title: Without Regret (album)

abstract: Without Regret is the first major-label album from American Idol season two seventh place finalist, Kimberly Caldwell. The album was released on April 19, 2011.

text:
# Without Regret (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Slant Magazine* |  |

***Without Regret*** is the first major-label (and second overall) album from *American Idol* season two seventh place finalist, Kimberly Caldwell. The album was released on April 19, 2011.

## Background

Caldwell signed a record deal with Vanguard Records and Capitol Records, and her debut album *Without Regret* was scheduled to be released on April 6, 2010, but was delayed to a July 2010 release date due to the addition of three new songs: the single "Desperate Girls & Stupid Boys", "Naked" and "Hotter Without You", which replaced the songs "Cost of Love", "When I'm Not Around" and "Sleep While I Drive".

In December 2009, she released her first single "Mess of You" and in December 2010 she released "Desperate Girls & Stupid Boys". The video for "Desperate Girls & Stupid Boys" premiered on January 18, 2011 on VEVO.

*Without Regret* was delayed again to December 31 and after a fourth delay, the album was finally released on April 19, 2011, over a year after the original release date.

## Release and reception

The album received negative reviews. AllMusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine gave a rating of 2.5 out of 5 stars, writing: "*Without Regret* is designed as a reminder – a full-blown, air-brushed, impeccably manicured collection of power ballads and updated arena rock designed to showcase Caldwell's strut. Frequently, all these machinations just wind up playing like a straitjacketed, tempered-down Kelly Clarkson, retaining the oversized production but lacking the gargantuan hooks or personality, for that matter." Jonathan Keefe of *Slant Magazine* gave the album's rating a 1.5 out of 5 stars, writing: "Something that Caldwell struggled with during her time on *American Idol* was with song selections, and *Without Regret* is undone by some frankly awful songwriting. ... Still, Caldwell does her damndest to sell the terrible material with conviction and sincerity. Her voice is actually interesting: Her husky alto has a heavy rasp, and she displays quite a bit of power in her lower register."

## Singles

"Mess of You" was released as the first single on Caldwell's official website and MySpace page on December 17, 2009.

"Desperate Girls & Stupid Boys" was the second single released on December 3, 2010, which led to Caldwell to push back the release of the album to its current release date. The song debuted at number 30 on *Billboard*'s Hot Dance Club Play Chart.

## Track listing

Original
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Heart Like Mine" |  | 4:01 |
| 2. | "Going Going Gone" |  | 3:50 |
| 3. | "Mess of You" |  | 3:10 |
| 4. | "Say Love" |  | 4:22 |
| 5. | "Human After All" | * Caldwell * Kelly * Marshall Altman | 3:32 |
| 6. | "Taking Back My Life" |  | 3:15 |
| 7. | "Cost of Love" | Diane Warren | 5:00 |
| 8. | "Frozen" | * Caldwell * Altman * Jason Gaviati * Ryan White | 4:01 |
| 9. | "If You're Gonna Fall" |  | 3:43 |
| 10. | "When I'm Not Around" | Warren | 3:40 |
| 11. | "Sleep While I Drive" | Melissa Etheridge | 3:07 |

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Desperate Girls & Stupid Boys" |  | Tommy Henriksen | 3:26 |
| 2. | "Heart Like Mine" | * DioGuardi * Kroeger * Moi | Marshall Altman | 4:01 |
| 3. | "Naked" |  | Henriksen | 3:03 |
| 4. | "Hotter Without You" | John-Mark Baxter Seltzer | * Henriksen * Seltzer * MachoPsycho | 3:39 |
| 5. | "Say Love" | * Caldwell * Kelly * Thompson | Altman | 4:42 |
| 6. | "Mess of You" | * Grace * Ochs | Altman | 3:10 |
| 7. | "If You're Gonna Fall" | * Silvas * Green * Matkosky | Altman | 3:43 |
| 8. | "Taking Back My Life" | * Epstein * Caldwell | Altman | 3:15 |
| 9. | "Going Going Gone" | * Rodrigues * Schermerhorn * Thomas | Altman | 3:50 |
| 10. | "Frozen" | * Caldwell * Altman * Gaviati * White | Altman | 3:32 |
| 11. | "Human After All" | * Caldwell * Altman * Kelly | Altman | 3:£2 |
| Total length: | | | | 39:58 |

## Personnel

Credits for *Without Regret* adapted from AllMusic.

* Marshall Altman – arranger, percussion, producer, programming, string arrangements, background vocals
* Adam Ayan – mastering
* John Baxter – vocal producer
* Matt Beard – photography
* Kimberly Caldwell – vocals
* Michael Chaves – additional production, acoustic and electric guitars
* Angelica Cob–Baehler – creative director
* Justin Cortelyou – engineer, vocal editing
* Richard Dodd – mastering
* Andy Grush – keyboards
* Tommy Henriksen – bass, engineer, guitar, keyboards, mixing, percussion, piano, producer, programming, synthesizer
* Sean Hurley – bass
* Izler – electric guitar
* Allison Kaplan – background vocals
* Tim Lauer – keyboards, synthesizer
* MachoPsycho – producer, synthesizer
* Jon Maddux – engineer
* Steven Melrose – A&R
* Ari Michelson – photography
* Jamie Muhoberac – bass, keyboards, piano
* Daniel Piscina – assistant engineer, digital editing
* Keely Hawkes Pressly – background vocals
* Zac Rae – effects, Fender Rhodes, noise, organ (Hammond), piano, synthesizer, Wurlitzer
* Eric Robinson – additional production, engineer, mixing
* Jason Roller – acoustic guitar
* John-Mark Baxter Seltzer – guitar, piano, producer, vocal producer, background vocals
* Carrie Smith – art direction, design, package design
* Chris Steffen – assistant engineer
* Aaron Sterling – drums, percussion
* Joe Zook – additional production, mixing

## InfoBox

| Without Regret | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Kimberly Caldwell | |
| Released | April 19, 2011 |
| Recorded | 2009–2010 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 40:21 (Original)
39:58 (Official release) |
| Label |  |
| Producer |  |
| Kimberly Caldwell chronology | |
| *Kimberly Caldwell*
(1996) ***Without Regret***
(2011) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Without Regret* | |
| 1. "Mess of You"
Released: February 23, 2010 2. "Desperate Girls & Stupid Boys"
Released: December 3, 2010 | |
| Alternative cover | |
|  | |
| Original 2010 cover | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Forest of Chaux

abstract: The Forest of Chaux is the fifth largest forest in France. Its 20,493 hectares are located in the region of Franche-Comté on the plains west of the Jura mountains. Exploitation of the forest dates back to the thirteenth century, and there is an ancient tradition of raftsmen floating timber down the Loue to the Saône and the Rhone, and thence to the Mediterranean. Today, the "Confrérie Saint Nicolas" maintains the raftsman tradition on the Loue. When Franche-Comté became part of France in 1678, the Crown took possession of the Forest because of its potential for supplying timber for the Royal navy. In 1779, Louis XIV ordered the construction of the Royal Saltworks at Arc-et-Senans near the forest so that the works could use its wood to produce salt by boiling brine.

text:
# Forest of Chaux

The **Forest of Chaux** is the fifth largest forest in France. Its 20,493 hectares are located in the region of Franche-Comté on the plains west of the Jura mountains.

Exploitation of the forest dates back to the thirteenth century, and there is an ancient tradition of raftsmen floating timber down the Loue to the Saône and the Rhone, and thence to the Mediterranean. Today, the "Confrérie Saint Nicolas" maintains the raftsman tradition on the Loue.

When Franche-Comté became part of France in 1678, the Crown took possession of the Forest because of its potential for supplying timber for the Royal navy. In 1779, Louis XIV ordered the construction of the Royal Saltworks at Arc-et-Senans near the forest so that the works could use its wood to produce salt by boiling brine.

## InfoBox

| Forest of Chaux<br>French: *Forêt de Chaux* | |
| --- | --- |
| The defunct railroad station of Grand-Contour, situated within the forest | |
| Map | |
|  | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Jura, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France |
| Coordinates | 47°04′03″N 5°34′50″E / 47.06754°N 5.58042°E / 47.06754; 5.58042 |
| Area | 204 square kilometres (79 sq mi) |
| Administration | |
| Status | National Forest |
| Governing body | National Forests Office |
| Ecology | |
| Dominant tree species | Sessile oak |


title: Missa brevis (Nystedt)

abstract: The Missa brevis, Op. 102, is a Latin mass of short duration composed by Knut Nystedt in 1984. He scored it for a mixed choir a cappella. It was also published by Carus-Verlag in 2003.

text:
# Missa brevis (Nystedt)

The **Missa brevis**, Op. 102, is a Latin mass of short duration composed by Knut Nystedt in 1984. He scored it for a mixed choir a cappella. It was also published by Carus-Verlag in 2003.

## Background

The Norwegian composer Knut Nystedt grew up in a Christian family, where hymns and classical music were part of everyday life. Among roughly 300 choral compositions, which account for three quarters of his works, he wrote several pieces of sacred music, including *De Profundis*, Op. 54, a 1966 setting of Psalm 130, and *Immortal Bach* for five choirs, based on Bach's "Komm, süßer Tod". He composed the Missa brevis in 1984. It was first published by Roberton Publications (later named Norsk Musikkforlag) in 1985, and again by Carus-Verlag in 2003.

## Structure and music

Nystedt set the complete Latin mass text but in a concise way, therefore calling it Missa brevis (short mass). He wrote the mass for mixed choir a capella. He structured the text in the usual five movements, which he simply provided with metronome figures instead of verbal tempo markings:

* Kyrie
* Gloria
* Credo
* Sanctus – Benedictus
* Agnus Dei

All parts are divided at times. The Kyrie begins with dissonant tension. In the Gloria, Nystedt follows the text in complex rhythm. The Credo contrasts the different aspects of the text. The Sanctus begins with chord clusters. Agnus Dei is contemplative and ends in a simple "dona nobis pacem".

The duration is given as 15 minutes.

## Performances and recordings

The mass has become popular for church services and concerts. Parts of it were included in a list of compulsory pieces for a 2018 choir competition.

In 2012, it was recorded by the Kuopio Academic Chamber Choir, conducted by Heikki Liimola, as part of the collection *Uusi laulu laulakaa* (Sing a New Song) of music by mostly Scandinavian composers such as Erkki Tuppurainen and Einojuhani Rautavaara. It was recorded in 2017 by the Deutscher Jugendkammerchor chamber choir as the final part of the collection *Nachtschichten* (Night shifts), which also includes works by Brahms and Reger, Ravel's *Trois Chansons* and Arvo Pärt's *The Deer's Cry*.

## InfoBox

| Missa brevis | |
| --- | --- |
| by Knut Nystedt | |
| The composer in 2007 | |
| Opus | 102 |
| Text | Mass Ordinary |
| Language | Latin |
| Composed | 1984 (1984) |
| Published | 1985 (1985) |
| Movements | Five |
| Vocal | SATB choir |


title: Hallicrafters SX-28

abstract: The Hallicrafters SX-28 "Super Skyrider" is an American shortwave communications receiver that was produced between 1940 and 1946 that saw wide use by amateur radio, government and military services.

text:
# Hallicrafters SX-28

The **Hallicrafters SX-28** "Super Skyrider" is an American shortwave communications receiver that was produced between 1940 and 1946 that saw wide use by amateur radio, government and military services.

## History

In July 1940, the Hallicrafters Company announced the SX-28 "Super Skyrider", the result of a development effort by 12 staff engineers and analysis of more than 600 reports that included input from U.S. government engineers, commercial users, and amateur radio operators. The SX-28's distinctive art deco styling was considered sleek and strikingly modern in 1940. The radio frequency coverage was 550 kHz (0.55 MHz) to 43 MHz in six bands. The SX-28 included an Amplified AVC, a Lamb Noise Silencer, Calibrated bandspread, and Push-Pull audio output. The SX-28 was known for its high fidelity audio together with high sensitivity, stability and selectivity, and good purchase value.

The SX-28 saw use by various branches of U.S. and allied military and intelligence agencies during World War II. SX-28 and Hallicrafters S-27 and S-36 receivers were often rack mounted in British government listening posts and secret listening stations for monitoring German radar and communications during the war such as Beaumanor Hall in the English Midlands where German and Italian encrypted radio messages were sent to Bletchley Park for decoding. A number of the receivers were sent to the Soviet Union as a part of the Lend Lease Act, subsequently modified to accommodate Russian tubes.

Hallicrafters published that 50,000 SX-28 and SX-28As had been built by the end of its production run in 1946, however the serial numbers appear to indicate a production figure of half, approximately 27,500 receivers. Many of the SX-28/28As that exist today are in the hands of vintage amateur radio collectors and amateur radio operators.

## The "Skyrider" name

The name "Skyrider" was intended to bestow an aura of exotic adventure to Hallicrafters products and had a long history with the company. The first Hallicrafters set to be dubbed with the name was the 1932 S-1.

## Variations

Variations and special versions of the SX-28 were produced over the years. During World War II, Hallicrafters continued to redesign portions of the SX-28.

### Specialty versions

## General references

* de Hensler, Max. The Hallicrafters Story. Charleston, West Virginia: ARCA Press, 1988
* Moore, Raymond. Communications Receivers, Fourth Edition. La Belle, Florida: RSM Communications, 1997
* Osterman, Fred. Shortwave Receivers Past and Present. Reynoldsburg, Ohio: Universal Radio Research, 1998
* Dachis, Chuck. Radios by Hallicrafters. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Books for Collectors, 1999
* SX-28 and SX-28A Manuals, VOLs. XII and XVI, Riders Perpetual Troubleshooting Manual
* AN/GRR-2 Manual, Army # TM-11-874, military SX-28A
* QST, July,1940 to 1946
* ARRL Handbook 1946


title: John Gould Fletcher

abstract: John Gould Fletcher was an Imagist poet, author and authority on modern painting. He was born in Little Rock, Arkansas, to a socially prominent family. After attending Phillips Academy, Andover, Fletcher went on to Harvard University from 1903 to 1907, but dropped out shortly after his father's death.

text:
# John Gould Fletcher

**John Gould Fletcher** (January 3, 1886 – May 10, 1950) was an Imagist poet (the first Southern poet to win the Pulitzer Prize), author and authority on modern painting. He was born in Little Rock, Arkansas, to a socially prominent family. After attending Phillips Academy, Andover, Fletcher went on to Harvard University from 1903 to 1907, but dropped out shortly after his father's death.

## Background

Fletcher lived in England for a large portion of his life. While in Europe he associated with Amy Lowell, Ezra Pound, and other Imagist poets; he was one of the six Imagists who adopted the name and stuck to it until their aims were achieved. Fletcher resumed a liaison with Florence Emily "Daisy" Arbuthnot (née Goold) at her house in Kent. She had been married to Malcolm Arbuthnot and Fletcher's adultery with her was the grounds for the divorce. The couple married on July 5, 1916. The marriage produced no children, but Arbuthnot's son and daughter from her previous marriage lived with the couple, who later divorced.

On January 18, 1936, Fletcher married a noted author of children's books, Charlie May Simon. The two of them built "Johnswood", a residence on the bluffs of the Arkansas River, then outside Little Rock. They traveled frequently to New York for the intellectual stimulation, and to the American West and South for the climate, after Fletcher developed chronic arthritis.

Fletcher suffered from depression, and on May 10, 1950, died by suicide by drowning himself in a pond near his home in Little Rock, Arkansas. Fletcher is buried at historic Mount Holly Cemetery in Little Rock. A branch of the Central Arkansas Library System is named in his honor.

## Poetry

In 1913 Ezra Pound in his *New Freewoman* review commended Fletcher for the individuality of rhythm in his first volume of poems. Those early works include *Irradiations: Sand and Spray* (1915), and *Goblins and Pagodas* (1916). Amy Lowell said of him, "No one is more absolute master of the rhythm of verse libre". Fletcher invented the term 'polyphonic prose' to describe some poetic experiments of Amy Lowell, a form he experimented with in *Goblins & Pagodas*. In later poetic works Fletcher returned to more traditional forms. These include *The Black Rock* (1928), *Selected Poems* (1938), for which he won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1939, "South Star" published by Macmillan (1941), and *The Burning Mountain* (1946). Fletcher later moved back to Arkansas to reconnect with his roots. The subject of his works turned increasingly towards Southern issues and traditionalism.

In the late 1920s and 1930s Fletcher was active with a group of Southern writers and poets known as the Southern Agrarians. This group published the classic Agrarian manifesto *I'll Take My Stand*, a collection of essays rejecting Modernity and Industrialism. In 1937 he wrote his autobiography, *Life is My Song*, and in 1947 he published *Arkansas*, a history of his home state.

Johnswood, his Little Rock home, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Writings

* *Irradiations: Sand and Spray*, Boston, Houghton Mifflin Co., 1915
* *Goblins and Pagodas*, Boston, Houghton Mifflin Co., 1916
* *Japanese Prints*, Four Seas, 1918, LC 18017484
* *The Tree of Life*, London, Chattus Windus, 1918
* *Breakers and Granite*, New York, MacMillan Co., 1921
* *Paul Gauguin, His Life and Art*, N. L. Brown, 1921, LC 20114210
* *Preludes and Symphonies*, Macmillan, 1930 ISBN 978-1-4255-0347-5
* *XXIV Elegies*, Writers' Editions, Santa Fe, 1935
* *Life Is My Song: The Autobiography Of John Gould Fletcher*, Farrar & Rinehart, 1937 ISBN 978-0-404-17098-1
* *South Star*, New York, MacMillan Co., 1941

## Further reading

* *John Gould Fletcher and Imagism*, Edmund S. de Chasca, University of Missouri Press, 1978
* *Fierce Solitude, A Life of John Gould Fletcher*, Ben Johnson III, University of Arkansas Press, 1994


title: Mart (given name)

abstract:
Mart is a masculine given name in Dutch, Estonian and less often in English. People named Mart include:
  - Mart Bax, Dutch anthropologist
  - Mart Bras, Dutch water polo player
  - Mart Crowley (1935–2020), American playwright
  - Mart Dijkstra, Dutch footballer
  - Mart Duggan (1848–1888), American gunfighter and lawman
  - Mart Green, American businessman
  - Mart Helme, Estonian historian, journalist, diplomat and politician
  - Mart Järvik, Estonian politician
  - Mart Jüssi, Estonian ecologist and politician
  - Mart Juur, Estonian writer, humorist, journalist, music critic, editor and television presenter
  - Mart Kadastik, Estonian journalist
  - Mart Kampus, Estonian actor and theatre director
  - Mart Kangur, Estonian poet, translator and philosopher
  - Mart Kenney (1910–2006), Canadian jazz musician
  - Mart Kivastik, Estonian film director, screenwriter, playwright and novelist
  - Mart Kuusik (1877–1965), Estonian rower
  - Mart Laar, Estonian politician and historian
  - Mart Laga (1936–1977), Estonian basketball player
  - Mart Lepp, Estonian art collector
  - Mart Lieder, Dutch footballer
  - Mart Markus, Estonian speed skater and coach
  - Mart McChesney (1954–1999), American actor
  - Mart Murdvee (1951–2022), Estonian psychologist and scholar
  - Mart Müürisepp, Estonian actor
  - Mart Nooij, Dutch football manager
  - Mart Nutt, Estonian politician and historian
  - Mart Ojavee, Estonian cyclist
  - Mart Opmann, Estonian politician
  - Mart Paama (1938–2006), Estonian track and field athlete
  - Mart Poom, Estonian football goalkeeper
  - Mart Port (1922–2012), Estonian architect
  - Mart Raud (1903–1980), Estonian poet, playwright and writer
  - Mart Saar (1882–1963), Estonian composer
  - Mart Saarma, Estonian molecular biologist
  - Mart Sander, Estonian singer, actor, director, author and television host
  - Mart Seim, Estonian weightlifter
  - Mart Siimann, Estonian politician
  - Mart Siliksaar, Estonian badminton player and coach
  - Mart Smeets, Dutch journalist
  - Mart Stam (1899–1986), Dutch architect and furniture designer
  - Mart Taniel, Estonian film director, cinematographer and film operator
  - Mart Toome, Estonian actor
  - Mart Ummelas (1953–2020), Estonian journalist
  - Mart Ustav, Estonian biomedical scientist
  - Mart Vilt (1935–2021), Estonian middle-distance runner

text:
# Mart (given name)

**Mart** is a masculine given name in Dutch, Estonian and less often in English.

People named Mart include:

* Mart Bax (born 1937), Dutch anthropologist
* Mart Bras (born 1950), Dutch water polo player
* Mart Crowley (1935–2020), American playwright
* Mart Dijkstra (born 1990), Dutch footballer
* Mart Duggan (1848–1888), American gunfighter and lawman
* Mart Green, American businessman
* Mart Helme (born 1949), Estonian historian, journalist, diplomat and politician
* Mart Järvik (born 1956), Estonian politician
* Mart Jüssi (born 1965), Estonian ecologist and politician
* Mart Juur (born 1964), Estonian writer, humorist, journalist, music critic, editor and television presenter
* Mart Kadastik (born 1955), Estonian journalist
* Mart Kampus (born 1961), Estonian actor and theatre director
* Mart Kangur (born 1971), Estonian poet, translator and philosopher
* Mart Kenney (1910–2006), Canadian jazz musician
* Mart Kivastik (born 1963), Estonian film director, screenwriter, playwright and novelist
* Mart Kuusik (1877–1965), Estonian rower
* Mart Laar (born 1960), Estonian politician and historian
* Mart Laga (1936–1977), Estonian basketball player
* Mart Lepp (born 1947), Estonian art collector
* Mart Lieder (born 1990), Dutch footballer
* Mart Markus (born 1990), Estonian speed skater and coach
* Mart McChesney (1954–1999), American actor
* Mart Murdvee (1951–2022), Estonian psychologist and scholar
* Mart Müürisepp (born 1991), Estonian actor
* Mart Nooij (born 1954), Dutch football manager
* Mart Nutt (born 1962), Estonian politician and historian
* Mart Ojavee (born 1981), Estonian cyclist
* Mart Opmann (born 1956), Estonian politician
* Mart Paama (1938–2006), Estonian track and field athlete
* Mart Poom (born 1972), Estonian football goalkeeper
* Mart Port (1922–2012), Estonian architect
* Mart Raud (1903–1980), Estonian poet, playwright and writer
* Mart Saar (1882–1963), Estonian composer
* Mart Saarma (born 1949), Estonian molecular biologist
* Mart Sander (born 1967), Estonian singer, actor, director, author and television host
* Mart Seim (born 1990), Estonian weightlifter
* Mart Siimann (born 1946), Estonian politician
* Mart Siliksaar (born 1949), Estonian badminton player and coach
* Mart Smeets (born 1947), Dutch journalist
* Mart Stam (1899–1986), Dutch architect and furniture designer
* Mart Taniel (born 1976), Estonian film director, cinematographer and film operator
* Mart Toome (born 1980), Estonian actor
* Mart Ummelas (1953–2020), Estonian journalist
* Mart Ustav (born 1949), Estonian biomedical scientist
* Mart Vilt (1935–2021), Estonian middle-distance runner

## InfoBox

Mart
| Gender | Male |
| --- | --- |
| Language(s) | Dutch, Estonian |
| Name day | 10 November (Estonia) |
| Origin | |
| Region of origin | Netherlands, Estonia |
| Other names | |
| Related names | Märt, Marta, Marten, Martin, Martina |


title: Handball at the 2019 African Games

abstract: Handball at the 2019 African Games was held from 20 to 29 August 2019 in Casablanca, Morocco.

text:
# Handball at the 2019 African Games

**Handball** at the **2019 African Games** was held from 20 to 29 August 2019 in Casablanca, Morocco.

## Participants

Nine men's and ten women's teams qualified for the games, including the host country, Morocco.

## Events

### Schedule

| P | Preliminaries | ¼ | Quarterfinals | ½ | Semifinals | F | Final |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|

| Event↓/Date → | Tue 20 Aug | Wed 21 Aug | Thu 22 Aug | Sat 24 Aug | Sun 25 Aug | Mon 26 Aug | Wed 28 Aug | Thu 29 Aug |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| Men | P | P | P | P | P | ¼ | ½ | F |
|
| Women | P | P | P | P | P | ¼ | ½ | F |

### Medal summary

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men
 | Angola
Adelino Pestana
Adilson Maneco
Agnelo Quitongo
Albino Cassange
Cláudio Lopes
Cláudio Chicola
Custódio Gouveia
Declerck Sibo
Elsemar Pedro
Feliciano Couveiro
Gabriel Teca
Giovane Muachissengue
Manuel Nascimento
Mário Tati
Otiniel Pascoal
Romé Hebo | Egypt
Abd Aziz Ahab
Abd Elfatah Ali
Abdelrahman Taha
Ahmed Rady
Abdelrahman Mohamed
Kassem Ahmed
Khaled Walid
Omar Dahroug
Omar El-Wakil
Omar Khaled
Mohab Said
Mohsen Ramadan
Ramadan Shady
Saif Hany
Seif El-Deraa
Shehab Ahmed | Morocco
Abderrahim Chouhou
Amine Harchaoui
Belhou Mourad
Hamza Mannane
Hassan Kacheradi
Hicham El Hakimy
Icham Frid
Jamal Ouaali
Mehdi Alaoui
Mohamed Miri
Mohammed Bentaleb
Mohammed Ezzine
Mohammed Zaher
Redwane Braout
Said Malki
Yassine Belhou |
| Women
 | Angola
Albertina Kassoma
Azenaide Carlos
Carolina Morais
Claudete José
Helena Paulo
Helena Sousa
Iracelma Silva
Isabel Guialo
Janete Santos
Juliana Machado
Magda Cazanga
Natália Bernardo
Ruth João
Teresa Almeida
Vilma Silva
Wuta Dombaxe | Cameroon
Adjani Nguesseu
Anne Essam
Berthe Abiabakon
Claudia Eyenga
Génie Fedjou
Gisele Nkolo
Jacqueline Mossy
Jacky Baniomo
Jasmine Yotchoum
Liliane Kamga
Marie Balana
Yolande Touba
Marie Tenang
Noelle Mben
Vanessa Djiepmou
Vicky Pokop | DR Congo
Grace Zoubalela
Consolate Feza
Micheline Mukoko
Christianne Mwasesa
Raissa Yalibi
Prescyllia Engala
Diane Louoba
Lydia Kasangala
Rabby Ifaso
Falonne Yabon
Carine Ngombo
Cynthia Liandja
Isaure Mosabau
Grace Shokkos
Francoise Kashala
Roseline Ngo Leyi |

## Medal table

*   Host nation (Morocco)

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Angola (ANG) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2 | Cameroon (CMR) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | Egypt (EGY) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | Democratic Republic of the Congo (COD) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Morocco (MAR)* | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (5 entries) | | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |

## InfoBox

| Handball
at the 2019 African Games | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Venue | * Mohammed V Sports Complex * Sports Center Ibrahim Zahare |
| Location | Casablanca, Morocco |
| Dates | 20–29 August |
| Nations | 13 |
|


title: Mohawk Dam

abstract: Mohawk Dam, located in Jefferson Township, Coshocton County, Ohio northwest of Nellie, is a dry dam constructed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) in the mid-1930s for the purpose of flood control on the Walhonding River. The dam is part of the larger 18-county Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District (MWCD). The dam has been in service for 70 years and was recently placed on the USACE's "Urgent" dam safety classification list and plans are currently being drafted that would allocate funds for dam stabilization.

text:
# Mohawk Dam

**Mohawk Dam**, located in Jefferson Township, Coshocton County, Ohio northwest of Nellie, is a dry dam constructed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) in the mid-1930s for the purpose of flood control on the Walhonding River. The dam is part of the larger 18-county Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District (MWCD). The dam has been in service for 70 years and was recently placed on the USACE's "Urgent" dam safety classification list and plans are currently being drafted that would allocate funds for dam stabilization.

## History

| Mohawk Dam bridge | |
| --- | --- |
| Coordinates | 40°21′06″N 82°05′24″W / 40.3517°N 82.0899°W / 40.3517; -82.0899 |
| Carries | 2 lanes of  SR 715 |
| Location | |
|  | |

Construction of the Mohawk Dam was started in April 1935 and was completed in September 1937. The dam was authorized by the Flood Control Act of 1938 and was built as a dry dam along with 13 other dams in the Muskingum River Watershed for flood control and water conservation. The dam was built right across the right-of-way of the Walhonding Canal, which ran from Coshocton to Cavallo.

The dam has always operated as a dry dam, holding back water only during a flood and releasing it slowly downstream. The highest water level ever recorded at the Mohawk Dam was during the flood of January 2005, where the water reached a height of 80.01 feet (24.39 m) above its normal level.

## Future

The dam has been in service for 70 years but was only built with the expectation that it would function for around 50 years before sedimentation and erosion weakened the dam. The dam has weakened and several safety issues have arisen, which is why the USACE has placed it on its list of the nation's most at-risk dams, where it ranked seventh most at-risk in 2006. In 2007, the dam was classified as "Urgent", which is the second-highest classification level of the dam safety rating system used by the USACE. This classification indicates that the dam is a high federal priority for repairs since failure of the dam during a flood is moderately uncertain. The MWCD estimates that if the Mohawk Dam were to fail during a flood, the water normally held back could cost 307 people their lives and up to $449 million in property damage.

According to the MWCD, the dam's greatest problem is the inherent downstream seepage that occurs with most earthen dams. In the case of the Mohawk Dam, this condition is exacerbated by the fact that it was built on highly permeable land, which could cause instability if too much water were to seep through the lower part of the dam. A rehabilitation and repair plan to stabilize the structure has not yet been established, nor has an official cost-estimate been prepared. Funds were set aside by Congress in 2006 and 2007 to analyze the current state of the dam and gather data for a rehabilitation report. The MWCD serves as the local sponsor of the rehabilitation projects and must pay 3.45 percent of the costs. The remainder will be paid by the federal government. In order to pay for their share, the MWCD will levy an assessment of the properties in its 18-county district, requiring those property owners to pay for the dam improvements throughout the entire watershed. The total local-share cost to be paid by the MWCD for the work on four of the dams, including the Mohawk Dam, is estimated to be between $95 million and $135 million.

## InfoBox

| Mohawk Dam | |
| --- | --- |
| Mohawk Dam aerial view | |
| Location | Jefferson Township, Coshocton County, Ohio |
| Coordinates | 40°21′06″N 82°05′18″W / 40.3518°N 82.0884°W / 40.3518; -82.0884 |
| Construction began | April 1935 |
| Operator(s) | United States Army Corps of Engineers, Huntington District |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Impounds | Walhonding River |
| Height | 111 feet (34 m) |
| Length | 2,330 feet (710 m) |
| Reservoir | |
| Total capacity | 285,000 acre-feet (352,000,000 m3) |


abstract: Naval Radio Transmitter Facility Grindavik is a transmission facility of the US Navy at Grindavík, Iceland, maintained by the N62 Division. It is active on shortwave and longwave under the callsign TFK on 37.5 kHz.

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# Naval Radio Transmitter Facility Grindavik

**Naval Radio Transmitter Facility Grindavik** (NRTF Grindavik) is a transmission facility of the US Navy at Grindavík, Iceland, maintained by the N62 Division. It is active on shortwave and longwave under the callsign TFK on 37.5 kHz.

## History

NRTF Grindavik originally had two towers for its longwave service  the west tower with a height of 243.8 metres (800 ft) and the east tower with a height of 182.9 metres (600 ft)  which were, when built, the tallest man-made objects in Iceland. In 1983, the east tower was replaced by a new tower of the same height. The west tower was replaced by a new 304.8-metre (1,000 ft) guyed mast and 2,500-square-foot (230 m2) helix house, now the second tallest structure in Iceland, after the Hellissandur longwave radio mast.

Before all these improvements were made, in about 1976, the station was tasked to operate its 600 feet (180 m) tower on a very low frequency, much lower than any frequency on which it had ever before been operated. There was some concern about running the shorter tower on such a low frequency, but the 800 feet (240 m) tower was already tasked with a higher priority mission. When the 600 feet (180 m) tower and its helix house were tuned to the desired frequency and the transmitter power output was increased to the required level, the biggest coil in the helix house arced internally and destroyed itself. A limited number of replacement coils were available in the supply system and were, in turn, installed and similarly destroyed. The problem was that the low frequency and the corresponding high reactance needed to resonate the antenna resulted in an abnormally high voltage at the output of the helix house, causing the last and largest coil to arc internally and destroy itself. The solution to the problem was to design and install a different final coil in the helix house with the inductance and physical shape needed to supply the needed reactance without arcing. HQ started the actions necessary to procure such a coil, while the COMSTA CO, CAPT Ralph L Spaulding, a graduate of the Naval Post Graduate School in Communications Engineering, designed a temporary coil with the appropriate characteristics, and the crew at Grindavik built it. The completed coil was about 6 ft long and 2 ft in diameter, with dry walnut lumber used to make the coil form. The completed coil was set on a wooden chair in the helix house, connected to the original chain of coils (needed to make minor changes in inductance to tune the antenna), and the output port of the helix house. This arrangement worked well, except that an occasional arc between the output port and the copper coated internal wall of the helix house would trip the transmitter off the air. The new coil was received and installed sometime later. It was significantly larger than the wooden coil, designed to just fit through the helix house door. This configuration worked for some time, until an arc occurred at the large feed-through insulator at the output port and destroyed the insulator. This put the antenna down until significant helix house modifications could be made.

NRTF Grindavik was the 1999 winner of the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) Outstanding Transmission Facility Award (Category II), and was a runner up in the same category in 1997. The new taller antenna and helix house were structurally designed by Donald W. Anderson, PE who additionally managed the design and construction programs while employed at Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), Atlantic. The final design incorporated many new and improved items which required integrated electronic and structural designs, including a new and improved helix house RF copper shielding design and installation method. All successes in the program improved on former designs and were partially influential in the previously-mentioned awards.

| NRTF Grindavik Locations (WGS84) | |
| --- | --- |
| East | 63°51′3″N 22°27′6″W / 63.85083°N 22.45167°W / 63.85083; -22.45167 (182.9 m east antenna) |
| West | 63°51′1″N 22°28′0″W / 63.85028°N 22.46667°W / 63.85028; -22.46667 (304.8 m west antenna and helix house) |

The N62 Division is divided into three subdivision: N62A, Antenna Maintenance; N62B, longwave equipment and Integrated Submarine Automated Broadcast Processing System (ISABPS) Maintenance; and N62C, shortwave equipment and Ancillary Equipment Maintenance.

In 2006, Grindavik was listed as transmitting AFRTS on 7590 kHz and 9980 kHz USB.

In the 2014 edition of Radio Navigational Aids, Publication No. 117, NRTF Grindavik was listed as broadcasting NAVTEX on 490 kHz and 518 kHz using callsign TFK.

In November 2019, the installation formally had a Director appointed to head it, as U.S. Naval Computer and Telecommunications Area Masters Station Atlantic Detachment Grindavik, Iceland (NCTAMS LANT DET GRINDAVIK IC).

In November 2023, Grindavik and the areas around were placed under a state of emergency and evacuated due to the threat of a volcanic eruption.


title: Without Reservations

abstract: Without Reservations is a 1946 RKO Radio Pictures American comedy film directed by Mervyn LeRoy and starring Claudette Colbert, John Wayne and Don DeFore. The film was adapted by Andrew Solt from the novel Thanks, God! I'll Take It From Here by Jane Allen and Mae Livingston.

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# Without Reservations

***Without Reservations*** is a 1946 RKO Radio Pictures American comedy film directed by Mervyn LeRoy and starring Claudette Colbert, John Wayne and Don DeFore. The film was adapted by Andrew Solt from the novel *Thanks, God! I'll Take It From Here* by Jane Allen and Mae Livingston.

## Plot

Successful author Christopher "Kit" Madden is traveling to Los Angeles to work on the film adaptation of her bestselling book *Here is Tomorrow*, which was supposed to star Cary Grant as the Army Air Forces pilot hero Mark Winston. But she receives word that Grant has withdrawn and the producer now wants an unknown actor to play Winston opposite Lana Turner. Kit, on the train to Hollywood, is writing the producer that she'll accept nobody but Grant to star as Winston when she meets two Marine pilots, captain "Rusty" Thomas and first lieutenant "Dink" Watson, and instantly considers Rusty the best choice to play Winston. But he is dismissive of her book and says it is a political allegory, and that he does not believe that Grant would refuse Turner's advances for 400 pages. Unsure how he will react if he discovers that she is a famous writer, Kit keeps her identity secret, saying that her name is Kitty Kloch.

After she is expelled from the train for drunkenness in a remote prairie town, and the two men join her, they trade Rusty's German war souvenir helmet for a car. They are welcomed at the farm of a large Hispanic family whose daughter showers attention on Rusty, but they flee following a misunderstanding which Madden intentionally causes. When Rusty finally learns Kit's true identity after bailing her out of jail for cashing a check which the hotel believed was under a false identity, he thinks that she has been using him just so that he will appear in the film. However, after weeks pass while she tries to make Rusty jealous by appearing in newspapers with other men, Rusty eventually reaches Hollywood and they resolve their differences.

## Cast

**Cast notes:**

## Production

The film was originally budgeted at $1.1 million and was titled *Thanks, God! I'll Take it from Here*.

The Arrowhead Pictures motion-picture studio shown in the opening shot is the actual RKO Radio Pictures building at 780 Gower Street in Hollywood.

## Reception

The film returned a profit of $342,000.

## InfoBox

| Without Reservations | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Mervyn LeRoy |
| Written by | Andrew Solt |
| Based on | *Thanks, God! I'll Take It From Here*
by Jane Allen
Mae Livingston |
| Produced by | Jesse L. Lasky Jr.
Walter MacEwen |
| Starring | Claudette Colbert
John Wayne
Don DeFore |
| Cinematography | Milton R. Krasner |
| Edited by | Jack Ruggiero |
| Music by | Roy Webb |
| Production
company | RKO Pictures |
| Distributed by | RKO Pictures |
| Release date | * May 13, 1946 (1946-05-13) |
| Running time | 107 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $1,683,000 (estimated) |
| Box office | $3,000,000 (US rentals) |


title: Forest of Dartmoor

abstract: The Forest of Dartmoor is an ancient royal forest covering part of Dartmoor, Devon, England. A royal forest was an area reserved by the king for hunting, and William the Conqueror introduced the concept of forest law in England in the 11th century. Until 1204 the whole of Devon was a royal forest, but in that year King John agreed to disafforest all of Devon "up to the metes of the ancient regardes of Dertemore and Exmore, as these regardes were in the time of King Henry the First". In other words, all of Devon except for Dartmoor and Exmoor was freed from forest law. This disafforestation was confirmed by King Henry III in 1217, and in 1239 he granted the Forest of Dartmoor to his brother, Richard, Earl of Cornwall. From that date it technically became a chase, not a forest, though the name did not change. The next year, in a writ dated 13 June 1240, the king directed the Sheriff of Devon and twelve knights of the county to perambulate the Forest to record its exact bounds. This was because Richard had been in dispute with four knights who owned land adjoining the forest. The perambulation took place on 24 July 1240. It was around this time that the first of the Ancient Tenements, such as Babeny, were founded within the Forest. Richard's son, Edmund inherited the forest, but when he died in 1300 with no heir, the forest reverted to The Crown. King Edward II granted it to his favourite, Piers Gaveston, in 1308; on Gaveston's beheading in 1312, it reverted to The Crown again. Then in 1337 King Edward III granted the forest to Edward, the Black Prince, at the same time as he created him the first Duke of Cornwall, and today, the forest still belongs to the Duchy of Cornwall. A walk that follows the forest bounds as far as possible was set up in 1982.

text:
# Forest of Dartmoor

The **Forest of Dartmoor** is an ancient royal forest covering part of Dartmoor, Devon, England.

A royal forest was an area reserved by the king for hunting, and William the Conqueror introduced the concept of forest law in England in the 11th century. Until 1204 the whole of Devon was a royal forest, but in that year King John agreed (subject to the payment by the county's commonality of a "fine" of 5,000 marks) to disafforest all of Devon "up to the metes of the ancient regardes of Dertemore and Exmore, as these regardes were in the time of King Henry the First". In other words, all of Devon except for Dartmoor and Exmoor was freed from forest law.

This disafforestation was confirmed by King Henry III in 1217, and in 1239 he granted the Forest of Dartmoor (and the Manor of Lydford) to his brother, Richard, Earl of Cornwall. From that date it technically became a *chase*, not a *forest*, though the name did not change. The next year, in a writ dated 13 June 1240, the king directed the Sheriff of Devon and twelve knights of the county to perambulate the Forest to record its exact bounds. This was because Richard had been in dispute with four knights who owned land adjoining the forest. The perambulation (known ever since as "the 1240 Perambulation") took place on 24 July 1240. It was around this time that the first of the Ancient Tenements, such as Babeny, were founded within the Forest.

Richard's son, Edmund inherited the forest, but when he died in 1300 with no heir, the forest reverted to The Crown. King Edward II granted it to his favourite, Piers Gaveston, in 1308; on Gaveston's beheading in 1312, it reverted to The Crown again. Then in 1337 King Edward III granted the forest to Edward, the Black Prince, at the same time as he created him the first Duke of Cornwall, and today, the forest still belongs to the Duchy of Cornwall. A walk that follows the forest bounds as far as possible was set up in 1982.

## The "Perambulations"

Although the original document detailing the route of the 1240 Perambulation has been lost, a number of near-contemporary copies still exist, differing only in spelling. A modern transcription of the places mentioned is as follows:

| Original text of 1240 (alternative spellings in brackets) | Modern placename | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| …ad hogam de Cossdonne | Cosdon | A prominent hill on the northern edge of Dartmoor |
| et inde linealiter usque ad parvam hogam que vocatur parva Hundetorre, | Hound Tor |  |
| et inde linealiter usque ad Thurlestone, | Watern Tor |  |
| et inde linealiter usque ad Wotesbrokelakesfote que cadit in Tyng, | Hew Lake Foot |  |
| et inde linealiter usque ad Heigheston (Hengheston) | The Longstone on Shovel Down | A Bronze Age standing stone |
| et inde linealiter usque ad Langestone (Yessetone) | The Heath Stone |  |
| et inde linealiter usque per mediam turbariam de Alberysheved (Aberesheved) | The marsh at the head of the Metheral Brook |  |
| et sic in longum Wallebroke |  | Acknowledged to be a scribe's error |
| et inde linealiter usque ad Furnum regis | King's Oven |  |
| et inde linealiter usque ad Wallebrokeshede | The head of the Walla Brook |  |
| et sic in longum Wallebroke usque cadit in Dertam, | Along the Walla Brook to its confluence with the East Dart River |  |
| et sic per Dertam usque ad aliam Dertam, | Dartmeet |  |
| et sic per aliam Dertam ascendendo usque Okebrokysfote, | Up the West Dart River to the foot of the O Brook |  |
| et sic ascendendo Okebroke usque ad la Dryeworke, | Up the O Brook to Dry Lake | A tinner's gulley |
| et ita ascendendo usque ad la Dryfeld ford, | The Sandy Way |  |
| et sic inde linealiter usque ad Battyshull (Cattyshill, Gnattishull) | Ryder's Hill |  |
| et inde linealiter usque ad caput de Wester Wellabroke | The head of the Weston Wella Brook |  |
| et sic per Wester Wellabroke usque cadit in Avenam, | Down the Weston Wella Brook to its confluence with the River Avon |  |
| et inde linealiter usque ad Ester Whyteburghe | Eastern Whittabarrow | A large cairn |
| et inde linealiter usque ad la Redelake (Rodelake) que cadit in Erme | The confluence of Red Lake and the River Erme |  |
| et inde linealiter usque ad Grymsgrove | The head of the River Erme |  |
| et inde linealiter usque ad Elysburghe | Eylesbarrow |  |
| et sic linealiter usque at crucem Sywardi | Nun's Cross |  |
| et inde usque ad Ysfother | South Hessary Tor |  |
| et sic per aliam Ysfother | North Hessary Tor |  |
| et inde per mediam Mystor (Mistmore) | Great Mis Tor |  |
| usque ad Mewyburghe | White Barrow |  |
| et inde usque ad Lullingesfote (Hullingssete) | Limsboro Cairn |  |
| et inde usque ad Rakernesbrokysfote, | The confluence of the Rattle Brook and the River Tavy |  |
| et sic ad caput ejusdem aque | Up the Rattle Brook to its head |  |
| et deinde usque ad la Westsolle | Stenga Tor |  |
| et inde linealiter usque ad Ernestorre | High Willhays | Some sources say this is Yes Tor |
| et inde linealiter usque at vadum proximum in orientali parte capelle Sancti Michaelis de Halgestoke | Halstock Chapel |  |
| et inde linealiter usque ad predictum hogam de Cossdonne in orientali parte | Return to Cosdon |  |

There was another perambulation of the forest bounds in 1608 which introduced a number of changes and added boundary points between the existing ones. The exact boundaries continued to be unclear or disputed until the later 19th century.

## Sources

* Brewer, Dave (2002). *Dartmoor Boundary Markers*. Tiverton, Devon: Halsgrove. ISBN 1-84114-172-0.
* Milton, Patricia (2006). *The Discovery of Dartmoor, a Wild and Wondrous Region*. Chichester: Phillimore. ISBN 1-86077-401-6.
* Somers Cocks, John (1970). "Saxon and Early Medieval Times". In Crispin Gill (ed.). *Dartmoor. A New Study*. Newton Abbot: David and Charles. ISBN 0-7153-5041-2.


title: Missa ad fugam

abstract: The Missa ad fugam is a musical setting of the Ordinary of the Mass by the composer Josquin des Prez, dating from the early 16th century.

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# Missa ad fugam

The ***Missa ad fugam*** is a musical setting of the Ordinary of the Mass by the composer Josquin des Prez, dating from the early 16th century.

## Overview

Although Josquin's two canonic masses were published together in Ottaviano Petrucci's third book of the composer's masses in 1514, The *Missa ad fugam* is clearly the earlier of the two. It has a head-motif consisting of the entirety of the first Kyrie which is literally repeated in the beginning of all five movements. The canon is also restricted to the highest voice, and the pitch interval between the voices is fixed while the temporal interval varies between one and three breves depending on the mensuration. The two free voices generally do not participate in the imitation. Hallmark techniques of Josquin's mature style are only sporadically present, and even the melodic construction occasionally displays a certain awkwardness.

Uniquely for Josquin, the *Missa ad fugam* seems to have undergone revision, possibly at the hands of the composer himself. One late manuscript transmits the mass with minor modifications to the Kyrie and Gloria, and also entirely rewritten Sanctus and Agnus Dei. These rewritten sections are both more concise and integrated, as the unwieldly head-motif is shortened and there is greater concentration of motif. In short, the revisions seem to reflect a mature composer reworking a youthful work.

It is generally agreed that Josquin's *Missa ad fugam* is closely related to the *Missa ad fugam* of Marbrianus de Orto. Both masses consistently explore canon at the lower fifth between the superius and tenor, and both masses share the one flat G-final modality. The direction of influence is debated, since de Orto's mass is more advanced and predates Josquin's mass, it is somewhat incongruous with Josquin's reputation. This has led to questions about the authorship of Josquin's mass, although it is accepted by the New Josquin Edition.; Jesse Rodin and Joshua Rifkin considers it spurious, while its authenticity is strongly defended by Peter Urquhart.

### Citations

### Sources

* Bloxam, M. Jennifer (2000). "Masses Based on Polyphonic Songs and Canonic Masses". In Sherr, Richard (ed.). *The Josquin Companion*. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 151–210. ISBN 978-0-19-816335-0.
* Rodin, Jesse (14 January 2022). "The Josquin Canon at 500: With an Appendix Produced in Collaboration with Joshua Rifkin". *Early Music*. **49**. doi:10.1093/em/caab062.
* Urquhart, Peter (2012). "Ad Fugam, De Orto, and a Defense of the Early Josquin". *Tijdschrift van de Koninklijke Vereniging voor Nederlandse Muziekgeschiedenis*. **62** (1/2): 3-27. JSTOR 43738331.


title: Pellinor

abstract: Pellinor is a fantasy series by Australian author Alison Croggon, spanning four books and a prequel. The series is the retelling of the "Naraudh Lar-Chanë", the Riddle of the Treesong, set in the fictional world of Edil-Amarandh. The series mainly revolves about the character of an adolescent girl named Maerad, who was forced into slavery along with her mother as a child, after the sacking of the Bard school of Pellinor.

text:
# Pellinor

***Pellinor*** is a fantasy series by Australian author Alison Croggon, spanning four books and a prequel.

The series is the retelling of the "Naraudh Lar-Chanë", the Riddle of the Treesong, set in the fictional world of Edil-Amarandh. The series mainly revolves about the character of an adolescent girl named Maerad, who was forced into slavery along with her mother as a child, after the sacking of the Bard school of Pellinor.

## Books

So far the books which make up the series have been published by Penguin Books in Australia, Walker Books in the UK, Candlewick Press in the US (except *The Bone Queen* published by Walker Books), and Bastei-Lübbe in Germany, with the translation done by Michael Krug.

### The Bone Queen

A prequel, published in 2016. The promising young Bard Cadvan summons a revenant, the Bone Queen, which causes him to be exiled. Cadvan and his friend Dernhil the poet must then track down and vanquish the Bone Queen.

### The Friendship (short story)

A prequel story of how Cadvan and the healer Bard Saliman became friends.

### The Gift (also: The Naming)

First published in Australia in 2003, the United Kingdom in 2004, and as "The Naming", in the United States during 2005.

*The Gift* begins with Maerad, in "Gilman's Cot" as a slave, where she has been for most of her life, with few memories of her former life, her mother having died several years before. She is discovered by Cadvan, one of the great mystics known as Bards, who reveals to her that she too has "the Gift" shared by all of these, by which she is able to command nature to do her will. Cadvan soon discovers that her mother was Milana of Pellinor, the leader of the First Circle of the sacked School of Pellinor, of whom it was previously assumed that there were no survivors. Knowing this, Cadvan decides to help her escape, believing that it might not be a random chance that he came upon the only known survivor from Pellinor.

Cadvan finds that Maerad's Gift is unusually powerful for one never formally taught; he begins to suspect of her more significance than he had before. Cadvan takes her to the School of Innail, to make the presence of a survivor from Pellinor known and to establish Maerad as a Minor Bard of Pellinor. During their time there, Maerad obtains a long-forgotten prophecy concerning the Foretold One who will defeat the Nameless One. This Nameless One is a corrupt political leader, formerly called Sharma, who discarded his own truename in order to become immortal. Twice has he attempted to conquer the land of Edil-Amarandh, and he has twice been vanquished. His last bid for power is the one in which the Foretold One, *Elednor, Edil – Amarandh na* or Fire Lily of Edil - Amarandh, will defeat him, leaving him dead or helpless forever. Maerad's own history, being coincident with that of the Foretold One, implies that she is Elednor, although Maerad does not immediately embrace the idea.

After their brief but enjoyed stay at Innail, Cadvan takes Maerad across the country of Annar to the city of Norloch, intending to have her instated as a full Bard and given her Name, and also to see his old teacher Nelac. En route, they discover that the Nameless One's corrupt Bards, the Hulls, are roaming freely, so that non-users of magic are terrified and terrorized; that Maerad is descended on her mother Milana's side from Lady Ardina, a faerie creature, an Elidhu, who still lives in the forest as monarch of a Lothlórien-like settlement, Rachida; and that Maerad has a younger brother, called Hem or Cai, who, like her, is an inheritor of the Gift. Ardina happens to be known by many names: The Elidhu, Queen of Rachida, The Moonchild, Daughter of the Moon.

When Maerad and Cadvan, who has become her tutor, reach Norloch, they discover that corruption has penetrated even here, in that the First Bard of all Annar, Enkir, has fallen under Sharma's influence. He is revealed as the one who had Pellinor destroyed and who sold Maerad into slavery. Largely as a result of this, though also because of his own misogyny, this Bard refuses to admit that Maerad is the Foretold One, or even to let her be instated as a Bard. Therefore, Cadvan and Nelac invoke an archaic ritual called the Way of the White Flame, by which Maerad is initiated as a full Bard. Her Name, at this point, is revealed to be that of the Foretold One; Elednor, which means "Fire Lily".

Driven out by their enemy's hostility, Cadvan and Maerad flee. Maerad's brother is sent to another place for safety.

### The Riddle

*The Riddle* begins where *The Gift* left off, with the main characters fleeing Norloch. It was first published in Australia in 2004, in the United Kingdom in 2005, and in the US in August 2006.

*The Riddle* sees Maerad and Cadvan continue the search for Maerad's destiny, which takes them to the lively island School of Busk, which is a Hellenistic community; north to the realms of the Pilanel, who are Maerad's kin through her father Dorn; and finally to the very heart of the realm of the Winterking, Arkan, another Elidhu, who is a glacial spirit allied with the Nameless One. Hem/Cai (Maerad's brother) has fled south along with Saliman.

As in Innail, Maerad settles in Busk and feels very much at home – more so than previously, perhaps because she is no longer accustomed to expect bullying – while Cadvan continues the search for the mysterious "Treesong", with the help of Nerili, First Bard of the School of Busk, the key to Maerad's destiny. Maerad also begins to explore her powers and their full potential, producing some humorous outcomes. Their peace is shattered by dark events at the annual "Rite of Renewal" and the news that they have been named traitors to the White Flame after the shocking revelations of *The Gift*, which causes them once again to flee.

Their journey is constantly blighted by setbacks, and by the constant threat from both Arkan and other Bards. Maerad also begins to fear the "darkness" within her own heart, as she begins to wonder about herself, her powers, and her place in Edil-Amarandh's destiny. This fear resolves itself into a constant tension between herself and her mentor, Cadvan, and leads Maerad into an almost unforgivable act that may threaten their relationship and Maerad's wellbeing forever.

### The Crow

Published in Australia May 2006, in the UK July 2006, and in the US in 2007.

*The Crow* follows the journey of Maerad's brother, Hem, as he begins his training as a Bard in the southern School of Turbansk, where he was taken by the Bard Saliman. The events in this book occur during the same time as the events of *The Riddle*. Hem has difficulties fitting in this strange land; he does not know the local language and finds it hard to make friends after being a loner for many years. All the while the Nameless One is building his armies to the east; thus, the threat of war is growing. In this climate, Hem makes his first friend in the form of a girl, Zelika from the eastern school of Baladh, and begins to discover his own unique talents and his place in the "Treesong". He travels through places which most haven't been through, like the underground city of Nal-Ak-Burat and the Nameless One's stronghold, Dagra in the constant companionship of a white crow, Irc, whom he rescues in the beginning of the book. He meets the Elidhu, Nyanar from whom Hem will learn one half of the Treesong, to be combined with the half Maerad learns from the Winterking.

### The Singing

Published in Australia in June 2008, in the UK on 1 September, and in the US on 10 March 2009.

> In a desperate race against the dark, Maerad must try to solve the final riddle of the treesong. Only then will the Nameless One be defeated and peace restored to the Seven Kingdoms. But Maerad only holds the key to half the riddle - her long-lost brother, Hem, has the other. Before embarking on a perilous journey to find Hem, Maerad must first wage an epic war against the Landrost. And Hem, fleeing the advances of the Black Army, must endure betrayal and mortal illness in his search for Maerad. But the Dark grows ever more powerful - will brother and sister reach one another in time or will all be lost in a final, apocalyptic battle?

## Characters

* **Bard** \- a human who is born having the ability known as the 'Gift' in Annar and the Seven Kingdoms or the 'Voice' among the Pilani of the Howes of Murask and Tlon, by which one is able to command nature. Command of nature is wielded by use of the magical language known as the Speech, which all life-forms understand and which any human may learn as a means of communication (as in the region of the Suderain, where it is used by politicians in discussion), though only those born with the Gift can use its words as a means of supermundane power. Although use of the Voice is inherent and usually appears at some point in a child's life, one born with it must learn and develop it as if it were a skill. Individual Bards have differing strengths of power, which determine the limits of their command. All Bards live according to a code of honor known as the Balance and belong to a faction known as the Light, which is sometimes mythologized as a deity. Because Bards are thoroughly schooled to the ideas of the Balance, they are often perplexed by greed and selfishness. All Bards are given an education in the three disciplines of Reading, Tending, and Making, which make up the Bardic way of life. Different Bards adhere to different aspects of these three arts, which overlap and are therefore versatile. Each Bard has a particular speciality within the arts that is central to its life; specialities including both mundane activity and psi phenomena. The word "Bard" refers to a talent and liking for music which all Bards share. Frequently, they are poets, whose poetry reflects beauty and mortality. Most esteemed among the Bardic paradigms is the 'Way of the Heart', which consists of compassion, strong interpersonal bonds, and love. In the diverse societies of Edil-Amarandh, Bards perform roles variously resembling those of musicians, artists, scholars, priestkings, healers, caretakers, protectors, political advisors (in which role they have great influence), mystics, and shamans. All human mystics who appear in the story are Gifted, though not all are considered Bards, given that some of them may not have received training in the Three Arts or schooling in the ethics of the Balance. Both training and potency of inherent Gift determine the extent of a Bard's ability. Bards age slower than regular people do, starting when they turn 20 years of age, and have three times the lifespan of other people.
* **Elidhu** \- Faerie-like creatures who predate humanity in Edil-Amarandh, they are called *Elementals* by the Bards. The Elidhu have enormous power and can breed with mortals if they so choose. Known Elidhu/Bard hybrids are Maerad and Hem. The power of the hybrids is higher than the average of the two components: Maerad is stronger than the midpoint of the average Bard and the average Elidhu. The Elidhu generally have little interest in the goings on of the mortal world and are seen as neither good nor evil, with two notable exceptions. These are Arkan, the personification of ice, who is often seen as evil (although Maerad is given reason to think otherwise in *The Riddle*); and Ardina, Maerad's ancestor, who is seen as good. The Elementals also have a variety of abilities uncommon to humans, though these, in turn, seem to vary among individual Elidhu. Ardina is shown having taken the form of a wolf (an ability inherited by Maerad), and sometimes appears as a "moonchild"; a celestial fairy able to hover upon the air, travel great distances within minutes, and heal wounds with a touch. Arkan is shown creating deceptive illusions, producing light from no apparent source, and commanding the weather. Landrost, spirit of the mountain, summons strange demonic life-forms called "wers" to his aid and can direct them by his will. Nyanar, a forest Elidhu appearing in *The Crow*, is able to change shape with ease and identifies himself with and as his environment. Bards, even those such as Cadvan and Saliman, often show a distrust of them - judging them as fey and amoral beings near-totally beyond human ken and concepts such as good and evil; a judgement that, with the notable exceptions of Ardina, Arkan, Nyanar, and the Landrost, is essentially accurate.
* **Maerad** \- an adolescent girl around sixteen years of age at the beginning of the series. She grew up with her mother, Milana, in Pellinor as young child before the sack of their home. Sold into slavery, Maerad lives her life from the age of seven to the start of the novel at sixteen in the confinements of Gilman's Cot. She is discovered by Cadvan, a powerful Bard of Lirigon who rescues her and tells her that she is a Bard, a person with the "Gift". Later, she is believed by Cadvan to be the Foretold One, known as the Fire Lily, who will save Edil-Amarandh from the Nameless One's most powerful attack, a belief supported by the fact that her true name is *Elednor*, which means "Fire Lily" in the Bards' magical Speech. As the books progress her relationship with Cadvan progresses and at the end of *The Singing* the two are a couple.
* **Cadvan** \- Cadvan of Lirigon is a travelling Bard who rescues Maerad from Gilman's Cot and has her initiated as a Minor, then full Bard. He appears to be around 35 years of age, but is likely to be around 70, because Bards live thrice as long as do other people. He is tall and slender, with black hair, dark blue eyes, and an aquiline nose. Cadvan is known to have disastrously handled evil magic in his youth; to have been a worker against the powers of Darkness ever since; and to have extensive knowledge. It is also revealed that he has a preference for coffee, which exists in the novels as "a drink from the Suderain" (probably a reference to the Middle-Eastern origins of coffee), a stronger liking for mushrooms, and the innate ability to provoke revelations of truth from other people, even if they are not aware of knowing it. This ability is called "Truthtelling" by the characters.
* **Sharma** – commonly known as the Nameless One, Sharma is the chieftain and would-be sorcerer who eschews his own true Name in order to become immortal. He is a lord of Darkness, the evil force that threatens Edil-Amarandh, and is obeyed by several other evil beings, among them the mountain spirit Landrost and the Winterking Arkan, although Maerad has reason to believe differently of Arkan in particular. According to the prophecy, Sharma will attempt thrice to conquer the world, only to be vanquished during the third attack, which is the setting of the story. His domain is Dén Raven, a southern monarchy described as "little more than a huge prison".
* **Saliman** – Bard of the Circle of Turbansk, one of the realms nearest that of the Nameless One. Because of his dark skin, he is seen with some racism by Bards less wise than himself. Saliman is a friend of Cadvan's and later harbours Hem.
* **Enkir** – first Bard of Norloch, capital city of the domain called Annar. Enkir is a rigid, self-opinionated figure whose arrogance and bigotry appear to have increased immensely since his rise to power. He ultimately betrays Annar by siding with Sharma and implementing the latter's agenda in Annar, while giving to more gullible Bards that the harsh security measures imposed by himself are imposed for the benefit of the Light. It is he who had sold Milana and Maerad into slavery, and he who later supplies Sharma's agents with weapons.
* **Nelac** – Cadvan's aged and trusted tutor. He harbours Cadvan and Maerad during their time in Norloch and later helps initiate Maerad as full Bard. Nelac is imprisoned by Enkir on a charge of rebellion, almost certainly because of his role in Maerad's escape from Enkir.
* **Hem/Cai** \- Maerad's younger brother. He goes to Turbansk with Saliman after being found by Maerad on her travels with Cadvan in the first book. Unlike Maerad, who resembles their mother's ethnic background, Hem resembles their father and is thought to have closer ancestral ties with the latter's relations. In the third book, Hem infiltrates one of Sharma's military camps and ultimately Sharma's capital, Dagra, itself. There, with the help of the book's titular character, the crow called Irc, Hem acquires half of the Treesong. The presence of Irc causes Hem to be dubbed "White Crow" (*Lios Hlaf* in Turbansk's native language) when they have become famous for helping Turbansk resist Sharma's armies.
* **Milana** \- The First Bard of the Circle of Pellinor, mother of Maerad and Hem. She died in Gilman's Cot, her power and will to live having been broken by Enkir of Norloch.
* **Dorn à Triberi** \- husband of Milana and father of Maerad and Hem. Little is known about Dorn, save that he is a member of the Pilanel people born with the Bardic Gift, who traveled south to Annar for his training. Dorn was killed during the sack of Pellinor. He is survived by his children; by Sirkana, the more intimate (with him) of his two sisters; and (until the second book) by his nephew Dharin, who accompanies Maerad to consult with the Pilanel's northern neighbors.
* **Irc** \- a white crow rescued by Hem from being killed by his flock. His name is said to be a synonym of "bird" derived from Hem's ancestral language, Pilani. Irc is an insouciant, spunky, clever, self-important character who acts as Hem's companion, comforter, and messenger. Unlike an albino, he has golden eyes and a black beak. When Turbansk is attacked by the mutant "deathcrows" sent from Sharma's realm of Dén Raven, Hem is inspired by a dream to invoke the help of native birds; at his request, the entire bird population of Turbansk attack and destroy the deathcrows. Irc, throughout this operation, acts as a messenger between Hem and the pelican called Ara-kin, who is commander of the birds. Irc later accompanies Hem to the underground city of Nak-Al-Burat; to the espionage missions on the borders of Dén Raven; and finally into Dén Raven itself. There, Irc observes a quarrel between Sharma and his second-in-command Imank and steals a tuning fork that contains half of the Treesong. Irc thereafter rejoins Hem and travels with him out of Dén Raven. During the story, Irc is shown to have an instinctive sensitivity to imminent danger and to be capable of counting up to five, but not above. He resents being made undignified and enjoys theft, argument, and mischief.
* **Ceredin** – Cadvan's former sweetheart and loyal friend. Ceredin was killed during Cadvan's handling of evil magic, whereinafter her death proved the catalyst for his refusal to handle it again.
* **Dernhil** – a Bard originally trained at the coastal School of Ghent, who is first seen at Innail as a librarian. He teaches Maerad how to read and write during her time at Innail. Maerad, being beautiful, unintentionally causes Dernhil fall in love with and court her, but because Maerad is hostile to courtship as a result of being exposed to and almost becoming a victim of rape, she refuses him and actually punches him in panic. Dernhil forgives her and composes a poem to apologise. Later, he is interrogated by two of the Nameless One's corrupt Bards, the Hulls, who are searching for the then-departed Cadvan and Maerad. Dernhil then kills himself in order to protect them.
* **Ardina** – a fabled Elidhu - once called the Jewel of Lirion - and ancient enemy of Arkan the Winterking. Ardina is renowned in human legend for her strong stance against evil alongside the human Ardhor, through whom she is the ancestor of the family called the House of Karn, whereof Maerad and Hem are members. Ardina herself lives a strange, multiple life, wherein she is sometimes a playful, fey, in the forest, sometimes a wise, solemn woodland queen, and sometimes a "Moonchild" (a figure that seems to be composed partly of moonlight); wherein she might give forth useful discourse or sings such songs as describe the different and often contradictory facets of her character. The fact that she has multiple personalities is revealed only to Maerad (and thereby to the reader), because Cadvan would not "brook contradiction". She acts as a haphazard guide and savior to Maerad and Cadvan at certain points.
* **Arkan** – called the Ice Witch, the Winterking, and the Ice King, Arkan is an Elidhu who appears as a humanlike figure taller than a man. His power, and indeed his essence, is in the ice, the snow, the winds, and the mountain where he lives. He is a prominent, albeit ambiguous figure in the legends of Edil-Amarandh; often he is a villain, or a personification of Ice Ages. In either role, he is sometimes an ally of the Nameless One. Arkan is often considered Ardina's rival, though he is shown saying that they are not enemies. His views of life are very different from those of humans, whom he holds in some contempt. In *The Riddle*, he has Maerad captured and holds her in his palace, surrounding her with illusions of a luxurious interior which are only dispelled when she plays her lyre. Here, the relationship between them begins to develop along the lines of a slightly romanticized version of the Hades and Persephone story. Because of their contradictory purposes, Maerad escapes him. In one of the earlier chapters of *The Singing*, Arkan is shown contacting Maerad by telepathy, scoffing at her fear of the creatures Sharma has sent against her. By this time, it is evident that Arkan is no longer Sharma's ally. It is he who reveals the Treesong to Maerad, and a suggestion exists that he did so moved by his own attraction to her.
* **Dharin á Lobvar** \- Maerad's cousin, the son of one of her father's two sisters. Dharin is a cheerful, confident young man who has long been a trader among the Pilanel and their neighbors. At the behest of their mutual aunt, Sirkana á Triberi, Dharin accompanies Maerad on a journey northward to consult for advice the Inuit-like people who dwell in the farthest north. Their means of transport is a dogsled whose dogs are loyal to Dharin. During their return from the people whom they have consulted, Dharin is killed by the barbarian tribe known as the Jussacks, and Maerad taken prisoner. His death is said to have been foreseen by Sirkana, who is a Bard, with no formal training, only the "Voice" and the "Sight", which is the special power of foresight. It is very rare, even among Bards. Lanorgil of Pellinor, one of Maerad's ancestors was a prominent Seer.
* **Hull** \- a corrupt Bard. Unlike Bards, who try to maintain the 'Balance', Hulls seek only power and often work for whoever can get them the most power. Currently they work for Sharma, the Nameless One. Hulls have all the skills of Bards, but none of the moral inhibitions. They use their perverted gifts to create monsters to aid them in their quest of destruction and devastation. Whereas Bards are unusually long-lived but can be killed like other humans, Hulls are nearly immortal and can only be destroyed by Bardic skills, which requires enormous effort and strength. Maerad of Pellinor has single-handedly defeated several of the strongest Hulls at once, leading to speculation over the depth of her powers. The average Hull appears to the heightened senses of Bards as an undead-like creature having leathery yellow skin, red eyes, and no hair, although they are able to disguise themselves as humans to deceive the eyes of ordinary people. A remark by Cadvan suggests that a Hull can be restored to humanity, but no instances of this are shown.
* **Nerili** – fondly called Neri, Nerili is the First Bard of Busk (a School located on the Isle of Thorold) and is a stern, commanding, compassionate figure, confident in her authority, and wise in the Bardic "Way of the Heart", a system of beliefs to which Bards adhere. She is magically the strongest Bard of her School and lives (by her culture's standards) an austere life. It is suggested twice or thrice that she and Cadvan have had a sexual affair, according to the premise that flexible sexual lives are permitted among Bards. She shares with Cadvan the ability to compel truth from her partners in conversation. Her grandfather is Ankil, who lives as a goatherd in Busk's internal mountains. Ankil does not have any formal training unlike his brother Elenxi, who is among the First Circle of the School of Busk.
* **Cur/Snout** – children captured by Sharma's army and gradually brainwashed into serving it by a combination of drugs and psychological conditioning. Because the Bardic ethos considers child soldiery an abomination, the presence of the Curs weakens the defences of the cities they are sent to invade. This impact is enhanced by the ruthlessness of the snouts, who are trained to be merciless or even sadistic, and sometimes by the presence among the snouts of a defender's own child or relative. Snouts are introduced in the third book, wherein Hem infiltrates their training camp in search of his friend Zelika and accompanies a troop of Curs to Dén Raven.
* **Dogsoldier** – a category of infantry serving Sharma and his Hulls, dogsoldiers are described as cyborg-like constructs consisting of humans to which mechanical appendages have been attached. The name is derived from the double-pronged metal "snout" that projects from each dogsoldier's head; this being one of their chief weapons. All of a dogsoldier's weapons are built onto its body and consist largely of a "liquid fire" of undisclosed composition that is sprayed, often from the snout, onto victims. Dogsoldiers are unvaryingly loyal to their commanders and show no mercy to those whom they are sent to kill.
* **Imank** – Sharma's second in command who is called, several times over the course of the story, a sorcerer. Imank is a Hull who commands the "Black Army" of Dén Raven when it makes invasions into the region surrounding Turbansk. He is said to have held control of Dén Raven during Sharma's long absence, and to be the most direct threat to the neighboring kingdoms. Perhaps as a result of having been ruler in Sharma's absence, Imank is rebellious against Sharma and resists him throughout the third book. Their final quarrel begins when they contest questions relating to the management of their resources, and leads to fighting between the factions loyal to Imank and those loyal to Sharma. Ultimately, Sharma confronts Imank, who attempts to kill him. At this, Sharma summons the monstrous 'Shika', a race of "uncreatures" that Sharma can imperfectly control. Imank's fate is not revealed, but because Sharma cannot be killed even by another magic-user, Imank is presumed dead.
* **Zelika** – daughter of a noble house called Il Aran, which lived in Baladh (a school adjacent to The School of Turbansk) before it was annexed and sacked by Sharma's forces. Having survived the slaughter of her family, Zelika traveled to Turbansk alone, intending to die there fighting against the invading army. In Turbansk, she literally ran into Hem, who took her to Saliman, with whom he was living. Zelika became Hem's friend and teacher of the local language, Suderaini. She accompanied Hem on several of his adventures and later joined him and Saliman when they fled from Turbansk immediately prior to its destruction. By this time, her obsession with revenge for the decimation of her family had been reduced, so that she no longer desired to die and was more amenable to suggestion. During their stay in the underground city of Nal-Ak-Burat, Zelika was, in partnership with Hem, trained as a spy for the Light. Their only mission ended in near-disaster when Zelika saw her brother among the child soldiers of the Dark's army and was captured trying to take him from them. She was later killed, although Hem did not know this and risked his own life trying to find and rescue her. After her death, Saliman followed the children's trail to the site thereof and buried her. Hem, upon visiting her grave, stated that he had desired to marry her "when \[they\] grew up".
* **Nyanar** – an Elidhu, said to be more typical of his species than are Arkan or Ardina. It is suggested that he was worshipped as a god by the people of Nal-Ak-Burat, in which he appears as a painting. Several times, Nyanar is shown contacting Hem, variously in the form of a "tree man" (a figure combining characteristics of a man and characteristics of a tree), of a humanoid spirit, and of a deer. In the last, he reveals the Treesong to Hem; in the former two, he had sheltered Hem in the places through which Hem travels by concealing him in the memory of those places as they were before they were despoiled by Sharma. Most of Nyanar's character is expressed through his speeches.


title: Rigby's La Plaza Historic District

abstract: Rigby's La Plaza Historic District is a U.S. historic district located in Sarasota, Florida. The district runs from 1002 through 1038 South Osprey Avenue, 1744 and 1776 Alta Vista Street and 1777 Irving Avenue. It contains 8 historic buildings and 2 objects.

text:
# Rigby's La Plaza Historic District

**Rigby's La Plaza Historic District** is a U.S. historic district (designated as such on April 25, 1994) located in Sarasota, Florida. The district runs from 1002 through 1038 South Osprey Avenue, 1744 and 1776 Alta Vista Street and 1777 Irving Avenue. It contains 8 historic buildings and 2 objects.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Rigby's La Plaza Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Sarasota, Florida |
| Coordinates | 27°19′27″N 82°32′4″W / 27.32417°N 82.53444°W / 27.32417; -82.53444 |
| Area | 30 acres (0.12 km2) |
| Architectural style | Mission/Spanish Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 94000373 |
| Added to NRHP | April 25, 1994 |


title: John Gould (of Seaborough)

abstract: John Gould, of Dorchester, Dorset and Seaborough, Somerset, was an English attorney and politician who sat in the House of Commons of England in 1391. Gould was the son of Robert Gould of Seaborough. He became an attorney and was involved in conveyancing and other land matters. He married his wife Joan before 1401. Gould was returned as Member of Parliament (MP) for Dorchester in 1391. In December 1407, he was appointed tax collector for Somerset, but was too busy as an attorney to carry out his duties. In April 1408 he was appointed bailiff of Dorchester Rich for a year. He was a patron of the church at Seaborough and he granted a plot of his land to the church in November 1414. Gould died sometime before September 1428 when some of his lands were sold.

text:
# John Gould (of Seaborough)

**John Gould** (fl. 1391), of Dorchester, Dorset and Seaborough, Somerset, was an English attorney and politician who sat in the House of Commons of England in 1391.

Gould was the son of Robert Gould of Seaborough. He became an attorney and was involved in conveyancing and other land matters. He married his wife Joan before 1401.

Gould was returned as Member of Parliament (MP) for Dorchester in 1391. In December 1407, he was appointed tax collector for Somerset, but was too busy as an attorney to carry out his duties. In April 1408 he was appointed bailiff of Dorchester Rich for a year. He was a patron of the church at Seaborough and he granted a plot of his land to the church in November 1414.

Gould died sometime before September 1428 when some of his lands were sold.


title: Marta Domínguez (squash player)

abstract: Marta Domínguez Fernández is a Spanish professional squash player. As of August 2021, she was ranked number 78 in the world.

text:
# Marta Domínguez (squash player)

**Marta Domínguez Fernández** (born 2 August 2001 in Vigo) is a Spanish professional squash player. As of August 2021, she was ranked number 78 in the world.

## InfoBox

Marta Domínguez Fernández
| Country | Spain |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (2001-08-02) August 2, 2001<br>Vigo, Spain |
| Turned Pro | 2020 |
| Retired | Active |
| Women's singles | |
| Highest ranking | No. 78 (December 2021) |
| Current ranking | No. 78 (December 2021) |
| Updated on December 2021. | |


title: Robert's Date

abstract: "Robert's Date" is the 15th episode of the third season of the American sitcom Everybody Loves Raymond (1996–2005). The episode aired on February 1, 1999 on CBS.

text:
# Robert's Date

"**Robert's Date**" is the 15th episode of the third season of the American sitcom *Everybody Loves Raymond* (1996–2005). The episode aired on February 1, 1999 on CBS.

## Reception

"Robert's Date" is one of *Everybody Loves Raymond*'s most well-known episodes with viewers, ranking number five in a March 2005 online poll ran by CBS of top *Raymond* episodes; and is considered by some critics one of the best episodes of the entire series. Randy Cordova of *The Arizona Republic* highlighted "Robert's Date" as an "episode you must see," reasoning that it had "lots of laughs, but also a thoughtful look at Robert's insecurity." Garrett also admitted "Robert's Date" to be his favorite *Raymond* episode. Summarized *Screen Rant*, "this episode is rife with plenty of hilariously awkward moments featuring Robert at his comedic best, and some humorous back-and-forth between Ray and his brother as he tries to subtly pass along Judy's message to 'cool it' with the act." However, the publication also criticized the episode for its out-of-date use of stereotypes of African-Americans (particularly with Robert speaking Ebonics) and Italians.

## Awards

Will Mackenzie was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series for his work on "Robert's Date," while Patricia Bennett was nominated for an Eddie Award for Best Edited Half-Hour Series for Television for editing the episode.

## Home media

On May 3, 2005, all of the third season of *Everybody Loves Raymond* was released to DVD; the set not only features "Robert's Date," but also a blooper reel that includes outtakes of the episode.

## InfoBox

| "**Robert's Date**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Everybody Loves Raymond* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 3<br>Episode 15 |
| Directed by | Will Mackenzie |
| Written by | Jeremy Stevens |
| Cinematography by | Mike Berlin |
| Editing by | Patricia Barnett |
| Production code | 9815 |
| Original air date | February 1, 1999 (1999-02-01) |
| Running time | 22 minutes |
| Guest appearances | |
|  | |
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title: Momo (company)

abstract: MOMO Srl is a design company headquartered in Milan, Italy that makes accessories and parts for automobiles, such as alloy wheels, tires, steering wheels, seats, gear sticks. The company also has a clothing line of products that include racing suits, gloves, and shoes.

text:
# Momo (company)

45°27′21″N 9°08′52″E / 45.455842°N 9.147737°E / 45.455842; 9.147737

**MOMO Srl** is a design company headquartered in Milan, Italy that makes accessories and parts for automobiles, such as alloy wheels, tires, steering wheels, seats, gear sticks. The company also has a clothing line of products that include racing suits, gloves, and shoes.

## Company history

MOMO was founded by gentleman racer Gianpiero Moretti in 1964. 'MOMO' are the initials for ***Mo**retti-**Mo**nza*. Monza is a town in the Province of Monza and Brianza. That year, Moretti produced a racing steering wheel for his own race car. This was the first steering wheel produced by the brand. Compared to the other racing steering wheels available on the market at that time, Momo featured thicker grip, the other racers noticed the convenience of that steering wheel and wanted to obtain the same for their vehicles. So, steering wheels by this brand gained fame throughout the racing community and among the Formula One drivers. So, John Surtees, one of Formula One’s drivers, requested the same steering wheel for his single-seater Ferrari. That same year, he won a Formula One race - the first significant victory of the Momo brand.

In 1969 MOMO opened production plant in Tregnago, Province of Verona. Due to increasing United States federal government safety regulations and the wide adoption of airbags in passenger vehicles internationally, MOMO was sold in 1996 to Breed Technologies, a steering wheel airbag manufacturer. Breed Technologies was acquired by private equity firm Carlyle Group and merged with other OEM automotive businesses they owned to form Key Safety Systems in 2003. Key Safety Systems sold the MOMO brand name to an Italian private equity group in 2006, but most of the manufacturing plants and technologies previously owned by MOMO were retained by Key Safety Systems.

In 2011, MOMO was sold to Henrique Cisneros, a Venezuelan-American businessman part of the Grupo Cisneros and amateur racecar driver.

In 2012, MOMO launched a line of summer, all-season, and winter tires in Europe. The tires have been available in North America since 2017.

## Products

MOMO's product range includes consumer accessories such as steering wheels, shift knobs, alloy wheels, and tires through to race equipment such as racing suits and helmets. MOMO airbagged steering wheels have become standard accessories on some regional Subaru and Mitsubishi performance cars. MOMO steering wheels were standard features in the UMM Alter II from 1987 to 1991. MOMO has also designed a steering wheel for computer peripheral company Logitech (called the Logitech MOMO), to be used as a video game controller. Thomas Superwheel controllers (a brand of high-quality, premium priced controllers) also feature the MOMO name. Also watches, eyewear, fragrances, clothing, accessories, etc. are made by brand MOMO DESIGN.

## Motorsport involvement

The company sponsored many prototype cars in the IMSA WSC series including the Ferrari 333 SP sports prototype car, after Scuderia Ferrari had retired from that racing category 20 years earlier.

MOMO was the official steering wheel of the Champ Car series from 2004 to 2007, before Champ Car merged to Indy Racing League. MOMO are also suppliers of the official steering wheel, racing seats, clothing and racing accessories of the Speedcar Series.

MOMO also sponsors Lira Motorsports in the ARCA Racing Series and the Camping World Truck Series.

## InfoBox

MOMO S.r.l
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Automotive |
| Founded | 1964 (1964) |
| Founder | Gianpiero Moretti |
| Headquarters | Milan, Italy |
| Products | Alloy wheels, steering wheels, car seats, gear sticks, tires, decals |
| Website | momo.com |


title: Mount Bintuod

abstract: Mount Bintuod or Mount Dalimanoc is a mountain in the Sierra Madre range in the municipality of Alfonso Castañeda in Nueva Vizcaya province. It is probably the highest peak in the Philippines longest mountain range with a first GPS-based measurement of 1,932 metres (6,339 ft) above sea level, from an expedition in April 2012. There are no records of the first ascent, but local tribe people have long established paths. In some maps this peak is misidentified as Mount Dalimonoc, an actually lower peak adjoining Bintuod to the west. The forested peak can be reached in a two days one night return hike from Barangay Lipuga, Alfonso Castañeda, Nueva Vizcaya. This rural area of the Philippines is traditional land of the Bugkalot or Ilongot tribe and was only opened to a road via Carranglan, Nueva Ecija in 1997 when a hydropower dam was constructed in the Casignan River of the same valley.

text:
# Mount Bintuod

**Mount Bintuod** or **Mount Dalimanoc** is a mountain in the Sierra Madre range in the municipality of Alfonso Castañeda in Nueva Vizcaya province. It is probably the highest peak in the Philippines longest mountain range with a first GPS-based measurement of 1,932 metres (6,339 ft) above sea level, from an expedition in April 2012. There are no records of the first ascent, but local tribe people have long established paths.

In some maps this peak is misidentified as Mount Dalimonoc, an actually lower peak adjoining Bintuod to the west.

The forested peak can be reached in a two days one night return hike from Barangay Lipuga, Alfonso Castañeda, Nueva Vizcaya. This rural area of the Philippines is traditional land of the Bugkalot or Ilongot tribe and was only opened to a road via Carranglan, Nueva Ecija in 1997 when a hydropower dam was constructed in the Casignan River of the same valley.

## InfoBox

| Mount Bintuod | |
| --- | --- |
| Mount BintuodMount Bintuod | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 6,339 ft (1,932 m) |
| Prominence | 1,312 ft (400 m) |
| Coordinates | 15°58′29″N 121°14′30″E / 15.97472°N 121.24167°E / 15.97472; 121.24167 |
| Geography | |
| Country | Philippines |
| Region | Cagayan Valley |
| Province | Nueva Vizcaya |
| City/municipality | Alfonso Castañeda |
| Parent range | Sierra Madre |
| Climbing | |
| First ascent | Unknown |


# Zimbabwean cricket team in Bangladesh in 2015–16

The Zimbabwean cricket team toured Bangladesh in November 2015. In January 2016 the BCB confirmed a further four T20I matches to be played later the same month in Bangladesh as preparation for the Asia Cup and the World Twenty20.

## November 2015

The November fixtures consisted of three One Day Internationals (ODIs), two Twenty20 Internationals (T20Is) and a tour match.

Originally, the tour was scheduled to comprise three Test matches, five ODIs and three T20Is, but the Bangladesh Cricket Board (BCB) reduced it to two Tests, three ODIs and three T20Is. This was because of Bangladesh's preparation for the Asia Cup tournament. The Tests were moved from their originally scheduled dates in January 2015 and were brought forward to November 2015. Zimbabwe were going to play the two Tests in Bangladesh, before returning in January 2016 to complete the limited-overs fixtures.

However, on 16 October 2015, the BCB announced that the Tests would be substituted for limited-overs matches. These would consist of four to five matches and be completed by 22 November, when the Bangladesh Premier League starts. The dates for the tour were confirmed by the BCB on 21 October 2015.

Bangladesh won the ODI series 3–0 and the T20I series was drawn 1–1.

## November squads

| ODIs | | T20Is | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bangladesh | Zimbabwe | Bangladesh | Zimbabwe |
|  |  |  |  |

Bangladesh's Soumya Sarkar was ruled out of the ODI series because of an injury. He was replaced by Imrul Kayes.

## November tour match

### Bangladesh Cricket Board XI v Zimbabweans

* Zimbabweans won the toss and elected to field.
* 16 players per side (11 batting, 11 fielding).

## November ODI series

### 1st ODI

* Zimbabwe won the toss and elected to field.

### 2nd ODI

* Zimbabwe won the toss and elected to field.

### 3rd ODI

* Bangladesh won the toss and elected to bat.

## November T20I series

### 1st T20I

* Bangladesh won the toss and elected to field.
* Jubair Hossain (Ban) made his T20I debut.
* *Malcolm Waller (Zim) scored the fastest T20I fifty (20 balls) by a Zimbabwean cricketer.*

### 2nd T20I

* Bangladesh won the toss and elected to bat.

## January 2016

| Zimbabwean cricket team in Bangladesh in January 2016 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |
|  | Bangladesh | Zimbabwe |
| Dates | 15 January 2016 – 22 January 2016 | | |
| Captains | Mashrafe Mortaza | Elton Chigumbura (1st & 4th T20Is)<br>Hamilton Masakadza (2nd & 3rd T20Is) |
| Twenty20 International series | | | |
| Results | 4-match series drawn 2–2 | | |
| Most runs | Sabbir Rahman (140) | Hamilton Masakadza (222) |
| Most wickets | Shakib Al Hasan (5) | Graeme Cremer (6) |
| Player of the series | Hamilton Masakadza (Zim) | | |

In January 2016 four more T20I matches were announced by the BCB, all to be played at the Sheikh Abu Naser Stadium, Khulna. The series was drawn 2–2. The series was named the Walton T20 Cricket Series. Zimbabwe's Hamilton Masakadza set a world record for the most runs scored in a T20I bilateral series, with a total of 222 across the four games. Following the conclusion of the series, Elton Chigumbura stepped down as captain of the Zimbabwe team.

## January 2016 squads

| Bangladesh | Zimbabwe |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |

Following the conclusion of the 2nd T20I, Mosaddek Hossain, Mohammad Shahid and Muktar Ali were added to Bangladesh's squad. Mushfiqur Rahim was ruled out of the series after getting a hamstring injury during the first T20I and was replaced by Taskin Ahmed.

## January T20I series

### 1st T20I

### 2nd T20I

* Bangladesh won the toss and elected to bat.

### 3rd T20I

### 4th T20I

* Zimbabwe won the toss and elected to bat.
* Hamilton Masakadza's score of 93 not out is the highest score for a Zimbabwean player in a T20I match.

## InfoBox

| Zimbabwean cricket team in Bangladesh in November 2015 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |
|  | Bangladesh | Zimbabwe |
| Dates | 5 November 2015 – 15 | | |
| Captains | Mashrafe Mortaza | Elton Chigumbura |
| One Day International series | | | |
| Results | Bangladesh won the 3-match series 3–0 | | |
| Most runs | Mushfiqur Rahim (156) | Elton Chigumbura (133) |
| Most wickets | Mustafizur Rahman (8) | Tinashe Panyangara (5) |
| Player of the series | Mushfiqur Rahim (Ban) | | |
| Twenty20 International series | | | |
| Results | 2-match series drawn 1–1 | | |
| Most runs | Tamim Iqbal (52) | Malcolm Waller (108) |
| Most wickets | Al-Amin Hossain (5) | Graeme Cremer (5) |
| Player of the series | Malcolm Waller (Zim) | | |


title: Missa angelica

abstract: The Missa angelica is a mass composed by Józef Świder in 1998. He scored it for soprano or tenor solo, a four-part choir, string orchestra and percussion. He also wrote a version for women's choir and keyboard instrument. It was published by Carus-Verlag in 2009. Świder is a Polish composer whose sacred music is popular in his home country and abroad. The title Missa angelica is often used for a mass connected to the annunciation by the archangel Gabriel. Świder set the complete liturgical text of the Mass Ordinary, and even the final "Ite missa est" with an added Alleluja.

text:
# Missa angelica

The ****Missa angelica**** (*Angelic Mass*) is a mass composed by Józef Świder in 1998. He scored it for soprano or tenor solo, a four-part choir, string orchestra and percussion. He also wrote a version for women's choir and keyboard instrument (piano or organ). It was published by Carus-Verlag in 2009.

Świder is a Polish composer whose sacred music is popular in his home country and abroad. The title Missa angelica is often used for a mass connected to the annunciation by the archangel Gabriel. Świder set the complete liturgical text of the Mass Ordinary, and even the final "Ite missa est" with an added Alleluja.

## Structure

Świder structured the text in seven movements, which he marked for tempo in Italian:

* Kyrie – *Lento cantabile*
* Gloria – *Allegretto vigoroso*
* Credo – *Maestose, con moto*
* Sanctus – *Maestoso*
* Benedictus – *Adagio cantabile*
* Agnus Dei – *Lento*
* Ite missa est – *Allegretto vigoroso*

The duration is given as 24 minutes.

## InfoBox

| *Missa angelica* | |
| --- | --- |
| Mass by Józef Świder | |
| The composer | |
| Text | Mass Ordinary |
| Language | la |
| Composed | 1998 (1998) |
| Published | 2009 (2009):  Stuttgart |
| Movements | seven |
| Vocal | * soprano (or tenor) solo * SATB choir |
| Instrumental |  |