abstract: "You Don't Know What You've Got" is a song recorded by American rock band Blink-182. The song was released on October 18, 2023, through Columbia Records as the sixth single from their ninth album One More Time.... It was written by bassist Mark Hoppus, guitarist Tom DeLonge, and drummer Travis Barker, alongside additional songwriters Michael Pollack and Nick Long.

text:
# You Don't Know What You've Got (Blink-182 song)

"**You Don't Know What You've Got**" is a song recorded by American rock band Blink-182. The song was released on October 18, 2023, through Columbia Records as the sixth single from their ninth album *One More Time...*. It was written by bassist Mark Hoppus, guitarist Tom DeLonge, and drummer Travis Barker, alongside additional songwriters Michael Pollack and Nick Long.

## Background

In 2021, Blink-182 bassist Mark Hoppus revealed that he had been diagnosed with a rare form of cancer, and was currently undergoing chemotherapy. The treatment ultimately left him, as he described it, "a hollow shell," as he sustained significant damage to his body and vocal chords. Later that year though, he was declared cancer free.

Lyrically, "You Don't Know What You've Got" was written about his experience with cancer, recounting the toll it took on both his physical and mental health, and the effects on his family. Even during recording for *One More Time...,* Hoppus was still experiencing symptoms:

> "Getting back into the studio to make this record was like, learning how to play bass again. Chemotherapy wrecked my vocal cords; I had to go to a vocal coach, I had to rebuild my throat to the point where we could walk on stage at Coachella." - Mark Hoppus

## Reception

Maya Georgi at *Rolling Stone* praised the song's "explosive bridge" and subject matter. Pranav Trewn from Stereogum commended the "tumbling tin \[drum\] pattern" intro, commenting: "Barker's technical onslaught, which can sometimes feel like a party trick seeking a purpose, coheres into rich rhythmic tapestries on \[the song\]." Andrew Sacher of BrooklynVegan stated that the song has "got those classic clean Blink guitar arpeggios and somber Mark vocals in the verses, and an explosive Tom & Mark-sung chorus."

Others bemoaned the song's perceived unoriginality. Pitchfork writer Arielle Gordon felt the song "strips the haunting guitar riff from "Adam's Song" for parts, just different enough that you might miss it at first." Slant Magazine's Fred Barrett agreed, calling the "trite and repetitive" song a "flavorless approximation of the sticky hook that the band has been churning out since the late '90s." Bobby Olivier from *Spin*, while viewing its theme sober, admitted its melodies felt too similar to past hits by the band.

## Personnel

Credits adapted from the song's YouTube video.

### Other musicians

* Kevin Bivona – piano, synthesizer, backing vocals, recording engineer

### Production

* Nick Long – co-producer, songwriting
* Michael Pollack – songwriting
* Nick Morzov – recording engineer
* Eric Emery – recording engineer
* John Warren – recording engineer
* Kevin Gruft – recording engineer
* Aaron Rubin – recording engineer
* Mark "Spike" Stent – mixing engineer
* Matt Wolach – assistant engineer
* Randy Merrill – mastering engineer

## Charts

Chart performance for "You Don't Know What You've Got"
| Chart (2023) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Hot Rock & Alternative Songs (*Billboard*) | 49 |

## InfoBox

| "You Don't Know What You've Got" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Blink-182 | |
| from the album  *One More Time...* | |
| Released | October 18, 2023 (2023-10-18) |
| Length | 3:19 |
| Label | Columbia |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Travis Barker |
| Blink-182 singles chronology | |
| "Fell in Love"
(2023) "**You Don't Know What You've Got**"
(2023) "All in My Head" / "No Fun"
(2024) | |


title: Young, Wild and Free

abstract: Young, Wild and Free is the first full-length album by Canadian band, Brighton Rock. The album was released in 1986, and spawned the Canadian hit singles; "We Came to Rock" and "Can't Wait for the Night". The album charted at No. 82 in Canada and was certified Gold by the CRIA in 1989. Gerry McGhee announced on April 30, 2013 that Young, Wild and Free will be remastered by Warner Records.

text:
# Young, Wild and Free

***Young, Wild and Free*** is the first full-length album by Canadian band, Brighton Rock. The album was released in 1986, and spawned the Canadian hit singles; "We Came to Rock" and "Can't Wait for the Night". The album charted at No. 82 in Canada and was certified Gold by the CRIA in 1989. Gerry McGhee announced on April 30, 2013 that *Young, Wild and Free* will be remastered by Warner Records.

## Track listing

All songs by Gerry McGhee and Greg Fraser.

1. "Young, Wild and Free"
2. "We Came to Rock"
3. "Change of Heart"
4. "Can't Wait for the Night"
5. "Assault Attack"
6. "Jack is Back"
7. "Save Me"
8. "Nobody's Hero"
9. "Barricade"
10. "Rock 'n' Roll Kid"

## Personnel

**Brighton Rock**

* Gerry McGhee – vocals
* Greg Fraser – guitars
* Steve Skreebs – bass guitar
* Johnny Rogers – keyboards
* Mark Cavarzan – drums

**Production**

## Charts

| Chart (1987) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Canada Top Albums/CDs (*RPM*) | 82 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Gold | 50,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

Notes Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Young, Wild and Free | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Brighton Rock | |
| Released | 1986 |
| Recorded | 1985 |
| Genre | Hard rock |
| Length | 39:57 |
| Label | Warner Music Group |
| Producer | Michael Wagener |
| Brighton Rock chronology | |
| *Brighton Rock*
(1985) ***Young, Wild and Free***
(1986) *Take a Deep Breath*
(1988) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Young, Wild and Free* | |
| 1. "We Came to Rock"
Released: 1987 2. "Can't Wait for the Night"
Released: 1987 | |
|  | |


title: Young, Uruguay

abstract: Young is a city in the centre of the Río Negro Department of Uruguay.

text:
# Young, Uruguay

**Young** is a city in the centre of the Río Negro Department of Uruguay.

## Geography

It is located on Route 3, about 120 kilometres (75 mi) northwest of Trinidad, the capital of Flores Department.

## History

On 17 August 1920, the group of houses known as "Estación de Young" was declared a "Pueblo" (village) by the Act of Ley Nº 7.256. Its status was elevated to "Villa" (town) on 14 August 1958 by the Act of Ley Nº 12.515 and then, on 15 October 1963, to "Ciudad" (city) by the Act of Ley Nº 13.167.

## Population

In 2011, Young had a population of 16,756.

| Year | Population |
| --- | --- |
| 1963 | 7,974 |
| 1975 | 11,015 |
| 1985 | 12,249 |
| 1996 | 14,567 |
| 2004 | 14,251 |
| 2011 | 16,756 |

Source: *Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay*

## Places of worship

## InfoBox

| Young Ciudad de Young | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| YoungLocation in Uruguay | |
| Coordinates: 32°42′0″S 57°38′0″W / 32.70000°S 57.63333°W / -32.70000; -57.63333 | |
| Country | Uruguay |
| Department | Río Negro Department |
| Founded | 1910 |
| Elevation | 63 m (207 ft) |
| Population (2011 Census) | |
| Total | 16,756 |
| Demonym | younguense |
| Time zone | UTC -3 |
| Postal code | 65100 |
| Dial plan | +598 4567 (+4 digits) |


title: Yuh Myung-woo

abstract: Yuh Myung-woo is a South Korean former professional boxer who competed between 1982 and 1993. He was a two-time WBA light-flyweight champion, having held the title between 1985 and 1993. He, together with Jung-Koo Chang, were considered as the best boxers South Korea has ever produced.

text:
# Yuh Myung-woo

**Yuh Myung-woo** (Korean: 유명우; Hanja: 柳明佑, born January 10, 1964) is a South Korean former professional boxer who competed between 1982 and 1993. He was a two-time WBA light-flyweight champion, having held the title between 1985 and 1993. He, together with Jung-Koo Chang, were considered as the best boxers South Korea has ever produced.

## Professional career

Yuh started his pro career in 1982. Yuh's pro debut came against Byung-Boum Choi in Chinju, on March 3. Yuh won a 4 round decision. Yuh would go on to win his next six fights, all by decision in 4 rounds. Yuh's first fight beyond the minimum 4 round distance came against Hyo-Young Park in July 82, winning a 6 round decision.

In his 8th fight, Yuh faced Ki-Chang Kim in an 8 round fight in Daegu. Yuh won a unanimous decision to remain undefeated. Kim would go on to hold both the Korean National and OPBF super flyweight titles. Kim also earned a shot at the IBF super flyweight title later in his career.

Two fights later, Yuh decisioned Rae-Ki Ahn over 8 rounds, Ahn would go on to hold the Korean National Flyweight Title and earn a title shot at the WBC flyweight title.

Yuh next decisioned future Korean National light flyweight title holder Ha-Shik Lim, then scored his first stoppage win with a second round KO over Little Baguio. Baguio was a 2-time Philippine National light flyweight title holder.

Yuh's 15th pro fight proved that he was a true contender. Yuh defeated future IBF flyweight champion Bi Won Chung. Yuh defeated Chung via a 10 round decision.

Yuh Myung-woo won his first professional title in his 16th fight, capturing the vacant OPBF light flyweight title with a 3rd round Knockout of Edwin Inocencio. This fight took place on December 2, 1984 at the Munhwa Gymnasium in Seoul, South Korea. Inocencio was the reigning Philippine National light flyweight champion at the time.

Yuh would defend the OPBF title once, a 3rd round KO of Tubagus Jaya, and score another non-title victory before challenging for his first world title.

On December 8, 1985, Yuh challenged reigning WBA light flyweight champion Joey Olivo. Yuh defeated the Mexican-American champion by split decision over 15 rounds to capture his first World Title. Yuh won by scores of 146-141, 143-145 and 148-142. Yuh became the second Korean fighter to hold this title, Hwan Jin Kim had held it briefly in 1981.

Yuh's first title defense came against future WBO light flyweight champion Jose De Jesus. Yuh won a hard fought 15 round unanimous decision by scores of 144-141, 144-143 and 146-141. These two would fight again two years later with Yuh once again taking a decision.

Yuh scored 3 stoppage victories in his next four title defenses, including the only 1st round KO victory of his career, crushing Eduardo Tunon at 2:46 of the opening round.

Future IBF flyweight champion Rodolfo Blanco would fall in 8 rounds in Yuh's 6th defense which took place at Sunin University at Incheon, on September 9, 1987.

Yuh Myung-woo's 7th title defense came against career trial horse Willy Salazar. Salazar never held a World title in his career, despite holding victories over former & future champions. Salazar would hold the NABF light flyweight, the Mexican National flyweight and super flyweight, and the WBC Continental Americas super flyweight titles during his career. Salazar also was responsible for handing 2-time world champion Danny Romero his first loss of his career.

Yuh's next four title defenses came against Jose De Jesus, a split decision over 12 rounds, and stoppage victories over Putt Ohyuthanakom, Udin Baharudin and Katsumi Komiyama.

Yuh's 12th title defense came against Mario Alberto De Marco in June 1989. Yuh won a unanimous decision over 12 rounds, by scores of 118-113, 118-115 and 119-114. Yuh feasted on Japanese challengers in his next two defenses, scoring an 11th round stoppage of Kenbun Taiho and a 7th round KO over future OPBF flyweight champion Hisashi Tokushima.

On April 29, 1990, Yuh faced the toughest fighter of his career in his 15th title defense. Yuh defeated former WBA minimum weight champion Leo Gamez by split decision over 12 rounds. The scores were 116-113, 117-115 and 114-116. Gamez had entered this fight an undefeated fighter, with a record of 20-0. None of the judges were from South Korea.

Due to the closeness of their first outing, Yuh and Gamez faced each other in a rematch held on November 11, 1990. This time, Yuh won by unanimous decision, 116-112, 117-111 and 118-112. Gamez would go on to become one of 9 men in boxing history to have held world titles in four different weight classes. Gamez would go on to capture the WBA light flyweight title at a later date, and to win both the WBA flyweight & the WBA super flyweight titles.

Yuh Myung-woo's record 17th title defense came against Kajkong Danphuthai on April 28, 1991. Yuh knocked out Danphuthai in the 10th round.

On December 12, 1991, Yuh stepped into the ring as a heavy favorite to make his 18th successful defense against former WBC strawweight champion Hiroki Ioka. This fight was to be the first fight of Yuh's career held outside his native South Korea. At Prefectural Gymnasium in Osaka, Japan, Ioka scored a 12 round split decision victory over Yuh by scores of 113-115, 117-112 and 115-113 to capture the WBA light flyweight title. All three judges for this fight, Harold Lederman, Oscar Perez and Phil Newman were from the United States.

After losing his title, Yuh would spend almost a year outside of the ring awaiting a rematch. During this time Ioka would make 2 successful title defenses.

On November 18, 1992, Yuh returned to Japan to the same arena where he had lost his title, to reclaim it with a 12 round majority decision over Hiroki Ioka. Yuh reclaimed his WBA light flyweight title by scores of 114-114, 117-112 and 119-111. Once again, all three judges were from neutral countries.

Yuh would make one more appearance in the ring before retiring as the most storied 108-pound fighter ever. On July 25, 1993, Yuh decisioned Yuichi Hosono over 12 rounds to retain his title, the only title defense of his second reign.

## Retirement

With family on hand, Yuh announced his retirement after this fight, leaving his career behind with a record of 38-1 (14 KO's).

## Legacy

Yuh made 17 successful title defenses during his first reign, the record for the light-flyweight division. Yuh's record surpassed the previous record of 15 successful title defenses in a continuous reign set by former WBC light-flyweight champion Jung Koo Chang. Yuh is one of only 5 fighters to have successfully defended their light-flyweight title at least 10 times in one reign. Yoko Gushiken defended the WBA light-flyweight title 13 times, Luis Estaba defended the light-flyweight title 11 times and Saman Sorjaturong made 10 successful title defenses of his light-flyweight title. Yuh was inducted to International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2013.

## Professional boxing record

| 39 fights | 38 wins | 1 loss |
| --- | --- | --- |
| By knockout | 14 | 0 |
| By decision | 24 | 1 |

| No. | Result | Record | Opponent | Type | Round | Date | Location | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 39 | Win | 38–1 | Yuichi Hosono | UD | 12 | Jul 25, 1993 | Hyundai Hotel, Gyeongju, South Korea | Retained WBA light-flyweight title |
| 38 | Win | 37–1 | Hiroki Ioka | MD | 12 | Nov 18, 1992 | Prefectural Gymnasium, Osaka Japan | Won WBA light-flyweight title |
| 37 | Loss | 36–1 | Hiroki Ioka | SD | 12 | Dec 17, 1991 | Prefectural Gymnasium, Osaka Japan, | Lost WBA light-flyweight title |
| 36 | Win | 36–0 | Kajkong Danphuthai | TKO | 10 (12), 2:06 | Apr 28, 1991 | Masan Gymnasium, Masan, South Korea | Retained WBA light-flyweight title |
| 35 | Win | 35–0 | Leo Gámez | UD | 12 | Nov 10, 1990 | Pohang Indoor Gymnasium, Pohang, South Korea | Retained WBA light-flyweight title |
| 34 | Win | 34–0 | Leo Gámez | SD | 12 | Apr 29, 1990 | Intercontinental Hotel, Seoul, South Korea | Retained WBA light-flyweight title |
| 33 | Win | 33–0 | Hisashi Tokushima | TKO | 7 (12), 1:39 | Jan 14, 1990 | Sunin Gymnasium, Incheon, South Korea | Retained WBA light-flyweight title |
| 32 | Win | 32–0 | Kenbun Taiho | KO | 11 (12), 0:48 | Sep 24, 1989 | Waikiki Hotel, Chungju, South Korea | Retained WBA light-flyweight title |
| 31 | Win | 31–0 | Mario Alberto Demarco | UD | 12 | Jun 11, 1989 | Dankook University Gym, Cheonan, South Korea | Retained WBA light-flyweight title |
| 30 | Win | 30–0 | Katsumi Komiyama | TKO | 10 (12), 1:18 | Feb 12, 1989 | Chungbuk Gymnasium, Cheongju, South Korea | Retained WBA light-flyweight title |
| 29 | Win | 29–0 | Udin Baharudin | TKO | 7 (12), 2:40 | Nov 6, 1988 | Swiss Grand Hotel, Seoul, South Korea | Retained WBA light-flyweight title |
| 28 | Win | 28–0 | Putt Ohyuthanakorn | TKO | 6 (12), 2:58 | Aug 28, 1988 | Sajik Gymnasium, Busan, South Korea | Retained WBA light-flyweight title |
| 27 | Win | 27–0 | Jose De Jesus | SD | 12 | Jun 12, 1988 | Chungmu Gymnasium, Daejeon, South Korea | Retained WBA light-flyweight title |
| 26 | Win | 26–0 | Willy Salazar | UD | 12 | Feb 7, 1988 | Munhwa Gymnasium, Seoul, South Korea | Retained WBA light-flyweight title |
| 25 | Win | 25–0 | Rodolfo Blanco | KO | 8 (15), 2:18 | Sep 20, 1987 | Incheon Gymnasium, Incheon, South Korea | Retained WBA light-flyweight title |
| 24 | Win | 24–0 | Benedicto Murillo | TKO | 15 (15), 1:29 | Jun 7, 1987 | Sajik Gymnasium, Busan, South Korea | Retained WBA light-flyweight title |
| 23 | Win | 23–0 | Eduardo Tunon | TKO | 1 (15), 2:46 | Mar 1, 1987 | Jamsil Gymnasium, Seoul, South Korea | Retained WBA light-flyweight title |
| 22 | Win | 22–0 | Mario Alberto Demarco | UD | 15 | Nov 30, 1986 | Hilton Convention Centre, Seoul, South Korea | Retained WBA light-flyweight title |
| 21 | Win | 21–0 | Tomohiro Kiyuna | KO | 12 (15), 1:53 | Jun 14, 1986 | Sum-In Gymnasium, Incheon, South Korea | Retained WBA light-flyweight title |
| 20 | Win | 20–0 | Jose De Jesus | UD | 15 | Mar 9, 1986 | Boxing Gymnasium, Suwon, South Korea | Retained WBA light-flyweight title |
| 19 | Win | 19–0 | Joey Olivo | SD | 15 | Dec 8, 1985 | Municipal Stadium, Daegu, South Korea | Won WBA light-flyweight title |
| 18 | Win | 18–0 | Oh Kong Son | KO | 7 (10), 1:33 | Sep 8, 1985 | Munhwa Gymnasium, Seoul, South Korea |  |
| 17 | Win | 17–0 | Tubagus Jaya | KO | 3 (12), 2:57 | Feb 24, 1985 | Seoul, South Korea | Retained OPBF light-flyweight title |
| 16 | Win | 16–0 | Edwin Inocencio | KO | 3 (12), 1:19 | Dec 2, 1984 | Munhwa Gymnasium, Seoul, South Korea | Won vacant OPBF light-flyweight title |
| 15 | Win | 15–0 | Jung Bi-won | PTS | 10 | May 27, 1984 | Seoul, South Korea |  |
| 14 | Win | 14–0 | Little Baguio | KO | 2 (10), 1:11 | Apr 15, 1984 | Munhwa Gymnasium, Seoul, South Korea |  |
| 13 | Win | 13–0 | Ha Shik Lim | PTS | 8 | Dec 4, 1983 | Munhwa Gymnasium, Seoul, South Korea |  |
| 12 | Win | 12–0 | Rae-Ki Ahn | PTS | 8 | Mar 5, 1983 | Munhwa Gymnasium, Seoul, South Korea |  |
| 11 | Win | 11–0 | Kyung-Shik Park | PTS | 10 | Jan 18, 1983 | Chungmu Gymnasium, Daejeon, South Korea |  |
| 10 | Win | 10–0 | Ki-Young Kim | PTS | 8 | Dec 5, 1982 | Jinju, South Korea |  |
| 9 | Win | 9–0 | Ki-Chang Kim | PTS | 8 | Oct 30, 1982 | Daegu, South Korea |  |
| 8 | Win | 8–0 | HyoYoung Park | PTS | 6 | Jul 31, 1982 | Seoul, South Korea |  |
| 7 | Win | 7–0 | Man-Sok Yun | PTS | 4 | Jun 5, 1982 | Munhwa Gymnasium, Seoul, South Korea |  |
| 6 | Win | 6–0 | Ki-Soo Kim | PTS | 4 | May 25, 1982 | Seoul, South Korea |  |
| 5 | Win | 5–0 | Young Ri Moon | PTS | 4 | May 23, 1982 | Seoul, South Korea |  |
| 4 | Win | 4–0 | Joo-Ha Kwan | PTS | 4 | May 21, 1982 | Seoul, South Korea |  |
| 3 | Win | 3–0 | Chang Young Chang | PTS | 4 | May 16, 1982 | Seoul, South Korea |  |
| 2 | Win | 2–0 | JooYoung Lee | PTS | 4 | Apr 28, 1982 | Seoul, South Korea |  |
| 1 | Win | 1–0 | Byung-Boum Choi | PTS | 4 | Mar 28, 1982 | Jinju, South Korea |  |

## InfoBox

| Yuh Myung-woo | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Yuh Myung-woo
(1964-01-10) January 10, 1964
Seoul, South Korea |
| Other names | *Sonagi* ("Downpour") |
| **Statistics** | |
| Weight(s) | Light-flyweight |
| Height | 5 ft 4 in (163 cm) |
| Reach | 65 in (165 cm) |
| Stance | Orthodox |
|  | |
| **Boxing record** | |
| Total fights | 39 |
| Wins | 38 |
| Wins by KO | 14 |
| Losses | 1 |
|  | |


title: Youngstown and Ohio River Railroad

abstract: The Youngstown and Ohio River Railroad, or Y&OR, was one of the smaller interurban railways in the state of Ohio. Along with the Youngstown and Southern Railway, the Y&OR formed a traction link between Youngstown, Ohio and the Ohio River at East Liverpool. It served several coal mines in the area and it was distinguished by the unusual feat of electrifying a section of a steam railroad, the Pittsburgh, Lisbon and Western Railroad, as part of a trackage rights agreement. The Y&OR operated for 24 years.

text:
# Youngstown and Ohio River Railroad

The **Youngstown and Ohio River Railroad**, or Y&OR, was one of the smaller interurban railways in the state of Ohio. Along with the Youngstown and Southern Railway, the Y&OR formed a traction link between Youngstown, Ohio and the Ohio River at East Liverpool. It served several coal mines in the area and it was distinguished by the unusual feat of electrifying a section of a steam railroad, the Pittsburgh, Lisbon and Western Railroad, as part of a trackage rights agreement. The Y&OR operated for 24 years.

## History

In 1906, a group of promoters formed the Y&OR for the purpose of completing an electric railway link between Youngstown and the Ohio River. Initially they leased the tracks of the Pittsburgh, Lisbon and Western (PL&W) between Washingtonville and Salem and strung trolley wire over the seven-mile (11 km) stretch of tracks. Construction began from Washingtonville and by 1907 service had been extended south to Lisbon. By 1909, the entire route from Salem to East Liverpool.

Passenger operations were conducted using a group of five interurban coaches and three combines ordered from Niles Car and Manufacturing Company in 1907. Freight trains were initially hauled by steam locomotives but in 1913 the Y&OR ordered electric locomotives to replace them. These "steeplecabs" were responsible for hauling the significant number of coal trains which traversed the Y&OR.

The decline of the Y&OR began in 1921 when the Youngstown and Southern Railway ceased purchasing its electric power from the Y&OR's West Point power station. During the ensuing years of the 1920s the coal mines which provided much of the Y&OR's freight traffic began to play out and increasing use of automobiles eroded the line's passenger ridership. The company entered receivership in 1930 and all service was abandoned on March 9, 1931.

## Operations

The Y&OR connected with three other interurban railways. It connected with the Youngstown and Southern Railway at Leetonia, which provided a through route between Youngstown and East Liverpool, and it connected with the Stark Electric Railroad at Salem, on which passengers could ride west to Canton and a connection with the rest of the Indiana-Ohio interurban network. A third connecting line was the Steubenville, East Liverpool and Beaver Valley Traction Company, which ran through East Liverpool along the Ohio River to Steubenville in the west and Beaver, Pennsylvania.

## Rolling stock

The passenger equipment of the Y&OR was unusually homogeneous, with all eight cars having been built by the nearby Niles company in 1907. Cars 1-9 (odd numbers only) were 49 ft (14,935 mm) coaches with seating for 50, while cars 11, 13 and 15 were passenger-baggage combines of the same general design. Some former New York City elevated trailers were also owned for a time. All passenger rolling stock was scrapped following abandonment of the railroad.

Freight power consisted of three "steeplecab" electric locomotives built by Baldwin-Westinghouse, two dating to 1917 and the third to 1922. The three locomotives were sold, two to the Union Electric Railway of Kansas and one to the Omaha, Lincoln and Beatrice Railway. One locomotive is now preserved at the Ohio Railway Museum while another is still in use on the Iowa Traction Railroad.

## Sources

* Central Electric Railfans Association (1965). *Electric Railways of Northeastern Ohio*. Chicago, Illinois: Central Electric Railfans Association. pp. 204–209.
* Hilton, George W.; Due, John Fitzgerald (1960). *The Electric Interurban Railways in America*. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. pp. 270–271. ISBN 978-0-8047-4014-2. OCLC 237973.


title: Youngstown dynamite plot

abstract: The Youngstown dynamite plot was a foiled attempt by Galleanist anarchists to move a case of dynamite by train from Steubenville, Ohio, to Chicago, from January 17–18, 1918. The 18-year-old Gabriella "Ella" Antolini Segata, part of the Italian Galleanist circle, was caught by a suspicious train porter. The dynamite was potentially en route to Milwaukee, where anarchists had been squaring off with police in a series of counter-retaliatory attacks stemming from the September 1917 Bay View incident. Antolini Segata was imprisoned for 18 months and the case was a big break for the Bureau of Investigation agent Rayme Weston Finch, who would come to lead investigations against the Galleanists.

text:
# Youngstown dynamite plot

The **Youngstown dynamite plot** was a foiled attempt by Galleanist anarchists to move a case of dynamite by train from Steubenville, Ohio, to Chicago, from January 17–18, 1918. The 18-year-old Gabriella "Ella" Antolini Segata, part of the Italian Galleanist circle, was caught by a suspicious train porter. The dynamite was potentially en route to Milwaukee, where anarchists had been squaring off with police in a series of counter-retaliatory attacks stemming from the September 1917 Bay View incident. Antolini Segata was imprisoned for 18 months and the case was a big break for the Bureau of Investigation agent Rayme Weston Finch, who would come to lead investigations against the Galleanists.

## Background

During the Bay View incident, in September 1917, Milwaukee anarchists and police clashed following a pro-American entry into World War I rally confrontation and subsequent crackdown in which 11 anarchists were arrested. A retaliatory bomb was retrieved from an area of church and brought to a nearby police station, where it went off, killing 11. The previously arrested anarchists, despite being imprisoned during the time of the explosion, received extended sentences from the district attorney. Anarchists plotted their own retaliation.

## Events

The dynamite plot was eventually connected to Galleanisti, anarchist followers of Luigi Galleani associated with his newspaper *Cronaca Sovversiva*. Paco Carlucci, an assumed alias of Carlo Valdinoci, attracted Gabriella "Ella" Antolini Segata to Youngstown, Ohio, where they were intimate before he put her on a train from Steubenville, Ohio, to Chicago with a case of dynamite from January 17–18, 1918. The dynamite was possibly en route to Milwaukee. The Bureau of Investigation said that others were involved, from Antolini Segata's husband Augusto Segata, to Mario Rusca, who gave her the satchel, to Emilio Coda, a coal miner with access to dynamite. Others said to be involved included Luigi Bachetti, a Detroit anarchist who was fundraising for legal defense of the Milwaukee anarchists, and John Scussel, another Galleanist.

Antolini Segata looked innocent, at the age of 18, but a train porter suspicious of the black satchel foiled the plot. When caught, Antolini Segata gave the name "Linda José", that of a character from an anarchist play. Her commitment to this pseudonym for multiple weeks bought her accomplices time to scatter.

## Aftermath

Found guilty in federal court, in October 1918 Gabriella Segata Antolini was sentenced to 18 months in Missouri State Penitentiary by Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis, where she met Emma Goldman and Kate Richards O'Hare.

For his role in unraveling the case, Bureau of Investigation Special Agent Rayme Weston Finch was chosen to lead the Lynn, Massachusetts, raid on the Galleanist *Cronaca Sovversiva* offices in 1918. He would later become the department's foremost anti-radical investigator and an enemy of Luigi Galleani. A letter uncovered from the 1918 raid of *Cronaca Sovversiva* found a September 1917 letter from Valdinoci that mentioned a pseudonymed anarchist, now believed to be Mario Buda, who would wait in Monterrey, Mexico, for preparations before planting a bomb, potentially in reference to the Youngstown dynamite plot.

## Bibliography

* Avrich, Paul (1996). *Sacco and Vanzetti: The Anarchist Background*. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-02604-6.
* Gordon, Michael A. (2009). "'To Make a Clean Sweep': Milwaukee Confronts an Anarchist Scare in 1917". *The Wisconsin Magazine of History*. **93** (2): 16–27.
* McCormick, Charles H. (2005). *Hopeless Cases: The Hunt for the Red Scare Terrorist Bombers*. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America. ISBN 978-0-7618-3132-7. OCLC 60358652.
* Simon, Jeffrey D. (2022). *America's Forgotten Terrorists: The Rise and Fall of the Galleanists*. Lincoln: Potomac Books. ISBN 978-1-64012-404-2.


abstract: Youth Is Wasted on the Young is the first studio album by the Danish band Scarlet Pleasure. It was released on May 13, 2016, around two years after their debut EP Mirage. It consist of 13 tracks recorded over two years, among other their debut single "Windy".The songs "Sometimes", "Moments" and "Midnight Soldier" on the album is produced by Om'Mas Keith who has produced for Jay Z and John Legend, and among other Frank Oceans album Channel Orange. The song "Blow" is produced by Ronni Vindahl. The rest of the album is produced by David Mørup.

text:
# Youth Is Wasted on the Young (Scarlet Pleasure album)

***Youth Is Wasted on the Young*** is the first studio album by the Danish band Scarlet Pleasure. It was released on May 13, 2016, around two years after their debut EP *Mirage*. It consist of 13 tracks recorded over two years, among other their debut single "Windy".The songs "Sometimes", "Moments" and "Midnight Soldier" on the album is produced by Om'Mas Keith who has produced for Jay Z and John Legend, and among other Frank Oceans album *Channel Orange*. The song "Blow" is produced by Ronni Vindahl. The rest of the album is produced by David Mørup.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Fade In" | 2:28 |
| 2. | "Wanna Know" | 3:22 |
| 3. | "Windy" | 3:26 |
| 4. | "Casual" | 3:33 |
| 5. | "Blow" | 3:17 |
| 6. | "Inferno" | 1:17 |
| 7. | "Moments" | 4:19 |
| 8. | "Heat" | 3:13 |
| 9. | "Midnight Soldier" | 3:32 |
| 10. | "Sometimes" | 3:38 |
| 11. | "Club Life" | 3:17 |
| 12. | "Youth Is Wasted on the Young" | 3:03 |
| 13. | "Venus" (bonus) | 3:42 |

## Charts

| Chart (2016) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Danish Albums (Hitlisten) | 16 |

## InfoBox

| Youth Is Wasted on the Young | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Scarlet Pleasure | |
| Released | May 13, 2016 (2016-05-13) |
| Recorded | 2014–2016 |
| Genre | Pop |
| Label |  |
| Producer | Om'Mas Keith, David Mørup, Ronni Vindahl |
| Scarlet Pleasure chronology | |
| *Mirage*
(2014) ***Youth Is Wasted on the Young***
(2016) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Youth Is Wasted on the Young* | |
| 1. "Heat"
Released: 16 March 2015 2. "Wanna Know"
Released: 2 October 2015 3. "Casual"
Released: 4 March 2016 4. "Fade In"
Released: 22 April 2016 5. "Moments"
Released: 4 May 2016 | |
|  | |


title: Youth Justice (journal)

abstract: Youth Justice is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal covering analyses of juvenile/youth justice systems, law, policy, and practice. The journal's editors-in-chief are Barry Goldson and John Muncie. It was established in 2001 and is currently published by SAGE Publications.

text:
# Youth Justice (journal)

***Youth Justice*** is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal covering analyses of juvenile/youth justice systems, law, policy, and practice. The journal's editors-in-chief are Barry Goldson (University of Liverpool) and John Muncie (The Open University). It was established in 2001 and is currently published by SAGE Publications.

## Abstracting and indexing

*Youth Justice* is abstracted and indexed in Scopus, SocINDEX, and Sociological Abstracts.

## InfoBox

*Youth Justice*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Discipline | Criminology |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Barry Goldson, John Muncie |
| Publication details | |
| History | 2001–present |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications |
| Frequency | Triannually |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Youth Justice* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 1473-2254 (print)
1747-6283 (web)
 |
| LCCN | 2006207273 |
| OCLC no. | 54008448 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Yuvileiny Stadium

abstract: Yuvileiny Stadium is a football stadium in Sumy, Ukraine. It serves as home grounds for Ukrainian First League club FC Viktoriya Sumy, and as a secondary venue for Ukrainian Second League club FC Sumy, whose main field is Avangarde Stadium. With a capacity of 25,830 spectators, it is the 7th largest stadium in Ukraine. The stadium opened in 2001 within Sumy's Kozhedub Park. The stadium hosted the 2009 Ukrainian Super Cup between Dynamo Kyiv and Vorskla Poltava and the 2011 Ukrainian Cup final between Dynamo Kyiv and Shakhtar Donetsk. Otherwise, the stadium hosts most of Viktoriya's matches in the Ukrainian First League as well as some important home matches for FC Sumy. The stadium's first match held an attendance record of about 29,300 spectators when Spartak Sumy played Naftovyk Okhtyrka in 2003.

text:
# Yuvileiny Stadium

**Yuvileiny Stadium** is a football stadium in Sumy, Ukraine. It serves as home grounds for Ukrainian First League club FC Viktoriya Sumy, and as a secondary venue for Ukrainian Second League club FC Sumy, whose main field is Avangarde Stadium. With a capacity of 25,830 spectators, it is the 7th largest stadium in Ukraine. The stadium opened in 2001 within Sumy's Kozhedub Park.

The stadium hosted the 2009 Ukrainian Super Cup between Dynamo Kyiv and Vorskla Poltava and the 2011 Ukrainian Cup final between Dynamo Kyiv and Shakhtar Donetsk. Otherwise, the stadium hosts most of Viktoriya's matches in the Ukrainian First League as well as some important home matches for FC Sumy. The stadium's first match held an attendance record of about 29,300 spectators when Spartak Sumy played Naftovyk Okhtyrka in 2003.

## History

Yuvileiny Stadium is located nearby Kozhedub Park near downtown Sumy. Prior to its construction, on the site of Yuvileiny was **Spartak Stadium**, built in 1949. In 1968, it was extensively reconstructed to accommodate 12,000 spectators, and in the late 80s it was demolished in order to build a new stadium capable of holding 35,000 spectators.

The stadium project was developed by Ukrainian architects Volodymyr Bykov and Ivan Lukash, for which they were awarded the State Prize of Ukraine. Construction of the new arena began on September 2, 1999, when the first pylon was hammered in. The stadium was officially opened on September 20, 2001, shortly after the celebration of the 10th anniversary of Ukraine's independence and on the eve of the 350th anniversary of Sumy, which was founded in 1652. At the time of opening, the stadium officially accommodated about 28,000 spectators. Initially, some of these spectating places were standing only. However, subsequently, all these spots were equipped with individual seats. Almost all of the stadium's areas for spectators are under a canopy, with the exception of the first rows of the lower tier.

On July 11, 2009, the stadium hosted a match for the 2009 Ukrainian Super Cup between Dynamo Kyiv and Vorskla Poltava. Yuvileiny also hosted the Final of the Ukrainian Cup between Dynamo Kyiv and Shakhtar Donetsk on May 25, 2011, with a total of 27,800 spectators.

On July 22, 2016, the Executive Committee of the Football Federation of Ukraine decided to hold the final of the Ukrainian Cup in Sumy. But under a number of conditions, such as increasing the number of seats to 30,000 seats, bringing the stadium and territory in line with regulatory standards, completing work on the installation of a fire system, this happened to not be the case. On December 13, 2016, information was published that Kharkiv took away from Sumy the right to host the final of the cup.

On August 20, 2016, the stadium hosted a Premier League match between Olympic Donetsk and Olexandria. After that, Olympic decided to hold all of their home matches of the first round of the Ukrainian Cup at Yubileiny.

In 2018-2020, Amateur League club LSG Syrovatka began to host their home matches at the stadium, and subsequently in 2020 the club was renamed to FC Sumy.

## Characteristics

The territory of the stadium is 1 hectare (2.5 acres), while the constructed territory amasses to 15,960 square metres (171,800 sq ft). The drainage system and the field-heating system were installed by Eleter, while the stadium lighting is ensured by Vatra. The field scoreboard is made by Videoton.

The administrative building is 106.4 meters by 14.9 meters, while the training hall is 164.2 square metres (1,767 sq ft).

## InfoBox

Yuvileiny Stadium
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Former names | Spartak Stadium (1949–1989) |
| Location | Ukraine 40030, Sumy, Vulytsia Haharina 9 |
| Coordinates | 50°54′8″N 34°47′59″E / 50.90222°N 34.79972°E / 50.90222; 34.79972 |
| Owner | PJSC "Spartak" (2001–2007)
City of Sumy (2007–present) |
| Operator | City of Sumy |
| Capacity | 25,830 |
| Field size | 105 m × 68 m (344 ft × 223 ft) |
| Surface | Grass |
| Scoreboard | 3.69 X 5.94 (m) "Videoton" |
| Construction | |
| Broke ground | September 2, 1999 |
| Opened | 20 September 2001 (2001-09-20) |
| Renovated | 2001 (rebuilt completely) |
| Construction cost | 50,000,000+ |
| Architect | ? |
| Project manager | PJSC "Spartak" |
| Structural engineer | "Tsivilproektrestavratsia" ("Ukraniiproektrekonstruktsia") |
| Services engineer | "Stroimashservis" (groundwork) |
| General contractor | PPKMP "NASA" |
| Main contractors | "Sumykhimprom" (southern stand)
"Agropromstroi" (eastern stand)
"Sumy machine-building Frunze Production Complex" (northern stand) |
| Tenants | |
| FC Spartak Sumy (2001–2007)
PFC Sumy (2009–2019)
FC Alians Lypova Dolyna (2019–2022)
FC Sumy (2019–present)
FC Viktoriya Sumy (2023-present) | |
| Website | |
| fc.sumy.ua | |


title: Yuka Saitō (essayist)

abstract: Yuka Saitō is a Japanese essayist and Suntory employee. She is a graduate of Seijo University's School of Literature. She is a daughter of novelist Morio Kita, a niece of psychiatrist Shigeta Saitō and a granddaughter of poet Mokichi Saitō.

text:
# Yuka Saitō (essayist)

**Yuka Saitō** (斎藤 由香, *Saitō Yuka*, born April 9, 1962) is a Japanese essayist and Suntory employee. She is a graduate of Seijo University's School of Literature.

She is a daughter of novelist Morio Kita, a niece of psychiatrist Shigeta Saitō and a granddaughter of poet Mokichi Saitō.

## Bibliography

* Madogiwa OL Tohoho na Asa Ufufu no Yoru (Shinchosha, ISBN 978-4104678013)
* Madogiwa OL Kaisha wa Itsu mo Ten'yawan'ya (Shinchosha, ISBN 978-4104678020)
* Mota Sensei to Madogiwa OL no Hitodukiai ga Raku ni Naru Hon (work with Shigeta Saitō, Shueisha, ISBN 978-4083330728)
* Mōjo to Yobareta Shukujo: Sobo Saitō Teruko no Ikikata (Shinchosha, ISBN 978-4104678037)
* Madogiwa OL Oya to Jōshi wa Erabenai (Shinchosha, ISBN 978-4101295732)
* Papa wa Tanoshii Sōutubyō (work with Morio Kita, Asahi Shimbun Company, ISBN 978-4022504999)
* Madogiwa OL Jinjikou-ka de Gakeppuchi (Shinchosha, ISBN 978-4101295749)

## TV

* Tetsuko no Heya (May 12, 2008 with Morio Kita)


title: Yüzbey, Kalecik

abstract: Yüzbey is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kalecik, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 61 (2022).

text:
# Yüzbey, Kalecik

**Yüzbey** is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kalecik, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 61 (2022).

## InfoBox

| Yüzbey | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| YüzbeyLocation in TurkeyYüzbeyYüzbey (Turkey Central Anatolia) | |
| Coordinates: 40°20′N 33°23′E / 40.333°N 33.383°E / 40.333; 33.383 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Ankara |
| District | Kalecik |
| Population (2022) | 61 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Pursuit guidance

abstract: Pursuit guidance, or a pursuit course, is a form of guidance widely used in older guided missiles. In pursuit guidance, the missile is steered so that the velocity vector of the missile always points at the target, i.e. it has always the direction of the line of sight. This was the natural outcome of many guidance systems, notably beam riding systems where the missile followed the radar signal that was illuminating the target. As the radar typically used conical scanning in order to keep itself pointed at the target, and the missile guided itself by centering itself in this beam, this caused it to always fly directly at the target. It was also found in early laser-guided bombs with the aerodynamically stabilized seeker/guidance ("birdy") on the front of the bomb. The birdies sit on a universal joint and thus will point in the direction of the relative wind. If the laser receiver is placed on this wind stabilized reference, the angle that the laser is off the wind vector is the same as is measured relative to the centerline of the seeker. Thus, the angle is constructed easily in analog hardware. The disadvantage of this guidance law is that in most scenarios, it will bring the missile into a tail-chase towards the end of the missile's flight. This usually requires the missile to fly for longer, increasing the likelihood that the missile will run out of fuel or otherwise not reach the target. On the other hand, tail-chases can be better for heat-seeking air-to-air missiles, since the hottest part of the target is generally the jet exhausts. Another disadvantage is that this guidance law tends to require more maneuvering from the missile than laws such as proportional guidance, and that maneuvering may exceed the missile's performance envelope. Since modern computers allow the implementation of more complex guidance laws with relatively little cost in weight or other design factors, pursuit guidance is rarely used in modern missiles.

text:
# Pursuit guidance

**Pursuit guidance**, or a **pursuit course**, is a form of guidance widely used in older guided missiles.

In pursuit guidance, the missile is steered so that the velocity vector of the missile always points at the target, i.e. it has always the direction of the line of sight. This was the natural outcome of many guidance systems, notably beam riding systems where the missile followed the radar signal that was illuminating the target. As the radar typically used conical scanning in order to keep itself pointed at the target (radar lock-on), and the missile guided itself by centering itself in this beam, this caused it to always fly directly at the target.

It was also found in early laser-guided bombs with the aerodynamically stabilized seeker/guidance ("birdy") on the front of the bomb. The birdies sit on a universal joint and thus will point in the direction of the relative wind. If the laser receiver is placed on this wind stabilized reference, the angle that the laser is off the wind vector is the same as is measured relative to the centerline of the seeker. Thus, the angle is constructed easily in analog hardware.

The disadvantage of this guidance law is that in most scenarios, it will bring the missile into a tail-chase towards the end of the missile's flight. This usually requires the missile to fly for longer, increasing the likelihood that the missile will run out of fuel or otherwise not reach the target. On the other hand, tail-chases can be better for heat-seeking air-to-air missiles, since the hottest part of the target is generally the jet exhausts.

Another disadvantage is that this guidance law tends to require more maneuvering from the missile than laws such as proportional guidance, and that maneuvering may exceed the missile's performance envelope.

Since modern computers allow the implementation of more complex guidance laws with relatively little cost in weight or other design factors, pursuit guidance is rarely used in modern missiles.

* Lin, C. F. (1991). *Modern Navigation, Guidance, And Control Processing*. Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-596230-7.


title: Mountain breeze and valley breeze

abstract: In meteorology, a mountain breeze and a valley breeze are two related, localized winds that occur one after the other on a daily cycle. They are an example of anabatic and katabatic winds occurring at local scales. These winds are opposite from each other. Mountain winds blow from mountain towards valley after sunset, when mountain cools down and valley zone is comparatively warmer. While valley breezes occur when the warm air rises up the sides of the valley, warm air in a mountain breeze will rise up the middle.

text:
# Mountain breeze and valley breeze

In meteorology, a **mountain breeze** and a **valley breeze** are two related, localized winds that occur one after the other on a daily cycle. They are an example of anabatic and katabatic winds occurring at local scales. These winds are opposite from each other. Mountain winds blow from mountain towards valley after sunset, when mountain cools down and valley zone is comparatively warmer. While valley breezes occur when the warm air rises up the sides of the valley, warm air in a mountain breeze will rise up the middle.

## Cause

Mountain and valley breezes form through a process similar to sea and land breezes. During the day, the sun heats up mountain air rapidly while the valley remains relatively cooler. Convection causes it to rise, causing a valley breeze. At night, the process is reversed. During the night the slopes get cooled and the dense air descends into the valley as the mountain wind. These breezes occur mostly during calm and clear weather. Mountain and valley breezes are other examples of local winds caused by an area's geography. Campers in mountainous areas may feel a warm afternoon quickly change into a cold night soon after the sun sets. During the day, the sun warms the air along the mountain slopes. This warm air rises up the mountain slopes, creating a valley breeze. At nightfall, the air along the mountain slopes cools. This cool air moves down the slopes into the valley, producing a mountain breeze.


abstract: This is a list of members of the Australian Senate from 1953 to 1956. Half of its members were elected at the 28 April 1951 election and had terms deemed to start on 1 July 1950 and finishing on 30 June 1956; the other half were elected at the 9 May 1953 election and had terms starting on 1 July 1953 and finishing on 30 June 1959.

text:
# Members of the Australian Senate, 1953–1956

> **Senate composition at 1 July 1953**
> **Government (31)** \- (1 seat majority)
> Liberal (26)
> Country Party (5)
> **Opposition (29)**
> Labor (29)
> Changes in composition

This is a list of **members of the Australian Senate** from 1953 to 1956. Half of its members were elected at the 28 April 1951 election and had terms deemed to start on 1 July 1950 and finishing on 30 June 1956; the other half were elected at the 9 May 1953 election and had terms starting on 1 July 1953 and finishing on 30 June 1959.

| Senator | Party | | State | Term ending | Years in office |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Stan Amour |  | Labor | New South Wales | 1959 | 1938–1965 |
| Ken Anderson |  | Liberal | New South Wales | 1959 | 1953–1975 |
| John Armstrong |  | Labor | New South Wales | 1956 | 1938–1962 |
| James Arnold |  | Labor | New South Wales | 1959 | 1941–1965 |
| Bill Ashley |  | Labor | New South Wales | 1956 | 1938–1958 |
| Bill Aylett |  | Labor | Tasmania | 1959 | 1938–1965 |
| Archie Benn |  | Labor | Queensland | 1956 | 1950–1968 |
| Gordon Brown |  | Labor | Queensland | 1959 | 1932–1965 |
| Nancy Buttfield |  | Liberal | South Australia | 1956 | 1955–1965, 1968–1974 |
| Condon Byrne |  | Labor | Queensland | 1959 | 1951–1959, 1968–1974 |
| Don Cameron |  | Labor | Victoria | 1956 | 1938–1962 |
| George Cole |  | Labor/ALP (A-C) | Tasmania | 1959 | 1950–1965 |
| Joe Cooke |  | Labor | Western Australia | 1959 | 1947–1951, 1952–1965 |
| Walter Cooper |  | Country | Queensland | 1956 | 1928–1932, 1935–1968 |
| Ben Courtice |  | Labor | Queensland | 1956 | 1937–1962 |
| Jack Critchley |  | Labor | South Australia | 1959 | 1947–1959 |
| Jack Devlin |  | Labor | Victoria | 1959 | 1946–1957 |
| James Fraser |  | Labor | Western Australia | 1959 | 1938–1959 |
| John Gorton |  | Liberal | Victoria | 1956 | 1950–1968 |
| Donald Grant |  | Labor | New South Wales | 1959 | 1944–1959 |
| Allan Guy |  | Liberal | Tasmania | 1956 | 1950–1956 |
| Clive Hannaford |  | Liberal | South Australia | 1956 | 1950–1967 |
| John Harris |  | Labor | Western Australia | 1959 | 1947–1951, 1953–1959 |
| Bert Hendrickson |  | Labor | Victoria | 1959 | 1947–1971 |
| Denham Henty |  | Liberal | Tasmania | 1956 | 1950–1968 |
| Roy Kendall |  | Liberal | Queensland | 1959 | 1950–1965 |
| Pat Kennelly |  | Labor | Victoria | 1959 | 1953–1971 |
| Keith Laught |  | Liberal | South Australia | 1959 | 1951–1969 |
| Ted Maher |  | Country | Queensland | 1959 | 1950–1965 |
| John Marriott |  | Liberal | Tasmania | 1959 | 1953–1975 |
| Ted Mattner |  | Liberal | South Australia | 1956 | 1944–1946, 1950–1968 |
| John McCallum |  | Liberal | New South Wales | 1956 | 1950–1962 |
| Nick McKenna |  | Labor | Tasmania | 1956 | 1944–1968 |
| George McLeay |  | Liberal | South Australia | 1956 | 1935–1947, 1950–1955 |
| Alister McMullin |  | Liberal | New South Wales | 1959 | 1951–1971 |
| Theo Nicholls |  | Labor | South Australia | 1956 | 1944–1968 |
| Justin O'Byrne |  | Labor | Tasmania | 1959 | 1947–1981 |
| Sid O'Flaherty |  | Labor | South Australia | 1956 | 1944–1962 |
| Neil O'Sullivan |  | Liberal | Queensland | 1956 | 1947–1962 |
| Shane Paltridge |  | Liberal | Western Australia | 1956 | 1951–1966 |
| Rex Pearson |  | Liberal | South Australia | 1959 | 1951–1961 |
| Dame Annabelle Rankin |  | Liberal | Queensland | 1956 | 1947–1971 |
| George Rankin |  | Country | Victoria | 1956 | 1950–1956 |
| Albert Reid |  | Country | New South Wales | 1956 | 1950–1962 |
| Agnes Robertson |  | Liberal / Ind. /<br>Country | Western Australia | 1956 | 1950–1962 |
| John Ryan |  | Labor | South Australia | 1959 | 1950–1959 |
| Charles Sandford |  | Labor | Victoria | 1956 | 1947–1956, 1957–1966 |
| Malcolm Scott |  | Liberal | Western Australia | 1959 | 1950–1971 |
| Harrie Seward |  | Country | Western Australia | 1959 | 1951–1958 |
| Jim Sheehan |  | Labor | Victoria | 1956 | 1938–1940, 1944–1962 |
| John Spicer |  | Liberal | Victoria | 1956 | 1940–1944, 1950–1956 |
| Bill Spooner |  | Liberal | New South Wales | 1956 | 1950–1965 |
| Dame Dorothy Tangney |  | Labor | Western Australia | 1956 | 1943–1968 |
| Jim Toohey |  | Labor | South Australia | 1959 | 1953–1971 |
| Seddon Vincent |  | Liberal | Western Australia | 1956 | 1950–1964 |
| Robert Wardlaw |  | Liberal | Tasmania | 1956 | 1953–1962 |
| Dame Ivy Wedgwood |  | Liberal | Victoria | 1959 | 1950–1971 |
| Don Willesee |  | Labor | Western Australia | 1956 | 1950–1975 |
| Ian Wood |  | Liberal | Queensland | 1959 | 1950–1978 |
| Robert Wordsworth |  | Liberal | Tasmania | 1959 | 1950–1959 |
| Reg Wright |  | Liberal | Tasmania | 1956 | 1950–1978 |
|

1. Father of the Senate
2. Liberal Senator George McLeay died on 14 September 1955; Liberal Party member Nancy Buttfield was appointed to fill the ensuing vacancy on 11 October.
3. Appointed to a casual vacancy and only held office until the earlier of the next election for the House of Representatives or the Senate.
4. As part of the 1955 Labor split, George Cole joined the Australian Labor Party (Anti-Communist), which became the Democratic Labor Party in 1957.
5. Liberal Senator Shane Paltridge was the 6th and final Senator elected for Western Australia at the 1953 election and won the short term vacancy caused by the death of Edmund Piesse.
6. Robertson resigned from the Liberal Party on 7 September 1955, after being dropped from the party's Senate ticket for the upcoming election. She sat as an Independent until 28 September, when she joined the Country Party.
1. "The Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate 1953". Parliament of Australia. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
2. Evans, H. "Filling Casual Vacancies before 1977" (PDF). *The Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate, Volume 3*. Parliament of Australia. Retrieved 24 February 2017.
3. "Cole, George Ronald (1908–1969)". *The Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate*. Parliament of Australia.
4. SENATOR AGNES ROBERTSON LEAVES LIBERALS, *The Canberra Times*, 8 September 1955.
5. Senator Robertson Joins C.P., *The Canberra Times*, 29 September 1955.


title: Minnie Renwood

abstract:
Minnie Renwood was a popular dancer of the 1890s in New York City. Her performance of the serpentine dance became the subject of an important legal ruling regarding dance and
copyright.

text:
# Minnie Renwood

**Minnie Renwood** was a popular dancer of the 1890s in New York City. Her performance of the serpentine dance became the subject of an important legal ruling regarding dance and copyright.

## Dance career

Renwood performed the serpentine dance during a benefit for Ernest Hutchinson at the 14th Street (Manhattan) Theatre in May 1892. She appeared in violet tights and loosely draped white silk skirts at the informal inaugural opening of the Madison Square Garden roof show, on May 26, 1892. Accompanied by Spanish language students she performed her Spanish, butterfly, and shadow dances. The students played mandolins which created a background of staccato music. The sounds caused the lanterns to bob up and down and electric lamps in hues of red, white, and yellow blinked disapprovingly at one another.

"Soon, she (Loïe Fuller) auditioned for Rudolph Aronson of New York’s Casino Theatre. He named her dance “The Serpentine” and hired her to perform it as an entr’act in the comedy Uncle Celestin. Fuller achieved critical success with her Serpentine performances at the Casino and—when a dispute with Aronson forced her to switch venues—at the Madison Square Theatre. However, Fuller’s artistic achievements were soon dwarfed by legal troubles (among them, a copyright infringement suit against Minnie Renwood, the dancer Aronson hired to replace Fuller..."

## Judicial decision

United States Circuit Court Judge Lancombe ruled against an injunction filed by dancer Loie Fuller to prevent Renwood from performing the serpentine dance on the roof of Madison Square Garden, in June 1892. Fuller had originated the dance, which she contended that she retained the exclusive right to perform because she held its copyright. In denying the injunction Lancombe stated *it is essential to such a composition that it should tell the same story. The plot may be simple it may be but narrative, or a representation of a single transaction, but it must repeat or mimic some action, speech, emotion, passion, or character, real or imaginary. When it does, its ideas thus expressed become subject of copyright.* He concluded by saying that the serpentine dance was only intended to impress the audience with the concept of *a comely woman illustrating the poetry of motion in a singularly graceful fashion, and while such an idea may be pleasing, it can hardly be dramatic. Motion for preliminary injunction denied.* A central point of his ruling was Lancombe's statement that *the mere mechanical movements by which effects are produced on the stage are not subjects of copyright.*

## Illness

In August 1897 Renwood underwent a serious operation and was confined to a New York City sanitarium. The columnist believed she would not dance again for some time.

1. *Notes Of The Stage*, New York Times, May 15, 1892, pg. 13.
2. *Informal Opening Of The Madison Square Garden Roof Show*, New York Times, May 27, 1892, pg. 4.
3. "Loie Fuller Biographical Essay".
4. *Dancing And Copyright*, New York Times, June 19, 1892, pg. 20.
5. *Theatrical Notes*, New York Times, August 18, 1897, pg. 5.


title: Nancy Sullivan (American actress)

abstract: Nancy Sullivan is an American actress and comedian, who is best known for her role as Audrey Parker-Nichols on the Nickelodeon sitcom Drake & Josh.

text:
# Nancy Sullivan (American actress)

| External image | |
| --- | --- |
| Nancy Sullivan IMDb photo | |

**Nancy Sullivan** is an American actress and comedian, who is best known for her role as Audrey Parker-Nichols on the Nickelodeon sitcom *Drake & Josh*.

## Career

Before she became an actress, she received improvisation training as a member of The Groundlings in San Jose. She studied acting and dance at the University of Utah. Her role models are Lucille Ball, Tracey Ullman, and Carol Burnett. She rose to fame for playing Audrey Parker-Nichols in the hit Nickelodeon sitcom *Drake & Josh*. On *The Amanda Show*, she played various characters such as Marcy Stimple, Mrs. Klutz, Ms. DeBoat, and other various teachers, as well as adult defendants in "Judge Trudy" and customers for "Blockblister" and "...Dooper" sketches.

Sullivan has also appeared in many commercials including Price Chopper supermarket chain and the Consumer Cellular wireless carrier.

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1993 | *Boiling Point* | Clerk |  |
| 1995 | *Guns and Lipstick* | Customer Service Officer |  |
| 1997 | *The Setting Sun* | Sherry (Palm Reader) |  |
| 2013 | *Abner, The Invisible Dog* | Jackie |  |
| 2017 | *Monster Island* | Dina, Old Lady, Teacher (voices) |  |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1984 | *Single Bars, Single Women* | Sister | Television film |
| 1986–1990 | *Pee-wee’s Playhouse* | Friend of Pee-wee | Ensemble comedy cast with The Groundlings |
| 1994 | *Melrose Place* | Floor Nurse | 2 episodes |
| 1999–2002 | *The Amanda Show* | Various Characters/Herself | 26 episodes |
| 2000 | *Double Dare 2000* | Herself | Along with the cast of *The Amanda Show* |
| 2004–2007 | *Drake & Josh* | Audrey Parker-Nichols | 55 episodes |
| 2005 | *Zoey 101* | Mr. Bender's Wife | 1 episode |
| 2006 | *Drake & Josh Go Hollywood* | Audrey Parker-Nichols | Television film |
| 2006–2007 | *Squirrel Boy* | Ms. Johnson, Ballet Turtle, Kid #1 (voices) | 14 episodes |
| 2007 | *Drake & Josh: Really Big Shrimp* | Audrey Parker-Nichols | Television special |
| 2008 | *Merry Christmas, Drake & Josh* | | Television film |

### Video games

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2016 | *World of Final Fantasy* | Serafie |  |

### Bibliography

* *Threat of Exposure* (2002)

## InfoBox

| Nancy Sullivan | |
| --- | --- |
| Occupations | * Actress * comedian |
| Years active | 1983–present |


title: Neelam Pol

abstract: Neelam Pol is an entrepreneur and founder of Khel Planet Foundation. She is a Harvard University alumna and lives in Mumbai.

text:
# Neelam Pol

**Neelam Pol** (born 1981) is an entrepreneur and founder of Khel Planet Foundation. She is a Harvard University alumna and lives in Mumbai.

## Personal life

Pol was born with right arm phocomelia, a permanent, non-progressive, physical disability in which right arm was shorter than the left.

## Education

Pol attained a master's degree in International Education Policy from the Harvard University Graduate School of Education. She completed her MBA in Strategy Management from Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. She is an engineering graduate in Computer Science & Technology from Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey Women's University.

She has been a World Bank Scholar and Vital Voices Fellow. She was also awarded the Education Entrepreneurship Fellowship in 2014 by Harvard University.

## Career

Pol started her career working at Infosys as a software engineer. She later worked at companies including IBM and Tech Mahindra, where she worked in business sales, marketing and operations manager before becoming an educationist.

She left corporate career in 2012, and spent time working at the grass root level in rural India with government schools and focused on school leadership.

In 2014, Pol co-founded the non-profit organization Khel Planet Foundation, which aims to help children develop their full potential. In 2015, Neelam was selected among the top social entrepreneurs to attend Social Entrepreneurs Forum in Sweden organized by SE Forum.

She is a Programme Specialist, Innovation with UNICEF India. In past she has even worked as Education Consultant at The World Bank where she was leading the on-ground implementation support for Government of Bihar's enhancing teachers' effectiveness project. She has also been an innovation and policy consultant to Government of Maharashtra, as part of RUSA program, working towards improving higher education in the State.

Pol is a practitioner of adaptive leadership and has been a leadership mentor to group of young graduates to help them become social change agents of tomorrow. She has spoken to various events and colleges.

## InfoBox

| Neelam Pol | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 1981<br>Mumbai, India |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Alma mater | Harvard University |
| Occupation | Founder of Khel Planet |
| Known for | 21st Century Education and Social Entrepreneurship |
| Spouse | Saurabh Agarwal |


title: Neelam Setti Laxmi

abstract: Neelam Setti Laxmi is an Indian female weightlifter, competing in the 69 kg category and representing India at international competitions. She competed at world championships, most recently at the 1999 World Weightlifting Championships. She also won two silver medals at the 2002 Commonwealth Games.

text:
# Neelam Setti Laxmi

**Neelam Setti Laxmi** (born 5 March 1973) is an Indian female weightlifter, competing in the 69 kg category and representing India at international competitions. She competed at world championships, most recently at the 1999 World Weightlifting Championships. She also won two silver medals at the 2002 Commonwealth Games.

## Major results

| Year | Venue | Weight | Snatch (kg) | | | | Clean & Jerk (kg) | | | | Total | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | | |
| World Championships | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1999 | Piraeus, Greece | 69 kg | **100** | ~~105~~ | ~~105~~ | 7 | ~~125~~ | ~~125~~ | ~~125~~ | --- | **0** | --- |

1. "1999 Weightlifting World Championships - Neelam Setti Laxmi". iwf.net. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
2. rediff.com sports: Three million cash reward for Shailaja Pujari Retrieved 2019-02-19.

## InfoBox

Neelam Setti Laxmi
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Neelam Setti Laxmi |
| Born | (1973-03-05) 5 March 1973 |
| Weight | 68.09 kg (150.1 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Country | India |
| Sport | Weightlifting |
| Weight class | 69 kg |
| Team | National team |
| Updated on 28 September 2016 | |


title: Neptune (Toshinobu Kubota album)

abstract: Mayonaka no Taiyō Neptune is the sixth studio album by Japanese singer Toshinobu Kubota, released on July 1, 1992. The album charted at number 3 on the Oricon Monthly Albums chart and remained on the charts for total of 13 weeks. The album sold a total of 484,000 units, reaching double platinum certification.

text:
# Neptune (Toshinobu Kubota album)

***Neptune*** is the sixth studio album by Japanese singer Toshinobu Kubota, released on July 1, 1992. The album charted at number 3 on the Oricon Monthly Albums chart and remained on the charts for total of 13 weeks. The album sold a total of 484,000 units, reaching double platinum certification.

## Track listing

1. *Mayonaka no Taiyō* (真夜中の太陽, "Midnight Sun")
2. "To the Limit"
3. "Adeus Meu Amor"
4. *Toranpetto Fukinagara* (トランペット吹きながら, "Playing a Trumpet")
5. *Natsu no Shigosen* (夏の子午線, "Summer Meridian")
6. *Sweet Dreams: Sotto Oyasumi* (Ｓｗｅｅｔ Ｄｒｅａｍｓ～そっとおやすみ～)
7. "Let's Get a Groove: Yo! Hips"
8. "Our Masterpiece"
9. "Pump Up Your Gold"
10. "Get Six"
11. *Chikai* (誓い, "Oath")

## Personnel

* Artwork (art direction & design): Ryuzoh Nagasex (Sony Records)
* Artwork (type setting): Art Press
* Co-producer: Andres Levin (tracks 1, 4, 10), Camus Celli (tracks 1, 4, 10), Jeff Bova (tracks: 9), Yoichiro Kakizaki (tracks 2, 3, 5 to 8, 11)
* Engineer: Stephen Seltzer
* Engineer (assistant): Jenni Bette, Shannon Carr
* Engineer (mastering): Ted Jensen
* Executive producer: Hidenori Taga (Kitty), Yasohachi "88" Itoh (Sony Records)
* Lyrics: Masumi Kawamura (tracks 2, 5), Toshinobu Kubota (tracks 1, 3, 4, 6 to 11)
* Mixing: Larry Alexander, Stephen Seltzer
* Music: Yoichiro Kakizaki (track 9)
* Photography: Yoshiaki Sugiyama
* Photography (digital): Foton
* Production, music: Toshinobu Kubota

## *Funkin' On Neptune Tour*

Staged from June 26 to October 1, 1992, and included songs from the album *Neptune*, as well as the songs "Time (Shower ni Utarete)" and "Eien no Tsubasa" from his previous album *Groovin'*.

The opening act for the June 26 show was Yoshie Shimizu.

### Set list

1. Let's Get a Groove: Yo! Hips
2. Natsu no Shigosen
3. To the Limit
4. Our Masterpiece
5. Eien no Tsubasa
6. Mayonaka no Taiyō
7. Time (Shower ni Utarete)

### Personnel

Band * Bass: Dale Sanders
* Guitar: Ichiro Haneda
* Keyboard: Yoichiro Kakizaki, Takuo Sugiyama
* Percussion: Obao Nakajima
* Other instruments: Hiroshi Araki, Kazufumi Suzuki

Background vocalists * Dale Sanders
* Rinko Urashima
* Yoko Takahashi

## InfoBox

| Neptune | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Toshinobu Kubota | |
| Released | July 1, 1992 |
| Recorded | 1991–1992
Electric Lady Studios NYC |
| Genre | R&B, pop, dance, dance-pop |
| Length | 57:10 |
| Label | Sony Music Entertainment Japan |
| Producer | Toshinobu Kubota, Yoichiro Kakizaki |
| Toshinobu Kubota chronology | |
| *Kubojah: Parallel World I*
(1991) ***Neptune***
(1992) *The Baddest II*
(1993) | |


title: NetBarrier X4

abstract: Netbarrier X4 is a discontinued version of the Intego Netbarrier line of its firewall for OS X. It features a cookie cleaner, a browser history cleaner, internet traffic statistic, an Internet bandwidth meter, cookie filters and information hiding. The firewall is customizable, with already configured options: "No Restrictions", "No Network", "Client", "Server Only", "Client Only", and "Customized". The "Customized" option allows flexible firewall configuration. NetBarrier's features have been integrated into VirusBarrier X6, and it is no longer sold as a standalone product.

text:
# NetBarrier X4

**Netbarrier X4** is a discontinued version of the Intego Netbarrier line of its firewall for OS X. It features a cookie cleaner, a browser history cleaner, internet traffic statistic, an Internet bandwidth meter, cookie filters and information hiding. The firewall is customizable, with already configured options: "No Restrictions", "No Network", "Client (Local Server)", "Server Only", "Client Only", and "Customized". The "Customized" option allows flexible firewall configuration.

NetBarrier's features have been integrated into VirusBarrier X6, and it is no longer sold as a standalone product.

## InfoBox

NetBarrier X4
| Developer(s) | Intego |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Final release | 10.4.5 / 2007 |
|  | |
| Operating system | OS X |
| Type | Firewall |
| License | Proprietary |
| Website | www.intego.com/netbarrier/ |


title: NetCDF

abstract: NetCDF is a set of software libraries and self-describing, machine-independent data formats that support the creation, access, and sharing of array-oriented scientific data. The project homepage is hosted by the Unidata program at the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR). They are also the chief source of netCDF software, standards development, updates, etc. The format is an open standard. NetCDF Classic and 64-bit Offset Format are an international standard of the Open Geospatial Consortium.

text:
# NetCDF

**NetCDF** (**Network Common Data Form**) is a set of software libraries and self-describing, machine-independent data formats that support the creation, access, and sharing of array-oriented scientific data. The project homepage is hosted by the Unidata program at the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR). They are also the chief source of netCDF software, standards development, updates, etc. The format is an open standard. NetCDF Classic and 64-bit Offset Format are an international standard of the Open Geospatial Consortium.

## History

The project started in 1988 and is still actively supported by UCAR. The original netCDF binary format (released in 1990, now known as "netCDF classic format") is still widely used across the world and continues to be fully supported in all netCDF releases. Version 4.0 (released in 2008) allowed the use of the HDF5 data file format. Version 4.1 (2010) added support for  and Fortran client access to specified subsets of remote data via OPeNDAP. Version 4.3.0 (2012) added a CMake build system for Windows builds. Version 4.7.0 (2019) added support for reading Amazon S3 objects. Version 4.8.0 (2021) added further support for Zarr. Version 4.9.0 (2022) added support for Zstandard compression. Further releases are planned to improve performance, add features, and fix bugs.

The format was originally based on the conceptual model of the Common Data Format developed by NASA, but has since diverged and is not compatible with it.

## Format description

The netCDF libraries support multiple different binary formats for netCDF files:

* The classic format was used in the first netCDF release, and is still the default format for file creation.
* The 64-bit offset format was introduced in version 3.6.0, and it supports larger variable and file sizes.
* The netCDF-4/HDF5 format was introduced in version 4.0; it is the HDF5 data format, with some restrictions.
* The HDF4 SD format is supported for read-only access.
* The CDF5 format is supported, in coordination with the parallel-netcdf project.

All formats are "self-describing". This means that there is a header which describes the layout of the rest of the file, in particular the data arrays, as well as arbitrary file metadata in the form of name/value attributes. The format is platform independent, with issues such as endianness being addressed in the software libraries. The data are stored in a fashion that allows efficient subsetting.

Starting with version 4.0, the netCDF API allows the use of the HDF5 data format. NetCDF users can create HDF5 files with benefits not available with the netCDF format, such as much larger files and multiple unlimited dimensions.

Full backward compatibility in accessing old netCDF files and using previous versions of the C and Fortran APIs is supported.

## Software

### Access libraries

The software libraries supplied by UCAR provide read-write access to netCDF files, encoding and decoding the necessary arrays and metadata. The core library is written in , and provides an application programming interface (API) for C, C++ and two APIs for Fortran applications, one for Fortran 77, and one for Fortran 90. An independent implementation, also developed and maintained by Unidata, is written in 100% Java, which extends the core data model and adds additional functionality. Interfaces to netCDF based on the C library are also available in other languages including  (*ncdf*, *ncvar* and *RNetCDF* packages), Perl Data Language, Python, Ruby, Haskell, Mathematica, MATLAB, Interactive Data Language (IDL), Julia and Octave. The specification of the API calls is very similar across the different languages, apart from inevitable differences of syntax. The API calls for version 2 were rather different from those in version 3, but are also supported by versions 3 and 4 for backward compatibility. Application programmers using supported languages need not normally be concerned with the file structure itself, even though it is available as open formats.

### Applications

A wide range of application software has been written which makes use of netCDF files. These range from command line utilities to graphical visualization packages. A number are listed below, and a longer list is on the UCAR website.

* A commonly used set of Unix command line utilities for netCDF files is the NetCDF Operators (NCO) suite, which provide a range of commands for manipulation and analysis of netCDF files including basic record concatenating, array slicing and averaging.
* ncBrowse is a generic netCDF file viewer that includes Java graphics, animations and 3D visualizations for a wide range of netCDF file conventions.
* ncview is a visual browser for netCDF format files. This program is a simple, fast, GUI-based tool for visualising fields in a netCDF file. One can browse through the various dimensions of a data array, taking a look at the raw data values. It is also possible to change color maps, invert the data, etc.
* Panoply is a netCDF file viewer developed at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies which focuses on presentation of geo-gridded data. It is written in Java and thus platform independent. Although its feature set overlaps with ncBrowse and ncview, Panoply is distinguished by offering a wide variety of map projections and ability to work with different scale color tables.
* The NCAR Command Language (NCL) is used to analyze and visualize data in netCDF files (among other formats).
* The Python programming language can access netCDF files with the PyNIO module (which also facilitates access to a variety of other data formats). netCDF files can also be read with the Python module `netCDF4-python`, and into a pandas-like `DataFrame` with the `xarray` module.
* Ferret is an interactive computer visualization and analysis environment designed to meet the needs of oceanographers and meteorologists analyzing large and complex gridded data sets. Ferret offers a Mathematica-like approach to analysis; new variables may be defined interactively as mathematical expressions involving data set variables. Calculations may be applied over arbitrarily shaped regions. Fully documented graphics are produced with a single command.
* GrADS (Grid Analysis and Display System) is an interactive desktop tool that is used for easy access, manipulation, and visualization of earth science data. GrADS has been implemented worldwide on a variety of commonly used operating systems and is freely distributed over the Internet.
* nCDF\_Browser is a visual nCDF browser, written in the IDL programming language. Variables, attributes, and dimensions can be immediately downloaded to the IDL command line for further processing. All the Coyote Library files necessary to run nCDF\_Browser are available in the zip file.
* ArcGIS versions after 9.2 support netCDF files that follow the Climate and Forecast Metadata Conventions and contain rectilinear grids with equally-spaced coordinates. The Multidimensional Tools toolbox can be used to create raster layers, feature layers, and table views from netCDF data in ArcMap, or convert feature, raster, and table data to netCDF.
* OriginPro version 2021b supports netCDF CF Convention. Averaging can be performed during import to allow handling of large datasets in a GUI software.
* The GDAL (Geospatial Data Abstraction Library) provides support for read and write access to netCDF data.
* netCDF Explorer is a multi-platform graphical browser for netCDF files. netCDF Explorer can browse files locally or remotely, by means of OPeNDAP
* supports netCDF through packages such as *ncdf4* (including HDF5 support) or *RNetCDF* (no HDF5 support).
* HDFql enables users to manage netCDF-4/HDF5 files through a high-level language (similar to SQL) in C, C++, Java, Python, C#, Fortran and R.
* Metview workstation and batch system from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) can handle NetCDF together with GRIB and BUFR.
* OpenChrom ships a converter under the terms of the Eclipse Public License

## Common uses

It is commonly used in climatology, meteorology and oceanography applications (e.g., weather forecasting, climate change) and GIS applications.

It is an input/output format for many GIS applications, and for general scientific data exchange. To quote from their site:

"NetCDF (network Common Data Form) is a set of interfaces for array-oriented data access and a freely-distributed collection of data access libraries for C, Fortran, C++, Java, and other languages. The netCDF libraries support a machine-independent format for representing scientific data. Together, the interfaces, libraries, and format support the creation, access, and sharing of scientific data."

## Conventions

The Climate and Forecast (CF) conventions are metadata conventions for earth science data, intended to promote the processing and sharing of files created with the NetCDF Application Programmer Interface (API). The conventions define metadata that are included in the same file as the data (thus making the file "self-describing"), that provide a definitive description of what the data in each variable represents, and of the spatial and temporal properties of the data (including information about grids, such as grid cell bounds and cell averaging methods). This enables users of data from different sources to decide which data are comparable, and allows building applications with powerful extraction, regridding, and display capabilities.

## Parallel-NetCDF

An extension of netCDF for parallel computing called Parallel-NetCDF (or PnetCDF) has been developed by Argonne National Laboratory and Northwestern University. This is built upon MPI-IO, the I/O extension to MPI communications. Using the high-level netCDF data structures, the Parallel-NetCDF libraries can make use of optimizations to efficiently distribute the file read and write applications between multiple processors. The Parallel-NetCDF package can read/write only classic and 64-bit offset formats. Parallel-NetCDF cannot read or write the HDF5-based format available with netCDF-4.0. The Parallel-NetCDF package uses different, but similar APIs in Fortran and C.

Parallel I/O in the Unidata netCDF library has been supported since release 4.0, for HDF5 data files. Since version 4.1.1 the Unidata NetCDF C library supports parallel I/O to classic and 64-bit offset files using the Parallel-NetCDF library, but with the NetCDF API.

## Interoperability of C/Fortran/C++ libraries with other formats

The netCDF C library, and the libraries based on it (Fortran 77 and Fortran 90, C++, and all third-party libraries) can, starting with version 4.1.1, read some data in other data formats. Data in the HDF5 format can be read, with some restrictions. Data in the HDF4 format can be read by the netCDF C library if created using the HDF4 Scientific Data (SD) API.

## NetCDF-Java common data model

The NetCDF-Java library currently reads the following file formats and remote access protocols:

There are a number of other formats in development. Since each of these is accessed transparently through the NetCDF API, the NetCDF-Java library is said to implement a common data model for scientific datasets.

The Java common data model has three layers, which build on top of each other to add successively richer semantics:

1. The *data access* layer, also known as the syntactic layer, handles data reading.
2. The *coordinate system* layer identifies the coordinates of the data arrays. Coordinates are a completely general concept for scientific data; specialized georeferencing coordinate systems, important to the Earth Science community, are specially annotated.
3. The *scientific data type* layer identifies specific types of data, such as grids, images, and point data, and adds specialized methods for each kind of data.

The data model of the data access layer is a generalization of the NetCDF-3 data model, and substantially the same as the NetCDF-4 data model. The coordinate system layer implements and extends the concepts in the Climate and Forecast Metadata Conventions. The scientific data type layer allows data to be manipulated in coordinate space, analogous to the Open Geospatial Consortium specifications. The identification of coordinate systems and data typing is ongoing, but users can plug in their own classes at runtime for specialized processing.

* CGNS (Computational fluid dynamics General Notation System)
* EAS3 (Ein-Ausgabe-System)
* FITS (Flexible Image Transport System)
* Tecplot binary files
* XDMF (eXtensible Data Model Format)
* XMDF (eXtensible Model Data Format)

## InfoBox

Network Common Data Form
| Filename extension | .nc |
| --- | --- |
| Internet media type | application/netcdf
application/x-netcdf |
| Magic number | CDF\001
\211HDF\r\n\032\n |
| Developed by | University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) |
| Latest release | 4.9.2  (17 March 2023 (17 March 2023)) |
| Type of format | scientific binary data |
| Extended from | Common Data Format (CDF)
Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) |
| Website | www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/ |


title: Neil Burgess (neuroscientist)

abstract: Neil Burgess is a British neuroscientist. He has been a professor of cognitive neuroscience at University College London since 2004 and a Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow since 2011. He has made important contributions to understanding memory and spatial cognition by developing computational models relating behaviour to activity in biological neural networks.

text:
# Neil Burgess (neuroscientist)

**Neil Burgess** (born 13 July 1966) is a British neuroscientist. He has been a professor of cognitive neuroscience at University College London since 2004 and a Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow since 2011. He has made important contributions to understanding memory and spatial cognition by developing computational models relating behaviour to activity in biological neural networks.

## Early life and education

Neil Burgess was born on 13 July 1966 in Oakington, Cambridgeshire, to Alan and Lore Burgess (née Freudenthal). He was educated at three schools in Cambridge: Newnham Croft Primary School, Parkside Community College, and Hills Road Sixth Form College.

Burgess studied mathematics and physics as an undergraduate at University College London, graduating with first-class honours in 1987. He then completed postgraduate study in theoretical physics in the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester, supervised by Michael Moore, where he began working on models of memory with Graham Hitch. Burgess was awarded a PhD in 1990.

## Research and career

Burgess has developed models to explain how networks of neurons allow us to represent, remember and imagine our location within the surrounding environment. These models provide a quantitative understanding of how spatial memory, episodic memory and autobiographical memory function (and dysfunction) depend on human brain activity. With Tom Hartley at the University of York and Colin Lever at Durham University he both predicted and discovered neurons representing environmental boundaries.

### Awards and honours

Burgess was elected a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) in 2009 and a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2017 having previously held a Royal Society University Research Fellowship from 1993 to 2001.

## Personal life

Burgess married Cathryn Jane McDowell in 1997. They have two sons and one daughter.

## InfoBox

| Neil BurgessFRS FMedSci | |
| --- | --- |
| Burgess in 2017 | |
| Born | (1966-07-13) 13 July 1966<br>Oakington, Cambridgeshire, England |
| Education |  |
| Alma mater |  |
| Spouse | Cathryn McDowell (m. 1997) |
| Children | 3 |
| Awards | Royal Society University Research Fellowship |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Neuroscience |
| Institutions | University College London |
| Thesis | *Neural networks, human memory and optimisation* (1990) |
| Doctoral advisor | Michael Moore |
|  | |
| Website | www.ucl.ac.uk/icn/neilburgess |


title: Čížová

abstract: Čížová is a municipality and village in Písek District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,300 inhabitants.

text:
# Čížová

**Čížová** is a municipality and village in Písek District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,300 inhabitants.

## Administrative parts

The villages of Borečnice, Bošovice, Krašovice, Nová Ves, Topělec and Zlivice are administrative parts of Čížová.

## Etymology

The adjective *čížová* (from *čížek*, i.e. 'siskin') was probably originally associated with some hill on which many siskins lived.

## Geography

Čížová is located about 6 kilometres (4 mi) northwest of Písek and 49 km (30 mi) northwest of České Budějovice. It lies on the border of the Tábor Uplands and Blatná Uplands. The highest point is a hill at 571 m (1,873 ft) above sea level. The Otava River forms the eastern municipal border.

## History

The first written mention of Čížová is from 1316. An untrustworthy mention of Čížová related to the year 942 appears in the chronicle of Wenceslaus Hajek from 1541. Until 1509, the area was owned by Czech kings. In 1509–1547, Čížová was a property of the town of Písek. Notable owners of Čížová were the Deym of Střítež family, who held it from 1560 to 1726. Čížová was then owned by the Czernin family (1726–1753) and by the Lobkowicz family (1753–1932).

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year Pop. ±%  1869 1,485       1880 1,620 +9.1%  1890 1,622 +0.1%  1900 1,526 −5.9%  1910 1,487 −2.6% | Year Pop. ±%  1921 1,481 −0.4%  1930 1,395 −5.8%  1950 1,110 −20.4%  1961 1,089 −1.9%  1970 944 −13.3% | Year Pop. ±%  1980 935 −1.0%  1991 854 −8.7%  2001 820 −4.0%  2011 1,105 +34.8%  2021 1,330 +20.4% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## Transport

The D4 motorway briefly passes through the southern part of the municipal territory and runs along the municipal border.

Čížová is located on the railway line Prague–České Budějovice.

## Sights

The main landmark is the Church of Saint James the Great, which is situated on a hill above Čížová. The church has a Gothic core and its existence was first documented in 1407. The church is surrounded by a cemetery on which stays the Chapel of Saint Barbara and a historical bell tower. The Chapel of Saint Barbara dates from 1759.

## InfoBox

| Čížová | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| A street in Čížová | |
|  | |
| ČížováLocation in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 49°21′25″N 14°5′35″E / 49.35694°N 14.09306°E / 49.35694; 14.09306 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | South Bohemian |
| District | Písek |
| First mentioned | 1316 |
| Area | |
| Total | 36.10 km2 (13.94 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 448 m (1,470 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01) | |
| Total | 1,349 |
| Density | 37/km2 (97/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 398 31 |
| Website | www.cizova.cz |


title: Ď

abstract: The grapheme Ď is a letter in the Czech and Slovak alphabets used to denote, the voiced palatal plosive, a sound similar to British English d in dew. It was also used in Polabian. The majuscule of the letter (Ď) is formed from Latin D with the addition of a háček; the minuscule of the letter (ď) has a háček modified to an apostrophe-like stroke instead of a wedge. When collating, Ď is placed right after regular D in the alphabet. Ď is also used to represent uppercase eth in the coat of arms of Shetland although the standard uppercase form of eth is Ð.

text:
# Ď

The grapheme **Ď** (minuscule: **ď**) is a letter in the Czech and Slovak alphabets used to denote /ɟ/, the voiced palatal plosive (precisely alveolo-palatal), a sound similar to British English *d* in *dew*. It was also used in Polabian. The majuscule of the letter (Ď) is formed from Latin  with the addition of a háček; the minuscule of the letter (ď) has a háček modified to an apostrophe-like stroke instead of a wedge. When collating, Ď is placed right after regular D in the alphabet.

*Ď* is also used to represent uppercase eth in the coat of arms of Shetland although the standard uppercase form of eth is .

## Encoding

Character information
| Preview | Ď | | ď | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Unicode name | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH CARON | | LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH CARON | |
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 270 | U+010E | 271 | U+010F |
| UTF-8 | 196 142 | C4 8E | 196 143 | C4 8F |
| Numeric character reference | Ď | Ď | ď | ď |
| Named character reference | Ď | | ď | |

In Unicode, the letters are encoded at U+010E Ď LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH CARON (Ď) and U+010F ď LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH CARON (ď).

As recorded by the Unicode Consortium, the form of the minuscule letter preferred for typesetting is "d with a curved apostrophe" (rather than "d with a caron diacritic").


title: Neoprincipia

abstract: Neoprincipia is interpreted as the earliest crown-group red algae.

text:
# Neoprincipia

***Neoprincipia*** is interpreted as the earliest crown-group red algae.

## InfoBox

| *Neoprincipia*
Temporal range: | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| *Clade*: | Archaeplastida |
| Division: | Rhodophyta |
| Class: | Florideophyceae |
| *Stem group*: | Corallinales |
| Family: | Archaeolithophyllaceae |
| Genus: | *Neoprincipia*
Cózar & Vachard, 2003 |
|
| Species | |
| * ***N. guadiatica*** Cózar & Vachard, 2003 * ***N. tethysiana*** Cózar & Vachard, 2003 | |


title: Neopringlea

abstract: Neopringlea is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Salicaceae. It is native to Mexico and Guatemala. The genus name of Neopringlea is in honour of Cyrus Pringle (1838–1911), an American botanist who spent a career of 35 years cataloguing the plants of North America. He was also a prolific collector and accomplished botanical explorer. It was first described and published in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts vol.26 on page 134 in 1891.

text:
# Neopringlea

***Neopringlea*** is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Salicaceae.

It is native to Mexico and Guatemala.

The genus name of *Neopringlea* is in honour of Cyrus Pringle (1838–1911), an American botanist who spent a career of 35 years cataloguing the plants of North America. He was also a prolific collector and accomplished botanical explorer. It was first described and published in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts vol.26 on page 134 in 1891.

## Known species

According to Kew:

## InfoBox

| *Neopringlea* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Salicaceae |
| Subfamily: | Salicoideae |
| Tribe: | Homalieae |
| Genus: | *Neopringlea*<br>S.Watson |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Henningsocarpum* Kuntze * *Llavea* Liebm. | |


title: Netac Technology

abstract: Netac Technology Co., Ltd. is a Chinese data storage company headquartered in Shenzhen. The company claims to be the world's first inventor of USB flash drive, although that claim is disputed by IBM and other manufacturers.

text:
# Netac Technology

**Netac Technology Co., Ltd.** (SZSE: 300042) is a Chinese data storage company headquartered in Shenzhen. The company claims to be the world's first inventor of USB flash drive, although that claim is disputed by IBM and other manufacturers.

## History

Founded on 29 April 1999 by Guoshun "Frank" Deng and Cheng Xiaohua, the two worked for a year developing their first product, an eight megabyte flash memory drive that Deng christened the U disk.

## Products

As of 2021, Netac's product line mainly consists of solid-state drive, memory module, SD cards, USB flash drives, external hard disk drives, and peripherals.

### Flash drive

On July 24, 2002, Netac was granted its first patent, for an electronic flash memory external storage method and device. At least 14 companies have since requested invalidation of this patent, as "\[the patented device\] has been anticipated by the combination of two references, i.e. USB System Architecture and the Handbook of Flash Memory Technology published in 1997 and such combination is obvious to those skilled in the art."

Although the company claims to have invented the first USB flash drive in 1999 and submitted a Chinese patent application for the device the same year, the patent was granted and the product launched only in 2002. IBM had released an eight megabyte USB flash drive in late 2000, which preceded Netac's offering to market by more than a year and a half.

## Patents

Unlike many other Chinese OEMs, Netac holds a number of patents. By 2009, Netac had filed for over 300 patents in the US, South Korea, Singapore, and the People's Republic of China. Over 200 of those patent applications had been filed by 2005.

Patents held by Netac include:

* Chinese Patent No. ZL99117225.6 for an electronic flash memory external storage method and device.
* Expired US Patent No. 6,829,672, for an electronic flash memory external storage method and device.
* Chinese Patent No. ZL02114797.3 for a USB Wireless Modem
* South Korean Patent No. 583626, for a multifunction semiconductor storage device and method for booting-up computer host
* Singaporean Patent No. SG119038, for an automatically executing method using semiconductor storage devices

## Lawsuits

Intellectual-property infringement is widespread in China, and Netac has taken companies both in and outside of this nation to court in order to protect its patents.

Companies it has sued include US-based PNY Technologies, Beijing's Lenovo and Huaqi Information Digital Technology Co Ltd, Shenzen's Fuguanghui and Xingzhidao, Japan-based Sony, and Taiwan's Acer and Tai Guen Enterprise Co.

Its 2006 lawsuit against PNY Technologies was the first time a Chinese company filed patent infringement charges overseas.

## Shenzhen Coocaa Network Technology Co Ltd

A joint venture with Skyworth, Shenzhen Coocaa Network Technology Co Ltd provides free high-definition movie and video download services. Netac has developed USB flash drives that, in conjunction with USB port equipped Skyworth televisions, allow video to be played from the drive.

## Production bases

Netac office building is located in Nanshan high-tech district which is the technology center of Shenzhen.

## InfoBox

Netac Technology
|
|  |
| Company type | Public |
| Industry | Consumer electronics |
| Founded | April 29, 1999 (1999-04-29) |
| Headquarters | Shenzhen, China |
| Key people | Guoshun Deng, co-founder |
| Products | SSDs, Memory Modules, USB flash drives, memory cards, External SSD and Hard Drive, and storage peripherals. |
| Website | www.netac.com |


title: İbrahimhacılı

abstract: İbrahimhacılı is a village and municipality in the Tovuz Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 3,838.

text:
# İbrahimhacılı

**İbrahimhacılı** (also, **Ibrogim-Gadzhyly**, **Ibragim-Gadzhaly**, and **Ibragim Gadzhyly**) is a village and municipality in the Tovuz Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 3,838.

## InfoBox

| İbrahimhacılı | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| İbrahimhacılı | |
| Coordinates: 40°53′42″N 45°44′56″E / 40.89500°N 45.74889°E / 40.89500; 45.74889 | |
| Country | Azerbaijan |
| Rayon | Tovuz |
| Population | |
| Total | 3,838 |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (AZT) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+5 (AZT) |


title: İbrahimkavağı, Çine

abstract: İbrahimkavağı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Çine, Aydın Province, Turkey. Its population is 449 (2022).

text:
# İbrahimkavağı, Çine

**İbrahimkavağı** is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Çine, Aydın Province, Turkey. Its population is 449 (2022).

## InfoBox

| İbrahimkavağı | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| İbrahimkavağıLocation in Turkeyİbrahimkavağıİbrahimkavağı (Turkey Aegean) | |
| Coordinates: 37°41′N 28°11′E / 37.683°N 28.183°E / 37.683; 28.183 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Aydın |
| District | Çine |
| Population (2022) | 449 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: İbrahimhapıt

abstract: İbrahimhapıt is a former village in the Quba Rayon of Azerbaijan.

text:
# İbrahimhapıt

41°21′05″N 48°47′45″E / 41.35139°N 48.79583°E / 41.35139; 48.79583

**İbrahimhapıt** (also, **İbrahim Haput**, **Ibragim-Gaput**, and **Ibragimgapyt**) is a former village in the Quba Rayon of Azerbaijan.

## InfoBox

| İbrahimhapıt | |
| --- | --- |
| İbrahimhapıt | |
| Coordinates: 41°21′05″N 48°47′45″E / 41.35139°N 48.79583°E / 41.35139; 48.79583 | |
| Country | Azerbaijan |
| Rayon | Quba |
| Population (2014) | |
| Total | 0 |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (AZT) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+5 (AZT) |


title: Neotaranomis

abstract:
Neotaranomis is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:
  - Neotaranomis atropurpurea Chemsak & Noguera, 2001
  - Neotaranomis australis Chemsak & Linsley, 1982
  - Neotaranomis sinaloae Chemsak & Linsley, 1982

text:
# Neotaranomis

***Neotaranomis*** is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:

## InfoBox

| *Neotaranomis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Subfamily: | Cerambycinae |
| Tribe: | Trachyderini |
| Genus: | *Neotaranomis*<br>Chemsak & Linsley, 1982 |
|


title: Łosice, Lower Silesian Voivodeship

abstract: Łosice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Długołęka, within Wrocław County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Długołęka, and 16 kilometres (10 mi) north-east of the regional capital Wrocław.

text:
# Łosice, Lower Silesian Voivodeship

**Łosice** \[wɔˈɕit͡sɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Długołęka, within Wrocław County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Długołęka, and 16 kilometres (10 mi) north-east of the regional capital Wrocław.

## InfoBox

| Łosice | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Łosice | |
| Coordinates: 51°13′15″N 17°12′11″E / 51.22083°N 17.20306°E / 51.22083; 17.20306 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lower Silesian |
| County | Wrocław |
| Gmina | Długołęka |
| Population | 200 |