title: Tony Sylva

abstract: Tony Mario Sylva is a Senegalese former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He spent the vast majority of his 16-year professional career in France, playing in 157 Ligue 1 games during eight seasons and representing in the competition Monaco and Lille. Sylva appeared with Senegal in the 2002 World Cup and four Africa Cup of Nations tournaments. He is the current goalkeeping coach of Senegal, appointed by Aliou Cissé in 2015.

text:
# Tony Sylva

**Tony Mario Sylva** (born 17 May 1975) is a Senegalese former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

He spent the vast majority of his 16-year professional career in France, playing in 157 Ligue 1 games during eight seasons and representing in the competition Monaco and Lille.

Sylva appeared with Senegal in the 2002 World Cup and four Africa Cup of Nations tournaments. He is the current goalkeeping coach of Senegal, appointed by Aliou Cissé in 2015.

## Club career

Born in Guédiawaye, Sylva spent nearly a decade at the service of AS Monaco FC, but featured mainly for the reserve team during his spell, being successively backup to Fabien Barthez and Flavio Roma in the main squad. He made his debut in Division 1 on 12 September 1999 in a 1–2 away against Stade Rennais FC, contributing with six appearances as the club won the national championship; he also served loans at Gazélec Ajaccio, SAS Épinal and AC Ajaccio before leaving in 2004, the latter two sides competing in Ligue 2.

Sylva subsequently signed for Lille OSC on a free transfer, never appearing in fewer than 30 league games in his four years and helping his team to the second position in 2004–05. He retired in June 2010 at the age of 35, after two seasons in Turkey with Trabzonspor; although his contract with the former was due to expire in June 2009, according to Article 17 of FIFA's regulations for the status and transfer of players he was allowed to leave the club.

## International career

Sylva earned 83 caps for Senegal, during nine years. His debut came on 6 June 1999, in a 2–2 draw in Burkina Faso for the 2000 African Cup of Nations qualifiers.

Sylva's was his country's first-choice at the 2002 FIFA World Cup, helping Senegal reach the quarter-finals in their first appearance in the competition.

## Honours

**Monaco**

**Lille**

**Trabzonspor**

**Senegal**

## InfoBox

Tony Sylva
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Tony Mario Sylva | | |
| Date of birth | (1975-05-17) 17 May 1975 | | |
| Place of birth | Guédiawaye, Senegal | | |
| Height | 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | ADS Aldo Gentina Dakar | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1993–2004 | Monaco | 24 | (0) |
| 1995–1996 | Gazélec (loan) | 33 | (0) |
| 1996–1997 | Épinal (loan) | 10 | (0) |
| 2000–2001 | Ajaccio (loan) | 31 | (0) |
| 2004–2008 | Lille | 133 | (0) |
| 2008–2010 | Trabzonspor | 39 | (0) |
| Total |  | **270** | **(0)** |
| International career | | | |
| 1999–2008 | Senegal | 83 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Paraclinus fehlmanni

abstract: Paraclinus fehlmanni is a species of labrisomid blenny only known from the Pacific coast of Ecuador where it is found in tide pools down to depths of 2 metres (6.6 ft). Males of this species can reach a length of 4 centimetres (1.6 in) SL while females can grow to 8.4 centimetres (3.3 in). The specific name honours the ichthyologist and herpetologist Herman Adair Fehlmann (1917-2005) who worked at the Smithsonian Oceanographic Sorting Center and who, among collecting many other specimens, collected the type of this species.

text:
# Paraclinus fehlmanni

***Paraclinus fehlmanni*** is a species of labrisomid blenny only known from the Pacific coast of Ecuador where it is found in tide pools down to depths of 2 metres (6.6 ft). Males of this species can reach a length of 4 centimetres (1.6 in) SL while females can grow to 8.4 centimetres (3.3 in). The specific name honours the ichthyologist and herpetologist Herman Adair Fehlmann (1917-2005) who worked at the Smithsonian Oceanographic Sorting Center and who, among collecting many other specimens, collected the type of this species.

## InfoBox

| *Paraclinus fehlmanni* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Blenniiformes |
| Family: | Labrisomidae |
| Genus: | *Paraclinus* |
| Species: | ***P. fehlmanni*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Paraclinus fehlmanni***
V. G. Springer & Trist, 1969 | |
|


title: Meris Šehović

abstract: Meris Šehović is a Luxembourgish politician and political scientist. Since 9 July 2020, he has been co-chairman of the Green Party with Djuna Bernard. From 2017 to 2020, he was spokesman of déi jonk gréng, the political youth movement of the Green Party. Šehović was the lead candidate of the Green Party for the 2019 European Parliament election, together with Tilly Metz.

text:
# Meris Šehović

**Meris Šehović** (born 14 September 1991 in Belgrade) is a Luxembourgish politician and political scientist. Since 9 July 2020, he has been co-chairman of the Green Party (*déi gréng*) with Djuna Bernard. From 2017 to 2020, he was spokesman of *déi jonk gréng*, the political youth movement of the Green Party. Šehović was the lead candidate of the Green Party for the 2019 European Parliament election, together with Tilly Metz.

## Early life, education, personal life

Shortly after Šehović's birth, his family decided to leave war-torn Yugoslavia and flee to Luxembourg. Šehović completed his secondary education at the Lycée Classique d'Echternach. After graduating from high school, he began studying political science as a major and law as a minor at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich in the winter semester of 2011. He spent the winter semester of 2013 as an Erasmus student at the Institut d'études politiques ("Sciences Po") in Paris.

In his youth, Šehović was volunteering in centres for refugees run by Caritas. Since 2020, he has been a member of the Reflection Team of the Luxembourg Center against Radicalization. As a recognition for his national and European commitment, he was included in the Europe Future Leaders cohort 2020 by the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office.

## Political career

### Beginnings in youth politics

In 2011, Šehović became a member of déi gréng. When the SREL scandal came to light in Luxembourg in 2012–2013, Šehović followed the political debates and Parliament's inquiry committee and commented the process in his own political blog. In the same time, he became member of déi jonk gréng, where he campaigned for reform of the secret service law and snap elections. From 2013 to 2017, he was a member of the board of déi jonk gréng. In 2017, he ran for spokesperson and held this mandate until February 2020.

### European politics

In 2013, at the age of 22, Šehović became Head of Office and spokesperson for Claude Turmes, Member of the European Parliament. As a policy advisor, he supported legislative work on several EU directives and regulations in the areas of environmental, climate, industrial and trade policy (e.g. the EU Circular Economy Package, Right2Water, CO2 emission standards for new passenger cars) and assisted the MEP's work in the European Parliament's Committee of Inquiry to investigate the VW diesel scandal.

In 2017, Šehović supported Claude Turmes' work on a book about the European energy transition.

After Claude Turmes moved into national politics, Šehović entered the 2019 European elections as the lead candidate of déi gréng, together with Tilly Metz. Finishing seventh, he narrowly missed entering the European Parliament.

### Chair of the Green Party

After Christian Kmiotek announced his resignation from the position of party chair, Šehović was elected by the Green Party's Congress on 9 July 2020 to succeed him as party leader. At the party congress on 20 March 2021, he was re-elected for another three years at the party leadership, together with Djuna Bernard.


title: Friedman Amplification

abstract: Friedman Amplification is an American company that produces guitar amplifiers, electric guitars, and related accessories. Founded in 2008 by Dave Friedman, the company has become a popular boutique amp maker.

text:
# Friedman Amplification

**Friedman Amplification** is an American company that produces guitar amplifiers, electric guitars, and related accessories. Founded in 2008 by Dave Friedman, the company has become a popular boutique amp maker.

## History

At the age of 18, Dave Friedman moved from his native Detroit, Michigan, to Los Angeles, where he worked at a store renting high-end instruments to studio musicians. While there, a customer brought in a Soldano SLO 100 modified by Bruce Egnater of Egnater Amplification; an impressed Friedman contacted Egnater about creating a new preamp, which became popular with local studio musicians, and Egnater became Friedman's mentor. By 1993, Friedman had briefly worked for Budda Amplification while on his own he modified amps on request—often by modifying Marshalls with technology he developed at Egnater—and then began creating custom builds. In the process, Friedman gained fans in guitarists like Eddie Van Halen, Steve Stevens, and George Pajon. One custom build, for Billy Howerdel of A Perfect Circle, became the prototype for a line of amps released as Naked Amplifiers. The line proved popular, leading Friedman to start his own company in 2008. Initially named Marsha Amps, he changed it to Friedman Amplification after receiving a cease-and-desist from Marshall. The company quickly found success, as Friedman's time building rigs in Los Angeles helped him establish connections with prominent guitarists like Jerry Cantrell of Alice in Chains, who began using his gear.

In 2014, Friedman signed a deal with Boutique Amps Distribution to build and distribute Friedman's products, with Dave Friedman himself continuing to sign off on all completed amplifiers.

## Products

Of his design philosophy, Friedman stated, "Guitar players generally don’t want to hear completely new sounds. They want to hear tones based on a set of sounds from the past but with some variation, like more gain or some other added features." The company's core tone has been described as "supercharged vintage Marshall-inspired."

The company's flagship amp is the BE-100, which was designed as a clone of a 1968 Marshall "Plexi" Super Lead circuit with a "variac," a tone inspired by high-gain 1980s sound of Van Halen. The Dirty Shirley/Twin Sister is the company's take on the tone of 1960s and '70s British classic rock. Friedman produces smaller wattage versions of each amp—the Pink Taco and Little Sister, respectively. In 2021, Friedman released the BE-Mini, a solid state, low-wattage amp based on the BE-100.

## InfoBox

Friedman Amplification
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Guitar amplification |
| Founded | Los Angeles, California, United States |
| Founder | Dave Friedman |
| Headquarters | Los Angeles, California, United States |
| Products | Guitar amplifiers, speaker cabinets, electric guitars, effects pedals |
| Website | friedmanamplification.com |


title: Personal Emergency Link

abstract: The Personal Emergency Link was established by Senior Citizen Home Safe Association to launch a 24-hour personal emergency link to help the needy in Hong Kong.

text:
# Personal Emergency Link

**The Personal Emergency Link** (PE Link) was established by Senior Citizen Home Safe Association to launch a 24-hour personal emergency link to help the needy in Hong Kong.

## Background

During an unexpected cold spell in 1996, more than a hundred unattended elderly who lived alone died. In response, the Association were dedicated to render emergency relief and total care service to all elderly and chronic invalids by setting up the PE Link.


title: Oreshari

abstract: Oreshari is a village in Krumovgrad Municipality, Kardzhali Province, southern Bulgaria.

text:
# Oreshari

**Oreshari** is a village in Krumovgrad Municipality, Kardzhali Province, southern Bulgaria.

## InfoBox

| Oreshari Орешари | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Oreshari | |
| Coordinates: 41°36′00″N 25°45′00″E / 41.6000°N 25.7500°E / 41.6000; 25.7500 | |
| Country | Bulgaria |
| Province | Kardzhali Province |
| Municipality | Krumovgrad |
| Elevation | 330 m (1,080 ft) |
| Population | |
| Total | 5 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


title: Origné

abstract: Origné is a commune in the Mayenne department in northwestern France.

text:
# Origné

**Origné** (French pronunciation: \[ɔʁiɲe\]) is a commune in the Mayenne department in northwestern France.

## InfoBox

| Origné | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The Mayenne river in Origné | |
|  | |
| Location of Origné | |
| OrignéOrigné | |
| Coordinates: 47°57′12″N 0°43′43″W / 47.9533°N 0.7286°W / 47.9533; -0.7286 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Pays de la Loire |
| Department | Mayenne |
| Arrondissement | Château-Gontier |
| Canton | Château-Gontier-sur-Mayenne-1 |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Christophe Lemarié |
| Area**1** | 10.05 km2 (3.88 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 398 |
| Density | 40/km2 (100/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 53172 /53360 |
| Elevation | 32–108 m (105–354 ft)
(avg. 100 m or 330 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Orthophyia

abstract: Orthophyia longa is a prehistoric proteid salamander from the Miocene of Germany. The only known specimen is now lost.

text:
# Orthophyia

***Orthophyia longa*** is a prehistoric proteid salamander from the Miocene of Germany. The only known specimen is now lost.

## InfoBox

| *Orthophyia*
Temporal range: Miocene | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Urodela |
| Family: | Proteidae |
| Genus: | *Orthophyia*
von Meyer, 1845 |
| Species: | ***O. longa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Orthophyia longa***
von Meyer, 1845 | |
|


title: Orlova mogila

abstract: Orlova mogila is a village in the municipality of Dobrichka, in Dobrich Province, in northeastern Bulgaria.

text:
# Orlova mogila

**Orlova mogila** is a village in the municipality of Dobrichka, in Dobrich Province, in northeastern Bulgaria.

## InfoBox

| Orlova mogila | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Orlova mogila | |
| Coordinates: 43°33′N 27°36′E / 43.550°N 27.600°E / 43.550; 27.600 | |
| Country | Bulgaria |
| Province | Dobrich Province |
| Municipality | Dobrichka |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


title: Ornithogalum viridiflorum

abstract: Ornithogalum viridiflorum, syn. Galtonia viridiflora, the green flowered Galtonia, is a species of bulbous flowering plant from South Africa and Lesotho, grown as an ornamental plant in gardens. It is often sold under its older name Galtonia viridiflora.

text:
# Ornithogalum viridiflorum

***Ornithogalum viridiflorum***, syn. ***Galtonia viridiflora***, the **green flowered Galtonia**, is a species of bulbous flowering plant from South Africa and Lesotho, grown as an ornamental plant in gardens. It is often sold under its older name *Galtonia viridiflora*.

## Description

Perennial bulbous geophyte, with strap-shaped leaves and erect stems up to 1 m in height. The inflorescence consists of a cone-shaped terminal raceme. The flowers, which appear in late summer, are pendant, bell-shaped and yellow to green (hence the name *viridiflorum*).

## Cultivation

Requires well-drained soil and prefers full sun. In colder climates, mulching or lifting and over wintering are necessary. The leaves and stems are shorter than *Ornithogalum candicans* with which it is sometimes confused. The latter has white flowers,

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| *Ornithogalum viridiflorum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Asparagaceae |
| Subfamily: | Scilloideae |
| Tribe: | Ornithogaleae |
| Genus: | *Ornithogalum* |
| Species: | ***O. viridiflorum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ornithogalum viridiflorum***<br>(I.Verd.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Galtonia viridiflora* I.Verd. * *Galtonia candicans 'Viridiflora'* | |


abstract: Macedonia participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 with the song "Let Me Love You" written by Rade Vrčakovski. The song was performed by Tamara, Vrčak and Adrian. The Macedonian broadcaster Macedonian Radio Television (MRT) organised Skopje Fest 2008 in order to select the Macedonian entry for the 2008 contest in Belgrade, Serbia. Fifteen entries competed in the competition on 23 February 2008 where "Vo ime na ljubovta" performed by Tamara, Vrčak and Adrian was selected following the combination of votes from a five-member jury panel and a public televote. The song was later translated from Macedonian to English for the Eurovision Song Contest and was titled "Let Me Love You". Macedonia was drawn to compete in the second semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 22 May 2008. Performing during the show in position 18, "Let Me Love You" was not announced among the 10 qualifying entries of the second semi-final and therefore did not qualify to compete in the final. This marked the first time that Macedonia failed to qualify to the final of the Eurovision Song Contest from a semi-final since the introduction of semi-finals in 2004. It was later revealed that Macedonia placed tenth out of the 19 participating countries in the semi-final with 64 points.

text:
# Macedonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008

Macedonia (officially under the provisional appellation "former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia", abbreviated "FYR Macedonia") participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 with the song "Let Me Love You" written by Rade Vrčakovski. The song was performed by Tamara, Vrčak and Adrian. The Macedonian broadcaster Macedonian Radio Television (MRT) organised *Skopje Fest 2008* in order to select the Macedonian entry for the 2008 contest in Belgrade, Serbia. Fifteen entries competed in the competition on 23 February 2008 where "Vo ime na ljubovta" performed by Tamara, Vrčak and Adrian was selected following the combination of votes from a five-member jury panel and a public televote. The song was later translated from Macedonian to English for the Eurovision Song Contest and was titled "Let Me Love You".

Macedonia was drawn to compete in the second semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 22 May 2008. Performing during the show in position 18, "Let Me Love You" was not announced among the 10 qualifying entries of the second semi-final and therefore did not qualify to compete in the final. This marked the first time that Macedonia failed to qualify to the final of the Eurovision Song Contest from a semi-final since the introduction of semi-finals in 2004. It was later revealed that Macedonia placed tenth out of the 19 participating countries in the semi-final with 64 points.

## Background

Prior to the 2008 contest, Macedonia had participated in the Eurovision Song Contest seven times since its first entry in 1998. The nation's best result in the contest to this point was twelfth, which it achieved in 2006 with the song "Ninanajna" performed by Elena Risteska. Following the introduction of semi-finals for the 2004, Macedonia had featured in every final.

The Macedonian national broadcaster, Macedonian Radio Television (MRT), broadcasts the event within Macedonia and organises the selection process for the nation's entry. Macedonia had previously selected their entry for the Eurovision Song Contest through both national finals and internal selections. MRT confirmed their intentions to participate at the 2008 Eurovision Song Contest on 28 November 2007. Since 1996, Macedonia selected their entries using a national final. For 2008, the broadcaster returned to using the music festival *Skopje Fest* as a national final to select the Macedonian entry.

## Before Eurovision

### Skopje Fest 2008

*Skopje Fest 2008* was a song contest organised by MRT that served as Macedonia's national final to select their entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2008. Fifteen entries participated in the competition which took place on 23 February 2008 at the Metropolis Arena in Skopje, hosted by Živkica Gjurčinovska and Borislav Tnokovski and was broadcast on MTV 1 and MTV Sat.

#### Competing entries

A submission period was opened for interested artists and composers to submit their songs between 30 November 2007 and 31 December 2007. MRT received 130 submissions at the closing of the deadline. Fifteen entries were selected from the open submissions, while an additional six entries were submitted by well-known composers directly invited by MRT for the competition. The twenty-one competing artists and songs were announced on 12 January 2008 during a press conference at the M-1 Studio in Skopje.

On 14 January 2008, MRT announced that all six entries written by invited composers: "Apolon" performed by Maja Vukićević, "Kubana" performed by Agon and Džoksi, "Životot e tvoj" performed by Sanja Lefkova, "Slatka mala" performed by Igor Šarevski, "Eden čekor ili dva" performed by Filip Jordanovski and "Holivud" performed by Bojan and Big Mama were withdrawn from the competition due to negative reactions from composers of the entries selected from the open submissions.

| Artist | Song | Songwriter(s) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Aneta Kačurkova | "Poraka" (Порака) | Robert Bilbilov, Aneta Kačurkova |
| Elvir Mekić | "Armija" (Армиjа) | Jovan Jovanov, Elvir Mekić |
| Goran Naumovski | "Tajna skriena" (Таjна скриена) | Saša Vučković |
| Igor Mitrović | "Jas i ti" (Jас и ти) | Vladimir Dojčinovski, Vesna Malinova |
| Jova Radevska | "Jas sum ovde" (Jас сум овде) | Jova Radevska |
| Lambe Alabakoski | "Zemjo moja" (Земjо моjа) | Darko Dimitrov, Lambe Alabakovski, Maksim Ristevski |
| Nokaut | "Samovila" (Самовила) | Nikola Perevski, Vladimir Krstevski |
| None Nedelkovska | "Vrati se" (Врати се) | Kristijan Gabroski |
| Parketi | "Strawberry" | Sašo Parket |
| Risto Samardžiev and Flash | "Dojdi do mene" (Доjди до мене) | Risto Samardžiev |
| Sašo Gigov-Giš | "Docna e" (Доцна е) | Grigor Koprov |
| Sonja Tarčulovska | "Sever i jug" (Север и jуг) | Mesrur Sait, Vesna Malinova |
| Tamara, Vrčak and Adrian | "Vo ime na ljubovta" (Во име на љубовта) | Rade Vrčakovski |
| Tuna | "Prašuvam bez glas" (Прашувам без глас) | Darko Dimitrov, Maksim Ristevski |
| Vlatko Ilievski | "So drugi zborovi" (Со други зборови) | Vlatko Ilievski |

#### Final

The final took place on 23 February 2008. Fifteen entries competed and a 50/50 combination of public televoting and a five-member jury panel selected "Vo ime na ljubovta" performed by Tamara, Vrčak and Adrian as the winner. The jury panel consisted of Kire Kostov (composer and conductor), Sanja Šuplevska-Boiral (violinist), Vesna Maljanovska (musicologist and music journalist), Anita Latifi (journalist) and Lidija Kočovska (singer). In addition to the performances of the competing entries, the competition featured guest performances by Makmodels, Silvi Bend, 2008 Belarusian Eurovision representative Ruslan Alekhno and 2006 Bosnian Eurovision representative Hari Mata Hari. The show also featured a tribute to 2004 Macedonian Eurovision representative Toše Proeski who died in 2007.

Final – 23 February 2008
| Draw | Artist | Song | Jury | Televote | | Total | Place |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | Votes | Points | | |
| 1 | Sašo Gigov-Giš | "Docna e" | 7 | 1,420 | 5 | 12 | 4 |
| 2 | Aneta Kačurkova | "Poraka" | 2 | 195 | 0 | 2 | 12 |
| 3 | Parketi | "Strawberry" | 5 | 953 | 3 | 8 | 6 |
| 4 | Risto Samardžiev and Flash | "Dojdi do mene" | 10 | 1,761 | 7 | 17 | 3 |
| 5 | Tuna | "Prašuvam bez glas" | 6 | 615 | 0 | 6 | 7 |
| 6 | Lambe Alabakoski | "Zemjo moja" | 8 | 2,401 | 10 | 18 | 2 |
| 7 | Elvir Mekić | "Armija" | 0 | 1,588 | 6 | 6 | 8 |
| 8 | Goran Naumovski | "Tajna skriena" | 0 | 150 | 0 | 0 | 14 |
| 9 | Tamara, Vrčak and Adrian | "Vo ime na ljubovta" | 12 | 3,441 | 12 | 24 | 1 |
| 10 | Vlatko Ilievski | "So drugi zborovi" | 0 | 827 | 1 | 1 | 13 |
| 11 | None Nedelkovska | "Vrati se" | 3 | 857 | 2 | 5 | 9 |
| 12 | Jova Radevska | "Jas sum ovde" | 0 | 1,026 | 4 | 4 | 10 |
| 13 | Igor Mitrović | "Jas i ti" | 0 | 121 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
| 14 | Sonja Tarčulovska | "Sever i jug" | 1 | 2,086 | 8 | 9 | 5 |
| 15 | Nokaut | "Samovila" | 4 | 222 | 0 | 4 | 11 |

### Preparation

It was revealed in late March that "Vo ime na ljubovta" would be performed in English at the Eurovision Song Contest as "Let Me Love You". Vrčak worked with Macedonian producers Valentino Skenderovski and Robert Bilbilov to create the final version of the song in the Netherlands, which was released on 7 April along with its Turkish, Albanian, Serbian and Russian versions.

### Promotion

Tamara, Vrčak and Adrian made several appearances across Europe to specifically promote "Let Me Love You" as the Macedonian Eurovision entry. On 2 March, Tamara, Vrčak and Adrian performed "Let Me Love You" during the presentation show of the 2008 Bosnian Eurovision entry, *BH Eurosong Show 2008*. The trio also performed the song during the semi-final of the Serbian Eurovision national final *Beovizija 2008* on 9 March.

## At Eurovision

It was announced in September 2007 that the competition's format would be expanded to two semi-finals in 2008. According to Eurovision rules, all nations with the exceptions of the host country and the "Big Four" (France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom) are required to qualify from one of two semi-finals in order to compete for the final; the top nine songs from each semi-final as determined by televoting progress to the final, and a tenth was determined by back-up juries. The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) split up the competing countries into six different pots based on voting patterns from previous contests, with countries with favourable voting histories put into the same pot. On 28 January 2008, a special allocation draw was held which placed each country into one of the two semi-finals. Bulgaria was placed into the second semi-final, to be held on 22 May 2008. The running order for the semi-finals was decided through another draw on 17 March 2008 and as one of the six wildcard countries, Macedonia chose to perform in position 18, following the entry from Cyprus and before the entry from Portugal.

The two semi-finals and final were broadcast in Macedonia on MTV 1 and MTV Sat with commentary by Milanka Rašić. The Macedonian spokesperson, who announced the Macedonian votes during the final, was Ognen Janeski.

### Semi-final

Tamara, Vrčak and Adrian took part in technical rehearsals on 14 and 17 May, followed by dress rehearsals on 21 and 22 May. The Macedonian performance featured Tamara, Vrčak and Adrian performing together with two dancers and a backing vocalist; Tamara wore a black dress while Vrčak and Adrian were in white outfits. The background LED screens displayed blue and white colours. The two dancers that joined Tamara, Vrčak and Adrian on stage were Aleksa Raifović and Toma Đorđević and the backing vocalist was Nade Talevska.

At the end of the show, Macedonia was not announced among the 10 qualifying entries in the second semi-final and therefore failed to qualify to compete in the final. This marked the first time that Macedonia failed to qualify to the final of the Eurovision Song Contest from a semi-final since the introduction of semi-finals in 2004. It was later revealed that Macedonia placed tenth in the semi-final, receiving a total of 64 points; and whilist it would have been enough to qualify in previous and upcoming years, in 2008 and 2009 only the top nine places qualified automatically and the tenth place was decided based on the votes of the backup juries, and this time, juries chose Sweden to qualify over Macedonia.

### Voting

Below is a breakdown of points awarded to Macedonia and awarded by Macedonia in the first semi-final and grand final of the contest. The nation awarded its 12 points to Albania in the semi-final and the final of the contest.

#### Points awarded to Macedonia

|
|  |
Points awarded to Macedonia (Semi-final 2)
| Score | Country |
| --- | --- |
| 12 points |  |
| 10 points | Bulgaria |
| 8 points | Switzerland |
| 7 points |  |
| 6 points |  |
| 5 points |  |
| 4 points | Czech Republic |
| 3 points |  |
| 2 points |  |
| 1 point |  |

#### Points awarded by Macedonia

## InfoBox

| Eurovision Song Contest 2008 | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Macedonia |
| National selection | |
| Selection process | Skopje Fest 2008 |
| Selection date(s) | 23 February 2008 |
| Selected artist(s) | Tamara, Vrčak and Adrian |
| Selected song | "Let Me Love You" |
| Selected songwriter(s) | Rade Vrčakovski |
| Finals performance | |
| Semi-final result | *Failed to qualify* (10th) |
| Macedonia in the Eurovision Song Contest | |
| ◄2007 **2008** 2009► | |


title: Ülfeciler, Sandıklı

abstract: Ülfeciler is a village in the Sandıklı District, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey. Its population is 165 (2021).

text:
# Ülfeciler, Sandıklı

**Ülfeciler** is a village in the Sandıklı District, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey. Its population is 165 (2021).

## InfoBox

| Ülfeciler | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| ÜlfecilerLocation in TurkeyÜlfecilerÜlfeciler (Turkey Aegean) | |
| Coordinates: 38°29′N 30°11′E / 38.483°N 30.183°E / 38.483; 30.183 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Afyonkarahisar |
| District | Sandıklı |
| Population (2021) | 165 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Mlindo the Vocalist

abstract: Lindokuhle Mgedeza, known professionally as Mlindo the Vocalist, is a South African singer and songwriter. He initially gained notable recognition following his debut single, "Amablesser", taken from his debut album, Emakhaya (2018).

text:
# Mlindo the Vocalist

**Lindokuhle Mgedeza** (born 7 October 1995), known professionally as **Mlindo the Vocalist**, is a South African singer and songwriter. He initially gained notable recognition following his debut single, "Amablesser", taken from his debut album, *Emakhaya* (2018).

## Life and career

### 1995–2016: Early life and beginnings

Lindokuhle Magedeza was born in the year 1995 in Port Shepstone, KwaZulu-Natal. At the age of four, he became part of a local church where he discovered his vocal skills. Mlindo attended the Phathwa High School in Gcilima, a borough of Margate.

As he considered starting a musical career, Mlindo later went to Eastern Cape where he joined a hip hop group Flow Riders in 2010. He mainly took part in vocals. In 2014, he established an a cappella group White Bread, after his departure on Flow Riders. White Bread was a success as they won several accolades, including *Search for the Stars*, held in uShaka Marine World, Durban. In 2017, he won a talent competition *Golden Search* in Richards Bay, which gave him an opportunity to work with record label Afrotainment, owned by producer DJ Tira. At this year, Mlindo the vocalist was a social media sensation as he uploaded videos covering popular songs. The notable video of him covering a stripped-down version of DJ Maphorisa song "Midnight Starring" went viral. After being discovered by DJ Maphorisa on Twitter, he signed him to his label BlaqBoy Music, then later signed with Universal Music Africa.

### 2018–2019: *Emakhaya*

On 6 February 2018, Mlindo was featured on Sun-El Musician's song "Bamthathile", becoming a successful hit in various South African radio stations, reaching atop on local charts. He then released his debut single "AmaBlesser" which featured and was produced by DJ Maphorisa. The song eventually became a hit and was certified four times platinum by RiSA on 10 May 2019. As he rose to prominence, Mlindo helped his family by concluding disadvantages they faced. He managed to hire a house for his brother, and helped his unemployed mother.

After the success of his single "AmaBlesser", Mlindo revealed his debut album cover and its release date as it was made available for pre-order on iTunes. His debut album *Emakhaya* was released on 21 September 2018. The album was certified platinum by RiSA and managed to get almost 45 million streams countrywide as of May 2019. The second single "Macala" managed to reach number-one in South Africa, following the success of his lead single. The album earned Mlindo three nominations at the 25th edition of the South African Music Awards; Best Newcomer of the Year, Best Produced Album and Best Afro Pop Album.

### 2020-present: *Umthandazo*, *Lindokuhle*

Mlindo was reportedly working on his second studio album by August 2020. In 2020, he released two singles titled "Yekela" featuring Masiano & Vusi Nova followed by "Mali" single featuring Nathi.

In late June 2022, he made announcement on his Instagram account off his second studio album.

*Lindokuhle* was released on July 22, 2022.

## Discography

Studio albums

## Awards and nominations

### KZN Entertainment Awards

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | Himself | Best Male Artist | Nominated |

### Metro FM Music Awards

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2023 | *Lindokuhle* | Best Afro Soul Pop | Nominated |  |

## InfoBox

| Mlindo the Vocalist | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Lindokuhle Mgedeza |
| Born | (1995-10-07) 7 October 1995<br>Port Shepstone, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa |
| Genres |  |
| Occupations | * Singer * songwriter |
| Instrument | Vocals |
| Years active | 2017–present |
| Labels |  |


title: Hugues de Montalembert

abstract: Hugues de Montalembert, is a French writer, painter, and documentary filmmaker, who lost his sight in a New York apartment burglary in 1978. He continued being an artist but switched from painting primarily to sculpture.

text:
# Hugues de Montalembert

**Hugues de Montalembert** (born 1943), is a French writer, painter, and documentary filmmaker, who lost his sight in a New York apartment burglary in 1978. He continued being an artist but switched from painting primarily to sculpture.

## Biography

Hugues de Montalembert was born as the third of seven children into an aristocratic officer family from Normandy. His father Pierre Marie Charles François de Montalembert (1914–2009) was a retired Colonel of the French Army, and his mother Yolande FitzGerald (1916–2011) came from Ireland. Hugues de Montalembert grew up on the family estate, which has been family-owned for 300 years. He is the older brother of actor Thibault de Montalembert.

In Paris, he studied law, but left the university without a diploma in 1968. Instead of pursuing a career in the military or banking sector as expected, he went to New York. In January 1970 he married the writer Idanna Pucci di Barsento in Florence. The couple lived in Bali for two years before separating in 1974, and divorcing in 1979. In 1976 de Montalembert returned to New York from Benin, where he worked on a TV documentary on traditional African religion. On his travels, he made documentary films, including some about the dancers Rudolf Nureyev and Margot Fonteyn, as well as about war swords in Vietnam. He also occasionally sold some of his paintings.

On 26 May 1978 he encountered two burglars at his New York apartment in Greenwich Village. After one of the perpetrators sprayed solvent into his eyes during the attack, he became completely blind. He spent three months at St. Vincent's Hospital, where a corneal transplant was made in vain, and another ten months at the Rehabilitation Center for the Blind of the New York Association for the Blind  *Lighthouse*  in Manhattan, where he underwent mobility training, life skills education, and learned Braille to restore his independence. He also learned to play piano during this time. A year and a half later, he traveled alone for the first time, first to Indonesia, then to China, the north of Greenland, and on to the Himalayas in 1984.

He published several books, of which *À perte de vue* was awarded the Prix Ève Delacroix of the Académie française in 1991. His story became the basis of the documentary film *Black Sun*, written by de Montalembert himself. In his memoirs *The meaning of life is life,* he describes the process of blindness and his efforts to regain his independence. He described several trips to Indonesia and India, and his inner perception of the world. After his blindness, he also conceived a ballet at the Grand Theatre, Warsaw.

He has been living with the Danish artist Lin Utzon, daughter of architect Jørn Utzon, since 1992. The couple live in Paris, Denmark, and Mallorca.

## Works

* 1983: *La Lumière assassinée*, ISBN 3-7263-6498-6
* 1985: *Eclipse: A Nightmare*
* 1988: *Buio*
* 1991: *À perte de vue*, Prix Ève Delacroix of the Académie française
* 2006: *Eclipse*
* 2006: *Black Sun*
* 2010: *Invisible: A Memoir*, ISBN 978-3-8321-9645-5
* 2011: *Regarder au-delà*


title: Paraclinus infrons

abstract: Paraclinus infrons, the Bald blenny, is a species of labrisomid blenny native to reefs of the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea from Florida and the Bahamas over to Belize. It is found at depths of from 12 to 45 metres. This species can reach a length of 3 centimetres (1.2 in).

text:
# Paraclinus infrons

***Paraclinus infrons***, the **Bald blenny**, is a species of labrisomid blenny native to reefs of the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea from Florida and the Bahamas over to Belize. It is found at depths of from 12 to 45 metres (39 to 148 ft). This species can reach a length of 3 centimetres (1.2 in).

## InfoBox

| *Paraclinus infrons* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Blenniiformes |
| Family: | Labrisomidae |
| Genus: | *Paraclinus* |
| Species: | ***P. infrons*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Paraclinus infrons***
J. E. Böhlke, 1960 | |
|


title: Maryland Route 712

abstract: Maryland Route 712 is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. Known as Forest Park Road, the state highway runs 1.11 miles (1.79 km) from MD 235 north to an entrance to Naval Air Station Patuxent River within Lexington Park in eastern St. Mary's County. MD 712 was constructed in the mid-1940s as a military access project.

text:
# Maryland Route 712

**Maryland Route 712** (**MD 712**) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. Known as **Forest Park Road**, the state highway runs 1.11 miles (1.79 km) from MD 235 north to an entrance to Naval Air Station Patuxent River (NAS Patuxent River) within Lexington Park in eastern St. Mary's County. MD 712 was constructed in the mid-1940s as a military access project.

## Route description

MD 712 begins at an intersection with MD 235 (Three Notch Road) on the southern edge of Lexington Park. The roadway continues on the opposite side of MD 235 as county-maintained Hermanville Road. MD 712 heads north as a two-lane undivided road through a forested area between residential subdivisions to the east and NAS Patuxent River to the west. The state highway parallels the military base's perimeter road for much of its length. Immediately after passing Pine Hill Run Road, the state highway reaches its northern terminus at an entrance to NAS Patuxent River.

## History

MD 712 was constructed as a military access project during World War II. The state highway was built as part of a 3-mile (4.8 km) project to improve MD 235 between Jarboesville (now Lexington Park) and the community of Hermanville and provide access to the South Gate of NAS Patuxent River. MD 712 was constructed in 1944 and 1945.

## Junction list

The entire route is in Lexington Park, St. Mary's County.

| mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 0.00 | 0.00 | MD 235 (Three Notch Road) / Hermanville Road west Point Lookout, Waldorf | Southern terminus |
| 1.11 | 1.79 | Entrance to Naval Air Station Patuxent River | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi<br> | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/Maryland Route 712KML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| Maryland Route 712 | |
| --- | --- |
| Forest Park Road | |
|  | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by MDSHA | |
| Length | 1.11 mi (1.79 km) |
| Existed | 1945–present |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | MD 235 in Lexington Park |
| North end | Entrance to NAS Patuxent River in Lexington Park |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Maryland |
| Counties | St. Mary's |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| MD 711   MD 713 | |


title: Mercy Akuot

abstract: Mercy Akuot Marang is a South Sudanese social activist and singer. She currently lives in Kenya.

text:
# Mercy Akuot

**Mercy Akuot Marang** is a South Sudanese social activist and singer. She currently lives in Kenya.

## Biography

She was born in South Sudan and hails from the Dinka community of South Sudan. She performed well in school and aspired to become a lawyer. Mercy escaped from her parents at the age of just 15 when her parents willfully forced her to marry her own uncle who was much older than her. She left South Sudan in 2008 and initially got asylum in Uganda. However, her 56 year old uncle tracked her location in Kampala and she revealed that she had suffered physical violence, rape and unlawful detention from him. She later moved to Kenya in 2015 after escaping from her uncle and was admitted as an immigrant in the Kakuma Refugee camp in Kenya.

## Career

Although she had the ambition of becoming a professional lawyer, she pursued her career as a social worker and women's rights activist due to the circumstances she met at her young age. She also advocates against the child marriage as she herself had the experience of surviving the forced attempt of child marriage by her own parents.

She also serves as an ambassador for the refugees at the Kakuma Refugee camp in Kenya. She also currently serving as a volunteer with Danish Refugee Council for their women empowerment programme in the camp. In June 2018, she participated alongside fellow refugees at TEDxKakuma Camp which was historically the first ever TEDx event in the world to have been held in a refugee camp. During the 2018 TEDx event, she shared her experiences of how she escaped the child marriage and then later becoming a women's rights activist.

Mercy was chosen as one of the two musical artists under the FilmAid's Finding a Star project which was done in collaboration with Kenyan R&B musician Wyre. The project was also known as Making Stars-Kakuma as the project was initiated with the support of Wyre who was interested in helping talented aspiring musicians in the Kakuma camp. It was revealed that Finding a Star project assisted Mercy to kick-start her professional musical career. She released her first official single titled *Anavyonifanya* in 2018.

In December 2020, she launched an album titled *Bado Mapema* (*It's Still Early*) alongside two other women refugees (Lisa Queen and Mlay) in the Kenyan camp. The album depicts the own harsh realities and experiences of Mercy and other women refugees.

In August 2021, she was listed as one of the seven African women activists who deserve a Wikipedia article by the Global Citizen, an international organisation and advocacy organisation.

## Discography

* *Anavyonifanya* \- 2018
* *Bado Mapema* \- 2020

## InfoBox

| Mercy Akuot | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1993<br>South Sudan |
| Nationality | South Sudanese |
| Occupation | women's rights activist |


title: Friedman Place

abstract: Friedman Place is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization for blind adults located at 5527 North Maplewood Avenue in Chicago, Illinois. A Supportive Living Facility with 81 resident apartments, Friedman Place provides specialized housing to qualifying individuals regardless of race, religion, or financial resources. The organization's mission is to provide housing and supportive services to people who are blind or visually impaired so that their lives can be healthy, dignified, and stimulating. Friedman Place offers a large variety of activities, from sailing and opera outings to an in-house weaving program Friedman Place relies on funding from state and federal sources, as well as personal donations. The organization produces The Beacon, a quarterly newsletter, as well as an annual report.

text:
# Friedman Place

**Friedman Place** is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization for blind adults located at 5527 North Maplewood Avenue in Chicago, Illinois. A Supportive Living Facility with 81 resident apartments, Friedman Place provides specialized housing to qualifying individuals regardless of race, religion, or financial resources. The organization's mission is to provide housing and supportive services to people who are blind or visually impaired so that their lives can be healthy, dignified, and stimulating.

Friedman Place offers a large variety of activities, from sailing and opera outings to an in-house weaving program

Friedman Place relies on funding from state and federal sources, as well as personal donations. The organization produces *The Beacon*, a quarterly newsletter, as well as an annual report.


title: Ülgase Nature Reserve

abstract: Ülgase Nature Reserve is a nature reserve which is located in Harju County, Estonia. The area of the nature reserve is 50 ha. The protected area was founded in 1960 to protect Ülgase cliff and oak forest. In 2006, the protected area was designated to the landscape conservation area. The cliff contains excavations created for the Ülgase phosphorite mine in 1923-1938. The caves are inhabited by bats for sheltering during the winter.

text:
# Ülgase Nature Reserve

**Ülgase Nature Reserve** is a nature reserve which is located in Harju County, Estonia.

The area of the nature reserve is 50 ha.

The protected area was founded in 1960 to protect Ülgase cliff and oak forest. In 2006, the protected area was designated to the landscape conservation area.

The cliff contains excavations created for the Ülgase phosphorite mine in 1923-1938. The caves are inhabited by bats for sheltering during the winter.

## InfoBox

| Ülgase Nature Reserve | |
| --- | --- |
| Ülgase cliff, May 2021 | |
|  | |
| Location | Estonia |
| Nearest city | Kostiranna |
| Coordinates | 59°29′10″N 25°05′30″E / 59.48611°N 25.09167°E / 59.48611; 25.09167 |
| Area | 50 ha |
| Established | 1960 (2006) |


title: Franciszek Mazur

abstract: Franciszek Andrzej Mazur, also known as Stanisław Gajsler was Polish lawyer of Ukrainian descent, a communist politician. President of the Supreme Court of the USSR (1926–1928), member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Poland (1930–1938). After 1945 he joined the Polish Workers' Party, then deputy member and member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party (1948-1956). Member of the State National Council, the Sejm of the People's Republic of Poland of the 1st term, in the years 1952-1957 deputy chairman of the State Council, deputy marshal of the Sejm of the 1st convocation.

text:
# Franciszek Mazur

**Franciszek Andrzej Mazur** (born **Lewko Horodenko**), also known as **Stanisław Gajsler** (August 1, 1895 – March 7, 1975) was Polish lawyer of Ukrainian descent, a communist politician. President of the Supreme Court of the USSR (1926–1928), member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Poland (1930–1938). After 1945 he joined the Polish Workers' Party, then deputy member and member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party (1948-1956). Member of the State National Council, the Sejm of the People's Republic of Poland of the 1st term, in the years 1952-1957 deputy chairman of the State Council, deputy marshal of the Sejm of the 1st convocation.

## Biography

The son of a farm worker. He came from a Ukrainian-speaking Catholic family. In 1915 he was mobilized for military service in the Black Sea Fleet of the Imperial Russian Navy. After the February Revolution and the overthrow of the tsar, while serving in the navy in Sevastopol in 1917, he joined the Polish Socialist Party \- Left and collaborated with the Bolsheviks. After the October Revolution he took part in the Russian Civil War, in June 1919 he joined the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), as a soldier of the Red Army he took part in the Polish–Soviet war in Ukraine.

After graduating from law studies, he held positions in the state apparatus of the USSR. From March 1923 to the end of 1925 he was the chairman of the Governor's Court of the Kiev Governorate, then from November 1925 a judge of the Supreme Court of the USSR, and from April 1926 to August 1928 the President of the Supreme Court of the USSR in Kharkov. Then, in the years 1928–1930, he was the head of the department of higher and vocational schools in the People's Commissariat of Education of the Ukrainian SSR (1928-1930), and finally the first secretary of the Regional Committee of the WKP(b) Shepetówka-Berdyczów (1930).

In 1930, by the decision of the Comintern, he was sent to underground party work in Poland. He was included in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Poland (1930–1938), and at the same time he was the head of the Secretariat of the Communist Party of Western Ukraine. At the same time, from June 15, 1930, to January 18, 1934, he was formally a deputy member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine. Arrested by the State Police, he was sentenced to six years in prison, of which he served approximately five. He served his sentence in prisons in Lviv, Rawicz, Wronki and Koronowo, then emigrated to Czechoslovakia and France. After the outbreak of World War II, he moved to the USSR.

In June 1940 he was arrested by the NKVD, imprisoned in Lubyanka and tortured. On March 15, 1941, he was sentenced to five years in a labor camp for anti-Soviet propaganda \- in conversations in the prison commune in Koronowo in 1937, he was supposed to negate the counter-revolutionary nature of Trotskyism and support the Trotskyists during his activities in the 1920s in Ukraine. He was released from the concentration camp in 1945 at the personal intervention of Bolesław Bierut.

### Communist Poland

In mid-1945 he came to Poland, a member of the Polish Workers' Party, a member of the Central Committee and the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Polish Workers' Party; in 1948 he became a deputy member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Polish Workers' Party and a member of the Organizational Bureau of the Central Committee of the Polish Workers' Party. He was also permanently associated with the Polish Workers' Party as the head of the Organizational Department of the Central Committee of the Polish Workers' Party in the years 1946–1948.

From December 1948, a member of the Polish United Workers' Party; promoted to full member of the Politburo; until 1956). In the years 1950-1954 a member of the Secretariat of the Organizational Bureau of the Central Committee, in the years 1950-1956 secretary of the Central Committee. Considered an influential figure among the Natolin faction during factional fights in the leadership of the Polish United Workers' Party in the 1950s. In the years 1959–1964, he was a member of the Central Audit Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party.

In 1946–1956, he was a member of the National Council of Poland, the Legislative Sejm and the Sejm of the People's Republic of Poland of the first term; in 1948 (from October to December) chairman of the Polish Workers' Party Club of Deputies. In the Sejm of the first term, he was Deputy Speaker of the Sejm and in the years 1952–1957 Deputy Chairman of the Council of State, the body that replaced the presidency. In the years 1957–1965, the ambassador of the People's Republic of Poland in Czechoslovakia. He retired in 1965.

He was buried on March 11, 1975, with honors in the Aleja Zasłużonych at the Powązki Military Cemetery in Warsaw. The funeral was attended by representatives of the leadership of the Polish United Workers' Party, including Stanisław Kania, deputy member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party, Zygmunt Stępień, head of the Personnel Department of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party, Henryk Żebrowski, first deputy head of the Foreign Department of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party. Arkadiusz Łaszewicz, chairman of the Central Audit Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party, spoke on behalf of the party authorities.

## InfoBox

| Franciszek Mazur | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Vice chairman of the Polish State Council | |
| **In office**
20 November 1952  20 February 1957 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Lewko Horodenko
1 August 1895
Wowokiwci, Congress Poland
(today Ukraine) |
| Died | 7 March 1975(1975-03-07) (aged 79)
Warsaw, Poland |
| Resting place | Powązki Military Cemetery |
| Political party | Polish United Workers' Party |
|  | |


title: Osaka Municipal Subway 20 series

abstract: Osaka Municipal Subway 20 series The Osaka Municipal Subway 20 series (大阪市交通局20系) was a rapid transit electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by Osaka Municipal Subway in Japan between 1984 and 2024.

text:
# Osaka Municipal Subway 20 series

The **Osaka Municipal Subway 20 series** (大阪市交通局20系) was a rapid transit electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by Osaka Municipal Subway (now Osaka Metro) in Japan between 1984 and 2024.

## Design

The trains have aluminium bodies. The 20 series was the first train type powered by a third rail to use variable-frequency drive (VVVF) technology from new. They were also the first trains on the Chuo and Tanimachi lines to include air-conditioning from new.

## History

The first set, 2601, was built on 25 March 1984, entering revenue service on the Chuo Line on 24 December of the same year. Four additional sets were built in 1985 to complement the opening of the Chuo Line extension to Nagata. In 1989, eleven more sets were built of which nine of them were allocated to the Tanimachi Line.

From 2004, in preparation for the opening of the Keihanna Line extension to Gakken Nara-Tomigaoka in 2006, all 20 series sets were retrofitted with IGBT-based traction control systems and the maximum speed of all trains was increased from 70 km/h (43 mph) to 95 km/h (59 mph). In addition, all Tanimachi Line sets were transferred to the Chuo Line in March 2006 in exchange for nine 24 series sets which were redeployed on the Tanimachi Line.

### Withdrawal

Retirement of the 20 series fleet began in 2014 with the first set being removed from service on 21 August. It was replaced by a 24 series set that was transferred from the Yotsubashi Line. With the introduction of new 30000A series and 400 series EMUs, withdrawals of 20 series sets continued in August 2022. The last run took place on 20 March 2024.

## InfoBox

| Osaka Municipal Subway 20 series | |
| --- | --- |
| A 20 series trainset on the Kintetsu Keihanna Line in December 2023 | |
| In service | 1984–March 2024 |
| Manufacturer | Hitachi, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Kinki Sharyo, Tokyu Car Corporation |
| Constructed | 1984–1989 |
| Entered service | 24 December 1984 |
| Number built | 96 vehicles (16 sets) |
| Number in service | None |
| Formation | 6 cars per trainset |
| Fleet numbers | 2601–2607, 2631–2639 |
| Operators | Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau (1984–2018)
Osaka Metro (2018–2024) |
| Depots | Morinomiya |
| Lines served |  |
| Specifications | |
| Car body construction | Aluminium alloy |
| Doors | 4 pairs per side |
| Maximum speed | 95 km/h (59 mph) |
| Traction system | GTOVVVF (as built)
IGBT–VVVF (after refurbishment) |
| Electric system(s) | 750 V DC |
| Current collector(s) | Third rail contact shoes |
| Safety system(s) | WS-ATC |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) |


title: Magdalen Gate railway station

abstract:
Magdalen Gate railway station was located on the line between Middle Drove and Watlington. It served the parish of Wiggenhall St Mary Magdalen, and closed in 1866.
Nothing remains of the station.

text:
# Magdalen Gate railway station

**Magdalen Gate railway station** was located on the line between Middle Drove and Watlington. It served the parish of Wiggenhall St Mary Magdalen, and closed in 1866. Nothing remains of the station.

| Preceding station |  | Disused railways |  | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Middle Drove |  | British Rail
Eastern Region
Wisbech Line |  | Watlington |

52°40′06″N 0°21′09″E / 52.6683°N 0.3525°E / 52.6683; 0.3525

## InfoBox

| Magdalen Gate | |
| --- | --- |
| General information | |
| Location | Wiggenhall St Mary Magdalen, King's Lynn and West Norfolk
England |
| Other information | |
| Status | Disused |
| History | |
| Original company | East Anglian Railway |
| Pre-grouping | Great Eastern Railway |
| Key dates | |
| 1 Mar 1848 | Opened |
| 1 Aug 1866 | Closed |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Why Do Birds Sing?

abstract: Why Do Birds Sing? is the fifth studio album by Violent Femmes, released on April 30, 1991. It was the band's last album with original drummer Victor DeLorenzo, who left two years later to devote his time to acting, and was produced by Michael Beinhorn, best-known then for his work with Red Hot Chili Peppers on Mother's Milk and The Uplift Mofo Party Plan. The album featured the single "American Music," which rose to number 2 on Billboard's Modern Rock chart during the week of May 18, 1991, and became a staple of the band's live shows.

text:
# Why Do Birds Sing?

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *New Noise Magazine* |  |
| *Pitchfork* | 7.9/10 |

***Why Do Birds Sing?*** is the fifth studio album by Violent Femmes, released on April 30, 1991. It was the band's last album with original drummer Victor DeLorenzo, who left two years later to devote his time to acting, and was produced by Michael Beinhorn, best-known then for his work with Red Hot Chili Peppers on *Mother's Milk* and *The Uplift Mofo Party Plan*.

The album featured the single "American Music," which rose to number 2 on *Billboard*'s Modern Rock chart during the week of May 18, 1991, and became a staple of the band's live shows.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Gordon Gano, except where noted

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "American Music" |  | 3:49 |
| 2. | "Out the Window" |  | 2:52 |
| 3. | "Look Like That" |  | 2:45 |
| 4. | "Do You Really Want to Hurt Me?" | George O'Dowd, Mikey Craig, Roy Hay, Jon Moss, Gano | 4:50 |
| 5. | "Hey Nonny Nonny" | Shepard Tonie, Gano | 4:34 |
| 6. | "Used to Be" |  | 3:38 |
| 7. | "Girl Trouble" |  | 2:57 |
| 8. | "He Likes Me" |  | 3:07 |
| 9. | "Life is a Scream" |  | 1:54 |
| 10. | "Flamingo Baby" |  | 2:37 |
| 11. | "Lack of Knowledge" |  | 1:54 |
| 12. | "More Money Tonight" |  | 3:58 |
| 13. | "I'm Free" |  | 3:25 |

## Personnel

### Violent Femmes

### Additional musicians

### Production

* Violent Femmes – Producer
* Eric "ET" Thorngren – Engineer, mixing
* David Vartanian – Mixing
* Susan Rogers – Engineer
* Tom Fritze – Assistant engineer
* Lori Fumar – Assistant engineer
* Mike Kloster – Assistant engineer
* Howie Weinberg – Mastering
* Mary Jones – Photography

## Charts

Chart performance for *Why Do Birds Sing?*
| Chart (1991) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 26 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 67 |
| New Zealand Albums (RMNZ) | 31 |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 141 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Australia (ARIA) | Gold | 35,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| Why Do Birds Sing? | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Violent Femmes | |
| Released | April 30, 1991 (1991-04-30) |
| Recorded | 1990 |
| Genre | Folk rock |
| Length | 42:20 |
| Label | Reprise |
| Producer | Violent Femmes, Michael Beinhorn |
| Violent Femmes chronology | |
| *Debacle: The First Decade*
(1990) ***Why Do Birds Sing?***
(1991) *Add It Up (1981-1993)*
(1993) | |


title: Pan Asia Symphony Orchestra

abstract: Pan Asia Symphony Orchestra is a Hong Kong–based classical music orchestra. The Orchestra has performed frequently in the Hong Kong City Hall, regional town halls and civic centres a few hundred times over the past 34 years. A number of internationally famous conductors and soloists have been invited to perform with it. Yip Wai-hong was the music director and music educator. He served Hong Kong Baptist University as the Head of Music and Fine Arts Department for almost 30 years. He founded the Pan Asia Symphony Orchestra, as well as three children's musical ensembles, with the aim to nourish young talents in Hong Kong. Jimmy Chiang, the Principal Guest Conductor, is a Hong Kong-born conductor and pianist. He received the Fellowship Diploma of Trinity College in London at the age of 16. Other Orchestras he has worked with include the Hong Kong Sinfonietta; in 2010 Chiang made his debut at the Komische Oper Berlin. Yap Man-shan is the piano soloist, was a student in the Bachelor of Music (Hons) Degree programme at the Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts studying with Gabriel Kwok. After graduating in 200, she continued to pursue postgraduate studies at the Eastman School of Music and gained her Doctor of Musical Arts degree in 2006. Her major was in piano performance and literature under the tutelage of Nelita True, and she also studied chamber music and accompaniment with Jean Barr. She has performed with various orchestras including the Rochester Philharmonic and the Texas Fort Worth Chamber Orchestra. She has performed in Tokyo, New York City, Guangzhou, and Macau. Her many awards include the Hong Kong Jockey Club Music and Dance Fund and the Asian Cultural Council Lady Fung Memorial Music Fellowship. Yap is currently on the piano faculty of the Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts and a guest instructor at the School of Continuing and Professional Studies, Chinese University of Hong Kong.

text:
# Pan Asia Symphony Orchestra

**Pan Asia Symphony Orchestra** is a Hong Kong–based classical music orchestra. The Orchestra has performed frequently in the Hong Kong City Hall, regional town halls and civic centres a few hundred times over the past 34 years. A number of internationally famous conductors and soloists have been invited to perform with it.

Yip Wai-hong was the music director and music educator. He served Hong Kong Baptist University as the Head of Music and Fine Arts Department for almost 30 years. He founded the Pan Asia Symphony Orchestra, as well as three children's musical ensembles, with the aim to nourish young talents in Hong Kong.

Jimmy Chiang, the Principal Guest Conductor, is a Hong Kong-born conductor and pianist. He received the Fellowship Diploma of Trinity College in London at the age of 16. Other Orchestras he has worked with include the Hong Kong Sinfonietta; in 2010 Chiang made his debut at the Komische Oper Berlin.

Yap Man-shan is the piano soloist, was a student in the Bachelor of Music (Hons) Degree programme at the Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts studying with Gabriel Kwok. After graduating in 200, she continued to pursue postgraduate studies at the Eastman School of Music and gained her Doctor of Musical Arts degree in 2006. Her major was in piano performance and literature under the tutelage of Nelita True, and she also studied chamber music and accompaniment with Jean Barr. She has performed with various orchestras including the Rochester Philharmonic and the Texas Fort Worth Chamber Orchestra. She has performed in Tokyo, New York City, Guangzhou, and Macau. Her many awards include the Hong Kong Jockey Club Music and Dance Fund and the Asian Cultural Council Lady Fung Memorial Music Fellowship. Yap is currently on the piano faculty of the Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts and a guest instructor at the School of Continuing and Professional Studies, Chinese University of Hong Kong.


title: Vernon Township, Trumbull County, Ohio

abstract: Vernon Township is one of the twenty-four townships of Trumbull County, Ohio, United States. The 2020 census found 1,337 people in the township.

text:
# Vernon Township, Trumbull County, Ohio

**Vernon Township** is one of the twenty-four townships of Trumbull County, Ohio, United States. The 2020 census found 1,337 people in the township.

## Geography

Located in the northeastern part of the county, it borders the following townships:

No municipalities are located in Vernon Township, although the unincorporated community of Burghill lies in the southern part of the township.

## Name and history

Vernon Township was established in 1806, taking its name from Vernon, Connecticut. Statewide, other Vernon Townships are located in Clinton and Crawford counties.

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.

## InfoBox

| Vernon Township, Trumbull County, Ohio | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Township hall at Vernon Center | |
| Location of Vernon Township in Trumbull County | |
| Coordinates: 41°23′14″N 80°34′6″W / 41.38722°N 80.56833°W / 41.38722; -80.56833 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Ohio |
| County | Trumbull |
| Area | |
| Total | 26.3 sq mi (68.1 km2) |
| Land | 23.6 sq mi (61.2 km2) |
| Water | 2.7 sq mi (6.9 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,014 ft (309 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 1,337 |
| Density | 56.7/sq mi (21.8/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 44428 |
| Area code(s) | 234/330 |
| FIPS code | 39-79856 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1087044 |


title: Mesgrigny

abstract: Mesgrigny is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France. It is a small village located in the canton of Creney-près-Troyes and the arrondissement of Nogent-sur-Seine. The nearest towns are Romilly-sur-Seine and Troyes.

text:
# Mesgrigny

**Mesgrigny** (French pronunciation: \[megʁiɲi\]) is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France. It is a small village located in the canton of Creney-près-Troyes and the arrondissement of Nogent-sur-Seine. The nearest towns are Romilly-sur-Seine (12 km to the west) and Troyes (25 km to the southeast).

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 165 |  |
| 1968 | 184 | +11.5% |
| 1975 | 132 | −28.3% |
| 1982 | 188 | +42.4% |
| 1990 | 225 | +19.7% |
| 1999 | 214 | −4.9% |
| 2008 | 233 | +8.9% |
| 2013 | 302 | +29.6% |
| 2017 | 292 | −3.3% |

## InfoBox

| Mesgrigny | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Location of Mesgrigny | |
| MesgrignyMesgrigny | |
| Coordinates: 48°29′15″N 3°53′00″E / 48.4875°N 3.8833°E / 48.4875; 3.8833 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Grand Est |
| Department | Aube |
| Arrondissement | Nogent-sur-Seine |
| Canton | Creney-près-Troyes |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Ludovic Bouniol |
| Area**1** | 7.27 km2 (2.81 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 265 |
| Density | 36/km2 (94/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 10234 /10170 |
| Elevation | 90 m (300 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Maggie Moone

abstract: Maggie Moone, born Sandra Lippitt, is a British singer, best remembered for her role on the UK version of Name That Tune. Sandra Lippitt was born in Aston, Birmingham, to a fireman father. In 1978, Moone released "I'll Put You Together Again", which peaked at number 98 in Australia. In 1980 she participated in A Song For Europe, aiming to become the United Kingdom's entry to that year's Eurovision Song Contest to be staged in The Hague, The Netherlands. Her song "Happy Everything", was defeated by Prima Donna singing "Love Enough For Two", who won the UK heat. The voting sequence had ended in a tie, with the 14 regional juries having awarded both songs the same score. In an unrehearsed panic, host Terry Wogan called back each of the juries to cast one deciding vote for either song. Some juries simply gave their casting vote to the song that had received their higher mark. Others opted for a show of hands. In some cases, the juries contradicted the marks they had given earlier. In addition, the scoreboard was unable to keep up with this sudden death voting. In the final count, Moone lost by 8 juries to 6 and, as such, she failed to go to The Hague. A detailed check of the votes after the show confirmed that this was the correct result, despite all the on-screen confusion. Her first husband was Colin Davies; she married secondly, in 2004, Sir William Edward Doran Gibbons, 9th Baronet.

text:
# Maggie Moone

**Maggie Moone**, born **Sandra Lippitt**, is a British singer, best remembered for her role on the UK version of *Name That Tune*.

Sandra Lippitt was born in Aston, Birmingham, to a fireman father. In 1978, Moone released "I'll Put You Together Again", which peaked at number 98 in Australia.

In 1980 she participated in *A Song For Europe*, aiming to become the United Kingdom's entry to that year's Eurovision Song Contest to be staged in The Hague, The Netherlands. Her song "Happy Everything", was defeated by Prima Donna singing "Love Enough For Two", who won the UK heat. The voting sequence had ended in a tie, with the 14 regional juries having awarded both songs the same score. In an unrehearsed panic, host Terry Wogan called back each of the juries to cast one deciding vote for either song. Some juries simply gave their casting vote to the song that had received their higher mark. Others opted for a show of hands. In some cases, the juries contradicted the marks they had given earlier. In addition, the scoreboard was unable to keep up with this sudden death voting. In the final count, Moone lost by 8 juries to 6 and, as such, she failed to go to The Hague. A detailed check of the votes after the show confirmed that this was the correct result, despite all the on-screen confusion.

Her first husband was Colin Davies; she married secondly, in 2004, Sir William Edward Doran Gibbons, 9th Baronet.

## InfoBox

| Maggie Moone | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Sandra Lippitt<br>Birmingham, England |
| Website | http://www.maggiemoone.com/ |


title: Ľubomír Feldek

abstract: Ľubomír Feldek is a Slovak poet, writer, playwright, and translator. He is married to Oľga Feldeková. Feldek is the author of several books of poetry, the novel Van Stiphout, and several plays including Teta na zjedenie or Jánošík podľa Vivaldiho. He translates works of modern world poets as well as classical plays. He has also written a couple of books for children, most notably the Modrá kniha rozprávok and Zelená kniha rozprávok illustrated by Albín Brunovský. According to the Index Translationum statistics, he is among the top ten most translated authors writing in Slovak. In January 1989 he protested against the arrest of Václav Havel and signed a political manifesto A Couple of Sentences. During the Velvet Revolution he closely cooperated with the movement Public Against Violence, which transformed itself into a political party later on.

text:
# Ľubomír Feldek

**Ľubomír Feldek** (\* 9 October 1936, Žilina, Czechoslovakia) is a Slovak poet, writer, playwright, and translator. He is married to Oľga Feldeková.

Feldek is the author of several books of poetry (*Kriedový kruh*, *Paracelsus*, and *Milovanie pred usnutím*), the novel *Van Stiphout*, and several plays including *Teta na zjedenie* or *Jánošík podľa Vivaldiho*. He translates works of modern world poets (Alexander Blok, Vladimir Mayakovsky, or Guillaume Apollinaire) as well as classical plays (such as those by Sophocles and William Shakespeare). He has also written a couple of books for children, most notably the *Modrá kniha rozprávok* and *Zelená kniha rozprávok* illustrated by Albín Brunovský. According to the Index Translationum statistics, he is among the top ten most translated authors writing in Slovak.

In January 1989 he protested against the arrest of Václav Havel and signed a political manifesto *A Couple of Sentences*. During the Velvet Revolution he closely cooperated with the movement Public Against Violence, which transformed itself into a political party later on.

## Feldek vs. Slobodník and Feldek vs. Slovakia

In 1992, Feldek publicly noted that *"Dušan Slobodník became Minister of Culture and his fascist past immediately came to light"*, referencing to his involvement in an SS training course as a teenager (at the age of 17) in Sekule at the time of the First Slovak Republic. The statement was published shortly after the appointment of a new Government, following the 1992 parliamentary elections, in which Slobodník became a minister. Feldek has also written the poem *Dobrú noc, má milá*, containing the verse *"esesák sa objal s eštébákom"* (*an SS man gave a hug to an STB agent*), referencing to the disputed past of both Dušan Slobodník and Prime Minister Vladimír Mečiar. Slobodník sued him for defamation, and after losing at the Municipal Court in Bratislava, a senate consisting of three Supreme Court members voted in his favor. Feldek was obliged to apologize and pay 250,000 SKK. Although the senate of appeal of the Supreme Court abolished the financial penalty, Feldek's defendant Ernest Valko brought the case to the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg. In 2001, in the Feldek vs. Slovakia case, the court ruled that freedom of speech was breached. Feldek was awarded damages amounting to 500,000 SKK.

Feldek and his family moved to Prague in 1995, but he himself moved back to Bratislava several years later.

*the page includes information from Slovakia wikipedia article Ľubomír Feldek*


title: Peter Cramer

abstract: Peter Cramer was a Danish painter who specialized in theatrical scenery and decorative work.

text:
# Peter Cramer

**Peter Cramer** (24 August 1726 in Copenhagen – 17 July 1782 in Copenhagen) was a Danish painter who specialized in theatrical scenery and decorative work.

## Biography

He was apparently self-taught. In the 1740s, he did some drawings for early versions of the *Voyage d'Egypte et de Nubie* by Frederic Louis Norden on behalf of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters. On that basis, in 1754, he was recommended to the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts for a travel scholarship that would enable him to become "an accomplished history painter". The Academy insisted on following procedure, however, and he was required to compete for a gold medal in 1756. He failed to come in first and his travel plans were not realized.

He began doing set decorations in the mid 1750s, when he created scenes for a friend, Niels Krog Bredal, a composer who had recently written two operas. They had become acquainted because Cramer had a good singing voice and sometimes performed at parties. By 1762, he was established as a scene painter, a profession he would practice until his death. After 1773, he was making 500 rigsdalers annually, mostly due to support he received from the Academy against the foreign painter, Carlo Galli da Bibiena, a member of the Galli da Bibiena family of artists.

In addition to his theater work, he did genre scenes reminiscent of David Teniers and Adriaen Brouwer and was one of first to take inspiration from the Danish peasantry. He could also be playful with his work. A sister of Caspar Frederik Harsdorff owned a painting of two fisherwomen he had done entirely with his fingers.

In 1777, he became an "agré" (a type of candidate for membership) at the Academy. The following year, he sent them two works that had been successfully exhibited, became a member, and had his portrait painted by Vigilius Eriksen. This honor was short-lived, however. He had become addicted to alcohol and died of its effects in 1782, aged fifty-six. Many of his works were later engraved by Jonas Haas and Johan Frederik Clemens. Some sources say that he never married; others that he was married in 1769 in Asminderød to Anna Margrete Larsdatter and had a son the following year.

## Works

## Further reading

* Aasted, Elsebeth (1994). *Peter Cramers Billedverden: En Vandring I 1700-tallets Teater- og Folkeliv Udstillingskatalog* (in Danish). Nivaagaards Malerisamling. ISBN 9788790054014.

## InfoBox

| Peter Cramer | |
| --- | --- |
| *Self-portrait*, date unknown | |
| Born | (1726-08-24)August 24, 1726
Copenhagen, Denmark |
| Died | July 17, 1782(1782-07-17) (aged 55)
Copenhagen, Denmark |
| Resting place | St. Peter's Church, Copenhagen |


title: Osaka Municipal Subway 66 series

abstract: Osaka Municipal Subway/Osaka Metro 66 series The Osaka Municipal Subway/Osaka Metro 66 series (大阪市交通局・大阪メトロ66系) is a rapid transit electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by Osaka Municipal Subway in Japan since 1990.

text:
# Osaka Municipal Subway 66 series

The **Osaka Municipal Subway/Osaka Metro 66 series** (大阪市交通局・大阪メトロ66系) is a rapid transit electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by Osaka Municipal Subway in Japan since 1990.

## Overview

Seventeen eight-car sets were built to replace the older 60 series sets on the Sakaisuji Line.

The first 12 sets (96 cars) were built in 1990 while an expansion of 40 cars (5 sets) were introduced between 2002 and 2004.

## Formations

The Sakaisuji Line fleet consists of 17 eight-car trainsets formed as follows, with car 1 at the Tenchagaya end.

|  | ← Tengachaya Tenjimbashisuji 6-chōme → | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Car No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| Designation | Tec1 | Ma1 | Mb1 | Tp' | T' | Mb2 | Ma2 | Tec2 |
| Numbering | 666xx | 660xx | 661xx | 667xx | 668xx | 663xx | 662xx | 669xx |

* The "Ma1" and "Ma2" cars are each fitted with two scissors-type pantographs.

## Interior

Passenger accommodation consists of longitudinal seating throughout.

## History

The trains started to undergo refurbishment in 2012. Set 66605 was the first train to be refurbished. It returned to service in February 2013. Works included a new paint scheme, various installations of LED displays and lights, and the installation of a front skirt.

## InfoBox

| Osaka Municipal Subway/Osaka Metro 66 series | |
| --- | --- |
| 66611 on a service to Tenchagaya | |
| In service | 1990–present |
| Manufacturer | Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Kinki Sharyo |
| Replaced | 60 series |
| Constructed | 1990–2003 |
| Entered service | 1 August 1990 |
| Refurbished | 2012– |
| Number built | 136 vehicles (17 sets) |
| Number in service | 136 vehicles (17 sets) |
| Formation | 8 cars per trainset |
| Fleet numbers | 66601–66617 |
| Operators | Osaka Municipal Subway (1990–2018)
Osaka Metro (2018–) |
| Lines served |  |
| Specifications | |
| Car body construction | Stainless steel |
| Car length | 18,900 mm (62 ft 0 in) |
| Width | 2,845 mm (9 ft 4.0 in) |
| Height | 4,080 mm (13 ft 5 in) |
| Doors | 3 pairs per side |
| Maximum speed | 70 km/h (43 mph) (Sakaisuji Line)
110 km/h (68 mph) (Hankyu Lines) |
| Traction system | Variable-frequency |
| Traction motors | Squirrel-cage three-phase induction motor |
| Power output | 180 kW (241 hp) |
| Acceleration | 2.8 km/(h⋅s) (1.7 mph/s) |
| Deceleration | 3.5 km/(h⋅s) (2.2 mph/s) (service)
4.0 km/(h⋅s) (2.5 mph/s) (emergency) |
| Electric system(s) | 1,500 V DC overhead wire |
| Current collector(s) | Pantograph |
| Bogies | SS-120 / SS-020 |
| Braking system(s) | Electric commanding brake with regenerative brake |
| Safety system(s) | WS-ATC, Hankyu ATS |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) |


title: Samuel von Brukenthal

abstract: Samuel Freiherr von Brukenthal was the Habsburg governor of the Grand Principality of Transylvania between 6 July 1774 and 9 January 1787. He was a personal advisor of Empress Maria Theresa. His home, a large palace in Sibiu, is home to the Brukenthal National Museum, formed around the collections he gathered, and expanded from a public exhibit first opened in 1817.

text:
# Samuel von Brukenthal

**Samuel Freiherr von Brukenthal** (German pronunciation: \[ˈzaːmueːl fɔn ˈbʁʊkn̩taːl\] ; 26 July 1721 in Leschkirch – 9 April 1803 in Sibiu) was the Habsburg governor of the Grand Principality of Transylvania between 6 July 1774 and 9 January 1787. He was a personal advisor of Empress Maria Theresa.

His home, a large palace in Sibiu, is home to the Brukenthal National Museum, formed around the collections he gathered, and expanded from a public exhibit first opened in 1817.

## Life

Samuel von Brukenthal was born on 26 July 1721 in Leschkirch (Nocrich), between Hermannstadt (Sibiu) and Agnetheln (Agnita). His grandfather and father had been royal judges. The family's original name was Brekner. Samuel von Brukenthal's father, Michael Brekner, was ennobled in 1724, receiving the noble name von Brukenthal. His mother, Susanna, was part of the aristocratic family of Conrad von Heydendorff.

## Brukenthal Palace of Sibiu

Brukenthal started the construction of his town palace in Hermannstadt (Sibiu) a year after being elected Governor of Transylvania (1777). The major difficulty in the construction of the "new house" consisted in the obligation to keep to the two demolished lots, adjacent to the Jesuit church and seminary. Unlike palaces surrounded by parks, the edifices built in the interior of the medieval towns are strictly limited to the existence of the initial lots. The palace built by Samuel von Brukenthal has a rectangular foundation, enclosing an inner courtyard. The access to the palace and to the courtyard is made through a portal situated in the axis of the narrow side, towards the front of the street.

The Brukenthal Palace represents one of the Baroque treasures of Central Europe. The construction of this imposing edifice had no other purpose, from the very beginning, than the creation of a propitious background for the conservation of an art collection and of antiquities having an inestimable value.

## Legacy

The palace is not the only public building of Sibiu named after him, there is also a school which is situated near the palace, right across from the Protestant Cathedral of Sibiu. The Samuel von Brukenthal Gymnasium is the oldest German school in Romania. The school was mentioned the first time in 1380. The present building was erected in the 18th century. The Samuel von Brukenthal Gymnasium is a school with instruction in the language of the German minority. The school is still one of the best schools in the country. The language of instruction is still German; Romanian is taught as the country's official language. After the turn of the twentieth century and the exodus of the Transylvanian Saxons, the majority of students are Romanians.


title: Paracosmus rubicundus

abstract: Paracosmus rubicundus is a species of bee flies in the family Bombyliidae.

text:
# Paracosmus rubicundus

***Paracosmus rubicundus*** is a species of bee flies in the family Bombyliidae.

## InfoBox

| *Paracosmus rubicundus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Bombyliidae |
| Genus: | *Paracosmus* |
| Species: | ***P. rubicundus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Paracosmus rubicundus***<br>Melander, 1950 | |
|


title: Vic Richardson (Australian soldier)

abstract: Thomas William Victor Richardson was an Australian soldier in World War I whose diaries were published in 1980. Born in Stepney, Adelaide in 1891 he was schooled at Payneham and enlisted in 1915. He fought in France and served in many famous battles including the Somme, Bullecourt and Passchendaele. He was wounded in August 1918. His diaries came to light after his death and were edited and published by A.D. Bell in 1980.

text:
# Vic Richardson (Australian soldier)

**Thomas William Victor Richardson** (1891  1968) was an Australian soldier in World War I whose diaries were published in 1980.

Born in Stepney, Adelaide in 1891 he was schooled at Payneham and enlisted in 1915. He fought in France and served in many famous battles including the Somme, Bullecourt and Passchendaele. He was wounded in August 1918.

His diaries came to light after his death and were edited and published by A.D. Bell in 1980.

## Bibliography

*An ANZACs War Diary - the Story of Sergeant Richardson*, A.D. Bell, Rigby, Adelaide, 1980 ISBN 0-7270-1437-4


title: Metepeira minima

abstract: Metepeira minima is a species of orb weaver in the spider family Araneidae. It is found in a range from the United States to Honduras.

text:
# Metepeira minima

***Metepeira minima*** is a species of orb weaver in the spider family Araneidae. It is found in a range from the United States to Honduras.

## InfoBox

| *Metepeira minima* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Araneidae |
| Genus: | *Metepeira* |
| Species: | ***M. minima*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Metepeira minima***<br>Gertsch, 1936 | |
|


title: French Cycling Federation

abstract: The Fédération Française de Cyclisme (FFC) or French Cycling Federation is the national governing body of cycle racing in France. The FFC is a member of the UCI and the UEC. In February 2009, David Lappartient was elected for a four-year term as president.

text:
# French Cycling Federation

The **Fédération Française de Cyclisme** (*FFC*) or **French Cycling Federation** is the national governing body of cycle racing in France.

The FFC is a member of the UCI and the UEC. In February 2009, David Lappartient was elected for a four-year term as president.

## History

The *Union Vélocipédique Française* (UVF) was the predecessor of the FFC. It was founded on 6 February 1881 in Paris at the *Café Le Marengo* by delegates of ten cycling clubs, who on the same day decided to create a national championship race of 10 km. The first president was Parisian Paul Devilliers, and from the start the UVF admitted professional riders.

The UVF was reformed on 20 December 1940, becoming the FFC.

## Organisation

The executive board is composed of a president, six vice-presidents, a general secretary, and a general treasurer.

### Executive board

* President : David Lapartient
* General secretary : Patrick Roy
* General treasurer : Pierre Pouyet

## InfoBox

French Cycling Federation
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Sport | Cycling |
| Jurisdiction | France |
| Abbreviation | FFC |
| Founded | 1881 (1881) |
| Affiliation | UCI |
| Regional affiliation | UEC |
| Headquarters | Montigny-le-Bretonneux |
| President | Michel Callot |
| Official website | |
| www.ffc.fr | |
|  | |


title: USS Brunswick (PF-68)

abstract: The second USS Brunswick (PF-68) was a United States Navy Tacoma-class frigate in commission from 1944 to 1946.

text:
# USS Brunswick (PF-68)

The second **USS *Brunswick* (PF-68)** was a United States Navy *Tacoma*-class frigate in commission from 1944 to 1946.

## Construction and commissioning

*Brunswick* originally was authorized as a patrol gunboat with the hull number PG-176, but she was redesignated as a patrol frigate with the hull number PF-68 on 15 April 1943. She was laid down under a Maritime Commission contract as Maritime Commission Hull 1492 on 16 July 1943 by the Leathem D. Smith Shipbuilding Company at Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin. She was launched on 6 November 1943, sponsored by Mrs. K. G. Berrie, and placed in reduced commission on 20 May 1944 for a trip to Galveston, Texas. After arriving at Galveston, *Brunswick* was decommissioned there on 27 May 1944. She then was fitted out at the Todd Galveston Drydocks, Inc. and was placed in full commission on 3 October 1944, with a United States Coast Guard crew.

## Service history

### World War II, 19441945

*Brunswick* departed Galveston on 15 October 1944 on her way to shakedown training in the West Indies. She arrived in the vicinity of Bermuda and underwent her shakedown evolutions between 24 October 1944 and 22 November 1944.

*Brunswick* embarked upon the first of her three round-trip convoy escort missions to North Africa on 11 December 1944. Steaming from Hampton Roads, Virginia, she arrived in Oran, Algeria, with Convoy UGS-63 on 28 December 1944. On 2 January 1945, she stood out of Oran in the screen of Convoy GUS-63. Soon after the convoy passed through the Strait of Gibraltar, one of its ships, the merchant ship SS *Henry Miller*, suffered a torpedo hit from the German submarine *U-870*. *Brunswick* conducted a depth-charge attack, but *U-870* escaped. *Brunswick* escorted the damaged *Henry Miller* into Gibraltar and then rejoined the convoy screen. She and the rest of the convoy arrived safely in Hampton Roads on 20 January 1945.

Between early February and early June 1945, *Brunswick* escorted merchant ships on two more round-trip voyages from Hampton Roads to Oran and back. She returned to the Norfolk, Virginia, area from the last of those voyages on 6 June 1945.

### Postwar

From Norfolk, *Brunswick* moved north to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where the Philadelphia Navy Yard converted her for duty as a weather ship. She embarked upon her first weather patrol early in July 1945 and concluded her final one on 12 November 1945. Thereafter, *Brunswick* served in the U.S. Coast Guard temporarily.

Returned to the Navy at Norfolk early in April 1946, *Brunswick* was decommissioned there on 3 May 1946. Her name was struck from the Navy List on 19 June 1946, and she was sold on 9 April 1947 to the Sun Shipbuilding and Drydock Company of Chester, Pennsylvania, for scrapping.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | *Brunswick* |
| Namesake | City of Brunswick, Georgia |
| Builder | Leathem D. Smith Shipbuilding Company, Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, and Todd Galveston Drydocks, Inc., Galveston, Texas |
| Laid down | 16 July 1943 |
| Launched | 6 November 1943 |
| Sponsored by | Mrs. K. G. Berrie |
| Commissioned | 20 May 1944 (reduced) |
| Decommissioned | 27 May 1944 |
| Recommissioned | 3 October 1944 |
| Decommissioned | 3 May 1946 |
| Reclassified | From patrol gunboat, PG-176, to patrol frigate, PF-68, 15 April 1943 |
| Stricken | 19 June 1946 |
| Fate | Sold for scrapping 9 April 1947 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *Tacoma*-class frigate |
| Displacement | 1,264 long tons (1,284 t) |
| Length | 303 ft 11 in (92.63 m) |
| Beam | 37 ft 11 in (11.56 m) |
| Draft | 13 ft 8 in (4.17 m) |
| Propulsion | * 2 × 5,500 shp (4,101 kW) turbines * 3 boilers * 2 shafts |
| Speed | 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) |
| Complement | 190 |
| Armament |  |


title: Ľubomír Gorelčík

abstract: Ľubomír Gorelčík is a Slovak football forward who currently plays for the Fortuna Liga club MŠK Žilina.

text:
# Ľubomír Gorelčík

**Ľubomír Gorelčík** (born 13 March 1997) is a Slovak football forward who currently plays for the Fortuna Liga club MŠK Žilina.

## MŠK Žilina

He made his debut for the MŠK Žilina senior side on 30 November 2014 in the Fortuna Liga match against FC DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda, coming on as a '90 minute substitute for Matej Jelić, in the 3-1 home win for the Žilina side.

## InfoBox

Ľubomír Gorelčík
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Ľubomír Gorelčík | | |
| Date of birth | (1997-03-13) 13 March 1997 | | |
| Place of birth | Slovakia | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Žilina | | |
| Number | 28 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Žilina | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2014– | Žilina | 1 | (0) |
| 2016–2017 | Fomat Martin (loan) | 16 | (3) |
| International career | | | |
| 2013– | Slovakia U17 | 3 | (2) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 30 November 2014<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 26 September 2013 | | | |


title: Peter Crampton (politician)

abstract: Peter Crampton was a British Labour Party politician who was the Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1989 to 1999 representing the Humberside constituency. He was also the father of Times journalist Robert Crampton.

text:
# Peter Crampton (politician)

**Peter Crampton** (10 June 1932 – 12 July 2011) was a British Labour Party politician who was the Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1989 to 1999 representing the Humberside constituency. He was also the father of *Times* journalist Robert Crampton.

## Biography

He was born in Blackpool in 1932 and educated at Blackpool Grammar School and Nottingham University. He was a teacher and lecturer of geography. He married a geography teacher from London in 1955. They had two sons, born in 1962 and 1964. After a spell in Solihull, in 1970 the family moved to Hull so he could take up a post at Hull College of Higher Education (now merged into the University of Lincoln). In Hull he was active in Labour politics.

He retired from teaching in 1988 and was briefly a parliamentary researcher for MP Joan Ruddock. He was MEP for the Humberside constituency from 1989 until he stood down at the 1999 election.

In 1995 he was one of 32 MEPs who placed an advertisement in *The Guardian* opposing the plans of then Labour leader Tony Blair to re-write Clause 4 of the Labour constitution.

He played an active part the Stop the War Coalition. He was also involved in a campaign against the Trident nuclear deterrent.

## Personal life

He lived in Hull with his wife. He had two sons, David Crampton (born 1962), and Robert Crampton (born 1964). His brother, E. P. T. Crampton, is an author on religious subjects.


title: Orthogonius aemulus

abstract: Orthogonius aemulus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Orthogoniinae. It was described by Peringuey in 1896.

text:
# Orthogonius aemulus

***Orthogonius aemulus*** is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Orthogoniinae. It was described by Peringuey in 1896.

## InfoBox

| *Orthogonius aemulus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Orthogonius* |
| Species: | ***O. aemulus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Orthogonius aemulus***<br>Peringuey, 1896 | |
|