title: Gazella praegaudryi

abstract: Gazella praegaudryi was a small species of prehistoric gazelle described from late Miocene sediments near Bou Hanifia, Algeria. It had lightly compressed horn cores and no forward turning metaconid of its P4 premolars, differentiating it from the earlier Miocene Gazella dentition recovered at Fort Ternan. It has been characterized as "similar" to, though morphologically distinct from, fossils excavated from formations such as at Fort Ternan, Lothagam, and Namulungle.

text:
# Gazella praegaudryi

***Gazella praegaudryi*** was a small species of prehistoric gazelle described from late Miocene sediments near Bou Hanifia, Algeria. It had lightly compressed horn cores and no forward turning metaconid of its P4 premolars, differentiating it from the earlier Miocene *Gazella* dentition recovered at Fort Ternan.

It has been characterized as "similar" to, though morphologically distinct from, fossils excavated from formations such as at Fort Ternan, Lothagam, and Namulungle.

## InfoBox

| *Gazella praegaudryi*
Temporal range: Miocene | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Artiodactyla |
| Family: | Bovidae |
| Subfamily: | Antilopinae |
| Tribe: | Antilopini |
| Genus: | *Gazella* |
| Species: | ***G. praegaudryi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Gazella praegaudryi***
Arambourg, 1959 | |
|


title: Gamera: Super Monster

abstract: Gamera: Super Monster is a 1980 Japanese kaiju film directed by Noriaki Yuasa and produced by Daiei Film. It is the eighth film in the Gamera film series, following the release of Gamera vs. Zigra in 1971. Gamera: Super Monster was distributed by New Daiei, and was released theatrically in Japan on 20 March 1980. It was followed by Gamera: Guardian of the Universe in 1995, which would mark the beginning of the franchise's Heisei period.

text:
# Gamera: Super Monster

***Gamera: Super Monster*** (宇宙怪獣ガメラ, **Uchū Kaijū Gamera**, lit.'Space Monster Gamera') is a 1980 Japanese *kaiju* film directed by Noriaki Yuasa and produced by Daiei Film. It is the eighth film in the *Gamera* film series, following the release of *Gamera vs. Zigra* in 1971.

*Gamera: Super Monster* was distributed by New Daiei, and was released theatrically in Japan on 20 March 1980. It was followed by *Gamera: Guardian of the Universe* in 1995, which would mark the beginning of the franchise's Heisei period.

## Plot

When the evil alien Zanon comes to enslave Earth, all hope seems lost. The Earth's resident superheroes, the Spacewomen, are powerless to stop him. They must enlist the help of a young boy who has a special connection with the giant turtle Gamera. The Friend of All Children then battles Gyaos (a huge vampire bat/pterosaur hybrid), Zigra (an alien shark), Viras (an alien squid), Jiger (a female giant dimetrodon-like monster), Guiron (a knife-headed alien monster) and finally Barugon (an enormous lizard whose tongue sprays a freeze-gas that can freeze things solid and whose back spines emit a powerful rainbow ray that can melt or dissolve any solid object). Gamera sacrifices his life in the end to destroy Zanon once and for all and to protect Earth one last time.

## Cast

* Mach Fumiake as Kilara
* Yaeko Kojima as Marsha
* Yoko Komatsu as Mitan
* Keiko Kudo as Giruge
* Koichi Maeda as Keiichi
* Toshie Takada as Keiichi's mother

## Production

*Gamera: Super Monster* contains extensive stock footage of the entire *Gamera* film series, as well as *Space Battleship Yamato* and *Galaxy Express 999*. Almost all of the footage of Gamera is stock footage. The movie was made as an attempt to help Daiei get out of its turbulent financial situation.

The 1994 manga  *Giant Monster Gamera* by Hurricane Ryu depicted that Gamera after the incident of *Gamera: Super Monster* was artificially resurrected and gained physical appearance and ability of the incarnation of the Heisei Trilogy.

## Release

*Gamera: Super Monster* was released theatrically in Japan on March 20, 1980, where it was distributed by New Daiei.

## Home media

### *Elvira's Movie Macabre*

The movie was featured on a 1983 episode of *Elvira's Movie Macabre*, which Shout! Factory released on a DVD in 2007 together with the 1967 British film *They Came from Beyond Space*. The two films can each be watched with or without the Elvira host segments.

### *Cinema Insomnia*

In 2007, *Gamera: Super Monster* was shown on the horror hosted television series *Cinema Insomnia*. Apprehensive Films later released the *Cinema Insomnia* episode onto DVD in both regular and special "Slime Line" editions.

### Shout! Factory release

Shout! Factory acquired the rights from Kadokawa Pictures for all eight of the Showa era *Gamera* films and have issued the uncut Japanese versions on DVD for the first time in North America. These "Special Edition" DVDs were released in sequential order, starting with *Gamera, the Giant Monster* (1965) on May 18, 2010.

1. Galbraith IV 1994, p. 311.
2. "Sneak Peek: Shout! Factory's GAMERA VS ZIGRA/ GAMERA: THE SUPER MONSTER Double Feature DVD". *SciFi Japan*. February 14, 2011. Archived from the original on December 5, 2019. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
3. Galbraith IV 1994, p. 312.
4. Galbraith IV 1994, p. 258.
5. Kenichiro Terasawa, Hurricane Ryu, 1994, *Giant Monster Gamera*, Gekkan Manga Boys, November 1994 - February 1995, Tokuma Shoten.
6. Elvira's Movie Macabre: Gamera, Super Monster/They Came from Beyond Space : DVD Talk Review of the DVD Video
7. DVD Verdict Review - Elvira's Movie Macabre: Gamera, Super Monsters / They Came From Beyond Space Archived 2012-10-11 at the Wayback Machine
8. "Cinema Insomnia". Cinema Insomnia. Archived from the original on 28 March 2010. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
9. "Gamera Super Monster DVD". Apprehensive Films. Archived from the original on 19 April 2010. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
10. "Gamera Super Monster Slime Line DVD". Apprehensive Films. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
11. The Colossal Chelonian Lives! Shout! Factory Unleashes GAMERA on DVD!

### Sources

## InfoBox

| Gamera: Super Monster | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Noriaki Yuasa |
| Screenplay by | Niisan Takahashi |
| Produced by | * Masaya Tokuyama * Shigeru Shinohara * Hirokazu Ohba |
| Starring | Mach Fumiake
Yaeko Kojima
Yoko Komatsu
Keiko Kudo
Koichi Maeda
Toshie Takada |
| Cinematography | * Michio Takahashi * Akira Uehara |
| Edited by | Zenko Miyazaki
Tatsuji Nakashizu
Shoji Sekiguchi |
| Music by | Shunsuke Kikuchi |
| Production
company | Daiei Film |
| Distributed by | New Daiei |
| Release date | * March 20, 1980 (1980-03-20) (Japan) |
| Running time | 92 minutes |
| Country | Japan |


title: Scheila Carvalho

abstract: Scheila Carvalho Ladeira is a Brazilian model, dancer, and latterly sex symbol. She rose to prominence as a dancer for axé act É o Tchan!, and has gone on to appear in numerous magazine photo shoots, including several for the Brazilian Playboy and Sexy. She is married to Jorge Antonio da Silva Santos from É o Tchan!. She left the band with Salles in 2005 and she currently hosts a TV show in Bahia. She is a Spiritist.

text:
# Scheila Carvalho

**Scheila Carvalho Ladeira** (September 24, 1973, in Juiz de Fora) is a Brazilian model, dancer, and latterly sex symbol. She rose to prominence as a dancer for axé act *É o Tchan!*, and has gone on to appear in numerous magazine photo shoots, including several for the Brazilian Playboy and Sexy. She is married to Jorge Antonio da Silva Santos (also known as "Tony Salles") from *É o Tchan!*. She left the band with Salles in 2005 and she currently hosts a TV show in Bahia. She is a Spiritist.

## External reference

## InfoBox

| Scheila Carvalho | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | September 24, 1973 (1973-09-24) (age 51)<br>Juiz de Fora |
| Occupation(s) | Model, dancer |


title: Phaea maxima

abstract: Phaea maxima is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1881. It is known from Mexico.

text:
# Phaea maxima

***Phaea maxima*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1881. It is known from Mexico.

## InfoBox

| *Phaea maxima* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Phaea* |
| Species: | ***P. maxima*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phaea maxima***<br>Bates, 1881 | |
|


title: Oh Yeon-ho

abstract: Oh Yeon-ho is the founder of "citizen journalism" in South Korea, and CEO of OhmyNews a new approach to cyber-journalism in which ordinary citizens can contribute to a major news organization through being at news events, filing reports, and having their work verified and edited by trained news staff. He is seen as one of the pivotal figures in the contemporary culture of South Korea.

text:
# Oh Yeon-ho

**Oh Yeon-ho** (born 18 September 1964) is the founder of "citizen journalism" in South Korea, and CEO of OhmyNews a new approach to cyber-journalism in which ordinary citizens can contribute to a major news organization through being at news events, filing reports, and having their work verified and edited by trained news staff. He is seen as one of the pivotal figures in the contemporary culture of South Korea.

## Biography

Oh was born in 1964 in Gokseong. He graduated from Yonsei University in 1988 with a degree in Korean literature. He earned a master's degree in journalism from Regent University in 1998 and has a PhD in mass-communication at Sogang University in Seoul. In 2006, he received the Wharton Infosys Business Transformation Award for his work with information technology, most specifically his pioneering development of OhmyNews and the society-transforming contributions that resulted.

## Media career

* 1988–1999 Reporter, Chief Reporter in Monthly magazine *Mahl*
* 1995–1997 Correspondent in Washington, DC in Monthly magazine *Mahl*
* 22 Feb 2000 Founded OhmyNews, served as CEO and managing editor
* 2007–2009 President of Korea Internet Newspaper Association

## Awards

* May 2001 Awarded: The Media Grand Prize of This Year
* October 2001 Selection: 55 people of South Korea
* December 2001 Winning the Grand prize: Democratic Press Award
* October 2004 Winning the Grand prize: Ahn Jong-Pil Press Award
* January 2006 Awarded: Management Innovation
* October 2007 Awarded: Medal of Missouri University
* October 2018 Awarded: Grundtvig Prize 2018
* Ranked 16th in 'This year's 50s for IT characters' as UK Information Technology site (www.silicon.com)

## InfoBox

| Oh Yeon-ho | |
| --- | --- |
| Oh Yeon-ho, 2010 | |
| Born | (1964-09-18) 18 September 1964
Gokseong, South Korea |
| Alma mater | Yonsei University
Regent University
Sogang University |
| Occupation(s) | Journalist, educator |
| Title | CEO and managing editor of OhmyNews
Chairperson of Korea Internet Newspaper Association |
|  | |
|  | |
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | 오연호 |
| Revised Romanization | *O Yeon-ho* |
| McCune–Reischauer | *O Yŏnho* |


title: Peter Checkland

abstract: Peter Checkland is a British management scientist and emeritus professor of systems at Lancaster University. He is the developer of soft systems methodology (SSM): a methodology based on a way of systems thinking systems practice. Systems practice is the idea of uncovering an optimal solution within complex environments, thus leading to a thorough understanding of the system, analysing and adapting to change in the environment. In an important way his work preceded data science and change management disciplines in the next century.

text:
# Peter Checkland

**Peter Checkland** (born 18 December 1930, in Birmingham, UK) is a British management scientist and emeritus professor of systems at Lancaster University. He is the developer of soft systems methodology (SSM): a methodology based on a way of systems thinking systems practice. Systems practice is the idea of uncovering an optimal solution within complex environments, thus leading to a thorough understanding of the system, analysing and adapting to change in the environment. In an important way his work preceded data science and change management disciplines in the next century.

## Biography

Checkland attended George Dixon's Grammar School, and in 1954 received a M.A. degree in chemistry at St John's College, Oxford, where he graduated with 1st class honours.

He worked in the industry for 15 years as a manager in ICI's chemicals business. At the end of the 1960s he joined the pioneering department of Systems Engineering at Lancaster University, where he became professor of Systems. At Lancaster he led a programme of action research. This research team developed a new way of tackling problem situations faced by managers – Soft Systems Methodology. The SSM approach is now used and taught worldwide. Since the 1990s he is Professor Emeritus of Systems in Lancaster University Management School.

Peter Checkland worked on the editorial board of journals such as European Journal of Information Systems; the International Journal of Information Management; the International Journal of General Systems; the Systems Practice; and the Systems Research journal.

In 1986 Peter Checkland was president of the Society for General Systems Research, now International Society for the Systems Sciences. In May 1996 he was awarded an honorary degree from the Open University as Doctor of the University. In 2004 he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Economics, Prague. In 2007 he was awarded the Beale Medal by the OR Society, in recognition of his sustained and significant contribution to the philosophy, theory and practice of operational research. In 2008 he received the INCOSE Pioneer Award.

## Publications

Checkland wrote four books on Soft Systems Methodology and several articles and papers:

* 1981, *Systems Thinking, Systems Practice*, Wiley \[rev 1999 ed\] ISBN 978-0-471-98606-5
* 1990, *Soft Systems in Action*, Wiley (with Jim Scholes) \[rev 1999 ed\] ISBN 978-0-471-98605-8
* 1998, *Information, Systems and Information Systems*, Wiley (with Sue Holwell) ISBN 978-0-471-95820-8
* 2006, *Learning For Action: A Short Definitive Account of Soft Systems Methodology, and its use Practitioners, Teachers and Students*, Wiley (with John Poulter) ISBN 978-0-470-02554-3


title: Mysie Monte

abstract: Mysie Monte was an English stage and television actress best known for her long-running portrayal of Mrs Boyle in Agatha Christie's play The Mousetrap at the New Ambassadors Theatre. She played the part for twelve and a half years between 2 May 1955 and 26 November 1967, with a break between 20 November 1960 and 6 November 1961 when she was replaced by the actress Madoline Thomas. When asked in 1967 why she was leaving the cast Miss Monte replied "I think I have earned a rest."

text:
# Mysie Monte

**Mysie Monte** (1892 – 9 January 1983) was an English stage and television actress best known for her long-running portrayal of Mrs Boyle in Agatha Christie's play The Mousetrap at the New Ambassadors Theatre. She played the part for twelve and a half years between 2 May 1955 and 26 November 1967, with a break between 20 November 1960 and 6 November 1961 when she was replaced by the actress Madoline Thomas. When asked in 1967 why she was leaving the cast Miss Monte replied "I think I have earned a rest."


title: Marina Romanò

abstract: Marina Romanò is an Italian politician who served as Mayor of Cesano Maderno from 2009 to 2011 and as Deputy from 30 May 2022 to 13 October 2022.

text:
# Marina Romanò

**Marina Romanò** (born 30 September 1960) is an Italian politician who served as Mayor of Cesano Maderno from 2009 to 2011 and as Deputy from 30 May 2022 to 13 October 2022.

## Life

Municipal councillor for the Northern League in Cesano Maderno from 1995 to 2009, Romanò served as mayor from 2009 (she was elected in the first round with 50.7% of the vote at the head of a centre-right coalition) until 2011, when the councillorship ended following the resignation of the majority of municipal councillors. Re-elected in the following year's elections and supported by the Northern League, she obtained 13.37% in the first round against the 56.53% of the centre-left candidate Pietro Luigi Ponti, and was thus re-elected to the City Council, to be re-elected in 2017 and 2022.

In 2006 she was appointed assessor for the Environment, Security and Civil Protection of the municipality of Desio, remaining in office until 2011, while from 2020 to 2021 she was assessor for Labour and Productive Activities of the municipality of Seveso.

In the 2019 local elections she was elected councillor for the province of Monza and Brianza, and was reappointed in 2021.

Candidated for the League for the Chamber of Deputies in the Lombardy 1 constituency in the 2018 elections, she was the first of the unelected behind Massimiliano Capitanio at the proportional level. Following Capitanio's resignation once he became AgCom commissioner, Romanò succeeded him as deputy on 30 May 2022.

## InfoBox

| Marina Romanò | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Chamber of Deputies | |
| **In office**
30 May 2022  13 October 2022 | |
| Mayor of Cesano Maderno | |
| **In office**
23 June 2009  27 June 2011 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1960-09-30) 30 September 1960
Cesano Maderno, Lombardy, Italy |
| Political party | Lega |
| Profession | Employee |
|  | |


title: Vrhe, Novo Mesto

abstract: Vrhe is a small settlement in the Gorjanci Mountains in the City Municipality of Novo Mesto in southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

text:
# Vrhe, Novo Mesto

**Vrhe** (pronounced \[ʋəɾˈxeː\]) is a small settlement in the Gorjanci Mountains in the City Municipality of Novo Mesto in southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

## Name

The name of the settlement was changed from *Vrhe pri Dolžu* to *Vrhe* in 1992.

## InfoBox

| Vrhe Vrhe pri Dolžu (until 1992) | |
| --- | --- |
| VrheLocation in Slovenia | |
| Coordinates: 45°45′12.76″N 15°14′47.02″E / 45.7535444°N 15.2463944°E / 45.7535444; 15.2463944 | |
| Country | Slovenia |
| Traditional region | Lower Carniola |
| Statistical region | Southeast Slovenia |
| Municipality | Novo Mesto |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.14 km2 (0.44 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 435.4 m (1,428.5 ft) |
| Population (2002) | |
| Total | 59 |
|  | |


title: Polis (film)

abstract: Polis is a 2014 American science fiction short film directed by Steven Ilous. It was written by Steven Ilous and Daniel Perea. It won the New Regency and Defy Media PROTOTYPE competition in January 2015, the prize for which was a feature development deal at New Regency.

text:
# Polis (film)

***Polis*** is a 2014 American science fiction short film directed by Steven Ilous. It was written by Steven Ilous and Daniel Perea. It won the New Regency and Defy Media PROTOTYPE competition in January 2015, the prize for which was a feature development deal at New Regency.

## Synopsis

Set in the distant future, *Polis* is a sci-fi thriller about David Porter, a young telepath whose search for his mother threatens to uncover a utopian society’s horrifying secrets.

## Accolades

* 2015: PROTOTYPE Grand Prize Winner
* 2015: Vimeo Staff Pick
* 2015: One Room With a View—Short of the Week (February 9, 2015)

## InfoBox

| Polis | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Steven Ilous |
| Written by | Daniel Perea
Steven Ilous |
| Produced by | Meagan Judkins
Alex Sanchez
Sonja Mereu |
| Starring | Parker Young
Dileep Rao
Mark Kelly |
| Cinematography | David Waldman |
| Edited by | Simon Carmody
Steven Ilous |
| Music by | Electric Youth
Room8 |
| Production
company | SMI Entertainment |
| Release date | * November 23, 2014 (2014-11-23) |
| Running time | 5 min. 28 sec. |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $20,000 |


title: Gajówka, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship

abstract: Gajówka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sobków, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland.

text:
# Gajówka, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship

**Gajówka** \[ɡajuvka\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sobków, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland.

## InfoBox

| Gajówka | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Gajówka | |
| Coordinates: 50°43′17″N 20°30′39″E / 50.72139°N 20.51083°E / 50.72139; 20.51083 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Świętokrzyskie |
| County | Jędrzejów |
| Gmina | Sobków |


title: Schiacallia

abstract: Schiacallia tristis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Schiacallia. It was described by Galileo and Martins in 1991.

text:
# Schiacallia

***Schiacallia tristis*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus ***Schiacallia***. It was described by Galileo and Martins in 1991.

## InfoBox

| *Schiacallia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Hexapoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Superfamily: | Chrysomeloidea |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Subfamily: | Lamiinae |
| Tribe: | Calliini |
| Genus: | ***Schiacallia*** |
| Species: | ***S. tristis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Schiacallia tristis***<br>Galileo & Martins, 1991 | |
|


title: Phaio unimacula

abstract: Phaio unimacula is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Rothschild in 1911. It is found in Peru.

text:
# Phaio unimacula

***Phaio unimacula*** is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Rothschild in 1911. It is found in Peru.

## InfoBox

| *Phaio unimacula* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Phaio* |
| Species: | ***P. unimacula*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phaio unimacula***<br>Rothschild, 1911 | |
|


title: Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine

abstract: Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine was a monthly video game magazine published by Ziff Davis Media. It was a sister publication of Electronic Gaming Monthly. The magazine focused exclusively on PlayStation hardware, software, and culture, covering the original PlayStation, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, and PlayStation Portable. Each issue included a disc that contained playable demos and videos of PlayStation games. The magazine had a nearly ten-year run. The first issue, cover dated October 1997, was published September 23, 1997, while the final issue was cover dated January 2007. After OPM was discontinued in January 2007, the independent PlayStation magazine PSM became PlayStation: The Official Magazine in December 2007, replacing OPM as the official magazine focusing on Sony game consoles.

text:
# Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine

***Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine*** (often abbreviated to ***OPM***) was a monthly video game magazine published by Ziff Davis Media. It was a sister publication of *Electronic Gaming Monthly*. The magazine focused exclusively on PlayStation hardware, software, and culture, covering the original PlayStation, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, and PlayStation Portable. Each issue included a disc that contained playable demos and videos of PlayStation games. The magazine had a nearly ten-year run. The first issue, cover dated October 1997, was published September 23, 1997, while the final issue was cover dated January 2007.

After *OPM* was discontinued in January 2007, the independent PlayStation magazine *PSM* became *PlayStation: The Official Magazine* in December 2007, replacing *OPM* as the official magazine focusing on Sony game consoles.

## Staff

The final incarnation of the *OPM* staff included:

* Editor-in-chief – Tom Byron
* Managing editor – Dana Jongewaard
* Senior editor – Joe Rybicki
* Previews editor – Thierry "Scooter" Nguyen
* News editor – Giancarlo Varanini
* Art director – Ryan Vulk
* Associate art director – Alejandro Chavetta
* Disc editor – Logan Parr
* Editorial director – John Davison

Past members included:

* Senior Art Director - Bob Conlon
* Managing editor – Gary Steinman
* Managing editor – Din Perez
* Managing editor – Dan Peluso
* Reviews editor – Chris Baker
* Associate editor – Mark MacDonald
* Editor-in-chief – Wataru Maruyama
* Editor-in-chief – Kraig Kujawa
* Editor-in-chief – John Davison

## Demo discs

*OPM* was the first gaming magazine to include a disc that featured playable demos of PlayStation games. Beginning with issue one, each magazine came with a disc containing playable PlayStation game demos and non-playable video footage. Later, interviews, industry event coverage, and video walkthroughs of games would also be included on the discs. Beginning with issue 49 (October 2001), the magazine came with a PlayStation 2 demo disc, though for a time it would still be alternated with original PlayStation demo discs. Issues 50, 52, and 54 were the last issues to include demo discs for the original PlayStation. All of the demo discs were developed by LifeLike Productions, Inc.

*OPM* had released one PlayStation Portable demo, *Killzone: Liberation*. It was available only with the purchase of retail copies rather than subscription issues. The magazine was discontinued before making the assumed transition to PlayStation 3 demo discs.

## International editions

Similar international editions of the magazine exist in Sweden, Finland, the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Belgium, Portugal, Brazil and Australia. The Belgian edition is also published in the Netherlands.

The Australian edition was originally published by Next Media bi-monthly, but eventually became a monthly magazine. APC published the magazine after issue 18. It is currently published by Derwent Howard and is edited by Narayan Pattison.

### Staff blogs

## InfoBox

*Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| The final issue of the *OPM* U.S. | |
| Categories | Video game |
| Publisher | Ziff Davis Media |
| First issue | October 1997 (1997-10) |
| Final issue | January 2007 (2007-01) |
| Based in | San Francisco, California, U.S. |
| Language | English |
| Website | opm.1up.com |


title: Mōkihinui River

abstract: The Mōkihinui River is a river located on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island, about 40 kilometres north of Westport. Meridian Energy had proposed the Mokihinui Hydro project on the river in 2007 but it was cancelled in May 2012. In 2019, it was announced that 64,400 ha of land in the Mōkihinui River catchment, including 15 km (9.3 mi) of river bed, would be added to Kahurangi National Park. The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "large flax-stalk raft" for Mōkihinui. Since 2019 the official name of the river has been spelled with a macron.

text:
# Mōkihinui River

The **Mōkihinui River** is a river located on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island, about 40 kilometres north of Westport. Meridian Energy had proposed the Mokihinui Hydro project on the river in 2007 but it was cancelled in May 2012. In 2019, it was announced that 64,400 ha (159,000 acres) of land in the Mōkihinui River catchment, including 15 km (9.3 mi) of river bed, would be added to Kahurangi National Park.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "large flax-stalk raft" for *Mōkihinui*. Since 2019 the official name of the river has been spelled with a macron.

## Geography

The Mōkihinui River's headwaters are located in the Glasgow Range and its mouth is on the Tasman Sea. There is little human habitation near the river: the localities of Mokihinui and Summerlea are near the river's mouth, Seddonville is a few kilometres up the river, and just prior to its terminus, State Highway 67 crosses the river outside Mokihinui. In the rugged back country behind Seddonville at the Mōkihinui Forks, the river splits into two branches, north and south.

The catchment of these two branches is a large inland basin of almost wholly unmodified forest. The total catchment area of the river is approximately 750 km2 (290 sq mi), with 685 km2 (264 sq mi) upstream of Seddonville. The area was highly rated for its biodiversity values, but prior to 2019, it was classified as stewardship land − the lowest level of protection for publicly-owned conservation land. Following the cancellation of the proposed Mokihinui Hydro project on the river in 2012, work began to add the catchment area to the adjacent Kahurangi National Park. In 2019, 64,400 ha (159,000 acres) of land in the Mōkihinui River catchment, including 15 km (9.3 mi) of river bed, were added to the national park. The addition increased the size of the park by 14%. The area added to the park includes part of the route of the Old Ghost Road, a 85 km (53 mi) mountain biking and hiking trail that follows a historic gold miners' route.

Lake Perrine and Lake Dora are in the Mōkihinui Forks area. They are landslide lakes, dammed when slopes collapsed during the 1929 Murchison Earthquake. Lake Dora is 855 m (2,805 ft) long, up to 105 m (344 ft) wide and 15 m (49 ft) deep. Lake Perrine is now 5 km (3.1 mi) long, up to 450 m (1,480 ft) wide and 25 m (82 ft) deep. However, initially it dammed the river to a depth of 23 m (75 ft) at the entrance to the gorge, forming an 11 km (6.8 mi) lake. The earthquake created the dams on 17 June, but 8 m (26 ft) of the Lake Perrine dam washed out on 4 July 1929. It carried debris which formed a new temporary dam in the gorge below Seddonville. That water backed up until some buildings in Seddonville were flooded to their rooftops. The wooden hall floated about 5 ch (100 m) before bumping against a shop. It was replaced by the H. E. Holland Memorial Library.

In an extreme weather event in December 2010, the flow in the river reached 2,853 cumecs. The estimated return period for this event is between 20 and 50 years. The flood caused significant property damage in the Seddonville area.

## Culture

Ngāi Tahu and Ngāti Waewae are the manawhenua tribes of the area.

## Recreation

A tramping track called the Old Ghost Road runs along the south bank of the river giving access to Kahurangi National Park.

The river of interest for recreation and commercial whitewater activities. There is three hours of grade III water downstream from where the north and south forks meet. A river level of 1.0–1.5 metres is an optimum flow.

## Railway

The last few kilometres of the former Seddonville Branch railway roughly followed the Mōkihinui River near its mouth. The Branch opened on 23 February 1895 and closed on 3 May 1981, while a further extension beyond Seddonville to Mokihinui Mine closed in February 1974.

During this period, the New Zealand Railways Department dumped two old steam locomotives along the river's banks between Seddonville and Mokihinui Mine to protect against erosion. The first of these locomotives, WB 292, was dumped in 1958, while sister WB 299 was dumped in January 1960. Both were recovered from the Mōkihinui River in 1989 by the Baldwin Steam Trust, and are under restoration at the Rimutaka Incline Railway.

## InfoBox

| Mōkihinui River | |
| --- | --- |
| Mōkihinui River by the Rough n' Tumble Bush Lodge | |
| Route of the Mōkihinui River | |
| Mouth of the Mōkihinui RiverMōkihinui River (South Island) | |
| Location | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | Allen Range (North Branch) |
| coordinates | 41°26′14″S 172°24′54″E / 41.4373°S 172.4150°E / -41.4373; 172.4150 |
|  | |
|  | |
| 2nd source | Lyell Range (South Branch) |
| coordinates | 41°43′15″S 172°06′17″E / 41.7207°S 172.1047°E / -41.7207; 172.1047 |
|  | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Karamea Bight |
| coordinates | 41°31′22″S 171°56′17″E / 41.52277°S 171.93805°E / -41.52277; 171.93805 |
| elevation | 0 metres (0 ft) |
| Basin size | 750 km2 (290 sq mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | **Mōkihinui River**Karamea BightTasman Sea |
| Tributaries |  |
| left | Slate Creek (South Branch), Grantie Creek (South Branch), Silver Creek (South Branch), Mountain Creek (South Branch), Owen Creek (South Branch), Hennessy Creek (South Branch), Limestone Creek (South Branch), Haystack Creek (North Branch), Sinclair Creek (North Branch), Specimen Creek, Jones Creek, Anderson Creek, Johnny Cake Creek, Welcome Creek, Burke Creek, Coal Creek, Page Creek, Chasm Stream, Marris Stream, Brewery Creek |
| right | Stern Creek (South Branch), Goat Creek (South Branch), Larrikin Creek (South Branch), Stoney Creek (South Branch), Allen River (North Branch), Māori Gully (North Branch), Pakihi Creek, Maori Creek, Rough and Tumble Creek, Podge Creek, Stillwater Creek, Sawyer Creek |
| Bridges | Mōkihinui River Bridge |


title: Peter Fraenkel (journalist)

abstract: Peter J. Fraenkel is a German-born British journalist and author who was controller of European services for the British Broadcasting Corporation. He was born in Breslau but following Nazi oppression of the Jews, he left for Northern Rhodesia with his parents in 1939. He worked there in broadcasting before leaving for London in 1957 when he began his career in Reuters and then the BBC. He has described with irony his transition from "sub-human Jew in Nazi Germany... to White master race in British colonial Africa".

text:
# Peter Fraenkel (journalist)

**Peter J. Fraenkel** (born 7 December 1926) is a German-born British journalist and author who was controller of European services for the British Broadcasting Corporation. He was born in Breslau but following Nazi oppression of the Jews, he left for Northern Rhodesia with his parents in 1939. He worked there in broadcasting before leaving for London in 1957 when he began his career in Reuters and then the BBC. He has described with irony his transition from "sub-human Jew in Nazi Germany ... to White master race in British colonial Africa".

## Early life

Peter Fraenkel was born in Breslau (then in Germany, now Poland) on 7 December 1926. His father was a German civil servant who received the Iron Cross for his heroism under fire during the First World War. As German oppression of Jews grew in the 1930s, Fraenkel's mother pleaded with her husband to leave the country but he only agreed after *Kristallnacht* in 1938. The family had visas for Swaziland and Northern Rhodesia but chose the later as it was thought to be wealthier and in 1939 they departed for Northern Rhodesia by sea via South Africa. They settled in Lusaka and Fraenkel's father opened a dry cleaning company with a friend. Peter Fraenkel was educated at Lusaka Boys' school.

Fraenkel studied English and history at the University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, and became involved with the anti-apartheid movement. He was selected for a tour of English universities and ironically selected to debate in favour of apartheid. He lost but was offered a job by a South African public relations officer which he declined.

In his autobiography *No fixed abode*, he described with irony his transition from "sub-human Jew in Nazi Germany ... to White master race in British colonial Africa".

## Early career

Fraenkel's first job was as an accounts clerk for the registrar of co-operative societies. He then left that to work as an assistant broadcasting officer for Central African Broadcasting Services in Lusaka (1952–57) where he created a fictional mining compound to get development messages across using local actors. The venture was described in *Wayaleshi* (1958).

## London

In 1957, Fraenkel left Africa for London, working first for Reuters and then the BBC where he was first wrote scripts, he then became Greek Programme organiser and later the Head of the East European Services and lastly Controller of European Services from 1979-86.

## Selected publications

* *Wayaleshi: On British Central Africa*. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1959.
*
* *No fixed abode: A Jewish odyssey to freedom in Africa*. I.B. Tauris, 2005. ISBN 978-1850436263

### Self published

## InfoBox

| Peter Fraenkel | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1926-12-07) 7 December 1926<br>Breslau, Germany |
| Occupation | Journalist |
| Years active | 1952–1986 |
| Employer | BBC |
| Notable work | Wayaleshi: On British Central Africa. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1959. |


title: Mario Edwards

abstract: Mario Lashun Edwards Sr. is a former American football cornerback in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and Miami Dolphins. He was drafted in the sixth round of the 2000 NFL draft by the Cowboys. He played college football at Florida State University.

text:
# Mario Edwards

**Mario Lashun Edwards Sr.** (born December 1, 1975) is a former American football cornerback in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and Miami Dolphins. He was drafted in the sixth round (180th overall) of the 2000 NFL draft by the Cowboys. He played college football at Florida State University.

## Early life

Edwards attended Pascagoula High School, where he played at cornerback. As a senior, he had 61 tackles, 4 interceptions and 14 passes defensed. He received All-American and All-state honors.

He accepted a football scholarship from Florida State University. As a true freshman, he totaled 6 tackles. He blocked a punt that he returned for a 24-yard touchdown against the University of North Carolina.

As a sophomore, he was a backup at right cornerback, tallying 14 tackles, 3 passes defensed and one fumble recovery. He missed the 1997 season as a redshirt.

As a junior, he started the final 10 games at left cornerback, registering 20 tackles, 6 interceptions (ranked eighth in the nation), 11 passes defensed (led the team) and helping the team earn a No. 1 national ranking in pass defense. He had 5 tackles and 3 passes defensed against the University of Southern California. He set a school and tied a conference record, by making 4 interceptions in a single-game against Wake Forest University. He played in the National Championship game, where the Seminoles lost to the University of Tennessee.

As a senior, he posted 19 tackles, 9 passes defensed (led the team) and one forced fumble, while being a part of the 1999 national championship team. He had 4 passes defensed against the University of Virginia. He compiled 3 passes defended in the 2000 Sugar Bowl 46–29 win against Virginia Tech.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6 ft 0+18 in
(1.83 m) | 191 lb
(87 kg) | 31 in
(0.79 m) | 10 in
(0.25 m) | 4.46 s | 4.55 s | 7.44 s | 32.5 in
(0.83 m) | 10 ft 0 in
(3.05 m) | 32 reps |
| All values from NFL Combine | | | | | | | | | | | | |

### Dallas Cowboys

Edwards was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the sixth round with the 180th overall of the 2000 NFL draft, after he dropped because of a poor performance in the 1998 Fiesta Bowl, combined with injuries and inconsistent play in his senior season.

As a rookie, he played mainly on special teams, making 11 tackles (tied for fourth on the team). He suffered a strained left hamstring in the third preseason game against the Oakland Raiders, that forced him to miss the rest of the preseason and the first 4 regular season contests. In the season finale he started at left cornerback against the Tennessee Titans, making 3 tackles and one pass defensed.

In 2001, Edwards became the team's regular starter at left cornerback, helping the team rank third in pass defense in the NFL. He had 58 tackles (eighth on the team) and 11 passes defensed (led the team), contributing to the defense statistically ranking number four overall in the NFL. He returned his first career interception 71 yards for a touchdown in the seventh game against the New York Giants.

In 2002, he registered 72 tackles (eighth on the team), 2 interceptions (third on the team) and 8 passes defensed (tied for fourth on the team). In 2003, he started all 16 games at right cornerback, contributing to the defense statistically ranking number one overall in the NFL. He missed one game with a quad contusion. He had 6 tackles and one pass defensed against the Tennessee Titans. He made 6 tackles and one pass defensed against the Arizona Cardinals. He had 10 tackles and one fumble recovery against the Jacksonville Jaguars. He made 2 interceptions and 3 passes defensed in the twelfth game against the Washington Redskins.

In 2003, he started all 16 games, recording 45 tackles (ninth on the team), one quarterback pressure, one interception and 8 passes defensed. While with the Cowboys, he started 47 games, posting 178 tackles, 4 interceptions (2 returned for touchdowns) and 28 passes defensed.

### Tampa Bay Buccaneers

On April 9, 2004, Edwards signed with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers as a free agent. He played in 15 games with 3 starts when the team opened in a nickel defense, while collecting 22 tackles and no interceptions. On March 1, 2005, he was released for salary cap reasons.

### Miami Dolphins

On April 4, 2005, he signed with the Miami Dolphins, to provide depth after Patrick Surtain was traded to the Kansas City Chiefs. He was waived prior to the start of the season on September 4.

## NFL career statistics

| Legend | |
| --- | --- |
| **Bold** | Career high |

### Regular season

| Year | Team | Games | | Tackles | | | | | Interceptions | | | | | Fumbles | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | GP | GS | Cmb | Solo | Ast | Sck | TFL | Int | Yds | TD | Lng | PD | FF | FR | Yds | TD |
| 2000 | DAL | 11 | 1 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2001 | DAL | **16** | 15 | 49 | 42 | **7** | 0.0 | **2** | 1 | **71** | **1** | **71** | 7 | 0 | **1** | **2** | 0 |
| 2002 | DAL | 15 | 15 | **57** | **53** | 4 | 0.0 | **2** | **2** | 29 | 0 | 29 | **9** | 0 | **1** | 0 | 0 |
| 2003 | DAL | **16** | **16** | 42 | 37 | 5 | 0.0 | 0 | 1 | 27 | **1** | 27 | **9** | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2004 | TAM | 15 | 3 | 27 | 22 | 5 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | **1** | 0 | 0 |
|  | | 73 | 50 | 185 | 164 | 21 | 0.0 | 4 | 4 | 127 | 2 | 71 | 31 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 |

### Playoffs

| Year | Team | Games | | Tackles | | | | | Interceptions | | | | | Fumbles | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | GP | GS | Cmb | Solo | Ast | Sck | TFL | Int | Yds | TD | Lng | PD | FF | FR | Yds | TD |
| 2003 | DAL | **1** | **1** | **5** | **4** | **1** | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | | 1 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

## Coaching career

In 2009, he was an assistant football coach at W. W. Samuell High School in Dallas, Texas. From 2010 to 2012, he was an assistant football coach at Billy Ryan High School in Denton, Texas. From 2012 to 2019, he was the director of player development for the Florida State football program. In 2020, he was hired to be a secondary coach at North Forney High School in Forney, Texas.

## Personal life

Edwards's son, Mario Jr., also played for Florida State University and like his father, won a national championship with the Seminoles. He currently plays defensive end for the Seattle Seahawks of the NFL. He is also the father of Dalen, Angel, and Gianni Edwards.

## InfoBox

Mario Edwards
| Rockwall-Heath High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Head of recruiting, secondary coach |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1975-12-01) December 1, 1975
Clayton County, Georgia, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) |
| Weight: | 199 lb (90 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Pascagoula
(Pascagoula, Mississippi) |
| College: | Florida State |
| NFL draft: | 2000 / round: 6 / pick: 180 |
| Career history | |
| As a player: | |
|  | |
| * Offseason and/or practice squad member only | |
| As a coach: | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Total tackles: 185  Fumble recoveries: 3  Pass deflections: 20  Interceptions: 4  Defensive touchdowns: 2 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Mechanical Emotion

abstract: "Mechanical Emotion" is a 1984 song by Canadian singer Vanity. It was released as the second single in support of her debut solo album, Wild Animal. The single peaked at No. 23 on the Billboard R&B singles chart.

text:
# Mechanical Emotion

"**Mechanical Emotion**" is a 1984 song by Canadian singer Vanity. It was released as the second single in support of her debut solo album, *Wild Animal*. The single peaked at No. 23 on the *Billboard* R&B singles chart.

## Track listing

**US 7" single**

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Mechanical Emotion" | 4:10 |
| 2. | "Crazy Maybe" | 4:40 |

**UK 7" single**

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Mechanical Emotion" (Vocal Mix) | 5:44 |
| 2. | "Mechanical Emotion" (Instrumental) | 6:20 |
| 3. | "Crazy Maybe" (LP Version) | 5:05 |

## Personnel

* Vanity – lead vocals, backing vocals
* Morris Day – backing vocals
* Bill Wolfer – composer (tracks: 2, 3)
* Vanity – composer, producer
* Bill Wolfer – producer, arranger

## Charts

| Chart (1984) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 107 |
| US *Billboard* Hot Black Singles | 23 |

## InfoBox

| "Mechanical Emotion" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Vanity | |
| from the album  *Wild Animal* | |
| B-side | "Crazy Maybe" |
| Released | November 1984 |
| Recorded | 1984 |
| Genre | Contemporary R&B
Dance-pop |
| Length | 5:05 |
| Label | Motown Records |
| Songwriter(s) | Vanity |
| Producer(s) | Vanity, Bill Wolfer |
| Vanity singles chronology | |
| "Pretty Mess"
(1984) "**Mechanical Emotion**"
(1984) "Under the Influence"
(1986) | |


title: Poecilosomella

abstract: Poecilosomella is a genus of flies belonging to the family Lesser Dung flies. These small flies, often with attractive patterning on the wings and body, are commonly found in a wide range of habitats throughout the Old World and Australasia.

text:
# Poecilosomella

***Poecilosomella*** is a genus of flies belonging to the family Lesser Dung flies. These small flies, often with attractive patterning on the wings and body, are commonly found in a wide range of habitats throughout the Old World and Australasia.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Poecilosomella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Sphaeroceridae |
| Subfamily: | Limosininae |
| Genus: | *Poecilosomella*
Duda, 1925 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Copromyza punctipennis*
Wiedemann, 1824 | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Poecilosomela* Vanschuytbroeck, 1959 | |


title: Pine Hill Airport (Massachusetts)

abstract: Pine Hill Airport was an airfield operational in the mid-20th century in Lancaster, Massachusetts.

text:
# Pine Hill Airport (Massachusetts)

**Pine Hill Airport** was an airfield operational in the mid-20th century in Lancaster, Massachusetts.

## InfoBox

| Pine Hill Airport | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Operator | Private |
| Location | Lancaster, Massachusetts |
| Built | Unknown |
| In use | 1950-Before 1960 |
| Occupants | Private |
| Elevation AMSL | 273 ft / 83 m |
| Coordinates | 42°28′11.10″N 71°38′51.98″W / 42.4697500°N 71.6477722°W / 42.4697500; -71.6477722 |


title: Schapendoes

abstract: The Schapendoes or Dutch Sheepdog, is a breed of dog originating in the Netherlands. The Schapendoes was originally a herding dog and general farm dog, but today also participates in dog sports such as agility and flyball.

text:
# Schapendoes

The **Schapendoes** (Dutch pronunciation: \[ˈsxaːpə(n)ˌdus\] ) or **Dutch Sheepdog**, is a breed of dog originating in the Netherlands. The Schapendoes was originally a herding dog and general farm dog, but today also participates in dog sports such as agility and flyball.

## History

The Schapendoes descends from a general type of farm and herding dog popular in the Drenthe province of the Netherlands, and the Veluwe, an area of forests and swampland. ("does" is a local dialect meaning "swamp" see e.g. the town of Doesburg) The dogs there had many names, and were not a specific breed as we use the term today. They were the local working dog, adapted to the people, environment, and types of work needed. They were exhibited in early dog shows (in the 1870s) as *Domestic herding dog*.

The dogs became nearly extinct during World War II, and the modern day breed descends from the few survivors. The Dutch *Raad van Beheer* (national kennel club) first recognised the breed in 1952, and the first standard was written in 1954. Related breeds are the Bearded Collie, the Puli, the Polish Lowland Sheepdog (Owczarek Nizinny), the Old English Sheepdog, the Briard, the Bergamasco Shepherd (Cane da pastore Bergamasco) and the Old German Sheepdog (Schafspudel), all of which are small versions of the "mountain type" herding and livestock guardian dogs.

The breed was recognised by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale in 1971, as breed number 313 in Group 1, Section 1: Sheepdogs. Exported to the North America, the breed is recognised by the Canadian Kennel Club (as Dutch Sheepdog) and the United Kennel Club (USA) in their respective Herding groups. The American Kennel Club has listed the Schapendoes as part of its Foundation Stock Service, the first step in breed recognition. Additionally, it is recognised by numerous minor kennel clubs and internet-based dog registry businesses.

## Appearance

The Schapendoes is a medium-sized dog with long, thick fur on the body, legs, tail, and face. Small ears hang down, covered with long fur. The face has a moustache and beard. The coat is of any colour.

Height is up to 50 cm (19.7 in) at the withers and 12–20 kg (26–44 lb), up to 25 kg (55 lb) for males, in weight.

## Temperament

The breed standard describes the Schapendoes as friendly, high spirited, and affectionate. He is not a guard dog or aggressively protective, and if properly socialised while young, would most likely make a good family dog, as well as a good dog for active sports. Lively and intelligent dogs must receive regular training and outings. Temperament of individual dogs may vary. The Schapendoes is furthermore very independent and will cooperate with its trainer, rather than obey orders.

## Health

Health problems or claims of exceptional health have not been documented for this breed. Before acquiring a puppy, make sure that sire and dame have all health clearances.

## InfoBox

| Schapendoes<br>Dutch Sheepdog | |
| --- | --- |
| A Schapendoes agility dog | |
| Other names | Dutch Schapendoes, Nederlandse Schapendoes |
| Origin | Netherlands |
| Kennel club standards  Dutch Kennel Club standard  Fédération Cynologique Internationale standard | |
| Dog (domestic dog) | |


title: Phaio stratiotes

abstract: Phaio stratiotes is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1914. It is found in Panama.

text:
# Phaio stratiotes

***Phaio stratiotes*** is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1914. It is found in Panama.

## InfoBox

| *Phaio stratiotes* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Phaio* |
| Species: | ***P. stratiotes*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phaio stratiotes***<br>Dyar, 1914 | |
|


title: Ogonowice, Łódź Voivodeship

abstract: Ogonowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Opoczno, within Opoczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-east of Opoczno and 76 km (47 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

text:
# Ogonowice, Łódź Voivodeship

**Ogonowice** (Polish pronunciation: \[ɔɡɔnɔˈvit͡sɛ\]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Opoczno, within Opoczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-east of Opoczno and 76 km (47 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

## InfoBox

| Ogonowice | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Ogonowice | |
| Coordinates: 51°21′N 20°19′E / 51.350°N 20.317°E / 51.350; 20.317 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Łódź |
| County | Opoczno |
| Gmina | Opoczno |


title: NGC 747

abstract: NGC 747 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Cetus. Its speed relative to the cosmic microwave background is 5,100 ± 19 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 75.2 ± 5.3 Mpc. NGC 747 was discovered by American astronomer Francis Leavenworth in 1886. The luminosity class of NGC 747 is II and it has a broad HI line. To date, four non-redshift measurements yield a distance of 83.900 ± 4.166 Mpc, which is within the Hubble distance range. Note, however, that it is with the average value of independent measurements, when they exist, that the NASA/IPAC database calculates the diameter of a galaxy and that consequently the diameter of NGC 747 could be approximately 23.9 kpc. In the same area of the sky there are, among other things: the galaxies NGC 713, NGC 731, NGC 755 and NGC 767.

text:
# NGC 747

**NGC 747** is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Cetus. Its speed relative to the cosmic microwave background is 5,100 ± 19 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 75.2 ± 5.3 Mpc (~245 million ly). NGC 747 was discovered by American astronomer Francis Leavenworth in 1886. The luminosity class of NGC 747 is II and it has a broad HI line. To date, four non-redshift measurements yield a distance of 83.900 ± 4.166 Mpc (~274 million ly), which is within the Hubble distance range. Note, however, that it is with the average value of independent measurements, when they exist, that the NASA/IPAC database calculates the diameter of a galaxy and that consequently the diameter of NGC 747 could be approximately 23 .9 kpc (~78,000 ly). In the same area of the sky there are, among other things: the galaxies NGC 713, NGC 731, NGC 755 and NGC 767.

## InfoBox

| NGC 747 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Cetus |
| Right ascension | 01h 57m 29s |
| Declination | -09° 27 45″ |
| Redshift | 0.0179 |
| Apparent magnitude (B) | 14 |
| Surface brightness | 23.05 mag/arcsec2 |
| Other designations | |
| PGC 7366, 2MASX J01573044-0927444, MCG -02-06-007, SDSS J015730.45-092744.5 | |


title: Mégantic (federal electoral district)

abstract: Mégantic was a federal electoral district in the province of Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1935, and from 1949 to 1968.

text:
# Mégantic (federal electoral district)

**Mégantic** was a federal electoral district in the province of Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1935, and from 1949 to 1968.

## History

It was created by the *British North America Act*, 1867. It was abolished in 1935 when it was redistributed into the Lotbinière and Mégantic—Frontenac electoral districts.

The riding was created again in 1947 from Lotbinière and Mégantic—Frontenac, was defined to consist of:

* the county of Mégantic, (except the municipalities of Nelson, Ste-Anastasie-de-Nelson and the village of Lyster), the city of Thetford Mines and the town of Black Lake;
* that part of the county of Frontenac included in the municipalities of Courcelles, St-Vital-de-Lambton, St-Evariste-de-Forsyth, St-Méthode-de-Frontenac and the villages of Lambton and St-Evariste-Station;
* that part of the county of Wolfe included in the municipalities of Garthby, Stratford, Wolfestown, D'Israeli, Ste-Praxède and the villages of Beaulac and D'Israeli, together with that part of the municipality of Saints-Martyrs Canadiens included in the township of Garthby.

In 1952, it was redefined to consist of

* the county of Mégantic, (except the township municipality of Nelson, the municipality of Sainte-Anastasie-de-Nelson and the village municipality of Lyster), the city of Thetford-Mines and the town of Black Lake;
* that part of the county of Frontenac included in the municipalities of Lambton, Saint-Evariste-de-Forsyth, Sainte-Méthode-de-Frontenac, the parish municipality of Courcelles and the village municipalities of Lambton and La Guadeloupe;
* that part of the county of Wolfe included in the township municipalities of Garthby, Stratford and Wolfestown, the municipality of Disraeli, the parish municipality of Sainte-Praxède, the village municipalities of Beaulac and Disraeli, together with that part of the parish municipality of Saints-Martyrs Canadiens included in the township of Garthby.

It was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed into Compton, Frontenac and Richmond.

## Members of Parliament

This riding elected the following members of Parliament:

| Parliament | Years | Member | | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Mégantic** | | | | |
| 1st | 1867–1872 |  | George Irvine | Conservative |
| 2nd | 1872–1874 |  | Édouard Richard | Liberal |
| 3rd | 1874–1878 | | | |
| 4th | 1878–1882 | | Louis-Éphrem Olivier | |
| 5th | 1882–1884 |  | Louis-Israël Côté dit Fréchette | Conservative |
| | 1884–1887 |  | François Langelier | Liberal |
| 6th | | 1887–1891 | | Georges Turcot |
| 7th | 1891–1896 |  | Louis-Israël Côté dit Fréchette | Conservative |
| 8th | 1896–1900 |  | Georges Turcot | Liberal |
| 9th | 1900–1904 | | | |
| 10th | 1904–1908 | | François-Théodore Savoie | |
| 11th | 1908–1911 | ||
| 12th | 1911–1917 | | Lucien Turcotte Pacaud | |
| 13th | 1917–1921 | |  | Opposition (Laurier Liberals) |
| 14th | 1921–1922 | |  | Liberal |
| | 1922–1925 | | | Eusèbe Roberge |
| 15th | | | | 1925–1926 |
| 16th | | | | 1926–1930 |
| 17th | | | | 1930–1935 |
| ***Riding dissolved into* Lotbinière *and* Mégantic—Frontenac** | | | | |
| ***Riding re-created from* Lotbinière *and* Mégantic—Frontenac** | | | | |
| 21st | 1949–1953 |  | Joseph Lafontaine | Liberal |
| 22nd | 1953–1957 | | | |
| 23rd | 1957–1958 | | | |
| 24th | 1958–1962 | | Gabriel Roberge | |
| 25th | 1962–1963 |  | Raymond Langlois | Social Credit |
| 26th | 1963–1963 | | | |
| | 1963–1965 |  | | Ralliement créditiste |
| 27th | | | | 1965–1968 |
| ***Riding dissolved into* Compton, Frontenac *and* Richmond** | | | | |

## Election results

### Mégantic, 1867–1935

| 1867 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Conservative | George Irvine | 1,000 |
|  | Unknown | P. J. O. Triganne | 733 |
| Eligible voters | | | 2,226 |
| Source: Canadian Parliamentary Guide, 1871 | | | | | | |

| 1872 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Liberal | Édouard Richard | 975 |
|  | Unknown | Triganne | 857 |
| Source: Canadian Elections Database | | | | | | |

| 1874 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Liberal | Édouard Richard | 1,003 |
|  | Unknown | J. Reed | 621 |
|  | Unknown | L.P.E. Crépeau | 252 |
| Source: Canadian Elections Database | | | | | | |

| 1878 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Liberal | Louis-Éphrem Olivier | 1,191 |
|  | Unknown | Jos E. Turgeon | 881 |

| 1882 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Conservative | Louis-Israël Côté dit Fréchette | 1,204 |
|  | Unknown | L.O. Olivier | 1,085 |

| **By-election on 10 June 1884** On election being declared void, 1 April 1884 | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Liberal | François Langelier | 1,259 |
|  | Unknown | J.E. Turgeon | 1,222 |

| 1887 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Liberal | Georges Turcot | 1,471 |
|  | Unknown | L.D. Larose | 1,336 |

| 1891 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Conservative | Louis-Israël Côté dit Fréchette | 1,658 |
|  | Liberal | George Turcot | 1,547 |

| 1896 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Liberal | Georges Turcot | 2,064 |
|  | Conservative | Louis-Israël Côté dit Fréchette | 1,410 |

| 1900 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Liberal | Georges Turcot | 2,204 |
|  | Conservative | Louis-Israël Côté dit Fréchette | 1,795 |

| 1904 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Liberal | François-Théodore Savoie | 2,453 |
|  | Conservative | Louis-Israël Côté dit Fréchette | 1,950 |

| 1908 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Liberal | François-Théodore Savoie | 2,800 |
|  | Conservative | Louis-Israël Côté dit Fréchette | 2,365 |

| 1911 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Liberal | Lucien Turcotte Pacaud | 2,986 |
|  | Unknown | Louis Honoré Huard | 2,619 |

| 1917 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Opposition (Laurier Liberals) | Lucien Turcotte Pacaud | acclaimed |

| 1921 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Liberal | Lucien Turcotte Pacaud | 8,715 |
|  | Unknown | Alcide Alphonse Blondin | 1,749 |

| **By-election on 20 November 1922** On Pacaud's acceptance of an office of emolument<br>under the Crown, 26 October 1922 | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Liberal | Eusèbe Roberge | acclaimed |

| 1925 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Liberal | Eusèbe Roberge | 6,929 |
|  | Conservative | Wilfrid Laliberté | 3,262 |

| 1926 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Liberal | Eusèbe Roberge | 6,483 |
|  | Conservative | Camille Roberge | 3,243 |

| 1930 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Liberal | Eusèbe Roberge | 7,609 |
|  | Conservative | Joseph-Théophile Beaudoin | 5,757 |
| Source: Canadian Elections Database | | | | | | |

### Mégantic, 1949–1968

| 1949 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Liberal | Joseph Lafontaine | 13,273 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Oliva Cyr | 6,791 |
|  | Union des électeurs | Joseph Gagné | 2,230 |
|  | Co-operative Commonwealth | Émile Grenier | 415 |

| 1953 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Liberal | Joseph Lafontaine | 13,951 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Albert Coté | 8,420 |

| 1957 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Liberal | Joseph Lafontaine | 15,378 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Robert Gervais | 8,300 |

| 1958 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Liberal | Gabriel Roberge | 13,486 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | C.-Benoît Chartier | 13,030 |
|  | Independent Liberal | Gérard Sirois | 246 |

| 1962 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Social Credit | Raymond Langlois | 15,395 |
|  | Liberal | Gabriel Roberge | 7,609 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Jean-Luc Dutil | 5,822 |

| 1963 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Social Credit | Raymond Langlois | 11,329 |
|  | Liberal | Luc Gilbert-Lessard, | 9,140 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Fernand Gagné | 4,267 |
|  | New Democratic | Klaude Poulin | 1,115 |

| 1965 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Ralliement créditiste | Raymond Langlois | 11,195 |
|  | Liberal | Gaétan Théberge | 9,486 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Fernand Gagné | 2,634 |
|  | New Democratic | Claude Lafleur | 1,641 |

Riding history from the Library of Parliament:

## InfoBox

Mégantic
| Quebec electoral district | |
| --- | --- |
| Defunct federal electoral district | |
| Legislature | House of Commons |
| District created | 1947 |
| District abolished | 1967 |
| First contested | 1949 |
| Last contested | 1965 |


title: Vacuum engine

abstract: A vacuum engine refers to any kind of engine which derives its force from air pressure against one side of the piston, while also having a partial vacuum on the other side of it. This pressure differential can be the result of heat transfer, or mechanically produced by an external source.

text:
# Vacuum engine

A **vacuum engine** refers to any kind of engine which derives its force from air pressure against one side of the piston, while also having a partial vacuum on the other side of it. This pressure differential can be the result of heat transfer, or mechanically produced by an external source.

## History

Some early gas engines worked on the "vacuum" or "atmospheric" principle in a similar way to the Newcomen steam engine. A mixture of gas and air was eaten by the cylinder and ignited; the mixture expanded and part of it escaped through the exhaust valve; the valve then closed, the mixture cooled and contracted, and atmospheric pressure pushed the piston in. Such engines were very inefficient and were superseded by engines working on the Otto cycle.

## Heat engines

(also called **flame-licker engine**, **flame-engine**, or **flame-dancer**)

At the beginning of an intake stroke, a valve in the head of the cylinder opens and admits a charge of burning gas and air, which is trapped by the closing of the valve and expands. Towards the end of the stroke the charge comes into contact with a water- or air-cooled part of the cylinder and is chilled, causing a sudden drop in pressure sufficient to suck the piston – which is open towards the crank – back on the return stroke. The valve opens again in time for the piston to expel the burnt gases before the next stroke begins.

## Vacuum motor

In a vacuum motor, the partial vacuum is created by an external pump. These motors were commonly used to power railway turntables in the UK, using vacuum created by a steam locomotive's vacuum brake ejector. The operating principle is similar to a steam engine – in both cases power is extracted from a difference in pressure.

Small vacuum motors were also used to operate windscreen wipers in automobiles. In this case, the motors were powered by manifold vacuum. This arrangement was not very satisfactory because, if the throttle were wide open, the wipers would slow down, or even stop. Modern automobiles use electrically powered wipers. Modern automobiles still use a vacuum motor of a kind, however, the vacuum servo. Brakes are operated by a hydraulic system, but they use a ‘vacuum motor’ to amplify the force provided by the driver. Small vacuum motors were also used from the late 1960s to control servomechanisms such as door locks, heater controls or movable bonnet ventilation flaps.

Some Player piano use vacuum engines.

You could say that the global Industrial Revolution arose because of a 'vacuum motor', because all the early steam engines, especially the pioneering Boulton and Watt engines, operated with almost atmospheric pressure steam. You can easily make a demonstration vacuum engine using a flywheel, simple plumbing parts and a few other simple components, as Neil A Downie shows in the reference.

A vacuum system can be used for power transmission, although the maximum power that can be transmitted to a vacuum motor is less than conventional pneumatics. There is an optimum pressure for the operation of a vacuum power transmission system, of around 0.4 bar (8 psig), as Downie also shows. Although less efficient than pneumatics, it can be perfectly workable. For example, a 22 mm (7/8") pipe on vacuum can transmit as much power on 0.4 bar (8 psig) as a 6 mm (1/4") pipe on 8 bar (100 psig). The system is efficient enough that Boulton and Watt used vacuum power transmission in their factory. They called the vacuum main in the factory the ‘spirit pipe’.

## Ideal Thermodynamic Process

Unlike the ideal Otto cycle engine, the vacuum engine relies on a constant heat source provided by burning fuel. As mentioned above, a valve allows an intake of heat into the piston chamber. Estimating the heat in or Qin is constant in the controlled volume space, the ideal gas equation PV = nRT implies an increase in the pressure of the piston chamber. After the valve closes, the piston undergoes an adiabatic process during the downward stroke. Once the piston reaches the bottom of its stroke, the chamber is cooled either by the surrounding air or water, and the resulting Qout forces the pressure in the piston to decrease. The system then undergoes another adiabatic compression of the gas in the chamber, which is subsequently released by the valve at the top of the cylinder's stroke, while simultaneously allowing new heated gas to enter the chamber.

One of the major issues that this engine encountered while being developed was that the efficiency of this model was extremely poor in real applications. Because the heat source is not contained to a specific area, only a small portion of the potential fuel is being consumed to power the engine. Because Engine efficiency is defined by the relationship between the amount of work done and the potential energy in the fuel consumed, it can be seen that in the vacuum engine only a small amount of the burning fuel is being used to power the engine. The rest of the fuel energy is lost to the surrounding atmosphere.

1. Downie, Neil A., Exploding Disk Cannons, Slimemobiles and 32 Other Projects for Saturday Science, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press (2006).
2. Smiles, Samuel, Lives of the Engineers, the Steam Engine, Boulton and Watt, London, John Murray (1878).


title: Mechanical Dream

abstract: Mechanical Dream is a role-playing game designed by Francis Larose & Benjamin Paquette. It was originally published in 2002 by SteamLogic until the company's bankruptcy in 2004, after which Larose and Paquette started a new company under the name SteamLogic Editions in 2004.

text:
# Mechanical Dream

***Mechanical Dream*** is a role-playing game designed by Francis Larose & Benjamin Paquette. It was originally published in 2002 by SteamLogic until the company's bankruptcy in 2004, after which Larose and Paquette started a new company under the name SteamLogic Editions in 2004.

## Setting

### Overview

Characters reside in the world of the dual world of Kaïnas and Naakinis, a 30,000 mile disk lit by a sun-like orb called the Pendulum. This disk is surrounded by the Sofe, a 40-mile-tall wall of black ether that few, if any, have ever returned from. Kaïnas (the rational world) and Naakinis (the mythic world) exist with overlapping topography and ecosystems. Flora and fauna of Kainas are scaled normally by real-world standards, while Naakinis exists on a much larger scale (such as the "Kioux" trees that reach many miles in height). In general, the word "Kaïnas" denotes the disk illuminated by the Pendulum, but "Naakinis" extends further and includes whatever lies in and beyond the Sofe.

### Dream, Aran, & Reality

The Pendulum spends roughly ten of each day's thirty hours beyond the Sofe, creating night-like darkness. During this time, a phenomenon called "The Dream" manifests, becoming stronger as less and less light permeates Kaïnas. The Dream is a fabulous and dangerous world that overlaps with reality. It is initially hazy and hallucinatory, becoming as solid as reality during the darkest parts of the night. Areas where the Pendulum does not shine are affected by permanent manifestations of the Dream.

The Aran world is a separate existence, accessible only in places the Pendulums' light cannot reach (underground or deep underwater). It is fiercely primordial, rejecting inorganic matter and operating by rules entirely different from reality. The creatures inhabiting Aran are unpredictable and poorly understood.

### Orpee & Eflow

The vast majority of the setting's population depends on the weekly consumption of the orpee fruit to survive. Without orpee, a rapid and excruciating death is guaranteed. Orpee naturally concentrates a life-force called "eflow" that fuels life. The politics and economics of Kaïnas are primarily driven by the collection and distribution of orpee, as it is an absolute requirement for life.

### Races of Kainas

Ten races can be found in Kaïnas.

* *Emovan*: Aquatic craftsmen with a strongly collectivist society.
* *Frilin*: An intellectual plant-based race who do not require orpee to survive.
* *Gnath*: A highly rational people who are the driving force behind modernization.
* *Inaïs*: The only race able to harvest orpee, who live as passionate ascetics.
* *Nayan*: A deeply passionate and charismatic race driven by a powerful martyrdom complex.
* *Odwoane*: A diminutive race of mimicking laborers who instinctively gather and act in groups.
* *Solek*: A race that emerged from the Sofe, characterized by their silence and efficiency
* *Volkoï*: A race bred for war and physically dependent on a constant flow of adrenaline.
* *Yaki*: A collection of tightly knit nomadic tribes with a strong understanding of the Dream.
* *Zïn*: Extremely rare, solitary beings who carry within them a volatile Aran entity.

### Echoes

The heroes of Kaïnas are called Echoes. Able to harness eflow to produce miraculous effect using their "Gifts," they are also able to gain information and insight through a "Whisper," the so-called voice of eflow that speaks to each Echo. There exist many different "vocations" for Echoes, castes that delineate their personalities and abilities:

* *Awakener*: Healers and animators of the inanimate.
* *Guardians*: Marksmen and defenders.
* *Judge*: Champions of social order and fair justice.
* *Judicator*: Brutal warriors who police other Echoes.
* *Mind Chemist*: Psychics able to enter the minds of others.
* *Nightmare*: Violent predators who become one with the Dream.
* *Overlord*: Overseers who seek and succeed at control over others.
* *Truth Crafter*: Scholars and storytellers with the power of illusion.
* *Walker*: Hardened drifters and explorers.
* *War Engine*: Masters of all things martial.

## InfoBox

Mechanical Dream
| *Mechanical Dream* cover | |
| --- | --- |
| Designers | Francis Larose & Benjamin Paquette |
| Publishers | SteamLogic |
| Publication | 2002 |
| Genres | Fantasy |
| Systems | Custom (Absolute Judge) |


title: Poecilostachys

abstract:
Poecilostachys is a genus of African plants in the grass family, several of the species found only in Madagascar.
  - Species
  - formerly included see Oplismenus
  - Poecilostachys stapfii - Oplismenus flavicomus

text:
# Poecilostachys

***Poecilostachys*** is a genus of African plants in the grass family, several of the species found only in Madagascar.

Species   formerly included

see *Oplismenus*

## InfoBox

| *Poecilostachys* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Panicoideae |
| Supertribe: | Panicodae |
| Tribe: | Paniceae |
| Subtribe: | Boivinellinae |
| Genus: | *Poecilostachys*
Hack. |
|
| Type species | |
| *Poecilostachys hildebrandtii*
Hack. | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Chloachne* Stapf | |


title: Gallzein

abstract: Gallzein is a municipality in the Schwaz district in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

text:
# Gallzein

**Gallzein** is a municipality in the Schwaz district in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

## Geography

Gallzein lies on a terrace of the Lower Inn Valley in the foothills of the Alps.

## InfoBox

| Gallzein | |
| --- | --- |
| Kobald Chapel in Hochgallzein (part of Gallzein) | |
|  | |
| GallzeinLocation within Austria | |
| Coordinates: 47°22′00″N 11°46′00″E / 47.36667°N 11.76667°E / 47.36667; 11.76667 | |
| Country | Austria |
| State | Tyrol |
| District | Schwaz |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Josef Brunner |
| Area | |
| Total | 10.68 km2 (4.12 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 825 m (2,707 ft) |
| Population (2018-01-01) | |
| Total | 668 |
| Density | 63/km2 (160/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 6222 |
| Area code | 05244 |
| Vehicle registration | SZ |
| Website | www.gallzein.tirol.gv.at |


title: Schistura coruscans

abstract: Schistura coruscans is a species of ray-finned fish in the stone loach genus Schistura from the Nam San drainage, a tributary of the Nam Ngum in Laos.

text:
# Schistura coruscans

***Schistura coruscans*** is a species of ray-finned fish in the stone loach genus *Schistura* from the Nam San drainage, a tributary of the Nam Ngum in Laos.

## InfoBox

| *Schistura coruscans* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Nemacheilidae |
| Genus: | *Schistura* |
| Species: | ***S. coruscans*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Schistura coruscans***
Kottelat, 2000 | |
|


title: Petrusville

abstract: Petrusville is a village in the eastern Karoo region of South Africa, located in the Northern Cape province. It is 45 km north-east of Philipstown, 56 km south-east of Kraankuil and 10 km south of the Orange River. Founded about 1877 on the farm Rhenosterfontein and named after Petrus Jacobus van der Walt who had taken it forcefully in 1810 and donated a portion of it to the Dutch Reformed Church in 1822.the new evidence that is gathered reflect that there were people who used to live in Petrusville before 1800 and its believed that Petrusville was the old soldiers camp. The evidence is the old cemetery situated behind izinyoka Revonia area and others in the plakkerskamp. There are tombstone shows that Petrusville was there since 1803.

text:
# Petrusville

**Petrusville** is a village in the eastern Karoo region of South Africa, located in the Northern Cape province.

It is 45 km north-east of Philipstown, 56 km south-east of Kraankuil and 10 km south of the Orange River. Founded about 1877 on the farm Rhenosterfontein and named after Petrus Jacobus van der Walt who had taken it forcefully in 1810 and donated a portion of it to the Dutch Reformed Church in 1822.the new evidence that is gathered reflect that there were people who used to live in Petrusville before 1800 and its believed that Petrusville was the old soldiers camp. The evidence is the old cemetery situated behind izinyoka Revonia area and others in the plakkerskamp. There are tombstone shows that Petrusville was there since 1803.

Pictures taken by Aphiwe Ambrose Veli on Facebook

## InfoBox

| Petrusville | |
| --- | --- |
| PetrusvillePetrusville | |
| Coordinates: 30°5′S 24°39′E / 30.083°S 24.650°E / -30.083; 24.650 | |
| Country | South Africa |
| Province | Northern Cape |
| District | Pixley ka Seme |
| Municipality | Renosterberg |
| Area | |
| Total | 58.60 km2 (22.63 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 5,211 |
| Density | 89/km2 (230/sq mi) |
| Racial makeup (2011) | |
| Black African | 40.0% |
| Coloured | 56.6% |
| Indian/Asian | 0.8% |
| White | 2.1% |
| Other | 0.5% |
| First languages (2011) | |
| Afrikaans | 63.3% |
| Xhosa | 31.4% |
| Sotho | 1.9% |
| English | 1.7% |
| Other | 1.8% |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (SAST) |
| Postal code (street) | 8770 |
| PO box | 8770 |
| Area code | 053 |


title: Ogden (horse)

abstract: Ogden (1894–1923) was a British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse that was imported to the United States at a young age and became one of the top sires in the US during the 1910s. He notably sired Sir Martin, winner of the 1910 Coronation Cup in the UK, and The Finn, 1915 Belmont Stakes winner.

text:
# Ogden (horse)

**Ogden** (1894–1923) was a British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse that was imported to the United States at a young age and became one of the top sires in the US during the 1910s. He notably sired Sir Martin, winner of the 1910 Coronation Cup in the UK, and The Finn, 1915 Belmont Stakes winner.

## Pedigree

Ogden was sired by the British stallion Kilwarlin, winner of the 1887 St. Leger Stakes, and his dam was Oriole, herself a daughter of the 1880 Epsom Derby winner, Bend Or. Ogden is officially recorded by The Jockey Club as being foaled in the United Kingdom and is recorded in volume 17 of the General Stud Book, kept by the British Jockey Club, as being foaled on April 10, 1894. The decision to breed Oriole to Kilwarlin was made by the mare's initial owner, F. Luscombe. Oriole was bought in December 1893 by copper magnate and prominent horseman Marcus Daly after she had been bred to Kilwarlin, leading to persistent rumors that Ogden was actually foaled en route to Daly's Montana stud farm and he was named after Ogden, Utah. However, Oriole did not arrive in the United States until October 1894, arriving aboard the steamship *Manitoba*, making it more likely that Ogden was imported as a weanling with his dam.

## Racing career

Ogden was trained at Daly's Bitteroot Stud Farm in Montana and initially raced at local racetracks near Butte before being shipped to the Eastern racing circuit in New York and New Jersey as two-year-old. He was an unanticipated winner in the 1896 Belmont Futurity Stakes and won the Great Eclipse Stakes that year. Ogden was the leading two-year-old money winner of 1896. At age four, Ogden won the Long Island Handicap and was third in the 1897 Suburban Handicap. In his racing career, Ogden started in 28 races and won 15, earning $59,070 over four years.

## Progeny

Marcus Daly died in late 1900. Ogden was initially sold to William Lakeland, who raced him in the 1901 season, then sold him to John E. Madden in December 1901. He stood at Madden's Lexington stud farm, Hamburg Place, until Ogden's death in 1923. Ogden's most notable sons are Sir Martin and The Finn. Sir Martin (b. 1906) was a half-brother of the first U.S. Triple Crown winner Sir Barton and was a good runner in the US and UK during the early 1900s. The Finn (b. 1912) was the most successful sire of Ogden's get, siring Zev, who won the 1923 Kentucky Derby and the 1923 Belmont Stakes, as well as Flying Ebony, who won the 1925 Kentucky Derby.From 1907 to 1922, Ogden sired 527 stakes winners for a combined winnings total of over $1 million, and was the leading juvenile sire of 1914. Ogden is buried in the equine cemetery at Hamburg Place.

## Sire line tree

## InfoBox

| Ogden | |
| --- | --- |
| Sire | Kilwarlin |
| Grandsire | Arbitrator |
| Dam | Oriole |
| Damsire | Bend Or |
| Sex | Stallion |
| Foaled | 1894 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Colour | Bay |
| Breeder | Marcus Daly
F. Luscombe |
| Owner | 1) Marcus Daly
2) John E. Madden |
| Trainer | William Lakeland |
| Record | 28: 15 - 8 - 1 |
| Earnings | $59,070 |
| Major wins | |
| Belmont Futurity Stakes (1896)
Great Eastern Handicap (1896)
Long Island Handicap (1898) | |
| Honours | |
| American Champion Two-Year-Old Colt (1896)
Leading juvenile sire in United States (1914) | |


title: NGC 7429

abstract: NGC 7429 is an open cluster in the constellation Cepheus. The object was discovered on 29 September 1829 by the British astronomer John Herschel.

text:
# NGC 7429

**NGC 7429** is an open cluster in the constellation Cepheus. The object was discovered on 29 September 1829 by the British astronomer John Herschel.

* Media related to NGC 7429 at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| NGC 7429 | |
| --- | --- |
| SDSS image of NGC 7429 | |
| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
| Right ascension | 22h 55m 53.28s |
| Declination | 59° 57m 36s |
| Distance | 4080 ly (1250 pc) |
| Apparent dimensions (V) | 15 |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Estimated age | 120 Gyr |
| Other designations | OCL 249 |
| Associations | |
| Constellation | Cepheus |
|


title: Peter McKenna

abstract: Peter McKenna is a former Australian rules footballer who represented Collingwood and Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1960s and 1970s. He also represented Devonport in the North West Football Union (NWFU), and Northcote, Port Melbourne and Geelong West in the Victorian Football Association (VFA). Regarded as one of the best full-forwards to ever play the game, McKenna holds the VFL/AFL record for the longest sequence of matches in which he scored at least one goal: 121 matches. A moptop hairstyle, genial grin, and a gift for taking chest-high marks won McKenna adulation in the 1960s and 1970s as the game's first multimedia star. He continued his involvement in the game as a commentator with the Seven Network during the 1980s and 1990s.

text:
# Peter McKenna

**Peter McKenna** (born 27 August 1946 in Brunswick West, Victoria) is a former Australian rules footballer who represented Collingwood and Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1960s and 1970s. He also represented Devonport in the North West Football Union (NWFU), and Northcote, Port Melbourne and Geelong West in the Victorian Football Association (VFA).

Regarded as one of the best full-forwards to ever play the game, McKenna holds the VFL/AFL record for the longest sequence of matches in which he scored at least one goal: 121 matches. A moptop hairstyle, genial grin, and a gift for taking chest-high marks won McKenna adulation in the 1960s and 1970s as the game's first multimedia star. He continued his involvement in the game as a commentator with the Seven Network during the 1980s and 1990s.

## Playing career

McKenna was the second of five children to Winnie and Kevin McKenna. He grew up supporting Essendon and played soccer until he was 13.

Recruited from West Heidelberg YCW, McKenna credited Collingwood coach Bob Rose for patiently helping to shape him into the champion footballer he was to become. In the opening round of the 1966 VFL season against Hawthorn at Victoria Park, McKenna gave a glimpse of what was to come when he kicked 12 goals in a match-winning effort, the first of thirteen occasions when he would kick ten or more goals in a game. However, McKenna's form dropped away; and, after being held goalless against North Melbourne in round 6, he was dropped for the remainder of the season.

McKenna kicked 47 goals in 1967, leading Collingwood's goalkicking for the first time. He went on to win that award for eight consecutive seasons, including in 1969 and 1971 when he kicked 143 and 134 goals, respectively. From the start of the 1968 VFL season to round 3, 1974, McKenna kicked at least one goal in 121 consecutive games, still a VFL/AFL record as of 2024.

McKenna was noted for his use of the drop punt as his preferred kick for goalkicking. Although the drop punt had been in use since the 1930s, McKenna's accuracy and distance with the kick, at a time when most forwards still used the flat punt for shots longer than 30 metres, made him one of the first great exponents of the kicking style and helped to popularise it.

Collingwood played in two grand finals during McKenna's career, 1966 and 1970, both of which Collingwood lost. McKenna did not play in the former match. In the latter game, he was concussed in a collision with teammate Des Tuddenham before half time which contributed to Collingwood giving up a 44-point half-time lead.

In 1972 and 1973, McKenna was the VFL leading goalkicker, kicking 130 in 1972 and 86 in 1973. In 1972, he was also named All-Australian for his performance in the 1972 Perth Carnival for Victoria.

At the end of round 10, 1975, McKenna led Collingwood's goalkicking list with a modest total of 26 goals, but the following week he had a poor game in which he was held goalless in the round 11 Queen's Birthday match against Melbourne. This performance saw him and a number of teammates in round 12 dropped to the reserves against South Melbourne Football Club at VFL Park in which he suffered a kidney injury – he did not play for Collingwood again after that.

In 1976, McKenna played with the Devonport Magpies in Tasmania's North West Football Union (NWFU). He played a solitary season for Devonport and kicked 79 goals in 17 games.

McKenna returned to the VFL in 1977 to play for Collingwood's bitter rival, Carlton, kicking 36 goals in 11 games. He left Carlton after one season and then spent three years in the Victorian Football Association (VFA), playing one year with each of Geelong West (67 goals) and Port Melbourne (52 goals), where he was captain/coach, and Northcote (98 goals).

Altogether, McKenna's VFL record of 874 goals from 191 games was enough to place him as the league's fourth-highest goalkicker at the time of his retirement, behind only Gordon Coventry, Doug Wade and Jack Titus; as of the end of the 2023 AFL season, he sat tenth on the all-time league leaderboard. He has scored the most goals of any player to finish his career with fewer than 200 VFL/AFL games, and his goals-per-game average of 4.58 is the fifth-highest of all time. His full senior and representative career yielded 1,213 goals.

## VFL statistics

**Legend**
| G | Goals | K | Kicks | D | Disposals | T | Tackles |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| B | Behinds | H | Handballs | M | Marks |

|  | Led the league for the season only |
| --- | --- |
|  | Led the league after finals only |
|  | Led the league after season and finals |

| Season | Team | No. | Games | Totals | | | | | | | Averages (per game) | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | G | B | K | H | D | M | T | G | B | K | H | D | M | T |
| 1965 | Collingwood | 15 | 12 | 21 | 12 | 110 | 15 | 125 | 47 |  | 1.8 | 1.0 | 9.2 | 1.3 | 10.4 | 3.9 |  |
| 1966 | Collingwood | 6 | 6 | 20 | 11 | 64 | 19 | 83 | 40 |  | 3.3 | 1.8 | 10.7 | 3.2 | 13.8 | 6.7 |  |
| 1967 | Collingwood | 6 | 16 | 47 | 33 | 186 | 21 | 207 | 96 |  | 2.9 | 2.1 | 11.6 | 1.3 | 12.9 | 6.0 |  |
| 1968 | Collingwood | 6 | 15 | 64 | 34 | 145 | 14 | 159 | 81 |  | 4.3 | 2.3 | 9.7 | 0.9 | 10.6 | 5.4 |  |
| 1969 | Collingwood | 6 | 19 | 98 | 55 | 241 | 24 | 265 | 125 |  | 5.2 | 2.9 | 12.7 | 1.3 | 13.9 | 6.6 |  |
| 1970 | Collingwood | 6 | 22 | 143 | **80** | 294 | 32 | 326 | 164 |  | 6.5 | **3.6** | 13.4 | 1.5 | 14.8 | 7.5 |  |
| 1971 | Collingwood | 6 | 22 | 134 | **79** | 282 | 32 | 314 | 159 |  | 6.1 | **3.6** | 12.8 | 1.5 | 14.3 | 7.2 |  |
| 1972 | Collingwood | 6 | 20 | **130** | 53 | 225 | 23 | 248 | 132 |  | **6.5** | 2.7 | 11.3 | 1.2 | 12.4 | 6.6 |  |
| 1973 | Collingwood | 6 | 20 | **86** | 42 | 179 | 17 | 196 | 113 |  | **4.3** | 2.1 | 9.0 | 0.9 | 9.8 | 5.7 |  |
| 1974 | Collingwood | 6 | 18 | 69 | 34 | 138 | 14 | 152 | 85 |  | 3.8 | 1.9 | 7.7 | 0.8 | 8.4 | 4.7 |  |
| 1975 | Collingwood | 6 | 10 | 26 | 14 | 59 | 11 | 70 | 31 |  | 2.6 | 1.6 | 6.6 | 1.2 | 7.8 | 3.4 |  |
| 1977 | Carlton | 27 | 11 | 36 | 23 | 89 | 10 | 99 | 41 |  | 3.3 | 2.1 | 8.1 | 0.9 | 9.0 | 3.7 |  |
| Career | | | 191 | 874 | 470 | 2012 | 232 | 2244 | 1114 |  | 4.6 | 2.5 | 10.6 | 1.2 | 11.8 | 5.9 |  |

## Life off the football field

During his football career, he recorded his first pop single *Things to Remember*, written by Melbourne singer/songwriter Colin Buckley. This was followed by another single *Smile*, written by Johnny Young.

In 1969, he was a teacher at Fairfield State Primary.

In the late 1970s and early 1980s he taught at Marcellin College Junior Boys School in Camberwell.

McKenna appeared regularly on television at this time, being Daryl Somers' co-host of *Hey Hey It's Saturday* for the show's first eight weeks in late 1971, and continuing to appear after Ossie Ostrich had replaced him as co-host. There were also appearances on shows such as *Young Talent Time* and *Happening '72*.

In 1973, he published a book describing his life and career to date, and his thoughts on the VFL and Australian football in general. The book was co-written with Phillip Burfurd and published in the Jack Pollard *Sportsmaster* range of titles. *My World Of Football* was subtitled "The candid, provocative innermost thoughts and technical secrets of an Australian football hero".

After his football career had ended, McKenna commentated football with the Seven Network until Seven lost the rights to broadcast AFL matches after the 2001 AFL season. He then worked in radio and as a part-time goalkicking coach at Collingwood until May 2004 when it was announced that McKenna would begin working as a ministerial transport officer (chauffeur) for the Parliament of Victoria.

In September 2007, in an attempt to boost public awareness and support for epilepsy sufferers and their families, McKenna opened up about the three deaths in his family that had impacted him deeply over the years; those of his older sister Marie, who died after suffering an epileptic seizure just days out from McKenna's 21st birthday, and father Kevin and brother Gerard from diabetes-related illnesses.

McKenna is married with two daughters and two grandsons.

## Bibliography

* Atkinson, G. (1982) *Everything you ever wanted to know about Australian rules football but couldn't be bothered asking*, The Five Mile Press: Melbourne. ISBN 0 86788 009 0.
* *My World Of Football*, Peter McKenna with Phillip Burfurd, 1973.

## InfoBox

| Peter McKenna | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Date of birth | (1946-08-27) 27 August 1946 | | |
| Place of birth | Victoria | | |
| Original team(s) | West Heidelberg YCW | | |
| Height | 191 cm (6 ft 3 in) | | |
| Weight | 87 kg (192 lb) | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1965–1975 | Collingwood | 180 (838) |
| 1977 | Carlton | 011 0(36) |
| Total |  | **191 (874)** |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1977. | | | |
| Career highlights | | | |
|  | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |