title: O. A. Bushnell

abstract: Oswald Andrew "Ozzy" Bushnell was a microbiologist, historian, novelist, and professor at the John A. Burns School of Medicine at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.

text:
# O. A. Bushnell

**Oswald Andrew "Ozzy" Bushnell** (11 May 1913 – 21 August 2002) was a microbiologist, historian, novelist, and professor at the John A. Burns School of Medicine at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.

## Biography

Descended from contract laborers from Portugal and Norway and a mechanic from Italy, he was born in the working-class neighborhood of Kakaʻako in Honolulu. His friends and classmates in the area were Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, Hawaiian, and "hapa-haole" \[part-white\], so he grew up "local," mastering Hawaiian "pidgin" as well as English as his novels attest. As a youngster he developed a love for the cultures of Hawaiʻi as well as literature and classical music.

He graduated in 1930 from the College of Saint Louis (high school) on River Street. He graduated in 1934 from the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, where he served as student body president. By 1937 he had earned both his MS and PhD degrees in bacteriology from the University of Wisconsin–Madison and later worked and taught (1937–40) at George Washington University Medical School in Washington D.C. He returned to Hawaiʻi in 1940 working for the Department of Health on Kauaʻi and Maui. He joined the U.S. Army as a 2nd lieutenant in April 1942 after the attack on Pearl Harbor and became a quartermaster. He was stationed at Schofield Barracks for four years. As the war ended in 1945, he served in Okinawa and Japan as a medical corps officer and achieved the rank of major.

Following the war he taught at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, retiring in 1970 as emeritus professor of medical microbiology and medical history. He served as editor in chief of the journal *Pacific Science* from 1957 through 1967. Married to Elizabeth Jane Krauskopf in 1943, they had two sons, Andrew and Philip and a daughter, Mahealani.

Bushnell's first novel, *The Return of Lono,* won the Atlantic Monthly's fiction award in 1956, at a time when most books about Hawaiʻi were written by outsiders. Later novels dealt with other aspects of Hawaiʻi's history and he encouraged and inspired many other local writers to tell their own stories. *Molokaʻi* (1975) tells the story of leprosy patients quarantined at Kalaupapa; *Kaʻaʻawa* (1972) describes life on Oʻahu in the 1850s, during the great smallpox epidemic when many native Hawaiians were dying of newly introduced diseases; and *Stone of Kannon* (1979) and its sequel *Water of Kane* tell about the first Japanese contract laborers who arrived in 1868. In 1974, the Hawaiʻi Literary Arts Council presented him an Award for Literature, saying he "brought life to fact and reality to fiction."

His historical works include "Hawaii: A Pictorial History" (1969) with Joseph Feher and Edward Joesting, "A Walk Through Old Honolulu" (1975), and "A Song of Pilgrimage and Exile: The Life and Spirit of Mother Marianne of Molokai" (1980) with Sister Mary Laurence Hanley, O.S.F.

His last work, *Gifts of Civilization: Germs and Genocide in Hawaii* (1993), combined his interests in microbiology, Hawaiian history, and literature. It remains the definitive study of how Native Hawaiians, having lived in isolation for centuries, were very nearly wiped out by exposure to newly introduced diseases such as tuberculosis, smallpox, and leprosy.


title: Nüvədi

abstract: Nüvədi is a village and municipality in the Lerik Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 384. The municipality consists of the villages of Nüvədi and Rəzəvül.

text:
# Nüvədi

**Nüvədi** (also, **Nyuady** and **Nyuvedi**) is a village and municipality in the Lerik Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 384. The municipality consists of the villages of Nüvədi and Rəzəvül.

## InfoBox

| Nüvədi | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Nüvədi | |
| Coordinates: 38°49′32″N 48°28′01″E / 38.82556°N 48.46694°E / 38.82556; 48.46694 | |
| Country | Azerbaijan |
| Rayon | Lerik |
| Population | |
| Total | 384 |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (AZT) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+5 (AZT) |


title: Wezi

abstract: Victoria Wezi Mhone, known in music circles as Wezi or Wezi HeartSound, is a Zambian singer and songwriter. She rose to fame in 2016 after releasing her debut EP-Uhai which won her the 2016 new artist of the year at the Zambian Music Awards. Wezi released a song called "Isa Bantu Tyala" featuring Pilato and "Take My Heart", song cover, which was produced by Chali Bravo, released on 8 April 2020.

text:
# Wezi

**Victoria Wezi Mhone** (born 25 May 1992), known in music circles as **Wezi** or **Wezi HeartSound**, is a Zambian singer and songwriter. She rose to fame in 2016 after releasing her debut EP-Uhai which won her the 2016 new artist of the year at the Zambian Music Awards. Wezi released a song called "Isa Bantu Tyala" featuring Pilato and "Take My Heart", song cover, which was produced by Chali Bravo, released on 8 April 2020.

## Early life

Wezi is the second born daughter in a family of four from her parents pastor Royce Chanje and the late Apostle Simon Mhone. She was raised by her uncle, her mother's elder brother, on the Copperbelt in Ndola province, Zambia. Wezi started singing at the age of seven and was encouraged by her parents. She started writing poems and songs at the age of 11. She received her primary education at North Rise basic school where she was the president of the CHONGOLOLO CLUB and the leader of the scripture Union with Zambian singer T Low and Namibian-based youth leader Joseph Kalimbwe who attended the same school in Ndola. Wezi later attended and completed high school at a Dominican convent secondary school where she was an active member of the drama club, keep fit club & the president of Young Christian Students (YCS). In 2013, she was enrolled into the school of humanities and social sciences at the University of Zambia.

## Music career

Wezi officially signed her first record deal in 2013 with Bizzy Baila International which was co owned by Tsean and Tbwoy-Tbizzy.Under the record label, she released 3 singles Ambuya, Nipulumuseni and Tichitenji which was produced by T-Sean. She opted out of her contract in 2014 and later signed on to Vibrant media where she recorded several songs but non was released. Shortly after her deal with vibrant media, she joined MOJO Music where she was only able to release one song after several recordings. In 2016 she released her first EP -Uhia as an independent artist which won her the award for the best new artist at the 2016 Zambian music awards. In 2017, she was nominated for the Kora Awards. In 2018 she signed on to Elation Entertainment, a Zambian-based record label. Wezi took part in the annual Stanbic bank music festival in Zambia in 2016, 2017 and 2018 where she perform alone side rnb group Boyz II Men and award-winning UK-based pop-reggae band UB40, Joe Thomas and Brian McKnight. In march 2018 she performed at the Lake of Stars Festival(LoS) held in London and Glasgow Scotland as a headline act alongside the likes of Frightened Rabbits(England), M.anifest(Ghana), Faith Musa(Malawi). She later performed at the Harare International Arts Festival (HIFA) in Zimbabwe held between 1 and 6 May. In April, 2020 Wezi released a cover song called "Take My Heart" produced by Bravo and released another hit called "Ise Bantu Tyala" featuring Pilato. In november of 2021, she collaborated with other artist to throw light on the ills of the country by releasing *Rich Country Poor People*.

### Grammy Awards

Wezi was nominated for the Grammys awards after featuring on a raggie collaboration in 2021.

### Fifa Women World Cup

With the national female team of Zambia qualifying to the fifa world cup for the first time in their history, Wezi and two other artists were made the official music ambassador for the national team thereby releasing the official team song *Copper Queens Anthem*.

## Humanitarian work

In 2016, she attended the African Union summit and later in the same year was appointed by the late Minister of Gender as Gender's ambassador on the campaigns against early child marriages & gender-based violence. Wezi served as an advocate for conservation of natural water sources after taking part in the 2017 World Wide Fund for Nature ( WWF) Journey of Water.

## Discography

### Albums

*Uhai* (EP, 2016)

### Single

* "Ambuya"
* "Tichitenji"
* "Nipulumuseni"
* "Nthenda" (featuring Jay Rox)
* "Maplanga na nsimbi"
* "Translate"
* "Nyimbo Zako"
* "Umung'O" (featuring Mumba Yachi)
* "Anagaila" (cover with Kantu & Bombshell)
* "Tiwepo"
* "Nikukonda"
* "Munanitema" (featuring cleo icequeen)
* Ise Bantu Tyala ( featuring pilato)
* Take heart my heart ( song cover)
* Moyo

## InfoBox

| Wezi | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Victoria Wezi Mhone |
| Also known as | Wezi HeartSound |
| Born | (1992-05-25) 25 May 1992<br>Ndola, Zambia |
| Origin | Ndola, Zambia |
| Genres |  |
| Occupations | * Singer-songwriter * performer |
| Instruments | * Vocals * Guitar |
| Years active | 2013–present |
| Labels | * Elation Entertainment * Bizzy Baila International * MOJO Music |


title: Yukina Kinoshita

abstract: Yukina Fujimoto, known by her maiden name Yukina Kinoshita, is a Japanese model, actress, and television personality. She was a member of the musical group Pabo alongside Mai Satoda and Suzanne, all three of whom were later grouped with Shuchishin as members of Aladdin.

text:
# Yukina Kinoshita

**Yukina Fujimoto** (藤本 優樹菜, *Fujimoto Yukina*, born August 4, 1987), known by her maiden name **Yukina Kinoshita** (木下 優樹菜, *Kinoshita Yukina*), is a Japanese model, actress, and television personality. She was a member of the musical group Pabo alongside Mai Satoda and Suzanne, all three of whom were later grouped with Shuchishin as members of Aladdin.

## Career

Kinoshita was born in Katsushika, Tokyo, and attended Shibuya Liberal High School. She began modelling at the age of 19, when she got her first assignment as a lingerie model in the 2007 edition of Sanai swimsuit image girl. Later in 2008, she landed another assignment as an image girl for the company Kygnus Sekiyu. She also did gravure modelling and released two photobooks, with the first being *Yukina* 2007 and the second *Wakannai* in 2008, as well as two DVDs. She became famous primarily as a television personality, appearing first on the quiz show *Quiz! Hexagon II*, where she became known as a *o-baka tarento* (dumb celebrity). It was during this time that she became a part of the bands Pabo and Aladdin the Second. She has appeared in commercials for popular brands such as Pizza Hut, Kirin Brewery Company, and GREE, as well as in Japanese fashion magazines such as *Pinky* and *Vivi*. In 2007 she was a regular on *Pokémon Sunday*.

### Retirement and Return

Kinoshita announced her retirement from the entertainment industry in February 2020, but resumed entertainment and work related activities at the start of July. On July 6, 2020, it was announced that she had fully retired from the entertainment industry as a result of a disagreement with her agency. On September 1 of the same year, Kinoshita made an unannounced return to the public sphere with the launch of a new Instagram profile.

## Personal life

On August 28, 2010, she married the Japanese comedian Toshifumi Fujimoto, member of comedy duo Fujiwara, with whom she co-starred on *Quiz! Hexagon II*. On August 6, 2012, Kinoshita gave birth to their first daughter. On November 3, 2015, she gave birth to their second daughter. In November 2019, Kinoshita was embroiled in scandal after confronting a Tokyo tapioca milk tea shop over a failure to pay a younger sister who was working at the shop at the time. Kinoshita was said to have threatened the business using her influence in the entertainment industry, an action criticized by some on the internet as a form of "bullying". As a result of this incident, Kinoshita temporarily suspended her activities in the entertainment industry. Kinoshita and Fujimori announced their divorce on December 31, 2019. with suspicions of infidelity coming to light shortly after. In 2016, she and NAOTO, a member of the boy band EXILE, were cast in a popular television segment which reportedly led to an intimate relationship between the two that continued until July 2020. In the segment, the two would interview married men drinking late at night about their relationships with their wives. On numerous reported occasions, Kinoshita and NAOTO would frequent bars and stay overnight at love hotels after the end of filming. Suspicions of the pair had risen long before as they often post intimate photos with each other on Instagram while stating that they were "just friends." Additionally, Kinoshita had several reported affairs with unnamed talents in 2019 including Japanese national soccer team player Takashi Inui.

### ADHD Diagnosis

Kinoshita announced her diagnosis with ADHD (Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) in July 2022.

## Filmography

### Movies

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | *20th Century Boys-The Movie* | A girl in Shibuya | Cameo |
| 2011 | *Mistaken* | Cameo | Unknown |
| 2017 | *Eiga Kamisama Minarai: Himitsu no Cocotama* | Hapipina | Voice role |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Network | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | *Hachi-One Diver* | Tsukishima Misaki | Fuji TV | Supporting Role-1 Episode |
| 2008 | *Osen* | Kaori | Nippon TV | Supporting Role-1 Episode |
| 2008 | *Odaiba Tantei Suchishin Hexagon Satsujin Jiken* | Unknown | Fuji TV | Cameo |
| 2008 | *Honto ni atta Kowai Hanashi* | Chakushin Rireki | Fuji TV | Supporting Role-1 Episode |
| 2009 | *Mr. Brain* | Cleaning Lady | TBS | Supporting Role-1 Episode |
| 2009 | *Kochikame* | Local Delinquent | TBS | Guest Role-1 Episode |
| 2011 | *Kounodori: Dr. Stork* | Aoki Tomoko | TBS | Guest Role-1 Episode |

## Music

### Discography

| Year | Song | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2007 | *Pokemon* | A song to promote the 2007 season of the Japanese version of *Pokémon Diamond and Pearl* |

## InfoBox

| Yukina Kinoshita | |
| --- | --- |
| 木下 優樹菜 | |
| Kinoshita in 2019 | |
| Born | (1987-08-04) August 4, 1987<br>Katsushika, Tokyo, Japan |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Other names | Yukina Fuijimoto |
| Alma mater | Shibuya Liberal High School |
| Occupation(s) | Model, *tarento* |
| Years active | 20062019 |
| Height | 1.68 m (5 ft 6 in) |
| Spouse | Toshifumi Fujimoto  (m. 2010; div. 2019) |
| Children | 2 |


title: Vic Elford

abstract: Victor Henry Elford was an English sports car racing, rallying, and Formula One driver. He participated in 13 World Championship F1 Grands Prix, debuting on 7 July 1968. He scored a total of 8 championship points. Nicknamed "Quick Vic" by his peers Elford was mainly a famous sports car competitor as well as a successful rally driver, associated often with Porsche.

text:
# Vic Elford

| 24 Hours of Le Mans career | |
| --- | --- |
| Years | 19671974, 1983 |
| Teams | Porsche System
Porsche Salzburg
Martini Racing
Autodelta SpA
Automobiles Charles Pozzi
*Robert Buchet*
Rondeau |
| Best finish | 6th (1973) |
| Class wins | 2 (1967, 1973) |

**Victor Henry Elford** (10 June 1935 – 13 March 2022) was an English sports car racing, rallying, and Formula One driver. He participated in 13 World Championship F1 Grands Prix, debuting on 7 July 1968. He scored a total of 8 championship points.

Nicknamed "Quick Vic" by his peers Elford was mainly a famous sports car competitor as well as a successful rally driver, associated often with Porsche.

## Career

Elford started as a co-driver, partnering David Seigle-Morris in a Triumph TR3A. By 1961 he had acquired the confidence to see himself as a potential driver in his own right: the confidence was not shared by team manager Marcus Chambers, and Elford purchased a race-tuned Mini which he rallied as a privateer with limited success before selling it at the end of the season. 1962 found him achieving success in several UK rallies driving a factory sponsored DKW Junior. The next year saw a return to Triumph and Elford achieved impressively fast times with the Triumph TR4s, although reliability of the cars in Elford's hands was disappointing, and the following year Elford switched to Ford: this was the beginning of a successful three-year rallying stint with the Ford Cortinas.

In 1967 Elford was European rally champion in a works Porsche 911S. Among other victories he won the 1968 Rally Monte Carlo in a Porsche 911S and only a week later the 24 Hours of Daytona in a Porsche 907, Porsche's first ever overall win in a 24-hour race.

Later that year, he also won the Targa Florio teamed with veteran Umberto Maglioli in a famous come-from-behind race after he lost 18 minutes in the first lap due to a tyre failure. Elford then entered the French Grand Prix and finished fourth in his first F1 race – a wet one, too.

By finishing the 1969 Monaco Grand Prix despite troubles, he became the only driver to do well in both famous events in Monte Carlo since Louis Chiron.

Racing in the World Sportscar Championship for Martini Racing against the mighty JWA Gulf team, he was clocked at over 380 km/h in the Porsche 917LH in practice for the 1971 24 Hours of Le Mans. He went on to win the 1971 12 Hours of Sebring in a Porsche 917K, as well as several 1000km Nürburgring races.

During the 1972 24 Hours of Le Mans, when he saw a burning Ferrari Daytona in front of him, Elford stopped in mid-race to save the driver. When opening the door, Elford found an empty cockpit, as the driver already had escaped. Elford then noticed the wreck of a Lola among the trees, with Jo Bonnier having been killed. Cameras caught the act and Elford was named Chevalier of the National Order of Merit by French President Georges Pompidou.

A Targa Florio, Sebring and Daytona winner, his favourite track was nonetheless the Nürburgring despite the disappointing results in his three F1 attempts there, of which the first two ended in lap 1 accidents. His two last GPs were at the Nürburgring. In addition to the 1000 km, Elford won some 500 km races there, winning a total of 6 major races. Only Rudolf Caracciola and Stirling Moss beat that record.

Elford lap records included: Targa Florio, Nürburgring, Daytona, Sebring, Norisring, Monza, Buenos Aires, Road Atlanta, Laguna Seca, Riverside and Le Mans.

On 4 February 1967 at Lydden Circuit, he won the first ever Rallycross event. Later that year he won the 84 Hour "Marathon de la Route" event at the Nürburgring, on the full 28 km long combined versions that was rarely used since the 1930s. Fellow pilots Hans Herrmann and Jochen Neerpasch preferred "the rally driver" to steer the Porsche 911 through the 7 hours long, four consecutive night turns in rainy and foggy conditions. The winning car was fitted with a semi-automatic Sportomatic transmission, as was another Porsche 911S entered by the factory team.

Although he raced five years for Porsche, Elford also raced for Ford, Triumph, Lancia, Alfa-Romeo, Ferrari, Chaparral, Shadow, Cooper, Lola, Chevron, and Subaru. He also drove McLaren in F1 & CanAm, Chevrolet in TransAm.

Overseas, Elford was also racing in CanAm and the Daytona 500 of NASCAR.

On 25 January 2015, Elford received the 2015 Phil Hill Award from Road Racing Drivers Club. It was presented to him by club president Bobby Rahal.

## Personal life

After retiring, Elford lived in South Florida in the United States. Elford died on 13 March 2022, at the age of 86. At the time of his death he had been suffering from cancer for roughly a year.

## Racing record

### Complete British Saloon Car Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap.)

| Year | Team | Car | Class | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | Pos. | Pts | Class |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1961 | Don Moore | Morris Mini Minor | A | SNE | GOO | AIN | SIL | CRY | SIL | BRH | OUL
? | SNE |  |  | 21st | 6 | 8th |
| 1967 | AFN | Porsche 911 | C | BRH
3 | SNE
Ret | SIL
Ret | SIL
2 | MAL | SIL
5 | SIL
5 | BRH
3 | OUL
5† | BRH
Ret |  | 7th | 40 | 1st |
| 1968 | Bill Bradley | Porsche 911 L | C | BRH
2 | THR
17 | SIL
3 | CRY | MAL | BRH | SIL | CRO | OUL | BRH | BRH | 14th | 18 | 4th |

† Events with 2 races staged for the different classes.

### Complete Formula One World Championship results

(*key*)

| Year | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | WDC | Pts. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | Cooper Car Company | Cooper T86B | BRM P101 3.0 V12 | RSA | ESP | MON | BEL | NED | FRA
4 | GBR
Ret | GER
Ret | ITA
Ret | CAN
5 | USA
Ret | MEX
8 | 18th | 5 |
| 1969 | Antique Automobiles Racing Team | Cooper T86 | Maserati 10/F1 3.0 V12 | RSA | ESP | MON
7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14th | 3 |
| | McLaren M7B | Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 | | |  |  |  | NED
10 | FRA
5 | GBR
6 | GER
Ret | ITA | CAN | USA | MEX |  |
| 1971 | Yardley Team BRM | BRM P160 | BRM P142 3.0 V12 | RSA | ESP | MON | NED | FRA | GBR | GER
11 | AUT | ITA | CAN | USA |  | NC | 0 |

### Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results

| Year | Team | Co-Drivers | Car | Class | Laps | Pos. | Class
Pos. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1967 | Porsche System Engineering | Ben Pon | Porsche 906K Carrera 6 | S
2.0 | 327 | 7th | **1st** |
| 1968 | Porsche System Engineering | Gerhard Mitter | Porsche 908 | S
3.0 | 111 | DNF | DNF |
| 1969 | Porsche System Engineering | Richard Attwood | Porsche 917L | S
5.0 | 327 | DNF | DNF |
| 1970 | Porsche KG Salzburg | Kurt Ahrens Jr. | Porsche 917L | S
5.0 | 225 | DNF | DNF |
| 1971 | Martini Racing Team | Gérard Larrousse | Porsche 917LH | S
5.0 | 74 | DNF | DNF |
| 1972 | Autodelta SpA | Helmut Marko | Alfa Romeo Tipo 33TT3 | S
3.0 | 232 | DNF | DNF |
| 1973 | Automobiles Charles Pozzi | Claude Ballot-Léna | Ferrari 365 GTB/4 | GT
5.0 | 316 | 6th | **1st** |
| 1974 | Robert Buchet | Claude Ballot-Léna | Porsche 911 Carrera RSR | GT
 | 117 | DNF | DNF |
| 1983 | Automobiles Jean Rondeau | Joël Gouhier
Anny-Charlotte Verney | Rondeau M379C | Gr. C | 136 | DNF | DNF |
|

## Bibliography

Elford has authored a number of books on the subject of motorsport:

* *Porsche High Performance Driving Handbook* ISBN 0-87938-849-8 (1994)
* *Vic Elford: Reflections on a Golden Era in Motorsports* ISBN 1-893618-52-8 (2005)

## InfoBox

Vic Elford
| Elford in 2010 at Watkins Glen | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1935-06-10)10 June 1935
Peckham, London, England |
| Died | 13 March 2022(2022-03-13) (aged 86) |
| Formula One World Championship career | |
| Nationality | British |
| Active years | 19681969, 1971 |
| Teams | Cooper, McLaren, BRM |
| Entries | 13 |
| Championships | 0 |
| Wins | 0 |
| Podiums | 0 |
| Career points | 8 |
| Pole positions | 0 |
| Fastest laps | 0 |
| First entry | 1968 French Grand Prix |
| Last entry | 1971 German Grand Prix |


title: Yukinari Tamura

abstract: Yukinari Tamura is a Japanese mixed martial artist who competes for Shooto. A professional who began his career in 2004, he has also competed for DEEP, Pancrase, and Rizin.

text:
# Yukinari Tamura

**Yukinari Tamura** (born May 12, 1981) is a Japanese mixed martial artist who competes for Shooto. A professional who began his career in 2004, he has also competed for DEEP, Pancrase, and Rizin.

## Mixed martial arts record

Professional record breakdown
| **40 matches** | **16 wins** | **15 losses** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **By knockout** | 3 | 4 |
| **By submission** | 5 | 4 |
| **By decision** | 8 | 7 |
| **Draws** | 9 | |

| Res. | Record | Opponent | Method | Event | Date | Round | Time | Location | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Loss | 16–15–9 | Hernani Perpetuo | TKO (upkick and punches) | Shooto Brasil 120 | November 24, 2023 | 1 | 1:30 | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |  |
| Loss | 16–14–9 | Daichi Abe | Decision (unanimous) | Rizin 39 | October 23, 2022 | 3 | 5:00 | Fukuoka, Japan |  |
| Win | 16–13–9 | Souki Toyama | KO (punches) | Shooto Torao 27 | May 15, 2022 | 2 | 3:15 | Fukuoka, Japan | Won the Shooto Pacific Rim Shooto Welterweight Championship. |
| Loss | 15–13–9 | Souki Toyama | Decision (split) | Shooto Torao 24 | June 16, 2019 | 3 | 5:00 | Fukuoka, Japan | For the vacant Shooto Pacific Rim Welterweight Championship. |
| Win | 15–12–9 | Will Chope | Submission (kneebar) | Shooto Torao 21 | September 10, 2017 | 2 | 4:40 | Fukuoka, Japan | Return to Welterweight. |
| Win | 14–12–9 | Bayzet Khatkhokhu | Decision (unanimous) | Road to Abu Dhabi Warriors: Thailand | August 12, 2016 | 3 | 5:00 | Bangkok, Thailand |  |
| Loss | 13–12–9 | Kimihiro Eto | Decision (majority) | DEEP: 76 Impact | June 26, 2016 | 2 | 5:00 | Tokyo, Japan |  |
| Draw | 13–11–9 | Luiz Andrade I | Draw (majority) | DEEP Cage Impact 2015 | August 29, 2015 | 2 | 5:00 | Tokyo, Japan |  |
| Loss | 13–11–8 | Shigetoshi Iwase | TKO (punches) | DEEP: 70 Impact | December 21, 2014 | 2 | 3:40 | Tokyo, Japan |  |
| Draw | 13–10–8 | Yoichi Fukumoto | Draw (unanimous) | DEEP: 68 Impact | August 23, 2014 | 2 | 5:00 | Tokyo, Japan |  |
| Loss | 13–10–7 | Alexander Sarnavskiy | Submission (rear-naked choke) | Ural Fight League: Resurrection | May 24, 2014 | 3 | 4:54 | Ekaterinburg, Russia |  |
| Win | 13–9–7 | Shinichiro Tanaka | Submission (triangle choke) | DEEP: Osaka Impact 2014 | February 23, 2014 | 1 | 0:39 | Osaka, Japan |  |
| Draw | 12–9–7 | Juri Ohara | Draw (majority) | DEEP: Cage Impact 2013 | November 24, 2013 | 2 | 5:00 | Tokyo, Japan | Return to Lightweight. |
| Win | 12–9–6 | Ryuichiro Sumimura | Decision (majority) | DEEP: Osaka Impact 2013 | April 28, 2013 | 3 | 5:00 | Osaka, Japan |  |
| Win | 11–9–6 | Kenta Takagi | Decision (unanimous) | Shooto: 10th Round | September 30, 2012 | 3 | 5:00 | Tokyo, Japan |  |
| Win | 10–9–6 | Tomokazu Yuasa | Decision (unanimous) | Shooto: Gig West 14 | July 8, 2012 | 2 | 5:00 | Osaka, Kansai, Japan | Return to Welterweight. |
| Loss | 9–9–6 | Yusuke Hoshiko | Decision (unanimous) | Rising On: Kyushu | May 20, 2012 | 3 | 5:00 | Kumamoto, Japan | For the vacant ROFC Lightweight Championship. |
| Loss | 9–8–6 | Keiichiro Yamamiya | Decision (majority) | Pancrase: Progress Tour 1 | January 28, 2012 | 2 | 5:00 | Tokyo, Japan |  |
| Draw | 9–7–6 | Masahiro Toryu | Draw (majority) | Pancrase: Impressive Tour 12 | November 27, 2011 | 2 | 5:00 | Osaka, Osaka, Japan |  |
| Loss | 9–7–5 | A-Sol Kwon | KO (knee) | Heat: Heat 18 | June 5, 2011 | 1 | 0:31 | Osaka, Japan |  |
| Loss | 9–6–5 | Isao Kobayashi | Decision (split) | Pancrase: Impressive Tour 4 | May 3, 2011 | 2 | 3:00 | Tokyo, Japan |  |
| Loss | 9–5–5 | Kotetsu Boku | Decision (unanimous) | Shooto: Shootor's Legacy 1 | January 10, 2011 | 3 | 5:00 | Tokyo, Japan |  |
| Win | 9–4–5 | Tony Hervey | Submission (rear-naked choke) | KOTC: Sniper | August 5, 2010 | 1 | 2:25 | San Bernardino, California, United States |  |
| Loss | 8–4–5 | Daisuke Sugie | Submission (armbar) | Shooto: Border: Season 2: Vibration | March 28, 2010 | 2 | 4:09 | Osaka, Kansai, Japan |  |
| Win | 8–3–5 | Hiroshi Shiba | Decision (unanimous) | Shooto: Alternative 1 | December 23, 2009 | 2 | 5:00 | Osaka, Kansai, Japan |  |
| Win | 7–3–5 | Shinji Sasaki | Decision (unanimous) | Shooto: Revolutionary Exchanges 1: Undefeated | July 19, 2009 | 2 | 5:00 | Tokyo, Japan |  |
| Draw | 6–3–5 | Guy Delumeau | Draw | Shooto: Shooting Disco 9: Superman | June 6, 2009 | 2 | 5:00 | Tokyo, Japan |  |
| Loss | 6–3–4 | Kazuya Satomoto | TKO (doctor stoppage) | Shooto: Border: Season 1: Outbreak | March 8, 2009 | 2 | 1:10 | Osaka, Kansai, Japan |  |
| Loss | 6–2–4 | Ikuo Usuda | Decision (unanimous) | Shooto: The Rookie Tournament 2008 Final | December 13, 2008 | 2 | 5:00 | Tokyo, Japan |  |
| Draw | 6–1–4 | Hiroshi Sugimoto | Draw | Shooto: Gig West 10 | September 20, 2008 | 2 | 5:00 | Osaka, Kansai, Japan |  |
| Win | 6–1–3 | Kunio Nakajima | Decision (unanimous) | Shooto: Gig Central 15 | August 3, 2008 | 2 | 5:00 | Nagoya, Aichi, Japan |  |
| Win | 5–1–3 | Taro Kusano | Decision (majority) | Shooto: Gig West 9 | March 15, 2008 | 2 | 5:00 | Osaka, Kansai, Japan |  |
| Win | 4–1–3 | Naoki Matsushita | TKO (doctor stoppage) | DEEP: Protect Impact 2007 | December 22, 2007 | 2 | 3:46 | Osaka, Japan |  |
| Win | 3–1–3 | William Animal | Submission (punches) | DEEP: 30 Impact | July 8, 2007 | 1 | 4:36 | Osaka, Japan |  |
| Loss | 2–1–3 | Milton Vieira | Submission (rear-naked choke) | Real Rhythm: 5th Stage | November 18, 2006 | 2 | 2:34 | Osaka, Japan |  |
| Win | 2–0–3 | Noritaka Sasamoto | Submission (armbar) | Real Rhythm: 4th Stage | July 30, 2006 | 1 | 4:39 | Osaka, Japan |  |
| Draw | 1–0–3 | Kenichi Hattori | Draw (unanimous) | DEEP: clubDEEP Nagoya: MB3z Impact, Di Entrare | May 21, 2006 | 2 | 5:00 | Nagoya, Japan |  |
| Win | 1–0–2 | Katsunori Kikuno | Decision (unanimous) | DEEP: 23 Impact | February 5, 2006 | 2 | 5:00 | Tokyo, Japan |  |
| Draw | 0–0–2 | Maurcio Ishizuka | Draw (time limit) | DEEP: clubDEEP Osaka | November 28, 2004 | 2 | 5:00 | Osaka, Japan |  |
| Draw | 0–0–1 | Tomoyoshi Matsumoto | Draw | RZ: Red Zone 9 | October 3, 2004 | 3 | 3:00 | Osaka, Japan |  |

## InfoBox

| Yukinari Tamura | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1981-05-12) May 12, 1981
Japan |
| Other names | Hibiki |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Height | 177 cm (5 ft 10 in) |
| Weight | 77 kg (170 lb; 12 st 2 lb) |
| Division | Welterweight
Lightweight |
| Team | Paraestra Osaka |
| Years active | 2004-present |
|  | |
| Mixed martial arts record | |
| **Total** | 40 |
| **Wins** | 16 |
| By knockout | 3 |
| By submission | 5 |
| By decision | 8 |
| **Losses** | 15 |
| By knockout | 4 |
| By submission | 4 |
| By decision | 7 |
| **Draws** | 9 |
|  | |
| Other information | |
| Mixed martial arts record from Sherdog | |


title: HMAS Ladava (P 92)

abstract: HMAS Ladava was an Attack-class patrol boat of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). It was named after the small village of Ladava situated on the shore of Milne Bay in Alotau District, Papua New Guinea. Completed in 1968, the vessel was one of five assigned to the RAN's Papua New Guinea (PNG) Division. The patrol boat was transferred to the Papua New Guinea Defence Force in 1974 as HMPNGS Ladava. The patrol boat was decommissioned in 1988, although her fate is unknown.

text:
# HMAS Ladava (P 92)

**HMAS *Ladava* (P 92)** was an *Attack*-class patrol boat of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). It was named after the small village of Ladava situated on the shore of Milne Bay in Alotau District, Papua New Guinea. Completed in 1968, the vessel was one of five assigned to the RAN's Papua New Guinea (PNG) Division. The patrol boat was transferred to the Papua New Guinea Defence Force in 1974 as **HMPNGS *Ladava***. The patrol boat was decommissioned in 1988, although her fate is unknown.

## Design and construction

The *Attack* class was ordered in 1964 to operate in Australian waters as patrol boats (based on lessons learned through using the Ton-class minesweepers on patrols of Borneo during the Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation, and to replace a variety of old patrol, search-and-rescue, and general-purpose craft. Initially, fourteen were ordered for the RAN, five of which were intended for the Papua New Guinea Division of the RAN, although another six ships were ordered to bring the class to twenty vessels.

The patrol boats had a displacement of 100 tons at standard load and 146 tons at full load, were 107.6 feet (32.8 m) in length overall, had a beam of 20 feet (6.1 m), and draughts of 6.4 feet (2.0 m) at standard load, and 7.3 feet (2.2 m) at full load. Propulsion machinery consisted of two 16-cylinder Paxman YJCM diesel engines, which supplied 3,460 shaft horsepower (2,580 kW) to the two propellers. The vessels could achieve a top speed of 24 knots (44 km/h; 28 mph), and had a range of 1,200 nautical miles (2,200 km; 1,400 mi) at 13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph). The ship's company consisted of three officers and sixteen sailors. Main armament was a bow-mounted Bofors 40 mm gun, supplemented by two .50-calibre M2 Browning machine guns and various small arms. The ships were designed with as many commercial components as possible: the *Attack*s were to operate in remote regions of Australia and New Guinea, and a town's hardware store would be more accessible than home base in a mechanical emergency.

*Ladava* was built by Walkers Limited at Maryborough, Queensland, launched on 11 May 1968, and commissioned on 21 October 1968.

## Operational history

HMAS *Ladava* arrived at the RAN base HMAS *Tarangau* at Los Negros Island, Manus Province in December 1968, joining the previously delivered *Aitape*, *Samarai*, and *Lae*. Primary roles of the new patrol boats were fisheries protection and sea training, but also undertook search and rescue, medical evacuation and monitoring of navigational aids roles. The ship's company was made up of both Australian and PNG servicemen. Prior to the arrival of the *Attack*-class patrol boats, surveillance of PNG waters was conducted by small coastal craft and occasional visits by larger RAN warships, but the PNG Division was now able to chase and apprehend vessels suspected of illegal fishing.

In February 1968, *Ladava* and sister ship *Aitape* traveled 231 miles (372 km) up the Sepik River in western Papua New Guinea. In a first for the PNG Division, HMAS *Ladava* became the first patrol boat to be completely PNG-manned on 18 June 1974, when Lieutenant Karry Frank took command.

*Ladava* was one of the five *Attack*-class patrol boats of the RAN PNG Division transferred to the Papua New Guinea Defence Force's (PNGDF) Maritime Element (now Maritime Operations Element) on 14 November 1974 when the PNGDF took over maritime functions from the RAN. They formed the PNGDF Patrol Boat Squadron based at Manus. *Ladava* was decommissioned in 1988.

## Citations

* Blackman, Raymond, ed. (1968). *Jane's Fighting Ships, 1968–69* (71st ed.). London: Jane's Publishing Company. OCLC 123786869.
* Gillett, Ross (1988). *Australian and New Zealand Warships since 1946*. Brookvale, NSW: Child & Associates. ISBN 0-86777-219-0. OCLC 23470364.
* Sharpe, Richard, ed. (1998). *Jane's Fighting Ships 1998–99* (101st ed.). Coulsdon, Surrey: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 0-7106-1795-X. OCLC 39372676.
* "The patrol boat". Australian National Maritime Museum. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 30 June 2011.

## InfoBox

| HMAS *Advance*, a sister ship to *Ladava* | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Australia | |
| Namesake | Village of Ladava, PNG |
| Builder | Walkers Limited |
| Launched | 11 May 1968 |
| Commissioned | 21 October 1968 |
| Decommissioned | 14 November 1974 |
| Motto | "Fight The Good Fight" |
| Fate | Transferred to Papua New Guinea |
| Badge |  |
| Papua New Guinea | |
| Commissioned | 14 November 1974 |
| Decommissioned | 1988 |
| Fate | Unknown |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *Attack*-class patrol boat |
| Displacement | * 100 tons standard * 146 tons full load |
| Length | 107.6 ft (32.8 m) length overall |
| Beam | 20 ft (6.1 m) |
| Draught | * 6.4 ft (2.0 m) at standard load * 7.3 ft (2.2 m) at full load |
| Propulsion | * 2 × 16-cylinder Paxman YJCM diesel engines * 3,460 shp (2,580 kW) * 2 shafts |
| Speed | 24 knots (44 km/h; 28 mph) |
| Range | 1,200 nmi (2,200 km; 1,400 mi) at 13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph) |
| Complement | 3 officers, 16 sailors |
| Armament |  |


title: 1955 Isle of Man TT

abstract: In the 1955 Isle of Man TT the Lightweight 250cc race moved to the 10.75 miles long Clypse Course, also used for the Lightweight 125cc TT race, and the Sidecar TT, and the course was used for these races until 1959. During this period the rest of the TT program remained on the Mountain Circuit. In the Junior TT, Norton rider Bob McIntyre led for four of the seven laps, but brake overheating and suspension problems forced him to slow, allowing Bill Lomas on a Moto Guzzi to pass, and go on to victory.

text:
# 1955 Isle of Man TT

In the **1955 Isle of Man TT** the Lightweight 250cc race moved to the 10.75 miles long Clypse Course, also used for the Lightweight 125cc TT race, and the Sidecar TT, and the course was used for these races until 1959. During this period the rest of the TT program remained on the Mountain Circuit.

In the Junior TT, Norton rider Bob McIntyre led for four of the seven laps, but brake overheating and suspension problems forced him to slow, allowing Bill Lomas on a Moto Guzzi to pass, and go on to victory.

## Senior TT (500 cc) classification

| Pos | Rider | Manufacturer | Laps | Time | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **Geoff Duke** | **Gilera** | 7 | 2:41:49.8 | **8** |
| 2 | **Reg Armstrong** | **Gilera** | 7 | +1:59.2 | **6** |
| 3 | **Ken Kavanagh** | **Moto Guzzi** | 7 | +4:43.0 | **4** |
| 4 | **Jack Brett** | **Norton** | 7 | +5:49.8 | **3** |
| 5 | **Bob McIntyre** | **Norton** | 7 | +7:03.4 | **2** |
| 6 | **Derek Ennett** | **Matchless** | 7 | +9:24.6 | **1** |
| 7 | Bill Lomas | Moto Guzzi | 7 | +12:05.0 |  |
| 8 | Eric Jones | Norton | 7 | +12:55.4 |  |
| 9 | Derek Powell | Matchless | 7 | +13:35.4 |  |
| 10 | Peter Davey | Norton | 7 | +14:25.2 |  |
| 47 finishers | | | | | |
|  | | | | | |

## Junior TT (350 cc) classification

| Pos | Rider | Manufacturer | Laps | Time | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **Bill Lomas** | **Moto Guzzi** | 7 | 2:51:38.2 | **8** |
| 2 | **Bob McIntyre** | **Norton** | 7 | +1:00.0 | **6** |
| 3 | **Cecil Sandford** | **Moto Guzzi** | 7 | +1:24.0 | **4** |
| 4 | **John Surtees** | **Norton** | 7 | +3:14.0 | **3** |
| 5 | **Maurice Quincey** | **Norton** | 7 | +4:03.8 | **2** |
| 6 | **John Hartle** | **Norton** | 7 | +5:16.8 | **1** |
| 7 | Derek Ennett | AJS | 7 | +7:00.2 |  |
| 8 | Duilio Agostini | Moto Guzzi | 7 | +8:46.6 |  |
| 9 | Peter Murphy | AJS | 7 | +8:59.8 |  |
| 10 | Jack Ahearn | Norton | 7 | +10:23.0 |  |
| 52 finishers | | | | | |
|  | | | | | |

## Lightweight TT (250 cc) classification

| Pos | Rider | Manufacturer | Laps | Time | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **Bill Lomas** | **MV Agusta** | 9 | 1:21:38.2 | **8** |
| 2 | **Cecil Sandford** | **Moto Guzzi** | 9 | +51.2 | **6** |
| 3 | **Hermann Paul Müller** | **NSU** | 9 | +4:43.4 | **4** |
| 4 | **Arthur Wheeler** | **Moto Guzzi** | 9 | +8:06.2 | **3** |
| 5 | **Dave Chadwick** | **R.D. Special** | 9 | +9:07.4 | **2** |
| 6 | **Bill Webster** | **Velocette** | 9 | +13:27.2 | **1** |
| 7 | Phil Carter | Norton | 9 | +15:27.6 |  |
| 8 | Bill Maddrick | Moto Guzzi | 9 | +16:16.8 |  |
| 8 finishers | | | | | |
|  | | | | | |

## Ultra-Lightweight TT (125 cc) classification

| Pos | Rider | Manufacturer | Laps | Time | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **Carlo Ubbiali** | **MV Agusta** | 9 | 1:23:38.2 | **8** |
| 2 | **Luigi Taveri** | **MV Agusta** | 9 | +2.0 | **6** |
| 3 | **Giuseppe Lattanze** | **Mondial** | 9 | +2:14.8 | **4** |
| 4 | **Bill Lomas** | **MV Agusta** | 9 | +2:59.6 | **3** |
| 5 | **Bill Webster** | **MV Agusta** | 9 | +20:35.8 | **2** |
| 6 | **Ross Porter** | **MV Agusta** | 9 | +22:26.8 | **1** |
| 7 | Frank Burman | EMC-Puch | 9 | +22:33.8 |  |
| 8 | Len Harfield | LCH | 9 | +27:11.8 |  |
| 16 starters, 8 finishers | | | | | |
| **Source**: | | | | | |

## Sidecar TT classification

| Pos | Rider | Passenger | Manufacturer | Laps | Time | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **Walter Schneider** | **Hans Strauss** | **BMW** | 9 | 1:23:14.0 | **8** |
| 2 | **Bill Boddice** | **William Storr** | **Norton** | 9 | +3:44.6 | **6** |
| 3 | **Pip Harris** | **Ray Campbell** | **Matchless** | 9 | +5:08.0 | **4** |
| 4 | **Jackie Beeton** | **Charles Billingham** | **Norton** | 9 | +5:40.0 | **3** |
| 5 | **Frank Taylor** | **Ron Taylor** | **Norton** | 9 | +8:38.8 | **2** |
| 6 | **Ernie Walker** | **Dun Roberts** | **Norton** | 9 | +8:42.4 | **1** |
| 7 | Fred Hanks | E. Donnan | Matchless | 9 | +10:22.4 |  |
| 8 | Derek Yorke | R. Eden | Norton | 9 | +14:48.0 |  |
| 9 | A. H. Skein | F. Westaway | Norton | 9 | +18:27.0 |  |
| 10 | Fritz Mühlemann | K. Tuscher | BSA | 9 | +26:54.0 |  |
| 10 finishers | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | |

## Non-championship races

### Clubmans Senior TT classification

| Pos | Rider | Manufacturer | Laps | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Eddie Dow | BSA | 9 | 1:22:23 |
| 2 | I. M. Atkinson | Triumph | 9 | +1:08 |
| 3 | R. Kelly | Triumph | 9 | +2:01 |
| 4 | P. Ferbrache | BSA | 9 | +2:39 |
| 5 | D. Andrews | BSA | 9 | +2:58 |
| 6 | A. H. Mustard | BSA | 9 | +3:01 |
| 7 | F. Wallis | BSA | 9 |  |
| 8 | G. W. Shekell | Triumph | 9 |  |
| 9 | M. W. Gillingham | Triumph | 9 |  |
| 10 | D. J. Hunt | BSA | 9 |  |
| 12 finishers | | | | |
|  | | | | |

### Clubmans Junior TT classification

| Pos | Rider | Manufacturer | Laps | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Jimmy Buchan | BSA | 9 | 1:25:24.0 |
| 2 | D. Joubert | BSA | 9 | +15.6 |
| 3 | P. Ferbrache | BSA | 9 | +2:30.8 |
| 4 | R. Thompson | BSA | 9 | +4:49.0 |
| 5 | C. McLean | BSA | 9 | +4:50.4 |
| 6 | W. H. Hocking | BSA | 9 | +4:57.8 |
| 7 | K. W. James | BSA | 9 |  |
| 8 | D. Jervis | BSA | 9 |  |
| 9 | T. E. Hutchinson | BSA | 9 |  |
| 10 | R. M. Harding | BSA | 9 |  |
| 12 finishers | | | | |
|  | | | | |

## InfoBox

1955 Isle of Man TT
| Race details | |
| --- | --- |
| Race 3 of 8 races in the
1955 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season | |
|  | |
| Date | 4–10 June 1955 |
| Official name | Isle of Man Tourist Trophy |
| Location | Snaefell Mountain Course (Senior and Junior)
Clypse Course (Ultra Lightweight, Lightweight, Sidecars, Clubmans Senior and Clubmans Junior) |
| Course | * Public roads;
Mountain Course 60.72 km (37.73 mi);
Clypse Course 17.63 km (10.95 mi) |
| 500cc | |
| Rider    Fastest lap  Rider  Geoff Duke Gilera  Time  22:39.0   Podium  First  Geoff Duke Gilera  Second  Reg Armstrong Gilera  Third  Ken Kavanagh Moto Guzzi | |
| 350cc | |
| Rider    Fastest lap  Rider  Bill Lomas Moto Guzzi  Time  24:03.2   Podium  First  Bill Lomas Moto Guzzi  Second  Bob McIntyre Norton  Third  Cecil Sandford Moto Guzzi | |
| 250cc | |
| Rider    Fastest lap  Rider  Bill Lomas MV Agusta  Time  8:52.0   Podium  First  Bill Lomas MV Agusta  Second  Cecil Sandford Moto Guzzi  Third  Hermann Paul Müller NSU | |
| 125cc | |
| Rider    Fastest lap  Rider  Carlo Ubbiali MV Agusta  Time  9:02.2   Podium  First  Carlo Ubbiali MV Agusta  Second  Luigi Taveri MV Agusta  Third  Giuseppe Lattanzi Mondial | |
| Sidecar (B2A) | |
| Rider    Fastest lap  Rider  Willhelm Noll BMW  Time  9:00.0   Podium  First  Walter Schneider BMW  Second  Bill Boddice Norton  Third  Pip Harris Matchless | |


title: Lucas Burnett

abstract: Lucas Burnett is a Canadian professional ice hockey player, currently without a club after being released by the Manchester Phoenix.

text:
# Lucas Burnett

**Lucas Burnett** (born April 1, 1982) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player, currently without a club after being released by the Manchester Phoenix.

## Playing career

Born in Rossland, British Columbia, Burnett began his career at junior level in 2000–01 with the Beaver Valley Nitehawks. The Nitehawks ice in the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League and in the 2000-01 season, Burnett totalled 32 goals and 33 assists in just 42 games. This productivity saw Burnett move up to the British Columbia Hockey League's Trail Smoke Eaters for the 2001–02 term, a Tier II 'A' junior team.

Burnett showed his offensive ability, scoring 11 goals and helping out with 18 assists, and gaining the team's 'Most Improved' award in doing so. Burnett stayed with the Smoke Eaters for the 2002–03 season and again his productivity increased, this time scoring 24 goals and grabbing 28 assists for a total of 53 points in 57 BCHL games. Again Burnett was honoured with an award, the 'Most Unsung Player' for the Smoke Eaters.

In 2003-04, Burnett moved to play college hockey at NCAA standard, choosing to play for the University of Alaska Fairbanks team, known as the Alaska Nanooks. Burnett earned his first NCAA career goal against Ferris State, and claimed the game's 'number one star' spot in the process. Burnett totalled just six points in 35 games in his first season, but this improved to 14 points in 37 games for the 2004–05 season, a season which also saw Burnett promoted to the Nanooks' power play unit.

Burnett played for the Nanooks for two more seasons, combining his regular appearances with his majoring in Psychology and Criminal Justice. He played on 78 further occasions for Fairbanks, scoring 28 points along the way and impressing coaches with his high work rate which was recognized in being awarded the 'Don Jamieson Unsung Hero' and 'Ricky Pitta Most Dedicated Player' awards for the final three of his four seasons in Alaska. Burnett was the team's alternate captain in 2005–06 and shouldered the responsibility so well that he was promoted to full captain for his final term.

Burnett's dedication and effort earned him a spot with the Central Hockey League Tulsa Oilers for the 2007–08 season. He became a regular player for the Oilers, and featured in 59 regular season games. Burnett once again found his scoring touch in the process, scoring 36 points and totalling 83 penalty minutes. Despite this, his contract was not renewed, and Burnett found himself as a free agent in the summer of 2008.

This did not last, and Burnett was signed by the Manchester Phoenix in October as a replacement for the departing Grant Jacobsen. This re-united him with former Oilers teammate Josh Garbutt. Burnett soon established himself as a dependable and hard working player for the Phoenix, attributes which will hopefully carry the team into the EIHL post-season.

Despite being a late addition to the squad, Burnett gelled quickly and ended the season with 44 points in 56 games. During the season he alternated between the second and third offensive lines. Manchester qualified for both domestic cup finals as well as making the post-season during a successful 2008–09 season. Despite this, financial problems continued to dog the organization and as a result, owner Neil Morris announced in the close season that Manchester would play in the EPL for the 2009–10 season. The EPL has much stricter rules regarding foreign imports and also limits the operational budget and consequently Burnett along with most of the senior squad was released.

## Career stats

|  | | |  | Regular season | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP |  |  | Pts | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 2000–01 | Beaver Valley Nitehawks | KIJHL | | 42 | 32 | 33 | 65 |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2001–02 | Trail Smoke Eaters | BCHL | |  | 11 | 18 | 29 |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2002–03 | Trail Smoke Eaters | BCHL | | 57 | 24 | 28 | 53 | 45 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2003–04 | U. of Alaska-Fairbanks | CCHA | | 35 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 6 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2004–05 | U. of Alaska-Fairbanks | CCHA | | 37 | 5 | 9 | 14 | 20 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2005–06 | U. of Alaska-Fairbanks | CCHA | | 39 | 7 | 6 | 13 | 24 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2006–07 | U. of Alaska-Fairbanks | CCHA | | 39 | 3 | 12 | 15 | 22 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2007–08 | Tulsa Oilers | CHL | | 59 | 15 | 21 | 36 | 83 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2008–09 | Manchester Phoenix | EIHL | | 44 | 16 | 20 | 36 | 40 | | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| EIHL totals | | | | 44 | 16 | 20 | 36 | 40 | | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |

## InfoBox

| Lucas Burnett | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born | (1982-04-01) April 1, 1982
Rossland, B.C., CAN | | |
| Height | 6 ft 1 in (185 cm) | | |
| Weight | 224 lb (102 kg; 16 st 0 lb) | | |
| Position | Forward | | |
| Shoots | Right | | |
| team
Former teams | *Free Agent*
Tulsa Oilers
Manchester Phoenix | | |
| Playing career | 2007present | | |


title: Lošany

abstract: Lošany is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.

text:
# Lošany

**Lošany** is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.

## Administrative parts

The village of Lošánky is an administrative part of Lošany.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 547 |  |
| 1880 | 547 | +0.0% |
| 1890 | 587 | +7.3% |
| 1900 | 596 | +1.5% |
| 1910 | 615 | +3.2% |
| 1921 | 623 | +1.3% |
| 1930 | 582 | −6.6% |
| 1950 | 376 | −35.4% |
| 1961 | 386 | +2.7% |
| 1970 | 331 | −14.2% |
| 1980 | 325 | −1.8% |
| 1991 | 310 | −4.6% |
| 2001 | 277 | −10.6% |
| 2011 | 335 | +20.9% |
| 2021 | 318 | −5.1% |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Lošany | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Fortifications in Lošany | |
|  | |
| LošanyLocation in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 49°59′41″N 15°7′34″E / 49.99472°N 15.12611°E / 49.99472; 15.12611 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | Central Bohemian |
| District | Kolín |
| First mentioned | 1259 |
| Area | |
| Total | 6.75 km2 (2.61 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 312 m (1,024 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01) | |
| Total | 315 |
| Density | 47/km2 (120/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 280 02 |
| Website | www.losany.cz |


title: Trochocarpa montana

abstract: Trochocarpa montana, commonly known as mountain tree-heath, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae and is endemic to high altitude places in New South Wales. It is a much-branched shrub with narrowly egg-shaped, narrowly elliptical to broadly egg-shaped leaves, racemes of creamy-brown, tube-shaped flowers, and purple to black drupes.

text:
# Trochocarpa montana

***Trochocarpa montana***, commonly known as **mountain tree-heath**, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae and is endemic to high altitude places in New South Wales. It is a much-branched shrub with narrowly egg-shaped, narrowly elliptical to broadly egg-shaped leaves, racemes of creamy-brown, tube-shaped flowers, and purple to black drupes.

## Description

*Trochocarpa montana* is a much-branched shrub that typically grows to a height of 2–10 m (6 ft 7 in – 32 ft 10 in) and has fawn to grey branchlets. Its leaves are arranged alternately along the stems, narrowly egg-shaped, narrowly elliptical to broadly egg-shaped, 10.5–50 mm (0.41–1.97 in) long and 4–26 mm (0.16–1.02 in) wide on a petiole 1.5–4.5 mm (0.059–0.177 in) long. The leaves are glossy green on the upper surface and paler below, with 5 to 7 veins visible, especially on the lower surface. The flowers are arranged in racemes on the ends of branches and in leaf axils, each flower on a pedicel 0.2–0.5 mm (0.0079–0.0197 in) long with bracts and bracteoles 1.1–1.6 mm (0.043–0.063 in) long and 1.0–1.1 mm (0.039–0.043 in) wide. The sepals are egg-shaped to elliptic, 1.2–2.0 mm (0.047–0.079 in) long and 0.6–1.1 mm (0.024–0.043 in) wide. The petals are creamy-brown, 2.8–3.5 mm (0.11–0.14 in) long and joined at the base to form a tube 1.6–2.1 mm (0.063–0.083 in) long with lobes 1.2–1.6 mm (0.047–0.063 in) long.

## Taxonomy

*Trochocarpa montana* was first formally described in 2007 by John Beaumont Williams and John T. Hunter in the journal *Telopea*, from specimens collected in the Cathedral Rock National Park in 1995. The specific epithet (*montana*) refers to the occurrence of all populations at high elevations.

## Distribution and habitat

Mountain tree-heath mostly occurs in and on the margins of rainforest with Antarctic Beech or Sassafras or in wet forests dominated by *Eucalyptus obliqua*.

## InfoBox

| *Trochocarpa montana* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| In the Australian National Botanic Gardens | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Ericaceae |
| Genus: | *Trochocarpa* |
| Species: | ***T. montana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trochocarpa montana***<br>J.B.Williams & J.T.Hunter | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Trochocarpa* sp. A | |


title: Trochocerithium shikoensis

abstract: Trochocerithium shikoensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Plesiotrochidae.

text:
# Trochocerithium shikoensis

***Trochocerithium shikoensis*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Plesiotrochidae.

## InfoBox

| Trochocerithium shikoensis | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Family: | Plesiotrochidae |
| Genus: | *Trochocerithium* |
| Species: | ***T. shikoense*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trochocerithium shikoense***<br>(Yokoyama, 1928) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| List * *Cerithiopsis excelsum* Yokoyama, 1928 * *Cerithiopsis shikoensis* Yokoyama, 1928 * *Orectospira shikoensis* (Yokoyama, 1928) * *Trochocerithium gloriamaris* Beets, 1950 | |


title: Trochoceras

abstract: Trochoceras is a genus of trochoidally coiled nautiloid cephalopods placed in the nautilid family Rutoceratidae that lived during the Middle and Late Devonian in what is now central Europe. The Trochoceras shell is a narrow, smooth, offset gyrocone consisting of little more than a single whorl, trochoidally grown in the sense of left hand screw. The phragmocone, with chambers, is ovate in cross section; the body or living chamber, quadrangular, with two pairs of winglike processes, one at the aperture and one at its base. The siphuncle is ventral, segments fusiform. Trochoceras resembles the rutoceratid Ptenoceras except the latter has a planar gyroconic shell with narrow projections extending laterally from the body chamber.

text:
# Trochoceras

***Trochoceras*** is a genus of trochoidally coiled nautiloid cephalopods placed in the nautilid family Rutoceratidae that lived during the Middle and Late Devonian in what is now central Europe.

The *Trochoceras* shell is a narrow, smooth, offset gyrocone consisting of little more than a single whorl, trochoidally grown in the sense of left hand screw. The phragmocone, with chambers, is ovate in cross section; the body or living chamber, quadrangular, with two pairs of winglike processes, one at the aperture and one at its base. The siphuncle is ventral, segments fusiform.

*Trochoceras* resembles the rutoceratid *Ptenoceras* except the latter has a planar gyroconic shell with narrow projections extending laterally from the body chamber.

## Species

* *Trochoceras regale* Barrande, 1848
* *Trochoceras davidsoni* Barrande
* *Trochoceras baeri*
* *Trochoceras mccharlesi*

## InfoBox

| *Trochoceras* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Trochoceras regale*, from Lochkov, Czech Republic, at National Museum (Prague) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Cephalopoda |
| Subclass: | Nautiloidea |
| Order: | Nautilida |
| Family: | Rutoceratidae |
| Genus: | *Trochoceras*<br>Barrande, 1848 |
|


title: Luigi Mayer

abstract: Luigi Mayer (1755–1803) was an Italian-German artist and one of the earliest and most important late 18th-century European painters of the Ottoman Empire.

text:
# Luigi Mayer

**Luigi Mayer** (1755–1803) was an Italian-German artist and one of the earliest and most important late 18th-century European painters of the Ottoman Empire.

## Life

Mayer was a close friend of Sir Robert Ainslie, 1st Baronet, a British ambassador to Turkey between 1776 and 1792, and the bulk of his paintings and drawings during this period were commissioned by Ainslie. He travelled extensively through the Ottoman Empire between 1776 and 1794, and became well known for his sketches and paintings of panoramic landscapes of ancient sites from the Balkans to the Greek Islands, Turkey and Egypt, particularly ancient monuments and the Nile. Many of the works were amassed in Ainslie's collection, which was later presented to the British Museum, providing a valuable insight into the Middle East of that period. His wife, Clara Barthold Mayer, worked as his assistant and produced her own paintings.

## Works

*Views in Turkey in Europe and Asia* (from 1801), by Sir Robert Ainslie, was a multi-volume work based on Mayer's drawings. There were plates engraved by William Watts. Thomas Milton was involved, producing aquatints of Egyptian views.

* Mayer, L. (1803). *Views in the Ottoman empire, chiefly in Caramania, a part of Asia Minor hitherto unexplored; with some curious selections from the islands of Rhodes and Cyprus, and the celebrated cities of Corinth, Carthage, and Tripoli; from the original drawings in the possession of Sir R. Ainslie, taken during his embassy to Constantinople, by Luigi Mayer; with historical observations and incidental illustrations of the manners and customs of the natives of the country*. London: R. Bowyer.

## InfoBox

| Luigi Mayer | |
| --- | --- |
| Luigi Mayer | |
| Born | 1 March 1755
Italy |
| Died | 1 January 1803
London |
| Known for | Painter |
| Movement | Orientalist |


title: Trithrinax campestris

abstract: Trithrinax campestris, the caranday palm, is a South American palm tree native of Uruguayan and northeastern Argentine sabanas, where it shares its habitat with Copernicia alba among others and extends also to the summits of mountain ranges of Sierras de Córdoba and Sierras de San Luis. It is a very rustic palm that grows in arid, well drained, rocky soils. Its distinctive features are its compact shape, short green to grayish foliage, and trunk fully hidden by dry dead leaf bases (coat) remaining from several previous seasons.

text:
# Trithrinax campestris

***Trithrinax campestris***, the **caranday palm**, is a South American palm tree native of Uruguayan and northeastern Argentine sabanas, where it shares its habitat with *Copernicia alba* among others and extends also to the summits of mountain ranges of Sierras de Córdoba and Sierras de San Luis. It is a very rustic palm that grows in arid, well drained, rocky soils. Its distinctive features are its compact shape, short green to grayish foliage, and trunk fully hidden by dry dead leaf bases (coat) remaining from several previous seasons.

## Morphology

*Trithrinax campestris* is a monocot flowering palm of relative low height (up to 6 m tall) and 20–25 cm wide stems usually covered by fibrous-spiny remains of earlier foliage which acts as a thick protective coat. Caranday leaves are about 1 m long, palmate, rounded, with a very rigid and spiny petiole.

The leaflet segments are rigid, dark green to a more blue hue, with light green undersides. These are possibly the toughest leaves among Arecaceae. As habitat altitude increases the foliage becomes more grayish, this is typical of mountain carandays. Flowers compose highly branched inflorescences located at the base of the lower living leaves. These contain up to 100 white hermaphrodite flowers 10 to 12 mm wide. This palm flowers in autumn. Fruits ripen towards the end of the next summer. They consist of subspherical yellow brownish drupes, 1 to 2 cm wide, with a thin fleshy mesocarp and a fibrous endocarp. Caranday is monoecious, a feature common to the conifers but rare in angiosperms.

## Habitat

*Trithrinax campestris* prefers well drained, sandy or rocky soils (although it is resistant to extended persistent flooding). It is very resistant to drought, and -9 °C/-15 °C temperatures when not in growing season, although it tends to shed its leaves in these conditions. It is one of the most cold-hardy palms in the world, because it also grows in the mountains of Sierras de Córdoba and Sierras de San Luis; it is known that specimens growing at those elevations tolerate special cold conditions. It has thrived as far north as the British Isles. Seeds germinate quickly, but later growth is mostly slow.

These palms are naturally found in groups, formations of several individuals, or composing large caranday forests where they present strong dominance. Its main environmental threat is deforestation or natural fire, as caranday's thick dry stem coats are highly flammable.

## Usage

Leaves are rich in strong fiber, very resistant to tension. It is extracted to manufacture crafts such as hats, shoes and fans. Whole leaves are cut and used as rudimentary brushes. Fruits are not eaten, however, an alcoholic beverage is prepared locally through their fermentation. Caranday palms are also appreciated and grown worldwide as an easy to keep, cold weather and drought resistant, ornamental small palm. It is besides a good honey-producing plant

## InfoBox

| *Trithrinax campestris* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Trithrinax campestris* in a garden, grown as ornamental palm | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Arecales |
| Family: | Arecaceae |
| Genus: | *Trithrinax* |
| Species: | ***T. campestris*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trithrinax campestris***<br>(Burmeist.) Drude & Griseb. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Copernicia campestris* | |


title: Lucky Lake

abstract: Lucky Lake is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Canaan No. 225 and Census Division No. 7. The Village is located at the junction of Highway 42, Highway 45 and Highway 646 approximately 90 km northeast of Swift Current, Saskatchewan.

text:
# Lucky Lake

**Lucky Lake** (2016 population: 289) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Canaan No. 225 and Census Division No. 7. The Village is located at the junction of Highway 42, Highway 45 and Highway 646 approximately 90 km northeast of Swift Current, Saskatchewan.

## History

Lucky Lake incorporated as a village on November 23, 1920.

## Demographics

Population history
(1981–2016)
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1981 | 333 |  |
| 1986 | 382 | +14.7% |
| 1991 | 341 | −10.7% |
| 1996 | 353 | +3.5% |
| 2001 | 354 | +0.3% |
| 2006 | 295 | −16.7% |
| 2011 | 287 | −2.7% |
| 2016 | 289 | +0.7% |
| *Source: Statistics Canada via Saskatchewan Bureau of Statistics* | | |

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Lucky Lake had a population of 270 living in 127 of its 145 total private dwellings, a change of -6.6% from its 2016 population of 289. With a land area of 0.82 km2 (0.32 sq mi), it had a population density of 329.3/km2 (852.8/sq mi) in 2021.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the Village of Lucky Lake recorded a population of 289 living in 134 of its 154 total private dwellings, a 0.7% change from its 2011 population of 287. With a land area of 0.66 km2 (0.25 sq mi), it had a population density of 437.9/km2 (1,134.1/sq mi) in 2016.

## Economy

Agriculture and agriculture services constitute the largest component of the town's economy. Typical crops grown in the area include durum wheat, spring wheat, peas, lentils, and canola. Flax, beans and mustard are also grown to a lesser extent. Nearby Lake Diefenbaker provides water for irrigation so that additional crops such as potatoes can be grown. Wild West Steelhead, is an aquaculture farm that raises Steelhead Trout in the lake. The company employs many people in its operations that comprise the steps of egg incubation to the production of finished fillets.

In the past, the provincial government's efforts (via a partnership known as SPUDCO) to create a potato growing industry in the province led to local jobs being created to grow and package potatoes. SPUDCO eventually failed and the local potato growing industry has been slow to recover.

## Attractions

50°59′53″N 107°09′00″W / 50.998°N 107.150°W / 50.998; -107.150

## InfoBox

| Lucky Lake | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Village of Lucky Lake | |
| Aerial view of *Lucky Lake* | |
| Lucky LakeLocation of **Lucky Lake** in SaskatchewanLucky LakeLucky Lake (Canada) | |
| Coordinates: 50°59′53″N 107°09′00″W / 50.998°N 107.150°W / 50.998; -107.150 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Saskatchewan |
| Region | Southwest |
| Census division |  |
| Rural Municipality | Canaan No. 225 |
| Post office Founded | March 28, 1908 |
| Incorporated (Village) | November 23, 1920 |
| Government | |
| Type | Municipal |
| Governing body | Lucky Lake Village Council |
| Administrator | Melanie Dyck |
| Area | |
| Land | 0.66 km2 (0.25 sq mi) |
| Population (2016) | |
| Total | 289 |
| Density | 438.7/km2 (1,136/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| Postal code | S0L 1Z0 |
| Area code | 306 |
| Highways | Highway 42
Highway 45

Highway 646 |
| Railway | Canadian National Railway |
|  | |


title: Lucky Larrigan

abstract: Lucky Larrigan is a 1932 American Western film directed by John P. McCarthy and written by McCarthy and Wellyn Totman. The film stars Rex Bell, Helen Foster, Stanley Blystone, Julian Rivero, John Elliott and Gordon De Main. The film was released on December 1, 1932, by Monogram Pictures.

text:
# Lucky Larrigan

***Lucky Larrigan*** is a 1932 American Western film directed by John P. McCarthy and written by McCarthy and Wellyn Totman. The film stars Rex Bell, Helen Foster, Stanley Blystone, Julian Rivero, John Elliott and Gordon De Main. The film was released on December 1, 1932, by Monogram Pictures.

## Plot

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Lucky Larrigan | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | John P. McCarthy |
| Screenplay by | John P. McCarthy
Wellyn Totman |
| Produced by | Trem Carr |
| Starring | Rex Bell
Helen Foster
Stanley Blystone
Julian Rivero
John Elliott
Gordon De Main |
| Cinematography | Archie Stout |
| Edited by | Carl Pierson |
| Production
company | Monogram Pictures |
| Distributed by | Monogram Pictures |
| Release date | * December 1, 1932 (1932-12-01) |
| Running time | 62 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Lucky Lady

abstract: Lucky Lady is a 1975 American comedy-drama film directed by Stanley Donen and starring Liza Minnelli, Gene Hackman, Burt Reynolds and Robby Benson. Its story takes place in 1930 during Prohibition in the United States. The film is notable for serving as a storefront for George Lucas and Gary Kurtz who were looking for crew to assist with the look of Star Wars. Both visited the set during production and were impressed with what they saw. Several of the predominantly British crew were effectively recruited during this visit.

text:
# Lucky Lady

***Lucky Lady*** is a 1975 American comedy-drama film directed by Stanley Donen and starring Liza Minnelli, Gene Hackman, Burt Reynolds and Robby Benson. Its story takes place in 1930 during Prohibition in the United States.

The film is notable for serving as a storefront for George Lucas and Gary Kurtz who were looking for crew to assist with the look of *Star Wars*. Both visited the set during production and were impressed with what they saw. Several of the predominantly British crew were effectively recruited during this visit.

## Plot

Late in the Prohibition era, Claire is an American living in Tijuana, Mexico. After her husband, who owned a dive bar, dies, she wants to return to the United States. Walker Ellis, a loser with whom she has long been having an affair, agrees to help wind up her business in Tijuana, which includes smuggling a last truckload of illegal Mexican immigrants across the border; this does not go according to plan.

Walker is forced to go into business rum running across the border with Kibby Womack, one of those he was trying to smuggle across the border (as Kibby is also in trouble with the U.S. government). Instead of moving the goods overland, Walker hires Billy Mason to captain a sailboat to transport the contraband via water. While Billy is wise to the ways of the sea, he is unwise to the ways of the world. As Walker, Claire, Kibby, and Billy navigate the waters on this venture, they find two inherent risks. The first is the U.S. Coast Guard, led by the irritatingly officious Captain Moseley, who patrols these waters. Moseley and the Coast Guard can do nothing against vessels in international waters unless there is a sign of illegal cargo or a sale of illegal merchandise. Instead, Moseley works to "starve" rum runners, who can only sail up and down the coast, blocked from entering a U.S. port.

The second hazard is other rum runners. While the small players generally leave each other alone, the East Coast mob has sent Christie McTeague to establish a foothold then a stranglehold on the entire West Coast Mexico–U.S. trade. Through it all, Claire has convinced Kibby and an initially reluctant Walker that their three partner business should extend into the bedroom.

## Cast

## Production

### Development

Katz and Huyck at the time were best known for writing *American Graffiti*. Before that film came out they were struggling writers, looking for an original project. While Huyck was in the Army reserves, Katz was in the UCLA library "looking for anything for an idea." She came across an article in *American Mercury* magazine about rumrunners operating off Ensenada during prohibition and, feeling that it had never been used for a film before, started researching the period. When Huyck got out of the army they brought the idea to Mike Gruskoff, a producer, who liked the similarities to *Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid* and agreed to finance them writing it for $75,000

They worked on the script for six months. "It took us a long time to get our characters down," said Katz. "We tried it a lot of different ways. And we did a lot of research into the period and the language."

When they handed the script in, Gruskoff sold the film within eighteen hours to 20th Century Fox for $450,000, which was then a record amount for an original screenplay. They were helped by the fact that *American Graffiti* had since come out and been a huge success.

"Mike Gruskoff was incredible, just incredible at selling a script," said Katz. "He got it immediately to the heads of the studios and he sold it very, very fast."

The producer paid the writers $100,000 of the $450,000.

### Director

The writers wanted Steven Spielberg to direct and he was interested but had made a commitment to do *Jaws*. Eventually Stanley Donen signed. Donen's fee was $600,000, Grusskoff's was $400,000.

Katz said, "our reaction was, Stanley Donen seems so bizarre for this kind of film! Then we realized he's the ideal director because he is really a romantic director, and he can do this kind of character stuff and the kind of humor that the film has."

Some changes to the script were made. "Stanley wanted very much to play up the relationships, the menage-à-trois," said Huyck. "Which was fine with us. The script was probably overloaded with action since we wanted to sell it. Actually, action is boring to write. We have much more fun with dialogue."

"Stanley's big emphasis to us is that you must love the characters," said Katz. "And any place he feels the characters are being lost, he wants us to put in something to develop the characters further. "

### Casting

The writers said their inspiration for the lead characters were Jean Harlow, Clark Gable and Spencer Tracy.

It took 18 months for Donen to cast the film. Donen says this was due to problems with billing, pay and the fact the woman's role was central made it difficult to find male stars to play opposite her.

"We thought the idea of three stars was a terrific notion because it would make *Lucky Lady* very salable and very castable," said Katz. "Ironically, it made it salable, but casting turned out to be a very big problem because one of the three stars was a woman. A lot of male actors didn't want to be in an ensemble piece or a piece with a woman as a strong character."

The only two female stars considered "bankable" at the time were Barbra Streisand and Liza Minnelli. Minnelli was the first star cast, for a minimum of $350,000. Donen originally wanted Paul Newman, who also wanted Spielberg to direct, and Warren Beatty for the lead male roles with production scheduled to begin in October 1974. However the stars could not be locked down.

Later, in November 1974, Burt Reynolds was signed along with George Segal. Huyck said Reynolds "didn't really like doing macho roles, he didn't want to play the tough guy role, he wanted the silly part." Reynolds' fee was reportedly $500,000, Segal's $750,000.

Reynolds said it was "very important" the film was a success "since my last three films went down the tubes."

Segal later dropped out of the project and was quickly replaced with Hackman.

Gene Hackman initially did not want to do the film, but 20th Century Fox kept offering him more and more money. Finally, Fox offered him $1.25 million, and according to talent agent Sue Mengers, "it was almost obscene for him not to do the film." "I was seduced," said Hackman.

### Shooting

Filming began in Guaymas, Mexico in February 1975 and finished in July of that year. It was an exceedingly difficult shoot, compounded by the isolation of the location, poor weather, and the fact so much of it was shot on water.

"I remember water," said Minnelli later. "For days. And shrimp. That's all we ate – shrimp. We were stranded. There was no TV, no radio, no American papers. The only way we knew what was going on away from the location was by telephone."

The film went over budget to nearly $13 million. Other estimates put it as high as $22 million.

The artist Lilly Fenichel served as the film's art director.

"I will never make another film on water," said Donen later. "I can't tell you how painful it is."

"I'm going bananas," said Hackman during the shoot. "The work is not satisfying."

Reynolds later recalled:

> I loved Liza Minnelli and Gene Hackman, and I loved the Jack Lemmon kind of character I played, but there were times when I felt Stanley Donen was petrified and lost. Scared of the boats, scared of the explosions, of the gunshots. I'd look at him between takes and he'd be like this \[crouching with hands over his head\]. But the bedroom scene with the three of us was so beautifully done. I remember going to rushes and saying, "This is going to be a winner – it really works." It was a beautifully mounted picture, but the last forty minutes, the battle, was not his kind of film. Nobody knew what was happening and you didn't care for the characters.

### New ending

In the original script, the two male leads were killed by government agents and the final scene happened ten years later with Liza Minnelli's character married to a boring businessman remembering the men she once loved. The writers said when they sold it, "The studio loved the script, and at that point no one objected to the ending."

"One of the first images in our minds when we began to work on the script was the ending," said Katz. "The idea of this woman remembering the two men she loved. We worked backwards from that. To us, the romance of the piece was in the idea of separation and loss.

Because the film was booked in for a Christmas release, Donen only had three months to edit the film. During this time Donen became concerned about the ending, feeling that the film had become much lighter than originally intended, and tried several different ones, including simply cutting off the final ten minutes. He eventually decided the film needed a happy ending and Fox agreed to finance a reshot scene. Because Minnelli was filming *A Matter of Time* in Rome, Donen, Hackman and Reynolds flew to Rome in November and shot a new ending. The ending consisted of the three characters in bed together ten years later.

Huyck and Katz wrote the new ending, albeit reluctantly. "To us the original ending made a comment about the choices a woman has to make. But instead of making it the story of this woman, Stanley has made it a story of three people. That's valid. It's just different from what we originally intended."

Garth Wigan, a Fox executive at the time, later recalled, "We previewed the movie nine times. The 2-hour, 30-minute version was wonderful. Burt Reynolds and Liza Minelli died at the end and everything was set up for them to die. But market research told us they shouldn't die, so we started chopping a bit here, a bit there. We took the seriousness out. The only good preview we had was when the film broke, and Stanley Donen, the director, did a dance for the audience while it was being spliced."

It was decided that the new ending was not suitable, in part due to poor make up. So a third ending was used, which cut off the last ten minutes of the film. "We had four endings and none of them worked," said Donen later.

Minnelli later criticized Donen for taking "out the part that made you feel like the three of us are in peril. I saw the finished picture and I never once was afraid for us. Most of the serious moments were removed too."

Reynolds and Minnelli both criticized the new ending, requesting that the studio show the three different endings to the press. Donen refused and since he had final cut the studio backed him. Donen called Minnelli an "emotional child" for this criticism.

## Release

The film opened on Christmas Day 1975.

### Reception

Roger Ebert gave the film 2 stars out of 4 and called it "a big, expensive, good-looking flop of a movie; rarely is so much effort expended on a movie so inconsequential." Vincent Canby of *The New York Times* called the film "ridiculous without the compensation of being funny or fun. This is difficult to understand, considering the people who are involved." Pauline Kael of *The New Yorker* wrote, "This mercenaries' film is so coarsely conceived it obliterates any emotion, any art." Arthur D. Murphy of *Variety* called the film "strident, forced hokum. Stanley Donen's film caroms from one sequence to another with pointless abandon ... This is a major disappointment." Gene Siskel of the *Chicago Tribune* gave the film 2 stars out of 4 and stated, "There's an arrogance to this project I don't like. Apparently the filmmakers believed that the public would be sufficiently impressed with the antics of Gene, Liza, and Burt that it wouldn't care if the story made sense." Charles Champlin of the *Los Angeles Times* declared, "By squinting hard in the mind's eye, you can almost make out what it was that made 'Lucky Lady' seem worth doing. The movie we actually see is a cynical, vulgar, contrived, mismated, violent, uneven and uninteresting disaster." Gary Arnold of *The Washington Post* wrote, "If you were looking forward to an entertainment with a little class ... 'Lucky Lady' ... is likely to prove a resounding letdown. Despite all the big-time reputations involved, class is the last word that would spring to mind while one was watching the film."

Donen said "on the whole I thought the movie was fun, and it was pretty to look at."

### Box office

The film grossed $2,265,103 in its opening weekend (Thursday to Sunday) from 213 cities. It went on to earn theatrical rentals of $12.1 million in the United States and Canada.

According to Donen the film made a profit. However the director says there's "no doubt" the film "hurt me professionally. It was looked on as a huge failure. And it hurt me personally because of some of the things Liza and Reynolds said to the media."

### Home media

The film went unreleased on DVD until February 1, 2011 via Shout! Factory.

## Additional information

This film was also released under the following titles:

* *Abenteurer auf der Lucky Lady* – West Germany
* *Belali sevgili* – Turkey
* *I tyheri kyria* – Greece (transliterated ISO-LATIN-1 title)
* *In 3 sul Lucky Lady* – Italy
* *Los aventureros de Lucky Lady* – Spain
* *Oh, vilket sjöslag!* – Sweden
* *Os aventureiros de Lucky Lady* – Brazil (TV title)
* *Tre smarte smuglere på 'Lucky Lady'* – Denmark
* *Uma Mulher dos Diabos* – Portugal (imdb display title)
* *Una dama con suerte* – Venezuela
* *Viskiseikkailu Lucky Ladyllä* – Finland

## Soundtrack

* "Empty Bed Blues" – Written by J.C. Johnson, Performed by Bessie Smith
* "Ain't Misbehavin'" – Music by Fats Waller and Harry Brooks, Lyrics by Andy Razaf, Performed by Burt Reynolds
* "A Hot Time in the Old Town" – Music by Theo. A. Metz, Lyrics by Joe Hayden, Performed by Bessie Smith
* "(Get) While the Getting is Good" – Written by John Kander and Fred Ebb, Performed by Liza Minnelli
* "Lucky Lady Montage" – Written by John Kander and Fred Ebb, Performed by Liza Minnelli
* "Lucky Lady (reprise)" – Written by John Kander and Fred Ebb, Performed by Liza Minnelli

## Novelization

A month before the release of the film, Bantam Books issued a tie-in novelization of the screenplay by historical fiction writer Cecelia Holland under the pseudonym "Julia Rood." It achieved some minor notoriety at the time for retaining the original ending, which reflected the earlier draft script from which Holland worked.

## InfoBox

| Lucky Lady | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical poster by Richard Amsel | |
| Directed by | Stanley Donen |
| Written by | Gloria Katz
Willard Huyck |
| Produced by | Michael Gruskoff |
| Starring | Liza Minnelli
Gene Hackman
Burt Reynolds |
| Cinematography | Geoffrey Unsworth |
| Edited by | Peter Boita |
| Music by | Ralph Burns |
| Production
company | Gruskoff/Venture Films |
| Distributed by | 20th Century Fox |
| Release date | * December 25, 1975 (1975-12-25) |
| Running time | 118 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $12.1 million |
| Box office | $24.4 million |


title: True Widow

abstract: True Widow is an American rock band formed in 2007 and based in Dallas, Texas. The band's expansive guitar-driven sound has led them to be cited as "drop-tuned, slow, repetitive, heavy, dreamy, and undeniably ear-wormy". True Widow has been known for contrasting alternation between male and female vocals. To date, the band has released four albums, their eponymous album True Widow (2008), As High As the Highest Heavens and From the Center to the Circumference of the Earth (2011), Circumambulation (2013), and after extensive touring, they released Avvolgere (2016).

text:
# True Widow

**True Widow** is an American rock band formed in 2007 and based in Dallas, Texas. The band's expansive guitar-driven sound has led them to be cited as "drop-tuned, slow, repetitive, heavy, dreamy, and undeniably ear-wormy". True Widow has been known for contrasting alternation between male and female vocals. To date, the band has released four albums, their eponymous album *True Widow* (2008), *As High As the Highest Heavens and From the Center to the Circumference of the Earth* (2011), *Circumambulation* (2013), and after extensive touring, they released *Avvolgere* (2016).

## Biography

Phillips formerly served guitar and lead vocal duties in the more indie rock-oriented Dallas band Slowride. Following the disbandment of Slowride, he soon decided to take a break from music, and moved away from his native Texas to Massachusetts where he shifted his focus to wood art exclusively for two years. After returning to Dallas, Phillips had aspired to a heavier sound and recruited Estill as a singer-bassist, with Starks on drums, and then they formed True Widow. The band, which describes its own style of slow, heavy, cerebral music as "stonegaze", or dubbed "doomgaze" by the media, formed in November 2007.

True Widow's self-titled debut album was released in 2008 on the Texas independent record label, End Sounds.

They toured the US in early 2011 opening for Surfer Blood and …And You Will Know Us by the Trail of Dead, and later in 2011 opening for Boris and Asobi Seksu.

On May 26, 2011, True Widow released their second record titled *As High As the Highest Heavens and From the Center to the Circumference of the Earth*, via Kemado Records. *BBC* music critic, Mike Diver, wrote that "taking cues from grunge, slowcore, stoner-rock and shoegaze, the Texan trio have crafted a nine-track opus which is as exquisite of elegant detail as it is exemplary of skull-rumbling riff".

In May 2012, they toured with Kurt Vile.

True Widow's third album, *Circumambulation*, was released in July 2013 on Relapse Records, which signed the band in January 2013. It was recorded in November 2012 at the Echo Lab studio in Argyle, Texas, with record producer and sound engineer Matt Pence, who also produced their sophomore album.

On September 23, 2016, the group released their fourth album, *Avvolgere*, via Relapse Records, which was recorded by Matt Pence.

## Discography

### Albums

* *True Widow* (End Sounds, 2008)
* *As High As the Highest Heavens and From the Center to the Circumference of the Earth* (Kemado, 2011)
* *Circumambulation* (Relapse, 2013)
* *Avvolgere* (Relapse, 2016)

### EPs

* *I.N.O.* (12") (Kemado, 2011)
* *Violitionist Sessions* (Violitionist Sessions, 2011)

### Singles

* "Skull Eyes" (promo CD) (Kemado, 2011)

### Music videos

* "AKA" (2009) (filmed in Sweden)
* "Skull Eyes" (2011)
* "S:H:S" (2013)
* "Theurgist" (2016)
* "F. W. T. S: L. T. M." (2016)

## InfoBox

| True Widow | |
| --- | --- |
| True Widow, performing live in Berlin in 2010, from left to right: Nicole Estill, Timothy Starks and Dan Phillips | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Dallas, Texas, United States |
| Genres | Stoner rock, shoegazing, slowcore, post-rock, doom metal, occult rock |
| Years active | 2007–present |
| Labels | Kemado, Relapse, End Sounds |
|  | |
| Members | Dan "D.H." Phillips
Nicole Estill
Timothy "Slim" Starks |


title: Lucy Theis

abstract: Dame Lucy Morgan Theis DBE KC, styled The Hon. Mrs. Justice Theis, is a judge of the High Court of England and Wales. She was educated at the University of Birmingham. She was called to the Bar by Gray's Inn in 1982 and took Silk in 2003. She was appointed a Recorder in 2000 and was approved to sit as a deputy High Court Judge. Between 2005 and 2010 she was the head of Field Court Chambers in London and was Chair of the Family Law Bar Association in 2008 until 2009. Theis was appointed to be a High Court Judge in 2010 and in 2011 she was appointed a Family Division Liaison Judge on the South Eastern Circuit, in this role There had responsibility for Kent, Surrey and Sussex and later for London and Thames Valley. Since 2018 she has chaired the Family Procedure Rules Committee and the Family Justice Council and is the lead judge in relation to applications under the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008. Mrs Justice Theis was appointed as the Senior Family Liaison Judge for a four-year period from October 2018.

text:
# Lucy Theis

**Dame Lucy Morgan Theis** DBE KC (born 6 November 1960), styled **The Hon. Mrs. Justice Theis**, is a judge of the High Court of England and Wales.

She was educated at the University of Birmingham (LLB, 1981). She was called to the Bar by Gray's Inn in 1982 and took Silk in 2003. She was appointed a Recorder in 2000 and was approved to sit as a deputy High Court Judge.

Between 2005 and 2010 she was the head of Field Court Chambers in London and was Chair of the Family Law Bar Association in 2008 until 2009. Theis was appointed to be a High Court Judge in 2010 and in 2011 she was appointed a Family Division Liaison Judge on the South Eastern Circuit, in this role There had responsibility for Kent, Surrey and Sussex and later for London and Thames Valley.

Since 2018 she has chaired the Family Procedure Rules Committee and the Family Justice Council and is the lead judge in relation to applications under the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008.

Mrs Justice Theis was appointed as the Senior Family Liaison Judge for a four-year period from October 2018.

## Notable cases

In August 2022, Theis heard one of the cases regarding Archie Battersbee and the withdrawal of his life support.

## InfoBox

| The HonourableMrs Justice Theis | |
| --- | --- |
| Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom | |
|  | |
| Justice of the High Court | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office** <br>15 November 2010 | |
| Appointed by | Elizabeth II |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1960-11-06) 6 November 1960 |
| Alma mater | University of Birmingham |
|  | |


title: Trust Fall (Side B)

abstract: Trust Fall is the fifth EP by rock band Incubus. It was released on April 17, 2020. Side B serves as a sequel to Trust Fall, which was released in 2015. It is the last studio material with bassist Ben Kenney before his departure in 2024.

text:
# Trust Fall (Side B)

***Trust Fall (Side B)*** is the fifth EP by rock band Incubus. It was released on April 17, 2020. Side B serves as a sequel to *Trust Fall (Side A)*, which was released in 2015. It is the last studio material with bassist Ben Kenney before his departure in 2024.

## Reception

On October 5, 2019, Jim Shahen Jr. of the *Times-Union* commented that the single "Into the Summer" had a "sinewy post-disco vibe \[that\] fits perfectly in the modern rock landscape", further noting that it highlighted the band's "ability to move past its beginnings as a Faith No More-inspired rap-metal hybrid." Adam Grundy of *Chorus.fm* wrote on April 17, 2020 that "what I have always appreciated about this band is that they never make the same record twice." He added, "this record is no exception to this rule, as Incubus continues to cover new ground."

## Track listing

*Trust Fall (Side B)* track listing
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Karma, Come Back" | 4:28 |
| 2. | "Our Love" | 3:09 |
| 3. | "Into the Summer" | 4:18 |
| 4. | "On Without Me" | 4:49 |
| 5. | "Paper Cuts" | 3:02 |
| Total length: | | 19:46 |

## Personnel

**Incubus**

## Charts

Chart performance for *Trust Fall (Side B)*
| Chart (2020) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Independent Albums (*Billboard*) | 28 |
| US Top Album Sales (*Billboard*) | 11 |
| US Top Current Album Sales (*Billboard*) | 11 |
| US Top Alternative Albums (*Billboard*) | 16 |
| US Top Rock Albums (*Billboard*) | 37 |

## InfoBox

| Trust Fall (Side B) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Incubus | |
| Released | April 17, 2020 (2020-04-17) |
| Recorded | 2019 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 19:46 |
| Label | Island |
| Producer | Incubus |
| Incubus chronology | |
|
(2017) ***Trust Fall (Side B)***
(2020) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Trust Fall (Side B)* | |
| 1. "Into the Summer"
Released: August 22, 2019 2. "Our Love"
Released: January 31, 2020 | |
|  | |


title: Ludwig Schlesinger

abstract: Ludwig Schlesinger, was a German mathematician known for the research in the field of linear differential equations.

text:
# Ludwig Schlesinger

**Ludwig Schlesinger** (Hungarian: Lajos Schlesinger, Slovak Ľudovít Schlesinger), (1 November 1864  15 December 1933) was a German mathematician known for the research in the field of linear differential equations.

## Biography

Schlesinger attended the high school in Pressburg and later studied physics and mathematics in Heidelberg and Berlin. In 1887 he received his PhD (Über lineare homogene Differentialgleichungen vierter Ordnung, zwischen deren Integralen homogene Relationen höheren als ersten Grades bestehen.) His thesis advisors were Lazarus Immanuel Fuchs and Leopold Kronecker. In 1889 he became an associate professor at Berlin; in 1897 an invited professor in Bonn and in the same year, a full professor at the University of Kolozsvár, Hungary (now Cluj, Romania). From 1911 he was professor at the University of Giessen, where he taught until 1930. His daughter Hildegard Lewy (1903–1969), became an Assyriologist and academic. In 1933 he was forced to retire by the Nazis. He died shortly afterwards. His doctoral students include Abraham Plessner.

Schlesinger was a historian of science. He wrote an article on the function theory of Carl Friedrich Gauss and translated René Descartes' *La Géométrie* into German (1894). He was one of the organizers of the celebrations for the hundredth anniversary of János Bolyai and from 1904 to 1909 with R. Fuchs he collected the works of his teacher Lazarus Fuchs, who was also his father-in-law. In 1902 he became a corresponding member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. In 1909 he received the Lobachevsky Prize.

From 1929 until his death he was co-editor of *Crelle's Journal*.

Like his teacher Fuchs, he worked primarily on linear ordinary differential equations. His two-volume *Handbuch der Theorie der Linearen Differentialgleichungen* was published from 1895 to 1898 in Teubner in Leipzig (Vol.2 in two parts). He also published *Einführung in die Theorie der gewöhnlichen Differentialgleichungen auf funktionentheoretischer Grundlage* (Auflage, 1922), *Vorlesungen über lineare Differentialgleichungen* (1908) and *Automorphe Funktionen* (Gruyter, 1924). In 1909 he wrote a long report for the annual report of the German Mathematical Society on the history of linear differential equations since 1865. He also studied differential geometry, and wrote a book of lectures on Albert Einstein's general relativity theory.

Today, his best known work is *Über eine Klasse von Differentialsystemen beliebiger Ordnung mit festen kritischen Punkten* (Crelle's Journal, 1912). There he considered the problem of isomonodromy deformations for a certain matrix Fuchsian equation; this is a special case of Hilbert's 21st Problem (existence of differential equations with prescribed monodromy). The paper introduced what are today called Schlesinger transformations and Schlesinger equations.

The article was created as a translation (by Google) of the corresponding article in German Wikipedia.

## InfoBox

| Ludwig Schlesinger | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1864-11-01)1 November 1864
Tyrnau, Hungary |
| Died | 15 December 1933(1933-12-15) (aged 69)
Giessen, Hesse |
| Other names | Lajos Schlesinger |


title: Ludwig Schmidt

abstract: Ludwig Schmidt was a German historian and librarian at the Saxon State and University Library Dresden. He is best known for his magnum opus, Die Geschichte der deutschen Stämme bis zum Ausgang der Völkerwanderung (1904-1918), which up to the present day remains the standard reference work on the history of the Germanic peoples in the Migration Period.

text:
# Ludwig Schmidt

**Ludwig Schmidt** (18 July 1862 – 10 March 1944) was a German historian and librarian at the Saxon State and University Library Dresden. He is best known for his magnum opus, *Die Geschichte der deutschen Stämme bis zum Ausgang der Völkerwanderung* (1904-1918), which up to the present day remains the standard reference work on the history of the Germanic peoples in the Migration Period.

## Biography

Ludwig Schmidt was born in Dresden, Kingdom of Saxony on 18 July 1862. He studied history at Leipzig University from 1881 to 1884, during which he developed an interest in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Wilhelm Arndt and Heinrich Bernhard Christian Brandes were among his professors. His 1884 dissertation was on the history of the Lombards. After his graduation, Schmidt was employed by the Saxon State and University Library Dresden, where he was appointed Senior Librarian in 1919 and Deputy Director in 1921. He received the title of Professor in 1907, was soon afterwards made Corresponding Member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences and Full Member of the Saxon Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Schmidt received the Knight's Cross 1st Class of the Albert Order in 1910. He retired on 31 December 1925.

## Research

Ludwig Schmidt specialized in the history of the Germanic peoples during the Migration Period. His magnum opus, *Die Geschichte der deutschen Stämme bis zum Ausgang der Völkerwanderung*, was published in 1904–1918. It has since been revised and republished in numerous editions. In the second edition published in 1934, which disagrees with Nazi theories, Schmidt spoke out against the politicization of history by the Nazi authorities. Schmidt's book is based almost entirely on primary sources, on which Schmidt had gained a complete overview during his time as a university librarian. From the early 20th century up to modern times, his book has been an essential resource for historians on the history of the Germanic peoples during the Migration Period. The book is listed by the *Oxford Classical Dictionary* (2012) as a primary resource on the Germanic peoples.

## Sources

* Drinkwater, John Frederick (2012). "Germans". In Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (eds.). *The Oxford Classical Dictionary* (4 ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 613. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199545568.001.0001. ISBN 9780191735257.
* Heather, Peter (1994). *Goths and Romans 332–489*. Oxford Scholarship Online. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205357.001.0001. ISBN 9780198205357.
* Kulikowski, Michael (2006). *Rome's Gothic Wars: From the Third Century to Alaric*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1139458092.
* Springer, Matthias \[in German\] (2004). "Schmidt". *Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde* (in German). Vol. 27. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 190–193. ISBN 3110181169.
* Eigenwill, Reinhardt (1 December 2011). "Ludwig Schmidt". *Sächsische Biografie* (in German). Institut für Sächsische Geschichte und Volkskunde. Retrieved August 30, 2020.

## InfoBox

| Ludwig Schmidt | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1862-07-18)18 July 1862
Dresden, Kingdom of Saxony |
| Died | 10 March 1944(1944-03-10) (aged 81)
Dresden, Germany |
| Nationality | German |
| Awards | Knight's Cross 1st Class of the Albert Order (1910) |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater |  |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | History |
| Institutions |  |
| Main interests | History of the Germanic peoples during the Migration Period |
| Notable works | *Die Geschichte der deutschen Stämme bis zum Ausgang der Völkerwanderung* (1904-1918) |
|  | |