title: Monica Van Kerrebroeck

abstract: Monica Van Kerrebroeck was a Belgian Catholic nun and politician. A member of Christian Democratic and Flemish, she served in the Flemish Parliament from 2004 to 2009. Van Kerrebroeck died in Zaffelare on 20 August 2023, at the age of 84.

text:
# Monica Van Kerrebroeck

**Monica Van Kerrebroeck** (22 July 1939 – 20 August 2023) was a Belgian Catholic nun and politician. A member of Christian Democratic and Flemish, she served in the Flemish Parliament from 2004 to 2009.

Van Kerrebroeck died in Zaffelare on 20 August 2023, at the age of 84.

## InfoBox

| Monica Van Kerrebroeck | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Flemish Parliament | |
| **In office**
13 June 2004  6 July 2009 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1939-07-22)22 July 1939
Ghent, Belgium |
| Died | 20 August 2023(2023-08-20) (aged 84)
Zaffelare, Belgium |
| Political party | CD&V |
| Education | KU Leuven |
| Occupation | Catholic nun |
|  | |


title: Zmeevo

abstract: Zmeevo is a village in Balchik Municipality, Dobrich Province, northeastern Bulgaria.

text:
# Zmeevo

**Zmeevo** is a village in Balchik Municipality, Dobrich Province, northeastern Bulgaria.

## InfoBox

| Zmeevo | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| ZmeevoLocation in Bulgaria | |
| Coordinates: 43°36′22″N 28°02′53″E / 43.606°N 28.048°E / 43.606; 28.048 | |
| Country | Bulgaria |
| Province | Dobrich Province |
| Municipality | Balchik |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


title: Mizzou Arena

abstract: Mizzou Arena is an indoor arena located on the campus of the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri. Home to the school's men's and women's basketball teams, the facility opened in November 2004 and replaced the Hearnes Center as the school's flagship indoor sports facility. The arena also serves as the Columbia-Jefferson City market's venue for well-known 'arena' acts such as Rascal Flatts, Luke Bryan and the Eagles. The arched-roof building seats 15,061, and is located just south of Hearnes and Memorial Stadium. The arena is host to Missouri State High School Activities Association championships for basketball and wrestling. The arena was originally known as Paige Sports Arena.

text:
# Mizzou Arena

**Mizzou Arena** is an indoor arena located on the campus of the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri. Home to the school's men's and women's basketball teams, the facility opened in November 2004 and replaced the Hearnes Center as the school's flagship indoor sports facility. The arena also serves as the Columbia-Jefferson City market's venue for well-known 'arena' acts such as Rascal Flatts, Luke Bryan and the Eagles. The arched-roof building seats 15,061, and is located just south of Hearnes and Memorial Stadium. The arena is host to Missouri State High School Activities Association championships for basketball and wrestling. The arena was originally known as **Paige Sports Arena**.

## About the arena

Mizzou Arena also includes offices for the Men's and Women's basketball programs, the Athletic Administration and Mizzou Arena's Building Operations. For the basketball programs the arena also offers locker rooms, a 24-hour practice gym, weight and training facilities including a hydrotherapy pool, video classrooms with audio and video editing capabilities, and an academic study center.

Missouri basketball coach from 1967 to 1999, Norm Stewart, is the namesake of the arena's playing court.

## History

After protracted negotiations, a third of the venue's $75 million cost was donated by Walmart heiress Nancy Walton Laurie and her husband Bill. It was initially named **Paige Sports Arena** after their daughter (who attended the University of Southern California rather than Mizzou, to much alumni and student criticism regarding the name), but the Lauries gave up their naming rights due to a term paper scandal involving that daughter shortly after the arena's dedication. The name of the arena's playing surface, Norm Stewart Court (in honor of Mizzou's longtime men's coach), was carried over from the basketball team's previous home at the Hearnes Center with the arena's opening in 2004.

In September 2014, the university announced renovations to the arena including new scoreboard infrastructure, improvements to the facility's entryway and upgrades to the team's locker room coming from a $1.5 million donation.

In June 2017, a former Mizzou athletics staffer was arrested on two felony charges after he allegedly drove a Volkswagen Passat through Mizzou Arena and onto Norm Stewart Court early that morning, causing an estimated $100,000 in damages.

## InfoBox

Mizzou Arena
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Former names | Paige Sports Arena (October–November 2004; three regular season games) |
| Location | One Champions Drive
Columbia, Missouri 65211 |
| Coordinates | 38°55′57″N 92°19′59″W / 38.93237°N 92.33303°W / 38.93237; -92.33303 |
| Public transit | Go COMO |
| Owner | University of Missouri |
| Operator | University of Missouri |
| Capacity | 15,061 (2004–present) |
| Surface | Hardwood |
| Construction | |
| Broke ground | September 21, 2002 (2002-09-21) |
| Opened | October 13, 2004 (2004-10-13) |
| Construction cost | $75 million
($121 million in 2023 dollars) |
| Architect | CDFM2
HOK Sport (now Populous) |
| Structural engineer | Walter P Moore |
| Services engineer | M-E Engineers, Inc. |
| General contractor | J.E. Dunn Construction Group |
| Tenants | |
| Missouri Tigers
(Men's & Women's Basketball) | |


title: Pellegrini Quartet

abstract: The Pellegrini Quartet is a string quartet named after its first violinist Antonio Pellegrini, founded in 1989 in Freiburg im Breisgau.

text:
# Pellegrini Quartet

The **Pellegrini Quartet** is a string quartet named after its first violinist Antonio Pellegrini, founded in 1989 in Freiburg im Breisgau.

## Presentation

The ensemble juxtaposes the traditional and the experimental. Its repertoire includes works of the Renaissance, the Baroque, the Viennese Classic (Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven), the early modern (Alexander von Zemlinsky, Hanns Eisler), and composers of the second half of the 20th century (among others Morton Feldman, John Cage, Luigi Nono and Giacinto Scelsi). The Pellegrini Quartet has worked closely with contemporary composers Klaus Huber, Péter Eötvös, Salvatore Sciarrino and Walter Levin. The quartet has performed works by Adriana Hölszky ("Suspension bridges - string quartet to Schubert"), Erhard Grosskopf (12 pieces for String Quartet - String Quartet No. 4), Peter Kleindienst ("What Power Art") and Juliane Klein.

Their discography focuses on works by contemporary composers.

## Members

### Former member

* Charlotte Geselbracht – viola (until 1993)


title: Rings Around the World

abstract: Rings Around the World is the fifth studio album and the major label debut by Super Furry Animals. Released on 23 July 2001 by Epic Records in the United Kingdom, it was the first album by any artist to be simultaneously released on both audio CD and DVD. The record reached number 3 in the UK Albums Chart and includes the singles "Juxtapozed with U", "(Drawing) Rings Around the World" and "It's Not the End of the World?". The album, which singer Gruff Rhys describes as "a very ambitious project", was recorded between April and September 2000 at Monnow Valley Studios in Rockfield, Monmouthshire, Wales and Bearsville Studios, New York with the band acting as co-producers alongside Chris Shaw. The majority of the songs on Rings Around the World were written by Rhys on guitar and piano with keyboardist Cian Ciaran contributing "[A] Touch Sensitive" and "Miniature" as well as collaborating with other members of the band on "Run! Christian, Run!", "Alternate Route to Vulcan Street" and "No Sympathy". Ex-Beatle Paul McCartney and former Velvet Underground member John Cale make cameo appearances on the album. Musically Rings Around the World is an eclectic record incorporating pop, prog, punk, jungle, electronica, techno and death metal. Rhys has offered several explanations of the album's lyrical content, claiming the record is "about Earth, and the pollution of space" and also that it addresses the human condition. Critics meanwhile have referred to the record as "thematically eccentric" and lacking an "overarching theme". Critical reception was generally positive, with the album being nominated for 2001's Mercury Music Prize and placing at #1 in Mojo's "best albums of 2001" feature. Some reviews claimed it to be the best record of the band's career although the NME described it as the band's worst album.

text:
# Rings Around the World

***Rings Around the World*** is the fifth studio album and the major label debut by Super Furry Animals. Released on 23 July 2001 by Epic Records in the United Kingdom, it was the first album by any artist to be simultaneously released on both audio CD and DVD. The record reached number 3 in the UK Albums Chart and includes the singles "Juxtapozed with U", "(Drawing) Rings Around the World" and "It's Not the End of the World?".

The album, which singer Gruff Rhys describes as "a very ambitious project", was recorded between April and September 2000 at Monnow Valley Studios in Rockfield, Monmouthshire, Wales and Bearsville Studios, New York with the band acting as co-producers alongside Chris Shaw. The majority of the songs on *Rings Around the World* were written by Rhys on guitar and piano with keyboardist Cian Ciaran contributing "\[A\] Touch Sensitive" and "Miniature" as well as collaborating with other members of the band on "Run! Christian, Run!", "Alternate Route to Vulcan Street" and "No Sympathy". Ex-Beatle Paul McCartney and former Velvet Underground member John Cale make cameo appearances on the album.

Musically *Rings Around the World* is an eclectic record incorporating pop, prog, punk, jungle, electronica, techno and death metal. Rhys has offered several explanations of the album's lyrical content, claiming the record is "about Earth, and the pollution of space" and also that it addresses the human condition. Critics meanwhile have referred to the record as "thematically eccentric" and lacking an "overarching theme". Critical reception was generally positive, with the album being nominated for 2001's Mercury Music Prize and placing at #1 in *Mojo's* "best albums of 2001" feature. Some reviews claimed it to be the best record of the band's career although the *NME* described it as the band's worst album.

## Origins and recording

*Rings Around the World* was the Super Furry Animals' first album for Epic Records following the demise, in 1999, of their previous label Creation and the success of 2000's *Mwng*, which was issued on the band's own label, Placid Casual. Singer Gruff Rhys has stated that the band aimed to make a "laid back and sort of wiped clean" record with *Rings...*. In a 2008 interview with *Uncut* Rhys described the album as "a very ambitious project" stating that "We were trying to make a blockbuster album that was going to be like The Eagles ... We were trying to make utopian pop music that had pretensions of being progressive and exciting." *Rings...* was originally going to be called *Text Messaging is Destroying the Pub Quiz as We Know It* and released as a double album containing 75–90 minutes of material with Rhys stating that he was "into the excess of it, that was the whole point". The group eventually decided against the idea but, drawn by the technical capabilities of the format and the desire to do something that had never been done before, produced a DVD version of *Rings...*, making it the first album to be simultaneously released on CD and DVD. The DVD features a surround sound mix alongside music videos and remixes and was made possible only by the financial backing of Epic.

Recording sessions began in April 2000 at Monnow Valley Studios in Rockfield, Monmouthshire, Wales with co-producer Chris Shaw and engineer Eric Tew. The band moved to Bearsville Studios, New York before returning to Monnow Valley some months later where recording was completed in September 2000. Bearsville was chosen because of its drum and live rooms, which the band felt were desirable as they were using more microphones to capture audio for the surround sound mix included on the DVD version of the album than they would normally when simply recording in stereo. The group were mindful of the capabilities of surround sound and recorded sub-bass on tracks such as "\[A\] Touch Sensitive" and "Juxtapozed with U", which could only be heard through a low-frequency subwoofer channel in the surround mix. The band recorded onto two-inch analogue tape until they had a take they were happy with, then transferred the results to Pro Tools where individual songs were edited and overdubs were added. According to Keyboardist Cian Ciaran this meant the band could "edit some beats very precisely ... like the gated kicks at the end of the track "Sidewalk Serfer Girl"". Once they were happy with a song the group then transferred it back to tape before mixing took place as they liked the "tape sound".

Rhys wrote many of the tracks on the album on acoustic guitar and piano and brought them to the band either as fully formed songs or as ideas which the group would then jam out. Ciaran wrote the songs "\[A\] Touch Sensitive" and "Miniature" and the intro and outro of "Run! Christian, Run!". A jam between Cian and guitarist Huw Bunford resulted in *Rings Around the World's* opening track "Alternate Route to Vulcan Street". The pair looped a sample of drummer Dafydd Ieuan playing the bass drum and snare and recorded themselves playing along on piano and guitar into a sampler. They then "chopped the playing up a bit" and filtered the drums and guitar to "give them more movement". Finally Rhys wrote lyrics and a string arrangement was added by Sean O'Hagan. Cian also contributed the second part of the song "No Sympathy", sampling the "mellow acoustic guitars" from the first half to create a techno "climactic ending".

Sessions for *Rings Around the World* saw the band concentrating on arrangements, particularly their vocal harmonies. On previous albums individual members of the group would "keep singing until \[they\] came up with harmonies that worked" but, encouraged by co-producer Chris Shaw, for *Rings...* the band took the time to work out harmonies in advance. The group used piano, keyboards or "whatever was available" to give themselves a starting note before the five band members and staff at the recording studio began trying ideas out. Occasionally Auto-Tune was used to "re-pitch existing lines to see if different versions of them would counterpoint correctly", with the band then learning the new vocal lines and recording them as they did not want to use Auto-Tune on the finished album.

Paul McCartney is credited as providing "celery and carrot" on the track "Receptacle for the Respectable". McCartney is alleged to have performed a similar role over thirty years earlier, chewing celery to form the percussion track of The Beach Boys song "Vegetables" from the album *Smiley Smile*. The Super Furry Animals had met the ex-Beatle at the NME Awards when a drunk Ciaran persuaded him to let them remix some Beatles material, resulting in 2000's *Liverpool Sound Collage* album. The band asked him to "return the favour" and appear on *Rings Around the World*, recording his part over the phone. Huw Bunford has said of McCartney's contribution: "He took it with good nature. You kind of see how far you can go sometimes ... we figured we already had a bass and singers so we really didn't need any more musicians. So we figured he could crunch vegetables". Former Velvet Underground member John Cale, a "sort of childhood hero" of Rhys's, also makes an appearance on the album, playing piano on the song "Presidential Suite". The Super Furry Animals had met Cale in Cardiff when they acted as his backing band for a song which appeared on the film *Beautiful Mistake*. They originally asked him to arrange strings for "Presidential Suite" but Cale turned them down reasoning that he would simply do what the band do: hum a melody to someone who could write the music down for him.

## Musical style

*Rings Around the World* is "very cinematic" and falls somewhere between the Super Furry Animals' 1999 album, the "instantaneous, easy to grasp, and almost disposable" *Guerrilla*, and its "exact opposite", 2000's *Mwng*. The band combined the technology they used for the former with the simplicity of the latter, which featured "just the band playing in the studio". Singer Gruff Rhys has described the album as the band's "cosmic rock record".

The album is a "kaleidoscopic blend of pop, prog, punk, psych, and electronica". *Drowned in Sound* describes it as similar to *Guerrilla* with "Beach Boys-esque psychedelic pop ... put to techno undertones" while the *NME* has called *Rings Around the World* an "expensive, glossy production ... lush and widescreen" and suggested that it "reaches for an effect so modern that at times it sounds like it could've been made in the '80s". The first single, "Juxtapozed with U", is reminiscent of both the Philadelphia soul music of the 1970s, and the "plastic" approximation of that music on David Bowie's 1975 album *Young Americans*, while "No Sympathy" has been described as the "missing link between Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young-scatted harmonies, jungle hi-hats and berserk sampler techno". The *Dallas Observer* compared "It's Not the End of the World?" to tunes such as The Kinks' "Waterloo Sunset", Dennis Wilson's "Forever" and Jack Bruce's "Theme for an Imaginary Western" while *The Big Issue* called "Sidewalk Serfer Girl" "surf-punk electro pop". Elsewhere on the album the eclectic range of sounds continues from the trip hop of "\[A\] Touch Sensitive" to the Status Quo-esque "(Drawing) Rings Around the World" and the "electro country rock" of "Run! Christian, Run!".

The track "Receptacle For the Respectable" reflects the eclecticism of the album as it "undergoes a complete personality change" over the course of its four-minute thirty-two-second duration, veering from prog rock to death metal. The song begins as an acoustic guitar-driven pop song and then shifts into a slower bridge section which leads to an even slower coda which has been compared to the music of Burt Bacharach and The Beach Boys' *Smiley Smile* album and features Paul McCartney chewing carrots and celery to the beat. The track ends with a "pantomime death metal" section with Rhys's "distorted, bellowed vocals" screaming the title phrase. According to Cian Ciaran, the song initially comprised just the first two parts when recorded at Monnow Valley Studios but, by the time the group relocated to Bearsville Studios, Rhys had written and added the third section. While there the band added the fourth section by "pissing about with Pro Tools", looping the bass from the end of the third section "by accident" to create the musical backing. A fifth, hip hop, section was discussed but the band decided against it, reasoning that "if you're going to do a fifth bit, you'd probably do a sixth, and before you know where you are, you're doing a concept album made up of nothing but bits!". According to the band, the track is the only time on the album where they tried to achieve comedy and "completely went with \[their\] silly streak".

## Lyrical themes

Singer and chief lyric writer Gruff Rhys has given several explanations of the lyrical themes present on the album. He has claimed that the record is "about Earth, and the pollution of space: it's about debris" and that it was originally going to be a "state of the planet concept album" before the band decided against it. Rhys has also stated that the album is about the human condition, citing tracks such as "Fragile Happiness" and "Receptacle For The Respectable" as examples. Critics have referred to the album as "thematically eccentric" and lacking an "overarching theme" with *The Independent* claiming it leaps "from religious fundamentalists to modern telecommunications and the old Hollywood star system with disorienting glee".

In contrast with 1999's *Guerrilla*, which featured songs with "self-consciously disposable, happy" lyrics, the tracks on *Rings Around the World* are, according to Rhys, "broodier and more revealing". The track "No Sympathy" was originally written for a film entitled *Plop*, which followed three unsympathetic characters who lived for a week as though it were their last. Rhys has described the song as quite a departure for him as a lyric writer and claimed that out of context it could appear bleak and scary. "Presidential Suite", about former United States and Russian presidents Bill Clinton and Boris Yeltsin, is "a reflective look back at the decadent nineties" during the Lewinsky scandal and asks if "we need to know if he really came inside her mouth?". "Juxtapozed with U" addresses social injustice and is about "house prices going up, and people being left behind by the super rich" and has been described by Rhys as "grotesque in its upness and lift". "Sidewalk Serfer Girl" was initially written about Patti White Bull, a girl who fell into a coma for 15 years, awaking in 1999, but became an amalgamation of the lyrics of several different songs, including one section in which Rhys describes his disdain for extreme sports. "Receptacle for the Respectable" is about simultaneously being in awe of, and being hurt by, a "girl around town" while "It's Not the End of the World?" is "a romantic song about growing old". "Run! Christian, Run!" was influenced by guitarist Huw Bunford's interest in "doomsday cult websites". Bunford printed out several essays from these websites and gave them to Rhys who used them as inspiration for his lyrics along with his own recollections of watching Christian television shows during the band's American tours. The album's title track, "(Drawing) Rings Around the World", is based on an idea put forward by Rhys' girlfriend's father and is about "all the rings of communication around the world. All the rings of pollution, and all the radioactivity that goes around". "Shoot Doris Day" refers to shooting American singer and actress Doris Day with film—"a very cinematic reference" for a song which Rhys claims is "over-the-top lyrically". The track is about "how people change" and also references Labour Party 'spin doctor' Peter Mandelson, in the guise of 'Victor Panache'.

## DVD

| Rings Around the World | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Video by Super Furry Animals | |
| Released | 23 July 2001 |
| Genre | Indie rock |
| Label | Epic |
| Super Furry Animals chronology | |
| ***Rings Around the World***
(2001) *Phantom Power*
(2003) | |

The DVD of *Rings Around the World* contains the 13 songs featured on the album, along with 5 bonus tracks. These 18 songs are presented in surround sound and are accompanied by "low budget" music videos. The release also includes 16 remixes and interactive menus featuring ambient music created by the band. According to keyboard player Cian Ciaran the group were worried that "doing a DVD might seem elitist, because only certain people have DVD players and systems, even now" but reasoned that "most people will have DVD playback systems at home within five years. Even if it doesn't take off, the stereo version of the album will always be there". The DVD release received a '15' certificate from the British Board of Film Classification, meaning that no-one under the age of 15 could buy or rent it in the United Kingdom.

Ciaran has stated that the Super Furry Animals were "very hands-on" during the making of the DVD. Initially the band were mainly concerned with the sound quality, describing the presentation of the album's tracks in surround sound as "radical, like the change from mono to stereo". The group directed the surround sound mix themselves, instructing audio engineers to move instruments and vocal parts between speakers: "We want that one bit of sound to travel from the centre, over our heads and finish on my right shoulder ... Let's have the main vocal in the middle, then each harmony in its own speaker." They soon became equally as interested in the remixes, visuals and interactive elements however. Ciaran has described this process as "not always a nice position to be in" when, for example, they had to reject music videos they weren't happy with. The band asked different directors to make music videos for each song having tried unsuccessfully to make a film to accompany their 1999 album *Guerrilla* themselves. According to singer Gruff Rhys the band "tended to go for illustrators who could \[make videos\] cheaply using Flash ... and artists who like to work". The directors were asked to make the visuals as "extreme as possible" in an effort to avoid making videos that looked like just "another pop promo ... like MTV" and, according to Ciaran, had to "work even harder at creating something interesting" due to the limited budget available. Many of those who made videos for the DVD release had no previous experience of making films resulting in a "really fresh ... kind of scruffy" end product. According to Rhys the band made separate music videos for *Rings Around the World'*s three singles as they saw the videos included on the DVD release of the album as "pure art" whereas they needed promotional videos that were more like adverts for the songs. Rhys has stated that the Super Furry Animals felt that fans placed too much emphasis on the videos on *Rings Around the World* rather than concentrating on the music, as a result of which the band used "really bland images" on the DVD release of their next album *Phantom Power*.

Although he enjoyed having so much control over the project Ciaran has claimed that it "sometimes felt like it would never end" and he was glad to get back to "the music side of things" upon the DVD's completion. Singer Gruff Rhys has stated that he found being involved with all aspects of the DVD release "really exciting" and particularly enjoyed working with "so many people".

## Release

*Rings Around the World* was released on CD, vinyl, MiniDisc and DVD on 23 July 2001 in the United Kingdom on Sony's Epic imprint and was the world's first simultaneous album/DVD release. The record reached number 3 in the UK Albums Chart. In America *Rings Around the World* was released on 19 March 2002 by XL Recordings with a bonus CD featuring seven tracks which appear on the DVD version of the album. *Rings Around the World* was released on 25 September 2001 in Japan with two additional tracks, "Tradewinds" and "Happiness Is a Worn Pun", added after "Fragile Happiness" at the end of the album. "Juxtapozed with U" was released as the first single from the album, reaching number 14 in the UK Singles Chart, followed by "(Drawing) Rings Around the World" in October 2001 which peaked at number 28. The third and final single to be taken from the album, "It's Not the End of the World?", was released in January 2002 and reached number 30 in the UK Singles Chart. The album has been certified gold in the United Kingdom, denoting sales of more than 100,000 copies.

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalogue |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Japan | 25 September 2001 | Epic Japan | Compact disc | ESCA-8341 |
| United Kingdom | 23 July 2001 | Epic | Compact disc | 5024132 |
| | | | Minidisc | 5024130 |
| | | | DVD | 201457 9 |
| | | | Vinyl record | 5024139 |
| United States | 19 March 2002 | XL Recordings/Beggars Banquet US | Compact disc | BXL 026 CD |
|

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 86/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Entertainment Weekly* | A− |
| *The Guardian* |  |
| *Los Angeles Times* |  |
| *NME* | 6/10 |
| *Pitchfork* | 8.9/10 |
|  |  |
| *Rolling Stone* |  |
| *The Rolling Stone Album Guide* |  |
| *Spin* | 9/10 |

*Rings Around the World* received praise from critics with a score of 86 on Metacritic, denoting "universal acclaim". Brent DiCrescenzo of *Pitchfork* stated that the album's combination of "paisley, sun-heated, and layered" music with Gruff Rhys's "satirical and heartfelt lyrics" makes it "timeless" and the band's best record. Adrian Begrand of *PopMatters* called the record "near-perfect" and wrote that "we should be thankful there are bands out there willing to throw everything they've got into a record just to see what happens". *Uncut* praised its "accessible and adventurous" nature, while *The Independent* opined that *Rings Around the World* "represents a quantum jump beyond the Furries' previous work" and described it as "one of the year's most engrossing – and, crucially, most entertaining – albums". *Mojo* stated that *Rings Around the World* was the band's "first truly flawless album" and later named it the best album of 2001. *Tiny Mix Tapes* called *Rings Around the World* "one of the, if not the, best releases of 2002", describing it as a "mixture of sugar pop of yesteryear and modern Britpop" resulting in a "near perfect" album. *Rings Around the World* was later nominated for 2001's Mercury Music Prize.

In a review for *Stylus Magazine*, Scott Plagenhoef wrote that on *Rings Around the World*, the band are "gleefully working outside of a scene or prototype" and "dabbling in a world of musical influences and Western hegemony, playing the merry prankster to Radiohead's gloom – and all with a smile, and in three-part harmony". Writing for AllMusic, Stephen Thomas Erlewine praised the record, claiming that it "shines brightly" compared to the "dead world of mainstream and indie rock in 2001" but expressed disappointment that it is "the first SFA album not to progress from its predecessor". Rob Brunner of *Entertainment Weekly* claimed that at its best, the album "recalls a lost Brian Wilson-style psychedelic marvel", but went on to state that it is "at times marred by forced eccentricity", citing the "heavy metal gorgon voice booming through 'Receptacle for the Respectable'" and the "awful lite-rock homage" "Juxtapozed with U" as examples.  stated that, although songs such as "(Drawing) Rings Around the World", "Shoot Doris Day" and "Presidential Suite" are "excellent", the album features "nothing to change anyone's world", while the *NME* claimed that, despite containing some great songs, it is the band's worst album. Robert Christgau of *The Village Voice* singled out "Tradewinds" as a "choice cut", indicating a "good song on an album that isn't worth your time or money."

Accolades

| Publication | Country | Accolade | Rank | Year |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Eye Weekly* | Canada | Albums of the year 2001 | 10 | 2001 |
| *Les Inrockuptibles* | France | 2001 Critics Albums | 37 | |
| *Iguana Music* | Spain | Best albums 2001 | 6 | |
| *Mondo Sonoro* | | Best records 2001 | 9 | |
| *Rock De Luxe* | | Best records 2001 | 22 | |
| Mercury Music Prize | United Kingdom | 2001 shortlist | * | |
| *Mojo* | | Mojo albums of 2001 | 1 | |
| *NME* | | Albums of 2001 | 11 | |
| | | 100 Greatest Albums of the Decade | 29 | 2009 |
|  | | End of year lists | * | 2001 |
| *Record Collector* | | Best of 2001: New albums | | * |
| *1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die* | United States | 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die | * | 2006 |
| *Spin* | | The 40 Best Albums of 2002 | 38 | 2002 |
| *The Village Voice* | | Pazz & Jop Albums of 2001 | 126 | 2001 |
| | | Pazz & Jop Albums of 2002 | 29 | 2002 |

* denotes an unordered list

## Track listing

### Original 2001 Editions

All tracks are written by Super Furry Animals, except "\[A\] Touch Sensitive" which contains a sample of "Ann" by Dave Alexander, Ron Asheton, Scott Asheton and Iggy Pop

Standard edition
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Alternate Route to Vulcan Street" | 4:31 |
| 2. | "Sidewalk Serfer Girl" | 4:01 |
| 3. | "(Drawing) Rings Around the World" | 3:29 |
| 4. | "It's Not the End of the World?" | 3:25 |
| 5. | "Receptacle for the Respectable" | 4:32 |
| 6. | "\[A\] Touch Sensitive" | 3:07 |
| 7. | "Shoot Doris Day" | 3:38 |
| 8. | "Miniature" | 0:40 |
| 9. | "No Sympathy" | 6:57 |
| 10. | "Juxtapozed with U" | 3:08 |
| 11. | "Presidential Suite" | 5:24 |
| 12. | "Run! Christian, Run!" | 7:20 |
| 13. | "Fragile Happiness" | 2:35 |
| Total length: | | 52:47 |

UK first edition vinyl bonus 7"
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "All the Shit U Do" (instrumental locked groove) | approx. 0:04 |
| Total length: | | approx. 0:04 |

US bonus disc
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Tradewinds" | 5:13 |
| 2. | "The Roman Road" | 5:18 |
| 3. | "Patience" | 4:04 |
| 4. | "Happiness Is a Worn Pun" | 3:16 |
| 5. | "Gýpsy Space Muffin" | 3:30 |
| 6. | "Edam Anchorman" | 3:22 |
| 7. | "All the Shit U Do" | 2:32 |
| Total length: | | 27:15 |

DVD video tracklisting
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Alternate Route to Vulcan Street" | 4:31 |
| 2. | "Sidewalk Serfer Girl" | 4:01 |
| 3. | "(Drawing) Rings Around the World" | 3:29 |
| 4. | "It's Not the End of the World?" | 3:25 |
| 5. | "Receptacle for the Respectable" | 4:32 |
| 6. | "\[A\] Touch Sensitive" | 3:07 |
| 7. | "Shoot Doris Day" | 3:38 |
| 8. | "Miniature" | 0:40 |
| 9. | "No Sympathy" | 6:57 |
| 10. | "Juxtapozed with U" | 3:08 |
| 11. | "Presidential Suite" | 5:24 |
| 12. | "Run! Christian, Run!" | 7:20 |
| 13. | "Fragile Happiness" | 2:35 |
| 14. | "The Roman Road" | 5:18 |
| 15. | "Tradewinds" | 5:13 |
| 16. | "Happiness Is a Worn Pun" | 6:14 |
| 17. | "Patience" | 4:03 |
| 18. | "All the Shit U Do" | 2:29 |
| Total length: | | 76:14 |

DVD audio tracklisting
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Alternate Route to Vulcan Street (Bench Remix)" | 7:05 |
| 2. | "(Drawing) Rings Around the World (Llwybr Llaethog Remix)" | 3:33 |
| 3. | "It's Not the End of the World? (Force Unknown Remix)" | 3:52 |
| 4. | "\[A\] Touch Sensitive (Force Unknown Remix 1)" | 6:23 |
| 5. | "Shoot Doris Day (Wauvenfold Remix)" | 4:06 |
| 6. | "Miniature (Goem Remix)" | 0:43 |
| 7. | "No Sympathy (Kid606 Remix)" | 4:47 |
| 8. | "Juxtapozed with U (Super Furry Animals Remix)" | 3:23 |
| 9. | "Presidential Suite (The High Llamas Remix)" | 4:18 |
| 10. | "Run! Christian, Run! (Massimo Remix)" | 7:18 |
| 11. | "Fragile Happiness (Brave Captain Remix)" | 4:01 |
| 12. | "Alternate Route to Vulcan Street (Atmos Remix)" | 4:42 |
| 13. | "Presidential Suite (Phat Eric Remix)" | 5:16 |
| 14. | "Fragile Happiness (Pieweighter Remix)" | 4:06 |
| 15. | "Juxtapozed with U (Lesser Remix)" | 3:22 |
| 16. | "\[A\] Touch Sensitive (Force Unknown Remix 2)" | 7:54 |
| Total length: | | 74:34 |

### Deluxe 20th Anniversary Editions

CD, Disc 1
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Alternate Route to Vulcan Street" | 4:31 |
| 2. | "Sidewalk Serfer Girl" | 4:01 |
| 3. | "(Drawing) Rings Around the World" | 3:29 |
| 4. | "It's Not the End of the World?" | 3:25 |
| 5. | "Receptacle for the Respectable" | 4:32 |
| 6. | "\[A\] Touch Sensitive" | 3:07 |
| 7. | "Shoot Doris Day" | 3:38 |
| 8. | "Miniature" | 0:40 |
| 9. | "No Sympathy" | 6:57 |
| 10. | "Juxtapozed with U" | 3:08 |
| 11. | "Presidential Suite" | 5:24 |
| 12. | "Run! Christian, Run!" | 7:20 |
| 13. | "Fragile Happiness" (ends with hidden track "Receptacle For The Respectable (Maccapella Celery)") | 3:35 |
| 14. | "Tradewinds" | 5:13 |
| 15. | "The Roman Road" | 5:18 |
| 16. | "Happiness Is a Worn Pun" | 3:21 |
| 17. | "Patience" | 4:04 |
| 18. | "Edam Anchorman" | 3:22 |
| 19. | "All the Shit U Do" | 2:30 |
| Total length: | | 77:35 |

CD, Disc 2: A Little Pit Stop On The Road To Rome
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Gýpsy Space Muffin" | 3:30 |
| 2. | "John Spex (Outtake)" | 5:13 |
| 3. | "Miami Vice (Outtake)" | 10:00 |
| 4. | "Sanitised (Rough Mix)" | 2:58 |
| 5. | "Chihuahua (Unfinished, Rough Mix)" (ends with hidden track "(Drawing) Rings Around The World (Acapella Phones)") | 6:48 |
| 6. | "(Drawing) Rings Around The World #1 (Demo)" | 0:34 |
| 7. | "(Drawing) Rings Around The World #2 (Demo)" | 1:49 |
| 8. | "(Drawing) Rings Around The World #3 (Demo)" | 1:59 |
| 9. | "No Sympathy (Demo)" | 4:01 |
| 10. | "Tradewinds (Demo)" | 3:44 |
| 11. | "Receptacle For The Respectable #1 (Demo)" | 2:17 |
| 12. | "Receptacle For The Respectable #2 (Demo)" | 2:20 |
| 13. | "Happiness Is A Worn Pun (Demo)" | 2:39 |
| 14. | "Sidewalk Serfer Girl (Demo)" | 0:23 |
| 15. | "Presidential Suite (Demo)" | 2:53 |
| 16. | "The Roman Road (Demo)" | 4:24 |
| 17. | "Patience #2 (Demo)" | 4:23 |
| 18. | "Shoot Doris Day (Demo)" | 3:45 |
| 19. | "Edam Anchorman (Demo)" | 2:55 |
| 20. | "Sanitised (Demo)" | 2:13 |
| 21. | "Fragile Happiness (Demo)" (ends with hidden track "Tape Rewind") | 3:47 |
| 22. | "Tradewinds (Acoustic Mix) / Sidewalk Serfer Girl (Unused ’70s Rock Edit Section) / Shoot Doris Day (Excised Third Chorus) / Sidewalk Serfer Girl (Alternate Second Verse)" (unlisted hidden track) | 6:33 |
| Total length: | | 79:08 |

CD, Disc 3: Every Building Has Been Built
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Alternate Route to Vulcan Street (Bench Remix)" | 6:56 |
| 2. | "Sidewalk Serfer Girl (Catatonia Remix)" | 1:54 |
| 3. | "(Drawing) Rings Around The World (Happy Chapel Remix)" | 3:31 |
| 4. | "It's Not the End Of The World? (Force Unknown Remix)" | 3:50 |
| 5. | "Receptacle For The Respectable (Destructable Mix)" | 2:09 |
| 6. | "\[A\] Touch Sensitive (Force Unknown Remix)" | 7:47 |
| 7. | "Shoot Doris Day (Wauvenfold Remix)" | 4:06 |
| 8. | "Miniature (Goem Remix)" | 0:43 |
| 9. | "No Sympathy (Kid606 Remix)" | 4:47 |
| 10. | "Juxtapozed with U (Super Furry Animals Remix)" | 3:23 |
| 11. | "Presidential Suite (The High Llamas Remix)" | 4:18 |
| 12. | "Run! Christian, Run! (Massimo Remix)" | 7:18 |
| 13. | "Fragile Happiness (Brave Captain Remix)" | 4:01 |
| 14. | "DVD Menu Music Medley" (unlisted hidden track) | 25:12 |
| Total length: | | 79:55 |

Web Part 1, Disc 1
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Alternate Route to Vulcan Street" | 4:31 |
| 2. | "Sidewalk Serfer Girl" | 4:01 |
| 3. | "(Drawing) Rings Around the World" | 3:29 |
| 4. | "It's Not the End of the World?" | 3:25 |
| 5. | "Receptacle for the Respectable" | 4:32 |
| 6. | "\[A\] Touch Sensitive" | 3:07 |
| 7. | "Shoot Doris Day" | 3:38 |
| 8. | "Miniature" | 0:40 |
| 9. | "No Sympathy" | 6:57 |
| 10. | "Juxtapozed with U" | 3:08 |
| 11. | "Presidential Suite" | 5:24 |
| 12. | "Run! Christian, Run!" | 7:20 |
| 13. | "Fragile Happiness" | 2:35 |
| Total length: | | 52:47 |

Web Part 1, Disc 2
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Tradewinds" | 5:13 |
| 2. | "The Roman Road" | 5:18 |
| 3. | "Patience" | 4:04 |
| 4. | "Edam Anchorman" | 3:22 |
| 5. | "All the Shit U Do" | 2:30 |
| 6. | "Gýpsy Space Muffin" | 3:30 |
| 7. | "Happiness Is a Worn Pun" | 3:21 |
| 8. | "John Spex (Outtake)" | 5:13 |
| 9. | "Miami Vice (Outtake)" | 10:00 |
| 10. | "Sanitised (Rough Mix)" | 2:58 |
| 11. | "Chihuahua (Unfinished, Rough Mix)" | 4:51 |
| Total length: | | 49:50 |

Web Part 1, Disc 3
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Alternate Route to Vulcan Street (Bench Remix)" | 7:05 |
| 2. | "Alternate Route to Vulcan Street (Atmos Remix)" | 4:43 |
| 3. | "Alternate Route to Vulcan Street (Will Wells Remix)" | 4:24 |
| 4. | "Sidewalk Serfer Girl (Catatonia Remix)" | 4:02 |
| 5. | "Sidewalk Serfer Girl (Catatonia Remix 2)" | 6:33 |
| 6. | "(Drawing) Rings Around The World (Happy Chapel Remix)" | 3:35 |
| 7. | "(Drawing) Rings Around The World (Hunan Laddiad Remix)" | 3:42 |
| 8. | "(Drawing) Rings Around the World (Llwybr Llaethog Remix)" | 3:33 |
| 9. | "It's Not the End of the World? (Force Unknown Remix)" | 3:56 |
| 10. | "It's Not the End of the World? (Force Unknown D&B Remix)" | 4:46 |
| 11. | "Receptacle For The Respectable (Llwybr Llaethog Remix)" | 3:02 |
| 12. | "Receptacle For The Respectable (Destructable Mix)" | 3:28 |
| 13. | "\[A\] Touch Sensitive (Force Unknown Remix)" | 7:54 |
| 14. | "\[A\] Touch Sensitive (Force Unknown Remake)" | 6:23 |
| 15. | "Shoot Doris Day (Wauvenfold Remix)" | 4:06 |
| 16. | "Miniature (Goem Remix)" | 0:43 |
| 17. | "No Sympathy (Kid606 Remix)" | 4:47 |
| 18. | "Juxtapozed with U (Super Furry Animals Remix)" | 3:25 |
| 19. | "Juxtapozed with U (Lesser Remix)" | 3:23 |
| 20. | "Juxtapozed with U (Walt Liquor Mystic Remix)" | 4:11 |
| 21. | "Presidential Suite (The High Llamas Remix)" | 4:18 |
| 22. | "Presidential Suite (Phat Eric Remix)" | 5:16 |
| 23. | "Run! Christian, Run! (Massimo Remix)" | 7:18 |
| 24. | "Fragile Happiness (Pieweighter Remix)" | 4:07 |
| 25. | "Fragile Happiness (Brave Captain Remix)" | 4:05 |
| 26. | "Tradewinds (Bench Remix)" | 3:31 |
| Total length: | | 116:16 |

Web Part 2, Disc 1
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "(Drawing) Rings Around The World #1 (Demo)" | 2:05 |
| 2. | "(Drawing) Rings Around The World #2 (Demo)" | 1:53 |
| 3. | "(Drawing) Rings Around The World #3 (Demo)" | 2:03 |
| 4. | "No Sympathy (Demo)" | 4:03 |
| 5. | "Tradewinds (Demo)" | 3:44 |
| 6. | "Receptacle For The Respectable #1 (Demo)" | 2:16 |
| 7. | "Receptacle For The Respectable #2 (Demo)" | 2:20 |
| 8. | "Happiness Is A Worn Pun (Demo)" | 2:39 |
| 9. | "Sidewalk Serfer Girl (Demo)" | 0:23 |
| 10. | "Run! Christian, Run! (Demo)" | 4:08 |
| 11. | "Presidential Suite (Demo)" | 2:53 |
| 12. | "The Roman Road (Demo)" | 4:24 |
| 13. | "Patience #1 (Demo)" | 4:21 |
| 14. | "Patience #2 (Demo)" | 4:23 |
| 15. | "Shoot Doris Day (Demo)" | 3:44 |
| 16. | "Edam Anchorman (Demo)" | 2:55 |
| 17. | "Sanitised (Demo)" | 2:13 |
| 18. | "Fragile Happiness (Demo)" | 2:34 |
| Total length: | | 53:01 |

Web Part 2, Disc 2
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "DVD Menu Music Medley" | 25:12 |
| 2. | "(Drawing) Rings Around The World (Acapella Phones)" | 2:00 |
| 3. | "Receptacle For The Respectable (Maccapella Celery)" | 1:00 |
| 4. | "Tradewinds (Acoustic Mix)" | 4:15 |
| 5. | "Sidewalk Serfer Girl (Alternate Second Verse)" | 0:42 |
| 6. | "Shoot Doris Day (Excised Third Chorus)" | 0:53 |
| 7. | "Sidewalk Serfer Girl (Unused '70s Rock Edit Section)" |  |
| 22. | Untitled | 0:40 |
| Total length: | | 34:42 |

Web Part 2, Disc 3
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Alternate Route to Vulcan Street (Instrumental)" | 4:42 |
| 2. | "Sidewalk Serfer Girl (Instrumental)" | 4:06 |
| 3. | "(Drawing) Rings Around the World (Instrumental)" | 3:35 |
| 4. | "It's Not the End of the World? (Instrumental)" | 3:30 |
| 5. | "Receptacle for the Respectable (Instrumental)" | 4:34 |
| 6. | "\[A\] Touch Sensitive (Alternate Mix)" | 2:44 |
| 7. | "Shoot Doris Day (Instrumental)" | 4:06 |
| 8. | "No Sympathy (Instrumental)" | 5:06 |
| 9. | "No Sympathy, Part 2 (Alternate Mix)" | 2:32 |
| 10. | "Juxtapozed with U (Instrumental)" | 3:10 |
| 11. | "Presidential Suite (Instrumental)" | 5:24 |
| 12. | "Run! Christian, Run! (Instrumental)" | 7:17 |
| 13. | "Fragile Happiness" | 2:35 |
| 14. | "Tradewinds (Instrumental)" | 5:16 |
| 15. | "The Roman Road (Instrumental)" | 6:03 |
| 16. | "Patience (Instrumental)" | 4:05 |
| 17. | "Edam Anchorman (Instrumental)" | 3:31 |
| 18. | "All the Shit U Do (Instrumental)" | 2:31 |
| 19. | "Gýpsy Space Muffin (Instrumental)" | 3:40 |
| 20. | "Happiness Is a Worn Pun (Instrumental)" | 6:11 |
| Total length: | | 84:38 |

## Personnel

All track numbers refer to the CD version of *Rings Around the World* unless otherwise stated.

Band Additional musicians   Music video directors (DVD)   Remixers (DVD)   Recording personnel * Super Furry Animals – production, string arrangements on tracks 1, 4, 7, 10, 11
* Sean O'Hagan – string arrangements on tracks 1, 11
* Marcus Holdaway – string arrangements on track 1, 11
* Sonia Slany – string arrangements on tracks 4, 7, 10
* Chris Shaw – production and engineering
* Eric Tew – engineering
* Damian Shannon – engineering assistant (Bearsville Studios)
* Richard Wilkinson – engineering assistant (Metropolis)
* Stuart Hawkes – mastering
* Julian Lowe – mastering

DVD production * Mike Gillespie – production
* Super Furry Animals – executive production, DVD sound effects and music
* Anthony I.P. Owen – DVD authoring
* Coffeecup New Media – DVD interface design
* No Brake Visual Engineering – DVD interface design
* John Mark James – DVD interface icon design
* Robert Burnett – video encoding
* Crispin Murray – audio encoding
* Mike Jones – film compilation

Artwork

## Album chart positions

| Chart | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| UK Albums Chart | 3 |
| U.S. Independent Albums | 32 |
|

Notes References  1. Martin, Piers (April 2008). "Album by album: Super Furry Animals". *Uncut* (131): 70–72.
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## InfoBox

| Rings Around the World | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Super Furry Animals | |
| Released | 23 July 2001 |
| Recorded | April–September 2000 |
| Studio |  |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 52:47 |
| Label | Epic |
| Producer | Chris Shaw and Super Furry Animals |
| Super Furry Animals chronology | |
| *Mwng*
(2000) ***Rings Around the World***
(2001) *Phantom Power*
(2003) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Rings Around the World* | |
| 1. "Juxtapozed with U"
Released: 9 July 2001 2. "(Drawing) Rings Around the World"
Released: 8 October 2001 3. "It's Not the End of the World?"
Released: 14 January 2002 | |
|  | |


title: Woman Sesame Oil Maker

abstract: Woman Sesame Oil Maker is a 1993 Chinese film. In the English speaking world it has been released in the United Kingdom under the title Women from the Lake of Scented Souls and more recently on DVD as Woman Sesame Oil Maker. It is adapted from a novel by Zhou Daxin, "The Fragrant Oil Mill by the Lake of Scented Souls" (香魂塘畔的香油坊). The film is adapted and directed by Xie Fei and tells the story of a woman in a small village in Hebei who runs a small sesame oil business that becomes unexpectedly successful, but who then uses her money to buy for her mentally disabled son a peasant bride. The film won the Golden Bear for Best Film at the 43rd Berlin International Film Festival in 1993, a prize it shared with Ang Lee's The Wedding Banquet.

text:
# Woman Sesame Oil Maker

***Woman Sesame Oil Maker*** (Chinese: 香魂女; pinyin: *Xiāng hún nǚ*) is a 1993 Chinese film. In the English speaking world it has been released in the United Kingdom under the title ***Women from the Lake of Scented Souls*** (the more literal translation) and more recently on DVD as *Woman Sesame Oil Maker*. It is adapted from a novel by Zhou Daxin, "The Fragrant Oil Mill by the Lake of Scented Souls" (香魂塘畔的香油坊).

The film is adapted and directed by Xie Fei and tells the story of a woman in a small village in Hebei who runs a small sesame oil business that becomes unexpectedly successful, but who then uses her money to buy for her mentally disabled son a peasant bride.

The film won the Golden Bear for Best Film at the 43rd Berlin International Film Festival in 1993, a prize it shared with Ang Lee's *The Wedding Banquet*.

## Plot

Illiterate villager Second Sister Xiang (Siqin Gaowa) was sold as a tongyangxi (child bride) to her present husband, a man with a lame leg, when she was seven. She has an intellectually disabled son Dunzi, who suffers from epileptic fits and is now grown up, and a younger daughter Zhi'er. Through her diligence she has started a successful sesame oil mill and now becomes the richest person in her village.

A Japanese businesswoman decides to invest in her business after visiting her mill. Meanwhile, Sister Xiang tries to find a bride for her son. She engineers her son's marriage with Huanhuan (Wu Yujuan), a peasant girl whose family is in dire financial straits.

One night, Dunzi nearly strangles Huanhuan to death during a fit. Huanhuan runs back home, but her mother-in-law makes sure she returns. Huanhuan witnesses her drunk father-in-law beating Sister Xiang in bed. She also chances on Sister Xiang in an adulterous affair with family friend Ren, who fathered her daughter Zhi'er.

Ren later initiates a break-up with Sister Xiang. Sister Xiang falls ill. She is heartbroken, despite her sesame oil being awarded top prize by the provincial government.

Sister Xiang gradually realizes that Huanhuan, like her, suffers as a kindred spirit. She decides to release Huanhuan by asking Huanhuan to go for a divorce. But Huanhuan states that her life is already ruined. She then breaks down.

## InfoBox

| Woman Sesame Oil Maker | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Chinese name | |
| Traditional Chinese | 香魂女 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Xiāng hún nǚ | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Directed by | Xie Fei |
| Written by | Xie Fei |
| Story by | Zhou Daxin |
| Starring | Siqin Gaowa |
| Cinematography | Bao Xiaoran |
| Music by | Wang Liping |
| Distributed by | Facets Multimedia (Region 1 DVD) |
| Release dates | * 1993 (1993) (China) * February 16, 1994 (1994-02-16) (New York City) |
| Running time | 105 minutes |
| Country | China |
| Language | Mandarin |


title: Monstera integrifolia

abstract: Monstera integrifolia is a species of flowering plant in the genus Monstera in the arum family, Araceae.

text:
# Monstera integrifolia

***Monstera integrifolia*** is a species of flowering plant in the genus *Monstera* in the arum family, Araceae.

## Distribution

Its native range is Costa Rica to Panama.

## InfoBox

| *Monstera integrifolia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Alismatales |
| Family: | Araceae |
| Genus: | *Monstera* |
| Species: | ***M. integrifolia*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Monstera integrifolia***<br>Zuluaga & Croat | |
|


abstract: National Westminster Finance NZ Ltd v South Pacific Rent-a-Car Ltd [1985] 1 NZLR 646 is a cited case in New Zealand regarding the validation of illegal contracts under the Illegal Contracts Act 1970.

text:
# National Westminster Finance NZ Ltd v South Pacific Rent-a-Car Ltd

***National Westminster Finance NZ Ltd v South Pacific Rent-a-Car Ltd*** \[1985\] 1 NZLR 646 is a cited case in New Zealand regarding the validation of illegal contracts under the Illegal Contracts Act 1970.

## Background

South Pacific ran a Christchurch-based rental car agency. Over the years, it had purchased 80 cars under hire purchase from the NZ Motor Corporation, paying a 10% deposit, plus a further 15% in instalments over the next 8 months, with the NZMC purchasing the vehicles back.

Problems arose however in 1979, when Mr Mullaly sold the company to another company owned by Mr Cooper, after his lawyer advised him that these agreements were illegal, as under the Hire Purchase and Credit Sales Stabilisation Regulations 1957, hire purchase agreements are illegal if they have a deposit of less than 60%.

As a result, Cooper took the drastic action of demanding that the finance company take all the vehicles back, which the duly did, and after selling the vehicles, sent South Pacific a demand for $44,922.74, as well as to Mr Mullaly under his personal guarantee.

After neither party was prepared to pay, the finance company sued both parties. South Pacific lodged a counter-claim that as the contracts were illegal, not only were they not liable for the shortfall, that they were also entitled to the $55,238.14 that they had paid under these contracts to be refunded, and NatWest subsequently filed in the court for a validation order.

## Held

The court made an order for validation of the HP contracts, but only on the basis that they first release Mr Mullaly from his guarantee.

## InfoBox

| National Westminster Finance NZ Ltd v South Pacific Rent-a-Car Ltd | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Court | Court of Appeal of New Zealand |
| Full case name | *National Westminster Finance NZ Ltd v South Pacific Rent-a-Car Ltd (First Defendant) and B Mullaly (Second Defendant)* |
| Decided | 13 September 1984 |
| Citation | \[1985\] 1 NZLR 646 |
| Court membership | |
| Judges sitting | Richardson J, Somers J, Eichelbaum J |


title: Modern Times (Al Stewart album)

abstract: Modern Times is Al Stewart's sixth studio album, released in 1975. The album was re-released in 2007 with bonus tracks. A further remaster by Paschal Byrne was released on Esoteric Recordings in 2015.

text:
# Modern Times (Al Stewart album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***Modern Times*** is Al Stewart's sixth studio album, released in 1975. The album was re-released in 2007 with bonus tracks. A further remaster by Paschal Byrne was released on Esoteric Recordings in 2015.

## Track listing

All tracks composed by Al Stewart except as indicated.

### 1975 original LP edition

Side 1

1. "Carol" – 4:24
2. "Sirens of Titan" – 2:50
3. "What's Going On?" – 3:34
4. "Not the One" – 4:34
5. "Next Time" – 4:19

Side 2

1. "Apple Cider Re-Constitution" – 5:19
2. "The Dark and the Rolling Sea" – 5:21
3. "Modern Times" (Dave Mudge, Stewart) – 8:21

### 2000 Beat Goes On edition bonus tracks

1. "News from Spain" - 6:03
2. "Elvaston Place" - 2:53
3. "Swallow Wind" - 3:21

### 2007 Collector's Choice Music edition bonus tracks

1. "Swallow Wind" - 3:23
2. "A Sense of Deja Vu" - 4:50
3. "Willie the King" - 4:01

## Personnel

* Al Stewart - vocals, acoustic guitar
* Brian Bennett - backing vocals
* David Ellis - acoustic guitar
* Isaac Guillory \- guitar
* Simon Nicol \- acoustic guitar
* Tim Renwick \- electric guitar
* Andrew Powell \- orchestral arrangement on "Modern Times"
* Tony Carr - percussion
* Gerry Conway \- drums
* Stuart Cowell - dobro, electric guitar
* Barry De Souza - drums
* George Ford - bass
* Neil Lancaster - backing vocals
* Chas Mills - backing vocals
* Peter Moss - bass, fuzz bass
* Graham Smith - harmonica
* Pete Wingfield \- keyboards
* Peter Wood - keyboards, accordion

Technical * Alan Parsons \- engineer, string arrangement on "Apple Cider Re-Constitution"
* Peter James - engineer
* Hipgnosis \- sleeve design, photography

## Charts

**Album**Billboard (United States)

| Year | Chart | Position |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1975 | Albums | 30 |
|

## InfoBox

| Modern Times | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Al Stewart | |
| Released | January 1975 (UK), March 1975 (US) |
| Recorded | October 1974 |
| Studio | Abbey Road Studios, London |
| Genre | Rock |
| Length | 38:45 |
| Label | UK: CBS
US: Janus |
| Producer | Alan Parsons |
| Al Stewart chronology | |
| *Past, Present and Future*
(1973) ***Modern Times***
(1975) *Year of the Cat*
(1976) | |
|  | |
| Alternative cover | |
|  | |
| U.S. cover | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Pelargonium peltatum

abstract: Pelargonium peltatum is a scrambling perennial plant with five shallow or deeply lobed, circular- to heart-shaped, somewhat fleshy leaves, sometimes with a differently coloured semicircular band, that has been assigned to the cranesbill family. It carries umbel-like inflorescences with 2–10, white to mauve, bilateral symmetrical flowers, each with a "spur" that is merged with the flower stalk. It is known by several common names including ivy-leaved pelargonium and cascading geranium. It is native to the Cape Provinces of South Africa. In its home range, it flowers year round but most vigorously from August to October.

text:
# Pelargonium peltatum

***Pelargonium peltatum*** is a scrambling perennial plant with five shallow or deeply lobed, circular- to heart-shaped, somewhat fleshy leaves, sometimes with a differently coloured semicircular band, that has been assigned to the cranesbill family. It carries umbel-like inflorescences with 2–10, white to mauve, bilateral symmetrical flowers, each with a "spur" that is merged with the flower stalk. It is known by several common names including **ivy-leaved pelargonium** and **cascading geranium**. It is native to the Cape Provinces of South Africa. In its home range, it flowers year round but most vigorously from August to October.

## Description

The ivy-leaved pelargonium is a perennial plant that scrambles over the surrounding vegetation and its somewhat succulent, slender and smooth, 3–10 mm (0.12–0.40 in) thick stems can grow to a length of about 2 m (7 ft).

The leaves are alternately arranged along the stem, but sometimes seem to be opposite. The leaves have broad oval to triangular stipules of about 7 mm (0.28 in) long and 4 mm (0.16 in) wide, a leaf stalk of ½–5½ cm (0.2–2.2 in) long, and a hairy or hairless, green to greyish green, sometimes with a differently colored semicircular band, more of less fleshy, circular to heart-shaped in outline, on average 3 cm (1.2 in) long and 5 cm (2.0 in) wide (full range 1–6¾ cm × 1¾–8¾ cm). The leaf blade has five shallow or deeper sharp or blunt tipped lobes that spread radially from a point with an entire margin.

### Flowers

The umbel-like inflorescences sit atop a stalk of about 6½ cm (2.6 in) long (full range 4–8½ cm) covered with long soft hairs to hairless. At the top of the inflorescence stalk are long, softly hairy, oval to lance-shaped bracts of about 3 mm (0.12 in) long and 2 mm (0.08 in) wide, which subtend two to ten scentless flowers, each on a long softly hairy flower stalk of 1¾–5 mm (0.07–0.20 in) long. The long, softly hairy floral tube, which is somewhat difficult to distinguish from the flower stalk, is on average 3 cm (1.2 in) long (full range 2–4¼ cm). The five free, purple to light green sepals are lance-shaped, covered in long, soft hairy on the surface facing out, on average 11 mm (0.44 in) long (full range 7½–14 mm). The five free petals are spade-shaped, and whitish, pale pink, pinkish mauve or mauve in colour.

The two upper petals sometimes have purple markings, curve back at an approximate angle of 90° and are on average 21 mm (0.85 in) long and 9 mm (0.35 in) wide (full range 15–27 mm × 6–12 mm). The three lower petals curve back slightly and are on average 17 mm (0.65 in) long and 6 mm (0.25 in) wide (full range 13½–21 mm × 3½–7½ mm). The ten filaments are merged into a tube of about 2 mm (0.08 in) long, the free parts of the filaments varying in length within the same flower, between 2 and 11 mm (0.08–0.45 in) long. Only five to seven of the filaments carry a purple, about 2 mm long anther, even in freshly opened flowers (anthers are quickly lost), the upper two on much shorter filaments.

The woolly hairy ovary is about 4 mm (0.16 in) long that is topped by a hairy or hairless, about 5 mm (0.2 in) long style that carries five stigmas of about 3 mm (0.12 in) long. These female floral parts develop into a dry splitting fruit, the five parts each consisting of an approximately 7 mm (0.28 in) long, roughly hairy oval base and an about 3 cm (1.2 in) long tail. The bases of these mericarps each contain one hairless, brown, ellipse-shaped seed of about 5 mm long and 2 mm in diameter.

*P. peltatum* has nine homologous sets of chromosomes (2x=18).

## Taxonomy

The ivy-leaved pelargonium was first described by Carl Linnaeus, based on a specimen that was growing in the garden of George Clifford III, in his 1753 groundbreaking book *Species Plantarum*, and he named it *Geranium peltatum*. When Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle erected a new genus, *Pelargonium*, in William Aiton’s book *Hortus Kewensis*, published in 1789, he reassigned the species and made the new combination *P. peltatum*. Later, in 1792, L'Héritier also described a comparable form and named it *Pelargonium lateripes*. In 1796, the English botanist Richard Anthony Salisbury renamed *P. lateripes* to *P. hederaefolium*, which is therefore a superfluous name. Henry Cranke Andrews in the first volume of his monography of the genus *Geranium*, that was published in 1805, distinguished *P. peltatum* var. *variegatum*, as well as *G. hederinum* var. *flore albo* and var. *variegatum*. In volume 2 that came out in 1806, he added *P. peltatum* var. *superbum* and *G. hederinum* var. *zonales*. In his study *Geraniaceae*, Robert Sweet, described two forms that he called *P. scutellatum* and *P. pinquifolium*, although he suggested the latter may have been a hybrid. In 1824, Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in his magnum opus *Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis* described *P. lateripes* var. *albomarginatum* and var. *walneri*, as well as *P. peltatum* var. *zonatum*. In the same year, Johann Centurius Hoffmannsegg made a description of *P. glabrum*. Sweet described in 1826 three more forms in his *Hortus Brittanicus*, which he named *P. lateripes* var. *roseus*, var. *viridifolium* and var. *zonation*. In 1835, Christian Friedrich Ecklon and Karl Ludwig Philipp Zeyher created a new genus, *Dibrachya*, which they had based on the section that Sweet had erected earlier, and made the new combinations *D. peltata*, *D. scutellata* and *D. clypeata*. Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel moved the latter to *Pelargonium* creating *P. clypeatum*. William Henry Harvey in the 1860 *Flora Capensis* made the new combinations *P. peltatum* var. *scutellatum*, var. *clypeatum* and var. *glabrum*. Jean Baptiste Saint-Lager changed the name of *P. lateripes* to *P. lateripedatum*, a superfluous name in 1880. In 1890, Robert Brown (R.Br.ter) described *P. saxifragoides*. Otto Kuntze erected the genus *Geraniospermum* and made the new combination *Geraniospermum peltatum* in 1891. As part of his extensive 1912 treatment of several plant families, Reinhard Gustav Paul Knuth described a form from Pondoland as *P. bachmannii*.

Maria Olivier and J.J.A. van der Walt in 1984 considered the ivy-leaved pelargonium a pluriform species which includes plants that differ in the degree of succulence of the stems and leaves, the shape (circular or heart-shaped), the deepness of the incisions between the lobes, and the presence of a differently colored band in the leafblade. They conclude that several names correspond to garden hybrids, i.e. *P. hederinum* and its varieties *flore albo*, *variegatum* and *zonale*, *P. lateripes* var. *roseum*, *viridiflorum* and *zonation*, *P. peltatum* var. *superbum* and var. *variegatum*, *P. saxifragoides* and finally *P. pinquifolium*. The identity of *P. glabrum* and *P. bachmannii* could not be determined because a type could not be identified. The remaining forms all grade into each other, so these cannot be upheld as separate taxa and are all synonyms of *P. peltatum*.

*Pelargonium peltatum* has been assigned to the section *Ciconium*. A study comparing homologous DNA indicates that the members of a group consisting of *P. acraeum*, *P. ranunculophyllum*, *P. alchemilloides*, *P. multibracteatum*, *P. tongaense*, *P. barklyi*, *P. articulatum*, *P. frutetorum*, *P. inquinans*, *P. acetosum*, *P. zonale*, *P. aridum*, *“P. socotrana”*, *P. quinquelobatum* and *P. peltatum* are most closely related.

The scientific name of the species *peltatum* is derived from the Latin word *pelta*, a small crescent-shaped shield, and means "shield-bearing", a reference to the shield-like leaves, since the leaf stalk is attached to the centre of the leaf blade. The common name in Afrikaans is "kolsuring" (meaning cabbage sorrel) and refers to acid sap of the plant.

## Distribution, habitat and ecology

The ivy-leaved pelargonium natural distribution consists of parts of the Western Cape, Eastern Cape, Kwazulu-Natal and Mpumalanga provinces of South Africa. The species has escaped cultivation in climates somewhat comparable to South Africa including in California, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Honduras, Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands, Spain and the Canary Islands, Portugal and the Azores Islands, France, Italy and Greece. It may behave rather weedy.

In the wild, it clambers over shrubs on dry rocky hillsides or along the coast on well-drained soils.

The caterpillars of the common geranium bronze (*Cacyreus marshalli*), of Dickson's geranium bronze (*C. dicksoni*), and of the water bronze (*C. tespis*) eat the stems of pelargonium species. Carpenter bees may be important pollinators as these frequent the flowers.

## Conservation

The ivy-leaved pelargonium is considered a species of least concern because of its large distribution and stable population.

## Cultivation

In 1700, Willem Adriaan van der Stel, Governor of the Cape Colony, introduced the ivy-leaved pelargonium to the Netherlands. Sir Francis Masson shipped the species to Great Britain in 1774. *P. peltatum* has been used to develop many garden hybrids that are called "ivy-leaved pelargoniums". The species and its hybrids can be very easily propagated through taking cuttings. It grows best on well drained substrates such as sandy or loamy soils, is not sensitive to soil acidity and is drought resistant, but it neither tolerates shading nor frost. The ivy-leaved pelargonium is cultivated on a large-scale for landscaping and as an ornamental plant for use in gardens and containers, as well as being used as a houseplant.

## Uses

The leaves of the ivy-leaved pelargonium can be eaten as a vegetable and have a tangy taste. A bluish textile dye can be made from the petals.

## InfoBox

| *Pelargonium peltatum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Geraniales |
| Family: | Geraniaceae |
| Genus: | *Pelargonium* |
| Species: | ***P. peltatum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pelargonium peltatum***<br>(L.) L'Hér. ex Aiton | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Geranium peltatum*, *Dibrachia peltata*, *Geraniospermum peltatum* * *P. lateripes* auct. mult., non L'Hér. * *P. scutellatum*, *D. scutata*, *P. peltatum* var. *scutatum* * *P. peltatum* var. *zonatum* * *D. clypeata*, *P. clypeata*, *P. peltatum* var. *clypeatum* * *P. peltatum* var. *glabrum* | |


title: Four Presidents Corners

abstract: Four Presidents Corners is the quadripoint where the borders of four townships named for the third, fourth, fifth, and seventh American presidents meet in Allen County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The townships are Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe, and Jackson.

text:
# Four Presidents Corners

**Four Presidents Corners** is the quadripoint where the borders of four townships named for the third, fourth, fifth, and seventh American presidents meet in Allen County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The townships are Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe, and Jackson.

## Monument

A monument at the rural intersection of Maples and Sampson roads in Monroe Township was constructed to mark the point and opened on September 22, 1917. The ceremony included a speech by Congressman Louis W. Fairfield. A flagpole was once part of the site. There were also proposals to include a cannon. The Four Presidents Corners Historical Society raised funds to restore the Four Presidents Corners Monument for the centennial of its dedication, with the work conducted in 2015. The name is used for the neighborhood around the monument.

While there are numerous quadripoints in the United States, for example, three Indiana county quadripoints (Starke/Marshall/Pulaski/Fulton; Porter/LaPorte/Jasper/Starke; DeKalb/LaGrange/Noble/Steuben) none are named for presidents and memorialized such as this one.

## InfoBox

| Four Presidents Corners | |
| --- | --- |
| Four presidents CornersFour presidents Corners | |
| Coordinates: 41°00′28.5″N 84°52′57.3″W / 41.007917°N 84.882583°W / 41.007917; -84.882583 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Indiana |
| County | Allen County |
| Township | Monroe |
| Elevation | 768 ft (234 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| GNIS feature ID | 434721 |


title: John Connolly (FBI)

abstract: John Joseph Connolly Jr. is an American former FBI agent who was convicted of racketeering, obstruction of justice and murder charges stemming from his relationship with Boston mobsters James "Whitey" Bulger, Steve Flemmi and the Winter Hill Gang. State and federal authorities had been trying to imprison Bulger for years, but he evaded capture until 2011. As the FBI handler for Bulger and Flemmi, Connolly had been protecting them from prosecution by supplying Bulger with information about possible attempts to catch them. Connolly was indicted on December 22, 1999, on charges of alerting Bulger and Flemmi to investigations, falsifying FBI reports to cover their crimes and accepting bribes. In 2000, Connolly was charged with additional racketeering-related offenses. He was convicted in 2002 and sentenced to ten years in federal prison. In 2008, he was convicted on state charges of second-degree murder in Florida and sentenced to forty years in prison. He was released from federal prison on June 28, 2011, and transferred to the Florida State Prison to serve the remainder of his sentence for his 2008 conviction. In April 2020, Connolly asked to be allowed to serve the remainder of his sentence on home confinement due to fears of contracting COVID-19, citing a 2018 federal law allowing for compassionate release under "extraordinary" circumstances, such as age, health and other critical factors. A Florida judge initially declined to order his release, but Connolly was later granted a medical release on February 17, 2021.

text:
# John Connolly (FBI)

**John Joseph Connolly Jr.** (born August 1, 1940) is an American former FBI agent who was convicted of racketeering, obstruction of justice and murder charges stemming from his relationship with Boston mobsters James "Whitey" Bulger, Steve Flemmi and the Winter Hill Gang.

State and federal authorities had been trying to imprison Bulger for years, but he evaded capture until 2011. As the FBI handler for Bulger and Flemmi, Connolly (who was previously neighbors with Bulger's family in the Old Harbor Housing Project) had been protecting them from prosecution by supplying Bulger with information about possible attempts to catch them. Connolly was indicted on December 22, 1999, on charges of alerting Bulger and Flemmi to investigations, falsifying FBI reports to cover their crimes and accepting bribes.

In 2000, Connolly was charged with additional racketeering-related offenses. He was convicted in 2002 and sentenced to ten years in federal prison. In 2008, he was convicted on state charges of second-degree murder in Florida and sentenced to forty years in prison. He was released from federal prison on June 28, 2011, and transferred to the Florida State Prison to serve the remainder of his sentence for his 2008 conviction.

In April 2020, Connolly asked to be allowed to serve the remainder of his sentence on home confinement due to fears of contracting COVID-19, citing a 2018 federal law allowing for compassionate release under "extraordinary" circumstances, such as age, health and other critical factors. A Florida judge initially declined to order his release, but Connolly was later granted a medical release on February 17, 2021.

## Early life

John Joseph Connolly Jr. is the namesake and son of an Irish immigrant, John Connolly Sr. of Maigh Cuilinn in County Galway, a Gillette employee for fifty years. His mother, Bridget T. Connolly (née Kelly), was a housewife. The Connolly family lived in the Old Harbor Housing Project in Boston, Massachusetts, the first public housing project in New England, until John Jr. was twelve years old. The Bulger family, residing a few doors down, had lived in the project since its New Deal creation in 1938; other residents included future U.S. Representative Joseph Moakley, and Francis "Buddy" Leonard, who would later be allegedly murdered by Bulger in 1975 during his violent takeover of Boston's underworld.

Connolly admired his neighbor William "Billy" Bulger, six years his senior; he did not meet Billy's older brother, James "Whitey" Bulger, until he was eight years old. The nineteen-year-old Whitey, who was already notorious as the leader of the Mercer Street gang, bought the other neighborhood boys ice cream and convinced an awestruck Connolly to accept the treat. Later that same year, Connolly found himself outnumbered in a skirmish over a ball with some older boys. According to Connolly, Bulger came along and chased the bullies away.

In 1952, Connolly's family moved to the City Point neighborhood of South Boston. John Jr. was able to attend Columbus High School, a Catholic high school in the Italian North End neighborhood. His younger brother, James, who also later sought a career in law enforcement, joined the Drug Enforcement Administration's New England Division based in Boston.

## Education

Connolly attended Boston College with the encouragement of Billy Bulger, and after graduation took classes at Suffolk University Law School. He later earned a graduate degree in Public Administration from Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government. After completing his studies, Connolly worked as a teacher at South Boston High School and at Dorchester High School.

Acting again on the advice of Billy Bulger, by now a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, Connolly sought out career opportunities in law enforcement. In 1968 he met with H. Paul Rico's FBI partner, Special Agent Dennis Condon, and Boston Police Department Detective Edward Walsh, an old friend of the Connolly family. Both Condon and Walsh would later brag that they had "recruited" Connolly. Ironically, Condon, who was Connolly's FBI supervisor, had approached Whitey Bulger in the early 1970's, with little result. Because of their neighborhood ties, Connolly would prove to have the inside track with Bulger that Condon did not.

## FBI career

On August 1, 1968, U.S. House Speaker John W. McCormack wrote a personal note to J. Edgar Hoover on behalf of a constituent. The letter began, "Dear Edgar, It has come to my attention that the son of a lifelong personal friend has applied to become a special agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation ..."\[17\] Connolly was appointed to the FBI in October 1968. FBI Supervisor John M. Morris, who would also later face charges of corruption, was Connolly's supervisor during much of Connolly's time working for the FBI.

Connolly began his FBI career in the Baltimore and San Francisco field offices before being transferred to New York City. He wanted to return to Boston to be closer to his ailing father. A year after he arrested Mafioso Frank Salemme, the FBI transferred Connolly to its Boston field office in the John F. Kennedy Federal Building in 1973.

In 1980, he moved to 48 Thomas Park in the Dorchester Heights neighborhood, across the street from South Boston High School. During his career in the FBI, Connolly investigated organized crime. He was one of the primary agents involved in developing the Top Echelon Criminal Informants Program in New England. Over the span of his career he received eight commendations from every Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, from J. Edgar Hoover through L. Patrick Gray, William Ruckelshaus, Clarence M. Kelley, James B. Adams, William H. Webster, John Otto, and William S. Sessions. Through his second marriage, he was the brother-in-law of Arthur Gianelli, a racketeer who was later indicted with Joe "Joey Y" Yerardi, who oversaw Johnny Martorano's criminal operations when Martorano was a federal fugitive in Florida between 1978 and 1995.

In 1989, the DEA was probing the Winter Hill Gang for suspected drug trafficking. The DEA was aware that a former roommate and John's brother James both worked for the DEA. As an FBI supervisor later noted in a memo, the head of the DEA's Boston office "quietly changed the duties of both these DEA special agents so they would not become aware of this matter."

Boston FBI Special Agent Robert Fitzpatrick said:

> Connolly just became a force unto himself, a vortex in a constantly changing system. He stayed put as new agents in charge came and went. And he could take care of other agents. He became the guy who could get you sports tickets. He could help you get a day off through the secretaries. He made no secret that he could help you get a job after retirement through Billy Bulger. But he wasn't that much of an agent. He couldn't write a report. He was no administrator. He was just this brassy bullshit artist. We enabled him to some extent. No one had the stomach for examining what he was up to. We just never came to grips with that guy.

Connolly's dapper, even flashy, appearance meant he stood out as an FBI agent. Bulger poked fun at his foppishness; referring to Connolly as "Elvis" because of his perfectly combed hair.

Before he was brought up on criminal charges, Connolly was mentioned in Gerard O'Neill and Dick Lehr's crime fiction book, *The Underboss: The Rise & Fall of a Mafia Family* (1989), which followed the FBI's campaign against Gennaro Angiulo with Connolly, John Morris, and a team of fellow FBI agents.

## Personal life

Connolly's first wife, Marianne Lockary, was his childhood sweetheart whom he married as he neared graduation from Suffolk University Law School. In January 1982, he and Lockary, who cited an "irretrievable breakdown" of their marriage after a four-year separation, divorced. In 1988, Connolly married Elizabeth L. Moore, a court stenographer who worked at the FBI headquarters at Government Center, Boston.

Connolly had no children with his first wife but fathered three sons with his second wife, Elizabeth. His sister-in-law Mary Ann Moore is married to Arthur Gianelli. Gianelli and Connolly purchased adjoining properties in Lynnfield, Massachusetts, from Rocco Botta, a reputed Mafia extortionist. Their adjacent homes were built by Thomas F. Tuffo, the real estate partner of Kevin P. O'Neil, who the FBI claimed was a long-time money launderer and enforcer for Bulger and Flemmi.

## Meeting Flemmi and Bulger

Connolly first met with FBI informants Stephen Flemmi and Whitey Bulger at a coffee shop in Newton, Massachusetts. Louis Litif, one of the top bookmakers and a Winter Hill Gang mob associate, was one of Connolly's handball partners at the Boston Athletic Club. Bulger nicknamed Connolly "Zip" because the lawman shared the same South Boston ZIP Code as the Bulger clan.

He occasionally lectured FBI agents at the FBI Academy in Quantico, Virginia on informant development tactics and techniques and was a member of the Boston FBI's Organized Crime Squad. Retired FBI Special Agent Joseph D. Pistone wrote in the book, *The Ceremony*, "The reign of the Patriarca Family is virtually ended. A substantial amount of the credit for the demise of that mob Family must be given to one man, Special Agent John Connolly." Connolly retired from the FBI honorably in 1990 and accepted the position of Director of Security/Public affairs for Boston Edison, from former Boston FBI Special Agent John Kehoe.

## Murder trial, conviction, and sentencing

In 2005, Connolly was indicted on murder and conspiracy to commit murder charges in the 1982 slaying of John B. Callahan and the 1981 murder of Roger Wheeler, owner of the World Jai Alai sporting corporation. Connolly stood trial in 2008 in Miami, Florida. Callahan was murdered by John Martorano, who left the corpse in the trunk of a Cadillac in a Miami International Airport parking lot.

Prosecutors alleged that Callahan was killed on the orders of Whitey Bulger and Stephen Flemmi, after Connolly told them that the FBI was investigating Callahan's ties to the Winter Hill Gang in their ongoing investigation into Wheeler's death. Martorano had killed Wheeler in Tulsa, Oklahoma, in May 1981.

During the trial, Bulger associates Flemmi, Martorano, and Kevin Weeks testified for the prosecution detailing Connolly's ties to Bulger and Flemmi. Flemmi testified that he and Bulger paid Connolly $235,000 over the years, but started cutting his payments in the late 1980s after he started attracting attention through too many luxury purchases, including a boat. IRS special agent Sandra Lemansky testified that during the 1980s Connolly bought a 27-foot Sea Ray for $46,567; a South Boston condo for $63,000, with a $12,000 down payment; a Brewster condo for $80,000, with a $15,000 down payment; land in Chatham for $98,000; and then built a house on the Chatham property for $132,000. During the 1980s, Connolly's annual FBI salary started at $45,000 and gradually increased to $65,000, she said. Denise Taiste, an FBI employee who worked as an assistant to Connolly in 1988 testified that on one occasion when he was not in the office, Connolly instructed her to leave his paycheck in his desk. Taiste admitted that she looked at the check, which was for $2,078.61, then opened the middle drawer of his desk and saw about 10 more uncashed checks inside.

Bulger's former girlfriend, Theresa Stanley, testified for the defense about her travels with Bulger. Flemmi testified that Connolly warned them that the FBI wanted to question Callahan in the death of Wheeler, and that Callahan "wouldn't hold up" and would probably implicate them. Also testifying against Connolly was his former FBI superior, John Morris, who admitted that he had accepted $7,000 in bribes from Bulger and Flemmi. Morris stated that he began leaking information to them after Connolly delivered a case of wine and an envelope stuffed with $1,000 cash from the pair.

Former U.S. Attorney and current U.S. District Senior Judge Edward F. Harrington testified for the defense, stating that Connolly was a star agent who was credited with using informants to help weaken the New England Mafia.

On November 6, 2008, a jury convicted Connolly of second-degree murder. According to the prosecutors, Connolly faced a possible sentence of 30 years to life in prison. Sentencing was postponed until January 2009, while Circuit Judge Stanford Blake considered a motion by the defense to dismiss the case. The defense argued that in Florida, when Connolly was convicted, the statute of limitations had expired for second-degree murder.

On January 15, 2009, Judge Blake sentenced Connolly to 40 years in prison, saying that Connolly "crossed over to the dark side." The judge agreed with the defense's argument involving the statute of limitations but noted that their motion was past the deadline for such motions. The judge accepted the prosecutors' argument that Connolly abused his badge and deserved more than the 30-year minimum. The 40-year state sentence runs consecutively with the 10-year federal sentence.

Connolly served his time in FCI Butner Low facility at the Federal Correctional Complex, Butner, North Carolina. He was released from federal custody on June 28, 2011, and was transferred to a Florida state prison to serve his 40-year state sentence. Connolly has stated that he had nothing to do with the Callahan murder. With Bulger's capture on June 24, 2011, Connolly's attorney said his client would appeal if Bulger corroborated Connolly's claim of innocence.

On May 28, 2014, Connolly's murder conviction was overturned by a panel of Florida's Third District Court of Appeal by a vote of 2–1. The panel held that since Connolly did not "carry or discharge the gun that was used to kill John Callahan in South Florida", it was not appropriate to convict him of murder. On July 29, 2015, the full court en banc reinstated Connolly's murder conviction by a vote of 6–4, finding that the conviction was legally proper, even though he was on Cape Cod when Martorano killed Callahan. Judge Leslie B. Rothenberg, who had been the lone vote for conviction in the earlier hearing, wrote, "It now no longer matters whether the defendant hired (procured) a hit man, turned to his mob friends to murder Callahan, served as a lookout, provided the gun, or pulled the trigger himself, he is a principal in the first degree." Under Florida sentencing guidelines, Connolly was required to serve at least one-third of his sentence before becoming eligible for parole.

Connolly was paroled from prison in Florida in 2021 without objection from Callahan's widow after prison officials learned he was gravely ill and possibly had only another year to live. He returned to Massachusetts, but will remain under supervision until 2047. Despite his convictions, Connolly retained and continues to receive pension benefits from his service as a Federal agent.

## InfoBox

| John Connolly | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | John Joseph Connolly Jr.
(1940-08-01) August 1, 1940
Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Occupation(s) | Former FBI agent, former private security |
| Criminal status | Released from prison in February 2021 on medical grounds |
| Spouses | *   Marianne Lockary  (m. 1970; div. 1982) *   Elizabeth L. Moore (m. 1988) |
| Children | 3 (with Moore) |
|  | |
| Conviction(s) | Federal: 2002
State: November 6, 2008 |
| Criminal charge | Federal: racketeering
State: second-degree murder |
| Penalty | Federal: 10 years in prison
State: 40 years in prison |
|  | |


title: Rick Chafe

abstract: Rick Chafe is a Canadian playwright from Winnipeg, Manitoba. He is most noted for his play The Secret Mask, which was a shortlisted finalist for the Governor General's Award for English-language drama at the 2014 Governor General's Awards. His other plays have included Zac and Speth, The Last Man and Woman on Earth, Marriage: A Demolition in Two Acts, adaptations of Homer's The Odyssey and Leon Rooke's Shakespeare's Dog, and a collaboration with Danny Schur on the musical Strike!.

text:
# Rick Chafe

**Rick Chafe** is a Canadian playwright from Winnipeg, Manitoba. He is most noted for his play *The Secret Mask*, which was a shortlisted finalist for the Governor General's Award for English-language drama at the 2014 Governor General's Awards.

His other plays have included *Zac and Speth*, *The Last Man and Woman on Earth*, *Marriage: A Demolition in Two Acts*, adaptations of Homer's *The Odyssey* and Leon Rooke's *Shakespeare's Dog*, and a collaboration with Danny Schur on the musical *Strike!*.


title: Martam–Rumtek Assembly constituency

abstract: Martam–Rumtek Assembly constituency is one of the 32 assembly constituencies of Sikkim a north east state of India. Martam-Rumtek is part of Sikkim Lok Sabha constituency. This Constituency is reserved for Scheduled Tribes.

text:
# Martam–Rumtek Assembly constituency

**Martam–Rumtek Assembly constituency** is one of the 32 assembly constituencies of Sikkim a north east state of India. Martam-Rumtek is part of Sikkim Lok Sabha constituency. This Constituency is reserved for Scheduled Tribes (ST: Bhutia, Lepcha and Sherpa).

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

| Election | Member | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2009 | Menlom Lepcha |  | Sikkim Democratic Front |
| 2014 | Mechung Bhutia |  | Sikkim Krantikari Morcha |
| 2019 | Dorjee Tshering Lepcha |  | Sikkim Democratic Front |
| 2019 by-election | Sonam Venchungpa |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2024 | |  | Sikkim Krantikari Morcha |

## Election results

### Assembly Election 2024

2024 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election : Martam–Rumtek
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **SKM** | **Sonam Tshering Venchungpa** | **8,070** | **54.01%** | ***New*** |
|  | SDF | Mechung Bhutia | 5,308 | 35.53% | 18.93 |
|  | BJP | Chewang Dadul Bhutia | 705 | 4.72% | 61.57 |
|  | Citizen Action Party-Sikkim | Karma Tshering Bhutia | 637 | 4.26% | *New* |
|  | NOTA | None of the Above | 132 | 0.88% | 0.36 |
|  | INC | Ganga Lepcha | 89 | 0.60% | *New* |
| Margin of victory | | | 2,762 | 18.49% | 31.20 |
| Turnout | | | 14,941 | 83.73% | 11.01 |
| Registered electors | | | 17,844 |  | 4.84 |
|  | SKM **gain** from BJP | | Swing | 12.27 |  |

### Assembly by-election 2019

In 2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, Dorjee Tshering Lepcha (D. T. Lepcha) of former ruling SDF won in both Gnathang-Machong and Martam-Rumtek constituencies, so he relinquished Martam-Rumtek seat.

In the by-election, ruling SKM didn't send its candidate to Martam-Rumtek. Meanwhile, former SKM candidate Sonam Tshering Venchungpa moved to opposition BJP, and SKM supported him. In addition, D. T. Lepcha had already moved to BJP in August. Former ruling SDF participated in the Sikkim Legislative Assembly election as the opposition for the first time in 25 years. Opposition SRP sent its candidate to Martam-Rumtek for the first time. Opposition INC boycotted this by-election.

As the result, Sonam Tshering Venchungpa of BJP defeated his nearest rival Nuk Tshering Bhutia of SDF.

2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly by-election: Martam–Rumtek
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **BJP** | **Sonam Venchungpa** | **8,204** | **66.28%** | **60.44** |
|  | SDF | Nuk Tshering Bhutia | 2,054 | 16.60% | 28.81 |
|  | HSP | Nima Lepcha | 1,235 | 9.98% | *New* |
|  | Independent | Mechung Bhutia | 439 | 3.55% | *New* |
|  | Independent | Passang Gyali Sherpa | 272 | 2.20% | *New* |
|  | SRP | Mingma Tshering Sherpa | 173 | 1.40% | *New* |
|  | NOTA | None of the Above | 154 | 1.24% | 0.39 |
| Margin of victory | | | 6,150 | 49.69% | 49.16 |
| Turnout | | | 12,377 | 72.72% | 8.30 |
| Registered electors | | | 17,020 |  | 0.27 |
|  | BJP **gain** from SDF | | Swing | 20.88 |  |

### Assembly election 2019

2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election: Martam–Rumtek
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **SDF** | **Dorjee Tshering Lepcha** | **6,244** | **45.40%** | **0.86** |
|  | SKM | Sonam Venchungpa | 6,171 | 44.87% | 5.37 |
|  | BJP | Jigdal Chewang Bhutia | 804 | 5.85% | *New* |
|  | HSP | Nima Lepcha | 183 | 1.33% | *New* |
|  | Independent | Gyaltsen Bhutia | 121 | 0.88% | *New* |
|  | NOTA | None of the Above | 118 | 0.86% | *New* |
|  | INC | Sonam Tshering Bhutia | 112 | 0.81% | 0.70 |
| Margin of victory | | | 73 | 0.53% | 3.44 |
| Turnout | | | 13,753 | 81.02% | 2.04 |
| Registered electors | | | 16,975 |  | 16.97 |
|  | SDF **gain** from SKM | | Swing | 4.84 |  |

### Assembly election 2014

2014 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election: Martam–Rumtek
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **SKM** | **Mechung Bhutia** | **6,055** | **50.24%** | ***New*** |
|  | SDF | Menlom Lepcha | 5,576 | 46.26% | 17.78 |
|  | NOTA | None of the Above | 239 | 1.98% | *New* |
|  | INC | Sonam Tshering Bhutia | 183 | 1.52% | 28.81 |
| Margin of victory | | | 479 | 3.97% | 29.74 |
| Turnout | | | 12,053 | 83.06% | 2.24 |
| Registered electors | | | 14,512 |  |  |
|  | SKM **gain** from SDF | | Swing | 13.81 |  |

### Assembly election 2009

2009 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election: Martam–Rumtek
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **SDF** | **Menlom Lepcha** | **6,392** | **64.04%** | ***New*** |
|  | INC | Rinzing Namgyal | 3,027 | 30.33% | *New* |
|  | BJP | Nima Lepcha | 336 | 3.37% | *New* |
|  | Independent | Sonam Tashi Bhutia | 117 | 1.17% | *New* |
|  | Sikkim Gorkha Party | Bindu Lepcha | 68 | 0.68% | *New* |
| Margin of victory | | | 3,365 | 33.71% |  |
| Turnout | | | 9,981 | 85.29% |  |
| Registered electors | | | 11,702 |  |  |
|  | SDF **win** (new seat) | | | | |

27°15′43″N 88°33′18″E / 27.262°N 88.555°E / 27.262; 88.555

## InfoBox

| Martam-Rumtek | |
| --- | --- |
| Constituency for the Sikkim Legislative Assembly | |
| Constituency details | |
| Country | India |
| Region | Northeast India |
| State | Sikkim |
| District | Gangtok |
| LS constituency | Sikkim |
| Established | 2008 |
| Reservation | BL |
| Member of Legislative Assembly | |
| 11th Sikkim Legislative Assembly | |
| **Incumbent**  **Sonam Venchungpa** | |
| Party | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| Elected year | 2019 |