title: Goff Richards

abstract: Goff Richards, sometimes credited as Godfrey Richards, was a prominent Cornish brass band arranger and composer. He was born in Cornwall, studying at the Royal College of Music and Reading University. Between 1976 and 1989, he lectured in arranging and at Salford College of Technology. He was the musical director of the Chetham's Big Band for many years. In 1976, he was made a Bard of the Cornish Gorsedd. He received a Doctorate from Salford University in 1990, after a career that had seen him lead the University Jazz Orchestra to the BBC Big Band of the Year title in 1989. He was well known for his original brass compositions such as "Trailblaze", "Doyen", "Exploding Brass!" and the marches "The Jaguar" and "Barnard Castle", and won a European Broadcasting Union Award in 1984 for his "Continental Caprice". He was also a prolific arranger for brass bands, and his works included "Hymns of Praise", "Shepherd's Song", "Over the Rainbow", "Mack the Knife", "New York, New York", "Chanson d'Amour", "I'll Walk with God", and "That's a Plenty". He also arranged and composed light orchestral and choral works, and his works have been performed by the King's Singers, Huddersfield Choral Society, London Brass, Evelyn Glennie and various BBC orchestras. He is also credited to have written the solo piece Demelza under the pen name Hugh Nash, originally for E flat tenor horn then later for the soprano cornet. He died on 25 June 2011 in Cheshire, following an illness, at the age of 66.

text:
# Goff Richards

**Goff Richards** (18 August 1944 – 25 June 2011), sometimes credited as **Godfrey Richards**, was a prominent Cornish brass band arranger and composer. He was born in Cornwall, studying at the Royal College of Music and Reading University. Between 1976 and 1989, he lectured in arranging and at Salford College of Technology. He was the musical director of the Chetham's Big Band for many years. In 1976, he was made a Bard of the Cornish Gorsedd. He received a Doctorate from Salford University in 1990, after a career that had seen him lead the University Jazz Orchestra to the BBC Big Band of the Year title in 1989.

He was well known for his original brass compositions such as "Trailblaze", "Doyen", "Exploding Brass!" and the marches "The Jaguar" and "Barnard Castle", and won a European Broadcasting Union Award in 1984 for his "Continental Caprice". He was also a prolific arranger for brass bands, and his works included "Hymns of Praise", "Shepherd's Song", "Over the Rainbow", "Mack the Knife", "New York, New York", "Chanson d'Amour", "I'll Walk with God", and "That's a Plenty". He also arranged and composed light orchestral and choral works, and his works have been performed by the King's Singers, Huddersfield Choral Society, London Brass, Evelyn Glennie and various BBC orchestras.

He is also credited to have written the solo piece Demelza (also known as The Maid of the Mist) under the pen name Hugh Nash, originally for E flat tenor horn then later for the soprano cornet.

He died on 25 June 2011 in Cheshire, following an illness, at the age of 66.


title: One for Sorrow (song)

abstract: "One for Sorrow" is a song by British pop-dance group Steps, released as the third single from their debut album, Step One (1998). It also became the quintet's first single to reach the top five on the UK Singles Chart. Debuting at number two and spending 11 weeks on the UK chart, the song established Steps's intention to revive the ABBA sound, striking a considerable resemblance to their 1980 hit "The Winner Takes It All". A remixed version became their debut US single in 1999 and was featured on the Drive Me Crazy film soundtrack. It peaked at number 38 on the US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart in October 1999.

text:
# One for Sorrow (song)

"**One for Sorrow**" is a song by British pop-dance group Steps, released as the third single from their debut album, *Step One* (1998). It also became the quintet's first single to reach the top five on the UK Singles Chart. Debuting at number two and spending 11 weeks on the UK chart, the song established Steps's intention to revive the ABBA sound, striking a considerable resemblance to their 1980 hit "The Winner Takes It All". A remixed version became their debut US single in 1999 and was featured on the *Drive Me Crazy* film soundtrack. It peaked at number 38 on the US *Billboard* Hot Dance Club Play chart in October 1999.

## Release

Unlike Steps' previous single "Last Thing on My Mind", which featured solo vocals by all three women, Claire Richards performs lead vocals on all of the verses, harmonising with Faye Tozer, before the entire group join in for the chorus.

On 29 July 2015, Richards premiered a new solo acoustic version of the track at an event celebrating Pete Waterman's career at the Royal Festival Hall. This was her first solo single, and was released the following day via her official SoundCloud.

## Chart performance

"One for Sorrow" reached number two in the United Kingdom on 30 August 1998, during its first week on the UK Singles Chart, and spent 11 weeks on the listing. The song reached number one in the Flanders region of Belgium and entered the top 10 in Ireland as well as on the Eurochart Hot 100. Outside Europe, "One for Sorrow" peaked at number 13 in New Zealand, number 26 on the Canadian *RPM* Dance 30 chart, and number 34 in Australia. In the US, the song peaked at number 38 on the *Billboard* Dance Club Songs chart in October 1999.

## Critical reception

AllMusic editor Jon O'Brien described the song as "melancholic dance-pop". Lucas Villa from AXS noted that Richards "took the song's tragic wordplay to church in a powerhouse performance." He added that it "stands as one of Steps' finest pop moments." Larry Flick from *Billboard* wrote, "U.K. youth quintet Steps is all about conjuring up the timeless ABBA in its debut U.S. single, a joyous romp that will propel hands into the air and, with the proper push from Jive, send this song into the upper reaches of the pop charts—where it's already been across much of Europe. This U.S. mix is the tastiest kind of bubble gum, with a happy-go-lucky dance beat from production maestro Tony Moran; a solid, zippy vocal; and a sing-along chorus that sticks with maddening proficiency." A reviewer from *Birmingham Evening Mail* commented, "The nearest thing you'll get to an ABBA tribute song in the top ten. This sounds just like the Swedes around the time their complex inter-band relationships were hitting a rocky patch."

Can't Stop the Pop described "One for Sorrow" as a "brilliant moment in '90s pop music", adding that "this is pop music with a heart". They complimented Richard's vocals, stating that the track is "the perfect showcase for the power and range of her vocals." Scottish newspaper *Daily Record* stated, "It sounds like ABBA, but Steps prove they are the real thing with their biggest hit yet". Gary James from Entertainment Focus noted that "starting with the rain effect and gentle tickle of the piano, Claire’s voice tells the tale of wanting love but getting uncertainity \[sic\] as it builds to a big power chorus." *Sunday Mirror* commented, "Pop's next big things crank up the ABBA again minus the beards thankfully."*The Guardian* in August 2018 issue stated that “Steps put the fun in late-90s dysfunctional pop and their third single is glorious, its legacy has endured and cemented their pop phenomena status.”

## Music video

There were made two different music videos for the song; one for the European market and one for the US market. The first one was filmed in Italy. In the beginning, Claire performs alone inside a villa, standing by a window. Later the group performs in front of a field of sunflowers.

## Track listings

## Credits and personnel

## Charts

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Gold | 423,000 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United Kingdom | 24 August 1998 | * CD * cassette |  |  |
| United States | 3 August 1999 | |  |  |

## InfoBox

| "One for Sorrow" | |
| --- | --- |
| CD2 cover | |
| Single by Steps | |
| from the album  *Step One* | |
| B-side | "Too Weak to Resist" |
| Released | 24 August 1998 (1998-08-24) |
| Recorded | 1998 |
| Studio | PWL (Manchester, England) |
| Genre | Pop |
| Length | 4:20 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) |  |
| Steps singles chronology | |
| "Last Thing on My Mind"
(1998) "**One for Sorrow**"
(1998) "Heartbeat" / "Tragedy"
(1998) | |
|  | |
| Music videos | |
| "One for Sorrow" on YouTube | |
| "One for Sorrow" (Tony Moran's Remix) on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Pterolepis (plant)

abstract: Pterolepis is a genus of flowering plant in the family Melastomataceae. Within Melastomataceae, it forms a clade with genus Pterogastra. Pterolepis contains some fifteen species, all of which are found in the Neotropical geographic realmm. Most species are concentrated in Brazil, with a few others across Central and South America.

text:
# Pterolepis (plant)

***Pterolepis*** is a genus of flowering plant in the family Melastomataceae. Within Melastomataceae, it forms a clade with genus *Pterogastra*. *Pterolepis* contains some fifteen species, all of which are found in the Neotropical geographic realmm. Most species are concentrated in Brazil, with a few others across Central and South America.

## Species

Species, accepted as of April 2021, are:

## InfoBox

| *Pterolepis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Pterolepis glomerata* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Melastomataceae |
| Genus: | *Pterolepis*<br>(DC.) Miq. |
|
| Species | |
| *Pterolepis glomerata* | |


title: J. J.'s Broadway

abstract: J. J.'s Broadway is an album by jazz trombonist and arranger J. J. Johnson recorded in 1963 for the Verve label.

text:
# J. J.'s Broadway

***J. J.'s Broadway*** is an album by jazz trombonist and arranger J. J. Johnson recorded in 1963 for the Verve label.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |
| *The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings* |  |

The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow observed "This album has some good music, but it will be very difficult to find".

## Track listing

1. "Lovely" (Stephen Sondheim) - 3:56
2. "My Favorite Things" (Richard Rodgers, Oscar Hammerstein II) - 4:17
3. "Mira" (Bob Merrill) - 3:23
4. "Make Someone Happy" (Jule Styne, Betty Comden, Adolph Green) - 3:51
5. "Who Will Buy?" (Lionel Bart) - 3:54
6. "A Sleepin' Bee" (Harold Arlen, Truman Capote) - 3:54
7. "Put on a Happy Face" (Lee Adams, Charles Strouse) - 4:06
8. "Nobody's Heart" (Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart) - 3:39
9. "A Second Chance" (André Previn) - 2:55
10. "The Sweetest Sounds" (Rodgers) - 3:28

* Recorded in New York City on March 12, 1963 (tracks 1, 3, 5, 6, 8 & 10) and April 6, 1963 (tracks 2, 4, 7 & 9)

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| J. J.'s Broadway | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by J. J. Johnson | |
| Released | 1963 |
| Recorded | March 12 and April 6, 1963
New York City |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 37:23 |
| Label | Verve
V/V6 8530 |
| Producer | Jim Davis |
| J. J. Johnson chronology | |
| *André Previn and J. J. Johnson*
(1962) ***J. J.'s Broadway***
(1963) *Proof Positive*
(1964) | |


title: Phaeomolis curvenal

abstract: Phaeomolis curvenal is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by William Schaus in 1933. It is found in Colombia.

text:
# Phaeomolis curvenal

***Phaeomolis curvenal*** is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by William Schaus in 1933. It is found in Colombia.

## InfoBox

| *Phaeomolis curvenal* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Phaeomolis* |
| Species: | ***P. curvenal*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phaeomolis curvenal***<br>Schaus, 1933 | |
|


title: Moon Over Las Vegas

abstract: Moon Over Las Vegas is a 1944 American musical comedy film directed by Jean Yarbrough and starring Anne Gwynne, David Bruce and Barbara Jo Allen.

text:
# Moon Over Las Vegas

***Moon Over Las Vegas*** is a 1944 American musical comedy film directed by Jean Yarbrough and starring Anne Gwynne, David Bruce and Barbara Jo Allen.

## Plot

Beautiful wife Marion Corbett (Anne Gwynne) heads for Las Vegas hoping to make her husband Richard (David Bruce) jealous. But problems arise when another man catches her fancy, and she gets involved.

## Cast

## Bibliography

* John Russell Taylor & Arthur Jackson. *The Hollywood Musical*. McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1971.

## InfoBox

| Moon Over Las Vegas | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Jean Yarbrough |
| Written by | Clyde Bruckman
George Jeske |
| Produced by | Jean Yarbrough |
| Starring | Anne Gwynne
David Bruce
Barbara Jo Allen |
| Cinematography | Jerome Ash |
| Edited by | Milton Carruth |
| Production
company | Universal Pictures |
| Distributed by | Universal Pictures |
| Release date | * April 1, 1944 (1944-04-01) |
| Running time | 65 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Rainco

abstract: Rainco is a privately held company in Sri Lanka which manufactures umbrellas, mosquito nets and rainwear. Starting as a home-based operation in 1977, as of 2015 the company counts four production factories across the island, a workforce of over 1200 and a dealer network of over 7000. As the first company to obtain ISO 9001-2000 certification and SLS certifications for the manufacture of umbrellas in Sri Lanka, Rainco is also the only producer of ISO 9001-2000 system certified mosquito nets in South Asia. Rainco products are currently exported to Maldives, India, Mauritius, Singapore and Seychelles. The company is also the official representative of several global brands in Sri Lanka including Cartoon Network.

text:
# Rainco

**Rainco** is a privately held company in Sri Lanka which manufactures umbrellas, mosquito nets and rainwear. Starting as a home-based operation in 1977, as of 2015 the company counts four production factories across the island, a workforce of over 1200 and a dealer network of over 7000. As the first company to obtain ISO 9001-2000 certification and SLS certifications for the manufacture of umbrellas in Sri Lanka, Rainco is also the only producer of ISO 9001-2000 system certified mosquito nets in South Asia. Rainco products are currently exported to Maldives, India, Mauritius, Singapore and Seychelles. The company is also the official representative of several global brands in Sri Lanka including Cartoon Network.

## History

Rainco began when entrepreneur S. L. M. Fausz hired 5 employees in 1977 and started making umbrellas through a process of trial and error out of a small house in Kadugannawa, Kandy. Following an arbitrary separation with the partners, the company relaunched as Sri Lanka Umbrella Industries in 1990 and resumed the manufacture of umbrellas under the brand name Globe. In 2000, the company took the Rainco name and by 2003 became the first to obtain ISO 9001-2000 certification for umbrellas in Sri Lanka.

## Products

### Umbrellas

Rainco produces 29 varieties of umbrellas, including compact/straight umbrellas for ladies, gents and children as well as garden and beach umbrellas in a variety of colours, designs and fabrics. The company also undertakes the manufacturing of custom-designed, “branded” umbrellas.

### Mosquito Nets

Rainco produces the only ISO 9001-2000 system certified mosquito net in South Asia. The company is also the sole Sri Lankan distributor of PermaNet pre-treated mosquito nets and curtains produced by Swedish firm, Vestergaard Frandsen.

### Rainwear

Rainco also manufactures raincoats and other rainwear garments in a variety of colours and designs.

### Socks

Cottonmax brand of socks for adults and kids

### Shoe polish

Silver brand of shoe polish and other shore care products including shoe deodorant and renovators

### Baby gear

Baby mosquito nets Cot sheets Baby feeding and nursing products

## Factories

The company operates four production factories in Kadugannawa and Mawanella which provide employment to over 700 workers and output over half a million umbrellas and over 50,000 mosquito nets monthly.

Rainco rewards winners of Tharageta Kuda halamuda island wide promotion - Daily Mirror - Tue, 04 Jun 2019

Rainco mosquito-proof nets endeavour to protect every household -Daily FT 26 April 2019

Rainco teams up with Education Ministry -Sunday Observer June 2019

Rainco Thegi Dela Mosquito Net Promotion - lankabusinessnews - 13, March 2019

## InfoBox

Rainco
|
|  |
| Trade name | Rainco Pvt Ltd |
| Company type | Private |
| Founded | 1977 (1977) in
Kandy, Sri Lanka |
| Founder | S. L. M. Fausz |
| Headquarters | Colombo, Sri Lanka |
| Areas served | Sri Lanka
Maldives
India
Mauritius
Seychelles |
| Key people | Fazal Fausz (Chairman) |
| Products | Umbrellas
Mosquito Nets
Rainwear |
| Brands | Rainco |
| Owner | Avarna Ventures |
| Parent | Avarna Ventures |
| Website | www.rainco.lk |


title: Radwaniyah Palace

abstract: Radwaniyah Palace is a palace in Baghdad, Iraq, which is the official residence of the President of Iraq and also functioned as a presidential resort for the late Iraqi president Saddam Hussein until it was taken over by Coalition forces during the 2003 US-led invasion of Iraq. The complex spans 18 square kilometres. Inside, it was decorated with marble, luxury furniture and monuments dedicated to Saddam. Located 20 kilometers from central Baghdad, near the Baghdad International Airport in the west of the city, Radwaniyah Palace was the main presidential site for Saddam and was a typical Presidential site. It is bordered on the north by Qasr Tall Mihl and Al Urdun (Jordan) Street; on the south by sparse, outlying neighborhoods and on the east by suburbs Al 'Amiriyah and Hayy al-Furat. High walls surround the former resort; watchtowers contribute to more readily maintaining surveillance and security for the site. It also included a detention facility which according to Human Rights Watch was able to accommodate up to five-thousand inmates. In addition to having two man-made hills and several man-made lakes, it house two presidential palaces. The northern one usually goes by the more familiar name, Al Faw Palace. The southern one is known as the Victory over Iran Palace. Coalition installations Camp Liberty, Camp Victory and Camp Slayer used to occupy Al Radwaniyah's grounds.

text:
# Radwaniyah Palace

33°13′7″N 44°13′1″E / 33.21861°N 44.21694°E / 33.21861; 44.21694 **Radwaniyah Palace** (also known as *Al Radwaniyah Presidential Complex*) is a palace in Baghdad, Iraq, which is the official residence of the President of Iraq and also functioned as a presidential resort for the late Iraqi president Saddam Hussein until it was taken over by Coalition forces during the 2003 US-led invasion of Iraq. The complex spans 18 square kilometres.

Inside, it was decorated with marble, luxury furniture and monuments dedicated to Saddam. Located 20 kilometers from central Baghdad, near the Baghdad International Airport in the west of the city, Radwaniyah Palace was the main presidential site for Saddam and was a typical Presidential site. It is bordered on the north by Qasr Tall Mihl and Al Urdun (Jordan) Street; on the south by sparse, outlying neighborhoods and on the east by suburbs Al 'Amiriyah and Hayy al-Furat. High walls surround the former resort; watchtowers contribute to more readily maintaining surveillance and security for the site. It also included a detention facility which according to Human Rights Watch was able to accommodate up to five-thousand inmates.

In addition to having two man-made hills and several man-made lakes, it house two presidential palaces. The northern one usually goes by the more familiar name, Al Faw Palace. The southern one is known as the Victory over Iran Palace.

Coalition installations Camp Liberty, Camp Victory and Camp Slayer used to occupy Al Radwaniyah's grounds.

1. LIBRARY, GEOEYE/SCIENCE PHOTO. "Radwaniyah Palace complex, Iraq - Stock Image - E780/1065". *Science Photo Library*. Retrieved 2024-05-10.
2. "Radwaniyah Presidential Site - Iraq Leadership Facilities". *Global Security*. Retrieved 2022-08-28.


title: Walter de Saleron

abstract: Walter de Saleron, sixth Archbishop of Tuam, 1257–1258. Formerly Archdeacon of Norfolk and Dean of St Paul's, London (1254-1257), de Saleron was consecrated by the Pope 6 September 1257. His appointment was controversial because the Chapter of Tuam had already unanimously elected James Ó Lachtáin, who received the king's confirmation later, on 16 October 1257, but because of de Saleron's appointment, was never able to take possession. De Saleron received possession of the temporalities on 6 November 1257 but had died before 22 April 1258. The History of the Popes says of him: He never personally visited his see, having been cut off by death at London, on his way home from Rome.

text:
# Walter de Saleron

**Walter de Saleron** (a.k.a. *Walter of London*), sixth Archbishop of Tuam, 1257–1258.

Formerly Archdeacon of Norfolk (1239 to c.1254) and Dean of St Paul's, London (1254-1257), de Saleron was consecrated by the Pope 6 September 1257. His appointment was controversial because the Chapter of Tuam had already unanimously elected James Ó Lachtáin, who received the king's confirmation later, on 16 October 1257, but because of de Saleron's appointment, was never able to take possession. De Saleron received possession of the temporalities on 6 November 1257 but had died before 22 April 1258.

*The History of the Popes* says of him:

> *He never personally visited his see, having been cut off by death at London, on his way home from Rome.*


title: Nicky Li

abstract: Li Jiaqi, also known as Nicky Li, is a Chinese actress and model. She is known for her roles in Wait, My Youth, My Girl and Meteor Garden 2018.

text:
# Nicky Li

**Li Jiaqi** (Chinese: 厉嘉琪, born 28 August 1997), also known as **Nicky Li**, is a Chinese actress and model. She is known for her roles in *Wait, My Youth*, *My Girl* and *Meteor Garden 2018*.

## Early life

Li Jiaqi was born in Hangzhou, China on August 28, 1997. She graduated Shanghai Institute of Visual Art in June 2019. Her English name is NICKY according to her agency, Feibao Media's data, although it is rarely used, fans would mention her as Nicky Li to differentiate her from other artists with the same name.

## Acting career

### 2017–present: Beginnings

Nicky is a newcomer actress in the Chinese drama and movie industry and has just started her career in acting. She did freelance modelling and acting since 2016. In mid-2017, she had a supporting role in *I Cannot Hug You*  as a freelance actress. On November 9, 2017, she signed with a talent agency, Feibao Media, and officially started her career as an actress. Her debut drama is the 2018 version of Meteor Garden and she played the role of Jiang Xiao You, the female lead's best friend.

Nicky has had a rough road after her official acting debut in Meteor Garden. She did immediately got a leading role in a youth romance drama Wait, My Youth which was released on Netflix, October 27, 2019. However, she revealed in an essay written by herself that she actually failed numerous auditions for one whole year since then. She mentioned that it was a hard time for her and if she did not persist and commit to the profession she has chosen, she might have given up and quit like many of her peers in the industry.

After one year without acting job, she eventually got herself several roles and continuously filming three projects back to back in July 2019 to March 2020. In mid July 2019, she filmed a movie 会飞的蚂蚁 as a supporting role. At the end of July to October 2019, she filmed a romantic comedy drama “My Girl” as the female lead with dissociative identity disorder. This drama has been released in June 2020 and the reception is quite positive with more than 10,000 people rated the drama on Douban, as well as getting positive comments from a film critic, Tan Fei. The scriptwriter, Nan Zhen, has also won an award in 2020.

In mid-November 2019, she started filming *Ni Chang* which is a big budget costume drama consists of 45 episodes and a sister drama to I Will Never Let You Go a drama starring Ariel Lin. This drama is planned to be released by the end of 2020 and a possible TV broadcast.

## Personal life

Nicky formed a tight friendship with Hu Yixuan (胡意旋), another newcomer actress, since they met on the set of *I Cannot Hug You* in mid-2017. She mentioned in a variety show that that time they have spent time together everyday for about two months, then they continued to keep in touch afterwards and become best friends. Nicky and Hu Yixuan has released vlogs in which they went for trips to Japan and Macau together. They often posted pictures of them hanging out together until now.

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | English title | Chinese title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2021 | *All Living Beings* | 会飞的蚂蚁 | Wang Yi Jiao | Supporting |
| | *See You Yesterday VR* | 时光投影里的秘密 | Chen Jia Xi | Lead |

### Television series

| Year | English title | Chinese title | Role | Network | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2017 | *I Cannot Hug You 2* | 无法拥抱的你第二季 | Cheng Mei You | Sohu TV | Supporting |
| 2018 | *Meteor Garden* | 流星花园 | Jiang Xiao You | Hunan TV | Supporting |
| 2019 | *Wait, My Youth* | 等等啊我的青春 | Su Can Can | Youku | Lead |
| 2020 | *My Girl* | 99分女朋友 | Meng Hui | | Lead |
| 2021 | *Ni Chang* | 小女霓裳 | Xie Xiao Ni / Ni Chang | | Lead |
| | *Litter to Glitter* | 燃烧吧废柴 | Fang Tian Zi | | Lead |
| 2022 | A Romance of the Little Forest | 两个人的小森林 | Li Tian Tian | | Supporting |
| | *Xiao Cai Mi* | 小财迷 | Ling Se | TBD | Lead |
||

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Nominated work | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | Rayli Star Annual Ceremony and Croxx Oriental Aesthetics Night | The Most Potential Artist of the Year |  | Won |  |
| 2022 | Golden Bud – The Sixth Network Film And Television Festival | Newcomer Award | *Ni Chang* | Won |  |

## InfoBox

| Nicky Li | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1997-08-28) 28 August 1997<br>Hangzhou, China |
| Nationality | Chinese |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 2017–present |
| Agent | Feibao Media |
|  | |
|  | |
| Chinese name | |
| Simplified Chinese | 厉嘉琪 |
| Traditional Chinese | 厲嘉琪 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Lì Jiā Qí | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase

abstract:
In enzymology, a queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
  - [tRNA]-guanine + queuine ⇌ [tRNA]-queuine + guanine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are tRNA-guanine and queuine, whereas its two products are [tRNA]-queuine and guanine. This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the pentosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is [tRNA]-guanine:queuine tRNA-D-ribosyltransferase. Other names in common use include tRNA-guanine transglycosylase, guanine insertion enzyme, tRNA transglycosylase, Q-insertase, queuine transfer ribonucleate ribosyltransferase, transfer ribonucleate glycosyltransferase, tRNA guanine transglycosidase, guanine, queuine-tRNA transglycosylase, and tRNA-guanine:queuine tRNA-D-ribosyltransferase.

text:
# Queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase

In enzymology, a **queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase** (EC 2.4.2.29) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

\[tRNA\]-guanine + queuine $\rightleftharpoons $ \[tRNA\]-queuine + guanine

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are tRNA-guanine and queuine, whereas its two products are \[tRNA\]-queuine and guanine.

This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the pentosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is **\[tRNA\]-guanine:queuine tRNA-D-ribosyltransferase**. Other names in common use include **tRNA-guanine transglycosylase**, **guanine insertion enzyme**, **tRNA transglycosylase**, **Q-insertase**, **queuine transfer ribonucleate ribosyltransferase**, **transfer ribonucleate glycosyltransferase**, **tRNA guanine transglycosidase**, **guanine, queuine-tRNA transglycosylase**, and **tRNA-guanine:queuine tRNA-D-ribosyltransferase**.

## Structural studies

As of late 2007, 36 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1EFZ, 1ENU, 1F3E, 1IQ8, 1IT7, 1IT8, 1J2B, 1K4G, 1K4H, 1N2V, 1OZM, 1OZQ, 1P0B, 1P0D, 1P0E, 1PUD, 1PXG, 1Q2R, 1Q2S, 1Q4W, 1Q63, 1Q65, 1Q66, 1R5Y, 1S38, 1S39, 1WKD, 1WKE, 1WKF, 1Y5V, 1Y5W, 1Y5X, 2ASH, 2BBF, 2QII, and 2QZR.

* Howes NK, Farkas WR (1978). "Studies with a homogeneous enzyme from rabbit erythrocytes catalyzing the insertion of guanine into tRNA". *J. Biol. Chem*. **253** (24): 9082–7. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)34288-6. PMID 721832.
* Nishimura S; Noguchi, S; Kasai, H; Shindo-Okada, N; Ohgi, T; Goto, T; Nishimura, S (1979). "Novel mechanism of post-transcriptional modification of tRNA Insertion of bases of Q precursors into tRNA by a specific tRNA transglycosylase reaction". *J. Biol. Chem*. **254** (8): 3067–73. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)30183-7. PMID 372186.
* Shindo-Okada N, Okada N, Ohgi T, Goto T, Nishimura S (1980). "Transfer ribonucleic acid guanine transglycosylase isolated from rat liver". *Biochemistry*. **19** (2): 395–400. doi:10.1021/bi00543a023. PMID 6986171.

## InfoBox

| queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| EC no. | 2.4.2.29 |
| CAS no. | 72162-89-1 |
| Databases | |
| IntEnz | IntEnz view |
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry |
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view |
| KEGG | KEGG entry |
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway |
| PRIAM | profile |
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum |
| Gene Ontology | AmiGO / QuickGO |
| Search  PMC articles  PubMed articles  NCBI proteins | |


title: OpenBSM

abstract: OpenBSM is an open source implementation of Sun's Basic Security Module (BSM) Audit API and file format. BSM, which is a system used for auditing, describes a set of system call and library interfaces for managing audit records as well as a token stream file format that permits extensible and generalized audit trail processing. OpenBSM includes system include files appropriate for inclusion in an operating system implementation of Audit, libbsm, an implementation of the BSM library interfaces for generating, parsing, and managing audit records, auditreduce and praudit, audit reduction and printing tools, API documentation, and sample /etc configuration files. Works in progress include extensions to the libbsm API to support easier audit trail analysis, including a pattern matching library. OpenBSM is derived from the BSM audit implementation found in Apple's open source Darwin operating system, which upon request, Apple relicensed under a BSD licence to allow for integration into FreeBSD and other systems. The Darwin BSM implementation was created by McAfee Research under contract to Apple, and has since been extensively extended by the volunteer TrustedBSD team. OpenBSM is included in FreeBSD as of version 6.2 and later, and has been announced as a Mac OS X Snow Leopard feature.

text:
# OpenBSM

**OpenBSM** is an open source implementation of Sun's Basic Security Module (BSM) Audit API and file format. BSM, which is a system used for auditing, describes a set of system call and library interfaces for managing audit records as well as a token stream file format that permits extensible and generalized audit trail processing.

OpenBSM includes system include files appropriate for inclusion in an operating system implementation of Audit, libbsm, an implementation of the BSM library interfaces for generating, parsing, and managing audit records, auditreduce and praudit, audit reduction and printing tools, API documentation, and sample /etc configuration files. Works in progress include extensions to the libbsm API to support easier audit trail analysis, including a pattern matching library.

OpenBSM is derived from the BSM audit implementation found in Apple's open source Darwin operating system, which upon request, Apple relicensed under a BSD licence to allow for integration into FreeBSD and other systems. The Darwin BSM implementation was created by McAfee Research under contract to Apple, and has since been extensively extended by the volunteer TrustedBSD team. OpenBSM is included in FreeBSD as of version 6.2 and later, and has been announced as a Mac OS X Snow Leopard feature.

## InfoBox

OpenBSM
| Developer(s) | Apple Inc., FreeBSD |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Stable release | 1.1p2 / 2009-08-02 |
|  | |
| Operating system | Darwin, FreeBSD |
| Available in |  |
| Type | Computer security |
| License | BSD license |
| Website | www.openbsm.org |


title: Purgatory Conglomerate

abstract: Dating to the Carboniferous period, the Purgatory Conglomerate is a geologic formation in Rhode Island.

text:
# Purgatory Conglomerate

Dating to the Carboniferous period, the **Purgatory Conglomerate** is a geologic formation in Rhode Island.

## Purgatory Chasm

Purgatory Chasm, at the intersection of Tuckerman Avenue and Purgatory Road in Middletown (often mis-identified as being in Newport), is a narrow cleft on the east side of Easton Point which splits the Purgatory Conglomerate in a dramatic fashion. The chasm is 120 feet long, 10 feet wide at the top, and over 150 feet deep.

## InfoBox

| Purgatory Conglomerate | |
| --- | --- |
| Stratigraphic range: Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) | |
| Type | Formation |
| Unit of | Narragansett Bay Group<br>Informal: Rhode Island Group (RI) |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | "near metamorphic" conglomerate |
| Location | |
| Region | New England (Rhode Island) |
| Country | United States |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Purgatory, Middletown, Newport, RI |


title: J. Irving Whalley

abstract: John Irving Whalley was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

text:
# J. Irving Whalley

**John Irving Whalley** (September 14, 1902  March 8, 1980) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

## Early life and business activities

J. Irving Whalley was born in Barnesboro, Pennsylvania to Isabella (née Ashurst) and James H. Whalley, both English immigrants. He took his first job at age 10 in a Windber, Pennsylvania, grocery store. By age 14 he was working at the local Ford garage.

Twelve years later he owned the dealership, after having worked as a mechanic, salesman, bookkeeper, delivery man and driving instructor. Whalley purchased a second dealership three years later, and would open or acquire 11 more before World War II. He eventually established a chain of 13 automobile dealerships in central and western Pennsylvania.

## Public service

Whalley campaigned on issues related to the automotive industry. He fought against taxes that were considered unfair to new car buyers. Whalley also secured support for improvements to the Pennsylvania turnpike and campaigned for better highways everywhere.

He was a member of advisory board of Johnstown College branch of the University of Pittsburgh. He was chairman of the Somerset County Redevelopment Authority and the Windber Planning Commission. He served as a member of the Windber School Board from 1935 to 1947. He was a member of the Pennsylvania State House of Representatives, representing one of Somerset County's at-large seats, from 1951 to 1954. He also served in the Pennsylvania State Senate from 1955 to 1960, representing the 36th district. He was appointed by President Richard Nixon to serve as delegate to United Nations for the 1969 session.

### U.S. House of Representatives

He was elected as a Republican to the Eighty-sixth Congress, originally by special election to fill the vacancy caused by the death of United States Representative Doug Elliott. He was subsequently reelected to the five succeeding Congresses, and was a high-ranking member of the House Foreign Relations Committee. He retired in 1972.

The following year, Whalley was accused of taking staff salary kickbacks, but said the money was used for office purposes only. He pleaded guilty to one count of mail fraud and two counts of obstruction of justice, was fined $11,000 and served three years probation.

### Later

He was inducted into the Automotive Hall of Fame in 1981. Whalley died at the age of 77 and is buried in Grandview Cemetery, Johnstown.

## InfoBox

| Irving Whalley | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Pennsylvania's 12th district | |
| **In office**
January 3, 1963  January 3, 1973 | |
| Preceded by | Ivor Fenton |
| Succeeded by | John Saylor |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Pennsylvania's 18th district | |
| **In office**
November 8, 1960  January 3, 1963 | |
| Preceded by | Douglas Elliott |
| Succeeded by | Robert Corbett |
| Member of the Pennsylvania Senate
from the 36th district | |
| **In office**
January 3, 1955  August 18, 1960 | |
| Preceded by | Fred Hare |
| Succeeded by | Stanley Stroup |
| Member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
from the Somerset County district | |
| **In office**
January 1, 1951  November 30, 1954 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | John Irving Whalley
(1902-09-14)September 14, 1902
Barnesboro, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | March 8, 1980(1980-03-08) (aged 77)
Pompano Beach, Florida, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Education | Cambria-Rowe Business College |
|  | |


title: Phaeomolis brunnescens

abstract: Phaeomolis brunnescens is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Walter Rothschild in 1909. It is found in Panama, Brazil and Bolivia.

text:
# Phaeomolis brunnescens

***Phaeomolis brunnescens*** is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Walter Rothschild in 1909. It is found in Panama, Brazil and Bolivia.

## Subspecies

* *Phaeomolis brunnescens brunnescens* (Brazil)
* *Phaeomolis brunnescens unicolor* (Rothschild, 1909) (Bolivia)

## InfoBox

| *Phaeomolis brunnescens* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Phaeomolis brunnescens brunnescens* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Phaeomolis* |
| Species: | ***P. brunnescens*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phaeomolis brunnescens***<br>(Rothschild, 1909) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Automolis brunnescens* Rothschild, 1909 * *Automolis brunnescens unicolor* Rothschild, 1909 | |


title: Monkey Majik discography

abstract: " The discography of Monkey Majik consists of fourteen studio albums, five compilation albums and numerous singles and digital downloads. The band's releases were originally self-released in Sendai, after which they were signed to independent label and management Under Horse Records, and released material through there between 2004 and 2005. In 2005, Monkey Majik were signed to major label Avex Entertainment, and continue to release under the Binyl Records sub-label. Monkey Majik have four certified albums by the RIAJ, including the platinum Sora wa Marude (2007). They have five songs that were commercially successful enough to receive certifications, including the double platinum "Around the World" (2006) and "Sora wa Marude" (2007).

text:
# Monkey Majik discography

The **discography of Monkey Majik** consists of fourteen studio albums, five compilation albums and numerous singles and digital downloads. The band's releases were originally self-released in Sendai, after which they were signed to independent label and management Under Horse Records, and released material through there between 2004 and 2005. In 2005, Monkey Majik were signed to major label Avex Entertainment, and continue to release under the Binyl Records sub-label.

Monkey Majik have four certified albums by the RIAJ, including the platinum *Sora wa Marude* (2007). They have five songs that were commercially successful enough to receive certifications, including the double platinum "Around the World" (2006) and "Sora wa Marude" (2007).

## Albums

### Studio albums

| Year | Details | Chart positions | Total sales
 | Certifications
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | JPN
 | | |
| 2003 | *Spade* | 192 | 6,400 |  |
| 2005 | *Eastview** Released: September 21, 2005 * Label: Under Horse Records * Formats: Compact disc, digital download | 122 | 14,000 |  |
| 2006 | *Thank You** Released: May 24, 2006 * Label: Binyl Records * Formats: Compact disc, digital download, rental CD | 5 | 97,000 |  |
| 2007 | *Sora wa Marude** Released: July 25, 2007 * Label: Binyl Records * Formats: Compact disc, digital download, rental CD | 3 | 266,000 | * RIAJ: Platinum |
| 2008 | *Time** Released: September 3, 2008 * Label: Binyl Records * Formats: Compact disc, digital download, rental CD | 2 | 116,000 |  |
| 2011 | *Westview** Released: February 2, 2011 * Label: Binyl Records * Formats: Compact disc, digital download, rental CD | 9 | 18,000 |  |
| 2012 | *Somewhere Out There** Released: March 7, 2012 * Label: Binyl Records * Formats: Compact disc, digital download, rental CD | 7 | 16,700 |  |
| 2013 | *DNA** Released: October 16, 2013 * Label: Binyl Records * Formats: Compact disc, digital download, rental CD | 11 |  |  |
| 2015 | *Colour By Number** Released: February 4, 2015 * Label: Binyl Records * Formats: Compact disc, digital download, rental CD | 16 |  |  |
| 2016 | *Southview** Released: March 9, 2016 * Label: Binyl Records * Formats: Compact disc, digital download, rental CD | 21 |  |  |
| 2018 | *Enigma** Released: March 21, 2018 * Label: Binyl Records * Formats: Compact disc, digital download, rental CD | 28 |  |  |
| 2020 | *Northview** Released: February 26, 2020 * Label: Binyl Records * Formats: Compact disc, digital download | 23 | 1,903 (Phy.) |  |
| 2023 | *Curtain Call** Released: January 25, 2023 * Label: Binyl Records | 38 | 1,261 (Phy.) |  |
| 2024 | *Circles** Released: July 24, 2024 * Label: A.S.A.B | 45 | 1,124 (Phy.) |  |

### Compilation albums

| Year | Album Information | Chart positions
 | Total sales
 | Certifications
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2006 | *Best 2000–2005*  * Independently released greatest hits album * Released: March 8, 2006 * Label: Under Horse Records (UHR-11) * Formats: Compact disc, digital download | 18 | 37,000 |  |
| 2010 | *Monkey Majik Best: 10 Years & Forever*  * Greatest hits album * Released: July 14, 2010 * Label: Binyl Records (AVCH-78014) * Formats: Compact disc, digital download, rental CD | 4 | 83,000 |  |
| 2010 | *Rare Tracks*  * B-sides and rarities album * Released: March 2, 2011 * Label: Binyl Records (AVCH-78030) * Formats: Compact disc, digital download, rental CD | 28 | 6,700 |  |
| 2012 | *English Best*  * Released: December 5, 2012 | 34 |  |  |
| 2015 | *Monkey Majik Best: A.RI.GA.TO*  * Released: October 21, 2015 | 19 |  |  |
| 2020 | *MONKEY MAJIK BEST Special Selection Edition by Maynard, Blaise, TAX & DICK** Released November 18, 2020 |  |  |  |
| 2021 | *BEST ALBUM「20th Anniversary BEST 花鳥風月」** Released: January 20, 2021 |  |  |  |

## Extended plays

| Year | Album Information | Chart positions
 | Total sales
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2002 | *Tired*  * Self-released * Released: May 13, 2002 * Format: Compact disc * Limited 1,000 copy release at Tower Records Sendai |  |  |
| 2005 | *Lily*  * Independently released * Released: February 9, 2005 * Label: Under Horse Records (UHR-4) * Formats: Compact disc, digital download | 221 | 2,400 |
| | *Get Started*  * Independently released * Released: April 13, 2005 * Label: Under Horse Records (UHR-005) * Formats: Compact disc, digital download | 135 | 4,300 |
| | *Premium Box*  * Independently released * Released: July 2005 * Label: Under Horse Records (UHR-005) * Format: CD+DVD |  |  |

## Singles

| Release | Title | Notes | Chart positions | | | Oricon
sales
 | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Oricon Singles Charts
 | *Billboard* Japan Hot 100
 | RIAJ digital tracks†
 | | |
| 2006 | "Fly" | Debut single under Binyl Records | 19 |  |  | 43,000 | *Thank You* |
| | "Around the World" | Drama *Saiyūki* theme song. Certified double platinum for ringtones, platinum for cellphone downloads, gold for PC downloads and gold for physical copies. | 4 |  |  | 164,000 | |
| | "Futari" (フタリ, "Together") |  | 15 |  | 28\* | 11,000 | *Sora wa Marude* |
| 2007 | "Picture Perfect" | Collaboration with M-Flo | 23 |  | 41\* | | 10,000 |
| | "Sotsugyō, Soshite Mirai e." (卒業、そして未来へ。, "Graduation, then onto Your Future.") | Collaboration with Seamo | 24 |  | 25\* | | 11,000 |
| | "Change" | Collaboration with Yoshida Brothers | 52 |  | 91\* | | 6,000 |
| | "Monkey Majik × Monkey Magic" | *Saiyūki*-themed release | 20 |  |  | | 33,000 |
| | "Sora wa Marude" (空はまるで, "The Sky Is Just Like") | Radio single, certified as a double platinum ringtone, platinum cellphone download. |  |  | 8\* | |  |
| 2008 | "Together / Akari / Fall Back" (あかり, "Light") | Certified gold as a cellphone download | 11 | 8 | 23\* | 35,000 | *Time* |
| | "Aitakute / Morning-Evening / Goin' Places" (あいたくて, "I Miss You") |  | 21 | 17 | 73\* | 11,000 | |
| | "Tada, Arigatō" (ただ、ありがとう, "Just, Thank You") | Certified gold as a cellphone download | 28 | 13 | 23\* | 9,600 | |
| 2009 | "Aishiteru" (アイシテル, "I Love You") | Certified gold as a cellphone download | 12 | 7 | 7 | 14,000 | *10 Years & Forever* |
| | "Lupin the Third" | Digital download, *Lupin III* theme song cover |  |  | 13 |  | *Lupin the Third
Dance & Drive
Official Covers & Remixes* |
| | "Niji-iro no Sakana / Open Happiness / Monster" (虹色の魚, "Rainbow-colored Fish") |  | 22 | 10
40
 | 32
44
 | 5,000 | *10 Years & Forever* |
| 2010 | "Sakura" ("Cherry Blossoms") |  | 19 | 1 | 27 | | 6,000 |
| | "Fast Forward" | Released as a rental single |  |  | 36 | |  |
| | "Sunshine" | Anime *Nura: Rise of the Yokai Clan* theme song | 53 | 86 | 24 | 5,000 | *Westview* |
| 2011 | "Mahō no Kotoba" (魔法の言葉, "Magic Words") | Digital download |  |  |  | |  |
| | "Yume no Sekai" (夢の世界, "World of Dreams") | Radio single |  | 20 | 44 | |  |
| | "Ki o Ueta Otoko" (木を植えた男, "Man Who Grew a Tree") | Digital download, 2011 Tohoku earthquake charity single |  |  |  |  | *Somewhere Out There* |
| | "Headlight" |  | 30 | 5 | 14 | | 6,300 |
| 2012 | "Hero" |  | 54 | 7 | 67 | | 1,800 |
| 2012 | "A Christmas Song" |  | 22 |  |  |  | *DNA* |
| 2013 | "If" |  | 64 |  |  |  | |
| 2013 | "Story" |  | 59 |  |  |  | |
| 2014 | "Natsu no Jōji" (夏の情事, "Summer Love Affair") |  | 64 |  |  |  | *Colour by Number* |
| 2014 | "You Are Not Alone" |  | 105 |  |  |  | |
| 2016 | "A.I. am Human" |  | 90 | 89 |  |  | *enigma* |
| 2017 | "ray of light -movie ver.-" |  |  |  |  |  | |
| 2017 | "Is this love?" |  | 96 |  |  |  | |
| 2018 | "Umāberasu"|ウマーベラス|"Umarvelous" | Released: August 8, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2018 | "配信シングル「クリスマスキャロルの頃には -NORTH FLOW-」" | Digital Single Released: December 5, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2019 | "配信シングル「Bitten By You」" | Digital Single Released: October 23, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2020 | "Eden" | Anime *Fruits Basket(2019)* theme songReleased: July 7, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2020 | "gift" | Released: December 23, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2021 | "S.O.S (Zero-One Others: Kamen Rider Metsubou Jinrai)" | Released: July 14, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2021 | "Frontier (Zero-One Others: Kamen Rider Vulcan & Valkyrie)" | Released: November 10, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2022 | "Running In The Dark (Image Song for Arknights Mobile Game)" | Released: October 24, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |
| * charted on monthly Chaku-uta Reco-kyō Chart.
†Japan Hot 100 established February 2008, RIAJ Digital Track Chart established April 2009. | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Monkey Majik discography | |
| --- | --- |
| Studio albums | 14 |
| Live albums | 6 |
| Compilation albums | 5 |
| EPs | 4 |
| Singles | 30 |


title: Mercury relay

abstract: A mercury relay is a relay that uses mercury as the switching element. They are used as high-current switches or contactors, where contact erosion from constant cycling would be a problem for conventional relay contacts. Owing to environmental considerations about the toxicity of mercury, mercury relays are mostly obsolete, though modern encapsulated units still have applications. They are generally being replaced by solid state relays.

text:
# Mercury relay

A **mercury relay** (mercury displacement relay, mercury contactor) is a relay that uses mercury as the switching element.

They are used as high-current switches or contactors, where contact erosion from constant cycling would be a problem for conventional relay contacts.

Owing to environmental considerations about the toxicity of mercury, mercury relays are mostly obsolete, though modern encapsulated units still have applications. They are generally being replaced by solid state relays.

## Operation

Mercury relays consist of a vertical (usually glass) tube containing liquid mercury. They have isolated contacts at the bottom of the tube and partway up, usually in a side arm of the glass. The relay works by displacement. A pool of mercury fills the lower portion of the tube, but is insufficient to bridge the contacts. A magnetic slug of iron or steel is placed in the tube, where it sinks by gravity so as to displace the mercury. The displaced mercury rises in the tube, sufficiently to bridge the contacts and complete the circuit between them.

Around the top part of the tube is placed the coil. When energised, this coil attracts the slug, lifting it upwards and out of the mercury pool. The mercury is no longer displaced, and thus flows downwards, away from the upper contact, and so the circuit opens. This allows for normally closed operation.

For the more traditional normally open relay operation, the side contact is arranged somewhat higher up (or the volume of mercury is reduced), so that contact is not made when the iron slug is freely floating on the pool of mercury. The control coil is mounted below the rest level of the slug, and when energised draws down the slug deeper into the pool, thereby displacing additional mercury and thus raising the level to the previously uncovered side contact and closing the circuit.

The mercury relay thus allows for switching of higher currents with a small control current, for a large number of cycles. They are often installed into automatic controllers that required extended periods of unattended continuous switching operation. The mercury surface is self-restoring after an arc, and the contact resistance is low and stable.

The glass tube of a mercury relay must be mounted near-vertically. The sensitivity of these relays can be altered by adjusting their angle relative to vertical. As sensitivity depends upon angle, they are unsuitable for use on mobile equipment or with conditions of high vibration.

## Impulse relays

Mercury relays have also been produced as latching or impulse relays. The Lenning design uses a horizontal glass tube with two axially isolated pools of mercury. A conductive stirrup can bridge these to make the connection. The relay is controlled by the stirrup being rotated in and out of the pool along the horizontal axis of the tube. A weight on the stirrup's armature gives an over-centre action that provides the latching behaviour. A magnetic slug on the armature allows it to be rotated and controlled by an external electromagnet.

## High-speed operation

Owing to the mass of mercury moved during switching, compared to that of the armature and spring leaves of a conventional relay, the mercury relay is not a high-speed device. Despite this, the mercury relay does have a very low contact bounce time, in the sub-millisecond range. For some applications, particularly inductive loads, this alone may be a reason for their use – the timing of contact closure is not rapid, but the avoidance of bounce is valuable.

For high-speed use, the mercury-wetted relay is used instead. This combines the speed of a low-mass relay, together with the fast wetting of mercury contacts. A relay, usually a reed relay, has its contacts coated with a small quantity of mercury. This gives the low bounce advantage of mercury, although the current capacity is still limited to broadly that of the original reed relay.

## Other mercury switching devices

1. Vladimir Gurevich, *Electric Relays: Principles and Applications* CRC Press, 2005 ISBN 1420026410 Section 3.12 "Mercury displacement relays"
2. US 2778900, Lenning, Alvar, "Mercury relay of impulse type", published 1957-01-22,  assigned to Inreco AB


title: Golf Canada

abstract: The Royal Canadian Golf Association (RCGA), branded as Golf Canada, is the governing body of golf in Canada.

text:
# Golf Canada

The **Royal Canadian Golf Association** (**RCGA**), branded as **Golf Canada**, is the governing body of golf in Canada.

## Beginnings

It was founded as the Canadian Golf Association on June 6, 1895, at the Royal Ottawa Golf Club. The 'Royal' prefix was granted in June 1896 by Queen Victoria through the Governor General of Canada at that time, Lord Aberdeen, who was a patron of the association.

The first real international boom in golf happened during the 1890s. In response to this, the first golfing associations were formed – the Golfing Union of Ireland in 1891 and the Ladies' Golf Union in 1893. The organization of golf in Britain itself was directed to The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews as the historic seat of golf. In 1894, two attempts to establish a national championship in the United States were made, neither of which became recognized as the national championship. Later in 1894, representatives from five prominent U.S. clubs gathered to form the United States Golf Association.

## Founding, stages Canadian Amateur

The first meeting to discuss the formation of a Canadian Golf Association was held on June 6, 1895, at the Royal Ottawa Golf Club. The secretary of the club, Alex Simpson, was a strong proponent of organizing a national organization to conduct national championships. In 1895, he invited clubs from across Canada to attend "the first national golf championship" and to discuss the organization of an association with the mandate of conducting such events. It was agreed that such an association should be formed and would hold its first Annual General Meeting on September 27, at the time of the Interprovincial Matches between Ontario and Quebec.

The constitution drawn up for the purpose stated the objectives of the organization as: "promote interest in the game of golf; the protection of the mutual interests of its members; establish and enforce uniformity in the rules of game by creating a representative authority,; its Executive Committee to be a court of reference as a final authority in matters of controversy; to establish a uniform system of handicapping; to decide on what links the Amateur and Open Championship shall be played."

The constitution was signed by the following ten clubs from across Canada:

The first officers of the organization were:

| Role | Name |
| --- | --- |
| President: | Hon. George A. Drummond, Royal Montreal Golf Club |
| Vice Presidents: | Lt-Col. D.T. Irwin, Royal Ottawa
John Hamilton, Royal Quebec Golf Club |
| Hon. Secretary: | W.C.J. Hall, Royal Quebec Golf Club |
| Members: | Charles Hunter, Toronto Golf and Niagara-on-the-Lake
Lt.-Col. Cotton, Kingston Golf Club
J.F. Kirk, Rosedale Golf Club
J.L. Morris, Royal Montreal
F.P. Betts, London |

The prefix 'Royal' was granted in June 1896 by Queen Victoria. There were two categories of membership in the RCGA when it was formed – 'Allied', which meant it was a regularly constituted golf club in Canada, and 'Associate', which was also to have a golf course, clubhouse and at least 25 members.

Membership in the RCGA was:

| Year | Membership |
| --- | --- |
| 1895 | 10 clubs |
| 1898 | Associates: 11, Allied: 3 |
| 1902 | 20 |
| 1905 | 33 |
| 1961 | 512 |
| 1990 | 1500 |

## Canadian Open

The Canadian Amateur Championship was to continue annually as it had operated in 1895, at match play, with the prize the Aberdeen Cup, donated by the Governor-General. In 1898, the RCGA, in conjunction with the USGA, conducted the first International Golf Matches at the Toronto Golf Club. In 1901, the organization introduced the Canadian Ladies' Amateur Championship, held at Royal Montreal Golf Club. Three years later, the need for an Open championship for both amateur and professional golfers was determined, with sufficient professional golfers in Canada, and the first Canadian Open Golf Championship was held over the Royal Montreal Golf Club in 1904.

## Organizational details

The RCGA formed its first standing committee for the rules of golf in 1916, although it had printed its first edition of the rules in 1914.

In 1919, the first staff person, B.L. Anderson, was hired. He had served as volunteer secretary during World War I, and was hired for part-time work for the association as the Secretary-Treasurer. Anderson stayed with the RCGA as Secretary until retirement in 1945. He became known as the face of the RCGA, along with his own secretary, Marion Doherty.

Funding continued as a fee per club until 1948, when the RCGA instituted the dollar a year plan. The concept was that each golf club would remit $1.00 for each male member (after having collected from the member in their annual dues). $0.50 was to go to the RCGA and the same amount would be remitted to the appropriated provincial association. This revolutionized the associations which had suffered for decades from chronic lack of funding.

The first handicapping system sponsored by Canada was done in 1937, believed to be based upon an American system, using the five lowest scores of the current season. The second system was presented in 1949 on an interim basis, and officially in 1950. It was revised again in 1960, and several times afterwards.

In 1924, the Canadian Ladies' Golf Union (formed in 1913) took over the operation of the Canadian Ladies' Amateur Championship from the RCGA.

Since 2003, Golf Canada has had the Team Canada program as a staple for the Organization. The Goal of this program is to develop young Men and Women Golfers to become top ranked Amateurs. The program has a rigorous selection each November to place golfers on either the National or Junior teams. Team Canada has participants active year round, and provides both physical and mental coaching for golfers.

## Willingdon Cup

1927 saw the resurrection of the Interprovincial Team Matches. These matches had been played since 1882, primarily between Quebec and Ontario. Discontinued in 1921, the need to improve the national scope of the association, and in particular its championships, coincided with the concept of team expenses provided being allowed. To ensure the "cream" of the amateur players in each province were available to participate in the Amateur (notwithstanding long distance travel), the Interprovincial Matches were reintroduced as the "Willingdon Cup Matches for the Interprovincial Championship" encouraging each province to send a team of four to the Amateur. The Governor General, Lord Willingdon, provided the cup which is still played for today. The Willingdon Cup matches have likely done more than any other event to raise the standard of amateur golf in Canada.

## Junior Championship

In the 1930s, the national body was approached about beginning a national junior championship. In 1938, a new element was added to the Amateur Championship – that of Junior Title holder. A junior from each province could accompany the Willingdon Cup team as an alternate, and participate in the Amateur. The low scorer would become the Junior Champion. In 1959, the tournament was separated from the Canadian Amateur Championship, and became a full-fledged match play tournament in its own right. A juvenile component was added in 1970, and interprovincial team matches had been added to the tournament in 1959. Both tournaments are run at stroke play today.

## Senior Championship and others

In 1962, the RCGA introduced its first Senior Championship of Canada. The Canadian Senior Golf Association had been formed in 1918 and conducted its own championship. However, by 1962, it became clear that there was a need for another tournament. The Senior Championship of Canada was established as an RCGA event, open to any member of any RCGA member club. The CSGA was/is a membership based organization and fulfills a largely social element of the game.

In 1986, the Canadian Club Champions' Championship was introduced, followed by the Mid-Amateur Championship in 1987.

## Canada in international golf

Golf Canada also has a long history of sending teams to international competitions. The first overseas team was formed in 1935 to go to the United Kingdom, to play in the British Amateur Championship, and in a number of relatively informal team matches. In 1954 the first official RCGA team event took place with the introduction of the Americas Cup Matches. Played between 1954 and 1967, these matches were played between Mexico, the USA and Canada. The Canadians brought home the honours in 1965. Other International events Golf Canada has been much involved in are the World Amateur Team Matches for the Eisenhower Trophy, since 1958: winning in 1986, placing second in 1962, 1964, 1978, 2006, and 2014, and hosting these "Olympics" of golf in 1992; the Commonwealth Tournament matches, won by Canada in 1971 and 1975, discontinued in 1975; and the Simon Bolivar Biennial Tournament, won in 1981 by Doug Roxburgh and Gary Cowan representing Canada.

During the 2016 Rio Olympics, Team Canada participated in the first golf competition in over 100 year. Selected for the team on the men's side were Graham DeLaet and David Hearn. DeLaet finished 20th overall, while Hearn finished 30th. For the Women Brooke Henderson and Alena Sharp participated. Henderson finished in a tie for 7th, while Sharp finished 30th.

## Agronomy, history

The RCGA also recognized the needs of the game outside of tournament play and first began a Green Section in the 1920s. Although this faded in and out throughout the next several decades, it continued until ending in 2007. In the 1950s, golf architect agronomist Robbie Robinson served the RCGA in a number of positions, including as general manager. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the RCGA operated a consulting program which was operated through part-time consultants. In 1991 the Association hired a permanent staff person for the Green Section, and has been involved in developing environmental guidelines, among other key materials, for golf courses today.

In the 1950s, the RCGA first began collecting "relics" of the game, to preserve the history of Canadian golf. In 1975, with the move to Glen Abbey Golf Course, the RCGA established a golf museum and a location to showcase the Canadian Golf Hall of Fame, established in 1971. With the donation of $800,000 from the Shore Foundation, a building was erected at Glen Abbey as a home for the museum, the Hall of Fame and a library/archive on the game.

## Permanent site for Canadian Open

In the 1970s, the RCGA made the decision to move the Canadian Open to a permanent site at Glen Abbey Golf Course in Oakville, Ontario, along with headquarters of the association. The RCGA purchased the golf course in the early 1980s, and held the national open championship over the course from 1977 to 2000, with the exceptions of 1980 and 1997, when it was moved to Royal Montreal Golf Club. In 1999, the RCGA completed the sale of the property to ClubLink Corp. The Canadian Open returned to Glen Abbey in 2004, and was played there again in 2008 and 2009. The tournament once more moves around the country to top courses.

Glen Abbey is home to Golf Canada and the Canadian Golf Hall of Fame, and it has hosted 25 Canadian Open Championships, more than any other course. The owner since 2005, Clublink Corp, filed an application in October 2015 to redevelop the property into a residential community, with offices and retail stores. There was no provision for a golf course in the plan. The Town of Oakville Council responded in August 2017 by declaring the golf course a heritage site under the Ontario Heritage Act. This would make it more difficult for ClubLink to develop the area as it had planned, with 3,222 housing units and 122,000 square feet (11,300 m2) of retail and commercial space. Golf Canada was also concerned since it could not predict whether it could get the necessary permit to hold the Canadian Open at Glen Abbey in 2018.

## Amalgamation with Ladies' Association

The Royal Canadian Golf Association merged with the Canadian Ladies' Golf Association in January 2005, and now administers the game for both men and women. The tournaments conducted by the association include:

## Services

Other programs of Golf Canada include a Canada-wide Agronomy Program, a Player Development division dedicated to providing opportunities for top golfers to reach their potential in competitive golf, the RCGA Foundation which raises funds for Golf Programs at Canadian Universities, and the Golf Programs and Services Division which operates the CN Future Links program, Handicapping and Course Rating, the Canadian Golf Hall of Fame and Museum and maintaining the Rules of Golf.

## InfoBox

Golf Canada
| Royal Canadian Golf Association | |
| --- | --- |
| Sport | Golf |
| Jurisdiction | Canada (federal) |
| Abbreviation | RCGA |
| Founded | 1895 (1895) |
| Headquarters | Oakville, Ontario |
| President | Liz Hoffman |
| CEO | Laurence Applebaum |
| Official website | |
| www.golfcanada.ca | |
|  | |


title: Onibury

abstract: Onibury is a village and civil parish on the River Onny in southern Shropshire, about 4 miles (6.4 km) northwest of the market town of Ludlow. The parish includes the hamlets of Walton and Wootton and was extended in 1967 to include parts from Clungunford and Stokesay. It borders the parishes of Clungunford, Stokesay, Bromfield, Culmington and Stanton Lacy. The country houses of Ferney Hall and Stokesay Court are in the parish.

text:
# Onibury

**Onibury** is a village and civil parish on the River Onny in southern Shropshire, about 4 miles (6.4 km) northwest of the market town of Ludlow.

The parish includes the hamlets of Walton and Wootton and was extended in 1967 to include parts from Clungunford and Stokesay. It borders the parishes of Clungunford, Stokesay (now part of Craven Arms parish), Bromfield, Culmington and Stanton Lacy. The country houses of Ferney Hall and Stokesay Court are in the parish.

## History

### Toponym

The toponym "Onibury" is derived from the Old English for "fortified place on the River Onny". "Onny" means "river on whose banks ash trees grew", from the Welsh "on" meaning ashes.

### Domesday Book

Onibury is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as *Aneberie*. It had 15 households, making it a fairly medium-sized settlement for the time, and a priest. The manor formed part of the Saxon hundred of Culvestan.

### Hundred

Onibury came to be in the lower division of the hundred of Munslow, following the amalgamation of Culvestan and Patton hundreds in the reign of Henry I (1100-1139).

## Parish church

The Church of England parish church of Saint Michael & All Angels has a Norman (or possibly Saxon) chancel arch but much of the present building dates from the 14th century. The nave has a queen post roof, box pews and a west gallery. Lancet windows illuminate the 12th-century chancel, which features a walled-up priest's door. The 16th-century pulpit, late perpendicular with Jacobean additions, has linenfold panelling. St. Michael's has several 17th-century monuments. St. Michael's was restored under the direction of the Arts and Crafts architect Detmar Blow (1867–1939). The church is a Grade II\* listed building.

The tower has a ring of four bells. John of Gloucester cast the second and third bells in about 1350. Henry Clibury of Wellington cast the tenor bell in 1676 and John Rudhall of Gloucester cast the treble bell in 1824. For technical reasons the bells are currently unringable.

In the churchyard is the parish's war memorial, initially erected after World War I, to the dead of both World Wars in the form of a stone cross.

St. Michael's is one of 17 churches in the Benefice of the Ludlow Team Ministry.

John Derby Allcroft was Lord of the Manor and Patron of Saint Michael & All Angels church during the 19th century.

## Transport

Onibury had a railway station on the Shrewsbury and Hereford Railway.

The A49 road passes through the village and there is a level crossing, where there is still a signal box.

National Cycle Network route 44 passes through, via the country lanes, en route between Ludlow and Bishop's Castle.

## Places near Onibury

## InfoBox

| Onibury | |
| --- | --- |
| St. Michael and All Angels parish church | |
| OniburyLocation within Shropshire | |
| Population | 297 (2011 census) |
| OS grid reference | SO453791 |
| Civil parish | * Onibury |
| Unitary authority |  |
| Ceremonial county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Ludlow |
| Postcode district | SY7 |
| Dialling code | 01584 |
|  | |
| Police | West Mercia |
| Fire | Shropshire |
| Ambulance | West Midlands |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Gill Township, Clay County, Kansas

abstract: Gill Township is a township in Clay County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 140.

text:
# Gill Township, Clay County, Kansas

**Gill Township** is a township in Clay County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 140.

## Geography

Gill Township covers an area of 30.09 square miles (77.9 km2) and contains no incorporated settlements. According to the USGS, it contains one cemetery, Saint Johns.

## InfoBox

| Gill Township | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Location in Clay County | |
| Coordinates: 39°10′30″N 097°06′31″W / 39.17500°N 97.10861°W / 39.17500; -97.10861 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Kansas |
| County | Clay |
| Area | |
| Total | 30.09 sq mi (77.93 km2) |
| Land | 30.07 sq mi (77.89 km2) |
| Water | 0.01 sq mi (0.03 km2)  0.04% |
| Elevation | 1,309 ft (399 m) |
| Population (2000) | |
| Total | 140 |
| Density | 4.7/sq mi (1.8/km2) |
| GNIS feature ID | 0476318 |


title: 8th Lancers

abstract: The 8th Lancers was a cavalry regiment of the Bengal Army (1846-1895) and the British Indian Army until 1921 when it was amalgamated 5th Cavalry regiment to form the 3rd Cavalry regiment.

text:
# 8th Lancers

The **8th Lancers** was a cavalry regiment of the Bengal Army (1846-1895) and the British Indian Army until 1921 when it was amalgamated 5th Cavalry regiment to form the 3rd Cavalry regiment.

## Origin and history

The 8th Lancers were the last cavalry regiment to be established before the Indian Rebellion of 1857, being raised by Captain W. H. Ryves at Sultanpore in 1846. The regiment served in Peshawar during 1857 rebellion and served in the Second Anglo-Afghan War. They were issued with lances in 1899 to become the 8th Bengal Lancers, later changed to the 8th Lancers.

As the 8th Cavalry the regiment spent World War I on internal security duties in India although it was sent to Palestine in 1920. On returning to India in 1921 they were amalgamated with the 5th Cavalry and to form the 3rd Cavalry regiment.

## Titles

Like all regiments of the British Indian Army, the 8th Lancers underwent many name changes in the various reorganisations. They are listed below.

* 1846 17th Irregular Cavalry
* 1847 18th Irregular Cavalry
* 1861 8th Regiment of Bengal Cavalry
* 1900 8th Regiment of Bengal Lancers
* 1901 8th Bengal Lancers
* 1903 8th Lancers
* 1904 8th Cavalry
* 1922 3rd Cavalry following amalgamation with the 5th Cavalry regiment

* Kempton, C (1996). *A Register of Titles of the Units of the H.E.I.C. & Indian Armies 1666-1947.* Bristol: British Empire & Commonwealth Museum. ISBN 978-0-9530174-0-9
* Gaylor, J (1992). *Sons of John Company: The Indian and Pakistan Armies 1903- 1991.* Stroud: Spellmount Publishers Ltd. ISBN 978-0-946771-98-1

## InfoBox

| 8th Lancers | |
| --- | --- |
| Active | 1846-1921 |
| Country | India |
| Allegiance | East India Company (1846-1858)
British India (1858-1921) |
| Branch | Bengal Army (1846-1895)
British Indian Army (1895-1921) |
| Type | Cavalry |
| Size | Regiment |
| Engagements | Indian Rebellion of 1857
Second Anglo-Afghan War |


title: Phoenix Championship Wrestling

abstract: Phoenix Championship Wrestling was an American independent professional wrestling promotion based in Toms River, New Jersey. It was founded by twin brothers Don and Mike Bucci in 2001 and promoted by Don Bucci until its close two years later. The promotion enjoyed a high degree of success during its existence and was home to many independent wrestlers in the Jersey Shore and Mid-Atlantic region later signed to both Total Non-Stop Action and World Wrestling Entertainment. Stars from both promotions made appearances for PCW such as TNA's Alexis Laree, Frankie Kazarian, Amazing Red and The S.A.T.. The Wall and the Harris Brothers were also signed to TNA while competing for the promotion. From the World Wrestling Federation included former and then current superstars such as Jimmy Snuka, Gillberg, Gangrel, Eddie Guerrero and Three Minute Warning. A number of WWE developmental wrestlers from Ohio Valley Wrestling spent time in the promotion including Kara Drew, Charlie Haas, Mike Kruel, Tank Toland and The Basham Brothers. Mike Bucci, a mainstay of Extreme Championship Wrestling, was also able to bring in many of its stars prior to and following the promotion's close in 2001. Among these included Prodigy, Chris Chetti, Little Guido, Jerry Lynn, Crowbar, Steve Corino, Julio Dinero, Chris Hamrick, Tommy Dreamer, Raven, Joey Matthews & Christian York and the "heel" stable Triple Threat. Both Bucci and Prodigy would win titles in the promotion, Prodigy being the first PCW Television Champion. Despite the fierce competitive environment among independent Mid-Atlantic promotions, the smaller PCW had working relationships with several of its rivals allowing appearances by Nicky Benz and Ric Blade from Combat Zone Wrestling, and Michael Shane, "Fallen Angel" Christopher Daniels and Samoa Joe from Ring of Honor. PCW also featured many established independent wrestlers, not only in the Jersey Shore and Mid-Atlantic region, but from throughout the United States and Canada. The mix of wrestlers would occasionally result in unofficial interpromotional matches that would not normally be seen in mainstream companies. The promotion also had a weekly Public-access television cable TV series, Fire Bird TV, and many of its supercards and televised events were later released on VHS/DVD by Smart Mark Video and RF Video.

text:
# Phoenix Championship Wrestling

**Phoenix Championship Wrestling** was an American independent professional wrestling promotion based in Toms River, New Jersey. It was founded by twin brothers Don and Mike Bucci in 2001 and promoted by Don Bucci until its close two years later. The promotion enjoyed a high degree of success during its existence and was home to many independent wrestlers in the Jersey Shore and Mid-Atlantic region later signed to both Total Non-Stop Action and World Wrestling Entertainment.

Stars from both promotions made appearances for PCW such as TNA's Alexis Laree, Frankie Kazarian, Amazing Red and The S.A.T. (Jose and Joel Maximo). The Wall and the Harris Brothers were also signed to TNA while competing for the promotion. From the World Wrestling Federation included former and then current superstars such as Jimmy Snuka, Gillberg, Gangrel, Eddie Guerrero and Three Minute Warning (Rosey and Jamal). A number of WWE developmental wrestlers from Ohio Valley Wrestling spent time in the promotion including Kara Drew, Charlie Haas, Mike Kruel, Tank Toland and The Basham Brothers (Doug and Danny Basham).

Mike Bucci, a mainstay of Extreme Championship Wrestling, was also able to bring in many of its stars prior to and following the promotion's close in 2001. Among these included Prodigy, Chris Chetti, Little Guido, Jerry Lynn, Crowbar, Steve Corino, Julio Dinero, Chris Hamrick, Tommy Dreamer, Raven, Joey Matthews & Christian York and the "heel" stable Triple Threat ("Franchise" Shane Douglas, Chris Candido and Bam Bam Bigelow). Both Bucci and Prodigy would win titles in the promotion, Prodigy being the first PCW Television Champion.

Despite the fierce competitive environment among independent Mid-Atlantic promotions, the smaller PCW had working relationships with several of its rivals allowing appearances by Nicky Benz and Ric Blade from Combat Zone Wrestling, and Michael Shane, "Fallen Angel" Christopher Daniels and Samoa Joe from Ring of Honor. PCW also featured many established independent wrestlers, not only in the Jersey Shore and Mid-Atlantic region, but from throughout the United States and Canada. The mix of wrestlers would occasionally result in unofficial interpromotional matches that would not normally be seen in mainstream companies. The promotion also had a weekly Public-access television cable TV series, *Fire Bird TV*, and many of its supercards and televised events were later released on VHS/DVD by Smart Mark Video and RF Video.

## History

### Early history

In 2001, Phoenix Championship Wrestling was established in Toms River, New Jersey by wrestling manager Don Bucci and his twin brother Mike Bucci, then wrestling for Extreme Championship Wrestling as Super Nova. Don Bucci, a 10-year veteran who had managed a number of wrestlers in the National Wrestling Alliance during the 1990s, was the primary promoter for PCW and ran the day-to-day operations up until its close. He had originally decided to form PCW, according to a later interview, after *"watching all the other bad indies out there, especially in this area. I was tired of seeing the people get ripped off."* He was especially supportive of allowing more creative control by wrestlers, providing fair pay and a safe working environment. Bucci claimed to have gotten the idea for the "Phoenix" name while driving behind a Firebird and noticed the car's emblem.

Having had previous experience as a booker and promoter in the New York-New Jersey area for the National Wrestling Alliance and the World Wide Wrestling Alliance, as well running occasional shows under *Big Buc Productions* in the Toms River area since 1999, Don Bucci was able to bring in independent stars he had previously worked with including Harley Lewis, The Wall, Donnie Bon Jovi, Slayer, Father Ozzy, Matt Vandal, Mike Preston and Prodigy. Though his brother Mike, Frankie Kazarian, Christopher Daniels and Samoa Joe also agreed to appearances for the promotion. Kazarain, who would have a successful stint in the promotion, later said in a November 2002 interview that PCW was one of his favorite places to work and *"definitely one of the best Indy feds in the country."*

The promotion's heavyweight title was introduced at its first card in Stanhope, New Jersey on March 3, 2001, and won by Harley Lewis in a singles match against Dr. Hurtz. This would be one of Hurtz's final wrestling matches before retiring several months later but would remain with PCW as a manager and later became the promotion's commissioner. Also at that event, The Backseat Boyz (Trent Acid and Johnny Kashmere) were crowned the first tag team champions after defeating Combat Zone Wrestling's Ric Blade and Nicky Benz. They would eventually lose the titles to **Evolution** (Nova and Frankie Kazarian) in a 3-Way Dance with Joey Matthews & Christian York in Monroeville, Pennsylvania four months later. On August 9, the promotion held the "Battle of the Bay" supercard in Lavalette, New Jersey with The Wall in the main event. The following month, The Wall also joined Crowbar and Tommy Dreamer for an event at Toms River High School East on September 28, 2001.

### Fire Bird TV

The promotion soon began a weekly Public-access television series on Comcast Cable-affiliate Channel 21, *Fire Bird TV*, which aired in Toms River as well as the Seaside Heights, Seaside Park, Beachwood, and Bayville areas. Around this time, both Extreme Championship Wrestling and World Championship Wrestling had folded and a large number of its former stars were forced to work on the independent circuit. Bucci believed that with the abundance of talent and high quality television production of Fire Bird TV would help gain an edge over his other competitors. This formula, Bucci later claimed, was "borrowed" by other independent promotions. Eddy Guerrero, Jerry Lynn, Gangrel and Bam Bam Bigelow were among the first big stars to work for the company.

One of PCW's first major supercards, *Winter Wonder Slam '02*, was held at the Recreation Station in Toms River on January 11, 2002. the main event featured an interpromotional match between K-Kwik and Chris Hamrick. At the time of the match, Hamrick was working for Total Non-Stop Action while K-Kwik was in World Wrestling Entertainment. Also on the card, ECW's Prodigy beat "Ramblin'" Rich Myers to become the promotion's first television champion. Myers was then a mainstay of the Mid-Eastern Wrestling Federation. The next month in Toms River, Mike Bucci and Eddy Guerrero wrestled a match lasting 30 minutes. Guerrero addressed the audience after the match praising both Bucci and Phoenix Championship Wrestling. The event, according to Don Bucci, is his favorite moment and one of the most memorable in the promotion's history.

### Farewell to Nova

In May 2002, Mike Bucci announced he had signed a contract with World Wrestling Entertainment. Later that month, the promotion held a special event in Toms River, *Farewell to Nova*, which would see Bucci wrestle his last match in PCW before making his WWE debut as "Simon Dean". Bucci teamed with Frankie Kazarian and Chris Chetti in a 6-man tag team match to defeat Cham Pain, Joey Matthews & Christian York. At the end of the night, he gave a farewell speech and then he and Kazarian vacated the tag team titles. Kazarian would win the PCW Television Championship from Prodigy the following night. At that same event, Harley Lewis lost the PCW Heavyweight Championship to The Wall in a Tables, Ladders and Doors match. Lewis had held the title for over a year and set a 14-month record as its longest reigning champion. In addition, a match between The Prophet and "Jumbo" Joe Gunns resulted in over 500 people in the audience pelting the loser, The Prophet, with fresh produce as part of a pre-match stipulation. Bucci's departure from the company would be the first of many of the promotion's regular stars to sign contracts with TNA and WWE.

### Russ Haas Memorial Tag Team Tournament

On August 31, 2002, Phoenix Championship Wrestling held a special tribute show for Russ Haas, brother and tag team partner of fellow WWE developmental wrestler Charlie Hass, to raise money for his family. The event, the *Haas Memorial Tag Team Tournament*, was held at Recreation Station in Toms River and featured a number of wrestlers from World Wrestling Entertainment. The tournament had a unique format with the first round matches being three-way matches with double elimination rules, as opposed to traditional single team matches, and included PCW Tag Team Champions The United Nations (Tiger Khan & Prophet), Steve Corino & Amazing Red, The S.A.T. (Jose and Joel Maximo), Chris Divine & Quiet Storm, Malice & Seven, Da Hit Squad, Joey Matthews & Christian York, Bo Dupp & Matt Vandal (substituting for Pete Gas), Lance Cade & Nick Dinsmore, and The Ballard Brothers. The tournament was eventually won by Charlie Haas & Nova defeating Doug Basham and Damaja in the finals. Jerry Lynn, Low Ki and The Island Boys (Jamal and Rosey) were also on the card. Both the tournament and non-tournament matches were billed as "first time ever" meetings by the promotion, most notably, Frankie Kazarian defending the PCW Television Championship against Low Ki. The show's undercard pitted Kid Knight, a disc jockey and on-air personality for 98.5 FM, against Little Ricky in a lumberjack match. This was the second memorial show held in memory of Russ Hass, Jersey All Pro Wrestling had held a similar event several months before.

### Later years

On November 2, 2002, Diamond Dallas Page headlined a PCW fundraiser at a local middle school in his hometown of Point Pleasant, New Jersey, and participated in an autograph signing afterwards. This was one of Page's first matches following his departure from WWE earlier that year.

Another major supercard, *March Madness*, was held in Lacey, New Jersey on March 22, 2003. After nearly a year as champion, Malace was stripped of the heavyweight title with only two months of breaking former champion Harley Lewis's record. Meanwhile, Kappa Tegga Kappa (Andy Jaxx and Curt Daniels) defeated The United Nations (The Prophet and Tiger Khan) for tag team titles. The titles had been vacant since the "Farewell to Nova" card the previous year. Two months later at *Mayhem Massacre* in Manchester, Matt Vandal won a tournament to win the vacant heavyweight title defeating Frankie Kazarian in the finals.

On June 14, 2003, its last event was held at Toms River High School East in Toms River. The Moxie Family (Romeo Roselli, Damian Adams and Rob Eckos) won the tag team titles from Kappa Tegga Kappa and Donnie Bon Jovi in a Three Way Elimination match against Frankie Kazarian and Mike Kruel to win the heavyweight title. The company, which had been in decline since Mike Bucci signed with WWE, eventually closed at the end of the summer.

## Former personnel

## Championships

### PCW Heavyweight Championship

The **PCW Heavyweight Championship** was the primary singles championship title in Phoenix Championship Wrestling. It was first won by Harley Lewis who defeated Dr. Hurtz at PCW's first event in Stanhope, New Jersey on March 3, 2001. The title was defended throughout New Jersey for the next two years, although vacant for a 5-month period in early-2003, until its close.

| Wrestler: | Times: | Date: | Location: | Notes: |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Harley Lewis | 1 | March 3, 2001 | Stanhope, New Jersey | Defeated Dr. Hurtz to become recognized as the first champion. |
| The Wall | 1 | May 17, 2002 | Toms River, New Jersey | Won the title in a "Tables, Ladders and Doors" match at PCW's "Farewell to Nova" card. |
|
| *The Wall was stripped of the title in Lacey, New Jersey on March 22, 2003, and remained vacant for the next several months.'* | | | | |
| Matt Vandal | 1 | May 3, 2003 | Manchester, New Jersey | Defeated Frankie Kazarian in a tournament final to win the vacant title. |

### PCW Television Championship

The **PCW Television Championship** was the secondary singles title in Phoenix Championship Wrestling. It was first won by Prodigy after defeating "Ramblin'" Rich Myers in Toms River, New Jersey on January 11, 2002. The title, introduced at the height of the promotion's popularity, was frequently defended on PCW's weekly Public-access television cable TV series, *Fire Bird TV* as well as throughout New Jersey until the promotion's close in 2003.

| Wrestler: | Times: | Date: | Location: | Notes: |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Prodigy | 1 | January 11, 2002 | Toms River, New Jersey | Defeated "Ramblin'" Rich Myers to be recognized as the first champion. |
| Frankie Kazarian | 1 | May 18, 2002 | Jersey City, New Jersey |  |
| Donnie Bon Jovi | 1 | June 14, 2003 | Toms River, New Jersey | Won title in a 3-Way Dance with Frankie Kazarian and Mike Kruel at Toms River High School East; this was the last event held by the promotion. |

### PCW Tag Team Championship

The **PCW Tag Team Championship** was the primary tag team title for Phoenix Championship Wrestling. It was the second championship introduced by the promotion and first won by The Backseat Boyz (Trent Acid and Johnny Kashmere) from Combat Zone Wrestling's Ric Blade & Nicky Benz in Stanhope, New Jersey on March 3, 2001. It was frequently defended in both Pennsylvania and New Jersey, with exception to the 10-month period when it was vacated, from 2001 until the promotion's close two years later.

| Wrestler: | Times: | Date: | Location: | Notes: |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| The Backseat Boyz
(Trent Acid and Johnny Kashmere) | 1 | March 3, 2001 | Stanhope, New Jersey | Defeated Ric Blade & Nicky Benz to become the first champions. |
| Evolution
(Nova and Frankie Kazarian) | 1 | July 20, 2001 | Monroeville, Pennsylvania | Won the titles in a 3-Way Dance with The Backseat Boyz and Joey Matthews & Christian York. |
|
| *The PCW Tag Team Championship is vacated after Nova leaves the promotion for World Wrestling Entertainment. Nova and Frankie Kazarian surrender the titles at PCW's "Farewell to Nova" show in Toms River, New Jersey on May 17, 2002. Their last title defense was a six-man tag team match with Chris Chetti against Cham Pain, Joey Matthews & Christian York.* | | | | |
| Kappa Tegga Kappa
(Andy Jaxx and Curt Daniels) | 1 | March 22, 2003 | Lacey, New Jersey | Defeated The United Nations (The Prophet and Tiger Khan) to win the vacant title. |
| The Moxie Family
(Romeo Roselli, Damian Adams and Rob Eckos) | 1 | June 14, 2003 | Toms River, New Jersey | Taking place at Toms River High School East, this was the last event held by the promotion. |

## InfoBox

Phoenix Championship Wrestling
|
|  |
| Acronym | PCW |
| Founded | 2001 |
| Style | Hardcore, shoot style |
| Headquarters | Toms River, New Jersey |
| Founder(s) | Don Bucci
Mike Bucci |
| Owner(s) | Don "Donnie B" Bucci (2001-2003) |
| Website | PhoenixWrestling.com
Phoenix Championship Wrestling on Myspace |


title: William Hopson

abstract: William C. "Wild Bill" Hopson was an American pilot known for flying airmail for the United States Postal Service between 1920 and 1927.

text:
# William Hopson

**William C. "Wild Bill" Hopson** (c.1887 – October 18, 1928) was an American pilot known for flying airmail for the United States Postal Service between 1920 and 1927.

## Early life

William C. Hopson was born to Edward F. Hopson. Hopson attended elementary and high school in Decatur, Illinois. He graduated high school in 1905 and delivered mail for and worked in the newsroom of the *Decatur Herald*.

## Career

Hopson served in the United States Navy during World War I. Hopson worked as a taxi cab driver in New York City.

Hopson went by the nickname "Wild Bill". He flew airmail for the United States Postal Service from April 14, 1920, until September 3, 1927, when airmail service was transferred to private companies. He initially flew in New Jersey and later flew a route from Omaha, Nebraska, to Chicago. During his service, he flew over 4,000 hours and over 413,000 miles. Hopson was known for making forced landings and his popularity allowed him to get away with it. In the year 1926 alone, he reportedly made at least 13 forced landings that his managers declared as acceptable.

After private companies took over airmail service, Hopson worked for the National Air Transport company and flew a contract airmail route between New York City and Chicago.

## Personal life

Hopson married Jeanette F. They later divorced. He had one child, Robert.

## Crash and death

Hopson died instantly on October 18, 1928, at the age of 41, near Polk, Pennsylvania, in a plane crash while flying on his contract airmail route between New York City and Chicago. Hopson's plane was carrying about US$100,000 in diamonds. Only about US$65,000 of the diamonds were recovered. He was buried at Memorial Park Cemetery in Rock Island, Illinois.

## InfoBox

| William C. Hopson | |
| --- | --- |
| "Wild Bill" Hopson in winter flying clothing (c.1926) | |
| Born | c.1887 |
| Died | (aged 41)
near Polk, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Resting place | Memorial Park Cemetery
Rock Island, Illinois, U.S. |
| Other names | "Wild Bill" |
| Occupation | Airmail pilot |
| Known for | Flying airmail for the United States Postal Service |
| Spouse | Jeanette F. (divorced) |
| Children | 1 |


title: Rafael Pardo Rueda

abstract: Rafael Pardo Rueda is a Colombian politician. A Liberal party politician and economist, he has previously served as the 1st Minister of Labour of Colombia serving in the Administration of President Juan Manuel Santos Calderón, Minister of National Defence, and was elected Senator of Colombia for the 2002-2006 legislative period.

text:
# Rafael Pardo Rueda

**Rafael Pardo Rueda** (born 26 November 1953) is a Colombian politician. A Liberal party politician and economist, he has previously served as the 1st Minister of Labour of Colombia serving in the Administration of President Juan Manuel Santos Calderón, Minister of National Defence, and was elected Senator of Colombia for the 2002-2006 legislative period.

## Career

A 1994-1995 Fellow at the Weatherhead Centre for International Affairs of Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

He was the candidate of the Liberal Party for the 2010 Presidential Election.

On 31 October 2011, President Juan Manuel Santos Calderón announced the designation of Pardo as the head of the newly created Ministry of Labour, established as part of a wider Ministerial Cabinet Reform in order to fulfil some of his 2010 campaign promises.

In March 2014, President Santos appointed Minister Pardo as acting Mayor of Bogotá, a position he held until April of that year. Pardo is also a member of Washington D.C. based think tank The Inter-American Dialogue.

## Works

**Books**

* Pardo Rueda, Rafael (1996). *De Primera Mano: Colombia 1986-1994, Entre Conflictos y Esperanzas* \[*First Hand: Colombia 1986-1994, Between Conflicts and Hopes*\]. Literatura y ensayo (in Spanish). Bogotá: Norma Editorial. ISBN 978-958-04-3661-4. LCCN 97162511. OCLC 252955438.
* Pardo Rueda, Rafael (1999). *Nueva Seguridad Para América Latina* \[*New Security For Latin America*\]. Textos (in Spanish). Vol. 29. Bogotá: Friedrich Ebert Foundation of Colombia: CEREC. ISBN 978-958-9061-99-2. LCCN 00334863. OCLC 45698956.
* Pardo Rueda, Rafael (2001). *El Siglo Pasado* \[*The Last Century*\] (in Spanish). Bogotá: Colpatriañ CEREC. ISBN 978-958-8101-06-4. LCCN 2002393043. OCLC 48969250.
* Pardo Rueda, Rafael (2004). *La Historia de las Guerras* \[*History of Wars*\] (in Spanish). Bogotá: B. Colombia. ISBN 978-958-97405-5-2. LCCN 2005420183. OCLC 60841389.
* Pardo Rueda, Rafael (2007). *Fin del Paramilitarismo: ¿Es Posible Su Desmonte?* \[*The End of Paramilitarism: Is Its Decline Possible?*\] (in Spanish). Barcelona: Ediciones B. ISBN 978-958-8294-18-6. LCCN 2008415004. OCLC 190863961.
* Pardo Rueda, Rafael (2014). *Entre dos poderes (Tomo I): De cómo la guerra fría moldeó a América Latina* \[*Between two powers (Volume I): How the Cold War shaped Latin America*\] (in Spanish). Taurus Historia. ISBN 9789587587142.

**Other**

## InfoBox

| Rafael Pardo Rueda | |
| --- | --- |
| Pardo in 2016 | |
|  | |
| Minister of Labour | |
| **In office**
10 November 2011  7 August 2018 | |
| President | Juan Manuel Santos |
| Preceded by | *Position established* |
| Succeeded by | Alicia Arango |
| Acting Mayor of Bogotá | |
| **In office**
19 March 2014  21 April 2014 | |
| President | Juan Manuel Santos |
| Preceded by | Gustavo Petro |
| Succeeded by | María Mercedes Maldonado |
| Senator of Colombia | |
| **In office**
20 July 2002  20 July 2006 | |
| Minister of National Defence | |
| **In office**
7 August 1991  7 August 1994 | |
| President | César Gaviria |
| Preceded by | Oscar Botero Restrepo |
| Succeeded by | Fernando Botero Zea |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1953-11-26) 26 November 1953
Bogotá, D.C., Colombia |
| Political party | Liberal |
| Spouse | Claudia de Francisco (1980-present) |
| Children | Laura Pardo de Francisco
Cristina Pardo de Francisco
Alejandra Pardo de Francisco |
| Alma mater | University of the Andes (BA, 1977) |
| Profession | Economist |
| Website | www.rafaelpardo.com |
|  | |