abstract: The Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT) website disseminates statistical data collected and maintained by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). FAOSTAT data are provided as a time-series from 1961 in most domains for 245 countries in English, Spanish and French.

text:
# Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database

The **Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database** (**FAOSTAT**) website disseminates statistical data collected and maintained by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). FAOSTAT data are provided as a time-series from 1961 in most domains for 245 countries in English, Spanish and French.

## About FAOSTAT

FAOSTAT is maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. In working directly with the countries, the Statistics Division supports the development of national statistical strategies, the strengthening of Institution and technical capacities, and the improvement of statistical systems.

The FAOSTAT system is one of FAO’s most important corporate systems. It is a major component of FAO’s information systems, contributing to the organization’s strategic objective of collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and disseminating information relating to nutrition, food and agriculture for development and the fight against global hunger and malnutrition. It is at the core of the World Agricultural Information Centre (WAICENT). WAICENT gives access to FAO’s vast store of information on agricultural and food topics – statistical data, documents, books, images, and maps.

## FAOSTAT Domains

* **Production** The Agricultural Production domain covers: Produced quantities, producer prices, value at farmgate, harvested area, yield per hectare.
* **Trade** The Agriculture Trade domain provides comprehensive, comparable, and up-to-date annual trade statistics by country, region and economic country groups for about 600 individual food and agriculture commodities since 1961. The detailed food and agriculture trade data collected, processed and disseminated by FAO according to the standard International Merchandise Trade Statistics Methodology (IMTS) are directly submitted by the national authorities to FAO or received via international or regional partner organizations. Data for missing reporters are estimated manly through the use of the data reported by the trading partners. The total merchandise trade value by country is annually updated according to the national publications on Balance of Payment and trade statistics and harmonised with the consolidated figures disseminated by the WTO-Common Data Set (CDS) on Total Merchandise Trade Statistics by countries.
* **Food Security** Food supply data is some of the most important data in FAOSTAT. In fact, this data is for the basis for estimation of global and national undernourishment assessment, when it is combined with parameters and other data sets. This data has been the foundation of Food Balance Sheets ever since they were first constructed. The data is accessed by both business and governments for economic analysis and policy setting, as well as being used by the academic community.
* **Agri-Environmental Indicators** Agri-environmental indicators (AEI) are indicators able to describe and assess state and trends in the environmental performance of agriculture to furnish useful indications to scientists and policymakers about the state of the environment, about the effects of different policies, as well as about the efficiency in the use of budgets in terms of environmental outcomes.
* **Food Balance Sheet** A food balance sheet presents a comprehensive picture of the pattern of a country's food supply during a specified reference period. Food balance sheets are prepared for both individual countries and regional/economic country aggregates. The domain covers production, trade, feed and seed, waste, other utilisation, and food availability.
* **Prices** The prices domain of FAOSTAT contains: annual and monthly producer prices, annual producer price index, and consumer price index.
* **Resources** Some of the most interesting data for economists is found in this domain. The national distribution of land, among arable land, pasture and other lands, as well as the importance of irrigation are just some of the interesting data sets.
* **Emissions** FAOSTAT data on Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions by countries are provided within the FAOSTAT Emissions database \[1,2,3\], covering nearly 200 countries. GHG emissions are estimated in agreement with the default methodologies of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2006 Guidelines for National GHG Inventories \[2\]. The FAOSTAT Emissions data directly contributed to the IPCC 5th Assessment Report \[3\]. The GHG data are updated automatically at annual intervals. They are accessible in FAOSTAT via two separate domains: Emissions-Agriculture and Emissions-Land Use.
* **Emissions-Agriculture** This FAOSTAT data domain contains estimates of GHG emissions for nearly 200 countries, for the reference period 1961–present \[1,2,3\], following default (Tier 1) IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National GHG Inventories \[4\]. Emissions from agriculture comprise methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) gases released through microbial fixation and decomposition processes in crop fields and livestock systems, in the following sub-categories:
    + Enteric Fermentation
    + Manure Management
    + Rice Cultivation
    + Synthetic Fertilizers
    + Manure applied to Soils
    + Manure left on Pasture
    + Crop Residues
    + Cultivation of Organic Soils
    + Burning - Crop Residues
    + Burning – Savanna
    + Energy Use in Agriculture

The FAOSTAT data contributed to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report \[5\].

* **Emissions-Land Use** This FAOSTAT data domain contains estimates of GHG emissions for nearly 200 countries, for the reference period 1990-2010 \[1, 2, 3\], following default (Tier 1) IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National GHG Inventories \[4\]. The GHG data include emissions by sources and removals by sinks from Forestry and Other Land Use activities (FOLU), also referred to as Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF). Except for Biomass Burning, containing only non-CO2 emissions from anthropogenic fires, FOLU emissions and removals are dominated by CO2 lost or stored as a result of human intervention on the following four IPCC land use categories:
    + Forest Land (net forest conversion, forest)
    + Cropland (cropland organic soils)
    + Grassland (grassland organic soils)
    + Biomass Burning (biomass and peat fires)

Emissions and removals are calculated both within land categories (e.g. due to management) and for conversion between land categories (e.g. due to human-driven land use change). Data contribute to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report \[5\].

* **Investment** In the FAOSTAT investment domain, data can be found on private investment in agriculture, official development assistance to agriculture, and government spending.
* **Forestry** FAOSTAT–Forestry provides annual production and trade estimates for numerous forest products, primarily wood products such as roundwood, sawnwood, wood panels, pulp and paper. For many forest products, historical data are available from 1961. The forestry domain covers: forestry production and forestry trade flows.
* **World Census of Agriculture** This FAOSTAT data domain, entitled "Structural data from agricultural censuses," was launched in 2022. This domain contains structural data from agricultural censuses conducted since the 1930 decade, under the decennial World Programme for the Census of Agriculture. Structural data include the size and number of agricultural holdings, the holder’s gender, the type of land tenure, the legal status of holders, as well as information on land use, crop area and farm labour.

Data contained in FAOSTAT are also published in the FAO Statistical Yearbook in hard copy and online.

1. FAO, 2014. Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use Emissions by Sources and Removals by Sinks: 1990-2011 Analysis. FAO Statistics Division Working Paper Series, 14/01. UN FAO, Rome, Italy.
2. Tubiello, F. N., Salvatore, M., Ferrara. A., Rossi. S., Fitton. N., and Smith. P., 2013. The FAOSTAT database of GHG Emissions from agriculture, Env. Res. Lett. 8 doi:10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/015009.
3. IPCC, 2006. 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, Eggleston H.S., Buendia L., Miwa K., Ngara T. and Tanabe K. (Eds), IGES, Hayama, Japan.
4. Smith, P., Bustamante, M., Ahammad, H., Clark, H., Dong, H., Elsiddig, E.A., Haberl, H., Harper, R., House, J., Jafari, M., Masera, O., Mbow, C., Ravindranath, N.H., Rice, C.W., Robledo Abad, C., Romanovskaya, A., Sperling, F., Tubiello, F.N., 2014. Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU). In Climate change 2014: Mitigation. Contribution of Working group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change


title: For the Strength of Youth (pamphlet)

abstract: For the Strength of Youth is a pamphlet distributed by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints that "summarizes standards from scripture and from the writings and teachings of Church leaders." The pamphlet's target audience is young men and young women of the LDS Church, although its principles are applicable to all age groups in the church. It is available on the Internet and in print form. The pamphlet was first published in 1965, with its 10th and most recent edition released in 2022. The pamphlet was to be put "in the hands of every young person in each ward".

text:
# For the Strength of Youth (pamphlet)

***For the Strength of Youth*** is a pamphlet distributed by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) that "summarizes standards from scripture and from the writings and teachings of Church leaders." The pamphlet's target audience is young men and young women of the LDS Church, although its principles are applicable to all age groups in the church. It is available on the Internet and in print form. The pamphlet was first published in 1965, with its 10th and most recent edition released in 2022. The pamphlet was to be put "in the hands of every young person in each ward".

## History

The LDS Church first published "For the Strength of Youth" in 1965. Subsequent editions were published in 1966, two in 1968, 1969, 1972, 1990, 2001, 2011, and most recently in 2022 (10th edition). The first edition of the pamphlet had 16 pages, while the ninth edition had 44 pages. Regarding the 2011 version, Young Women general president Elaine S. Dalton said, "The standards have not changed, but times have changed.... *For the Strength of Youth* has been revised to address the issues youth face today — to teach them the doctrine behind the standards and the promised blessings of obedience." The covers evolved from a depiction of a family in the first five editions to depictions of youth in the 1972 and 1990 versions, which were replaced with images of the Salt Lake Temple in some editions, a reflection of its goal to "help you prepare to make sacred covenants in the temple temple". The 10th edition also added a subtitle with it, called "For the Strength of Youth: A Guide for Making Choices." Dieter F. Uchtdorf, of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, stated the resource had been "refreshed to better cope with the challenges and temptations of our day." He said the pamphlet will teach people eternal truths about who they are and who Christ is, as well as how people can make choices based on the truths taught.

## Contents

The current (10th) edition (2022) contains the follow sections:

* Message from the First Presidency
* Make inspired choices
* Jesus Christ will help you
* Love God, love your neighbor
* Walk in God's light
* Your body is sacred
* Truth will make you free
* Find joy in Christ
* Appendix
* What about . . . ?

### Homosexuality

The first explicit mention of homosexuality was contained in the 1990 seventh version of the pamphlet where it says, "the Lord specifically forbids ... sex perversion such as homosexuality". It continues "homosexual and lesbian activities are sinful and an abomination to the Lord" and "unnatural affections ... toward persons of the same gender are counter to God's eternal plan". The 2001 eighth version removes any mention of "unnatural affections" and "abomination" and only states, "homosexual activity is a serious sin. If you find your-self struggling with same-gender attraction, seek counsel from your parents and bishop. They will help you." In 2011, the ninth version was released adding to the 2001 paragraph that "lesbian behavior" is also a "serious sin" and that the youth should speak to their parents and bishop if they "are being persuaded to participate in inappropriate behavior". The 2022 update stated, "Feeling same-sex attraction is not a sin. If you have these feelings and do not pursue or act on them, you are living Heavenly Father's sacred law of chastity."

## For the Strength of Youth conferences

In 2019, the LDS Church announced the intent to begin regional week-long youth activities called For the Strength of Youth (FSY) conference worldwide in 2020. Such conferences have been previously held outside of the United States and Canada. The FSY conferences in the United States and Canada replaced Especially for Youth conferences that had been operated by church-owned Brigham Young University for more than 40 years. A press release explains, "FSY conferences include activities, devotionals, and classes designed to help strengthen faith in Jesus Christ and provide opportunities for youth to grow spiritually, socially, physically, and intellectually." Young Men general president Steven J. Lund stated that "Experiences like FSY conferences ... can help to burnish our testimonies, taking us through arcs of growth and spiritual discovery to places of relative peace." Apart from classes and devotionals, some of the activities during these conferences, as explained on the official FSY page, include gospel study, dances, games, goal setting, and a musical program. The starting of FSY conferences in the United States and Canada was delayed until 2021, due to the coronavirus pandemic.

## InfoBox

For the Strength of Youth
| 2011 edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints |
| Publisher | Intellectual Reserve, Inc. |
| Publication date | 1965 (1st ed.) <br>2022 (10th, current ed.) |
| OCLC | 23198861 |


title: Ylä-Enonvesi

abstract: Ylä-Enonvesi is a medium-sized lake in the Vuoksi main catchment area. It is located in the Southern Savonia region in Finland. The lake is important area of fishing industry.

text:
# Ylä-Enonvesi

**Ylä-Enonvesi** is a medium-sized lake in the Vuoksi main catchment area. It is located in the Southern Savonia region in Finland. The lake is important area of fishing industry.

## InfoBox

| Ylä-Enonvesi | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Ylä-Enonvesi | |
| Coordinates | 62°03′40″N 29°00′11″E / 62.061°N 29.003°E / 62.061; 29.003 |
| Primary inflows | Enonkoski rapids |
| Primary outflows | Uitonsalmi |
| Catchment area | Vuoksi |
| Basin countries | Finland |
|  | |
| Max. length | 9 km (5.6 mi) |
| Max. width | 2 km (1.2 mi) |
| Surface area | 11.859 km2 (4.579 sq mi) |
| Shore length1 | 74.79 km (46.47 mi) |
| Surface elevation | 81 m (266 ft) |
|  | |
| Settlements | Enonkoski |
| 1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure. | |


title: Trubarevac

abstract: Trubarevac is a village in the municipality of Sokobanja, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 617 people.

text:
# Trubarevac

**Trubarevac** is a village in the municipality of Sokobanja, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 617 people.

43°40′02″N 21°45′21″E / 43.66722°N 21.75583°E / 43.66722; 21.75583

## InfoBox

| Trubarevac | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Trubarevac | |
| Coordinates: 43°40′02″N 21°45′21″E / 43.66722°N 21.75583°E / 43.66722; 21.75583 | |
| Country | Serbia |
| District | Zaječar District |
| Municipality | Sokobanja |
| Population (2002) | |
| Total | 617 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Oman at the 2010 Asian Para Games

abstract: Oman participated in the 2010 Asian Para Games–First Asian Para Games in Guangzhou, China from 13 to 19 December 2010. Athletes from Oman competed in two events.

text:
# Oman at the 2010 Asian Para Games

**Oman** participated in the 2010 Asian Para Games–First Asian Para Games in Guangzhou, China from 13 to 19 December 2010. Athletes from Oman competed in two events.

## InfoBox

| Oman at the
2010 Asian Para Games | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| IOC code | OMA |
| NPC | Oman Paralympic Committee |
| in Guangzhou
12–19 December 2010 | |
| Competitors | 6 in 2 sports |
| Medals | Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 |
| Asian Para Games appearances (overview) | |
|  | |


title: Marlens

abstract:
Marlens was a commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.
On 1 January 2016 it was merged with Cons-Sainte-Colombe to create the new commune Val-de-Chaise.
There's a popular paragliding site on the hillside to the north of the village. The paragliders land at the village itself.

text:
# Marlens

**Marlens** (French pronunciation: \[maʁlɑ̃\]) was a commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. On 1 January 2016 it was merged with Cons-Sainte-Colombe to create the new commune Val-de-Chaise. There's a popular paragliding site on the hillside to the north of the village. The paragliders land at the village itself.

## InfoBox

| Marlens | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of Val-de-Chaise | |
| A general view of Marlens | |
|  | |
| Location of Marlens | |
| MarlensMarlens | |
| Coordinates: 45°46′07″N 6°21′00″E / 45.7686°N 6.35°E / 45.7686; 6.35 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes |
| Department | Haute-Savoie |
| Arrondissement | Annecy |
| Canton | Faverges |
| Commune | Val-de-Chaise |
| Area**1** | 15.23 km2 (5.88 sq mi) |
| Population (2019) | 990 |
| Density | 65/km2 (170/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Merlinois / Merlinoises |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 74210 |
| Elevation | 437–1,841 m (1,434–6,040 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Nowe Dębno

abstract: Nowe Dębno is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Tychowo, within Białogard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south of Tychowo, 23 km (14 mi) south-east of Białogard, and 118 km (73 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

text:
# Nowe Dębno

**Nowe Dębno** \[ˈnɔvɛ ˈdɛmbnɔ\] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Tychowo, within Białogard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south of Tychowo, 23 km (14 mi) south-east of Białogard, and 118 km (73 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

## InfoBox

| Nowe Dębno | |
| --- | --- |
| Settlement | |
| Nowe Dębno | |
| Coordinates: 53°50′46″N 16°12′36″E / 53.84611°N 16.21000°E / 53.84611; 16.21000 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | West Pomeranian |
| County | Białogard |
| Gmina | Tychowo |


title: Michael Gerber (bishop)

abstract: Michael Gerber is a German Roman Catholic bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Fulda.

text:
# Michael Gerber (bishop)

**Michael Gerber** (born January 15, 1970, in Oberkirch) is a German Roman Catholic bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Fulda.

## Life

Gerber studied Catholic theology and philosophy. On 11 May 1997 Gerber was ordained priest in Freiburg im Breisgau. On 12 June 2013 Gerber was appointed as auxiliary bishop of Freiburg im Breisgau. On 8 September 2013 Gerber became titular bishop of Migirpa. On 31 March 2019 Gerber became bishop of Fulda.

## Positions

In June 2021 Gerber supported reforms at Synodal path in Germany. He supports women ordination, married priests and blessing for same-sex unions.

## Works by Gerber

* *Zur Liebe berufen. Pastoraltheologische Kriterien für die Formung geistlicher Berufe in Auseinandersetzung mit Luigi M. Rulla und Josef Kentenich*. Echter Verlag, Würzburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-429-02993-7 (dissertation).
* *Barfuß klettern. Ermutigungen für Christen heute*. Herder, Freiburg 2015, ISBN 978-3-451-38821-7.

## InfoBox

| His Excellency
Michael Gerber | |
| --- | --- |
| Bishop of Fulda | |
|  | |
| Church | Roman Catholic |
| Diocese | Diocese of Fulda |
| Appointed | 13 December 2018 |
| Installed | 31 March 2019 |
| Predecessor | Heinz Josef Algermissen |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 11 May 1997 |
| Consecration | 8 September 2013
by Robert Zollitsch |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1970-01-15) January 15, 1970
Germany |
| Nationality | German |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| Residence | Fulda |
| Motto | Tecum in foedere |
| Coat of arms |  |


title: Martins Creek, Pennsylvania

abstract: Martins Creek is a census-designated place in Lower Mount Bethel Township, Pennsylvania located along Martins Creek. Its population was 664 as of the 2020 U.S. census. Martins Creek is part of the Lehigh Valley metropolitan area, which had a population of 861,899 and was the 68th-most populous metropolitan area in the U.S. as of the 2020 census. The Zip Code is 18063.

text:
# Martins Creek, Pennsylvania

**Martins Creek** is a census-designated place in Lower Mount Bethel Township, Pennsylvania located along Martins Creek. Its population was 664 as of the 2020 U.S. census. Martins Creek is part of the Lehigh Valley metropolitan area, which had a population of 861,899 and was the 68th-most populous metropolitan area in the U.S. as of the 2020 census. The Zip Code is 18063.

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | 664 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

## History

In approximately 1730, a number of Scotch-Irish settled in a part of the town called Hunter's Settlement. Martin's Creek was first settled by Robert Lyle in 1741, with James Martin arriving around 1747. Martin operated a grist mill, and later served as a colonel in the American Revolution. In 1744, missionary David Brainerd began his work here with the Clistowackin band of Lenape Indians.

By the 1800s, the area had developed the name of Flatfield because of its level terrain. By the time of the Civil War, it was known as Martinsville, and later changed to Martin's Creek.

In 1939, exiled Russian prime minister Alexander Kerensky married Australian journalist Lydia Ellen Tritton in Martins Creek.

In 1942, an explosion at the Lehigh Portland Cement Co. plant in nearby Sandts Eddy killed 31 people. The Hunter-Martin Settlement Museum commemorates the early history of the area.

The major industry in the area was as the Alpha Portland Cement Company, which closed in 1964.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Martins Creek, Pennsylvania | |
| --- | --- |
| census-designated place | |
| Front Street in Martins Creek | |
| Location of Martins Creek in Northampton County, Pennsylvania | |
| Martins CreekLocation of Martins Creek in PennsylvaniaMartins CreekMartins Creek (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 40°47′00″N 75°11′11″W / 40.78333°N 75.18639°W / 40.78333; -75.18639 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Pennsylvania |
| County | Northampton |
| Township | Lower Mount Bethel |
| Area | |
| census-designated place | 0.82 sq mi (2.13 km2) |
| Land | 0.82 sq mi (2.11 km2) |
| Water | 0.01 sq mi (0.01 km2) |
| Population (2020) | |
| census-designated place | 664 |
| Density | 813.73/sq mi (314.19/km2) |
| Metro | 865,310 (US: 68th) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP Code | 18063 |
| Area code(s) | 610 and 484 |
| FIPS code | 42-47896 |


abstract: In 1917 the Hosic Report on the Reorganization of English in Secondary Schools placed courteous letter writing as a number one priority for education in the United States. This might provide rationale for why Pennell and Cusack (1924), writers of a manual for teachers of reading activities, included letter writing in suggested instructional activities. Other important activities suggested in the Hosic Report were expository writing, analysis of writing pieces, reports, literary composition, and debate. In 1917, the Hosic Report on the Reorganization of English in the Secondary Schools was the first report to cite the relationship between speaking and writing, reported that the purpose of teaching composition was to enable the student to speak and write correctly to convince and interest the reader. The first step was to cultivate sincerity through language; next to develop accuracy; and last to arouse artistic and individual expression. The goals focused on developing effective content and correct form including handwriting, spelling, grammar, capitals, and punctuation. Beyond these goals, importance was placed on enlarging vocabulary through reading. Reading authors with "concise and vigorous style" was encouraged so that the students could imitate "fine writing". From the 1917 Hosic Report, the teacher was urged to focus on developing the individual writer rather than certain forms and rules. The teacher was to observe and respond to the maturing of each student’s growth in thought and expression. This sounds very much like teachers were being instructed to teach in response to the individual learner rather than just deliver a scripted program. Teachers were told to offer many opportunities for students to write and speak on topics that were familiar and of interest to them so that they could give attention to correctness and present thoughts to convince and interest others. The belief was that composition should grow out of the experiences of the child. The experiences included recent field trips and outside interests such as home activities and sports. Purpose and audience were stressed. In teaching composition, interesting content came first followed in importance by organization and then mechanics. The Hosic report stated that fact writing and imaginative writing came from two types of minds. It went on to say that short story writing should not be a passing standard for students but that they should be given opportunities to see if they had a talent for it. For those that did show talent and interest, special training should be provided. The same was advocated for debating. Teachers were encouraged to use pictures to stimulate writing development using newspaper editorial cartoons as examples. Authentic purposes for letter writing with students’ interest as content were promoted. Letters by Stevenson, Dickens, Carroll, and Lincoln served as models for informal letter writing. Whose letters today would be excellent exemplars? The report mentioned that students who were clever at writing conversations which was a sign of character should have special training in dramatization and material for dramatizations could be used from local history. Smith (2002) reported that in 1920 that suggestions for dramatizations followed longer stories in readers to support comprehension. Repeatedly, the Hosic Report stressed that the work should spring from the students' interests. It was after this report in the 1920s that Language Experience Charts based on children’s experiences were initiated. Reading material was developed by using students’ own compositions about their firsthand experiences. It was also at this time that ability grouping, flexible promotions, differentiated assignments, and promoting individual progression were reported. The emphasis in writing and reading instruction at this time seemed to be giving birth to differentiated instruction and responding to student interest. The 1917 Hosic Report proposed that composition activities should come from the life of the student and "develop in him the power to express his individual experiences". Developing the skill of oral composition was also a strong emphasis in order to develop the power to think in front of an audience and find language for personal expression. James Hosic, author of this report, was an Emeritus professor at Teachers College, Columbia University as well as being the first Secretary of the National Council of Teachers of English from 1911 through 1920.

text:
# Hosic Report on the Reorganization of English in the Secondary Schools

In 1917 the ***Hosic Report on the Reorganization of English in Secondary Schools*** placed courteous letter writing as a number one priority for education in the United States. This might provide rationale for why Pennell and Cusack (1924), writers of a manual for teachers of reading activities, included letter writing in suggested instructional activities. Other important activities suggested in the Hosic Report were expository writing, analysis of writing pieces, reports, literary composition, and debate.

In 1917, the *Hosic Report on the Reorganization of English in the Secondary Schools* was the first report to cite the relationship between speaking and writing, reported that the purpose of teaching composition was to enable the student to speak and write correctly to convince and interest the reader (Burrows, 1977). The first step was to cultivate sincerity through language; next to develop accuracy; and last to arouse artistic and individual expression. The goals focused on developing effective content and correct form including handwriting, spelling, grammar, capitals, and punctuation. Beyond these goals, importance was placed on enlarging vocabulary through reading. Reading authors with "concise and vigorous style" was encouraged so that the students could imitate "fine writing" (Burrows, 1977, p. 28).

From the 1917 Hosic Report, the teacher was urged to focus on developing the individual writer rather than certain forms and rules. The teacher was to observe and respond to the maturing of each student’s growth in thought and expression. This sounds very much like teachers were being instructed to teach in response to the individual learner rather than just deliver a scripted program. Teachers were told to offer many opportunities for students to write and speak on topics that were familiar and of interest to them so that they could give attention to correctness and present thoughts to convince and interest others. The belief was that composition should grow out of the experiences of the child.

The experiences included recent field trips and outside interests such as home activities and sports. Purpose and audience were stressed. In teaching composition, interesting content came first followed in importance by organization and then mechanics (punctuation, spelling, sentence structure, and word choice).

The Hosic report stated that fact writing and imaginative writing came from two types of minds. It went on to say that short story writing should not be a passing standard for students but that they should be given opportunities to see if they had a talent for it. For those that did show talent and interest, special training should be provided. The same was advocated for debating. Teachers were encouraged to use pictures to stimulate writing development using newspaper editorial cartoons as examples. Authentic purposes for letter writing with students’ interest as content were promoted. Letters by Stevenson, Dickens, Carroll, and Lincoln served as models for informal letter writing. Whose letters today would be excellent exemplars? The report mentioned that students who were clever at writing conversations which was a sign of character should have special training in dramatization and material for dramatizations could be used from local history. Smith (2002) reported that in 1920 (soon after this report) that suggestions for dramatizations followed longer stories in readers to support comprehension. Repeatedly, the Hosic Report stressed that the work should spring from the students' interests. It was after this report in the 1920s that Language Experience Charts based on children’s experiences were initiated. Reading material was developed by using students’ own compositions about their firsthand experiences (Smith, 2002). It was also at this time that ability grouping, flexible promotions, differentiated assignments, and promoting individual progression were reported (Smith, 2002, p. 183). The emphasis in writing and reading instruction at this time seemed to be giving birth to differentiated instruction and responding to student interest. The 1917 Hosic Report proposed that composition activities should come from the life of the student and "develop in him the power to express his individual experiences" (Burrows, 1977, p. 32). Developing the skill of oral composition was also a strong emphasis in order to develop the power to think in front of an audience and find language for personal expression.

James Hosic, author of this report, was an Emeritus professor at Teachers College, Columbia University as well as being the first Secretary (now Executive Director) of the National Council of Teachers of English from 1911 through 1920.

## Citations

* Burrows, A. T. (1977). "Composition: Prospect and retrospect." In H. A. Robinson (Eds.). *Reading & writing instruction in the United States: Historical trends* (pp. 17-43). Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
* Pennell, M.E. & Cusack, A. M. (1924). *How to teach reading.* Cambridge, MA: The Riverside Press.
* Smith, N. B. (2002). *American reading instruction.* Newark, DE: International Reading Association.


title: Fourth metacarpal bone

abstract: The fourth metacarpal bone is shorter and smaller than the third. The base is small and quadrilateral; its superior surface presents two facets, a large one medially for articulation with the hamate, and a small one laterally for the capitate. On the radial side are two oval facets, for articulation with the third metacarpal; and on the ulnar side a single concave facet, for the fifth metacarpal.

text:
# Fourth metacarpal bone

The **fourth metacarpal bone** (**metacarpal bone of the ring finger**) is shorter and smaller than the third.

The base is small and quadrilateral; its superior surface presents two facets, a large one medially for articulation with the hamate, and a small one laterally for the capitate.

On the radial side are two oval facets, for articulation with the third metacarpal; and on the ulnar side a single concave facet, for the fifth metacarpal.

## Clinical relevance

A shortened fourth metacarpal bone can be a symptom of Kallmann syndrome, a genetic condition which results in the failure to commence or the non-completion of puberty. A short fourth metacarpal bone can also be found in Turner syndrome, a disorder involving sex chromosomes.

A fracture of the fourth and/or fifth metacarpal bones transverse neck secondary due to axial loading is known as a boxer's fracture.

## Ossification

The ossification process begins in the shaft during prenatal life, and in the head between 11th and 37th months.

## Additional images

*This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 228 of the 20th edition of* Gray's Anatomy *(1918)*

## InfoBox

| Fourth metacarpal bone | |
| --- | --- |
| Fourth metacarpal of the left hand (shown in red). Palmar view. | |
| The fourth metacarpal. (Left.) | |
| Details | |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | *os metacarpale IV* |
| FMA | 23902 |
| Anatomical terms of bone | |


title: Fourth normal form

abstract: Fourth normal form (4NF) is a normal form used in database normalization. Introduced by Ronald Fagin in 1977, 4NF is the next level of normalization after Boyce–Codd normal form (BCNF). Whereas the second, third, and Boyce–Codd normal forms are concerned with functional dependencies, 4NF is concerned with a more general type of dependency known as a multivalued dependency. A table is in 4NF if and only if, for every one of its non-trivial multivalued dependencies X ↠ Y, {X, Y} is a superkey—that is, the combination of all attributes in X and Y is either a candidate key or a superset thereof.

text:
# Fourth normal form

**Fourth normal form** (**4NF**) is a normal form used in database normalization. Introduced by Ronald Fagin in 1977, 4NF is the next level of normalization after Boyce–Codd normal form (BCNF). Whereas the second, third, and Boyce–Codd normal forms are concerned with functional dependencies, 4NF is concerned with a more general type of dependency known as a multivalued dependency. A table is in 4NF if and only if, for every one of its non-trivial multivalued dependencies *X* $\twoheadrightarrow $ *Y*, *{X, Y}* is a superkey—that is, the combination of all attributes in *X* and *Y* is either a candidate key or a superset thereof.

## Multivalued dependencies

If the column headings in a relational database table are divided into three disjoint groupings *X*, *Y*, and *Z*, then, in the context of a particular row, we can refer to the data beneath each group of headings as *x*, *y*, and *z* respectively. A multivalued dependency *X* $\twoheadrightarrow $ *Y* signifies that if we choose any *x* actually occurring in the table (call this choice *xc*), and compile a list of all the *xcyz* combinations that occur in the table, we will find that *xc* is associated with the same *y* entries regardless of *z*. So essentially the presence of z provides no useful information to constrain the possible values of *y*.

A **trivial multivalued dependency** *X* $\twoheadrightarrow $ *Y* is one where either *Y* is a subset of *X*, or *X* and *Y* together form the whole set of attributes of the relation.

A functional dependency is a special case of multivalued dependency. In a functional dependency *X**Y*, every *x* determines *exactly one y*, never more than one.

## Example

Consider the following example:

Pizza Delivery Permutations
| Restaurant | Pizza variety | Delivery area |
| --- | --- | --- |
| A1 Pizza | Thick Crust | Springfield |
| A1 Pizza | Thick Crust | Shelbyville |
| A1 Pizza | Thick Crust | Capital City |
| A1 Pizza | Stuffed Crust | Springfield |
| A1 Pizza | Stuffed Crust | Shelbyville |
| A1 Pizza | Stuffed Crust | Capital City |
| Elite Pizza | Thin Crust | Capital City |
| Elite Pizza | Stuffed Crust | Capital City |
| Vincenzo's Pizza | Thick Crust | Springfield |
| Vincenzo's Pizza | Thick Crust | Shelbyville |
| Vincenzo's Pizza | Thin Crust | Springfield |
| Vincenzo's Pizza | Thin Crust | Shelbyville |

Each row indicates that a given restaurant can deliver a given variety of pizza to a given area.

The table has no non-key attributes because its only candidate key is {Restaurant, Pizza variety, Delivery area}. Therefore, it meets all normal forms up to BCNF. If we assume, however, that pizza varieties offered by a restaurant are not affected by delivery area (i.e. a restaurant offers all pizza varieties it makes to all areas it supplies), then it does not meet 4NF. The problem is that the table features two non-trivial multivalued dependencies on the {Restaurant} attribute (which is not a superkey). The dependencies are:

* {Restaurant} $\twoheadrightarrow $ {Pizza variety}
* {Restaurant} $\twoheadrightarrow $ {Delivery area}

These non-trivial multivalued dependencies on a non-superkey reflect the fact that the varieties of pizza a restaurant offers are independent from the areas to which the restaurant delivers. This state of affairs leads to redundancy in the table: for example, we are told three times that A1 Pizza offers Stuffed Crust, and if A1 Pizza starts producing Cheese Crust pizzas then we will need to add multiple rows, one for each of A1 Pizza's delivery areas. There is, moreover, nothing to prevent us from doing this incorrectly: we might add Cheese Crust rows for all but one of A1 Pizza's delivery areas, thereby failing to respect the multivalued dependency {Restaurant} $\twoheadrightarrow $ {Pizza variety}.

To eliminate the possibility of these anomalies, we must place the facts about varieties offered into a different table from the facts about delivery areas, yielding two tables that are both in 4NF:

Varieties by restaurant
| Restaurant | Pizza variety |
| --- | --- |
| A1 Pizza | Thick Crust |
| A1 Pizza | Stuffed Crust |
| Elite Pizza | Thin Crust |
| Elite Pizza | Stuffed Crust |
| Vincenzo's Pizza | Thick Crust |
| Vincenzo's Pizza | Thin Crust |

Delivery areas by restaurant
| Restaurant | Delivery area |
| --- | --- |
| A1 Pizza | Springfield |
| A1 Pizza | Shelbyville |
| A1 Pizza | Capital City |
| Elite Pizza | Capital City |
| Vincenzo's Pizza | Springfield |
| Vincenzo's Pizza | Shelbyville |

In contrast, if the pizza varieties offered by a restaurant sometimes did legitimately vary from one delivery area to another, the original three-column table would satisfy 4NF.

Ronald Fagin demonstrated that it is always possible to achieve 4NF. Rissanen's theorem is also applicable on multivalued dependencies.

## 4NF in practice

A 1992 paper by Margaret S. Wu notes that the teaching of database normalization typically stops short of 4NF, perhaps because of a belief that tables violating 4NF (but meeting all lower normal forms) are rarely encountered in business applications. This belief may not be accurate, however. Wu reports that in a study of forty organizational databases, over 20% contained one or more tables that violated 4NF while meeting all lower normal forms.

## Normalization beyond 4NF

Only in rare situations does a 4NF table not conform to the higher normal form 5NF. These are situations in which a complex real-world constraint governing the valid combinations of attribute values in the 4NF table is not implicit in the structure of that table.

## Further reading


title: Frances Morris (gallerist)

abstract: Frances Mary Morris was the director of the Tate Modern from January 2016 to February 2023. She had succeeded Chris Dercon, and is succeeded by Karin Hindsbo. She remains the director emerita.

text:
# Frances Morris (gallerist)

**Frances Mary Morris** CBE (born January 1959) was the director of the Tate Modern from January 2016 to February 2023. She had succeeded Chris Dercon, and is succeeded by Karin Hindsbo. She remains the director emerita.

## Education

Frances Morris was born in London. She attended a state school, Haberdashers' Aske's School for Girls, at the time a direct grant grammar, in New Cross, London. At University, she studied history of art, receiving a bachelor's degree from King's College, Cambridge, in 1978. She later went on to gain a master's degree from the Courtauld Institute of Art. Her master's thesis deals with French painter Jean Hélion.

## Career

After working at the Arnolfini Gallery in Bristol, Morris joined the Tate Gallery as a curator in the Modern Collection in 1987, became Head of Displays at Tate Modern when it opened in 2000, and Director of Collections (International Art) in 2006. In January 2016, she was appointed director of the Tate Modern. As Director, Morris oversees one of the world's most popular art museums, with an attendance of over 5.8 million visitors annually; she is also credited with elevating Tate Modern's profile globally. She is the gallery's first British and first woman director.

Morris, along with her colleague Iwona Blazwick, was responsible with the initial presentation in 2000 of the Tate Modern's opening collection displays, organised thematically and in a non-chronological manner with mixing of contemporary artworks with those of Monet, Matisse, and Picasso. While the non-chronological style was controversial with art critics, it is now regularly used world-wide by museums and galleries; Tate Modern continues to display its collection in this way.

In her career, Morris has particularly focused on the work of women artists, and worked to extend the canon of art history to include work from outside Europe; since 2006 she has spearheaded Tate's global acquisitions strategy. She has curated several large-scale international collaborative exhibitions including, most recently, major retrospectives for Louise Bourgeois in 2007, Yayoi Kusama in 2012, Agnes Martin in 2015, and Alberto Giacometti in 2017.

In 2018, Morris was part of the selection committee that nominated Ruangrupa as artistic director of Documenta fifteen.

## Other activities

## Recognition

Morris was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2023 New Year Honours for services to the arts. She also holds Honorary Doctorates from the Universities of Essex, Edinburgh and York, from the Royal College of Art London and UAL.

## Personal life

Morris is married to Martin Caiger-Smith, Head of the MA Curating the Art Museum programme at the Courtauld Institute of Art. They have three children.

## InfoBox

| Frances Morris
CBE | |
| --- | --- |
| Morris in 2018 | |
| Born | January 1959 (age 65)
London, England |
| Alma mater |  |
| Title | Director Emerita, Tate Modern |
| Predecessor | Chris Dercon |
| Successor | Karin Hindsbo |
| Spouse | Martin Caiger-Smith |
| Children | 3 |


title: Peekskill Freight Depot

abstract: The Peekskill Freight Depot, sometimes called the Lincoln Depot, is located at 41 South Water Street in Peekskill, New York. It is a brick building erected in the late 19th century. Abraham Lincoln gave a speech at this site during his train ride to Washington after being elected, his only public appearance in Westchester County. No longer in use as a depot, the building is the only intact freight-only station building along the route of the former Hudson River Railroad. In 2004, the station was added to the National Register of Historic Places, and in 2014 it was converted into the Lincoln Depot Museum.

text:
# Peekskill Freight Depot

The **Peekskill Freight Depot**, sometimes called the **Lincoln Depot**, is located at 41 South Water Street in Peekskill, New York. It is a brick building erected in the late 19th century.

Abraham Lincoln gave a speech at this site during his train ride to Washington after being elected, his only public appearance in Westchester County. No longer in use as a depot, the building is the only intact freight-only station building along the route of the former Hudson River Railroad. In 2004, the station was added to the National Register of Historic Places, and in 2014 it was converted into the Lincoln Depot Museum.

## Building

The depot building is closer to the tracks and their chainlink fencing than it is to Water Street. Across the tracks is a park which lies along the Hudson River. The neighborhood is primarily commercial, with other old industrial buildings.

It is a one-story 96-by-30-foot (29.3 by 9.1 m) masonry structure faced in common-bond brick with a shallow-pitched gabled roof. The roof eave extends eight feet (2.2 m) over the elevated platform to shelter handlers while loading and unloading freight. It is supported by brackets and has decorative vergeboards at the north and south gable ends. The brick itself has segmented pilasters between the bays and some corbeling.

Before its conversion into a museum, the interior of the building retained much of its original trim, including the cement floor, wainscoting, exposed trusswork ceiling and reed molding and bullseye corner blocks around the doors.

## History

The first depot was built of wood around 1850 by the Hudson River Railroad to handle freight shipments into and out of what was then a busy industrial Hudson River city.) Around 1890 the present brick depot was built by the New York Central Railroad; at that time its platform had extensions to the north and south along the tracks. There are some reports of fires in the 1880s and again in 1898; and blistering of the interior paint at roof level gives evidence that there was one.

On February 19, 1861, Abraham Lincoln stopped here during his train trip to his inauguration and gave a 138-word speech at the invitation of local congressman William Nelson, who introduced him. Contemporary newspaper accounts suggest that approximately 1,000 people were present, equivalent to about a third the population of Peekskill at that time, to hear his brief request for their support in the coming crisis  four states had already seceded from the Union by then. It was Lincoln's only recorded appearance in Westchester County.

Peekskill has embraced Lincoln's appearance as a celebrated part of its history. A memorial stone, the Lincoln Exedra, was erected on South Street, overlooking the depot, in 1925. The speech was commemorated at its 50th anniversary in 1911, and again on its centennial in 1961. The latter occasion featured a re-enactment of the speech, with actors dressed as Lincoln and Nelson. The Lincoln Society of Peekskill keeps the memory alive and organizes other activities related to its namesake.

The railroad no longer exists, and the building fell vacant as Peekskill's industrial base declined to the point that freight shipments were no longer made; the line itself is now the Metro-North Hudson commuter line, handling almost exclusively passenger traffic.

## Lincoln Depot Museum

In April 2005, then New York State Governor, George Pataki  the former mayor of Peekskill  secured the initial funding for the Lincoln Depot Museum to be housed in the freight depot building. Groundbreaking for the project took place on February 9, 2011, by which time the Lincoln Depot Foundation had secured approximately $3 million. The building';s restoration was completed in May 2013, with help from New York's Office of Historic Preservation. The museum opened to the public on October 18, 2014.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Peekskill Freight Depot | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| West profile during renovation in 2007 | |
| Location | 41 South Water Street<br>Peekskill, New York |
| Coordinates | 41°17′14″N 73°55′48″W / 41.28722°N 73.93000°W / 41.28722; -73.93000 |
| Built | c.1890 (1890) |
| Architectural style | Stick, Eastlake |
| NRHP reference No. | 04001207 |
| Added to NRHP | October 27, 2004 |


title: Ludger Schepers

abstract: Ludger Schepers is a German prelate of the Catholic Church who has been an auxiliary bishop of Essen since 2008.

text:
# Ludger Schepers

**Ludger Schepers** (born 18 April 1953) is a German prelate of the Catholic Church who has been an auxiliary bishop of Essen since 2008.

## Biography

Ledger Schepers was born on 18 April 1953 in the Osterfeld district of Oberhausen. He graduated from Novalis Gymnasium there and then entered the seminary of the diocese of Essen. He studied theology and philosophy at Ruhr University Bochum and the University of Freiburg. On 2 March 1979, he was ordained a priest by Bishop Franz Hengsbach.

Schepers worked as a chaplain in St. Boniface parish in Essen-Huttrop and Herz Jesu in Duisburg-Neumühl from 1979 to 1986. From 1986 to 1990 he was a youth pastor in Oberhausen and chaplain at St. Antony in Oberhausen-Alstaden. In August 1990, Schepers became pastor of the parish of St. Jude Thaddeus in Duisburg-Buchholz, into which other parishes were then merged. In 1994, he earned a licentiate in canon law at the University of Münster and in 1995 he became a diocesan judge. In 1999 he was named a member of the Priests' Council and the Church Tax Council of the Diocese of Essen. In 2002 he became dean of the Duisburg-Süd deanery. In 2006, after a reorganization of the parishes in the diocese of Essen, he became the first pastor of the newly founded large parish of St. Jude Thaddeus, which covers the area of the former Duisburg-Süd deanery.

On 27 June 2008, Pope Benedict XVI appointed him an auxiliary bishop of the diocese of Essen and titular bishop of Neapolis in Proconsulari. He received his episcopal consecration on 19 September 2008 in Essen Cathedral from Bishop Felix Genn and was named episcopal vicar for universal church and social tasks. He has been resident canon of the chapter of Essen Cathedral since 5 September 2008, with responsibility for church services and pastoral care.

In the German Bishops' Conference (DBK) he is a member of the Pastoral Commission, the Pastoral Commission's sub-group for Women in Church and Society, the World Church Commission, and the sub-commission for mission issues (especially MISSIO), of which he is chairman.

For several years he was the Pastoral Commission's *Queer-Beauftragter* or Representative to the Queer Community and has taken outspoken positions on the need for the Church to overhaul its views of sexual minority groups. In September 2022, after the German bishops at the general assembly of the Synodal Way failed to give the necessary two-thirds approval to a position paper on sexual ethics that 80% of the full assembly had endorsed, he criticized bishops who voted in the negative who had not contributed to the debate or raised no other objection than "tradition". He said: "If traditions are not alive, they are just dead letters that have already caused many crimes and... have caused a lot of suffering and continue to do so." He told an interviewer: "Diversity is creation and creation is good." In August 2023 he said he was proud that more than 20 dioceses had initiatives for pastoral care for the queer community and called for discussion of sexuality in relationships, not only in marriage. He also counseled patience and the need to work with the global church. He has also advocated the erection of a female diaconate, noting it has been discussed in Germany for fifty years.

In late February 2024, the DBK appointed Schepers to the new position of *Beauftragte für queere Pastoral* or Representative for Queer Pastoral Care, modifying his role from representing the Pastoral Commission to the gay community, giving him responsibility on behalf of the entire DBK, and transforming his mission from communications to coordinating pastoral outreach throughout the nation. In addressing his work leading a national effort for gay and lesbians he said: "The German Church could point out that the Bible does not condemn homosexuality in principle. It should be made clear that traditional values such as responsibility in a partnership and reliability are gender-neutral."

1. "Pfarrer Ludger Schepers neuer Weihbischof in Essen". *Diocese of Essen* (in German). 27 June 2008. Archived from the original on 1 November 2008. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
2. "Rinunce e Nomine, 27.06.2008" (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 27 June 2008. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
3. "Lebenslauf Weihbischof Ludger Schepers". *Diocese of Essen* (in German). Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
4. "Im Dienst des Wortes Gottes" (in German). Dom Radio. 19 September 2008. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
5. "Weihbischof Ludger Schepers". *Diocese of Essen* (in German). Archived from the original on 29 September 2023. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
6. "Mitglieder, Vorsitzende und stellvertretende Vorsitzende der Bischöflichen Kommissionen und Unterkommissionen". *German Bishops Conference* (in German). 20 September 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
7. "Queer-Beauftragter der Bischofskonferenz kritisiert Bischöfe". *Kirche+Leben* (in German). 14 September 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
8. "Sven Lehmann ist neuer Queer-Beauftragter". *Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend* (in German). 5 January 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
9. ""Wir sind noch nicht weit genug"". *Dom Radio* (Interview) (in German). Interviewed by Hilde Regeniter. 19 April 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
10. "Weihbischof Schepers: Kirche muss queere Menschen ernst nehmen". Kath.ch. 3 August 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
11. "Weihbischof Schepers: Werden in Rom entschieden Frauendiakonat fordern" (in German). Katholisch.de. 5 April 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
12. "Katholische Bischöfe benennen erstmals Queer-Beauftragten". *Stuttgarter Zeitung* (in German). 22 February 2024. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
13. "First bishop for queer pastoral care sees opening of the church". Katholisch.de. 5 March 2024. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
14. "Essener Weihbischof Schepers zum ersten Queer-Beauftragten ernannt". *Kirche+Leben* (in German). 22 February 2024. Retrieved 10 March 2024.


title: On Our Merry Way

abstract: On Our Merry Way is a 1948 American comedy film produced by Benedict Bogeaus and Burgess Meredith and released by United Artists. At the time of its release, King Vidor and Leslie Fenton were credited with its direction, although the DVD lists John Huston and George Stevens, who assisted with one of the segments, as well. The screenplay by Laurence Stallings and Lou Breslow, based on an original story by Arch Oboler, is similar in style to that of Tales of Manhattan (1942), another anthology film made up of several vignettes linked by a single theme. The picture stars Paulette Goddard, Burgess Meredith, James Stewart, Henry Fonda, Harry James, Dorothy Lamour, Victor Moore and Fred MacMurray. It marks the first joint movie appearance of Stewart and Fonda, who play a pair of musicians in their section of the film.

text:
# On Our Merry Way

***On Our Merry Way*** is a 1948 American comedy film produced by Benedict Bogeaus and Burgess Meredith and released by United Artists. At the time of its release, King Vidor and Leslie Fenton were credited with its direction, although the DVD lists John Huston and George Stevens, who assisted with one of the segments, as well. The screenplay by Laurence Stallings and Lou Breslow, based on an original story by Arch Oboler, is similar in style to that of *Tales of Manhattan* (1942), another anthology film made up of several vignettes linked by a single theme. The picture stars Paulette Goddard, Burgess Meredith, James Stewart, Henry Fonda, Harry James, Dorothy Lamour, Victor Moore and Fred MacMurray. It marks the first joint movie appearance of Stewart and Fonda, who play a pair of musicians in their section of the film.

## Plot

Oliver Pease has deceived his bride Martha into believing he's an inquiring reporter for the *Los Angeles Daily Banner* when, in fact, he is employed there as a classified ads clerk. When Martha suggests Oliver ask people on the street, "What influence has a baby had on your life?," he submits the question to the real reporter, who dismisses it outright. Oliver approaches the editor and introduces himself as a representative of the publisher, who he claims wants to improve the feature by having Oliver roam the city and ask the question suggested by his wife.

Jazz musicians Slim and Lank mistake the word "baby" for "babe" and reminisce about a female trumpeter they met when their tour bus broke down in a rundown California seaside resort, where they tried to fix a talent contest so the mayor's son would win.

Hollywood film star Gloria Manners recalls the time she was hired to work with precocious child star Peggy Thorndyke, who unintentionally triggered her big break in the movies, transforming her from a drab Iowa secretary into a Polynesian goddess.

In a story similar to the O. Henry short story "The Ransom of Red Chief", successful stage magician Al relates how he and his buddy Floyd once were con artists who stumbled upon young runaway and practical joker Edgar Hobbs in the woods. Upon learning he lived with his wealthy banker uncle, they conspired to return the boy and claim a reward, only to discover his uncle did not want him back. All ended well when Al married Edgar's sister and made the two siblings part of his magic act.

At the end of the day, Oliver returns to the newspaper only to discover he's been fired from his real job for being AWOL. When he tells his wife what happened, she surprises him by telling him she knew about his job and doesn’t mind. The paper's editor, impressed by the notes Oliver made while talking to his various subjects, arrives to tell him he likes his column and plans to print it, and asks how he thought of the question in the first place. Martha confesses it came to her because she's going to have a baby.

## Cast

## Production notes

The film's original title *A Miracle Can Happen* was inspired by a segment that was deleted from the film prior to its national release. In it, Charles Laughton portrayed a minister who is asked by a young boy to pay a visit to his dying father (Henry Hull). In an effort to boost the man's spirits, the minister offers an overly dramatic rendition of the Biblical story of David and Saul that sparks the man's full recovery. Only then does the minister learn the boy who had asked for his help actually had died years earlier. Producer Benedict Bogeaus thought the story was too serious for the otherwise comic film and replaced it with the Gloria Manners (Lamour) episode. According to co-producer/star Burgess Meredith, he showed the footage to David O. Selznick, who offered $500,000 for it with the idea he would release it as a short, but Bogeaus refused and the sequence was destroyed. Nonetheless prints of the film under its original title and with the Charles Laughton sequence intact are extant in European sources.

The film opened as *A Miracle Can Happen* in New York City, Philadelphia, and Detroit in February 1948. Reviews were dismal—the *New York Daily News* described it as "a million dollar cast in a ten-cent film"—and it was pulled from release. Public polls revealed most people thought the movie had a religious theme, so after the Charles Laughton episode had been removed and replaced by one with Dorothy Lamour, nine minutes thus being trimmed from the running time, it re-opened in June and was nationally released as *On Our Merry Way*, accompanied by an advertising campaign that emphasized it was a comedy.

This was the first joint film appearance of lifelong best friends James Stewart and Henry Fonda, although the picture seems to have been completely forgotten in the publicity for their two subsequent movies together a couple of decades later, titled *Firecreek* (1968) and *The Cheyenne Social Club* (1970).

Dorothy Lamour spoofed her tropical screen image singing "Queen of the Hollywood Islands," with Frank Loesser providing the music and lyrics.

The song "Baby Made a Change in Me" was written by Skitch Henderson and Donald Kahn.

At the time of filming, Burgess Meredith and Paulette Goddard were married, which may explain why they were permitted to be shown sleeping in the same bed, which was normally forbidden by the Production Code.

## Critical reception

In his review in *The New York Times*, Bosley Crowther said, "Apparently all the actors had themselves a wonderful time clowning around . . . this is one of those multi-episode pictures in which a dozen or so familiar names are turned loose in comedy sketches and permitted to let themselves go — a simple temptation which few actors would do anything drastic to resist. In this particular instance, the pleasure of the actors seems to be a great deal more satisfying than that which the audience can expect."

The *Variety* critic stated, "The cast couldn't have been better. The story's execution falters because a scene here and there is inclined to strive too much for its whimsical effect. But Meredith responds capitally to the mood of the character he plays, being given more of a chance to do so than any of the other stars."

## InfoBox

| On Our Merry Way | |
| --- | --- |
| 1948 Theatrical Poster | |
| Directed by | Leslie Fenton
King Vidor |
| Written by | John O'Hara |
| Screenplay by | Laurence Stallings
Lou Breslow |
| Story by | Arch Oboler |
| Produced by | Benedict Bogeaus
Burgess Meredith |
| Starring | Paulette Goddard
Burgess Meredith
James Stewart
Henry Fonda
Harry James
Dorothy Lamour
Victor Moore
Fred MacMurray |
| Cinematography | Gordon Avil
Joseph F. Biroc
Edward Cronjager
John F. Seitz |
| Edited by | James Smith |
| Music by | Heinz Roemheld |
| Production
company | Benedict Bogeaus Productions |
| Distributed by | United Artists |
| Release dates | * February 3, 1948 (1948-02-03) (New York City, New York) * June 1948 (1948-06) (United States) |
| Running time | 107 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Box office | $1,550,000 (US rentals) |


title: Martha Hill

abstract: Martha Hill was an American dance instructor with wide influence. She founded innovative programs at Bennington College and Connecticut College, and was the first Director of Dance at the Juilliard School, a position she held for almost 35 years. After her death, the New York Times called her "of incalculable importance in the develolpment of modern dance in America."

text:
# Martha Hill

**Martha Hill** (December 1, 1900  November 19, 1995) was an American dance instructor with wide influence. She founded innovative programs at Bennington College and Connecticut College, and was the first Director of Dance at the Juilliard School, a position she held for almost 35 years.

After her death, the *New York Times* called her "of incalculable importance in the develolpment of modern dance in America."

## Early life

Hill was born in East Palestine, Ohio. She attended the Battle Creek Normal School of Physical Education in Battle Creek, Michigan, graduating in 1920. She took over the position of dance instructor, teaching ballet and Swedish gymnastics for the next three years. In 1923, she was hired as dance instructor at Kansas State Teachers College. Hill taught there for three years, then moved to\[New York City in 1926.

## Career

After arriving in New York, she studied with various dance teachers; one of note was Martha Graham who would have a lasting impact on Hill. She was hired in 1927 as Assistant Professor of Dance at the University of Oregon where Bessie Schonberg was one of Hill's students.

By 1929, Hill had saved up enough money to move back to New York. She joined the Martha Graham Dance Company, completed a BS degree from Teachers College, Columbia University, and began teaching high school students at the Lincoln School of Teachers College. She was hired to teach at New York University in the Physical Education Department of the School of Education in 1930, soon becoming Director of Dance. Hill reluctantly left the Martha Graham Dance Company in 1931 because of an increasing teaching schedule. In 1932, Hill was hired by newly founded Bennington College in Bennington, VT, as Chairman of the Dance Department. She held the positions at NYU and Bennington College simultaneously until 1951.

In the summer of 1934, Hill initiated a summer dance festival on the Bennington College campus, named the "Bennington School of the Dance", which ran until 1942, with a brief interlude at Mills College in 1939. Doris Humphrey, Martha Graham, Charles Weidman, and Hanya Holm were key faculty members.

Hill received her master's degree from New York University in 1941. In 1948 she formed a School of the Dance at Connecticut College calling it the "Connecticut College School of the Dance". The new summer festival employed many of the same teachers/choreographers from the Bennington festival. Hill was a co-director of the festival until 1952. The festival was later renamed the American Dance Festival and is currently housed at Duke University in North Carolina.

In 1951, William Schuman, president of The Juilliard School, hired Hill to be the first Director of Dance. Schuman and Hill had the bold new concept of creating a training ground for dancers that would be equally split between ballet and modern dance.

Hill married Dr. Thurston Davies in 1952. Davies died in 1961.

Hill remained the director of dance at Juilliard until 1985, training generations of dancers to the highest level of technique and artistry. She continued to teach at Juilliard for several more years after stepping down as director. Her students included Paul Taylor, Paula Kelly, Muriel Topaz, Pina Bausch, Daniel Lewis, Lar Lubovitch, Ani Udovicki, Yasuko Tokunaga, Dennis Nahat, Linda Kent, Dudley Williams, Bruce Marks, Mercedes Ellington, H.T. Chen, Martha Clarke, Susan Marshall, Sylvia Waters, Lance Westergard, H. T. Chen, Jenny Coogan, Robert Garland, Mark Haim, Bebe Neuwirth, Paul Dennis, Liz Gerring, Henning Rübsam, Vernon Scott, Janet Eilber, Megan Williams, Elizabeth McPherson, Rebecca Stenn, Rebecca Lazier, and Stanley Love.

## Legacy

A documentary about her, *Miss Hill: Making Dance Matter*, directed by Greg Vander Veer and produced by the Martha Hill Dance Fund, premiered at the Dance on Camera Festival in New York City in 2014.

* Primary source materials at Martha Hill research materials, The Juilliard Library and audiotaped and videotaped interviews with Hill housed in the Jerome Robbins Dance Division at the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts.
* Dunning, Jennifer (21 November 1995), "Martha Hill, Dance Educator, is Dead at 94", *New York Times*

## InfoBox

| Martha Hill | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1900-12-01)December 1, 1900
East Palestine, Ohio, U.S. |
| Died | November 19, 1995(1995-11-19) (aged 94)
Brooklyn, New York, U.S. |
| Occupation | Dance instructor |
| Spouse | Thurston Davies |


title: Nowe Gajęcice

abstract: Nowe Gajęcice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pajęczno, within Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland.

text:
# Nowe Gajęcice

**Nowe Gajęcice** \[ˈnɔvɛ ɡajɛnˈt͡ɕit͡sɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pajęczno, within Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland.

## InfoBox

| Nowe Gajęcice | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Nowe Gajęcice | |
| Coordinates: 51°06′08″N 19°01′07″E / 51.10222°N 19.01861°E / 51.10222; 19.01861 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Łódź |
| County | Pajęczno |
| Gmina | Pajęczno |


title: Sakugi, Hiroshima

abstract: Sakugi was a village located in Futami District, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 1,942 and a density of 21.13 inhabitants per square kilometre (54.7/sq mi). The total area was 91.92 km⁲ (35.49 sq mi). On April 1, 2004, Sakugi, along with the towns of Kisa, Mirasaka and Miwa, the villages of Funo and Kimita, and the town of Kōnu, was merged with the expanded city of Miyoshi and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

text:
# Sakugi, Hiroshima

**Sakugi** (作木村, *Sakugi-son*) was a village located in Futami District, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 1,942 and a density of 21.13 inhabitants per square kilometre (54.7/sq mi). The total area was 91.92 km2 (35.49 sq mi).

On April 1, 2004, Sakugi, along with the towns of Kisa, Mirasaka and Miwa, the villages of Funo and Kimita (all from Futami District), and the town of Kōnu (from Kōnu District), was merged with the expanded city of Miyoshi and no longer exists as an independent municipality.


title: MaryJanice Davidson

abstract:
MaryJanice Davidson is an American author who writes mostly paranormal romance, but also young adult literature and non-fiction.
She is the creator of the popular Undead series. She is both a New York Times and USA Today bestseller.
She won a 2004 Romantic Times Reviewers’ Choice Award
and was nominated for the same award in 2005. Davidson lives in Minnesota with her husband and two children. She grew up on military bases and moved often, as she was the child of a United States Air Force airman. Pamela Clare of USA Today wrote, "It's Davidson's humor, combined with her innate storytelling ability and skill with dialogue, that has lifted her from small presses to the big best-seller lists.". Davidson is the mother of fantasy author C. M. Alongi.

text:
# MaryJanice Davidson

**MaryJanice Davidson** is an American author who writes mostly paranormal romance, but also young adult literature and non-fiction. She is the creator of the popular *Undead* series. She is both a *New York Times* and *USA Today* bestseller. She won a 2004 *Romantic Times* Reviewers’ Choice Award and was nominated for the same award in 2005. Davidson lives in Minnesota with her husband and two children. She grew up on military bases and moved often, as she was the child of a United States Air Force airman. Pamela Clare of *USA Today* wrote, "It's Davidson's humor, combined with her innate storytelling ability and skill with dialogue, that has lifted her from small presses to the big best-seller lists.". Davidson is the mother of fantasy author C. M. Alongi.

## Bibliography

### Undead series

Elizabeth "Betsy" Taylor turns thirty in the most unfortunate manner possible: she is laid off from work and then run down by an SUV. Waking up in the morgue fails to improve her mood, and when she discovers she can't kill herself, she gets downright belligerent. Being proclaimed "Queen of the Vampires" by the obnoxious Eric Sinclair, who places himself first in line to be her consort, proves to be the last straw.

1. *Undead and Unwed* (Berkley, 2004, ISBN 0-425-19485-X)
2. *Undead and Unemployed* (Berkley, 2004, ISBN 0-425-19748-4)
3. *Undead and Unappreciated* (Berkley, 2005, ISBN 0-425-20433-2)
4. *Undead and Unreturnable* (Berkley, 2005, hardback ISBN 0-425-20816-8, paperback ISBN 0-425-21081-2)
5. *Undead and Unpopular* (Berkley, 2006, hardback ISBN 0-425-21029-4, paperback ISBN 0-7499-3730-0)
6. *Undead and Uneasy* (Berkley, 2007, ISBN 0-425-21376-5)
7. *Undead and Unworthy* (Berkley, 2008, ISBN 0-425-22162-8)
8. *Undead and Unwelcome* (Berkley, 2009, ISBN 0-425-22773-1)
9. *Undead and Unfinished* (Berkley, 2010, ISBN 0-425-23435-5)
10. *Undead and Undermined* (Berkley, 2011)
11. *Undead and Unstable* (Berkley June 2012)
12. *Undead and Unsure* (Berkley August 2013)
13. *Undead and Underwater* (Berkley May 2013)
14. *Undead and Unwary* (Berkley October 2014)
15. *Undead and Unforgiven* (Berkley October 2015)
16. *Undead and Done* (Berkley October 2016)

The first four volumes have been reprinted as

Books 5-7 and Dead and Loving It have been reprinted as

* "Betsy: Bride of the Vampire"

Short stories have also appeared in:

### Wyndham Werewolves

1. *Love's Prisoner* (novella in *Secrets 6*, Red Sage Publishing, Inc., 2000, ISBN 0-9648942-6-2)
2. *Jared's Wolf* (novella in *Secrets 8*, Red Sage Publishing, Inc., 2002, ISBN 0-9648942-8-9)
3. *Derik's Bane* (Berkley, 2005, ISBN 0-425-19997-5)
4. *Santa Claws* (in *Nicely Naughty*, Loose-Id, 2004, ISBN 1-59632-065-6, a revised version of *Naughty but Nice*) This short story was included in Dead and Loving It.
5. *Speed Dating Werewolf Style Or, Ow, I Think You Broke The Bone* (novella in *Dead Over Heels*, Berkley, 2008, ISBN 978-0425219416)
6. *Wolf at the Door* (Oct 2011)
7. *Driftwood* (Jan 2007)

### Alaskan Royals

In an alternate reality, the series follows the royal Baranov family as they begin to look for love and marriage while ruling over Alaska (which was not purchased by the United States and became its own country). The series was limited to three books due to the end of the author's contract with Brava books.

1. *The Royal Treatment* (Brava, 2002). The story revolves around Christina Krabbe and her life after meeting a king with an obsession for fishing and his penguin obsessed son. The series is set in alternate reality where Alaska was not sold to the United States, but instead formed into its own country and is governed by the Royal Baranov.
2. *The Royal Pain* (Brava, 2005). This time the focus is on HRH Princess Alexandria Baranov and her romance with Dr. Sheldon Rivers. It is found in 445 WorldCat libraries
3. *The Royal Mess* (Brava, 2007)

### Fred the Mermaid

Fred has known since she was a small child that she is part Mermaid. It is only when the High Prince of the merfolk and a marine biologist fight for her heart does Fred's life get even more complicated.

1. *Sleeping with the Fishes*, (November 2006). Half-mermaid Fred, 29, is a marine biologist working at the aquarium in Boston. Jonas, her thought-to-be-gay best friend, is the only one outside the family who knows the secret, until she is seen swimming in the fish tank by Thomas, a new employee at the aquarium. Prince Artur, a merman from the Black Sea, arrives to investigate the increased pollution in Boston Harbour and enlists the help of Fred and Thomas. Thomas and Prince Artur are rivals for Fred's affection, despite her abrasive manners and dismissive attitude to romance.
2. *Swimming Without a Net*, (November 2007). Fred is again approached by the sea folk, but this time in order to participate in a ritual of sorts. The novel blends elements of supernatural and erotic fiction.
3. *Fish Out of Water*, (November 2008)

All Three Books in One:

1. *Underwater Love* 2012

### The Gorgeous series

1. *Hello Gorgeous!* (Kensington 2005, ISBN 0-7582-0805-7)
2. *Drop Dead, Gorgeous!* (Kensington 2006, ISBN 0-7582-1204-6)

### Jennifer Scales

The Jennifer Scales series, about a young weredragon, is written by MaryJanice Davidson and Anthony Alongi, her husband. These novels are currently being re-published as fantasy novels rather than young adult.

1. *Jennifer Scales and the Ancient Furnace*
2. *Jennifer Scales and the Messenger of Light*
3. *The Silver Moon Elm*
4. *Jennifer Scales and The Seraph of Sorrow*
5. *Rise of the Poison Moon*
6. *Evangelina*

### Cadence Jones

1. *Me, Myself and Why?*, 2010
2. *Yours, Mine, and Ours*, 2011
3. *You and I, Me and You*, 2013

### Insighter

1. *Deja Who*, 2016
2. *Deja New*, 2017

### Miscellaneous

#### Single authored

#### Multiple authors

1. "Romantic Times 2004 Reviewers' Choice Award Winners". Romantic Times. Archived from the original on 2006-12-31.
2. "Romantic Times 2005 Reviewers' Choice Award Nominees". Romantic Times. Archived from the original on 2007-10-14.
3. "MaryJanice Davidson Blog Profile". MaryJanice Davidson.
4. Centorcelli, Kristin (March 21, 2013). "INTERVIEW: MaryJanice Davidson, Author of "Undead and Underwater"". *SF Signal*. Archived from the original on 2022-08-13. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
5. Clare, Pamela (March 7, 2013). "Interview: MaryJanice Davidson, 'Undead and Underwater'". *USA Today*. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
6. "Backlist, by series where applicable". *www.maryjanicedavidson.net*.
7. "Home". *fantasticfiction.co.uk*.
8. WorldCat

## InfoBox

| MaryJanice Davidson | |
| --- | --- |
| Occupation | Novelist |
| Nationality | American |
| Period | ? - present |
| Genre | Fantasy, Horror, Erotica, Romance |
| Website | |
| www.maryjanicedavidson.org | |


title: Francesca Costa

abstract: Francesca Costa was an Italian gymnast. She competed in six events at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Francesca Costa

**Francesca Costa** (16 February 1936  12 August 1961) was an Italian gymnast. She competed in six events at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

Francesca Costa
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Italian |
| Born | (1936-02-16)16 February 1936<br>Lodi, Italy |
| Died | 12 August 1961(1961-08-12) (aged 25) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Gymnastics |


title: Luis Simigliani

abstract: Luis Carlos Simigliani Carpio is a Venezuelan footballer who plays as a forward for Chilean side Universidad de Chile.

text:
# Luis Simigliani

**Luis Carlos Simigliani Carpio** (born 15 June 1999) is a Venezuelan footballer who plays as a forward for Chilean side Universidad de Chile.

## Club career

Simigliani marked his debut on January 28, 2017 with a goal; a 90th minute consolation in a 4–1 loss to Deportivo La Guaira. His second goal came in only his third game, and was the winner in a 2–1 victory over Trujillanos.

## Career statistics

### Club

*As of 5 June 2017*

| Club performance | | | League | | Cup | | Continental | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Club | Season | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Venezuela | | | Primera División | | Copa Venezuela | | Copa Libertadores | | Total | |
| Atlético Socopó | 2017 | Primera División | 11 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 3 |
| | Total | | 11 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 3 |
| Total | Venezuela | | 11 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 3 |
| | Career total | | 11 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 3 |

## InfoBox

Luis Simigliani
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Luis Carlos Simigliani Carpio | | |
| Date of birth | (1999-06-15) 15 June 1999 | | |
| Place of birth | Venezuela | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Universidad de Chile | | |
| Number |  | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 0000–2017 | Atlético Socopó | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2017 | Atlético Socopó | 11 | (3) |
| 2017– | Universidad de Chile | 0 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 17:25, 5 June 2017 (UTC) | | | |


title: On Our Own Island

abstract: On Our Own Island is a 2021 American documentary film, co-directed by Ellie Dylan and Sky Dylan-Robbins. The film is a timeless true love story that chronicles the seasons of a relationship from its romantic beginnings through life’s final moments. The film premiered at the 2021 Sedona International Film Festival, where it won the Audience Award for Best Documentary Feature. It went on to win numerous awards and screen at film festivals across the United States and around the world.

text:
# On Our Own Island

**On Our Own Island** is a 2021 American documentary film, co-directed by Ellie Dylan and Sky Dylan-Robbins. The film is a timeless true love story that chronicles the seasons of a relationship from its romantic beginnings through life’s final moments. The film premiered at the 2021 Sedona International Film Festival, where it won the Audience Award for Best Documentary Feature. It went on to win numerous awards and screen at film festivals across the United States and around the world.

## Synopsis

This “vivid, lyrical, and loving” documentary, directed by mother-daughter filmmakers Ellie Dylan and Sky Dylan-Robbins, presents a heartwarming tale about the enduring power of true love. When a terminal diagnosis for Steven Robbins (their husband and father) upends their lives, the family decides to film its journey. For two years, they “unflinchingly” follow Robbins as he goes from complete health to, and through, a peaceful death at home. Intertwined in the film is Dylan and Robbins’ decades-long romance that rivals a Hollywood love story — which includes hundreds of love letters that Robbins wrote to Dylan throughout their relationship.

## Development & Production

The filmmakers were equipped to support Robbins along his journey, and used their decades of media experience and journalistic skills to tell this story. The themes explored in this documentary also tie into previous experiences of the filmmakers: Dylan conducted her senior thesis at Tulane University on death over 40 years before, with the belief that death was not the end, but rather a transition. Meanwhile, at the start of the film’s production, Dylan-Robbins had just completed a short documentary about birth, the beginning of life, as a journalist at The New Yorker magazine.

However, the genesis of the film began decades earlier when Dylan and Robbins first met on a deserted beach in Malibu, California. Years later, after Robbins’ diagnosis, the family began searching for ways to heal him. With his death looming, the family’s focus shifted to finding ways to make his end-of-life experience peaceful and consistent with the values they embraced. Astonished when their search came up empty, the family decided to film its journey so others could benefit from the answers they were determined to find.

In 2020, in the film’s final stages and after six years in production, Dylan discovered boxes of love letters from Robbins to her in the attic of their home. The final title of the film had been evolving over its years in production. With the discovery of these letters, it became obvious to the filmmakers that there was only one title the film should have. In his final letter to Dylan, as well as in other previous letters he wrote to her over the years, Robbins referred to their time together as being “on our own island,” reflecting the romance and the beach theme that began with their first encounter.

*On Our Own Island* is a film about both love and death. Reviewers and audiences alike have lauded the film’s honesty, grace, and much-needed mission "to ignite a quiet revolution by empowering people everywhere to take back control of their end-of-life experience and “recognize that death and love intersect…mitigating society’s fear of death, and at the same time, supporting the idea that unconditional love is the most important thing of all.

## Cast

## Film Festivals & Awards

| Year | Festival | Awards |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2021 | Sedona International Film Festival | Audience Choice & Independent Spirit Awards, Best Documentary |
| 2021 | Heartland International Film Festival |  |
| 2021 | Maui Film Festival |  |
| 2023 | Bahamas International Film Festival | Spirit of Freedom Award |
| 2021 | Spirit International Film Festival |  |
| 2020 | Santa Monica Film Festival |  |
| 2021 | Malibu Film Festival |  |
| 2021 | Buffalo International Film Festival |  |
| 2021 | Manhattan Film Festival | Film Heals Award, Best Documentary |
| 2020 | Anchorage International Film Festival | Jury Award, Best Documentary |
| 2022 | Victoria Film Festival |  |
| 2021 | NewFilmmakers New York |  |
| 2021 | Vail Film Festival |  |
| 2021 | Kansas City FilmFest International |  |
| 2021 | Rhode Island International Film Festival | Semi-Finalist, Documentary |
| 2021 | Switzerland International Film Festival |  |

## InfoBox

| On Our Own Island | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Ellie Dylan Sky Dylan-Robbins
 |
| Produced by | Ellie Dylan |
| Starring | Ellie Dylan Steven Robbins
Sky Dylan-Robbins
 |
| Cinematography | Sky Dylan-Robbins |
| Edited by | Michael Levine Ellie Dylan
 |
| Music by | Dominique Charpentier |
| Production
company | Wingspan Media Partners |
| Release dates | * June 16, 2021 (2021-06-16) (Sedona) * February 15, 2023 (2023-02-15) (US) |
| Running time | 82 Mins |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Michael Hampton

abstract: Michael Hampton is an American funk/rock guitarist. He is a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, inducted in 1997 with fifteen other members of Parliament-Funkadelic.

text:
# Michael Hampton

**Michael Hampton** (born November 15, 1956) is an American funk/rock guitarist. He is a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, inducted in 1997 with fifteen other members of Parliament-Funkadelic.

## Career

Hampton was born in Cleveland, Ohio, and started his professional career when he was recruited as a seventeen-year-old guitar prodigy by the band Funkadelic, which found itself in need of a lead guitarist after original guitarist Eddie Hazel left the band. Hampton impressed Funkadelic's George Clinton by performing a note-for-note rendition of Hazel's ten-minute solo "Maggot Brain". Hampton made his debut with the band's album *Let's Take It to the Stage* in 1975, which is dominated by his guitar. Hampton's playing included fuzzy, Hendrix-inspired licks and wailing harmonics. Due to his young age, Hampton was nicknamed "Kidd Funkadelic".

Hampton became a fixture in Funkadelic, and he continued his role as lead guitarist even during Hazel's sporadic returns to the band. Hampton's performances of "Maggot Brain" — which had become more improvised – became regular features of live Parliament-Funkadelic shows, and the song became his signature concert performance. The bonus-EP of Funkadelic's *One Nation Under a Groove* (1978) included a live version of the song featuring Hampton. One of his most celebrated performances is the lead guitar solo on the Funkadelic hit single "(Not Just) Knee Deep" from 1979, as well the title track to the Brides of Funkenstein's second album *Never Buy Texas From A Cowboy*.

In 1981, Clinton was forced to disband the P-Funk musical empire due to financial and legal difficulties. In 1993, Hampton performed on the album *Under the 6* with Slave Master. Hampton continued to perform on albums released under Clinton's name, which featured many other P-Funk mainstays as well, and he became a member of the P-Funk All-Stars. In 1998, he released his first solo album entitled *Heavy Metal Funkason* through the P-Vine label in Japan.

In 2022, Hampton joined Chuck Treece to form the funk/punk fusion group Punkadelic. With Hampton on guitar and Treece on bass and drums, Punkadelic performed both original music and Funkadelic covers in Philadelphia, Mexico, and live on the radio at WOCM Ocean 98 in Ocean City, Maryland. Punkadelic released two singles and an original EP titled *Collective Consciousness* in 2023.

## InfoBox

| Michael Hampton | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1956-11-15) November 15, 1956<br>Cleveland, Ohio, U.S. |
| Genres |  |
| Occupation(s) | Musician, record producer |
| Instrument | Guitar |
| Years active | 1974–present |
| Labels | Westbound, Ace, Casablanca Records, Warner Bros. Records, CBS Records, P-Vine Records, Capitol Records, Arista Records, Atlantic Records, A&M records |


title: Martha Holliday

abstract: Martha Holliday was an American actress and dancer. She was a prima ballerina with the Pro-Arte Ballet Company in Havana, Cuba, and had a starring role as the romantic feminine lead in the film George White's Scandals (1945). She also appeared as a pin-up model in Yank, the Army Weekly.

text:
# Martha Holliday

**Martha Holliday** (born **Harriette Olson** August 3, 1922 – November 22, 1970) was an American actress and dancer. She was a prima ballerina with the Pro-Arte Ballet Company in Havana, Cuba, and had a starring role as the romantic feminine lead in the film *George White's Scandals* (1945). She also appeared as a pin-up model in *Yank, the Army Weekly*.

## Early life

Holliday was born in 1922 in Fort Smith, Arkansas, but moved to Oklahoma City as a child. She became a dancer as a child and a professional ballet dancer while in high school. On the same day she graduated from high school, she received a contract as a prima ballerina with the Pro-Arte Ballet Company in Havana, Cuba. After a brief stay in Cuba, she moved to Hollywood, California. She got a job at age 18 with Warner Brothers Studios, hoping to act but instead being assigned as a dance instructor. For three years, she taught dance routines to Warner Brothers stars.

## Acting career

In 1942, Holliday choreographed Jimmy Cagney's dance routines in the musical film *Yankee Doodle Dandy*. She also served as a leg double of the film's female stars for complex dance routines. Her early film appearances were limited to dancing under her birth name.

In 1944, Holliday signed a contract with RKO Pictures. RKO changed her name to Martha Holliday. Hoping to establish herself as an actress, she studied acting under Lillian Albertson. Instead, she was again assigned to teach dance routines to others. Finally, she secured a starring role as the romantic feminine lead in the musical comedy *George White's Scandals* (1945). Producer George White predicted early stardom for Holliday, and a writer in *The Des Moines Register* noted "Verily, the slippers of Cinderella now are on Martha Holliday's erstwhile tiptoeing tootsies!" After the film was released, one reviewer wrote, "While Martha Holliday has nimble toes and a pretty face, her English accent is fairly unusual." It proved to be her only featured role.

Holliday appeared as a pin-up girl in *Yank, the Army Weekly* magazine in December 1945. As U.S. senator Joseph O'Mahoney read a passage from the publication on the Senate floor, the image of the reverse page (Holliday's pin-up photograph) was displayed to the members of the Senate and passed from hand to hand. Columnist Harold Heffernan wrote, "The languorously graceful pose of Martha Holliday lazily sunning herself beside a swimming pool created a near-panic in the United States Senate."

Holliday also had smaller, uncredited roles in *The Enchanted Cottage* (1945), as the hat check girl in *The Flame* (1947), as Trudy Marsh in *I, Jane Doe* (1948), and as Pearl in *Lulu Belle* (1948).

## Death

Holliday retired from acting in 1948. She died in 1970 at age 48 in Los Angeles. She is interred in Glen Haven Memorial Park in Sylmar, Los Angeles.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1943 | *Thank Your Lucky Stars* | Dancer | (uncredited) |
| 1945 | *The Enchanted Cottage* | Bit Role | (uncredited) |
| 1945 | *George White's Scandals* | Jill Martin |  |
| 1947 | *The Flame* | Hat Check Girl | (uncredited) |
| 1948 | *I, Jane Doe* | Trudy Marsh | (uncredited) |
| 1948 | *Lulu Belle* | Pearl | (uncredited) |

## Footnotes

1. "Martha Holliday Tiptoed From the Ozarks to Oklahoma to Hollywood". *The Des Moines Register*. May 6, 1945. p. Magazine 3  via Newspapers.com.
2. Robert Lunn (December 2, 1945). "Ascending Star (Movie Makers)". *Eugene Register-Guard*. p. 24  via Newspapers.com.
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4. "The Talk of Hollywood". *The Evening Sun*. January 22, 1945. p. 13  via Newspapers.com.
5. Will Whiteside (August 27, 1945). "Role That's Close to Stardom Is Reward for Martha Holliday". *Richmond News-Leader*. p. 15  via Newspapers.com.
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8. "Martha Holliday". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved August 16, 2023.
9. Wilson, Scott. *Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons*, 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations 25047-25048). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition.

## InfoBox

| Martha Holliday | |
| --- | --- |
| Holliday in *Yank, the Army Weekly* magazine, 1945 | |
| Born | Harriette Olson
(1922-08-03)August 3, 1922
Fort Smith, Arkansas, U.S. |
| Died | November 22, 1970(1970-11-22) (aged 48)
Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Resting place | Glen Haven Memorial Park, Sylmar, Los Angeles |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 19401948 |


title: Nowinka, Augustów County

abstract: Nowinka is a village in Augustów County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Nowinka. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north of Augustów and 92 km (57 mi) north of the regional capital Białystok. The royal village of the Grodno economy was located at the end of the 18th century in the Grodno poviat of the Trakai Voivodeship. Until 1954, the village was the seat of the Szczebro-Olszanka commune. In 1975–1998, the town belonged administratively to the Suwałki Province.

text:
# Nowinka, Augustów County

**Nowinka** \[nɔˈvinka\] is a village in Augustów County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Nowinka. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north of Augustów and 92 km (57 mi) north of the regional capital Białystok.

The royal village of the Grodno economy was located at the end of the 18th century in the Grodno poviat of the Trakai Voivodeship. Until 1954, the village was the seat of the Szczebro-Olszanka commune. In 1975–1998, the town belonged administratively to the Suwałki Province.

## InfoBox

| Nowinka | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| August 2018 | |
| Nowinka | |
| Coordinates: 53°56′10″N 22°58′44″E / 53.93611°N 22.97889°E / 53.93611; 22.97889 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Podlaskie |
| County | Augustów |
| Gmina | Nowinka |
| Population | 300 |


title: Hooman Darabi

abstract: Hooman Darabi is an electrical engineer with Broadcom Corporation in Irvine, California. Darabi was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2014 for his contributions to radio frequency integrated circuits and systems. He received B.S. and M.S. degrees, both in electrical engineering, from Sharif University of Technology in Tehran, Iran, in 1994, and 1996, respectively. Darabi then received a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1999. Darabi is currently a senior technical director and fellow with Broadcom, as well as an adjunct professor with the University of California, Los Angeles. His interests include analog and RF IC design for wireless communications. He also served as an IEEE distinguished lecturer from 2012 to 2014.

text:
# Hooman Darabi

**Hooman Darabi** is an electrical engineer with Broadcom Corporation in Irvine, California. Darabi was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2014 for his contributions to radio frequency integrated circuits and systems. He received B.S. and M.S. degrees, both in electrical engineering, from Sharif University of Technology in Tehran, Iran, in 1994, and 1996, respectively. Darabi then received a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1999.

Darabi is currently a senior technical director and fellow with Broadcom, as well as an adjunct professor with the University of California, Los Angeles. His interests include analog and RF IC design for wireless communications. He also served as an IEEE distinguished lecturer from 2012 to 2014.


title: Martin Leiser

abstract: Martin Leiser is a Swiss athlete, who specializes in the 400 m hurdles. Leiser finished fourth in 4 × 400 m relay at the 2004 World Indoor Championships, together with teammates Alain Rohr, Cédric El-Idrissi and Andreas Oggenfuss. Earlier, during the series, the same Swiss team had realised 3.04,09, a new national record. His personal best time is 50.28 seconds, achieved during the 2003 Summer Universiade in Daegu.

text:
# Martin Leiser

**Martin Leiser** (born 17 June 1978) is a Swiss athlete, who specializes in the 400 m hurdles.

Leiser finished fourth in 4 × 400 m relay at the 2004 World Indoor Championships, together with teammates Alain Rohr, Cédric El-Idrissi and Andreas Oggenfuss. Earlier, during the series, the same Swiss team had realised 3.04,09, a new national record.

His personal best time is 50.28 seconds, achieved during the 2003 Summer Universiade in Daegu.


title: Pepe Mantilla

abstract: Jose (Pepe) Mantilla is a Mexican sports broadcaster for the Los Angeles Lakers who also used to cover USC Trojans football.

text:
# Pepe Mantilla

**Jose (Pepe) Mantilla** is a Mexican sports broadcaster for the Los Angeles Lakers who also used to cover USC Trojans football.

## Early life

A graduate of UNAM in Mexico City, Mantilla has been a commentator for the Los Angeles Lakers since 1993 which included every year of Kobe Bryant's career. In addition to his work with the Lakers, he has also served as a commentator for a series of soccer games, including the World Cup, NFL games and other events for Fox Sports, while also serving the network as a play-by-play man for MLB broadcasts. He is credited with helping to establish the Lakers' digital marketing to the Hispanic market.

Mantilla was honored in 2017 as a Spanish Language Radio Analyst from the Southern California Sports Broadcasters Hall of Fame and received the National Hispanic Media Coalition Impact Award in 2014.