title: Triple J Hottest 100, 2010

abstract: The 2010 Triple J Hottest 100 was announced and played on Australia Day, 26 January 2011. It is the eighteenth countdown of the most popular songs of the year, as chosen by the listeners of Australian radio station Triple J. Voting commenced at midnight on Monday 20 December 2010, and closed at midnight on Sunday 16 January 2011. 1.26 million votes were recorded from 152 countries, a new record number of votes.

text:
# Triple J Hottest 100, 2010

The **2010 Triple J Hottest 100** was announced and played on Australia Day, 26 January 2011. It is the eighteenth countdown of the most popular songs of the year, as chosen by the listeners of Australian radio station Triple J.

Voting commenced at midnight on Monday 20 December 2010, and closed at midnight on Sunday 16 January 2011. 1.26 million votes were recorded from 152 countries, a new record number of votes.

## Full list

|  | **Note**: Australian artists |
| --- | --- |

| # | Song | Artist | Country of origin |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Big Jet Plane | Angus & Julia Stone | Australia |
| 2 | Rock It | Little Red | Australia |
| 3 | Dance the Way I Feel | Ou Est le Swimming Pool | United Kingdom |
| 4 | Plans | Birds of Tokyo | Australia |
| 5 | Fall at Your Feet | Boy & Bear | Australia |
| 6 | Teenage Crime | Adrian Lux | Sweden |
| 7 | Fuck You | CeeLo Green | United States |
| 8 | Tokyo (Vampires & Wolves) | The Wombats | United Kingdom |
| 9 | Magic Fountain | Art vs. Science | Australia |
| 10 | Somebody to Love Me | Mark Ronson & The Business Intl. featuring Boy George and Andrew Wyatt | United Kingdom/United States |
| 11 | ABC News Theme (Pendulum Remix) | Peter Wall & Tony Ansell | Australia |
| 12 | Rapunzel | Drapht | Australia |
| 13 | Clap Your Hands | Sia | Australia |
| 14 | Runaway | Kanye West featuring Pusha T | United States |
| 15 | Barbra Streisand | Duck Sauce | Canada/United States |
| 16 | Mace Spray | The Jezabels | Australia |
| 17 | Bang Bang Bang | Mark Ronson & The Business Intl. featuring Q-Tip & MNDR | United Kingdom/United States |
| 18 | There's Nothing in the Water We Can't Fight | Cloud Control | Australia |
| 19 | Crave You | Flight Facilities featuring Giselle Rosselli | Australia |
| 20 | Sunday Best | Washington | Australia |
| 21 | Undercover Martyn | Two Door Cinema Club | United Kingdom |
| 22 | Jellylegs | Children Collide | Australia |
| 23 | Addicted | Bliss n Eso | Australia |
| 24 | Talking Like I'm Falling Down Stairs | Sparkadia | Australia |
| 25 | Eyes Wide Open | Gotye | Australia |
| 26 | Not in Love | Crystal Castles featuring Robert Smith | Canada/United Kingdom |
| 27 | You Got the Dirtee Love | Florence and the Machine & Dizzee Rascal | United Kingdom |
| 28 | Radar Detector | Darwin Deez | United States |
| 29 | It Can Wait | Illy featuring Owl Eyes | Australia |
| 30 | O.N.E. | Yeasayer | United States |
| 31 | Bloodbuzz Ohio | The National | United States |
| 32 | Pumped Up Kicks | Foster the People | United States |
| 33 | Solitude Is Bliss | Tame Impala | Australia |
| 34 | Punching in a Dream | The Naked and Famous | New Zealand |
| 35 | The Bike Song | Mark Ronson & The Business Intl. featuring Kyle Falconer & Spank Rock | United Kingdom/United States |
| 36 | Opposite of Adults | Chiddy Bang | United States |
| 37 | Doncamatic | Gorillaz | United Kingdom |
| 38 | Young Blood | The Naked and Famous | New Zealand |
| 39 | Revolution | John Butler Trio | Australia |
| 40 | Baby, I'm Gettin' Better | Gyroscope | Australia |
| 41 | Down by the River | Bliss n Eso | Australia |
| 42 | On Melancholy Hill | Gorillaz | United Kingdom |
| 43 | We No Speak Americano | Yolanda Be Cool & DCUP | Australia |
| 44 | Baptism | Crystal Castles | Canada |
| 45 | Rabbit Song | Boy & Bear | Australia |
| 46 | Way Back Home | Bag Raiders | Australia |
| 47 | Wild at Heart | Birds of Tokyo | Australia |
| 48 | Witchcraft | Pendulum | Australia |
| 49 | Easy to Love | The Jezabels | Australia |
| 50 | One Life Stand | Hot Chip | United Kingdom |
| 51 | Ambling Alp | Yeasayer | United States |
| 52 | Overpass | The John Steel Singers | Australia |
| 53 | Reflections | Bliss n Eso | Australia |
| 54 | Holidays | Miami Horror featuring Alan Palomo | Australia/United States |
| 55 | Giving Up the Gun | Vampire Weekend | United States |
| 56 | Bring Night | Sia | Australia |
| 57 | Kickstarts | Example | United Kingdom |
| 58 | The Suburbs | Arcade Fire | Canada |
| 59 | Rich Kids | Washington | Australia |
| 60 | My Eagle | Children Collide | Australia |
| 61 | Jackson's Last Stand | Ou Est le Swimming Pool | United Kingdom |
| 62 | Hold On | Angus & Julia Stone | Australia |
| 63 | Ready to Start | Arcade Fire | Canada |
| 64 | Jona Vark | Gypsy & The Cat | Australia |
| 65 | One Step | Dead Letter Circus | Australia |
| 66 | Audience | Cold War Kids | United States |
| 67 | Holiday | Vampire Weekend | United States |
| 68 | Dog | Andy Bull featuring Lisa Mitchell | Australia |
| 69 | Watercolour | Pendulum | Australia |
| 70 | Paper Romance | Groove Armada featuring Fenech-Soler & Saint Saviour | United Kingdom |
| 71 | The Piper's Song | Gypsy & The Cat | Australia |
| 72 | I Can Talk | Two Door Cinema Club | United Kingdom |
| 73 | Time to Wander | Gypsy & The Cat | Australia |
| 74 | Lucidity | Tame Impala | Australia |
| 75 | Coming Around | Hungry Kids of Hungary | Australia |
| 76 | Radioactive | Kings of Leon | United States |
| 77 | Shutterbugg | Big Boi featuring Cutty Cartel | United Kingdom |
| 78 | Stylo | Gorillaz featuring Bobby Womack & Mos Def | United Kingdom/United States |
| 79 | Slow Motion | Little Red | Australia |
| 80 | Howlin' for You | The Black Keys | United States |
| 81 | Echoes | Klaxons | United Kingdom |
| 82 | Tighten Up | The Black Keys | United States |
| 83 | Modern Man | Arcade Fire | Canada |
| 84 | The Hardest Part | Washington | Australia |
| 85 | I Feel Better | Hot Chip | United Kingdom |
| 86 | Queensland | Evil Eddie | Australia |
| 87 | The Saddest Thing I Know | Birds of Tokyo | Australia |
| 88 | Monster | Kanye West featuring Jay-Z, Rick Ross, Bon Iver & Nicki Minaj | United States/Trinidad and Tobago |
| 89 | Barricade | Interpol | United States |
| 90 | Finally See Our Way | Art vs. Science | Australia |
| 91 | Northcote (So Hungover) | The Bedroom Philosopher | Australia |
| 92 | I Can Change | LCD Soundsystem | United States |
| 93 | Anyone's Ghost | The National | United States |
| 94 | Time to Smile | Xavier Rudd | Australia |
| 95 | The High Road | Broken Bells | United States |
| 96 | Go Do | Jónsi | Iceland |
| 97 | Sleepwalker | Parkway Drive | Australia |
| 98 | Spanish Sahara | Foals | United Kingdom |
| 99 | Big | Dead Letter Circus | Australia |
| 100 | Neutron Star Collision (Love Is Forever) | Muse | United Kingdom |

### #101–#200 List

On 10 February 2011, Richard Kingsmill revealed the #101–#200 list on his blog.

| # | Song | Artist | Country of origin |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 101 | XXXO | M.I.A. | United Kingdom |
| 102 | Rill Rill | Sleigh Bells | United States |
| 103 | Miami | Foals | United Kingdom |
| 104 | Odessa | Caribou | Canada |
| 105 | Power | Kanye West | United States |
| 106 | Save Our Town | Philadelphia Grand Jury | Australia |
| 107 | All Summer | Kid Cudi, Best Coast & Rostam Batmanglij | United States |
| 108 | I \<3 U So | Cassius | France |
| 109 | Mowgli's Road | Marina & The Diamonds | United Kingdom |
| 110 | Colours | Grouplove | United States |
| 111 | Pyro | Kings of Leon | United States |
| 112 | Swoon | The Chemical Brothers | United Kingdom |
| 113 | Avalanche | British India | Australia |
| 114 | Katy on a Mission | Katy B | United Kingdom |
| 115 | From Above | Ben Folds & Nick Hornby | United States/United Kingdom |
| 116 | Tenderoni | Kele | United Kingdom |
| 117 | I Believe You Liar | Washington | Australia |
| 118 | Home | LCD Soundsystem | United States |
| 119 | Palaces of Montezuma | Grinderman | Australia |
| 120 | Through the Clover | Stonefield | Australia |
| 121 | Everything You Wanted | Kele | United Kingdom |
| 122 | Laredo | Band of Horses | United States |
| 123 | I Wish I Knew Natalie Portman | k-os | Canada |
| 124 | Close to You | John Butler Trio | Australia |
| 125 | Settle Down | Kimbra | New Zealand |
| 126 | 40 Day Dream | Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros | United States |
| 127 | Superfast Jellyfish | Gorillaz featuring De La Soul &Gruff Rhys | United Kingdom/United States |
| 128 | Boyfriend | Best Coast | United States |
| 129 | Anchors | The Amity Affliction | Australia |
| 130 | iFly | Ball Park Music | Australia |
| 131 | Hey Ya! *(Like a Version)* | Sarah Blasko | Australia |
| 132 | Drunk Girls | LCD Soundsystem | United States |
| 133 | The Show Goes On | Lupe Fiasco | United States |
| 134 | Your Love | The Aston Shuffle | Australia |
| 135 | Work | Bluejuice | Australia |
| 136 | Na Na Na (Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na) | My Chemical Romance | United States |
| 137 | Falling | The Cat Empire | Australia |
| 138 | All of the Lights | Kanye West featuring Rhianna & Kid Cudi | United States/Barbados |
| 139 | For You | Angus & Julia Stone | Australia |
| 140 | Meditation Song #2 (Why, Oh Why) | Cloud Control | Australia |
| 141 | What Do I Know About Pain? | Gyroscope | Australia |
| 142 | Dancing on My Own | Robyn | Sweden |
| 143 | Stop Trying | Sia | Australia |
| 144 | Snake Charmer | Bag Raiders | Australia |
| 145 | When You Walk in the Room | Fyfe Dangerfield | United Kingdom |
| 146 | Some of the Places I Know | Gyroscope | Australia |
| 147 | Symphonies | Dan Black featuring Kid Cudi | United Kingdom/United States |
| 148 | Parade of the Dead | Hilltop Hoods | Australia |
| 149 | Dance Yrself Clean | LCD Soundsystem | United States |
| 150 | Come Back Home | Two Door Cinema Club | United Kingdom |
| 151 | All These Things | Darren Hanlon | Australia |
| 152 | I Look to You | Miami Horror featuring Kimbra | Australia/New Zealand |
| 153 | Beneath The Satellites | British India | Australia |
| 154 | Death By Diamonds And Pearls | Band of Skulls | United Kingdom |
| 155 | American Slang | The Gaslight Anthem | United States |
| 156 | Shampain | Marina & The Diamonds | United Kingdom |
| 157 | Hold on My Heart (The Presets Remix) | Sarah Blasko | Australia |
| 158 | Derezzed | Daft Punk | France |
| 159 | Just Got Started | 360 featuring Pez | Australia |
| 160 | Forever and Ever, Amen | The Drums | United States |
| 161 | Alter Ego | Tame Impala | Australia |
| 162 | Circles | Birds of Tokyo | Australia |
| 163 | Get Some | Lykke Li | Sweden |
| 164 | King of the Beach | Wavves | United States |
| 165 | Down For the Count | Girl Talk | United States |
| 166 | Airplanes | Local Natives | United States |
| 167 | Falling Away | Big Scary | Australia |
| 168 | Celestica | Crystal Castles | Canada |
| 169 | Take Me Over | Cut Copy | Australia |
| 170 | Madder Red | Yeasayer | United States |
| 171 | Peek-A-Boo | Bertie Blackman | Australia |
| 172 | Saddest Summer | The Drums | United States |
| 173 | Tightrope | Janelle Monáe featuring Big Boi | United States |
| 174 | Family Affair | Bliss n Eso | Australia |
| 175 | Four Seasons in One Day | Paul Kelly & Angus Stone | Australia |
| 176 | Louder Than Ever | Cold War Kids | United States |
| 177 | Dark Fantasy | Kanye West | United States |
| 178 | No Surprises | Regina Spektor | United States |
| 179 | The Chase | Illy featuring Oliver Daysoul | Australia/United States |
| 180 | Bright Lights Bigger City | CeeLo Green | United States |
| 181 | This Orient | Foals | United Kingdom |
| 182 | Moon Theory | Miami Horror | Australia |
| 183 | This Too Shall Pass | OK Go | United States |
| 184 | Harmony To My Heartbeat | Sally Seltmann | Australia |
| 185 | Feeling's Gone | The Cat Empire | Australia |
| 186 | Lost in the World | Kanye West featuring Bon Iver | United States |
| 187 | Black Crow | Angus & Julia Stone | Australia |
| 188 | Crossfire | Brandon Flowers | United States |
| 189 | Wristwatch | Hungry Kids of Hungary | Australia |
| 190 | It's All My Fault | Nicholas Roy | Australia |
| 191 | Animal Rights | deadmau5 & Wolfgang Gartner | Canada/United States |
| 192 | Devil's Spoke | Laura Marling | United Kingdom |
| 193 | Youngbloods | The Amity Affliction | Australia |
| 194 | Sprawl II (Mountains Beyond Mountains) | Arcade Fire | Canada |
| 195 | Dirtee Disco | Dizzee Rascal | United Kingdom |
| 196 | Modern Day Addiction | Clare Bowditch & The New Slang | Australia |
| 197 | Memories | Weezer | United States |
| 198 | Mitsubitchi | The Subs | Belgium |
| 199 | Broken Bones | The Holidays | Australia |
| 200 | Doubt | Delphic | United Kingdom |

## Artists with multiple entries

| # | Artist | Entries |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 3 | Birds of Tokyo | 4, 47, 87 |
| | Mark Ronson & The Business Intl. | 10, 17, 35 |
| | Pendulum | 11, 48, 69 |
| | Washington | 20, 59, 84 |
| | Bliss n Eso | 23, 41, 53 |
| | Gorillaz | 37, 42, 78 |
| | Arcade Fire | 58, 63, 83 |
| | Gypsy & The Cat | 64, 71, 73 |
| 2 | Angus & Julia Stone | 1, 62 |
| | Little Red | 2, 79 |
| | Ou Est le Swimming Pool | 3, 61 |
| | Boy & Bear | 5, 45 |
| | Art vs. Science | 9, 90 |
| | Sia | 13, 56 |
| | Kanye West | 14, 88 |
| | The Jezabels | 16, 49 |
| | Two Door Cinema Club | 21, 72 |
| | Children Collide | 22, 60 |
| | Crystal Castles | 26, 44 |
| | Yeasayer | 30, 51 |
| | The National | 31, 93 |
| | Tame Impala | 33, 74 |
| | The Naked and Famous | 34, 38 |
| | Hot Chip | 50, 85 |
| | Vampire Weekend | 55, 67 |
| | Dead Letter Circus | 65, 99 |
| | The Black Keys | 80, 82 |

## Countries represented

| Country | # |
| --- | --- |
| Australia | 51 |
| United States | 26 |
| United Kingdom | 21 |
| Canada | 6 |
| New Zealand | 2 |
| Iceland | 1 |
| Sweden | 1 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 1 |

## Top 20 Albums of 2010

Triple J Listeners voted for their favorite album of 2010 in a similar format to the Hottest 100. Voters were allowed to vote for any album released in 2010 and were limited to ten votes.

**Bold** indicates the winner of the Hottest 100, while Tame Impala's *Innerspeaker* won the J Award.

| # | Artist | Album | Country of Origin | Tracks in the Hottest 100 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Arcade Fire | *The Suburbs* | Canada | 58, 63, 83 |
| 2 | Tame Impala | *Innerspeaker* | *Australia* | *33, 74* |
| 3 | **Angus & Julia Stone** | ***Down the Way*** | **Australia** | **1, 62 (42 in 2009)** |
| 4 | Vampire Weekend | *Contra* | United States | 55, 67 (22, 54 in 2009) |
| 5 | Cloud Control | *Bliss Release* | Australia | 18 |
| 6 | LCD Soundsystem | *This Is Happening* | United States | 92 |
| 7 | Washington | *I Believe You Liar* | Australia | 20, 59, 84 (67 in 2009) |
| 8 | The National | *High Violet* | United States | 31, 93 |
| 9 | Two Door Cinema Club | *Tourist History* | United Kingdom | 21, 72 |
| 10 | Yeasayer | *Odd Blood* | United States | 30, 51 |
| 11 | Kanye West | *My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy* | United States | 14, 88 |
| 12 | Birds of Tokyo | *Birds of Tokyo* | Australia | 4, 47, 87 |
| 13 | Mark Ronson & The Business Intl. | *Record Collection* | United Kingdom | 10, 17, 35 |
| 14 | Gorillaz | *Plastic Beach* | United Kingdom | 42, 78 |
| 15 | Sia | *We Are Born* | Australia | 13, 56 (72 in 2009) |
| 16 | Foals | *Total Life Forever* | United Kingdom | 98 |
| 17 | The Black Keys | *Brothers* | United States | 80, 82 |
| 18 | Little Red | *Midnight Remember* | Australia | 2, 79 |
| 19 | Children Collide | *Theory of Everything* | Australia | 22, 60 |
| 20 | Hungry Kids of Hungary | *Escapades* | Australia | 75 |

## CD Release

### DVD release

1. Angus & Julia Stone – "Big Jet Plane"
2. Little Red – "Rock It"
3. Ou Est Le Swimming Pool – "Dance the Way I Feel"
4. Birds of Tokyo – "Plans"
5. Adrian Lux – "Teenage Crime"
6. Cee-Lo Green – "Fuck You"
7. The Wombats – "Tokyo (Vampires & Wolves)"
8. Art vs. Science – "Magic Fountain"
9. Mark Ronson & the Business Intl. feat. Boy George & Andrew Wyatt – "Somebody to Love Me"
10. Drapht – "Rapunzel"
11. Sia – "Clap Your Hands"
12. Duck Sauce – "Barbra Streisand"
13. The Jezabels – "Mace Spray"
14. Cloud Control – "There's Nothing in the Water We Can't Fight"
15. Flight Facilities feat. Giselle – "Crave You"
16. Washington – "Sunday Best"
17. Two Door Cinema Club – "Undercover Martyn"
18. Children Collide – "Jellylegs"
19. Bliss n Eso – "Addicted"
20. Sparkadia – "Talking Like I'm Falling Down Stairs"
21. Gotye – "Eyes Wide Open"
22. Darwin Deez – "Radar Detector"
23. Illy feat. Owl Eyes – "It Can't Wait"
24. Yeasayer – "O.N.E."
25. The National – "Bloodbuzz Ohio"
26. Tame Impala – "Solitude is Bliss"
27. The Naked and Famous – "Punching in a Dream"
28. Chiddy Bang – "Opposite of Adults"
29. Gorillaz feat. Daley – "Doncomatic"
30. John Butler Trio – "Revolution"
31. Gyroscope – "Baby, I'm Gettin' Better"
32. Yolanda Be Cool vs. DCUP – "We Speak No Americano"
33. Boy & Bear – "Rabbit Song"
34. Bag Raiders – "Way Back Home"
35. Hot Chip – "One Life Stand"
36. The John Steel Singers – "Overpass"
37. Miami Horror feat. Alan Palamo – "Holidays"
38. Vampire Weekend – "Giving Up the Gun"
39. Arcade Fire – "The Suburbs"
40. Hungry Kids of Hungary – "Coming Around"
41. Big Boi feat. Cutty – "Shutterbugg"
42. Klaxons – "Echoes"
43. Evil Eddie – "Queensland"
44. The Bedroom Philosopher – "Northcote (So Hungover)"
45. Angus & Julia Stone – "Big Jet Plane (Live)"

## Trivia

1. Twice as a lead artist (48, 69), one remix (11)

## InfoBox

| 2010 Triple J Hottest 100 | |
| --- | --- |
| Album artwork for the CD compilation | |
| Countdown details | |
| Date of countdown | 26 January 2011 |
| Countdown highlights | |
| Winning song | Angus & Julia Stone
"Big Jet Plane" |
| Most entries | Birds of Tokyo
Mark Ronson & The Business Intl.
Pendulum
Washington
Bliss n Eso
Gorillaz
Arcade Fire
Gypsy & The Cat
(3 tracks) |
|


title: Triple J Hottest 100, 2015

abstract: The 2015 Triple J Hottest 100 was announced Australia Day, 26 January 2016. It is the 23rd countdown of the most popular songs of the year, as chosen by the listeners of Australian radio station Triple J. Voting commenced on 9 December 2015, and closed on 22 January 2016. Voters nominated ten songs that were released between December 2014 and November 2015 and submitted them through the Triple J website. Over 2 million votes were again cast, this year from 172 countries. 54 songs in the 2015 Hottest 100 are by Australian artists, with 26 artists of any nationality making their debut. Despite a betting agency's campaign aimed at getting Justin Bieber featured in the list, similar to 2014's #Tay4Hottest100, Triple J announced that no songs have been disqualified from the 2015 list.

text:
# Triple J Hottest 100, 2015

The **2015 Triple J Hottest 100** was announced Australia Day, 26 January 2016. It is the 23rd countdown of the most popular songs of the year, as chosen by the listeners of Australian radio station Triple J.

Voting commenced on 9 December 2015, and closed on 22 January 2016. Voters nominated ten songs that were released between December 2014 and November 2015 and submitted them through the Triple J website. Over 2 million votes were again cast, this year from 172 countries. 54 songs in the 2015 Hottest 100 are by Australian artists, with 26 artists of any nationality making their debut.

Despite a betting agency's campaign aimed at getting Justin Bieber featured in the list, similar to 2014's #Tay4Hottest100, Triple J announced that no songs have been disqualified from the 2015 list.

## Full list

|  | **Note**: Australian artists |
| --- | --- |

| # | Song | Artist | Country of origin |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Hoops | The Rubens | Australia |
| 2 | King Kunta | Kendrick Lamar | United States |
| 3 | Lean On | Major Lazer & DJ Snake featuring | United States/France/Denmark |
| 4 | The Less I Know the Better | Tame Impala | Australia |
| 5 | Let It Happen | Tame Impala | Australia |
| 6 | The Trouble with Us | Marcus Marr & Chet Faker | United Kingdom/Australia |
| 7 | Do You Remember | Jarryd James | Australia |
| 8 | The Buzz | Hermitude featuring Mataya & Young Tapz | Australia/New Zealand |
| 9 | Can't Feel My Face | The Weeknd | Canada |
| 10 | Magnets | Disclosure featuring Lorde | United Kingdom/New Zealand |
| 11 | Never Be | Meg Mac | Australia |
| 12 | You Were Right | RÜFÜS | Australia |
| 13 | Ocean Drive | Duke Dumont | United Kingdom |
| 14 | Hotline Bling | Drake | Canada |
| 15 | Like Soda | Violent Soho | Australia |
| 16 | Fire and the Flood | Vance Joy | Australia |
| 17 | Middle | DJ Snake featuring Bipolar Sunshine | France/United Kingdom |
| 18 | Downtown | Macklemore & Ryan Lewis featuring Eric Nally, Melle Mel, Kool Moe Dee & Grandmaster Caz | United States |
| 19 | The Hills | The Weeknd | Canada |
| 20 | Mountain at My Gates | Foals | United Kingdom |
| 21 | Magnolia | Gang of Youths | Australia |
| 22 | Keeping Score | LDRU featuring Paige IV | Australia |
| 23 | Embracing Me | SAFIA | Australia |
| 24 | Some Minds | Flume featuring Andrew Wyatt | Australia/United States |
| 25 | Shine On | The Amity Affliction | Australia |
| 26 | I Know There's Gonna Be (Good Times) | Jamie xx featuring Young Thug & Popcaan | United Kingdom/United States/Jamaica |
| 27 | Young | Vallis Alps | Australia/United States |
| 28 | Like an Animal | RÜFÜS | Australia |
| 29 | Greek Tragedy | The Wombats | United Kingdom |
| 30 | Say My Name | Peking Duk featuring Benjamin Joseph | Australia |
| 31 | Loud Places | Jamie xx featuring Romy | United Kingdom |
| 32 | Leave a Trace | Chvrches | United Kingdom |
| 33 | Long Loud Hours | Urthboy featuring Bertie Blackman | Australia |
| 34 | Eventually | Tame Impala | Australia |
| 35 | Counting Sheep | SAFIA | Australia |
| 36 | All My Friends | Snakehips featuring Tinashe & Chance the Rapper | United Kingdom/United States |
| 37 | Alright | Kendrick Lamar | United States |
| 38 | Delilah | Florence and the Machine | United Kingdom |
| 39 | Swear Jar | Illy | Australia |
| 40 | Ship to Wreck | Florence and the Machine | United Kingdom |
| 41 | Puppet Theatre | Claptone featuring Peter Bjorn and John | Germany/Sweden |
| 42 | Hold Me Down | Halsey | United States |
| 43 | Pedestrian at Best | Courtney Barnett | Australia |
| 44 | Something About You | Hayden James | Australia |
| 45 | Throne | Bring Me the Horizon | United Kingdom |
| 46 | Go | The Chemical Brothers featuring Q-Tip | United Kingdom/United States |
| 47 | Dynamite | Asta featuring Allday | Australia |
| 48 | Crushed | Parkway Drive | Australia |
| 49 | Too Much Time Together | San Cisco | Australia |
| 50 | Deception Bay | Boo Seeka | Australia |
| 51 | Clearest Blue | Chvrches | United Kingdom |
| 52 | Cream on Chrome | Ratatat | United States |
| 53 | Monday | Matt Corby | Australia |
| 54 | Working for It | ZHU, Skrillex & THEY. | United States |
| 55 | Multi-Love | Unknown Mortal Orchestra | New Zealand/United States |
| 56 | Alive | Sia | Australia |
| 57 | Foolish | Alpine | Australia |
| 58 | Vice Grip | Parkway Drive | Australia |
| 59 | Run | Alison Wonderland | Australia |
| 60 | Kamikaze |  | Denmark |
| 61 | 'Cause I'm a Man | Tame Impala | Australia |
| 62 | Omen | Disclosure featuring Sam Smith | United Kingdom |
| 63 | Walk the Wire | Boy & Bear | Australia |
| 64 | L$D | A$AP Rocky | United States |
| 65 | Don't Wanna Fight | Alabama Shakes | United States |
| 66 | M.O.B. | Tkay Maidza | Australia |
| 67 | Give Me a Try | The Wombats | United Kingdom |
| 68 | Shutdown | Skepta | United Kingdom |
| 69 | Forces | Japanese Wallpaper featuring Airling | Australia |
| 70 | What Kind of Man | Florence and the Machine | United Kingdom |
| 71 | Flesh Without Blood | Grimes | Canada |
| 72 | Anchor | Birds of Tokyo | Australia |
| 73 | Once | Ngaiire | Papua New Guinea/ Australia |
| 74 | Powerful | Major Lazer featuring Ellie Goulding & Tarrus Riley | United States/United Kingdom/Jamaica |
| 75 | Elevator Operator | Courtney Barnett | Australia |
| 76 | Suddenly | British India | Australia |
| 77 | Lay Down | DMA's | Australia |
| 78 | Weathered | Jack Garratt | United Kingdom |
| 79 | Wolves | The Cat Empire | Australia |
| 80 | Everyday | A$AP Rocky featuring Rod Stewart, Miguel & Mark Ronson | United States/United Kingdom |
| 81 | Big Jet Plane (*Like a Version*) | Tuka | Australia |
| 82 | Depreston | Courtney Barnett | Australia |
| 83 | Down to Earth | Flight Facilities | Australia |
| 84 | Delete (*Like a Version*) | Sticky Fingers | Australia |
| 85 | Heart Attack | Flight Facilities featuring Owl Eyes | Australia |
| 86 | Happy Song | Bring Me the Horizon | United Kingdom |
| 87 | Begin Again | Purity Ring | Canada |
| 88 | Party Machine | The Bennies | Australia |
| 89 | High by the Beach | Lana Del Rey | United States |
| 90 | Gemini | What So Not featuring George Maple | Australia |
| 91 | Be Your Shadow | The Wombats | United Kingdom |
| 92 | No One | Golden Features featuring Thelma Plum | Australia |
| 93 | Indian Summer | Jai Wolf | United States |
| 94 | Ghost | Halsey | United States |
| 95 | Nobody Really Cares If You Don't Go to the Party | Courtney Barnett | Australia |
| 96 | Rumour Mill | Rudimental featuring Anne-Marie & Will Heard | United Kingdom |
| 97 | Twilight Driving | Methyl Ethel | Australia |
| 98 | Be Together | Major Lazer featuring Wild Belle | United States |
| 99 | True Friends | Bring Me the Horizon | United Kingdom |
| 100 | Hell Boy | Seth Sentry | Australia |

### #101–#200 List

On 31 January 2016, Triple J broadcast the second 100 songs of the countdown.

| # | Song | Artist | Country of Origin |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 101 | Call Me | Mosquito Coast | Australia |
| 102 | Distant Past | Everything Everything | United Kingdom |
| 103 | Innerbloom | Rüfüs | Australia |
| 104 | Breathe Life | Jack Garratt | United Kingdom |
| 105 | On Fire | Carmada featuring Maribelle | Australia |
| 106 | Pretty Pimpin | Kurt Vile | United States |
| 107 | Like You Want To | Kita Alexander | Australia |
| 108 | So Into You (*Like a Version*) | Childish Gambino | United States |
| 109 | 40oz. on Repeat | Fidlar | United States |
| 110 | The Love Within | Bloc Party | United Kingdom |
| 111 | Dumb | Seth Sentry | Australia |
| 112 | Bend | Chet Faker | Australia |
| 113 | U Dont Know | Alison Wonderland featuring Wayne Coyne | Australia/United States |
| 114 | Dead Fox | Courtney Barnett | Australia |
| 115 | Run | Seth Sentry | Australia |
| 116 | Empty Threat | Chvrches | United Kingdom |
| 117 | What Went Down | Foals | United Kingdom |
| 118 | Through the Roof | Hermitude featuring Young Tapz | Australia/New Zealand |
| 119 | Emoticons | The Wombats | United Kingdom |
| 120 | White Dress | Set Mo featuring Deutsche Duke | Australia |
| 121 | Hallelujah | The Rubens | Australia |
| 122 | The Moment | Tame Impala | Australia |
| 123 | Kingdom Leader | Boo Seeka | Australia |
| 124 | Fool | Boo Seeka | Australia |
| 125 | My Own Way | Kita Alexander | Australia |
| 126 | Should Have Known Better | Sufjan Stevens | United States |
| 127 | Heart Is Full | Miike Snow | Sweden |
| 128 | The Wolf | Mumford & Sons | United Kingdom |
| 129 | Electric Indigo | The Paper Kites | Australia |
| 130 | Dancin John Doe | Drapht | Australia |
| 131 | Two Weeks (*Like a Version*) | #1 Dads | Australia |
| 132 | Damn Baby | Alpine | Australia |
| 133 | House Every Weekend | David Zowie | United Kingdom |
| 134 | Heartburn | Wafia | Australia |
| 135 | Girl | The Internet featuring Kaytranada | United States/Haiti/Canada |
| 136 | Take It to Reality | Alison Wonderland featuring Safia | Australia |
| 137 | Rabbit Run | City Calm Down | Australia |
| 138 | These Walls | Kendrick Lamar featuring Bilal, Anna Wise & Thundercat | United States |
| 139 | Breakaway | In Hearts Wake | Australia |
| 140 | Searchlight | Hermitude featuring Yeo | Australia |
| 141 | The Night Is on My Side | The Rubens | Australia |
| 142 | Games | Alison Wonderland | Australia |
| 143 | Give Me Something | Jarryd James | Australia |
| 144 | Speak Easy | Mansionair | Australia |
| 145 | Believe | Mumford & Sons | United Kingdom |
| 146 | I'd Go with You Anywhere | Birds of Tokyo | Australia |
| 147 | Crystals | Of Monsters and Men | Iceland |
| 148 | Hold | Vera Blue | Australia |
| 149 | Regardless | Jarryd James featuring Julia Stone | Australia |
| 150 | Tattoo | Tuka | Australia |
| 151 | Paper Trail$ | Joey Bada$$ | United States |
| 152 | Be Right There | Diplo & Sleepy Tom | United States/Canada |
| 153 | Limit of Love | Boy & Bear | Australia |
| 154 | T-Shirt Weather | Circa Waves | United Kingdom |
| 155 | Baby Blue | Action Bronson featuring Chance the Rapper | United States |
| 156 | My Star | Tuka | Australia |
| 157 | West Coast | Fidlar | United States |
| 158 | Bodyache | Purity Ring | Canada |
| 159 | Walk with Me | Cosmo's Midnight featuring Kučka | Australia |
| 160 | Queen of Peace | Florence and the Machine | United Kingdom |
| 161 | Aerial Love | Daniel Johns | Australia |
| 162 | Love Me Badder | Elliphant | Sweden |
| 163 | The Alley | E^ST | Australia |
| 164 | Skeletons | The Amity Affliction | Australia |
| 165 | Holding On | Disclosure featuring Gregory Porter | United Kingdom/United States |
| 166 | Ghost | Tkay Maidza | Australia |
| 167 | Not Many (*Like a Version*) | One Day | Australia |
| 168 | New Romantics | Hands Like Houses | Australia |
| 169 | Asleep in the Machine | Bootleg Rascal | Australia |
| 170 | Ghost Town | Sticky Fingers | Australia |
| 171 | Cuffed and Collared | Bad//Dreems | Australia |
| 172 | Abrasive | Ratatat | United States |
| 173 | Underflow | Emma Louise | Australia |
| 174 | Love Again | Ta-ku featuring JMSN & Sango | Australia/United States |
| 175 | Psycho | Muse | United Kingdom |
| 176 | In Plain Sight | Dead Letter Circus | Australia |
| 177 | Magic | San Cisco | Australia |
| 178 | Snow | San Cisco | Australia |
| 179 | Losers | The Weeknd featuring Labrinth | Canada/United Kingdom |
| 180 | Ditmas | Mumford & Sons | United Kingdom |
| 181 | Dreams | Beck | United States |
| 182 | The Blacker the Berry | Kendrick Lamar | United States |
| 183 | Automatic | Zhu & AlunaGeorge | United States/United Kingdom |
| 184 | Restraint & Release | Gang of Youths | Australia |
| 185 | Get Down | Jess Kent | Australia |
| 186 | All Day | Kanye West featuring Theophilus London, Allan Kingdom & Paul McCartney | United States/Trinidad and Tobago/Canada/United Kingdom |
| 187 | Nightlight | Silversun Pickups | United States |
| 188 | Kooky Eyes | The Jungle Giants | Australia |
| 189 | Clip My Wings | Montaigne | Australia |
| 190 | Apollo | Last Dinosaurs | Australia |
| 191 | Radioface | Gang of Youths | Australia |
| 192 | Read My Mind (*Like a Version*) | Catfish and the Bottlemen | United Kingdom |
| 193 | Bottom Feeder | Parkway Drive | Australia |
| 194 | Talking to My Diary | Dr. Dre | United States |
| 195 | Hurricane | Halsey | United States |
| 196 | Electrical | Eves the Behavior | Australia |
| 197 | Horses | Porches | Australia |
| 198 | Can't Get Enough of Myself | Santigold featuring B.C. | United States |
| 199 | The Way You'd Love Her | Mac DeMarco | United States |
| 200 | Preach | Daniel Johns | Australia |

## Artists with multiple entries

| # | Artist | Tracks |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 4 | Tame Impala | 4, 5, 34, 61 |
| | Courtney Barnett | 43, 75, 82, 95 |
| 3 | Major Lazer | 3, 74, 98 |
| | The Wombats | 29, 67, 91 |
| | Florence and the Machine | 38, 40, 70 |
| | Bring Me the Horizon | 45, 86, 99 |
| 2 | Kendrick Lamar | 2, 37 |
| | DJ Snake | 3, 17 |
| |  | 3, 60 |
| | The Weeknd | 9, 19 |
| | Disclosure | 10, 62 |
| | RÜFÜS | 12, 28 |
| | SAFIA | 23, 35 |
| | Flume | 24, 90 |
| | Jamie xx | 26, 31 |
| | Chvrches | 32, 51 |
| | Halsey | 42, 94 |
| | Parkway Drive | 48, 58 |
| | A$AP Rocky | 64, 80 |
| | Thelma Plum | 81, 92 |
| | Flight Facilities | 83, 85 |

## Countries represented

| Country | Total |
| --- | --- |
| Australia | 54 |
| United Kingdom | 26 |
| United States | 20 |
| Canada | 5 |
| New Zealand | 3 |
| Jamaica | 2 |
| Denmark | 2 |
| France | 2 |
| Germany | 1 |
| Papua New Guinea | 1 |
| Sweden | 1 |

* The Rubens are the first winning artist since Augie March in 2006 to only feature once in the countdown. Their next closest entry was "Hallelujah" at number 121, which was announced in the "second Hottest 100" (places 200 to 101), revealed on 31 January.
    + The Rubens are also the second Unearthed artist to win the Hottest 100 after Vance Joy in 2013.
* Ngaiire is the first Papua New Guinean to chart in the Hottest 100 countdown.
* The song "Delete" by DMA's charted in the countdown for the second year in a row after a cover by Sticky Fingers featured at number 84. Similarly "Big Jet Plane" by Angus & Julia Stone which won the countdown in 2010 came in at number 81 with a cover by Tuka.
* The 2015 list features 11 different nationalities, breaking the record of 10 from 2013 and 2014.
* With their two entries in this year's list Flight Facilities have now had seven songs from their album *Down to Earth* in the countdown. This equals the record set by Wolfmother from their debut *Wolfmother*.
* The song "Cream On Chrome" by Ratatat is the only instrumental song to make the countdown, and is the 5th instrumental song to appear in the Hottest 100 since 1999.
* "Twilight Driving" by Methyl Ethel (#97) and "Be Together" by Major Lazer featuring Wild Belle (#98) were mistakenly played in the wrong order.
* Illy made his seventh consecutive appearance in the Hottest 100, having appeared in every annual countdown since 2009. Similarly, Flight Facilities made their sixth consecutive appearance, having appeared since 2010.

## CD release

| Triple J's Hottest 100 Volume 23 | |
| --- | --- |
| Compilation album by Various artists | |
| Released | 26 February 2016 |
| Label | Triple J, ABC Music |

## Top 10 Albums of 2015

A poll of Triple J listeners' favourite albums of the year was held in December 2015. Melbourne singer-songwriter Courtney Barnett won the J Award for her album.

|  | **Note**: Australian artists |
| --- | --- |

**Bold** indicates winner.

| # | Artist | Album | Country of origin | Tracks in the Hottest 100 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Tame Impala | *Currents* | Australia | 4, 5, 34, 61 |
| 2 | Courtney Barnett | *Sometimes I Sit and Think, and Sometimes I Just Sit* | Australia | 43, 75, 82, 95 |
| 3 | Kendrick Lamar | *To Pimp a Butterfly* | United States | 2, 37, (53 in 2014) |
| 4 | Florence and the Machine | *How Big, How Blue, How Beautiful* | United Kingdom | 38, 40, 70 |
| **5** | **The Rubens** | ***Hoops*** | **Australia** | **1** |
| 6 | Gang of Youths | *The Positions* | Australia | 21 |
| 7 | Foals | *What Went Down* | United Kingdom | 20 |
| 8 | Jamie xx | *In Colour* | United Kingdom | 26, 31 |
| 9 | The Wombats | *Glitterbug* | United Kingdom | 29, 67, 91, (25 in 2013) |
| 10 | San Cisco | *Gracetown* | Australia | 49, (33 in 2014) |

1. Once with Major Lazer (3), once as a lead artist (17)
2. Once solo (60), and once with Major Lazer (3)
3. Once solo (24), and once with What So Not (90)
4. Once with Tuka (81), and once with Golden Features (92)

## InfoBox

| 2015 Triple J Hottest 100 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Countdown details | |
| Date of countdown | 26 January 2016 |
| Countdown highlights | |
| Winning song | The Rubens
"Hoops" |
| Most entries | Tame Impala
Courtney Barnett
(4 tracks) |
|


title: Louis Victor Robert Schwartzkopff

abstract: Louis Victor Robert Schwartzkopff was a German industrialist and founder of the Berliner Maschinenbau (BMAG) mechanical engineering company, chiefly known as manufacturer of steam locomotives.

text:
# Louis Victor Robert Schwartzkopff

**Louis Victor Robert Schwartzkopff** (5 June 1825 - 7 March 1892) was a German industrialist and founder of the Berliner Maschinenbau (BMAG) mechanical engineering company, chiefly known as manufacturer of steam locomotives.

## Life

Louis Schwartzkopff was born in Magdeburg, then capital of the Prussian province of Saxony. Between 1831 and 1842 he attended the grammar school in Magdeburg as well as the trade school there, where he, together with Carl Wilhelm Siemens, studied mathematics under Carl’s brother, Werner von Siemens. From 1842 to 1845 Schwartzkopff attended the trade institute (*Gewerbeinstitut*) founded by Wilhelm Beuth in Berlin. After that he did his practical training at the firm of Borsig, where he got to know August Borsig personally. Schwartzkopff finished his training with a six-month post as an engine driver on the Berlin-Hamburg Railway. Between 1847 and 1851 he was the chief mechanical engineer (*Maschinenmeister*) of the Magdeburg-Wittenberge Railway.

With the support of his family he bought the site at Chausseestrasse 20, which was bordered to the south by Invalidenstrasse and to the east by the Berlin-Stettin Railway. Under the terrain of the latter is the underground S-Bahn station called Nordbahnhof.

On 3 October 1852 he founded, together with the then Berliner Gießereimeister Nitsche the Schwartzkopff and Nitsche Iron Foundry & Engineering Works (*Eisengießerei and Maschinenfabrik Schwartzkopff and Nitsche*) in Berlin, from which the Berliner Maschinenbau AG vorm. L. Schwartzkopff emerged in 1870. Schwartzkopff wanted above all to expand the engineering works, whilst Nitsche preferred to concentrate on artistic castings. So Schwartzkopff bought Nitsche out in 1853 and from then on ran the firm as the only owner. Until 30 June 1888 he was the general manager of the company, but then pulled out of the firm entirely.

The company's production in support of the military and the railway industry resulted, in the 1860s, in Schwartzkopff being granted the title of *Kommerzienrat*, a historical title conferred on distinguished industrialists or financiers. In 1867, when the production of goods locomotives for the Lower Silesian-Märkische Railway began, Schwartzkopff moved the general engineering side of the business to a newly acquired site in Ackerstrasse, whilst the core business expanded on the previous sites at Chausseestrasse 19 and 23. Schwartzkopff had also acquired the site at Scheringstrasse 13-28 in Berlin-Gesundbrunnen.

At the end of the 1880s Schwartzkopff was appointed to the Council of State for the Prussian Government (*Staatsrat der Preußischen Regierung*). On 7 March 1892 he died as the result of a stroke. During his life Schwartzkopff always held his master, August Borsig, in high esteem.

Schwartzkopff was curator of the Lazarus Hospital. Schwartzkopffstrasse in Berlin-Mitte was named in his honour on 12 March 1889.

He was buried at the Dorotheenstadt cemetery in Berlin.

1. Kirsche, Hans-Joachim (1978). *Lexicon der Eisenbahn* (5th ed.). transpress.
2. *Langenscheidt Muret-Sanders Großwörterbuch Englisch*, Teil II, Deutsch-Englisch, Langenscheidt, Berlin and Munich, 2004. ISBN 3-468-02126-7.

## Sources


title: Louis Vicat

abstract:
Louis Vicat was a French engineer. He graduated from the École Polytechnique in 1804 and the École des Ponts et Chaussées in 1806. Vicat studied the setting of mortars and developed his own. The first building using it is the bridge at Souillac (Dordogne), erected in 1818.
The material was popular but was superseded by Portland cement. He also invented the Vicat needle that is still in use for determining the setting time of concretes and cements. His son Joseph Vicat founded Vicat Cement, which is today a large international cement manufacturing company. He was a member of the French Academy of Sciences and his name is one of the 72 names inscribed on the Eiffel Tower. Vicat was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1855.

text:
# Louis Vicat

**Louis Vicat** (31 March 1786, Nevers – 10 April 1861, Grenoble) was a French engineer.

He graduated from the École Polytechnique in 1804 and the École des Ponts et Chaussées in 1806.

Vicat studied the setting of mortars and developed his own. The first building using it is the bridge at Souillac (Dordogne), erected in 1818. The material was popular but was superseded by Portland cement. He also invented the Vicat needle that is still in use for determining the setting time of concretes and cements. His son Joseph Vicat founded Vicat Cement, which is today a large international cement manufacturing company.

He was a member of the French Academy of Sciences and his name is one of the 72 names inscribed on the Eiffel Tower. Vicat was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1855.

* Guy Coriono (1997) *250 ans de l'École des Ponts et Chaussées en cent portraits*. 222 pp. Presses de l'École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, Paris, ISBN 2-85978-271-0.
* Antoine Picon (1997) *L'art de l'Ingénieur. Constructeur, entrepreneur, inventeur*. 598 pp. Editions du Centre Pompidou, Paris, ISBN 2-85850-911-5.


title: Trimethylarsine (data page)

text:
# Trimethylarsine (data page)

This page provides supplementary chemical data on Trimethylarsine.

## Material Safety Data Sheet

The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source such as SIRI, and follow its directions.

## Structure and properties

| Structure and properties | |
| --- | --- |
| Index of refraction, *n*D | ? |
| Abbe number | ? |
| Dielectric constant, εr | ? ε0 at ? °C |
| Bond strength | ? |
| Bond length | ? |
| Bond angle | ? |
| Magnetic susceptibility | ? |
|

## Thermodynamic properties

| Phase behavior | |
| --- | --- |
| Triple point | ? K (? °C), ? Pa |
| Critical point | ? K (? °C), ? Pa |
| Std enthalpy change
of fusion, Δfus*H*~~o~~ | ? kJ/mol |
| Std entropy change
of fusion, Δfus*S*~~o~~ | ? J/(mol·K) |
| Std enthalpy change
of vaporization, Δvap*H*~~o~~ | ? kJ/mol |
| Std entropy change
of vaporization, Δvap*S*~~o~~ | ? J/(mol·K) |
| Solid properties | |
| Std enthalpy change
of formation, Δf*H*~~o~~solid | ? kJ/mol |
| Standard molar entropy,
*S*~~o~~solid | ? J/(mol K) |
| Heat capacity, *cp* | ? J/(mol K) |
| Liquid properties | |
| Std enthalpy change
of formation, Δf*H*~~o~~liquid | ? kJ/mol |
| Standard molar entropy,
*S*~~o~~liquid | ? J/(mol K) |
| Heat capacity, *cp* | ? J/(mol K) |
| Gas properties | |
| Std enthalpy change
of formation, Δf*H*~~o~~gas | ? kJ/mol |
| Standard molar entropy,
*S*~~o~~gas | ? J/(mol K) |
| Heat capacity, *cp* | ? J/(mol K) |
|

## Spectral data

| UV-Vis | |
| --- | --- |
| λmax | ? nm |
| Extinction coefficient, ε | ? |
| IR | |
| Major absorption bands | ? cm1 |
| NMR | |
| Proton NMR |  |
| Carbon-13 NMR |  |
| Other NMR data |  |
| MS | |
| Masses of
main fragments | 103, 105, 120, 89 |
|

This box:


title: Loyola-Notre Dame, Baltimore

abstract: Loyola-Notre Dame is a neighborhood located in Baltimore, Maryland. The neighborhood is named after the two universities that occupy most of the area: Notre Dame of Maryland University and Loyola University Maryland. The neighborhood is also home to the Evergreen House owned by Johns Hopkins University. The neighborhood covers all the area owned by the two universities and Evergreen House. The neighborhood does not cover a uniform area, but does have a relative definition. The northern boundary is Homeland Avenue. The eastern boundary varies among Millbrook Road, Underwood Road and other small streets. The Radnor Village, Thomas Aquinas Hall, and Loyola Public system are also included in the neighborhood despite being separated from the rest of the Loyola campus by the Radnor-Winston and Villages of Homeland neighborhoods. The southern border is Cold Spring Lane and the western border is primarily North Charles Street. Loyola extends via a pedestrian bridge over North Charles Street along Cold Spring Lane to Stony Run stream. The Loyola Fitness and Aquatics center is also across North Charles Street. The neighborhood is unique in having a very small permanent population, but housing over 4,000 students.

text:
# Loyola-Notre Dame, Baltimore

**Loyola-Notre Dame** is a neighborhood located in Baltimore, Maryland. The neighborhood is named after the two universities that occupy most of the area: Notre Dame of Maryland University and Loyola University Maryland. The neighborhood is also home to the Evergreen House owned by Johns Hopkins University. The neighborhood covers all the area owned by the two universities and Evergreen House. The neighborhood does not cover a uniform area, but does have a relative definition. The northern boundary is Homeland Avenue. The eastern boundary varies among Millbrook Road, Underwood Road and other small streets. The Radnor Village, Thomas Aquinas Hall, and Loyola Public system are also included in the neighborhood despite being separated from the rest of the Loyola campus by the Radnor-Winston and Villages of Homeland neighborhoods. The southern border is Cold Spring Lane and the western border is primarily North Charles Street. Loyola extends via a pedestrian bridge over North Charles Street along Cold Spring Lane to Stony Run stream. The Loyola Fitness and Aquatics center is also across North Charles Street. The neighborhood is unique in having a very small permanent population, but housing over 4,000 students.

39°21′05″N 76°36′58″W / 39.35149°N 76.6161°W / 39.35149; -76.6161

## InfoBox

| Loyola-Notre Dame | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighborhood of Baltimore | |
| View from pedestrian bridge over Charles Street near Cold Spring Lane in the Loyola-Notre Dame neighborhood, Baltimore | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Maryland |
| City | Baltimore |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| Area Codes | 410, 443, 667 |


title: Love Affair (unreleased film)

abstract: Love Affair is an unreleased Indian Bollywood biographical film directed by Soni Razdan under the T-Series and Fish Eye Network Pvt Ltd banners. The principal photography of the film commenced in January 2016.

text:
# Love Affair (unreleased film)

***Love Affair*** is an unreleased Indian Bollywood biographical film directed by Soni Razdan under the T-Series and Fish Eye Network Pvt Ltd banners. The principal photography of the film commenced in January 2016.

## Plot

The film is based on the 1959 Nanavati murder case. The story revolves around K M Nanavati. The film may not be released as it may have been shelved.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Love Affair | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Soni Razdan |
| Starring | See below |
| Production
companies | T-Series
Fish Eye Network Pvt Ltd |
| Distributed by | T-Series
Fish Eye Network Pvt Ltd |
| Country | India |
| Language | Hindi |


title: Triple jump at the Olympics

abstract: The triple jump at the Summer Olympics is grouped among the four track and field jumping events held at the multi-sport event. The men's triple jump has been present on the Olympic athletics programme since the first Summer Olympics in 1896. The women's triple jump is one of the more recent additions to the programme, having been first contested in 1996. It became the third Olympic jumping event for women after the high jump and long jump. The Olympic records for the event are 18.09 m for men, set by Kenny Harrison in 1996, and 15.67 m for women, set by Yulimar Rojas in 2021. The men's triple jump world record was broken at the competition in 1924, 1932, 1936, 1956 and 1968. At the 1968 Summer Olympics, three men improved the record a total of five times at the high altitude of Mexico City. The women's world record was broken at the Olympics in Tokyo in 2021. James Brendan Connolly was the first Olympic triple jump champion and, as it was the first event to conclude in 1896, he was also the first Olympic champion of the modern era. Inessa Kravets, the world record holder, became the first women's champion 100 years later at the Atlanta Games. Portuguese Pedro Pichardo and Venezuelan Yulimar Rojas are the reigning Olympic champions from 2020. Viktor Saneyev is the event's most successful athlete as he was Olympic champion three times consecutively from 1968 to 1976, as well as runner-up in 1980. Françoise Mbango Etone is the only woman to win two Olympic triple jump titles. Saneyev, Vilho Tuulos and Olga Rypakova are the only three athletes to have won more than two Olympic medals in the event. The United States is the most successful nation in the event, with eight gold medals. The Soviet Union is the next most successful, with four golds. A short-lived standing triple jump variant of the event was contested in 1900 and 1904 and standing jumps specialist Ray Ewry won both gold medals.

text:
# Triple jump at the Olympics

The **triple jump at the Summer Olympics** is grouped among the four track and field jumping events held at the multi-sport event. The men's triple jump has been present on the Olympic athletics programme since the first Summer Olympics in 1896. The women's triple jump is one of the more recent additions to the programme, having been first contested in 1996. It became the third Olympic jumping event for women after the high jump and long jump.

The Olympic records for the event are 18.09 m (59 ft 4 in) for men, set by Kenny Harrison in 1996, and 15.67 m (51 ft 4+34 in) for women, set by Yulimar Rojas in 2021. The men's triple jump world record was broken at the competition in 1924, 1932, 1936, 1956 and 1968. At the 1968 Summer Olympics, three men improved the record a total of five times at the high altitude of Mexico City. The women's world record was broken at the Olympics in Tokyo in 2021.

James Brendan Connolly was the first Olympic triple jump champion and, as it was the first event to conclude in 1896, he was also the first Olympic champion of the modern era. Inessa Kravets, the world record holder, became the first women's champion 100 years later at the Atlanta Games. Portuguese Pedro Pichardo and Venezuelan Yulimar Rojas are the reigning Olympic champions from 2020.

Viktor Saneyev is the event's most successful athlete as he was Olympic champion three times consecutively from 1968 to 1976, as well as runner-up in 1980. Françoise Mbango Etone is the only woman to win two Olympic triple jump titles. Saneyev, Vilho Tuulos and Olga Rypakova are the only three athletes to have won more than two Olympic medals in the event. The United States is the most successful nation in the event, with eight gold medals. The Soviet Union is the next most successful, with four golds.

A short-lived standing triple jump variant of the event was contested in 1900 and 1904 and standing jumps specialist Ray Ewry won both gold medals.

## Medalists

### Men

| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |

| 1896 Athens
 | James Brendan Connolly
United States | Alexandre Tuffère
France | Ioannis Persakis
Greece |
| 1900 Paris
 | Myer Prinstein
United States | James Brendan Connolly
United States | Lewis Sheldon
United States |
| 1904 St. Louis
 | Myer Prinstein
United States | Fred Englehardt
United States | Robert Stangland
United States |
| 1908 London
 | Tim Ahearne
Great Britain | Garfield MacDonald
Canada | Edvard Larsen
Norway |
| 1912 Stockholm
 | Gustaf Lindblom
Sweden | Georg Åberg
Sweden | Erik Almlöf
Sweden |
| 1920 Antwerp
 | Vilho Tuulos
Finland | Folke Jansson
Sweden | Erik Almlöf
Sweden |
| 1924 Paris
 | Nick Winter
Australia | Luis Brunetto
Argentina | Vilho Tuulos
Finland |
| 1928 Amsterdam
 | Mikio Oda
Japan | Levi Casey
United States | Vilho Tuulos
Finland |
| 1932 Los Angeles
 | Chūhei Nambu
Japan | Erik Svensson
Sweden | Kenkichi Oshima
Japan |
| 1936 Berlin
 | Naoto Tajima
Japan | Masao Harada
Japan | Jack Metcalfe
Australia |
| 1948 London
 | Arne Åhman
Sweden | George Avery
Australia | Ruhi Sarıalp
Turkey |
| 1952 Helsinki
 | Adhemar da Silva
Brazil | Leonid Shcherbakov
Soviet Union | Asnoldo Devonish
Venezuela |
| 1956 Melbourne
 | Adhemar da Silva
Brazil | Vilhjálmur Einarsson
Iceland | Vitold Kreyer
Soviet Union |
| 1960 Rome
 | Józef Szmidt
Poland | Vladimir Goryaev
Soviet Union | Vitold Kreyer
Soviet Union |
| 1964 Tokyo
 | Józef Szmidt
Poland | Oleg Fedoseyev
Soviet Union | Viktor Kravchenko
Soviet Union |
| 1968 Mexico City
 | Viktor Saneyev
Soviet Union | Nelson Prudêncio
Brazil | Giuseppe Gentile
Italy |
| 1972 Munich
 | Viktor Saneyev
Soviet Union | Jörg Drehmel
East Germany | Nelson Prudêncio
Brazil |
| 1976 Montreal
 | Viktor Saneyev
Soviet Union | James Butts
United States | João Carlos de Oliveira
Brazil |
| 1980 Moscow
 | Jaak Uudmäe
Soviet Union | Viktor Saneyev
Soviet Union | João Carlos de Oliveira
Brazil |
| 1984 Los Angeles
 | Al Joyner
United States | Mike Conley
United States | Keith Connor
Great Britain |
| 1988 Seoul
 | Khristo Markov
Bulgaria | Igor Lapshin
Soviet Union | Aleksandr Kovalenko
Soviet Union |
| 1992 Barcelona
 | Mike Conley
United States | Charles Simpkins
United States | Frank Rutherford
Bahamas |
| 1996 Atlanta
 | Kenny Harrison
United States | Jonathan Edwards
Great Britain | Yoelbi Quesada
Cuba |
| 2000 Sydney
 | Jonathan Edwards
Great Britain | Yoel García
Cuba | Denis Kapustin
Russia |
| 2004 Athens
 | Christian Olsson
Sweden | Marian Oprea
Romania | Danil Burkenya
Russia |
| 2008 Beijing
 | Nelson Évora
Portugal | Phillips Idowu
Great Britain | Leevan Sands
Bahamas |
| 2012 London
 | Christian Taylor
United States | Will Claye
United States | Fabrizio Donato
Italy |
| 2016 Rio de Janeiro
 | Christian Taylor
United States | Will Claye
United States | Dong Bin
China |
| 2020 Tokyo
 | Pedro Pichardo
Portugal | Zhu Yaming
China | Hugues Fabrice Zango
Burkina Faso |
| 2024 Paris
 | Jordan Díaz Fortún
Spain | Pedro Pichardo
Portugal | Andy Díaz Hernández
Italy |

#### Multiple medalists

| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Olympics | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Viktor Saneyev | Soviet Union (URS) | 1968–1980 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
| 2 | Myer Prinstein | United States (USA) | 1900–1904 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| | Adhemar da Silva | Brazil (BRA) | 1952–1956 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| | Józef Szmidt | Poland (POL) | 1960–1964 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| | Christian Taylor | United States (USA) | 2012–2016 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 6 | James Brendan Connolly | United States (USA) | 1896–1900 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| | Mike Conley, Sr. | United States (USA) | 1984–1992 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| | Jonathan Edwards | Great Britain (GBR) | 1996–2000 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| | Pedro Pichardo | Portugal (POR) | 2020–2024 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 10 | Vilho Tuulos | Finland (FIN) | 1920–1928 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| 11 | Will Claye | United States (USA) | 2012–2016 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 12 | Nelson Prudencio | Brazil (BRA) | 1968–1972 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 13 | Erik Almlöf | Sweden (SWE) | 1912–1920 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| | Vitold Kreyer | Soviet Union (URS) | 1956–1960 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| | João Carlos de Oliveira | Brazil (BRA) | 1976–1980 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |

#### Medalists by country

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | United States (USA) | 8 | 8 | 2 | 18 |
| 2 | Soviet Union (URS) | 4 | 5 | 4 | 13 |
| 3 | Sweden (SWE) | 3 | 3 | 2 | 8 |
| 4 | Japan (JPN) | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| 5 | Great Britain (GBR) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
| 6 | Brazil (BRA) | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 |
| 7 | Portugal (POR) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| 8 | Poland (POL) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 9 | Australia (AUS) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 10 | Finland (FIN) | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| 11 | Bulgaria (BUL) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | Spain (ESP) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 13 | China (CHN) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| | Cuba (CUB) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 15 | Argentina (ARG) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | Canada (CAN) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | East Germany (GDR) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | France (FRA) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | Iceland (ISL) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | Romania (ROU) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 21 | Italy (ITA) | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 22 | Bahamas (BAH) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| | Russia (RUS) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 24 | Burkina Faso (BUR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Greece (GRE) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Norway (NOR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Turkey (TUR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Venezuela (VEN) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
|

### Women

| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |

| 1996 Atlanta
 | Inessa Kravets
Ukraine | Inna Lasovskaya
Russia | Šárka Kašpárková
Czech Republic |
| 2000 Sydney
 | Tereza Marinova
Bulgaria | Tatyana Lebedeva
Russia | Olena Hovorova
Ukraine |
| 2004 Athens
 | Françoise Mbango Etone
Cameroon | Hrysopiyí Devetzí
Greece | Tatyana Lebedeva
Russia |
| 2008 Beijing
 | Françoise Mbango Etone
Cameroon | Olga Rypakova
Kazakhstan | Yargelis Savigne
Cuba |
| 2012 London
 | Olga Rypakova
Kazakhstan | Caterine Ibargüen
Colombia | Olha Saladukha
Ukraine |
| 2016 Rio de Janeiro
 | Caterine Ibargüen
Colombia | Yulimar Rojas
Venezuela | Olga Rypakova
Kazakhstan |
| 2020 Tokyo
 | Yulimar Rojas
Venezuela | Patrícia Mamona
Portugal | Ana Peleteiro
Spain |
| 2024 Paris
 | Thea LaFond
Dominica | Shanieka Ricketts
Jamaica | Jasmine Moore
United States |

#### Multiple medalists

| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Olympics | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Françoise Mbango Etone | Cameroon (CMR) | 2004–2008 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2 | Olga Rypakova | Kazakhstan (KAZ) | 2008–2016 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 3 | Caterine Ibargüen | Colombia (COL) | 2012–2016 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 4 | Yulimar Rojas | Venezuela (VEN) | 2016–2020 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 5 | Tatyana Lebedeva | Russia (RUS) | 2000–2008 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
|

#### Medalists by country

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Cameroon (CMR) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2 | Kazakhstan (KAZ) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 3 | Colombia (COL) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| | Venezuela (VEN) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 5 | Ukraine (UKR) | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| 6 | Bulgaria (BUL) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | Dominica (DMA) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 8 | Russia (RUS) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 9 | Greece (GRE) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | Jamaica (JAM) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | Portugal (POR) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 12 | Czech Republic (CZE) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Cuba (CUB) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Spain (ESP) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | United States (USA) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |

## Standing triple jump

| Standing triple jump
at the Olympic Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Ray Ewry at the 1900 Summer Olympics | |
| Overview | |
| Sport | Athletics |
| Gender | Men |
| Years held | Men: 19001904 |
| Olympic record | |
| Men | 10.58 m Ray Ewry (1900) |

In 1900 and 1904 a variation of the event was contested at the Olympics where athletes had to triple jump from a standing position. This was one of three standing jumps to have featured on the Olympic programme, alongside the standing high jump and the standing long jump (both running from 1900 to 1912).

The standing jump competitions were dominated by Ray Ewry, who won the 1900 Olympic standing triple jump title and defended it four years later. His clearance of 10.58 m (34 ft 8+12 in) to win the inaugural competition went unbettered as the Olympic record for the event. Ewry took Olympic three gold medals in standing jumps in both 1900 and 1904, then won the standing high and long jumps at the 1908 Olympics, as well as the 1906 Intercalated Games.

Standing jump events had been a relatively common type of athletics event at the end of the 19th century, but became increasingly rare at top level national and international competitions as the 20th century progressed. The standing triple jump was the least common of the standing jumps and the Olympics remains the only major international competition to have featured the event.

| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1900 Paris
 | Ray Ewry (USA) | Irving Baxter (USA) | Robert Garrett (USA) |
| 1904 St. Louis
 | Ray Ewry (USA) | Charles King (USA) | Joseph Stadler (USA) |

Participation and athlete data Olympic record progressions Specific

## InfoBox

| Triple jump
at the Olympic Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Willie Banks in the 1988 Olympic triple jump competition | |
| Overview | |
| Sport | Athletics |
| Gender | Men and women |
| Years held | Men: 18962020
Women: 19962020 |
| Olympic record | |
| Men | 18.09 m Kenny Harrison (1996) |
| Women | 15.67 m Yulimar Rojas (2021) |
| Reigning champion | |
| Men | Jordan Díaz (ESP) |
| Women | Thea LaFond (DMA) |


title: Louis Couffignal

abstract: Louis Pierre Couffignal was a French mathematician and cybernetics pioneer, born in Monflanquin. He taught in schools in the southwest of Brittany, then at the naval academy and, eventually, at the Buffon School.

text:
# Louis Couffignal

**Louis Pierre Couffignal** (16 March 1902 – 4 July 1966) was a French mathematician and cybernetics pioneer, born in Monflanquin. He taught in schools in the southwest of Brittany, then at the naval academy and, eventually, at the Buffon School.

## Biography

After joining the school, Couffignal hesitated to write a thesis on Symbolic Logic but after his meetings with Philbert Maurice d'Ocagne, he decided to focus on machines and on Mechanical Logic.

He published a variety of notes at the Academy of Sciences, with a focus on using binary computation by machines to solve new problems. Following Leibniz, he promoted binary numbers as the basis of calculating machines. Couffignal received his Doctorate of Sciences in 1938 with his thesis on Mechanical Analysis, demonstrating applications for machines to calculate celestial mechanics. Couffignal took on an interest in Cybernetics, influenced by his meetings with Louis Lapicque in 1941 and the cyberneticist Norbert Wiener in 1946.

With Lapicque, Couffignal compared the functioning of the nervous system and that of machines, as Wiener prepared his book *Cybernetics*, the book that established the foundations for the subject.

Between 1938 and 1960, Couffignal was the director of the Blaise Pascal Calculation Center. In 1945, he was named Inspector General of Public Teaching. In 1951, Couffignal prepared an international conference on thinking machines to bring together the greatest specialists in this new science, including Norbert Wiener, W. Ross Ashby, Warren McCulloch, etc. As Inspector General, he created the first BTS teaching degree in France.

## Publications

Couffignal wrote several books and articles. A selection:

* *Les machines à calculer. Leurs principes. Leur évolution*.
* 1952, *Les machines à penser*. Couffignal Éditions de Minuit.
* 1956, "Essai d’une définition générale de la cybernétique", The First International Congress on Cybernetics, Namur, Belgium, June 26–29, 1956, Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 1958, pp. 46–54
* 1968, *Le dossier de la cybernétique* – Marabout Université 1968
* 1972, *La cybernétique et ses théoriciens* – Delpech J.L Ed. Casterman.
* 1978, *La cybernétique, Presses Universitaires France.*

## InfoBox

| Louis Couffignal | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1902-03-16)16 March 1902<br>Monflanquin, Lot-et-Garonne, France |
| Died | 4 July 1966(1966-07-04) (aged 64) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Mathematics and cybernetics |
| Institutions | Blaise Pascal Calculation Center |
| Thesis | (1938) |
| Doctoral advisor | Ernest Esclangon |
|  | |


title: Trimohini Sangam

abstract: Trimohini Sangam is a confluence of rivers located near Kursela village in Katihar district, Bihar state, India. There the river Koshi meets with the Ganges, with which a small stream of Kalbalia river originates. Trimohini Sangam is one of the 12 banks on which the ashes of Mahatma Gandhi were immersed on 12 February 1948. In order to develop this place as a tourist destination, the Bihar State Tourism Department approved a plan of Rs 3.50 crore in the 2017-18 financial year.

text:
# Trimohini Sangam

**Trimohini Sangam** is a confluence of rivers located near Kursela village in Katihar district, Bihar state, India. There the river Koshi meets with the Ganges, with which a small stream of Kalbalia river originates. Trimohini Sangam is one of the 12 banks on which the ashes of Mahatma Gandhi were immersed on 12 February 1948.

In order to develop this place as a tourist destination, the Bihar State Tourism Department approved a plan of Rs 3.50 crore in the 2017-18 financial year.

## Attractions

This area has been named as Sunder Nagar by Sangam Baba for the coast. The construction of a temple has been started for the establishment of Raneshwar Kamna Linga near this site.

* Guide Dam Lake: the shore bandh done on the banks of Koshi, a tributary of Trimohini Sangam, which is known as Guide Dam Lake. More than 150 species of birds are present.
* Baba Bateshwarnath Temple: near the Sangam is the temple of Baba Bateshwarnath.
* Maghi Purnima Mela: a \[mMelā\]\] is held annually at Trimohini Sangam on the occasion of Maghi Purnima. Thousands of devotees from many districts of Bihar and also from Nepal reach Trimohini Sangam for bathing in the Ganges.
* Kartik Purnima: pilgrims from India and abroad bathe at Trimohini Sangam on Kartik Purnima.

### Mahatma Gandhi's Samadhi Sthal

After the death of Mahatma Gandhi, his ashes were immersed on 12 February 1948 at Trimohini Sangam beach, along with 12 other Sangam beaches of the country. An agricultural fair used to be held at the beach every year to commemorate it.

### Proposed tourism development plan

In January 2021, a development plan was proposed to build a cafeteria, pathway, parking lot, entrance, and water supply in the area. The estimated time to completion was two years.


title: Lovelace Stamer

abstract: The Right Reverend Sir Lovelace Tomlinson Stamer, 3rd Baronet, VD was the first Anglican Bishop of Shrewsbury in the modern era.

text:
# Lovelace Stamer

The Right Reverend **Sir Lovelace Tomlinson Stamer, 3rd Baronet**, VD (18 October 1829  29 October 1908) was the first Anglican Bishop of Shrewsbury in the modern era.

## Early life and education

Lovelace Stamer was born in York into an Anglo-Irish noble family, the son of Sir Lovelace Stamer, 2nd baronet and his wife Caroline Tomlinson. He succeeded to the family baronetcy, originally created in 1809 for his grandfather, twice Lord Mayor of Dublin, following the death of his father in 1860.

He was educated at Rugby and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he took part in his college's first rowing crew and graduated BA in 1835 and MA in 1856. He was later awarded the degree of Doctor of Divinity (DD) in 1888.

## Career

Stamer was Ordained priest in 1855, and began his career with curacies at Clay Cross, Derbyshire, in 1853-54 and Turvey in 1854. There then followed a short spell as Curate-in-charge at Long Melford, Suffolk.

In 1858, Stamer succeeded his uncle, J W Tomlinson, as Rector of Stoke-on-Trent, a position he was to hold for 34 years. When he arrived at Stoke, there was one Anglican parish church (now known as Stoke Minster) in the growing Potteries town. He led an improvement in local ministry to the area, leaving it with four Anglican churches, and five school or mission churches.

Stamer was also keenly interested in education, helping found night schools for working men in 1863, and was Chairman of the Stoke Schools Board from its founding in 1871. He took part in local government by serving as Chief Bailiff of Stoke (equivalent to the later mayor of the borough) in 1867–68. He was from 1860 honorary chaplain to the area's volunteer infantry force, later the 1st Volunteer Battalion, North Staffordshire Regiment, and was ultimately awarded the Volunteer Decoration (VD).

Stamer was made a prebendary of Lichfield Cathedral in 1875 and served as Archdeacon of Stoke from 1877 until he was elevated to the episcopate in 1888 as Suffragan Bishop of Shrewsbury. In Shrewsbury he was known for protesting over urban housing conditions and, as chaplain to its corporation, municipal corruption, for almost two decades until retiring due to illness in 1906. Whilst he was Bishop of Shrewsbury, he was also Rector of St Chad's Church, Shrewsbury from 1892 to 1896 and then of Edgmond from 1896 to 1905. In the latter parish, he built new schools for local children, founded a working men's club and reading rooms, and paid for a new water supply system

## Marriage and children

On 16 April 1857 Stamer married Ellen Isabel Dent (1837 - 1933), daughter of Joseph Dent of Ribston Hall, Yorkshire. They had eight children:

* Ellen Caroline Stamer (29 January 1858 - 27 March 1946)
* Lt Col Sir Lovelace Stamer, 4th Baronet (4 April 1859 - 1 October 1941)
* The Reverend Frederick Charles Stamer (28 August 1860 - 14 May 1952)
* Mabel Frederica Stamer (12 July 1862 - 16 April 1918)
* William Edward Stamer (25 January 1864 - 16 December 1945)
* The Reverend Reginald Dent Stamer (2 September 1865 - 4 February 1951)
* Arthur Cowie Stamer (7 March 1869 - 14 February 1944)
* Evelyn Lucinda Stamer (9 April 1871 - 2 May 1958)

## Death

Stamer died at Penkridge, Staffordshire on 29 October 1908 at the age of 79 and was buried in Stoke at Hartshill Cemetery. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son, Lovelace. A hundred years on from his death, his contribution to the area was honoured at a centenary service.


title: Mars Geyser Hopper

abstract: The Mars Geyser Hopper (MGH) was proposed in 2012 as a NASA design reference mission for a Discovery-class spacecraft concept that would investigate the springtime carbon dioxide Martian geysers found in regions around the south pole of Mars. The power technology that MGH proposed to use was the Advanced Stirling radioisotope generator (ASRG). NASA finished the ASRG design and made one test unit of the device but the program was concluded by the mid-2010s. Neither InSight nor any of the next Discovery's semi-finalists use the ASRG or an RTG due to high demand and limited supply of the type of plutonium it relies on.

text:
# Mars Geyser Hopper

The **Mars Geyser Hopper** (MGH) was proposed in 2012 as a NASA design reference mission for a Discovery-class spacecraft concept that would investigate the springtime carbon dioxide Martian geysers found in regions around the south pole of Mars.

The power technology that MGH proposed to use was the Advanced Stirling radioisotope generator (ASRG). NASA finished the ASRG design and made one test unit of the device but the program was concluded by the mid-2010s. Neither InSight nor any of the next Discovery's semi-finalists use the ASRG or an RTG due to high demand and limited supply of the type of plutonium it relies on.

## Background

The Discovery program was started in the 1990s following discussions at NASA for a new program, and has achieved such missions as *Genesis*, *Deep Impact* and *Kepler* among others; this is the program this mission was designed for selection in, at least initially.

One of the first unmanned robotic spacecraft to do a hop was Surveyor 6 lunar lander, which successfully soft landed on the Moon 1967 and conducted a post-landing hop. Another possibly for a hopper mission may be Saturn's moon *Enceladus*. Hoppers are noted for their ability to potentially visit different landing sites. Another hopper-type mission was the Comet Hopper, which won a Discovery semi-finalist award to study a hopping mission to the Comet 46P/Wirtanen.

There was some speculation in 2012 that the Geyser Hopper mission could be flown after the InSight Mars lander.

## Mission overview

The mission was projected to cost US$350 million and to meet a cost cap of no more than US$425 million, not including the launch cost. In order to reduce the cost and minimize risk, the spacecraft concept is based on a previous spacecraft design, the Mars Phoenix lander, which has a demonstrated flight heritage that incorporates soft landing capability and incorporates a restartable rocket propulsion system, suitable to be repurposed for this mission requirements.

The spacecraft would land at a target landing area near the south pole of Mars, where geysers exist over a stretch of several hundred kilometers with densities of at least one geyser every 1 to 2 kilometres (0.62 to 1.24 mi) and have the ability to "hop" at least twice from its landed location after a summertime landing to reposition itself close to a geyser site, and wait through the winter until the first sunlight of spring to witness first-hand the Martian geyser phenomenon and investigate the debris pattern and channel.

Martian geysers are unlike any terrestrial geological phenomenon. The shapes and unusual spider appearance of these features have stimulated a variety of scientific hypotheses about their origin, ranging from differences in frosting reflectance, to explanations involving biological processes. However, all current geophysical models assume some sort of geyser-like activity. Their characteristics and formation process are still a matter of debate.

The seasonal frosting and defrosting of CO2 ice results in the appearance of a number of features, such dark dune spots with spider-like rilles or channels below the ice, where spider-like radial channels are carved between the ground and ice, giving it an appearance of spider webs, then, pressure accumulating in their interior ejects gas and dark basaltic sand or dust, which is deposited on the ice surface and thus, forming dark dune spots. This process is rapid, observed happening in the space of a few days, weeks or months, a growth rate rather unusual in geology – especially for Mars.

### Mission concept

The primary mission duration, starting from launch, is 30 months, comprising 8 months of interplanetary cruise followed by a primary mission of 22 months (one Mars year) on the surface. The spacecraft will enter the atmosphere, and make a rocket-powered soft landing in a region of the south pole where geysers are known to form. This landing will take place during the polar summer, when the surface is free of ice. The predicted landing ellipse is 20 by 50 kilometres (12 mi × 31 mi) and hence the landing will be targeted to a region, and not to a specific geyser location. During the first post-landing phase, it will conduct science operations to characterize the landing site, to understand the surface geology of the area during the ice-free summer period.

The spacecraft will then stow its science instruments and re-ignite the engines for a first hop of a distance of up to 2 kilometers (1.2 mi). This hop is designed to place the lander in a location where it can directly probe the geyser region, examining the surface at a spot where a geyser had been.

Once again, the spacecraft will stow its instruments and activate the engines for a second hop, a distance of ~100 meters (330 ft). This hop will place the lander onto the winter-over site, a spot chosen to be a relatively high elevation where the lander can get a good view of the surroundings, close to but not located on the site of a known geyser, and outside the fall-out pattern of the expected debris plume. The spacecraft will characterize the local area during the remaining sunlight, and then go into "winter-over mode". The lander will continue to transmit engineering status data and meteorological reports during the winter, but will not conduct major science operations.

On the arrival of polar spring, the lander will study the geyser phenomenon from the location selected for optimum viewing. Automated geyser detection on board the spacecraft will scan the environment, although the routine imagery will be buffered on the spacecraft, images will not be relayed to Earth until the spacecraft detects a geyser. This triggers high-speed, high-resolution imagery, including LIDAR characterization of particle motion and infrared spectroscopy. Simultaneously, the science instruments will do chemical analysis of any fallout particles spewed onto the surface of the lander.

Geysers erupt at a rate of about one a day during peak springtime season. If more than one is detected simultaneously, the spacecraft algorithm will focus on the nearest or "best". The lander will continue this primary geyser science for a period of about 90 days. Tens of geyser observations are expected over the spring/summer season. Extended mission operations, if desired, would continue the observation through a full Martian year and into the second Martian summer.

The hopper concept could also be used for exploration missions other than the polar geyser observation mission discussed here. The ability to make multiple rocket-powered hops from an initial landing location to a science region of interest would be valuable across a large range of terrain on Mars, as well as elsewhere in the Solar System, and would demonstrate a new form of rover with the ability to traverse far more rugged terrain than any previous missions, a mission concept that would be applicable to exploration of many planets and moons.

## Spacecraft

### Power source

The geyser phenomenon occurs following an extended period of complete darkness, and the geysers themselves occur at the beginning of polar spring, when temperatures are in the range of −150 °C (−238 °F), and the sun angle is only a few degrees above the horizon. The extreme environment, low Sun angles during the geyser occurrence, and the fact that it would be desirable to emplace the probe well before the occurrence of the geysers, during a period of no sunlight, makes this a difficult environment for the use of solar arrays as the primary power source. Thus, this is an attractive mission for use of the Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator (ASRG) with a mass of 126 kilograms (278 lb) including a Li-ion battery for use during Entry/Descent/Landing (EDL) as well as during the hops when there is a short duration requirement for additional power. However, the ASRG development was cancelled by NASA in 2013.

### Propulsion

Hopping propulsion is based on the Phoenix landing system, using integrated hydrazine monopropellant blow-down system with 15 Aerojet MR-107N thrusters with Isp 230 sec for landing and hopping. RCS is four pairs of Aerojet MR-103D thrusters at 215 sec Isp, and one Aerojet MR-102 thruster at 220 sec Isp. The system will be fueled with 191 kg of propellant.

### Communication

The lander will communicate through X-band direct to Earth on cruise deck for transit; it will then use UHF antenna. Imaging and all data relaying would be coordinated with the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter operations team.

### Scientific instruments

The science instruments include stereo cameras (MastCam) to view the geyser events and a robotic arm (from Phoenix) to dig beneath the soil surface and gather soil samples for chemical analysis on the Hopper. A light detection and ranging instrument (LIDAR), a landing camera and a thermal spectrometer for remote geological analysis as well as weather sensing are included.

* This article incorporates content copied from NASA sources.

## InfoBox

Mars Geyser Hopper
| CAD model of the Mars Geyser Hopper, as landed (left) and as packaged inside aeroshell with cruise stage attached (right) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Mission type | Mars lander |
| Operator | NASA |
| Mission duration | One Martian year (22 months) on the surface. |
|  | |
|  | |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Launch mass | 1,092 kg (2,407 lb)
Lander: 500 kg (1,100 lb) |
| Power | Solar array for 150 W,
Lander: ASRG for 133 W |
|  | |
|  | |
| Mars lander | |
| Landing site | South pole of Mars |
|  | |
|  | |


abstract: Saints Peter and Paul Italian Catholic Church and Rectory is a historic church building on Columbus Avenue at East Jefferson Street in Sandusky, Ohio. It is home to a parish of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo. The current Pastor of Sts. Peter & Paul is Fr. Monte Hoyles. The Associate Pastors are Fr. Chris Turner and Fr. Prashanth Kumar. Sts. Peter & Paul has three Deacons; Deacon Phil Dinovo, Deacon Jeff Claar, and Deacon Bill Burch.

text:
# Saints Peter and Paul Catholic Church (Sandusky, Ohio)

**Saints Peter and Paul Italian Catholic Church and Rectory** is a historic church building on Columbus Avenue at East Jefferson Street in Sandusky, Ohio. It is home to a parish of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo. The current Pastor of Sts. Peter & Paul is Fr. Monte Hoyles. The Associate Pastors are Fr. Chris Turner and Fr. Prashanth Kumar. Sts. Peter & Paul has three Deacons; Deacon Phil Dinovo, Deacon Jeff Claar, and Deacon Bill Burch.

## History

It was built in 1866 and added to the National Register in 1983. The Church was built by local Italian-Americans who immigrated to this country in the mid to late 1800's. Many Italianate features that can be detected in this church, are the many statues, the Stations of the Cross which were built in Italy, the Altar which is made of marble from Italy, and the intricate stain glass windows on the sides of the church, as well as the five behind the altar depicting, from L-R, St. Peter, The Last Supper, The Risen Christ, The Crucifixion, and St. Paul. University of Notre Dame football coach, Knute Rockne, was married in this church in 1914.

## Patrons

Sts. Peter & Paul Italian Catholic Church celebrates their parish feast day on June 29, the Solemnity of Sts. Peter and Paul. These two leading saints are considered the founders of the See of Rome, through their preaching, ministry, and martyrdom there. There are two stain glass windows behind the sanctuary in the center apse featuring St. Peter & St. Paul. Also, you may find two statues in the South apse near the Holy Face Of Jesus, of St. Peter & St. Paul.

## Organ

The Organ at Sts. Peter & Paul Italian Catholic Church is a 1981 Shantz Pipe Organ. It was installed in 1981. It has 1,591 pipes with 27 ranks. It has an electro-pneumatic chest with 4 divisions, 3 manuals, 21 stops, and 38 registers. It is in good condition and is used at all masses. This organ is state of the art. The organ is prominently featured in the center apse, behind the sanctuary.

## Liturgy

Music: Sts. Peter & Paul has a Pipe Organ and a Baby Grand Piano near the Sanctuary. There is an adult choir (with around 12 members) who sing at the 10:00 AM Sunday mass.

Liturgy: There are various volunteer liturgies at Sts. Peter & Paul, these include; Mass Coordinators, Ushers/Greeters, Communion Distributors, Servers, and Lectors.

## Committees

Sts. Peter & Paul Roman Catholic Church has numerous advisory boards that advise the Pastor on day-to-day operation of the parish. These committees include; Pastoral Council, Finance Committee, Buildings & Grounds Committee, and Arts & Environment Committee.

## Diocese Of Toledo

Sts. Peter & Paul Roman Catholic Church is located in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo. The Diocese is shepherded by The Most Holy Rev. Bishop Daniel E. Thomas. He has served as bishop since 2014. The Diocese of Toledo covers the Northwestern parts of the State of Ohio. Our Lady, Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral is the mother church of the diocese. The Diocese contains about 319,907 Catholics in an area population of 1,465,561.

## Sts. Peter & Paul Parish Festival

Sts. Peter & Paul formerly held a parish festival every year on the feast day of St. Peter & St. Paul. It was held in the Sts. Peter & Paul School parking lot. Spaghetti dinners were served inside the school in the cafeteria. Games, fellowship, food, and faith were all a part of the Sts. Peter & Paul Parish Festival. The festival was permanently cancelled in the late 2000's due to lack of involvement and interest.

## InfoBox

| Sts. Peter & Paul Italian Catholic Church | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 41°27′8″N 82°42′32″W / 41.45222°N 82.70889°W / 41.45222; -82.70889 | |
| Location | Columbus Ave. at E. Jefferson St., Sandusky, Ohio |
| Clergy | |
| Pastor(s) | Fr. Monte Hoyles |
|  | |
|  | |
| Saints Peter and Paul Catholic Church | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Area | 0 acres (0 ha) |
| Built | 1865 |
| Architect | Patrick Charles Keely |
| Architectural style | Gothic, Italianate |
| MPS | Sandusky MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 83001963 |
| Added to NRHP | January 20, 1983 |
|  | |


title: Re Bond Worth Ltd

abstract: Re Bond Worth Ltd [1980] Ch 228 is a UK insolvency law case, concerning retention of title clauses.

text:
# Re Bond Worth Ltd

***Re Bond Worth Ltd*** \[1980\] Ch 228 is a UK insolvency law case, concerning retention of title clauses.

## Facts

Bond Worth Ltd was a carpet manufacturing company. It bought man-made fibres from Monsanto Ltd and used them to make carpets. The conditions of sale included a "retention of title" clause. Bond Worth Ltd went into receivership when a large sum of money was owing to Monsanto Ltd under various contracts containing the "title" clause. Monsanto Ltd notified the receivers of their claim. The receivers contested whether the retention of title clause was valid.

The joint receivers issued summons for determination claiming that (1) although the clause referred to "equitable and beneficial ownership" it did not have the effect of creating a bare trust for the benefit of the sellers, but rather it created a floating equitable charge in favour of the sellers; and (2) such a floating charge created by the buyer company would therefore be registerable, and so was void if not registered (as was in fact the case).

## Trial

The trial lasted a total of 15 days. Notable counsel who appeared included Jeremiah Harman QC and Elizabeth Gloster.

## Judgment

Slade J held the clause, which referred to "equitable and beneficial ownership", did not create a bare trust for Monsanto's benefit, but did create a floating equitable charge. This followed from *Coburn v Collins* (1887) 35 ChD 373 and *Illingworth v Houldsworth* \[1903\] 2 Ch 284 was applied. *Aluminium Industrie Vaassen BV v Romalpa Aluminium* \[1976\] 1 WLR 676 was distinguished. Because the floating charge was created by the buyer company and therefore registrable, it was void for non-registration.

*

## InfoBox

| Re Bond Worth Ltd | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Court | High Court |
| Decided | 12 February 1979 |
| Citation | \[1980\] Ch 228 |
| Court membership | |
| Judge sitting | Slade J |
| Keywords | |
|  | |


title: Fortson, Georgia

abstract: Fortson is a suburban community located in southern Harris County, Georgia, United States, with a small portion of the community extending into northern Muscogee County. The smaller portion of the community in Muscogee County is in the city of Columbus.

text:
# Fortson, Georgia

**Fortson** is a suburban community located in southern Harris County, Georgia, United States, with a small portion of the community extending into northern Muscogee County. The smaller portion of the community in Muscogee County is in the city of Columbus.

## Location

The community is located along the Harris-Muscogee County line north of the Bradley Park Drive area, and is generally bounded by Biggers Rd and Williams Rd to the south, the Alabama state line to the west, Mountain Hill Rd to the north in Harris County, and U.S. Route 27 to the east. Many upscale homes and neighborhoods are in this area, mainly off of Fortson, Wooldridge, and Whitesville Rds.

## Education

The community is home to one of the seven schools served by the Harris County School District:

### Elementary schools

* New Mountain Hill Elementary School
* North Columbus Elementary School

### Middle School

* Veteran Memorial Middle School

### High School

* Northside High School

The community was used as a filming location for the MSNBC reality television series *To Catch a Predator*.

## InfoBox

| Fortson, Georgia | |
| --- | --- |
| Suburban community | |
| FortsonFortson | |
| Coordinates: 32°36′25.2″N 84°56′13.2″W / 32.607000°N 84.937000°W / 32.607000; -84.937000 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Georgia |
| County | Harris, Muscogee |
| Elevation | 515 ft (157 m) |
| Population (2022) | |
| Total | 8,573 |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 31808 |
| Area code | 706 |
| GNIS feature ID | 355883 |


title: OR6Y1

abstract: Olfactory receptor 6Y1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR6Y1 gene. Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms.

text:
# OR6Y1

**Olfactory receptor 6Y1** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *OR6Y1* gene.

Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms.

## Further reading

*This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.*

## InfoBox

| OR6Y1 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | OR6Y1, OR1-11, OR6Y2, olfactory receptor family 6 subfamily Y member 1 | | |
| External IDs | MGI: 3030054; HomoloGene: 67062; GeneCards: OR6Y1; OMA:OR6Y1 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001005189<br>NM\_001386050   NM\_207694   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001005189   NP\_997577   Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 158.54 – 158.55 Mb Chr 1: 174.27 – 174.28 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Foix–Alajouanine syndrome

abstract: Foix–Alajouanine syndrome, also called subacute ascending necrotizing myelitis, is a disease caused by an arteriovenous malformation of the spinal cord. In particular, most cases involve dural arteriovenous malformations that present in the lower thoracic or lumbar spinal cord. The condition is named after Charles Foix and Théophile Alajouanine who first described the condition in 1926.

text:
# Foix–Alajouanine syndrome

**Foix–Alajouanine syndrome**, also called **subacute ascending necrotizing myelitis**, is a disease caused by an arteriovenous malformation of the spinal cord. In particular, most cases involve dural arteriovenous malformations that present in the lower thoracic or lumbar spinal cord. The condition is named after Charles Foix and Théophile Alajouanine who first described the condition in 1926.

## Signs and symptoms

The patients can present with symptoms indicating spinal cord involvement such as (paralysis of arms and legs, numbness and loss of sensation and sphincter dysfunction), and pathological examination reveals disseminated nerve cell death in the spinal cord.

## Diagnosis

Clinically, the patient may present with neurological symptoms such as numbness, weakness, loss of reflexes, or even sudden or progressive paralysis. The affected portion of the body will correlate to where the lesion lies within the spinal cord. The disease typically has an insidious onset, but symptoms may manifest suddenly. A thorough physical exam may lead a physician toward targeted imaging, with MRI being the most appropriate imaging modality for initial diagnosis. A spinal MRA will serve as a superior imaging technique to visualize the extent of the arteriovenous malformation within the cord and may be especially useful if surgical treatment is attempted.

## Treatment

Surgical treatment may be attempted with endovascular embolization or ligation of the arteriovenous malformation within the spinal cord.Corticosteroids may be used acutely to help slow the progression of symptoms or they may be used chronically in a poor surgical candidate. In either case, physical therapy will be an important part of the recovery process in helping the patient regain strength and coordination.

## InfoBox

| Foix–Alajouanine syndrome | |
| --- | --- |
| Other names | Familial osteosclerosis with abnormalities of the nervous system and meninges |
|  | |
| T2 weighted MRI showing an arteriovenous malformation indicated by the cursor | |
| Specialty | Neurology |


title: Młynek, Silesian Voivodeship

abstract: Młynek is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Poczesna, within Częstochowa County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) west of Poczesna, 10 km (6 mi) south of Częstochowa, and 53 km (33 mi) north of the regional capital Katowice.

text:
# Młynek, Silesian Voivodeship

**Młynek** \[ˈmwɨnɛk\] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Poczesna, within Częstochowa County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) west of Poczesna, 10 km (6 mi) south of Częstochowa, and 53 km (33 mi) north of the regional capital Katowice.

## InfoBox

| Młynek | |
| --- | --- |
| Settlement | |
|  | |
| Młynek | |
| Coordinates: 50°43′N 19°5′E / 50.717°N 19.083°E / 50.717; 19.083 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Silesian |
| County | Częstochowa |
| Gmina | Poczesna |
| Population | 28 |


title: North–South Wales railway

abstract: A North–South Wales railway, also known as Traws Link Cymru is a proposed rail service line that would link North and South Wales via a western rail line from Swansea to Bangor. This includes re-opening the Carmarthen–Aberystwyth and the Bangor–Afon Wen line.

text:
# North–South Wales railway

A **North–South Wales railway,** also known as **Traws Link Cymru** (lit.'Trans Link Wales') is a proposed rail service line that would link North and South Wales via a western rail line from Swansea to Bangor. This includes re-opening the Carmarthen–Aberystwyth and the Bangor–Afon Wen line.

## Campaign

The campaign group, Traws Link Cymru was founded in 2013 and its aim is to reopen the Aberystwyth–Carmarthen and Afon Wen–Bangor rail lines which were closed as part of the Beeching cuts in the 1960s. Since those cuts, rail travel between Carmarthen and Bangor takes a six-hour journey that must go outside Wales and through Hereford, Shrewsbury and Chester (although it Is possible to travel the route by bus)

In March 2020, the campaign group gained media attention following campaigning for several years to re-open the line south from Aberystwyth to Carmarthen and a £300,000 feasibility study was carried out. Spokesman Elfed Wyn Jones stated, "Reopening the railway would benefit villages and towns along the track and by reinstating the line between Afon-wen and Bangor, as well as reopening the line between Aberystwyth and Carmarthen, would create a rail network within Wales, between the North and the South, rather than travelling for extra hours and distance through England to complete the journey."

An agreement between Plaid Cymru and the Labour Welsh Government was made which included transport in Wales, and would “ask Transport for Wales and other partners to explore how transport links between the north and south of Wales can be developed”. The agreement would also explore “how to protect potential travel corridors along the western coast of Wales from Swansea to Bangor”.

In June 2021, Transport for Wales stated there were no plans to open a north-south route, and that such a route would be slower than going through England.

### Carmarthen–Aberyswyth

Official talks of reopening started in 2014 when First Minister Carwyn Jones shared his support towards the reopening, and it was adopted as an official policy of the Welsh Liberal Democrats. The next two years were followed by support from Carmarthenshire County Council, Ceredigion County Council, the Minister for Science, Economy and Transport (Welsh Government) and Plaid Cymru. Official talks and meetings included Stephen Crabb MP, Secretary of State for Wales and James Price, Director General, Economy, Science and Transport (Welsh Government) shortly followed by the AECOM report.

In October 2016, the Welsh government announced it would be allocating £300,000 towards funding a feasibility report into re-opening the railway as part of the draft 2017–18 budget. The study is being carried out by engineering consultancy, Mott MacDonald and began in September 2017. Subsequently, Ken Skates, the Welsh Transport Minister consulted the Secretary of State for Transport, Grant Shapps, explaining that the reopening of the line was important to revitalise the Welsh economy following the COVID-19 pandemic.

In October 2018, the Welsh Government published the full feasibility study which showed that there were no major obstacles to reopening and that the project would cost up to £775m although this was subject to a number of unknown further costs being determined such as the crossing of Trawscoed Bog. In September 2020, this was revised to £620 million by the campaign group Traws Link Cymru. The group's report concluded that 97% of the original trackbed was already clear and that reopening the line is realistic.

In 2022, the Welsh government's National Transport Delivery Plan suggested that the case for a rail link between the south of Wales and Aberystwyth could be made by 2025 and the plan and design drawn up by 2027. The document also suggested that planning could continue beyond that point.

In December 2022, former Ceredigion MP and leader of Welsh Liberal Democrats, Mark Williams said that an Aberystwyth-Carmarthen rail link could be a major factor in keeping young people and skilled workers and build up the economy in the area.

### Bangor–Afon Wen

In November 2020, regional MS Llyr Gruffydd described the “gaping hole” in rail infrastructure and that re-opening the rail link between Bangor and Afon Wen would “help integrate public transport in Gwynedd and down the western coast of Wales.”

In 2021, a report by the Welsh government showed a green arrow pointing southwards from Bangor to Afon Wen. This was interpreted by the campaign group "Traws Link Cymru" that Afon Wen to Bangor or a part of the route is now being considered as part of a "North Wales Metro".


title: Troullos

abstract: Troullos, also known as Trullos, is the archaeological site of an ancient Minoan settlement on Crete. The Troullos site is the easternmost section of the ancient settlement at Archanes.

text:
# Troullos

**Troullos**, also known as **Trullos**, is the archaeological site of an ancient Minoan settlement on Crete. The Troullos site is the easternmost section of the ancient settlement at Archanes.

## Archaeology

Trullos was first excavated by Sir Arthur Evans, later by Spyridon Marinatos and most recently by J. and E. Sakellarakis. The site was in use from Middle Minoan II until late Minoan I.

### Architecture

### Artifacts

Among the movable artifacts at Troullos:

## Further reading

* Sakellarakis, J. and E. 1991 *Crete Archanes* ISBN 960-213-234-5 (guidebook)