title: 167th Airlift Squadron

abstract: The 167th Airlift Squadron is a unit of the West Virginia Air National Guard 167th Airlift Wing located at Shepherd Field Air National Guard Base, Martinsburg, West Virginia. It is equipped with the C-17 Globemaster III, heavy airlifter.

text:
# 167th Airlift Squadron

The **167th Airlift Squadron (167 AS)** is a unit of the West Virginia Air National Guard 167th Airlift Wing located at Shepherd Field Air National Guard Base, Martinsburg, West Virginia. It is equipped with the C-17 Globemaster III, heavy airlifter.

## History

### World War II

*see: 359th Fighter Group for full World War II history*

Organized and trained in New England during 1943. Moved to England in January 1944, being assigned to VIII Fighter Command. Entered combat in Spring 1944, supported the invasion of Normandy during June 1944 by patrolling the English Channel, escorting bombardment formations to the French coast, and dive-bombing and strafing bridges, locomotives, and rail lines near the battle area. After D-Day, engaged chiefly in escorting bombers to oil refineries, marshalling yards, and other targets in such cities as Ludwigshafen, Stuttgart, Frankfurt, Berlin, Merseburg, and Brux. Continued combat operations until the German capitulation in May 1945. Returned to the United States and was inactivated in November 1945.

### West Virginia Air National Guard

The Air National Guard designated the State of West Virginia as the resident state for the fighter squadron. On 24 May 1946, Charleston's Kanawha Airport became the home base for the renamed 167th Fighter Squadron. The unit reactivated on 5 January 1947 and federally recognized effective 7 March 1947. The assigned strength: 19 officers and 35 airmen. Within six months, the unit attained full manning strength. Early aircraft included the T-6 Trainer, the F-47 Thunderbolt and the F-51 Mustang. The name, mission, size and even the site changed over the next 60 years, but the numbers "167" have remained constant with the West Virginia Air National Guard.

On 10 October 1950, the unit and all personnel were sworn in for 21 months of active duty during the Korean War. Most personnel and all aircraft became part of the 123d Fighter-Bomber Wing, located at Godman AFB, Kentucky. Some members transferred to RAF Manston near London, England, flying F-84 Thunderjet aircraft. Other seasoned (experienced) pilots transferred to Far East Air Force for combat duty in the Korean War.

Released from active duty on 9 July 1952, the 167th Fighter Interceptor Squadron returned to Charleston, West Virginia and the F-51 Mustang aircraft. The unit name changed to the 167th Fighter Bomber Squadron on 1 December 1952.

Because of limitations at Kanawha Airport at that time, that could not accommodate jet aircraft, a search for a new home in West Virginia began. Two sites considered were Beckley and Martinsburg. The cost of improvements at Beckley came to $5,978,000 and for Martinsburg $3,093,000. Though Beckley campaigned hard, Martinsburg received approval as the new site on 21 September 1955. Martinsburg had to raise funds to purchase the 200 acres needed to expand the runway. Two hundred citizens signed notes, totaling over $160,000, to guarantee sufficient money for buying the land until a bond issue could be voted on by the citizens. The official move came on 3 December 1955, when the 167th left Charleston and opened on 4 December 1955 at Martinsburg. Shortly thereafter, equipment moved to the new site and active recruiting commenced to achieve full authorized personnel strength.

New construction and the increase of manpower continued in 1956. The aircraft assigned included the F-51 Mustang, T-6 Trainer, and a C-47 Skytrain. The immediate need became to recruit 70 airmen and 10 officers. By 1956, manning grew to a strength of 399 airmen and 44 officers. The 167th Fighter Interceptor Squadron dedicated its new facilities on 4 October 1958. On 10 November 1958, the unit became the 167th Tactical Fighter Squadron and a member of the Tactical Air Command.

In 1956 and 1957, the unit flew F-51 Mustangs and T-28's. The 167th was the last Air National Guard squadron flying the F-51 Mustang. Following a two-year construction phase the unit received single engine jet fighter/interceptors, the F-86 Sabre.

In an announcement on 31 January 1961, the 167th learned it would gain change aircraft. On 1 April, the unit received C-119 Flying Boxcars, manufactured by Fairchild. A new mission and name change also took effect: The 167th Aeromedical Transport Squadron, Light. The mission became evacuation and care of the sick and wounded. The changes resulted in an increase of manpower and the addition of nurses to the unit. The authorized strength had grown to 572 total airmen and officers.

Aircraft changes in 1963 saw the arrival of the C-121 Super Constellation with its worldwide operating capability. Staffing increased to 604 enlisted and 107 officers. Overseas missions flown to Puerto Rico, the Azores, France, England, West Germany, Spain and Bermuda were not uncommon. The unit began flying missions to the Pacific areas in 1965 and 1966. During 1966, the Super Constellations made 103 overseas flights, including 26 to South Vietnam and 77 to other outpost such as Thailand, Australia, Japan and the Philippines, carrying 1198 tons of military cargo and 1390 passengers.

The unit anticipated that it would be inactivated 1 July 1967, since no projected program had been specified beyond that date. A new campaign began to find new aircraft, a new mission or to justify continuance of the old mission. Senator Robert C. Byrd became active in securing a new mission. An announcement in December stated that the unit would be assigned an aeromedical aircraft mission, thus keeping the unit alive. Nurses became a particularly critical specialty during this period. New construction included an engine build-up shop, squadron operations building, maintenance dock, civil engineering and aerospace ground equipment buildings.

In 1972, the unit began the transition into the Lockheed C-130 Hercules and, as a result, another new mission. In June of that year, the unit became the 167th Tactical Airlift Group and moved from the Military Airlift Command to the Tactical Airlift Command. Late in 1977, the unit received "B" model C-130s. The 1986, the number of aircraft assigned increased, and in 1989, the "B" model was replaced with the "E" model.

1 June 1992, saw the unit's name change again. This time, the 167th Tactical Airlift Group became the 167th Airlift Group. Reorganization placed the unit in the Air Mobility Command. Other activities involving the unit were hosting of the Apple Harvest Festival in October, a Volant Oak rotation in October and November and the involvement of aircraft and crews with Operation Provide Promise. Provide Promise support took place from July 1992 to January 1993.

In 1995, the unit began conversion training for the C-130H-3 in the first quarter and transferred most of the "E" models to the Illinois Air National Guard 182d Airlift Wing, Peoria, Illinois. The unit celebrated its 40th anniversary on 10 June 1995 with an open house and dance.

The 167th Airlift Group was redesignated the 167th Airlift Wing on 1 October 1995. The 167th Airlift Squadron was reassigned to the new 167th Operations Group under the objective wing structure of the new Wing.

Since the 11 September 2001, terrorist attacks on New York City and Washington, D.C., the unit has had members deployed to the four corners of the world in support of Operations ENDURING FREEDOM and IRAQI FREEDOM. Unit members have received six Bronze Stars and two Purple Hearts in support of these operations.

In March 2002, West Virginia Senator Robert Byrd announced that the unit would transition to the C-5 Galaxy aircraft. On 4 December 2006 the first C-5 aircraft assigned to the unit landed at Shepherd Field. Ten more aircraft were assigned to the squadron.

On 28 March 2007 the unit launched its first C-5 mission from Shepherd Air Field. After a brief stop at Dover Air Force Base, the aircraft continued on to Camp Lemonier, Djibouti, Africa, delivering two CH-53E Super Stallion helicopters (used for humanitarian assistance, personnel and equipment movement, and noncombatant casualty evacuations) and more than 60 marines supporting Combined Joint Task Force – Horn of Africa.

Recently, the 167th Airlift Wing was tasked to provide transportation for NASA's Ares I-X Crew Module, Launch Abort System Simulator, and related equipment. On 27 January 2009 the unit launched a C-5 aircraft to the Shuttle Landing Facility located at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia. The crew loaded a 70-foot trailer carrying the Launch Abort System and a 50-foot trailer carrying the Crew Module. The cargo was delivered to the Kennedy Space Center in Florida the following day.

Since 2003, approximately $280,000,000 has been utilized in the C-5 facility conversion program. These projects include site prep, an air control tower, a flight simulator facility, ramp and hydrant upgrades, a corrosion control hangar, a fuel cell hangar, runway upgrades and extensions, a fire station, a supply warehouse, apron and jet fuel storage, taxiway upgrades, and a new squadron operations facility is in progress.

### Lineage

* Constituted **369th Fighter Squadron** on 20 December 1942

Activated on 15 January 1943 Inactivated on 10 November 1945 * Re-designated **167th Fighter Squadron**, and allotted to West Virginia ANG, on 24 May 1946.

Received federal recognition on 7 March 1947 Federalized and placed on active duty, 10 October 1950 Re-designated: **167th Fighter-Bomber Squadron** on 10 October 1950 Federalized and placed on active duty, 10 October 1950 Released from active duty and returned to West Virginia state control, 10 July 1952 Re-designated: **167th Tactical Fighter Squadron** on 10 November 1958 Re-designated: **167th Aeromedical Transport Squadron, Light**, 1 April 1961 Re-designated **167th Air Transport Squadron**, 18 January 1964 Re-designated **167th Military Airlift Squadron**, 1 January 1966 Re-designated **167th Aeromedical Airlift Squadron**, 1 August 1967 Re-designated: **167th Tactical Airlift Squadron**, 1 July 1972 Re-designated: **167th Airlift Squadron**, 1 June 1992

### Assignments

### Stations

### Aircraft

This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

* Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) \[1969\]. *Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II* (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556.

## InfoBox

| 167th Airlift Squadron | |
| --- | --- |
| 167th Airlift Squadron Lockheed C-5A Galaxy 70-0452 landing at Shepherd Field, Martinsburg | |
| Active | 1943–Present |
| Country | United States |
| Branch | Air National Guard |
| Type | Squadron |
| Role | Strategic Airlift |
| Part of | West Virginia Air National Guard |
| Garrison/HQ | Shepherd Field Air National Guard Base, Martinsburg, West Virginia |
| Tail Code | Martinsburg |
| Engagements | World War II |
| Insignia | |
| 167th Airlift Squadron emblem |  |


title: 1901 Iowa gubernatorial election

abstract: The 1901 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1901. Republican nominee Albert B. Cummins defeated Democratic nominee T. J. Phillips with 58.09% of the vote.

text:
# 1901 Iowa gubernatorial election

The **1901 Iowa gubernatorial election** was held on November 5, 1901. Republican nominee Albert B. Cummins defeated Democratic nominee T. J. Phillips with 58.09% of the vote.

## General election

### Candidates

**Major party candidates**

* Albert B. Cummins, Republican
* T. J. Phillips, Democratic

**Other candidates**

### Results

1901 Iowa gubernatorial election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Albert B. Cummins** | **226,902** | **58.09%** |  |
|  | Democratic | T. J. Phillips | 143,783 | 36.81% |  |
|  | Prohibition | A. U. Coates | 15,659 | 4.01% |  |
|  | Socialist | James Baxter | 3,463 | 0.89% |  |
|  | Populist | Luman Hamlin Weller | 782 | 0.20% |  |
| Majority | | | 83,119 |  |  |
| Turnout | | |  |  |  |
|  | Republican **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

## InfoBox

1901 Iowa gubernatorial election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee **Albert B. Cummins** T. J. Phillips   Party Republican Democratic  Popular vote **226,902** 143,783  Percentage **58.09%** 36.81% | |
| ---  County results
**Cummins:**      40-50%      50-60%      60-70%      70-80%      80-90%
**Phillips:**      40-50%      50-60% | |
| ---  **Governor before election**
L. M. Shaw
Republican **Elected Governor**
Albert B. Cummins
Republican | |


title: 1871 in science

abstract: The year 1871 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

text:
# 1871 in science

The year **1871 in science** and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

## Astronomy and space sciences

* October 5 – The *Società degli Spettroscopisti Italiani* (later*Società Astronomica Italiana*) is established in Rome, the first scientific organisation in the world dedicated to astrophysics.

## Exploration

## Physics

## Physiology and medicine

## Technology

## Publications

## Awards

## Births

## Deaths

## InfoBox

| List of years in science (table) |
| --- |
|  |
| *+...* |


title: 1898 Danish Folketing election

text:
# 1898 Danish Folketing election

Folketing elections were held in Denmark on 5 April 1898.

## Results

|  | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
|  | Venstre Reform Party | 98,070 |  | 63 | +10 |
|  | Højre | 58,755 |  | 16 | –9 |
|  | Moderate Venstre | 36,395 |  | 23 | –4 |
|  | Social Democratic Party | 31,870 |  | 12 | +4 |
| Total | |  | | 114 | 0 |
|  | | | | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 398,515 | 59.8 |  | |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver (voters/turnout) | | | | | |

* Bang, I. M.; Elberling, Vilhelm (1911). *Rigsdagsvalgene 1895-1910. En historisk-statistisk oversigt* (in Danish). Copenhagen: Engelsen & Schrøder. pp. 15–16.

## InfoBox

1898 Danish Folketing election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  All 114 seats in the Folketing<br>58 seats needed for a majority | |
| Party Leader Seats +/–  Venstre  63 +10  Højre  16 −9  Moderate Venstre  23 −4  Social Democrats Peter Christian Knudsen 12 +4   This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below. | |


title: 1898 County Championship

abstract: The 1898 County Championship was the ninth officially organised running of the County Championship, and ran from 9 May to 3 September 1898. Yorkshire County Cricket Club won their third championship title, with Middlesex finishing as runners-up for the first time. In April, John Tunnicliffe and Jack Brown of Yorkshire, set a then-record partnership for any wicket of 554, against Derbyshire at Queen's Park, Chesterfield.

text:
# 1898 County Championship

The **1898 County Championship** was the ninth officially organised running of the County Championship, and ran from 9 May to 3 September 1898. Yorkshire County Cricket Club won their third championship title, with Middlesex finishing as runners-up for the first time.

In April, John Tunnicliffe and Jack Brown of Yorkshire, set a then-record partnership for any wicket of 554, against Derbyshire at Queen's Park, Chesterfield.

## Table

* One point was awarded for a win, and one point was taken away for each loss. Final placings were decided by dividing the number of points earned by the number of completed matches (i.e., those that ended in a win or a loss) and multiplying by 100.

| Team | Pld |  |  |  |  | Pts | Fin | %Fin |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Yorkshire | 26 | 16 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 13 | 19 | **68.42** |
| Middlesex | 18 | 10 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 7 | 13 | **53.85** |
| Gloucestershire | 20 | 9 | 3 | 8 | 0 | 6 | 12 | **50.00** |
| Surrey | 26 | 11 | 4 | 9 | 2 | 7 | 15 | **46.67** |
| Essex | 20 | 10 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 16 | **25.00** |
| Lancashire | 26 | 9 | 6 | 11 | 0 | 3 | 15 | **20.00** |
| Kent | 20 | 5 | 6 | 9 | 0 | –1 | 11 | **–9.09** |
| Nottinghamshire | 16 | 1 | 2 | 13 | 0 | –1 | 3 | **–33.33** |
| Derbyshire | 16 | 2 | 6 | 7 | 1 | –4 | 8 | **–50.00** |
| Sussex | 20 | 3 | 9 | 8 | 0 | –6 | 12 | **–50.00** |
| Warwickshire | 18 | 2 | 6 | 9 | 1 | –4 | 8 | **–50.00** |
| Hampshire | 18 | 2 | 8 | 8 | 0 | –6 | 10 | **–60.00** |
| Leicestershire | 16 | 1 | 10 | 5 | 0 | –9 | 11 | **–81.82** |
| Somerset | 16 | 1 | 10 | 5 | 0 | –9 | 11 | **–81.82** |
| Source: CricketArchive | | | | | | | | | |

## Records

| Most runs  Aggregate Average Player County  1,832 57.25 Bobby Abel Surrey  1,801 39.15 Johnny Tyldesley Lancashire  1,604 59.40 C. B. Fry Sussex  1,538 46.60 John Tunnicliffe Yorkshire  1,468 43.17 Bill Brockwell Surrey  Source: | Most wickets  Aggregate Average Player County  130 20.00 Charlie Townsend Gloucestershire  126 13.84 Wilfred Rhodes Yorkshire  126 21.29 Tom Richardson Surrey  125 14.76 Jack Hearne Middlesex  109 17.06 William Lockwood Surrey  Source: |
| --- | --- |

http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Seasons/ENG/1898\_ENG\_County\_Championship\_1898.html

## InfoBox

1898 County Championship
| Cricket format | First-class cricket (3 days) |
| --- | --- |
| Tournament format(s) | League system |
| Champions | Yorkshire (3rd title) |
| Participants | 14 |
| Matches | 138 |
| Most runs | Bobby Abel  (1,832 for Surrey) |
| Most wickets | Charlie Townsend  (130 for Gloucestershire) |
|


title: 1898 Dartmouth football team

abstract: The 1898 Dartmouth football team represented Dartmouth College in the 1898 college football season. Despite finishing with a losing record, the 1898 Dartmouth team was regarded by some eastern sportswriters, most notably Outing, to be the best fielded by head coach William Wurtenburg. Against an expanded schedule, the squad went only 5–6, but managed to outscore their opponents by a total of 205–137. The year began with a defeat of regular opponent Phillips Exeter Academy, and was followed by a shutout loss to Harvard. After two consecutive wins over nearby schools, Dartmouth lost to former Triangular Football League opponent Wesleyan, 23–5. The following two contests were against Triangular Football League opponents Amherst and Williams. The latter game was regarded as Dartmouth's most significant game of the season by eastern sportswriters, since Williams had hired two new coaches and expanded practices in order to win the conference in 1898. Dartmouth outdid Williams, however, and defeated them 10–6 to claim a sixth straight conference championship. The season ended on a sour note with four straight losses on the road, two of them coming against Midwestern teams.

text:
# 1898 Dartmouth football team

1898 Triangular Football League standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | T |  |  | W |  | L |  | T |
| Dartmouth $ | 2 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  |  | 5 |  | 6 |  | 0 |
| Amherst | 1 |  | 1 |  | 0 |  |  | 4 |  | 5 |  | 1 |
| Williams | 0 |  | 2 |  | 0 |  |  | 3 |  | 8 |  | 0 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| * $  Conference champion | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1898 Dartmouth football team** represented Dartmouth College in the 1898 college football season.

Despite finishing with a losing record, the 1898 Dartmouth team was regarded by some eastern sportswriters, most notably *Outing*, to be the best fielded by head coach William Wurtenburg. Against an expanded schedule, the squad went only 5–6, but managed to outscore their opponents by a total of 205–137. The year began with a defeat of regular opponent Phillips Exeter Academy, and was followed by a shutout loss to Harvard. After two consecutive wins over nearby schools, Dartmouth lost to former Triangular Football League opponent Wesleyan, 23–5. The following two contests were against Triangular Football League opponents Amherst and Williams. The latter game was regarded as Dartmouth's most significant game of the season by eastern sportswriters, since Williams had hired two new coaches and expanded practices in order to win the conference in 1898. Dartmouth outdid Williams, however, and defeated them 10–6 to claim a sixth straight conference championship. The season ended on a sour note with four straight losses on the road, two of them coming against Midwestern teams.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| October 1 |  | Phillips Exeter Academy* | Hanover, NH | W 23–5 |  |  |
| October 8 | 3:00 p.m. | at Harvard* |  | L 0–21 |  |  |
| October 15 |  | Bowdoin* | Hanover, NH | W 35–6 |  |  |
| October 22 |  | at Vermont* |  | W 45–6 |  |  |
| October 29 |  | Wesleyan* | * Alumni Oval * Hanover, NH | L 5–23 | 700 |  |
| November 5 |  | at Amherst |  | W 64–6 | 1,000 |  |
| November 12 |  | at Williams | Williamstown, MA | W 10–6 | 1,000 |  |
| November 21 |  | at Brown* |  | L 0–12 | 2,000 |  |
| November 24 |  | at Chicago Athletic Association* |  | L 5–18 |  |  |
| November 26 |  | at Cincinnati* |  | L 12–17 | 1,500 |  |
| Unknown |  | at Carlisle* | Carlisle, PA | L 6–17 |  |  |
| * \*Non-conference game | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 1898 Dartmouth football | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| TFL champion | |
| Conference | Triangular Football League |
| Record | 5–6 (2–0 TFL) |
| Head coach |  |
| Captain | Fred Crolius |
| Home stadium | Alumni Oval |
|


title: 18th Primetime Emmy Awards

abstract: The 18th Emmy Awards, later known as the 18th Primetime Emmy Awards, were handed out on May 22, 1966, at the Hollywood Palladium. The ceremony was hosted by Danny Kaye and Bill Cosby. The top show of the night was The Dick Van Dyke Show, which won its fourth consecutive top series award, and achieved four major wins. The ceremony returned to a more traditional format, after experimenting the previous year.

text:
# 18th Primetime Emmy Awards

The **18th Emmy Awards**, later known as the **18th Primetime Emmy Awards**, were handed out on May 22, 1966, at the Hollywood Palladium. The ceremony was hosted by Danny Kaye and Bill Cosby.

The top show of the night was *The Dick Van Dyke Show*, which won its fourth consecutive top series award, and achieved four major wins. The ceremony returned to a more traditional format, after experimenting the previous year.

## Winners and nominees

Winners are listed in bold and series' networks are in parentheses.

### Programs

Programs
| **Outstanding Comedy Series** | **Outstanding Dramatic Series** |
| --- | --- |
| **Outstanding Variety Series** | **Outstanding Musical Program** |
| **Outstanding Variety Special** | **Outstanding Children's Program** |
| **Achievements in Daytime Programming - Programs** | **Outstanding Dramatic Program** |

### Acting

#### Lead performances

Lead performances
| **Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series*** **Dick Van Dyke as Rob Petrie in *The Dick Van Dyke Show* (CBS)**     + Don Adams as Maxwell Smart in *Get Smart* (NBC)     + Bob Crane as Col. Robert E. Hogan in *Hogan's Heroes* (CBS) | **Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series** |
| --- | --- |
| **Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Dramatic Series** | **Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Dramatic Series** |

#### Supporting performances

Supporting performances
| **Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Comedy** | **Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Comedy** |
| --- | --- |
| **Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Drama** | **Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Drama*** **Lee Grant as Stella Chernak in *Peyton Place* (ABC)**     + Diane Baker as Rachel Brown in *Hallmark Hall of Fame* (NBC) (Episode: "Inherit the Wind")     + Pamela Franklin as Betsy Balcombe in *Hallmark Hall of Fame* (NBC) (Episode: "Eagle in a Cage")     + Jeanette Nolan as Helen Robinson in *I Spy* (NBC) (Episode: "The Conquest of Maude Murdock") |

#### Single performances

Single performances
| **Outstanding Single Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Drama** | **Outstanding Single Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Drama** |
| --- | --- |

### Directing

Directing
| **Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy** | **Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Drama*** ***Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre* (NBC): "The Game" – Sydney Pollack**     + *Hallmark Hall of Fame* (NBC): "Eagle in a Cage" – George Schaefer     + *Hallmark Hall of Fame* (NBC): "Inherit the Wind" – George Schaefer     + *I Spy* (NBC) – Sheldon Leonard |
| --- | --- |
| **Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Variety or Music** | |

### Writing

Writing
| **Outstanding Writing Achievement in Comedy*** ***The Dick Van Dyke Show* (CBS): "Coast to Coast Big Mouth" – Bill Persky and Sam Denoff**     + *The Dick Van Dyke Show* (CBS): "The Ugliest Dog in the World" – Bill Persky and Sam Denoff     + *Get Smart* (NBC): "Mr. Big" – Mel Brooks and Buck Henry | **Outstanding Writing Achievement in Drama** |
| --- | --- |
| **Outstanding Writing Achievement in Variety** | |

## Most major nominations

Networks with multiple major nominations
| Network | Number of
Nominations |
| --- | --- |
| NBC | 45 |
| CBS | 29 |
| ABC | 15 |

Programs with multiple major nominations
| Program | Category | Network | Number of
Nominations |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *The Dick Van Dyke Show* | Comedy | CBS | 8 |
| *I Spy* | Drama | NBC | 7 |
|
| *Eagle in a Cage* | Special | NBC | 6 |
| *Bewitched* | Comedy | ABC | 5 |
| *Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre* | Drama | NBC | |
| *Inherit the Wind* | Special | | |
| *Get Smart* | Comedy | | 4 |
| *Hogan's Heroes* | | CBS | 3 |
| *The Julie Andrews Show* | | | Variety |
| *The Man from U.N.C.L.E.* | Drama | | NBC |
| *Slattery's People* | | | CBS |
| *The Andy Williams Show* | Variety | NBC | 2 |
| *Batman* | Comedy | ABC | |
| *Color Me Barbra* | Music | CBS | |
| *The Danny Kaye Show* | Variety | | |
| *An Evening with Carol Channing* | | | |
| *Frank Sinatra: A Man and His Music* | Music | NBC | |
| *The Fugitive* | Drama | ABC | |
| *Peyton Place* | | | |

## Most major awards

Networks with multiple major awards
| Network | Number of
Awards |
| --- | --- |
| NBC | 45 |
| CBS | 9 |
| ABC | 5 |

Programs with multiple major awards
| Program | Category | Network | Number of
Awards |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *The Dick Van Dyke Show* | Comedy | CBS | 4 |
| *Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre* | Drama | NBC | 3 |
| *Bewitched* | Comedy | ABC | 2 |
| *Eagle in a Cage* | Special | NBC | |

Notes   1. Emmys.com list of 1966 Nominees & Winners

## InfoBox

| 18th Primetime Emmy Awards | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | May 22, 1966 |
| Location | Hollywood Palladium, Los Angeles, California |
| Presented by | Academy of Television Arts and Sciences |
| Hosted by | Danny Kaye
Bill Cosby |
| Highlights | |
| Most awards | *The Dick Van Dyke Show* (4) |
| Most nominations | *The Dick Van Dyke Show* (8) |
| Outstanding Comedy Series | *The Dick Van Dyke Show* |
| Outstanding Dramatic Series | *The Fugitive* |
| Outstanding Dramatic Program | *The Ages of Man* |
| Outstanding Musical Program | *Frank Sinatra: A Man and His Music* |
| Outstanding Variety Series | *The Andy Williams Show* |
| Television/radio coverage | |
| Network | CBS |
|


abstract: The 1909–10 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team represented the University of Illinois.

text:
# 1909–10 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team

1909–10 Western Conference men's basketball standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | PCT |  |  | W |  | L |  | PCT |
| Chicago | 9 |  | 3 |  | .750 |  |  | 10 |  | 3 |  | .769 |
| Minnesota | 7 |  | 3 |  | .700 |  |  | 10 |  | 3 |  | .769 |
| Wisconsin | 7 |  | 5 |  | .583 |  |  | 9 |  | 5 |  | .643 |
| Illinois | 5 |  | 4 |  | .556 |  |  | 5 |  | 4 |  | .556 |
| Purdue | 5 |  | 5 |  | .500 |  |  | 8 |  | 5 |  | .615 |
| Iowa | 2 |  | 2 |  | .500 |  |  | 11 |  | 3 |  | .786 |
| Indiana | 3 |  | 7 |  | .300 |  |  | 5 |  | 8 |  | .385 |
| Northwestern | 0 |  | 9 |  | .000 |  |  | 0 |  | 9 |  | .000 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1909–10 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team** represented the University of Illinois.

## Regular season

For the first time since organized basketball became a sanctioned sport within the university, the Fighting Illini basketball team was led by a returning head coach. Herb V. Juul remained as the head coach of a team that played only nine games, each being a conference game. The Illini finished their season with a record of five wins, four losses and a fourth-place finish in the Western Conference. The starting lineup for the team included Albert L. Hall and Henry J. Popperfuss as forwards, *captain* Carl P. Watson at center, and Louis S. Bernstein and Thomas Thompson as guards.

### Roster

| 1909–10 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team | |
| --- | --- |
| Players | Coaches |
| Pos. # Name Height Weight Year Hometown  Carl Watson **(C)**   Jr DeKalb, Illinois  Henry Popperfuss   Sr Tomah, Wisconsin  Emmett V. Poston   Jr Springfield, Illinois  Thomas E. Thompson   Sr Williams Bay, Wisconsin  Louis S. Bernstein   Jr Niagara Falls, New York  Albert L. Hall   So Libertyville, Illinois  Chouncey B. Oliver   So Blue Diamond, Nevada  James G. White   Fr Chicago, Illinois  Chester Arthur Lord   Sr Sioux Falls, South Dakota  Clarence John Levey   So Chicago, Illinois  Ralph Pillsbury Gates   So Chicago, Illinois  Van Rockwell   Jr St. Charles, Illinois | Head coach Assistant coach(es)   ---  Legend* **(C)** Team captain * **(S)** Suspended * **(I)** Ineligible * **(W)** Walk-on  ---  Roster |

## Schedule

Source

| Date
time, TV | Opponent | Result | Record | Site
city, state |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Big Ten regular season | | | | | | | | |
|
| 1/15/1910
no, no | at Wisconsin | **L** 16–28 | 0-1
(0-1) | University of Wisconsin Armory and Gymnasium
Madison, WI |
| 1/21/1910
no, no | Wisconsin | **W** 34–14 | 1-1
(1-1) | Kenney Gym
Urbana, IL |
| 1/29/1910
no, no | Purdue | **W** 33–17 | 2-1
(2-1) | Kenney Gym
Urbana, IL |
| 2/5/1910
no, no | Indiana
*Rivalry* | **W** 30–20 | 3-1
(3-1) | Kenney Gym
Urbana, IL |
| 2/8/1910
no, no | University of Chicago | **L** 11–21 | 3-2
(3-2) | Kenney Gym
Urbana, IL |
| 2/26/1910
no, no | at University of Chicago | **W** 24–15 | 4-2
(4-2) | Bartlett Gymnasium
Chicago, IL |
| 3/4/1910
no, no | at Purdue | **L** 10–27 | 4-3
(4-3) | Memorial Gymnasium
West Lafayette, IN |
| 3/5/1910
no, no | at Indiana
*Rivalry* | **W** 27–12 | 5-3
(5-3) | Old Assembly Hall
Bloomington, IN |
| 3/9/1910
no, no | Minnesota | **L** 9–22 | 5-4
(5-4) | Kenney Gym
Urbana, IL |
| *Non-conference game. #Rankings from AP Poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses.
All times are in Central Time. | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 1909–10 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conference | Big Ten Conference |
| Record | 5–4 (5–4 Big Ten) |
| Head coach |  |
| Captain | Carl Watson |
| Home arena | Kenney Gym |
|


abstract: The 1869 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on 9 March 1869 in order to elect the Governor of New Hampshire. Republican nominee and former member of the New Hampshire Senate Onslow Stearns defeated Democratic nominee John Bedell.

text:
# 1869 New Hampshire gubernatorial election

The **1869 New Hampshire gubernatorial election** was held on 9 March 1869 in order to elect the Governor of New Hampshire. Republican nominee and former member of the New Hampshire Senate Onslow Stearns defeated Democratic nominee John Bedell.

## General election

On election day, 9 March 1869, Republican nominee Onslow Stearns won the election by a margin of 3,773 votes against his opponent Democratic nominee John Bedell, thereby retaining Republican control over the office of Governor. Stearns was sworn in as the 32nd Governor of New Hampshire on 2 June 1869.

### Results

New Hampshire gubernatorial election, 1869
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Onslow Stearns** | **35,777** | **52.75** |
|  | Democratic | John Bedell | 32,004 | 47.19 |
|  |  | Scattering | 42 | 0.06 |
| Total votes | | | **67,823** | **100.00** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

## InfoBox

1869 New Hampshire gubernatorial election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee **Onslow Stearns** John Bedell   Party Republican Democratic  Popular vote **35,777** 32,004  Percentage **52.75%** 47.19% | |
| ---  County results
**Stearns:**      50–60%
**Bedell:**      50–60% | |
| ---  **Governor before election**
Walter Harriman
Republican **Elected Governor**
Onslow Stearns
Republican | |


title: Marie-Christine Fillou

abstract: Marie-Christine Fillou née Bourbon is a retired French para table tennis player. She is a Paralympic bronze medalist and a double European silver medalist.

text:
# Marie-Christine Fillou

**Marie-Christine Fillou** née **Bourbon** (born 3 July 1961) is a retired French para table tennis player. She is a Paralympic bronze medalist and a double European silver medalist.

## InfoBox

Marie-Christine Fillou
| Marie-Christine Fillou WPTTC 2010 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1961-07-03) 3 July 1961<br>Tours, France |
| Sport | |
| Country | France |
| Sport | Para table tennis |
| Disability class | C3 |
| Club | St. Avertin Tennis de Table |
| Retired | 2015 |
| Medal record      Para table tennis  Representing  France  Paralympic Games  2008 Beijing Women's team C1-3  European Championships  2005 Jesolo Women's team C1-3  2011 Split Women's team C3 | |


title: Pygora beetle

abstract:
The pygora beetles or flower beetles are scarab beetles of the genus Pygora. They are native to Madagascar. Species include:
  - Pygora albomaculata Kraatz, 1893
  - Pygora andranovory Paulian, 1994
  - Pygora bella Waterhouse, 1879
  - Pygora beryllina Janson 1881
  - Pygora bioculata Fairmaire, 1903
  - Pygora bourgoini Valck Lucassen, 1930
  - Pygora brunneitarsis Moser, 1913
  - Pygora conjuncta Gory & Percheron, 1835
  - Pygora cowani Waterhouse, 1878
  - Pygora cribricollis Fairmaire, 1901
  - Pygora cruralis Fairmaire, 1903
  - Pygora cultrata Gory & Percheron, 1835
  - Pygora cyanea Bourgoin, 1918
  - Pygora decorata Janson, 1925
  - Pygora descarpentriesi Ruter, 1973
  - Pygora diegana Fairmaire, 1903
  - Pygora donckieri Bourgoin, 1913
  - Pygora earina Bourgoin, 1918
  - Pygora erythroderes Blanchard, 1842
  - Pygora gerardi Bourgoin, 1924
  - Pygora griveaudi Ruter, 1973
  - Pygora hirsuta Waterhouse, 1879
  - Pygora ignita Westwood, 1879
  - Pygora immaculata Fairmaire, 1903
  - Pygora lenocinia Gory & Percheron, 1835
  - Pygora luctifera Fairmaire, 1899
  - Pygora melanura Fairmaire, 1903
  - Pygora nigrofasciculata Moser, 1907
  - Pygora ornata Janson, 1876
  - Pygora perrieri Fairmaire, 1899
  - Pygora polyspila Fairmaire, 1903
  - Pygora pouillaudei Valck Lucassen 1930
  - Pygora prasinella Fairmaire, 1904
  - Pygora pulchripes Waterhouse, 1878
  - Pygora punctata Janson 1925
  - Pygora punctatissima Gory & Percheron, 1835
  - Pygora puncticollis Waterhouse, 1879
  - Pygora pygidialis Moser 1911
  - Pygora pygidialoides Paulian, 1994
  - Pygora quatuordecimguttata Kraatz, 1893
  - Pygora raharizoninai Paulian, 1994
  - Pygora rufoplagiata Westwood, 1879
  - Pygora rufovaria Fairmaire, 1903
  - Pygora sakarahae Paulian, 1994
  - Pygora sanguineomarginata Bourgoin, 1913
  - Pygora simillima Moser, 1912
  - Pygora tristis Janson, 1925
  - Pygora tulearensis Paulian, 1994
  - Pygora vadoni Paulian, 1994
  - Pygora viridis Valck Lucassen, 1930
  - Pygora vohemar Paulian, 1994
  - Pygora zombitsy Paulian, 1994

text:
# Pygora beetle

The **pygora beetles** or **flower beetles** are scarab beetles of the genus ***Pygora***. They are native to Madagascar.

Species include:

## InfoBox

| Pygora beetle | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Pygora lenocinia* specimens at the National Museum in Prague | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Scarabaeidae |
| Subfamily: | Cetoniinae |
| Tribe: | Stenotarsiini |
| Subtribe: | Coptomiina |
| Genus: | *Pygora* |
|
| Species | |
| see text | |


title: Glass cutter

abstract: A glass cutter is a tool used to make a shallow score in one surface of a piece of glass that is to be broken in two pieces, for example to fit a window. The scoring makes a split in the surface of the glass which encourages the glass to break along the score. This is not to be confused with the tools used to make cut glass objects. Regular, annealed glass can be broken apart this way but not tempered glass as the latter tends to shatter rather than breaking cleanly into two pieces.

text:
# Glass cutter

A **glass cutter** is a tool used to make a shallow score in one surface of a piece of glass (normally a flat one) that is to be broken in two pieces, for example to fit a window. The scoring makes a split in the surface of the glass which encourages the glass to break along the score. This is not to be confused with the tools used to make cut glass objects.

Regular, annealed glass can be broken apart this way but not tempered glass as the latter tends to shatter rather than breaking cleanly into two pieces.

## History

In the Middle Ages, glass was cut with a heated and sharply pointed iron rod. The red hot point was drawn along the moistened surface of the glass causing it to snap apart. Fractures created in this way were not very accurate and the rough pieces had to be chipped or "grozed" down to more exact shapes with a hooked tool called a grozing iron.

Between the 14th and 16th centuries, starting in Italy, a diamond-tipped cutter became prevalent which allowed for more precise cutting.

In 1869, the wheel cutter was developed by Samuel Monce of Bristol, Connecticut, which remains the current standard tool for most glass cutting.

## Cutting process

A glass cutter may use a diamond to create the split, but more commonly a small cutting wheel made of hardened steel or tungsten carbide 4–6 mm in diameter with a V-shaped profile called a "hone angle" is used. The greater the hone angle of the wheel, the sharper the angle of the V and the thicker the piece of glass it is designed to cut.

The hone angle on most hand-held glass cutters is 120° to 140°, though wheels are made as near-flat as 154° or even 160° \[180° would be flat like a roller\] for cutting glass as thick as 0.5 inches (13 mm). Their main drawback is that wheels with sharper hone angles will become dull more quickly than their more obtuse counterparts.

### Lubrication

The effective cutting of glass also requires a small amount of oil (kerosene is often used) and some glass cutters contain a reservoir of this oil which both lubricates the wheel and prevents it from becoming too hot: as the wheel scores, friction between it and the glass surface briefly generates intense heat, and oil dissipates this efficiently.

When properly lubricated a steel wheel can give a long period of satisfactory service. However, tungsten carbide wheels have been proven to have a significantly longer life than steel wheels and offer greater and more reproducible penetration in scoring as well as easier opening of the scored glass.

### Cutting

The cutter is then rolled firmly over the glass, producing a "score line" or "fissure," weakening the glass along this line. Pressure as light as 5 or 6 pounds, upon a 120 to 140 degree wheel on thin glass; Pressure as heavy as 20+ pounds, with a 154 to 160 degree wheel, on very thick glass. The well-scored pane is ready to be split. The glass may be further weakened by lightly tapping along the cut. The glass cutter in the photo has a ball on one end for tapping the glass. Running pliers may then be used to "run" or "open" to the split.

### Wheel diameter

Glass cutters are manufactured with wheels of varying diameters. One of the most popular has a diameter of 5.5 mm (732 in). The ratio between the arc of the wheel and the pressure applied with the tool has an important bearing on the degree of penetration. Average hand pressure with this size wheel often gives good results. For a duller wheel on soft glass a larger wheel (e.g., 6 mm (14 in) will require no change in hand pressure. A smaller wheel (3 mm (18 in)) is appropriate for cutting patterns and curves since a smaller wheel can follow curved lines without dragging.

General purpose glass is mostly made by the float glass process and is obtainable in thicknesses from 1.5 to 25 mm (116 to 1 in). Thin float glass tends to cut easily with a sharp cutter. Thicker glass such as 10 mm (38 in) float glass is significantly more difficult to cut and break; glass with textured or patterned surfaces may demand specialized methods for scoring and opening the cuts.

### Large sheets

Large sheets of glass are usually cut with a computer-assisted (CNC) semi-automatic glass cutting table. These sheets are then broken out by hand into the individual sheets of glass (also known as "lites" in the glass industry).

## Further reading


title: Pyrgacris descampsi

abstract: Pyrgacris descampsi is a species of insect, belonging to the family Pyrgacrididae. This species is known from La Réunion.

text:
# Pyrgacris descampsi

***Pyrgacris descampsi*** is a species of insect, belonging to the family Pyrgacrididae.

This species is known from La Réunion.

* Kevan, D.K.M. (1976), S. Afr. J. Sci. 72
* Kevan, D.K.M. \[Ed.\] In Beier \[Ed.\] (1977) Superfamily Acridoidea, fam. Pyrgomorphidae, Orthopterorum Catalogus, Orthopterorum Catalogus 16:1-656
* (in French) Hugel (2005) Redécouverte du genre Pygacris à l'île de la Réunion: description du mâle de P. descampi Kevan, 1975 (Orthoptera, Caelifera) \[Rediscovery of the genus Pyrgacris to the Reunion island: description of the male of P. descampi Kevan, 1975 (Orthoptera, Caelife, Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France (Bull. Soc. entomol. Fr.) 110(2):153-159

## InfoBox

| *Pyrgacris descampsi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Orthoptera |
| Suborder: | Caelifera |
| Family: | Pyrgacrididae |
| Genus: | *Pyrgacris* |
| Species: | ***P. descampsi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pyrgacris descampsi***<br>Kevan, 1976 | |
|


title: Pyrford

abstract: Pyrford is a village in the borough of Woking in Surrey, England. It is on the left bank of the River Wey, around two miles east of the town of Woking and just south of West Byfleet; the M25 motorway is northeast of the edge of the former parish. The village sits on raised mixed heath soil, and has historical links with the abbey at Westminster, in whose possession it remained between the Norman conquest in 1066 and the Dissolution of the Monasteries nearly five hundred years later.

text:
# Pyrford

**Pyrford** /ˈpɜːrfərd/ is a village in the borough of Woking in Surrey, England. It is on the left bank of the River Wey, around two miles (three kilometres) east of the town of Woking and just south of West Byfleet; the M25 motorway is northeast of the edge of the former parish.

The village sits on raised mixed heath soil, and has historical links with the abbey at Westminster, in whose possession it remained between the Norman conquest in 1066 and the Dissolution of the Monasteries nearly five hundred years later.

## Geography

At the foot of slopes in the south of the area are agricultural flood plain pasture meadows bisected by the River Wey Navigation; the actual border is the River Wey itself (though slightly inaccurate as based on meanders as they were before 1820). Roads passing through the village include the B367 (Upshott Lane/Church Hill) and B382 (Old Woking Road). Open areas in the south and east of the village are designated Metropolitan Green Belt.

## History and use in the arts

The current village name 'Pyrford' is derived from the Saxon dialect of Old English combined term "Pyrianford", which scholarly research into Old English asserts means 'pear tree ford'.

King James and Anne of Denmark stayed with Sir Francis Wolley at Pyrford on 10 August 1603. Famous residents include the poet John Donne, and Jack Brabham who used to live on Forest Road.

Pyrford is mentioned in *The War of the Worlds*, by H. G. Wells, in which it is near the landing site of the third of ten Martian invasion cylinders.

The Rowley Bristow Hospital from 1928 to 1992 was in Pyrford in the area now occupied by St Martin's Mews and St Nicholas Crescent.

Early in World War II, due to the risk of enemy air attack, the Vickers Armstrongs aircraft factory at nearby Brooklands had a dispersed facility known as Depot No. W95 in Lower Pyrford Road with two aircraft hangars used for 'aircraft salvage' purposes until at least 1944. Post-war, one of these hangars was occupied by a factory making electrical switches and the other was used as a temporary store for historic aeroplanes by the national Science Museum until Autumn 1958; these premises were finally demolished and redeveloped for new housing in the late 1980s. Pyrford Court was also listed as wartime Depot No. W40 and used for 'aircraft dispersal' - presumably for Vickers Wellington bombers moved there by road before completion and delivery to the Royal Air Force from Brooklands.

Pyrford Court was used as the main location of the 1978 film The Cat and the Canary.

In 1951 the civil parish had a population of 1760. On 1 April 1974 the parish was abolished.

## Leisure

The River Wey Navigation, to the south-east and east of the village, marks the boundary between Pyrford and Wisley. The area has marked trails for ramblers. A public bridleway going east-west, connects the village to the canal, parallel to unpavemented Lock Lane on the far side of the golf course; following this the path connects to three others: one south via *the Anchor* to Wisley, to the north-east to Byfleet and to the north along the towpath to New Haw, Coxes Lock, Addlestone and a large island at Weybridge which connects with the pavement of Thames Street, in turn connected to the Thames Path. Pyrford marina by the Dodds Bridge footbridge, and with its own access road, on the Pyrford canalside enables people to hire and own boats; it faces the named public house.

July 2012 saw Pyrford's inclusion in what has become the standard version of the London-Surrey cycle classic used in the Summer Olympic Games.

## Amenities

The local school is Pyrford Church of England (Aided) Primary School an Academy that is part of The Newark Trust. The school is located on Coldharbour Road and has current Ofsted rating of Outstanding since last inspection in January 2013, with 480 students on roll.

Owing to an old law, and covenants on land controlled by religious sects, Pyrford had no public house, but there are a few such establishments quite close by. The *Anchor* pub, by Lock Lane, lies on land once part of Wisley parish. *The Inn at Maybury* is sited alongside the junction of Old Woking Road and Maybury Hill. The third location for drinking is *The Yeoman*, a Harvester pub-restaurant, on the Old Woking Road in the neighbouring village of West Byfleet. Instead, two social venues in Pyrford are the Pyrford Social Club, a membership club, next to the cricket club and the *Twisted Stone* golf club situated on Pyrford Road and open to the general public. These are both licensed for alcohol.

## Sports

Pyrford has three golf courses: Pyrford Lakes Golf Course, Wisley Golf Course and Twisted Stone. It is also home to Pyrford Cricket Club. Founded in 1858, Pyrford is one of the oldest cricket clubs in Surrey, and has achieved success in recent years. The club has been promoted 10 times in the last 10 years, and achieved an unparalleled treble promotion in 2008, with all three Saturday League sides achieving promotion from their respective divisions of the Surrey Championship. Well known former PCC players include former Zimbabwe captain Tatenda Taibu, New Zealand wicketkeeper Gareth Hopkins and Sky Sports presenter Charles "Got Him" Colvile. Pyrford also has an amateur football club, Pyrford F.C., who play at the Pyrford Cricket ground. Twisted Stone Golf Club on Pyrford Road, offers locals a pay and play service. Membership is not required, and the golf course offers an 18-hole round. A public bridleway crosses the golf course linking Pyrford Road to the Wey Navigation Canal.

### London 2012 Olympic Games

On 28 July (men) and 29 (women), 2012, Pyrford hosted a section of the London 2012 Cycle road race. The race passed through on Coldharbour Road, up onto Upshot Lane and south east on the B367 towards Ripley. Around 8,000 fans lined the route through Pyrford, the focal point being Pyrford Cricket Ground that hosted an Olympics themed fete.

## Transport

Hourly bus route 437 links Pyrford with Woking, West Byfleet and Byfleet; with a connection to New Haw and Addlestone. The service is financially supported by Surrey County Council.

## Landmarks

### St. Nicholas Church and Conservation Area

The Church of St. Nicholas is less than 14 mile (400 metres) north of the ruins of Newark Priory along a medieval lane, and was built around 1140. It is a fine example of a complete Norman church and is one of the significant minority of medieval churches in the United Kingdom in the top category of listed buildings.

It is thought possible that Queen Elizabeth I might have worshipped at St Nicholas's Church. She reputedly donated a silver chalice to the church in 1570. Original frescoes, painted in red ochre, were uncovered during renovations in 1869 and 1967. There are two sets of drawings from different periods with subjects including scenes from Christ's Passion, and an illustration of pilgrims preparing to set sail in a pilgrimage to Spain.

The church grounds and the surrounding lands are designated a conservation area, having special architectural and historical importance.

## Rowley Bristow Hospital

Rowley Bristow Hospital, an orthopaedic hospital in Pyrford, was founded in 1928.

It was formed from St Martin's home for crippled boys and the St Nicholas Hospital Home. Originally named St Nicholas' and St Martin's Orthopaedic Hospital Homes and Special School of Recovery, it was renamed in 1948 as the Rowley Bristow Orthopedic Hospital after a well known orthopaedic surgeon, and surgical director of St Nicholas, Rowley Bristow.

At its prime it was considered a centre of excellence, but declined from a peak of 250 beds in 1948 to just 41 shortly before it closed in 1992.

The orthopaedic department at St Peter's Hospital, Chertsey is now named the Rowley Bristow Orthopedic Unit.

## Notable People

## InfoBox

| Pyrford | |
| --- | --- |
| St Nicholas's Church | |
| PyrfordLocation within Surrey | |
| Population | 5,022 (2011 Census. Ward.) |
| OS grid reference | TQ041583 |
| District |  |
| Shire county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Woking |
| Postcode district | GU22 |
| Dialling code | 01932 |
|  | |
| Police | Surrey |
| Fire | Surrey |
| Ambulance | South East Coast |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Pyrgacris

abstract: Pyrgacris is a small genus of grasshoppers in the monotypic family Pyrgacrididae. The two species in the genus Pyrgacris are found only on Reunion Island.

text:
# Pyrgacris

***Pyrgacris*** is a small genus of grasshoppers in the monotypic family **Pyrgacrididae**. The two species in the genus *Pyrgacris* are found only on Reunion Island.

## Species

As of 2019, *Orthoptera Species File* lists:

1. Descamps (1968) *Bull. Soc. entomol. Fr.* 73: 52.
2. Roskov Y.; Kunze T.; Orrell T.; Abucay L.; Paglinawan L.; Culham A.; Bailly N.; Kirk P.; Bourgoin T.; Baillargeon G.; Decock W.; De Wever A. (2011). Didžiulis V. (ed.). "Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist". Species 2000: Reading, UK. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
3. Orthoptera Species File (Version 5.0/5.0: retrieved 11 April 2019)

## InfoBox

| *Pyrgacris* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Orthoptera |
| Suborder: | Caelifera |
| *Informal group*: | Acridomorpha |
| Superfamily: | Acridoidea |
| Family: | Pyrgacrididae
Kevan, 1974 |
| Genus: | *Pyrgacris*
Descamps, 1968 |
|


title: Glen Leavitt

abstract: Glen Kaimi Leavitt is an American politician who served as a member of the Nevada Assembly from the 23rd district.

text:
# Glen Leavitt

**Glen Kaimi Leavitt** (born 1973) is an American politician who served as a member of the Nevada Assembly from the 23rd district.

## Early life and education

Leavitt was born in 1973 in St. George, Utah. Leavitt moved from Las Vegas to Boulder City, Nevada when he was ten years old. He is of Asian descent.

Leavitt graduated from Boulder City High School in 1992. Leavitt earned a B.A. in political science from Brigham Young University and an M.A. in public administration from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.

## Career

Leavitt served on the Boulder City planning commission from 2015 to 2017. Leavitt resigned from this position to run for the Nevada Assembly. His campaign was endorsed by the incumbent assemblywoman at the time, Melissa Woodbury. In 2018, Leavitt was elected to the Nevada Assembly, where he represented the 23rd district between 2018-2022.

## Personal life

Glen Leavitt is married to Rebecca Woodbury-Leavitt. They have three children. The Woodbury family is prominent in Nevada politics, including Leavitt's father-in-law, former Clark County Commissioner Bruce Woodbury; his brother-in-law, former Boulder City Mayor Rod Woodbury; his great-uncle-in-law, former Speaker of the Nevada Assembly Jack Higgins; and his sister-in-law, Melissa Woodbury.

## Elections

* **2020** Leavitt was unopposed in the Republican primary. In the general election, he defeated Democratic candidate Brent Foutz and Independent American Party candidate Bill Hoge with 30, 418 votes (63.41%).
* **2018** Leavitt won the Republican primary with 3,466 votes (55.1%) against Matt McCarthy. He defeated IAP candidate Ralph Preta in the general election with 24,100 votes (71.42%).

## InfoBox

| Glen Leavitt | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Nevada Assembly
from the 23rd district | |
| **In office**
November 7, 2018  November 9, 2022 | |
| Preceded by | Melissa Woodbury |
| Succeeded by | Danielle Gallant |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Glen Kaimi Leavitt
1973 (age 5051)
St. George, Utah, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Divorced |
| Alma mater | Brigham Young University (BA)
University of Nevada, Las Vegas (MA) |
| Website | Leavitt 4 Nevada |
|  | |


title: Glenmore (Jefferson City, Tennessee)

abstract: Glenmore is a historic house in Jefferson City, Tennessee, United States.

text:
# Glenmore (Jefferson City, Tennessee)

**Glenmore** is a historic house in Jefferson City, Tennessee, United States.

## History

The three-story house was built in 1868-1869 for John Roper Branner, the President of the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railway. From 1868 to 1879, it was the location of the Branner Institute for Young Women, run by his brother.

The house was acquired by Milton Preston Jarnagin in 1882. It was Jarnagin who named it Glenmore. When he died, the house was inherited by his son, Frank Watkins Jarnagin, who raised Percheron horses on the property.

It was deeded to the Preservation of Tennessee Antiquities in 1969–1970.

## Architectural significance

The house was designed in the Second Empire architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since April 13, 1973.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Glenmore | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Glenmore in 2015 | |
|  | |
| Location | Jefferson City, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Coordinates | 36°7′40″N 83°28′59″W / 36.12778°N 83.48306°W / 36.12778; -83.48306 |
| Area | 6 acres (2.4 ha) |
| Built | 1868-1869 |
| Architectural style | Second Empire |
| NRHP reference No. | 73001794 |
| Added to NRHP | April 13, 1973 |


title: Glenmore GAA

abstract: Glenmore is a Gaelic Athletic Association club situated in the south of County Kilkenny, Ireland. The club was founded in 1888 and has achieved hurling success at county, provincial and national level. Glenmore has also provided the Kilkenny intercounty team with several top players.

text:
# Glenmore GAA

**Glenmore** is a Gaelic Athletic Association club situated in the south of County Kilkenny, Ireland. The club was founded in 1888 and has achieved hurling success at county, provincial and national level. Glenmore has also provided the Kilkenny intercounty team with several top players.

## History

Glenmore first distinguished itself in Kilkenny on the football field, and it was only in the 1940s that hurling started to take over. Early success came in 1953, when the hurlers won the County Junior Championship. By the 1960s, Glenmore were among the top sides in the county, narrowly losing out to Bennettsbridge in the 1960 and 1964 county finals. Things soon took a turn for the worse, however, when the club was relegated to Junior status in 1967. They reached the final at that grade in 1968, but lost out to Johnstown. Glenmore finally broke back into the senior grade in 1980, winning the double of junior and Under 21 (Roinn A) championships.

Glenmore went from strength to strength in the 1980s, and finally reached their first Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship final in 1987. They met Ballyhale Shamrocks in the final, and claimed the Tom Walsh Cup for the first time with a victory, 4-10 to 3-9. Glenmore were back in the final again in 1989, but Shamrocks got revenge for the 1987 defeat, despatching Glenmore with a score 2-11 to 1-13. A second county title came in 1990, when they got the better of Clara, champions from 1986, with a score 3-15 to 2-6. This gave the club a shot at the Leinster Senior Club Hurling Championship title, and they duly collected their medals after defeating Camross from Laois. Glenmore then secured a place in the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship final, and managed to win the biggest prize in the game after defeating Patrickswell from Limerick 1-13 to 0-12. Ray Heffernan captained the All-Ireland winning side, which featured such Glenmore legends as Eddie O'Connor, Eddie Aylward, Liam Walsh, Christy Heffernan, Willie O'Connor, Denis Mullally and Michael Phelan.

Glenmore took their third county championship in 1992, seeing off Tullaroan 1-14 to 2-6. They added their fourth in 1995 with a 3-19 to 1-14 win against Fenians, and soon added a second Leinster medal to their collection. They did not book a date in the final, however, losing out to Ulster champions Dunloy from Antrim. Glenmore won their fifth and final county title in 1999, defeating Graigue-Ballycallan by 1-14 to 2-8.

Glenmore lost their senior status in 2005, losing out in a relegation play-off against Fenians.

In 2014, Glenmore lost their Intermediate Status losing in a relegation play off to Conahy Shamrocks by 2-22 to 3-16. This was a bitter blow for a famous club who not so long ago were a force to be reckoned with at the top table of Club Hurling both in Kilkenny and on the National Stage.

In 2016, Glenmore won another All Ireland title, this time in the Junior grade, edging out Eoghan Rua of Derry in the All Ireland final.

## Honours

## InfoBox

Glenmore
| *Gleann Mór* | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded: | 1888 |
| County: | Kilkenny |
| Colours: | Green and Gold |
| Grounds: | Glenmore |
| Coordinates: | 52°20′38″N 7°03′36″W / 52.344°N 7.06°W / 52.344; -7.06 |
| Playing kits | |
|  | |
| Senior Club Championships | |
| All Ireland Leinster
champions Kilkenny
champions  Football:   21  Hurling: | |


title: Giuseppe Domenico Botto

abstract: Giuseppe Domenico Botto was an Italian physicist. Born at Moneglia, the in the Republic of Genoa. He studied at the University of Genoa and the École Polytechnique in Paris. The chair of General and Experimental Physics was assigned to G.D Botto in 1828. Experimental work was dedicated to magnetic, thermal, and chemical effects of electrical currents and induction of currents. In 1830 Botto described in a note a prototype electric motor on which he was working and published a description of it in a Memoria titled "Machine Loco-motive mise en mouvement par l'électro-magnétisme" to the Academy of Turin around 1836. A device built on the basis of his description was part of the collection of scientific instruments of the Grand Duke of Tuscany, which is now kept at the Institute and Museum of History of Science in Florence. In the following years he published more work on improving efficiency of electric motors. Botto experimented with electrolysis of water using a manual generator of electric sparks, the electric magnet designed by Leopoldo Nobili and Vincenzo Antinori on the basis of the discovery of' electromagnetic induction made by Michael Faraday in 1831. In 1833 he tested an iron-platinum thermocouple wrapped as a chain around a wooden stick which generated a current when heat from a flame was applied,. The heat from the flame created a temperature difference, and the thermocouple converted the temperature difference into an electric voltage. He also worked on other subjects and published in 1846 a note for the improvement of agriculture in Piedmont. In 1849 he proposed a new system for transmission and encoding for the electrical telegraph system. He died at Turin in 1865.

text:
# Giuseppe Domenico Botto

**Giuseppe Domenico Botto** (4 April 1791 – 20 March 1865) was an Italian physicist.

Born at Moneglia, the in the Republic of Genoa. He studied at the University of Genoa and the École Polytechnique in Paris. The chair of General and Experimental Physics was assigned to G.D Botto in 1828. Experimental work was dedicated to magnetic, thermal, and chemical effects of electrical currents and induction of currents.

In 1830 Botto described in a note a prototype electric motor on which he was working and published a description of it in a Memoria titled "Machine Loco-motive mise en mouvement par l'électro-magnétisme" to the Academy of Turin around 1836.

A device built on the basis of his description was part of the collection of scientific instruments of the Grand Duke of Tuscany, which is now kept at the Institute and Museum of History of Science in Florence. In the following years he published more work on improving efficiency of electric motors.

Botto experimented with electrolysis of water using a manual generator of electric sparks, the electric magnet designed by Leopoldo Nobili and Vincenzo Antinori on the basis of the discovery of' electromagnetic induction made by Michael Faraday in 1831. In 1833 he tested an iron-platinum thermocouple wrapped as a chain around a wooden stick which generated a current when heat from a flame was applied,. The heat from the flame created a temperature difference, and the thermocouple converted the temperature difference into an electric voltage.

He also worked on other subjects and published in 1846 a note for the improvement of agriculture in Piedmont. In 1849 he proposed a new system for transmission and encoding for the electrical telegraph system (notes on this subject were recently discovered in the archives of the Museo Sanguineti Leonardini of Chiavari).

He died at Turin in 1865.


title: Pyramid Club (New York City)

abstract: The Pyramid Club was a nightclub in the East Village of Manhattan, New York City. After opening in 1979, the Pyramid helped define the East Village drag queen, gay, post-punk and no wave art and music scenes of the 1980s. The club was located at 101 Avenue A in Manhattan.

text:
# Pyramid Club (New York City)

The **Pyramid Club** was a nightclub in the East Village of Manhattan, New York City. After opening in 1979, the Pyramid helped define the East Village drag queen, gay, post-punk and no wave art and music scenes of the 1980s. The club was located at 101 Avenue A in Manhattan.

## History

In the '70s and '80s the club became a hangout for "a new breed of politicized drag performers" like Lypsinka, Lady Bunny, and RuPaul, whose first New York City show was at the Pyramid Club in 1982.

On Labor Day 1985, Pyramid performer Lady Bunny hosted the Wigstock Festival in Tompkins Square Park. Andy Warhol and Debbie Harry dropped in the Pyramid to do a feature on the club for MTV, and Madonna appeared at her first AIDS benefit at the club. Both Nirvana and Red Hot Chili Peppers played their first New York City concerts there and both Live Skull and Sonic Youth played there in 1983 and 1984. They Might Be Giants was considered the house band for some time. From 1992–95, Blacklips Performance Cult, a collective founded by ANOHNI, presented plays at Pyramid every Monday at midnight. Many visual artists, such as Keith Haring Jean-Michel Basquiat, and Jack Smith were frequent patrons of the club. Performance artists John Kelly, Ann Magnuson, Steve Buscemi and Eric Bogosian performed there and John Jesurun began his drama/comedy/mystery serial play *Chang in a Void Moon* at the Pyramid in 1982 and received a Bessie Award for it in 1985.

In 2007, it was proposed that 101 Avenue A, the Pyramid Club's building, be landmarked. The proposal, described as the first *drag landmark*, was not adopted by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC). However, in the spring of 2011 the LPC proposed a new historic district in the East Village focused around lower Second Avenue and encompassing 15 blocks and 330 buildings. The original proposal excluded buildings such as the Pyramid Club, but because of efforts made by local community groups, the proposed district was expanded to 101 Avenue A as well as other similar buildings. The LPC designated the club as part of the East Village/Lower East Side Historic District on October 9, 2012.

The club shut during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. It unsuccessfully reopened under different management for a short period after, but subsequently closed permanently. The new owners confirmed that it would reopen in the summer of 2023 as *Baker Falls*, a community-driven rock club. Baker Falls opened in July 2023.

In 2024, a book on the history of the Pyramid Club called *"We Started a Nightclub": The Birth of the Pyramid Cocktail Lounge as Told by Those Who Lived It* was published by Damiani Books.

## Notable performers

## InfoBox

Pyramid Club
| Pyramid Cocktail Lounge | |
| --- | --- |
| Entrance to the club in 2009 | |
|  | |
| Address | 101 Avenue A |
| Location | New York City |
| Coordinates | 40°43′33″N 73°59′02″W / 40.72578°N 73.983873°W / 40.72578; -73.983873 |
| Type | Nightclub |
| Opened | 1979 (1979) |
| Closed | 2020 |
| Website | |
| thepyramidclub.com | |


title: Pyramid Club (Philadelphia)

abstract:
The Pyramid Club was formed in November 1937 by African-American professionals for the "cultural, civic and social advancement of Negroes in Philadelphia."
By the 1950s, it was "Philadelphia's leading African-American social club." Between 1940 and 1957, the club's building at 1517 Girard Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, was a center for social and cultural life.
Because African-Americans were barred from many clubs and restaurants, the Pyramid Club had its own bar and restaurant. It hosted parties, social events, concerts by noted musicians such as Marian Anderson and Duke Ellington, speakers including Martin Luther King Jr. and J. Robert Oppenheimer, and an annual art exhibition (1941–1957) featuring both local and national artists. The Pyramid Club was the only exhibition space in Philadelphia at the time that was owned, operated and controlled by African-Americans. The club played an important role within the African-American community by connecting artists with middle and upper-class professionals able to support their work. The Pyramid Club dissolved in 1963.
It has been commemorated with a historical marker by the Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission.

text:
# Pyramid Club (Philadelphia)

The **Pyramid Club** was formed in November 1937 by African-American professionals for the "cultural, civic and social advancement of Negroes in Philadelphia." By the 1950s, it was "Philadelphia's leading African-American social club."

Between 1940 and 1957, the club's building at 1517 Girard Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, was a center for social and cultural life. Because African-Americans were barred from many clubs and restaurants, the Pyramid Club had its own bar and restaurant. It hosted parties, social events, concerts by noted musicians such as Marian Anderson and Duke Ellington, speakers including Martin Luther King Jr. and J. Robert Oppenheimer, and an annual art exhibition (1941–1957) featuring both local and national artists.

The Pyramid Club was the only exhibition space in Philadelphia at the time that was owned, operated and controlled by African-Americans. The club played an important role within the African-American community by connecting artists with middle and upper-class professionals able to support their work.

The Pyramid Club dissolved in 1963. It has been commemorated with a historical marker by the Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission.

## Founding

Among those instrumental in establishing the Pyramid Club were Woodley Wells, Alton C. Berry, George Drummond, Wilbur Strickland, Lewis Tanner Moore, Scholley Pace Alexander, Oscar James Cooper, Theodore O. Spaulding, Thomas Powell, and Walter Fitzgerald Jerrick. Dr. Walter Fitzgerald Jerrick became president of the club. Its directors included Drs. Harry J. Greene and Charles W. Dorsey and attorney Theodore O. Spaulding.

## Membership

According to *The Crisis*, all members of the Pyramid Club had to be members of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Membership in the club cost $120, with monthly dues of $2.40.

At least at first, only men were officially accepted as members in the Pyramid Club. Women, however, were active at an organizational level throughout the club's history. There was an active Ladies’ Auxiliary, a Pyramid Wives Club, and a Women’s Coordinating Committee. Women could sit on the exhibition committee, whose work included the selection of pieces for exhibitions. Works by women were accepted and shown in exhibitions.

## Art exhibitions

Between 1941 and 1957, the Pyramid Club held an annual art exhibition which has been described as "one of the pre-eminent black art exhibits in the country". The exhibitions were managed by Humbert Lincoln Howard.

Members of the Pyramid Club worked closely with the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (PAFA), with benefits to both communities. Although the express goal of the club was to increase opportunities for African-Americans, exhibitions at the Pyramid Club included supportive white artists as well as African-American artists. The club's art director, Humbert Howard, was widely connected in the art world and preferred to follow an integrationist policy in his selection of works for the club's shows. He believed that choosing works by both white and black artists, based on merit, would expand the show's patronage and ultimately benefit black artists. His strategy was not always popular: in 1949 Howard and an anonymous critic in the *Philadelphia Afro-American* debated the inclusion of white artists whose works were shown in discriminatory galleries. Artist Julius Bloch refused to show his work at the Philadelphia Sketch Club when it would not include black artists, choosing to show his works at the Pyramid Club instead.

Artists whose works appeared at the Pyramid Club included Morris Blackburn, Julius Thiengen Bloch, Samuel Joseph Brown, Jr., Claude Clark, Beauford Delaney, Joseph Delaney, Allan Randall Freelon, Rex Goreleigh, Humbert Howard, Paul F. Keene Jr., Ralph Taylor (1896–1978), and Dox Thrash.

Although women were not accepted as members, their works were shown in the exhibitions. The exhibition “Fifty Seven Artists,” held February 20 – March 20, 1948 at the Pyramid Club, was dedicated to Laura Wheeler Waring (1887–1948) who had just died. Eleven women artists were listed in the program, which included Selma Burke, Elizabeth Kitchenman Coyne, Hilde Foss, Etelka J. Greenfield, Reba Klein, Naomi Lavin, Maude C. Lewis, Beatrice Claire (or Clare) Overton and Elsie Reber. Edith Townsend Scarlett was Caucasian, and Sarai Sherman was described as Italian-American.

The exhibition "We Speak: Black Artists in Philadelphia, 1920s-1970s", held at the Woodmere Art Museum in January 2016, examined the influence of the Pyramid Club and other Philadelphia institutions on African-American artists.

## Photographs

The Pyramid Club and other centers of African-American culture and life in Philadelphia were extensively photographed by photographer John W. Mosley. Mosley worked as the staff photographer for the Pyramid Club for a number of years. He published an annual album of photographs for the club, the *Pictorial Album of the Pyramid Club*.

The Charles L. Blockson Afro-American Collection at Temple University contains more than 300,000 photographs taken by Mosley. A retrospective of Mosley's work, *A Million Faces: The Photography of John W. Mosley*, appeared at the Woodmere Art Museum in Philadelphia in 2016.

* "John W. Mosley Photographs". *Temple University Libraries*.
* "Charles L. Blockson Afro-American Collection". *Temple University Libraries*.
* "Oral history interview with Humbert Howard, 1988 Oct. 26". *Smithsonian Archives of American Art*.
* Search for "Pyramid Club (Philadelphia, Pa.)" in the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution

## InfoBox

The Pyramid Club
| Formation | November 1937 (1937) |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Private Club |
| Legal status | Private Social Club |
| Purpose | Art gallery, Meeting space |
| Location |  |
| Region served | Philadelphia metropolitan area |
| Key people | Walter Fitzgerald Jerrick, Lewis Tanner Moore, Humbert Lincoln Howard, and Oscar James Cooper |


title: Pyrausta gracilalis

abstract: Pyrausta gracilalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Cuba and Puerto Rico.

text:
# Pyrausta gracilalis

***Pyrausta gracilalis*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Cuba and Puerto Rico.

## InfoBox

| *Pyrausta gracilalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Pyrausta* |
| Species: | ***P. gracilalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pyrausta gracilalis***<br>(Herrich-Schäffer, 1871) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Botys gracilalis* Herrich-Schäffer, 1871 | |


title: Qatari nationality law

abstract: Qatari nationality law is based mostly on jus sanguinis. Qatari citizens enjoy freedom of movement between other Gulf Cooperation Council member states.

text:
# Qatari nationality law

**Qatari nationality law** is based mostly on *jus sanguinis*. Qatari citizens enjoy freedom of movement between other Gulf Cooperation Council member states.

## By birth

Children born in Qatar are not granted Qatari citizenship by virtue of their place of birth.

## By descent

* Any person who can demonstrate Qatari descent may apply to be a citizen of Qatar, depending on certain conditions.
* Any person born to a Qatari father irrespective of their place of birth are Qatari citizens by descent.

## By naturalization

Foreigners may be granted citizenship if they fulfil the following conditions

* Lawful residence in the State of Qatar for no less than 25 consecutive years before applying for citizenship.
* Availability of legitimate means to earn one's living and meet one's needs.
* Good conduct and behavior, in addition to absence of previous conviction by final ruling in a crime of dishonor or mistrust, whether inside or outside Qatar.

## By marriage

The wife of a naturalized person may be, by an Emiri decision, granted Qatari nationality by virtue of her husband, provided that her stay with him in Qatar extends for a period of at least five years from the date her husband acquired Qatari nationality. The wife will not lose her citizenship in the event that the marriage contract is broken.

## Dual citizenship

Qatar does not recognize dual citizenship. Holding another citizenship that's not allowed may lead to the revoking of Qatari citizenship.

## Loss of Qatari citizenship

The person may lose Qatari citizenship in the following cases:

* the person joins the military service of a foreign country.
* the person works for a foreign government that is in war with Qatar.
* the person takes up a foreign nationality.

Citizens are allowed to voluntarily give up Qatari citizenship.

## Travel freedom

In 2016, Qatari citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 79 countries and territories, ranking the Qatari passport 60th in the world according to the Visa Restrictions Index.

## InfoBox

| Qatari Citizenship Act | |
| --- | --- |
| Parliament of Qatar | |
| **Long title** * An Act relating to Qatari citizenship | |
| Enacted by | Government of Qatar |
| Passed | un |
| **Status:** Current legislation | |


title: Glenorie Bus Company

abstract: Glenorie Bus Company was an Australian bus company in the Hills District of Sydney.

text:
# Glenorie Bus Company

**Glenorie Bus Company** was an Australian bus company in the Hills District of Sydney.

## History

Bus services in the Glenorie area commenced in the 1920s when George Deaman began operating. In 1952 Deaman sold out to Roy Baxter and George Tucknott. In 1975 the business was sold to Laurie and Keith Todd with 16 buses. In April 1988 Dural Busways was purchased.

In December 2001 Glenorie was purchased by National Express but the business was not merged with its neighbouring Westbus operation. Instead it operated on its own until December 2004, when Glenorie, along with Westbus' routes that operated out of Seven Hills and Northmead depots, were all rebranded Hillsbus.

The following are the routes that were operated by Glenorie prior to their rebranding to Hillsbus.

* 631: Hornsby \- Pennant Hills \- Castle Hill via Castle Hill Road
* 632: Hornsby - Pennant Hills - Castle Hill via David Road
* 633: Pennant Hills - Castle Hill via Coonara Avenue
* 634: Pennant Hills - Castle Hill - Castlewood Estate
* 635: Macquarie Centre \- Beecroft \- West Pennant Hills Valley - Castle Hill
* 636: Pennant Hills - Castle Hill - Glenhaven
* 637: Pennant Hills - Castle Hill - Glenorie
* 638: Pennant Hills - Castle Hill - Berrilee
* 639: Pennant Hills - Castle Hill - Kenthurst (Pitt Town Road)
* 640: Pennant Hills - Castle Hill - Kenthurst (Porters Road)
* 641: Pennant Hills - Castle Hill - Annangrove Road

The Hillsbus brand actually existed since 2002 as a joint venture between Westbus and Glenorie. Hillsbus introduced a new route 642 on 11 February 2002 between Dural and the city. Hillsbus introduced another three routes from West Pennant Hills to the City on 8 July that year, All four routes operated under the Hillsbus brand. These express routes operated via the M2 and were known as "M2 City" express services. These routes, though operated by Glenorie according to timetables, did not use Westbus or Glenorie buses.

The "M2 City" routes that Glenorie operated were:

* 642: Dural \- Cherrybrook \- City via M2 (operates as Hillsbus)
* 650: West Pennant Hills \- City via M2 (operates as Hillsbus)
* 652: West Pennant Hills - City via M2 (operates as Hillsbus)
* 654: Dural - West Pennant Hills - City via M2 (operates as Hillsbus)

## Glenorie Coaches

In late 2009 a coach charter company was formed under the name Glenorie Coaches using the same cream and aqua as previously carried by Glenorie Bus Company.

## InfoBox

Glenorie Bus Company
| Parent | Todd Family (until 2001)<br>National Express (2001-2004) |
| --- | --- |
| Commenced operation | 1920s |
| Ceased operation | December 2004 |
| Headquarters | Dural |
| Service area | Hills District |
| Service type | Bus services |
| Depots | 1 |
| Fleet | 95 (May 2005) |
| Website | www.glenoriebus.com.au |


title: Glasgow Charity Cup

abstract: The Glasgow Merchants' Charity Cup was a knockout football tournament open to teams from in and around Glasgow and later on in the tournament's history, teams from outwith Glasgow. Invitations were made and sent out by the Glasgow Charity Cup Committee (GCCC) at their discretion, but no criteria were ever published. Like many domestic competitions in Scottish football, it was dominated by the Old Firm of Rangers and Celtic, with 31 and 28 victories each respectively. In the latter years of the tournament, it ceased being a knockout tournament and became a one-off contest between a Glasgow Select and a team invited from the English League.

text:
# Glasgow Charity Cup

The **Glasgow Merchants' Charity Cup** was a knockout football tournament open to teams from in and around Glasgow and later on in the tournament's history, teams from outwith Glasgow. Invitations were made and sent out by the Glasgow Charity Cup Committee (GCCC) at their discretion, but no criteria were ever published.

Like many domestic competitions in Scottish football, it was dominated by the Old Firm of Rangers and Celtic, with 31 and 28 victories each respectively. In the latter years of the tournament, it ceased being a knockout tournament and became a one-off contest between a Glasgow Select and a team invited from the English League.

## Clubs

The early years of the tournament featured teams from outside Glasgow. The committee often invited teams based on name and popularity.

Half of the eight-team draw for the 1887–88 tournament included Hibernian, Dumbarton, Renton, and Vale of Leven. All four clubs were former Scottish Cup winners from outside the city.

## Charity

After Renton were presented with the trophy by the Lord Provost of Glasgow in 1886, it was revealed a total of £5620 had been raised for local charities since the tournament had been instituted (equivalent to almost £750,000 in 2021 rates). An academic study in 2008 calculated that during its 90-year existence the competition raised funds to the value of £11 million.

A portion of the proceeds from 1887–88 went Edinburgh and Dumbartonshire charities, as teams from these areas competed for the cup too.

## Finals

| Season | Winners | Score | Runners-up | Venue | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1876–77 | Queens Park (1) | 40 | Rangers | 1st Hampden Park | 10,000 |
| 1877–78 | Queens Park (2) | 10 | Vale of Leven | | 3,000 |
| 1878–79 | Rangers (1) | 21 | Vale of Leven | | 10,000 |
| 1879–80 | Queen's Park | 11 | Rangers | | 6,500 |
| 1879–80 (R) | Queen's Park (3) | 21 | Rangers | Kinning Park | 5,500 |
| 1880–81 | Queen's Park | 11 | Rangers | 1st Hampden Park | 6,000 |
| 1880–81 (R) | Queen's Park (4) | 31 | Rangers | Kinning Park | 10,000 |
| 1881–82 | Vale of Leven | 22 | Dumbarton | 1st Hampden Park | 7,000 |
| 1881–82 (R) | Vale of Leven (1) | 10 | Dumbarton | | 10,000 |
| 1882–83 | Queen's Park (5) | 41 | Rangers | | 8,000 |
| 1883–84 | Queen's Park | 11 | Third Lanark | 1st Cathkin Park | 5,000 |
| 1883–84 (R) | Queen's Park (6) | 80 | Third Lanark | Titwood Park | 4,000 |
| 1884–85 | Queen's Park (7) | 10 | Dumbarton | 2nd Hampden Park | 2,241 |
| 1885–86 | Renton (1) | 31 | Vale of Leven | | 4,000 |
| 1886–87 | Renton (2) | 10 | Vale of Leven | | 10,000 |
| 1887–88 | Renton (3) | 40 | Cambuslang | | 5,000 |
| 1888–89 | Renton | 22 | Queen's Park | | 8,982 |
| 1889 (R) | Renton (4) | 31 | Queen's Park | | 7,380 |
| 1889–90 | Third Lanark (1) | 21 | Queen's Park | | 8,102 |
| 1890–91 | Queen's Park | 11 | Northern | | 2,204 |
| 1891 (R) | Queen's Park (8) | 91 | Northern | | 1,562 |
| | Due to a scheduling dispute, Celtic, Rangers and Third Lanark declined to compete, instead setting up a League Charity Cup for fundraising purposes – Dumbarton were invited to join them and won the trophy. | | | |
| 1891–92 | Celtic (1) | 20 | Rangers | 1st Celtic Park | 7,000 |
| 1892–93 | Celtic (2) | 50 | Rangers | | 5,000 |
| 1893–94 | Celtic (3) | 21 | Queen's Park | 1st Ibrox Park | 12,000 |
| 1894–95 | Celtic (4) | 40 | Rangers | 1st Cathkin Park | 10,000 |
| 1895–96 | Celtic (5) | 21
(aet) | Queen's Park | 1st Ibrox Park | 12,000 |
| 1896–97 | Rangers (2) | 61 | Third Lanark | 2nd Hampden Park | 10,000 |
| 1897–98 | Third Lanark (2) | 10 | Rangers | 1st Cathkin Park | 8,000 |
| 1898–99 | Celtic (6) | 20 | Rangers | 2nd Hampden Park | 20,000 |
| 1899–1900 | Rangers (3) | 51 | Celtic | | 15,000 |
| 1900–01 | Third Lanark | 00 | Celtic | Gilmorehill | 12,000 |
| 1900–01 (R) | Third Lanark (3) | 30 | Celtic | | 7,000 |
| 1901–02 | Hibernian (1) | 62 | Celtic | 2nd Hampden Park | 8,000 |
| | *Tournament extended to produce more matches, proceeds going to the 1902 Ibrox disaster benefit fund*. | | | | |
| 1902–03 | Celtic (7) | 52 | St Mirren | 1st Cathkin Park | 14,000 |
| 1903–04 | Rangers (4) | 52 | Celtic | Hampden Park | 25,000 |
| 1904–05 | Celtic (8) | 20 | Partick Thistle | Ibrox Park | 12,000 |
| 1905–06 | Rangers (5) | 32 | Queen's Park | Hampden Park | 26,000 |
| 1906–07 | Rangers (6) | 10 | Celtic | Ibrox Park | 35,000 |
| 1907–08 | Celtic (9) | 30 | Queen's Park | Hampden Park | 31,000 |
| 1908–09 | Rangers (7) | 42 | Celtic | Celtic Park | 25,000 |
| 1909–10 | Clyde (1) | 11 | Third Lanark | Hampden Park | 20,000 |
| | *Clyde won 83 on corners.* | | | | | |
| 1910–11 | Rangers (8) | 21 | Celtic | | 25,000 |
| 1911–12 | Celtic (10) | 00 | Clyde | | 25,000 |
| | *Celtic won 72 on corners.* | | | | |
| 1912–13 | Celtic (11) | 32 | Rangers | Celtic Park | 30,000 |
| 1913–14 | Celtic (12) | 60 | Third Lanark | Hampden Park | 8,000 |
| 1914–15 | Celtic (13) | 32 | Rangers | Ibrox Park | 30,000 |
| 1915–16 | Celtic (14) | 20 | Partick Thistle | Hampden Park | 25,000 |
| 1916–17 | Celtic (15) | 10 | Queen's Park | | 35,000 |
| 1917–18 | Celtic (16) | 20 | Partick Thistle | | 30,000 |
| 1918–19 | Rangers (9) | 21 | Queen's Park | | 50,000 |
| 1919–20 | Celtic (17) | 10 | Queen's Park | | 45,000 |
| 1920–21 | Celtic (18) | 20 | Rangers | | 55,000 |
| 1921–22 | Rangers (10) | 31 | Queen's Park | | 43,000 |
| 1922–23 | Rangers (11) | 40 | Queen's Park | Ibrox Park | 35,000 |
| 1923–24 | Celtic (19) | 21 | Rangers | Hampden Park | 27,000 |
| 1924–25 | Rangers (12) | 10 | Clyde | Ibrox Park |
| 1925–26 | Celtic (20) | 21 | Queen's Park | | 24,000 |
| 1926–27 | Partick Thistle (1) | 63
(aet) | Rangers | Hampden Park | 18,599 |
| 1927–28 | Rangers (13) | 31 | Queen's Park | Celtic Park | 27,000 |
| 1928–29 | Rangers (14) | 42 | Celtic | Firhill Park | 25,288 |
| 1929–30 | Rangers (15) | 22 | Celtic | Hampden Park | 35,667 |
| | *Rangers won on toss of a coin.* | | | | | |
| 1930–31 | Rangers (16) | 21 | Queen's Park | | 26,000 |
| 1931–32 | Rangers (17) | 61 | Third Lanark | |  |
| 1932–33 | Rangers (18) | 10 | Queen's Park | | 25,000 |
| 1933–34 | Rangers (19) | 10 | Celtic | | 36,000 |
| 1934–35 | Partick Thistle (2) | 21 | Queen's Park | | 16,550 |
| 1935–36 | Celtic (21) | 42 | Rangers | | 43,000 |
| 1936–37 | Celtic (22) | 43 | Queen's Park | | 21,000 |
| 1937–38 | Celtic (23) | 20 | Rangers | | 40,000 |
| 1938–39 | Rangers (20) | 00 | Third Lanark | | 29,448 |
| | *Rangers won 74 on corners.* | | | | |
| 1939–40 | Rangers (21) | 11 | Clyde | | 12,924 |
| | *Rangers won 72 on corners.* | | | | |
| 1940–41 | Rangers (22) | 30 | Partick Thistle | | 25,000 |
| 1941–42 | Rangers (23) | 31 | Clyde | |  |
| 1942–43 | Celtic (24) | 30 | Third Lanark | | 25,000 |
| 1943–44 | Rangers (24) | 21 | Clyde | | 38,549 |
| 1944–45 | Rangers (25) | 21 | Celtic | | 50,000 |
| 1945–46 | Rangers (26) | 20 | Third Lanark | |  |
| 1946–47 | Rangers (27) | 10 | Celtic | Ibrox Park | 40,000 |
| 1947–48 | Rangers (28) | 20 | Celtic | Hampden Park | 69,000 |
| 1948–49 | Partick Thistle (3) | 21
(aet) | Celtic | |  |
| 1949–50 | Celtic (25) | 32 | Rangers | | 81,000 |
| 1950–51 | Rangers (29) | 20 | Partick Thistle | | 30,000 |
| 1951–52 | Clyde (2) | 22 | Third Lanark (4) | | 25,000 |
| | *Clyde and Third Lanark shared the trophy.* | | | | |
| 1952–53 | Celtic (26) | 31 | Queen's Park | | 41,156 |
| 1953–54 | Third Lanark (5) | 10 | Rangers | | 18,040 |
| 1954–55 | Rangers (30) | 31 | Queen's Park | | 15,552 |
| 1955–56 | Third Lanark (6) | 42 | Partick Thistle | | 15,000 |
| 1956–57 | Rangers (31) | 21 | Queen's Park | Ibrox Park | 22,000 |
| 1957–58 | Clyde (3) | 40 | Rangers | Hampden Park | 18,000 |
| 1958–59 | Celtic (27) | 50 | Clyde | | 20,000 |
| 1959–60 | Rangers (32) | 20 | Partick Thistle | | 8,296 |
| 1960–61 | Celtic (28) | 11 | Clyde (5) | | 12,061 |
| | *Celtic and Clyde shared the trophy.* | | | |
| 1961–62 | *Not held - moved from end-of-season event in May 1961 to start-of-season event in August 1962.* | | | | |
| 1962–63 | Manchester United (1) | 42 | Glasgow Select | Hampden Park | 82,000 |
| 1963–64 | Glasgow Select (1) | 21 | Manchester United | | 48,576 |
| 1964–65 | Glasgow Select (2) | 43 | Tottenham Hotspur | | 58,768 |
| 1965–66 | Chelsea (1) | 30 | Glasgow Select | | 36,000 |
| 1966–67 | Glasgow Select (3) | 11 | Leeds United (1) | | 15,000 |
| | *Glasgow Select and Leeds United shared the trophy*. | | | |
| 1967–68 | *Glasgow Select v Arsenal was scheduled for August. Poor conditions and continuous conflicts with rescheduling meant tie was never played.* | | | | |

## Performance by club

| Club | Wins | Last win | Runners-up | Last final lost |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Rangers | 32 | 1960 | 19 | 1958 |
| Celtic | 28 | 1961 | 14 | 1949 |
| Queen's Park | 8 | 1891 | 20 | 1957 |
| Third Lanark | 6 | 1956 | 8 | 1946 |
| Clyde | 4 | 1961 | 6 | 1959 |
| Renton | 4 | 1889 |  |  |
| Partick Thistle | 3 | 1949 | 7 | 1960 |
| Glasgow Select | 3 | 1966 | 2 | 1965 |
| Vale of Leven | 1 | 1882 | 4 | 1887 |
| Manchester United | 1 | 1962 | 1 | 1963 |
| Hibernian | 1 | 1902 |  |  |
| Chelsea | 1 | 1965 |  |  |
| Leeds United | 1 | 1966 |  |  |
| Dumbarton |  |  | 2 | 1885 |
| Cambuslang |  |  | 1 | 1888 |
| Northern |  |  | 1 | 1891 |
| St Mirren |  |  | 1 | 1903 |
| Tottenham Hotspur |  |  | 1 | 1964 |

1. Includes one shared (1961 with Clyde).
2. Includes one shared (1952 with Clyde).
3. Includes two shared (1952 with Third Lanark and 1961 with Celtic).
4. Includes one shared (1966 with Leeds United).
5. Includes one shared (1966 with Glasgow Select).

## InfoBox

Glasgow Merchants Charity Cup
| Sport | Football |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1877 |
| Ceased | 1966 |
| No. of teams | various from Glasgow
few from elsewhere in Scotland
few from England |
| Country | Scotland
England *(from 1962 to 1966)* |
| Last
champion(s) | Glasgow Select *(3rd title)* |
| Most titles | Rangers *(32 titles)* |


title: Qaisar Bagh

abstract: Qaisarbagh, also spelled Qaiserbagh, Kaisarbagh or Kaiserbagh, is a palace complex in the city of Lucknow, located in the Awadh region of India. It was built by Wajid Ali Shah (1847–1856), the last Nawab of Awadh. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, it was used as a stronghold of Begum Hazrat Mahal the Begum of Awadh, who played a leading role in the uprising. The campaigning Irish journalist William Howard Russell wrote a classic account of the looting of the Qaisar Bagh in 1858 by drunken British troops in the course of the Great Uprising/Indian Mutiny. A kiosk from the Qaisar Bagh gardens was sent to England as a tribute for Queen Victoria and now stands in the Frogmore Gardens at Windsor Castle. Though a major part of the palace was destroyed by British soldiers and lies in ruins, currently it is a major tourist spot of Lucknow.

text:
# Qaisar Bagh

**Qaisarbagh** (Hindi: क़ैसरबाग़, Urdu: قيصر باغ, pronounced \[qɛːsərˈbaːɣ\], *Emperor's Garden*), also spelled **Qaiserbagh**, **Kaisarbagh** or **Kaiserbagh**, is a palace complex in the city of Lucknow, located in the Awadh region of India. It was built by Wajid Ali Shah (1847–1856), the last Nawab of Awadh.

During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, it was used as a stronghold of Begum Hazrat Mahal the Begum of Awadh, who played a leading role in the uprising.

The campaigning Irish journalist William Howard Russell wrote a classic account of the looting of the Qaisar Bagh in 1858 by drunken British troops in the course of the Great Uprising/Indian Mutiny. A kiosk from the Qaisar Bagh gardens was sent to England as a tribute for Queen Victoria and now stands in the Frogmore Gardens at Windsor Castle.

Though a major part of the palace was destroyed by British soldiers and lies in ruins, currently it is a major tourist spot of Lucknow.

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26°51′24.57″N 80°55′34.92″E / 26.8568250°N 80.9263667°E / 26.8568250; 80.9263667