title: Never Wanted to Be That Girl

abstract: "Never Wanted to Be That Girl" is a song recorded by American country music singer-songwriters Carly Pearce and Ashley McBryde. It was written by McBryde and Pearce, along with Shane McAnally. The track was released as the second single from Pearce's third studio album, 29: Written in Stone. The song has since reached number one on the Billboard Country Airplay chart and received critical attention from music critics. It received four nominations at the 56th Annual Country Music Association Awards, winning Musical Event of the Year, and won the Grammy Award for Best Country Duo/Group Performance at the 65th ceremony.

text:
# Never Wanted to Be That Girl

"**Never Wanted to Be That Girl**" is a song recorded by American country music singer-songwriters Carly Pearce and Ashley McBryde. It was written by McBryde and Pearce, along with Shane McAnally. The track was released as the second single from Pearce's third studio album, *29: Written in Stone*. The song has since reached number one on the *Billboard* Country Airplay chart and received critical attention from music critics. It received four nominations at the 56th Annual Country Music Association Awards, winning Musical Event of the Year, and won the Grammy Award for Best Country Duo/Group Performance at the 65th ceremony.

## Background and content

Pearce reached commercial success with charting country singles like "Every Little Thing", "I Hope You're Happy Now" and "Next Girl". Following several challenging personal struggles, she released her third studio album in 2021 titled *29: Written in Stone*. The album's material reflects on Pearce's personal difficulties and includes "Never Wanted to Be That Girl". Pearce and McBryde composed the track together, along with Shane McAnally. It was also produced by McAnally, along with Josh Osborne and Jimmy Robbins. All three individuals also produced *29: Written in Stone*.

The song tells the story of two women who realize they are in love with the same man. Pearce plays the role of a married woman, while McBryde plays the role of a mistress. Pearce explained that the song was not necessarily about her own personal challenges but instead could be about any woman's situation. "I think it’s a story that happens more times than people even want to admit. This should be looked at as two female artists coming together to write a truth that so many women live," she told *Taste of Country*.

## Critical reception

Jon Freeman of *Rolling Stone* described the track as "a top flight cheating song", comparing it to Linda Davis and Reba McEntire's duet hit "Does He Love You". Freeman also commented that it "ditches the campy melodrama for a bracing jolt of regret and clarity". Billy Dukes of *Taste of Country* called the tune "a tortured ballad" in his review. Dukes also noted comparisons to "Does He Love You", but also found the track had a maturity to it that was unlike Pearce's previous releases: "The soft, complicated emotions required to share this kind of vulnerability aren't the kind a 20-something is aware of. You need to have lived life and possibly even gone through a public divorce, as both McEntire and Pearce had prior to recording."

## Release

"Never Wanted to Be That Girl" was released as a single on September 15, 2021, two days prior to *29: Written in Stone*. The album itself was then released on September 17, 2021. Both projects were distributed on Big Machine Records. The single received the most adds to radio station playlists in its first week of release. It had been since 2007's "Because of You" duet between Reba McEntire and Kelly Clarkson that a female duet received as many adds to radio.

## Chart performance

The track debuted at number 35 on the *Billboard* Country Airplay chart. It also charted on the *Billboard* Hot 100 and the Canadian Hot 100, peaking at numbers 63 and 59, respectively. The song reached the top of the Country Airplay chart dated May 14, 2022, becoming Pearce's third number one on that chart and McBryde's first.

## Charts

## Certifications

Certifications for "Never Wanted to Be That Girl"
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Platinum | 80,000 |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Accolades

| Year | Organization | Award/work | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2022 | Academy of Country Music Awards | Music Event of the Year | Won |
| | Music Video of the Year | Nominated |
| | Country Music Association Awards | Song of the Year | Nominated |
| | Single of the Year | Nominated |
| | Musical Event of the Year | Won |
| | Music Video of the Year | Nominated |
| 2023 | Grammy Awards | Best Country Duo/Group Performance | Won |

## InfoBox

| "Never Wanted to Be That Girl" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Carly Pearce and Ashley McBryde | |
| from the album  *29: Written in Stone* | |
| Released | September 15, 2021 (2021-09-15) |
| Genre | Country |
| Length | 3:34 |
| Label | Big Machine |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) |  |
| Carly Pearce singles chronology | |
| "Next Girl"
(2020) "**Never Wanted to Be That Girl**"
(2021) "What He Didn't Do"
(2022) | |
|  | |
| Ashley McBryde singles chronology | |
| "Martha Divine"
(2020) "**Never Wanted to Be That Girl**"
(2021) "Light On in the Kitchen"
(2023) | |
| Music video | |
| "Never Wanted to Be That Girl" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Mike Hall (journalist)

abstract: Michael Hall, better known as Mike Hall, is an English sports journalist and presenter for ITV regional news programme Granada Reports. Brought up in Wigan, Hall worked for a local newspaper in the Newton-le-Willows area before joining ITV Granada's sports department in 2000, making his on-screen debut six years later. Alongside sports reporting duties, he is also a stand-in presenter for the programme. In November 2014, Hall won the award for Broadcast Presenter of the Year at the O2 North West Media Awards.

text:
# Mike Hall (journalist)

**Michael Hall**, better known as **Mike Hall** (born 3 April 1974), is an English sports journalist and presenter for ITV regional news programme Granada Reports.

Brought up in Wigan, Hall worked for a local newspaper in the Newton-le-Willows area before joining ITV Granada's sports department in 2000, making his on-screen debut six years later. Alongside sports reporting duties, he is also a stand-in presenter for the programme.

In November 2014, Hall won the award for Broadcast Presenter of the Year at the O2 North West Media Awards.

Mike Hall on Twitter


title: Vanessa Palacios

abstract: Vanessa Magda Palacios Silva is a Peruvian volleyball player who plays as Libero for the Peru women's national volleyball team.

text:
# Vanessa Palacios

**Vanessa Magda Palacios Silva** (born July 3, 1984, in Lima, Peru) is a Peruvian volleyball player who plays as Libero for the Peru women's national volleyball team.

## Career

Palacios was awarded Best Libero in the 2009/10 season from the Spanish Superliga .

## Clubs

* Divino Maestro
* CV Venidorm (2003–2008)
* CV Sanse (2008–2009)
* CV Tenerife (2009–2010)
* Divino Maestro (2010-2011)
* CV Tenerife (2011-2012)
* Vannes VB (2012-2013)
* CV Universidad César Vallejo (205-2016)
* Istres Provence Volley (2016-2017)
* Volley Club Marcq-en-Barœul (2017-)

## Awards

### Individuals

### National Team

#### Senior Team

## InfoBox

| Vanessa Palacios | |
| --- | --- |
| French Cup 2013 | |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Vanessa Magda Palacios Silva |
| Nickname | Choco |
| Born | (1984-07-03) July 3, 1984<br>Lima, Peru |
| Hometown | Lima, Peru |
| Height | 1.67 m (5 ft 5+12 in) |
| Weight | 66 kg (146 lb) |
| Spike | 275 cm (108 in) |
| Block | 260 cm (100 in) |
| Volleyball information | |
| Position | Libero |
| Current club | Vannes VB |
| Number | 5 |
| National team | |
| 2005 - Peru | |
| Honours      Women's Volleyball  Representing Peru  Pan-American Cup  2010 Rosarito/Tijuana  National team  South American Championship  2005 La Paz  National team  2007 Santiago  National team  2009 Porto Alegre  National team  2011 Callao  National team  Final Four Cup  2010 Chiapas  National team | |
| Last updated: October 2011 | |


abstract: RPM was a Canadian magazine that published the best-performing singles of Canada from 1964 to 2000. During 1983, twenty-seven singles became number-one hits in Canada. Toni Basil commenced the year with her single "Mickey" while Paul McCartney and Michael Jackson's "Say Say Say" was 1983's final number one. Those who had previously reached number one on Canada's chart were Marvin Gaye, Michael Jackson, Styx, The Police, Elton John, Bonnie Tyler, Kenny Rogers, Dolly Parton, Lionel Richie, and Paul McCartney. No Canadians reached the summit in 1983. The most successful artist of the year based on the number of chart-toppers and weeks spent at number one was Michael Jackson. He gained his first Canadian number-one hit this year with "Billie Jean" in March, then attained the chart's top position three more times with "Beat It" in May, "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'" in July, and "Say Say Say" in December. In total, Jackson remained at number one for 10 weeks during 1983. Despite this success, it was British band The Police that achieved the best-performing hit of 1983, "Every Breath You Take", which stayed at number one on the issues of 2 July and 9 July. Alongside Jackson, The Police were also the only act to peak at number one more than once, rising to the top again in October with "King of Pain". Together with "Every Breath You Take", the band remained at number one for three issues. Toni Basil's "Mickey", Musical Youth's "Pass the Dutchie", Michael Jackson's "Beat It", Irene Cara's "Flashdance... What a Feeling", Michael Sembello's "Maniac", Lionel Richie's "All Night Long", and Paul McCartney and Michael Jackson's "Say Say Say" were the seven tracks that stayed at number one for at least three weeks.

text:
# List of number-one singles of 1983 (Canada)

*RPM* was a Canadian magazine that published the best-performing singles of Canada from 1964 to 2000. During 1983, twenty-seven singles became number-one hits in Canada. Toni Basil commenced the year with her single "Mickey" while Paul McCartney and Michael Jackson's "Say Say Say" was 1983's final number one. Those who had previously reached number one on Canada's chart were Marvin Gaye, Michael Jackson, Styx, The Police, Elton John, Bonnie Tyler, Kenny Rogers, Dolly Parton, Lionel Richie, and Paul McCartney. No Canadians reached the summit in 1983.

The most successful artist of the year based on the number of chart-toppers and weeks spent at number one was Michael Jackson. He gained his first Canadian number-one hit this year with "Billie Jean" in March, then attained the chart's top position three more times with "Beat It" in May, "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'" in July, and "Say Say Say" in December. In total, Jackson remained at number one for 10 weeks during 1983. Despite this success, it was British band The Police that achieved the best-performing hit of 1983, "Every Breath You Take", which stayed at number one on the issues of 2 July and 9 July.

Alongside Jackson, The Police were also the only act to peak at number one more than once, rising to the top again in October with "King of Pain". Together with "Every Breath You Take", the band remained at number one for three issues. Toni Basil's "Mickey", Musical Youth's "Pass the Dutchie", Michael Jackson's "Beat It", Irene Cara's "Flashdance... What a Feeling", Michael Sembello's "Maniac", Lionel Richie's "All Night Long (All Night)", and Paul McCartney and Michael Jackson's "Say Say Say" were the seven tracks that stayed at number one for at least three weeks.

Key
| Indicates best-performing single of 1983 |
| --- |

## Chart history

| Issue date | Song | Artist | Reference |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 January | "Mickey" | Toni Basil |  |
| 8 January | | | |
| 15 January | | |  |
| 22 January | "Pass the Dutchie" | Musical Youth |  |
| 29 January | | |  |
| 5 February | | |  |
| 12 February | "Africa" | Toto |  |
| 19 February | "Sexual Healing" | Marvin Gaye |  |
| 26 February | | |  |
| 5 March | "Do You Really Want to Hurt Me" | Culture Club |  |
| 12 March | | |  |
| 19 March | "Hungry Like the Wolf" | Duran Duran |  |
| 26 March | "Billie Jean" | Michael Jackson |  |
| 2 April | | |  |
| 9 April | "Mr. Roboto" | Styx |  |
| 16 April | | |  |
| 23 April | "She Blinded Me with Science" | Thomas Dolby |  |
| 30 April | | |  |
| 7 May | "Let's Dance" | David Bowie |  |
| 14 May | "Beat It" | Michael Jackson |  |
| 21 May | | |  |
| 28 May | | |  |
| 4 June | "Flashdance... What a Feeling" | Irene Cara |  |
| 11 June | | |  |
| 18 June | | |  |
| 25 June | "Electric Avenue" | Eddy Grant |  |
| 2 July | "Every Breath You Take" | The Police |  |
| 9 July | | |  |
| 16 July | "I'm Still Standing" | Elton John |  |
| 23 July | "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'" | Michael Jackson |  |
| 30 July | | |  |
| 6 August | "White Wedding" | Billy Idol |  |
| 13 August | "Total Eclipse of the Heart" | Bonnie Tyler |  |
| 20 August | | |  |
| 27 August | "Our House" | Madness |  |
| 3 September | | |  |
| 10 September | "Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)" | Eurythmics |  |
| 17 September | | |  |
| 24 September | "Maniac" | Michael Sembello |  |
| 1 October | | |  |
| 8 October | | |  |
| 15 October | "King of Pain" | The Police |  |
| 22 October | "One Thing Leads to Another" | The Fixx |  |
| 29 October | "True" | Spandau Ballet |  |
| 5 November | | |  |
| 12 November | "Islands in the Stream" | Kenny Rogers and Dolly Parton |  |
| 19 November | | |  |
| 26 November | "All Night Long (All Night)" | Lionel Richie |  |
| 3 December | | |  |
| 10 December | | |  |
| 17 December | "Say Say Say" | Paul McCartney and Michael Jackson |  |
| 24 December | | |  |
| 31 December | | |  |

1. "RPM 50 Singles – December 25, 1982". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
2. "RPM 50 Singles – January 15, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
3. "RPM 50 Singles – January 22, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
4. "RPM 50 Singles – January 29, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
5. "RPM 50 Singles – February 5, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
6. "RPM 50 Singles – February 12, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
7. "RPM 50 Singles – February 19, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
8. "RPM 50 Singles – February 26, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
9. "RPM 50 Singles – March 5, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
10. "RPM 50 Singles – March 12, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
11. "RPM 50 Singles – March 19, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
12. "RPM 50 Singles – March 26, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
13. "RPM 50 Singles – April 2, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
14. "RPM 50 Singles – April 9, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
15. "RPM 50 Singles – April 16, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
16. "RPM 50 Singles – April 23, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
17. "RPM 50 Singles – April 30, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
18. "RPM 50 Singles – May 7, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
19. "RPM 50 Singles – May 14, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
20. "RPM 50 Singles – May 21, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
21. "RPM 50 Singles – May 28, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
22. "RPM 50 Singles – June 4, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
23. "RPM 50 Singles – June 11, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
24. "RPM 50 Singles – June 18, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
25. "RPM 50 Singles – June 25, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
26. "The Top Singles of 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
27. "RPM 50 Singles – July 2, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
28. "RPM 50 Singles – July 9, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
29. "RPM 50 Singles – July 16, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
30. "RPM 50 Singles – July 23, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
31. "RPM 50 Singles – July 30, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
32. "RPM 50 Singles – August 6, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
33. "RPM 50 Singles – August 13, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
34. "RPM 50 Singles – August 20, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
35. "RPM 50 Singles – August 27, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
36. "RPM 50 Singles – September 3, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
37. "RPM 50 Singles – September 10, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
38. "RPM 50 Singles – September 17, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
39. "RPM 50 Singles – September 24, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
40. "RPM 50 Singles – October 1, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
41. "RPM 50 Singles – October 8, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
42. "RPM 50 Singles – October 15, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
43. "RPM 50 Singles – October 22, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
44. "RPM 50 Singles – October 29, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
45. "RPM 50 Singles – November 5, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
46. "RPM 50 Singles – November 12, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
47. "RPM 50 Singles – November 19, 1983" (PDF). *RPM*. Vol. 39, no. 12. p. 6. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
48. "RPM 50 Singles – November 26, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
49. "RPM 50 Singles – December 3, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
50. "RPM 50 Singles – December 10, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
51. "RPM 50 Singles – December 17, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
52. "RPM 50 Singles – December 24, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
53. "RPM 50 Singles – December 31, 1983". *RPM*. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 April 2019.


title: Murex salomonensis

abstract: Murex salomonensis is a species of large predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the rock snails or murex snails.

text:
# Murex salomonensis

***Murex salomonensis*** is a species of large predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the rock snails or murex snails.

## InfoBox

| *Murex salomonensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Muricidae |
| Genus: | *Murex* |
| Species: | ***M. salomonensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Murex salomonensis***<br>Parth, 1994 | |
|


title: Wuning County

abstract: Wuning County is a county in the northwest of Jiangxi Province, China, bordering Hubei Province to the north. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Jiujiang.

text:
# Wuning County

**Wuning County** (simplified Chinese: 武宁县; traditional Chinese: 武寧縣; pinyin: *Wǔníng Xiàn*) is a county in the northwest of Jiangxi Province, China, bordering Hubei Province to the north. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Jiujiang.

## Administrative divisions

Wuning County has one subdistrict, 8 towns and 11 townships.

1 subdistrict 8 towns

|  |  |
| --- | --- |

11 townships

|  |  |
| --- | --- |

## Climate

| Climate data for Wuning (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 24.3
(75.7) | 27.6
(81.7) | 32.8
(91.0) | 34.0
(93.2) | 37.5
(99.5) | 37.9
(100.2) | 40.8
(105.4) | 41.7
(107.1) | 39.7
(103.5) | 35.9
(96.6) | 30.0
(86.0) | 22.6
(72.7) | 41.7
(107.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.0
(48.2) | 11.7
(53.1) | 16.1
(61.0) | 22.6
(72.7) | 27.1
(80.8) | 29.8
(85.6) | 33.5
(92.3) | 33.2
(91.8) | 29.3
(84.7) | 24.1
(75.4) | 17.9
(64.2) | 11.8
(53.2) | 22.2
(71.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.1
(41.2) | 7.4
(45.3) | 11.3
(52.3) | 17.3
(63.1) | 22.1
(71.8) | 25.3
(77.5) | 28.5
(83.3) | 28.1
(82.6) | 24.4
(75.9) | 18.9
(66.0) | 12.9
(55.2) | 7.3
(45.1) | 17.4
(63.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.2
(36.0) | 4.2
(39.6) | 7.9
(46.2) | 13.4
(56.1) | 18.3
(64.9) | 22.0
(71.6) | 24.9
(76.8) | 24.6
(76.3) | 20.8
(69.4) | 15.1
(59.2) | 9.2
(48.6) | 3.9
(39.0) | 13.9
(57.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −6.4
(20.5) | −5.1
(22.8) | −1.9
(28.6) | 0.8
(33.4) | 8.9
(48.0) | 13.6
(56.5) | 18.5
(65.3) | 18.6
(65.5) | 11.6
(52.9) | 1.6
(34.9) | −1.1
(30.0) | −8.7
(16.3) | −8.7
(16.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 80.3
(3.16) | 93.9
(3.70) | 155.5
(6.12) | 190.0
(7.48) | 207.3
(8.16) | 248.6
(9.79) | 185.8
(7.31) | 117.9
(4.64) | 78.8
(3.10) | 63.0
(2.48) | 71.4
(2.81) | 47.2
(1.86) | 1,539.7
(60.61) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 13.1 | 12.5 | 16.3 | 15.7 | 15.3 | 15.3 | 12.8 | 11.8 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 10.1 | 9.7 | 149.4 |
| Average snowy days | 3.8 | 2.4 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 1.4 | 8.3 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 78 | 78 | 79 | 78 | 79 | 83 | 79 | 78 | 76 | 74 | 76 | 74 | 78 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 78.1 | 80.9 | 97.6 | 122.4 | 137.5 | 122.0 | 191.7 | 184.9 | 151.2 | 142.0 | 120.2 | 113.5 | 1,542 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 24 | 25 | 26 | 32 | 33 | 29 | 45 | 46 | 41 | 40 | 38 | 36 | 35 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Wuning County 武宁县 | |
| --- | --- |
| County | |
| Location of Wuning County (red) within Jiujiang City (yellow) and Jiangxi | |
| Coordinates: 29°14′49″N 115°05′35″E / 29.247°N 115.093°E / 29.247; 115.093 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Jiangxi |
| Prefecture-level city | Jiujiang |
| Area | |
| Total | 3,507 km2 (1,354 sq mi) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 408,300 |
| Density | 120/km2 (300/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 332300 |


title: Wuning Road station

abstract: Wuning Road is an interchange station on Line 13 and Line 14 on the Shanghai Metro. Line 13 opened on 28 December 2014. It became an interchange station with commencement of operations on line 14 on 30 December 2021.

text:
# Wuning Road station

**Wuning Road** (simplified Chinese: 武宁路; traditional Chinese: 武寧路; pinyin: *Wǔníng Lù*) is an interchange station on Line 13 and Line 14 on the Shanghai Metro. Line 13 opened on 28 December 2014. It became an interchange station with commencement of operations on line 14 on 30 December 2021.

## Station Layout

| **G** | Entrances and Exits | Exits 1-5 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **B1** | Line 13 Concourse | Faregates, Station Agent |
| | Line 14 Concourse | Faregates, Station Agent |
| **B2** | Northbound | Line 14 towards Fengbang (Caoyang Road) |
| | Island platform, doors open on the left | |
| | Southbound | Line 14 towards Guiqiao Road (Wuding Road) |
| **B3** | Westbound | Line 13 towards Jinyun Road (Longde Road) |
| | Island platform, doors open on the left | |
| | Eastbound | Line 13 towards Zhangjiang Road (Changshou Road) |

## InfoBox

| Wuning Road
武宁路 | |
| --- | --- |
| Wuning Road platform | |
| General information | |
| Location | Changshou Road and Wuning Road (武宁路)
Putuo District and Jing'an District boundary, Shanghai
China |
| Coordinates | 31°14′09″N 121°25′33″E / 31.2358°N 121.4258°E / 31.2358; 121.4258 |
| Operated by | Shanghai No. 2 Metro Operation Co. Ltd. |
| Line(s) |  |
| Platforms | 4 (2 island platforms) |
| Tracks | 4 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Underground |
| Accessible | Yes |
| History | |
| Opened | 28 December 2014 (Line 13)
30 December 2021 (Line 14) |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station Shanghai Metro Following station  Longde Roadtowards Jinyun Road  Line 13  Changshou Roadtowards Zhangjiang Road  Caoyang Roadtowards Fengbang  Line 14  Wuding Roadtowards Guiqiao Road | |
|  | |
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title: Murder of Alfred Kunz

abstract: The Rev. Alfred Joseph Kunz was a Catholic priest who was found with his throat slit in his Roman Catholic church in Dane, Wisconsin. By 2009, 11 years later, Kunz's unsolved murder was likely the most expensive and time-consuming homicide investigation in Dane County's history. Kunz was known for celebrating the Traditional Latin Mass as well as the Mass in English and was in communion with his diocesan bishop. "Father Kunz was a well-known expert in canon law, so he knew how to walk the lines," Bill Brophy, a spokesman for the Madison, Wisconsin Catholic Diocese said shortly after his murder. Kunz was pastor at the church for 32 years before his death. In 2019, the Kunz case was featured on the "Unsolved III: The Devil You Know" podcast, a project of the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. In 2022, the case was featured in an episode of the HLN original series "Real Life Nightmare with Paul Holes." Former Dane County Sheriff Dave Mahoney said in a March 2023 interview: "At some point in time, [the killer needs] to resolve it in their own soul and own mind and come forward. It resonates and haunts, if you will, myself and many, many others who want this resolved, and I look forward to the day that it can be resolved, and I'll sleep better." In 2024, Detective Gwen Ruppert of the Dane County Sheriff's Office revealed to Catholic commentator Matt C. Abbott that in addition to having his throat slit, Kunz was stabbed. She also revealed that a partial DNA sample discovered in the early 2010s after forensic evidence was retested has been used to eliminate several persons of interest thus far. The Sheriff's Office is confident the DNA sample belongs to the killer. Ruppert expressed how difficult a case such as this one is to solve: "This is the hardest type of ‘who-dun-it’ case for law enforcement: a solitary man, with no -- or very limited -- witnesses to his life. No calendar, no phone, not married, no close family. Someone who had to live his life in privacy while keeping the secrets of others." The Sheriff's Office is still seeking tips from the public.

text:
# Murder of Alfred Kunz

**The Rev. Alfred Joseph Kunz** (April 15, 1930  March 4, 1998) was a Catholic priest who was found with his throat slit in his Roman Catholic church in Dane, Wisconsin. By 2009, 11 years later, Kunz's unsolved murder was likely the most expensive and time-consuming homicide investigation in Dane County's history.

Kunz was known for celebrating the Traditional Latin Mass as well as the Mass in English and was in communion with his diocesan bishop. "Father Kunz was a well-known expert in canon law, so he knew how to walk the lines," Bill Brophy, a spokesman for the Madison, Wisconsin Catholic Diocese said shortly after his murder. Kunz was pastor at the church for 32 years before his death.

In 2019, the Kunz case was featured on the "Unsolved III: The Devil You Know" podcast, a project of the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. In 2022, the case was featured in an episode of the HLN (owned by CNN) original series "Real Life Nightmare with Paul Holes."

Former Dane County Sheriff Dave Mahoney said in a March 2023 interview: "At some point in time, \[the killer needs\] to resolve it in their own soul and own mind and come forward. It resonates and haunts, if you will, myself and many, many others who want this resolved, and I look forward to the day that it can be resolved, and I'll sleep better."

In 2024, Detective Gwen Ruppert of the Dane County Sheriff's Office revealed to Catholic commentator Matt C. Abbott that in addition to having his throat slit, Kunz was stabbed (fewer than 10 times). She also revealed that a partial DNA sample discovered in the early 2010s after forensic evidence was retested has been used to eliminate several persons of interest thus far. The Sheriff's Office is confident the DNA sample belongs to the killer. Ruppert expressed how difficult a case such as this one is to solve: "This is the hardest type of ‘who-dun-it’ case for law enforcement: a solitary man, with no -- or very limited -- witnesses to his life. No calendar, no phone, not married, no close family. Someone who had to live his life in privacy while keeping the secrets of others." The Sheriff's Office is still seeking tips from the public.


title: Murilo Mendes

abstract: Murilo Monteiro Mendes was a Brazilian Modernist poet, considered to be one of the forerunners of the Surrealist movement in Brazil.

text:
# Murilo Mendes

**Murilo Monteiro Mendes** (May 13, 1901 – August 13, 1975) was a Brazilian Modernist poet, considered to be one of the forerunners of the Surrealist movement in Brazil.

## Biography

Mendes was born in Juiz de Fora, in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, on May 13, 1901. He subsequently moved to Niterói in order to finish his high school, and settled in Rio de Janeiro afterwards. Mendes alleges that two happenings of his life inspired him to become a poet: the sighting of Halley's Comet in 1910, and a performance of Russian ballet dancer Vaslav Nijinsky he attended in 1917.

Between 1924 and 1929, Mendes published his first poems in the Modernist magazines *Antropofagia* and *Verde*. His first poetry book, simply called *Poemas*, was published in 1930; it won the Graça Aranha Prize. His second poetry book, *Bumba-Meu-Poeta*, was released shortly afterwards, and in 1933, Mendes published *História do Brasil*.

Since the 1920s Mendes was very close friends with Modernist painter Ismael Nery; Nery painted a portrait of Mendes in 1922, and also influenced him to convert himself to Roman Catholicism (Mendes was previously an Atheist). Nery died in 1934, leaving Mendes confused and saddened; this, along with his newly found faith, influenced the writing process of his book *Tempo e Eternidade*, written in conjunction with Jorge de Lima and published in 1935.

Until 1935 he worked as a telegrapher and as a bookkeeper. In 1936 he became a school inspector, and in 1946 he became a scrivener. In 1947 he married Maria da Saudade Cortesão, but they would not have any children.

From 1953 onwards Mendes would travel around Europe, settling in Italy in 1957, where he became a teacher of Brazilian literature in the Sapienza University of Rome, and later in the University of Pisa. Around this time, Mendes' works started to be translated and published in Portugal, Spain and Italy.

Having moved to Portugal, Mendes received the Prémio Internacional de Poesia Etna-Taormina in 1972, and after a short visit to Brazil, he returned to Europe and published his last book, *Retratos-Relâmpago*, in 1973. Two years later, in 1975, Mendes died in Lisbon.

After his death, Mendes' library of some 2,800 works was donated to the Federal University of Juiz de Fora by his widow. This forms the basis of the collection of the Museu de Arte Murilo Mendes (MAMM), inaugurated in 2005 in Juiz de Fora.

## Works

* *Poemas* (1930)
* *Bumba-Meu-Poeta* (1930)
* *História do Brasil* (1933)
* *Tempo e Eternidade* (1935 — co-written by Jorge de Lima)
* *A Poesia em Pânico* (1938)
* *O Visionário* (1941)
* *As Metamorfoses* (1944)
* *O Discípulo de Emaús* (1944)
* *Mundo-Enigma* (1945)
* *Poesia-Liberdade* (1947)
* *Janela do Caos* (1948)
* *Contemplação de Ouro Preto* (1954)
* *Tempo Espanhol* (1959)
* *Poliedro* (1962)
* *A Idade do Serrote* (1968)
* *Convergência* (1972)
* *Retratos-Relâmpago* (1973)

## InfoBox

| Murilo Mendes | |
| --- | --- |
| A portrait of Mendes painted in 1922 by Ismael Nery | |
| Born | Murilo Monteiro Mendes
(1901-05-13)May 13, 1901
Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil |
| Died | August 13, 1975(1975-08-13) (aged 74)
Lisbon, Portugal |
| Occupation | Poet |
| Notable work | *Poemas*, *Bumba-Meu-Poeta* |


title: X-Men: The 198

abstract: X-Men: The 198 is a comic book limited series that was published by Marvel Comics and set in the Marvel Universe shortly after the House of M and Decimation events. The five-issue series began publication in January 2006. The series focuses on the supporting cast of the X-Men, whose ranks have been severely depleted following Decimation.

text:
# X-Men: The 198

***X-Men: The 198*** is a comic book limited series that was published by Marvel Comics and set in the Marvel Universe shortly after the *House of M* and *Decimation* events. The five-issue series began publication in January 2006.

The series focuses on the supporting cast of the X-Men, whose ranks have been severely depleted following *Decimation*.

## Plot

In *House of M* #7, the Scarlet Witch removes the powers of the overwhelming majority of the world's mutants in an event, eventually called "M-Day". As a reaction, the United States government forms a superhuman-monitoring Office of National Emergency (ONE), and sets up a team of human-piloted Sentinel robots (Sentinel Squad ONE) to monitor the Xavier Institute. *X-Men: The 198* revolves around the tension and conflicts of the 198 mutant refugees on the Xavier Institute grounds and the Sentinel Squad ONE. Tensions also rise between X-Men.

## Xavier's Mansion Mutant Sanctuary

After the events of Decimation, many of the remaining mutants sought refuge at the Xavier Institute. Due to the suggestion of Erg, they are referred to as **The 198**. These include the following:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

The list excludes Xavier Institute staff members and the remaining student body as well as the Sentinel Squad O\*N\*E.

## The 198 Files

The **198 Files** is a database maintained by O\*N\*E that attempts to classify and provide intelligence on the mutants whose powers remained after M-Day. The one-shot ***X-Men: The 198 Files*** is set in the style of a government dossier and sent to O\*N\*E's deputy director Valerie Cooper. It provides the classification of 134 of the 198 mutants supposedly unaffected by M-Day and was released in January 2006 as a counterpart to the five-part limited series *The 198* which shows the conflict of the remaining mutants seeking refuge at the Xavier Institute, and the Sentinel Squad O\*N\*E.

## Bibliography

* *X-Men: The 198 Files* (January 2006)
* *X-Men: The 198* #1-5 (January–May 2006)

## InfoBox

| *X-Men: The 198* | |
| --- | --- |
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | Marvel Comics |
| Format | Limited series |
| Genre |  |
| Publication date | 2006 |
| No. of issues | 5 |


title: X-Men: Phoenix – Warsong

abstract: X-Men: Phoenix – Warsong is an American five-issue comic book limited series released in 2006, beginning in September. The series is a sequel to X-Men: Phoenix - Endsong. It is written by Greg Pak and illustrated by Tyler Kirkham. In an interview, Author Greg Pak said "This is not a Jean Grey resurrection story." A hardcover "Marvel Premiere Edition" was released on July 18, 2007, compiling all five issues.

text:
# X-Men: Phoenix – Warsong

***X-Men: Phoenix – Warsong*** is an American five-issue comic book limited series released in 2006, beginning in September. The series is a sequel to *X-Men: Phoenix - Endsong*. It is written by Greg Pak and illustrated by Tyler Kirkham.

In an interview, Author Greg Pak said "This is not a Jean Grey resurrection story."

A hardcover "Marvel Premiere Edition" was released on July 18, 2007, compiling all five issues.

## Plot

The story revolves around the Stepford Cuckoos and includes the team from Astonishing X-Men.

In the first issue, a piece of the Phoenix Force attaches itself to the three remaining Stepford Cuckoos, amplifies their telepathic power, and gives them the power of telekinesis. With their newfound abilities, the girls overcome Emma Frost's psychic detention and resurrect their deceased sisters Esme and Sophie. Kid Omega also wakes, once again, from his stasis in Beast's lab.

In the second issue, several revelations come to the forefront: both for the audience, as well as the Cuckoos themselves. It is shown that the girls' bones are actually composed of or bonded to a yet-to-be disclosed metal. We also learn that they have the ability to mentally communicate with each other in binary language, at a rate far too rapid for other telepaths to decipher. Emma goes on to discover that the girls had placed all of the X-Men, including its most powerful telepaths, into a looping psionic memory-block which would disable their linear thought process whenever they began to question the Cuckoos' origin. And finally, the episode concludes with the Three-In-One's discovery that they're only three of nearly a thousand identical female units—the remainder residing in individual incubation chambers hidden within an underground laboratory. The two deceased Cuckoos, now undead but still decayed, appear and are more aware of the unfolding events than the Three-In-One.

In the third issue, it was revealed that Emma's ova were the genetic templates used to clone the hundreds of identical telepaths; including the Five-In-One. They were harvested from her by John Sublime, the Director of Weapon Plus, at some point during her coma following the death of the original Hellions. The clones begin to refer to Frost as "mother", a title which she later accepts. It was also shown that Celeste now wields the Phoenix Force.

The fourth issue reveals the Cuckoo's original purpose. It is shown that the cloned sisters serve as telepathic antennae, their sheer number granting them projection and reception capabilities at a global range. The Three-In-One were to be linked with three egg-like compartments of the machinery which binds the clones, acting as its focal point. With all three Cuckoos focusing the combined power of their thousandfold sisters, they would have the ability to obliterate any number of mental signatures that they chose — in essence, giving them the ability to simultaneously eliminate all of mutantkind, worldwide, by simply concentrating on mutants' unique mental wavelengths. Many may notice the similarity between this plotline and that outlined by the second X-Men movie, *X-Men 2: X-Men United*; though here, the Three-In-One replace Professor X and their myriad of cloned sisters replace the duplicated Cerebro.

The issue goes on to reveal that the Celeste/Phoenix combination has manifested for the purpose of destroying the Cuckoo clones; the entity wasting no time in incinerating Esme, Sophie, and the deformed rejected clones. To stop its activities, Emma enters into the egg-like compartment meant for Celeste; and syncing with Mindee and Phoebe, she uses her significantly more refined abilities to disconnect the factions of Celeste's brain which grant her access to both her psionic powers and the Phoenix force fragment. Emma then settles to comfort her barely conscious daughter, only to be ambushed with tentacle-like extensions of Sublime's machine. Impaling Celeste, the machine absorbs a backlash of her residual Phoenix energy, which immediately disperses to all of the cloned units as well. Upon the issue's conclusion; the audience is left with a scene depicting each one of the cloned units, as well as the Three-In-One, now seemingly empowered by the Phoenix fragment.

The five-part series concludes with the girls now referring to themselves as the Thousand-in-One and under Sublime's control. The cosmically-empowered psychics proceed to enact their programmed destiny of mutant destruction. Celeste however, is still in partial control of both her own and her sisters' supermind, and alerts the X-Men that they can short-circuit the girls' linkage by destroying Sublime's machinery, which they do. Phoebe, distraught at having lost access to the cosmic power, sends a concentrated bolt of her last remaining energy through the facility's floor, prompting an explosion that would destroy everything within a half-mile radius. Celeste, at Emma's behest, accepts her role as a Phoenix host, and stops the explosion by temporarily freezing localized time. She then goes on to destroy the thousand-strong Cuckoo clones by shattering their newly manifested diamond forms before casting the entity out of her body. However, it refuses to depart the area, to which Celeste reacts by reabsorbing the force into her own and her two remaining sisters' diamond hearts. Unlike their mother's diamond composition, the Cuckoo's hearts haven't a single flaw, and as such, nothing can destroy, enter, or escape them, even the splintered Phoenix itself. The price the sisters must pay for this is that they can never again feel emotion, thus leaving them even more cold-hearted and detached from their fellow man than they were before. The storyline ends with Emma sitting alone outside of the X-Mansion, staring into the night sky and promising retribution to the Phoenix Entity for exterminating her cloned progeny should it ever return to Earth.

## Collected editions

The series has been collected into a hardcover volume in July 2007 (ISBN 0-7851-1930-2) and a softcover in January 2008 (ISBN 0-7851-1931-0).

## InfoBox

| *X-Men: Phoenix - Warsong* | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional art for X-Men: Phoenix - Warsong #1. Art by Marc Silvestri. | |
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | Marvel Comics |
| Schedule | Monthly |
| Format | Limited series |
| Genre |  |
| Publication date | November 2006 - March 2007 |
| No. of issues | 5 |
| Main character(s) | X-Men, Phoenix Force, Stepford Cuckoos |
| Creative team | |
| Written by | Greg Pak |
| Penciller(s) | Tyler Kirkham |
| Inker(s) | Sal Regla |
| Letterer(s) | Troy Peteri |
| Colorist(s) | John Starr |
| Editor(s) | Nick Lowe
Mike Marts
Sean Ryan |
| Collected editions | |
| *Hardcover* | ISBN 0-7851-1930-2 |


title: Muhammadu Dikko

abstract: Alhaji Muhammadu Dikko also known as Muhammad Dikko dan Gidado, was the 47th Emir of Katsina from 9 November 1906 until his death in 1944. He was the ninth Fulani emir, as well as the first emir from the current ruling Sullubawa dynasty, succeeding Yero dan Musa, the last emir from the Dallazawa dynasty which was installed by the Jihad of Usman dan Fodio. He came to power shortly after British rule began in 1903 following the signing of a treaty between the then Emir, Abubakar dan Ibrahim, and British officials. He was a brother to Binta the paternal grand mother of Shehu Musa Yar'adua and Umaru Musa Yar'adua, he was succeeded by his son Usman Nagogo who held the title of Emir from 1944 until his death in 1981. He and his entourage were photographed on multiple occasions.

text:
# Muhammadu Dikko

**Alhaji Muhammadu Dikko** also known as **Muhammad Dikko dan Gidado** CBE (1865 – May 1944), was the 47th Emir of Katsina from 9 November 1906 until his death in 1944. He was the ninth Fulani emir, as well as the first emir from the current ruling Sullubawa dynasty, succeeding Yero dan Musa, the last emir from the Dallazawa dynasty which was installed by the Jihad of Usman dan Fodio. He came to power shortly after British rule began in 1903 following the signing of a treaty between the then Emir, Abubakar dan Ibrahim, and British officials. He was a brother to Binta the paternal grand mother of Shehu Musa Yar'adua and Umaru Musa Yar'adua, he was succeeded by his son Usman Nagogo who held the title of Emir from 1944 until his death in 1981. He and his entourage were photographed on multiple occasions.

## Early life and education

Dikko was born in 1865, during the reign of emir Muhammadu Bello, to Muhammadu Gidado, who held the powerful title of Durbi, one of the king-makers, and his wife Ta-Malamai. Dikko received Islamic education from the scholars of Katsina at Tsagero from an early age. In 1882, when Dikko was still young, the Emir Ibrahim died, and Musa, an old enemy of Gidado, became emir. He confiscated the family's properties, stripped Gidado of the Durbi title and gave it to his own son Yero. This brought hardship to Dikko, but Musa's death and the ascension of his younger rival and Ibrahim's son Abubakar brought reprieve. Yero was stripped of the title and Dikko's older brother Muhammadu Sada was appointed. Abubakar also imprisoned Yero accusing him of the murder of Gidado.

## Durbi

Being well educated and from a noble family, Dikko was given the title "Karshi" (currently held by one of his great-grandchildren) by Abubakar Dikko who was a warrior, and fought bravely in many of Katsina's wars with Maradi, further earning the trust and admiration of Abubakar, who appointed him Durbi (Sada having died before), his father's old title, making him the district head of Mani. It is said that this happened after a battle, and Abubakar was so astonished by Dikko's bravery, that he removed his own turban and used it to bestow the Durbi title on Dikko.

Being Durbi brought Dikko even more closer to the emir, earning him more power and prestige, but bringing along a lot more responsibility, enemies, and new friends. Among Dikko's friends and confidants was Mallam Haruna, a scholar and prince from Kanon-Bakashe (now in Niger), who had settled at Tsagero, a town close to Katsina, where the Emir's children and other nobles were taken to study then, and where Dikko himself was educated. Dikko was given the responsibility of leading many more battles, he was also given the task of monitoring the civil war in Kano, where two claimants, Tukur and Alu, were fighting over the emirship. Dikko is said to have had the dream of one day becoming emir himself, and his quick rise to power and his increasing popularity were said to have worried the emir. Before the death of Sada, he had instructed Dikko to obey and be loyal to Abubakar.

## The arrival of the British and rise to the throne

In April 1903, the British army, led by Lord Frederick Lugard arrived at the gates of Katsina. Having already conquered most of Hausaland, including nearby Kano and the Sokoto, the capital of the caliphate established by Danfodio, the British were welcome by the emir, and Katsina surrendered without a fight.

The arrival of the British created a dilemma for emir Abubakar, who feared that the British may depose and exile him if he offended them, as they did to other emirs of conquered territories, but was not too eager to please them either. Abubakar was also worried about further disappointing the Katsina people, who were already angry over his surrender to people they saw as infidels, who had come to destroy legacy of Dan Fodio's jihad. This led to the emir appointing Dikko as his liaison with the British, also being responsible for their welfare and the provision of supplies. Abubakar enjoyed some degree of autonomy, but was often in disagreement with the British and their policies.

The appointment of Dikko has been interpreted by some as an attempt by the emir to insulate himself from having to interact directly with the British, it has also been accused by some to be a plot by the emir, because Dikko might offend the British, and he might be taken away, ridding the emir of a powerful potential rival. However, Dikko tried hard to please the British and earn their trust. The British were not comfortable with Abubakar as emir, because of the disagreements he had with them, as well as the influence that the palace chiefs and the nobles had on him, making their policy of indirect rule ineffective. In late 1904, a dead dog was found in the British resident R.E Olivier's well. Abubakar was blamed, and he was removed and exiled to Ilorin in January 1905.

Needing a loyal emir, Yero, former emir Musa's son, a rival of Abubakar, the British assumed, would be loyal to them and would most certainly not be influenced by Abubakar's loyal courtiers. Olivier, was said to have warned Yero that henceforth all dismissals and appointments had to be approved by the British, but Yero resented the British and was poised to have his way. He dismissed many officials, including Abubakar's sons, replacing them with his supporters and loyalists. He also used his own court to overrule judgements given by the British and the local judges.

In February 1905, Olivier was transferred and Herbert Richmond Palmer was brought to Katsina as resident. Not long after he arrived, Palmer indicated his desire to undertake reforms in the judiciary and reorganize the districts, Yero disagreed and never cooperated. Meanwhile, there was an uprising in Sokoto, and Palmer was instructed to immediately move to Kano. Before leaving, he instructed Yero to look after what he was leaving behind. Yero, thinking that the British had left permanently, ordered his men to loot the properties. When the British eventually returned, Palmer asked Yero to provide labour and materials to rebuild the looted properties, but neither Yero nor his loyal officials were willing to comply.

Meanwhile, the British needed a supply of camels and firearms, and the trusted Dikko was sent by Palmer to Agadez to make the purchase. While Dikko was away, on November 9, 1906, Palmer got tired of Yero's antics and deposed him, accusing him of incompetence and insubordination. Yero was exiled to Lokoja, and Palmer announced Dikko's appointment as the interim emir, even though he was not from the ruling Dallazawa clan. The expected heirs to the throne, including the Yarima (crown prince), were overlooked in Dikko's favour.

Dikko returned, oblivious to his new status as the emir, and was at Katsina's famous Kofar Sauri gate, when a man accosted him and ran towards him, and on meeting him, bowed down and greeted him in the style that only the emir was greeted, the man also praised Dikko as the "Sarki" of Katsina. Dikko was baffled by the man's behaviour, and asked him if he had gone mad, but the man broke the news to him of Yero's deposition, and his subsequent appointment as emir. Dikko, who had caught a Guinea worm infection, was unable to ride a horse, and had made his return journey from Agadez on a camel, he first stopped at his house at Kofar Sauri, before being escorted to the palace by cheering supporters.

Dikko cooperated well with the British throughout the time he was acting emir, and on 25 January 1907, the visiting acting British High Commissioner; William Wallace confirmed Dikko as the new emir of Katsina.

## Reign (1906–1944)

Dikko faced stiff resistance from the deposed Dallazawa and their loyalists, who saw him as an usurper and a stooge imposed by the British. Dikko consolidated his position by appointing many of his loyalists to key posts, including his Friend Mallam Haruna, who was appointed as the first ever Waziri (second-in-command) of Katsina. Dikko also strengthened his relationship with many of the district heads and nobles by marrying out his daughters to them.

During Dikko's reign, various reforms were initiated, they include the introduction of various taxation systems, and the departmentalization of the native authourity, with his son Usman Nagogo becoming the head of the Police department 1929. Nagogo was later made Magajin gari, the district head of Katsina metropolis in 1937, making him the closest of the princes to his father. Another major reform was the relocation of the district heads, who had previously lived inside Katsina, to their various districts. This relocation also somehow affected Dikko himself, as his closest confidant and second-in-command, Mallam Haruna, was reappointed by the British as a district head and relocated to Kaita, and the Waziri title was given to Mallam Zayyana. Dikko also built a hospital and established the famous Katsina College, the first secondary school in Northern Nigeria in 1922. Dikko promoted western education, giving some of his own children to study under the British, and encouraging other nobles to do so as well.

In 1935, Dikko demolished and reconstructed the mosque built by the Dallazawa clan's patriarch, Ummarun Dallaje. The mosque became known as Masallacin Dutsi. He also became the first reigning emir to go to Mecca for Hajj, doing so by car in 1921, from where he also became the first emir to go to England, where he and his entourage met King George V, and visited the famous London Zoo. Dikko returned England in 1924 and 1937.

After the British conquest, Katsina was no longer at war with anybody. Dikko, a skilled horseman himself, encouraged the use of Katsina's hitherto war horses for sports like racing and Polo. He dedicated and constructed a large Polo ground, which is still in use today. Dikko encouraged his own sons and other nobles to play the sport. Dikko's son and successor, Usman Nagogo, attained a handicap of +7, the highest ever attained by an African. Dikko's successors still hold the life presidency of the Nigerian Polo association.

## Death and succession

Dikko died in early 1944 after suffering from an illness, leading to a succession struggle. On one hand were the Dallazawa princes led by the powerful Yarima, a descendant of emir Abubakar, who felt that the emirship was theirs by right, and on the other hand were Dikko's powerful sons who also tussled between themselves for the throne. In March 1944, the king-makers settled for Dikko's younger son Usman Nagogo, who was the clear choice of the British because of his sound western education, as well as his closeness to his father. Nagogo was turbaned on 19 May 1944. Dikko is buried in a garden inside the Katsina emir's palace. The all-seater Muhammadu Dikko Stadium and a street in Katsina town are named after him.


abstract: Murphy v Media Protection Services Limited was 2011 decision on the European Court of Justice which concerned the use of foreign decoder devices to decrypt satellite TV service. The case concerned a British publican who used a Greek satellite company to screen matches in her pub rather than Sky. The Premier League had in Britain sold the rights to Broadcast games to Sky and ESPN. The court ruled that such exclusivity agreements were contrary to EU laws on free trade.

text:
# Murphy v Media Protection Services Limited

***Murphy v Media Protection Services Limited*** was 2011 decision on the European Court of Justice which concerned the use of foreign decoder devices to decrypt satellite TV service. The case concerned a British publican who used a Greek satellite company to screen matches in her pub rather than Sky. The Premier League had in Britain sold the rights to Broadcast games to Sky and ESPN. The court ruled that such exclusivity agreements were contrary to EU laws on free trade.


title: Muscazone

abstract: Muscazone is a toxic chemical compound. It is an amino acid found in European fly agaric mushrooms. Consumption causes visual damage, mental confusion, and memory loss.

text:
# Muscazone

**Muscazone** is a toxic chemical compound. It is an amino acid found in European fly agaric mushrooms.

Consumption causes visual damage, mental confusion, and memory loss.

## InfoBox

Muscazone
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| IUPAC name 2-Amino-2-(2-oxo-3*H*-1,3-oxazol-5-yl)acetic acid | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.017.141 |
| EC Number | * 218-853-4 |
| PubChem CID |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C5H6N2O4/c6-3(4(8)9)2-1-7-5(10)11-2/h1,3H,6H2,(H,7,10)(H,8,9)/t3-/m1/s1 YKey: ASBGWPLVVIASBE-GSVOUGTGSA-N Y * InChI=1/C5H6N2O4/c6-3(4(8)9)2-1-7-5(10)11-2/h1,3H,6H2,(H,7,10)(H,8,9)/t3-/m1/s1Key: ASBGWPLVVIASBE-GSVOUGTGBI | |
| SMILES * O=C(\[O-\])\[C@H\](\[NH3+\])C\1=C\NC(=O)O/1 | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C5H6N2O4 |
| Molar mass | 158.113 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Crystalline solid |
| Melting point | 190 °C (374 °F; 463 K) (decomposes) |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is YN ?)  Infobox references | |


title: Wu Xuesong

abstract: Wu Xuesong is a Chinese Sanda kickboxer. He is from Guangzhou Dragon Flying Fighting Club. As of September 2016, he is ranked the #6 lightweight in the world by LiverKick.

text:
# Wu Xuesong

**Wu Xuesong** (Chinese: 吴雪松; pinyin: *wú xuě sōng*) is a Chinese Sanda kickboxer. He is from Guangzhou Dragon Flying Fighting Club. As of September 2016, he is ranked the #6 lightweight in the world by LiverKick.

## Career

On January 17, 2015, in Kunlun Fight 17, Wu Continuous beat Pan, Liu and Zhao in a night, Win the 70 kg World Max Group D tournament bracket.

On March 8, 2015, in Kunlun Fight 20, Wu beat Nakano Takuya by TKO.

On 8 April 2016 in Haihu District Gym Center in Xining, Wu beat Alex Oller and Tayfun Ozcan, winning the 70 kg World Max 2016 Group G Tournament Final. In Kunlun Fight 50, Wu beat Sergio Kanters by decision.

## Championships and awards

## Kickboxing record

Professional kickboxing record
| **29 Wins (8 (T)KO's)**,  **22 Losses** | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date | Result | Opponent | Event | Location | Method | Round | Time |
| 2020-07-05 | Loss | Song Shaoqiu | Wu Lin Feng 2020: King's Super Cup 3rd Group Stage | Zhengzhou, China | TKO (Knee) | 1 | 3:00 |
| 2020-06-13 | Loss | Ouyang Feng | Wu Lin Feng 2020: King's Super Cup 2nd Group Stage | Zhengzhou, China | TKO | 1 |  |
| 2020-05-15 | Loss | Pu Dongdong | Wu Lin Feng 2020: King's Super Cup 1st Group Stage | Zhengzhou, China | Decision (Unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |
| 2019-03-24 | Loss | Nikos Gkikas | Wu Lin Feng 2019: WLF x Gods of War XII - China vs Greece | Athens, Greece | Decision (Unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |
| 2018-12-26 | Loss | Meng Qinghao | King Of Kungfu Champion Fight | China | Decision (Unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |
| 2018-12-15 | Win | Boonyok Anuchit | King Of Kungfu Champion Fight | China | Decision (Unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |
| 2018-07-28 | Loss | Giannis Skordilis | FF | Shenzhen, China | KO (Left High Kick) | 2 |  |
| 2018-04-15 | Loss | Nishikawa Tomoyuki | Kunlun Fight 72 | Beijing, China | Ex.R Decision (Unanimous) | 4 | 3:00 |
| 2017-11-12 | Loss | Victor Nagbe | Kunlun Fight 67 | China | KO (Left Body Cross) | 2 | 1:38 |
| 2017-08-23 | Loss | Pord Kachoenram | The World Boxing Championship of Wang zhe hui meng | Lv liang, China | Decision (Unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |
| 2017-06-24 | Win | Mass | Yunfeng Duel | Laizhou, China | TKO (Referee Stoppage) | 2 |  |
| 2017-06-10 | Loss | Martin Gano | Kunlun Fight 62 | Bangkok, Thailand | Decision (Unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |
| 2017-04-28 | Win | Diego Ben Dizzie | Zhanlang Duel | Hunan, China | Decision (Unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |
| 2017-03-25 | Loss | Nikola Cimesa | Kunlun Fight 59 -70 kg World Max 2017 Group 4 Tournament Final | China | Decision (Unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |
| 2017-03-25 | Win | Jose Ruelas | Kunlun Fight 59 -70 kg World Max 2017 Group 4 Tournament Semi-Finals | China | KO (Left Hook) | 2 | 1:34 |
| 2017-01-01 | Loss | Andrei Kulebin | Kunlun Fight 56 | Sanya, China | Decision (Unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |
| 2016-10-30 | Loss | Cedric Manhoef | Kunlun Fight 54 -70 kg 2016 Tournament Quarter-Finals | Hubei, China | Decision (Unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |
| 2016-08-20 | Win | Sergio Kanters | Kunlun Fight 50 -70 kg 2016 Tournament 1/8 Finals | Jinan, China | Decision (Unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |
| Qualified to Kunlun Fight 2016 70kg World MAX Tournament Final 8. | | | | | | | | |
| 2016-06-05 | Win | Levgenii Schevchenko | Kunlun Fight 45 | Jinan, China | Ext.R Decision (Unanimous) | 4 | 3:00 |
| 2016-05-13 | Win | Wen Sor. Pettawee | United Fighting Union | Shenzhen, China | KO | 1 | 1:35 |
| 2016-04-26 | Loss | Farkhad Akhmejanov | 2016 Hanzhong King Championship | Hanzhong, China | Ext.R Decision (unanimous) | 4 | 3:00 |
| 2016-04-08 | Win | Tayfun Özcan | Kunlun Fight 41 -70 kg World Max 2016 Group G Tournament Final | Xining, China | KO (Left Hook) | 2 | 0:26 |
| Qualified to Kunlun Fight 2016 70kg World MAX Tournament Final 16. | | | | | | | | |
| 2016-04-08 | Win | Alexsander Silva | Kunlun Fight 41 -70 kg World Max 2016 Group G Tournament Semi-Finals | Xining, China | TKO (Referee Stoppage) | 2 | 0:55 |
| 2016-03-12 | Loss | Masoud Minaei | The Legend of Emei - 6 | Xichang, China | Decision (Unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |
| 2015-10-31 | Loss | Kong Lingfeng | Kunlun Fight 33 -Middleweight Tournament 1/8 Finals | Changde, China | Decision (Unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |
| 2015-09-04 | Win | Konstantinov Dmytro | Kunlun Fight 30 / Topking World Series: TK5 | Zhoukou, China | Decision (Unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |
| 2015-05-15 | Loss | Vlad Tuinov | Kunlun Fight 25 | Banská Bystrica, Slovakia | Decision (Unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |
| 2015-03-08 | Win | Nakano Takuya | Kunlun Fight 20 | Foshan, China | TKO (Referee Stoppage) | 2 |  |
| 2015-01-17 | Win | Zhao Yan | Kunlun Fight 17 -Middleweight Tournament Group D Final | Nanjing, China | Decision (Unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |
| Qualified to Kunlun Fight 2015 70kg World MAX Tournament Final. | | | | | | | | |
| 2015-01-17 | Win | Liu Mingzhi | Kunlun Fight 17 -Middleweight Tournament Group D Semi-finals | Nanjing, China | Decision (Unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |
| 2015-01-17 | Win | Pan Hongmin | Kunlun Fight 17 -Middleweight Tournament Group D Quarter-finals | Nanjing, China | TKO (Referee Stoppage) | 1 |  |
| 2014-09-26 | Loss | Arthur Sorsor | WBK 1 - Ningbo | Ningbo, China | Decision (Unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |
| 2014-06-01 | Win | Dzmitry Nason | Kunlun Fight 5 | Chengdu, China | Decision (Unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |
| 2013-08-24 | Loss | Hu Yafei | Wu Lin Feng Championship 2013 – 70 kg Tournament, Semi Finals | Huaibei, China | Decision (Unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |
| ***Legend***:   Win    Loss    Draw/No contest    Notes | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Wu Xuesong | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1993-01-02) January 2, 1993<br>Guangzhou, Guangdong, China |
| Native name | 吴雪松 |
| Other names | Ganyue Snapdragon |
| Nationality | Chinese |
| Height | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) |
| Weight | 70 kg (150 lb; 11 st) |
| Division | Lightweight |
| Style | Sanda, Kickboxing |
| Stance | Orthodox |
| Team | Guangzhou Dragon Flying Fighting Club |
| Years active | 2012-present |
|  | |
| Kickboxing record | |
| **Total** | 51 |
| **Wins** | 29 |
| By knockout | 8 |
| **Losses** | 22 |
| By knockout | 2 |
| **Draws** | 0 |
|  | |
| Last updated on: July 5, 2018 | |


title: Music City Stakes

abstract: The Music City Stakes is a Grade II American Thoroughbred horse race for three-tear-old fillies, over a distance of 6+1⁄2 furlongs on the turf held annually in September at Kentucky Downs racetrack in Franklin, Kentucky during their short turf meeting. The event currently carries a purse of $2,000,000 which includes $1,000,000 from the Kentucky Thoroughbred Development Fund.

text:
# Music City Stakes

The **Music City Stakes**  is a Grade II American Thoroughbred horse race for three-tear-old fillies, over a distance of 6+12 furlongs on the turf held annually in September at Kentucky Downs racetrack in Franklin, Kentucky during their short turf meeting. The event currently carries a purse of $2,000,000 which includes $1,000,000 from the Kentucky Thoroughbred Development Fund.

## History

The race was inaugurated in 2020 with an attractive purse offered of $400,000. The event was won by the lightly raced West-Coast filly Lighthouse who started at the odds of 11/1 and won by 1+12 lengths in a time of 1:14.99. After returning to California, Lighthouse had two more starts before beings sent to Australia where she was placed twice at Group 1 level before capturing the Group 1 Coolmore Classic.

In 2023 the event was upgraded to a Grade III.

With the influx of gaming revenue at Kentucky Downs the initial purse for the event has risen dramatically to nearly $500,000 offered by 2022.

## Records

**Speed record:**

* 6+12 furlongs: 1:14.75 – Tobys Heart (2021)

**Margins:**

* 2+34 lengths – Tobys Heart (2021)

**Most wins by a jockey:**

* No jockey has won this race more than once.

**Most wins by a trainer:**

* No trainer has won this race more than once.

**Most wins by an owner:**

* No owner has won this race more than once.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Jockey | Trainer | Owner | Distance | Time | Purse | Grade | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2024 | Simply in Front | Luis Saez | Eddie Kenneally | Colebrook Farms | 6+12 furlongs | 1:16.01 | $1,767,200 | II |  |
| 2023 | Secret Money | Tyler Gaffalione | Brendan Walsh | Fortune Farm (Richard Nicolai), Robert G. Hahn & Matthew Hand | 6+12 furlongs | 1:15.14 | $996,570 | III |  |
| 2022 | Freedom Speaks | Jose Lezcano | Jeremiah Englehart | Reitman Stables | 6+12 furlongs | 1:15.35 | $471,750 | Listed |  |
| 2021 | Tobys Heart | Joel Rosario | Brian A. Lynch | Gary Barber, Terry Hamilton & Brian A. Lynch | 6+12 furlongs | 1:14.75 | $487,950 |  |  |
| 2020 | Lighthouse | Umberto Rispoli | Simon Callaghan | LNJ Foxwoods | 6+12 furlongs | 1:14.99 | $360,385 |  |  |

## InfoBox

Music City Stakes
| Grade II race | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Kentucky Downs<br>Franklin, Kentucky, United States |
| Inaugurated | 2020 |
| Race type | ThoroughbredFlat racing |
| Sponsor | AGS (since 2024) |
| Website | kentuckydowns.com |
| Race information | |
| Distance | 6+12 furlongs |
| Surface | Turf |
| Track | Left-handed |
| Qualification | Three-year-old fillies |
| Weight | 124 lbs with allowances |
| Purse | 2,000,000 (2024) |


title: Wuzhu

abstract: Jin Wuzhu, also known by his sinicised name Wanyan Zongbi (完顏宗弼), was a prince, military general and civil minister of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty of China. He was the fourth son of Aguda, the founder and first emperor of the Jin dynasty. Wuzhu started his career in the military in his youth, when he participated in the Jurchen rebellion led by his father against the Khitan-led Liao dynasty. Between the late 1120s and 1130s, he fought for the Jin dynasty in a series of wars against the Han-led Northern Song dynasty and its successor state, the Southern Song dynasty. In 1137, in recognition of his contributions in battle, he was appointed as Right Vice-Marshal (右副元帥) and enfeoffed as the "Prince of Shen" (瀋王). In the final decade of his life, he was appointed to several high-ranking positions in the Jin imperial court, including Left Chancellor (左丞相), Palace Attendant (侍中), Taibao (太保), Marshal of the Capital (都元帥), Taifu (太傅), and Taishi (太師). He died of illness in 1148. Throughout his life, he had served under three Jin emperors – Emperor Taizu, Emperor Taizong, and Emperor Xizong.

text:
# Wuzhu

| Wuzhu | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Traditional Chinese | 兀朮 |
| Simplified Chinese | 兀术 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Wùzhū | |
| Wanyan Zongbi | |
| Traditional Chinese | 完顏宗弼 |
| Simplified Chinese | 完颜宗弼 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Wányán Zōngbì | |
| Jin Wuzhu | |
| Traditional Chinese | 金兀朮 |
| Simplified Chinese | 金兀术 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Jīn Wùzhū | |
|  | |

**Jin Wuzhu** (金兀朮, died 1148), also known by his sinicised name **Wanyan Zongbi** (完顏宗弼), was a prince, military general and civil minister of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty of China. He was the fourth son of Aguda (Emperor Taizu), the founder and first emperor of the Jin dynasty. Wuzhu started his career in the military in his youth, when he participated in the Jurchen rebellion led by his father against the Khitan-led Liao dynasty. Between the late 1120s and 1130s, he fought for the Jin dynasty in a series of wars against the Han-led Northern Song dynasty and its successor state, the Southern Song dynasty. In 1137, in recognition of his contributions in battle, he was appointed as Right Vice-Marshal (右副元帥) and enfeoffed as the "Prince of Shen" (瀋王). In the final decade of his life, he was appointed to several high-ranking positions in the Jin imperial court, including Left Chancellor (左丞相), Palace Attendant (侍中), *Taibao* (太保), Marshal of the Capital (都元帥), *Taifu* (太傅), and *Taishi* (太師). He died of illness in 1148. Throughout his life, he had served under three Jin emperors – Emperor Taizu (his father), Emperor Taizong (his uncle), and Emperor Xizong (his nephew).

## Life

### Family background

Wuzhu was born in the Wanyan tribe, the most prominent among the Jurchen tribes residing in the area around present-day Harbin, Heilongjiang Province. He was the fourth son of Aguda, the chief of the Wanyan tribe, which was a subject of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty. Wuzhu's mother was Lady Wugulun (烏古論氏), one of Aguda's concubines. She also bore Aguda two other sons, Alu (阿魯; Wanyan Zongqiang) and Alubu (阿魯補; Wanyan Zongmin). Wuzhu had at 13 other brothers and three sisters born to his father's other wives.

### War against the Liao dynasty

In the spring of 1114, Aguda united the Jurchen tribes under his leadership and started a rebellion against the Liao dynasty. In 1117, after the Jurchens had conquered several Liao cities, Aguda declared himself emperor and established the Jin dynasty. In December 1121, Wuzhu, then a teenager, participated in battle against Liao forces. When the Jurchens received news that the Liao ruler, Emperor Tianzuo, was out on a hunting expedition at Yuanyang Lake (鴛鴦濼; northwest of present-day Zhangbei County, Hebei Province), Wolibu (斡離不; Wanyan Zongwang) and Wuzhu led an army to attack the Liao emperor in the hope of catching him off guard. During the battle, Wuzhu, after expending all his arrows, seized a Liao soldier's weapon and continued fighting. He killed eight enemy soldiers and captured five, and became famous after the battle.

By 1124, the Liao dynasty had lost most of its territories to the Jurchens. On 26 March 1125, Emperor Tianzuo was captured by Jin forces led by Wanyan Loushi (完顏婁室) in Yingzhou (應州; in present-day northern Shanxi Province). Months later, he was sent to the Jin capital in Shangjing (上京; present-day Acheng District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province).

### War against the Northern Song dynasty

Wuzhu participated in the Jin–Song Wars, which broke out in 1125 between the Jin dynasty and the Han Chinese-led Northern Song dynasty. He served as an officer in the Jin dynasty's Eastern Army, which was commanded by his second brother, Wolibu (斡離不; Wanyan Zongwang), who held the appointment of Right Vice-Marshal (右副元帥). In the first month of 1126, Wolibu sent Wuzhu to attack Tangyin County; Wuzhu won the battle and forced the 3,000 Song defenders to surrender. Soon after, the Eastern Army reached the Yellow River and attempted to cross, but the Song forces had already set the pontoon bridges on fire. The Jin officer Helusuo (合魯索) led 70 horsemen to cross the river at a shallow point and killed 500 Song soldiers burning the bridges. Wolibu sent Wu Xiaomin (吳孝民) as a messenger to the Song capital, Bianjing (present-day Kaifeng, Henan Province), to admonish the Song dynasty for breaking its earlier alliance with the Jin dynasty. At the same time, Wuzhu, leading 3,000 light cavalry, approached Bianjing. When he received news that the Song ruler, Emperor Huizong, had fled from Bianjing after abdicating the throne to his son Emperor Qinzong, he led his horsemen in pursuit but failed to capture the emperor. However, they managed to obtain 3,000 horses. When Jin forces besieged Bianjing, the Song dynasty agreed to cede Taiyuan, Zhongshan (中山) and Hejian (河間) prefectures to the Jin dynasty in return for peace. The Jurchens agreed and retreated back to Yanjing (燕京; present-day Beijing).

In the eighth month of 1126, Wuzhu accompanied Wolibu to attack the Song dynasty. By the fourth month of the following year, Jin forces had conquered Bianjing and captured the Song emperors Huizong and Qinzong. This event, historically known as the Jingkang Incident, marked the fall of the Northern Song dynasty.

Wolibu died of illness in the sixth month of 1127 and was succeeded by his third brother, Eliduo (訛里朵; Wanyan Zongfu or Wanyan Zongyao), as Right Vice-Marshal (右副元帥). In the 12th month, Eliduo received orders to suppress anti-Jin rebellions in Shandong Province. Wuzhu participated in the campaign. First, he defeated a few thousand troops led by Song general Zheng Zongmeng (鄭宗孟) in Qingzhou. Next, he defeated the Huangqiong forces (黃瓊軍) led by Song general Zhao Cheng (趙成) in Linqu. In the first month of 1128, when Eliduo and his army were planning to retreat after successfully suppressing the rebellions, they were ambushed at Qinghe (青河) by a 30,000-strong Song army. Wuzhu led the attack on the enemy and killed thousands of them.

### War against the Southern Song dynasty

In the seventh month of 1128, the Jin ruler, Emperor Taizong, ordered the capture of Zhao Gou (Emperor Gaozong), the Song Emperor Huizong's ninth son. Zhao Gou had declared himself emperor, escaped to Yangzhou, and established the Southern Song dynasty as a successor to the fallen Northern Song dynasty. Wuzhu led his own troops to join his third brother, Eliduo (訛里朵; Wanyan Zongfu or Wanyan Zongyao), the Right Vice-Marshal (右副元帥), to attack the Southern Song regime. Wuzhu first attacked Guide Prefecture (歸德府; present-day Shangqiu, Henan Province) but was forced to redirect his forces to attack Puzhou (濮州; around present-day Puyang, Henan Province) instead after realising they had insufficient supplies. The Jin army's vanguard, commanded by Wulinda Taiyu (烏林答泰欲), defeated a 200,000-strong Song army led by Wang Shan (王善) and conquered Puzhou along with five counties in the vicinity. Wuzhu personally led his troops into battle during the subsequent attacks on Kaide Prefecture (開德府) and Daming Prefecture (大名府; in present-day Handan, Hebei Province) and achieved victory. By then, all of Hebei had been occupied by the Jin dynasty.

In early 1129, Wuzhu was promoted to Right Vice-Marshal. Nianhan sent Wuzhu, Wanyan Chang (完顏昌), Balisu (拔離速) and Mawu (馬五) to invade the Southern Song dynasty by two routes. Emperor Gaozong fled southwards from Yangzhou. Wuzhu moved in upon Guide Prefecture (present-day Shangqiu, Henan Province), and the Song generals guarding the city surrendered just before his troops attacked. The cities and towns Wuzhu passed through were all easily captured or gave up without a struggle. Wuzhu kept carrying his victorious arms to the north bank of the Yangtze River, and occupied Hezhou (present-day He County, Anhui Province), an important city to the north of the Yangtze River. Wuzhu intended to cross the river from Caishiji (in present-day Anhui Province), but was blocked by the Song troops from Taipingzhou (太平州) at the ferry, and could not cross the river for three days. So Wuzhu turned to Majiadu (馬家渡) and beat the garrison, beheading the Song general Chen Cui (陳淬). In November, Wuzhu crossed the river and defeated the Song troops led by Du Chong (杜充), capturing Jiankang (present-day Nanjing). Having assigned the subordinate generals to the neighboring towns, he headed the army in person to capture Guangdejunlu (廣德軍路) and Huzhou (in present-day Zhejiang Province), and arrived in Lin'an (present-day Hangzhou). Hearing that Lin'an was to fall, Emperor Gaozong escaped to Mingzhou (present-day Ningbo, Zhejiang Province). Wuzhu sent Ali (阿里) and Puluhun (蒲盧渾) as the spearhead with 4,000 veteran soldiers to chase Emperor Gaozong, and sent another two generals to capture Yuezhou with dramatic swiftness. Ali's army approached Mingzhou after successive victories, and Emperor Gaozong had to escape by sea. Soon afterwards Wuzhu rushed to Mingzhou and captured it. Ali and Puluhun sailed across the sea to Changguo County (present-day Zhoushan Island, Zhejiang Province) and captured the governor of Mingzhou. Learning that Emperor Gaozong had fled to Fuzhou by way of Wenzhou, they pursued at sea but fell back after being blocked by Song naval forces. Wuzhu led his troops back to Lin'an.

In February, 1130, Wuzhu declared that he had finished the search for Emperor Gaozong, and moved back north along the Jinghang canal, carrying large amounts of gold, silver, treasures and jewels plundered by the troops from all places of Jiangnan. Before leaving, he committed Lin'an, which was a city steeped in history, to the flames, and his troops burnt, killed and looted on their way, which became a calamity for the people in Jiangnan. In March, Wuzhu's army arrived in Zhenjiang. They were blocked by Han Shizhong's troops. The navy led by Han Shizhong had huge and lofty warships which were guarding the estuary, preventing Jin troops from crossing. Jin troops had less and smaller battleships and were not good at battles on water, though they outnumbered their enemies. At the beginning, Jin troops suffered great losses, and Wuzhu still could not cross the river after a stalemate for 48 days. His troops had to penetrate up the river to Jiankang. When they got to Huangtiandang, the troops dug a 15-kilometre canal along the old water channel of the Laoguan River (老鹳河) overnight, which led to the Qinhuai River and finally enabled them to escape back to Jiankang. Since Han Shizhong pursued to Jiankang and blockaded the river with warships, Wuzhu posted a reward for the scheme to destroy the warships to cross the river. A man from Fujian Province gave him a suggestion of shooting flaming arrows into the sails of the warships, which could not move without wind. Wuzhu followed his advice and made flaming arrows that very night. On a still sunny day, Wuzhu carried out the scheme and succeeded. Countless Song soldiers were burnt to death or drowned in the river. Han Shizhong had to abandon his ship and escape back to Zhenjiang with only dozens of his men.

In May, Jin troops set fire to Jiankang before they headed back to the north crossing the Yangtze River. On their way back, Wuzhu's army was attacked by the troops led by Song general Yue Fei, and suffered a heavy loss.

In September, 1130, Emperor Taizong of Jin made Eliduo command the armies of Shaanxi to attack Sichuan and Shaanxi provinces, followed by Wuzhu with his own army. The Jin and Song dynasties fought the battle in Fuping. At that time, the Song soldiers were several times more than those of Jin, and Wuzhu and his soldiers were surrounded by the troops led by Zhang Jun, the local military commissioner of Shaanxi, and had a hard time. With the help of Wanyan Loushi, they finally got through the close siege. With the recovery of Jin troops, the commander of Song troops got afraid and deserted on the eve of battle, which led to the failure of the Song. Not long after the battle in Fuping, Eliduo and Wuzhu captured most of the lands in Shaanxi Province.

In January, 1131, Eliduo went back to Yanjing, and Wuzhu took the lead of the armies of Shaanxi. In September, Wuzhu led his soldiers to invade Sichuan Province. While he made his way through Heshangyuan (southeast of present-day Baoji, Shaanxi Province), he met heavy resistance by the Song generals Wu Jie and Wu Lin. Wuzhu lost almost half of his troops and was shot by an arrow, which became his biggest failure since he started serving the military. Two years later in November, Wuzhu's troops marched again and this time they defeated Wu Lin and captured Heshangyuan. In February the next year, Wuzhu sent out troops but was defeated by Wu Jie. In March he returned to Yanjing.

In 1139, the Jin ruler, Emperor Xizong, accepted Wuzhu's proposal and declared war against the Song dynasty again. The Jurchen troops invaded the area, which had been given back to the Song dynasty in Henan and Shaanxi provinces. Because many of the generals used to be Jin officers, they soon surrendered and within one month the Jin dynasty captured most of the area as mentioned before. In that case, Yue Fei and other generals had to retreat to the south of Yingchang (present-day Xuchang, Henan Province), and Wuzhu garrisoned at Bianjing without difficulty. Wuzhu had intended to strike while the iron is hot and captured the area to the north of the Huai River, so he led his army to the north. But was defeated by Liu Qi in Shunchang (present-day Fuyang, Anhui Province), and got a worse defeat by Yue Fei in Yancheng (in present-day Henan Province) and Yingchang. Wuzhu was within an inch of being captured. The situation was very good for Song dynasty, and Yue Fei was going to recapture the area in Henan and Hebei. But Emperor Gaozong commanded Yue Fei to go back to the capital, so the army of Song retreated from Henan.

Wuzhu had never given up the idea of being bounded on the Huai River with Song forces, though he had met with severe defeat. In February 1141, he captured Luzhou and fought a battle with Song forces in Tuogao (in present-day Anhui Province), but was severely defeated. Wuzhu exploited Qin Hui, the Song chancellor, to kill Yue Fei, and later declared that he was willing to keep peace with the Song dynasty. Emperor Gaozong agreed to have peace talks with the Jin dynasty, and the next year the two countries signed a peace agreement, which is called the "Treaty of Shaoxing".

### Political career

In 1137, Wuzhu was appointed as Right Vice-Marshal (右副元帥) and enfeoffed as the "Prince of Shen" (沈王) by Emperor Xizong in recognition of his contributions in battle. In the 11th month of that year, the Jin dynasty abolished the puppet regime of Qi and brought it back under centralised control.

In 1138, Wanyan Zongpan and Wanyan Zongjuan seized power. They connected with Left Vice-Marshal Talan and gave back some areas in Henan and Shaanxi provinces to the Song dynasty. Wuzhu, Wanyan Zonggan and others firmly disagreed with them. The next year, Emperor Xizong charged Wanyan Zongpan and Wanyan Zongjuan with treason and ordered their execution. He also stripped Talan of his military command.

Later, Wuzhu was appointed as Marshal of the Capital (都元帥) and "Prince of Yue" (越王). In 1140, Wuzhu found evidence that Talan had connections with the Song dynasty. Emperor Xizong made Wuzhu kill Talan, after which appointed Wuzhu as *Taibao* (太保; Grand Protector).

In November, Wuzhu went to the imperial court, at which time Emperor Xizong was on a trip to Yanjing, with Left Vice-Marshal Wanyan Xiyin by his side. Wuzhu wanted to go back to his own mansion. At the farewell dinner, Wanyan Xiyin and Wuzhu had an unhappy conversation, which made Wuzhu very angry. The next day when Wuzhu said goodbye to the empress, he told the details that Wanyan Xiyin was up to no good. After his leaving, the empress told everything to Emperor Xizong. The emperor recalled Wuzhu back and permitted him to kill Wanyan Xiyin. Wuzhu forced Wanyan Xiyin and his two sons to commit suicide, and killed Xiao Qing and his son. The next year, Wuzhu was appointed as Left Chancellor and *Shizhong* (侍中), and was still the Marshal of the Capital.

In March, 1142, Wuzhu was appointed as *Taifu* (太傅). In November 1147, he was appointed as *Taishi* (太師; Grand Tutor). After the Shaoxing Treaty, Wuzhu stuck to the treaty terms, and advocated to wait until everything was ready to destroy the Song dynasty in a very short time. And in that case, in the later 20 years, there were few wars between the two empires, which was positive to their development of economy and culture.

In October 1148, Wuzhu died of illness.

## Family

**Parents:**

* Father: Emperor Taizu of Jin (August 1, 1068 – September 19, 1123),
* Mother: Consort Yuan of the Wugulun clan (元妃 烏古論氏)

**Consort and issue***:*

* Princess Consort of Liang, of the Tudan clan (梁王妃 徒單氏)
    + Wanyan Heng, Prince of Rui (芮王完顏亨), 1st son
* Secondary Consort Zhao, of the Zhao clan (次妃 趙氏; b.1111), personal name Yuanzhu (圓珠)
    + *Unnamed, 2nd son*
* Concubine Chen, of the Chen clan (妾 陳氏), personal name Yan (豔)
* Unknown:
    + Princess Shoukang (壽康公主), personal name Puci (蒲刺), 1st daughter
    + Wanyan Xinian (完顏習捻), 2nd daughter
        - married Shao Heya (稍喝押)
    + Princess of Yong'an County (永安縣主), 3rd daughter
        - Married Heseri Zhining (紇石烈志寧) of the Heseri clan

### Sources

* Toqto'a (c. 1343). *History of Jin (Jin Shi)*. Vol. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 15, 19, 77.

## InfoBox

| Wuzhu | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Birth name | Wuzhu (斡啜 / 兀朮 / 烏珠) |
| Other name(s) | Wanyan Zongbi (完顏宗弼)
Wang Zongbi (王宗弼)
Jin Wuzhu (金兀朮) |
| Born | Unknown |
| Died | 1148 |
| Allegiance | Jin dynasty |
| Battles/wars | Jin–Song Wars |


title: XHEFG-FM

abstract: XHEFG-FM is a radio station on 89.1 FM in Celaya, in the Mexican state of Guanajuato. It is owned by TVR Comunicaciones and carries the La Mejor grupera format from MVS Radio.

text:
# XHEFG-FM

**XHEFG-FM** is a radio station on 89.1 FM in Celaya, in the Mexican state of Guanajuato. It is owned by TVR Comunicaciones and carries the La Mejor grupera format from MVS Radio.

## History

**XEFG-AM** received its concession on April 21, 1963. It was owned by Sergio Olivares Gascón and broadcast on 840 kHz. Known for a time as Radio Juventud, the station donated the first transmitter for the new XEITC-AM in the late 1970s — the first radio station ever owned by a technological institute in Mexico.

In 2011, XEFG was approved to migrate to FM.

## InfoBox

XHEFG-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 89.1 FM |
| Branding | La Mejor |
| Programming | |
| Format | Grupera |
| Affiliations | MVS Radio |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | * TVR Comunicaciones * (Señal 84, S.A. de C.V.) |
| History | |
| First air date | April 21, 1963 (concession) |
| Technical information | |
| ERP | 6 kW |
| Transmitter coordinates | 20°31′10.41″N 100°48′5.29″W / 20.5195583°N 100.8014694°W / 20.5195583; -100.8014694 |
| Links | |
| Webcast | Listen live |
| Website | lamejor.com.mx/celaya |