title: Rigby's Water World

abstract: Rigby's Water World is a privately owned water park in the southern part of Warner Robins, Georgia. It opened in 2018 with 17 slides, and covers 23 acres (9.3 ha) with an additional 90 acres (36 ha) available for expansion.

text:
# Rigby's Water World

**Rigby's Water World** is a privately owned water park in the southern part of Warner Robins, Georgia. It opened in 2018 with 17 slides, and covers 23 acres (9.3 ha) with an additional 90 acres (36 ha) available for expansion.

## Development

During its planning, the park claimed it would become "the largest water park in the world." The facility has 17 water slides and walkways with more than 40 water-play implements. Other attractions include an adult pool with a three-tier waterfall, planned as of 2020.

Rigby's Water World is one of the largest water parks in the state of Georgia. The Lazy River, one of the leading attractions, is 1,600-foot (490 m) long, 15-foot (4.6 m) wide, and holds almost 1,000,000 US gallons (3,800 m3) of water. Rigby's Water World was opened on July 7, 2018. It featured a 750-US-gallon (2.8 m3) water bucket, 17 slides, and water gadgets for kids. The water park, owned by Steve Rigby, was announced to be a $15 million development project.

## Notable events

### Temporary closure in August 2018

In August 2018, the park was forced to shut down temporarily due to reports of a child testing positive for cryptosporidium, a parasite than can cause diarrhea. The health department was notified and a state health agency began an investigation. A few days later, the park owner stated that the park was safe and free of waterborne disease.

### Route 96 Music Festival and Christmas Parade

The park hosted the rock and country music festival in September 2019. It was the endpoint for the 62nd Annual Warner Robins Christmas Parade in December 2019.

### COVID-19 impact in summer 2020

After postponing its 2020 summer season opening due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Rigby's Water World opened its summer season in June 2020.


title: Halifax Town Hall

abstract: Halifax Town Hall is a grade II* listed, 19th century town hall in the town of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England. It is notable for its design and interiors by Charles Barry and his son, Edward Middleton Barry, and for its sculptures by John Thomas. The town hall is also the headquarters of Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council.

text:
# Halifax Town Hall

**Halifax Town Hall** is a grade II\* listed, 19th century town hall in the town of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England. It is notable for its design and interiors by Charles Barry and his son, Edward Middleton Barry, and for its sculptures by John Thomas. The town hall is also the headquarters of Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council.

## History

The Mayor and corporation first proposed that they build a new town hall in 1847. They suggested it again in 1853 after the town had become a borough five years earlier but they still had no central offices. They proposed it again in 1856. The later proposals were prompted by the 1853 Improvement Act, which allowed the borough to borrow £15,000 to build a town hall, courthouse and police station. The 1856 proposal was also prompted by John Crossley, who was at that time developing Princess Street and Crossley Street, using the architects Lockwood and Mawson who later designed Bradford City Hall. This may explain why the town hall blends in with several Crossley Street buildings, which are now listed as a group.

The council, Edward Akroyd and John Crossley requested that Charles Barry judge the design entries; he disliked all three entries and was asked in turn to submit his own design. His design was accepted, but he died in 1860. His son, Edward Middleton Barry, completed the design which was erected on a 148 x 90 ft plot on John Crossley's land. The foundation stone was laid in 1861. Whiteley Brothers were the builders. It was listed on 31 July 1963.

### Opening

Three hundred and fifty-eight trains brought 70,000 people, and thousands more walked, to attend a two-day session of openings and visits in Halifax by Prince Albert Edward (the future King Edward VII) on 3 and 4 August 1863. There was a grand procession to the town hall on 4 August, through decorated streets. This was followed by a service in the Piece Hall at which thousands of children sang hymns while 870 police controlled the crowd. Perhaps Victoria herself might have opened the town hall, but for her widowhood in 1861 and her subsequent retirement from public life. Edward was 22 years old and had married the 18-year-old Princess Alexandra in March of that year. However, by 4 August, she was four months pregnant with the future Duke of Clarence, pleaded illness and did not join her husband for the opening, to much public disappointment. It rained:

> "Even though shorn of its principal attraction through the unfortunate absence of the Princess of Wales, and though dimmed as regards its pomp and circumstance owing to the rain which fell at so very inconvenient a time, the opening of the new town hall by the Prince of Wales is still an event of which Halifax may well be proud ... The enthusiasm and almost unbounded devotion of a people to their future monarch has been symbolised in every form of decorative skill and beauty, by gay banners, many coloured flags and the ornamentations of the designers, vying with nature, ever profuse in her lovely gifts, to form floral designs of the most varied, chaste and unique description. Our very streets were redolent with the fragrance of the flower garden ... The rain began to fall somewhat heavily by eleven o'clock on Monday night and, as far as we can learn, continued to fall all night. From a very early hour in the morning it descended literally in torrents, ceaselessly, pitilessly. It would be impossible to calculate the amount of real misery experienced here." *Halifax Courier*, August 1863.

When Edward arrived by royal train on 3 August, he was greeted with a salute by two guns on Beacon Hill, and a guard of honour comprising 300 soldiers. There was a banquet at Manor Heath, where 100 people serenaded him in the rain, then there was a balloon ascent and a firework display. Hundreds of men had to be drafted in to control crowds arriving at Halifax railway station, and more were placed along the line to control the hundreds of extra trains. When the town hall was opened to the public on 11 August, the mayor presented four marble busts of Victoria, Albert, Edward, and Alexandra. These were put in storage from 1954 after redecoration and restored to public view on 6 September 2008.

### Town hall today

King George VI and Queen Elizabeth visited the town hall in October 1937 and met civic leaders. In 1958, the film *Room at the Top* was filmed in the town hall, at All Souls' Church and at Halifax railway station. In 1994–95 the offices on the ground floor were double-glazed. In 2006–07 the carved, wooden Overgate Hospice panel was presented to the town hall by local woodcarvers. In 2008 the town hall was judged one of the ten most spectacular in Britain by *Architecture Today* magazine. Groups can visit the town hall by arrangement.

## Description

### Exterior

#### Structure

The building is detached and built of sandstone in the classical style, with a tower and steeple at the corner. There is a rusticated basement and two storeys above with arcades, columns and arches. Around the top of the walls there is a balustrade with finials. There is a metal roof with skylights. The steeple is 180 feet high, metal-covered and decorated by John Thomas with statues representing the four continents. The entrance has a porch with an arch and balustrade with ball finials. The other entrances on the west side have old iron lamp standards and new lanterns, and one has an iron balustrade. This building should be understood in the context of the whole group of buildings in Crossley Street, which are all listed.

24,000 tons of local Ringby sandstone from Swales Moor was used for the building. The portico has the old Halifax coat of arms over its arches, with the heads of Wisdom, Justice and Mercy.

#### Tower and spire

This structure is 180 ft high, with a carved tile-effect on the spire. The four continent statues by John Thomas are as follows. Africa faces away from Crossley Street and consists of an ancient Egyptian and two boys. North America, above the tower portico, is a Native American with two small figures holding a paddle and a roll of tobacco. Europe, at the front of the tower in Crossley Street, has emblems of civilisation and refinement. After sculpting these, John Thomas died, and Asia was carved under the supervision of Daniel Maclise. Asia faces down Crossley Street, on the opposite side of the tower from the portico, and is a figure with a Chinese boy and tea chest and a child with flowers. On the corners of the spire are four seven-foot angels.

#### Clock and bells

The tower contains five bells by John Taylor & Co of Loughborough, the largest of which weighs 3 tons. The bells have not rung at night since 1918 when Dame Nellie Melba complained that they disturbed her at Halifax's Princess Hotel.

A chiming clock was installed in the tower by John Moore & Sons of Clerkenwell in 1863; this was replaced by a new Cambridge-chiming clock by Potts & Sons of Leeds in 1922, which was converted to automatic winding in 1965; prior to this date the clocks had been hand-wound for over a century. The four clock faces have mottos carved over them, such as "Delay not to do well".

### Interior

Inside there is a branching staircase; one wall painting is by Daniel Maclise who had previously worked with Charles Barry on the House of Commons, and two are by J. C. Worsley. The main hall is galleried with a stained glass roof. The council chamber was built in c.1900 in the upper half of the old magistrates' court. The Victoria Hall has mosaic flooring and ornate plasterwork. The hall was last decorated in 1996.

#### Victoria Hall

This is 51 ft by 43 ft by 43 ft high. The building's mansard roof incorporates a twelve-sectioned blue and green glass ceiling, surrounded by yellow painted glass coving, for this room.

##### Ground floor

The ground floor is paved with stone, encaustic tiles and marble. The old Halifax coat of arms is carved on the walls, and the new, College-of-Heralds-approved 1948 coat of arms appears in mosaic on the floor. There are plaques listing mayors, freemen, town clerks and recorders on the walls, and the room contains the Prince of Wales chair, made for the future Edward VII in 1863, carved with the Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom and Halifax arms.

The Calderdale coat of arms is carved above the doors, and above the doors painted ribs connect with the gallery balustrade above. The Committee Room with its decorated plaster ceiling leads off the ground floor hall.

The balustrade is decorated with ironwork and the face of John the Baptist, because Halifax possibly means "holy face". There is a second gallery of doorways here, with decorative plaster panels above, and fluted pilasters between. There are repetitions of the "H" motif. Between the tops of the doors and the glass ceiling coving are cherubs supporting devices for England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. One wall is mirrored to make the hall look longer, and all the arches have carvings above, representing the industry, the arts and law. There are photographs of past and present mayors of Calderdale on the wall.

#### Council chamber

This leads off the gallery and was built over the high court room in 1901, taking the upper half of the room and its original stained glass ceiling. The centre of the glass ceiling has the pre-1948 coat of arms and, round the edge, are the four parts of the Royal Standard of the United Kingdom. The glass coving contains panels on the themes of justice and industry. The Calderdale arms is on the wall above the mayoral chair.

The mahogany fittings date from 1901, and include carved chairs for mayor and aldermen. It was last redecorated in 1997. The art nouveau stained glass door panels feature the "holy face" motif, as on the balustrade ironwork in the Victoria Hall, but in this case the face is of Viking appearance, perhaps reflecting the 19th century Viking revival and the perceived local genetic legacy.

#### Mayor's Parlour

Accessed from the Victoria Hall gallery, this was originally designed as a reception room, so it has a grand, pink-painted, coffered ceiling, last painted in 1997. It is now the mayor's office and contains two oak mayoral chairs by Jackson of Coley, 1958 and 1960. The mace on the table came from Brighouse Town Hall after the council reorganisation of 1974. Some of the Calderdale official silver is displayed in this room, and it is carpeted by Sir John Crossley and Sons Ltd, because the company's namesake originally provided the land for the town hall, and financial backing. This room can sometimes be seen by appointment.

#### Committee room D

This is next door to the Mayor's Parlour, and contains another pink, decorative ceiling, because it was originally designed as the council chamber. It was last decorated in 1997.

#### Staircase

The staircase is lit by daylight through the blue glass dome above, but the tower, spire and bell chamber are adjacent; the bells resonate powerfully in the stairwell. There is ornamental plasterwork including gilt lion-heads on the second landing and arches around the three paintings on the first landing. These paintings, by J. C. Horsley and Daniel Maclise, were presented by Sir Savile Crossley in 1911, the coronation year of George V. The Maclise painting has an Arthurian theme, perhaps emphasising the moral connection made at the time between gothic revivalism and chivalry of local government. The lift beside the staircase contains doors at right angles to each other, due to awkward access.

#### Basement

This was the police station and cells until 1900, when premises in Harrison Road became the police station. Now the basement contains store rooms, strong room and staff canteen, although original Victorian cell doors are still present. The present strong room was the Air Raid Precautions control room in the Second World War. The basement is not open to the public.

### More images

#### Exterior

#### Satellite

53°43′28″N 1°51′38″W / 53.72444°N 1.86056°W / 53.72444; -1.86056 (Halifax Town Hall)

## InfoBox

| Halifax Town Hall | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Architectural style | Classical style |
| Classification |  |
| Listed Building – Grade II\* | |
| Designated | 31 July 1963 |
| Reference no. | 1314024 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Town or city | Halifax |
| Country | England |
| Construction started | 1861 |
| Completed | 1863 |
| Cost | £50,126 |
| Client | Halifax Council |
| Technical details | |
| Structural system | Sandstone |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Charles Barry<br>Edward Middleton Barry |


title: Hambling baronets

abstract: The Hambling Baronetcy, of Yoxford in the County of Suffolk, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 27 February 1924 for Sir Herbert Hambling, Kt., Deputy Chairman of Barclays Bank and a Financial Member of the Ministry of Munitions from 1914 to 1919.

text:
# Hambling baronets

The **Hambling Baronetcy**, of Yoxford in the County of Suffolk, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 27 February 1924 for Sir Herbert Hambling, Kt., Deputy Chairman of Barclays Bank and a Financial Member of the Ministry of Munitions from 1914 to 1919.

## Hambling baronets, of Yoxford (1924)

* Sir (Henry) Herbert Hambling, 1st Baronet (1857–1932)
* Sir (Herbert) Guy Musgrave Hambling, 2nd Baronet (1883–1966)
* Sir (Herbert) Hugh Hambling, 3rd Baronet (3 August 1919 – 6 May 2010 )
* Sir (Herbert) Peter Hugh Hambling, 4th Baronet (born 6 September 1953 )

## Arms

Coat of arms of Hambling baronets
|  | CrestA falcon supporting with the dexter claw a distaff Proper and charged on the body with a bezant. EscutcheonArgent a sword erect Sable between two flaunches Azure each charged with a hank of cotton of the field. MottoDiscern & Decide |
| --- | --- |


title: Hambo

abstract: The hambo is a traditional dance that originated in Sweden in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is a couple dance in ⁳4 time, danced to music played with a strong accent on the first beat and a tempo that varies from moderate to fast. The hambo is a dance with a fixed pattern and tunes almost always have a corresponding eight measure structure. In Sweden, the hambo is in the gammaldans tradition that, despite the name, arose fairly recently around the beginning of the 20th century. The dance is also danced in North America in the social clubs formed by immigrant Swedes, at International folk dance events and during breaks at contradance venues. Many social waltz groups include the hambo among their regular dances.

text:
# Hambo

The **hambo** is a traditional dance that originated in Sweden in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is a couple dance in **3**
**4** time, danced to music played with a strong accent on the first beat and a tempo that varies from moderate to fast (100 to 120 beats per minute). The hambo is a dance with a fixed pattern and tunes almost always have a corresponding eight measure structure.

In Sweden, the hambo is in the gammaldans (old-time dance) tradition that, despite the name, arose fairly recently around the beginning of the 20th century. The dance is also danced in North America in the social clubs formed by immigrant Swedes, at International folk dance events and during breaks at contradance venues. Many social waltz groups include the hambo among their regular dances.

## History

One of the potential origins of hambo is the polka-mazurka, a dance with many turns that was popular in Europe during the second half of the 19th century. The term polska-mazurka can also be found in notebooks from the beginning of the 20th century used by Swedish farmer folk-musicians. Mazurka is however today in northern Europe the name of a different dance than hambo, mazurka is played faster with a fast and short jump on the third beat.

One of the turns in the dance was developed in about 1900 to a free-standing dance and was danced using older polska music, for example slängpolska, or other variants of polska, but with stronger emphasis on the first beat. In the early 20th century, an easier variant of hambo existed with a short forward step per beat for the first two measures before the turns began. The variants of hambo that are danced today, with so-called *dalsteg* (dal step) on the first two measures, was probably spread in the 1910s and 1920s.

Another potential origin is *hambo-polska*. From about the middle of the 19th century until the beginning of the 20th century hambo-polska was a very popular dance in parts of Sweden. Printed music exist for maybe a thousand hambo-polskor from this period. The title in printed music can however often be just polska. Hambo-polska, the dance and the music, is a mix between an older polska and newer dance like hambo without *dalsteg* and no particular stress on the first beat. Music is mostly in major. One theory is that the younger men who worked in the bigger town adopted their steps to new trends in the towns or did not learn the older dance but the younger women who still worked in the old villages kept the steps from an older polska.

The very common use of accordion as the dominant instrument for dancing music 1910 - 1957 was probably one of the reasons for more stress on the first beat in hambo.

## Hambo turn

### Man's part

| Beat 1 | Right foot step forward and begin turning clockwise, pivoting on the ball of the right foot. |
| --- | --- |
| Beat 2 | Set down the left foot and continue to pivot (by now facing back in line of dance), continue turning on the ball of the left foot. |
| Beat 3 | Bring the ball of the right foot even with the heel of the left foot (by now facing in towards the center of the room) and continue turning and back to Beat 1. |

### Woman's part

| Beat 1 | Step left foot (and move the body) around the advancing lead, placing the ball of the foot down on the outside of the dance circle with back in the line of dance, continue pivoting on the ball of the left foot. |
| --- | --- |
| Beat 2 | Set the ball of the right foot next to the instep of the left foot (by now facing in towards the center of the room), continue turning. |
| Beat 3 | Step forward on the right foot and begin pivoting on the ball of the right foot and back to Beat 1 |

## Variations

The common modern variant of Hambo has a pattern of steps, repeated for each eight bars of music. The first two 3-beat measures are the dalsteg. On measure one, the couple holds inside hands (man's right, woman's left), step forward on their outside feet (man's left, woman's right), swing their inside foot slightly forward and out, and create a slight lift by raising the heel of the stationary outside foot. The second measure is a repeat but with opposite feet and the diagonal swing forward and inward. The third is a transition with both taking three steps forward (man left, right, left; woman right, left, right). The next four measures are hambo turns as described above while the eighth and final measure has three steps forward (man right, left, right; woman left, right, left), leaving outside feet ready to start the pattern over.

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when the hambo was introduced, the eight bar pattern with the slower dalsteg and faster turns was carried back to the Swedish country villages where it influenced and in turn was influenced by the pre-existing, older polska dances. Consequently, scores of variations were created, some of which are still known and danced today thanks to the research of folklorists. Apart from such historical versions, differences exist in versions danced widely today—for example, the version danced in the Swedish Hälsingehambo competition tends to be slow and elegant with a relatively strong svikt (dip and lift) while that danced in American contradance venues is much faster with little svikt.

## Competition

Sweden hosts an annual hambo world championship, called Hälsingehambon.

## Other music styles and dances in Swedish traditional folk


title: Hackås IF

abstract: Hackås IF is a sports club in Hackås, Sweden, established in 1935. The women's bandy team has played two seasons in the Swedish top division. The women's soccer team played four seasons in the Swedish top division between 1978 and 1981.

text:
# Hackås IF

**Hackås IF** is a sports club in Hackås, Sweden, established in 1935. The women's bandy team has played two seasons in the Swedish top division. The women's soccer team played four seasons in the Swedish top division between 1978 and 1981.

## InfoBox

Hackås IF
| Full name | Hackås idrottsförening |
| --- | --- |
| Sport | soccer<br>bandy,(earlier) |
| Founded | 1935 (1935) |
| Based in | Hackås, Sweden |


title: Hallstatt Lecture

abstract:
The Hallstatt Lecture is an hour-long lecture in any European language on some aspect of ancient and modern Celtic culture. It is given at The Tabernacle, Machynlleth in Wales at lunchtime on the Wednesday of each Machynlleth Festival.
  - Past lecturers
  -
  - 1991 Professor J. E. Caerwyn Williams
  - 1992 Morfydd Owen
  - 1993 Emeritus Professor Dafydd Jenkins
  - 1994 Frank Delaney
  - 1995 Unknown
  - 1996 John Meirion Morris
  - 1997 Gwynn ap Gwilym
  - 1998 Graham and Ann Arnold
  - 1999 Trevor Fishlock
  - 2000 Murray Chapman
  - 2001 Dr Marion Loffler
  - 2002 Simon Jenkins
  - 2003 Professor Alistair Crawford
  - 2004 Dr Damian Walford Davies
  - 2005 Derec Llwyd Morgan

text:
# Hallstatt Lecture

The **Hallstatt Lecture** is an hour-long lecture in any European language on some aspect of ancient and modern Celtic culture. It is given at The Tabernacle, Machynlleth in Wales at lunchtime on the Wednesday of each Machynlleth Festival.

Past lecturers

## Further reading

* Gwynn ap Gwilym: *Our Cousins' Verse: connections between some Welsh and Irish poets in the early twentieth century* (Hallstatt Lecture). Machynlleth Tabernacle Trust, Machynlleth, 1997 ISBN 0-9519971-3-0
* Trevor Fishlock: *Invitation to a Mystery* (Hallstatt Lecture). Machynlleth Tabernacle Trust, Machynlleth, 1999 ISBN 0-9519971-3-0


title: Hammer (American automobile)

abstract: The Hammer was an American automobile built in Detroit, Michigan by the Hammer Motor Company from 1905 to 1906. The Hammer was a light car built with a two-cylinder, 12 hp engine in 1905. This was replaced with a 24 hp, four-cylinder engine for 1906. The five-seater tonneau weighed 1,800 lb (820 kg), and came with a choice of a planetary or sliding-gear transmission, with a shaft final drive. The Hammer Motor Company was integrated as part of Hammer-Sommer when they went defunct in 1905.

text:
# Hammer (American automobile)

The **Hammer** was an American automobile built in Detroit, Michigan by the **Hammer Motor Company** from 1905 to 1906. The Hammer was a light car built with a two-cylinder, 12 hp engine in 1905. This was replaced with a 24 hp, four-cylinder engine for 1906. The five-seater tonneau weighed 1,800 lb (820 kg), and came with a choice of a planetary or sliding-gear transmission, with a shaft final drive. The Hammer Motor Company was integrated as part of Hammer-Sommer when they went defunct in 1905.

* G.N. Georgano (1968). *The Complete Encyclopedia of Motorcars, 1885 to Present*.


title: Riofrío del Llano

abstract: Riofrío del Llano is a municipality located in the province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 57 inhabitants.

text:
# Riofrío del Llano

**Riofrío del Llano** is a municipality located in the province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 57 inhabitants.

## InfoBox

| Riofrío del Llano, Spain | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Riofrío del Llano, SpainRiofrío del Llano, SpainRiofrío del Llano, Spain | |
| Coordinates: 41°08′16″N 2°49′29″W / 41.13778°N 2.82472°W / 41.13778; -2.82472 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Castile-La Mancha |
| Province | Guadalajara |
| Municipality | Riofrío del Llano |
| Area | |
| Total | 43 km2 (17 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1,018 m (3,340 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 49 |
| Density | 1.1/km2 (3.0/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Hamar Dagblad

abstract: Hamar Dagblad (1971-2022) was a weekly, free, local newspaper published in Hamar, Norway. It was part of Edda Media. The newspaper was first published on 1 December 1971, with three weekly issues. In 2005 it was reorganized from a subscription to free newspaper, and was distributed to 17,000 households in Hamar, Furnes and Ottestad. Tore Svensrud is the editor-in-chief of the newspaper. On 21 June 2022, it was announced that the board of Østlendingen decided to close the newspaper from 1 July of the same year.

text:
# Hamar Dagblad

***Hamar Dagblad*** (1971-2022) was a weekly, free, local newspaper published in Hamar, Norway. It was part of Edda Media.

The newspaper was first published on 1 December 1971, with three weekly issues. In 2005 it was reorganized from a subscription to free newspaper, and was distributed to 17,000 households in Hamar, Furnes and Ottestad. Tore Svensrud is the editor-in-chief of the newspaper. On 21 June 2022, it was announced that the board of Østlendingen decided to close the newspaper from 1 July of the same year.


title: Rio Vista High School

abstract: Rio Vista High School is a public high school located in the city of Rio Vista, California. The school is in the River Delta Unified School District.

text:
# Rio Vista High School

**Rio Vista High School** is a public high school located in the city of Rio Vista, California. The school is in the River Delta Unified School District.

## Statistics

### Demographics

**2016-17**

| White | African American | American Indian | Latino | Asian | Two or More Races | Not Reported |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 48.3% | 1.9% | 0.5% | 43.7% | 1.1% | 4.3% | 0.3% |

**Enrollment by Subgroup 2016-17**

| English Learners | Foster Youth | Homeless Youth | Migrant Education | Students with Disabilities | Socioeconomically Disadvantaged |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **55** | **0** | **4** | **5** | **48** | **186** |

### Standardized testing

| SAT Scores for 2015-16 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Average Reading Score** | **Average Math Score** | **Average Writing Score** |
| **Rio Vista High** | **463** | **465** | **456** |
| **River Delta District** | **471** | **468** | **459** |
| **Statewide** | **484** | **484** | **477** |

## Student activities

### Athletics

* Boys' Basketball
* Girls' Basketball
* Baseball
    + 1987-88 Section Champions
* Softball
* Football
* Girls’ Soccer
* Boys’ Soccer
* Golf
* Swimming
* Wrestling

1. "Rio Vista High". National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
2. "Rio Vista Rivalry". MaxPreps. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
3. "Enrollment by Ethnicity and Grade". *California Department of Education*. 2017.
4. "Enrollment by Subgroup". *California Department of Education*. 2017.
5. "SAT Report". *California Department of Education*. 2017.
6. "CIF Sac-Joaquin Section Team Past Champions" (PDF). *CIF Sac-Joaquin Section*. 2017.

## InfoBox

| Rio Vista High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
|  | |
| 410 South Fourth Street, Rio Vista, California, United States | |
| Coordinates | 38°09′16″N 121°41′52″W / 38.1545°N 121.6977°W / 38.1545; -121.6977 |
| Information | |
| Motto | "It's great to be a RAM Respect
Achieve
Make a difference" |
| School district | River Delta Unified School District |
| Principal | Victoria Turk |
| Staff | 22.17 (FTE) |
| Grades | 9-12 |
| Enrollment | 367 (2022-23) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 16.55 |
| Color(s) |  |
| Mascot | Ram |
| Rival | Delta High School |
| Website | rvhs-rdusd-ca.schoolloop.com |


title: Hampanagouda Badarli

abstract: Hampanagouda Badarli is an Indian politician from Karnataka. He is a five time MLA from Sindhanur Assembly constituency which is in Raichur district. He won the 2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election representing Indian National Congress.

text:
# Hampanagouda Badarli

**Hampanagouda Badarli** (born 1950) is an Indian politician from Karnataka. He is a five time MLA from Sindhanur Assembly constituency which is in Raichur district. He won the 2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election representing Indian National Congress.

## Early life and education

Badarli is from Sindhanur, Raichur district. His father Venkataraogouda was a farmer. He completed B.A. at Karnataka Collage, Darward in 1973.

## Career

Badarli won from Sindhanur Assembly constituency representing Indian National Congress in the 2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election. He polled 73,645 votes and defeated his nearest rival, K. Kariyappa of Bharatiya Janata Party, by a huge margin of 21,942 votes.

He became an MLA for the first time winning the 1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election representing Janata Dal and won again in 1999, 2004, 2013, and 2023 to become a five time MLA from Sindhanur Assembly constituency. In 2004, he joined Indian National Congress and defeated Hanumanagouda Amareshappagouda of Janata Dal (S) by a huge margin of 48,724 votes. He lost in 1994 against K. Virupakshappa of Indian National Congress by a narrow margin of 5486 votes, and against Nadagouda Venkatarao of JD (S) in 2008. In the 2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election, he represented Indian National Congress and defeated his nearest rival, K. Kariyappa of BSRC, by a margin of 13,016 votes.


title: Halfwidth and fullwidth forms

abstract: In CJK computing, graphic characters are traditionally classed into fullwidth and halfwidth characters. Unlike monospaced fonts, a halfwidth character occupies half the width of a fullwidth character, hence the name. Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms is also the name of a Unicode block U+FF00–FFEF, provided so that older encodings containing both halfwidth and fullwidth characters can have lossless translation to and from Unicode.

text:
# Halfwidth and fullwidth forms

In CJK (Chinese, Japanese, and Korean) computing, graphic characters are traditionally classed into **fullwidth** and **halfwidth** characters. Unlike monospaced fonts, a halfwidth character occupies half the width of a fullwidth character, hence the name.

*Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms* is also the name of a Unicode block U+FF00FFEF, provided so that older encodings containing both halfwidth and fullwidth characters can have lossless translation to and from Unicode.

## Rationale

In the days of text mode computing, Western characters were normally laid out in a grid on the screen, often 80 columns by 24 or 25 lines. Each character was displayed as a small dot matrix, often about 8 pixels wide, and a SBCS (single-byte character set) was generally used to encode characters of Western languages.

For aesthetic reasons and readability, it is preferable for Chinese characters to be approximately square-shaped, therefore twice as wide as these fixed-width SBCS characters. As these were typically encoded in a DBCS (double-byte character set), this also meant that their width on screen in a duospaced font was proportional to their byte length. Some terminals and editing programs could not deal with double-byte characters starting at odd columns, only even ones (some could not even put double-byte and single-byte characters in the same line). So the DBCS sets generally included Roman characters and digits also, for use alongside the CJK characters in the same line.

On the other hand, early Japanese computing used a single-byte code page called JIS X 0201 for katakana. These would be rendered at the same width as the other single-byte characters, making them half-width kana characters rather than normally proportioned kana. Although the JIS X 0201 standard itself did not specify half-width display for katakana, this became the visually distinguishing feature in Shift JIS between the single-byte JIS X 0201 and double-byte JIS X 0208 katakana. Some IBM code pages used a similar treatment for Korean jamo, based on the N-byte Hangul code and its EBCDIC translation.

## In Unicode

For compatibility with existing character sets that contained both half- and fullwidth versions of the same character, Unicode allocated a single block at U+FF00FFEF containing the necessary "alternative width" characters. This includes a fullwidth version of all the ASCII characters and some non-ASCII punctuation such as the Yen sign, halfwidth versions of katakana and hangul, and halfwidth versions of some other symbols such as circles. Only characters needed for lossless round trip to existing character sets were allocated, rather than (for instance) making a fullwidth version of every Latin accented character.

Unicode assigns *every* code point an "East Asian width" property. This may be:

Unicode character properties based on width
| Abbreviation | Name | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| W | Wide | Naturally wide character, e.g. Hiragana. |
| Na | Narrow | Naturally narrow character, e.g. ISO Basic Latin alphabet. |
| F | Fullwidth | Wide variant with compatibility normalisation to naturally narrow character, e.g. fullwidth Latin script. |
| H | Halfwidth | Narrow variant with compatibility normalisation to naturally wide character, e.g. half-width kana. Includes U+20A9 () as an exception. |
| A | Ambiguous | Characters included in East Asian DBCS codes but also in European SBCS codes, e.g. Greek alphabet. Duospaced behaviour can consequently vary. |
| N | Neutral | Characters which do not appear in East Asian DBCS codes, e.g. Devanagari. |

Terminal emulators can use this property to decide whether a character should consume one or two "columns" when figuring out tabs and cursor position.

## In OpenType

OpenType has the `fwid`, `halt`, `hwid`, and `vhal` feature tags to be used to reproduce fullwidth or halfwidth form of a character. CSS provides control over these features using `font-variant-east-asian` and `font-feature-settings` properties.

1. "ICU Demonstration - Converter Explorer". *demo.icu-project.org*. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
2. Lunde, Ken (2019-01-25). "Unicode® Standard Annex #11: East Asian Width". Unicode Consortium.
3. "Syntax for OpenType features in CSS". Adobe. Retrieved 2023-09-20.


title: Hamsanandi

abstract: Hamsanandi is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is a hexatonic scale. It is a derived scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras. Hamsanandi is a janya rāgam of Gamanashrama, the 53rd Melakarta rāgam. It has only the invariant panchamam missing from its parent scale, Gamanashrama, like Shree ranjani. Sohni raga in Hindustani classical music that belongs to the Marwa thaat resembles Hamsanandi.

text:
# Hamsanandi

**Hamsanandi** (pronounced hamsānandi) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a hexatonic scale (*shadava* rāgam, which means "of 6"). It is a derived scale (*janya* rāgam), as it does not have all the seven *swaras* (musical notes). *Hamsanandi* is a *janya* rāgam of *Gamanashrama*, the 53rd *Melakarta* rāgam. It has only the invariant *panchamam* missing from its parent scale, *Gamanashrama*, like *Shree ranjani*.

Sohni raga in Hindustani classical music that belongs to the Marwa thaat resembles Hamsanandi.

## Structure and Lakshana

*Hamsanandi* is a symmetric scale that does not contain *panchamam*. It is called a *shadava-shadava* rāgam, in Carnatic music classification (as it has 6 notes in both ascending and descending scales). Its *ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa* structure is as follows (see *swaras* in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):

This scale uses the notes *shadjam, shuddha rishabham, antara gandharam, prati madhyamam, chathusruthi dhaivatham* and *kakali nishadam*.

*Hamsanandi* is an evening rāgam. It has ample scope for *alapana* and *swara prasthara* (phrases of notes). This scale has been used by many composers for compositions in classical music. It has been used to score film music too. Here are some popular compositions in *Hamsanandi*.

## Film Songs

### Language : Hindi

Songs composed in Sohni(Hindustani) are listed below which sound similar to Hamsanandi(Carnatic)

| Song | Movie | Composer | Singers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Kuhu Kuhu Bole Koyaliya | Suvarna Sundari | P. Adinarayana Rao | Mohammad Rafi & Lata Mangeshkar |
| Jhumati Chali Hava | Sangeet Samrat Tansen | S. N. Tripathi | Mukesh (singer) |
| Prem Jogan Ban Ke | Mughal-e-Azam | Naushad | Bade Ghulam Ali Khan |
| Jivan Jyot Jale | Grahasti (film) | Ravi (composer) | Asha Bhosle |
| Kanha Re Kanha | Truck Driver(1970 film) | Sonik-Omi | Lata Mangeshkar |

### Language:Tamil

| Song | Movie | Composer | Singer |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Thesulaavudhe Then Malaraale | Manaalane Mangaiyin Baakkiyam | P. Adinarayana Rao | Ghantasala, P. Susheela |
| Kaalaiyum Neeye | Then Nilavu | A. M. Rajah | A. M. Rajah, S. Janaki |
| Ninaithal Podhum Aaduven | Nenjirukkum Varai | M. S. Viswanathan | S. Janaki |
| Sammatham Sammatham | Neram Nallarukku | | K.J. Yesudas,K. S. Chithra |
| Ennakoduppan | Karnan | Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy | P. B. Sreenivas |
| Ezhumalai Irukka | Thirumalai Deivam | Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan | K. B. Sundarambal |
| Vedham Anuvilum | Salangai Oli | Illayaraja | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. P. Sailaja |
| Nee Paadum Paadal | Enkeyo Ketta Kural | | S. Janaki |
| Putham Puthu | Thalapathi | | K.J. Yesudas, S. Janaki |
| Or Poomalai | Iniya Uravu Poothathu | | Mano, K. S. Chithra |
| Keerthana | En Paadal Unakaga | | Mano |
| Oru Pooncholai | Vaathiyaar Veettu Pillai | | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra |
| Sammatham Thanthuten Nambu | Kadhal Devathai | |
| Ganakkuyilae | Pooncholai | | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Bhavatharini |
| Raathiriyil Poothirukum | Thanagamagan | | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki |
| Vaanam Niram Maarum | Dhavani Kanavugal | |
| Raaga Theebam Yetrum | Payanangal Mudivathillai | | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam |
| Nee Varuvai | Gowrimanohari | | M.M.A. Iniyavan |
| Vaan Mazhai Pol | Endravadhu Oru Naal | | Shankar–Ganesh |
| Ezhu Swaramum | Oru Pudhiya Kadhai | | Uma Kannadasan |
| Vaigai Karaiyinile | Kanavan Ready | | Sirpy |
| Oh Vennila | Senbaga Thottam | | K.J. Yesudas |
| Pottu Vaithu Poomudikkum | Ninaithen Vandhai | Deva | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Swarnalatha |
| Vaname Ketkutha En Paatu | Nadodi Kathal | | Malaysia Vasudevan |
| Idhya Veliyil | Oru Pudhiya Udhayam | | Mano, Swarnalatha |
| Anbe Anbe | Chinna Raja | | P. Unnikrishnan |
| O Kannukkul | Dhinamdhorum | Oviyan | P. Unnikrishnan, Swarnalatha |

This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

### Scale similarities

* *Sunadavinodini* is a popular rāgam which sounds similar to *Hamsanandi*, which does not have the *shuddha rishabham*. Its *ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa* structure is S G₃ M₂ D₂ N₃ :  N₃ D₂ M₂ G₃ S

1. *Ragas in Carnatic music* by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications
2. *Raganidhi* by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras

## InfoBox

Hamsanandi
| Arohanam | S R₁ G₃ M₂ D₂ N₃ |
| --- | --- |
| Avarohanam | N₃ D₂ M₂ G₃ R₁ S |


title: Hamiota perovalis

abstract: Hamiota perovalis, the orangenacre mucket or orange-nacre mucket, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. This species is endemic to Alabama and Mississippi in the United States. It is listed as Threatened under the Endangered Species Act.

text:
# Hamiota perovalis

***Hamiota perovalis***, the **orangenacre mucket** or **orange-nacre mucket**, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.

This species is endemic to Alabama and Mississippi in the United States. It is listed as Threatened under the Endangered Species Act.

## Taxonomy

It was first described in 1834 by Timothy Abbott Conrad as *Unio perovalis*. It was placed in the *Lampsilis* genus through the 20th century and in 2005, Roe and Hartfield placed it in a new genus *Hamiota*. Placement in the genus was based on characteristics such as a superconglutinate lure, placement and shape of the marsupia (gills), and release of larvae through the excurrent siphon. *Lampsilis spillmanii* is also now considered the same as *Hamiota perovalis*.

## Geography

The orangenacre mucket historically occurred in the Alabama River and tributaries of the Tombigbee, Black Warrior, and Little Cahaba rivers. According to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, as of 2014 it existed in several tributaries of the Tombigbee, including the Buttahatchee, East Fork Tombigbee, Sipsey, and Little Cahaba. It has not been reported from the Alabama River since the 19th century.

The most robust population is in the Sipsey Fork, though it was affected by drought in 2000.

## Description

This mussel is 5 to 9 centimeters (2 to 3.6 inches) long and oval in shape. It is yellow to reddish brown in color, sometimes with green rays. The nacre can be orange, rose, pink, or white. In females, the posterior margin of the shell is sloped and shortened.

## Habitat

It lives in large to small streams and rivers, in margins or flowing pools with stable sand or gravel bottoms.

## Life Cycle

It is mainly sedentary, and likely feeds on zooplankton and organic detritus by siphoning the water like other species of *Unionidae*. The sexes are separate, and the male releases sperm into the water, which is taken in by the female's siphon.

Between March and June, the female releases a mucous-encased package of larvae resembling a small minnow, complete with a black stripe and eye spot, which she uses to lure host fish for her parasitic larva (glochidia). The package, called a superconglutinate, is attached to the female or to a substrate by a long mucous tether, so that it darts in the water like a fish. (video of *Hamiota perovalis* using a lure)

When a fish bites at the lure, it ruptures, sending a cloud of larvae at the fish, many of which attach to the fish's gills to feed off it as they develop. The glochidia feed off the host fish for 20-50 days, before dropping off as juvenile mussels and burying themselves into the stream bottom.

The orangenacre mucket is a host specialist, meaning it requires a specific kind of fish. Primary host fish are three species of *Micropterus*: spotted bass, redeye bass, and largemouth bass, and possibly the chain pickerel. The large size of its superconglutinate is adapted to the prey size of these bass. (Image of a *hamiota perovalis* superconglutinate)

*Hamiota* species can also use a mantle lure, flapping part of their body to attract fish.

## Threats and Conservation

The orangenacre mucket was listed as Threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 1993, and critical habitat was established in 2004. It is listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List (updated in 1996), and G1 Critically Imperiled by NatureServe.

Major threats to the species are dams and other alteration of river systems, sedimentation, debris removal, and water pollution. More than 1,700 km (1,100 mi) of the Mobile River basin are impounded by small and large dams, a 700 km increase since 1993. Sedimentation and reduced water flow due to dams cause suffocation, decreased oxygen levels and food supply in the river, and change the habitat. Changes affect host fish which mussels rely on to reproduce. Dam construction also isolates populations, making it impossible for populations to form in new areas due to the physical barrier.

Other causes of sediment in the water that affect this species are gravel mining, abandoned kaolin mines, channel alteration, agriculture, forestry, and industrial and residential development. The orangenacre mucket has disappeared from the lower part of the Buttahatchee River due to impoundments and diversion of the river for gravel mines.

Freshwater mussels are highly sensitive to pollutants such as chlorine, ammonia, heavy metals, and high levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. These pollutants enter the stream through agricultural run-off and municipal and industrial wastewater.

The Alabama Aquatic Biodiversity Center reintroduced the species to several locations beginning in 2012, at least one of which has been successful so far.

Recent projects in Alabama such as a fish passage in the Clairborne dam and a 2024 purchase of wetland by the Nature Conservancy show growing concern for protection of the Mobile basin's river habitats.

## InfoBox

| *Hamiota perovalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Museum specimen | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Critically Imperiled  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Bivalvia |
| Order: | Unionida |
| Family: | Unionidae |
| Genus: | *Hamiota* |
| Species: | ***H. perovalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hamiota perovalis***
(Conrad, 1834) | |
|
|  | |
| Synonyms | |
| *Lampsilis perovalis* (Conrad, 1834) | |


title: Rimbick

abstract: Rimbick is a village in the Darjeeling Pulbazar CD block in the Darjeeling Sadar subdivision of the Darjeeling district in West Bengal, India.

text:
# Rimbick

**Rimbick** is a village in the Darjeeling Pulbazar CD block in the Darjeeling Sadar subdivision of the Darjeeling district in West Bengal, India.

## Geography

8km
5milesSIK K IMNEP A L Rammam
River River Rangeet Singalila Ridge Senchal
Wildlife SanctuaryNP Rock GardenTA Tiger HillH Phoobsering TETE North Tukvar TETE Singalila
National
ParkNP PhalutH SandakphuH GhumN TongluR ManebhanjyangR Orange Valley TGR Rishihat TGR Soom TGR Singla TGR Tukvar TGR RimbickR Puttabong TETE LodhomaR BijanbariR DarjeelingM Badamtam TETE Singtam TGCT  Ging TGCT  Chongtong TGCT**Places and tea estates in the north-western portion of Darjeeling Sadar subdivision (including Darjeeling Pulbazar CD block) in Darjeeling district**
CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, N: neighbourhood, H: hill centre, NP: national park/ wildlife sanctuary, TE: tea estate, TA: tourist attraction
Abbreviations used in names – TG for Tea Garden (town/village), TE for Tea Estate
Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly

### Location

Rimbick is located at 27°07′20″N 88°06′26″E / 27.1221°N 88.1071°E / 27.1221; 88.1071.

Rimbick is a village near the India-Nepal border. It is 56 km away from Darjeeling town. It is known for its scenery. Many trekkers take the jeep to Darjeeling town from here as its readily available.

There are places like Guffa, Jarayo Pokhari, Namla falls and Hospital Dara View Point for tourist to visit. The Tuesday bazaar is an attraction there.

### Area overview

The map alongside shows the northern portion of the Darjeeling Himalayan hill region. Kangchenjunga, which rises with an elevation of 8,586 metres (28,169 ft) is located further north of the area shown.Sandakphu, rising to a height of 3,665 metres (12,024 ft), on the Singalila Ridge, is the highest point in West Bengal. In Darjeeling Sadar subdivision 61% of the total population lives in the rural areas and 39% of the population lives in the urban areas. There are 78 tea gardens or estates (the figure varies slightly according to different sources), producing and largely exporting Darjeeling tea in the district. It engages a large proportion of the population directly/ indirectly. Some tea gardens were identified in the 2011 census as census towns or villages. Such places are marked in the map as CT (census town) or R (rural/ urban centre). Specific tea estate pages are marked TE.

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Rimbick had a total population of 6,980 of which 3,544 (51%) were males and 3,436 (49%) were females. There were 659 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The total number of literate people in Rimbick was 5,137 (75.60% of the population over 6 years).

## Education

Rimbik Higher Secondary School is an English-medium coeducational institution established in 1948. It has facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has 5 computers and a playground.

## InfoBox

| Rimbick | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| RimbickLocation in West Bengal, IndiaRimbickRimbick (India) | |
| Coordinates: 27°07′20″N 88°06′26″E / 27.1221°N 88.1071°E / 27.1221; 88.1071 | |
| Country | India |
| State | West Bengal |
| District | Darjeeling |
| Elevation | 2,286 m (7,500 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 2,752 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 734201 |
| Telephone/STD code | 0353 |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Darjeeling |
| Vidhan Sabha constituency | Darjeeling |
| Website | darjeeling.gov.in |


title: Rimberg

abstract: Rimberg is a locality in the municipality Schmallenberg in the district Hochsauerlandkreis in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The hamlet has 4 inhabitants and lies in the north of the municipality of Schmallenberg at a height of around 610 m. Rimberg borders on the villages of Sonderhof and Bad Fredeburg.

text:
# Rimberg

**Rimberg** is a locality in the municipality Schmallenberg in the district Hochsauerlandkreis in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

The hamlet has 4 inhabitants and lies in the north of the municipality of Schmallenberg at a height of around 610 m. Rimberg borders on the villages of Sonderhof and Bad Fredeburg.

## InfoBox

| Rimberg | |
| --- | --- |
| Stadtteil of Schmallenberg | |
|  | |
| Location of Rimberg | |
| Rimberg Rimberg | |
| Coordinates: 51°13′3″N 8°20′57″E / 51.21750°N 8.34917°E / 51.21750; 8.34917 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | North Rhine-Westphalia |
| Admin. region | Arnsberg |
| District | Hochsauerlandkreis |
| Town | Schmallenberg |
| Population (2021-12-31) | |
| Total | 4 |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |


title: Rimbey-Rocky Mountain House-Sundre

abstract: Rimbey-Rocky Mountain House-Sundre is a provincial electoral district in central Alberta, Canada. The district was created in the 2010 boundary redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using the first past the post voting system. It includes the towns of Bentley, Eckville, Rimbey, Rocky Mountain House, and Sundre.

text:
# Rimbey-Rocky Mountain House-Sundre

**Rimbey-Rocky Mountain House-Sundre** is a provincial electoral district in central Alberta, Canada. The district was created in the 2010 boundary redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using the first past the post voting system. It includes the towns of Bentley, Eckville, Rimbey, Rocky Mountain House, and Sundre.

## History

The electoral district was created in the 2010 Alberta boundary re-distribution. It was created from the old electoral district of Rocky Mountain House which was expanded to include the town of Rimbey, Alberta which was previously in Lacombe-Ponoka. The riding also gained some land west of Sylvan Lake.

### Boundary history

### Electoral history

| Members of the Legislative Assembly for
Rimbey-Rocky Mountain House-Sundre | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Assembly | Years | Member | | Party |
| *See Rocky Mountain House 1940-2012* | | | | |
| 28th | 2012–2014 |  | Joe Anglin | Wildrose |
| | 2014–2015 |  | | Independent |
| 29th | 2015–2017 |  | Jason Nixon | Wildrose |
| | 2017–2019 |  | | United
Conservative |
| 30th | | | | 2019–2023 |
| 31st | | | | 2023– |

The predecessor Rocky Mountain House had returned Progressive Conservative MLAs since 1971. From 1940 to 1970 popular Social Credit MLA Alfred Hooke represented the district. The current incumbent is Jason Nixon who won the seat for the Wildrose Party in the 2015 election.

## Legislative election results

### 2023

| 2023 Alberta general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | United Conservative | Jason Nixon | 15,571 | 69.46 | -12.18 |
|  | Independent | Tim Hoven | 3,393 | 15.14 |  |
|  | New Democratic | Vance Buchwald | 3,118 | 13.91 | +4.81 |
|  | Independent | Fred Schwieger | 135 | 0.60 |  |
|  | Advantage Party | Carol Nordlund Kinsey | 103 | 0.46 | -0.18 |
|  | Wildrose Loyalty Coalition | Tami Tatlock | 96 | 0.43 |  |
| Total | | | 22,416 | 99.37 |  |
| Rejected and declined | | | 142 | 0.63 |
| Turnout | | | 22,558 | 64.89 |
| Eligible voters | | | 34,766 |
|  | United Conservative **hold** | | Swing | | -13.66 |
| Source(s) Source: Elections Alberta | | | | | | |

### 2019

| 2019 Alberta general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | United Conservative | Jason Nixon | 20,579 | 81.64 | +9.28 |
|  | New Democratic | Jeff Ible | 2,293 | 9.10 | -8.10 |
|  | Alberta Party | Joe Anglin | 1,350 | 5.36 | +4.85 |
|  | Freedom Conservative | Dawn Berard | 303 | 1.20 |  |
|  | Green | Jane Drummond | 286 | 1.13 | +1.04 |
|  | Alberta Independence | David Rogers | 185 | 0.73 |  |
|  | Alberta Advantage Party | Paula Lamoureux | 161 | 0.64 |  |
|  | Independent | Gordon Francey | 50 | 0.20 |  |
| Total | | | 25,207 | 99.26 |  |
| Rejected, spoiled and declined | | | 189 | 0.74 |
| Turnout | | | 25,396 | 75.36 |
| Eligible voters | | | 33,699 |
|  | United Conservative **notional hold** | | Swing | | +8.69 |
| Source(s) Source: "80 - Rimbey-Rocky Mountain House-Sundre, 2019 Alberta general election". *officialresults.elections.ab.ca*. Elections Alberta. Retrieved May 21, 2020.
Alberta. Chief Electoral Officer (2019). 2019 General Election. A Report of the Chief Electoral Officer. Volume II (PDF) (Report). Vol. 2. Edmonton, Alta.: Elections Alberta. pp. 386–393. ISBN 978-1-988620-12-1. Retrieved April 7, 2021. | | | | | | |

### 2015

| 2015 Alberta general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Wildrose | Jason Nixon | 6,670 | 40.11% | -11.31% |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Tammy Coté | 5,296 | 31.85% | -8.70% |
|  | New Democratic | Hannah Schlamp | 2,791 | 16.78% | 11.58% |
|  | Independent | Joe Anglin | 1,871 | 11.25% |  |
| Total | | | 16,628 |  |  |
| Rejected, spoiled and declined | | | 60 | 37 | 10 |
| Eligible electors / turnout | | | 32,578 | 51.26% | -2.47% |
|  | Wildrose **hold** | | Swing | | -1.30% |
| Source(s) Source: "77 - Rimbey-Rocky Mountain House-Sundre, 2015 Alberta general election". *officialresults.elections.ab.ca*. Elections Alberta. Retrieved May 21, 2020.
Chief Electoral Officer (2016). 2015 General Election. A Report of the Chief Electoral Officer (PDF) (Report). Edmonton, Alta.: Elections Alberta. pp. 411–412. | | | | | | |

| 2015 Alberta general election redistributed results | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Votes | % |
|  | Wildrose | 7,604 | 40.34 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | 6,036 | 32.02 |
|  | New Democratic | 3,242 | 17.20 |
|  | Independent | 1,856 | 9.85 |
|  | Alberta Party | 95 | 0.50 |
|  | Green | 18 | 0.10 |
| Source(s) Source: Ridingbuilder | | | | | | |

### 2012

| 2012 Alberta general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Wildrose Alliance | Joe Anglin | 7,664 | 51.42% |  |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Ty Lund | 6,044 | 40.55% |  |
|  | New Democratic | Doreen Broska | 776 | 5.21% |  |
|  | Liberal | Mason Sisson | 420 | 2.82% |  |
| Total | | | 14,904 |  |  |
| Rejected, spoiled and declined | | | 57 | 33 | 8 |
| Eligible electors / turnout | | | 27,863 | 53.72% |  |
|  | Wildrose Alliance **pickup** new district. | | | | | | |
| Source(s) Source: "77 - Rimbey-Rocky Mountain House-Sundre, 2012 Alberta general election". *officialresults.elections.ab.ca*. Elections Alberta. Retrieved May 21, 2020.
Chief Electoral Officer (2012). The Report of the Chief Electoral Officer on the 2011 Provincial Enumeration and Monday, April 23, 2012 Provincial General Election of the Twenty-eighth Legislative Assembly (PDF) (Report). Edmonton, Alta.: Elections Alberta. pp. 456–458. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved April 7, 2021. | | | | | | |

## Senate nominee election results

### 2012

## Student vote results

### 2012

| **2012 Alberta student vote results** | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Affiliation** | | **Candidate** | **Votes** | **%** |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Diana McQueen |  | % |
|  | Wildrose | Dean Shular |
|  | Liberal | Mason Sisson |  | % |
|  | NDP |  |  | % |
| **Total** | | |  | **100%** |

## InfoBox

Rimbey-Rocky Mountain House-Sundre
| Alberta electoral district | |
| --- | --- |
| Rimbey-Rocky Mountain House-Sundre within Alberta, 2017 boundaries | |
| Provincial electoral district | |
| Legislature | Legislative Assembly of Alberta |
| MLA |
     Jason Nixon
United Conservative |
| District created | 2010 |
| First contested | 2012 |
| Last contested | 2023 |


title: Rinaldo Alessandrini

abstract: Rinaldo Alessandrini is a virtuoso on Baroque keyboards, including harpsichord, fortepiano, and organ. He is founder and conductor of the Italian early music ensemble Concerto Italiano, performing music of Monteverdi, Vivaldi, Couperin, Bach, and others. He is considered a foremost interpreter of early Italian opera. Alessandrini did not start piano until around the age of 14. In parallel he participated in a choral ensemble. At age 18 he discovered the harpsichord, took lessons with Ton Koopman, and subsequently gave his first concert. In 2009 Alessandrini conducted his Concerto Italiano at the annual Misteria Paschalia Festival in Kraków, Poland.

text:
# Rinaldo Alessandrini

**Rinaldo Alessandrini** (born 25 January 1960) is a virtuoso on Baroque keyboards, including harpsichord, fortepiano, and organ. He is founder and conductor of the Italian early music ensemble Concerto Italiano, performing music of Monteverdi, Vivaldi, Couperin, Bach, and others. He is considered a foremost interpreter of early Italian opera.

Alessandrini did not start piano until around the age of 14. In parallel he participated in a choral ensemble. At age 18 he discovered the harpsichord, took lessons with Ton Koopman, and subsequently gave his first concert.

In 2009 Alessandrini conducted his Concerto Italiano at the annual Misteria Paschalia Festival in Kraków, Poland.

## Discography

Alessandrini has recorded for Tactus, Italy, for the Opus 111 label of Yolanta Skura, now part of Naïve Records, and the Arcana label of Michel Bernstein.


title: Rinaldo Barlassina

abstract: Rinaldo Barlassina was an Italian international football referee. He was one of the first three Italian referees to officiate in the World Cup.

text:
# Rinaldo Barlassina

**Rinaldo Barlassina** (2 May 1898 in Novara, Italy – 23 December 1946 in Bergamo, Italy) was an Italian international football referee. He was one of the first three Italian referees to officiate in the World Cup (with Francesco Mattea and Albino Carraro).

## Career

He officiated 36 international matches and was FIFA referee in 1931–1942. He attributed 4 matches in 1934 (3) and 1938 (1) World Cup, 1938 World Cup qualifying (2), 1936 Olympic Games (1) and others were in friendly matches. He gave a red card in friendly match in 1935 between Hungary-Austria (6:3) to home team footballer Pál Titkos in 88th minute. He also attributed 4 matches in Central European International Cup in 1931 and 1934-1935 editions and 1937 Eduard Benes Cup Romania-Czechoslovakia (1:1) match which all were friendly matches.

In club football he officiated two Mitropa Cup matches in 1931 and 1936 editions which all of them were final matches.

Below are his important matches where he officiated:

| Date | Match | Team1 | Score | Score | Team2 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 27 May 1934 | WC 1934 Round of 16 | Hungary | 4 | 2 | Egypt |
| 31 May 1934 | WC 1934 Quarter final | Germany | 2 | 1 | Sweden |
| 3 Jun. 1934 | WC 1934 Semi final | Czechoslovakia | 3 | 1 | Germany |
| 6 Aug. 1936 | OG 1936 First Round | Peru | 7 | 3 | Finland |
| 7 Nov. 1937 | WC 1938 Qualification | Bulgaria | 1 | 1 | Czechoslovakia |
| 3 Apr. 1938 | WC 1938 Qualification | Yugoslavia | 1 | 0 | Poland |
| 12 Jun. 1938 | WC 1938 Quarter final | Hungary | 2 | 0 | Switzerland |

## References and notes

## InfoBox

Rinaldo Barlassina
| Born | 2 May 1898
Novara, Italy | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Died | 23 December 1946
Bergamo, Italy | | |
| Years |  | **Role** |
| 1931–1942 |  | football referee |


title: River-class offshore patrol vessel

abstract: The River class is a class of offshore patrol vessels built primarily for the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom. A total of nine were built for the Royal Navy (RN), four Batch 1 and five Batch 2. One Batch 1 (HMS Clyde), which was the Falklands guard ship, was decommissioned and transferred at the end of its lease to the Royal Bahrain Naval Force. The three remaining Batch 1 ships perform fisheries security and border patrol tasks in UK waters. The five new Batch 2 ships provide overseas forward presence, performing maritime security duties and disaster relief operations, often supported by a Royal Fleet Auxiliary vessel. The Batch 1 ships of the class replaced the seven ships of the Island class and the two Castle-class patrol vessels. HTMS Krabi was the first of two ships adapting the River design for the Royal Thai Navy and built in Thailand. The three ships of the Amazonas-class offshore patrol vessel in service with the Brazilian Navy were developed from the Batch 1 River-class design, and the Royal Navy's Batch 2 ships were in turn based upon the Amazonas design.

text:
# River-class offshore patrol vessel

The **River class** is a class of offshore patrol vessels built primarily for the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom. A total of nine were built for the Royal Navy (RN), four Batch 1 and five Batch 2. One Batch 1 (HMS *Clyde*), which was the Falklands guard ship, was decommissioned and transferred at the end of its lease to the Royal Bahrain Naval Force.

The three remaining Batch 1 ships perform fisheries security and border patrol tasks in UK waters. The five new Batch 2 ships provide overseas forward presence, performing maritime security duties and disaster relief operations, often supported by a Royal Fleet Auxiliary vessel.

The Batch 1 ships of the class replaced the seven ships of the Island class and the two Castle-class patrol vessels.

HTMS *Krabi* was the first of two ships adapting the River design for the Royal Thai Navy and built in Thailand. The three ships of the *Amazonas*-class offshore patrol vessel in service with the Brazilian Navy were developed from the Batch 1 River-class design, and the Royal Navy's Batch 2 ships were in turn based upon the *Amazonas* design.

## Royal Navy

### Batch 1

#### *Tyne*, *Severn* and *Mersey*

In early 2001, the Ministry of Defence placed an order with Vosper Thornycroft (VT) for three River-class offshore patrol vessels to replace the Island class. It was understood that the higher availability rates of the River class (up to 300 days per year) would enable the three new ships to perform the duties of the five ships they replaced. The Royal Navy initially leased the ships from VT under a five-year, £60 million contract. As part of the contract, VT would be responsible for all maintenance and support during the charter period. This contract was renewed in January 2007 for another five years at £52 million. However, in September 2012, instead of renewing the contract again, it was announced by the then Defence Secretary Philip Hammond that the Ministry of Defence had purchased the vessels for £39 million.

The River class are significantly larger than the Island-class vessels and have a large open deck aft allowing them to be fitted with equipment for a specific role, which can include fire-fighting, disaster relief and anti-pollution work. For this purpose, a 25-tonne (25-long-ton; 28-short-ton) capacity crane is fitted. In addition, the deck is strong enough for the transport of various tracked and wheeled light vehicles, or an LCVP. The class are primarily used with the Fishery Protection Squadron and EEZ patrol. In 2009, the average running costs for the River class were reported in Parliament at an estimated £20 million: "These figures, based on the expenditure incurred by the Ministry of Defence in 2009–10, include maintenance, safety certification, military upgrades, manpower, inventory, satellite communication, fuel costs and depreciation."

On 24 April 2017, in a written answer to a question raised by Sir Nicholas Soames, Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Defence Harriett Baldwin stated *Severn* would be decommissioned in 2017, with *Mersey* and *Clyde* following in 2019. *Severn* was decommissioned in a ceremony at Portsmouth on 27 October 2017, with *Tyne* due to follow in May 2018; however, the latter was brought back into service due to defects with *Forth*.

In March 2018, Baldwin's successor as Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Defence, Guto Bebb, announced that £12.7m had been allocated from the "EU Exit Preparedness Fund" to maintain the three Batch 1 ships to control and enforce UK waters and fisheries following the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union. On 22 November 2018, the Defence Secretary, Gavin Williamson, formally announced that the first three Batch 1 River-class ships would be retained in service.

HMS *Tyne*, *Mersey* and *Severn* are now part of the Offshore Division of the Coastal Forces Squadron (the renamed 1st Patrol Boat Squadron).

#### *Clyde*

In February 2005, the Ministry of Defence placed an order with VT for the charter of a fourth modified River-class offshore patrol vessel. This fourth ship, HMS *Clyde* (P257), was constructed at Portsmouth Dockyard and replaced the two Castle-class patrol vessels for duties around the South Atlantic and the Falkland Islands. To fulfil this role, *Clyde* incorporates several modifications, including an extended length 81.5 m (267 ft 5 in) hull, a top speed of 21 knots (39 km/h; 24 mph), a 30 mm cannon, two miniguns and mountings for five general purpose machine guns. *Clyde*'s elongated hull permits a 20-metre (66 ft) strengthened flight deck able to accommodate an AgustaWestland AW101 Merlin-sized helicopter. The ship has a full load displacement between 1,850 and 2,000 tonnes. *Clyde* was capable of temporarily embarking up to 110 troops and their equipment and inserting them anywhere on the Falkland Islands. *Clyde* had a complement of 36. *Clyde* was decommissioned on 20 December 2019.

*Clyde* was not owned by the Royal Navy, but had instead been leased via a PFI public–private partnership deal with BAE Systems. While the other three were purchased outright by the M.O.D, on 7 August 2020 it was announced in a ceremony held at the HMNB Portsmouth Naval Base that *Clyde* had been transferred to the Royal Bahrain Naval Force, with the ship renamed as *Al-Zubara*.

### Batch 2

#### *Forth*, *Medway*, *Trent*

On 6 November 2013 it was announced that the British Government had signed an Agreement in Principle to build three new offshore patrol vessels, based on the River-class design, at a fixed price of £348 million including spares and support for the Royal Navy. In August 2014, BAE Systems signed the contract to build the ships at their BAE Systems Maritime – Naval Ships shipyards in Glasgow on the River Clyde. The Ministry of Defence stated that the Batch 2 ships are capable of being used for constabulary duties such as "counter-terrorism, counter-piracy and anti-smuggling operations". According to BAE Systems, the vessels are designed to be deployed globally, conducting anti-piracy, counter-terrorism and anti-smuggling tasks currently conducted by frigates and destroyers. Steel was cut on 10 October 2014 and the class started entering service from 2017, with the last being delivered in August 2020. The ships are built at the BAE Systems Govan shipyard, then transferred to the BAE Systems Scotstoun shipyard for fitting out.

The Batch 2 ships are fundamentally different in appearance and capabilities from the preceding Batch 1. Notable differences include the 90.5 metres (296 ft 11 in) long hull, a top speed of 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph), a flight deck that can take an AgustaWestland Merlin helicopter, a displacement of around 2,000 tonnes and greatly expanded capacity for accommodating troops. The Batch 2 ships also have a different (full width) superstructure, and a fundamentally different above-water hullform shape (greater bow flare, different and less-pronounced forward knuckle line compared to the Batch 1 ships, lack of the distinctive forward and aft bulwarks of the Batch 1 vessels). The class is also fitted with the Kelvin Hughes SharpEye integrated radar system for navigation, the Terma Scanter 4100 2D radar for air and surface surveillance, and a BAE CMS-1 "Combat Management System".

Batch 2 are also the first Royal Navy ships fitted with the BAE Systems Shared Infrastructure operating system. BAE describes Shared Infrastructure as "a state-of-the-art system that will revolutionise the way ships operate by using virtual technologies to host and integrate the sensors, weapons and management systems that complex warships require. Replacing multiple large consoles dedicated to specific tasks with a single hardware solution reduces the number of spares required to be carried onboard and will significantly decrease through-life costs."

The class has been criticised in evidence to the Commons Defence Select Committee: lacking a helicopter hangar, something that will limit usefulness of the helicopter deck by preventing embarkation of a helicopter for anything other than very short periods; lacking a medium calibre gun (such as 76 mm); and poor value for money. It is argued that because of the lack of these features - which could have been incorporated for the price - the vessels will not be as capable in the ocean-going patrol capacity as claimed. A criticism of the class is that the reasoning behind their commissioning was simply to ensure that public money continued to support BAE dockyards and jobs prior to the ordering of the Type 26 frigate.

The Batch 2 ships for the Royal Navy include some 29 modifications and enhancements over the *Amazonas*-class corvette built by BAE Systems for the Brazilian Navy. The Royal Navy ships are built to more stringent naval standards, with features such as magazine protection, improved hull integrity and fire safety modifications, as well as greater redundancy.

The first, HMS *Forth*, was christened at a ceremony at the BAE Systems Scotstoun shipyard in Glasgow on 9 March 2017. *Forth* replaced HMS *Clyde* as the Falkland Islands guardship in December 2019.

All Batch 2 ships will fulfil forward presence tasks, permanently stationed overseas with rotating crews, releasing the Type 23 frigates which previously filled the roles for other duties. HMS *Medway* was commissioned in September 2019 and in January 2020 deployed as the long-term Atlantic Patrol Task (North) ship in the Caribbean.

HMS *Trent* was commissioned in August 2020 and immediately deployed to the Mediterranean on anti-people smuggling tasks. The 2021 defence white paper announced that she would henceforth be permanently based in Gibraltar for operations in the Mediterranean and in the Gulf of Guinea.

#### *Tamar* and *Spey*

The Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015 announced a further purchase of two more Batch 2 ships at an undisclosed date in the future. Expectations at the time were that this would encompass the three Batch 2 ships announced in 2013, the two additional Batch 2 ships announced in the 2015 defence review, and the modified Batch 1 ship, *Clyde*. The three Batch 1 ships without flight decks would be withdrawn in favour of the newer ships. The defence review suggested that the ships could be used to increase the Royal Navy's ability to defend UK interests at home and abroad.

During a Defence Select Committee in July 2016, the First Sea Lord Admiral Sir Philip Jones indicated that the option for a fleet of "up to six" offshore patrol vessels had been reduced to five, with *Clyde* being replaced by HMS *Forth*, a new Batch 2 ship. The First Sea Lord also elaborated on the potential uses for the Batch 2 ships overseas, including the possibility of basing an extra ship at the Falklands Islands, or forward basing it elsewhere.

A £287m order for the two new ships, and support for all five Batch 2 ships, was announced on 8 December 2016. HM Ships *Tamar* and *Spey* would join the fleet in 2020 and 2021 respectively, both fulfilling overseas Forward Presence roles and releasing Type 23 frigates for roles more suited to a higher-capability warship.

On 21 April 2017, with construction of HMS *Tamar* already under way, the first steel was cut for HMS *Spey*. Like their predecessors, the ships were constructed at the BAE Systems Govan shipyard, then transferred to the Scotstoun shipyard for fitting out.

*Tamar* arrived at her home port of Portsmouth for the first time on 2 April 2020, joining HMS *Trent*. She would spend the rest of the year training before commissioning and deploying. HMS *Spey* began contractor sea trials in September 2020, arriving in her home port of Portsmouth for the first time on 30 October 2020. HMS *Spey* was commissioned into the Royal Navy in Portsmouth on 18 June 2021.

According to *Forbes*, in an emergency the Royal Navy might have to attach anti-ship missiles to its Batch 2 River-class patrol ships to make up for its lack of surface warfare frigates and destroyers, and additional upgrades could include attaching a Bofors 57 mm gun. However, no such weapons fit had yet been authorised for the River-class ships.

On 7 September 2021 both HMS *Spey* and HMS *Tamar* left Portsmouth to be forward deployed to the Indo-Pacific region. It is anticipated that they will not return for a minimum of 5 years and could stay in the region for up to 10 years.

## Foreign orders

### Brazilian Navy

Three vessels of the *Amazonas*-class offshore patrol vessel based on the River class were built by BAE in the United Kingdom. They were originally intended to be exported for use by the Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force; however, the Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago cancelled the order in September 2010. In December 2011 it was reported that the Brazilian Navy were interested in buying the vessels, and possibly up to five additional vessels of the same design. The sale, for £133 million (compared to an original £150m), was then confirmed on 2 January 2012.

### Royal Thai Navy

HTMS *Krabi* was the first modified River-class vessel built for the Royal Thai Navy. The ship was built in Thailand but with design, technology transfer and support provided by BAE Systems. In January 2016 it was announced that a contract had been signed to provide the Royal Thai Navy with a second ship based on the River-class OPV to be built under licence at Bangkok Dock Company. This second Thai-built ship, HTMS *Prachuap Khiri Khan* was launched in August 2019 fitted with four RGM-84 Harpoon anti-ship missiles not present on *Krabi*. The new vessel was commissioned less than two months later.

## List of vessels

| Name | Pennant No. | Builder | Launched | Commissioned | Decommissioned | Recommissioned | Status |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| River-class patrol vessel (Royal Navy) | | | | | | | |
| Batch 1 | | | | | | | |
| *Tyne* | P281 | VT Shipbuilding, Southampton | 27 April 2002 | 4 July 2003 |  |  | In active service Portsmouth |
| *Severn* | P282 | | 4 December 2002 | 31 July 2003 | 27 October 2017 | 28 August 2021 (active from June 2020) | In active service English Channel |
| *Mersey* | P283 | | 14 June 2003 | 28 November 2003 |  |  | Refitting in Falmouth |
| Modified Batch 1 | | | | | | | |
| *Clyde* | P257 | VT Shipbuilding, Portsmouth | 14 June 2006 | 30 January 2007 | 20 December 2019 |  | Transferred to Royal Bahrain Naval Force as *Al-Zubara* |
| Batch 2 | | | | | | | |
| *Forth* | P222 | BAE Systems, Glasgow | 20 August 2016 | 13 April 2018 |  |  | In active service Falklands Patrol Vessel |
| *Medway* | P223 | | 23 August 2017 | 19 September 2019 |  |  | In active service; normally based in the Caribbean |
| *Trent* | P224 | | 20 March 2018 | 3 August 2020 |  |  | In active service; normally based at Gibraltar |
| *Tamar* | P233 | | 10 October 2018 | 17 December 2020 |  |  | In active service; deployed to the Indo-Pacific region |
| *Spey* | P234 | | 19 June 2019 | 18 June 2021 |  |  | In active service; deployed to the Indo-Pacific region |
| River-class patrol vessel Modified Batch 1 (Royal Bahrain Naval Force) | | | | | | | |
| *Al-Zubara* | P257 | VT Shipbuilding, Portsmouth | 14 June 2006 | 7 August 2020 |  |  | In active service<br>ex-HMS *Clyde* |
| *Amazonas*-class patrol vessel (Brazilian Navy) | | | | | | | |
| *Amazonas* | P120 | BAE Systems, Portsmouth | 18 November 2009 | 29 June 2012 |  |  | In active service |
| *Apa* | P121 | BAE Systems, Scotstoun | 15 July 2010 | 30 November 2012 |  |  | In active service |
| *Araguari* | P122 | | 16 July 2010 | 21 June 2013 |  |  | In active service |
| *Krabi-*class patrol vessel (Royal Thai Navy) | | | | | | | |
| *Krabi* | 551 | Bangkok Dock Company | 3 December 2011 | 26 August 2013 |  |  | In active service |
| *Prachuap Khiri Khan* | 552 | | 2 August 2019 | 27 September 2019 |  |  | In active service |

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## InfoBox

| Batch 1 River-class vessels HMS *Severn*, HMS *Tyne* and HMS *Mersey* exercising off the coast of Cornwall, 2012 | |
| --- | --- |
| Class overview | |
| Name | River class |
| Builders |  |
| Operators |  |
| Preceded by | Castle class |
| Subclasses |  |
| Built | 2001–present |
| In commission | 2003–present |
| Planned | 14 |
| Completed | 14 |
| Active | * 8 (Royal Navy) * 3 (Brazilian Navy) * 2 (Royal Thai Navy) * 1 (Royal Bahrain Naval Force) |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Offshore patrol vessel |
| Displacement | * Batch 1: 1,700 t (1,700 long tons) * Batch 2: 2,000 t (2,000 long tons) |
| Length | * Batch 1: 79.5 m (260 ft 10 in) * Batch 2: 90.5 m (296 ft 11 in) |
| Beam | * Batch 1: 13.5 m (44 ft 3 in) * Batch 2: 13.5 m (44 ft 3 in) |
| Draught | Batch 1: 3.8 m (12 ft 6 in) |
| Propulsion | * Batch 1: + 2 × Ruston 12R270 diesel engines, 8,250 kW (11,060 hp), 2 shafts + 2 × controllable-pitch propellers  * Batch 2: + 2 × MAN 16V28/33D diesel engines, 14,700 kW (19,700 hp), 2 shafts + 2 × controllable-pitch propellers |
| Speed |  |
| Range | Batch 1 & 2: 5,500 nmi (10,200 km; 6,300 mi) |
| Endurance |  |
| Boats & landing <br>craft carried |  |
| Troops |  |
| Complement |  |
| Sensors and <br>processing systems |  |
| Armament |  |
| Aviation facilities | Batch 2: Merlin-capable flight deck; small UAVs may be embarked |
| Notes | * Batch 1: 25-tonne crane * Batch 2: 16-tonne crane |


title: River-class minesweeper

abstract: The River class was a class of minesweeper built for the British Royal Navy in the 1980s, designated Fleet Minesweepers (MSF). Operated mainly by the Royal Naval Reserve they were taken out of service in 1990s and sold to foreign navies.

text:
# River-class minesweeper

The **River class** was a class of minesweeper built for the British Royal Navy in the 1980s, designated Fleet Minesweepers (MSF). Operated mainly by the Royal Naval Reserve they were taken out of service in 1990s and sold to foreign navies.

## Design

The Rivers were built with a traditional steel hull to a design based on a commercial offshore support vessel. The class was designed to be operated as deep sea team sweepers, to combat the threat posed to submarines by Soviet deep-water buoyant moored mines codenamed "Cluster Bay".

The River-class MSF was equipped with the Wire Sweep Mark 9 (WS 9) which was capable of performing Extra Deep Armed Team Sweeping (EDATS). Operating in pairs (or a number of pairs in formation), they towed a sweep between the two ships that followed the profile of the bottom and cut the mooring wires of the mines; these released mines would then be destroyed on the surface with gunfire. The WS 9 was able to be used for "mechanical" sweeping in this manner or "influence" sweeping whereby a transducer was towed through the water generating noise, both acoustic and electro-magnetic, that simulated a larger high value unit. The Rivers were also armed with a single 40 mm Bofors gun on the manually operated World War II-era Mark III mounting, and two L7 GPMGs.

The concept was refined in the chartered trawlers HMS *St David* and HMS *Venturer*, and a total of twelve vessels, all named after British rivers, were constructed by Richards (Shipbuilders) Ltd at Lowestoft and Great Yarmouth at an approximate unit cost of £4.6 million. The class was designed to operate in deep water and ocean environments, if necessary, for long periods of time without support. The complement was 5 officers, 7 Senior Ratings, and 16 Junior Ratings, although additional accommodation meant that a total crew of 36 could be borne for training purposes.

## Service history

Upon entering service they joined the 10th Mine Countermeasures Squadron based at Rosyth and eleven were assigned to various Royal Naval Reserve (RNR) divisions around the United Kingdom. The twelfth, *Blackwater*, entered service with the regular Royal Navy. Following defence cuts, *Helmsdale* and *Ribble* were paid off in 1991 and were laid up at Portsmouth. Further cuts followed when the future of the RNR was reviewed in 1993 and as a result the entire class was withdrawn from RNR service.

*Blackwater*, *Spey*, *Arun* and *Itchen* were subsequently assigned to the Northern Ireland Squadron where they replaced Ton-class vessels patrolling the province's waterways and participating in counter-terrorist operations in support of the British Army and the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC). *Orwell* replaced *Wilton*, the last Ton-class vessel in service, as the Dartmouth Training Ship in 1994. Ultimately, the entire class was sold to overseas navies.

## Ships

Ships
| Ship name | Hull number | Built | Commissioned | Decommissioned | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Waveney* | M2003 | Lowestoft | 12 July 1984 | 3 October 1994 | Initially known as *Amethyst*. Sold to Bangladesh and renamed BNS *Shapla*; currently active |
| *Carron* | M2004 | Gt Yarmouth | 30 September 1984 | 3 October 1994 | Sold to Bangladesh and renamed BNS *Shaikat*; currently active |
| *Dovey* | M2005 | Gt Yarmouth | 30 March 1985 | 3 October 1994 | Sold to Bangladesh and renamed BNS *Surovi*; currently active |
| *Helford* | M2006 | Gt Yarmouth | 7 June 1985 | 3 October 1994 | Sold to Bangladesh and renamed BNS *Shaibal*; currently active |
| *Humber* | M2007 | Lowestoft | 7 June 1985 | 21 January 1995 | Sold to Brazil and renamed *Amorim Do Valle*; currently active as a buoy tender |
| *Blackwater* | M2008 | Gt Yarmouth | 5 July 1985 | 3 October 1994 | Sold to Brazil and renamed *Benevente*; currently active as a patrol corvette |
| *Itchen* | M2009 | Lowestoft | 12 October 1985 | April 1998 | Sold to Brazil and renamed *Jorge Leite*, then *Bracui*; currently active as a patrol corvette |
| *Helmsdale* | M2010 | Lowestoft | 1 March 1986 | 1995 | Sold to Brazil and renamed *Garnier Sampaio*; |
| *Orwell* | M2011 | Gt Yarmouth | 7 February 1985 | 2001 | Sold to Guyana and renamed *GDFS Essequibo*; currently active as a coast guard vessel |
| *Ribble* | M2012 | Gt Yarmouth | 19 February 1986 | 1995 | Sold to Brazil and renamed *Jorge Leite*, then *Taurus*; as a survey ship |
| *Spey* | M2013 | Lowestoft | 4 April 1986 | 1998 | Sold to Brazil and renamed *Pegasus* then *Bocaina*; currently active as a patrol corvette |
| *Arun* | M2014 |  | 29 April 1986 | 1998 | Sold to Brazil and renamed *Babitonga*; currently active as a patrol corvette |

1. Neubert, 1989
2. Colledge, 2006
3. "NGB - Navio Balizador/Navio Hidroceanográfico Amorim do Valle - H 35". *www.naval.com.br*. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
4. "NGB - Navio Patrulha Benevente - P 61". *www.naval.com.br*. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
5. "NGB - Navio Patrulha Bracuí - P 60". *www.naval.com.br*. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
6. "NGB - Navio Balizador Garnier Sampaio - H 37". *www.naval.com.br*. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
7. "NGB - Navio Hidroceanográfico Taurus - H 36". *www.naval.com.br*. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
8. "NGB - Navio Patrulha Bocaina - P 62". *www.naval.com.br*. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
9. "NGB - Navio Patrulha Babitonga - P 63". *www.naval.com.br*. Retrieved 9 August 2024.

## InfoBox

| HMS *Humber* at South Shields in 1993 | |
| --- | --- |
| Class overview | |
| Name | River class |
| Builders | Richards Dry Dock and Engineering Limited |
| Operators |  |
| Preceded by | Ton class |
| Cost | £4.6 million each |
| In commission | 19842001 |
| Completed | 12 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Minesweeper |
| Displacement | * 850 long tons (864 t) standard * 890 long tons (904 t) full |
| Length | 47 m (154 ft 2 in) |
| Beam | 10.5 m (34 ft 5 in) |
| Draught | 3.1 m (10 ft 2 in) |
| Propulsion | 2 shafts, Ruston 6RKC diesels, 3,040 bhp (2,267 kW) |
| Speed | 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph) |
| Complement | * 5 officers and 23 ratings * (accommodation for 36: 7 officers and 29 ratings) |
| Armament |  |