title: Queenstown Trail

abstract:
The Queenstown Trail is a cycle and walking trail funded as one of the projects of the New Zealand Cycle Trail (NZCT) system in Otago, New Zealand. It links the towns of Queenstown, Arrowtown, the suburb of Jack's Point and the area of Gibbston. It is at least 110 km in length but is not linear and instead follows the terrain often near rivers and lakes to link key places in a series of tracks that also access public land. In some places it also passes through private land such as working farms and users are encouraged to stay on the trail.
The trail is a joint venture between the Government, Queenstown Lakes District Council and the Queenstown Trails Trust.

text:
# Queenstown Trail

The **Queenstown Trail** is a cycle and walking trail funded as one of the projects of the New Zealand Cycle Trail (NZCT) system in Otago, New Zealand. It links the towns of Queenstown, Arrowtown, the suburb of Jack's Point and the area of Gibbston. It is at least 110 km in length but is not linear and instead follows the terrain often near rivers and lakes to link key places in a series of tracks that also access public land. In some places it also passes through private land such as working farms and users are encouraged to stay on the trail. The trail is a joint venture between the Government, Queenstown Lakes District Council and the Queenstown Trails Trust.

## Routes

Popular routes are listed below and can be started and finished in either direction:

### Frankton Track & Kelvin Peninsula Trail

Links the locations of Queenstown and Kelvin Peninsula. This track surrounds the Frankton Arm section of Lake Wakatipu. Initially the track starts close to the Queenstown Gardens and then runs parallel to Frankton Road near the lake edge and then passes through Frankton before going over the Kawarau Falls Bridge near State Highway 6. The track ends at the Kelvin Heights suburb on the Peninsula, but can be continued on if desired.

### Jack's Point Trail

Connects the area of Kelvin Heights part of the Kelvin Peninsula to Jack's Point. Starts near the Queenstown Golf Club on the Kelvin Heights Peninsula  Views are wide open across Lake Wakatipu towards mountains such as Cecil Peak and Lake Wakatipu.

### Countryside Trail

Links the locations of Queenstown and Arrowtown via Frankton. Passes over the old Lower Shotover Bridge which is above the Shotover River.

### Lake Hayes Trail

This is a route that encircles Lake Hayes. There are various points it can be started from including the Lake Hayes Pavilion next to State Highway 6 and the Picnic area at the north of the lake accessed via Arrowtown Road and also Rutherford Road (off Speargrass Flat Road). Was originally called the Lake Hayes Loop then the Lake Hayes Circuit but currently referred to as the **Lake Hayes Trail**. This track connects to the nearby Lake Hayes Estate residential sub-division.

### Twin Rivers Trail

A route that links Frankton with the Lake Hayes area but also joins onto the Arrow River Bridges Ride. Passes both the Kawarau and Shotover Rivers and hence the name. Also goes past the suburb of Lake Hayes Estate and there is a track that can take you to the Lake Hayes Loop. Originally called the Twin River Ride it was changed to Twin Rivers Trail to reflect the diverse mix of users.

### Arrow River Bridges Trail

This route connects Arrowtown to Gibbston. For much of its length follows the Arrow River. It can end at Chard Farm or can be linked onto the Gibbston River Trail. This trail contains many of the bridges that can be passed over on the Queenstown Trail as well as The Barfoot Tunnel. Originally called the Arrow River Bridges Ride it was changed to the Arrow River Bridges Trail to reflect the diverse mix of users.

### Gibbston River Trail

A route that passes along the Kawarau River around many vineyards in the Gibbston Valley. Carparks are available at each end of the track. There are also several loops in the track allowing for a varied or shorter route. This track was managed by Department of Conservation track until its upgrade in 2014 making it bike friendly and becoming officially part of the Queenstown Trail.

## History

Originally the name for the network of trails in the region was the Wakatipu Trails before being renamed The Queenstown Trail. Signage on the trail simply calls it Queenstown Trail. The Wakatipu Trails Trust was set up in 2002 after a meeting between Duncan Field of QLDC and Chris Eden the DOC Wakatipu Area Manager at the time to assess the interest in created a network of recreational trails. In 2004 the Wakatipu Trails strategy was developed which helped to guide the development of the trails. The main routes of the Queenstown Trail now link up with many smaller tracks not part of the official trail many of which existed before its 2012 opening.

## Opening

The trail was opened on 18 October 2012 although many parts of the trail had already been constructed and were in regular use by the public before this date. It was officially opened by the Prime Minister John Key and cyclist Sarah Ulmer near Arrowtown. It had taken 3 years and more than 100 contractors costing $5.4 million (NZD) to build.

## Hazards

Several places of the trail have drop offs sometimes near rivers, occasionally bad weather can cause slips to occur which can temporarily close parts of the track. Although nearly the entire track is off-road a small number of sections cross either roads or driveways. There is also the potential for collisions between different users since they are travelling at different speeds and directions and there are quite a few blind corners.

## Structures

As part of the Queenstown Trail there are three existing bridges (built before the trail was conceived) and six new structures (two wooden bridges, two suspension bridges, an underbridge and a tunnel). The bridges and tunnel built specifically for the *Queenstown Trail* were named after families that made significant donations towards the project.

### Pre-existing structures

* Lower Shotover Bridge: This is a restored historic bridge that used to be used for traffic but is now used by cyclists and pedestrians.
* Kawarau Falls Bridge: Originally this old bridge had space for pedestrians on one side and an alternating one way section for traffic. In 2018 a traffic bridge was built nearby and the Kawarau Falls Bridge became a pedestrian only bridge.

### Structures built for the Trail

In order to transverse sections of the trail that crossed rivers or roads these structures were built for trail users and funded by supporters:

* The Edgar Bridge: This is an 80 metre suspension bridge over the Arrow Gorge and named after Sir Eion and Lady Edgar.
* The Barfoot Tunnel: The Barfoot Tunnel, under State Highway 6, was made possible by a donation from Garth and Judy Barfoot, of Auckland.
* The Knights Family Bridge: Named after the family that made a donation for the under bridge that goes beneath State Highway 6.
* The Southern Discoveries Bridge: A second suspension bridge that goes over the Arrow River near to where the opening ceremony was held.
* The Swain Bridge: The Swain Bridge is to be found on the Arrowtown Millennium Trail. Named after Ken Swain a Queenstown Trails Trust trustee.
* Billie’s Bridge: This is a mini bridge that runs over Hayes Creek (the outflow of Lake Hayes which flows into the Kawarau River) and is named after a member of the Sargood family.

45°02′10″S 168°40′27″E / 45.036023°S 168.674146°E / -45.036023; 168.674146

## InfoBox

| Queenstown Trail | |
| --- | --- |
| Start of the Queenstown end of the track | |
| Length | 110 km (68 mi) |
| Location | Queenstown, New Zealand |
| Trailheads | Queenstown / Arrowtown / Gibbston / Jack's Point |
| Use | Walking
Running
Cycling |
| Highest point | 425  near Arrowtown |
| Lowest point | 300 m at Frankton Arm beach |
| Difficulty | Easy / Intermediate / Advanced (depending on track) |
| Season | Year round |
| Hazards | Cliffs / Vehicles |


title: Renier of St Laurent

abstract: Renier of St Laurent was a twelfth-century Benedictine monk of St Laurent Abbey, Liège. He is known as a writer of theological and exegetical works, controversial and historical works, and numerous biographical and hagiographical works. Works by him are in Patrologia Latina and Monumenta Germaniae Historica. The Triumphale Bulonicum is a chronicle and commemorates the siege of Bouillon Castle by Albero, prince-bishop of Liège, 17 August to 22 September 1141. It is based on eye-witness accounts.

text:
# Renier of St Laurent

**Renier of St Laurent** (died 1188) was a twelfth-century Benedictine monk of St Laurent Abbey, Liège. He is known as a writer of theological and exegetical works, controversial and historical works, and numerous biographical and hagiographical works. Works by him are in *Patrologia Latina* and *Monumenta Germaniae Historica*.

The *Triumphale Bulonicum* is a chronicle and commemorates the siege of Bouillon Castle by Albero, prince-bishop of Liège, 17 August to 22 September 1141. It is based on eye-witness accounts.

* Hubert Silvestre, *Notes sur la "Vita Evracli" de Renier de Saint-Laurent. Contribution à l'histoire littéraire du XIIe siècle Liégeois*, *Revue d'histoire ecclésiastique*, XLIV (1949), pp. 29–86
* Hubert Silvestre, *Renier de St.-Laurent et le déclin des écoles liégeoises au XIIe siècle*, Miscellanea Tornacensia. Mélanges d'archéologie et d'hist. Congrès de Tournai 1949 (Bruxelles 1951), pp. 112–123
* David Foote, *Taming monastic advocates and redeeming bishops: the Triumphale and episcopal vitae of Reiner of St. Lawrence*, Revue d'histoire ecclésiastique 91 (1996)
* Article "Reiner von Lüttich", col. 1165 in *Die deutsche Literatur des Mittelalters: Verfasserlexikon* (2006), by Wolfgang Stammler, Karl Langosch, Kurt Ruh


title: Mersim Beskovic

abstract: Mersim Beskovic is an American retired professional soccer player.

text:
# Mersim Beskovic

**Mersim Beskovic** (born October 16, 1978) is an American retired professional soccer player.

## Playing career

Beskovic was drafted by the Tampa Bay Mutiny in the fifth round of the 2001 MLS SuperDraft with the 55th pick.

## Statistics

| Club performance | | | League | | Cup | | League Cup | | Continental | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
|
| USA | | | League | | Open Cup | | League Cup | | North America | | Total | |
| 2001 | MetroStars (loan) | MLS | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
|
| Career total | | | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |

## InfoBox

Mersim Beskovic
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Mersim Beskovic | | |
| Date of birth | (1978-10-16) October 16, 1978 | | |
| Place of birth | Plav, SFR Yugoslavia | | |
| Height | 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| College career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1999–2000 | St. Francis Brooklyn Terriers |  |  |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2001 | Long Island Rough Riders | 15 | (0) |
| 2001 | MetroStars (loan) | 3 | (0) |
| 2005 | Westchester Flames | 2 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Mohammad Hashem Taufiqui

abstract:
Al Haj Eng Economist Mohammad Hashem Taufiqui was one of the candidates in the presidential election of 2009 in Afghanistan.
Mohammad Hashem Taufiqui was an economist who fulfilled different posts in the previous states of Afghanistan. He was an admirer of Mohammed Daoud Khan, the first president of the republic of Afghanistan. His goal was to use Khan's industrial models to develop the industry in Afghanistan. Taufiqui has also had an important role in the drawing of these models during the presidency of Mohammed Daud Khan.
Under Mohammad Hashim Taufiqui's leadership, agricultural production increased from 20 thousand tons to 160 thousand tons.

text:
# Mohammad Hashem Taufiqui

**Al Haj Eng Economist Mohammad Hashem Taufiqui** (Persian: الحاج محمد هاشم توفیقی) (June 6, 1942 – June 6, 2021, Kabul) was one of the candidates in the presidential election of 2009 in Afghanistan. Mohammad Hashem Taufiqui was an economist who fulfilled different posts in the previous states of Afghanistan. He was an admirer of Mohammed Daoud Khan, the first president of the republic of Afghanistan. His goal was to use Khan's industrial models to develop the industry in Afghanistan. Taufiqui has also had an important role in the drawing of these models during the presidency of Mohammed Daud Khan. Under Mohammad Hashim Taufiqui's leadership, agricultural production increased from 20 thousand tons to 160 thousand tons.

## Biography

Mohammad Hashem Taufiqui was the son of Mohammad Akbar Khan, son of Mohammad Ali Khan, son of Sardar Sultan Mohammad Khane Telayee and the son of Sardar Payenda Khan.

After graduating from Lese Habibya he joined the Faculty of Science in Kabul for one year. He then continued to his studies abroad in Germany and the United Kingdom for 11 years. There he learned mechanical engineering, industrial chemistry, management and political economy.

Taufiq was a candidate in the 2009 Afghan presidential elections. Preliminary results place him 19th in a field of 38.

## Administrative and ministerial works

* General Head of Nasaji Dawlati, Nasaji Bagrami, Nasaji Balkh
* General Head of Sanaye (Industry)
* Assistant of Ministry of Mine and Industry

## Achievements

* Activating the great loom factory of Gulbahaar
* Launching the loom of Bagrami
* Launching the Carpentery of Kunarhaa
* Reactivating the woolweaving of Polecharkhi
* Reactivating the Chinisaazi Shaaker
* Reactivating they bicycle production company
* Reactivating the glass production company
* Launching the loom and cement of Herat
* Launching the loom and woolweaving of Kandahaar

## Activities during Taliban

* Launching and reactivating of different looms in Kandahaar, Balkh and Pole khomri.

## Writings

* Economic development of Afghanistan (Dari: enkeshafe eqtesaadi Afghanistan)
* A brief look at the industrial development of Afghanistan (Dari: yak negahe mokhtasar ba enkeshafe sanati Afghanistan)

## Goals

* Providing individual and national liberty and freedom for all the people of Afghanistan
* Providing 24/7 electricity
* Providing drinkwater for all the people of Afghanistan
* Providing water for agricultural regions
* Providing work and residence for all Afghans
* Focusing on using the plans of Mohammed Daoud Khan.

## InfoBox

| Mohammad Hashim Tawfiqi | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1942-06-06)June 6, 1942
Kabul Afghanistan |
| Died | June 6, 2021
Kabul Afghanistan |
| Occupation | Economist |
| Known for | Presidential candidate |


title: Metropolitan Borough of Paddington

abstract: Paddington was a civil parish and metropolitan borough in London, England. It was an ancient parish in the county of Middlesex, governed by an administrative vestry. The parish was included in the area of responsibility of the Metropolitan Board of Works in 1855 and became part of the County of London in 1889. The parish of Paddington became a metropolitan borough in 1900, following the London Government Act 1899, with the parish vestry replaced by a borough council. In 1965 the borough was abolished and its former area became part of the City of Westminster in Greater London.

text:
# Metropolitan Borough of Paddington

**Paddington** was a civil parish and metropolitan borough in London, England. It was an ancient parish in the county of Middlesex, governed by an administrative vestry. The parish was included in the area of responsibility of the Metropolitan Board of Works in 1855 and became part of the County of London in 1889. The parish of Paddington became a metropolitan borough in 1900, following the London Government Act 1899, with the parish vestry replaced by a borough council. In 1965 the borough was abolished and its former area became part of the City of Westminster in Greater London.

## History

Its area covered that part of the current City of Westminster west of Edgware Road and Maida Vale, and north of Bayswater Road. Places in the borough included Paddington, Westbourne Green, Bayswater, Maida Hill, Queens Park, Kensal Green, West Kilburn, Maida Vale. To the south it bordered the Metropolitan Borough of Westminster, to the east, the Metropolitan Borough of St Marylebone.

The borough was abolished on 1 April 1965 by the London Government Act 1963 and its former area merged with that of the Metropolitan Borough of Westminster and the Metropolitan Borough of St Marylebone to form the present-day City of Westminster.

## Borough council

### Coat of arms

The borough council's coat of arms, granted by the College of Arms on 5 April 1902, was based on the former Paddington vestry seal. The seal featured crossed swords from the arms of the See of London passing through a mural crown, symbol of local government. To these were added the wolves' heads and blue background from the arms of the first Mayor of the Borough, Sir John Aird. Sir John, who was member of parliament for Paddington North, also donated the mayoral badge and chain.

The arms were blazoned as follows:

> *Azure, two Swords in Saltire proper pommels and hilts Or enfiled with a Mural Crown of the last. Two Wolves heads erased in Chief Argent*.

### Town hall

Paddington Town Hall, designed by James Lockyer in the Classical style, dated from 1853. The building, originally the Vestry Hall, was situated on Paddington Green. It was enlarged in 1900 and 1920. Following its closure in 1965, it was demolished to make way for the Westway urban motorway.

## Population and area

The area of Paddington Metropolitan Borough was 1,357 acres (5.5 km2), once part of Kensal New Town was added after 1901. The population recorded in the Census was:

**Paddington Vestry 1801–1899**

| Year | 1801 | 1811 | 1821 | 1831 | 1841 | 1851 | 1861 | 1871 | 1881 | 1891 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Population | 1,881 | 4,609 | 6,476 | 14,540 | 25,173 | 46,305 | 75,784 | 96,813 | 107,058 | 117,846 |

**Metropolitan Borough 1900–1961**

| Year | 1901 | 1911 | 1921 | 1931 | 1941 | 1951 | 1961 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Population | 143,976 | 142,551 | 144,261 | 144,923 |  | 125,463 | 116,923 |

*Note that the population statistics up to 1891 exclude the area of Kensal Town transferred from Chelsea in 1900.*

## Politics

### Borough council

Under the Metropolis Management Act 1855 any parish that exceeded 2,000 ratepayers was to be divided into wards; as such the incorporated vestry of Paddington was divided into four wards (electing vestrymen): No. 1 (12), No. 2 (18), No. 3 (18) and No. 4 (24).

In 1894 as its population had increased the incorporated vestry was re-divided into six wards (electing vestrymen): Harrow Road (12), Maida Vale (9), Church (12), Westbourne (12), Lancaster Gate (15) and Hyde Park (12).

The metropolitan borough was divided into eight wards for elections: Church, Harrow Road, Hyde Park, Lancaster Gate East, Lancaster Gate West, Maida Vale, Queen's Park and Westbourne.

### Parliament constituency

For elections to Parliament, the borough was divided into two and a half constituencies:

In 1918 the borough's representation was reduced to two seats:

## Further reading

51°31′N 0°11′W / 51.52°N 0.19°W / 51.52; -0.19

## InfoBox

| Paddington | |
| --- | --- |
| Paddington Town Hall | |
|
Paddington within the County of London | |
| Area |  |
| 1911 | 1,356 acres (5.49 km2) |
| 1931 | 1,357 acres (5.49 km2) |
| 1961 | 1,355 acres (5.48 km2) |
|  | |
| Population |  |
| 1911 | 142,551 |
| 1931 | 144,923 |
| 1961 | 116,923 |
|  | |
| Density |  |
| 1911 | 105 inhabitants per acre (260/ha) |
| 1931 | 107 inhabitants per acre (260/ha) |
| 1961 | 86 inhabitants per acre (210/ha) |
|  | |
| History |  |
| Origin | Ancient parish |
| Abolished | 1965 |
| Succeeded by | City of Westminster |
|  | |
| Status | Civil parish (until 1900)
Metropolitan borough (1900–1965) |
| Government | Paddington Vestry (until 1900, reformed 1855)
Paddington Borough Council (1900–1965) |
| HQ | Paddington Town Hall, Harrow Road |
|
Coat of arms of Paddington Borough Council | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Map of boundary | |


title: Paper Lions

abstract: Paper Lions is a Canadian indie rock band, formed and based in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. They have toured around Canada, and have released several albums, including 2016's Full Colour.

text:
# Paper Lions

**Paper Lions** (formerly the **Chucky Danger Band**) is a Canadian indie rock band, formed and based in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. They have toured around Canada, and have released several albums, including 2016's *Full Colour*.

## History

In Belfast, Prince Edward Island, in 2004, by singer and guitarist John MacPhee, drummer David Cyrus MacDonald, guitarist Colin Buchanan and bass guitarist Rob MacPhee formed the band Chuck Danger. The MacPhees are brothers, and Buchanan grew up next door to them. They met MacDonald in high school.

Chucky Danger's debut full-length album, *Colour*, was released in 2006. The band won the 2006 East Coast Music Award for Pop Recording of the Year for their EP *6-pack*.

They received three nominations at the 2007 East Coast Music Awards: Group Recording of the Year, Single of the Year ("Marching Machine"), and Rock Recording of the Year. Their third release, *Chucky Danger*, was released in August of that year.

They were nominated for four awards at the 2008 East Coast Music Awards.

In February, 2008, the band officially changed their name to Paper Lions. They then completed several tours including a 7-show tour with the American band, Cake, and released an album *Trophies*, which appeared on the !Earshot National Top 50 Chart in October 2010. Their song "Stay Here for a While" made them finalists in the 2010 John Lennon Songwriting Competition.

Paper Lions were featured on CBC Radio, and the video for their single "Lost the War" was nominated for a 2010 CBC Radio 3 Bucky Award.

The band performed on September 29, 2010, on *MTV Live* and their track "Lost the War" was featured in several episodes of the ABC television show, *Greek*.

In 2010 Paper Lions were selected to perform at the 2010 World Expo in China, as well as at the 2010 Olympic Winter Games in Vancouver, BC, and at the 2010 Paralympics in Whistler, BC.

Paper Lions signed in September 2010 to the MuseBox label for the official release of their album *Trophies*; they then headed out on a cross-Canada tour. When they had not received any royalties from record sales by February 2012, the band released *Trophies* independently via free digital download. Musebox later admitted an error caused by staffing changes and agreed to pay the band.

The band's 2014 album *My Friends* was named Album of the Year at the Music Prince Edward Island awards. *My Friends* was produced, engineered, and mixed by Howard Redekopp, who has also produced Tegan and Sara, The New Pornographers, and Mother Mother. The band also won several other local awards that year.

In 2016, they posted an a cappella cover of The Tragically Hip's "Bobcaygeon" to their YouTube channel. In 2016 the band released an album, *Full Colour*, and were once more nominated for four East Coast Music Awards.

## Discography

* *Two Brothers, A Major, and a Minor (2003)*
* *6-pack* EP (2004)
* *Colour* (2006)
* *Chucky Danger* (2007)
* *Trophies* (2010)
* *At Long Creek* (2012)
* *My Friends* (2013)
* *Full Colour* (2016)
* *At Long Creek II* (2018)
* *Stay Together* (2019)

## Awards

Independent Music Awards 2013: *At Long Creek-EP* \- Best Pop EP

## InfoBox

| Paper Lions | |
| --- | --- |
| Paper Lions performing at the 2011 Hillside Festival | |
| Background information | |
| Also known as | The Chucky Danger Band (2004-2008) |
| Origin | Belfast, Prince Edward Island, Canada |
| Genres | Indie rock
Pop |
| Years active | 2004–present |
| Labels | Thank You Cathy |
|  | |
| Members | John MacPhee
David Cyrus MacDonald
Colin Buchanan
Rob MacPhee |
|  | |
| Website | paperlions.com |


title: Red Ensign Group

abstract: The Red Ensign Group is a collaboration of United Kingdom shipping registries including British Overseas Territories and Crown dependencies. It takes its name from the Red Ensign flag flown by British civil merchant ships. Its stated purpose is to combine resources to maintain safety and quality across the British fleet. As of 2018 it ranked the ninth largest such group in the world, with approximately 1,300 vessels. Sir Alan Massey of the UK Maritime and Coastguard Agency commented: ".. keeping [ships] inside the REG family means that you still have some influence over their quality and performance... We can take administrative measures against members of [it] if we want to so as to ensure that safety is brought up to the necessary standards..." The vessels also receive British Consular assistance and protection. The Red Ensign Group has two categories:

text:
# Red Ensign Group

The **Red Ensign Group** is a collaboration of United Kingdom shipping registries including British Overseas Territories and Crown dependencies. It takes its name from the Red Ensign ("Red Duster") flag flown by British civil merchant ships. Its stated purpose is to combine resources to maintain safety and quality across the British fleet. As of 2018 it ranked the ninth largest such group in the world, with approximately 1,300 vessels. Sir Alan Massey of the UK Maritime and Coastguard Agency commented: ".. keeping \[ships\] inside the REG family means that you still have some influence over their quality and performance... We can take administrative measures against members of \[it\] if we want to so as to ensure that safety is brought up to the necessary standards..." The vessels also receive British Consular assistance and protection.

The Red Ensign Group has two categories:

## Category 1

(Ships of any type, length, or tonnage): United Kingdom, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Gibraltar, and the Isle of Man. Bermuda has promoted its status in Category 1 to encourage ship owners "...looking for better flags for their ships..." to register in their country.

## Category 2

(Commercial ships and yachts of up to 150 GT, pleasure craft up to 400 GT): Anguilla, Falkland Islands, Guernsey, Jersey, Montserrat, St. Helena, and the Turks and Caicos Islands.

A ship registered in any country within the Red Ensign group is entitled to fly the Red Ensign, or it can choose to fly the Red Ensign defaced with its home port national colors. As an example in 2011 the home port and registry of RMS *Queen Mary 2* was changed from Southampton, Great Britain, to Hamilton, Bermuda, a UK overseas territory. Despite the registry change she continues to fly the undefaced Red Ensign rather than the Bermuda Red Ensign.

Vessel registration can also be easily changed from one Group country to another. Once a vessel meets all of the requirements to be registered in one Group country, no other requirements are needed for a change to any other Group country. Only the application papers for the new registry are needed. For example a vessel originally registered in the United Kingdom can be easily changed to the Cayman Islands to lower an operator's tax liability while still being able to fly the Red Ensign. This practice has resulted in criticism from maritime unions who argue that the REG is being used as a Flag of convenience to avoid taxes and use cheap foreign labor.


title: Adrijana Mori

abstract: Adrijana Mori is a Slovenian footballer who plays as a forward for 1. FFC Turbine Potsdam in the Frauen-Bundesliga and has appeared for the Slovenia women's national team.

text:
# Adrijana Mori

**Adrijana Mori** (born 17 August 2000) is a Slovenian footballer who plays as a forward for 1. FFC Turbine Potsdam in the Frauen-Bundesliga and has appeared for the Slovenia women's national team.

## Career

Mori has been capped for the Slovenia national team, appearing for the team during the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup qualifying cycle.

## InfoBox

Adrijana Mori
| Adrijana Mori (light blue kit) in 2018 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Date of birth | (2000-08-17) 17 August 2000 | | |
| Place of birth | Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | 1. FFC Turbine Potsdam | | |
| Number | 28 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 0000–2013 | Slovenj Gradec | | |
| 2013–2015 | Radlje ob Dravi | | |
| 2016–2017 | Fužinar | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2016–2017 | Fužinar | 16 | (11) |
| 2017–2018 | Olimpija Ljubljana | 28 | (32) |
| 2019 | Radomlje | 2 | (2) |
| 2019–2021 | Turbine Potsdam | 3 | (1) |
| 2020–2021 | Turbine Potsdam II | 11 | (3) |
| 2021–2022 | Carl Zeiss Jena | 8 | (0) |
| 2022– | 1. FFC Turbine Potsdam | 11 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 2015–2017 | Slovenia U17 | 9 | (2) |
| 2017–2019 | Slovenia U19 | 12 | (5) |
| 2017– | Slovenia | 21 | (3) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 15 December 2020<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 23 February 2023 | | | |


title: Queen's Arms, Birmingham

abstract: The Queen's Arms is a Grade II listed public house in Birmingham, England, built c. 1870. It is noted for the tiled Art Nouveau signage on its exterior, which was remodelled in 1901 to the designs of the architect, Joseph D. Ward for its then owners, Mitchells & Butlers. The red brick building sits on the corner of Charlotte Street and Newhall Street, on the edge of the city's Jewellery Quarter. It was given Grade II listed status in April 2004. In January 2024 a major refurbishment, following a change of ownership, was announced. Scenes for the BBC serial television drama Line of Duty were filmed in the pub.

text:
# Queen's Arms, Birmingham

**The Queen's Arms** (sometimes styled "**The Queens Arms**") is a Grade II listed public house in Birmingham, England, built c.1870. It is noted for the tiled Art Nouveau signage on its exterior, which was remodelled in 1901 to the designs of the architect, Joseph D. Ward for its then owners, Mitchells & Butlers.

The red brick building sits on the corner of Charlotte Street and Newhall Street, on the edge of the city's Jewellery Quarter. It was given Grade II listed status in April 2004.

In January 2024 a major refurbishment, following a change of ownership, was announced.

Scenes for the BBC serial television drama *Line of Duty* were filmed in the pub.

## History

The public house was managed by the following tenants:

* 1911–1913 William Francis Robbins

## InfoBox

| Queen's Arms | |
| --- | --- |
| The Queen's Arms in 2007 | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Type | Public house |
| Location | Jewellery Quarter, England |
| Coordinates | 52°29′01″N 1°54′24″W / 52.4836°N 1.9066°W / 52.4836; -1.9066 |
| Completed | c.1870 |
| Awards and prizes | Grade II listed |


title: HMNZS Inchkeith

abstract: HMNZS Inchkeith was an Isles-class minesweeper of the Royal New Zealand Navy. She was one of the first ships to be commissioned into the newly created Royal New Zealand Navy. She was bought alongside three other ships for a price of £65,000 each. On 15 March 1942 Inchkeith was involved with a collision with HMS Marsdale, damaging her superstructure. During World War II, HMNZS Inchkeith worked escorting various convoys in both the Atlantic and Pacific theatres before transitioning to a primarily minesweeping role around the Hauraki Gulf and the Bay of Islands, although filling some escort duties. Due to coal shortages Inchkeith along with her sister ships were laid up in October 1945, and by February 1946 the corvettes HMNZS Arabis and HMNZS Arbutus were fitted with minesweeping gear, and the four Isles-class ships were placed in reserve. By 1957, Inchkeith was declared surplus and were sold for scrapping in August 1958, and was broken up along with her sister ships at the Lighter Basin in Freemans Bay, Auckland.

text:
# HMNZS Inchkeith

**HMNZS *Inchkeith*** was an Isles-class minesweeper of the Royal New Zealand Navy. She was one of the first ships to be commissioned into the newly created Royal New Zealand Navy. She was bought alongside three other ships for a price of £65,000 each. On 15 March 1942 *Inchkeith* was involved with a collision with HMS *Marsdale*, damaging her superstructure.

During World War II, HMNZS *Inchkeith* worked escorting various convoys in both the Atlantic and Pacific theatres before transitioning to a primarily minesweeping role around the Hauraki Gulf and the Bay of Islands, although filling some escort duties.

Due to coal shortages *Inchkeith* along with her sister ships were laid up in October 1945, and by February 1946 the corvettes HMNZS *Arabis* and HMNZS *Arbutus* were fitted with minesweeping gear, and the four Isles-class ships were placed in reserve. By 1957, *Inchkeith* was declared surplus and were sold for scrapping in August 1958, and was broken up along with her sister ships at the Lighter Basin in Freemans Bay, Auckland.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| New Zealand | |
| Name | *Inchkeith* |
| Namesake | Inchkeith, Firth of Forth |
| Builder | John Lewis & Sons Aberdeen |
| Laid down | 6 November 1940 |
| Launched | 10 July 1941 |
| Commissioned | 17 October 1941 |
| Decommissioned | 12 February 1946 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Isles-class trawler |
| Displacement | 782 tonnes full load |
| Propulsion | 1 shaft triple expansion coal fired |
| Speed | 8.5–10 knots (15.7–18.5 km/h; 9.8–11.5 mph) |
| Complement | 40 |
| Sensors and <br>processing systems | ASDIC |
| Armament | * 1 × 12 pdr single mounted gun * 3 × 20 mm single mounted gun * 2 × machineguns * 30 depth charges |


title: Metaplastes ornatus

abstract: Metaplastes ornatus is a species of bush cricket in the family Tettigoniidae. The male of this bush cricket has a subgenital plate to display sperm removal. This mating behavior has two phases. In the first one the male introduces his subgenital plate into the female's genital chamber and moves it back-and-forth to remove the sperm of previous males. In the second phase the large spermatophore is introduced into the female.

text:
# Metaplastes ornatus

***Metaplastes ornatus*** is a species of bush cricket in the family Tettigoniidae.

The male of this bush cricket has a subgenital plate to display sperm removal. This mating behavior has two phases. In the first one the male introduces his subgenital plate into the female's genital chamber and moves it back-and-forth to remove the sperm of previous males. In the second phase the large spermatophore is introduced into the female.

## InfoBox

| *Metaplastes ornatus* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Orthoptera |
| Suborder: | Ensifera |
| Family: | Tettigoniidae |
| Subfamily: | Phaneropterinae |
| Genus: | *Metaplastes* |
| Species: | ***M. ornatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Metaplastes ornatus***
(Ramme, 1931) | |
|


title: William Brydone Jack Observatory

abstract: The William Brydone Jack Observatory is a small astronomical observatory on the campus of the University of New Brunswick in Fredericton, New Brunswick. Constructed in 1851, it was the first astronomical observatory built in British North America. The observatory was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1954.

text:
# William Brydone Jack Observatory

The **William Brydone Jack Observatory** is a small astronomical observatory on the campus of the University of New Brunswick in Fredericton, New Brunswick. Constructed in 1851, it was the first astronomical observatory built in British North America. The observatory was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1954.

## Beginnings

In 1840 William Brydone Jack became professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at King's College, which later became the University of New Brunswick. In 1847 he and James Robb, the college's professor of Chemistry and Natural History, wrote to the College Council requesting money to purchase scientific equipment. An enthusiastic astronomer himself and supported by New Brunswick Lieutenant Governor Sir Edmund Walker Head, Brydone Jack persuaded the council to grant funds for the purchase of a telescope and other astronomy equipment. The 7.5 foot mahogany and brass achromatic telescope with an equatorial mount was built by the German manufacturer Merz and Son at a cost of £504.11s.9d. It was delivered to Fredericton in May 1849.

Having acquired the telescope, Brydone Jack had to obtain the council's consent to build a small observatory. He was again successful in persuading them to grant the required funds, and the building, which he designed himself, was completed in 1851 at a cost of £170.9s.7d. The small observatory building was covered with wooden clapboard siding. The telescope was housed in an octagonal tower, 14 feet across, with a rotating copper-clad roof. The rest of the building consisted of two small single-story gable roofed wings, each 12 feet square.

## Later history

In 1859 King's College became the University of New Brunswick. Brydone Jack served as the University's president from 1861 to 1885 and died in 1886. After his death the observatory ceased to be used for its original purpose, although the telescope remained in the building. In 1899 renovations were carried out and the telescope was placed on a concrete foundation. During the twentieth century the observatory building served several purposes, including an art center and a faculty club. *The Fiddlehead*, a literary magazine published at the University of New Brunswick, also used the building as its office.

The observatory was declared a National Historic Site in 1954, and a commemorative plaque was unveiled at a ceremony on 10 May 1955. The text on the original plaque read:

> *First Astronomical Observatory in Canada*

> *Built in 1851 at the instigation of William Brydone Jack, professor of mathematics, natural philosophy and astronomy; President of the University of New Brunswick, 1861-85. Schooled in the traditions of the Scottish universities, he equipped the observatory with the best instruments of the day. In collaboration with Harvard observatory he determined the longitude of Fredericton and other places in New Brunswick and corrected errors in the international boundary.*

In 1984 the building was renovated to become a museum. Brydone Jack's astronomical instruments can be seen on the ground floor, while the original 1849 telescope is housed in the building's tower.

## InfoBox

William Brydone Jack Observatory
| The observatory in November 2012 | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada |
| Coordinates | 45°56′53″N 66°38′26″W / 45.94806°N 66.64056°W / 45.94806; -66.64056 |
| Established | 1851 |
| Location of William Brydone Jack Observatory | |
| Related media on Commons | |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Metropolitan Borough of Poplar

abstract: Poplar was a local government district in the metropolitan area of London, England. It was formed as a district of the Metropolis in 1855 and became a metropolitan borough in the County of London in 1900. It comprised Poplar, Millwall, Bromley-by-Bow and Bow as well as Old Ford, Fish Island and Cubitt Town.

text:
# Metropolitan Borough of Poplar

**Poplar** was a local government district in the metropolitan area of London, England. It was formed as a district of the Metropolis in 1855 and became a metropolitan borough in the County of London in 1900. It comprised Poplar, Millwall, Bromley-by-Bow and Bow as well as Old Ford, Fish Island and Cubitt Town.

## Formation and boundaries

The borough formed part of the then London suburbs and was bordered the metropolitan boroughs of Hackney, Stepney, and Bethnal Green to the west and north, and the county borough of West Ham then in Essex to the east. To the south, the River Thames formed borders with the metropolitan boroughs of Bermondsey, Deptford and Greenwich.

It was formed from three civil parishes: St Mary Stratford-le-Bow, St Leonard Bromley and All Saints Poplar. In 1907 these three were combined into a single civil parish called Poplar Borough, which was conterminous with the metropolitan borough. In 1965 the parish and borough were abolished, with their former area becoming part of the newly formed London Borough of Tower Hamlets.

It included the districts of (from north to south):

## History

In 1921 the borough council, under George Lansbury and the Poor Law Union were engaged in a dispute with the London County Council and central government over poor law rates – it wished to pay out of work people more than usually permitted; and to get wealthier West End boroughs to contribute to its expenses. Several councillors were imprisoned briefly in 1921 in relation to this. See Poplar Rates Rebellion.

In 1951 Poplar was chosen as the site of the Festival of Britain's 'Exhibition of Live Architecture'. The East End of London had been heavily bombed during the war and its reconstruction was showcased at the new Lansbury Estate. New building materials and planning concepts were demonstrated. The first example of 'live architecture' on the exhibition trail was the Trinity Congregational Church and Hall, just across from the main reception area with their Town Planning and Building Research Pavilions on East India Dock Road. The trail continued with the Lansbury Estate and Chrisp Street Market.

The former Poplar Town Hall in Bow Road, designed by Culpin & Son (1937–38), is now a listed building, as is its predecessor, the Old Town Hall (1870) in Poplar High Street.

## Population and area

Poplar covered an area of 2,328 acres (9.4 km2). The population as given in the census from 1801 to 1961 was:

**Constituent parishes 1801-1899**

| Year | 1801 | 1811 | 1821 | 1831 | 1841 | 1851 | 1861 | 1871 | 1881 | 1891 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Population | 8,278 | 13,548 | 18,932 | 25,066 | 31,122 | 47,162 | 79,196 | 116,376 | 156,510 | 166,748 |

**Metropolitan Borough 1900-1961**

| Year | 1901 | 1911 | 1921 | 1931 | 1941 | 1951 | 1961 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Population | 168,822 | 162,442 | 162,578 | 155,089 |  | 73,579 | 66,604 |

## Borough seal

The borough had no coat of arms, using instead a seal originally designed for the Poplar District Board of Works, its predecessor, created by the Metropolis Management Act 1855. The seal depicted the emblems of the three parish vestries merged into the board.

The top shield was the seal of Poplar Vestry, and showed the 'Hibbert Gate' of the old West India Docks, with a sailing ship on top of the shield. A similar representation of the gate and ship formed the head of the vestry's civic mace, which was used by the board of works and borough council until 1965. The model ship from atop the gate, which was demolished in 1932, was placed by the borough council in Poplar Recreation Ground and Poplar Library before it collapsed.

The shield on the left was the seal of Bow Vestry, and showed a bridge between two bows. This represented the bow-shaped bridge over the River Lea.

The shield on the right was the seal of Bromley St Leonard Vestry, and depicts the saint dressed as a bishop.

There remain a number of street signs which have been preserved with the name of the former borough.

## Politics

Under the Metropolis Management Act 1855 any parish that exceeded 2,000 ratepayers was to be divided into wards; however the parishes of Poplar District Board of Works did not exceed this number so were not divided into wards.

In 1880 the population had increased enough for the parish of All Saints Poplar to be divided into three wards (electing vestrymen): South (27), East (27) and West (30).

In 1885 the population had increased enough for the parish of Bromley St Leonard to also be divided into three wards (electing vestrymen): West (39), East (36) and South (33).

In 1894 the population had increased enough for the parish of St Mary Stratford Bow to be divided into four wards (electing vestrymen): No. 1 (15), No. 2 (15), No. 3 (36) and No. 4 (18).

In 1894 as its population had increased the parish of All Saints Poplar was re-divided into four wards (electing vestrymen): Cubitt Town (15), Millwall (15), Blackwall (24) and West India Dock (30).

The metropolitan borough was divided into fourteen wards for elections: Bow Central, Bow North, Bow South, Bow West, Bromley Central, Bromley North East, Bromley North West, Bromley South East, Bromley South West, Cubitt Town, Millwall, Poplar East, Poplar North West and Poplar West.

### Borough council

### Parliament constituency

For elections to Parliament, the borough was divided into two constituencies:

In 1918 the boundaries of the borough's two seats were adjusted, and one was renamed:

In 1950 the borough's representation was reduced to one seat:

## Further reading

51°31′08″N 0°01′05″W / 51.519°N 0.018°W / 51.519; -0.018

## InfoBox

| Poplar | |
| --- | --- |
|
Former Poplar Town Hall, Bow Road | |
|
*Poplar within the County of London*
 | |
| Area |  |
| 1911 | 2,328 acres (9.42 km2) |
| 1931 | 2,331 acres (9.43 km2) |
| 1961 | 2,348 acres (9.50 km2) |
|  | |
| Population |  |
| 1911 | 162,442 |
| 1931 | 155,089 |
| 1961 | 66,604 |
|  | |
| Density |  |
| 1911 | 70/acre |
| 1931 | 66/acre |
| 1961 | 28/acre |
|  | |
| History |  |
| Origin | Metropolis Management Act 1855 |
| Created | 1855 |
| Abolished | 1965 |
| Succeeded by | London Borough of Tower Hamlets |
|  | |
| Status | District (1855—1900)
Metropolitan borough (1900—1965)
Civil parish (1907—1965) |
| Government | Poplar District Board of Works (1855—1900)
Poplar Metropolitan Borough Council (1900—1965) |
| HQ | East India Dock Road (1856—1870)
Poplar High Street (1870—1938)
Bow Road (1938—1965) |
|
*Borough seal*
 | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Subdivisions |  |
| Type | Civil parishes |
| Units | Bow (1855—1907)
Bromley (1855—1907)
Poplar (1855—1907)
Poplar Borough (1907—1965) |
|  | |
| Map of borough boundary | |


title: Papa'z Song

abstract: "Papa'z Song" is a song by American rapper 2Pac from his second solo album, Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z... (1993). It was released as the fourth and final single from the album. A music video was made for the single. The song peaked at number twenty four on the US Hot Rap Songs chart, number eighty two on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and number eighty seven on the US Billboard Hot 100. The song features Mopreme Shakur under the stage name Wycked in the song, Shakur's older stepbrother and son of Mutulu Shakur.

text:
# Papa'z Song

"**Papa'z Song**" is a song by American rapper 2Pac from his second solo album, *Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z...* (1993). It was released as the fourth and final single from the album. A music video was made for the single. The song peaked at number twenty four on the US Hot Rap Songs chart, number eighty two on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and number eighty seven on the US *Billboard* Hot 100.

The song features Mopreme Shakur under the stage name Wycked in the song, Shakur's older stepbrother and son of Mutulu Shakur.

## Music video

Both Tupac and Mopreme Shakur appear in the video. Actress Vivica A. Fox plays the mother in the music video's story. There are scenes of a husband and his wife arguing. They also act in front of the jail cell. The music video was shot in 1993.

## Track listing

1. "Papa'z Song"
2. "Dabastard's Remix"
3. "Vibe Tribe Remix"
4. "Peep Game" featuring Deadly Threat
5. "Cradle to the Grave"

## Charts

| Chart (1993–1994) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 87 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (*Billboard*) | 82 |
|

| Chart (1994) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Hot Rap Songs (*Billboard*) | 24 |

## InfoBox

| "Papa'z Song" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by 2Pac featuring Wycked | |
| from the album  *Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z...* | |
| Released | January 17, 1994 |
| Recorded | 1992 |
| Genre | Hip hop |
| Length | 5:26 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) | Tupac Shakur |
| Producer(s) | Big D the Impossible |
| 2Pac singles chronology | |
| "Keep Ya Head Up"
(1993) "**Papa'z Song**"
(1994) "Pour Out a Little Liquor"
(1994) | |
|  | |
| Audio sample | |
| "Papa'z Song" | |
| Music video | |
| "Papa'z Song" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: PAOX

abstract: Peroxisomal N(1)-acetyl-spermine/spermidine oxidase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PAOX gene.

text:
# PAOX

**Peroxisomal N(1)-acetyl-spermine/spermidine oxidase** is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the *PAOX* gene.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| PAOX | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | PAOX, PAO, polyamine oxidase (exo-N4-amino), polyamine oxidase | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 615853; MGI: 1916983; HomoloGene: 72096; GeneCards: PAOX; OMA:PAOX - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)      NM\_153783
NM\_001346725   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_690875
NP\_997010
NP\_997011   NP\_001333654
NP\_722478   Location (UCSC) Chr 10: 133.38 – 133.39 Mb Chr 7: 139.7 – 139.72 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Gunsynd Classic

abstract: The Gunsynd Classic is a Brisbane Racing Club Group 3 Thoroughbred horse race for horses aged three years old, at set weights, over a distance of 1,600 metres, at Eagle Farm Racecourse, Brisbane, Australia during the Queensland Winter Racing Carnival. Total prizemoney is A$200,000.

text:
# Gunsynd Classic

The **Gunsynd Classic** is a Brisbane Racing Club Group 3 Thoroughbred horse race for horses aged three years old, at set weights, over a distance of 1,600 metres, at Eagle Farm Racecourse, Brisbane, Australia during the Queensland Winter Racing Carnival. Total prizemoney is A$200,000.

## History

The race is named in honour of Gunsynd, the champion miler of the early 1970s known as the Goondiwindi Grey.

### Name

* 19892009  Doomben Classic
* 2010 onwards - Gunsynd Classic

### Grade

* Before 1996 - Listed race
* 1997 onwards - Group 3

### Distance

* 19891999 – 1615 metres
* 2000 – 1640 metres
* 20012009 – 1615 metres
* 20102014 – 1600 metres
* 2015 – 1800 metres
* 2016 – 1630 metres
* 2017 – 1600 metres
* 2018 – 1630 metres
* 2019 – 1600 metres
* 2020 – 1800 metres
* 2021 – 1600 metres

### Venue

## Winners

* 2023 - Rediener
* 2022 - Kiss Sum
* 2021 - Ayrton
* 2020 - Supergiant
* 2019 - Gem Song
* 2018 - Villermont
* 2017 - Dreams Aplenty
* 2016 - Cylinder Beach
* 2015 - Worthy Cause
* 2014 - Hopfgarten
* 2013 - Proverb
* 2012 - *Meeting abandoned*
* 2011 - Chateau Fort
* 2010 - Sanderson
* 2009 - Za Magic
* 2008 - Pepperwood
* 2007 - Reigning To Win
* 2006 - Belmonte
* 2005 - Saxon
* 2004 - Drunken Joker
* 2003 - Bobs Boy
* 2002 - Galroof
* 2001 - Arrabeea
* 2000 - Akhenaton
* 1999 - Tobruk
* 1998 - Enforced
* 1997 - Marble Halls
* 1996 - Kidmans Cove
* 1995 - Matsqui
* 1994 - What A Poet
* 1993 - Slanchyvah
* 1992 - Pagos King
* 1991 - Brunchtime
* 1990 - Stylish Century
* 1989 - Swain

## InfoBox

Gunsynd Classic
| Group 3 race | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Eagle Farm Racecourse, Brisbane, Australia |
| Inaugurated | 1989 |
| Race type | Thoroughbred \- Flat racing |
| Sponsor | James Squire (2021) |
| Race information | |
| Distance | 1,600 metres |
| Surface | Turf |
| Track | Right-handed |
| Qualification | Three year old |
| Weight | Set weights |
| Purse | A$200,000 (2021) |


title: Jenni Burke

abstract: Jenni Burke is an Australian former swimmer. Burke competed at the Australian Swimming Championships where she won a gold medal in the 4 × 200m freestyle relay event in 1984, a gold medal in the 200m freestyle event and a bronze medal in the 400m freestyle event in 1985, and a silver medal in the 400m freestyle event in 1986. She competed at the 1986 Commonwealth Games where she won a gold medal in the 4 × 200m freestyle relay event and bronze medals in the 400m freestyle and 800m freestyle events.

text:
# Jenni Burke

**Jenni Burke** (born 1971 or 1972) is an Australian former swimmer.

Burke competed at the Australian Swimming Championships where she won a gold medal in the 4 × 200m freestyle relay event in 1984, a gold medal in the 200m freestyle event and a bronze medal in the 400m freestyle event in 1985, and a silver medal in the 400m freestyle event in 1986.

She competed at the 1986 Commonwealth Games where she won a gold medal in the 4 × 200m freestyle relay event and bronze medals in the 400m freestyle and 800m freestyle events.

## InfoBox

Jenni Burke
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1971 or 1972 (age 51–52) |
| Medal record      Women's swimming  Representing  Australia  Commonwealth Games  1986 Edinburgh 4 × 200m freestyle relay  1986 Edinburgh 400m freestyle  1986 Edinburgh 800m freestyle  Australian Swimming Championships  1984 Brisbane 4 × 200m freestyle relay  1985 Melbourne 200m freestlye  1986 Adelaide 400m freestyle  1985 Melbourne 400m freestyle | |


title: Mónika Show

abstract: Mónika Show was a Hungarian talk show aired on RTL Klub every weekday from 2001 to 2010. The host was Mónika Erdélyi.

text:
# Mónika Show

***Mónika Show*** was a Hungarian talk show aired on RTL Klub every weekday from 2001 to 2010. The host was Mónika Erdélyi.

## About

The main point was to let ordinary people go to this show in order to share their stories with the viewers. Mónika's role was to lead the conversations by giving equal opportunities to her guests for answering her questions. Sometimes the guests did not know about the topic itself so they had to face it in front of the audience.

## Rating

Originally, the rating was 12. Later on, they changed it to 16. There were some episodes when they had to put 18 restriction (the red circle).

The commercial channel RTL Klub had several confrontations with the ORTT.

## InfoBox

| *Mónika Show* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Talk show |
| Presented by | Mónika Erdélyi |
| Country of origin | Hungary |
| Original language | Hungarian |
| No. of episodes | 1918 |
| Production | |
| Production location | Budapest |
| Running time | ~45 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | RTL Klub |
| Release | May 7, 2001 (2001-05-07) <br>July 16, 2010 (2010-07-16) |


title: Queen's Audience

abstract: Queen's Audience, sometimes known as King's Audience, is a pictorial patience or solitaire card game which uses a single pack of 52 playing cards. It is so named because the Jacks and their 'entourage' end up adjacent to their respective Queens as if having an audience with them.

text:
# Queen's Audience

**Queen's Audience**, sometimes known as **King's Audience**, is a pictorial patience or solitaire card game which uses a single pack of 52 playing cards. It is so named because the Jacks and their 'entourage' end up adjacent to their respective Queens (or Kings) as if having an audience with them.

## History

The game first appears as **The Queen's Audience** in the 1883 edition of William Brisbane Dick's *Games of Patience or Solitaire with Cards*. The name 'King's Audience' is first used, as an alternative, by Coops in 1939, but only Morehead & Mott-Smith give this as the main name. The rules have remained unaltered since Dick (1883); only the layout of the audience chamber varies. In Dick's original version it is arranged in a circle with the Q at the top, Q at the bottom, Q to the left and Q to the right. The "Knaves" are placed between the Queens, but no order is specified; the cards are arranged radially like the spokes of a wheel (see infobox). Bonaventure has the audience chamber laid out in a square of 3 cards a side. The "thrones" are in the centre of each side and the Knave foundations in the corners. The key cards from top left are: J, Q, J, Q, J, Q, J and Q. Coops uses a circle like Dick, but the cards are vertical, parallel to the sides of the antechamber. She follows Dick's placement and adds that the Jacks go to the right of their respective Queens. Morehead & Mott-Smith arrange the audience chamber in two rows, royalty above and foundations below. Moyse (1950) does likewise but collapses all the royalty into a single side-on pile. Parlett (1979) and Arnold (2011) follow Morehead & Mott-Smith.

## Rules

First, sixteen cards are dealt to form a square. These compose the reserve, or "antechamber." On the other hand, the area inside the square is called the "audience chamber." This is where twelve cards are to be placed later. The audience chamber may be laid out in any of the ways described above. All cards in the antechamber are available for play.

After the cards are dealt, the King and Queen of each suit, whenever both are available, are placed inside the audience chamber, Queen on top, never to take part in the rest of the game. Also, the Jack and the Ace of each suit, whenever they become available at the same time, are placed inside the audience chamber with the Jack on top; this pair becomes a foundation, to be built down by suit to the Deuces (Twos).

There is no packing between cards in the antechamber; they are only available for play to the foundations. When a card leaves the antechamber, it is replaced with a card from the wastepile or, if there is none, the stock.

When play comes to a standstill, cards from the stock are dealt one a time to a wastepile, the top card of which is available for play. The stock can only be dealt once.

The game is out when all cards end up in the audience chamber. On average, Queen's Audience can be won three times out of four.

King's Audience is identical except that the Kings are the top card in each King-Queen pair.

## Bibliography

* Arnold, Peter (2011). *Card Games for One.* 2nd edn. London: Chambers. ISBN 9780550102010
* Bonaventure, George A. (1931). *Games of Solitaire: One Hundred Variations With a Single Pack*. New York: Duffield & Green.
* Coops, Helen Leslie (1939). *100 Games of Solitaire.* Whitman. 128 pp.
* Dick, William Brisbane (1883). *Dick's Games of Patience, Or, Solitaire with Cards.* 44 games. NY: Dick & Fitzgerald.
* Morehead, Albert H. and Mott-Smith, Geoffrey (1949). *The Complete Book of Solitaire and Patience Games.* New York: Grosset & Dunlop.
* Morehead, Albert H. and Mott-Smith, Geoffrey (2001). *The Complete Book of Solitaire and Patience Games.* Slough: Foulsham. ISBN 0-572-02654-4
* Moyse Jr., Alphonse (1950). *150 Ways to Play Solitaire.* Cincinnati: Whitman.
* Parlett, David (1979). *The Penguin Book of Patience*, London: Penguin. ISBN 0-7139-1193-X

## InfoBox

Queen's Audience
| A Patience game | |
| --- | --- |
| Queen's Audience with circular audience chamber | |
| Origin | US |
| Alternative names | King's Audience |
| Type | Reserved builder |
| Family | Carpet-like |
| Deck | Single 52-card |
| Playing time | 4 or 5 min |
| Odds of winning | 3 in 4 or 1 in 2 |


title: Metarminoidea

abstract: Metarminoidea is a provisional taxonomic superfamily of colourful sea slugs, aeolid nudibranchs, marine opisthobranch gastropod molluscs in the clade Nudibranchia. This name is unfortunately not available as a superfamily name, because it is not based on a genus. It is used here because, as of February 2015, no replacement name has yet been proposed.

text:
# Metarminoidea

**Metarminoidea** is a provisional taxonomic superfamily of colourful sea slugs, aeolid nudibranchs, marine opisthobranch gastropod molluscs in the clade Nudibranchia.

This name is unfortunately not available as a superfamily name, because it is not based on a genus. It is used here because, as of February 2015, no replacement name has yet been proposed.

## Description

The nudibranchs in this superfamily share with the Aeolidida the possession of dorsal cerata. Unlike the cerata of aeolids they have either no digestive gland or short digestive gland intrusions into the cerata and no cnidosacs. In the Goniaeolididae the digestive gland is ramified beneath the skin but does not extend into the cerata. The cerata are easily cast off and are probably defensive in purpose. In the Proctonotidae the cerata are cored with extensions of the digestive gland which terminates midway up the ceras in some species and extends to the tip in others. The anus may be on the right-hand side of the body (as in aeolids) or in the middle of the back towards the tail end (as in dorids).

## InfoBox

| Metarminoidea | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Two individuals of *Goniaeolis typica*, Stokkvågen, Lurøy, Norway, 30 m. | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| (unranked): | clade Heterobranchia
clade Euthyneura
clade Nudipleura
clade Nudibranchia
clade Dexiarchia

clade **Cladobranchia** |
| Superfamily: | **Metarminoidea**
Odhner in Franc, 1968 |
|
| Families | |
| Charcotiidae
Dironidae
Goniaeolididae
Heroidae
Proctonotidae
Madrellidae
Pinufiidae
Embletoniidae | |


title: William Bedford (footballer)

abstract: William Bedford was a footballer who played as an inside right with Doncaster Rovers from 1889 to 1885.

text:
# William Bedford (footballer)

**William Bedford** was a footballer who played as an inside right with Doncaster Rovers from 1889 to 1885.

## Career

Bedford played at inside right in the first match Doncaster Rovers played under that name, at Rawmarsh on 3 October 1879. In a time where records of most lineups and scorers are unavailable, his first recorded goal was on 21 January 1882 in a 5–0 home victory in a friendly game against Frodingham, and then he scored both goals in a 2–0 home win against Sheffield Clarence on 15 March 1884.

His last recorded appearance was in scoring in a 2–0 victory at Kilnhurst Church in a 2–0 win in front of a recorded crowd of 500.

During his time with Rovers, the team played 57 matches over 6 seasons, and he is recorded as having scored 4 goals.

He was elected as a committee member of the club for the 1882–83 season.

## InfoBox

William Bedford
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Position(s) | Inside right | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1879–1885 | Doncaster Rovers |  | (4) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley

abstract: The Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley is a metropolitan borough in Merseyside, North West England. It covers several towns and villages, including Kirkby, Prescot, Huyton, Whiston, Halewood, Cronton and Stockbridge Village; Kirkby, Huyton, and Prescot being the major commercial centres. It takes its name from the village of Knowsley, though its headquarters are in Huyton. It forms part of the wider Liverpool City Region. Within the boundaries of the historic county of Lancashire, the borough was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of Huyton-with-Roby Urban District, Kirkby Urban District and Prescot Urban District, along with most of Whiston Rural District and a small part of West Lancashire Rural District, all from the administrative county of Lancashire. It is known for Knowsley Hall and Knowsley Safari Park.

text:
# Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley

The **Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley** is a metropolitan borough in Merseyside, North West England. It covers several towns and villages, including Kirkby, Prescot, Huyton, Whiston, Halewood, Cronton and Stockbridge Village; Kirkby, Huyton, and Prescot being the major commercial centres. It takes its name from the village of Knowsley, though its headquarters are in Huyton. It forms part of the wider Liverpool City Region.

Within the boundaries of the historic county of Lancashire, the borough was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of Huyton-with-Roby Urban District, Kirkby Urban District and Prescot Urban District, along with most of Whiston Rural District and a small part of West Lancashire Rural District, all from the administrative county of Lancashire.

It is known for Knowsley Hall and Knowsley Safari Park.

## History

The modern-day borough of Knowsley was formerly composed of villages and towns in Lancashire dating back to 650 AD. The Earls of Derby have their ancestral home in the borough at Knowsley Hall, the surroundings of which today house the popular visitor attraction of Knowsley Safari Park.

Knowsley experienced rapid population expansion in the 1950s and 1960s, resulting from the combination of industrialization and migration, including a significant amount of overspill development from Liverpool. By 1971, some 194,600 lived within the area which would become Knowsley. However, over the next two decades general economic decline – particularly in manufacturing – contributed to a significant fall in population to around 154,600 by 1994. Subsequently, a population stabilization strategy helped to stem this decline. The strategy was focused on house building and marketing the borough to secure inward investment. Record house building and strong growth in inward investment yielded the borough's first small rise in population in over 25 years in 1995. The population stabilized at over 154,000 for most of the rest of the 1990s.

The borough of Knowsley was created on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 covering the area of three former urban districts, which were abolished at the same time, plus six civil parishes (five from Whiston Rural District and one from West Lancashire Rural District):

‡Parishes from Whiston Rural District

All the component parts of Knowsley had previously been in the administrative county of Lancashire, but were transferred to the new metropolitan county of Merseyside at the same time the district came into being on 1 April 1974. A committee of councillors from the outgoing district councils chose the name Knowsley for the new district in 1972, taking the name from Knowsley village, being a central location within the new district, rather than using the name of one of the three urban districts which had the majority of the population. The committee noted that the Knowsley Hall estate had historic connections to all the constituent parts of the new district. The government confirmed the name in 1973. The new district was awarded borough status from its creation, allowing the chairman of the council to take the title of mayor.

## Geography

### Settlements

## Governance

### Westminster

The residents of Knowsley Metropolitan Borough are represented in the British Parliament by Members of Parliament (MPs) for three separate parliamentary constituencies. Knowsley is represented by Anneliese Midgley MP (Labour), Garston and Halewood is represented by Maria Eagle MP (Labour) and St Helens South and Whiston is represented by Marie Rimmer MP (Labour).

### Knowsley Council Composition

After local elections in 2008 the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley was governed by the Labour Party, the largest party represented on the council. The Liberal Democrats, the second largest party, were in opposition. There were no other councillors.

| Year | Labour | Liberal Democrats |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | 47 | 16 |
| 2010 | 53 | 10 |
| 2011 | 59 | 4 |
| 2012 | 63 | 0 |
| 2016 | 42 | 3 |

After local elections in 2010 the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley continued to be governed by the Labour Party, the largest party represented on the council, who increased their total number of seats by 5 to 53. The Liberal Democrats, the second largest party represented on the council, continued to be in opposition losing 5 seats to the governing Labour Party to decrease their total number of seats to 10.

After local elections in 2011 the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley continued to be governed by the Labour Party, the largest party represented on the council, who increased their total number of seats to 59. The Liberal Democrats, the second largest party represented on the council, continued to be in opposition losing 6 seats to the governing Labour Party to decrease their total number of seats to 4.

After the local elections in 2012, Knowsley became a one party borough, completely taking out the Liberal Democrat seats.

In 2016 the number of seats was reduced to 45 with the Liberal Democrats winning three

Following several years of subsequent elections, the political composition is now Labour 33, Green 5, Liberal Democrats 3, Independent 3 with one vacancy in Page Moss ward.

### Liverpool City Region Combined Authority

The Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley is one of the six constituent local government districts of the Liverpool City Region. Since 1 April 2014, some of the borough's responsibilities have been pooled with neighbouring authorities within the metropolitan area and subsumed into the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority.

The combined authority has effectively become the top-tier administrative body for the local governance of the city region and the leader of Knowsley Council, along with the five other leaders from neighbouring local government districts, take strategic decisions over economic development, transport, employment and skills, tourism, culture, housing and physical infrastructure.

## Demography

According to the 2011 census, 80.9% of people in Knowsley describe themselves as Christian, the highest proportion in any local authority in England and Wales. This is significantly different from average figures from the 2011 census for England and Wales, which showed that 59.3 per cent of the population identified as Christian and 14.1 million people, around a quarter of the population in England and Wales, reported that they have no religion.

## Twin towns

Knowsley is twinned with:

## Freedom of the Borough

The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the Borough of Knowsley.

### Individuals

### Military units

### Organisations and Groups

## InfoBox

| Borough of Knowsley | |
| --- | --- |
| Metropolitan borough | |
| Knowsley council headquarters in Huyton | |
|  | |
| Motto(s): By faith and industry | |
| Knowsley shown within Merseyside | |
| Coordinates: 53°26′20″N 2°51′04″W / 53.439°N 2.851°W / 53.439; -2.851 | |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Country | England |
| Region | North West |
| Ceremonial county | Merseyside |
| City region | Liverpool |
| Incorporated | 1 April 1974 |
| Named for | Knowsley Village |
| Administrative HQ | Municipal Buildings, Huyton |
| Government | |
| Type | Metropolitan borough |
| Body | Knowsley Metropolitan Borough Council |
| Executive | Leader and cabinet |
| Control | Labour |
| Leader | Graham J Morgan () |
| Mayor | Eddie Connor |
| MPs |  |
| Area | |
| Total | 34 sq mi (87 km2) |
| Rank | 208th |
| Population (2022) | |
| Total | 157,103 |
| Rank | 133rd |
| Density | 4,700/sq mi (1,816/km2) |
| Ethnicity (2021) | |
| Ethnic groups | List |
| Religion (2021) | |
| Religion | List |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+1 (BST) |
| Postcode areas | * 10 * L14 * L16 * L25–26 * L28 * L32–36 * WA8 |
| Dialling code | 0151 |
| ISO 3166 code | GB-KWL |
| GSS code | E08000011 |
| Website | knowsley.gov.uk |


title: Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 290

abstract: Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 290 is a fragment of a Work on Embankments, in Greek. It was discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It was written between 83-84. Currently it is housed in the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia.

text:
# Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 290

**Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 290** (**P. Oxy. 290** or **P. Oxy. II 290**) is a fragment of a Work on Embankments, in Greek. It was discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It was written between 83-84. Currently it is housed in the University Museum (E 2761) of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia.

## Description

The measurements of the fragment are 278 by 910 millimetres (10.9 by 35.8 in). The document is mutilated.

The document was written by an unknown author. It contains a Work on Embankments.

This papyrus was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1899.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: B. P. Grenfell; A. S. Hunt (1899). *Oxyrhynchus Papyri II*. London: Egypt Exploration Fund.


title: Outside My Window

abstract: "Outside My Window" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Sarah Buxton. The song was released in June 2009 as the lead-off single from her self-titled debut album, which was released in February 2010. It has since become Buxton's second Top 30 hit on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart, as well as the highest-charting single of her career. Buxton wrote this song with Victoria Shaw, Gary Burr and Mark Hudson.

text:
# Outside My Window

"**Outside My Window**" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Sarah Buxton. The song was released in June 2009 as the lead-off single from her self-titled debut album, which was released in February 2010. It has since become Buxton's second Top 30 hit on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot Country Songs chart, as well as the highest-charting single of her career. Buxton wrote this song with Victoria Shaw, Gary Burr and Mark Hudson.

## Content

"Outside My Window" is an up-tempo country pop song, backed primarily by electric guitar with steel guitar fills. The song's female narrator describes the positive things she sees "outside \[her\] window," which brighten up her day.

## Critical reception

The song has received mixed reception from music critics. Matt Bjorke of Roughstock reviewed the song favorably and referring to it as Buxton's "biggest shot at radio stardom yet." He described the song as "a Martina McBride-like optimistic ballad", as well as "a hook-y, sing-a-long to play for women this summer." Karlie Justus of Engine 145 gave the song a thumbs down, finding fault in the song's "strange production choices" and the chorus' "long mishmash of feel-good staples, which underscores its 'written by committee' feel." She thought that the verses were well written, and compared Buxton's sound to the likes of SHeDAISY, Deana Carter, and Julianne Hough. Kevin John Coyne of Country Universe gave the song a C rating, noting that while her voice is "distinctive and interesting," it is crowded out by "layers of backing instruments and vocalists," which result in her "sound\[ing\] like any one of the countless 21st century country acts who have to put all their effort into getting close enough to being on key for auto-tune to fix it."

## Music video

The music video, which was directed by co-writer Mark Hudson, premiered on CMT on July 9, 2009. The video shows Buxton outside in the woods, playing her acoustic guitar, while experiencing events portrayed in the song lyrics. Props for the video include a cut-out window that is held in front of Buxton as she looks through it, noticing a couple kissing among other things. Buxton revealed that the video was homemade and with a budget of $80.

## Chart performance

"Outside My Window" debuted at number 57 on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot Country Songs chart in July 2009. The song was a minor Top 30 on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot Country Songs chart, reaching a peak of number 23 in early 2010.

| Chart (2009–2010) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Hot Country Songs (*Billboard*) | 23 |
| US *Billboard* Bubbling Under Hot 100 | 7 |

## InfoBox

| "Outside My Window" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Sarah Buxton | |
| from the album  *Sarah Buxton* | |
| Released | June 29, 2009 |
| Genre | Country |
| Length | 3:46 |
| Label | Lyric Street |
| Songwriter(s) | Gary Burr, Sarah Buxton, Mark Hudson, Victoria Shaw |
| Producer(s) | Sarah Buxton |
| Sarah Buxton singles chronology | |
| "Space'"
(2008) "**Outside My Window**"
(2009) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Outside My Window" at CMT.com | |
|  | |


title: Yoga Nandeeshwara Temple

abstract: Yoga Nandeeshwara Temple is a Hindu temple in Nandi Hills or Nandidurg, Chikkaballapur district, Karnataka, India, is a dedicated to the Lord Shiva. It dates back to the Chola's Period.

text:
# Yoga Nandeeshwara Temple

**Yoga Nandeeshwara Temple** is a Hindu temple in Nandi Hills or Nandidurg, Chikkaballapur district, Karnataka, India, is a dedicated to the Lord Shiva. It dates back to the Chola's Period.

## InfoBox

| Yoga Nandeeshwara Temple | |
| --- | --- |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Hinduism |
| District | Chikkaballapur |
| Deity | Lord Shiva |
| Location | |
| Location | Nandi Hills |
| State | Karnataka |
| Country | India |
| Geographic coordinates | 13°22′07″N 77°41′01″E / 13.3686°N 77.6837°E / 13.3686; 77.6837 |


title: R.Q. Dickerson

abstract: Roger Quincey Dickerson was an American jazz trumpeter.

text:
# R.Q. Dickerson

**Roger Quincey Dickerson** (1898  January 21, 1951) was an American jazz trumpeter.

## Biography

He was born in 1898 in Paducah, Kentucky.

Dickerson was raised in St. Louis, Missouri, where he worked in local theaters in the late 1910s. He toured with Wilson Robinson's Bostonians in 1923, and then worked in Andrew Preer's group at the Cotton Club in New York City, remaining in the group after Preer's death in 1927. Dickerson was still in the group when Cab Calloway took it over in 1930, and he recorded several times under Calloway. He also recorded in small groups with Harry Cooper (1925) and Jasper Taylor (1928); the latter session also featured Johnny Dodds.

Dickerson left Calloway's employ in 1931 and quit music, but recorded again in 1949 accompanying a singer named Ray Cully.

He died on January 21, 1951, in Glens Falls, New York.

## Further reading


title: HMS Maidstone (1912)

abstract: HMS Maidstone was a submarine depot ship of the Royal Navy. She was purpose built to support 12 of the new 'D' Class submarines under the 1910/11 Naval Programme.

text:
# HMS Maidstone (1912)

**HMS *Maidstone*** was a submarine depot ship of the Royal Navy. She was purpose built to support 12 of the new 'D' Class submarines under the 1910/11 Naval Programme.

## Pennant numbers

| Pennant Number | From | To |
| --- | --- | --- |
| P39 | 6 December 1914 | 1 January 1918 |
| P4A | 1 January 1918 | Early 1919 |

## Service history

### Pre-war

*Maidstone* commissioned at Portsmouth on 15 October 1912, as the principal depot ship of the officer commanding the newly established 8th Submarine Flotilla. This was the offensive submarine force based in UK waters.

### First World War

*Maidstone* led the 8th Submarine Flotilla to its war station at Harwich in the 1914 mobilisation. She remained the principal depot ship for the offensive submarine force at Harwich for the duration of the hostilities. *Maidstone'*s Flotilla was re-established as the 9th Submarine Flotilla in August 1916. However, this was only a change of the flotilla number and there was no change in her duties.

### Fate

*Maidstone* decommissioned from service on 15 December 1927. She was sold on 31 August 1929.

## Sources

* F.J. Dittmar & J.J. Colledge (1972). *British Warships 1914-1919*. London: Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-0380-7.
* The National Archives:ADM 186/15: *War Vessels and Aircraft (British and Foreign): Quarterly Return, Oct 1915*
* The National Archives:ADM 53/23406, 47893-47941, 80240-80247: *Logs of HMS Maidstone*

## InfoBox

| *Maidstone* | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United Kingdom | |
| Name | HMS *Maidstone* |
| Namesake | Maidstone, Kent |
| Ordered | 1910 |
| Builder | Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, Greenock |
| Launched | 27 April 1912 |
| Commissioned | 15 October 1912 |
| Decommissioned | 15 December 1927 |
| Fate | Sold 31 August 1929 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Submarine depot ship |
| Displacement | 3,600 long tons (3,700 ) (normal load) |
| Length | 355 ft (108 m) |
| Beam | 45 ft (14 m) |
| Draught | 17 ft 9.5 in (5.423 m) (deep load) |
| Installed power | 2,800 shp (2,100 kW) |
| Propulsion | triple-expansion steam engines |
| Speed | 14.3 knots (26.5 km/h; 16.5 mph) |
| Range | 3,000 nmi (5,600 km; 3,500 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) |
| Boats & landing
craft carried | three 35 ft (11 m) motor boats two 30 ft (9.1 m) cutters
two 27 ft (8.2 m) whalers
two 16 ft (4.9 m) skiffs
one 13 ft 6 in (4.11 m) balsa raft
 |
| Complement | 159 |
| Armament | Nil |
| Notes | 465 long tons (472 ) of coal at deep load 500 long tons (510 ) of oil for submarines
 |


title: Methesis

abstract: Methesis is a genus of South American corinnid sac spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1896. Originally placed with the ground spiders, it was moved to Corinnidae in 1969. As of April 2019 it contains only two species.

text:
# Methesis

***Methesis*** is a genus of South American corinnid sac spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1896. Originally placed with the ground spiders, it was moved to Corinnidae in 1969. As of April 2019 it contains only two species.

## InfoBox

| *Methesis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Corinnidae |
| Genus: | *Methesis*
Simon, 1896 |
|
| Type species | |
| *M. semirufa*
Simon, 1896 | |
| Species | |
|  | |


title: Mohammed Latif Subedar

abstract: Mohammed Latif Subedar is a Fiji Indian politician who won the Labasa Rural Indian Communal Constituency, one of the 19 seats reserved for Fiji citizens of Indian origin, for the Fiji Labour Party during the 1999 election and the 2001 election for the House of Representatives. On 19 May 2000, he was among the 43 members of the People's Coalition Government, led by Mahendra Chaudhry, taken hostage by George Speight and his band of rebel Republic of Fiji Military Forces (RFMF) soldiers from the Counter Revolutionary Warfare Unit. He was released on 13 July 2000 after 56 days of captivity. He had first entered House of Representatives in 1992 general election but lost his seat to the National Federation Party opponent in the 1994 election. He died in August 2003.

text:
# Mohammed Latif Subedar

**Mohammed Latif Subedar** is a Fiji Indian politician who won the Labasa Rural Indian Communal Constituency, one of the 19 seats reserved for Fiji citizens of Indian origin, for the Fiji Labour Party during the 1999 election and the 2001 election for the House of Representatives.

On 19 May 2000, he was among the 43 members of the People's Coalition Government, led by Mahendra Chaudhry, taken hostage by George Speight and his band of rebel Republic of Fiji Military Forces (RFMF) soldiers from the Counter Revolutionary Warfare Unit. He was released on 13 July 2000 after 56 days of captivity.

He had first entered House of Representatives in 1992 general election but lost his seat to the National Federation Party opponent in the 1994 election.

He died in August 2003.

1. "Elections 1999 Results By The Count". Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-05-23.
2. Fiji Labour Party - Activities Report: 1999-2000
3. Achievements of FLP

## InfoBox

| Mohammed Latif Subedar | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of House of Representatives (Fiji)
Labasa Rural Indian Communal Constituency | |
| **In office**
1999–2003 | |
| Succeeded by | Mohammed Tahir |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Political party | Fiji Labour Party |
|  | |


title: Merle Alcock

abstract: Merle Alcock, born Merle Tillotson, was an American contralto who sang with the Metropolitan Opera in 236 performances from 1919 to 1929, officially signing in with them in 1924.

text:
# Merle Alcock

**Merle Alcock**, born **Merle Tillotson**, (February 6, 1884 - March 1, 1975) was an American contralto who sang with the Metropolitan Opera in 236 performances from 1919 to 1929, officially signing in with them in 1924.

## Early life and education

Born Merle Tillotson in Andover, Missouri on February 6, 1884, Merle Alcock was the daughter of the Reverend Elijah Tillotson and his wife Zulina "Zula" Hannah Hiner. She spent much of her childhood in Iowa. Her first musical experiences were as a child performing as a soloist in her father’s church. Her sister, Enid Tillotson, was a soprano who appeared on the concert stage.

Tillotson studied first at Dakota Wesleyan University (then Dakota University) in Mitchell, South Dakota where she was actively performing in school concerts in 1902, 1903, and 1904. Her voice teacher at the university was Grace Goodykoontz. She performed at many public events in Mitchell in 1903; including performing as a soloist in concerts given at the Corn Palace in May and August 1903. She continued to perform at public events and concerts in Mitchell in 1904 and 1905, and was a soloist of the Walter von Geltch Concert Company, a professional performing group in Mitchell.

Tillotson trained further at the Drake Conservatory of Music at Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa. where she began studies in the fall semester of 1905 after transferring to the school from Dakota University. Her voice teacher at Drake was the school’s dean, Frederick Howard. She graduated from the conservatory after one year of study in June 1906. She later studied singing in New York City with Bruno Huhn, and privately with William Wade Hinshaw, Paul Savage and Herbert Witherspoon.

## Early career as a concert and vaudeville singer

Tillotson began her performance career while a college student. In March 1906 she was the contralto soloist in the world premiere of Wilhelm Carl Ernst Seeboeck’s cantata *As the Season's Come and Go* which was given in Des Moines. In the summer of 1906 she was engaged as a concert soloist on the Chautauqua circuit; touring as a member of the Elma Smith Concert Company. One of her fellow soloists in this troupe was her future husband, the tenor Bechtel Alcock. She continued to tour with the company through March 1907; performing in concerts in Indiana, Iowa, Massachusetts, Michigan, Illinois, and Virginia.

After completing her 1906-1907 tour schedule, Tillotson went to New York City to study voice with Paul Savage, a professor of voice at the Metropolitan College of Music in Manhattan. She performed at that music conservatory’s commencement in June 1907. She was once again with the Elma Smith Company for the Fall of 1907, performing in Massachusetts and Illinois.

In 1908 Tillotson joined the La Scala Sextet, a classical vocal group which toured in vaudeville. The group toured in the Orpheum Circuit and Alcock adopted the stage name of Merle Mayew while performing with this group. Some of the theaters where this group performed included the Majestic Theatre in Chicago, B. F. Keiths Grand Opera House in Indianapolis, the Majestic Theatre in Boston, the Colonial Theatre in New York City, and the Columbia Theatre in Cincinnati.

Tillotson returned to New York City where she worked as a paid church vocalist, first at Mount Morris Baptist Church on 126th st and then at Madison Avenue Baptist Church. She was still singing with the latter church as late as 1915. In 1909 she made her first recording for Columbia Records, singing the songs “Sweet Genevieve” by Henry Tucker and “Bonnie Sweet Bessie” by James L. Gilbert. They were released by Columbia in January 1910.

On March 8, 1910 Tillotson married tenor Isaac Bechtel Alcock in Manhattan. Merle and her husband would often perform together. By 1912, she was still referred to by her maiden name in some newspapers, but was also referred to as Merle Tillotson Alcock. By 1914 she was using the name Marie Alcock on the stage, and it is under this name that she became a famous singer.

## Oratorio career

In February 1914 Alcock was a featured soloist in a concert of opera excerpts at the Century Opera House in New York City. The following June she made her European debut under the name Merle Tillotson Alcock singing a concert of German lieder with her husband at Claridge's in London as part of a concert series organized by soprano Marta Cunningham. This performance was erroneously described as her “concert debut” in both her obituary in *The New York Times* and the *Großes Sängerlexikon*. It was reported in the *Mitchell Daily Republican* that she performed in an opera in Milan in the summer of 1914.

Alcock was engaged as the contralto soloist for the New York Symphony Orchestra‘s 1915 national tour. From this point on she became a well known oratorio soloist; and was particularly celebrated for her performances of music by George Frideric Handel and Johann Sebastian Bach. In October 1915 she performed in concerts at the Worcester Music Festival. In December 1915 she was the contralto soloist in the New York premiere of Walter Damrosch’s *Iphigenia in Aulis* with the composer leading the New York Symphony Orchestra. In December 1917 she performed with the Boston Symphony Orchestra and the Handel and Haydn Society under conductor Emil Mollenhauer as the contralto soloist in performances of Handel’s *Messiah*.

She found a patron in Mrs. Charles Schwab in 1916. Mrs. Schwab was herself a singer as a young woman.

## Opera career

Alcock first sang at the Met in a performance of Verdi’s Requiem Mass on Dec. 14, 1919. Her opera debut was on Nov. 15, 1923, when she sang the role of the fiddler Beppe in *L’amico Fritz*. At the Met she created the role of Ase in the world premiere of Deems Taylor’s *The King's Henchman* in 1927. She also performed roles in the United States premieres of several operas at the Met, including Laldomine in *La cena delle beffe* (1926), Elf in *La Campana Sommersa* (1928) and Mother in *Fra Gherardo* (1929).

Other roles she performed at the Met included Amneris in *Aida*, Suzuki in *Madama Butterfly*, Maddalena in *Rigoletto*, Cieca in *La Gioconda*, the Shepherd in *Tosca*, Lola in *Cavalleria rusticana*, Kaled in *Le Roi de Lahore*, Amelfa in *Le Coq d'or*, Carmela in *La Vida breve*, the shepherd boy in *L'amore dei tre re*, Albine in *Thaïs*, the Nurse in *Boris Godunov*, the Goatherd in *Dinorah*, the First Norn in *Götterdämmerung*, the Sandman in *Hansel and Gretel*, and Mercédès in *Carmen*.

In 1924 she portrayed Ortrud in *Lohengrin* at the Ravinia Festival. In 1930 she toured America with the San Carlo Opera Company as Carmen.

## Later life

After retiring from the stage, Alcock worked as a voice teacher in New York City. Some of her more well known pupils included sopranos Isabel Bigley, Eileen Farrell, Helen George, and Ethel Semser; tenor George Maran; mezzo-sopranos Mary Davenport and Eleanor Wold; cabaret singer Page Morton; and actress Betsy von Furstenberg.

Alcock moved to Phoenix, Arizona in 1963. She died at her home in Phoenix on March 1, 1975. She is buried in Wooster Cemetery in Wooster, Ohio.


title: Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 288

abstract: Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 288 is a fragment of a Taxation Account, in Greek. It was discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It was written after 22 July 25. Currently it is housed in the British Library in London.

text:
# Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 288

**Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 288** (**P. Oxy. 288** or **P. Oxy. II 288**) is a fragment of a Taxation Account, in Greek. It was discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It was written after 22 July 25. Currently it is housed in the British Library (Department of Manuscripts 798) in London.

## Description

The measurements of the fragment are 363 by 180 mm. The document is mutilated.

The document was written by Tryphon, son of Dionysius, a weaver of Oxyrhynchus. It contains a Taxation Account. The first four lines are written in a careful cursive, the rest in a larger and freer hand.

This papyrus was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1899.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: B. P. Grenfell; A. S. Hunt (1899). *Oxyrhynchus Papyri II*. London: Egypt Exploration Fund.


title: Outside Music

abstract: Outside Music is a Canadian record label and distributor founded by Lloyd Nishimura in 2001. In 2007, it expanded to include an artist management division which includes Jill Barber, Matthew Barber, Aidan Knight, Justin Rutledge as management clients. The Outside Music Label released The Sadies's Tremendous Efforts and albums by Billy Bragg, Tinariwen, The Super Friendz, and the soundtrack to the indie film The Life and Hard Times of Guy Terrifico. In 2010, The Sadies's Darker Circles and The Besnard Lakes's The Besnard Lakes Are the Roaring Night appeared on the Polaris Music Prize shortlist while in 2011, Little Scream's The Golden Record, Sloan's The Double Cross, Black Mountain's Wilderness Heart and One Hundred Dollars's Songs of Man all garnered Polaris long list nominations. Matthew Barber, Jill Barber, Oh Susanna, The Sadies, and The Hylozoists have all received Juno Award nominations for albums released on the Outside Music Label. On December 1, 2018, Outside Music and Distribution Select merged their sales and distribution services, while maintaining their respective offices.

text:
# Outside Music

**Outside Music** is a Canadian record label and distributor founded by Lloyd Nishimura in 2001. In 2007, it expanded to include an artist management division which includes Jill Barber, Matthew Barber, Aidan Knight, Justin Rutledge as management clients.

The Outside Music Label released The Sadies's *Tremendous Efforts* and albums by Billy Bragg, Tinariwen, The Super Friendz, and the soundtrack to the indie film *The Life and Hard Times of Guy Terrifico*.

In 2010, The Sadies's *Darker Circles* and The Besnard Lakes's *The Besnard Lakes Are the Roaring Night* appeared on the Polaris Music Prize shortlist while in 2011, Little Scream's *The Golden Record*, Sloan's *The Double Cross*, Black Mountain's *Wilderness Heart* and One Hundred Dollars's *Songs of Man* all garnered Polaris long list nominations. Matthew Barber, Jill Barber, Oh Susanna, The Sadies, and The Hylozoists have all received Juno Award nominations for albums released on the Outside Music Label.

On December 1, 2018, Outside Music and Distribution Select merged their sales and distribution services, while maintaining their respective offices.

## Notable mentions and awards

## Roster

## Past roster

## Labels distributed through Outside

1. "Canada's Leading Distributors of Indie Music Joining Forces". billboard. 29 October 2018.

## InfoBox

| Outside Music | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Founded | 2001 (2001) |
| Founder | Lloyd Nishimura |
| Genre | Rock, country, vocal jazz |
| Country of origin | Canada |
| Location | Burlington, Ontario |
| Official website | outside-music.com |


abstract:
Reduction of Hours of Work (Textiles) Convention, 1937 is an International Labour Organization Convention. It was established in 1937:
Considering that the question of the reduction of hours of work in the textile industry is the second item on the agenda of the Session; Confirming the principle laid down in the Forty-Hour Week Convention, 1935, including the maintenance of the standard of living; Considering it to be desirable that this principle should be applied by international agreement to the textile industry;...

text:
# Reduction of Hours of Work (Textiles) Convention, 1937

**Reduction of Hours of Work (Textiles) Convention, 1937** is an International Labour Organization Convention.

It was established in 1937:

> Considering that the question of the reduction of hours of work in the textile industry is the second item on the agenda of the Session;
>
> Confirming the principle laid down in the Forty-Hour Week Convention, 1935, including the maintenance of the standard of living;
>
> Considering it to be desirable that this principle should be applied by international agreement to the textile industry;...

## Withdrawn

The convention was never brought into force, and was withdrawn at the ILO General Conference May 30, 2000.

## Ratifications

No countries ratified this convention.

## InfoBox

Reduction of Hours of Work (Textiles) Convention, 1937
| C61 | |
| --- | --- |
| ILO Convention | |
| Date of adoption | June 22, 1937 |
| Date in force | Withdrawn <br>May 30, 2000 |
| Classification | Hours of Work |
| Subject | Working Time |
| Previous | Minimum Age (Non-Industrial Employment) Convention (Revised), 1937 (shelved) |
| Next | Safety Provisions (Building) Convention, 1937 |