list of character and block devices sorted by device ID but giving the major part of the /dev name too
* /proc/diskstats, giving some information (including device numbers) for each of the logical disk devices
* /proc/filesystems, a list of the file systems supported by the kernel at the time of listing
* /proc/interrupts, /proc/iomem, /proc/ioports and the directory /proc/irq, giving some details about the devices (physical or logical) using the various system resources
* /proc/kmsg, holding messages output by the kernel
* /proc/loadavg, containing stats about the current load average in the last minutes.
* /proc/meminfo, containing a summary of how the kernel is managing its memory.
* /proc/modules, one of the most important files in /proc, containing a list of the kernel modules currently loaded . It gives some indication (not always entirely correct) of dependencies.
* /proc/mounts, a symlink to self/mounts which contains a list of the currently mounted devices and their mount points (and which file system is in use and what mount options are in use).
* /proc/net/, a directory containing useful information about the network stack, in particular /proc/net/nf\_conntrack, which lists existing network connections (particularly useful for tracking routing when iptables FORWARD is used to redirect network connections)
* /proc/partitions, a list of the device-numbers, their size and /dev names which the kernel has identified as existing partitions
* /proc/scsi, giving information about any devices connected via a SCSI or RAID controller
* a symbolic link to the current (traversing) process at /proc/self (i.e. /proc/PID/ where PID is that of the current process).
* /proc/slabinfo, listing statistics on the caches for frequently-used objects in the Linux kernel
* /proc/swaps, a list of the active swap partitions, their various sizes and priorities
* Access to dynamically configurable kernel options under /proc/sys. Under /proc/sys appear directories representing the areas of kernel, containing readable and writable virtual files.
For example, a commonly referenced virtual file is /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip\_forward, because it is necessary for routing firewalls or tunnels. The file contains either a '1' or a '0': if it is 1, the IPv4 stack forwards packets not meant for the local host, if it is 0 then it does not.
* /proc/sysvipc, containing memory-sharing and inter-process communication (IPC) information.
* /proc/tty, containing information about terminals; /proc/tty/driver contains a list of TTY drivers and their usage
* /proc/uptime, the length of time the kernel has been running since boot and spent in idle mode (both in seconds)
* /proc/version, containing the Linux kernel version, distribution number, gcc version number (used to build the kernel) and any other pertinent information relating to the version of the kernel currently running
* other files depending on various hardware, module configurations, and changes to the kernel.

The basic utilities that use /proc under Linux come in the procps (/proc processes) package, and only function in conjunction with a mounted /proc.

### CYGWIN

Cygwin implemented a procfs that is basically the same as the Linux procfs.

## Sources


title: Paralbara perhamata

abstract: Paralbara perhamata is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1892. It is found in Northeast India including Sikkim and in Borneo. The wingspan is about 42 mm. The forewings have a broad purplish-fuscous medial band with waved edges. There is an indistinct waved postmedial line and the outer area is suffused with fuscous. The hindwings have a fuscous basal area with a waved outer edge. There are two pale specks at the end of the cell and an indistinct waved postmedial line.

text:
# Paralbara perhamata

***Paralbara perhamata*** is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1892. It is found in Northeast India including Sikkim and in Borneo.

The wingspan is about 42 mm. The forewings have a broad purplish-fuscous medial band with waved edges. There is an indistinct waved postmedial line and the outer area is suffused with fuscous. The hindwings have a fuscous basal area with a waved outer edge. There are two pale specks at the end of the cell and an indistinct waved postmedial line.

## Subspecies

* *Paralbara perhamata perhamata* (India)
* *Paralbara perhamata sinuosa* Holloway, 1976 (Borneo)

## InfoBox

| *Paralbara perhamata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Drepanidae |
| Genus: | *Paralbara* |
| Species: | ***P. perhamata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Paralbara perhamata***<br>(Hampson, 1892) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Drepana perhamata* Hampson, \[1893\] * *Albara perhamata* | |


title: Shanarpatti block

abstract: Shanarpatti block is a revenue block in the Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu, India. It has a total of 21 panchayat villages.

text:
# Shanarpatti block

**Shanarpatti block** is a revenue block in the Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu, India. It has a total of 21 panchayat villages.

## List of Village Panchayats in Shanarpatti block

1. Anjukulipatti
2. Avilipatti
3. Emmakalapuram
4. Kambiliyampatti
5. Kanavaipatti
6. Kombaipatti
7. Koovanuthu
8. Madur
9. Marunoothu
10. Ragalapuram
11. Rajakkapatti
12. Sengurichi
13. Shanarpatti
14. Silluvathur
15. T.panchampatti
16. Thavasimadai
17. Thimmanallur
18. Vajira Servaikaran Kottai
19. V.t.patti
20. Veerasinnampatti
21. Vembarpatti

* "Map of revenue blocks of Dharmapuri district". Government of Tamil Nadu.


title: Maunga Kākaramea

abstract: Maunga Kākaramea is a 743 metres (2,438 ft) high dacite volcano located between Rotorua and Taupō in the North Island Volcanic Plateau. It has multiple steaming features and a picturesque crater lake reached by a short walk from the nearest road and has a nearby geothermal area.

text:
# Maunga Kākaramea

**Maunga Kākaramea** (also known officially as Rainbow Mountain) is a 743 metres (2,438 ft) high dacite volcano located between Rotorua and Taupō in the North Island Volcanic Plateau. It has multiple steaming features and a picturesque crater lake reached by a short walk from the nearest road and has a nearby geothermal area.

## Geography

Maunga Kākaramea as first mapped in 1887/88 after the 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera.

**Maunga Kākaramea** (meaning mountain of coloured earth, sometimes called Maungakakaramea and also known in colloquial English as Mount Kakaramea - but do not confuse with Kakaramea another mountain) is located at the western borders of the Okataina Volcanic Centre. To the north west is the still active Waimangu Volcanic Rift Valley and closer to the south west the Maungakaramea hot springs. To the west across the Hakereteke stream (European settlement name Kerosene Creek) valley is the slightly higher peak of Maungaongaonga at 825 metres (2,707 ft).

### Geology

Map of surface volcanics centred on Maunga Kākaramea ( Rainbow mountain ) with its predominant dacite coloured purple. The dacite to the west is Maungaongaonga. Clicking on the map enlarges it, and enables panning and mouseover of volcano name/wikilink and ages before present. Key for the volcanics that are shown with panning is: '"\`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000017-QINU\`"'  basalt (shades of brown/orange), '"\`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000018-QINU\`"'  monogenetic basalts, '"\`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000019-QINU\`"'  undifferentiated basalts of the Tangihua Complex in Northland Allochthon,'"\`UNIQ--templatestyles-0000001A-QINU\`"'  arc basalts, '"\`UNIQ--templatestyles-0000001B-QINU\`"'  arc ring basalts, '"\`UNIQ--templatestyles-0000001C-QINU\`"'  dacite,'"\`UNIQ--templatestyles-0000001D-QINU\`"'  andesite (shades of red), '"\`UNIQ--templatestyles-0000001E-QINU\`"'  basaltic andesite, '"\`UNIQ--templatestyles-0000001F-QINU\`"'  rhyolite, (ignimbrite is lighter shades of violet), and '"\`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000020-QINU\`"'  plutonic. White shading is selected caldera features.

Much of the ground has been altered by steam action, which is most marked on the southern slopes of the mountain, extending almost to the summit. The steam has created fumarole clays of decomposed rhyolite. The six craters on the mountain are likely of hydrothermal origin. There have been quite large hydrothermal eruptions from areas of the mountain and nearby. This erupted material overlie the 232 CE Hatepe eruption pumice resulting in estimated eruption ages of about 1300 CE. Sulphur deposits and natural petroleum seeps occur in the area. The bare northern slopes are adjacent to the Ngapouri-Rotomahana Fault which is a splay of the Paeroa Fault at the eastern margin of the Taupō Rift of the Taupō Volcanic Zone. These slope's steam activity was much more marked following the last Tarawera eruption than at present. The hot water spring activity is all to the south of the fault line. Accordingly, just to the north we have an area that is displacing at a rate of 7.2 ± 0.4 mm/yr explaining the areas complex geology.

### Tourism

Its emerald coloured crater lake is a short but steep walk for the fit from a car park off State Highway 5 and contrasts with ochre coloured cliffs. The flora is somewhat stunted both because of the continued geothermal activity but also as it is a regrowth area affected by the 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera.

## InfoBox

| Maunga Kākaramea (Rainbow Mountain) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 743 m (2,438 ft) |
| Coordinates | 38°19′09″S 176°22′42″E / 38.31917°S 176.37833°E / -38.31917; 176.37833 |
| Geography | |
| Maunga Kākaramea (Rainbow Mountain)Waikato, New Zealand | |
| Geology | |
| Mountain type | Stratovolcano |
| Last eruption | Hydrothermal about 1315 CE, as dacite about 180,000 years ago |
| Climbing | |
| Easiest route | Mt Kakaramea (Rainbow Mountain) Summit Track |
| Access | State Highway 5 |