title: Moot Hall, Hexham

abstract: The Moot Hall is a former judicial structure in The Market Place, Hexham, Northumberland, England. The structure, which currently accommodates an art gallery on the ground floor and the museums department of Northumberland County Council on the upper floors, is a Grade I listed building.

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# Moot Hall, Hexham

The **Moot Hall** is a former judicial structure in The Market Place, Hexham, Northumberland, England. The structure, which currently accommodates an art gallery on the ground floor and the museums department of Northumberland County Council on the upper floors, is a Grade I listed building.

## History

The building was commissioned by the Archbishop of York, Alexander Neville, as a gatehouse to an enclosure now known as Hallgate, where the Old Gaol stands. The Moot Hall was designed in the Medieval style, built in rubble masonry and was completed in around 1379.

The design involved a four-storey tower, with a three-storey annex to the left, facing onto the Market Place. The tower featured a two-storey round headed recess containing a vaulted carriageway on the ground floor and a bi-partite mullioned window with cusped heads on the first floor. There were lancet windows on the floors above and a parapet at roof level. The annex was fenestrated by a single window with a cusped head on the first floor and by a casement window on the second floor; it was surmounted by a heavily machicolated parapet. Internally, the principal rooms were a vaulted space on the ground floor, the courtroom on the first floor and the bailiff's hall on the second floor.

The courtroom served as the main courtroom of the former Liberty or Peculiar of Hexhamshire until the county was absorbed into Northumberland in 1572. After that it was used as a venue for the midsummer quarter sessions until 1838, and the building still stands as one of the best surviving examples of a medieval courthouse in the north of England.

A collection of 10,000 books, which had been presented by a local grocery chain proprietor, Joseph William Brough, in 1948, was stored in the building and remained there until it was relocated to a new library in the central section of the Queen's Hall in 1983. The upper storeys of the building subsequently accommodated the museums department of Tynedale District Council, and since the introduction of unitary authorities in 2009, they have accommodated the museums department of Northumberland County Council. Meanwhile, the vaulted space on the ground floor has been made available for hire as an art gallery.

## InfoBox

| Moot Hall, Hexham | |
| --- | --- |
| Moot Hall, Hexham | |
| Location | Market Place, Hexham |
| Coordinates | 54°58′18″N 2°06′03″W / 54.9716°N 2.1008°W / 54.9716; -2.1008 |
| Built | c.1379 |
| Architectural style(s) | Medieval style |
|  | |
| Listed Building – Grade I | |
| Official name | The Moot Hall |
| Designated | 2 October 1951 |
| Reference no. | 1042577 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Shown in Northumberland | |


title: Montgomery Riverwalk Stadium

abstract: Montgomery Riverwalk Stadium is the home of the Montgomery Biscuits of the Southern League. The minor league baseball ballpark opened in Montgomery, Alabama in 2004. Located in downtown Montgomery, the stadium can host up to 7,000 people a night. Riverwalk Stadium is a converted century-old train shed. The actual train station is located two blocks away from the field. The abandoned train shed is what is on the exterior of the first base side of the park. Riverwalk Stadium is located near the Alabama River. Montgomery offers a riverfront area that is easily accessible from Riverwalk Stadium with a children's splash pad. There is also an amphitheater located behind the field.

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# Montgomery Riverwalk Stadium

**Montgomery Riverwalk Stadium** is the home of the Montgomery Biscuits of the Southern League. The minor league baseball ballpark opened in Montgomery, Alabama in 2004. Located in downtown Montgomery, the stadium can host up to 7,000 people a night.

Riverwalk Stadium is a converted century-old train shed. The actual train station is located two blocks away from the field. The abandoned train shed is what is on the exterior of the first base side of the park. Riverwalk Stadium is located near the Alabama River. Montgomery offers a riverfront area that is easily accessible from Riverwalk Stadium with a children's splash pad. There is also an amphitheater located behind the field.

## Features

The stadium offers 20 luxury suites. Six of the suites are built into the old train terminal along the first-base line and the remaining 14 extend along the third base line. Montgomery Riverwalk Stadium offers picnic areas along the third-base line and in left-center field. The picnic area in left-center field can accommodate up to 4,000 fans. The stadium also has a full bar, called "The Club Car Bar", which is located down the first base line and a children's playground area located down the third base line. The stadium scoreboard is a video board with a LED screen capable of instant replay. The stadium also has a gift shop called "The Biscuit Basket" located under the grandstands. There is a notched curve in deep right field over which the American flag is flown.

Between 2004 and 2007, Riverwalk Stadium hosted the NCAA Division II baseball championship tournament; the tournament moved to Riverwalk Stadium from nearby Paterson Field, where it had been held since 1985. The tournament moved to Sauget, Illinois, in 2008.

## History

Victor Mateo threw the stadium's first no-hitter on August 24, 2013, when he allowed just one baserunner on a walk (the runner was erased in a double play later in the inning) in the Biscuits' 3–0 defeat of the Jacksonville Suns.

The ballpark was scheduled to become the permanent home for the Sun Belt Conference baseball tournament in 2020, but as the season was postponed, it will begin during the 2021 season.

## InfoBox

Montgomery Riverwalk Stadium
|
 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | 200 Coosa Street
Montgomery, Alabama 36104 |
| Coordinates | 32°22′56″N 86°18′38″W / 32.3822°N 86.3106°W / 32.3822; -86.3106 |
| Owner | City of Montgomery |
| Operator | Montgomery Professional Baseball, LLC |
| Capacity | 4,500 seats
20 luxury boxes
~2,500 general admission (7,000 total) |
| Field size | Left Field: 314 ft (96 m)
Left-Center: 380 ft (120 m)
Center Field: 401 ft (122 m)
Right-center: 377 ft (115 m)
Right Field: 332 ft (101 m) |
| Surface | Grass |
| Construction | |
| Broke ground | May 11, 2003 |
| Opened | April 16, 2004 |
| Construction cost | 26 million
($41.9 million in 2023 dollars) |
| Architect | Populous |
| Project manager | Hagan Construction Company |
| Structural engineer | Walter P Moore/Sykes Consulting, Inc. |
| Services engineer | J. M. Garrett & Sons, Inc. |
| General contractor | Jesco Inc. |
| Tenants | |
| Montgomery Biscuits (SL/Double-A South) (2004–present) | |


title: Montgomery Rocks

abstract: Montgomery Rocks comprises a pair of rocky dolerite and limestone islets, with a combined area of 3.69 ha and a high point of 50 m, part of the Hibbs Pyramid Group, lying close to the central western coast of Tasmania.

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# Montgomery Rocks

**Montgomery Rocks** comprises a pair of rocky dolerite and limestone islets, with a combined area of 3.69 ha and a high point of 50 m, part of the Hibbs Pyramid Group, lying close to the central western coast of Tasmania.

## Fauna

Recorded breeding seabird and wader species are the little penguin (60 pairs), short-tailed shearwater (560 pairs), fairy prion (760 pairs), common diving-petrel (100 pairs), Pacific gull and sooty oystercatcher. The metallic skink is present.

42°46′S 145°22′E / 42.767°S 145.367°E / -42.767; 145.367


title: Montgomery Saltbox Houses

abstract: The Montgomery Saltbox Houses are a pair of historic saltbox houses in Montgomery, Ohio, United States. Built in 1800, they were constructed as homes for some of the city's founding families, who settled in the area in the spring of 1795 after travelling from Montgomery in eastern New York in the aftermath of the signing of the Treaty of Greenville. Although one house is brick and the other wood, they are otherwise very similar; both have been called fine examples of a style often seen in the northeastern United States but virtually never in southwestern Ohio. The city of Montgomery was platted along the east-west Cooper Road, but aside from the Saltbox Houses, few historic buildings remain along this street. After Columbus became the state capital, the present Montgomery Road, the old north–south street, became much more heavily travelled, and later development was concentrated along this road. As a result, few other buildings remain from the original plat of the community. In 1987, the houses were listed together on the National Register of Historic Places. They are among five locations in Montgomery that are listed on the Register, along with the Blair House, the Universalist Church Historic District, the Wilder-Swaim House, and the Yost Tavern.

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# Montgomery Saltbox Houses

The **Montgomery Saltbox Houses** are a pair of historic saltbox houses in Montgomery, Ohio, United States. Built in 1800, they were constructed as homes for some of the city's founding families, who settled in the area in the spring of 1795 after travelling from Montgomery in eastern New York in the aftermath of the signing of the Treaty of Greenville. Although one house is brick and the other wood, they are otherwise very similar; both have been called fine examples of a style often seen in the northeastern United States but virtually never in southwestern Ohio.

The city of Montgomery was platted along the east-west Cooper Road, but aside from the Saltbox Houses, few historic buildings remain along this street. After Columbus became the state capital, the present Montgomery Road, the old north–south street, became much more heavily travelled, and later development was concentrated along this road. As a result, few other buildings remain from the original plat of the community. In 1987, the houses were listed together on the National Register of Historic Places. They are among five locations in Montgomery that are listed on the Register, along with the Blair House, the Universalist Church Historic District, the Wilder-Swaim House, and the Yost Tavern.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Montgomery Saltbox Houses | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| West Salt Box House | |
|  | |
| Location | 7789 and 7795 Cooper Rd., Montgomery, Ohio |
| Coordinates | 39°13′35.2″N 84°21′24″W / 39.226444°N 84.35667°W / 39.226444; -84.35667 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1800 |
| Architectural style | Saltbox |
| NRHP reference No. | 87001254 |
| Added to NRHP | July 28, 1987 |


title: William Milnor

abstract: William Milnor was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania and Mayor of Philadelphia. William Milnor was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He engaged in mercantile pursuits in Philadelphia, and was elected as a Federalist to the Tenth and Eleventh Congresses. He served as chairman of the United States House Committee on Accounts during the Eleventh Congress. He was elected to the Fourteenth Congress, and again elected to the Seventeenth Congress and served until his resignation on May 8, 1822. Milnor elected mayor of Philadelphia on October 20, 1829, and served one year. He died in Burlington, New Jersey, and was buried in that city's Saint Mary's Episcopal Churchyard. Milnor was a slaveowner.

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# William Milnor

**William Milnor** (June 26, 1769 – December 13, 1848) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania and Mayor of Philadelphia.

William Milnor was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He engaged in mercantile pursuits in Philadelphia, and was elected as a Federalist to the Tenth and Eleventh Congresses. He served as chairman of the United States House Committee on Accounts during the Eleventh Congress. He was elected to the Fourteenth Congress, and again elected to the Seventeenth Congress and served until his resignation on May 8, 1822.

Milnor elected mayor of Philadelphia on October 20, 1829, and served one year. He died in Burlington, New Jersey, and was buried in that city's Saint Mary's Episcopal Churchyard.

Milnor was a slaveowner.

## Family

William Milnor was the brother of James Milnor, a lawyer, former member of the U.S. House of Representatives, and rector of St. George’s Chapel in Manhattan, New York.

## InfoBox

| William Milnor | |
| --- | --- |
| portrait by John Neagle | |
|  | |
| Born | 26 June 1769
Philadelphia |
| Died | 13 December 1848  (aged 79)
Burlington |
| Resting place | Saint Mary's Episcopal Churchyard |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Position held | united States Representative |


title: Mordellistena angustatissima

abstract: Mordellistena angustatissima is a beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1967 by Franciscolo.

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# Mordellistena angustatissima

***Mordellistena angustatissima*** is a beetle in the genus *Mordellistena* of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1967 by Franciscolo.

## InfoBox

| *Mordellistena angustatissima* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Genus: | *Mordellistena* |
| Species: | ***M. angustatissima*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordellistena angustatissima***<br>Franciscolo, 1967 | |
|


title: Mordellistena annuliventris

abstract: Mordellistena annuliventris is a beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1886 by Quedenfeldt.

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# Mordellistena annuliventris

***Mordellistena annuliventris*** is a beetle in the genus *Mordellistena* of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1886 by Quedenfeldt.

## InfoBox

| *Mordellistena annuliventris* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Genus: | *Mordellistena* |
| Species: | ***M. annuliventris*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordellistena annuliventris***<br>Quedenfeldt, 1886 | |
|


title: William Poulett, 7th Earl Poulett

abstract: William John Lydston Poulett, 7th Earl Poulett was an English peer and British Army officer. Educated at Cheltenham College and Trinity Hall, Cambridge, he was the son of William Poulett, 6th Earl Poulett, by his third wife, Rosa, a daughter of Alfred Hugh de Melville. He was known by the courtesy title of Viscount Hinton until on the death of his father in 1899 when he inherited the earldom of Poulett and an estate at Hinton St George, Somerset, centering on Hinton House. However, the inheritance of the earldom was disputed by William Turnour Thomas Poulett, a son of his father's first wife, whom the 6th Earl believed had been fathered by another man. On 27 July 1903, on a report from the Committee of Privileges, the House of Lords determined the dispute in favour of Poulett, as the undisputed son of the 6th Earl. In 1908 Lord Poulett married Sylvia Lilian Storey, the daughter of Fred Storey, an actor, dancer, and scene-painter. The bride was herself an actress and Gaiety girl. They had one son George Amias FitzWarrine Poullet, Viscount Hinton (1909–1973), and one daughter, Lady Bridget Elizabeth Felicia Henrietta Augusta Poulett (1912–1978). Poulett was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the Royal Welch Fusiliers and transferred to the Royal Horse Artillery. He died on 11 July 1918 of Spanish influenza and was succeeded by his eight-year-old son, George Poulett, Viscount Hinton. After his death, his widow became engaged to Major Percy Howard Hansen, but the marriage never took place, which was thought to be because of the financial consequences for the Countess. However, she had a daughter with Hansen, Phoebe Amie Sybil Poulett, who died unmarried in 1948.

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# William Poulett, 7th Earl Poulett

**William John Lydston Poulett, 7th Earl Poulett** (11 September 1883 – 11 July 1918) was an English peer and British Army officer.

Educated at Cheltenham College and Trinity Hall, Cambridge, he was the son of William Poulett, 6th Earl Poulett, by his third wife, Rosa, a daughter of Alfred Hugh de Melville.

He was known by the courtesy title of Viscount Hinton until on the death of his father in 1899 when he inherited the earldom of Poulett and an estate at Hinton St George, Somerset, centering on Hinton House. However, the inheritance of the earldom was disputed by William Turnour Thomas Poulett, a son of his father's first wife, whom the 6th Earl believed had been fathered by another man. On 27 July 1903, on a report from the Committee of Privileges, the House of Lords determined the dispute in favour of Poulett, as the undisputed son of the 6th Earl.

In 1908 Lord Poulett married Sylvia Lilian Storey, the daughter of Fred Storey, an actor, dancer, and scene-painter. The bride was herself an actress and Gaiety girl. They had one son George Amias FitzWarrine Poullet, Viscount Hinton (1909–1973), and one daughter, Lady Bridget Elizabeth Felicia Henrietta Augusta Poulett (1912–1978).

Poulett was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the Royal Welch Fusiliers and transferred to the Royal Horse Artillery. He died on 11 July 1918 of Spanish influenza and was succeeded by his eight-year-old son, George Poulett, Viscount Hinton. After his death, his widow became engaged to Major Percy Howard Hansen, but the marriage never took place, which was thought to be because of the financial consequences for the Countess. However, she had a daughter with Hansen, Phoebe Amie Sybil Poulett (born 1922), who died unmarried in 1948.


title: Morayfield State School

abstract: Morayfield State School is a heritage-listed state school at 196–230 Morayfield Road, Morayfield, City of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Richard George Suter and built in 1873 by Robert Monteith. It is also known as Caboolture National School and Caboolture South State School. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 10 October 2014.

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# Morayfield State School

**Morayfield State School** is a heritage-listed state school at 196–230 Morayfield Road, Morayfield, City of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Richard George Suter and built in 1873 by Robert Monteith. It is also known as Caboolture National School and Caboolture South State School. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 10 October 2014.

## History

Morayfield State School opened in 1873 as Caboolture National School within a small timber building designed by architect Richard George Suter. It was built on a large site south of the Caboolture River to service the sparse but growing rural population. As settlement increased, the school expanded to have many other structures and landscape elements, including a play shed (1903) and shade trees. The school has been in continuous operation since its establishment and, as such, has been a focus for the local community as a place for important social and cultural activity.

The former Moreton Bay Penal Colony was opened to free settlers in 1842. Initially, thanks to river access, the Caboolture area was used for timber-getting, especially red cedar. In the 1860s it developed as an agricultural area, and was one of the first districts in Queensland where sugarcane was grown on a substantial scale. Queensland's first commercially milled sugar was produced in 1864 at Ormiston, southeast of Brisbane, by Captain Louis Hope. George Raff, a prominent Brisbane merchant and politician, began planting sugar in the mid-1860s on his plantation southeast of Caboolture, and south of the Caboolture River, called "Moray Field" (Morayfield Plantation). Raff was successful and expanded to a substantial operation. Raff's plantation produced sugar until the mid-1880s; another local sugar plantation, also south of the river and operating from the mid-1860s to 1872, was "Oaklands", (Oaklands Sugar Mill) established by Captain Claudius Buchanan Whish. Both plantations used South Sea Islander labour.

Caboolture was initially only a stop on the road to the Gympie goldfield from the late 1860s, but growth in the area was sufficient to warrant the establishment of a government school, "for the convenience of the farmers" families up the river, and the children of the employees at Mr Raff's plantation. In April 1872 the Brisbane Courier advertised the Queensland Government's reservation of 41 acres (17 ha) \- adjacent to the Gympie Road between Brisbane and Caboolture - for the Caboolture National School. Although the site selected was 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) south of Caboolture, and south of the Caboolture River, it had the advantage of being next to a permanent water source – the lagoons on Sheep Station Creek.

Caboolture National School was established as one of an expanding network of state-run primary schools. The provision of state-administered education was important to the colonial governments of Australia. In 1848 the New South Wales Government established National Schools. This was continued by the Queensland Government after the colony's separation in 1859. The Education Act 1860 established the Queensland Board of General Education and began to standardise curriculum, teacher training, and facilities. The State Education Act 1875 provided for the further key initiatives of free, compulsory and secular primary education and established the Department of Public Instruction to administer the Act. This move standardised the provision of education and, despite difficulties, colonial educators achieved a remarkable feat in bringing basic literacy to most Queensland children by 1900.

The establishment of schools was considered an essential step in the development of early communities and integral to their success. Locals often donated land and labour for a school's construction and the school community contributed to maintenance and development. Schools became a major community focus for social interaction, a symbol of progress and a source of pride with enduring connections formed with past pupils, parents and teachers. The inclusion of war memorials and halls used for community purposes reinforced these connections together with fetes, markets, public holiday celebrations, school break-up days, fundraisers, polling days, sporting events, reunions, and dances, all held within the schools' buildings and grounds.

From the 1860s until the 1960s, Queensland school buildings were predominantly timber framed, taking advantage of the material's abundance in the state and the high number of builders skilled in its use. This also allowed for easy and economical construction and enabled the government to provide facilities in remote areas. Due to the standardisation of facilities, schools across the state were developed in distinctly similar ways and became complexes of typical components. These components included: the teaching building/s, the school yard, the sports oval, the head teacher's residence, and a variety of landscape elements such as sporting facilities or play equipment, playsheds, gardens and trees.

For the Caboolture National School (Caboolture State School from 1875), Robert Monteith's construction tender of 265 for erection of a teaching building and a head teacher's residence was accepted by the government in October 1872. Both buildings were completed in 1873 and the Caboolture National School opened 4 August 1873. By December 1873, 34 children were on the school roll.

The Board of General Education preferred that national school buildings were single storey, but had no other architectural stipulations. Consequently, the buildings varied depending on the architect responsible. The teaching building at Caboolture National School (designated as Block C in 2014) was designed by Richard Suter (1827–94), a private architect commissioned from 1865 by the Board of General Education to design school buildings. From 1868, Suter was responsible for most of the Board's buildings. Although Suter's Brisbane school buildings were of brick construction, in rural areas he designed timber-framed school buildings. In his timber school designs, Suter incorporated an "outside studding" construction technique he was developing, whereby a building with timber stud framing was clad only internally, creating a distinctive exterior of exposed framing similar in appearance to half-timbered construction. Suter is credited with being the first to use this technique in Queensland. Outside studding for school architecture was continued by Suter's successors for another 50 years.

As in other Australian colonies, the Queensland Government developed standard plans for its school buildings to help to ensure consistency and economy. Prior to, and during Suter's first years, schools were individually designed but conformed to the space requirements set by the Board. In 1869 a "recommended plan" for provisional schools was created by Suter that was generic and could be used on any site. It was a lowset structure with gable roof, rectangular in plan with a small porch. An "improved plan" developed in 1873 addressed criticisms by Inspectors that the heat inside classrooms was "unbearable". It consisted of a single large room with a front and back verandah, providing weather protection and sheltered play and teaching space. It was the beginning of a distinctive design, where the circulation to classrooms was via a verandah, continuing until at least the 1960s.

Although Suter did not intend this plan to be used broadly, the Board of Education, who were faced with an increasing population and limited budget, disseminated it throughout Queensland. As a result, Suter's designs had wide distribution. This had considerable impact on the spread of outside studding as a building technique in Queensland and may have been the main influence in its quick acceptance and use as a vernacular building form throughout the colony.

The reuse of designs diminished the need to pay Suter additional architectural fees and the relationship between Suter and the government became strained. Suter continued as approved architect until 1875 when he was replaced. Around 65 timber school buildings were constructed to Suter's standard type. Of these, only three (Waterford State School, Morayfield State School, and Mutdapilly State School) are largely intact.

The classroom building at Caboolture National School was typical of Suter's improved plan. It was a lowset timber building with outside studding. It faced east with a verandah on the east and west sides and accommodated one large room 30 by 16 feet (9.1 m × 4.9 m). The gable roof was clad with hardwood timber shingles and the interior was lined with pine tongue-and-groove timber boards. The timber roof framing was exposed internally and the windows were small and few in number.

Suter's standard designs were continually refined by his successors in response to changing needs and educational philosophy. Suter's designs were not without problems - in particular, they were criticised for lack of ventilation. Later school architects focussed intently on improving climate control, lighting, and ventilation and were particularly innovative in their responses.

During the 1870s and early 1880s the Caboolture/Morayfield area continued to develop as an agricultural region with a gradual increase in population. The Caboolture Divisional Board (later Caboolture Shire Council) was established in 1879. In 1876 and 1885 there were unsuccessful calls to have the school moved north of the river to Caboolture, which was now more populous than Morayfield. This may have been because a wharf was located on the north bank of the river. In 1888 the North Coast railway line to Brisbane was constructed, with its terminus in North Caboolture, leading to the establishment of North Caboolture State School in 1889. Caboolture was chosen as the terminus, rather than Morayfield, because the water supply at Lagoon Creek was considered more suitable for locomotives. The Caboolture State School was renamed Caboolture South State School in 1889 and later Morayfield State School in 1907.

Building work continued at Caboolture South State School. By c.1900 the rear verandah of the Suter building had been part-enclosed to form a hat room, a typical alteration to school buildings. Both ends of the rear verandah were semi-enclosed hat rooms by 1933.

In 1903 the school committee applied to the Department of Public Instruction to build a playshed and it was completed later that year. The local community contributed one third of the cost.

The Queensland education system recognised the importance of play in the school curriculum and, as well as classrooms, they provided plans for playsheds; free-standing shelters that provided covered play space and were often used for unofficial teaching space when needed. They were timber-framed structures, generally open on all sides, although they were sometimes partially enclosed with timber boards or corrugated galvanised iron sheets. The hipped (or less frequently, gabled) roofs were clad with timber shingles or corrugated iron and they had an earth or decomposed granite floor. Fixed timber seating ran between the perimeter posts. Playsheds were a typical addition to state schools across Queensland between c.1880s and the 1950s. They were built to standard designs that ranged in size relative to student numbers. School sites were typically cleared of all vegetation and the provision of all-weather outdoor space was needed. The playshed at Caboolture South State School was built to a standard design by builder Thomas Heron for 44.10. It was a timber framed, open-sided structure, 24 by 16 feet (7.3 m × 4.9 m), with 6 posts supporting a hipped roof and was built to the north of the Suter building.

The growth of Morayfield remained limited until well into the late-twentieth century, so only minor increases in student accommodation were needed. In 1930 local industries included citrus growing, poultry farming and dairying, and Morayfield railway station was fairly isolated, with only a sawmill and a few residences nearby. At this time Morayfield State School had 40 pupils. In 1933 a new highset timber building, comprising one classroom, was constructed just north of the Suter building. This building (Block A) was originally 21 by 18 feet (6.4 m × 5.5 m) with 8-foot (2.4 m) wide verandas to the east and west, and was later extended to the east in the 1950s and 1960s.

Achieving an ideal or even adequate level of natural light in classrooms, without glare, was of critical importance to educators. After 1900 the virtues of maximum natural ventilation and controlled, high-levels of natural light in teaching buildings were extolled and became central to the design and layout of all school buildings. Windows were rearranged and enlarged to provide a greater amount of gentle, southern light into the room. Desks were rearranged so that the light would fall onto students' left sides to avoid throwing shadows onto the pages; this presupposed that all students would be right-handed. The change in philosophy often meant a complete transformation of the fenestration of existing buildings. Interiors became lighter and airier and met with immediate approval from educators. This was a noticeable new direction and the better lit and ventilated form became a characteristic of Queensland schools.

During the 1920s and 1930s alterations were made to the vast majority of older school buildings to upgrade their lighting and ventilation. On a 1933 plan of the Suter building at Morayfield, casement windows are shown in the eastern verandah wall. These would have been added to increase the lighting and ventilation of the interior and were consistent with this education philosophy.

The grounds of the school were developed over time to accommodate outdoor play. The provision of outdoor play space was a result of the early and continuing commitment by the state government to play-based education, particularly in primary school. Across Queensland, trees and gardens were planted as part of beautification of schools. In the 1870s, schools inspector William Boyd was critical of tropical schools and amongst his recommendations was the importance of adding shade trees to playgrounds. Arbor Day celebrations began in Queensland in 1890 and were occurring at Caboolture South State School by 1891. Educationalists believed gardening and Arbor Days instilled in young minds the value of hard work and activity, improved classroom discipline, developed aesthetic tastes, and inspired people to stay on the land. Aesthetically designed gardens were encouraged by regional inspectors.

An Arbor Day report of Morayfield State School in 1958 stated that an old and very fine narrow leafed fig growing in the stump of a tree was an extraordinarily good specimen and provided shade all the year. A class photograph from 1959 and aerial photographs from 1956 and 1973 show the fig as a mature tree within an almost treeless playground. Some mature trees visible north of the fig in 1956 were removed by 1973. The topsoil of Morayfield State School is very shallow over clay, meaning most trees do not grow well or quickly. Therefore, the age of the fig might be greater than its size suggests.

Alterations to the Suter building occurred over time but were relatively minor. Bag racks as verandah balustrades became a characteristic design element of Queensland schools after World War II and the Suter building had its rear verandah balustrade replaced by bag racks. As a result of further changes in education philosophies and consistent with alterations of other school buildings across the state, in 1955 the Suter building had its fenestration altered again to increase the amount of light into the classroom. This involved replacing the narrow windows in the gable end walls with modern awning style windows.

Between the 1960s and the 1980s Queensland education was reformed and the teaching buildings at Morayfield State School were altered as a result. The Education Act 1964 was a turning point and the first major update of Queensland education's governing legislation since 1875. Effectively, a new era of state education evolved requiring new architectural responses. The Department of Education (as it had been renamed in 1957) continued to give the responsibility of building design to the architects of the Department of Public Works. With new educational philosophies, government policies and functional requirements combined with new architectural styles, materials and technologies, the evolution of standard designs became more fragmented. Rather than "improving" on the previous designs, architects began to design with inspiration drawn from new precedents. Fundamentally, timber construction was no longer favoured and buildings were no longer predominantly highset.

Beginning in the 1970s, Morayfield experienced sharp population growth. Between 1971 and 1976 the population of the Caboolture Shire increased 65.5%, and the number of dwellings increased by 60.5%.

This building boom was repeated at the Morayfield State School. Between 1970 and 1990 new classroom buildings, modular classrooms, toilets, a library, covered areas, a pre-school, an administration block, and a resource centre were constructed. The Suter building received minor alterations in c.1977 to convert it for use as a staff room; this involved removing the windows in the western verandah wall and enclosing the southern end of the western verandah to form a cleaners' room. By 2014 the Suter building was utilised as a Student Behaviour Room.

In 2014, the school continues to operate from the site and retains the Suter building, the playshed, and the shade tree. The school is important to the town and district having operated since 1873 and having taught generations of Morayfield students. Since establishment it has been a key social focus for the Morayfield community with the grounds and buildings having been the location of many social events over time. The Suter building is also "Site 1" on the local Caboolture River Road Heritage Drive.

## Description

Morayfield State School is located to the south of the central business district of Morayfield. The school site is a 16.5-hectare irregular-shaped block on the corner of two main thoroughfares, Morayfield Road on the east and Caboolture River Road on the north. The site accommodates a closely knit complex of buildings, including a Suter-designed teaching building (1873) and a timber playshed (c. 1903). A mature fig tree that stands prominently to the east of the playshed offers shade to the school grounds.

The Suter building is located at the centre of the complex. It is a small, low-set timber structure on concrete stumps, with modern timber lattice screening between the floor level and the ground. The gable roof is clad with corrugated metal sheets. Evidence in the barge boards suggests original timber shingles may survive under the existing roof sheets.

The building has verandahs front (east) and back (west) reached by a small, centrally located set of timber stairs on either side. The verandahs have stop-chamfered timber posts, timber floor boards, and raked ceilings lined with wide, beaded timber boards. The verandah walls are single skin with externally exposed timber framing, diagonal cross bracing between studs, and a door into the interior from both the east and west verandahs. The eastern verandah has a decorative timber balustrade of crossed members, and the western balustrade is bag racks. The western verandah is enclosed at the southern and northern ends to accommodate small store rooms, and some original stop-chamfered timber posts are visible within the enclosing cladding. The southern storeroom walls are clad with modern fibrocement sheeting, and the northern storeroom has internally exposed timber framing. Original timber floor boards, wider than those of the open verandah, survive in the northern store room, while the southern store room has a modern linoleum floor, as well as recent sink and louvre window additions. The eastern verandah has timber framed casement windows either side of the door and a short stair at the northern end of the verandah connects to the adjacent building, Block A.

A plaque that is attached to the eastern verandah wall and adjacent to the front door reads: "Morayfield State School, Opened 4 August 1873". The gable end walls are clad with weatherboards and have banks of modern timber-framed awning windows under horizontal hoods.

The interior of the Suter building classroom is lined with horizontal, beaded timber boards on both the walls and the underside of the roof. A line within the beaded boards on the southern end of the western wall indicates a window now enclosed, and indentations in the boards underneath windows on the eastern wall indicate there were earlier, larger window sills. Moulded timber architraves frame the doors and windows of the eastern and western walls. Timber roof framing, including Queen post trusses with stop-chamfered edges, is exposed within the space. The carpet and linoleum floor linings, the fibrous cement wall cladding, the modern sink at the south of the space and the shelving underneath the northern window are modern additions and are not of cultural heritage significance.

The playshed stands to the north of the Suter building and is a 24-by-16-foot (7.3 m × 4.9 m) structure. The playshed consists of a hipped roof of corrugated metal sheets supported on six timber posts, each of which have splayed bracing to support the top plate. All roof-framing is exposed internally. The modern seats, adjacent aluminium playground fencing, and concrete slab are not of cultural heritage significance.

A large, mature fig tree (Ficus sp.) provides shade to the area east of the playshed. The lower limbs have been pruned, and the stump in which the fig first was planted is visible within the trunk on the northern side of the tree. The fig has landmark attributes within the school, being clearly visible from many areas and above buildings.

No other buildings and structures within the heritage boundary are of cultural heritage significance.

## Heritage listing

Morayfield State School was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 10 October 2014 having satisfied the following criteria.

**The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.**

Morayfield State School (established in 1873 as Caboolture National School) is important in demonstrating the evolution of state education, and its associated architecture, in Queensland. The place retains excellent, representative examples of standard government designs that were architectural responses to prevailing government educational philosophies. The teaching building (1873), designed by architect Richard Suter, is an early standardised design; and the playshed (1903), demonstrates the education system's recognition of the importance of play in the curriculum.

Reserved for school purposes in 1872, the place demonstrates the establishment and development of settlement in the Caboolture/Morayfield area, an early agricultural and sugar growing centre in Queensland.

**The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage.**

The Suter building at Morayfield State School is rare as one of three known surviving intact examples of the approximately 65 buildings of this type constructed.

**The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.**

Morayfield State School is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of early Queensland state schools, including standard building designs by the Queensland Government.

The Suter building retains the characteristics of its original design. It is single-skin timber-framed and lowset, with front and rear verandahs and a single classroom that is well ventilated and day-lit. Changing philosophies in state primary education are evident in the modifications made to this building, including enlarged windows and verandah bag racks.

The playshed is open sided, with a hipped timber-framed roof form supported on braced timber posts.

The Fig tree (Ficus sp.) is a fine example of the shade trees planted in Queensland school grounds.

**The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.**

Queensland schools have always played an important part in Queensland communities. They typically retain a significant and enduring connection with former pupils, their parents, and teachers; provide a venue for social interaction and volunteer work; and are a source of pride, symbolising local progress and aspirations. Morayfield State School has a strong and ongoing association with the Morayfield community. It was established in 1873 through the fund-raising efforts of the local community and has educated generations of Morayfield children. The place is important for its contribution to the educational development of Morayfield and is a prominent community focal point and gathering place for social events, with widespread community support.

### Attribution

This Wikipedia article was originally based on Morayfield State School, an entry in the Queensland Heritage Register published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 4.0 AU licence, accessed on 17 December 2017.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Morayfield State School | |
| --- | --- |
| Morayfield State School, original building, 2014 | |
| Location | 196–230 Morayfield Road, Morayfield, City of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia |
| Coordinates | 27°06′23″S 152°56′50″E / 27.1064°S 152.9471°E / -27.1064; 152.9471 |
| Built | 1873, 1903 |
| Built for | Department of Public Instruction |
| Architect | Richard George Suter |
|  | |
| Queensland Heritage Register | |
| Official name | Morayfield State School; Caboolture National School; Caboolture South State School |
| Type | state heritage |
| Designated | 10 October 2014 |
| Reference no. | 602839 |
| Type | Education, research, scientific facility: School-state |
| Theme | Educating Queenslanders: Providing primary schooling |
| Builders | Robert Monteith, Thomas Heron |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Morayfield State School in Queensland | |


title: William Hare (philosopher)

abstract: William Hare is a philosopher whose writings deal primarily with problems in philosophy of education. He attended Wyggeston Grammar School for Boys, 1955–62. After receiving his B.A. from the University of London (1965), he gained an M.A. in philosophy from the University of Leicester (1968), and a Ph.D. in educational theory from the University of Toronto (1971). He was Professor of Education and Philosophy at Dalhousie University from 1970 to 1995, and subsequently Professor of Education at Mount Saint Vincent University until his retirement in June 2008. He is now Professor Emeritus. He is known mainly for his work on open-mindedness, and has published several papers dealing with philosophical ideas about education in the work of Bertrand Russell.

text:
# William Hare (philosopher)

**William Hare** (born February 7, 1944) is a philosopher whose writings deal primarily with problems in philosophy of education. He attended Wyggeston Grammar School for Boys, 1955–62. After receiving his B.A. from the University of London (1965), he gained an M.A. in philosophy from the University of Leicester (1968), and a Ph.D. in educational theory from the University of Toronto (1971). He was Professor of Education and Philosophy at Dalhousie University from 1970 to 1995, and subsequently Professor of Education at Mount Saint Vincent University until his retirement in June 2008. He is now Professor Emeritus. He is known mainly for his work on open-mindedness, and has published several papers dealing with philosophical ideas about education in the work of Bertrand Russell.

## Selected books

## Edited works

(with John P. Portelli)

* *Philosophy of Education: Introductory Readings* (1988, 1996, 2001)
* *Key Questions For Educators* (2005)

## Publications

* (2020). "Socratic open-mindedness" (PDF). *Paideusis*. **18** (1): 5–16. doi:10.7202/1072334ar. S2CID 170391207.
* (2009). "What open-mindedness requires" (PDF). *Skeptical Inquirer*. **33** (1): 36–39.
* (2007). Cohen, Elliot D (ed.). "Why philosophy for educators?". *International Journal of Applied Philosophy*. **21** (2): 149–59. doi:10.5840/ijap20072122.
* (2007). "Credibility and credulity: Monitoring teachers for trustworthiness". *Journal of Philosophy of Education*. **41** (2): 207–19. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9752.2007.00557.x.
* (2006). "Why open-mindedness matters". *Think*. **5** (13): 7–15. doi:10.1017/S1477175600001482. S2CID 146668459.
* (2004). "Assessing one's own open-mindedness". *Philosophy Now*. **47**: 26–28. Archived from the original on 2017-07-05.
* (2003). Cohen, Elliot D (ed.). "Is it good to be open-minded?". *International Journal of Applied Philosophy*. **17** (1): 73–87. doi:10.5840/ijap20031718.
* (2001). "Bertrand Russell and the ideal of critical receptiveness". *Skeptical Inquirer*. **25** (3): 40–44. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.133.2811.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| William Francis Hare | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1944-02-07) February 7, 1944 |
|  | |
| Region | Western Philosophy |
| Main interests | Philosophy of Education |
|  | |


title: Moretum

abstract: Moretum is an herb cheese spread that the Ancient Romans ate with bread. A typical moretum was made of herbs, fresh cheese, salt, oil, and vinegar. Optionally, different kinds of nuts could be added. The ingredients were crushed together in a mortar, for which the dish is named.

text:
# Moretum

**Moretum** is an herb cheese spread that the Ancient Romans ate with bread. A typical moretum was made of herbs, fresh cheese, salt, oil, and vinegar. Optionally, different kinds of nuts could be added. The ingredients were crushed together in a mortar, for which the dish is named.

## Recipes

A recipe can be found in the poem of the same name in the *Appendix Vergiliana*. *De re rustica*, book XII of Columella contains further recipes for moretum. The variant with pine nuts is considered to be a precursor of pesto.

## InfoBox

Moretum
| Moretum in the mortar | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Spread |
| Place of origin | Ancient Rome |
| Main ingredients | Herbs, fresh cheese, salt, oil, vinegar |
|  | |


title: William Stapley

abstract: William John Stapley (1887–1964) was an English footballer who played as a centre-half in the Football League for Glossop. Stapley started his career at Dulwich Hamlet. He then moved to West Ham United but failed to make an appearance for the Southern League team. He joined Second Division club Glossop in 1908, along with his brother Harry. He played 120 League games for the Derbyshire club, scoring one goal. He appeared once for England Amateurs, in a match against the Netherlands on 21 December 1907. The match, which is recognized as a full international by the Dutch FA, was won by England 12–2, and Stapley scored five times. His brother Harry also played for England Amateurs, netting over 20 goals for the team.

text:
# William Stapley

**William John Stapley** (1887–1964) was an English footballer who played as a centre-half in the Football League for Glossop.

Stapley started his career at Dulwich Hamlet. He then moved to West Ham United but failed to make an appearance for the Southern League team.

He joined Second Division club Glossop in 1908, along with his brother Harry. He played 120 League games for the Derbyshire club, scoring one goal.

He appeared once for England Amateurs, in a match against the Netherlands on 21 December 1907. The match, which is recognized as a full international by the Dutch FA, was won by England 12–2, and Stapley scored five times. His brother Harry also played for England Amateurs, netting over 20 goals for the team.

## InfoBox

William Stapley
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | William John Stapley | | |
| Date of birth | Q1 1887 | | |
| Place of birth | Southborough, Kent, England | | |
| Date of death | 1964 (aged 7677) | | |
| Height | 5 ft 10+12 in (1.79 m) | | |
| Position(s) | Centre-half | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Dulwich Hamlet |  |  |
| 0000–1908 | West Ham United | 0 | (0) |
| 1908–1915 | Glossop | 120 | (1) |
| International career | | | |
| 1907 | England Amateur | 1 | (5) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Wow/Grape Jam

abstract: Wow/Grape Jam is the second album by the rock band Moby Grape. It was first released in April 1968. It is different from most double album releases in that it was released as two different albums in separate covers, but packaged together and sold for only one dollar more than price of a single LP. This was Moby Grape's highest charting release in the U.S., peaking at #20 on the Billboard 200 album chart. Wow had a color gatefold sleeve, while Grape Jam had a color non-gatefold sleeve. Early copies of Wow omit the band's name from the record label, for unknown reasons. Original US copies of the two-album package had a large blue sticker on the front of shrink wrap which identified the albums and showed the songs of Wow in the correct order. The song titles for Grape Jam were only shown on the back of that album and were not visible on the outside of the sealed package. The back cover of Wow also showed the song titles in an incorrect order, and again, this was not visible on the sealed package. Guitarist Mike Bloomfield and keyboardist Al Kooper recorded on several songs on the album, most notably, "Never", which has been cited as a source for the Led Zeppelin song "Since I've Been Loving You".

text:
# Wow/Grape Jam

***Wow/Grape Jam*** is the second album by the rock band Moby Grape. It was first released in April 1968. It is different from most double album releases in that it was released as two different albums in separate covers, but packaged together and sold for only one dollar more than price of a single LP.

This was Moby Grape's highest charting release in the U.S., peaking at #20 on the *Billboard* 200 album chart.

*Wow* had a color gatefold sleeve, while *Grape Jam* had a color non-gatefold sleeve. Early copies of *Wow* omit the band's name from the record label, for unknown reasons.

Original US copies of the two-album package had a large blue sticker on the front of shrink wrap which identified the albums and showed the songs of *Wow* in the correct order. The song titles for *Grape Jam* were only shown on the back of that album and were not visible on the outside of the sealed package. The back cover of *Wow* also showed the song titles in an incorrect order, and again, this was not visible on the sealed package.

Guitarist Mike Bloomfield and keyboardist Al Kooper recorded on several songs on the album, most notably, "Never", which has been cited as a source for the Led Zeppelin song "Since I've Been Loving You".

## The albums

*Wow* has a more heavily produced sound than the first Moby Grape album. String and horn arrangements were added to many of the songs by producer David Rubinson. Recording started in Los Angeles in late 1967, but most of the album was recorded in New York City in late 1967 and early 1968.

"Murder in My Heart for the Judge" is a blues rock tune written by drummer Don Stevenson that was later recorded by other rock musicians such as Lee Michaels, Three Dog Night and Chrissie Hynde. "Bitter Wind", written and sung by Bob Mosley, has remained one of the group's most popular songs. The acoustic version here contains an ending that includes harsh wind noises and backward vocals. Other stand-out tracks include Jerry Miller's rocking shuffle "Can't Be So Bad", Skip Spence's darkly comedic roots rocker "Motorcycle Irene" and Peter Lewis's lush ballad "He". The album also includes an electrified re-arranged version of "Naked, If I Want To", which was on the first album as an acoustic track. "Just Like Gene Autry: A Foxtrot" is the most unusual song on the album, a 1930s-style tune written and sung by Spence. It was given a spoken introduction from Arthur Godfrey and cut onto the LP at 78 RPM with added scratchy sound effects to give it an authentic period effect.

*Grape Jam* has been criticized for its rather loose and mostly improvised performances, which contrast sharply with the heavily produced material on *Wow*. However, *Grape Jam* is also notable in that it features guest appearances on piano by Al Kooper and Mike Bloomfield. This studio album was recorded in New York City in January and February 1968. Skip Spence plays guitar on "Never" and piano on "Boysenberry Jam". Peter Lewis does not appear on this album. "The Lake" is a strange combination of poetry submitted by a fan (Michael Hayworth, the winner of a KFRC San Francisco songwriting contest) and avant-garde psychedelic Musique concrète sound effects somewhat like side four of *Freak Out!* or "Revolution 9". The opening track "Never" is the best known song and has often been cited as the source for Led Zeppelin's song "Since I've Been Loving You", the opening lyrics, bluesy arrangement and some melodic elements are virtually identical. The album was the inspiration for a number of other studio "jam" albums during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Later examples of this trend included Al Kooper's *Super Session* and the third LP of George Harrison's *All Things Must Pass*.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |
| Robert Christgau | B+ |
| *Rolling Stone* (1968) | negative |
| *Rolling Stone* (2007) | (*Wow*)
(*Grape Jam*) |

In a retrospective review for *Rolling Stone* magazine, music critic Robert Christgau felt that the album suffered from "Pepper-itis" because of how worthy songs such as "Can't Be So Bad" and "Murder in My Heart for the Judge" were diminished by superfluous effects such as horns, strings, stereo separations, and musique concrète. Christgau went further on *Grape Jam*, referring to it as "hippie self-indulgence" and "wooden groove instrumentals". Rob Hughes of *Louder Sound*, meanwhile, has referred to *Wow* as "a disjointed affair," but "hardly a disaster," highlighting "Bitter Wind," the "creepily-hypnotic Rose Colored Eyes," the "funked-up Murder In My Heart For The Judge" and "Spence’s clap of dirty thunder, Motorcycle Irene" as "classic Grape". A retrospective review of *Wow* by Mark Deming of *AllMusic* is mostly positive, arguing that it is "a far more ambitious album" than the band’s debut, that it "has plenty of strengths despite the excess gingerbread" and that while it lacks the "rev-it-up spirit" of the debut, the "guitar work is just as impressive and richly layered, and the group's harmonies and songwriting chops are still in solid shape." Deming praises the "tough, funky blues" of "Murder in My Heart for the Judge" and the "horn-driven boogie" of "Can't Be So Bad" and refers to "Bitter Wind", "He," and "Rose Colored Eyes" as "lovely folk-rock tunes with shimmering harmonies." His colleague, Matthew Greenwald, calls "Bitter Wind" "a beautifully written ballad" and "one of Bob Mosley's finest early period compositions", also praising the songs "He", "Rose Colored Eyes" and "Miller’s Blues" and calling "Murder In My Heart For The Judge" “a fabulously hilarious story of being dressed down in a court by a judge while paying parking tickets.”

## CD editions

The first CD of *Wow/Grape Jam* was a single-disc edition on the San Francisco Sound label, owned by Moby Grape's former manager Matthew Katz. It has edited versions of "Bitter Wind" and "Marmalade," while also omitting "Just Like Gene Autry: A Foxtrot" and "The Lake" entirely. This edition has been criticized for its mediocre sound quality and poor packaging. The group has never been properly compensated for this CD release.

Many of the songs from *Wow* also appear on the two-CD collection *Vintage: The Very Best of Moby Grape* released in 1993. This collection includes "Foxtrot" and the complete acoustic version of "Bitter Wind". It also includes a few *Wow* out-takes, notably an alternate earlier version of "Bitter Wind" in a completely different rock arrangement.

The complete version of *Wow* was first released on CD in Japan in 1997. A newly remastered version was released by Sundazed Records on October 9, 2007 featuring a number of bonus tracks, most of which were previously unreleased. At the same time Sundazed also released separately the CD debut of *Grape Jam* in its entirety, with three previously unreleased bonus tracks.

Both *Wow* and *Grape Jam* were taken out of print on November 3, 2007, along with *Moby Grape* for reasons that were not officially specified. It has been widely circulated on the Moby Grape mailing list that Katz, whom the band has been in legal battles with since the late 1960s, threatened to file a lawsuit against Sundazed claiming ownership of the albums' artwork.

## Artwork

Artwork of the *Wow* album (design and illustration) was done by Bob Cato. Cato proposed a surreal image without any input from the band. Cato was influenced by various Victorian woodcuts. According to Peter Lewis the title was left off the cover because "What was in the box was more important than the box." It was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Recording Package in 1969.

## Track listing *Wow*

### Side one

1. "The Place and the Time" (Miller, Stevenson) - 2:07
2. "Murder in My Heart for the Judge" (Stevenson) - 2:58
3. "Bitter Wind" (Mosley) - 3:09
4. "Can't Be So Bad" (Miller, Stevenson) - 3:41
*Complete LP and CD versions of the album conclude with a brief, spoken message from David Rubinson reminding the listener to change the turntable speed to 78 RPM for the next track.*

(On a separate band of the LP, cut at 78 RPM)

1. "Just Like Gene Autry: A Foxtrot" (Spence) - 3:05
*This track includes a guest appearance by Arthur Godfrey, who reads the introduction and plays ukulele.*

### Side two

1. "He" (Lewis) - 3:36
2. "Motorcycle Irene" (Spence) - 2:24
3. "Three-Four" (Mosley) - 5:01
4. "Funky-Tunk" (Spence) - 2:11
5. "Rose Colored Eyes" (Mosley) - 4:00
6. "Miller's Blues" (Miller, Mosley) - 5:22
7. "Naked, If I Want To" (Miller) - 0:52

### Bonus tracks on 2007 CD edition

1.
2. "The Place and the Time" \[Alternate Take\] (Miller, Stevenson) - 2:27
3. "Stop" \[Demo\] (Lewis) - 2:24
4. "Loosely Remembered" (Mosley) - 3:27
5. "Miller's Blues" \[Alternate Take\] (Miller, Mosley) - 5:23
6. "What's to Choose" (Lewis) - 2:03
7. "Seeing" (Spence) - 5:11
    * Tracks 14–18 previously unreleased

(total CD time for *Wow* 59:04)

## Track listing *Grape Jam*

### Side one

1. "Never" (Mosley) - 6:16
2. "Boysenberry Jam" - 6:03
3. "Black Currant Jam" - 7:11

### Side two

1. "Marmalade" - 14:05
2. "The Lake" (Michael Hayworth, Moby Grape) - 4:01

### Bonus tracks on 2007 CD edition

1. "Grape Jam #2" (previously unissued) - 9:24
2. "Grape Jam #9" (previously unissued) - 9:14
3. "Bags' Groove" (previously unissued) - 13:24

(total CD time for *Grape Jam* 69:30)

Al Kooper plays piano on "Black Currant Jam". Mike Bloomfield plays piano on "Marmalade". Michael Hayworth wrote the lyrics and sings on "The Lake".

## Personnel

## Charts

| Year | Chart | Position |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | US *Billboard* 200 | 20 |
|

## InfoBox

| Wow/Grape Jam | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover art for *Wow* | |
| Studio album by Moby Grape | |
| Released | April 3, 1968 |
| Recorded | August 30, 1967 – February 5, 1968 (*Wow*)
January 16 – February 13, 1968
(*Grape Jam*) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 38:23 (*Wow*) LP,
37:31 (*Grape Jam*) LP |
| Label | Columbia LP
CS 9613 (*Wow*)
MGS 1 (*Grape Jam*)
Sundazed CD |
| Producer | David Rubinson |
| Moby Grape chronology | |
| *Moby Grape*
(1967) ***Wow/Grape Jam***
(1968) *Moby Grape '69*
(1969) | |
|  | |
| Alternative cover | |
|  | |
| Cover art for *Grape Jam*. | |
|  | |
|  | |


abstract: As minor planet discoveries are confirmed, they are given a permanent number by the IAU's Minor Planet Center (MPC), and the discoverers can then submit names for them, following the IAU's naming conventions. The list below concerns those minor planets in the specified number-range that have received names, and explains the meanings of those names. Official naming citations of newly named small Solar System bodies are approved and published in a bulletin by IAU's Working Group for Small Bodies Nomenclature (WGSBN). Before May 2021, citations were published in MPC's Minor Planet Circulars for many decades. Recent citations can also be found on the JPL Small-Body Database (SBDB). Until his death in 2016, German astronomer Lutz D. Schmadel compiled these citations into the Dictionary of Minor Planet Names (DMP) and regularly updated the collection. Based on Paul Herget's The Names of the Minor Planets, Schmadel also researched the unclear origin of numerous asteroids, most of which had been named prior to World War II. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: SBDB New namings may only be added to this list below after official publication as the preannouncement of names is condemned. The WGSBN publishes a comprehensive guideline for the naming rules of non-cometary small Solar System bodies.

text:
# Meanings of minor planet names: 535001–536000

As minor planet discoveries are confirmed, they are given a permanent number by the IAU's Minor Planet Center (MPC), and the discoverers can then submit names for them, following the IAU's naming conventions. The list below concerns those minor planets in the specified number-range that have received names, and explains the meanings of those names.

Official naming citations of newly named small Solar System bodies are approved and published in a bulletin by IAU's Working Group for Small Bodies Nomenclature (WGSBN). Before May 2021, citations were published in MPC's *Minor Planet Circulars* for many decades. Recent citations can also be found on the JPL Small-Body Database (SBDB). Until his death in 2016, German astronomer Lutz D. Schmadel compiled these citations into the *Dictionary of Minor Planet Names* (DMP) and regularly updated the collection.

Based on Paul Herget's *The Names of the Minor Planets*, Schmadel also researched the unclear origin of numerous asteroids, most of which had been named prior to World War II.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: SBDB New namings may only be *added to this list below after official publication* as the preannouncement of names is condemned. The WGSBN publishes a comprehensive guideline for the naming rules of non-cometary small Solar System bodies.

## 535001–535100

| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 535101–535200

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 535201–535300

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 535301–535400

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 535353 Antoniwilk | 2015 AP68 | Antoni Wilk (1876–1940), a Polish astronomer, educator and discoverer of comets, who was awarded with the comet medal of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific and the Order of Polonia Restituta. | IAU **·** 535353 |

## 535401–535500

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 535501–535600

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 535601–535700

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 535701–535800

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 535801–535900

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 535901–536000

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

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title: Neapolitan lira

abstract: The lira was the currency of the mainland part of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, known as the Kingdom of Naples, between 1812 and 1813.

text:
# Neapolitan lira

The **lira** was the currency of the mainland part of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, known as the Kingdom of Naples, between 1812 and 1813.

## History

The currency was issued by Joachim Murat, who claimed the title of "King of the Two Sicilies" but only controlled the mainland part of the kingdom. Consequently, the currency is referred to as the "Neapolitan lira". It was subdivided into 100 *centesimi* (singular: *centesimo*) and was equal to the Italian lira and French franc. It replaced the piastra, which circulated again following the restoration of Bourbon rule.

## Coins

| Neapolitan ½ lira coin | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Head right; 1813 in exergue. GIOACCHINO NAPOLEONE | MEZ/LIRA in wreath. REGNO DELLE DUE SICILIE |

Coins were issued in denominations of 3, 5 and 10 centesimi, ½, 1, 2, 5, 20 and 40 lire. The centesimi denominations were struck in bronze, the lire coins up to 5 lire were in silver and the higher denominations were in gold. All the coins bore the head of name Joachim Murat and his adopted Italian name, "Gioacchino Napoleone".

* Krause, Chester L.; Clifford Mishler (1978). *Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1979 Edition*. Colin R. Bruce II (senior editor) (5th ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0873410203.


title: 1981–82 Dundee United F.C. season

abstract: The 1981–82 season was the 73rd year of football played by Dundee United, and covers the period from 1 July 1981 to 30 June 1982. United finished in third place, securing UEFA Cup football for the following season.

text:
# 1981–82 Dundee United F.C. season

The **1981–82 season** was the 73rd year of football played by Dundee United, and covers the period from 1 July 1981 to 30 June 1982. United finished in third place, securing UEFA Cup football for the following season.

## Match results

Dundee United played a total of 60 competitive matches during the 1981–82 season.

### Legend

|
|  |
| Win |
| Draw |
| Loss |

All results are written with Dundee United's score first. Own goals in italics

### Premier Division

| Date | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance | Scorers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 29 August 1981 | Aberdeen |  | 4–1 | 10,598 | Sturrock, Holt, Pettigrew, Bannon |
| 5 September 1981 | Greenock Morton |  | 0–1 | 3,335 |  |
| 12 September 1981 | Dundee |  | 5–2 | 15,696 | Sturrock (2), Kirkwood, Milne, Bannon |
| 19 September 1981 | Airdrieonians |  | 1–2 | 2,687 | Payne |
| 3 October 1981 | Hibernian |  | 1–1 | 5,384 | Dodds |
| 10 October 1981 | Partick Thistle |  | 0–0 | 5,017 |  |
| 17 October 1981 | Celtic |  | 1–1 | 22,635 | Milne |
| 24 October 1981 | St Mirren |  | 0–2 | 6,364 |  |
| 31 October 1981 | Aberdeen |  | 1–1 | 11,035 | Milne (2) |
| 7 November 1981 | Greenock Morton |  | 3–0 | 6,264 | Dodds (2), Kirkwood |
| 11 November 1981 | Rangers |  | 2–0 | 16,138 | Sturrock, Bannon |
| 14 November 1981 | Dundee |  | 3–1 | 15,578 | Sturrock (2), Milne |
| 21 November 1981 | Airdrieonians |  | 4–0 | 6,157 | Sturrock (2), Dodds, Bannon (penalty) |
| 5 December 1981 | Hibernian |  | 1–0 | 7,257 | Bannon (penalty) |
| 16 January 1982 | Rangers |  | 0–2 | 15,743 |  |
| 3 February 1982 | St Mirren |  | 0–1 | 5,198 |  |
| 6 February 1982 | Hibernian |  | 1–0 | 6,133 | Bannon (penalty) |
| 9 February 1982 | Airdrieonians |  | 0–2 | 1,737 |  |
| 20 February 1982 | Rangers |  | 1–1 | 12,965 | Sturrock |
| 27 February 1982 | St Mirren |  | 1–1 | 7,663 | Bannon (penalty) |
| 10 March 1982 | Dundee |  | 1–1 | 13,790 | *McKimmie* |
| 13 March 1982 | Partick Thistle |  | 5–1 | 5,465 | Dodds (3), *McKinnon*, Gough |
| 20 March 1982 | Aberdeen |  | 1–2 | 12,056 | Dodds |
| 27 March 1982 | Greenock Morton |  | 5–0 | 5,333 | Dodds (3), |
| 31 March 1982 | Celtic |  | 0–2 | 15,173 |  |
| 3 April 1982 | Dundee |  | 2–0 | 12,602 | Bannon, Sturrock |
| 7 April 1982 | Greenock Morton |  | 1–1 | 1,792 | Milne |
| 10 April 1982 | Airdrieonians |  | 4–0 | 5,416 | Bannon (2), Dodds, Milne |
| 14 April 1982 | Partick Thistle |  | 3–2 | 2,997 | Dodds (3) |
| 17 April 1982 | Hibernian |  | 0–1 | 6,845 |  |
| 21 April 1982 | Celtic |  | 1–3 | 14,392 | Dodds |
| 24 April 1982 | Rangers |  | 1–1 | 9,415 | Bannon (penalty) |
| 1 May 1982 | St Mirren |  | 2–2 | 3,404 | Bannon (penalty), Dodds |
| 5 May 1982 | Aberdeen |  | 1–2 | 6,587 | Hegarty |
| 8 May 1982 | Celtic |  | 3–0 | 16,761 | Hegarty, Sturrock, Milne |
| 15 May 1982 | Partick Thistle |  | 2–1 | 2,680 | Sturrock, Reilly |

### Scottish Cup

| Date | Rd | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance | Scorers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 30 January 1982 | R3 | Brechin City |  | 4–2 | 4,348 | Sturrock (2), Dodds, Kirkwood |
| 13 February 1982 | R4 | Hibernian |  | 1–1 | 10,735 | Holt |
| 17 February 1982 | R4 R | Hibernian |  | 1–1 | 11,039 | Kirkwood |
| 22 February 1982 | R4 2R | Hibernian |  | 3–0 | 13,759 | Holt, Dodds, Bannon (penalty) |
| 6 March 1982 | QF | St Mirren |  | 0–1 | 9,245 |  |

### League Cup

| Date | Rd | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance | Scorers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8 August 1981 | R2 | Ayr United |  | 4–3 | 3,341 | Bannon (3), Sturrock |
| 12 August 1981 | R2 | Partick Thistle |  | 2–0 | 5,926 | Pettigrew, Sturrock |
| 15 August 1981 | G1 | Motherwell |  | 2–1 | 2,884 | Pettigrew, Gough |
| 19 August 1981 | G1 | Partick Thistle |  | 2–1 | 1,805 | Sturrock, Bannon |
| 22 August 1981 | G1 | Ayr United |  | 2–1 | 5,847 | Holt, *Fleeting* |
| 26 August 1981 | G1 | Motherwell |  | 1–1 | 4,484 | Pettigrew |
| 2 September 1981 | QF 1 | Hamilton Academical |  | 4–0 | 5,381 | Dodds (2), Bannon, Holt |
| 23 September 1981 | QF 2 | Hamilton Academical |  | 5–0 | 3,512 | Payne, Dodds, Sturrock, Reilly, Kirkwood |
| 7 October 1981 | SF 1 | Aberdeen |  | 0–1 | 13,824 |  |
| 28 October 1981 | SF 2 | Aberdeen |  | 3–0 | 20,137 | Sturrock (2), Milne |
| 28 November 1981 | F | Rangers |  | 1–2 | 53,795 | Milne |

### UEFA Cup

| Date | Rd | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance | Scorers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16 September 1981 | R1 1 | AS Monaco |  | 5–2 | 7,609 | Dodds (2), Bannon (2), Kirkwood |
| 30 September 1981 | R1 2 | AS Monaco |  | 1–2 | 12,013 | Milne |
| 20 October 1981 | R2 1 | Borussia Mönchengladbach |  | 0–2 | 31,000 |  |
| 3 November 1981 | R2 2 | Borussia Mönchengladbach |  | 5–0 | 15,330 | Milne, Kirkwood, Sturrock, Hegarty, Bannon |
| 25 November 1981 | R3 1 | FC Winterslag | A | 0–0 | 9,500 |  |
| 9 December 1981 | R3 2 | FC Winterslag |  | 5–0 | 16,232 | Milne (2), Bannon, Narey, Hegarty |
| 3 March 1982 | QF 1 | Radnički Niš |  | 2–0 | 16,029 | Narey, Dodds |
| 17 March 1982 | QF 2 | Radnički Niš |  | 0–3 | 15,000 |  |

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 | Aberdeen | 36 | 23 | 7 | 6 | 71 | 29 | +42 | 53 | Qualification for the Cup Winners' Cup first round |
| 3 | Rangers | 36 | 16 | 11 | 9 | 57 | 45 | +12 | 43 | Qualification for the UEFA Cup first round |
| 4 | Dundee United | 36 | 15 | 10 | 11 | 61 | 38 | +23 | | 40 |
| 5 | St Mirren | 36 | 14 | 9 | 13 | 49 | 52 | 3 | 37 |  |
| 6 | Hibernian | 36 | 11 | 14 | 11 | 38 | 40 | 2 | | 36 |

Source: Statto
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.

## InfoBox

Dundee United
| 1981–82 season | |
| --- | --- |
| Manager | Jim McLean |
| Scottish Premier Division | 3rd (UEFA Cup)<br>W15 D10 L11 F61 A38 P40 |
| Scottish Cup | Quarter-final |
| League Cup | Finalists |
| UEFA Cup | Quarter-final |
|  | |


title: Mulvane, West Virginia

abstract: Mulvane was an unincorporated community in Fayette County, West Virginia, United States. The community most likely was named after the local Mulvane family.

text:
# Mulvane, West Virginia

**Mulvane** was an unincorporated community in Fayette County, West Virginia, United States.

The community most likely was named after the local Mulvane (or O'Mulvanny) family.

## InfoBox

| Mulvane, West Virginia | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| MulvaneMulvane | |
| Coordinates: 38°9′39″N 81°2′56″W / 38.16083°N 81.04889°W / 38.16083; -81.04889 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | West Virginia |
| County | Fayette |
| Elevation | 1,427 ft (435 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| GNIS ID | 1556156 |


abstract: The United States Committee for the Care of European Children (USCOM) was a quasi-governmental American body established in June 1940, with the intent to try to save mainly Jewish refugee children who came from Continental Europe, and to evacuate them to the United States, however, most of the children were British refugees from the blitz. Since the U.S. was neutral until Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, USCOM was still able to operate in Vichy France from its founding in June 1940, until the Nazi occupation of Vichy France in November 1942. USCOM should be contrasted with CORB, whose purpose was to bring children from Great Britain to the US. USCOM was co-founded by First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt and Louis S. Weiss. Roosevelt, from her position of influence, continued to strongly support USCOM. In actuality, she was greatly involved in the mission to rescue mainly Jewish European children through all possible relevant agencies. In 1941 Marshall Field III was USCOM's President or Chairman. Many other non-Governmental organisations, such as HIAS, the Joint, and the Quakers, and individuals such as Gilbert and Eleanor Kraus, also worked to save mainly Jewish children and send them to the United States. In Europe, these included the American-based GJCA which worked directly in Germany, and the French Jewish organization OSE.

text:
# United States Committee for the Care of European Children

The **United States Committee for the Care of European Children** (**USCOM**) was a quasi-governmental American body established in June 1940, with the intent to try to save mainly Jewish refugee children who came from Continental Europe, and to evacuate them to the United States, however, most of the children were British refugees from the blitz. Since the U.S. was neutral until Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, USCOM was still able to operate in Vichy France from its founding in June 1940, until the Nazi occupation of Vichy France in November 1942.

USCOM should be contrasted with CORB, whose purpose was to bring children from Great Britain to the US.

USCOM was co-founded by First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt and Louis S. Weiss. Roosevelt, from her position of influence, continued to strongly support USCOM. In actuality, she was greatly involved in the mission to rescue mainly Jewish European children through all possible relevant agencies. In 1941 Marshall Field III was USCOM's President or Chairman (sources differ).

Many other non-Governmental organisations, such as HIAS, the Joint, and the Quakers, and individuals such as Gilbert and Eleanor Kraus, also worked to save mainly Jewish children and send them to the United States. In Europe, these included the American-based GJCA which worked directly in Germany, and the French Jewish organization OSE.

1. "The United States Committee for the Care of European Children". *gwu.edu . However, this reference conflates the work of CORB to rescue British children, and USCOM which worked with children in mainland Europe*.
2. United States Committee for the Care of European Children, Report of the Executive Director to the Board of Directors
3. "132 child refugees due". *The New York Times*. 21 June 1941. p. 9. Retrieved 29 February 2024  via Times Machine.
4. "119 child refugees here from Lisbon". *The New York Times*. 22 June 1941. p. 19. Retrieved 29 February 2024  via Times Machine.


title: Prix Gladiateur

abstract: The Prix Gladiateur is a Group 3 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbreds aged four years or older. It is run at Longchamp over a distance of 3,100 metres, and it is scheduled to take place each year in September.

text:
# Prix Gladiateur

Prix Gladiateur
| 2024 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |
| Sevenna's Knight | Harbour Wind | Presage Nocturne |

| Previous years | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2023 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Lastotchka | Fasol | Vert Liberte |
| 2022 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Big Call | The Good Man | Investor |
| 2021 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Bubble Smart | Karlstad | Call The Wind |

| 2020-2011 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Called To The Bar | Think Of Me | Sublimis |
| 2019 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Called To The Bar | Haky | Boulevard |
| 2018 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Called To The Bar | Holdthasigreen | Morgan Le Faye |
| 2017 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Vazirabad | Holdthasigreen | Trip To Rhodos |
| 2016 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Vazirabad | Nahual | Settler's Son |
| 2015 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Walzertakt | Oriental Fox | Kicky Blue |
| 2014 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Bathyrhon | Kicky Blue | High Jinx |
| 2013 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Domeside | Les Beaufs | Goldtara |
| 2012 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Ivory Land | Miss Lago | Willing Foe |
| 2011 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Ley Hunter | Tac De Boistron | Shamanova |

| 2010-2001 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Gentoo | Watar | Kimble |
| 2009 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Kasbah Bliss | Pointilliste | Incanto Dream |
| 2008 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Kasbah Bliss | Bannaby | High Maintenance |
| 2007 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Varevees | Getaway | Le Miracle |
| 2006 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Le Miracle | Salutino | Soledad |
| 2005 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Reefscape | Ostankino | Allez Olive |
| 2004 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Westerner | Cut Quartz | Clear Thinking |
| 2003 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Darasim | Westerner | Soreze |
| 2002 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Miraculous | Bangalore | Terrazzo |
| 2001 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Yavana's Pace | Woodford Reserve | Generic |

| 2000-1990 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Orchestra Stall | Wajina | Tajoun |
| 1999 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Tajoun | Pozarica | Divination |
| 1998 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Tiraaz | Solo Mio | Asolo |
| 1997 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Orchestra Stall | Double Eclipse | Chief Contender |
| 1996 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Always Aloof | Kassani | Ming Dynasty |
| 1995 | | |
|  |  |  |
| L'Ile Tudy | Always Aloof | Epaphos |
| 1994 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Safety In Numbers | Always Earnest | Ballet Prince |
| 1993 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Oh So Risky | Non Partisan | Sought Out |
| 1992 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Le Montagnard | Dajraan | Thunder Grey |
| 1991 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Victoire Bleue | Our Account | Proud Panther |
| 1990 | | |
|  |  |  |
| River Test | Chelsea Girl | Our Account |
|  | | |

The **Prix Gladiateur** is a Group 3 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbreds aged four years or older. It is run at Longchamp over a distance of 3,100 metres (about 1 mile and 7½ furlongs), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September.

## History

The event is considered to be France's oldest surviving horse race. It was established in 1807, and was originally called the Grand Prix. The first version was contested over two circuits of the Champ de Mars, a distance of 4,000 metres.

The race was renamed the Grand Prix Royal in 1834. It was held at Chantilly in 1846. It became known as the Grand Prix National in 1848, and the Grand Prix Impérial in 1853.

The Grand Prix Impérial was transferred to Longchamp and increased to 6,000 metres in 1857. It was retitled the Grand Prix de l'Empereur and extended to 6,200 metres in 1861. This distance, about 3 miles and 7 furlongs, was maintained for almost a century.

The race was renamed in honour of Gladiateur, a notable previous winner, in 1869. The newly titled Prix Gladiateur was cancelled because of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870.

The race took place at Chantilly in 1906. It was abandoned throughout World War I, with no running from 1914 to 1918. It was cancelled twice during World War II, in 1939 and 1940. It was staged at Le Tremblay in 1943 and 1944.

The Prix Gladiateur was cut to 4,800 metres in 1955. It was shortened to 4,000 metres in 1977, and to 3,100 metres in 1991.

## Records

**Most successful horse (3 wins):**

* Called To The Bar – *2018, 2019, 2020*

---

**Leading jockey (5 wins):**

* Spreoty – *Hervine (1852), Echelle (1853), Royal Quand Meme (1854), Monarque (1857), Mon Etoile (1862)*
* Christophe Soumillon*Reefscape (2005), Domeside (2013), Walzertakt (2015), Vazirabad (2016, 2017)*
* Maxime Guyon \- *Bathyrhon (2014), Called To The Bar (2018, 2019, 2020), Big Call (2022)*

---

**Leading trainer (13 wins):**

* Tom Jennings – *Hervine (1852), Echelle (1853), Royal Quand Meme (1854), Monarque (1857), Lysiscote (1860), Surprise (1861), Gladiateur (1866), Auguste (1868), Trocadero (1869), Nougat (1876), Verneuil (1878), Clementine (1879), Courtois (1880)*

---

**Leading owner (10 wins):**

* Frédéric de Lagrange*Monarque (1857), Lysiscote (1860), Surprise (1861), Gladiateur (1866), Auguste (1868), Trocadero (1869), Nougat (1876), Verneuil (1878), Clementine (1879), Courtois (1880)*

## Winners since 1981

| Year | Winner | Age | Jockey | Trainer | Owner | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1981 | Kelbomec | 5 | Jean-Claude Desaint | J. C. Cunnington | Mrs Jacques Barker | 4:45.80 |
| 1982 | Kelbomec | 6 | Jean-Claude Desaint | J. C. Cunnington | Mrs Jacques Barker | 4:39.00 |
| 1983 | Balitou | 4 | Cash Asmussen | Patrick Biancone | Daniel Wildenstein |  |
| 1984 | Mister Jack | 5 | Yves Saint-Martin | Pierre Biancone | Jacques Baillif | 5:01.20 |
| 1985 | Balitou | 6 | Éric Legrix | Patrick Biancone | Daniel Wildenstein | 4:40.10 |
| 1986 | Silver Green | 5 | Yves Saint-Martin | Alain de Royer-Dupré | Marquesa de Moratalla | 4:36.70 |
| 1987 | Yaka | 4 | Dominique Boeuf | Alain Chelet | Mrs Arthur Dewez | 4:47.90 |
| 1988 | Sadeem | 5 | Greville Starkey | Guy Harwood | Sheikh Mohammed | 4:21.30 |
| 1989 | Hi Lass | 4 | Tony Cruz | Jonathan Pease | Arthur Budgett | 4:22.10 |
| 1990 | River Test | 4 | Freddy Head | David Smaga | Lord Weinstock | 4:25.20 |
| 1991 | Victoire Bleue | 4 | Thierry Jarnet | André Fabre | Daniel Wildenstein | 3:21.00 |
| 1992 | Le Montagnard | 4 | Christian Phelippeau | Guy Henrot | Joel Blandin | 3:26.70 |
| 1993 | Oh So Risky | 6 | John Williams | David Elsworth | Oh So Risky Syndicate | 3:22.90 |
| 1994 | Safety in Numbers | 4 | Tony Ives | Lady Herries | Edwin Cohen | 3:32.30 |
| 1995 | L'Ile Tudy | 5 | Alain Badel | Myriam Bollack-Badel | Georges Halphen | 3:21.80 |
| 1996 | Always Aloof | 5 | Olivier Peslier | Michael Stoute | Sven Hanson | 3:19.10 |
| 1997 | Orchestra Stall | 5 | Pat Eddery | John Dunlop | Sir David Sieff | 3:18.30 |
| 1998 | Tiraaz | 4 | Gérald Mossé | Alain de Royer-Dupré | HH Aga Khan IV | 3:31.10 |
| 1999 | Tajoun | 5 | Gérald Mossé | Alain de Royer-Dupré | HH Aga Khan IV | 3:24.20 |
| 2000 | Orchestra Stall | 8 | Thierry Thulliez | John Dunlop | Sir David Sieff | 3:23.80 |
| 2001 | Yavana's Pace | 9 | Joe Fanning | Mark Johnston | Joan Keaney | 3:25.50 |
| 2002 | Miraculous | 5 | Thierry Jarnet | Didier Prod'homme | Bernard Giraudon | 3:20.10 |
| 2003 | Darasim | 5 | Joe Fanning | Mark Johnston | Markus Graff | 3:18.80 |
| 2004 | Westerner | 5 | Olivier Peslier | Élie Lellouche | Ecurie Wildenstein | 3:26.60 |
| 2005 | Reefscape | 4 | Christophe Soumillon | André Fabre | Khalid Abdullah | 3:28.40 |
| 2006 | Le Miracle | 5 | Dominique Boeuf | Werner Baltromei | R'stall Gestüt Hachtsee | 3:15.90 |
| 2007 | Varevees | 4 | Thierry Jarnet | Joel Boisnard | Jean Uzel | 3:15.00 |
| 2008 | Kasbah Bliss | 6 | Thierry Thulliez | François Doumen | Henri de Pracomtal | 3:14.50 |
| 2009 | Kasbah Bliss | 7 | Thierry Thulliez | François Doumen | Henri de Pracomtal | 3:18.40 |
| 2010 | Gentoo | 6 | Gérald Mossé | Alain Lyon | Serge Tripier-Mondancin | 3:34.10 |
| 2011 | Ley Hunter | 4 | Mickael Barzalona | André Fabre | Godolphin | 3:33.99 |
| 2012 | Ivory Land | 5 | Stéphane Pasquier | Alain de Royer-Dupré | Eduardo Fierro | 3:18.16 |
| 2013 | Domeside | 7 | Christophe Soumillon | Mauricio Delcher-Sanchez | Safsaf Canarias Srl | 3:27.24 |
| 2014 | Bathyrhon | 4 | Maxime Guyon | Pia Brandt | Avaz Ismoilov | 3:15.76 |
| 2015 | Walzertakt\[a\] | 6 | Christophe Soumillon | Jean-Pierre Carvalho | Gestut Aesculap | 3:26.62 |
| 2016 | Vazirabad\[b\] | 4 | Christophe Soumillon | Alain de Royer-Dupré | Aga Khan IV | 3:17.96 |
| 2017 | Vazirabad\[b\] | 5 | Christophe Soumillon | Alain de Royer-Dupré | Aga Khan IV | 3:18.13 |
| 2018 | Called To The Bar | 4 | Maxime Guyon | Pia Brandt | Fair Salinia Ltd | 3:18.23 |
| 2019 | Called To The Bar | 5 | Maxime Guyon | Pia Brandt | Fair Salinia Ltd | 3:23.42 |
| 2020 | Called To The Bar | 6 | Maxime Guyon | Pia Brandt | Fair Salinia Ltd | 3:21.11 |
| 2021 | Bubble Smart | 4 | Ioritz Mendizabal | Mikel Delzangles | Zak Bloodstock | 3:29.34 |
| 2022 | Big Call | 5 | Maxime Guyon | Christophe Ferland | Christophe Ferland | 3:20.34 |

**a**  Fly With Me finished first in 2015 but was disqualified after testing positive for a banned substance.
**b**  The 2016 & 2017 runnings took place at Chantilly while Longchamp was closed for redevelopment.

## Earlier winners

* 1834: Felix
* 1835: Miss Annette
* 1836: Volante
* 1837: Franck
* 1838: Corisandre
* 1839: Eylau
* 1840: Nautilus
* 1841: Giges
* 1842: Minuit
* 1843: Jenny
* 1844: Drummer
* 1845: Cavatine
* 1846: Fitz Emilius
* 1847: Predestinee
* 1848: Morok
* 1849: Dulcamara
* 1850: Serenade
* 1851: Messine
* 1852: Hervine
* 1853: Echelle
* 1854: Royal Quand Meme
* 1855: Festival
* 1856: Ronzi
* 1857: Monarque
* 1858: Miss Cath
* 1859: Tippler
* 1860: Lysiscote
* 1861: Surprise
* 1862: Mon Etoile
* 1863: Souvenir
* 1864: Noelie
* 1865: Ninon de Lenclos
* 1866: Gladiateur
* 1867: Vertugadin
* 1868: Auguste
* 1869: Trocadero
* 1870: *no race*
* 1871: Don Carlos
* 1872: Dutch Skater
* 1873: Barbillon
* 1874: Christiania
* 1875: Figaro
* 1876: Nougat
* 1877: Mondaine
* 1878: Verneuil
* 1879: Clementine
* 1880: Courtois
* 1881: Pourquoi
* 1882: Bariolet
* 1883: Mademoiselle de Senlis
* 1884: Satory
* 1885: Lavaret
* 1886: Escarboucle
* 1887: Upas
* 1888: Tenebreuse
* 1889: Tenebreuse
* 1890: Carmaux
* 1891: Mirabeau
* 1892: Primrose
* 1893: Aquarium
* 1894: Aquarium
* 1895: La Licorne
* 1896: Omnium II
* 1897: Elf
* 1898: Elf
* 1899: Patriarche
* 1900: Sospiro
* 1901: Mademoiselle de Longchamps
* 1902: Amer Picon
* 1903: Amer Picon
* 1904: Vieux Paris
* 1905: Maximum
* 1906: Clyde
* 1907: Punta Gorda
* 1908: Rabat Joie
* 1909: Sea Sick
* 1910: Pierre Benite
* 1911: Basse Pointe
* 1912: Chambre de l'Edit
* 1913: Philippe
* 1914–18: *no race*
* 1919: Passebreul
* 1920: Bachlyk
* 1921: Odol
* 1922: Flechois
* 1923: Flechois
* 1924: Trevise
* 1925: Cerfeuil
* 1926: Tomy
* 1927: Soun
* 1928: Bouda
* 1929: Nopal
* 1930: Monsieur le Marechal
* 1931: Filidor
* 1932: Reverende
* 1933: Voila
* 1934: Prince Oli
* 1935: Dejazcomba
* 1936: Bokbul
* 1937: Trevisani
* 1938: Pretender
* 1939–40: *no race*
* 1941: Rosette
* 1942: Ughald
* 1943: L'Aligote
* 1944: Marsyas
* 1945: Woodcutter
* 1946: Albor
* 1947: Blue Butterfly
* 1948: Monticola
* 1949: Blue Butterfly
* 1950: Vatelys
* 1951: Deux Points
* 1952: Ysard
* 1953: Xaret
* 1954: Ring Etoile
* 1955: Fil Rouge
* 1956: Savoyard
* 1957: Romantisme
* 1958: Ranchiquito
* 1959: Epsom Victory
* 1960: Epsom Victory
* 1961: Taine
* 1962: Hunch
* 1963: Kistinie
* 1964: Greyhound
* 1965: Fantomas
* 1966: Pompon Rouge
* 1967: Alciglide
* 1968: Samos
* 1969: Clairon
* 1970: Faux Monnayeur
* 1971: Barado
* 1972: Hickleton
* 1973: Lassalle
* 1974: Forceful
* 1975: Campo Moro
* 1976: Knight Templar
* 1977: John Cherry
* 1978: Biliboy
* 1979: Marson
* 1980: Anifa

---

## InfoBox

Prix Gladiateur
| Group 3 race | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Longchamp Racecourse
Paris, France |
| Inaugurated | 1807 |
| Race type | Flat / Thoroughbred |
| Sponsor | Qatar |
| Website | france-galop.com |
| Race information | |
| Distance | 3,100 metres (1m 7½f) |
| Surface | Turf |
| Track | Right-handed |
| Qualification | Four-years-old and up |
| Weight | 57 kg
**Allowances**
1½ kg for fillies and mares
1 kg if not Group placed *
**Penalties**
3 kg for Group 1 winners *
2 kg for Group 2 winners *
1 kg for Group 3 winners *
* *since September 1 last year* |
| Purse | €80,000 *(2021)*
**1st:** €40,000 |


title: Geyser FC

abstract: Geyser FC is a football (soccer) club from Chad based in N'Djamena. In 2011 the team has played in Chad Premier League.

text:
# Geyser FC

**Geyser FC** is a football (soccer) club from Chad based in N'Djamena.

In 2011 the team has played in Chad Premier League.

## Stadium

The club plays home matches on Stade Omnisports Idriss Mahamat Ouya.

## Kits

The team plays in blue and orange kits.

## League participations

## InfoBox

Geyser
| Full name | Geyser FC |
| --- | --- |
| Ground | Stade Omnisports Idriss Mahamat Ouya<br>N'Djamena, Chad |
| Capacity | 20.000 |
| Manager | ? |
| League | Chad Premier League |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Pro Evolution Soccer 2011 3D

abstract: Pro Evolution Soccer 2011 3D is an association football video game released as a launch title for the Nintendo 3DS, developed and published by Konami. It is a re-release of Pro Evolution Soccer 2011, but in 3D and instead of the camera being in broadcast view, the camera is behind the currently selected player.

text:
# Pro Evolution Soccer 2011 3D

***Pro Evolution Soccer 2011 3D*** (*Winning Eleven 3D Soccer* in Japan) is an association football video game released as a launch title for the Nintendo 3DS, developed and published by Konami. It is a re-release of *Pro Evolution Soccer 2011*, but in 3D and instead of the camera being in broadcast view, the camera is behind the currently selected player.

## Features

PES announced in its website numerous exclusive features for the 3DS version of the game. *Total Control* is one of the most publicized addition to the game, enhancing passing ratio, offering good levels of control over every play. This allows users to pass the ball into space, and move their play with total freedom. Gamers have to make their passes and lob to their teammates. In addition to the control feature, a generic "Shot and Stamina Gauge" is shown with gameplay, giving shot and stamina details. Constantly sprinting will affect the player’s movements and will have an adverse effect on his stats, with passes going awry and a loss of pace.

Defending features were added including "New Defender AI" making defenders hold their positions naturally and no longer chasing balls that enter their area and forcing them into a mistake. "Improved Goalkeeping" was the second part to the defense features, adding players more control over their goalkeepers for more saves and accuracy.

"Animation and Player Physics" adds players moving with more natural movements and acceleration. The physical looks of players is also improved. Excessive movement now looks much better, while there is a larger variety of convincing tackling styles. Realistic animation also adds to the atmosphere, as players move better. A new "Speed of Play" makes for a more considered pace. The game speeds up at vital moments, and it is harder to make run from midfield, and good play will depend on making passes to make room.

A similar "Aesthtics" feature enhances facial animation. Aspects for player movement have been modified with more plays and interaction. The way players speed up and slow down is also more natural, while replays display elements of disturbed motion. A new stadium editor known as "Stadium Editor" allows gamers to create stadiums. They can edit the stands by selecting preset built structures, colors, adboards, architecture and roofing of the stands, whether the terrain. Users can now choose the setting for the stadium. The user is given the option to specify a background layout, with a variety of both urban and rural backgrounds.

"Tactical and Strategy" allows players to mark their playing style every game. A new "drag and drop" mechanism that can be used in every aspect of team management has been implemented, not just substitutions or formation changes. These settings are also animated for better understanding of the plays that have been altered.

Many other new features include "Feint settings", offering many skills and turns and allows users to use moves on the right stick, making them very accessible. A new "Online Master League" offers online connection with players around the world.

Unlike the console versions, this version of *Pro Evolution Soccer 2011* does not feature the Copa Santander Libertadores.

## Reception

The game was met with average reception upon release, as *GameRankings* gave it a score of 73.92%, while *Metacritic* gave it 73 out of 100.

## InfoBox

| Pro Evolution Soccer 2011 3D | |
| --- | --- |
| North American cover art | |
| Developer(s) | Konami |
| Publisher(s) | Konami |
| Series | *Pro Evolution Soccer* |
| Platform(s) | Nintendo 3DS |
| Release | * JP: February 26, 2011 * EU: March 25, 2011 * NA: March 27, 2011 * AU: March 31, 2011 |
| Genre(s) | Sports game |
| Mode(s) | Single Player<br>Multiplayer |