title: Reform and the Reformers

abstract:
Reform and the Reformers is an essay written by Henry David Thoreau. The essay was never published in his lifetime, and has been cobbled together from existing lecture notes that Thoreau himself picked over for his other writings, such as Walden and A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers. The essay reflects Thoreau's frustration with the multitude of reformers – prohibitionists, utopian communists, free love advocates, religious revivalists, and the like – who were roaming about New England at the time hawking their prescriptions for a better world. Thoreau's audience in Boston were of the open-minded liberal variety – people who were typically the most interested in and the most vulnerable to the charms of these reformers – and so Thoreau begins his lecture slyly with a fairly superficial but probably sympathetic attack on the Reformer's great enemy: the Conservative. Further disarming his audience with a witticism or two, he then turns on them by spending the rest of the lecture attacking the major genre of lecturers that they more typically come to hear: the Reformer. His major complaint is much the same as the one he expressed when reviewing John Etzler's technological utopianism – that the utopianists, and Reformers in general, are too concerned with exerting control over and reshaping The World, or Society, or The Government, or The Family, and not concerned enough about better using the control they already exercise over themselves: The Reformer who comes recommending any institution or system to the adoption of men, must not rely solely on logic and argument, or on eloquence and oratory for his success, but see that he represents one pretty perfect institution in himself, the center and circumference of all others, an erect man. I ask of all Reformers, of all who are recommending Temperance, Justice, Charity, Peace, the Family, Community or Associative life, not to give us their theory and wisdom only, for these are no proof, but to carry around with them each a small specimen of his own manufactures, and to despair of ever recommending anything of which a small sample at least cannot be exhibited: – that the Temperance man let me know the savor of Temperance, if it be good, the Just man permit to enjoy the blessings of liberty while with him, the Community man allow me to taste the sweets of the Community life in his society. He suspects that these Reformers are acting from some subconscious motive that is overtly philanthropic, but covertly a scheme for avoiding the real necessity for self-reform. He reminds the Reformers that they speak with their deeds more than with their words – that if "the lecturer against the use of money is paid for his lecture, … that is the precept which [men] hear and believe, and they have a great deal of sympathy with him" – and noting that it's easy to lecture about "non-resistance" but the proof of the pudding is when "one Mr. Resistance" steps forward to take part in the debate. He notes:
For the most part by simply agreeing in opinion with the preacher and Reformer I defend myself and get rid of him, for he really asks for no sympathy with deeds – and this trick it would be well for the irritable Conservative to know and practice. So he recommends that Reformers, and those interested in Reform, instead work on themselves. He anticipates the objection that would invert his argument by saying that he is recommending a narcissistic evasion of responsibility for grappling with social problems. The problems of the social order, of the political order, of the family, and so on, Thoreau insists, are rooted in individuals – the corrupt institutions are only the symptom: The disease and disorder in society are wont to be referred to the false relations in which men live one to another, but strictly speaking there can be no such thing as a false relation if the condition of the things related is true. False relations grow out of false conditions.

text:
# Reform and the Reformers

***Reform and the Reformers*** is an essay written by Henry David Thoreau. The essay was never published in his lifetime, and has been cobbled together from existing lecture notes that Thoreau himself picked over for his other writings, such as *Walden* and *A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers*.

The essay reflects Thoreau's frustration with the multitude of reformers  prohibitionists, utopian communists, free love advocates, religious revivalists, and the like  who were roaming about New England at the time hawking their prescriptions for a better world.

Thoreau's audience in Boston were of the open-minded liberal variety  people who were typically the most interested in and the most vulnerable to the charms of these reformers  and so Thoreau begins his lecture slyly with a fairly superficial but probably sympathetic attack on the Reformer's great enemy: the Conservative. Further disarming his audience with a witticism or two, he then turns on them by spending the rest of the lecture attacking the major genre of lecturers that they more typically come to hear: the Reformer.

His major complaint is much the same as the one he expressed when reviewing John Etzler's technological utopianism (see *Paradise (to be) Regained*)  that the utopianists, and Reformers in general, are too concerned with exerting control over and reshaping The World, or Society, or The Government, or The Family, and not concerned enough about better using the control they already exercise over themselves:

> The Reformer who comes recommending any institution or system to the adoption of men, must not rely solely on logic and argument, or on eloquence and oratory for his success, but see that he represents one pretty perfect institution in himself, the center and circumference of all others, an erect man. I ask of all Reformers, of all who are recommending Temperance, Justice, Charity, Peace, the Family, Community or Associative life, not to give us their theory and wisdom only, for these are no proof, but to carry around with them each a small specimen of his own manufactures, and to despair of ever recommending anything of which a small sample at least cannot be exhibited:  that the Temperance man let me know the savor of Temperance, if it be good, the Just man permit to enjoy the blessings of liberty while with him, the Community man allow me to taste the sweets of the Community life in his society.

He suspects that these Reformers are acting from some subconscious motive (or, using less psychoanalytic terms: "some obscure, and perhaps unrecognized private grievance") that is overtly philanthropic, but covertly a scheme for avoiding the real necessity for self-reform.

He reminds the Reformers that they speak with their deeds more than with their words  that if "the lecturer against the use of money is paid for his lecture, … that is the precept which \[men\] hear and believe, and they have a great deal of sympathy with him"  and noting that it's easy to lecture about "non-resistance" but the proof of the pudding is when "one Mr. Resistance" steps forward to take part in the debate.

He notes:

> For the most part by simply agreeing in opinion with the preacher and Reformer I defend myself and get rid of him, for he really asks for no sympathy with deeds  and this trick it would be well for the irritable Conservative to know and practice.

So he recommends that Reformers, and those interested in Reform, instead work on themselves. He anticipates the objection that would invert his argument by saying that he is recommending a narcissistic evasion of responsibility for grappling with social problems. The problems of the social order, of the political order, of the family, and so on, Thoreau insists, are rooted in individuals  the corrupt institutions are only the symptom:

> The disease and disorder in society are wont to be referred to the false relations in which men live one to another, but strictly speaking there can be no such thing as a false relation if the condition of the things related is true. False relations grow out of false conditions.

## On-line sources

## Printed sources

* *The Writings of Henry David Thoreau: Reform Papers*, Princeton University Press, 1973 (ISBN 0-691-06241-2)
* *The Higher Law: Thoreau on Civil Disobedience and Reform*, Princeton University Press, 2004 (ISBN 978-0691118765)
* *My Thoughts are Murder to the State*, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2007 (ISBN 978-1434804266)


title: Jaynee LaVecchia

abstract: Jaynee LaVecchia is a former associate justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey. She was nominated by Governor Christine Todd Whitman to serve on the court on January 6, 2000 and was confirmed by the New Jersey Senate on January 10, 2000. In 2007, she was reappointed with tenure by Governor Jon Corzine. Although she could have served until reaching the mandatory retirement age in 2024, LaVecchia retired from the Court effective December 31, 2021.

text:
# Jaynee LaVecchia

**Jaynee LaVecchia** (born October 9, 1954) is a former associate justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey. She was nominated by Governor Christine Todd Whitman to serve on the court on January 6, 2000 and was confirmed by the New Jersey Senate on January 10, 2000. In 2007, she was reappointed with tenure by Governor Jon Corzine. Although she could have served until reaching the mandatory retirement age in 2024, LaVecchia retired from the Court effective December 31, 2021.

## Biography

Jaynee LaVecchia was born in Paterson, New Jersey on October 9, 1954. She is a 1976 graduate of Douglass College and graduated in 1979 from Rutgers School of Law – Newark. She has been a member of the New Jersey State Bar Association since 1980. She was in private practice and worked as Director of the Division of Law within the Department of Law and Public Safety since August 1, 1984. As director, she was responsible for the legal work of all lawyers assigned to the civil side of the New Jersey Attorney ’s Office.

LaVecchia served in the Office of Counsel to Republican governor Thomas Kean from 1986 to 1989, first as an Assistant Counsel and then as Deputy Chief Counsel. She was Director and Chief Administrative Law Judge for the Office of Administrative Law from 1989 through July 1994. In 1996, she was elected a Fellow of the American Bar Association. On August 24, 1998, LaVecchia became commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance.

LaVecchia was nominated by Governor Christine Todd Whitman to serve on the Supreme Court on December 24, 1999. She was confirmed by the Senate on January 10, 2000 and sworn in for a term to begin February 1, 2000. She replaced Marie L. Garibaldi. Governor Jon Corzine reappointed her to the New Jersey Supreme Court in 2006. She has chaired or served on various Supreme Court Committees, subcommittees, and other Court-assigned projects. She has been granted tenure until October 9, 2024.

In August 2020, LaVecchia wrote for the dissenters when a narrow majority found that the constitutional right against self-incrimination did not prevent a police officer from being compelled to provide the passcodes to iPhones he was accused of using to provide tip-offs to a drug trafficker.

## Decisions

### 2008–09 Term

### 2007–08 Term

### 2006–07 Term

### 2005–06 Term

### 2004–05 Term

### 2003–04 Term

### 2002–03 Term

### 2001–02 Term

### 2000–01 Term

### 1999–2000 Term

## InfoBox

| Jaynee LaVecchia | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Associate Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court | |
| **In office**
February 1, 2000  December 31, 2021 | |
| Appointed by | Christine Todd Whitman |
| Preceded by | Marie L. Garibaldi |
| Succeeded by | Rachel Wainer Apter |
| Commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance | |
| **In office**
August 24, 1998  January 18, 2000 | |
| Appointed by | Christine Todd Whitman |
| Preceded by | Elizabeth Randall |
| Succeeded by | Karen L. Suter |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1954-10-09) October 9, 1954
Paterson, New Jersey |
| Political party | Independent |
| Spouse | Michael R. Cole (d. 2011) |
| Alma mater | Rutgers University (BA, JD) |
|  | |


title: The Real World: Hollywood

abstract: The Real World: Hollywood is the twentieth season of MTV's reality television series The Real World, about a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season, as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the fifth season of The Real World to be filmed in the Pacific States region, after The Real World: San Diego. The series follows nine cast members over the course of the season, with one cast member evicted and replaced, and another replaced after he voluntarily left the show. It is the only season set in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles and the first one to revisit a host city, as the show's second season was set in L.A. in 1993. This season also makes California the most common state for a setting. Production ran from August to December 2007. The season premiered on April 16, 2008 and consisted of 13 episodes.

text:
# The Real World: Hollywood

***The Real World: Hollywood*** is the twentieth season of MTV's reality television series *The Real World*, about a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season, as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the fifth season of *The Real World* to be filmed in the Pacific States region, after *The Real World: San Diego*.

The series follows nine cast members over the course of the season, with one cast member evicted and replaced, and another replaced after he voluntarily left the show. It is the only season set in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles and the first one to revisit a host city, as the show's second season was set in L.A. in 1993. This season also makes California the most common state for a setting. Production ran from August to December 2007. The season premiered on April 16, 2008 and consisted of 13 episodes.

## Season changes

The previous nineteen seasons were aired as half-hour episodes. This season is the first to be aired as 13 one-hour episodes, a move that is credited as helping MTV rank as the #1 network in the Wednesday 10pm - 11pm time slot among people age 12-34. MTV continued with this format with the following seasons. MTV has also supplemented the airings with The Real World Dailies, an online series of unaired production footage launched in mid-April 2008 that, as of May 13, 2008, amassed 3 million hits by nearly 400,000 unique visitors.

A *Real World: Hollywood* marathon hosted by Coral Smith of *The Real World: Back to New York* was aired July 4, 2008. It featured commentary by Smith and other alumni of *The Real World* and *Road Rules*, referred to as "CoralVision".

MTV also aired *The Sunny Side of Truth* encore special, which features pop-up comments from characters from the Sunny Side of Truth, an anti-tobacco organization. Because a recurring theme of this season involves cast members talking about their struggles with drug and alcohol addiction, the comments often have a drug-abstinence message.

## Assignment

Almost every season of *The Real World*, beginning with its fifth season, has included the assignment of a season-long group job or task to the housemates, continued participation in which has been mandatory to remain part of the cast since the Back to New York season. The Hollywood cast was assigned to take improv comedy classes at iO WEST, a comedy club in Hollywood. The cast names their group WTF, which ostensibly stands for Whiskey Tango Foxtrot, but subtextually stands for "What the Fuck", which cast member Dave Malinosky explains in Episode 8 is the reaction the cast predicted they would invoke in their audience.

## The residence

The cast residence, Stage 20, was located at Columbia Square, in a seven-story, 105,000-square-foot (9,800 m2) building at 6121 West Sunset Boulevard at the intersection of North Gower Street in Gower Gulch, Los Angeles that formerly served as a CBS broadcast facility where programs such as *I Love Lucy* were filmed (Map). The building is part of a 125,000-foot (38,000 m) complex that takes up an entire city block, which previously housed eight studios and CBS's local television and radio operations, including KCBS-TV/KCAL-TV, KNX Radio and KCBS-FM. The complex also included a 1,050 seat auditorium, a restaurant, and a bank. The northeast corner of the complex was used for filming. It is 23.3 miles (37.5 km) from the Venice beach house where *The Real World: Los Angeles* was filmed. The property was purchased in August 2006 for $66 million USD by Molasky Pacific, LLC, who intend to redevelop it to attract other residential and office tenants.

According to MTV, this season of *The Real World* was the first to incorporate environmentally friendly household and lifestyle choices, including a solar-heated swimming pool that uses salt to reduce the need for chemical treatment, Energy Star appliances, bamboo flooring, recycled glass counters, some sustainable furniture, energy efficient lighting, a computer powered by an exercise bicycle, paperless toilets, a smart stove, an air conditioner system that provides water for an outdoor vegetable garden, a computer that tracks the amount of carbon saved by the housemates, and a hybrid car.

## Cast

MTV revealed the cast on *The Real World Awards Bash*, which aired April 2, 2008. This is the first (and only) season in which a cast member was chosen by the fans via a multistage online poll from a pool of 20,000 applicants. The seventh cast member as voted by the fans was 20-year-old model Greg Halstead.

The majority of the cast members are entertainment industry types that could best take advantage of the Hollywood setting to forward their career goals. On December 5, 2007 the cast was filmed performing at iO WEST, which served as the season's workplace, orchestrating a sketch as the comedy troupe Whiskey Tango Foxtrot.

| Cast member | Age | Hometown |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Brianna Taylor | 20 | Mount Airy, Pennsylvania |
| Brianna is an exotic dancer and aspiring singer who once auditioned for *American Idol* and reached the top 44 on Season 5. According to mtv.com, she is outspoken in her views, and does not tolerate disrespect, but has a sensitive side. She had a volatile relationship with her now-ex-boyfriend, Bobby, prior to moving to Hollywood. According to Brianna, Bobby cheated on her repeatedly, and at one point caused a physical altercation that resulted in a warrant for her arrest that she had to return home to resolve. She reveals in Episode 2 that she used to use crystal meth and cocaine as recently as two months prior. She initially develops a mutual attraction with Joey, but is disturbed by how he behaves when drunk. She returns to Philadelphia in Episodes 4 and 8 to resolve her legal troubles, and ponders her lingering feelings for Bobby. | | |
| Dave Malinosky | 22 | Waynesboro, Pennsylvania |
| According to mtv.com, Dave is a humorous, outgoing man who loves to use shock humor, and a naturally gifted athlete who enjoys all sports from football to cheerleading. As he is very comfortable in front of a camera, he hopes to become an actor or TV host. He and Kimberly become attracted to one another, and it is indicated in Episode 5 that their relationship was consummated sexually. | | |
| Greg Halstead | 20 | Daytona Beach, Florida |
| Greg is the first cast member to be selected by a viewer poll. He refers to people around him as "peasants", and to women as "associates", is extremely competitive in sports, and a prankster around the house. He studied criminal justice at the University of Florida, but is a model. His Internet screen name in the viewer poll was "PretyBoy", and says that viewers picked him because he is very attractive. The rest of the cast is offended by what they see as standoffish on his part when they first meet him, a personality trait of his that causes recurring problems, as in Episode 3. He shows little interest in performing improv with the others, and after missing a number of performances, he is fired from the job in Episode 8, and is required to move out and leave the show. | | |
| Joey Kovar | 24 | Evergreen Park, Illinois |
| A personal trainer and former bodybuilder who constantly works out, Joey has never ventured outside of Illinois. He is an aspiring actor. Though focused today, he has survived a past that has included addiction. In his audition tape, he explains his health regimen by saying he eats only things such as water, tuna, eggs, protein drinks, fruits and vegetables and oatmeal. He says he comes from a home where he was frequently beaten, remarking, "I ain't no pretty little white boy." He and Brianna develop a mutual attraction in the first two episodes, but it is complicated by his attempts to overcome his alcoholism. He enters a 30-day treatment program in Episode 4, and returns to the house in Episode 8. Fearing a relapse, he moves out in Episode 9. He returns to see the cast's final performance at the iO in the final episode, and as of *The Real World: Hollywood Reunion*, he revealed that he had been sober for ten months, and had returned to acting, having filmed a movie called *10,000 Doors*. | | |
| Kimberly Alexander | 24 | Columbia, South Carolina |
| Kimberly is a Southern woman, raised in a devoutly religious household, who is sometimes perceived as "ditsy". According to mtv.com, she doesn't always think before speaking, and at times, her roommates often find her statements offensive. She hopes to become host of an entertainment show. She and David become attracted to one another, and it is indicated in Episode 5 that their relationship was consummated sexually. | | |
| Sarah Ralston | 21 | Phoenix, Arizona |
| A recent Arizona State University graduate, Sarah is a feminist and aspiring broadcast journalist with some strong conservative, traditional views. She is close to her family, and this is the first time she has lived so far from them. The move to Hollywood also put a strain on her relationship with her boyfriend, who used to be her debate coach. At *The Real World: Hollywood Reunion*, she revealed that she was engaged. | | |
| William Gilbert | 24 | Detroit, Michigan |
| MTV.com describes Will, a DJ and aspiring music producer who does work at weddings, parties and bar mitzvahs, as cute, charismatic, witty, and the ladies' man of the house. He dates Janelle Casanave from *The Real World: Key West*, whom he meets in Episode 8, but his attraction to his housemate Brittini, who moves in in Episode 10, causes conflict for all three of them. | | |
| Brittini Sherrod | 22 | Tempe, Arizona |
| Brittini is one of the two roommates who move into the house in Episode 10, following the departure of Greg and Joey. She is a model. MTV.com describes her as a confrontational young woman of mixed race who grew up an only child conflicted about her racial identity, but who recently began wearing her hair more naturally. She is trying to mend fences with her estranged African-American father. She is described as a "flirt", but has a long-distance boyfriend named Jeremy. She forms an immediate attraction with Will, who returns the flirtation, but his feelings about this in light of his girlfriend Janelle cause conflict between him and Brittini. | | |
| Nick Brown | 23 | New Rochelle, New York |
| Nick is one of the two roommates who move into the house in Episode 10, following the departure of Greg and Joey. Nick is a Jamaican-born man from New York, and a recent college graduate; he is an aspiring model and television host. He is very close with his family, though he has some unresolved issues with his father. MTV.com describes him as a "ladies man", but he doesn't consider himself a player, as he respects each one of them. He comes into conflict with Sarah in Episode 11, and grieves over the loss of a loved one in the same episode. | | |
|

**^Note 1** : Age at time of filming.

### Duration of cast

| Cast Member | Hollywood Episodes | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
| Brianna | Featured | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Dave | Featured | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Kimberly | Featured | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Sarah | Featured | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Will | Featured | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Brittini |  | | | | | | | | | Entered | Featured | | |
| Nick |  | | | | | | | | | Entered | Featured | | |
| Joey | Featured | | | | | | | | Left |  | | | Return |
| Greg | Featured | | | | | | | removed |  | | | | |

**Notes**

## Episodes

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 441 | 1 | "Welcome to Hollywood" | April 16, 2008 (2008-04-16) |
| The cast assembles at the house. Sarah, Kimberly, and Joey perceive Greg to be unfriendly, negative, cocky, and immature. Will is surprised to learn Brianna is a stripper, and she feels that he lost respect for her because of this. She learns an arrest warrant was issued for her back home for an incident in which Bobby, her now-ex-boyfriend, hit her and tried to prevent her from leaving their home. She has to return home to resolve it. Will says he has a crush on Sarah. Greg angers Joey by calling him a "weirdo". When Greg dismisses criticism of his behavior, Kimberly, Dave, Joey and Brianna have a group confessional in which they criticize him. In response, Greg calls them "peasants", "fools", and "clowns", saying he doesn't need to change for them because he is "perfection". | | | | |
| 442 | 2 | "Let's Not Get Ghetto" | April 23, 2008 (2008-04-23) |
| Greg and Joey put their differences aside. Greg invites Will out one night, but Sarah is upset that Will will miss her birthday party. The women are offended when, during dinner, the men flirt with a woman who later shows up at the house and is turned away. The same thing occurs the next night when a man Sarah met at her birthday party shows up at the house. Dave and Kim flirt platonically. Joey and Brianna make out and share a bed. Kim and Brianna argue when the house's maximum allowable number of guests (seven) is exceeded. During this Kim says, "Let's not get ghetto", a statement Will sees as racist, but Kim explains Brianna has said this about herself. Greg helps them make up. Brianna is disturbed over how Joey behaves when drunk. Joey himself doesn't like going to bars or drinking any more, but fears he cannot withstand peer pressure. | | | | |
| 443 | 3 | "Where's Joey?" | April 30, 2008 (2008-04-30) |
| Kim and Dave insist that they do not want their flirtation to lead to a relationship. Joey and Brianna reveal past problems with substance abuse, and fear recidivism. Greg is suspected to be responsible for a series of pranks. Andy Dick tells the cast they will take improv comedy lessons at the iO WEST theater with Artistic Director Charna Halpern, who will be their coach. The cast feels Greg's disinterest in this comes across as rude, and his refusal to attend a mandatory comedy night with them gets him in trouble with Charna. Brianna and Joey's relationship experiences tension, in part due to Brianna's dalliance with another man named JoJo. | | | | |
| 444 | 4 | "Joey's Intervention" | May 7, 2008 (2008-05-07) |
| Brianna returns to Philadelphia with Will to resolve her legal troubles. Dave and Joey are angered by Kim and Sarah, whom they think are too judgmental of people who become strippers out of financial necessity. Conflict stemming from roommates bringing home guests early in the morning recurs, as from Joey's alcohol-fueled temper, including a tantrum from him that frightens his roommates. He agrees to leave the house to begin a 30-day treatment program. Brianna returns to the house, and realizes she still has feelings for Bobby, her ex. | | | | |
| 445 | 5 | "I Need Lovin'" | May 14, 2008 (2008-05-14) |
| Kim and Dave's relationship, which is revealed to have become sexual, experiences conflict. Greg lands a fashion show that conflicts with his improv classes. Brianna ponders her music career prospects, and her lack of motivation. Brianna brings JoJo home, and has sex with him as Kim and Sarah lie awake in their beds nearby, angering them, particularly Sarah. Will plays his music for rapper Sticky Fingaz, who responds positively. Brianna makes up with Sarah, and resolves to work harder on her music. | | | | |
| 446 | 6 | "Greg Vs. The House" | May 21, 2008 (2008-05-21) |
| Tension is created by a visit by Sarah's boyfriend, Ryan, by Dave's dalliances with other women, despite his having consummated his relationship with Kimberly, and by comments made by Greg, Sarah and Kimberly about these women. As a result, Greg claims to now be on bad terms with every one of his housemates. The conflict continues when Sarah reports her underwear stolen from her drawer, for which Greg ultimately admits responsibility, and when Will romances Reva, a girlfriend of Greg's. | | | | |
| 447 | 7 | "Get It On" | May 28, 2008 (2008-05-28) |
| Tension between Greg and Will continue, as with the others over Greg's cleanliness and continued pranks. This leads to an exchange of insults, threats, and thrown objects, and an intervention by the producers, who have Will leave the house for one night, before deciding that he and Dave must take anger management classes. The cast enjoys a visit to Joey in rehab, and are consulted as to how to support his recovery upon his return. The cast continues their improv performances. | | | | |
| 448 | 8 | "Arrival and Departure" | June 4, 2008 (2008-06-04) |
| Joey returns home from rehab, but perceives his roommates as unsympathetic to his needs, as they refuse to abstain from drinking in his presence. Will meets Janelle Casanave from *The Real World: Key West*, whose connections may help his career, and to whom he is attracted. Brianna's attempts to resolve her legal troubles continue. Joey feels his lack of practice hurt his improv performance, but Charna insists that it was decent, and praises his courage in going on stage after coming back from rehab. She also implores the others to help Joey, invoking the memory of comedian Chris Farley, who was best friends with iO Artistic Director James Grace, and whose addictions killed him. Charna also fires Greg for missing yet another improv performance, and he is required to move out and leave the show per rules first implemented in Season 10. With his next improv performance, Joey finds his confidence increasing. | | | | |
| 449 | 9 | "Joey Checks Out" | June 11, 2008 (2008-06-11) |
| Joey feels his struggle to remain sober may be threatened by a visit by his friend Mike, who first introduced him to cocaine. Sarah's attempt to help him is rebuffed, and Joey confesses to fearing failure in his career, and feeling depressed. Will introduces Brianna to a music producer who offers positive words of encouragement, but her mother worries about Brianna's lack of a backup plan. She also gets to sing with Alex Band of The Calling. Feeling that his return from rehab has not improved things, and realizing that he has lost interest in acting, Joey decides to move out, and return to Chicago. Before he leaves, he reads to the others the goodbye letter to alcohol that he wrote in rehab, which brings him to tears. | | | | |
| 450 | 10 | "In With The New" | June 18, 2008 (2008-06-18) |
| Will's feelings for Janelle deepen as their relationship continues. She also introduces him and Dave to some of her friends from past *Real World* seasons. Alcohol threatens Dave's performance during an improv show. Nick and Brittini, the two new roommates, move in. Will and Brittini share a mutual attraction and enjoy flirting, much to Kimberly and Sarah's disapproval. Because of Janelle, however, their friendship experiences conflict. Dave gets the opportunity to experience hosting duties at the iO. | | | | |
| 451 | 11 | "Making It" | June 25, 2008 (2008-06-25) |
| Alex Band's plans for Brianna don't mesh with her music, but other opportunities present themselves. Nick's late-night cavorting with a woman upsets Sarah and Kimberly. The three of them begin internships at Movies.com, whose producer, Brandon Schantz, is undergoing treatment for cancer, but who has high hopes for Nick, who becomes friends with him. Kimberly and Nick excel at interviewing moviegoers, but Sarah is disappointed with her performance, though she also gets work as a correspondent for think.mtv.com. She later drinks too much during a night out with the girls, resulting in nausea, and conflict between her and Nick. The roommates learn Brandon has died. Carson says he will help Nick with his career, but Nick is devastated. | | | | |
| 452 | 12 | "Mexi-Loco" | July 2, 2008 (2008-07-02) |
| The cast vacations in Cancun, Mexico. Will tries and give his friendship with Brittini a chance, but escalating flirtation between the two leads to a passionate kiss, much to their subsequent regret. Brianna is angered by comments Sarah and Kimberly have made about her. Nick and Dave have one-night stands with two Canadian women. Janelle breaks up with Will after he confesses his infidelity, but after returning to Hollywood, Brittini holds off on telling her boyfriend, Jeremy, who visits the house. Dave tries to cheer Will up by taking him out, resulting in a foursome involving them and two women back at the house. Will later regrets this upon a call by Janelle, who agrees to try to renew their relationship. She later realized that she no longer saw him as she did when she first met him, and broke with up with him again, later learning that his activities went beyond a mere kiss when this episode aired. | | | | |
| 453 | 13 | "It's A Wrap" | July 9, 2008 (2008-07-09) |
| As the cast's time in Hollywood comes to an end, they prepare for their final performance at the iO. In Chicago, Joey ponders what he has given up by leaving Hollywood, and is persuaded back to Hollywood to see their final show. Dave is attacked at a club, leading to an altercation involving his roommates, and a black eye for him. Brittini receives mixed feedback when she tries to sign with a new modeling agency. Nick, Kimberly and Sarah have an opportunity to interview Shanna Moakler for *Entertainment Tonight*, but Kimberly's interview does not go well. The roommates are elated to see Joey, and their final show goes well. After emotional farewells, one by one, the roommates leave the house. | | | | |

## After filming

*The Real World: Hollywood Reunion* special was held live in Times Square on July 12, 2008, and was hosted by Lyndsey Rodrigues. All cast members appeared except for Greg, whose absence was not explained, but was the source of speculation. (Greg later indicated in an interview that he was upset over his eviction from the show, and would never again participate in a Bunim-Murray production.) Among the topics of discussion were Greg's behavior, Will's reasons for his confrontation with Greg in Episode 7, the attack on Dave in the final episode, Sarah's outspokenness, the conflict between Kimberly and Brianna concerning Brianna's lifestyle, Joey's alcoholism, the portrayal of his roommates' responsiveness to his struggle to remain sober, Nick and Brittini's experiences as the replacement roommates, and the various romantic and sexual relationships among the cast. Among the relationships discussed were Dave and Kimberly, Joey and Brianna, Sarah's revelation that she was now engaged, the triangle between Will, Janelle and Brittini, and the subsequent foursome involving Will, Dave and two women. Present during the taping was Janelle herself, who took to the stage to air her criticisms of Will's behavior.

### Death of Joey Kovar

In January 2010, Joey Kovar, spurred by the impending birth of his and his girlfriend's child, appeared on the third season of *Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew*, where he sought help for his addiction to cocaine, ecstasy and alcohol. After completing treatment, he indicated that after helping his girlfriend, Nikki, move into their new home, he would get a sponsor, go to meetings, and go to a sober living facility. A year after his girlfriend gave birth to their son, Kovar's daughter was born. On August 17, 2012, 29-year-old Kovar was found dead at a friend's home near Chicago. Autopsy results were inconclusive, and the cause of death was pending a toxicological test as of August 18, though police stated that no foul play was indicated, and Kovar's brother, David, denied that drugs were the cause, as he stated that Kovar was maintaining his sobriety. The cause of death was later to be known as an opiate intoxication.

### *The Challenge*

| Cast member | Seasons of *The Challenge* |
| --- | --- |
| Brianna Taylor | *The Ruins* |
| Dave Malinosky | *The Island* |
| Greg Halstead |  |
| Joey Kovar |  |
| Kimberly Alexander | *The Duel II*, *The Ruins* |
| Sarah Ralston |  |
| William Gilbert |  |
| Brittini Sherrod | *The Duel II* |
| Nick Brown | *The Duel II*, *The Ruins* |

## Ratings

For the first four weeks, the season posted a 2.5 rating among people 12-34, a 14% increase from the prior season-to-date. The season also saw growth among females 18-24 with a 6.1 rating, a 39% increase over the previous year. The season made MTV the #1 network for the Wednesday 10pm - 11pm time slot among people 12-34, exceeding even broadcast networks for the same demographic. As of May 13, 2008, the season reached 44 million viewers, 23 million of which are in the network's 12-34 target demographic core.

1. Sicha, Choire; "The Real World: Brooklyn. For Real." observer.com; May 13, 2008.
2. *The Real World Dailies* Archived 2008-05-29 at the Wayback Machine
3. Real World Hollywood Marathon at watchingrealitytv.com. July 3, 2008
4. "The Sunny Side of MTV"; mtv.com; July 4, 2008
5. Columbia Square Building at realworldhouses.com
6. "The Real World: Hollywood, Press Release from MTV.com" (PDF). *MTV*. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 1, 2007.
7. Think MTV, Real World: Hollywood Goes Green Videos
8. De Leon, Kris (January 25, 2008). "'The Real World: Hollywood' Cast Revealed". *Buddy TV*. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
9. "MTV The Real World Online Casting"; July 7, 2007.
10. "Real World Hollywood Cast Performing"; YouTube; December 6, 2007
11. Biography page for Brianna Taylor at mtv.com
12. Seen in the season premiere.
13. Biography page for David Malinosky at mtv.com
14. Biography page for Greg Halstead at mtv.com
15. *Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew*; third season premiere ("Intake"); VH1; January 7, 2010
16. Biography page for Joey Kovar at mtv.com
17. *The Real World: Hollywood Reunion*. MTV. July 12, 2008
18. Biography page for Kimberly Alexander at MTV.com, Accessed November 16, 2010.
19. Biography page for Sarah Ralston at mtv.com
20. Biography page for William Gilbert at mtv.com
21. Biography page for Brittini Sherrod at mtv.com. Jeremy's name was given in Episode 12.
22. Biography page for Nick Brown at mtv.com
23. Summary page for Episode 1 ("Welcome to Hollywood") at mtv.com
24. Video of Episode 1 at mtv.com
25. Summary page for Episode 2 ("Let's Not Get Ghetto") at mtv.com
26. Video of Episode 2 at mtv.com
27. Summary page for Episode 3 ("Where's Joey?") at mtv.com
28. Video of Episode 3 at mtv.com
29. "Real World: XX: Hollywood: Ep. 2004: Joey's Intervention". MTV. May 7, 2008. Archived from the original on November 23, 2009. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
30. "Joey's Intervention". *The Real World: Hollywood*. Season 20. Episode 4. May 7, 2008. MTV. Archived from the original on November 20, 2009.
31. Summary page for Episode 5 ("I Need Lovin'") at mtv.com
32. Video of Episode 5 at mtv.com
33. Summary page for Episode 6 ("Greg Vs. The House") at mtv.com
34. Video of Episode 6 at mtv.com
35. Summary page for Episode 7 ("Get It On") at mtv.com
36. Video of Episode 7 at mtv.com
37. Summary page for Episode 8 ("Arrival and Departure") at mtv.com
38. Video of Episode 8 at mtv.com
39. Summary page for Episode 9 ("Joey Checks Out") at mtv.com
40. Video of Episode 9 at mtv.com
41. Summary page for Episode 10 ("In With The New") at mtv.com
42. Video of Episode 10 at mtv.com
43. Summary page for Episode 11 ("Making It") at mtv.com
44. Video of Episode 11 at mtv.com
45. Summary page for Episode 12 ("Mexi-Loco") at mtv.com
46. Video of Episode 12 at mtv.com
47. "Janelle: Why I Took Will Back...And Then Dumped His Ass Again"; mtv.com; July 2, 2008
48. Summary page for Episode 13 ("It's a Wrap") at mtv.com
49. Video of Episode 13 at mtv.com
50. Murray, Jawn; "Greg Halstead: 'Real World' Housemate Gets Raw About His Roommates"; blackvoices.com; July 24, 2008
51. Video of *Celebrity Rehab* Episode 3.4 ("New Patients") at VH1.com
52. Video of *Celebrity Rehab* Episode 3.9 ("Graduation") at VH1.com
53. D'Zurilla Christie (August 17, 2012). "Joey Kovar dead: Family 'in shock,' disputes drug-suspicion claim". *Los Angeles Times*.
54. Sadovi, Carlos (August 18, 2012). "Autopsy inconclusive, further tests required for reality star Joey Kovar". *Chicago Tribune*.

34°05′55″N 118°19′21″W / 34.09861°N 118.32250°W / 34.09861; -118.32250

## InfoBox

| *The Real World: Hollywood* | |
| --- | --- |
| Season 20 | |
| The original cast of *The Real World: Hollywood* | |
| Starring |  |
| No. of episodes | 13 |
| Release | |
| Original network | MTV |
| Original release | April 16 (2008-04-16)
July 12, 2008 (2008-07-12) |
| Season chronology | |


title: Marie Clarke

abstract: Marie Clarke was an African American labor leader from Ohio. She was inducted into the Ohio Women's Hall of Fame in 1986 by Governor Richard Celeste. She turned 100 in June 2015. Clarke was born in Columbus, Ohio; she died in January 2020 at the age of 104.

text:
# Marie Clarke

**Marie Clarke** (June 27, 1915 – January 2, 2020) was an African American labor leader from Ohio. She was inducted into the Ohio Women's Hall of Fame in 1986 by Governor Richard Celeste. She turned 100 in June 2015. Clarke was born in Columbus, Ohio; she died in January 2020 at the age of 104.

## Work and organizing

In 1946 Clarke, a single mother, began work as a mechanic at the largest aircraft manufacturer in the United States at the time, Curtiss-Wright Corporation in Columbus, Ohio. Clarke soon became a labor organizer and recruiter for the United Auto Workers union. Her first project took on disparities between the men's and women's restrooms at the plant raising concerns that the men's restroom had many more sinks for washing after shifts than the women's. The difference added to the women's workday as they waited in long lines. It was the long wait times that allowed Clarke to raise awareness and organize women to become part of the union.

Her efforts organizing workers at the plant into the United Auto Workers union survived a major company re-organization from Curtiss-Wright Corporation to North American Rockwell manufacturing company. After 22 years in the aircraft industry, Clarke was the first African American woman to be elected to the executive board of the UAW local 927. In 1969, she left the industry and took a job as a clerical worker at Columbus City Hall where she was supportive of a strike among the city's sanitation workers who were part of the AFSCME Local 1632 union. After the strike, Clarke was instrumental in organizing clerical workers to join the local 1632 union, a task completed by the end of 1969.

From 1980–1992 Clarke served as the secretary-treasurer of the AFSCME Local 1632 union and was a member of the AFSCME Local 1632 Chapter 108 as a retiree. John Lyall, president of AFSCME Ohio Council 8 spoke of Marie Clarke noting that "when we say we are standing on the shoulders of those who came before us, we’re talking about people like Marie Clarke. She knew the power of solidarity and was a great believer in direct action. Her accomplishments should inspire us all." Clarke has said that “I have always felt that serving the public was a special kind of work. And I will always be proud to say I am an AFSCME member."


title: Marie Claveau

abstract: Marie Claveau, stage name Mademoiselle du Croisy was a French stage actress.

text:
# Marie Claveau

**Marie Claveau**, stage name **Mademoiselle du Croisy** (died September 1703) was a French stage actress.

## Life

She was born in Sainte-Hermine.

She married first in 1635 to Nicolas de Lécole, Lord of Saint-Maurice. After his death, she married Philibert Gassot, known as Du Croisy, at Poitiers on 29 July 1652. They had at least two daughters: Angélique (died aged nine) and the actor Marie-Angélique.

She joined Molière's company in 1659, where she gained her stage name **Mademoiselle du Croisy** (a stage-name also taken by her daughter). Her poor acting and friction with other company members led to her departure from it in 1665.

She died in Dourdan in 1703.

1. Scott, Virginia (2010).  *Women on the stage in early modern France : 1540-1750*. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521896757.
2. (in French) *Œuvres de Molière*, Lefèvre, 1 January 1845


title: Marie Brämer-Skowronek

abstract: Marie Brämer-Skowronek is a German Paralympic athlete competing in F34 classification throwing events. Brämer-Skowronek represented Germany at the 2012 Summer Paralympic Games in London, entering the javelin throw and the shot put. She finished tenth in the shot and in the javelin, which stretched over four classifications, she threw a distance of 20.43 metres to win the silver medal. As well as Paralympic success, Brämer-Skowronek won a bronze medal at the 2013 IPC Athletics World Championships in the javelin.

text:
# Marie Brämer-Skowronek

**Marie Brämer-Skowronek** (born 9 December 1990) is a German Paralympic athlete competing in F34 classification throwing events. Brämer-Skowronek represented Germany at the 2012 Summer Paralympic Games in London, entering the javelin throw and the shot put. She finished tenth in the shot and in the javelin, which stretched over four classifications, she threw a distance of 20.43 metres to win the silver medal. As well as Paralympic success, Brämer-Skowronek won a bronze medal at the 2013 IPC Athletics World Championships in the javelin.

## InfoBox

Marie Brämer-Skowronek
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | German |
| Born | (1990-12-09) 9 December 1990
Wolmirstedt, Germany |
| Height | 170 cm (67 in) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | track and field |
| Disability | Cerebral palsy |
| Disability class | T34 |
| Event(s) | Shot put
Javelin throw |
| Club | LAV Bunde |
| Coached by | Alexander Hollstein |
| Medal record      Women's athletics  Representing  Germany  Paralympic Games  2012 London Javelin - F33/34/52/53  IPC World Championships  2013 Lyon  Javelin F33/34  IPC European Championships  2012 Stadskanaal  Javelin F33/34 | |


title: Marie Lindberg (cyclist)

abstract: Marie Lindberg is a road cyclist from Sweden. She represented her nation at the 2006, 2009, 2010 and 2011 UCI Road World Championships.

text:
# Marie Lindberg (cyclist)

**Marie Lindberg** (born 14 August 1987) is a road cyclist from Sweden. She represented her nation at the 2006, 2009, 2010 and 2011 UCI Road World Championships.

## InfoBox

Marie Lindberg
| Lindberg (right) at the 2009 UCI Road World Championships. | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1987-08-14) 14 August 1987<br>Sweden |
| Team information | |
| Discipline | Road cycling |
| Professional teams | |
| 2011 | ABUS–Nutrixxion |
| 2012 | Kleo Ladies Team |
|  | |


title: Marie Liljedahl

abstract: Marie Liljedahl is a Swedish actress who had a short-lived film career in the late-1960s and early-1970s, in the films of Joseph W. Sarno and Jesus Franco.

text:
# Marie Liljedahl

**Marie Liljedahl** (born 15 February 1950) is a Swedish actress who had a short-lived film career in the late-1960s and early-1970s, in the films of Joseph W. Sarno and Jesus Franco.

## Biography

Born in Stockholm, Sweden, Liljedahl became a stage actress at the age of ten, and a member of the Royal Swedish Opera ballet at the age of twelve. She was discovered dancing with a Stockholm ballet company by director Joseph W. Sarno. At seventeen, she began her film career with the lead role in Sarno's *Inga* (1968), which transformed her into an international sex symbol. Her other film roles included Eugenie in *Eugenie… The Story of Her Journey into Perversion* (1970) and Sibyl Vane in *Dorian Gray* (1970). In 1971, she appeared in the sequel to *Inga* (*The Seduction of Inga*), her last major role. She grew weary of the film industry and retired from acting at the age of twenty-one.

Liljedahl appeared in two *Playboy* magazine pictorials: "The Girls of Scandinavia" (June 1968) and "Flicker Flicka" (March 1969). Decades later, she said in DVD interviews that she regretted having made the sex films when she was young.

## Filmography

## InfoBox

| Marie Liljedahl | |
| --- | --- |
| Liljedahl in 1970 | |
| Born | (1950-02-15) 15 February 1950<br>Stockholm, Sweden |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 19681971 |


title: Marin Gradac

abstract: Marin Gradac is a Bosnian musician who is a trombonist for the Sarajevo Philharmonic Orchestra. Formerly, he was a member of a Bosnian garage rock band Zabranjeno Pušenje.

text:
# Marin Gradac

**Marin Gradac** is a Bosnian musician who is a trombonist for the Sarajevo Philharmonic Orchestra. Formerly, he was a member of a Bosnian garage rock band Zabranjeno Pušenje.

## Career

In 1996, Gradac accompanied Sejo Sexon and Elvis J. Kurtović, with whom he restarted the band Zabranjeno Pušenje, disbanded in the early 1990s. He sang and performed on two studio albums; *Fildžan viška* (1997) and *Agent tajne sile* (1999). Also, Gradac performed on their first live album; *Hapsi sve!* (1998). According to Sejo Sexon, Gradac was a really good singer, but the fans didn't accept him, especially the core ones. Gradac left Zabranjeno Pušenje in 2000 due to other commitments; he went to complete the Sarajevo Music Academy.

Gradac has been playing a trombone for the Sarajevo Philharmonic Orchestra.

Gradas is an executive producer of the Sarajevo Big Band and a board member of the Saraj Pro-Brass Musicians Association.

## Discography

**Zabranjeno pušenje**

## InfoBox

| Marin Gradac | |
| --- | --- |
| Also known as | Maka / Mako |
| Genres |  |
| Occupation | Musician |
| Instruments |  |


title: Marina Kiehl

abstract: Marina Kiehl is a former World Cup alpine ski racer from Germany.

text:
# Marina Kiehl

**Marina Kiehl** (born 12 January 1965) is a former World Cup alpine ski racer from Germany.

## Career

Competing for West Germany in the 1980s, Kiehl gained her first World Cup victory in a Super-G competition in March 1984 in Quebec. She won season titles in giant slalom In 1985 and in Super-G in 1986. The major highlight in Kiehl's career came at the 1988 Olympics in Calgary, when she won a gold medal in the downhill, ahead of Brigitte Oertli and Karen Percy.

Kiehl retired from competitions after the Calgary Olympics, aged 23.

## World Cup results

### Season titles

| Season | Discipline |
| --- | --- |
| 1985 | Giant slalom |
| 1986 | Super-G |

### Season standings

| Season | Age | Overall | Slalom | Giant
Slalom | Super G | Downhill | Combined |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1982 | *17* | 81 |  |  | *not run* |  | 30 |
| 1983 | *18* | 66 |  |  | *not
awarded
(w/ GS)* |  | 24 |
| 1984 | *19* | 9 |  | 4 | | 14 | 9 |
| 1985 | *20* | 4 |  | 1 | | 7 | 7 |
| 1986 | *21* | 8 |  | 11 | 1 | 10 | 10 |
| 1987 | *22* | 10 |  | 8 | 3 | 6 |  |
| 1988 | *23* | 18 |  | 13 | 20 | 8 |  |

### Race victories

* 7 wins – (6 SG, 1 GS)
* 18 podiums – (2 DH, 9 SG, 4 GS, 3 K)

| Season | Date | Location | Race |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **1984** | 4 March 1984 | Mont Sainte-Anne, Canada | Super-G |
| **1985** | 15 December 1984 | Madonna di Campiglio, Italy | Giant slalom |
| | 26 January 1985 | Arosa, Switzerland | Super-G |
| | 10 March 1985 | Banff, Canada | Super-G |
| **1986** | 7 December 1985 | Sestriere, Italy | Super-G |
| | 16 March 1986 | Vail, USA | Super-G |
| **1987** | | 15 March 1987 | Super-G |

## World Championship results

| Year | Age | Slalom | Giant
Slalom | Super-G | Downhill | Combined |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1985 | *20* |  |  | *not run* | 11 | 10 |
| 1987 | *22* |  |  |  | 4 |  |

## Olympic results

| Year | Age | Slalom | Giant
Slalom | Super-G | Downhill | Combined |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1984 | *19* |  |  | *not run* |  | *not run* |
| 1988 | *23* |  |  | 13 |  |  |

## InfoBox

Marina Kiehl
| Marina Kiehl in 2015 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | 12 January 1965 (1965-01-12) (age 59)
Munich, West Germany |
| Height | 1.64 m (5 ft 5 in) |
| Weight | 62 kg (137 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Alpine skiing |
| Club | TSV 1860 München |
| Medal record      Representing  West Germany  Winter Olympics  1988 Calgary  Downhill | |


title: Marina Keegan

abstract: Marina Evelyn Keegan was an American author, playwright, and journalist. She is best known for her essay "The Opposite of Loneliness," which went viral and was viewed over 1.4 million times in 98 countries after her death in a car crash while traveling home as a passenger just five days after she graduated magna cum laude from Yale University.

text:
# Marina Keegan

**Marina Evelyn Keegan** (October 25, 1989 – May 26, 2012) was an American author, playwright, and journalist. She is best known for her essay "The Opposite of Loneliness," which went viral and was viewed over 1.4 million times in 98 countries after her death in a car crash while traveling home as a passenger just five days after she graduated *magna cum laude* from Yale University.

## Biography

Keegan was born in Boston and raised in the suburb of Wayland, Massachusetts. She attended Buckingham Browne & Nichols in Cambridge before matriculating to Yale in the fall of 2008. At Yale, Keegan majored in English and served as president of the Yale College Democrats during her junior year. She was to begin a job at *The New Yorker* following her graduation from Yale.

## *The Opposite of Loneliness*

A collection of Keegan's works, both fiction and non-fiction, was published posthumously by Scribner in April 2014. The book is titled after her graduation essay and features an introduction by the American author Anne Fadiman, who was one of Keegan's professors at Yale. *The Opposite of Loneliness* was well received and quickly became a *New York Times* bestseller. The *New York Times* columnist Nicholas Kristof dedicated a column to the book, hailing it "a triumph" and urging readers to reflect on what they really want from life. Positive reviews also appeared in the *Chicago Tribune*, the *Boston Globe*, and the *Financial Times*, among many others.

## Other works

### "Even Artichokes Have Doubts"

On September 30, 2011, Keegan published an essay in the *Yale Daily News* entitled "Even Artichokes Have Doubts," lamenting the high percentage of graduates who enter into the fields of finance and consulting. The piece captured the attention of author Kevin Roose, who worked for the *New York Times*’ financial website DealBook at the time. Roose contacted Keegan and asked her to adapt her essay for DealBook, which published her piece as "Another View: The Science and Strategy of College Recruiting," on November 9, 2011. Roose reports that it was DealBook’s "best-performing post in months." He went on to feature Keegan in his book *Young Money: Inside the Hidden World of Wall Street’s Post-Crash Recruits* (2014), and dedicated it to her memory. Keegan also appeared on National Public Radio's *All Things Considered* to discuss the piece.

### "Why We Care About Whales"

In September, 2009, Keegan published an essay in the *Yale Daily News* entitled "Why We Care About Whales," which considers the inconsistencies of empathy. The essay has been anthologized in *The Broadview Anthology of Expository Prose*.

### *Independents*

The musical *Independents*, for which Keegan had written the book, debuted at the New York International Fringe Festival in August 2012. It was one of twelve works - out of nearly two hundred - that was selected for an encore series in September.

### *Utility Monster*

Keegan's play *Utility Monster* premiered at the Wellfleet Harbor Actors' Theater on Cape Cod on May 25, 2013. The play follows two fifteen-year-olds struggling with ideas of privilege and social responsibility.

### "Cold Pastoral"

This short story was published by the *New Yorker* on September 27, 2012. It also appears in the book *The Opposite of Loneliness*.

### "Reading Aloud"

"Reading Aloud" was read by Rita Wolf on NPR's *Selected Shorts* program on September 11, 2011.

## InfoBox

| Marina Keegan | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Marina Evelyn Keegan
(1989-10-25)October 25, 1989
Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Died | May 26, 2012(2012-05-26) (aged 22)
Cape Cod, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Occupation | Writer |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | Yale University |


title: Marina Khan (bowls)

abstract: Marina Josephine Khan is a lawn bowls competitor for New Zealand.

text:
# Marina Khan (bowls)

**Marina Josephine Khan** (born 13 December 1965 in Te Puke, New Zealand) is a lawn bowls competitor for New Zealand.

## Personal life

She is of Pakistani descent through her father, and of Yugoslav and Maori descent through her mother. Both she and her sister Jan Khan are the daughters of lawn bowler Millie Khan.

## Bowls career

At the 2006 Commonwealth Games she won a bronze medal in the women's pairs event with her sister Jan Khan.

She won the fours gold medal and triples silver medal at the 2007 Asia Pacific Bowls Championships in Christchurch.

Marina won the 2000 pairs title and the 2001 & 2002 fours title at the New Zealand National Bowls Championships when bowling for the Matamata Bowls Club.

## InfoBox

Marina Khan
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | New Zealander |
| Born | (1965-12-13) 13 December 1965 |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Bowls |
| Club | Matamata BC |
| Medal record       Representing  New Zealand  Commonwealth Games  2006 Melbourne Pairs  World Outdoor Championships  2008 Christchurch triples  Asia Pacific Bowls Championships  2007 Christchurch fours  2007 Christchurch triples | |


title: Mario Preskar

abstract: Mario Preskar is a former Croatian professional heavyweight boxer. He trained at Leonardo Boxing Gym in Zagreb with his trainer Leonard Pijetraj.

text:
# Mario Preskar

**Mario Preskar** (born January 12, 1984) is a former Croatian professional heavyweight boxer. He trained at Leonardo Boxing Gym in Zagreb with his trainer Leonard Pijetraj.

## Amateur career

Preskar was born in Zagreb, Croatia. He began boxing at the age of 9 at the urging of his father Željko, a cab driver. Preskar became a seven-time Croatian national champion, his final amateur record was 45-5.

## Professional career

Preskar started his professional career in 2003, at only 19, signing a contract with the world-famous boxing manager Don King. King and Preskar parted ways in September 2008, with King reportedly unwilling to accept new contract terms put forward by Preskar and Pijetraj, who demanded more frequent fights. Preskar founded new opportunities with K2 Promotions, run by the Klitschko brothers.

In his 19th professional fight against Maksym Pedyura on June 27, 2009 in Lviv, Preskar was ahead throughout most of the match, but was knocked down twice in the last round. After the final bell, he collapsed and was immediately taken to hospital. The fight was declared a draw.

Preskar ascribed the incident to extreme exhaustion, due to high temperature and insufficient ventilation in the hall. In August 2009, he announced an indefinite break from boxing, citing lack of motivation. In May 2010 he collapsed while training, and was diagnosed with epilepsy.

As of 2019, Preskar is working as a boxing coach and a boxing commentator for RTL Televizija.

## Professional boxing record

| 19 fights | 16 wins | 0 losses |
| --- | --- | --- |
| By knockout | 10 | 0 |
| By decision | 6 | 0 |
| Draws | 3 | |

| No. | Result | Record | Opponent | Type | Round, time | Date | Location | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19 | Draw | 16–0–3 | Maksym Pedyura | PTS | 8 | 27 Jun 2009 | Sportpalace, Lviv, Lviv Oblast | Preskar felt down unconscious in his corner after final bell. |
| 18 | Win | 16–0–2 | Daniil Peretyatko | UD | 8 | 30 May 2009 | Palace of Sports, Kyiv, Kyiv Oblast |  |
| 17 | Win | 15–0–2 | Zurab Noniashvili | RTD | 3 (8), 3:00 | 28 Mar 2009 | Budivelnik, Cherkasy, Cherkasy Oblast |  |
| 16 | Win | 14–0–2 | Hans Joerg Blasko | RTD | 3 (6), 3:00 | 13 Dec 2008 | SAP Arena, Mannheim, Germany |  |
| 15 | Draw | 13–0–2 | Miyan Solomons | SD | 8 | 29 Sep 2007 | Große EWE Arena, Oldenburg, Niedersachsen |  |
| 14 | Win | 13–0–1 | Carl Gathright | RTD | 3 (8), 3:00 | 9 Jun 2007 | Spodek, Katowice, Silesian Voivodeship |  |
| 13 | Win | 12–0–1 | Paolo Ferrara | UD | 8 | 20 Jan 2007 | St. Jakobshalle, Basel, Switzerland |  |
| 12 | Win | 11–0–1 | Gene Valdez | TKO | 1 (8), 1:58 | 4 Nov 2006 | Chase Field, Phoenix, Arizona |  |
| 11 | Win | 10–0–1 | Matthew Greer | UD | 6 | 8 Jul 2006 | Savvis Center, St Louis, Missouri |  |
| 10 | Win | 9–0–1 | Ervin Slonka | TKO | 6 (6) | 17 Dec 2005 | Max-Schmeling-Halle, Prenzlauer Berg, Berlin |  |
| 9 | Win | 8–0–1 | Danut Moisa | KO | 2 (4) | 12 Dec 2005 | Bordelandhalle, Magdeburg, Sachsen-Anhalt |  |
| 8 | Win | 7–0–1 | Vlado Szabo | RTD | 2 (6), 3:00 | 15 Oct 2005 | Mehrzweckhalle Sued, Düsseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen |  |
| 7 | Win | 6–0–1 | Mark Miller | UD | 4 | 28 Oct 2004 | The Plex, North Charleston, South Carolina |  |
| 6 | Win | 5–0–1 | Danny Wayland | KO | 1 (4) | 2 Oct 2004 | Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York |  |
| 5 | Win | 4–0–1 | John Turlington | UD | 4 | 4 Sep 2004 | Mandalay Bay Resort & Casino, Paradise, Nevada |  |
| 4 | Draw | 3–0–1 | Marcelino Novaes | UD | 4 | 15 May 2004 | Mandalay Bay Resort & Casino, Paradise, Nevada |  |
| 3 | Win | 3–0 | Rubin Bracero | UD | 4 | 1 May 2004 | Miami Jai-Alai Fronton, Miami, Florida |  |
| 2 | Win | 2–0 | He Man Gipson | KO | 1 (4), 2:09 | 10 April 2004 | Mandalay Bay Resort & Casino, Paradise, Nevada |  |
| 1 | Win | 1–0 | Roman Armstrong | TKO | 1 (4), 1:59 | 12 Jul 2003 | Orleans Hotel & Casino, Las Vegas, Nevada | Professional debut |

## InfoBox

| Mario Preskar | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Mario Preskar
(1984-01-12) January 12, 1984
Zagreb, Croatia |
| Nationality | Croatia |
| **Statistics** | |
| Weight(s) | Heavyweight |
| Height | 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) |
| Stance | Orthodox |
|  | |
| **Boxing record** | |
| Total fights | 19 |
| Wins | 16 |
| Wins by KO | 10 |
| Losses | 0 |
| Draws | 3 |
| No contests | 0 |
|  | |


title: Mariya Mateva

abstract: Mariya Mateva is a former Bulgarian rhythmic gymnast. She represented her country at international level.

text:
# Mariya Mateva

**Mariya Mateva** (born 1 June 1994) is a former Bulgarian rhythmic gymnast. She represented her country at international level.

## Personal life

Born in Burgas, Bulgaria, her hobbies are music, painting. Mateva speaks Bulgarian and English.

## Career

### Junior

Mateva first big competition was the 2008 Junior European Championship in Turin, where she performed with ribbon, ending 4th in the apparatus final.

### Senior

Mariya competed at the 2010 World Championship in Moscow, where she performed with rope and ribbon not advancing to any final and taking 7th place in the team competition.

2014 saw her performing at the World Cup in Sofia, reaching the 9th place in the clubs' final, the European Championship where she was 11th in the All-Around, and the World Championship helping Bulgaria to finish 7th in the team final and she reached the 14th place in the All-Around final.

Mateva competed in three World Cup stages in 2015, Pesaro where she ending the All-Around in 19th, Tashkent where she was 4th in the ball final, and Lisbon finishing 6th with hoop and with clubs, before the European Championship in Minsk where she didn't reach any final and was 10th with the team. She was then selected to compete at the 1st European Games in Baku along Neviana Vladinova, where she didn't reach finals and was 17th in the All-Around. In September she took part in the World Championship finishing 24th in the All-Around and 7th in the team competition.

Scoliosis, a curvature of the spine, lead to her being dropped from the Bulgarian squad in February 2016 by national coach Efrosina Angelova taking her by surprise and making it her official retirement from the sport.

## InfoBox

| Mariya Mateva | |
| --- | --- |
| Country represented | Bulgaria |
| Born | (1994-06-01) 1 June 1994<br>Burgas, Bulgaria |
| Height | 168 cm (5 ft 6 in) |
| Discipline | Rhythmic Gymnastics |
| Level | International Elite |
| Years on national team | 2008-2016 |
| Club | Olympia 74 |
| Head coach(es) | Efrosina Angelova |
| Assistant coach(es) | Ina Ananieva |
| Retired | yes |


title: Maritime Peninsula

abstract: The Maritime Peninsula is a region of eastern North America that extends from the Kennebec River in the U.S. state of Maine northeast to the Maritime provinces of Canada and Quebec's Gaspé Peninsula. It is bounded by the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the north and the Gulf of Maine to the south. The region has been inhabited for about 11,000 years, beginning in the Paleo-Indian period. Contact between native populations and Europeans occurred as early as 1600 in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Indigenous peoples at the time of European contact included the ancestors of the modern St. Francis (Odanak), Penobscot, Passamaquoddy, Maliseet, and Miꞌkmaq peoples, along with other Algonquian speakers referred to by French explorers as Abenaki, Etchemin, and Souriquois. The French colony of Acadia occupied roughly the same area.

text:
# Maritime Peninsula

The **Maritime Peninsula** is a region of eastern North America that extends from the Kennebec River in the U.S. state of Maine northeast to the Maritime provinces of Canada (New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia) and Quebec's Gaspé Peninsula. It is bounded by the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the north and the Gulf of Maine to the south.

The region has been inhabited for about 11,000 years, beginning in the Paleo-Indian period. Contact between native populations and Europeans occurred as early as 1600 in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Indigenous peoples at the time of European contact included the ancestors of the modern St. Francis (Odanak), Penobscot, Passamaquoddy, Maliseet, and Miꞌkmaq peoples, along with other Algonquian speakers referred to by French explorers as Abenaki, Etchemin, and Souriquois.

The French colony of Acadia occupied roughly the same area.

46°30′N 66°0′W / 46.500°N 66.000°W / 46.500; -66.000


title: Maritime Partnership Exercise

abstract: Maritime Partnership Exercise (MPX) is a multilateral event conducted by Indian Navy in which naval forces of foreign countries participate. This exercise is conducted as part of the Indian Navy's ongoing efforts to enhance its operational capabilities and strengthen its partnerships with friendly nations. MPX underscores India's commitment to promoting regional stability and security. As on 31 October 2022, Indian Navy has engaged in 47 Maritime Partnership Exercises with navies of 28 countries - Algeria, Australia, Brazil, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kuwait, Madagascar, Malaysia, Malta, Morocco, Myanmar, Nigeria, Oman, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo and USA. The activities and drills during the exercise are designed to provide a comprehensive training experience for naval personnel, covering a broad spectrum of skills and competencies. The exercise is aimed to enhance the readiness and preparedness of naval forces, enabling them to respond effectively to a range of operational scenarios. The inclusion of multiple tough maritime situations ensures that participants are exposed to a variety of challenges, enabling them to develop their skills and knowledge in a dynamic and engaging environment.

text:
# Maritime Partnership Exercise

**Maritime Partnership Exercise (MPX)** is a multilateral event conducted by Indian Navy in which naval forces of foreign countries participate. This exercise is conducted as part of the Indian Navy's ongoing efforts to enhance its operational capabilities and strengthen its partnerships with friendly nations. MPX underscores India's commitment to promoting regional stability and security.

As on 31 October 2022, Indian Navy has engaged in 47 Maritime Partnership Exercises with navies of 28 countries - Algeria, Australia, Brazil, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kuwait, Madagascar, Malaysia, Malta, Morocco, Myanmar, Nigeria, Oman, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo and USA.

The activities and drills during the exercise are designed to provide a comprehensive training experience for naval personnel, covering a broad spectrum of skills and competencies. The exercise is aimed to enhance the readiness and preparedness of naval forces, enabling them to respond effectively to a range of operational scenarios. The inclusion of multiple tough maritime situations ensures that participants are exposed to a variety of challenges, enabling them to develop their skills and knowledge in a dynamic and engaging environment.

## India-France-UAE

Aiming to enhance the interoperability and cooperation between the three nations' naval forces as well as to strengthen their maritime security capabilities, this exercise is seen as a significant step towards promoting regional stability and security in the Gulf of Oman, which is a crucial maritime route for global trade.

### 2023

The inaugural India, France, and UAE Maritime Partnership Exercise was launched on 7 June 2023, in the Gulf of Oman. The exercise involved the participation of INS Tarkash and French Ship Surcouf, both equipped with integral helicopters, French Rafale aircraft, and UAE Navy Dash-8 Maritime Patrol Aircraft. The two-day event encompassed a diverse range of naval operations, including Surface Warfare, which entailed tactical firing and drills for Missile engagements on surface targets, Helicopter Cross Deck Landing Operations, Advanced Air Defence Exercise, and Boarding operations. Additionally, the exercise incorporated cross embarkation of personnel to facilitate the exchange of best practices.

## India-Australia

### 2022

Royal Australian Navy (RAN) ships HMAS Adelaide along with HMAS Anzac participated in Maritime Partnership Exercise held in the Bay of Bengal during 2-3 November 2022, with the Indian Navy Ships Jalashwa and Kavaratti, including their embarked helicopters. The tactical manoeuvres, helicopter landings, and amphibious operations incorporated in the training exercises demonstrated the significant level of interoperability between the two navies.

## India-Bahrain

### 2021

During its deployment in the Persian Gulf, INS Kochi visited Manama in Bahrain to participate in a four-day Maritime Partnership Exercise (MPX). In preparation for the exercise, a coordination and operational planning conference was held between the Indian Navy and Bahraini Navy teams. The MPX took place on 18 August 2021, and involved joint naval operations between the two navies. This exercise is a testament to the strong partnership and cooperation between India and Bahrain in the maritime domain, and serves to enhance the interoperability and readiness of both navies.

## India-Egypt

### 2021

The INS Tabar recently engaged in a maritime partnership exercise with the ENS Alexandria, a frontline frigate of the Egyptian Navy, in the Mediterranean Sea on 5 September 2021. The training regimen encompassed a range of activities, such as practicing maneuvers in an environment with uneven threats, executing operations to intercept suspicious vessels on the open sea, refining communication protocols, collaborating on the creation of a comprehensive maritime domain picture, and conducting exercises for replenishing supplies while at sea. This exercise was conducted to enhance cooperation and interoperability between the two navies.

## India-France

India and France are both maritime nations that possess thriving maritime economies, encompassing diverse sectors such as marine technology, scientific research, fisheries, ports, shipping etc.

### 2022

The INS Tarkash, a guided-missile frigate of the Indian Navy, recently undertook a long-range overseas deployment and engaged in a Maritime Partnership Exercise (MPX) with French Navy Fleet Tanker Somme in the North Atlantic Ocean on July 29 and 30. Subsequently, collaborative aerial maneuvers were conducted, wherein the Falcon 50 maritime surveillance aircraft was involved in numerous simulated missile confrontations and air defense exercises. The MPX served as an opportunity for both navies to exchange best practices and enhance their interoperability in a challenging maritime environment.

### 2023

The exercise conducted in the Arabian Sea on March 10 and 11 had India's indigenously built INS Sahyadri, a guided missile frigate, engaging alongside French Navy ships the FS Dixmude, a Mistral Class Amphibious Assault Ship, and the FS La Fayette, a La Fayette Class Frigate. The event served as an opportunity for both navies to enhance their interoperability and strengthen their maritime capabilities through joint training and exercises.

On 30 June, the Bay of Bengal witnessed a Maritime Partnership Exercise (MPX) between the French Navy ship FS Surcouf and two Indian naval vessels, INS Rana and INS Sumedha. The drill encompassed a range of activities, including professional and social engagements, athletic competitions, and cross-deck visits along with training exercises involving a range of strategic manoeuvres.

## India-Indonesia

India and Indonesia have recently upgraded their bilateral relations to a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, which encompasses the joint effort to combat cross-border terrorism. Additionally, the two nations have entered into 15 agreements, including one aimed at enhancing defence cooperation, and have expressed their support for the freedom of navigation in the Indo-Pacific region, which is of strategic importance. This development is indicative of the growing significance of the relationship between India and Indonesia, and highlights their shared commitment to promoting regional stability and security.

### 2023

Indigenously designed and built Project-17 class stealth frigate INS Sahyadri and INS Kolkata, the first indigenously designed and built stealth destroyer of the Project-15A class reached Jakarta for MPX in July. The two navies participate in a diverse array of professional engagements, including joint yoga sessions, sports competitions, and cross-deck visits, with the objective of enhancing mutual cooperation and understanding.

## India-Italy

### 2021

On 4 and 5 July 2021, the INS Tabar, Talwar-class stealth Frigate engaged in a Maritime Partnership Exercise with the ITS Antonio Marceglia (F 597), a frontline frigate of the Italian Navy, in the Tyrrhenian Sea. The drill encompassed a diverse array of naval maneuvers, comprising air defense protocols, replenishment procedures while at sea, communication exercises, and cross-deck helicopter operations conducted both during daylight hours and at night.

The exercise proved to be advantageous for navies of both countries involved, as it contributed to the improvement of interoperability and the strengthening of joint efforts aimed at countering potential dangers in the maritime domain.

## India-Japan

The escalating presence of China in the Indian Ocean, which is regarded as the Indian Navy's domain, has raised significant apprehensions. In order to strengthen their maritime ties, the two nations have been conducting frequent maneuvers in the Indian Ocean Region. The Indian Navy and Japanese Maritime Self Defence Force (JMSDF) have been engaging in close collaboration across multiple domains, thereby assuming a pivotal role in safeguarding the security of international maritime commerce and striving towards the preservation of global commons.

### 2022

INS Shivalik and INS Kadmatt undertook MPX with JMSDF Ships JS Uraga and JS Hirado in the Bay of Bengal on 13 January 2022. The two vessels belonging to Minesweeper Division One of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force are currently deployed in the Indian Ocean Region. The entirety of the activity was organized and executed in a manner that did not involve physical contact, thus complying with the COVID-19 safety regulations.

On 23 July 2022, a Maritime Partnership Exercise (MPX) was carried out in the Andaman Sea between the Japan Maritime Self Defense Force and the Indian Navy. The operational interaction involved the participation of INS Sukanya \- an offshore patrol vessel, and JS Samidare \- a Murasame class destroyer. Both engaged in a range of exercises, including seamanship activities, aircraft operations, and tactical manoeuvres.

### 2023

On 11 March 2023, the INS Sahyadri, a *Shivalik*-class stealth multi-role frigate exercised with JS Suzutsuki, an Akizuki-class destroyer in the Arabian Sea. With the objective of reinforcing their mutual dedication to regional and global security concerns, the exercise featured *cross-deck landings* executed by *integral helicopters, tactical maneuvers, and a customary steampast* by the vessels of both navies. This exercise highlighted the robust naval connections and the exceptional degree of interoperability between the two nations within the maritime sphere.

## India-Kenya

### 2023

On 20 June 2023, INS Sunayna visited Mombasa, Kenya for MPX. The Indian and Kenyan naval crews engaged in a series of exercises, including firefighting and damage control, boarding maneuvers, and simulations of asymmetric threats.

## India-Malaysia

India and Malaysia enjoy a strong and enduring relationship, underpinned by robust people-to-people ties, a shared history, and well-established trade links. A key component of the bilateral cooperation between the two nations is their collaboration in the areas of defence and security. This partnership is characterized by regular exchanges between their respective armed forces, which serve to strengthen their mutual understanding and enhance their collective capabilities.

### 2022

On 27 August 2022, INS Sumedha, as a part of the Indian Navy's long-range operational deployment, visited Port Klang in Malaysia. The objective was to bolster the bilateral relations and augment the maritime collaboration and interoperability between the Indian Navy and the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN). The crew of INS Sumedha participated in professional interactions, Subject Matter Expert Exchanges (SMEE), cross-deck visits etc.

## India-Morocco

### 2021

INS Tabar, as part of her overseas deployment visited Casablanca in Morocco on 25 Aug 2021. It engaged in MPX alongside the Royal Moroccan Navy's Descubierta class 'Lieutenant Colonel Errhamani'. The exercise encompassed various activities, including communication drills, replenishment at sea procedures, and naval manoeuvres. The exercise culminated in the customary 'Steam Past' between the two ships, symbolizing a farewell gesture.

## India-Oman

### 2023

The Indian Navy and the Royal Navy of Oman participate in various avenues of foreign cooperation, including operations, training, and the exchange of Subject Matter Experts across diverse fields. INS Visakhapatnam, a Guided Missile Destroyer that has been designed and constructed indigenously in India, arrived in Oman on 30 July to participate in the MPX which commenced on 3 August 2023.

## India-Sudan

### 2021

The Indian Navy and Sudanese Navy conducted MPX in the Red Sea, situated along the coast of Sudan. INS Tabar engaged with Sudanese Navy ships- Almazz and Nimer during the first episode of a collaborative maritime exercise between the two navies on 10 September 2021. The exercise encompassed a diverse array of naval operations, comprising coordinated manoeuvring, replenishment at sea drills, helo operations, interdiction of suspect vessels at sea, and communication procedures.

## India-UAE

India and United Arab Emirates aims to enhance the collaboration between the two Navies to effectively address shared challenges such as piracy, smuggling, and human trafficking, while also strengthening maritime security and conducting joint operations for Humanitarian Assistance & Disaster Relief.

### 2023

INS Visakhapatnam \- one of the largest operational Destroyer in Indian Navy and INS Trikand -an advance stealth frigate carried out MPX in August with UAE Naval Forces ships Baynunah and AlFutaisi in Dubai. The objective was to augment the interoperability and synergy of the two naval forces through mutual training on tactics, techniques, and procedures, while concurrently fostering stronger professional relationships.

## India-UK

### 2024

In March 2024, maintenance of RFA Argus and RFA Lyme Bay was undertaken at the Larsen & Toubro's Kattupalli Shipyard in India. The ships were escorted by HMS Diamond, had transited through the Red Sea to reach India. In April 2024, LRG(S) participated in Maritime Partnership Exercise with Indian Navy's Eastern Fleet in the Indian Ocean. The exercise included stealth frigate INS Sahyadri. The tasks conducted in the exercise included "Tactical manoeuvres, boarding ops, surface engagement against simulated asymmetric threats, cross deck visits & cross deck helo ops."


title: Maritime New Zealand

abstract: Maritime New Zealand is a Crown entity and also a state maritime safety authority responsible for protecting the maritime transport sequence and marine environment within New Zealand and maintaining safety and security. They define their vision as: "a maritime environment with minimum deaths, accidents, incidents and pollution as part of an integrated and sustainable transport system”. Maritime New Zealand supports people by providing guidance and advice about Seafarer Certifications as well.

text:
# Maritime New Zealand

**Maritime New Zealand** (New Zealand Maritime Safety Authority) is a Crown entity and also a state maritime safety authority responsible for protecting the maritime transport sequence and marine environment within New Zealand and maintaining safety and security.

They define their vision as: "a maritime environment with minimum deaths, accidents, incidents and pollution as part of an integrated and sustainable transport system”.

Maritime New Zealand supports people by providing guidance and advice about Seafarer Certifications as well.

## History

A maritime authority called the Marine Board was originally established in 1862 and controlled by the Customs Department until near the end of the nineteenth century, when it was renamed the Marine Department.

In 1907 the Marine Department acquired the 805 ton Royal Navy gun boat HMS *Sparrow*. This was converted into a training ship and renamed NZS *Amokura*. Over the next 14 years 527 boys trained in *Amokura*, 25 of them going on to naval service and most of the others into the merchant marine.

In 1972 the Marine Department was absorbed into the Ministry of Transport. In 1993 a Crown entity was established and called the Maritime Safety Authority before being subsequently rebranded as Maritime New Zealand in July 2005.

## Current structure

The current entity employs approximately 190 staff. It is managed by a five-member board appointed by the responsible minister (Minister of Transport) under the Maritime Transport Act 1994. One of its key responsibilities is the operation and maintenance of the lighthouses around New Zealand's coastline.

## InfoBox

Maritime New Zealand
| Logo of Maritime New Zealand | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Agency overview | |
| Formed | 1993 (1993) |
| Jurisdiction | Government of New Zealand |
| Headquarters | Level 11, Optimation House, 1 Grey Street, Wellington<br>41°17′05″S 174°46′36″E / 41.284860°S 174.776588°E / -41.284860; 174.776588 |
| Employees | 190 |
| Annual budget | $36 million NZD |
| Agency executive | * Keith Manch, Chief Executive |
| Parent agency | Ministry of Transport |
| Website | www.maritimenz.govt.nz |


title: Maritimein

abstract: Maritimein is an aurone, a type of natural phenol. It is the 6-glucoside of maritimetin. It can be found in Coreopsis maritima. It is an anthochlor pigment, a kind of yellow pigment.

text:
# Maritimein

**Maritimein** is an aurone, a type of natural phenol. It is the 6-glucoside of maritimetin. It can be found in *Coreopsis maritima*. It is an anthochlor pigment, a kind of yellow pigment.

## InfoBox

Maritimein
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| IUPAC name 6-(β-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-3′,4′,7-trihydroxyaurone | |
| Systematic IUPAC name (2*Z*)-2-\[(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene\]-7-hydroxy-6-{\[(2*S*,3*R*,4*S*,5*S*,6*R*)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl\]oxy}-1-benzofuran-3(2*H*)-one | |
| Other names Maritimetin-6-*O*-glucoside
3′,4′,6,7-Tetrahydroxy-6-*O*-glucosylaurone
6-*O*-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-3′,4′,6,7-tetrahydroxyaurone | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.007.012 |
| EC Number | * 207-712-2 |
| PubChem CID |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C21H20O11/c22-7-14-16(26)18(28)19(29)21(32-14)31-12-4-2-9-15(25)13(30-20(9)17(12)27)6-8-1-3-10(23)11(24)5-8/h1-6,14,16,18-19,21-24,26-29H,7H2/b13-6-/t14-,16-,18+,19-,21-/m1/s1 NKey: SYRURBPRFQUYQS-RHEJLWEFSA-N N * InChI=1/C21H20O11/c22-7-14-16(26)18(28)19(29)21(32-14)31-12-4-2-9-15(25)13(30-20(9)17(12)27)6-8-1-3-10(23)11(24)5-8/h1-6,14,16,18-19,21-24,26-29H,7H2/b13-6-/t14-,16-,18+,19-,21-/m1/s1Key: SYRURBPRFQUYQS-RHEJLWEFBR | |
| SMILES * C1=CC(=C(C=C1/C=C\2/C(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3)O\[C@H\]4\[C@@H\](\[C@H\](\[C@@H\](\[C@H\](O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C21H20O11 |
| Molar mass | 448.380 g·mol−1 |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?)  Infobox references | |


title: Marián Labuda

abstract: Marián Labuda was a Slovak actor. He was born in Hontianske Nemce. In 1964, he graduated from the Academy of Performing Arts in Bratislava (VŠMU). He became a member of the Slovak National Theatre (SND) in Bratislava. In 1967, he moved to the theatre Divadlo na Korze in the same city. Following its closure in 1971 he joined Nová scéna in Bratislava. In 1990, he returned to SND. He portrayed more than a hundred characters on stage. He also regularly appeared in both Slovak and Czech films. As a singer, he recorded the album Silvester 68 with several well-known personalities in Slovakia. The song "Pichni" from the album was written and sung by himself. Labuda died in Bratislava on 5 January 2018, aged 73.

text:
# Marián Labuda

**Marián Labuda** (28 October 1944  5 January 2018) was a Slovak actor.

He was born in Hontianske Nemce. In 1964, he graduated from the *Academy of Performing Arts in Bratislava* (VŠMU). He became a member of the Slovak National Theatre (SND) in Bratislava. In 1967, he moved to the theatre *Divadlo na Korze* in the same city. Following its closure in 1971 he joined *Nová scéna* in Bratislava.

In 1990, he returned to SND. He portrayed more than a hundred characters on stage. He also regularly appeared in both Slovak and Czech films. As a singer, he recorded the album Silvester 68 with several well-known personalities in Slovakia. The song "Pichni" from the album was written and sung by himself.

Labuda died in Bratislava on 5 January 2018, aged 73.

## Selected performances

## Selected filmography

## InfoBox

| Marián Labuda | |
| --- | --- |
| Marián Labuda in February 2011 | |
| Born | (1944-10-28)28 October 1944
Hontianske Nemce, Slovak Republic
(now Slovakia) |
| Died | 5 January 2018(2018-01-05) (aged 73)
Bratislava, Slovakia |
| Nationality | Slovak |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1965–2016 |


title: Marie Frommer

abstract: Marie Frommer, was a Polish-born German architect. Her work reflected the principles of Expressionism and the Neue Sachlichkeit, emphasizing colour and experimenting with light and form.

text:
# Marie Frommer

**Marie Frommer** (March 17, 1890, Warsaw – November 16, 1976, New York), was a Polish-born German architect. Her work reflected the principles of Expressionism and the Neue Sachlichkeit (The New Objectivity), emphasizing colour and experimenting with light and form.

## Biography and career

Marie Frommer came from a Jewish family. In 1912 she enrolled as an architecture student and was one of the first women to study at the Technische Hochschule in Berlin (now Technische Universität Berlin) graduating in 1913. Having received a conservative grounding in architecture, she continued her studies at the Dresden Technical University, where she focused on town planning, especially the role of rivers and canals in the planning and composition of cities. She studied under Professor Cornelius Gurlitt. In 1919 she completed her studies and returned to Berlin, where she opened her own studio in 1926. She also wrote articles on architectural design for magazines. In 1936 she fled Nazi Germany for London, eventually emigrating to America in 1940. She settled in New York, working as an architect for New York State until 1946.

## Architectural work


title: Marjoke de Bakker

abstract: Marjoke de Bakker is a former Dutch professional footballer who played as a forward for Kooger Football Club and the Netherlands women's national team, earning 61 caps. For 20 years she was the all-time record goal scorer for her country, having scored 29 times. On 21 August 2010 she lost her record when Manon Melis scored twice against Belarus, her 29th and 30th international goals. Melis subsequently lost her record to Vivianne Miedema on 15 June 2019. As of December 2020 de Bakker ranks fifth on the all-time goal scoring list for the Dutch women's football team.

text:
# Marjoke de Bakker

**Marjoke de Bakker** is a former Dutch professional footballer who played as a forward for Kooger Football Club and the Netherlands women's national team, earning 61 caps. For 20 years she was the all-time record goal scorer for her country, having scored 29 times. On 21 August 2010 she lost her record when Manon Melis scored twice against Belarus, her 29th and 30th international goals. Melis subsequently lost her record to Vivianne Miedema on 15 June 2019. As of December 2020 de Bakker ranks fifth on the all-time goal scoring list for the Dutch women's football team.

## International goals

| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | 21 July 1979 | Rimini, Italy | Wales | **1**–0 | 2–0 | 1979 European Competition for Women's Football |
| 2. | 23 July 1979 | | Sweden | **1**–1 | 1–1 | |
| 3. | 13 October 1982 | Groningen, Netherlands | Denmark | **2**–1 | 2–1 | 1984 European Competition for Women's Football qualifying |
| 4. | 28 September 1985 | Zaventem, Belgium | Belgium | **3**–1 | 3–1 | 1987 European Competition for Women's Football qualifying |
| 5. | 26 October 1995 | Cambrai, France | France | **1**–0 | 5–3 | |
| 6. | 18 October 1986 | Hoogeveen, Netherlands | Sweden | **1**–0 | 2–0 | |
| 7. | 7 November 1987 | Nuth, Netherlands | Scotland | **3**–0 | 4–0 | 1989 European Competition for Women's Football qualifying |
| 8. | | | | **4**–0 | | |
| 9. | 29 November 1987 | Dublin, Ireland | Republic of Ireland | **1**–0 | 1–0 | |
| 10. | 1 October 1988 | Valkenswaard, Netherlands | Sweden | **1**–0 | 1–0 | |
| 11. | 22 October 1988 | Horten, Norway | Norway | **1**–2 | 1–2 | |
| 12. | 19 March 1990 | Belfast, Northern Ireland | Northern Ireland | **1**–0 | 6–0 | UEFA Women's Euro 1991 qualifying |
| 13. | | | | **2**–0 | | |
| 14. | 22 September 1990 | Kaatsheuvel, Netherlands | Northern Ireland | **1**–0 | 9–0 | |
| 15. | | | | **2**–0 | | |
| 16. | | | | **4**–0 | | |
| 17. | | | | **7**–0 | | |
|

## InfoBox

Marjoke de Bakker
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1959-11-09) 9 November 1959 | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Kooger Football Club |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1979–1991 | Netherlands | 61 | (29) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Oak Futures

abstract: Oak Futures, or Oak Futures Ltd, were a proprietary trading and electronic market making firm based in City of London, United Kingdom. A Regional Office was located in Bromley, Greater London.

text:
# Oak Futures

**Oak Futures**, or **Oak Futures Ltd**, were a proprietary trading and electronic market making firm based in City of London, United Kingdom. A Regional Office was located in Bromley, Greater London.

## Oak Futures Ltd

### History

The firm was founded in 2009 by Steve J. Roberts and Julian B. Cowley; former International Petroleum Exchange traders in London.

### Description

The firm's business areas incorporated proprietary trading and electronic market making, and specializes in the trading of Financial Futures and Energy Futures across multiple electronic exchanges including Chicago Mercantile Exchange, NYMEX, IntercontinentalExchange and NYSE Euronext and Eurex. In total the firm had connectivity to over 70 global electronic futures exchanges through multiple trading platforms including those from Trading Technologies, IntercontinentalExchange, Stellar Trading Systems and CQG.

The firm specialised in Energy Trading Products predominantly Brent Crude Oil, West Texas Intermediate Crude Oil, Gas Oil, Oman Crude Oil, Emissions and Heating Oil.

### Office Locations

**Oak Futures Ltd** Headquarters was in the City of London, Cheapside. The firm also had regional office in Bromley, Greater London.

### Operations

The firm utilised ULL (Ultra Low Latency) feeds from multiple electronic exchanges located worldwide. These ULL feeds powered their trading technology applications providing DMA (Direct Market Access) coverage across the globe. All products and exchange connectivity was supported by a London-based Electronic Trading Support team.

## InfoBox

Oak Futures Ltd
| Company type | Private |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Capital markets
Proprietary trading
Market maker |
| Founded | 2009 |
| Defunct | 2017 (2017) |
| Headquarters | City of London, United Kingdom |
| Key people | **Steve J. Roberts,** Founding Partner
**Julian B. Cowley,** Head of Market Making
**Dan Cousins,** CEO |
| Services | Financial broker, Online trading, Futures, Options |
| Number of employees | 20+ |
| Website | www.oakfutures.com |


title: Foișorul de Foc

abstract: Foișorul de Foc is a 42 metres high building in Bucharest, Romania, between Obor, Calea Moșilor, and Nerva-Traian. It was used in the past as an observation tower by the firemen. In September 2024, the museum was reopened, the building having undergone restoration, starting from 2021.

text:
# Foișorul de Foc

**Foișorul de Foc** (literally *The Fire Tower*) is a 42 metres (138 feet) high building in Bucharest, Romania, between Obor, Calea Moșilor, and Nerva-Traian. It was used in the past as an observation tower by the firemen.

In September 2024, the museum was reopened, the building having undergone restoration, starting from 2021.

## Background

It was built in 1890, two years after the previous watchtower, Turnul Colței, built in 1715, was demolished. The plans were made by George Mandrea, back then the chief-architect of Bucharest.

Foișorul de Foc had a double role, as it was also designed to be a water tower, too. However, after the building was finished, the local water utility company (*Uzina de Apă Grozăvești*) had no pumps powerful enough to fill it with water.

Foișorul de Foc was used by the firefighters until 1935, when it became ineffective, as more and more high-rise buildings were built in Bucharest, and the introduction of the telephone reduced the need for a watchtower. In 1963, it was turned into a Firefighters' Museum.

44°26′25.20″N 26°7′14.12″E / 44.4403333°N 26.1205889°E / 44.4403333; 26.1205889