title: Waterbug Records

abstract: Waterbug Records is a small independent record label based in Glen Ellyn, Illinois specializing in singer-songwriters and traditional folk musicians who do original research. The label was founded as an artist cooperative label in 1992 by singer-songwriter Andrew Calhoun. Calhoun described the label in a column written for Sing Out!: "Waterbug is largely an artists' co-op. All the artists own their recordings and publishing rights. Twenty artists contributed a song and part of the cost of manufacturing a label sampler, which each of us sell from the stage for $5. We are working cooperatively to help each other get heard."

text:
# Waterbug Records

**Waterbug Records** is a small independent record label based in Glen Ellyn, Illinois specializing in singer-songwriters and traditional folk musicians who do original research. The label was founded as an artist cooperative label in 1992 by singer-songwriter Andrew Calhoun. Calhoun described the label in a column written for *Sing Out!*: "Waterbug is largely an artists' co-op. All the artists own their recordings and publishing rights. Twenty artists contributed a song and part of the cost of manufacturing a label sampler, which each of us sell from the stage for $5. We are working cooperatively to help each other get heard."

## Roster


title: Pseudopostega abrupta

abstract: Pseudopostega abrupta is a moth of the family Opostegidae. It is endemic to the West Indies, where it has been found on Guana Island and St. Thomas. The length of the forewings is 2.5–3 mm. Adults are mostly white. Adults have been collected in March, July, October and November.

text:
# Pseudopostega abrupta

***Pseudopostega abrupta*** is a moth of the family Opostegidae. It is endemic to the West Indies, where it has been found on Guana Island and St. Thomas.

The length of the forewings is 2.5–3 mm. Adults are mostly white. Adults have been collected in March, July, October and November.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudopostega abrupta* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Opostegidae |
| Genus: | *Pseudopostega* |
| Species: | ***P. abrupta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudopostega abrupta***<br>(Walsingham, 1897) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Opostega abrupta* Walsingham, 1897 | |


title: Prescott Estate

abstract: The Prescott Estate is a historic residential estate at 770 Centre Street in Newton, Massachusetts. The main house, a c. 1874 Medieval Revival structure, is a rare local example of residential stone construction, and of the architectural style. Although it was built by Henry Pazolt, a Boston cigar merchant, it soon afterward came into the Prescott family. In 1954 it was acquired by the Carroll Center for the Blind. In addition to the main house, the estate includes a period carriage house and garage. The estate was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

text:
# Prescott Estate

The **Prescott Estate** is a historic residential estate at 770 Centre Street in Newton, Massachusetts. The main house, a c. 1874 Medieval Revival structure, is a rare local example of residential stone construction, and of the architectural style. Although it was built by Henry Pazolt, a Boston cigar merchant, it soon afterward (c. 1886) came into the Prescott family. In 1954 it was acquired by the Carroll Center for the Blind. In addition to the main house, the estate includes a period carriage house and garage.

The estate was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Prescott Estate | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 770 Centre St., Newton, Massachusetts |
| Coordinates | 42°20′45″N 71°11′23″W / 42.34583°N 71.18972°W / 42.34583; -71.18972 |
| Built | 1885 |
| Architectural style | Late 19th And 20th Century Revivals, Medieval Revival |
| MPS | Newton MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 86001866 |
| Added to NRHP | September 04, 1986 |


title: National Vocabulary Championship

abstract: The National Vocabulary Championship (NVC) was the first-ever U.S.-wide vocabulary competition for high school students created by GSN, in association with The Princeton Review. Thirty thousand high school students from across the United States participated in the inaugural year (2006–2007). The NVC aimed to inspire students to expand their vocabularies and narrow the achievement gap. The program offered free educational resources, created spirited competition through testing and game play, and awarded more than $100,000 annually in college tuition and other prizes. Fifty finalists nationally received a trip to the NVC Finals, where they competed to win $40,000 toward college tuition in the form of a 529 plan and to be crowned the National Vocabulary Champion. The host of the National Vocabulary Championship was GSN host Dylan Lane. The NVC was discontinued after the 2007–2008 academic and competition year due to changes in GSN policy and administration.

text:
# National Vocabulary Championship

The **National Vocabulary Championship** (NVC) was the first-ever U.S.-wide vocabulary competition for high school students created by GSN, in association with The Princeton Review. Thirty thousand high school students from across the United States participated in the inaugural year (2006–2007).

The NVC aimed to inspire students to expand their vocabularies and narrow the achievement gap. The program offered free educational resources, created spirited competition through testing and game play, and awarded more than $100,000 annually in college tuition and other prizes.

Fifty finalists nationally received a trip to the NVC Finals, where they competed to win $40,000 toward college tuition in the form of a 529 plan and to be crowned the National Vocabulary Champion.

The host of the National Vocabulary Championship was GSN host Dylan Lane.

The NVC was discontinued after the 2007–2008 academic and competition year due to changes in GSN policy and administration.

## How to Compete

The NVC was open to eligible high school students in the United States between the ages of 13 and 19 years old and in grades 9–12. Home-schooled students were also eligible to compete.

There were two ways to enter the competition:

Eligible students at participating schools in eight local markets could qualify to participate in a *Citywide Championship* for a chance to win $5,000 toward college tuition and other prizes, as well as a trip to the national finals.

Eligible students nationwide could also participate through a *National Qualifying Competition* via on-line and regional exams offered by The Princeton Review for a chance to compete in the NVC Finals.

## 2007-2008 Citywide Championships

Eight U.S. cities across the country were chosen each year to host Citywide Championship events. Eligible students who wanted to compete in one of the local Citywide Championships had to attend a participating high school, register with the designated NVC coach at their school, and take the NVC in-school qualifying exam. All public and private high schools within these markets and their surrounding areas were invited to participate and encourage their students to compete. Approximately 100 top scorers per market qualified to compete in each Citywide Championship, where one winner received $5,000 toward college tuition and other prizes as well as a trip to the national finals.

Below is a list of cities that the NVC visited in 2007–2008:

* Sacramento: Thursday, November 15 -- **WINNER:** Yvonne Lin (Sophomore)
* Nashville: Tuesday, November 27 -- **WINNER:** Brian Swenson (Junior)
* St. Louis: Thursday, November 29 -- **WINNER:** Rajiv Tarigopula (Sophomore)
* Detroit: Monday, December 3 -- **WINNER:** Steven Banks (Senior)
* Northeast Ohio: Thursday, December 6 -- **WINNER:** Joel Fichter (Senior)
* New York: Monday, December 10 -- **WINNER:** Rebecca Maxfield (Junior)
* Pittsburgh: Monday, January 14 -- **WINNER:** John Oxenreiter (Senior)
* Philadelphia: Thursday, January 17 -- **WINNER:** Lauren Bezjak (Junior)

## National Qualifying Competition

Eligible high school students who did not attend a participating school (listed under Citywide Championship) or who did not wish to take the in-school qualifying exam could compete in the National Qualifying Competition by following the below steps: 1) The NVC offered an online national qualifying exam during November 2007 at winwithwords.com. For months leading up to the online exam, study tools and study modules were available at winwithwords.com Or: 2) Top-scoring students on the online national qualifying exam had an opportunity to advance to the regional exams, which took place at designated The Princeton Review locations across the country. Forty-two top scorers from the National Qualifying Competition joined the eight citywide champions at the national finals.

## Champions

| **Year** | **Winner's Name** | **Home Town** | **Grade** | **Winning Sentence** | **Winning Question** | **Answer** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2006-2007 | Robert Marsland | Madison, Wisconsin | 12th | The hirsute professor maintains that his solipsism stems from a bona fide philosophical conviction rather than excessive narcissism. | Which word comes from the Latin for "alone"? | solipsism |
| 2007-2008 | Aliya Deri | Pleasanton, California | 11th | Joseph was not perturbed by his pal's peccadillo, but his parents apprehended it to be an unambiguous portent of future dereliction. | Which word comes from the Latin for "sin"? | peccadillo |


title: Vittorio Marchi

abstract: Vittorio Marchi was an Italian neurologist and histologist. He studied pharmaceutical chemistry and medicine at the University of Modena, earning his doctorate in 1882. He was head of the histology laboratory at the psychiatric hospital of Reggio Emilia, and later director of the primary medical hospital in Iesi. He was the creator of a popular osmium-based staining method for the demonstration of degenerating nerve fibers. In the late 1890s, he was a pioneer of meningioma surgery.

text:
# Vittorio Marchi

**Vittorio Marchi** (30 May 1851, Novellara  12 May 1908, Iesi) was an Italian neurologist and histologist.

He studied pharmaceutical chemistry and medicine at the University of Modena, earning his doctorate in 1882. He was head of the histology laboratory at the psychiatric hospital of Reggio Emilia, and later director of the primary medical hospital in Iesi.

He was the creator of a popular osmium-based staining method ("Marchi stain") for the demonstration of degenerating nerve fibers. In the late 1890s, he was a pioneer of meningioma surgery.

## Additional eponyms

## Selected writings

* *Nota preventiva sulla fina anatomia dei corpi striati. Communicata all'Academia di Medicina di Torino*, 1883 - Nota preventiva on fine anatomy of the corpus striatum. Communication of the Academy of Medicine of Turin.
* *Sulle degenerazioni discendenti consecutive a lesioni sperimentali in diverse zone della corteccia cerebrale*. (with Giovanni Algeri), 1888 - On degenerative descending consecutive lesions of the cerebral cortex.
* *Sull' origine e decorso dei peduncoli cerebellari e sui loro rapporti cogli altri centri nervosi*, 1891 - The origin and paths of cerebellar peduncles and their relationships with other nerve centers.


title: Prescott Fire Department

abstract: The Prescott Fire Department is the municipal fire department for the city of Prescott, Arizona. Additionally, the PFD provides aircraft rescue and firefighting for the Prescott Municipal Airport. Founded in 1885, it is the oldest fire department in the state of Arizona. With a coverage area of 41.5 square miles (107 km⁲) and serving a population of 39,843, the PFD consists of 92 career personnel, split among five fire stations.

text:
# Prescott Fire Department

The **Prescott Fire Department** is the municipal fire department for the city of Prescott, Arizona. Additionally, the PFD provides aircraft rescue and firefighting for the Prescott Municipal Airport. Founded in 1885, it is the oldest fire department in the state of Arizona. With a coverage area of 41.5 square miles (107 km2) and serving a population of 39,843, the PFD consists of 92 career personnel, split among five fire stations.

## History

Prior to 1884, Prescott had no water system for fire protection. Wells were sunk at the four corners of the courthouse plaza and double acting hand pumps were installed. In 1884 the water system was installed and the Prescott Volunteer Fire Department was started with a single hose company using a two-wheeled cart hand drawn with 600 feet (180 m) of 2.5 inches (6.4 cm) hose. In 1954 the then four separate volunteer companies were merged into one and named Prescott Fire Department.

## Granite Mountain Hotshots

The Granite Mountain Hotshots were a group within the department whose mission was to fight wildfires. Founded in 2002 as a fuels mitigation crew, it transitioned to a handcrew (Type 2 I/A) in 2004, and ultimately to a hotshot crew in 2008. The crew had their own fire station, station 7, where equipment, including two 10-person crew carriers, was housed. The 2017 film *Only the Brave* was based on the Granite Mountain Hotshots and the Yarnell Hill Fire.

### Yarnell Fire fatalities

On June 30, 2013, 19 members of the 20-man group died fighting the Yarnell Hill Fire. Only Brendan McDonough survived. The firefighters had apparently deployed fire shelters, but not all of the bodies were found inside them. According to the National Fire Protection Association, it was the greatest loss of life for firefighters in a wildfire since 1933, the deadliest wildfire of any kind since 1991, and one of the greatest losses of firefighters in the United States next to the September 11 attacks.

## Stations and apparatus

| Fire Station Number | Address | Engine Companies | Truck Companies | Wildland Units | Special units |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 71 | 333 White Spar Rd. | Engine 71, Engine 711 | Truck 71 | Patrol 71 | Utility 71 & Battalion 1 |
| 72 | 1700 Iron Springs Rd. | Engine 72, Engine 722 | Truck 72 | Patrol 72 |  |
| 73 | 1980 Clubhouse Dr.
Prescott Municipal Airport | Engine 73 |  | Patrol 73 | Foam 73 |
| 74 | 2747 Smoke Tree Lane | Engine 74 |  |  | Boat 74 |
| 75 | 315 Lee Blvd. | Engine 75 |  | Patrol 75 | Haz-Mat Unit |

## InfoBox

Prescott Fire Department
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Operational area | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Arizona |
| City | Prescott |
| Agency overview | |
| Established | 1885 |
| Annual calls | 8737 (2012) |
| Employees | 92 |
| Staffing | Career |
| EMS level | ALS |
| IAFF | 3066 |
| Facilities and equipment | |
| Stations | 5 |
| Engines | 7 |
| Trucks | 2 |
| HAZMAT | 1 |
| Airport crash | 1 |
| Wildland | 4 - Type 6 |
| Website | |
| Official website | |
| IAFF website | |


title: Pan Asian Chamber Jazz Ensemble

abstract: Pan Asian Chamber Jazz Ensemble is a world chamber jazz ensemble based in New York City, founded in 2006 by jazz violinist and composer, Meg Okura.

text:
# Pan Asian Chamber Jazz Ensemble

**Pan Asian Chamber Jazz Ensemble** is a world chamber jazz ensemble based in New York City, founded in 2006 by jazz violinist and composer, Meg Okura.

## Discography

* *Meg Okura's Pan Asian Chamber Jazz Ensemble* (2006)
* *Naima* (2010)
* *Music of Ryuichi Sakamoto* (2013)

## Awards and honors

* 2006 Best New Age Album, Independent Music Awards
* 2006 Metlife Creative Connections Grant, Meet the Composer
* 2007–2008 American Composers Forum, Jerome Composers Commissioning Program
* 2008 Manhattan Community Art Fund, LMCC
* 2008 Metlife Creative Connections Grant, Meet the Composer
* 2013 & 2015 Manhattan Community Arts Fund, Lower Manhattan Cultural Council
* 2014 New Music USA Project Grant, New Music US, Urban Artist Initiative/New York

## Reception

"PACJE (Meg Okura & the Pan Asian Chamber Jazz Ensemble) have no peer in melding classical and jazz within an ethnically informed chamber setting."

—Elliot Simon, *The New York City Jazz Record*

"...breathtaking...shivers of emotion down the spine...flawless technique...Okura has established herself as a complete musician and a major one."

—Raul d'Gama Rose, *All About Jazz*

"Meg has created what surely must someday become a Jazz standard. Meg Okura has given a stunning reintroduction to the music from the genius of Ryuichi Sakamoto."

—Travis Rogers, *Jazz Times*

"...(Meg Okura) is equally comfortable playing classical chamber music, rock and everything in between."

—Stephen Holden, *The New York Times*

"...a stunning improvisation on top of an impressionistic backdrop."

—Bill Milkowski, *Jazz Times*

"...chamber jazz has found its queen in Meg Okura."

—Dan Bilawsky, *All About Jazz*

"Naima is the magnificent new release from violin virtuoso Meg Okura and the Pan Asian Chamber Jazz Ensemble. Captivating, exciting and refreshing are just one way to describe the track offerings that are featured. Aptly named after one of John Coltrane's famous compositions, Naima is marvelously diverse mixing the past, present and future."

—Esther Cailens, *Birmingham Times*

"Okura has made a bold statement with Naima, ensuring her place among the top names playing chamber jazz."

—Jon Neudorf, *Sea of Tranquility*

"Meg Okura offers a clear sense of vision of her world of music. Okura's Naima goes to many places, speaks in many voices, and is often rich with surprises and admirable in its aspirations."

—Mark Hayes, *EJazz News*

"Ms. Okura's vibrant, Eastern-influenced, jazzy score and the playing of her musicians were the most sophisticated parts of the work"

—Roslyn Sulcas, *The New York Times*

"...(some of) the best jazz New York has to offer."

—Elliot Simon, *All About Jazz*

"...mixes a classically trained mastery of strings, piano and drums with quick-witted compositional twist performed with high energy."

—Jennifer Odell, *Down Beat* magazine

"The group delivers exactly what its name promises...the group found a common ground in '60s-style modality, occasionally reminiscent of John Coltrane and McCoy Tyner's Eastern explorations."

—Will Friedwald, *The New York Sun*

"...elegantly intertwine(s) elements of classical, jazz and world folk into a new sound...by presenting precisely played ethnically inspired original compositions in an exciting modern jazz context."

—Elliot Simon, *All About Jazz*


title: Shane Broadway

abstract: Shane Broadway is a former Democratic state legislator, serving in the Arkansas General Assembly from 1997 to 2011 with a focus on education policy. Following an unsuccessful bid for Arkansas Lieutenant Governor in 2010, Broadway served as interim director of the Arkansas Department of Higher Education, and is currently the Vice President for University Relations at the Arkansas State University System in Little Rock.

text:
# Shane Broadway

**Shane Broadway** (born August 30, 1972) is a former Democratic state legislator, serving in the Arkansas General Assembly from 1997 to 2011 with a focus on education policy. Following an unsuccessful bid for Arkansas Lieutenant Governor in 2010, Broadway served as interim director of the Arkansas Department of Higher Education, and is currently the Vice President for University Relations at the Arkansas State University System in Little Rock.

## Personal life and education

Broadway was born in Benton to parents Charles and Bertha Broadway on August 30, 1972. He attended Bryant High School in Central Arkansas, graduating in 1990. He attended Arkansas State University in Jonesboro, graduating with a bachelor's degree in political science in 1994 and receiving the Robert E. Lee Wilson Award and the Distinguished Service Award. Broadway married the former Debbie Tableriou in a ceremony at the Arkansas State Capitol in March 1996.

## Career

### Politics

Broadway was elected to the Arkansas House of Representatives in 1996, serving until 2002. He became Speaker of the Arkansas House during his tenure. Broadway was elected to the Arkansas Senate in 2002 and was re-elected in 2006.

In 2010, Broadway ran for Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas, but lost by two points to Mark Darr. Broadway was endorsed by Mike Beebe, who won reelection in the 2010 Arkansas gubernatorial election.

### Education

Beebe appointed Broadway as director of the Arkansas Department of Higher Education a few months later. The Republican legislature objected to Broadway's nomination as he didn't meet the requirement as "an experienced educator in the field of higher education" according to the law. Broadway's successor in the Senate, Jeremy Hutchinson, unsuccessfully sought to change the requirement to allow Broadway to fill the post. Broadway remained interim director until taking a position with the Arkansas State University System in 2013. The requirement was later changed when Asa Hutchinson nominated Johnny Key, who also lacked experience as an educator, in 2015.

## InfoBox

| Shane Broadway | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Arkansas Senate
from the 22nd district | |
| **In office**
January 13, 2003  January 10, 2011 | |
| Preceded by | Alvin Simes (redistricted) |
| Succeeded by | Jeremy Hutchinson |
| 81st Speaker of the Arkansas House of Representatives | |
| **In office**
January 8, 2001  January 13, 2003 | |
| Preceded by | Bob Johnson |
| Succeeded by | Herschel W. Cleveland |
| Member of the Arkansas House of Representatives
from the 46th district | |
| **In office**
January 13, 1997  January 13, 2003 | |
| Preceded by | Larry Mitchell |
| Succeeded by | Marvin Parks |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1972-08-30) August 30, 1972
Benton, Arkansas |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Debbie Tableriou (m. 1996) |
| Residence | Bryant, Arkansas |
| Alma mater | Arkansas State University |
| Occupation | Public servant and university administrator |
|  | |


title: Millene Figueiredo

abstract: Milene Figueiredo is a Brazilian handball player. She was born in Guarulhos, Brazil. She competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics, where Brazil placed 7th.

text:
# Millene Figueiredo

**Milene Figueiredo** (born 3 February 1983) is a Brazilian handball player.

She was born in Guarulhos, Brazil. She competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics, where Brazil placed 7th.

## InfoBox

| Milene Figueiredo | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Born | (1983-02-03) 3 February 1983<br>Guarulhos, Brazil | | |
| National team | | | |
| Years | **Team** |
|  | Brazil |


title: Giannicola di Paolo

abstract: Giannicola di Paolo, also known as Giannicola di Paolo Manni or Smicca, was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period, active mainly in Perugia. He was born in Città della Pieve. His most prominent work is the Madonna delle Grazie in the Duomo of Perugia. He was a pupil of Pietro Perugino, but was also influenced by Raphael. The Museo Gazzola in Piacenza has one of his works.

text:
# Giannicola di Paolo

**Giannicola di Paolo** (c. 1460–1544), also known as **Giannicola di Paolo Manni** or **Smicca**, was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period, active mainly in Perugia. He was born in Città della Pieve. His most prominent work is the *Madonna delle Grazie* in the Duomo of Perugia. He was a pupil of Pietro Perugino, but was also influenced by Raphael. The Museo Gazzola in Piacenza has one of his works.

* Farquhar, Maria (1855). Ralph Nicholson Wornum (ed.). *Biographical catalogue of the principal Italian painters*. London: Woodfall & Kinder. p. 123.


abstract: Prince Bernhard Lucas Emmanuel of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven is a Dutch entrepreneur and a member of the Dutch royal family. He is the second son of Princess Margriet of the Netherlands and Pieter van Vollenhoven. Before the succession of his cousin Willem-Alexander as King, he was a member of the Dutch Royal House and eleventh in the line of succession to the Dutch throne. With Willem-Alexander's succession however, he is no longer a member of the Dutch Royal House, and is no longer in line to direct succession to the Dutch throne, but still retains his membership of the Dutch royal family

text:
# Prince Bernhard of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven

**Prince Bernhard Lucas Emmanuel of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven** (born 25 December 1969) is a Dutch entrepreneur and a member of the Dutch royal family.

He is the second son of Princess Margriet of the Netherlands and Pieter van Vollenhoven. Before the succession of his cousin Willem-Alexander as King, he was a member of the Dutch Royal House and eleventh in the line of succession to the Dutch throne. With Willem-Alexander's succession however, he is no longer a member of the Dutch Royal House, and is no longer in line to direct succession to the Dutch throne, but still retains his membership of the Dutch royal family

## Early life and education

Het Loo House, the prince's childhood residence, in Apeldoorn in 1975

Prince Bernhard was born on 25 December 1969 in Nijmegen in the Netherlands. He is the second son of Princess Margriet and Pieter van Vollenhoven. He has three brothers: Princes Maurits, Pieter-Christiaan, and Floris.

His family lived in Apeldoorn throughout his childhood, moving to Het Loo House in 1975. He received both his primary and secondary education in Apeldoorn.

He studied economics in 1988 at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. Subsequently, in 1989 he attended Groningen University in the Netherlands where he studied marketing and market research. In 1995 he received the degree of doctorandus (equivalent to Master of Science) at this university.

## Business

Prince Bernhard is a self-employed entrepreneur.

### Ritzen Koeriers

In 1991, he founded the company Ritzen Koeriers with three fellow students. It was a courier business that used students to deliver packages by public transport using the free public transport card for students that education minister Jo Ritzen had introduced earlier that year. In 1999, the company was suspected of fraud, because they were not paying payroll taxes over lease cars provided to some employees. In 2000, the company settled with the Public Prosecution Service for 12,000 euros. In 2002, the name Ritzen Koeriers was changed to Logistieke Meesters, at which time Prince Bernhard was no longer involved in the business.

### Chapman Andretti Partners

In 2015, he founded the company Chapman Andretti Partners with Menno de Jong, named after Colin Chapman and Mario Andretti who are not personally related to the business. In 2016, the company bought the Circuit Zandvoort in Zandvoort. Circuit Zandvoort was scheduled to host the Dutch Grand Prix in 2020, but it was postponed to 2021 due to COVID-19. Several environmental groups litigated against the racing event to be held in the natural dunes, but were unable to stop it. In 2021, the company was criticized for having asked musicians including the band Chef'Special to perform at the Grand Prix without direct financial compensation.

## Marriage and family

While studying in Groningen, Prince Bernhard met Annette Sekrève, (born 18 April 1972). The couple announced their engagement on 11 March 2000. They married in July 2000. The civil ceremony was performed on 6 July 2000 by the Mayor of Utrecht, Annie Brouwer-Korf, in the Spiegelzaal of the Paushuize in Utrecht. The marriage was blessed two days later, on 8 July 2000, by Dr. Anne van der Meiden in the Cathedral of Saint Martin, Utrecht.

Prince Bernhard and Princess Annette have three children: Isabella Lily Juliana (born 2002), Samuel Bernhard Louis (born 2004), and Benjamin Pieter Floris (born 2008). According to a royal decree of 5 July 2000 the children were granted the family name *van Vollenhoven*, without titles. Prince Bernhard and his family live in Amsterdam.

Upon the announcement of the planned abdication of Queen Beatrix, which took place on 30 April 2013, it was also restated that after the abdication, the children of Princess Margriet and Pieter van Vollenhoven would no longer be eligible for the throne. They would also cease to be members of the Royal House. He is still a member of the extended royal family, but he rarely takes part in official duties.

## Health

Prince Bernhard has been receiving treatment for Crohn's disease since 2002.

In 2013, he was diagnosed with Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, for which he has been on the intensive care for a month. After his recovery, he created the foundation Lymph & Co, which has spent over 2 million euros on lymphoma research.

## Ancestry

## InfoBox

| Prince Bernhard | |
| --- | --- |
| Prince Bernhard in 2016 | |
| Born | (1969-12-25) 25 December 1969
Nijmegen, Netherlands |
| Spouse | Annette Sekrève (m. 2000) |
| Issue | Isabella van Vollenhoven
Samuel van Vollenhoven
Benjamin van Vollenhoven |
| Names  Bernhard Lucas Emmanuel | |
| House | Orange-Nassau |
| Father | Pieter van Vollenhoven |
| Mother | Princess Margriet of the Netherlands |


title: Zoisite

abstract: Zoisite, first known as saualpite, after its type locality, is a calcium aluminum hydroxy sorosilicate belonging to the epidote group of minerals. Its chemical formula is Ca2Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH). Zoisite occurs as prismatic, orthorhombic (2/m 2/m 2/m) crystals or in massive form, being found in metamorphic and pegmatitic rock. Zoisite may be blue to violet, green, brown, pink, yellow, gray, or colorless. Blue crystals are known under the name tanzanite. It has a vitreous luster and a conchoidal to uneven fracture. When euhedral, zoisite crystals are striated parallel to the principal axis (c-axis). Also parallel to the principal axis is one direction of perfect cleavage. The mineral is between 6 and 7 on the Mohs hardness scale, and its specific gravity ranges from 3.10 to 3.38, depending on the variety. It streaks white and is said to be brittle. Clinozoisite is a more common monoclinic polymorph of Ca2Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH). Transparent material is fashioned into gemstones while translucent-to-opaque material is usually carved. The mineral was described by Abraham Gottlob Werner in 1805. He named it after the Carniolan naturalist Sigmund Zois, who sent him its specimens from Saualpe in Carinthia. Zois realized that this was an unknown mineral when it was brought to him by a mineral dealer, presumed to be Simon Prešern, in 1797. Sources of zoisite include Tanzania (tanzanite), Kenya (anyolite), Norway (thulite), Switzerland, Austria, India, Pakistan, and the U.S. state of Washington.

text:
# Zoisite

**Zoisite**, first known as **saualpite**, after its type locality, is a calcium aluminum hydroxy sorosilicate belonging to the epidote group of minerals. Its chemical formula is Ca2Al3(Si4)(Si2O7)O(O).

Zoisite occurs as prismatic, orthorhombic (2/m 2/m 2/m) crystals or in massive form, being found in metamorphic and pegmatitic rock. Zoisite may be blue to violet, green, brown, pink, yellow, gray, or colorless. Blue crystals are known under the name tanzanite. It has a vitreous luster and a conchoidal to uneven fracture. When euhedral, zoisite crystals are striated parallel to the principal axis (c-axis). Also parallel to the principal axis is one direction of perfect cleavage. The mineral is between 6 and 7 on the Mohs hardness scale, and its specific gravity ranges from 3.10 to 3.38, depending on the variety. It streaks white and is said to be brittle. Clinozoisite is a more common monoclinic polymorph of Ca2Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH). Transparent material is fashioned into gemstones while translucent-to-opaque material is usually carved.

The mineral was described by Abraham Gottlob Werner in 1805. He named it after the Carniolan naturalist Sigmund Zois, who sent him its specimens from Saualpe in Carinthia. Zois realized that this was an unknown mineral when it was brought to him by a mineral dealer, presumed to be Simon Prešern, in 1797.

Sources of zoisite include Tanzania (tanzanite), Kenya (anyolite), Norway (thulite), Switzerland, Austria, India, Pakistan, and the U.S. state of Washington.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Zoisite | |
| --- | --- |
| Yellow zoisite crystal (1.7 × 1 × 0.8 cm) | |
| General | |
| Category | Sorosilicateepidote group |
| Formula
(repeating unit) | Ca2Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| IMA symbol | Zo |
| Strunz classification | 9.BG.10 |
| Dana classification | 58.2.1b.1 |
| Crystal system | Orthorhombic |
| Crystal class | Dipyramidal (mmm)
H-M symbol: (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| Space group | *Pnma* |
| Identification | |
| Color | White, gray, greenish brown, greenish gray, pink, blue, purple |
| Crystal habit | Prismatic crystals with striations; massive to columnar |
| Cleavage | Perfect {010} imperfect {100} |
| Fracture | Uneven to conchoidal |
| Mohs scale hardness | 6 to 7 |
| Luster | Vitreous, pearly on cleavage surfaces |
| Streak | White or colorless |
| Diaphaneity | Transparent to translucent |
| Specific gravity | 3.10–3.36 |
| Optical properties | biaxial positive |
| Refractive index | nα = 1.696 – 1.700 nβ = 1.696 – 1.702 nγ = 1.702 – 1.718 |
| Birefringence | 0.006–0.018 |
| Pleochroism | X = pale pink to red-violet; Y = nearly colorless to bright pink or deep blue; Z = pale yellow to yellow-green |
| References |  |
| Major varieties | |
| Tanzanite | Gem-quality zoisite, blue-purple |
| Thulite | Pink |


title: Vittorio Marzotto

abstract: Vittorio Marzotto was an Italian racing driver. Born in Valdagno, near Vicenza, Vittorio was the son of Gaetano Marzotto, the founder of the Marzotto textile manufacturer company. He was the oldest of four brothers, who were all racing drivers too. Marzotto made his debut in motor racing in the late 1940s after the end of World War II. He entered 16 sports car races between 1948 and 1955, mainly driving Ferrari's cars. His best results were two victories (the 1951 Giro di Sicilia and the 1952 Monaco Grand Prix and three second places. Marzotto also entered a Formula 1-race in 1952, the French Grand Prix, as reserve driver for Scuderia Ferrari. However, all Ferrari works drivers started the race, so Marzotto was unable to start. He never competed in Formula 1 again and retired from professional racing at the end of the 1950s.

text:
# Vittorio Marzotto

**Vittorio Marzotto** (13 June 1922, Valdagno – 4 February 1999) was an Italian racing driver.

Born in Valdagno, near Vicenza, Vittorio was the son of Gaetano Marzotto, the founder of the Marzotto textile manufacturer company. He was the oldest of four brothers (Paolo, Giannino, Umberto and Vittorio), who were all racing drivers too.

Marzotto made his debut in motor racing in the late 1940s after the end of World War II. He entered 16 sports car races between 1948 and 1955, mainly driving Ferrari's cars. His best results were two victories (the 1951 Giro di Sicilia and the 1952 Monaco Grand Prix and three second places.

Marzotto also entered a Formula 1-race in 1952, the French Grand Prix, as reserve driver for Scuderia Ferrari. However, all Ferrari works drivers started the race, so Marzotto was unable to start. He never competed in Formula 1 again and retired from professional racing at the end of the 1950s.

## Complete results

| Year | Date | Race | Entrant | Car | Teammate(s) | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1948 | May 2 | Mille Miglia | - | Lancia Aprilia | Paolo Marzotto | DNF |
| 1950 | April 2 | Targa Florio | - | Ferrari 166 MM | Sergio Sighinolfi | DNF |
| 1950 | April 23 | Mille Miglia | Scuderia Ferrari | Ferrari 195 S | Paolo Fontana | 9th |
| 1950 | April 30 | Coppa d'Oro di Sicilia | - | Ferrari 340 America | - | - |
| 1951 | April 1 | Giro di Sicilia | Scuderia Marzotto | Ferrari 212 Export | Paolo Fontana | **1st** |
| 1951 | April 29 | Mille Miglia | Scuderia Marzotto | Ferrari 340 America | Otello Marchetto | DNF |
| 1951 | June 3 | Coppa della Toscana | Scuderia Marzotto | Ferrari 340 America | *Zanuso* | 2nd |
| 1951 | June 17 | Circuito do Porto | Scuderia Marzotto | Ferrari 212 Export | *none* | 2nd |
| 1951 | July 15 | Coppa d' Oro delle Dolomiti | Scuderia Marzotto | Ferrari 340 America | *none* | DNF |
| 1952 | March 9 | Giro di Sicilia | - | Ferrari 225 S | - | DNF |
| 1952 | March 16 | Syracuse Grand Prix | Scuderia Marzotto | Ferrari 166 C | Piero Carini
Sergio Sighinolfi | DNF |
| 1952 | May 4 | Mille Miglia | Scuderia Marzotto | Ferrari 225 S | Otello Marchetto | DNF |
| 1952 | June 2 | 1952 Monaco Grand Prix | Scuderia Marzotto | Ferrari 225 S | *none* | **1st** |
| 1952 | June 29 | Targa Florio | - | Ferrari 225 S | - | DNS |
| 1952 | July 6 | 1952 French Grand Prix | Scuderia Ferrari | - | Alberto Ascari
Nino Farina
Piero Taruffi
Louis Rosier
Rudi Fischer
Peter Hirt
Franco Comotti
Piero Carini | DNS |
| 1952 | July 13 | Coppa d' Oro delle Dolomiti | - | Ferrari 225 S | - | 5th |
| 1953 | April 12 | Giro di Sicilia | Scuderia Lancia | Lancia Aurelia | *none* | - |
| 1954 | May 2 | Mille Miglia | Scuderia Ferrari | Ferrari 500 Mondial | *none* | 2nd |
| 1955 | April 3 | Giro di Sicilia | Vittorio Marzotto | Maserati 300S | *none* | 6th |


title: No 7 Mk1 Dingbat mine

abstract: The No 7 Mk 1 Dingbat mine is a British anti-personnel blast mine. The mine has a steel body, with a flexible pressure pad on the top surface. Under the pressure pad is a belleville spring with a central striker. The fuse is slid into the side of the mine, a firing pin prevents the fuse being fully inserted until it is removed. The mine was intended to be scattered mechanically, and a number of systems were tested to scatter it. However, none were accepted into service, so the Dingbat mine was hand laid instead. The mine came with a small fabric cover to help hide it. The United Kingdom destroyed the majority of its inventory of anti-personnel mines under the terms of the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention. In a report to the Convention in April 2015 it declared that it retains 724 foreign manufactured anti-personnel mines solely for training and development of mine detection and clearance techniques as permitted by the treaty.

text:
# No 7 Mk1 Dingbat mine

The **No 7 Mk 1 Dingbat mine** is a British anti-personnel blast mine. The mine has a steel body, with a flexible pressure pad on the top surface. Under the pressure pad is a belleville spring with a central striker. The fuse is slid into the side of the mine, a firing pin prevents the fuse being fully inserted until it is removed. The mine was intended to be scattered mechanically, and a number of systems were tested to scatter it. However, none were accepted into service, so the Dingbat mine was hand laid instead. The mine came with a small fabric cover to help hide it.

The United Kingdom destroyed the majority of its inventory of anti-personnel mines under the terms of the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention. In a report to the Convention in April 2015 it declared that it retains 724 foreign manufactured anti-personnel mines solely for training and development of mine detection and clearance techniques as permitted by the treaty.

## Specifications

* Diameter: 57 mm
* Height: 32 mm
* Weight: 113 g
* Explosive content: 56.7 g of Tetryl
* Operating pressure: 11 kg to 15 kg

* *Brassey's Essential Guide To Anti-Personnel Landmines*, Eddie Banks
* *Jane's Mines and Mine Clearance 2006-2006*

1. "UK Annual Article 7 Report". *Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction*.


title: Pan Anzi

abstract: Pan Anzi is a Chinese film director.

text:
# Pan Anzi

**Pan Anzi** (born 1977 in Nanjing, Jiangsu) is a Chinese film director.

## Bibilogy

In 1996, Pan Anzi was admitted to the Directing Department of the Central Academy of Drama and graduated in 2000.

In 2003, he directed the musical short film *Goodbye Carmen*; in the same year, he won the Outstanding Director Award at the 10-year Celebration of Chinese Music and Television. In 2008, he directed his first film *Volunteer*, for which he won the Best Potential Director Award at the Shanghai International Film Festival Media Awards. On June 28, 2009, he directed the play *Causeway in the Desk*.

In 2011, he directed the comedy film *Scheme With Me*, co-starring Ren Xianqi, Tengger, and Xiong Naijin. On August 13, 2013, he directed the romance costume film *The Palace*. In 2016, he wrote and directed the action-comedy film *For a Few Bullets*. On July 15, 2020, he directed the adventure-themed web series *Reunion: The Sound of the Providence*, which was broadcast on Youku and iQIYI. On February 9, 2023, directed the TV series *Under the Microscope*.

## Filmography

## InfoBox

| Pan Anzi | |
| --- | --- |
| 潘安子 | |
| Born | 1977 (age 4647)<br>Nanjing, Jiangsu |
| Nationality | Chinese |
| Occupation | Film director |


title: Indianapolis Opera

abstract: Indianapolis Opera is an opera company based in Indianapolis, Indiana. It is the only professional opera company in Indiana, and it hosts a number of fully staged productions each season. The company is led by General Director David Craig Starkey and Board President Michael Schultz. The digital collection for the Indianapolis Opera is held at the Indianapolis Public Library and includes past promotional materials, material related to educational programming of the Indianapolis Opera Ensemble, and photographs of past performances.

text:
# Indianapolis Opera

**Indianapolis Opera** is an opera company based in Indianapolis, Indiana. It is the only professional opera company in Indiana, and it hosts a number of fully staged productions each season. The company is led by General Director David Craig Starkey and Board President Michael Schultz. The digital collection for the Indianapolis Opera is held at the Indianapolis Public Library and includes past promotional materials, material related to educational programming of the Indianapolis Opera Ensemble, and photographs of past performances.

## History

Since 1975, Indianapolis Opera has presented 109 operatic productions representing the work of 32 different composers, including 13 composers who wrote in the 20th century. Selected works range from standard operatic repertoire to new or less-performed works, balancing musical style and language as well as comedy and tragedy.

## The Frank and Katrina Basile Opera Center

In 2008, Bill Oesterle, a local business entrepreneur, purchased the Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox Church building in the Meridian-Kessler neighborhood of Indianapolis and leased it to the Indianapolis Opera. The Indianapolis Opera went on to use the building for rehearsals, educational programs, and smaller performances. In 2015, the opera began producing performances at the Schrott Center for the Arts on the campus of Butler University.

## Educational outreach programs

The Indianapolis Opera Ensemble of the Indianapolis Opera has provided educational programming throughout the state of Indiana, as well as Michigan, Illinois, and Kentucky. The program reaches 30,000 children and adults each year. Other educational programs are the Resident Artist program, Opera's Rising Stars (presented in collaboration with the Indianapolis Chamber Orchestra), and specific annual outreach events, such as Lobster Palooza, held as a fundraiser for the opera and educational outreach programs, and the opera ball

## InfoBox

Indianapolis Opera
| Formation | 1975 (1975) |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Theatre group |
| Purpose | Opera |
| Location |  |
| Artistic director(s) | David Craig Starkey |
| Website | www.indyopera.org |


title: Mikko Kaasalainen

abstract: Mikko K.J. Kaasalainen was a Finnish applied mathematician and mathematical physicist. He was professor of mathematics at the department of mathematics at Tampere University of Technology. Kaasalainen mostly worked on inverse problems and their applications especially in astrophysics, as well as on dynamical systems.

text:
# Mikko Kaasalainen

**Mikko K.J. Kaasalainen** (1965 – 12 April 2020) was a Finnish applied mathematician and mathematical physicist. He was professor of mathematics at the department of mathematics at Tampere University of Technology. Kaasalainen mostly worked on inverse problems and their applications especially in astrophysics, as well as on dynamical systems.

## Education and career

Kaasalainen received an MSc in theoretical physics at the University of Helsinki in 1990, moving shortly afterwards to Merton College, Oxford where he completed his DPhil in theoretical physics in 1994, supervised by James Binney. After a series of post-doctoral and senior positions in Europe, he moved to the University of Helsinki and to his present institute in 2009. He led a research group in the Finnish Centre of Excellence in Inverse Problems Research.

Kaasalainen was awarded the first Pertti Lindfors prize of the Finnish Inverse Problems Society in 2001. The asteroid 16007 Kaasalainen, discovered by ODAS in 1999, was named in his honour. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 7 January 2004 (M.P.C. 50463).

## Research

Kaasalainen's research interests mostly focused on mathematical modelling in various fields ranging from remote sensing and space research to planetary and galactic dynamics. Typically, the models and mathematical methods Kaasalainen developed with his colleagues are connected with inverse problems. Two such topics featured prominently in Kaasalainen's research:

## InfoBox

| Mikko Kaasalainen | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1965 (1965) |
| Died | 12 April 2020(2020-04-12) (aged 54–55) |
| Spouse | Sanna Kaasalainen |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater | University of Oxford |
| Thesis | *On The Construction of Invariant Tori and Integrable Hamiltonians* (1994) |
| Doctoral advisor | James Binney |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Mathematics, Astrophysics |
| Institutions | University of Tampere |
|  | |


title: Giannina Braschi

abstract: Giannina Braschi is a Puerto Rican poet, novelist, dramatist, and scholar. Her notable works include Empire of Dreams (1988), Yo-Yo Boing! (1998) and United States of Banana (2011). Braschi writes cross-genre literature and political philosophy in Spanish, Spanglish, and English. Her work is a hybrid of poetry, metafiction, postdramatic theatre, memoir, manifesto, and political philosophy. Her writings explore the enculturation journey of Hispanic immigrants, and dramatize the three main political options of Puerto Rico: independence, colony, and state.

text:
# Giannina Braschi

**Giannina Braschi** (born February 5, 1953) is a Puerto Rican poet, novelist, dramatist, and scholar. Her notable works include *Empire of Dreams* (1988), *Yo-Yo Boing!* (1998) *and United States of Banana* (2011).

Braschi writes cross-genre literature and political philosophy in Spanish, Spanglish, and English. Her work is a hybrid of poetry, metafiction, postdramatic theatre, memoir, manifesto, and political philosophy. Her writings explore the enculturation journey of Hispanic immigrants, and dramatize the three main political options of Puerto Rico: independence, colony, and state.

## Early life

Giannina Braschi was born to an upper-class family of Italian ancestry in San Juan, Puerto Rico. In her teen years, she was a founding member of the San Juan Children's Choir, a fashion model, and a tennis champion. Her father Euripides ("Pilo") Braschi was also a tennis champion.

Her brother, Miguel Braschi, was the plaintiff in a landmark case in 1989 regarding the rights of same-sex couples.

In the 1970s, Braschi studied literature and philosophy in Madrid, Rome, Rouen, and London, before she settled in New York City. She credited her start in poetry to the older Spanish poets who mentored her when she lived in Madrid: Claudio Rodríguez, Carlos Bousoño, Vicente Aleixandre, and Blas de Otero.

## Academic career

With a PhD in Hispanic Literatures from State University of New York, Stony Brook (1980), Braschi was a professor at Rutgers University, City University of New York, and Colgate University. Braschi has received awards and fellowships from institutions including Ford Foundation, Danforth Scholarship, National Endowment for the Arts, New York Foundation for the Arts, Rutgers University, and PEN, among others. She published a book on the poetry of Gustavo Adolfo Becquer and essays on Cervantes, Garcilaso, César Vallejo, Juan Ramon Jimenez and Federico García Lorca.

## Literary career

Braschi's work is situated in the Latino avant-garde, a "burgeoning body of work that testifies to Latino writers’ abiding interest in the avant-garde as a means for engaging ideas of material, social relevance". Her writings are also placed within the fields of Postcolonial, Postmodern, and Nuyorican literatures, as well as Latino political philosophy. Braschi is considered a "revolutionary voice" in contemporary Latin American literature".

### Spanish: *El Imperio de los sueños*

In the 1980s, Braschi wrote dramatic poetry in Spanish prose in New York City. Her postmodern poetry titles were published in Barcelona, Spain, including: *Asalto al tiempo* (Assault on Time, 1980), *La Comedia profana* (Profane Comedy, 1985), and *El Imperio de los sueños* (*Empire of Dreams*, 1988). She was part of the Nuyorican movement. New York City is the site and subject of much of her poetry. In a climactic episode of Braschi's *Empire of Dreams*, "Pastoral or the Inquisition of Memories", shepherds invade 5th Avenue during the Puerto Rican Day Parade and take over the City of New York; the shepherds ring the bells of St. Patrick's Cathedral, and seize the observation deck of the Empire State Building. Immigrant characters play the role of other characters, swapping names, genders, personal histories, and identities. Alicia Ostriker situates her gender-bending and genre-blending poetry as having a "sheer erotic energy that defies definition and dogma."

### Spanglish: *Yo-Yo Boing!*

She published the first full-length Spanglish novel *Yo-Yo Boing!* in 1998. *Yo-Yo Boing!* explores "the lived experiences of urban life for Hispanics, as in the case with New York City, and her principal interest is in representing how individuals move in and out of different cultural coordinates, including one so crucial as language." The book was written in an era of renewed calls for English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and corporate censorship. "For decades, Dominican and Puerto Rican authors have carried out a linguistic revolution", noted *The Boston Globe*, "and Giannina Braschi, especially in her novel *Yo-Yo Boing!*, testify to it".

### English: *United States of Banana*

Braschi published the geopolitical comic-tragedy *United States of Banana*, her first book written entirely in English, in 2011. It is a postmodern cross-genre work that opens with the collapse of the World Trade Center on 9/11. The work is a scathing critique of 21st-century capitalism and the global war on terror. Subjects include immigration, mass incarceration, financial terrorism, colonial debt structures, and "power imbalances within the Americas." The work is celebratory of foreign influences. Braschi stated in *Evergreen Review* that she considered herself "more French than Beckett, Picasso and Gertrude Stein", and identifies as the "granddaughter of Alfred Jarry and Antonin Artaud, bastard child of Samuel Beckett and James Joyce, half-sister to Heiner Müller, kissing cousin of Tadeusz Kantor, and lover of Witkiewicz".

## Adaptations and translations

Giannina Braschi's texts have been adapted and applied to popular culture and fields such as television comedy, chamber music, comic books, industrial design, and ecological urban planning. Michael Zansky has used Braschi's texts in his paintings and Michael Somoroff has created short films with her works. There is a theater play by Juan Pablo Felix and a graphic novel by Joakim Lindengren of United States of Banana. Puerto Rican composer Gabriel Bouche Caro has composed chamber music works with her poems. There is a namesake Giannina chair designed by American industrial designer Ian Stell. Her books have been translated into English by Tess O'Dwyer, into Spanish by Manuel Broncano, and into Swedish by Helena Eriksson and Hannah Nordenhok.

## Political activism

Braschi is an advocate for Puerto Rican independence. She declared the independence of Puerto Rico in *United States of Banana* and stated in the press that "Liberty is not an option — it is a human right." In the 1990s, she protested the United States Navy's bombing exercises in Vieques, along with politicians Rubén Berríos and Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., singers Danny Rivera and Willie Colón, and fellow authors Ana Lydia Vega and Rigoberta Menchú. Braschi spoke on a panel on "The New Censorship" at the PEN 2012 World Voices Festival where she offered "a critique of 21st century capitalism in which \[she\] condemned corporate censorship and control." In July 2019, Braschi led early marches outside La Fortaleza in Old San Juan to demand the resignation of Puerto Rican Governor Ricardo Rossello, and joined massive protests, with singers Bad Bunny, Residente, and Ricky Martin, that led to the Governor's resignation.

## Books

* *Urbanismo ecológico en América Latina*. *Mohsen Mostafavi,* Gareth Doherty, Marina Correia, Ana Maria Duran Calisto, and Luis Valenzuela (eds.). Editorial Gustavo Gili/Harvard University Graduate School of Design, 2019. ISBN 9788425229480.
* *Two Crowns of The Egg,* with Michael Somoroff, Donald Kuspit. ISBN 886208353X
* *Estados Unidos de Banana,* with Manuel Broncano, AmazonCrossing, Madrid, *2015. ISBN 978-1503934047*
* *United States of Banana,* AmazonCrossing, Seattle, 2011. ISBN 978-1611090673
* *Yo-Yo Boing!,* AmazonCrossing, Seattle, 2011.
* *Empire of Dreams,* AmazonCrossing, Seattle, 2011.
* *El imperio de los sueños*, Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, 2000.
* *Yo-Yo Boing!*, Latin American Literary Review, Pittsburgh, 1998.
* *Empire of Dreams* (English translation by Tess O'Dwyer; Introduction by Alicia Ostriker), Yale University Press, New Haven/London, 1994.
* *El imperio de los sueños*, Anthropos Editorial del hombre, Barcelona, 1988.
* *Libro de payasos y bufones*, Grafica Uno, Giorgio Upiglio, Milan, 1987.
* *La comedia profana*, Anthropos Editorial del hombre, Barcelona, 1985.
* *Asalto al tiempo*, Ambitos Literarios, Barcelona, 1980.

## Scholarly works

* *"Breve tratado del poeta artista"*, *Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos,* No. 433-36, 1986 (an essay on the poetry of Federico García Lorca).
* *"La gravedad de la armonía en ‘Soledades galerías y otros pomas’ de Machado,"* *Plural,* 1983 (an essay on the poetry of Antonio Machado).
* *"La poesía de Bécquer: El tiempo de los objetos o los espacios de la luz"*, *Costa Amic,* Mexico City, 1982 (a scholarly book on the poetry of Gustavo Adolfo Becquer).
* *"La Metamorfosis del ingenio en la Égloga III de Garcilaso,"* *Revista canadiense de estudios hispánicos,* 1979 (an essay on Garcilaso's third eclogue).
* *"Cinco personajes fugaces en el camino de Don Quijote"*, *Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos,* No. 328, 1977 (an essay on *Don Quixote* by Cervantes).

## Awards and honors

## Further reading

* Aldama, Frederick Luis, Ilan Stavans, and Tess O'Dwyer. (2020) *Poets, Philosophers, Lovers: On the Writings of Giannina Braschi*. U Pittsburgh. ISBN 9780822946182
* Gonzalez, Christopher. (2017) *Permissible Narratives: The Promise of Latino/a Literature*. The Ohio State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8142-5441-7
* Gonzales, Madelena and Laplace-Claverie, Helene, “Minority Theatre on the Global Stage: Challenging Paradigms from the Margins," Cambridge Scholars, Newcastle, England, page xix and pages 255–264, 2012.
* Marting, Diane E. (2010). "New/Nueva York in Giannina Braschi's 'Poetic Egg': Fragile Identity, Postmodernism, and Globalization." *The Global South* 4:1.
* Torres-Padilla, J.L. (2007). "When Hybridity Doesn't Resist: Giannina Braschi's Yo-Yo Boing! In Complicating Constructions: Race, Ethnicity, and Hybridity in American Texts. U. of Washington P. Eds. David S. Goldstein and Audrey B. Thacker, 290-307.
* Popovich, Ljudmila Mila (2010). "Metafictions, Migrations, Metalives: Narrative Innovations and Migrant Women’s Aesthetics in Giannina Braschi and Etel Adnan." *International Journal of the Humanities* 9:10. pp. 117–128.
* Zimmerman, Marc (2011). "Defending Their Own in the Cold: The Cultural Turns of U.S. Puerto Ricans", University of Illinois, Chicago

1. Library of Congress, National Book Festival, Giannina Braschi.
2. , The Evergreen Review:"United States of Banana" Reviewed by Cristina Garrigos and Daniela Daniele (2011)
3. Archived 2017-10-16 at the Wayback Machine, WAPA TV, "Escritora puertorriqueña que poco a poco se ha abierto paso en Estados Unidos" by Normando Valentín, December 2011.
4. Video on YouTube, television program in Spanish, "Celebrities desde Nueva York," con Alfonso Diaz, (Giannina Braschi on the collapse of the American Empire on September 11), November 2011.
5. , "What to Read Now: Mixed-Genre Literature," World Literature Today, September–October 2012.

## InfoBox

| Giannina Braschi | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1953-02-05) February 5, 1953<br>San Juan, Puerto Rico |
| Occupation | * Poet * novelist * dramatist * philosopher |
| Nationality | Puerto Rican |
| Period | 1981–present |
| Genre | poetry, theater, novel, political philosophy |
| Subject | Immigration, independence, Capitalism, terrorism, Puerto Rico, revolution, love, American imperialism, September 11 attacks |
| Literary movement | Postmodernism, Postcolonialism, Nuyorican, McOndo |
| Notable works | *Yo-Yo Boing!*; *Empire of Dreams*; *United States of Banana* |
| Notable awards | National Endowment for the Arts Fellow, PEN/Open Book Award, New York Foundation for the Arts, Danforth Scholarship, Ford Foundation, Rutgers Faculty Grant |
| Relatives | Miguel Braschi, brother |
| Website | |
| gianninabraschi.com | |


title: Prince of Darkness (Manichaeism)

abstract: In Manichaean cosmology, the world of darkness, which invaded the world of light in a lustful desire to mingle with the light, is ruled by five evil Archons, who together make up the Prince of Darkness. The Father of Greatness parries the assault by evoking a number of entities, who sacrifice themselves and are absorbed by the Prince of Darkness; however, tricked by the Father of Greatness, their existence now depends on the light they absorbed. To prevent the light particles from returning into their divine origin, they counter by giving birth to two demonic beings: Sakla and Nebroel. As the strict anti-thesis of the pure light, the Prince of Darkness cannot create ex nihilo, but only by copulation.

text:
# Prince of Darkness (Manichaeism)

In Manichaean cosmology, the world of darkness, which invaded the world of light in a lustful desire to mingle with the light, is ruled by five evil Archons (demon, dragon, eagle, fish and lion), who together make up the **Prince of Darkness**. The Father of Greatness parries the assault by evoking a number of entities, who sacrifice themselves and are absorbed by the Prince of Darkness; however, tricked by the Father of Greatness, their existence now depends on the light they absorbed. To prevent the light particles from returning into their divine origin, they counter by giving birth to two demonic beings: Sakla and Nebroel. As the strict anti-thesis of the pure light, the Prince of Darkness cannot create ex nihilo, but only by copulation.

## Polytheism and dualism

Augustine of Hippo, who converted from Manichaeism to Christianity, criticised the Manichaeans for polytheism and paganism, stating that Manichaeans, due to their dualistic cosmology, believe in two different deities. The Manichaean bishop Faustus of Mileve defends Manichaeism by stating that Catholics erroneously assume that the Prince of Darkness had a divine essence, while in fact, the Prince of Darkness does not share any attributes with the Divine, thus Manichaeism would not worship multiple gods, but rather one true god. They are both two different principles: although eternally existing, clearly distinct. Only the light particles within humans are consubstantial to the Divine.

## Alternative names

Manichaean missionaries adjusted the name of the Prince of Darkness depending on the audience. Towards Christians, they commonly used the name *Satanas*. In relation to Islam, the expression Iblīs al-Qadīm (*The Ancient Iblis*) can be found, but is also referred to as al-Šayṭān. In Iranian Manichaeism, he was called Ahriman. In Old Turkish, he is called *šmnw*.


title: Zojirushi

abstract: Zojirushi Corporation The Zojirushi Corporation is a Japanese multinational manufacturer and marketer of vacuum flasks, beverage dispensers, and consumer electronics including bread machines, electric kettles, hot water dispensers, electric water boilers and rice cookers. It has a branch in South Korea and subsidiary companies in Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, and the United States. Zojirushi is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. The company was founded in 1918 as the Ichikawa Brothers Trading Company in Osaka and in 1948 was changed to Kyowa Manufacturing Co., Ltd. In 1961, its name was changed again from Kyowa Manufacturing Co., Ltd to the Zojirushi Corporation and its corporate logo, including an elephant, was adopted. Some Zojirushi rice cooker models include a coating of Sumiflon (スミフロン), a self-cleaning fluoropolymer-aluminium composite developed by Sumitomo Electric.

text:
# Zojirushi

The **Zojirushi Corporation** (象印マホービン株式会社, *Zōjirushi Mahōbin Kabushiki-gaisha*) is a Japanese multinational manufacturer and marketer of vacuum flasks, beverage dispensers, and consumer electronics including bread machines, electric kettles, hot water dispensers, electric water boilers and rice cookers. It has a branch in South Korea and subsidiary companies in Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, and the United States. Zojirushi is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange.

The company was founded in 1918 as the Ichikawa Brothers Trading Company in Osaka and in 1948 was changed to Kyowa Manufacturing Co., Ltd. In 1961, its name was changed again from Kyowa Manufacturing Co., Ltd to the Zojirushi Corporation and its corporate logo, including an elephant (*Zōjirushi* means "elephant mark"), was adopted.

Some Zojirushi rice cooker models include a coating of Sumiflon (スミフロン), a self-cleaning fluoropolymer-aluminium composite developed by Sumitomo Electric.

## InfoBox

Zojirushi Corporation
象印マホービン株式会社
|
|  |
|
| Company type | Public KK |
| Traded as | TYO: 7965 |
| Founded | 1918 (1918) |
| Headquarters | Osaka, Japan |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Products | Rice Cookers, Vacuum Flasks, Hot Water Dispensers |
| Revenue | JPY 84.6 billion (FY 2018) (US$ 765.9 million) (FY 2018) |
| Number of employees | 1,198 (2013) |
| Website | zojirushi-world.com |


title: Vittorio Mathieu

abstract: Vittorio Mathieu was an Italian philosopher and historian.

text:
# Vittorio Mathieu

**Vittorio Mathieu** (12 December 1923 – 30 September 2020) was an Italian philosopher and historian.

## Biography

Mathieu was born in 1923 in Varazze. After his secondary studies, he enrolled in the Faculty of Law in Turin. He graduated from the University of Turin with a degree in theoretical philosophy.

Mathieu became a professor of theoretical philosophy at the University of Trieste in 1961. He then became a professor emeritus of moral philosophy at the University of Turin.

In 1994, Mathieu helped start the Forza Italia movement alongside Silvio Berlusconi, Lucio Colletti, and others. In July 2010, there were reports of Mathieu's membership in Opus Dei, but these rumors were denied by both Opus Dei and Mathieu in an address to the editorial staff of *Corriere della Sera*.

Throughout his career, Vittorio Mathieu made significant contributions in the fields of philosophy of science, history of philosophy, aesthetics, and civil philosophy. He died in Chivasso on 30 September 2020 at the age of 96.

## Works

* *Bergson* (1954)
* *La filosofia trascendentale e l'Opus postumum di Kant* (1958)
* *Leibniz e Des Bosses* (1960)
* *L'oggettività nella scienza e nella filosofia contemporanea* (1960)
* *Il problema dell'esperienza* (1963)
* *Dio nel "Libro d'ore" di R. M. Rilke* (1968)
* *Dialettica della libertà* (1970)
* *La speranza nella rivoluzione* (1972)
* *Vincenzo Filippone-Thaulero* (1973)
* *Phénoménologie de l'esprit révolutionnaire* (1974)
* "Temi e problemi della filosofia contemporanea" (1977)
* *Perché punire* (1980)
* *Cancro in Occidente* (1983)
* *La voce, la musica, il demoniaco. Con un saggio sull'interpretazione musicale* (1983)
* *Filosofia del denaro* (1985)
* *Elzeviri swiftiani* (1986)
* *La mia prospettiva filosofica* (1988)
* *Gioco e lavoro* (1989)
* *La speranza nella rivoluzione* (1992)
* *Il problema del nazionalismo* (1992)
* *Perché leggere Plotino* (1992)
* *L'opus postumum di Kant* (1992)
* *Tipologia dei sistemi e origine della loro unità* (1994)
* *Orfeo e il suo canto. Scritti (1952-1993)* (1996)
* *Il nulla, la musica, la luce* (1996)
* *Il problema della fedeltà ermeneutica* (1998)
* *Per una cultura dell'essere* (1998)
* *L'uomo animale ermeneutico* (2001)
* *Le radici classiche dell'Europa* (2002)
* *Goethe e il suo diavolo custode* (2002)
* *Privacy e dignità dell'uomo. Una teoria della persona* (2004)
* *Come leggere Plotino* (2004)
* *Perché punire. Il collasso della giustizia penale* (2008)
* *Introduzione a Leibniz* (2008)
* *In tre giorni* (2010)
* *La filosofia* (2014)

## InfoBox

| Vittorio Mathieu | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 12 December 1923
Varazze, Kingdom of Italy |
| Died | 30 September 2020(2020-09-30) (aged 96)
Chivasso, Italy |
| Nationality | Italian |
| Occupation(s) | Philosopher
Historian |


title: No 8 mine

abstract: The No 8 mine is a South African circular plastic cased minimum metal anti-tank blast mine. The mine has a large pressure plate on top of which is an oversize arming lever whose position at either of two sets of lugs either indicates "ARMED" or "SAFE". The mine can be fitted with a number of electronic anti-handling devices as well as seismic and magnetic influence devices. The mine is found in Angola, Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

text:
# No 8 mine

The **No 8 mine** is a South African circular plastic cased minimum metal anti-tank blast mine. The mine has a large pressure plate on top of which is an oversize arming lever whose position at either of two sets of lugs either indicates "ARMED" or "SAFE". The mine can be fitted with a number of electronic anti-handling devices as well as seismic and magnetic influence devices. The mine is found in Angola, Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

## Specifications

* Diameter: 259 mm
* Height: 175 mm
* Weight: 7.4 kg
* Explosive content: 7 kg of a 60/40 RDX/TNT mix.
* Operating pressure: 150 to 220 kg

* *Jane's Mines and Mine Warfare 2005-2006*


title: Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center

abstract: The Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center is a joint venture between General Motors and SAIC Motor. It is a design and engineering center in Pudong, Shanghai, China, and is involved in engineering for Shanghai GM products, but also functions as one out of six technical development and design centers worldwide of General Motors.

text:
# Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center

The **Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center** (or **PATAC**) is a joint venture between General Motors and SAIC Motor. It is a design and engineering center in Pudong, Shanghai, China, and is involved in engineering for Shanghai GM products, but also functions as one out of six technical development and design centers worldwide of General Motors.

## Overview

PATAC has prepared several global GM vehicles for the Chinese market. From PATAC's own development come the Chevrolet Sail and the second generation Buick GL8. The facelifted Chevrolet Aveo (T200) sedan was also designed in collaboration with PATAC. The centre is also creating every two years a concept car, a total of seven until 2013. Among them two concepts of a new Buick Riviera, in 2007 and 2013.

PATAC disposes of various facilities for design and for motor vehicle development and evaluation, among them a climate wind tunnel, opened on March 27, 2012.

PATAC also manages together with Shanghai GM the 5.67-square-kilometer proving ground in Guangde County, Anhui (31°02′39″N 119°25′33″E / 31.044266°N 119.425751°E / 31.044266; 119.425751) with 60 km test roads, opened on September 22, 2012.

The joint-venture PATAC is not to be confused with GM China's own GM China Advanced Technical Center (ATC), which is located in Shanghai next to the GM China headquarters.

## Sources

## InfoBox

Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center Co. Ltd
|
|  |
| Trade name | PATAC |
| Native name | 泛亚汽车技术中心有限公司 |
| Company type | Joint-venture |
| Industry | Automotive |
| Founded | Shanghai, China June 12, 1997 (1997-06-12) |
| Headquarters | Pudong, Shanghai, China |
| Key people | * Mark LaBaere (president) * Liu Qiming (Executive vice president) * Wu Donghai (Vice president) * Frederique Klein (Vice president and CFO) |
| Services | Localisation of global GM vehicles for China, new developments |
| Owner |  |
| Number of employees | 2000 (in 2011) |
| Website | www.patac.com.cn |


title: Shaq Fu

abstract: Shaq Fu is a 2D fighting game published by Electronic Arts for the Sega Genesis and Super NES on October 28, 1994. It was developed by Delphine Software International. Versions for the Game Gear, Game Boy, and Amiga followed in 1995. Former professional basketball player Shaquille O'Neal is the player character. Shaq Fu was met with mixed responses from critics upon release, though it has since come to be considered one of the worst video games ever made. A sequel, Shaq Fu: A Legend Reborn, was released in 2018.

text:
# Shaq Fu

***Shaq Fu*** is a 2D fighting game published by Electronic Arts for the Sega Genesis and Super NES on October 28, 1994. It was developed by Delphine Software International. Versions for the Game Gear, Game Boy, and Amiga followed in 1995. Former professional basketball player Shaquille O'Neal is the player character.

*Shaq Fu* was met with mixed responses from critics upon release, though it has since come to be considered one of the worst video games ever made. A sequel, *Shaq Fu: A Legend Reborn*, was released in 2018.

## Plot

In the game's storyline, Shaquille O'Neal walks into a dojo while heading to a charity basketball game in Tokyo, Japan. After speaking with Leotsu, a martial arts master, Shaq goes to another dimension, the Second World, where he must rescue a young boy named Nezu from the evil mummy Sett Ra.

## Development

After Shaquille O'Neal was signed on to appear in a video game for publisher Electronic Arts, the EA staff were inspired to put him in a fighting game because they had heard of O'Neal's interest in martial arts.

## Ports

The Genesis version of *Shaq Fu* has five more playable characters (Auroch, Colonel, Diesel, Leotsu, and Nezu) and three more stages (The Lab, The Wasteland, and Yasko Mines) than the Super NES version, thus the Genesis version has a longer story mode. The North Gate/South Gate stage is accessible in the SNES version with a cheat code, whereas the Genesis version has the North Gate/South Gate stage available by default. The Amiga version contains the same content as the Genesis version (it keeps the text "Licensed by Sega Enterprises, LTD" left over from that version on the title screen), though the backgrounds have no animation. It also only has three tunes; there is no background music during the fights.

The Game Boy version has the same seven characters as the Super NES version, whereas the Game Gear version only has six characters (Shaq, Leotsu, Mephis, Rajah, Kaori, and Sett Ra). Both the Game Boy and Game Gear versions lack a tournament mode and in-game voices.

Both the Genesis and SNES versions of the game contain a hidden button sequence that initiates a "blood code" in the spirit of *Mortal Kombat*. The blood effects are subdued and minor, which kept the game at its "MA-13" (known by modern rating standard as "T") rating, but the blood code gives access to finishing moves that are triggered by striking the opponent in a certain way to end the match.

## Reception

*Shaq Fu* received mixed reviews at the time of its release. *GamePro* gave the SNES version a positive review, saying that the unusually small size of the sprites is balanced out by the incredibly fast game speed. They also praised the "ultra sharp" controls and impressive digitized graphics. They reviewed the Genesis version as superior to the SNES version due to its additional characters and improved controls, and concluded that the game is "fun once you get used to the small, fast sprites". One *Electronic Gaming Monthly* reviewer scored the game as a 6/10, while another gave it a 4/10. It received a grade of D from *Entertainment Weekly*. *GamesMaster* gave the Genesis and SNES versions 81% and 83% respectively. *Mean Machines Sega Magazine* gave the Genesis version 79%. *Next Generation* reviewed the Genesis version of the game, rating it two stars out of five, and stated that "*Shaq Fu* includes everything a good fighting game needs, with the exception of good fighting". In contrast to their positive reactions to the SNES and Genesis versions, *GamePro* panned the Game Boy release, saying it dumbs down the gameplay, loses so much graphical detail that the characters are unrecognizable, and makes the music far too pervasive.

Retrospective criticism of the game has been generally negative. GameTrailers rated it number 4 Worst in their "Top Ten Best and Worst Video Games". In the September 1997, *Nintendo Power* had 12 staff members vote in a list for the top 100 games of all time. This list also included a 10 worst games of all-time list voted by the staff, which placed *Shaq Fu* at 3rd worst place on their list. The article stated that it was "not possible to come up with a worse idea than this". The same year, *Electronic Gaming Monthly* ranked it number 10 on their "Top 10 Worst Games of All Time". In response to the negative feedback to the game, Levi Buchanan from *IGN* stated it was undeserved as a result of collective exaggerations.

## Sequel

A sequel, *Shaq Fu: A Legend Reborn*, was released on June 5, 2018 for Microsoft Windows, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, iOS and Android.

## InfoBox

| Shaq Fu | |
| --- | --- |
| Genesis box cover | |
| Developer(s) |  |
| Publisher(s) |  |
| Designer(s) | Paul Cuisset |
| Composer(s) | Raphaël Gesqua |
| Platform(s) |  |
| Release | * **Genesis**     + NA: October 28, 1994     + EU: 1994 * **SNES**     + NA: October 28, 1994     + EU: 1994 * **Game Gear** * **Game Boy** * **Amiga** |
| Genre(s) | Fighting |
| Mode(s) | Single-player, multi-player |


title: Mikko Kavén

abstract: Mikko Juhani Kavén is a retired Finnish football goalkeeper who used to play for Tampere United in Finland's Veikkausliiga. He is currently acting as goalkeeping coach in Veikkausliiga side Ilves.

text:
# Mikko Kavén

**Mikko Juhani Kavén** (born 19 February 1975) is a retired Finnish football goalkeeper who used to play for Tampere United in Finland's Veikkausliiga.

He is currently acting as goalkeeping coach in Veikkausliiga side Ilves.

## Club career

Kavén has also played for Kuusysi and HJK Helsinki in Finland and for Motherwell F.C. in Scotland and Vålerenga I.F. in Norway.

In 1998, he was part of the HJK squad that qualified for the UEFA Champions League group stage.

## International career

Kavén played 15 times for Finnish national team before retiring from international games in January 2008.

## Career statistics

*As of 1 September 2024.*

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
| Club | Season | League | | | Cup | | League cup | | Europe | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Kuusysi | 1994 | Veikkausliiga | 18 | 0 |  | |  | |  | | 18 | 0 |
| | 1995 | Veikkausliiga | 18 | 0 |  | |  | |  | | 18 | 0 |
| | 1996 | Ykkönen | 26 | 0 |  | |  | |  | | 26 | 0 |
| | Total | | 62 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 62 | 0 |
| HJK | 1997 | Veikkausliiga | 5 | 0 |  | |  | | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| | 1998 | Veikkausliiga | 5 | 0 |  | |  | | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| | Total | | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
| Motherwell | 1998–99 | Scottish Premier League | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | | 10 | 0 |
| Vålerenga | 1999 | Tippeligaen | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 |  | | 2 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| | 2000 | Tippeligaen | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | |  | | 4 | 0 |
| | Total | | 7 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
| Tampere United | 2001 | Veikkausliiga | 33 | 0 | 1 | 0 |  | |  | | 34 | 0 |
| | 2002 | Veikkausliiga | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | | 1 | 0 | 30 | 0 |
| | 2003 | Veikkausliiga | 26 | 0 |  | |  | | 6 | 0 | 32 | 0 |
| | 2004 | Veikkausliiga | 26 | 0 |  | |  | | 6 | 0 | 32 | 0 |
| | 2005 | Veikkausliiga | 26 | 0 |  | |  | | 6 | 0 | 32 | 0 |
| | 2006 | Veikkausliiga | 24 | 0 |  | |  | | 4 | 0 | 28 | 0 |
| | 2007 | Veikkausliiga | 26 | 0 | 1 | 0 |  | | 8 | 0 | 35 | 0 |
| | 2008 | Veikkausliiga | 26 | 0 | 1 | 0 |  | | 4 | 0 | 31 | 0 |
| | 2009 | Veikkausliiga | 15 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 6 | 0 |  | | 25 | 0 |
| | 2010 | Veikkausliiga | 12 | 0 |  | |  | |  | | 12 | 0 |
| | Total | | 243 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 35 | 0 | 291 | 0 |
| Career total | | | 332 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 37 | 0 | 383 | 0 |

## Honours

**Tampere United**

**HJK**

**Individual**

* Veikkausliiga Goalkeeper of the Year: 2001, 2004, 2005, 2006

1. Ilveksen valmennusryhmä kasassa Archived 22 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine (in Finnish)
2. Tongue, Steve (4 March 1999). "Football: Chelsea plan to overcome Olsen obstacle". *The Independent*. London. Archived from the original on 14 May 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2009.
3. Mikko Kavén stats, Finnish FA

## InfoBox

Mikko Kavén
| Kavén with TamU in 2007 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Mikko Juhani Kavén | | |
| Date of birth | (1975-02-19) 19 February 1975 | | |
| Place of birth | Lahti, Finland | | |
| Height | 1.89 m (6 ft 2+12 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1994–1996 | Kuusysi | 62 | (0) |
| 1997–1998 | HJK | 10 | (0) |
| 1998–1999 | Motherwell | 16 | (0) |
| 1999–2000 | Vålerenga | 7 | (0) |
| 2001–2010 | Tampere United | 231 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 2000– 2007 | Finland | 15 | (0) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 2011–2022 | Ilves (gk coach) | | |
| 2014 | Finland U20 (gk coach) | | |
| 2018–2022 | Finland U21 (gk coach) | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 2009<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 8 November 2009 | | | |


title: Gianni di Parigi

abstract: Gianni di Parigi is an 1839 melodramma comico in two acts with music by Gaetano Donizetti to a libretto by Felice Romani, which had previously been set by Francesco Morlacchi in 1818 and by Giovanni Antonio Speranza in 1836. It is derived from Jean de Paris, an 1812 opera by François-Adrien Boieldieu with a libretto by Claude Godard d'Aucourt de Saint-Just, which had been performed in Naples in 1816.

text:
# Gianni di Parigi

***Gianni di Parigi*** is an 1839 *melodramma comico* (*opera buffa*) in two acts with music by Gaetano Donizetti to a libretto by Felice Romani, which had previously been set by Francesco Morlacchi in 1818 and by Giovanni Antonio Speranza in 1836.

It is derived from *Jean de Paris*, an 1812 opera by François-Adrien Boieldieu with a libretto by Claude Godard d'Aucourt de Saint-Just, which had been performed in Naples in 1816.

## Composition history

According to Charles Osborne, the research of Swedish musicologist Anders Wiklund suggests that Donizetti may have begun composing the music for the opera between 1828 and 1830 for a projected performance in Naples which did not occur. It is established with certainty that Donizetti completed the score in 1831, intending it as a vehicle for the popular tenor Giovanni Battista Rubini, who had created the role of Percy in Donizetti's *Anna Bolena* on 26 December 1830, and to whom Donizetti presented the completed score in 1831. Apparently Rubini did not seriously promote it with opera managements, but somehow it was acquired by Bartolomeo Merelli, who became impresario of La Scala in 1836 and despite the protests of Donizetti produced it there in 1839.

Jeremy Commons, however, points out that Wiklund discovered that in Donizetti's autograph score in the Naples Conservatorio di Musica San Pietro a Majella the overture is clearly dated 1828. Commons notes that the opera's style fits better with florid operas of the 1820s such as *Gianni di Calais* than with the more romantic 1830s operas such as *L'elisir d'amore*, and Wiklund suggests that Neapolitan elements in the opera indicate that it was composed in Naples where Donizetti was active in the 1820s. A further score of 1832, with some revisions by the composer (including the omission of the Neapolitan elements), is located in the Casa Ricordi archives in Milan. This may be the score which Donizetti presented to Rubini, who presumably passed it through the hands of Giovanni Ricordi to Merelli.

The sparkling overture includes a theme which is quite similar to that of Don Profondo's aria Medaglie Incomparabili from *Il viaggio a Reims* by Rossini.

## Performance history

The opera premiered on 10 September 1839 at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan, where it received twelve performances. There were seventeen further performances in 1845 at the Teatro Regio (Turin) and ten in 1846 at the Teatro San Carlo in Naples, but it was not staged subsequently until December 1985 in New York by the Vineyard Opera Shop, in a much reduced arrangement for piano, flute, clarinet and bassoon. It was revived by the Donizetti Festival in Bergamo in 1988 and 1991. A new production in 2010 at the Festival della Valle d'Itria at Martina Franca was revived by Wexford Festival Opera in October 2011.

## Roles

Roles, voice types, premiere cast
| Role | Voice type | Premiere cast, 10 September 1839
(Conductor: – ) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The Princess of Navarre | soprano | Antonietta Marini-Rainieri |
| Il Gran Siniscalco, *her seneschal* | bass | Ignazio Marini |
| Gianni di Parigi, *the disguised Dauphin of France* | tenor | Lorenzo Salvi |
| Pedrigo, *an inn-keeper* | bass | Agostino Rovere |
| Lorezza, *his daughter* | mezzo-soprano | Marietta Sacchi |
| Oliviero, *Gianni's page* | contralto | Felicita Baillou-Hillaret |
| *Followers of the Princess and of Gianni, waiters* | | |

## Synopsis

Place: Provence Time: 14th century

Pedrigo, an innkeeper from Provence, is preparing his inn for the arrival of the Princess of Navarre who ordered her lunch and lodging in advance, but before her arrival comes a rich citizen from Paris, Gianni, who pays him as twice as much and gets hold of the place. To everyone's surprise, when the princess arrives she accepts the situation with good humor – and that is because she recognizes Gianni as King Philip de Valois's son. Finally both princess and prince (after taking off his disguise) fall in love and are prepared to get married.

## Recordings

| Year | Cast: Princess,
Gran Siniscalco,
Gianni,
Pedrigo | Conductor,
opera house and orchestra | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1988 | Luciana Serra,
Angelo Romero,
Giuseppe Morino,
Enrico Fissore | Carlo Cillario,
Italian Radio Symphony Orchestra and Chorus
(Recorded at performances at the Bergamo Festival, 18, 20, 22, 25 September) | CD: Nuovo Era
Cat: 6752-6753 |
| 2010 | Ekaterina Lekhina,
Roberto de Candia,
Edgardo Rocha,
Andrea Porta | Giacomo Sagripanti,
orchestra and Slovakian Choir of Bratislava | DVD: Bongiovanni,
Cat: AB 20025 |
|

## Scores

An autograph of the score is held at the Conservatorio di San Pietro a Majella in Naples. Since neither of the first two productions were supervised by Donizetti, it reflects changes made by other hands, which are evident from the differences in the two librettos and the presence of considerable non-autograph materials in the Naples score. There is also a score in the Ricordi Archives in Milan with significant autograph additions not found in the one in Naples.

**Notes**

**Cited sources**

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Gianni di Parigi | |
| --- | --- |
| Opera by Gaetano Donizetti | |
| Gaetano Donizetti c. 1835 | |
| Librettist | Felice Romani |
| Language | Italian |
| Based on | François-Adrien Boieldieu's *Jean de Paris* |
| Premiere | 10 September 1839 (1839-09-10)
Teatro San Carlo, Naples |


title: Prince of Darkness (Nosferatu album)

abstract: Prince of Darkness is the third studio album by the English Gothic rock band Nosferatu. It is the band's first album to feature lead vocalist Dominic LaVey. The album was released September 1996 by Cleopatra Records in the United States and Canada, and in August 1996 in the United Kingdom and Germany on Hades Records.

text:
# Prince of Darkness (Nosferatu album)

***Prince of Darkness*** is the third studio album by the English Gothic rock band Nosferatu. It is the band's first album to feature lead vocalist Dominic LaVey. The album was released September 1996 by Cleopatra Records in the United States and Canada, and in August 1996 in the United Kingdom and Germany on Hades Records.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Eye of the Watcher" |  |
| 2. | "Ravage" |  |
| 3. | "Uninvited Guest" |  |
| 4. | "The Haunting \[Main Mix\]" |  |
| 5. | "Into the Night" |  |
| 6. | "The Passing" |  |
| 7. | "Graveyard Shift" |  |
| 8. | "The Haunting \[Swamp Mix\]" |  |
| 9. | "The Hunger" |  |
| 10. | "Invocation" |  |

## Credits and personnel

* Damien DeVille: Lead guitar, keyboards and drum machine programming
* Dominic LaVey: Vocals and keyboards
* Dante Savarelle: Bass Guitar

## InfoBox

| Prince of Darkness | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Nosferatu | |
| Released | September 1996 |
| Genre | Gothic rock |
| Label | Cleopatra Records, Hades |
| Producer | Dominic LaVey, Damien DeVille, Doc. Milton |
| Nosferatu chronology | |
| *The Prophecy*
(1994) ***Prince of Darkness***
(1996) *Lord of the Flies*
(1998) | |


title: Zolfe Orange

abstract: The Zolfe Orange is a car announced at the Autosport show in January 2006 built by Zolfe in Redditch, Worcestershire, United Kingdom. The car has a spaceframe chassis and composite body, with rear-drive. As shown originally the car had a Suzuki motor cycle engine but it was decided to lengthen the wheelbase for greater practicality and production cars have either a Mazda engine or a 2.3-litre Ford Duratec engine in various states of tune up to 300 bhp. The transmission is based on that from a Mazda MX5. A production rate of 30 cars a year is hoped for. A special feature of the car is its very low weight of under 700 kg. For production cars the name was changed to the Zolfe GTC4. Four variants are offered: the Sprintz is the basic road car; the Speedz is intended for track use and has a six speed gearbox and limited slip differential; the Sportz is a road going version of the Speedz with a little extra comfort and the Zolfster will be an open version of the car. The company is dissolved on 16 August 2016.

text:
# Zolfe Orange

The **Zolfe Orange** is a car announced at the Autosport show in January 2006 built by Zolfe in Redditch, Worcestershire, United Kingdom.

The car has a spaceframe chassis and composite body, with rear-drive. As shown originally the car had a Suzuki motor cycle engine but it was decided to lengthen the wheelbase for greater practicality and production cars have either a Mazda engine or a 2.3-litre Ford Duratec engine in various states of tune up to 300 bhp. The transmission is based on that from a Mazda MX5. A production rate of 30 cars a year is hoped for. A special feature of the car is its very low weight of under 700 kg.

For production cars the name was changed to the Zolfe GTC4. Four variants are offered: the Sprintz is the basic road car; the Speedz is intended for track use and has a six speed gearbox and limited slip differential; the Sportz is a road going version of the Speedz with a little extra comfort and the Zolfster will be an open version of the car.

The company is dissolved on 16 August 2016.

## InfoBox

| Zolfe Classic GTC4 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Zolfe |
| Model years | 2009 |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | Coupe |


title: Maurits Binger

abstract: Maurits Binger was a Dutch film director, producer and screenwriter of the silent era. He directed 39 films between 1913 and 1922 and is considered one of the pioneers of fictional films in the Netherlands. Binger's studio and base of operations was in Haarlem, North Holland. Between 1919 and 1923 he was managing director of Anglo-Hollandia an attempt to break into the larger British market. There is a film institute in the Netherlands in his name. He is sometimes referred to as Maurice Binger.

text:
# Maurits Binger

**Maurits Binger** (5 April 1868  9 April 1923) was a Dutch film director, producer and screenwriter of the silent era. He directed 39 films between 1913 and 1922 and is considered one of the pioneers of fictional films in the Netherlands. Binger's studio and base of operations was in Haarlem, North Holland. Between 1919 and 1923 he was managing director of Anglo-Hollandia an attempt to break into the larger British market. There is a film institute in the Netherlands in his name. He is sometimes referred to as **Maurice Binger**.

## Filmography

## InfoBox

| Maurits Binger | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1868-04-05)5 April 1868
Haarlem, Netherlands |
| Died | 9 April 1923(1923-04-09) (aged 55)
Wiesbaden, Germany |
| Occupation(s) | Film director
Film producer
Screenwriter |
| Years active | 1913–1922 |