title: Mr. Hooper

abstract: Mr. Harold Hooper was one of the first four human characters to appear on the television series Sesame Street. Created by producer and writer Jon Stone, Mr. Hooper is the original proprietor of Hooper's Store, the neighborhood variety store and combination diner/corner store that serves as a place for Muppets and humans to meet and interact. Lee, a character actor and instructor was "perfectly cast" as Mr. Hooper. Mr. Hooper ranked first of all human characters of the show in recognition by young viewers. Mr. Hooper, who has been described as "slightly cranky but good-hearted" and "curmudgeonly", bridges the gap between the older generation and its young audience. Hooper's Store, "an idealized social institution", is an extension of his personality. He had a close relationship with the Muppet Big Bird. After Lee's death on December 7, 1982, instead of recasting the role, or explaining his departure by saying he had moved, quit or retired, the writers and producers of Sesame Street decided to have the character of Mr. Hooper die. Then, they created a TV episode to teach their young audience about the difficult topic of death. Research was conducted to ascertain the messages they wanted to convey about the topic, as well as the effect the episode would have on the young children who watched it. They were advised by experts in the fields of child psychology, child development, and religion. Studies conducted after the episode was produced showed that most children understood its messages about death, and that they experienced no long-term ill effects. The episode, written by head writer Norman Stiles, aired on Thanksgiving Day 1983. The cast and crew reported that filming it was an emotional and touching experience, with Bob McGrath listing it as one of his two favorites. Setting the standard for dealing with difficult topics on children's television, the show was called heartbreaking yet affirming, and remains one of the proudest moments in the show's history.

text:
# Mr. Hooper

**Mr. Harold Hooper** (played by Will Lee) was one of the first four human characters to appear on the television series *Sesame Street*. Created by producer and writer Jon Stone, Mr. Hooper is the original proprietor of Hooper's Store, the neighborhood variety store and combination diner/corner store that serves as a place for Muppets and humans to meet and interact. Lee, a character actor and instructor was "perfectly cast" as Mr. Hooper. Mr. Hooper ranked first of all human characters of the show in recognition by young viewers. Mr. Hooper, who has been described as "slightly cranky but good-hearted" and "curmudgeonly", bridges the gap between the older generation and its young audience. Hooper's Store, "an idealized social institution", is an extension of his personality. He had a close relationship with the Muppet Big Bird.

After Lee's death on December 7, 1982, instead of recasting the role, or explaining his departure by saying he had moved, quit or retired, the writers and producers of *Sesame Street* decided to have the character of Mr. Hooper die. Then, they created a TV episode to teach their young audience about the difficult topic of death. Research was conducted to ascertain the messages they wanted to convey about the topic, as well as the effect the episode would have on the young children who watched it. They were advised by experts in the fields of child psychology, child development, and religion. Studies conducted after the episode was produced showed that most children understood its messages about death, and that they experienced no long-term ill effects.

The episode, written by head writer Norman Stiles, aired on Thanksgiving Day 1983. The cast and crew reported that filming it was an emotional and touching experience, with Bob McGrath listing it as one of his two favorites. Setting the standard for dealing with difficult topics on children's television, the show was called heartbreaking yet affirming, and remains one of the proudest moments in the show's history.

## Development and description

Mr. Hooper, played by Will Lee from the premiere of *Sesame Street* in 1969 until his death in 1982, was one of the first four human characters that appeared on the show. Created by producer and writer Jon Stone, the role of Mr. Hooper was the first to be cast. Lee came to Stone's attention through writers Bruce Hart and Carole Hart. Mr. Hooper was inspired by the Bob Keeshan character Captain Kangaroo; Stone previously worked on the *Captain Kangaroo* program, which greatly influenced him as he developed *Sesame Street*. Mr. Hooper is the original proprietor of Hooper's Store, the neighborhood variety store and combination diner/corner store that serves as a place for Muppets and humans to meet and interact. Stone's original conception of Mr. Hooper was that he would be, like most owners of such establishments at the time, older, male, and Jewish.

> I was delighted to take the role of Mr. Hooper, the gruff grocer with the warm heart. It's a big part, and it allows a lot of latitude. But the show has something extra—that sense that you sometimes get from great theater, the feeling that its influence never stops.

—Will Lee to *Time Magazine* in 1970

Lee was a character actor and acting instructor with a range of roles in the theater. Lee had been blacklisted from many mainstream acting roles for about five years during the McCarthy era, for refusing to cooperate with the House Un-American Activities Committee's investigation of Communist influence in show business. According to writer Michael Davis, Lee played Mr. Hooper, known for his bowtie and horn-rimmed glasses, "with such certainty and naturalness he made adults suspend their sense of disbelief". Writer Louise A. Gikow stated that Lee was "perfectly cast" as Mr. Hooper. According to fellow cast member Bob McGrath, who also appeared in *Sesame Street*'s first episode with Lee, "Will had a broader dimension to his character than perhaps the rest of us did ... He convinced me that no matter how simple the scene was with a child, you had to bring a tremendous integrity and an honesty and credibility to it". Joan Ganz Cooney, *Sesame Street* co-creator and president of the Children's Television Workshop (CTW), said, "He gave millions of children the message that the old and the young have a lot to say to each other". *The New York Times* reported that Mr. Hooper ranked first of all human characters of the show in recognition by young viewers.

Davis described Mr. Hooper as "slightly cranky but good-hearted". Gikow called Mr. Hooper "curmudgeonly". Davis stated that since Mr. Hooper's appearance in the first episode of *Sesame Street*, he had become many things to many young children, "... the guy in the apron at the far side of the generation gap, his half-lens glasses slipping down his nose". Davis also stated that Hooper's Store, which he called "an idealized social institution", is an extension of Mr. Hooper's personality. Mr. Hooper has a special relationship with the Muppet character Big Bird, who would often come into Hooper's Store for a birdseed milkshake and a chat. A running gag in the show was that Big Bird would often mispronounce Mr. Hooper's name, although most attempts ended in "ooper", such as "Looper" or "Cooper". Mr. Hooper's first name, Harold, was not revealed until the character earned a GED during night school.

Mr. Hooper's last appearances on *Sesame Street* aired in 1983, but Lee's last segments for the show were taped in November 1982. Lee participated in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade with other *Sesame Street* characters a few days before he died of a heart attack on December 7, 1982.

## Death of Mr. Hooper

When Will Lee died on December 7, 1982, instead of recasting the role for the character (replacing Will Lee with a new actor so Mr. Hooper could still be in the show), explaining Mr. Hooper's departure (by saying that he had retired and/or moved away), or simply dropping him from the show without explanation, the producers of *Sesame Street* decided to have the character pass away as well. Then they used the episode to teach their young audience about the difficult topic of death. According to CTW researcher Rosemarie Truglio and her colleagues, the episode was one of the many social issues relevant to preschoolers the show has dealt with throughout its history. Executive producer Dulcy Singer reported that they followed their instincts to be "honest and straightforward" and to "deal with it head-on".

### Synopsis

The *Sesame Street* episode (#1839) in which the death of Mr. Hooper was discussed, was structured as all episodes were structured at the time, with individual segments that took place on the main brownstone set interrupted by inserts, or puppet skits, short films, and animations. The episode begins with a scene between Gordon (Roscoe Orman) and the Muppet Forgetful Jones (Richard Hunt). Gordon helps Forgetful remember something that had made him happy; as Davis states, "Later, Big Bird forgets something that makes him sad". After several inserts, Big Bird walks backward with his head between his legs; when Gordon asks him why, he answers, "Just because". Later, Big Bird listens to the adults talking about a new baby who is due to visit Sesame Street with his mother.

Two segments later, Big Bird interrupts the adults—Maria (Sonia Manzano), David (Northern Calloway), Bob (Bob McGrath), Susan (Loretta Long), Gordon, Luis (Emilio Delgado), and Olivia (Alaina Reed Hall)—discussing politics by giving them pictures he had drawn of each of them. He gets to Mr. Hooper's picture, saying that he will give it to him when he returns. The human characters explain the irreversibility of death to Big Bird, who reacts by getting upset, expressing his confusion and sadness. The adults reassure him that they love him and will take care of him. David reveals that he will take over the store, Mr. Hooper having left it to him in his will, and that he is going to serve milkshakes to Big Bird, like Mr. Hooper used to do. Big Bird asks, "Why does it have to be this way? Give me one good reason!" and after a long silence Gordon answers, "Big Bird, it has to be this way... because." Looking at Mr. Hooper's picture, Big Bird says, mispronouncing his name as he had done many times in the past, "I'm going to miss you, Mr. Looper." Maria tearfully corrects Big Bird and everyone gathers around him, hugging him in support.

The episode ends with Big Bird hanging Mr. Hooper's picture near his nest. Luis knocks on his door to introduce the new baby, followed by the entire grown-up cast. Big Bird says, "You know what the nice thing is about new babies? One day they're not here, and the next day, here they are!" The cast collectively show affection to the baby as the show closes.

### Research

Similar to what they had done with other social issues and in developing their curriculum, the CTW researched the topic of death and how preschoolers understand it. The first step in their research process was to assemble a team of experts, led by CTW research director Lewis Bernstein, in the fields of child psychology, child development, and religion. The team advised the show's writers and producers how to handle the topic, in what they called "a curriculum bath"; Bernstein described it in this way: "We bring in the experts to allow the writer to soak in expertise. We in Research bring in people to provide the information, and then the artistry of the writer takes over, as they integrate what they've heard". The experts advised the producers to provide their viewers with a sense of closure about Mr. Hooper's death. They decided not to focus on how Mr. Hooper died, since explaining that he was old and ill might increase children's fears about death. They chose to deal with his death in a single episode, and convey simple messages like: "Mr. Hooper is dead; Mr. Hooper will not be coming back; and Mr. Hooper will be missed by all". Gikow stated that the episode they created was an example of the writers and producers' skills as educators as well as entertainers.

Before the episode aired, the CTW conducted a series of studies to guide the writers and producers in creating the episode. Their goal was to answer four key questions: (1) Will children understand the messages they wanted to convey about death? (2) How attentive will they be to the storyline? (3) How will parents respond to the treatment of such a sensitive topic? and (4) Will children be disturbed by the messages, and if so, for how long? The researchers broke up children into three groups: children who only watched the scenes in which the storyline was played out and who were interviewed afterwards; children who watched the entire episode and whose attention was recorded while they viewed it; and children who watched the episode without the inserts, with their parents, who were interviewed 9 or 10 days later.

The researchers found that 73% of 4- and 5-year-olds in their study understood that Mr. Hooper was dead and that 88% of this group understood that he was not coming back, although only about one-fourth of the 3-year-old viewers responded correctly. Most of the 4- and 5-year-olds understood that Big Bird and the adults were sad. Most children (80%) were attentive during the episode. The parents interviewed had "overwhelmingly positive" reactions to the show, and that half reported that they had discussed death with their children after viewing it. None of the parents reported negative reactions from their children, either immediately after watching the episode or at a later time.

### Development and legacy

> The script Norman \[Stiles\] wrote became an extraordinary moving television experience for preschoolers and their families. Heartbreaking yet affirming, the episode set a standard for the sensitive treatment of a powerful subject matter than has rarely been equaled. It remains one of the show's proudest moments.

—Writer Louise A. Gikow

*Sesame Street* head writer Norman Stiles was chosen to write the segments about Mr. Hooper's death. The episode focused on the life cycle of birth and death by also mentioning the birth of a baby, and by remembering Mr. Hooper. Stiles said, "We decided to say that while Mr. Hooper was not here anymore, we will always have that part of him that lives within the heart, that we have our love and that it will always stay". Stiles wanted to convey that expressing grief for someone who had died was difficult for both adults and children. Instead of providing an explanation, the adults of *Sesame Street* tell Big Bird, when he asked why Mr. Hooper had died, that there was no real reason, that it happened, as Gordon tells Big Bird, "Just because". The show's outside experts advised Stiles and the producers to remove the line because they were concerned that an open-ended explanation would not be enough for children, but Stiles kept the line because it was an acknowledgement, as Gikow stated, that there is "never a good explanation" about why people die.

The episode aired on Thanksgiving Day 1983, a year after Lee's final appearance as Mr. Hooper at the Macy's Thanksgiving Day parade. The producers chose to air it the first week of the new season in order to explain Mr. Hooper's absence as soon as possible, for maximum exposure, and to ensure that parents were at home with their children in order to discuss it. The illustrations used for the episode were drawn by Caroll Spinney, who performed Big Bird. Mr. Hooper's picture remained on the set from then on, as a continuing memorial to Lee and Mr. Hooper. Spinney, speaking of the scene in which the pictures were passed out, reported, "When we finished that scene there wasn't one of us whose face wasn't streaked with tears", even Spinney underneath his costume. Jon Stone, who directed the episode, wanted to do another take, although Spinney later said, "There was nothing wrong with that take. It was perfect." Cameraman Frankie Biondo was touched by the performance.

A book, entitled *I'll Miss You, Mr. Hooper* and based upon the script for the episode, was published in 1984. The book was also written by Stiles. According to Renée Cherow-O'Leary, Stiles and the editorial staff of the CTW's book division worked with the show's research staff and used the same educational content information and research the show's producers used to create the episode.

### Citations

### Works cited

## InfoBox

| Harold Hooper | |
| --- | --- |
| *Sesame Street* character | |
| Mr. Hooper in his store | |
| First appearance | November 10, 1969 |
| Last appearance | March 18, 1983 |
| Portrayed by | Will Lee |
| In-universe information | |
| Alias | Mr. Hooper (often mispronounced by Big Bird as "Cooper", "Looper", etc.) |
| Species | Human |
| Gender | Male |


title: Mawphlang Assembly constituency

abstract: Mawphlang is one of the 60 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya state in India. It is part of East Khasi Hills district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes.

text:
# Mawphlang Assembly constituency

**Mawphlang** is one of the 60 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya state in India.

It is part of East Khasi Hills district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

| Year | Member | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2018 | Syntar Klas Sunn |  | Independent |
| 2021 | Eugeneson Lyngdoh |  | United Democratic Party |
| 2023 | Matthew Beyondstar Kurbah |  | United Democratic Party |
|

## Election results

### 2021 by-election

This by-election was needed due to the death of sitting MLA, Syntar Klas Sunn of Covid-19, on 10 September 2021. The election, which was carried out on 30 October 2021, was won by his son, Eugeneson Lyngdoh.

By-election, 2021: Mawphlang
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **UDP** | **Eugeneson Lyngdoh** | **13,285** | **48.71** |  |
|  | INC | Kennedy Cornelius Khyriem | 8,884 | 32.58 |  |
|  | NPP | Lamphrang Blah | 5,103 | 18.71 |  |
|  | NOTA | None of the above | 202 | 0.61 |  |
| Majority | | | 4,401 | 16.13 |  |
| Turnout | | | 27,475 | 82.74 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 33,208 |  |  |
|  | UDP **gain** from Independent | | Swing |  |  |

### 2018

Meghalaya Legislative Assembly Election, 2018: Mawphlang
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **Syntar Klas Sunn** |  |  |  |
|  | NOTA | None of the Above |  |  |  |
| Majority | | |  |  |  |
| Turnout | | |  |  |  |

1. "Meghalaya General Legislative Election 2023". *eci.gov.in*. Election Commission of India. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
2. "Map of Meghalaya Parliamentary Constituencies" (PDF). *ceomeghalaya.nic.in*. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
3. "Meghalaya General Legislative Election 2018 - Meghalaya - Election Commission of India". Retrieved 30 January 2021.
4. Princess Giri Rashir (10 September 2021). "Meghalaya: Mawphlang MLA Syntar Klas Sunn dies of COVID-19". *www.eastmojo.com*. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
5. Princess Giri Rashir (30 September 2021). "Meghalaya by-polls: Footballer Eugeneson Lyngdoh steps into late father SK Sunn's shoes". *www.eastmojo.com*. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
6. "Bye Elections 2021 (Parliamentary and Assemblies) - Bye-Elections Result in Xls/Pdf Format". Election Commission of India. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
7. EastMojo (2 November 2021). "Meghalaya bypolls: NPP wins Rajabala, Mawryngkneng, UDP gets Mawphlang". Archived from the original on 31 March 2024. Retrieved 31 March 2024.

25°27′N 91°46′E / 25.45°N 91.76°E / 25.45; 91.76

## InfoBox

| Mawphlang | |
| --- | --- |
| Constituency No. 24 for the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly | |
| Constituency details | |
| Country | India |
| Region | Northeast India |
| State | Meghalaya |
| District | East Khasi Hills |
| LS constituency | Shillong |
| Established | 2008 |
| Total electors | 35,484 |
| Reservation | ST |
| Member of Legislative Assembly | |
| 11th Meghalaya Legislative Assembly | |
| **Incumbent**  **Matthew Beyondstar Kurbah** | |
| Party | United Democratic Party |
| Elected year | 2023 |


title: Muro de Alcoy

abstract: Muro de Alcoy or Muro d'Alcoi, also briefly called Muro is a town and municipality located in the comarca of Comtat, in the province of Alicante, Spain, lying at the foot of the Serra de Mariola. As of 2009, it has a total population of c. 8,900 inhabitants. The economy of Muro de Alcoy is based on textile industry, manufacture of plastic products and furniture and agriculture. The main festival in Muro is the Moros i cristians, celebrated during the second weekend of May. According to popular tradition the festival commemorate the battles, combats and fights between Moors and Christians during the period known as Reconquista. The festivals represent the capture of the city by the Moors and the subsequent Christian reconquest.

text:
# Muro de Alcoy

**Muro de Alcoy** (Spanish: \[ˈmuɾo ðe alˈkoj\]) or **Muro d'Alcoi** (Valencian: \[ˈmuɾ ðalˈkɔj\]), also briefly called **Muro** (Spanish and Valencian: \[ˈmuɾo\]) is a town and municipality located in the comarca of Comtat, in the province of Alicante, Spain, lying at the foot of the Serra de Mariola. As of 2009, it has a total population of c. 8,900 inhabitants. The economy of Muro de Alcoy is based on textile industry, manufacture of plastic products and furniture and agriculture (olives and almonds).

The main festival in Muro is the *Moros i cristians*, celebrated during the second weekend of May. According to popular tradition the festival commemorate the battles, combats and fights between Moors (or Muslims) and Christians during the period known as Reconquista (from the 8th century through the 15th century). The festivals represent the capture of the city by the Moors and the subsequent Christian reconquest.

## Notable people

* Pictures of Moros y Cristianos, Muro 2006

## InfoBox

| Muro de Alcoy/Muro d'Alcoi | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Town hall | |
|  | |
| Muro de AlcoyLocation in the Province of AlicanteMuro de AlcoyLocation in the Valencian CommunityMuro de AlcoyLocation in Spain | |
| Coordinates: 38°46′47″N 0°26′10″W / 38.77972°N 0.43611°W / 38.77972; -0.43611 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Valencian Community |
| Province | Alicante |
| Comarca | Comtat |
| Judicial district | Alcoy |
| Government | |
| Alcalde | Tu mama (González) |
| Area | |
| Total | 129.86 km2 (50.14 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 410 m (1,350 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 9,328 |
| Density | 72/km2 (190/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Mureros |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 03830 |
| Official language(s) | Valencian and Spanish |
| Website | http://www.vilademuro.net/es/ |


title: X (Grafton novel)

abstract: "X" is the twenty-fourth novel in the "Alphabet" series of mystery novels by Sue Grafton. It features Kinsey Millhone, a private detective based in Santa Teresa, California, a fictional version of Santa Barbara, California. The novel, set in the late 1980s, finds Kinsey pursuing a sociopathic serial killer. It was published by G.P. Putnam's Sons, and released in the United States on August 25, 2015.

text:
# X (Grafton novel)

***"X"*** is the twenty-fourth novel in the "Alphabet" series of mystery novels by Sue Grafton. It features Kinsey Millhone, a private detective based in Santa Teresa, California, a fictional version of Santa Barbara, California.

The novel, set in the late 1980s, finds Kinsey pursuing a sociopathic serial killer. It was published by G.P. Putnam's Sons, and released in the United States on August 25, 2015.

## Plot summary

The book starts off in third-person narrative by a woman called Teddy Xanakis. Teddy is in the throes of a bitter divorce and trying to ruin her ex-husband Ari, who had an affair with her best friend. The story transitions into first-person narrative by Kinsey Millhone. Since the last book she has inherited a large sum of money from a family member on her father's side. She meets with a client who wants her to find her biological son she gave up for adoption. She also starts trying to help out Pete Wolinsky's widow, Ruth, with an IRS audit. Another story-line involves new neighbors and attempts at water conservation. None of these story-lines are connected and Kinsey bounces back and forth between these disparate events throughout the book. Kinsey discovers that Pete was investigating a person he believed to be a serial killer who ends up attacking Kinsey. The disjointed plot lines have generally disappointed fans of her previous works.

## Characters

## Title

When asked about the title of book 24 in 2013, Grafton told the *Minneapolis Star-Tribune* that the title "almost has to be Xenophobe or Xenophobia. I've checked the penal codes in most states and xylophone isn't a crime, so I'm stuck." A few months before the book was published, she revealed that it would break the pattern of the preceding 23 books, omitting the "is for" and alliterative word from the title.

## Reviews

## InfoBox

"X"
| First edition cover | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Sue Grafton |
| Language | English |
| Series | Alphabet Mysteries |
| Genre | Mystery fiction |
| Publisher | G.P. Putnam's Sons |
| Publication date | August 25, 2015 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (Hardcover) |
| Pages | 400 first edition |
| ISBN | 978-0-399-16384-5 |
| Preceded by | *"W" Is for Wasted* |
| Followed by | *"Y" Is for Yesterday* |


abstract: Robakowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stolno, within Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies 12 kilometres (7 mi) east of Stolno, 17 km (11 mi) east of Chełmno, and 36 km (22 mi) north of Toruń. It is located in Chełmno Land within the historic region of Pomerania.

text:
# Robakowo, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship

**Robakowo** \[rɔbaˈkɔvɔ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stolno, within Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies 12 kilometres (7 mi) east of Stolno, 17 km (11 mi) east of Chełmno, and 36 km (22 mi) north of Toruń. It is located in Chełmno Land within the historic region of Pomerania.

## History

Robakowo was a private village of Polish nobility, administratively located in the Chełmno Voivodeship of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1509 it was bought by Paweł Sokołowski from Andrzej Robakowski. In 1868, the village had a population of 184, and in 1885 it had a population of 227.

During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), Robakowo was one of the sites of executions of Poles, carried out by the Germans in 1939 as part of the *Intelligenzaktion*.

## InfoBox

| Robakowo | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Robakowo | |
| Coordinates: 53°21′N 18°40′E / 53.350°N 18.667°E / 53.350; 18.667 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Kuyavian-Pomeranian |
| County | Chełmno |
| Gmina | Stolno |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Vehicle registration | CCH |
| Voivodeship roads |  |


title: Harvey D. Tallackson

abstract: Harvey Dean Tallackson was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member of the North Dakota Senate.

text:
# Harvey D. Tallackson

**Harvey Dean Tallackson** (May 15, 1925 – July 27, 2022) was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member of the North Dakota Senate.

## Life and career

Tallackson was born on May 15, 1925, in Grafton, North Dakota. His parents were Arthur J. Tallackson Sr. (1895 - 1970) and Mabel R. McDougald (1895 - 1964). Tallackson married his high school sweetheart Glenna Walstad in 1946. They had five children together.

Tallackson was an insurance salesman and farmer.

Tallackson served in the North Dakota Senate as a democrat from 1977 to 2008. He was reelected narrowly in 2000 and 2004, with 52% and 53% of the vote, respectively. He lost reelection in 2008 to republican Joe Miller, receiving less than 40% of the vote.

Tallackson's wife, Glenna, passed away in March, 2020. He died two years later on July 27, 2022, at the age of 97. He and his wife are buried at Zion Cemetery, in Walsh County, North Dakota.

## InfoBox

| Harvey D. Tallackson | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the North Dakota Senate | |
| **In office**
1977–2008 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1925-05-15)May 15, 1925
Grafton, North Dakota, U.S. |
| Died | July 27, 2022(2022-07-27) (aged 97) |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Glenna Mae Walstad (m. 1946 - 2020; her death) |
| Children | 5 |
|  | |


abstract: The Neora–Daniyawan–Bihar Sharif–Sheikhpura line is a proposed railway line connecting Neora on the Howrah–Delhi main line and Sheikhpura on the Gaya–Kiul line both in the Indian state of Bihar.This line will connect Neora on the Howrah–Delhi main line near Danapur, Jatdumri on Patna–Gaya line, Daniyawan on Fatuha–Tilaiya line, Bihar Sharif on Bakhtiyarpur–Tilaiya line and Sheikhpura on Gaya–Kiul line.

text:
# Neora–Daniyawan–Bihar Sharif–Sheikhpura line

The **Neora–Daniyawan–Bihar Sharif–Sheikhpura line** is a proposed railway line connecting Neora on the Howrah–Delhi main line and Sheikhpura on the Gaya–Kiul line both in the Indian state of Bihar.This line will connect Neora on the Howrah–Delhi main line near Danapur, Jatdumri on Patna–Gaya line, Daniyawan on Fatuha–Tilaiya line, Bihar Sharif on Bakhtiyarpur–Tilaiya line and Sheikhpura on Gaya–Kiul line.

## History

**Neora–Daniyawan–Bihar Sharif–Sheikhpura line** was approved in 2002–03 by Indian Railways in order to reduce loads of trains on Danapur–Kiul route of Howrah–Delhi main line. This was considered a very ambitious project in order to improve train operations on Patna–Jhajha–Howrah railway section. The railways have made progress on this project, particularly between the Daniyawan and Barbigha route. The train is running on Bihar Sharif–Daniyawan rail line from 2015. Bihar Sharif–Barbigha and Barbigha–Sheikhpura railway lines are being built. However, they have not made much progress on the route between Neora and Daniyawan due to land acquisition problem.

## Electrification

The Daniyawan–Bihar Sharif section was electrified in 2019 and inaugurated on 17 Feb 2019 by PM Narendra Modi.

## Important stations

Bihar Sharif Junction, Daniyawan, Barbigha and Sheikhpura are important stations on this line.

**Bihar Sharif** is the headquarters of Nalanda district and interchange station for Rajgir and Nalanda, which are popular tourist destinations and are part of the Buddhist Circuit of Bihar. Pawapuri is part of the Jain Circuit of Bihar.

## Sections

* Neora–Daniyawan section 42.2 km (26 mi)
* Daniyawan–Bihar Sharif section 38.28 km (24 mi)
* Bihar Sharif–Barbigha section 25.9 km (16 mi)
* Barbigha–Sheikhpura section 16.8 km (10 mi)

## Trains

63329/63330 Rajgir–Fatuha MEMU, runs via Bihar Sharif and Daniyawan.

## InfoBox

| Neora–Daniyawan–Bihar Sharif–Sheikhpura line | |
| --- | --- |
| Bihar Sharif Junction, the most important station of the rail line | |
| Overview | |
| Status | Partially operational |
| Owner | Indian Railways |
| Locale | Patna, Nalanda & Sheikhpura districts of Bihar |
| Termini |  |
| Service | |
| Operator(s) | East Central Railway |
| History | |
| Opened | 2015 (Daniyawan–Bihar Sharif section) |
| Technical | |
| Line length | 123.2 km (77 mi) |
| Number of tracks | 1 |
| Track gauge | broad gauge 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) |
| Electrification | 25 kV 50 Hz AC OHLE in 2019 b/w Daniyawan and Bihar Sharif |
| Operating speed | Up to 120 km/h |
| Route map | |


title: Frank Gorton

abstract: Frank H. Gorton was an American football, basketball, baseball, and track and field coach. He served as the head football coach at Rutgers University from 1906 to 1907, Occidental College from 1908 to 1910, the Virginia Military Institute (VMI) from 1914 to 1916, and Otterbein College—now known as Otterbein University—in 1917, compiling a career college football record of 38–29–6. Gorton was also the head basketball coach at Rutgers from 1906 to 1909, at VMI from 1914 to 1917, and at Otterbein College during the 1917–18 season, amassing a career college basketball mark of 33–31. In addition, he served as the head baseball coach at Rutgers in 1907. Gorton returned to VMI in 1926 to serve as the school's athletic director. Gorton died at the age of 62 of a heart attack in Lexington, Virginia on March 20, 1939.

text:
# Frank Gorton

**Frank H. Gorton** (1877 – March 20, 1939) was an American football, basketball, baseball, and track and field coach. He served as the head football coach at Rutgers University from 1906 to 1907, Occidental College from 1908 to 1910, the Virginia Military Institute (VMI) from 1914 to 1916, and Otterbein College—now known as Otterbein University—in 1917, compiling a career college football record of 38–29–6. Gorton was also the head basketball coach at Rutgers from 1906 to 1909, at VMI from 1914 to 1917, and at Otterbein College during the 1917–18 season, amassing a career college basketball mark of 33–31. In addition, he served as the head baseball coach at Rutgers in 1907. Gorton returned to VMI in 1926 to serve as the school's athletic director.

Gorton died at the age of 62 of a heart attack in Lexington, Virginia on March 20, 1939.

## Head coaching record

### Football

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Rutgers Queensmen** *(Independent)* (1906–1907) | | | | | | | | |
| 1906 | Rutgers | 5–2–2 |  |  |  |
| 1907 | Rutgers | 3–5–1 |  |  |  |
| **Rutgers:** | | 8–7–3 |  |  | | | | |
| **Occidental Tigers** *(Independent)* (1908–1910) | | | | | | | | |
| 1908 | Occidental | 9–2 |  |  |  |
| 1909 | Occidental | 4–1–1 |  |  |  |
| 1910 | Occidental | 2–2–1 |  |  |  |
| **Occidental:** | | 15–5–2 |  |  | | | | |
| **VMI Keydets** *(Independent)* (1914–1916) | | | | | | | | |
| 1914 | VMI | 4–4 |  |  |  |
| 1915 | VMI | 6–2–1 |  |  |  |
| 1916 | VMI | 4–5 |  |  |  |
| **VMI:** | | 14–11–1 |  |  | | | | |
| **Otterbein Cardinals** *(Independent)* (1917–singe) | | | | | | | | |
| 1917 | Otterbein | 1–6 |  |  |  |
| **Otterbein:** | | 1–6 |  |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 38–29–6 |  | | | | | | |

### Basketball

Statistics overview
| Season | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Postseason |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Rutgers Queensmen**  *(Independent)* (1906–1907) | | | | | | | | |
| 1906–07 | Rutgers | 0–3 |  |  |  |
| 1907–08 | Rutgers | 4–11 |  |  |  |
| **Rutgers:** | | 4–14 |  |  | | | | |
| **VMI Keydets**  *(Independent)* (1914–1917) | | | | | | | | |
| 1914–15 | VMI | 8–2 |  |  |  |
| 1915–16 | VMI | 9–3 |  |  |  |
| 1916–17 | VMI | 9–5 |  |  |  |
| **VMI:** | | 26–10 |  |  | | | | |
| **Otterbein Cardinals**  *(Independent)* (1917–1918) | | | | | | | | |
| 1917–18 | Otterbein | 4–6 |  |  |  |
| **Otterbein:** | | 4–6 |  |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 34–30 |  | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

Frank Gorton
| Gorton pictured in *The Bomb 1915*, VMI yearbook | |
| --- | --- |
| Biographical details | |
| Born | 1877 |
| Died | (1939-03-20)March 20, 1939 (aged 62)
Lexington, Virginia, U.S. |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| Football | |
| 1906–1907 | Rutgers |
| 1908–1910 | Occidental |
| 1914–1916 | VMI |
| 1917 | Otterbein |
| 1918 | Fisk |
| 1925 | Rochester (NY) (assistant) |
| 1934 | Rochester (NY) (assistant) |
| Basketball | |
| 1906–1908 | Rutgers |
| 1914–1917 | VMI |
| 1917–1918 | Otterbein |
| Baseball | |
| 1907 | Rutgers |
| 1915–1917 | VMI |
| 1939 | Ohio State (assistant trainer) |
| Track | |
| 1915–1917 | VMI |
| 1926–1937 | Rochester |
|  | |
| Administrative career (AD unless noted) | |
| 1926–1928 | VMI |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 38–29–6 (football)
34–30 (basketball) |
|  | |


title: Phillip Davidson

abstract: Phillip Buford Davidson Jr. was an American lieutenant general who served in World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War.

text:
# Phillip Davidson

**Phillip Buford Davidson Jr.** (November 26, 1915 – February 7, 1996) was an American lieutenant general who served in World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War.

## Biography

Davidson was born on November 26, 1915, in Hachita, New Mexico. Davidson attended West Point, graduating in 1939. During World War II, he served as assistant intelligence officer in the 96th Infantry Division. Later, he served as a squadron commander in George S. Patton's Third Army in Western Europe.

Following the war, he was assigned as an instructor to the Army's School of Intelligence in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.

Starting in 1948 and continuing throughout the Korean War, Davidson was chief, Plans and Estimates Branch, in General Douglas MacArthur's intelligence office. It was during this time that occurred one of the US Army's greatest intelligence failures in history - not predicting Chinese intervention in the Korean War.

In 1969, while assigned as commanding General of the Army training center at Fort Ord, California, Davidson was the respondent in the United States Supreme Court decision *Parisi v. Davidson*. In that case, the court granted habeas relief to a soldier seeking an honorable discharge as a conscientious objector.

During the Vietnam War, 1967 until 1969, Davidson was the chief of US military intelligence in Vietnam, under the command of William Westmoreland and later Creighton Abrams. From May 3, 1971, to September 30, 1972, Davidson, then a major general, was the Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence, Headquarters, Department of the Army. He was later promoted to lieutenant general.

In 1988, he published *Vietnam at War: The History 1946–1975*, which is widely regarded as one of the most comprehensive accounts of the Indochina wars. He followed it up in 1990 with *Secrets of the Vietnam War*, where he described his experiences in Vietnam.

Davidson died on February 7, 1996, in San Antonio, Texas. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.

Davidson is a member of the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame.

## Military decorations

Lieutenant general Davidson received many decorations during his military service:

## InfoBox

| Phillip Buford Davidson Jr. | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1915-11-26)November 26, 1915
Hachita, New Mexico |
| Died | February 7, 1996(1996-02-07) (aged 80)
San Antonio, Texas |
| Place of burial | Arlington National Cemetery |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service/branch | United States Army |
| Years of service | 1939–1974 |
| Rank | Lieutenant General |
| Battles/wars | World War II
Korean War
Vietnam War |
| Awards | Army Distinguished Service Medal
Silver Star
Legion of Merit (3)
Bronze Star Medal
Purple Heart |
| Other work | Author |


title: Muckadilla, Queensland

abstract: Muckadilla is a rural town and locality in the Maranoa Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the locality of Muckadilla had a population of 38 people.

text:
# Muckadilla, Queensland

**Muckadilla** is a rural town and locality in the Maranoa Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the locality of Muckadilla had a population of 38 people.

## Geography

The town lies in the northern part of the locality. The Western railway line passes through the locality from east to west. The town is serviced by the Muckadilla railway station immediately to the north of the town. The Warrego Highway passes from east to west through the town, mostly being parallel immediately south of the railway line.

Muckadilla Creek flows from Mount Bindango to the north down to the south-east of Muckadilla to Mount Abundance, passing just west of the town. The creek becomes Cogoon River and then is a tributary of the Balonne River. Colonial surveyor and explorer Thomas Mitchell followed this stream through this area in 1846, prior to european settlement.

The land is mostly 350-400m above sea level and used for grazing and cropping. Some of the slopes of the higher peaks (to 470m) in the south-west of the locality remain densely forested.

## History

The name *Muckadilla* was first used as the creek name, which in turn is believed to be an Aboriginal word (language and dialect unknown) to mean *plenty of water*.

Muckadilla Provisional School opened on 25 January 1886. It was proclaimed Muckadilla State School on 1 January 1909. The school was mothballed on 31 December 2008, then closed on 31 December 2009. The school was on a 5-acre (2.0 ha) site at the southern end of Centenary Drive (26°35′27″S 148°23′08″E / 26.5908°S 148.3855°E / -26.5908; 148.3855 (Muckadilla State School (former))). The school's website was archived.

In 1889, the Queensland Government drilled a bore at Muckadilla. Although the water supply found was quite small, it was believed that it had healing properties and people flocked to Muckadilla in search of a cure. Dr E.W. Kerr of Brisbane endorsed the water, claiming it had cured "obstinate rheumatism" in some of his patients. The baths were popular and, in 1939, John McEwan Hunter proposed that a sanitorium should be built there to better allow people to improve their "rheumatism, arthritis, uritus, digestion, nerves and general health".

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, the locality of Muckadilla had a population of 58 people.

In the 2021 census, the locality of Muckadilla had a population of 38 people.

## Education

There are no schools in Muckadilla with Muckadilla State School being mothballed on 31 December 2008 and closed in 2009. The nearest government primary schools are Roma State College in Roma to the east, Mitchell State School in Mitchell to the west, and Dunkeld State School in Dunkeld to the south-west. The nearest government secondary schools are Mitchell State School (to Year 10) and Roma State College (to Year 12).

## Amenities

The town has a hotel motel and a community hall.

Muckadilla is one of the towns listed in the first verse of *I've Been Everywhere*.

## Further reading

Media related to Muckadilla, Queensland at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Muckadilla
Queensland | |
| --- | --- |
| Welcome sign on Warrego Highway | |
| Muckadilla | |
| Coordinates | 26°35′11″S 148°23′12″E / 26.5863°S 148.3866°E / -26.5863; 148.3866 (Muckadilla (town centre)) |
| Population | 38 (2021 census) |
| • Density | 0.1572/km2 (0.407/sq mi) |
| Postcode(s) | 4461 |
| Area | 241.8 km2 (93.4 sq mi) |
| Time zone | AEST (UTC+10:00) |
| Location |  |
| LGA(s) | Maranoa Region |
| State electorate(s) | Warrego |
| Federal division(s) | Maranoa |
| **Localities around Muckadilla:**  Eurella Mount Bindango Mount Bindango  Eurella Muckadilla Mount Abundance  Eurella Mount Abundance Mount Abundance | |


title: John Taylor Douglas

abstract: John Taylor Douglas was a farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Rosetown from 1944 to 1960 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) member. He was born in Cumberland, Ontario, the son of John Douglas and Anne Welch, was educated there and came west with his family in 1906, settling in the Laura district of Saskatchewan. Douglas studied agriculture at the University of Saskatchewan and went on to farm near Laura. He was campaign manager for Major James Coldwell in 1935, when Coldwell was elected to the Canadian House of Commons for the CCF. He married Eva Hopkins in 1940. In 1941, Douglas became provincial organizer for the CCF. He unsuccessfully challenged Liberal MLA Neil McVicar in Rosetown at the 1938 general election, but was elected in 1944 He served in the provincial cabinet as Minister of Highways and Transportation and as Minister of Public Works. Douglas retired from politics in 1960.

text:
# John Taylor Douglas

**John Taylor Douglas** (October 28, 1892  February 19, 1976) was a farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Rosetown from 1944 to 1960 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) member.

He was born in Cumberland, Ontario, the son of John Douglas and Anne Welch, was educated there and came west with his family in 1906, settling in the Laura district of Saskatchewan. Douglas studied agriculture at the University of Saskatchewan and went on to farm near Laura.

He was campaign manager for Major James Coldwell in 1935, when Coldwell was elected to the Canadian House of Commons for the CCF. He married Eva Hopkins in 1940. In 1941, Douglas became provincial organizer for the CCF.

He unsuccessfully challenged Liberal MLA Neil McVicar in Rosetown at the 1938 general election, but was elected in 1944

He served in the provincial cabinet as Minister of Highways and Transportation and as Minister of Public Works. Douglas retired from politics in 1960.


title: Maya Ackerman

abstract: Margareta Ackerman is a Belarussian-American computer scientist known for her research in cluster analysis and algorithmic composition of music. She is an assistant professor of computer science and engineering at Santa Clara University, and the founder and CEO of algorithmic music firm WaveAI.

text:
# Maya Ackerman

**Margareta** **Ackerman** is a Belarussian-American computer scientist known for her research in cluster analysis and algorithmic composition of music. She is an assistant professor of computer science and engineering at Santa Clara University, and the founder and CEO of algorithmic music firm WaveAI.

## Early life and education

Ackerman was born in Gomel, USSR. She moved with her family to Afula, Israel in 1990, when she was seven years old, and five years later moved again to Canada. She was a student of computer science at the University of Waterloo, earning a bachelor's degree in 2006, master's degree in 2007, and Ph.D. in 2012. Her dissertation, supervised by Shai Ben-David, was *Towards Theoretical Foundations of Clustering*.

## Academic career

After postdoctoral research at the California Institute of Technology and the University of California, San Diego, Ackerman joined the faculty of Florida State University in 2014. She moved to San Jose State University in 2016, and to Santa Clara University in 2017.

## Contributions

Ackerman is the co-creator of ALYSIA, an artificially intelligent system for creating pop music tunes. She founded the company WaveAI in 2017 to commercialize this technology.

She is also the author of Running from Giants: The Holocaust Through the Eyes of a Child, a self-published book about her grandfather, a Polish-born holocaust survivor.


title: Murray v Minister of Defence

abstract: Murray v Minister of Defence is an important case in South African labour law. An appeal from a decision in the Cape Provincial Division by Yekiso J, it was heard in the Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) on 18 February 2008. Mpati DP, Cameron JA, Mlambo JA, Combrinck JA and Cachalia JA presided, handing down judgment on 31 March. Counsel for the appellant was KPCO von Lieres und Wilkau SC; NJ Treurnicht SC appeared for the respondent. The appellant's attorneys were Van der Spuy Attorneys, Cape Town, and Hill McHardy & Herbst Ing, Bloemfontein. The respondent was represented by the State Attorney, Cape Town, and the State Attorney, Bloemfontein. The court found that the right to fair labour practices, in section 23(1) of the Constitution, imports into the common-law contract of employment the general term that the employer will not, without reasonable and proper cause, conduct itself in a manner calculated and likely to destroy or seriously damage its relationship of confidence and trust with its employee. The court thus imposed "a new general and contractual obligation on employers"—a duty of fair dealing with employees. In this the court had broken with the much-criticised common-law rule that "an employer is free to terminate the contract at any stage, for any reason or indeed for no reason or the worst possible reason, provided only that the requisite notice is given." The contract of employment, therefore, may now be relied upon where there is an overlap with section 186(2) of the Labour Relations Act (LRA), or where that section does not provide for a remedy. The court also considered what constitutes constructive dismissal: that is to say, broadly speaking, resignation due to intolerable conditions at work. It found that, although certain employees are not recognised as such for the purposes of the LRA, the constitutional right to fair labour practices is nevertheless applicable to them, and that the common-law contract of employment now includes protection against constructive dismissal. The employee had a contractual right not to be dismissed. It was also held that, for a successful claim based on constructive dismissal, the employer must not only be responsible for the circumstances which induce the employee to resign; it must also be to blame for those circumstances.

text:
# Murray v Minister of Defence

***Murray v Minister of Defence*** is an important case in South African labour law. An appeal from a decision in the Cape Provincial Division by Yekiso J, it was heard in the Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) on 18 February 2008. Mpati DP, Cameron JA, Mlambo JA, Combrinck JA and Cachalia JA presided, handing down judgment on 31 March. Counsel for the appellant was KPCO von Lieres und Wilkau SC (with RB Engela); NJ Treurnicht SC (with AC Oosthuizen SC) appeared for the respondent. The appellant's attorneys were Van der Spuy Attorneys, Cape Town, and Hill McHardy & Herbst Ing, Bloemfontein. The respondent was represented by the State Attorney, Cape Town, and the State Attorney, Bloemfontein.

The court found that the right to fair labour practices, in section 23(1) of the Constitution, imports into the common-law contract of employment the general term that the employer will not, without reasonable and proper cause, conduct itself in a manner calculated and likely to destroy or seriously damage its relationship of confidence and trust with its employee. The court thus imposed "a new general and contractual obligation on employers"—a duty of fair dealing with employees. In this the court had broken with the much-criticised common-law rule that "an employer is free to terminate the contract at any stage, for any reason or indeed for no reason or the worst possible reason, provided only that the requisite notice is given." The contract of employment, therefore, may now be relied upon where there is an overlap with section 186(2) of the Labour Relations Act (LRA), or where that section does not provide for a remedy.

The court also considered what constitutes constructive dismissal: that is to say, broadly speaking, resignation due to intolerable conditions at work. It found that, although certain employees are not recognised as such for the purposes of the LRA, the constitutional right to fair labour practices is nevertheless applicable to them, and that the common-law contract of employment now includes protection against constructive dismissal. The employee had a contractual right not to be dismissed. It was also held that, for a successful claim based on constructive dismissal, the employer must not only be responsible for the circumstances which induce the employee to resign; it must also be to blame for those circumstances.

## Facts

Murray instituted action in the High Court in which he claimed damages for loss of income consequent upon his alleged constructive dismissal from the South African Navy, because its "continual unfair and ill-treatment" of him over a period of some two and a half years had left him with no alternative but to resign from his post. The Navy's response to the operational conundrum involving the appellant had been to offer him, immediately prior to his resignation, an alternative post at Naval Headquarters in Pretoria. The Navy made no effort, however, to explain the job to the appellant, and so he rejected the offer.

Had Murray been covered by the LRA, he would have had specific remedies in terms of the Act. As the Act does not apply to members of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF), however, he relied on purely contractual grounds when he approached the High Court.

The High Court found that the employment relationship had not broken down irretrievably and that none of the appellant's complaints had rendered his position intolerable or caused him to resign, and accordingly dismissed the action.

## Judgment

On appeal to the SCA, Cameron JA held—and Mpati DP, Mlambo JA, Combrinck JA and Cachalia JA concurred—that, since the LRA expressly excluded members of the SANDF from its operation, there was no directly applicable statute to the present set of circumstances. Section 23(1) of the Constitution, which guaranteed everyone "the right to fair labour practices," did, however, cover members of the defence force. Consistent with that right, Cameron broadened the common law of employment so as to impose a duty of fair dealing with their employees on all employers, including those not covered by the LRA. In addition to the right to fair labour practices, Cameron found that Murray was entitled to rely on his right to dignity and his contractual rights.

Cameron held further that South African employment law implied into a contract of employment a general term that the employer would not, without reasonable and proper cause, conduct itself in a manner calculated and likely to destroy or seriously damage the relationship of confidence and trust with the employee. Breach of the term would amount to a contractual repudiation justifying the employee in resigning and claiming compensation for dismissal.

Viewed, in the alternative, through the constitutional standard, the constitutional guarantee of fair labour practices, Cameron found, continued to cover a non-LRA employee who resigned because of intolerable conduct by his employer, and to offer protection through the constitutionally-developed common law. If it was thus found that unfair conduct by the navy had forced the appellant to resign, he would be entitled to damages for dismissal.

Cameron determined that the mere fact that an employee had resigned because his work had become intolerable was not enough to make it a constructive dismissal. The critical circumstances had to have been of the employer's making; in addition, the employer had to be to blame, culpably responsible in some way, for the intolerable conditions. The conduct had to have lacked "reasonable and proper cause."

There could be little doubt in Cameron's mind that, when the appellant had resigned his position at work, it had been intolerable. There was equally little doubt that this was because of the navy's conduct. The question, then, was whether or not the navy had had reasonable and proper cause for what it did in making the appellant's position intolerable, or (viewed through the constitutional standard) whether it had acted fairly in making his position intolerable. Was the navy to blame, in other words?

Cameron held, on the evidence before him, that the Navy had established in most respects that its management of the appellant's employment was substantially fair. Only in one respect was it unfair: its decision to downgrade the appellant's post without first consulting with him.

The answer to the appellant's action lay in the navy's offer of an alternative post to the appellant immediately prior to his resignation. Given the background of the appellant's case, the Navy could not be faulted for not returning the appellant to his original post. In the particular circumstances, however, the law clearly placed a duty on the employer to consult fully with the employee affected and to share information to enable him to make informed decisions. The navy, noted Cameron, had not fulfilled that responsibility: Explaining the job offer was anything but superfluous, since it was an entirely new position, and in addition the appellant's subjective condition of suspicion, demoralisation and depression, which was evident to those dealing with him, was materially relevant to how the navy was required by fairness to deal with him. His condition meant that an unexplained offer of a new post was likely to be rejected. The lack of explanation, follow-up and elucidation did not constitute fair dealing. The navy had breached its common-law duty to treat Murray fairly, thus rendering his resignation a constructive dismissal.

Had the navy adequately and fairly explained the post to the appellant, and the backup it offered, his position would not, Cameron found, have been intolerable. Its failure to do so meant that the operating cause of the appellant's resignation was the navy's conduct. The appeal, accordingly, had to be upheld. The order of the court *a quo* was set aside and replaced with an order declaring that the plaintiff was entitled to such compensation as he might prove for his constructive dismissal by the defendant. The decision in *Murray v Minister of Defence* was thus reversed.

## Legacy

*Murray* was followed in *Daymon Worldwide SA Inc. v CCMA and Others*, where the Labour Court found that a company had done what it could to assist a woman who had resigned because she had allegedly been sexually harassed. In *Mogothle v Premier, Northwest Province*, the Labour Court relied on the employer's duty of fair dealing with employees to find the suspension of an employee unfair not in terms of section 186 of the LRA, but rather in terms of the common law.

### Books

* AC Basson and MA Christianson *Essential Labour Law* 5 ed (2009).
* MSM Brassey *The New Labour Law* (1987).
* J Grogan *Workplace Law* 10 ed (2012).
* *Juta's Statutes of South Africa* 2007/8 vol 4.
* *Juta's Statutes of South Africa* 2007/8 vol 5.

### Case law

### Statutes


title: Robert H. Hammond

abstract: Robert Hanna Hammond was an American politician who served two terms as a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania from 1837 to 1841.

text:
# Robert H. Hammond

**Robert Hanna Hammond** (April 28, 1791 – June 2, 1847) was an American politician who served two terms as a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania from 1837 to 1841.

## Biography

Robert Hanna Hammond was born in Milton, Pennsylvania. He was a member of the state militia, with the rank of brigadier general.

### Military service

He enlisted in the United States Army as a lieutenant in 1817.

### Public service

He resigned and returned to Milton to serve as register and recorder of Northumberland County, Pennsylvania. He served as postmaster of Milton from 1833 to 1837.

### Congress

Hammond was elected as a Democrat to the twenty-fifth and twenty-sixth congresses.

### Later career

He reentered the Army and was commissioned paymaster during the Mexican–American War. He was wounded and ordered home on sick leave.

### Death and burial

He died at sea before reaching port in 1847. Interment in Milton Cemetery in Milton, Pennsylvania.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "Robert H. Hammond (id: H000132)". *Biographical Directory of the United States Congress*.

## InfoBox

| Robert H. Hammond | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Pennsylvania's 16th district | |
| **In office**
March 4, 1837  March 3, 1841 | |
| Preceded by | Joseph Biles Anthony |
| Succeeded by | John Snyder |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Robert Hanna Hammond
(1791-04-28)April 28, 1791
Milton, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | June 2, 1847(1847-06-02) (aged 56)
At-sea |
| Resting place | Milton Cemetery |
| Political party | Democratic |
|  | |


title: Hathor 21

abstract: Hathor 20 – Coptic calendar – Hathor 22 The twenty-first day of the Coptic month of Hathor, the third month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to November 17, of the Julian calendar, and November 30, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence. This day falls in the Nativity Fast.

text:
# Hathor 21

Hathor 20Coptic calendarHathor 22

The twenty-first day of the Coptic month of Hathor, the third month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to November 17, of the Julian calendar, and November 30, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence. This day falls in the Nativity Fast.

## Commemorations

### Feasts

### Saints

### Other commemorations

1. Synaxarion, Hathor 21, Coptic Reader.
2. "Fasts & Feasts – St. Demiana Coptic Orthodox Church of San Antonio". Retrieved 2022-11-02.
3. "Hator 21 : Lives of Saints : Synaxarium". *CopticChurch.net*. Retrieved 2022-11-02.
4. Egypt, Michael Ghaly-. "21 Hatour – Hatur Month – Coptic Synaxarium (Coptic Orthodox Calendar: Daily Synaxarion)". *St-Takla.org*. Retrieved 2022-11-02.
5. *Coptic Synaxarium* (PDF). Saint George Coptic Orthodox Church. 1995.


title: Neoregelia abendrothae

abstract: Neoregelia abendrothae is a species of flowering plant of plant in the genus Neoregelia. This species is endemic to Brazil.

text:
# Neoregelia abendrothae

***Neoregelia abendrothae*** is a species of flowering plant of plant in the genus *Neoregelia*. This species is endemic to Brazil.

## Cultivars

* *Neoregelia* 'Purple Princess'

* Martinelli, Gustavo; Vieira, Cláudia Magalhães; Gonzalez, Marcos; Leitman, Paula; Piratininga, Andréa; Costa, Andrea Ferreira da; Forzza, Rafaela Campostrini (January 2008). "Bromeliaceae da Mata Atlântica Brasileira: lista de espécies, distribuição e conservação" \[Bromeliaceae of the brazilian Atlantic Forest: checklist, distribution and conservation\]. *Rodriguésia* (in Brazilian Portuguese). **59** (1): 209–258. doi:10.1590/2175-7860200859114. JSTOR 23499386.
* BSI Cultivar Registry Retrieved 11 October 2009

## InfoBox

| *Neoregelia abendrothae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Bromeliaceae |
| Genus: | *Neoregelia* |
| Subgenus: | *Neoregelia subg. Neoregelia* |
| Species: | ***N. abendrothae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Neoregelia abendrothae***<br>L.B.Sm. | |
|


title: Phaeochlaena amazonica

abstract: Phaeochlaena amazonica is a moth of the family Notodontidae first described by Herbert Druce in 1899. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil and Venezuela.

text:
# Phaeochlaena amazonica

***Phaeochlaena amazonica*** is a moth of the family Notodontidae first described by Herbert Druce in 1899. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil and Venezuela.

* Miller, James S. (2009). "Generic revision of the Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 1: Dioptini". *Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History*. **321** (2): 1–676. doi:10.1206/321.1. hdl:2246/5978. S2CID 86824329.

## InfoBox

| *Phaeochlaena amazonica* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Notodontidae |
| Genus: | *Phaeochlaena* |
| Species: | ***P. amazonica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phaeochlaena amazonica***<br>H. Druce, 1899 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Campylona brunnea* Warren, 1904 | |


title: Mount Zwischen

abstract: Mount Zwischen is a prominent mountain summit in the Sangre de Cristo Range of the Rocky Mountains of North America. The 12,011-foot (3,661 m) peak is located 32.1 miles (51.6 km) northeast of the City of Alamosa, Colorado, United States, on the drainage divide separating the Great Sand Dunes Wilderness in Great Sand Dunes National Preserve and Huerfano County from the Sangre de Cristo Wilderness in San Isabel National Forest and Saguache County.

text:
# Mount Zwischen

**Mount Zwischen** is a prominent mountain summit in the Sangre de Cristo Range of the Rocky Mountains of North America. The 12,011-foot (3,661 m) peak is located 32.1 miles (51.6 km) northeast (bearing 46°) of the City of Alamosa, Colorado, United States, on the drainage divide separating the Great Sand Dunes Wilderness in Great Sand Dunes National Preserve and Huerfano County from the Sangre de Cristo Wilderness in San Isabel National Forest and Saguache County.

## Mountain

The mountain's name means 'between' in German, and the mountain lies between Mosca Pass to the south and Medano Pass to the north. But it also lies between several other geographical pairs. For example, it lies between the Rio Grande National Forest on the west and the San Isabel National Forest to the east. Its west side is in Saguache County and its east side is in Huerfano County.

A lightning-caused wildfire — the Medano Fire — burned 6,000 acres (2,400 ha) on and around the mountain's slopes in 2010.

## Historical names

* Green Mountain
* **Mount Zwischen** – 1970

## InfoBox

| Mount Zwischen | |
| --- | --- |
| East aspect | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 12,011 ft (3,661 m) |
| Prominence | 2,266 ft (691 m) |
| Isolation | 4.44 mi (7.15 km) |
| Listing | Colorado prominent summits |
| Coordinates | 37°47′28″N 105°27′19″W / 37.7912185°N 105.4554033°W / 37.7912185; -105.4554033 |
| Geography | |
| Mount Zwischen**Colorado** | |
| Location | Huerfano and Saguache counties, Colorado, United States |
| Parent range | Sangre de Cristo Range |
| Topo map | USGS 7.5' topographic map<br>Medano Pass, Colorado |


title: John Turn Farm

abstract: John Turn Farm is a historic farm complex located in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area at Middle Smithfield Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania, USA. The complex includes the lime kiln, smoke house and weave house. The property also includes the site of the demolished main farmhouse, a smaller house, a barn and garage. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

text:
# John Turn Farm

**John Turn Farm** is a historic farm complex located in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area at Middle Smithfield Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania, USA. The complex includes the lime kiln, smoke house and weave house. The property also includes the site of the demolished main farmhouse, a smaller house, a barn and garage.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| John Turn Farm | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| John Turn Farm barn, HABS photo, 1970 | |
|  | |
| Location | Northeast of Stroudsburg, Middle Smithfield Township, Pennsylvania |
| Coordinates | 41°3′30″N 75°1′25″W / 41.05833°N 75.02361°W / 41.05833; -75.02361 |
| Area | 6 acres (2.4 ha) |
| Built by | Turn, John, Sr. |
| NRHP reference No. | 79000249 |
| Added to NRHP | July 23, 1979 |


title: Mazzei v. Commissioner

abstract: Mazzei v. Commissioner, 61 T.C. 497 (1974), was a United States Tax Court case in which the Court ruled that a taxpayer could not consider $20,000 lost to a fraudulent counterfeiting scheme as a basis for a deduction under section 165(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code ("Code").

text:
# Mazzei v. Commissioner

***Mazzei v. Commissioner***, 61 T.C. 497 (1974), was a United States Tax Court case in which the Court ruled that a taxpayer could not consider $20,000 lost to a fraudulent counterfeiting scheme as a basis for a deduction under section 165(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code ("Code").

## Background

Raymond Mazzei, the petitioner, operated a sheet metal company in Hopewell, Virginia. An employee introduced the petitioner to several individuals who claimed to be in possession of a machine capable of reproducing U.S. currency. The petitioner agreed to provide $100 bills to the counterfeiters to be used in the reproduction process. Upon completion of the process, the bills (and presumably some compensation) were to be returned to Mazzei.

To further this scheme, he acquired $20,000 in $100 bills and brought them to New York City to meet with the counterfeiters. While meeting with the counterfeiters at an apartment, two armed men claiming to be law enforcement officers entered and took the money at gunpoint.

The petitioner found a legitimate police officer shortly thereafter but was unable to secure the return of the $20,000. The police discovered that the "counterfeiting device" was nothing more than a black box incapable of reproducing currency.

The petitioner took a deduction of $19,900 (the first $100 of a section 165(c)(3) loss is not deductible) on his federal income tax return under section 165(c)(2) or (3) of the Code. The IRS issued a notice of deficiency, informing the petitioner that the loss lacked adequate substantiation, and that even were the loss substantiated, allowing the deduction would contradict public policy.

Section 165(c)(2) allows a deduction for "losses incurred in any transaction entered into for profit, though not connected with a trade or business", and section 165(c)(3) allows a deduction for losses not incurred in connection with a business or income-producing venture, which "arise from fire, storm, shipwreck, or other casualty, *or from theft*".

## Tax Court Holding

The Tax Court found that the $20,000 loss was substantiated by the evidence presented, but ultimately ruled against petitioner on grounds of public policy. A strict interpretation of section 165(c)(3) places no restrictions on the allowance of deductions for theft losses. However, the court was bound by the public policy declared in *Richey v. Commissioner*, 33 T.C. 272 (1959).

In *Richey*, a factually-similar case in which the taxpayer also provided currency for a counterfeiting scheme, the taxpayer actually assisted with some of the chores involved with the "counterfeiting process" before he realized that his cash had been stolen. The Tax Court found that petitioner, therefore, "was part and parcel of the attempt to duplicate the money" and "to allow the loss deduction in the instant case would constitute a severe and immediate frustration of the clearly defined policy against counterfeiting…".

In *Mazzei*, the court reasoned that petitioner's act of participating in a conspiracy to produce counterfeit currency fell clearly within the public policy declared in *Richey*. Petitioner attempted to distinguish the instant case from *Richey* by arguing that the *Richey* taxpayer directly participated in chores contributing to a scheme which was capable of actually reproduce currency. On the other hand, in the instant case, petitioner merely provided the cash to a sham scheme which lacked the capacity to reproduce currency. The court rejected this argument, finding that although petitioner did not participate in the counterfeiting "process" in the same capacity as the *Richey* taxpayer, his actions did constitute a conspiracy in violation of U.S. law.

## InfoBox

| Mazzei v. Commissioner | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Court | United States Tax Court |
| Full case name | *Mazzei v. Commissioner* |
| Decided | January 23, 1974 (1974-01-23) |
| Citation | 61 T.C. 497 (1974) |
| Court membership | |
| Judges sitting | William H. Quealy, Howard Dawson, William Miller Drennen, Arnold Raum, Featherston, Bruce Forrester, Sterrett, Hall, Darrell D. Wiles |
| Case opinions | |
| Decision by | Quealy |
| Concurrence | Dawson, joined by Drennen |
| Concurrence | Tannenwald, joined by Dawson, Raum |
| Dissent | Featherston, joined by Forrester, Sterrett, Hall |
| Dissent | Sterrett, joined by Forrester, Featherston, Hall, Wiles |
| Laws applied | |
| Internal Revenue Code | |


title: Mujtaba Hussain Siddiqui

abstract: Mujtaba Hussain Siddiqui known as Imran is an Orator. He is the founder of Islamic Research and Educational Foundation at Hyderabad, and is rarely known to be a student of Ahmed Deedat. Imran was inspired by Ahmed Deedat after watching his debates in Riyadh.

text:
# Mujtaba Hussain Siddiqui

**Mujtaba Hussain Siddiqui** known as  **Imran** is an Orator . He is the founder of Islamic Research and Educational Foundation at Hyderabad, and is rarely known to be a student of Ahmed Deedat. Imran was inspired by Ahmed Deedat after watching his debates in Riyadh.

## Early life

Brother Imran was born and brought up in the surroundings of Himmat Pura Anand Basti, and at a very young age he has excelled in studies and attained good command over English Language.

## Controversy

Brother Imran was charged with false allegations that he made a sacrilegious remarks against the beloved grandsons of Prophet Muhammed by Shiites, he was sent to police remand and later on released after Telangana police reviewed his lecture and concluded that he did not make any statement which hurt the feelings of any sect.


title: Murray v Leisureplay plc

abstract: Murray v Leisureplay plc [2005] EWCA Civ 963 is an English contract law case, concerning the termination of an agreement and penalty clauses.

text:
# Murray v Leisureplay plc

***Murray v Leisureplay plc*** \[2005\] EWCA Civ 963 is an English contract law case, concerning the termination of an agreement and penalty clauses.

## Facts

An employment contract said ‘in the event of wrongful termination by way of liquidated damages the company shall forthwith pay to the Executive a sum equal to one year’s gross salary, pension contributions and other benefits in kind.’ Leisureplay plc claimed that the bonus should be void as a penalty clause.

In the High Court, Burnton J held it was penal because no account was taken of the Executive’s duty to mitigate his loss.

## Judgment

The Court of Appeal held that the bonus was valid. Arden LJ held the clause was ‘generous’ but still liquidated damages, as it was not ‘extravagant or unconscionable’.

*

## InfoBox

| Murray v Leisureplay plc | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Court | Court of Appeal of England and Wales |
| Citations | \[2005\] EWCA Civ 963, \[2005\] IRLR 946 |
| Keywords | |
| Contract, remedies | |


title: Hapalomys

abstract:
Hapalomys is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae endemic to Southeast Asia. It is the only member of the tribe Hapalomyini. It contains the following species:
  - Delacour's marmoset rat
  - Marmoset rat
  - Suntsov's marmoset rat, a Vietnamese endemic recently described from Binh Phuoc Province, southern Vietnam †Hapalomys gracilis

text:
# Hapalomys

***Hapalomys*** is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae endemic to Southeast Asia. It is the only member of the tribe **Hapalomyini**. It contains the following species:

*Hapalomys gracilis* (fossil species)

## InfoBox

| *Hapalomys*
Temporal range: Late Pliocene to Recent | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| adult male *Hapalomys suntsovi* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Rodentia |
| Family: | Muridae |
| Subfamily: | Murinae |
| Tribe: | Hapalomyini
Pagès *et al.*, 2015 |
| Genus: | *Hapalomys*
Blyth, 1859 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Hapalomys longicaudatus*
 | |
| Species | |
| *Hapalomys delacouri*
*Hapalomys longicaudatus*
*Hapalomys suntsovi* *Hapalomys gracilis* | |


title: Hathor 20

abstract: Hathor 19 – Coptic calendar – Hathor 21 The twentieth day of the Coptic month of Hathor, the third month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to November 16, of the Julian calendar, and November 29, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence. This day falls in the Nativity Fast.

text:
# Hathor 20

Hathor 19Coptic calendarHathor 21

The twentieth day of the Coptic month of Hathor, the third month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to November 16, of the Julian calendar, and November 29, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence. This day falls in the Nativity Fast.

## Commemorations

### Saints

### Other commemorations

* The consecration of the Churches of Saint Theodore of Shotb and Saint Theodore El-Mashriqi

1. Synaxarion, Hathor 20, Coptic Reader.
2. "Hator 20 : Lives of Saints : Synaxarium". *CopticChurch.net*. Retrieved 2022-11-02.
3. Egypt, Michael Ghaly-. "20 Hatour – Hatur Month – Coptic Synaxarium (Coptic Orthodox Calendar: Daily Synaxarion)". *St-Takla.org*. Retrieved 2022-11-02.
4. *Coptic Synaxarium* (PDF). Saint George Coptic Orthodox Church. 1995.


title: Neorastia

abstract: Neorastia is a monotypic snout moth genus described by Hans Georg Amsel in 1954. Its only species, described in the same publication, Neorastia albicostella, is known from Iran.

text:
# Neorastia

***Neorastia*** is a monotypic snout moth genus described by Hans Georg Amsel in 1954. Its only species, described in the same publication, *Neorastia albicostella***,** is known from Iran (including Bender Tchahbahar, the type location).

## InfoBox

| *Neorastia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Genus: | ***Neorastia***
Amsel, 1954 |
| Species: | ***N. albicostella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Neorastia albicostella***
Amsel, 1954 | |
|


title: Petar Đorđević Džoda

abstract: Petar Đorđević Džoda was a high-ranking commander (voivode) in Karađorđe's army during the First Serbian Uprising against the Ottoman Empire. He was killed in battle in 1813. Petar Đorđević Džoda was first a boluk-bashi before being promoted to the rank of voivode of Crna River. Voivode Petar Đorđević Džoda of Crni Timok district was a native of Stenjevac in the Ćuprija district. During the First Serbian Uprising, in 1809, the Voivode of Crna Reka, Petar Đorđević Džoda, defended the fortified Krivelj from the Turks for two months, which enabled the withdrawal of the Serbian army from Poreč and Timok too. That valiant action would garner him a promotion. Hajduk Veljko and Petar Đorđević Džoda, who was Veljko's subordinate, were once friends, but soon became rivals. It was during the time when Džoda was appointed duke of Vrazogrnac in 1811 that Hajduk Veljko, could not bear to see his former subordinate become equal in rank, publicly expressed his dismay and contempt for Džoda. That conflict between the two former friends spread among their units, affecting temporarily the morale of the men.

text:
# Petar Đorđević Džoda

**Petar Đorđević Džoda** (Serbian Cyrillic: **Петар Ђорђевић Џода**; c. 1780-1813) was a high-ranking commander (voivode) in Karađorđe's army during the First Serbian Uprising against the Ottoman Empire. He was killed in battle in 1813.

Petar Đorđević Džoda was first a boluk-bashi before being promoted to the rank of voivode of Crna River (*Crna Reka*).

Voivode Petar Đorđević Džoda of Crni Timok district was a native of Stenjevac in the Ćuprija district. During the First Serbian Uprising, in 1809, the Voivode of Crna Reka, Petar Đorđević Džoda, defended the fortified Krivelj from the Turks for two months, which enabled the withdrawal of the Serbian army from Poreč and Timok too. That valiant action would garner him a promotion.

Hajduk Veljko and Petar Đorđević Džoda, who was Veljko's subordinate, were once friends, but soon became rivals. It was during the time when Džoda was appointed duke of Vrazogrnac in 1811 that Hajduk Veljko, could not bear to see his former subordinate become equal in rank, publicly expressed his dismay and contempt for Džoda. That conflict between the two former friends spread among their units, affecting temporarily the morale of the men.

## Sources


title: Phaeochlaena bicolor

abstract: Phaeochlaena bicolor is a moth of the family Notodontidae first described by Heinrich Benno Möschler in 1877. It is found in Suriname, French Guiana, Colombia and Ecuador.

text:
# Phaeochlaena bicolor

***Phaeochlaena bicolor*** is a moth of the family Notodontidae first described by Heinrich Benno Möschler in 1877. It is found in Suriname, French Guiana, Colombia and Ecuador.

* Miller, James S. (2009). "Generic revision of the Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 1: Dioptini". *Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History*. **321** (2): 1–676. hdl:2246/5978.

## InfoBox

| *Phaeochlaena bicolor* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Notodontidae |
| Genus: | *Phaeochlaena* |
| Species: | ***P. bicolor*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phaeochlaena bicolor***<br>(Möschler, 1877) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Campylona bicolor* Moschler, 1877 * *Campylona costidentata* Dognin, 1908 | |


title: Mount Zulia

abstract:
Mount Zulia is in the Karamoja region in the north-east of Uganda in the Kidepo Valley National Park. Mount Morungole and the Labwor and Dodoth Hills, which reach heights in excess of 2,000 metres (6,600 ft), are nearby.
Mount Zulia is 2,149 metres (7,051 ft) high. The Toposa people of Eastern Equatoria say that they originated in the Lotholia Mountains, moving away during a severe drought that killed both people and animals.
The forests of the mountain are partly protected by the Mount Zulia Forest Reserve.

text:
# Mount Zulia

**Mount Zulia** (or Lotholia) is in the Karamoja region in the north-east of Uganda in the Kidepo Valley National Park. Mount Morungole and the Labwor and Dodoth Hills, which reach heights in excess of 2,000 metres (6,600 ft), are nearby. Mount Zulia is 2,149 metres (7,051 ft) high.

The Toposa people of Eastern Equatoria say that they originated in the Lotholia Mountains, moving away during a severe drought that killed both people and animals. The forests of the mountain are partly protected by the Mount Zulia Forest Reserve.

## InfoBox

| Mount Zulia | |
| --- | --- |
| Mount Zulia | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 2,149 m (7,051 ft) |
| Listing | Mountains of Uganda |
| Coordinates | 4°07′26″N 33°59′04″E / 4.124°N 33.9845°E / 4.124; 33.9845 |
| Geography | |
| Country | Uganda |
| Region | Karamoja |
| Protected area | Kidepo Valley National Park |


title: John Victor Morais

abstract: John Victor Morais S.B.St.J also known as J. Victor Morais (1910–1991) was a Malaysian writer, journalist and managing director of several newspapers. He was also known as the editor and publisher of the biannual directory Who's Who in Malaysia and Singapore, which was first published as The Leaders of Malaya and who's who in 1956. It was a successor of Who's Who in Malaya, which stopped to publish for about 30 years until the birth of Morais's Who's Who.

text:
# John Victor Morais

**John Victor Morais** S.B.St.J also known as **J. Victor Morais** (1910–1991) was a Malaysian writer, journalist and managing director of several newspapers. He was also known as the editor and publisher of the biannual directory *Who's Who in Malaysia and Singapore* (ISSN 0303-6928, ISSN 0083-9620, OCLC 50350748 and OCLC 614945506), which was first published as *The Leaders of Malaya and who's who* in 1956. It was a successor of *Who's Who in Malaya*, which stopped to publish for about 30 years until the birth of Morais's *Who's Who*.

## Biography

Morais was the publisher of *The Perak Times* in Ipoh, Perak and other location, during the Japanese occupation of Malaya. After the war, he worked for several newspaper, such as *Malaya Tribune* and \[unknown location\] *Daily News*.

### Political career

In 1948, Morais was also appointed as an unofficial member of the Perak State Executive Council.


title: Mazzaspitz

abstract: The Mazzaspitz is a mountain of the Oberhalbstein Alps, overlooking Juf in the canton of Graubünden. It lies south of Piz Platta, on the range between the valley of Avers and the Val Bercla.

text:
# Mazzaspitz

The **Mazzaspitz** (3,164 m) is a mountain of the Oberhalbstein Alps, overlooking Juf in the canton of Graubünden. It lies south of Piz Platta, on the range between the valley of Avers and the Val Bercla.

## InfoBox

| Piz Polaschin | |
| --- | --- |
| Piz PolaschinLocation in Switzerland | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 3,164 m (10,381 ft) |
| Prominence | 247 m (810 ft) |
| Parent peak | Piz Platta |
| Coordinates | 46°27′54″N 9°34′26″E / 46.46500°N 9.57389°E / 46.46500; 9.57389 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Graubünden, Switzerland |
| Parent range | Oberhalbstein Alps |


title: Museo Benini

abstract: Museo Benini is a single-artist museum dedicated to the work of Italian artist Benini, born in Imola in the Emilia-Romagna region in 1941. It is in the Texas Hill Country, 47 miles northwest of Austin, Texas which is the home of two other single-artist museums: the Elisabet Ney Museum and the Umlauf Sculpture Garden and Museum. The museum, as well as a compound of other buildings, is set in 35 acres just south of the city of Marble Falls. Built in 2015, Museo Benini showcases the contemporary artist's lifetime work, featuring paintings spanning more than sixty years. On exhibit are his early "superroses", geometric paintings, and more recent works of an abstract nature. In her April 2020 article for Sightlines magazine, Austin arts writer Barbara Purcell noted, "Museo Benini is the rare single artist museum where the artist is still alive and working." In her article for Glasstire magazine in August 2020, A Visit to Museo Benini in Marble Falls, Purcell states, "Entering the museum is like entering a church..."

text:
# Museo Benini

**Museo Benini** is a single-artist museum dedicated to the work of Italian artist Benini, born in Imola in the Emilia-Romagna region in 1941. It is in the Texas Hill Country, 47 miles northwest of Austin, Texas which is the home of two other single-artist museums: the Elisabet Ney Museum and the Umlauf Sculpture Garden and Museum. The museum, as well as a compound of other buildings, is set in 35 acres just south of the city of Marble Falls.

Built in 2015, Museo Benini showcases the contemporary artist's lifetime work, featuring paintings spanning more than sixty years. On exhibit are his early "superroses", geometric paintings, and more recent works of an abstract nature. In her April 2020 article for *Sightlines* magazine, Austin arts writer Barbara Purcell noted, "Museo Benini is the rare single artist museum where the artist is still alive and working." In her article for *Glasstire* magazine in August 2020, *A Visit to Museo Benini in Marble Falls*, Purcell states, "Entering the museum is like entering a church..."

30°32′51″N 98°13′54″W / 30.54750°N 98.23167°W / 30.54750; -98.23167


title: Hapalonoma argyracta

abstract: Hapalonoma argyracta is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1914. It is found in Guyana. The wingspan is 9–10 mm. The forewings are white or ochreous whitish, with some scattered dark fuscous scales and with a blackish streak along the basal third of the costa and elongate blackish costal marks beyond the middle and at three-fourths, the latter edged beneath with ferruginous. There is a dark fuscous dot above middle of the disc, sometimes with some dark suffusion around it. Some variable dark fuscous suffusion or irroration is found towards the dorsum and there is a silvery-metallic subdentate submarginal line around the posterior part of the costa and termen, preceded by an angulated whitish line and then by a band of light brownish suffusion, with an interrupted black dash on the angle of the line, the costa and apex beyond this ferruginous. The hindwings are dark grey.

text:
# Hapalonoma argyracta

***Hapalonoma argyracta*** is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1914. It is found in Guyana.

The wingspan is 9–10 mm. The forewings are white or ochreous whitish, with some scattered dark fuscous scales and with a blackish streak along the basal third of the costa and elongate blackish costal marks beyond the middle and at three-fourths, the latter edged beneath with ferruginous. There is a dark fuscous dot above middle of the disc, sometimes with some dark suffusion around it. Some variable dark fuscous suffusion or irroration is found towards the dorsum and there is a silvery-metallic subdentate submarginal line around the posterior part of the costa and termen, preceded by an angulated whitish line and then by a band of light brownish suffusion, with an interrupted black dash on the angle of the line, the costa and apex beyond this ferruginous. The hindwings are dark grey.

## InfoBox

| *Hapalonoma argyracta* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Genus: | *Hapalonoma* |
| Species: | ***H. argyracta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hapalonoma argyracta***<br>Meyrick, 1914 | |
|


title: Harry Lipsig

abstract: Harry Havon Lipsig was an American trial lawyer. One of the nation's most prominent personal injury attorneys, he was known for his creative arguments and emotional appeals that convinced juries to award large sums of money to his clients.

text:
# Harry Lipsig

**Harry Havon Lipsig** (December 26, 1901 – August 11, 1995) was an American trial lawyer. One of the nation's most prominent personal injury attorneys, he was known for his creative arguments and emotional appeals that convinced juries to award large sums of money to his clients.

## Early life

Harry Havon Lipsig was born in Warsaw, Poland, on December 26, 1901, to David and Rose Lipsig. The family moved to New York when Harry was six, and his father took up work as a wholesale cigar dealer there. Harry worked as a law clerk and a bank teller during the day and attended Brooklyn Law School at night. He graduated in 1926 and subsequently went from one lawyer to the next asking them to give him their most challenging cases to try. He won nearly all of these cases, including his first—a 1926 lawsuit for property damage against the Yellow Cab Company.

Lipsig, whose specialty was the field of negligence law, became one of the nation's most prominent personal injury attorneys. Known as the "King of Torts", he garnered fame for what an obituary in *The New York Times* described as "his heart-wrenching courtroom depictions of the plight of accident victims and the huge jury awards his eloquence often elicited". A 1982 article reported that Lipsig had lost only four trials in the preceding twenty-five years. According to David Margolick, he "built his career on outrageousness" and was "someone who not only chased ambulances but did so flamboyantly. For thousands of accident victims, the first words out of their mouths after 'Ouch!' have been 'Harry Lipsig'." Lipsig operated on a contingency-fee model and generally received one-third of final awards; *Forbes* magazine estimated his 1988 income at $6 million (equivalent to $15,460,000 in 2023).

Lipsig frequently used creative strategies at trial. When a tourist visiting an Acapulco hotel was killed by a shark, he successfully sued the hotel on the theory that it had failed to warn guests that the garbage it had poured into the ocean could attract sharks. Lipsig argued that a man who had suffered a heart attack had been frightened to death by a car that had rolled onto his lawn; the jury agreed and awarded the man's family $740,000. He obtained damages on behalf of a sailor who had been bitten by a mosquito off the coast of Africa and had developed malaria, maintaining that the company had a duty to warn him of the risk. When an intoxicated New York police officer struck and killed a man with his car, Lipsig sued; attorneys for the city argued that the damages should be small since the victim was seventy-one years old and his future earnings would thus have been limited, but Lipsig, who at that point was eighty-seven, invoked his own age to argue that the victim, too, could have continued to earn money for many more years. The city agreed to settle for $1.25 million.

Some cases in which Lipsig was involved resulted in the development of major legal principles, for instance when he argued that the statute of limitations in medical malpractice cases should run from the point at which the malpractice was discovered rather than the point at which it occurred. He lost in two lower courts, but the New York Court of Appeals ultimately ruled in his favor. When an informant responsible for the apprehension of the bank robber Willie Sutton was murdered, Lipsig successfully sued the city of New York on behalf of his family, contending that the police were negligent for failing to protect him from the danger. He sued on behalf of a child who had run out from between parked vehicles into the rear wheels of a moving car; his argument that drivers rather than children are expected to be careful proved successful. Lipsig's actions provoked criticism from proponents of tort reform, such as the executive director of the American Tort Reform Association, who said: ''Harry Lipsig typifies the system where no one wins but the likes of Harry Lipsig. A few others win big with him. But society is hurt.'' Lipsig, in turn, firmly supported the awarding of large jury verdicts, saying "I never get more vicious than when I talk to people who criticize large verdicts when they have never spent a day with a cripple who is imprisoned for life in his living, but dead, body".

## Later life and death

Lipsig practiced law into his 90s. In the late 1980s, he angrily left his law firm, started a new one with a woman who later sued him, started a third law firm, and sued the partners from his original law firm over a dispute involving the roughly 60,000 Christmas cards that he sent out annually. Lipsig's hobbies included hosting a law-related talk show on local radio, contributing to the *New York Law Journal*, karate, and singing. He died on August 11, 1995, of heart disease in Manhattan.

## InfoBox

| Harry Lipsig | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1901-12-26)December 26, 1901
Warsaw, Poland |
| Died | August 11, 1995(1995-08-11) (aged 93)
Manhattan, New York, US |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Personal injury lawyer |


title: Petar Đurković

abstract: Petar Đurković was a Serbian astronomer known for discovering two asteroids in 1936 and 1940, respectively. One is named for the Serbian scientist Milutin Milanković, the other for Zvezdara, the hill in Belgrade where the Belgrade Astronomical Observatory is located. Asteroid 1555 Dejan, discovered by Fernand Rigaux, was named after Đurković's son.

text:
# Petar Đurković

Minor planets discovered: 2
| 1605 Milankovitch | 13 April 1936 | MPC |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1700 Zvezdara | 26 August 1940 | MPC |

**Petar Đurković** (Петар Ђурковић, 1908–1981) was a Serbian astronomer known for discovering two asteroids in 1936 and 1940, respectively. One is named for the Serbian scientist Milutin Milanković, the other for Zvezdara, the hill in Belgrade where the Belgrade Astronomical Observatory is located.

Asteroid 1555 Dejan, discovered by Fernand Rigaux, was named after Đurković's son (H 137).