title: Neue Galerie New York

abstract: The Neue Galerie New York is a museum of early twentieth-century German and Austrian art and design located in the William Starr Miller House at 86th Street and Fifth Avenue in New York City. Established in 2001, it is one of the most recent additions to New York City's famed Museum Mile, which runs from 83rd to 105th streets on Fifth Avenue in the Upper East Side of Manhattan.

text:
# Neue Galerie New York

The **Neue Galerie New York** (German for "New Gallery") is a museum of early twentieth-century German and Austrian art and design located in the William Starr Miller House at 86th Street and Fifth Avenue in New York City. Established in 2001, it is one of the most recent additions to New York City's famed Museum Mile, which runs from 83rd to 105th streets on Fifth Avenue in the Upper East Side of Manhattan.

## History

The museum was first conceived by two close friends: art dealer and museum exhibition organizer Serge Sabarsky, and entrepreneur, philanthropist, and art collector Ronald S. Lauder. The two men shared a passionate commitment to early twentieth-century German and Austrian art and design. They met in 1967, just before Sabarsky opened his Serge Sabarsky Gallery at 987 Madison Avenue. The gallery quickly earned a reputation as New York’s leading gallery for Austrian and German Expressionist art, and Lauder was a frequent visitor and client. Over the years, the two men discussed opening a museum to showcase the very best work from the period. When Sabarsky died in 1996, Lauder chose to carry on the task of creating Neue Galerie New York, as a tribute to his friend.

## Collection

The collection of the Neue Galerie is divided into two sections. The second floor of the museum houses works of fine art and decorative art from early twentieth-century Austria, including paintings by Gustav Klimt, Oskar Kokoschka, and Egon Schiele and decorative objects by the artisans of the Wiener Werkstaette and their contemporaries. The third floor exhibits various German works from the same era, including art movements such as *Der Blaue Reiter* (The Blue Rider), *Die Brücke* (The Bridge), and the Bauhaus. Featured artists on this floor include Wassily Kandinsky, Paul Klee, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Lyonel Feininger, Otto Dix, and George Grosz.

In 2006, Lauder purchased Klimt's painting *Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I* from Maria Altmann on behalf of the Neue Galerie. Citing a confidentiality agreement, Lauder would only confirm that the purchase price was more than the last record price of US$104.2 million US for Picasso's 1905 *Boy With a Pipe*. The press reported the price for the Klimt at US$135 million, which would make it at that time the most expensive painting ever sold. It has been on display at the museum since July 2006.

## Facility

The museum is housed in the former William Starr Miller House, a Louis XIII/Beaux-Arts structure located on the corner of Fifth Avenue and 86th Street. The Neue Galerie opened there on November 16, 2001. Selldorf Architects was responsible for the complete renovation and conversion into a museum. In addition to its gallery spaces, the museum also contains a bookstore, design shop, and two Viennese cafés, Café Sabarsky and Café Fledermaus.

## Café Sabarsky

Café Sabarsky, which bears the name of Neue Galerie co-founder Serge Sabarsky, draws inspiration from Viennese cafés. It is outfitted with period objects, including lighting fixtures by Josef Hoffmann, furniture by Adolf Loos, and banquettes that are upholstered with a 1912 Otto Wagner fabric. A Bösendorfer grand piano graces one corner of the Café, and is used for all cabaret, chamber, and classical music performances at the museum.

Café Sabarsky was operated by restaurateur Kurt Gutenbrunner until 2020.

## Management

As of April 2020, the museum is headed by President and founder Ronald S. Lauder as well as an advisory Board of Trustees. Since the museum's opening it has been led by Renée Price, Director, who was born in Vienna, Austria, and was formerly the Director of the Serge Sabarsky Gallery.

## Past exhibitions

* **Madame d'Ora** opened on February 20, 2020, and ran through March 12, 2020. The exhibition's run-time was cut short by the closing of the museum due to the worldwide Covid-19 Pandemic. This show was curated by Dr. Monika Faber and featured the work of the photographer Madame d'Ora otherwise known as Dora Kallmus.
* **Ernst Ludwig Kirchner** opened on October 3, 2019, and ran through January 13, 2020. This exhibition featured the work of Ernst Ludwig Kirchner and was organized by Neue Galerie and co-curated by Jill Lloyd and Janis Staggs.
* **Eclipse of the Sun: Art of the Weimar Republic** opened on May 23, 2019, and ran through September 2, 2019. This exhibition featured George Grosz’s monumental 1926 painting *Eclipse of the Sun*, which was on special loan from the Heckscher Museum of Art in Huntington, New York.
* **The Self-Portrait, From Schiele to Beckmann** opened on February 28, 2019, and ran through June 24, 2019. This exhibition featured works primarily from Austria and Germany made between 1900 and 1945. There were approximately 70 self-portraits by more than 30 artists, loans from public and private collections worldwide.
* **Focus: Wiener Werkstätte Jewelry** opened on October 4, 2018, and ran through May 13, 2019.
* **Gustav Klimt and Egon Schiele 1918 Centenary** opened on June 28, 2018, and ran through January 21, 2019.
* **Franz Marc and August Macke: 1909-1914** opened on October 4, 2018, and ran through January 21, 2019. This exhibition featured approximately 70 paintings and works on paper by Franz Marc and August Macke, loans from public and private collections worldwide.
* **Before the Fall: German and Austrian Art of the 1930s** opened on March 8, 2018, and ran through May 28, 2018. The exhibition was organized by Dr. Olaf Peters, University Professor at Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, and served as the third show in a trilogy of exhibitions curated by Peters that focused on German history. The first of these three shows, "Degenerate Art: The Attack on Modern Art in Nazi Germany 1937," organized in 2014, examined the infamous traveling exhibition "Entartete Kunst" mounted by the National Socialist regime. The exhibition was an enormous popular and critical success. The second show, "Berlin Metropolis: 1918-1933" on view in 2015, explored the critical role played by the city of Berlin in the growth of modern culture.
* **Wiener Werkstätte 1903-1932: The Luxury of Beauty** opened on October 26, 2017, and ran through January 29, 2018. This exhibition was a major retrospective devoted to the Wiener Werkstätte and was curated by Dr. Christian Witt-Dörring, Curator of Decorative Arts for Neue Galerie New York.
* **Richard Gerstl** opened on June 29, 2017, and ran through September 25, 2017. This exhibition was the first museum retrospective in the United States devoted to the work of the Austrian Expressionist Richard Gerstl and featured approximately 55 paintings and works on paper, including portraits, frontal nude figures, highly gestural group portraits, landscapes, and comparative works by Gerstl’s artistic contemporaries.
* **Alexei Jawlensky** opened on February 16, 2017, and ran through May 29, 2017. This exhibition was the first full museum retrospective in the United States devoted to the work of the Russian-born Expressionist artist Alexei Jawlensky.
* **Klimt and the Women of Vienna's Golden Age, 1900-1918** opened on September 22, 2016, and ran through January 16, 2017. The exhibition was organized by Gustav Klimt scholar Dr. Tobias G. Natter and featured 12 paintings, 40 drawings, 40 works of decorative art, and vintage photographs of Klimt, drawn from public and private collections worldwide.
* **German Advertising Posters of the Early 20th Century** opened on October 22, 2015, and ran through September 5, 2016.
* **Munch and Expressionism** opened on February 18, 2016, and ran through June 13, 2016. This exhibition examined Edvard Munch’s influence on his German and Austrian contemporaries, as well as their influence upon him. The Neue Galerie was the sole venue for the exhibition and was organized in partnership with The Munch Museum, Oslo.
* **The Expressionist Nude** opened on February 18, 2016, and ran through June 13, 2016. The show was organized by Janis Staggs, Director of Curatorial and Manager of Publications at Neue Galerie New York.
* **Berlin Metropolis: 1918-1933** opened on October 1, 2015, and ran through January 4, 2016. The exhibition was organized by Dr. Olaf Peters, Professor of Art History at the Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, and was devoted to the art of Berlin during the Weimar period.
* **Gustav Klimt and Adele Bloch-Bauer: The Woman in Gold** opened on April 2, 2015, and ran through September 7, 2015. This exhibition coincides with the opening of the historical drama "Woman in Gold," starring Helen Mirren as Adele Bloch-Bauer's niece Maria Altmann, and Ryan Reynolds as lawyer Randol Schoenberg. The Weinstein Company released the film in U.S. theaters on April 3, 2015.
* **Russian Modernism: Cross-Currents of German and Russian Art, 1907-1917** opened on May 14, 2015, and ran through August 31, 2015. This is the first exhibition at an American museum to focus exclusively on the important artistic links between these two countries, featuring works by artists Natalia Goncharova, Erich Heckel, Alexei von Jawlensky, Vasily Kandinsky, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Mikhail Larionov, and Gabriele Münter, among others.
* **Egon Schiele: Portraits** opened on October 9, 2014, and ran through April 20, 2015. This was the first exhibition at an American museum to focus exclusively on portraiture in Egon Schiele's work.
* **Degenerate Art: The Attack on Modern Art in Nazi Germany, 1937** opened on March 13, 2014, and ran through September 1, 2014. This exhibition was the first major U.S. museum exhibition devoted to the infamous display of modern art by the Nazis since the 1991 presentation at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.
* **Posters of the Vienna Secession, 1898-1918** opened on February 20, 2014, and ran through September 1, 2014.
* **Vasily Kandinsky: From the Blaue Reiter to the Bauhaus, 1910-1925** opened on October 3, 2013, and ran through February 10 2014. The exhibition featured over 80 works, including large-scale paintings, rare drawings, and decorative objects. These were drawn from the permanent collection of the Neue Galerie, and augmented by major loans from The Museum of Modern Art, The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, Fondation Beyeler, Walker Art Center, and Centre Georges Pompidou.
* **The Modern Poster in Germany** opened on October 3, 2013, and ran through February 10, 2014. This exhibition featured over thirty posters from the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, including work by Lucian Bernhard, Thomas Theodor Heine, Ludwig Hohlwein, Julius Klinger, Johann Thorn-Prikker, and Oskar Schlemmer.
* **Koloman Moser: Designing Modern Vienna 1897-1907** opened on May 23, 2013, and ran through September 2, 2013. This retrospective of the work of Koloman Moser was curated by Dr. Christian Witt-Dörring, Curator of Decorative Arts for Neue Galerie New York. This exhibition was co-organized by the Neue Galerie New York and the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, TX.
* **German and Austrian Decorative Arts from the Jugendstil to the Bauhaus: the Harry C. Sigman Gift** opened on February 27, 2013, and ran through April 23, 2013. This exhibition featured a major gift of over 100 works of German and Austrian decorative arts from Los Angeles-based attorney and collector Harry C. Sigman.
* **Ferdinand Hodler: View to Infinity** opened on September 20, 2012, and ran through January 7, 2013. At the time, this exhibition was the largest American exhibition devoted to the Swiss artist, Ferdinand Hodler. The exhibition included 65 paintings and 20 drawings from both public and private collections worldwide, as well as furniture designed by Josef Hoffmann for the Hodler apartment. The Musée d’art et d’histoire in Geneva was responsible for the loan of the drawings.
* **Gustav Klimt: 150th Anniversary Celebration** opened on May 24, 2012, and ran through August 27, 2012.
* **Heinrich Kuehn and his American Circle: Alfred Stieglitz and Edward Steichen** opened on April 26, 2012, and ran through August 27, 2012. This exhibition focused on the work of the Austrian photographer Heinrich Kuehn. The organizing curator for the project was Dr. Monika Faber.
* **The Ronald S. Lauder Collection: Selections from the 3rd Century BC to the 20th Century/Germany, Austria, and France** opened on October 27, 2011, and ran through April 2, 2012. The exhibition focused on six areas: medieval art, arms and armor, Old Master paintings, 19th- and 20th-century drawings, fine and decorative art of Vienna 1900, and modern and contemporary art. Among the artists represented were Joseph Beuys, Constantin Brancusi, Paul Cézanne, Vasily Kandinsky, Anselm Kiefer, Gustav Klimt, Henri Matisse, Pablo Picasso, and Gerhard Richter.
* **Vienna 1900: Style and Identity** opened on February 24, 2011, and ran through August 8, 2011. The show was curated by Christian Witt-Dörring and Jill Lloyd and featured works by artists Gustav Klimt, Oskar Kokoschka, and Egon Schiele, as well as furniture by architects Otto Wagner and Adolf Loos, and decorative artists Josef Hoffmann and Koloman Moser.
* **Postcards of the Wiener Werkstätte: Selections from the Leonard A. Lauder Collection** opened on October 7, 2010, and ran through January 17, 2011. This was the first major museum exhibition ever held in the United States devoted exclusively to the postcards produced by the Wiener Werkstätte. The show was drawn exclusively from The Leonard A. Lauder Collection and coincided with a gift to the Neue Galerie of nearly 1,000 postcards produced by the Wiener Werkstätte from 1907-1920.
* **Franz Xaver Messerschmidt 1736-1783: From Neoclassicism to Expressionism** opened on September 16, 2010, and ran through January 10, 2011. This was the first exhibition in the United States devoted exclusively to Franz Xaver Messerschmidt. The exhibition is organized by Guilhem Scherf, chief curator of sculpture at the Musée du Louvre. After its debut at the Neue Galerie, the show traveled to the Louvre, where it was on view from January 26, 2011, to April 25, 2011. This was the first collaboration between the Neue Galerie and the Louvre.
* **Otto Dix** opened on March 11, 2010, and ran through August 30, 2010. This was the first solo museum exhibition of works by Otto Dix ever held in North America. Organized by Olaf Peters, Professor of Modern Art History and Art Theory at the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, the show premiered at the Neue Galerie, then traveled to the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts.
* **From Klimt to Klee: Masterworks from the Serge Sabarsky Collection** opened on October 15, 2009, and ran through February 15, 2010. The exhibition presented works from the Sabarsky Collection, founded by Serge Sabarsky, with examples by Austrian artists Gustav Klimt, Egon Schiele, and Oskar Kokoschka, and German artists Max Beckmann, Otto Dix, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, among many others.
* **Focus: Oskar Kokoschka** opened on July 16, 2009, and ran through October 5, 2009. The exhibition presented eight portrait paintings and over 80 works on paper by the artist from the collection of the Neue Galerie.
* **Brücke: The Birth of Expressionism, 1905–1913** opened on February 26, 2009, and ran through June 29, 2009. Featuring more than 100 paintings, sculptures, and works on paper, it was the first major exhibition in the United States to focus on the pioneering artists of the Expressionist group known as the Brücke. The show was organized by Reinhold Heller, a Neue Galerie board member and internationally recognized scholar of German Expressionism. The Neue Galerie was the sole venue for the show.
* **Alfred Kubin: Drawings, 1897–1909** opened September 25, 2008, and ran through January 26, 2009. It was the first museum exhibition of the macabre works of Austrian artist Alfred Kubin ever held in the United States. The show was organized by Annegret Hoberg, curator of the Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus, Munich, and it included more than 100 of Kubin's earliest works on paper.
* **Gustav Klimt: The Ronald S. Lauder and Serge Sabarsky Collections** opened October 18, 2007, and ran through June 30, 2008 and it filled all the gallery spaces in the museum. Featuring highlights from the private collections of the museum's cofounders, it comprised eight paintings and over 120 works on paper by the Austrian avant-garde artist Gustav Klimt. The show also included an installation of the original furniture from the receiving parlor of Klimt’s studio at Josefstädter Strasse 21, and a recreation of one of Klimt’s masterpieces, the *Beethoven Frieze*.
* **Ernst Ludwig Kirchner: Berlin Street Scene** opened July 26, 2007, and ran through September 17, 2007. It was an exhibition focusing on a painting by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, which was restituted to Anita Halpin in November 2006 and which joined the collection of the Neue Galerie at the beginning of the summer of 2007. In addition to *Berlin Street Scene*, the exhibition featured a Kirchner sculpture, *Standing Girl, Karyatide* (1909–10), as well as a selection of paintings and works on paper that survey Berlin during the period; by Kirchner, Otto Dix, George Grosz, and Christian Schad.
* **Van Gogh and Expressionism** opened March 22, 2007, and ran through July 2, 2007. It explored the crucial influence of Vincent van Gogh on German and Austrian Expressionism. More than 80 paintings and drawings were on view, including a number of major canvases by Van Gogh, as well as important paintings by Gustav Klimt, Egon Schiele, Oskar Kokoschka, Alexej von Jawlensky, Franz Marc, Wassily Kandinsky, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Emil Nolde, and others. This exhibition, organized by curator Jill Lloyd, the well-known scholar of Expressionism, filled all the gallery spaces in the museum.

* Anne-Marie O'Connor. The Lady in Gold: The Extraordinary Tale of Gustav Klimt's Masterpiece, Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer. Alfred A. Knopf, New York 2012, ISBN 0307265641

## InfoBox

Neue Galerie New York
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location of The Neue Galerie in New York City | |
| Established | November 16, 2001 |
| Location | 1048 5th Avenue and 86th Street, Manhattan, New York |
| Coordinates | 40°46′53″N 73°57′37″W / 40.7813°N 73.9603°W / 40.7813; -73.9603 |
| Director | Renée Price |
| Public transit access | **Subway**:  at 86th Street<br>**Bus**: M1, M2, M3, M4, M86 |
| Website | Neue Galerie |


abstract: The 1918–19 Yale Bulldogs men's ice hockey season was the 24th season of play for the program.

text:
# 1918–19 Yale Bulldogs men's ice hockey season

The **1918–19 Yale Bulldogs men's ice hockey season** was the 24th season of play for the program.

## Season

After the armistice was signed in November 1918, many prospective college students began returning to the US. This allowed many universities to begin restarting their athletic programs. Yale was one of the few teams to have officially existed during the war but, despite that advantage, the Elis still had a great deal of difficulty in the spring semester. The agreement with the New Haven Arena had ended and the Bulldogs no longer had a permanent home. Additionally, many schools were not ready to field teams until February at the earliest, and even then only a few games were scheduled for most programs.

As a consequence, Yale played just two games during the season. They were, however, against the Elis' two biggest rivals at the time, providing some measure of normalcy for the student body.

With so few games, the team did not employ a coach for the season. As of 2020 this is the final season in which the Bulldogs did not have an official head coach. E. Harvey Cushing served as team manager instead.

## Roster

| No. | S/P/C | Player | Class | Pos | Height | Weight | DoB | Hometown | Previous team |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | **Robert Carson III** | Sophomore |  | 5' 5" (1.65 m) | 125 lb (57 kg) |  |  |  |
|  |  | **Lawrence Foster** | Sophomore | LW |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **David S. Ingalls** () | Junior | / | 6' 0" (1.83 m) | 170 lb (77 kg) | 1899-01-28 | Cleveland, Ohio | St. Paul's School |
|  |  | **Howard M. Newton** | Graduate |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **Malcolm Oakes** | Junior |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **Victor Poindexter** | Junior |  | 5' 10" (1.78 m) | 145 lb (66 kg) |  |  |  |
|  |  | **Joseph W. Sargent** | Junior | RW | 5' 10.5" (1.79 m) | 150 lb (68 kg) |  |  |  |
|  |  | **Nelson J. Smith** | Junior |  | 5' 9" (1.75 m) | 150 lb (68 kg) |  | Syracuse, New York |  |
|  |  | **Clarence S. Walton** | Senior | LW | 5' 9" (1.75 m) | 165 lb (75 kg) |  |  |  |
|  |  | **W. Welles** | Junior |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **C. Williams** | Junior | RW |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **Douglas R. Wilson** | Junior |  | 5' 7.5" (1.71 m) | 140 lb (64 kg) | 1898-01-26 |  |  |

## Standings

|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Intercollegiate | | | | | | |  | Overall | | | | | |
| | GP | W | L | T | PCT. | GF | GA | | GP | W | L | T | GF | GA |
| Army | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | **.000** | 2 | 6 |  | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 9 |
| Assumption |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Boston College | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | **.500** | 7 | 9 |  | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 9 |
| Hamilton |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 |  |  |
| Harvard | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | **1.000** | 18 | 5 |  | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 10 |
| Massachusetts Agricultural | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | **.667** | 2 | 0 |  | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Princeton | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | **.000** | 3 | 13 |  | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 13 |
| Rensselaer | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | **.000** | 1 | 4 |  | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| Williams | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | **.000** | 0 | 2 |  | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Yale | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | **.500** | 7 | 5 |  | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 5 |
| YMCA College |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

## Schedule and Results

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Record |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Regular Season | | | | | | | | | | | |
| February 8 | vs. Harvard* | Brooklyn Ice Palace • Brooklyn, New York | **L** 1–4 | 0–1–0 |
| February 15 | vs. Princeton* | Brooklyn Ice Palace • Brooklyn, New York | **W** 6–1 | 1–1–0 |
| \*Non-conference game. | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 1918–19 Yale Bulldogs
men's ice hockey season | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Record | |
| Overall | 1–1–0 |
| Neutral | 1–1–0 |
| Coaches and captains | |
| Captain(s) | David Ingalls |
| **Yale Bulldogs men's ice hockey seasons**
« 1917–18 1919–20 » | |


title: New Caledonian storm petrel

abstract: The New Caledonian storm petrel is a species of bird in the family Oceanitidae.

text:
# New Caledonian storm petrel

The **New Caledonian storm petrel** (***Fregetta lineata***) is a species of bird in the family Oceanitidae.

## Distribution and habitat

It is an endemic breeder to New Caledonia, and has a wider nonbreeding range throughout the Coral Sea and the South Pacific, as far east as the Marquesas.

At-sea observations continue to occur of the east coast of Australia, however the location of a breeding colony is yet to be discovered. On 26 September 2014, a juvenile *F. lineata* was discovered on the shore of mainland New Caledonia, in an inhabited area. This is the only definite record of *F. lineata* on land and indicates a likely nearby breeding location.

## Taxonomy

Described in 1848, the New Caledonian storm petrel, alongside the closely related New Zealand storm petrel (*F. maoriana*) which shares a similar streaked coloration, was long thought to merely be an aberrant member of another storm petrel species. The recognition of the New Zealand storm petrel as a valid species prompted a reevaluation of the New Caledonian storm petrel, and it was thus revived as a distinct species in 2022. It is thought to be critically endangered, with an adult population of only 100 - 1,000 pairs.

## InfoBox

| New Caledonian storm petrel | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Procellariiformes |
| Family: | Oceanitidae |
| Genus: | *Fregetta* |
| Species: | ***F. lineata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Fregetta lineata***<br>(Peale, 1848) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Pealea lineata* (Ridgway, 1886) | |


title: Mr Gay Europe

abstract: Mr Gay Europe is a male competition for gay Europeans about important LGBTQIA+ themes. Every year a new Mr. Gay Europe will be crowned, who will be an ambassador for the LGBTQIA+ community. It was founded by its former President, Morten Rudå and its current President, Tore Aasheim; and was hosted for the first time in 2005.

text:
# Mr Gay Europe

**Mr Gay Europe** is a male competition for gay Europeans about important LGBTQIA+ themes. Every year a new Mr. Gay Europe will be crowned, who will be an ambassador for the LGBTQIA+ community. It was founded by its former President, Morten Rudå and its current President, Tore Aasheim; and was hosted for the first time in 2005.

## History

In 2005, the competition was held in Oslo, Norway and the winner was Alexander van Kempen from the Netherlands. The following year, Amsterdam was the host city.

In 2006 at Amsterdam, Nandor Gyongyosi of Hungary won the title.

Mr Gay Europe Contest 2007 was held in Budapest, August 5, as part of Pride Island Europa, Central and Eastern Europe's largest new International GLBTQ celebration. The winner was Germany's Jackson Netto.

In 2008, again in Budapest, the competition was won by Spain's Antonio Pedro Almijez.

In 2009, the competition was held in Oslo and won by Spain's Sergio Lara. In 2010, the competition was supposed to be in Geneva, Switzerland, but was cancelled. In 2011 the competition was in Braşov, Romania. The 2010/2011 winner was Giulio Spatola, from Palermo (Italy).

In 2012, the competition was held in Rome, Italy and won by Miguel Ortiz from Spain.

In 2013, the event was held in Prague and Robbie O'Bara of Ireland won Mr Gay Europe 2013. Robbie is originally from Canada of Canadian/Japanese descent and has returned to that country to start practising as a medical doctor.

In 2014, the competition was held in Austria (14 of June, Bregenz). For the first time in MGE history, the contest took the delegates on a journey through the hosting country. The finale took place in the Bregenzer Festspielhaus. Mr Gay Europe 2014 title goes home to Scandinavia with Jack Johansson of Sweden. The judging panel included Tore Aasheim, the president of Mr. Gay Europe, and Coenie Kukkuk, the Director Africa & Middle East of Mr. Gay World.

In 2015, the competition was cancelled but was rescheduled to be held in Sweden and Norway 29. July to 7. August 2016, starting in Stockholm with the Pride Parade, before journeying west to Trondheim and Oslo. Belgium’s Raf Van Puymbroeck took home the title of Mr Gay Europe 2016.

In 2017, the competition was held in Stockholm, Sweden and won by Matt Rood from England.

In 2018, the competition was held in Warsaw and Poznan in Poland, and was won by Enrique Doleschy from Germany.

## Previous winners

| Year | Delegate | From | Venue |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2005 | Alexander van Kempen | Netherlands | Oslo, Norway |
| 2006 | Nándi Gyöngyösi | Hungary | Amsterdam, Netherlands |
| 2007 | Jackson Netto | Germany | Budapest, Hungary |
| 2008 | Antonio Pedro Almijez | Spain | Budapest, Hungary |
| 2009 | Sergio Lara | Spain | Oslo, Norway |
| 2011 | Giulio Spatola | Italy | Poiana Brașov, Romania |
| 2012 | Miguel Ortiz | Spain | Rome, Italy |
| 2013 | Robbie O'Bara | Ireland | Prague, Czech Republic |
| 2014 | Jack Johansson | Sweden | Bregenz, Austria |
| 2016 | Raf Van Puymbroeck | Belgium | Oppdal, Norway |
| 2017 | Matt Rood | England | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 2018 | Enrique Doleschy | Germany | Poznań, Poland |
| 2019 | Alexander Petrov | Bulgaria | Cologne, Germany |
| 2022 | Paul Dennison | England | Alnwick Castle, England |
| 2023 | Tim Küsters | Netherlands | Alnwick Castle, England |

## Results

### 2005 in Oslo

| Country | Contestant | Age | Height | Title |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Austria** | Aaron Michael Jackson | 32 | 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in) |  |
| **Bulgaria** | Ivan Penev | 23 | 1.79 m (5 ft 10+12 in) |  |
| **Denmark** | Hugues Maxime Germany | 37 | 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) |  |
| **Estonia** | Urmas Külama | 25 | 1.84 m (6 ft 12 in) |  |
| **Germany** | Suat Bahçeci | 19 | 1.74 m (5 ft 8+12 in) |  |
| **Hungary** | Kyan Smith | 21 | 1.87 m (6 ft 1+12 in) |  |
| **Italy** | Alessandro Tamburrino | 22 | 1.87 m (6 ft 1+12 in) |  |
| **Lapland** | Erik Berg | 21 | 173 |  |
| **Latvia** | Normunds Beinerts | 22 | 1.84 m (6 ft 12 in) |  |
| **Netherlands** | Alexander van Kempen | 20 | 1.81 m (5 ft 11+12 in) | **Mr Gay Europe 2005** |
| **Norway** | David Thorkildsen | 20 | 1.81 m (5 ft 11+12 in) |  |
| **Sweden** | Jörgen Tenor | 20 | 1.84 m (6 ft 12 in) |  |
| **Switzerland** | Sven Müller | 26 | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) |  |

### 2006 in Amsterdam

| Country | Contestant | Age | Height | Title |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Austria** | Aaron Michael Jackson | 33 | 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in) |  |
| **Belgium** | Bart Hesters | 20 | 1.82 m (5 ft 11+12 in) |  |
| **Bulgaria** | Vassil Nikolov | 20 | 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) |  |
| **Denmark** | Mikkel Svarre | 29 | 1.77 m (5 ft 9+12 in) |  |
| **France** | Jules | 24 | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) |  |
| **Gran Canaria** | Edgar González | 26 | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) |  |
| **Hungary** | Nándi Gyöngyösi | 29 | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) | **Mr Gay Europe 2006** |
| **Ireland** | Keith Kearney | 25 | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) |  |
| **Italy** | Salvatore Carfora | 22 | 1.82 m (5 ft 11+12 in) |  |
| **Lapland** | Tobias Johansson | 26 | 1.79 m (5 ft 10+12 in) |  |
| **Lithuania** | Liūtas Balčiūnas | 21 | 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) |  |
| **Macedonia** | Ivica M. | 21 | 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) |  |
| **Netherlands** | Joep Mesman | 24 | 1.81 m (5 ft 11+12 in) |  |
| **Norway** | Olav Hanto | 31 | 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) |  |
| **Russia** | Nikita Kutuzoff | 24 | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) |  |
| **Sweden** | Henrik Lindholm | 19 | 1.97 m (6 ft 5+12 in) |  |
| **Wales** | Matthew Jones | 34 | 1.87 m (6 ft 1+12 in) |  |

### 2007 in Budapest

| Country | Contestant | Age | Height | Title |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Azerbaijan** | Sadikh Ragimov | 19 | 1.69 m (5 ft 6+12 in) |  |
| **Belgium** | Jens Taghon | 19 | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) |  |
| **Bulgaria** | Ivo Krustev | 29 | 1.81 m (5 ft 11+12 in) |  |
| **Denmark** | Mikkel Svarre | 30 | 1.77 m (5 ft 9+12 in) |  |
| **France** | Yori Bailleres | 23 | 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) |  |
| **Gran Canaria** | Leonardo Luíz Murilo | 19 | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) |  |
| **Germany** | Jackson Netto | 25 | 1.77 m (5 ft 9+12 in) | **Mr Gay Europe 2007** |
| **Hungary** | Deam Ladányi | 24 | 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) |  |
| **Ireland** | John Rice | 23 | 1.82 m (5 ft 11+12 in) | 2nd Runner-Up |
| **Israel** | Shachar Eyal | 25 | 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) |  |
| **Italy** | Diego Gerolimi | 23 | 1.87 m (6 ft 1+12 in) |  |
| **Lapland** | Thor-Kjetil Sundbakk | 29 | 1.65 m (5 ft 5 in) |  |
| **Macedonia** | Kiko | 21 | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) |  |
| **Moldova** | Eugeniu | 24 | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) |  |
| **Netherlands** | Stefan Onland | 19 | 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) |  |
| **Northern Ireland** | Mikey Robinson | 21 | 1.74 m (5 ft 8+12 in) |  |
| **Norway** | Marius Svela | 20 | 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in) |  |
| **Poland** | Przemysław Rogacki | 22 | 1.82 m (5 ft 11+12 in) |  |
| **Portugal** | José Marques | 23 | 170 |  |
| **Romania** | Emanuel | 25 | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) |  |
| **Serbia** | Blagoje Bjeloglav | 24 | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) |  |
| **Slovenia** | Lev Dermota | 24 | 1.90 m (6 ft 3 in) |  |
| **Spain** | José Luís Fuster Genovart | 24 | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) |  |
| **United Kingdom** | Mark E. Carter | 24 | 1.81 m (5 ft 11+12 in) | 1st Runner-Up |

### 2008 in Budapest

| Country | Contestant | Age | Height | Title |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Austria** | Michael Fröhle | 24 | 1.77 m (5 ft 9+12 in) |  |
| **Belgium** | Lionel Grégoire | 23 | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) |  |
| **Bulgaria** | Deyan Kolev | 28 | 1.76 m (5 ft 9+12 in) | 2nd Runner-Up |
| **Czech Republic** | Jakub Starý | 22 | 1.87 m (6 ft 1+12 in) |  |
| **Gran Canaria** | Dempsey | 26 | 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in) |  |
| **Hungary** | Péter Gyökeres | 21 | 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) |  |
| **Iceland** | Hreinn Erlingsson | 22 | 1.71 m (5 ft 7+12 in) |  |
| **Ireland** | Barry Meegan | 29 | 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in) |  |
| **Italy** | Fabrizio Caiazza | 33 | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) |  |
| **Lithuania** | Vipas Burnickis | 20 | 1.79 m (5 ft 10+12 in) |  |
| **Malta** | Steve Grech | 27 | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) | 1st Runner-Up |
| **Netherlands** | Stefan Onland | 20 | 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in) |  |
| **Northern Ireland** | Graeme Williamson | 25 | 1.91 m (6 ft 3 in) |  |
| **Norway** | Kai Thomas Ryen Larsen | 21 | 1.79 m (5 ft 10+12 in) |  |
| **Portugal** | Paulo Almeida | 33 | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) |  |
| **Romania** | Alex Ocros | 22 | 1.77 m (5 ft 9+12 in) |  |
| **Russia** | Andrey Vernadsky | 26 | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) |  |
| **Serbia** | Ivan Maljukanović | 19 | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) |  |
| **Slovak Republic** | Robert Pusztai | 18 | 1.81 m (5 ft 11+12 in) |  |
| **Slovenia** | Lev Dermota | 26 | 1.90 m (6 ft 3 in) |  |
| **Spain** | Antonio Pedro Almijez | 22 | 1.77 m (5 ft 9+12 in) | **Mr Gay Europe 2008** |
| **Sweden** | Joachim Brattfjord Corneliusson | 21 | 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) |  |
| **Wales** | Matthew Jones | 36 | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) |  |

### 2009 in Oslo

| Country | Contestant | Age | Height | Title |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Belarus** | Andrei Charkas | 23 | 1.82 m (5 ft 11+12 in) |  |
| **Belgium** | Cédric Fievey | 26 | 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) |  |
| **Bulgaria** | Radoslav Iliev | 22 | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) |  |
| **Czech Republic** | Martin Miko | 23 | 1.92 m (6 ft 3+12 in) |  |
| **Denmark & Øresund** | Mitchel Nebelong-Ibsen | 20 | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) |  |
| **Estonia** | Madis Räästas | 28 | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) |  |
| **Germany** | Dominic Meury | 23 | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) |  |
| **Iceland** | Magnus Jonsson | 24 | 1.84 m (6 ft 12 in) | 1st Runner-Up |
| **Ireland** | Jason Masterson | 23 | 1.65 m (5 ft 5 in) | 2nd Runner-Up |
| **Italy** | Antony Cortinovis | 24 | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) |  |
| **Netherlands** | Jeffrey Zevenbergen | 27 | 1.90 m (6 ft 3 in) |  |
| **Northern Ireland** | James Smallman | 23 | 1.76 m (5 ft 9+12 in) |  |
| **Norway** | Walter Heidkampf | 49 | 1.84 m (6 ft 12 in) |  |
| **Palestine** | *Information redacted for security* | | |  |
| **Poland** | Kamil Szmerdt | 21 | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) |  |
| **Portugal** | André Caldeira Rodrigues | 32 | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) |  |
| **Romania** | Andy Claudiu Postica | 22 | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) |  |
| **Russia** | David Baramia | 24 | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) |  |
| **Slovak Republic** | Roman Vašek | 21 | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) |  |
| **Slovenia** | Robert Kulovec Mueller | 29 | 1.82 m (5 ft 11+12 in) |  |
| **Spain** | Sergio Lara | 26 | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) | **Mr Gay Europe 2009** |
| **Sweden** | Mirza Muhic | 28 | 1.82 m (5 ft 11+12 in) |  |
| **Switzerland** | Ricco Müller | 24 | 1.74 m (5 ft 8+12 in) |  |
| **Turkey** | Halil Adem Said | 25 | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) |  |

### 2011 in Poiana Brașov

| Country | Contestant | Age | Height | Title |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Bulgaria** | Stanislav Tanchev | 36 |  |  |
| **France** | Guillaume Barbier | 27 | 1.90 m (6 ft 3 in) |  |
| **Iceland** | Simon Cramer Larsen | 26 | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) |  |
| **Ireland** | Barry Francis Gouldsbury | 27 | 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) | 2nd Runner-Up |
| **Italy** | Giulio Spatola | 26 | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) | **Mr Gay Europe 2011** |
| **Norway** | Snorre Andreassen | 36 |  |  |
| **Romania** | Nicu Manea | 32 | 1.72 m (5 ft 7+12 in) |  |
| **Russia** | Ramin Ismailov | 20 | 1.81 m (5 ft 11+12 in) |  |
| **Sweden** | Christo Willesen | 25 | 1.81 m (5 ft 11+12 in) | 1st Runner-Up |
| **Turkey** | Aleydin Aliyev | 22 | 1.69 m (5 ft 6+12 in) |  |

### 2012 in Rome

| Country | Contestant | Age | Height | Title |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Austria** | Joachim Trauner | 29 | 1.81 m (5 ft 11+12 in) |  |
| **Belarus** | Aleksandr Korik | 24 | 1.76 m (5 ft 9+12 in) |  |
| **Bulgaria** | Chavdar Arsov | 25 | 1.76 m (5 ft 9+12 in) |  |
| **Cyprus** | Kiri Spanos | 24 | 1.84 m (6 ft 12 in) |  |
| **Czech Republic** | Tomáš Frýda | 24 | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) |  |
| **Denmark** | Jobbe Joller | 23 | 1.79 m (5 ft 10+12 in) |  |
| **Estonia** | Vadim Firsa | 22 | 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) |  |
| **Finland** | Janne Tiilikainen | 26 | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) |  |
| **France** | Remy Frejaville | 31 | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) |  |
| **Germany** | Chris Janik | 35 | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) |  |
| **Greece** | Argyrios Stelios Christakis | 29 | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) |  |
| **Ireland** | Steven Baitson | 22 | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) |  |
| **Italy** | Nicholas Menna | 27 | 1.84 m (6 ft 12 in) | 2nd Runner-Up |
| **Malta** | Steve Grech | 31 | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) | 1st Runner-Up |
| **Northern Ireland** | Daniel Hegarty | 21 | 1.91 m (6 ft 3 in) |  |
| **Norway** | Sebastian Okshovd | 22 | 1.65 m (5 ft 5 in) |  |
| **Slovak Republic** | Martin Lhota | 21 | 1.68 m (5 ft 6 in) |  |
| **Spain** | Miguel Ortiz | 19 | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) | **Mr Gay Europe 2012** |
| **Sweden** | Erik da Silva | 26 | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) |  |
| **Switzerland** | Stephan Bitterlin | 43 | 1.76 m (5 ft 9+12 in) |  |
| **Turkey** | Denis Hamdi | 25 | 1.76 m (5 ft 9+12 in) |  |

### 2013 in Prague

| Country | Contestant | Age | Height | Title |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Austria** | Patrick Santos | 24 | 1.84 m (6 ft 12 in) |  |
| **Belgium** | Tom Goris | 34 | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) |  |
| **Bulgaria** | Yanislav Pavlov | 32 | 1.79 m (5 ft 10+12 in) |  |
| **Czech Republic** | Marek Zly | 34 | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) |  |
| **Denmark** | Michael Sinan | 35 | 1.81 m (5 ft 11+12 in) |  |
| **Finland** | Aleks Vehkala | 19 | 1.82 m (5 ft 11+12 in) |  |
| **France** | Armando Santos | 26 | 1.76 m (5 ft 9+12 in) |  |
| **Germany** | Marcel Ohrner | 30 | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) |  |
| **Ireland** | Robbie O'Bara | 26 | 1.89 m (6 ft 2+12 in) | **Mr Gay Europe 2013** |
| **Italy** | Alessio Cuvello | 25 | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) |  |
| **Netherlands** | Bobby de Vries | 18 | 1.84 m (6 ft 12 in) |  |
| **Northern Ireland** | Conor O’Kane | 20 | 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) |  |
| **Slovakia** | Jozef Hulina | 26 | 1.84 m (6 ft 12 in) |  |
| **Spain** | Edgar Moreno | 34 | 1.81 m (5 ft 11+12 in) |  |
| **Sweden** | Fritiof Teodor Ingelhammar | 20 | 1.87 m (6 ft 1+12 in) | 2nd Runner-Up |
| **Switzerland** | Luis Bonfiglio | 25 | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) |  |
| **United Kingdom** | Leroy Williamson | 28 | 1.87 m (6 ft 1+12 in) | 1st Runner-Up |

### 2014 in Bregenz

| Country | Contestant | Age | Height | Title |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Austria** | Robert Prolic | 23 | 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in) | 1st Runner-Up |
| **Belgium** | David Joest | 34 | 1.87 m (6 ft 1+12 in) |  |
| **Bulgaria** | Georgi Todorov | 31 | 1.76 m (5 ft 9+12 in) |  |
| **Cyprus** | Kiriakos Spanos | 25 | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) |  |
| **Czech Republic** | Michal | 29 |  |  |
| **Denmark** | Christian-Sebastian | 24 | 175 | 3rd Runner-Up |
| **France** | Olivier Croft | 31 | 1.84 m (6 ft 12 in) |  |
| **Germany** | Fabrice | 22 | 1.84 m (6 ft 12 in) |  |
| **Ireland** | Robbie Lawlor | 23 | 1.81 m (5 ft 11+12 in) |  |
| **Lithuania** | Minde | 28 | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) |  |
| **Northern Ireland** | Nick Flanagan | 22 | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) | 4th Runner-Up |
| **Poland** | Conrad Filas | 26 | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) |  |
| **Sweden** | Jack Johansson | 20 | 1.79 m (5 ft 10+12 in) | **Mr Gay Europe 2014** |
| **Switzerland** | Max Escobar | 28 | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) |  |
| **Ukraine** | Kazza Aivazovskii | 29 |  |  |
| **United Kingdom** | Stuart Hatton Jr | 29 | 170 | 2nd Runner-Up |

### 2016 in Oppdal

| Country | Contestant | Age | Height | Title |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Belgium** | Raf Van Puymbroeck | 21 |  | **Mr Gay Europe 2016** |
| **Bulgaria** | Dimitar Dimitrov | 33 |  |  |
| **Czech Republic** | Ladislav Agh | 28 |  |  |
| **Denmark** | Danni Sigen | 29 |  | 2nd Runner-Up |
| **England** | Joni Valadares | 28 |  | 1st Runner-Up |
| **Ireland** | Konrad Im | 27 |  |  |
| **Poland** | Andrzej Berg | 27 |  |  |
| **Slovak Republic** | Marek Gajdos | 25 |  |  |
| **Spain** | Sergio Diaz Rullo Brasero | 26 |  |  |
| **Wales** | Paul Davies | 32 |  |  |

### 2017 in Stockholm

| Country | Contestant | Age | Height | Title |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Belgium** | Jaimie Deblieck | 18 | 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in) |  |
| **Bulgaria** | Yuksel Yuseinov | 28 | 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) |  |
| **Czech Republic** | Daniel Fröhlich | 23 | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) |  |
| **England** | Matt Rood | 37 | 1.72 m (5 ft 7+12 in) | **Mr Gay Europe 2017** |
| **Finland** | Rami Kiiskinen | 20 | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) |  |
| **Germany** | Niko Wirachman | 27 | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) |  |
| **Ireland** | Stephen Lehane | 24 | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) | 1st Runner-Up |
| **Poland** | Kacper Sobieralski | 26 | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) |  |
| **Portugal** | Joao de Oliveira | 27 | 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) |  |
| **Scotland** | Steven Whyte | 39 | 1.74 m (5 ft 8+12 in) | 2nd Runner-Up |
| **Slovakia** | Jaromir Šufr | 41 | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) |  |
| **Wales** | Ben Brown | 28 | 1.82 m (5 ft 11+12 in) |  |

### 2018 in Poznań

| Country | Contestant | Age | Height | Title |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Bulgaria** | Stefan Dimov | 21 | 1.84 m (6 ft 12 in) |  |
| **Czech & Slovak Republics** | Lukáš Grečko | 22 | 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in) |  |
| **Denmark** | Niels Jansen | 44 | 1.79 m (5 ft 10+12 in) | 1st Runner-Up |
| **England** | Phillip Dzwonkiewicz | 36 | 1.82 m (5 ft 11+12 in) | 2nd Runner-Up |
| **Germany** | Enrique Doleschy | 30 | 1.82 m (5 ft 11+12 in) | **Mr Gay Europe 2018** |
| **Ireland** | Guilherme Souza | 25 | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) |  |
| **Poland** | Karol Pacyna | 22 | 1.79 m (5 ft 10+12 in) |  |
| **Portugal** | Pedro Ferreira | 33 | 1.79 m (5 ft 10+12 in) |  |
| **Ukraine** | Dominik Svechnikov | 20 | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) |  |
| **Wales** | Christopher Price | 26 | 1.94 m (6 ft 4+12 in) |  |

### 2019 in Cologne

| Country | Contestant | Age | Height | Title |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Belgium** | Matthias De Roover | 26 | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) | 1st Runner-Up |
| **Bulgaria** | Alexander Petrov | 31 | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) | **Mr Gay Europe 2019** |
| **Czech Republic** | Lukáš Krajčo | 26 | 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in) |  |
| **Finland** | Konsta Nupponen | 23 | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) |  |
| **Germany** | Marcel Danner | 30 | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) | 2nd Runner-Up |
| **Italy** | Salvatore Carfora | 35 | 1.82 m (5 ft 11+12 in) |  |
| **Portugal** | Mauro Melim | 32 | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) |  |

### 2022 in Alnwick Castle

| Country | Contestant | Age | Height | Title |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Belgium** | Joren Houtevels | 22 | 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in) |  |
| **Czech Republic** | Kevin Drábek | 49 | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) |  |
| **England** | Paul Dennison | 37 | 1.98 m (6 ft 6 in) | **Mr Gay Europe 2022** |
| **Germany** | Max Appenroth | 36 | 1.71 m (5 ft 7+12 in) |  |
| **Italy** | Andrea Pelone | 32 | 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) | 1st Runner-Up |
| **Norway** | Nicolay Berge | 26 | 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) |  |
| **Ukraine** | Dennis Zahnen | 40 | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) |  |

### 2023 in Alnwick Castle

| Country | Contestant | Age | Height | Title |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Belgium** | Maarten Truijen | 34 | 1.82 m (5 ft 11+12 in) |  |
| **Bulgaria** | Gabriel Stoyanov | 32 | 1.82 m (5 ft 11+12 in) |  |
| **Czech Republic** | Kevin Drábek | 50 | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) | 1st Runner-Up |
| **Germany** | Chris Janik | 46 | 1.76 m (5 ft 9+12 in) |  |
| **Great Britain** | David Allwood | 35 | 1.81 m (5 ft 11+12 in) | 2nd Runner-Up |
| **Ireland** | Stephan LeHane | 31 | 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) |  |
| **Netherlands** | Tim Küsters | 28 | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) | **Mr Gay Europe 2023** |
| **Norway** | Nicolay Berge | 27 | 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) |  |
| **Spain** | Ruben Carranza | 35 | 1.71 m (5 ft 7+12 in) |  |

## Footnotes

1. "Gay Men Of Europe Embrace A New Queen". Sydney MX (Australia). July 7, 2008. Spain's Antonio Pedro Almijez is crowned the winner of Mr Gay Europe 2008 at the event's final in Budapest, Hungary. The contest pitted 20 gay men against each other in a bid to be crowned the most attractive gay man on the continent.
2. Steve Rothaus (July 3, 2008). "Amid petrol bomb attacks, 400 police committed to gay beauty pageant in Budapest". Gay South Florida. While gay activists in Budapest are complaining that the police are not protecting gay businesses in the city, the organisers of Mr Gay Europe have announced they will have "400 policemen and women to protect them during the final." Two gay venues have been attacked with petrol bombs in the last week... Organisers said: "The police will protect the Mr Gay Europe final with a 400 man strong force." The militant protesters have put up a web page with names and addresses of all gay venues in Budapest and already two bars have been attacked with fire bombs.
3. John McGurk (November 2, 2008). "Waiter served up Mr Gay title". Sunday Life. Waiter James Smallman was crowned at the annual Mr Gay Ireland competition in Dublin last weekend... James will join the Mr Gay Ireland winner, Dublin-based martial arts coach Max Krzyzanowski (37) to compete in the Mr Gay Europe and Mr Gay World contests in Oslo and Vancouver next year.
4. Giulio Spatola è Mister Gay Europe 2011
5. "MGE 2013: Ireland goes all the way | MrGayEurope.com". Archived from the original on 2014-08-15. Retrieved 2014-06-08.
6. "Newsflash: Mr. Gay Europe 2014 is Incredibly Princely". *BuzzFeed*. 19 June 2014.
7. "Mr Gay Europe is on the road!". 9 June 2014.
8. "Giulio Spatola: è palermitano il Mister gay Europa".
9. "Austria | MrGayEurope.com". Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-06-08.
10. "Belgium | MrGayEurope.com". Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-06-08.
11. "Bulgaria | MrGayEurope.com". Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-06-08.
12. "Cyprus | MrGayEurope.com". Archived from the original on 2014-06-22. Retrieved 2014-06-08.
13. "Czech Republic | MrGayEurope.com". Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-06-08.
14. "Denmark | MrGayEurope.com". Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-06-08.
15. "France | MrGayEurope.com". Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-06-08.
16. "Germany | MrGayEurope.com". Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-06-08.
17. "Ireland | MrGayEurope.com". Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-06-08.
18. "Lithuania | MrGayEurope.com". Archived from the original on 2014-05-25. Retrieved 2014-06-08.
19. "Northern Ireland | MrGayEurope.com". Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-06-08.
20. "Poland | MrGayEurope.com". Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-06-08.
21. "Sweden | MrGayEurope.com". Archived from the original on 2014-06-26. Retrieved 2014-06-08.
22. "Mr Gay Europe 2014 Winner | MrGayEurope.com". Archived from the original on 2014-06-23. Retrieved 2014-06-15.
23. "Switzerland | MrGayEurope.com". Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-06-08.
24. "Ukraine | MrGayEurope.com". Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-06-08.
25. "United Kingdom | MrGayEurope.com". Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-06-08.
26. "Raf van Puymbroeck (22) from Belgium has become Mister Gay Europe 2016". 8 August 2016.
27. "Belgium 2017". 22 June 2017.
28. "Bulgaria 2017". 8 May 2017.
29. "Czech Republic 2017". 18 May 2017.
30. "England 2017". 4 May 2017.
31. "Finland 2017". 14 July 2017.
32. "Germany 2017". 14 July 2017.
33. "Ireland 2017". 5 May 2017.
34. "Poland 2017". 14 July 2017.
35. "Portugal 2017". 2 July 2017.
36. "Scotland 2017". 5 May 2017.
37. "Slovak Republic 2017". 3 June 2017.
38. "Wales 2017". 5 May 2017.
39. "Denmark 2018". 14 June 2018.
40. "England 2018". 14 June 2018.
41. "Germany 2018". 18 July 2018.
42. "Ireland 2018". 13 May 2018.
43. "Poland 2018". 21 July 2018.
44. "Ukraine 2018". July 2018.
45. "Wales 2018". 18 July 2018.
46. "Winner of Mr Gay Europe 2019 is Bulgaria". 6 July 2019.
47. "Moments when Mr Gay Europe Paul Dennison Served Thirst Online • Instinct Magazine". 24 July 2023.
48. "This is Tim - Mr Gay Europe 2023". 8 October 2023.


title: Michelle Stafford

abstract: Michelle Stafford is an American actress, screenwriter and producer. She currently plays Phyllis Summers on the CBS daytime soap opera The Young and the Restless, for which she has won three Daytime Emmy Awards. In 2013, Stafford created and starred in her own comedy web series, The Stafford Project. She also played Nina Reeves on the ABC daytime soap opera General Hospital.

text:
# Michelle Stafford

**Michelle Stafford** (born September 14, 1965) is an American actress, screenwriter and producer. She currently plays Phyllis Summers on the CBS daytime soap opera *The Young and the Restless*, for which she has won three Daytime Emmy Awards. In 2013, Stafford created and starred in her own comedy web series, *The Stafford Project*. She also played Nina Reeves on the ABC daytime soap opera *General Hospital*.

## Early life

Stafford was born in Chicago, Illinois. Her parents moved her and her older sister, Janine, to Montrose, California, where she was raised. After graduating from high school, Stafford chased after her dream of modeling.

## Career

In 1990 Stafford was cast in Fox soap opera *Tribes*. The show was canceled after 3-month airing on Fox. She later appeared in two plays directed by Charles Durning in Los Angeles stage, and co-starred in several small films.

In October 1994, Stafford began what was supposed to be a short term role of Phyllis Summers on the American CBS Daytime soap opera *The Young and the Restless*; however, her work impressed the producers and she was placed on contract. In 1997, Stafford left the series to pursue other career opportunities, and she was replaced by Sandra Nelson. In 1997 she was cast in Aaron Spelling primetime soap opera *Pacific Palisades* as lead character, but show was canceled after 13 episodes. She later guest-starred in *Two Guys and a Girl*, *Diagnosis: Murder*, and *JAG*. In film, Stafford appeared in 1999 thriller *Double Jeopardy* opposite Ashley Judd.

In July 2000, Stafford was brought back to the soap opera by former head writer Kay Alden. From December 2006 to February 2007, Stafford played dual roles on *Y&R*, portraying Sheila Carter, formerly played by Kimberlin Brown (Sheila had plastic surgery to look like Phyllis). In May 2013, it was announced that Stafford would be exiting the soap opera after sixteen years in the role. Stafford later confirmed that her final scenes would air sometime that August. Stafford exited the series on August 2, 2013.

In 2004, Stafford was a hockey correspondent for *The Best Damn Sports Show Period*. Stafford starred in Lifetime movie *Like Mother, Like Daughter* in 2007. In 2007, Stafford appeared on Tyra Banks' talk show to help Tyra through "soap opera school." In 2012 she appeared as Lauren on the web series *The Grove*, created by Crystal Chappell. She also guest-starred in *Frasier*, *Charmed*, and *Ringer*. She subsequently launched her web series, *The Stafford Project*, based on her personal life and struggles, with the first episode premiering on her YouTube Channel on August 5, 2013. The series received positive reviews from critics. Michael Logan of *TV Guide* appreciated the web series, calling it "terrific and audacious" and saying that "there's never a dull moment in the life of Michelle Stafford". Jamey Giddens of the entertainment website Zap2it said that Stafford is "as viable and fiery as ever", calling *The Stafford Project* "insanely-funny".

In 2014, Stafford returned to daytime television with the role of Nina Clay, the wife of Dr. Silas Clay (Michael Easton) on the ABC soap opera, *General Hospital*. Stafford's long-rumored addition to the cast was made official when her character Nina, the presumed-dead wife of Silas, suddenly appeared at the very end of the episode on May 1, 2014. In 2015, she co-starred alongside Tom Sizemore in the independent film *Durant's Never Closes*.

In 2016, Stafford launched a skincare product line called Skin Nation. The products are said to be organic, natural, gluten free, and certified cruelty-free by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). In 2019, it was announced that she would leave *General Hospital* as Nina Reeves and reprise her role of Phyllis Summers on *The Young & the Restless*.

## Personal life

Stafford's first child, a daughter, Natalia Scout Lee Stafford, was born via a gestational surrogate in December 2009. In October 2015, Stafford had a second child, a son named Jameson Jones Lee Stafford.

She is member of the Church of Scientology.

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1993 | *Body of Influence* | Madam |  |
| 1999 | *Double Jeopardy* | Suzanne Monroe |  |
| 2000 | *Attraction* | Suzanne |  |
| 2002 | *Lost* | Rachel | Short film |
| 2002 | *Cottonmouth* | Renee Alexander |  |
| 2003 | *Vampires Anonymous* | Taffeta Munro |  |
| 2007 | *Totally Baked: A Pot-U-Mentary* | Jessica |  |
| 2008 | *3 Days Gone* | Detective Holloway |  |
| 2008 | *Cara* | Agent | Short film |
| 2013 | *Parker* | Phyllis Summers |  |
| 2014 | *On Georgia's Mind* | Tricia | Short film |
| 2015 | *Earth Fall* | Nancy |  |
| 2016 | *Durant's Never Closes* | Suzie Durant |  |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1990 | *Tribes* | Frankie | Series regular, 13 episodes |
| 1994 | *Another Midnight Run* | Hotel Guest | TV movie |
| 1994 | *Renegade* | Lauren Jessup | Episode: "The Posse" |
| 1994 | *Models Inc.* | Girl in the toilets | Episode: "Blind by Love" |
| 1994–1997, 2000–2013, 2019–present | *The Young and the Restless* | Phyllis Summers | Series regular |
| 1997 | *Pacific Palisades* | Joanna Hadley | Series regular, 13 episodes |
| 1998 | *Players* | Vanessa Evans | Episode: "Wrath of Con" |
| 1998 | *Two Guys and a Girl* | April | Episode: "Two Guys, a Girl and a Softball Team" |
| 1999 | *Diagnosis: Murder* | Trish | Episodes: "Gangland: Part One" and "Gangland: Part Two" |
| 1999 | *JAG* | Suzanne Moore | Episode: "Contemptuous Words" |
| 2000 | *V.I.P.* | Nancy Biggs | Episode: "Val Point Blank" |
| 2001 | *Frasier* | Heather Murphy | Episode: "The First Temptation of Daphne" |
| 2002 | *Judging Amy* | Linda Barnes | Episode: "The Bottle Show" |
| 2005 | *Clubhouse* | Sydney | Episode: "Between First and Home" |
| 2005 | *Charmed* | Mandi | Episode: "Desperate Housewitches" |
| 2007 | *Like Mother, Like Daughter* | Dawna Williams | TV movie |
| 2011 | *Ringer* | Peggy Lewis | Episode: "If You Ever Want a French Lesson..." |
| 2013 | *The Stafford Project* | Herself | Web series, also writer and executive producer |
| 2014–2019 | *General Hospital* | Nina Reeves | Series regular |
| 2015 | *Secret Mind of a Single Mom* | Michelle | Web series |

## Awards and nominations

List of acting awards and nominations for Michelle Stafford
| Year | Award | Category | Title | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1996 | Daytime Emmy Award | Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series | *The Young and the Restless* | Nominated |  |
| 1996 | Soap Opera Digest Award | Outstanding Female Newcomer | *The Young and the Restless* | Won |  |
| 1997 | Daytime Emmy Award | Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series | *The Young and the Restless* | Won |  |
| 1997 | Soap Opera Digest Award | Outstanding Villainess | *The Young and the Restless* | Won |  |
| 2001 | Soap Opera Digest Award | Outstanding Female Scene Stealer | *The Young and the Restless* | Nominated |  |
| 2003 | Daytime Emmy Award | Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series | *The Young and the Restless* | Nominated |  |
| 2003 | Soap Opera Digest Award | Outstanding Lead Actress | *The Young and the Restless* | Won |  |
| 2004 | Daytime Emmy Award | Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series | *The Young and the Restless* | Won |  |
| 2005 | Daytime Emmy Award | Most Irresistible Combination  (shared with Peter Bergman) | *The Young and the Restless* | Nominated |  |
| 2005 | Daytime Emmy Award | Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series | *The Young and the Restless* | Nominated |  |
| 2005 | Soap Opera Digest Award | Outstanding Lead Actress | *The Young and the Restless* | Nominated |  |
| 2007 | Daytime Emmy Award | Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series | *The Young and the Restless* | Nominated |  |
| 2008 | Daytime Emmy Award | Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series | *The Young and the Restless* | Nominated |  |
| 2010 | Daytime Emmy Award | Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series | *The Young and the Restless* | Nominated |  |
| 2011 | Daytime Emmy Award | Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series | *The Young and the Restless* | Nominated |  |
| 2013 | Daytime Emmy Award | Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series | *The Young and the Restless* | Nominated |  |
| 2023 | Daytime Emmy Award | Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series | *The Young and the Restless* | Nominated |  |
| 2024 | Daytime Emmy Award | Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series | *The Young and the Restless* | Won |  |

## InfoBox

| Michelle Stafford | |
| --- | --- |
| Stafford in 2022 | |
| Born | (1965-09-14) September 14, 1965<br>Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Occupations |  |
| Years active | 1990–present |
| Children | 2 |
| Website | www.michellestafford.com |


title: Norran

abstract: Norran is a Swedish language liberal newspaper published in Skellefteå, Sweden.

text:
# Norran

***Norran*** (previously named ***Norra Västerbotten***) is a Swedish language liberal newspaper published in Skellefteå, Sweden.

## History and profile

*Norran* was founded by a group of liberal newspaper enthusiasts led by Anton Wikström from Jörn in 1910. The first official edition was published 1 January 1911. The paper is owned by the foundation Skelleftepress. It is published in Berliner format in Skellefteå, and chiefly distributed in the northern parts of Västerbotten. The stated position of the editorial is liberal.

Most of the newspaper's local articles are written in Skellefteå, but it also has local editors in Arjeplog, Arvidsjaur, Malå and Norsjö.

It has been published on the Internet since February 1996 and the main news service is freely available.

In correlation with the newspaper's 100-year-anniversary, the staff announced on 4 January 2010 that its name would be changed into *Norran*, a name which has been used by its readers for decades. The official web site's URL was already norran.se.

In February 2023, as the new electric battery factory Northvolt started to recruit English-speaking staff from all over the world, Norran launched an English-language news service, Norran English, edited by former UK national newspaper journalist, Paul Connolly. Norran was the first newspaper in Sweden to launch an English-language service.

## Circulation

In 1959 the circulation of the paper was 24,000 copies. The paper had a circulation of 23,200 copies in 2012 and 22,700 copies in 2013.

## Editors-in-chief

## InfoBox

Norran
| Norran huset | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Newspaper |
| Format | Berliner |
| Owner(s) | Skelleftepress |
| Founder(s) | Anton Wikström |
| Founded | 1910 (1910) |
| Language | Swedish |
| Headquarters | Skellefteå |
| Circulation | 22,700 (2013) |
| Website | *Norran* |


title: Valerie King

abstract: Valerie King is an American and Canadian computer scientist who works as a professor at the University of Victoria. Her research concerns the design and analysis of algorithms; her work has included results on maximum flow and dynamic graph algorithms, and played a role in the expected linear time MST algorithm of Karger et al. She became a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery in 2014.

text:
# Valerie King

**Valerie King** is an American and Canadian computer scientist who works as a professor at the University of Victoria. Her research concerns the design and analysis of algorithms; her work has included results on maximum flow and dynamic graph algorithms, and played a role in the expected linear time MST algorithm of Karger et al.

She became a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery in 2014.

## Education

King graduated from Princeton University in 1977. She earned a Juris Doctor degree from the University of California, Berkeley School of Law in 1983, and became a member of the State Bar of California, but returned to Berkeley and earned a Ph.D. in computer science in 1988 under the supervision of Richard Karp with a dissertation concerning the Aanderaa–Karp–Rosenberg conjecture.


abstract: Following is a list of all Article III United States federal judges appointed by President James Madison during his presidency. In total Madison appointed 13 Article III federal judges, including 2 Justices to the Supreme Court of the United States, 2 judges to the United States circuit courts, and 9 judges to the United States district courts. One of Madison's district court appointments was in fact appointed twice, to succeed himself on the same court, having resigned from the first appointment to pursue another political office.

text:
# List of federal judges appointed by James Madison

Following is a list of all **Article III United States federal judges appointed by President James Madison** during his presidency. In total Madison appointed 13 Article III federal judges, including 2 Justices to the Supreme Court of the United States, 2 judges to the United States circuit courts, and 9 judges to the United States district courts. One of Madison's district court appointments was in fact appointed twice, to succeed himself on the same court, having resigned from the first appointment to pursue another political office.

## United States Supreme Court justices

| # | Justice | Seat | State | Former justice | Nomination
date | Confirmation
date | Began
active service | Ended
active service |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Gabriel Duvall | 4 | Maryland | Samuel Chase | November 15, 1811 | November 18, 1811 | November 18, 1811 | January 14, 1835 |
| 2 | Joseph Story | 2 | Massachusetts | William Cushing | November 15, 1811 | November 18, 1811 | November 18, 1811 | September 10, 1845 |

## Circuit courts

| # | Judge | Circuit | Nomination
date | Confirmation
date | Began active
service | Ended active
service |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Buckner Thruston | D.C. | December 12, 1809 | December 13, 1809 | December 14, 1809 | August 30, 1845 |
| 2 | James Sewall Morsell | D.C. | January 7, 1815 | January 11, 1815 | January 11, 1815 | March 3, 1863 |

## District courts

| # | Judge | Court
 | Nomination
date | Confirmation
date | Began active
service | Ended active
service |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | John Tyler Sr. | D. Va. | January 2, 1811 | January 3, 1811 | January 7, 1811 | January 6, 1813 |
| 2 | John Fisher | D. Del. | April 22, 1812 | April 23, 1812 | April 23, 1812 | April 22, 1823 |
| 3 | John Drayton | D.S.C. | May 4, 1812 | May 7, 1812 | May 7, 1812 | November 27, 1822 |
| 4 | William P. Van Ness | D.N.Y. | May 25, 1812 | May 26, 1812 | May 27, 1812 | September 6, 1826 |
| 5 | Dominic Augustin Hall | D. La. | May 27, 1812 | May 28, 1812 | June 1, 1812 | February 22, 1813 |
| 5.1 | Dominic Augustin Hall | D. La. | May 29, 1813 | June 1, 1813 | June 1, 1813 | December 19, 1820 |
| 6 | David Howell | D.R.I. | November 12, 1812 | November 16, 1812 | November 17, 1812 | July 30, 1824 |
| 7 | St. George Tucker | D. Va. | January 18, 1813 | January 19, 1813 | January 19, 1813 | June 30, 1825 |
| 8 | William Sanford Pennington | D.N.J. | January 8, 1816 | January 9, 1816 | July 19, 1815 | September 17, 1826 |
| 9 | Robert Trimble | D. Ky. | January 28, 1817 | January 31, 1817 | January 31, 1817 | May 9, 1826 |

1. See List of United States district and territorial courts
General  * "Judges of the United States Courts". *Biographical Directory of Federal Judges*. Federal Judicial Center. Archived from the original on 2016-07-30. Retrieved 2009-04-03.

Specific

## Sources


# List of female American Civil War soldiers

Numerous women enlisted and fought as men in the American Civil War.

Historian Elizabeth D. Leonard writes that, according to various estimates, between five hundred and one thousand women enlisted as soldiers on both sides of the war, disguised as men.

## A-B

* Mollie Bean served with the Confederate Army under the name Melvin Bean. She was captured by the Union Army in February 1865 near Richmond, Virginia.
* Mary and Molly Bell, cousins who both served with the Confederate Army.
* Malinda Blalock (1842 – 1901 or 1903) was a female soldier who fought on both sides during the Civil War. She followed her husband and joined the 26th North Carolina Regiment of the Confederate Army, disguising herself as a young man and calling herself Samuel Blalock. The couple eventually escaped across Confederate lines and joined the Union partisans in the Appalachian mountains of western North Carolina.
* Disguised as a man, Florena Budwin (1844–1865) enlisted in the Union Army in Philadelphia with her husband, an artillery captain. Captured by the Confederacy in 1864, she was confined at the notoriously brutal Andersonville Prison, and the transferred to Florence Stockade. Her status was discovered while under treatment for pneumonia, and she died, age 20.
* Mary Burns (1821–1863), or John Burns, was an American woman who disguised herself as a man in order to fight in the war. She enlisted in the 7th Michigan Volunteer Cavalry Regiment in order not to be parted from her lover, who was in the same regiment.

## C-D

* Albert Cashier (1843–1915) was Irish-born and served three years in the Union Army as a male soldier. Cashier lived the next fifty years as a man. Cashier's regiment was part of the Army of the Tennessee under Ulysses S. Grant and fought in approximately forty battles, including the Siege of Vicksburg. During this campaign, Cashier was captured while performing reconnaissance, but managed to escape and return to the regiment.

{{{annotations}}}

Frances Clayton in uniform. From the collection of the Minnesota Historical Society.  * Frances Clayton (c. 1830–after 1863) enlisted in the Union Army under the name Jack Williams, along with her husband. Clayton's exploits became known after the war, and there is some contradictory information in reports but most accounts say they enlisted in a Missouri unit, despite being from Minnesota. Clayton is said to have fought in 18 battles including Shiloh, Stones River, and Fort Donelson where she was wounded.
* Sarah Collins was a 16-year-old schoolgirl from Lake Mills, Wisconsin who enlisted as a soldier in a Wisconsin regiment with her brother. Although she disguised herself as a man by cutting off her hair and donned men's clothing, her sex was suspected because of how she put on her shoes and socks. She was discovered to be female before her regiment left for the front.
* At the age of fourteen, Lizzie Compton enlisted in the army, falsifying her age and changing her name. Compton saw considerable action during the war, serving in seven different regiments, holding the record for the most reenlistments. While being treated for injuries after a riding incident, the doctor revealed her status as a woman, and she was discharged. In her eighteen months in the army, she served in three cavalry units and two infantry. She fought at the Battle of Antietam and was wounded, and at the Battle of Gettysburg, where she was wounded again and discharged, and fought several other battles as well.
* Pauline Cushman (1833–1893) was an American actress and spy for the Union Army. She is considered one of the most successful Civil War spies. She fraternized with Confederate officials and managed to conceal battle plans and drawings in her shoes, but was caught twice in 1864 and brought before Confederate General Braxton Bragg, tried by a military court, and sentenced to death by hanging but was spared by the arrival of Union troops.
* Catherine E. Davidson fought at Antietam, and saw her lover wounded in the battle.

## E-H

## I-Q

* Maria Lewis, also known as George Harris, was a soldier in the Union army and former slave who gained distinction in the Eighth New York Cavalry.
* Annie Lillybridge was from Detroit, and enlisted in the 21st Michigan Infantry Regiment to be near her fiancé. She hid her identity from everyone, including even him until she was wounded and discharged after being discovered.
* Elizabeth A. Niles (1842 - 1920) served in the Union Army. After her husband enlisted in the 14th Vermont Infantry she joined him, and participated in numerous battles, including First Battle of Bull Run, Antietam, and Gettysburg. She remained undetected, and mustered out in September 1864, with her husband.
* Mary Owens enlisted with her husband in the 9th Cavalry in Pennsylvania, posing as his brother. After he died in combat, Owens remained for an additional eighteen months, fought three battles, and was wounded in each.
* Frances Elizabeth Quinn was an Irish-born Union Army soldier who fought in both the infantry and cavalry. She enlisted over five separate times throughout the war and the country, assuming the name Frank Miller, and other names. Each time she was eventually discovered to be a woman and discharged from the military. In Alabama, she was captured by the Confederate Army and force-marched to Atlanta, where she was shot during an escape attempt.

## S-Z

* Loreta Janeta Velazquez a.k.a. "Lieutenant Harry Buford" (June 26, 1842 – c.1897) – A Cuban woman who donned Confederate garb and served as a Confederate officer and spy during the war.
* Sarah Rosetta Wakeman (1843–1864) served with the Union Army under the alias of Lyons Wakeman and Edwin R. Wakeman. Her letters remain one of the few surviving primary accounts of female soldiers in the American Civil War.
* Laura J. Williams was a woman who disguised herself as a man and used the alias Lt. Henry Benford in order to raise and lead a company of Texas Confederates. She and the company participated in the Battle of Shiloh.
* Fanny Wilson enlisted as a soldier in the Union Army along with her close friend Nellie Graves. They served in the defense of Washington, D.C. until December 1862, when they participated in the Battle of Fredericksburg. After being treated for an illness, their sex was discovered and they were discharged. After some time as a civilian, Wilson joined the 3rd Illinois Cavalry, and was wounded at the Battle of Vicksburg. She recovered and continued on with her regiment. She was discharged after being discovered in August 1863.

### Unknown

* A dismounted soldier of the 5th West Virginia cavalry, who refused to take cover from confederate artillery bombardment until the nearby Col. Hayes (future president Rutherford B. Hayes, then commanding an infantry regiment) did so during an engagement near New River, after the battle of Cloyd Mountain, was mortally wounded by an artillery shell. The soldiers were shocked to discover this soldier was female while attempting to treat the wounds.
* Female confederate soldier belonging to a Louisiana regiment, described by the British colonel Arthur Fremantle, who travelled through the confederacy for over 3 months in 1863 as a war tourist. He wrote; "*A goodish-looking woman was pointed out to in my car as having served as a private soldier in the battles of Perryville and Murfreesboro. Several men in my car had served with her in a Louisianian regiment, and they said she had been turned out a short time since for her bad and immoral conduct. They told me that her sex was notorious to all the regiment, but no notice had been taken of it so long as she conducted herself properly. They also said that she was not the only representative of the female sex in the ranks. When I saw her she wore a soldier's hat and coat, but had resumed her petticoats*."
* Female union soldier captured during a Confederate cavalry raid on the Army of Virginia's headquarters at Cattlet's Station on August 21, 1862, during the Northern Virginia Campaign. Described by a Prussian soldier serving with J.E.B Stuart's cavalry in the confederacy; "*There was a good deal of merriment among the young staff-officers at headquarters concerning one of our Catlett's Station prisoners, whom I had taken over with me under charge of a courier for further instructions - and who, just as we were sending off the main body of these prisoners to Richmond, had been discovered to be a good-looking woman in full Federal uniform. In order that she might follow to the field her warlike lord, she had enlisted as a private soldier in the same company with him, and now claimed to be excepted from the rest of the prisoners as a privilege of her sex. It was decided, however, that this modern Jeanne d'Arc must share the fate of her comrades for the present, and further decision in the case was left to the Richmond authorities*."


title: List of glacial moraines

text:
# List of glacial moraines

This a partial list of glacial moraines. They are arranged by continents and divided by related hydrologic basins. This list is incomplete. Please improve the listing.

## North America

### Moraines of the Great Lakes Region

#### Lake Ontario Basin

#### Lake Erie Basin

#### Lake Michigan Basin

#### Lake Superior Basin

### Moraines of the Quebec and Ontario, Canada

### Moraines of the U.S. and Canadian Rocky Mountains

## Europe

## Antarctica

## South America


title: List of glaciers in Africa

text:
# List of glaciers in Africa

Africa, specifically East Africa, has contained glacial regions, possibly as far back as the last glacial maximum 10,000 to 15,000 years ago. Seasonal snow does exist on the highest peaks of East Africa as well as in the Drakensberg Range of South Africa, the Stormberg Mountains, and the Atlas Mountains in Morocco. Currently, the only remaining glaciers on the continent exist on Mount Kilimanjaro, Mount Kenya, and the Rwenzori.

## List of glaciers

### Kenya

(All located on the upper slopes of Mount Kenya)

* Mr. Ali Cesar Glacier
* Diamond Glacier
* Darwin Glacier (Kenya)
* Forel Glacier
* Gregory Glacier
* Heim Glacier
* Josef Glacier
* Kraph Glacier
* Lewis Glacier
* Northey Glacier
* Tyndall Glacier

### Rwenzori Mountains

* Speke Glacier
* Elena
* Stanley
* Baker

### Tanzania

All Tanzanian glaciers are located on the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro. The mountain had 16 named glaciers and three icefields in the middle of the 20th century but by the 1990s, at least 4 glaciers had disappeared and the remaining glaciers had retreated.


# List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1985

Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1985.

## Fellows

1. Michael Barber (1934–1991)
2. Peter Humphry Greenwood (1927–1995)
3. Martyn Christian Raymond Symons (1925–2002)
4. Walter Laing Macdonald Perry Baron Perry of Walton (1921–2003)
5. Roger Michael Needham (1935–2003)
6. Dame Miriam Louisa Rothschild (1908–2005)
7. Sir Nicholas John Shackleton (1937–2006)
8. Naomi Datta (d. 2008)
9. Duncan Joseph Greenwood (d. 2010)
10. Anne Elizabeth Warner (d. 2012)
11. George Edward Pelham Box (1919–2013)
12. Struther Arnott (d. 2013)
13. Wyndham John Albery
14. Mark Steven Bretscher
15. Ronald Bullough
16. Malcolm Burrows
17. John Henry Coates
18. David Colquhoun
19. John Leonard Celistus Culhane
20. John Frederick Dewey
21. Sir Diarmuid Downs
22. Jonathan Richard Ellis
23. Sir John Edwin Enderby
24. Michael Gaster
25. Malcolm Leslie Hodder Green
26. Cedric Herbert Hassall
27. William George Hill
28. Nevin Campbell Hughes-Jones
29. Ian Macpherson Kerr
30. Philip Douglas Magnus
31. David Quinn Mayne
32. John Edwin Midwinter
33. James Dickson Murray
34. John Stewart Pate
35. Ian Colin Percival
36. Martin Charles Raff
37. Joseph Frank Sambrook
38. John Michael Tutill Thompson
39. Donald Walker
40. Gerald Westheimer

## Foreign members

1. Konrad Emil Bloch (1912–2000)
2. Shiing-Shen Chern (1911–2004)
3. Charles Yanofsky
4. Frank Press
5. Knut Schmidt-Nielsen (1915–2007)
6. Glenn Theodore Seaborg (1912–1999)