title: Pailhead

abstract: Pailhead was a short-lived side project of Al Jourgensen of Ministry that featured Dischord Records founder and former Minor Threat frontman Ian MacKaye on vocals. The band's sound was a combination of industrial beats and hardcore punk, presaging what Ministry would later do with Jello Biafra in another side project, Lard.

text:
# Pailhead

**Pailhead** was a short-lived side project of Al Jourgensen of Ministry that featured Dischord Records founder and former Minor Threat frontman Ian MacKaye on vocals. The band's sound was a combination of industrial beats and hardcore punk, presaging what Ministry would later do with Jello Biafra in another side project, Lard.

## Background

While Alain Jourgensen was living in London, he met Ian MacKaye. MacKaye had been in Washington D.C. punk bands The Teen Idles, Minor Threat, Skewbald/Grand Union, Egg Hunt and Embrace and was on the verge of forming Fugazi, while Jourgensen was taking his band Ministry into new territory—away from the more pop sound of *With Sympathy* and toward the harder sound of *The Land of Rape and Honey*. The two found common ground both musically and politically and decided to collaborate on a project that would fuse elements of industrial music with hardcore punk.

Pailhead released the single "I Will Refuse" / "No Bunny" (released in both 7" and 12" formats) in 1987 and the 4-song EP *Trait* in 1988, both on the Wax Trax! record label. The CD edition of *Trait* also incorporates both sides of the "I Will Refuse" / "No Bunny" single. The drummer for "No Bunny" was Eric Spicer of Naked Raygun. These tracks were later re-released on Ministry's odds-and-ends compilation *Side Trax*.

MacKaye stated on an episode of the Kreative Kontrol podcast that he has never played live with the band.

* Chris Connelly's first work with Jourgensen was to record vocals for the track that would later emerge as "I Will Refuse." Connelly released this version, which he called "Stick" and attributed to the Revolting Cocks, on his *Initials C.C.* album. In his memoirs, he says he was not offended when MacKaye rerecorded the vocals with new lyrics, saying "It was an honor to be erased by Ian."
* The song "I Will Refuse" was used in the Zero Skateboards video *Misled Youth* (1999).
* In the game *Mat Hoffman's Pro BMX*, songs were also featured in the Streets on Fire skateboard video (Santa Cruz Skateboards). These songs included "Man Should Surrender", and "Don't Stand in Line".
* The song "I Will Refuse" was used in the premiere episode of *Cold Case's* fourth season, "Rampage".
* "I Will Refuse" was covered by Soulfly and featured as a bonus track on the Japanese edition of their album, .
* Spinnerette's cover version of "I Will Refuse" was released with their song "All Babes Are Wolves".

## Discography

* *I Will Refuse" b/w "No Bunny* 7" and 12" single (1987)
* "Man Should Surrender" b/w "Anthem" 7" single (1988)
* "Don't Stand in Line" b/w "Ballad" 7" single (1988)
* *Trait* 12" EP (comprising Pailhead's last two singles) and CD (made up of all 3 singles) (1988)

## Members

## InfoBox

| Pailhead | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | United States |
| Genres |  |
| Years active | 1987-1988 |
| Labels | Wax Trax! |
|  | |
| Past members |  |


title: Pajalat

abstract: The Pajalat were a Native American group who lived in the area just south of San Antonio, Texas, prior to the arrival of the Spanish to the region in the 18th century.

text:
# Pajalat

The **Pajalat** were a Native American group who lived in the area just south of San Antonio, Texas, prior to the arrival of the Spanish to the region in the 18th century.

## Language

The Pajalat spoke a dialect of the Coahuiltecan language. They spoke the same language as the Tiplacopal and Patumaco peoples.

## Territory

At the time of European and African contact, the Pajalat lived between the Frio River and the San Antonio River. The Tiplacopal people shared their territory. A 1727 Spanish map shows the Pajalat and Siquipil lived in what is now Goliad County, Texas.

## 18th-century history

When Spaniards settled San Antonio, Pajalats moved there and to the Nuestra Señora de la Purísima Concepción de Acuña and San Francisco de la Espada Missions when they were founded in 1731. At Mission Concepción members of the tribe alternated holding gobernador and alcalde offices with Tacame people. Historians have found records of 23 to 82 Pajalats living at Mission Concepción.

By 1791, some Pajalat joined the Nuestra Señora del Refugio Mission in present-day Refugio, Texas.

## Name

The Pajalat were also called the Cajalate, Pajal, Pajalac, Pajalache, Pajalatam, Pallalat, Paxolot, and many other variations.

They are not to be confused with the distinct Pachalaque people.

## Further reading

* Barr, Juliana. *Peace Came in the Form of a Woman: Indians and Spaniards in the Texas Borderlands*. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007. especially page 128.

## InfoBox

Pajalat
| Manuscript about the language of the Pajalats in this language and Spanish by Fray Gabriel de Vergara dated 1732 | |
| --- | --- |
| Total population | |
| *extinct as a tribe* | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Texas | |
| Languages | |
| a Coahuiltecan language | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| other Coahuiltecan peoples | |


title: National Vision Party

abstract: The National Vision Party of Kenya is a political party founded, by former cabinet Minister Nicholas Biwott in 2008, in the fall out of his failed attempts to seize control of former ruling party the Kenya African National Union from Uhuru Kenyatta. In December 2012, the party entered a four party coalition including the New Ford Kenya, United Democratic Movement and Kenya African National Union to field a single presidential candidate at the 2013 general elections.

text:
# National Vision Party

The **National Vision Party of Kenya** is a political party founded, by former cabinet Minister Nicholas Biwott in 2008, in the fall out of his failed attempts to seize control of former ruling party the Kenya African National Union from Uhuru Kenyatta. In December 2012, the party entered a four party coalition including the New Ford Kenya, United Democratic Movement and Kenya African National Union to field a single presidential candidate at the 2013 general elections.

## InfoBox

| National Vision Party | |
| --- | --- |
| Leader | Eng. Anthony Chelimo |
| Founder | Nicholas Biwott |
| Founded | 2008 |
| Headquarters | VISION PLAZA |
| National affiliation | Pambazuko Alliance |
| Slogan | POA |
|  | |


title: Hugh Alexander Pollock

abstract: Lieutenant Colonel Hugh Alexander Pollock was a British publishing editor, who served as a soldier in the Royal Scots Fusiliers in the First World War and in the Auxiliary Military Pioneer Corps in the Second World War. Married three times, he was the first husband of Enid Blyton, and then Ida Pollock, both writers.

text:
# Hugh Alexander Pollock

Lieutenant Colonel **Hugh Alexander Pollock** DSO (29 July 1888 – 6 November 1971) was a British publishing editor, who served as a soldier in the Royal Scots Fusiliers in the First World War and in the Auxiliary Military Pioneer Corps in the Second World War. Married three times, he was the first husband of Enid Blyton, and then Ida Pollock, both writers.

## Biography

### Early life

Hugh Alexander Pollock was born in Ayr, Scotland, the elder of the two sons of bookseller and publisher William Smillie Pollock (1858–1942) and his wife Jessie Smith McBride. He was educated at Ayr Academy. He and his younger brother Fred worked in his father's business.

He joined the British Army, and became a second lieutenant in the 5th Battalion of the Royal Scots Fusiliers in May 1912. He married Marion Atkinson in October 1913, at the Hotel Dalblair in Ayr. They had two sons, William Cecil Alexander (1914–16) and Edward Alistair (1915–69).

In the First World War, he served with his regiment in Gallipoli, Palestine and France. He was a captain, serving as an adjutant, in September 1915. From December 1915 to May 1916, he had served as commander of the 6th Battalion of the Royal Scots Fusiliers on the Western Front. He had been promoted to major, attached to the 12th Battalion, when he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order in 1919. After the war, he served as a temporary captain in the Indian Army.

### Publisher and marriage to Enid Blyton

After leaving the army Pollock moved to England and joined the publishers George Newnes in London. He worked with Winston Churchill in the 1920s, editing Churchill's six-volume narrative history *The World Crisis*, published between 1923 and 1931.

Through Newnes Pollock met Enid Blyton, a writer nine years his junior, after she had been commissioned to write a children's book about London Zoo. Their relationship developed, and shortly after he divorced his estranged first wife he married Blyton at Bromley Register Office in August 1924; the couple spent their honeymoon in Jersey. After their marriage the Pollocks lived in a flat in Chelsea. They moved out of central London in 1926 to live at Elfin Cottage in Beckenham, and then to Old Thatch in Bourne End, Buckinghamshire in 1929. They had two daughters: Gillian Mary (1931–2007), and Imogen Mary (1935–2020). The family moved in 1938, settling in a large house in Beaconsfield in Buckinghamshire which was named Green Hedges by readers of Blyton's magazine *Sunny Stories*.

Pollock became a heavy drinker in the late 1930s. His marriage to Blyton came under severe strain, and she had a series of affairs, the most serious being with Kenneth Fraser Darrell Waters, a London surgeon, in 1941.

Pollock rejoined the Army after the outbreak of the Second World War and worked in the Cabinet Office. He was appointed a major in the Auxiliary Military Pioneer Corps in November 1940, and was appointed the Commandant of the War Office School for Instructors of the Home Guard in 1940, based at a (now demolished) country house at Denbies in Dorking.

Pollock had met aspiring author Ida Crowe, nineteen years his junior, after she submitted in the 1920s her first novel, *Palanquins and coloured lanterns*, to George Newnes and the firm lost it during six months; Pollock retrieved the book, and it was finally published in the mid-1930s. After years of friendship, Pollock now asked Crowe to join him in Dorking in a secretarial role. During a bungled firearms training session on a firing range, he was hit by shrapnel and Ida contacted Enid, who declined to visit her husband because she was busy and hated hospitals. In May 1942, during Ida's visit to her mother's home in Hastings, a bomb destroyed the house. She escaped unhurt, but her mother was in hospital for two weeks. Pollock paid for Ida to stay at Claridges and he said he had decided to divorce his wife.

Pollock was posted to the United States in June 1942 to advise on civil defence.

Pollock and Blyton were divorced in 1943. Blyton married her lover Darrell Waters on 20 October 1943, and Pollock and Crowe were married at Guildhall Register Office six days later. After the marriages, Enid changed the surname of their daughters and stopped him from contacting them, and he did not see them again. The only child of his third marriage, Rosemary, was born in 1944.

He was a lieutenant colonel in the Royal Pioneer Corps when appointed an Officer in the US Legion of Merit in 1947.

### Later life

Pollock left the Army for a second time after the Second World War with the rank of lieutenant colonel, but found Blyton prevented him returning to his old job at George Newnes, threatening to change her publisher if he was accepted back. She also used her influence to block him from working elsewhere in the publishing business, and he worked in the Cabinet Office. His heavy drinking resumed and he petitioned for bankruptcy in 1950.

Meanwhile, his third wife decided to financially support the family writing romances. Her first contemporary romance was published by Mills & Boon in 1952. Being in print with several major international publishers at the same time, she decided to use multiple pseudonyms and she found success as a romantic novelist. It was their daughter's asthma that brought the Pollocks to Cornwall. After it, they lived at various places in England, Ireland, France, Italy, and Switzerland before settling in Malta. Their daughter Rosemary also became a writer from 1969 to 1981.

Pollock died at 82, on 8 November 1971 in Malta, and is buried at the military cemetery at Imtarfa. His family returned to England, where his wife died on 3 December 2013, at 105.

## InfoBox

| Hugh Alexander PollockDSO | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1888-07-29)29 July 1888
Ayr, Scotland |
| Died | 6 November 1971(1971-11-06) (aged 83)
Malta |
| Resting place | Imtarfa, Malta |
| Nationality | British |
| Occupation | Publishing editor |
| Spouses | * Marion Atkinson
(m. 1913; div. 1924) * Enid Blyton
(m. 1924; div. 1943) * Ida Crowe
(m. 1943) |
| Children | 5, including Gillian and Rosemary |


title: Oenocarpus simplex

abstract: Oenocarpus simplex is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is found only in Colombia and Panama.

text:
# Oenocarpus simplex

***Oenocarpus simplex*** is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is found only in Colombia and Panama.

## InfoBox

| *Oenocarpus simplex* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Arecales |
| Family: | Arecaceae |
| Genus: | *Oenocarpus* |
| Species: | ***O. simplex*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oenocarpus simplex***
Bernal, Galeano & Henderson | |
|


title: María Auxiliadora metro station

abstract: María Auxiliadora is a Lima and Callao Metro station on Line 1. The station is located between Villa María and San Juan. It was inaugurated on 28 April 1990 as part of the first section of the line between Villa El Salvador and Atocongo. However, commercial service only started on 18 January 2003, was suspended in July 2003 due to the lack of funds, and resumed only on Saturdays and Sundays on 17 January 2004. The full revenue service started on 3 January 2012, with trains running to Miguel Grau.

text:
# María Auxiliadora metro station

**María Auxiliadora** is a Lima and Callao Metro station on Line 1. The station is located between Villa María and San Juan. It was inaugurated on 28 April 1990 as part of the first section of the line between Villa El Salvador and Atocongo. However, commercial service only started on 18 January 2003, was suspended in July 2003 due to the lack of funds, and resumed only on Saturdays and Sundays on 17 January 2004. The full revenue service started on 3 January 2012, with trains running to Miguel Grau.

## InfoBox

| María Auxiliadora | |
| --- | --- |
| Lima and Callao Metro station | |
| María Auxiliadora station in 2013 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Lima<br>Peru |
| Coordinates | 12°09′38.8″S 76°57′23.6″W / 12.160778°S 76.956556°W / -12.160778; -76.956556 |
| Line(s) | Line 1 |
| History | |
| Opened | 28 April 1990 (1990-04-28) |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Lima and Callao Metro Following station  Villa Maríatoward Villa El Salvador  Line 1  San Juantoward Bayóvar | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Madame Charles Max

abstract: Madame Charles Max is an oil on canvas painting by the Italian painter Giovanni Boldini, from 1896. It is held in the Musée d'Orsay, in Paris.

text:
# Madame Charles Max

***Madame Charles Max*** is an oil on canvas painting by the Italian painter Giovanni Boldini, from 1896. It is held in the Musée d'Orsay, in Paris.

## History

Boldini represents the beautiful and renowned society singer Jeanne Max (1869-1929), the wife of Jules Charles Max; she used to receive all the Parisian elite in her salon.

This full-length portrait was exhibited at the Salon of the Société nationale des beaux-arts. The critic François Thiébault-Sisson praised it: “In the scabrous art of accentuating, by the unexpectedness of movement, through the unexpected, often risky, pose, the grace and piquancy of his models, Boldini knows no rival."

## Description

In this portrait, the woman walks slightly towards the viewer, and shows an uninhibited, smiling and relaxed gaze. Madame Max wears a white dress, supported at the waist by a sash and at the shoulders by a single, thin stripe (the other appears to have provocatively slipped over her shoulder) and with a generous neckline. Boldini insists on the oval of the face, where the pink cheeks stand out, and in the tousled hairstyle. If the brushstrokes that draw the face are descriptive and attentive to detail, in the depiction of the dress, Boldini resorts to his famous "saber cuts": the regal evening dress, in fact, allows the use of long and delicate brushstrokes, with which the figure of Madame Max seems to acquire an unprecedented lightness. In the background, Boldini depicts a molded doorframe.

Boldini carefully describes the anatomy of the character, as observed by art critics Giorgio Cricco and Francesco Di Teodoro, "the left leg is slightly raised, with the knee consequently advanced and the corresponding arm slenderly backwards, to balance the step, while the right hand skilfully gathers the long dress to further facilitate the gait."

The model's unstable and dynamic pose exalts her sensuality. The painting is executed in white and gray tones; the framing reduces as much as possible the relationship of the figure with its environment and the surrounding objects.

## InfoBox

| Madame Charles Max | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Artist | Giovanni Boldini |
| Year | 1896 |
| Medium | Oil on canvas |
| Dimensions | 203 cm × 100 cm (80 in × 39 in) |
| Location | Musée d'Orsay, Paris |


title: Melanoplus bruneri

abstract: Melanoplus bruneri, known generally as the Bruner's spur-throat grasshopper or Bruner's locust, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Melanoplus bruneri

***Melanoplus bruneri***, known generally as the **Bruner's spur-throat grasshopper** or **Bruner's locust**, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.

## InfoBox

| *Melanoplus bruneri* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Orthoptera |
| Suborder: | Caelifera |
| Family: | Acrididae |
| Tribe: | Melanoplini |
| Genus: | *Melanoplus* |
| Species: | ***M. bruneri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Melanoplus bruneri***<br>Scudder, 1897 | |
|


title: Freelan Oscar Stanley

abstract: Freelan Oscar Stanley was an American inventor, entrepreneur, hotelier, and architect. He made his fortune in the manufacture of photographic plates but is best remembered as the co-founder, with his brother Francis Edgar Stanley, of the Stanley Motor Carriage Company which built steam-powered automobiles until 1920. He also built and operated the Stanley Hotel in Estes Park, Colorado.

text:
# Freelan Oscar Stanley

**Freelan Oscar Stanley** (June 1, 1849 – October 2, 1940) was an American inventor, entrepreneur, hotelier, and architect. He made his fortune in the manufacture of photographic plates but is best remembered as the co-founder, with his brother Francis Edgar Stanley, of the Stanley Motor Carriage Company which built steam-powered automobiles until 1920. He also built and operated the Stanley Hotel in Estes Park, Colorado.

## Early life

Freelan Oscar Stanley and his twin Francis Edgar (1849-1918) were born on June 1, 1849, in Kingfield, Maine. They were the grandsons of Liberty Stanley, whose wife, Hannah Metcalf Fairbanks, died following the birth of their seventh child. Unable to handle the burden by himself, Liberty arranged for several of the children to be adopted. The son named after him was adopted and renamed Solomon Liberty Stanley by his brother, Solomon Stanley. The seven children of Solomon Liberty Stanley and his wife Apphia French who reached adulthood included Freelan and Francis.

Although the Stanley family was not wealthy, education was highly valued and knowledge of science, poetry, and music was encouraged from a young age. The eldest son, Isaac Newton Stanley, was named for Solomon Liberty Stanley's older brother, who had been named after the English scientist. Two of their sons, John Calvin Stanley (named for the Protestant reformer) and Ulysses Grant Stanley, died in infancy. Their one daughter, Chansonetta Stanley Emmons, achieved significant recognition as a photographer. It has been suggested that the names Francis Edgar and Freelan Oscar were drawn from the pages of Sir Walter Scott although Edgar appears to be the only one of their names shared with a character from his works. Scott's *Marmion* had special significance for the Stanley brothers, uniting their love of poetry and the arts with pride in their Scottish ancestry. "On, Stanley, on!" a battle cry quoted in this poem became the motto of the Stanley Dry Plate Company featured on their packaging (albeit with an error in punctuation) above the logo of a knight on horseback.

At age nine, Freelan and Francis started their first business together, refining and selling maple sugar. They used their hard-earned money to purchase wool cloth for school suits and Benjamin Greenleaf's *National Arithmetic* a book of equations that they completed. When they reached age eleven, their great-uncle, Liberty Stanley, who had raised their father as his own son, taught them the art of violin making. By age sixteen, Freelan had completed three instruments. He continued to make them throughout his life, creating many concert-quality pieces still prized today by collectors and musicians. In 1863, in the midst of the American Civil War, the brothers were witness to the Kingfield Rebellion, a protest against the highly unpopular Enrollment Act and the only anti-Union rebellion to occur in the State of Maine.

At age 20, the brothers began their collegiate education at Western State Normal School (now University of Maine, Farmington) with the intention of becoming educators. Francis soon found that academic schooling was not to his liking and left to pursue a career as a portrait artist. Freelan continued his education at Hebron Academy from 1871 to 1873 and Bowdoin College in Brunswick from 1873 to 1874. He was in the same class as Arctic explorer Admiral Robert Peary and present during the so-called Drill Rebellion, in which Bowdoin pupils refused to participate in the daily military drills mandated by the college president, Joshua Chamberlain.

After Bowdoin, Stanley became headmaster of the high school in Mechanic Falls, Maine. There he met Flora Jane Record Tileston (1847-1939), a teacher and pianist of some competency whom he married in 1876. In 1881, Freelan was struck with tuberculosis and his 27-year-old brother Solomon Liberty died of the disease. Believing that his survival depended on a less sedentary life, he turned to manufacturing, opening the Stanley Practical Drawing Set factory. However, this business and his investment in it were destroyed by a fire a year later, in 1882.

## Stanley Dry Plate Company

After leaving school, Francis Stanley married Augusta May Walker (1848-1927) and opened a portrait studio. His first technique was "crayon" or charcoal, supplemented with his "improvement to the Atomizer," a forerunner of the modern air brush, which he patented in 1876. In 1882, Francis began experimenting with photography, about which he became passionate. After his brother's factory burned, Francis suggested that they work together to create a new photographic product. By 1885, the Stanley brothers had established the Stanley Dry Plate Company in Lewiston, Maine.

The first primitive dry photo plate had been invented by the English physician Richard Leach Maddox in 1871. Charles Bennett made important improvements to the original formula but, ten years later, most photographers were still using a wet plate collodion process. By perfecting their factory process and marketing their product across the country, the Stanley Company quickly rose to dominance at the start of the market for factory-made (rather than studio-made) photo materials. The brothers amassed a small fortune and, in 1890, moved their business to Watertown, Massachusetts, and bought homes in nearby Newton.

In Newton, Freelan and Flora Stanley were members of well-to-do society. In 1894, Freelan built a Colonial Revival house at 165 Hunnewell Avenue in the Hunnewell Hill neighborhood of Newton Corner. In 1896, his brother built a home for his family nearby at 638 Centre Street and soon acquired a summer residence at Squirrel Island, Maine. In 1897-98 the twins purchased land for and began construction of the Hunnewell Club, the seat of a social organization for their friends and neighbors. The building had a ballroom, billiard tables, and bowling alleys.

In 1900-1904, Freelan drew plans for the Amos G. Winter House in Kingfield, Maine. L.A. Norton executed the construction of the house which still stands at 33 Winter's Hill Road and is similar to Freelan's other architectural designs.

## Stanley Motor Carriage Company

Freelan and Francis Stanley were well-poised to immerse themselves in the many technological advancements happening around them. Adjacent to the Stanley dry-plate factory in Watertown was a bicycle factory owned by Sterling Elliott. Francis became fascinated by the new bicycle craze and attempted to interest his wife in it. When she fell off and swore she would never ride again, Francis told her, "Never you mind, Gustie. I will build something so that we can ride together in safety and comfort." Francis began to build an automobile, a project that soon absorbed his attention. After considering the merits of combustion, electricity, and steam, he determined that steam was the most practical. His brother and he would hold steadfastly to the superiority of steam power well after the combustion engine superseded it.

By 1897, Francis Stanley had sold his horses and buggies and built his first automobile, using wagon and bicycle parts from Sterling Elliott's factory. The following year, the Stanley brothers took the car to the Boston Auto Show (1898) held in Charles River Park. It so impressed the crowd that Freelan Stanley became committed to his brother's passion for steam cars and they began to produce them on order as the Stanley Motor Carriage Company.

In 1899, John Brisben Walker (editor of *Cosmopolitan Magazine*, and an early investor in the area around Colorado Springs) expressed interest in purchasing the Stanleys' car business. Reluctant to sell, the brothers asked for a good deal more than they thought Walker would be willing to pay: $250,000 in ready cash. To their surprise, Walker accepted their offer, although he had to seek the partnership of "Asphalt King" Amzi L. Barber to finance the deal. For a few months, while Walker and Barber managed the enterprise together, the Stanley Brothers stayed on as consultants, Francis in manufacturing and Freelan in marketing. This period was distinguished by a number of publicity stunts for which Stanley automobiles received much notoriety.

In August 1899, Freelan and Flora Stanley became the first motorists to reach the top of Mt. Washington, the highest peak in New England. In November of that year, Freelan gave William McKinley a tour of Washington DC in a Stanley automobile, which was the first time a sitting U.S. President had ridden in a car.

Within a year, due to disagreements, Walker and Barber had parted ways and created two separate car companies. Barber's company, which existed briefly as the Mobile Company of America, moved into a new factory in Tarrytown, New York designed by the architect Sanford White. Walker's Locomobile Company of America, which became more successful after switching to a combustion engine, moved in 1900 to Bridgeport, Connecticut, an important early center for the American auto industry.

Disappointed by the disintegration of their former company, Freelan and Francis decided to start again from scratch. Their name was no longer in use and their former factory had been vacated by Walker, but the patents still belonged to Locomobile. The Stanleys resolved this problem by changing and improving their original designs. In 1901, they began production of a new Stanley Motor Carriage under their old name. The quality of their new cars was such that their rival in the photo plate business, George Eastman (of Kodak, Rochester, NY), became an avid customer, acquiring a Steamer in 1901. "If the electric \[automobile\] is a 'peach,'" he once remarked, "then the Stanley is a 'peacherina.'" The original Stanley auto patents were purchased back from Walker in 1903 for $20,000, the same year that Locomobile abandoned steam for combustion. In 1905, the Stanleys sold their dry plate company to Eastman Kodak and Eastman soon dissolved it.

In 1906, with driver Fred Marriott behind the wheel, the Stanleys' specially designed "Rocket Racer" broke the land speed record, achieving 127.66 miles per hour over one kilometer at Ormond Beach, Florida, earning them the Dewar Trophy. The following year, when they attempted to break their own record, the Rocket Racer crashed. Although Marriott was not killed, the Stanley brothers decided to set aside their record-breaking ambitions. They did plan to compete in the 1906 Vanderbilt Cup Race with a specially designed "Vanderbilt Racer" but they were disqualified by the strict entry requirements.

## Estes Park, Colorado

In 1903, Freelan Stanley was stricken with a life-threatening resurgence of tuberculosis. The most highly recommended treatment of the day was fresh, dry air with lots of sunlight and a hearty diet. Like many "lungers" of his day, he resolved to take the possibly curative air of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado. This decision may have been influenced by his acquaintance with John Brisben Walker, who had been a property investor in Colorado since 1880 and became a resident of Morrison, Colorado after selling *Cosmopolitan* to William Randolph Hearst in 1905.

Freelan and Flora arrived in Denver in March, 1903, followed shortly by his Stanley Runabout which was shipped by train. After one night at the Brown Palace Hotel, Stanley arranged an appointment with Dr. Charles Bonney (MD, Harvard, 1889), the preeminent American expert on tuberculosis. Dr. Bonney, a great advocate for home treatment, advised Stanley to leave the hotel for a rented house as soon as possible. Stanley spent the remainder of the winter at 1401 Gilpin Street but, when his symptoms had not improved by June, he decided to spend the summer in the Colorado mountains. Bonney recommended Estes Park, whose climate he compared with that of Davos, Switzerland, a posh resort for European tuberculetics. On June 29, Stanley saw Flora off by train and stagecoach while he set out in his car. After getting lost and spending the night in Boulder, Stanley arrived on June 30. During their first summer, the couple rented a primitive cabin from the owners of the Elkhorn Lodge.

By the end of that summer, Stanley's health had improved dramatically. Impressed by the beauty of the valley and grateful for his recovery, he decided to return every summer and acquired property in Estes Park for that purpose. With the help of English architect Henry "Lord Cornwallis" Rogers, with whom he had recently become acquainted, Stanley began the construction of a summer home there, which he called Rockside. Completed in 1904, it had four bedrooms, gracious living areas, and a modern kitchen so that Flora could entertain guests. Stanley, whose primary leisure activities involved billiards, violins, and steam cars, designed a basement with space for a billiard table and a detached garage with a violin workshop and a turntable, so that the steam car could exit without reversing. The front door of the house opened onto a veranda facing south with a view across the Estes Valley toward Long's Peak. Dr. Charles Bonney, who apparently approved of his patient's choices, included images of the house in his 1908 book, *Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Its Complications.* It remains standing today west of the Stanley Hotel, where it has been restored as a historic home.

By 1907, Stanley and his wife had become enamored of the beauty of the Colorado mountains, comparing them to the "rock-ribbed" hills "ancient as the sun" of William Cullen Bryant's *Thanatopsis*. Not content with the rustic accommodations, lazy pastimes, and relaxed social scene of their new home, Stanley resolved to turn Estes Park into a resort town. In 1907, construction began on the Stanley Hotel, designed to cater to wealthy urbanites like those in the Stanleys' social circle in Newton. Construction was steel frame with clapboarding on a granite foundation. Executed to Stanley's specifications, the structure was built with the professional aid of Denver architect, Theilman Robert Weiger.

To power the hotel, Stanley constructed the Fall River Hydro-Plant, which brought electricity to Estes Park for the first time. Upon opening, the hotel had a fully electric kitchen and steam laundry, a hydraulic elevator, electric lights and telephones, and 48 guest rooms, each pair sharing a bathroom. Near the hotel, Stanley built a concert hall with a Steinway grand piano as a gift for Flora. During the day, guests at the Stanley enjoyed golf, bowling, horseback-riding, and motor excursions; at night there were formal dinners, concerts, and lighter entertainment such as billiards.

The steam car played a pivotal role in the hotel's operation: to transport visitors to and from the hotel, Stanley created a 12-seat model which was thereafter marketed as the "Mountain Wagon" and became popular at other resorts such as those near present-day Olympic National Park in the State of Washington.

Stanley's presence and the hotel's construction provided enormous impetus to the town of Estes Park, which incorporated in 1917. In 1904, Stanley organized and partially funded the paving of the Big Thompson Canyon Road (today US 34) to Loveland and, in 1907, the paving of the St. Vrain Road (today US 36). In 1906, he became president of the Protective and Improvement Association, and in 1907, first president of the Estes Park Bank. By 1908, he had purchased the ranch lands of Lord Dunraven, much of which he gradually donated to the town. His largest grant, given in 1936, is now occupied in part by the man-made Lake Estes (formed by Olympus Dam 1947-48) the fairgrounds (1941), the town's elementary and high schools, and the Estes Park Museum.

F.O. Stanley is also known for his role in the creation of Rocky Mountain National Park. As president of the Protective and Improvement Association, he was aware that the value of the Estes Valley lay in its natural beauty and wildlife. To help sustain these despite the growing number of tourists and sportsmen, he organized the establishment of the Fall River Fish Hatchery in 1907 and the introduction of a herd of elk from Yellowstone National Park in 1913, the offspring of which are now abundant in the Estes Valley. Most importantly, he forged a friendship with naturalist Enos Mills, who ran the rustic Long's Peak Inn. With Stanley's encouragement and financial support, Mills traveled the country to campaign for the protection of the Rockies of north-central Colorado. In 1915, Woodrow Wilson signed the order establishing Rocky Mountain National Park, the tenth in US history and, today, the fourth most-visited of the country's 63 national parks.

In 1926, Freelan sold the hotel to the Stanley Corporation, a private company established to manage his assets in Estes Park. Without his fortune to support the operating costs, the corporation soon filed for bankruptcy. Freelan purchased the hotel back at a low price and sold it in 1930 to auto and hotel magnate Roe Emery of Denver, who remained the owner until 1947. The Stanleys continued to spend the summers at their nearby residence.

## Later life

After adopting Estes Park as his summer home, Freelan Stanley gradually shifted from his other business ventures to management of his hotel and philanthropy. In 1903, he endowed the construction of a new high school in his hometown of Kingfield, Maine. It remains standing today as a museum dedicated to his life. By 1917, at the age of 68, Freelan and Francis stepped down from management of the Stanley Motor Carriage Company. That year, Francis and his wife Augusta visited his brother's property in Estes Park for the first time. The following year, Francis was killed while driving a Stanley automobile on a country road near Wenham, Massachusetts. In 1918, Freelan sold his interests in the motor carriage company to his nephew-in-law, Prescott Warren, who continued the production of steam-powered vehicles until the company's closure in 1926.

Stanley served on many boards and committees. He became a trustee of Hebron Academy in 1911 and was president of the board from 1914 until his death. In 1926 he endowed the school with funds to build the Stanley Arena, the first enclosed high school hockey rink in the nation. Future pro-hockey players Eddie Jeremiah (Boston Bruins) and Danny Sullivan (Hershey Bears) played for Hebron as students. In 1913, Stanley became a trustee of the Maine State Sanatorium Association. In Estes Park, he served as president of numerous organizations whose mission was to improve and develop the town.

In 1933, his steam-powered car having long been superseded by combustion-powered models, Stanley called on Henry Ford, who now dominated the automobile industry, at his factory in Dearborn, Michigan. During the visit, Ford bought several of Stanley's violins.

By 1926, Flora Stanley's eyesight had deteriorated so that she was uncomfortable in places she didn't know well. Although the Stanleys continued to travel between Newton and Estes Park, Freelan began to think of retiring from public life and selling the hotel. In 1939, Flora died soon after suffering a stroke at Rockside. Freelan returned to Estes Park for the following summer but maintained an inconspicuous presence. On October 2, 1940, shortly after returning to Newton, Stanley died of heart failure at age 91.

## Personal characteristics

Raised in a Calvinist household in the then tee-totaling State of Maine, Stanley did not drink alcoholic beverages and, having survived tuberculosis, he did not smoke cigars, unlike many men of his day. Stanley's upbringing gave him a love of practical knowledge as well as an appreciation for music and poetry which he enjoyed throughout his life. His favorite pastimes were bowling, playing billiards, and working in his violin shop. The results of a bowling tournament held at the Hunnewell Club, published in the *Newton Graphic*, show that Stanley came in 1st place and his twin brother in 8th place. He was fiscally conservative and insisted on paying and being paid in cash. He was discreet in his religious and political affiliations. In 1902 Stanley wrote a letter to the *Newton Graphic* criticizing Christian Science and expressing some negative opinions about orthodox interpretations of scripture. He likely shared the attitudes expressed by biblical scholar Charles Augustus Briggs in his controversial address to the Union Theological Seminary in 1876.

He was devoted to his wife Flora, to whom he was married for 63 years until her death. They did not have children but remained close to their nieces and nephews, and were notoriously kind to the children of Estes Park and those who visited the Stanley Hotel. He showed a sense of humor, posing for photographs dressed as "your Western man" in a ten-gallon hat and woolly chaps, and as the "King of Estes Park" with a tin canister on his head for a crown, placed there by the local children.

## Architectural designs

* 1894, F.O. Stanley House, 165 Hunnewell Avenue, Newton, MA
* 1897-1998, The Hunnewell Club, 84 Eldredge Street, Newton, MA
* 1900-1904, "Hillholm" (Amos G. Winter House), 33 Winter's Hill Road, Kingfield, ME
* 1903-1905, "Rockside" (F.O. Stanley House), 415 W Wonderview Avenue, Estes Park, CO (With Henry Rogers)
* 1907-1908, The Stanley Hotel, 333 E Wonderview Avenue, Estes Park, CO (with Henry Rogers & Theilman Robert Weiger)

## Legacy

F.O. Stanley was inducted into the Colorado Business Hall of Fame by Rocky Mountain Junior Achievement and the Denver Metro Chamber of Commerce in 2016.

In 2016, the Stanley Hotel announced a competition for a sculpture for the center of the terrace in front of the hotel. Sculptors Sutton Betti and Daniel Glanz won the competition with a sculpture of F.O. Stanley holding one of his violins. The sculpture was installed and dedicated on September 29, 2016.

**People**

**Places**

**Institutions**

## InfoBox

| Freelan Oscar Stanley | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1849-06-01)June 1, 1849<br>Kingfield, Maine, US |
| Died | October 2, 1940(1940-10-02) (aged 91)<br>Newton, Massachusetts, US |
| Resting place | Riverside Cemetery<br>Kingfield, Maine, US |
| Education |  |
| Known for | Stanley Steamer, The Stanley Hotel, Rocky Mountain National Park |
| Board member of | * Hebron Academy, 1911-40 (president, 1915-40) * Maine State Sanatorium Association, 1913 |
| Spouse | Flora Jane Record Tileston |
| Relatives |  |


title: Oenochroma vetustaria

abstract: Oenochroma vetustaria, the ribbed wine moth, is a species of moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in South Eastern Australia.

text:
# Oenochroma vetustaria

***Oenochroma vetustaria***, the **ribbed wine moth**, is a species of moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in South Eastern Australia.

## InfoBox

| *Oenochroma vetustaria* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Oenochroma* |
| Species: | ***O. vetustaria*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oenochroma vetustaria***<br>(Walker, 1860) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Monoctenia digglesaria* Guenée, 1864 * *Balliace vetustaria* Walker, 1860 | |


title: Oh What a Feeling

abstract: Oh What a Feeling is a studio album by American R&B, soul and gospel singer Mavis Staples. It was released on July 16, 1979, by Warner Bros. Records.

text:
# Oh What a Feeling

***Oh What a Feeling*** is a studio album by American R&B, soul and gospel singer Mavis Staples. It was released on July 16, 1979, by Warner Bros. Records.

## Critical reception

A review published by *Billboard* in the July 28, 1979, issue said, "Well known vocalist from the Staple Singers steps out on her second solo effort with a mixture of uptempo, disco flavored songs and midtempo, soulful ballads. Staples voice is fluid, strong and gutsy, giving this LP much the same appeal which highlighted Cheryl Lynn's exhilarating debut last year. Also contributing to this album's success is the instrumentation which is provided by the Muscle Shoals Horns, guitarists Mark Knopfler, Pele Can and others. Best cuts "Let Love Come Between Us", "Oh What a Feeling", "Loving You", "Tonight I Feel Like Dancing", and "I've Been to the Well Before"." *The New York Times* stated that Staples "remains a fine, fervent, huskily sensitive singer, and most of this disk does her justice."

*Cashbox* published a review of the album in the issue dated July 28, 1979, which said, "Mavis gave the Staple Singers that distinct, gritty vocal sound, and on *Oh What a Feeling* she proves just how versatile she is. She soars through a mixed bag of styles on the LP - disco, gospel, straight ahead R&B and gospel - and performs them all in flawless fashion. A torchy ballad, "I Miss You", the disco hit, "Tonight I Feel Like Dancing", and the R&B flavored title cut are the LP's highpoints." The *Bay State Banner* opined that "it's a big comedown to realize veteran producers and idolized individuals like Jerry Wexler have so little idea of what makes successful singers tick, and have so little regard for them that they put them in embarrassing situations as this one."

## Track listing

Side one
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Tonight I Feel Like Dancing" |  | 6:08 |
| 2. | "Let Love Come Between Us" | * Joe Sobotka * John Wyker | 3:26 |
| 3. | "Loving You" |  | 4:08 |
| 4. | "I Don't Want to Lose My Real Good Thing" | Larry John McNally | 3:16 |
| 5. | "I've Been to the Well Before" | Paul Kelly | 3:57 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Oh What a Feeling" | * Jerry Weaver * Tom Jones III | 3:03 |
| 2. | "If I Can't Have You" | Paul Kelly | 4:50 |
| 3. | "You're Made That Way" |  | 3:57 |
| 4. | "I Miss You (Since You're Gone)" | Paul Kelly | 5:05 |
| 5. | "We Got Love" | Paul Kelly | 2:48 |

## Personnel

Adapted from the album liner notes.

* Harrison Calloway \- horn arrangements
* Cynthia Douglas - background vocals
* Donna Davis - background vocals
* Pamela Vincent - background vocals
* David Hood \- bass
* Jesse Boyce - bass
* Roger Hawkins \- drums
* Gregg Hamm - engineer
* Joe Barbaria - engineer
* Bill Fair - assistant engineer
* Bruce Bachhalter - assistant engineer
* David Yates - assistant engineer
* Bobby Hata - mastering
* Stuart J. Romaine - mastering
* Steve Melton \- remix engineer ("Tonight I Feel Like Dancing")
* Jimmy Johnson \- guitar
* Larry Byrom \- guitar
* Mark Knopfler \- guitar
* Mose Dillard - guitar
* Pete Carr \- guitar
* Muscle Shoals Horns - horns
* Barry Beckett \- producer, keyboards, synthesizers
* Chris Koelle - make-up
* Tom Roady - percussion
* Sherman Weisburd - photography
* Jerry Wexler - producer
* Paul Wexler - supervisor
* Jerry Simpson - remix supervisor ("Tonight I Feel Like Dancing")

## InfoBox

| Oh What a Feeling | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Mavis Staples | |
| Released | July 16, 1979 |
| Studio | Muscle Shoals Sound Studio
(Sheffield, Alabama)
The Hit Factory
(New York City, New York) |
| Genre |  |
| Label | Warner Bros. |
| Producer |  |
| Mavis Staples chronology | |
| *A Piece of the Action*
(1977) ***Oh What a Feeling***
(1979) *Time Waits for No One*
(1989) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Oh What a Feeling* | |
| 1. "Tonight I Feel Like Dancing"
Released: May 1979 2. "Oh What a Feeling"
Released: August 1979 | |
|  | |


title: Olaf Schmid

abstract: Staff Sergeant Olaf Sean George Schmid, GC was a British Army bomb disposal expert who was killed in action in the Afghanistan conflict. Schmid was posthumously awarded the George Cross after he made safe 70 devices before his death in October 2009. The citation was presented to Schmid's widow, Christina Schmid, by the Chief of the Defence Staff Sir Jock Stirrup on 18 March 2010 in a ceremony in the City of London. The announcement of the award of the GC to Staff Sergeant Kim Hughes was made at the same time.

text:
# Olaf Schmid

Staff Sergeant **Olaf Sean George Schmid**, GC (11 June 1979 – 31 October 2009) was a British Army bomb disposal expert (Ammunition Technician) who was killed in action in the Afghanistan conflict. Schmid was posthumously awarded the George Cross after he made safe 70 devices before his death in October 2009. The citation was presented to Schmid's widow, Christina Schmid, by the Chief of the Defence Staff Sir Jock Stirrup on 18 March 2010 in a ceremony in the City of London. The announcement of the award of the GC to Staff Sergeant Kim Hughes was made at the same time.

## Early life

Schmid was born on 11 June 1979 in Truro, Cornwall, to a German mother, Barbara, and a Swedish father, Hans-Jörg Schmid, he was brother to Torben and half brother to Gregory. He was educated at Penair School in Truro, and was a choir boy in Truro Cathedral Choir, ultimately becoming head chorister. Schmid lived in Winchester, Hampshire, with his wife Christina and his step-son Laird.

## Army career

Schmid joined the British Army in 1996, enlisting in the Royal Logistic Corps and shortly afterwards he applied to train as a bomb disposal specialist. He served in Northern Ireland, Yugoslavia and Kosovo before being sent to Afghanistan in June 2009. He arrived during Operation Panther's Claw in Helmand Province. On 31 October 2009 Schmid was defusing a device in Sangin, Helmand Province when the device exploded, killing Schmid instantly.

## Death and legacy

After Schmid's death was announced several people left tributes to his courage. Schmid's commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel Robert Thomson, commanding 2nd Rifles Battle Group, said: "Staff-Sergeant Oz Schmid was simply the bravest and most courageous man I have ever met. Under relentless IED and small arms attacks he stood taller than the tallest." A funeral and memorial service was held at Truro Cathedral on 24 November 2009. On 21 September 2010, his widow, Christina Schmid, was a contributor in a programme in BBC Radio 4's *Soul Music* series about Gabriel Fauré's *Requiem* with conductor David Willcocks. The *Requiem* was performed at the memorial service for Schmid.

### George Cross

On 18 March 2010, Sir Jock Stirrup, the Chief of the Defence Staff announced that Schmid would be posthumously awarded the George Cross, and presented a framed copy of the citation to Schmid's widow during a ceremony at the headquarters of the Honourable Artillery Company in the City of London. The award was gazetted on 19 March 2010. Schmid's widow, Christina, was presented with the medal in a private ceremony at Buckingham Palace on 2 June 2010. She attended the ceremony with her son Laird and her parents.

## InfoBox

| Olaf Schmid | |
| --- | --- |
| Nickname(s) | "Oz" |
| Born | (1979-06-11)11 June 1979
Truro, Cornwall, England |
| Died | 31 October 2009(2009-10-31) (aged 30)
Sangin, Helmand Province, Afghanistan |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Service/branch | British Army |
| Years of service | 1996–2009 |
| Rank | Staff Sergeant |
| Service number | 25045811 |
| Unit | 11 Explosive Ordnance Disposal Regiment RLC |
| Battles/wars | War in Afghanistan
Iraq War |
| Awards | George Cross |
| Relations | Christina Schmid (wife) |


title: Ogonnelloe (parish)

abstract: Ogonnelloe is a parish in County Clare, Ireland, and part of the Inis Cealtra grouping of parishes within the Roman Catholic Diocese of Killaloe. As of 2022, the co-parish priest is Dariusz Plasek. The present parish contains the mediaeval parish and a section of the mediaeval parish of Killaloe. This section was transferred in the early nineteenth century.

text:
# Ogonnelloe (parish)

**Ogonnelloe** is a parish in County Clare, Ireland, and part of the Inis Cealtra grouping of parishes within the Roman Catholic Diocese of Killaloe.

As of 2022, the co-parish priest is Dariusz Plasek.

The present parish contains the mediaeval parish and a section of the mediaeval parish of Killaloe. This section was transferred in the early nineteenth century.

## Churches

The main church is the St. Molua's Church in the townland Ballybran, Ogonnelloe. This church is built in 1839-1840.

The second church in the parish is the Church of St. Mary in het townland Ballylaghnane. This cruciform church was built in 1801 but later extended.

1. "Widespread Changes In Line Up of Clergy In Killaloe Diocese". *Clare.fm*. 9 June 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
2. Ogonnelloe
3. Ó Murchadha, Ciarán (2008). *The Diocese of Killaloe : An illustrated History*. Booklink. p. 191.
4. Ó Murchadha, Ciarán (2008). *The Diocese of Killaloe : An illustrated History*. Booklink. p. 192.
5. Ó Murchadha, Ciarán (2008). *The Diocese of Killaloe : An illustrated History*. Booklink. p. 191.

## InfoBox

| Ogonnelloe | |
| --- | --- |
| Roman Catholic parish | |
| OgonnelloeLocation in Ireland | |
| Coordinates: 52°53′0″N 8°27′30.8″W / 52.88333°N 8.458556°W / 52.88333; -8.458556 | |
| Country | Ireland |
| Province | Munster |
| County | County Clare |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (WET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-1 (IST (WEST)) |


title: Oh Seung-hoon (actor)

abstract: Oh Seung-hoon is a South Korean actor and model. He gained attention and acclaim for his role in the film Method (2017). He was also known for portraying a hired killer of the main antagonist from 2017 TV series Innocent Defendant.

text:
# Oh Seung-hoon (actor)

**Oh Seung-hoon** (born 11 February 1991) is a South Korean actor and model. He gained attention and acclaim for his role in the film *Method* (2017). He was also known for portraying a hired killer of the main antagonist from 2017 TV series *Innocent Defendant*.

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | English title | Original title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2017 | *Method* | 메소드 | Young-woo |  |
| 2018 | *Wretches* | 괴물들 | Sang-cheol |  |
| 2020 | *Justice High* | 공수도 | Jong-gu |  |
| 2023 | *Believer 2* | 독전2 | Young-rak | Netflix film |

### Television series

| Year | English title | Original title | Role |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2017 | *Innocent Defendant* | 피고인 | Kim-seok |
| | *Oh, the Mysterious* | 의문의 일승 | Gi Myeon-jung |
| 2019 | *Item* | 아이템 | Seo Yo-han |
| 2020 | *KBS Drama Special:*
"Modern Girl" | 드라마 스페셜 - 모단 걸 | Jong-seok |
| 2022 | *Through the Darkness* | 악의 마음을 읽는 자들 | Jo Kang-moo |
| | *Bloody Heart* | 붉은 단심 | Hye-gang |
| 2024 | *Uncle Samsik* | 삼식이 삼촌 | Ahn Gi-cheol |

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Nominated work | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2018 | 23rd Chunsa Film Art Awards | Best New Actor | *Method* | Won |
| | 5th Wildflower Film Awards | | | Won |
| | 27th Buil Film Awards | | | Nominated |
| | 55th Grand Bell Awards | | | Nominated |

## InfoBox

| Oh Seung-hoon | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1991-02-11) 11 February 1991
Seoul, South Korea |
| Education | Kyung Hee University |
| Occupation(s) | Actor
Model |
| Years active | 2013–present |
| Agent | Just Entertainment |
|  | |
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | 오승훈 |
| Revised Romanization | *O Seunghun* |
| McCune–Reischauer | *O Sŭnghun* |
|  | |


title: Old Cases

abstract: "Old Cases" is the fourth episode of the first season of the HBO original series The Wire. The episode was written by David Simon from a story by David Simon and Ed Burns and was directed by Clement Virgo. It originally aired on June 23, 2002.

text:
# Old Cases

"**Old Cases**" is the fourth episode of the first season of the HBO original series *The Wire*. The episode was written by David Simon from a story by David Simon and Ed Burns and was directed by Clement Virgo. It originally aired on June 23, 2002.

## Plot summary

### The Police

McNulty and Greggs attend a court hearing for Marvin Browning, a Barksdale dealer arrested for a hand-to-hand deal. Hoping he will give them information, they push Assistant State's Attorney Dawkins to pursue a maximum sentence, even though Browning had only been caught selling small amounts of heroin and cocaine. He nonetheless refuses their offer of a deal. Polk visits Mahon in the hospital, where he learns that Mahon will be getting an early retirement and an increase in his pension due to his injury. Meanwhile, Herc and Carver drive to a juvenile detention center in Prince George's County, only to find that Bodie has escaped from the low-security facility. They raid Bodie's home but find only his grandmother. Embarrassed by the rude intrusion, Herc apologizes and leaves his card.

Bunk and McNulty review old homicide cases and try to match them to the Barksdale Organization. Landsman insists they review the case of Deirdre Kresson, a college girl murdered far from the west side, with a "Dee" listed as a possible suspect. McNulty reluctantly agrees to investigate the seemingly unrelated murder since the homicide unit is currently understaffed. At the crime scene, the two communicate using only variations of the word "fuck" as they recreate the murder and find a shell casing and bullet that previous detectives missed. Landsman visits Rawls and, while noting McNulty's character flaws, asserts that those very qualities make him a good detective. Relenting, Rawls offers a deal: if McNulty wraps up the detail in two weeks, he can return to normal duty.

Greggs and Bubbles discuss the recent hit on the Barksdale stash by Omar. McNulty is forced to drive Bubbles to his son's soccer game. During the trip, he discusses sharing parental custody with his estranged wife Elena, but the conversation devolves into profanity. At home, Greggs notices Cheryl's cell phone bill and realizes that the Barksdale dealers use pagers to avoid any documentation of incoming and outgoing calls. Phelan is disappointed when Burrell tells him they have nothing on the Barksdales and phones McNulty. Daniels meets with Burrell and tells him that he can take the Barksdale case wherever the deputy commissioner wants, raising the possibility of McNulty's suggested wire to make the case.

Greggs suggests pager cloning to monitor Barksdale communications, but Daniels points out that they need to have a number to bug. Freamon surprises everybody by revealing that the number he found in the stash house belongs to D'Angelo. While sharing a drink with McNulty, Freamon explains that he was transferred to the pawn shop unit after pursuing a politically connected suspect against his major's orders. Freamon warns that McNulty is likely on a similar path. That night, McNulty shows up at Greggs' apartment drunk. She confirms that their visual surveillance was unable to follow targets into the towers as planned. Back with Cheryl, Greggs explains that McNulty is lonely, and they begin to make love.

### The Street

Omar, Brandon and Bailey enjoy the proceeds from the Barksdale robbery. Brandon apologizes for using Omar's name during the raid, but Omar points out that he was already well known anyway. He is worried that the Barksdales could attack Brandon, now revealed to be Omar's lover. An addict approaches Omar with her infant son and respectfully asks for a free fix, which he gives her.

Meanwhile, Avon discusses the loss of the stash with his enforcers Anton "Stinkum" Artis and Wee-Bey and puts a contract out on Omar's crew. Avon doubles the bounty when informed by Stinkum that Omar is gay. Stringer tells Avon he is worried about the Pit operation since the robbery coincided with the police raid. He reassures Avon that his nephew D'Angelo is doing well, but is worried there may be a leak from someone else in D'Angelo's crew. Bodie arrives back at the Pit, where Poot and Wallace are surprised that he has returned so soon after his arrest. D'Angelo bristles when Bodie says he would still be there had it been him, telling them that he murdered Kresson, Avon's scorned girlfriend, after she had threatened revenge by testifying to the police. Bodie, who has never killed anybody, is humbled. The dealers destroy some new security cameras around the towers.

## Production

### Title reference

The title refers to both the old homicide cases being investigated by Bunk and McNulty and to the old bullet cases found at the Deirdre Kresson crime scene.

### Epigraph

> Thin line 'tween heaven and here.
>
> Bubbles

The line is said as Bubbles is being returned to the ghetto by McNulty after the two have spent an afternoon in suburbia, which Bubbles refers to as "*Leave It to Beaver* land." Bubbles is referring to the fact that despite the short drive, there is a night and day difference between Baltimore county (heaven) and Baltimore City (here).

### Music

When Freamon and McNulty start talking in the bar, Miles Davis' "All Blues", from the album *Kind of Blue* plays diegetically in the background. When the head has finished and Davis begins his trumpet solo, Freamon opens up and tells McNulty what happened to his career.

### Credits

#### Starring cast

Although credited, Deirdre Lovejoy does not appear in this episode.

#### Guest stars

### First appearances

This episode marks the first appearance of Jimmy McNulty's estranged family. Callie Thorne plays Elena McNulty, Jimmy's estranged wife and the mother of his two sons. Callie Thorne also appeared on *Homicide: Life on the Street* alongside several other *Wire* cast members. Antonio Cordova plays Michael McNulty, Jimmy's soccer-playing younger son. His older son, Sean, remains unseen in this episode.

## Reception

This episode was noted for the "Fuck scene" in which Bunk and McNulty evaluate a crime scene while repeatedly saying only variations of the word "fuck". TimeOut listed it as one of the Top 5 scenes from the series.

## InfoBox

| "**Old Cases**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *The Wire* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 1
Episode 4 |
| Directed by | Clement Virgo |
| Story by | David Simon
Ed Burns |
| Teleplay by | David Simon |
| Original air date | June 23, 2002 (2002-06-23) |
| Running time | 60 minutes |
|
|


title: Oh! (TV channel)

abstract: Oh! was an Australian cable TV channel owned by Optus Television. It served as the services's premier general entertainment channel until it was replaced by FOX8 in 2002. Programming was mostly sourced from Warner Brothers Television. After the channel's closure, the content was given to Foxtel and XYZnetworks channels, with most of the Warner Brothers shows moving to Arena.

text:
# Oh! (TV channel)

**Oh!** was an Australian cable TV channel owned by Optus Television. It served as the services's premier general entertainment channel until it was replaced by FOX8 in 2002. Programming was mostly sourced from Warner Brothers Television. After the channel's closure, the content was given to Foxtel and XYZnetworks channels, with most of the Warner Brothers shows moving to Arena.

## Programming

## InfoBox

Oh!
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Australia |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | English |
| Picture format | 4:3 576i (SDTV) |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Optus Television |
| History | |
| Launched | 1 October 1999 |
| Closed | 30 November 2002 |
| Replaced by | FOX8 |


title: Ogʻoch Sardoba

abstract: The Ogʻoch Sardoba is a historical monument located in Gumbaz village of Sardoba district, Sirdaryo region of Uzbekistan, near the M39 highway that connects the cities of Tashkent, Samarkand and Bukhara. It is a type of ancient water reservoir that was built in Central Asia to store water for travelers and caravans. It is one of the three sardobas that existed in Mirzachul and the only one of its kind in the region. Ogʻoch Sardoba was also known as Khudoysera in the Middle Ages. Sardoba was built in the 16th century during the reign of Uzbek ruler Abdulla Khan (1557—1598), but there is a legend that it was built during the time of Amir Timur (1370—1405). The historical monument is included in the national register of immovable cultural heritage of Uzbekistan and is under state protection. It is also one of the four ecotourism objects in Sirdaryo region. The water level in the reservoir has become unsuitable for consumption due to the rise of saline water around the sardoba.

text:
# Ogʻoch Sardoba

| External videos | |
| --- | --- |
| A short video clip of Ogoch Sardoba and a poem written for it | |
| Sardoba - an ancient water storage. Historical monuments of Uzbekistan | |

The **Ogʻoch Sardoba** (Uzbek: Ogʻoch Sardoba, pronounced \[oʁotʃ sɑrdobɑ\]; other names: Yogʻochli Sardoba, Khudoysera Sardoba) is a historical monument located in Gumbaz village of Sardoba district, Sirdaryo region of Uzbekistan, near the M39 highway that connects the cities of Tashkent, Samarkand and Bukhara. It is a type of ancient water reservoir that was built in Central Asia to store water for travelers and caravans. It is one of the three sardobas that existed in Mirzachul and the only one of its kind in the region.

Ogʻoch Sardoba was also known as Khudoysera in the Middle Ages.

Sardoba was built in the 16th century during the reign of Uzbek ruler Abdulla Khan (1557—1598), but there is a legend that it was built during the time of Amir Timur (1370—1405).

The historical monument is included in the national register of immovable cultural heritage of Uzbekistan and is under state protection. It is also one of the four ecotourism objects in Sirdaryo region.

The water level in the reservoir has become unsuitable for consumption due to the rise of saline water around the sardoba.

## Names

The word “sardoba” comes from Persian and means “cold water”. Og'och Sardoba was also known as Khudoysera in the Middle Ages. In the national register of immovable cultural heritage of Uzbekistan, it is referred to as Ogʻoch.

## Location

There are 44 sardobas in and around Uzbekistan, of which 29 are in the Karshi steppe, 3 in Mirzachul, 3 in the ancient trade route between Tashkent and Fergana, and one in Malikchul near Karmana.

There were several caravan routes passing through Mirzachul in history. Og'och Sardoba is located near one of these routes, 30 km south of Mirzasardoba, 35 km north of Jizzakh. Currently, this place belongs to the territory of Gumbaz village of Sardoba district, Sirdaryo region of Uzbekistan.

According to researchers, the construction of the sardobas in Mirzachul is related to the building activities of Amir Timur and Abdulla Khan.

## History

The first information about Ogʻoch Sardoba is found in the work “Abdullanoma” by Hafiz Tanish al-Bukhari. According to him, Uzbek Khan Abdulla Khan (1557—1598) “stopped in this area to dig a canal during his military campaign to Tashkent, and ordered to build a caravanserai and a sardoba for his soldiers who suffered from thirst”.

Ogʻoch Sardoba was built in the second half of the 16th century (in 1580 or 1585—1590). It is estimated that its bricks were baked in Samarkand or in the territory of the present-day Gallaorol district, and brought here.

The water around the sardoba was supplied by man-made canals. Special flat pipes were installed for the water to enter the sardoba, and they were connected by circular pipes.

There were two inner reservoirs. These reservoirs had wells and were constantly filled with cold water. Later, one of the reservoirs was closed and now there is only one reservoir left. The sardoba reservoir was drained and an open pool was built in front of it to prevent the monument from being damaged by water. The snow and rain water that flowed from the surroundings first collected in the pool, then the clean water flowed into the sardoba. The pool was fenced with clay walls to prevent livestock from entering and polluting it.

According to the historians of the 20th century, there were gardens and vineyards near the caravanserai along with the sardoba. According to the historians of the 19th century, there was a special room for the caretakers and guards on top of the unique passage at the entrance of the sardoba. It was accessed by a wooden staircase outside the monument.

During the Soviet period, a well was dug inside the sardoba by the “Europeans”. The walls of this well were covered with wood.

After Uzbekistan gained independence, Ogʻoch Sardoba underwent several restoration works. In 2001, the surroundings of the historical monument were completely fenced, wooden windows were installed in the front part and a door was installed at the entrance and the paths were paved with flat stones around the historical monument.

A metal door was built on the porch of the historical monument and the interior was completely renovated and special lights were installed and trees and flowers were planted around the sardoba. However, later its reconstruction was stopped.

In 2019, the sardoba became ruined and fell into a miserable state. The surroundings of the monument were covered with iron bars, and its door was tied with a cloth. The area around it was full of garbage, and the construction of two buildings nearby was not completed (2019). There was almost no condition for tourists in the area where Ogʻoch Sardoba was located. Sardoba was included in the national register of immovable cultural heritage of Uzbekistan approved in 2019 and was taken under state protection.

According to the content of the resolution adopted by the People’s Deputies Council of Sardoba district in 2021, several officials of the district were assigned the tasks of developing and approving specific measures to include the historical monument in the tourist route and ensuring its implementation for the next session. That is, they had to make organizational and practical proposals at the next session.

As a result of the rise of saline water around the Ogʻoch Sardoba historical monument, the water in the reservoir has become unsuitable for consumption. It is now one of the four ecotourism objects in Sirdaryo region.

## Architecture

The sides of the Ogʻoch Sardoba historical monument are 75 meters square and its total area is 5625 square meters. Two sides and the back part are fenced with 3-meter-high concrete walls, and the front part is fenced with wooden decorated walls.

The Ogʻoch Sardoba historical monument is located in the center of the fenced area. The historical monument is built in a circular shape with a diameter of 27 meters, a height of 8 meters and a porch with a length of 5 meters and a height of 3 meters in the front part.

The entrance to the sardoba is located in the north of the monument. The width of the entrance door is 3 meters, and the height is 2.8 meters. The entrance is arched, and from there wooden stairs lead to the inside of the sardoba.

There was a reservoir in the center of the inner part of the Ogʻoch Sardoba historical monument. Its depth was 10—15 meters, and its diameter was 12—16 meters. In its place, a well dug in the 20th century has been preserved. The walls of this well were covered with wood.

The bricks of the monument are square in shape, with a thickness of 5—5.5 centimeters, and a surface of 25, 26 and 27 square centimeters of baked bricks. The thickness of the wall is 1.5 meters at the bottom, and it narrows upwards and becomes one brick thick at the top. The inner diameter of the dome of the monument is 15 meters, and the height is 12 meters. There are several arched ventilation windows or holes on three sides of the dome, 2 meters above the ground, and one spire on top. The spire and windows that refreshed the air kept the air inside the monument clean and cool.

According to a legend, Ogʻoch Sardoba was built by the order of Amir Timur, and the necessary construction materials (bricks and others) were brought from Samarkand by the people who lived nearby, and the sardoba reservoir was filled by the order of Amir Timur, with the help of the Oʻrinboyariq canal that took water from the Syr Darya.

Ogʻoch sardoba area (wide image)

## Sources

* Muhammedov, A.; Begmatov, I. (2014). *Suv xoʻjaligi va melioratsiyaga kirish* \[*Access to water management and land reclamation*\] (in Uzbek).
* Qudratov, S. (2001). *Sardobalar oʻlkasi (Sirdaryo qadimda va oʻrta asrlarda)* \[*Land of cisterns (Syr Darya in ancient and medieval times)*\] (in Uzbek). Tashkent: Fan.
* Shoisoyev, I. K. (2019). "Mirzachoʻl Buyuk ipak yoʻli chorrahasida" \[Mirzachol at the crossroads of the Great Silk Road\]. *Arxitektura. Qurilish. Dizayn. (Architecture. Construction. Design.)* (in Uzbek) (3). Tashkent: Toshkent arxitektura-qurilish instituti. Archived from the original on 2023-01-01.
* Shoisoyev, I. K.; Arziyev, D. A. (2019). "Oʻzbekistonda turizm sohasini yanada rivojlantirish masalalari (Sirdaryo viloyati misolida)" \[Issues of further development of the tourism sector in Uzbekistan (in the example of Syrdarya region)\]. *Arxitektura. Qurilish. Dizayn.* (in Uzbek) (3). Tashkent: Toshkent arxitektura-qurilish instituti. Archived from the original on 2023-01-01.
* Tobirov, O. (2021). *Turizm va uni Sirdaryo viloyatida rivojlanishining geografik jihatari* \[*Tourism and the geographical aspect of its development in the Syrdarya region*\] (in Uzbek).

## InfoBox

| Ogʻoch Sardoba | |
| --- | --- |
| Front view of Ogʻoch Sardoba | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Architectural style | Medieval Uzbek |
| Address | Gumbaz village, Sardoba district, Sirdaryo region, Uzbekistan |
| Coordinates | 40°19′28″N 68°06′38″E / 40.324454°N 68.110663°E / 40.324454; 68.110663 |
| Year(s) built | 16th century |
| Renovated | 2001 |
| Owner | State of Uzbekistan |
| Height | 8 meters |
| Technical details | |
| Material | Baked bricks and wood |
| Size | 27 meters in diameter |
| Floor count | 1 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Unknown |


title: Old Mill at Tinton Falls

abstract: Old Mill at Tinton Falls is located in Tinton Falls, Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. The mill was built in 1676 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 24, 1973. As of 2023, the building is open as a restaurant with views of the adjacent Tinton Falls.

text:
# Old Mill at Tinton Falls

**Old Mill at Tinton Falls** is located in Tinton Falls, Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. The mill was built in 1676 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 24, 1973. As of 2023, the building is open as a restaurant with views of the adjacent Tinton Falls.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Old Mill at Tinton Falls | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| New Jersey Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 1205 Sycamore Avenue, Tinton Falls, New Jersey |
| Coordinates | 40°18′16″N 74°6′3″W / 40.30444°N 74.10083°W / 40.30444; -74.10083 |
| Area | 5 acres (2.0 ha) |
| Built | 1676 |
| NRHP reference No. | 73001119 |
| NJRHP No. | 2061 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | April 24, 1973 |
| Designated NJRHP | August 2, 1972 |


title: Ohio Machine

abstract: The Ohio Machine was a Major League Lacrosse (MLL) professional men's field lacrosse team based in Obetz, Ohio. They first played in the 2012 MLL season and continued through the 2018 season. On August 19, 2017, the Machine won their first championship in franchise history by defeating the Denver Outlaws, 17–12. The Machine made the playoffs four times, appeared in the league championship game twice, and won one title (2017).

text:
# Ohio Machine

The **Ohio Machine** was a Major League Lacrosse (MLL) professional men's field lacrosse team based in Obetz, Ohio. They first played in the 2012 MLL season and continued through the 2018 season.

On August 19, 2017, the Machine won their first championship in franchise history by defeating the Denver Outlaws, 17–12. The Machine made the playoffs four times (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017), appeared in the league championship game twice (2016, 2017), and won one title (2017).

## Franchise history

### 2012-2013: Early struggles

In January 2011, MLL voted to grant expansion franchises to Columbus and Charlotte, North Carolina for the 2012 MLL season. Both teams were owned by New Balance founder and MLL investor Jim Davis. The league announced on April 12, 2011, the team name would be the Ohio Machine, borrowing the moniker and colors of the team previously located in Chicago. On May 19, 2012, the Ohio Machine got their first win in their franchise history in a home game against the Rochester Rattlers.

On June 24, 2013, two days after a 19–5 loss to the Denver Outlaws, Ted Garber was fired as head coach and replaced by Bear Davis. Garber had led the expansion franchise to a 3–19 record through its first 22 games including a 1–7 start in 2013.

### 2014-2017: Rise to contention and first championship

After putting up only four victories combined in their first two seasons and getting off to a 3–6 start in 2014, the Machine rattled off five straight victories to end the regular season and clinched their first playoff berth. Their streak included wins over the top-seeded Rochester Rattlers and the eventual champion Denver Outlaws. On the road in their first playoff game, the Machine took an early 4–0 lead over Rochester, however the Machine would run out of magic, as the Rattlers came back to end Ohio's Cinderella run, 15–11.

In 2015, the Machine improved upon their previous record with a 9–5 campaign, earning them the second seed. However, they would lose to the Rattlers again in the playoffs, falling 12–8.

Ohio got off to their best eight-game start in 2016 at 6–2. The Machine would stumble and go 1–3 over their next four games but clinch their third straight playoff berth with a dominant 22–13 win over the defending champion New York Lizards. In that game, John Grant Jr. scored ten goals, a single-game MLL record. The Machine had also defeated the Lizards 22–10 earlier in the season at home. The 2016 MLL season saw seven teams finish at 8–6, but due to tiebreaker procedures, the Machine were rewarded with the #1 seed in the postseason.

The Machine defeated the Charlotte Hounds 16–10 on August 13 for the franchise's first playoff victory ever. The next week, they faced Grant Jr.'s former team in the Denver Outlaws, who including the semifinals entered the game on a seven-game winning streak. The Machine took a 9–3 lead before a 97-minute weather delay and a 14–7 lead into halftime but could not hold on, losing 19–18 on a goal by Eric Law with 12.9 seconds left. It was Grant Jr.'s first loss in a Steinfeld Cup game in six trips.

The Machine finished the 2017 season with a 9–5 record and the second seed in the postseason. It was the fourth consecutive playoff berth for the Machine. With the New York Lizards not making the field, that became the longest active streak in the league. On August 12, the Machine hosted the Launch in Florida's first ever postseason game. The Machine prevailed 18–13, advancing to the championship game for the second year in a row. Again, they would face the Outlaws.

On August 18, the league would host its first ever MLL Honors show. Goalie Kyle Bernlohr would win Most Improved Player, and Tom Schreiber would be named the league's Most Valuable Player for the second straight season. The next day, the Machine would compete for a title in Frisco, Texas, at The Ford Center at The Star. With three minutes left in the third quarter, the Machine trailed 10–6. However, Ohio was able to get some offense going and scored three straight to bring it within one heading into the fourth. After Matt Kavanagh scored a goal to make it 12-10 Denver with 10:30 remaining in the game, the Machine would finish the game on a seven-goal run, courtesy of Jake Bernhardt, Greg Puskuldjian, three straight from Marcus Holman, Connor Cannizzaro, and another Bernhardt score. After coming up short in 2014, 2015, and 2016, the Machine would finally break through to win the franchise's first Steinfeld Cup. They would be the first team since Denver in 2014 to win the team's first championship. Marcus Holman, who had four goals and two assists, was named the Most Valuable Player of the game.

### 2018

In 2018, the team would finish 3-11 during the regular season for last place of the 9 teams.

Before the 2019 season, the league was faced with competition from the Premier Lacrosse League as well as a desire to achieve a "one owner, one vote" structure. Therefore, Major League Lacrosse contracted from 9 teams to 6. Jim Davis was forced to choose to keep only one of the four teams he owned: the Machine, the Charlotte Hounds, the Florida Launch, or the Dallas Rattlers. Davis chose the Rattlers and folded the other three teams.

## Stadium

Fortress Obetz is the third home of the Ohio Machine. On November 16, 2016, the village of Obetz, a community just south of Columbus, announced they would be constructing a 6,500-seat multipurpose stadium, Fortress Obetz, at the site of the closed Columbus Motor Speedway. It would be ready in time for the Machine's first home game of the 2017 season on May 6. The stadium opened on May 6, 2017, for the home opener of the Machine against the Rochester Rattlers, who beat the home team 12–11 in overtime. It would take three tries for the Machine to finally get a victory on their new home field. The Machine defeated the Florida Launch 19–7 on May 27.

The Machine began play in 2012 on Selby Field at Ohio Wesleyan University and moved to Panther Stadium at Ohio Dominican University for the 2016 season. Panther Stadium is less than half of the size of Selby Field.

## Season-by-season

| **Ohio Machine** | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| Year | W | L | % | Regular season finish | Playoffs |
| 2012 | 2 | 12 | .143 | 8th in league | --- |
| 2013 | 2 | 12 | .143 | 8th in league | --- |
| 2014 | 8 | 6 | .571 | 4th in league | Lost semifinal vs. Rochester Rattlers 15–11 |
| 2015 | 9 | 5 | .643 | 2nd in league | Lost semifinal vs. Rochester Rattlers 12–8 |
| 2016 | 8 | 6 | .571 | 1st in league | Won semifinal vs. Charlotte Hounds 16-10
Lost championship vs. Denver Outlaws 19–18 |
| 2017 | 9 | 5 | .643 | **2nd in league** | **Won semifinal vs. Florida Launch 18-13
Won Championship vs. Denver Outlaws 17-12** |
| 2018 | 3 | 11 | .214 | 9th in league | --- |
| **Totals** | **41** | **57** | **.418** |  | **Total Playoff Record 3–3**
**Playoff Win % = .500** |

## Roster

| **2018 Ohio Machine** | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Number | Player's Name | Nationality | Position | Height | Weight | College |
| 0 | Davey Emala |  | A | 5 ft 11 in | 195 lb | North Carolina |
| 1 | Marcus Holman |  | A | 5 ft 11 in | 185 lb | North Carolina |
| 4 | Ryan Ambler |  | A | 6 ft 1 in | 190 lb | Princeton |
| 5 | Carlson Milikin |  | SSDM | 6 ft 0 in | 195 lb | Notre Dame |
| 12 | Steven Waldeck |  | D | 6 ft 0 in | 210 lb | Stony Brook |
| 14 | Justin Guterding |  | A | 6 ft 0 in | 185 lb | Duke |
| 15 | Peter Baum |  | M | 6 ft 1 in | 197 lb | Colgate |
| 16 | Ryan Keenan |  | A | 5 ft 9 in | 190 lb | Penn State |
| 17 | Jackson Place |  | D | 5 ft 11 in | 185 lb | Bucknell |
| 18 | Kyle Harrison |  | M | 6 ft 0 in | 194 lb | Johns Hopkins |
| 23 | Dominique Alexander |  | M | 6 ft 2 in | 215 lb | Ohio State |
| 25 | Brian Karalunas |  | D | 6 ft 0 in | 185 lb | Villanova |
| 26 | Tom Schreiber |  | M | 6 ft 0 in | 190 lb | Princeton |
| 31 | Kenny Massa |  | FO | 6 ft 0 in | 195 lb | Bryant |
| 33 | Tyler Pfister |  | M | 6 ft 2 in | 185 lb | Ohio State |
| 35 | Kyle Bernlohr |  | G | 5 ft 10 in | 160 lb | Maryland |
| 40 | Pat Harbeson |  | M | 5 ft 7 in | 170 lb | Virginia |
| 41 | Bryce Young |  | D | 6 ft 2 in | 205 lb | Maryland |
| 42 | Scott Rodgers |  | G | 6 ft 4 in | 250 lb | Notre Dame |
| 51 | Dominick Calisto |  | D | 6 ft 0 in | 190 lb | Boston University |
| 58 | Brandon Mangan |  | A | 6 ft 2 in | 185 lb | Yale |
| 79 | Mark Matthews |  | A | 6 ft 5 in | 235 lb | Denver |
| 77 | Ben Randall |  | D | 6 ft 3 in | 192 lb | Ohio State |
| 81 | Zach Bryant |  | D | 6 ft 3 in | 195 lb | Robert Morris |
| 83 | Frank Brown |  | A/M | 6 ft 3 in | 215 lb | Hobart |
| 92 | Greg Puskuldjian |  | M | 5 ft 11 in | 205 lb | Adelphi |
| 99 | Evan Connell |  | M | 5 ft 11 in | 190 lb | North Carolina |

* updated 2018-07-16

## MLL award winners

**Most Valuable Player**

**Most Improved Player**

## Head coaching history

| # | Name | Term | Regular Season | | | | Playoffs | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | GC | W | L | W% | GC | W | L | W% |
| 1 | Ted Garber | 2012-2013 | 22 | 3 | 19 | .136 |  |  |  |  |
| 2 | Bear Davis | 20132018 | 76 | 38 | 38 | .500 | 6 | 3 | 3 | .500 |

## MLL Collegiate Draft history

### First round selections

## InfoBox

Ohio Machine
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 2012 |
| Last season | 2018 |
| League | MLL |
| Based in | Obetz, Ohio |
| Stadium | Fortress Obetz |
| Colors | Carolina Blue, Red, White
 |
| President | Ryan Chenault |
| Head coach | Bear Davis |
| Championships | **1** (2017) |


title: Old Newton Burial Ground

abstract: The Old Newton Burial Ground is a historic cemetery located in Newton, Sussex County, New Jersey. The cemetery was the primary burial ground in the town for a century after its establishment in 1762. As the burial ground would reach capacity, the state legislature incorporated the Newton Cemetery Company which began operating a new cemetery in 1867. After this time, interments would continue at the old burial ground intermittently until 1943. The burial ground contains the graves of members of local families from Newton and the surrounding areas, and includes several local and state political figures, prominent citizens, and veterans. While nineteenth-century sources attest 5,000 burials within the cemetery, a recent transcription lists only 1,287 individual known graves. Old Newton Burial Ground is not in operation. The 1.66-acre property is owned by the Newton Cemetery Company. It is maintained in cooperation with the Sussex County Historical Society and Sussex County Sheriff's Office. The Old Newton Burial Ground was included as a contributing property within the Newton Town Plot Historic District, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

text:
# Old Newton Burial Ground

The **Old Newton Burial Ground** is a historic cemetery located in Newton, Sussex County, New Jersey. The cemetery was the primary burial ground in the town for a century after its establishment in 1762. As the burial ground would reach capacity, the state legislature incorporated the Newton Cemetery Company which began operating a new cemetery in 1867. After this time, interments would continue at the old burial ground intermittently until 1943. The burial ground contains the graves of members of local families from Newton and the surrounding areas, and includes several local and state political figures, prominent citizens, and veterans. While nineteenth-century sources attest 5,000 burials within the cemetery, a recent transcription lists only 1,287 individual known graves.

Old Newton Burial Ground is not in operation. The 1.66-acre (0.67 ha) property is owned by the Newton Cemetery Company. It is maintained in cooperation with the Sussex County Historical Society and Sussex County Sheriff's Office. The Old Newton Burial Ground was included as a contributing property within the Newton Town Plot Historic District, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

## History

The Old Newton Burial Ground was established as a part of Jonathan Hampton's Town Plot (1762) which formed the historic core of the Town of Newton including properties around the county's courthouse (built 1762–65) and town green. The burial ground was expanded twice. In 1820, Daniel Stuart (died 1822) deeded a 0.4-acre (0.16 ha) parcel along the graveyard's northeast. In 1837, Job and Ann Halstead conveyed a parcel of 0.59 acres (0.24 ha) to the town's Presbyterian church "for a place of interment of the dead free for all persons desirous of Burying upon the said lot of land". In that year, the entire graveyard was enclosed by a stone wall (previously it was bound by "wooden coping"). Approximately 100 feet (30 m) of this wall was removed in 1966 and replaced with chain-link fence. The cemetery's entrance is through a gate on the Main Street featuring double-leaf cast-iron entry gates. The gates were decorated with "medallions, bearing a bas-relief of Father Time with scythe and hourglass" of which one of the two survive.

The burial ground contains the graves of the members of several families who were involved in the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century settlement and growth of Newton and the surrounding areas. Among them are individuals who were local and state political figures, as well as local business leaders and prominent citizens. The burial ground contains the graves of veterans of the French and Indian War, American Revolution, Barbary War, War of 1812, American Civil War, and other conflicts. The number of persons buried in the Old Newton Burial Ground is unknown. Records were not complete. The *Sussex Register*, a local newspaper, estimated that it was "no less than 5,000" by 1876. According to historian Kevin Wright, "George Watson Roy inventoried the tombstones in the old cemetery. He claimed that there were 3,023 graves visible with 2,667 tombstones. Between October 1890 and January 1911, however, he actually recorded inscriptions from 857 grave markers representing the burials of 933 individuals." The Sussex County Historical Society's transcription of burials lists 1,287 individual known graves.

On 24 September 1992, the Old Newton Burial Ground was included on the New Jersey Register of Historic Places as part of the Newton Town Plot Historic District which was approved and entered on the National Register of Historic Places on 12 November 1992. The historic district includes 56 contributing structures and properties over 17.20 acres located on Jonathan Hampton's surveyed town plot.

The property is overseen by the Newton Cemetery Company and maintained in cooperation with the Sussex County Historical Society and Sussex County Sheriff's Office—a partnership that was organized through the efforts of historian Robert R. Longcore (1931-2013). The burial ground is adjacent to the Negro Burial Ground, a 0.224 acres (0.091 ha) property bequeathed by Thomas Ryerson.

## Notable burials

Notable burials amongst those interred at the Old Newton Burial Ground include:

* Colonel Thomas Anderson (1742–1805), lawyer, judge, who served in the American Revolution as quartermaster for the Continental Army and later as Sussex County Surrogate.
* Thomas Oakley Anderson (1783–1844), United States naval officer involved in the burning of the USS *Philadelphia* at Tripoli (1804), Barbary Wars (1803–05), son of Col. Thomas Anderson.
* William T. Anderson (1777–1850), attorney, New Jersey state senator (Legislative Council), 1821.
* The Rev. Walter Chamberlin (1822–1909), Methodist clergyman, served churches in Pennsylvania, New York and New Jersey, including nearby churches at Stillwater, Blairstown, and Stanhope.
* The Rev. James Cooke Edwards (1807–1880), Presbyterian minister in New York City, Smithtown, New York, and Morristown, New Jersey.
* Colonel Grant Fitch (1782–1848), founder, publisher of *The New Jersey Herald* (1829)
* David Ryerson (1782–1848), New Jersey state senator (Legislative Council), 1829–31, 1835.
* Henry Ogden Ryerson (1826–1864), Colonel in the American Civil War, prisoner of war in Richmond and Libby Prison, killed at Battle of Spotsylvania, son of Thomas C. Ryerson.
* Thomas Coxe Ryerson (1788–1838), attorney, New Jersey Supreme Court justice (1834–38), New Jersey state senator (Legislative Council), 1825–26, 1828.
* The Rev. Dr. Joseph Linn Shafer (1787–1853), pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Newton, 1812–35 and 1838–53.
* The Rev. Garrett Van Horn (1816–1882), minister at Newton Methodist Church, and later at Middletown, Orange County, New York.

### Notes

### Citations

1. James P. Snell (compiler), *History of Sussex and Warren Counties, New Jersey with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of its Prominent Men and Pioneers* (Philadelphia: Everts & Peck, 1881), 276.
2. United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service. National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Newton Town Plot Historic District (filed 1 October 1992, approved 12 November 1992), 18ff. NRIS Reference Number 92001521. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
3. Town of Newton (New Jersey), Office of the Tax Assessor, "Tax Records for Block 8.08, Lot 44". Confirmed through Assessment Records Search and Harold E. Pellow & Associates, Inc., Newton Tax Map (Revised February 2012), Sheet 8. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
4. John Parr Snyder, *The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968. Bulletin 67*. (Trenton, New Jersey: Bureau of Geology and Topography, 1969), 231.
5. Linda Cammaroto and Russell Cammaroto, "Old Newton Burial Ground Veterans" (Unpublished document, July 2001), transcribed by compilers from "Sussex County Library; Notes of the Newton Old Cemetery by George W. Roy (in the collections of Sussex County Historical Society, Newton, NJ) transcribed online at USGenWeb. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
6. *The Sussex Register*, 13 July 1876.
7. Sussex County Historical Society, Transcriptions: Old Newton Burial Ground likely derived from the transcriptions (1890–1905) in the papers of George Watson Roy. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
8. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Historic Preservation Office. New Jersey Register of Historic Places-Sussex County Archived 2015-01-22 at the Wayback Machine. SHPO ID#2615. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
9. Harold E. Pellow & Associates, Inc. Town of Newton Master Plan August 2008 (professional paper/public document), 66, 69. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
10. Staff. Obituary for Robert R. Longcore, *The New Jersey Herald*, 17 March 2013; Jennie Sweetman, "Longcore's passing is historical community's loss", *The New Jersey Herald*, 20 April 2013, page B1. Quote: "Appalled by the condition of these abandoned burial grounds, Longcore sought for a plan in which they could be cleared of debris, brush and vegetation. He envisioned having all of these ancient burial grounds cleared with a sign placed in them designating the name of the cemetery and conveying the impression that someone cared about it and those laid to rest. Eventually a plan was presented to the sheriff and jail warden to have the cemeteries cleared by prisoners. Prior to any work performed in the cemeteries, however, ownership of them needed to be established. With that requirement, Longcore spent countless hours in the hall of records in an attempt to discover who owned the cemeteries and to contact the next of kin if possible to secure their permission to have the prisoners clean out the cemeteries. Under this plan, about 30 cemeteries were cleared by the SWAP (Sheriff's Work Assistance Program) with daffodils planted in many of them."
11. Note: The Negro Burial Ground is also overseen by the Newton Cemetery Company. See: Town of Newton (New Jersey), Office of the Tax Assessor, "Tax Records for Block 8.08, Lot 45". Confirmed through Assessment Records Search and Harold E. Pellow & Associates, Inc., Newton Tax Map (Revised February 2012), Sheet 8. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
12. C.S. Ryman "Memoirs: The Rev. Walter Chamberlin", *The Church Advocate* 84(39), 5 August 1909, 1247.
13. Joseph Heatly Dulles, "XXIV. James Cooke Edwards", *Necrological Reports and Annual Proceedings of the Alumni Association of Princeton Theological Seminary, Volume 1: 1875–1889* (Princeton: Princeton Theological Seminary, 1891), 42–43.

## InfoBox

| Old Newton Burial Ground | |
| --- | --- |
| Entrance with cast-iron gates | |
|  | |
| Details | |
| Established | 1762 |
| Location | Southeast of Main Street (U.S. Route 206)<br>Newton, Sussex County, New Jersey |
| Country | United States |
| Coordinates | 41°3′22″N 74°45′10″W / 41.05611°N 74.75278°W / 41.05611; -74.75278 |
| Owned by | Newton Cemetery Company |
| Size | 1.66 acres (0.67 ha) |
| No. of interments | 1,287 transcribed |


title: Okija Shrine

abstract: Okija Shrine or Ogwuwu Akpu is a dreaded shrine located in Okija, a town in Ihiala local government of Anambra State, Eastern Nigeria. On 3 August 2004, the shrine was invaded by a team of policemen led by former Anambra State Commissioner of Police Felix Ogbaudu who arrested over 40 native doctors, keepers and attendants. Over 70 dead human bodies and skulls were discovered in the premise of the shrine.

text:
# Okija Shrine

**Okija Shrine** or ***Ogwuwu Akpu*** is a dreaded shrine located in Okija, a town in Ihiala local government of Anambra State, Eastern Nigeria. On 3 August 2004, the shrine was invaded by a team of policemen led by former Anambra State Commissioner of Police Felix Ogbaudu who arrested over 40 native doctors, keepers and attendants. Over 70 dead human bodies and skulls were discovered in the premise of the shrine.

## History

Okija Shrine was a dispute settlement shrine where people with personal, land and business issues go to in order to seek adjudication by the gods. But as Mrs Bridget Obi, an Okija native & former Commissioner for Women Affairs, Anambra State pointed out “what happened there \[in recent times, that led the police to invade the place\] was not the culture of our people. Traditional religion was not what we saw in that place. What we saw was just barbaric dehumanisation.”

## Relationship with Nigerian politicians

Over the years, Okija Shrine is believed to have been patronized by influential Nigerian politicians. In 2003, it was revealed that former Anambra State governor, Chris Ngige visited the shrine in the company of Chris Uba to swear an oath of allegiance to his "political godfathers" on winning the 2003 Anambra State gubernatorial election.

## Further reading


title: Ohto

abstract: Ohto Co., Ltd. is a Japanese manufacturing company of writing implements. The company was established in 1919 as a manufacturer of dyes and ink. In 1949, the company became a pen manufacturer after they manufactured the world's first ball point pen with a chrome ball. This was also Japan's first ballpoint pen. Current products manufactured by Ohto are fountain, rollerball, and gel pens, their refills, and mechanical pencils.

text:
# Ohto

**Ohto Co., Ltd.** (オート株式会社, *Ōto Kabushiki Gaisha*) is a Japanese manufacturing company of writing implements. The company was established in 1919 as a manufacturer of dyes and ink. In 1949, the company became a pen manufacturer after they manufactured the world's first ball point pen with a chrome ball. This was also Japan's first ballpoint pen.

Current products manufactured by Ohto are fountain, rollerball, and gel pens, their refills, and mechanical pencils.

## History

The story of Ohto started when Nakata Touzaburo, an employee of the Ministry of Finance, invented a special ink, which he thought would be perfect for use in banknotes. After his idea was rejected by the Ministry, Touzaburo decide to establish a company by himself, establishing "Nakata-Ohka-do" in 1919 as a manufacturer of ink, setting up in Tokyo.

When the United States Army (that had occupied Japan after the World War II) brought ballpoint pens with them, Japanese people were amazed by them and their long-lasting ink system, since ballpoints did not need to be refilled as often as fountain pens. Nakata took note of this, and in 1949 Nakata-Ohka-do released the first ballpoint pen made in Japan, named "Auto pencil". It also became the world's first pencil-shaped ballpoint pen with chrome ball. To match its own invention, the company also renamed to "Auto".

In the 1960s, Ohto also released the first water-based ballpoint pen, thus establishing a new category of pens: rollerball pens. In 1974, the company realised that the word "Auto" was too closely associated with cars, and changed its name again to "Ohto".

## InfoBox

Ohto Co., Ltd.
|
|  |
| Formerly | Nakata-Ohka-do (1919–49)
Auto (1949–74)
Ohto (1974–present) |
| Company type | Limited |
| Industry | Writing instruments |
| Founded | 1919 (1919) |
| Founder | Nakata Touzaburo |
| Headquarters | Japan |
| Products | Fountain, rollerball, and gel pens, refills, and mechanical pencils |
| Website | ohto.jp |