title: Maryland Route 224

abstract: Maryland Route 224 is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. The highway runs 26.70 miles (42.97 km) from MD 6 at Riverside north to MD 227 at Pomonkey. MD 224 is a C-shaped route that mostly parallels the Potomac River through southwestern Charles County. The northern part of the highway passes through the villages of Chicamuxen, Rison, Marbury, and Mason Springs on the south side of Mattawoman Creek. MD 224 originally included Livingston Road north from Pomonkey through Accokeek, Piscataway, and Oxon Hill in southwestern Prince George's County to Washington, D.C. This highway connected Washington with Fort Washington and the Naval Proving Ground at Indian Head. MD 224 was constructed from Mason Springs north to Bryans Road and from Oxon Hill south to Piscataway in the early to mid-1920s. The highway was built from Mason Springs south to Rison in the mid-1920s and completed to its original southern terminus at Doncaster along what is now MD 344 in the late 1920s. MD 224 was completed when the portion through Accokeek was built in the early 1930s. The Riverside–Chicamuxen highway was constructed as MD 563, which began construction in the mid-1930s and was finished in the late 1940s. MD 224 north of Mason Springs was functionally replaced by the construction of what is now MD 210 during World War II and then removed from the state highway system in the mid-1950s. MD 224 replaced MD 563 from Chicamuxen to Riverside in the mid-1950s and was extended to its present northern terminus at Pomonkey in the early 1960s.

text:
# Maryland Route 224

**Maryland Route 224** (**MD 224**) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. The highway runs 26.70 miles (42.97 km) from MD 6 at Riverside north to MD 227 at Pomonkey. MD 224 is a C-shaped route that mostly parallels the Potomac River through southwestern Charles County. The northern part of the highway passes through the villages of Chicamuxen, Rison, Marbury, and Mason Springs on the south side of Mattawoman Creek. MD 224 originally included Livingston Road north from Pomonkey through Accokeek, Piscataway, and Oxon Hill in southwestern Prince George's County to Washington, D.C. This highway connected Washington with Fort Washington and the Naval Proving Ground at Indian Head.

MD 224 was constructed from Mason Springs north to Bryans Road and from Oxon Hill south to Piscataway in the early to mid-1920s. The highway was built from Mason Springs south to Rison in the mid-1920s and completed to its original southern terminus at Doncaster along what is now MD 344 in the late 1920s. MD 224 was completed when the portion through Accokeek was built in the early 1930s. The RiversideChicamuxen highway was constructed as MD 563, which began construction in the mid-1930s and was finished in the late 1940s. MD 224 north of Mason Springs was functionally replaced by the construction of what is now MD 210 during World War II and then removed from the state highway system in the mid-1950s. MD 224 replaced MD 563 from Chicamuxen to Riverside in the mid-1950s and was extended to its present northern terminus at Pomonkey in the early 1960s.

## Route description

MD 224 begins at an intersection with MD 6 (Port Tobacco Road) just north of the latter highway's western terminus at the Potomac River in Riverside. MD 224 heads west as two-lane undivided Riverside Road through densely forested southwestern Charles County, paralleling the left bank of the Potomac River about 1 mile (1.6 km) inland. Near Maryland Point, which is the southernmost point on the portion of Charles County around which the Potomac River flows, the state highway narrows from 22 to 16 feet (6.7 to 4.9 m). West of Maryland Point Road, MD 224 temporarily narrows to 14 feet (4.3 m). The highway crosses Thorne Gut and gradually curves to the north, then passes through the Purse Area of Nanjemoy Wildlife Management Area. The highway widens from 16 feet (4.9 m) at its intersection with Liverpool Point Road west of Nanjemoy. The 10-mile (16 km) portion of MD 224 between MD 6 and Liverpool Point Road had an average annual daily traffic measure of 114 vehicles per day in 2011.

MD 224 continues north parallel to the Potomac River and passes to the east of Mallows Bay. The highway follows Riverside Road to its northern end at Chicamuxen Road, which heads south as MD 344. MD 224 turns north onto Chicamuxen Road and veers east across Reeder Run and through the hamlet of Chicamuxen. MD 224 passes along the southern edge of Chicamuxen Wildlife Management Area and intersects Stump Neck Road, which leads to the Naval Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technology Division. The state highway passes through the villages of Rison, the site of Smallwood State Park, and Marbury, where the road crosses Marbury Run. The state highway passes through Mattawoman Natural Environmental Area, passes north of Henry E. Lackey High School, and intersects the northern end of MD 425 (Mason Springs Road) at Mason Springs before joining MD 225 (Hawthorne Road) to cross Mattawoman Creek. North of the creek, MD 224 turns east onto Livingston Road. The highway intersects the Indian Head Rail Trail and passing Maryland Airport before reaching its northern terminus at MD 227 (Pomfret Road) in the hamlet of Pomonkey. MD 227 continues north on Livingston Road toward Bryans Road.

## History

Livingston Road follows much of the course of a road that has connected Charles County and the District of Columbia parallel to the eastern shore of the Potomac River through Prince George's County since the late 18th century. The road became more important as the highway connecting Washington with both Fort Washington and Fort Foote and later the Indian Head Naval Proving Ground, a gunpowder factory and testing area started by the federal government in the late 19th century. At its southern end at Mason Springs, Livingston Road was connected to Indian Head by the La PlataIndian Head road that later became MD 225. At the District of Columbia boundary in what is now Forest Heights, Livingston Road continued north to Atlantic Street, which connected with Nichols Avenue (now Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue), which headed north to a crossing of the Anacostia River at the site of the 11th Street Bridges. The first segment of Livingston Road in Maryland to be paved as a modern highway was from the District of Columbia boundary south to Oxon Hill Road in Oxon Hill, which was paved by Prince George's County with state aid as a macadam road by 1910. According to the 1878 Hopkins regional Atlas, Livingston Road was so named because the road's District of Columbia section passed a large estate home owned by a Livingston, just before feeding into "Asylum Road" (present Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue) in today's Congress Heights.

The next section of what is now MD 224 to be improved was the short stretch across Mattawoman Creek on the La PlataIndian Head road, which was built as a gravel road between 1916 and 1919 and later became MD 225. Livingston Road was improved as a gravel road from Oxon Hill south to Carey Branch south of Oxon Hill by 1921. By 1923, the highway extended south to Fort Washington Road at what was then the village of Silesia. That same year, another section of Livingston Road was graveled from the CharlesPrince George's county line southwest through Pomonkey to Mason Springs. The northern section of Livingston Road was extended south from Silesia to Old Fort Road between 1924 and 1926. The gravel road was extended from there to Piscataway between 1926 and 1928. MD 224 was extended south to Accokeek by 1930. The final piece of Livingston Road from Accokeek to the CharlesPrince George's county line was graveled starting in 1930 and completed by 1933.

| Maryland Route 563 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | RiversideChicamuxen |
| Existed | 1934–1956 |

Chicamuxen Road was constructed as a gravel road from Mason Springs to Rison in 1923. That road was extended to Chicamuxen between 1924 and 1926. MD 224 was completed to its original southern terminus at MD 6 at Doncaster in 1929 and 1930. The first piece of MD 563 was constructed as a gravel road from MD 224 south to Sandy Point Road in 1934. The next portion of Riverside Road was a disjoint segment from Liverpool Point Road south to Smith Point Road in 1935. The two sections of MD 563 were united in 1936. The fourth segment of Riverside Road, from MD 6 at Riverside west to Maryland Point Road, was built by 1946. MD 563 was completed in 1947 and 1948 with the section of the highway between Maryland Point Road and Smith Point Road.

MD 224 was marked from Doncaster to the District of Columbia by 1933. By 1934, MD 224 was proposed to be widened from 16 to 20 feet (4.9 to 6.1 m) from Oxon Hill to Piscataway. The need for upgrades to Livingston Road became acute by 1940 with the greatly increased activity at Fort Washington and the Indian Head Naval Powder Factory in the years before the United States entered World War II. Relief finally came in 1945 and 1946 when the mostly straight Indian Head Highway (now MD 210) was constructed between Washington and Indian Head, replacing the circuitous Livingston Road as the primary highway through the corridor. MD 224 throughout Prince George's County was transferred to county maintenance in 1954 except for the portion of Livingston Road in Accokeek that became part of MD 373.

MD 224 was truncated again at its northern end in 1956 when the remaining Livingston Road portion of the state highway between Mason Springs and Pomonkey was transferred to Charles County maintenance; MD 227 took over the portion of Livingston Road from Pomonkey to Bryans Road as part of its extension north to Marshall Hall along what had been MD 226. At the same time, MD 224 was extended south along what had been MD 563 from Chicamuxen south to Riverside. The ChicamuxenDoncaster portion of MD 224 was renumbered MD 344 by 1957. The present alignment of the MD 224MD 225 concurrency and the bridge across Mattawoman Creek were constructed in 1956 and 1957. MD 224 was reconstructed and widened from Mason Springs through Marbury to Rison starting in 1956. The highway's reconstruction from Mason Springs to Rison and on to Chicamuxen was completed in 1959. Sections of the old highway at Mason Springs, Marbury, and Rison became segments of MD 865. The portion of Livingston Road between MD 225 and MD 227 was returned to the state highway system in 1963; MD 224 then assumed its current northern terminus at Pomonkey.

## Junction list

The entire route is in Charles County.

| Location | mi
 | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Riverside | 0.00 | 0.00 | MD 6 (Port Tobacco Road) La Plata | Southern terminus |
| Chicamuxen | 14.82 | 23.85 |
MD 344 south (Chicamuxen Road) Doncaster | Northern terminus of MD 344; MD 224 turns north onto Chicamuxen Road |
| Mason Springs | 23.22 | 37.37 |
MD 425 south (Mason Springs Road) Pisgah | Northern terminus of MD 425 |
| | 23.36 | 37.59 |
MD 225 east (Hawthorne Road) La Plata | South end of concurrency with MD 225 |
| | 23.76 | 38.24 |
MD 225 west (Hawthorne Road) Indian Head | North end of concurrency with MD 225 |
| Pomonkey | 26.70 | 42.97 | MD 227 (Livingston Road/Pomfret Road) Bryans Road, Pomfret | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/Maryland Route 224KML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| Maryland Route 224 | |
| --- | --- |
| Maryland Route 224 highlighted in red | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by MDSHA | |
| Length | 26.70 mi (42.97 km) |
| Existed | 1927–present |
| Tourist
routes | Religious Freedom Byway |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | MD 6 at Riverside |
| Major intersections |  |
| North end | MD 227 at Pomonkey |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Maryland |
| Counties | Charles |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| MD 223   MD 225 | |


abstract: This page shows the results of the Weightlifting Competition at the 1999 Pan American Games, held from July 23 to August 8, 1999, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. There were a total number of fifteen medal events, eight for men and seven for women.

text:
# Weightlifting at the 1999 Pan American Games

This page shows the results of the **Weightlifting Competition** at the **1999 Pan American Games**, held from July 23 to August 8, 1999, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. There were a total number of fifteen medal events, eight for men and seven for women.

## Men's competition

### Flyweight (– 56 kg)

| Rank | Name | Bodyweight | Snatch | Clean & jerk | Total (kg) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Sergio Álvarez Boulet (CUB) | 55.96 | 115.0 | 150.0 | 265.0 |
|  | Nelson Castro Velásquez (COL) | 55.73 | 112.5 | 142.5 | 255.0 |
|  | Juan Fernández (COL) | 55.94 | 110.0 | 142.5 | 252.5 |
| 4 | Luis Medrano (GUA) | 55.71 | 115.0 | 135.0 | 250.0 |
| 5 | Franklin Liquinchana (ECU) | 55.92 | 105.0 | 142.5 | 247.5 |
| 6 | Alexis Nahuelquen (CHI) | 55.77 | 110.0 | 135.0 | 245.0 |
| 7 | Wilfredo García (ESA) | 55.58 | 100.0 | 120.0 | 220.0 |
| 8 | Manuel Romo (MEX) | 54.25 | 90.0 | 120.0 | 210.0 |

### Featherweight (– 62 kg)

| Rank | Name | Bodyweight | Snatch | Clean & jerk | Total (kg) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Roger Berrío (COL) | 58.19 | 130.0 | 155.0 | 285.0 |
|  | Marvin Jimenez (GUA) | 61.94 | 127.5 | 150.0 | 277.5 |
|  | Legrand Sakamaki (GUA) | 60.94 | 117.5 | 152.5 | 270.0 |
| 4 | Amilcar Pernía (VEN) | 61.55 | 115.0 | 145.0 | 260.0 |
| 5 | Marco Culcay (ECU) | 61.43 | 110.0 |  |  |

### Lightweight (– 69 kg)

| Rank | Name | Bodyweight | Snatch | Clean & jerk | Total (kg) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Jonny González (COL) | 68.27 | 137.5 | 177.5 | 315.0 |
|  | Heriberto Barbosa (COL) | 68.63 | 140.0 | 175.0 | 315.0 |
|  | Alexis Batista (PAN) | 67.80 | 137.5 | 175.0 | 312.5 |
| 4 | Sébastien Groulx (CAN) | 68.00 | 130.0 | 162.5 | 292.5 |
| 5 | Henry Blanco (VEN) | 68.63 | 125.0 | 165.0 | 290.0 |
| 6 | Jesús Caceres (ESA) | 68.74 | 127.5 | 160.0 | 287.5 |
|
| 8 | Adeilson Santos (BRA) | 68.81 | 110.0 | 132.5 | 242.5 |
|

### Middleweight (– 77 kg)

| Rank | Name | Bodyweight | Snatch | Clean & jerk | Total (kg) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Idalberto Aranda (CUB) | 76.55 | 150.0 | 205.5 **WR** | 355.0 |
|  | Walter Llerena (ECU) | 76.78 | 150.0 | 182.5 | 332.5 |
|  | Oscar Chaplin III (USA) | 76.95 | 150.0 | 182.5 | 332.5 |
| 4 | Carlos Sauri (PUR) | 76.91 | 140.0 | 165.0 | 305.0 |
| 5 | Marcelo Gandolfo (ARG) | 76.25 | 130.0 | 170.0 | 300.0 |
| 6 | Guy Hamilton (CAN) | 76.86 | 132.5 | 167.5 | 300.0 |
| 7 | Edward Silva (URU) | 76.22 | 122.5 | 145.0 | 267.5 |
| 8 | Luis Urriche (CHI) | 76.18 | 127.5 | 152.5 |  |

### Light-heavyweight (– 85 kg)

| Rank | Name | Bodyweight | Snatch | Clean & jerk | Total (kg) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Álvaro Velasco (COL) | 83.92 | 162.5 | 190.0 | 352.5 |
|  | José Llerena (ECU) | 83.07 | 147.5 | 192.5 | 340.0 |
|  | Tim McRae (USA) | 83.23 | 155.0 | 185.0 | 340.0 |
| 4 | Corey Barrett (USA) | 84.72 | 145.0 | 182.5 | 327.5 |
| 5 | Henrry Coy (GUA) | 83.29 | 132.5 | 170.0 | 302.5 |
| 6 | Reynaldo Vélez (PUR) | 84.93 | 130.0 | 170.0 | 300.0 |
| 7 | Sergio Lafuente (URU) | 84.17 | 120.0 | 160.0 | 280.0 |
| 8 | Isnardo Faro (ARU) | 84.68 | 120.0 | 155.0 | 275.0 |
| 9 | Joël McKenzie (CUB) | 84.55 | 155.0 |  |  |
| 10 | José Barros (ARG) | 84.06 | 140.0 |  |  |

### Middle-heavyweight (– 94 kg)

| Rank | Name | Bodyweight | Snatch | Clean & jerk | Total (kg) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Carlos Hernández (CUB) | 92.14 | 175.0 | 207.5 | 382.5 |
|  | Darío Lecman (ARG) | 92.92 | 175.0 | 205.0 | 380.0 |
|  | Julio César Luña (VEN) | 93.62 | 165.0 | 195.0 | 360.0 |
| 4 | Peter Kelley (USA) | 93.86 | 150.0 | 180.0 | 330.0 |
| 5 | Javier Otoya (ECU) | 89.64 | 140.0 | 180.0 | 320.0 |
| 6 | Carlos Holguín (DOM) | 93.13 | 140.0 | 170.0 | 310.0 |

### Heavyweight (– 105 kg)

| Rank | Name | Bodyweight | Snatch | Clean & jerk | Total (kg) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Boris Burov (ECU) | 101.52 | 182.5 | 215.0 | 397.5 |
|  | Michel Batista (CUB) | 94.86 | 177.5 | 210.0 | 387.5 |
|  | Wes Barnett (USA) | 104.91 | 170.0 | 210.0 | 380.0 |
| 4 | Akos Sandor (CAN) | 104.32 | 167.5 | 195.0 | 362.5 |
| 5 | Joel Lackey (USA) | 104.70 | 157.5 | 185.0 | 342.5 |
| 6 | Edmilson Dantas (BRA) | 104.71 | 155.0 | 185.0 | 340.0 |
| 7 | Rodrigo Narvaez (NCA) | 103.81 | 130.0 | 170.0 | 300.0 |
| 8 | Carl Henriquez (ARU) | 104.22 | 130.0 | 157.5 | 287.5 |
| 9 | Frank Cepeda (DOM) | 104.39 | 157.5 | 185 |  |

### Super heavyweight (+ 105 kg)

| Rank | Name | Bodyweight | Snatch | Clean & jerk | Total (kg) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Shane Hamman (USA) | 159.61 | 175.0 | 207.5 | 382.5 |
|  | Cristian Escalante (CHI) | 117.71 | 177.5 | 202.5 | 380.0 |
|  | Plaiter Reyes (DOM) | 129.21 | 165.0 | 207.5 | 372.5 |
| 4 | Edries Gonzalez (PUR) | 109.04 | 165.0 | 205.0 | 370.0 |
| 5 | Modesto Sanchez (DOM) | 132.23 | 162.5 | 207.5 | 370.0 |
| 6 | Hidelgar Morillo (VEN) | 114.58 | 160.0 | 195.0 | 355.0 |
| 7 | Roque Reinoso (DOM) | 134.93 | 150.0 | 192.5 | 342.5 |

## Women's competition

### Flyweight (– 48 kg)

| Rank | Name | Bodyweight | Snatch | Clean & jerk | Total (kg) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Tara Nott (USA) | 47.95 | 77.5 | 100.0 | 177.5 |
|  | Leddy Zuluaga (COL) | 45.60 | 67.5 | 85.0 | 152.5 |
|  | Guillermina Candelario (DOM) | 46.26 | 65.0 | 80.0 | 145.0 |
| 4 | Elohim Gracía (MEX) | 47.59 | 60.0 | 75.0 | 135.0 |
| 5 | Olvina Gómez (GUA) | 47.53 | 55.0 | 75.0 | 130.0 |
| 6 | Indira Berrios (HON) | 45.30 | 55.0 | 70.0 | 125.0 |
| 7 | Remigia Arcila (VEN) | 47.29 | 70.0 | 95.0 |  |
| 8 | Wendy Santana (DOM) | 47.20 | 67.5 | 87.5 |  |

### Featherweight (– 53 kg)

| Rank | Name | Bodyweight | Snatch | Clean & jerk | Total (kg) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Robin Goad (USA) | 52.42 | 85.0 | 102.5 | 187.5 |
|  | Nancy Maneiro (VEN) | 52.00 | 77.5 | 97.5 | 175.0 |
|  | Luz Gallego (COL) | 52.68 | 72.5 | 95.0 | 167.5 |
| 4 | Viviana Muñoz (COL) | 52.39 | 70.0 | 92.5 | 162.5 |
| 5 | Sandra Rosas (ECU) | 52.41 | 72.5 | 85.0 | 157.5 |
| 6 | Fabiana Fernández (ARG) | 52.89 | 62.5 | 82.5 | 145 |
| 7 | Maria Jorge (BRA) | 52.42 | 60.0 | 80.0 | 140.0 |
| 8 | Melanie Kosoff (USA) | 52.90 | 75.0 | 102.5 |  |

### Lightweight (– 58 kg)

| Rank | Name | Bodyweight | Snatch | Clean & jerk | Total (kg) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Maryse Turcotte (CAN) | 57.56 | 87.5 | 112.5 | 200.0 |
|  | Nancy Niro (CAN) | 57.92 | 87.5 | 105.0 | 192.5 |
|  | Soraya Jiménez (MEX) | 57.19 | 85.0 | 105.0 | 190.0 |
| 4 | Ruth Rivera (PUR) | 57.56 | 67.5 | 95.0 | 162.5 |
| 5 | Patricia Sosa (ESA) | 57.41 | 67.5 | 92.5 | 160.0 |
| 6 | Liliana García (VEN) | 57.32 | 80.0 | 105.0 |  |

### Middleweight (– 63 kg)

| Rank | Name | Bodyweight | Snatch | Clean & jerk | Total (kg) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Meil McGerrigle (CAN) | 61.62 | 85.0 | 110.0 | 195.0 |
|  | Alejandra Perea (COL) | 60.10 | 82.5 | 105.0 | 187.5 |
|  | Sención Quezada (DOM) | 61.77 | 80.0 | 102.5 | 182.5 |
| 4 | Gretty Lugo (VEN) | 60.28 | 80.0 | 100.0 | 180.0 |
| 5 | Jennifer López (PUR) | 61.41 | 72.5 | 95.0 | 167.5 |
| 6 | Elsa Caldera (NCA) | 59.82 | 67.5 | 90.0 | 157.5 |
| 7 | Noemi Rivera (PUR) | 62.99 | 80.0 | 100.0 |  |

### Light-heavyweight (– 69 kg)

| Rank | Name | Bodyweight | Snatch | Clean & jerk | Total (kg) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Lea Foreman (USA) | 68.75 | 100.0 | 115.0 | 215.0 |
|  | Miosotis Heredia (DOM) | 68.24 | 95.0 | 110.0 | 205.0 |
|  | Eva María Dimas (ESA) | 67.71 | 92.5 | 107.5 | 200.0 |
| 4 | Khadijah Hunter (USA) | 68.98 | 90.0 | 110.0 | 200.0 |
| 5 | Julie Malenfant (CAN) | 66.65 | 90.0 | 105.0 | 195.0 |
| 6 | Carmen Pérez (VEN) | 67.83 | 82.5 | 105.0 | 187.5 |
| 7 | Iris de Moscoso (GUA) | 68.81 | 72.5 | 92.5 | 165.0 |
| 8 | Nelly Betanco (NCA) | 67.21 | 60.0 | 80.0 | 140.0 |
| 9 | Raquel Rombley (DOM) | 68.88 | 85.0 | 112.5 |  |

### Heavyweight (– 75 kg)

| Rank | Name | Bodyweight | Snatch | Clean & jerk | Total (kg) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Wanda Rijo (DOM) | 73.68 | 100.0 | 120.0 | 220.0 |
|  | Cara Heads (USA) | 73.26 | 97.5 | 120.0 | 217.5 |
|  | Jean Lassen (CAN) | 73.73 | 92.5 | 117.5 | 210.0 |
| 4 | Theresa Brick (CAN) | 74.80 | 95.0 | 115.0 | 210.0 |
| 5 | Mayra Martínez (VEN) | 73.60 | 87.5 | 112.5 | 200.0 |
| 6 | María Ruiz Obando (NCA) | 73.28 | 75.0 | 107.5 | 182.5 |
| 7 | Nelly Rivera (DOM) | 69.73 | 70.0 | 82.5 | 152.5 |

### Super-heavyweight (+ 75 kg)

| Rank | Name | Bodyweight | Snatch | Clean & jerk | Total (kg) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Cheryl Haworth (USA) | 136.16 | 117.5 | 135.0 | 252.5 |
|  | María Isabel Urrutia (COL) | 89.06 | 107.5 | 140.0 | 247.5 |
|  | Carmenza Delgado (COL) | 88.61 | 110.0 | 135.0 | 245.0 |
| 4 | Nelly Acosta (PUR) | 87.50 | 95.0 | 105.0 | 200.0 |
| 5 | Suzanne Dandenault (CAN) | 101.43 | 85.0 | 112.5 | 197.5 |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | United States | 5 | 1 | 3 | 9 |
| 2 | Colombia | 3 | 5 | 3 | 11 |
| 3 | Cuba | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
| 4 | Canada | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| 5 | Ecuador | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| 6 | Dominican Republic | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
| 7 | Guatemala | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| | Venezuela | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 9 | Argentina | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | Chile | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 11 | El Salvador | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Mexico | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Panama | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (13 entries) | | 15 | 15 | 15 | 45 |

## InfoBox

| Weightlifting at the 1999 Pan American Games | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| «1995 2003» | |


title: FIBT World Championships 1953

abstract: The FIBT World Championships 1953 took place in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, West Germany for the third time after previously hosting the four-man event of the championships in 1934 and 1938. The event was marred by the death of Switzerland's Felix Endrich who won the two-man event gold medal only to die in competition during the four-man event a week later.

text:
# FIBT World Championships 1953

The **FIBT World Championships 1953** took place in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, West Germany for the third time after previously hosting the four-man event of the championships in 1934 and 1938. The event was marred by the death of Switzerland's Felix Endrich who won the two-man event gold medal only to die in competition during the four-man event a week later.

## Two man bobsleigh

| Pos | Team | Time |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Gold | Switzerland (Felix Endrich, Fritz Stöckli) |  |
| Silver | West Germany (Anderl Ostler, Franz Kemser) |  |
| Bronze | West Germany (Theo Kitt, Lorenz Niebert) |  |

Gold medalist Endrich would die in the four-man event the following week.

## Four man bobsleigh

| Pos | Team | Time |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Gold | United States (Lloyd Johnson, Piet Biesiadecki, Hubert Miller, Joseph Smith) |  |
| Silver | West Germany (Anderl Ostler, Heinz Wendlinger, Hans Hohenester, Rudi Erben) |  |
| Bronze | Sweden (Kjell Holmström, Walter Aronsson, Nils Landgren, Jan Lapidoth) |  |
| Bronze | West Germany (Hans Rösch, Michael Pössinger, Dix Terne, Sylvester Wackerle) |  |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Switzerland (SUI) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | United States (USA) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 3 | West Germany (FRG) | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 4 | Sweden (SWE) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (4 entries) | | 2 | 2 | 3 | 7 |

## InfoBox

| 1953 World Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Garmisch-Partenkirchen, West Germany |
|


title: Rainneville

abstract: Rainneville is a commune in the Somme department of Hauts-de-France in northern France.

text:
# Rainneville

**Rainneville** (French pronunciation: \[ʁɛnvil\]) is a commune in the Somme department of Hauts-de-France in northern France.

## Geography

Rainneville is situated on the D11 road, some 7 miles (11 km) north of Amiens.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 443 |  |
| 1975 | 516 | +2.20% |
| 1982 | 738 | +5.24% |
| 1990 | 784 | +0.76% |
| 1999 | 761 | −0.33% |
| 2007 | 759 | −0.03% |
| 2012 | 836 | +1.95% |
| 2017 | 997 | +3.59% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Rainneville | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The church in Rainneville | |
| Location of Rainneville | |
| RainnevilleRainneville | |
| Coordinates: 49°58′26″N 2°21′19″E / 49.9739°N 2.3553°E / 49.9739; 2.3553 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Hauts-de-France |
| Department | Somme |
| Arrondissement | Amiens |
| Canton | Amiens-2 |
| Intercommunality | CC Territoire Nord Picardie |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Jacques Masset |
| Area**1** | 7.11 km2 (2.75 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 1,060 |
| Density | 150/km2 (390/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 80661 /80260 |
| Elevation | 79–131 m (259–430 ft)
(avg. 150 m or 490 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Promise and Terror

abstract: Promise and Terror is the fifth studio album by English heavy metal band Blaze Bayley, released in 2010. It is the second studio album released by the band since they changed their name from Blaze, and the last album which Blaze Bayley established as the band, before Bayley himself decided to change the format as a solo artist for his subsequent albums. It is also the first Blaze Bayley album without a title track.

text:
# Promise and Terror

***Promise and Terror*** is the fifth studio album by English heavy metal band Blaze Bayley, released in 2010. It is the second studio album released by the band since they changed their name from Blaze, and the last album which Blaze Bayley established as the band, before Bayley himself decided to change the format as a solo artist for his subsequent albums. It is also the first Blaze Bayley album without a title track.

## Themes

The songs on *Promise and Terror* are very diverse in their themes; the first half of the album is more upbeat and positive, but the second half is darker and more introspective. "Surrounded by Sadness", the first acoustic song since the band changed their name, starts a four-song run-in, as the last songs on the album are thematically connected. As stated in the sleeve notes inside the album cover, the last four songs follow the four steps of dealing with personal tragedy: loss, pain, grief and acceptance. These songs mostly address the loss of Bayley's wife and the struggle he and the band have had in the music world.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| BW & BK |  |
| Sea of Tranquility |  |
| Metal-Temple.com |  |

The pre-sale for *Promise and Terror* quickly became the biggest in Blaze Bayley's history, as it charted at number 3 on UK pre-orders before its release. Blaze Bayley himself has stated that *Promise and Terror* is his best-selling solo album to date.

Professional reviews for the album have ranged from positive to enthusiastic.

## Track listing

1. "Watching the Night Sky" – 3:36
2. "Madness and Sorrow" – 3:09
3. "1633" – 6:03
4. "God of Speed" – 5:48
5. "City of Bones" – 6:26
6. "Faceless" – 3:46
7. "Time to Dare" – 5:41
8. "Surrounded by Sadness" – 3:59
9. "The Trace of Things That Have No Words" – 5:48
10. "Letting Go of the World" – 6:24
11. "Comfortable in Darkness" – 4:29

## Personnel

* Blaze Bayley – vocals
* Nico Bermudez – lead guitar
* Jay Walsh – rhythm guitar
* David Bermudez – bass
* Lawrence Paterson – drums
* Jase Edwards – producer, first guitar solo on Madness and Sorrow.

## InfoBox

| Promise and Terror | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Blaze Bayley | |
| Released | 1 February 2010 |
| Genre | Heavy metal |
| Length | 55:42 |
| Label | Blaze Bayley Records |
| Producer | Blaze Bayley, Jase Edwards |
| Blaze Bayley chronology | |
| *The Man Who Would Not Die*
(2008) ***Promise and Terror***
(2010) *The King of Metal*
(2012) | |


title: Muhammad Nasirudeen Maiturare

abstract: Muhammad Nasirudeen Maiturare is a Nigerian academic, a professor of business administration. He is the fourth substantive Vice-Chancellor of Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai in Nigeria.

text:
# Muhammad Nasirudeen Maiturare

**Muhammad Nasirudeen Maiturare** (born 16 June 1963) is a Nigerian academic, a professor of business administration. He is the fourth substantive Vice-Chancellor of Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai in Nigeria.

## Early life and education

Muhammad Nasirudeen Maiturare was born in Paiko, a small town in Paikoro Local Government Area, of Niger State, in Nigeria. He grew up there and went to Bida Government College for his Secondary School Education where he had his Secondary school leaving certificate. In 1980. In 1982 he later did (IJMB) at the School of Basic Studies and proceeded to Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. For his BSc Actuarial Science in 1985 and M.B.A. in 1989, and 2001 he bagged his PhD in Business Administration in same institution. In pursuit of knowledge he went to Federal University of Technology, Minna to be trained as a Computer Analyst.

## Career

He begins his career at Ministry of Finance, Akure, Onto between 1985 and 1986. He has worked as a lecturer at Federal Polytechnic, Bida, from 1986 to 1987. He also work in Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, in 1987. he has taught several courses at undergraduate, Masters, and PhD levels. In 2010 he became a Professor of Business Administration, ABU, Zaria, during his Sabbatical leave, between January and December 2013 he worked with the National Pension Commission.

## Personal life

Maiturare is married and with children.

## InfoBox

| Prof.Muhammad Nasirudeen Maiturare | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Vice-Chancellor of Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University | |
| **In office**
2015  October 2019 | |
| Preceded by | Ibrahim Adamu Kolo |
| Succeeded by | Ma' Aliyu |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Muhammad Nasirudeen Maiturare
(1963-06-16) 16 June 1963
Paikoro, Niger State, Nigeria |
| Alma mater |  |
| Occupation | * Academic * author |
| Profession |  |
|  | |


title: Mary Wilkins Freeman House

abstract: The Mary Wilkins Freeman House is a historic house located at 207 Lake Avenue in the Borough of Metuchen in Middlesex County, New Jersey. It was the home of the author, Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman (1852–1930). Built c. 1868, the house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 17, 2020, for its significance in literature from 1902 to 1907.

text:
# Mary Wilkins Freeman House

The **Mary Wilkins Freeman House** is a historic house located at 207 Lake Avenue in the Borough of Metuchen in Middlesex County, New Jersey. It was the home of the author, Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman (1852–1930). Built c.1868, the house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 17, 2020, for its significance in literature from 1902 to 1907.

## History and description

The house is a two and one-half story frame building with Italianate style, built c.1868. While renting the house, Mary Wilkins Freeman described it in humor as:

> I have a home in Metuchen with twenty-eight doors and five pairs of stairs, otherwise it is quite pretty. I suppose I shall spend most of my time, being naturally of a somewhat undecided turn, trying to decide which door to go in or out of, and what stairs to descend.

She married Dr. Charles Manning Freeman here on January 1, 1902. The couple stayed here until 1907, when they moved into a new house nearby. While here, she wrote about 47 of her works.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Mary Wilkins Freeman House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| New Jersey Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 207 Lake Avenue<br>Metuchen, New Jersey |
| Coordinates | 40°32′12″N 74°21′50″W / 40.53667°N 74.36389°W / 40.53667; -74.36389 (Mary Wilkins Freeman Hous) |
| Built | 1868 (1868) |
| Architectural style | Italianate |
| NRHP reference No. | 100004886 |
| NJRHP No. | 5594 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | January 17, 2020 |
| Designated NJRHP | October 7, 2019 |


title: Ray Cummins

abstract: Maurice Raymond "Ray" Cummins is an Irish former hurler and Gaelic footballer whose dual league and championship career with the Cork senior teams spanned fifteen years from 1967 to 1982. Born in Ballinlough on the south side of Cork city, Cummins was introduced to hurling by his father, Willie, a two-time All-Ireland medal winner with Cork in the minor grade. He developed his skills at Coláiste Chríost Rí while simultaneously coming to prominence at underage levels with the Blackrock club, before later playing with University College Cork. Cummins went on to enjoy a successful club career that spanned three decades, winning three All-Ireland medals, five Munster medals, and a total of seven county senior championship medals in both codes. Cummins made his debut on the inter-county scene at the age of sixteen when he was picked on the Cork minor football panel before later joining the hurling panel. He was a Munster medal winner in both codes in 1966, however, All-Ireland success in this grade eluded him. He subsequently progressed onto the Cork under-21 teams, winning back-to-back All-Ireland medals as a hurler in 1968 and 1969. Cummins made his senior debut for Cork during the 1967-68 football league, before becoming a regular on the Cork hurling team the following year. Over the course of the next fifteen years, he used his physical attributes to telling effect by punching many fine points in football and "catching high" and delivering many winning scores in hurling. As a hurler Cummins is credited with redefining and revolutionising the full-forward position throughout the 1970s. He was, at first, seen as the antithesis of what a full-forward should be, however, he did use the skills and space that were available to him and, in time, he became a deadly marksman in front of goal. He won his first All-Ireland medal as a hurler in 1970, and added a second winners' medal to his collection in 1973 as a footballer before winning three hurling championships in-a-row from 1976 to 1978. Cummins also won a total of twelve Munster medals across both codes, including a remarkable eleven-in-a-row, and three National Hurling League medals. The All-Ireland-winning captain of 1976, he also collected five All-Star awards between 1971 and 1977 and is one of only four players to have won awards in both codes. Cummins played his last game for Cork in September 1982. Between 1970 and 1980, Cummins lined out for Munster in several inter-provincial championship campaigns. He won a total of four Railway Cup medals across both codes. Cummins has been repeatedly voted onto teams made up of the sport's greats, including at full-forward on the Club Hurling Silver Jubilee Team in 1996. At the turn of the century, he was included in the same position on the Cork Hurling Team of the Century, as well as the Munster and National Team of the Millennium. Cummins was also chosen as one of the 125 greatest hurlers of all time in a 2009 poll.

text:
# Ray Cummins

**Maurice Raymond "Ray" Cummins** (born 9 November 1948) is an Irish former hurler and Gaelic footballer whose dual league and championship career with the Cork senior teams spanned fifteen years from 1967 to 1982.

Born in Ballinlough on the south side of Cork city, Cummins was introduced to hurling by his father, Willie, a two-time All-Ireland medal winner with Cork in the minor grade. He developed his skills at Coláiste Chríost Rí while simultaneously coming to prominence at underage levels with the Blackrock club, before later playing with University College Cork. Cummins went on to enjoy a successful club career that spanned three decades, winning three All-Ireland medals, five Munster medals, and a total of seven county senior championship medals in both codes.

Cummins made his debut on the inter-county scene at the age of sixteen when he was picked on the Cork minor football panel before later joining the hurling panel. He was a Munster medal winner in both codes in 1966, however, All-Ireland success in this grade eluded him. He subsequently progressed onto the Cork under-21 teams, winning back-to-back All-Ireland medals as a hurler in 1968 and 1969. Cummins made his senior debut for Cork during the 1967-68 football league, before becoming a regular on the Cork hurling team the following year. Over the course of the next fifteen years, he used his physical attributes to telling effect by punching many fine points in football and "catching high" and delivering many winning scores in hurling. As a hurler Cummins is credited with redefining and revolutionising the full-forward position throughout the 1970s. He was, at first, seen as the antithesis of what a full-forward should be, however, he did use the skills and space that were available to him and, in time, he became a deadly marksman in front of goal. He won his first All-Ireland medal as a hurler in 1970, and added a second winners' medal to his collection in 1973 as a footballer before winning three hurling championships in-a-row from 1976 to 1978. Cummins also won a total of twelve Munster medals across both codes, including a remarkable eleven-in-a-row, and three National Hurling League medals. The All-Ireland-winning captain of 1976, he also collected five All-Star awards between 1971 and 1977 and is one of only four players to have won awards in both codes. Cummins played his last game for Cork in September 1982.

Between 1970 and 1980, Cummins lined out for Munster in several inter-provincial championship campaigns. He won a total of four Railway Cup medals across both codes.

Cummins has been repeatedly voted onto teams made up of the sport's greats, including at full-forward on the Club Hurling Silver Jubilee Team in 1996. At the turn of the century, he was included in the same position on the Cork Hurling Team of the Century, as well as the Munster and National Team of the Millennium. Cummins was also chosen as one of the 125 greatest hurlers of all time in a 2009 poll.

## Biography

Ray Cummins was born in Ballinlough in Cork in 1948. He was born into a family that had a strong tradition of hurling excellence. His father, Willie Cummins, played hurling with the Cork minor team in the 1930s. He captured back-to-back All-Ireland minor titles in 1938 and 1939. Cummins's grandfather, William 'Bowler' Walsh, played hurling with the Cork senior team in the early part of the century. He lined out in two All-Ireland finals in 1912 and 1915, however, he ended up on the losing side on both occasions. As a dual player, Cummins honed his hurling and football skills during street games in the 1950s on the Ballinlough Road, and later carried his skills to the nearby Blackrock and St. Michael's clubs. He attended Coláiste Chríost Rí where, along with his brothers Brendan and Kevin, he became part of the sporting success of the school. In the late 1960s, Cummins attended University College Cork where he studied engineering. Here he played on the college hurling and football teams, winning a Fitzgibbon Cup hurling title in 1967 and back-to-back Sigerson Cup football titles in 1969 and 1970.

Cummins currently lives in Kinsale and is a former employee of pharmaceutical giant Eli Lilly and Company. On 20 February 2007 he was profiled on the TG4 television programme *Laochra Gael*.

## Playing career

### Club

After progressing through the juvenile ranks with Blackrock, Cummins was just seventeen years old when he experienced his first major success by winning a county minor championship medal in 1966. His subsequent enrolment at University College Cork made him eligible to play championship hurling and football for the college. Cummins was a member of a star-studded team that represented the college in both county finals in 1969. While the students faced defeat at the hands of Glen Rovers in the hurling final, Cummins won a county football championship medal as UCC defeated St. Nicholas' by 0-9 to 0-8.

In 1970 Cummins was at full-forward as University College Cork qualified for a second successive county hurling final. Mid-Cork divisional side Muskerry were the opponents and came close to achieving a remarkable double. UCC secured a narrow 2-12 to 0-16 victory, with Cummins adding a county hurling championship to his collection.

After graduating from University College Cork, Cummins returned to the Blackrock team where he became the first-choice full-forward in 1971. After success in the early rounds the Rockies eventually qualified for their first county final in eight years. St. Finbarr's were the opponents and took a strong 2-0 to 0-2 lead after just eight minutes. A torrential downpour before the game made conditions very difficult and tempers boiled over with Simon Murphy and Charlie Cullinane being sent to the line. Blackrock fought back and a Cummins goal in the 24th minute helped to level matters at the interval. Charlie McCarthy completed his hat-trick to give St. Finbarr's the lead early in the second half, however, Blackrock had a younger and fitter side. Cummins added a second goal in the second half as the Rockies secured a 2-19 to 5-4 victory. It was his second championship medal. After missing Blackrock's subsequent defeat of Moyne-Templetuohy in the provincial decider, Cummins was back on the starting fifteen for the All-Ireland final meeting with rathnure on 14 May 1972. The Leinster champions were in arrears by twelve points at one stage, however, they launched a stunning comeback to cut the deficit down to one point. Blackrock stubbornly held on to secure a 5-13 to 6-9 victory, with Cummins winning his first All-Ireland medal.

Blackrock surrendered their county, provincial and national titles the following year, however, they qualified for the county final once again in 1973. Reigning champions Glen Rovers provided the opposition and, after dominating the first half, held a 1-8 to 0-6 interval lead. Blackrock's lead was reduced to just a point by the 55th minute, however, they survived two Glen Rovers raids before securing a 2-12 to 2-10 victory. It was Cummins's third county championship medal. Newmarket-on-Fergus were the opponents as Blackrock reached another Munster final. There were never more than a few points between the teams throughout the match, with Newmarket spurning a goal chance just before the interval. Blackrock held out for a narrow 1-13 to 0-14 victory and Cummins collected a first Munster winners' medal on the field of play. The All-Ireland final on 17 March 1974 saw Blackrock and Rathnure renew their rivalry once again. Dan Quigley netted the first goal for Rathnure, however, Éamonn O'Donoghue secured Blackrock's first goal seconds later when he kicked the sliotar over the goal-line. Half-time saw the sides retire having scored 1-7 apiece. Donie Collins put Blackrock ahead early in the second half, however, Quigley soon scored his second to restore parity. A ten-minute period of dominance by Blackrock yielded only three points, while Quigley completed his hat-trick with a goal from a 21-yards free to give Rathnure a one-point lead. Pat Moylan secured the equaliser. The replay on 28 April 1974 produced a tension-charged climax as Blackrock turned almost certain defeat into victory. The first half saw a number of unsavoury incidents, with John O'Halloran (Blackrock) and Mick Mooney (Rathnure) becoming the first players ever to be sent off in an All-Ireland club final. As the game entered stoppage time, Rathnure held a one-point lead. Blackrock's Donie Collins sent in a ground shot which goalkeeper Michael Foley let slip through his legs. Éamonn O'Donoghue secured the victory with a goal in the second minute of injury time. The 3-8 to 1-9 victory gave Cummins a second All-Ireland medal as captain.

Once again back-to-back championship titles eluded the Rockies, however, they qualified for the county final in 1975. The game against Glen Rovers was expected to be an exciting affair, however, the expectation was not fulfilled. The half-back line of Frank Cummins, John Horgan and Dermot McCurtain closed down the Glen attack and contributed greatly to the 4-11 to 0-10 victory. It was Cummins's fourth winners' medal at county level. The subsequent provincial decider saw Mount Sion provided the opposition, however, Blackrock were in impressive form. Cummins scored 3-3 and collected a second winners' medal as Blackrock powered to an 8-12 to 3-8 victory. Blackrock entered the All-Ireland final on 14 March 1976 and got off to a great start as Éamonn O'Donoghue scored a goal inside the first minute. A goal from a Pat Moylan penalty in the 16th minute gave Blackrock a lead of 2-1 with James Stephens yet to score. The Village then made a vital switch as Joe Hennessy was moved from right wing-forward to right wing-back. By halftime James Stephens had cut the lead to five points as they trailed by 2-2 to 0-3. James Stephens was transformed in the second half with their full-back and half-back lines repelling the Blackrock attack. A draw looked likely as the game entered the final stage, however, a last minute Mick Leahy goal put the game beyond doubt as James Stephens claimed a 2-10 to 2-4 victory.

After defeat at the hands of Glen Rovers in 1976, it took Blackrock two years before they qualified for their next county final. Glen Rovers were the opponents once again, with the game remaining on an even keel for 40 minutes. Blackrock took over for the last period, winning the game by 4-12 to 1-7. It was Cummins's fifth championship medal. Once again the Rockies stormed through the provincial championship and defeated Newmarket-on-Fergus by 3-8 to 1-8 in the decider, giving Cummins a third Munster medal. On 25 March 1979, Blackrock faced Ballyhale Shamrocks in the All-Ireland final. The first half was completely dominated by the Rockies who opened the scoring with a goal from a 21-yards free by Pat Moylan in the first minute. Two further goals by Cummins in the 17th and 18th minutes put Blackrock ahead by 3-2 to 0-2. A third goal by Éamonn O'Sullivan helped them to reach half-time in the comfortable position of being 12 points ahead. Blackrock appeared to have the game wrapped up when Tom Lyons whipped through a goal to leave them 14 points ahead with just a quarter of an hour left to play. Ger Fennelly pointed a free to reduce the deficit for Ballyhale, before Pat Holden, Kevin Fennelly and Liam Fennelly scored three goals without reply. Moylan pointed to reinforce the lead for Blackrock, however, a long shot from out the field landed in the Blackrock square before Brendan Fennelly got the final touch to send it over the line. The referee originally signalled a free to Blackrock, however, after consulting with his umpires he awarded the goal. This left the Shamrocks trailing by two points, however, they failed to score in the remaining time as the Rockies won by 5-7 to 5-5. For the third time in his career Cummins had collected an All-Ireland medal.

Blackrock qualified for their seventh county championship decider of the decade in 1979. St. Finbarr's provided the opposition in what was the sides' first final meeting since 1971. The Barr's took a one-point lead in the 20th minute after John Allen struck for a goal. Blackrock responded with a 1-1 from Frank Cummins and Tom Lyons. St. Finbarr's missed two gilt-edged goal opportunities in the second half, as Blackrock claimed a 2-14 to 2-6 victory. It was Cummins's sixth winners' medal in the championship. He later claimed a third Munster medal following Blackrock's 0-13 to 1-8 Munster final triumph over Dunhill.

### Minor and Under-21

In the early 1960s, Cummins went for a trial with the Cork Under-15 hurling team and, in one of the major oversights of Cork hurling, a future star was turned away. He was subsequently accepted onto the inter-county minor hurling team. Cummins captured a Munster title in this grade as Cork trounced GAlway by 6–7 to 2–8. The subsequent All-Ireland final pitted Cork against Wexford. An entertaining game ended in a 6–7 draw, however, Wexford won the replay by 4–1 to 1–8.

Cummins later joined the Cork under-21 hurling team and enjoyed some more success. In 1968 he captured a Munster title in this grade following a 4–10 to 1–13 defeat of Tipperary. The All-Ireland final saw Cork take on arch-rivals Kilkenny. An exciting game followed, however, Cork were the victors by 2–18 to 3–9, giving Cummins an All-Ireland under-21 medal.

Cummins was eligible to play with the Cork under-21 team again in 1969. He won a second Munster winners' medal that year as Cork defeated Tipperary by 3–11 to 1–5. The subsequent All-Ireland final saw Cork take on Wexford, a team Cummins remembered from his minor days. A high-scoring game followed, however, Cork were the victors by 5–13 to 4–7, giving Cummins a second All-Ireland under-21 medal.

### Senior

Cummins first came to prominence on the inter-county scene as a member of the Cork senior football team in 1968. The following year he became a dual player when he made his first appearance on the Cork senior hurling side. Cummins's first appearance was when he came on as a substitute in the Munster final trouncing of Tipperary. This win allowed Cork to advance directly to the All-Ireland final where Kilkenny provided the opposition. It was Cummins's first full game with the senior hurling team. It was a baptism of fire for the young hurlers as he was marking Pa Dillon, one of Kilkenny's most intimidating players. Cork took an early lead, however, after Pat Delaney was stretchered off Kilkenny came from behind to win the game by 2–15 to 2–9.

In 1970 Cummins captured a second Munster winners' medal at senior level as Tipperary were accounted for by 3–10 to 3–8. Cork later qualified for the All-Ireland final. Wexford provided the opposition in the very first eighty-minute championship decider. The game saw a record 64-point score line for both teams as Cork's Eddie O'Brien scored a hat-trick of goals to give Cork a considerable lead. At full-time Cork were the winners by 6–21 to 5–10, giving Cummins his first senior All-Ireland winners' medal.

In 1971 Cork's hurlers failed, however, the footballers emerged from the wilderness. Cork defeated Kerry by 0–25 to 0–14 in the provincial final, giving Cummins his first Munster football medal. Cork were later defeated by eventual champions Offaly in the All-Ireland semi-final. Cummins's skill as an all-round hurling and football star was acknowledged at the end of 1971 when he was picked on both inaugural All-Star teams.

A return to hurling in 1972 saw Cummins win his first National Hurling League title following a narrow win over Limerick. The success continued later that year as Cork trounced Clare by 6–18 to 2–8, giving Cummins a third Munster winners' medal. Cummins later lined out in a third All-Ireland final in four years, with Kilkenny providing the opposition for a second time. In one of the classic All-Ireland finals, he scored two goals in that game to put Cork in the driving seat. With time running out Kilkenny were eight points in arrears, however, one of the most amazing reversals of fortune took place. 'The Cats' fought back and finished seven points ahead on a score line of 3–24 to 5–11. It was a bitter All-Ireland defeat for Cummins, his second at the hands of Kilkenny.

In 1973 Cummins turned his attentions back to football, winning a second Munster title following a 5–12 to 1–15 victory over great rivals Kerry. The team later qualified for the All-Ireland final with Galway providing the opposition. Teenager Jimmy Barry-Murphy scored the first of his two goals after just two minutes to set the tone. Cork had a reasonably comfortable 3–17 to 2–13 victory and Cummins became only the tenth player in the history of Gaelic games to win senior All-Ireland medals in both hurling and football.

In 1974 the Cork hurling team bounced back somewhat with Cummins capturing a second National League winners' medal after a defeat of Limerick. He later added a third Munster football winners' medal to his collection as Kerry were accounted for once again. While Cork were the favourites to retain the All-Ireland football title the team's march to victory came to an abrupt halt when Dublin defeated them in the All-Ireland semi-final. It would be nine years before the Cork football would return to Croke Park.

1975 saw the Cork hurlers return to the big time. Cummins captured a fourth Munster winners' medal that year following the provincial final trouncing of Limerick. Cork, however, were defeated by surprise package Galway in the subsequent All-Ireland semi-final.

1976 saw Cork retain their Munster title with another huge 4–14 to 3–5 win over neighbouring Limerick. It was Cummins's fifth Munster winner's medal. This victory allowed Cork to advance directly to the All-Ireland final where Wexford provided the opposition. Both sides had high expectations. Cork got off to the worst possible start in an All-Ireland final and trailed by 2–2 after six minutes. Cork battled back, however, the game hung in the balance for much of the seventy. With ten minutes left, Wexford were two points to the good, however, three points by Jimmy Barry-Murphy, two by Pat Moylan and a kicked effort from captain Cummins gave Cork a 2–21 to 4–11 victory. It was Cummins's second All-Ireland winners' medal.

In 1977 Cork reached their third consecutive Munster decider with Clare as the opposition. 'The Rebels' got off to a great start with a Tim Crowley penalty after just seventy-five seconds. Clare fought back, however, Cork still defeated fourteen-man Clare by 4–15 to 4–10. A subsequent defeat of Galway set up a second consecutive All-Ireland final showdown with Wexford. Like the previous year the game turned into a close, exciting affair. A Seánie O'Leary goal, together with some brilliant saves by goalkeeper Martin Coleman helped Cork to a 1–17 to 3–8 victory. The victory also resulted in a third All-Ireland winners' medal for Cummins.

1978 saw Cork dominate the provincial championship once again. Clare provided the opposition in the second consecutive Munster showdown between the two sides. The game was a close affair and one which Cork could have lost. At the full-time whistle Cork still had a narrow 0–13 to 0–11 win to give Cummins a seventh Munster title. This victory paved the way for Cork to take on Kilkenny in the subsequent All-Ireland final. The stakes were high as Cork were attempting to capture the first three-in-a-row since 1954. The game, however, was not the classic that many expected. Cork were never really troubled over the course of the seventy minutes and a Jimmy Barry-Murphy goal helped the team to a 1–15 to 2–8 victory over their age-old rivals. This victory gave Cork a third All-Ireland title in succession and gave Cummins a fourth All-Ireland winners' medal in total.

In 1979 Cork were invincible in the provincial championship once again. A 2–15 to 0–9 trouncing of Limerick gave the county a record-equaling fifth consecutive Munster title. On a personal level it was Cummins's eighth Munster winners' medal. After this game, it looked likely that Cork were set for a fourth consecutive appearance in the All-Ireland final and the chance to equal the seemingly unbeatable record of four championships in a row. The All-Ireland semi-final saw Galway catch Cork on the hop once again. A 2–14 to 1–13 defeat ended the dream of four-in-a-row.

In 1980 Cummins won his third and final National Hurling League medal, however, it turned out to be the first time since 1968 that he didn't win a Munster winners' medal in either hurling or football.

Two years later in 1982, Cummins won his ninth Munster hurling winners' medal following a 5–31 to 3–6 trouncing of Waterford. At one stage of that Munster final game Cork were nearly thirty points ahead when Cummins got through on goal. He could have sent the sliotar into the net for a goal, however, in a sporting gesture, he handpassed it over the bar. The subsequent All-Ireland final saw Cork take on Kilkenny. 'The Rebels' were the red-hot favourites, however, Kilkenny surprised. Christy Heffernan scored two goals in a forty-second spell just before the interval to take the wind out of Cork's sails. Ger Fennelly got a third goal within eight minutes of the restart, giving Kilkenny a 3–18 to 1–15 victory. It was to be Cummins's last outing for Cork as he later decided to retire from inter-county hurling.

### Inter-provincial

Cummins also lined out with Munster in both the inter-provincial hurling and football competitions and enjoyed much success. He first played for his province in 1969 as a member of the football team, however, Munster were trounced by Connacht on that occasion. The following year Cummins was selected on the Munster hurling team and played in his first inter-provincial hurling decider. After a 2–15 to 0–9 thrashing of Leinster, he picked up a Railway Cup winners' medal. Cummins was a regular fixture on the team over the next few years, however, success was difficult to come by in both codes. He did, however, win a Railway Cup medal with the Munster footballers in 1972. After five years of Leinster domination in the hurling competition, Munster broke back in 1976 with Cummins adding a second Railway Cup hurling winners' medal to his collection. Two years later a defeat of Connacht gave him his third winners' memento with the province's hurlers. Cummins continued to line out with the Munster hurlers until 1980, however, he failed to have any further success.

## Post-playing career

At the time of his retirement, Cummins had won every single honour in the game. He continues to support his club and county, however, he has had little, if any, involvement as a selector or coach. Cummins holds the distinction of being one of only four players to have been awarded All-Star awards in both hurling and football.

As a player with Blackrock in the provincial and All-Ireland club championships, Cummins's skill earned him a selection on the club championship silver jubilee team in 1996. Four years later he was given the ultimate accolade by his county, his province and the Gaelic Athletic Association. Cummins was named in the full-forward position on all three Teams of the Millennium. His inclusion as full-forward on the national Team of the Millennium, at the expense of Nicky Rackard, cemented his reputation as the greatest number fourteen of all time.

## Career statistics

| Team | Year | National League | | | Munster | | All-Ireland | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Score | Apps | Score | Apps | Score | Apps | Score |
| Cork | 1968-69 | Division 1B |  | | 1 | 0-00 | 1 | 0-00 | 2 | 0-00 |
| | 1969-70 | | 6 | 1-10 | 2 | 1-01 | 2 | 1-04 | 10 | 3-15 |
| | 1970-71 | Division 1A | 7 | 8-03 | 1 | 2-00 |  | | 8 | 10-03 |
| | | 1971-72 | 7 | 4-05 | 4 | 4-06 | 2 | 3-04 | 13 | 11-15 |
| | | 1972-73 | 2 | 0-00 | 1 | 0-00 |  | | 3 | 0-00 |
| | | 1973-74 | 2 | 2-02 |  | |  | | 2 | 2-02 |
| | | 1974-75 |  | | 3 | 0-07 | 1 | 0-01 | 4 | 0-08 |
| | | 1975-76 | 6 | 2-02 | 2 | 1-01 | 1 | 1-02 | 9 | 4-05 |
| | | 1976-77 |  | | 2 | 2-01 | 2 | 0-02 | 4 | 2-03 |
| | | 1977-78 | 7 | 1-10 | 2 | 1-03 | 1 | 0-01 | 10 | 2-14 |
| | 1978-79 | Division 1B | 2 | 0-02 | 2 | 1-03 | 1 | 1-00 | 5 | 2-05 |
| | 1979-80 | Division 1B | 7 | 5-08 | 2 | 0-04 |  | | 9 | 5-12 |
| | | 1980-81 |  | | 0 | 0-00 |  | | 0 | 0-00 |
| | | 1981-82 |  | | 1 | 1-02 | 1 | 0-03 | 2 | 1-05 |
| Total | | | **46** | **23-42** | **23** | **13-28** | **12** | **6-17** | **81** | **42-87** |

## Honours

University College Cork St. Michael's Blackrock Cork Munster Individual * In May 2020, the *Irish Independent* named Cummins at number twenty in its "Top 20 hurlers in Ireland over the past 50 years".

## InfoBox

Ray Cummins
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Irish name | *Reamonn Ó Coimín* | | |
| Sport | Dual player | | |
| Football Position: | Full-forward | | |
| Hurling Position: | Full-forward | | |
| Born | (1948-11-09) 9 November 1948<br>Ballinlough, Cork, Ireland | | |
| Height | 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) | | |
| Occupation | Engineer | | |
| Club(s) | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Apps (scores)** |
| 1967-1981<br>1967-1970<br>1967-1969<br>1971-1982 | St Michael's<br>UCC (SH)<br>UCC (SF)<br>Blackrock<br> | 32 (9-46)<br>11 (7-21)<br>12 (3-08)<br>59 (49-74) |
| Club titles | | | |
|  | **Football** | **Hurling** |
| Cork titles |  |  |
| Munster titles |  |  |
| All-Ireland titles |  |  |
| Colleges(s) | | | |
| Years | **College** | | |
| 1967–1970 | University College Cork | | |
| College titles | | | |
| Sigerson titles | 1 | | |
| Fitzgibbon titles | 1 | | |
| Inter-county(ies) | | | |
| Years | **County** | **Apps (scores)** |
| 1967–1978<br>1969–1982 | Cork (**F**)<br>Cork (**H**) | 19 (4–58) <br>35 (18–46) |
| Inter-county titles | | | |
|  | **Football** | **Hurling** |
| Munster Titles |  |  |
| All-Ireland Titles |  |  |
| League titles |  |  |
| All-Stars |  |  |


title: María Alejandra Bruzual

abstract: María Alejandra Bruzual was a Venezuelan jockey.

text:
# María Alejandra Bruzual

**María Alejandra Bruzual** (c. 1980 – 14 October 2023) was a Venezuelan jockey.

## Career

María Alejandra was licensed in administration by profession. She obtained her first victory in April 2007 at the La Rinconada racetrack with the thoroughbred The Congo, date from which she remained active in the sport. At the Monterrico racetrack in Peru, she participated in the International Jockeys Championship, where she won one of the competitions. On 26 June 2022, she won her last victory at the Rinconada racetrack, on Queen Clementina, and in 2023 she won three times at the Valencia racetrack.

María Alejandra died on 14 October 2023, at the Valencia racetrack, when she fell from her Sun Cab during the fourth race of the day. She received first aid from the racetrack's medical service and was taken to a clinic in Valencia, but arrived at the medical center without vital signs.

## Personal life

Another jockey, Luis Francisco Martín, was Bruzual's sentimental partner.

## InfoBox

María Alejandra Bruzual
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Venezuelan |
| Born | c. 1980 |
| Died | 14 October 2023<br>Valencia, Venezuela |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Horse racing |


abstract: The Weightlifting Competition at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia saw the introduction of women's weightlifting.

text:
# Weightlifting at the 2000 Summer Olympics

The **Weightlifting Competition** at the **2000 Summer Olympics** in Sydney, Australia saw the introduction of women's weightlifting.

## Medalists

### Men

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 56 kg
\[a\] | Halil Mutlu
Turkey | Wu Wenxiong
China | Zhang Xiangxiang
China |
| 62 kg
\[b\] | Nikolaj Pešalov
Croatia | Leonidas Sabanis
Greece | Henadzi Aliashchuk
Belarus |
| 69 kg
 | Galabin Boevski
Bulgaria | Georgi Markov
Bulgaria | Siarhei Laurenau
Belarus |
| 77 kg
 | Zhan Xugang
China | Viktor Mitrou
Greece | Arsen Melikyan
Armenia |
| 85 kg
 | Pyrros Dimas
Greece | Marc Huster
Germany | Giorgi Asanidze
Georgia |
| 94 kg
 | Akakios Kakiasvilis
Greece | Szymon Kołecki
Poland | Aleksey Petrov
Russia |
| 105 kg
 | Hossein Tavakkoli
Iran | Alan Tsagaev
Bulgaria | Said Saif Asaad
Qatar |
| +105 kg
\[c\] | Hossein Rezazadeh
Iran | Ronny Weller
Germany | Andrey Chemerkin
Russia |

### Women

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 48 kg
\[d\] | Tara Nott
United States | Raema Lisa Rumbewas
Indonesia | Sri Indriyani
Indonesia |
| 53 kg
 | Yang Xia
China | Li Feng-ying
Chinese Taipei | Winarni Binti Slamet
Indonesia |
| 58 kg
 | Soraya Jiménez
Mexico | Ri Song-hui
North Korea | Khassaraporn Suta
Thailand |
| 63 kg
 | Chen Xiaomin
China | Valentina Popova
Russia | Ioanna Chatziioannou
Greece |
| 69 kg
 | Lin Weining
China | Erzsébet Márkus
Hungary | Karnam Malleswari
India |
| 75 kg
 | María Isabel Urrutia
Colombia | Ruth Ogbeifo
Nigeria | Kuo Yi-hang
Chinese Taipei |
| +75 kg
 | Ding Meiyuan
China | Agata Wróbel
Poland | Cheryl Haworth
United States |

* **a**  Ivan Ivanov of Bulgaria originally won the silver medal, but was disqualified after testing positive for furosemide.
* **b**  Sevdalin Minchev of Bulgaria originally won the bronze medal, but was disqualified after testing positive for furosemide.
* **c**  Ashot Danielyan of Armenia originally won the bronze medal, but was disqualified after testing positive for stanozolol.
* **d**  Izabela Dragneva of Bulgaria originally won the gold medal, but was disqualified after testing positive for furosemide.

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | China (CHN) | 5 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| 2 | Greece (GRE) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
| 3 | Iran (IRI) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 4 | Bulgaria (BUL) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| 5 | United States (USA) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 6 | Colombia (COL) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | Croatia (CRO) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | Mexico (MEX) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | Turkey (TUR) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 10 | Germany (GER) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| | Poland (POL) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 12 | Indonesia (INA) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| | Russia (RUS) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 14 | Chinese Taipei (TPE) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 15 | Hungary (HUN) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | Nigeria (NGR) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | North Korea (PRK) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 18 | Belarus (BLR) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 19 | Armenia (ARM) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Georgia (GEO) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | India (IND) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Qatar (QAT) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Thailand (THA) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (23 entries) | | 15 | 15 | 15 | 45 |

## Participating nations

A total number of 261 weightlifters from 73 nations competed at the Sydney Games:

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Weightlifting
at the Games of the XXVII Olympiad | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre |
| Dates | 16–26 September 2000 |
| No. of events | 15 |
| Competitors | 246 from 76 nations |
|


title: Rafael Guastavino Sr. Estate

abstract:
The Rafael Guastavino Sr. Estate, also known as Rhododendron, is a historic estate and a national historic district located near Black Mountain, Buncombe County, North Carolina. The district encompasses three contributing sites and three contributing structures associated with the former estate of the noted Spanish-born architectural engineer Rafael Guastavino. Although the house was razed
in the late 1940s, the property includes above-ground ruins and landscaping, the ruins of Guastavino's tile kiln and its brick stack. Other contributing elements are a section of stone wall, a vaulted hillside cellar, the exposed foundation ruins of the
house, and earthworks. The estate was Guastavino's principal residence for the last 14 years of his life. The property is now Christmount, the conference and retreat center of the Christian Church. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

text:
# Rafael Guastavino Sr. Estate

The **Rafael Guastavino Sr. Estate**, also known as Rhododendron, is a historic estate and a national historic district located near Black Mountain, Buncombe County, North Carolina. The district encompasses three contributing sites and three contributing structures associated with the former estate of the noted Spanish-born architectural engineer Rafael Guastavino. Although the house was razed in the late 1940s, the property includes above-ground ruins and landscaping, the ruins of Guastavino's tile kiln and its brick stack. Other contributing elements are a section of stone wall, a vaulted hillside cellar (traditionally known as the wine cellar), the exposed foundation ruins of the house, and earthworks. The estate was Guastavino's principal residence for the last 14 years of his life. The property is now Christmount, the conference and retreat center of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Rafael Guastavino, Sr., Estate | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
| Rafael Gustavino Monument, September 2012 | |
|  | |
| Location | NC 9, 0.8 miles S of jct. with SR 2713, near Black Mountain, North Carolina |
| Coordinates | 35°35′51″N 82°18′35″W / 35.59750°N 82.30972°W / 35.59750; -82.30972 |
| Area | 8 acres (3.2 ha) |
| Built | 1895 (1895) |
| Built by | Guastavino, Rafael, Sr. |
| NRHP reference No. | 89000849 |
| Added to NRHP | July 13, 1989 |


title: Professor Layton and the Miracle Mask

abstract: Atama no Taisō Professor Layton and the Miracle Mask is a puzzle adventure video game developed by Level-5. It is the fifth game in the Professor Layton series, the second in the prequel trilogy of games, and the first in the series to be developed for the Nintendo 3DS. Miracle Mask was released as a launch title for the Nintendo 3DS in Japan in February 2011, becoming the best-selling game on the day of the system's launch. The game was later released worldwide in October 2012. Professor Layton and the Miracle Mask Plus, an enhanced edition featuring new puzzles and added cutscenes, was released on the Nintendo eShop in Japan in February 2013. The game centers on Professor Hershel Layton, alongside his apprentice, Luke Triton, and his assistant, Emmy Altava, attempting to uncover the truth behind the "Masked Gentleman", a villain who is seemingly terrorising the city of Monte d'Or with supposed uses of "dark magic".

text:
# Professor Layton and the Miracle Mask

***Professor Layton and the Miracle Mask*** is a puzzle adventure video game developed by Level-5. It is the fifth game in the *Professor Layton* series, the second in the prequel trilogy of games, and the first in the series to be developed for the Nintendo 3DS. *Miracle Mask* was released as a launch title for the Nintendo 3DS in Japan in February 2011, becoming the best-selling game on the day of the system's launch. The game was later released worldwide in October 2012. *Professor Layton and the Miracle Mask Plus*, an enhanced edition featuring new puzzles and added cutscenes, was released on the Nintendo eShop in Japan in February 2013.

The game centers on Professor Hershel Layton, alongside his apprentice, Luke Triton, and his assistant, Emmy Altava, attempting to uncover the truth behind the "Masked Gentleman", a villain who is seemingly terrorising the city of Monte d'Or with supposed uses of "dark magic".

## Gameplay

Like previous games in the series, *Professor Layton and the Miracle Mask* is a puzzle adventure game split across various chapters. Players explore areas and converse with characters to help solve the mysteries that lay before them. At various points in the game, the player will encounter puzzles that need to be solved. Solving these puzzles earn Picarats, used for accessing bonus content, with more Picarats earned for solving the puzzle without any mistakes. Hint coins can also be found which can be spent to unlock hints to help players solve a puzzle if they get stuck.

There are various changes made during the transition to the Nintendo 3DS, as characters and environments are now presented in 3D graphics. Unlike the previous games, in which players interacted directly with the environment on the touch screen, players now use the touch screen to control a magnifying glass to navigate the environment displayed on the top screen. When the magnifying glass is hovered over something of interest, the player can tap the touch screen to inspect it, initiating conversation with characters or revealing a hint coin or puzzle. Certain areas can be zoomed in to reveal more areas to interact with. Puzzles are still controlled on the touch screen, though many have 3D graphics displayed on the top screen and a few also utilise the 3DS' gyroscope feature. Players are given the option to have reminders of the puzzle description temporarily appear on the bottom screen, or stick it to the top.

Like the previous games before it, *Miracle Mask* has a set of unique minigames that are expanded upon as the player solves puzzles. 'Toy Robot' tasks the player with navigating a maze in order to reach a goal panel whilst avoiding enemies. 'One-Stop Shop' requires players to arrange items on a shelf based on their type and color in order to entice customers to buy everything on display. 'Rabbit Show' sees Luke taking care of a rabbit and training it to perform in the circus. As Luke converses and trains the rabbit, it learns new actions that must be used accordingly to follow a script in a play. In addition, there is a horse-riding minigame which sees players riding a horse, dodging barrels and collecting carrots to speed up. Midway through the game, there is a top-down adventure portion which sees a young Layton navigating an underground ruin. During this segment, Layton must solve puzzles such as pushing boulders and avoiding mummies, also digging up certain areas to reveal hint coins and hidden puzzles.

Along with the 150 puzzles found in the main game, players are also capable of connecting to Nintendo Network in order to download additional puzzles. These puzzles are made available weekly for a year following release, with seven puzzles made available each week; in all, 365 puzzles can be downloaded. Puzzle packages are downloaded automatically via the Spotpass function of the Nintendo 3DS.

## Plot

Accompanied by Luke and Emmy, Layton arrives at the city of Monte d'Or to investigate some strange events occurring there by request of an old friend of his youth, Angela Ledore. Once arriving, they have an encounter with a mysterious figure covering his face with an ancient artifact from the Azran Civilization called the "Mask of Chaos", calling himself the "Masked Gentleman", who is responsible for the events, which he calls "miracles", such as making paintings come alive and turning people into horses and statues. As the trio make their own investigation. Layton reveals to his companions that eighteen years ago, he explored some old Azran ruins nearby alongside his close friend Randall Ascot, who was Angela's boyfriend, following some clues Randall obtained by researching the Mask of Chaos. During the expedition, Randall falls in a trap and apparently dies, while Layton discovers a huge treasure that he neither reclaims, nor reveals its location to anyone in Randall's memory. Randall's butler and surrogate brother Henry establishes a huge search operation to look for him, but to no avail, eventually discovering the treasure and using it to found Monte d'Or, marrying Angela a few years later.

As he exposes the Masked Gentleman's "miracles" as elaborate magic tricks, Layton learns that Dalston, another friend of his who is the owner of a hotel chain that rivals Henry Ledore's hotels, is arrested under suspicions that he is involved with the Masked Gentleman and is attempting to frame Henry. An enraged Dalston states that Angela is the Masked Gentleman instead, who wishes to get revenge on Henry for leaving Randall to die. The Masked Gentleman attacks again, revealing that he will perform one final miracle in the next evening and Dalston is released after his name is cleared. Layton begins to suspect Angela and Henry are hiding something from him due to their suspicious behaviour. Furthermore, the team are pressed to search for the Mask of Order, another Azran treasure which is said to counteract the Mask of Chaos' power.

The next night, Layton and his company arrive at the Reunion Inn, the establishment that is said to have provided Monte d'Or with enough money to become a city, where they confront the Masked Gentleman, who reveals himself as Randall. After his fall eighteen years ago, Randall had lost his memories and was living with some villagers who rescued him until he received some anonymous letters that made him recover from his amnesia, but also misled him into believing that he was betrayed by Henry and Layton and inspired him to enact revenge as the Masked Gentleman. Randall detonates some explosives that threaten to bury Monte d'Or in sand. Layton deduces that both the Masks of Order and Chaos are part of the same set and solves an Azran puzzle with Angela's help that reveals the hidden Azran vault, lifting the town upwards to safety in the process.

With the city secured, Layton reveals that Randall was all along being manipulated by Jean Descole, whom at some point kidnapped Angela and disguised as her to make Layton help him unlock the vault, his deception discovered by Layton after he rescued the real Angela in secret. Once exposed, Descole flees. Henry confesses to Randall that he never stopped searching for him and that his marriage with Angela was forged to discourage other suitors, revealing that all of Ledore's assets are registered in Randall's name in preparation for his return. Randall reconciles with his family and friends, and Layton and company set off on their next adventure, while Descole rejoices at having finally found the Azran vault he was looking for until he is attacked by Bronev and his organization Targent. Descole evades capture, but Bronev's men secure the vault. He then states that this, along with The Gardens of Healing from Misthallery (which Layton found in the *Last Specter*), The City of Harmony from Ambrosia (which Layton found in the *Eternal Diva*), would combine to form the three Azran legacies, which he plans to use for his own gains.

## Development

*Miracle Mask* was overseen by Akihiro Hino, the CEO of Level-5, and directed by Jun Suzuki. The game's puzzles were created by Akira Tago, author of the *Atama no Taisō* (頭の体操, *Mental Gymnastics*) series of puzzle books, who had also created the puzzles for the previous games in the series.

The game was first announced as a Nintendo DS title at the official launch event for *Professor Layton and the Last Specter*, where it was scheduled for Japanese release during Q3 2010. Hino promised that *Miracle Mask* would bring major changes to the series' gameplay systems, and said that the trilogy was imagined with a second movie to take place after *Miracle Mask*. Although artwork, a logo, and the setting of the game's story were given, the game was not demonstrated at the event.

After seeing the Nintendo 3DS, Hino systematically shifted projects from other systems to it, in hopes that Level-5 would be recognized as a firm part of the image of the Nintendo 3DS system. *Miracle Mask* was one of these projects. Though the game was originally built in 2D, it was made to look "pseudo-3D" for Nintendo's E3 2010 presentation. After seeing what other publishers had produced for the system, however, Hino decided to completely remake the game in order to use the systems's unique qualities. He expressed his belief that the game would be the "best in the series so far", and that the game felt like "something completely new, something no one's ever seen before".

At a Nintendo press event later in 2010, the first trailer for *Miracle Mask*, originally under the name *The Mask of Miracle*, was released along with screenshots, demonstrating the graphical and gameplay overhauls that had taken place over the system's switch to Nintendo 3DS; the previous games' hand-drawn 2D sprites had been replaced by 3D models, areas of the game could now be examined in a 3D perspective, and several puzzles took advantage of the 3DS' features, including its motion sensor. Despite the game's new visual style, the appearance of the series' animated cutscenes remained intact, albeit rendered in 3D. Another trailer was released at Level-5's 2010 "Vision" event, revealing the Japanese voice actors, the game's ending theme, the plans for the game's puzzle downloading service, and the game's second timeline, following a younger Professor Layton in high school.

## Release

*Professor Layton and the Miracle Mask* was first released in 2011 as a launch title for the Nintendo 3DS within Japan. It sold 117,000 copies in its first weekend, making it the system's best-selling title upon its release. Ultimately, the title would be outsold by other Nintendo 3DS games, such as *Super Mario 3D Land* and *Mario Kart 7*, to become the sixth best-selling Nintendo 3DS game in the region during 2012 at 360,000 copies. It was also the second best-selling third party title for the system, behind *Monster Hunter Tri G*, and the twenty-sixth best-selling game of the year overall.

A tentative English title for the game, *Professor Layton and the Mask of Miracle*, was provided along with an early demo at E3 2010; however, no other information was provided about its international release. In late 2011, a European trailer for *Professor Layton and the Spectre's Call* alluded to a fifth entry in the series being released for Nintendo 3DS in 2012; this was later confirmed in a press release, where the game received its second tentative title of *Professor Layton 5*.

In May 2012, a trademark titled Professor Layton and the Miracle Mask (its final title) was filed by Level 5, hinting at an eventual U.S. release. Despite this, no announcements were made at E3 2012. The game was later released in Europe on October 26, 2012, in Australia on October 27, and in North America on October 28.

An updated version of the game titled *Professor Layton and the Miracle Mask Plus* was released for the Nintendo eShop in Japan in early 2013. It added new features to the original game, including more cutscenes, three save slots, and additional puzzles. It includes bonus tutorials and hints for younger players as well as all the downloadable content from the original.

## Soundtrack

The game's soundtrack was composed by Tomohito Nishiura. Unlike the other titles in the series, no official soundtrack has been released for *Professor Layton and the Miracle Mask*.

The game's ending theme, entitled "Mysterious Flower", was composed by Yumi Matsutoya. Her 2011 album *Road Show* features a music video for the song animated in the style of *Professor Layton*, adding her into cutscenes from the game.

## Reception

In Japan, the game got a score of 32 out of 40 in *Famitsu*, who praised the game's investigation mechanics but said that the puzzles did not make enough use of 3D. IGN said that the Japanese version was "perfect for a portable system" and said that its puzzles remained surprising and well-designed despite being the fifth entry in the series; however, they expressed disappointment at the long wait for the game's localization. Andriasang stated that, despite the changes made to it, the Japanese version still feels like a Professor Layton game.

Elsewhere, the game received "favorable" reviews according to video game review aggregator Metacritic. Common Sense Media gave it all five stars, saying, "Returning fans will recognize the style of many of the game's puzzles. Some force you to carefully analyze images, others are tricky riddles, and still others involve clever application of basic math skills -- but each one is different enough from the last that boredom never sets in. Add in yet another engaging story filled with quirky personalities and several seemingly unsolvable grand mysteries, and you have a recipe for a very memorable *Professor Layton* adventure." *National Post* gave it a score of 8.5 out of 10, saying that it "entertains without violence or scares, it provides a healthy workout for your brain, and it's suitable for most ages and both genders. It will provide hours of entertainment for your son, your daughter, you, and your significant other (you'll need to take turns playing, but that's what multiple save files are for). Suffice to say we think Santa couldn't have chosen a better stocking stuffer for clever kids (or their parents)." Digital Spy gave it four stars out of five, saying, "Its fascinating story and well-balanced array of puzzles means *Professor Layton and the Miracle Mask* is probably the best outing in the series since the ground-breaking original, and the new approach to visuals once again reminds you of the system's now forgotten selling point: its terrific 3D screen." 1Up.com gave the game a B stating: "The puzzles remain engrossing, but the story and world this time around miss the mark."

1. "Professor Layton and the Miracle Mask". Level-5 International America. Archived from the original on May 27, 2012. Retrieved December 17, 2011.
2. rawmeatcowboy (August 30, 2012). "Professor Layton and the Miracle Mask slated for Europe, simultaneous retail/digital release". Go Nintendo.
3. Jeffrey Matulef (June 22, 2012). "New Super Mario Bros. 2 release date announced". *Eurogamer*.
4. Sal Romano (August 13, 2012). "Paper Mario 3DS dated, Luigi's Mansion delayed". Gematsu. Archived from the original on August 15, 2012. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
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## InfoBox

| Professor Layton and the Miracle Mask | |
| --- | --- |
| North American cover art | |
| Developer(s) | Level-5 |
| Publisher(s) |  |
| Director(s) | Usuke Kumagai<br>Jun Suzuki |
| Producer(s) | Akihiro Hino |
| Composer(s) | Tomohito Nishiura |
| Series | *Professor Layton* |
| Platform(s) | Nintendo 3DS |
| Release | * JP: February 26, 2011 * EU: October 26, 2012 * AU: October 27, 2012 * NA: October 28, 2012 |
| Genre(s) | Puzzle, Adventure |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: Achamana

abstract: Āchamanam is a purification ritual performed at the beginning of more complex religious ceremonies in the Hinduism, which is believed to cure all physical and mental impurities.

text:
# Achamana

**Āchamanam** (Sanskrit: **आचमनम्**, **ācamanam**) is a purification ritual performed at the beginning of more complex religious ceremonies in the Hinduism, which is believed to cure all physical and mental impurities.

## Types of Āchamanam

There are three types of Āchamanam, namely, **Śrautācamanam** (Sanskrit: श्रौताचमनम्), **Smṛtyācamanam** (Sanskrit: स्मृत्याचमनम्) and **Purāṇācamanam** (Sanskrit: पुराणाचमनम्).

> **ācamanam trividham - śrautaṃ smārtaṃ paurāṇaṃ ceti
tatra pratyakṣaśruticoditaṃ śrautam, sūtroktaṃ smārtam
keśavādyaistribhiḥ pītveti vacanoktaṃ paurāṇam**
> Achamana is of three types - *Śrautā*, *Smārta* (as directed by Smritis) and *Paurāṇā* (as per Puranas).
> There *Śrautācamanam* is directly instructed by Śruti (i.e. Vedas), *Smārtācamanam* is formulated by dharmasūtras (i.e. Smṛti).
> Sippping (of water) thrice with the (24) names (of Vishnu) starting with keśava is called *Paurāṇācamanam*

However, in the Sandhyavandana ritual, there exists fourth version of āchamana, known as **mantrācamana**.

## Śrautācamanam

In śrautācamanam, water is sipped three times and is accompanied by the recitation of the three padas of the Gayatri in succession. Then, 21 parts of the body are touched while the 21 mantras are recited: the nine Abliṅgas, the seven Vyahritis (the names of the seven worlds, preceded by the sacred pranava Om), and the 3 padas of Gayatri siras. It is defined in *ṣatkarma candrikā* as

> **devyāḥ pādaistribhiḥ pītvā abliṅgairnvabhiḥ spṛśet
saptavyāhṛtisaṃyuktā gāyatrī tripadā śiraḥ
-ṣatkarma candrikā**

## Smṛtyācamanam

The Smṛtyācamanam is an abridged version of the śrautācamanam. Water is sipped three times, accompanied by the ritual utterance **svāhā**. Then, 9 parts of the body are touched, accompanied by recitation of the specific sutras that instruct the version of the achamana in question.

## Purāṇācamanam

Purāṇācamanam is done with the 24 names of Vishnu starting with keśava, etc. The water is poured on the right hand palm, which made as gokurna sipped thrice with the first three names. Both hands are washed with the next two names. For the remaining 19 names different parts of body are ritually cleansed.

1. Also known as Smārtācamanam (Sanskrit: स्मार्ताचमनम्)
2. Also known as Paurāṇācamanam (Sanskrit: पौराणाचमनम्)
3. Abliṅga (अब्लिङ्ग).— apāṃ liṅgaṃ jñāpanasāmarthyaṃ yatra, A hymn or verse \[Rv.1.9.1-3\] addressed to the waters;\] अब्लिङ्गानि जपेच्चैव गायत्रीं मनसा सकृत् (abliṅgāni japeccaiva gāyatrīṃ manasā sakṛt) Y.3.3.
4. Vyāhṛtī (व्याहृती) are the mystical utterances, seven in number, viz. “bhūḥ, bhuvaḥ, svaḥ, mahaḥ, janaḥ, tapaḥ, satyam”. Each of the vyāhṛtis are preceded by the \[Praṇava\] Om.
5. देव्याः पादैस्त्रिभिः पीत्वा अब्लिङगैर्न्वभिः स्पृशेत्
सप्तव्याहृतिसंयुक्ता गायत्री त्रिपदा शिरः
6. चतुर्विंशतिनामानि तत्तत् स्थानेषु विन्यसेत्।
केशवादीनि विन्यस्य पौरानाचमनं चरेत्॥ (विश्वामित्र कल्पः (1.1)
caturviṃśatināmāni tattat sthāneṣu vinyaset
keśavādīni vinyasya paurānācamanaṃ caret (viśvāmitra kalpaḥ (1.1)
7. केशवादि त्रिभिर्मन्त्रैः अपःपीत्वा यथाविधि।
हस्तप्रक्षालनम् कार्यम् गोविन्दे नापि विष्णुना॥ (विश्वामित्र कल्पः (1.9)
hastaprakṣālanam kāryam govinde nāpi viṣṇunā (viśvāmitra kalpaḥ (1.9)


title: Woodrow Methodist Church

abstract: Woodrow Methodist Church is a historic Methodist church at 1109 Woodrow Road in Woodrow, Staten Island, New York. It was built in 1842 and is a wood-frame, clapboard-sided, temple-form Greek Revival style building. It features a portico with four Doric order columns supporting a plain entablature and unadorned pediment. Above the portico is a three-stage, open bell tower and spire in a vernacular Italianate style added in 1876. Also on the property is a two-story clapboard house built about 1850 and expanded in 1860–61. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

text:
# Woodrow Methodist Church

**Woodrow Methodist Church** is a historic Methodist church at 1109 Woodrow Road in Woodrow, Staten Island, New York. It was built in 1842 and is a wood-frame, clapboard-sided, temple-form Greek Revival style building. It features a portico with four Doric order columns supporting a plain entablature and unadorned pediment. Above the portico is a three-stage, open bell tower and spire in a vernacular Italianate style added in 1876. Also on the property is a two-story clapboard house built about 1850 and expanded in 1860–61.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Woodrow Methodist Church | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| New York City Landmark No. 0385 | |
|  | |
| Woodrow Methodist Church, March 2009 | |
|  | |
| Location | 1109 Woodrow Rd., Staten Island, New York |
| Coordinates | 40°32′35″N 74°12′6″W / 40.54306°N 74.20167°W / 40.54306; -74.20167 |
| Area | 2.3 acres (0.93 ha) |
| Built | 1842 |
| Architectural style | Greek Revival, Italianate |
| NRHP reference No. | 82001265 |
| NYCL No. | 0385 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | October 29, 1982 |
| Designated NYCL | November 15, 1967 |