abstract: The Newfoundland and Labrador Scotties Tournament of Hearts is the Newfoundland and Labrador provincial women's curling tournament. The tournament is run by the Newfoundland and Labrador Curling Association. The winning team represents Newfoundland and Labrador at the Scotties Tournament of Hearts.

text:
# Newfoundland and Labrador Scotties Tournament of Hearts

The **Newfoundland and Labrador Scotties Tournament of Hearts** is the Newfoundland and Labrador provincial women's curling tournament. The tournament is run by the Newfoundland and Labrador Curling Association. The winning team represents Newfoundland and Labrador at the Scotties Tournament of Hearts.

## Past winners

| Year | Team | Curling club |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2024 | Stacie Curtis, Erica Curtis, Julie Hynes, Camille Burt | St. John's Curling Club |
| 2023 | Stacie Curtis, Erica Curtis, Julie Hynes, Camille Burt | St. John's Curling Club |
| 2022 | *Cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Newfoundland and Labrador*. <br>*Team Hill (Sarah Hill, Kelli Sharpe, Beth Hamilton, Adrienne Mercer) represented province at Scotties.* | |
| 2021 | Sarah Hill, Beth Hamilton, Lauren Barron, Adrienne Mercer | St. John's Curling Club |
| 2020 | Erica Curtis, Erin Porter, Julie Devereaux, Beth Hamilton | St. John's Curling Club |
| 2019 | Kelli Sharpe, Stephanie Guzzwell, Beth Hamilton, Michelle Jewer | St. John's Curling Club |
| 2018 | Stacie Curtis, Erin Porter, Julie Devereaux, Erica Trickett | St. John's Curling Club |
| 2017 | Stacie Curtis, Erin Porter, Julie Devereaux, Erica Trickett | St. John's Curling Club |
| 2016 | Stacie Curtis, Erin Porter, Julie Devereaux, Carrie Vautour | St. John's Curling Club |
| 2015 | Heather Strong, Stephanie Korab, Jessica Cunningham, Kathryn Cooper | Bally Haly Golf & Curling Club |
| 2014 | Heather Strong, Laura Strong, Jessica Cunningham, Kathryn Cooper | Bally Haly Golf & Curling Club |
| 2013 | Stacie Devereaux, Erin Porter, Lauren Wasylkiw, Heather Martin | Bally Haly Golf & Curling Club |
| 2012 | Heather Strong, Laura Strong, Jenn Cunningham, Stephanie Korab | Bally Haly Golf & Curling Club |
| 2011 | Stacie Devereaux, Stephanie Guzzwell, Sarah Paul, Heather Martin | Bally Haly Golf & Curling Club |
| 2010 | Shelley Nichols, Steph LeDrew, Rhonda Rogers, Collette Lemon | St. John's Curling Club |
| 2009 | Heather Strong, Cathy Cunningham, Laura Strong, Peg Ross | St. John's Curling Club |
| 2008 | Heather Strong, Cathy Cunningham, Laura Strong, Peg Ross | St. John's Curling Club |
| 2007 | Heather Strong, Shelley Nichols, Laura Strong, Susan O'Leary | St. John's Curling Club |
| 2006 | Heather Strong, Shelley Nichols, Laura Strong, Susan O'Leary | St. John's Curling Club |
| 2005 | Heather Strong, Laura Strong, Beth Hamilton, Susan O'Leary | St. John's Curling Club |
| 2004 | Cathy Cunningham, Peg Ross, Kathy Kerr, Heather Martin | St. John's Curling Club |
| 2003 | Cathy Cunningham, Peg Ross, Kathy Kerr, Heather Martin | St. John's Curling Club |
| 2002 | Cathy Cunningham, Peg Ross, Kathy Kerr, Heather Martin | St. John's Curling Club |
| 2001 | Heather Strong, Laura Strong, Susan O'Leary, Michele Baker | St. John's Curling Club |
| 2000 | Heather Strong, Kelli Sharpe, Susan Wright, Michele Renouf | St. John's Curling Club |
| 1999 | Heather Strong, Kelli Sharpe, Susan Wright, Michele Renouf | St. John's Curling Club |
| 1998 | Heather Strong, Kelli Sharpe, Michele Renouf, Karen Thomas | St. John's Curling Club |
| 1997 | Laura Phillips, Cathy Cunningham, Kathy Kerr, Heather Martin | St. John's Curling Club |
| 1996 | Laura Phillips, Cathy Cunningham, Kathy Kerr, Heather Martin | St. John's Curling Club |
| 1995 | Laura Phillips, Cathy Cunningham, Kathy Kerr, Heather Martin | St. John's Curling Club |
| 1994 | Laura Phillips, Cathy Cunningham, Kathy Kerr, Heather Martin | St. John's Curling Club |
| 1993 | Maria Thomas, Cathy Cunningham, Kathy Kerr, Cathy Brophy | St. John's Curling Club |
| 1992 | Sue Anne Bartlett, Marcie Brown, Helen Nichols, Kathy Combden | Carol Curling Club |
| 1991 | Cathy Cunningham, Maria Thomas, Kathryn O'Driscoll, Susan Wright | St. John's Curling Club |
| 1990 | Sue Anne Bartlett, Patricia Dwyer, Debra Porter, Wendy Chaulk | Carol Curling Club |
| 1989 | Laura Phillips, Diane Ryan, Sandra Sparrow, Karen Thomas | St. John's Curling Club |
| 1988 | Maria Thomas, Cathy Cunningham, Peg Ross, Cathy Efford | St. John's Curling Club |
| 1987 | Cindy Crocker, Andrea Bowering, Gail Burry, Kathryn O'Driscoll | St. John's Curling Club |
| 1986 | Sue Anne Bartlett, Patricia Dwyer, Joyce Narduzzi, Debra Porter | Carol Curling Club |
| 1985 | Sue Anne Bartlett, Patricia Dwyer, Margaret Knickle, Debra Herbert | Carol Curling Club |
| 1984 | Catharine Barker, Anita Kelly, Elizabeth James, Lillian Howse | Grand Falls Curling Club |
| 1983 | Ruby Crocker, Rene Crocker, Barbara Pinsent, Sandra Brawley | Carol Curling Club |
| 1982 | Lori Quinn, Diane Ryan, Mary Lou Wall, Karen McIntee | Corner Brook Curling Club |
| 1981 | Sue Anne Bartlett, Patricia Dwyer, Joyce Narduzzi, Jo Ann Bepperling | Carol Curling Club |
| 1980 | Sue Anne Bartlett, Patricia Dwyer, Beverly Whitten, Mavis Pike | Carol Curling Club |
| 1979 | Sue Anne Bartlett, Patricia Dwyer, Joyce Narduzzi, Mavis Pike | Carol Curling Club |
| 1978 | Sue Anne Bartlett, Patricia Dwyer, Joyce Butt, Mavis Pike | Carol Curling Club |
| 1977 | Karen Cole, Jean Burden, Shirley Burgess, Frances Burges | St. John's Curling Club |
| 1976 | Sue Anne Bartlett, Patricia Dwyer, Frances Hiscock, Mavis Pike | Carol Curling Club |
| 1975 | Gail Hiscock, Elsie May, Ruby Henry, Ruth Carter | Bally Haly Golf & Curling Club |
| 1974 | Sue Anne Bartlett, Ann Bright, Frances Hiscock, Mavis Pike | Carol Curling Club |
| 1973 | Ann Bowering, Joan Pope, Jean Burden, Chris Cathcart | St. John's Curling Club |
| 1972 | Sue Anne Bartlett, Ann Bright, Frances Hiscock, Mavis Pike | Carol Curling Club |
| 1971 | Sue Anne Bartlett, Ann Bright, Frances Hiscock, Mavis Pike | Carol Curling Club |
| 1970 | Violet Pike, Gladys Clarke, Caroline Ball, Lillian Howse | Grand Falls Curling Club |
| 1969 | Violet Pike, Caroline Ball, Doreen Parker, Mary Rockwood | Grand Falls Curling Club |
| 1968 | Jeanette Blair, Christine Mills, Elsie May, Ruth Carter | St. John's Curling Club |
| 1967 | Violet Pike, Gladys Clarke, Caroline Ball, Joanne Goodyear | Grand Falls Curling Club |
| 1966 | Violet Pike, Gladys Clarke, Caroline Ball, Joanne Goodyear | Grand Falls Curling Club |
| 1965 | Bobbie Fortune, Florence Stoddard, Pat Cameron, Elsie Farquhar | Goose Bay Curling Club |
| 1964 | Marjorie Rockwell, Jeanette Blair, Elsie May, Kay Knight | St. John's Curling Club |
| 1963 | Violet Pike, Margaret Ryan, Joan Baker, Ruby Tittemore | Grand Falls Curling Club |
| 1962 | Marjorie Rockwell, Olive Wylie, Mary Dunne, Margaret Elton | St. John's Curling Club |
| 1961 | Violet Pike, Margaret Ryan, Joan Baker, Ruby Tittemore | Grand Falls Curling Club |

## InfoBox

| Newfoundland and Labrador Scotties Tournament of Hearts | |
| --- | --- |
| Established | 1961 |
| 2024 host city | St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador |
| 2024 arena | RE/MAX Centre |
| 2024 champion | Stacie Curtis |
| Current edition | |
| *2024 Newfoundland and Labrador Scotties Tournament of Hearts* | |


title: New Mexico Charity Classic

abstract: The New Mexico Charity Classic was a golf tournament on the Nike Tour. It ran from 1993 to 1994. In 1993, it was played at Valle Grande Golf Course in Santa Ana Pueblo, New Mexico. In 1994, it was played at the University of New Mexico Championship Course in Albuquerque, New Mexico. In 1994, the winner earned $31,500.

text:
# New Mexico Charity Classic

The **New Mexico Charity Classic** was a golf tournament on the Nike Tour. It ran from 1993 to 1994. In 1993, it was played at Valle Grande Golf Course in Santa Ana Pueblo, New Mexico. In 1994, it was played at the University of New Mexico Championship Course in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

In 1994, the winner earned $31,500.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Score | To par | Margin of
victory | Runners-up |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Nike New Mexico Charity Classic | | | | | |
| 1994 | Jim Carter | 272 | −16 | 1 stroke | Emlyn Aubrey
Chad Ginn |
| 1993 | Chris Patton | 262 | −22 | 5 strokes | Doug Martin
John Morse |

## InfoBox

Nike New Mexico Charity Classic
| Tournament information | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Albuquerque, New Mexico |
| Established | 1993 |
| Course(s) | University of New Mexico Championship Course |
| Par | 72 |
| Tour(s) | Nike Tour |
| Format | Stroke play |
| Prize fund | US$175,000 |
| Month played | September |
| Final year | 1994 |
| Tournament record score | |
| Aggregate | 262 Chris Patton (1993) |
| To par | −22 *as above* |
| Final champion | |
| Jim Carter | |
| Location map | |
| University of New Mexico Championship CourseLocation in the United StatesUniversity of New Mexico Championship CourseLocation in New Mexico | |


title: News at 12:30

abstract: News at 12:30 is the afternoon news programme broadcast Monday to Sunday at 12:30pm in Hong Kong by television channel ATV Home.

text:
# News at 12:30

***News at 12:30*** is the afternoon news programme broadcast Monday to Sunday at 12:30pm in Hong Kong by television channel ATV Home.

## History

Starting at May 29, 1957, with broadcasting time from Monday to Sunday at 12:00pm. On September 24, 1982, renamed ATV moved to Monday to Sunday at 1:00pm. On May 11, 1987, moved back to the Monday to Sunday at 12:45pm. On February 13, 1989, renamed News at 12:45. On October 17, 1994, moved back to the 12:30pm. On Monday July 27, 2009 the programming switched to background.

## InfoBox

| *News at 12:30* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | News, Weather |
| Created by | ATV News |
| Country of origin | Hong Kong |
| Original language | Cantonese |
| Production | |
| Producer | ATV |
| Production location | Hong Kong |
| Running time | 15 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | ATV Home |
| Release | May 29, 1957 (1957-05-29) <br>present |


title: Nguyễn Huỳnh Quốc Cường

abstract: Nguyễn Huỳnh Quốc Cường is a Vietnamese footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for V-League (Vietnam) club Long An.

text:
# Nguyễn Huỳnh Quốc Cường

**Nguyễn Huỳnh Quốc Cường** (born 12 July 1982) is a Vietnamese footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for V-League (Vietnam) club Long An.

## InfoBox

Nguyễn Huỳnh Quốc Cường
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Nguyễn Huỳnh Quốc Cường | | |
| Date of birth | (1982-07-12) 12 July 1982 | | |
| Place of birth | Kỳ Sơn, Nghệ An, Vietnam | | |
| Height | 1.82 m (6 ft 0 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 2006–2010 | Sông Lam Nghệ An | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2011 | Sông Lam Nghệ An | 21 | (0) |
| 2012 | Navibank Sài Gòn | 1 | (0) |
| 2013–2017 | Long An | 63 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 28 August 2016 | | | |


title: Nicholas Tee

abstract: Nicholas David Capon Tee, an alumnus of Balliol College, Oxford, is a retired British international rower.

text:
# Nicholas Tee

**Nicholas David Capon Tee** (born third quarter of 1949 in Pontypridd), an alumnus of Balliol College, Oxford, is a retired British international rower.

## Rowing career

Tee participated in the 1974 World Rowing Championships in Lucerne, competing in the lightweight coxless four event. The crew selected from the Leander Club finished in seventh place overall after winning the B final.

He competed in four Boat Races for Oxford, and was a member of the winning crew in the 1974 rowing in the bow position. In 1975 as part of the lightweight four with Graeme Hall, Christopher Drury and Daniel Topolski they won a silver medal for Great Britain at the 1975 World Rowing Championships in Nottingham.

## InfoBox

Nicholas Tee
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Nicholas David Capon Tee |
| Born | Third quarter 1949 (age 7475)
Pontypridd, Glamorganshire, Wales |
| *Alma mater* | Balliol College, Oxford |
| Sport | |
| Country | Great Britain |
| Sport | Rowing |
| Club | Oxford University Boat Club
Leander Club |
| Medal record      Men's rowing  Representing  Great Britain  World Rowing Championships  1975 Nottingham  Lwt four  Representing  Great Britain  The Boat Race  The Boat Race 1974  Oxford  The Boat Race 1969  Oxford  The Boat Race 1970  Oxford  The Boat Race 1975  Oxford | |


title: Niaz Ahmad Chaudhry

abstract: Niaz Ahmad Chaudhry born in 1949 in District Jhang. He completed his M.Sc. (Hons) in 1974 in the field of Horticulture. After serving for three years in different organizations he joined Punjab agriculture research in the horticulture group in 1976. He served in several research stations and institutions and conducted research on various fruit crops such as Mango, Date, Citrus etc. The research conducted during his service was got published in national research journals.

text:
# Niaz Ahmad Chaudhry

**Niaz Ahmad Chaudhry** born in 1949 in District Jhang (Punjab, Pakistan). He completed his M.Sc. (Hons) in 1974 in the field of Horticulture. After serving for three years in different organizations he joined Punjab agriculture research in the horticulture group in 1976. He served in several research stations and institutions and conducted research on various fruit crops such as Mango, Date, Citrus etc. The research conducted during his service was got published in national research journals.

## Achievements

Niaz Ahmad Chaudhry, Conducted research on different fruit crops. Spent more than 20 years on citrus Research. According to the Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC) his major contributions in national and international agriculture includes:

* Introduced a new method of pollinating Dates and invented a Hand Date Pollinator. On this, he has been given the Governor's Award.
* Introduced new citrus varieties of grapefruit, mandarin, and sweet oranges.
* A new dwarf rootstock flying dragon evaluated to overcome bud union crease in musambi.
* To overcome bud union crease in musambi a new grafting technique i.e. double grafting i.e. use of inter stock was introduced.
* Discovered a seedless kinnow Mutant while posted at Director CRI Sargodha.
* Established new Horticulture Research Station DG Khan, Research sub station Bahawalpur, CRS & Citrus Research Institute at Sargodha.

He received Norman Borlaug Award in 2008 in recognition of services in citriculture. All Pakistan Fruits and Vegetable Exporters Association and Citrus Growers Association awarded shields and certificates in recognition of the invention of seedless kinnow. Has 78 research publications on different aspects of citrus production published in reputed journals. Worked as Horticulturist, Principal Scientific officer/Project Director and Director at various Research stations.

## InfoBox

| Niaz Ahmad Chaudhry
نیاز احمد چوہدری | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1949-12-15)15 December 1949
Jhang |
| Nationality | Pakistani |
| Awards | Norman Borlaug |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Horticulture |
| Institutions | GOP |
|  | |


title: Ngāti Maniapoto

abstract: Ngāti Maniapoto is an iwi (tribe) based in the Waikato-Waitomo region of New Zealand's North Island. It is part of the Tainui confederation, the members of which trace their whakapapa (genealogy) back to people who arrived in New Zealand on the waka (canoe) Tainui. The 2018 New Zealand census reports show an estimated population of 45,930 people who affiliated with Maniapoto, making it the 9th most-populous iwi in New Zealand.

text:
# Ngāti Maniapoto

**Ngāti Maniapoto** is an iwi (tribe) based in the Waikato-Waitomo region of New Zealand's North Island. It is part of the Tainui confederation, the members of which trace their whakapapa (genealogy) back to people who arrived in New Zealand on the waka (canoe) Tainui. The 2018 New Zealand census reports show an estimated population of 45,930 people who affiliated with Maniapoto, making it the 9th most-populous iwi in New Zealand.

## History

Ngāti Maniapoto trace their lineage to their eponymous ancestor Maniapoto, an 11th generation descendant of the people who arrived on the *Tainui* waka and settled at the Kawhia Harbour. His father Rereahu led the Tainui expansion to the interior of the Waikato region, and Maniapoto settled in the southern Waikato area. Maniapoto's older brother Te Ihinga-a-rangi settled at Maungatautari, forming the Ngāti Hauā and Ngāti Korokī Kahukura iwi.

## Hapū and marae

There are many marae (area in front of a wharenui) in the Ngāti Maniapoto area, one of the notable ones being Te Tokanga Nui A Noho at Te Kuiti (the narrowing) in the King Country. This whare was given to Ngāti Maniapoto by Te Kooti, a Rongowhakaata guerilla fighter who lived in the region for the period while on the run from colonial forces which undertook searches for him during the New Zealand Wars. Of equal significance but less publicly known is Tiroa  where the last Io whare wānanga (traditional study centre) was held in a specially crafted whare called Te Whetu Marama o Hinawa at Te Miringa Te Kakara. The other whare wānanga was near present-day Piopio and was called Kahuwera. It stood on the hill of the same name and commanded a panoramic view of the Mokau River valley across the Maraetaua block.

* Ngāti Rora
* Ngāti Hinewai
* Ngāti Taiawa or Taewa
* Ngāti Kaputuhi
* Ngāti Kinohaku
* Ngāti Ngutu
* Ngāti Mokau
* Ngāti Hikairo
* Ngāti Apakura
* Ngāti Matakore
* Ngāti Raukawa
* Ngāti Utu
* Ngati Urunumia
* Ngāti Paretekawa
* Ngati Parewaeono
* Ngāti Waiora
* Ngāti Hari
* Ngāti Uekaha
* Ngāti Rangatahi
* Ngati Peehi

### Ngāti Te Kanawa

Ngāti Te Kanawa is an iwi based in Taumarunui and one of the forty main hapū of the Ngāti Maniapoto confederation, which came into existence around 1860. They trace their whakapapa to the tupuna (ancestor) Te Kanawa, who was the great-great-great grandson of the tupuna Maniapoto and comes off Uruhina (child of Rungaterangi and Pareraukawa). The families who carry the name Te Kanawa today have a direct male blood line whakapapa to the tupuna Te Kanawa, also known as Te Kanawa Pango.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Ngāti Maniapoto | |
| --- | --- |
| Iwi (tribe) in Māoridom | |
|  | |
| Rohe (region) | Waikato-Waitomo |
| Waka (canoe) | Tainui |
| Population | 45,930 |


title: Nicholas Beckett

abstract: Nicholas Beckett is a Jamaican international footballer who plays for Harbour View, as a midfielder.

text:
# Nicholas Beckett

**Nicholas Beckett** (born 9 November 1987) is a Jamaican international footballer who plays for Harbour View, as a midfielder.

## Career

Beckett has played club football for Harbour View.

He made his international debut for Jamaica in 2014.

## InfoBox

Nicholas Beckett
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1987-11-09) 9 November 1987 | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Harbour View | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2011– | Harbour View | 76 | (6) |
| International career | | | |
| 2014– | Jamaica | 5 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 8 June 2014<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 9 June 2015 | | | |


title: Nganda

abstract: Nganda is a town and urban commune of the Kaffrine Department in the Kaffrine Region of Senegal, lying close to the border with Gambia. Nganda had a population of 14,369 in 2023, an increase from the 10,507 counted in 2013.

text:
# Nganda

**Nganda** is a town and urban commune of the Kaffrine Department in the Kaffrine Region of Senegal, lying close to the border with Gambia.

Nganda had a population of 14,369 in 2023, an increase from the 10,507 counted in 2013.

## InfoBox

| Nganda | |
| --- | --- |
| Town and commune | |
| Nganda | |
| Coordinates: 13°50′N 15°25′W / 13.833°N 15.417°W / 13.833; -15.417 | |
| Country | Senegal |
| Region | Kaffrine Region |
| Department | Kaffrine Department |
| Area | |
| Town and commune | 3.12 km2 (1.20 sq mi) |
| Population (2023 census) | |
| Town and commune | 14,369 |
| Density | 4,600/km2 (12,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC±00:00 (GMT) |


title: Ngandangara

abstract: The Ngandangara were an indigenous Australian people of the state of Queensland.

text:
# Ngandangara

The **Ngandangara** were an indigenous Australian people of the state of Queensland.

## Country

In Norman Tindale's estimation, Ngandangara tribal lands extended over some 4,800 square miles (12,000 km2). They were on the higher reaches of the ephemeral upper Wilson River; . To the north they were at Eromanga and approached the vicinity of Thylungra and Ray. Their southern limits lay around Nockatunga.

## Social organization

The Ngandangara were one of the most easterly Australian groups to employ the tribal rites of circumcision.

## Mythology

In 1928, P. D. Riddell, came across many Ngandangara, whom he identified as *Unda Gnoora,* further west at Durham Downs. He had gone there from Broken Hill to examine and photograph a notable arrangement of stones, measuring 90 by 200 feet in the district. The site where the stones were assembled, some as high as 3 feet, and in a distinct set of circles, was known as *Alabena,* which, because had been used for cattle mustering, a practice which contributed to the deterioration of the ceremonial ground's structure. The Ngandangara were extremely reluctant to reveal information about the locality, though Riddell eventually managed to ascertain from one informant that the site marked the ground where the first aboriginal person 'jumped up'.

## Alternative names

* *Ngandangura*
* *Jarumarda* (language name)
* *Unda Gnoora*
* *Eromarra*

### Citations

## Sources

* Myles, F.W. (1886). "Thargominda, Bulloo River" (PDF). In Curr, Edward Micklethwaite (ed.). *The Australian race: its origin, languages, customs, place of landing in Australia and the routes by which it spread itself over the continent*. Vol. 2. Melbourne: J. Ferres. pp. 36–41.
* Riddell, P.P. (1928). "Ordered arrangement of stones by aborigines at Durham Downs, Cooper's Creek". *Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia*. **52**. Adelaide: 165–166.
* Tindale, Norman Barnett (1974). "Ngandangara (QLD)". *Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names*. Australian National University Press.


title: Nibiru (album)

abstract: Nibiru is the third studio album by Puerto Rican reggaeton singer Ozuna. It was released through Aura Music and Sony Music Latin on November 29, 2019. It was preceded by the release of five singles: "Baila Baila Baila", "Amor Genuino", "Te Soñé de Nuevo", "Hasta Que Salga el Sol" and "Fantasía".

text:
# Nibiru (album)

***Nibiru*** is the third studio album by Puerto Rican reggaeton singer Ozuna. It was released through Aura Music and Sony Music Latin on November 29, 2019. It was preceded by the release of five singles: "Baila Baila Baila", "Amor Genuino", "Te Soñé de Nuevo", "Hasta Que Salga el Sol" and "Fantasía".

## Background

Ozuna first announced the record in November 2018, three months after the release of his second album *Aura*. While he referenced it in a verse of his single "Luz Apaga", the song was not included on the album. A year on, Ozuna made the album available to pre-save and posted the album cover on Instagram. Ozuna's tracks "Cambio" and "Muito Calor", the former a collaboration with fellow Puerto Rican artist Anuel AA and the latter a collaboration with Brazilian singer Anitta, were also expected to be on the album, but did not make the track listing.

## Commercial performance

In United States, *Nibiru* debuted at number 41 on the US *Billboard* 200 and at number one on the *Billboard* Top Latin Albums chart, with 17,000 album-equivalent units. The overall unit sum marks the fifth-largest debut for a Latin album released in 2019.

In Mexico, the album was certified Gold within just one day of being released.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Allmusic* |  |
| *Rolling Stone* |  |

Gary Suarez of *Rolling Stone* wrote that "after the project's initial announcement and subsequent months of release date silence, the phrase "Nibiru: Coming Soon" began to take on meme-like properties. More importantly, it created grand, perhaps unreasonable expectations that the Latin superstar regrettably hasn't entirely lived up to." He continued, "Those hoping for alien perreo hybrids assuredly won't find them on *Nibiru*, and admittedly such reggaeton futurism is better suited to the likes of Tomasa Del Real and her underground ilk. But while the album doesn't quite reach moonwalk status, Ozuna's progressive steps demonstrated here towards perfecting his popwise craft warrant further analysis and repeat listening right here on Earth."

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Nibiru" | 02:40 |
| 2. | "Hasta Que Salga El Sol" | 03:10 |
| 3. | "Temporal" (Featuring Willy) | 04:00 |
| 4. | "Fantasía" | 02:57 |
| 5. | "Yo Tengo Una Gata" (With Sech) | 03:06 |
| 6. | "Fuego" | 03:31 |
| 7. | "Eres Top" (With Diddy and DJ Snake) | 03:26 |
| 8. | "Pégate" | 03:20 |
| 9. | "Patek" (With Anuel AA And Snoop Dogg) | 04:11 |
| 10. | "Difícil Olvidar" | 03:33 |
| 11. | "Sin Pensar" (Featuring Swae Lee) | 04:11 |
| 12. | "Independiente" | 03:14 |
| 13. | "Reggaeton En Paris" (With Dalex And Nicky Jam) | 04:03 |
| 14. | "Te Soñé De Nuevo" | 03:20 |
| 15. | "Danzau" | 02:43 |
| 16. | "Amor Genuino" | 03:00 |
| 17. | "Baila Baila Baila" | 02:40 |
| 18. | "Qué Pena" | 02:34 |
| Total length: | | 59:04 |

## Charts

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mexico (AMPROFON) | Gold | 30,000 |
| United States (RIAA) | 5× Platinum (Latin) | 300,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| Nibiru | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Ozuna | |
| Released | November 29, 2019 (2019-11-29) |
| Length | 59:03 |
| Language | * Spanish * English |
| Label |  |
| Ozuna chronology | |
| *Aura*
(2018) ***Nibiru***
(2019) *ENOC*
(2020) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Nibiru* | |
| 1. "Baila Baila Baila"
Released: January 5, 2019 2. "Amor Genuino"
Released: June 4, 2019 3. "Te Soñé de Nuevo"
Released: June 6, 2019 4. "Hasta Que Salga el Sol"
Released: November 7, 2019 5. "Fantasía"
Released: November 28, 2019 | |
|  | |


title: Niagara Cave

abstract: Niagara Cave is a limestone cave located in Harmony, Minnesota. The cave is approximately 200 feet deep; features include an underground stream, 60-foot waterfall, fossils, stalactites and stalagmites. The cave is privately owned, with tours available seasonally. The cave was first discovered in 1924, and in 1932, three spelunkers Al Cremer, Leo Tekippe, and Joe Flynn explored the cave and named the site Niagara Cave. Niagara Cave opened as a show cave in June 1934, and was described by geologist J Harlen Bretz in 1938. The Minnesota Geological Survey noted in their 1995 survey, "Niagara Cave contains an excellent example of an underground river, complete with waterfall."

text:
# Niagara Cave

**Niagara Cave** is a limestone cave located in Harmony, Minnesota. The cave is approximately 200 feet (61 m) deep; features include an underground stream, 60-foot waterfall, fossils, stalactites and stalagmites. The cave is privately owned, with tours available seasonally.

The cave was first discovered in 1924, and in 1932, three spelunkers Al Cremer, Leo Tekippe, and Joe Flynn explored the cave and named the site Niagara Cave. Niagara Cave opened as a show cave in June 1934, and was described by geologist J Harlen Bretz in 1938.

The Minnesota Geological Survey noted in their 1995 survey, "Niagara Cave contains an excellent example of an underground river, complete with waterfall."

## InfoBox

| Niagara Cave | |
| --- | --- |
| Passageway in Niagara Cave | |
|  | |
| Location | Fillmore County, Minnesota, United States |
| Coordinates | 43°30′50″N 92°03′18″W / 43.5140°N 92.0551°W / 43.5140; -92.0551 |
| Depth | 200 ft |
| Discovery | 1924 |
| Geology | Galena formation, Ordovician Limestone |
| Access | Tours are available in season |
| Lighting | Solar Energy |
| Visitors | 25,000 - 30,000 per year |
| Features | Underground river, Subterranean waterfall, Wedding chapel, Fossils |
| Website | niagaracave.com |


title: Nicholas Burke

abstract: Nicholas Burke, was an Irish uilleann piper. Burke was born in the parish of Annaghdown. He emigrated to the United States as a young man, settling in Brooklyn, New York. There he worked as a carpenter, "developed into a skilful draughtsman, and eventually became a successful and prosperous builder." He gained a reputation as a piper of distinction, playing the uilleann pipes primarily for himself, or "the entertainment of his friends, and invariably in his own home." Captain Francis O'Neill relied heavily upon him as an informant for other Irish pipers of the 1800s, many of whom Burke was acquainted. "On learning the nature of the purpose in view, Mr. Burke obligingly “took his pen in hand” and wrote out pages upon pages of interesting memoirs dealing with nearly a score of pipers about whom we knew practically nothing, besides giving supplementary information concerning many others already on our list. In fact Mr. Burke may aptly be termed the Plutarch of the pipers."

text:
# Nicholas Burke

**Nicholas Burke**, (born 1837) was an Irish uilleann piper.

Burke was born in the parish of Annaghdown. He emigrated to the United States as a young man, settling in Brooklyn, New York. There he worked as a carpenter, "developed into a skilful draughtsman, and eventually became a successful and prosperous builder." He gained a reputation as a piper of distinction, playing the uilleann pipes primarily for himself, or "the entertainment of his friends, and invariably in his own home."

Captain Francis O'Neill relied heavily upon him as an informant for other Irish pipers of the 1800s, many of whom Burke was acquainted.

> "On learning the nature of the purpose in view, Mr. Burke obligingly “took his pen in hand” and wrote out pages upon pages of interesting memoirs dealing with nearly a score of pipers about whom we knew practically nothing, besides giving supplementary information concerning many others already on our list. In fact Mr. Burke may aptly be termed the Plutarch of the pipers."


title: Nibork

abstract: Nibork is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sorkwity, within Mrągowo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) south of Sorkwity, 11 km (7 mi) west of Mrągowo, and 44 km (27 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

text:
# Nibork

**Nibork** \[ˈnibɔrk\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sorkwity, within Mrągowo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) south of Sorkwity, 11 km (7 mi) west of Mrągowo, and 44 km (27 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

## InfoBox

| Nibork | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Nibork | |
| Coordinates: 53°50′N 21°9′E / 53.833°N 21.150°E / 53.833; 21.150 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Warmian-Masurian |
| County | Mrągowo |
| Gmina | Sorkwity |
| Population | 190 |


title: Nibra, Panama

abstract: Nibra is a corregimiento in Ngäbe-Buglé Comarca in the Republic of Panama.

text:
# Nibra, Panama

**Nibra** is a corregimiento in Ngäbe-Buglé Comarca in the Republic of Panama.

## InfoBox

| Nibra | |
| --- | --- |
| Corregimiento | |
| NibraNibra | |
| Coordinates: 8°19′59.99″N 81°34′0.12″W / 8.3333306°N 81.5667000°W / 8.3333306; -81.5667000 | |
| Country | Panama |
| Comarca Indígena | Ngäbe-Buglé Comarca |
| District | Müna |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (EST) |
|  | |


title: Nickelodeon UK Kids' Choice Awards 2008

abstract: The Nickelodeon UK Kids' Choice Awards 2008 aired on 20 September 2008 on Nickelodeon. It was the UK's second Kids' Choice Awards. The ceremony was presented by Australian singer and X Factor judge Dannii Minogue. The Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards for the UK is very similar to the Australian and American versions. Children who voted on the website had chances to get tickets to see the live ceremony in London.

text:
# Nickelodeon UK Kids' Choice Awards 2008

The **Nickelodeon UK Kids' Choice Awards 2008** aired on 20 September 2008 on Nickelodeon. It was the UK's second Kids' Choice Awards. The ceremony was presented by Australian singer and *X Factor* judge Dannii Minogue.

The Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards for the UK is very similar to the Australian and American versions. Children who voted on the  website had chances to get tickets to see the live ceremony in London.

## Guests

## Nominee winners

### Favourite

### Other

## InfoBox

| 2008 UK Kids Choice Awards | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 20 September 2008 |
| Presented by | Dannii Minogue |
| Website | http://kca.nick.co.uk |
| Television/radio coverage | |
| Network | Nickelodeon UK |
|


title: Nicolae Păiș

abstract: Nicolae T. Păiș was a Romanian career naval officer. Born in Bucharest, he attended the Military Academy of Modena between 1905 and 1907, and the École militaire in Paris. After graduating, he entered the Romanian Navy with the rank of second lieutenant, and was a participant in World War I. He rose to commodore July 1927 and counter-admiral in March 1937. From May 11 to July 4, 1940, Păiș was undersecretary of state in the Ministry of Air Force and Navy in the government of Gheorghe Tătărescu. Then, from July 4 to September 4, he was Minister of the Air Force and the Navy under the premiership of Ion Gigurtu. On August 30, Păiș participated in a meeting of King Carol II's Crown Council, where he was one of the four out of five military representatives who recommended accepting the provisions of the Second Vienna Award, by which Romania were to cede Northern Transylvania to Hungary. During the World War II-era rule of Ion Antonescu, Păiș served as naval undersecretary of state from 4 April 1941 to 19 February 1943, when he resigned. In November 1941 he was awarded the Order of the Crown of Romania, Grand Officer rank. He was made a vice-admiral in the reserves in October 1942. His home was searched under the Romanian Communist Party-dominated government in May 1946, but nothing incriminating was found. Păiș was ill in bed, but was taken to the prison hospital at Văcărești. He was held for some time before being temporarily released. Rearrested by the communist regime in August 1948, he was sentenced to three years' imprisonment the following January as a former dignitary under Antonescu. In August 1951, he was moved from Aiud Prison to Sighet Prison, where he received no medical attention. In protest, he declared a hunger strike of forty days. He died a year later in cell 27, and his body was buried in a mass grave in Sighetu Marmației, on the banks of the Iza River.

text:
# Nicolae Păiș

**Nicolae T. Păiș** (July 11, 1887September 16, 1952) was a Romanian career naval officer.

Born in Bucharest, he attended the Military Academy of Modena between 1905 and 1907, and the École militaire in Paris. After graduating, he entered the Romanian Navy with the rank of second lieutenant, and was a participant in World War I. He rose to commodore July 1927 and counter-admiral in March 1937. From May 11 to July 4, 1940, Păiș was undersecretary of state in the Ministry of Air Force and Navy in the government of Gheorghe Tătărescu. Then, from July 4 to September 4, he was Minister of the Air Force and the Navy under the premiership of Ion Gigurtu. On August 30, Păiș participated in a meeting of King Carol II's Crown Council, where he was (alongside David Popescu, Gheorghe Mihail, and Ernest Ballif) one of the four out of five military representatives who recommended accepting the provisions of the Second Vienna Award, by which Romania were to cede Northern Transylvania to Hungary.

During the World War II-era rule of Ion Antonescu, Păiș served as naval undersecretary of state from 4 April 1941 to 19 February 1943, when he resigned. In November 1941 he was awarded the Order of the Crown of Romania, Grand Officer rank. He was made a vice-admiral in the reserves in October 1942.

His home was searched under the Romanian Communist Party-dominated government in May 1946, but nothing incriminating was found. Păiș was ill in bed, but was taken to the prison hospital at Văcărești. He was held for some time before being temporarily released. Rearrested by the communist regime in August 1948, he was sentenced to three years' imprisonment the following January as a former dignitary under Antonescu. In August 1951, he was moved from Aiud Prison to Sighet Prison, where he received no medical attention. In protest, he declared a hunger strike of forty days. He died a year later in cell 27, and his body was buried in a mass grave in Sighetu Marmației, on the banks of the Iza River.


title: Nicoletti Lake

abstract: Nicoletti Lake is a lake in the Province of Enna, Sicily, Italy.

text:
# Nicoletti Lake

**Nicoletti Lake** is a lake in the Province of Enna, Sicily, Italy.

## InfoBox

| Nicoletti Lake | |
| --- | --- |
| View of Etna, lago Nicoletti, Leonforte and Assoro | |
| Nicoletti Lake | |
| Location | Province of Enna, Sicily |
| Coordinates | 37°37′N 14°20′E / 37.61°N 14.34°E / 37.61; 14.34 |
| Primary inflows | Dittaino |
| Primary outflows | Dittaino |
| Basin countries | Italy |


title: Nicoletto Giganti

abstract: Nicoletto Giganti was a 17th-century Italian rapier fencing master. The frontispiece of his 1606 work names him as “Nicoletto Giganti, Venetian”, although evidence suggests he or his family, moved to Venice from the town of Fossombrone, in Le Marche, Central Italy. Little is known of Giganti’s life, but in the dedication to his 1606 treatise, he counts 27 years of professional experience, whereas the Giganti family of Fossombrone were lesser nobility, long in the military service of Venice. He is a famous representative of the Venetian school of fencing. His 1606 work was reprinted in Italian in 1628, and in French and German parallel translation in 1619, 1622, and 1644. Johann Joachim Hynitzsch accuses Giganti of plagiarising Salvator Fabris in the second volume of the 1622 French and German translation of Giganti's treatise, printed in Frankfurt. This is probably unfounded, as there is no evidence that Giganti had any involvement in any of the later printings of his 1606 work. Likewise Giganti does not appear involved in the 1628 Italian edition of his own 1606 treatise, which merely reprints Giganti’s original 1606 dedication, to the by then deceased Cosimo II de' Medici, with a separate printers dedication that makes no reference to Giganti’s continuing involvement. Likewise the disputed 1622 edition contained no dedication and was likely printed by the publisher and translator, De Zetter, without consent. On several occasions in his 1606 treatise Giganti promised a second book. This pledge appeared to have remained unfulfilled. As early as 1673 the Sicilian master Pallavicini noted with heavy irony that while he was publishing a second volume, without having undertaken to do so in his first book, other masters such as Giganti had promised a second work and not delivered. … we should not make promises [we can't keep] to the curious. … Nicoletto Giganti promised to publish a second book, but it cannot be found The first positive reference to a purported second book by Giganti, does not arrive until the 1847 publication of Alberto Marchionni’s Trattato di scherma: In 1608, from the press of Giovanni Fontani of Pisa, came forth a second book of fencing by Niccoletto Giganti in which he deals with the use of the single sword, sword and dagger and also the sword and rotella, the sword and targe, the sword and buckler, the sword and cape, the dagger alone, the dagger against the spear and the dagger alone against the sword. Subsequently he discusses grabs to the weapon and pommel strikes to the face, and of other grapples advising to put your left hand over the hilt of your opponent's sword. He proposes executing the passata sotto in the tempo in which your opponent performs a cavazione on the line of terza. Finally he discusses a new guard with the sword and dagger with the left foot forward, suggesting that he proposes to publish another book where he will teach all of the actions possible with the left foot forward. This treatise is illustrated with 53 figures, very badly drawn and likewise engraved; nevertheless his treatise is filled with very useful teachings. This work is further cited by Gelli, who merely quotes word for word from Marchionni, adding only the note 'rare work', indicating that he almost certainly had not examined the treatise himself. The existence of this elusive second work, matching Marchionni's description, was not confirmed until the publication of an English translation by Piermarco Terminiello and Joshua Pendragon in November 2013.

text:
# Nicoletto Giganti

**Nicoletto Giganti** was a 17th-century Italian rapier fencing master. The frontispiece of his 1606 work names him as “Nicoletto Giganti, Venetian”, although evidence suggests he or his family, moved to Venice from the town of Fossombrone, in Le Marche, Central Italy.

Little is known of Giganti’s life, but in the dedication to his 1606 treatise, he counts 27 years of professional experience, whereas the Giganti family of Fossombrone were lesser nobility, long in the military service of Venice. He is a famous representative of the Venetian school of fencing.

His 1606 work was reprinted in Italian in 1628, and in French and German parallel translation in 1619, 1622, and 1644.

Johann Joachim Hynitzsch accuses Giganti of plagiarising Salvator Fabris in the second volume of the 1622 French and German translation of Giganti's treatise, printed in Frankfurt. This is probably unfounded, as there is no evidence that Giganti had any involvement in any of the later printings of his 1606 work. Likewise Giganti does not appear involved in the 1628 Italian edition of his own 1606 treatise, which merely reprints Giganti’s original 1606 dedication, to the by then deceased Cosimo II de' Medici, with a separate printers dedication that makes no reference to Giganti’s continuing involvement. Likewise the disputed 1622 edition contained no dedication and was likely printed by the publisher and translator, De Zetter, without consent.

On several occasions in his 1606 treatise Giganti promised a second book. This pledge appeared to have remained unfulfilled. As early as 1673 the Sicilian master Pallavicini noted with heavy irony that while he was publishing a second volume, without having undertaken to do so in his first book, other masters such as Giganti had promised a second work and not delivered.

*… we should not make promises \[we can't keep\] to the curious. … Nicoletto Giganti promised to publish a second book, but it cannot be found*

The first positive reference to a purported second book by Giganti, does not arrive until the 1847 publication of Alberto Marchionni’s Trattato di scherma:

*In 1608, from the press of Giovanni Fontani of Pisa, came forth a second book of fencing by Niccoletto Giganti in which he deals with the use of the single sword, sword and dagger and also the sword and rotella, the sword and targe, the sword and buckler, the sword and cape, the dagger alone, the dagger against the spear and the dagger alone against the sword. Subsequently he discusses grabs to the weapon and pommel strikes to the face, and of other grapples advising to put your left hand over the hilt of your opponent's sword. He proposes executing the passata sotto in the tempo in which your opponent performs a cavazione on the line of terza. Finally he discusses a new guard with the sword and dagger with the left foot forward, suggesting that he proposes to publish another book where he will teach all of the actions possible with the left foot forward. This treatise is illustrated with 53 figures, very badly drawn and likewise engraved; nevertheless his treatise is filled with very useful teachings.*

This work is further cited by Gelli, who merely quotes word for word from Marchionni, adding only the note 'rare work', indicating that he almost certainly had not examined the treatise himself.

The existence of this elusive second work, matching Marchionni's description, was not confirmed until the publication of an English translation by Piermarco Terminiello and Joshua Pendragon in November 2013.

## Further reading

Venetian Rapier: The School, or Salle (English translation of Giganti's first book of 1606).

The 'Lost' Second Book of Nicoletto Giganti(1608): A Rapier Fencing Treatise (English translation of Giganti's 'lost' second book of 1608).


title: Niepoczołowice

abstract: Niepoczołowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Linia, within Wejherowo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Linia, 30 km (19 mi) south-west of Wejherowo, and 50 km (31 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk. For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

text:
# Niepoczołowice

**Niepoczołowice** \[ɲɛpɔt͡ʂɔwɔˈvit͡sɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Linia, within Wejherowo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Linia, 30 km (19 mi) south-west of Wejherowo, and 50 km (31 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

## InfoBox

| Niepoczołowice | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Niepoczołowice | |
| Coordinates: 54°26′10″N 17°53′3″E / 54.43611°N 17.88417°E / 54.43611; 17.88417 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Pomeranian |
| County | Wejherowo |
| Gmina | Linia |
| Population | 571 |


title: Nick Phipps (bobsleigh)

abstract: Nicholas Phipps was a British bobsledder who competed from 1980 to 1992. He finished third in the Bobsleigh World Cup combined men's event in 1985-86. Competing in two Winter Olympics, Phipps earned his best finish of 13th both in the two-man and four-man events at Albertville in 1992. Phipps died on 24 April 2024, at the age of 72.

text:
# Nick Phipps (bobsleigh)

**Nicholas Phipps** (8 April 1952 – 24 April 2024) was a British bobsledder who competed from 1980 to 1992. He finished third in the Bobsleigh World Cup combined men's event in 1985-86.

Competing in two Winter Olympics, Phipps earned his best finish of 13th both in the two-man and four-man events at Albertville in 1992.

Phipps died on 24 April 2024, at the age of 72.


title: Nick Phillips (graphic designer)

abstract: Nick Phillips is a graphic designer who co-founded The Designers Republic and has produced award-winning work for Sony games.

text:
# Nick Phillips (graphic designer)

**Nick Phillips** is a graphic designer who co-founded The Designers Republic and has produced award-winning work for Sony games.

## Background

Phillips studied sculpture at Sheffield Hallam's Psalter Lane college. He played organ in an early line-up of World of Twist. Through the Sheffield music scene, Phillips became friends with graphic designer Ian Anderson. Together they set up The Designers Republic in July 1986.

## Career

### The Designers Republic

As a duo, Phillips and Anderson have been described as 'the design gurus associated with electronic music'. They produced album artwork for artists such as Pop Will Eat Itself, Pulp, Supergrass, The Orb, and Warp Records including Aphex Twin. *Q magazine* included a Designers Republic sleeve in their list of the 100 Best Record Covers of All Time.

Work by Phillips and Anderson is held in the permanent collections of MoMA and the V&A.

### Other work

Phillips went on to help design the Sony Psygnosis game Wip3out, which won the BAFTA Interactive Entertainment Award for Best Design in 1999.

His cover for Richard Hawley *Lady's Bridge* was nominated for Best Art Vinyl in 2007.

Phillips worked on the first editions of SingStar, and on Sony's EyeToy. Other games credits include*Wipeout 3: Special Edition*, *Global Domination*, *Conflict: Denied Ops*, *Pilot Academy*, the LMA Manager series and Lemmings Revolution.

Phillips now works solo, producing sleeve art for Richard Hawley. He has done design work for Sheffield Doc/Fest and LoveBox Festival and Adelaide Fringe Festival.

*

## InfoBox

| Nick Phillips | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Nicholas Phillips<br>1962 (age 6162) |
| Nationality | British |
| Occupation |  |
| Known for |  |


title: Nicolas Hodges Studies Project

abstract: Nicolas Hodges Studies Project was a project to commission 12 piano studies from 12 different international composers. The studies were presented over the period 2010-2014.

text:
# Nicolas Hodges Studies Project

**Nicolas Hodges Studies Project** was a project to commission 12 piano studies from 12 different international composers. The studies were presented over the period 2010-2014.

## Content

The twelve studies are:

## History

The pianist Nicolas Hodges initiated the project in an attempt to provide piano students with alternatives to the Ligeti Etudes, which have been widely performed in the years since the composer's death. The composers were chosen with a view to providing as much range as possible within contemporary classical music.

The works were commissioned in groups. First those by Finnissy, Francesconi, Mundry, Rzewski were commissioned by Philharmonie Luxembourg and then first performed there by Nicolas Hodges in June 2010. Then those by Andre, Furrer, Hosokawa, Pauset, Sorenson and Wuorinen were commission by the Busoni Competition, Bolzano and then first performed in the Busoni Festival by Nicolas Hodges on 26 August 2011. The study by Saunders was premiered by Nicolas Hodges at the Salzburg Biennale 2013. Finally, the study by Ferneyhough was commissioned by SWR Eclat Festival, and premiered there by Hodges in February 2014.

## Recordings

So far only the works by Andre, Ferneyhough, Furrer, Hosokawa and Wuorinen have been recorded.

1. Edition Peters EP12046 (printed score)
2. Verlag Neue Musik Berlin NM1796
3. Edition Peters EP12760 (printed score)
4. Edition Wilhelm Hansen WH32117 (printed score)
5. Luxemourger Wort (newspaper) 14 June 2010


title: Nicole Dollanganger

abstract: Nicole Ann Bell, known professionally as Nicole Dollanganger, is a Canadian-American singer-songwriter. Dollanganger's music is characterized by a feminine, high-pitched vocal style, minimalist instrumentation, and lyrical themes frequently pertaining to true crime, violence, sexuality, and romance. Her music has been described as "lo-fi", "atmospheric", and "bedroom folk", and is associated with the folk, folk pop, bedroom pop, slowcore and dream pop genres. In 2015, Rolling Stone named Dollanganger in an article titled "10 New Artists You Need to Know", stating that her "gothic folk songs" described as "macabre millennial nightmares, softened by dream-pop tranquilizers, reverberating from a casket-shaped music box", are "as beautiful as they are brutal." Most of her releases were released as digital-only, and a majority of them were initially published by Dollanganger herself through the music website Bandcamp. Her stage name comes from the Dollanganger Series of novels by V. C. Andrews.

text:
# Nicole Dollanganger

**Nicole Ann Bell** (born September 8, 1991), known professionally as **Nicole Dollanganger**, is a Canadian-American singer-songwriter. Dollanganger's music is characterized by a feminine, high-pitched vocal style, minimalist instrumentation, and lyrical themes frequently pertaining to true crime, violence, sexuality, and romance. Her music has been described as "lo-fi", "atmospheric", and "bedroom folk", and is associated with the folk, folk pop, bedroom pop, slowcore and dream pop genres.

In 2015, *Rolling Stone* named Dollanganger in an article titled "10 New Artists You Need to Know", stating that her "gothic folk songs" described as "macabre millennial nightmares, softened by dream-pop tranquilizers, reverberating from a casket-shaped music box", are "as beautiful as they are brutal." Most of her releases were released as digital-only, and a majority of them were initially published by Dollanganger herself through the music website Bandcamp. Her stage name comes from the Dollanganger Series of novels by V. C. Andrews.

## Early life

Dollanganger was born on September 8, 1991, in Scarborough, a suburban district in Toronto, Ontario in Canada. Dollanganger grew up between Whitchurch-Stouffville, Ontario, and southwest Florida in the United States. Dollanganger would later go on to cite musicians her father listened to during her childhood, such as American country music singers Bobbie Gentry and Tammy Wynette, as influential on her own musical style.

## Career

### 2010–2014: Career beginnings

Dollanganger first began writing, producing, and recording music in 2010. She recorded original songs, as well as covers, in her bedroom and bathroom on her MacBook, using the digital audio software GarageBand. In 2011, Dollanganger began posting her music on Tumblr, where she also posted her visual artwork, as well as on Myspace, and Bandcamp. Many of the original songs she posted would later be included as tracks on her 2012 debut album, *Curdled Milk*.

*Curdled Milk*, written, produced, and recorded entirely by Dollanganger in 2011 and early 2012, was self-released online as her debut album and first record on July 13, 2012. She created the artwork used on the album cover (as well as two alternative album covers, featuring a photograph she took of herself and drew onto.) Shortly after releasing the album, Dollanganger was admitted to a hospital program as she was suffering from anorexia nervosa, anorexia athletica, and bulimia nervosa. After being released from the program, she went on bed rest for a year, during which she dropped out of Ryerson University, where she had been studying film. In a 2014 interview, Dollanganger reflected on how this experience impacted her music and life.

> "\[*Curdled Milk*\]'s creation coincided with an illness I was battling, and right after I released it, I went on bed rest for a year & completely shut the world out. I could probably count on my hands how many times I left the house throughout that year, actually. And after that period, I was a completely different person. Everything in my life had changed and I think for the first time I kind of came into myself. In that regard, I feel I have changed a lot."

Dollanganger continued creating music and posting her work online. In November 2012 she self-released her second album, *Flowers of Flesh and Blood*. On February 20, 2013, Dollanganger would release her third album, *Ode to Dawn Wiener: Embarrassing Love Songs*.

On January 10, 2014, Dollanganger released her fourth album, *Observatory Mansions*. The title of the nine-track album was adopted from *Observatory Mansions*, the 2000 debut novel by English novelist Edward Carey. The album was recorded in 2013 and would be the last record Dollanganger would write, produce, and record entirely on her own. Around a month prior the album's release, on December 9, 2013, Dollanganger had posted on social media a tentative track list for an untitled record she was working on — the record would later be revealed to be *Observatory Mansions*, but the seventh track on the tentative track list, "Hymns for the Small Towns", was not included on the album. "Hymns for the Small Towns" is since unreleased.

Dollanganger hand-made a limited number of physical copies of her first four records (on cassette tape format and CD-R disc format), intending to sell them.

### 2015–2016: Eerie Organization and *Natural Born Losers*

In 2015, Dollanganger, alongside Canadian singer and musician Grimes, opened for American singer-songwriter Lana Del Rey at a Toronto concert. Grimes, a fan of Dollanganger's work, later announced that she would be creating her own record label, Eerie Organization, particularly to help release Dollanganger's album *Natural Born Losers,* stating "It's a crime against humanity for this music not to be heard". In October and November 2015, Dollanganger was a supporting musician in Grimes' Rhinestone Cowgirls Tour.

In March 2016, Dollanganger's song "Chapel" (which would later be included on her 2018 album *Heart Shaped Bed*, released on Grimes' record label Eerie Organization, which had since been renamed Crystal Math Music) was featured in the fourteenth episode of the sixth season of the television series *The Walking Dead*, "Twice as Far". Later, from August to September 2016, Dollanganger embarked on a co-headlining tour across the United States with bands Elvis Depressedly and Teen Suicide.

### 2017–2020: *Heart Shaped Bed*, touring, and collaborations

In February 2017, Dollanganger was the support act for the last leg of hardcore band Code Orange's Forever tour. In May 2017, she collaborated with grindcore band Full of Hell by providing clean vocals on the title track of their LP *Trumpeting Ecstasy*.

In 2018, she announced her upcoming album *Heart Shaped Bed*. On March 30, she released the first five tracks of the album only on her Bandcamp page. In June, she joined Code Orange for select dates for their The New Reality tour, alongside acts Vein and Twitching Tongues. Later, on October 26, *Heart Shaped Bed* was properly released and included a newly recorded version of the single "Chapel", produced by Arthur Rizk.

In 2020, she collaborated with musical duo 100 gecs, Craig Owens, and Fall Out Boy on a remix of the 100 gecs song "Hand Crushed by a Mallet" for the album *1000 gecs and the Tree of Clues*, a remix album of *1000 gecs* (2019).

### 2021–present: *Married in Mount Airy*

On March 31, 2021, Dollanganger released a new song "Whispering Glades". On November 4, 2022, Dollanganger released a new song "Gold Satin Dreamer". A few weeks later, Dollanganger released "Runnin' Free". All three singles ended up being included on Dollanganger's seventh studio album titled *Married in Mount Airy*, which was released on January 6, 2023.

## Discography

### Studio albums

List of studio albums, with selected details
| Title | Album details |
| --- | --- |
| *Curdled Milk* |  |
| *Flowers of Flesh and Blood* | * Released: November 25, 2012 * Label: Self-released * Format: Digital download, streaming |
| *Ode to Dawn Wiener: Embarrassing Love Songs* | * Released: February 20, 2013 * Label: Self-released * Format: Digital download, streaming |
| *Observatory Mansions* | * Released: January 10, 2014 * Label: Self-released * Format: Digital download, streaming |
| *Natural Born Losers* | * Released: October 9, 2015 * Label: Eerie Organization * Format: Digital download, streaming |
| *Heart Shaped Bed* | * Released: October 26, 2018 * Label: Crystal Math Music, Eerie Organization * Format: Digital download, streaming |
| *Married in Mount Airy* | * Released: January 6, 2023 * Label: Self-released * Format: Digital download, streaming |

### Singles

List of singles, with year released and album name shown
| Title | Year | Album |
| --- | --- | --- |
| "Chapel" | 2016 | Non-album singles |
| | | "Observatory Mansions II" |
| "Lemonade" | 2018 | *Heart Shaped Bed* |
| "Whispering Glades" | 2021 | *Married in Mount Airy* |
| "Gold Satin Dreamer" | | 2022 |
| | | "Runnin' Free" |

1. Tapeline, Dennis (August 9, 2018). "Nicole Dollanganger: Taboo-Pushing Chanteuse Shaped by Hardcore and Horror". *Revolver*. Retrieved March 8, 2021.
2. Rose, Francesca (November 20, 2018). "Music You Should Know: The Horror Movie Ambience of Nicole Dollanganger". *Atwood Magazine*. Retrieved March 8, 2021.
3. Moreland, Quinn (November 8, 2018). "Nicole Dollanganger: Heart Shaped Bed". *Pitchfork*. Retrieved March 8, 2021.
4. McDermott, Patrick (October 3, 2015). "Nicole Dollanganger Sings For Freaks Like You". *The Fader*. Retrieved March 8, 2021.
5. Cills, Hazel (October 5, 2015). "Nicole Dollanganger: Natural Born Losers". *Pitchfork*. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
6. "10 New Artists You Need to Know: October 2015". *Rolling Stone*. October 28, 2015. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
7. Turner, David (October 6, 2015). "Nicole Dollanganger 'Natural Born Losers' Album Review". *Rolling Stone*. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
8. Monger, James. "Nicole Dollanganger on Apple Music". *Apple Music*. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
9. "Nicole Dollanganger readies Natural Born Losers". *Fact Magazine*. August 28, 2015. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
10. Dollanganger, Nicole (2018). "Nicole Dollanganger INTERVIEW". *Sunday Glide* (Interview). Interviewed by Bobby Gale. Prince Edward: Prince Edward County Radio Corporation.
11. "Nicole Dollanganger". *SoundHound*. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
12. Geffen, Sasha (October 3, 2015). "CoSign: Nicole Dollanganger". *Consequence of Sound*. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
13. Alexander, Anne (October 20, 2015). "ARTIST INTERVIEW: Nicole Dollanganger". *Audiofemme*. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
14. Doherty, Michael (August 6, 2015). "Nicole Dollanganger's Music is Darkly Dolled Up". *Vice Media*. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
15. "Nicole Dollanganger - Tammy Faye (Lyrics)". *Genius*. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
16. "Flowers of Flesh and Blood, by Nicole Dollanganger". *Bandcamp*. November 25, 2012. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
17. "Ode to Dawn Wiener: Embarrassing Love Songs, by Nicole Dollanganger". *Bandcamp*. February 20, 2013. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
18. "Curdled Milk, by Nicole Dollanganger". *Bandcamp*. July 13, 2012. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
19. Doran, Elizabeth (July 16, 2019). "Singer Nicole Dollanganger posts about Bianca Devins murder". *Syracuse.com*. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
20. Downie, Jason. "The Haunting Storytelling Of Nicole Dollanganger". *Beat*. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
21. Cusumano, Katherine (November 23, 2015). "Discovery: Nicole Dollanganger". *Interview Magazine*. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
22. "Observatory Mansions, by Nicole Dollanganger". *Bandcamp*. January 10, 2014. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
23. Flanagan, Andrew (August 28, 2015). "Grimes Announces the Launch of Eerie Organization, Will Release Newcomer Nicole Dollanganger". *Billboard*. Archived from the original on May 13, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
24. Roffman, Michael (September 14, 2015). "Grimes announces Rhinestone Cowgirls fall tour dates". *Consequence of Sound*. Archived from the original on March 20, 2016. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
25. Rowles, Dustin (March 21, 2016). "10 Questions We Have After This Week's Sad, Confusing 'The Walking Dead'". *Uproxx*. Archived from the original on June 25, 2016. Retrieved June 16, 2016.
26. Sacher, Andrew (June 1, 2016). "Teen Suicide, Elvis Depressedly & Nicole Dollanganger announce tour". *BrooklynVegan*. Archived from the original on June 25, 2016. Retrieved June 16, 2016.
27. Sperry-Fromm, Rob (November 17, 2016). "Code Orange Releasing Forever, Touring with Youth Code and Nicole Dollanganger". *BrooklynVegan*. Archived from the original on November 18, 2016. Retrieved November 17, 2016.
28. "FULL OF HELL Complete Work On New Album "Trumpeting Ecstasy"". *Profound Lore Records*. February 21, 2017. Archived from the original on February 22, 2017. Retrieved February 21, 2017.
29. Rettig, James (March 30, 2018). "Hear 5 Songs From Nicole Dollanganger's New Album Heart Shaped Bed". *Stereogum.com*.
30. Camp, Zoe (April 26, 2018). "Code Orange Announce U.S. Headlining "The New Reality Tour"". *Revolver*.
31. Cusumano, Katharine (October 26, 2018). "Nicole Dollanganger's Honeymoon Phase". *Stereogum.com*. Archived from the original on January 23, 2019.
32. Breihan, Tom (March 31, 2021). "Nicole Dollanganger – "Whispering Glades"". *Stereogum.com*.
33. Breihan, Tom (November 4, 2022). "Nicole Dollanganger – "Gold Satin Dreamer"". *Stereogum.com*.

## InfoBox

| Nicole Dollanganger | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Nicole Ann Bell |
| Born | (1991-09-08) September 8, 1991<br>Scarborough, Ontario, Canada |
| Genres |  |
| Occupations | * Singer-songwriter * artist |
| Instruments | * Vocals * guitar |
| Years active | 2011–present |
| Labels |  |
|  | |
| Website | nicoledollanganger.com |


title: Nicole Dennis-Benn

abstract: Nicole Dennis-Benn is a Jamaican novelist. She is known for her 2016 debut novel, Here Comes the Sun, which was named a "Best Book of the year" by The New York Times, and for her best-selling novel, Patsy, acclaimed by Time, NPR, People Magazine, and Oprah Magazine. She lives and works in Brooklyn, New York. She is a notable out lesbian and feminist author who explores themes of gender, sexuality, Jamaican life, and its diaspora in her works.

text:
# Nicole Dennis-Benn

**Nicole Dennis-Benn** (born c.1982) is a Jamaican novelist. She is known for her 2016 debut novel, *Here Comes the Sun*, which was named a "Best Book of the year" by *The New York Times*, and for her best-selling novel, *Patsy*, acclaimed by *Time*, NPR, *People Magazine*, and *Oprah Magazine*. She lives and works in Brooklyn, New York. She is a notable out lesbian and feminist author who explores themes of gender, sexuality, Jamaican life, and its diaspora in her works.

## Life

Nicole Dennis-Benn was born and raised in Kingston, Jamaica. Her family lived in Vineyard Town, where she spent most of her childhood before moving to Portmore, St. Catherine. When she was 11 years old, Dennis-Benn won an academic scholarship to the prestigious St Andrew High School for Girls in Kingston. She left Jamaica at 17 due to her displeasure over race and class inequalities on the island, as well as the lack of opportunities for upward mobility. Her mother sent her to New York to live with her father after she expressed her feelings of hopelessness in high school. She became "a new woman" in New York, eventually feeling like a true New Yorker, though she still considers Jamaica home. Growing up in Jamaica, Dennis-Benn said "I had felt as if I were the only lesbian in a country in which police turn a blind eye to mob violence against gays, and \[where\] sex between men is punishable by law."

In America, she went on to attend college, receiving a bachelor's degree in Biology and Nutritional Sciences from Cornell University in 2003. She wrote throughout her college years to cope with her homesickness and found that she enjoyed writing more than her pre-med courses. In 2004, she pursued a master's degree in Public Health, specializing in women's reproductive health, at the University of Michigan's top ranking MPH program in Ann Arbor, graduating in 2006. Dennis-Benn then went on to work as a Project Manager in Gender, Sexuality and Health Research in the Department of Sociomedical Sciences at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health for four years before finally deciding to pursue her passion as a writer.

While working at Columbia, she attended the MFA program in Creative Writing, Fiction, from Sarah Lawrence College and graduated in 2012. Nicole Dennis-Benn is on the faculty of the Creative Writing program at Princeton University and is a Kowald Visiting Faculty member for City College's MFA program.

### Marriage

Nicole married her wife, Emma Benn, in May 2012 in Jamaica. Their wedding became a viral sensation on the island, making national news because “the media \[had\] played it out as the first lesbian wedding” on the island. Despite fears about their high visibility as "out" lesbians, their desire to have an outdoor ceremony, and the history of attacks on same-sex couples on the island, they were able to find a safe venue. Dennis-Benn describes parts of Jamaica as safer for same-sex couples and has committed and engaged LGBT friends on the island. They were married one year after same-sex marriage became legal in New York. Friends and family joined to celebrate, with many curious and excited hotel staffers, all taking pictures of the ceremony.

## Awards and writing recognitions

In 2016, Dennis-Benn published her much acclaimed debut novel, *Here Comes the Sun*, with W.W. Norton/Liveright, becoming a writer to watch according to *Publishers Weekly*. She followed the success of her debut novel with a highly-acclaimed bestseller, *PATSY*, which became a *Read with Jenna Today Show* Book-club pick. Nicole Dennis-Benn is a two time *Lambda Literary Award* winner for her novels, *Here Comes the Sun* and *PATSY*. Dennis-Benn is a recipient of the National Foundation for the Arts Grant. She was also a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle John Leonard Award, the New York Public Library Young Lions Award, the Center for Fiction's First Novel Prize; long-listed for the Pen/Faulkner Award in Fiction and short-listed for the Aspen Words Literary Prize. Her novels have appeared on several must-read and best-of-book lists.

She has written for *The New York Times*, *ELLE Magazine*, *Catapult*, *Red Rock Review*, *Kweli Literary Journal*, *Ebony*, and the *Feminist Wire*.

## Writing

Nicole Dennis-Benn's work challenges issues of “homophobia,...sexualization of young girls, race, class, \[and\] socioeconomic disparities” In 2010, while bringing her partner to visit Jamaica, she was confronted again by all of these issues, and her own identity. This solidified her decision to become a writer rather than continue her medical career. Her writing is often described in literary reviews as "harsh," "striking," and "engaging." Her tone does what she intends in order to expose the controversial underside of Jamaica's flashy tourism. Dennis-Benn hopes that her writing can “contribute to the greater good” and teach people important things about the places and people in her stories. The dialogue in her stories and novels is written in the patois dialect. Jennifer Senior describes it as "one of the book's \[Here Comes the Sun's\] incidental pleasures, its own melodious tune." It gives insight into Jamaican culture and Dennis-Benn's "internal speech."

## Novels

### *Here Comes the Sun*

Her debut novel, *Here Comes the Sun*, garnered positive critical attention and praise as it explores many of Jamaica's controversial issues. Dennis-Benn hopes her novel will get “people talking and thinking,” as she explores the "themes of love, identity, sexuality, and belonging" that all readers may be able to connect to.

The novel seeks to show the racial, social, and economic disparities that are often covered up by the Jamaican government's emphasis on unity. Poor and working-class Jamaicans are exploited “by the tourism industry to repay our \[national\] debt.” Naive Thandi, hotel worker Margot, her much older sister, and tourist-trapping Dolores, their mother, show, in three generations, the struggle that average Jamaicans face while trying daily to survive and find opportunities for success. According to Jennifer Senior, the novel shows “the ugliest legacy of colonialism,” the “self-hatred, passed down from one generation to the next” as Thandi tries to lighten her skin and her sister and mother remain caught up in the sex and tourism trades.

Readers tell her "I went through that" as they read about the over-sexualization of girls and the hustle to thrive. One goal of the novel is to give a voice to the ignored issues and complacency in the working class. Reni Eddo-Loge describes the novel as "an engaging debut about exploitation and racial prejudice, as seen through the eyes of three women" showing the "creeping colonialism of the hotel industry" and the "effect of displacement" on local peoples.

### *Patsy*

Her second novel, *Patsy*, was released on 4 June 2019. An excerpt was published in feminist magazine Lenny Letter in 2017. The excerpt reveals a similar use of the patois dialect and themes of identity, motherhood, gender, class, and immigration.

## Themes

Dennis-Benn's works cover a number of themes including race, class, colonialism, self-acceptance, self-hatred, homophobia, love, and sexualization.

### Sexuality

Her works address two sides of sexuality, the issue of being LGBT in Jamaica and the sexualization of young girls, especially by older men. Dennis-Benn was motivated to write because of these issues and her own experiences with them. Like the author, her heroine, Margot, in *Here Comes the Sun* lives a closeted life on Jamaica. According to Rosamond S. King, there is an increase in portrayals of same-sex couples in Jamaican literature. She explains that "the publication of Dennis-Benn’s...first \[novel\] with major US publishers—and major marketing budgets... marks a sea change in the literary landscape” and a possible resulting change in the self-identification of more Jamaican women as LGBT.

While there is more openness today, and there are more literary portrayals of same-sex Caribbean characters, there are still violent signs of homophobia in Jamaica. Dennis-Benn explains that her ability to write came only once she was in America, and that other LGBT Jamaicans have had similar experiences. King writes that “the homophobia that made \[LGBT authors\] immigrate are taken up by the media to become an integral part of the story of the entire region.” While laws in Jamaica still tend towards homophobia, Jamaicans themselves are less overwhelmingly homophobic according to King's study. Dennis-Benn's novel gives Jamaicans an entry point to discuss same-sex love through characters such as Margot, because while they may not understand Margot's sexuality, they can relate to other parts of her life, which humanizes the issue.

### Working-class Jamaican life

Nicole Dennis-Benn describes being Jamaican as being "an ambassador" to the rest of the world. She says it feels like it is the job of working-class people to “sell the fantasy” of what the tourists expect Jamaica to be like to them. She wanted to show who the people behind the fantasy are because working class Jamaicans and women “are invisible." It is important that visitors can see the working class and see the real Jamaican culture. In an interview with LAFB, she describes how "upward mobility in Jamaica is extremely difficult, which is why a lot of working-class Jamaicans leave." A small number of Jamaicans, especially lighter skinned, own the resorts and profit from tourism, but many people are stuck in a rut of poverty. It is her hope that as Jamaicans read her novel and connect to themes that they will "realize that we are free — free to love, free to be, and most importantly, free to change."

### Stigmatization and danger of sex work

In *Here Comes the Sun*, Margot works as a prostitute at the hotel in order to save up additional money for her younger sister, Thandi, to be able to go to private school and then college. Like many Jamaican sex workers, Margot does this because she has to, and she is often afraid that her coworkers at the hotel will find out and turn her in. Sharpe and Pinto explain that “Caribbean women see sex work as a legitimate way to raise money for...sending their children to private schools." There is also an underground sex tourism that brings both men and women travelers to Jamaica in order to explore their own sexuality and live out fantasies of having sex with someone 'exotic.' Nicole Dennis-Benn shows this in her novel through Margot, who explains the way men (male tourists) so often just want to see her black skin and see what her body looks like. Sharpe and Pinto confirm that studies show "Tourists often extend the romance of their vacation on an island paradise to the sex workers themselves." The Sex Work Coalition Archived 2018-06-30 at the Wayback Machine in Jamaica works towards helping decriminalize sex work in Jamaica and advocates for the rights and safety of sex workers. They hope to end the stigma against sex workers as well as the health care discrimination they experience.

### Racial prejudice and skin whitening

Thandi, in *Here Comes the Sun*, struggles with her identity and popularity as a teenage girl because she is very dark skinned. She spends some of the little money her family has on cream from an old fisherman's wife, in an attempt to lighten her skin. Skin lightening is a booming industry in Jamaica, making huge profits. Thandi hopes to lighten her skin so that the boys at school will like her. They call her a "browning," and say that she will be more popular at the party she is invited to later in the school year if she has lighter skin. In an article exploring the skin bleaching culture in Jamaica, Rebekah Kebede interviews Jody Cooper who explains: "When you black in Jamaica, nobody see you." Christopher Charles notes that the bleaching culture comes from European ideals and Colonialism, since brown Jamaicans were assumed to be half-white and "often receiv\[ing\] greater access to land and resources as a result of their white ancestry." Dennis-Benn's story “Growing Up with Miss Jamaica” states "though they were strangers, our community seemed to love them more than they loved us" solely for their lighter skin. Being darker results in insults like "blackie" and though some people bleach for self-esteem or due to self-hatred, it has become an accepted part of Jamaican culture.

### The destructive force of tourism

Tourism is a huge part of the Jamaican economy, though the money it brings in is tempered by the damage it causes to local communities and the environment. In *Here Comes the Sun*, Margot earns decent money at the local resort and Delores earns her money by conning tourists into buying her souvenirs. Dennis-Benn shows how people use the tourists in order to survive, but she also shows the terrible living conditions that her characters deal with as they struggle to buy enough food and the small fishing town crumbles down outside of the sight of the resort. Margot reflects on her poor school friends who are mothers and struggling even more without the chance to work at the hotel, but the only reason Margot seems to make good money is because she also does sex work. Dennis-Benn explains that as tourism picked up, "the developers and government alike became ravenous, indifferent" to the struggles of their people in the quest for profits. Tourism creates tremendous pressure on people to sell and perform.

## Bibliography

### Novels

### Short writings, articles, and stories

* "Who's Allowed to Hold Hands?"
* "The Day I Learnt to Accept that My Dark Skin was Beautiful"
* "We Deh Yah"
* “What it Means to be a Writing in the Time of Trump"
* “My First Visit to the Church of American Democracy"
* “Resistance, Desire, and History: The Story of My Deadlocks"
* “A Woman-Child in Jamaica"
* "Coming Out as a Writer"
* "Innocence is a Privilege: Black Children Are Not Allowed to Be Innocent in America"
* "Breaking Taboos and Loving the Characters We Fear"
* "Growing Up With Miss Jamaica"
* "Shifting Selves: Holding Two Flags"
* "Mecca Jamilah Sullivan: Interview"
* "What’s in a Name"
* "What’s for Sale" (Nominated for 2016 Pushcart Prize)
* "God Nuh Like Ugly" (Nominate for 2016 Pushcart Prize)
* "Chinelo Okparanta-Interview"
* "Ayana Mathis: Interview"
* "The Measure of a True Artiste"
* "In Her Own Words"
* "The Impact of Living Out Loud as a Gay Jamaican"

## InfoBox

| Nicole Dennis-Benn | |
| --- | --- |
| Dennis-Benn in 2016 | |
| Born | c. 1982
Kingston, Jamaica |
| Citizenship | Jamaica (birth), United States*\[explain status\]* |
| Alma mater | Sarah Lawrence College, University of Michigan, Cornell University, Nassau Community College, St. Andrew High School for Girls |
| Occupation | Novelist |
| Notable work | *Here Comes the Sun*
*PATSY* |
| Spouse | Dr. Emma Benn (m. 2012) |
| Website | www.nicoledennisbenn.com |


title: Nigel Clutton

abstract: Nigel Clutton is an English former footballer who played as a forward. He made a professional appearance for his hometown club, Chester. Clutton was a prolific striker playing Saturday and Sunday League football for Chester-based sides Blacon YC, Crusaders, Reliance and the Union Vaults and working as a milkman when he was given his solitary Football League outing for Chester on 1 March 1978 at home to Carlisle United. Clutton was given his chance due to injuries to Ian Edwards and Ian Howat and he lined up in attack alongside new signing Ian Mellor Nigel still lives in Chester with his wife, Helen and cat, Teddy..

text:
# Nigel Clutton

**Nigel Clutton** (born 12 February 1954) is an English former footballer who played as a forward. He made a professional appearance for his hometown club, Chester.

Clutton was a prolific striker playing Saturday and Sunday League football for Chester-based sides Blacon YC, Crusaders, Reliance and the Union Vaults and working as a milkman when he was given his solitary Football League outing for Chester on 1 March 1978 at home to Carlisle United. Clutton was given his chance due to injuries to Ian Edwards and Ian Howat and he lined up in attack alongside new signing Ian Mellor

Nigel still lives in Chester with his wife, Helen and cat, Teddy. .

## InfoBox

Nigel Clutton
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1954-02-12) 12 February 1954 | | |
| Place of birth | Chester, England | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1978 | Chester | 1 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Nikki Coates

abstract: Nikki Coates is a Grand Prix motorcycle racer from Great Britain. As of 2015, he competes in the FIM CEV Moto2 European Championship for Team Stratos aboard an Ariane.

text:
# Nikki Coates

**Nikki Coates** is a Grand Prix motorcycle racer from Great Britain. As of 2015, he competes in the FIM CEV Moto2 European Championship for Team Stratos aboard an Ariane.

## Career statistics

2004- Irish 125cc Championship #65 Honda RS125R
2005- 32nd, British 125cc Championship #29 Honda RS125R
2006- 18th, British 125cc Championship #65 Honda RS125R
2007- 5th, British 125cc Championship #65 Honda RS125R
2008- 17th, British National Superstock 600 Championship #65 Honda CBR600RR
2009- 10th, British National Superstock 600 Championship #65 Yamaha YZF-R6
2010- 11th, British National Superstock 600 Championship #65 Yamaha YZF-R6
2011- 34th, CEV Moto2 Championship #65 AJR EVO 2011
2012- 15th, British Supersport Championship #65 Yamaha YZF-R6
2013- 26th, British Supersport Championship #85 Kawasaki ZX-6R
2014- NC, British National Superstock 1000 Championship #65 Kawasaki ZX-10R
2015- 27th, CEV Moto2 European Championship #65 Ariane Moto2

### FIM Moto2 European Championship

#### Races by year

(key) (Races in **bold** indicate pole position) (Races in *italics* indicate fastest lap)

| Year | Bike | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | Pos | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 | Arianetech | ALG1
21 | ALG2
12 | CAT
13 | ARA1
17 | ARA2
17 | ALB
24 | NAV1
16 | NAV2
22 | JER
20 | VAL1
21 | VAL2
Ret | 27th | 7 |

### Grand Prix motorcycle racing

#### By season

| Season | Class | Motorcycle | Team | Number | Race | Win | Podium | Pole | FLap | Pts | Plcd |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2007 | 125cc | Honda | KRP | 83 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NC |
| Total |  |  |  |  | **1** | **0** | **0** | **0** | **0** | **0** |  |

#### Races by year

| Year | Class | Bike | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | Pos | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2007 | 125cc | Honda | QAT | SPA | TUR | CHN | FRA | ITA | CAT | GBR
27 | NED | GER | CZE | RSM | POR | JPN | AUS | MAL | VAL | NC | 0 |

## InfoBox

| Nikki Coates | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | British |
| Born | (1989-01-15) 15 January 1989
Belfast, Northern Ireland |
| Current team | Team Stratos |
| Bike number | 65 |


title: Nikki Cleary

abstract:
Brittney Rose "Nikki" Cleary is an American pop-rock singer. She first entered the pop market with the song "I.M. Me" while still using her given name. Her first album, Everything I Wished For, was released by the Free Falls record label in 2002 after two years of recording. The album reached #45 on the Billboard Top Independent Albums chart. When Cleary signed with Jive Records in summer 2002, they asked to change her name because they already had a Britney on their roster. Her eponymous debut album was released a year later. She appeared on a Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards record in 2003, with her single "1, 2, 3". She also performed on Nickelodeon's All That.
Cleary also did a version of "Summertime Guys", used on the Kim Possible soundtrack. Her song "Hated" was on the Mean Girls film soundtrack. Cleary attended Mohonasen's Draper Middle School in Schenectady, New York, and Clayton A. Bouton High School in Voorheesville, New York. She was married in summer 2009 and has four children.

text:
# Nikki Cleary

**Brittney Rose** "**Nikki**" **Cleary** (born May 11, 1988, Albany, New York) is an American pop-rock singer.

She first entered the pop market with the song "I.M. Me" while still using her given name. Her first album, *Everything I Wished For*, was released by the Free Falls record label in 2002 after two years of recording. The album reached #45 on the *Billboard* Top Independent Albums chart. When Cleary signed with Jive Records in summer 2002, they asked to change her name because they already had a Britney on their roster. Her eponymous debut album was released a year later.

She appeared on a Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards record in 2003, with her single "1, 2, 3". She also performed on Nickelodeon's *All That*. Cleary also did a version of "Summertime Guys", used on the *Kim Possible* soundtrack. Her song "Hated" was on the *Mean Girls* film soundtrack.

Cleary attended Mohonasen's Draper Middle School in Schenectady, New York, and Clayton A. Bouton High School in Voorheesville, New York. She was married in summer 2009 and has four children.

## Discography


title: Nikolaus Katzer

abstract: Nikolaus Katzer is a German historian and was the director of the German Historical Institute Moscow until 2018.

text:
# Nikolaus Katzer

**Nikolaus Katzer** (born 12 October 1952) is a German historian and was the director of the German Historical Institute Moscow until 2018.

## Early life and education

Nikolaus Katzer was born in Marburg on 12 October 1952. From 1974 to 1978 he studied history and Russian studies at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main. In 1978 he completed the first state exams and in 1984 the second state exams for the Gymnasiallehramt. In 1983 his doctorate was awarded.

## Career

Katzer worked on a research project to the quadripartite meetings with the 1950s and was from 1987 to 1993 assistant professor at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University of Bonn. In 1993 he was a fellow of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. This was followed by research trips and archival research in London, Stanford, New York and Moscow. From 1994 to 1996 he worked as a teacher of history and Russian at Elizabeth High School in Frankfurt am Main. In 1996, he qualified as a professor. Since then, he has been professor of the history of the 19th and 20th centuries with special regard Central and Eastern Europe at the Helmut Schmidt University Hamburg. Since May 2010 he has been director of the German Historical Institute in Moscow. Since 2010 he has been a member of the joint commission for the exploration of the recent history of German-Russian relations.

His research interests include:

* War and Social Order, Civil War and Social Change (1812-1825, 1914-1921)
* Social and cultural history of the Brežnev era
* Science, technology and modernity in Russia
* Body culture and sport in Soviet civilization
* Literature and history

## Selected publications

* *Die weisse Bewegung in Russland*. Köln, Böhlau, 1999. ISBN 978-3-412-11698-9


title: Nikolaus Kraft

abstract: Nikolaus Kraft was an Austrian cellist and composer. He was the son of Antonín Kraft, under whom he first studied. He then trained under Jean-Louis Duport (1801). He claimed to have been the soloist for the premiere of Beethoven's Triple Concerto and played alongside Mozart and Anton Teyber on 12 April 1789 at Dresden on Mozart's Berlin journey.

text:
# Nikolaus Kraft

**Nikolaus Kraft** (14 December 1778, Eszterháza, Hungary – 18 May 1853, Cheb, Bohemia) was an Austrian cellist and composer (six cello concertos). He was the son of Antonín Kraft, under whom he first studied. He then trained under Jean-Louis Duport (1801). He claimed to have been the soloist for the premiere of Beethoven's *Triple Concerto* and played alongside Mozart and Anton Teyber on 12 April 1789 at Dresden on Mozart's Berlin journey.


title: Nikolayevskoye Urban Settlement

abstract:
Nikolayevskoye Urban Settlement is the name of several municipal formations in Russia.
  - Nikolayevskoye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the settlement of Nikolayevka and two rural localities in Smidovichsky District of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast are incorporated as
  - Nikolayevskoye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which Nikolayevsky Settlement Okrug in Nikolayevsky District of Ulyanovsk Oblast is incorporated as

text:
# Nikolayevskoye Urban Settlement

**Nikolayevskoye Urban Settlement** is the name of several municipal formations in Russia.

### Notes

### Sources

* Законодательное Собрание Еврейской автономной области. Закон №335-ОЗ от 2 ноября 2004 г. «О границах и статусе городских, сельских поселений в составе Смидовичского муниципального района», в ред. Закона №511-ОЗ от 29 июня 2005 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон ЕАО "О границах и статусе городских, сельских поселений в составе Смидовичского муниципального района"». Вступил в силу через 10 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Биробиджанер штерн", №92, 21 декабря 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast. Law #335-OZ of November 2, 2004 *On the Borders and Status of the Urban, Rural Settlements Within Smidovichsky Municipal District*, as amended by the Law #511-OZ of June 29, 2005 *On Amending the Law of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast "On the Borders and Status of the Urban, Rural Settlements Within Smidovichsky Municipal District"*. Effective as of the day which is 10 days after the day of the official publication.).
* Законодательное Собрание Ульяновской области. Закон №126-ЗО от 3 октября 2006 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Ульяновской области», в ред. Закона №225-ЗО от 29 декабря 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Ульяновской области "О муниципальных образованиях Ульяновской области" и Закон Ульяновской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Ульяновской области"». Опубликован: "Ульяновская правда", №77 (22.513), 6 октября 2006 г. (Legislative Assembly of Ulyanovsk Oblast. Law #126-ZO of October 3, 2006 *On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Ulyanovsk Oblast*, as amended by the Law #225-ZO of December 29, 2014 *On Amending the Law of Ulyanovsk Oblast "On the Municipal Formations of Ulyanovsk Oblast" and the Law of Ulyanovsk Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Ulyanovsk Oblast"*. ).
* Законодательное Собрание Ульяновской области. Закон №043-ЗО от 13 июля 2004 г. «О муниципальных образованиях Ульяновской области», в ред. Закона №225-ЗО от 29 декабря 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Ульяновской области "О муниципальных образованиях Ульяновской области" и Закон Ульяновской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Ульяновской области"». Вступил в силу через десять дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Деловой Вестник", №78(2818), 20 июля 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of Ulyanovsk Oblast. Law #043-ZO of July 13, 2004 *On the Municipal Formations of Ulyanovsk Oblast*, as amended by the Law #225-ZO of December 29, 2014 *On Amending the Law of Ulyanovsk Oblast "On the Municipal Formations of Ulyanovsk Oblast" and the Law of Ulyanovsk Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Ulyanovsk Oblast"*. Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication.).


title: Giuseppe Zauli

abstract: Giuseppe Zauli was an Italian painter and engraver. He trained at the Accademia Clementina of Bologna. He was a collaborator with Francesco Rosaspina and Felice Giani. He dedicated himself to the practice and teaching of engraving. He was the first director of a school of fine arts in Faenza, called "Scuola di Disegno e Plastica", begun in 1796. This would become the Scuola di Disegno Tommaso Minardi.

text:
# Giuseppe Zauli

**Giuseppe Zauli** (1763  1822) was an Italian painter and engraver.

He trained at the Accademia Clementina of Bologna. He was a collaborator with Francesco Rosaspina and Felice Giani. He dedicated himself to the practice and teaching of engraving. He was the first director of a school of fine arts in Faenza, called "Scuola di Disegno e Plastica", begun in 1796. This would become the *Scuola di Disegno Tommaso Minardi*.


title: Ursulaea

abstract: Ursulaea is a genus in the plant family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae. Some authorities treat Ursulaea as a synonym of Aechmea. There are two known species, both endemic to Mexico.

text:
# Ursulaea

***Ursulaea*** (named for Ursula Baensch, plant breeder and co-author of *Blooming Bromeliads*) is a genus in the plant family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae. Some authorities treat *Ursulaea* as a synonym of *Aechmea*. There are two known species, both endemic to Mexico.

## Species

| Image | Name | Distribution |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | *Ursulaea macvaughii* (L.B. Smith) R.W. Read & H.U. Baensch | Mexico (southern Jalisco through Colima to western Michoacán). |
|  | *Ursulaea tuitensis* (Magaña & E.J. Lott) R.W. Read & H.U. Baensch | Mexico (Jalisco). |
|

## InfoBox

| *Ursulaea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *U. macvaughii* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Bromeliaceae |
| Subfamily: | Bromelioideae |
| Genus: | *Ursulaea*<br>Read & Baensch |
|
| Species | |
| See text | |
| Synonyms | |
| *Aechmea* | |


title: Wong v Beaumont Property Trust Ltd

abstract: Wong v Beaumont Property Trust Ltd [1965] 1 QB 173 is an English land law case, concerning easements.

text:
# Wong v Beaumont Property Trust Ltd

***Wong v Beaumont Property Trust Ltd*** \[1965\] 1 QB 173 is an English land law case, concerning easements.

## Facts

Mr Wong leased a basement for his Chinese restaurant, Chopstick, 83 and 84 Queen Street, Exeter. The lease said he should control all smells, comply with health regulations and not cause nuisance to the landlord or other occupiers. The vent was inadequate, a larger flue needed. The landlord objected.

## Judgment

Lord Denning MR held that an easement could be implied so Mr Wong could comply with his obligations under the lease. He cited *Pwllbach Colliery Co Ltd v Woodman* on common intentions and said, ‘That is the principle which underlies all easements of necessity.’

*

## InfoBox

| Wong v Beaumont Property Trust Ltd | |
| --- | --- |
| Court | Court of Appeal |
| Citation | \[1965\] 1 QB 173 |
| Keywords | |
| Easements | |