title: Watnall railway station

abstract: Watnall railway station was a station serving the village of Watnall in Nottinghamshire, England. The station opened in 1882 and closed in 1917. It was sited at the eastern end of the railway cutting used to provide the Midland Railway with a route through to Kimberley. The cutting still exists although it is heavily overgrown. Remnants of the platform can be found beneath the undergrowth, but the buildings are no longer in existence. A bunker was built on this site for RAF Watnall during the Second World War and used as an operations centre for No. 12 Group RAF. The headquarters moved to RAF Newton in 1946, but the bunker remained in use for the duration of the ROTOR program and was mothballed in 1961. The bunker was used as a rifle range by the Awsworth - Kimberley and District Rifle Club. In May 2010, local police discovered a large cannabis factory inside the bunker.

text:
# Watnall railway station

**Watnall railway station** was a station serving the village of Watnall in Nottinghamshire, England. The station opened in 1882 and closed in 1917. It was sited at the eastern end of the railway cutting used to provide the Midland Railway with a route through to Kimberley.

The cutting still exists although it is heavily overgrown. Remnants of the platform can be found beneath the undergrowth, but the buildings are no longer in existence. A bunker was built on this site for RAF Watnall during the Second World War and used as an operations centre for No. 12 Group RAF. The headquarters moved to RAF Newton in 1946, but the bunker remained in use for the duration of the ROTOR program and was mothballed in 1961. The bunker was used as a rifle range by the Awsworth - Kimberley and District Rifle Club.

In May 2010, local police discovered a large cannabis factory inside the bunker.

**Former services**

| Preceding station |  | Disused railways |  | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Kimberley West
Line and station closed |  | Midland Railway
Bennerley and Bulwell Railway |  | Basford Vernon
Line and station closed |

## Further reading

* Henshaw, Alfred (2000). *The Great Northern Railway in the East Midlands*. RCTS. ISBN 0-901115-88-6.
* Kingscott, Geoffrey (2004). *Lost Railways of Nottinghamshire*. Countryside Books. ISBN 1-85306-884-5.
* Lee, John.M. (2001). *A Brief History of Kimberley* (First ed.).
* Lee, John.M. (2002). *A Brief History of Watnall* (First ed.).

53°00′12″N 1°14′50″W / 53.0033°N 1.2472°W / 53.0033; -1.2472


title: Methley Junction railway station

abstract: Methley Junction railway station was one of three stations that served the village of Methley, West Yorkshire, England. It opened on 1 October 1849 and closed on 4 October 1943. The station was built by the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway on its line from Knottingley which joined the line of the North Midland Railway north of the junction of the Woodlesford–Castleford (Midland) and the Woodlesford–Normanton tracks. South of the station, the Methley Joint Railway to Lofthouse branched off from the Lancashire and Yorkshire line. The site of the former station is now part of a housing estate.

text:
# Methley Junction railway station

**Methley Junction railway station** was one of three stations that served the village of Methley, West Yorkshire, England. It opened on 1 October 1849 and closed on 4 October 1943.

The station was built by the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway on its line from Knottingley which joined the line of the North Midland Railway (currently used by the Hallam Line) north of the junction of the Woodlesford–Castleford (Midland) and the Woodlesford–Normanton (North Eastern Railway) tracks. South of the station, the Methley Joint Railway to Lofthouse branched off from the Lancashire and Yorkshire line. The site of the former station is now part of a housing estate.

## InfoBox

| Methley Junction | |
| --- | --- |
| Site of the former station in May 2013 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Methley, City of Leeds<br>England |
| Coordinates | 53°43′40″N 1°24′00″W / 53.727726°N 1.399915°W / 53.727726; -1.399915 |
| Grid reference | SE396258 |
| Other information | |
| Status | Disused |
| History | |
| Pre-grouping | Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway |
| Post-grouping | London, Midland and Scottish Railway |
| Key dates | |
| 1 October 1849 | Station opened |
| 4 October 1943 | Station closed |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Methley South railway station

abstract:
Methley South railway station was one of three stations that served the village of Methley, West Yorkshire, England. The station was built by the Methley Joint Railway, a line in which the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway, the GNR and the NER were shareholders.
The station, opened on 1 May 1869, known as Methley Joint station, renamed to Methley South and was closed on 7 March 1960.

text:
# Methley South railway station

**Methley South railway station** was one of three stations that served the village of Methley, West Yorkshire, England.

The station was built by the Methley Joint Railway, a line in which the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway, the GNR and the NER were shareholders. The station, opened on 1 May 1869, known as **Methley Joint station**, renamed to Methley South and was closed on 7 March 1960.

| Preceding station |  | Disused railways |  | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Stanley |  | Methley Joint Railway |  | Castleford Cutsyke |
| |  | |  | Castleford Central |

## InfoBox

| Methley South | |
| --- | --- |
| Station building in October 2006 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Methley, City of Leeds<br>England |
| Coordinates | 53°43′35″N 1°23′55″W / 53.726410°N 1.398490°W / 53.726410; -1.398490 |
| Grid reference | SE397257 |
| Other information | |
| Status | Disused |
| History | |
| Original company | Methley Joint Railway |
| Pre-grouping | Methley Joint Railway |
| Post-grouping | Methley Joint Railway |
| Key dates | |
| 1 May 1869 | Station opened |
| 7 March 1960 | Station closed |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


abstract: Water polo was contested for men only at the 1970 Central American and Caribbean Games in Panama City, Panama.

text:
# Water polo at the 1970 Central American and Caribbean Games

**Water polo** was contested for men only at the **1970 Central American and Caribbean Games** in Panama City, Panama.

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's water polo | Cuba (CUB) | Mexico (MEX) | Colombia (COL) |

## InfoBox

| Water polo <br>at the 1970 Central American and Caribbean Games | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Medalists | |
|  | |
|


title: Wayne Engelstad

abstract: Wayne Edward Engelstad is a retired American professional basketball player. Born in Rosemead, California, he was a 6'8" (2.03 cm) 245 lb (111 kg) forward and played collegiately at the University of California, Irvine. He played for the Denver Nuggets for 11 games in 1988–89, averaging 2.5 points and 1.5 rebounds per contest. He also played in Portugal and with the Hobart Tassie Devils in the Australian NBL in 1991, averaging 18 points per game in 24 contests. Engelstad's daughter Sabrina played in the 2013–2014 season at Saint Mary's before transferring to UC Irvine for the 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 seasons.

text:
# Wayne Engelstad

**Wayne Edward Engelstad** (born December 6, 1965) is a retired American professional basketball player. Born in Rosemead, California, he was a 6'8" (2.03 cm) 245 lb (111 kg) forward and played collegiately at the University of California, Irvine.

He played for the Denver Nuggets for 11 games in 1988–89, averaging 2.5 points and 1.5 rebounds per contest. He also played in Portugal and with the Hobart Tassie Devils in the Australian NBL in 1991, averaging 18 points per game in 24 contests.

Engelstad's daughter Sabrina played in the 2013–2014 season at Saint Mary's before transferring to UC Irvine for the 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 seasons.

## InfoBox

Wayne Engelstad
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1965-12-06) December 6, 1965
Rosemead, California, U.S. |
| Listed height | 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m) |
| Listed weight | 245 lb (111 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school | Don Bosco Technical Institute
(Rosemead, California) |
| College | UC Irvine (1984–1988) |
| NBA draft | 1988: undrafted |
| Playing career | 1988–1999 |
| Position | Power forward |
| Number | 43 |
| Career history | |
| 1988 | Denver Nuggets |
| 1988–1989 | Albany Patroons |
| 1989 | Pamesa Valencia |
| 1989–1990 | Omaha Racers |
| 1991 | Hobart Tassie Devils |
| 1991 | Rapid City Thrillers |
| 1991–1992 | La Crosse Catbirds |
| 1993–1994 | FC Porto |
| 1994–1995 | Estudiantes de Bahía Blanca |
| 1997–1998 | Estrelas da Avenida |
| 1998–1999 | FC Porto |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
| * First-team All-PCAA (1988) | |
|  | |
| Stats  at NBA.com | |
| Stats  at Basketball-Reference.com | |


title: Watson River (Queensland)

abstract: The Watson River is a river in Far North Queensland, Australia. The headwaters of the river rise near the Aurukun Road and flows in a south westerly direction to Watson Crossing and continues through a valley before discharging into Archer Bay near Aurukun along with the Archer River and the Ward River, then onto the Gulf of Carpentaria. From source to mouth, the Watson River is joined by four tributaries; descending 40 metres (130 ft) over its 92-kilometre (57 mi) course. The catchment occupies an area of 4,679 square kilometres (1,807 sq mi) and is bordered by the Archer River drainage basin to the south. The catchment contains large wetland areas with the margins covered in stringybark forests and paperbark lined lagoons that are vital refuges for wildlife during the dry season. Several species of fish are known to inhabit the river including the empire gudgeon, northern trout gudgeon, chequered rainbowfish, black-banded rainbowfish, banded rainbowfish, spotted blue-eye, Obbes catfish, delicate blue-eyes fish and barramundi. The traditional owners of the area are the Wik, Winda winda and Mbelwum peoples.

text:
# Watson River (Queensland)

The **Watson River** is a river in Far North Queensland, Australia.

The headwaters of the river rise near the Aurukun Road and flows in a south westerly direction to Watson Crossing and continues through a valley before discharging into Archer Bay near Aurukun along with the Archer River and the Ward River, then onto the Gulf of Carpentaria. From source to mouth, the Watson River is joined by four tributaries; descending 40 metres (130 ft) over its 92-kilometre (57 mi) course.

The catchment occupies an area of 4,679 square kilometres (1,807 sq mi) and is bordered by the Archer River drainage basin to the south. The catchment contains large wetland areas with the margins covered in stringybark forests and paperbark lined lagoons that are vital refuges for wildlife during the dry season.

Several species of fish are known to inhabit the river including the empire gudgeon, northern trout gudgeon, chequered rainbowfish, black-banded rainbowfish, banded rainbowfish, spotted blue-eye, Obbes catfish, delicate blue-eyes fish and barramundi.

The traditional owners of the area are the Wik, Winda winda and Mbelwum peoples.

## InfoBox

| Watson | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of Watson River mouth in Queensland | |
| Location | |
| Country | Australia |
| State | Queensland |
| Region | Far North Queensland |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | Emberley Range |
| elevation | 40 m (130 ft) |
|  | |
| Mouth | Gulf of Carpentaria |
| location | Archer Bay |
| coordinates | 13°22′45″S 141°43′50″E / 13.37917°S 141.73056°E / -13.37917; 141.73056 |
| elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Length | 92 km (57 mi) |
| Basin size | 4,679 km2 (1,807 sq mi) |
|  | |


title: Merlin and the War of the Dragons

abstract: Merlin and the War of the Dragons is a 2008 fantasy film produced by The Asylum, based loosely on the legends of King Arthur. It was filmed entirely on location in Wales.

text:
# Merlin and the War of the Dragons

***Merlin and the War of the Dragons*** is a 2008 fantasy film produced by The Asylum, based loosely on the legends of King Arthur. It was filmed entirely on location in Wales.

## Plot

In Pre-England Britain, before the birth of King Arthur, Merlin (Simon Lloyd Roberts) serves under King Vortigern (Hefin Wyn).

Soon after Vortigern's coronation, fire-breathing dragons land in Britain, setting fire to buildings and eating its inhabitants. The dragons threaten the existence of Britain, and Vortigern instructs Merlin to lead an army against the dragons, ordering his best generals, Hengist (Iago McGuire) and Uther (Dylan Jones) to aid Merlin.

Merlin plots to defeat the dragons and defeats them using magic/knowledge.

## Cast

* Nia Ann - Lady Nimue
* Ceri Bostock - Gwyneth
* Carys Eleri - Lady Vivianne
* Ruthie Gwilym - Midwife
* William Huw - Torm
* Dylan Jones - Uther
* Iago McGuire - Hengist
* Jürgen Prochnow \- The Mage
* Simon Lloyd Roberts - Merlin
* Joseph Stacey - Vendiger
* Iona Thonger - Ingraine
* Hefin Wyn - Vortigern

* *Merlin* – A BBC television series premiering in the same year, which also tells of Merlin's early years

## InfoBox

| Merlin and the War of the Dragons | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Mark Atkins |
| Written by | Jon Macy |
| Produced by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Mark Atkins |
| Distributed by | The Asylum |
| Release date | * November 25, 2008 (2008-11-25) |
| Running time | 90 minutes |
| Countries | * United Kingdom * United States |
| Language | English |


title: Wattstown, County Westmeath

abstract: Wattstown is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 7.64 kilometres (5 mi) north–west of Mullingar. Wattstown is one of 8 townlands of the civil parish of Portloman in the barony of Corkaree in the Province of Leinster. The townland covers 282.11 acres (1.1417 km⁲). The neighbouring townlands are: Balrath to the north, Portloman to the south, Monroe to the south, Monroe or Johnstown (Nugent) to the south–west, Ballyedward to the west, Johnstown to the west and Piercefield or Templeoran to the north–west. The north–eastern boundary of the townland is formed by the shoreline of Lough Owel. In the 1911 census of Ireland there were 6 houses and 22 inhabitants in the townland. Two barrows in the townland are listed as national monuments.

text:
# Wattstown, County Westmeath

**Wattstown** is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 7.64 kilometres (5 mi) north–west of Mullingar.

Wattstown is one of 8 townlands of the civil parish of Portloman in the barony of Corkaree in the Province of Leinster. The townland covers 282.11 acres (1.1417 km2). The neighbouring townlands are: Balrath to the north, Portloman to the south, Monroe to the south, Monroe or Johnstown (Nugent) to the south–west, Ballyedward to the west, Johnstown to the west and Piercefield or Templeoran to the north–west. The north–eastern boundary of the townland is formed by the shoreline of Lough Owel.

In the 1911 census of Ireland there were 6 houses and 22 inhabitants in the townland.

Two barrows in the townland are listed as national monuments.

## InfoBox

| Wattstown | |
| --- | --- |
| Townland | |
| WattstownLocation of Wattstown within County Westmeath in the Republic of Ireland | |
| Coordinates: 53°34′28″N 7°25′28″W / 53.57444°N 7.42444°W / 53.57444; -7.42444 | |
| Country | Ireland |
| Province | Leinster |
| County | County Westmeath |
| Irish grid reference | N381584 |


title: Metapuzzle

abstract: A metapuzzle, also known as a meta-puzzle or meta, is a puzzle that uses the solutions to a set of puzzles to create or provide data for a final puzzle.

text:
# Metapuzzle

A **metapuzzle**, also known as a **meta-puzzle** or **meta**, is a puzzle that uses the solutions to a set of puzzles to create or provide data for a final puzzle.

## Overview

Game designer Cliff Johnson defines a meta-puzzle as "a collection of puzzles that, when solved, each give a piece of a master puzzle." A metapuzzle is a puzzle that unites several puzzles that feed into it. For example, five puzzles that had the answers BLACK, HAMMER, FROST, KNIFE, and UNION would lead to the metapuzzle answer JACK, which combines with all of those words to make new words and phrases.

A "meta-meta" can exist in larger sets of puzzles, uniting several metapuzzles. So if that metapuzzle answer JACK was alongside three metapuzzles with the answers TEN, QUEEN, and ACE, the meta-meta answer would be KING, the remaining card in an ace high straight.

Metapuzzles are frequently found in puzzle hunts.

The structure of a metapuzzle often makes it possible to guess, with a greater or lesser degree of certainty, the solutions to the puzzles that feed into it without solving them. This technique is called **backsolving**. For instance, in the above example, after solving the puzzles whose answers were BLACK, HAMMER, FROST, and KNIFE, and the metapuzzle answer JACK, a backsolver might, instead of solving the fifth puzzle, correctly guess UNION as its answer simply based on the knowledge that it must form a word or phrase with JACK. Backsolving is not infallible; the same backsolver might incorrectly guess SPRING-HEELED as the answer just as easily as correctly guessing UNION.

## Types

### Rally

In a *rally* metapuzzle, individual puzzles are checkpoints in a race or maze; solving the puzzle unlocks the location of the next puzzle.

### Compilation

In a *compilation* metapuzzle, the answers to puzzles unite as components used to solve a final puzzle. This form of puzzle is particularly inclined towards *backsolving*, where some of the component puzzle answers are used to solve the final metapuzzle, and the metapuzzle's solution is used to solve the remaining component puzzles.

### Cascade

A *cascade* is a metapuzzle where the solution to one puzzle becomes the basis for the next puzzle. For instance, a cryptogram might produce clues for a crossword puzzle, and the crossword's solution might form a word search.

### Crossword

Crossword metapuzzles are crosswords that, when correctly solved, provide the basis for a second puzzle. Crosswords with metapuzzle components started to grow in popularity in the 2010s, after Matt Gaffney began making crossword metapuzzles in 2008.

### Puzzle hunts that have metapuzzles

### Puzzle games that have metapuzzles

### Puzzle books that have metapuzzles

* The Librarian's Almanaq
* The Maze of Games
* The Year of Puzzles

### Websites that have metapuzzles


title: Metapseudidae

abstract: Metapseudidae is a family of crustaceans belonging to the order Tanaidacea.

text:
# Metapseudidae

**Metapseudidae** is a family of crustaceans belonging to the order Tanaidacea.

## Genera

Genera:

## InfoBox

| Metapseudidae | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Apseudes propinquus (YPM IZ 003255.CR) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Malacostraca |
| Order: | Tanaidacea |
| Family: | Metapseudidae |
|


title: Watch Over Me (novel)

abstract: Watch Over Me is a young adult novel by Nina LaCour, published September 15, 2020 by Dutton Books for Young Readers.

text:
# Watch Over Me (novel)

***Watch Over Me*** is a young adult novel by Nina LaCour, published September 15, 2020 by Dutton Books for Young Readers.

## Reception

*Watch Over Me* received starred reviews from *Kirkus,* *Booklist*, *Publishers Weekly*, and *School Library Journal*. The book is a Junior Library Guild selection.

In reviews, the book was called a "gripping ... emotion-packed must-read," "a painfully compelling gem from a masterful creator," and a "\[m\]oving, unsettling, and full of atmospheric beauty."

The audiobook received a starred review from *School Library Journal*, as well as a positive review from *Booklist.*

The New York Public Library, Chicago Public Library, *Buzzfeed*, and *Kirkus* named it one of the best books of the year.

Accolades for *Watch Over Me*
| Year | Accolade | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2021 | YALSA's Amazing Audiobooks for Young Adults | Selection |  |
| | YALSA's Best Fiction for Young Adults | Selection |  |
| 2020 | Chicago Public Library Best Teen Fiction of the Year | Selection |  |
| | *Buzzfeed* Best Young Adult Books of the Year | Selection |  |
| | *Kirkus* Best Books of the Year | Selection |  |
| | New York Public Library Best Books for Teens | Selection |  |

## InfoBox

Watch Over Me
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Nina LaCour |
| Language | English |
| Subject | Trauma, Solitude, Ghosts |
| Genre | Young adult fiction |
| Publisher | Dutton Children's Books |
| Publication date | September 15, 2020 |
| Media type | Print |
| Pages | 272 |
| ISBN | 9780593108970 |


title: Mi-jung

abstract:
Mi-jung, also spelled Mi-jeong, is a Korean feminine given name. The meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are 33 hanja with the reading "mi" and 75 hanja with the reading "jung" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names. People with this name include:
  - Mi-Jung Lee, South Korean-born Canadian television news anchor
  - Park Mi-jeong, South Korean rower
  - Kim Mi-jung, South Korean judoka who competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics
  - Kim Mi-jung (fencer), South Korean fencer
  - Kim Mi-jung, South Korean sport shooter
  - Jin Mi-jung, South Korean basketball player
  - Kim Mi-jung, South Korean judoka who competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics
  - Kim Mi-jung (racewalker), South Korean race walker
  - Seo Mi-jung, South Korean foil fencer
  - Nam Gyu-ri, South Korean actress
  - M. J. Hur, South Korean golfer

text:
# Mi-jung

**Mi-jung**, also spelled **Mi-jeong**, is a Korean feminine given name. The meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are 33 hanja with the reading "mi" and 75 hanja with the reading "jung" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names.

People with this name include:

## InfoBox

| Mi-jung | |
| --- | --- |
| Hangul | 미정 |
| Hanja | and others |
| Revised Romanization | *Mi-jeong* |
| McCune–Reischauer | *Mijŏng* |


title: Mi-Jung Lee

abstract: Mi-Jung Lee is a Canadian television journalist and news anchor based in Vancouver, British Columbia. She formerly co-anchored the weeknight 6pm newscast alongside Scott Roberts on CTV Vancouver, Roberts has since moved on to Global TV Edmonton and Lee is anchoring solo.

text:
# Mi-Jung Lee

**Mi-Jung Lee** (born September 12, 1966) (Korean: 이미정; RR: *I Mijeong*; born in Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, South Korea) is a Canadian television journalist and news anchor based in Vancouver, British Columbia. She formerly co-anchored the weeknight 6pm newscast alongside Scott Roberts on CTV Vancouver, Roberts has since moved on to Global TV Edmonton and Lee is anchoring solo.

## Biography

She moved with her family from South Korea to Vancouver at age 4, and graduated from Sir Charles Tupper Secondary School in 1984. She then completed an undergraduate degree in English literature at the University of British Columbia, and later a post-graduate degree in journalism at Ryerson University.

She began her on-air career in 1990 as a reporter and part-time anchor at CHEK-TV in Victoria, then moved to CHAN-TV (BCTV, then CTV's Vancouver affiliate) in 1992 and served in similar capacities, eventually anchoring that station's *News Hour Final* weeknights until 1998. That year she joined CIVT-TV (then independent station VTV) as 6pm news co-anchor alongside Paul Mennier. When CIVT became a CTV owned-and-operated station as part of the 2001 Vancouver TV realignment, Lee became anchor and producer of the station's 11:30pm newscast. She also briefly co-hosted the Western Canada edition of CTV's national breakfast television program *Canada AM* from January 2008 until its cancellation in June that year. She returned to CIVT's weeknight 6pm newscast as co-anchor in August 2018, after Mike Killeen and Tamara Taggart were let go from the station earlier that year.

Lee has appeared as a reporter or news anchor in several TV shows and films including *Snakes on a Plane*, *X-Men: The Last Stand*, *Tron: Legacy*, *Hot Rod* and *Watchmen*.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | *The 6th Day* | Newscaster |  |
| 2003 | *X2* | News Reporter |  |
| 2006 | *X-Men: The Last Stand* | Newscaster |  |
| 2006 | *Snakes on a Plane* | News Anchor |  |
| 2007 | *The Invisible* | Newscaster |  |
| 2007 | *Hot Rod* | Newswoman |  |
| 2009 | *Watchmen* | A Bomb Test Anchorwoman |  |
| 2010 | *Tron: Legacy* | Debra Chung |  |


abstract:
Metro. Reg'l Info. Sys., Inc. v. Am. Home Realty Network, Inc., 722 F.3d 591 (2013)., was a United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit case in which a court held two issues:
  - The copyright owner of a collective work, such as an automated database, was not required by a pre-suit copyright registration requirement to identify names of creators and titles of individual work.
  - By clicking yes to the term of use and uploading photograph, is sufficient to writing component in assignment of right under 17 U.S.C. § 204

text:
# Metropolitan Regional Information System, Inc. v. American Home Realty Network, Inc.

*Metro. Reg'l Info. Sys., Inc. v. Am. Home Realty Network, Inc.*, 722 F.3d 591 (2013)., was a United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit case in which a court held two issues:

1. The copyright owner of a collective work, such as an automated database, was not required by a pre-suit copyright registration requirement to identify names of creators and titles of individual work.
2. By clicking yes to the term of use and uploading photograph, is sufficient to writing component in assignment of right under 17 U.S.C. § 204

## Background

Metropolitan Regional Information Systems Inc. ("MRIS") operates an online multiple listing service which provides property listings and related information to its subscribers, real estate broker and agent. In order to upload their real estate to MRIS database, subscribers have to click "yes" to MRIS Terms of Use Agreement ("TOU") that assigns copyright in each photographs to MRIS.

MRIS registers the database every quarter with the U.S. Copyright Office pursuant to the rules for an automated database. As the basis for each quarterly application, MRIS typically describes the material as "daily updated and revised text and images and new text and images," but does not name or describe individual photos.

American Home Realty Network ("AHRN") operates NeighborCity.com, a national real estate search engine and referral business. The site gets its information, among others, by scraping information from the MRIS Database.

After failure to make a licensing agreement, MRIS field suit against AHRN and its CEO for copyright infringement and sought for a preliminary injunction. The district court granted a preliminary injunction in the use of MRIS's photographs. AHRN appealed based on two reasons:

1. MRIS failed to register its copyright in the individual photographs;
2. By clicking "yes" to TOU, subscribers did not transfer their copyright in the photographs to MRIS.

## Opinion of Court

For the first issue, AHRN asserted that MRIS failed to identify names of creators and titles of individual works as required by 17 U.S.C. §§ 409(2)(6) Therefore, MRIS did not register its interest in the individual photographs. The court stated that 17 U.S.C. § 408 allows a groups registration of related works, such as automated database. As articulated in Craigslist v. 3Taps, the court recognized collective work registration as sufficient if the registrant owns the rights to the component work, because "it would be ... \[absurd and\] inefficient to require the registrant to list each author for an extremely large number of component works to which the registrant has acquired an exclusive license." In addition, it would add impediments to automated database authors' attempts to register their own component works and would conflict with the general purpose of Section 409, which is encouraging prompt registration. Thus thwarting the specific goal embodied in Section 408 of easing the burden on group registrations. Here, MRIS owned each photographs transferred by the subscriber. Therefore, MRIS satisfied the pre-suit registration requirement.

### On the Clickwrap agreement

The court moved to the other issue, whether clicking "yes" to MRIS's TOU operated as an assignment of copyright in the photographs under 17 U.S.C. § 204.

> A transfer of one or more of the exclusive rights of copyright ownership by assignment or exclusive license is not valid unless an instrument of conveyance, or a note or memorandum of the transfer, is in writing and signed by the owner of the rights conveyed or such owner's duly authorized agent

The court noted that 17 U.S.C. § 204 was intended to solve a dispute between owners and transferees, not for the benefit of a third party infringer. E-SIGN Act defines an electronic signature means that: "...an electronic sound, symbol, or process, attached to or logically associated with a contract or other record and executed or adopted by a person with the intent to sign the record." A click on the website could be regarded as signature under the E-SIGN Act. Citing E-SIGN Act, the court stated that this Act can be applied to a copyright case because none of the exception under this Act applies to this case.15 U.S.C. § 7001(b) provides that it "does not ... limit, alter, or otherwise affect any requirement imposed by a statute, regulation, or rule of law ... other than a requirement that contracts or other records be written, signed, or in nonelectric form." Since 17 U.S.C. § 204(a) requires transfers be "written" and "signed,"15 U.S.C. § 7001(b) intended to limit, alter, or otherwise affect of 17 U.S.C. § 204(a). Therefore, the court held that the electronic agreement can satisfy a transfer of right under 17 U.S.C. § 204. Affirmed the District Court's decision.

## Subsequent developments

From the decision in this case, by clicking "yes" to the Clickwrap Agreement, a user could agree to transfer his copyright to the websites, other than his intent to agree with the term of use. This could establish some new considerations for practitioners dealing with copyright matters. As more transactions become entirely electronic in nature, it is likely that more courts will join the Fourth Circuit in holding that clicks and taps can constitute signed writings in general business as well as specifically in the copyright context.

The court concluded that subscribers who click "yes" to the Terms of Use Agreement indicate assent via E-sign.However, the court gave no comment on whether such assent would constitute a valid agreement in this appeal to preliminary injunction; therefore, the validity MRIS's copyright transfer might need to further be solved in its merit claims. Whether the accepting in a Clickwrap Agreement should be interpreted that the user consented to transfer his own right is still a controversial issue. In a practical way, it might have to consider if the user is forced to click yes to the Clickwrap Agreement. If so, it might be clearer if the website would use both the clicking to the Term of Use and the signing to assent to transfer the user's right to the website. It should be interesting to see how other courts would decide this same issue.

Text of Metro. Reg'l Info. Sys., Inc. v. Am. Home Realty Network, Inc., 722 F.3d 591 is available from: google scholar  United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit  Text of Metro. Reg'l Info. Sys., Inc. v. Am. Home Realty Network, Inc. case brief is available from: IP Law Chat  National Association of Realtors  Text of Craigslist Inc., v. 3Taps Inc.,942 F.Supp.2d 962 is available from: google scholar

## InfoBox

| Metropolitan Regional Information System, Inc. v. American Home Realty Network, Inc. | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Court | United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit |
| Decided | July 17, 2013 (2013-07-17) |
| Citations | *Metro. Reg'l Info. Sys., Inc. v. Am. Home Realty Network, Inc.*, 722 F.3d 591 (2013). |
| Case history | |
| Appealed from | The United States District Court for the District of Maryland Southern Division |
| Court membership | |
| Judges sitting | TRAXLER, Chief Judge, and GREGORY and DUNCAN, Circuit Judges |
| Case opinions | |
| Decision by | Judge DUNCAN in which Chief Judge Traxler and Judge Gregory joined |
| Keywords | |
| cyberlaw·copyright law·Clickwrap | |


title: Michael Barnwell

abstract: Lionel Michael Lowry Barnwell is an English former first-class cricketer who played for Cambridge University, Somerset and Eastern Province. A nephew of John Barnwell, who played cricket for Somerset before and after the Second World War, Michael Barnwell was born at Crewkerne and educated at Repton School and Christ's College, Cambridge. At cricket, Barnwell was a middle-order right-handed batsman and an occasional right-arm medium-pace bowler. After captaining the first XI at Repton in 1963, he played four times for Cambridge University in 1965 and 1966 without gaining a regular place, and six times for Somerset in 1967 and 1968. His only seasons of regular first-class cricket were for Eastern Province in South Africa when he opened the innings for a side that included the Pollock brothers and Tony Greig. His one century in top-class cricket came in his only List A match: 124 against Orange Free State in the quarter-final of the Gillette Cup in 1970–71. He left first-class cricket at the end of the 1970–71 season. Barnwell joined the Royal Air Force Secretarial Branch and received the Sword of Merit at the conclusion of his officer training in 1975. From 1976 to 1981, he played in and often captained the Combined Services teams that played the National Cricket Association's Young Cricketers teams in one-day matches at Lord's.

text:
# Michael Barnwell

**Lionel Michael Lowry Barnwell** (born 12 August 1943) is an English former first-class cricketer who played for Cambridge University, Somerset and Eastern Province.

A nephew of John Barnwell, who played cricket for Somerset before and after the Second World War, Michael Barnwell was born at Crewkerne and educated at Repton School and Christ's College, Cambridge.

At cricket, Barnwell was a middle-order right-handed batsman and an occasional right-arm medium-pace bowler. After captaining the first XI at Repton in 1963, he played four times for Cambridge University in 1965 and 1966 without gaining a regular place, and six times for Somerset in 1967 and 1968. His only seasons of regular first-class cricket were for Eastern Province in South Africa when he opened the innings for a side that included the Pollock brothers and Tony Greig. His one century in top-class cricket came in his only List A match: 124 against Orange Free State in the quarter-final of the Gillette Cup in 1970–71. He left first-class cricket at the end of the 1970–71 season.

Barnwell joined the Royal Air Force Secretarial Branch and received the Sword of Merit at the conclusion of his officer training in 1975. From 1976 to 1981, he played in and often captained the Combined Services teams that played the National Cricket Association's Young Cricketers teams in one-day matches at Lord's.

## InfoBox

Michael Barnwell
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Lionel Michael Lowry Barnwell |
| Born | (1943-08-12) 12 August 1943<br>Crewkerne, Somerset, England |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm medium |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1965–1966 | Cambridge University |
| 1967–1968 | Somerset |
| 1969/70–1970/71 | Eastern Province |
|  | |
| FC debut | 22 May 1965 Cambridge Univ. v New Zealanders |
| Last FC | 1 January 1971 Eastern Province v Natal |
| Only LA | 7 November 1970 Eastern Province v Orange Free State |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class List A  Matches 19 1  Runs scored 612 124  Batting average 19.74 124.00  100s/50s 0/2 1/0  Top score 74 124  Balls bowled 400 0  Wickets 3   Bowling average 64.66   5 wickets in innings 0   10 wickets in match 0   Best bowling 1/11   Catches/stumpings 10/– 1/– | |
|  | |
| Source: CricketArchive, 8 December 2012 | |


title: Michael Beesley

abstract: Michael Edwin Beesley CBE was a British industrial economist and briefly a Liberal Party politician.

text:
# Michael Beesley

**Michael Edwin Beesley** CBE (3 July 1924 – 24 September 1999) was a British industrial economist and briefly a Liberal Party politician.

## Background

He was a son of Edwin and Kathleen Beesley. He was educated at King Edward VI Five Ways School, Birmingham, and Birmingham University. In 1947 he married Eileen Eleanor Yard. They had two daughters and three sons. In 1985 he was appointed a CBE.

## Professional career

He became a research associate at Birmingham University in April 1947. In 1948 he undertook work on the economics side under the direction of Mr. Clive Williams for the Abercrombie-Jackson Town and Country Survey. He then resumed work at the university, where he was a member of the junior staff. He founded the Beesley lectures, an annual series of lectures on economic regulation.

## Political career

He was the Liberal candidate for Birmingham King's Norton at the 1950 general election. He did not stand for parliament again.


title: Michael C. Ostrowski

abstract: Michael C. Ostrowski is an American cancer biologist and geneticist currently is the WH Folk Endowed Professor at Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina and an Elected Fellow at the American Association for the Advancement of Science. His interests are cancer cells and genes.

text:
# Michael C. Ostrowski

**Michael C. Ostrowski** is an American cancer biologist and geneticist currently is the WH Folk Endowed Professor at Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina and an Elected Fellow at the American Association for the Advancement of Science. His interests are cancer cells and genes.

## Education

He earned his B.S. at Illinois Benedictine College in 1975 and Ph.D at University of South Carolina.

## Academic Positions

2017-Present WH Folk Endowed Professor of Experimental Oncology https://medicine.musc.edu/departments/biochemistry Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC

2017-Present Senior Advisor to the Director, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC

2014-2017 Professor and Vice-Chair, Cancer Biology & Genetics Department , Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH

2010-2016 Co-Director, Solid Tumor Biology Program, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center

2006-2014 Professor & Chair, Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry Department, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH

1999-2017 Co-Director, Molecular Biology & Cancer Genetics Program, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center

1999-2006 Professor, Molecular Genetics Department, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH

1995-1999 Associate Professor, Molecular Genetics Department, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH

1985-1995 Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC

1983-1985 Senior Staff Fellow, Lab of Tumor Virus Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD

## Publications

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/michael.ostrowski.2/bibliography/public/

https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=xdIRtREAAAAJ&hl=en

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2948-6297


abstract: Michael Hordern was an English actor whose career spanned seven decades. He made more than 160 film appearances, usually in supporting character roles, and appeared in over 100 theatrical productions, most of them Shakespeare.

text:
# Michael Hordern on stage, screen and radio

Michael Hordern (3 October 1911 — 2 May 1995) was an English actor whose career spanned seven decades. He made more than 160 film appearances, usually in supporting character roles, and appeared in over 100 theatrical productions, most of them Shakespeare.

## Stage credits

Hordern appeared as an amateur for several seasons at the St Pancras People's Theatre, while working at the Educational Supply Association, before he turned professional in 1937.

Hordern's stage credits
| Production | Date | Theatre | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Othello* | March 1937 | People's Palace, Mile End | Lodovico |  |
| *Arms and the Man* | 1937 | Tour of Scandinavia and the Baltic capitals | Sergius | With Westminster Productions |
| *Outward Bound* | 1937 | Tour of Scandinavia and the Baltic capitals | Henry | With Westminster Productions |
| Various | 1937–1939 | Little Theatre, Bristol | Various | In repertory theatre |
| *Without the Prince* | April 1940 | Whitehall Theatre | PC James Hawkins |  |
| *A Doll's House* | January 1946 | Intimate Theatre | Torvald Helmer |  |
| *Dear Murderer* | July 1946 | Aldwych Theatre | Richard Fenton |  |
| *The Fairy-Queen* | December 1946 | Covent Garden Theatre | Bottom |  |
| *Noose* | June 1947 | Saville Theatre | Captain Hoyle |  |
| *Toad of Toad Hall* | December 1948 | Memorial Theatre, Stratford-on-Avon | Mr. Toad |  |
| *A Woman in Love* | April 1949 | Embassy Theatre | Pascal |  |
| *Stratton* | October 1949 | Touring | Rev John Courtenay |  |
| *Toad of Toad Hall* | December 1949 | Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, Stratford-on-Avon | Mr. Toad |  |
| *Ivanov* | April 1950 | Arts Theatre | Nikolai Ivanov |  |
| *Macbeth* | June 1950 | Arts Theatre | Macduff |  |
| *Party Manners* | October 1950 | Prince's Theatre | Christopher |  |
| *Saint's Day* | September 1951 | Arts Theatre | Paul Southman |  |
| *Coriolanus* | 1952 season | Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, Stratford-on-Avon | Menenius | With the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre Company |
| *As You Like It* | 1952 season | Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, Stratford-on-Avon | Jaques | With the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre Company |
| *Volpone* | 1952 season | Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, Stratford-on-Avon | Sir Politic Would-Be | With the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre Company |
| *Hamlet* | 1953 | Edinburgh Festival | Polonius |  |
| *Hamlet* | 1953–1954 | The Old Vic | Polonius | with the Old Vic Company |
| *All's Well That Ends Well* | 1953–1954 | The Old Vic | Parolles | with the Old Vic Company |
| *Twelfth Night* | 1953–1954 | The Old Vic | Malvolio | with the Old Vic Company |
| *The Tempest* | 1953–1954 | The Old Vic | Prospero | with the Old Vic Company |
| *Nina* | July 1955 | Haymarket Theatre | Georges de Fourville |  |
| *The Doctor's Dilemma* | October 1955 | Saville Theatre | Sir Ralph Bloomfield Bonington |  |
| *What Shall We Tell Caroline?* | April 1958 | Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith | Tony Peters | On a double bill with *The Dock Brief*; transferred to the Garrick Theatre in May 1958 |
| *The Dock Brief* | April 1958 | Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith | Morgenhall | On a double bill with *What Shall We Tell Caroline?*; transferred to the Garrick Theatre in May 1958 |
| *Julius Caesar* | Oct 1958 | The Old Vic | Cassius | with the Old Vic Company |
| *Ghosts* | Oct 1958 | The Old Vic | Pastor Manders | with the Old Vic Company |
| Macbeth | Oct 1958 | The Old Vic | Macbeth | with the Old Vic Company |
| *The Magistrate* | Oct 1958 | The Old Vic | Mr Posket | with the Old Vic Company |
| *Moonbirds* | October 1959 | Cort Theatre, New York | Alexander Chabert |  |
| *Oedipus Rex* | April 1960 | Sadler's Wells Theatre | Narrator |  |
| *Playing With Fire* | June 1962 | Aldwych Theatre | Father | with the Royal Shakespeare Company |
| *The Collection* | June 1962 | Aldwych Theatre | Harry | with the Royal Shakespeare Company |
| *Troilus and Cressida* | October 1962 | Aldwych Theatre | Ulysses | with the Royal Shakespeare Company |
| *The Physicists* | January 1963 | Aldwych Theatre | Herbert Georg Beutler | with the Royal Shakespeare Company |
| *Saint's Day* | May 1965 | Royal Theatre | Paul Southman |  |
| *Relatively Speaking* | March 1967 | Duke of York's Theatre | Philip |  |
| *Enter a Free Man* | March 1968 | St Martin's Theatre | George Riley |  |
| *A Delicate Balance* | January 1969 | Aldwych Theatre | Tobias | with the Royal Shakespeare Company |
| *King Lear* | October 1969 | Nottingham Playhouse, Nottingham | King Lear | Production visited The Old Vic, February 1970 |
| *Flint* | May 1970 | Criterion Theatre |  |  |
| *Jumpers* | 1972 | The Old Vic | George Moore | with the National Theatre company |
| *Richard II* | 1972 | The Old Vic | John of Gaunt | with the National Theatre company |
| *The Cherry Orchard* | May 1973 | The Old Vic | Leonid Gayev | with the National Theatre company |
| *Stripwell* | October 1975 | Royal Court Theatre | Graham Stripwell |  |
| *Once upon a Time* | 1976 | Bristol Old Vic | Fedya |  |
| *The Ordeal of Gilbert Pinfold* | 1977 | Round House Theatre, Manchester | Gilbert Pinfold | then Round House Theatre, London, 1979 |
| *The Tempest* | 1978 | Royal Shakespeare Theatre | Prospero | with the Royal Shakespeare Company |
| *Love's Labour's Lost* | 1978 | Royal Shakespeare Theatre | Don Adriano de Armado | with the Royal Shakespeare Company |
| *The Ordeal of Gilbert Pinfold* | 1979 | Round House Theatre | Gilbert Pinfold |  |
| *The Rivals* | 1983 | National Theatre | Sir Anthony Absolute |  |
| *You Never Can Tell* | 1987 | Haymarket Theatre | William the waiter |  |
| *Bookends* | 1990 | Apollo Theatre |  |  |
| *Trelawny of the 'Wells'* | 1992 | Comedy Theatre |  |  |

## Filmography

Filmography of Hordern
| Film | Year | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *A Girl Must Live* | 1939 | Cast member |  |
| *Band Waggon* | 1940 | Minor Role | Uncredited |
| *The Girl in the News* | 1940 | Assistant Prosecuting Counsel | Uncredited |
| *The Years Between* | 1946 | MP in the House of Commons | Uncredited |
| *A Girl in a Million* | 1946 | Divorce counsel |  |
| *School for Secrets* | 1946 | Lieutenant-Commander Lowther |  |
| *Mine Own Executioner* | 1947 | Co-counsel at Felix's Hearing | Uncredited |
| *Night Beat* | 1947 | Cast member | Uncredited |
| *Good-Time Girl* | 1948 | Seddon, detective |  |
| *The Small Voice* | 1948 | Dr. Mennell |  |
| *Third Time Lucky* | 1949 | Second doctor | Uncredited |
| *Portrait from Life* | 1949 | Johnson |  |
| *Passport to Pimlico* | 1949 | Bashford |  |
| *Train of Events* | 1949 | First plain clothes man | (segment "The Actor") |
| *The Astonished Heart* | 1950 | Ernest |  |
| *Trio* | 1950 | Vicar | (in segment The Verger) |
| *Highly Dangerous* | 1950 | Rawlings, director of laboratory |  |
| *Flesh and Blood* | 1951 | Webster |  |
| *Scrooge* | 1951 | Jacob Marley |  |
| *Tom Brown's Schooldays* | 1951 | Wilkes |  |
| *The Magic Box* | 1951 | Official receiver |  |
| *The Card* | 1952 | Bank manager | Uncredited |
| *The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men* | 1952 | Scathelock |  |
| *The Hour of 13* | 1952 | Sir Herbert Frensham |  |
| *Street Corner* | 1953 | Detective Inspector Heron |  |
| *Grand National Night* | 1953 | Inspector Ayling |  |
| *Personal Affair* | 1953 | Headmaster Griffith |  |
| *The Heart of the Matter* | 1953 | Commissioner of Police |  |
| *You Know What Sailors Are* | 1954 | Captain Hamilton |  |
| *Forbidden Cargo* | 1954 | Director |  |
| *The Beachcomber* | 1954 | Headman |  |
| *Svengali* | 1954 | Billy's Uncle | Uncredited |
| *The Night My Number Came Up* | 1955 | Commander Lindsay |  |
| *The Dark Avenger* | 1955 | King Edward III |  |
| *The Constant Husband* | 1955 | Judge |  |
| *Storm Over the Nile* | 1955 | General Faversham |  |
| *The Man Who Never Was* | 1956 | General Coburn |  |
| *Alexander the Great* | 1956 | Demosthenes |  |
| *Pacific Destiny* | 1956 | Gregory, resident commissioner |  |
| *The Baby and the Battleship* | 1956 | Captain Hugh |  |
| *The Spanish Gardener* | 1956 | Harrington Brande |  |
| *No Time for Tears* | 1957 | Surgeon |  |
| *Windom's Way* | 1957 | Patterson |  |
| *The Dock Brief* | 1957 | Barrister Wilfred Morganhall | BBC - TV film |
| *I Accuse!* | 1958 | Prosecutor |  |
| *The Spaniard's Curse* | 1958 | Mr Justice Manton |  |
| *Girls at Sea* | 1958 | Admiral Hewitt |  |
| *I Was Monty's Double* | 1958 | Rusty |  |
| *Sink the Bismarck!* | 1960 | Admiral Sir John Tovey |  |
| *Moment of Danger* | 1960 | Inspector Farrell |  |
| *Man in the Moon* | 1960 | Dr Davidson |  |
| *El Cid* | 1961 | Don Diego |  |
| *The Scales of Justice* | 1962 | Opening Credits Narrator | uncredited |
| *The V.I.P.s* | 1963 | Airport director |  |
| *Cleopatra* | 1963 | Cicero |  |
| *Dr. Syn, Alias the Scarecrow* | 1963 | Sir Thomas Banks |  |
| *The Yellow Rolls-Royce* | 1964 | Harmsworth |  |
| *Genghis Khan* | 1965 | Geen |  |
| *The Spy Who Came in from the Cold* | 1965 | Ashe |  |
| *Cast a Giant Shadow* | 1966 | British Ambassador |  |
| *Khartoum* | 1966 | Lord Granville |  |
| *A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum* | 1966 | Senex |  |
| *The Taming of the Shrew* | 1967 | Baptista |  |
| *The Jokers* | 1967 | Sir Matthew |  |
| *How I Won the War* | 1967 | General Grapple |  |
| *I'll Never Forget What's'isname* | 1967 | Headmaster |  |
| *Prudence and the Pill* | 1968 | Dr Morley | Uncredited |
| *Where Eagles Dare* | 1968 | Vice-Admiral Rolland |  |
| *The Bed Sitting Room* | 1969 | Captain Bules Martin |  |
| *Anne of the Thousand Days* | 1969 | Thomas Boleyn |  |
| *Futtocks End* | 1970 | Butler |  |
| *Some Will, Some Won't* | 1970 | James Deniston Russell |  |
| *Up Pompeii* | 1971 | Ludicrus Sextus |  |
| *A Christmas Carol* | 1971 | Jacob Marley |  |
| *The Possession of Joel Delaney* | 1972 | Justin Lorenz |  |
| *The Pied Piper* | 1972 | Melius |  |
| *Demons of the Mind* | 1972 | Priest |  |
| *Alice's Adventures in Wonderland* | 1972 | Mock Turtle |  |
| *Theatre of Blood* | 1973 | George William Maxwell |  |
| *The Mackintosh Man* | 1973 | Brown |  |
| *England Made Me* | 1973 | F. Minty |  |
| *The Three Musketeers* | 1973 | Treville | Voice, Uncredited |
| *Girl Stroke Boy* | 1973 | George Mason |  |
| *Juggernaut* | 1974 | Baker | Uncredited |
| *Royal Flash* | 1975 | Headmaster |  |
| *Mister Quilp* | 1975 | Grandfather |  |
| *Barry Lyndon* | 1975 | Narrator | Voice |
| *Lucky Lady* | 1975 | Captain Rockwell |  |
| *The Slipper and the Rose* | 1976 | King |  |
| *Joseph Andrews* | 1977 | Parson Adams |  |
| *The Medusa Touch* | 1978 | Fortune teller |  |
| *Watership Down* | 1978 | Narrator/Frith | Voice |
| *The Talking Parcel* | 1978 | Oswald, the Sea Serpent | Voice |
| *The Wildcats of St Trinian's* | 1980 | Sir Charles Hackforth |  |
| *Ivanhoe* | 1982 | Cedric |  |
| *The Missionary* | 1982 | Slatterthwaite |  |
| *Gandhi* | 1982 | Sir George Hodge |  |
| *Oliver Twist* | 1982 | Mr. Brownlow |  |
| *Yellowbeard* | 1983 | Dr Gilpin |  |
| *The Wind in the Willows* | 1983 | Badger | Voice |
| *The Zany Adventures of Robin Hood* | 1984 | Rupert |  |
| *Young Sherlock Holmes* | 1985 | Older John Watson | Voice |
| *Comrades* | 1986 | Mr Pitt |  |
| *Lady Jane* | 1986 | Dr Feckenham |  |
| *Labyrinth* | 1986 | Wiseman | Voice |
| *Suspicion* | 1987 | Lord McLaidlaw |  |
| *The Trouble with Spies* | 1987 | Jason Locke |  |
| *The Secret Garden* | 1987 | Ben Weatherstaff |  |
| *Diamond Skulls* | 1989 | Lord Crewne |  |
| *The Fool* | 1990 | Mr Tatham |  |
| *Beauty and the Beast* | 1992 | Monsieur De Bois | Voice |
| *Freddie as F.R.O.7* | 1992 | King | Voice |

## Television

Filmography of Hordern
| Programme | Year | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Whistle and I'll Come to You (Omnibus)* | 1968 | Professor Parkin |  |
| *Edward the Seventh* | 1975 | William Ewart Gladstone | Prime Minister during the later reign of Queen Victoria. |
| *Tales of the Unexpected* | 1979 | Cyril Bixby | 1 episode |
| *Shōgun* | 1980 | Friar Domingo | 5 episodes |
| *Gauguin the Savage* | 1980 | Durand-Huel |  |
| *Rod and Line* | 1982 | monologues on fishing and philosophy | Produced by Granada |
| *Sir Michael's House Party* | 1993 | Himself | Temporary host of *Noel's House Party* for one episode. |

## Radio broadcasts

Radio broadcasts of Michael Hordern
| Broadcast | Date | Role | Notes | Refs. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *The Sunday Play*: "Abraham Lincoln" | 14 June 1947 | Abraham Lincoln | tbc |  |
| *Third Programme*: "The Dock Brief" | 16 May 1957 | Wilfred Morganhall |  |  |
| Radio drama series: *Jeeves & Wooster* | 1973–1981 | Jeeves | 8 series and 1 short story |
| The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series) | March-August 1981 | Gandalf |  |  |
| *Saturday Night Theatre*: "Leave It to Psmith" | 3 October 1981 | Lord Emsworth |  |  |
| *Globe Theater*: "The Miser" | 28 September 1986 | Harpagon |  |  |
| *Cadfael*: "Monk's Hood" | 1991 | Narrator |  |  |
| *Cadfael*: "The Virgin in the Ice" | 1992 | Narrator |  |  |
| *Drama on 3*: "Hamlet, Prince of Denmark" | 26 April 1992 | Player King |  |  |
| *The Monday Play*: "The Importance of Being Earnest" | 13 February 1995 | Lane |  |  |

### Citations

### Sources


title: Michael Gerber (non-fiction writer)

abstract: Michael E. Gerber is an American author and founder of Michael E. Gerber Companies, a business skills training company based in Carlsbad, California.

text:
# Michael Gerber (non-fiction writer)

**Michael E. Gerber** (born June 20, 1936) is an American author and founder of Michael E. Gerber Companies, a business skills training company based in Carlsbad, California.

## Biography

Michael E. Gerber was born on June 20, 1936, in Elizabeth, NJ. He was the son of Harry Gerber (a furniture salesman) and Helen Gary Gerber Aaron.

With his first wife, Diana Duncan, Gerber had two children, Axel & Kim. With his second wife, Susan Arndt, he had his middle child, Hillary. He married his third wife, Ilene (a partner and shareholder in E-Myth Worldwide) in 1985, with whom he had his last two children, Sam and Olivia. Gerber was remarried to Luz Delia, his fourth wife, in 2006. Luz Delia Gerber was born March 4, 1948.

## Writings

*The E-Myth* (1986) ASIN B004KIC420

*Power Point* (1992) ISBN 978-0-88730-536-8

*The E-Myth Revisited* (1995) ISBN 978-0-88730-728-7

*E-Myth Mastery* (2005) ISBN 978-0-06-072323-1

*Awakening the Entrepreneur Within* (2008) ISBN 978-0-06-156814-5

*The E-Myth Enterprise* (2009) ISBN 978-0-06-173369-7

*The Most Successful Small Business in The World* (2010) ISBN 978-0-470-50362-1

## E-Myth Vertical Series

*The E-Myth Manager* (1998) ISBN 978-0-88730-959-5

*The E-Myth Contractor* (2003) ISBN 978-0-06-093846-8

*The E-Myth Physician* (2003) ISBN 978-0-06-093840-6

*The E-Myth Attorney* (2010) ISBN 978-0-470-50365-2 (Co-authored)

*The E-Myth Accountant* (2011) ISBN 978-0-470-50366-9 (Co-authored)

*The E-Myth Optometrist* (2011) ISBN 978-0-9835001-1-7 (Co-authored)

*The E-Myth Chiropractor* (2011) ISBN 978-0-9835001-3-1 (Co-authored)

*The E-Myth Financial Advisor* (2011) ISBN 978-0-9835001-5-5 (Co-authored)

*The E-Myth Landscape Contractor* (2011) ISBN 978-0-9835001-7-9 (Co-authored)

*The E-Myth Architect* (2012) ISBN 978-0-9835001-9-3 (Co-authored)

*The E-Myth Real Estate Brokerage* (2012) ISBN 978-0-9835542-9-5 (Co-authored)

*The E-Myth Insurance Store* (2013) ISBN 978-1-61835-008-4 (Co-authored)

*The E-Myth Dentist* (2014) ISBN 978-1-61835-025-1 (Co-authored)

*The E-Myth Nutritionist* (2014) ISBN 978-1-61835-029-9 (Co-authored)

*The E-Myth Bookkeeper* (2014) ISBN 978-1-61835-014-5 (Co-authored)

## Awards and honors

Named World's Number One Small Business Guru, Inc. Magazine; and Lifetime Achievement Award, National Academy of Bestselling Authors, 2010.

## Events

In 2019, Michael Gerber, alongside Ken Goodrich, presented the opening keynote at the Service World Expo in Las Vegas. The conference was the biggest in HVAC history and saw the launch of Gerber and Goodrich's joint work, *E-Myth HVAC Contractor*.

1. (Michael E. Gerber Companies website does not display)

## InfoBox

| Michael E. Gerber | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Michael E. Gerber<br>20 June 1936 |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | author |
| Website | https://www.emyth.com |


title: Michael Gerber (parodist)

abstract: Michael Gerber is best known as the author of the Barry Trotter series, a Sunday Times best-selling parody of the Harry Potter books. Before becoming a novelist, Gerber contributed humor to The Yale Record, The New Yorker, The Atlantic, The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, Slate, NPR, and Saturday Night Live, among many other venues. He is an alumnus of Yale and Oak Park River Forest High School. In October 2015, Gerber launched The American Bystander, an all-star print humor quarterly. The magazine was an immediate hit, garnering strongly positive reviews in The New York Times and Newsweek, which hailed Bystander as "the last great humor magazine." As of January 2020, Bystander's thirteen issues have raised over $290,000 via crowdfunding and subscriptions on Patreon. Gerber currently serves as editor and publisher, personally handling all aspects of the venture. This auteurist method is somewhat unique in publishing; Gerber refined and perfected it with Barry Trotter and his other large-scale parodies of the 90's and 2000's. In addition to providing an old-style closeness between editor and audience, its efficiency allows Bystander to pay its contributors. A March 2019 column in The New York Times by Jennifer Finney Boylan lauded Gerber's "hard work and genius" as it detailed Bystander's long, strange path to publication. In early 1982, a full pilot issue was prepared by then-Editor Brian McConnachie and Managing Editor Boylan, but funding fell through before it could be distributed. Gerber referred to this test run as he prepared the 2015 edition, blending it with contemporary trends in comedy and design. Boylan wrote that the result is a "beautiful, hilarious magazine — very much what we always hoped the Bystander would become." While an undergraduate, Gerber restarted The Yale Record, America's oldest humor magazine. Gerber served as president of The Record's alumni organization from 1994 to 2014, developing an editorial and publishing model for the magazine. As a result, he is frequently contacted by student editors from all around the world, and has most recently worked with students at DePaul University, Ohio State University, Cambridge University, and UCLA. His humor novels have sold 1.2 million copies in 25 languages worldwide. Before turning to comedy, Gerber considered a career as a historian specializing in the 1960s and 70s. In 2008, he, along with novelist/editor Ed Park and author Devin McKinney, launched the popular Beatles fan site Hey Dullblog. Gerber has run the site for over a decade, and it has become a well-loved source for intelligent if irreverent analysis of the group, its music, and the era.

text:
# Michael Gerber (parodist)

**Michael Gerber** (born June 14, 1969) is best known as the author of the Barry Trotter series, a *Sunday Times* best-selling parody of the Harry Potter books. Before becoming a novelist, Gerber contributed humor to *The Yale Record*, *The New Yorker*, *The Atlantic*, *The New York Times*, *The Wall Street Journal*, *Slate*, NPR, and *Saturday Night Live*, among many other venues. He is an alumnus of Yale and Oak Park River Forest High School.

In October 2015, Gerber launched *The American Bystander*, an all-star print humor quarterly. The magazine was an immediate hit, garnering strongly positive reviews in *The New York Times* and *Newsweek*, which hailed *Bystander* as "the last great humor magazine." As of January 2020, *Bystander*'s thirteen issues have raised over $290,000 via crowdfunding and subscriptions on Patreon. Gerber currently serves as editor and publisher, personally handling all aspects of the venture. This auteurist method is somewhat unique in publishing; Gerber refined and perfected it with Barry Trotter and his other large-scale parodies of the 90's and 2000's. In addition to providing an old-style closeness between editor and audience (as with Hugh Hefner and Stan Lee), its efficiency allows *Bystander* to pay its contributors.

A March 2019 column in *The New York Times* by Jennifer Finney Boylan lauded Gerber's "hard work and genius" as it detailed *Bystander'*s long, strange path to publication. In early 1982, a full pilot issue was prepared by then-Editor Brian McConnachie and Managing Editor Boylan, but funding fell through before it could be distributed. Gerber referred to this test run as he prepared the 2015 edition, blending it with contemporary trends in comedy and design. Boylan wrote that the result is a "beautiful, hilarious magazine — very much what we always hoped the *Bystander* would become."

While an undergraduate, Gerber restarted *The Yale Record*, America's oldest humor magazine. Gerber served as president of *The Record'*s alumni organization from 1994 to 2014, developing an editorial and publishing model for the magazine. As a result, he is frequently contacted by student editors from all around the world, and has most recently worked with students at DePaul University, Ohio State University, Cambridge University, and UCLA.

His humor novels have sold 1.2 million copies in 25 languages worldwide.

Before turning to comedy, Gerber considered a career as a historian specializing in the 1960s and 70s. In 2008, he, along with novelist/editor Ed Park and author Devin McKinney, launched the popular Beatles fan site Hey Dullblog. Gerber has run the site for over a decade, and it has become a well-loved source for intelligent if irreverent analysis of the group, its music, and the era.

## Bibliography

* *Barry Trotter and the Shameless Parody* (2002) ISBN 978-0-575-07454-5
* *Barry Trotter and the Unnecessary Sequel* (2003) ISBN 978-0-575-07558-0
* *Barry Trotter and the Dead Horse* (2004) ISBN 978-0-575-07630-3
* *The Chronicles of Blarnia: The Lying Bitch in the Wardrobe* (2005) ISBN 978-0-575-07816-1
* *Freshman* (2006) ISBN 978-0-7868-3850-9
* *Sophomore* (2006) ISBN 978-1-890470-03-6
* *Our Kampf: Collected Humor 1989-2004* (2006) ISBN 978-1-890470-04-3
* *A Christmas Peril* (2008) ISBN 978-1-890470-05-0
* *Life After Death for Beginners* (2010) ISBN 978-1-890470-06-7
* *Downturn Abbey* (2012) ISBN 978-1-890470-10-4
* The American Bystander #1 (2015) ISBN 978-0692587171
* The American Bystander #2 (2016) ISBN 978-0692724064
* The American Bystander #3 (2016) ISBN 978-0692799550
* The American Bystander #4 (2017) ISBN 978-0692869123
* The American Bystander #5 (2017) ISBN 978-0692943892
* The American Bystander #6 (2017) ISBN 978-0692983072
* The American Bystander #7 (2018) ISBN 978-0692065853
* The American Bystander #8 (2018) ISBN 978-0692184332
* The American Bystander #9 (2018) ISBN 978-0578428734
* The American Bystander #10 (2019) ISBN 978-0578483979
* The American Bystander #11 (2019) ISBN 978-0578538020
* The American Bystander #12 (2019) ISBN 978-0578578439
* The American Bystander #13 (2019) ISBN 978-0578602028
* The American Bystander #14 (2020) ISBN 978-0578665689


title: Michael Geppi

abstract: Michael Geppi is CEO of Timbre Technologies, Inc. He is a serial entrepreneur, focusing on highly disruptive technology. Geppi is a former member of the County Council of Harford County, Maryland and served as Maryland's Deputy Secretary of Health under Governor Larry Hogan.

text:
# Michael Geppi

**Michael Geppi** is CEO of Timbre Technologies, Inc. He is a serial entrepreneur, focusing on highly disruptive technology. Geppi is a former member of the County Council of Harford County, Maryland and served as Maryland's Deputy Secretary of Health under Governor Larry Hogan.

## Education

Michael Geppi attended North Harford High School, graduating in 1993. He received his B.S. from Towson University in 1997, then his M.P.A. in 2004 from the University of Delaware. Geppi later earned an MBA from the Robert H. Smith School of Business at the University of Maryland.

## Political career

Geppi was elected to the Harford County Council from District C in 1998. At the time, he was 23 years of age and is the youngest person to ever have been elected in the history of Harford County. Geppi served as Chairman of the Harford County Republican Party from 2006 to 2008. He also served as a vice chairman of the Maryland Republican Party and was a Delegate to the Republican National Convention in 2008.

## Teaching career

Geppi has been a faculty member at the Robert H. Smith School of Business at the University of Maryland since 2012. Geppi abruptly abandoned his teaching position mid semester to pursue his political career. He offered his students positions for the "Geppi Group".

## Notes and references

## InfoBox

| Michael A. Geppi | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Harford County Council District C | |
| **In office**<br>December 7, 1998  December 2, 2002 | |
| Preceded by | *Mark Decker* |
| Succeeded by | Robert Cassilly |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Towson, Maryland |
| Political party | Republican |
|  | |


title: Michael Cohen (pharmacist)

abstract: Michael Cohen is an American pharmacist, and president of the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP). He was a 2005 MacArthur Fellow.

text:
# Michael Cohen (pharmacist)

**Michael Cohen** is an American pharmacist, and president of the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP). He was a 2005 MacArthur Fellow.

## Life

He graduated from Temple University with a BS (1968) and MS (1984) in pharmacy. He has also been awarded honorary Doctor of Science degrees from Thomas Jefferson University, the University of the Sciences in Philadelphia and Long Island University, and an honorary Doctor of Public Service degree from the University of Maryland. He wrote a column for the journal *Hospital Pharmacy*. He writes a column for *The Philadelphia Inquirer*.

## Family

He was married to the late Hedy Goffman Cohen. Hedy was a registered nurse who worked with her husband at ISMP. They have two children, Rachel Cohen and Jennifer Gold.

## Works

* *Medication errors* (2 ed.). American Pharmacist Association. 2007. ISBN 978-1-58212-092-8.

## InfoBox

| Michael Cohen | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | Temple University |
| Spouse | Hedy Cohen |
| Awards | MacArthur Fellow |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Pharmacy |
| Institutions | Institute for Safe Medication Practices |
|  | |


title: Michael McCarthy (film director)

abstract: Michael McCarthy was a British screenwriter and television and film director. He entered the film industry in 1934 and worked at the Crown Film Unit. He died aged 42, survived by a wife and three children. A Variety obituary said he was "regarded as a director of considerable promise".

text:
# Michael McCarthy (film director)

**Michael McCarthy** (27 February 1917  7 May 1959) was a British screenwriter and television and film director. He entered the film industry in 1934 and worked at the Crown Film Unit.

He died aged 42, survived by a wife and three children. A *Variety* obituary said he was "regarded as a director of considerable promise".

## Selected filmography

1. McCarthy, Michael, British Film Institute.
2. "Film director dies at 42". *Daily Mail*. 8 May 1959. p. 18.
3. "Obituaries - Michael McCarthy". *Variety*. 20 May 1959. p. 79.


title: Michael McCarty

abstract: Michael McCarty was an American movie, television, and stage actor. He was known for his roles in Casper (1995), Dead Man (1995), and in The Legend of Bagger Vance (2000). He was born in Evansville, Indiana. On Broadway he's portrayed Admiral Boom/Bank Chairman in Mary Poppins, Andrew Carnes in Oklahoma!, Beadle Bamford in Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, Mr. Bumble in Oliver!. He starred as John Dickinson in the national tour of 1776 and J.P. Morgan in Ragtime. McCarty died in Santa Barbara, California from heart failure after traveling there for a stage production. He was 68 years old.

text:
# Michael McCarty

**Michael McCarty** (September 7, 1946 - September 26, 2014) was an American movie, television, and stage actor. He was known for his roles in *Casper* (1995), *Dead Man* (1995), and in *The Legend of Bagger Vance* (2000). He was born in Evansville, Indiana.

On Broadway he's portrayed Admiral Boom/Bank Chairman in *Mary Poppins*, Andrew Carnes in *Oklahoma!*, Beadle Bamford in *Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street*, Mr. Bumble in *Oliver!*. He starred as John Dickinson in the national tour of *1776* and J.P. Morgan in *Ragtime*.

McCarty died in Santa Barbara, California from heart failure after traveling there for a stage production. He was 68 years old.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1989 | *Jacknife* | Landlord | (scenes deleted) |
| 1995 | *Casper* | Drunk in Bar |  |
| 1995 | *Dead Man* | Makah Villager #3 |  |
| 1996 | *Dunston Checks In* | Tex |  |
| 1999 | *Dudley Do-Right* | Local Banker |  |
| 2000 | *The Legend of Bagger Vance* | Delahunty |  |

## Other websites

## InfoBox

| Michael McCarty | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1946-09-07)September 7, 1946
Evansville, Indiana, U.S. |
| Died | September 26, 2014(2014-09-26) (aged 68)
Santa Barbara, California, U.S. |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1975-2014 |
| Spouse | Jane Seaman |


title: Michael DenDekker

abstract: Michael G. DenDekker is an American politician and former assemblyman for the state of New York's 34th district, which included the neighborhoods of Woodside, Jackson Heights, and East Elmhurst, all in the Borough and County of Queens.

text:
# Michael DenDekker

**Michael G. DenDekker** (born July 11, 1961) is an American politician and former assemblyman for the state of New York's 34th district, which included the neighborhoods of Woodside, Jackson Heights, and East Elmhurst, all in the Borough and County of Queens.

## Education and career

DenDekker was born in Jackson Heights, attending Our Lady of Fatima Grammar School and Monsignor McClancy Memorial High School. He attended the State University of New York at Farmingdale, majoring in automotive technology.

After college he worked as a banquet manager for a caterer and an account representative for MetLife. He joined the New York City Department of Sanitation in 1995, where he was promoted to supervisor in March 2001. Later that year he was assigned to the New York City Office of Emergency Management as a public information officer and in 2003 he also became a special projects coordinator. He retired from the Sanitation Department and his assignment at OEM in 2006, after which he was a facilities manager for the New York City Council.

From 1998 to 2002, he worked as a part-time district representative for State Assembly member Margaret Markey. After longtime Assemblyman Ivan Lafayette decided not to run for reelection, DenDekker ran for the seat. He won uncontested general elections in 2008 and 2010.

## Legislative career

DenDekker attracted public attention with two bills he proposed in February 2011 that would have required all bicycles in New York to be registered, inspected, and given license plates for a mandatory US $25 fee. DenDekker proposed the idea as an attempt to draw attention to bicyclists who violate existing state laws and to generate revenue for the state. After significant objections from his colleagues, constituents and local clerks, DenDekker withdrew the bill.

In May 2010, DenDekker introduced a bill to develop a cigarette butt recycling program and require a minimum deposit of one cent per cigarette.

In 2020, he was defeated in the Democratic primary by democratic socialist opponent Jessica González-Rojas.

## Personal life

DenDekker and his wife Angela have four children: Michael, Linda, Elizabeth, and Jason. His step-daughter, Elizabeth Delaney, died on March 11, 2012. He has three grandchildren Jasen, Vincent, and Justin. He occasionally works as an actor, has appeared in several movies and TV showsincluding the first two seasons of Elementary, as a Detectiveand is a member of the Screen Actors Guild.

## InfoBox

| Michael G. DenDekker | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the New York State Assembly
from the 34th district | |
| **In office**
January 1, 2009  January 1, 2021 | |
| Preceded by | Ivan Lafayette |
| Succeeded by | Jessica González-Rojas |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1961-07-11) July 11, 1961
Jackson Heights, Queens |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Angela |
| Children | Four |
| Residence | East Elmhurst, Queens |
| Profession | politician |
| Website | Official website |
|  | |


title: Michael Hite

abstract: Michael Hite is an American politician serving as a member of the West Virginia House of Delegates from the 92nd district.

text:
# Michael Hite

**Michael Hite** (born July 8, 1966) is an American politician serving as a member of the West Virginia House of Delegates from the 92nd district.

## InfoBox

| Michael Hite | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the West Virginia House of Representatives
from the 92nd district | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
December 1, 2022 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Martinsburg, West Virginia |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Pamla |
| Children | 4 |
| Occupation | Business Owner |
|  | |


title: Wayside horn

abstract: In rail transport, a wayside horn is an audible signal used at level crossings. They can be used in place of, or in addition to, the locomotive's horn as the train approaches the crossing. They are often used in special railroad "quiet zones" in the United States, where the engineer is not required to sound the locomotive's horn at a crossing. This reduces the ambient noise at the crossing, which may be desirable in residential areas. Such railroad crossings may still require the traditional bells as part of the crossing signals in addition to the wayside horns. One form is mounted on a pole at the crossing. The product is patented.

text:
# Wayside horn

In rail transport, a **wayside horn** is an audible signal used at level crossings. They can be used in place of, or in addition to, the locomotive's horn as the train approaches the crossing. They are often used in special railroad "quiet zones" in the United States, where the engineer is not required to sound the locomotive's horn at a crossing. This reduces the ambient noise at the crossing, which may be desirable in residential areas. Such railroad crossings may still require the traditional bells as part of the crossing signals in addition to the wayside horns.

One form is mounted on a pole at the crossing. The product is patented.

## Further reading

* For regulation in the United States: 49 CFR 222.59


title: Wronie

abstract: Wronie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wąbrzeźno, within Wąbrzeźno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-west of Wąbrzeźno and 35 km (22 mi) north-east of Toruń.

text:
# Wronie

**Wronie** \[ˈvrɔɲɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wąbrzeźno, within Wąbrzeźno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-west of Wąbrzeźno and 35 km (22 mi) north-east of Toruń.

## InfoBox

| Wronie | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Former church from first half of 14th century. In late 17th converted into a granary. | |
| Wronie | |
| Coordinates: 53°18′9″N 18°53′4″E / 53.30250°N 18.88444°E / 53.30250; 18.88444 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Kuyavian-Pomeranian |
| County | Wąbrzeźno |
| Gmina | Wąbrzeźno |
| Population | 350 |


title: Muskegon Community College

abstract: Muskegon Community College (MCC) is a public community college in Muskegon, Michigan. The college offers 49 associate degree programs and 33 certificate programs. The college's main campus is located on a 111-acre campus in Muskegon, with extension centers in Ottawa and Newaygo counties. MCC was founded as Muskegon Junior College in 1926 and has been continually accredited by the Higher Learning Commission since 1929. The community college district was created via the Michigan Constitution of 1963 along with an elected board of trustees and the college moved to its current campus location, an Alden B. Dow designed facility that opened to the public in 1967. In 1995, the Stevenson Center for Higher Education opened; it comprised a consortium of Ferris State University, Grand Valley State University, and Western Michigan University, designed to increase access to educational opportunities for Muskegon residents. In 2010 the Outdoor Learning Lab, a focal point of green technology and center for MCC's new Alternative and Renewable Energy certificate program, opened. Several new or expanded buildings were constructed or commissioned from 2014.

text:
# Muskegon Community College

**Muskegon Community College** (MCC) is a public community college in Muskegon, Michigan. The college offers 49 associate degree programs and 33 certificate programs. The college's main campus is located on a 111-acre campus in Muskegon, with extension centers in Ottawa and Newaygo counties.

MCC was founded as Muskegon Junior College in 1926 and has been continually accredited by the Higher Learning Commission since 1929. The community college district was created via the Michigan Constitution of 1963 along with an elected board of trustees and the college moved to its current campus location, an Alden B. Dow designed facility that opened to the public in 1967. In 1995, the Stevenson Center for Higher Education opened; it comprised a consortium of Ferris State University, Grand Valley State University, and Western Michigan University, designed to increase access to educational opportunities for Muskegon residents. In 2010 the Outdoor Learning Lab, a focal point of green technology and center for MCC's new Alternative and Renewable Energy certificate program, opened. Several new or expanded buildings were constructed or commissioned from 2014.

## History

### Establishment

Muskegon Junior College was established by the Muskegon Board of Education in 1926 and was housed on the third floor of what was then the new Muskegon High School. It was a pioneering effort, since only four other two-year institutions existed in Michigan at the time.

By 1934, enrollment of both the college and the high school had grown beyond the capacity of a single building. The Junior College, therefore, moved into the former Hackley School in downtown Muskegon across from Hackley Park (now the Board of Education Building).

It was appropriate that the college should occupy the old Hackley building, which had been presented to the public schools of Muskegon by Charles Hackley after fire had destroyed the original Central School. The city's First Citizen believed that a community was obliged to offer its youth the kind of training which would enable them to earn a good livelihood and at the same time contribute to the well-being of the community.

At the time of its move into this facility and for 17 years after, Muskegon Junior College was primarily geared to those students intending to complete at least four years of college. Muskegon's reputation in this field of the "college transfer" program was an enviable one, and continues to be so today.

Then in June 1951, after an enabling act by the Michigan Legislature, the name and educational scope of the college was changed. "Muskegon Junior College" became "Muskegon Community College," thereby reflecting the expanded nature of the college's programs.

They were broadened to serve a larger number of students with a wider variety of interests. Courses were added in retailing, the vocations, the technical fields, public health, and the trades. These courses enabled young men and women to prepare themselves for a specific field of employment in two years of training beyond high school. There was no shrinking of the transfer program, only an expanded curriculum to serve a larger segment of the community.

In the post World War II years, enrollment climbed quickly and the Community College "campus" had to grow accordingly. The Muskegon Board of Education, which still operated the college, utilized available space in many of its buildings, and rented other community facilities when enrollment exceeded the capacities of those buildings.

By the early 1960s, enrollment had topped 2,000 and the college was operating full-time at Hackley, Vanderlaan, and Wilson schools and part-time at eight other locations. The time had come for another step in the development of the college.

The Board of Education formed a Special Citizens Committee to study the entire program and make recommendations. The Committee proposed that the college be separated from the public school system, that a county-wide community college district be created, that a board of trustees be elected to plan, build, and operate the school, and that millage be voted in sufficient amount and for enough years to build and operate the college.

### New campus

In April 1963, the county overwhelmingly approved the recommendations of the committee and elected the first board of trustees. The elected board went to work immediately and by September of that year had purchased the 111-acre (0.45 km2) campus on which the college exists today.

Alden B. Dow and Associates was named architect and by the summer of 1965 drawings were completed and construction begun. The Vocational-Technical Wing was completed and occupied in the fall of 1966 and the following September the entire complex was placed in service. Formal dedication ceremonies were held October 22, 1967, with Dr. Ashley Montagu, one of the world's foremost anthropologists, delivering the dedicatory address.

The first addition to the new campus was the Frauenthal Foundation Fine Arts Center, completed in 1968 and named for the Muskegon industrialist whose gift had made the Center possible – A. Harold Frauenthal.

When the new district was created, the name of the college was changed to Muskegon County Community College; but in the spring of 1969, at the request of the board of trustees, the State Board of Education approved changing the name once again to Muskegon Community College.

### University outreach

January 1995 brought the completion of the Stevenson Center for Higher Education on the campus of Muskegon Community College. The Center houses upper-level courses and programs offered by Ferris State University, Grand Valley State University, Michigan State University, and Western Michigan University. These institutions, along with Muskegon Community College, have formed a "consortium" to coordinate offerings to meet the needs of West Michigan residents.

The 90,000-square-foot (8,400 m2) facility is about one-third the size of the main building and was constructed to complement existing architecture. Attached to the main building near the Technical Wing, the James L. Stevenson Center for Higher Education contains communication technology with all of its 35 rooms connected via fiber optics for voice, video and data transmission. In addition to housing the educational programs of the consortium member institutions, the center is also the new home for MCC's Media Center and Graphic Design program.

### Further developments

Newly opened in January 2006, the Hendrik Meijer Library Information Technology Center offers students and the community communication capabilities, including wireless Internet access, library facilities/technologies and classrooms, and an Internet café. The 40,000-square-foot (3,700 m2) facility has three levels overlooking the woods and creek, and offers special services including interlibrary loan, photocopy machines, group study rooms, a quiet reading room, a workstation for visually impaired persons, and both group and individual orientations.

In 2010 the Outdoor Learning Center, featuring a green roof, opened to the public. The Center contains many alternative energy demonstration technologies, serving as a laboratory for MCC students enrolled in a certificate program for Wind and Solar Alternative Energy technologies.

Building upon its two decades of offering classes in Grand Haven, MCC opened its Ottawa County Center in 2012 inside the Grand Haven Community Center.

In 2012, MCC and the Muskegon Area Intermediate School District (MAISD) launched the Early College of Muskegon County offering select high school students an intense five-year program leading to both a high school diploma and an associate degree. The concept was expanded and MCC offered Early College of Newaygo County, North Ottawa County Early College and South Ottawa Early College.

In November 2013, Muskegon voters approved $24 million to support four MCC facilities expansion projects outlined as goals in the college's 2010-2015 Master Plan.

In September 2014, MCC signed a purchase agreement with The Herald Publishing Co. LLC and the owners of the former Muskegon Chronicle building, to buy the building and an adjacent parking lot for a downtown campus. In December 2017, the Peter and Carolyn I. Sturrus Technology Center opened as the new home to MCC's Applied Technology programs in CAD, Electronics/Automation, Engineering, Machining, Metal Casting, Materials, and Welding, as well as to MCC's Experiential Learning Program.

In June 2015, local developer Jonathan Rooks donated the 23,790 square-foot former Masonic Temple to MCC for its Entrepreneurial Studies program and related business-generating activities. Nick Sarnicola, a West Michigan native and highly successful entrepreneur, and his wife, Ashley, then created a $200,000 permanent endowment through their Next Gen Foundation to the Foundation for Muskegon Community College to support an annual $10,000 cash award for the best business idea generated by an MCC entrepreneurial program graduate. The Rooks-Sarnicola Entrepreneur Institute opened in June 2018 and also houses the Lakeshore Fab Lab.

In August 2015, MCC opened its $9.6 million Science Center, home to the MCC Life Sciences Department and the college's biology labs and research areas. In April 2016, the facility earned the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Gold Certification for its sustainable strategies used in its design and construction - one of only four buildings in Muskegon to have received this high honor.

The same year, MCC purchased the Muskegon Family YMCA's West Western Avenue property on Muskegon Lake for $1.17 million as part of the college's community-focused health and wellness initiative, which includes the construction of a new center on campus. The building opened in 2016 at the MCC Lakeshore Fitness Center.

In 2017, MCC was the top-ranked Michigan community college by BestColleges.com for its gainful employment, graduation rates, and earnings outcomes. MCC has earned acclaim as a national leader in student success, having been named an Achieving the Dream Leader College, as well as a Top 50 Best Value community college in the U.S. MCC ranked 27th among the 1,711 community and other two-year colleges in the nation evaluated for gainful employment and earnings outcomes.

In November 2018, the 52,000 square foot MCC Health and Wellness Center opened on the main campus. The facility houses the college's Health, Physical Education and Recreation Department; the Medical Assistant Program; the Athletic Department Office; a state-of-the-art Health Simulation Lab for MCC students in nursing, respiratory therapy, and medical assistant programs; learning spaces and classrooms; the Ron Gaffner Multipurpose Room; a regulation wood floor gymnasium; a one-tenth mile indoor running track; and a fitness center. The Mercy Health Partners Primary Care Center, a collaboration between MCC and its Mercy Health and Grand Valley State University educational partners, is also located there.

In Fall 2019, the new MCC Arts and Humanities Center is scheduled to open on the main campus

## Campus

The campus is located on the northwest corner of Marquette Ave. and Quarterline Rd., near the boundary of Muskegon, Michigan and Muskegon Township, Michigan. It extends westward towards Harvey Street along U.S. Highway 31, where the Muskegon Area Career Technical Center is located. University Park Golf Course, the only community college-owned golf course in the State of Michigan, opened in 1968 and is located across from the main campus at the northeast corner of the intersection.

The Academic Complex was designed by Alden B. Dow. It features an enclosed court and two wings, with Four-Mile Creek flowing underneath.

The 111-acre (0.45 km2) campus includes the Technology Building, the Hendrik Meijer Library & Information Technology Center (opened January 2006), the Bartels-Rode Gymnasium, the Frauenthal Foundation Fine Arts Center with the Overbrook Theater and Art Gallery, the Stevenson Center for Higher Education, the Science Center, the Health and Wellness Center, and an Art Building.

The main building has three levels: Level 1 is at ground level. Level 2 is below it. Level 3 is at the bottom.

### Service area

As defined by the Michigan Legislature, the official service area of Muskegon Community College includes territory within the following school districts:

## Stevenson Center for Higher Education

The Stevenson Center for Higher Education opened in 1995. Originally named the Muskegon Center for Higher Education, it was named in honor of James Stevenson, the College President who spearheaded its construction.

The top floor houses a television studio, a computer laboratory, a conference room, a lecture hall, media services, graphics technology. The middle floor houses conference rooms and classrooms, and the bottom floor houses classrooms.

In addition, the Center houses programs from the following universities.

## Muskegon Area Career Technical Center

The Career Technical Center houses K-12 vocational-technical programs in partnership with the Muskegon Area Intermediate School District. It opened in 2005.

## MCC-TV

Muskegon Community College operates MCC-TV, a Public, educational, and government access (PEG) cable TV station, that markets educational, cultural and informative programs that advance the mission of the college. MCC TV can be viewed in Muskegon County and Newaygo County on Comcast Channels 98 and 902, and in Ottawa County, Oceana County, northern Muskegon County and northern Allegan County on Charter Channel 190.

## Online Radio

MCC Radio is an online radio station operated by the college.

## Astronomy

Muskegon Community College is home to the Carr-Fles Planetarium, which was completely renovated in 2012 and remains West Michigan's only free planetarium, and also owns an observatory at the Muskegon County Wastewater Treatment Facility.

## Athletics

Muskegon Community College offers its students 17 intercollegiate sports, more than any other community college in the state of Michigan. The team nickname is "Jayhawks" and the school colors are Royal Blue and Gold. MCC competes in the following intercollegiate sports - Men's and Women's Basketball, Men's and Women's Soccer, Men's and Women's Cross Country, Men's and Women's Bowling, Men's and Women's Indoor Track, Men's and Women's Outdoor Track, Baseball, Softball, Women's Volleyball, Men's Golf and Wrestling. All indoor athletic events are held in the Bartels-Rode Gymnasium. Baseball and softball are played on the respective fields adjacent to the gymnasium.

MCC competes in the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA) Region XII and the Michigan Community College Athletic Association (MCCAA).

National Championships:

* 1963: Men's Cross Country - NJCAA
* 1964: Men's Cross Country - NJCAA
* 1970: Wrestling - NJCAA
* 2010: Softball - NJCAA

Club Sports National Championships:

* 2003: Men's Ice Hockey - ACHA Division III

## Notable alumni

## InfoBox

Muskegon Community College
| Muskegon Community College campus | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Public community college |
| Established | 1926 |
| President | John Selmon |
| Students | 4,078 (Fall 2018) |
| Location | Muskegon, Michigan, United States
43°14′57″N 86°11′45″W / 43.2492°N 86.1957°W / 43.2492; -86.1957 |
| Campus | Urban |
| Colors | Royal Blue, Gold |
| Nickname | Jayhawks |
| Mascot | Jay |
| Website | muskegoncc.edu |


abstract: As minor planet discoveries are confirmed, they are given a permanent number by the IAU's Minor Planet Center (MPC), and the discoverers can then submit names for them, following the IAU's naming conventions. The list below concerns those minor planets in the specified number-range that have received names, and explains the meanings of those names. Official naming citations of newly named small Solar System bodies are approved and published in a bulletin by IAU's Working Group for Small Bodies Nomenclature (WGSBN). Before May 2021, citations were published in MPC's Minor Planet Circulars for many decades. Recent citations can also be found on the JPL Small-Body Database (SBDB). Until his death in 2016, German astronomer Lutz D. Schmadel compiled these citations into the Dictionary of Minor Planet Names (DMP) and regularly updated the collection. Based on Paul Herget's The Names of the Minor Planets, Schmadel also researched the unclear origin of numerous asteroids, most of which had been named prior to World War II. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: SBDB New namings may only be added to this list below after official publication as the preannouncement of names is condemned. The WGSBN publishes a comprehensive guideline for the naming rules of non-cometary small Solar System bodies.

text:
# Meanings of minor planet names: 324001–325000

As minor planet discoveries are confirmed, they are given a permanent number by the IAU's Minor Planet Center (MPC), and the discoverers can then submit names for them, following the IAU's naming conventions. The list below concerns those minor planets in the specified number-range that have received names, and explains the meanings of those names.

Official naming citations of newly named small Solar System bodies are approved and published in a bulletin by IAU's Working Group for Small Bodies Nomenclature (WGSBN). Before May 2021, citations were published in MPC's *Minor Planet Circulars* for many decades. Recent citations can also be found on the JPL Small-Body Database (SBDB). Until his death in 2016, German astronomer Lutz D. Schmadel compiled these citations into the *Dictionary of Minor Planet Names* (DMP) and regularly updated the collection.

Based on Paul Herget's *The Names of the Minor Planets*, Schmadel also researched the unclear origin of numerous asteroids, most of which had been named prior to World War II.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: SBDB New namings may only be *added to this list below after official publication* as the preannouncement of names is condemned. The WGSBN publishes a comprehensive guideline for the naming rules of non-cometary small Solar System bodies.

## 324001–324100

| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 324101–324200

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 324201–324300

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 324301–324400

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 324401–324500

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 324417 Kaisiadorys | 2006 SS290 | Kaisiadorys, a town in central Lithuania. | IAU **·** 324417 |

## 324501–324600

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 324601–324700

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 324701–324800

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 324787 Wlodarczyk | 2007 GR75 | Ireneusz Wlodarczyk (born 1950) is a Polish astronomer at the Astronomical Observatory in Chorzow. Wlodarczyk specializes in the computation of orbits of asteroids and comets. He has written a number of popular books and 100 scientific papers. | JPL **·** 324787 |

## 324801–324900

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 324901–325000

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 324925 Vivantdenon | 2007 WO1 | Dominique Vivant Baron Denon (1747–1825), a French artist, writer, diplomat, author, and archaeologist. | JPL **·** 324925 |

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title: Nebria crenatostriata

abstract: Nebria crenatostriata is a species of ground beetle in the Nebriinae subfamily that can be found in Italy and Switzerland.

text:
# Nebria crenatostriata

***Nebria crenatostriata*** is a species of ground beetle in the Nebriinae subfamily that can be found in Italy and Switzerland.

## InfoBox

| *Nebria crenatostriata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Nebria* |
| Species: | ***N. crenatostriata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Nebria crenatostriata***<br>Bassi, 1834 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Nebria femoralis* Gestro, 1875 * *Nebria gestroi* Csiki, 1927 | |