title: Pennsylvania Route 851

abstract: Pennsylvania Route 851 is a 32.6-mile-long (52.5 km) state highway located in York County, Pennsylvania. The western terminus is located at PA 516 in the Codorus Township community of Sticks. The eastern terminus is located at PA 74 in Peach Bottom Township. PA 851 is a two-lane undivided road that runs through rural areas in southern York County a short distance to the north of the Maryland border. The route heads east from Sticks to New Freedom, where it turns north and intersects PA 616 in Railroad. PA 851 heads east through Shrewsbury and comes to an interchange with Interstate 83 (I-83). From here, the route heads east and passes through Stewartstown, where it forms a short concurrency with PA 24, and Fawn Grove, where it intersects PA 425, before continuing to its terminus. PA 851 has a truck route, PA 851 Truck, which bypasses the stretch between New Freedom and Shrewsbury. PA 851 was designated in 1928 to run from Woodbine north to PA 74 in Airville. In 1937, PA 851 was realigned to run from U.S. Route 111 at Main Street in Shrewsbury east to PA 74 north of Delta, with the former alignment between Woodbine and Airville becoming an extension of PA 124. The same year, the road between Sticks and New Freedom became an extended PA 516 while the road between New Freedom and Railroad became an extended PA 616. PA 516 was extended east to I-83/US 111 east of Shrewsbury in the 1950s, replacing PA 616 between New Freedom and Railroad and cutting the west end of PA 851 back to the interchange. PA 851 was extended west to PA 516 in Sticks in the 1960s, replacing the part of PA 516 between Sticks and I-83. A roundabout was constructed at PA 74 in 2008.

text:
# Pennsylvania Route 851

**Pennsylvania Route 851** (**PA 851**) is a 32.6-mile-long (52.5 km) state highway located in York County, Pennsylvania. The western terminus is located at PA 516 in the Codorus Township community of Sticks. The eastern terminus is located at PA 74 in Peach Bottom Township.

PA 851 is a two-lane undivided road that runs through rural areas in southern York County a short distance to the north of the Maryland border. The route heads east from Sticks to New Freedom, where it turns north and intersects PA 616 in Railroad. PA 851 heads east through Shrewsbury and comes to an interchange with Interstate 83 (I-83). From here, the route heads east and passes through Stewartstown, where it forms a short concurrency with PA 24, and Fawn Grove, where it intersects PA 425, before continuing to its terminus. PA 851 has a truck route, PA 851 Truck, which bypasses the stretch between New Freedom and Shrewsbury.

PA 851 was designated in 1928 to run from Woodbine north to PA 74 in Airville. In 1937, PA 851 was realigned to run from U.S. Route 111 (US 111) at Main Street in Shrewsbury east to PA 74 north of Delta, with the former alignment between Woodbine and Airville becoming an extension of PA 124 (now PA 425). The same year, the road between Sticks and New Freedom became an extended PA 516 while the road between New Freedom and Railroad became an extended PA 616. PA 516 was extended east to I-83/US 111 east of Shrewsbury in the 1950s, replacing PA 616 between New Freedom and Railroad and cutting the west end of PA 851 back to the interchange. PA 851 was extended west to PA 516 in Sticks in the 1960s, replacing the part of PA 516 between Sticks and I-83. A roundabout was constructed at PA 74 in 2008.

## Route description

PA 851 begins at an intersection with PA 516 just south of PA 216 in the community of Sticks in Codorus Township, York County, heading southeast on Steltz Road. The road winds southeast through farmland with some woods and homes, eventually bending to the south. The route turns east to remain along Steltz Road and runs a short distance to the north of the Maryland border, passing through the community of Steitz and crossing into Shrewsbury Township. PA 851 turns northeast away from the state line and continues through a mix of farm fields and woodland with occasional residences. The road curves east and then southeast before it makes a sharp turn to the northeast.

The route becomes the border between Shrewsbury Township to the west and the borough of New Freedom to the east, passing between farmland to the west and residential neighborhoods to the east. PA 851 curves east to fully enter New Freedom and turns southeast onto West Main Street, passing a mix of homes and businesses. The route turns northeast onto North 2nd Street, with PA 851 Truck continuing east along West Main Street, and continues through residential areas. The road curves north into wooded areas and runs to the west of Old Mill Creek, the Northern Central Railway of York tourist railroad, and the York County Heritage Rail Trail. PA 851 crosses into the borough of Railroad and becomes South Main Street, quickly turning west and then north as it runs through a mix of woods and residences. The route comes to an intersection with the southern terminus of PA 616, at which point it turns east onto East Main Street and crosses the South Branch Codorus Creek and both the Northern Central Railway of York line and the York County Heritage Rail Trail. The road continues through wooded areas with some homes before leaving Railroad for Shrewsbury Township and turning northeast through farm fields.

PA 851 enters the borough of Shrewsbury and becomes West Railroad Avenue, passing residences with some farmland to the south. The route turns north onto Park Avenue before heading east along West Forrest Avenue. PA 851 runs past homes and businesses in the center of Shrewsbury and crosses Main Street, where PA 851 Truck returns to the route. Past this intersection, the road becomes East Forrest Avenue and runs past more residences before gaining a center left-turn lane and heading through business areas along the border between Shrewsbury to the north and Shrewsbury Township to the south. The route fully enters Shrewsbury Township and comes to a diverging diamond interchange with I-83. Following this interchange, PA 851 runs past more commercial establishments before narrowing to two lanes and heading southeast, passing to the north of a park and ride lot. The route heads into farmland with some woods and homes parallel to Deer Creek to the northeast. The road curves east and crosses Deer Creek into Hopewell Township, continuing through rural areas with some development as Bridgeview Road. The route passes through the communities of Orwig, Reimold, and Zeigler before it runs through residential areas and heads into the borough of Stewartstown. Here, PA 851 becomes North Hill Street and heads southeast through industrial and commercial areas, crossing the Stewartstown Railroad. The route passes homes and some businesses, turning east onto West Pennsylvania Avenue and continuing to an intersection with PA 24 in the center of Stewartstown. At this point, PA 851 turns south for a concurrency with PA 24 on North Main Street for a block. PA 851 splits from PA 24 by heading east onto College Avenue, heading through residential areas.

The route leaves Stewartstown for Hopewell Township again and becomes Pleasant Valley Road, running through agricultural areas with occasional trees and homes. PA 851 curves northeast before it turns southeast onto Woolen Mill Road and winds through a mix of farmland and woodland with some homes. The road crosses the South Branch Muddy Creek into Fawn Township and continues through rural areas, curving east to pass through residential areas in the community of New Park. The route becomes West Main Street and runs through farmland with some trees and development, bending southeast as it passes south of Kennard-Dale High School and entering the borough of Fawn Grove. PA 851 runs between homes to the north and farm fields to the south before running past residences and businesses in the center of the borough, where it intersects the southern terminus of PA 425.

At this point, the road becomes East Main Street and heads east past more homes before passing through a mix of residences and farmland. The route heads back into Fawn Township and becomes Graceton Road, heading southeast through agricultural areas with some woods and homes. The road curves east and runs immediately to the north of the Maryland border. In the community of Constitution, PA 851 turns north away from the state line onto Bryansville Road, while Graceton Road continues along the state line as State Route 2080 (SR 2080), an unsigned quadrant route, before curving into Maryland and becoming Maryland Route 624. PA 851 heads through farmland with some woods and homes and bends northeast, crossing into Peach Bottom Township. The road continues through rural land and turns to the east at the Five Forks intersection with Miller Road, Hushon Road, and Aubel Road, passing to the south of the residential development of Susquehanna Trails. The route winds east through forests before running through farm fields with some homes and passing through the community of Bryansville. The road winds northeast through forests, turning southeast in the community of Bryansville Station. PA 851 continues through fields with some development before it comes to its eastern terminus at a roundabout with PA 74, where SR 2045 (Broad Street) continues southeast towards the borough of Delta.

## History

When Pennsylvania legislated routes in 1911, what is now PA 851 was not given a number. PA 851 was designated in 1928 to run from Woodbine as a related route to former PA 51 (now PA 16), north to PA 74 in Airville along an unpaved road. By this time, the road between New Park and Fawn Grove was an unnumbered, paved road while the road between Fawn Grove and Constitution was an unnumbered, unpaved road.

By 1930, the road between Sticks and the Maryland border and New Freedom and Railroad were unnumbered, unpaved roads while the road between Railroad and Shrewsbury was an unnumbered, paved road. In 1937, PA 851 was rerouted to run from US 111 (Main Street) in Shrewsbury east to PA 74 north of Delta. The former alignment of the route between Woodbine and Airville became part of a southern extension of PA 124 to Fawn Grove; this road is now part of PA 425. In addition, the road between Sticks and New Freedom became an eastern extension of PA 516 while the road between New Freedom and Railroad became part of a southern extension of PA 616.

The entire length of PA 851 was paved in the 1930s except for a portion to the west of New Park. In addition, PA 516 was a paved road between Sticks and New Freedom while PA 616 was a paved road between New Freedom and Railroad. The unpaved section of PA 851 to the west of New Park was paved in the 1940s.

During the 1950s, PA 516 was extended east to an interchange with I-83/US 111 east of Shrewsbury, replacing the portion of PA 616 between New Freedom and Railroad along with PA 851 between Main Street in Shrewsbury and the interchange; the west end of PA 851 was relocated to the I-83/US 111 interchange. PA 851 was extended west to PA 516 in Sticks in 1961 in order to provide a numbered route at the interchange with I-83, replacing the portion of PA 516 between Sticks and I-83.

In May 2008, construction of a roundabout at PA 74 was completed, replacing an X-shaped intersection which saw a high number of crashes.

The interchange with I-83 near Shrewsbury was reconstructed into a diverging diamond interchange, which opened to traffic on June 28, 2021.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in York County.

| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Codorus Township | 0.000 | 0.000 | PA 516 (Lineboro Road / Jefferson Road) Lineboro, Spring Grove | Western terminus |
| New Freedom | 7.513 | 12.091 |

PA 851 Truck east (Main Street) Baltimore | Western terminus of PA 851 Truck |
| Railroad | 9.143 | 14.714 |
PA 616 north (Main Street) Glen Rock | Southern terminus of PA 616 |
| Shrewsbury | 10.501 | 16.900 |

PA 851 Truck west (Main Street) | Eastern terminus of PA 851 Truck |
| Shrewsbury Township | 11.196 | 18.018 | I-83 Baltimore, York | Exit 4 (I-83) |
| Stewartstown | 15.664 | 25.209 |
PA 24 north (Main Street) | Western end of PA 24 concurrency |
| | 15.770 | 25.379 |
PA 24 south (Main Street) | Eastern end of PA 24 concurrency |
| Fawn Grove | 24.679 | 39.717 |
PA 425 north (Market Street) Gatchellville, Woodbine | Southern terminus of PA 425 |
| Peach Bottom Township | 32.592 | 52.452 | PA 74 (Delta Road) Red Lion, Baltimore | Roundabout; eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

## PA 851 Truck

| Pennsylvania Route 851 Truck | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | York County, Pennsylvania |
| Length | 2.959 mi (4.762 km) |
| Existed | 1995–present |

**Pennsylvania Route 851 Truck** (**PA 851 Truck**) is a 3.0-mile-long (4.8 km) truck route of PA 851 between New Freedom and Shrewsbury. The truck route heads southeast from PA 851 in the center of the borough of New Freedom along two-lane undivided West Main Street. The road passes homes and businesses, becoming East Main Street at the Front Street intersection and crossing the Steam into History tourist railroad and the York County Heritage Rail Trail. PA 851 Truck continues through residential areas and turns northeast onto North Constitution Avenue. The road passes near industrial buildings before it leaves New Freedom for Shrewsbury Township and runs through a mix of fields and woods. The truck route enters the borough of Shrewsbury and becomes Constitution Avenue, curving east into business areas. PA 851 Truck turns north onto South Main Street and passes homes and a few businesses, crossing the abandoned Stewartstown Railroad. The road is lined with residences as it continues into the center of Shrewsbury. Here, PA 851 Truck reaches its eastern terminus at an intersection with PA 851. PA 851 Truck was designated in 1995.

Template:Attached KML/Pennsylvania Route 851KML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| Pennsylvania Route 851 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by PennDOT | |
| Length | 32.592 mi (52.452 km) |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | PA 516 in Codorus Township |
| Major intersections | PA 616 in Railroad
I-83 near Shrewsbury
PA 24 in Stewartstown
PA 425 in Fawn Grove |
| East end | PA 74 in Peach Bottom Township |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Pennsylvania |
| Counties | York |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| PA 850   PA 852 | |


title: Quincy Wilson (cornerback)

abstract: Quincy Wilson is an American football cornerback who is a free agent. He played college football at Florida.

text:
# Quincy Wilson (cornerback)

**Quincy Wilson** (born August 16, 1996) is an American football cornerback who is a free agent. He played college football at Florida.

## Early years

Wilson attended the University School of Nova Southeastern University in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. During his high school football career, he had 77 tackles and six interceptions. He committed to the University of Florida to play college football.

## College career

As a freshman at Florida in 2014, Wilson played in all 12 games and made two starts. He recorded 22 tackles and an interception. As a sophomore in 2015, he played in all 14 games with nine starts and recorded 26 tackles and two interceptions. He returned as a starter his junior year in 2016. As a junior in 2016, Wilson played 13 games with 33 tackles, a sack, three interceptions, and six passes defended. Wilson had one of the quickest rises of any draft prospect in 2016. Prior to 2016, Wilson played a reserve role behind Vernon Hargreaves III, Brian Poole, and Teez Tabor. After the departure of Hargreaves, Wilson displayed great coverage skills and athleticism. In a single season, Wilson went from a largely unknown prospect to a possible first round pick. After the season, Wilson decided to forgo his senior year and enter the 2017 NFL draft.

## Professional career

### Pre-draft

Wilson was one of 60 collegiate defensive backs to attend the NFL Scouting Combine in Indianapolis, Indiana. He completed all the combine drills and finished first among all defensive backs in the short shuttle and 14th in the three-cone drill. On March 28, 2017, Wilson attended Florida's pro day, but opted to stand on his combine numbers and only run coverage and receiving drills as scouts and team representatives from 28 NFL teams attended, including New England Patriots' head coach Bill Belichick. Wilson attended private workouts and visits with multiple teams, including the Dallas Cowboys, Philadelphia Eagles, and Cleveland Browns. At the conclusion of the pre-draft process, Wilson was projected to be a second round pick by NFL draft experts and scouts. He was ranked the second best cornerback prospect in the draft by *Sports Illustrated*, was ranked the sixth best cornerback by ESPN, was ranked the eighth best cornerback by NFLDraftScout.com, and was ranked the ninth best cornerback prospect in the draft by NFL analyst Mike Mayock.

Pre-draft measurables
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6 ft 1+12 in
(1.87 m) | 211 lb
(96 kg) | 32+14 in
(0.82 m) | 9+58 in
(0.24 m) | 4.54 s | 1.58 s | 2.65 s | **4.02** s | 6.86 s | 32 in
(0.81 m) | 9 ft 10 in
(3.00 m) | 14 reps |
| **Bold** denotes Combine top performer
All values from NFL Scouting Combine | | | | | | | | | | | | |

### Indianapolis Colts

The Indianapolis Colts selected Wilson in the second round (46th overall) of the 2017 NFL Draft. He was the eighth cornerback selected and was the first of two cornerbacks the Colts drafted in 2017, ahead of fifth round pick Nate Hairston. On May 11, 2017, the Colts signed Wilson to a four-year, $5.76 million contract that includes $3.06 million guaranteed and a signing bonus of $2.33 million.

Throughout training camp, Wilson competed against veteran journeyman Rashaan Melvin for the job as the No. 2 starting cornerback after it was left vacant by the departure of Patrick Robinson in free agency. Head coach Chuck Pagano named Wilson the third cornerback on the depth chart behind Vontae Davis and Rashaan Melvin.

He made his professional regular season debut in the Colts' season-opener at the Los Angeles Rams and recorded one tackle in their 46–9 loss. The following week, he earned his first career start in place of Vontae Davis, who missed the first three games due to a groin injury. Wilson collected two combined tackles and two pass break ups during a 16–13 loss to the Arizona Cardinals. Wilson aggravated a knee injury he suffered during the preseason before the Colts' Week 3 victory over the Browns. He missed the following ten games (Weeks 3-12). Wilson recovered from his knee injury prior to Week 6, but remained inactive. Head coach Chuck Pagano stated Wilson was a healthy scratch due to his inability to play special teams, but it was speculated this was a minor contributing factor to his absence and when Wilson was asked why he was inactive he stated, "I don't know." Wilson remained a healthy scratch after the Colts released starting cornerback Vontae Davis after Week 9 and finally returned in Week 13 after injuries to Rashaan Melvin and Pierre Desir depleted their options at cornerback. He was named the starting cornerback along with rookie Nate Hairston after Melvin and Desir missed the remaining four games of the regular season. On December 14, 2017, Wilson recorded a season-high eight combined tackles during a 25–13 loss to the Denver Broncos. In Week 17, he started his fourth consecutive game and recorded two solo tackles, a pass deflection, and made his first career interception on quarterback T. J. Yates in the Colts' 22–13 victory against the Houston Texans. He finished his rookie season in 2017 with 22 combined tackles (19 solo), six pass deflections, and an interception in seven games and five starts. The Indianapolis Colts finished third in the AFC South with a 4-12 record and head coach Chuck Pagano was fired after the season.

### New York Jets

On April 25, 2020, Wilson was traded to the New York Jets in exchange for the 211th pick in the 2020 NFL draft. He played in three games before getting waived on November 6, 2020.

### New York Giants

On November 17, 2020, Wilson was signed to the practice squad of the New York Giants. He was elevated to the active roster on December 19 for the team's week 15 game against the Browns, and reverted to the practice squad after the game. He signed a reserve/future contract on January 4, 2021. He was placed on injured reserve on August 24, 2021. He was released on December 17.

### Miami Dolphins

On January 20, 2022, Wilson signed a reserve/future contract with the Miami Dolphins. He was released on August 29, 2022.

### Pittsburgh Steelers

On September 21, 2022, Wilson was signed to the Pittsburgh Steelers practice squad. He was released on November 22.

### Houston Roughnecks

On December 18, 2023, Wilson was signed by the Houston Roughnecks of the XFL.

### San Antonio Brahmas

On January 5, 2024, Wilson was drafted by the San Antonio Brahmas during the 2024 UFL dispersal draft. He was placed on injured reserve on March 18, 2024. He was waived on August 23, 2024.

## NFL career statistics

| Year | Team | Games | | Tackles | | | | Interceptions | | | | | | Fumbles | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | GP | GS | Cmb | Solo | Ast | Sck | PD | Int | Yds | Avg | Lng | TD | FF | FR |
| 2017 | IND | 7 | 5 | 25 | 22 | 3 | 0.0 | 6 | 1 | 33 | 33.0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2018 | IND | 13 | 5 | 28 | 20 | 8 | 0.0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 2019 | IND | 9 | 0 | 11 | 9 | 2 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2020 | NYJ | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | NYG | 0 | 0 | DNP | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2022 | PIT | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | | 33 | 11 | 65 | 52 | 13 | 0.0 | 8 | 2 | 33 | 33.0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 1 |

## InfoBox

Quincy Wilson
| Wilson with the New York Giants in 2021 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1996-08-16) August 16, 1996
Fort Lauderdale, Florida, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) |
| Weight: | 193 lb (88 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | NSU University School
(Fort Lauderdale, Florida) |
| College: | Florida (2014–2016) |
| Position: | Cornerback |
| NFL draft: | 2017 / round: 2 / pick: 46 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
| * Offseason and/or practice squad member only | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Total tackles: 62  Fumble recoveries: 1  Pass deflections: 8  Interceptions: 2 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Mohammed Lashaf

abstract: Mohammed Lashaf is a retired Moroccan football midfielder.

text:
# Mohammed Lashaf

**Mohammed Lashaf** (born 7 October 1967) is a retired Moroccan football midfielder.

## InfoBox

Mohammed Lashaf
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1967-10-07) 7 October 1967 | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1983–1989 | Royal Antwerp |  |  |
| 1989–1990 | Racing Jet Wavre |  |  |
| 1990–1991 | Royal Antwerp |  |  |
| 1991–1995 | Standard Liège |  |  |
| 1995–1996 | FC Gueugnon |  |  |
| 1999–2000 | Racing Jet Wavre |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1989–1993 | Morocco | 5 | (2) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Quintín Lame

abstract: Manuel Quintín Lame Chantre (1880–1967) was a Colombian indigenous rebel from the early 20th century who tried to form an independent indigenous republic. He was born in El Borbollón, Cauca, son of Mariano Lame, of Paez origin, and Dolores Chantre, of mixed indigenous origins. During the war of 1885, his sister Licenia, was raped. His brother Feliciano was killed in the Thousand Days' War. In 1901, he joined the army of the Colombian Conservative Party. In 1911, he started the Indigenous Movement. In 1914, he tried to establish the Republic of Indigenas, formed by Cauca, Tolima, Huila and Valle. Because of this, he was arrested. His movement grew and became the "Guerra Racial". In 1921, after spending three years in jail, he joined the Tolima movement. In 1924, he wrote the book El pensamiento del indio que se educó en las selvas colombianas. He died in 1967 in Ortega, Tolima.

text:
# Quintín Lame

**Manuel Quintín Lame Chantre** (18801967) was a Colombian indigenous rebel from the early 20th century who tried to form an independent indigenous republic.

He was born in El Borbollón, Cauca, son of Mariano Lame, of Paez origin, and Dolores Chantre, of mixed indigenous origins. During the war of 1885, his sister Licenia, was raped. His brother Feliciano was killed in the Thousand Days' War. In 1901, he joined the army of the Colombian Conservative Party. In 1911, he started the Indigenous Movement. In 1914, he tried to establish the Republic of Indigenas, formed by Cauca, Tolima, Huila and Valle. Because of this, he was arrested. His movement grew and became the "Guerra Racial". In 1921, after spending three years in jail, he joined the Tolima movement. In 1924, he wrote the book *El pensamiento del indio que se educó en las selvas colombianas*. He died in 1967 in Ortega, Tolima.

## Bibliography

* LAME CHANTRE, Manuel Quintín. Los pensamientos del indio que se educó en las selvas colombianas \[1939\]. Bogotá, Funcol, s.f.
* LAME, MANUEL QUINTÍN. Las luchas del indio que bajó de la montaña al valle de la "civilización". Selección y notas, Gonzalo Castillo Cárdenas. Bogotá, Rosca de Investigación y Acción Social, 1973.
* TELLO, Piedad, LAME, MANUEL QUINTÍN, in *Gran Enciclopedia de Colombia del Círculo de Lectores, tomo de biografías*
* TELLO, Piedad L. "Vida y lucha de Manuel Quintín Lame". Tesis de Grado, Departamento de Antropología, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, 1983.
* CASTRILLÓN ARBOLEDA, Diego. El Indio Quintín Lame. Bogotá, Tercer Mundo, 1971.

## InfoBox

| Manuel Quintín Lame Chantre | |
| --- | --- |
| Quintín Lame photographed here in the center smoking during his arrest. | |
| Born | (1880-10-23)October 23, 1880
Cauca, United States of Colombia |
| Died | October 7, 1967(1967-10-07) (aged 86)
Ortega, Tolima, Colombia |
| Nationality | Colombian |
| Other names | Juan Quintín Lame |
| Known for | Leader of Indigenous Movements |
| Political party | Conservative |
| Spouse(s) | Pioquinta León (1911-1917)
Benilda León |
| Parent(s) | Manuel Lame and Dolores Chantre |
|  | |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance | Army of Colombia |
| Years of service | 1901-1903 |
| Battles/wars | Thousand Days' War |
|  | |


title: WVIW

abstract: WVIW is a Christian formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Bridgeport, West Virginia, serving North-Central West Virginia. WVIW is owned and operated by VCY America.

text:
# WVIW

**WVIW** is a Christian formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Bridgeport, West Virginia, serving North-Central West Virginia. WVIW is owned and operated by VCY America.

## History

From 1960 until 2001, the station held the call sign WIJK. In 2009, it was under the KISS brand as WDCI-FM with a soft adult contemporary format. WETT changed its callsign from WDCI to WETT on April 29, 2010. In summer of 2010, its format was changed to adult hits as WETT 104. From 2012 to 2017 WETT became an adult contemporary Radio under the Name Mix 104. An the end of 2017, it adopted a Christian format. In December 2017 WETT's call sign was changed to WVIW.

## InfoBox

WVIW
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | North-Central West Virginia |
| Frequency | 104.1 FM MHz |
| Programming | |
| Format | Christian radio |
| Network | VCY America |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | VCY America, Inc. |
| History | |
| First air date | June 29, 1991 |
| Former call signs | WDCI (1988–2010)<br>WETT (2010–2017) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 17065 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 2,450 Watts |
| HAAT | 158 meters (518 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 39°17′59.0″N 80°17′30.0″W / 39.299722°N 80.291667°W / 39.299722; -80.291667 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen live |
| Website | www.vcyamerica.org |


abstract: New York's 115th State Assembly district is one of the 150 districts in the New York State Assembly. It has been represented by Billy Jones since 2017.

text:
# New York's 115th State Assembly district

**New York's 115th State Assembly district** is one of the 150 districts in the New York State Assembly. It has been represented by Billy Jones since 2017.

## Geography

District 115 is the northernmost district in the state. It encompasses the entirety of Clinton County, Franklin County and the towns of St. Armand, Wilmington, North Elba and Keene in Essex County.

### 2010s

District 115 encompassed the entirety of Clinton County, Franklin County and the towns of Brasher, Hopkinton, Lawrence and Piercefield in St. Lawrence County.

## Recent election results

### 2024

2024 New York State Assembly election, District 115
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | Billy Jones (incumbent) |  |  |
|  | Write-in | |  |  |
| Total votes | | |  | **100.0** |

### 2022

2022 New York State Assembly election, District 115
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | *Billy Jones* | 21,132 |  |
|  | Broadband Now | *Billy Jones* | 526 |  |
|  | **Total** | **Billy Jones (incumbent)** | **21,658** | **61.1** |
|  | Republican | *Stephen Chilton III* | 10,645 |  |
|  | Conservative | *Stephen Chilton III* | 955 |  |
|  | Total | Stephen Chilton III | 11,600 | 34.9 |
|  | Write-in | | 14 | 0.0 |
| Total votes | | | **33,272** | **100.0** |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | |

### 2020

2020 New York State Assembly election, District 115
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | *Billy Jones* | 32,265 |  |
|  | Working Families | *Billy Jones* | 6,930 |  |
|  | Independence | *Billy Jones* | 3,895 |  |
|  | **Total** | **Billy Jones (incumbent)** | **43,090** | **99.5** |
|  | Write-in | | 236 | 0.5 |
| Total votes | | | **43,326** | **100.0** |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | |

### 2018

2018 New York State Assembly election, District 115
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | *Billy Jones* | 26,688 |  |
|  | Independence | *Billy Jones* | 2,650 |  |
|  | Working Families | *Billy Jones* | 2,620 |  |
|  | **Total** | **Billy Jones (incumbent)** | **31,958** | **99.6** |
|  | Write-in | | 123 | 0.4 |
| Total votes | | | **32,081** | **100.0** |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | |

### 2016

2016 New York State Assembly election, District 115
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | *Billy Jones* | 23,423 |  |
|  | Working Families | *Billy Jones* | 2,046 |  |
|  | Women's Equality | *Billy Jones* | 503 |  |
|  | **Total** | **Billy Jones** | **25,972** | **52.5** |
|  | Republican | *Kevin Mulverhill* | 21,518 |  |
|  | Independence | *Kevin Mulverhill* | 1,553 |  |
|  | Reform | *Kevin Mulverhill* | 182 |  |
|  | Total | Kevin Mulverhill | 23,523 | 47.5 |
|  | Write-in | | 23 | 0.0 |
| Total votes | | | **49,518** | **100.0** |
|  | Democratic **gain** from Republican | | | |

### 2014

2014 New York State Assembly election, District 115
| Primary election | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | **Republican** | **Janet Duprey (incumbent)** | **1,896** | **53.1** |
|  | Republican | Karen Bisso | 1,676 | 46.9 |
|  | Write-in | | 0 | 0.0 |
| Total votes | | | **3,572** | **100** |
| General election | | | | |
|  | Republican | *Janet Duprey* | 15,061 |  |
|  | Independence | *Janet Duprey* | 3,752 |  |
|  | **Total** | **Janet Duprey (incumbent)** | **18,813** | **65.3** |
|  | Conservative | Karen Bisso | 9,977 | 34.6 |
|  | Write-in | | 39 | 0.1 |
| Total votes | | | **28,829** | **100.0** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

### 2012

2012 New York State Assembly election, District 115
| Primary election | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | **Republican** | **Janet Duprey** | **1,584** | **49.5** |
|  | Republican | Karen Bisso | 972 | 30.4 |
|  | Republican | David Kimmel | 642 | 20.1 |
|  | Write-in | | 0 | 0.0 |
| Total votes | | | **3,198** | **100** |
| General election | | | | |
|  | Republican | *Janet Duprey* | 21,246 |  |
|  | Independence | *Janet Duprey* | 3,040 |  |
|  | **Total** | **Janet Duprey** | **24,286** | **53.0** |
|  | Democratic | Timothy Carpenter | 11,971 | 26.1 |
|  | Conservative | Karen Bisso | 9,576 | 20.9 |
|  | Write-in | | 15 | 0.0 |
| Total votes | | | **45,848** | **100.0** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

## InfoBox

| New York's 115th
State Assembly district | |
| --- | --- |
| --- | |
| Assemblymember | Billy Jones
Chateaugay |


title: QJY-201

abstract: The QJY-201, is a Chinese general purpose machine gun designed and manufactured by Norinco for the People's Liberation Army. The weapon is publicly unveiled at Zhuhai Airshow in September 2021. The weapon is chambered with the DJP-201 7.62×51mm cartridge, and features an unusual open-bolt, hybrid long stroke, short recoil operation. The medium machinegun features weight reduction design, such as lightweight material for the body and detachable box magazine made of fabric, reducing the weight to less than 8 kg when empty.

text:
# QJY-201

The **QJY-201** (Chinese: 201式通用机枪; pinyin: *Èr líng yāo shì tōngyòng jīqiāng*), is a Chinese general purpose machine gun designed and manufactured by Norinco for the People's Liberation Army. The weapon is publicly unveiled at Zhuhai Airshow in September 2021. The weapon is chambered with the DJP-201 7.62×51mm cartridge, and features an unusual open-bolt, hybrid long stroke, short recoil operation. The medium machinegun features weight reduction design, such as lightweight material for the body and detachable box magazine made of fabric, reducing the weight to less than 8 kg (17.6 lb) when empty.

## Users

## InfoBox

| QJY-201 | |
| --- | --- |
| QJY-201 displayed at Airshow China 2022 | |
| Type | General purpose machine gun |
| Place of origin | China |
| Service history | |
| In service | 2020-present |
| Used by | People's Liberation Army |
| Production history | |
| Designed | 2010s |
| Manufacturer | Norinco |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | ＜8 kg (17.6 lb) (empty) |
| --- | |
| Cartridge | 7.62×51mm DJP-201 |
| Action | hybrid short-recoil and long-stroke piston |
| Feed system | belt-fed |
| Sights | optical telescopic sights |


title: Oliva rufofulgurata

abstract: Oliva rufofulgurata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Olividae, the olives.

text:
# Oliva rufofulgurata

***Oliva rufofulgurata*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Olividae, the olives.

## Description

## Distribution

## InfoBox

| *Oliva rufofulgurata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Olividae |
| Genus: | *Oliva* |
| Species: | ***O. rufofulgurata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oliva rufofulgurata***<br>Schepman, 1904 | |
|


title: Gillams, Newfoundland and Labrador

abstract: Gillams is a town located north west of the city of Corner Brook in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.

text:
# Gillams, Newfoundland and Labrador

**Gillams** is a town located north west of the city of Corner Brook in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Gillams had a population of 506 living in 213 of its 226 total private dwellings, a change of 23.4% from its 2016 population of 410. With a land area of 6.72 km2 (2.59 sq mi), it had a population density of 75.3/km2 (195.0/sq mi) in 2021.

49°00′56″N 58°04′09″W / 49.0156°N 58.0691°W / 49.0156; -58.0691

## InfoBox

| Gillams | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Newfoundland and Labrador |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 506 |
| Time zone | UTC-3:30 (Newfoundland Time) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-2:30 (Newfoundland Daylight) |
| Area code | 709 |
| Highways | Route 440 |


title: Ismael Romero

abstract: Ismael Romero Fernández is a Cuban-Puerto Rican professional basketball player for the Mets de Guaynabo of the Baloncesto Superior Nacional (BSN), and the Puerto Rican national team. Romero formerly represented the Cuban national team. He played college basketball for Universidad del Turabo from Puerto Rico.

text:
# Ismael Romero

**Ismael Romero Fernández** (born June 23, 1991) is a Cuban-Puerto Rican professional basketball player for the Mets de Guaynabo of the Baloncesto Superior Nacional (BSN), and the Puerto Rican national team. Romero formerly represented the Cuban national team. He played college basketball for Universidad del Turabo from Puerto Rico.

## College career

After leaving Cuba, Romero attended the Universidad del Turabo of Puerto Rico where he helped his team to win, undefeated, the Liga Atlética Interuniversitaria de Puerto Rico (LAI) in 2014.

## Professional career

In 2007, Romero joined local team Villa Clara, where he played for four seasons. On October 31, he was selected by the Grand Rapids Drive in the fourth round of the 2015 NBA Development League Draft. On January 28, 2016, he made his D-League debut in a 90–87 win over the Iowa Energy, recording one point and one rebound in seven minutes. On March 20, 2016, Romero had a double-double in a 102–97 win over the Fort Wayne Mad Ants, finishing with 13 points, 14 rebounds and three steals, including nine points in the fourth quarter. In 27 games, he averaged 5.4 points and 4.9 rebounds per game.

On April 6, 2016, Romero signed with Atléticos de San Germán of the Puerto Rican League. The next day, he made his debut for San Germán in a 90–75 loss to Vaqueros de Bayamón, recording 11 points, three rebounds, three assists and one steal in 17 minutes. On May 26, he was named the BSN Rookie of the Year. In 17 games, he averaged 13.0 points, 5.1 rebounds, 1.4 assists and 1.2 steals in 24.1 minutes.

On August 30, 2016, Romero signed with Mexican team Panteras de Aguascalientes. In 24 games, he averaged 18.3 points, 8.0 rebounds, 1.2 assists and 0.8 steals in 23.8 minutes.

On January 4, 2017, Romero was reacquired by the Grand Rapids Drive. Two days later, he made his season debut for Grand Rapids in a 126–124 win over the Santa Cruz Warriors, recording six points, eight rebounds, one steal and two blocks in nine minutes off the bench. On April 1, 2017, Romero signed with Atléticos de San Germán, returning to the team for a second stint.

On July 7, 2017, Romero signed with Hapoel Haifa B.C., Israeli basketball team that play in the Liga Leumit.

## International career

When Romero was 19, he played with the Cuba national basketball team at the 2012 Centrobasket, playing in an 81–61 loss against Bahamas. That very night, Romero, along with four other players of the Cuban selection, abandoned the team and asked for political asylum in Puerto Rico.

On September 13, 2021, the Puerto Rican Basketball Federation announced that they had initiated the naturalization process with FIBA for Romero to be able to represent the Puerto Rican national basketball team. On October 5, 2021, FIBA authorized the request for Romero's naturalization making him eligible to represent Puerto Rico in future competitions.

## Awards and accomplishments

### Club

Vaqueros de Bayamón Quimsa

### Individual

## InfoBox

Ismael Romero
| Romero with Puerto Rico during the qualifiers for the 2023 World Cup | |
| --- | --- |
| No. 28  Mets de Guaynabo | |
| Position | Power forward / center |
| League | BSN |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1991-06-23) June 23, 1991<br>Santa Clara, Cuba |
| Nationality | Cuban / Puerto Rican |
| Listed height | 6 ft 9 in (2.06 m) |
| Listed weight | 220 lb (100 kg) |
| Career information | |
| College | Universidad del Turabo (2011–2015) |
| NBA draft | 2013: undrafted |
| Playing career | 2015–present |
| Career history | |
| 2007–2011 | Villa Clara |
| 2015–2016 | Grand Rapids Gold |
| 2016 | Atléticos de San Germán |
| 2016 | Panteras de Aguascalientes |
| 2017 | Grand Rapids Drive |
| 2017 | Atléticos de San Germán |
| 2017–2019 | Vaqueros de Bayamón |
| 2019–2021 | Quimsa |
| 2021–2022 | Real Estelí |
| 2022–2023 | Libertadores de Querétaro |
| 2023–2024 | Vaqueros de Bayamón |
| 2024–present | Mets de Guaynabo |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
| * BCL Americas champion (2020) * BCL Americas scoring leader (2023) * BCL Americas rebounding leader (2022) * BSN champion (2020, 2022) * BSN Rookie of the Year (2016) * LSB Rookie of the Year (2011) | |
|  | |


title: Peralejos de Arriba

abstract: Peralejos de Arriba is a municipality located in the province of Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain. As of 2016, the municipality has a population of 62 inhabitants.

text:
# Peralejos de Arriba

**Peralejos de Arriba** is a municipality located in the province of Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain. As of 2016, the municipality has a population of 62 inhabitants.

## InfoBox

| Peralejos de Arriba | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Location in Salamanca | |
| Peralejos de ArribaLocation in Spain | |
| Coordinates: 41°00′20″N 6°21′21″W / 41.00556°N 6.35583°W / 41.00556; -6.35583 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Castile and León |
| Province | Salamanca |
| Comarca | Vitigudino |
| Subcomarca | Tierra de Vitigudino |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Gregorio Rodríguez López (People's Party) |
| Area | |
| Total | 33 km2 (13 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 789 m (2,589 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 39 |
| Density | 1.2/km2 (3.1/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 37216 |


title: Mohammed Lawal (footballer)

abstract: Mohammed Lawal is a Nigerian footballer. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1968 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Mohammed Lawal (footballer)

**Mohammed Lawal** (born 23 September 1939) is a Nigerian footballer. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1968 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

Mohammed Lawal
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1939-09-23) 23 September 1939 | | |
| Place of birth | Kaduna, Nigeria | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Stationery Stores |  |  |
| 1975 | Rochester Lancers | 5 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 1968–1969 | Nigeria | 7 | (3) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Qutrit

abstract: A qutrit is a unit of quantum information that is realized by a 3-level quantum system, that may be in a superposition of three mutually orthogonal quantum states. The qutrit is analogous to the classical radix-3 trit, just as the qubit, a quantum system described by a superposition of two orthogonal states, is analogous to the classical radix-2 bit. There is ongoing work to develop quantum computers using qutrits and qudits in general.

text:
# Qutrit

A **qutrit** (or **quantum trit**) is a unit of quantum information that is realized by a 3-level quantum system, that may be in a superposition of three mutually orthogonal quantum states.

The qutrit is analogous to the classical radix-3 trit, just as the qubit, a quantum system described by a superposition of two orthogonal states, is analogous to the classical radix-2 bit.

There is ongoing work to develop quantum computers using qutrits and qudits in general.

## Representation

A qutrit has three orthonormal basis states or vectors, often denoted $|0\rangle $, $|1\rangle $, and $|2\rangle $ in Dirac or bra–ket notation. These are used to describe the qutrit as a superposition state vector in the form of a linear combination of the three orthonormal basis states:

$|\psi \rangle =\alpha |0\rangle +\beta |1\rangle +\gamma |2\rangle $,

where the coefficients are complex probability amplitudes, such that the sum of their squares is unity (normalization):

$$|\alpha |^{2}+|\beta |^{2}+|\gamma |^{2}=1\\,$$

The qubit's orthonormal basis states $\\{|0\rangle ,|1\rangle \\}$ span the two-dimensional complex Hilbert space $H\_{2}$, corresponding to spin-up and spin-down of a spin-1/2 particle. Qutrits require a Hilbert space of higher dimension, namely the three-dimensional $H\_{3}$ spanned by the qutrit's basis $\\{|0\rangle ,|1\rangle ,|2\rangle \\}$, which can be realized by a three-level quantum system.

An *n*-qutrit register can represent 3*n* different states simultaneously, i.e., a superposition state vector in 3*n*-dimensional complex Hilbert space.

Qutrits have several peculiar features when used for storing quantum information. For example, they are more robust to decoherence under certain environmental interactions. In reality, manipulating qutrits directly might be tricky, and one way to do that is by using an entanglement with a qubit.

## Qutrit quantum gates

The quantum logic gates operating on single qutrits are $3\times 3$ unitary matrices and gates that act on registers of $n$ qutrits are $3^{n}\times 3^{n}$ unitary matrices (the elements of the unitary groups U(3) and U(3n) respectively).

The rotation operator gates for SU(3) are $\operatorname {Rot} (\Theta \_{1},\Theta \_{2},\dots ,\Theta \_{8})=\exp \left(-i\sum \_{a=1}^{8}\Theta \_{a}{\frac {\lambda \_{a}{2}\right)}}$, where $\lambda \_{a}$ is the *a*'th Gell-Mann matrix, and $\Theta \_{a}$ is a real value (with period $4\pi $). The Lie algebra of the matrix exponential is provided here. The same rotation operators are used for gluon interactions, where the three basis states are the three colors ( $|0\rangle ={\text{red},|1\rangle ={\text{green},|2\rangle ={\text{blue}}}}$) of the strong interaction.

The global phase shift gate for the qutrit is $\operatorname {Ph} (\delta )={\begin{bmatrix}e^{i\delta }&0&0\\0&e^{i\delta }&0\\0&0&e^{i\delta }\end{bmatrix}=\exp \left(i\delta I\right)=e^{i\delta }I}$ where the phase factor $e^{i\delta }$ is called the *global phase*.

This phase gate performs the mapping $|\Psi \rangle \mapsto e^{i\delta }|\Psi \rangle $ and together with the 8 rotation operators is capable of expressing any single-qutrit gate in U(3), as a series circuit of at most 9 gates.

1. Nisbet-Jones, Peter B. R.; Dilley, Jerome; Holleczek, Annemarie; Barter, Oliver; Kuhn, Axel (2013). "Photonic qubits, qutrits and ququads accurately prepared and delivered on demand". *New Journal of Physics*. **15** (5): 053007. arXiv:1203.5614. Bibcode:2013NJPh...15e3007N. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/15/5/053007. ISSN 1367-2630. S2CID 110606655.
2. Yurtalan, M. A.; Shi, J.; Kononenko, M.; Lupascu, A.; Ashhab, S. (2020-10-27). "Implementation of a Walsh-Hadamard Gate in a Superconducting Qutrit". *Physical Review Letters*. **125** (18): 180504. arXiv:2003.04879. Bibcode:2020PhRvL.125r0504Y. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.180504. PMID 33196217. S2CID 128064435.
3. Morvan, A.; Ramasesh, V. V.; Blok, M. S.; Kreikebaum, J. M.; O’Brien, K.; Chen, L.; Mitchell, B. K.; Naik, R. K.; Santiago, D. I.; Siddiqi, I. (2021-05-27). "Qutrit Randomized Benchmarking". *Physical Review Letters*. **126** (21): 210504. arXiv:2008.09134. Bibcode:2021PhRvL.126u0504M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.210504. hdl:1721.1/143809. PMID 34114846. S2CID 221246177.
4. Goss, Noah; Morvan, Alexis; Marinelli, Brian; Mitchell, Bradley K.; Nguyen, Long B.; Naik, Ravi K.; Chen, Larry; Jünger, Christian; Kreikebaum, John Mark; Santiago, David I.; Wallman, Joel J.; Siddiqi, Irfan (2022-12-05). "High-fidelity qutrit entangling gates for superconducting circuits". *Nature Communications*. **13** (1): 7481. arXiv:2206.07216. Bibcode:2022NatCo..13.7481G. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-34851-z. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 9722686. PMID 36470858.
5. "Qudits: The Real Future of Quantum Computing?". IEEE Spectrum. 28 June 2017. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
6. Fischer, Laurin E.; Chiesa, Alessandro; Tacchino, Francesco; Egger, Daniel J.; Carretta, Stefano; Tavernelli, Ivano (2023-08-28). "Universal Qudit Gate Synthesis for Transmons". *PRX Quantum*. **4** (3): 030327. arXiv:2212.04496. Bibcode:2023PRXQ....4c0327F. doi:10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.030327. S2CID 254408561.
7. Nguyen, Long B.; Goss, Noah; Siva, Karthik; Kim, Yosep; Younis, Ed; Qing, Bingcheng; Hashim, Akel; Santiago, David I.; Siddiqi, Irfan (2023-12-29). "Empowering high-dimensional quantum computing by traversing the dual bosonic ladder". arXiv:2312.17741 \[quant-ph\].
8. Byrd, Mark (1998). "Differential geometry on SU(3) with applications to three state systems". *Journal of Mathematical Physics*. **39** (11): 6125–6136. arXiv:math-ph/9807032. Bibcode:1998JMP....39.6125B. doi:10.1063/1.532618. ISSN 0022-2488. S2CID 17645992.
9. Caves, Carlton M.; Milburn, Gerard J. (2000). "Qutrit entanglement". *Optics Communications*. **179** (1–6): 439–446. arXiv:quant-ph/9910001. Bibcode:2000OptCo.179..439C. doi:10.1016/s0030-4018(99)00693-8. ISSN 0030-4018. S2CID 27185877.
10. Melikidze, A.; Dobrovitski, V. V.; De Raedt, H. A.; Katsnelson, M. I.; Harmon, B. N. (2004). "Parity effects in spin decoherence". *Physical Review B*. **70** (1): 014435. arXiv:quant-ph/0212097. Bibcode:2004PhRvB..70a4435M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.70.014435. S2CID 56567962.
11. B. P. Lanyon,1 T. J. Weinhold, N. K. Langford, J. L. O'Brien, K. J. Resch, A. Gilchrist, and A. G. White, *Manipulating Biphotonic Qutrits*, Phys. Rev. Lett. **100**, 060504 (2008) (link)
12. Colin P. Williams (2011). *Explorations in Quantum Computing*. Springer. pp. 22–23. ISBN 978-1-84628-887-6.
13. David J. Griffiths (2008). *Introduction to Elementary Particles (2nd ed.)*. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 283–288, 366–369. ISBN 978-3-527-40601-2.
14. Stefan Scherer; Matthias R. Schindler (31 May 2005). "A Chiral Perturbation Theory Primer". p. 1–2. arXiv:hep-ph/0505265.
15. Ethan Siegel (Nov 18, 2020). "Why Are There Only 8 Gluons?". *Forbes*.


title: Melike Öztürk

abstract: Melike Öztürk is a Turkish women's football forward, who plays in the First League for Beşiktaş with jersey number 14. She was a member of the girls' national U-17 and women's U-19 teams before she was admitted to the Turkey women's team.

text:
# Melike Öztürk

**Melike Öztürk** (born 1 April 2001) is a Turkish women's football forward, who plays in the First League for Beşiktaş with jersey number 14. She was a member of the girls' national U-17 and women's U-19 teams before she was admitted to the Turkey women's team.

## Private life

Melike Öztürk was born in Gelibolu district of Çanakkale Province, Turkey on 1 April 2001.

## Playing career

### Club

Öztürk received her license for Denizli Pamukkale Üniversitesi Gençlikspor on 13 November 2015. She capped in 12 matches for the Denizli-based university team in the 2015–16 Turkish Women's Third League season, and netted 24 goals. The next season, she moved to Aydın to join İncirliova Belediyespor. After scoring 67 goals in 26 games, she transferred to Horozkent Spor in Denizli in the second half of the 2017–18 Women's Third League season. After scoring 16 goals in seven matches for Horozkent, Öztürk returned to her former club İncirliova Belediyespor for the 2018–19 Third League season, where she netted 13 goals in eight games.

By early August 2019, Öztürk signed with the Istanbul-based Ataşehir Belediyespor to play in the Women's First League. She scored five goals in 15 matches of the 2019-20 season, which was discontinued due to the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. In the 2021 Turkcel League season, she transferred to Beşiktaş J.K., and enjoyed her team's champions title. She played in two matches of the 2021–22 UEFA Women's Champions League qualifying rounds.

### International

Turkey girls' U-17

Öztürk was admitted to the Turkey girls' U-17 team debuting in the match against Portugal in the UEFA Development Tournament on 13 May 2016. She appeared in 2017 UEFA Women's U-17 Championship qualification - Group 7, 2018 UEFA Women's U-17 Championship qualification - Group 7 and Elite round Group 6 matches. She capped in a total of 25 matches and scored 13 goals for the Turkey girls' U-17 team.

Turkey women's U-19

She was called up to the Turkey women's U-19 team for the friendly match against Poland on 28 August 2018. She took part at the 2019 UEFA Women's U-19 Championship qualification - Group 2 and Elite round Group 6 as well as 2020 UEFA Women's U-19 Championship qualification - Group 12 matches. She played in 14 games and scored two goals total.

Turkey women's

Öztürk was first named for the Turkey women's team in the beginning of Deceöber 2019. In the away match against Slovenia in the UEFA Women's Euro 2021 qualifying Group A, she sat on the bench. She played in the same tournament's home match against Kosovo on 23 October 2020.

|
|  |
International goals
(Friendly match goals not included)
| Date | Venue | Opponent | Result | Competition | Scored |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Turkey girls' U-17 team | | | | | |
| 12 May 2017 | Municipal Stadium, Seia, Portugal | Russia | **W** 2–1 | 2017 UEFA Development Tournament | 1 |
| 14 May 2017 | \[Municipal Stadium, Seia, Portuga | Portugal | **L** 6-7 | | 2 |
| 1 Luly 2017 | Rīgas Hanzas vidusskola, Riga, Latvia | Latvia | **W** 7–0 | 2017 UEFA Development Tournament | 2 |
| 4 October 2017 | \[Kadrioru Stadium, Tallinn, Estonia | Czech Republic | **L** 1-2 | 2018 UEFA Women's U-17 Champ qualification Gr. 7 | 1 |
| 25 March 2018 | \[Novi Gradski Stadion, Ugljevik, Bosnia Herzegovina | Bosnia and Herzegovina | **D** 2-2 | 2018 UEFA Women's U-17 Champ qualification - Elite round Gr. 6 | 2 |
| Turkey women's U-19 team | | | | | |
| 3 October 2018 | Arslan Zeki Demirci Sports Complex, Antalya, Turkey | Azerbaijan | **W** 2–0 | 2019 UEFA Women's U-19 Champ qualification - Gr. 2 | 2 |

## Career statistics

*As of match played 9 March 2022*.

| Club | Season | League | | | Continental | | National | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Denizli Dumlupınar Üni. GS | 2015–16 | Third League | 12 | 24 |  |  | 3 | 0 | 15 | 24 |
| | Total | | 12 | 24 |  |  | 3 | 0 | 15 | 24 |
| İncirliova Belediyespor | 2016–17 | Third League | 19 | 47 |  |  | 8 | 3 | 27 | 50 |
| | 2017–18 | Third League | 7 | 20 |  |  | 11 | 8 | 18 | 28 |
| | Total | | 26 | 67 |  |  | 19 | 11 | 45 | 78 |
| Horozkent Spor | 2017–18 | Third League | 7 | 16 |  |  | 3 | 2 | 10 | 18 |
| | Total | | 7 | 16 |  |  | 3 | 2 | 10 | 18 |
| İncirliova Belediyespor | 2018–19 | Third League | 8 | 13 |  |  | 10 | 2 | 18 | 15 |
| | Total | | 8 | 13 |  |  | 10 | 2 | 18 | 15 |
| Ataşehir Belediyespor | 2019-20 | First League | 15 | 5 |  |  | 4 | 0 | 19 | 5 |
| | 2020-21 | First League | 0 | 0 |  |  | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| | Total | | 15 | 5 |  |  | 6 | 0 | 21 | 5 |
| Beşiktaş J.K. | 2020–21 | First League | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 2 |
| | 2021–22 | Super League | 11 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 19 | 3 |
| | Total | | 17 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 26 | 5 |
| Career total | | | 85 | 130 | 2 | 0 | 48 | 15 | 135 | 145 |

## Honours

Turkish Women's First League Beşiktaş J.K. *Winners* (1): 2020–21

## InfoBox

Melike Öztürk
| Melike Öztürk of Ataşehir Belediyespor (2019–20 First League season) | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Date of birth | (2001-04-01) 1 April 2001 | | |
| Place of birth | Gelibolu, Çanakkale, Turkey | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Beşiktaş | | |
| Number | 14 | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2015–2016 | Denizli Pamukkale Üni GS | 12 | (24) |
| 2016–2018 | İncirliova Belediyespor | 26 | (67) |
| 2018 | Horozkent Spor | 7 | (16) |
| 2018–2019 | İncirliova Belediyespor | 8 | (13) |
| 2019–2020 | Ataşehir Belediyespor | 15 | (5) |
| 2020– | Beşiktaş | 17 | (5) |
| International career | | | |
| 2016–2018 | Turkey U-17 | 25 | (13) |
| 2018–2012 | Turkey U-19 | 14 | (2) |
| 2020– | Turkey | 9 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 9 March 2022<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 30 November 2021 | | | |


title: New Worlds, New Lives

abstract: New Worlds, New Lives: Globalization and People of Japanese Descent in the Americas and from Latin America in Japan (ISBN 978-0804744621) is a 2002 academic book edited by Lane Ryo Hirabayashi, James A. Hirabayashi, and Akemi Kikumura-Yano and published by the Stanford University Press. The volume, edited by three Japanese American anthropologists, was produced by the Japanese American National Museum's International Nikkei Research Project. The same project produced the Encyclopedia of Japanese Descendants in the Americas: An Illustrated History of the Nikkei, and the two books are companion volumes. The book addresses larger theoretical considerations of individual empirical cases as well as the cases themselves. The book was published in Japanese by Jinbun-shoin in 2006, under the title Nikkeijin to gurōbarizēshon : Hokubei, Nanbei, Nihon.

text:
# New Worlds, New Lives

***New Worlds, New Lives: Globalization and People of Japanese Descent in the Americas and from Latin America in Japan*** (ISBN 978-0804744621) is a 2002 academic book edited by Lane Ryo Hirabayashi, James A. Hirabayashi, and Akemi Kikumura-Yano and published by the Stanford University Press. The volume, edited by three Japanese American anthropologists, was produced by the Japanese American National Museum's International Nikkei Research Project. The same project produced the *Encyclopedia of Japanese Descendants in the Americas: An Illustrated History of the Nikkei*, and the two books are companion volumes.

The book addresses larger theoretical considerations of individual empirical cases as well as the cases themselves. The book was published in Japanese by Jinbun-shoin in 2006, under the title *Nikkeijin to gurōbarizēshon : Hokubei, Nanbei, Nihon* (日系人とグローバリゼーション : 北米, 南米, 日本).

## Overview

*New Worlds, New Lives* discusses the effects of globalization on a Nikkei identity, concerning those from the main islands of Japan and those from Okinawa. This discussion of the Nikkei includes those from the Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Paraguay, Peru and United States, and also the *dekasegi*, Nikkei who reside in Japan. The editors state that to understand how globalization has affected the Nikkei community one must put together Japan, the originating country, and the overall Nikkei community in a "triadic perspective"; According to the book, the "triadic framework" means examining Japan, the host country, and the ethnic organizations that link the host country and Japan along with the reproduction and maintenance of Nikkei ethnic identities. Yoko Yoshida of the *Journal of International Migration and Integration* wrote that "The greatest insight one can glean from this book is that only looking at ethnic groups in relation to their host societies does not capture the entire dynamics of the migration experience and the negotiation of cultural identity." Ayumi Takenaka of the University of Oxford argued that the book's chapters "neither address their relationship nor the impact of globalization."

The book considers five results that may occur due to globalization. It may increase the Nikkei identity; erode the Nikkei identity; have no visible impact on the said identity; reduce the prominence of the Nikkei identity by, as Yoshida states, creating "global consciousness"; or generate an indicator of a decreasing Nikkei identity by establishing new "hybrid" identities. Yoshida wrote that the editors of the book "fail to answer fully which outcome has emerged because globalization is never consistently conceptualized throughout this book."

Of the chapters, half only cite their own case studies and do not cite anything else. Jose C. Moya of the University of California, Los Angeles argued that, in those chapters, this results in "a certain parochialism in their inability to engage the broader literature on migration and ethnicity." Keiko Yamanaka of the University of California, Berkeley wrote that before this book was published, there was scarce information about the Japanese in South America in English, and a lot of the information had been published in Spanish, Portuguese, and Japanese, inaccessible to Anglophones.

## Contents

The volume, divided into 20 chapters, includes 18 articles. Of the eighteen authors, seventeen are either Japanese or Nikkei. The book's arguments are presented in the second and third sections. The question of conjunction and disjunction of Nikkei identities is presented in sections two and three. Yoshida argued that this was "an interesting way to frame these sections".

Yamanaka wrote that most chapters have general discussions on their topics and are short in length. Yoshikuni Igarashi of Vanderbilt University stated that the average chapter length was 16 pages, and because of the short length the essays "read more like encyclopedia entries than critical essays." Takenaka argued that concluded that "most of the chapters seem to address some aspects of conjunction and disjunction of identities in one way or another" and that the chapters should have been organized by topic or geographic region. Igarashi wrote that the book had organized its nomenclature along country-based boundaries.

There are four chapters that discuss Peru. One chapter chronicle Japanese Peruvian history, covering from the year 1899 to the rule of Alberto Fujimori. Another chapter refers to one opinion poll of Peruvian Japanese conducted in 1989 and another conducted in 1998 and compares and contrasts the two.

There is an essay that discusses the Japanese political empowerment movements in three places: Brazil, Hawaii, and Gardena, California in Greater Los Angeles.

There is also a section where the book discusses the formation of cosmopolitan, hybrid, and transnational identities. Robert Efird of Seattle University stated that the essays by Yuko Takezawa and Makoto Araki examine the boundary of what a "Nikkei" is.

### Part One

The first section is Part One: The Impact of Globalization on Nikkei Identities. It includes two chapters. Prior to those two chapters is the introduction to part one by Eiichiro Azuma.

Harumi Befu wrote "Globalization as Human Dispersal: Nikkei in the World", the introductory chapter, which puts Japanese immigration in a historical context. This chapter is an overview of Japanese immigration from the 15th through the 21st centuries. This chapter argues that the Japanese government encouraged immigration after 1870 in order to relieve pressures of a growing population and Befu believed that the Japanese government had acted in a callous manner towards these immigrants. Befu believes that the emigration policies of Japan had significant influence from the country's desire to gain a prominent position in the international system.

Befu categorizes into three phases the transition of Japanese immigration processes: pre-modern, modernization, and post-World War II. Befu categorizes Japanese immigrants into eight groups: pre-modern immigrants, pre-World War II immigrants, post-World War II immigrants, war brides, multinational businesspersons and their families, Japanese engaging in marriages to foreigners, and who Igarashi calls "those who have forsaken Japan". Befu believes that examining the development of Nikkei communities in relation to the international economic and political structures is the best way of understanding them. Yoshida wrote that "Nevertheless, the rest of the book lacks a consistent and explicit engagement of this theme and the concept of globalization is used differently in the various works."

The second chapter in Part One is titled "The Impact of Contemporary Globalization on Nikkei Identities" and it is written by the volume's three editors.

### Part Two

Part two, titled "Conjunctions of Nikkei Identities," discusses the "conjunction" of a Nikkei identity, meaning maintaining and spreading the identity. Part 2 has eight chapters organized into two subparts: "Community Formations and Linkages" and "The Politics of Ethnic Reproduction: Education and Representation." The introduction to part two is written by Lloyd Inui.

In subpart one, Jeffrey Lesser wrote "In Search of the Hyphen: Nikkei and the Struggle over Brazilian National Identity." This chapter discusses the interaction between Brazilian nationalism and the identity politics of Brazil's immigrant groups. Lesser's chapter chronicles the Brazilian Japanese peoples' attempt to find a place in the world society as the *dekasegi* can be perceived as foreigners in both Japan and Brazil. The other articles in subpart one are "Licensed Agencies for Relief in Asia: Relief Materials and Nikkei Populations in the United States and Canada" by Masako Uno, "An Approach to the Formation of Nikkei Identity in Peru: Issei and Nisei" by Raúl Araki, and "The "Labor Pains" of Forging a Nikkei Community: A Study of the Santa Cruz Region in Bolivia" by Kozy Amemiya. Amemiya's essay discusses efforts by the Japanese community in the Santa Cruz region to commemorate their history.

The articles in subpart two are ""The Twain Shall Meet" in the Nisei? Japanese Language Education and U.S.-Japan Relations, 1900-1940" by Teruko Kumei, "The Nikkei's Education in the Japanese Language in Paraguay: The Japanese Educational System and Its Influence on the Colonies" by Emi Kasamatsu, "Peruvian Nikkei: A Sociopolitical Portrait" by Amelia Morimoto, and "Pathways to Power: Comparative Perspectives on the Emergence of Nikkei Ethnic Political Traditions" by Lane Ryo Hirabayashi.

Yoshida wrote that "I found that most of the literature cited in the second section lacks a specific link to the theme of globalization and its effects."

### Part Three

The third part, titled, "Disjunctions of Nikkei Identities," discusses globalization-induced "disjunctions" of a Nikkei identity. This part, which has a total of nine chapters, is divided into three subparts: "Gender and Identity," "The Dekasegi Phenomenon," and "Emerging Identities." Richard Kosaki wrote the introduction to part three.

Included in subpart one is "I Woman, I Man, I Nikkei: Symbolic Construction of Femininity and Masculinity in the Japanese Community of Peru" by Doris Moromisato Miasato. Miasato's essay discusses the role of gender in Japanese Peruvian communities. Miasato argues that the Japanese-Brazilian community's patriarchical patterns are hiding a feminine perspective present in the community and that many vital Peruvian Nikkei groups including prefectural associations of *kenjinkai*. Another chapter compares and contrasts the formations of the Peruvian and United States Nikkei communities in terms of class, nationalism, and race. In addition, the subpart has "Migration as a Negotiation of Gender: Recent Japanese Immigrant Women in Canada" by Audrey Kobayashi. This essay, which chronicles Japanese women who had recently emigrated to Canada, argues for a conclusion similar to that of Miasato's. Igarashi stated that both essays show the importance of women in the Nikkei communities. The next article is "Race, Gender, Ethnicity and the Narrative of National Identity in the Films of Tizuka Yamazaki" by Naomi Hoki Moniz. This chapter discusses the Brazilian filmmaker Tizuka Yamasaki.

The first article in the second subpart is "The Japanese-Brazilian *Dekasegi* Phenomenon: An Economic Perspective" by Edson Mori. The second article is "The *Dekasegi* Phenomenon and the Education of Japanese Brazilian Children in Japanese Schools" by Masato Ninomiya. This essay is about children of Nikkei Latin Americans living in Japan and their issues in the Japanese educational system. The third article is "The Emigration of Argentines of Japanese Descent to Japan" by Marcelo G. Higa.

The first article in the third subpart is "The Nikkei Negotiation of Minorit/Majority Dynamics in Peru and the United States" by Steven Masami Ropp. The second is "The *Uchinanchu* Diaspora and the Boundary of "Nikkei"" by Makoto Arakaki. This essay, a discussion on the specific Okinawan identity, chronicles the use of academic conferences, business conferences, and organizations to create a worldwide Okinawan perspective. The third article is "Nikkeijin and Multicultural Existence in Japan: Kobe after the Great Earthquake" by Yasuko I. Takezawa. It discusses the civil responses to the Great Hanshin–Awaji earthquake.

Yoshida wrote that compared to the chapters of section two, "the chapters in section three more convincingly show how Nikkei communities have been affected by globalization."

### Part Four

The concluding essay is "Retrospect and prospects," written by the three editors of the volume. In this chapter the editors wrote that the primary concern of the book is not the experiences of individual ethnic Japanese but instead with the concept of ethnic Japanese communities being "ethnic reproduction".

## Reception

Daniel M. Masterson of the U.S. Naval Academy argued that the book's editors "are to be complimented for this anthology's important contribution to the field of Japanese migration studies."

Moya states that the book is a "commendable effort", but that there is a sense of "conceptual looseness", or a lack of ability to compare the Nikkei of various countries because the authors did not collect and use the same statistics for all Nikkei groups. Moya concluded that "the book contains much that should be of interest to the readers of this journal."

Efird states that "not just essential reading for students and scholars of Nikkei issues" but also is an "instructive \[primer\] on the contingency of ethnic identity." He argues that the main weakness is "scant attention to the increasing intermarriage between Nikkei and other ethnic groups."

Igarashi argued that while the book's editors successfully created an encyclopedic reference about ethnic Japanese and the recent academic discussions about them, this resource "remains, regrettably, largely unusable because of their fragmented presentation", stating that "the appeal of the collection will likely be limited to a handful of Nikkei readers." Igarashi wrote that the book "reconfirms" the "boundaries of the Nikkei" by trying to create a comprehensive resource and that it is difficult to analyze the cases in the volume due to the amount of information.

## InfoBox

New Worlds, New Lives
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Lane Ryo Hirabayashi
James A. Hirabayashi
Akemi Kikumura-Yano |
| Language | English |
| Subject | Globalization and effects on ethnic identity of nikkei in the Americas and dekasegi in Japan |
| Genre | Essay, Investigation |
| Published | 2002 |
| Publisher | Stanford University Press |
| Publication place | United States |
| Pages | 384 |
| ISBN | 978-0804744621 |
| OCLC | 48761340 |


title: Quarndon

abstract:
Quarndon is a linear village in the south of the Amber Valley District of Derbyshire, England.
It is spread along four minor upland roads, approximately 1 mile north of the Derby suburb of Allestree, two of which lead towards the city. Many tourists throughout the 18th and early 19th centuries visited Quarndon's chalybeate springs within and next to its wellhouse. Many of these also sampled the waters of a geologically related spring in the grounds of its western neighbour, Kedleston Park and Hall, Kedleston – a village with a smaller population due to its few roads and single land-dominating estate which was once its manor. The lords of that manor equally held lands here and were significant patrons of the church, the early 19th century free school founded here and funded the construction of the village hall.

text:
# Quarndon

**Quarndon** /ˈkwɔːrn.dən/  is a linear village in the south of the Amber Valley District of Derbyshire, England. It is spread along four minor upland roads, approximately 1 mile north of the Derby suburb of Allestree, two of which lead towards the city.

Many tourists throughout the 18th and early 19th centuries visited Quarndon's chalybeate springs within and next to its wellhouse. Many of these also sampled the waters of a geologically related spring in the grounds of its western neighbour, Kedleston Park and Hall, Kedleston – a village with a smaller population due to its few roads and single land-dominating estate which was once its manor. The lords of that manor equally held lands here and were significant patrons of the church, the early 19th century free school founded here and funded the construction of the village hall.

## Amenities

### Education

The Curzon CE (Aided) Primary School is in Quarndon which is mostly funded by the local authority, as is Quarndon Pre-School which receives a proportion of funding from Derbyshire County Council and is in the remainder privately funded.

### Community

Quarndon has a Church of England church built 1872–74, designed by Giles and Brookhouse in a stone mid-13th century style. St Paul's Church, Quarndon has informal regular community involvement – it hosts clubs for children and their carers and wide-reaching coffee and cake, exploration of life meetings. The minister in Quarndon is Rev. Becky Mathew.

Quarndon Village Hall was built by the Curzon family (assisted with funds raised by village efforts) and opened on 9 May 1914. In 1965, the Hall was extended with an enlarged stage. It was extended again in 2004.

### Sports

Quarndon's westernmost area is part of the 18-hole Kedleston Park Golf Club.

Quarndon Cricket Club has a ground with parkland, benches, pavilion and in the summer a marquee. Four adult men's sides compete, junior and women's sides also compete against other Derbyshire villages and urban communities.

### Drama

Quarndon has an amateur dramatics society which has been performing plays in the village hall since 1941.

### Heritage sites

Heritage Lottery funding fully funded a brief wide-ranging history of Quarndon to be researched, distributed and electronically published. The conservation areas and sulphurous well draw visitors and the history, including the architectural history of the church is available in the village as guidebooks.

### Millennium Topograph on Bunkers Hill

52°58′8″N 1°29′36″W / 52.96889°N 1.49333°W / 52.96889; -1.49333 This directional compass, provides details of bearings, distances, elevations and dates of nearly 50 places of special interest and was unveiled on 29 September 2001. It stands on an 8-ton block of Derbyshire gritstone – 140 metres above sea level – funded by the will of the third Viscount Scarsdale who died in 2000 aged 76.

## Geography

Quarndon has elevations ranging from 75 metres above sea level to 144 metres. The lowest point is at the end of a projection to the south, following Markeaton Brook, which rises at two sources, one in the village and the other from above the lake of Kedleston Park, a large landscape garden in the neighbouring parish to the west. The highest part, Quarndon Hill is a partly settled ridge of mixed woodland and common land topped by a gently winding street leading north-west. The vast majority of the village's buildings are residential, which spread along four minor upland roads north of the City of Derby's suburb of Allestree, two of which lead towards the city.

## History

A holding (manor) of Quarndon appears in the Domesday Book of 1086. This survey recorded 8 ploughlands having been held in 1066 by King Edward contemporaneously by William the Conqueror who was also tenant-in-chief.

An ivy-clad bell tower mark the remains of the Norman chapel which served the community's spiritual, marriages, funereal and administrative (vestry) needs until 1874. In the 1870s the village was created an ecclesiastical parish in 1732 converting the small and crumbling chapel to a church and had its forerunner replacement on the present site in 1790.

Starting with a digression to the neighbouring house and park reflective of his landed class, Daniel Defoe wrote in the early 18th century:

> In our way we past an \[ancient\] seat \[Kedleston Hall\], large, but not very \[ornate\], of Sir Nathaniel Curson, a noted and (for wealth) over great family, for many ages inhabitants of this county. Hence we kept the Derwent on our right-hand, but kept our distance, the waters being out; for the Derwent is a frightful creature when the hills load her current with water; I say, we kept our distance, and contented our selves with hearing the roaring of its waters, till we came to Quarn or Quarden. a little ragged, but noted village, where there is a famous chalybeat spring, to which abundance of people go in the season to drink the water, as also a cold bath.
>
> Daniel Defoe, 1720s

A brief extract of a large Victorian geographical, historic and economic *Topographical Dictionary* reads:

> It comprises 790 acres (3.2 km2)...619 grass-land, 160½ ploughland and gardens, and 10 acres plantations...The soil in the lower part is a very rich marl, and in the higher a light dry sandy soil...the surface is undulated, and the scenery picturesque. The village, which is scattered, is considerable, being nearly a mile and a half in length; it is of pleasant appearance, and contains some very neat modern houses...church is an ancient structure, with a campanile tower nearly covered with ivy, and a Norman arch at the entrance. Sir John Curzon, in 1725, bequeathed an annuity of £20 for the support of a free school. In the village is a chalybeate spring, which was much resorted to upwards of a century since, and is still visited in summer, the water being highly beneficial in cases of debility.
>
> Samuel Lewis, 1848

The church cost just over £4,000 (equivalent to £451,000 in 2023) to build. Its land together with a contribution of £1,000 was given by the Rev'd Alfred Curzon, 4th Baron Scarsdale. Its skeleton clock was installed in 1897 to mark Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee.

## Demography

|
|  |
**2011 Published Statistics: Population, home ownership and extracts from Physical Environment, surveyed in 2005**
| Output area | Homes owned outright | Owned with a loan | Socially rented | Privately rented | Other | km2 green spaces | km2 roads | km2 water | km2 domestic gardens | km2 domestic buildings | km2 non-domestic buildings | Usual residents | km2 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Quarndon | 386 | 415 | 23 | 99 | 10 | 4.06 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.38 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 933 | 4.49 |

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Quarndon | |
| --- | --- |
| Spring Well at the Chalybeate Wellhouse, Quarndon | |
| Public footpaths and mixed pasture and wooded hills such as that pictured above in Quarndon reflect the parish's main 'green space' land use category. | |
| QuarndonLocation within Derbyshire | |
| Area | 4.49 km2 (1.73 sq mi) |
| Population | 933 (2011 census) |
| Density | 208/km2 (540/sq mi) |
| OS grid reference | SK334410 |
| District |  |
| Shire county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | DERBY |
| Postcode district | DE22 |
|  | |
| Police | Derbyshire |
| Fire | Derbyshire |
| Ambulance | East Midlands |
|  | |
|


abstract:
This is the calendar for any Old Style leap year starting on Saturday, 25 March. The Old Style calendar ended the following March, on 24 March. Examples: Julian year 1564, 1620 or 1704. A leap year is a year with 366 days, as compared to a common year, which has 365. Previous year (common) Next year (common)
Previous year (leap) Next year (leap)

text:
# Old Style leap year starting on Saturday

This is the calendar for any **Old Style leap year starting on Saturday**, 25 March. The Old Style calendar ended the following March, on 24 March. Examples: Julian year 1564, 1620 or 1704 (see bottom tables).

A leap year is a year with 366 days, as compared to a common year, which has 365.

```
Previous year (common)   Next year (common)
Previous year (leap)     Next year (leap)
```

| Millennium | Century | Old Style Year | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **2nd Millennium**: | **16th century**: | 1508 | 1536 | 1564 | 1592 |
| **2nd Millennium**: | **17th century**: | 1620 | 1648 | 1676 |  |
| **2nd Millennium**: | **18th century**: | 1704 | 1732 | 1760 | 1788 |


title: Punar Vivaah – Zindagi Milegi Dobara

abstract: Punar Vivah – Zindagi Milegi Dobara is an Indian soap opera that aired on Zee TV from 20 February 2012—replacing Bhagonwali-Baante Apni Taqdeer—till 17 May 2013. The show was set in the city of Bhopal and revolved around lead characters Yash and Aarti. The first season concluded on 17 May 2013 and a second season titled Punar Vivah – Ek Nayi Umeed with new lead characters and a new storyline, replaced it from 20 May 2013.

text:
# Punar Vivaah – Zindagi Milegi Dobara

***Punar Vivah – Zindagi Milegi Dobara*** (transl. *Remarriage Will Give You Life – Again*) is an Indian soap opera that aired on Zee TV from 20 February 2012—replacing *Bhagonwali-Baante Apni Taqdeer*—till 17 May 2013. The show was set in the city of Bhopal and revolved around lead characters Yash and Aarti.

The first season concluded on 17 May 2013 and a second season titled *Punar Vivah – Ek Nayi Umeed* with new lead characters and a new storyline, replaced it from 20 May 2013.

## Plot

It is the story of two individuals, Yash and Aarti. Based in Bhopal, Yash Scindia is a wealthy widower living with his two daughters Payal and Palak. Aarti is a divorcée and lives with her son Ansh. Yash is a wedding planner.

Aarti's in-laws and Yash's family want the two lonely hearts to get united in marriage. Aarti's in-laws decide to let Yash's family believe Aarti has been widowed like Yash. Yash and Aarti get married for the well-being of their children and Aarti soon makes place for herself in Yash's joint family. Yash, however, continues to live with memories of his first wife Arpita. On a trip to Mumbai, Yash and Aarti come closer and Aarti confesses to him that she has fallen in love with him. Soon, Yash cuts short the vacation and they return home where Yash declares he has no relationship with Aarti and refuses to speak to her. After several days, Aarti is still clueless till she faints and is informed she is pregnant. She recalls that after consuming *bhaang* at a temple, they consummated their marriage and Yash feels guilty for betraying his former wife and blames Aarti. Aarti finally confronts Yash and refuses to accept that the act of consummation was one-sided. She starts living with him again for the sake of their families but maintains a distance from him and hides her pregnancy from everyone.

Complications arise in Aarti's pregnancy but she chooses to leave with her son Ansh and boards a bus. Meanwhile, Yash's aunt discovers Aarti's pregnancy and the entire family finds out but only after Aarti has left. She meets with an accident and she and Ansh reach the hospital with help from her first husband Prashant. Yash sets out looking for her and Prashant discovers that Aarti is married to Yash. Yash and Aarti finally reunite at a *mazaar* and Yash and Aarti return home with Ansh as Prashant looks on. Meanwhile, Yash's younger brother Prateek and his wife Paridhi continuously argue about Paridhi's work hours as she goes off on shoots and her disregard for the family. Paridhi gets drunk for a shoot and sleeps with her producer who starts blackmailing her. In an altercation, Paridhi inadvertently hits him and he dies. Paridhi confides in her mother who tells her to stay quiet about all the events.

An ailing Prashant returns to his parents but is diagnosed with advanced stage cancer and requires a bone marrow transplant from his biological son Ansh. Prashant's mother Shobha is forced to ask for Aarti's help and they manage to get Ansh's bone marrow for Prashant's treatment whilst keeping it a secret from Yash and his family. Prashant is cured and refuses to leave home even as Aarti finally tells Yash about him and how while she was pregnant with Ansh, Prashant selfishly left her for another woman. Yash falls in love with Aarti but believes she would want to return to her first love Prashant but Aarti sets out to prove that she loves only Yash even as Prashant decides to get her back. Prashant's aunt exposes Aarti's past before the Scindias who are shocked and unforgiving at first till Yash defends her. Aarti and Yash are banished to another part of the house and Yash's father instructs the family to sever ties with them and their children.

Prashant decides to plot against Yash and Aarti to separate them. However, eventually, Yash and Aarti reunite with the family and Yash brings Akash to the family. This creates tensions and Gayatri starts hating Yash who is revealed to be Suraj Pratap's son with his other wife Radha and was swapped at birth with Akash who is actually Gayatri's biological son. Akash and his wife Ishita have designs on the Scindia wealth and influence Gayatri who disowns Yash. Suraj Pratap instead, names Yash as the sole heir to his wealth. A fight breaks out between Akash and Yash and Gayatri is grievously injured. At the hospital, she finally realises her mistake and apologises to Yash and Suraj Pratap as she dies in Yash's arms.

A month later, Akash and Ishita manage to turn the family against Radha with only Yash and Aarti supporting her. They make Suraj Pratap and the family realise her value and Suraj Pratap decides to marry her to give her her rightful place. After he gets into trouble with his thug friends, Akash has a change of heart when Aarti rescues him and saves his life.

New complications arise after Aarti and Yash's son Aayu is born but someone kidnaps him soon after. The culprit is revealed to be Ishita. Ishita becomes obsessed with Yash creating problems between him and Aarti. They don't talk to each other for months after losing Aayu. Aayu returns to the family as an orphan who is adopted by Prateek and Paridhi. Aarti feels a strange connection with the baby and finds comfort in him. Aarti soon discovers the truth about Ishita and together with Yash, she gets Aayu back; however, seeing Paridhi's sad face, Aarti and Yash decide to give Aayu to Prateek and Paridhi. Ishita comes back and kidnaps Aayu again. However, Yash saves Aayu and gets Ishita arrested as the show ends. The Scindia family introducing the new characters for Season 2.

## Cast

### Main

* Kratika Sengar Dheer as Aarti Goyal Scindia – Prashant's ex-wife; Yash's wife; Ansh,Aayu,Payal,and Palak's mother.
* Gurmeet Choudhary as Yash Scindia – Suraj Pratap and Radha's son; Pankaj, Akash and Prateek's half-brother; Arpita's widower; Aarti's husband; Payal,Palak,Aayu,and Ansh's father

### Recurring

* Vineet Raina / Sarwar Ahuja as Prashant Dubey – Shobha and Satyendra's son; Aarti's ex-husband; Ansh's father
* Geeta Tyagi as Shobha Dubey – Prashant's mother; Ansh's grandmother
* Amit Singh Thakur as Satyendra Dubey – Prashant's father; Ansh's grandfather
* Divyam Dama as Ansh Scindia – Aarti and Prashant's son; Yash's step-son; Aayu's half-brother; Payal and Palak's step-brother
* Palak Dey as Palak Scindia – Yash and Arpita's younger daughter; Aarti's step-daughter; Payal's twin-sister; Aayu's half-sister; Ansh's step-sister
* Dhriti Mehta as Payal Scindia – Yash and Arpita's elder daughter; Aarti's step-daughter; Palak's twin-sister; Aayu's half-sister; Ansh's step-sister
* Chetan Pandit as Suraj Pratap Scindia – Radha and Gayatri's husband; Yash, Pankaj, Akash and Prateek's father
* Zahida Parveen as Gayatri Scindia – Suraj Pratap's first wife; Pankaj, Akash and Prateek's mother
* Dolly Minhas as Radha Scindia – Suraj Pratap's second wife, Yash's mother; Akash's foster mother
* Pallavi Rao / Ananya Khare as Maaya - Suraj Pratap's sister
* Rakesh Kukreti as Pankaj Scindia – Suraj Pratap and Gayatri's eldest son; Akash and Prateek's brother; Yash's half-brother; Vidhi's husband; Vedika's father
* Samragyi Nema as Vidhi Scindia – Pankaj's wife; Vedika's mother
* Dishank Arora as Prateek Scindia – Suraj Pratap and Gayatri's youngest son
* Leena Jumani as Paridhi Scindia – Prateek's wife
* Akshay Dogra as Akash Scindia – Suraj Pratap and Gayatri's second son; Radha's foster son; Pankaj and Prateek's brother; Yash's half-brother; Ishita's husband
* Heena Parmar as Ishita Scindia – Akash's wife
* Amita Udgata as Tai – Prashant's aunt
* Asha Negi as Purvi Deshmukh Kirloskar

## InfoBox

| *Punar Vivaah – Zindagi Milegi Dobara* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Created by | Sumeet Hukamchand Mittal
Shashi Mittal |
| Written by | Shobhit Jaiswal
Anil Nagpal
Seema Mantri
Usha Dixit |
| Directed by | Manish Khandelwal
Hemant Prabhu
Ravi Raj, Arvind Gupta |
| Creative director | Karishmaa Chandna |
| Starring | Gurmeet Choudhary
Kratika Sengar |
| Opening theme | *Punar Vivah* by Kamaal Khan |
| Country of origin | India |
| Original language | Hindi |
| No. of seasons | 2 |
| Production | |
| Producers | Shashi Mittal
Sumeet Hukamchand Mittal |
| Cinematography | Sudesh Kotian
Navneet Beohar |
| Editor | Jay B Ghadiali |
| Camera setup | Multi-camera |
| Production company | Shashi Sumeet Productions |
| Original release | |
| Network | Zee TV |
| Release | 20 February 2012 (2012-02-20)
17 May 2013 (2013-05-17) |
| Related | |
| *Punar Vivah – Ek Nayi Umeed* | |


title: Isova

abstract: Isova is the site of a ruined Frankish monastery near the modern village of Trypiti in the western Peloponnese, Greece. The church of Notre Dame at Isova, built in the first half of the 13th century, is among the best surviving examples of Gothic architecture in the Peloponnese, along with the church of Saint Sophia at Andravida and the monastery of Zaraka at Stymphalia.

text:
# Isova

**Isova** is the site of a ruined Frankish monastery near the modern village of Trypiti (formerly Bitzibardi) in the western Peloponnese, Greece. The church of Notre Dame at Isova, built in the first half of the 13th century, is among the best surviving examples of Gothic architecture in the Peloponnese, along with the church of Saint Sophia at Andravida and the monastery of Zaraka at Stymphalia.

## Foundation

The Frankish monastery at Isova was founded some time after 1205, when the French Principality of Achaea was created in southern Greece in the wake of the Fourth Crusade, and before 1263, when the abbey was destroyed by fire (see below). Although the religious order responsible for the monastery is not recorded, it is now generally believed to have been a Cistercian foundation. The Cistercians were active in the Fourth Crusade and established at least a dozen abbeys in Byzantine territories captured by the Crusaders, and there is archival evidence that specifically suggests Cistercian involvement in two monastic foundations in the Peloponnese itself during the early 13th century. One of these two Cistercian abbeys in the Peloponnese can be identified with certainty as the monastery of Zaraka at Stymphalia, in the archdiocese of Corinth. For the other, the monastery at Isova, in the archdiocese of Patras, appears to be the only known candidate.

## Architectural remains

### Notre Dame

The abbey church of Notre Dame consisted of single large rectangular hall, ca. 38.5 m long by 12.5 m wide (internal measurements), with a chancel at the eastern end projecting an additional ca. 8 m and ending in an octagonal apse supported by six external buttresses. The west and north walls are nearly intact; the south wall is partially destroyed and the east end is barely preserved above the foundations. There is no evidence of internal supports dividing the interior into nave and aisles, and no narthex or transept. The triangular gable of the west wall preserves the profile of the steeply pitched wooden roof, which apparently covered the entire width of the main hall in a single span, presumably with trusses, which were supported on simple corbels ca. 4 m apart in the side walls. A reused fragment of rib vaulting built into the wall of the later church of Saint Nicolas suggests that the chancel was roofed with a stone vault. The well-preserved windows in the north wall are single lancets (1.80 m high) topped by ogival arches. The west wall had two slightly larger windows (2.40 m high) below and a single much larger one (3.60 m high) in the gable. A small fragment of stone tracery found nearby may indicate that the windows in the chancel were larger and more elaborate, with two lights surmounted by a cinquefoil. Traces of abutting walls and supports for floor and roof beams in the exterior north wall of the church show that the cloister and other monastery buildings were located on that side, although no remains of these are visible today. In plan, architectural style, and construction technique the church belongs entirely to the western European Gothic tradition, without any sign of Byzantine influence, and it has been suggested that it was not merely designed but actually built by western craftsmen, if not by the monks themselves.

According to the 14th-century *Chronicle of the Morea*, the church was destroyed by fire in 1263, shortly before the battle of Prinitza, by a band of Turkish mercenaries fighting alongside Greek forces in an attempt to restore Byzantine control over the Peloponnese.

### Saint Nicolas

The church of Notre Dame was not restored after the conflagration of 1263, but some time later a second, much smaller church, dedicated to Saint Nicolas (Ayios Nikolaos), was constructed ca. 20 m. south of the ruins of its predecessor. The church is nearly square in plan, ca. 10 m on a side. The interior was divided into a nave and two aisles by arcades supported on two pairs of piers or columns, the bases of which survive: one pair was located in the center of the church, the other at the eastern end on either side of the central apse. Three apses are visible in the well-preserved eastern wall: a larger central apse at the end of the nave (which is the only one that projects on the exterior of the building), flanked by two shallower apses at the ends of the side aisles. The windows in the two side apses are single lights topped by ogival arches; the window in the central apse, no longer preserved, was larger, with two lights. There was no narthex; three doors in the western wall provided entrance directly into the church. The roof was of wood, presumably with a clerestory over the central nave. Unlike the purely Gothic Notre Dame, the church of Saint Nicolas displays a mixture of Byzantine and Gothic features: the construction techniques, square plan, and triple apses suggest Byzantine architectural influence, but the tripartite basilical arrangement of the interior is a western feature and many of the architectural details, such as the pointed arches of the windows and the bases of the piers or columns separating the nave and aisles, are Gothic. Since there is no trace of an iconostasis dividing the nave from the sanctuary, it seems clear that this church too was constructed for Catholic rather than Orthodox worship. Its date is uncertain: the fact it incorporates at least one fragment from the ruined church of Notre Dame (see above) shows that it must be later than 1263, but dates from the late 13th to the 15th century have been suggested.

## List of references

* Bon, Antoine (1969). *La Morée franque: Recherches historiques, topographiques, et archéologiques sur la principauté d'Achaïe*. Paris: Ecole française d'Athènes.

* Campbell, Sheila (2018). *The Cistercian Monastery of Zaraka, Greece*. Kalamazoo: Western Michigan University Medieval Institute Publications. ISBN 978-1-58044-244-2.

* Olympios, Michalis; Schabel, Chris (2020). "The Cistercian Abbeys of Zaraka and Isova in the Principality of Achaia". *Frankokratia*. **1** (1–2): 165–179. doi:10.1163/25895931-12340001.

* Salzer, Katherine E. (1999). "Gatehouses and Mother Houses: A Study of the Cistercian Abbey of Zaraka". *Mediaeval Studies*. **61**: 297–324. doi:10.1484/J.MS.2.306465.

37°34′29″N 21°46′48″E / 37.57472°N 21.78000°E / 37.57472; 21.78000


title: Percile

abstract: Percile is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Italian region of Latium, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of Rome. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia.

text:
# Percile

**Percile** is a *comune* (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Italian region of Latium, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of Rome. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

## InfoBox

| Percile | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di Percile | |
| View of Percile | |
| Location of Percile | |
| PercileLocation of Percile in ItalyPercilePercile (Lazio) | |
| Coordinates: 42°6′N 12°55′E / 42.100°N 12.917°E / 42.100; 12.917 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Lazio |
| Metropolitan city | Rome (RM) |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Claudio Giustini |
| Area | |
| Total | 17.76 km2 (6.86 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 575 m (1,886 ft) |
| Population (30 November 2016) | |
| Total | 241 |
| Density | 14/km2 (35/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Percilesi |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 00020 |
| Dialing code | 0774 |
| Website | Official website |