title: National Pub of the Year

abstract:
The National Pub of the Year is an annual competition held by CAMRA, the winner of which is announced in the February of the year following that in which the competition is run, that finds the best pub in the UK. Established in 1988, the competition helps to highlight quality pubs around the UK that are worth seeking out and visiting. Each year, each local CAMRA branch nominates one pub in their area to be entered. These 200 pubs then go through to the regional competition, which then whittles down to 4 pubs to go to the national final. The pubs in the national final are evaluated on:
  - Quality of the Real Ales served
  - Value for money
  - Atmosphere
  - Interior decoration
  - Customer service and welcome

text:
# National Pub of the Year

The **National Pub of the Year** is an annual competition held by CAMRA, the winner of which is announced in the February of the year following that in which the competition is run, that finds the best pub in the UK. Established in 1988, the competition helps to highlight quality pubs around the UK that are worth seeking out and visiting. Each year, each local CAMRA branch nominates one pub in their area to be entered. These 200 pubs then go through to the regional competition, which then whittles down to 4 pubs to go to the national final.

The pubs in the national final are evaluated on:

* Quality of the Real Ales served
* Value for money
* Atmosphere
* Interior decoration
* Customer service and welcome

## Winners

## Regional winners

### 2024

| Region | Pub Name | Location |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Central Southern | Bell Inn, Aldworth | Aldworth |
| East Anglia | Blackfriars Tavern, Great Yarmouth | Great Yarmouth |
| East Midlands | Horse and Jockey, Stapleford | Stapleford, Nottinghamshire |
| Greater London | Little Green Dragon, Winchmore Hill | Winchmore Hill |
| Greater Manchester | Northumberland Arms, Marple Bridge | Marple Bridge |
| Kent | Nelson Arms, Tonbridge | Tonbridge |
| Merseyside/Cheshire/North Wales | Turks Head, St Helens | St Helens, Merseyside |
| North East | Grey Horse, Consett | Consett |
| Scotland | Hillend Tavern, Dalgety Bay | Dalgety Bay |
| Northern Ireland | Dog and Duck, Lisbellaw | Lisbellaw |
| Wales | Cresselly Arms, Cresswell Quay | Cresswell Quay |
| South West | Crossways Inn, West Huntspill | West Huntspill |
| Surrey/Sussex | Brickmakers Alehouse, Bexhill on Sea | Bexhill-on-Sea |
| Wessex | Woodman Inn, Bridport | Bridport |
| West Midlands | Bailey Head, Oswestry | Oswestry |
| West Pennines | Black Horse, Preston | Preston, Lancashire |
| Yorkshire | Three B’s, Bridlington | Bridlington |

### 2022

| Region | Pub Name | Location |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Central Southern | Bell | Waltham St Lawrence, Berkshire |
| East Anglia | King's Head | Norwich, Norfolk |
| East Midlands | Horse & Jockey | Stapleford, Nottinghamshire |
| Greater London | Hop Inn | Hornchurch, London |
| Greater Manchester | Real Crafty | Wigan, Manchester |
| Kent | Larkins Alehouse | Cranbook, Kent |
| Merseyside/Cheshire/North Wales | Magazine Hotel | New Brighton, Wallasey, Merseyside |
| North East | Station House | Durham, Northumberland |
| Scotland/Northern Ireland | Commercial Inn | Dunfermline, Fife |
| Wales | Mold Ale House | Mold |
| South West | Pelican Inn | Gloucester |
| Surrey/Sussex | Hornet Alehouse | Chichester |
| Wessex | Olaf's Tun | Southampton, Hampshire |
| West Midlands | Tamworth Tap | Tamworth, Staffordshire |
| West Pennines | Fifteens at St Annes | St Annes |
| Yorkshire | Heaven & Ale | Barnsley |

### 2017

| Region | Pub Name | Location |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Central Southern | The Cross Key | Thame, Oxfordshire |
| East Anglia | The Stanford Arms | Lowestoft, Suffolk |
| East Midlands | Old Oak Inn | Horsley Woodhouse, Derbyshire |
| Greater London | The Hope | Carshalton, London |
| Greater Manchester | The Baum | Rochdale, Manchester |
| Kent | The Rifle Volunteers | Maidstone, Kent |
| Merseyside/Cheshire/North Wales | The Cricketer's Arms | St Helens, Merseyside |
| North East | The Steamboat | South Shields, South Tyneside |
| Scotland/Northern Ireland | Staggs Bar | Musselburgh, East Lothian |
| Wales | Arvon Ale House | Llandrindod Wells, Powys |
| South West | The Salutation | Ham, Gloucestershire |
| Surrey/Sussex | Brooksteed Alehouse | Worthing, West Sussex |
| Wessex | The Bottle Inn | Marshwood, Dorset |
| West Midlands | The Earl Grey Inn | Leek, Staffordshire |
| West Pennines | The Swan with two necks | Pendleton, Lancashire |
| Yorkshire | George and Dragon | Hudswell, North Yorkshire |

### 2011

| Region | Pub Name | Location |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Central Southern | Radnor Arms | Coleshill, Oxfordshire |
| East Anglia | Engineers Arms | Henlow, Bedfordshire |
| East Midlands | Crown | Beeston, Nottinghamshire |
| Greater London | Southampton Arms | Highgate Road, London |
| Greater Manchester | Magnet | Stockport |
| Kent | Flower Pot | Maidstone |
| Merseyside/Cheshire/North Wales | Bridge End Inn | Ruabon, Wrexham County Borough |
| North East | Boathouse Inn | Wylam, Northumberland |
| Scotland/Northern Ireland | Fox and Hounds | Houston, Renfrewshire |
| South/Mid Wales | Ancient Briton | Pen-y-cae, Powys |
| South West | The Front | Falmouth, Cornwall |
| Surrey/Sussex | Evening Star | Brighton |
| Wessex | Nog Inn | Wincanton |
| West Midlands | Beacon Hotel | Sedgley, West Midlands |
| West Pennines | Swan with Two Necks | Pendleton, Lancashire |
| Yorkshire | Jemmy Hirst at the Rose & Crown | Rawcliffe, East Riding of Yorkshire |

### 2010

| Region | Pub Name | Location |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Scotland and Northern Ireland | Albert Tavern | Freuchie, Fife |
| North West | Taps | Lytham, Lancashire |
| North East | Surtees Arms | Ferryhill, County Durham |
| Greater Manchester | Knott Bar | Manchester |
| Merseyside, Cheshire and North Wales | Brewery Tap | Chester |
| Yorkshire | Ferry Boat | Thorganby, North Yorkshire |
| East Midlands | The Crown | Beeston, Nottinghamshire |
| West Midlands | Beacon Hotel | Sedgley, West Midlands |
| East Anglia | Dove | Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk |
| Kent | Flower Pot | Maidstone |
| Greater London | The Harp | Charing Cross |
| Surrey and Sussex | Royal Oak | Friday Street, near Rusper, West Sussex |
| South West | Salutation | Ham, near Berkeley, Gloucestershire |
| South and Mid Wales | Ship and Castle | Aberystwyth |
| Wessex and Channel Islands | Guide Dog | Bevois Valley, Southampton, Hampshire |
| Central Southern | The Bell | Aldworth, Berkshire |

### 2009

| Region | Pub Name | Location |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Scotland and Northern Ireland | Albert Tavern | Freuchie, Fife |
| West Pennines | Taps | Lytham, Lancashire |
| North East | Boathouse Inn | Wylam, Northumberland |
| Greater Manchester | Crown Hotel | Worthington |
| Merseyside, Cheshire and North Wales | Golden Lion Inn | Llangynhafal, Denbighshire |
| Yorkshire | Kelham Island Tavern | Sheffield, South Yorkshire |
| East Midlands | Old Oak Inn | Horsley Woodhouse, Derbyshire |
| West Midlands | Cock Hotel | Wellington, Shropshire |
| East Anglia | Wheatsheaf | Writtle, Essex |
| Kent | Bull | Horton Kirby |
| Greater London | Bricklayer’s Arms | Putney |
| Surrey and Sussex | Royal Oak | Friday Street, near Rusper, West Sussex |
| South West | Old Spot | Dursley, Gloucestershire |
| South and Mid Wales | Severn Arms | Penybont |
| Wessex and Channel Islands | Prince of Wales | Farnborough, Hampshire |
| Central Southern | Royal Oak Inn | Wantage, Oxfordshire |

### 2008

| Region | Pub Name | Location |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Scotland and Northern Ireland | Marine Hotel | Stonehaven, Grampian |
| West Pennines | Manor Arms | Broughton-in-Furness, Cumbria |
| North East | Kings Arms | Deptford, Sunderland, Tyne and Wear |
| Greater Manchester | Crown | Stockport |
| Merseyside, Cheshire and North Wales | Blue Bell | Halkyn, Flintshire |
| Yorkshire | Kelham Island Tavern | Sheffield, South Yorkshire |
| East Midlands | Arkwright Arms | Sutton cum Duckmanton, Derbyshire |
| West Midlands | Beacon Hotel | Sedgley |
| East Anglia | Chequers | Little Gransden, Cambridgeshire |
| Kent | Butchers Arms | Herne |
| London | Trafalgar | South Wimbledon |
| Surrey and Sussex | Royal Oak | Friday Street, near Rusper, West Sussex |
| South West | Tom Cobley Tavern | Spreyton, Devon |
| South and Mid Wales | Tafarn John y Gwas | Drefech-Felindre, West Wales |
| Wessex and Channel Islands | Red Lion Inn | Kilmington, Wiltshire |
| Central Southern | Royal Oak Inn | Wantage, Oxfordshire |

### 2007

| Region | Pub Name | Location |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Scotland/N.I. | Blue Peter Hotel | Kirkcolm, Dumfries & Galloway |
| North West | Bridge Bier Huis | Burnley, Lancashire |
| North East | Kings Arms | Deptford, Sunderland, Tyne and Wear |
| Greater Manchester | The New Oxford | Salford |
| Merseyside/North Wales | Turks Head | St. Helens |
| Yorkshire | Kelham Island Tavern | Sheffield, South Yorkshire |
| East Midlands | Thorold Arms | Harmston, Lincolnshire |
| West Midlands | The Bell | Pensax, Worcestershire |
| East Anglia | Land of Liberty, Peace and Plenty | Heronsgate, Hertfordshire |
| Kent | Ship Centurion | Whitstable |
| London | Bricklayer’s Arms | Putney |
| Surrey/Sussex | White Horse | Maplehurst, West Sussex |
| South West | Old Spot Inn | Dursley, Gloucestershire |
| South Wales | Borough Arms | Neath, Glamorgan |
| Wessex | Plough Inn | Little London, Hampshire |
| Central Southern | Rose and Crown | Hawridge, Buckinghamshire |

### 2005

| Region | Pub Name | Location |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Scotland/N.I. | Halfway House | Edinburgh |
| North West | Taps, | Lytham St Anne's, Lancashire |
| North East | Robin Hood | Jarrow, Tyne and Wear |
| Greater Manchester | Musketeer | Leigh |
| Merseyside/North Wales | Bhurtpore Inn | Aston, Cheshire |
| Yorkshire | Crown Inn | Manfield, North Yorkshire |
| East Midlands | Old Coach House | Southwell, Nottinghamshire |
| West Midlands | Jolly Crispin | Upper Gornal, West Midlands |
| East Anglia | The Swan | Little Totham, Essex |
| Kent | Shipwrights Arms | Faversham |
| London | Robin Hood & Little John | Bexleyheath |
| Surrey/Sussex | Evening Star | Brighton |
| South West | Check Inn | North Wroughton, Wiltshire |
| South Wales | Wern Fawr Inn | Ystalyfera, Swansea |
| Wessex | Boot Inn | Weymouth, Dorset |
| Central Southern | Bell | Aldworth, Buckinghamshire |

### 2004

| Region | Pub Name | Location |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Scotland/N.I. |  |  |
| North West |  |  |
| North East |  |  |
| Greater Manchester | Arden Arms | Stockport |
| Merseyside/North Wales | Beartown Tap | Congleton, Cheshire |
| Yorkshire | Kelham Island Tavern | Sheffield |
| East Midlands |  |  |
| West Midlands | Olde Swan | Netherton, West Midlands |
| East Anglia | Engineers Arms | Henlow, Bedfordshire |
| Kent |  |  |
| London |  |  |
| Surrey/Sussex |  |  |
| South West | New Inn | Halse, Somerset |
| South Wales |  |  |
| Wessex | Queen's Hotel | Gosport, Hampshire |
| Central Southern |  |  |

## Runners-up


title: National Tennis League

abstract: National Tennis Leagues (NTL) was a tour for professional male tennis players established in 1967 by George MacCall. In 1970 it was sold to the World Championship Tennis (WCT), a competing professional tennis league run by Lamar Hunt.

text:
# National Tennis League

**National Tennis Leagues (NTL)** was a tour for professional male tennis players established in 1967 by George MacCall. In 1970 it was sold to the World Championship Tennis (WCT), a competing professional tennis league run by Lamar Hunt.

## History

The National Tennis League (NTL) was formed by former U.S. Davis Cup captain George MacCall in 1967, as a governing body to an American professional tennis tour. MacCall signed several players to contracts, including Arthur Ashe, Rod Laver, Roy Emerson and Stan Smith.

The NTL followed in the wake of MacCall's departure from the existing International Professional Tennis Association (IPTA), which had been created by promoter Wallace Dill in 1966, and preceded the creation of World Championship Tennis (WCT), formed by Lamar Hunt and David Dixon The NTL differed from the IPTA and from WCT in being the first to sign women to professional contracts in addition to men.

In 1968 Billie Jean King became the first woman of the Open Era to sign a pro contract to tour, in a group with Rosie Casals, Françoise Dürr and Ann Haydon-Jones as the women's section of the National Tennis League. "On April 1, 1968, we signed with the National Tennis League, as George MacCall's troupe was called. Frankie (Durr) and Rosie (Casals) received a guarantee of $20,000 per annum for two years, mine (Ann Haydon-Jones) was $25,000 and Billie Jean King's was $40,000. George envisaged us playing a lot of matches and tournaments amongst ourselves and did not expect us to be as much involved in open tennis as later proved to be the case....We joined the six men that he already controlled - Emerson, Laver, Gimeno, Gonzales, Rosewall and Stolle. A group of ten was an attractive proposition to offer and he believed he was going to do very well from it. His main problem was one of administration. He had to keep flying all over the world to tie up arrangements with the various associations but didn't leave sufficient time to organize his professional tours in America, the most important part of the operation, and didn't seem to be able or willing to delegate."

In June 1969 Fred Podesta's formed Tennis Champions Inc. and became the parent company of the NTL with Podesta as president and MacCall as executive director.

Nevertheless, except for the 1969 and 1971 tournaments, many of the best players missed the Australian Open, because of the remoteness, the inconvenient dates (around Christmas and New Year's Day), and the low prize money. In 1970 the National Tennis League (NTL), which employed Rod Laver, Ken Rosewall, Andrés Gimeno, Pancho Gonzales, Roy Emerson and Fred Stolle, prevented its players from entering the tournament because the guarantees were insufficient. The tournament was ultimately won by Arthur Ashe.

Both professional organizations, the NTL and WCT, banned their contracted players from contesting the grand slams at some stage during their short tenure and this made the International Lawn Tennis Federation, the predecessor of the current ITF, very nervous. That was the catalyst that led to the abandonment of the distinction between amateur and professional tennis players and by 1968, the beginning of the Open Era, all tennis players could compete in all tennis tournaments George MacCall sold the NTL's player contracts to Lamar Hunt in July 1970. He became the first Commissioner of World Team Tennis in 1974. Some of the players he signed to contracts were: Rod Laver, Ken Rosewall, Roy Emerson, Pancho Gonzales, Fred Stolle, Billie Jean King and Rosie Casals. He traveled the world to sign players. Many tournaments had to get their players through George.

## NTL tours

## 1969 NTL earnings

Source. 1. Rod Laver: 30 weeks, $123,405
2. Roy Emerson: 30 weeks, $62,655
3. Ken Rosewall: 20 weeks, $46,800
4. Pancho Gonzales: 22 weeks, $46,320
5. Fred Stolle: 28 weeks, $43,115
6. Andrés Gimeno: 21 weeks, $35,115


abstract: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Madison County, Illinois. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Madison County, Illinois, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map. There are 43 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 2 National Historic Landmarks. Another two properties were once listed but have been removed.           This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.

text:
# National Register of Historic Places listings in Madison County, Illinois

This is a list of the **National Register of Historic Places listings in Madison County, Illinois**.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Madison County, Illinois, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 43 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 2 National Historic Landmarks. Another two properties were once listed but have been removed.

*This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.*

## Current listings

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Alton Chapter House |  | November 28, 1980
(#80001388) | 509 Beacon St.
38°53′35″N 90°11′24″W / 38.893194°N 90.190000°W / 38.893194; -90.190000 (Alton Chapter House) | Alton |  |
| 2 | Alton Gas & Electric Power House |  | August 28, 2019
(#100004309) | 700 W. Broadway
38°53′39″N 90°11′47″W / 38.8942°N 90.1963°W / 38.8942; -90.1963 (Alton Gas & Electric Power House) | Alton |  |
| 3 | Alton Military Prison Site |  | December 31, 1974
(#74000766) | Inside the block bounded by Broadway and William, 4th, and Mill Sts.
38°53′29″N 90°11′22″W / 38.891389°N 90.189444°W / 38.891389; -90.189444 (Alton Military Prison Site) | Alton |  |
| 4 | Alton National Cemetery |  | May 5, 2011
(#11000245) | 600 Pearl St.
38°53′26″N 90°09′48″W / 38.890556°N 90.163333°W / 38.890556; -90.163333 (Alton National Cemetery) | Alton |  |
| 5 | Berleman House |  | March 27, 1980
(#80001391) | 115 S. Main St.
38°48′39″N 89°57′21″W / 38.810750°N 89.955833°W / 38.810750; -89.955833 (Berleman House) | Edwardsville |  |
| 6 | Bethalto Village Hall |  | December 2, 1987
(#87002049) | 124 Main St.
38°54′36″N 90°02′31″W / 38.910000°N 90.041806°W / 38.910000; -90.041806 (Bethalto Village Hall) | Bethalto |  |
| 7 | Brooks Catsup Bottle Water Tower |  | August 13, 2002
(#02000847) | 800 South Morrison Ave.
38°39′46″N 89°58′56″W / 38.662878°N 89.982267°W / 38.662878; -89.982267 (Brooks Catsup Bottle Water Tower) | Collinsville |  |
| 8 | Cahokia Mounds |  | October 15, 1966
(#66000899) | 7850 Collinsville Rd., Cahokia Mounds State Park
38°39′36″N 90°03′44″W / 38.660000°N 90.062222°W / 38.660000; -90.062222 (Cahokia Mounds) | Collinsville | World Heritage Site. Extends into St. Clair County |
| 9 | John Carney House |  | July 28, 1983
(#83000327) | 306 E. Market St.
38°43′44″N 89°52′44″W / 38.728889°N 89.878889°W / 38.728889; -89.878889 (John Carney House) | Troy |  |
| 10 | Chain of Rocks Bridge |  | December 1, 2006
(#06001091) | West Chain of Rocks Rd.
38°45′41″N 90°10′26″W / 38.761389°N 90.173889°W / 38.761389; -90.173889 (Chain of Rocks Bridge) | Madison |  |
| 11 | Christian Hill Historic District |  | May 22, 1978
(#78001165) | Roughly bounded by Broadway, Belle, 7th, Cliff, Bluff, and State Sts.
38°53′42″N 90°11′32″W / 38.895000°N 90.192222°W / 38.895000; -90.192222 (Christian Hill Historic District) | Alton |  |
| 12 | Daniel Dove Collins House |  | November 21, 2002
(#02001385) | 621 W. Main St.
38°40′04″N 89°59′37″W / 38.667778°N 89.993611°W / 38.667778; -89.993611 (Daniel Dove Collins House) | Collinsville |  |
| 13 | Collinsville City Hall and Fire Station |  | August 20, 2004
(#04000865) | 125 S. Center St.
38°40′09″N 89°59′10″W / 38.669167°N 89.986111°W / 38.669167; -89.986111 (Collinsville City Hall and Fire Station) | Collinsville |  |
| 14 | Collinsville Masonic Temple Lodge No. 712 A.F. & A.M. |  | May 22, 2005
(#05000430) | 213 W. Clay St.
38°40′14″N 89°59′19″W / 38.670556°N 89.988611°W / 38.670556; -89.988611 (Collinsville Masonic Temple Lodge No. 712 A.F. & A.M.) | Collinsville |  |
| 15 | Collinsville Township High School |  | August 21, 2023
(#100009253) | 1203 Vandalia St.
38°40′58″N 89°58′40″W / 38.6827°N 89.9777°W / 38.6827; -89.9777 (Collinsville Township High School) | Collinsville |  |
| 16 | Edwardsville Chapter House |  | November 28, 1980
(#80001392) | 515 W. High St.
38°48′51″N 89°57′43″W / 38.814028°N 89.961806°W / 38.814028; -89.961806 (Edwardsville Chapter House) | Edwardsville |  |
| 17 | Emmert-Zippel House |  | May 2, 1996
(#96000511) | 3279 Maryville Rd., 2 miles (3.2 km) north of Illinois Route 162
38°43′20″N 90°06′14″W / 38.722222°N 90.103889°W / 38.722222; -90.103889 (Emmert-Zippel House) | Granite City |  |
| 18 | Glen Carbon Grade School |  | August 25, 2014
(#14000507) | 124 School St.
38°44′55″N 89°58′43″W / 38.748590°N 89.978648°W / 38.748590; -89.978648 (Glen Carbon Grade School) | Glen Carbon |  |
| 19 | Glen Carbon Village Hall and Firehouse |  | April 19, 2018
(#100002326) | 180 Summit Ave.
38°44′56″N 89°58′46″W / 38.748800°N 89.979549°W / 38.748800; -89.979549 (Glen Carbon Village Hall and Firehouse) | Glen Carbon |  |
| 20 | Benjamin Godfrey Memorial Chapel |  | May 10, 1979
(#79000856) | Godfrey Rd.
38°57′01″N 90°11′29″W / 38.950397°N 90.191519°W / 38.950397; -90.191519 (Benjamin Godfrey Memorial Chapel) | Godfrey |  |
| 21 | Granite City YMCA |  | September 5, 2017
(#100001564) | 2001 Edison Ave.
38°42′06″N 90°08′56″W / 38.70179°N 90.148912°W / 38.70179; -90.148912 (Granite City YMCA) | Granite City |  |
| 22 | Guertler House |  | July 30, 1974
(#74000767) | 101 Blair St.
38°54′03″N 90°10′58″W / 38.900833°N 90.182778°W / 38.900833; -90.182778 (Guertler House) | Alton |  |
| 23 | Haskell Playhouse |  | July 30, 1974
(#74000768) | Henry St. in Haskell Park
38°53′55″N 90°10′33″W / 38.898611°N 90.175972°W / 38.898611; -90.175972 (Haskell Playhouse) | Alton |  |
| 24 | Horseshoe Lake Mound and Village Site |  | November 26, 1980
(#80001396) | Southwest of the junction of Illinois Route 111 and Horseshoe Lake Rd.
38°42′15″N 90°04′07″W / 38.704167°N 90.068611°W / 38.704167; -90.068611 (Horseshoe Lake Mound and Village Site) | Granite City |  |
| 25 | Hotel Stratford |  | January 27, 2000
(#99001709) | 229 Market St.
38°53′27″N 90°11′06″W / 38.890833°N 90.185000°W / 38.890833; -90.185000 (Hotel Stratford) | Alton |  |
| 26 | William W. Jarvis House |  | February 3, 1988
(#87002514) | 317 E. Center St.
38°43′36″N 89°52′36″W / 38.726667°N 89.876667°W / 38.726667; -89.876667 (William W. Jarvis House) | Troy |  |
| 27 | Kuhn Station Site |  | November 25, 1980
(#80001393) | Rosewood Hills Dr.
38°47′11″N 89°51′38″W / 38.786389°N 89.860556°W / 38.786389; -89.860556 (Kuhn Station Site) | Edwardsville |  |
| 28 | LeClaire Historic District |  | August 8, 1979
(#79000855) | Roughly bounded by the railroad tracks, Wolf St., and Hadley and Madison
38°48′00″N 89°57′00″W / 38.800000°N 89.950000°W / 38.800000; -89.950000 (LeClaire Historic District) | Edwardsville |  |
| 29 | Marine Chapter House |  | November 28, 1980
(#80001397) | Silver St.
38°47′20″N 89°46′36″W / 38.788889°N 89.776667°W / 38.788889; -89.776667 (Marine Chapter House) | Marine |  |
| 30 | Middletown Historic District |  | July 11, 1978
(#78001166) | Roughly bounded by Broadway, Market, Alton, Franklin, Common, Liberty, Humboldt, and Plum Sts.; also 3rd St. between Market and Piasa St.; also roughly bounded by Front, State, Fourth, Market, Broadway, Third, Alby, Langdon, and Ridge Sts.
38°53′41″N 90°10′28″W / 38.894722°N 90.174444°W / 38.894722; -90.174444 (Middletown Historic District) | Alton | Second and third sets of boundaries represents boundary increases of September 16, 1982 and January 4, 2022 |
| 31 | Miners Institute Building |  | August 29, 1985
(#85001913) | 204 W. Main
38°40′10″N 89°59′15″W / 38.669444°N 89.9875°W / 38.669444; -89.9875 (Miners Institute Building) | Collinsville |  |
| 32 | Mitchell Archeological Site |  | February 7, 1978
(#78001168) | Western end of University Dr.
38°45′32″N 90°05′10″W / 38.758889°N 90.086111°W / 38.758889; -90.086111 (Mitchell Archeological Site) | Mitchell | A boundary increase was approved April 15, 2024. |
| 33 | Mount Lookout |  | June 17, 1980
(#80001389) | 2018 Alby Street
38°54′21″N 90°11′01″W / 38.905833°N 90.183611°W / 38.905833; -90.183611 (Mount Lookout) | Alton |  |
| 34 | Narodni Sin |  | November 21, 2002
(#02001353) | 209-211 E. Vandalia
38°48′49″N 89°57′13″W / 38.813611°N 89.953611°W / 38.813611; -89.953611 (Narodni Sin) | Edwardsville |  |
| 35 | Post House |  | May 28, 1980
(#80001390) | 1516 State St.
38°54′22″N 90°11′43″W / 38.906111°N 90.195278°W / 38.906111; -90.195278 (Post House) | Alton |  |
| 36 | Salem Baptist Church |  | December 31, 2013
(#13001004) | 2001 Seiler Rd.
38°58′01″N 90°07′21″W / 38.967083°N 90.122500°W / 38.967083; -90.122500 (Salem Baptist Church) | Alton |  |
| 37 | St. Louis Street Historic District |  | May 9, 1983
(#83000328) | 603-1306 St. Louis St.
38°48′39″N 89°58′07″W / 38.810833°N 89.968611°W / 38.810833; -89.968611 (St. Louis Street Historic District) | Edwardsville |  |
| 38 | State Bank Building |  | April 23, 2010
(#09000233) | 102 W. Main St.
38°48′25″N 89°57′09″W / 38.806944°N 89.9525°W / 38.806944; -89.9525 (State Bank Building) | Collinsville |  |
| 39 | Benjamin Stephenson House |  | May 31, 1980
(#80001395) | 409 S. Buchanan St.
38°48′25″N 89°57′09″W / 38.806944°N 89.9525°W / 38.806944; -89.9525 (Benjamin Stephenson House) | Edwardsville |  |
| 40 | Lyman Trumbull House |  | May 15, 1975
(#75000667) | 1105 Henry St.
38°53′51″N 90°10′34″W / 38.897500°N 90.176111°W / 38.897500; -90.176111 (Lyman Trumbull House) | Alton |  |
| 41 | Upper Alton Historic District |  | May 2, 1978
(#78001167) | Seminary St., College, Leverett, and Evergreen Aves.
38°54′17″N 90°08′34″W / 38.904722°N 90.142778°W / 38.904722; -90.142778 (Upper Alton Historic District) | Alton |  |
| 42 | John Weir House |  | May 9, 1983
(#83000329) | 715 N. Main St.
38°48′59″N 89°57′42″W / 38.816389°N 89.961667°W / 38.816389; -89.961667 (John Weir House) | Edwardsville |  |
| 43 | Yakel House and Union Brewery |  | May 11, 1982
(#82002585) | 1421-1431 Pearl St.
38°53′35″N 90°09′51″W / 38.893056°N 90.164167°W / 38.893056; -90.164167 (Yakel House and Union Brewery) | Alton |  |

## Former listing

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Date removed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Madison County Sheriff's House and Jail |  | May 31, 1980
(#80001394) | January 2, 2020 | 210 N. Main St.
38°48′48″N 89°57′27″W / 38.813333°N 89.9575°W / 38.813333; -89.9575 (Madison County Sheriff's House and Jail) | Edwardsville |  |
| 2 | Rutherford House |  | March 19, 1982
(#82002584) | December 8, 1995 | 1006 Pearl St.
 | Alton | Demolished in June, 1995. |


abstract: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Madison County, Missouri. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Madison County, Missouri, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map. There are 5 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.           This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.

text:
# National Register of Historic Places listings in Madison County, Missouri

This is a list of the **National Register of Historic Places listings in Madison County, Missouri**.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Madison County, Missouri, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 5 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

*This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.*

## Current listings

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Fredericktown Courthouse Square Historic District |  | July 8, 2009
(#09000503) | 110-145 E. Main St., 106-125 W. Main St., 110-120 S. Main St., and Court Square
37°33′35″N 90°17′30″W / 37.559639°N 90.291667°W / 37.559639; -90.291667 (Fredericktown Courthouse Square Historic District) | Fredericktown |  |
| 2 | Fredericktown Missouri Pacific Railroad Depot |  | February 10, 2000
(#00000088) | 406 Villar St.
37°33′52″N 90°17′30″W / 37.564444°N 90.291667°W / 37.564444; -90.291667 (Fredericktown Missouri Pacific Railroad Depot) | Fredericktown |  |
| 3 | Fredericktown United States Post Office |  | October 8, 2009
(#09000814) | 155 S. Main St.
37°33′31″N 90°17′40″W / 37.558647°N 90.294492°W / 37.558647; -90.294492 (Fredericktown United States Post Office) | Fredericktown |  |
| 4 | Madison County Courthouse |  | December 28, 2000
(#00001548) | 1 Courthouse Sq.
37°33′34″N 90°17′40″W / 37.559444°N 90.294444°W / 37.559444; -90.294444 (Madison County Courthouse) | Fredericktown |  |
| 5 | St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railroad Depot |  | October 19, 2005
(#05001178) | Allen St., 150 feet (46 m) north of its junction with Kelly St.
37°34′03″N 90°17′35″W / 37.5675°N 90.293056°W / 37.5675; -90.293056 (St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railroad Depot) | Fredericktown |  |


abstract: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Limestone County, Alabama. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Limestone County, Alabama, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a Google map. There are 13 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.           This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.

text:
# National Register of Historic Places listings in Limestone County, Alabama

This is a list of the **National Register of Historic Places listings in Limestone County, Alabama**.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Limestone County, Alabama, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a Google map.

There are 13 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

*This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.*

## Current listings

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Athens Courthouse Square Commercial Historic District |  | October 10, 1997
(#97001164) | Roughly bounded by Clinton, Hobbs, Madison, and Green Sts.
34°48′10″N 86°58′16″W / 34.802778°N 86.971111°W / 34.802778; -86.971111 (Athens Courthouse Square Commercial Historic District) | Athens |  |
| 2 | Athens State College Historic District |  | February 14, 1985
(#85000254) | 202-212 and 311 N. Beaty St., central Athens State University campus area roughly bounded by Beaty, Pryor, and Hobbs Sts.
34°48′20″N 86°58′00″W / 34.805556°N 86.966667°W / 34.805556; -86.966667 (Athens State College Historic District) | Athens |  |
| 3 | Belle Mina |  | October 31, 1972
(#72000164) | South of Belle Mina on the Mooresville-Elkton Rd.
34°38′41″N 86°52′49″W / 34.644722°N 86.880278°W / 34.644722; -86.880278 (Belle Mina) | Belle Mina |  |
| 4 | Blackburn House |  | September 20, 1984
(#84000643) | West of Athens
34°47′32″N 87°03′16″W / 34.792222°N 87.054444°W / 34.792222; -87.054444 (Blackburn House) | Athens |  |
| 5 | Cotton Hill |  | December 10, 2014
(#14001003) | 23789 Huntsville-Brownsferry Rd., E.
34°43′49″N 86°53′51″W / 34.7302°N 86.8975°W / 34.7302; -86.8975 (Cotton Hill) | Athens |  |
| 6 | Robert Donnell House |  | September 19, 1973
(#73000354) | 601 S. Clinton St.
34°47′46″N 86°58′05″W / 34.796111°N 86.968056°W / 34.796111; -86.968056 (Robert Donnell House) | Athens |  |
| 7 | George S. Houston Historic District |  | July 20, 1989
(#89000943) | Roughly 2nd Ave., Jefferson St., McClellan St., Marion St., Hobbs St., Madison St., Washington St., and Houston St.
34°48′23″N 86°58′22″W / 34.806389°N 86.972778°W / 34.806389; -86.972778 (George S. Houston Historic District) | Athens |  |
| 8 | Governor George Smith Houston House |  | May 15, 1986
(#86001043) | 101 N. Houston St.
34°48′13″N 86°58′29″W / 34.803611°N 86.974722°W / 34.803611; -86.974722 (Governor George Smith Houston House) | Athens |  |
| 9 | Mooresville |  | April 13, 1972
(#72000165) | Off Interstate 565 (also U.S. Route 72 Alternate and State Route 20)
34°37′26″N 86°52′39″W / 34.623889°N 86.8775°W / 34.623889; -86.8775 (Mooresville) | Mooresville |  |
| 10 | Old Athens, Alabama Main Post Office |  | February 18, 1982
(#82002047) | 310 W. Washington St.
34°48′10″N 86°58′23″W / 34.802639°N 86.973056°W / 34.802639; -86.973056 (Old Athens, Alabama Main Post Office) | Athens |  |
| 11 | Robert Beaty Historic District |  | August 30, 1984
(#84000646) | Roughly bounded by the former Louisville and Nashville railroad line and Forrest, East, and Washington Sts.
34°48′01″N 86°58′01″W / 34.800278°N 86.966944°W / 34.800278; -86.966944 (Robert Beaty Historic District) | Athens |  |
| 12 | Sulphur Trestle Fort Site |  | May 8, 1973
(#73000355) | 1 mile (1.6 km) south of Elkmont
34°54′40″N 86°58′13″W / 34.911111°N 86.970278°W / 34.911111; -86.970278 (Sulphur Trestle Fort Site) | Elkmont | Boundary increase July 21, 2015 |
| 13 | Woodside |  | February 19, 1982
(#82002048) | Southwest of Belle Mina
34°39′06″N 86°52′24″W / 34.651667°N 86.873333°W / 34.651667; -86.873333 (Woodside) | Belle Mina | Destroyed by fire in November 2022. |

## Former listings

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Date removed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Cave Place |  | February 19, 1982
(#82002049) | December 7, 1989 | AL 20
 | Mooresville vicinity |  |


title: Zdravko Stanković

abstract: Zdravko Stanković is a politician in Serbia. He has served in the National Assembly of Serbia since 2016 as a member of the Social Democratic Party.

text:
# Zdravko Stanković

**Zdravko Stanković** (Serbian Cyrillic: Здравко Станковић; born December 4, 1980) is a politician in Serbia. He has served in the National Assembly of Serbia since 2016 as a member of the Social Democratic Party (*Socijaldemokratska stranka*, SDS).

## Early life and career

Stanković is an economist. He was a member of the oppositionist group Otpor! in 2000 and took part in protests against Slobodan Milošević's administration. In August 2000, he was arrested while handing out invitations to an opposition film screening.

## Political career

Stanković was chair of the municipal assembly of Zemun, Belgrade, from 2000 to 2004 and chair of the municipality's provisional council in 2009. From 2008 to 2012, he served on the steering board of Belgrade's directorate for urban planning and construction. In this period, he was a member of the Democratic Party (*Demokratska Stranka*, DS),

Stanković received the 222nd position on the Choice for a Better Life coalition electoral list led by DS leader Boris Tadić in the 2012 Serbian parliamentary election. This was too low a position for election to be a realistic possibility, and indeed he was not elected.

The Democratic Party subsequently split into two factions, with Tadić creating a breakaway group called the New Democratic Party in 2014. This group contested the 2014 election in a fusion with the Greens of Serbia and in alliance with other parties; following the election, the New Democratic Party was reconstituted as the SDS. Stanković sided with Tadić in the split, was a founding member of the new party, and has held positions in its leadership. He appeared in the twenty-ninth position on Tadić's list in the 2014 election; the list won eighteen mandates and he was once again not elected.

Stanković was promoted to the thirteenth position on a coalition list of the SDS and other parties in the 2016 parliamentary election and was elected when the list won thirteen mandates. Serbian Progressive Party and its allies won the election, and the SDS serves in opposition. Stanković is currently a member of the committee on the economy, regional development, trade, tourism, and energy; a deputy member of the committee on spatial planning, transport, infrastructure, and telecommunications; a member of a working group for the political empowerment of persons with disabilities; and a member of the parliamentary friendship groups with Algeria, Azerbaijan, Egypt, Israel, Kazakhstan, the Macedonia, and the countries of Sub-Saharan Africa.

1. ZDRAVKO STANKOVIĆ, Otvoreni Parlament, accessed 25 June 2018.
2. "Belgrade police detain 10 Resistance activists," British Broadcasting Corporation Monitoring European, 24 August 2000 (Source: Beta news agency, Belgrade, in Serbo-Croat 1844 gmt 24 Aug 00).
3. "Prinudna uprava juče preuzela Zemun u 06.45", *Politika*, 17 March 2009, accessed 25 June 2018.
4. ZDRAVKO STANKOVIĆ, Otvoreni Parlament, accessed 25 June 2018.
5. "Prazna zemunska kasa", *Novosti*, 30 July 2009, accessed 25 June 2018.
6. Избори за народне посланике Народне скупштине, 6. мај 2012. године, ИЗБОРНЕ ЛИСТЕ (ИЗБОР ЗА БОЉИ ЖИВОТ- БОРИС ТАДИЋ), Republika Srbija - Republička izborna komisija, accessed 26 January 2017.
7. ZDRAVKO STANKOVIĆ, Otvoreni Parlament, accessed 25 June 2018.
8. Избори за народне посланике Народне скупштине одржани 16. и 23. марта 2014. године, ИЗБОРНЕ ЛИСТЕ (БОРИС ТАДИЋ - Нова демократска странка - Зелени, ЛСВ - Ненад Чанак, Заједно за Србију, VMDK, Заједно за Војводину, Демократска левица Рома), Republika Srbija - Republička izborna komisija, accessed 14 April 2017.
9. Избори за народне посланике 2016. године » Изборне листе (БОРИС ТАДИЋ, ЧЕДОМИР ЈОВАНОВИЋ - САВЕЗ ЗА БОЉУ СРБИЈУ – Либерално демократска партија, Лига социјалдемократа Војводине, Социјалдемократска странка), Republika Srbija - Republička izborna komisija, accessed 26 January 2017.
10. ZDRAVKO STANKOVIC, National Assembly of Serbia, accessed 25 June 2018.


title: Zhiping Weng

abstract: Zhiping Weng is the Li Weibo Professor of biomedical research and chair of the program in integrative biology and bioinformatics at the University of Massachusetts Medical School. She was awarded Fellowship of the International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB) in 2020 for outstanding contributions to computational biology and bioinformatics.

text:
# Zhiping Weng

**Zhiping Weng** is the Li Weibo Professor of biomedical research and chair of the program in integrative biology and bioinformatics at the University of Massachusetts Medical School. She was awarded Fellowship of the International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB) in 2020 for outstanding contributions to computational biology and bioinformatics.

## Education

Weng was educated at the University of Science and Technology of China and Boston University where her PhD on the biochemistry of protein-ligand binding was supervised by Charles DeLisi and awarded in 1997.

## Career and research

Weng's research interests are in bioinformatics, computational biology, genomics, epigenomics and transcriptional regulation. She is known for her ZDOCK suite of protein-protein docking algorithms, leadership of ENCODE, PsychENCODE, and work on small RNA biology and piwi-interacting RNA (piRNAs).

### Awards and honors

Weng is a Fellow of the International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB) and the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE).

## InfoBox

| Zhiping Weng | |
| --- | --- |
| Alma mater | University of Science and Technology of China (BSc)<br>Boston University (PhD) |
| Awards | ISCB Fellow (2020) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields |  |
| Institutions | University of Massachusetts |
| Thesis | *Protein-ligand binding: Effective free energy calculations* (1997) |
| Doctoral advisor | Charles DeLisi |
|  | |
| Website | www.umassmed.edu/zlab/ |


title: National University Hospital

abstract: The National University Hospital (NUH) is a tertiary referral hospital and academic medical centre in Singapore, located in Kent Ridge. It is a 1,160-bed tertiary hospital serving more than 670,000 outpatients and 49,000 inpatients and serves as a clinical training centre and research centre for the medical and dental faculties of the National University of Singapore (NUS). NUH is the flagship hospital of the National University Health System and the principal teaching hospital for the NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine. Its campus includes three national speciality centres, namely the National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), the National University Heart Centre, Singapore (NUHCS) and the National University Centre for Oral Health, Singapore (NUCOHS).

text:
# National University Hospital

| National University Hospital | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Chinese name | |
| Simplified Chinese | 国立大学医院 |
| Traditional Chinese | 國立大學醫院 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Guólì Dàxué Yīyuàn | |
| Malay name | |
| Malay | *Hospital Universiti Nasional Singapura* |
| Tamil name | |
| Tamil | தேசிய பல்கலைக்கழக மருத்துவமனை |
|  | |

The **National University Hospital** (**NUH**) is a tertiary referral hospital and academic medical centre in Singapore, located in Kent Ridge. It is a 1,160-bed tertiary hospital serving more than 670,000 outpatients and 49,000 inpatients and serves as a clinical training centre and research centre for the medical and dental faculties of the National University of Singapore (NUS).

NUH is the flagship hospital of the National University Health System and the principal teaching hospital for the NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine. Its campus includes three national speciality centres, namely the National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), the National University Heart Centre, Singapore (NUHCS) and the National University Centre for Oral Health, Singapore (NUCOHS).

## History

NUH was originally known as the Kent Ridge Hospital according to its proposal as early as 1972, with a second plan drawn in 1975 by the then-University of Singapore Development Unit, when the hospital was planned at the Kent Ridge area, which actually cost $193 million to build, with an initial projection of 752 beds and a cost of $143 million. Construction began in 1980 and the entire project was completed at the end of 1984. NUH was the first privately run, government-owned hospital under the owner and managed by Temasek Holdings.

NUH received its new staff on 15 January 1985 (on the same day itself, Kent Ridge Hospital was renamed to NUH). The hospital opened to the public and received its first patients on 24 June 1985, with the opening of two departments namely the Department of Medicine and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery. The hospital was then officially opened on 17 June 1986 by Goh Chok Tong, then First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Defence. Prior to its opening, clinical training for the students of NUS was carried out at the Singapore General Hospital (SGH), where the university's medical school was located until it moved to the new NUS campus at Kent Ridge in 1986.

The hospital was originally owned by Temasek Holdings, a government investment holding company. It came under the Ministry of Health's Health Corporation of Singapore (HCS) in 1987. In 1990, the government decided to hand over the governance of the hospital to the National University of Singapore (NUS). This was in tune with the government's idea of making NUH the principal medical teaching institution of Singapore. In order to avoid duplication of services, the government decided to make highly specialised units available at only two places, SGH and NUH. All other hospitals were to house general speciality departments only. Since NUH was too large a financial operation to be transferred entirely in one go, the hospital first reverted to Temasek Holdings before being transferred to NUS in phases. The hospital added in a 200-bed, seven-storey tower ward block, eight operating theatres, and intensive care units over an area of 3.2 ha at a cost of S$100 million.

NUH was conferred the Joint Commission International (JCI) accreditation in August 2004 and the Singapore Service Class award in July 2004. It also received a triple ISO certification:

In August 2007, Minister for Health Khaw Boon Wan announced plans to build two new national centres at NUH for heart and cancer treatments. The National University Heart Centre, Singapore (NUHCS) announced its plans during a press conference on 2 December 2008 to improve its care and treatment for patients. This will be done by scoping patient care and the delivery of clinical services into four systematic, holistic, and phased programmes:

In January 2008, NUH and the National University of Singapore's Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Dentistry came together to form the National University Health System. This helped meet the healthcare needs as it brought about synergy that will be achieved from the integration of education and clinical care. Plans on the National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS) were announced in 2009. To meet the increasing and anticipated upward trend in healthcare demand, the infrastructure on the Kent Ridge campus will be developed to include extensive research and education facilities to be housed in the NUHS Centre for Translational Medicine building, and two national centres for Cancer and Cardiovascular Medicine at the NUH site.

In April 2014, the National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS) moved into the NUH Medical Centre, providing one-stop holistic and comprehensive care, management and treatment for both adult and paediatric oncology patients. Covering over 13,000 square metres and occupying levels 8, 9 and 10, the NCIS is housed alongside other outpatient medical specialisations at the NUH Medical Centre and is a one-stop centre for the prevention, management and treatment of cancer.

In January 2013, the NCIS and JurongHealth signed a Memorandum of Understanding known as the Western Cancer Action Network - WCAN - to develop a plan that will lead to the provision of cancer care for people living in the western half of Singapore.

NUH was involved in the successful treatment of six-year-old Oscar Saxelby-Lee from the UK, who had been suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia since December 2018 Oscar became only the second child in the world to undergo CAR-T therapy. He arrived in November 2019 and was discharged back to the UK in April 2020. His treatment had been crowdfunded.

## Infrastructure

Built in 1985, NUH's main building and service block are situated in a north–south orientation and conveniently linked by a service and communications "spine". The designers separated the "service tunnel" from the pedestrian levels, taking advantage of the slope. The blocks respond to the tropical climate with recessed windows, verandahs, and concrete sunshades. Shady courtyards that act as reservoirs of cool air enhance cross-ventilation in the non-air-conditioned interiors.

Kent Ridge Wing 2 was completed in 1996. It comprises an inpatient wing and also houses specialist outpatient clinics and service centres.

Operational since July 2013, the 19-storey NUH Medical Centre is the hospital's newest outpatient facility to serve primarily subsidised patients. Located directly above the Kent Ridge MRT station and designed with patients in mind, it brings about greater accessibility and convenience especially for elderly patients. Buildings are linked by bridges.

## National specialty centres

### National University Cancer Institute, Singapore

The National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS) is a national specialty centre and the only public cancer centre in Singapore treating both paediatric and adult cancers in one facility. The NCIS offers a broad spectrum of cancer care and management that ranges from public education, screening and early diagnosis, to treatment, and long-term health maintenance. These span across blood cancers and blood disorders, breast, colorectal, gynaecological, head and neck, liver, pancreatic and biliary, thoracic, urologic, upper gastrointestinal, paediatric haematological malignancies, brain and musculoskeletal cancers. The NCIS houses multidisciplinary tumour groups including but not limited to the Division of Surgical Oncology, the Department of HaematologyOncology and the Department of Radiation Oncology.

### National University Heart Centre, Singapore

The National University Heart Centre, Singapore (NUHCS), provides treatment and management of complex cardiovascular diseases with focus areas on heart failure, congenital heart disease, acute coronary syndrome, and vascular disease.

### National University Centre for Oral Health, Singapore

The National University Centre for Oral Health, Singapore (NUCOHS) brings together NUH's University Dental Cluster (UDC) and NUS's Faculty of Dentistry (FOD) as a national specialty centre for specialist oral healthcare services.

* Norman Edwards, Peter Keys (1996). *Singapore: a guide to buildings, streets, places*. Times Books International. p. 321. ISBN 978-981-204-781-6.
* Koh, J. T. (May 3, 1991). "World's first births from 'lab womb' achieved in S'pore". The Straits Times. p. 1.
* Loh, S. (June 30, 1993). "First in Asia; Pregnant without ovaries". The Straits Times. pp. Life! pages 1–2.
* "New fees scheme introduced for senior doctors at NUH". The Straits Times. May 3, 1990. p. 23.
* "The Straits Times". July 6, 2000. p. 33.
* Toh, S. (September 6, 1990). "NUH scores a first with artificial womb pregnancy". The Straits Times. p. 1.

1°17′42.3″N 103°46′58.2″E / 1.295083°N 103.782833°E / 1.295083; 103.782833

## InfoBox

| National University Hospital
国立大学医院 (Chinese)
*Hospital Universiti Nasional Singapura* (Malay)
தேசிய பல்கலைக்கழக மருத்துவமனை (Tamil) | |
| --- | --- |
| National University Health System | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Geography | |
| Location | 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore |
| Organisation | |
| Funding | Public hospital |
| Type | Teaching, District General |
| Affiliated university | Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS |
| Services | |
| Emergency department | Yes Accident & Emergency |
| Beds | 1239 |
| Public transit access | Kent Ridge |
| History | |
| Opened | 24 June 1985 (1985-06-24) |
| Links | |
| Website | www.nuh.com.sg |
| Lists | Hospitals in Singapore |


title: Zende

abstract: Zende is a village in the Lobaye region in the Central African Republic southwest of the capital, Bangui. Nearby towns and villages include Kinga (2.4 nm), Karawa (1.7 nm), Mbousi (8.3 nm), Gbokopeteme (4.9 nm) and Bobangui (8.6 nm).

text:
# Zende

**Zende** is a village in the Lobaye region in the Central African Republic southwest of the capital, Bangui.

Nearby towns and villages include Kinga (2.4 nm), Karawa (1.7 nm), Mbousi (8.3 nm), Gbokopeteme (4.9 nm) and Bobangui (8.6 nm).

## InfoBox

| Zende | |
| --- | --- |
| ZendeLocation in Central African Republic | |
| Coordinates: 4°11′57″N 18°9′9″E / 4.19917°N 18.15250°E / 4.19917; 18.15250 | |
| Country | Central African Republic |
| Prefecture | Lobaye |
| District | Mbaki |


title: Zimnochy-Susły

abstract: Zimnochy-Susły is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Suraż, within Białystok County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) east of Suraż and 21 km (13 mi) south of the regional capital Białystok.

text:
# Zimnochy-Susły

**Zimnochy-Susły** \[ʑimˈnɔxɨ ˈsuswɨ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Suraż, within Białystok County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) east of Suraż and 21 km (13 mi) south of the regional capital Białystok.

## InfoBox

| Zimnochy-Susły | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Zimnochy-Susły | |
| Coordinates: 52°56′35″N 23°4′12″E / 52.94306°N 23.07000°E / 52.94306; 23.07000 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Podlaskie |
| County | Białystok |
| Gmina | Suraż |


title: Zimnitsa, Dobrich Province

abstract: Zimnitsa is a village in the municipality of Krushari, in Dobrich Province, in northeastern Bulgaria.

text:
# Zimnitsa, Dobrich Province

**Zimnitsa** is a village in the municipality of Krushari, in Dobrich Province, in northeastern Bulgaria.

## InfoBox

| Zimnitsa | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| ZimnitsaLocation in Bulgaria | |
| Coordinates: 43°51′55″N 27°37′20″E / 43.86528°N 27.62222°E / 43.86528; 27.62222 | |
| Country | Bulgaria |
| Province | Dobrich Province |
| Municipality | Krushari |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


abstract:
This is a list of Registered Historic Places in North Kingstown, Rhode Island.
  -
    -           This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.

text:
# National Register of Historic Places listings in North Kingstown, Rhode Island

This is a list of **Registered Historic Places in North Kingstown, Rhode Island**.

**Contents:** Counties in Rhode Island
| Bristol | Kent | Newport | Providence | Washington |
| --- |

*This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.*

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Allen-Madison House |  | March 28, 1980
(#80000015) | Post Rd.
41°37′06″N 71°25′16″W / 41.618333°N 71.421111°W / 41.618333; -71.421111 (Allen-Madison House) | North Kingstown |  |
| 2 | David S. Baker Estate |  | August 4, 2011
(#11000512) | 51 & 67 Prospect Ave.
41°33′54″N 71°27′11″W / 41.565°N 71.453056°W / 41.565; -71.453056 (David S. Baker Estate) | North Kingstown |  |
| 3 | Camp Endicott |  | October 19, 1978
(#78000015) | Between 7th and 10th Sts.
41°36′10″N 71°25′59″W / 41.602778°N 71.433056°W / 41.602778; -71.433056 (Camp Endicott) | North Kingstown | Mostly demolished; some Quonset huts survive at the Seabee Museum and Memorial Park |
| 4 | Silas Casey Farm |  | August 14, 1973
(#73000006) | Boston Neck Rd.
41°30′40″N 71°26′01″W / 41.511111°N 71.433611°W / 41.511111; -71.433611 (Silas Casey Farm) | North Kingstown |  |
| 5 | Cocumscossoc Archeological Site |  | April 12, 1993
(#93000605) | 55 Richard Smith Drive
41°35′00″N 71°27′16″W / 41.5833°N 71.4544°W / 41.5833; -71.4544 (Cocumscossoc Archeological Site) | North Kingstown | Area around one of state's oldest houses has yielded considerable information from digs |
| 6 | Crowfield Historic District |  | July 19, 1985
(#85001646) | Boston Neck Rd.
41°32′00″N 71°25′27″W / 41.533333°N 71.424167°W / 41.533333; -71.424167 (Crowfield Historic District) | North Kingstown |  |
| 7 | Davisville Historic District |  | July 19, 1985
(#85001645) | Davisville Rd.
41°37′17″N 71°28′52″W / 41.621389°N 71.481111°W / 41.621389; -71.481111 (Davisville Historic District) | North Kingstown |  |
| 8 | Devil's Foot Cemetery Archeological Site, RI-694 |  | November 15, 1984
(#84000562) | Address Restricted
 | North Kingstown |  |
| 9 | George Douglas House |  | October 10, 1975
(#75000006) | South of Allenton at Tower Hill and Gilbert Stuart Rds.
41°31′18″N 71°27′46″W / 41.521667°N 71.462778°W / 41.521667; -71.462778 (George Douglas House) | North Kingstown |  |
| 10 | Ezekial Gardner House |  | July 19, 1985
(#85001654) | 297 Pendar Rd.
41°31′47″N 71°28′35″W / 41.529722°N 71.476389°W / 41.529722; -71.476389 (Ezekial Gardner House) | North Kingstown |  |
| 11 | Hamilton Mill Village Historic District |  | November 3, 1983
(#83003874) | Boston Neck and Martha Rds., Salisbury and Web Aves.
41°32′56″N 71°26′19″W / 41.548889°N 71.438611°W / 41.548889; -71.438611 (Hamilton Mill Village Historic District) | North Kingstown |  |
| 12 | Lafayette Village |  | November 14, 1978
(#78000019) | Ten Rod Road
41°34′24″N 71°28′59″W / 41.573333°N 71.483056°W / 41.573333; -71.483056 (Lafayette Village) | North Kingstown |  |
| 13 | Stephen Northup House |  | July 19, 1985
(#85001653) | 99 Featherbed Lane
41°33′05″N 71°26′52″W / 41.551389°N 71.447778°W / 41.551389; -71.447778 (Stephen Northup House) | North Kingstown | Built by early Providence and Narragansett settler, Stephen Northup |
| 14 | Old Narragansett Cemetery |  | July 19, 1985
(#85001655) | Shermantown Rd.
41°31′08″N 71°28′42″W / 41.518889°N 71.478333°W / 41.518889; -71.478333 (Old Narragansett Cemetery) | North Kingstown |  |
| 15 | Old Narragansett Church |  | July 2, 1973
(#73000009) | 60 Church Lane, Wickford
41°34′21″N 71°26′59″W / 41.5725°N 71.449722°W / 41.5725; -71.449722 (Old Narragansett Church) | North Kingstown |  |
| 16 | Palmer-Northrup House |  | April 11, 1973
(#73000010) | 7919 Post Rd.
41°34′37″N 71°27′40″W / 41.576944°N 71.461111°W / 41.576944; -71.461111 (Palmer-Northrup House) | North Kingstown |  |
| 17 | Joseph Pierce Farm |  | July 19, 1985
(#85001652) | 933 Gilbert Stuart Rd.
41°31′22″N 71°26′42″W / 41.522778°N 71.445°W / 41.522778; -71.445 (Joseph Pierce Farm) | North Kingstown |  |
| 18 | Plum Beach Lighthouse |  | March 30, 1988
(#88000281) | Off Plum Beach, western passage of Narragansett Bay
41°31′48″N 71°24′20″W / 41.53°N 71.405556°W / 41.53; -71.405556 (Plum Beach Lighthouse) | North Kingstown |  |
| 19 | Poplar Point Lighthouse |  | February 25, 1988
(#87001703) | 1 Poplar Ave.
41°34′15″N 71°26′23″W / 41.570833°N 71.439722°W / 41.570833; -71.439722 (Poplar Point Lighthouse) | North Kingstown |  |
| 20 | Rathbun House |  | July 19, 1985
(#85001651) | 343 Beacon Dr.
41°34′20″N 71°30′20″W / 41.572222°N 71.505556°W / 41.572222; -71.505556 (Rathbun House) | North Kingstown |  |
| 21 | Benoni Ross House |  | December 28, 2008
(#08000717) | 97 Lafayette Road
41°34′24″N 71°29′24″W / 41.573333°N 71.49°W / 41.573333; -71.49 (Benoni Ross House) | North Kingstown |  |
| 22 | St. Paul's Church |  | June 30, 1972
(#72000009) | 76 Main St.
41°34′17″N 71°27′01″W / 41.571389°N 71.450278°W / 41.571389; -71.450278 (St. Paul's Church) | North Kingstown |  |
| 23 | Esbon Sanford House |  | July 19, 1985
(#85001649) | 88 Featherbed Lane
41°33′04″N 71°26′55″W / 41.551111°N 71.448611°W / 41.551111; -71.448611 (Esbon Sanford House) | North Kingstown |  |
| 24 | Saunderstown Historic District |  | July 19, 1985
(#85001647) | Roughly bounded by Stillman, Waterway, Willet, Boston Neck & Ferry Rds.
41°30′28″N 71°25′21″W / 41.507778°N 71.4225°W / 41.507778; -71.4225 (Saunderstown Historic District) | North Kingstown |  |
| 25 | Scrabbletown Historic and Archeological District |  | April 11, 1985
(#85000790) | Address Restricted
 | North Kingstown |  |
| 26 | Shady Lea Historic District |  | July 19, 1985
(#85001644) | Shady Lea and Tower Hill Rds.
41°32′07″N 71°27′56″W / 41.535278°N 71.465556°W / 41.535278; -71.465556 (Shady Lea Historic District) | North Kingstown |  |
| 27 | Six Principle Baptist Church |  | November 21, 1978
(#78000022) | 85 Old Baptist Rd.
41°35′34″N 71°29′29″W / 41.592778°N 71.491389°W / 41.592778; -71.491389 (Six Principle Baptist Church) | North Kingstown |  |
| 28 | Joseph Slocum House |  | July 19, 1985
(#85001648) | Slocum Rd.
41°31′35″N 71°31′04″W / 41.526389°N 71.517778°W / 41.526389; -71.517778 (Joseph Slocum House) | North Kingstown |  |
| 29 | Spink Farm |  | July 19, 1985
(#85001650) | 1325 Shermantown Rd.
41°30′34″N 71°29′50″W / 41.509444°N 71.497222°W / 41.509444; -71.497222 (Spink Farm) | North Kingstown |  |
| 30 | Gilbert Stuart Birthplace |  | October 15, 1966
(#66000004) | Gilbert Stuart Rd.
41°31′36″N 71°26′44″W / 41.526667°N 71.445556°W / 41.526667; -71.445556 (Gilbert Stuart Birthplace) | North Kingstown | Birthplace of Gilbert Stuart, portraitist of George Washington and other Revolutionary figures. Preserved intact. |
| 31 | Wickford Historic District |  | December 31, 1974
(#74000013) | Roughly bounded by Tower Hill and Post Rds. as far N as Mill Cove and S to Lindley Ave
41°34′12″N 71°27′24″W / 41.57°N 71.456667°W / 41.57; -71.456667 (Wickford Historic District) | North Kingstown |  |
| 32 | YWCA Site |  | November 20, 1980
(#80000027) | Address Restricted
 | North Kingstown |  |


abstract: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Nome Census Area, Alaska. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Nome Census Area, Alaska, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a Google map. There are 20 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the census area, including 3 National Historic Landmarks. Another property was once listed but has been removed.           This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.

text:
# National Register of Historic Places listings in Nome Census Area, Alaska

This is a list of the **National Register of Historic Places listings in Nome Census Area, Alaska**.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Nome Census Area, Alaska, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a Google map.

There are 20 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the census area, including 3 National Historic Landmarks. Another property was once listed but has been removed.

*This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.*

## Current listings

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Anvil Creek Gold Discovery Site |  | October 15, 1966
(#66000159) | About 4.25 miles (6.84 km) north of Nome, along Anvil Creek
64°33′13″N 165°25′26″W / 64.55372°N 165.42382°W / 64.55372; -165.42382 (Anvil Creek Gold Discovery Site) | Nome | Also a contributing site to Cape Nome Mining District Discovery Sites. |
| 2 | Jacob Berger House |  | August 3, 1977
(#77000219) | 308 2nd Avenue
64°29′57″N 165°24′33″W / 64.49929°N 165.40908°W / 64.49929; -165.40908 (Jacob Berger House) | Nome |  |
| 3 | Bureau of Indian Affairs Unalakleet School |  | May 22, 2002
(#02000536) | Along E Street and F Street, west of Main Road
63°52′18″N 160°47′16″W / 63.87164°N 160.7879°W / 63.87164; -160.7879 (Bureau of Indian Affairs Unalakleet School) | Unalakleet |  |
| 4 | Cape Nome Mining District Discovery Sites |  | June 2, 1978
(#78000535) | Nome Beach Site, Anvil Creek Gold Discovery Site, Snow Creek Placer Claim No. 1 and Erik Lindblom Placer Claim
64°32′58″N 165°24′46″W / 64.54943°N 165.41278°W / 64.54943; -165.41278 (Cape Nome Mining District Discovery Sites) | Nome |  |
| 5 | Cape Nome Roadhouse |  | December 12, 1976
(#76000361) | Mile 14 of Nome-Council Highway
64°26′33″N 164°58′38″W / 64.44261°N 164.97721°W / 64.44261; -164.97721 (Cape Nome Roadhouse) | Nome |  |
| 6 | Council City and Solomon River Railroad |  | March 2, 2001
(#01000109) | Mile 31 of Nome-Council Highway
64°32′46″N 164°26′12″W / 64.54612°N 164.43657°W / 64.54612; -164.43657 (Council City and Solomon River Railroad) | Solomon |  |
| 7 | Discovery Saloon |  | April 3, 1980
(#80000759) | Corner of West Lomen Avenue and West D Street
64°29′58″N 165°24′53″W / 64.49936°N 165.41477°W / 64.49936; -165.41477 (Discovery Saloon) | Nome |  |
| 8 | Fort St. Michael |  | November 10, 1977
(#77000221) | Vicinity of St. Michael
63°28′42″N 162°02′23″W / 63.47833°N 162.03968°W / 63.47833; -162.03968 (Fort St. Michael) | St. Michael |  |
| 9 | Gambell Sites |  | October 15, 1966
(#66000160) | Address restricted
 | St. Lawrence Island |  |
| 10 | Iyatayet site |  | October 15, 1966
(#66000158) | Northwestern shore of Cape Denbigh on Norton Bay
 | Cape Denbigh Peninsula |  |
| 11 | Erik Lindblom Placer Claim |  | November 21, 1976
(#76000362) | About 6 miles (9.7 km) northwest of Nome
64°35′10″N 165°26′08″W / 64.58613°N 165.43565°W / 64.58613; -165.43565 (Erik Lindblom Placer Claim) | Nome | Also a contributing site to Cape Nome Mining District Discovery Sites. |
| 12 | *Norge* Storage Site |  | October 9, 1974
(#74000441) | Front Avenue
65°15′43″N 166°21′40″W / 65.26181°N 166.361°W / 65.26181; -166.361 (*Norge* Storage Site) | Teller | Warehouse where remains of the Arctic airship *Norge* were stored after its 1926 overflight of the North Pole. |
| 13 | Old St. Joseph's Catholic Church |  | March 8, 2000
(#00000149) | Across Bering Street, in front of West Seppala Drive
64°30′00″N 165°24′28″W / 64.49989°N 165.40768°W / 64.49989; -165.40768 (Old St. Joseph's Catholic Church) | Nome |  |
| 14 | Pilgrim Hot Springs |  | April 11, 1977
(#77000223) | About 8 miles (13 km) south of Mile 65 of Kougarok Road
65°05′34″N 164°55′23″W / 65.09272°N 164.92297°W / 65.09272; -164.92297 (Pilgrim Hot Springs) | Teller |  |
| 15 | St. Michael Redoubt Site |  | November 10, 1977
(#77000222) | Address restricted
 | St. Michael |  |
| 16 | Snow Creek Placer Claim No. 1 |  | September 28, 1976
(#76000363) | About 6.5 miles (10.5 km) north of Nome
64°35′49″N 165°24′26″W / 64.59706°N 165.40731°W / 64.59706; -165.40731 (Snow Creek Placer Claim No. 1) | Nome | Also a contributing site to Cape Nome Mining District Discovery Sites. |
| 17 | Solomon Roadhouse |  | September 17, 1980
(#80000760) | Mile 32 of Nome-Council Highway
64°33′31″N 164°26′34″W / 64.55874°N 164.44279°W / 64.55874; -164.44279 (Solomon Roadhouse) | Solomon |  |
| 18 | Swanberg Dredge |  | March 12, 2001
(#01000232) | Mile 1 of Nome-Council Highway
64°29′33″N 165°21′58″W / 64.49261°N 165.36611°W / 64.49261; -165.36611 (Swanberg Dredge) | Nome |  |
| 19 | Teller Mission Orphanage |  | October 21, 2001
(#01001117) | Corner of Post Officer Road and Tuksuk Street
65°19′57″N 166°29′10″W / 65.33237°N 166.48611°W / 65.33237; -166.48611 (Teller Mission Orphanage) | Brevig Mission | Building no more standing since 2015. |
| 20 | Wales Sites |  | October 15, 1966
(#66000161) | Address restricted
 | Wales |  |

## Former listing

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Date removed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | *Lt. C. V. Donaldson* |  | April 11, 1977
(#77000220) | January 3, 1990 | Southern tip of Belmont Point
64°30′05″N 165°25′25″W / 64.50128°N 165.42351°W / 64.50128; -165.42351 (*Lt. C. V. Donaldson*) | Nome | Wreck no more present on the beach. |
| 2 | Carrie McLain House |  | December 19, 1978
(#78000534) | June 4, 1990 | Belmont Point
 | Nome |  |

1. The latitude and longitude information provided in this table was derived originally from the National Register Information System, which has been found to be fairly accurate for about 99% of listings. Some locations in this table may have been corrected to current GPS standards.
2. National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior, "National Register of Historic Places: Weekly List Actions", retrieved October 4, 2024.
3. Numbers represent an alphabetical ordering by significant words. Various colorings, defined here, differentiate National Historic Landmarks and historic districts from other NRHP buildings, structures, sites or objects.
4. "National Register Information System". *National Register of Historic Places*. National Park Service. April 24, 2008.
5. The eight-digit number below each date is the number assigned to each location in the National Register Information System database, which can be viewed by clicking the number.
6. Federal and state laws and practices restrict general public access to information regarding the specific location of this resource. In some cases, this is to protect archeological sites from vandalism, while in other cases it is restricted at the request of the owner. See: Knoerl, John; Miller, Diane; Shrimpton, Rebecca H. (1990), *Guidelines for Restricting Information about Historic and Prehistoric Resources*, National Register Bulletin, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, OCLC 20706997.
7. This location is derived from its National Historic Landmark data page Archived 2012-09-12 at the Wayback Machine; the NRIS lists it as "Address Restricted"


title: Zillergründl Dam

abstract: The Zillergründl Dam is an arch dam on the Ziller River in the upper Ziller Valley of Tyrol state, Austria. It lies 16 km (10 mi) east of Mayrhofen. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation and it supports a 360 MW pumped-storage power station. As part of the Zemm-Ziller Development, construction on the dam began in 1981 and, along with the Häusling Pumped Storage Power Plant, it was completed in 1986. The power plant was fully commissioned by 1988. The dam is the second tallest in Austria.

text:
# Zillergründl Dam

The **Zillergründl Dam** is an arch dam on the Ziller River in the upper Ziller Valley of Tyrol state, Austria. It lies 16 km (10 mi) east of Mayrhofen. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation and it supports a 360 MW pumped-storage power station. As part of the Zemm-Ziller Development, construction on the dam began in 1981 and, along with the Häusling Pumped Storage Power Plant, it was completed in 1986. The power plant was fully commissioned by 1988. The dam is the second tallest in Austria.

## Design and operation

At an elevation of 1,850.7 m (6,072 ft) above sea level, the Zillergründl is a 186 m (610 ft) tall and 502 m (1,647 ft) long variable-radius arch dam with a structural volume of 1,373,000 m3 (1,795,816 cu yd). The dam is 6 m (20 ft) wide at its crest and 36 m (118 ft) at its base. Its reservoir has a capacity of 89,500,000 m3 (72,559 acre⋅ft), of which 88,800,000 m3 (71,991 acre⋅ft) is active (or "useful") capacity. At normal levels, the reservoir has a catchment area of 67 km2 (26 sq mi). The reservoir operates at elevations from 1,850 m (6,070 ft) to 1,740 m (5,709 ft), which is the draw-down level.

Water released from the reservoir reaches the **Häusling Power Plant** 10 km (6 mi) downstream. The power plant is located at an elevation of 1,060 m (3,478 ft) and contains two 180 MW Francis turbine-generators. It is afforded 744 m (2,441 ft) of hydraulic head given the difference in elevations. Using its pumped-storage capability, the power-station receives water from the Stillupp Reservoir 8 km (5 mi) to the west in an adjacent valley at 47°07′17″N 11°51′58″E / 47.12139°N 11.86611°E / 47.12139; 11.86611 (Stillupp Dam) and pumps it up to the Zillergründl Reservoir. The pumping and replenishment of the reservoir occur at night, during low energy demand periods. The process is repeated; electricity is generated during high-demand periods and pumping occurs during low-demand periods when electricity is cheaper.

## InfoBox

| Zillergründl Dam | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location of Zillergründl Dam in Austria | |
| Country | Austria |
| Coordinates | 47°07′15″N 12°03′43″E / 47.12083°N 12.06194°E / 47.12083; 12.06194 |
| Status | Operational |
| Construction began | 1981 |
| Opening date | 1986 |
| Owner(s) | Verbund AG |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Type of dam | Arch, variable-radius |
| Impounds | Ziller River |
| Height | 186 m (610 ft) |
| Length | 502 m (1,647 ft) |
| Elevation at crest | 1,850.7 m (6,072 ft) |
| Width (crest) | 6 m (20 ft) |
| Width (base) | 36 m (118 ft) |
| Dam volume | 1,373,000 m3 (1,795,816 cu yd) |
| Reservoir | |
| Creates | Zillergründl Reservoir |
| Total capacity | 89,500,000 m3 (72,559 acre⋅ft) |
| Active capacity | 88,800,000 m3 (71,991 acre⋅ft) |
| Catchment area | 67 km2 (26 sq mi) |
| Normal elevation | 1,850 m (6,070 ft) |
| Häusling Power Plant | |
| Coordinates | 47°08′46″N 11°58′02″E / 47.14611°N 11.96722°E / 47.14611; 11.96722 |
| Commission date | 1986-1988 |
| Hydraulic head | 744 m (2,441 ft) |
| Turbines | 2 x 180 MW Francis-type |
| Installed capacity | 360 MW |
| Annual generation | 179.4 GWh |


title: Ziller

abstract: The Ziller is a right tributary to the Inn, in the Zillertal in Tyrol, Austria. It is 55.7 km (34.6 mi) long, and its basin area is 1,135 km⁲ (438 sq mi). It springs from the ridge of the Zillertal Alps, and feeds the Zillergründl Dam. In Mayrhofen it receives the Zemmbach. By Zell am Ziller, it receives the Gerlosbach, before flowing into the Inn by Strass im Zillertal. For historical reasons, the Ziller—first mentioned in 927 as Zilare—for most of its course makes up the border between the Diocese of Innsbruck on the west and the Archdiocese of Salzburg on the east. The Ziller today shows a good presence of brown trout and rainbow trout, as well as grayling. It is up to 20 m (66 ft) wide and 2 m deep, and it has an average discharge of 43.1 m⁳/s (1,520 cu ft/s).

text:
# Ziller

The **Ziller** (German pronunciation: \[ˈt͡sɪlɐ\] ) is a right tributary to the Inn, in the Zillertal in Tyrol, Austria. It is 55.7 km (34.6 mi) long, and its basin area is 1,135 km2 (438 sq mi). It springs from the ridge of the Zillertal Alps, and feeds the Zillergründl Dam. In Mayrhofen it receives the Zemmbach (that in turn receives the Tuxbach). By Zell am Ziller, it receives the Gerlosbach, before flowing into the Inn by Strass im Zillertal.

For historical reasons, the Ziller—first mentioned in 927 as *Zilare*—for most of its course makes up the border between the Diocese of Innsbruck on the west and the Archdiocese of Salzburg on the east. The Ziller today shows a good presence of brown trout and rainbow trout, as well as grayling. It is up to 20 m (66 ft) wide and 2 m (6 ft 7 in) deep, and it has an average discharge of 43.1 m3/s (1,520 cu ft/s).

## InfoBox

| Ziller | |
| --- | --- |
| Ziller near Mayrhofen | |
| Mouth of Ziller | |
| Location | |
| Country | Austria |
| State | Tyrol |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| location | Zillertal Alps |
|  | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Inn |
| coordinates | 47°24′25″N 11°50′14″E / 47.4070°N 11.8372°E / 47.4070; 11.8372 |
| Length | 55.7 km (34.6 mi) |
| Basin size | 1,135 km2 (438 sq mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | InnDanubeBlack Sea |


title: Zipingpu Dam

abstract: Zipingpu Dam (紫坪铺水利枢纽) is an embankment dam on the Min River near the city of Dujiangyan, Sichuan Province in southwest China. It consists of four generators with a total generating capacity of 760 MW. Construction began in 2001 and was finished late 2006. The dam site was originally developed during the Shu-Han nearly 2000 years ago. The traditional Dujiangyan Irrigation System consisting of canals, levees, and dams, has been in use since 256 BC.

text:
# Zipingpu Dam

**Zipingpu Dam** (紫坪铺水利枢纽) is an embankment dam on the Min River near the city of Dujiangyan, Sichuan Province in southwest China. It consists of four generators with a total generating capacity of 760 MW. Construction began in 2001 and was finished late 2006. The dam site was originally developed during the Shu-Han nearly 2000 years ago.

The traditional Dujiangyan Irrigation System consisting of canals, levees, and dams, has been in use since 256 BC.

## Controversy

The 7.9 magnitude quake on May 12, 2008 caused some damage to the dam, with its wall being cracked and fissured. The reservoir had to be gradually drained to permit consolidation works.

The reservoir is located just a few kilometers from the 2008 earthquake epicenter, and just a few hundred meters from the fault. Some geologists hypothesized that the loading and unloading of the crust below the reservoir caused by changes in the water level may have somehow acted as a trigger to the earthquake. However, this hypothesis has not been demonstrated.

## InfoBox

| Zipingpu Dam | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location of Zipingpu Dam in China | |
| Coordinates | 31°02′07″N 103°34′26″E / 31.03528°N 103.57389°E / 31.03528; 103.57389 |
| Construction began | March 2001 |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Type of dam | Embankment, concrete-face rock-fill |
| Impounds | Min River |
| Height | 156 metres (512 ft) |
| Length | 663 m (2,175 ft) |
| Reservoir | |
| Creates | Zipingpu Reservoir |
| Total capacity | 1,120,000,000 cubic metres (907,999 acre⋅ft) |
| Power Station | |
| Installed capacity | 760 MW |


title: Natural Albania

abstract: Natural Albania is a nationalist political party in Albania created in 2010 by Koço Danaj. The main objective of the party is to propose a pacific solution to establish Greater Albania. The idea of unification has roots in the events of the Treaty of London in 1913, when roughly half of the predominantly Albanian territories and 40% of the population were left outside the new country's border.

text:
# Natural Albania

**Natural Albania** (Albanian: *Shqiperia Natyrale*) is a nationalist political party in Albania created in 2010 by Koço Danaj. The main objective of the party is to propose a pacific solution to establish Greater Albania. The idea of unification has roots in the events of the Treaty of London in 1913, when roughly half of the predominantly Albanian territories and 40% of the population were left outside the new country's border.

1. "United Albania". Archived from the original on 2012-01-04. Retrieved 2010-11-07.
2. "The "natural Albania", a further attemp \[*sic*\] to put merger with Kosovo in the political agenda". *Nationalia*. 30 April 2013. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
3. Janusz Bugajski (2002). Political Parties of Eastern Europe: A Guide to Politics in the Post-Communist Era. M.E. Sharpe. p. 675. ISBN 978-1-56324-676-0. Retrieved 29 May 2012. "Roughly half of the predominantly Albanian territories and 40% of the population were left outside the new country's borders"

## InfoBox

| Natural Albania Shqiperia Natyrale | |
| --- | --- |
| Leader | Koço Danaj |
| Founded | 2010 |
| Headquarters | Tirana |
| Ideology | Albanian nationalism<br>Kosovar–Albanian unionism |
| Website | |
| www.shqiperianatyrale.org | |
|  | |


title: Zingara (film)

abstract: Zingara is a 1969 Italian musicarello romantic comedy film directed by Mariano Laurenti. It is named after the Bobby Solo's hit song "Zingara".

text:
# Zingara (film)

***Zingara*** (Italian for *Gypsy woman*) is a 1969 Italian *musicarello* romantic comedy film directed by Mariano Laurenti. It is named after the Bobby Solo's hit song "Zingara".

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Zingara | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Mariano Laurenti |
| Written by | Roberto Gianviti<br>Dino Verde |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Tino Santoni |
| Music by | Willy Brezza |
| Distributed by | Variety Distribution |
| Release date | * 1969 (1969) |
| Language | Italian |


abstract: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Hale County, Alabama. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Hale County, Alabama, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in an online map. There are 21 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 2 National Historic Landmarks.           This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.

text:
# National Register of Historic Places listings in Hale County, Alabama

This is a list of the **National Register of Historic Places listings in Hale County, Alabama**.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Hale County, Alabama, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in an online map.

There are 21 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 2 National Historic Landmarks.

*This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.*

## Current listings

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Battersea |  | July 7, 1994
(#94000698) | County Road 8, east of its junction with State Route 69
32°30′37″N 87°42′11″W / 32.5103°N 87.7031°W / 32.5103; -87.7031 (Battersea) | Prairieville |  |
| 2 | Bermuda Hill |  | July 7, 1994
(#94000692) | State Route 69 north of its junction with County Road 2
32°31′48″N 87°41′39″W / 32.53°N 87.6942°W / 32.53; -87.6942 (Bermuda Hill) | Prairieville |  |
| 3 | Borden Oaks |  | July 7, 1994
(#94000685) | North of County Road 28, east of its junction with State Route 14
32°43′04″N 87°41′21″W / 32.7178°N 87.6892°W / 32.7178; -87.6892 (Borden Oaks) | Greensboro vicinity |  |
| 4 | Emory School |  | February 20, 1998
(#98000109) | County Road 16, approximately 1 mile west of its junction with State Route 69
32°36′46″N 87°41′48″W / 32.6128°N 87.6967°W / 32.6128; -87.6967 (Emory School) | Greensboro vicinity |  |
| 5 | John Erwin House |  | January 18, 1978
(#78000488) | 705 Erwin Dr.
32°42′01″N 87°35′45″W / 32.7004°N 87.5959°W / 32.7004; -87.5959 (John Erwin House) | Greensboro |  |
| 6 | Greensboro Historic District |  | August 13, 1976
(#76000328) | Main St. between Hobson and 1st
32°42′14″N 87°36′05″W / 32.7039°N 87.6014°W / 32.7039; -87.6014 (Greensboro Historic District) | Greensboro |  |
| 7 | Hatch House |  | October 11, 1991
(#91001483) | Junction of State Route 14 and Norfleet Rd.
32°43′23″N 87°37′43″W / 32.7231°N 87.6286°W / 32.7231; -87.6286 (Hatch House) | Greensboro |  |
| 8 | Alfred Hatch Place at Arcola |  | January 6, 1988
(#87001784) | Route 1, County Road 2
32°33′59″N 87°46′12″W / 32.5664°N 87.77°W / 32.5664; -87.77 (Alfred Hatch Place at Arcola) | Arcola |  |
| 9 | Hawthorne |  | July 7, 1994
(#94000694) | County Road 8 just north of its junction with State Route 69
32°30′50″N 87°41′59″W / 32.5139°N 87.6997°W / 32.5139; -87.6997 (Hawthorne) | Prairieville |  |
| 10 | Kerby House |  | July 7, 1994
(#94000697) | County Road 8 southeast of its junction with State Route 69
32°30′21″N 87°41′14″W / 32.5058°N 87.6872°W / 32.5058; -87.6872 (Kerby House) | Prairieville |  |
| 11 | Magnolia Grove |  | April 11, 1973
(#73000345) | Western end of Main St.
32°42′18″N 87°36′39″W / 32.705°N 87.6108°W / 32.705; -87.6108 (Magnolia Grove) | Greensboro |  |
| 12 | Magnolia Hall |  | June 25, 2021
(#100006665) | 805 Otts St.
32°42′09″N 87°35′27″W / 32.7024°N 87.5907°W / 32.7024; -87.5907 (Magnolia Hall) | Greensboro |  |
| 13 | McGehee-Stringfellow House |  | September 17, 1980
(#80000686) | Northwest of Greensboro on State Route 30
32°45′07″N 87°40′41″W / 32.751944°N 87.678056°W / 32.751944; -87.678056 (McGehee-Stringfellow House) | Greensboro vicinity | Collapsed in the 1980s |
| 14 | Millwood |  | September 26, 1989
(#89000314) | Roughly bounded by Millwood Pond, County Road 17, and the Black Warrior River
32°39′34″N 87°44′59″W / 32.659444°N 87.749722°W / 32.659444; -87.749722 (Millwood) | Greensboro vicinity |  |
| 15 | Moundville |  | October 15, 1966
(#66000149) | 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Moundville on State Route 21
33°00′23″N 87°37′56″W / 33.006389°N 87.632222°W / 33.006389; -87.632222 (Moundville) | Moundville |  |
| 16 | Oak Grove School |  | March 3, 1998
(#98000108) | 0.25 miles west of State Route 69, 1 mile north of the junction of U.S. Route 80 and State Route 69
32°32′48″N 87°40′48″W / 32.546667°N 87.68°W / 32.546667; -87.68 (Oak Grove School) | Prairieville |  |
| 17 | Payne House |  | July 7, 1994
(#94000690) | U.S. Route 61 southeast of Greensboro
32°41′26″N 87°34′36″W / 32.690556°N 87.576667°W / 32.690556; -87.576667 (Payne House) | Greensboro vicinity |  |
| 18 | St. Andrew's Church |  | November 7, 1973
(#73000347) | U.S. Route 80
32°30′39″N 87°42′05″W / 32.510833°N 87.701389°W / 32.510833; -87.701389 (St. Andrew's Church) | Prairieville |  |
| 19 | Augusta Sledge House |  | July 7, 1994
(#94000686) | County Road 12 between State Routes 25 and 61, southwest of Newbern
32°31′11″N 87°34′08″W / 32.519722°N 87.568889°W / 32.519722; -87.568889 (Augusta Sledge House) | Newbern vicinity | Destroyed |
| 20 | Tanglewood |  | April 11, 1973
(#73000346) | About 11 miles north of Greensboro off State Route 23
32°51′20″N 87°39′37″W / 32.855556°N 87.660278°W / 32.855556; -87.660278 (Tanglewood) | Akron vicinity |  |
| 21 | Waldwic |  | July 22, 1994
(#94000684) | Western side of State Route 69, south of Gallion
32°29′03″N 87°42′56″W / 32.484167°N 87.715556°W / 32.484167; -87.715556 (Waldwic) | Gallion vicinity |  |


title: Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory

abstract: The United States Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory (NRDL) was an early military lab created to study the effects of radiation and nuclear weapons. The facility was based at the Hunter's Point Naval Shipyard in San Francisco, California.

text:
# Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory

The United States **Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory** (**NRDL**) was an early military lab created to study the effects of radiation and nuclear weapons. The facility was based at the Hunter's Point Naval Shipyard in San Francisco, California.

## History

The NRDL was formed in 1946 to manage testing, decontamination, and disposition of US Navy ships contaminated by the Operation Crossroads nuclear tests in the Pacific. A number of ships that survived the atomic detonations were towed to Hunter's Point for detailed study and decontamination. Some of the ships were cleaned and sold for scrap. The aircraft carrier USS *Independence*, which had been heavily damaged and contaminated with nuclear fallout by Operation Crossroads explosions in July 1946, was brought to the NRDL for study. After years of trying in vain to decontaminate the ship enough that it could be safely sold for scrap, the Navy ultimately packed the ship full of nuclear waste and scuttled the radioactive hulk off California near the Farallon Islands in January 1951. The ship's wreck was discovered resting upright under 790 m of water in 2009.

The NRDL used several buildings at the Hunter's Point shipyard from 1946 to 1969. Working with the newly formed US Atomic Energy Commission (predecessor to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission established in 1974), the Navy conducted a wide variety of radiation experiments on materials and animals at the lab, including the construction of a cyclotron on the site for use in radiation experiments and storage for various nuclear materials.

### Activities

An article published 2 May 2001 in SF Weekly detailed various aspects of nuclear testing at NRDL from declassified records:

> The NRDL often experimented with and disposed of nuclear material with little apparent concern that it was operating in the middle of a major metropolitan area. Among other things, historical documents show, scientists at the NRDL:
>
> * – Oversaw the dumping of huge amounts of contaminated sand and acid into San Francisco Bay after they were used in attempts to clean irradiated ships.
> * – Spread radioactive material on- and off-base, as if it were fertilizer, to practice decontamination.
> * – Burned radioactive fuel oil in a boiler, discharging the smoke into the atmosphere.
> * – Sold radioactive ships as scrap metal to a private company in Alameda.
> * – Hung a source of cobalt-60, a nuclear isotope that emits high-energy electromagnetic radiation similar to X-rays, in San Francisco Bay for two weeks, apparently just to see what would happen.
> * – Conducted human experiments that included requiring people to drink radioactive elements.
> * – Experimented with significant amounts of a wide variety of long-lived radiological poisons, including plutonium, cesium, uranium, thorium and radium.
> * – Studied and disposed of thousands of irradiated mice, rats, dogs, goats, mules, and pigs, among other animals. At one point, the lab owned a ranch in Contra Costa County used specifically to raise animals for radiation testing.
> * – Sought permission to dump 1,000 gallons of liquid waste containing "small amounts of fission products" into San Francisco Bay, as an experiment to study how tidal action would dilute the radioactivity. The experiment was meant as a precursor to the disposal of 1,000 gallons of liquid radioactive waste in the bay every day. (The documents do not say whether the experiment or the daily dumping occurred.)Davis, Lisa, Fallout, SF Weekly

### Contamination

The first use of radioactive materials at NRDL predated the issuing of licenses by the Atomic Energy Commission, but the AEC later issued licenses for a broad spectrum of radioactive materials to be used in research at the NRDL. Radioactive materials specific to nuclear weapon testing were exempted from AEC licensing. For closure of the NRDL in 1969, the AEC issued licenses for decommissioning activities. AEC licenses for the shipyard and NRDL were terminated in the 1970s.

The NRDL testing and decontamination activities caused significant contamination of the shipyard site. The NRDL and the military radiation training school at nearby Naval Station Treasure Island loaded the nuclear waste left from experiments into steel barrels and sent weekly barges to dump them offshore near the Gulf of the Farallons, which is a US National Wildlife Refuge and a major commercial fishery. Between 1946 and 1970, records estimate the lab and naval station dumped an estimated 47,000 drums of nuclear waste in the Pacific Ocean 30 miles west of San Francisco, creating the first and largest offshore nuclear waste dump in the United States. The USGS states the barrels contain only "low-level radioactive waste," but this is disputed by historical records and experts.

The US Navy completed a Historical Radiological Assessment of the Hunter's Point Shipyard in 2004, including the known NRDL facilities on the property, years after the SF Weekly article cited declassified documents showing that many sites and buildings used by NRDL were not included in the Navy's list of sites with potential for radiological contamination. Many of the buildings formerly used by NRDL had been razed by that point.

The former shipyard site is still being decontaminated, and has been split into multiple parcels to allow the Navy to declare them clean and safe for redevelopment separately. While Lennar has built and sold hundreds of new condominium units on the site of the former Hunters Point Naval Shipyard, regulators, activists, and cleanup workers have claimed that the site is still heavily contaminated and that the company contracted to handle the cleanup and testing, Tetra Tech, has repeatedly violated established cleanup protocols, deliberately falsified radiation test results at the site to falsely show that there is little remaining radiation, and fired employees who attempted to force workers to perform radiation tests as required.

37°43′32.18″N 122°22′8.19″W / 37.7256056°N 122.3689417°W / 37.7256056; -122.3689417


title: Natural High (Merle Haggard song)

abstract: "Natural High" is a song written by Freddy Powers, and recorded by American country music artist Merle Haggard backed by The Strangers. It was released in March 1985 as the third single from the album It's All in the Game. The song was Haggard's thirty-third number one single on the country chart as a solo artist. The single featuring harmony vocals by Janie Fricke went to number one for one week and spent a total of twelve weeks on the country chart.

text:
# Natural High (Merle Haggard song)

"**Natural High**" is a song written by Freddy Powers, and recorded by American country music artist Merle Haggard backed by The Strangers. It was released in March 1985 as the third single from the album *It's All in the Game*. The song was Haggard's thirty-third number one single on the country chart as a solo artist. The single featuring harmony vocals by Janie Fricke went to number one for one week and spent a total of twelve weeks on the country chart.

## Personnel

The Strangers:

* Roy Nichols \- lead guitar
* Norm Hamlet – steel guitar
* Tiny Moore – fiddle, mandolin
* Mark Yeary – keyboards
* Dennis Hromek - bass
* Biff Adams - drums
* Jim Belken – fiddle
* Don Markham – horns

## Charts

## InfoBox

| "Natural High" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Merle Haggard | |
| from the album  *It's All in the Game* | |
| B-side | "I Never Go Home Anymore" |
| Released | March 16, 1985 |
| Genre | Country |
| Length | 3:05 |
| Label | Epic |
| Songwriter(s) | Freddy Powers |
| Producer(s) | Ray Baker
Merle Haggard |
| Merle Haggard singles chronology | |
| "A Place to Fall Apart"
(1984) "**Natural High**"
(1985) "Make Up and Faded Blue Jeans"
(1985) | |


title: Zodarion germanicum

abstract: Zodarion germanicum is a spider species of the family Zodariidae. Like most Zodariidae, Z. germanicum is an ant-eating spider. It resembles ants structurally and behaviorally. Z. germanicum specifically mimics large dark ants, such as Formica cinerea, F. truncorum, and Camponotus ligniperda. Zodarion germanicum is up to 5 mm in size. Adults occur in Germany from June to August. Unlike many other zodariid spiders, it is active during the day. If the spider encounters an ant, it retreats and stalks its prey from behind. The bitten ant will continue its walk for about a minute before the poison immobilizes it. Only now the spider will approach its prey and carries it to its hideout.

text:
# Zodarion germanicum

***Zodarion germanicum*** is a spider species of the family Zodariidae.

Like most Zodariidae, *Z. germanicum* is an ant-eating spider. It resembles ants structurally and behaviorally. *Z. germanicum* specifically mimics large dark ants, such as *Formica cinerea*, *F. truncorum*, and *Camponotus ligniperda*.

*Zodarion germanicum* is up to 5 mm in size. Adults occur in Germany from June to August. Unlike many other zodariid spiders, it is active during the day.

If the spider encounters an ant, it retreats and stalks its prey from behind. The bitten ant will continue its walk for about a minute before the poison immobilizes it. Only now the spider will approach its prey and carries it to its hideout.

## Distribution

*Zodarion germanicum* occurs throughout Central Europe.

## Phenology

Juvenile *Zodarion germanicum* become active in April, and, after two weeks, approximately 80% of the population has fully matured into adults. For fully matured adults, mating begins in April as well.

## Shelter

When the spiders are not out (primarily hunting), they “rest and molt in retreats. The retreats are closed solitary “igloo-shaped” shelters, usually attached to a solid substrate, such as the lower surface of stones, usually near an ant nest entrance. Often an aggregation of retreats attached to a stone was found. In the field, the retreats were constructed with a wide variety of materials (e.g., soil or sand grains, plant material, pine needles) held together by webbing” (Pekar 2001). When the retreat is destroyed, the spiders reconstruct it and - in the absence of suitable materials - females spin a sheet web to hide under. Males will, under no circumstances, spin a sheet web.

## Courtship\_and\_Mating

```
Zodarion germanicum has a very complex courtship ritual. Firstly, males very slowly approach females, while vibrating their whole body, waiving their raised forearms, and drumming their palps. When the male has reached a female, he lightly touches her with his forearms, and they then “spar” with palps. If the female consents, then she stays in a normal position while the male inserts “palpal organs first from one side, then from the other side” (Pekar 2001).
```

## Fertility\_and\_Brood

```
Z. germanicum produces eggs that are laid in wolly silk sacks. In one cocoon, there are an average of 16.5 eggs, and each egg has a diameter of approximately 0.9 mm. The eggs are produced around 14 days after copulation. Once the eggs are created, the female Z. germanicum creates a large retreat, and leaves only once every four days to feed. After approximately 40 days, the female dies, and the eggs hatch. The spiderlings stay in the retreat - feeding on the mother - until their first molt, which is within a few days. They then finally leave the large retreat through a small hole, and create retreats of their own.
```
* Pekar, S. & Kral, J. (2002) Mimicry complex in two central European zodariid spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): how *Zodarion* deceives ants. *Biological Journal of the Linnean Society* 75:517–532. Abstract

## Sources

* Kosmos-Atlas Spinnentiere Europas (German)

## InfoBox

| *Zodarion germanicum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Zodariidae |
| Genus: | *Zodarion* |
| Species: | ***Z. germanicum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Zodarion germanicum***
(C. L. Koch, 1837) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Lucia germanica*
*Clubiona amussa*
*Argus germanica*
*Enyo germanica*
 | |


title: Zodarion isabellinum

abstract: Zodarion isabellinum is a spider species found in Spain.

text:
# Zodarion isabellinum

***Zodarion isabellinum*** is a spider species found in Spain.

## InfoBox

| *Zodarion isabellinum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Zodariidae |
| Genus: | *Zodarion* |
| Species: | ***Z. isabellinum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Zodarion isabellinum***<br>(Simon, 1870) | |
|