title: Phi Life Cypher

abstract: Phi Life Cypher were a British hip hop group based in Luton, composed of two MCs, Si Phili and Life MC, and DJ Nappa. The trio started making music together around 1996, and since have had much success on the UK underground circuit. Phi-Life Cypher made it to the final of Tim Westwood's Talent 2000 competition and ripping the mic on DJ Skitz's seminal posse cut 'Fingerprints of the Gods' projected them to the upper realms of the UK hip hop scene. Phi Life Cypher was featured on an earlier version of "Clint Eastwood" by Gorillaz, however Damon Albarn and Dan the Automator decided to use Del the Funky Homosapien instead. This version was later officially released on G-Sides, a compilation of B-sides which was released in Japan and quickly followed with international releases in early 2002. Phi Life Cypher did however perform the track with Gorillaz at the 2002 Brit Awards, featuring the band in 3D animation, weaving in and out of each other on four large screens along with their rap accompaniment. Phi Life Cypher also collaborated with Gorillaz on "The Sounder" and an unreleased version of "Starshine". The group has toured with and appeared on tracks by Gorillaz and DJ Vadim.

text:
# Phi Life Cypher

**Phi Life Cypher** were a British hip hop group based in Luton, composed of two MCs, Si Phili and Life MC, and DJ Nappa. The trio started making music together around 1996, and since have had much success on the UK underground circuit. Phi-Life Cypher made it to the final of Tim Westwood's Talent 2000 competition and ripping the mic on DJ Skitz's seminal posse cut 'Fingerprints of the Gods' projected them to the upper realms of the UK hip hop scene.

Phi Life Cypher was featured on an earlier version of "Clint Eastwood" by Gorillaz, however Damon Albarn and Dan the Automator decided to use Del the Funky Homosapien instead. This version was later officially released on *G-Sides*, a compilation of B-sides which was released in Japan and quickly followed with international releases in early 2002. Phi Life Cypher did however perform the track with Gorillaz at the 2002 Brit Awards, featuring the band in 3D animation, weaving in and out of each other on four large screens along with their rap accompaniment. Phi Life Cypher also collaborated with Gorillaz on "The Sounder" and an unreleased version of "Starshine".

The group has toured with and appeared on tracks by Gorillaz and DJ Vadim.

## Discography

### Albums

### EPs and singles

* "Baddest Man" (1998, white label)
* "Earth Rulers" (2000, Jazz Fudge)
* "Herbaholics" (2001, Jazz Fudge)
* *The Chosen Few EP* (with Task Force) (2002, Jazz Fudge)
* "Over" (2003, Zebra Traffic)
* "Rap It Up" (2004, Zebra Traffic)
* "Playback" (2006)

### Guest appearances

* Gorillaz — "Clint Eastwood" (Phi Life Cypher version), "The Sounder", "Starshine (Alternate version)"
* The Herbaliser — "Distinguished Jamaican English" (The Herbaliser remix)
* Skitz — "Fingerprints of the Gods", "Cordless Mics at 20 Paces"
* Mark B. & Blade — "Ya Don't See the Signs" (Phi Life Cypher remix)
* DJ Vadim — "Ghetto Rebels" on *USSR... The Art of Listening*

## InfoBox

| Phi Life Cypher | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Luton, England |
| Genres | Hip hop |
| Years active | 1996–2012 |
|  | |
| Past members | Life MC
Si Phili
DJ Nappa
 |


title: Philip A. Amerson

abstract: Philip Amos Amerson is a theological educator, pastor and social researcher. He served as president of Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary and the Claremont School of Theology.

text:
# Philip A. Amerson

**Philip Amos Amerson** (born January 1, 1946) is a theological educator, pastor and social researcher. He served as president of Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary and the Claremont School of Theology.

## Early life and education

Amerson was born in southern Indiana and raised in a Methodist pastor's home. After graduating from Shortridge High School in Indianapolis he attended Asbury College and Asbury Theological Seminary in Kentucky. His doctoral work was done at Emory University where he studied the Sociology of Religion under Jackson Carroll and Earl D. C. Brewer. During this time he wrote *Racism and Suburban Congregations: Strategies for Change.*

## Career

Amerson worked in several academic and religious settings, and also engaged in research on urban parishes for the Lilly Endowment. From 1970 through 2000 he divided his time between academic research and the church, teaching in colleges and graduate schools. He also taught for a year in the Republic of Panama at the Instituto Pan Americano. In 1977 Amerson and his wife, Dr. Elaine (Mallard) Amerson left teaching posts at Emory University to become founding members of an intentional Christian Community, Patchwork Ministries, in Evansville, Indiana; they there stayed until 1986. While serving as parish pastor in Indianapolis and Bloomington, Indiana Amerson continued to function as a researcher and consultant.

In the 1980s Amerson began to write, speak and teach about institutional leadership, urban community development and the role of congregations in addressing poverty and discrimination. His work in these years was influenced by conversations with Robert K. Greenleaf. Amerson studied the role of Servant Leadership in urban parish life and interpreted Greenleaf's writings on the role of theological seminaries.

Amerson met John McKnight, an initiator of the Asset Based Community Development movement, at Northwestern University. McKnight's critique of the social service industry and helping institutions influenced Amerson to focus more of his own work on building on the capacities found among the residents of poor communities. He was additionally influenced by Herman B Wells, a member of his parish in Bloomington, Indiana, and president and chancellor of Indiana University, to study the development of social institutions.

In 2000 he became the president of Claremont School of Theology and then in 2006 moved to the presidency of Garrett-Evangelical Theology Seminary on the Campus of Northwestern University. During these years he served two terms as leader of the Association of United Methodist Theological Schools and Senator and Vice-President of the United Methodist University Senate.

Amerson wrote and spoke of his concerns that his denomination gave preference to those in wealthy and suburban settings and practiced discrimination based on sexual orientation. He was an elected delegate to the world gathering of United Methodists at their General Conferences in 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004. He was a presenter on academic topics and a convener at several gatherings of the Oxford Institutes of Methodist Theological Studies, which occur every five years.

After retiring from seminary administration he served as interim senior pastor of St. Andrew United Methodist Church in Highlands Ranch, Colorado (2014) and First United Methodist, San Diego, California (2018–19). He continues to undertake consulting, writing and research from his home in Bloomington, Indiana.

## Publications

* “The Vocation of Peacebuilding,” with John W. Woell, in Choosing Peace Through Daily Practices, Ellen Ott Marshall, editor; Cleveland: Pilgrim Press, 2005.
* Tell Me City Stories: A Journey for Urban Congregations, Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stevens Publishers, 2003.
* "Legacy of a Lightweight” in First Fruits, David Mosser and Brian Bauknight, editors; Nashville: Abingdon, 2003.
* "Clockwork Theology," Circuit Rider, January/February 2000.
* "Decline or Transformation? Another View of Mainline Finances" with Edward Stephenson and Jan Shipps, *The Christian Century*, February 5, 1997.
* "Public Ministry: Chronicles of Capacity Building," in Envisioning the New City: A Reader on Urban Ministry, Eleanor Scott Meyers, editor; Westminster/John Knox Press, 1992.
* "The Urban Church: Flight Time or Staying Power," Circuit Rider (Dec./Jan. 1990 - 1991).
* "Faith and Social Ministry: United Methodism," with Earl D. C. Brewer, in Faith and Social Ministry: An Interfaith Dialogue (Loyola University Press, 1990).
* "Miracle on Twenty-ninth Street," The Other Side, April 1988.
* "Inside Story: A Parable," The Other Side, September 1988.
* "For Those Who Bear the Bounty," The Other Side, December 1984.
* "Master Teacher and Disciples: An Old and Good Model," Cities, Winter 1984.
* "Ministry on the Urban Frontier: Access and Retirement," in Signs of the Kingdom in the Secular City; David Frenchak, ed., (Chicago: Covenant Press) 1984.
* "Strategy and Urban Ministry," Cities, Summer 1983.
* "On Asking Fish to Jump Into a Barrel: Reflections on Urban Evangelization," The Covenant Quarterly, May 1982.
* "Trends in Lifestyle Research," Review of Religious Research, Summer 1979.
* "Excess or Access," Sojourners, July 1979.
* "The Suburban Church and Racism: Is Change Possible?" with Jackson W. Carroll, Review of Religious Research, Summer 1979.
* "If People Knew the Truth, They'd Panic," Sojourners, January 1979.
* "Congregations and Racial Change," with Jackson W. Carroll, Hartford Seminary Foundation, 1975.
* “Inventory of Institutional Racism," with Jackson Carroll, Advance, October 1974.
* "Fighting White Racism in the Churches," Convergence, May 1974.

## InfoBox

| Philip A. Amerson | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1946-01-01) January 1, 1946 |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | Asbury Theological Seminary<br>Emory University |
| Occupation(s) | Theological educator, Pastor, social researcher, seminary president |
| Website | philipamerson.com |


title: Pfäffikon–Arth-Goldau railway

abstract: The Pfäffikon–Arth-Goldau railway is a largely single-track standard-gauge line in Switzerland. It was the only line built by the original Schweizerischen Südostbahn. Two connecting lines, the Rapperswil–Pfäffikon railway over the Seedamm (causeway) and the Wädenswil–Einsiedeln railway, were built by two predecessor companies, the Wädenswil-Einsiedeln-Bahn and the Zürichsee–Gotthardbahn. The Pfäffikon–Arth-Goldau railway used the line between Samstagern and Biberbrugg that had been built as part of the Wädenswil–Einsiedeln railway. The line, including a 34.58 kilometre-long section of the Bodensee–Toggenburg railway (Bodensee-Toggenburg-Bahn) that became part of the new Südostbahn as the result of a merger in 2001, has been electrified since 15 May 1939 at 15 kV AC 16⁲/3 Hz.

text:
# Pfäffikon–Arth-Goldau railway

The **Pfäffikon–Arth-Goldau railway** is a largely single-track standard-gauge line in Switzerland. It was the only line built by the original *Schweizerischen Südostbahn* (Swiss Southeastern Railway). Two connecting lines, the Rapperswil–Pfäffikon railway over the Seedamm (causeway) and the Wädenswil–Einsiedeln railway, were built by two predecessor companies, the Wädenswil-Einsiedeln-Bahn and the Zürichsee–Gotthardbahn (Lake Zürich-Gotthard Railway). The Pfäffikon–Arth-Goldau railway used the line between Samstagern and Biberbrugg that had been built as part of the Wädenswil–Einsiedeln railway. The line, including a 34.58 kilometre-long section of the Bodensee–Toggenburg railway (*Bodensee-Toggenburg-Bahn*) that became part of the new Südostbahn as the result of a merger in 2001, has been electrified since 15 May 1939 at 15 kV AC 162/3 Hz.

## History

The line was built to give access to the Gotthard Railway. Due to the local conditions, the Wädenswil–Einsiedeln section was built with a grade of up to 5.0%. The line was taken into operations on 29 July 1891 and officially opened on 31 July. However, official approval for regular operations did not arrive until 4 August. This discrepancy can be explained by the fact that between 31 July and 3 August 1891 Schwyz was celebrating the 600 anniversary of the foundation of the Swiss Confederation and therefore already had special trains for this celebration. The first scheduled train ran on 8 August 1891. The first authorisation was still subject to conditions and operations were therefore limited. The final approval was only granted after the official bridge tests in 1892 as further work had to be carried out on some bridges.

Finance for electrification was not secured for a long time, but it was eventually approved at the General Meeting on 6 July 1938. Work began immediately on building the overhead line and the transmission lines. It was scheduled to be completed before the Swiss National Exhibition of 1939 in Zürich (*Landi 39*). The electricity would be supplied at cost price from the Etzel works of the SBB. The electrification succeeded and the lines were electrified within 10 months. A small celebration took place on 13 May. Electrical operations should have been started on the entire network of the Südostbahn at the timetable change on 15 May 1939. However, the railway did not have its own electric rolling stock at this time. The eight railcars (CFZe 4/4 and BCFZe 4/4) ordered in 1938 had not yet been delivered.

Biberegg station was opened as a halt for winter sports in 1935 and it was converted into a normal halt in 1979. Riedmatt station was opened in 1974. Freienbach station was upgraded to a crossing station in 1988. Due to the increase in traffic, the line between Samstagern and Schindellegi-Feusisberg was duplicated in 1992.

Deformations developed in the lower part of Lustenau tunnel (or Tunnel No. 2). These were caused by the slope pressures and the cutting of the valley side as a result of the relocation of a cantonal road on the ridge pierced by the tunnel. The deformations became so strong at the beginning of 1975 that intervention work became inevitable. The tunnel was converted into a cutting with a retaining wall in May 1975. Replacement bus services lasted 12 days.

Since 15 October 1977, the Pfäffikon–Arth-Goldau line has been equipped at least to the former SBB profile I, that is a rail weight of 46 kg/m (92.7 lb/yd). The restrictions on axle load and linear load on bridges could then be lifted. Since 2018, all rolling stock up to and including class D4 (22.5 t or 22.1 long tons or 24.8 short tons axle load, 8 t/m (7.2 long ton/yd; 8.1 short ton/yd) linear load) have been allowed on the line.

### Footnotes

### Sources

* Oswald, Gerhard; Michel, Kaspar (1991). *Die Südostbahn – Geschichte einer Privatbahn* (in German). Zürich: Orell Füssli Verlag. ISBN 3-280-02048-4.

## InfoBox

| Pfäffikon–Arth-Goldau railway | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Overview | |
| Owner | Südostbahn |
| Line number | 670 |
| Termini |  |
| Technical | |
| Line length | 34.58 km (21.49 mi) |
| Number of tracks | mostly 1 |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) standard gauge |
| Electrification | 15 kV/16.7 Hz AC overhead catenary |
| Maximum incline | 5.0% |
| Route map | |


title: Philippe Hersent

abstract: Philippe Hersent was a French actor. He appeared in more than eighty films from 1930 to 1978.

text:
# Philippe Hersent

**Philippe Hersent** (26 July 1912 – 30 December 1982) was a French actor. He appeared in more than eighty films from 1930 to 1978.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1930 | *L'enfant de l'amour* |  |  |
| 1931 | *End of the World* |  |  |
| 1933 | *Rocambole* |  |  |
| 1934 | *Les bleus de la marine* | L'aspirant |  |
| 1935 | *Golgotha* | Jacques |  |
| | *Le secret de l'émeraude* | Walter |  |
| | *Joli monde* | Philippe |  |
| 1936 | *Mayerling* | Petit rôle | Uncredited |
| | *La Garçonne* | Peer Rys |  |
| | *La Porte du large* |  |  |
| | *The King* | Sernin de Chamarande |  |
| 1937 | *Grey's Thirteenth Investigation* | Bernard Dartmore |  |
| 1938 | *Une de la cavalerie* | de Mareuil |  |
| | *Un meurtre a été commis* | Claude Lorrain |  |
| 1939 | *Fort Dolorès* | Marco Lopez |  |
| 1940 | *Après Mein Kampf mes crimes* |  |  |
| 1946 | *Night Warning* | Stefan Hess |  |
| | *La troisième dalle* | Gérard |  |
| | *Destiny* |  |  |
| 1947 | *The Fugitive* | Pole |  |
| | *La dernière chevauchée* | Claude Carrion |  |
| 1948 | *The Tragic Dolmen* | Bartoli |  |
| 1949 | *L'homme aux mains d'argile* | Marken |  |
| 1950 | *Nous avons tous fait la même chose* |  |  |
| | *The Dancer of Marrakesh* |  |  |
| 1951 | *The Billionaire Tramp* | Le commissaire de quartier |  |
| | *Mammy* | Un acolyte de Maurice |  |
| 1953 | *La môme vert-de-gris* | Le commissaire |  |
| | *Children of Love* | Inspecteur Gaultier |  |
| 1954 | *Opération tonnerre* |  |  |
| 1955 | *The White Angel* | Mario La Torre |  |
| 1956 | *The Violent Patriot* | frate Salvatore |  |
| | *La rivale* | Colonnello Dondi |  |
| | *The House of Intrigue* | Mark Landers |  |
| | *Ciao, pais...* | Serg. Sergio Blanc |  |
| 1957 | *Solo Dio mi fermerà* |  |  |
| | *The Mighty Crusaders* | Goffredo di Buglione |  |
| | *The Dragon's Blood* | Danwarth |  |
| | *La trovatella di Pompei* | Mariano |  |
| 1958 | *The Sword and the Cross* | Ponzio Pilato |  |
| 1959 | *Ritrovarsi all'alba* | Ing. Montini |  |
| | *Marie of the Isles* | Baillardel |  |
| | *I mafiosi* | Don Calogero Virzi |  |
| | *The Giant of Marathon* | Callimaco |  |
| 1960 | *Les mordus* | Lane |  |
| | *Goliath and the Dragon* | Androclo |  |
| | *The Huns* | Katermai |  |
| 1961 | *Guns of the Black Witch* | Jean's Stepfather |  |
| 1962 | *Attack of the Normans* | James |  |
| | *79 A.D.* | Titus Flavius |  |
| | *The Old Testament* | Namele |  |
| 1964 | *Rome Against Rome* | Azer |  |
| | *Coriolanus: Hero without a Country* | Consul Cominio |  |
| | *Zorikan lo sterminatore* |  |  |
| | *Hero of Rome* | Publicola |  |
| | *Messalina vs. the Son of Hercules* | Claudius |  |
| | *Giants of Rome* | Drusus |  |
| | *Three Swords for Rome* |  |  |
| 1965 | *Agent 077: Mission Bloody Mary* | Heston - CIA Chief |  |
| | *Agent 077: From the Orient with Fury* | |  |
| 1966 | *The Murder Clinic* | Marc de Brantome |  |
| | *Special Mission Lady Chaplin* | Heston |  |
| | *Cifrato speciale* | Richard |  |
| 1968 | *Un colpo da mille miliardi* | Gottlieb |  |
| | *Hell in Normandy* | Prof. Aubernet |  |
| | *Carogne si nasce* | Deputy Norton 'Mezzobraccio' Carradine |  |
| 1969 | *Tiempos de Chicago* | Big John |  |
| 1970 | *Tulips of Haarlem* |  |  |
| | *Cerca di capirmi* |  |  |
| 1971 | *Tre nel mille* |  |  |
| | *I quattro pistoleri di Santa Trinità* | Marshal Thomas |  |
| | *Scipio the African* | console Marcello |  |
| | *Le belve* | Placido | (segment "Il cincillà) |
| 1972 | *So Sweet, So Dead* | The Questor |  |
| | *The Infamous Column* | Guglielmo Migliavacca |  |
| 1973 | *The Great Kidnapping* | Riccardi |  |
| 1974 | *The Beast* | Owner of CISA Car Company |  |
| | *Conversation Piece* | Portiere |  |
| 1975 | *A Second Spring* | Giuseppe |  |
| 1976 | *The Innocent* |  |  |
| | *A.A.A. cercasi spia... disposta spiare per conto spie* | Samos |  |
| | *A Matter of Time* | Cook |  |
| | *Voir Malte et mourir* |  |  |
| 1977 | *La bella e la bestia* | The Prince | (segment "Zooerastia") |
| 1978 | *Silver Saddle* | Sheriff | (final film role) |

## InfoBox

| Philippe Hersent | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1912-07-26)26 July 1912
Écommoy, France |
| Died | 30 December 1982(1982-12-30) (aged 70)
Rome, Italy |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1930-1978 |


title: Phaeolus schweinitzii

abstract: Phaeolus schweinitzii, commonly known as velvet-top fungus, dyer's polypore, dyer's mazegill, or pine dye polypore, is a fungal plant pathogen that causes butt rot on conifers such as Douglas-fir, spruce, fir, hemlock, pine, and larch. P. schweinitzii is a polypore, although unlike bracket fungi the fruiting body may appear terrestrial when growing from the roots or base of the host tree. The fruiting bodies, appearing in late summer or fall, commonly incorporate blades of grass, twigs, or fallen pine needles as they grow. They are tannish with darker brown centres, with orange to pale margins on young specimens. They may grow beyond 25 cm in diameter. As the fruiting bodies age, the pore surface turns from yellow to greenish yellow, the top becomes darker, and the yellow-brown flesh becomes harder and more wood-like. The pores bruise brown. The spores are white, elliptical, smooth, and inamyloid. The effect, impact and significance of infection by this fungus is rooted in the fact that it causes brown rot, which degrades the cellulose. Thus there is a loss of tensile strength which often leads to brittle fracture near the stem base, even at a fairly early stage of decay. Decay initiated above ground can lead to branch snap or breakout. P. schweinitzii is native to North America and Eurasia, and has been identified as an exotic species in New Zealand, Australia, and South Africa. It is not edible. As its common name suggests, the dyer's polypore is an excellent natural source of green, yellow, gold, or brown dye, depending on the material dyed and the mordant used. P. schweinitzii is named after Lewis David de Schweinitz, a Pennsylvania-born Moravian minister and important early American mycologist. Similar species include Heterobasidion irregulare, H. occidentale, Inonotus dryophilus, and Onnia tomentosa.

text:
# Phaeolus schweinitzii

| Phaeolus schweinitziiMycological characteristics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | **Pores** on hymenium |
|  | Cap is **offset** |
|  | Hymenium is **decurrent** |
|  | Stipe is **bare** |
|  | Spore print is **white** to **yellow** |
|  | Ecology is **saprotrophic** or **parasitic** |
|  | Edibility is **inedible** |

***Phaeolus schweinitzii***, commonly known as **velvet-top fungus**, **dyer's polypore**, **dyer's mazegill**, or **pine dye polypore**, is a fungal plant pathogen that causes butt rot on conifers such as Douglas-fir, spruce, fir, hemlock, pine, and larch. *P. schweinitzii* is a polypore, although unlike bracket fungi the fruiting body may appear terrestrial when growing from the roots or base of the host tree.

The fruiting bodies, appearing in late summer or fall, commonly incorporate blades of grass, twigs, or fallen pine needles as they grow. They are tannish with darker brown centres, with orange to pale margins on young specimens. They may grow beyond 25 cm in diameter. As the fruiting bodies age, the pore surface turns from yellow to greenish yellow, the top becomes darker, and the yellow-brown flesh becomes harder and more wood-like. The pores bruise brown. The spores are white, elliptical, smooth, and inamyloid.

The effect, impact and significance of infection by this fungus is rooted in the fact that it causes brown rot, which degrades the cellulose. Thus there is a loss of tensile strength which often leads to brittle fracture near the stem base, even at a fairly early stage of decay. Decay initiated above ground can lead to branch snap or breakout.

*P. schweinitzii* is native to North America and Eurasia, and has been identified as an exotic species in New Zealand, Australia, and South Africa. It is not edible.

As its common name suggests, the dyer's polypore is an excellent natural source of green, yellow, gold, or brown dye, depending on the material dyed and the mordant used.

*P. schweinitzii* is named after Lewis David de Schweinitz, a Pennsylvania-born Moravian minister and important early American mycologist.

Similar species include *Heterobasidion irregulare*, *H. occidentale*, *Inonotus dryophilus*, and *Onnia tomentosa*.

## InfoBox

| *Phaeolus schweinitzii* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Polyporales |
| Family: | Phaeolaceae |
| Genus: | *Phaeolus* |
| Species: | ***P. schweinitzii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phaeolus schweinitzii***<br>(Fr.) Pat. (1900) | |
|


title: Phelypaea

abstract: Phelypaea is a genus of flowering plants in the broomrape family Orobanchaceae, native to the Balkans, Greece, Crimea, the Caucasus region, Anatolia, the Levant, Iraq and Iran. They are root parasites which cannot conduct photosynthesis and are only seen above ground when flowering.

text:
# Phelypaea

***Phelypaea*** is a genus of flowering plants in the broomrape family Orobanchaceae, native to the Balkans, Greece, Crimea, the Caucasus region, Anatolia, the Levant, Iraq and Iran. They are root parasites which cannot conduct photosynthesis and are only seen above ground when flowering.

## Species

Currently accepted species include:

| Image | Scientific name | Distribution |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | *Phelypaea boissieri* (Reut.) Stapf | Albania, Greece, Yugoslavia |
|  | *Phelypaea coccinea* (M.Bieb.) Poir. | Greece, Iran, Krym, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Transcaucasus, Turkey |
|  | *Phelypaea helenae* Popl. ex Sukaczev | Krym |
|  | *Phelypaea tournefortii* Desf. | Transcaucasus, Turkey |
|

## InfoBox

| *Phelypaea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Phelypaea tournefortii* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Orobanchaceae |
| Tribe: | Orobancheae |
| Genus: | *Phelypaea*<br>Tourn. ex L. |
|
| Species | |
| See text | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Alatraea* Neck. * *Anoplanthus* Endl. * *Anoplon* Rchb. * *Diphelypaea* Nicolson * *Phelipea* Pers. | |


title: Philadelphia Classic

abstract: The Philadelphia Classic was a golf tournament on the Nike Tour. It ran from 1995 to 1997. In 1995 and 1996 it was played at Philmont Country Club in Huntingdon Valley, Pennsylvania. In 1997 it was played at Laurel Creek Country Club in Mount Laurel, New Jersey. In 1997 the winner earned $36,000.

text:
# Philadelphia Classic

The **Philadelphia Classic** was a golf tournament on the Nike Tour. It ran from 1995 to 1997. In 1995 and 1996 it was played at Philmont Country Club in Huntingdon Valley, Pennsylvania. In 1997 it was played at Laurel Creek Country Club in Mount Laurel, New Jersey.

In 1997 the winner earned $36,000.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Score | To par | Margin of
victory | Runner(s)-up |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Nike Laurel Creek Classic | | | | | |
| 1997 | Matt Gogel | 269 | −15 | 1 stroke | Dennis Paulson |
| Nike Philadelphia Classic | | | | | |
| 1996 | Brett Quigley | 273 | −7 | 2 strokes | R. W. Eaks
Rocky Walcher |
| 1995 | Sean Murphy | 267 | −13 | 1 stroke | Allen Doyle |

## InfoBox

Nike Laurel Creek Classic
| Tournament information | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Mount Laurel, New Jersey |
| Established | 1995 |
| Course(s) | Laurel Creek Country Club |
| Par | 71 |
| Tour(s) | Nike Tour |
| Format | Stroke play |
| Prize fund | US$200,000 |
| Month played | July |
| Final year | 1997 |
| Tournament record score | |
| Aggregate | 267 Sean Murphy (1995) |
| To par | −19 Matt Gogel (1997) |
| Final champion | |
| Matt Gogel | |
| Location map | |
| Laurel Creek CCLocation in the United StatesLaurel Creek CCLocation in New Jersey | |


title: Philip Burton Jr.

abstract: Philip Burton Jr. was a documentary filmmaker whose subjects included African-Americans and American government. Among his works were C. Everett Koop, M.D..

text:
# Philip Burton Jr.

**Philip Burton Jr.** (December 9, 1934  December 24, 2010) was a documentary filmmaker whose subjects included African-Americans and American government. Among his works were *C. Everett Koop, M.D.*.

1. Obituary *New York Times*, January 1, 2011; page A17.

## InfoBox

| Philip Burton Jr. | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1934-12-09)December 9, 1934
New York, New York |
| Died | December 24, 2010(2010-12-24) (aged 76)
Santa Barbara, California |
| Occupation | Documentary filmmaker |
| Spouses | *   Martha Simcoe  (m. 1962; div. 1974) *   Cindy Pitou (m. 1985) |


title: Neapolitan ragù

abstract:
Neapolitan ragù, known in Italian as ragù alla napoletana or ragù napoletano, is one of the two best known varieties of ragù. It is a speciality of Naples, as its name indicates. The other variety originated in Bologna and is known in Italian as ragù alla bolognese or ragù bolognese.
The Neapolitan type is made from two main parts: meat, and tomato sauce to which a few seasonings are added. Two distinctive features are the type of meat and how it is used, as well as the amount of tomato in the sauce. Bolognese versions use very finely chopped meat, while Neapolitan versions use whole meat, taking it from the casserole when cooked and serving it as a second course or with pasta. Preferences for ingredients also differ. In Naples, white wine is replaced by red wine, butter by lard or olive oil, and many basil leaves are used where Bolognese ragù has no herbs. In the Neapolitan recipe, the content may well be enriched by adding raisins, pine nuts, and involtini with different fillings. Milk and cream are not used, and a relative abundance of tomato sauce is preferred, in contrast to Bolognese use of a minimal amount. The tomato season is much longer in more southern Naples than in more northern Bologna. Like the Bolognese, Neapolitan ragù also has quite a wide range of variants, the best known of which is ragù guardaporta.

text:
# Neapolitan ragù

**Neapolitan ragù**, known in Italian as ***ragù alla napoletana*** (Italian: \[raˈɡu alla napoleˈtaːna\]) or ***ragù napoletano***, is one of the two best known varieties of ragù. It is a speciality of Naples, as its name indicates. The other variety originated in Bologna and is known in Italian as *ragù alla bolognese* or *ragù bolognese*. The Neapolitan type is made from two main parts: meat, and tomato sauce to which a few seasonings are added. Two distinctive features are the type of meat and how it is used, as well as the amount of tomato in the sauce. Bolognese versions use very finely chopped meat, while Neapolitan versions use whole meat, taking it from the casserole when cooked and serving it as a second course or with pasta. Preferences for ingredients also differ. In Naples, white wine is replaced by red wine, butter by lard or olive oil, and many basil leaves are used where Bolognese ragù has no herbs. In the Neapolitan recipe, the content may well be enriched by adding raisins, pine nuts, and *involtini* with different fillings. Milk and cream are not used, and a relative abundance of tomato sauce is preferred, in contrast to Bolognese use of a minimal amount. The tomato season is much longer in more southern Naples than in more northern Bologna. Like the Bolognese, Neapolitan ragù also has quite a wide range of variants, the best known of which is *ragù guardaporta* ('doorman's ragù').

Media related to Neapolitan ragù at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

Neapolitan ragù
| Neapolitan ragù served with *paccheri* pasta | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Ragù |
| Place of origin | Italy |
| Region or state | Naples |
| Main ingredients | Onion, meat, tomato sauce, red wine, basil, lard or olive oil |
|  | |


title: Robert Bedingfield

abstract: Sir Robert Bedingfield (1637–1711) of Ludgate Street, London, was a British merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1701. He was Lord Mayor of London in 1706. Bedingfield was born before 2 June 1637, the fifth son of John Bedingfield of Lincoln’s Inn and Halesworth, Suffolk and his wife Joyce Morgan, daughter of Edmund Morgan of Lambeth, Surrey. He was a woollen-draper and a member of the Merchant Taylors’ Company. He married, by licence dated 22 December 1662, Elizabeth Harvey daughter of Martin Harvey of Weston Favell, Northamptonshire. She died without issue in 1688. He married as his second wife Anne Reynardson, widow of Nicholas Reynardson of London and daughter of William Strode of Newhouse, Warwickshire on 10 October 1689. Bedingfield was a common councilman for Castle Baynard Ward London from 1682 to 1683 and from 1688 to 1697. He became Alderman of Dowgate on 26 January 1697 and a Master of the Merchant Taylors also in 1697. He was knighted on 18 November 1697. He was a strong Tory and had at one time been a friend of Judge Jeffreys. At the first general election of 1701, he was brought in as Member of Parliament for Hedon by Henry Guy. He was generally inactive in Parliament, but in May 1701 he petitioned the House for relief from the effects of the Act relating to forfeited estates in Ireland. His single vote in the London common council forestalled a petition in support of the Kentish Petitioners. He was blacklisted because he had opposed preparations for war, and did not stand at the second general election of 1701. He became Sheriff of London for the year 1702 to 1703, and became Lord Mayor in 1706. He was named as colonel of the City militia among six other Tories in October 1710 and he supported the Tory candidates in the London parliamentary election a month later. Bedingfield died, suddenly, without issue on 2 May 1711. He was brother of Henry Bedingfield and he left as his principal heir his nephew Thomas Bedingfield of St. John’s, Oxfordshire. Another nephew received by his will "the lease of my dwelling house and shop and the whole benefit and advantage of the same".

text:
# Robert Bedingfield

**Sir Robert Bedingfield** (1637–1711) of Ludgate Street, London, was a British merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1701. He was Lord Mayor of London in 1706.

Bedingfield was born before 2 June 1637, the fifth son of John Bedingfield of Lincoln’s Inn and Halesworth, Suffolk and his wife Joyce Morgan, daughter of Edmund Morgan of Lambeth, Surrey. He was a woollen-draper and a member of the Merchant Taylors’ Company. He married, by licence dated 22 December 1662, Elizabeth Harvey daughter of Martin Harvey of Weston Favell, Northamptonshire. She died without issue in 1688. He married as his second wife Anne Reynardson, widow of Nicholas Reynardson of London and daughter of William Strode of Newhouse, Warwickshire on 10 October 1689.

Bedingfield was a common councilman for Castle Baynard Ward London from 1682 to 1683 and from 1688 to 1697. He became Alderman of Dowgate on 26 January 1697 and a Master of the Merchant Taylors also in 1697. He was knighted on 18 November 1697. He was a strong Tory and had at one time been a friend of Judge Jeffreys. At the first general election of 1701, he was brought in as Member of Parliament for Hedon by Henry Guy. He was generally inactive in Parliament, but in May 1701 he petitioned the House for relief from the effects of the Act relating to forfeited estates in Ireland. His single vote in the London common council forestalled a petition in support of the Kentish Petitioners. He was blacklisted because he had opposed preparations for war, and did not stand at the second general election of 1701. He became Sheriff of London for the year 1702 to 1703, and became Lord Mayor in 1706. He was named as colonel of the City militia (Blue regiment) among six other Tories in October 1710 and he supported the Tory candidates in the London parliamentary election a month later.

Bedingfield died, suddenly, without issue on 2 May 1711. He was brother of Henry Bedingfield and he left as his principal heir his nephew Thomas Bedingfield of St. John’s, Oxfordshire. Another nephew received by his will "the lease of my dwelling house and shop and the whole benefit and advantage of the same".


title: Mabel Holle

abstract: Mabel B. Holle ["Holly"] was an American infielder and outfielder who played in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League during the 1943 season. Listed at 5 ft 7 in (1.70 m), 125 lb, she batted and threw right-handed. Mabel Holle was one of the sixty original players to join the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League for its inaugural season. Basically a line-drive hitter, she had a strong throwing arm and was a sure fielder at third base, center field and right field. Born in Jacksonville, Illinois, Holle was one of four children into the family of Frederick and Kathryn Holle. She came from a baseball family, as her father was a semi-professional pitcher. She always liked to play sports with her brother and three sisters, spending most of her time outdoors. In those days girls and women could not play on their school and college teams, so she played baseball with the boys on town teams until Shirley Jameson, one of the first players who signed with the league, put her name in for the final tryout at Wrigley Field. Holle made the final cuts and was assigned to the South Bend Blue Sox, playing for them for more of the year before being relocated to the Kenosha Comets for a short period of time. At the beginning of the 1944 season, the league did not renew her contract and made her try out again with the rookies, but this time she did not make the cut. Nevertheless, she did not give up playing and signed a contract with the rival National Girls Baseball League of Chicago to play for the next two seasons. A graduated from MacMurray College in 1942, Holle started teaching physical education as a coach and athletic administrator in the Waukegan area schools for most of her 47-year professional career, retiring in 1990. Since 1988 she is part of Women in Baseball, a permanent display based at the Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown, New York, which was unveiled to honor the entire All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. In 1993 she was inducted in the MacMurray Sports Hall of Fame, where was created an annual award in her honor that goes to the female athlete who exemplifies leadership in the classroom and the playing field. Mabel Holle was a longtime resident of Lake Forest, Illinois, where she died after a long illness at the age of 91.

text:
# Mabel Holle

**Mabel B. Holle** \["Holly"\] (March 21, 1920 – December 11, 2011) was an American infielder and outfielder who played in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League during the 1943 season. Listed at 5 ft 7 in (1.70 m), 125 lb, she batted and threw right-handed.

Mabel Holle was one of the sixty original players to join the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League for its inaugural season. Basically a line-drive hitter, she had a strong throwing arm and was a sure fielder at third base, center field and right field.

Born in Jacksonville, Illinois, Holle was one of four children into the family of Frederick and Kathryn Holle. She came from a baseball family, as her father was a semi-professional pitcher. She always liked to play sports with her brother and three sisters, spending most of her time outdoors. In those days girls and women could not play on their school and college teams, so she played baseball with the boys on town teams until Shirley Jameson, one of the first players who signed with the league, put her name in for the final tryout at Wrigley Field.

Holle made the final cuts and was assigned to the South Bend Blue Sox, playing for them for more of the year before being relocated to the Kenosha Comets for a short period of time. At the beginning of the 1944 season, the league did not renew her contract and made her try out again with the rookies, but this time she did not make the cut. Nevertheless, she did not give up playing and signed a contract with the rival National Girls Baseball League of Chicago to play for the next two seasons.

A graduated from MacMurray College in 1942, Holle started teaching physical education as a coach and athletic administrator in the Waukegan area schools for most of her 47-year professional career, retiring in 1990.

Since 1988 she is part of *Women in Baseball*, a permanent display based at the Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown, New York, which was unveiled to honor the entire All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. In 1993 she was inducted in the MacMurray Sports Hall of Fame, where was created an annual award in her honor that goes to the female athlete who exemplifies leadership in the classroom and the playing field.

Mabel Holle was a longtime resident of Lake Forest, Illinois, where she died after a long illness at the age of 91.

## Career statistics

**Batting**

| GP | AB |  |  | 2B | 3B | HR | RBI | SB | BB | SO | BA | OBP |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 90 | 332 | 37 | 66 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 21 | 24 | 22 | 33 | .199 | .249 |

**Fielding**

| GP | PO |  |  | TC | DP | FA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 90 | 145 | 56 | 14 | 215 | 2 | .942 |

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Mabel Holle | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| All-American Girls Professional Baseball League | |
| **Third base / Outfield** | |
| **Born:** (1920-03-21)March 21, 1920
Jacksonville, Illinois | |
| **Died:** December 11, 2011(2011-12-11) (aged 91)
Lake Forest, Illinois | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
| * Women in Baseball – AAGPBL Permanent Display at Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum (1988) | |


title: One in Ten (organization)

abstract: One In Ten (OIT) is a non-profit, all-volunteer LGBTQ arts organization in Washington, D.C. Its largest program is Reel Affirmations, the third largest LGBT film festival in the United States and the largest all-volunteer film festival in the world.

text:
# One in Ten (organization)

**One In Ten** (OIT) is a non-profit, all-volunteer LGBTQ arts organization in Washington, D.C. Its largest program is Reel Affirmations, the third largest LGBT film festival (in terms of attendance) in the United States and the largest all-volunteer film festival in the world.

## Governance and history

One In Ten is overseen by a board of three officers and nine board members. A full-time, paid executive director oversees the day-to-day operations of the organization. All One In Ten programs, including Reel Affirmations, are conceived, organized and implemented by volunteers.

One In Ten was co-founded by Barry Becker, Mark Betchkal, Matthew Cibellis and Keith Clark, gay residents of Washington, D.C. The four began meeting in 1990, and founded One In Ten as the parent organization for Reel Affirmations. The four sought the advice and input of Frameline, then the largest LGBT gay film festival in the U.S. With financial and administrative assistance from Frameline, the first Reel Affirmations film festival opened on October 11, 1991.

## Capital Pride

In 1995, One In Ten assumed responsibility for organizing Washington, D.C.'s Gay Pride Day events after the festival's original sponsoring organization nearly went bankrupt. One In Ten moved the street festival from Francis Junior High to Freedom Plaza near the White House on Pennsylvania Avenue N.W. The organization also changed the festival's parade route. Instead of traveling south from Meridian Hill Park and then westward on P Street N.W. to finish at Francis Junior High School, the parade now began at the school, moved east along P Street N.W. to 14th Street N.W., and then south on 14th Street to Freedom Plaza.

However, the financial and organizational strain of producing the event proved too heavy for the arts group. In 1997, Whitman-Walker Clinic joined One In Ten as a co-sponsor of the festival, and the event was renamed Capital Pride. The street festival was moved off Freedom Plaza and onto Pennsylvania Avenue N.W. between 14th and 10th Streets N.W. Corporate sponsorships also rose dramatically, reflecting the festival's growing commercial nature. Corporate sponsorships reached $247,000 in 1999, up from $80,000 in 1998.

In 2000, Whitman-Walker Clinic became the sole co-sponsor of Capital Pride, although One In Ten continued to serve on the festival's community board along with other organizations.

* Allam, Hannah. "Taking to the Streets With Capital Pride." *Washington Post.* June 14, 1999.
* Bates, Steve and Nguyen, Lan. "Celebrating the Right to Celebrate." *Washington Post.* June 10, 1996.
* "Capital Pride Takes to the Streets." *Washington Post.* June 9, 2007.
* Chibbaro, Jr., Lou. "Politics Take Backseat at Pride." *Washington Blade.* June 10, 2005.
* Howe, Desson. "Gay and Lesbian Festival." *Washington Post.* October 16, 1992.
* Loose, Cindy. "Goal of Gay March Is Freedom Plaza." *Washington Post.* June 15, 1995.
* Plowman, Terry. "Rehoboth Beach Film Fest Makes A Splash at the Box Office." *Delaware Today.* October 2000.
* Tucker, Neely. "At 25, Pride Hits Its Stride." *Washington Post.* June 12, 2000.
* Wasserman, Paul and Hausrath, Don. *Washington, DC from A to Z: The Look-up Source for Everything to See and Do in the Nation's Capital.* Washington, D.C.: Capital Books, 2003. ISBN 1-931868-07-7


title: Natasha Collins

abstract: Natasha Louise Collins was an English actress and model. Following a car crash that curtailed her career, she fatally overdosed on cocaine, which Mark Speight, her fiancé, was initially suspected of supplying, but he was not charged. He later died by suicide after experiencing severe depression brought on by her death.

text:
# Natasha Collins

**Natasha Louise Collins** (7 September 1976 – 3 January 2008) was an English actress and model. Following a car crash that curtailed her career, she fatally overdosed on cocaine, which Mark Speight, her fiancé, was initially suspected of supplying, but he was not charged. He later died by suicide after experiencing severe depression brought on by her death.

## Career

Educated at St Michael's Catholic Grammar School in Finchley, north London, Collins initially worked as a model, and was still represented by Ugly Rage Models at the time of her death. Collins first appeared on television in the *Brechin Productions* children's show *See It Saw It*, in which she played See, one of two court jesters in the court of the King, played by Mark Speight.

Trying to break into more adult television, she later appeared in Hallmark/NBC's *The 10th Kingdom* and ITV1's *Real Women*. She also featured in a small number of episodes of the BBC emergency services programme *999 Lifesavers*, and one episode of the popular children's television series *Chucklevision* as the *Spanish Princess*. She also worked in film and theatre, as well as presenting corporate videos.

In 2001, Collins was cast in a main role in the Channel 4 show *Hollyoaks*, but later the same day was involved in a serious car crash. The incident left her with seizures that curtailed her career. Whilst recovering, she began dating Speight, and the couple became engaged in Barbados in 2005.

## Death

At 1:20 pm on 3 January 2008, police were called to the North West London home of Collins and her fiancé, television presenter Mark Speight, where Collins was found dead in a bath. Speight was arrested on suspicion of murder and supplying class A drugs, and was bailed to return to the police station for questioning in early February.

The subsequent postmortem examination proved to be inconclusive, requiring additional toxicology tests. The inquest, opened on 8 January 2008, heard that the death was not thought to be suspicious, but that it was "subject to further investigation".

On 2 April 2008, the coroner recorded a verdict of death by misadventure after Collins was found with scalds covering about 60% of her body and a "'very significant' amount of cocaine in her system at the time".

Speight had been arrested immediately following Collins's death, but was not charged with any offence. Speight later died by suicide; his body was found by police on the roof of MacMillan House next to London's Paddington Railway Station on 13 April 2008. Suicide notes written by Speight were found, in which he described how he felt that he could no longer live without Collins.

Collins is buried at Edmonton Cemetery in Edmonton, north London, England.

## InfoBox

| Natasha Collins | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Natasha Louise Collins
(1976-09-07)7 September 1976
Luton, Bedfordshire, England |
| Died | 3 January 2008(2008-01-03) (aged 31)
St John's Wood, London, England |
| Cause of death | Drug overdose |
| Resting place | Edmonton Cemetery, Edmonton, London, England |
| Occupation(s) | Model, actress |
| Years active | 1998–2008 |
| Partner | Mark Speight (2005–2008) |


title: Vince Henderson (politician)

abstract: Vince Henderson is a Dominican politician from the Dominica Labour Party. In the 2000 Dominican general election, he defeated Doreen Paul. From March 2010 to 2016, he was the Permanent Representative of Dominica to the United Nations and the United States. On 2 December 2021, he was sworn in as Minister for Planning, Economic Development, Climate Resilience, Sustainable Development, and Renewable Energy. On 13 December 2022, he was sworn in as Minister of Foreign Affairs.

text:
# Vince Henderson (politician)

**Vince Henderson** is a Dominican politician from the Dominica Labour Party.

In the 2000 Dominican general election, he defeated Doreen Paul. From March 2010 to 2016, he was the Permanent Representative of Dominica to the United Nations and the United States.

On 2 December 2021, he was sworn in as Minister for Planning, Economic Development, Climate Resilience, Sustainable Development, and Renewable Energy.

On 13 December 2022, he was sworn in as Minister of Foreign Affairs.


abstract: The Women's 10 km competition at the 2024 World Aquatics Championships was held on 3 February 2024.

text:
# Open water swimming at the 2024 World Aquatics Championships – Women's 10 km

The **Women's 10 km** competition at the 2024 World Aquatics Championships was held on 3 February 2024.

## Results

The race was held at 10:30.

| Rank | Swimmer | Nationality | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Sharon van Rouwendaal | Netherlands | 1:57:26.8 |
|  | María de Valdés | Spain | 1:57:26.9 |
|  | Angélica André | Portugal | 1:57:28.2 |
| 4 | Moesha Johnson | Australia | 1:57:30.8 |
| 4 | Ana Marcela Cunha | Brazil | 1:57:30.8 |
| 6 | Mariah Denigan | United States | 1:57:31.1 |
| 7 | Caroline Jouisse | France | 1:57:32.3 |
| 8 | Arianna Bridi | Italy | 1:57:33.2 |
| 9 | Lisa Pou | Monaco | 1:57:33.4 |
| 10 | Océane Cassignol | France | 1:57:34.9 |
| 11 | Airi Ebina | Japan | 1:57:35.5 |
| 12 | Bettina Fábián | Hungary | 1:57:36.5 |
| 13 | Ángela Martínez | Spain | 1:57:36.6 |
| 14 | Viviane Jungblut | Brazil | 1:57:39.3 |
| 15 | Katie Grimes | United States | 1:57:39.4 |
| 16 | Jeannette Spiwoks | Germany | 1:57:46.0 |
| 17 | Leah Crisp | Great Britain | 1:57:50.0 |
| 18 | Maddy Gough | Australia | 1:57:51.7 |
| 19 | Mafalda Rosa | Portugal | 1:57:52.9 |
| 20 | Leonie Beck | Germany | 1:58:11.8 |
| 21 | Ichika Kajimoto | Japan | 1:58:17.4 |
| 22 | Ginevra Taddeucci | Italy | 1:58:21.1 |
| 23 | Martha Sandoval | Mexico | 1:58:21.6 |
| 24 | Emma Finlin | Canada | 1:58:22.3 |
| 25 | María Bramont-Arias | Peru | 1:58:35.2 |
| 26 | Mira Szimcsák | Hungary | 1:58:37.5 |
| 27 | Amica de Jager | South Africa | 1:58:38.6 |
| 28 | Amber Keegan | Great Britain | 1:59:00.4 |
| 29 | Callan Lotter | South Africa | 2:00:07.9 |
| 30 | Paola Pérez | Venezuela | 2:00:22.5 |
| 31 | Samantha Arévalo | Ecuador | 2:00:55.8 |
| 32 | Eva Fabian | Israel | 2:02:19.8 |
| 33 | Candela Giordanino | Argentina | 2:03:09.1 |
| 34 | Eden Girloanta | Israel | 2:03:56.7 |
| 35 | Alena Benešová | Czech Republic | 2:03:58.9 |
| 36 | Georgia Makri | Greece | 2:04:05.9 |
| 37 | Xin Xin | China | 2:04:21.1 |
| 38 | Chantal Liew | Singapore | 2:04:22.8 |
| 39 | Nip Tsz Yin | Hong Kong | 2:05:10.6 |
| 40 | Mao Yihan | China | 2:06:07.6 |
| 41 | Lenka Pavlacká | Czech Republic | 2:06:12.6 |
| 42 | Lee Hae-rim | South Korea | 2:06:14.6 |
| 43 | Paulina Alanís | Mexico | 2:06:16.6 |
| 44 | Klara Bošnjak | Croatia | 2:06:25.3 |
| 45 | Tuna Erdoğan | Turkey | 2:06:42.6 |
| 46 | Ana Abad | Ecuador | 2:07:26.7 |
| 47 | Teng Yu-wen | Chinese Taipei | 2:07:28.6 |
| 48 | Špela Perše | Slovenia | 2:07:38.7 |
| 49 | Kamonchanok Kwanmuang | Thailand | 2:07:42.1 |
| 50 | Nikita Lam | Hong Kong | 2:08:05.8 |
| 51 | Laila Oravsky | Canada | 2:09:16.4 |
| 52 | Katja Fain | Slovenia | 2:11:00.3 |
| 53 | Park Jung-ju | South Korea | 2:12:15.2 |
| 54 | Britta Schwengle | Aruba | 2:13:36.9 |
| 55 | Wang Yi-chen | Chinese Taipei | 2:15:32.6 |
| 56 | Yanci Vanegas | Guatemala | 2:15:33.2 |
| 57 | Mariya Fedotova | Kazakhstan | 2:16:01.9 |
| 58 | Diana Taszhanova | Kazakhstan | 2:17:32.7 |
| 59 | Pimpun Choopong | Thailand | 2:17:34.9 |
| 60 | María Porres | Guatemala | 2:17:36.9 |
| 61 | Alondra Quiles | Puerto Rico | 2:17:38.8 |
| 62 | Ruthseli Aponte | Venezuela | 2:17:43.6 |
| 63 | Fátima Portillo | El Salvador | 2:21:11.7 |
| 64 | Ashmitha Chandra | India | 2:21:11.8 |
| 65 | Isabella Hernández | Dominican Republic | 2:21:38.7 |
| 66 | Mariela Guadamuro | Puerto Rico | 2:22:31.3 |
| 67 | Ashley Ng | Singapore | 2:26:08.4 |
|  | Mahalakshmi Porur Kalan Rajagopal Ravi | India | OTL |
| | Sezen Akanda Boz | Turkey | DNF |
| | Cecilia Biagioli | | Argentina |
| | Rafaela Santo | | Angola |

## InfoBox

| Women's 10 km <br>at the 2024 World Aquatics Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Old Doha Port |
| Location | Doha, Qatar |
| Dates | 3 February |
| Competitors | 71 from 40 nations |
| Winning time | 1:57:26.8 |
| Medalists | |
| Netherlands  Spain  Portugal | |
|


title: Mordella cata

abstract: Mordella cata is a species of beetle in the genus Mordella of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1891.

text:
# Mordella cata

***Mordella cata*** is a species of beetle in the genus *Mordella* of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1891.

## InfoBox

| *Mordella cata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Subfamily: | Mordellinae |
| Tribe: | Mordellini |
| Genus: | *Mordella* |
| Species: | ***M. cata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordella cata***<br>Champion, 1891 | |
|


title: Mordellistena venusta

abstract: Mordellistena venusta is a species of beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae. It was described by Champion in 1891.

text:
# Mordellistena venusta

***Mordellistena venusta*** is a species of beetle in the genus *Mordellistena* of the family Mordellidae. It was described by Champion in 1891.

## InfoBox

| *Mordellistena venusta* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Genus: | *Mordellistena* |
| Species: | ***M. venusta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordellistena venusta***<br>(Champion, 1891) | |
|


title: Mordellistena venezuelensis

abstract: Mordellistena venezuelensis is a species of beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae. It was described by Ray in 1930.

text:
# Mordellistena venezuelensis

***Mordellistena venezuelensis*** is a species of beetle in the genus *Mordellistena* of the family Mordellidae. It was described by Ray in 1930.

## InfoBox

| *Mordellistena venezuelensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Genus: | *Mordellistena* |
| Species: | ***M. venezuelensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordellistena venezuelensis***<br>Ray, 1930 | |
|


title: Mordellochroa yanoi

abstract: Mordellochroa yanoi is a beetle in the genus Mordellochroa of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1951 by Nomura.

text:
# Mordellochroa yanoi

***Mordellochroa yanoi*** is a beetle in the genus *Mordellochroa* of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1951 by Nomura.

## InfoBox

| *Mordellochroa yanoi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Genus: | *Mordellochroa* |
| Species: | ***M. yanoi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordellochroa yanoi***<br>(Nomura, 1951) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Mordellistena yanoi* Nomura, 1951 | |


title: Mordellistenoda notialis

abstract: Mordellistenoda notialis is a beetle in the genus Mordellistenoda of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1997 by Shiyake.

text:
# Mordellistenoda notialis

***Mordellistenoda notialis*** is a beetle in the genus *Mordellistenoda* of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1997 by Shiyake.

## InfoBox

| *Mordellistenoda notialis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Subfamily: | Mordellinae |
| Tribe: | Mordellistenini |
| Genus: | *Mordellistenoda* |
| Species: | ***M. notialis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordellistenoda notialis***<br>Shiyake, 1997 | |
|


title: Mordellistenoda fukiensis

abstract: Mordellistenoda fukiensis is a beetle in the genus Mordellistenoda of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1941 by Ermisch.

text:
# Mordellistenoda fukiensis

***Mordellistenoda fukiensis*** is a beetle in the genus *Mordellistenoda* of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1941 by Ermisch.

## InfoBox

| *Mordellistenoda fukiensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Subfamily: | Mordellinae |
| Tribe: | Mordellistenini |
| Genus: | *Mordellistenoda* |
| Species: | ***M. fukiensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordellistenoda fukiensis***<br>Ermisch, 1941 | |
|


title: Mordellistenoda memnonia

abstract: Mordellistenoda memnonia is a beetle in the genus Mordellistenoda of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1997 by Shiyake.

text:
# Mordellistenoda memnonia

***Mordellistenoda memnonia*** is a beetle in the genus *Mordellistenoda* of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1997 by Shiyake.

## InfoBox

| *Mordellistenoda memnonia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Subfamily: | Mordellinae |
| Tribe: | Mordellistenini |
| Genus: | *Mordellistenoda* |
| Species: | ***M. memnonia*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordellistenoda memnonia***<br>Shiyake, 1997 | |
|


title: William Walrond, 1st Baron Waleran

abstract: William Hood Walrond, 1st Baron Waleran,, known as Sir William Walrond, Bt, between 1889 and 1905, of Bradfield House, Uffculme, Devon, was a British Conservative Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1880 until 1906 when he was raised to the peerage. He served as Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury between 1895 and 1902 and as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster between 1902 and 1905.

text:
# William Walrond, 1st Baron Waleran

**William Hood Walrond, 1st Baron Waleran**, PC, DL, JP (26 February 1849 – 17 May 1925), known as **Sir William Walrond, Bt**, between 1889 and 1905, of Bradfield House, Uffculme, Devon, was a British Conservative Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1880 until 1906 when he was raised to the peerage. He served as Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury between 1895 and 1902 and as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster between 1902 and 1905.

## Background

Walrond was the son of Sir John Walrond, 1st Baronet of Bradfield House, Uffculme, Devon and the Hon. Frances Caroline Hood, youngest daughter of Samuel Hood, 2nd Baron Bridport. He was educated at Eton and served as a captain in the Grenadier Guards in 1872. He was Lieutenant-Colonel commanding the 1st (Exeter and South Devon) Devonshire Rifle Volunteer Corps from 9 June 1877, and a J.P. and DL for Devon.

## Cricket

Walrond was also an active cricketer. He was in the Eton first XI in 1866 and 1867 and played for numerous amateur teams for many years subsequently including Quidnuncs, I Zingari, Gentlemen of Devon and Marylebone Cricket Club. He played one game for MCC in 1868 which was classified as first-class.

## Political career

Walrond was elected as a Member of Parliament (MP) for East Devonshire in the 1880 general election and held the seat until 1885 when it was replaced under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885. In the 1885 general election he was elected MP for Tiverton which he held until 1906. Walrond served as a Junior Lord of the Treasury from 1885 to 1886 under Lord Salisbury, and from 1886 to 1892 under Salisbury and then under Arthur Balfour. He was Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury and Chief Whip under Balfour from 1895 to 1902 and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from 11 August 1902 to 1905. He was sworn of the Privy Council in 1899.

In 1889 he succeeded his father in the baronetcy and in 1905 he was raised to the peerage as **Baron Waleran**, of Uffculme in the County of Devon.

## Family

Walrond's sister, Mary Caroline Walrond, married firstly Lt.-Col. Sir George Clay, 3rd Bt., and secondly Lt.-Col. Walter Henry Holbech. Her son from her second marriage was William Holbech, who, like his uncle, played first-class cricket.

Walrond married twice, first in 1871 Elizabeth Katharine Pitman; after her death in October 1911 he married secondly in 1913 Helene Margaret Morrison, daughter of F. Morrison. There were children by the first marriage:

Lord Waleran died in May 1925, aged 76, and was succeeded in his titles by his grandson, William. Lady Waleran died in February 1956.

## InfoBox

| The Right HonourableThe Lord WaleranPC DL JP | |
| --- | --- |
| William Walrond, 1st Baron Waleran, as painted by Sir Hubert von Herkomer. | |
|  | |
| Parliamentary Secretary
to the Treasury | |
| **In office**
29 June 1895  8 August 1902 | |
| Monarchs | Victoria
Edward VII |
| Prime Minister | The Marquess of Salisbury
Arthur Balfour |
| Preceded by | T. E. Ellis |
| Succeeded by | Sir Alexander Fuller-Acland-Hood, Bt |
| Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster | |
| **In office**
11 August 1902  4 December 1905 | |
| Monarch | Edward VII |
| Prime Minister | Arthur Balfour |
| Preceded by | The Lord James of Hereford |
| Succeeded by | Henry Fowler |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1849-02-26)26 February 1849 |
| Died | 17 May 1925(1925-05-17) (aged 76) |
| Nationality | British |
| Political party | Conservative |
| Spouse(s) | (1) Elizabeth Pitman
(2) Helene Morrison |
|  | |


title: Morgan Warburton

abstract: Morgan Warburton is an American professional basketball player. She was drafted by the Sacramento Monarchs in the 2009 WNBA draft. She was waived on June 4, 2009.

text:
# Morgan Warburton

**Morgan Warburton** (born April 27, 1987) is an American professional basketball player. She was drafted by the Sacramento Monarchs in the 2009 WNBA draft. She was waived on June 4, 2009.

## Playing career

### High school

At Carbon High School, she earned all-state and all-region honors in basketball, volleyball and softball. She led her school to the state basketball championship in 2005 and paced the team in scoring for three seasons. Honors included being named Class 3A MVP in 2005.

### Utah Utes

As a Sophomore, she started all 33 games and averaged 33 minutes per game, while playing in double-digit minutes each outing. Warburton averaged a team-best 15.8 points and led the team (ninth nationally) with an .882 free throw percentage. Against UNLV, Warburton had a double-double (19 points, 10 rebounds).

Heading into her junior year, Warburton was a starter in all 32 games, averaging over 33 minutes per game. She led the team, second in the MWC with 17.2 points per game and tallied double-digit scoring numbers in all 32 games, the longest streak in the conference. She was named honorable mention All-America by the Associated Press. On January 16, she became Utah's 20th 1,000-point scorer in a game against San Diego State on January 16.

In her senior year, Warburton was the preseason Mountain West Conference Player of the Year and a returning All-American. Entering the 2008–09 season, she was Utah's 20th 1,000-point scorer and a two-time all-conference player.

### Sacramento Monarchs

She was selected in the 3rd round, 33rd overall in the 2009 WNBA draft. Her WNBA exhibition debut was on May 21 in a 64–55 loss to the Seattle Storm. She played 11 minutes, had 2 field goals, 1 three-pointer, 2 rebounds, 1 block and 6 points.

### European League

She played in Spain for Gran Canaria during the 2009–2010 season and Girona for the 2010–2011 season.

## Career stats

| **Year** | **Games** | **Minutes** | **Field Goals** | **Three Pointers** | **Rebounds** | **Assists** | **Blocks** | **Steals** | **Points** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2005–06 | 34 | 614 | 67 | 25 | 78 | 31 | 7 | 12 | 203 |
| 2006–07 | 33 | 1079 | 168 | 51 | 159 | 103 | 8 | 40 | 522 |
| 2007–08 | 32 | 1063 | 192 | 67 | 173 | 69 | 10 | 51 | 550 |
| 2008–09 | 33 | 1178 | 195 | 60 | 203 | 113 | 11 | 40 | 611 |
|

## Awards and honors

* First-team All-Mountain West Conference, 2006–07
* First-team All-Mountain West Conference, 2007–08
* Led Mountain West Conference in free throw percentage (.861), 2007–08

## Coaching career

In June 2011, Morgan joined the coaching staff at the University of Utah as Video Coordinator for the women's basketball team. In 2015, she became an assistant coach for the women's basketball team of Utah State University Eastern.

## Personal

In May 2012, Morgan married Tyler Nelson and began using the surname Warburton-Nelson professionally.

## InfoBox

Morgan Warburton
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1987-04-27) April 27, 1987<br>Price, Utah |
| Listed height | 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) |
| Listed weight | 149 lb (68 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school | Carbon (Price, Utah) |
| College | Utah (2005–2009) |
| WNBA draft | 2009: 3rd round, 33rd overall pick |
| Selected by the Sacramento Monarchs | |
| Position | Guard |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Willy Zingg

abstract: Willy Zingg was a Swiss footballer who played for FC Basel. Zingg played as midfielder. Zingg joined Basel's first team during their 1944–45 season under team manager Max Barras. After playing only in test games in his first season, Zingg played his domestic league debut for the club in the home game at the Landhof on 23 September 1945 as Basel won 2–0 against Brühl St. Gallen. Zingg played for Basel during six seasons. He played a total of 13 games for Basel without scoring a goal. Six of these games were in the Nationalliga, one in the Swiss Cup and six were friendly games.

text:
# Willy Zingg

**Willy Zingg** (who died in 1968) was a Swiss footballer who played for FC Basel. Zingg played as midfielder.

Zingg joined Basel's first team during their 1944–45 season under team manager Max Barras. After playing only in test games in his first season, Zingg played his domestic league debut for the club in the home game at the Landhof on 23 September 1945 as Basel won 2–0 against Brühl St. Gallen.

Zingg played for Basel during six seasons. He played a total of 13 games for Basel without scoring a goal. Six of these games were in the Nationalliga, one in the Swiss Cup and six were friendly games.

## Sources

*(NB: Despite all efforts, the editors of these books and the authors in "Basler Fussballarchiv" have failed to be able to identify all the players, their date and place of birth or date and place of death, who played in the games during the early years of FC Basel)*

## InfoBox

Willy Zingg
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Willy Zingg | | |
| Date of birth | unknown | | |
| Place of birth | Switzerland | | |
| Date of death | 1968 | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1944–1951 | FC Basel | 6 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Willy Zeunert

abstract: Willy Zeunert (1882–1969) was a German film editor and production manager.

text:
# Willy Zeunert

**Willy Zeunert** (1882–1969) was a German film editor and production manager.

## Selected filmography

## Bibliography

* John T. Soister. *Conrad Veidt on Screen: A Comprehensive Illustrated Filmography*. McFarland, 2002.

## InfoBox

| Willy Zeunert | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 2 August 1882
Berlin, German Empire |
| Died | 8 June 1969 (aged 86)
West Berlin, West Germany |
| Occupation(s) | Editor, Production manager |
| Years active | 1924–1948 (film) |


title: William Shaw (laboratory owner)

abstract: William Shaw is an American chemist and the founder of Mosaic Diagnostics, formerly Great Plains Laboratory, based in Lenexa, Kansas. Great Plains Laboratory is listed as "performing nonstandard laboratory tests" by Quackwatch.

text:
# William Shaw (laboratory owner)

**William Shaw** is an American chemist and the founder of **Mosaic Diagnostics**, formerly **Great Plains Laboratory**, based in Lenexa, Kansas. Great Plains Laboratory is listed as "performing nonstandard laboratory tests" by Quackwatch.

## Education

Shaw has a bachelor's degree in biochemistry from the University of Georgia (1967) and a PhD from the Medical University of South Carolina (1971), also in biochemistry.

## Career

After obtaining his PhD, Shaw spent six years working at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, where he was a supervisory research chemist and the chief of the radioimmunoassay laboratory. He then worked at Mercer University in Atlanta for a year as an assistant professor of pharmacy, before beginning a twelve-year stint at Smith Kline Beecham Clinical Laboratories, also in Atlanta. From 1991 until 1996, he worked at Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City, Missouri.

## Autism

William Shaw became focused on autism in 1993, and has claimed that acetaminophen may be a major cause of autism,. Nevertheless, as of 2017, there still was no good evidence to claim that acetaminophen caused autism. Shaw has also alleged without credible scientific evidence that yeast infections cause autism. He was accused of "exploit\[ing\] the parents' understandable and desperate search for a cause of their children's autism." Shaw has endorsed dangerous and discredited chelation treatments for autism.

## Mosaic Diagnostics, formerly Great Plains Laboratory

William Shaw's laboratory is known for performing nonstandard tests which have been used by alternative medicine practitioners to support discredited diagnoses. Harriet Hall cited Great Plains for "pseudoscientific scaremongering" over glyphosate and selling unwarranted glyphosate testing. Despite no evidence that glyphosate harms humans, Great Plains asserted that glyphosate causes over a dozen conditions, including cancer, autism, psychiatric disorders, heart disease, and neurological disorders. Great Plains has also sold discredited tests for “IgG Food Allergy with Candida” and “vaccine injury.” Additionally, Great Plains Laboratory's urine mycotoxin test is not validated nor recommended for diagnosing any condition.

In May 2020, early in the COVID-19 pandemic, Great Plains marketed unproven antibody tests.

## InfoBox

| William Shaw Ph.D. | |
| --- | --- |
| Alma mater | University of Georgia, Medical University of South Carolina |
| Spouse | Yes |
| Children | Four sons, one stepson, one stepdaughter |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Autism, clinical chemistry, toxicology, Alternative medicine |
| Thesis | *Some effects of maternal folate deficiency on the development of newborn mice* (1971) |
|  | |


title: William Vaughan (MP)

abstract: William Vaughan of Corsygedol, Merioneth was a Welsh politician.

text:
# William Vaughan (MP)

**William Vaughan** (c. 1707–12 April 1775) of Corsygedol, Merioneth was a Welsh politician.

## Biography

He was the eldest son of Richard Vaughan of Corsygedol and educated at Chester and Mortlake schools and St John's College, Cambridge (1726). He succeeded his father in 1734. Evan Lloyd Vaughan was his younger brother.

He was the Lord Lieutenant of Merionethshire 1762–1775, Custos Rotulorum of Merionethshire 1731–1775 and Member of Parliament (MP) for Merionethshire from 1734 to 1768.

He married his cousin Catherine, the daughter and coheiress of Hugh Nanney, M.P., of Nannau, Merioneth, with whom he had a daughter who predeceased him. He was succeeded by his brother Evan.

## InfoBox

| William Vaughan | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Lord Lieutenant of Merionethshire | |
| **In office**
1762–1775 | |
| Custos Rotulorum of Merionethshire | |
| **In office**
1731–1775 | |
| Member of Parliament
for Merioneth | |
| **In office**
1734–1768 | |
| Preceded by | Richard Vaughan |
| Succeeded by | John Pugh Pryse |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | c. 1707 (1707) |
| Died | 12 April 1775 (aged 6768) |
| Spouse | Catherine Nanney |
| Relations | Evan Lloyd Vaughan (brother)
Hugh Nanney (father-in-law) |
| Children | 1 |
| Parent |  |
| Alma mater | St John's College, Cambridge |
|  | |


title: Moritz v. Commissioner

abstract: Charles E. Moritz v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 469 F.2d 466 (1972), was a case before the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit in which the Court held that discrimination on the basis of sex constitutes a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the United States Constitution. Charles Moritz had claimed a tax deduction for the cost of a caregiver for his invalid mother and the Internal Revenue Service had denied the deduction. The law specifically allowed such a deduction, but only for women and formerly married men, which Moritz was not. The United States Tax Court agreed with the IRS's decision to deny the deduction, but on appeal the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals overturned that decision, holding that the tax code conflicted with the Equal Protection Clause of the U.S. Constitution and extending the caregiver deduction to never-married men.

text:
# Moritz v. Commissioner

***Charles E. Moritz v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue***, 469 F.2d 466 (1972), was a case before the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit in which the Court held that discrimination on the basis of sex constitutes a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the United States Constitution. Charles Moritz had claimed a tax deduction for the cost of a caregiver for his invalid mother and the Internal Revenue Service had denied the deduction. The law specifically allowed such a deduction, but only for women and formerly married men, which Moritz was not.

The United States Tax Court agreed with the IRS's decision to deny the deduction, but on appeal the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals overturned that decision, holding that the tax code conflicted with the Equal Protection Clause of the U.S. Constitution and extending the caregiver deduction to never-married men.

## Background

### Section 214

During the 1968 tax year, Section 214 of the Internal Revenue Code provided that certain taxpayers could claim a tax deduction for expenses relating to the care of the taxpayer's dependent:

> Sec. 214. Expenses for care of certain dependents
>
> (a) General rule.-There shall be allowed as a deduction expenses paid during the taxable year by a taxpayer who is a woman or widower, or is a husband whose wife is incapacitated or is institutionalized, for the care of one or more dependents (as defined in subsection (d) (1)), but only if such care is for the purpose of enabling the taxpayer to be gainfully employed. ...
>
> (d) Definitions.-For purposes of this section- ...
>
> (2) Widower.-The term 'widower' includes an unmarried individual who is legally separated from his spouse under a decree of divorce or of separate maintenance.

Under the terms of the statute, only "a woman or widower, or is a husband whose wife is incapacitated or is institutionalized," was eligible for the deduction.

### Facts and prior history

In 1968, Charles Moritz, a never-married man, claimed a tax deduction under Section 214 for the salary of a caregiver he hired to care for his mother. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) disallowed the deduction on the grounds that Moritz was not a woman and had never been married, making him ineligible for the caregiver deduction.

Moritz petitioned the United States Tax Court, asking the court to overrule the IRS and hold that he was entitled to the deduction. On October 22, 1970, the Tax Court denied his petition, holding that he was not covered by the statute and rejecting his argument that denial of the deduction was unconstitutional.

Moritz appealed the Tax Court's decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit. On appeal, he was represented by Ruth Bader Ginsburg and her husband, Martin D. Ginsburg, aided by Melvin Wulf of the American Civil Liberties Union. They argued that Moritz would have been allowed the deduction if he were female and that there was no rational basis for the difference in treatment between men and women in this case. Therefore, they argued, the denial of the deduction constituted discrimination based on sex and an unconstitutional denial of equal protection in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. They also argued that the appropriate remedy was to allow unmarried men the deduction rather than strike down the entire Section 214, thereby eliminating the dependent care deduction for everyone. The government's response included a computer-generated listing of hundreds of laws that included sex-based criteria which might be at risk if the Section 214 restriction were struck down.

## Opinion of the Court

In a unanimous opinion by Appeals Court Judge William Judson Holloway Jr., the court first rejected the government's claim that Moritz had not established that the care he gave was "for the purpose of enabling the taxpayer to be gainfully employed." The government had argued that Moritz would not have been able to provide the care even if he was not working. The court ruled that earlier stipulations had established that purpose and that, anyway, the care being given was not so specialized that Moritz could not provide it. It next held that the classification by sex was "an invidious discrimination and invalid under due process principles. It is not one having a fair and substantial relation to the object of the legislation dealing with the amelioration of burdens on the taxpayer," citing *Reed v. Reed*.

Finally the court agreed that "extending the coverage of the deduction provisions seems logical and proper, in view of their purpose and the broad separability clause in the act."

## Subsequent history

In 1971, Section 214 was amended to allow all "individuals" to deduct dependent care expenses regardless of sex or marital history. However, the change was not made retroactive.

Following the Tenth Circuit's decision, the Internal Revenue Service recommended "\[t\]hat a petition for writ of certiorari \[a request that the Supreme Court hear an appeal from the case\] not be filed", but the Department of Justice nonetheless petitioned the Supreme Court for certiorari. On May 21, 1973, the Supreme Court denied the petition, declining to review the Tenth Circuit's decision.

This case was the first time any provision in the Internal Revenue Code was overturned as unconstitutional.

Ruth Bader Ginsburg, who represented Moritz before the 10th Circuit, was appointed an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States in 1993.

## The case in the media

The 2018 film *On the Basis of Sex*, based on Ruth Bader Ginsburg's life and early career, focuses on Ginsburg's representation of Moritz in this case. The film portrays the attorneys giving their arguments to the Court of Appeals during this case.

## InfoBox

| Moritz v. Commissioner | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Court | United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit |
| Full case name | *Charles E. Moritz, Petitioner-appellant, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Respondent-appellee* |
| Decided | November 22, 1972 |
| Citation | 469 F.2d 466 (10th Cir. 1972) |
| Case history | |
| Prior actions | Decision for the Commissioner, 55 T.C. 113 (1970). |
| Subsequent actions | Cert. denied, 412 U.S. 906 (1973). |
| Court membership | |
| Judges sitting | Judges William Judson Holloway Jr., William Edward Doyle, Fred Daugherty |


title: William Wright (British Army officer)

abstract: Major-General William Stewart Codrington Wright is a retired senior British Army officer.

text:
# William Wright (British Army officer)

Major-General **William Stewart Codrington Wright** CBE is a retired senior British Army officer.

## Military career

Wright was commissioned into the Light Infantry on 5 August 1989. After commanding the 2nd Battalion, The Rifles, he became commander of 1st Armoured Infantry Brigade in August 2014. He went on to become Assistant Commandant of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in September 2016 and Director of Army Staff in August 2019. After that he was Military Secretary and General Officer, Scotland, from September 2021 to October 2023. He retired from the army on 27 December 2023.

He was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2009 New Year Honours, advanced to Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2013 Birthday Honours and advanced to Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2020 Birthday Honours.

## InfoBox

| William Wright | |
| --- | --- |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Service/branch | British Army |
| Years of service | 1989 – 2023 |
| Rank | Major-General |
| Unit | The Rifles |
| Awards | Commander of the Order of the British Empire |


title: William Wright (English priest)

abstract: William Wright was an English Roman Catholic scholar and Jesuit missionary priest. He was imprisoned after the Gunpowder plot.

text:
# William Wright (English priest)

**William Wright** (1563 in York, England – 18 January 1639 in London, England) was an English Roman Catholic scholar and Jesuit missionary priest. He was imprisoned after the Gunpowder plot.

## Life

He was born at York, and was educated at St Peter's School, York followed by the English College, Rome. He entered Society of Jesus in 1581, and was professed of the four vows in 1602. He taught as professor of philosophy and theology at Gratz and Vienna.

He joined the English mission in 1606, when he became chaplain to the Gages at Hengrave Hall, Suffolk. He was soon arrested and imprisoned in the Tower of London (July 1607), and later in the White Lion Prison. He opposed the oath of allegiance and supremacy required by James I's government. Supported by his brother Thomas, an ex-Jesuit, Wright disputed publicly against the oath, and the Gages, whom he had instructed, refused to take it.

When the bubonic plague ravaged London and his prison, he nursed the sick; buried the dead, and in the confusion escaped to Leicestershire, where he organized a series of missions, originally called the Residence of St. Anne. From 1612 onwards he took to writing, and a dozen volumes are ascribed to him: three of controversy, the rest translations of the works of Martin Becan, Lessius and others.

* "Wright, William (1563-1639)". *Dictionary of National Biography*. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.


title: Morning Express (1995 TV series)

abstract: Morning Express is a 20-episode Singaporean television drama series produced by Television Corporation of Singapore in 1995. It revolves around a dedicated secondary school teacher, who, after some bad brushes with the law in the past, seeks to inspire his students.

text:
# Morning Express (1995 TV series)

**Morning Express** (Simplified Chinese: 阳光列车) is a 20-episode Singaporean television drama series produced by Television Corporation of Singapore in 1995. It revolves around a dedicated secondary school teacher, who, after some bad brushes with the law in the past, seeks to inspire his students.

## Cast

## Awards and nominations

| Organisation | Award | Nominee | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Star Awards | Best Actor | Chen Hanwei | Nominated |

## InfoBox

| *Morning Express* | |
| --- | --- |
| Title card | |
| 阳光列车 | |
| Genre | Modern Inspirational Drama |
| Starring | Huang Shi Nan
Richard Low
Huang Biren
Ann Kok
Mai Hao Wei
Angela Ang
Fann Wong
Chen Hanwei
Zhang Xinxiang |
| Country of origin | Singapore |
| Original language | Chinese |
| No. of episodes | 20 |
| Production | |
| Running time | approx. 45 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | Channel 8 |
| Release | 1995 (1995) |


title: Willis Cole

abstract: Willis Russell Cole was an American outfielder in Major League Baseball. He played for the Chicago White Sox.

text:
# Willis Cole

**Willis Russell Cole** (January 6, 1882 – October 11, 1965) was an American outfielder in Major League Baseball. He played for the Chicago White Sox.

## InfoBox

| Willis Cole | |
| --- | --- |
| **Outfielder** | |
| **Born:** (1882-01-06)January 6, 1882
Milton, Wisconsin, U.S. | |
| **Died:** October 11, 1965(1965-10-11) (aged 83)
Madison, Wisconsin, U.S. | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| August 22, 1909, for the Chicago White Sox | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| June 13, 1910, for the Chicago White Sox | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Batting average | .216 |
| Home runs | 0 |
| Runs batted in | 18 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Motor Mart Building

abstract: The Motor Mart Building, also known as the Commerce Building, is a historic building located in Sioux City, Iowa, United States. It was built by Ralph A. Bennett, who was the owner of Bennett Auto Supply Company. The structure was designed in the style of the Chicago school by E.J. Henriques of the C.F. Lytle Company of Sioux City, who also built the structure. It was initially designed to be two stories tall, but the plans were changed and two more floors were added. It was designed to display, repair and provide parking for automobiles. It was also the first building in Sioux City to incorporate the flat slab system of framing of Claude A.P. Turner, and it was one of the first reinforced, poured concrete buildings in the city. The exterior of the concrete frame structure is clad with glazed brick over common brick infill. The building features terra cotta decorative elements. A.L. Galinsky bought the building in 1919 and converted it into an office building. Its name was changed to the Commerce Building at that time. The Roof Garden was added above the fourth floor from 1921 to 1923. It is a gabled structure covered with stucco. Large Palladian windows line the side walls. The structure housed a ballroom that hosted a variety of social events, and where many big bands played. Lawrence Welk played an early concert here. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

text:
# Motor Mart Building

The **Motor Mart Building**, also known as the **Commerce Building**, is a historic building located in Sioux City, Iowa, United States. It was built by Ralph A. Bennett, who was the owner of Bennett Auto Supply Company. The structure was designed in the style of the Chicago school by E.J. Henriques of the C.F. Lytle Company of Sioux City, who also built the structure. It was initially designed to be two stories tall, but the plans were changed and two more floors were added. It was designed to display, repair and provide parking for automobiles. It was also the first building in Sioux City to incorporate the flat slab system of framing of Claude A.P. Turner, and it was one of the first reinforced, poured concrete buildings in the city. The exterior of the concrete frame structure is clad with glazed brick over common brick infill. The building features terra cotta decorative elements.

A.L. Galinsky bought the building in 1919 and converted it into an office building. Its name was changed to the Commerce Building at that time. The Roof Garden was added above the fourth floor from 1921 to 1923. It is a gabled structure covered with stucco. Large Palladian windows line the side walls. The structure housed a ballroom that hosted a variety of social events, and where many big bands played. Lawrence Welk played an early concert here. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Motor Mart Building | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 520 Nebraska St.<br>Sioux City, Iowa |
| Coordinates | 42°29′45.8″N 96°24′11.6″W / 42.496056°N 96.403222°W / 42.496056; -96.403222 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1912 |
| Built by | C.F. Lytle Co. |
| Architect | E.J. Henriques |
| Architectural style | Early Commercial |
| NRHP reference No. | 93000330 |
| Added to NRHP | April 22, 1993 |


title: William Watts (Virginian)

abstract: William Watts was a nineteenth-century American lawyer, soldier and politician from Virginia. As a politician, Watts served in the Virginia House of Delegates and was elected to the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1850.

text:
# William Watts (Virginian)

**William Watts** (December 20, 1817 – May 1, 1877) was a nineteenth-century American lawyer, soldier and politician from Virginia. As a politician, Watts served in the Virginia House of Delegates and was elected to the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1850.

## Early life

Watts was born in Campbell County, Virginia in 1817. He was educated at University of Virginia where he attained an M.D. in 1840, and a Bachelor of Laws in 1841-42.

## Career

As an adult, Watts began a law practice Roanoke County in 1842.

Watts was the president of the Branch Bank of Virginia from 1850-61.

In 1850, Watts was elected to the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1850. He was one of three delegates elected from the Valley delegate district made up of his home district of Roanoke County as well as Botetourt, Alleghany and Bath Counties.

During the American Civil War, Watts served in the Confederate States Army. Initially being commissioned as Major in the 19th Virginia Infantry; in 1862 he transferred to the 28th Virginia Infantry and later became Lieutenant Colonel and Colonel.

For many years, Watts served as a director of the Atlantic, Mississippi and Ohio Railroad formed by William Mahone.

Watts served in the Virginia House of Delegates 1875-77.

## Death

William Watts died in Roanoke County on May 1, 1877.

## Bibliography

* Pulliam, David Loyd (1901). *The Constitutional Conventions of Virginia from the foundation of the Commonwealth to the present time*. John T. West, Richmond. ISBN 978-1-2879-2059-5.

## InfoBox

| William Watts | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Virginia House of Delegates from Roanoke County | |
| **In office**
December 1, 1875  May 1, 1877 | |
| Preceded by | Charles M. Webber |
| Succeeded by | Henry S. Trout |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1817-12-20)December 20, 1817
Campbell County, Virginia |
| Died | May 1, 1877(1877-05-01) (aged 59)
Roanoke County, Virginia |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Mary Jane Allen |
| Alma mater | University of Virginia |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Confederate States |
| Branch/service | Confederate States Army |
| Years of service | 1861–1865 |
| Rank | Colonel |
| Unit | 19th Virginia Infantry
28th Virginia Infantry |
| Battles/wars | American Civil War |
|  | |


title: Morris Siegel

abstract: Morris Siegel was an American sportswriter who covered sports in Washington, D.C., from the 1940s to 1990s.

text:
# Morris Siegel

**Morris Siegel** (October 13, 1915 – June 2, 1994) was an American sportswriter who covered sports in Washington, D.C., from the 1940s to 1990s.

## Early life

Siegel was born on October 13, 1915, in Atlanta. He attended Emory University, but left in 1938 after about three years of study. He got his start in the newspaper business as a copy boy and began his career as a writer with *The Atlanta Constitution*. He later moved to the *Richmond Times-Dispatch*. During World War II he served in the United States Navy.

## Career in D.C.

In September 1946, Siegel joined *The Washington Post*. He also worked for three of the city’s television stations as sports anchor and in radio. He did color broadcasting for the Washington Redskins in the 1950s and 1960s and was the announcer for Capitol Wrestling Corporation's (forerunner to the WWE) *Heavyweight Wrestling From Washington* from 1956 to 1958.

Siegel left *The Post* for *The Washington Daily News*. After the paper folded, Siegel worked for *The Washington Star* until that paper folded in 1981. He then worked as a TV and radio commentator and was consultant for the D.C. Baseball Commission, which sought to have Major League Baseball return to the city. In 1983 he began writing for *Regardie's*. From October 1986 until his death June 2, 1994, Siegel wrote for *The Washington Times*.

## Personal life

From 1964 to 1985, Siegel was married to writer Myra MacPherson. They had two children, Michael Siegel, a political communications director, and Leah Siegel, who was a Dallas bureau producer for ESPN. On November 11, 1985, Siegel suffered a heart attack. In 1989 he was diagnosed with colon cancer. His health began to decline by 1992, but he continued to work, frequently receiving chemotherapy treatments at out-of-town hospitals while on assignment. On April 22, 1994, he covered the Michael Moorer-Evander Holyfield fight in Las Vegas. On May 18, 1994, his final column appeared in *The Washington Times*. Siegel died on June 2, 1994, of cancer at George Washington University Hospital.

## Legacy

Siegal was inducted into the Washington Hall of Stars at RFK Stadium. was a finalist for the J. G. Taylor Spink Award in the 2007 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting. He finished second in the balloting to Rick Hummel, 223 votes to 112 (Nick Peters received the remaining 66 votes).


title: Morris Singer

abstract: Morris Singer is a British art foundry, recognised as the oldest fine art foundry in the world. Its predecessor, Singer was established in 1848 in Frome, Somerset, by John Webb Singer, as the Frome Art Metal Works. The Singer Art Foundry was famous for its metal bronzes, including the monumental "Boadicea and her Daughters" at Westminster Bridge, "Justice" on the top of the Central Criminal Court, the Old Bailey and John Knox in Edinburgh. During the first half of the 20th century, following the amalgamation of the Morris Art Bronze company with J W Singer & Sons in 1927, the foundry was situated in Lambeth, London. Many famous sculptures were cast there, including that of Reynolds by Alfred Drury in the Royal Academy courtyard in London (1930), Jacob Epstein's "St Michael's Victory over the Devil" for Coventry Cathedral and the Single Form sculpture outside the UN in 1964 by Barbara Hepworth. Thornycroft's last work was the 1925 recumbent statue of the Bishop of Coventry which was almost the only major artefact that survived the bombing of Coventry Cathedral in 1940. Morris Singer skilfully repaired the damaged casting in the 1950s. In 1967, the company moved premises to a more spacious site in Basingstoke. Oscar Nemon's seated statue of Sigmund Freud in Hampstead was cast there and installed in 1971. In 1984, it was owned by listed company William Morris Fine Arts. Since 2001, the company has been based in Lasham, Hampshire. To this day, the foundry has expertise in a range of services, including bronze casting, lost wax casting, moulding, patination and many more. Nic Fiddian-Green's Still Water was installed near Marble Arch in 2011. A more recent casting was for the Tedworth House Recovery Centre, opened on 20 May 2013 by Princes William and Henry - the Help for Heroes statue.

text:
# Morris Singer

**Morris Singer** is a British art foundry, recognised as the oldest fine art foundry in the world. Its predecessor, Singer was established in 1848 in Frome, Somerset, by John Webb Singer, as the Frome Art Metal Works.

The Singer Art Foundry was famous for its metal bronzes, including the monumental "Boadicea and her Daughters" at Westminster Bridge, "Justice" on the top of the Central Criminal Court, the Old Bailey and John Knox in Edinburgh.

During the first half of the 20th century, following the amalgamation of the Morris Art Bronze company (set up in 1921) with J W Singer & Sons in 1927, the foundry was situated in Lambeth, London. Many famous sculptures were cast there, including that of Reynolds by Alfred Drury in the Royal Academy courtyard in London (1930), Jacob Epstein's "St Michael's Victory over the Devil" for Coventry Cathedral and the Single Form sculpture outside the UN in 1964 by Barbara Hepworth.

Thornycroft's last work was the 1925 recumbent statue of the Bishop of Coventry which was almost the only major artefact that survived the bombing of Coventry Cathedral in 1940. Morris Singer skilfully repaired the damaged casting in the 1950s.

In 1967, the company moved premises to a more spacious site in Basingstoke. Oscar Nemon's seated statue of Sigmund Freud in Hampstead was cast there and installed in 1971. In 1984, it was owned by listed company William Morris Fine Arts.

Since 2001, the company has been based in Lasham, Hampshire. To this day, the foundry has expertise in a range of services, including bronze casting, lost wax casting, moulding, patination and many more. Nic Fiddian-Green's Still Water was installed near Marble Arch in 2011. A more recent casting was for the Tedworth House Recovery Centre, opened on 20 May 2013 by Princes William and Henry \- the Help for Heroes statue.


title: Motivation (Moti Special album)

abstract: Motivation is the first studio album of Moti Special, released in 1985 by Teldec label. The band members were: Danish guitarist Nils Tuxen, Romanian keyboardist Michael Cretu, bassist and vocalist Manfred "Thissy" Thiers, and drummer Reinhard "Dickie" Tarrach. The album reached # 20 in the Germany charts.

text:
# Motivation (Moti Special album)

***Motivation*** is the first studio album of Moti Special, released in 1985 by Teldec label. The band members were: Danish guitarist Nils Tuxen, Romanian keyboardist Michael Cretu, bassist and vocalist Manfred "Thissy" Thiers, and drummer Reinhard "Dickie" Tarrach. The album reached # 20 in the Germany charts.

## Track listing

Side one
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Don't Be So Shy" |  | 3:29 |
| 2. | "Spirit of Ecstasy" | * Thiers * Palmer-James | 4:25 |
| 3. | "How to Treat Tough Girls" | * Thiers * Palmer-James | 3:33 |
| 4. | "Cold Days, Hot Nights" | * Thiers * Palmer-James | 3:42 |
| 5. | "Visions of You" |  | 3:23 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Motivation" | * Thiers * Cretu * Palmer-James | 4:52 |
| 2. | "She's a Heartbreaker" | Thiers | 4:20 |
| 3. | "Every Minute" | Thiers | 3:20 |
| 4. | "Stop! Girls Go Crazy" | * Thiers * Tuxen | 5:14 |

## Personnel

## Charts

| Chart (1985) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 20 |
|

## InfoBox

| Motivation | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Moti Special | |
| Released | August 1985 |
| Studio | Data Alpha, Rainbow and Weryton, Munich |
| Genre | Synth-pop |
| Label | Teldec |
| Producer |  |
| Moti Special chronology | |
| ***Motivation***
(1985) *Dancing for Victory*
(1990) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Motivation* | |
| 1. "Cold Days, Hot Nights"
Released: March 1984 2. "Don't Be So Shy"
Released: June 1985 3. "Stop! Girls Go Crazy"
Released: November 1985 | |
|  | |