title: Haemagogus

abstract: Haemagogus is a genus of mosquitoes in the dipteran family Culicidae. They mainly occur in Central America and northern South America, although some species inhabit forested areas of Brazil, and range as far as northern Argentina. In the Rio Grande Do Sul area of Brazil, one species, H. leucocelaenus, has been found carrying yellow fever virus. Several species have a distinct metallic sheen. Species of this genus are vectors in the transmission of sylvan or "jungle" yellow fever, which is often carried by monkeys in the forest canopies. Haemagogus species have also been found to carry the Mayaro virus and Ilheus virus. As these mosquitoes, in general, have relatively long lives, they can transmit viruses for long periods. They tend to live in the canopy of forests, where the female lays eggs in between layers of tree bark or in cut bamboo. The eggs adhere to the surface and when submerged by rain water develop into larvae.

text:
# Haemagogus

***Haemagogus*** is a genus of mosquitoes in the dipteran family Culicidae. They mainly occur in Central America and northern South America (including Trinidad), although some species inhabit forested areas of Brazil, and range as far as northern Argentina. In the Rio Grande Do Sul area of Brazil, one species, *H. leucocelaenus*, has been found carrying yellow fever virus. Several species have a distinct metallic sheen.

Species of this genus are vectors in the transmission of sylvan or "jungle" yellow fever, which is often carried by monkeys in the forest canopies. *Haemagogus* species have also been found to carry the Mayaro virus and Ilheus virus. As these mosquitoes, in general, have relatively long lives, they can transmit viruses for long periods.

They tend to live in the canopy of forests, where the female lays eggs in between layers of tree bark or in cut bamboo. The eggs adhere to the surface and when submerged by rain water develop into larvae.

## Species

## Yellow fever epidemics involving *Haemagogus* species

The discovery in 1953 by two scientists from the Trinidad Regional Virus Laboratory of a sick Red Howler monkey that was found to be suffering from yellow fever provided the first indication that yellow fever was still endemic in Trinidad although there had not been a case reliably reported from Trinidad since an outbreak in 1914. Blood specimens taken from over 4,500 humans in late 1953 and early 1954 and checked to detect the presence of a wide variety of known viruses showed that 15% had antibodies to the yellow fever virus. A form of the disease, termed "jungle yellow fever", was shown to be carried by Red Howler monkeys (*Alouatta seniculus insulanus* Elliot) that provided a continuous reservoir for the disease, which was then spread by the *Haemagogus s. spegazzini* mosquito which normally inhabits rainforest regions, both at ground level and in the treetops.

After government felling of large stands of native forest, yellow fever was isolated from a patient from Cumaca in the northern range in 1954. The infection soon spread to other humans and into the *Aedes aegypti* mosquito population, greatly increasing transmission. Warnings were made that an epidemic was imminent and Dr. Wilbur Downs and Dr. A. E. (Ted) Hill, a specialist in tropical medicine, began a program of inoculating health workers and stockpiling vaccine. Trinidad health authorities followed up with large-scale vaccination and intensive anti-*aegypti* measures including public education, regular inspection for breeding sites, and spraying of domestic residences with DDT. In spite of these measures, and the fact that an estimated 80% of the population of Port of Spain were immune to yellow fever and dengue, several more cases were soon reported. Most probably due to the health measures taken, it did not develop into a widespread epidemic in Trinidad itself.

An attempt was made to totally quarantine the island just before Christmas, 1954, but the disease spread to the nearby mainland of Venezuela and, from there, all the way to southern Mexico, probably killing several thousand people in the process.

In 1998 an epidemic of yellow fever killed many Howler monkeys near the city of Altamira, Pará in the eastern Amazon basin, in Brazil. The virus was isolated in specimens of *Haemagogus janthinomys* mosquitoes.

## Footnotes

* *The Arthropod-borne Viruses of Vertebrates: An Account of The Rockefeller Foundation Virus program 1951-1970.* 1973. Max Theiler and W. G. Downs. Yale University. ISBN 0-300-01508-9.
* *Global Mapping of Infectious Diseases: Methods, Examples and Emerging Applications*. (1963). Edited by S. I. Hay, Alastair Graham, David J. Rogers. Updated edition with DVD 2007. Academic Press; Pbk/Dvdr R edition. ISBN 978-0-12-031764-6.

## InfoBox

| *Haemagogus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Culicidae |
| Subfamily: | Culicinae |
| Tribe: | Aedini |
| Genus: | *Haemagogus*
Williston, 1896 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Haemagogus splendens*
Williston, 1896 | |
| Synonyms | |
| *Cacomyia* Coquillett, 1906 | |


title: Panchrysia dives

abstract: Panchrysia dives is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found from the Ural, east through southern Siberia to the Pacific Ocean. The range includes Kamchatka, Sakhalin and the Kuriles.

text:
# Panchrysia dives

***Panchrysia dives*** is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found from the Ural, east through southern Siberia to the Pacific Ocean. The range includes Kamchatka, Sakhalin and the Kuriles.

## Further reading

* Barry Goater, László Ronkay und Michael Fibiger: *Catocalinae & Plusiinae Noctuidae Europaeae, Volume 10.*, Sorø 2003 ISBN 87-89430-08-5

## InfoBox

| *Panchrysia dives* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Genus: | *Panchrysia* |
| Species: | ***P. dives*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Panchrysia dives***<br>(Eversmann, 1844) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Plusia dives* Eversmann, 1844 | |


title: HMS Majestic (1785)

abstract: HMS Majestic was a 74-gun third-rate ship of the line launched on 11 December 1785 at Deptford.

text:
# HMS Majestic (1785)

**HMS *Majestic*** was a 74-gun third-rate ship of the line launched on 11 December 1785 at Deptford.

## Background

*Majestic* fought at the 1798 Battle of the Nile, where she engaged the French ships *Tonnant* and *Heureux*, helping to force their surrenders. She was captained by George Blagdon Westcott, who was killed in the battle.

On 22 February 1799, *Majestic* was in sight when *Espoir*, under the command of Captain James Sanders, captured the Spanish 14-gun xebec *Africa* some three leagues (14 km) from Marbello on the Spanish coast. Captain Cuthbert, of *Majestic*, transmitted Sanders's letter, adding his own endorsement extolling "the meritorious Conduct of Captain Sanders and his Ship's Company on the Occasion." *Espoir* and *Majestic* shared the prize money for the xebec, whose full name was *Nostra Senora de Africa*.

On 4 April, *Majestic* and *Transfer* destroyed a French privateer of unknown name. Head money was paid in 1828, almost 30 years later.

On 11 November 1804, *Glatton*, together with *Eagle*, *Majestic*, *Princess of Orange*, *Raisonable*, *Africiane*, *Inspector*, *Beaver*, and the hired armed vessels *Swift* and *Agnes*, shared in the capture of *Upstalsboom*, H.L. De Haase, Master.

On 4 September 1807, *Majestic*, flagship of Admiral Thomas Macnamara Russell anchored off Heligoland, effecting the capitulation of the island to the British.

*Majestic* was razeed into a 58-gun fourth-rate frigate in 1813.

On 34 February 1814 *Majestic* encountered the French frigates *Terpsichore* and *Atalante*, in company with the 20 gun American privateer, *Swallow*, and an apparently unarmed brig. *Majestic* was able to catch up with and engage the stern-most of the French vessels. After an engagement lasting two and a half hours, the frigate struck. She turned out to be the *Terpsichore*, of 44 guns and 320 men, under the command of "*capitaine de frigate* Breton Francois de Sire". In the action, *Terpsichore* lost three men killed, six wounded, and two drowned as the prisoners were being transported to *Majestic*; British casualties were nil. Because of the weather and the approach of night, *Majestic* was unable to pursue the other three French vessels, which therefore escaped. The Royal Navy named *Terpsichore* HMS *Modeste*, but never commissioned her.

On 22 May 1814 *Majestic* recaptured the former British naval schooner *Dominica*, which the American privateer *Decatur* had captured the year before. At the time of her recapture, *Dominica* was sailing under a letter of marque, had a crew of 38 men, and was armed with four 6-pounder guns.

*Majestic* was broken up in 1816 after a stranding.

## Citations

1. Lavery, Ships of the Line vol.1, p181.
2. Correspondence, Horatio Nelson to Admiralty 3 August 1798, cited in Dublin Penny Journal 1836, p. 389
3. "No. 15119". *The London Gazette*. 26 March 1799. p. 288.
4. "No. 15300". *The London Gazette*. 7 October 1800. p. 1161.
5. "No. 18518". *The London Gazette*. 28 October 1828. p. 1957.
6. "No. 16322". *The London Gazette*. 5 December 1809. p. 1960.
7. Rüger, p10
8. "No. 16875". *The London Gazette*. 2 April 1814. p. 398.
9. "No. 16924". *The London Gazette*. 9 August 1814. p. 1610.

## InfoBox

| *Tonnant* at the Battle of the Nile, by Louis Lebreton. HMS *Majestic* is seen in the background. | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Great Britain | |
| Name | HMS *Majestic* |
| Ordered | 23 August 1781 |
| Builder | Adams & Barnard, Deptford |
| Laid down | June 1782 |
| Launched | 11 December 1785 |
| Honours and<br>awards |  |
| Fate | Broken up, April 1816 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *Canada*-class ship of the line |
| Tons burthen | 1623 (bm) |
| Length | 170 ft (52 m) (gundeck) |
| Beam | 46 ft 9 in (14.25 m) |
| Depth of hold | 20 ft 6 in (6.25 m) |
| Propulsion | Sails |
| Sail plan | Full-rigged ship |
| Armament | * *As third rate*: * Gundeck (GD): 28 × 32-pounder guns * Upper gundeck (UG): 28 × 18-pounder guns * QD: 14 × 9-pounder guns * Fc: 4 × 9-pounder guns * *As fourth rate*: * Upper gundeck: 28 × 42-pounder carronades * Gundeck: 28 × 32-pounder guns * Quarterdeck: 2 × 12-pounder guns |


title: Jim Cannon (footballer, born 1953)

abstract: James Cannon is a Scottish retired footballer. Along with several other promising young Scottish players he was signed as an apprentice for Crystal Palace in October 1970, by then manager Bert Head, having previously had a trial with Manchester City. He made a goalscoring debut on 31 March 1973 against Chelsea and went on to make 660 appearances for the club, beating Terry Long's record in the 1984–85 season. A cultured centre half who could also play at left back or in midfield, he eventually left the club at the end of the 1987–88 season, having been captain for the previous ten seasons, and initially joined Croydon and then in November 1988, Dartford. He also had a short spell with Bristol Rovers before finishing his football career in 1994 after three seasons at Dulwich Hamlet. In retirement he owned a building company ICS Builders in the Croydon area, and managed Chipstead during the 2003–04 season. At the start of 2005–06 season onwards, returned to Palace, in the hospitality department, hosting the executive boxes at Selhurst Park on matchdays. In 2005, Cannon was voted into Palace's Centenary XI, and was only just pipped to "The Player of The Century" award by Ian Wright. Wright later said that Cannon had bullied him and Kung fu kicked him in the back; Cannon disputed that but admitted to giving Wright "a little slap". Ian Wright has maintained that he was bullied by Cannon.

text:
# Jim Cannon (footballer, born 1953)

**James Cannon** (born 2 October 1953) is a Scottish retired footballer.

Along with several other promising young Scottish players he was signed as an apprentice for Crystal Palace in October 1970, by then manager Bert Head, having previously had a trial with Manchester City. He made a goalscoring debut on 31 March 1973 against Chelsea and went on to make 660 appearances for the club, beating Terry Long's record in the 1984–85 season.

A cultured centre half who could also play at left back or in midfield, he eventually left the club at the end of the 1987–88 season (15 seasons after his debut), having been captain for the previous ten seasons, and initially joined Croydon and then in November 1988, Dartford. He also had a short spell with Bristol Rovers before finishing his football career in 1994 after three seasons at Dulwich Hamlet. In retirement he owned a building company *ICS Builders* in the Croydon area, and managed Chipstead during the 2003–04 season.

At the start of 2005–06 season onwards, returned to Palace, in the hospitality department, hosting the executive boxes at Selhurst Park on matchdays. In 2005, Cannon was voted into Palace's Centenary XI, and was only just pipped to "The Player of The Century" award by Ian Wright. Wright later said that Cannon had bullied him and Kung fu kicked him in the back; Cannon disputed that but admitted to giving Wright "a little slap". Ian Wright has maintained that he was bullied by Cannon.

* Jim Cannon at Post War English & Scottish Football League A–Z Player's Transfer Database

## InfoBox

Jim Cannon
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | James Cannon | | |
| Date of birth | (1953-10-02) 2 October 1953 | | |
| Place of birth | Glasgow, Scotland | | |
| Height | 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) | | |
| Position(s) | Centre back | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 1970–1973 | Crystal Palace | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1973–1988 | Crystal Palace | 660 | (30) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 2003–2004 | Chipstead | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Nandita Mitra

abstract: Nandita Mitra is an American biostatistician, and a professor in the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology of the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. Her research topics include causal inference, health economics and cost-effectiveness analysis, difference in differences estimation, and statistical applications in public health and cancer research. She is editor-in-chief of Observational Studies.

text:
# Nandita Mitra

**Nandita Mitra** is an American biostatistician, and a professor in the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology of the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. Her research topics include causal inference, health economics and cost-effectiveness analysis, difference in differences estimation, and statistical applications in public health and cancer research. She is editor-in-chief of *Observational Studies*.

## Education and career

Mitra majored in mathematics at Brown University, graduating in 1992. After a 1996 master's degree in biostatistics at the University of California, Berkeley, she completed a PhD in biostatistics at Columbia University in 2001. Her dissertation, *Analyzing Data From Non-Randomized Studies Using Propensity Score Methodology*, was supervised by Daniel F. Heitjan.

She became a postdoctoral fellow at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and a faculty member at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center before moving to the University of Pennsylvania in 2005.

Mitra is editor-in-chief of *Observational Studies*, an open-access journal published by the University of Pennsylvania. She was the 2023 chair of the American Statistical Association Section on Statistics in Epidemiology.

## Recognition

Mitra was named as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association in 2019.

She was the 2024 recipient of the L. Adrienne Cupples Award for Excellence in Teaching, Research, and Service in Biostatistics, given by the Boston University School of Public Health.


title: Midwest Football League (1935–1940)

abstract: The Midwest Football League (MFL) was a professional American football minor league that existed from 1935 to 1940. Originally comprising teams from Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois, the league eventually expanded its reach to include teams from Missouri, Tennessee, Wisconsin, and California to become a national league with major league aspirations by 1939. In 1938, the league became the American Professional Football League after the collapse of the second major league of the same name, but changed its name once again the following year to American Professional Football Association (APFA). Some sources refer to it as the American Professional Football League. Originally without major league aspirations, the APFA changed its ambition along with its name in 1939 when it admitted the Cincinnati Bengals and Los Angeles Bulldogs, two teams that survived the 1937 AFL collapse and spent the 1938 season as independent teams. Another independent Ohio team, the Columbus Bullies, also joined the loop for 1939. After the end of the 1939 season, the league was preparing to continue as a major league when eastern businessmen lured Cincinnati, Columbus, and Milwaukee to join teams based in Boston, Buffalo, and New York to form a new American Football League. The resulting split doomed the APFA, as two members folded and two others were turned away from membership in the new league.

text:
# Midwest Football League (1935–1940)

The **Midwest Football League (MFL)** was a professional American football minor league that existed from 1935 to 1940. Originally comprising teams from Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois, the league eventually expanded its reach to include teams from Missouri, Tennessee, Wisconsin, and California to become a national league with major league aspirations by 1939. In 1938, the league became the **American Professional Football League** after the collapse of the second major league of the same name, but changed its name once again the following year to **American Professional Football Association** (APFA). Some sources refer to it as the **American Professional Football League.**

Originally without major league aspirations, the APFA changed its ambition along with its name in 1939 when it admitted the Cincinnati Bengals and Los Angeles Bulldogs, two teams that survived the 1937 AFL collapse and spent the 1938 season as independent teams. Another independent Ohio team, the Columbus Bullies, also joined the loop for 1939.

After the end of the 1939 season, the league was preparing to continue as a major league (with Milwaukee replacing Los Angeles in the lineup) when eastern businessmen lured Cincinnati, Columbus, and Milwaukee to join teams based in Boston, Buffalo, and New York to form a new American Football League. The resulting split doomed the APFA, as two members folded and two others were turned away from membership in the new league.

## Midwest Football League (1935–1937)

The Midwest Football League was formed in 1935 with George J. Heitzler as president and James C. Hogan as secretary-treasurer. Like the National Football League in its first year, it was a loose assemblage of teams from the American Midwest, with teams representing Cincinnati, Dayton, Indianapolis, Louisville, Columbus, Ohio, and Springfield, Illinois. The league did not maintain standings for its first year and declared the Cincinnati Models, Indianapolis Indians and Louisville Tanks tri-champions.

### 1936

In its second year the MFL was transformed from an informal collection of teams to an official minor league of professional American football. A second team from Cincinnati, the Treslers (named after sponsor Tresler Oil), was added and the 1935 tri-champion Indians were replaced by another team from Indianapolis, the Leons. After a regular season in which the Cincinnati Models finished with an undefeated, untied record, the Louisville Tanks defeated them in the league championship game, 2-0 Two weeks later, the Models defeated the Tanks in a rematch, 19-7, but the MWL considered the contest to be an exhibition game with no effect on the status of the league championship.

**Final league standings – 1936**

| Team | W | L | T | Pct. | PF | PA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Cincinnati Models | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1.000 | 149 | 13 |
| Louisville Tanks | 5 | 1 | 0 | .833 | 123 | 26 |
| Dayton Rosies | 4 | 2 | 0 | .333 | 69 | 38 |
| Springfield Bicos | 2 | 3 | 0 | .400 | 24 | 59 |
| Cincinnati Treslers | 1 | 4 | 0 | .200 | 33 | 84 |
| Columbus Bobbs | 0 | 4 | 0 | .000 | 13 | 80 |
| Indianapolis Leons | 0 | 4 | 1 | .000 | 0 | 111 |

**Championship**: Louisville Tanks 2, Cincinnati Models 0

Beaten by the Models both on and off the field, the Cincinnati Treslers – with quarterback Pete Rose, Sr. (father of baseball's Pete Rose) – left the MFL. That was not the only change involving a Cincinnati professional football team: Models head coach Hal Pennington was enticed by Queen City Athletics, Inc., to form a new team, this time to compete in a major pro football league: the Cincinnati Bengals of the second American Football League.

### 1937

The Treslers were not the only MFL team to leave the league in 1937. The Springfield Bicos and Columbus Bobos also left, while the Ashland Armcos (named after a local steel manufacturing business) joined. With new player-coach John Wiethe, the Cincinnati Models returned to its winning ways, including a 95-7 demolition of the Indianapolis Indians, which failed to win a game for the second consecutive year. Only a loss to Ashland kept the Models from another unbeaten regular season.

The 1937 league championship game was a rematch of the two teams who battled for the title in 1936, with the same result: the Louisville Tanks shut out the Models to win its third title in the Tanks' third season of competition.

**Final league standings – 1937**

| Team | W | L | T | Pct. | PF | PA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Cincinnati Models | 6 | 1 | 0 | .857 | 197 | 47 |
| Louisville Tanks | 6 | 3 | 0 | .667 | 170 | 61 |
| Ashland Ironmasters | 5 | 3 | 1 | .625 | 120 | 92 |
| Dayton Rosies | 3 | 5 | 0 | .375 | 74 | 105 |
| St. Louis Gunners | 1 | 4 | 1 | .200 | 50 | 60 |
| Indianapolis Leons | 0 | 5 | 0 | .000 | 14 | 260 |

**Championship**: Louisville Tanks 13, Cincinnati Models 0

After the conclusion of the 1937 season, change was inevitable for the MFL as the second AFL imploded. Indianapolis left after two years without a win, Ashland departed after one winning season. The MFL quickly adopted the name of the recently deceased league and expanded its reach by adding teams in East Chicago, Indiana and Nashville, Tennessee. The Cincinnati Bengals (formerly of the second AFL) were asked to join the newly minted American Football League… and opted to remain an independent team instead.

On the other hand, Bengals head coach Hal Pennington did return to the Cincinnati Models, just in time to see the team's name change to the Cincinnati Blades.

## American Professional Football League (1938)

The Louisville Tanks won championships in the three years of the existence of the Midwest Football League. Prior to joining the AFL, the St. Louis Gunners were an independent team that actually played three games in the NFL in 1934 as a replacement for the ill-fated Cincinnati Reds. After the demise of the AFL, the Gunners returned to an independent status. The Cincinnati Blades disbanded October 13, 1938 (after playing three games, all Blades victories); the scheduled games were not cancelled, and as a result, they were officially recorded as forfeit losses for the Blades. League requests for the Cincinnati Bengals (a team that was founded by Blades head coach Hal Pennington) to replace the Blades for the remaining games were rebuffed.

### 1938 standings

| Team | W | L | T | Pct. | Off. | Def. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Chicago Indians | 5 | 1 | 0 | .833 | 87 | 26 |
| St. Louis Gunners | 4 | 3 | 1 | .571 | 31 | 73 |
| Louisville Tanks | 4 | 3 | 0 | .571 | 67 | 40 |
| Nashville Rebels | 2 | 2 | 1 | .500 | 46 | 71 |
| Cincinnati Blades | 3 | 5 | 0 | .375 | 53 | 11 |
| Dayton Rosies | 1 | 5 | 0 | .167 | 7 | 80 |

**Playoffs**: Louisville defeated Chicago 13-0; St. Louis defeated Nashville 19-13
**Championship**: Louisville defeated St. Louis 3-0 to win fourth consecutive championship of MFL/AFL

Following the three Midwest Football League champions from 1935 to 1937, the Tanks became the first professional football team to win four consecutive league championships. Only the Cleveland Browns (AAFC 1945–1949, NFL 1950) have managed to match this feat so far.

## American Professional Football Association (1939)

The league changed its name once again in 1939 as it abandoned any pretense of being a regional league. After one year of being the American Football League, the league became the **American Professional Football Association**, ironically the original name of the professional football league that became the National Football League. The name of the league was not the only change for the season: the Dayton Rosies became the Dayton Bombers; the Nashville Rebels left the league after only one year of competition; and Wisconsin's Kenosha Cardinals and three familiar teams joined the loop for the upcoming season.

The Cincinnati Bengals and Los Angeles Bulldogs were members of the second AFL in 1937, with Los Angeles winning the championship with an undefeated, untied record. The Bengals and the Columbus Bullies became charter members of the successor to this league, the "third AFL" in 1940, with the Bullies winning the championship in both years of its existence. The Bulldogs became a charter franchise of the Pacific Coast League in 1940.

The Cincinnati Bengals were wooed by the league on at least three occasions before they finally agreed to join for the 1939 season. The Bengals were offered an opportunity to join the former Midwest Football League in 1938 (as a natural rival for the Cincinnati Models/Blades, and when the Blades stopped playing, the AFL asked the Bengals if they could take over the Blades' remaining games in the 1938 Blades' AFL schedule. Citing scheduling conflicts, the Bengals refused the invitation.

### 1939 standings

| Team | W | L | T | Pct. | Off. | Def. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Los Angeles Bulldogs | 7 | 1 | 0 | .875 | 223 | 35 |
| Cincinnati Bengals | 6 | 2 | 0 | .750 | 117 | 85 |
| Columbus Bullies | 9 | 4 | 0 | .692 | 235 | 81 |
| Chicago Indians | 4 | 3 | 0 | .571 | 55 | 51 |
| St. Louis Gunners | 5 | 6 | 0 | .455 | 141 | 164 |
| Dayton Bombers | 2 | 5 | 0 | .286 | 45 | 167 |
| Kenosha Cardinals | 2 | 7 | 0 | .222 | 97 | 105 |
| Louisville Tanks | 2 | 9 | 0 | .182 | 51 | 226 |

There was no championship game in 1939. In a meeting of the owners of the APFA on January 7, 1940, the Columbus Bullies were announced as league champions with a 9-2 record, despite the standings shown above. It was the only time that the Louisville Tanks failed to win the league title.

## Demise of the league

As the 1939 season wound down, the league anticipated change as the Los Angeles Bulldogs left to form the football version of the Pacific Coast League. With the subsequent awarding of a new franchise to Milwaukee, the league announced plans to compete with the National Football League, while the Green Bay Packers protested the intrusion into their territory.

In July 1940, the league's ambitious plans for the upcoming season were derailed: a group of businessmen based on the American East Coast formed their own American Football League, with new franchises in Boston, New York, and Buffalo, and had APFA members Cincinnati, Columbus, and Milwaukee jump to their league, which split the five-year-old league and mortally wounded it. After Louisville and Dayton both decided not to field teams for the 1940 season, only three teams (Chicago, Kenosha, and St. Louis) remained, and the APFA subsequently folded.

Kenosha and St. Louis applied to the new AFL for membership, but were rejected. They and the Chicago Indians rejoined the ranks of independent professional football teams in 1940, ironically often playing the teams that had jumped from the APFA in the first place. For two games in 1941, Kenosha also loaned three players to the AFL's Buffalo Tigers.

1. George Gipe, *The Great American Sports Book* (Doubleday 1978) ISBN 0-385-13091-0
2. "Kenosha Cardinals: Life on the Fringe (1983)". *arenafootball.tribe.net*. Archived from the original on 2006-03-01. Retrieved 2018-08-20.
3. All Those A.F.L.'s: N.F.L. Competitors 1935-41 Archived 2010-11-27 at the Wayback Machine – Bob Braunwort, Professional Football Researchers Association (1989)
4. Back Before Bengalmania: Cincinnati's First Brush With the Big Time – Bob Gill, Professional Football Researchers Association (1989)
5. some sources, such as Back Before Bengalmania: Cincinnati's First Brush With the Big Time report that the league had a Shaughnessy playoff in which the first place Models played the fourth place Springfield Bicos while the second place Tanks played the third place Dayton Rosies, with the Models and Tanks advancing to the championship.
6. David L. Porter, ed., *Biographical Dictionary of American Sports: Football* (Greenwood Press 1987) ISBN 0-313-25771-X, p. 141
7. The Bulldogs: L.A. Hits the Big Time \- Bob Gill, Pro Football Research Association (1982)

## InfoBox

Midwest Football League
| Sport | American football |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1935 |
| First season | 1936 |
| Ceased | 1940 |
| President | George J. Heitzler |
| Claim to fame | Precursor to the 3rd competitor of National Football League |
| No. of teams | * Unknown (1935) * 7 (1936) * 6 (1937–1938) * 8 (1939) |
| Country | United States |
| Last<br>champion(s) | Columbus Bullies |
| Most titles | Louisville Tanks (3) |


title: William Milnes Jr.

abstract: William Milnes Jr. was a nineteenth-century congressman and industrialist from Virginia and Pennsylvania.

text:
# William Milnes Jr.

**William Milnes Jr.** (December 8, 1827  August 14, 1889) was a nineteenth-century congressman and industrialist from Virginia and Pennsylvania.

## Formative years

Born in Yorkshire, England on December 8, 1827, Milnes immigrated to the United States with his family in 1829, settling in Pottsville, Pennsylvania. He attended public schools as a child, and went on to learn a machinery trade.

## Career

Milnes engaged in mining and coal shipping before moving to Shenandoah, Virginia in 1865. While there, he engaged in the iron business.

A member of the Virginia House of Delegates in 1870 and 1871, Milnes was subsequently elected as a Conservative to the United States House of Representatives in 1869, serving from 1870 to 1871.

Afterwards, he resumed work in the iron business, and continued in that industry until his death.

### Election of 1869

Milnes ran unopposed and was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1869.

## Death and interment

Milnes died in Shenandoah, Virginia on August 14, 1889. He was interred in the family plot in the Methodist Church Cemetery in Shenandoah.

* United States Congress. "William Milnes Jr. (id: M000784)". *Biographical Directory of the United States Congress*.
* William Milnes Jr. at Find a Grave

## InfoBox

| William Milnes Jr. | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Virginia's 6th district | |
| **In office**
January 27, 1870  March 3, 1871 | |
| Preceded by | Shelton Leake (1861) |
| Succeeded by | John T. Harris |
| Member of the Virginia House of Delegates | |
| **In office**
1870-1871 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1827-12-08)December 8, 1827
Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom |
| Died | August 14, 1889(1889-08-14) (aged 61)
Shenandoah, Virginia |
| Political party | Conservative |
| Profession | Politician, Industrialist |
|  | |


title: Pasmore (novel)

abstract: Pasmore is a 1972 novel by the English writer David Storey. It tells the story of a young university lecturer who has a nervous breakdown and leaves his wife and children. A central theme is social mobility and the view of the family across different classes. The novel also explores how mental illness can exist even in people who have seemingly ideal lives. The book was awarded the Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize in 1973. It was shortlisted for the 1972 Booker Prize.

text:
# Pasmore (novel)

***Pasmore*** is a 1972 novel by the English writer David Storey. It tells the story of a young university lecturer who has a nervous breakdown and leaves his wife and children. A central theme is social mobility and the view of the family across different classes. The novel also explores how mental illness can exist even in people who have seemingly ideal lives.

The book was awarded the Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize in 1973. It was shortlisted for the 1972 Booker Prize.

## InfoBox

Pasmore
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | David Storey |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Longman |
| Publication date | 1972 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Pages | 201 |
| ISBN | 9780582105294 |


title: Midnight Blue (Louise Tucker song)

abstract:
"Midnight Blue" is the title of a 1982-3 international hit by Louise Tucker which served as the title cut for Tucker's debut album Midnight Blue. The single also features Charlie Skarbek on vocals. In the spring of 1982 opera singer Louise Tucker met record producer Tim Smit when she accompanied his sister-in-law who'd come to babysit for him: this meeting led to Tucker recording the demo for the track "Midnight Blue" - which utilized the melody of the second movement of "Sonata Pathétique" by Beethoven - with Smit and his friend Charlie Skarbek producing. Smit and Skarbek successfully shopped the track to the Dutch division of Ariola Records and the finished track was cut at Chestnut Studios in Farnham.
The Dutch Ariola cassette release (405.007) notes Chestnut recording studios as being in Frensham, with Abbey Road Studios, London also involved. Recording period given as June to September 1982. "Midnight Blue" reached #13 in the Netherlands in November 1982. In December the track entered the French charts where it remained for 31 weeks reaching number 1 in the Christmas of 1983. At the same time Michèle Torr hit the French charts with a rendering in French by lyricist Pierre Delanoë entitled "Midnight Blue en Irlande" (#13). Picked up by Arista Records for North American release, "Midnight Blue" first broke in Canada reaching #7 in April and entering the US charts in June to reach #46 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #10 on the Adult Contemporary chart. The track entered the UK charts about a year after its recording in April 1983: it failed to become a major hit peaking at #59. See Notesⁱ ⁲ In July 1983 "Midnight Blue" reached #6 in Sweden: that year the track also charted in Australia (#27), Denmark (#1) and Germany (#51).

text:
# Midnight Blue (Louise Tucker song)

"**Midnight Blue**" is the title of a 1982-3 international hit by Louise Tucker which served as the title cut for Tucker's debut album *Midnight Blue*. The single also features Charlie Skarbek on vocals.

In the spring of 1982 opera singer Louise Tucker met record producer Tim Smit when she accompanied his sister-in-law who'd come to babysit for him: this meeting led to Tucker recording the demo for the track "Midnight Blue" - which utilized the melody of the second movement of "Sonata Pathétique" by Beethoven \- with Smit and his friend Charlie Skarbek producing. Smit and Skarbek successfully shopped the track to the Dutch division of Ariola Records and the finished track was cut at Chestnut Studios in Farnham. The Dutch Ariola cassette release (405.007) notes Chestnut recording studios as being in Frensham (south of Farnham), with Abbey Road Studios, London also involved. Recording period given as June to September 1982.

"Midnight Blue" reached #13 in the Netherlands in November 1982. In December the track entered the French charts where it remained for 31 weeks reaching number 1 in the Christmas of 1983. At the same time Michèle Torr hit the French charts with a rendering in French by lyricist Pierre Delanoë entitled "Midnight Blue en Irlande" (#13).

Picked up by Arista Records for North American release, "Midnight Blue" first broke in Canada reaching #7 in April (going platinum) and entering the US charts in June to reach #46 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #10 on the Adult Contemporary chart.

The track entered the UK charts about a year after its recording in April 1983: it failed to become a major hit peaking at #59. See Notes1 2

In July 1983 "Midnight Blue" reached #6 in Sweden: that year the track also charted in Australia (#27), Denmark (#1) and Germany (#51).

* 1An instrumental version of "Midnight Blue" by Dutch trumpeter Pete Knarren charted in the UK in the same time period as Louise Tucker's version: Knarren's version - released on EMI - peaked at #80.
* 2The version by the group Dreamers was also a hit in early 80s.

## InfoBox

| "Midnight Blue" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Louise Tucker | |
| from the album  *Midnight Blue* | |
| Recorded | 1982 |
| Genre | Synthpop, classical crossover |
| Label | Arista (US) / Ariola Records (Europe) |
| Songwriter(s) | Ludwig van Beethoven, Charles Skarbek, Timothy Bartel Smit
English lyrics: Pierre Delanoë |
| Producer(s) | Charlie Skarbek |


title: Haemodracon riebeckii

abstract: Haemodracon riebeckii, known as the dragon-tree gecko or blood dragon gecko, is a species of lizard in the family Phyllodactylidae. The species is endemic to the Socotra archipelago, Yemen.

text:
# Haemodracon riebeckii

***Haemodracon riebeckii***, known as the **dragon-tree gecko** or **blood dragon gecko**, is a species of lizard in the family Phyllodactylidae. The species is endemic to the Socotra archipelago, Yemen.

## Etymology

The specific name, *riebeckii*, is in honor of German ethnologist Emil Riebeck.

## Geographic range

*H. riebeckii* is found on Socotra Island and nearby Samhah Island. Both Islands belong to Yemen.

## Habitat

The preferred habitats of *H. riebeckii* are rocky areas and shrubland, at altitudes of 0–938 m (0–3,077 ft).

## Behavior

*H. riebeckii* is active at night.

## Reproduction

*H. riebeckii* is oviparous.

## Further reading

* Boulenger GA (1885). *Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Second Edition. Volume I. Geckonidæ ...* London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural history). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xi + 436 pp. + Plates I-XXXII. (*Phyllodactylus riebeckii*, pp. 94–95).
* Peters W (1882). "*Über die von Herrn Dr. E. Riebeck auf Socotra gesammelten Reptilien* ". *Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin* **1882** (3): 42–46. (*Diplodactylus riebeckii*, new species, pp. 43–44). (in German and Latin).
* Rösler H, Wranik W (2004). "A key and annotated checklist to the reptiles of the Socotra archipelago". *Fauna of Arabia* **20**: 505–534.

## InfoBox

| *Haemodracon riebeckii* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Phyllodactylidae |
| Genus: | *Haemodracon* |
| Species: | ***H. riebeckii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Haemodracon riebeckii***
(W. Peters, 1882) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Diplodactylus riebeckii*
W. Peters, 1882 * *Ptyodactylus homolepis*
Blanford, 1887 * *Phyllodactylus riebeckii*
Boulenger, 1885 * *Ptyodactylus socotranus*
Steindachner, 1902 * *Haemodracon riebeckii*
Bauer et al., 1997 | |


title: HD 6718

abstract: HD 6718 is a solar twin star in the equatorial constellation of Cetus. It has a yellow hue but is too faint to be viewed with the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 8.45. The distance to this object, as determined from parallax measurements, is 168 light years. It is drifting away from the Sun with a radial velocity of +35 km/s. This object is an ordinary G-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of G5V, with the luminosity class of 'V' indicating it is generating energy through hydrogen fusion at its core. It is around six billion years old with a leisurely rotation rate, having a projected rotational velocity of 2 km/s. The level of magnetic activity in the chromosphere is considered very low and it has a near solar metallicity. Being a solar twin, has nearly the same mass and radius as the Sun. The star is radiating 1.07 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,728 K. In 2009, a substellar companion with a minimum mass of 1.56 MJ was found in orbit around the star with a period of 6.83 years. In 2020, the inclination of this object was measured, revealing its true mass to be 62.8 MJ. This makes it a brown dwarf.

text:
# HD 6718

**HD 6718** is a solar twin star in the equatorial constellation of Cetus. It has a yellow hue but is too faint to be viewed with the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 8.45. The distance to this object, as determined from parallax measurements, is 168 light years. It is drifting away from the Sun with a radial velocity of +35 km/s.

This object is an ordinary G-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of G5V, with the luminosity class of 'V' indicating it is generating energy through hydrogen fusion at its core. It is around six billion years old with a leisurely rotation rate, having a projected rotational velocity of 2 km/s. The level of magnetic activity in the chromosphere is considered very low and it has a near solar metallicity. Being a solar twin, has nearly the same mass and radius as the Sun. The star is radiating 1.07 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,728 K.

In 2009, a substellar companion (HD 6718 b) with a minimum mass of 1.56 MJ was found in orbit around the star with a period of 6.83 years. In 2020, the inclination of this object was measured, revealing its true mass to be 62.8 MJ. This makes it a brown dwarf.

The HD 6718 planetary system
| Companion
(in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis
(AU) | Orbital period
(days) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **b** | 62.79+16.98
−13.80 MJ | 3.56+0.24
−0.15 | 2496±176 | 0.10+0.11
−0.04 | 1.488+0.410
−0.310 |  |

## InfoBox

HD 6718
| Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0 | |
| --- | --- |
| Constellation | Cetus |
|
| Right ascension | 01h 07m 48.6630s |
| Declination | –08° 14 01.3306 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 8.45 |
| Characteristics | |
| Evolutionary stage | main sequence |
| Spectral type | G5V |
| Apparent magnitude (B) | 9.087 |
| Apparent magnitude (J) | 7.269 |
| Apparent magnitude (H) | 6.99 |
| Apparent magnitude (K) | 6.876 |
|
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| B−V color index | 0.662±0.009 |
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| Astrometry | |
|  | |
| **Radial velocity (Rv)** | +34.76 km/s |
| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: 192.637±0.114 mas/yr
Dec.: 20.080±0.069 mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 19.4476 ± 0.0523 mas |
| **Distance** | 167.7 ± 0.5 ly
(51.4 ± 0.1 pc) |
| **Absolute magnitude (MV)** | 4.754 |
|  | |
| Details | |
|  | |
| **Mass** | 0.98±0.04 |
| **Radius** | 1.01±0.02 |
| **Luminosity** | 1.07±0.01 |
| **Surface gravity (log *g*)** | 4.42±0.02 cgs |
| **Temperature** | 5,728±5 |
| **Metallicity** \[Fe/H\] | −0.064±0.004 dex |
| **Rotational velocity (*v* sin *i*)** | 2.00±0.12 km/s |
| **Age** | 6.0±2.4 Gyr |
|  | |
| Other designations | |
| BD–09°221, HD 6718, HIP 5301, SAO 129137, PPM 183064, LTT 641, NLTT 3753 | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |
| **Exoplanet Archive** | data |


title: Jimmy Steward

abstract: James Steward Bodden is a Honduran football goalkeeper who played for Honduras in the 1982 FIFA World Cup.

text:
# Jimmy Steward

**James Steward Bodden** (born 9 December 1946) is a Honduran football goalkeeper who played for Honduras in the 1982 FIFA World Cup.

## Club career

Steward started his career at Platense and then left them citing bad eyesight only to sign for Real España.

## International career

He has represented his country in 5 FIFA World Cup qualification matches, being part of the team during the qualifiers in Haiti in 1973.

## InfoBox

Jimmy Steward
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | James Steward Bodden | | |
| Date of birth | (1946-12-09) 9 December 1946 | | |
| Place of birth | Honduras | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1965–1975 | Platense | 140 | (0) |
| 1975–1981 | Real España | 159 | (0) |
| 1981–1982 | Marathón |  | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 1973–1982 | Honduras |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Ramutki

abstract: Ramutki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Środa Wielkopolska, within Środa Wielkopolska County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

text:
# Ramutki

**Ramutki** \[raˈmutki\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Środa Wielkopolska, within Środa Wielkopolska County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

## InfoBox

| Ramutki | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Ramutki | |
| Coordinates: 52°10′34″N 17°18′49″E / 52.17611°N 17.31361°E / 52.17611; 17.31361 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Środa Wielkopolska |
| Gmina | Środa Wielkopolska |


title: Nandobo

abstract: Nandobo is a mining town located in Mambéré-Kadéï Prefecture, Central African Republic.

text:
# Nandobo

**Nandobo** is a mining town located in Mambéré-Kadéï Prefecture, Central African Republic.

## History

An alleged Anti-balaka armed group captured Nandobo on 15 December 2020 and kidnapped four gendarmeries, including the commander. Due to the attack, the residents fled either to the bush or Berbérati.

## Economy

Near the town, there are diamond mines.

## Education

Nandobo has one school.

## Healthcare

There is a health center in the town.

## InfoBox

| Nandobo | |
| --- | --- |
| NandoboLocation in Central African Republic | |
| Coordinates: 4°40′0″N 15°47′55″E / 4.66667°N 15.79861°E / 4.66667; 15.79861 | |
| Country | Central African Republic |
| Prefecture | Mambéré-Kadéï |
| Sub-prefecture | Berbérati |
| Commune | Haute-Batouri |


title: Mike Tyson vs. Frank Bruno

abstract: Mike Tyson vs Frank Bruno was a professional boxing match contested on February 25, 1989 for the WBA, WBC, IBF and The Ring heavyweight championships.

text:
# Mike Tyson vs. Frank Bruno

**Mike Tyson vs Frank Bruno** was a professional boxing match contested on February 25, 1989 for the WBA, WBC, IBF and *The Ring* heavyweight championships.

## Background

This would be Tyson's first fight after firing longtime trainer Kevin Rooney. Tyson was coming off a 1st-round knockout over the previously undefeated Michael Spinks, which not only gave Tyson the lineal heavyweight title, but laid to rest any doubt over who was the rightful heavyweight champion. Next for Tyson was a bout against popular British fighter Frank Bruno that was originally set for October 8, 1988 at Wembley Stadium in Bruno's native England. However, on August 23, 1988, Tyson was involved in a street fight with former adversary Mitch Green, whom Tyson had defeated prior to his Championship fight with Trevor Berbick. During the scuffle Tyson hit Green with a right hand that resulted in Green requiring five stitches and Tyson breaking his hand. Due to Tyson's injury, the fight was pushed back to October 22. This was only the beginning of Tyson's troubles. On September 5, Tyson was involved in a car accident that knocked him unconscious A month later, Tyson's estranged wife Robin Givens filed for divorce on October 7 and in the following month filed a $125 million defamation suit against Tyson as well.

Because of Tyson's problems, the proposed October 22 fight against Bruno at Wembley Stadium was scrapped. Instead the fight was shifted to the United States and rescheduled for January 14, 1989 at the Las Vegas Hilton. However, this fight was also postponed, allegedly because of financial disagreements between Tyson's manager Bill Cayton and Tyson's promoter Don King. On December 15, 1988, it was officially announced that the long-awaited Tyson–Bruno fight would finally take place on February 25, 1989 at the Las Vegas Hilton.

## The fight

The fight got off to a fast start with the two men exchanging punches in the middle of the ring as soon as the round started. At the end of this opening exchange, Tyson would knock down Bruno with a right hook, though Bruno was able to get up at the count of 2, ultimately taking a mandatory eight count before continuing. Tyson and Bruno would continue to fight aggressively, but after several warnings from referee Richard Steele, Bruno had a point deducted due to excessive holding. With about 50 seconds left in the first round, Bruno hit Tyson with a left hook–right hand combination to the side of the head that staggered the champion for the first time ever in his professional career. At the end of round 2, Tyson hit Bruno with a right hand that sent Bruno into the ropes. Sensing a knockout, Tyson would continue to hammer Bruno, but Bruno was able to hold on and smother Tyson and survive the round. Tyson continued to dominate the fight into round 5 and, with a minute left in the round, would continuously attack Bruno with powerful combinations. The fight would finally end with less than 10 seconds to go in the round as Tyson was able to get Bruno up against the ropes and hit him with two right uppercuts and a left hook. Before Bruno could go down, Steele stepped in and stopped the fight, awarding Tyson the victory by technical knockout.

## Aftermath

Tyson had only one further fight in 1989. In what turned out to be the last successful defense of his undisputed championship, Tyson easily defeated Carl Williams, knocking him out 93 seconds into round 1. After a seven-month layoff, Tyson returned to face James "Buster" Douglas, in what was presumed by most people to be another straightforward practice fight for Tyson before he would meet the number one contender Evander Holyfield. In a shocking upset, Douglas won by 10th-round knockout, becoming the new undisputed heavyweight champion.

Tyson then embarked on a comeback in hopes of securing a championship match with either Douglas or Evander Holyfield, who were scheduled to face each other for the undisputed heavyweight title on October 25, 1990. Tyson defeated Henry Tillman, Alex Stewart and Donovan Ruddock twice, before being arrested and sentenced to prison for rape. When Tyson was released in 1995, he returned to boxing and easily defeated journeymen Peter McNeeley and Buster Mathis, Jr.

This set up a rematch with Bruno for Bruno's recently-won WBC heavyweight championship title, which he had achieved six months previously by beating the reigning WBC champion Oliver McCall by a unanimous points decision. In the rematch on March 16 1996, Tyson again dominated Bruno, knocking him out in the third round to become the WBC heavyweight champion. This was Bruno's final fight and he subsequently retired from boxing.

## Undercard

Confirmed bouts:

## Broadcasting

| Country | Broadcaster |
| --- | --- |
| Mexico | Televisa |
| Philippines | GMA Network |
| United Kingdom | BBC |
| United States | HBO |

## InfoBox

Mike Tyson vs. Frank Bruno
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | February 25, 1989 |
| Venue | Las Vegas Hilton, Nevada, US |
| Title(s) on the line | WBA, WBC, IBF and *The Ring* undisputed heavyweight championship |
| Tale of the tape | |
| Boxer  Mike Tyson  Frank Bruno  Nickname  "Iron"   Hometown Catskill, New York, US Hammersmith, London, UK  Purse  $7,000,000  $3,600,000  Pre-fight record  35–0 (31 KO)  32–2 (31 KO)  Age  22 years, 7 months  27 years, 3 months  Height  5 ft 10 in (178 cm)  6 ft 3 in (191 cm)  Weight  218 lb (99 kg)  228 lb (103 kg)  Style  Orthodox  Orthodox  Recognition WBA, WBC, IBF and *The Ring* undisputed
Heavyweight Champion WBA/WBC
No. 1 Ranked Heavyweight
IBF
No. 3 Ranked Heavyweight | |
| Result | |
| Tyson defeats Bruno by 5th round TKO | |


title: William Milne (missionary)

abstract: William Milne was the second Protestant missionary sent by the London Missionary Society to China, after his colleague, Robert Morrison. Milne served as pastor of Christ Church, Malacca, a member of Ultra-Ganges Missions, the first Principal of Anglo-Chinese College, and chief editor of two missionary magazines: Indo-Chinese Gleaner (English), and Chinese Monthly Magazine (察世俗每月統記傳). Due to Milne's distinguished role in his missionary field, the University of Glasgow granted him a Doctor of Divinity (D.D.) in 1820.

text:
# William Milne (missionary)

**William Milne** (April 1785 – 2 June 1822) was the second Protestant missionary sent by the London Missionary Society to China, after his colleague, Robert Morrison. Milne served as pastor of Christ Church, Malacca, a member of Ultra-Ganges Missions, the first Principal of Anglo-Chinese College, and chief editor of two missionary magazines: Indo-Chinese Gleaner (English), and Chinese Monthly Magazine (察世俗每月統記傳). Due to Milne's distinguished role in his missionary field, the University of Glasgow granted him a Doctor of Divinity (D.D.) in 1820.

## Early life

Milne was born in Braeside of Cults, a village few miles south to Huntly, in the rural parish of Kennethmont in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. His father died when he was only six years old (1791), and his mother taught him at home. While he was still very young, he worked on a farm for a period of time before being apprenticed to a carpenter under training of Adam Sievwright. While excelling at carpentry, he also was reported to have distinguished himself by his profanity learned when was a shepherd boy.

## Conversion

According to Milne, he had "a natural predilection for books." When he was young, Milne memorized the Westminster Shorter Catechism, and Thomas Wilson's Mother's Catechism, but had no impact from them, rather as Milne later said, it was for the purpose of "to be equal with my neighbours, and to avoid the displeasure of the minister of the parish." About thirteen years of age, Milne experienced "a partial reformation," which was effected through: 1) the reading of tracts and Christian books, 2) two pious Christian examples, 3) hope of salvation through prayer, 4) fear of evil and danger, and 5) the sufferings of Christ symbolized through the Lord's Table. From then, Milne started to attend Sunday schools and prayer meetings. In 1801, by the age of sixteen, Milne experienced conversion.

Soon after his conversion, Milne decided to leave the Church of Scotland, and to join "another body of Christians" which was evangelical and with edifying preaching. As a result, in 1804, Milne was received as a member of a Congregational church pastored by George Cowie at Huntly.

## Missionary career

About 1809, he applied to the London Missionary Society. After conferring with a group of ministers at Aberdeen, he was sent to Gosport, where he studied under David Bogue for three years. Ordained as a missionary to China on 16 July 1812 at Rev. John Griffin's church at Portsea, Portsmouth, Milne proposed "to go from house to house, from village to village, from town to town, and from country to country, where access may be gained, in order to preach the Gospel to all who will not turn away their ear from it."

Milne was married to Rachel Cowie, daughter of Charles Cowie, Esq. of Aberdeen, at St. Leonard's on 4 August 1812. They soon departed from Portsmouth for the Cape of Good Hope on 4 September 1812. The Milnes stayed at the Cape of Good Hope with John Campbell for a few days, and they did not arrive in Macau until 4 July 1813. Milne, with his wife and infant child were expelled by the Roman Catholic priests there after three days, and he left for Guangzhou, where he was able to begin study of the Chinese language. His observation regarding the difficulty of an English-speaker acquiring the Chinese tongue has been frequently repeated:

"Learning the Chinese language requires bodies of iron, lungs of brass, heads of oak, hands of spring steel, eyes of eagles, hearts of apostles, memories of angels, and lives of Methuselah."

After six months with Robert Morrison as his first and only help that had come to join the work from England, he took Morrison's advice to visit Java and the Chinese settlements in the Indonesian archipelago. Milne agreed and traveled south, distributing tracts and books, finally returning to Guangzhou on 5 September to spend the winter of 1813–1814 there.

Milne spent most of his missionary career in the British Straits Settlements of Malacca, beginning in the Spring of 1815. He set up a printing press and school, continuing to preach the Gospel to the local Chinese.

In January 1816, Milne visited Penang, and established a printing press there also. Milne was also the first Principal of The Anglo Chinese College at Malacca. He collaborated more with Morrison to produce the second complete Chinese version of the Bible, translating the books of Deuteronomy through Job.

Liang Fa, converted to Christianity in 1815 and baptized by Milne, became the first Chinese Protestant minister and evangelist. Liang Fa later became renowned as the author of the Christian literature that inspired Hong Xiuquan and the Taiping Rebellion.

In these years Milne published a translation of the Sacred Edict of the Kangxi Emperor. His 1819 tract "The Two Friends" became the most widely used Chinese Christian tract until the early twentieth century. Milne was remarkably prolific for one who came to literary work so late in life, and twenty-one Chinese works are attributed to him. Several were of substantial length; one was the *Chinese Monthly Magazine* (察世俗每月統記傳 Chashisu Meiyue Tongjizhuan), the first Chinese language magazine in the modern sense of the word; that ran from 1815 to 1822 and totaled several hundred pages. In addition, he produced two substantial books and a Malacca periodical in English.

## Honour

The University of Glasgow conferred on him the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity (D.D.) on 26 November 1820.

## Family

Rachel Cowie Milne gave birth to six children for William, but two of them, David (*d.* 4 May 1816) and Sarah (*d.* 10 April 1817) died in infancy. Among the four surviving children, Rachel Amelia is the eldest, and the twin sons, Robert George and William Charles. Farquhar was born when Rachel Cowie Milne was suffering from a serious illness, and was baptized at Rachel's dying bed.

Rachel Cowie Milne died on 20 March 1819 at Klebang, Malacca, leaving her will that her Amelia might receive proper education. William Milne buried Rachel in Malacca.

After William Milne's death in 1822, his four surviving children were sent back to England, to receive further education under the care of Rev. Andrew Reed (1787–1862). Both Robert George and William Charles Milne graduated from Homerton Academy and Marischal College of Aberdeen University. Later, William Charles followed his father's steps and became a missionary to China being sent by London Missionary Society, and a tutor to British translators in China. William Charles died in 1863 and was buried in a Russian cemetery at Beijing. Robert George Milne served as a Dissenting minister in Lancaster, and died in 1882.

## Works in Chinese

* A Farewell Address. 3 leaves. Batavia, 1814.
* 求世者言行眞史記. "Life of Christ." 71 leaves. Canton, 1814.
* 進小門走窄路解論. "Tract on the Strait Gate." 10 leaves. Malacca, 1816.
* 崇真實棄假謊略說. "Tract on the Sin of Lying, and the Importance of Truth." 5 leaves. Malacca, 1816.
* 幼學淺解問答. "A Catechism for Youth." 37 leaves. Malacca, 1817.
* 祈禱眞法注解. "Exposition of the Lord's Prayer." 41 leaves. Malacca, 1818.
* 諸國異神論. "Tract on Idolatry." 7 leaves. Malacca, 1818.
* 生意公平聚益法. "On Justice Between Man and Man." 10 leaves. Malacca, 1818.
* 聖書節註十二訓. "Twelves Short Sermons." 12 leaves. Malacca, 1818.
* 賭博明論略講. "The Evils of Gambling." 13 leaves. Malacca, 1819.
* 張遠兩友相論. "Dialogues Between Chang and Yuan." 20 leaves. Malacca, 1819.
* 古今聖史記集. "Sacred History." 71 leaves. Malacca, 1819.
* 受災學義論說. "Duty of Men in Times of Public Calamity." 13 leaves. Malacca, 1819.
* 三寶仁會論. "Three Benevolent Societies." 32 leaves. Malacca, 1821.
* 全地萬國紀略. "Sketch of the World." 30 leaves. Malacca, 1822.
* 鄉訓五十二則. "Twelves Village Sermons." 70 leaves. Malacca, 1824.
* 上帝聖教公會門. "The Gate of God's Church." 30 leaves. Malacca.
* 靈魂篇大全. "Treatise on the Soul." 183 leaves. Malacca, 1824.
* 聖書節解. "Commentary on Ephesians." 104 leaves. Malacca, 1825.
* 神天聖書. "The Holy Bible." Malacca, 1824.
* 察世俗每月統記傳. "Chinese Monthly Magazine." 7 Volumes, 524 leaves. Malacca, 1815–1821.

## Works in English

* *The Sacred Edict*, containing sixteen maxims of the emperor Kang-he, amplified by his son, the emperor Yoong-ching; together with a Paraphrase on the whole, by a Mandarin. pp. 299. London, 1817.
* *A Retrospect of the First Ten Years of the Protestant Mission to China, (Now, in Connection With the Malay, Denominated, the Ultra-Ganges Missions.)* Accompanied with Miscellaneous Remarks on the Literature, History, and Mythology of China, &c. pp. viii, 376. Malacca, 1820.
* *The Indo-Chinese Gleaner*. Containing miscellaneous communications on the Literature, History, Philosophy, Mythology, &c. of the Indo-Chinese nations, drawn chiefly from the native languages. Christian Miscellanies; and general news. Malacca, 1817–1822. This Magazine which came out quarterly was edited, and for the greater part written by Dr. Milne.
* *Some Account of a Secret Association in China Entitled the Triad Society*. The first published paper written in English about the secretive Triad society in Southern China. Published in the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland in 1825 after Milne's death by Robert Morrison.

## Bibliography

* Robert Morrison, *Memoirs of the Rev. William Milne, D.D.* (1824)
* Robert Philip, *The Life and Opinions of the Rev. William Milne, D.D., Missionary to China* (1840).
* Daniel H. Bays, *Christian Tracts: The Two Friends,* in Suzanne Wilson Barnett and John King Fairbank, eds., *Christianity in China: Early Protestant Missionary Writings* (1985)
* Brian Harrison, *Waiting for China: The Anglo-Chinese College at Malacca, 1818–1843, and Early Nineteenth-Century Missions* (Hong Kong University Press, 1979)
* Christopher Hancock, *Robert Morrison and the Birth of Chinese Protestantism* (T & T Clark, 1979)
* Baiyu Andrew Song, *Training Laborers For His Harvest: A Historical Study of William Milne's Mentorship of Liang Fa* (Wipf & Stock, 2015).

## InfoBox

| William Milne | |
| --- | --- |
| Missionary to China | |
| Born | April 1785
Kennethmont, Aberdeenshire, Scotland |
| Died | 2 June 1822 (1822-06-03) (aged 37)
Malacca, Malaysia |
|  | |
| Religion | Reformed |
|  | |


title: Miharashidai Station

abstract: Miharashidai Station is a passenger railway station in the village of Minamiaso, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the third sector transportation company, Minami Aso Railway.

text:
# Miharashidai Station

**Miharashidai Station** (見晴台駅, *Miharashidai-eki*) is a passenger railway station in the village of Minamiaso, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the third sector transportation company, Minami Aso Railway.

## Lines

The station is served by the Takamori Line and is located 16.1bsp;km from the starting point of the line at Tateno.

## Layout

Miharashidai Station is a ground-level station with one side platform. The station building is patterned after a log cabin, and the station is unattended.

## History

The station was opened on 1 October, 1986. Following the damage to bridges and tunnels on the Takamori line from severe earthquakes in April 2016, the entire line was shut down from14–16 April 2016, Service was resumed on 31 July of the same year.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2018, the station was used by an average of 1 passengers daily.

## Surrounding area

The station is located near the border between Minamiaso village and Takamori town.

* Takamori Spring Water Tunnel Park - approx. 1.4 km.

Media related to Miharashidai Station at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Miharashidai Station
見晴台駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| Miharashidai Station, November 2006 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Ryohei, Minamiaso-mura, Aso-gun, Kumamoto-ken 869-1501
Japan |
| Coordinates | 32°49′03″N 131°06′36″E / 32.8174°N 131.1100°E / 32.8174; 131.1100 |
| Operated by | Minamiaso Railway |
| Line(s) | Takamori Line |
| Distance | 16.1 km (from Tateno Station) |
| Platforms | 1 side platform |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | At-grade |
| Other information | |
| Status | Unstaffed |
| History | |
| Opened | 1 October 1986 (1986-10-01) |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| FY2018 | 1 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station Mimamiaso Railway Following station  Minamiaso-Shirakawasuigentowards Tateno  Takamori Line  TakamoriTerminus | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Miharashidai StationLocation within Kumamoto PrefectureMiharashidai StationMiharashidai Station (Japan) | |


title: Haemodorum ensifolium

abstract: Haemodorum ensifolium is a shrub native to northwestern Australia.

text:
# Haemodorum ensifolium

***Haemodorum ensifolium*** is a shrub native to northwestern Australia.

## InfoBox

| *Haemodorum ensifolium* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Commelinales |
| Family: | Haemodoraceae |
| Genus: | *Haemodorum* |
| Species: | ***H. ensifolium*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Haemodorum ensifolium***<br>F.Muell. | |
|
|  | |


title: Pappinbarra River

abstract: The Pappinbarra River, a perennial stream of the Hastings River catchment, is located in the Mid North Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.

text:
# Pappinbarra River

The **Pappinbarra River**, a perennial stream of the Hastings River catchment, is located in the Mid North Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.

## Course and features

The Pappinbarra River rises below Mount Boss on the slopes of the Gibraltar Range within the Werrikimbe National Park, northwest of Pappinbarra Junction, New South Wales, and flows generally southeast before reaching its confluence with the Hastings River, near Beechwood. The river descends 376 metres (1,234 ft) over its 58 kilometres (36 mi) course.

31°21′S 152°28′E / 31.350°S 152.467°E / -31.350; 152.467

## InfoBox

| Pappinbarra River<br>Pappinbarra Creek, Left Arm of Pappinbarra Creek | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
| Country | Australia |
| State | New South Wales |
| IBRA | NSW North Coast |
| District | Mid North Coast |
| local government area | Port Macquarie-Hastings |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | Mount Boss, Gibraltar Range |
| location | northwest of Pappinbarra Junction, New South Wales |
| elevation | 392 m (1,286 ft) |
|  | |
| Mouth | confluence with the Hastings River |
| location | near Beechwood, New South Wales |
| elevation | 16 m (52 ft) |
| Length | 62 km (39 mi) |
| Basin features | |
| River system | Hastings River catchment |
| National park | Werrikimbe NP |
|  | |


title: HMS Talavera (1818)

abstract: HMS Talavera was a 74-gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 15 October 1818 at Woolwich Dockyard. She was named for the British/Spanish victory at the Battle of Talavera. She was destroyed in 1840 at Devonport dockyard in a large scale fire on 25 September 1840, which started in the North Dock. Talavera and Imogene were completely gutted, the fire spread to HMS Minden whose fire was successfully put out, and to nearby buildings and equipment. Estimates for the damage were put at £150,000 in then money, and would have totalled £500,000 had the fire not been contained.

text:
# HMS Talavera (1818)

**HMS *Talavera*** was a 74-gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 15 October 1818 at Woolwich Dockyard. She was named for the British/Spanish victory at the Battle of Talavera.

She was destroyed in 1840 at Devonport dockyard in a large scale fire on 25 September 1840, which started in the North Dock. *Talavera* and *Imogene* were completely gutted, the fire spread to HMS *Minden* whose fire was successfully put out, and to nearby buildings and equipment. Estimates for the damage were put at £150,000 in then money, and would have totalled £500,000 had the fire not been contained.

* Lavery, Brian (2003) The Ship of the Line - Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650–1850. Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-252-8.

## InfoBox

| *Talavera* | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United Kingdom | |
| Name | HMS *Talavera* |
| Ordered | 15 February 1814 |
| Builder | Woolwich Dockyard |
| Laid down | July 1814 |
| Launched | 15 October 1818 |
| Fate | Burnt, 1840 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *Repulse*-class ship of the line |
| Tons burthen | 1718 bm |
| Length | 174 ft (53 m) (gundeck) |
| Beam | 47 ft 4 in (14.43 m) |
| Depth of hold | 20 ft (6.1 m) |
| Propulsion | Sails |
| Sail plan | Full-rigged ship |
| Armament | * 74 guns: * Gundeck: 28 × 32 pdrs * Upper gundeck: 28 × 18 pdrs * Quarterdeck: 14 × 9 pdrs * Forecastle: 4 × 9 pdrs |


title: Jimmy Riley

abstract: Martin James Ziggy Norman Riley, better known as Jimmy Riley, was a Jamaican singer who in addition to recording solo was also a member of the Sensations and The Uniques and was the father of Tarrus Riley.

text:
# Jimmy Riley

**Martin James Ziggy Norman Riley** (22 May 1947 – 23 March 2016), better known as **Jimmy Riley**, was a Jamaican singer who in addition to recording solo was also a member of the Sensations and The Uniques and was the father of Tarrus Riley.

## Biography

Martin James Ziggy Norman Riley also known as Jimmy Riley was born in Jonestown, Kingston, Jamaica on 22 May 1947. Riley grew up in the city's Waterhouse district and attended Kingston Senior School along with Slim Smith. When Smith had success in The Techniques, Riley hung around with the group hoping to join, but was limited to carrying things for them and helping out with harmonies. He decided to form his own group, The Sensations, along with Cornell Campbell, Buster Riley (brother of The Techniques' Winston Riley), and Aaron "Dego" Davis. The Sensations had a successful audition for producer Arthur "Duke" Reid, and the group had mid-1960s success with "Everyday is Just a Holiday" and "Those Guys". On leaving the group in 1967, Riley joined Smith and Lloyd Charmers in the re-formed Uniques, having huge success with songs such as "Watch This Sound" and "My Conversation". When the Uniques split up, Riley initially recorded as a solo artist for Bunny Lee before moving away to record independently. He began producing his own recordings and others by artists such as Slim Smith and Delroy Wilson. He had several hits in the 1970s, including "Tell The Youths The Truth", "Nyah Bingi", and "Clean up the Streets", and continued to be successful in the 1980s, working with Sly & Robbie's Taxi productions. In 1983, Riley topped the UK reggae chart with his version of Marvin Gaye's "Sexual Healing". In the late 1980s, Riley moved to Miami, and put his career on hold, but returned to Jamaica in the early 1990s.

Riley's son Tarrus followed him into music and the success of Tarrus gave a boost to Jimmy's career. They performed together several times, headlining a number of festivals including the Ocho Rios Seafood Festival in 2007. Jimmy Riley's album release in 2008 *Sly and Robbie Presents Jimmy Riley: Pull Up Selector* saw him again working with Sly & Robbie, and features Tarrus on the title track, which was also released as a single in 2008.

In September 2013 he released the album *Contradiction*, that featured guest appearances from his son Tarrus, Sizzla, and Fantan Mojah.

He died on the morning of 23 March 2016 in New York from cancer, aged 68.

## Discography

* *Tell The Youths The Truth* (1978), Trojan
* *Majority Rule* (1978), Burning Sounds
* *Makossa International Records Presents Jimmy Riley* (1978), Makossa International
* *The Jimmy Riley Showcase* (1978), Burning Sounds/Yes/Makossa International
* *Rydim Driven* (1981), Taxi aka *Love & Devotion* (2000), Rhino
* *Put The People First* (1982), Shanachie
* *Magic* (1984), Imp
* *World for Everyone* (1985)
* *Love Fa Real* (1995),
* *Attention* (1996), Abraham
* *Rock On* (1998), Charm
* *Someone Like You* (1998), Nyam Up
* *Love Canticle* (2000), Charm
* *Jimmy Riley Now* (2001), Jet Star
* *Sly and Robbie Presents Jimmy Riley: Pull Up Selector* (2009), Taxi
* *Contradiction* (2013) VP

Compilations * *20 Classic Hits* (1993), Sonic Sounds
* *Live It To Know It* (2015), Self productions, Protest Songs & Dub Plates 1975 – 1985: Pressure Sounds

## InfoBox

| Jimmy Riley | |
| --- | --- |
| Riley pictured in 2010 | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Martin James Norman Riley |
| Born | (1947-05-22)22 May 1947 |
| Origin | Kingston, Jamaica |
| Died | 23 March 2016(2016-03-23) (aged 68)<br>New York City, United States |
| Genres | Ska, rocksteady, reggae |
| Occupation(s) | Singer, record producer |
| Years active | Mid-1960s2016 |


title: Naga Shaurya

abstract: Naga Shaurya is an Indian actor, producer, and writer who works in Telugu films. Shaurya made his debut with the coming-of-age film Cricket, Girls And Beer (2011). After starring in the National Award winning anthology film Chandamama Kathalu (2014), Shaurya had his breakthrough with the romantic comedy Oohalu Gusagusalade, the same year. Shaurya went onto establish himself as a leading actor with successful films such as - the romantic drama Dikkulu Choodaku Ramayya (2014), the romantic comedy Kalyana Vaibhogame (2016), the romantic Oka Manasu (2016), the comedy dramas Jyo Achyutananda (2016), and Chalo (2018), the fantasy comedy Oh! Baby (2019), the action thriller Ashwathama (2020) and the romantic comedy Varudu Kaavalenu (2021). Shaurya has since had suffered a career setback with four commercial failures, including Phalana Abbayi Phalana Ammayi (2023).

text:
# Naga Shaurya

**Naga Shaurya** (born 22 January 1989) is an Indian actor, producer, and writer who works in Telugu films. Shaurya made his debut with the coming-of-age film *Cricket, Girls And Beer* (2011). After starring in the National Award winning anthology film *Chandamama Kathalu* (2014), Shaurya had his breakthrough with the romantic comedy *Oohalu Gusagusalade*, the same year.

Shaurya went onto establish himself as a leading actor with successful films such as - the romantic drama *Dikkulu Choodaku Ramayya* (2014), the romantic comedy *Kalyana Vaibhogame* (2016), the romantic *Oka Manasu* (2016), the comedy dramas *Jyo Achyutananda* (2016), and *Chalo* (2018), the fantasy comedy *Oh! Baby* (2019), the action thriller *Ashwathama* (2020) and the romantic comedy *Varudu Kaavalenu* (2021). Shaurya has since had suffered a career setback with four commercial failures, including *Phalana Abbayi Phalana Ammayi* (2023).

## Early life

Naga Shaurya was born on 22 January 1989 in Godavari, Andhra Pradesh. He lived for several years in Vijayawada, before moving to Hyderabad to pursue his dream of acting in films. Prior to entering the film industry, he played tennis. Shaurya's parents Shankar Prasad and Usha Prasad are partners in his production house.

## Career

### Debut and early breakthrough (2011-2015)

Before he got his first role, Shaurya struggled for almost five years. He stated, "Every time I was on the verge of signing a film, something or the other would happen and I was back to square one", and added that he was "disappointed and wanted to go back to my parents". Shaurya first appeared on screen in *Cricket Girls & Beer*. Shaurya saw an advertisement by Vaaraahi Chalana Chitram, who were casting for Srinivas Avasarala's romantic comedy *Oohalu Gusagusalade* and sent in his portfolio. Although he had no hopes, he was selected for the lead role. While working on *Oohalu Gusagualade*, he was selected for a role in *Chandamama Kathalu* which released first. An anthology film, it featured Shaurya as part of an ensemble cast.

Shaurya's *Oohalu Gusagusalade* with Raashi Khanna, released two months later and became a critical and commercial success. While praising his performance *Deccan Chronicle* noted, "Naga Shourya is perfect for the role of Venky; he looks fresh and has performed with ease." His third release that year, *Dikkulu Choodaku Ramayya* with Sana Makbul, was again a romantic comedy. A triangular love story directed by Trikoti, it was about a son and father falling for the same girl. *The Hindu* wrote, "Naga Shaurya proves yet again that he's one of the best among the newer lot of actors. He brings in the required innocence of a teenager and shows his anguish and helplessness in the later portions effectively". Shaurya's final release of the year was *Lakshmi Raave Maa Intiki* with Avika Gor. In 2015, Shaurya appeared in *Jadoogadu* under the direction of Yogie opposite Sonarika Bhadoria.

### Success and rise in Telugu cinema (2016-2021)

Shaurya's career marked a turning point in 2016 with five films: *Abbayitho Ammayi,* B. V. Nandini Reddy's *Kalyana Vaibhogame,* G. V. Rama Raju's Oka Manasu, Srinivas Avasarala's *Jyo Achyutananda* and *Nee Jathaleka*. Of these films, only *Kalyana Vaibhogame* with Malvika Nair and *Jyo Achyutananda* with Regina Cassandra, were commercially successful. Praising his performance in *Jyo Achyutananda*, *Idlebrain* stated, "Naga Shourya is aptly cast. His character should look vulnerable and his casting helped it. He has done extremely well." While *The Hindu* opioned, "Naga Shourya is the pick of the lot here; he delivers an extremely nuanced performance." In 2017, Shaurya played a cameo in the film *Kathalo Rajakumari*.

Shaurya appeared in four films in 2018. The first release, *Chalo* with Rashmika Mandanna, was a box office success. *Firstpost* noted, "For Naga Shaurya, Chalo feels like a step in the right direction, and he’s completely at ease with himself. He succeeds to a good extent, until the story runs out of fuel." His other films that year, the Tamil-Telugu bilingual *Diya*, the family entertainer *Ammammagarillu* and the romantic comedy *Nartanasala* failed at the box office. *The Hindu* criticized the latter for its approach on gay people.

Shaurya's only release in 2019, was the fantasy comedy *Oh! Baby* with Samantha Ruth Prabhu. The film, which received positive reviews, was a commercial success. *Deccan Chronicle* said, "Naga Shaurya does his small role neatly." His 2020 action thriller film, *Aswathama* with Mehreen Pirzada, produced by his home banner Ira Creations, was a profitable venture. *Firstpost* opioned, "It is not just the narrative that keeps you at the edge of the seat but also a major credit for that goes to Shaurya. The actor has reinvented himself as an action hero, and the transformation works quite well." *Times of India* said, "Naga Shaurya does an okay job when it comes to portraying emotions for some reason. His frustration and anger work well for the action scenes.".

In 2021, Shaurya had two releases, *Varudu Kaavalenu* and *Lakshya*. The former had an average run where as *Lakshya* failed to get the cash registers ringing at the box office. *The News Minute* termed his performance in *Varudu Kaavalenu* as "convincing". For *Lakshya*, *Times of India* stated, "The film clearly shows off the hard work that Shaurya has put in. For someone who has played a boy-next-door for the most part, this film is a test to his caliber and it’s not just his body that has transformed."

### Commercial fluctuations (2022–present)

Shaurya's only film in 2022, *Krishna Vrinda Vihari* with Shirley Setia, was a box-office failure. *The Hindu* praised him and stated that Naga Shaurya has puts up a "spirited performance".

Shaurya had two releases in 2023 - *Phalana Abbayi Phalana Ammayi* with Malvika Nair and *Rangabali* with Yukti Thareja. Despite mixed to positive reviews, both the films turned out to be box-office disappointments. For *Phalana Abbayi Phalana Ammayi*, *Telangana Today* stated, "Naga Shaurya proves that he’s a bankable star when it comes to the rom-com genre." *The Indian Express* noted his work in *Rangabali* and said, "Naga Shaurya does a good job in a character tailor-made for him."

Shaurya will next appear in Raja Kolusu's film *Nari Nari Naduma Murari*, Mahesh S. Koneru's film *Police Vari Hecharika* and a SS Arunachalam's film which is tentatively titled *NS24*.

## Personal life

Shaurya married his girlfriend Anusha Shetty in Bengaluru on 20 November, 2022. Anusha is an interior designer based in Bangalore. Shaurya is an animal lover and owns a dog.

## Other work and media image

*123telugu* termed Shaurya a "promising and talented actor". In Hyderabad Times' Most Desirable Men list, Shaurya was placed 10th in 2016 and 5th in 2020.

In 2015, Shaurya donated Rs. 50000 to a soldier named Botta Satyam's family who had been killed while fighting terrorists in Jammu and Kashmir. In Lakshmi Manchu's show *Memu Saitham*, Shaurya ran a salon to raise funds for a farmer's family. Shaurya and Samantha Ruth Prabhu also attended Hyderabad traffic police initiative "Road Safety Clubs in Schools".

### Ira Creations

Shaurya started his own production house named Ira Creations and first produced *Chalo* (2018), with his mother Usha Mulpuri. Since then, Shaurya has co-produced *Nartanasala* (2018), *Aswathama* (2020) and *Krishna Vrinda Vihari* (2022).

## Filmography

### Films

Key
|  | Denotes films that have not yet been released |
| --- | --- |

* *All films are in Telugu, unless otherwise noted.*

| Year | Title | Role | Notes | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2011 | *Cricket Girls & Beer* | Vikram |  |  |
| 2014 | *Chandamama Kathalu* | Raju |  |  |
| | *Oohalu Gusagusalade* | N. Venkateswara "Venky" Rao |  |  |
| | *Dikkulu Choodaku Ramayya* | Madhu |  |  |
| | *Lakshmi Raave Maa Intiki* | Sai |  |  |
| 2015 | *Jadoogadu* | Krishna |  |  |
| 2016 | *Abbayitho Ammayi* | Abhi |  |  |
| | *Kalyana Vaibhogame* | Shourya |  |  |
| | *Oka Manasu* | Surya |  |  |
| | *Jyo Achyutananda* | Anand Vardhan Rao |  |  |
| | *Nee Jathaleka* | Akhil |  |  |
| 2017 | *Kathalo Rajakumari* | Shourya | Cameo appearance |  |
| 2018 | *Chalo* | Hari |  |  |
| | *Kanam* | Krishna |  |  |
| | *Diya* | Tamil film |  |
| | *Ammammagarillu* | Santhosh |  |  |
| | *Nartanasala* | Radha Krishna |  |  |
| 2019 | *Oh! Baby* | Vikram |  |  |
| 2020 | *Aswathama* | Gana |  |  |
| 2021 | *Varudu Kaavalenu* | Akash |  |  |
| | *Lakshya* | Pardhu |  |  |
| 2022 | *Krishna Vrinda Vihari* | Krishna Chari |  |  |
| 2023 | *Phalana Abbayi Phalana Ammayi* | Sanjay Pisapati |  |  |
| | *Rangabali* | Shaurya "Show" |  |  |
| 2024 | *Police Vari Hecharika* | TBA | Completed |  |
| TBA | *#NS24* | TBA | Filming |  |
| TBA | *Nari Nari Naduma Murari* | TBA | Completed |  |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2017 | *No. 1 Yaari* | Himself | with Nara Rohit |  |
| 2018 | | *Memu Saitham 2* | Episode 4 |  |

### Other crew positions

| Year | Title | Role | Notes | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2018 | *Bhoomi* | Director | Short film |  |
| | *Chalo* | Co-producer | Under Ira Creations |  |
| | | *Nartanasala* |  |
| 2020 | | *Aswathama* | Co-producer and story writer |  |
| 2022 | | *Krishna Vrinda Vihari* | Co-producer |  |

## InfoBox

| Naga Shaurya | |
| --- | --- |
| Naga Shaurya in 2022 | |
| Born | (1989-01-22) 22 January 1989<br>Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India |
| Alma mater | St. Mary's College, Hyderabad |
| Occupations | * Actor * producer * writer |
| Years active | 2011–present |
| Spouse | Anusha Shetty (m. 2022) |


title: Mike Tyson vs. Donovan Ruddock

abstract: Mike Tyson vs. Donovan Ruddock, billed as Fight of the Year, was a professional boxing match contested on March 18, 1991 at the Mirage in Paradise, Nevada. At the time the two fighters were the top two ranked contenders for the WBC, WBA, and IBF world heavyweight championships that were at the time held by Evander Holyfield. The bout was a twelve-round championship eliminator fight, with the winner becoming the mandatory challenger to Holyfield's crown. Tyson, the former champion, defeated Ruddock by technical knockout in the seventh round but the circumstances surrounding the stoppage nearly caused a riot and a rematch was signed to settle the dispute.

text:
# Mike Tyson vs. Donovan Ruddock

**Mike Tyson vs. Donovan Ruddock**, billed as ***Fight of the Year***, was a professional boxing match contested on March 18, 1991 at the Mirage in Paradise, Nevada. At the time the two fighters were the top two ranked contenders for the WBC, WBA, and IBF world heavyweight championships that were at the time held by Evander Holyfield. The bout was a twelve-round championship eliminator fight, with the winner becoming the mandatory challenger to Holyfield's crown.

Tyson, the former champion, defeated Ruddock by technical knockout in the seventh round but the circumstances surrounding the stoppage nearly caused a riot and a rematch was signed to settle the dispute.

## Background

Tyson and Ruddock had originally been set to face each other on November 18, 1989, in Edmonton, Alberta, in Ruddock's adopted home country of Canada for Tyson's undisputed world championship. However, the fight was postponed and ultimately cancelled because Tyson was suffering from costochondritis. Tyson instead would fight James "Buster" Douglas on February 11, 1990 in Tokyo, where he would be knocked out in a massive upset and lose his belts.

Tyson would fight twice more in 1990 and won both bouts by first-round knockout. He defeated 1984 Olympic gold medalist Henry Tillman on June 16 and then beat undefeated up-and-coming prospect Alex Stewart on December 8.

Ruddock, meanwhile, had won twenty-five of his first twenty-seven fights, with his only defeat coming at the hands of journeyman David Jaco early in his career. He had also defeated former world champions Mike Weaver, James "Bonecrusher" Smith, and Michael Dokes along the way.

On December 9, 1990, the day after Tyson defeated Stewart, Tyson promoter Don King announced Ruddock would indeed be Tyson's next opponent while also announcing that Tyson and Showtime had agreed to a blockbuster long term pay-per-view deal that would pay Tyson $120 million.

## The fight

The fight was a hard-fought one, with both men hitting each other with power punches throughout the fight. Early in the second round, Tyson scored a controversial knockdown. After being hit with a left hook to the shoulder, Ruddock tripped over Tyson's right leg and fell to the canvas. Referee Richard Steele awarded Tyson with the knockdown. Shortly after, Tyson would illegally hit Ruddock with a right hand as the two men were being separated by Steele, though Steele did not deduct a point from Tyson. Ruddock would suffer another knockdown late in round 3. After hitting Tyson with a straight left hand with less than 10 seconds to go in the round, Tyson countered with a powerful left hook to the side of Ruddock's head that again sent Ruddock to the canvas. Ruddock was able to get up at the count of 8 as the round ended. The fight would come to an end with less than a minute remaining in round 7. Tyson was able to hit Ruddock with a six-punch combination. Though Ruddock remained on his feet and was seemingly healthy enough to continue the fight, Steele stepped between the two fighters and stopped the fight, awarding Tyson the victory by technical knockout.

## Aftermath

The decision enraged Ruddock's corner with Ruddock's brother and manager, Delroy storming the ring to confront Steele. Tyson's trainer Richie Giachetti attempted to restrain Delroy but a melee ensued that also involved Ruddock's promoter Murad Muhammad. Mirage security had to break up the scuffle and escort Steele to safety.

## Undercard

Confirmed bouts:

There were two world championship bouts on the undercard of the event.

In the first, Julio Cesar Chavez defended his WBC and IBF super lightweight championships against John Duplessis, knocking him out in the fourth round to extend his undefeated streak to seventy-three bouts.

The second was a title unification bout between IBF welterweight champion Maurice Blocker and WBC welterweight champion Simon Brown. Brown won by TKO in the tenth round to take Blocker’s title despite Blocker being ahead on all of the judges’ scorecards at the time of the stoppage.

Future multi-time middleweight and light heavyweight champion Bernard Hopkins was also featured on the undercard, as was former world heavyweight champion Greg Page and multi-class world champion Roberto Duran. Hopkins and Page won their fights by knockout, while Duran was injured in his bout with Pat Lawlor and could not continue.

## Broadcasting

| Country | Broadcaster |
| --- | --- |
| Philippines | Islands TV 13 |
| United States | Showtime |

## InfoBox

Fight of the Year
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | March 18, 1991 |
| Venue | The Mirage, Paradise, Nevada, U.S. |
| Tale of the tape | |
| Boxer Mike Tyson Donovan Ruddock  Nickname  Iron  Razor  Hometown Catskill, New York, U.S. Toronto, Ontario, Canada  Purse  $2,000,000  $3,000,000  Pre-fight record  39–1 (35 KO)  25–1–1 (18 KO)  Age  24 years, 8 months  27 years, 2 months  Height  5 ft 10 in (178 cm)  6 ft 3 in (191 cm)  Weight  217 lb (98 kg)  228 lb (103 kg)  Style  Orthodox  Orthodox  Recognition WBA/WBC/IBF
No. 1 Ranked Heavyweight
Former undisputed heavyweight champion WBA/WBC/IBF
No. 2 Ranked Heavyweight | |
| Result | |
| **Tyson** wins via 7th-round **TKO** | |


title: William Gibson (bishop)

abstract: William Gibson was an English Catholic prelate who served as Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District from 1790 to 1821. He was previously president of the English College, Douai from 1781 to 1790.

text:
# William Gibson (bishop)

**William Gibson** (2 February 1738 – 2 June 1821) was an English Catholic prelate who served as Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District from 1790 to 1821. He was previously president of the English College, Douai from 1781 to 1790.

## Biography

Born in Stonecroft, near Hexham, Northumberland on 2 February 1738, the son of Jasper Gibson and Margaret Gibson (née Leadbitter). He was sent for his education to Douai and served as president of the college from 1781 to 1790.

Gibson was ordained to the priesthood in 1764. Following the death of his older brother Matthew on 17 May 1790, William was appointed the Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District and Titular Bishop of *Achantus* on 10 September 1790. He was consecrated to the Episcopate at Lulworth Castle by Bishop Charles Walmesley on 5 December 1790.

When the English College at Douai was forced to close in 1795 following the French Revolution, some of the students were settled temporarily at Crook Hall northwest of Durham. In 1804 Bishop Gibson began to build at Ushaw Moor, four miles west of Durham. These buildings, designed by James Taylor, were opened as St Cuthbert's College in 1808.

Bishop Gibson resided principally at York, although sometimes with the resident priest at Durham, Thomas Smith, who, in 1810, he requested as his coadjutor. In 1819, becoming increasing more frail in mind and body, his powers to transferred to Bishop Smith.

He died in office on 2 June 1821, aged 83, at Ushaw and was buried in the college cemetery at Ushaw College which he himself had founded in 1804.

## InfoBox

| The Right Reverend
William Gibson | |
| --- | --- |
| Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District | |
| Church | Roman Catholic Church |
| In office | 1790–1821 |
| Predecessor | Matthew Gibson |
| Successor | Thomas Smith |
| Other post(s) | Titular Bishop of Achantus |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 1764 (priesthood) |
| Consecration | 5 December 1790
by Charles Walmesley |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1738-02-02)2 February 1738
Hexham, Northumberland, England |
| Died | 2 June 1821(1821-06-02) (aged 83)
Ushaw Moor, County Durham, England |
| Nationality | English |
| Denomination | Roman Catholicism |


title: First Matrika Prasad Koirala cabinet

text:
# First Matrika Prasad Koirala cabinet

Matrika Prasad Koirala formed the first government of Nepal by a commoner after he was appointed as the prime minister by King Tribhuvan. The government was formed after the previous government under Mohan SJB Rana fell after Nepali Congress ministers resigned. King Tribhuvan made a royal proclamation on 16 November 1951 and invited Matrika Prasad Koirala from the Nepali Congress to form the government.

Matrika Prasad Koirala resigned on 14 August 1952 after dissent in the Nepali Congress against his working methods and was replaced by the direct rule of King Tribhuvan and his advisors.

## Cabinet

| Portfolio | Minister | Affiliation | Took office | Left office |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Prime Minister** Minister for General Administration
Minister of Foreign Affairs | Hon. Matrika Prasad Koirala | Nepali Congress | 16 November 1951 | 14 August 1952 |
| Minister of Finance | Subarna SJB Rana | Nepali Congress | 16 November 1951 | 14 August 1952 |
| Minister of Home Affairs Minister of Food | Surya Prasad Upadhyaya | Nepali Congress | 16 November 1951 | 14 August 1952 |
| Minister for Transportation | Bhadrakali Mishra | Nepali Congress | 16 November 1951 | 14 August 1952 |
| Minister for Agriculture, Livestock and Canals Minister of Land Management | Ganesh Man Singh | Nepali Congress | 16 November 1951 | 14 August 1952 |
| Minister of Defence | Kaiser SJB Rana | Rana regime | 16 November 1951 | 14 August 1952 |
| Minister for Industry, Commerce and Supplies | Mahendra Bikram Shah | Nepali Congress | 16 November 1951 | 14 August 1952 |
| Minister for Planning, Mines, Forest and Electricity | Mahabir SJB Rana | Rana regime | 16 November 1951 | 14 August 1952 |
| Minister for Parliamentary Affairs | Khadga Man Singh | Nepali Congress | 16 November 1951 | 14 August 1952 |
| Minister for Education | Sarda SJB Rana | Rana regime | 16 November 1951 | 14 August 1952 |
| Minister for Local Autonomous Administration | Narad Muni Thulung | Nepali Congress | 16 November 1951 | 14 August 1952 |
| Minister for Law and Justice | Bhagwati Prasad Singh | Nepali Congress | 16 November 1951 | 14 August 1952 |
| Minister of State for Health | Nar Bahadur Gurung | Nepali Congress | 16 November 1951 | 14 August 1952 |
| Minister of State for Forests | Dharma Ratna Yami | Nepali Congress | 16 November 1951 | 14 August 1952 |

## InfoBox

| First Matrika Prasad Koirala cabinet | |
| --- | --- |
|
Cabinet of Nepal | |
| November 1951–August 1952 | |
| M.P. Koirala | |
| Date formed | 16 November 1951 (1951-11-16) |
| Date dissolved | 14 August 1952 (1952-08-14) |
| People and organisations | |
| Monarch | King Tribhuvan |
| Prime Minister | Matrika Prasad Koirala |
| Total no. of members | 14 appointments |
| Member party | Nepali Congress |
| History | |
| Predecessor | Mohan SJB Rana cabinet, 1951 |
| Successor | M.P. Koirala cabinet, 1953 |


title: Miguel Ximénez

abstract: Miguel "El Chino" Ximénez Acosta is an Uruguayan former professional footballer who played as a striker.

text:
# Miguel Ximénez

**Miguel "El Chino" Ximénez Acosta** (born 13 September 1977) is an Uruguayan former professional footballer who played as a striker.

## Career

Ximénez was born in Maldonado. He was the top goalscorer in the Torneo Apertura 2008, with 20 goals in 20 games playing for Sporting Cristal, also breaking Sergio Ibarra's record of 17 goals in a Torneo Apertura.

On 26 October 2008, Ximénez scored a hat-trick against José Gálvez FBC and broke Juan Caballero's record of 29 goals in a single season with Sporting Cristal.

After a year with Club Libertad, Ximénez returned to Sporting Cristal for the 2010 season.

In 2012, he signed a new contract in the Peruvian First Division scoring 20 goals in 20 games playing for Club Universitario de Deportes. In the Peruvian 2013 Championship, he won his first National title with Universitario de Deportes.

## Honours

**Universitario de Deportes**

## InfoBox

Miguel Ximénez
| Ximénez in 2013 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Miguel Alejandro Ximénez Acosta | | |
| Date of birth | (1977-09-13) 13 September 1977 | | |
| Place of birth | Maldonado, Uruguay | | |
| Height | 1.72 m (5 ft 8 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Striker | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1997–2005 | Deportivo Maldonado | 74 | (27) |
| 2002 | Atenas de San Carlos (loan) | 9 | (3) |
| 2003 | Plaza Colonia (loan) | 19 | (9) |
| 2004 | CSD Comunicaciones (loan) | 22 | (13) |
| 2005–2007 | Danubio F.C. | 4 | (1) |
| 2005–2006 | Montevideo Wanderers (loan) | 43 | (27) |
| 2007 | Junior Barranquilla (loan) | 19 | (8) |
| 2008–2011 | Sporting Cristal | 95 | (47) |
| 2009 | Club Libertad (loan) | 16 | (8) |
| 2012–2013 | Universitario de Deportes | 55 | (24) |
| 2014 | Deportivo Maldonado | 12 | (5) |
| 2014–2015 | Cienciano | 23 | (4) |
| 2015-2016 | Atenas de San Carlos | 10 | (2) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 28 August 2011 | | | |


title: Haemodorum tenuifolium

abstract: Haemodorum tenuifolium is a plant native to southeastern Australia.

text:
# Haemodorum tenuifolium

***Haemodorum tenuifolium*** is a plant native to southeastern Australia.

## InfoBox

| *Haemodorum tenuifolium* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Commelinales |
| Family: | Haemodoraceae |
| Genus: | *Haemodorum* |
| Species: | ***H. tenuifolium*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Haemodorum tenuifolium***<br>A.Cunn. ex Benth. | |
|
|  | |