title: Heliconius doris

abstract: Heliconius doris, the Doris longwing or Doris is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is known for being a polymorphic species which participates in various Müllerian mimicry rings throughout Central America and the Amazon rainforest. It is a species of special interest in biological science for the genetic basis and role of polymorphism (biology) in ecology and evolution. It is commonly found from sea level to 1200 metres in forest clearings. The larvae primarily feed on granadilla species. Adults feed on nectar from Lantana flowers, with the females also collecting pollen from Psiguria and Psychotia flowers.

text:
# Heliconius doris

***Heliconius doris***, the **Doris longwing** or **Doris** is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is known for being a polymorphic species which participates in various Müllerian mimicry rings throughout Central America and the Amazon rainforest. It is a species of special interest in biological science for the genetic basis and role of polymorphism (biology) in ecology and evolution.

It is commonly found from sea level to 1200 metres in forest clearings.

The larvae primarily feed on granadilla species. Adults feed on nectar from *Lantana* flowers, with the females also collecting pollen from *Psiguria* and *Psychotia* flowers.

## Subspecies

Listed alphabetically:

* *Heliconius doris delila* (Hübner, \[1813\]) – (Peru)
* *Heliconius doris dives* (Oberthür, 1920) – (Colombia, Venezuela)
* *Heliconius doris doris* (Linnaeus, 1771) – (Surinam, French Guiana, Guyana, Colombia, Bolivia, Peru, Brazil)
* *Heliconius doris obscurus* (Weymer, 1891) – (Colombia, Ecuador)
* *?Heliconius doris virescens* Riffarth, 1901
* *Heliconius doris viridis* (Staudinger, 1885) – (Panama, Honduras)
* *Heliconus doris morralli* (Cast, 2019) – (Trinidad)

## InfoBox

| *Heliconius doris* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Heliconius doris doris*, Quito, Ecuador | |
|  | |
| *Heliconius doris viridis* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Genus: | *Heliconius* |
| Species: | ***H. doris*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Heliconius doris***<br>(Linnaeus, 1771) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Papilio erato* Linnaeus, 1758 * *Papilio doris* Linnaeus, 1771 * *Laparus doris* (Linnaeus, 1771) * *Papilio quirina* Cramer, \[1775\] * *Papilio amathusia* Cramer, \[1777\] * *Nereis delila* Hübner, \[1813\] * *Migonitis crenis* Hübner, 1816 * *Crenis brylle* Hübner, 1821 * *Heliconia dorimena* Doubleday, 1847 * *Heliconius mars* Staudinger, 1885 | |


title: Nano–Mugen Compilation 2008

abstract: "Natsuzemi" ASIAN KUNG-FU GENERATION presents Nano–Mugen Compilation 2008 is a compilation album released by Asian Kung-Fu Generation on July 9, 2008, to advertise their seventh annual Nano-Mugen Festival held at the Yokohama Arena through July 20–21st. The album features one song from each of the sixteen groups, from Japan, United States, and United Kingdom, who performed at the festival.

text:
# Nano–Mugen Compilation 2008

***ASIAN KUNG-FU GENERATION presents Nano–Mugen Compilation 2008*** is a compilation album released by Asian Kung-Fu Generation on July 9, 2008, to advertise their seventh annual Nano-Mugen Festival held at the Yokohama Arena through July 20–21st. The album features one song from each of the sixteen groups, from Japan, United States, and United Kingdom, who performed at the festival.

## Track listing

1. "Natsuzemi" (夏蝉, *Summer Cicada*)ASIAN KUNG-FU GENERATION
2. "Sayonara 90's" – Analog Fish
3. "Ato Jūbyō De" (あと10秒で, *After 10 Seconds*)Art-School
4. "You Can't Have It All" – Ash
5. "Mr. Feather" – ELLEGARDEN
6. "All Time Lows" – Hellogoodbye
7. "Do the Panic" – Phantom Planet
8. "Across the Sky" – Space Cowboy
9. "Laurentech" – SPECIAL OTHERS
10. "My Friends" – Stereophonics
11. "Alibi" – STRAIGHTENER
12. "Semi-Charmed Life" – Third Eye Blind
13. "Parachute" – Shugo Tokumaru
14. "MASHitUP" – The Young Punx
15. "RIWO" – 8otto
16. "Punishment" – 9mm Parabellum Bullet

## Chart positions

### Album

| Year | Chart | Peak position |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | Oricon | 18 |

### Songs

| Year | Song | Peak position |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | | Japan Hot 100 |
| 2008 | "Natsusemi" | 36 |

## InfoBox

| Nano-Mugen Compilation 2008 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Various artists | |
| Released | July 9, 2008 |
| Genre | Alternative rock, Punk rock, Indie |
| Length | 64:03 |
| Label | Ki/oon/Tsutaya Records
KSCL-1256 |
| Nano-Mugen chronology | |
| *Nano-Mugen Compilation 2006*
(2006) ***Nano-Mugen Compilation 2008***
(2008) *Nano-Mugen Compilation 2009*
(2009) | |


title: Roger Davis (television actor)

abstract: Jon Roger Davis is an American actor and entrepreneur. He is best known for acting in the television series Dark Shadows and Alias Smith and Jones. He has also appeared in an episode of The Twilight Zone.

text:
# Roger Davis (television actor)

**Jon Roger Davis** (born April 5, 1939) is an American actor and entrepreneur. He is best known for acting in the television series *Dark Shadows* and *Alias Smith and Jones*. He has also appeared in an episode of *The Twilight Zone*.

## Education

Davis was born in Louisville, Kentucky, on April 5, 1939, and graduated from Columbia College in 1961, where he was classmates with *Dark Shadows* co-star Don Briscoe and director Brian De Palma.

## Acting career

Davis first appeared on television in 1962. He portrayed Pvt. Roger Gibson in the television series *The Gallant Men*. In 1963, he co-starred with Richard Egan in the series *Redigo*. In 1964, Davis appeared in one episode of *The Twilight Zone*, "Spur of the Moment", co-starring Diana Hyland, and had a supporting role in the 1964 film *Ride the Wild Surf*. He guest-starred twice in the western TV series *Bonanza*, as Harold Stanley in 1966 and Bert Yates in 1971.

From 1968 to 1970, Davis garnered attention playing multiple characters on the daytime Gothic soap opera *Dark Shadows*. He played Peter Bradford, Jeff Clark, Ned Stuart, Dirk Wilkins, and Charles Delaware Tate.

In 1971, Davis narrated the voiceover theme sequence for the western series *Alias Smith and Jones*, starring Pete Duel as Hannibal Heyes/Joshua Smith and Ben Murphy as Jedidiah "Kid" Curry/Thaddeus Jones. He also appeared in one of the episodes ("Smiler with a Gun") as slick gunfighter Danny Bilson. Bilson has the distinction of being the only character kind-hearted Kid Curry was ever driven to kill during the series. Also in 1971, he appeared in season 12, episode 17 of *Bonanza*.

When Pete Duel committed suicide at the end of 1971, Davis replaced him as Hannibal Heyes. However, after Davis completed just 17 episodes, it was clear the show would not achieve the same level of popularity it had with Pete Duel. The series ended in 1973 when competition from the popular *Flip Wilson Show* siphoned the show's ratings.

Davis continued to act in guest-starring roles on TV series throughout the 1970s as well as the occasional film appearance in movies such as *Killer Bees* (1974), *Flash and the Firecat* (1975), *Nashville Girl* (1976), *Ruby* (1977), and *Aspen* (1977), and he has been a voiceover actor for thousands of TV and radio commercials. In 2000, he appeared in the film *Beyond the Pale*. Davis regularly attends fan conventions for both *Alias Smith and Jones* and *Dark Shadows*, and in 2011, he reprised his role of Charles Delaware Tate in both *The Blind Painter* and *The Crimson Pearl*, new audio plays of *Dark Shadows*. In 2019, Davis appeared as himself in the documentary movie *Master of Dark Shadows*, a direct-to-DVD release.

## Business career

Davis developed land and built luxury homes in southern California until 2010, and continues to design and renovate luxury properties in the greater Los Angeles area as of 2022. He owns an interest in movie developer Lonetree Entertainment in Los Angeles. He also renovated the famous Seelbach Hotel in Louisville, Kentucky, and built a luxury condominium building there, known as 1400 Willow. His family owned Davis Tire Company in Louisville.

## Personal life

In 1968, Davis married actress Jaclyn Smith. After a brief separation, they divorced in January 1975. During his second marriage to Ohioan Suzanne Irwin (Emerson), Roger became a father to a daughter Margaret in 1981. The family resided at Spring Station, Louisville, Kentucky's oldest home, built in 1791. After a divorce in 1983, Davis was married to realtor Alice LeGette from 1985 to 1988. In 1991, Davis married Los Angeles attorney Donna Jenis; they divorced in 1996.

## InfoBox

| Roger Davis | |
| --- | --- |
| Davis in 1972 | |
| Born | Jon Roger Davis
(1939-04-05) April 5, 1939
Louisville, Kentucky |
| Alma mater | Columbia College |
| Occupation(s) | Actor, real estate developer |
| Years active | 1962–present |
| Spouse(s) | Jaclyn Smith (1968–1975)
Suzanne Irwin (1979–1983)
Alice LeGette (1985–1988)
Donna Jenis (1991–1996) |
| Children | 1 |


title: Nachusa House

abstract: The Nachusa House is a former hotel building in Dixon, Illinois, United States along Galena Avenue. The building was constructed in 1853 and operated continuously as a hotel until 1988. It underwent many alterations during the time it operated as a hotel. Following its period as a hotel the five-story mansard roofed building fell into disrepair and was nearly demolished in 1997. The building was restored by the Illinois Housing Development Authority and a Chicago developer at a cost of US$3.2 million and renovated into affordable housing for senior citizens. During its height the Nachusa House was a popular stop along rail and stagecoach lines and was a known layover for Abraham Lincoln. The Nachusa House was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

text:
# Nachusa House

The **Nachusa House** is a former hotel building in Dixon, Illinois, United States along Galena Avenue (Illinois Route 26). The building was constructed in 1853 and operated continuously as a hotel until 1988. It underwent many alterations during the time it operated as a hotel. Following its period as a hotel the five-story mansard roofed building fell into disrepair and was nearly demolished in 1997. The building was restored by the Illinois Housing Development Authority and a Chicago developer at a cost of US$3.2 million and renovated into affordable housing for senior citizens. During its height the Nachusa House was a popular stop along rail and stagecoach lines and was a known layover for Abraham Lincoln. The Nachusa House was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

## History

The Nachusa House was first conceived in 1837 by John Dixon, the founder of Dixon, Illinois, and a group of early settlers when they returned from a trip to the then-state capital of Vandalia. While in Vandalia the group had pushed the state legislature for a charter to establish the Dixon Hotel Company. Money was raised and a foundation laid in 1838 but the Panic of 1837 put a halt to the project.

The Nachusa House was finally constructed in 1853 as a four-story limestone building with simple wooden lintel and sill windows. The structure is perched on a hilltop overlooking the Rock River, directly across the street from the Lee County Courthouse. The hotel gets its unique name from John Dixon. "Na-Chu-Sa" was the name area Native Americans gave to Dixon, meaning "head white hair". During its first years, the early 1850s, the hotel was primarily a stopover on the stagecoach routes from Chicago to Galena, and Peoria. When the railroad came to the city of Dixon in 1855 the Nachusa House grew in popularity with stagecoach travelers as well as those traveling via rail. The Nachusa House layout can be divided into three main components, the main building, the south annex and the west annex.

The past commercial success of Nachusa House is reflected through the many changes to its design. The first addition to the hotel was in 1854 when the old west annex was added, this four story, 60 room structure was demolished during the 1950s and rebuilt as it appears today. In 1868 the mansard roof and fifth floor were added to the building; both features were important in solidifying the hotel's image as a first class hotel. Other architectural details were added and removed through the years, including the addition of a thin coat of stucco in the 1880s. In 1914 the building's south annex was added, though it was essentially gutted during the 1950s and very little of the original 1914 structure remains.

When the hotel was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1983 it was one of the oldest continuously operated hotels in the state of Illinois. In 1988 the hotel closed and the building was left vacant and in a rapidly deteriorating state for ten years. In 1996 the Landmarks Preservation Council of Illinois listed the Nachusa House on its top-ten most endangered landmarks list. The hotel seemed destined to be demolished in 1997 when the Illinois Housing Development Authority (IHDA) and a Chicago developer stepped in to save the building, not as a hotel, but as affordable housing for senior citizens.

The $3.2 million restoration project was paid for, in part, through the federal Low Income Housing Tax Credit Program, commonly known as Housing Credits. The program, which dates to 1986, is the primary federal affordable housing resource. The restoration of the building began in 1997, by September there were already names on a waiting list for the 35 apartment units and by 1998 residents were occupying the spaces.

## Architecture

The Nachusa House's main, nearly square, building forms the centerpiece of the present-day structure. The main building is the most historically and architecturally significant portion of Nachusa House. Nachusa House's main construction occurred in 1853 and 1868. The 1853 portion of the building stands upon the limestone foundation, laid in 1838. It was built as a four-story limestone building with 2 foot (.6 m) thick walls and wood framed floor and roof construction; originally the limestone walls were undressed. In 1868 the second period of construction on Nachusa House added the fifth floor, mansard roof, and now removed cupola. These alterations established the image that became iconic of the hotel.

After 1868 the building continued to evolve, stucco was added to the stone walls in the 1880s and seventy years later wrought iron grill work was added to the balconies and porches. Galena Avenue was widened in 1965 forcing the removal of the original front stairs which led to the lobby porch.

## Significance

As early as 1878-1879 commentators noted the Nachusa House as one of Dixon's most substantial and eye-catching buildings. The building possesses significance of a social, commercial and architectural nature and was called a "prized landmark" in the 1983 National Register of Historic Places nomination form and the building was added to the National Register on February 10, 1983. The 1974 Illinois Historic Sites Survey cited the structure as "probably" the oldest in Dixon as well as for its commercial and political, significance, the latter because of its guest list.

Throughout its history, the hotel hosted notable guests including U.S. Presidents Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, William Howard Taft, Theodore Roosevelt and President of the Confederate States of America Jefferson Davis. Lincoln stayed at the Nachusa House numerous times and generally occupied the same room. A Lincoln room was established in his honor within the hotel during its later years, the room was furnished much as it was when Lincoln stayed at the hotel. The balcony outside the room was known to be a place where Lincoln would sit and socialize. The room has since been converted into an apartment.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Nachusa House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 5 S. Galena Ave., Dixon, Illinois |
| Coordinates | 41°50′33″N 89°28′55″W / 41.84250°N 89.48194°W / 41.84250; -89.48194 |
| Area | 1 acre (0.40 ha) |
| Built | 1853, 1868 |
| NRHP reference No. | 83000323 |
| Added to NRHP | February 10, 1983 |


title: Police Negotiating Board

abstract:
The Police Negotiating Board (PNB) was a United Kingdom non-departmental public body established by Act of Parliament in 1980 to negotiate the pay and terms and conditions of employment of the British police. It was funded by the Home Office, and the Office of Manpower Economics provided the Board with an independent Secretariat. It was replaced by the Police Remuneration Review Body (PRRB) on 1 October 2014 in England and Wales but remained active in Scotland.
The PNB has an independent chairman and deputy chairman appointed by the Prime Minister, whose roles were to supply an independent voice in all negotiations. Chairmen of the PNB included:
  - Sir Harold Atcherley When agreement between the Staff Side and the Official Side cannot be reached after negotiation, nor subsequently resolved through conciliation, the relevant issues are referred to the Police Arbitration Tribunal (PAT). Awards by the PAT have the status of a recommendation by the PNB as if it were an agreement by both sides, so they are effectively binding on both the Staff and the Official sides of PNB due to paragraph 39 of the PNB Constitution, as noted by Lord Justice Keene in the judicial review of the Home Secretary's decision. However, such decisions are not binding on the Home Secretary, demonstrated by her decision on the 2007 police pay award, which was set aside for officers in England and Wales, who received 1.9% instead, although the award was implemented in full in Scotland. She stated that this necessary to maintain has not responded to comparisons of her decision to that of the Minister for Education, Ed Balls, who implemented a 2.5% pay award in full for all teachers. There is cross-party concern that the Government's handling of the 2007 police pay award is seriously undermining the Police Negotiating Board machinery, and a national ballot of police officers by the Police Federation resulted in 86% of officers calling for the Police Federation of England and Wales to start to lobby for a change in legislation to allow police officers full industrial rights. Over 200 Members of Parliament have signed an Early Day Motion calling on the Government to reconsider its decision. The Motion was tabled by Home Affairs Select Committee Chairman Keith Vaz - a Labour MP — who has stated that: The Government’s decision weakens the arbitration panel’s power and role. Without trust and respect for the decision on both sides, arbitration becomes meaningless. The Government’s case is weakening by the day... The Home Secretary and the Prime Minister have continuously defended the Government’s decision by arguing that pay awards must be kept in line with the Government’s targets on inflation — not on police funding, which would have been understandable — yet we heard from the chief constable of Nottinghamshire police that the 2.5 per cent. was in his budget and that he was ready to pay it... the potential effect on inflation seems minimal, especially as the Government have decided to pay PCSOs — who work with officers — and police desk staff the full 2.5 per cent.

text:
# Police Negotiating Board

The **Police Negotiating Board** (PNB) was a United Kingdom non-departmental public body established by Act of Parliament in 1980 to negotiate the pay and terms and conditions of employment of the British police. It was funded by the Home Office, and the Office of Manpower Economics provided the Board with an independent Secretariat. It was replaced by the Police Remuneration Review Body (PRRB) on 1 October 2014 in England and Wales but remained active in Scotland. The PNB has an independent chairman and deputy chairman appointed by the Prime Minister, whose roles were to supply an independent voice in all negotiations.

Chairmen of the PNB included:

When agreement between the Staff Side and the Official Side cannot be reached after negotiation, nor subsequently resolved through conciliation, the relevant issues are referred to the **Police Arbitration Tribunal** (PAT). Awards by the PAT have the status of a recommendation by the PNB as if it were an agreement by both sides, so they are effectively binding on both the Staff and the Official sides of PNB due to paragraph 39 of the PNB Constitution, as noted by Lord Justice Keene in the judicial review of the Home Secretary's decision. However, such decisions are not binding on the Home Secretary, demonstrated by her decision on the 2007 police pay award, which was set aside for officers in England and Wales, who received 1.9% instead, although the award was implemented in full in Scotland. She stated that this necessary to maintain has not responded to comparisons of her decision to that of the Minister for Education, Ed Balls, who implemented a 2.5% pay award in full for all teachers.

There is cross-party concern that the Government's handling of the 2007 police pay award is seriously undermining the Police Negotiating Board machinery, and a national ballot of police officers by the Police Federation resulted in 86% of officers calling for the Police Federation of England and Wales to start to lobby for a change in legislation to allow police officers full industrial rights. Over 200 Members of Parliament have signed an Early Day Motion calling on the Government to reconsider its decision. The Motion was tabled by Home Affairs Select Committee Chairman Keith Vaz \- a Labour MP — who has stated that:

> The Government’s decision weakens the arbitration panel’s power and role. Without trust and respect for the decision on both sides, arbitration becomes meaningless. The Government’s case is weakening by the day... The Home Secretary and the Prime Minister have continuously defended the Government’s decision by arguing that pay awards must be kept in line with the Government’s targets on inflation — not on police funding, which would have been understandable — yet we heard from the chief constable of Nottinghamshire police that the 2.5 per cent. was in his budget and that he was ready to pay it... the potential effect on inflation seems minimal, especially as the Government have decided to pay PCSOs — who work with officers — and police desk staff the full 2.5 per cent.
>
> Keith Vaz MP,


title: Josh Prudden

abstract: Josh Prudden is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Western Bulldogs in the Australian Football League (AFL). He had an injury-ridden career and only played four AFL games across five seasons. Before his AFL career, Prudden played as a midfielder for Assumption College under coach Scott Wynd, a former player for Western Bulldogs, who helped him to be drafted by the Bulldogs. Injuries kept him from playing consistently in the Bulldogs' reserves teams early in his career, but in 2015 he was eventually rewarded for good form in the Victorian Football League with his AFL debut. He was cut short in early 2016 when he suffered a major knee injury and he never returned to the AFL side, being demoted to the Bulldogs' rookie list at the end of 2016 and delisted altogether at the end of 2017. Prudden is now the captain of the Bulldogs' VFL/Reserves team.

text:
# Josh Prudden

**Josh Prudden** (born 6 September 1994) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Western Bulldogs in the Australian Football League (AFL). He had an injury-ridden career and only played four AFL games across five seasons.

Before his AFL career, Prudden played as a midfielder for Assumption College under coach Scott Wynd, a former player for Western Bulldogs, who helped him to be drafted by the Bulldogs. Injuries kept him from playing consistently in the Bulldogs' reserves teams early in his career, but in 2015 he was eventually rewarded for good form in the Victorian Football League with his AFL debut. He was cut short in early 2016 when he suffered a major knee injury and he never returned to the AFL side, being demoted to the Bulldogs' rookie list at the end of 2016 and delisted altogether at the end of 2017. Prudden is now the captain of the Bulldogs' VFL/Reserves team.

## Early life

Prudden started his football career playing for Assumption College as their captain under coach Scott Wynd, who had previously played AFL for Western Bulldogs. Wynd help draw the attention of Bulldogs recruiters to Prudden and moved him from his normal position in the midfield to Assumption College's forward line to display his strong marking ability. During 2012 he also played for TAC Cup side Murray Bushrangers and for country club Seymour in the Goulburn Valley Football League, where he played in a grand final in front of Bulldogs recruiters. This helped him to get drafted unexpectedly by the Bulldogs with pick 50 in the 2012 national draft.

## AFL career

### Early injury troubles (2013–2014)

Prudden started his career playing for the Bulldogs' VFL affiliate Williamstown, but ankle injuries meant he was unavailable to play for all but 9 matches. Due to the deteriorating relationship between the Western Bulldogs and Williamstown, an agreement was made that no more than twelve Bulldogs players could play in the VFL side in any given week, so Prudden was forced to play seven of his nine matches for Williamstown's own reserves team in the VFL reserves. He played his best game in the VFL against Collingwood's reserves team where he accumulated 23 possessions. His good form saw him sign a contract extension, keeping him at the Western Bulldogs at least until the end of the 2015 season.

In 2014 the Western Bulldogs introduced their own reserves team into the VFL, Footscray, and Prudden played for them in their first match. He was injured in the match and wasn't able to return to the side until round 11. A knee injury sidelined him again at the end of the season, meaning he could only play six VFL matches, but he recovered from this injury in time to commence training at the beginning of the 2015 pre-season.

### Debut and delisting (2015–2017)

In 2015 the Western Bulldogs got a new senior coach, Luke Beveridge. Beveridge wanted to put an emphasis on rewarding good form in the VFL, so when Prudden played consistently in the first half of the season he was given his AFL debut against Gold Coast in round 15 as a half-back. After playing four AFL games, he injured his hamstring and wasn't able to return to the team. He impressed enough in his four AFL games that he was given a one-year contract extension.

In 2016 Prudden injured his anterior cruciate ligament in a VFL match against Richmond. This injury ruled him out of playing any football for the rest of the season, but the Western Bulldogs committed to moving him to their rookie list for the 2017 season. Prudden was delisted from the Bulldogs' senior list at the end of 2016 and he was subsequently re-drafted with selection 35 in the 2017 rookie draft. He made his return from injury in a VFL practice match against Essendon concurrently to round 1 of the 2017 AFL season. In May he faced injury once again, this time in his hamstring, and at the end of the season he was delisted.

## Player profile

Before his AFL career, Prudden showed great potential as an inside midfielder thanks to his strength over the ball, but also had versatility, able to take a strong mark and play as a forward. At the Western Bulldogs, he was known for his impressive attack on the ball and selfless team play, being described as "the very definition of a great teammate" by list manager Jason McCartney. His versatility came in handy when he had to make his AFL debut playing across half-back as opposed to the midfield role he was more used to.

## Statistics

*Statistics are correct to the end of the 2017 season*

**Legend**
| G | Goals | K | Kicks | D | Disposals | T | Tackles |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| B | Behinds | H | Handballs | M | Marks |

| Season | Team | No. | Games | Totals | | | | | | | Averages (per game) | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | G | B | K | H | D | M | T | G | B | K | H | D | M | T |
| 2015 | Western Bulldogs | 28 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 24 | 50 | 16 | 8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6.5 | 6.0 | 12.5 | 4.0 | 2.0 |
| Career | | | 4 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 24 | 50 | 16 | 8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6.5 | 6.0 | 12.5 | 4.0 | 2.0 |

## InfoBox

| Josh Prudden | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Date of birth | (1994-09-06) 6 September 1994 | | |
| Original team(s) | Assumption College | | |
| Draft | No. 50, 2012 national draft
No. 35, 2017 rookie draft | | |
| Height | 182 cm (6 ft 0 in) | | |
| Weight | 80 kg (176 lb) | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 2013–2017 | Western Bulldogs | 4 (0) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 2017. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Phewa Hydropower Station

abstract: Phewa Hydropower Station, or Fewa Hydropower Station, is the first hydropower plant in the city of Pokhara, commissioned in 1969 AD. Water from Phewa Lake is directed to this powerplant to produce 1 Megawatt of electricity from 4 generators.

text:
# Phewa Hydropower Station

**Phewa Hydropower Station**, or **Fewa Hydropower Station**, is the first hydropower plant in the city of Pokhara, commissioned in 1969 AD. Water from Phewa Lake is directed to this powerplant to produce 1 Megawatt of electricity from 4 generators.

1. Shrestha, S. H. (2004). *Economic Geography of Nepal*. Educational Publishing House.
2. "Nepal Electricity Authority, Generation Operation and Maintenance". 2020-06-16. Archived from the original on 2020-06-16. Retrieved 2020-07-02.

## InfoBox

| Fewa Hydroelectric Project | |
| --- | --- |
| Fewa dam on Fewa Lake | |
| Nepal | |
| Country | Nepal |
| Location | Phewa Lake, Pokhara Valley |
| Coordinates | 28°11′44″N 83°58′04″E / 28.1955°N 83.9677°E / 28.1955; 83.9677 |
| Purpose | Hydroelectricity |
| Status | Operational |
| Opening date | 1969 |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Type of dam | Run-of-river |
| Coordinates | 28°11′45″N 83°58′04″E / 28.19577356480367°N 83.96791322293042°E / 28.19577356480367; 83.96791322293042 |
| Installed capacity | 1 MW |


title: Nils Nilsson (art director)

abstract: Nils Nilsson (1919–1981) was a Swedish art director. He worked on the design of film sets on over sixty productions, many of them shot at the Centrumateljéerna Studios of Sandrews in Stockholm.

text:
# Nils Nilsson (art director)

**Nils Nilsson** (1919–1981) was a Swedish art director. He worked on the design of film sets on over sixty productions, many of them shot at the Centrumateljéerna Studios of Sandrews in Stockholm.

## Selected filmography

## Bibliography

* Frank, Alan G. *The Science Fiction and Fantasy Film Handbook*. Barnes & Noble Books, 1982.

## InfoBox

| Nils Nilsson | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1 February 1919
Gnarp, Sweden |
| Died | 31 March 1981 (aged 62)
Stockholm, Sweden |
| Occupation | Art director |
| Years active | 1943–1960 (film) |


title: Hemipilia gonggashanica

abstract: Hemipilia gonggashanica is a species of flowering plant in the family Orchidaceae, native to south-central China.

text:
# Hemipilia gonggashanica

***Hemipilia gonggashanica*** is a species of flowering plant in the family Orchidaceae, native to south-central China (south-western Sichuan).

## Taxonomy

The species was first described in 1984 by Kai Yung Lang, as *Amitostigma gonggashanicum*. A molecular phylogenetic study in 2014 found that species of *Amitostigma*, *Neottianthe* and *Ponerorchis* were mixed together in a single clade, making none of the three genera monophyletic as then circumscribed. *Amitostigma* and *Neottianthe* were subsumed into *Ponerorchis*, with this species then becoming *Ponerorchis gonggashanica*. The genus *Ponerorchis* has since been synonymized with the genus *Hemipilia*, resulting in the present name.

## InfoBox

| *Hemipilia gonggashanica* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Orchidoideae |
| Genus: | *Hemipilia* |
| Species: | ***H. gonggashanica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hemipilia gonggashanica***<br>(K.Y.Lang) Y.Tang & H.Peng | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Amitostigma gonggashanicum* K.Y.Lang * *Ponerorchis gonggashanica* (K.Y.Lang) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin | |


title: Yonako Falls

abstract: Yonako Falls, literally "Yonako Large Waterfalls" ) is a waterfall located in Yonako, Suzaka City, Nagano Prefecture, in the central part of Japan. The falls originate from Mount Azumaya and Mount Neko.

text:
# Yonako Falls

**Yonako Falls** (米子大瀑布, *Yonako Dai-Bakufu*), literally "Yonako Large Waterfalls" ) is a waterfall located in Yonako, Suzaka City, Nagano Prefecture, in the central part of Japan. The falls originate from Mount Azumaya and Mount Neko.

## The Falls

The Yonako Falls, located in Suzaka, Nagano, Japan is a collective name of two waterfalls: the **Fudo Falls** (不動滝, *Fudo no taki*) and the **Gongen Falls** (権現滝, *Gongen no taki*). Both falls combine to make the Yonako River, which is one of the tributaries of the Chikuma River, the upper stream of Japan's longest river, the Shinano River, which flows into the Sea of Japan at Niigata City.

Yonako Falls is one of "Japan’s Top 100 Waterfalls", in a listing published by the Japanese Ministry of the Environment in 1990.

The view of the falls, 900 meters away from the slag ground of the former Yonako Sulfur Mines (Japanese: 米子硫黄鉱山), which has been converted to a park, is said to be excellent, especially during the autumn leaves season.

## Access

From Suzaka-Nagano East exit of the Jōshin-etsu Expressway, via National Routes 403 and 406, to the falls' toll-free parking lot is about 40 minutes.

1. The Yonako Falls is so called locally, but is elsewhere often referred to as the "Yonago Falls" because the two "Yonako" Kanji characters (米子) are pronounced as "Yonago" for Yonago, Tottori, a better known locality in Japan. Reference: The Large Waterfalls of Yonako, Suzaka City (in Japanese)

Media related to Yonako Falls at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Yonako Falls | |
| --- | --- |
| Yonako Falls: Gongen Falls (left, 75 meters) and Fudo Falls (85 meters) | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Suzaka,<br>Nagano Prefecture, Japan |
| Coordinates | 36°34′00″N 138°24′21″E / 36.5667°N 138.4058°E / 36.5667; 138.4058 |
| Total height | 85 m |
| Average width | 6 m |
| Watercourse | Chikuma River |


abstract: The Western Pacific Railroad Museum (WPRM) holds in its collection a total of twenty-nine diesel locomotives, one electric locomotive, one steam locomotive, fifteen passenger cars, numerous freight and maintenance cars and eighteen cabooses. They offer excursions and a "Run A Locomotive" program during the summer. The WPRM has one of the larger collections of early diesel era locomotives and freight cars in North America. The museum is often considered to have one of the most complete and historic collections of equipment and materials from a single railroad family. The holdings also include extensive corporate records and images, as well as personal collections from those who worked for the Western Pacific Railroad (WP).

text:
# Rolling stock of the Western Pacific Railroad Museum

The **Western Pacific Railroad Museum** (WPRM) holds in its collection a total of twenty-nine diesel locomotives, one electric locomotive, one steam locomotive, fifteen passenger cars, numerous freight and maintenance cars and eighteen cabooses. They offer excursions and a "Run A Locomotive" program during the summer. The WPRM has one of the larger collections of early diesel era locomotives and freight cars in North America. The museum is often considered to have one of the most complete and historic collections of equipment and materials from a single railroad family. The holdings also include extensive corporate records and images, as well as personal collections from those who worked for the Western Pacific Railroad (WP).

## Currently owned

This section is a list of equipment owned by the WPRM.

### Locomotives

| Locomotive | Model | Build date | Builder | Status | Notes | Refs. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Western Pacific 165 | S-34 | November 1919 | ALCO-Schenectady | Operational as of April 2022 |  |  |
| Western Pacific 501 | EMD SW1 | August 1939 | Electro-Motive Division | Out of service for maintenance |  |  |
| Western Pacific 805-A | EMD FP7 | January 1950 | Electro-Motive Division | Out of service |  |  |
| Feather River and Western 1857 | FM H-12-44 | January 1953 | Fairbanks-Morse | Out of service |  |  |
| Southern Pacific 2873 | EMD GP9 | December 1956 | Electro-Motive Division | Out of service, Oil system repairs complete, water pump removed for rebuild. |  |  |
| Union Pacific 6946 | EMD DDA40X | September 1971 | Electro-Motive Division | On static display |  |  |

### Passenger cars

| Car number | Build date | Builder | Type | Status | Notes | References |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 106 "Pioneer" | 1917 | Pullman Company | Business-Observation Car | Operational |  |  |

### Maintenance-of-Way equipment

## Formerly owned, surplus

### Locomotives

| Locomotive | Model | Build date | Manufacturer | Declaration date as "Surplus" | Status | Notes | Refs. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Southern Pacific 4404 | SD9E | April 1955 | Electro-Motive Division | February 6, 2013 | Sold to Western Rail Inc. in 2014. |  |  |
| Southern Pacific 4450 | SD9E | April 1954 | Electro-Motive Division | February 6, 2013 | Scrapped on August 20, 2013 |  |  |
| Milwaukee Road 5057 | U25B | August 1965 | General Electric | February 6, 2013 | Stored at the Pend Oreille Valley Railroad |  |  |

1. Finnegan, Paul (2022-07-12). "Latest WPRM equipment list" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-10-15.
2. ""FRRS/WPRM Updated Equipment Roster September 2020" (PDF). Retrieved 2021-09-10.
3. "WPRM Locomotives". *wplives.org*. Retrieved 2024-08-18.
4. "Western Pacific Railroad Museum Steam Department". Retrieved 2010-06-22.
5. "WPRM - WP 501". *wplives.org*. Retrieved 2024-08-18.
6. "WPRM - WP 805A". *www.wplives.org*. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
7. "WPRM - USARMY/FR&W 1857". *wplives.org*. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
8. "WPRM - SP 2873". *wplives.org*. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
9. "WPRM - UP 6946". *www.wplives.org*. Retrieved 2024-09-11.
10. "WPRM - WP 1 06". *WPLives.org*. Retrieved 2024-09-05.
11. Vicknair, Eugene (2013-06-02). "FRRS BoD Mtg Report 02-09-13 Surplus Property Locomotives" (PDF). *Feather River Rail Society*. Retrieved 2023-07-11.
12. Vicknair, Eugene (2006). "Issue 135 (May/June/July 2006): Golden Gate Railroad Museum Hospital Train" (PDF). Feather River Rail Society. pp. 8, 10. Retrieved 2023-07-11.


title: Nacton Meadows

abstract: Nacton Meadows is a 4.5-hectare (11-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north-west of Levington in Suffolk. It is in the Suffolk Coast and Heaths Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty This site has fen meadow and grasslands. Wetter areas have more diverse flora, including Yorkshire-fog, crested dog's tail, sharp-flowered rush, greater bird's-foot-trefoil and the uncommon marsh arrowgrass. A public footpath from Levington goes through the site.

text:
# Nacton Meadows

**Nacton Meadows** is a 4.5-hectare (11-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north-west of Levington in Suffolk. It is in the Suffolk Coast and Heaths Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty

This site has fen meadow and grasslands. Wetter areas have more diverse flora, including Yorkshire-fog, crested dog's tail, sharp-flowered rush, greater bird's-foot-trefoil and the uncommon marsh arrowgrass.

A public footpath from Levington goes through the site.

52°00′47″N 1°15′00″E / 52.013°N 1.25°E / 52.013; 1.25

## InfoBox

Nacton Meadows
| Site of Special Scientific Interest | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Suffolk |
| Grid reference | TM 231 399 |
| Interest | Biological |
| Area | 4.5 hectares |
| Notification | 1992 |
| Location map | *Magic Map* |


title: Josef Strobl

abstract: Josef "Pepi" Strobl is a former alpine skier from Austria.

text:
# Josef Strobl

**Josef "Pepi" Strobl** (born 3 March 1974 in Holzgau) is a former alpine skier from Austria.

## Career

During his career, he won three World Cup downhills (he gained much attention after winning his first ever World Cup downhill with start number 61), one giant slalom, two Super Gs and one parallel slalom. In the 1996/7 season he was the best placed Austrian in the overall World Cup.

From the 2004/5 season, until the end of his career in 2006, he competed for Slovenia, as he faced problems with qualifying within the extremely strong Austrian skiing team.

## World Cup victories

| Datum | Ort | Land | Disziplin |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16 December 1994 | Val-d'Isère | France | Downhill |
| 25 November 1996 | Park City | United States | Giant Slalom |
| 2 March 1997 | Kvitfjell | Norway | Super-G |
| 24 October 1997 | Tignes | France | Parallel Slalom |
| 13 March 1998 | Crans-Montana | Switzerland | Downhill |
| 15 January 2000 | Wengen | Switzerland | Downhill |
| 12 February 2000 | St. Anton | Austria | Super-G |


title: Frontage

abstract: Frontage is the boundary between a plot of land or a building and the road onto which the plot or building fronts. Frontage may also refer to the full length of this boundary. This length is considered especially important for certain types of commercial and retail real estate, in applying zoning bylaws and property tax. In the case of contiguous buildings individual frontages are usually measured to the middle of any party wall. In some parts of the United States, particularly New England and Montana, a frontage road is one which runs parallel to a major road or highway, and is intended primarily for local access to and egress from those properties which line it. A "river frontage" or "ocean frontage" is the length of a plot of land that faces directly onto a river or ocean respectively. Consequently, the amount of such frontage may affect the value of the plot.

text:
# Frontage

**Frontage** is the boundary between a plot of land or a building and the road onto which the plot or building fronts. Frontage may also refer to the full length of this boundary. This length is considered especially important for certain types of commercial and retail real estate, in applying zoning bylaws and property tax. In the case of contiguous buildings individual frontages are usually measured to the middle of any party wall.

In some parts of the United States, particularly New England and Montana, a frontage road is one which runs parallel to a major road or highway, and is intended primarily for local access to and egress from those properties which line it.

A "river frontage" or "ocean frontage" is the length of a plot of land that faces directly onto a river or ocean respectively. Consequently, the amount of such frontage may affect the value of the plot.

"What is Frontage?". *Edmonton's Real Estate Guide*.


title: Meyer Abraham Girshick

abstract: Meyer Abraham Girshick was a Russian-American statistician. Girshick emigrated to the United States from Russia in 1922. He received his undergraduate degree from Columbia University in 1932 and studied in the graduate school at Columbia under Harold Hotelling from 1934 to 1937. From 1937 to 1946 he worked at various bureaus in the United States Department of Agriculture; he worked in the Statistical Research Group at Columbia University briefly during World War II and also worked briefly in the United States Census Bureau. Girshick joined the RAND Corporation in the summer of 1947. He became a professor of statistics at Stanford University in 1948, where he remained until his death. Girshick is known for his contributions to sequential analysis and decision theory. He was president of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics in 1952. Girshick had previously been elected a fellow of the IMS in 1943 and a fellow of the American Statistical Association in 1946.

text:
# Meyer Abraham Girshick

**Meyer Abraham Girshick** (born in the Russian Empire, July 25, 1908; died in Palo Alto, California, USA, March 2, 1955) was a Russian-American statistician.

Girshick emigrated to the United States from Russia in 1922. He received his undergraduate degree from Columbia University in 1932 and studied in the graduate school at Columbia under Harold Hotelling from 1934 to 1937. From 1937 to 1946 he worked at various bureaus in the United States Department of Agriculture; he worked in the Statistical Research Group at Columbia University briefly during World War II and also worked briefly in the United States Census Bureau. Girshick joined the RAND Corporation in the summer of 1947. He became a professor of statistics at Stanford University in 1948, where he remained until his death.

Girshick is known for his contributions to sequential analysis and decision theory. He was president of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics in 1952. Girshick had previously been elected a fellow of the IMS in 1943 and a fellow of the American Statistical Association in 1946.

## Selected works

* Contributions to the Theory of Sequential Analysis. I, M. A. Girshick, *The Annals of Mathematical Statistics* **17**, #2 (June 1946), pp. 123–143, doi:10.1214/aoms/1177730976, JSTOR 2236034.
* Contributions to the Theory of Sequential Analysis, II, III, M. A. Girshick, *The Annals of Mathematical Statistics* **17**, #3 (September 1946), pp. 282–298, doi:10.1214/aoms/1177730941, JSTOR 2236126.
* *Theory of Games and Statistical Decisions*, David Blackwell and M. A. Girshick, New York, London, Sydney: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1954.

## InfoBox

| Meyer Abraham Girshick | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1908-07-25)July 25, 1908
Russian Empire |
| Died | March 2, 1955(1955-03-02) (aged 46)
Palo Alto, California, U.S. |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater | Columbia University |
| Doctoral advisor | Abraham Wald |
| Other advisors | Harold Hotelling |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Statistics |
| Sub-discipline | Sequential analysis
Decision theory |
| Institutions | Stanford University |
| Doctoral students | Lincoln Moses |
|  | |


title: Hemipilia crassicalcarata

abstract: Hemipilia crassicalcarata is a species of plant in the family Orchidaceae. It is endemic to China.

text:
# Hemipilia crassicalcarata

***Hemipilia crassicalcarata*** is a species of plant in the family Orchidaceae. It is endemic to China.

## InfoBox

| *Hemipilia crassicalcarata* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Orchidoideae |
| Genus: | *Hemipilia* |
| Species: | ***H. crassicalcarata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hemipilia crassicalcarata***
S.S.Chien | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Hemipilia silvestrii* Pamp. | |


title: Roland Hamilton

abstract: Roland Hamilton was a Labour Party politician in the United Kingdom. In the Labour landslide at the 1945 general election, he was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Sudbury in Suffolk, which had been held by the Conservative Henry Burton since the 1924 election. The Sudbury constituency was abolished for the 1950 general election, when Hamilton stood in the new Sudbury and Woodbridge constituency. He lost by over 4,500 votes to the Conservative John Hare, who had previously been MP for the also-abolished Woodbridge constituency.

text:
# Roland Hamilton

**Roland Hamilton** (23 November 1886 – 10 February 1953) was a Labour Party politician in the United Kingdom.

In the Labour landslide at the 1945 general election, he was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Sudbury in Suffolk, which had been held by the Conservative Henry Burton since the 1924 election.

The Sudbury constituency was abolished for the 1950 general election, when Hamilton stood in the new Sudbury and Woodbridge constituency. He lost by over 4,500 votes to the Conservative John Hare, who had previously been MP for the also-abolished Woodbridge constituency.

* UK General Election results February 1950
* Craig, F. W. S. (1983) \[1969\]. *British parliamentary election results 1918-1949* (3rd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. ISBN 0-900178-06-X.
* Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs


title: Nannodastiidae

abstract: Nannodastiidae are a small family of acalyptrate flies placed in two genera. They were formerly included within the Ephydridae or shore flies. These are small to minute flies which are dull coloured with clear wings. They are identified by a combination of setal characters visible only under a microscope and genital features which require specimen dissection. They are found along coasts and in bat caves rich in guano.

text:
# Nannodastiidae

**Nannodastiidae** are a small family of acalyptrate flies placed in two genera. They were formerly included within the Ephydridae or shore flies. These are small to minute flies which are dull coloured with clear wings. They are identified by a combination of setal characters visible only under a microscope and genital features which require specimen dissection. They are found along coasts and in bat caves rich in guano.

## InfoBox

| Nannodastiidae | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Superfamily: | Sphaeroceroidea |
| Family: | Nannodastiidae<br>Papp, 1980 |
|
| Genera | |
|  | |


title: Pompeia Helena

abstract: Pompeia Helena was a goldsmith, who worked in Rome during the time of the Roman Empire, around the first century CE.

text:
# Pompeia Helena

**Pompeia Helena** was a goldsmith, who worked in Rome during the time of the Roman Empire, around the first century CE.

## Death

Pompeia Helena is only known from her grave inscription in Rome, where she is identified as an *aurifix* (goldsmith). The inscription appears as part of the monument to Marcella, daughter of Octavia, which is found in the second section of the columbaria of Vigna Codini. She is believed to have been a freedwoman, from the Pompeia family.

The inscription reads:

Pompeia Cn (aei) l (iberta) Helena aur (i) ficis Caesaris

Other artisans are found as part of the same monument, including: a margaritarius (pearl diver; pearl dealer), two vestiarii (clothes sellers), two unguentarii and a thurarius (frankincense dealer). The mosaic floor includes an inscription that indicates a *terminus ante quem* of 10 CE.

## Historiography

Pompeia Helen is not the only woman known to have worked as a goldsmith in Ancient Rome, others included: Serapa, Sellia Epyre, Vincentia. However, doubt has been placed on her role by John K Evans, who questioned whether aurifix means goldsmith in this context, or whether it might mean "custodian of gold ware".


title: Phillimore Report

abstract: The Phillimore Report was produced by the Phillimore Committee that enquired into proposals for a League of Nations. It was chaired by Lord Phillimore and included Albert Pollard, John Holland Rose, Julian Corbett, Eyre Crowe, William Tyrrell, and Cecil Hurst. The committee was established in January 1918 after being suggested to Arthur Balfour by Lord Robert Cecil. It submitted its report on 20 March 1918 and the Cabinet discussed it on 24 December, in which the idea of a League was endorsed.

text:
# Phillimore Report

The **Phillimore Report** was produced by the **Phillimore Committee** that enquired into proposals for a League of Nations. It was chaired by Lord Phillimore and included Albert Pollard, John Holland Rose, Julian Corbett, Eyre Crowe, William Tyrrell, and Cecil Hurst.

The committee was established in January 1918 after being suggested to Arthur Balfour by Lord Robert Cecil.

It submitted its report on 20 March 1918 and the Cabinet discussed it on 24 December, in which the idea of a League was endorsed.


title: Mezcalapa

abstract: Mezcalapa is a municipality in the Mexican state of Chiapas, located approximately 71 kilometres (44 mi) northwest of the state capital of Tuxtla Gutiérrez. Its municipal seat is Raudales Malpaso.

text:
# Mezcalapa

**Mezcalapa** is a municipality in the Mexican state of Chiapas, located approximately 71 kilometres (44 mi) northwest of the state capital of Tuxtla Gutiérrez. Its municipal seat is Raudales Malpaso.

## Geography

The municipality of Mezcalapa is located in northwestern Chiapas on its border with the states of Veracruz and Tabasco. It borders the Chiapan municipalities of Ostuacán to the northeast, Tecpatán to the east, Ocozocoautla de Espinosa to the south, and Cintalapa to the southwest, as well as the Veracruzan municipality of Las Choapas to the northwest and the Tabascan municipality of Huimanguillo to the north. The municipality covers an area of 847.31 square kilometres (327.15 sq mi).

The rugged terrain of Mezcalapa has been extensively deforested and converted to pastureland. Much of the southern part of the municipality is covered by the Malpaso or Nezahualcóyotl Reservoir, the third largest in Mexico by total capacity, created by the Malpaso Dam on the Grijalva River at Raudales Malpaso.

Mezcalapa has a tropical climate. Average temperatures in the municipality range between 20 and 28 °C (68–82 °F), and average annual precipitation ranges between 1,500 and 3,500 millimetres (59–138 in).

## History

Prior to the construction of the Malpaso Dam in the early 1960s, the Zoque people were the main inhabitants of the area that is now Mezcalapa, which was then part of the municipality of Tecpatán. The construction of the dam brought in thousands of workers from other parts of Mexico, while flooding Zoque villages in the reservoir area such as Quechula. The workers and many of the displaced Zoque lived near the dam construction site, which grew to become the settlement of Raudales Malpaso. Demands to create a new municipality in the area had been made as early as 1963 and were finally satisfied on 23 November 2011, when the decree establishing Mezcalapa as a new municipality was gazetted. The new municipality combined the western half of Tecpatán with six communities in Ocozocoautla de Espinosa on the south shore of the Malpaso Reservoir.

## Administration

The following people have served as municipal president of Mezcalapa:

* Fernando Ugarte González, 2012–2015
* María del Carmen Guzmán Esteban, 2015–2018
* Juan Alberto Sánchez Hernández, 2018–2021

## Demographics

In the 2010 Mexican Census, the localities that now comprise the municipality of Mezcalapa recorded a total population of 20,950 inhabitants.

There are 206 localities in the municipality, of which only the municipal seat Raudales Malpaso is designated as urban. It recorded a population of 6817 inhabitants in the 2010 Census.

## Economy and infrastructure

Cattle ranching and dairy production are important economic activities in Mezcalapa. Since the impoundment of the Malpaso Reservoir, fish farming has also become an important activity.

The Nezahualcóyotl hydroelectric plant at Raudales Malpaso provides nearly half of the hydroelectric capacity in the entire Grijalva basin.

The tolled Federal Highway 145D runs north–south through the eastern part of the municipality, crossing the Malpaso Reservoir on the Chiapas Bridge and linking Chiapas with southern Veracruz. Federal Highway 187 begins at Raudales Malpaso and intersects with Federal Highway 145D before continuing north into Tabasco. Another paved highway connects Raudales Malpaso with Tecpatán to the east.

## InfoBox

| Mezcalapa | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| View of Chiapas Bridge in Mezcalapa from the south shore of the Malpaso Reservoir. | |
| MezcalapaLocation of MezcalapaMezcalapaMezcalapa (Mexico) | |
| Coordinates: 17°11′21″N 93°36′17″W / 17.18917°N 93.60472°W / 17.18917; -93.60472 | |
| Country | Mexico |
| State | Chiapas |
| Gazetted | 23 November 2011 |
| Seat | Raudales Malpaso |
| Government | |
| President | Juan Alberto Sánchez Hernández |
| Area | |
| Total | 847.31 km2 (327.15 sq mi) |
| Elevation (of seat) | 138 m (453 ft) |
| Population (2010 Census) | |
| Total | 20,950 |
| Density | 25/km2 (64/sq mi) |
| Seat | 6,817 |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (Central) |
| Postal codes | 29600–29609 |
| Area code | 968 |
| Website | Official website |


title: No Memories Hangin' Round

abstract: "No Memories Hangin' Round" is a song written by Rodney Crowell, and recorded as a duet by American country music artists Rosanne Cash and Bobby Bare. It was released in September 1979 as the first single from the album Right or Wrong. The song reached number 17 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

text:
# No Memories Hangin' Round

"**No Memories Hangin' Round**" is a song written by Rodney Crowell, and recorded as a duet by American country music artists Rosanne Cash and Bobby Bare. It was released in September 1979 as the first single from the album *Right or Wrong*. The song reached number 17 on the *Billboard* Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1979) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Hot Country Songs (*Billboard*) | 17 |
| Canadian *RPM* Country Tracks | 38 |

## InfoBox

| "No Memories Hangin' Round" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Rosanne Cash with Bobby Bare | |
| from the album  *Right or Wrong* | |
| B-side | "This Has Happened Before" |
| Released | September 8, 1979 |
| Genre | Country |
| Length | 3:26 |
| Label | Columbia |
| Songwriter(s) | Rodney Crowell |
| Producer(s) | Rodney Crowell |
| Rosanne Cash singles chronology | |
| "Thoughts from a Train"
(1978) "**No Memories Hangin' Round**"
(1979) "Couldn't Do Nothin' Right"
(1980) | |
|  | |
| Bobby Bare singles chronology | |
| "Healin'"
(1979) "**No Memories Hangin' Round**"
(1979) "Numbers"
(1980) | |
|  | |


title: Roshanak Wardak

abstract: Roshanak Wardak is an Afghan gynaecologist and former politician from Maidan Wardak Province. In 2021, she was named as one of the BBC's 100 Women, alongside fifty other Afghan women.

text:
# Roshanak Wardak

**Roshanak Wardak** (Pashto: روشنک وردگ; Dari: روشنک وردگ; born 1962) is an Afghan gynaecologist and former politician from Maidan Wardak Province. In 2021, she was named as one of the BBC's 100 Women, alongside fifty other Afghan women.

## Medical career

During the Afghan Civil War in the early 1990s, during which her father was killed, Wardak was a refugee in Pakistan, where she offered medical support to fellow refugees. Wardak later returned to Afghanistan and started practicing gynaecology in 1996 after hearing that over 40 women had died in childbirth in her native Maidan Wardak Province. She opened her first clinic that year, shortly before the start of the Taliban regime. During this period, Wardak was the only female doctor practicing in Maidan Wardak Province; she further challenged norms by refusing to wear the burqa, while still adhering to Islamic dress codes. Wardak resumed her full-time work as a doctor after her political career ended in 2010.

## Political career

Wardak's father and grandfather had both been local politicians, and in the 2005 parliamentary election Wardak stood as an independent candidate, and was elected as a member of the House of the People for Maidan Wardak Province. During her time as an MP, Wardak was critical of Western military intervention in Afghanistan, and supported forming relationships with the Taliban to come to more lasting agreements and to prevent further conflict. She also praised elements of the Taliban government in place during the late 1990s, including the level of security they brought to the country; she was more critical of the subsequent Taliban insurgency, which she likened to a group of criminals. Wardak has also criticised the Taliban for its stance on female education, commenting in 2010 that Maidan Wardak Province had no girls' schools in its Pashtun districts where support for the Taliban was highest. Wardak continued working part-time as a doctor at a hospital in Saydabad during her tenure as an MP. Following the 2010 parliamentary election, Wardak stopped being an MP; during the election campaign she had received threats from Taliban officials, and accused other candidates of ballot stuffing.

Wardak initially praised the Taliban's return to power following the fall of Kabul in August 2021, considering the previous government led by Ashraf Ghani to have been corrupt. She has since become more critical of the regime, particularly with regards to its position on girls education, and has advocated publicly for the reopening of girls' schools throughout the country.

## Personal life

Wardak was born and raised in Maidan Wardak Province, Afghanistan. As of 2021, Wardak is unmarried and lives in Saydabad, where she operates a private clinic.

## Recognition

She was recognized as one of the BBC's 100 women of 2021.


title: Yonam Institute of Technology

abstract: Yonam Institute of Technology, also Yonam Engineering College, is a private technical college located in Jinju, South Gyeongsang province, South Korea. It offers courses in computer electronics, hardware design, industrial information design, and related fields.

text:
# Yonam Institute of Technology

**Yonam Institute of Technology**, also **Yonam Engineering College**, is a private technical college located in Jinju, South Gyeongsang province, South Korea. It offers courses in computer electronics, hardware design, industrial information design, and related fields.

## Sister colleges

Within South Korea, the Yonam Institute maintains sisterhood relationships with Cheonan Yonam College, which was also established by the Yonam Educational Foundation. Internationally, it has relations with seven schools in seven countries: Canberra Institute of Technology in Australia, Changchun Institute of Technology in China, the Fachhochschule Augsburg in Germany, Nippon Bunri University in Japan, Northumbria University in the United Kingdom, St. John's and St. Mary's Institute of Technology in Taiwan, and Laguardia Community College in the United States.

35°09′50″N 128°06′07″E / 35.164°N 128.102°E / 35.164; 128.102

## InfoBox

| Yonam Institute of Technology | |
| --- | --- |
| Hangul | 연암공과대학교 |
| Hanja | 蓮庵工科大學敎 |
| Revised Romanization | *Yeonam Gonggwa Daehakgyo* |
| McCune–Reischauer | *Yŏnam Kongkwa Taehakkyo* |


title: Nakhon Sawan railway station

abstract: Nakhon Sawan railway station is a railway station in Nong Pling Sub-district, Nakhon Sawan City, Nakhon Sawan. It is a Class 1 station and the main station in Nakhon Sawan Province. It is about 245 kilometres from Bangkok railway station. The railyard serves as a PTT Petroleum tanker car yard with a spur line to a gas refinery.

text:
# Nakhon Sawan railway station

**Nakhon Sawan railway station** is a railway station in Nong Pling Sub-district, Nakhon Sawan City, Nakhon Sawan. It is a Class 1 station and the main station in Nakhon Sawan Province. It is about 245 kilometres from Bangkok railway station. The railyard serves as a PTT Petroleum tanker car yard with a spur line to a gas refinery.

* "รายชื่อสถานีรถไฟและที่หยุดรถ สายเหนือ" \[List of railway stations and bus stops above\]. Archived from the original on 1 April 2008.
* "ลดภาระขาดทุน รฟท.ประกาศยกเลิก 6ขบวนรถเชิงพาณิชย์". *ไทยรัฐออนไลน์*.
* "Train services". State Railway of Thailand. 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
* "All sorts of information". State Railway of Thailand. 21 February 2019. Archived from the original on 21 February 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019, at the Wayback Machine`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: postscript (link)

15°39′45″N 100°09′30″E / 15.66250°N 100.15833°E / 15.66250; 100.15833

## InfoBox

| Nakhon Sawan <br>นครสวรรค์ | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | National Road No. 3001, Nong Pling Sub-district, Nakhon Sawan City, Nakhon Sawan |
| Owned by | State Railway of Thailand |
| Line(s) | Northern Line |
| Platforms | 2 |
| Tracks | 7 |
| Construction | |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Station code | นว. |
| History | |
| Previous names | Nong Pling |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  State Railway of Thailand Following station  Khao Thongtowards Bangkok (Hua Lamphong) or Krung Thep Aphiwat  Northern Line  Pak Nam Photowards Chiang Mai | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Roland Hardenberg

abstract: Roland Josef Hardenberg is a German professor for Social and Cultural Anthropology. From 2009 to 2016 he was director of the Department of Ethnology at the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and from 2013 to 2017 deputy spokesperson of the CRC 1070 "ResourceCultures: Socio-cultural dynamics in the use of resources". In October 2016, he moved to a professorship for Social and Cultural Anthropology at the Goethe University Frankfurt am Main and took over as director of the Frobenius Institute in 2017. From 2017 to 2020, he was also managing director of the Institute for Ethnology at the Goethe University. Together with Holger Jebens he publishes the scientific journal Paideuma: Journal of Cultural Anthropology.

text:
# Roland Hardenberg

**Roland Josef Hardenberg** (born 1967 in Münster, Westphalia) is a German professor for Social and Cultural Anthropology. From 2009 to 2016 he was director of the Department of Ethnology at the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and from 2013 to 2017 deputy spokesperson of the CRC 1070 "ResourceCultures: Socio-cultural dynamics in the use of resources". In October 2016, he moved to a professorship for Social and Cultural Anthropology at the Goethe University Frankfurt am Main and took over as director of the Frobenius Institute in 2017. From 2017 to 2020, he was also managing director of the Institute for Ethnology at the Goethe University. Together with Holger Jebens he publishes the scientific journal *Paideuma: Journal of Cultural Anthropology*.

## Career

Hardenberg studied Ethnology, Modern History, Political Science and Southeast Asian Studies at the Westphalian Wilhelms University in Münster from 1988 to 1990 (Undergraduate), at Oxford Polytechnic (now Oxford Brookes University) from 1990 to 1991 (Diploma of Advanced Studies) and at the Free University of Berlin from 1991 to 1994 (Magister Artium). In 1998 he received his doctorate from the Free University of Berlin with a thesis on "The Rebirth of the Gods: Ritual and Society in Orissa" and was subsequently a research assistant in the Department of Ethnology.

In 2001, he moved to the South Asia Institute at the University of Heidelberg, where he continued as a research assistant until 2005. In 2006 he habilitated at the Westphalian Wilhelm University of Münster. The title of his habilitation thesis is "Children of the Earth Goddess: Society, Marriage and Sacrifice in the Highlands of Orissa". From 2006 to 2007, he was substitute professor at the Ethnological Institutes of the Free University of Berlin and the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen. From 2007 to 2009 he headed the research project "Burial Cultures in Kyrgyzstan".

In 2009, he accepted the offer of a W3 professorship at the Department of Ethnology at the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, where he taught and headed the department until September 2016. In October 2016, he accepted the offer of a W3 professorship for ethnology at the Goethe University Frankfurt am Main and became the new director of the Frobenius Institute in January 2017, succeeding Karl-Heinz Kohl.

## Research

Hardenberg studies socio-cultural values that form the framework for social action. Based on ethnographic studies in India and Kyrgyzstan, his research aims at understanding local practices that are expressions of shared socio-cosmic ideas. In India and Kyrgyzstan, these include in particular religious practices such as rituals, sacrifices, pilgrimages and burials as well as exchanges that suggest specific conceptions of "kinship", "friendship", "neighborhood", etc. Hardenberg's approach is comparative, with the aim of understanding cultural differences and commonalities.

He works with techniques of empirical field research in the context of long-term stays mainly in rural areas of South and Central Asia. His systematic contributions to social and cultural anthropology include topics such as cultural comparison, gift exchange, hierarchy, house societies and 'New Kinship'. In the framework of a Collaborative Research Center (SFB 1070) at the University of Tübingen, Roland Hardenberg, together with other scholars, has developed cultural studies approaches to resources and elaborated concepts such as "resource complexes" and "resource cultures". Based on comparative studies of ritual economies, he has coined the term "socio-cosmic field".

His current research interests focus on processes in the handling (production, distribution and consumption) of different millet varieties and on the question of which factors contribute to the rise and decline of millet as a staple food in India and Africa.

## Field research

## Publications (selection)

### Monographs

* Hardenberg, Roland. *Children of the Earth Goddess: Society, Marriage and Sacrifice in the Highlands of Odisha*. De Gruyter, Berlin 2018 (paperback edition 2019).
* Hardenberg, Roland.*The Renewal of Jagannatha’s Body. Ritual and Society in Orissa*. (Überarbeitete, englische Übersetzung von R. Hardenberg, 1999, *Die Wiedergeburt der Götter*) Manak Publications, New Delhi 2011.
* Hardenberg, Roland. *König ohne Reich: Rituale des Königtums in Orissa (Indien)*. (2. vollständig überarbeitete Auflage, 2000, *Ideologie eines Hindu-Königtums*) Schiler, Berlin 2008.

### Editor

* Hardenberg, Roland und Jebens, Holger (eds.). *Paideuma: Zeitschrift für kulturanthropologische Forschung* / *Journal of Cultural Anthropology* Reimer Verlag (vor 2018: Kohlhammer). Annual Publication.
* Martin Bartelheim, Leonardo Garcia Sanjuán and Roland Hardenberg (eds.). *Human-Made Environments. The Development of Landscapes as ResourceAssemblages.* RessourcenKulturen Bd. 15. Tübingen: Tübingen University Press. 2021.
* Schnell, Christiane/Pfeiffer, Sabine/Hardenberg, Roland (Hrsg.). *Gutes Arbeiten im digitalen Zeitalter.* Frankfurt a. Main: Campus Verlag 2021.

* Hardenberg, Roland (ed.). *Approaching Ritual Economy: Socio-Cosmic Fields in Globalized Contexts*. SFB 1070 Publications, Tübingen 2016.
* Hardenberg, Roland (ed.). Asian World Views. Context and Structure. *Journal of Social Sciences (special edition)*, 4/4, Delhi: Kamla Raj. 2000.
* Berger, Peter; Roland Hardenberg; Ellen Kattner & Michael Prager (eds.). *An Anthropology of Values. Essays in honour of Georg Pfeffer*. New Delhi: Pearson/Longman. 2010.
* Scholz, Anke K; Martin Bartelheim, Roland Hardenberg & Jörn Staecker (eds.), *ResourceCultures. Sociocultural Dynamics and the Use of Resources – Theories, Methods, Perspectives.* SFB Publications: Tübingen. 2017.
* Hardenberg, Roland & Holger Jebens (eds.). *Paideuma: Zeitschrift für kulturanthropologische Forschung* / *Journal of Cultural Anthropology* Reimer Verlag (vor 2018: Kohlhammer). Annual appearance.

### Articles

* Hardenberg, Roland. Dwelling in an Animated Landscape. Forms of Attachment Between Environment and People in Eastern India. In: Martin Bartelheim, Leonardo Garcia Sanjuán and Roland Hardenberg (eds.), *Human-Made Environments. The Development of Landscapes as ResourceAssemblages* (RessourcenKulturen Bd. 15). Tübingen: Tübingen University Press. 2021: 23-34.
* Hardenberg, Roland. Arbeit als Daseinsgestaltung. Ethnologische Perspektiven auf Mensch-Ding-Beziehungen und soziokosmische Felder. In: Schnell, Christiane/Pfeiffer, Sabine/Hardenberg, Roland (Hrsg.), *Gutes Arbeiten im digitalen Zeitalter.* Frankfurt a. Main: Campus Verlag 2021: 45-64.
* Conrad, Ruth/Hardenberg, Roland. Religious Speech as Resource. *International Journal of Practical Theology* 24(1), 2020: 165-195.
* Hardenberg, Roland/Berger, Peter. Georg Pfeffer (1943-2020). *Paideuma: Zeitschrift für kulturanthropologische Forschung / Journal of Cultural Anthropology* 65, 2020: 331-345.

* Berger, Peter & Roland Hardenberg. “Cereal Belongings – a cultural perspective on cereals as resource.” In: *Paideuma: Zeitschrift für kulturanthropologische Forschung / Journal of Cultural Anthropology* 64: 2018: 167–181.
* Hardenberg, Roland. “‘Imperial rice‘ and ‚subaltern millets‘. Cereals as resources in Odisha (India) and beyond.” In: *Paideuma: Zeitschrift für kulturanthropologische Forschung / Journal of Cultural Anthropology* 64: 2018: 265–283.
* Hardenberg, Roland, “Dongria Kond: Perspectivism in Tribal India”, in: *Brill’s Encyclopedia of the Religions of the Indigenous People of South Asia Online*, Marine Carrin (Editor-in-Chief), Michel Boivin, Gérard Toffin, Paul Hockings, Raphaël Rousseleau, Tanka Subba, Harald Lambs-Tyche (Section Editors). \<http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2665-9093\_BERO\_COM\_031977\>
* Hardenberg, Roland. Sacrifice, in: *International Encyclopedia of Anthropology*, ed. H. Callan, Vol. 12 (ed. By Simon Coleman). Wiley-Blackwell. doi:10.1002/9781118924396.wbiea2258 2018.
* Hardenberg, Roland. “From Durkheim to Hocart: Sacred Resources and the Quest for ‘life’.” In: *Durkheimian Studies / Etudes Durkheimiennes* 23:*,* 2017: 40–56.
* Bartelheim, Martin; Roland Hardenberg & Joern Staecker. The ‚Resource Turn‘: A Socio-Cultural Perspective on Resources, in: A. K. Scholz, M. Bartelheim, R. Hardenberg and Jörn Staecker (eds.), *ResourceCultures. Sociocultural Dynamics and the Use of Resources – Theories, Methods, Perspectives*. SFB Publications: Tübingen. 2017: 13–24.
* Hardenberg, Roland. Beyond Economy and Religion. Resources and Socio-cosmic Fields in Odisha, India. *Religion and Society: Advances in Research* 7, 2016: 83–96.
* Hardenberg, Roland. Those who spread from one father”: The Cultural Elaboration of Segmentation and Inclusion in Kïrgïzstan, in: L. Prager/M. Prager/G. Sprenger (eds.), *Parts and Wholes. Essays on Social Morphology, Cosmology, and Exchange in Honour of J. D. M. Platenkamp*. Zürich: Lit Verlag. 2016: 105–124.
* Hardenberg, Roland. Three Dimensions of Liminality in the context of Kyrgyz Death Rituals, in: P. Berger/J. Kroesen (eds.), *Ultimate Ambiguities Investigating Death and Liminality*. New York & Oxford: Berghahn Books. 2015: 125–146.
* Hardenberg, Roland. Collective, communicative and cultural memories: examples of local historiography from northern Kyrgyzstan. *Central Asian Survey* (Special issue: Local History as an Identity Discipline) 3/31, 2012: 265–276.
* Hardenberg, Roland. Die kulturelle Gestaltung des Todes in nicht-westlichen Gesellschaften. *Berliner Theologische Zeitschrift* (Bestattungskultur in der Gegenwart) 2/2012, 2012: 335–359.
* Hardenberg, Roland. The Efficacy of Funeral Rituals in Kyrgyzstan. *Journal of Ritual Studies* 24/1, 2010: 29–43.
* Hardenberg, Roland. Reconsidering ‚tribe‘, ‚clan‘ and ‚relatedness‘: A comparison of social categorization in Central and South Asia. *Scrutiny: A Journal of International and Pakistan Studies* 1/ 1, 2009: 37–62.
* Hardenberg, Roland. Categories of Relatedness: Rituals as a Form of Classification in a Middle Indian Society. *Contributions to Indian Sociology* 43/1, 2009: 61–87.


title: Nannodiella hukuiensis

abstract: Nannodiella hukuiensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Clathurellidae.

text:
# Nannodiella hukuiensis

***Nannodiella hukuiensis*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Clathurellidae.

## Description

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Pacific Ocean along Japan.

## InfoBox

| *Nannodiella hukuiensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Clathurellidae |
| Genus: | *Nannodiella* |
| Species: | ***N. hukuiensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Nannodiella hukuiensis***<br>(Nomura & Niino, 1940) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Mangelia hukuiensis* Nomura & Niino, 1940 | |


title: Popowiczki

abstract: Popowiczki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Złotniki Kujawskie, within Inowrocław County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.

text:
# Popowiczki

**Popowiczki** \[pɔpɔˈvit͡ʂki\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Złotniki Kujawskie, within Inowrocław County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.

## InfoBox

| Popowiczki | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Popowiczki | |
| Coordinates: 52°50′19″N 18°07′43″E / 52.83861°N 18.12861°E / 52.83861; 18.12861 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Kuyavian-Pomeranian |
| County | Inowrocław |
| Gmina | Złotniki Kujawskie |


title: Josh Wakely

abstract: Josh Wakely is an Australian director, screenwriter, and producer and the founder of the television and film production company Grace: A Storytelling Company. Wakely is principally engaged in the development and production of feature films and series based on the music publishing catalogues of prominent music artists and genres, including The Beatles, Motown, and Bob Dylan and other artists in the Universal Music Group library of recorded master and publishing catalogues. Wakely created the Emmy-winning Netflix original animated series Beat Bugs and Motown Magic, both on Netflix."

text:
# Josh Wakely

**Josh Wakely** is an Australian director, screenwriter, and producer and the founder of the television and film production company Grace: A Storytelling Company. Wakely is principally engaged in the development and production of feature films and series based on the music publishing catalogues of prominent music artists and genres, including The Beatles, Motown, and Bob Dylan and other artists in the Universal Music Group library of recorded master and publishing catalogues.

Wakely created the Emmy-winning Netflix original animated series *Beat Bugs* and *Motown Magic,* both on Netflix."

## Background

Wakely was raised in Newcastle, a coastal city two hours north of Sydney on the East Coast of Australia. He studied acting at Australia's Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts (WAAPA) before transitioning behind the camera and into the world of storytelling.

Wakely is a principal partner at Grace: A Storytelling Company, his film and television production company, based in Sydney and Los Angeles. He is represented by United Talent Agency.

## *Beat Bugs*

Wakely is the creator, director and producer of the children's animated series *Beat Bugs*, which Netflix premiered globally on August 3, 2016. Australia's Yahoo7 premiered the series on July 25, 2016 on 7Two. Netflix globally premiered Season 2 of the show on November 18, 2016. The show now airs on Nick Jr. in Australia.

Inspired by music by The Beatles, the series tells uplifting and life-affirming stories filled with hope and melody. For the show, Wakely acquired the worldwide rights in a deal with Sony/ATV Music Publishing to record covers of the entire Lennon/McCartney ‘Northern Songs’ music catalogue. He enlisted featured artists to cover songs in the show who include: Pink, Eddie Vedder, Rod Stewart, Robbie Williams, Aloe Blacc, Jennifer Hudson, James Corden, Sia, The Shins, James Bay, Chris Cornell and Wesley Schultz of The Lumineers.

Wakely's production company, Grace: A Storytelling Company, produced the series with Beyond Screen Production and Thunderbird. The *Beat Bugs* soundtrack is a joint release of Wakely's newly formed label Melodia and Universal Music's Republic Records.

*Beat Bugs* won the 2017 Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing in a Preschool Animated Program, and has since been nominated for eight Emmys. Awarded by the Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Foundation of British Columbia, *Beat Bugs* won the 2017 Leo Award for Best Animation - Program or Series and was nominated twice in the Best Voice Performance in an Animation Program or Series category. The show was also nominated for Best Animated Program or Series at the 2017 Canadian Screen Awards and Most Outstanding Children's Program at Australia's TV Week Logie Awards. In addition, the 'Yellow Submarine' episode won the 2016 AWGIE Award in Animation. Awarded by The Australian Writers' Guild, the AWGIE Awards recognize and reward excellence in performance writing. *Beat Bugs* also won the 2016 Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts (AACTA) award for Best Children's Television Series.

*Beat Bugs* also inspired a line of merchandise that is exclusively available at Target in the U.S. and Tesco in the U.K.

## *Motown Magic*

Wakely is the creator, director and producer of the children's animated series *Motown Magic*, which Netflix premiered globally on November 20, 2018. For the series, Wakely secured the rights to the Jobete and Stone Diamond catalogues that comprise hundreds of Motown's greatest hits.

Motown singer Smokey Robinson serves as executive music producer on the animated series. *Motown Magic* features newly recorded versions of songs by Smokey Robinson, Marvin Gaye, The Jackson 5, Lionel Richie, The Supremes, The Temptations, Stevie Wonder, and many more. Each 11-minute episode incorporates a plot line inspired by the themes and characters of a classic Motown song, and an original version of that song covered by contemporary artists including Ne-Yo, Becky G, BJ The Chicago Kid, Skylar Grey, Calum Scott, and Trombone Shorty.

*Motown Magic* is a story about music, magic and the power of imagination, told through the sounds of one of the world's most iconic, and culturally important music catalogues, Motown. Colorful and family-friendly, this groundbreaking animated series follows Ben, a wide-eyed eight-year-old with a big heart, and an amazing imagination, who uses his magic paintbrush to bring the street-art decorating his city, Motown, to life.

Melodia/Motown Records released the *Motown Magic* Original Soundtrack, a 13-song collection of classic Motown hits newly recorded for the show, on November 16.

In 2019, *Motown Magic* was nominated for an NAACP Image Award in the "Outstanding Children's Program" category.

## Other TV Projects

Wakely is currently developing multiple television projects based on various other music catalogues for which he has acquired the rights.

Wakely secured for Grace the rights to international music icon Bob Dylan’s entire 600-plus song catalogue, and is creating a television drama series based on his music.

Building on the popularity of *Beat Bugs* and the added success of the Dylan deal, Wakely secured additional groundbreaking deals for Grace, locking in the rights to the Jobete and Stone Diamond catalogues that comprise hundreds of Motown's greatest hits and Universal Music Group’s (UMG) vast collection of recorded master and publishing catalogues to create scripted entertainment based on the characters and themes found within these hallowed songbooks.

With extensive access to UMG's illustrious collection of catalogues, Wakely is also currently developing three television series: *27*, *Tropical Melody Island,* and *Mixtape* (all working titles), all based on the music found within these catalogues.

In 2010, Wakely served as a writer on the acclaimed family series *Lockie Leonard*, which was nominated for a BAFTA and won an Australian Film Institute Award for Best Children's Drama.

## Film Projects

Wakely wrote and directed *My Mind’s Own Melody*, a cinematic modern musical that came out in 2011 and was accepted into the 2013 New York Film Festival. The short film featured original music and lyrics by former Silverchair front-man Daniel Johns and stars Golden Globe Award winner Lisa Gerrard.

Wakely has optioned the rights to Darin Strauss' best-selling memoir *Half a Life*, which tells the haunting story of one man's 20-year struggle with the accidental death of his high school classmate.


title: Phillimore Island

abstract: Phillimore Island is an elongated island in the River Thames in the county of Berkshire, England, near the villages of Shiplake, Oxfordshire and Wargrave, Berkshire. It is on the reach above Shiplake Lock. The island is named after the Phillimore family who were formerly the owners of Shiplake House, now Shiplake College, on the Oxfordshire bank. Phillimore Island is quite centrally located in the River Thames.

text:
# Phillimore Island

**Phillimore Island** is an elongated island in the River Thames in the county of Berkshire, England, near the villages of Shiplake, Oxfordshire and Wargrave, Berkshire. It is on the reach above Shiplake Lock.

The island is named after the Phillimore family who were formerly the owners of Shiplake House, now Shiplake College, on the Oxfordshire bank.

Phillimore Island is quite centrally located in the River Thames.

51°29′53″N 0°53′25″W / 51.49806°N 0.89028°W / 51.49806; -0.89028


title: Mezcala culture

abstract: The Mezcala culture is the name given to a Mesoamerican culture that was based in the southern Mexican state of Guerrero, in the upper Balsas River region. The culture is poorly understood but is believed to have developed during the Middle and Late Preclassic periods of Mesoamerican chronology, between 700 and 200 BC. The culture continued into the Classic period when it coexisted with the great metropolis of Teotihuacan. Archaeologists have studied the culture through limited controlled excavations, the examination of looted artifacts, and the study of Mezcala sculptures found as dedicatory offerings at the Aztec complex of Tenochtitlan.

text:
# Mezcala culture

The **Mezcala culture** (sometimes referred to as the **Balsas culture**) is the name given to a Mesoamerican culture that was based in the southern Mexican state of Guerrero, in the upper Balsas River region. The culture is poorly understood but is believed to have developed during the Middle and Late Preclassic periods of Mesoamerican chronology, between 700 and 200 BC. The culture continued into the Classic period (c.250-650 AD) when it coexisted with the great metropolis of Teotihuacan.

Archaeologists have studied the culture through limited controlled excavations, the examination of looted artifacts, and the study of Mezcala sculptures found as dedicatory offerings at the Aztec complex of Tenochtitlan.

## Archaeological excavations

The Mezcala cultural region has been heavily looted by the local population, as these items have proven desirable on the art market. In terms of archaeological resources, the present-day state of Guerrero has not seen extensive professional excavations; prehistoric cultures found there are among the least understood in Mexico. Only one Preclassic Mezcala site, Ahuinahuac, has been investigated by archaeologists undertaking controlled excavations. Excavations of Classic period Mezcala sites have taken place at Organera Xochipala and El Mirador. The sculptural style of the Mezcala culture is largely known from looted andesite and serpentine artifacts.

## History

Based on excavations in Guerrero, examination of looted artifacts, and excavation of Mezcala artifacts at Teotihuacan, archaeologists have given the name "Mezcala culture" to a Mesoamerican culture that was based in the present-day southern Mexican state of Guerrero, in the upper Balsas River region. Archaeologists believe that the culture developed during the Middle and Late Preclassic periods of Mesoamerican chronology, between 700 and 200 BC. and continued into the Classic period (c.250-650 AD). At this time, the great metropolis of Teotihuacan developed to the north in the Valley of Mexico.

In the Mezcala area, Teotihuacan influence is pervasive. At the same time, there was also considerable influence going the other way, from the Mezcala area to Teotihuacan.

Anthropologists characterized the western societies as chiefdoms, at a time when states rose in Central Mexico. Unlike other areas of western Mexico, the Guerrero tradition in ceramics and site planning shows influence from Central Mexico. For instance, settlements along the Balsas River had pyramids, central plazas and ball courts.

The later Aztecs apparently excavated Mezcala sculptures and valued them, since the works have been found among the dedicatory offerings excavated at the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan, built in the 14th and 15th centuries. These included over fifty-six masks and ninety-eight figurines. Twenty-six of the figurines were divided equally between two stone boxes and arranged in south-facing rows.

## Sculpture

Mezcala-style sculpture is characterised by abstract facial features, suggested by lines and differences in texture. The sculptural style of the Mezcala culture may have been influenced by the Olmecs. In turn, it may have influenced the development of sculpture at the Classic-period metropolis of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico.

* Coe, Michael D.; Rex Koontz (2002) \[1962\]. *Mexico: from the Olmecs to the Aztecs* (5th, revised and enlarged ed.). London and New York: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-28346-X. OCLC 50131575.
* Evans, Susan Toby; David L. Webster, eds. (27 November 2000). *Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America: An Encyclopedia*. Routledge. ISBN 1136801855.
* López Austin, Alfredo; Leonardo López Luján (2001) \[1996\]. Bernard R. Ortiz de Montellano (ed.). *Mexico's Indigenous Past*. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-3214-0. OCLC 45879556.
* Matos Moctezuma, Eduardo (2002a). "The Templo Mayor, the Great Temple of the Aztecs". In Eduardo Matos Moctezuma and Felipe Solis Olguín (ed.). *Aztecs*. London: Royal Academy of Arts. pp. 48–55. ISBN 1-90397-322-8. OCLC 56096386.
* Matos Moctezuma, Eduardo (2002b). "239: Tlaloc". In Eduardo Matos Moctezuma and Felipe Solis Olguín (ed.). *Aztecs*. London: Royal Academy of Arts. pp. 459–460. ISBN 1-90397-322-8. OCLC 56096386.
* Matos Moctezuma, Eduardo (2002c). "261: Mask". In Eduardo Matos Moctezuma and Felipe Solis Olguín (ed.). *Aztecs*. London: Royal Academy of Arts. p. 465. ISBN 1-90397-322-8. OCLC 56096386.

## Further reading

* Reyna Robles, Rosa María (2003). *La Organera-Xochipala: Un sitio del Epiclásico en la Región Mezcala de Guerrero* (in Spanish). Mexico City, Mexico: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia. ISBN 9789703503339.
* Reyna Robles, Rosa María (November–December 2006). "La Organera-Xochipala, Guerrero". *Arqueología Mexicana* (in Spanish). **XIV** (82). Mexico City, Mexico: Editorial Raíces. Archived from the original on 2015-04-14.


title: Ropelength

abstract: In physical knot theory, each realization of a link or knot has an associated ropelength. Intuitively this is the minimal length of an ideally flexible rope that is needed to tie a given link, or knot. Knots and links that minimize ropelength are called ideal knots and ideal links respectively.

text:
# Ropelength

In physical knot theory, each realization of a link or knot has an associated **ropelength**. Intuitively this is the minimal length of an ideally flexible rope that is needed to tie a given link, or knot. Knots and links that minimize ropelength are called **ideal knots** and **ideal links** respectively.

## Definition

The ropelength of a knotted curve $C$ is defined as the ratio $L(C)=\operatorname {Len} (C)/\tau (C)$, where $\operatorname {Len} (C)$ is the length of $C$ and $\tau (C)$ is the knot thickness of $C$.

Ropelength can be turned into a knot invariant by defining the ropelength of a knot $K$ to be the minimum ropelength over all curves that realize $K$.

## Ropelength minimizers

One of the earliest knot theory questions was posed in the following terms:

*Can I tie a knot on a foot-long rope that is one inch thick?*

In terms of ropelength, this asks if there is a knot with ropelength $12$. The answer is no: an argument using quadrisecants shows that the ropelength of any nontrivial knot has to be at least $15.66$. However, the search for the answer has spurred research on both theoretical and computational ground. It has been shown that for each link type there is a ropelength minimizer although it may only be of differentiability class $C^{1}$. For the simplest nontrivial knot, the trefoil knot, computer simulations have shown that its minimum ropelength is at most 16.372.

## Dependence on crossing number

An extensive search has been devoted to showing relations between ropelength and other knot invariants such as the crossing number of a knot. For every knot $K$, the ropelength of $K$ is at least proportional to $\operatorname {Cr} (K)^{3/4}$, where $\operatorname {Cr} (K)$ denotes the crossing number. There exist knots and links, namely the $(k,k-1)$ torus knots and $k$-Hopf links, for which this lower bound is tight. That is, for these knots (in big O notation), $L(K)=O(\operatorname {Cr} (K)^{3/4}).$

On the other hand, there also exist knots whose ropelength is larger, proportional to the crossing number itself rather than to a smaller power of it. This is nearly tight, as for every knot, $L(K)=O(\operatorname {Cr} (K)\log ^{5}(\operatorname {Cr} (K))).$ The proof of this near-linear upper bound uses a divide-and-conquer argument to show that minimum projections of knots can be embedded as planar graphs in the cubic lattice. However, no one has yet observed a knot family with super-linear dependence of length on crossing number and it is conjectured that the tight upper bound should be linear.


abstract: Yissachar Dov Rokeach was the third Rebbe of the Belz Hasidic dynasty. He was the second son of Rabbi Yehoshua Rokeach, and served as the third Belzer Rebbe from his father's death in 1894 until his own death in 1926.

text:
# Yissachar Dov Rokeach (third Belzer rebbe)

**Yissachar Dov Rokeach** (1854  29 October 1926) was the third Rebbe of the Belz Hasidic dynasty. He was the second son of Rabbi Yehoshua Rokeach (the second Rebbe of Belz), and served as the third Belzer Rebbe from his father's death in 1894 until his own death in 1926.

## Personal life

Yissachar Dov was born in the town of Belz, Galicia. His grandfather, Rabbi Sholom Rokeach, the founder of the Belz dynasty, named him after his own father-in-law, Rabbi Yissachar Dov Ramraz, the *av beit din* of Sokal.

Yissachar Dov married Basha Ruchama, the daughter of Rabbi Yeshaya Zushe Twersky of Chernobyl and granddaughter of Rabbi Aaron Twersky of Chernobyl. They had two children: Aharon Rokeach, who would assume the mantle of leadership of the Belz Hasidim after his father's death, and Chana Rochel, who married Pinchos Twerski of Ustila.

After his first wife died, Yissachar Dov remarried Chaya Devora, daughter of Rabbi Avrohom Shmuel Pytshnik of Berezna. Together they had six children, including Mordechai Rokeach, who would later be known as Mordechai of Bilgoray and would accompany his half-brother Aharon as they, alone of all their family, escaped from Nazi-controlled Eastern Europe and arrived in Mandatory Palestine in February 1944.

## Rabbinical career

Following his father's death in 1894, Yissachar Dov acceded to the positions of Rav of the town of Belz and spiritual leader of the Belzer Hasidim. He also stood at the helm of the Machzikei Hadas movement set up by his father.

He was an acknowledged leader of Galician Jewry and was renowned as a miracle worker, attracting thousands who sought his blessing. He created the *yoshvim* program in Belz which encouraged married and unmarried men to spend all day learning Torah in local *shtieblach*. These scholars were supported by local businessmen.

Rabbi Yissachar Dov strongly opposed Zionism, which he saw as a threat to Jewish continuity.

## World War I

During World War I, the Russian army invaded and destroyed the town of Belz, which was under Austrian control. Rabbi Yissachar Dov fled to Hungary with many of his Hasidim. After the war, he lived for approximately two years in Oleszyce, in the home of a chassid named Yisrael Vogel. He returned to Belz to re-establish his court on Tuesday, 2 Shevat 5684 (January 8, 1924), at which time the town was under Polish rule.

He died on Friday night, 29 October 1926 (22 Cheshvan 5687), and was buried next to his father in the Belz Jewish cemetery.

## Rebbes of Belz

1. Rabbi Sholom Rokeach (1779–1855)
2. Rabbi Yehoshua Rokeach (1825–1894)
3. Rabbi Yissachar Dov Rokeach (1854–October, 1926)
4. Rabbi Aharon Rokeach (1880–1957)
5. Rabbi Yissachar Dov Rokeach (b. January, 1948)

## InfoBox

| Yissachar Dov Rokeach | |
| --- | --- |
| Rabbi Yissachar Dov Rokeach of Belz | |
| Title | Third Belzer Rebbe |
| Personal | |
| Born | Yissachar Dov Rokeach
1851
Belz |
| Religion | Judaism |
| Spouse | Basha Ruchama, Chaya Devorah Pytshnik |
| Children | Aharon Rokeach
Chana Rochel (m. Pinchos Twerski of Ustila), Sheva (m. Yitzchok Nochum Twerski of Shpykiv)
Henya
Yehoshua of Yeroslav
Sara (m. Yochanan of Hrubieszów)
Mordechai of Bilgoray
Yente (m. Yochonon Twerski)
Sholom |
| Parents |  |
| Signature |  |
| Jewish leader | |
| Predecessor | Yehoshua Rokeach |
| Successor | Aharon Rokeach |
|  | |
| Began | 1894 |
| Ended | 1926 |
| Main work | *Mahari"d* |
|  | |


title: Nanomantinae

abstract: Nanomantinae is a praying mantis subfamily in the new (2019) family Nanomantidae. The monotypic tribe Nanomantini was placed here, but several genera have been reassigned.

text:
# Nanomantinae

**Nanomantinae** is a praying mantis subfamily in the new (2019) family Nanomantidae. The monotypic tribe Nanomantini was placed here, but several genera have been reassigned.

## Genera

The *Mantodea Species File* lists:

Data related to Nanomantinae at Wikispecies

## InfoBox

| Nanomantinae | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Mantodea |
| Family: | Nanomantidae |
| Subfamily: | Nanomantinae |
|