title: Ohio River Park

abstract: Ohio River Park is a Superfund Site located in Neville Island, Pennsylvania. Between the 1920s-1970s, the Site was used for municipal waste, pesticide manufacturing, coke sludge disposal, cement manufacturing disposal, and pesticide waste. In 1977, Neville Land Company donated the Site to Allegheny County who started developing the Site as a community park. In 1979, Allegheny County found various hazardous contaminants on the Site. On August 30, 1990, the Site was determined to be a Superfund Site due to VOCs, SVOCs, inorganics, and pesticides being present in the surface soil, subsurface soil, surface water, river sediment, and groundwater. Soil remediation began in February 1998 and ended in September 1999. Today, Ohio River Park has the Robert Morris University Island Sports Center and Coraopolis Bridge on top of it. Additionally, benzene continues to be monitored because it is still present in the Site's groundwater.

text:
# Ohio River Park

**Ohio River Park** is a Superfund Site located in Neville Island, Pennsylvania. Between the 1920s-1970s, the Site was used for municipal waste, pesticide manufacturing, coke sludge disposal, cement manufacturing disposal, and pesticide waste. In 1977, Neville Land Company donated the Site to Allegheny County who started developing the Site as a community park. In 1979, Allegheny County found various hazardous contaminants on the Site. On August 30, 1990, the Site was determined to be a Superfund Site due to VOCs, SVOCs, inorganics, and pesticides being present in the surface soil, subsurface soil, surface water, river sediment, and groundwater. Soil remediation began in February 1998 and ended in September 1999. Today, Ohio River Park has the Robert Morris University Island Sports Center and Coraopolis Bridge on top of it. Additionally, benzene continues to be monitored because it is still present in the Site's groundwater.

## History

In the 1920s to 1970, Ohio River Park was owned by Pittsburgh Coke & Chemical Company (a.k.a. Calgon Carbon). In the 1930s to mid-1950s, Ohio River Park was a landfill for municipal wastes. In 1952 to 1965, Ohio River Park was used to dispose of coke sludge, cement manufacturing waste, and pesticides. In 1970, the property was transferred to a subsidiary company named Neville Land Company who donated Ohio River Park to Allegheny County in 1977. In 1977, Allegheny County started developing the area as a community park. However, in 1979, Allegheny County found benzene and other hazardous contaminants in the groundwater and soil. Allegheny County returned the land back to Neville Land Company in 1979. On August 30, 1990, the Site was added to the National Priorities List and was determined to be a Superfund Site. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) soil remediation began in February 1998 and ended in September 1999. In 2003, Robert Morris University bought the Site's land from Neville Land Company for 2.7 million. Today, the Robert Morris University Island Sports Center sits on top of Ohio River Park. This area includes a track and field area, mini golf course, golf range dome, ice rink, and boathouse. The Site is still being monitored today and will receive its next five year report in 2023.

## Site contamination

**Contaminants**

There were numerous chemicals found on the Site. The contamination came from municipal waste, pesticide manufacturing, disposed coke sludge, disposed cement manufacturing products, and pesticide waste. In 1989, the most concerning chemicals were benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylene, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), naphthalene, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, diethyl phthalate, Silvex (commonly known as Fenoprop), and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T). Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene are commonly known as BTEX. BTEX is found in petroleum and coal processes. Chlorophenols are common in pesticide and industrial waste. 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T were herbicides used to make Agent Orange in the Vietnam War. Additionally, cyanide, arsenic, beryllium, chromium, cadmium, lead, iron, copper, mercury, selenium, nickel, thallium, and zinc were at concerning concentrations.

After a baseline risk assessment was submitted in January 1995, the following contaminants were of concern for human health: benzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, dibenz(a,h)antharacene, 4-methylphenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, dieldrin, alpha-benzene hexachloride, gamma-chlordane, manganese, beryllium, arsenic, and mercury. These contaminants are the final contaminants of concern for the Site.

### Benzene metabolism and health effects

The last contaminant of concern (COC) on the site is Benzene. Benzene is a multipotential carcinogen and produces non-carcinogenic effects such as white blood cell decrease. In 1979, the maximum benzene concentration in air was 410 μg/L. For pregnant women, concentrations of less than 1 μg/L of benzene have been proven to cause low birth weights. In 1989, maximum benzene groundwater concentrations were 67,000 μg/L. Mice have been found to have a decrease in white blood cell count after being exposed to 166 μg/L for 4 weeks.

## Toxicity Effects on Organisms

The EPA stated that the benthic, aquatic, and terrestrial community in the surrounding area should have been affected. In the official EPA documents reviewed around Ohio River Park, there were no reports of people experiencing adverse health effects like other Superfund Sites (e.g. Love Canal). The US Fish and Wildlife Service found that there were no federally threatened and/or endangered species at/near the Site.

In 1994, the Ecological Risk Assessment stated that raccoons and eastern moles were analyzed because they were present at and around the Site. The eastern mole was chosen over other small mammals because it consumed earthworms on the Site and it was exposed to the Site's soil through burrowing. Raccoons were chosen because they are omnivores and higher trophic organisms. Raccoons ate plants, fish, and amphibians on the Site. After completing the Ecological Risk Assessment, only lead was of probable concern for eastern moles, but not raccoons. There is little information showing that organisms were significantly affected by the contamination on and around Ohio River Park.

## Site policy and remediation

### Site policy

The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), Clean Water Act (CWA), and Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) are applicable to Ohio River Park.

The SDWA protects the water quality of drinking water in the US. Under the SDWA, there are maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) that must be met. In the Site Investigation Report, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, and selenium all greatly exceeded the MCL.

The CWA protects water quality in bodies of water (such as rivers and lakes) and it determines *water quality criteria* (i.e. standards to protect water quality in water bodies). Benzene, phenol, silvex, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), 2-chlorophenol, and 2,4-dichlorophenol did not meet the water quality criteria (WQC) suggested by the EPA.

CERCLA was designed to protect the environment by cleaning up uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites. Additionally, the EPA seeks payment from parties responsible under CERCLA.

### Remediation

In remediation projects, engineers make contaminants of concern (COCs) which are the most toxic chemicals targeted for full clean-up. The soil contaminants of concern in 1996 were benzo(a)anthracene and benzo(a)pyrene. The cleanup goal of benzo(a)anthracene and benzo(a)pyrene was set at a soil concentration of 7,800 ug/kg and 780 ug/kg, respectively. The groundwater contaminants of concern in 1998 were benzene and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP). The cleanup goal for benzene was set at its maximum contaminant level (MCL), 5 μg/L and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol was set at a concentration of 61 μg/L.

The EPA determines remediating any parts of a Site as an *operable unit* (abbreviated as OU). There were 3 OUs on the Site.

OU1 dealt with remediating the soil and it consisted of creating a multi-layer cap and gas collection system, an erosion cap, and an erosion control system with vertical barrier slurry walls. Multi-layer capping prevents various contaminants from reaching groundwater through infiltration. OU1 construction occurred in February 1998 and ended in September 1999. The cleanup goal of benzo(a)anthracene and benzo(a)pyrene was achieved.

OU2 dealt with building a new Coraopolis Bridge on top of a portion of the Site. OU2 had no human health hazards in the soil. Thus, OU2 was given *no action* and bridge construction was completed by 1995.

OU3 dealt with monitoring the groundwater via Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) and began in 2004. MNA is still ongoing. The cleanup goal for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) was 61 μg/L and this goal was achieved by having a well reach less than 61 μg/L from October 2015 to December 2017. By December 2017, only two wells did not meet the benzene maximum contaminant level (MCL). One well is currently being projected to be under the MCL by 2034 (called ERT-27S). The other well (called URS-24S) may not achieve the MCL by 2034, but the EPA is not concerned.

## InfoBox

| Ohio River Park | |
| --- | --- |
| Superfund site | |
| Neville Island, Pennsylvania (shown in the middle of the image) | |
| Geography | |
| City | Neville Island |
| County | Allegheny County |
| State | Pennsylvania |
| Coordinates | 40°31′06.7″N 80°09′08.7″W / 40.518528°N 80.152417°W / 40.518528; -80.152417 |
| Ohio River Park | |
| Information | |
| CERCLIS ID | PAD980508816 |
| Contaminants | VOCs, semi-VOCs, inorganics, and pesticides |
| Responsible
parties | Neville Land Company |
| Progress | |
| Listed | August 1990 |
| Construction
completed | September 1999 |
| List of Superfund sites | |


title: Mörsbach

abstract: Mörsbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a community belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde – in the Westerwaldkreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

text:
# Mörsbach

**Mörsbach** is an *Ortsgemeinde* – a community belonging to a *Verbandsgemeinde* – in the Westerwaldkreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

## Geography

### Location

The community lies in the Westerwald between Limburg and Siegen in the nature and landscape conservation area of the Kroppach Switzerland (*Kroppacher Schweiz*). It belongs to the *Verbandsgemeinde* of Hachenburg, a kind of collective municipality. Its seat is in the like-named town. Another Mörsbach is Part of the Town Zweibrücken in Rheinland-Pfalz near the Border to Saarland with about 1000 Citizen

### Constituent communities

Mörsbach's *Ortsteile* are Obermörsbach, Niedermörsbach, Wintershof and Burbach.

## History

In 1335, Mörsbach had its first documentary mention as *Mersbach*. The other Mörsbach near Zweibrücken --\>1441 wurde der Ort als Morspach erstmals genannt, lag damals aber noch im Tal des Bundenbachs in der Au. Erst als es nach dem Dreißigjährigen Krieg verödet war und Neusiedler aus dem Berner Oberland angeworben wurden, errichteten diese den Ort auf der Höhe neu. Wegen der Herkunft dieser Siedler, die der landwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung große Impulse gaben, wird Mörsbach in der Umgegend als Die kleine Schweiz bezeichnet.

Mörsbach gehörte bis zu dessen Ende stets zu Pfalz-Zweibrücken. Seit dem 19. Jahrhundert wurde es von der Bürgermeisterei Großbundenbach aus verwaltet, ehe die bis dahin eigenständige Gemeinde am 22. April 1972 nach Zweibrücken eingemeindet wurde\[1\].

Von der am Bundenbach gelegenen ehemaligen Mörsbacher Mühle wurde jahrzehntelang das Trinkwasser für die drei Ortschaften Mörsbach, Großbundenbach und Kleinbundenbach auf die Höhe gepumpt.

## Politics

The municipal council is made up of 9 council members, including the extraofficial mayor (*Bürgermeister*), who were elected in a majority vote in a municipal election on 13 June 2004.

## Economy and infrastructure

South of the community runs *Bundesstraße* 414, leading from Hohenroth to Hachenburg. The nearest Autobahn interchanges are Siegen, Wilnsdorf and Herborn on the A 45 (DortmundGießen). The nearest InterCityExpress stop is the railway station at Montabaur on the Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed rail line.

## InfoBox

| Mörsbach | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Niedermörsbach | |
|  | |
| Location of Mörsbach within Westerwaldkreis district | |
| Mörsbach Mörsbach | |
| Coordinates: 50°43′36″N 7°47′0″E / 50.72667°N 7.78333°E / 50.72667; 7.78333 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Rhineland-Palatinate |
| District | Westerwaldkreis |
| Municipal assoc. | Hachenburg |
| Subdivisions | 4 |
| Government | |
| Mayor (201924) | Egon Müller |
| Area | |
| Total | 5.92 km2 (2.29 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 340 m (1,120 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 409 |
| Density | 69/km2 (180/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 57629 |
| Dialling codes | 02688 |
| Vehicle registration | WW |
| Website | www.hachenburg-vg.de |


title: Peter Gregson (civil servant)

abstract: Sir Peter Lewis Gregson, was a British civil servant. He was Permanent Secretary of the Department of Energy from 1985 to 1989, and of the Department of Trade and Industry from 1989 until his retirement in 1996.

text:
# Peter Gregson (civil servant)

**Sir Peter Lewis Gregson**, GCB (28 June 1936 – 12 December 2015) was a British civil servant. He was Permanent Secretary of the Department of Energy from 1985 to 1989, and of the Department of Trade and Industry from 1989 until his retirement in 1996.

## Early life and education

Gregson was born on 28 June 1936 in Haworth, Yorkshire, England. He was the only child born to Lillian and Walter, a local school teacher. In 1945, his family moved to Nottingham, Nottinghamshire. In 1947, he won a scholarship to Nottingham High School, then an all-boys private school in Nottingham. He ended his time there as head boy of the sixth form and vice-captain of the school.

Gregson won an open scholarship to study classics at Balliol College, Oxford, and matriculated in 1955. He achieved a first in Mods (Latin and Greek language and literature) in 1957, and a first in Greats (specialising in philosophy and ancient history) in 1959. He therefore graduated from the University of Oxford with a double first-class honours Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1959. He was active in the Oxford Union, the university debating society, though he never stood for an elected office.

## Career

Having achieved such a high class degree, Gregson's college tutor recommended an academic career, but only if he couldn't find an alternative. After graduating, he joined the civil service where he spent most of his career and never entered academia.

### Military service

After university, Gregson was called up to complete his National Service. On 7 September 1959, he was commissioned into the Royal Army Educational Corps as a second lieutenant (on probation); his commission was confirmed in May 1960. He served as an education officer attached to the Sherwood Foresters. On 1 October 1961, he was transferred to the Regular Army Reserve of Officers, thereby ending his full-time service in the British Army. He was promoted to lieutenant on 7 March 1965.

Gregson later said that he learnt more about leadership and management during his military service than in the first few years in the civil service.

### Civil Service career

In 1959, Gregson sat the civil service exam and scored highly enough to be selected for the elite Administrative Class of Civil Service. However, he did not start working as a civil servant immediately. Instead, he served in the British Army for two years as part of National Service.

In 1961, Gregson joined the Board of Trade. His first job was to prepare briefs for negotiations involved in Britain's first attempt to join the European Common Market; it was unsuccessful. In 1963, he was appointed Private Secretary to the Minister of State for Overseas Development. During this 18-month posting, he spent his time organising and taking part in ministerial visits to 16 different countries.

## Honours

In the 1983 New Year Honours, Gregson was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in recognition of his service as Deputy Secretary of the Cabinet Office. In the 1988 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was promoted to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in recognition of his service as Permanent Under Secretary Of State in the Department of Energy, and therefore granted the title *sir*. In the 1996 New Year Honours, he was promoted to a Knight Grand Cross (the highest rank) of the Order of the Bath (GCB) in recognition of his service as Permanent Secretary of the Department of Trade and Industry.

## InfoBox

| Sir Peter GregsonGCB | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Permanent Secretary of the Department of Trade and Industry | |
| **In office**
1989–1996 | |
| Monarch | Queen Elizabeth II |
| Prime Minister | Margaret Thatcher
John Major |
| Permanent Secretary of the Department of Energy | |
| **In office**
1985–1989 | |
| Monarch | Queen Elizabeth II |
| Prime Minister | Margaret Thatcher |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Peter Lewis Gregson
(1936-06-28)28 June 1936
Haworth, Yorkshire, England |
| Died | 12 December 2015(2015-12-12) (aged 79) |
| Education | Nottingham High School |
| Alma mater | Balliol College, Oxford |
| Awards | CB (1983)
KCB (1988)
GCB (1996) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Branch/service | British Army |
| Years of service | 1959–1961 |
| Rank | Lieutenant |
| Unit | Royal Army Educational Corps |
| Battles/wars | Cold War |
|  | |


title: Mycetophagus serrulatus

abstract: Mycetophagus serrulatus is a species of hairy fungus beetle in the family Mycetophagidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Mycetophagus serrulatus

***Mycetophagus serrulatus*** is a species of hairy fungus beetle in the family Mycetophagidae. It is found in North America.

## Further reading

* Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2013). *Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 5: Tenebrionoidea*. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-90-04-26090-0.

## InfoBox

| *Mycetophagus serrulatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mycetophagidae |
| Genus: | *Mycetophagus* |
| Species: | ***M. serrulatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mycetophagus serrulatus***<br>(Casey, 1900) | |
|


title: Marina Stepnova

abstract: Marina Lvovna Stepnova is a Russian writer and poet, best known for her books Women of Lazarus (2011), which won the Big Book Award, and was nominated for the Russian Booker Prize and the Yasnaya Polyana Literary Award in 2012, and The Garden (2020), which won the Yasnaya Polyana Literary Award in 2021.

text:
# Marina Stepnova

**Marina Lvovna Stepnova** (née **Rovner**; born 2 September 1971, in Yefremov) is a Russian writer and poet, best known for her books *Women of Lazarus* (2011), which won the Big Book Award, and was nominated for the Russian Booker Prize and the Yasnaya Polyana Literary Award in 2012, and *The Garden* (2020), which won the Yasnaya Polyana Literary Award in 2021.

## Biography

She was born in Tula Oblast, in the family of a military man and a doctor. In 1981, the family settled in Chisinau. There, in 1988, she graduated from high school and entered the Moldova State University, where she studied the first three courses at the Faculty of Philology. She then transferred to the Translation Department of the Maxim Gorky Literature Institute in Moscow. A future Romanian translator left the university and a replacement was urgently needed. They came to Chisinau to look for such a candidate, as Moldovan and Romanian languages are identical, and in the end they chose Marina. She graduated in 1994. In postgraduate studies at the Gorky Institute of World Literature she studied the works of Alexander Sumarokov.

She started writing poetry at the age of 16 and wrote her first short story at the age of 23.

She worked for a high-fashion magazine. Since 2017 she has been teaching literature at the Master's programme at the Faculty of Humanities at Higher School of Economics. She has also worked as a screenwriter.

## InfoBox

| Marina Stepnova | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Marina Lvovna Rovner
1971 (age 5253)
Yefremov, USSR |
| Occupation | writer, poet |
| Alma mater | Maxim Gorky Literature Institute |


title: MediaFile

abstract: MediaFile is an independent student news organization at The George Washington University. Founded in 2016 in the District of Columbia, MediaFile covers the evolution of media and the future of news. MediaFile is editorially and financially independent of GW, incorporated in D.C. with 501(c)(3) non-profit status.

text:
# MediaFile

**MediaFile** is an independent student news organization at The George Washington University. Founded in 2016 in the District of Columbia, MediaFile covers the evolution of media and the future of news.

MediaFile is editorially and financially independent of GW, incorporated in D.C. with 501(c)(3) non-profit status.

## Mission

MediaFile is an online news publication devoted to the evolution of journalism. MediaFile claims to be D.C.’s singular source for media news and criticism, boasting a close look at Washington-based reporting as well as the industry as a whole. MediaFile is run independently by the students of the George Washington University School of Media and Public Affairs, and seeks to enrich the discourse about news coverage, industry trends, and media ethics.

## Founding

According to Poynter, the idea for MediaFile came about after the collapse of the American Journalism Review in August 2015. After AJR closed, which was based out of Philip Merrill College of Journalism at University of Maryland, College Park, there was no organization devoted to media criticism in Washington, D.C. MediaFile launched with approximately 30 writers and editors, favoring "quality over quantity" in its publishing standards. AdWeek's Fishbowl blog notes: "As students, MediaFile’s writers and reporters can fill an important role, armed as they are with their fresh, hungry eyes and academic understanding of the craft and practice of journalism and communications."

## Board of directors

MediaFile's board of directors includes students, academics, and journalists alike.

## InfoBox

MediaFile
| Type | Online magazine |
| --- | --- |
| Owner(s) | MediaFile Publishing, Inc. |
| Founder(s) | Scott Nover |
| Editor-in-chief | Celine Castronuovo |
| General manager | Julian Strachan |
| Founded | 2016 |
| Website | www.mediafiledc.com |


title: Plutonium Finishing Plant

abstract: The Plutonium Finishing Plant (PFP), also known as 'Z Plant', was part of the Hanford Site nuclear research complex in Washington, US.

text:
# Plutonium Finishing Plant

The **Plutonium Finishing Plant** (**PFP**), also known as 'Z Plant', was part of the Hanford Site nuclear research complex in Washington, US.

## Operations

The plant began in 1949 with the purpose of on-site production of plutonium metal in a form suitable for weapons at Hanford. It also participated in programs to recycle plutonium. One of the projects was the use of mixed plutonium-oxide uranium-oxide (MOX) fuel in the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF). For that project, one of the PFP's tasks was to perform quality assurance for the fuel pins that had been constructed for the FFTF by outside vendors, such as Kerr-McGee, NUMEC, and Babcock & Wilcox.

The major activities at PFP generally included:

* Created plutonium 'buttons', used to make weapons, until 1989
* Special nuclear material handling and storage
* Plutonium recovery
* Plutonium conversion
* Laboratory support
* Waste handling
* Shutdown and operational facility surveillances.

## Divisions

**Plutonium Conversion Facility**

* 'Remote Mechanical A' line - created plutonium oxide powder
* 'Remote Mechanical C' line - created metallic plutonium from plutonium nitrate

**Plutonium Reclamation Facility**

* Produced 'high purity plutonium nitrate solution' from a 'variety of feed sources, including scrap'. Started in 1964

**Waste Treatment Facility**

* Neutralized liquid nuclear waste before it was pumped to Hanford's Tank Farms

**Incinerator**

* Burned old clothes, filters, etc. to recover plutonium residue

**Other**

* Ventilation systems, nuclear storage vaults, chemical storage, office space, backup generator, etc.
* RECUPLEX process, Plutonium recovery and recycle. Contaminated the ground with plutonium, carbon tetrachloride, and acidic waste

## Cleanup and demolition

Before the last four major facilities at the plant could be demolished, approximately 20 years of work was completed to stabilize approximately 20 tons (nearly 18 metric tons) of plutonium-bearing material by 2004; remove legacy plutonium from plant systems by 2005; ship all weapons-grade plutonium out of the plant and to the Savannah River Site by 2009; remove 238 large pieces of contaminated equipment, including glove boxes and fume hoods, and approximately 50 plutonium processing tanks; and demolish numerous plant support facilities, including the vault complex used for secure storage of plutonium by 2012. That preparatory work has been called the most hazardous cleanup work at the Hanford Site and PFP has been called Hanford's most hazardous building.

The Department of Energy's PFP Closure Project intended to have the entire facility cleaned and destroyed down to a concrete slab in 2017, with all contaminated materials moved to other sites. Open-air demolition of the plant's last four remaining major facilities began in November 2016 on the plant's Plutonium Reclamation Facility. Demolition of the second major facility, the Americium Recovery Facility, also known as the "McCluskey Room" because of a facility accident in 1976, began in January 2017 and was completed in March 2017. Demolition of the third remaining major facility, the ventilation stack and fan house, was completed in July 2017. Demolition of the last of four major remaining facilities, the Main Processing Facility, began in July 2017. As of December 2017, all demolition is on hold, after contamination was found as far away as 10 miles from the site, and found in two car air filters that were checked by a Hanford contractor and deemed clean, but rechecked by an independent lab and were found to have small amounts of radioactive contamination. All demolition and cleanup work was completed in November 2021.


title: Galfar Engineering and Contracting

abstract: Galfar Engineering and Contracting SAOG was founded by Dr. Salim Said Al Fannah Al Araimi, Sheikh Mohamed Rashid Al Fannah Al Araimi and Dr. P. Mohamed Ali. Galfar Engineering is known as one of the largest engineering, contracting and construction companies in the Sultanate of Oman. Its headquarters is situated in Ghala, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman. An article in The Economic Times claims it to be one of the top five engineering contractors across the Gulf. It was established in January 1972. It has a turnover of US$1 billion. Galfar employs over 23,000 workers, only in Oman, with more than 7,000 different kinds of plant and equipment.

text:
# Galfar Engineering and Contracting

**Galfar Engineering and Contracting** SAOG was founded by Dr. Salim Said Al Fannah Al Araimi, Sheikh Mohamed Rashid Al Fannah Al Araimi and Dr. P. Mohamed Ali. Galfar Engineering is known as one of the largest engineering, contracting and construction companies in the Sultanate of Oman. Its headquarters is situated in Ghala, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman. An article in *The Economic Times* claims it to be one of the top five engineering contractors across the Gulf. It was established in January 1972. It has a turnover of US$1 billion. Galfar employs over 23,000 workers, only in Oman, with more than 7,000 different kinds of plant and equipment.


title: I Am Guilty (1921 film)

abstract: I Am Guilty is a 1921 American silent drama film directed by Jack Nelson and starring Louise Glaum, Mahlon Hamilton, and Claire Du Brey.

text:
# I Am Guilty (1921 film)

***I Am Guilty*** is a 1921 American silent drama film directed by Jack Nelson and starring Louise Glaum, Mahlon Hamilton, and Claire Du Brey.

## Plot

A lawyer defends his own wife, a former chorus girl, who has been accused of murder.

## Cast

## Preservation

With no copies of *I Am Guilty* located in any film archives, it is a lost film.

## Bibliography

* Munden, Kenneth White. *The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures Produced in the United States, Part 1*. University of California Press, 1997.

## InfoBox

| I Am Guilty (1921 film) | |
| --- | --- |
| Advertisement | |
| Directed by | Jack Nelson |
| Written by | Bradley King |
| Starring | Louise Glaum
Mahlon Hamilton
Claire Du Brey |
| Cinematography | Charles J. Stumar |
| Production
company | J. Parker Read Jr. Productions |
| Distributed by | Associated Producers |
| Release date | * May 27, 1921 (1921-05-27) |
| Running time | 70 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | Silent (English intertitles) |


title: Petrus Gyllius

abstract: Petrus Gyllius or Gillius (1490–1555) was a French natural scientist, topographer and translator. Gilles was born in Albi, southern France. A great traveller, he studied the Mediterranean and Orient, producing such works as De Topographia Constantinopoleos et de illius antiquitatibus libri IV, Cosmæ Indopleutes and De Bosphoro Thracio libri III, in which he provided the first written account of the Bosphorus, in Latin, as well as a book about the fish of the Mediterranean. Sent by King Francis I of France to Constantinople in 1544-47 to find ancient manuscripts, he discovered a manuscript of the geographical work of Dionysius of Byzantium and wrote a Latin paraphrase of it. Most of his books were published after his death by his nephew. In 1533 he also translated Claudius Aelianus. He died of malaria in Rome while accompanying his patron, Cardinal Georges d'Armagnac.

text:
# Petrus Gyllius

**Petrus Gyllius** or **Gillius** (or **Pierre Gilles**) (1490–1555) was a French natural scientist, topographer and translator.

Gilles was born in Albi, southern France. A great traveller, he studied the Mediterranean and Orient, producing such works as *De Topographia Constantinopoleos et de illius antiquitatibus libri IV,* *Cosmæ Indopleutes* and *De Bosphoro Thracio libri III,* in which he provided the first written account of the Bosphorus, in Latin, as well as a book about the fish of the Mediterranean. Sent by King Francis I of France to Constantinople in 1544-47 to find ancient manuscripts, he discovered a manuscript of the geographical work of Dionysius of Byzantium and wrote a Latin paraphrase of it. Most of his books were published after his death by his nephew. In 1533 he also translated Claudius Aelianus. He died of malaria in Rome while accompanying his patron, Cardinal Georges d'Armagnac.

## Representation in fiction

As Pierre Gilles, Petrus Gyllius plays a small but significant role in *Pawn in Frankincense*, the fourth volume in the historical fiction series, *The Lymond Chronicles*, by Dorothy Dunnett.

## Further reading

Media related to Petrus Gyllius at Wikimedia Commons


title: Ohio River Basin Congressional Caucus

abstract: The Ohio River Basin Congressional Caucus, also known as the Congressional Ohio River Basin Caucus and the Ohio River Basin Caucus, is a Congressional Member Organization dedicated to addressing the critical economic, infrastructure, agricultural, environmental, and community issues within the Ohio River Basin.

text:
# Ohio River Basin Congressional Caucus

The **Ohio River Basin Congressional Caucus**, also known as the **Congressional Ohio River Basin Caucus** and the **Ohio River Basin Caucus**, is a **Congressional Member Organization** dedicated to addressing the critical economic, infrastructure, agricultural, environmental, and community issues within the Ohio River Basin.

## History

The caucus was founded on October 21, 2009, by then Rep. Shelley Moore Capito and Rep. Steve Driehaus in order to unite all members of Congress whose districts reside within the Ohio River Basin to work together to resolve issues faced by their constituents.

The caucus was formed in conjunction with the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission, which is an organization that was formed by multiple state governments to manage and maintain the environmental quality of the Ohio River Valley.

## Members

While all Congressional Caucuses work to recruit additional members who support their particular goals, The Ohio River Basin Caucus is unique in that it makes no attempt to recruit any member of Congress whose Congressional district does not fall within the boundary of the Ohio River Basin. Under this policy, membership for the Caucus is capped at fifty-five members of the House of Representatives and twenty-eight Senators.

### Current members

Membership is as of the 118th Congress.

### Former members

## Political activities

### Indiana Ohio River Basin Caucus

The Congressional Ohio River Basin Caucus has routinely worked closely with the Indiana Ohio River Basin Caucus, which exists within the Indiana House of Representatives. Specifically, they have worked together to enact environmental protection laws along Indiana's border with the city of Louisville, Kentucky.

## InfoBox

| Ohio River Basin Congressional Caucus | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Republican Co-Chair | Sen. Shelley Moore Capito (R-WV) |
| Democratic Co-Chair | Rep. John Yarmuth (D) (KY-3) |
| Political position | Bipartisan |
| Colors | None Official (Gray Unofficial) |
| Seats in the Senate | 2 / 28 |
| Seats in the House | 15 / 55 |
|  | |


title: Peter Gregg (musician)

abstract: Peter Gregg is a producer and musician. Gregg played lead guitar on the earliest recordings of the prototype predecessor to the musical group Devo, under his stage name Coupe de Ville. Gregg later worked as an engineer at the Record Plant Studios in Los Angeles, as a cameraman for Merv Griffin Productions at Caesars Palace on the Las Vegas Strip, at MTV in New York City, and as a technical director for WWE. He produced "CARACOL: The Last Maya City" for PBS.

text:
# Peter Gregg (musician)

**Peter Gregg** (born March 6, 1951, Kent, Ohio) is a producer and musician. Gregg played lead guitar on the earliest recordings of the prototype predecessor to the musical group Devo, under his stage name Coupe de Ville.

Gregg later worked as an engineer at the Record Plant Studios in Los Angeles, as a cameraman for Merv Griffin Productions at Caesars Palace on the Las Vegas Strip, at MTV in New York City, and as a technical director for WWE.

He produced "CARACOL: The Last Maya City" for PBS.


title: Mägipe

abstract: Mägipe is a village in Hiiumaa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia. The Kõpu Lighthouse is located in Mägipe.

text:
# Mägipe

**Mägipe** is a village in Hiiumaa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.

The Kõpu Lighthouse is located in Mägipe.

## InfoBox

| Mägipe | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Kõpu Lighthouse in Mägipe | |
| Mägipe | |
| Coordinates: 58°55′N 22°12′E / 58.917°N 22.200°E / 58.917; 22.200 | |
| Country | Estonia |
| County | Hiiu County |
| Parish | Hiiumaa Parish |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


title: Marguerite Whitten

abstract: Marguerite Whitten was an American film actress appearing in 14 films between 1938 and 1943, often with actor Mantan Moreland. She was also billed as Margaret Whitten. Whitten was born on February 23, 1913, in Mississippi. She died on December 25, 1990, in Los Angeles County.

text:
# Marguerite Whitten

**Marguerite Whitten** (February 23, 1913  December 25, 1990) was an American film actress appearing in 14 films between 1938 and 1943, often with actor Mantan Moreland. She was also billed as **Margaret Whitten**.

Whitten was born on February 23, 1913, in Mississippi. She died on December 25, 1990, in Los Angeles County.

## Filmography

1. McCann, Bob (September 23, 2022). *Encyclopedia of African American Actresses in Film and Television*. McFarland. p. 359. ISBN 978-1-4766-9140-4. Retrieved December 13, 2022.

## InfoBox

| Marguerite Whitten | |
| --- | --- |
| Whitten in *Let's Go Collegiate* (1941) | |
| Born | (1913-02-23)February 23, 1913
Greenville, Mississippi, U.S. |
| Died | December 25, 1990(1990-12-25) (aged 77)
Los Angeles County, California, U.S. |
| Other names | Margaret Whitten |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 19381943 |


title: Gayéri (department)

abstract: Gayéri is a department or commune of Komondjari Province in Burkina Faso.

text:
# Gayéri (department)

**Gayéri** is a department or commune of Komondjari Province in Burkina Faso.

## Towns

The department consists of a chief town :

and 24 villages:

* Bandikidini
* Bassiéri
* Boalla
* Bouogou
* Carimama
* Diabatou

* Djora
* Gamboudéni
* Gnifoagma
* Komompouma
* Kopialga
* Kotougou

* Kourgou
* Lonadéni
* Louanga
* Maldiabari
* Maldianga
* Nalidougou

* N'Bina
* Yeah
* Soualimou
* Tiargou
* Tiboudi
* Toumbenga.

## InfoBox

| Gayéri | |
| --- | --- |
| Department | |
| Gayéri Department location in the province | |
| Country | Burkina Faso |
| Region | Est Region |
| Province | Komondjari Province |
| Area | |
| Department | 1,117 sq mi (2,894 km2) |
| Population (2019 census) | |
| Department | 76,201 |
| Density | 68/sq mi (26/km2) |
| Urban | 15,170 |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT 0) |


title: Pierre-René Floquet

abstract: Pierre-René Floquet was a Jesuit priest in Quebec sympathetic to the Americans during the American Revolutionary War.

text:
# Pierre-René Floquet

**Pierre-René Floquet** (September 12, 1716  October 18, 1782) was a Jesuit priest in Quebec sympathetic to the Americans during the American Revolutionary War.

## Biography

He was born in Paris and entered the noviciate in 1734. Floquet taught grammar and the classics at Quimper and studied theology at the Jesuit Collège de La Flèche. He came to Canada in 1744, where he taught at the Jesuit college in Quebec. Floquet spent two years as a missionary at Kahnawake and took his vows as a priest in 1752. He served as bursar for the college at Quebec City until 1757, when he became superior for the Jesuits at Montreal. Although the Jesuit order was suppressed by Pope Clement XIV in 1773, the order continued to operate in Canada.

After Montreal was captured by the Americans in 1775, his interactions with the invading forces compromised him in the eyes of the British and of bishop Briand. Floquet allowed John Carroll, a Jesuit priest and the cousin of Charles Carroll, to perform mass in his church. He also had expressed opposition to the Quebec Act, had given the sacraments to people who had joined the American forces and had dined with American Colonel Moses Hazen. After being placed under an interdict by the bishop, Floquet expressed regret for not following the Briand's instructions to remain loyal to the British cause.

Floquet died in Quebec City at the age of 65.


title: Saving Grace (Pete Murray song)

abstract: "Saving Grace" is a song by Australian singer-songwriter Pete Murray. It was released on 19 July 2008 as the second single from Murray's fourth studio album, Summer at Eureka.

text:
# Saving Grace (Pete Murray song)

"**Saving Grace**" is a song by Australian singer-songwriter Pete Murray. It was released on 19 July 2008 as the second single from Murray's fourth studio album, *Summer at Eureka*.

## Reception

In July 2022, Stephen Green from *The Music* ranked "Saving Grace" as Murray's 9th best song, saying, "This is a classic stripped-back love song; the kind we look for on every Pete Murray album."

## Track listing

1. "Saving Grace" - 2:57
2. "You Pick Me Up" (acoustic) - 4:27

## Charts

| Chart (2008) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australia (ARIA) | 44 |

## InfoBox

| "Saving Grace" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Pete Murray | |
| from the album  *Summer at Eureka* | |
| Released | 19 July 2008 |
| Length | 2:57 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) | Pete Murray |
| Producer(s) | * Pete Murray |
| Pete Murray singles chronology | |
| "You Pick Me Up"
(2008) "**Saving Grace**"
(2008) "Chance to Say Goodbye"
(2009) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Saving Grace" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Oenochroma privata

abstract: Oenochroma privata is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by Francis Walker in 1860. It is known from Australia.

text:
# Oenochroma privata

***Oenochroma privata*** is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by Francis Walker in 1860. It is known from Australia.

## InfoBox

| *Oenochroma privata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Oenochroma* |
| Species: | ***O. privata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oenochroma privata***<br>(Walker, 1860) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Hypographa privata* Walker, 1860 * *Monoctenia hypotaeniaria* Guenée, 1864 | |


title: Māngere Arts Centre - Ngā Tohu o Uenuku

abstract: Māngere Arts Centre - Ngā Tohu o Uenuku is an Auckland Council-owned and operated arts venue in the suburb of Māngere, in Auckland, New Zealand. The purpose-built facility was opened in 2010, and is considered by Auckland Council to be the home of Māori and Pacific visual art and performing arts in Auckland.

text:
# Māngere Arts Centre - Ngā Tohu o Uenuku

**Māngere Arts Centre - Ngā Tohu o Uenuku** is an Auckland Council-owned and operated arts venue in the suburb of Māngere, in Auckland, New Zealand. The purpose-built facility was opened in 2010, and is considered by Auckland Council to be the home of Māori and Pacific visual art and performing arts in Auckland.

## Facility

The centre was purpose-built, and opened in September 2010 by Manukau City Council. It is now both owned and operated by Auckland Council. The venue includes two gallery spaces, totalling 217m2, and a 230-seat theatre. In addition to the 390m2 performance space, there are a 56m2 studio space, three dressing rooms and a Green Room. An enclosed courtyard is used for outside performances. The facility also has a community kitchen and a cafe. Attendance in 2018 and 2019 was more than 36,000 people annually.

Since 2013, Alison Quigan has been the Performing Arts Manager at the centre.

## Programme

The theatre produces an annual school holiday production in the April school holidays.

## Selected productions

## Selected exhibitions

Māngere Arts Centre Facebook page

## InfoBox

Mangere Arts Centre - Ngā Tohu o Uenuku
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Corner Bader Drive and Orly Avenue, Māngere |
| Coordinates | 36°58′08″S 174°47′55″E / 36.96899141346311°S 174.79849631728436°E / -36.96899141346311; 174.79849631728436 |
| Owner | Auckland Council |


title: Mägenwil railway station

abstract: Mägenwil is a railway station in the municipality of Mägenwil in the Swiss canton of Aargau. The station is located on the Heitersberg line. The station was rebuilt in 2019–2023 to permit the construction of a new connecting track between the Heitersberg line and the Brugg–Hendschiken railway line.

text:
# Mägenwil railway station

**Mägenwil** is a railway station in the municipality of Mägenwil in the Swiss canton of Aargau. The station is located on the Heitersberg line. The station was rebuilt in 2019–2023 to permit the construction of a new connecting track between the Heitersberg line and the Brugg–Hendschiken railway line.

## Services

As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services stop at Mägenwil:

## InfoBox

| Mägenwil | |
| --- | --- |
| The station building in 2018 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Bahnhofstrasse
Mägenwil, Aargau
Switzerland |
| Coordinates | 47°24′52.27″N 8°14′6.24″E / 47.4145194°N 8.2350667°E / 47.4145194; 8.2350667 |
| Elevation | 416 m (1,365 ft) |
| Owned by | Swiss Federal Railways |
| Line(s) | Heitersberg line |
| Train operators | Swiss Federal Railways |
| Connections | Regionalbus Lenzburg AG |
| Other information | |
| Fare zone | 551 (Tarifverbund A-Welle) |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Zürich S-Bahn Following station  Othmarsingentowards Aarau  S11  Mellingen Heitersbergtowards Seuzach or Wila | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |


title: Marguerite Verboeckhoven

abstract: Marguerite Verboeckhoven was a Belgian painter known for her seascapes.

text:
# Marguerite Verboeckhoven

**Marguerite Verboeckhoven** (14 July 1865 – 8 August 1949) was a Belgian painter known for her seascapes.

## Life

Verboeckhoven was born in Schaerbeek in 1865. She was the daughter of the publisher Louis-Hippolyte Verboeckhoven and Rosalie-Françoise Pierard, and the granddaughter of the animal painter Eugène Verboeckhoven and great-granddaughter of the sculptor Barthélémy Verboeckhoven.

She was educated in a wealthy and cultural environment. She received her artistic education at Ernest Blanc-Garin, who had specially opened a workshop for women and girls. Afterwards she became a teacher at the Ernest Blanc-Garin's workshop. She met artists such as Edwin Ganz, Lucien Wollès and Henri Evenepoel there . She specialised in trying to capture the subtle variations of colour seen at the sea shore.

Like many artists including Ernest Blanc-Garin, she lived in Knocke in the 1880s and 1890s.

In 1888, she was co-founder of the *Cercle des Femmes Peintres* in Brussels. Other members were Berthe Art, Marie De Bièvre, Marguerite Dielman, Marie Heijermans, Alice Ronner, Rosa Venneman and Emma Verwée. She organized four exhibitions for the artists circle in 1888, 1890, 1891 and 1893 .

She lived in Brussels, rue de Robiano 28, rue Vifquin 41, and later chaussée de Wavre 249. She exhibited 40 paintings in Brussels in 1940.

Verboeckhoven died in Ixelles in 1949.

Her painting "Coastal Landscape" sold for over $1000 in 2005.

## InfoBox

| Marguerite Verboeckhoven | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 14 July 1865
Schaerbeek |
| Died | 8 August 1949 (1949-08-09) (aged 84)
Ixelles |
| Nationality | Belgian |
| Occupation | Painter |


title: Gaspar Correia

abstract: Gaspar Correia was a Portuguese historian considered a Portuguese Polybius. He authored Lendas da Índia, one of the earliest and most important works about Portuguese rule in Asia.

text:
# Gaspar Correia

**Gaspar Correia** (1492  c. 1563 in Goa) was a Portuguese historian considered a Portuguese Polybius. He authored *Lendas da Índia* (Legends of India), one of the earliest and most important works about Portuguese rule in Asia.

## Biography

Little is known of the author or his family origins and birthplace. It is assumed that he was born in 1492. He lived mostly in Portuguese India, reportedly arriving around 1512-14 to serve as a soldier and then chosen as scrivener to Afonso de Albuquerque, for which he was very proud. He returned to Portugal in 1529 for some time but later returned to India. His work *Lendas da Índia*, though written in a rude style, is considered an indispensable contemporary reference, having profited from his thirty-five years' work in India, and from privileged sources unknown to Fernão Lopes de Castanheda or João de Barros. He wrote the first European account on Asiatic Cholera. One theory suggests that he was murdered in Portuguese Malacca, by order of Governor Estêvão da Gama, the son of Vasco da Gama.

The 3,500-page *Lendas da Índia* manuscript was brought from India to Portugal by Miguel da Gama shortly after Correia's death and copies circulated only among authorised persons. One author claims, without citing any source, that the manuscript was published in 12 volumes in 1556 but, if it existed, no trace remains. His family retained the manuscript of the original, which was printed in 1858 (first part) and 1864 (second part) by the Royal Academy of Sciences of Lisbon.

He died around 1563 in Goa, Portuguese India.

## Bibliography

* CORREIA, Gaspar. *Lendas da Índia* (introduction and review by M. Lopes de Almeida). Porto: 1975.
* BELL, Aubrey Fitz Gerald, "Gaspar Corrêa", Hispanic notes & monographs; essays, studies, and brief biographies issued by the Hispanic Society of America. Portuguese series v, Volume 5 of Hispanic society of America, Oxford University Press, H. Milford, 1924.
* BANHA de ANDRADE, António Alberto, *Gaspar Correia, o 1.º historiador português do Oriente.* (*Gaspar Correia, the First Portuguese Historian of the Far East*) Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, Centro de Estudos de História e Cartografia Antiga, Lisbon, 1985.

* CORREA, Gaspar. *The Three Voyages of Vasco da Gama, and His Viceroyalty. From the* Lendas da India *of Gaspar Correa, accompanied by original documents* (translated from the Portuguese, with notes and an introduction by the Hon. Henry E. J. Stanley). Printed for the Hakluyt Society, London: 1869.
* CORREA, Gaspar. *Lendas da India*. Lisboa: Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa, 1858-1866. 8 volumes.

## InfoBox

| Gaspar Correia | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1492
Portugal |
| Died | c. 1563
Goa, Portuguese India |
| Nationality | Portuguese |
| Occupation | Historian |


title: Gabriel Debeljuh

abstract: Gabriel Debeljuh is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Liga I club Sepsi OSK.

text:
# Gabriel Debeljuh

**Gabriel Debeljuh** (born 28 September 1996) is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Liga I club Sepsi OSK.

## Club career

Debeljuh started out as a senior in the Italian lower leagues with Piacenza Calcio, Mantova and A.C. Este respectively.

In summer 2019, Debeljuh signed for Romanian club Hermannstadt. After netting 12 times in the league and leading the club to a mid-table finish, he earned a transfer to defending champions CFR Cluj in 2020.

## Career statistics

### Club

*As of 22 September 2024*

| Club | Season | League | | | Cup | | Europe | | Other | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Piacenza | 2016–17 | Lega Pro | 11 | 0 | 1 | 0 |  | |  | | 12 | 0 |
| Mantova | 2017–18 | Serie D | 30 | 3 | 2 | 1 |  | | 1 | 1 | 33 | 5 |
| Este | 2018–19 | | 31 | 11 | 1 | 1 |  | |  | | 32 | 12 |
| Hermannstadt | 2019–20 | Liga I | 30 | 12 | 2 | 1 |  | |  | | 32 | 13 |
| CFR Cluj | 2020–21 | | 32 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 43 | 11 |
| | 2021–22 | | 36 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 50 | 19 |
| | 2022–23 | | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 3 |
| | Total | | 72 | 24 | 1 | 0 | 28 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 103 | 33 |
| Sepsi OSK | 2023–24 | Liga I | 28 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29 | 8 |
| | 2024–25 | Liga I | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 |  | |  | | 7 | 3 |
| | Total | | 35 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 11 |
| Career total | | | 208 | 61 | 8 | 3 | 28 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 247 | 74 |

## Honours

**CFR Cluj**

**Sepsi OSK**

1. Gabriel Debeljuh at TuttoCalciatori.net (in Italian)
2. "Gabriel Debeljuh". *Soccerway*. Retrieved 22 January 2021.

## InfoBox

Gabriel Debeljuh
| Debeljuh with CFR Cluj in 2022 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Gabriel Debeljuh | | |
| Date of birth | (1996-09-28) 28 September 1996 | | |
| Place of birth | Pula, Croatia | | |
| Height | 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Sepsi OSK | | |
| Number | 22 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 2010–2013 | Rovinj | | |
| 2013–2016 | Torino | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2016–2017 | Piacenza | 11 | (0) |
| 2017–2018 | Mantova | 30 | (3) |
| 2018–2019 | Este | 31 | (11) |
| 2019–2020 | Hermannstadt | 30 | (12) |
| 2020–2023 | CFR Cluj | 72 | (24) |
| 2023– | Sepsi OSK | 35 | (11) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 22 September 2024 | | | |


title: Scarpantina

abstract: Scarpantina is a genus of planthoppers in the family Flatidae. It was first described by Leopold Melichar in 1901.

text:
# Scarpantina

***Scarpantina*** is a genus of planthoppers in the family Flatidae. It was first described by Leopold Melichar in 1901.

## InfoBox

| *Scarpantina* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Auchenorrhyncha |
| Infraorder: | Fulgoromorpha |
| Family: | Flatidae |
| Tribe: | Flatini |
| Genus: | *Scarpantina*<br>Melichar, 1901 |
|
| Species | |
|  | |


title: Phaecadophora fimbriata

abstract: Phaecadophora fimbriata is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Thailand, Japan, Taiwan, China, India, Java and New Guinea. The wingspan is 20 mm.

text:
# Phaecadophora fimbriata

***Phaecadophora fimbriata*** is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Thailand, Japan, Taiwan, China, India, Java and New Guinea.

The wingspan is 20 mm.

## InfoBox

| *Phaecadophora fimbriata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Phaecadophora* |
| Species: | ***P. fimbriata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phaecadophora fimbriata***<br>Walsingham, 1900 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Argyroploce metactenis* Meyrick, 1909 * *Argyroploce eucrossa* Meyrick, 1914 * *Argyroploce eaolotechna* Meyrick, 1935 * *Argyroploce leucocteis* Diakonoff, 1953 | |


title: Official Code of Georgia Annotated

abstract: The Official Code of Georgia Annotated or OCGA is the compendium of all laws in the state of Georgia. Like other state codes in the United States, its legal interpretation is subject to the U.S. Constitution, the U.S. Code, the Code of Federal Regulations, and the state's constitution. It is to the state what the U.S. Code is to the federal government. An unusual feature of the OCGA is that, as stated in section 1-1-1, the privately prepared code annotations are officially merged into the official copy and are published under the authority of the state. The state held that it retained sole copyright in the code and that the authorized publisher held copyright to the annotations, though the laws of the state were the combination of the code and the annotations. Thus, the publisher would charge for reproductions of the OCGA, with a portion of the fee being returned to the state as a licensing fee. This longstanding feature goes back to the Code of 1872. In 2018, the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals held that the OCGA is not copyrightable, and the U.S. Supreme Court affirmed that holding in April 2020.

text:
# Official Code of Georgia Annotated

The ***Official Code of Georgia Annotated*** or ***OCGA*** is the compendium of all laws in the state of Georgia. Like other state codes in the United States, its legal interpretation is subject to the U.S. Constitution, the U.S. Code, the Code of Federal Regulations, and the state's constitution. It is to the state what the U.S. Code is to the federal government.

An unusual feature of the *OCGA* is that, as stated in section 1-1-1, the privately prepared code annotations are officially merged into the official copy and are published under the authority of the state. The state held that it retained sole copyright in the code and that the authorized publisher held copyright to the annotations, though the laws of the state were the combination of the code and the annotations. Thus, the publisher would charge for reproductions of the *OCGA*, with a portion of the fee being returned to the state as a licensing fee. This longstanding feature goes back to the Code of 1872. In 2018, the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals held that the OCGA is not copyrightable, and the U.S. Supreme Court affirmed that holding in April 2020.

## History

The *OCGA* is the descendant of the first successfully enacted attempt in any English-speaking jurisdiction at a comprehensive codification of the substance of the common law, the Code of Georgia of 1861. The enactment of the Code predated the enactment of civil codes in 1866 in Dakota Territory and 1872 in California based on the work of New York-based law reformer David Dudley Field II. In 1889, Field expressly conceded that point in a written article; he credited his lack of awareness of the contemporaneous Georgia project "to the breaking out of the Civil War."

Unlike the relatively race-neutral Field civil code, large portions of the original Code of Georgia were drafted by the pro-slavery Confederate lawyer Thomas Reade Rootes Cobb, so that the Code was shot through with Cobb's strong bias in favor of slavery and white supremacy. For example, as originally enacted, it contained a presumption that blacks were *prima facie* slaves until proven otherwise. After the Civil War (in which Cobb died at the Battle of Fredericksburg), the Code had to be heavily revised in 1867 to eliminate portions that were obviously incompatible with the Thirteenth Amendment. The Code has been further revised and reenacted many times since.

## Copyrightability

In 2013 the State of Georgia, specifically the Georgia Code Revision Commission, threatened to sue Carl Malamud for copyright infringement over the posting of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated on the website Public.Resource.Org. In 2015, the State of Georgia filed a copyright infringement lawsuit in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia. The State of Georgia claimed a copyright in the Code, and that Carl Malamud and Public.Resource.Org had violated that copyright. Public.Resource.Org claimed that since the state has chosen to make the Official Code of Georgia Annotated the official and authoritative code of the entire state, the Code should not be subject to copyright law, and should be freely available for all citizens to read and access. The Code also holds, in denoting the *annotated* code as the "official code," that authorship and copyright remains with the State and not with the publisher.

In October 2018, the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit held that the Official Code of Georgia, Annotated, is not copyrightable. The Code Revision Commission, established by the Georgia General Assembly, appealed this decision to the United States Supreme Court. The Court heard the oral arguments on December 2, 2019. The case, *Georgia v. Public.Resource.Org, Inc.*, decided the question:

> Whether the government edicts doctrine extends to – and thus renders uncopyrightable – works that lack the force of law, such as the annotations in the Official Code of Georgia Annotated.

In April 2020, the Supreme Court of the United States affirmed the appeals court ruling by holding that the code annotations were ineligible for copyright protection.

## Titles

The *OCGA* is divided into 53 titles:

1. General Provisions
2. Agriculture
3. Alcoholic Beverages
4. Animals
5. Appeal and Error
6. Aviation
7. Banking and Finance
8. Buildings and Housing
9. Civil Practice
10. Commerce and Trade
11. Commercial Code
12. Conservation and Natural Resources
13. Contracts
14. Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations
15. Courts
16. Crimes and Offenses
17. Criminal Procedure
18. Debtor and Creditor
19. Domestic Relations
20. Education
21. Elections
22. Eminent Domain
23. Equity
24. Evidence
25. Fire Protection and Safety
26. Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics
27. Game and Fish
28. General Assembly
29. Guardian and Ward
30. Handicapped Persons
31. Health
32. Highways, Bridges, and Ferries
33. Insurance
34. Labor and Industrial Relations
35. Law Enforcement Officers and Agencies
36. Local Government
37. Mental Health
38. Military, Emergency Management, and Veterans Affairs
39. Minors
40. Motor Vehicles and Traffic
41. Nuisances
42. Penal Institutions
43. Professions and Businesses
44. Property
45. Public Officers and Employees
46. Public Utilities and Public Transportation
47. Retirement and Pensions
48. Revenue and Taxation
49. Social Services
50. State Government
51. Torts
52. Waters of the State, Ports, and Watercraft
53. Wills, Trusts, and Administration of Estates

## Further reading

## InfoBox

Official Code of Georgia Annotated
| Cover of vol. 1 (2007 ed.) | |
| --- | --- |
| Editor | Georgia Code Revision Commission |
| ISBN | 978-0-327-11074-3 |
| OCLC | 8723145 |


title: Peter D. Wigginton

abstract: Peter Dinwiddie Wigginton was an American lawyer and politician who served as a U.S. representative from California during the 1870s.

text:
# Peter D. Wigginton

**Peter Dinwiddie Wigginton** (September 6, 1839 – July 7, 1890) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a U.S. representative from California during the 1870s.

## Biography

Born in Springfield, Illinois, Wigginton moved to Wisconsin with his parents in 1843. He completed preparatory studies and attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1859 and started his practice. He was editor of the Dodgeville (Wisconsin) Advocate. He moved to Snelling, California, in 1862, and continued the practice of law. He served as district attorney of Merced County 1864–1868.

### Congress

Wigginton was elected as a Democrat to the 44th Congress (March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1877). After apparently losing re-election in 1876 to Romualdo Pacheco, Wigginton successfully contested Pacheco's election to the 45th Congress and was seated in his place, serving out the term (February 7, 1878 – March 4, 1879). Wigginton did not seek re-nomination.

He settled in San Francisco in 1880 and resumed the practice of law. In 1886, Wigginton founded the American Party, a nativist third party. He would go on to be nominated by the party as its candidate for Vice President in 1888.

### Death

He died in Oakland, California, July 7, 1890. He was interred in Mountain View Cemetery.

## Electoral history

1874 United States House of Representatives elections
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Peter D. Wigginton** | **15,649** | **48.8** |
|  | Republican | Sherman Otis Houghton (Incumbent) | 11,090 | 34.6 |
|  | Independent | J. S. Thompson | 5,343 | 16.7 |
| Total votes | | | **32,082** | **100.0** |
| Turnout | | |  |  |
|  | Democratic **gain** from Republican | | | | | |

1876 United States House of Representatives elections
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Romualdo Pacheco** | **19,104** | **50.0** |
|  | Democratic | Peter D. Wigginton (Incumbent) | 19,103 | 50.0 |
| Total votes | | | **38,207** | **100.0** |
| Turnout | | |  |  |
|  | Republican **gain** from Democratic | | | | | |

This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

## InfoBox

| Peter D. Wigginton | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from California's 4th district | |
| **In office**
February 7, 1878  March 4, 1879 | |
| Preceded by | Romualdo Pacheco |
| Succeeded by | Romualdo Pacheco |
| **In office**
March 4, 1875  March 3, 1877 | |
| Preceded by | Sherman Otis Houghton |
| Succeeded by | Romualdo Pacheco |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Peter Dinwiddie Wigginton
(1839-09-06)September 6, 1839
Springfield, Illinois |
| Died | July 7, 1890(1890-07-07) (aged 50)
Oakland, California |
| Resting place | Mountain View Cemetery, Oakland |
| Political party | Democratic Party (until 1886), American Party (1886–1890) |
| Profession | lawyer, politician |
|  | |


title: Mägestiku

abstract: Mägestiku is a village in Otepää Parish, Valga County in southeastern Estonia. It has a population of 50.

text:
# Mägestiku

**Mägestiku** is a village in Otepää Parish, Valga County in southeastern Estonia. It has a population of 50 (as of 7 February 2008).

## InfoBox

| Mägestiku | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
|  | |
| MägestikuLocation in Estonia | |
| Coordinates: 58°04′48″N 26°24′49″E / 58.08000°N 26.41361°E / 58.08000; 26.41361 | |
| Country | Estonia |
| County | Valga County |
| Municipality | Otepää Parish |
| Population (07.02.2008) | |
| Total | 45 |


title: Marina Carr

abstract: Marina Carr is an Irish playwright, known for By the Bog of Cats (1998).

text:
# Marina Carr

**Marina Carr** is an Irish playwright, known for *By the Bog of Cats* (1998).

## Early life and education

Carr was born in Dublin, Ireland in 1964, but spent most of her childhood in Pallas Lake, County Offaly, adjacent to the town of Tullamore. Carr's father, Hugh Carr, was a playwright and her mother, Maura Eibhlín Breathnach, was an Irish poet. As a child, Carr and her siblings, John and Deirdre, built a theatre in their shed.

Carr attended University College Dublin, studying English and philosophy. In 2011, she received an honorary Doctorate of Literature from her alma mater.

## Career

Carr has held posts as writer-in-residence at the Abbey Theatre and has lectured at Trinity College Dublin, Princeton University, and Villanova University. She lectured in the English department at Dublin City University in 2016. Carr is a member of Aosdána.

## Awards

*The Mai* won the Dublin Theatre Festival's Best New Irish Play award (1994–1995), and *Portia Coughlan* won the nineteenth Susan Smith Blackburn Prize (1996–1997). Other awards include *The Irish Times* Playwright award 1998, the E. M. Forster Award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters and The American Ireland Fund Award, the Macaulay Fellowship, and The Hennessy Award. Carr was named a recipient of the Windham-Campbell Literature Award in September 2017, administered by the Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library at Yale University. She was the second Irish author to receive the prize, following playwright Abbie Spallen in 2016.

## Works

**Original Plays**

* Ullaloo (1989)
* The Deer's Surrender (1990)
* This Love Thing (1991)
* Low in the Dark (1991)
* The Mai (1994)
* Portia Coughlan (1996)
* By the Bog of Cats (1998)
* Ariel (2000)
* On Raftery's Hill (2000)
* Meat and Salt (2003)
* Woman and Scarecrow (2004)
* The Cordelia Dream (2006)
* The Giant Blue Hand (2007)
* Marble (2007)
* 16 Possible Glimpses (2009)
* Hecuba (2015)
* iGirl (2021)
* Girl on an Altar (2022)
* The Map of Argentina
* Phaedra Backwards
* Audrey or Sorrow (2024)

**Adaptations**

### *By the Bog of Cats*

The original production of *By the Bog of Cats* took place at the Abbey Theatre in Dublin. The play opened on 7 October 1998 and ran until 14 November 1998. The production, totalling 45 performances, was directed by Patrick Mason and designed by Monica Frawley. Other members of the production team included lighting designer Nick Chelton, with sound by Dave Nolan. The lead roles were played by Siobhán Cullen (Josie Kilbride), Olwen Fouéré (Hester Swane), and Conor McDermottroe (Carthage Kilbride). Other characters were played by Joan O’Hara (Catwoman), Fionnuala Murphy (Carline Cassidy), and Tom Hickey (Xavier Cassidy).

Irish writer Frank McGuinness wrote the programme note for the Abbey production of *By the Bog of Cats* in 1998. His description of the play analyses Carr's style of writing, which he likens to Greek writing:

> *By the Bog of Cats...* is a play about sorrow. Therefore it must be funny. A play about death, so a wedding shall be at the centre of it. A play about saying the things that need to be said, so there will be silence at the end of it. A play about hatred, so love is at its heart. A play whose philosophy is that Carthage must be destroyed, but what happens to the destroyers? This is what *By the Bog of Cats...* tells us.
>
> Frank McGuinness, *By the Bog of Cats...* Programme Note, 1998.

### *Woman and Scarecrow*

*Woman and Scarecrow* centres on a dying woman's last stretch of time on earth, reflecting on her life. We are told very little of the setting, but presume she resides in a domestic space, as the stage directions in the first act indicate she is lying in bed 'gaunt and ill'. Apart from the bed, the only furniture indicated is a wardrobe, which has an ominous presence in the play. The mysterious thing that lurks inside the wardrobe signifies death and its imminent approach. For a good part of the play, the only other character present is Scarecrow. It is unclear what Scarecrow represents, perhaps the woman's subconscious. It is significant to note that all of the characters in the play "are referred to by either pronouns or titles - Woman, Him, Scarecrow, Auntie Ah, placing a universal slant on who they are and what they represent." The woman is largely defined in her role as mother and wife throughout the play. She is the mother of eight children, with a ninth having died. As the play progresses, we learn that her husband has been unfaithful. Despite being aware of this, a Woman at times is still dependent on Him, 'I've missed you in bed beside me. On other occasions she redeems herself, asserting her independence by insisting she will not wear her wedding ring to the grave and places value on herself, 'save you were not worthy of my love'. Her independence is consolidated by the fact that she dies when he is absent from the room. The play runs for approximately 2 hours 20 minutes.

*Woman and Scarecrow* was staged for the first time at the Royal Court Jerwood Theatre in London in 2006, directed by Ramin Gray and starring Fiona Shaw and Bríd Brennan as Woman and Scarecrow, respectively. Lizzie Clachan designed the set for this production, alongside lighting designer, Mischa Twitchin, and sound designer, Emma Laxton. Later, it was produced in the Peacock Theatre, where it was directed by Selina Cartmell and starred Olwen Fouéré (Woman) and Barbara Brennan (Scarecrow).

The play opened at the Irish Repertory Theatre in New York in May 2018. Directed by Ciarán O'Reilly, the cast included Stephanie Roth Haberle (the woman), Pamela Gray (Scarecrow), Aidan Redmond (the husband), and Dale Soules (the aunt).

### *The Mai*

The Mai is about a woman in her late 30s, whose husband (and absentee father to their children) returns from having abandoned them, and wants to give their relationship another chance. The play is divided into two acts. The setting for act one is the summer of 1979 (Robert's return from a long time away) and the setting for act two is a year later, as we check in on the state of the precarious relationships established in the first half of the play. Throughout the play, the eponymous The Mai grapples with struggling to keep her marriage alive despite Robert's frequent cheating and conceding to the opinions of her family and leaving him. In the end, she confesses to her daughter Millie, who has served as the narrator of this piece, that she cannot imagine a life without Robert where she would be happy nor a life with him where they could co-exist peaceably together.

The original production of The Mai took place at and was produced by, the Abbey Theatre on 5 October 1994. It was directed by Brian Brady and designed by Kathy Strachan. The lead roles were played by Olwen Fouere (The Mai), Derbhle Crotty (Millie), Joan O'Hara (Grandma Fraochlan) Owen Roe (Robert), Brid Ni Neachtain (Beck), Stella McCusker (Julie), and Maire Hastings (Agnes)

The Mai is thematically in keeping with the main themes of Carr's other work. These characters are all grappling with their roles as mothers and their roles as wives. It is clear that most of them prioritize their husbands over their children and if they didn't, they end up regretting it like Beck, who after pouring herself into her marriage still had to watch it dissolve. Even Grandmother Froachlan, the matriarch of the family says that she would have gladly thrown all of her children into "the slopes of hell" to be reunited with the nine-fingered fisherman. Throughout the play, Carr weaves these characters' relationships in and out of each other to the rhythm of nearby ecology. Millie takes particular interest in the folklore of Owl Lake. In discussing the marital failures alongside the professional triumphs of these women, Carr uses them as vessels to discuss the role of marriage in capitalism and its discriminating patriarchal practices towards unmarried women and single mothers. The Mai is said to have built a sturdy home for her and her children in the years that Robert was gone. This kind of upward mobility is revered by most around her apart from Robert who dismissed her success as having come directly from his generosity. The Mai immediately corrects him reminding him that she was a cellist in the college orchestra and that after he left her to raise their kids alone, she was also teaching full-time. Discourse on marriage and its link to capital is apparent here as the characters talk about how when they lost their husbands, they lost everything, referring to their current socioeconomic status as spinsters.

### *Marble*

*Marble* opened in Dublin in 2009 at The Abbey Theatre. The four characters are husband and wife Ben and Catherine and a second couple Anne and Art. The play runs for approximately 1 hour 40 minutes.

Translated into Spanish as *Mármol* the play opened in Madrid in November 2016 at the Teatro Valle-Inclán, home to the National Drama Centre. It was directed by Antonio C. Guijosa and translated into Spanish by Antonio C. Guijosa and Marta I. Moreno. The cast included José Luis Alcobendas (Ben), Elena González (Catherine), Susana Hernández (Anne) and Pepe Viyuela (Art).

## Publications

* *The Mai*. London: Dufour Editions, 1995.
* *By the Bog of Cats*. The Abbey, Dublin, and Wyndham's Theater, London. 1998
* *Plays One*. London: Faber and Faber, 1999.
* *On Raftery's Hill*. London: Faber and Faber, 2000.
* *Ariel*. Oldcastle, Co. Meath: Gallery Books, 2002.
* *Woman and Scarecrow*. London: Faber and Faber, 2006
* *Marble*. Oldcastle, Co. Meath: Gallery Books, 2009
* *Plays Two*. London: Faber and Faber, 2009
* *16 Possible Glimpses*. The Abbey Theatre, 2011
* *Plays Three*. London: Faber and Faber, 2015
* 1 in 5. Roe Valley Hospital, 2011
* *Girl on an Altar*. London: Faber and Faber, 2022.

## Further reading

* Allen Randolph, Jody, 'Marina Carr' in *Close to the Next Moment: Interviews from a Changing Ireland* (Manchester: Carcanet, 2010).
* McMullan, Anna and Cathy Leeney, eds, *The Theatre of Marina Carr: Before Rules Was Made* (Dublin: Carysfort Press, 2002).
* Trench, Rhona, *Bloody Living: The Loss of Selfhood in the Plays of Marina Carr* (Bern: Peter Lang, 2010).
* Maleney, Ian. "Marina Carr: ‘How wonderful to burn down the whole world’", *The Irish Times*, 22 August 2015.

## InfoBox

| Marina Carr | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1964<br>Dublin, Ireland |
| Alma mater | University College Dublin (graduated in 1987) |
| Occupation | Playwright |
| Years active | 1989–present |
| Notable work | *By the Bog of Cats* |
| Children | 4 |
| Parents | * Hugh Carr * Maura Eibhlín Breathneach |
| Awards | * Hennessy Award (1994) * Susan Smith Blackburn (1997) * Irish Times Playwright (1998) * E. M. Forster Award (2001) * Macaulay Fellowship * Puterbaugh Fellowship (2012) * Windham-Campbell Prize (2017) |


title: Vyacheslav Kim

abstract: Vyacheslav Kim is a Kazakhstani economist, financier, cofounder, shareholder and chairman of the Board of Directors at Kaspi.kz and President of the Kazakhstan National Taekwondo Federation. As of 2024, Kim is the wealthiest person in Kazakhstan.

text:
# Vyacheslav Kim

**Vyacheslav Kim** (born June 12, 1969) is a Kazakhstani economist, financier, cofounder, shareholder and chairman of the Board of Directors at Kaspi.kz and President of the Kazakhstan National Taekwondo Federation.

As of 2024, Kim is the wealthiest person in Kazakhstan.

## Education

In 1996, Kim graduated from the Republican Physics and Mathematics School. He graduated from the Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University with a degree in Financial Economics in 1998 and from the Russian-Kazakh Modern Humanitarian University with a degree in Finance in 2002.

## Early career

1987–1989: Vyacheslav Kim completed his military service in the USSR Armed Forces.

1990: Kim co-founded Konovalov's Ophthalmology Clinic in partnership with his colleague.

1996–2004 – He engaged in retail business and electronic equipment distribution through companies such as ALTAIR JSC, Asia Technics LLP, and ATG LLP.

1993–2005 – Kim was one of the founders and owners of the country’s largest retail chain, Planet of Electronics Network of Stores.

2003–2004 – He served as Chairman of the Supervisory Board of the Kazakhstan Association of Manufacturers and Equipment.

2004–2005 – Kim held the position of President at Asia Technics Group JSC.

2004–2006 – He was an adviser to the Minister of Economy and Budget Planning of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

2005–2006 – Kim was the Managing Director of Economics at Kazakhstan Temir Zholy JSC.

## Kaspi.kz

In 1993, Vyacheslav Kim opened the Planet of Electronics Store, which became the country's largest store in less than a decade, but Kim wanted more: he knew that sales could be increased by giving loans to people. After the USSR collapsed, Kazakhstan was going through difficult times: per capita GDP was contracting from 1990 until 2000. Stores could not give their own loans, so they began to buy banking organizations. In 2002, Vyacheslav Kim made a deal with the newly privatized local Bank Kaspiyskiy. However, it was not so easy to combine trade and lending. The entrepreneur began seeking investment partners who might help him, and learned about the Baring Vostok Fund, which acquired a stake in the company. This led to Mikheil Lomtadze joining the management team in 2007, who together with Vyacheslav Kim transformed Kaspi to the biggest Kazakhstan fintech company.

The value of his stake in Kaspi.kz after successful Kaspi.kz IPO on the London Stock Exchange in October 2020 was estimated by Bloomberg at $1.9 billion.

On February 21, 2020, president of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev held a meeting with Vyacheslav Kim and Chairman of the Kaspi.kz Board Mikhail Lomtadze, at which discussions addressed the digital service development strategy, prospects for e-commerce growth in Kazakhstan and the Company’s plans to support small and medium-sized businesses. The President emphasized the importance of using technological innovations in Kaspi.kz activities. One year later, on February 26, 2021, President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev held a second meeting with the Kaspi.kz founders Vyacheslav Kim and Mikheil Lomtadze during which promising areas of joint activity of the state bodies and Kaspi.kz were identified, including in the development of non-cash payments in Kazakhstan. The next meeting took place on May 31, 2022, at which the president discussed the promising plans of Kaspi.kz fintech company development. In the next meeting held on January 25, 2024 the President congratulated Kaspi.kz cofounders with their successful IPO at NASDAQ. Their discussions covered prospects and opportunities for enhancing the country's economic situation along with strategies for attracting new investors from across the globe to Kazakhstan.

## Other projects

A co-owner of Kolesa Group since 2013.

A co-owner of the Alseco Company since 2015.

2016–2019 – a member of the Board of Directors and Independent Director of Group of Companies Allur JSC.

2017–2019 – a co-owner of the Magnum Retail Chain.

The chairman of the Supervisory Board of the Magnum Retail Chain since 2019.

In 2021-2022 – Independent Director on the Board of Directors of National Welfare Fund "Samruk-Kazyna" JSC".

## Wealth

Since 2002, Vyacheslav Kim has been at the top of the list of the richest people in Kazakhstan being annually published by Forbes Kazakhstan. He moved up from No. 24 position in 2012 to No. 2 position in 2021, with the wealth estimated at $4.2 billion. In 2021, he took the number 5 spot among the most influential businessmen of Kazakhstan and entered the global list of billionaires, rated 925th

## Social activity

### Support for Public and Sports Organizations

2016–2019 – President of the Kazakhstan Kendo and Iaido Federation.

November 11, 2013 – President of the Kazakhstan Taekwondo Federation. During leadership of the Taekwondo Federation by Vyacheslav Kim, the Federation started receiving funding, athletes were provided with everything they needed: uniforms, sports gears and equipment. The coaches’ team added specialists from the countries traditionally showing good results in this sport.

A member of the Board of Trustees of the Fizmat Endowment Fund Public Foundation since April 13, 2017, a member of the board of directors of the republican school of Physics and Mathematics.

In 2018, he became a member of the Board of Trustees of the Almaty Triathlon Federation.

A member of the Board of Trustees of the Kazakhstan National Geographic Society since 2019.

### Charity

2010–2014 – sponsored the Ayala Charitable Foundation in the «Breathe, Baby» Project.

A member of the Board of Trustees of the Mercy Voluntary Society since 2016. In March 2017, Vyacheslav Kim together with Mikheil Lomtadze donated an extensively repaired building with an area of 1,400 square meters to the «We will Win Autism» Project

One of the trustees and partners of the Saby Charitable Foundation in the «Build Your Business» Project since 2013

In 2020, Kaspi.kz founders Vyacheslav Kim and Mikheil Lomtadze actively participated in the fight against the coronavirus pandemicproviding financial support to the health care sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan, allocating 100 million tenge for the purchase of rapid tests and artificial ventilators and donated 100 ambulances to the State to fight the pandemic.

In January 2022, founders of Kaspi.kz Vyacheslav Kim and Mikheil Lomtadze allocated 579 million tenge to support small business entities that had suffered during riots in Almaty. They transferred 10 billion tenge to the Fund "For the People of Kazakhstan" involved in solving the issues associated with healthcare, education, social support, as well as culture and sports.

## Awards

* The Order of Kurmet (December 14, 2007) – for merits in the development of the economy, social sector and active public work.

* The Order of Parasat (December 13, 2016)– for significant contribution to the socio-economic development of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

* «Enbegi Ushin» Badge and the title «A Citizen of Honour» Almaty (September 15, 2019) – for special contribution to development of the city.

* In 2020, for the first time in its history, the editorial board of Forbes Kazakhstan magazine announced two winners of the Businessman of the Year award – Vyacheslav Kim, the founder of Kaspi.kz, and Mikheil Lomtadze, the Chairman of the Management Board of the company.

## InfoBox

| Vyacheslav KimВячеслав Ким | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1969-06-12) June 12, 1969<br>Almaty, Kazakhstan |
| Occupation(s) | economist, financier, patron |
| Spouse | Tatyana Kim |
| Awards |  |


title: Gazell

abstract: Gazell is a jazz record label founded by John Engelbrekt in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1949.

text:
# Gazell

**Gazell** is a jazz record label founded by John Engelbrekt in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1949.

## History

In 1949, John Engelbrekt created the label Gazell in Stockholm, Sweden, to distribute jazz albums. In September 1950, he founded a jazz club in Stockholm called Gazell. In 1957, recordings from the club and by Engelbrekt were sold to the Scandinavian Record Company (Sonet Records) run by Gunnar Bergström and Sven Lindholm, while the rights to the label Gazell were sold to Dag Häggqvist, though other sources say Häggqvist started the label himself in 1950.

Häggqvist sold Gazell to Sonet in 1960 and was run by Sam Charters until Sonet was acquired by PolyGram in 1991. Häggqvist retained the rights to the label again in 1993 when he formed Gazell Music AB.

In 2004, Häggqvist made a deal with Bonnier Music Publishing, a subsidiary of The Bonnier Group. Since then, the companies have been called Bonnier Gazell Music.

## InfoBox

| Bonnier Gazell Music | |
| --- | --- |
| Parent company | The Bonnier Group |
| Founded | 1949 (1949) |
| Founder | John Engelbrekt<br>Dag Häggqvist |
| Distributor(s) | Bonnier Music Publishing |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Country of origin | Sweden |
| Location | Stockholm |
| Official website | www.gazell.net |


title: Gabriel Demian

abstract: Gabriel Demian is a Slovak footballer who plays for Dukla Banská Bystrica as a midfielder.

text:
# Gabriel Demian

**Gabriel Demian** (born 4 December 2004) is a Slovak footballer who plays for Dukla Banská Bystrica as a midfielder.

## Club career

Demian made his Fortuna Liga debut for FC Nitra against MFK Zemplín Michalovce on 22 May 2021. He signed a contract with MFK Dukla Banská Bystrica at the end of January 2023.

## InfoBox

Gabriel Demian
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Gabriel Demian | | |
| Date of birth | (2004-12-04) 4 December 2004 | | |
| Place of birth | Levice, Slovakia | | |
| Height | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Dukla Banská Bystrica | | |
| Number | 14 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 0000–2015 | Levice | | |
| 2015–2021 | FC Nitra | | |
| 2021–2022 | 1. FC Nürnberg | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2021 | FC Nitra | 1 | (0) |
| 2023– | Dukla Banská Bystrica | 2 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 2022– | Slovakia U19 | 2 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 17 March 2023<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 25 August 2022 | | | |


title: Scarpa (company)

abstract: SCARPA is an Italian outdoor footwear company. It was founded in 1938 in Asolo by Rupert and Pietro Parisotto, and Rupert Guinness, 2nd Earl of Iveagh. The company specialises in hiking boots, climbing shoes and mountaineering boots.

text:
# Scarpa (company)

**SCARPA** is an Italian outdoor footwear company. It was founded in 1938 in Asolo by Rupert and Pietro Parisotto, and Rupert Guinness, 2nd Earl of Iveagh. The company specialises in hiking boots, climbing shoes and mountaineering boots.

## InfoBox

Calzaturificio S.C.A.R.P.A. S.p.A.
|
|  |
| Company type | Società per azioni |
| Industry | Sports equipment
Textile |
| Founded | 1938 (1938) |
| Headquarters | Asolo, Italy |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Key people | * Sandro Parisotto (President) * Diego Bolzonello (CEO) |
| Products | Footwear
Sportswear |
| Revenue | 169 million (2022) |
| Website | scarpa.com |


title: Peyla, Minnesota

abstract: Peyla is an unincorporated community in Vermilion Lake Township, Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States.

text:
# Peyla, Minnesota

**Peyla** is an unincorporated community in Vermilion Lake Township, Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States.

## Geography

The community is located four miles west of Tower at the junction of State Highway 169 (MN 169), State Highway 1 (MN 1), and Saint Louis County Road 77 (Angus Road).

## History

A post office called Peyla was established in 1907, and remained in operation until 1924. Peter Peyla, an early postmaster, gave the community its name.

## InfoBox

| Peyla | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| PeylaLocation of the community of Peyla<br>within Vermilion Lake Township, Saint Louis CountyPeylaPeyla (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 47°47′07″N 92°21′48″W / 47.78528°N 92.36333°W / 47.78528; -92.36333 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Minnesota |
| County | Saint Louis |
| Township | Vermilion Lake Township |
| Elevation | 1,467 ft (447 m) |
| Population | |
| Total | 10 |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 55790 |
| Area code | 218 |
| GNIS feature ID | 662166 |


title: Oh Well (band)

abstract: Oh Well was a German dance group active in the late 1980s to early 1990s. Their record producers were Alexander Henninger and Achim Völker. They were relatively successful during their peak in 1989, but broke up soon after, due to a lack of further chart success. The group had two UK chart singles in 1989 and 1990: the eponymous "Oh Well", a dance cover of the 1969 Fleetwood Mac song of the same name, released in late 1989. It peaked at number 28 on the UK Singles Chart for two weeks in October 1989. Their second single, a cover of Golden Earring's "Radar Love", was released in early 1990, and peaked at number 65 on 3 March 1990.

text:
# Oh Well (band)

**Oh Well** was a German dance group active in the late 1980s to early 1990s. Their record producers were Alexander Henninger and Achim Völker. They were relatively successful during their peak in 1989, but broke up soon after, due to a lack of further chart success.

The group had two UK chart singles in 1989 and 1990: the eponymous "Oh Well", a dance cover of the 1969 Fleetwood Mac song of the same name, released in late 1989. It peaked at number 28 on the UK Singles Chart for two weeks in October 1989. Their second single, a cover of Golden Earring's "Radar Love", was released in early 1990, and peaked at number 65 on 3 March 1990.

## Discography

### Albums

* *First Album* (1989)
* *Get Ready* (1991)

### Singles

* "Oh Well" (1989) - UK #28
* "Radar Love" (1990) - UK #65
* "I'll Be Forever Your Man" (1990)
* "Dance to the Music (Twist and Shout)" (featuring Randal Sneed) (1991)
* "Quiet" (1991)


title: Peter Cheal

abstract: Peter Edward Cheal was a prominent surveyor in the settlement of New Zealand during the mid and late 19th century.

text:
# Peter Cheal

**Peter Edward Cheal** (1846  12 January 1931) was a prominent surveyor in the settlement of New Zealand during the mid and late 19th century.

## Biography

### London

Peter Edward Cheal was born and educated in London, where he trained as a mining engineer and surveyor and joined the Middlesex Engineering Volunteers.

### New Zealand

#### Auckland

He emigrated to New Zealand in 1864 aboard the "Eagle Speed", and in 1865 joined the Survey Department in Auckland, assisting the Transport Corps during the Waikato campaign. He was licensed under the Native Land Act in 1865, and gazetted in 1870, spending much of the late 1860s surveying in the Thames goldfield and in Native Land Surveys.

#### Waimate Plains

In 1871 Cheal was appointed to the Waimate Plains in South Taranaki, where he was in charge of six survey parties, which consisted of 100 men each. Here Cheal and his parties came into conflict with Taranaki Māori under the leadership of Te Whiti and Tohu, who had Mr. Cheal and his staff placed in carts and removed from the plains. An Armed Constabulary unit numbering 800 men was sent to restore order, and with their protection the surveyors resumed their work.

#### Faith and family

Cheal was married to Eliza Shalders on 3 January 1876. Together they had four children; Ethel, May, Alfred and Ernest. Eliza was the daughter of leading Baptist minister Richard Barcham Shalders, the founder of the Auckland Baptist Tabernacle and the New Zealand branch of the YMCA. Cheal himself was a devout Christian, and would often hold evangelical services as part of his visitations to various surveying camps.

#### Taranaki

During the mid-late 1870s Cheal was involved with Edwin Stanley Brookes, Jnr. in the surveying of land on the eastern side of the mountain, surveying the town of Inglewood in 1875, and laying out the town of Stratford in 1879, where the nearby Cheal Road takes its name from the surveyor.

In 1881 Cheal took part in the march on Parihaka as a member of the Hāwera Cavalry.

#### Return to Auckland

In the 1880s Cheal returned to Thames where he was appointed in charge of the local Survey Office, and in 1886 he moved to Auckland where he established a private practice as a mining engineer and surveyor. He became a member of the New Zealand Institute of Surveyors in 1890. He was actively engaged in various parts of the Coromandel Peninsula during the mining boom of 1895, and continued his private practice in Auckland until 1919.

#### Death and legacy

Cheal died aged 84 years in Auckland in 1931. His son Alfred W. Cheal, and grandson Laurence H. Cheal, also went on to become surveyors and members of the New Zealand Institute of Surveyors.


title: Mysis relicta

abstract: Mysis relicta is a shrimp-like crustacean in the Mysida order, native to lakes of Northern Europe and to the brackish Baltic Sea.

text:
# Mysis relicta

***Mysis relicta*** is a shrimp-like crustacean in the Mysida order, native to lakes of Northern Europe and to the brackish Baltic Sea.

## Appearance

Mysis is a small, transparent shrimp-like crustacean, of less than 2.5 cm length. It has two pairs of relatively long antennae, associated with rounded antennal plates; large, stalked compound eyes; the thorax covered by a coat-like carapace; a muscular, cylindrical abdomen; and a tail fan featuring a telson with a v-shaped terminal cleft.

Reproducing females bear a prominent brood pouch (marsupium) between their thoracal legs. The pleopods (abdominal legs) of Mysis are reduced, except for a specialized pair of mating legs in males.

## Distribution

The distribution of *Mysis relicta* is restricted to previously glaciated regions in Northern Europe, including northwest Russia, Finland, Denmark, Sweden, southeast Norway, and parts of Germany, Poland, and Lithuania.

Previously *M. relicta* was treated as a circumpolar taxon also present in North America and the Eurasian Arctic. A revision in 2005 divided these circumpolar freshwater *Mysis* populations into four distinct species. Apart from the North European *M. relicta*, these include *Mysis diluviana* in lakes of the United States and Canada, *Mysis segerstralei* in the circumpolar Arctic, and *Mysis salemaai* in some European lakes and the Baltic.

## Habitat

The species is found in relatively deep, cold, and often oligotrophic lakes with sufficient dissolved oxygen, where it stays mainly below the thermocline. M. relicta is a benthopelagic species, which in the nighttime performs vertical migration towards the surface. In the Baltic Sea, *M. relicta* is only found in the most diluted marginal parts of the basin, where it also stays in deeper water. In the open sea it is replaced by *M. salemaai*. Like other crustaceans, their populations can be extirpated by lake acidification.

## Food

*M. relicta* is an opportunistic feeder with both predatorial and filter feeding habits. When zooplankton are abundant, they serve as the primary food source; when scarce, *M. relicta* will feed on phytoplankton, suspended organic detritus or from the surface of benthic organic deposits.

*M. relicta* are also an important source of food for freshwater fish including brook trout, lake trout, burbot, and coregonids. As such, they are a keystone species. A current active area of research is the effect of mysid reintroduction on lake food webs after acidification.

## InfoBox

| *Mysis relicta* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Malacostraca |
| Order: | Mysida |
| Family: | Mysidae |
| Genus: | *Mysis* |
| Species: | ***M. relicta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mysis relicta***<br>Lovén, 1862 | |
|


title: Vadim Calugher

abstract: Vadim Calugher is a Moldovan footballer who plays as a midfielder for FC Bihor Oradea.

text:
# Vadim Calugher

**Vadim Calugher** (born 7 September 1995) is a Moldovan footballer who plays as a midfielder for FC Bihor Oradea.

## Honours

FC Bihor Oradea     1. Only official UEFA matches included

## InfoBox

Vadim Calugher
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1995-09-07) 7 September 1995 | | |
| Place of birth | Chișinău, Moldova | | |
| Height | 1.77 m (5 ft 10 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | FC Bihor | | |
| Number | 14 | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2011–2015 | Milsami Orhei | 45 | (1) |
| 2015–2016 | Zimbru Chișinău | 10 | (0) |
| 2016 | Speranța Nisporeni | 1 | (0) |
| 2016–2017 | Petrocub-Hîncești | 33 | (2) |
| 2018 | Sfântul Gheorghe | 10 | (2) |
| 2019 | Poli Timișoara | 11 | (0) |
| 2019 | Zimbru Chișinău | 10 | (1) |
| 2020 | Speranța Nisporeni | 16 | (0) |
| 2021–2023 | SCM Zalău | 51 | (5) |
| 2023– | FC Bihor | 21 | (3) |
| International career | | | |
| 2012–2013 | Moldova U19 | 6 | (0) |
| 2015 | Moldova U21 | 3 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 08:27, 22 June 2024 (UTC)<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 16 November 2015 | | | |


title: May–Lecta–Sweet Historic District

abstract: The May–Lecta–Sweet Historic District encompasses a predominantly residential area of Fort Smith, Arkansas that was developed between 1890 and 1950. It is located in a large residential area east of Fort Smith's downtown, and extends along May and Lecta Streets between Rogers and Kinkead Avenue, and a short stretch of Sweet Avenue between Barry and Rogers. The streets are tree-lined, and the area was considered suburban when it was platted and development began in the 1890s. The houses of the district are mainly Colonial Revival and Craftsman in their style reflective of the principal period of development, between about 1900 and the early 1930s. The area was served by streetcars until the 1930s. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.

text:
# May–Lecta–Sweet Historic District

The **May–Lecta–Sweet Historic District** encompasses a predominantly residential area of Fort Smith, Arkansas that was developed between 1890 and 1950. It is located in a large residential area east of Fort Smith's downtown, and extends along May and Lecta Streets between Rogers and Kinkead Avenue (not including properties on either of the end streets except for the Central Presbyterian Church), and a short stretch of Sweet Avenue between Barry and Rogers. The streets are tree-lined, and the area was considered suburban when it was platted and development began in the 1890s. The houses of the district are mainly Colonial Revival and Craftsman in their style reflective of the principal period of development, between about 1900 and the early 1930s. The area was served by streetcars (running down May Avenue) until the 1930s.

The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| May–Lecta–Sweet Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Roughly bounded by May Ave, Rogers Ave, Sweet Ave, and Kinkead Ave, Fort Smith, Arkansas |
| Coordinates | 35°22′43″N 94°24′03″W / 35.37871°N 94.40097°W / 35.37871; -94.40097 |
| Area | 55 acres (22 ha) |
| Architectural style | Late 19th And 20th Century Revivals, Bungalow/craftsman |
| NRHP reference No. | 08000597 |
| Added to NRHP | July 2, 2008 |