title: USS Gwin (DM-33)

abstract: USS Gwin (DD-772/DM-33/MMD-33) was a Robert H. Smith-class destroyer minelayer in the United States Navy. She was named for William Gwin. Gwin was launched by the Bethlehem Shipbuilding, San Pedro, Los Angeles on 9 April 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Jesse W. Tarbill, second cousin and sponsor of the previous Gwin (DD-433). The ship was commissioned on 30 September 1944 at Los Angeles.

text:
# USS Gwin (DM-33)

**USS *Gwin* (DD-772/DM-33/MMD-33)** was a *Robert H. Smith*-class destroyer minelayer in the United States Navy. She was named for William Gwin.

*Gwin* was launched by the Bethlehem Shipbuilding, San Pedro, Los Angeles on 9 April 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Jesse W. Tarbill, second cousin and sponsor of the previous *Gwin* (DD-433). The ship was commissioned on 30 September 1944 at Los Angeles.

## Service history

### World War II

After shakedown along the California coast, *Gwin* sailed for the Pacific theatre as flagship of Mine Squadron 3, reaching Pearl Harbor 3 January 1945. A week later the squadron left for the fighting front. At Saipan, 20 January, *Gwin* and her sister minesweepers joined Battleship Division 7. For 7 days, 21 to 26 January, she participated in the preliminary bombardment of Iwo Jima, next to the last step in the island-hopping campaign across the Pacific. Returning to Pearl Harbor, *Gwin* underwent overhaul before sailing for Eniwetok, 23 February.

From Eniwetok *Gwin* steamed to the Ryukyu Islands 17 March to sweep the area around Okinawa. Acting in a variety of roles—antisubmarine screen, radar picket ship, minesweeper, fire support—*Gwin* was to remain off Okinawa the following five months, almost to the very end of the war. During this period she accounted for some 16 enemy aircraft as the Japanese launched the kamikaze attacks. Nine of these Japanese planes fell victim to *Gwin*'s guns on only two days, 16 April and 4 May. An air raid 16 April saw *Gwin* down two Mitsubishi G4M "Betty" dive bombers, coming in only to have another come sweeping in and crash in the sea some 25 yards (23 m) as the ship evaded her. An alert gun crew swung their battery to catch another Japanese plane and shoot it down less than 50 yards (46 m) from the ship.

At dusk on 4 May, *Gwin* was on radar picket station off Okinawa. Combat Air Patrol reported 8 to 10 Japanese planes to port, and *Gwin* swung her batteries to face the threat. Suddenly a second contingent of planes swept in out of the setting sun to starboard. *Gwin* swung her guns around and two of the attackers were downed. Whirling to port, the gun crews fired into the original attack group, and accounted for three more kamikazes. The seas had not yet closed over these three planes when a sixth, another kamikaze, crashed into *Gwin*. Two men were killed, 2 missing, and 11 injured as the plane embedded itself into *Gwin*'s aft gun platform. Then, as damage control parties rushed to quell the fires raging around the kamikaze, the Japanese attack ended as suddenly as it had begun. In less than six minutes, *Gwin*, although under attack from all quarters, had downed five Japanese planes and been herself damaged by a sixth.

After a brief stay at Ryukyu Islands for battle damage repairs, *Gwin* returned to patrol and sweeping duties around Okinawa. She rendezvoused 20 August with Task Force 35 and headed for Tokyo Bay. Putting into Sagami Bay 27 August 1945, *Gwin* began to sweep the area and destroyed some 41 mines in 2 days duty. At last on 29 August 1945 she steamed into Tokyo Bay, and anchored under the towering snowcap of Mount Fuji. Departing for Okinawa 1 September, *Gwin*, remained on minesweeping duty there and in the East China Sea for the rest of the year.

### Reserve

With her share of the Pacific "mopping-up" complete, *Gwin* at last headed home, reaching San Pedro, Los Angeles on 23 February 1946. The ship then sailed for Charleston, South Carolina, arriving on 14 March. *Gwin* decommissioned there on 3 September 1946 and was placed in reserve.

### Reactivated during the Korean War

As the Korean War necessitated the strengthening of America's fleet, *Gwin* recommissioned at Charleston 8 July 1952. For the next few years she divided her time between Caribbean and local exercises, European cruises, and NATO maneuvers, with time out for overhaul. In 1953 *Gwin* crossed the Atlantic for a 4-month tour of duty with the 6th Fleet, visiting ten Mediterranean ports before returning to Charleston 3 February 1954. Midshipman Able Cruises June to August 1954 and 1955 took her to Lisbon, Portugal, Le Havre, Valencia, Spain, and Torquay, England. *Gwin* returned to the Mediterranean a final time in 1957 for NATO maneuvers with ships of the Portuguese, French, and British navies, visiting both Brest and Gibraltar.

In between Caribbean and Mediterranean cruises and training, *Gwin* engaged in a variety of minesweeping and hunter-killer antisubmarine exercises along the East Coast and participated in several other NATO maneuvers in American waters. *Gwin* sailed to the Philadelphia Navy Yard 12 January 1958 where she decommissioned 3 April 1958 and remained in reserve through 1967.

### Transfer to Turkey

Transferred to the Turkish Navy on 15 August 1971 and renamed TCG *Muavenet* (DM-357); severely damaged by firing of two Sea Sparrow missiles by USS *Saratoga* on 2 October 1992 during NATO Exercise Display Determination 92; 5 crew killed, 19 crew injured. The ship was struck in 1993 and broken up for scrap.

## Awards

*Gwin* received a Navy Unit Commendation and four battle stars for service in World War II.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | *Gwin* |
| Namesake | William Gwin |
| Builder | Bethlehem Shipbuilding, San Pedro, Los Angeles |
| Laid down | 31 October 1943 |
| Launched | 9 April 1944 |
| Commissioned | 30 September 1944 |
| Decommissioned | 3 September 1946 |
| Recommissioned | 8 July 1952 |
| Decommissioned | 3 April 1958 |
| Stricken | 22 October 1971 |
| Fate | Transferred to Turkey 15 August 1971 (TCG *Muavenet* (DM-357)) |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *Robert H. Smith*-class destroyer |
| Displacement | 2,200 tons |
| Length | 376 ft 5 in (114.73 m) |
| Beam | 40 ft (12 m) |
| Draft | 15 ft 8 in (4.78 m) |
| Speed | 34 knots (63 km/h; 39 mph) |
| Complement | 336 officers and enlisted |
| Armament |  |


abstract: Poland competed at the 2019 World Championships in Athletics in Doha, Qatar from 27 September to 6 October 2019. The country finished in 11th place in the medal table.

text:
# Poland at the 2019 World Athletics Championships

**Poland** competed at the **2019 World Championships in Athletics** in Doha, Qatar from 27 September to 6 October 2019. The country finished in 11th place in the medal table.

## Medalists

| Medal | Athlete | Event | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Gold | Paweł Fajdek | Men's hammer throw | October 2 |
| Silver | Iga Baumgart-Witan
Patrycja Wyciszkiewicz
Małgorzata Hołub-Kowalik
Justyna Święty-Ersetic
Anna Kiełbasińska* | Women's 4 × 400 metres relay | October 6 |
| Silver | Joanna Fiodorow | Women's hammer throw | September 28 |
| Bronze | Marcin Lewandowski | Men's 1500 metres | October 6 |
| Bronze | Piotr Lisek | Men's pole vault | October 1 |
| Bronze | Wojciech Nowicki | Men's hammer throw | October 2 |

## Results

(q – qualified, NM – no mark, SB – season best)

### Men

Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Adam Kszczot | 800 metres | 1:46.20 | 21 **q** | 1:45.22 | 11 | Did not advance | |
| **Marcin Lewandowski** | 1500 metres | 3:37.75 | 20 **Q** | 3:36.50 | 1 **Q** | 3:31.46 **NR** |  |
| Damian Czykier | 110 metres hurdles | Did not start | | Did not advance | | | |
| Patryk Dobek | 400 metres hurdles | 49.89 | 18 **Q** | 50.18 | 22 | Did not advance | |
| Krystian Zalewski | 3000 metres steeplechase | 8:51.79 | 43 |  | | Did not advance | |
|
| Dawid Tomala | 20 kilometres walk |  | | | | 1:38:15 | 32 |
|
| Rafał Augustyn | 50 kilometres walk |  | | | | 4:20:25 | 13 |
| Artur Brzozowski | | | 4:30:17 | 22 |
| Rafał Fedaczyński | | | 4:50:08 | 28 |
|

Field events

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Distance | Position | Distance | Position |
| Paweł Wojciechowski | Pole vault | 5.70 | 13 | Did not advance | |
| **Piotr Lisek** | | 5.75 | 1 **Q** | 5.87 |  |
| Robert Sobera | | 5.60 | 19 | Did not advance | |
| Konrad Bukowiecki | Shot put | 21.16 | 6 **Q** | 21.46 | **6** |
| Michał Haratyk | | 20.52 | 16 | Did not advance | |
| Jakub Szyszkowski | | 20.55 | 15 | Did not advance | |
| Piotr Małachowski | Discus throw | 62.20 | 17 | Did not advance | |
| Bartłomiej Stój | | 61.79 | 22 | Did not advance | |
| Robert Urbanek | | 61.78 | 23 | Did not advance | |
| **Paweł Fajdek** | Hammer throw | 79.24 | 1 **Q** | 80.50 |  |
| **Wojciech Nowicki** | | 77.89 | 2 **Q** | 77.69 |  |
| Marcin Krukowski | Javelin throw | 82.44 | 11 **q** | 80.56 | **7** |

Combined events – Decathlon

| Athlete | Event | 200 m | LJ | SP | HJ | 400 m | 100H | DT | PV | JT | 1500 m | Final | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Paweł Wiesiołek | Result | 10.76 **SB** | 7.02 | 15.26 **PB** | 1.96 | 49.37 | 14.65 | 47.20 | 4.90 **PB** | 55.00 | 4:42.06 | 8064 | 12 |
| | Points | 915 | 818 | 806 | 767 | 844 | 892 | 812 | 880 | 663 | | | 667 |

### Women

Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Ewa Swoboda | 100 metres | 11.29 | 21 **q** | 11.27 | 16 | Did not advance | |
| Iga Baumgart-Witan | 400 metres | 51.34 | 11 **Q** | 51.02 **PB** | 8 **q** | 51.29 | **8** |
| Anna Kiełbasińska | | 52.25 | 34 | Did not advance | | | |
| Justyna Święty-Ersetic | | 51.34 | 11 **Q** | 50.96 | 7 **Q** | 50.95 | **7** |
| Anna Sabat | 800 metres | 2:02.43 | 15 **q** | 2:04.00 | 21 | Did not advance | |
| Karolina Kołeczek | 100 metres hurdles | 12.78 | 9 **Q** | 12.86 | 12 | Did not advance | |
| Joanna Linkiewicz | 400 metres hurdles | 55.97 | 20 **Q** | 55.38 **SB** | 14 | Did not advance | |
| Alicja Konieczek | 3000 metres steeplechase | 9:44.96 | 28 | Did not advance | | | |
| Katarzyna Zdziebło | 20 kilometres walk |  | | | | 1:38:44 | 21 |
| **Małgorzata Hołub-Kowalik**
**Iga Baumgart-Witan**
**Patrycja Wyciszkiewicz**
**Justyna Święty-Ersetic**
**Anna Kiełbasińska*** | 4 × 400 metres relay | 3:25.78 | 4 **Q** |  | | 3:21.89 **NR** |  |

* – Indicates the athlete competed in preliminaries but not the final

Field events

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Distance | Position | Distance | Position |
| Kamila Lićwinko | High jump | 1.94 | 7 **Q** | 1.98 **SB** | **5** |
| Paulina Guba | Shot put | 18.04 | 12 **q** | 18.02 | 10 |
| Klaudia Kardasz | | 17.79 | 15 | Did not advance | |
| Daria Zabawska | Discus throw | 57.05 | 22 | Did not advance | |
| **Joanna Fiodorow** | Hammer throw | 73.39 | 3 **Q** | 76.35 **PB** |  |
| Malwina Kopron | | 70.46 | 13 | Did not advance | |
| Maria Andrejczyk | Javelin throw | 57.68 | 22 | Did not advance | |

### Mixed

Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Wiktor Suwara
Rafał Omelko
Iga Baumgart-Witan
Justyna Święty-Ersetic
Anna Kiełbasińska*
Małgorzata Hołub-Kowalik* | 4 × 400 metres relay | 3:15.47 | 5 **Q** |  | 3:12.33 **NR** | 5 |

## InfoBox

| Poland at the
2019 World Championships in Athletics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| WA code | POL |
| in Doha, Qatar | |
| Medals
Ranked 11th | Gold 1 Silver 2 Bronze 3 Total 6 |
| World Championships in Athletics appearances | |
|  | |


title: Leon Rice

abstract: Leon Paul Rice is an American college basketball coach, and the head men's basketball coach at Boise State University of the Mountain West Conference. He replaced Greg Graham as head coach of the Broncos on March 26, 2010. In his first season, Rice led Boise State to the finals of the WAC tournament and to the semifinals of the College Basketball Invitational. He is the first Boise State head coach to win twenty games in two of his first three seasons and has twenty or more wins in nine of his twelve years. In 2013, he guided the Broncos to their first ever at-large bid to the NCAA tournament. In 2015, he led the Broncos to their only Mountain West regular season championship, Boise State's first conference title since 2008, and was named the MWC coach of the year. On February 13, 2021, Rice became the winningest head coach in Boise State history with his 214th victory. Previously an assistant coach at Gonzaga for eleven seasons, Rice was newly promoted head coach Mark Few's first outside hire in July 1999. He is cited by Few as being instrumental to the Bulldogs' current and past success. According to Few, Rice occasionally created stories about what opposing student sections were saying about Gonzaga star Adam Morrison in order to pump him up prior to games. On May 5, 2022, Coach Leon Rice was named as an assistant coach for Team USA and helped lead them to the 2022 FIBA Under-18 Americas Championship.

text:
# Leon Rice

**Leon Paul Rice** (born November 25, 1963) is an American college basketball coach, and the head men's basketball coach at Boise State University of the Mountain West Conference. He replaced Greg Graham as head coach of the Broncos on March 26, 2010.

In his first season, Rice led Boise State to the finals of the WAC tournament and to the semifinals of the College Basketball Invitational. He is the first Boise State head coach to win twenty games in two of his first three seasons and has twenty or more wins in nine of his twelve years. In 2013, he guided the Broncos to their first ever at-large bid to the NCAA tournament. In 2015, he led the Broncos to their only Mountain West regular season championship, Boise State's first conference title since 2008, and was named the MWC coach of the year. On February 13, 2021, Rice became the winningest head coach in Boise State history with his 214th victory.

Previously an assistant coach at Gonzaga for eleven seasons, Rice was newly promoted head coach Mark Few's first outside hire in July 1999. He is cited by Few as being instrumental to the Bulldogs' current and past success. According to Few, Rice occasionally created stories about what opposing student sections were saying about Gonzaga star Adam Morrison in order to pump him up prior to games.

On May 5, 2022, Coach Leon Rice was named as an assistant coach for Team USA and helped lead them to the 2022 FIBA Under-18 Americas Championship.

## Head coaching record

Statistics overview
| Season | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Postseason |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Boise State Broncos**  *(Western Athletic Conference)* (2010–2011) | | | | | | | | |
| 2010–11 | Boise State | 22–13 | 10–6 | 2nd | CBI semifinals |
| **Boise State Broncos**  *(Mountain West Conference)* (2011–present) | | | | | | | | |
| 2011–12 | Boise State | 13–17 | 3–11 | T–7th |  |
| 2012–13 | Boise State | 21–11 | 9–7 | T–4th | NCAA Division I First Four |
| 2013–14 | Boise State | 21–13 | 9–9 | T–5th |  |
| 2014–15 | Boise State | 25–9 | 14–4 | T–1st | NCAA Division I First Four |
| 2015–16 | Boise State | 20–12 | 11–7 | 3rd |  |
| 2016–17 | Boise State | 20–12 | 12–6 | 3rd | NIT second round |
| 2017–18 | Boise State | 23–9 | 13–5 | 2nd | NIT first round |
| 2018–19 | Boise State | 13–20 | 7–11 | T–7th |  |
| 2019–20 | Boise State | 20–12 | 11–7 | T–5th |  |
| 2020–21 | Boise State | 19–9 | 14–6 | 4th | NIT quarterfinal |
| 2021–22 | Boise State | 27–8 | 15–3 | 1st | NCAA Division I Round of 64 |
| 2022–23 | Boise State | 24–10 | 13–5 | T–2nd | NCAA Division I Round of 64 |
| 2023–24 | Boise State | 22–11 | 13–5 | T–2nd | NCAA Division I First Four |
| **Boise State:** | | 290–166 (.636) | 154–92 (.626) |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 290–166 (.636) |  | | | | | | |
| National champion         Postseason invitational champion
Conference regular season champion          Conference regular season and conference tournament champion
Division regular season champion       Division regular season and conference tournament champion
Conference tournament champion | | | | | | | | |

## Personal

Born in Richland, Washington, Rice graduated from Columbia Basin College, a junior college where he played football, followed by Washington State University in Pullman in 1986 with a degree in physical education. He later earned a master's in athletic administration from the University of Oregon in Eugene.

Rice and his wife, Robin, have three boys together, Brock, Max, and Kade. The eldest, Brock, completed his freshman basketball season at Northwest Christian University, where he averaged 5.1 points off the bench for the Bearcats. Max is a Graduate Student, playing for his dad at Boise State, as well as Kade who is currently playing his redshirt freshman year.

1. "Boise State hires Rice as new basketball coach". March 26, 2010.
2. "Yakima coach joins GU men's staff". *Spokesman-Review*. (Spokane, Washington). July 31, 1999. p. C6.
3. "Leon Rice named men's basketball coach". Gonzaga University Athletics. July 30, 1999. Retrieved May 17, 2021.
4. "Leon Rice". Archived from the original on May 28, 2022.
5. Moss, Tony (March 15, 2022). "Ranking 2022 NCAA tournament men's basketball coaches as players, 1-68". *ESPN.com*. Retrieved March 15, 2022.

## InfoBox

Leon Rice
| Postgame interview in 2016 | |
| --- | --- |
| Current position | |
| Title | Head coach |
| Team | Boise State |
| Conference | Mountain West |
| Record | 290–166 (.636) |
| Biographical details | |
| Born | (1963-11-25) November 25, 1963
Richland, Washington, U.S. |
| Alma mater | Washington State ('86) |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| 1989–1992 | Oregon (assistant) |
| 1992–1994 | Northern Colorado (assistant) |
| 1996–1998 | Yakima Valley CC (assistant) |
| 1998–1999 | Yakima Valley CC |
| 1999–2010 | Gonzaga (assistant) |
| 2010–present | Boise State |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 290–166 (.636) |
| Tournaments | 0–5 (NCAA Division I)
3–3 (NIT)
2–1 (CBI) |
| Accomplishments and honors | |
| Championships | |
|  | |
| Awards | |
| * MWC Coach of the Year (2015, 2022) | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: National Whistleblower Appreciation Day

abstract: National Whistleblower Appreciation Day is an annual recognition of whistleblowers whose actions have protected the American people from fraud or malfeasance. Each year since 2013, both the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives have passed resolutions designating July 30 as National Whistleblower Appreciation Day. The 2021 Senate and House resolutions designating July 30 as National Whistleblower Appreciation Day were passed in July, with Senators Chuck Grassley (R-IA) and Ron Wyden (D-OR) leading the Senate resolution effort and Representatives Jackie Speier (D-CA), Carolyn Maloney (D-NY), and Kathleen Rice (D-NY) leading the passage of the House resolution.

text:
# National Whistleblower Appreciation Day

**National Whistleblower Appreciation Day** is an annual recognition of whistleblowers whose actions have protected the American people from fraud or malfeasance.

Each year since 2013, both the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives have passed resolutions designating July 30 as National Whistleblower Appreciation Day.

The 2021 Senate and House resolutions designating July 30 as National Whistleblower Appreciation Day were passed in July, with Senators Chuck Grassley (R-IA) and Ron Wyden (D-OR) leading the Senate resolution effort and Representatives Jackie Speier (D-CA), Carolyn Maloney (D-NY), and Kathleen Rice (D-NY) leading the passage of the House resolution.

## Background and History

July 30 has been chosen as National Whistleblower Appreciation Day because it commemorates the passage of the very first U.S. whistleblower law, which was passed on July 30, 1778.

The case centered around whistleblowers' complaints about Continental Navy commander Esek Hopkins, whom the whistleblowers alleged participated in torturing captured British sailors. Two of the ten whistleblowers, Samuel Shaw (naval officer) and Richard Marven, were jailed because Hopkins retaliated against them. Marven and Shaw sent a petition that was read to Congress on July 23 that claimed they had done nothing to warrant their arrests, and on July 30, Congress enacted the first whistleblower law.

National Whistleblower Day is commemorated each year with passages of resolutions in the House and Senate, but has not been permanently designated as a holiday yet.

## National Whistleblower Day Celebrations

Every year on July 30 since 2015, the National Whistleblower Center has hosted a celebration in honor of National Whistleblower Day. The National Whistleblower Day 2021 was held virtually, and nearly 10,000 people were in attendance for the event, which spanned three days.

Other National Whistleblower Days have been held on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. Past high-profile guest speakers at National Whistleblower Day celebrations include a host of government officials like Senator Chuck Grassley, Senator Ron Wyden, and Michael E. Horowitz, as well as whistleblowers like Enron whistleblower Sherron Watkins, Linda Tripp, Jane Turner (FBI whistleblower), and FBI crime laboratory whistleblower Frederic Whitehurst.

## Actions of Senate Resolutions

| Year | Date | Action |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2013 | 2013-07-30 | Introduced in Senate |
| | 2013-07-30 | Passed/agreed to in Senate: Submitted in the Senate, considered, and agreed to without amendment and with a preamble by Unanimous Consent. |
| 2014 | 2014-07-28 | Introduced in Senate |
| | 2014-07-28 | Passed/agreed to in Senate: Submitted in the Senate, considered, and agreed to without amendment and with a preamble by Unanimous Consent |
| 2015 | 2015-07-30 | Introduced in Senate |
| | 2015-07-30 | Passed/agreed to in Senate: Submitted in the Senate, considered, and agreed to without amendment and with a preamble by Unanimous Consent. |
| 2016 | 2016-07-07 | Introduced in Senate |
| | 2016-07-07 | Passed/agreed to in Senate: Submitted in the Senate, considered, and agreed to without amendment and with a preamble by Unanimous Consent. |
| 2017 | 2017-07-25 | Introduced in Senate |
| | 2017-08-01 | Senate Committee on the Judiciary discharged by Unanimous Consent. |
| | 2017-08-01 | Passed/agreed to in Senate: Resolution agreed to in Senate without amendment and with a preamble by Unanimous Consent. |
| 2018 | 2018-06-28 | Introduced in Senate |
| | 2018-07-12 | Senate Committee on the Judiciary discharged by Unanimous Consent. |
| | 2018-07-12 | Passed/agreed to in Senate: Resolution agreed to in Senate without amendment and with a preamble by Unanimous Consent. |
| 2019 | 2019-05-08 | Introduced in Senate |
| | 2019-07-23 | Senate Committee on the Judiciary discharged by Unanimous Consent. |
| | 2019-07-23 | Passed/agreed to in Senate: Resolution agreed to in Senate without amendment and with a preamble by Unanimous Consent. |
| 2020 | 2020-06-22 | Introduced in Senate |
| | 2020-07-01 | Senate Committee on the Judiciary discharged by Unanimous Consent. |
| | 2020-07-01 | Passed/agreed to in Senate: Resolution agreed to in Senate without amendment and with a preamble by Unanimous Consent. |
| 2021 | 2021-07-27 | Introduced in Senate |
| | 2021-07-27 | Passed/agreed to in Senate: Submitted in the Senate, considered, and agreed to without amendment and with a preamble by Unanimous Consent. |
| 2022 | 2022-07-30 | Introduced in Senate |
| | 7-30 | Passed/agreed to in Senate: Submitted in the Senate, considered, and agreed to without amendment and with a preamble by Unanimous Consent. |
| 2023 | 2023-07-13 | Introduced in Senate |
| | 2023-07-13 | Submitted in the Senate, considered, and agreed to without amendment and with a preamble by Unanimous Consent |

## Actions of House Resolutions

| Year | Date | Action |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2018 | 2018-06-28 | Introduced in House |
| | 2018-06-28 | Referred to the House Committee on Oversight and Reform. |
| 2019 | 2019-03-14 | Introduced in House |
| | 2019-03-14 | Referred to the House Committee on Oversight and Reform. |
| 2021 | 2021-07-30 | Introduced in House |

## InfoBox

| National Whistleblower Appreciation Day | |
| --- | --- |
| Also called | National Whistleblower Day |
| Significance | Commemorating the actions of whistleblowers and their contributions to society. |
| Date | 30 July |
| Next time | 30 July 2025 (2025-07-30) |
| Frequency | annual |


title: École française de Rome

abstract: The École française de Rome (EFR) is a French research institute for history, archaeology, and the social sciences; overseen by the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, and a division of the Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche.

text:
# École française de Rome

The **École française de Rome** (EFR) is a French research institute for history, archaeology, and the social sciences; overseen by the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, and a division of the Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche.

## History and description

The EFR is the successor to the Institut de Correspondance Archéologique, created in 1829 to accommodate researchers from outside Rome. Composed largely of French and German scholars, it was permanently closed as a result of the Franco-Prussian War. In 1873, a branch of the École française d'Athènes was opened there; becoming the EFR in 1875.

The following year, it found a home on the second floor of the Palazzo Farnese, together with the French Embassy. It has eighteen students, who are there for three years, recruited from doctors and advanced doctoral candidates. It also awards 150 grants each year, to young researchers whose work requires them to be in Italy for one or two months.

The EFR is managed by a Director and is divided into three sections (Antiquity, Middles Ages, Modern Period), each with its own vice-director. It has an extensive library, open to members, former members, and accredited researchers.

It operates its own publishing house, the Publications de l'École française de Rome, which offers several periodical journals, as well as collections of the work done by former members, many of which are available at the Persée digital library.

The EFR also organizes archaeological excavation sites throughout Italy, North Africa and the Balkans.

## The library

Since its foundation, the École has developed a documentary collection to support the research activity of its scholars. Today the collections of the library of the École française de Rome are accessible, largely on open shelves, to all scholars and researchers who make a justified request. With almost 215,000 printed documents, these constitute the largest French library outside the territory of France and cover all areas of archaeology, history and social sciences relating to Rome, Italy and the central Mediterranean, from Prehistory to the present day.

| Bibliothèque de l'École française de Rome | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Piazza Farnese 67, Rome, France |
| Established | 1875 |
| Architect(s) | Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, Michelangelo, Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, Giacomo della Porta |
| Specialisation | Archaeology, History, Social sciences |
| Other information | |
| Director | Cécile Martini |
| Affiliation | École française de Rome |
| Website | https://www.efrome.it/en/library |

## Sources

* Michel Gras & Olivier Poncet (Eds.), *Construire l'institution. L'Ecole Française de Rome 1873-1895*, EFR, 2013 (Online)
* Jean Bayet (Ed.), *L’Histoire et l’œuvre de l’École française de Rome*, Paris, E. de Boccard, 1931

41°53′42″N 12°28′15″E / 41.8949°N 12.4709°E / 41.8949; 12.4709

## InfoBox

École française de Rome
| Type | Research institute |
| --- | --- |
| Established | 1873 |
| Director | Brigitte Marin |
| Address | Piazza Farnese 67, Rome, ITA |
| Website | efrome.it |
|  | |


title: Vocea României season 4

abstract: The fourth season of the Romanian reality talent show Vocea României premiered on ProTV on September 16, 2014. Pavel Bartoș returned as host, while Nicoleta Luciu left the show. Oana Tache replaced Vlad Roșca as the social media correspondent. Loredana Groza, Smiley and Marius Moga returned as coaches, while Tudor Chirilă replaced Horia Brenciu as the fourth coach. The show was moved from its usual Saturday evening slot to Friday evening, with the premiere on a Tuesday. This season brought rule changes. The blind auditions were expanded from six to seven shows. The battle round was simplified by allowing coaches to steal one losing contestant only, instead of two as in the previous year, and eliminating the sing-off from the show. Thus, every coach advances with eight contestants to the live shows, as in season three. The jury/televote split in the semi-final was also changed from 50/50 to 40/60. The season finale aired on December 19, 2014. Tiberiu Albu, initially mentored by Smiley, but stolen by Chirilă in the battle rounds, was declared winner of the season. It was Chirilă's first victory as a coach and the first time a stolen contestant had won the competition.

text:
# Vocea României season 4

The **fourth season** of the Romanian reality talent show *Vocea României* premiered on ProTV on September 16, 2014. Pavel Bartoș returned as host, while Nicoleta Luciu left the show. Oana Tache replaced Vlad Roșca as the social media correspondent. Loredana Groza, Smiley and Marius Moga returned as coaches, while Tudor Chirilă replaced Horia Brenciu as the fourth coach. The show was moved from its usual Saturday evening slot to Friday evening, with the premiere on a Tuesday.

This season brought rule changes. The blind auditions were expanded from six to seven shows. The battle round was simplified by allowing coaches to steal one losing contestant only, instead of two as in the previous year, and eliminating the sing-off from the show. Thus, every coach advances with eight contestants to the live shows, as in season three. The jury/televote split in the semi-final was also changed from 50/50 to 40/60.

The season finale aired on December 19, 2014. Tiberiu Albu, initially mentored by Smiley, but stolen by Chirilă in the battle rounds, was declared winner of the season. It was Chirilă's first victory as a coach and the first time a stolen contestant had won the competition.

## Overview

### Early decisions

In March 2014, ProTV announced their intention to turn season 4 into a children's competition, according to *The Voice Kids* format, but they changed their minds a month later and decided to have a competition for people ages 16 and up, as in previous years.

ProTV also revamped the set of the show and used better sound equipment compared to previous seasons.

### Personnel changes

Former coach Horia Brenciu left the show and was replaced with Tudor Chirilă.

Former producer Mona Segall resigned from the MediaPro trust in April 2014 and moved to the rival channel Antena 1, together with her entire team. The orchestra led by George Natsis followed them, stating that they wanted to continue working together. These decisions came in the context of a controversial series of dismissals and resignations from the media trust at the beginning of 2014, influenced by changes made by the then-newly appointed CEO of ProTV, Aleksandras Česnavičius, who was implementing a cost-saving strategy.

The fourth season of the show was produced by an international team co-ordinated by Peter Majeský and Melanie Triebel, who had previously worked on German, Czech and Slovak television productions.

The dance crew of the show, led by Edi Stancu, also migrated to Antena 1, and was replaced by the newly formed PRO Dance Crew, led by Emil Rengle.

Oana Tache replaced Vlad Roșca as the social media correspondent.

## Teams

Color key

| Coaches | Top 56 artists | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Tudor Chirilă |  | | | | |
| | ***Tiberiu Albu*** | Ligia Hojda | Ivana Farc | Andreea Avarvari | Petra Acker |
| | Tudor Man | Florin Ciotlăuș | Iulia Ferchiu | ~~Larisa Mihăeș~~ | ~~Anca Petcu~~ |
| | Ana Maria Andrei | Bebe Panait | Elena Javelea | Matei Chioariu | Ruben Ciungan |
| Marius Moga |  | | | | |
| | Anda Dimitriu | Brigitta Balogh | *Claudiu Rusu* | Alexandru Bunghez | Alina Dogaru |
| | Florian Rus | Ioan Bîgea | Maria Constantin | Diana Bucșa | Caroline Schally |
| | Eliza Manda | Alexandra Bărăceanu | Marina Velle | Radu Mitrea | Florentina Mihai |
| Loredana Groza |  | | | | |
| | Maria Hojda | Ilinca Băcilă | *Larisa Mihăeș* | Andrei Cheteleș | Florin Răduță |
| | Ioana Satmari | Lucian Colareza | Valentin Uzun | Roberta Radu | Diana Popa |
| | Tatiana Heghea | Botond Surányi | Angela Vescu | Bianca Ioniță | Raluca Albu |
| Smiley |  | | | | |
| | Aliona Munteanu | Gelu Graur | Maria Șimandi | Vladimir Pocorschi | *Anca Petcu* |
| | Fabian Sasu | Alina Anușca | Alin Gheorghișan | ~~Claudiu Rusu~~ | ~~Tiberiu Albu~~ |
| | Robert Costin | Emilia Mușală | Ana Maria Georgescu | Cosmin Dragomir | Andrei Bălăceanu |
| Note: *Italicized* names are stolen contestants (names struck through within former teams). | | | | | |

## Blind auditions

The first phase of the competition, the blind auditions, taped August 19–21 and 26–27, 2014 at the MediaPro Studios, Buftea, began airing when the season premiered on September 16, 2014.

Color key

|  | Coach hit his/her "I WANT YOU" button |
| --- | --- |
|  | Artist defaulted to this coach's team |
|  | Artist elected to join this coach's team |
|  | Artist eliminated with no coach pressing his or her "I WANT YOU" button |
|

### Episode 1 (September 16)

The first of seven pre-recorded audition episodes aired on Tuesday, September 16, 2014. The four coaches opened the show with a medley of their songs:

| Order | Main vocalist | Song |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Marius Moga | "Perfect fără tine" |
| 2 | Loredana Groza | "Pe barba mea" |
| 3 | Smiley | "Extravaganza" |
| 4 | Tudor Chirilă | "Acasă" |

The contestants featured in this episode were:

| Order | Artist | Age | Hometown | Song | Coach's and contestant's choices | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | Tudor | Loredana | Smiley | Moga |
| 1 | Florin Răduță | 20 | Târgoviște, Dâmbovița | "When a Man Loves a Woman" |  |  |  |  |
| 2 | Ana Maria Georgescu | 27 | Oradea, Bihor | "Je t'aime" |  |  |  |  |
| 3 | Ilinca Băcilă | 16 | Cluj-Napoca, Cluj | "I Want to Be a Cowboy's Sweetheart" |  |  |  |  |
| 4 | Alexandru Bunghez | 20 | Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Mehedinți | "Sex on Fire" |  |  |  |  |
| 5 | Radu Bogdan Bor | 28 | Cluj-Napoca Cluj | "Wake Me Up!" |  |  |  |  |
| 6 | Alin Gheorghișan | 33 | Bucharest | "Let's Stay Together" |  |  |  |  |
| 7 | Marina Velle | 33 | Bucharest | "Waiting All Night" |  |  |  |  |
| 8 | Aurica Cristina Chireac | 52 | Bucharest | "(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman" |  |  |  |  |
| 9 | Ioan Bîgea | 21 | Bârlad, Vaslui | "It's a Man's Man's Man's World" |  |  |  |  |
| 10 | Cristina Gabriela Dobrescu | 25 | Constanța, Constanța | "Survivor" |  |  |  |  |
| 11 | Iulia Ferchiu | 21 | Satu Mare, Satu Mare | "Summertime" |  |  |  |  |

### Episode 2 (September 19)

The second episode aired on Friday, September 19, 2014.

| Order | Artist | Age | Hometown | Song | Coach's and contestant's choices | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | Tudor | Loredana | Smiley | Moga |
| 1 | Ivana Farc | 17 | Oradea, Bihor | "Raggamuffin" |  |  |  |  |
| 2 | Gelu Graur | 34 | Botoșani, Botoșani | "Roxanne" |  |  |  |  |
| 3 | Alexandra Bărăceanu | 19 | Deva, Hunedoara | "I'd Rather Go Blind" |  |  |  |  |
| 4 | Valentin Uzun | 28 | Chișinău, Moldova | "Gas Gas" |  |  |  |  |
| 5 | Ana Maria Andrei | 22 | Botoșani, Botoșani | "Stay" |  |  |  |  |
| 6 | Irina Ceban | 26 | Chișinău, Moldova | "Stop!" |  |  |  |  |
| 7 | Vladimir Pocorschi | 28 | Bucharest | "Rebel Yell" |  |  |  |  |
| 8 | Constantin Valentin Mircea | 60 | Constanța, Constanța | "N'oubliez jamais" |  |  |  |  |
| 9 | Petra Acker | 27 | Brașov, Brașov | "Can't Take My Eyes Off You" |  |  |  |  |
| 10 | Lucian Colareza | 26 | Constanța, Constanța | "Historia de un amor" |  |  |  |  |
| 11 | Florin Blaj | 49 | Bacău, Bacău | "Balada (Tchê Tcherere Tchê Tchê)" |  |  |  |  |
| 12 | Maria Șimandi | 17 | Aiud, Alba | "Chasing Pavements" |  |  |  |  |

### Episode 3 (September 26)

The third episode aired on Friday, September 26, 2014.

| Order | Artist | Age | Hometown | Song | Coach's and contestant's choices | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | Tudor | Loredana | Smiley | Moga |
| 1 | Florentina Mihai | 22 | Bucharest | "Set Fire to the Rain" |  |  |  |  |
| 2 | Tiberiu Albu | 22 | Timișoara, Timiș | "I Love Rock 'n' Roll" |  |  |  |  |
| 3 | Ioana Ignat | 16 | Botoșani, Botoșani | "I Surrender" |  |  |  |  |
| 4 | Maria Constantin | 27 | Bucharest | "Sanie cu zurgălăi" / "Johnny, tu n'es pas un ange" |  |  |  |  |
| 5 | Francesca Vescu | 20 | Chișinău, Moldova | "Caruso" |  |  |  |  |
| 6 | Emmanouil Maroulis | 41 | Bucharest | "Ochii tăi" |  |  |  |  |
| 7 | Elena Javelea | 23 | Chișinău, Moldova | "You Can Leave Your Hat On" |  |  |  |  |
| 8 | Ramona Anca Popa | 35 | Timișoara, Timiș | "It's a Man's Man's Man's World" |  |  |  |  |
| 9 | Florian Rus | 25 | Târgu Mureș, Mureș | "Locked Out of Heaven" |  |  |  |  |
| 10 | Ramona Pataki-Hașaș | 34 | Oradea, Bihor | "My Number One" |  |  |  |  |
| 11 | Aliona Munteanu | 25 | Chișinău, Moldova | "Halo" |  |  |  |  |
| 12 | Fabian Sasu | 32 | Bucharest | "No Woman, No Cry" |  |  |  |  |
| 13 | Anca Petcu | 31 | Bucharest | "Dirty Diana" |  |  |  |  |

### Episode 4 (October 3)

The fourth episode aired on October 3, 2014.

| Order | Artist | Age | Hometown | Song | Coach's and contestant's choices | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | Tudor | Loredana | Smiley | Moga |
| 1 | Emilia Mușală | 31 | Bucharest | "I Will Always Love You" |  |  |  |  |
| 2 | Vlad Ioan Cirșan | 18 | Buziaș, Timiș | "Billie Jean" |  |  |  |  |
| 3 | Diana Popa | 23 | Chișinău, Moldova | "Candyman" |  |  |  |  |
| 4 | Claudiu Palalae | 19 | Brașov, Brașov | "Perfect fără tine" |  |  |  |  |
| 5 | Alina Dogaru | 28 | Dorohoi, Botoșani | "Not That Kind" |  |  |  |  |
| 6 | Andrei Cheteleș | 25 | Cluj-Napoca, Cluj | "Feeling Good" |  |  |  |  |
| 7 | Lina Bakutayan | 26 | Cluj-Napoca, Cluj | "Addicted to You" |  |  |  |  |
| 8 | Andreea Avarvari | 22 | Bucharest | "When Love Takes Over" |  |  |  |  |
| 9 | Adrian Mazilu | 28 | Bucharest | "Mr. Brownstone" |  |  |  |  |
| 10 | Larisa Mihăeș | 17 | Roman, Neamț | "Dacă ploaia s-ar opri" |  |  |  |  |
| 11 | Roberta Radu | 19 | Negrești, Vaslui | "Temptation" |  |  |  |  |
| 12 | Paula Crișan | 23 | Baia Mare, Maramureș | "The Best" |  |  |  |  |
| 13 | Brigitta Balogh | 25 | Oradea, Bihor | "Listen" |  |  |  |  |

### Episode 5 (October 10)

The fifth episode was aired on October 10, 2014.

| Order | Artist | Age | Hometown | Song | Coach's and contestant's choices | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | Tudor | Loredana | Smiley | Moga |
| 1 | Andrei Bălăceanu | 28 | Bucharest | "Save the Last Dance for Me" |  |  |  |  |
| 2 | Stela Botez | 24 | Chișinău, Moldova | "Hora din Moldova" |  |  |  |  |
| 3 | Bianca Ioniță | 16 | Moreni, Dâmbovița | "Hot Stuff" |  |  |  |  |
| 4 | Victor Sîrbu | 24 | Soroca, Moldova | "Sex Bomb" |  |  |  |  |
| 5 | Eliza Manda | 27 | Bucharest | "Umbrella" |  |  |  |  |
| 6 | Corina Tudosean | 21 | Bucharest | "Dernière danse" |  |  |  |  |
| 7 | Ruben Ciungan | 19 | Aiud, Alba | "You Are So Beautiful" |  |  |  |  |
| 8 | Lavinia Ioana Lăcătuș | 20 | Bucharest | "Ain't No Other Man" |  |  |  |  |
| 9 | Cosmin Dragomir | 25 | Focșani, Vrancea | "Hello" |  |  |  |  |
| 10 | Patricia Niri | 24 | Cluj-Napoca, Cluj | "I Try" |  |  |  |  |
| 11 | Raluca Albu | 30 | Denta, Timiș | "Crazy" |  |  |  |  |
| 12 | Andrei Ceobanu | 27 | Rădăuți, Suceava | "Living Next Door to Alice" |  |  |  |  |
| 13 | Radu Mitrea | 21 | Bucharest | "I See Fire" |  |  |  |  |

### Episode 6 (October 17)

The sixth episode was aired on October 17, 2014.

| Order | Artist | Age | Hometown | Song | Coach's and contestant's choices | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | Tudor | Loredana | Smiley | Moga |
| 1 | Robert Costin | 36 | Bucharest | "You Raise Me Up" |  |  |  |  |
| 2 | Julia Dicu | 18 | Râmnicu Vâlcea, Vâlcea | "Hora din Moldova" |  |  |  |  |
| 3 | Matei Chioariu | 28 | Bucharest | "Long Train Runnin'" |  |  |  |  |
| 4 | Anda Dimitriu | 26 | Bucharest | "Crazy" |  |  |  |  |
| 5 | Simion Caragia | 19 | Timișoara, Timiș | "Let Her Go" |  |  |  |  |
| 6 | Tatiana Heghea | 26 | Chișinău, Moldova | "Un-Break My Heart" |  |  |  |  |
| 7 | Sergiu Cuzencov | 33 | Chișinău, Moldova | "Always on My Mind" |  |  |  |  |
| 8 | Tudor Man | 28 | Bucharest | "This Woman's Work" |  |  |  |  |
| 9 | Diana Bucșa | 27 | Bucharest | "Alone" |  |  |  |  |
| 10 | Bebe Panait | 30 | Voluntari, Ilfov | "Suspicious Minds" |  |  |  |  |
| 11 | Anne-Marie Ionescu | 20 | Bucharest | "Diamonds" |  |  |  |  |
| 12 | Botond Surányi | 25 | Satu Mare, Satu Mare | "When I Was Your Man" |  |  |  |  |

### Episode 7 (October 24)

The seventh and last blind audition episode aired on October 24, 2014.

| Order | Artist | Age | Hometown | Song | Coach's and contestant's choices | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | Tudor | Loredana | Smiley | Moga |
| 1 | Alina Anușca | 26 | Iași, Iași | "Rather Be" |  |  |  |  |
| 2 | Johannes Robert Chariton | 26 | Suceava, Suceava | "So Sick" |  |  |  |  |
| 3 | Andreea Victoria Ardeleanu | 17 | Alba-Iulia, Alba | "Pleacă" |  |  |  |  |
| 4 | Ligia Hojda | 26 | Sighetu Marmației, Maramureș | "I See Fire" |  |  |  |  |
| 5 | Maria Hojda | 24 | Sighetu Marmației, Maramureș | "A Little Party Never Killed Nobody (All We Got)" |  |  |  |  |
| 6 | Claudiu Rusu | 30 | Galați, Galați | "She Will Be Loved" |  |  |  |  |
| 7 | Amir Abo Zayed | 20 | Bucharest | "All of Me" |  |  |  |  |
| 8 | Ioana Satmari | 21 | Bucharest | "Alone" |  |  |  |  |
| 9 | Cătălina Bejenaru | 25 | Iași, Iași | "Stand by Me" |  |  |  |  |
| 10 | Florin Ciotlăuș | 19 | Cluj-Napoca, Cluj | "Here Without You" |  |  |  |  |
| 11 | Șerban Silaghi | 17 | Tășnad, Satu Mare | "Sorry Seems to Be the Hardest Word" |  |  |  |  |
| 12 | Caroline Schally | 24 | Bucharest | "Son of a Preacher Man" |  |  |  |  |

## The battles

After the blind auditions, each coach had fourteen contestants for the battle rounds, which aired from October 31 to November 14, 2014. Coaches began narrowing down the playing field by training the contestants. Each episode featured eight or ten battles consisting of pairings from within each team, and each battle concluding with the respective coach eliminating one of the two contestants. Each coach could steal one losing contestant from another team, thus saving them from elimination. There was no sing-off at the end of the battles.

Color key

|  | Artist won the battle and advanced to the next round |
| --- | --- |
|  | Artist lost the battle, but was stolen by another coach |
|  | Artist lost the battle and was eliminated |

### Episode 8 (31 October)

The eighth episode aired on October 31, 2014.

| Coach | Order | Winner | Song | Loser | 'Steal' result | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | Tudor | Loredana | Smiley | Moga |
| Tudor Chirilă | 1 | Ivana Farc | "The Lady Is a Tramp" | Ruben Ciungan |  |  |  |  |
| Smiley | 2 | Fabian Sasu | "Rude" | Andrei Bălăceanu |  |  |  |  |
| Loredana Groza | 3 | Lucian Colareza | "Non amarmi" | Raluca Albu |  |  |  |  |
| Marius Moga | 4 | Maria Constantin | "Man Down" | Florentina Mihai |  |  |  |  |
| Smiley | 5 | Vladimir Pocorschi | "Born to Be Wild" | Tiberiu Albu |  |  |  |  |
| Loredana Groza | 6 | Florin Răduță | "I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)" | Bianca Ioniță |  |  |  |  |
| Marius Moga | 7 | Brigitta Balogh | "Torn" | Radu Mitrea |  |  |  |  |
| Tudor Chirilă | 8 | Florin Ciotlăuș | "How You Remind Me" | Matei Chioariu |  |  |  |  |
|

### Episode 9 (7 November)

The ninth episode aired on November 7, 2014.

| Coach | Order | Winner | Song | Loser | 'Steal' result | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | Tudor | Loredana | Smiley | Moga |
| Loredana Groza | 1 | Ilinca Băcilă | "Counting Stars" | Angela Vescu |  |  |  |  |
| Marius Moga | 2 | Alina Dogaru | "Thriller" | Marina Velle |  |  |  |  |
| Tudor Chirilă | 3 | Petra Acker | "I Put a Spell on You" | Elena Javelea |  |  |  |  |
| Smiley | 4 | Gelu Graur | "Tainted Love" | Cosmin Dragomir |  |  |  |  |
| Loredana Groza | 5 | Valentin Uzun | "Love Is Blindness" | Botond Surányi |  |  |  |  |
| Marius Moga | 6 | Anda Dimitriu | "Rehab" | Alexandra Bărăceanu |  |  |  |  |
| Smiley | 7 | Alina Anușca | "Unwritten" | Ana Maria Georgescu |  |  |  |  |
| Tudor Chirilă | 8 | Ligia Hojda | "Because of You" | Anca Petcu |  |  |  |  |
| Loredana Groza | 9 | Andrei Cheteleș | "Don't Stop Me Now" | Tatiana Heghea |  |  |  |  |
| Smiley | 10 | Alin Gheorghișan | "Let's Get It On" | Emilia Mușală |  |  |  |  |
|

### Episode 10 (14 November)

The tenth episode aired on November 14, 2014.

| Coach | Order | Winner | Song | Loser | 'Steal' result | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | Tudor | Loredana | Smiley | Moga |
| Loredana Groza | 1 | Maria Hojda | "Piece of My Heart" | Diana Popa |  |  |  |  |
| Smiley | 2 | Aliona Munteanu | "Say Something" | Claudiu Rusu |  |  |  |  |
| Marius Moga | 3 | Florian Rus | "Impossible" | Eliza Manda |  |  |  |  |
| Tudor Chirilă | 4 | Tudor Man | "One" | Bebe Panait |  |  |  |  |
| Marius Moga | 5 | Alexandru Bunghez | "Numb" | Caroline Schally |  |  |  |  |
| Loredana Groza | 6 | Ioana Satmari | "River Deep – Mountain High" | Roberta Radu |  |  |  |  |
| Smiley | 7 | Maria Șimandi | "All of Me" | Robert Costin |  |  |  |  |
| Tudor Chirilă | 8 | Andreea Avarvari | "Chandelier" | Larisa Mihăeș |  |  |  |  |
| Marius Moga | 9 | Ioan Bîgea | "Sexual Healing" | Diana Bucșa |  |  |  |  |
| Tudor Chirilă | 10 | Iulia Ferchiu | "Blue Jeans" | Ana Maria Andrei |  |  |  |  |

## Live shows

### Live Playoffs (Week 1 & Week 2)

Color key

|  | Artist was saved by the public vote |
| --- | --- |
|  | Artist was chosen by their coach |
|  | Artist was eliminated |

Four contestants from each team competed in each of the first two live shows, which aired on November 21 and 28, respectively. In either of the two shows, the public vote could save one contestant from each team, the second one being chosen by the coach. The other two contestants were eliminated.

**Week 1 (21 November)**

Episode 11 (November 21)
| Coach | Order | Artist | Song | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Smiley | 1 | Alin Gheorghișan | "Just a Gigolo" | Eliminated |
| | 2 | Maria Șimandi | "Virtual Insanity" | Public vote |
| | 3 | Alina Anușca | "All About That Bass" | Eliminated |
| | 4 | Vladimir Pocorschi | "Wicked Game" | Smiley's choice |
| Loredana Groza | 5 | Ilinca Băcilă | "It's Oh So Quiet" | Loredana's choice |
| | 6 | Valentin Uzun | "Canción del mariachi (Morena de mi corazón)" | Eliminated |
| | 7 | Maria Hojda | "Uninvited" | Public vote |
| | 8 | Lucian Colareza | "Héroe" / "Hero" | Eliminated |
| Marius Moga | 9 | Claudiu Rusu | "Blurred Lines" | Public vote |
| | 10 | Anda Dimitriu | "My Kind of Love" | Moga's choice |
| | 11 | Ioan Bîgea | "Unchain My Heart" | Eliminated |
| | 12 | Maria Constantin | "Hijo de la luna" | Eliminated |
| Tudor Chirilă | 13 | Andreea Avarvari | "Cry Baby" | Tudor's choice |
| | 14 | Ivana Farc | "Supermassive Black Hole" | Public vote |
| | 15 | Florin Ciotlăuș | "American Woman" | Eliminated |
| | 16 | Iulia Ferchiu | "That Don't Impress Me Much" | Eliminated |
|

Non-competition performances
| Order | Performer | Song |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 11.1 | Loredana Groza | "Risipitor" |
| 11.2 | PRO Dance Crew | "This Is Not a Game" |
|

**Week 2 (28 November)**

Episode 12 (November 28)
| Coach | Order | Artist | Song | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Marius Moga | 1 | Alexandru Bunghez | "Let Me Entertain You" | Moga's choice |
| | 2 | Alina Dogaru | "If I Ain't Got You" | Eliminated |
| | 3 | Florian Rus | "Sing" | Eliminated |
| | 4 | Brigitta Balogh | "Hurt" | Public vote |
| Tudor Chirilă | 5 | Tiberiu Albu | "Rock and Roll" | Tudor's choice |
| | 6 | Ligia Hojda | "Wrecking Ball" | Public vote |
| | 7 | Tudor Man | "The Man Who Can't Be Moved" | Eliminated |
| | 8 | Petra Acker | "Can't Stop" | Eliminated |
| Loredana Groza | 9 | Florin Răduță | "One Moment in Time" | Eliminated |
| | 10 | Andrei Cheteleș | "Blue Suede Shoes" | Loredana's choice |
| | 11 | Ioana Satmari | "If I Could Turn Back Time" | Eliminated |
| | 12 | Larisa Mihăeș | "Somebody to Love" | Public vote |
| Smiley | 13 | Fabian Sasu | "When a Woman Loves" | Eliminated |
| | 14 | Anca Petcu | "Happy" | Eliminated |
| | 15 | Gelu Graur | "Purple Rain" | Public vote |
| | 16 | Aliona Munteanu | "De-ar fi să vii" | Smiley's choice |

Non-competition performances
| Order | Performer | Song |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 12.1 | Episode 12 contestants | "Fii de România" |
| 12.2 | Medley: | |
| | Liviu Teodorescu | "Ești piesă" |
| | Adda | "Îți arăt că pot" |
| | Shift and Marius Moga | "Sus pe toc" |
| | Marius Moga, Adda, Liviu Teodorescu, Shift | "Pe barba mea" |

### Quarterfinals (Week 3)

All 16 remaining contestants competed in the third live show on December 5, 2014. Voting proceeded as before.

Episode 13 (December 5)
| Coach | Order | Artist | Song | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Smiley | 1 | Vladimir Pocorschi | "Smells Like Teen Spirit" | Eliminated |
| Tudor Chirilă | 2 | Ivana Farc | "Over the Rainbow" | Eliminated |
| Loredana Groza | 3 | Andrei Cheteleș | "Hallelujah I Love Her So" | Eliminated |
| Marius Moga | 4 | Alexandru Bunghez | "The Show Must Go On" | Eliminated |
| Smiley | 5 | Maria Șimandi | "Feeling Good" | Eliminated |
| Tudor Chirilă | 6 | Andreea Avarvari | "Perfect" | Eliminated |
| Loredana Groza | 7 | Larisa Mihăeș | "Let Her Go" | Eliminated |
| Marius Moga | 8 | Claudiu Rusu | "White Christmas" | Eliminated |
| Smiley | 9 | Aliona Munteanu | "Titanium" | Smiley's choice |
| Tudor Chirilă | 10 | Tiberiu Albu | "Dream On" | Public vote |
| Loredana Groza | 11 | Maria Hojda | "She Wolf (Falling to Pieces)" | Public vote |
| Marius Moga | 12 | Brigitta Balogh | "Free Your Mind" | Moga's choice |
| Smiley | 13 | Gelu Graur | "Sweet Child o' Mine" | Public vote |
| Tudor Chirilă | 14 | Ligia Hojda | "My Immortal" | Tudor's choice |
| Loredana Groza | 15 | Ilinca Băcilă | "You & I" | Loredana's choice |
| Marius Moga | 16 | Anda Dimitriu | "Believe" | Public vote |

Non-competition performances
| Order | Performer | Song |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 13.1 | Vama | "Victoria ta" |
| 13.2 | Smiley | "I Wish" |

### Semi-final (Week 4)

All eight remaining contestants performed two songs each in the semi-final on Saturday, December 12, 2014: a solo song and a trio with the coach and the other contestant in their team. Within each team, the coach and the viewers had a 40/60 say; the contestant with the highest combined percentage went on to the final.

Episode 14 (December 12)
| Coach | Order | Artist | Solo Song | Order | Trio Song | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Loredana Groza | 1 | Ilinca Băcilă | "He Taught Me How to Yodel" | 8 | "Mi-am pus busuioc în păr | Eliminated |
| | 5 | Maria Hojda | "Memory" | | | Advanced |
| Tudor Chirilă | 2 | Tiberiu Albu | "You Shook Me All Night Long" | 10 | "Cântec prost" | Advanced |
| | 12 | Ligia Hojda | "I Dreamed a Dream" | | | Eliminated |
| Marius Moga | 4 | Brigitta Balogh | "If I Were a Boy" | 6 | Medley: "Tot mai sus", "Timpul", "K la meteo", "Taxi", "Angels (Love Is the Answer)" & "Beijo (Uh-La-La)" | Eliminated |
| | 11 | Anda Dimitriu | "Spune-mi" | | | Advanced |
| Smiley | 7 | Gelu Graur | "At Last" | 3 | "E bine, bine, e foarte bine" | Eliminated |
| | 9 | Aliona Munteanu | "I (Who Have Nothing)" | | | Advanced |
|

Non-competition performances
| Order | Performer | Song |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 14.1 | Alexandra Stan | "Cherry Pop" |
| 14.2 | Alexandra Stan | "Vanilla Chocolat" |

Results
| Coach | Finalist | | Coach/televote percentages | Eliminated | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Smiley | Aliona Munteanu | 60.8% | 50.0%  50.0% | 39.2% | Gelu Graur |
| | | | 68.0%  32.0% | | |
| Tudor Chirilă | Tiberiu Albu | 53.6% | 50.0%  50.0% | 46.4% | Ligia Hojda |
| | | | 56.0%  44.0% | | |
| Marius Moga | Anda Dimitriu | 51.5% | 50.0%  50.0% | 48.5% | Brigitta Balogh |
| | | | 52.5%  47.5% | | |
| Loredana Groza | Maria Hojda | 60.7% | 50.0%  50.0% | 39.3% | Ilinca Băcilă |
| | | | 67.9%  32.1% | | |

### Final (Week 5)

The top 4 contestants performed in the grand final on Friday, December 19, 2014. This week, the four finalists performed a solo song, a duet with a well-known musician (or group of musicians) and a duet with their coach. The public vote determined the winner, and that resulted in a victory for Tiberiu Albu, Tudor Chirilă's first victory as a coach.

Episode 15 (December 19)
| Coach | Artist | Order | Solo Song | Order | Duet Song (with musician) | Order | Duet Song (with coach) | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Smiley | Aliona Munteanu | 1 | "Let It Go" | 5 | "Andrii Popa" / "Vara la țară"<br>(with Mircea Baniciu)<br> | 9 | "Stay with Me" | Fourth place |
| Tudor Chirilă | Tiberiu Albu | 10 | "Stairway to Heaven" | 2 | "The Phantom of the Opera"<br>(with Irina Baianț)<br> | 6 | "Ana" | Winner |
| Loredana Groza | Maria Hojda | 7 | "Because of You" | 11 | "Ave Maria" / "Ameno" <br>(with Brio Sonores)<br> | 3 | Traditional song from Maramureș / "Cât îi Maramureșul"***** | Third place |
| Marius Moga | Anda Dimitriu | 4 | "All by Myself" | 8 | "The Lonely Shepherd" / "Lie, ciocârlie" <br>(with Gheorghe Zamfir)<br> | 12 | "Amazing Grace" / "Oh Happy Day" | Runner-up |

***** Flavia, Francesca and Augustin, Maria's siblings, joined Maria and Loredana for the performance.

Non-competition performances
| Order | Performer | Song |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Pavel Bartoș | Parody medley:<br>"Bună seara, iubito!"<br>"Cai verzi pe pereți"<br>"Nu am chef azi"<br>"Tot mai sus" |
| 2 | David Bisbal | "Diez mil maneras" |
| 3 | Inna | "Strigă!" / "Diggy Down" |
| 4 | David Bisbal | "No amanece" |
| 5 | Mihai Chițu | "Tot ce vreau" |

## Elimination chart

Color key Artist info   Result details

### Overall

| # | | Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | Final |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Tiberiu Albu |  | Safe | Safe | Safe (53.6%) | **Winner** |
|  | Anda Dimitriu | Safe |  | Safe | Safe (51.5%) | Runner-up |
|  | Maria Hojda | Safe |  | Safe | Safe (60.7%) | 3rd place |
|  | Aliona Munteanu |  | Safe | Safe | Safe (60.8%) | 4th place |
|  | Brigitta Balogh |  | Safe | Safe | Eliminated (48.5%) | Eliminated<br>(Week 4)<br> |
|  | Ligia Hojda |  | Safe | Safe | | Eliminated (46.4%) |
|  | Ilinca Băcilă | Safe |  | Safe | | Eliminated (39.3%) |
|  | Gelu Graur |  | Safe | Safe | | Eliminated (39.2%) |
|  | Alexandru Bunghez |  | Safe | Eliminated | Eliminated<br>(Week 3) | |
|  | Claudiu Rusu | Safe |  | | Eliminated |
|  | Larisa Mihăeș |  | Safe | | Eliminated |
|  | Andrei Cheteleș |  | Safe | | Eliminated |
|  | Andreea Avarvari | Safe |  | | Eliminated |
|  | Ivana Farc | Safe |  | | Eliminated |
|  | Vladimir Pocorschi | Safe |  | | Eliminated |
|  | Maria Șimandi | Safe |  | | Eliminated |
|  | Anca Petcu |  | Eliminated | Eliminated<br>(Week 2) | | |
|  | Fabian Sasu |  | | Eliminated |
|  | Florin Răduță |  | | Eliminated |
|  | Ioana Satmari |  | | Eliminated |
|  | Petra Acker |  | | Eliminated |
|  | Tudor Man |  | | Eliminated |
|  | Alina Dogaru |  | | Eliminated |
|  | Florian Rus |  | | Eliminated |
|  | Florin Ciotlăuș | Eliminated | Eliminated <br>(Week 1) | | | |
|  | Iulia Ferchiu | | Eliminated |
|  | Ioan Bîgea | | Eliminated |
|  | Maria Constantin | | Eliminated |
|  | Lucian Colareza | | Eliminated |
|  | Valentin Uzun | | Eliminated |
|  | Alina Anușca | | Eliminated |
|  | Alin Gheorghișan | | Eliminated |
|

## Controversies

Matei Sorescu, Claudiu Zamfira and Cezar Dometi, contestants in season 2, criticized the fourth season, claiming that the contestants' voices had been digitally manipulated.

## Ratings

| Phase | # | Original airdate | Timeslot<br>(EEST / EET) | Target | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sources |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | National | | | | | Urban | | | | | 18–49 | | | | |
| | | | | Rk | Pk<br>(000) | Avg<br>(000) | Rtg<br>(%) | Shr<br>(%) | Rk | Pk<br>(000) | Avg<br>(000) | Rtg<br>(%) | Shr<br>(%) | Rk | Avg<br>(000) | Rtg<br>(%) | Shr<br>(%) | |
| Blind auditions | 1 | September 16, 2014 | Tuesday, 8:30 PM | 1 | 2,500 | 1,915 | 10.3 | 20.8 | 1 | 1,470 | 1,128 | 11.2 | 22.1 | 1 | 736 | 14.7 | 34.6 |  |
| | 2 | September 19, 2014 | Friday, 8:30 PM | 1 | 2,460 | 1,708 | 9.2 | 19.0 | 1 | 1,420 | 1,009 | 10.0 | 20.4 | 1 | 605 | 12.0 | 27.5 |  |
| | | 3 | September 26, 2014 | 1 | 2,730 | 2,034 | 11.0 | 21.0 | 1 | 1,720 | 1,181 | 11.7 | 22.5 | 1 | 688 | 13.6 | 30.9 |  |
| | | 4 | October 3, 2014 | 1 | 2,660 | 2,091 | 11.3 | 21.6 | 1 | 1,630 | 1,203 | 12.0 | 23.1 | 1 | 726 | 14.5 | 31.2 |  |
| | | 5 | October 10, 2014 | 1 | 2,650 | 1,930 | 10.4 | 20.0 | 1 | 1,670 | 1,146 | 11.4 | 21.9 | 1 | 705 | 14.1 | 32.1 |  |
| | | 6 | October 17, 2014 | 1 | 2,758 | 2,090 | 11.3 | 21.4 | 1 | 1,534 | 1,189 | 11.8 | 22.2 | 1 | 722 | 14.3 | 30.7 |  |
| | | 7 | October 24, 2014 | 1 | 2,795 | 2,149 | 11.6 | 21.1 | 1 | 1,511 | 1,132 | 11.2 | 20.4 | 1 | 715 | 14.3 | 29.8 |  |
| Battles | | 8 | October 31, 2014 | 1 | 2,301 | 1,745 | 9.4 | 19.1 | 1 | 1,272 | 920 | 9.1 | 18.8 | 1 | 577 | 11.4 | 27.1 |  |
| | | 9 | November 7, 2014 | 1 |  | 1,522 | 8.2 | 19.5 | 1 |  | 853 | 8.5 | 19.3 | 1 | 526 | 10.5 | 26.7 |  |
| | | 10 | November 14, 2014 | 2 |  | 1,309 | 7.1 | 14.7 | 2 |  | 755 | 7.5 | 15.2 | 1 | 476 | 9.5 | 22.4 |  |
| Live shows | | 11 | November 21, 2014 | 1 |  | 1,242 | 6.7 | 16.9 | 1 |  | 757 | 7.5 | 17.9 | 1 | 454 | 9.0 | 24.8 |  |
| | | 12 | November 28, 2014 | 1 |  | 1,206 | 6.5 | 16.4 | 1 |  | 668 | 6.6 | 16.0 | 1 | 338 | 7.8 | 21.1 |  |
| | | 13 | December 5, 2014 | 1 |  | 1,095 | 5.9 | 15.3 | 1 |  | 616 | 6.1 | 14.9 | 1 | 384 | 7.6 | 20.7 |  |
| Semi-final | | 14 | December 12, 2014 | 1 | 1,979 | 1,205 | 6.5 | 17.3 | 1 | 1,135 | 723 | 7.2 | 18.3 | 1 | 440 | 8.8 | 25.0 |  |
| Final | | 15 | December 19, 2014 | 1 | 2,224 | 1,664 | 9.0 | 20.7 | 1 | 1,237 | 952 | 9.5 | 21.8 | 1 | 560 | 11.2 | 29.3 |  |

## InfoBox

| *Vocea României* | |
| --- | --- |
| Season 4 | |
|  | |
| Hosted by | Pavel Bartoș |
| Coaches | Tudor Chirilă<br>Loredana Groza<br>Smiley<br>Marius Moga |
| Winner | Tiberiu Albu |
| Winning coach | Tudor Chirilă |
| Runner-up | Anda Dimitriu |
|  | |
| No. of episodes | 15 |
| Release | |
| Original network | ProTV |
| Original release | September 16 (2014-09-16) <br>December 19, 2014 (2014-12-19) |
| Season chronology | |


title: Eucerin

abstract: Eucerin is a trademarked brand of Beiersdorf AG. In addition to body and face care products, Eucerin offers sun protectant and cleansing products.

text:
# Eucerin

**Eucerin** is a trademarked brand of Beiersdorf AG. In addition to body and face care products, Eucerin offers sun protectant and cleansing products.

## History

In 1900, Isaac Lifschütz manufactured a non-perishable and sleek ointment base consisting of Eucerit, water and oil, naming it Eucerin.

Two years later, in 1902, Lifschütz achieved the patent for his manufacture in Germany.

In 1911, Oscar Troplowitz, who took over the Beiersdorf company from its founder Paul C. Beiersdorf in 1890, bought the patent and a few years later the first Eucerin products (iodine creme, loose powder) were introduced on the German market.

In the 1980s the brand was launched by Beiersdorf affiliates globally, including the USA. Since 1996 the brand also offers facial care products.

## InfoBox

Eucerin
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Product type | Skin care brand |
| Owner | Beiersdorf AG |
| Introduced | 1902 (1902) |
| Website | www.eucerinus.com |


title: Ornativalva

abstract: Ornativalva is a genus of moths in the family Gelechiidae.

text:
# Ornativalva

***Ornativalva*** is a genus of moths in the family Gelechiidae.

## Species

*Heluanensis* species-group

*Erubescens* species-group

*Ornatella* species-group

*Plicella* species-group

*Tamariciella* species-group

*Plutelliformis* species-group

*Cerostomatella* species-group

*incertae sedis*

* Bidzilya, O.V., 2009: Two new remarkable species of the genus *Ornativalva* GOZMÁNY, 1955 (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from Uzbekistan. *Entomofauna* **0030**: 265-272.
* Li, H.-H. & Z.-M. Zheng, 1996: Three New Species and Three New Records of The Genus *Ornativalva* Gozmany From Xinjiang,China (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae). *Zoological Research* **39 (4)**: 329-336.

## InfoBox

| *Ornativalva* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Subfamily: | Anomologinae |
| Genus: | *Ornativalva*<br>Gozmány, 1955 |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pelostola* Janse, 1960 | |


title: Worthing and District Football League

abstract: The Worthing and District Football League was a football competition based in Sussex, England. For the 2014–15 season the league was absorbed into the Brighton, Hove & District Football League.

text:
# Worthing and District Football League

The **Worthing and District Football League** was a football competition based in Sussex, England.

For the 2014–15 season the league was absorbed into the Brighton, Hove & District Football League.

## Recent Division Winners

| **Season** | **Premier Division** | **Division One** | **Division Two** | **Division Three** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **2000–01** | GSK Sports | The Brunswick | The Globe | LA Dolphins |
| **2001–02** | Warren Sports | West Worthing WMC | Durrington RAFA | Adur Athletic |
| **2002–03** | Sompting | Goring St.Theresa's | L&S Athletic | East Worthing |
| **2003–04** | GSK Sports | Revenue | East Worthing | Worthing Rebels |
| **2004–05** | GSK Sports | Adur Athletic | Worthing Albion | Adur Athletic Reserves |
| **2005–06** | Worthing Wanderers | Northbrook | L&S Athletic Reserves | Shoreham RBL |
| **2006–07** | L&S Athletic | Jolly Brewers | Shoreham RBL | Worthing Wanderers Reserves |
| **2007–08** | L&S Athletic | Warren Sports Reserves | Fern Estates | Athletico Wenban-Smith |
| **2008–09** | L&S Athletic | GSK Sports Reserves | Ferring Reserves | *(no competition)* |
| **2009–10** | Ferring | Worthing Leisure | Broadwater Cricket Club | *(no competition)* |
| **2010–11** | Worthing Leisure | Goring Rangers | Worthing BCOB Reserves | *(no competition)* |
| **2011–12** | Sompting | L&S Athletic Reserves | AFC Boundstone | *(no competition)* |
| **2012–13** | L%S Athletic | Goring | Sompting Reserves | *(no competition)* |
| **2013–14** | Worthing Leisure | George & Dragon | Broadwater Cricket Club | *(no competition)* |
|

## Recent Cup Winners

| Season | Charity Cup | Mike Smith Trophy | Walmsley Cup | Benevolent Cup | Croshaw Cup | Division Three Trophy |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **2000–01** | Sompting | Maple Leaf Rangers | Flex United | *(no competition)* | Tabernacle Reserves | LA Dolphins |
| **2001–02** | Northbrook | Northbrook | Tabernacle Reserves | Woodside | West Worthing WMC Reserves | Woodside |
| **2002–03** | Sompting | GSK Sports | Worthing Athletic | East Worthing | GSK Sports Reserves | East Worthing |
| **2003–04** | GSK Sports | Revenue | St Mary's | The Globe Reserves | Revenue Reserves | GSK Sports 'B' |
| **2004–05** | Worthing Wanderers | Worthing Wanderers | East Worthing | Worthing Wanderers Reserves | Adur Athletic Reserves | RJ Cleaning |
| **2005–06** | Revenue | Worthing Wanderers | Durrington RAFA | Shoreham RBL | Adur Athletic Reserves | Shoreham RBL |
| **2006–07** | Warren Sports | Worthing Wanderers | Adur Athletic Reserves | TMG | *(no competition)* | Worthing Wanderers Reserves |
| **2007–08** | Worthing Athletic | L&S Athletic | Fern Estates | Lancing United 'B' | Warren Sports Reserves | Athletico Wenban Smith |
| **2008–09** | L&S Athletic | Worthing Athletic | GSK Sports Reserves | Ferring Reserves | L&S Athletic Reserves | *(no competition)* |
| **2009–10** | L&S Athletic | Ferring | Worthing Leisure | Broadwater Cricket Club | GSK Sports Reserves | *(no competition)* |
| **2010–11** | Ferring Reserves | Worthing Leisure | Real Rustington | Adur Athletic Reserves | Worthing BCOB Reserves | *(no competition)* |
| **2011–12** | L&S Athletic | Sompting |  | Goring Cricket Club | KSG Chaplain Athletic Reserves | *(no competition)* |
| **2012–13** | Worthing Leisure | Worthing Leisure | Worthing Leisure Reserves | Maybridge | Adur Athletic | *(no competition)* |
| **2013–14** | Goring | Sompting | George & Dragon | AFC Romans | *(no competition)* | *(no competition)* |


title: Naval Battle of Hakodate

abstract: Naval Battle of Hakodate The Naval Battle of Hakodate was fought from 4 to 10 May 1869, between the remnants of the Tokugawa shogunate navy, consolidated into the armed forces of the rebel Ezo Republic, and the newly formed Imperial Japanese Navy. It was one of the last stages of Battle of Hakodate during the Boshin War, and occurred near Hakodate in the northern Japanese island of Hokkaidō.

text:
# Naval Battle of Hakodate

The **Naval Battle of Hakodate** (函館湾海戦, *Hakodatewan Kaisen*) was fought from 4 to 10 May 1869, between the remnants of the Tokugawa shogunate navy, consolidated into the armed forces of the rebel Ezo Republic, and the newly formed Imperial Japanese Navy. It was one of the last stages of Battle of Hakodate during the Boshin War, and occurred near Hakodate in the northern Japanese island of Hokkaidō.

## Ezo Republic forces

The naval forces of the Ezo Republic were grouped around the warship *Kaiten*. The fleet originally consisted of eight steamships: *Kaiten*, *Banryū*, Japanese gunboat *Chiyoda*, *Chōgei*, *Kaiyō Maru*, *Kanrin Maru*, *Mikaho* and *Shinsoku*.

However, *Kaiyō Maru* and *Shinsoku* had been lost in a previous engagement in front of Esashi, and *Kanrin Maru* had been captured by Imperial forces after suffering damage in bad weather. The loss of these three major units seriously weakened the Ezo Republic side.

## Imperial forces

For the operation, an Imperial Japanese Navy fleet had been rapidly constituted around the recently acquired ironclad warship *Kōtetsu* (the former Confederacy CSS *Stonewall*), which had been purchased from the United States. Other Imperial ships were *Kasuga*, *Hiryū*, *Teibō* No.1, *Yōshun*, and *Mōshun*, which had been supplied by the domains of Saga, Chōshū and Satsuma to the newly formed Meiji government in 1868.

The nascent Imperial government started with a much weaker navy than that of the Ezo Republic, both in terms of vessel strength, unity (most of its ships were borrowed from Western domains), and training. However the loss of two major units on the Ezo side previous to the main action (*Kaiyō Maru* and *Kanrin Maru*), and most of all, the incorporation of the revolutionary *Kōtetsu* since April 1868 on the Imperial side (a ship originally ordered by the Tokugawa shogunate but withheld by the United States during the main conflict under a policy of neutrality taken by foreign nation and finally delivered to the newly formed government), turned the tables. In addition, the Imperial government received the support of two transportation ships chartered by the United States for the transportation of its troops.

## Combat

The Imperial fleet supported the deployment of troops on the island of Hokkaidō, destroyed onshore fortifications and attacked the rebel ships. On 4 May *Chiyoda* was captured by Imperial forces after having been abandoned in a grounding and on 7 May *Kaiten* was heavily hit and put out of action. *Banryū* managed to sink the Imperial forces' *Chōyō*, but *Banryū* later sank in turn because of heavy damage.

The Imperial Japanese Navy won the engagement, ultimately leading to the surrender of the Republic of Ezo at the end of June 1869.

Ships of foreign navies  the British HMS *Pearl* and the French *Coetlogon*  were standing by neutrally during the conflict. The French captain Jules Brunet who had trained the rebels and helped organize their defenses, surrendered on *Coetlogon* on 8 June.

The future Admiral of the fleet Tōgō Heihachirō participated in the battle on the Imperial side as a young third-class officer, onboard *Kasuga*.

## Bibliography

* Ballard C. B., Vice-Admiral G. A. *The Influence of the Sea on the Political History of Japan*. London: John Murray, 1921.
* Jentschura, Hansgeorg; Dieter Jung, Peter Mickel. *Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869–1945*. United States Naval Institute, Annapolis, Maryland, 1977. ISBN 0-87021-893-X.
* Onodera Eikō, *Boshin Nanboku Senso to Tohoku Seiken*. Sendai: Kita no Sha, 2004.

## InfoBox

| Naval Battle of Hakodate | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of the Boshin War | |
|
*Battle of Hakodate*, William Henry Webster | |
| Date 4 May – 10 May 1869  Location Off Hakodate, Sea of Japan  Result  Imperial victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| Japan | Ezo Republic |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Masuda Toranosuke | Arai Ikunosuke
Bankichi Matsuoka |
| Strength | |
| 8 steam warships | 5 steam warships |
| Casualties and losses | |
| 1 steam warship sunk | 2 steam warships sunk
3 steam warships captured |


title: Naval Battle in the Gulf of Naples

abstract: Naval Battle in the Gulf of Naples is an oil painting on panel by the Flemish Renaissance artist Pieter Bruegel the Elder, painted from 1558 to 1562. It is in the Doria Pamphilj Gallery in Rome.

text:
# Naval Battle in the Gulf of Naples

***Naval Battle in the Gulf of Naples*** is an oil painting on panel by the Flemish Renaissance artist Pieter Bruegel the Elder, painted from 1558 to 1562. It is in the Doria Pamphilj Gallery in Rome.

## Painting

Bruegel traveled to the Italian peninsula with Abraham Ortelius in 1551 and 1553. They stopped in Rome, Naples, and Messina. Many drawings were produced, including one depicting a naval confrontation in the Straits of Messina, which was turned into an engraving by Frans Huys. The *veduta* takes historical and topographical licenses: no such battle occurred in precisely this setting, nor does the harbor resemble Bruegel's depiction. The exact date of the composition is disputed; scholars do agree, however, that the volcano and its positioning seem to reflect Bruegel's neoplatonic pantheism.

## InfoBox

| Naval Battle in the Gulf of Naples | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Artist | Pieter Bruegel the Elder |
| Year | 1558–1562 |
| Type | Oil on panel |
| Dimensions | 42 cm × 71 cm (17 in × 28 in) |
| Location | Doria Pamphilj Gallery, Rome |


title: Nawalapitiya Electoral District

abstract: Nawalapitiya electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between August 1947 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Nawalapitiya in Kandy District, Central Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Nawalapitiya electoral district was replaced by the Kandy multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections, the first under the proportional representation system.

text:
# Nawalapitiya Electoral District

**Nawalapitiya electoral district** was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between August 1947 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Nawalapitiya in Kandy District, Central Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Nawalapitiya electoral district was replaced by the Kandy multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections, the first under the proportional representation system.

## Members of Parliament

**Key**

Independent   SLFP   UNP

| Election | | Member | Party | Term |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1947 | K. Rajalingam | CIC | 1947-1952 |
|  | 1952 | Robert Edward Jayatilaka | Independent | 1952-1956 |
|  | 1956 | | | 1956-1960 |
|  | 1960 (March) | R. S. Pelpola | SLFP | 1960 |
|  | 1960 (July) | | | 1960-1965 |
|  | 1965 | Chandra Karunaratne | UNP | 1965-1970 |
|  | 1970 | M. S. Aluthgamage | SLFP | 1970-1977 |
|  | 1977 | Chandra Karunaratne | UNP | 1977-1989 |

## Elections

### 1947 Parliamentary General Election

Results of the 1st parliamentary election held between 23 August 1947 and 20 September 1947:

| Candidate | Party | Symbol | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| K. Rajalingam | Ceylon India Congress | Cartwheel | 7,933 | 49.97 |
| Robert Edward Jayatilaka | Ceylon Labour Party | Umbrella | 6,491 | 40.58 |
| A. H. de Silva | Independent | Elephant | 787 | 4.92 |
| S. N. Ponniah | Independent | Hand | 336 | 2.10 |
| **Valid Votes** | | | **15,547** | **97.19** |
| Rejected Votes | | | 450 | 2.81 |
| Total Polled | | | 15,997 | 100.00 |
| Registered Electors | | | 22,580 |  |
| Turnout | | | | 70.85 |

### 1952 Parliamentary General Election

Results of the 2nd parliamentary election held between 24 May 1952 and 30 May 1952:

| Candidate | Party | Symbol | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Robert Edward Jayatilaka | Ceylon Labour Party | Star | 4,955 | 74.79 |
| Don Peter Setunga | Independent | Elephant | 965 | 14.45 |
| K. Shelton de Silva | Lanka Sama Samaja Party | Umbrella | 709 | 10.62 |
| **Valid Votes** | | | **6,629** | **99.25** |
| Rejected Votes | | | 50 | 0.75 |
| Total Polled | | | 6,679 | 100.00 |
| Registered Electors | | | 10,082 |  |
| Turnout | | | | 66.25 |

### 1956 Parliamentary General Election

Results of the 3rd parliamentary election held between 5 April 1956 and 10 April 1956:

| Candidate | Party | Symbol | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Robert Edward Jayatilaka | Ceylon Labour Party | Hand | 3,592 | 46.09 |
| H. E. Wijesuriya | United National Party | Elephant | 2,961 | 37.99 |
| S. Marasinghe |  | Key | 1,193 | 15.31 |
| **Valid Votes** | | | **7,746** | **99.38** |
| Rejected Votes | | | 48 | 0.62 |
| Total Polled | | | 7,794 | 100.00 |
| Registered Electors | | | 10,950 |  |
| Turnout | | | | 71.18 |

### 1960 (March) Parliamentary General Election

Results of the 4th parliamentary election held on 19 March 1960:

| Candidate | Party | Symbol | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| R. S. Pelpola | Sri Lanka Freedom Party | Hand | 7,200 | 40.52 |
| T. A. Keerthinanda | United National Party | Elephant | 4,545 | 25.58 |
| Robert Edward Jayatilaka | Lanka Prajathanthravadi Pakshaya | Umbrella | 2,707 | 15.23 |
| S. Marasinghe |  | Key | 2,198 | 12.37 |
| P. A. D. Perera |  | Clock | 776 | 4.37 |
| Sudharma Podiralaham |  | Book | 103 | 0.58 |
| **Valid Votes** | | | **17,529** | **98.65** |
| Rejected Votes | | | 240 | 1.35 |
| Total Polled | | | 17,769 | 100.00 |
| Registered Electors | | | 23,020 |  |
| Turnout | | | | 77.19 |

### 1960 (July) Parliamentary General Election

Results of the 5th parliamentary election held on 20 July 1960:

| Candidate | Party | Symbol | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| R. S. Pelpola | Sri Lanka Freedom Party | Hand | 8,600 | 49.57 |
| Chandra Karunaratne | United National Party | Elephant | 6,874 | 39.62 |
| Robert Edward Jayatilaka | Lanka Prajathanthravadi Pakshaya | Umbrella | 1,731 | 9.98 |
| **Valid Votes** | | | **17,205** | **99.18** |
| Rejected Votes | | | 143 | 0.82 |
| Total Polled | | | 17,348 | 100.00 |
| Registered Electors | | | 23,020 |  |
| Turnout | | | | 75.36 |

### 1965 Parliamentary General Election

Results of the 6th parliamentary election held on 22 March 1965:

| Candidate | Party | Symbol | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Chandra Karunaratne | United National Party | Elephant | 12,754 | 50.20 |
| R. S. Pelpola | Sri Lanka Freedom Party | Hand | 10,873 | 42.80 |
| Robert Edward Jayatilaka | Independent | Chair | 1,403 | 5.52 |
| **Valid Votes** | | | **25,030** | **98.52** |
| Rejected Votes | | | 376 | 1.48 |
| Total Polled | | | 25,406 | 100.00 |
| Registered Electors | | | 30,422 |  |
| Turnout | | | | 83.51 |

### 1970 Parliamentary General Election

Results of the 7th parliamentary election held on 27 May 1970:

| Candidate | Party | Symbol | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| M. S. Aluthgamage | Sri Lanka Freedom Party | Hand | 16,774 | 54.41 |
| Chandra Karunaratne | United National Party | Elephant | 13,672 | 44.35 |
| A. R. M. Abdul Cader |  | Bell | 92 | 0.30 |
| **Valid Votes** | | | **30,541** | **99.07** |
| Rejected Votes | | | 286 | 0.93 |
| Total Polled | | | 30,827 | 100.00 |
| Registered Electors | | | 35,901 |  |
| Turnout | | | | 85.87 |

### 1977 Parliamentary General Election

Results of the 8th parliamentary election held on 21 July 1977:

| Candidate | Party | Symbol | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Chandra Karunaratne | United National Party | Elephant | 20,946 | 61.87 |
| M. S. Aluthgamage | Sri Lanka Freedom Party | Hand | 11,739 | 34.67 |
| Sugathapala Wimalaratne |  | Star | 950 | 2.81 |
| M. P. John |  | Flower | 129 | 0.38 |
| A. Ramanathan |  | Eye | 92 | 0.27 |
| **Valid Votes** | | | **33,770** | **99.75** |
| Rejected Votes | | | 86 | 0.25 |
| Total Polled | | | 33,856 | 100.00 |
| Registered Electors | | | 39,569 |  |
| Turnout | | | | 85.56 |


title: Pogonota barbata

abstract: Pogonota barbata is a species of fly belonging to the family Scathophagidae. It is native to Europe and Northern America.

text:
# Pogonota barbata

***Pogonota barbata*** is a species of fly belonging to the family Scathophagidae.

It is native to Europe and Northern America.

## InfoBox

| *Pogonota barbata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Scathophagidae |
| Genus: | *Pogonota* |
| Species: | ***P. barbata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pogonota barbata***<br>(Zetterstedt, 1838) | |
|


title: Leon Rhodes

abstract: Leon Rhodes was an American country music musician. A guitarist, he primarily played behind Ernest Tubb as part of the Texas Troubadours and later was a house band member for the television programs Grand Ole Opry and Hee Haw. Rhodes also played as a session musician for various country singers such as Willie Nelson, Waylon Jennings, Loretta Lynn, George Strait, and John Denver, among others. Rhodes was regarded as one of the foremost country guitarists of his era for his quickness and accuracy. During his time with the Troubadours, Rhodes developed recognition as Tubb would often introduce him by name prior to his guitar solos.

text:
# Leon Rhodes

**Leon Rhodes** (March 10, 1932 – December 9, 2017) was an American country music musician. A guitarist, he primarily played behind Ernest Tubb as part of the Texas Troubadours and later was a house band member for the television programs *Grand Ole Opry* and *Hee Haw*. Rhodes also played as a session musician for various country singers such as Willie Nelson, Waylon Jennings, Loretta Lynn, George Strait, and John Denver, among others.

Rhodes was regarded as one of the foremost country guitarists of his era for his quickness and accuracy. During his time with the Troubadours, Rhodes developed recognition as Tubb would often introduce him by name prior to his guitar solos.

## Life and career

### 1932–1959: Early life and beginnings

Leon Rhodes was born on March 10, 1932, in Dallas, Texas. He was born into a musically inclined family as his father, James Edward Rhodes, played the guitar and harmonica while his mother, May Rhodes (née Meharg), was a pianist. Rhodes began to teach himself to play guitar at the age of ten. Rhodes and his family were Pentecostalists, and he played at dances for his church.

When Rhodes was 16 years old, he was hired for his first job in the music industry as a member of "The Big D Jamboree" radio program on Dallas station KRLD. He received his first recording opportunities in the 1950s, when he worked as a session musician for fellow Texans Lefty Frizzell and Ray Price. Rhodes also played at the Silver Spur Club and the Longhorn Ballroom for owner Jack Ruby, the man later known for killing Lee Harvey Oswald in the wake of the assassination of John F. Kennedy.

### 1959–1967: Ernest Tubb and the Texas Troubadours

In 1959, Rhodes played a set at the Longhorn Ballroom prior to an evening performance at the venue by Ernest Tubb and the Texas Troubadours. One of the Troubadours, steel guitarist Buddy Emmons, asked Rhodes to play in Tubb's style and invited him to work with the band in Nashville. Rhodes initially turned down the offer but eventually agreed to partake in a two-week tour with the band. By 1960, he was hired as the lead guitarist for the group. He toured with the Troubadours for 200 to 300 days a year and recorded with them. Rhodes was credited on 12 Tubb albums, including *Thanks a Lot* (1964) and *My Pick of the Hits* (1965). Rhodes also backed Tubb on *Mr. and Mrs. Used to Be*, a 1965 collaborative album with Loretta Lynn. In 1966, Rhodes and several of his Troubadour bandmates worked with Willie Nelson on his album *Country Favorites – Willie Nelson Style*. *Another Story*, the final Troubadours project involving Rhodes, was released in 1967 and was the band's most successful studio album as it peaked at sixth on *Billboard* magazine's Top Country Albums chart. Rhodes left the Troubadours in December 1966.

### 1967–2014: Sideman career and session work

A week after departing the Texas Troubadours, Rhodes joined the house band for the Nashville-based television program *Grand Ole Opry* in 1967. At the time, Jimmy "Spider" Wilson was the only other guitarist on the staff, and other contemporaries during his arrival included pianist Jerry Whitehurst, bassist Roy Huskey, and fiddler Ed Hyde. Rhodes was already familiar with most of the artists on the show from his time touring with Tubb.

In 1971, Rhodes joined the house band for the Nashville-based television show *Hee Haw*, working concurrently with his *Opry* stint. On March 16, 1974, during the opening of the new Grand Ole Opry House, Rhodes played for a crowd that included U.S. president Richard Nixon and First Lady Pat Nixon. The same year, he played bass guitar for Waylon Jennings on *The Ramblin' Man*, which peaked at third on the country charts. Between 1975 and 1976, Rhodes appeared on two albums for Buddy Emmons, his original Troubadours scout.

In 1981, Rhodes played bass for John Denver's album *Some Days Are Diamonds*, B. J. Thomas's *Some Love Songs Never Die*, and Don McLean's *Believers*. In 1983, Rhodes worked with George Strait on *Right or Wrong*, a country chart-topper that received a platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America.

In 1991, Rhodes departed from the *Hee Haw* staff after spending two decades on the show. In 2003, Rhodes and several other longtime staff members were fired by *Opry* manager Pete Walker in an attempt to reinvigorate the show's popularity with an appeal to younger audiences. In 2014, Rhodes retired from his music career and was subsequently honored by the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in its "Nashville Cats" series.

## Personal life

Rhodes met his wife, Judith Arndt Rhodes, while touring with the Troubadours – the two were married in January 1965. Rhodes had eight children. At the time of his death, he had 25 grandchildren and 17 great-grandchildren. Rhodes was raised in a Pentecostalist family and remained a Christian throughout his life.

Rhodes died on the morning of December 9, 2017, at his home in the Nashville neighborhood of Donelson. His death was mourned online by country musicians Charlie Daniels and Elizabeth Cook, among others.

## Legacy

Rhodes has been considered one of the greatest country music guitarists of all time due to his stint backing Ernest Tubb with the Texas Troubadours and his decades-long career as a sideman and session musician in Nashville. Vince Gill said that "Leon Rhodes can play circles around most guitar players." Eddie Stubbs said of Rhodes and the Troubadours that "they were what every hillbilly band at the time wanted to be, but wasn't."

Rhodes was given the Super Picker Award by The Recording Academy in 1976 and was honored in a joint resolution in the Tennessee General Assembly authored by state representative Ben West Jr. in 2010.

## Discography

### Ernest Tubb and the Texas Troubadours

## InfoBox

| Leon Rhodes | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1932-03-10)March 10, 1932
Dallas, Texas, U.S. |
| Died | December 9, 2017(2017-12-09) (aged 85)
Nashville, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Genres | Country |
| Occupation | Musician |
| Instrument | Guitar |
| Years active | 1948–2014 |
| Formerly of | The Texas Troubadours
The Opry Band
*Hee Haw* band |


title: Necrotizing meningoencephalitis

abstract: Necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME) is a fatal inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) disorder in dogs, where an extensive cerebral necrosis is associated with a multifocal, non-suppurative meningoencephalitis of the neuro cortex. It was originally identified and recorded in the 1960s in pure breed pugs, with which this disease is nowadays mostly associated with, occurring essentially in small breed dogs ranging from six months to seven years of age. It causes intense necrotizing inflammatory lesions in the brain stem and Cerebellum. The cause is still unclear. The pathogen that triggers the disease and contributes to its development has not yet been identified. It is presumed to have a multifactorial, heritable, autoimmune etiology. The process is rapidly progressive, culminating in status epilepticus and ending fatally for the dog. Although the pattern of inflammation is similar to other neuropathological conditions, resembling CNS inflammatory diseases which produces lesions alike to those that occur in NME, a definitive diagnosis can be made solely based on by histopathological examination through a necropsy.

text:
# Necrotizing meningoencephalitis

**Necrotizing meningoencephalitis** (**NME**) is a fatal inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) disorder in dogs, where an extensive cerebral necrosis is associated with a multifocal, non-suppurative meningoencephalitis of the neuro cortex. It was originally identified and recorded in the 1960s in pure breed pugs, with which this disease is nowadays mostly associated with, occurring essentially in small breed dogs ranging from six months to seven years of age. It causes intense necrotizing inflammatory lesions in the brain stem and Cerebellum. The cause is still unclear. The pathogen that triggers the disease and contributes to its development has not yet been identified. It is presumed to have a multifactorial, heritable, autoimmune etiology. The process is rapidly progressive, culminating in status epilepticus and ending fatally for the dog.

Although the pattern of inflammation is similar to other neuropathological conditions, resembling CNS inflammatory diseases which produces lesions alike to those that occur in NME, a definitive diagnosis can be made solely based on by histopathological examination through a necropsy.

## Signs and symptoms

First signs of this immune dysregulation can show through lethargy and the reluctance to walk. Behavioral changes and an abnormal mentation might occur. After a short amount of time vestibulo-cerebellar symptoms will rapidly progress, leaving the animal in a state of depressed consciousness having seizures, amaurosis and ataxia.

Despite seizures being a promoting factor of necrosis in primary inflammation diseases, it's not proven that the necrosis is extending to the white matter due to these convulsions.

## Diagnostics

An antemortem diagnosis is often intricate considering the similarities of general neuro diagnostic profiles. To achieve a presumptive diagnosis on the live animal a multimodal approach is needed. Including the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computer tomography (CT), cerebrospinal liquid (CFS) analysis and immunological test. Since only the CNS is affected by the pathology, there won't be any characteristic changes in organ systems other than the nervous system. Despite clinical examination methods, the specific diagnosis of NME depends on a postmortem, histopathological examination of the brain biopsy tissue or a necropsy.

## Histopathological features

When examining the transversal sections, the non-suppurative (lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic) inflammation of both the meninges and encephalitis have characteristic histopathologic changes of necrotizing nature in the corona radiata (white matter), the thalamus and the cerebrocortical area. The meninges itself is focally thickened by dense aggregations of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages infiltrating due to the reinforced immune answer (perivascular cuffing).

Several multifocal encephalic lesions in corona radiata are erasing the border in the cerebral hemispheres between white and grey matter, exposing an asymmetrical ventricular enlargement. These lesions are selective with a predilection for the cerebral hemisphere.

They can be divided into three phases:

* Acute - mild inflammatory cell infiltration
* Subacute – intense inflammatory reactions
* Chronic – increase of perivascular cuffing, extensive necrosis

Additionally, temporal lobes with dense mononuclear cells can be observed infiltrating the meninges, and cerebellar herniation through the foramen magnum, which leads to neurological symptoms like continuous circling or stroke-like seizures. Attempts at proving a viral etiology have been unsuccessful.

## Treatment

In several studies the animals were given immunosuppressive drugs, such as cytarabine, prednisolone and dexamethasone on the behalf that the cause of NME is autoimmune related. Corticosteroids inhibit T-and B-Cells and slow down the production of cytokines, which restrain the immune system from attacking its own cells but also enfeeble its natural protection – the immune answer.

However, since the etiopathogenesis is still not totally understood, the inflammatory reactions are only partly reacting to the corticosteroids, such as the malacic or granulomatous changes.

## Prognosis

Even after several years of research, the complete pathogenesis of this disease is still not understood. Immunosuppressive and anticonvulsant drugs have extended the lives of several dogs for up to 7 months after the outbreak of the symptoms, although a complete recovery is not yet possible.

The disease remains fatal, making euthanasia an invariable necessity.


title: Voronezh Mechanical Plant

abstract: Voronezh Mechanical Plant is a Russian engine and heavy machinery manufacturing plant. It is located in the city of Voronezh, in the Voronezh Oblast.

text:
# Voronezh Mechanical Plant

**Voronezh Mechanical Plant** (Russian: **Воронежский механический завод**, *ВМЗ*) is a Russian engine and heavy machinery manufacturing plant. It is located in the city of Voronezh, in the Voronezh Oblast.

## History

Voronezh Mechanical Plant started as a diesel engine manufacturing plant, and has been the plant that serially manufactures the engines designed by Chemical Automatics Design Bureau (KBKhA). In later years, it has branched into producing oil and gas products like valves, manifolds and fittings.

In January 2017, Roscosmos announced that firing tests revealed problems with the Voronezh-produced Proton rocket upper stage engines. According to the investigation, expensive alloys had been replaced by cheaper less heat-resistant alloys. Voronezh director-general Ivan Tikhonovich Koptev resigned.

On November 1, 2019, enterprises *ВМЗ* and the Chemical Automatics Design Bureau were merged.

## Products

### Current engines

Engines in production at the plant as of 2015:

### Former engines

Engines that are no longer produced at the plant.

* RD-0105 an RP-1/LOX upper stage engine that powered the Luna 8K72 Block-E and was the first engine to achieve escape velocity.
* RD-0107 \- Upper stage engine of the Molniya.
* RD-0108 \- Upper stage engine of the Voskhod. Human rated version of the RD-0107.
* RD-0109 \- An RP-1/LOX upper stage engine that powered the Vostok-K Block-E that was used on launch of Vostok 1 to orbit making Yuri Gagarin the first human to go to outer space and the first to orbit the Earth.
* RD-0120 \- An LH2/LOX sustainer engine that powered the Energia Core rocket engine. Roughly equivalent to the SSME.
* RD-0203 \- The second staged combustion rocket in the world, and the first hypergolic. Used in first stage of UR-200
* RD-0204 \- Slight variation of the RD-0204 with a heat exchanger. Also used in first stage of UR-200.
* RD-0206 \- Second stage version of the RD-0203. Used in second stage of UR-200.
* RD-0207 \- UR-200 second stage vernier engine.
* RD-0208 \- Improved RD-0203. Used on the UR-500 second stage.
* RD-0209 \- Improved RD-0204. Used on the UR-500 second stage.

## InfoBox

Voronezh Mechanical Plant
|
|  |
| Native name | Воронежский механический завод |
| Romanized name | Voronezh Mechanical Plant |
| Formerly | Дизельный завод |
| Company type | Unitary enterprise |
| Industry | * Liquid rocket engine manufacturing * Aircraft engine manufacturing * Train Diesel engines manufacturing * Oil and gas equipment manufacturing * Metallurgical production |
| Founded | Voronezh, Russia (October 1, 1928 (1928-10-01)) |
| Headquarters | ул. Ворошилова, 22, Voronezh, Russia |
| Key people | Sergey Viktorovich Kovalev |
| Products |  |
| Parent | Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center |
| Website | Official Website |