title: Robin's Wish

abstract: Robin's Wish is a 2020 American documentary film directed by Tylor Norwood. The film offers a look into the life and final days of Robin Williams, and how his struggles with diffuse Lewy body disease impacted his acting career and contributed to his death by suicide. The film was produced by Ben Sinclair, executive produced by physician and journalist, Shoshana R. Ungerleider and released digitally and on-demand on September 1, 2020.

text:
# Robin's Wish

***Robin's Wish*** is a 2020 American documentary film directed by Tylor Norwood. The film offers a look into the life and final days of Robin Williams, and how his struggles with diffuse Lewy body disease impacted his acting career and contributed to his death by suicide. The film was produced by Ben Sinclair, executive produced by physician and journalist, Shoshana R. Ungerleider and released digitally and on-demand on September 1, 2020.

## Background

Robin Williams' widow, Susan Schneider Williams, chose the film's title, and approached director Tylor Norwood to make the film. Initially resistant, Norwood said he wanted to help people "understand the pain \[Williams\] felt as his talents and faculties rapidly slipped away" and he hopes the film "rights a wrong that was done to him, and takes away a cloud that has unjustly hung over his legacy for far too long." Interviews include Susan Williams and Shawn Levy (who directed Williams in the *Night at the Museum* series), as well as John R. Montgomery and David E. Kelley, who both worked with Williams on the TV series *The Crazy Ones*.

## Reception

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 90%, based on 58 reviews, with an average rating of 7.2/10. The site's critics consensus reads: "*Robin's Wish* offers an emotional look at the end of a life suddenly cut short—and pays warm tribute to the brilliant legacy that was left behind." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 73 out of 100, based on 13 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Frank Scheck of *The Hollywood Reporter* called the film "a moving coda to a life ended much too soon" and wrote: "*Robin's Wish* suffers at times from its lack of objectivity. Williams' widow is clearly the project's driving force, with much of the story told from her perspective (his children, on the other hand, are not heard from at all). Nonetheless, the film, which incorporates testimony from several medical experts, fully succeeds in its admirable goal of using Williams' story to shed light on a disease with which many people were previously unfamiliar."

## InfoBox

| Robin's Wish | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional poster | |
| Directed by | Tylor Norwood |
| Produced by |  |
| Cinematography | Tylor Norwood |
| Edited by | Scott Fitzloff |
| Music by | Aaron Drake |
| Production<br>company | Quotable Pictures |
| Distributed by | Vertical Entertainment |
| Release date | * September 1, 2020 (2020-09-01) |
| Running time | 77 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Motions of no confidence in Spain

abstract: Motions of no confidence in Spain are a parliamentary procedure that allows the Congress of Deputies or a parliament of an autonomous community to withdraw its trust from the president of the Government of Spain or the president of the autonomous community, respectively, and force their resignation. In Spain, the motion of no confidence is constructive and continuist. The motion of no confidence against the President of the Government of Spain is established in article 113 of the Spanish Constitution of 1978. There have been a total of six motions of no confidence in the Congress of Deputies against the presidents Suárez (1980), González (1987), Rajoy, Sánchez. Only one of them was successful: the second motion of no confidence against Rajoy was approved on June 1, 2018 and the candidate Pedro Sánchez was invested as President of the Government. The motion of no confidence against the regional presidents is established in the respective autonomy statutes of the autonomous communities. A total of 31 motions of no confidence have been presented in the autonomous parliaments or in the autonomous cities, of which 9 were approved.

text:
# Motions of no confidence in Spain

**Motions of no confidence** in Spain are a parliamentary procedure that allows the Congress of Deputies or a parliament of an autonomous community to withdraw its trust from the president of the Government of Spain or the president of the autonomous community, respectively, and force their resignation.

In Spain, the motion of no confidence is constructive (as the authors of the motion need to propose a new Prime Minister) and continuist (as it doesn't lead to snap elections).

The motion of no confidence against the President of the Government of Spain is established in article 113 of the Spanish Constitution of 1978. There have been a total of six motions of no confidence in the Congress of Deputies against the presidents Suárez (1980), González (1987), Rajoy (2017 and 2018), Sánchez (2020, 2023). Only one of them was successful: the second motion of no confidence against Rajoy was approved on June 1, 2018 and the candidate Pedro Sánchez was invested as President of the Government.

The motion of no confidence against the regional presidents is established in the respective autonomy statutes of the autonomous communities. A total of 31 motions of no confidence have been presented in the autonomous parliaments or in the autonomous cities, of which 9 were approved.

## Procedure

Article 113 of the Spanish Constitution of 1978 and the Regulations of the Congress of Deputies establish the mode of operation of the motion of no confidence against the Prime Minister of Spain. It must be proposed by at least one-tenth of the members of the Congress of Deputies (currently 35), and it must include a candidate for the presidency of the Government of Spain.

After the presentation of the motion of no confidence, the Board of Congress must meet to qualify the motion, within a maximum period of 7 days from the presentation of the motion. Once qualified, a period of two days is opened to present alternative motions, which must also be signed by 35 deputies and include a candidate for the presidency of the Government. The debate on the motion or motions of no confidence in this case cannot begin until after said period has elapsed.

Next, the presidency of Congress calls the session of the motion of no confidence, within a maximum period of 20 days, unless the General State Budgets are being processed simultaneously, in which case said maximum period begins to count at the end of its processing. In the vote of the motion of no confidence, which cannot be held in any case until five days after its presentation, it is necessary to obtain an absolute majority of affirmative votes in the Congress of Deputies in order to succeed.

In Spain, following the German model, the motion of no confidence is constructive. The group that raises the motion of censure in turn proposes a new Prime Minister. It is also continuist; it does not imply the advancement of the elections but rather the electoral calendar continues unaltered. While the motion of no confidence is pending, the Prime Minister cannot dissolve the Congress of Deputies and call elections, in order to prevent the Prime Minister from avoiding their parliamentary responsibility by calling the polls. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Prime Minister may waive the motion of censure by resigning. In this case, the Prime Minister may continue as acting Prime Minister in office, without any possibility of being censured, but Congress is empowered to appoint a successor by simple majority at any time.

If the motion of no confidence is adopted, the Government must present its resignation to the King of Spain within 24 hours of its adoption. When the motion of censure is approved, it is understood that the Congress has granted confidence to the proposed candidate and the king must appoint them President of the Government within 15 days of its adoption, provided that the censured Government has already resigned, although it is customary to do so immediately. In the event that the motion of no confidence is not approved, those who have proposed it cannot present another within the same period of sessions.

## Motions of no confidence

To date, five motions of no confidence have been held at the national level and another twenty-four at the autonomous level, which are listed below:

### Congress of Deputies

| Date | Prime Minister | | | Candidate | | | Result
*(required to win)* | | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 30 May 1980 |  |  | Adolfo Suárez (UCD) |  |  | Felipe González (PSOE) | 152–166
*(176)* | Rejected |  |
| 30 Mar 1987 |  |  | Felipe González (PSOE) |  |  | Antonio Hernández Mancha (AP) | 67–194
*(176)* | Rejected |  |
| 14 Jun 2017 |  |  | Mariano Rajoy (PP) |  |  | Pablo Iglesias (Podemos) | 82–170
*(176)* | Rejected |  |
| 1 Jun 2018 |  |  | Mariano Rajoy (PP) |  |  | Pedro Sánchez (PSOE) | 180–169
*(176)* | Approved |  |
| 22 Oct 2020 |  |  | Pedro Sánchez (PSOE) |  |  | Santiago Abascal (Vox) | 52–298
*(176)* | Rejected |  |
| 22 Mar 2023 |  |  | Pedro Sánchez (PSOE) |  |  | Ramón Tamames (INDEP)
*Proposed by Vox* | 53–201
*(175)* | Rejected |  |

### Autonomous parliaments

The Balearic Islands and Andalusia are the only Autonomous communities where a motion of no confidence has never been proposed.

| Date | Autonomous
community | Regional president | | | Candidate | | | Result
*(required to win)* | | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 Oct 1982 | Catalonia |  |  | Jordi Pujol (CDC) |  |  | Josep Benet (PSUC) | 21–56
*(68)* | Rejected |  |
| 23 Sep 1987 | Galicia |  |  | Gerardo Fernández Albor (AP) |  |  | Fernando González Laxe (PSdG) | 40–29
*(36)* | Approved |  |
| 21 Jun 1989 | Community of Madrid |  |  | Joaquín Leguina (PSOE) |  |  | Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón (PP) | 48–40
*(49)* | Rejected |  |
| 8 Jan 1990 | La Rioja |  |  | Joaquín Espert (PP) |  |  | José Ignacio Pérez Sáenz (PSOE) | 17–13
*(17)* | Approved |  |
| 5 Dec 1990 | Cantabria |  |  | Juan Hormaechea (UPCA) |  |  | Jaime Blanco (PSOE) | 26–12
*(20)* | Approved |  |
| 31 Mar 1993 | Canary Islands |  |  | Jerónimo Saavedra (PSOE) |  |  | Manuel Hermoso (CC) | 31–23
*(31)* | Approved |  |
| 1 Jul 1993 | Cantabria |  |  | Juan Hormaechea (UPCA) |  |  | Jaime Blanco (PSOE) | 18–21
*(20)* | Rejected |  |
| 15 Sep 1993 | Aragon |  |  | Emilio Eiroa (PAR) |  |  | José Marco (PSOE) | 34–33
*(34)* | Approved |
 |
| 5 Jan 1994 | Cantabria |  |  | Juan Hormaechea (UPCA) |  |  | Jaime Blanco (PSOE) | 18–17
*(20)* | Rejected |  |
| 21 Dec 1994 | Aragon |  |  | José Marco (PSOE) |  |  | Emilio Eiroa (PAR) | 32–30
*(34)* | Rejected |  |
| 10 Mar 1999 | Asturias |  |  | Sergio Marqués (URAS) |  |  | Ovidio Sánchez (PP) | 16–6
*(23)* | Rejected |  |
| 5 Oct 2000 | Basque Country |  |  | Juan José Ibarretxe (PNV) |  |  | Nicolás Redondo (PSE–EE) | 32–29
*(38)* | Rejected |  |
| | | | | |  |  | Carlos Iturgaiz (PP) | 32–29
*(38)* | Rejected | |
| 29 Jan 2001 | Galicia |  |  | Manuel Fraga (PP) |  |  | Xosé Manuel Beiras (BNG) | 18–41
*(38)* | Rejected |  |
| 18 Oct 2001 | Catalonia |  |  | Jordi Pujol (CDC) |  |  | Pasqual Maragall (PSC) | 55–68
*(68)* | Rejected |  |
| 7 Nov 2001 | Canary Islands |  |  | Román Rodríguez (CC) |  |  | Juan Carlos Alemán (PSOE) | 19–39
*(31)* | Rejected |  |
| 12 Dec 2002 | Galicia |  |  | Manuel Fraga (PP) |  |  | Emilio Pérez Touriño (PSdeG) | 34–41
*(38)* | Rejected |  |
| | | | | |  |  | Xosé Manuel Beiras (BNG) | 34–41
*(38)* | Rejected | |
| *Withdrawn
11 Mar 2005* | Catalonia |  |  | Pasqual Maragall (PSC) |  |  | Josep Piqué (PP) |  | *Withdrawn* |  |
| 4 Oct 2006 | Valencian Community |  |  | Francisco Camps (PP) |  |  | Joan Ignasi Pla (PSPV) | 35–47
*(45)* | Rejected |  |
| 18 Apr 2013 | Navarre |  |  | Yolanda Barcina (UPN) |  |  | Juan Carlos Longás (AralarNaBai) | 18–23
*(26)* | Rejected |  |
| 14 May 2014 | Extremadura |  |  | José Antonio Monago (PP) |  |  | Guillermo Fernández Vara (PSOE) | 30–32
*(33)* | Rejected |  |
| *Withdrawn
4 Apr 2017* | Region of Murcia |  |  | Pedro Antonio Sánchez (PP) |  |  | Rafael González Tovar (PSOE) |  | ***Resigned*** |  |
| 8 Jun 2017 | Community of Madrid |  |  | Cristina Cifuentes (PP) |  |  | Lorena Ruiz-Huerta (Podemos) | 27–64
*(65)* | Rejected |  |
| *Withdrawn
25 Apr 2018* | Community of Madrid |  |  | Cristina Cifuentes (PP) |  |  | Ángel Gabilondo (PSOE) |  | ***Resigned*** |  |
| 7 Oct 2019 | Catalonia |  |  | Quim Torra (JuntsxCat) |  |  | Lorena Roldán (Cs) | 40–76
*(68)* | Rejected |  |
| *Dismissed
11 Mar 2021* | Community of Madrid |  |  | Isabel Díaz Ayuso (PP) |  |  | Mónica García (Más Madrid) |  | *Dismissed* |
 |
| | | | | |  |  | Ángel Gabilondo (PSOE) |  | *Dismissed* | |
| 18 Mar 2021 | Region of Murcia |  |  | Fernando López Miras (PP) |  |  | Ana Martínez Vidal (Cs) | 21–23
*(23)* | Rejected |  |
| 22 Mar 2021 | Castile and León |  |  | Alfonso Fernández Mañueco (PP) |  |  | Luis Tudanca (PSOE) | 37–41
*(41)* | Rejected |  |

### Autonomous cities

| Year | Autonomous city |  | Mayor-president | |  | Candidate | | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1998 | Melilla |  |  | Ignacio Velázquez Rivera (PP) |  |  | Alberto Paz Martínez (PSOE) | Rejected |  |
| | | | | |  |  | Enrique Palacios Hernández (PIM) | Approved |  |
| 1999 | Ceuta |  |  | Jesús Cayetano Fortes Ramos (PP) |  |  | Antonio Sampietro (GIL) | Approved |  |
| 2000 | Melilla |  |  | Mustafa Aberchán (CpM) |  |  | Juan José Imbroda (UPM-PP) | Approved |  |
| 2001 | Ceuta |  |  | Antonio Sampietro (GIL) |  |  | Juan Jesús Vivas (PP) | Approved |  |

1. "Sinopsis artículo 113 - Constitución Española". *app.congreso.es*. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
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8. Riveiro, Aitor; Ortiz, Alberto (22 March 2023). "Vox y Tamames fracasan en la moción de censura con la abstención del PP". *elDiario.es* (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 March 2023.
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18. González Ibáñez, Juan; Delgado, Jesús (6 January 1994). "Blanco fracasa en su intento de echar a Hormaechea". *El País* (in Spanish). Santander. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
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32. "La moción de censura decae y el PP retiene la Presidencia de la Comunidad de Madrid". *El Independiente* (in Spanish). 25 April 2018. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
33. Pi, Jaume (7 October 2019). "Fracasa la moción de censura de Cs a Torra con 76 votos en contra, 17 abstenciones y 40 apoyos". *La Vanguardia* (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 October 2021.
34. Pérez Mendoza, Sofía; Caballero, Fátima (10 March 2021). "La Mesa de la Asamblea de Madrid tramita las mociones de censura contra Ayuso y el PP acusa a su presidente de prevaricar". *elDiario.es* (in Spanish). Retrieved 25 March 2021.
35. "La Mesa de la Asamblea de Madrid acepta su disolución pero recurrirá el adelanto electoral". *Expansión* (in Spanish). 11 March 2021. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
36. "Fracasa la moción de censura de PSOE y Ciudadanos en Murcia" (in Spanish). Cartagena: Europa Press. 18 March 2021. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
37. Hernández, Marisol (22 March 2021). "El PSOE presenta una moción de censura en Castilla y León". *El Mundo* (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
38. "El Gobierno del PP de Melilla, pendiente de los juzgados". *www.elmundo.es*. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
39. "El Gobierno del PP de Melilla, pendiente de los juzgados". *www.elmundo.es*. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
40. "Sampietro, presidente de Ceuta al prosperar la moción de censura del GIL y Bermúdez". *www.elmundo.es*. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
41. Ramos, Toñy (2000-07-20). "Imbroda recibe el apoyo del Gobierno en su toma de posesión en Melilla". *El País* (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
42. Abad, Rocío (2001-02-11). "Juan Vivas pone fin a la presidencia del GIL en Ceuta ante Arenas y Posada". *El País* (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 2021-03-24.


title: Özgür Bayer

abstract: Özgür Bayer is a Turkish former football player.

text:
# Özgür Bayer

**Özgür Bayer** (born 4 April 1979 in Balıkesir, Turkey) is a Turkish former football player.

## InfoBox

Özgür Bayer
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Özgür Bayer | | |
| Date of birth | (1979-04-04) 4 April 1979 | | |
| Place of birth | Balıkesir, Turkey | | |
| Height | 1.79 m (5 ft 10+12 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Central defender | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1997–1998 | S. Linyitspor |  | (–) |
| 1998–1999 | Beylerbeyi |  | (–) |
| 1999–2000 | S. Linyitspor |  | (–) |
| 2000–2002 | Yimpaş Yozgatspor | 29 | (0) |
| 2002–2005 | Denizlispor | 67 | (0) |
| 2005–2006 | Trabzonspor | 10 | (0) |
| 2006 | Ankaraspor | 16 | (1) |
| 2006–2007 | Kayseri Erciyesspor | 23 | (0) |
| 2007–2008 | Gaziantepspor | 8 | (0) |
| 2008 | Kocaelispor | 4 | (0) |
| 2008–2009 | Ankaragücü | 12 | (0) |
| 2009–2010 | Giresunspor | 26 | (0) |
| 2010–2011 | Boluspor | 26 | (1) |
| 2011–2012 | Karşıyaka | 20 | (2) |
| 2012 | Denizlispor | 3 | (0) |
| 2013 | Adanaspor | 3 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 2004 | Turkey A2 | 3 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Mordellistena testacepennis

abstract: Mordellistena testacepennis is a species of beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae. It was described by Ermisch in 1955.

text:
# Mordellistena testacepennis

***Mordellistena testacepennis*** is a species of beetle in the genus *Mordellistena* of the family Mordellidae. It was described by Ermisch in 1955.

## InfoBox

| *Mordellistena testacepennis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Genus: | *Mordellistena* |
| Species: | ***M. testacepennis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordellistena testacepennis***<br>Ermisch, 1955 | |
|


title: Peter Knight (rugby union)

abstract: Peter Michael Knight was an English rugby union international. Knight was raised in Bristol and attended Bristol Cathedral School. Capped three times by England, Knight was called up to play fullback in the 1972 Five Nations, with the team looking for a successor to Bob Hiller. He featured in two of the matches and later took part in the mid-year tour of South Africa, where he played as a winger in the win over the Springboks at Ellis Park. Knight, who became a priest, played for Bristol and Gloucestershire.

text:
# Peter Knight (rugby union)

**Peter Michael Knight** (7 October 1947 - 4 October 2015) was an English rugby union international.

Knight was raised in Bristol and attended Bristol Cathedral School.

Capped three times by England, Knight was called up to play fullback in the 1972 Five Nations, with the team looking for a successor to Bob Hiller. He featured in two of the matches and later took part in the mid-year tour of South Africa, where he played as a winger in the win over the Springboks at Ellis Park.

Knight, who became a priest, played for Bristol and Gloucestershire.

## InfoBox

Peter Knight
| Full name | Peter Michael Knight |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1947-10-07)7 October 1947 |
| Place of birth | Bristol, England |
| Date of death | 4 October 2015(2015-10-04) (aged 67) |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)**  Fullback / Winger  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1972 England  3  (0) | |


title: John Patrick Kenneth Leahy

abstract: The Very Reverend John Patrick Kenneth Leahy, O.Carm. D.Ph. S.T.M. was a Roman Catholic priest, Prior of the Carmelite College of Pius XI, Assistant General and Procurator General of the Carmelite Order, and a Professor of Moral Theology in Rome.

text:
# John Patrick Kenneth Leahy

The Very Reverend **John Patrick Kenneth Leahy**, O.Carm. D.Ph. S.T.M. (7 March 1907 – 23 June 1963) was a Roman Catholic priest, Prior of the Carmelite College of Pius XI, Assistant General and Procurator General of the Carmelite Order, and a Professor of Moral Theology in Rome.

## Biography

Father Leahy was born in Kinsale, County Cork, Ireland, the son of William Leahy, a merchant tailor, and Mary Leahy. He was one of five children, and attended the local Presentation Brothers primary school.

He lived only a short walk from the Carmelite Church and Friary. His proximity to the Carmelite community profoundly influenced his future, and he left Kinsale to enroll in the Carmelite-run Terenure College in Dublin. He entered the Carmelite Novitiate in 1923, and was professed in 1924. As an obviously outstanding student, he was sent to Rome in 1924 to pursue a course in philosophical and theological studies, earning a *Sacrae Theologiae Magister* at the Pontifical Gregorian University and a doctorate in philosophy at the Pontifical Academy of St. Thomas Aquinas.

Leahy was ordained to the priesthood on 24 June 1930. His first academic appointment was to the Professorship of Moral Theology at the International College of Saint Albert, a house of studies for Carmelite students in Rome. He remained there until 1939, when he was appointed Prior of the Carmelite College of Pius XI. During the challenging war years, he worked to protect the interests of Irish and American residents in Rome. From October, 1943, Pope Pius XII asked churches, convents and other Catholic institutions throughout Italy to shelter Jews from persecution. Leahy responded, at personal risk to himself, by hiding the Jewish owner of a nearby and well-known restaurant, *Scoglio di Frisio*. Father Leahy's action was acknowledged for decades after the war, and all Carmelites who ate there received an immediate discount.

After the Second World War, Leahy was appointed Professor of Moral Theology at the *Collegio Urbano of Propaganda Fide* and at the *Pontificio Collegio Beda*. These offices he held until he was appointed to the position of Assistant General of the Carmelite Order in the General Chapter of 1947. He was Assistant General for six years before he was appointed to the second highest post in the Carmelite Order that of Procurator General in 1953. In 1959, he acted as a *censor deputatus* for the Censor Librorum. In 1959, he relinquished the office of Procurator General, and moved to Tucson, Arizona, because of ill health. During his time in Tucson, he was a consultant on the bishop's tribunals, and active at the Sacred Heart Parish Church. He died on 21 June 1963 at the age of 56, and was buried in Holy Hope Cemetery in Tucson.

## Works

Father Leahy wrote two books on Mother Marie Joseph Butler (1860-1940) under the pseudonym, *Carmelite Pilgrim*:

* Leahy, J.K. (Kenneth) *I knew a valiant woman: Mother Butler of Marymount* (Tarrytown, NY: Marymount, 1949)
* Leahy, J. Kenneth *As the eagle: the spiritual writings of Mother Butler R.S.H.M., Foundress of Marymount* (New York: P.J.Kenedy, 1954)

## InfoBox

| **John Patrick Kenneth Leahy** | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 7 March 1907
Kinsale, County Cork, Ireland |
| Died | 21 June 1963(1963-06-21) (aged 56)
Tucson, Arizona, US |
| Occupation | Roman Catholic priest |
| Alma mater | Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome |


title: Matthew Kennedy (rugby league)

abstract: Matthew Kennedy is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played for the Newcastle Knights in the 2000s. He last played for the Western Suburbs Rosellas of the Newcastle Rugby League. Is a now a founding member and presidents secretary of the Newcastle inner west craft beer club.

text:
# Matthew Kennedy (rugby league)

**Matthew Kennedy** is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played for the Newcastle Knights in the 2000s. He last played for the Western Suburbs Rosellas of the Newcastle Rugby League.

Is a now a founding member and presidents secretary of the Newcastle inner west craft beer club.

## Playing career

Kennedy made his first grade debut for Newcastle against the Sydney Roosters in round 2 of the 2003 NRL season. Kennedy played 16 games in his debut season including the 36-8 qualifying loss against the same opponents.

In 2005, Kennedy was one of 11 players fined by the club for misconduct after a pre-season game in Bathurst.

It was alleged that some of the Newcastle players had broken curfew to visit dormitories at Charles Sturt University. It was reported that one of the players had jumped on a student as she slept in her bed and touched her inappropriately. One of the Newcastle players Dane Tilse was deregistered by the NRL for 12 months.

2005 would also be Kennedy's last season in first grade. Kennedy made 8 appearances that season (All of them losses) as Newcastle claimed the wooden spoon after finishing bottom of the table.

## InfoBox

Matthew Kennedy
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Matthew Kennedy |
| Born | (1981-02-13) 13 February 1981<br>Nambour, Queensland, Australia |
| Playing information | |
| Height | 187 cm (6 ft 2 in) |
| Weight | 104 kg (16 st 5 lb) |
| Position | Prop, Second-row |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  2003–05 Newcastle Knights 42 2 0 0 8 | |
| Source: | |


title: Hans-Wolfgang Reinhard

abstract: Hans-Wolfgang Reinhard was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany.

text:
# Hans-Wolfgang Reinhard

**Hans-Wolfgang Reinhard** (11 December 1888 – 6 October 1950) was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany.

## Awards and decorations

### Citations

### Bibliography

* Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) \[1986\]. *Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile* \[*The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches*\] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.

## InfoBox

| Hans-Wolfgang Reinhard | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 11 December 1888 |
| Died | 6 October 1950(1950-10-06) (aged 61) |
| Allegiance | German Empire
Weimar Republic
Nazi Germany |
| Service/branch | Army |
| Rank | General der Infanterie |
| Commands | 35th Infantry Division
LI Army Corps
LXXXVIII Army Corps |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
| Awards | Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross |


title: Robert Longden (cricketer)

abstract: Robert Knight Longden was an English clergyman and a cricketer who played first-class cricket fleetingly for Cambridge University in 1837. He was born at Marylebone in London and died at Lavenham, Suffolk. Educated at Winchester College and Trinity Hall, Cambridge, Longden took a Bachelor of Laws degree at Cambridge, graduating in 1841. His cricket at Cambridge was limited to two games for the university against the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in which he batted in the lower middle order and does not appear to have bowled: in both cases, the full scorecard has not survived, and it is not known if he was right- or left-handed. There was no University Match against Oxford in the 1837 season. After leaving Cambridge, Longden was ordained as a Church of England priest; he was curate at Groton, Suffolk from 1851 and rector of Brent Eleigh, also in Suffolk, from 1860 until his death in 1895. The account of his funeral in the Bury and Norwich Post newspaper indicates that he was married and had three sons.

text:
# Robert Longden (cricketer)

**Robert Knight Longden** (27 May 1817 – 19 June 1895) was an English clergyman and a cricketer who played first-class cricket fleetingly for Cambridge University in 1837. He was born at Marylebone in London and died at Lavenham, Suffolk.

Educated at Winchester College and Trinity Hall, Cambridge, Longden took a Bachelor of Laws degree at Cambridge, graduating in 1841. His cricket at Cambridge was limited to two games for the university against the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in which he batted in the lower middle order and does not appear to have bowled: in both cases, the full scorecard has not survived, and it is not known if he was right- or left-handed. There was no University Match against Oxford in the 1837 season.

After leaving Cambridge, Longden was ordained as a Church of England priest; he was curate at Groton, Suffolk from 1851 and rector of Brent Eleigh, also in Suffolk, from 1860 until his death in 1895. The account of his funeral in the *Bury and Norwich Post* newspaper indicates that he was married and had three sons.


title: Mount Mitake (Hyōgo)

abstract: Mount Mitake is a 793 m (2,602 ft) high Japanese mountain located around 50 km (31 mi) north of Kobe in Hyōgo Prefecture. It should not be confused with Mount Mitake, a mountain in Tokyo, or Mount Ontake in Nagano Prefecture written with the same characters. This mountain is one of the 50 famous mountains in Hyōgo Prefecture.

text:
# Mount Mitake (Hyōgo)

**Mount Mitake** (御嶽, *Mitake*) is a 793 m (2,602 ft) high Japanese mountain located around 50 km (31 mi) north of Kobe in Hyōgo Prefecture. It should not be confused with Mount Mitake, a mountain in Tokyo, or Mount Ontake in Nagano Prefecture written with the same characters. This mountain is one of the 50 famous mountains in Hyōgo Prefecture.

## History

Mount Mitake is the highest mountain in the Taki Mountains, including Mount Nishigatake and Mount Koganegadake. The Taki Mountains were one of the most holiest places for shugendō from Kamakura period to Muromachi period. However, Tanba Shugendō, a sect of Shugendo in Tanba Province, lost against Yamato Shugendō, another Shugendo sect of Yamato Province including Mount Ōmine, all of the temples in the Taki Mountains were burned in 1482.

## InfoBox

| Mount Mitake | |
| --- | --- |
| 御嶽 | |
|  | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 793.4 m (2,603 ft) |
| Coordinates | 35°7.38′N 135°14.41′E / 35.12300°N 135.24017°E / 35.12300; 135.24017 |
| Naming | |
| Language of name | Japanese |
| Pronunciation | \[mitake\] |
| Geography | |
|  | |
| Location | Sasayama, Hyōgo, Japan |
| Parent range | Taki Mountains |


title: Mrs. Findley Braden

abstract: Mrs. Findley Braden was the pen name of Anna Braden an American writer, newspaper editor, and elocutionist. Prior to marriage, she used Madge Rile and other pen names.

text:
# Mrs. Findley Braden

**Mrs. Findley Braden** was the pen name of **Anna Braden** (née, **Rile**; January 11, 1858 – 1939) an American writer, newspaper editor, and elocutionist. Prior to marriage, she used **Madge Rile** and other pen names.

## Early life and education

Anna Margaretta (nickname, "Madge") Rile was born in Montgomery, Pennsylvania, January 11, 1858. Her parents were John Conver and Sarah (Frantz) Rile. She was of English and German descent, and her ancestors lived in or near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for over a century and a half. Her father was John Conver Rile. Her mother's maiden name was Frantz. She is fifth in direct line of descent from Joseph Reed, a Founding Father of the United States, his daughter being her great-grandmother.

She graduated from the National School of Elocution and Oratory, Philadelphia.

## Career

At the age of 15, Braden began writing for the newspapers and magazines. Beginning in 1874, she wrote under her maiden name, "Madge Rile", and several pen names.

Since her marriage, she adopted her husband's name, signing her articles "Mrs. Findley Braden". She wrote over 700 humorous and pathetic sketches, poems and serials, many of which appeared in the secular journals of New York City, Boston, and Philadelphia. She also wrote a number of songs that found their way into public favor. She was equally at home in the five dialects, Scotch, Irish, Negro, Dutch, and Quaker. She published several volumes of poems.

Braden served as the editor of the monthly newspaper, *Presbyterian Visitor*, established in 1888, and published by Graves & Banks, Philadelphia.

## Personal life

In 1880, she married William Findley Braden (1852–1933), of Ohio, and they resided in Philadelphia. There were no children.

Braden was a member of the Presbyterian Church.

Anna Rile Braden died in 1939.

## Selected works

### Books

* *Something new to recite* (1908) (Text)

### Poems

* "Heart-Murder" (1894)
* "Pills at Poughkeepsie" (1894)
* "She's In the Smart Set Now"
* "He Fought with Washington"
* "You Hae But Ae Mither To Lose" (1905)
* "Thae Auld Laird's Secret" (1918)
* "What the Lord Had Done For Him" (1918)
* "Fence o' Scripture Faith" (1918)

### Plays

* *Convention of Realistic Readers* (1918)

### Recitations

* "The Fence O' Scripture Faith" (1887)
* "Rejoicin' at De Co'ners" (Negro dialect) (1894)
* "Con Cannon's Christmas Gift" (Irish dialect) (1899)
* "Mickey's Proposal" (Irish dialect) (1899)
* "A Bridal Soliloguy" (1899)
* "The Skeleton Soldier" (1899)

## Musical compositions

* "Dreaming of Sweetheart Prue", words by Mrs. Findley Braden, music by W. A. Webb (1912)

## InfoBox

| Anna Braden | |
| --- | --- |
| Portrait from "A Woman of the Century" | |
| Born | Anna Margaretta Rile
January 11, 1858
Montgomery, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | 1939 |
| Pen name | * Mrs. Findley Braden * Madge Rile |
| Nickname | "Madge" |
| Occupation |  |
| Alma mater | National School of Elocution and Oratory |
| Notable works | *Something new to recite* |
| Spouse | William Findley Braden  (m. 1880; died 1933) |
| Relatives | Joseph Reed |


title: Mordellistena texana

abstract: Mordellistena texana is a species of beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae. It was described by Smith in 1882.

text:
# Mordellistena texana

***Mordellistena texana*** is a species of beetle in the genus *Mordellistena* of the family Mordellidae. It was described by Smith in 1882.

## InfoBox

| *Mordellistena texana* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Genus: | *Mordellistena* |
| Species: | ***M. texana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordellistena texana***<br>Smith, 1882 | |
|


title: Periodic Bedrock Ridges

abstract: Periodic Bedrock Ridges (PBRs) are features of the surface geomorphology of Mars and formerly unknown on Earth, first described in a paper in the Journal of Geological Research - Planets, in March 2012, by Professor David R. Montgomery, Joshua L. Bandfield, and Scott K. Becker of the University of Washington. Periodic Bedrock Ridges (PBRs) have also been identified at the ExoMars 2022 landing site, Oxia Planum, which show that the landing site experienced multiple climatic changes in the Amazonian. Evidence for sediment transport and erosion by wind is widespread over the surface of Mars today and was likely a major geomorphic process for much of its geological past. Although Martian surface features resembling aeolian dunes and ripples have been recognized since the Mariner and Viking missions, such features have been interpreted previously as active, indurated, or exhumed sedimentary forms. The authors reported evidence based on High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment images flown on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, that show some megaripple forms are eroded into cohesive substrate rather than being composed of loose granular material or fossilized dunes. Exposure of stratigraphic continuity within layered, cohesive material extending crest to trough through features with mean wavelengths of 18 metres (59 ft) to 51 metres (167 ft) demonstrates the primarily erosional formation of what they termed periodic bedrock ridges (PBRs). Thus, some surfaces on Mars previously considered to be covered by wind-deposited material are actually wind-carved exposures that offer insights into Martian history. PBRs lack the distinctive streamlining associated with wind-parallel yardangs, and comparison of PBR orientation to yardangs, megayardangs, and active sedimentary dunes in the same vicinity confirm that these PBRs formed transverse to prevailing winds. Observed wavelengths of PBRs are comparable to those predicted by a simple model for erosional wavelengths of periodic transverse bed forms owing to the spacing of flow separations within the flow. Recognition of these transverse aeolian erosional forms brings up the question of how widespread Martian PBRs are and how many have been misinterpreted as active or indurated (fossilized) sedimentary dunes. PBRs are not known on Earth. Montgomery has said that there could be landforms on Earth that are somewhat similar to PBRs, but to date there's nothing exactly like it, largely because there are not many bedrock landscapes on Earth in which wind is the main erosion agent. "There are very few places... where you have bedrock exposed at the surface where there isn't also water that is carving valleys, that's shaping the topography. Mars is a different planet, obviously, and the biggest difference is the lack of fluvial action, the lack of water working on the surface."

text:
# Periodic Bedrock Ridges

**Periodic Bedrock Ridges** (PBRs) are features of the surface geomorphology of Mars and formerly unknown on Earth, first described in a paper in the Journal of Geological Research \- Planets, in March 2012, by Professor David R. Montgomery, Joshua L. Bandfield, and Scott K. Becker of the University of Washington. Periodic Bedrock Ridges (PBRs) have also been identified at the ExoMars 2022 landing site, Oxia Planum, which show that the landing site experienced multiple climatic changes in the Amazonian.

Evidence for sediment transport and erosion by wind is widespread over the surface of Mars today and was likely a major geomorphic process for much of its geological past. Although Martian surface features resembling aeolian dunes and ripples have been recognized since the Mariner and Viking missions, such features have been interpreted previously as active, indurated, or exhumed sedimentary forms.

The authors reported evidence based on High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment images flown on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, that show some megaripple forms are eroded into cohesive substrate rather than being composed of loose granular material or fossilized dunes. Exposure of stratigraphic continuity within layered, cohesive material extending crest to trough through features with mean wavelengths of 18 metres (59 ft) to 51 metres (167 ft) demonstrates the primarily erosional formation of what they termed periodic bedrock ridges (PBRs). Thus, some surfaces on Mars previously considered to be covered by wind-deposited material are actually wind-carved exposures that offer insights into Martian history.

PBRs lack the distinctive streamlining associated with wind-parallel yardangs, and comparison of PBR orientation to yardangs, megayardangs, and active sedimentary dunes in the same vicinity confirm that these PBRs formed transverse (across, or 90 degrees) to prevailing winds. Observed wavelengths of PBRs are comparable to those predicted by a simple model for erosional wavelengths of periodic transverse bed forms owing to the spacing of flow separations within the flow. Recognition of these transverse aeolian erosional forms brings up the question of how widespread Martian PBRs are and how many have been misinterpreted as active or indurated (fossilized) sedimentary dunes.

PBRs are not known on Earth. Montgomery has said that there could be landforms on Earth that are somewhat similar to PBRs, but to date there's nothing exactly like it, largely because there are not many bedrock landscapes on Earth in which wind is the main erosion agent. "There are very few places ... where you have bedrock exposed at the surface where there isn't also water that is carving valleys, that's shaping the topography. Mars is a different planet, obviously, and the biggest difference is the lack of fluvial action, the lack of water working on the surface."


title: Peter Fox (rugby league, born 1984)

abstract: Peter Fox is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s and 2010s. He played at representative level for England, and at club level for York Acorn ARLFC, the York City Knights, the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats, Hull Kingston Rovers, Halifax (loan), Doncaster and the Newcastle Thunder in Kingstone Press League 1, as a wing.

text:
# Peter Fox (rugby league, born 1984)

**Peter Fox** (born 5 November 1984) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s and 2010s. He played at representative level for England, and at club level for York Acorn ARLFC, the York City Knights, the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats (two spells), Hull Kingston Rovers, Halifax (loan), Doncaster and the Newcastle Thunder in Kingstone Press League 1, as a wing.

## Background

Peter Fox was born in York, England.

## Club career

### Early career

Fox started his career with junior club York Acorn. He was part of the academy at Leeds Rhinos, but he failed to establish himself in the senior team, and spent two seasons on loan at hometown club the York City Knights. He scored 40-tries for the York City Knights, and was named in the National League One Dream Team 2006.

At the end of the 2006's Super League XI, he was signed by the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats.

### Wakefield Trinity Wildcats

Fox made his début for the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats in the opening game of 2007's Super League XII with a 9–14 defeat by the Hull Kingston Rovers. It took him until round-5 to open his account with a try in the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats' 40–20 victory over Catalans Dragons. He signed for the Hull Kingston Rovers during September 2007.

### Hull Kingston Rovers

Fox made his début for the Hull Kingston Rovers in a 12–20 defeat by the Leeds Rhinos at Headingley, Leeds. He opened his Hull Kingston Rovers account with 2-tries in a thrilling 20–24 victory in France against Catalans Dragons. In round 7 of the 2009 campaign he scored his first hat trick of his career in a 48–12 victory over Salford City Reds.

On 27 June, he made his England début in the 56–8 victory over France. He scored a try and had one disallowed.

He was in the England training squad for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup.

He was in the England team to face Wales at the Keepmoat Stadium, Doncaster prior to England's departure for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup.

On 7 November, he scored 2-tries to help England earn a shock 20–12 victory over World Champions New Zealand at Huddersfield's Galpharm Stadium, and a place in the 2009 Four Nations Final against Australia.

He has won caps for England while at the Hull Kingston Rovers in 2008 against France and Wales, and in 2009 against France, Wales, New Zealand and Australia.

He made another promising start for the Hull Kingston Rovers at the start of the 2010 season, in a home fixture against the Salford City Reds in which the Hull Kingston Rovers won 30–12, he in the process scoring two early tries. He made his 100th career appearance in the Hull Kingston Rovers' 6–32 defeat at the Wigan Warriors on 12 February 2010.

### Return to the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats

Fox returned to the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats in 2012. He was released by the club during May 2014.

### Doncaster

During April 2015, Fox signed for Championship side Doncaster.

### Newcastle Thunder

During November 2015, it was announced the Fox was signing for Newcastle Thunder for the 2016 season.

## InfoBox

Peter Fox
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1984-11-05) 5 November 1984<br>York, England |
| Playing information | |
| Height | 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) |
| Weight | 14 st 7 lb (92 kg) |
| Position | Wing |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  2005–06 York City Knights 52 45 0 0 180  2007–08 Wakefield Trinity Wildcats 26 14 0 0 56  2008–11 Hull Kingston Rovers 110 61 0 0 242  2012–14 Wakefield Trinity Wildcats 70 48 0 0 182  2014(loan) Halifax 17 11 0 0 44  2015 Doncaster 21 11 0 0 44  2016–17 Newcastle Thunder 32 17 0 0 68  Total 328 207 0 0 816  Representative  Years Team Pld T G FG P  2008–09 England 6 7 0 0 28 | |
| Source: | |


title: Matti Raekallio

abstract: Matti Juhani Raekallio is a Finnish pianist. Raekallio studied in Helsinki, Vienna with Dieter Weber, London with Maria Curcio and Saint Petersburg. In 1996, his doctoral thesis at the Sibelius Academy was Sormituksen strategiat. He debuted at Carnegie Hall in 1981. A professor at the Swedish Royal College of Music (1994–1995), Hochschule für Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover and the Sibelius Academy (1998–2008), Raekallio trained Antti Siirala and Gergely Boganyi at the latter. He is a scholar on piano playing technique and a former member of the Research Committee on Culture and Society of the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters. He taught at the Juilliard School from 2007 to 2014 while giving master classes in many countries. In 2014, he decided to leave the Juilliard School and started to teach at the Hochschule für Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover again. His most famous student is Igor Levit, who credits Raekallio as a major influence. Since 2015, he has been back in New York City, teaching at the Juilliard School. Since the 2020–2021 season, Raekallio has been again Professor of Piano at the Sibelius Academy. Raekallio was a jury member of the Arthur Rubinstein International Piano Master Competition in Tel Aviv and also in Shanghai, Vienna, Budapest and Tokyo. Raekallio has recorded about 20 CDs, including Sergei Prokofiev's complete Piano Sonatas and Aarre Merikanto's, Anton Rubinstein's and Einar Englund's Piano Concertos for Ondine.

text:
# Matti Raekallio

**Matti Juhani Raekallio** (born 14 October 1954 in Helsinki) is a Finnish pianist.

Raekallio studied in Helsinki, Vienna with Dieter Weber, London with Maria Curcio and Saint Petersburg. In 1996, his doctoral thesis at the Sibelius Academy was *Sormituksen strategiat* (history of piano fingering). He debuted at Carnegie Hall in 1981. A professor at the Swedish Royal College of Music (1994–1995), Hochschule für Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover (2005–2010, 2014–) and the Sibelius Academy (1998–2008), Raekallio trained Antti Siirala and Gergely Boganyi at the latter. He is a scholar on piano playing technique and a former member of the Research Committee on Culture and Society of the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters. He taught at the Juilliard School from 2007 to 2014 while giving master classes in many countries. In 2014, he decided to leave the Juilliard School and started to teach at the Hochschule für Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover again. His most famous student is Igor Levit, who credits Raekallio as a major influence.

Since 2015, he has been back in New York City, teaching at the Juilliard School. Since the 2020–2021 season, Raekallio has been again Professor of Piano at the Sibelius Academy.

Raekallio was a jury member of the Arthur Rubinstein International Piano Master Competition in Tel Aviv and also in Shanghai, Vienna, Budapest and Tokyo.

Raekallio has recorded about 20 CDs, including Sergei Prokofiev's complete Piano Sonatas and Aarre Merikanto's, Anton Rubinstein's and Einar Englund's Piano Concertos for Ondine.

## Awards


title: Robert Ayling (cricketer)

abstract: Robert Ayling was an English cricketer who made two appearances in first-class cricket matches in 1796, both for Kent sides against teams from Middlesex. He scored a total of 22 runs in his four innings, with a highest score of 11. He is known to have played for Woolwich Cricket Club in a match in 1806 against MCC at Lord's Old Ground and for a 23-man Kent side in an odds match in 1807 against an England side at Penenden Heath. William Ayling, who was possibly his brother, played in both of these matches on the same side.

text:
# Robert Ayling (cricketer)

**Robert Ayling** (dates unknown) was an English cricketer who made two appearances in first-class cricket matches in 1796, both for Kent sides against teams from Middlesex. He scored a total of 22 runs in his four innings, with a highest score of 11.

He is known to have played for Woolwich Cricket Club in a match in 1806 against MCC at Lord's Old Ground and for a 23-man Kent side in an odds match in 1807 against an England side at Penenden Heath. William Ayling, who was possibly his brother, played in both of these matches on the same side.

1. Robert Ayling, CricketArchive. Retrieved 2018-04-10. (subscription required)
2. William Ayling, CricketArchive. Retrieved 2022-03-20. (subscription required)
3. Haygarth A (1862) *Scores & Biographies*, vol. 1 (1744–1826). Lillywhite.
4. Robert Ayling, CricInfo. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
5. Birley D (1999) *A Social History of English Cricket*, p. 364. London: Aurum Press. ISBN 978 1 78131 1769

## InfoBox

Robert Ayling
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Relations | William Ayling (brother) |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1796 | Kent |
|  | |
| FC debut | 16 May 1796 Kent XI v Middlesex XI |
| Last FC | 20 June 1796 Kent XI v Middlesex XI |
| Source: CricInfo, 15 April 2022 | |


title: Harold and Maude

abstract: Harold and Maude is a 1971 American romantic black comedy-drama film directed by Hal Ashby and released by Paramount Pictures. It incorporates elements of dark humor and existentialist drama. The plot follows the exploits of Harold Chasen, a young man who is intrigued with death, and who rejects the life his detached mother prescribes for him. Harold develops a friendship, and eventual romantic relationship, with 79-year-old Maude who teaches Harold about the importance of living life to its fullest. The screenplay by Colin Higgins began as his master's thesis for film school. Filming took place in and around San Francisco and San Mateo, California, with locations including both Holy Cross Cemetery and Golden Gate National Cemetery, the ruins of the Sutro Baths, Mori Point, and Rosecourt Mansion in Hillsborough, California. Critically and commercially unsuccessful when first released, the film eventually developed a cult following, and first made a profit in 1983. The film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry in 1997, and was ranked number 45 on the American Film Institute list of 100 funniest films of all time in 2000. The Criterion Collection released a special-edition Blu-ray and DVD in 2012.

text:
# Harold and Maude

***Harold and Maude*** is a 1971 American romantic black comedy-drama film directed by Hal Ashby and released by Paramount Pictures. It incorporates elements of dark humor and existentialist drama. The plot follows the exploits of Harold Chasen (Bud Cort), a young man who is intrigued with death, and who rejects the life his detached mother (Vivian Pickles) prescribes for him. Harold develops a friendship, and eventual romantic relationship, with 79-year-old Maude (Ruth Gordon) who teaches Harold about the importance of living life to its fullest.

The screenplay by Colin Higgins began as his master's thesis for film school. Filming took place in and around San Francisco and San Mateo, California, with locations including both Holy Cross Cemetery and Golden Gate National Cemetery, the ruins of the Sutro Baths, Mori Point, and Rosecourt Mansion in Hillsborough, California.

Critically and commercially unsuccessful when first released, the film eventually developed a cult following, and first made a profit in 1983. The film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry in 1997, and was ranked number 45 on the American Film Institute list of 100 funniest films of all time in 2000. The Criterion Collection released a special-edition Blu-ray and DVD in 2012.

## Plot

Harold Chasen is a young man obsessed with death. He stages elaborate fake suicides, attends funerals (usually for people that he does not know), and drives a hearse, all to the chagrin of his self-obsessed, wealthy socialite mother. His mother sends Harold to a psychoanalyst, sets him up with blind dates, and buys him a luxury car, all schemes he subverts in his own way.

Harold meets 79-year-old Maude one day while at a random stranger's funeral Mass, and discovers that they share a hobby. Harold is entranced by Maude's quirky outlook on life, which is bright and delightfully carefree in contrast to his morbid demeanor. Maude lives in a decommissioned railroad car and thinks nothing of breaking the law; she is quite skilled at stealing cars and will swiftly uproot an ailing tree in a city sidewalk to replant it in the forest. She and Harold form a bond and Maude shows Harold the pleasures of art and music (including how to play the banjo), and teaches him how to make "the most of his time on earth."

Meanwhile, Harold's mother is determined, against Harold's wishes, to find him a wife. One by one, Harold frightens and horrifies each of his appointed computer dates, by appearing to commit gruesome acts, including self-immolation, self-mutilation, and *seppuku*. His mother attempts to enlist him in the military by sending Harold to his uncle, who lost an arm serving under General MacArthur in World War II, but Harold deters the recruitment by staging a scene where Maude poses as a pacifist protester and Harold seemingly murders her out of militarist fanaticism.

As Harold and Maude grow closer, their friendship blossoms into a romance. Holding her hand, Harold discovers a number tattooed on her forearm, indicating Maude survived the Nazi death camps. Harold announces that he will marry Maude, resulting in disgusted outbursts from his family, analyst, and priest. Unbeknownst to Harold, Maude has been planning to end her own life on her 80th birthday. Maude's birthday arrives, and Harold throws a surprise party for her. As the pair dance, Maude tells Harold that she "couldn't imagine a lovelier farewell." When Maude reveals that she has taken an overdose of sleeping pills and will be dead by midnight, Harold rushes Maude to the hospital. Devastated after learning of Maude's death, Harold speeds down a country road and sends his car off a seaside cliff. Following the crash, Harold stands calmly atop the cliff, holding his banjo. After gazing down at the wreckage, he plucks the banjo strings and dances away to "If You Want to Sing Out, Sing Out".

## Cast

* Ruth Gordon as Dame Marjorie "Maude" Chardin, a 79-year-old free spirit. Maude believes in living each day to the fullest, and "trying something new every day". Her view of life is so joyful that, true to the film's motif, it crosses a blurred, shifting line into a carefree attitude toward death as well. Little is known of her past, though it is revealed that in her youth, she was a radical suffragette who fought off police constables with her umbrella, was once married, lived in pre-war Vienna, and has a Nazi concentration camp tattoo on her arm.
* Bud Cort as Harold Parker Chasen, a young man who is obsessed with death. He drives a hearse, attends funerals of strangers and stages elaborate fake suicides. Through meeting and falling in love with Maude, he discovers joy in living for the first time.
* Vivian Pickles as Mrs. Chasen, Harold's opulently wealthy mother, is controlling, snooty and seemingly incapable of affection. Hoping to force him into respectability, Mrs. Chasen replaces Harold's beloved hearse with a Jaguar (which he then converts to a miniature hearse), and sets up several blind dates (more accurately, "bride interviews") for her son.
* Cyril Cusack as Glaucus, the sculptor who makes an ice statue of Maude and lends them his tools to transport a tree
* Charles Tyner as General Victor Ball, Harold's uncle who lost an arm in the war and now pulls a hidden cord to make his wire prosthetic "salute". At Mrs. Chasen's request, he attempts to prepare Harold to join the armed forces. The effort is thwarted by a planned stunt in which Harold appears to "kill" Maude.
* Ellen Geer as Sunshine Doré, Harold's third blind date who performs an impromptu rendition of Juliet's death scene after his mock suicide
* Eric Christmas as the priest
* G. Wood as Harold's psychiatrist
* Judy Engles as Candy Gulf, Harold's first blind date, alarmed when he apparently sets himself on fire
* Shari Summers as Edith Phern, Harold's second blind date, astonished when he apparently cuts off his own hand
* Tom Skerritt (credited as "M. Borman") as the motorcycle officer who twice stops Maude and Harold, ultimately losing his ride to the pair.

Director Hal Ashby appears in an uncredited cameo, seen at a penny arcade watching a model train at the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk.

## Production

UCLA film school student Colin Higgins wrote *Harold and Maude* as his master's thesis. While working as producer Edward Lewis's pool boy, Higgins showed the script to Lewis's wife, Mildred. Mildred was so impressed that she got Edward to give it to Stanley Jaffe at Paramount. Higgins sold the script with the understanding that he would direct the film but he was told he wasn't ready, after tests he shot proved unsatisfactory to the studio heads. Ashby would only commit to directing the film after getting Higgins' blessing and then, so Higgins could watch and learn from him on the set, Ashby made Higgins a co-producer. Higgins says he originally thought of the story as a play. It then became a 20-minute thesis while at film school. The film script was turned into a novel and then a play, which ran for several years in Paris.

Ashby felt that the actress portraying Maude should ideally be European and his list of possible actresses included Peggy Ashcroft, Edith Evans, Gladys Cooper, and Celia Johnson, as well as Lotte Lenya, Luise Rainer, Pola Negri, Minta Durfee, and Agatha Christie. Ruth Gordon indicated that in addition, she heard that Edwige Feuillère, Elisabeth Bergner, Mildred Natwick, Mildred Dunnock, and Dorothy Stickney had been considered.

For Harold, in addition to Bud Cort, Ashby considered all promising unknowns, Richard Dreyfuss, Bob Balaban, and John Savage. Also on his list were John Rubinstein, for whom Higgins had written the part, and then-up-and-coming British singer Elton John, whom Ashby had seen live and hoped would also do the music. Anne Brebner, the casting director, was almost cast as Harold's mother, when Vivian Pickles was briefly unable to do the role.

Principal photography began in late December 1970 and concluded in mid-March 1971. Filming took place in and around San Francisco and San Mateo, California, including locations such as Holy Cross Cemetery in Colma (Harold catches his first glimpse of Maude at a funeral), St. Thomas Aquinas Church in Palo Alto (the church funeral where Harold first meets Maude), Oyster Point Boulevard in South San Francisco (Maude's railroad car), an abandoned warehouse at the Southern Pacific Railroad Bayshore Yard in Brisbane (Glaucus' studio), Half Moon Bay, Golden Gate National Cemetery in San Bruno, Redwood City (Maude rescues a street tree to be transplanted to the forest), the Dumbarton Bridge (a motorcycle officer pulls over Harold and Maude on their way to replant the tree), Sutro Heights Park (Harold rides in a limousine and walks with Uncle Victor) and the ruins of the Sutro Baths (Maude poses as a protester and later falls through a hole to her apparent death) in San Francisco, the Emeryville mudflats (Harold discovers Maude's concentration camp tattoo), Oakland, the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk (amusement park), Peninsula Hospital in Burlingame (Maude is hospitalized), and Mori Point in Pacifica (Harold drives his car off a cliff). For the Chasen mansion, scenes were shot at Rosecourt Mansion in Hillsborough, California. According to Ashby, there were some issues securing the location because Otto Preminger had previously filmed in the Hillsborough area and had antagonized the local residents.

## Novelization

A novelization by Higgins was released alongside the film; they differ in several respects, including the film's omission of certain scenes and characters. Other different details include the novel's version of Maude having white hair (unlike Gordon in the film) and introducing herself as "the Countess Mathilde Chardin", a different name and title than used in the film. In the novel, Maude's home is characterized as a "cottage" (unlike the retired railroad car Maude inhabits in the film), and she and Harold briefly interact with Maude's neighbor, Madame Arouet, who is not present in the film. The novel includes an additional scene during the tree-planting expedition where Maude leads Harold in climbing to the top of a very tall pine tree to show him the view over the forest from near its summit.

## Release

*Harold and Maude* was released with a vague, text-only poster and very little marketing. The initial release underperformed at the box office, but it gradually found success in repertory theatres and recouped its costs after several years. Danny Peary, author of the *Cult Movies* series, referred to the film as "\[o\]ne of the runaway cult favorites of the seventies" and commented that it "\[broke\] longevity records in cities like Detroit, Montreal, and most memorably, Minneapolis, where residents actually picketed the Westgate Theater trying to get management to replace the picture after a consecutive three-year run."

### Home media

The Criterion Collection released *Harold and Maude* for Region 1 on DVD and Blu-ray on June 12, 2012, including a collection of audio excerpts of Ashby from January 11, 1972, and of screenwriter Colin Higgins from January 10, 1979, a new video interview with Yusuf/Cat Stevens, a new audio commentary by Ashby biographer Nick Dawson and producer Charles B. Mulvehill, and a booklet which includes a new film essay by Matt Zoller Seitz. Exclusive to the Blu-ray edition are a new digital restoration of the film with an uncompressed monaural soundtrack and an optional remastered uncompressed stereo soundtrack. Other exclusives are a *New York Times* profile of Gordon from 1971, an interview from 1997 with Cort and cinematographer John Alonzo, and an interview from 2001 with executive producer Mildred Lewis.

## Reception

### Critical response

At the time of its release, *Harold and Maude* received mixed reviews, with several critics being offended by the film's dark humor. Roger Ebert gave the film one-and-a-half out of four stars. He wrote, "And so what we get, finally, is a movie of attitudes. Harold is death, Maude life, and they manage to make the two seem so similar that life's hardly worth the extra bother. The visual style makes everyone look fresh from the Wax Museum, and all the movie lacks is a lot of day-old gardenias and lilies and roses in the lobby, filling the place with a cloying sweet smell. Nothing more to report today. Harold doesn't even make pallbearer."

Vincent Canby of *The New York Times* also panned the film, stating that the actors "are so aggressive, so creepy and off-putting, that Harold and Maude are obviously made for each other, a point the movie itself refuses to recognize with a twist ending that betrays, I think, its life-affirming pretensions."

### Retrospective appraisal

The reputation of the film has since increased greatly. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 86% based on 50 reviews, with an average rating of 7.8/10. The website's critics consensus reads, "Hal Ashby's comedy is too dark and twisted for some, and occasionally oversteps its bounds, but there's no denying the film's warm humor and big heart."

In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked the screenplay number 86 on its list of the "101 Greatest Screenplays" ever written.

In *Sight & Sound*'s 2012 "Greatest Films of All Time" poll, Niki Caro, Wanuri Kahiu, and Cyrus Frisch voted for *Harold and Maude*. Frisch commented: "An encouragement to think beyond the obvious!"

In 2017, *Chicago Tribune* critic Mark Caro wrote a belated appreciation, "I'm sorry, *Harold and Maude*, for denying you for so long. You're my favorite movie once again."

### Accolades

At the 29th Golden Globe Awards, Cort and Gordon were nominated as Best Actor and Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, respectively.

The film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry in 1997, along with others deemed "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant" by the Library of Congress.

In September 2008, *Empire* ranked *Harold and Maude* number 65 on their list of the "500 Greatest Movies of All Time". *Entertainment Weekly* ranked the film number four on their 2003 list of "The Top 50 Cult Films".

#### American Film Institute lists

*Harold and Maude* has repeatedly been ranked among the various lists compiled by the American Film Institute (AFI). In 2000. the film ranked number 45 on AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs, a list of the top 100 comedies. Two years later, *Harold and Maude* ranked number 69 on AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions, honoring the greatest love stories of the past century. In 2006, the film ranked number 89 on AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers, recognizing the most inspiring films. In June 2008, AFI revealed its 10 Top 10, the 10 best films in 10 "classic" American film genres, placing *Harold and Maude* at number nine in the romantic comedy genre.

## Music

The music in *Harold and Maude* was composed and performed by Cat Stevens. He had been suggested by Elton John to do the music after John had dropped out of the project. Stevens composed two original songs for the film, "Don't Be Shy" and "If You Want to Sing Out, Sing Out" and performed instrumental and alternative versions of the previously released songs "On the Road to Find Out", "I Wish, I Wish", "Miles from Nowhere", "Tea for the Tillerman", "I Think I See the Light", "Where Do the Children Play?" and "Trouble" (all from his albums *Mona Bone Jakon* and *Tea for the Tillerman*). "Don't Be Shy" and "If You Want to Sing Out, Sing Out" remained unreleased on any album until the 1984 compilation *Footsteps in the Dark: Greatest Hits, Vol. 2*.

Additional music in the film is sourced from well known compositions. "Greensleeves" is played on the harp during dinner. The opening bars of Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1 are heard during the scene of Harold floating face-down in the swimming pool. The Sunnyvale HS Marching Band plays "The Klaxon" by Henry Fillmore outside the church following a funeral. A calliope version of the waltz "Over the Waves" by Juventino Rosas is played at the amusement park. Harold and Maude waltz together in her home to "The Blue Danube" by Johann Strauss II.

The soundtrack album charted at number 173 on the US *Billboard* 200 in July 2021.

### 1972 soundtrack

The first soundtrack was released in Japan in 1972 on vinyl and cassette (A&M Records GP-216). It omitted the two original songs and all instrumental and alternative versions of songs and was generally composed of re-released material that was in the film, along with five songs that were not in the film.

Track listing

### 2007 soundtrack

The second soundtrack was released on December 28, 2007, by Vinyl Films Records as a vinyl-only limited-edition release of 2,500 copies. It contained a 30-page oral history of the making of the film, comprising the most extensive series of interviews yet conducted on *Harold and Maude*.

Track listing * Side one
    1. "Don't Be Shy"
    2. "On the Road to Find Out"
    3. "I Wish, I Wish"
    4. "Miles from Nowhere"
    5. "Tea for the Tillerman"
    6. "I Think I See the Light"
* Side two
    1. "Where Do the Children Play?"
    2. "If You Want to Sing Out, Sing Out"
    3. "If You Want to Sing Out, Sing Out" (banjo version) – previously unreleased
    4. "Trouble"
    5. "Don't Be Shy" (alternate version) – previously unreleased
    6. "If You Want to Sing Out, Sing Out" (instrumental version) – previously unreleased
* Bonus 7″ single
    1. "Don't Be Shy" (demo version) – previously unreleased
    2. "If You Want to Sing Out, Sing Out" (alternative version) – previously unreleased

### 2021 soundtrack

A Record Store Day limited edition, available in yellow or orange vinyl, was released July 2021. It contained all the main songs from the 2007 album, but omitted the bonus material.

* Side one
    1. "Don't Be Shy"
    2. "On the Road to Find Out"
    3. "I Wish, I Wish"
    4. "Miles from Nowhere"
* Side two
    1. "Tea for the Tillerman'
    2. "I Think I See the Light"
    3. "Where Do the Children Play?"
    4. "If You Want to Sing Out, Sing Out"
    5. "Trouble"

### 2022 soundtrack

The full soundtrack album received its first regular wide commercial release on February 11, 2022, to commemorate the film's 50th anniversary. The entire album was remastered at Abbey Road Studios. The disc includes previously unheard audio masters discovered in the Island/A&M Records archive for the two original songs Stevens wrote for the film, "Don't Be Shy" and "If You Want To Sing Out, Sing Out". While there was an LP, this was also the album's first-ever release on CD. The digital release contains eight additional tracks.

* Side one
    1. "Don't Be Shy"
    2. Dialogue 1 (I Go to Funerals)
    3. "On the Road to Find Out"
    4. "I Wish, I Wish"
    5. Tchaikovsky's Concerto No.1 in B
    6. Dialogue 2 (How Many Suicides)
    7. Marching Band / Dialogue 3 (Harold Meets Maude)
    8. "Miles from Nowhere"
    9. "Tea for the Tillerman"
* Side two
    1. "I Think I See the Light"
    2. Dialogue 4 (Sunflower)
    3. "Where Do the Children Play?"
    4. "If You Want To Sing Out, Sing Out" (Ruth Gordon and Bud Cort vocal)
    5. Strauss' Blue Danube
    6. Dialogue 5 (Somersaults)
    7. "If You Want to Sing Out, Sing Out"
    8. Dialogue 6 (Harold Loves Maude)
    9. "Trouble"
    10. "If You Want to Sing Out, Sing Out (ending)
* Additional tracks included in digital release:
    1. "Don't Be Shy (Demo)"
    2. "I Wish, I Wish (Studio Demo)"
    3. "Miles from Nowhere (Demo Version)"
    4. "I Think I See the Light (Studio Demo)"
    5. "If You Want to Sing Out, Sing Out" (Demo)
    6. "Trouble (Studio Demo)"
    7. "You Can Do (Whatever)!"
    8. "Don't Be Shy (No Piano / Alternate Take)"

## Adaptations

### Stage play adaptation

Colin Higgins adapted the story into a stage play. A French adaptation by Jean-Claude Carrière opened in 1973 at the Théâtre Récamier in Paris, where Yves Saint Laurent designed costumes for Madeleine Renaud as Maude. Renaud would reprise the role in *Harold et Maude* for multiple productions.

The original Broadway production, starring Janet Gaynor as Maude and Keith McDermott as Harold, closed after four performances in February 1980.

The Yugoslav premiere of *Harold i Mod* was staged at the Belgrade Drama Theatre (BDP) on March 23, 1980, directed by Paolo Magelli, with Tatjana Lukjanova (Maude), Milan Erak (Harold), and Žiža Stojanović (Mrs. Chasen). Slobodan Beštić later assumed the role of Harold. The play remained in the BDP repertoire until Lukjanova's death in 2003.

In Brazil, the first run of the play premiered in 2007, directed by João Falcão and starring Arlindo Lopes as Harold and Gloria Menezes as Maude. Nivea Maria later assumed the role of Maude.

### French television adaptation

A French adaptation for television, translated and written by Jean-Claude Carrière, aired in 1978. It was also adapted for the stage by the Compagnie Viola Léger in Moncton, New Brunswick, starring Roy Dupuis.

### Musical adaptation

A musical adaptation, with songs by Joseph Thalken and Tom Jones, premiered at the Paper Mill Playhouse in Millburn, NJ, in January 2005. The production starred Estelle Parsons as Maude and Eric Millegan as Harold.

### Unproduced sequel and prequel

Higgins expressed interest in 1978 regarding both a sequel and prequel to *Harold and Maude*: Cort would return for *Harold's Story*, living life after Maude. Higgins also imagined the prequel *Grover and Maude*, where Maude learns how to steal cars from Grover Muldoon—the character portrayed by Richard Pryor in Higgins' 1976 film *Silver Streak*—with Gordon and Pryor reprising their respective roles.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Harold and Maude | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Hal Ashby |
| Written by | Colin Higgins |
| Produced by | * Colin Higgins * Charles B. Mulvehill |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | John Alonzo |
| Edited by | * William A. Sawyer * Edward Warschilka |
| Music by | Cat Stevens |
| Production<br>companies | Mildred Lewis and Colin Higgins Productions |
| Distributed by | Paramount Pictures |
| Release date | * December 20, 1971 (1971-12-20) (United States) |
| Running time | 91 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $1.2 million (est.) |


title: Neosolieria

abstract: Neosolieria is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

text:
# Neosolieria

***Neosolieria*** is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Neosolieria* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Tachinidae |
| Subfamily: | Dexiinae |
| Tribe: | Voriini |
| Genus: | *Neosolieria*
Townsend, 1927 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Neosolieria nasuta*
Townsend, 1927 | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Parcipromus* Reinhard, 1958 | |


title: Frances Joseph

abstract: Frances Joseph is an Australian-born sculptor and academic. She is a full professor at Auckland University of Technology.

text:
# Frances Joseph

**Frances Joseph** is an Australian-born sculptor and academic. She is a full professor at Auckland University of Technology.

## Academic career

Joseph has a BA in visual art from the University of Tasmania and a Master of Fine Art from the College of Fine Arts at the University of New South Wales. She was awarded a PhD by Auckland University of Technology in 2010. The title of her doctoral thesis was *Mnemotechne of design — ontology and design research theories*. Joseph moved to New Zealand in 1997, working in the School of Art and Design. In 2007 she became director of AUT's Textile and Design Lab and in 2009 director of CoLab. She was appointed a full professor at the Auckland University of Technology in November 2018.

## Selected works

* Nikola Kasabov; Vishal Jain; Paulo C.M. Gottgtroy; Lubica Benuskova; Frances Joseph (December 2006), *Brain-Gene Ontology: Integrating Bioinformatics and Neuroinformatics Data, Information and Knowledge to Enable Discoveries*, doi:10.1109/HIS.2006.264896, Wikidata Q60502825
* Nik Kasabov; Vishal Jain; Lubica Benuskova; Paulo C. M. Gottgtroy; Frances Joseph (2008). "Integration of Brain-Gene Ontology and Simulation Systems for Learning, Modelling and Discovery". *Studies in Computational Intelligence*: 221–234. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-75767-2\_11. ISSN 1860-949X. Wikidata Q60502769.
* Ruth McLaren; Frances Joseph; Craig Baguley; Denise Taylor (21 June 2016). "A review of e-textiles in neurological rehabilitation: How close are we?". *Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation*. **13** (1): 59. doi:10.1186/S12984-016-0167-0. ISSN 1743-0003. PMC 4915040. PMID 27329186. Wikidata Q26744098.
* Lin, Xiaoyou; Seet, Boon-Chong; Joseph, Frances; Li, Erfeng (July 2018). "Flexible Fractal Electromagnetic Bandgap for Millimeter-Wave Wearable Antennas". *IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters*. **17** (7): 1281–1285. Bibcode:2018IAWPL..17.1281L. doi:10.1109/LAWP.2018.2842109. ISSN 1536-1225. S2CID 49573990.
* Smitheram, Miranda; Joseph, Frances (1 October 2020). "Material-aesthetic collaborations: making-with the ecosystem". *CoDesign*. **16** (4): 293–310. doi:10.1080/15710882.2020.1841796. ISSN 1571-0882. S2CID 227230031.

## Personal

A portrait of Joseph and her son by Rosemary Valadon was selected as a finalist for the 1990 Archibald Prize and won the Portia Geach Memorial Award the following year.

## InfoBox

| Frances Joseph | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Education | University of Tasmania<br>University of New South Wales |
| Alma mater | Auckland University of Technology |
|  | |


title: Montgomery Woods State Natural Reserve

abstract: Montgomery Woods State Natural Reserve is a 1,323-acre state-owned park located in the Coastal Range in Mendocino County, California, United States. The Reserve occupies the headwaters of Montgomery Creek, a tributary of Big River, which flows into the Pacific Ocean at Mendocino Headlands State Park. The virgin groves of Coast Redwood in Montgomery Woods are examples of a now rare upland riparian meadow habitat; most other preserved redwood groves are on broad alluvial plains. The Reserve is accessed from a parking area along Orr Springs Road 13 miles (21 km) west of Ukiah and 15 miles (24 km) east of Comptche. A moderately steep trail from the parking area climbs uphill along Montgomery Creek about three-quarters of a mile. Once in the grove, the trail makes a meandering three miles (4.8 km) loop, with substantial use of boardwalks to protect the fragile forest floor. The reserve was initiated by a 9-acre donation from Robert T. Orr in 1945, with 765 acres donated since 1947 by the Save the Redwoods League. Between 1999 and 2004, the tallest tree in Montgomery Woods, named the Mendocino Tree, was the world's tallest known tree. It was displaced by the discovery of a number of taller trees in Humboldt Redwoods State Park and later Redwood National Park in Humboldt County. The tree is one of dozens of similar height in the grove, and was never specifically marked in order to protect the tree. Earlier well-publicized candidates for the world's tallest tree suffered damage from stresses resulting from crowds of tourists.

text:
# Montgomery Woods State Natural Reserve

**Montgomery Woods State Natural Reserve** is a 1,323-acre (535 ha) state-owned park located in the Coastal Range in Mendocino County, California, United States. The Reserve occupies the headwaters of Montgomery Creek, a tributary of Big River, which flows into the Pacific Ocean at Mendocino Headlands State Park. The virgin groves of Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) in Montgomery Woods are examples of a now rare upland riparian meadow habitat; most other preserved redwood groves are on broad alluvial plains. The Reserve is accessed from a parking area along Orr Springs Road 13 miles (21 km) west of Ukiah and 15 miles (24 km) east of Comptche. A moderately steep trail from the parking area climbs uphill along Montgomery Creek about three-quarters of a mile. Once in the grove, the trail makes a meandering three miles (4.8 km) loop, with substantial use of boardwalks to protect the fragile forest floor. The reserve was initiated by a 9-acre (3.6 ha) donation from Robert T. Orr in 1945, with 765 acres (310 hectares) donated since 1947 by the Save the Redwoods League.

Between 1999 and 2004, the tallest tree in Montgomery Woods, named the Mendocino Tree, was the world's tallest known tree. It was displaced by the discovery of a number of taller trees in Humboldt Redwoods State Park and later Redwood National Park in Humboldt County. The tree is one of dozens of similar height in the grove, and was never specifically marked in order to protect the tree. Earlier well-publicized candidates for the world's tallest tree suffered damage from stresses resulting from crowds of tourists.

## InfoBox

| Montgomery Woods State Natural Reserve | |
| --- | --- |
| IUCN category V (protected landscape/seascape) | |
| Redwood grove at Montgomery Woods | |
|  | |
| Location | Mendocino County, California |
| Nearest city | Comptche, California |
| Coordinates | 39°14′N 123°23′W / 39.233°N 123.383°W / 39.233; -123.383 |
| Area | 1,323 acres (535 ha) |
| Established | 1945 |
| Governing body | California Department of Parks and Recreation |


title: Muckamore Abbey Hospital

abstract: The Muckamore Abbey Hospital is a health facility on Abbey Road, Muckamore, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It is managed by the Belfast Health and Social Care Trust.

text:
# Muckamore Abbey Hospital

The **Muckamore Abbey Hospital** is a health facility on Abbey Road, Muckamore, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It is managed by the Belfast Health and Social Care Trust.

## History

The facility, which is located just south of a ruined Augustinian priory, opened as a mental health facility in 1949. A "special care colony" for people with an intellectual disability, with capacity of up to 1,000 patients, was added in 1958. Following a 2019 investigation into alleged abuses at the hospital, the Department of Health stated that it was considering a planned closure of the hospital.

## Further reading

* Montgomery, Ian; Armstrong, Joe (2012). *From Special Care to Specialist Treatment: A History of Muckamore Abbey Hospital*. Ulster Historical Foundation. ISBN 978-1908448484.

## InfoBox

| Muckamore Abbey Hospital | |
| --- | --- |
| Belfast Health and Social Care Trust | |
| Muckamore Abbey Hospital | |
| Location in Northern Ireland | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Abbey Road, Muckamore, Antrim, Northern Ireland |
| Coordinates | 54°41′32″N 6°11′19″W / 54.6923°N 6.1887°W / 54.6923; -6.1887 |
| Organisation | |
| Care system | Health and Social Care in Northern Ireland |
| Type | Specialist |
| Services | |
| Speciality | Mental health |
| History | |
| Opened | 1949 |


title: Harold Newcomb Hillebrand

abstract: Harold Newcomb Hillebrand (1887–1953) was a professor of English literature. Harold was the son of William Francis Hillebrand, a chemist with specialization in geochemistry and Martha May Hillebrand, née Westcott. His brother was an electrical engineer at Palo Alto, California. His grandfather was the botanist William Hillebrand, who went into practise with Wesley Newcomb and married his stepdaughter Anne Post. After Harold's studies he became a member of the English department (1914–1944) at the University of Illinois. He was head of that department from 1934-1944. His manuscripts are deposed in the archives of the university of Illinois. His research interest was theatre and play writing. His treatise on the Edmund Kean 1787-1833) counts to the best biography about the actor and provides the first scholarly examination of the evidence on Kean's parentage, birth, and upbringing. He published several articles within The Journal of English and Germanic philology.

text:
# Harold Newcomb Hillebrand

**Harold Newcomb Hillebrand** (1887–1953) was a professor of English literature.

Harold was the son of William Francis Hillebrand, a chemist with specialization in geochemistry and Martha May Hillebrand, née Westcott. His brother was an electrical engineer at Palo Alto, California. His grandfather was the botanist William Hillebrand, who went into practise with Wesley Newcomb and married his stepdaughter Anne Post.

After Harold's studies he became a member of the English department (1914–1944) at the University of Illinois. He was head of that department from 1934-1944. His manuscripts are deposed in the archives of the university of Illinois. His research interest was theatre and play writing. His treatise on the Edmund Kean 1787-1833) counts to the best biography about the actor and provides the first scholarly examination of the evidence on Kean's parentage, birth, and upbringing. He published several articles within *The Journal of English and Germanic philology*.

## Publications

* Writing the one-act play; a manual for beginners, by Harold Newcomb Hillebrand. New York, A. A. Knopf, 1925 digitalized in Ditital Library Hathitrust, Retrieved 2011-08-27.
* The child actors; a chapter in Elizabethan stage, 1926
* Edmund Kean, 1933 (reissed: New York: AMS Press, 1966)
* edt. Antony and Cleopatra, by Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616., Boston, D.C. Heath and Co., 1926

## InfoBox

| Harold Newcomb Hillebrand | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1887 |
| Died | 1953 |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Professor of English Literature |
| Known for | Treatise on Edmund Kean |


title: Wuhanlinigobius

abstract: Wuhanlinigobius is a genus of gobies native to mangrove swamps of eastern Asia.

text:
# Wuhanlinigobius

***Wuhanlinigobius*** is a genus of gobies native to mangrove swamps of eastern Asia.

## Etymology

This genus was named to honor the Chinese ichthyologist Dr. Wu Han-Lin who contributed greatly to the study of gobioid fishes of China.

## Species

There are currently 2 recognized species in this genus:

## InfoBox

| *Wuhanlinigobius* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Gobiiformes |
| Family: | Gobiidae |
| Genus: | *Wuhanlinigobius*
S. P. Huang, Jaafar & I. S. Chen, 2014 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Mugilogobius polylepis*
H. L. Wu & Y. Ni, 1985 | |


title: Nee Varuvolam

abstract: Nee Varuvolam is a 1997 Indian Malayalam-language Psychological drama film film directed by Sibi Malayil and written by G. A. Lal. It stars Dileep and Divya Unni in the lead roles.

text:
# Nee Varuvolam

***Nee Varuvolam*** (transl.Until you are back) is a 1997 Indian Malayalam-language Psychological drama film film directed by Sibi Malayil and written by G. A. Lal. It stars Dileep and Divya Unni in the lead roles.

## Plot

The film is about how the life of a teacher changes after his sister gets raped by 2 men under disguise of police officers.

## Cast

## Production

on 2023, Salim Kumar revealed he was originally cast of the movie.

## Soundtrack

The music has been given by Johnson, with lyrics by Gireesh Puthenchery.

| Nee Varoluvolam | |
| --- | --- |
| Soundtrack album by Johnson | |
| Released | 1999 (1999) |
| Genre | Film soundtrack |

| Track # | Song | Artist(s) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Ee Thennalum" | Daleema |
| 2 | "Thaane Poliyum..." | K. J. Yesudas |
| 3 | "Poonilaavo..." | K. S. Chithra, Biju Narayanan |
| 4 | "Thaane Poliyum" \[D\] | K. J. Yesudas, K. S. Chithra |
| 5 | "Thaane Poliyum Kaithiri Poleh" | K. S. Chithra |
|

## InfoBox

| Nee Varuvolam | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Sibi Malayil |
| Written by | G. A. Lal |
| Produced by | Raju Mathew
Prem Prakash |
| Starring | Dileep
Divya Unni
Thilakan
Jagathy Sreekumar
Manju Pillai |
| Cinematography | Anandakuttan |
| Edited by | L. Bhoominathan |
| Music by | Johnson |
| Production
companies | Century
Prakash Movie Tone |
| Distributed by | Century Release |
| Release date | * 1997 (1997) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Malayalam |


title: Per Knudsen (jurist)

abstract: Per Knudsen was a Norwegian civil servant. He was born in Oslo and took the cand.jur. degree in 1975. He started working in the National Insurance Administration before graduating, and was promoted to head of department in 1987. From 1997 to 2000 he was assisting director of the institution. On 1 October 2001 he became director of the National Insurance Court, having received the appointment on 18 May 2001. He remained here until he suddenly died in January 2005. He was succeeded by Jon Evang as acting director, then by Knut Brofoss on a permanent basis from September 2005.

text:
# Per Knudsen (jurist)

**Per Knudsen** (9 October 1949 – 16 January 2005) was a Norwegian civil servant.

He was born in Oslo and took the cand.jur. degree in 1975. He started working in the National Insurance Administration before graduating, and was promoted to head of department in 1987. From 1997 to 2000 he was assisting director of the institution. On 1 October 2001 he became director of the National Insurance Court, having received the appointment on 18 May 2001. He remained here until he suddenly died in January 2005. He was succeeded by Jon Evang as acting director, then by Knut Brofoss on a permanent basis from September 2005.


title: Monreal, Navarre

abstract: Monreal is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain. It had a population of 295 in 2002. It lies on the old Aragonese pilgrim's road to Santiago de Compostela, a tributary path of the Way of St James.

text:
# Monreal, Navarre

**Monreal** (Basque: ***Elo***) is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain. It had a population of 295 in 2002. It lies on the old Aragonese pilgrim's road to Santiago de Compostela, a tributary path of the Way of St James.

## History

In 1185 Berengaria of Navarre was given the fief of Monreal by her father Sancho VI of Navarre, possibly to enhance her status in view of her betrothal to Richard I of England.

## Geography

La Higa sits to the west.

## Demography

From:INE Archiv

42°42′N 1°30′W / 42.700°N 1.500°W / 42.700; -1.500