title: Roland Harrah III

abstract: Roland Edward Harrah was an American film and television child actor, actor, songwriter, musician, singer, and artist.

text:
# Roland Harrah III

**Roland Edward Harrah** (January 20, 1973 – January 3, 1995) was an American film and television child actor, actor, songwriter, musician, singer, and artist.

## Biography

Harrah co-starred in adventure dramas, particularly related to Vietnam, which included *Braddock: Missing in Action III* (1988) with Chuck Norris and in two episodes of the television series *Airwolf* (1984–1987) with Jan-Michael Vincent.

Born in Denver, Colorado, Harrah moved and lived in Riverside, California for 15 years and acted for 12 years. He died by suicide at his home in Riverside and was interred at Crestlawn Memorial Park, Riverside, California.

## Filmography

| Film | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1986 | *Kung Fu: The Movie* | Old One's Grandson |  |
| 1988 | *Braddock: Missing in Action III* | Van Tan Cang |  |
| 1990 | *Shadow of China* | Xiao Niu | aka *China Shadow*., (final film role) |
|
|
| Television | | | |
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1984 | *Magnum, P.I.* | Tran Quoc Jones | 1 episode: "Tran Quoc Jones" |
| 1985–1986 | *Airwolf* | Le Van Hawke, age 12; "Half-Pint" | 2 episodes: "Half-Pint" 1985, "Birds of Paradise" 1986 |
| 1986 | *Scarecrow and Mrs. King* | Khai's Kid "Roland Harrah" | 1 episode: "The Man Who Died Twice" |

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Result | Category | Film or series |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1987 | Young Artist Award | **Nominated** | Exceptional Performance by a Young Actor, Guest Starring in a Television, Comedy or Drama Series | *Airwolf* |
| 1989 | | **Nominated** | Best Young Actor Starring in a Motion Picture – Drama | *Braddock: Missing in Action III* |

## Memberships and affiliations

| Type | Organization |
| --- | --- |
| Member | American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA) |
| Member | Screen Actors Guild (SAG) |

## InfoBox

| Roland Harrah III | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Roland Edward Harrah
(1973-01-20)January 20, 1973
Denver, Colorado |
| Died | January 3, 1995(1995-01-03) (aged 21)
Riverside, California |
| Occupation(s) | Actor, musician |
| Years active | 1984–1990 |


title: Nano–Mugen Compilation 2006

abstract: Asian Kung-Fu Generation Presents: Nano–Mugen Compilation 2006 is a compilation album released by Asian Kung-Fu Generation on July 5, 2006, to advertise their sixth annual Nano-Mugen Festival. The album features one song from each of the twelve groups — seven Japanese bands, three American bands, and two English bands — who performed.

text:
# Nano–Mugen Compilation 2006

***Asian Kung-Fu Generation Presents: Nano–Mugen Compilation 2006*** is a compilation album released by Asian Kung-Fu Generation on July 5, 2006, to advertise their sixth annual Nano-Mugen Festival. The album features one song from each of the twelve groups  seven Japanese bands, three American bands, and two English bands  who performed.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Artist(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Jūni Shinhō no Yūkei" (十二進法の夕景; *Evening Glow of Duodecimal*) | Asian Kung-Fu Generation | 4:40 |
| 2. | "Another Time/Another Story" | Beat Crusaders | 4:25 |
| 3. | "Renai Spirits" (恋愛スピリッツ; *Love Spirits* ) | Chatmonchy | 4:45 |
| 4. | "Change" | Dream State | 3:08 |
| 5. | "Stereoman" | Ellegarden | 3:33 |
| 6. | "Dirty na Sekai (Put Your Head)" (ダーティーな世界 (Put your head); *The Dirty World (Put Your Head)*) | Hige | 3:35 |
| 7. | "Have You Ever Seen the Stars? (Shooting Star version)" | Mo'some Tonebender | 5:39 |
| 8. | "Getting By" | The Rentals | 2:55 |
| 9. | "Bubblegum" | Silver Sun | 3:49 |
| 10. | "The Nowarist" | Straightener | 2:19 |
| 11. | "I Am for You" | Waking Ashland | 3:35 |
| 12. | "Wake Up, Make Up, Bring It Up, Shake Up" | The Young Punx | 3:20 |

## Chart positions

### Album

| Year | Chart | Peak position |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2006 | Oricon | 7 |

## InfoBox

| Nano-Mugen Compilation 2006 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Various artists | |
| Released | July 5, 2006 |
| Genre | Rock, indie, punk |
| Length | 45:49 |
| Label | Ki/oon Records (KSCL-998) |
| Nano-Mugen chronology | |
| *Nano-Mugen Compilation*
(2005) ***Nano-Mugen Compilation 2006***
(2006) *Nano-Mugen Compilation 2008*
(2008) | |


title: Ponte Nizza

abstract: Ponte Nizza is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 70 km south of Milan and about 35 km south of Pavia. Ponte Nizza borders the following municipalities: Bagnaria, Cecima, Godiasco, Gremiasco, Montesegale, Val di Nizza, Varzi.

text:
# Ponte Nizza

**Ponte Nizza** is a *comune* (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 70 km south of Milan and about 35 km south of Pavia.

Ponte Nizza borders the following municipalities: Bagnaria, Cecima, Godiasco, Gremiasco, Montesegale, Val di Nizza, Varzi.

## InfoBox

| Ponte Nizza | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di Ponte Nizza | |
| Hermitage of Butrio. | |
| Location of Ponte Nizza | |
| Ponte NizzaLocation of Ponte Nizza in ItalyPonte NizzaPonte Nizza (Lombardy) | |
| Coordinates: 44°51′N 9°6′E / 44.850°N 9.100°E / 44.850; 9.100 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Lombardy |
| Province | Pavia (PV) |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Celestino Pernigotti |
| Area | |
| Total | 23.1 km2 (8.9 sq mi) |
| Population (31 December 2010) | |
| Total | 822 |
| Density | 36/km2 (92/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Pontenizzesi |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 27050 |
| Dialing code | 0383 |
| Website | Official website |


title: Ambassador (B&M train)

abstract: The Ambassador was a passenger train that traveled from Boston, Massachusetts and New York City, New York to Montreal, Quebec. The train was jointly operated by the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, Boston and Maine Railroad, the Central Vermont Railroad, and the Canadian National Railway. Beginning service on April 26, 1926, the Ambassador operated on a daytime schedule between Boston and Montreal, with coach, dining, and parlor cars in the consist. The route going north of White River Junction went northwest, through Montpelier and Essex Junction toward Montreal. There were also through cars to New York City offered until the mid-1950s, split from the Ambassador's consist in White River Junction, Vermont and added to the Connecticut Yankee train for points south. In its route from Boston's North Station it passed through Manchester, Concord and Franklin in New Hampshire. In 1956, with traffic declining, through service to Boston from Montreal was terminated, replaced with a transfer to Boston and Maine rail diesel cars at White River Junction, and the Ambassador name was applied to the Montreal—New York City train, which by 1958 lost food service and consisted only of coaches. On September 3, 1966, the Ambassador was discontinued after its operators sought and received approval from the Interstate Commerce Commission to terminate service.

text:
# Ambassador (B&M train)

The ***Ambassador*** was a passenger train that traveled from Boston, Massachusetts and New York City, New York to Montreal, Quebec. The train was jointly operated by the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, Boston and Maine Railroad, the Central Vermont Railroad, and the Canadian National Railway. Beginning service on April 26, 1926, the *Ambassador* operated on a daytime schedule between Boston and Montreal, with coach, dining, and parlor cars in the consist. The route going north of White River Junction went northwest, through Montpelier and Essex Junction toward Montreal. There were also through cars to New York City offered until the mid-1950s, split from the *Ambassador'*s consist in White River Junction, Vermont and added to the *Connecticut Yankee* train for points south. In its route from Boston's North Station it passed through Manchester (Union Station), Concord and Franklin in New Hampshire.

In 1956, with traffic declining, through service to Boston from Montreal was terminated, replaced with a transfer to Boston and Maine rail diesel cars at White River Junction, and the *Ambassador* name was applied to the MontrealNew York City train, which by 1958 lost food service and consisted only of coaches. On September 3, 1966, the *Ambassador* was discontinued after its operators sought and received approval from the Interstate Commerce Commission to terminate service.

## InfoBox

*Ambassador*
| The *Ambassador* in New Hampshire in September 1965 | |
| --- | --- |
| Overview | |
| Service type | Inter-city rail |
| Status | Discontinued |
| Locale | Northeastern United States/Quebec |
| First service | April 26, 1926 |
| Last service | September 3, 1966 |
| Former operator(s) | Boston & Maine
New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad
Canadian National Railway
Central Vermont Railway |
| Route | |
| Termini | Boston, Massachusetts and New York City, New York
Montreal, Quebec |
| Distance travelled | 327.2 miles (526.6 km) (1949) (Boston - Montreal) |
| Average journey time | 9 hours, 25 minutes |
| Service frequency | Daily |
| Train number(s) | 307 (northbound)
332 (southbound) |
| On-board services | |
| Seating arrangements | Coach seating |
| Catering facilities | Cafe grill car, only Montreal to White River Junction (1949) |
| Observation facilities | Parlor car |
| Technical | |
| Track gauge | 4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm) |
| Route map | |


title: Philippe Druillet

abstract: Philippe Druillet is a French comics artist and creator, and an innovator in visual design.

text:
# Philippe Druillet

**Philippe Druillet** (French: \[dʁɥijɛ\]; born 28 June 1944) is a French comics artist and creator, and an innovator in visual design.

## Biography

Philippe Druillet was born in Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, France, but spent his youth in Spain, returning to France in 1952 after the death of his father. A science fiction and comics fan, Druillet worked as a photographer after graduating from high school, drawing only for his own pleasure.

His first published series was his version of Michael Moorcock's Elric stories in a short-lived magazine. His first book, *Le Mystère des abîmes* (*The Mystery of the Abyss*), appeared in 1966. It introduced his recurring hero *Lone Sloane* and played on science-fiction themes partially inspired by his favourite writers, H. P. Lovecraft and A.E. van Vogt. Later, Druillet created book covers for new editions of Lovecraft's work, as well as numerous movie posters.

After Druillet became a regular contributor to the Franco-Belgian comics magazine *Pilote* in 1970, his *Lone Sloane* saga grew steadily more flamboyant as he pursued innovative new imagery, including bold page designs and computer-generated images. His backdrops of gigantic structures inspired by Art Nouveau, indigenous architecture, and Gothic cathedrals earned him the nickname of "space architect". Six tales about Sloane's exploits were collected in *Les six voyages de Lone Sloane* in 1972, hailed by many as his masterpiece, and Sloane was again the hero of the graphic novel *Délirius* (1973), written by Jacques Lob. In 1973, Druillet also produced the Moorcock's *Elric*-inspired *Yragaël* for *Pilote*, and *Vuzz* for the magazine *Phénix*.

In 1975, Druillet joined Jean-Pierre Dionnet, Bernard Farkas, and Moebius to form the publishing house Les Humanoïdes Associés and the magazine *Métal Hurlant*. This was to be a vehicle for his finest stories, and showcased a steady evolution in his graphical skills. His series *Lone Sloane* and *Vuzz* continued, and other stories of this period include *La Nuit*, and *Nosferatu*. In 1980, Druillet produced *Salammbô*, a comic book trilogy based upon Flaubert's proto–heroic fantasy novel *Salammbô*.

Outside his work as a cartoonist and illustrator, Druillet has also been active in architecture, rock opera, painting, sculpture, and digital art. He worked as a designer on the film *Sorcerer*, directed by William Friedkin in 1976. He collaborated on Rolf Liebermann's *Wagner Space Opera* in the Opera de Paris in the late 1970s to early 1980s, and founded the Space Art Création in 1984. More recently, he created the artwork and designed large parts of the background of the 2005 TV miniseries remake *Les Rois maudits* (*The Accursed Kings*).

## Awards

## Works

* *Lone Sloane*:
    + *Le mystère des abîmes* (1966, republished as *Lone Sloane 66*, 1982, Les Humanoïdes Associés, ISBN 2-902123-12-3)
    + *Les six voyages de Lone Sloane* (1972, Dargaud, ISBN 2-205-00632-0)
    + *Délirius* (1973, with Jacques Lob, Dargaud, ISBN 2-205-00663-0)
    + *Chaos* (2000, Albin Michel, ISBN 2-226-10934-X)
* *Firaz et la ville fleur* / *City of Flowers* (with Picotto (art), 1974 in Heavy Metal, 1980, Dargaud, ISBN 2-205-01678-4)
* *Yragaël* (1974, with Michel Demuth, Dargaud, ISBN 2-205-00829-3)
* *Vuzz* (1974, Dargaud, republished 1981, Les Humanoïdes Associés, ISBN 2-7316-0090-1)
* *Urm le fou* / *Urm the Mad* (1975, Dargaud, ISBN 2-205-00913-3)
* *Mirages* (1976, Les Humanoïdes Associés, ISBN 2-7316-0038-1)
* *La nuit* (1976, Les Humanoïdes Associés, ISBN 2-902123-06-X)
* *Gail* (1978, self-published, republished 1982, Les Humanoïdes Associés, ISBN 2-7316-0146-9)
* *Salammbô*:
* *Nosferatu* (1989, Dargaud, ISBN 2-205-03763-3)

## InfoBox

| Philippe Druillet | |
| --- | --- |
| Philippe Druillet at Babel International Comics Festival, Athens, June 2007 | |
| Born | (1944-06-28) 28 June 1944<br>Toulouse, France |
| Nationality | French |
| Area(s) | Writer, Penciller, Inker, Colourist |
| Notable works | * *Lone Sloane* saga * *Yragaël* * *La Nuit* * *Salammbô* * *Nosferatu* |
| Awards | full list |
| www.philippedruillet.com | |


title: Michael Golding (novelist)

abstract: Michael Golding is an American novelist. He is most noted for his 2015 novel A Poet of the Invisible World, which won the Ferro-Grumley Award and was a shortlisted finalist for the Lambda Literary Award for Gay Fiction in 2016. An alumnus of Duke University, Golding previously published the novels Simple Prayers (1994) and Benjamin's Gift (1999), and cowrote the screenplay for the 2007 film Silk. He came out as gay during the process of writing A Poet of the Invisible World.

text:
# Michael Golding (novelist)

**Michael Golding** is an American novelist. He is most noted for his 2015 novel *A Poet of the Invisible World*, which won the Ferro-Grumley Award and was a shortlisted finalist for the Lambda Literary Award for Gay Fiction in 2016.

An alumnus of Duke University, Golding previously published the novels *Simple Prayers* (1994) and *Benjamin's Gift* (1999), and cowrote the screenplay for the 2007 film *Silk*.

He came out as gay during the process of writing *A Poet of the Invisible World*.

## InfoBox

| Michael Golding | |
| --- | --- |
| Occupation | Novelist |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | Duke University |
| Notable awards | Ferro-Grumley Award (2016) |
| Website | |
| www.michaelgoldingwriter.com | |


title: Ninomiya Station

abstract: Ninomiya Station is a passenger railway station located in the town of Ninomiya, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company.

text:
# Ninomiya Station

**Ninomiya Station** (二宮駅, *Ninomiya-eki*) is a passenger railway station located in the town of Ninomiya, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East).

## Lines

Ninomiya Station is served by the Tōkaidō Main Line, and is located 73.1 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Tokyo Station. Trains of the Shōnan-Shinjuku Line also make use of the station.

## Station layout

The station consists of a single island platform with an elevated station building built over the tracks and platform. The station has a *Midori no Madoguchi* staffed ticket office.

## Station layout

| **1** | JT Tōkaidō Line | for Kōzu, Odawara, Atami, Numazu
JT Itō Line for Itō |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **2** | JT Tokaido Line
(Ueno-Tokyo Line) | for Hiratsuka, Yokohama, Tokyo, Ueno, Ōmiya
JU Utsunomiya Line for Utsunomiya and Kuroiso
JU Takasaki Line for Takasaki and Maebashi |
| | JS Shōnan-Shinjuku Line | for Yokohama, Shibuya, Shinjuku, Ikebukuro, Ōmiya, Takasaki and Maebashi (via JU Takasaki Line) |

## Station history

Ninomiya Station first opened on April 15, 1902, as a station for both freight and passenger service on the Tōkaidō Main Line. The initial station was destroyed on March 10, 1945, in an American air raid during World War II. Regularly scheduled freight services were discontinued in 1971, and parcel services by 1972. The current station building was completed in October 1982. With the dissolution and privatization of the JNR on April 1, 1987, the station came under the control of the East Japan Railway Company. Automated turnstiles using the Suica IC Card system came into operation from November 18, 2001.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 13,165 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

The passenger figures (boarding passengers only) for previous years are as shown below.

| Fiscal year | daily average |
| --- | --- |
| 2005 | 14,502 |
| 2010 | 14,042 |
| 2015 | 13,712 |
|

## Surrounding area

* Yoshikawa, Fumio. *Tokaido-sen 130-nen no ayumi*. Grand-Prix Publishing (2002) ISBN 4-87687-234-1.(in Japanese)

## InfoBox

| JT13
Ninomiya Station
二宮駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| North Exit of Ninomiya Station, 2024 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Ninomiya 838, Ninomiya-machi, Naka-gun, Kanagawa-ken 259-0123
Japan |
| Coordinates | 35°17′56.23″N 139°15′27.73″E / 35.2989528°N 139.2577028°E / 35.2989528; 139.2577028 |
| Operated by | JR East |
| Line(s) | Tōkaidō Main Line |
| Distance | 73.1 km from Tokyo. |
| Platforms | 1 island platform |
| Connections | * Bus terminal |
| Other information | |
| Status | Staffed (*Midori no Madoguchi*) |
| Station code | JT13 |
| Website | Official website |
| History | |
| Opened | April 15, 1902 |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| FY2019 | 13,165 daily |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  JR East Following station  KōzuJT14towards Odawara  *Shōnan*  HiratsukaJT11towards Tokyo or Shinjuku  KōzuJT14towards Atami  Tōkaidō Line  ŌisoJT12towards Tokyo  KōzuJT14towards Odawara  Shōnan–Shinjuku Line**Rapid**  ŌisoJT12towards Maebashi | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Ninomiya StationLocation within Kanagawa PrefectureNinomiya StationNinomiya Station (Japan) | |


abstract: The Helpmann Award for Best Contemporary Concert Presentation was an award, presented by Live Performance Australia (LPA) at the annual Helpmann Awards from 2003-2004. The award was first presented in 2003, as an award for a concert presentation but was split into three categories in 2004, for concerts in arena's, stadium's and theatre's. The awards were replaced by the awards for Best Australian Contemporary Concert, Best Contemporary Music Festival and Best International Contemporary Concert. In the following list winners are listed first and marked in gold, in boldface, and the nominees are listed below with no highlight.

text:
# Helpmann Award for Best Contemporary Concert Presentation

The **Helpmann Award for Best Contemporary Concert Presentation** was an award, presented by Live Performance Australia (LPA) at the annual Helpmann Awards from 2003-2004. The award was first presented in 2003, as an award for a concert presentation but was split into three categories in 2004, for concerts in arena's, stadium's and theatre's. The awards were replaced by the awards for Best Australian Contemporary Concert, Best Contemporary Music Festival and Best International Contemporary Concert. In the following list winners are listed first and marked in gold, in boldface, and the nominees are listed below with no highlight.

## Winners and nominees

Winners are listed first and marked in a separate colour, in boldface.

### Best Contemporary Music Concert Presentation

| Year | Artist(s)/Event | Production company(ies) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **2003**
(3rd) | **Soweto Gospel Choir** | **International Concert Attractions and Hocking & Vigo** |
| 2003
(3rd) | Women in Voice 11 | Queensland Performing Arts Centre, Folk Federation and Annie Peterson |
| 2003
(3rd) | Fiddlers' Bid | Melbourne Festival and National Partners |
| 2003
(3rd) | George and special guest Jon Lord with the Sydney Symphony | Sydney Festival and Sydney Opera House in association with Sydney Symphony |

### Best Contemporary Concert Presentation  Arena

| Year | Artist(s) and Event | Production company(ies) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **2004**
(4th) | **Rolling Stones**  **Licks World Tour 2003**
at **Sydney SuperDome** | **Dainty Consolidated Entertainment** and **Clear Channel Entertainment** |
| 2004
(4th) | Australian Idol Live | Michael Chugg Entertainment, Talentworks and Jack Utsick Presents |
| 2004
(4th) | Pink  Try This Tour 2004 | Michael Coppel Presents |
| 2004
(4th) | David Bowie  A Reality Tour
at Sydney Entertainment Centre | Dainty Consolidated Entertainment and Clear Channel Entertainment |

### Best Contemporary Concert Presentation  Stadium

| Year | Artist(s)/Event | Production company(ies) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **2004**
(4th) | **Big Day Out** | **Creative Festival Entertainment** |
| 2004
(4th) | Robbie Williams | Michael Chugg Entertainment and Jack Utsick Presents |
| 2004
(4th) | Melbourne International Music and Blues Festival | Michael Chugg Entertainment, Definitive Events and Talentworks |

### Best Contemporary Concert Presentation  Theatre

| Year | Artist(s) and Event | Production company(ies) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **2004**
(4th) | **Rolling Stones**  **Licks World Tour 2003**
at Enmore Theatre | **Dainty Consolidated Entertainment** and **Clear Channel Entertainment** |
| 2004
(4th) | Sarah McLachlan  Afterglow Tour 2004 | Michael Coppel Presents |
| 2004
(4th) | Taraf de Haïdouks | Sydney Festival |
| 2004
(4th) | Tony Bennett and k.d. lang: The Wonderful World Tour
at the Sydney Opera House | Dainty Consolidated Entertainment |


title: Nanomaterials (journal)

abstract: Nanomaterials is an interdisciplinary scientific journal that covers all aspects of nanomaterials. The journal publishes theoretical and experimental research articles and studies about synthesis and use of nanomaterials. It was founded in 2010. The journal is published by MDPI, as of 2022 editor in chief is Shirley Chiang, an American microscopist from University of California, Davis, the Department of Physics and Astronomy.

text:
# Nanomaterials (journal)

***Nanomaterials*** is an interdisciplinary scientific journal that covers all aspects of nanomaterials. The journal publishes theoretical and experimental research articles and studies about synthesis and use of nanomaterials.

It was founded in 2010. The journal is published by MDPI, as of 2022 editor in chief is Shirley Chiang, an American microscopist from University of California, Davis, the Department of Physics and Astronomy.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:

* DOAJ
* EBSCO
* Scopus
* Science Citation Index Expanded

According to the *Journal Citation Reports*, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 5.3.

## InfoBox

*Nanomaterials*
| Discipline | Nanomaterials |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Publication details | |
| Publisher | MDPI |
| Impact factor | 5.3 (2022) |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Nanomaterials* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 2079-4991
 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Hazardous waste in the United States

abstract:
Under United States environmental policy, hazardous waste is a waste that has the potential to:
  - cause, or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serious irreversible, or incapacitating reversible illness; or
  - pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, or disposed of, or otherwise managed. Under the 1976 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), a facility that treats, stores or disposes of hazardous waste must obtain a permit for doing so. Generators of and transporters of hazardous waste must meet specific requirements for handling, managing, and tracking waste. Through RCRA, Congress directed EPA to issue regulations for the management of hazardous waste. EPA developed strict requirements for all aspects of hazardous waste management including the treatment, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste. In addition to these federal requirements, states may develop more stringent requirements or requirements that are broader in scope than the federal regulations. EPA authorizes states to implement the RCRA hazardous waste program. Authorized states must maintain standards that are equivalent to and at least as stringent as the federal program. Implementation of the authorized program usually includes activities such as permitting, corrective action, inspections, monitoring and enforcement.

text:
# Hazardous waste in the United States

Under United States environmental policy, hazardous waste is a waste (usually a solid waste) that has the potential to:

* cause, or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serious irreversible, or incapacitating reversible illness; or
* pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, or disposed of, or otherwise managed.

Under the 1976 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), a facility that treats, stores or disposes of hazardous waste must obtain a permit for doing so. Generators of and transporters of hazardous waste must meet specific requirements for handling, managing, and tracking waste. Through RCRA, Congress directed EPA to issue regulations for the management of hazardous waste. EPA developed strict requirements for all aspects of hazardous waste management including the treatment, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste. In addition to these federal requirements, states may develop more stringent requirements or requirements that are broader in scope than the federal regulations.

EPA authorizes states to implement the RCRA hazardous waste program. Authorized states must maintain standards that are equivalent to and at least as stringent as the federal program. Implementation of the authorized program usually includes activities such as permitting, corrective action, inspections, monitoring and enforcement.

## Regulatory history

### Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

Modern hazardous waste regulations in the U.S. began with RCRA, which was enacted in 1976. The primary contribution of RCRA was to create a "cradle to grave" system of record keeping for hazardous wastes. Hazardous wastes must be tracked from the time they are generated until their final disposition.

RCRA's recordkeeping system helps to track the life cycle of hazardous material and reduces the amount of hazardous waste illegally disposed. Regulators can monitor hazardous waste by following the "trail" of the waste as is transferred from one entity to another, from the time it is generated until it is disposed.

Amendments to RCRA specified requirements for incinerators and small quantity generators of hazardous waste and required substandard landfills to be closed. Congress also exempted coal combustion residuals and mining waste from the strict hazardous waste permitting requirements.

### Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), was enacted in 1980. The primary contribution of CERCLA was to create a financial "Superfund" and provide for the clean-up and remediation of closed and abandoned hazardous waste sites.

### International treaties

The United States is not a party to the Basel Convention, a 1992 treaty which prohibits the export of hazardous waste from developed countries to developing countries.

## Types of hazardous waste

### Characteristic wastes

Under EPA regulations, "characteristic hazardous wastes" are defined as wastes that exhibit the following characteristics: ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity.

#### Ignitability

Ignitable wastes can create fires under certain conditions, are spontaneously combustible, or are liquids with a flash point less than 60 °C (140 °F). Examples include waste oils and used solvents. For more details, see 40 CFR §261.21. Test methods that may be used to determine ignitability include the Pensky-Martens Closed-Cup Method for Determining Ignitability, the Setaflash Closed-Cup Method for Determining Ignitability, and the Ignitability of Solids.

#### Corrosive

Corrosive wastes are acids or bases (pH less than or equal to 2, or greater than or equal to 12.5) that are capable of corroding metal containers, such as storage tanks, drums, and barrels. Battery acid is an example. For more details, see 40 CFR §261.22. The test method that may be used to determine corrosivity is the Corrosivity Towards Steel (Method 1110A) (PDF).

#### Reactivity

Reactive wastes are unstable under "normal" conditions. They can cause explosions, toxic fumes, radioactive particles, gases, or vapors when heated, compressed, or mixed with water. Examples include lithium-sulfur batteries and explosives. For more details, see 40 CFR §261.23. There are currently no test methods available.

#### Toxicity

Toxic wastes are those containing concentrations of certain substances in excess of regulatory thresholds which are expected to cause injury or illness to human health or the environment. For more details see

#### Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure

Toxicity of a hazardous waste is defined through a laboratory procedure called the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). The TCLP helps identify wastes likely to leach concentrations of contaminants into the environment that may be harmful to human health or the environment.

### Listed wastes

Listed hazardous wastes are generated by specific industries and processes and are automatically considered hazardous waste based solely on the process that generates them and irrespective of whether a test of the waste shows any of the "characteristics" of hazardous waste. Examples of listed wastes include:

* many sludges left over from electroplating processes.
* certain waste from iron and steel manufacturing
* wastes from certain cleaning and/or degreasing processes

Hazardous wastes are incorporated into lists published by the Environmental Protection Agency. These lists are organized into three categories:

* **The F-list** (non-specific source wastes). This list identifies wastes from common manufacturing and industrial processes, such as solvents that have been used in cleaning or degreasing operations. Because the processes producing these wastes can occur in different sectors of industry, the F-listed wastes are known as wastes from non-specific sources. (See 40 CFR 261.31)
* **The K-list** (source-specific wastes). This list includes certain wastes from specific industries, such as petroleum refining or pesticide manufacturing. Certain sludges and wastewaters from treatment and production processes in these industries are examples of source-specific wastes. (See 40 CFR 261.32)
* **Discarded Wastes**: **P-List** and **U-List** wastes are actually sublists of the same major list applying to discarded wastes. These wastes apply to commercial chemical products that are considered hazardous when discarded and are regulated under the following U.S. Federal Regulation: 40 C.F.R. 261.33 (e) and (f). P-List wastes are wastes that are considered "acutely hazardous" when discarded and are subject to more stringent regulation. Nitric oxide is an example of a P-list waste and carries the number P076. U-Listed wastes are considered "hazardous" when discarded and are regulated in a somewhat less stringent manner than P-Listed wastes. Acetone is an example of a U-Listed waste and carries the number U002.

#### Hazardous waste listed by states

Additionally, states may have specific waste codes. For example, the California Department of Toxic Substances Control distinguishes discarded mercury-containing products and waste oil as separate groups of hazardous waste.

##### Discarded mercury-containing products (M-List)

This list includes certain wastes known to contain mercury, such as fluorescent lamps, mercury switches and the products that house these switches, and mercury-containing novelties.

##### Waste oil

In California, waste oil and materials that contain or are contaminated with waste oil are usually regulated as hazardous wastes if they meet the definition of "Used Oil" even if they do not exhibit any of the characteristics of hazardous waste. The term "used oil" is a legal term which means any oil that has been refined from crude oil, or any synthetic oil that has been used and, as a result of use, is contaminated with physical or chemical impurities. Other materials that contain or are contaminated with used oil may also be subject to regulation as "used oil" under Part 279 of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations. Standards for the Management of Used Oil

### Universal wastes

Universal wastes are hazardous wastes that:

* generally pose a lower threat relative to other hazardous wastes
* are ubiquitous and produced in very large quantities by a large number of generators.

Some of the most common "universal wastes" are: fluorescent light bulbs, batteries, cathode ray tubes, and mercury-containing devices.

Universal wastes are subject to somewhat less stringent regulatory requirements and small quantity generators of universal wastes may be classified as "conditionally-exempt small quantity generators" (CESQGs) which releases them from some of the regulatory requirements for the handling and storage of hazardous wastes.

Universal wastes must still be disposed of properly. (For more information, see Fact Sheet: Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generator)

### Other hazardous wastes

EPA has other ways of regulating hazardous waste. These regulations include:

* The "Mixture Rule" (40 CFR Section 261.3(a)) applies to a mixture of a listed hazardous waste and a solid waste and states that the result of a mixture of these two wastes is regulated as a hazardous waste. Exemptions may apply in some cases.
* The "Derived-from Rule" (40 CFR Section 261.3(b)) applies to a waste that is generated from the treatment, storage or disposal of a hazardous waste (for example, the ash from the incineration of hazardous waste). Wastes "derived" in this manner may be regulated as hazardous wastes.
* The "Contained-in Rule" (40 CFR Section 261.3(f)) applies to soil, groundwater, surface water and debris that are contaminated with a listed hazardous waste.

## Exempted hazardous wastes

EPA regulations automatically exempt certain solid wastes from being regulated as "hazardous wastes". This does not necessarily mean the wastes are not hazardous nor that they are not regulated. An exempted hazardous waste simply means that the waste is not regulated by the primary hazardous waste regulations. Many of these wastes may by regulated by different statutes and/or regulations and/or by different regulatory agencies. For example, many hazardous mining wastes are regulated via mining statutes and regulations. "Exempted" hazardous wastes include:

* Household hazardous waste (HHW); (see below)
* Agricultural wastes which are returned to the ground as fertilizer;
* Mining overburden returned to the mine site;
* Utility wastes from coal combustion to produce electricity;
* Oil and natural gas exploration drilling waste;
* Wastes from the extraction, beneficiation and processing of ores and minerals, including coal;
* Cement kiln wastes;
* Wood treated with arsenic preservatives.
* Certain chromium-containing wastes.
* Recycled hazardous wastes: Some hazardous wastes that are recycled may also be exempted from hazardous waste regulations.

## Household hazardous waste

Household hazardous waste (HHW), also referred to as "domestic hazardous waste," is waste that is generated from residential households. HHW only applies to wastes that are the result of the use of materials that are labeled for and sold for "home use" and that are purchased by homeowners or tenants for use in a residential household.

The following list includes categories often applied to HHW. It is important to note that many of these categories overlap and that many household wastes can fall into multiple categories:

Disposal of HHW

Because of the expense associated with the disposal of HHW, it is still legal for most homeowners in the U.S. to dispose of most types of household hazardous wastes as municipal solid waste (MSW) and these wastes can be put in your trash. Laws vary by state and municipality and they are changing every day. Be sure to check with your local environmental regulatory agency, solid waste authority, or health department to find out how HHW is managed in your area.

Modern landfills are designed to handle normal amounts of HHW and minimize the environmental impacts. However, there are still going to be some impacts and there are many ways that homeowners can keep these wastes out of landfills.

Laws regulating HHW in the U.S. are gradually becoming more strict. As of 2007, radioactive smoke detectors are the only HHW that are managed nationally. While it is still legal in the United States to dispose of smoke detectors in your trash in most places, manufacturers of smoke detectors must accept returned units for disposal as mandated by the Nuclear Regulatory law 10 CFR 32.27. If you send your detector back to a manufacturer then it will be disposed in a nuclear waste facility.

States regulate HHW waste disposal in MSW landfills with various requirements, on a state-by-state basis. Some commonly regulated wastes in some (but not all) states include restrictions on the disposal of:

(Note: Yard waste or "green waste" (particularly "source-separated" yard waste such as from a city leaf collection program) is not hazardous but may be a regulated household waste)

Local solid waste authorities and health departments may also have specific bans on wastes that apply to their service area.

**Solid Waste Haulers and HHW**

One "catch-22" that residents often encounter is that while it may be legal to dispose of some HHW in their regular trash, the waste hauler that collects the trash can choose not to haul the waste. It is not uncommon for a waste hauler to refuse to pick up municipal solid waste that contains things like paint and fluorescent light bulbs. There is often little recourse for residents in this case. In these cases the resident may have to make their own arrangements to dispose of the waste by taking it directly to a landfill or solid waste transfer station.

## Final disposition ("disposal") of hazardous waste

Hazardous wastes (HWs) are typically dealt with in five different ways:

### Recycling

Many HWs can be recycled into new products.

### Neutralization

Some HW can be processed so that the hazardous component of the waste is eliminated making it a non-hazardous waste.

### Incineration, destruction and waste-to-energy

A HW may be "destroyed" for example by incinerating it at a high temperature.

### Hazardous waste landfill (sequestering, isolation, etc.)

A HW may be sequestered in a HW landfill or permanent disposal facility. "In terms of hazardous waste, a landfill is defined as a disposal facility or part of a facility where hazardous waste is placed in or on land and which is not a pile, a land treatment facility, a surface impoundment, an underground injection well, a salt dome formation, a salt bed formation, an underground mine, a cave, or a corrective action management unit (40 CFR 260.10)."


title: Nairobi Academy

abstract: Nairobi Academy is a preparatory and secondary school located in the Karen suburb of Nairobi, Kenya.

text:
# Nairobi Academy

**Nairobi Academy** is a preparatory and secondary school located in the Karen suburb of Nairobi, Kenya.

## Establishment

The school was founded by educationist Frank Bentley in 1976.

## Operations

The school caters to ages 2–19, accommodating both boys and girls, and follows the English National Curriculum. It leads students to take the International General Certificate of Secondary Education at 16+ and A-Levels at 18+. Students undertake examinations through both the Cambridge International Examinations and the Edexcel Boards.


title: Port Eads, Louisiana

abstract: Port Eads is a populated place at the southern tip of the Mississippi River, also known as South Pass, in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, United States. It was designated as a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1982.

text:
# Port Eads, Louisiana

**Port Eads** is a populated place at the southern tip of the Mississippi River, also known as South Pass, in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, United States. It was designated as a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1982.

## History

### Eads south pass navigation works

The Mississippi River in the 100-mile-plus stretch between the Port of New Orleans and the Gulf of Mexico frequently suffered from silting up of its outlets, stranding ships, or making parts of the river unnavigable for a period of time. Starting in 1876, James Buchanan Eads (1820–1887) solved the problem with a wooden jetty system that narrowed the main outlet of the river. This caused the river to speed up and cut its channel deeper, so allowing year-round navigation and safe access to the river for large steamers. In the twenty years following the completion of the jetties, trade at New Orleans doubled. Eads was thus honored by having the port at South Pass named after him.

Eads' design for the jetties of the south pass of the Mississippi River was also designated as a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1982.

### Hurricane Katrina

The port was completely devastated by Hurricane Katrina. Very little remained except the lighthouse and a few fishing camps.

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) originally obligated $400,000 to rebuild the Port Eads Marina after Katrina. Parish President Billy Nungesser took office in 2007. He felt the $400,000 was insufficient and he personally traveled to Washington, D.C. and appealed the amount. In early 2009, FEMA authorized up to $12 million for the project.

## Geography

At the Head of Passes, the river separates into three main fingers. Port Eads is found at the southern end of the center branch. A lighthouse there serves oceangoing ships. It is accessible only by boat and helicopter.

It is used primarily by offshore fishermen who begin their journey in Venice, Louisiana, 20.3 miles to the north. Port Eads offers docking and refueling premises, bunk rooms with an in room bath for rent, weigh station, and a small restaurant. Because of its location, offshore fishermen from around the country flock to Port Eads. It is the closest port to the continental shelf, the 100-fathom curve, in the entire Gulf of Mexico. The shelf is five miles from the port.

## Tournament

Each June, the New Orleans Invitational Billfish Tournament is held there. There have been two one-thousand pound Atlantic blue marlin caught by boats using Port Eads, representing two of three "granders" caught on record in the Gulf of Mexico.

## InfoBox

| Port Eads | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Lighthouse at Port Eads | |
| Port EadsLocation of Port Eads in Louisiana | |
| Coordinates: 29°00′56.153″N 89°10′15.776″W / 29.01559806°N 89.17104889°W / 29.01559806; -89.17104889 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Louisiana |
| Parish | Plaquemines |
| Elevation | 0 ft (0 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area code | 504 |


title: America's Super Showcase

abstract: America's Super Showcase was a one-time variety special that aired on ABC on April 5, 1992, as a crossover episode on "America's Funniest People". The special opened as the latter show, then host Kevin Meaney joined Dave Coulier and Arleen Sorkin on the stage and introduced the show.

text:
# America's Super Showcase

***America's Super Showcase*** was a one-time variety special that aired on ABC on April 5, 1992, as a crossover episode on "America's Funniest People". The special opened as the latter show, then host Kevin Meaney joined Dave Coulier and Arleen Sorkin on the stage and introduced the show.

## Segments

The Rhino Records band Big Daddy was the house band.

The first segment featured magician/comedian The Amazing Johnathan who demonstrated many comedy props, such as the Mole In The Back routine and then picked a random audience member and engaged him in a question round and if he won, he would receive a $100 bill (which was actually a $20 bill).

The second segment featured a juggling trio called The Flaming Idiots in which they juggled bowling pins and then did an act called "Human Juggling".

Also included were a European comedy team called "Lacawski and Siegel" who would slap their chests to the tune of the William Tell Overture; a Ventriloquist Lynn Tuxster performed an act with three audience members; Prop comedians Carrot Top and Mike Bent performed comedy skits; and Kevin Meaney closed the show by lip-synching "We Are The World" and imitating the singers who originally participated in the song.

## Background

The show was executive produced by Vin Di Bona. Additional episodes were taped but never aired.


title: Funicin

abstract: Funicin is an antibiotic which is produced by the fungi Aspergillus funiculosus. Funicin has the molecular formula C17H18O5

text:
# Funicin

**Funicin** is an antibiotic which is produced by the fungi *Aspergillus funiculosus*. Funicin has the molecular formula C17H18O5

## InfoBox

Funicin
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| IUPAC name Ethyl 2-hydroxy-4-(3-hydroxy-5-methylphenoxy)-6-methylbenzoate | |
| Other names * 4-Carbethoxydiorcinal * Ethericin B | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C17H18O5/c1-4-21-17(20)16-11(3)7-14(9-15(16)19)22-13-6-10(2)5-12(18)8-13/h5-9,18-19H,4H2,1-3H3Key: FDRRGHPJYCPGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
| SMILES * CCOC(=O)C1=C(C=C(C=C1C)OC2=CC(=CC(=C2)O)C)O | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C17H18O5 |
| Molar mass | 302.326 g·mol−1 |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


title: Michael Gläser

abstract: Michael Gläser is a German singer, choral conductor and academic teacher. He was artistic director of broadcasters' choirs including the Rundfunkchor Berlin and the choir of the Bayerischer Rundfunk. He has been professor of choral conducting and Protestant church music at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater München from 1994. Two recordings for which he conducted a choir were nominated for the Grammy Awards.

text:
# Michael Gläser

**Michael Gläser** (born 2 November 1957) is a German singer, choral conductor and academic teacher. He was artistic director of broadcasters' choirs including the Rundfunkchor Berlin and the choir of the Bayerischer Rundfunk. He has been professor of choral conducting and Protestant church music at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater München from 1994. Two recordings for which he conducted a choir were nominated for the Grammy Awards.

## Life

Born in Chemnitz (then Karl-Marx-Stadt), Gläser attended the Thomasschule zu Leipzig from 1967 to 1978 where he was a member of the Thomanerchor. He studied voice with Heidi Rieß and conducting with Andreas Pieske, Wolf-Dieter Hauschild and Dietrich Knothe at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater "Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy" Leipzig and the Hochschule für Musik "Hanns Eisler" Berlin from 1978 to 1985.

He conducted the GewandhausChor, the Berliner Singakademie and the MDR Rundfunkchor in Leipzig, where he was also active as a singer. In 1986, he became assistant to Dietrich Knothe at the Rundfunkchor Berlin. From 1990 to 2005 he was artistic director of the Chor des Bayerischen Rundfunks. From 1998, the choir held subscription concerts at the Prinzregententheater. He remained a guest conductor of the choir.

In 2014, Gläser stepped in for the sick Thomaskantor Georg Christoph Biller and led the Thomanerchor as interim cantor for a quarter of a year. During this time, he conducted the weekly *Motette* concerts as well as concerts with the Gewandhaus Orchestra.

Since 1994, Gläser has been professor of choral conducting at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater München. He is also head of the Department of Protestant Church Music. In 2003, he founded the Bayerischer Rundfunk Choral Conductors Forum.

## Awards

Recordings with Gläser were nominated twice for the Grammy awards in the category Best Choral Performance, for the 42nd Annual Grammy Awards in 1999 for Schmidt's *Das Buch mit sieben Siegeln*, and for the 50th Annual Grammy Awards in 2007 for Schönberg's *Gurre-Lieder*, with the Choir of the Bavarian Radio and the MDR Radio Choir Leipzig, conducted by Howard Arman.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Michael Gläser | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1957-11-02) 2 November 1957<br>Karl-Marx-Stadt, East Germany |
| Education |  |
| Occupations | * Conductor * Singer * Choral conductor * Academic teacher |
| Organizations |  |


title: Nishi-Jūhatchōme Station

abstract: Nishi-Jūhatchōme Station (西18丁目駅) is a Sapporo Municipal Subway station in Chūō-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. The station number is T07.

text:
# Nishi-Jūhatchōme Station

**Nishi-Jūhatchōme Station** (西18丁目駅) is a Sapporo Municipal Subway station in Chūō-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. The station number is **T07**.

## Platforms

| **1** | Tōzai Line | for Shin-Sapporo |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **2** | Tōzai Line | for Miyanosawa |

## History

The station opened on 10 June 1976 coinciding with the opening of the Tozai Line from Kotoni Station to Shiroishi station.

## Surrounding area

43°3′25.788″N 141°19′48.192″E / 43.05716333°N 141.33005333°E / 43.05716333; 141.33005333

## InfoBox

| T07
Nishi-Jūhatchōme Station
西18丁目駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| Sapporo Municipal Subway station | |
| Station platform 2 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Chūō, Sapporo, Hokkaido
Japan |
| Operated by | Sapporo City Transportation Bureau |
| Line(s) | Tōzai Line |
| Construction | |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Station code | T07 |
| History | |
| Opened | 10 June 1976 (10 June 1976) |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Sapporo Municipal Subway Following station  Maruyama-KōenT06towards Miyanosawa  Tōzai Line  Nishi-JūitchōmeT08towards Shin-Sapporo | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  T07
Nishi-Jūhatchōme StationLocation within HokkaidoT07
Nishi-Jūhatchōme StationT07
Nishi-Jūhatchōme Station (Japan) | |


abstract: The Helpmann Award for Best Choreography in a Musical is a musical award, presented by Live Performance Australia (LPA) at the annual Helpmann Awards since 2001. This is a list of winners and nominations for the Helpmann Award for Best Choreography in a Musical.

text:
# Helpmann Award for Best Choreography in a Musical

The **Helpmann Award for Best Choreography in a Musical** is a musical award, presented by Live Performance Australia (LPA) at the annual Helpmann Awards since 2001. This is a list of winners and nominations for the Helpmann Award for Best Choreography in a Musical.

## Winners and nominees

Winners are listed first and marked in a separate colour.

### 2000s

| Year | Choreographer(s) | Production |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **2001**
(1st) |
| | Ann Reinking | *Chicago* |
| | Anthony Van Laast | *The Boy from Oz* |
| | Kelley Abbey | *Fame* |
| | Stephen Page | *The Sunshine Club* |
| **2002**
(2nd) |
| | David Atkins | *Singin' in the Rain* |
| | Tony Bartuccio | *The Pirates of Penzance* |
| | Kim Gavin | *Oh! What a Night* |
| | Anthony Van Laast | *Mamma Mia!* |
| **2003**
(3rd) |
| | Cynthia Onrubia and Rob Marshall | *Cabaret* |
| | Kelley Abbey | *Footloose* |
| | Geoff Garratt and Matthew Bourne | *Oliver!* |
| | Stephen Mear and Bob Avian | *The Witches of Eastwick* |
| **2004**
(4th) |
| | Garth Fagan | *The Lion King* |
| | Kim Gavin | *Oh! What A Night* |
| | Jerry Mitchell | *The Full Monty* |
| | Arlene Phillips | *We Will Rock You* |
| **2005**
(5th) |
| | Susan Stroman | *The Producers* |
| | Ross Coleman | *Urinetown* |
| | Paul Mercurio | *Annie Get Your Gun* |
| | Arlene Phillips | *Saturday Night Fever* |
| **2006**
(6th) |
| | Ross Coleman | *Dusty – The Original Pop Diva* |
| | Ross Coleman | *The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee* |
| | Andrew Hallsworth | *Leader of the Pack* |
| | Andrew Hallsworth | *Menopause The Musical* |
| **2007**
(7th) |
| | Kelley Abbey and Kenny Ortega | *The Boy from Oz* |
| | Geoffrey Garratt and Bob Avian | *Miss Saigon* |
| | Ross Coleman | *Pippin* |
| | Ross Coleman | *Priscilla, Queen of the Desert* |
| **2008**
(8th) |
| | Peter Darling | *Billy Elliot the Musical* |
| | Rob Ashford | *Guys and Dolls* |
| | Ross Coleman | *Sweet Charity* |
| | Ross Coleman | *Shout! The Legend Of The Wild One* |
| **2009**
(9th) |
| | Wayne Cilento | *Wicked* |
| | Gideon Obarzanek | *Shane Warne: The Musical* |
| | Jo Stone | *Metro Street* |
| | Nathan M. Wright | *Gutenberg! The Musical!* |

### 2010s

| Year | Choreographer(s) | Production |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **2010**
(10th) |
| | Kelley Abbey | *Fame* |
| | Andrew Hallsworth | *The Drowsy Chaperone* |
| | Sergio Trujillo | *Jersey Boys* |
| | Nathan M. Wright | *Avenue Q* |
| **2011**
(11th) |
| | Matthew Bourne and Stephen Mear | *Mary Poppins* |
| | Jason Coleman | *Hairspray* |
| | Kelly Devine | *Dr Zhivago* |
| | Graeme Murphy | *Love Never Dies* |
| **2012**
(12th) |
| | Kelly Devine | *Rock of Ages* |
| | Kelly Aykers | *Annie* |
| | Michael Bennett | *A Chorus Line* |
| | Andrew Hallsworth | *An Officer and a Gentleman* |
| **2013**
(13th) |
| | Jerry Mitchell | *Legally Blonde* |
| | Sergio Trujillo | *The Addams Family* |
| | Christopher Gattelli | *South Pacific* |
| | Tony Bartuccio | *Chess* |
| **2014**
(14th) |
| | Andrew Hallsworth | *Sweet Charity* |
| | John O'Connell | *Strictly Ballroom The Musical* |
| | David Atkins and Dein Perry | *Hot Shoe Shuffle* |
| | Susan Kikuchi | *The King and I* |
| **2015**
(15th) |
| | Andrew Hallsworth | *Anything Goes* |
| | Michael Ashcraft and Geoffrey Garratt | *Les Misérables* |
| | Steven Hoggett | *Once* |
| | Kate Champion and Michelle Lynch | *Dirty Dancing \- The Classic Story on Stage* |
| **2016**
(16th) |
| | Peter Darling | *Matilda the Musical* |
| | Andrew Hallsworth | *Little Shop of Horrors* |
| | Arlene Phillips | *The Sound of Music* |
| | Andrew Wright | *Singin' in the Rain* |
| **2017**
(17th) |
| | Jerry Mitchell | *Kinky Boots* |
| | Christopher Gattelli | *My Fair Lady* |
| | Casey Nicholaw | *Aladdin* |
| | Casey Nicholaw | *The Book of Mormon* |
| 2018
(18th) | Tom Hodgson | *Mamma Mia!* |
| | Karen Bruce | *The Bodyguard* |
| | Josh Prince | *Beautiful: The Carole King Musical* |
| | Andrew Hallsworth | *Muriel's Wedding* |
| 2019
(19th) | Malik Le Nost and Mitchell Woodcock | *Saturday Night Fever* |
| | Amy Campbell | *In the Heights* |
| | Joshua Bergasse | *Roald Dahl's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory* |
| | Julio Monge | *Handa Opera on Sydney Harbour: West Side Story* |

## InfoBox

| Helpmann Award for
Best Choreography in a Musical | |
| --- | --- |
| Awarded for | Best Choreography in a Musical |
| Location | Australia |
| Presented by | Live Performance Australia |
| Currently held by | Jerry Mitchell for *Kinky Boots* (2017) |
| Website | HelpmannAwards.com.au |


title: Mérida tapaculo

abstract: The Mérida tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is endemic to Venezuela.

text:
# Mérida tapaculo

The **Mérida tapaculo** (***Scytalopus meridanus***) is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is endemic to Venezuela.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The Mérida tapaculo was previously considered a subspecies of brown-rumped tapaculo (*Scytalopus latebricola*) but was elevated to species rank based on differences in their vocalizations. Two subspecies are currently (2021) recognized, the nominate *S. meridanus meridanus* and the "Lara" *S. m. fuscicauda*. The latter was at one time classed as a subspecies of Magellanic tapaculo (*S. magellanicus*) and has also been considered a separate species, "Lara tapaculo". It might even be conspecific with *S. a. meridanus* and not a subspecies.

## Description

The Mérida tapaculo is 10.5 to 11.5 cm (4.1 to 4.5 in) long and weighs 13.5 to 16.5 g (0.48 to 0.58 oz). The male's upper body is dark gray washed with brown; the rump and wings are brown. The throat, breast, and belly are paler gray and the flanks and crissum (the area around the cloaca) tawny with faint darker bars. The female is generally paler but the brown wash of the upper body is darker and the tawny flanks brighter. The juvenile is overall brown, darker above and lighter below, with barred underparts. The adult "Lara" subspecies has minor plumage differences from the nominate but they are thought to be age related.

## Distribution and habitat

The Mérida tapaculo is found only in the Andes of Venezuela. The nominate subspecies is more southerly, in Mérida and Táchira States, while the "Lara" subspecies is north of it in Lara and Trujillo States. It inhabits the undergrowth and edges of humid montane forest. It is found in *Chusquea* bamboo but does not prefer it. The nominate subspecies is found mostly from 2,200 to 4,000 m (7,200 to 13,100 ft) elevation while the "Lara" subspecies is found lower, from 1,600 to 3,200 m (5,200 to 10,500 ft).

## Behavior

### Feeding

The Mérida tapaculo's diet and foraging phenology have not been studied.

### Breeding

Little is known about the Mérida tapaculo's breeding phenology. Two nests of the "Lara" subspecies were globes made of moss, rootlets, and leaves. They were in crevices in a rock wall; one had one egg and the other two eggs. At both nests, both adults incubated the eggs until they were predated.

### Vocalization

The Mérida tapaculo's song starts with a few descending notes and becomes a rising trill . It has several calls such as , , and .

## Status

The IUCN has assessed the Mérida tapaculo as being of Least Concern. Though its range is rather small and its population number is not known, it appears to be common with a stable population. Both subspecies occur in several protected areas.

## InfoBox

| Mérida tapaculo | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Rhinocryptidae |
| Genus: | *Scytalopus* |
| Species: | ***S. meridanus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Scytalopus meridanus***
Hellmayr, 1922 | |
|
|  | |


title: Nancy Sullivan (biologist)

abstract: Nancy Jean Sullivan is an American cell biologist researching filovirus immunology and vaccine development. She is a senior investigator and chief of the biodefense research section at the Vaccine Research Center. Her team discovered the monoclonal antibody, mAb114.

text:
# Nancy Sullivan (biologist)

**Nancy Jean Sullivan** is an American cell biologist researching filovirus immunology and vaccine development. She is a senior investigator and chief of the biodefense research section at the Vaccine Research Center. Her team discovered the monoclonal antibody, mAb114.

## Education

Sullivan completed a doctor of science from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health in 1997. She conducted a dissertation in the laboratory of Joseph Sodroski, where her work demonstrated that primary HIV isolates exhibit resistance to antibody neutralization due to occlusion of the coreceptor binding site on gp120. Following her work on HIV, Sullivan pursued postdoctoral training under the guidance of Gary Nabel, studying the mechanisms of Ebola virus pathogenesis and immune protection.

## Career

Sullivan is a cell biologist. She is a tenured senior investigator and chief of the biodefense research section at the Vaccine Research Center.

### Research

Sullivan’s research is on the immunologic correlates and mechanisms of protection against infection by hemorrhagic fever viruses including Ebola virus. Her work on filovirus immunology and vaccine development is widely considered as one of the very best in the field despite the difficulties of conducting research under highly specialized BSL-4 containment conditions. Sullivan’s innovative and specialized work on filovirus immunology is recognized worldwide and has consistently been the source of novel observations that have contributed to critical advancements in the field.

Sullivan’s long-term commitment to Ebola research has resulted in discovery of both vaccines and therapies. By using a novel gene-based prime boost vaccine, Sullivan and her team were the first to demonstrate vaccine protection against Ebola infection in primates. This was followed by her discovery of a single shot vaccine that provided more immediate protection, making it a very practical vaccine that could be used in the face of an acute Ebola epidemic. As a result, this vaccination schedule is now standard in the field of Ebola vaccine research, where one of the lead Ebola vaccine candidates, ChAd3-EBOV, has been advanced to Phase I/II and III human clinical trials. More recently, Sullivan and her team discovered a potently protective monoclonal antibody, mAb114, from a human Ebola survivor that completely rescues Ebola-infected primates, even when given as a monotherapy several days after their Ebola exposure.

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Institutes of Health.

## InfoBox

| Nancy Sullivan | |
| --- | --- |
| Sullivan in 2015 | |
| Born | Nancy Jean Sullivan |
| Alma mater | Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (ScD) |
| Known for | Filovirus immunology, vaccine development |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Cell biology |
| Institutions | Vaccine Research Center |
| Thesis | *Determinants of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein-mediated fusion and antibody neutralization* (1997) |
| Doctoral advisor | Joseph Sodroski |
|  | |


title: Hatton, Arkansas

abstract: Hatton is an unincorporated community in Polk County, Arkansas, United States.

text:
# Hatton, Arkansas

**Hatton** is an unincorporated community in Polk County, Arkansas, United States.

## Notable person

## InfoBox

| Hatton, Arkansas | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Hatton, ArkansasHatton, Arkansas | |
| Coordinates: 34°21′30″N 94°22′19″W / 34.35833°N 94.37194°W / 34.35833; -94.37194 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Arkansas |
| County | Polk |
| Elevation | 1,194 ft (364 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area code | 479 |
| GNIS feature ID | 57899 |


title: Nairobi (disambiguation)

abstract: Nairobi is the capital and largest city of Kenya. Nairobi may also refer to:

text:
# Nairobi (disambiguation)

**Nairobi** is the capital and largest city of Kenya.

**Nairobi** may also refer to:

## Geography and government

## International agreements

* Nairobi Agreement, 1985, a peace deal between the Ugandan government and the National Resistance Army (NRA)
* Nairobi Agreement, 1999, signed by the Presidents of Sudan and Uganda, in relation to resolving the northern Uganda conflict
* Nairobi Convention, a regional framework agreement of 1985 for marine environmental management

## Buildings and organizations

## Education

## Transport

## Sport

## Arts and entertainment

## Biology

* Nairobi fly, two species of beetle, *Paederus eximius* and *Paederus sabaeus*
* Nairobi grass rat (*Arvicanthis nairobae*), a species of rodent in the family Muridae, found in Kenya, Tanzania, and possibly Ethiopia


title: Jost Hochuli

abstract: Jost Hochuli is a Swiss graphic designer known for his book designs. He is also the author of Detail in Typography, which has been translated into several languages.

text:
# Jost Hochuli

**Jost Hochuli** (born 8 June 1933 in St. Gallen, Switzerland) is a Swiss graphic designer known for his book designs. He is also the author of *Detail in Typography*, which has been translated into several languages.

## Early career

Jost Hochuli attended the school of arts and crafts in St. Gallen from 1952 to 1954 and then worked from 1954 to 1955 as an apprentice with Rudolf Hostettler at the Zollikofer & Co. AG printing house, St. Gallen. He completed an apprenticeship as a typographer from 1955 to 1958 partly at the Zollikofer press and partly in typesetting class at the Zurich School of Applied Arts, where he also attended typesetting courses with Walter Käch.

In 1958-1959, during a stay in Paris, he attended courses with Adrian Frutiger at the École Estienne.

## Career

Jost Hochuli opened his commercial graphics workshop in 1959, focused on industrial and institutional graphics.

In 1979, Jost Hochuli was one of the co-founders of the VGS Publishing Association (today Publishing Association) St. Gallen. The small publisher publishes mainly, but not exclusively, local and regional articles. From its foundation until 2004, Jost Hochuli was president of the publishing house, and until 2011 he was also responsible for the design of the books. As editor and designer, Jost Hochuli has worked in the Edition Typotron series (1983-1998) and Edition Ostschweiz (since 2000).

As an author, he has published books and various articles on typography and book design. His book *The Detail in Typography* has been translated into eleven languages in recent years and is widely used by experts. Other renowned specialist publications are his book *Make Books or Overview of Book Design* in Switzerland.

From 1967 to 1980, as a successor to Walter Käch, he was a part-time type teacher at the Zurich School of Applied Arts, later also for formal basic training for graphic designers, interrupted by a six-month study visit to England in 1968. From 1980 to 1996, Hochuli was a part-time type teacher at the St. Gallen School of Design, as well as director of the extra-occupational training course 'Type Designer'.

Currently, Jost Hochuli works as designer supervising book projects, organizes and curates exhibitions on the subject of book design, and offers lectures, seminars, and workshops at home and abroad. In 2010 he founded the typeface company ABC Litera with typographers Roland Stieger and Jonas Niedermann, who also sells his first typeface, Allegra.He established the type foundry ABC Litera in 2014 with Roland Stieger and Jonas Niedermann. He designed the typeface Allegra.

## Prizes and awards

Hochuli has received the Icograda Honorary Award at the International Book Art Exhibition in Leipzig (1989); the Gutenberg Prize of the City of Leipzig (1999); Jan Tschichold Prize (2004). He is an Honorary Member of the Double Crown Club in London and Senator of the International Gutenberg Society in Mainz.

## Publications

* *Detail in typography* (1987)
* *Book design in Switzerland* (1993)
* *Designing books: practice and theory* (1996)
* *Jost Hochuli: Printed matter, mainly books* (2002)

1. Pritchard, Tony (2017). "Jost Hochuli: Awarded an Honorary FISTD". *Typographic*. **70**: 26–27. ISSN 0143-7623.


title: Funiculaire Lausanne-Signal

abstract: Funiculaire Lausanne-Signal was a funicular railway in Lausanne, Switzerland. The line led from Vallon near the old town at 450 m to the viewpoint Signal de Sauvabelin at 564 m. It had a length of 467 m with a difference of elevation of 114 m and a maximum inclination of 28%. The funicular with two cars had a single track with a passing loop, a tunnel of 135 m just below the upper station, and a viaduct of 127 m. It opened on 18 October 1898, a few years after the Lac de Sauvabelin had been built. Two generators at the upper station powered the line until electrification in 1903. The line closed in 1948. In 2005, remains of the line are still visible: lower station building, stone arches of the viaduct and parts of the tunnel. The lower portion of the tunnel is partially accessible.

text:
# Funiculaire Lausanne-Signal

**Funiculaire Lausanne-Signal** was a funicular railway in Lausanne, Switzerland. The line led from Vallon near the old town at 450 m to the viewpoint Signal de Sauvabelin at 564 m. It had a length of 467 m with a difference of elevation of 114 m and a maximum inclination of 28%. The funicular with two cars had a single track with a passing loop, a tunnel of 135 m just below the upper station, and a viaduct of 127 m. It opened on 18 October 1898, a few years after the Lac de Sauvabelin had been built. Two generators at the upper station powered the line until electrification in 1903.

The line closed in 1948.

In 2005, remains of the line are still visible: lower station building, stone arches of the viaduct and parts of the tunnel. The lower portion of the tunnel is partially accessible.

## InfoBox

| Funiculaire Lausanne-Signal | |
| --- | --- |
| Overview | |
| Other name(s) | Funiculaire du Signal |
| Status | Ceased operation |
| Owner | Compagnie du chemin de fer du Lausanne-Signal |
| Locale | Lausanne <br>Switzerland |
| Termini | * Lausanne (Vallon) * Signal |
| Stations | 2 |
| Service | |
| Type | Funicular |
| Rolling stock | 2 for 50 persons each |
| History | |
| Opened | 14:08, 18 October 1899 (1899-10-18T14:08) |
| Closed | 31 October 1948 (1948-10-31) |
| Technical | |
| Number of tracks | 1 with passing loop |
| Track gauge | 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+38 in) |
| Electrification | 1903 |
| Highest elevation | 564 m (1,850 ft) |
| Maximum incline | 28% |


title: Michael Gluck

abstract: Michael Gluck is the founder of VGM, a market research firm and the largest provider of custom research to the video game industry.

text:
# Michael Gluck

**Michael Gluck** (born March 8, 1983) is the founder of VGM, a market research firm and the largest provider of custom research to the video game industry.

## VGM

In 2007, at the age of 24, Michael started VGM with $5,000 in savings and grew the company to $20,000,000 in lifetime sales by the age of 30. As of 2017, VGM had serviced more than 50 video game companies, as well as industry leaders in entertainment, media, and technology.

## Piano Squall

As a college student, Gluck performed piano concerts and released an album under the stage name “Piano Squall” to raise money for the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, in support of a cure for the disease that took his grandmother’s life.

## Other ventures

In 2013, Gluck co-founded and produced a video game music band that is currently on tour in the United States, Australia, and the Middle East.

## Education

Gluck studied business at the University of Pennsylvania and graduated in the class of 2005.

## Personal life

Gluck was born in Miami, Florida. He enjoys piano, tennis, and chess.

## InfoBox

| Michael Gluck | |
| --- | --- |
| Michael Gluck | |
| Born | (1983-03-08) March 8, 1983<br>Miami, Florida |
| Alma mater | University of Pennsylvania |
| Occupation | Founder of VGM |


title: Nishi-Hiroshima Station

abstract: Nishi-Hiroshima Station Nishi-Hiroshima Station is a passenger railway station located in Nishi-ku in the city of Hiroshima, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the West Japan Railway Company. The station connects to Hiroden-nishi-hiroshima Station on the Hiroden Lines.

text:
# Nishi-Hiroshima Station

**Nishi-Hiroshima Station** (西広島駅, *Nishi-Hiroshima-eki*) is a passenger railway station located in Nishi-ku in the city of Hiroshima, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West). The station connects to Hiroden-nishi-hiroshima Station on the Hiroden Lines.

## Lines

Nishi-Hiroshima Station is served by the JR West Sanyō Main Line, and is located 310.7 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Kobe.

## Station layout

The station consists of one ground-level side platform and one island platform connected by an elevated station building. The station is staffed.

## Platforms

| **1, 2** | Sanyō Main Line | for Miyajimaguchi and Iwakuni |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **2, 3** | Sanyō Main Line | for Hiroshima and Mihara |

## History

Nishi-Hiroshima Station was opened on 25 September 1897 as *Koi Station* (己斐駅) on the San'yo Railway, when the line was extended from Hiroshima to Tokuyama. The line was nationalised in 1906 and became the San'yo Main Line in 1909. The station name was changed to "Nishi-Hiroshima Station" in 1969. With the privatization of the Japan National Railway (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the station came under the aegis of the West Japan railway Company (JR West). The new station building started construction in 2019 and was opened for service on 19 December 2022.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 9,399 passengers daily.

## Surrounding area

* Hiroshima City Nishi Ward Office
* Hiroshima Institute of Technology College
* Notre Dame Seishin Junior and Senior High School

### Hiroden

Media related to Nishi-Hiroshima Station at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Nishi-Hiroshima Station
西広島駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| Nishi-Hiroshima Station, December 2022 | |
| General information | |
| Location | 1-chōme-11 Koihonmachi, Nishi-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima-ken, 733-0812
Japan |
| Coordinates | 34°23′52.2″N 132°25′40.72″E / 34.397833°N 132.4279778°E / 34.397833; 132.4279778 |
| Owned by | West Japan Railway Company |
| Operated by | West Japan Railway Company |
| Line(s) | Sanyō Main Line |
| Distance | 310.7 km (193.1 mi) from Kobe |
| Platforms | 1 side + 1 island platform |
| Tracks | 3 |
| Connections | * Bus stop |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | At-grade |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Status | Staffed |
| Station code | JR-R04 |
| Website | Official website |
| History | |
| Opened | 25 September 1897 (1897-09-25) |
| Rebuilt | 2019–2022 |
| Previous names | Koi (to 1969) |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| FY2019 | 9,399 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  JR West Following station  Shin-Inokuchitowards Iwakuni  San'yō Line**Rapid**  Yokogawatowards Hiroshima  San'yō Line**Local** | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Nishi-Hiroshima StationLocation within Hiroshima PrefectureNishi-Hiroshima StationNishi-Hiroshima Station (Japan) | |


title: Helpling

abstract: Helpling GmbH & Co. KG is an online platform for cleaning services and household-related services with over 42 subsidiaries worldwide. The company was founded in 2014 by Benedikt Franke and Philip Huffmann. The Helpling Group is headquartered in Berlin, Germany.

text:
# Helpling

**Helpling GmbH & Co. KG** is an online platform for cleaning services and household-related services with over 42 subsidiaries worldwide. The company was founded in 2014 by Benedikt Franke and Philip Huffmann. The Helpling Group is headquartered in Berlin, Germany.

## History

2014 In the first few months after the market launch, Helpling focused on expanding throughout Germany and Europe, expanding the customer experience and broadening brand awareness.

Helpling expanded into France, the Netherlands, Austria, Sweden, Spain and Australia in the spring of 2014. The Helpling app went live in the middle of the year and with Helpling Singapore the company expanded into Asia for the first time.

2015 In July, Helpling acquired Hassle.com, one of Europe's largest competitors for home services and market leader at the time in Great Britain. The acquisition expanded Helpling's sphere of activity to include Great Britain and Ireland. With this market leadership in Europe Helpling focused on achieving profitability.

As part of the acquisition, Helpling migrated its platform globally to Hassle.com's technology, which is designed to enable long-term relationships between cleaners and customers: the migration improved Helpling's user experience. The new platform allows customers to browse individual profiles before booking. In addition, it offers cleaners and customers more features to manage their business relationship directly on the platform.

February Helpling goes live in the United Arab Emirates, further expanding its global business.

September Helpling expands its locations in Brazil, Canada, Sweden and Spain and acquires GetYourHero in France. In the years that followed, some markets were closed and focus markets were defined.

2016 Helpling migrates to Hassle.com's technology platform.

2019 MySkills Academy is founded. Helpling's training and community building initiative supports people in their job search via digital platforms. Helpling builds a B2B segment through the acquisition of Book a Tiger.

Helpling achieves profitability for the first time

2020 Helpling works with the first franchisees in France and strengthens the B2B business by founding goodworkvibes, a community building initiative and media platform for office management.

2021 Helpling reorganizes its brand architecture and develops the Helpling Group as a higher authority.

The Helpling Group continues to invest in its premium offering through the acquisition of Call Jeffrey.

## Business Models & Subsidiaries

The Helpling Group has combined various business models. Helpling Select serves as a platform for self-employed cleaners to generate customers, manage customer relationships and solve invoices. Here Helpling is the market leader in Germany. Helpling Premium provides household help who are employed by partner companies and offer a service around the household. The B2B area is covered by Tiger Facility Services, an office service provider, and goodworkvibes, a magazine for office managers. The MySkills Academy trains service providers to get started working on digital platforms.

## InfoBox

Helpling GmbH & Co. KG
| Type of business | E-commerce CRM |
| --- | --- |
| Headquarters | Berlin, Germany, |
| Area served | worldwide |
| Owner | Helpling GmbH |
| Founder(s) | Benedikt Franke, Philip Huffmann |
| CEO | Philip Huffmann |
| Services | Home cleaning |
| URL | www.helpling.com |
| Launched | 2014 (2014) |


title: Mérida wren

abstract: The Mérida wren, or paramo wren, is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is endemic to Venezuela.

text:
# Mérida wren

The **Mérida wren** (***Cistothorus meridae***), or **paramo wren**, is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is endemic to Venezuela.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The Mérida wren is monotypic. Apolinar's wren (*C. apolinari*), grass wren (*C. platensis*), and it form a superspecies.

## Description

The Mérida wren is 10 cm (3.9 in) long. Adults have a medium brown crown and nape with darker brown streaks, blackish brown shoulders and upper back with off-white streaks, and a blackish and brown streaked rump. Their tail is medium brown with crisp black bars. They have an off-white supercilium that is wider to the rear, cheeks mottled with brown, and off-white chin and throat. Their chest is buffy and the flanks a darker buff.

## Distribution and habitat

The Mérida wren is found in the Andes of Venezuela from Trujillo south to northeastern Táchira. It inhabits wet páramo with scattered bushes at elevations between 3,000 and 4,100 m (9,800 and 13,500 ft). It is mostly sedentary but may move altitudinally and is thought to leave some areas during the rainy season.

## Behavior

### Feeding

The Mérida wren forages low in the vegetation for arthropods; no details have been published.

### Breeding

Very little is known about the Mérida wren's breeding phenology. It is polygamous and uses "dormitory" nests for roosting but not breeding.

### Vocalization

The male Mérida wren has a repertoire of 20 to 25 songs that vary geographically and even among individuals in a region. Some examples are , , and .

## Status

The IUCN has assessed the Mérida wren as being of Least Concern. "Despite its small global range, the harsh nature of its habitat does not invite much human interference. Some areas of its range are protected."

## InfoBox

| Mérida wren | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Troglodytidae |
| Genus: | *Cistothorus* |
| Species: | ***C. meridae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cistothorus meridae***
Hellmayr, 1907 | |
|
|  | |


title: Nanairo Dam

abstract: Nanairo Dam The Nanairo Dam is a concrete gravity-arch dam located in Kumano, Mie Prefecture, Japan. The dam crosses the Kitayama River, a tributary of the Kumano River near the border of Mie Prefecture with Wakayama Prefecture. The dam was constructed by Obayashi Corporation, with construction starting in 1963, and completed by 1965. It is currently owned maintained by the Electric Power Development Company. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation, with the dam supplying the nearby Ikehara Power Plant, with an installed turbine capacity of 350 megawatts (470,000 hp). The reservoir behind the dam also serves as a pumped storage facility in conjunction with neighboring Ikehara Dam in Wakayama.

text:
# Nanairo Dam

The  **Nanairo Dam** (七色ダム, *Nanairo-damu*) is a concrete gravity-arch dam located in Kumano, Mie Prefecture, Japan. The dam crosses the Kitayama River, a tributary of the Kumano River near the border of Mie Prefecture with Wakayama Prefecture.

The dam was constructed by Obayashi Corporation, with construction starting in 1963, and completed by 1965. It is currently owned maintained by the Electric Power Development Company. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation, with the dam supplying the nearby Ikehara Power Plant, with an installed turbine capacity of 350 megawatts (470,000 hp). The reservoir behind the dam also serves as a pumped storage facility in conjunction with neighboring Ikehara Dam in Wakayama.

## InfoBox

| Nanairo Dam | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Official name | 七色ダム |
| Location | Kumano, Mie Prefecture, Japan |
| Coordinates | 33°57′37″N 136°00′08″E / 33.96028°N 136.00222°E / 33.96028; 136.00222 |
| Construction began | 1963 |
| Opening date | 1965 |
| Owner(s) | Electric Power Development Company |
| Operator(s) | Electric Power Development Company |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Type of dam | Arch-gravity dam |
| Impounds | Kitayama River of the Kumano River System |
| Height | 61 m (200 ft) |
| Length | 200.8 m (659 ft) |
| Reservoir | |
| Total capacity | 61,300,000 m3 (49,700 acre⋅ft) |
| Catchment area | 462 km2 (178 sq mi) |
| Surface area | 332 ha (820 acres) |
| Power Station | |
| Annual generation | 350 MW (470,000 hp) |


title: Hatton, Cheshire West and Chester

abstract: Hatton is a former civil parish, now in the parishes of Hargrave and Huxley, Golborne David and Tattenhall and District, in the unitary authority of Cheshire West and Chester and ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. The parish included most of the village of Hatton Heath, which is approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) south east of Chester and 4 miles (6.4 km) north-west of Tattenhall. In the 2001 census it had a population of 120, The population in the 2011 census was 198, which included the parish of Golborne Bellow.

text:
# Hatton, Cheshire West and Chester

**Hatton** is a former civil parish, now in the parishes of Hargrave and Huxley, Golborne David and Tattenhall and District, in the unitary authority of Cheshire West and Chester and ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. The parish included most of the village of **Hatton Heath**, which is approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) south east of Chester and 4 miles (6.4 km) north-west of Tattenhall.

In the 2001 census it had a population of 120, The population in the 2011 census was 198, which included the parish of Golborne Bellow.

## History

The name Hatton means "heath farm/settlement" and likely derives from the Old English words *hǣð* (heather, a tract of uncultivated land) and *tūn* (a farmstead or settlement).

Hatton was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as *Etune*, under the ownership of Ilbert of Roullours. The entry lists only one household (a villager), making it amongst the smallest 20% of settlements recorded in the survey.

It was in Broxton Hundred. Hatton was formerly a township in the parish of Waverton, in 1866 Hatton became a separate civil parish. The population was recorded at 152 in 1801, then 164 in 1851, 134 in 1901 and decreasing to 126 by 1951. On 1 April 2015 the parish was abolished to form "Hargrave and Huxley" and "Tattenhall and District", part also went to Golborne David.

## Landmarks

Hatton Hall moated site is an ancient monument and dates to c.1200. The moat surrounds an island of approximately 60m x 55m upon which stood the hall, a quadrangular structure of timber. The hall was replaced by the present farm house c.1830 and a sandstone revetted causeway was constructed in the early 19th century. These are both Grade II listed buildings.

### Notes

### Citations

1. "Hatton (near Tattenhall)". GENUKI. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
2. UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Hatton/Golborne Berrow Parishes (E04011111)". *Nomis*. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
3. "Key to English Place-Names: Hatton". University of Nottingham. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
4. "Cheshire A-K: Hatton". Domesday Book Online. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
5. Powell-Smith, Anna. "Hatton". Open Domesday/University of Hull. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
6. "History of Hatton, in Chester and Cheshire". A Vision of Britain through Time. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
7. "Relationships and changes Hatton Tn/CP through time". A Vision of Britain through Time. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
8. Historic England. "Hatton Hall moated site (1011787)". *National Heritage List for England*. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
9. Historic England. "Hatton Hall (1330236)". *National Heritage List for England*. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
10. Historic England. "Causeway over moat at Hatton Hall (1130646)". *National Heritage List for England*. Retrieved 2 July 2017.

Media related to Hatton at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Hatton | |
| --- | --- |
| Grange Farm | |
| HattonLocation within Cheshire | |
| Population | 198 (2011 census) |
| OS grid reference | SJ467604 |
| Civil parish |  |
| Unitary authority |  |
| Ceremonial county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | CHESTER |
| Postcode district | CH3 |
| Dialling code | 01829 |
|  | |
| Police | Cheshire |
| Fire | Cheshire |
| Ambulance | North West |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Nasalance

abstract:
Nasalance is a measure of the degree of velopharyngeal opening in voiced speech formed by computing the ratio of the amplitude of the acoustic energy at the nares, An, to amplitude of the acoustic energy at the mouth, Am. The term nasalance usually refers to this ratio as a percentage,
  - A n × 100 %, and thus may be more properly expressed as percent nasalance. The term originated in the work of Fletcher and his associates and is now implemented in a number of commercially available devices. There are small differences in the manner in which nasalance is computed in various devices, and differences in the manner in which the oral and nasal acoustic energies are separated physically, as by a hard separator plate held against the upper lip vs. a two-chamber pneumotachograph mask. However, there have been no conclusive studies of the effect of these differences on a relevant underlying physical variable, such as the area of the velopharyngeal opening.

text:
# Nasalance

**Nasalance** is a measure of the degree of velopharyngeal opening in voiced speech formed by computing the ratio of the amplitude of the acoustic energy at the nares, An, to amplitude of the acoustic energy at the mouth, Am. The term *nasalance* usually refers to this ratio as a percentage,

$$\dfrac {A\_{n}{(A\_{m}+A\_{n})}\times 100\\%,}$$

and thus may be more properly expressed as *percent nasalance*. The term originated in the work of Fletcher and his associates and is now implemented in a number of commercially available devices. There are small differences in the manner in which nasalance is computed in various devices, and differences in the manner in which the oral and nasal acoustic energies are separated physically, as by a hard separator plate held against the upper lip vs. a two-chamber pneumotachograph mask. However, there have been no conclusive studies of the effect of these differences on a relevant underlying physical variable, such as the area of the velopharyngeal opening.

1. "Nasalance".
2. Fletcher, S; Frost, I; Frost, S (1974). "Quantitative and graphic analysis of prosthetic treatment for 'nasalance' in speech". *The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry*. **32** (3): 284–91. doi:10.1016/0022-3913(74)90032-8. PMID 4373571.
3. R.J. Baken, Robert F. Orlikoff. *Clinical Measurement of Speech and Voice* San Diego: Singular, 2000
4. lingWAVES™ Nasality
5. "Kay-PENTAX Nasometer". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-07-16.
6. Glottal Enterprises NVS System Archived 2008-12-05 at the Wayback Machine
7. "A New Method for the Measurement of Nasalance - Mask Based Nasometry".


title: Ponti Anak Remaja

abstract: Ponti Anak Remaja is a Malaysian miniseries about Ponti, a human-vampire half-breed who just wants a normal human life. She is fascinated with the human world after she met a group of college students doing a research of a mythical flower in a local reserved forest which is actually inhabited by the vampires. She became friends with the students. They manage to somehow enroll her in the college, and unlike any other normal human, she has the ability to learn fast and other few super abilities. Ponti herself is a bubbly, fun, energetic and friendly girl who just wants to fit in the social. She started dating Hazuan, the popular guy. Hazuan's ex-girlfriend Sofea became furious and hated this so she planned to make Ponti's life a living hell. Ponti also has to face Kamal, her vampire ex-boyfriend who would do anything to win her back.

text:
# Ponti Anak Remaja

***Ponti Anak Remaja*** is a Malaysian miniseries about Ponti, a human-vampire half-breed who just wants a normal human life. She is fascinated with the human world after she met a group of college students doing a research of a mythical flower in a local reserved forest which is actually inhabited by the vampires. She became friends with the students. They manage to somehow enroll her in the college, and unlike any other normal human, she has the ability to learn fast and other few super abilities.

Ponti herself is a bubbly, fun, energetic and friendly girl who just wants to fit in the social. She started dating Hazuan, the popular guy. Hazuan's ex-girlfriend Sofea became furious and hated this so she planned to make Ponti's life a living hell. Ponti also has to face Kamal, her vampire ex-boyfriend who would do anything to win her back.

## InfoBox

| *Ponti Anak Remaja* | |
| --- | --- |
| Also known as | Ponti: The Teenage Vampire |
| Genre | Supernatural drama
Teen fiction
Dark comedy |
| Created by | Nizam Zakaria |
| Starring | Liyana Jasmay
Lisa Surihani
Tam Suhaimi
Nazim Othman
Azlee Khairi
Amran Ismail
Fimie Don
Elliza Razak
Aishah Hoo
Adam Faiz |
| Opening theme | "Selamat Malam" by Faizal Tahir |
| Composers | Audi Mok and Faizal Tahir |
| Country of origin | Malaysia |
| Original language | Malay |
| Production | |
| Producer | Ghaz Abu Bakar |


title: Joshua Mqabuko Nkomo Polytechnic

abstract: Joshua Mqabuko Nkomo Polytechnic is a state higher education institution in Gwanda, Zimbabwe, offering Diploma in Education. The Government of Zimbabwe plans major investment into the polytechnic, which will allow it to start offering degrees and resolve the accommodation shortage for students. The planned Gwanda State University shall be hosted by the Polytechnic whilst construction takes place.

text:
# Joshua Mqabuko Nkomo Polytechnic

class=notpageimage|Location of Joshua Mqabuko Nkomo Polytechnic in Matabeleland South

**Joshua Mqabuko Nkomo Polytechnic** is a state higher education institution in Gwanda, Zimbabwe, offering Diploma in Education.

The Government of Zimbabwe plans major investment into the polytechnic, which will allow it to start offering degrees and resolve the accommodation shortage for students.

The planned Gwanda State University shall be hosted by the Polytechnic whilst construction takes place.

## InfoBox

Joshua Mqabuko Nkomo Polytechnic
| Former names | Gwanda Zintec College |
| --- | --- |
| Established | 1981 |
| Principal | Dr.Ngoni Mhule Moyo |
| Academic staff | 45 |
| Students | 1625 |
| Location | Gwanda, Matabeleland South, Zimbabwe<br>20°57′10″S 29°00′44″E / 20.952883°S 29.012175°E / -20.952883; 29.012175 |
| Affiliations | Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education, Zimbabwe |


title: Funiculaire St-Luc – Tignousa

abstract: Funiculaire de St-Luc - Tignousa is a funicular railway in the Anniviers valley, Valais, Switzerland. The line leads from St-Luc at 1680 m to Tignousa at 2180 m. It provides access to the skiing area St-Luc-Chandolin and also operates in summer season. The line has a length of 1300 m and a difference of elevation of 500 m. It was built in 1994 replacing an aerial cableway from 1964. An initial concession for 20 years had been granted by the Swiss Federal Assembly in December 1993 with federal councilor Adolf Ogi supporting it before the Council of States. The funicular is owned and operated by "Funiculaire St-Luc - Chandolin SA".

text:
# Funiculaire St-Luc – Tignousa

**Funiculaire de St-Luc - Tignousa** is a funicular railway in the Anniviers valley, Valais, Switzerland. The line leads from St-Luc at 1680 m to Tignousa at 2180 m. It provides access to the skiing area St-Luc-Chandolin and also operates in summer season. The line has a length of 1300 m and a difference of elevation of 500 m.

It was built in 1994 replacing an aerial cableway from 1964. An initial concession for 20 years had been granted by the Swiss Federal Assembly in December 1993 with federal councilor Adolf Ogi supporting it before the Council of States.

The funicular is owned and operated by "Funiculaire St-Luc - Chandolin SA" (named *Funiculaire St-Luc - Bella-Tola SA* 1993–1999 before the merger with *Télé Chandolin Anniviers SA Chandolin*; earlier *Télésiège St-Luc Bella-Tola SA*).

Passengers
| Year | Summer | Winter | ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2000/2001 | 37,407 | 160,348 |  |
| 2001/2002 | 38,291 | 141,006 |  |
| 2020/2021 | 61,598 | 124,523 |  |
| 2021/2022 | 59,375 | 142,950 |  |

1. "2201 St-Luc - Tignousa" (PDF), *Fahrplanfelder.ch, Tableaux-horaires.ch* (in French), 2023, 2201
2. "Message concernant l'octroi d'une concession pour le funiculaire Saint-Luc - Tignousa VS du 15 mars 1993", *Feuille fédérale* (in French), 1993–1: 1456–1462, 11 May 1993
3. Funiculaire St-Luc - Chandolin SA (30 April 2022), *Rapport d'activités 2021-2022* (in French)
4. "Arrêté fédéral octroyant une concession pour le funiculaire Saint-Luc - Tignousa du 1er décembre 1993", *Feuille fédérale* (in French) (1993–4): 628–630, 1993
5. "Bundesbeschluss über die Erteilung einer Konzession für die Standseilbahn Saint-Luc-Tignousa vom 1. Dezember 1993", *Bundesblatt* (in German), 1993–4 (51): 614–616, 28 December 1993
6. "Botschaft über die Erteilung einer Konzession für die Standseilbahn Saint-Luc-Tignousa VS vom 15. März 1993", *Bundesblatt* (in German), 1993–1 (18): 1561–1567, 11 May 1993
7. "Standseilbahn Saint-Luc-Tignousa. Konzession; Funiculaire Saint-Luc-Tignousa. Concession", *Bulletin officiel de l'Assemblée fédérale* (in German and French), **5** (3): 864, 1 December 1993, Wir brauchen im Alpengebiet dringend qualitative Verbesserungen.
8. *Funiculaire St-Luc - Chandolin SA*, Registre du commerce du Valais Central, CHE-105.757.364
9. Funiculaire St-Luc - Chandolin SA (30 April 2002), *Rapport d'activités 2001-2002* (in French)

## InfoBox

| Funiculaire St-Luc - Tignousa | |
| --- | --- |
| funicular on the elevated track (2012) | |
| Overview | |
| Other name(s) | Funiculaire de St-Luc |
| Status | In operation |
| Owner | *Funiculaire St-Luc - Chandolin SA* (since 1999); *Funiculaire St-Luc - Bella-Tola SA* (1994–1999, name change) |
| Locale | Anniviers <br>Valais, Switzerland |
| Termini | * "St-Luc (Tignousa)" at Route du Funiculaire * "Tignousa" |
| Stations | 2 |
| Website | valdanniviers.ch |
| Service | |
| Type | Funicular |
| Route number | 2201 |
| Operator(s) | Funiculaire St-Luc - Chandolin SA |
| Rolling stock | 2 for 80 passengers each |
| Ridership | 59,375 (summer 2021); 142,950 (winter 2021/2022) |
| History | |
| Opened | 1994 |
| Technical | |
| Line length | 1,300 m (4,300 ft) |
| Number of tracks | 1 |
| Track gauge | 1,200 mm (3 ft 11+14 in) |
| Operating speed | 10 metres per second (33 ft/s) |
| Highest elevation | 2,180 m (7,150 ft) |
| Maximum incline | 61% |


title: Michal Novotný

abstract: Michal Novotný is a Czech snowboarder. He competed in the men's snowboard cross event at the 2006 Winter Olympics, placing thirteenth, and the 2010 Winter Olympics, placing sixteenth.

text:
# Michal Novotný

**Michal Novotný** (born 1 July 1981 in Prague) is a Czech snowboarder. He competed in the men's snowboard cross event at the 2006 Winter Olympics, placing thirteenth, and the 2010 Winter Olympics, placing sixteenth.

## InfoBox

Michal Novotný
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Czech |
| Born | (1981-07-01) July 1, 1981 |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Snowboarding |