title: Onavo

abstract: Onavo, Inc. was an Israeli mobile web analytics company that was purchased by Facebook, Inc., who changed the company's name to Facebook Israel. The company primarily performed its activities via consumer mobile apps, including the virtual private network (VPN) service Onavo Protect, which analysed web traffic sent through the VPN to provide statistics on the usage of other apps. Guy Rosen and Roi Tiger founded Onavo in 2010. In October 2013, Onavo was acquired by Facebook, which used Onavo's analytics platform to monitor competitors. This influenced Facebook to make various business decisions, including its 2014 acquisition of WhatsApp. Since the acquisition, Onavo was frequently classified as being spyware, as the VPN was used to monetize application usage data collected within an allegedly privacy-focused environment. In August 2018, Facebook pulled Onavo Protect from the iOS App Store due to violations of Apple's policy forbidding apps from collecting data on the usage of other apps. In February 2019, in response to criticism over a Facebook market research program employing similar techniques, Onavo announced that it would close the Android version of Protect as well.

text:
# Onavo

**Onavo, Inc.** was an Israeli mobile web analytics company that was purchased by Facebook, Inc. (now Meta Platforms), who changed the company's name to **Facebook Israel**. The company primarily performed its activities via consumer mobile apps, including the virtual private network (VPN) service Onavo Protect, which analysed web traffic sent through the VPN to provide statistics on the usage of other apps.

Guy Rosen and Roi Tiger founded Onavo in 2010. In October 2013, Onavo was acquired by Facebook, which used Onavo's analytics platform to monitor competitors. This influenced Facebook to make various business decisions, including its 2014 acquisition of WhatsApp.

Since the acquisition, Onavo was frequently classified as being spyware, as the VPN was used to monetize application usage data collected within an allegedly privacy-focused environment. In August 2018, Facebook pulled Onavo Protect from the iOS App Store due to violations of Apple's policy forbidding apps from collecting data on the usage of other apps. In February 2019, in response to criticism over a Facebook market research program employing similar techniques (including, in particular, being targeted towards teens), Onavo announced that it would close the Android version of Protect as well.

## History

Onavo was founded in 2010 by Roi Tiger and Guy Rosen. Onavo won multiple awards in 2011. The company received first prize at the Mobile Beat 2011 conference hosted by VentureBeat, and the award for most innovative app at the 2011 International Startup Festival, as well as being selected as the "Best Mobile Startup" by *The Next Web*.

Onavo had two rounds of funding: the first was a Series A investment for $3 million from Magma Venture Partners and Sequoia Capital in May 2011. The second was a Series B investment of $13 million from Magma Ventures, Sequoia Capital, and Horizons Ventures. Onavo's sale to Facebook is one of the top exits for Magma Venture Partners and other Israeli venture capital firms.

On October 13, 2013, Facebook bought Onavo for approximately $120 million.

In March 2014, Adi Soffer Teeni was appointed CEO of Facebook Israel.

In an email dated June 9, 2016, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg directed engineers at Facebook to find a method of obtaining "reliable analytics" about Snapchat, which he noted that Facebook lacked due to Snapchat's network traffic being encrypted. The solution Facebook engineers proposed to Zuckerberg's directive was to use Onavo, which allowed the company to read network traffic on a device prior to its being encrypted, thereby giving the company the ability "to measure detailed in-app activity" and to collect analytics on Snapchat app usage from devices on which Onavo was installed. It did this by creating "fake digital certificates to impersonate trusted Snapchat, YouTube, and Amazon analytics servers to redirect and decrypt secure traffic from those apps for Facebook’s strategic analysis." The program, which was named "Project Ghostbusters" in reference to Snapchat's ghost-shaped logo, was later expanded to include Amazon and YouTube.

In February 2018, it was reported that Facebook had begun to include advertising for the Onavo Protect app within the Facebook app for iOS users in the United States. This led to denouncements of the app by media outlets, who classified Onavo as spyware because it is used by Facebook to monetize usage habits within a privacy-focused environment, and because the app listing did not contain a prominent disclosure of Facebook's ownership. The app's listings were later amended to disclaim that Onavo Protect may collect information on app and website usage to improve Facebook products and services.

In August 2018, Facebook pulled Onavo Protect from the iOS App Store after pressure by Apple, who declared it a violation of guidelines barring apps from harvesting data from other apps on a user's device.

On February 21, 2019, in the wake of renewed controversy over the service due to the related Facebook Research program, Facebook announced that it would sunset Onavo Protect VPN and pull its app from Google Play Store. Effective immediately, the service ceased collecting personal data.

The Australian Competition & Consumer Commission (ACCC) initiated legal proceedings against Facebook on December 16, 2020, alleging that Facebook engaged in "false, misleading or deceptive conduct" by using personal data collected from Onavo "for its own commercial purposes" contrary to Onavo's privacy-oriented marketing. Facebook responded that it was "always clear about the information we collect and how it is used", and would defend itself in court. In July 2023 Australia's Federal Court ordered Facebook's owner to pay A$20 million for failing to disclose how Onavo would be used to collect data, as well as A$400,000 to cover the ACCC's legal fees.

In 2016, Jordana Cutler, who had previously served as the director of Ambassador Ron Dermer's office and as an advisor to Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, was appointed as Public Policy Director for Facebook Israel.

In September 2016, Israel's Minister of Justice Ayelet Shaked and Minister of Internal Security Gilad Erdan introduced a bill aimed at curbing online incitement and hate speech, imposing restrictions on the dissemination of illegal and offensive content on the Internet and social media platforms. Dubbed the "Facebook Law" by the media, the proposal garnered widespread support within the government. Between 2016 and 2018, it passed through various stages of approval: first gaining endorsement from the Ministerial Committee for Legislation, then advancing through preliminary and first readings in the Knesset Plenum, making it eligible for consideration in the Constitution, Law and Justice Committee. In July 2018, the committee greenlit the bill for its second and third readings, setting the stage for final ratification by the Knesset plenary. However, at the eleventh hour, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu unexpectedly intervened to halt the process. In response, Nissan Slomiansky, chairman of the Constitution, Law, and Justice Committee, asserted that the sudden reversal was prompted by pressure from "large forces" with vested interests. Media reports speculated that Jordana Cutler, Netanyahu's former advisor who serves as Facebook's Public Policy Director in Israel, played a pivotal role in influencing the Prime Minister's decision to block the legislation. Lawyer Itai Leshem, claimed during his campaign in the 2024 Israeli Labor Party leadership election, that this was part of an ongoing alleged bribe between PM Netanyahu and Facebook.

## Products

Onavo maintained consumer-oriented utility apps, including Onavo Count, which tracked bandwidth usage by apps, as well as Onavo Extend and Onavo Protect, which were VPN services for data compression and security, respectively.

In 2013, the company launched Onavo Insights, a mobile analytics platform that tracked the market share and active usage of apps using data obtained from Onavo's consumer apps. In 2016, CEO Mark Zuckerberg tasked Facebook employees with developing a means to decrypt the network traffic of the video sharing app Snapchat for analytics purposes, citing "how quickly they're growing". A method of intercepting the traffic was developed and proposed by the Onavo team; Facebook internally referred to its analytics scheme as "Project Ghostbusters"—an allusion to Snapchat's logo and the film franchise.

In August 2017, *The Wall Street Journal* reported that since the acquisition of Onavo by Facebook, the company had been using the company's data to monitor Snapchat and other startups that are performing "unusually well". This data influenced Facebook to acquire WhatsApp in 2014, and plan a video chat app to rival Houseparty in 2017.

## Facebook Research

On January 29, 2019, TechCrunch published a report detailing "Project Atlas"—an internal market research program employed by Facebook since 2016. It invited users between the ages of 13 and 35 to install the Facebook Research app—allegedly a rebranded version of Onavo Protect—on their device, to collect data on their app usage, web browsing history, web search history, location history, personal messages, photos, videos, emails, and Amazon order history. Participants received up to $20 per-month to participate in the program, which was promoted to teenagers via targeted advertising on Instagram and Snapchat. Facebook Research is administered by third-party beta testing services, including Applause and BetaBound, and requires users to install a Facebook root certificate on their phone. On iOS, this is prohibited by Apple's Enterprise Developer License Agreement, as the methods used are intended solely for use by a company's employees (for use cases such as internal software specific to their environment, and internal pre-release versions of apps).

### Responses

Facebook initially responded by claiming that Facebook Research did not violate Apple's developer license agreement, and denied that the program was intended to bypass the rules that banned Onavo Protect from the iOS App Store, nor was intended to replace Onavo. Facebook later announced that it would discontinue the Facebook Research program on iOS. Facebook Research remains available for Android devices.

On January 30, 2019, Apple revoked Facebook's Enterprise Developer Program certificates, which caused all of the company's internal iOS apps (including beta versions of its public software, as well as internal apps relating to Facebook's workplace) to become inoperable. Apple's public relations team stated that "Facebook has been using their membership to distribute a data-collecting app to consumers, which is a clear breach of their agreement with Apple", and that the certificates were revoked "to protect our users and their data". Apple reinstated the certificates on January 31.

Of particular concern was that users as young as 13 were allowed to participate in the program. Connecticut Senator Richard Blumenthal criticized Facebook Research, stating "wiretapping teens is not research, and it should never be permissible. This is yet another astonishing example of Facebook’s complete disregard for data privacy and eagerness to engage in anti-competitive behavior." Massachusetts Senator Ed Markey announced that he would introduce a bill to strengthen the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), and said that it "is inherently manipulative to offer teens money in exchange for their personal information when younger users don’t have a clear understanding how much data they're handing over and how sensitive it is." Virginia Senator Mark Warner published an open letter to Mark Zuckerberg, in which he declared that he was "working on legislation to require individualized, informed consent in all instances of behavioral and market research conducted by large platforms on users".

## Facebook Study

After discontinuing Onavo Protect and Facebook Research, Facebook released a market research app named *Facebook Study* (also known as *Study* or *Study from Facebook*) on June 11, 2019. Access to Study is restricted to Facebook users who are at least 18 years old. Addressing concerns with previous incarnations of the research app, Study does not use a VPN or a root certificate to conduct its data collection. Study participants are paid through PayPal.

## Litigation

In 2020, a class-action lawsuit was filed on behalf of Facebook users, alleging that the company "exploited the rich data it deceptively extracted from its users to identify nascent competitors and then 'acquire, copy, or kill' these firms".

## InfoBox

Onavo, Inc.
|
|  |
| Company type | Subsidiary |
| Industry | Software |
| Founded | 2010 |
| Founders | * Guy Rosen * Roi Tiger |
| Defunct | 2019 |
| Headquarters | Israel |
| Products | * Onavo Count * Onavo Extend * Onavo Protect |
| Services | Onavo Insights |
| Parent | Facebook, Inc. |
| Website | onavo.com |


title: Prunus padus

abstract: Prunus padus, known as bird cherry, hackberry, hagberry, or Mayday tree, is a flowering plant in the rose family. It is a species of cherry, a deciduous small tree or large shrub up to 16 metres (52 ft) tall. It is the type species of the subgenus Padus, which have flowers in racemes. It is native to northern Europe and northern and northeast Asia, and is grown as an ornamental in North America.

text:
# Prunus padus

***Prunus padus***, known as **bird cherry**, **hackberry**, **hagberry**, or **Mayday tree**, is a flowering plant in the rose family. It is a species of cherry, a deciduous small tree or large shrub up to 16 metres (52 ft) tall. It is the type species of the subgenus *Padus*, which have flowers in racemes. It is native to northern Europe and northern and northeast Asia, and is grown as an ornamental in North America.

## Distribution

*Prunus padus* is native to Morocco and temperate Eurasia from the British Isles to Japan. Its distribution includes all Western and Central Europe north of the Pyrenees and the Alps and south of the treeline with small pockets also found in Iberia and Northern Italy and even parts of North Africa. It also inhabits all of Eastern Europe north of the Balkan Mountains and the Steppe, as well as in the Caucasus. In Asia it is found throughout the forests of Siberia, Mongolia, the Russian Far East, Korea, Hokkaido, and parts of China with pockets in the Himalayas It is an invasive species in Alaska, prompting efforts at eradication.

## Description

The fruit is astringent due to its tannin content.

There are two varieties:

* **European bird cherry** *Prunus padus* var. *padus*, Europe and western Asia.
* **Asian bird cherry** *Prunus padus* var. *commutata*, eastern Asia.

## Ecology

The flowers are hermaphroditic and pollinated by bees and flies. The fruit is readily eaten by birds, which do not perceive astringency as unpleasant.

In Eurasia, the bird-cherry ermine moth (*Yponomeuta evonymella*) uses bird-cherry as its host plant, and the larvae can eat single trees leafless.

In North America the tree is often attacked by the black knot fungus.

## Poison

The glycosides prulaurasin and amygdalin, which can be poisonous to some mammals, are present in some parts of *P. padus*, including the leaves, stems and fruits.

## Uses

The fruit of this tree is seldom used in western Europe, but, long ago, may possibly have been used as a food far to the east.

In Russia the fruit of the tree is still used for culinary purposes. The dried berries are milled into a flour of variable fineness that forms the principal ingredient of bird-cherry cake. The flour is brown, and so is the cake, even though there is no chocolate in it. Both flour and cake are sold in local stores and bakeries. In a more conventional method of preparation, fresh bird cherries may also be minced and cooked to make jam.

The variety commutata is sold as an ornamental tree in North America under the common name Mayday. It is valued for its hardiness and spring display of fragrant, white flowers. The common name Mayday tree refers to the May Day festival, being unrelated to the distress signal mayday. The name for the tree was in use prior to the adoption of "mayday" (the phonetic equivalent of the French *m'aider* – from *venez m'aider*, "come \[and\] help me") as an international distress signal.

## History

According to Herodotus (writing some 2500 years ago) a strange race called the Argippaeans, all bald from birth, who lived in an area identifiable possibly as the foothills of the Urals, would pick the bean-sized fruits of a tree called "pontic" and squeeze from them a drinkable black juice, making afterwards, from the residue of the pressing, a type of cake. This juice and the "cakes" produced in its manufacture were, according to Herodotus (who derived his account from the reports of Scythian traders), the main sustenance of the "bald people". Furthermore, according to A. D. Godley (translator of an edition of the works of Herodotus published in the early 1920s) it was said that the Cossacks not only made a similar juice from *Prunus padus*, but also called it by a name similar to the one (*aschu*) by which the bald Argippeans called theirs. As might well be expected of so cherry-loving a race, the Argippeans – a just and kindly people – took good care of their trees, protecting them from the harsh winters of their homeland – seemingly by incorporating them (as a central pole symbolising the axis mundi) into the yurt-like felt tents in which they lived:

> They dwell each man under a tree, covering it in winter with a white felt cloth, but using no felt in summer. These people are wronged by no man, for they are said to be sacred; nor have they any weapon of war. These are they who judge in the quarrels between their neighbours; moreover, whatever banished man has taken refuge with them is wronged by none.
> — Herodotus, Ἱστορίαι (*The Histories*) Book IV, Chapter 23

## Culture

In Finland and Sweden, the blooming of bird cherry (Finnish *tuomi*, Swedish *hägg*) signifies the start of the summer for many people. In southern Finland, this normally takes place during the two last weeks of May or very early June.

Ukrainian song *Cheremshyna* refers to a blooming of bird cherry.

A taboo on the use of the wood of the hackberry (or hagberry) was reported by natives of Advie, in northeast Scotland, who believed it to be a "witches tree".

The tree was used medicinally during the Middle Ages, during which period it was also believed that the bark of the tree, placed at the door, would ward off plague.

The Mayday tree is abundant as an introduced species in Anchorage, Alaska, having been planted in great numbers by landscapers and homeowners. It displaces native trees and is harmful to moose and to young salmon.

## InfoBox

| *Prunus padus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Bird cherry flowers | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Rosaceae |
| Genus: | *Prunus* |
| Subgenus: | *Prunus subg. Padus* |
| Species: | ***P. padus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Prunus padus***
L. | |
|
|  | |
| Distribution map | |
| Synonyms | |
| List * + *Cerasus padus* (L.) Delarbre     + *Cerasus racemosa* Gray     + *Druparia padus* (L.) Clairv.     + *Padus avium* Mill.     + *Padus racemosa* C.K.Schneid.     + *Prunus padus* var. *genuina* Asch & Graebn.     + *Prunus padus* ssp. *racemosa* Domin     + *Prunus racemosa* Lam. | |


title: Mohari Kalan

abstract: Mohari Kalan is a village in Gosainganj block of Lucknow district, Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, its population is 1,801, in 350 households. It is the seat of a gram panchayat.

text:
# Mohari Kalan

**Mohari Kalan** is a village in Gosainganj block of Lucknow district, Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, its population is 1,801, in 350 households. It is the seat of a gram panchayat.

## InfoBox

| Mohari Kalan Mohāri Kalān | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Mohari KalanLocation in Uttar Pradesh, IndiaMohari KalanMohari Kalan (India) | |
| Coordinates: 26°43′27″N 81°03′03″E / 26.72404°N 81.05071°E / 26.72404; 81.05071 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| District | Lucknow |
| Area | |
| Total | 3.395 km2 (1.311 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 123 m (404 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 1,801 |
| Density | 530/km2 (1,400/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| Official | Hindi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |


title: R.Pudupalayam

abstract: R.Pudupalayam is a village panchayat near Rasipuram municipal corporation in Namakkal district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Salem, Tamil Nadu. People use the bus to commute for their business to the nearest location for business and personal works. It is famous for handloom cotton sarees and silk sarees manufacturing.

text:
# R.Pudupalayam

**R.Pudupalayam** is a village panchayat near Rasipuram municipal corporation in Namakkal district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.  It is located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Salem, Tamil Nadu. People use the bus to commute for their business to the nearest location for business and personal works. It is famous for handloom cotton sarees and silk sarees manufacturing.

1. Tamil Nadu Government - Namakkal District - Rasipuram Taluk
2. List of Polling Station for Rasipuram Assembly Segment

Kaviyarasan Ramalingam 06:23, 31 May 2011 (UTC)

## InfoBox

| R.Pudupalayam | |
| --- | --- |
| Village Panchayat | |
| Location in Tamil Nadu, IndiaR.Pudupalayam (India) | |
| Coordinates: 11°28′46″N 78°11′39″E / 11.479465°N 78.194295°E / 11.479465; 78.194295 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| District | Namakkal |
| Languages | |
| Official | Tamil |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |


title: Melville, New Zealand

abstract: Melville is a suburb in southern Hamilton in New Zealand. It is named after James Dougal Melville. Many of the streets in Melville are named after war heroes, including Douglas Bader, Bernard Montgomery, Odette Hallowes, David Beatty and William Slim. Melville lends its name to one of Hamilton's top association football teams, Melville United who compete in the Lotto Sport Italia NRFL Premier. It borders the suburbs of Glenview and Fitzroy.

text:
# Melville, New Zealand

**Melville** is a suburb in southern Hamilton in New Zealand. It is named after James Dougal Melville. Many of the streets in Melville are named after war heroes, including Douglas Bader, Bernard Montgomery, Odette Hallowes, David Beatty and William Slim.

Melville lends its name to one of Hamilton's top association football teams, Melville United who compete in the Lotto Sport Italia NRFL Premier.

It borders the suburbs of Glenview and Fitzroy.

## History

Melville was named after the districts pioneer J Melville who lived in 1904 opposite the site of Melville Primary School. The Hospital paved the way for a great deal of development throughout the Melville area. Opened in 1887 the area quickly became known as Hospital Hill although it was not added to the Hamilton Borough until 1936. Hamilton city extended its boundaries to Collins Road, Melville in 1954 and again in 1962 to Houchens Road, Glenview and Dixon Road, Glenview. In 1960 Melville gained Hamiltons 4th suburban post office which was followed in 1964 with the opening of Melville High School. The facilities in Melville reflected the significant growth of Melville / Glenview throughout the 1950s.

Melville was transferred from Waipa County to Hamilton City in 1949.

## Pool

The Gallagher Aquatic Centre is located in Melville.

## Demographics

Melville covers 2.78 km2 (1.07 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 9,010 as of June 2023, with a population density of 3,241 people per km2.

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2006 | 6,546 |  |
| 2013 | 6,798 | +0.54% |
| 2018 | 7,779 | +2.73% |
| Source: | | |

Melville had a population of 7,779 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 981 people (14.4%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 1,233 people (18.8%) since the 2006 census. There were 2,646 households, comprising 3,774 males and 4,008 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.94 males per female, with 1,803 people (23.2%) aged under 15 years, 2,172 (27.9%) aged 15 to 29, 3,168 (40.7%) aged 30 to 64, and 633 (8.1%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 49.8% European/Pākehā, 35.8% Māori, 8.5% Pacific peoples, 22.1% Asian, and 2.6% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 27.3, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 43.2% had no religion, 38.5% were Christian, 2.1% had Māori religious beliefs, 3.4% were Hindu, 1.9% were Muslim, 1.4% were Buddhist and 3.4% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 1,350 (22.6%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 1,077 (18.0%) people had no formal qualifications. 486 people (8.1%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 3,072 (51.4%) people were employed full-time, 762 (12.8%) were part-time, and 402 (6.7%) were unemployed.

Individual statistical areas
| Name | Area
(km2) | Population | Density
(per km2) | Households | Median age | Median
income |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Melville North | 0.69 | 2,772 | 4,017 | 1,029 | 30.1 years | $35,100 |
| Melville South | 0.99 | 2,451 | 2,476 | 828 | 29.8 years | $27,100 |
| Bader | 1.10 | 2,556 | 2,324 | 789 | 27.9 years | $23,300 |
| New Zealand |  |  |  |  | 37.4 years | $31,800 |

## Education

Melville High School is a secondary school serving years 9 to 13 with a roll of  students. It opened in 1964.

Melville Intermediate is a school for years 7 to 8 with a roll of  students. The school is adjacent to Melville High School.

Melville Primary School is a contributing primary school for years 1 to 6 with a roll of 243 students. The school is separated from Melville Intermediate by State Highway 3. It opened in 1924.

St Pius X School is a state-integrated Catholic full primary school for years 1 to 8 with a roll of 230 students. It was founded in 1958.

All these schools are coeducational. Rolls are as of August 2024.

## InfoBox

| Melville | |
| --- | --- |
| Suburb | |
| Melville, Hamilton | |
|  | |
| Coordinates: 37°48′41.57″S 175°16′55.87″E / 37.8115472°S 175.2821861°E / -37.8115472; 175.2821861 | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| City | Hamilton, New Zealand |
| Local authority | Hamilton City Council |
| Electoral ward | West Ward |
| Area | |
| Land | 278 ha (687 acres) |
| Population (June 2023) | |
| Total | 9,010 |


title: Newbury Forest F.C.

abstract: Newbury Forest Football Club is a football club based in England. They are currently members of the Eastern Counties League Division One South and play at Oakside Stadium in Barkingside, where they ground-share with Redbridge.

text:
# Newbury Forest F.C.

**Newbury Forest Football Club** is a football club based in England. They are currently members of the Eastern Counties League Division One South and play at Oakside Stadium in Barkingside, where they ground-share with Redbridge.

## History

The club were founded in 2003 as a Sunday league side. After adding three adult teams and youth teams down to under-10s, the club moved into the English football league system when they joined the Romford and District League in 2008. After winning the senior division in 2010, they progressed to the Essex and Suffolk Border Football League, where they finished third in the Premier Division in 2012. They then moved to the Essex Olympian Football League Division One and were promoted to the Premier Division after finishing third in 2013. The club applied to join the new Division One South of the Eastern Counties League for the 2018–19 season, and their application was successful.

The club entered the FA Vase for the first time in 2015.

## Ground

The club play at Oakside Stadium, groundsharing with Redbridge.

## Honours

* **Essex Saturday Premier Cup**
    + Winners \[2\] 2012, 2014
* **Romford & District League Senior Division**:
    + Winners \[1\] 2009–10

## Records

* **Highest League Position**: 4th in Essex Olympian League Premier Division 2014–15
* **FA Vase best performance**: First round proper 2018–19, 2024–25

51°35′6.979″N 0°5′21.862″E / 51.58527194°N 0.08940611°E / 51.58527194; 0.08940611

## InfoBox

Newbury Forest
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Newbury Forest Football Club |
| Founded | 2003 |
| Ground | Oakside Stadium, Barkingside |
| Capacity | 3,000 |
| Chairman | Ron Dangerfield |
| Manager | Leo Connolly |
| League | Eastern Counties League Division One South |
| 2023–24 | Eastern Counties League Division One South, 14th of 22 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Queensland Post Office Directory

abstract: The Queensland Post Office Directory was a series of publications listing people and businesses in Queensland, Australia.

text:
# Queensland Post Office Directory

The **Queensland Post Office Directory** was a series of publications listing people and businesses in Queensland, Australia.

## History

These publications were produced from 1868 to 1949 on an annual basis to enable people in Queensland to be contacted. They were produced initially by the Queensland Post Office but later they were outsourced to a commercial publisher. They were discontinued because people preferred to use telephone directories once telephones became widely used. Like telephone directories, the Queensland Post Office directories usually had two main sections, listings of names (like the White Pages) and listings of businesses organised by category allowing larger entries for advertising (like the Yellow Pages). Listing in these directories was not free or compulsory, but the benefits of being able to be contacted meant most businesses and most heads of households (except the poorest) are listed.


title: Oliva ozodona

abstract:
Oliva ozodona is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Olividae, the olives.
  - Subspecies
  -
  - Oliva ozodona nellyae T. Cossignani, 2017
  - Oliva ozodona nitidula Duclos, 1835
  - Oliva ozodona ozodona Duclos, 1835
  - Oliva ozodona sandwicensis Pease, 1860

text:
# Oliva ozodona

***Oliva ozodona*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Olividae, the olives.

Subspecies * *Oliva ozodona nellyae* T. Cossignani, 2017
* *Oliva ozodona nitidula* Duclos, 1835
* *Oliva ozodona ozodona* Duclos, 1835
* *Oliva ozodona sandwicensis* Pease, 1860

## Description

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off French Guiana and in Melanesia to the Philippines

* Petuch E.J. & Sargent D.M. (1986). Atlas of the living olive shells of the world. xv + 253 pp., 39 pls
* Paulmier G. , 2014. La famille des Olividae Latreille, 1825 (Neogastropoda). Le genre Oliva Bruguière, 1789, aux Antilles et en Guyane françaises. Description de Oliva lilacea nov. sp. Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux 41(4) "2013": 437-454, sér. 148, nouvelle série
* Vervaet F.L.J. (2018). The living Olividae species as described by Pierre-Louis Duclos. Vita Malacologica. 17: 1-111

## InfoBox

| *Oliva ozodona* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shell of *Oliva ozodona* (specimen at MNHN, Paris) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Olividae |
| Genus: | *Oliva* |
| Species: | ***O. ozodona*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oliva ozodona***<br>Duclos, 1835 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Oliva (Acutoliva) nitidula* Duclos, 1835 * *Oliva paxillus* Reeve, 1850 * *Olivella paxillus* Reeve, 1850 * *Omogymna nitidula* (Duclos, 1835) | |


title: Peter Daane

abstract: Peter Daane was a Dutch American immigrant, businessman, and Wisconsin pioneer. He was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing southern Sheboygan County during the 1873 session.

text:
# Peter Daane

**Peter Daane** (March 26, 1835  January 7, 1914) was a Dutch American immigrant, businessman, and Wisconsin pioneer. He was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing southern Sheboygan County during the 1873 session.

## Biography

Peter Daane was born in Westkapelle, Zeeland, in the Netherlands. As a child in 1842, he emigrated with his family to the United States and settled at Pultneyville, New York. In 1847, they moved west to Milwaukee, Wisconsin Territory, then north to Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, where they settled on a farm in the town of Holland. Daane was educated in the public schools of New York and Wisconsin and went to work as a merchant.

In the second year of the American Civil War, Daane volunteered for service in the Union Army and was enrolled as a sergeant in Company F in the 27th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment. He was later promoted to first sergeant, and was commissioned first lieutenant in July 1864. Daane served with the regiment in the western theater of the war, participating in the Vicksburg campaign and campaigns in Alabama and Arkansas.

After the war, Daane served as assessor of the town of Holland and chairman of the Holland Town Board. In 1873, Daane served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Republican. In 1879, Daane bought a mill, elevator, and lumberyard in Oostburg, Wisconsin. He also served as postmaster of Oostburg, Wisconsin. Daane died in Oostburg, Wisconsin of a heart ailment.

## Electoral history

### Wisconsin Assembly (1872)

Wisconsin Assembly, Sheboygan 3rd District Election, 1872
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **General Election, November 4, 1872** | | | | | |
|  | **Republican** | **Peter Daane** | **1,140** | **60.74%** | **+10.45%** |
|  | Democratic | Josiah Platt | 737 | 39.26% |  |
| **Plurality** | | | 403 | 21.47% | +20.90% |
| Total votes | | | **1,877** | **100.0%** | +51.98% |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Peter Daane | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Wisconsin State Assembly
from the Sheboygan 3rd district | |
| **In office**
January 6, 1873  January 5, 1874 | |
| Preceded by | Major Shaw |
| Succeeded by | Louis Wolf |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1835-03-26)March 26, 1835
Westkapelle, Zeeland, Netherlands |
| Died | January 7, 1914(1914-01-07) (aged 78)
Oostburg, Wisconsin, U.S. |
| Resting place | Oostburg Cemetery, Cedar Grove, Wisconsin |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouses | * Susanna Eernisse  (m. 1854; died 1896) * Anna Pieternella Back (*née* Faas)  (m. 18971914) |
| Children | * Suzanna (DeMunck) * (b. 1855; died 1927) * Nellie (Hundling) * (b. 1858; died 1943) * Peter J. Daane * (b. 1860; died 1941) * Aplonia (Zuurmond) * (b. 1862; died 1946) * Jacob Peter Daane * (b. 1864; died 1937) * Elizabeth (Theune) * (b. 1869; died 1935) * Matthew Daane * (b. 1871; died 1958) * Harry A. Daane * (b. 1877; died 1936) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Branch/service | United States Volunteers
Union Army |
| Years of service | 18621865 |
| Rank | 1st Lieutenant, USV |
| Unit | 27th Reg. Wis. Vol. Infantry |
| Battles/wars | American Civil War |
|  | |


title: Molecular Autism

abstract: Molecular Autism is a peer-reviewed open-access medical journal covering research on the cause, biology, and treatment of autism and related neurodevelopmental disorders. The journal was established in 2010 and is published by BioMed Central. The editors-in-chief are Simon Baron-Cohen and Joseph Buxbaum.

text:
# Molecular Autism

***Molecular Autism*** is a peer-reviewed open-access medical journal covering research on the cause, biology, and treatment of autism and related neurodevelopmental disorders.

The journal was established in 2010 and is published by BioMed Central. The editors-in-chief are Simon Baron-Cohen (University of Cambridge) and Joseph Buxbaum (Mount Sinai School of Medicine).

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:

1. "About". *Molecular Autism*. BioMed Central. Retrieved 2023-06-02.

## InfoBox

*Molecular Autism*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Simon Baron-Cohen, Joseph Buxbaum |
| Publication details | |
| History | 2010–present |
| Publisher | BioMed Central |
| Frequency | Upon acceptance |
| Open access | Yes |
| License | Creative Commons Attribution |
| Impact factor | 6.5 (2022) |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Mol. Autism* |
| Indexing
 | |
| CODEN | MAOUBR |
| ISSN | 2040-2392
 |
| OCLC no. | 526673687 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: RB 23

abstract:
RB 23 is the designation of several regional rail services in Germany:
  - RB 23, operated by DB Regio Mitte between Mayen Ost and Limburg (Lahn)
  - RB 23, operated by DB Regio Nordost between BER Airport – Terminal 1-2 and Golm
  - RB 23, operated by DB Regio Nordost between Züssow and Świnoujście Centrum
  - RB 23, operated by DB Regio NRW between Bad Münstereifel and Euskirchen
  - RB 23, operated by Oberpfalzbahn between Regensburg and Marktredwitz or Neustadt (Waldnaab)

text:
# RB 23

**RB 23** is the designation of several regional rail services in Germany:

* RB 23, operated by DB Regio Mitte between Mayen Ost and Limburg (Lahn)
* RB 23, operated by DB Regio Nordost between BER Airport – Terminal 1-2 and Golm
* RB 23, operated by DB Regio Nordost between Züssow and Świnoujście Centrum
* RB 23, operated by DB Regio NRW between Bad Münstereifel and Euskirchen
* RB 23, operated by Oberpfalzbahn between Regensburg and Marktredwitz or Neustadt (Waldnaab)


title: Radar detector detector

abstract: A radar detector detector (RDD) is a device used by police or law enforcement in areas where radar detectors are declared illegal. Radar detectors are built around a superheterodyne receiver, which has a local oscillator that radiates slightly. It is therefore possible to build a radar-detector detector, which detects such emissions. Some radar guns are equipped with such a device. However, like any device that detects stray emissions from electronic equipment, it is easily defeated by using adequate shielding.

text:
# Radar detector detector

A **radar detector detector** (**RDD**) is a device used by police or law enforcement in areas where radar detectors are declared illegal.

Radar detectors are built around a superheterodyne receiver, which has a local oscillator that radiates slightly. It is therefore possible to build a radar-detector detector, which detects such emissions (usually the frequency of the radar type being detected, plus about 10 MHz for the intermediate frequency). Some radar guns are equipped with such a device.

However, like any device that detects stray emissions from electronic equipment, it is easily defeated by using adequate shielding.

## History

The VG-2 Interceptor was the first device developed for this purpose, although more current technology such as the Spectre III (Stalcar in Australia) is now available. This form of "electronic warfare" cuts both ways and since detector-detectors use a similar superheterodyne receiver, many early "stealth" radar detectors were equipped with a radar-detector-detector-detector circuit, which shuts down the main radar receiver when the detector-detector's signal is detected, thus preventing detection by such equipment. In the early 1990s, BEL-Tronics, Inc. of Ontario, Canada (where radar detector use is prohibited) found that the local oscillator frequency of the detector could be altered to be out of the range of the VG-2 Interceptor. This resulted in a wave of detector manufacturers changing their local-oscillator frequency. The VG-2 is no longer in production.

The Spectre III detected almost every radar detector certified for operation in the United States by the Federal Communications Commission as of December 2004. However counter technology has evolved rapidly, so that by July 2008, even budget radar detectors were able to avoid detection by the device. Then, in late 2008, the Spectre IV (Elite) was released, citing improved range and reliability over the Spectre III. Radar detector manufacturers produce some models undetectable by the Spectre Elite beyond a distance of a few inches, making them immune in real-world situations.


title: Melville, Louisiana

abstract: Melville is a town in St. Landry Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 1,041 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Opelousas−Eunice Micropolitan Statistical Area. It was founded in 1889 and is known as the Atchafalaya River Catfish Capital of Louisiana. It is directly across the river from the ghost town Red Cross, Louisiana.

text:
# Melville, Louisiana

**Melville** is a town in St. Landry Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 1,041 at the 2010 census. It is part of the OpelousasEunice Micropolitan Statistical Area. It was founded in 1889 and is known as the Atchafalaya River Catfish Capital of Louisiana. It is directly across the river from the ghost town Red Cross, Louisiana.

## Geography

Melville is located at 30°41′36″N 91°44′44″W / 30.69333°N 91.74556°W / 30.69333; -91.74556 (30.693351, 91.745506).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.3 sq mi (3.3 km2), all but 0.039 sq mi (0.1 km2) (2.34%) of which is land.

It is mostly flat land surrounded by a ring levee to protect it from flooding from the Atchafalaya River and the West Atchafalaya Floodway.

### Climate

| Climate data for Melville, Louisiana | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 17
(63) | 18
(65) | 22
(72) | 26
(79) | 29
(85) | 33
(91) | 33
(92) | 33
(92) | 31
(88) | 27
(81) | 22
(72) | 18
(64) | 26
(79) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 4
(40) | 6
(43) | 10
(50) | 13
(56) | 17
(63) | 21
(69) | 22
(72) | 22
(71) | 19
(66) | 13
(55) | 8
(46) | 5
(41) | 13
(56) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 140
(5.4) | 120
(4.9) | 130
(5.0) | 130
(5.3) | 130
(5.2) | 100
(4.1) | 130
(5.1) | 110
(4.5) | 99
(3.9) | 74
(2.9) | 110
(4.2) | 150
(5.9) | 1,430
(56.4) |
| Source: Weatherbase | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1890 | 361 |  |  |
| 1900 | 517 |  | 43.2% |
| 1910 | 1,093 |  | 111.4% |
| 1920 | 958 |  | −12.4% |
| 1930 | 1,541 |  | 60.9% |
| 1940 | 1,828 |  | 18.6% |
| 1950 | 1,901 |  | 4.0% |
| 1960 | 1,939 |  | 2.0% |
| 1970 | 1,987 |  | 2.5% |
| 1980 | 1,764 |  | −11.2% |
| 1990 | 1,562 |  | −11.5% |
| 2000 | 1,376 |  | −11.9% |
| 2010 | 1,041 |  | −24.3% |
| 2020 | 759 |  | −27.1% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 1,041 people living in the town. The racial makeup of the town was 51.9% Black, 45.0% White, 0.2% Native American, 0.2% Asian and 1.0% from two or more races. 1.8% were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,376 people, 542 households, and 363 families living in the town. The population density was 1,098 inhabitants per square mile (424/km2). There were 648 housing units at an average density of 517 per square mile (200/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 52.47% White, 45.78% African American, 0.87% Asian, and 0.87% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.74% of the population.

There were 542 households, out of which 32.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.6% were married couples living together, 20.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.0% were non-families. 31.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.17.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.9% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $18,487, and the median income for a family was $20,625. Males had a median income of $22,083 versus $15,833 for females. The per capita income for the town was $8,881. About 35.6% of families and 40.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 47.2% of those under age 18 and 37.7% of those age 65 or over.

In 2010, Melville had the 12th-lowest median household income of all places in the United States with a population over 1,000.

## Notable people

1. "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
2. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
3. "Weatherbase.com". Weatherbase. 2013. Retrieved on May 10, 2013.
4. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
5. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
6. "US Census". Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
7. Gagliano, Katie (November 8, 2022). "Melville mayor, up for reelection, killed in Election Day crash". The Acadiana Advocate. Retrieved November 18, 2022.

## InfoBox

| Melville, Louisiana | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Town of Melville | |
| Location of Melville in St. Landry Parish, Louisiana. | |
| Location of Louisiana in the United States | |
| Coordinates: 30°41′36″N 91°44′44″W / 30.69333°N 91.74556°W / 30.69333; -91.74556 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Louisiana |
| Parish | St. Landry |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Vacant |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.29 sq mi (3.33 km2) |
| Land | 1.26 sq mi (3.25 km2) |
| Water | 0.03 sq mi (0.08 km2) |
| Elevation | 36 ft (11 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 759 |
| Density | 604.30/sq mi (233.40/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area code | 337 |
| FIPS code | 22-49730 |
| Website | www.melvillela.com |


title: Newbury College (England)

abstract: Newbury College is a college of further education in the southern outskirts of Newbury, Berkshire, England, for anyone aged 16 or over.

text:
# Newbury College (England)

**Newbury College** is a college of further education in the southern outskirts of Newbury, Berkshire, England, for anyone aged 16 or over.

## Courses

The College offers a wide range of academic and vocational full and part-time courses to school leavers and adult learners. Part-time courses are delivered at venues across West Berkshire. Courses include GCSEs, NVQs, BTECs and apprenticeships. The College also offers a provision for higher education courses, including courses linked with Reading University and Buckinghamshire New University.

## Monks Lane campus

The campus at Monks Lane offers fully equipped rooms for meetings and conferences. The classrooms also offer space for meetings. A regular shuttle bus service operates between the College and Thatcham via Newbury railway station and Newbury high street during term time.

### The Forum

A centre for dance, drama and events, its performance hall can seat up to 120. It opens out to a courtyard and terraced seating area, enabling performances to take place to an outside audience in good weather.

### Horticultural garden

Officially opened by Lady Carnarvon in 2006, the garden, used for learning about planting, growing and cultivating flowers and vegetables, has a greenhouse, polytunnels and fully accessible raised flowerbeds.

### Intuition Salons

Hair and Beauty salons provide a commercial environment for students to learn and are open to members of the public for treatments. In the hair salon, students learn how to wash hair, and do hair highlights, braid hair, a ponytail and a Brazilian blowdry. In the nail salon students learn how to do manicures and pedicures, how to do massages and how to wax the body, do eyelash tints, eyebrow tints, facials and apply make-up.

### The Restaurant

The College has a purpose-built, air conditioned training kitchen for students studying catering and hospitality. Alongside the training kitchen is a fully functioning restaurant that is open to members of the public.

### Sports hall

The sports hall is used by the students for a variety of sporting activities. It is used by members of the public outside of College hours for club-based activities.

## InfoBox

| Newbury College | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| Monks Lane
Newbury, Berkshire, RG14 7TD
England | |
| Coordinates | 51°22′57″N 1°19′22″W / 51.3825°N 1.3229°W / 51.3825; -1.3229 |
| Information | |
| Type | Further Education college |
| Established | 2002 |
| Department for Education URN | 130602 Tables |
| Ofsted | Reports |
| Principal | Iain Wolloff |
| Gender | Mixed |
| Age | 16 to 99 |
| Website | newbury-college.ac.uk |


title: Gmina Lipinki

abstract: Gmina Lipinki is a rural gmina in Gorlice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Lipinki, which lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) east of Gorlice and 107 km (66 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kraków. The gmina covers an area of 66.16 square kilometres (25.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,807.

text:
# Gmina Lipinki

**Gmina Lipinki** is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Gorlice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Lipinki, which lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) east of Gorlice and 107 km (66 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kraków.

The gmina covers an area of 66.16 square kilometres (25.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,807.

## Villages

Gmina Lipinki contains the villages and settlements of Bednarka, Bednarskie, Kryg, Lipinki, Pogorzyna, Rozdziele and Wójtowa.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Lipinki is bordered by the gminas of Biecz, Dębowiec, Gorlice, Jasło, Sękowa and Skołyszyn.

## InfoBox

| Gmina Lipinki Lipinki Commune | |
| --- | --- |
| Gmina | |
|  | |
| Coordinates (Lipinki): 49°40′45″N 21°18′0″E / 49.67917°N 21.30000°E / 49.67917; 21.30000 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lesser Poland |
| County | Gorlice |
| Seat | Lipinki |
| Area | |
| Total | 66.16 km2 (25.54 sq mi) |
| Population (2006) | |
| Total | 6,807 |
| Density | 100/km2 (270/sq mi) |
| Website | http://www.lipinki.powiat.gorlice.pl |


title: Oliva panniculata

abstract: Oliva panniculata, common name the silk-clad olive, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Olividae, the olives.

text:
# Oliva panniculata

***Oliva panniculata***, common name the **silk-clad olive**, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Olividae, the olives.

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 13.1 mm and 25 mm.

## Distribution

Tjhis marine species occurs off East Africa and in the West Pacific

* Steyn, D.G & Lussi, M. (2005). Offshore Shells of Southern Africa: A pictorial guide to more than 750 Gastropods. Published by the authors. Pp. i–vi, 1–289
* Kilburn, R.N. (1980). The genus Oliva (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Olividae) in southern Africa and Mozambique. Annals of the Natal Museum. 24(1): 221–231
* Vervaet F.L.J. (2018). The living Olividae species as described by Pierre-Louis Duclos. Vita Malacologica. 17: 1-111

## InfoBox

| *Oliva panniculata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shell of *Oliva panniculata* (syntype at MNHN, Paris) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Olividae |
| Genus: | *Oliva* |
| Species: | ***O. panniculata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oliva panniculata***<br>Duclos, 1835 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Oliva (Acutoliva) panniculata* Duclos, 1835· accepted, alternate representation * *Oliva (Acutoliva) williamsi* Melvill & Standen, 1897 * *Oliva panniculata panniculata* Duclos, 1835· accepted, alternate representation * *Olivella williamsi* Melvill & Standen, 1897 | |


title: Gine Mazi Mou Paidi

abstract: "Gine Mazi Mou Paidi" is a song written by Thanos Papanikolaou in 2006 specifically to raise money for a fundraiser οrganized by ANT1 TV. Many popular presenters, actors, singers and others from the radio station "Rythmos 94.9" participated to the fundraiser to help raise money for the poor and disabled children all over the Greece.

text:
# Gine Mazi Mou Paidi

**"Gine Mazi Mou Paidi**" is a song written by Thanos Papanikolaou in 2006 specifically to raise money for a fundraiser οrganized by ANT1 TV. Many popular presenters, actors, singers and others from the radio station "Rythmos 94.9" participated to the fundraiser to help raise money for the poor and disabled children all over the Greece.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Gine Mazi Mou Paidi" | Thanos Papanikolaou | Thanos Papanikolaou | 3:32 |
| 2. | "Gine Mazi Mou Paidi" | Thanos Papanikolaou | Thanos Papanikolaou | 3:43 |

## Participants

### First Song

* Kalomira
* Kostas Karafotis
* Giorgos Lianos
* Maro Lytra
* Mary Akrivopoulou
* Grigoris Valtinos
* Markella Giannatou
* Kostas Kolkas
* Renia Louizidou
* Evdokia Roumelioti
* Haris Romas
* Niki Kartsona
* Eleonora Meleti
* Makis Pounentis

### Second Song

* Children's Choir of Spiros Lamprou

## InfoBox

| "Gine Mazi Mou Paidi" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Various | |
| Released | February 2006 |
| Recorded | January 2006 |
| Length | 3:32 |
| Label | Heaven Music |
| Songwriter(s) | Thanos Papanikolaou |
| Producer(s) | Thanos Papanikolaou |


title: It's Academic (New Zealand game show)

abstract: It's Academic was a general knowledge quiz show for high school students in New Zealand, broadcast by TVNZ from 1981 until 1988. It's Academic was hosted by Lockwood Smith and, later, John Hayden. The show was produced by Kevan Moore & Associates, an independent production house led by producer/director and ex-TV2 programming chief Kevan Moore, with Patrick Macaskill as adjudicator. School teams of three pupils competed for digital watches, handheld calculators and sets of the Encyclopædia Britannica for their school. The quiz followed the format of its long-running American counterpart. The theme tune, 'Piano Parchment', was written as library music in 1968 by Johnny Pearson and was well known in New Zealand living rooms about the same time as the theme for BBC drama series All Creatures Great and Small.

text:
# It's Academic (New Zealand game show)

***It's Academic*** was a general knowledge quiz show for high school students in New Zealand, broadcast by TVNZ from 1981 until 1988. *It's Academic* was hosted by Lockwood Smith (who later became a member of the New Zealand Parliament, eventually serving as its speaker) and, later, John Hayden. The show was produced by Kevan Moore & Associates, an independent production house led by producer/director and ex-TV2 programming chief Kevan Moore, with Patrick Macaskill as adjudicator.

School teams of three pupils competed for digital watches, handheld calculators and sets of the *Encyclopædia Britannica* for their school. The quiz followed the format of its long-running American counterpart. The theme tune, 'Piano Parchment', was written as library music in 1968 by Johnny Pearson and was well known in New Zealand living rooms about the same time as the theme for BBC drama series *All Creatures Great and Small*.

## List of winning schools

1. *it's Academic* page on NZ On Screen website, viewed 2013-07-26
2. Kevan Moore page on NZ On Screen website, viewed 2013-07-26
3. Johnny Pearson obituary in *The Independent*, viewed 2013-07-26
4. Whatever happened to... on New Zealand Herald website, viewed 2013-07-26


title: Peter Hare (cricketer)

abstract: Peter Macduff Christian Hare was an English first-class cricketer and educator. Hare was born at Wokingham in March 1920. He was educated at Canford School, before going up to Worcester College, Oxford. He played minor counties cricket for Dorset in 1939, with Hare trialling for Oxford University in 1940, however both his studies and cricket were interrupted by the Second World War. He served in the war and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Artillery in May 1941. Following the war, he continued his studies at Oxford and made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Oxford University against Leicestershire at Oxford in 1947. Batting once in the match, he was dismissed for 39 runs in the Oxford first innings by Jack Walsh. After graduating from Oxford, Hare became a schoolmaster at Rugby School for thirty years, before finishing his teaching career at Hanford School. He died at the Westminster Memorial Hospital at Shaftesbury in June 2001.

text:
# Peter Hare (cricketer)

**Peter Macduff Christian Hare** (12 March 1920 – 14 June 2001) was an English first-class cricketer and educator.

Hare was born at Wokingham in March 1920. He was educated at Canford School, before going up to Worcester College, Oxford. He played minor counties cricket for Dorset in 1939, with Hare trialling for Oxford University in 1940, however both his studies and cricket were interrupted by the Second World War. He served in the war and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Artillery in May 1941. Following the war, he continued his studies at Oxford and made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Oxford University against Leicestershire at Oxford in 1947. Batting once in the match, he was dismissed for 39 runs in the Oxford first innings by Jack Walsh.

After graduating from Oxford, Hare became a schoolmaster at Rugby School for thirty years, before finishing his teaching career at Hanford School. He died at the Westminster Memorial Hospital at Shaftesbury in June 2001.

## InfoBox

Peter Hare
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Peter Macduff Christian Hare |
| Born | 12 March 1920
Wokingham, Berkshire, England |
| Died | 14 June 2001(2001-06-14) (aged 81)
Shaftesbury, Dorset, England |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Role | Wicket-keeper |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1939 | Dorset |
| 1947 | Oxford University |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class  Matches 1  Runs scored 39  Batting average 39.00  100s/50s –/–  Top score 39  Catches/stumpings 2/– | |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 5 May 2020 | |


title: Monardia multiarticulata

abstract: Monardia multiarticulata is a species of wood midges in the family Cecidomyiidae. It is known from North America and was described by American entomologist Ephraim Porter Felt in 1914.

text:
# Monardia multiarticulata

***Monardia multiarticulata*** is a species of wood midges in the family Cecidomyiidae. It is known from North America and was described by American entomologist Ephraim Porter Felt in 1914.

## InfoBox

| *Monardia multiarticulata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Cecidomyiidae |
| Subfamily: | Micromyinae |
| Tribe: | Micromyini |
| Genus: | *Monardia* |
| Species: | ***M. multiarticulata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Monardia multiarticulata***<br>Felt, 1914 | |
|


title: RASSF2

abstract: Ras association domain-containing protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RASSF2 gene. This gene encodes a protein that contains a Ras association domain. Similar to its cattle and sheep counterparts, this gene is located near the prion gene. Two alternatively spliced transcripts encoding the same isoform have been reported.

text:
# RASSF2

**Ras association domain-containing protein 2** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *RASSF2* gene.

This gene encodes a protein that contains a Ras association domain. Similar to its cattle and sheep counterparts, this gene is located near the prion gene. Two alternatively spliced transcripts encoding the same isoform have been reported.

## Interactions

RASSF2 has been shown to interact with KRAS.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| RASSF2 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | RASSF2, CENP-34, RASFADIN, Ras association domain family member 2 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 609492; MGI: 2442060; HomoloGene: 22840; GeneCards: RASSF2; OMA:RASSF2 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_014737
NM\_170774
NM\_170773   NM\_175445
NM\_001362866   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_055552
NP\_739580   NP\_780654
NP\_001349795   Location (UCSC) Chr 20: 4.78 – 4.82 Mb Chr 2: 131.83 – 131.87 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: RBY Mk 1

abstract: The RBY Mk 1 is a light armoured reconnaissance vehicle that was produced by the RAMTA Division of Israel Aircraft Industries. RBY is an anglicized acronym for "Rechev Ben-Yaacov". "Rechev" is Hebrew for "vehicle" and "Ben-Yaacov" is the last name of the creator of the vehicle, Yitzchak Ben-Yaacov (1919-2011). In Israel, the vehicle is known as the "Rabi", a pronunciation of the acronym. It was replaced in Israeli service by the RAMTA RAM 2000 family of vehicles, though it continues to be used and upgraded by foreign users. The RBY Mk 1 is no longer marketed to new customers. It was known to be sold at $60,000.

text:
# RBY Mk 1

The **RBY Mk 1** is a light armoured reconnaissance vehicle that was produced by the RAMTA Division of Israel Aircraft Industries. RBY is an anglicized acronym for "Rechev Ben-Yaacov". "Rechev" is Hebrew for "vehicle" and "Ben-Yaacov" is the last name of the creator of the vehicle, Yitzchak Ben-Yaacov (1919-2011).

In Israel, the vehicle is known as the "Rabi", a pronunciation of the acronym. It was replaced in Israeli service by the RAMTA RAM 2000 family of vehicles, though it continues to be used and upgraded by foreign users.

The RBY Mk 1 is no longer marketed to new customers. It was known to be sold at $60,000.

## History

RAMTA created the RBY MK 1 in order to get them sold to countries that wanted to get vehicles that are on a tight budget from the 1970s. By 1979, RAMTA has switched production from the RBY MK 1 to the RAM vehicles.

## Design

The RBY Mk 1 with a variety of potential applications in mind, including reconnaissance, commando operations, internal security, and long range patrols.

Considerable design effort was put into making the vehicle mine resistant - the wheels and axles were placed as far forward and backward as possible to maximize the distance of any detonation away from the crew and passengers, the bumpers were made of fiberglass so they would disintegrate in an explosion and minimize hazardous debris, the thickest armour was incorporated into the floor, and the floor and hull were shaped to channel explosions away from the vehicle. Other than modified Guatemalan versions, the RBY Mk 1 had no doors (crew entered through the open-topped passenger compartment) to ensure that the hull had no weak points.

The weight of the vehicle was kept light enough to make it transportable by heavy lift helicopters, such as the Sikorsky CH-53 Sea Stallion.

While the RBY Mk 1 featured no integral armament, provisions were made for up to five machine guns by placing pintle mounts at various points around the vehicle.

Passenger seating was provided with two back-to-back rows of three outward-facing seats. This allowed the passengers to maintain a full 360 degree field of view and operate any mounted machine guns.

### Guatemalan upgrades

In the mid-to-late 1990s, the Guatemalan Army began testing an upgraded and modified RBY MK 1. The new RBY MK 1 featured a new, more powerful diesel engine, a kevlar roof for what had been the open cargo/passenger box, and access doors on either side of the vehicle for the now-enclosed rear compartment. The roof incorporated a ring mount for a machine gun.

## Variants

### Recoilless rifle version

A modified version of the RBY Mk 1 was produced which featured a 106mm recoilless rifle, 16 rounds of ammunition and crew positions in place of the normal passenger seating.

### Anti-tank version

RBY Mk 1 with TOW missile launcher and two 7.62mm machine guns.

### Anti-aircraft version

Armed with dual 20mm light anti-aircraft guns and 360 rounds of ammo.

### APC version

Vehicle with three 7.62mm machine guns on turrets.

### Mortar version

Vehicle with compartment for a mortar.

### RAM MK3

## Operators

### Current

### Former

"Combat Reconnaissance/Patrol Vehicle" with rear engine:

Others:

## Bibliography

* Kassis, Samer (2003). *30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon*. Beirut: Elite Group. ISBN 9953-0-0705-5.
* Sex, Zachary; Abi-Chahine, Bassel (2021). *Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond*. Modern Conflicts Profile Guide. Vol. II. AK Interactive. EAN 8435568306073.

## InfoBox

| RBY MK 1 | |
| --- | --- |
| RBY MK I at the Yad la-Shiryon Museum, Israel. | |
| Type | Reconnaissance vehicle |
| Place of origin | Israel |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1975-present |
| Used by | See Operators |
| Wars | Guatemalan Civil War
FMLN-Honduran skirmish
South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000) |
| Production history | |
| Designer | IAI RAMTA |
| Designed | 1975 |
| Produced | 1975 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 3600 kg |
| Length | 5.023 m (16.48 ft) |
| Width | 2.030 m (6.66 ft) |
| Height | 1.660 m (5.45 ft) |
| Crew | 2 (+6 passengers) |
| --- | |
| Armour | 8 mm (0.31 in) steel (hull sides)
10 mm (0.39 in) steel (floor) |
| Main
armament | Up to 5 machine guns
(pintle mounts) |
| Engine | * Chrysler 225-2 6-cylinder petrol * 6.8 litre V-8 diesel (Guatemalan RBY Mk 1 only) * Deutz BT6L 912S inline-V6 diesel engine (Honduran local upgrade)
120 hp or 145 hp depending on variant |
| Power/weight | Depends on Variant |
| Maximum speed | 100 km/h (62 mph) |


title: WCRU

abstract: WCRU is an AM radio station licensed to Dallas, North Carolina and serving the Charlotte metropolitan area. The station broadcasts a Christian talk and teaching radio format and is owned by the Truth Broadcasting Corporation. WCRU carries a mix of national and local pastors. National hosts include Charles Stanley, John MacArthur, Chuck Swindoll and Adrian Rogers. By day, WCRU is powered at 10,000 watts. But at night, to protect other stations on 960 AM, WCRU greatly reduces power to 500 watts. A directional antenna is used at all times. The radio studios and transmitter are on Robinson-Clemmer Road in Dallas. Programming is also heard on two FM translator stations: W253CV 98.5 in Davidson, North Carolina, and W289BO 105.7 in Pineville, North Carolina.

text:
# WCRU

**WCRU** (960 kHz) is an AM radio station licensed to Dallas, North Carolina and serving the Charlotte metropolitan area. The station broadcasts a Christian talk and teaching radio format and is owned by the Truth Broadcasting Corporation. WCRU carries a mix of national and local pastors. National hosts include Charles Stanley, John MacArthur, Chuck Swindoll and Adrian Rogers.

By day, WCRU is powered at 10,000 watts. But at night, to protect other stations on 960 AM, WCRU greatly reduces power to 500 watts. A directional antenna is used at all times. The radio studios and transmitter are on Robinson-Clemmer Road in Dallas. Programming is also heard on two FM translator stations: **W253CV** 98.5 in Davidson, North Carolina, and **W289BO** 105.7 in Pineville, North Carolina.

## History

### Early years

On January 1, 1963, the station first signed on with the call sign WAAK. The original city of license was Concord with 1,000 watts daytime and nighttime.

Fred Whitley, owner of WGTL in neighboring Kannapolis had applied for this frequency as a daytime-only station in Dallas in order to keep new competition out of his market. He won the construction permit for the station in Dallas, took the call letters WAAK off the top of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) call sign list, refurbished WGTL's studio, buying the audio board from WSJS-TV, and put the old WGTL console in Dallas.

### Top 40 Era

William E. Rumple was the Chief Engineer of the station for the entire time that Fred Whitley owned it. Whitley ran the station on a break-even basis for about 25 years. In the mid-1980s he sold it to the Marlow Brothers from New Jersey.

The new ownership made sweeping changes to the station, switching it from Easy Listening and Middle of the Road music, which aired during the Whitley years, to an Adult Top 40 sound. Another tower was added to allow the station to broadcast at night.

The establishment of several Top 40 stations in the Charlotte market eroded the listenership of WAAK. By 1990, the station was sold again and moved to a Christian radio format. Several ownership changes took place over the next decade.

### Zybek Media and WZRH

In December 2002, WAAK was sold to The Zybek Media Group. Zybek flipped it to a talk radio format. The call letters were changed to WZRH with the moniker "The Z-Monster". The new owners immediately filed for a power increase in an attempt to place a stronger signal over the city of Charlotte. The initials ZRH of WZRH stood for Zachary Richard Howerton, son of owners Rick and Beth Howerton.

As Rick's on-going health problems continued to worsen, broadcast duties were given to Brian O'Brian, until the station was sold. Because of the increase in power, there was a great deal interest in the purchase of the station. The station was sold in mid-2004. Jim Huggins assumed general manager duties and hosted the morning drive time show for approximately a year until the format was changed from talk to Christian radio by Truth Broadcasting.

### Truth Broadcasting and WCRU

Two years later, the station was sold yet again to Truth Broadcasting of Winston-Salem. On May 21, 2007, the station began airing Christian talk and teaching programs 24/7. In early 2008, the station's call letters were changed to WCRU to match the call letters and programming format of Truth Broadcasting's other AM stations, WTRU in the Piedmont Triad and WDRU in the Research Triangle.

Truth Broadcasting added two FM translators in Davidson and Pineville. These not only provide an option for listeners who prefer FM radio, but fills in the gaps when the main signal must reduce power at sunset; WCRU's nighttime signal is effectively limited to Gaston County.

## Translators

| Call sign | Frequency | City of license | FID | ERP () | HAAT | Class | FCC info |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| W253CV | 98.5 MHz FM | Davidson, North Carolina | 202844 | 100 watts | 50.3  (165 ft) | D | LMS |
| W289BO | 105.7 MHz FM | Pineville, North Carolina | 147999 | 250 watts | 129.6 m (425 ft) | D | LMS |

## InfoBox

WCRU
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Charlotte metropolitan area |
| Frequency | 960 kHz |
| Branding | "The Truth" |
| Programming | |
| Format | Christian talk and teaching |
| Affiliations | Salem Radio Network |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Truth Broadcasting Corporation |
| Sister stations | WTRU, WDRU, WLES, KUTR |
| History | |
| First air date | January 1, 1963 |
| Former call signs | WAAK (1963–2002)
WZRH (2002–2008) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 8503 |
| Class | B |
| Power | 10,000 watts days
500 watts nights |
| Transmitter coordinates | 35°18′3.00″N 81°10′13.00″W / 35.3008333°N 81.1702778°W / 35.3008333; -81.1702778 |
| Translator(s) | 98.5 W253CV (Davidson, North Carolina)
105.7 W289BO (Pineville, North Carolina) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | TruthNetwork.com/station/WCRU |


title: Newcastle Motordrome

abstract: Newcastle Motordrome was a dirt track racing venue located on the Old Punt Road in Tomago, New South Wales, just north of the Hunter River and 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) north of the city of Newcastle. The ¼-mile speedway operated from its opening in 1977 until it was sold in 2002. The site of the Motordrome is now warehouses and light industrial factories.

text:
# Newcastle Motordrome

**Newcastle Motordrome** was a dirt track racing venue located on the Old Punt Road in Tomago, New South Wales, just north of the Hunter River and 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) north of the city of Newcastle. The ¼-mile speedway operated from its opening in 1977 until it was sold in 2002. The site of the Motordrome is now warehouses and light industrial factories.

## History

Even though some believe Motorcycle Speedway was started in the Hunter Region of NSW in Maitland in 1923, motorcycle racing of the same nature was occurring on showgrounds and cinder circuits in Australia and overseas well before 1923. For instance in the Newcastle area, racing was held at the still operating Newcastle Showground as early as 1919, though it wasn't until 1973 with the opening of Jerilderie Park Speedway, later to become the Newcastle Motordrome, that Newcastle had a dedicated speedway track that wasn't a showground although there was a short-lived 1/2 mile showground Speedway track at Hamilton in Newcastle as early as 1926 and Midget cars often made the trip from Sydney to Newcastle to race at a Speedway track on Union St.

The Motordrome was originally opened as Jerilderie Park Speedway and run and promoted by Peter Gurbiel, who also ran the Tralee Speedway in Australia's capital city Canberra, and quickly became the centre of speedway racing in country NSW with the track hosting many Australian Championships including the Australian Sprintcar Championship (1983), Australian Solo Championship (1989), Australian Speedcar Championship (1995/96), Australian Sidecar championship (1991), Australian Super Sedan Championship (1980/81, 1989/90 and 1995/96) as well as hosting the Australian Speedcar Grand Prix in 1999, various NSW State championships and rounds of the World Series Sprintcars.

Events at the Motordrome, especially for the Sprintcars, Solo Test matches with Australia facing visiting teams such as England and various "Rest of the World" teams, and big Sedan tests against visiting American teams often brought in capacity crowds of 15,000 people proving the popularity of the sport in the region.

Categories to regularly run at the Motordrome during its 25-year existence were Sprintcars, Speedcars, Super Sedans, Solos, Sidecars, Grand National Sedans, Compact Speedcars and Litre Sprints

The speedway originally had a dolomite and clay mix surface, but was paved during the early to mid-1980s before the asphalt was dug up and the original surface was restored. During the time the track was asphalt a smaller motorcycle track was placed on the infield, the track running just inside asphalt track, but when the asphalt was dug up the bikes once again raced on the 400 metres (440 yards) D-shaped main track.

The Motordrome was also the site of the first ever visit by an official sporting team from the USSR to the Hunter Region of NSW when on 8 December 1990 the Russians took on a strong NSW team in what was known as the Tooheys International Solo Challenge. Led by captain Rinat Mardanshin, Oleg Kurguskin, the late Rif Saitgareev, and runner up in the 1990 Under-21 World Championship Rene Aas, it was the Soviet's first defeat on their 1990/91 Australian tour as they came up against a NSW lineup including Newcastle's own 1990 World #3 Todd Wiltshire, as well as that season's Australian Solo Champion Craig Boyce and 1989 Australia #2 Stephen Davies. Despite being undefeated on their Australian tour to that point after meetings in North Queensland and the Northern Territory, the Russians were expected to lose heavily to the almost test strength NSW but were in the challenge right up until the final heat of the night when Wiltshire and Boyce shut out Kurguskin and Saitgareev 5–1 to give NSW a hard-fought 49–41 win in trying (damp) conditions.

Other famous competitors to race at the Motordrome during its life included World of Outlaws legend Steve Kinser of the USA, his brother Randy and cousin Mark, Indianapolis 500 winner Johnny Rutherford, as well as Australian speedway legends Bernie Whalan Garry Rush, George Tatnell and his son, Brooke Tatnell, Max Dumesny, Steve Brazier and his son Garry Brazier, brothers Ron and John Pyne from nearby Kurri Kurri, Grenville Anderson, Billy Sanders, Phil Crump and Leigh Adams.

The Newcastle Motordrome, originally known as the Jerilderie Park Speedway, was also known during its lifetime as the Newcastle International Motordrome. Due to sponsorship the venue was also known as the Winfield Newcastle Motordrome and finally the Wynn's Newcastle Motordrome.

In a sport where death or severe injury is often an accepted risk (especially to the motorcycle racers), the Newcastle Motordrome bucked the trend and never saw a fatal accident, though in 1975, when the speedway was still Jerilderie Park, it was where the career of the 1954 and 1959 Speedway World Champion Ronnie Moore of New Zealand ended when he crashed and was in a coma for several weeks after.

The speedway held its last meeting on Sunday 14 July 2002 after promoter David Lander sold the freehold for the site for a reported A$2.5 million to the ATB Morton development group ending 25 years of successful speedway at the venue.

## Famous competitors

Some of the famous competitors who raced at the Newcastle Motordrome include:

† – Deceased

## InfoBox

Newcastle Motordrome
| Location | Old Punt Road, Tomago, New South Wales, Australia |
| --- | --- |
| Coordinates | 32°49′19″S 151°42′24″E / 32.82194°S 151.70667°E / -32.82194; 151.70667 |
| Capacity | 15,000 |
| Operator | Peter Gurbiel (1977–1983. 1984–1998)
Barry Lewis (1983–1984)
David Lander (1998–2002) |
| Broke ground | 1977 |
| Opened | 1977 |
| Closed | 14 July 2002 |
| Former names | Jerilderie Park Speedway
Newcastle International Motordrome
Winfield Newcastle Motordrome
Wynn's Newcastle Motordrome |
| Major events | Australian Sprintcar Championship
Australian Speedcar Championship
Australian Speedcar Grand Prix
Australian Solo Championship
Australian Sidecar championship
World Series Sprintcars
Australian Super Sedan Championship
Australian Formula 500 Championship |
| Oval | |
| Surface | dolomite and clay mix
Asphalt (early-mid-1980s only) |
| Length | 0.248 miles (0.400 km) |


abstract: Gloweth, Malabar and Shortlanesend is an electoral division of Cornwall in the United Kingdom which returns one member to sit on Cornwall Council. It was created at the 2021 local elections, being created from the former divisions of Chacewater, Kenwyn and Baldhu, and Truro Trehaverne. The current councillor is David Harris, a Conservative.

text:
# Gloweth, Malabar and Shortlanesend (electoral division)

**Gloweth, Malabar and Shortlanesend** is an electoral division of Cornwall in the United Kingdom which returns one member to sit on Cornwall Council. It was created at the 2021 local elections, being created from the former divisions of Chacewater, Kenwyn and Baldhu, and Truro Trehaverne. The current councillor is David Harris, a Conservative.

## Boundaries

Gloweth, Malabar and Shortlanesend represents the eastern portion of the parish of Kenwyn, which includes the hamlets of Allet and Idless, the housing estate of Gloweth, and the village of Shortlanesend. The electoral division also represents the western outskirts of the city of Truro.

## Councillors

| Election | Member | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2021 | David Harris |  | Conservative |

## Election results

### 2021 election

2021 Cornwall Council election: Gloweth, Malabar and Shortlanesend
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **David Harris** | **437** | **34.2** | ***N/A*** |
|  | Independent | Sam Rabey | 300 | 23.5 | *N/A* |
|  | Labour | Brian Kelly | 236 | 18.5 | *N/A* |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Rod Pascoe | 172 | 13.5 | *N/A* |
|  | Green | Nigel Unwin | 107 | 8.4 | *N/A* |
|  | TUSC | Trevor Hall | 24 | 1.9 | *N/A* |
| Majority | | | 137 | 10.7 | *N/A* |
| Rejected ballots | | | 5 | 0.4 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | | 1,281 |  | *N/A* |
|  | Conservative **win** (new seat) | | | | |

1. "David Harris". *Cornwall Council*. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
2. "Cornwall Council Interactive Map". *Cornwall Council*. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
3. "Election results for Gloweth, Malabar and Shortlanesend, 6 May 2021". *democracy.cornwall.gov.uk*. 6 May 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2024.

## InfoBox

| Gloweth, Malabar and Shortlanesend | |
| --- | --- |
| ward
Cornwall Council. | |
| Boundary of Gloweth, Malabar and Shortlanesend in Cornwall  from 2021. | |
| County | Cornwall |
| Current ward | |
| Created | 2021 (2021) |
| Councillor | David Harris (Conservative) |
| Number of councillors | One |
| Created from | Chacewater, Kenwyn and Baldhu
Truro Trehaverne |


title: Gindoran, Queensland

abstract: Gindoran is a rural locality in the Gladstone Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Gindoran had "no people or a very low population".

text:
# Gindoran, Queensland

**Gindoran** is a rural locality in the Gladstone Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Gindoran had "no people or a very low population".

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, Gindoran had "no people or a very low population".

In the 2021 census, Gindoran had "no people or a very low population".

## InfoBox

| Gindoran
Queensland | |
| --- | --- |
| Gindoran | |
| Coordinates | 24°36′30″S 151°35′50″E / 24.6083°S 151.5972°E / -24.6083; 151.5972 |
| Population | 0 (2021 census) |
| • Density | 0.0000/km2 (0.000/sq mi) |
| Postcode(s) | 4676 |
| Area | 314.4 km2 (121.4 sq mi) |
| Time zone | AEST (UTC+10:00) |
| LGA(s) | Gladstone Region |
| State electorate(s) | Burnett |
| Federal division(s) | Flynn |
| **Suburbs around Gindoran:**  Boyne Valley Colosseum Colosseum  Dalga Gindoran Lowmead  Dalga Molangul Lowmead | |


title: It's Adam and Shelley

abstract: It's Adam and Shelley is a British television variety series written by brother and sister Adam and Shelley Longworth. The series was directed by Tim Kirkby and was broadcast on BBC Three from 1 October to 5 November 2007. Following poor reception and ratings, the show was axed by BBC Three in December 2007.

text:
# It's Adam and Shelley

***It's Adam and Shelley*** is a British television variety series written by brother and sister Adam and Shelley Longworth. The series was directed by Tim Kirkby and was broadcast on BBC Three from 1 October to 5 November 2007.

Following poor reception and ratings, the show was axed by BBC Three in December 2007.

## Episodes

*It's Adam and Shelley* was originally planned as a one-off pilot but was later picked up for a full six-part series earlier in 2007. The six episodes began airing on 1 October 2007 and finished on 5 November 2007.

## InfoBox

| *It's Adam and Shelley* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Comedy |
| Created by |  |
| Directed by | Tim Kirkby |
| Starring |  |
| No. of series | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 6 |
| Production | |
| Running time | 30 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | BBC Three |
| Release | 1 October (2007-10-01) <br>5 November 2007 (2007-11-05) |


title: Peter Hargitay

abstract:
Peter Hargitay is a public relations executive and a partner of the European Consultancy Network. In his early career as a public relations professional Hargitay represented Union Carbide in the aftermath of the Bhopal disaster and commodities trader and fugitive Marc Rich. In 1980 Hargitay founded the Consulting Group Europe which specialized in cases involving high-profile companies and individuals who needed help ensuring their reputations.
In 1990 Hargitay produced the production of King; a musical based on the life of Martin Luther King Jr. Hargitay was one of the executive producers on the 2010 "Fire in Babylon" film, as well as 2005 film Goal! and the final part of the Goal! trilogy, Goal III: Taking on the World. Hargitay advised both Chelsea and FIFA in their dispute at the Court of Arbitration for Sport during the 2009 English football tapping up controversy. In the 2000s Hargitay was a special adviser to Sepp Blatter, the President of the world governing body of football, FIFA. Hargitay left his job with FIFA to work on England's bid for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. After all outside consultants were invited to reapply for the England bid work in a tender process, European Consultancy Network declined and left the bid. Hargitay's European Consultancy Network were employed by the Football Federation of Australia to provide strategy and networking advice for Australia's bid for the 2022 FIFA World Cup. Australia's bid was ultimately unsuccessful, receiving only a single vote in the first round of voting. Peter Hargitay has also served as a lecturer at the Universities of Neuchatel, Milan and Leicester and at Bocconi and De Montfort Universities.
Since 2003, Hargitay has also been lecturing at the Centre for International Sports Studies (CIES) for the master's degree Program in Switzerland, Italy and UK.

text:
# Peter Hargitay

**Peter Hargitay** (born 1951) is a public relations executive and a partner of the European Consultancy Network.

In his early career as a public relations professional Hargitay represented Union Carbide in the aftermath of the Bhopal disaster and commodities trader and fugitive Marc Rich.

In 1980 Hargitay founded the Consulting Group Europe which specialized in cases involving high-profile companies and individuals who needed help ensuring their reputations. In 1990 Hargitay produced the production of *King*; a musical based on the life of Martin Luther King Jr.

Hargitay was one of the executive producers on the 2010 "Fire in Babylon" film, as well as 2005 film *Goal!* and the final part of the *Goal!* trilogy, *Goal III: Taking on the World*.

Hargitay advised both Chelsea and FIFA in their dispute at the Court of Arbitration for Sport during the 2009 English football tapping up controversy.

In the 2000s Hargitay was a special adviser to Sepp Blatter, the President of the world governing body of football, FIFA. Hargitay left his job with FIFA to work on England's bid for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. After all outside consultants were invited to reapply for the England bid work in a tender process, European Consultancy Network declined and left the bid. Hargitay's European Consultancy Network were employed by the Football Federation of Australia to provide strategy and networking advice for Australia's bid for the 2022 FIFA World Cup. Australia's bid was ultimately unsuccessful, receiving only a single vote in the first round of voting.

Peter Hargitay has also served as a lecturer at the Universities of Neuchatel, Milan and Leicester and at Bocconi and De Montfort Universities. Since 2003, Hargitay has also been lecturing at the Centre for International Sports Studies (CIES) for the master's degree Program in Switzerland, Italy and UK.


title: William Casson

abstract: William Casson was an English botanist, seed merchant, and local historian. He discovered the Fen or Crested Buckler-fern Dryopteris cristata in Yorkshire and wrote a local history of Thorne, The History and Antiquities of Thorne, with some account of the drainage of Hatfield Chase. He also established a large garden on the edge of the Thorne Moors with his brother John in which he bred varieties of rhododendron, sheep laurel, and springbeauty. William was born in Thorne on 23 October 1796 to Mordecai and Mary Casson. He had two brothers, Mordecai and John Calvert, and one sister, Sarah. After a very basic education at the vicarage school, he was apprenticed to a firm of grocers and later worked in a grocery business in Thorne started by his grandfather. By the mid-1850s, William and his brother John had become successful "seedsmen, grocers, and farmers." They established an important nursery east of Thorne where he transformed the "unproductive moor" into a place for raising a variety of plants for their business. William was an ardent Quaker who was closely involved with Thorne Friends Preparative Meeting as well as a member of Balby Monthly Meeting. In March 1879, he became a minister and visited other meetings throughout Yorkshire, often in the company of a Scarborough Quaker minister, Henry Hopkins. Throughout his life William showed a deep interest in the district's poor and the inmates of Thorne Union workhouse. He visited the workhouse often and led a religious service on Sunday afternoons for several years. He was also a staunch liberal who occupied several parish offices. He also played a crucial role in the Thorne Literary & Scientific Association. At the end of his life, William suffered an accident to his hip and the loss of an eye, yet continued his rigorous schedule. He died of erysipelas on 22 January 1886 and was buried at the Friends' burial ground off Church Lane in Thorne.

text:
# William Casson

**William Casson** (23 October 1796 – 22 January 1886) was an English botanist, seed merchant, and local historian. He discovered the Fen or Crested Buckler-fern *Dryopteris cristata* in Yorkshire and wrote a local history of Thorne, *The History and Antiquities of Thorne, with some account of the drainage of Hatfield Chase* (1829, 3rd edition 1874). He also established a large garden on the edge of the Thorne Moors with his brother John in which he bred varieties of rhododendron, sheep laurel, and springbeauty.

William was born in Thorne on 23 October 1796 to Mordecai and Mary Casson. He had two brothers, Mordecai and John Calvert, and one sister, Sarah. After a very basic education at the vicarage school, he was apprenticed to a firm of grocers and later worked in a grocery business in Thorne started by his grandfather. By the mid-1850s, William and his brother John had become successful "seedsmen, grocers, and farmers." They established an important nursery east of Thorne where he transformed the "unproductive moor" into a place for raising a variety of plants for their business (Limbert 1991).

William was an ardent Quaker who was closely involved with Thorne Friends Preparative Meeting as well as a member of Balby Monthly Meeting. In March 1879, he became a minister and visited other meetings throughout Yorkshire, often in the company of a Scarborough Quaker minister, Henry Hopkins.

Throughout his life William showed a deep interest in the district's poor and the inmates of Thorne Union workhouse. He visited the workhouse often and led a religious service on Sunday afternoons for several years. He was also a staunch liberal who occupied several parish offices. He also played a crucial role in the Thorne Literary & Scientific Association. At the end of his life, William suffered an accident to his hip and the loss of an eye, yet continued his rigorous schedule. He died of erysipelas on 22 January 1886 and was buried at the Friends' burial ground off Church Lane in Thorne.

* Desmond, Ray; Ellwood, Christine (1994). *Dictionary of British And Irish Botantists And Horticulturalists Including Plant Collectors, Flower Painters and Garden Designers*. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-85066-843-8.
* Limbert, Martin (1991). "William Casson of Thorne". *The Naturalist*. **117**: 3–15.
* Limbert, Martin (2000). "Casson's Garden: a horticultural venture on Thorne Moors". *Landscape Archaeology and Ecology*. **4**: 77–84.
* Thorne (1829). *The History and Antiquities of Thorne, with Some Account of the Drainage of Hatfield Chase*. S. Whaley.


title: RAF Maintenance Command

abstract: RAF Maintenance Command was the Royal Air Force command which was responsible for controlling maintenance for all the United Kingdom-based units from formation on 1 April 1938 until being renamed RAF Support Command on 31 August 1973.

text:
# RAF Maintenance Command

**RAF Maintenance Command** was the Royal Air Force command which was responsible for controlling maintenance for all the United Kingdom-based units from formation on 1 April 1938 until being renamed RAF Support Command on 31 August 1973.

## History

Maintenance Command was formed in 1938. No. 40 Group RAF was formed within the command on 3 January 1939, and responsible for all equipment except bombs and explosives. No. 42 Group RAF was made responsible for fuel and ammunition storage.

In 1940, technical control (but not administrative control) of No. 41 Group and No. 43 Group of Maintenance Command passed to the Ministry of Aircraft Production. One important change made within days of the Ministry's creation was it taking over the RAF aircraft storage Maintenance Units which were found to have accepted 1,000 aircraft from industry, but issued only 650 to squadrons. These management and organisational changes bore results almost immediately: in the first four months of 1940, 2,729 aircraft were produced of which 638 were fighters, while in the following four months crucial to the Battle of Britain combat during May to August 1940, production rose to 4,578 aircraft, of which 1,875 were fighters. This production rate was two and a half times Germany's fighter production at the time. The ministry was additionally able to repair and return to service nearly 1,900 aircraft.

From 7 October 1940, operational control of salvage was administered by a section of No. 43 Group RAF (Maintenance), known as No. 43 Group Salvage, with a headquarters at the Morris Motor Works in Cowley. The administrative headquarters later moved to Magdalen College, Oxford. Maintenance units responsible for salvage were responsible for vast areas of the country.

Responsibility for these Groups returned to Maintenance Command after World War II following the absorption of the Ministry of Aircraft Production into the Ministry of Supply (MoS). The foundation stone for a new Command Headquarters at RAF Andover was laid in November 1960.

When the RAF took delivery of the Blue Danube nuclear weapon (in sections) the HCCL plant near Leeds was one of only four places from where 40 Group organised armed escorted road convoys direct to RAF Wittering. The others were AWRE Aldermaston, ROF Burghfield, ROF Chorley (Lancashire), and Woolwich Arsenal.

No. 40 Group was disbanded on 28 July 1961. Maintenance Command was absorbed into Support Command in August 1973.

## Organisation

As of 1940 the Command was organised as a headquarters and four Groups:

1. Equipment Group \[No 40\]
2. Aircraft Group \[No 41, HQ Andover January 1939 - July 1961; MU's included No. 7 MU?\]
3. Armament and Fuel Group \[No 42\]
4. Repair and Salvage Group \[No 43\]

Nos 42 and 43 Groups disbanded on 2 January 1956; No. 41 Group on 21 July 1961; and No. 40 Group a week later on 28 July 1961.

Maintenance Units included:

## Commanders

Commanders-in-Chief included:

## Further reading

* *The Years Between: Memories of the London Blitz and RAF Maintenance Command During World War Two*, by Eric G. Ayto, Athena Press, ISBN 978-1-84748-105-4
* C Crowley, *Aspects of Industrial Hygiene in Maintenance Command Royal Air Force*, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1951
* Robin D. S. Higham, *Unflinching Zeal: The Air Battles Over France and Britain, May–October 1940*, pp. 131–2
* Ian Philpott, *The Royal Air Force - Volume 2: An Encyclopedia of the Inter-War Years 1930-1939,* Pen & Sword, 2006, 319-322

## InfoBox

| Maintenance Command | |
| --- | --- |
| RAF Maintenance Command badge | |
| Active | 1 April 1938–31 August 1973 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | Royal Air Force |
| Garrison/HQ | RAF Andover |
| Motto(s) | *Service* |


title: WUJM

abstract:
WUJM may refer to:
  - WUJM-LP, a low-power radio station licensed to serve St. Petersburg, Florida, United States
  - WGBL, a radio station licensed to serve Gulfport, Mississippi, United States, which held the call sign WUJM from 1999 to 2014
  - WQNT, a radio station licensed to serve Charleston, South Carolina, United States, which held the call sign WUJM from 1990 to 1996
  - WSCC-FM, a radio station licensed to serve Goose Creek, South Carolina, which held the call sign WUJM or WUJM-FM from 1984 to 1992

text:
# WUJM

**WUJM** may refer to:

* WUJM-LP, a low-power radio station (99.1 FM) licensed to serve St. Petersburg, Florida, United States
* WGBL, a radio station (96.7 FM) licensed to serve Gulfport, Mississippi, United States, which held the call sign WUJM from 1999 to 2014
* WQNT, a radio station (1450 AM) licensed to serve Charleston, South Carolina, United States, which held the call sign WUJM from 1990 to 1996
* WSCC-FM, a radio station (94.3 FM) licensed to serve Goose Creek, South Carolina, which held the call sign WUJM or WUJM-FM from 1984 to 1992