title: Loyang, Singapore

abstract: Loyang is a subzone region located in the town of Pasir Ris in the East Region of Singapore. The region consists of three subzones, Loyang West, Loyang East and Flora Drive. The name means brass or tray in Malay. The region is served with the exterior road of Loyang Avenue, which leads to Pasir Ris and Tampines and Changi City Point. Much of the industrial estate is dealing with aviation related services, due to its proximity to Changi Airport. Loyang was a Malay kampong that once existed in the area, Kampong Loyang or Loyang Besar. Before redevelopment, its village mosque, Kampong Loyang Besar Mosque, used to be located in the area. The area today is well-developed with residential estates, industrial parks and amenities such as NTUC Downtown East on Jalan Loyang Besar and a HDB owned neighbourhood shopping mall Loyang Point on 259 Pasir Ris Street 21.

text:
# Loyang, Singapore

**Loyang** is a subzone region located in the town of Pasir Ris in the East Region of Singapore. The region consists of three subzones, Loyang West, Loyang East and Flora Drive. The name means *brass* or *tray* in Malay.

The region is served with the exterior road of Loyang Avenue, which leads to Pasir Ris and Tampines and Changi City Point. Much of the industrial estate is dealing with aviation related services, due to its proximity to Changi Airport.

Loyang was a Malay kampong that once existed in the area, *Kampong Loyang* or *Loyang Besar*. Before redevelopment, its village mosque, *Kampong Loyang Besar Mosque,* used to be located in the area.

The area today is well-developed with residential estates, industrial parks and amenities such as NTUC Downtown East on Jalan Loyang Besar and a HDB owned neighbourhood shopping mall Loyang Point on 259 Pasir Ris Street 21.

## Landmarks

There is a famous and popular Chinese temple, known as Loyang Tua Pek Kong Temple (洛陽大伯公宮) located at Loyang Way. The temple is dedicated to Tua Pek Kong and various Chinese deities with several shrines dedicated to Hindu deities and Datuk Keramat, reflecting the spirit of religious harmony in Singapore. The temple is one of the few Chinese temple in Singapore that is opened 24 hours for worship and attracts many devotees from all over the nation.

## InfoBox

| Loyang | |
| --- | --- |
| Subzone of Pasir Ris Planning Area | |
| Name transcription(s) | |
| Chinese | 罗央 / 羅央 / 洛阳 / 洛陽 |
| Pinyin | Luóyāng / Luòyáng |
| Malay | Loyang |
| Tamil | லோயாங் |
| LoyangLocation of Loyang within Singapore | |
| Coordinates: 1°22′43″N 103°58′18″E / 1.37861°N 103.97167°E / 1.37861; 103.97167 | |
| Country | Singapore |
| Government | |
| Ruling parties | People's Action Party |
| Population | |
| Total | 15,340 |


title: Mary Jane Dunphe

abstract: Mary Jane Dunphe is an American musician. Dunphe has been a member of the bands Vexx, Gen Pop, The Country Liners, Pinocchio, and CC Dust. In addition to making music as part of numerous bands, Dunphe is also a solo musician. Dunphe released her debut solo album in 2023. The album, Stage of Love, was released through Pop Wig Records. Prior to the albums release, Dunphe released the singles Stage of Love, Always Gonna Be The Same, and Longing Loud. The album was listed as one of "24 Great Records You May Have Missed: Spring/Summer 2023" by Pitchfork. and the title track was listed at number 100 on Pitchfork's "The Best Songs of 2023" list. In January 2024, Dunphe released two new songs, "Fix Me" and "Seasons" through Sub Pop.

text:
# Mary Jane Dunphe

**Mary Jane Dunphe** is an American musician. Dunphe has been a member of the bands **Vexx**, **Gen Pop**, **The Country Liners**, **Pinocchio**, and **CC Dust**. In addition to making music as part of numerous bands, Dunphe is also a solo musician.

Dunphe released her debut solo album in 2023. The album, *Stage of Love*, was released through Pop Wig Records. Prior to the albums release, Dunphe released the singles Stage of Love, Always Gonna Be The Same, and Longing Loud. The album was listed as one of "24 Great Records You May Have Missed: Spring/Summer 2023" by Pitchfork. and the title track was listed at number 100 on Pitchfork's "The Best Songs of 2023" list.

In January 2024, Dunphe released two new songs, "Fix Me" and "Seasons" through Sub Pop.


title: Michiko Kuwano

abstract: Michiko Kuwano Michiko Kuwano was a Japanese film actress.

text:
# Michiko Kuwano

**Michiko Kuwano** (桑野通子, *Kuwano Michiko*, 4 January 1915 – 1 April 1946) was a Japanese film actress.

## Biography

Michiko Kuwano was born on January 4, 1915 in the former municipality of Shiba-ku, which is now located in the Minato ward in Tokyo. Her father was a chef, and her mother died when she was four years old.

She joined Shōchiku in 1934 and made her first film with Hiroshi Shimizu, a director with whom she collaborated numerous times.

She gave birth in 1942 to Miyuki Kuwano, who would later become an actress.

On March 29, 1946, she fainted during the filming of *Victory of Women* by Kenji Mizoguchi. She died on April 1, 1946 from complications of a hemorrhage due to an ectopic pregnancy at the age of 31.

Michiko Kuwano appeared in nearly 90 films for Shōchiku between 1934 and 1946.

## Career

Kuwano was born in Shiba ward, Tokyo. After graduating from Mita High School in 1932, she first worked as a "sweets girl" for Morinaga & Company before entering the Shochiku film studios in 1934, where she gave her debut in Hiroshi Shimizu's *Eclipse*. In addition to many films directed by Shimizu, she starred in films by Yasujirō Ozu and Yasujirō Shimazu. In 1946, she collapsed on the set of Kenji Mizoguchi's *Victory of Women*. She is the mother of actress Miyuki Kuwano.

## Selected filmography

## InfoBox

| Michiko Kuwano | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1915-01-04)4 January 1915<br>Shiba, Tokyo, Japan |
| Died | 1 April 1946(1946-04-01) (aged 31) |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1934–1946 |


title: Poecilostictus

abstract:
Poecilostictus is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Ichneumonidae. The species of this genus are found in Europe. Species:
  - Poecilostictus cothurnatus
  - Poecilostictus decoratus Heinrich, 1974

text:
# Poecilostictus

***Poecilostictus*** is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Ichneumonidae.

The species of this genus are found in Europe.

Species:

## InfoBox

| *Poecilostictus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Poecilostictus cothurnatus | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Ichneumonidae |
| Genus: | *Poecilostictus*<br>Ratzeburg, 1852 |
|


title: Masafumi Ogawa

abstract: Masafumi Ogawa (小川将史), born January 14, 1983, is a Japanese retired professional ice hockey forward. He began his professional career in 2005, playing for the Oji Eagles of Asia League Ice Hockey and would spend his entire professional career with the team until his retirement in 2015. He also played for the Japan national team from 2005 to 2011.

text:
# Masafumi Ogawa

Masafumi Ogawa
| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Men's ice hockey | | |
| Representing  Japan | | |
| Asian Games | | |
|  | 2011 Astana-Almaty | Ice hockey |

**Masafumi Ogawa** (小川将史), born January 14, 1983, is a Japanese retired professional ice hockey forward.

He began his professional career in 2005, playing for the Oji Eagles of Asia League Ice Hockey and would spend his entire professional career with the team until his retirement in 2015. He also played for the Japan national team from 2005 to 2011.

## InfoBox

| Masafumi Ogawa | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born | (1983-01-14) January 14, 1983
Tomakomai, Hokkaidō, JPN | | |
| Height | 5 ft 9 in (175 cm) | | |
| Weight | 168 lb (76 kg; 12 st 0 lb) | | |
| Position | Forward | | |
| Shot | Left | | |
| Played for | ***Asia League***
Oji Eagles | | |
| National team | Japan | | |
| Playing career | 20052015 | | |


title: Xanthomonas codiaei

abstract: Xanthomonas codiaei is a species of bacteria.

text:
# Xanthomonas codiaei

***Xanthomonas codiaei*** is a species of bacteria.

## InfoBox

| *Xanthomonas codiaei* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
| Class: | Gammaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Xanthomonadales |
| Family: | Xanthomonadaceae |
| Genus: | *Xanthomonas* |
| Species: | ***X. codiaei*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Xanthomonas codiaei***<br>Vauterin *et al.* 1995 | |
|


title: WZOS

abstract: WZOS is a radio station licensed to Berlin, Wisconsin, that serves the Fox Valley in Northeastern Wisconsin. Owned by Woodward Communications, Inc., the station broadcasts an active rock format, and has been a simulcast of WZOR since June 13, 2018.

text:
# WZOS

**WZOS** (104.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to Berlin, Wisconsin, that serves the Fox Valley in Northeastern Wisconsin. Owned by Woodward Communications, Inc., the station broadcasts an active rock format, and has been a simulcast of WZOR since June 13, 2018.

## History

The station's first format was country music. Afterwards, the station broadcast blues, jazz, classical and standards and was replaced with country music in 2003. The following year, the station started airing smooth jazz until April 3, 2006 at 3PM. The station was then run under a local marketing agreement by Radio Plus of Fond du Lac, and started airing a rhythmic-leaning adult contemporary format as "Magic 104"; the first song on Magic was "Be My Lover" by La Bouche. In April 2008, the LMA agreement with Radio Plus expired and was picked up by Martini Media of Oshkosh. On March 11, 2009 at Midnight, after stunting for an hour with Spanish contemporary music, the station shifted to Top 40/CHR as "B104"; the first song on "B" was "Circus" by Britney Spears.

In March 2018, Caxambas sold the then-**WBJZ** to Woodward Communications for $720,000. Martini Media contested the purchase in court, petitioning that despite a Permission To Deny in their 2008 agreement it was verbally extended past is its 2013 expiration and that Caxambas sold the station before the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approved the license transfer. Martini would continue the B104 stream for several months online until entering into a contract with Mountain Dog Media to convert Sheboygan's WCLB (950/107.3), which had recently launched an FM translator, to the same format as "Z107".

On May 1, 2018, Woodward began operating the station and flipped it to a jockless, commercial-free active rock format, as a part of a 1,047-hour stunt (the last song on "B-104" was "Blank Space" by Taylor Swift, which cut off halfway through). It was announced in June that after the conclusion of the marathon, WBJZ would become a simulcast of sister station WZOR/Mishicot as *Razor 104.7* on June 13, extending the station's coverage into Fond du Lac and Oshkosh, and rimshotting Appleton. The sale to Woodward Communications was consummated on October 10, 2018; on October 15, Woodward changed the station's call sign to WZOS to better reflect its "Razor" branding.

43°54′21″N 88°53′12″W / 43.90583°N 88.88667°W / 43.90583; -88.88667

## InfoBox

WZOS
| Simulcasts WZOR Green Bay | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Oshkosh, Fond du Lac, Fox Cities, Wisconsin |
| Frequency | 104.7 MHz |
| Branding | *Razor 94.7 & 104.7* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Active rock |
| Affiliations | Compass Media Networks
United Stations Radio Networks |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Woodward Communications, Inc. |
| Sister stations | WAPL, WFZZ, WHBY, WKSZ, WKZY, WSCO, WZOR |
| History | |
| First air date | 1972 (as WISS-FM at 102.3) |
| Former call signs | WISS-FM (1972–1998)
WBJZ (1998–2018) |
| Former frequencies | 102.3 MHz (1972–1996) |
| Call sign meaning | Ra**Z**or **OS**hkosh |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 34905 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 5,200 watts |
| HAAT | 107 meters (351 ft) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | razorwisconsin.com |


title: Milk protein concentrate

abstract: Milk protein concentrate (MPC) is any type of concentrated milk product that contains 40–90% milk protein. The United States officially defines MPC as "any complete milk protein concentrate that is 40 percent or more protein by weight." In addition to ultrafiltered milk products, the MPC classification includes concentrates made through other processes, such as blending nonfat dry milk with highly concentrated proteins, such as casein.

text:
# Milk protein concentrate

**Milk protein concentrate** (MPC) is any type of concentrated milk product that contains 40–90% milk protein. The United States officially defines MPC as "any complete milk protein (casein plus lactalbumin) concentrate that is 40 percent or more protein by weight." In addition to ultrafiltered milk products, the MPC classification includes concentrates made through other processes, such as blending nonfat dry milk with highly concentrated proteins, such as casein.

## Processing

To make milk protein concentrate, whole milk is first separated into cream and skim milk. The skim milk is then fractionated using ultrafiltration to make a skim concentrate that is lactose-reduced. This process separates milk components according to their molecular size. Milk then passes through a membrane that allows some of the lactose, minerals, and water to cross through. The casein and whey proteins, however, will not pass through the membrane due to their larger molecular size. The proteins, lactose, and minerals that do not go through the membrane are then spray dried. Spray drying and evaporation further concentrate the remaining materials to form a powder. Depending on the purpose of the final product, different heat treatments can be used to process ultrafiltered or blended varieties of MPC. An MPC product processed with low heat will maintain higher nutritional value.

## Functionality in food

Applications of MPC include: use in nutritional beverages, nutritional and dietary products, aged care products, infant formulas, protein bars, yogurts, recombined cheeses, cultured products, frozen desserts, bakery and confection applications. MPC can be financially advantageous to producers of milk for cheese production, as its addition increases the protein level of the product achieving greater cheese yield for less capital investment.

MPC contains micellar casein, whey proteins, and bioactive proteins in the same ratio found in milk. As the protein content of MPC increases, the lactose levels decrease. This high-protein low-lactose ratio makes MPC an appealing ingredient for protein-fortified beverages and foods and low-carbohydrate foods.

MPC can make products more heat stable, and it can provide solubility and dispersibility when used. This solubility makes MPCs beneficial in dairy-based mixes. MPC is useful in foaming and whipping. The proteins in MPC act at air/water interface to form a stable film of air bubbles. This stabilizes meringues, mousses, cakes, ice creams, whipped cream and soufflés. The proteins in MPC act at the oil/water interface to form and stabilize fat emulsions in sausages and other processed meats, dairy drinks, soups, vinaigerettes, sauces and bakery products. Essential in many of its applications, an MPC can increase the viscosity of a food product due to its interior protein structure. The lactose and proteins in MPC undergo Maillard browning, resulting in an appealing color for bakery products such as pastries, cakes and muffins. Because MPC has virtually no taste, it allows the other flavors of a food to fully develop.

## Impact on the United States

In 2002, the FDA issued a Warning Letter to Kraft Foods that Kraft Singles and Velveeta were being sold with packaging that described it as a "Pasteurized Process Cheese" and "Pasteurized Process Cheese Spread" respectively, which the FDA claimed were misbranded because the products declared milk protein concentrate (MPC) in its ingredients listing. Both products are now sold in the US as a "Pasteurized Prepared Cheese Product", a term for which the FDA does not maintain a standard of identity, and which therefore may contain MPC.

In the US dairy farmers are protected from international competitors with a range of measures, including tariffs on imports. MPCs however are not subject to a tariff rate quota, so most MPCs used are imported. US dairy producer groups claim that foreign manufacturers using nonfat dry milk in the production of MPC are circumventing existing quotas on nonfat dry milk.


title: Loys Choquart

abstract: Loys Choquart was a Swiss jazz reedist, bandleader, and broadcaster. Choquart was leading his own ensemble by age 17, and at 19 had a position at Radio Geneva, remaining a broadcaster with the station for decades. He first recorded with his ensemble the New Rhythm Kings in 1942, and with a new ensemble, the Dixie Dandies, in 1943. According to jazz historian Rainer E. Lotz, by the end of World War II "he was considered the best Swiss saxophone and clarinet soloist", playing in both Dixieland and swing idioms. His Creole Jazz ensemble won the Prix Jazz Hot in 1955 on the basis of recordings made in 1952. He also led a larger ensemble with an orchestra, which included André Zumbach (fr). Later in his life he toured extensively throughout western Europe and owned a club in Geneva called La Tour.

text:
# Loys Choquart

**Loys Choquart** (October 11, 1920 in Geneva – December 10, 1989 in Puplinge) was a Swiss jazz reedist, bandleader, and broadcaster.

Choquart was leading his own ensemble by age 17, and at 19 had a position at Radio Geneva, remaining a broadcaster with the station for decades. He first recorded with his ensemble the New Rhythm Kings in 1942, and with a new ensemble, the Dixie Dandies, in 1943 (which included Henri Chaix and Wallace Bishop as sidemen). According to jazz historian Rainer E. Lotz, by the end of World War II "he was considered the best Swiss saxophone and clarinet soloist", playing in both Dixieland and swing idioms. His Creole Jazz ensemble won the Prix Jazz Hot in 1955 on the basis of recordings made in 1952. He also led a larger ensemble with an orchestra, which included André Zumbach (fr). Later in his life he toured extensively throughout western Europe and owned a club in Geneva called La Tour.


title: Viceroys in China

abstract: Zongdu were high-level officials responsible for overseeing the governors of several provinces in Ming and Qing China. One viceroy usually administered several provinces and was in charge of all affairs of military, food, wages, rivers, and provincial governors within their region of jurisdiction. Viceroys were appointed by and directly reported to the Emperor. One of the most important was the Viceroy of Zhili (Chihli), since it encompassed the imperial capital. Yuan Shikai, later President of Republican China, held this office.

text:
# Viceroys in China

**Zongdu** (**Tsung-tu**; simplified Chinese: 总督; traditional Chinese: 總督; pinyin: *Zǒngdū*; Wade–Giles: *Tsung3-tu1*; lit. 'Overall Supervisor'; Manchu: ᠤᠾᠡᠷᠢ
ᠺᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠ
ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠨ; usually translated as **Governor-General** or **Viceroy**) were high-level officials responsible for overseeing the governors of several provinces in Ming and Qing China. One viceroy usually administered several provinces and was in charge of all affairs of military, food, wages, rivers, and provincial governors within their region of jurisdiction. Viceroys were appointed by and directly reported to the Emperor.

One of the most important was the Viceroy of Zhili (Chihli), since it encompassed the imperial capital. Yuan Shikai, later President of Republican China, held this office.

## Ming dynasty

Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming dynasty (1368 AD to 1644 AD), continued the provincial system of the Yuan dynasty but separated Xingsheng into 13 Cheng Xuan Bu Zheng Shi Si, aimed to spread the central government policies. However, later the Ming government found out they needed a coordinator to deal with the conflict between several provinces or suppress rebellion.

The viceroy system began in 1441, the 6th year of Zhengtong period, when the minister of war was assigned to cope with the rebellion in Yunnan. From the late 15th century, the Ming central viceroys were assigned with increasing frequency. In the 5th year of Chenghua emperor (1469 AD), the viceroy of Liangguang (Guangdong and Guangxi) was assigned permanently.

Only the secretary of the Grand Council can be appointed to be a viceroy. In the 8th year of Zhengde emperor (1510 AD), the viceroy of Xuanda was appointed to defend the Great Wall against annual Northern Yuan Mongol invasions.

In 1550 AD, the 33rd year Jiajing emperor, viceroy of Zhezhi was set up to cope the threat from the Japanese wokou.

When it came to the 1600s, the Manchu rose from the northeast of China, Nurhaci, the khan of Later Jin, announced his rebellion against the Ming dynasty in the 1610. In 1626, the 6th year of Tianqi, in the Battle of Ningyuan, Yuan Chonghuan defeated Nurhaci and defended Ningyuan from the Manchu. Nurhaci would die several months later. Yuan Chonghuan was in succession to become viceroy of Jiliao. As Yuan Chonghuan defended Ningyuan and Jinzhou from the Manchu invasion for many times, Hong Taiji, the following khan of Nurhaci, bypassed Ningyuan and Jinzhou and broke through the Great Wall and reached the capital.

In 1630 the 3rd year of Chongzhen era, Yuan was arrested for betraying the Ming dynasty and sentenced to death. Before his death, Yuan wrote a poem:

> "A life's work always ends up in vain; half of my career seems to be in dreams. I do not worry about lacking brave warriors after my death, for my loyal spirit will continue to guard Liaodong."

In the same time, the viceroy of Shaan-Gan, Hong Chengchou, was assigned to deal with the peasant uprising headed by Gao Yingxiang (Chuang King) and Li Zicheng (General Chuang later inherited Gao's nickname and his forces) in northwest China. In order to suppress the peasant uprising, the Ming government set up the viceroy of five provinces including Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Huguang and Sichuan, Lu Xiangsheng was appointed to it and soon defeated Gao Yingxiang and his 300,000 troopys with just an army of 20,000. Before Lu could suppress all the remains of peasant uprising, he was appointed to be the viceroy of Xuanda to protect the north border of the empire to defend against the Manchus. In 1638, the 11th year of Chongzhen, Lu died for his country in the battle against the Manchus after facing a case of food shortage for seven days.

Some people believe the death of the Ming dynasty was sealed after Hong Chengchou, the viceroy of Jiliao during 1639 and 1641, failed the Battle of Song-Jin and lost nearly half of Ming's army. Though Hong Chengchou was highly regarded by Chongzhen emperor, he surrendered to the Qing. In 1644, the last emperor of Ming, Chongzhen emperor Zhu Youjian hanged himself in Beijing outside the Forbidden city when Li Zicheng marched into Beijing.

## Qing dynasty

### List of viceroys

The regional viceroys, along with subordinate provinces, during the Qing dynasty were:

Chinese historians often rank the Viceroy of Zhili as the most honorable and powerful, and the Viceroy of Liangjiang as the richest of the eight. Certain provinces were not governed by any regional viceroys. These included the provinces of Shanxi, Shandong and Henan.

Besides the regional viceroys, there were also special types of viceroys, such as Viceroy of Southern Rivers and Viceroy of Eastern Rivers, who were in charge of waterways.

### Early Qing dynasty

The Qing dynasty effectively inherited the late Ming system, wherein viceroys combined both military and civilian powers over one or more provinces. While the regularly-appointed Ming viceroys were concentrated on the northern border, against the military threat of the Mongols and Manchus, the Qing dynasty extended the system into other regions in China as well.

The early ruler of Qing dynasty (1644 AD to 1912 AD) basically followed the system of Ming dynasty and established stable provincial boundaries. They created 18 provinces and two or three of them formed the jurisdiction of a viceroy. Unlike Ming, viceroys in Qing dynasty were created according to the military expansion progress (Guy, R, 2010). In 1649, the 5th year of Shunzhi emperor, the viceroy of Zhili was established to strengthen their control to both Zhili, Shandong and Henan. In the meantime, due to the remain threat of Ming dynasty from southwest China, Hong Chengchou was assigned to be the viceroy of Yungui, Huguang and Liangguang, in his term of office, he massacred many people who refused to bend knees to Qing dynasty, additionally, the last emperor of Southern Ming dynasty, Yongli emperor Zhu Youlang, was cast into Myanmar and finally be executed by Pingxi Prince Wu Sangui. After Qing eliminating the remain of Ming dynasty on mainland China, the central government wanted to reduce their power of the Three Feudatories. The viceroy of Yungui, Gan Wenkun, was arranged to take Pingxi Prince Wu Sangui down but was captured and killed when Wu Sangui announced his rebellion to Qing along with other two princes, the Revolt of the Three Feudatories began. After Qing suppresses Wu's rebellion, Kangxi emperor finally tries to take the other remainder of Ming, the Kingdom of Tungning, the viceroy of Minzhe Yao Qisheng and General Shilang finished the task in 1683, the 22nd year of Kangxi emperor (Peterson, Willard J., 2016).

### Late Qing dynasty

In 1840, after the viceroy of Liangguang, Lin Zexu eliminated opium imported to China by British businessmen. The British Council declared war to China and the Opium War broke out. After centuries of locking boundaries and officers' unwilling to promote navy's force. Qing's navy failed to Confront with the British steam warship and British army marched towards Nanjing and forced the viceroy of Liangjiang Keying to sign Treaty of Nanking, in this treaty, Qing paid six million silver dollars to Britain, open other four trading points and ceding Hong Kong to Britain (Fairbank, John K., and Kwang-Ching Liu, 1980). Due to the defeat of the first Opium war, conflict between Manchu and Han and population of Qing dynasty has reached its peak, leading to the increase of the Taiping Rebellion based on Christian belief in the year 1850.

At the beginning, the corrupt Green Standard Army and Eight Banners cannot fight against the leader of the rebellion Hong Xiuquan and also cannot stop Hong from forming Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. To cope with the rebellion, the Qing government assigned Zeng Guofan as the viceroy of Liangjiang and trained a new army, Xiang army, to help them, in the meantime, it is the first time that the number of Han viceroys exceeds that from Manchu, shows the fall of Qing's central power (Fairbank, Jokn King, 1978). Zuo Zongtang, another founder of Xiang army, together with Zeng Guoquan, the younger brother of Zeng Guofan and the viceroy of Liangjiang finally took the capital of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Nanjing and captured Hong Tianguifu, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's adolescent emperor son of Hong Xiuquan, putting an end to the uprising (Michael and Zhang, 1971). After that, in 1868, Zuo was assigned to be the viceroy of Shaan Gan and put down another rebellion in North China, the Nian rebellion. During the 1870s, Zuo led 120,000 Xiang army, equipped with many advanced weapons, to crush the Muslim rebels in the northeast of China. In 1878, Zuo Zongtang marched to Xinjiang to take down Yakub Beg's rebel and expel Russian intruder from Ili city. Nevertheless, Zuo was also one of the founders of Western Affairs Movement, He built the Fuzhou Naval College and Mawei Arsenal in Fuzhou to learn western advanced equipment when he was the viceroy of MinZhe. According to Fairbank&Jokn King (1978), another founder of Western Affairs Movement is the viceroy of Zhili, Li Hongzhang, who created Huai army to support the role of Qing government during the Taiping rebellion he was also the student of Zeng Guofan.

In 1886, after the Sino-French War, he realized the necessity to train a powerful army and fleet to support Qing dynasty, due to this he created Beiyang Fleet the strongest fleet in East Asia. Eight years after, in order to protect Qing's tributary state Korea from the invasion of Japan, Qing declare war to Japan, Li was chosen to lead army to defend Korea. However, because of the corruption in Qing dynasty and the inherent defects of feudal system Qing lost the war and Li had to sign the treaty of Shimonoseki. In this treaty, Qing was to pay Japan 200 million taels (8,000,000 kg (18,000,000 lb)) of silver as war reparations and ceded LiaoDong Peninsula, Taiwan and its affiliated islands and PengHu islands (Rowe, 2012). Due to his loss, Li was demoted as the viceroy of Liang Guang. In the 1900s, when army of eight foreign countries marched Beijing, the Han viceroys of southeast China remain neutral and still protest against the Empress Dowager (New York Times, 1900). To negotiate with these foreigners, Li Hongzhang was arranged to be the principal Chinese negotiator to sign the Xin Chou Treaty (Boxer Protocol). During the First Sino-Japanese War, the Empress Dowager Cixi found general Yuan Shikai faithful to the royal family. In the Wuxu Reform, yuan was the first one to protect Empress Dowager Cixi and arrest reform's chief Tan Sitong, Liang Qichao and others and finally executed six of them. After all this events, Yuan finally replaced Li Hongzhang as the viceroy of ZhiLi after Li died in 1901.

In the early 1900s, as Fairbank & Jokn King (1978) cited, Yuan was asked to form a new army Beiyang army to protect Qing dynasty, which was regarded as the largest and best trained army in China (Schillinger, Nicolas 2016). According to Busky (2002), Yuan was relieved of all his posts and retired to his homeland in 1908, before his retirement he was recognised as the most powerful man in China (Douglas Story, 1907). In 1904, the viceroy of Liangjiang, Zhang Zhidong, planned to build the yellow river conservancy by himself and cast aside the central government (New York Times, 1904). The decadent of the central government power became more obvious in the late Qing dynasty, when the Wuchang uprising took place on October 11, 1911, Beiyang army refused to follow Qing government's order but asking Yuan's return. Yuan believed time was on his side, so he rejected court's order many times until he was satisfied. When he finally agreed to suppress rebellion, almost half of China was out of control of Qing's rule, realizing this situation, Yuan arranged for the abdication of the child emperor Puyi in return for being granted the position of President of the Republic of China.

## Further reading

* Mayers, William Frederick. *The Chinese Government: A Manual of Chinese Titles, Categorically Arranged and Explained, with an Appendix.* 3rd edition revised by G.M.H. Playfair ed. Shanghai: Kelly & Walsh, 1897; reprint, Taipei: Ch'eng-Wen Pub. Co., 1966.


title: Midnight Express (EP)

abstract: Midnight Express is the fifth release by Gyroscope and was released 2 May 2003. It is their first release on the Festival/Mushroom label. The EP was recorded at Perth, Western Australia's Studio Couch with producer Shaun O'Callaghan at the helm. Many fans of the older style sound that Gyroscope had back then refer to this EP and the following double a-side single "Driving for the Storm / Doctor Doctor" as being the pinnacle / high point of their career so far. In 2003 Bombshellzine.com’s readers voted Gyroscope as 'Best Australian Live Band', ‘Best Australian Breakthrough Act’ and Midnight Express as 'Most Popular EP'. Following the release of Midnight Express the band undertook a national tour in support of 28 Days. Midnight Express peaked at No. 179 on the ARIA Singles Chart and No. 27 on the Western Australian Singles Charts. "Midnight Express" was featured on the 2003 WAMi compilation CD, Kiss My WAMi 2003. Later that year the band received three WAMi nominations for 'Most Popular Local Original Act', 'Most Popular Local Original Indie Rock Act' and 'Most Popular Original Guitarist'. The music video for "Fire Away" and "Midnight Express" were produced by Matt Weston, with the video for "Fire Away" filmed at Melbourne's Spencer Street railway station.

text:
# Midnight Express (EP)

***Midnight Express*** is the fifth release by Gyroscope and was released 2 May 2003. It is their first release on the Festival/Mushroom label. The EP was recorded at Perth, Western Australia's Studio Couch with producer Shaun O'Callaghan (Eskimo Joe, John Butler Trio) at the helm. Many fans of the older style sound that Gyroscope had back then refer to this EP and the following double a-side single "Driving for the Storm / Doctor Doctor" as being the pinnacle / high point of their career so far. In 2003 Bombshellzine.com’s readers voted Gyroscope as 'Best Australian Live Band', ‘Best Australian Breakthrough Act’ and *Midnight Express* as 'Most Popular EP'. Following the release of *Midnight Express* the band undertook a national tour in support of 28 Days.

*Midnight Express* peaked at No. 179 on the ARIA Singles Chart and No. 27 on the Western Australian Singles Charts.

"Midnight Express" was featured on the 2003 WAMi compilation CD, *Kiss My WAMi 2003*. Later that year the band received three WAMi nominations for 'Most Popular Local Original Act', 'Most Popular Local Original Indie Rock Act' and 'Most Popular Original Guitarist' (Zoran Trivic).

The music video for "Fire Away" and "Midnight Express" were produced by Matt Weston (The Nation Blue), with the video for "Fire Away" filmed at Melbourne's Spencer Street railway station.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "The Lesser Me" | D. Sanders, Z. Trivic, R. Nassif, B. Campbell | 1:50 |
| 2. | "Fire Away" | D. Sanders, Z. Trivic, R. Nassif, B. Campbell | 3:04 |
| 3. | "Midnight Express" | D. Sanders, Z. Trivic, R. Nassif, B. Campbell | 3:30 |
| 4. | "Sharp Words" | D. Sanders, Z. Trivic, R. Nassif, B. Campbell | 4:03 |
| 5. | "I Wish I Did When I Didn't" | D. Sanders, Z. Trivic, R. Nassif, B. Campbell | 3:28 |
| 6. | "Chapter 13" | D. Sanders, Z. Trivic, R. Nassif, B. Campbell | 2:41 |

## InfoBox

| Midnight Express EP | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Gyroscope | |
| Released | 2 May 2003 |
| Genre | Post-grunge |
| Length | 18:36 |
| Label | Festival/Mushroom |
| Gyroscope chronology | |
| *Take Time*
(2002) ***Midnight Express EP***
(2003) *Driving for the Storm / Doctor Doctor*
(2003) | |


title: Police Athletic League of New York City

abstract: The Police Athletic League (PAL) is an independent, nonprofit youth development agency in New York City. PAL is funded by a combination of private donations and public funding sources and is a designated charity of the New York City Police Department (NYPD). Robert M. Morgenthau, the late former New York County District Attorney, served as Chairman of the Board of Directors beginning in 1963. PAL is open to all New York City children.

text:
# Police Athletic League of New York City

The **Police Athletic League** (PAL) is an independent, nonprofit youth development agency in New York City. PAL is funded by a combination of private donations and public funding sources and is a designated charity of the New York City Police Department (NYPD). Robert M. Morgenthau, the late former New York County District Attorney, served as Chairman of the Board of Directors beginning in 1963. PAL is open to all New York City children.

## History

The historical relationship between PAL and the NYPD is the result of a more than a century-old working relationship between law enforcement officials and civilian leaders. PAL was co-founded in 1914 by NYPD Police Commissioner Arthur Woods, who began Play Streets, and NYPD Police Captain John Sweeney, the founder of the Junior Police Clubs in Manhattan's Lower East Side. By 1917, the program was operating in 32 NYPD precincts.

The two programs were eventually combined to become the Police Athletic League of New York City. From 1914 to 1959, PAL was led by high-ranking NYPD officials. Since 1960, PAL has been managed by civilian Executive Directors, who have continued the tradition of cops helping kids helping communities.

## Programs and services

PAL offers a variety of services to city kids confronted by high risk factors in the neighborhoods with higher crime rates. Key programs include Head Start, After-School, Play Streets, Summer Day Camps, Truancy Prevention, Youthlink (family court probation supervision), Cops and Kids Sports, Summer Youth Employment, and Junior Police. Kids in grades K to 8 are served by a three-part after-school curriculum—PAL SMARTS, PAL ARTS and PAL FIT—that reinforces daily school lessons and academic achievement.

PAL works with NYPD to install Play Street sites on city streets, parks and schoolyards; these sites offer structured and adult-supervised activities like stickball, basketball, double Dutch, dance, board games and art projects. Play Streets are free of charge weekdays for seven weeks each summer. In addition, PAL operates Summer Day Camps for children grades K to 8, which provide activities such as literacy activities, arts projects, community service, sports and recreation and a citywide Cultural Day event.

PAL provides organized co-ed sports leagues for 14,000 New York City children, who are involved in sports such as basketball, flag football, baseball, volleyball and softball. Furthermore, over 825 NYPD officers and 2,500 PAL kids play on Cops & Kids sports teams, which are intended to create mutual respect between cops and kids.

PAL operates Mobile Teen Centers in neighborhoods that have requested PAL's presence. PAL also provides Evening Teen programs at its regular full-time centers. provide sports, recreation, life skills rap sessions, and crime prevention workshops. The organization operates two workforce development programs—Summer Youth Employment and In-School Training & Employment Program, where teenagers can receive volunteer internships and summer jobs. There is also a Juvenile Justice and Re-Entry Services Program to addresses New York City's high school dropout rate.

PAL Head Start programs serve 470 children, ages 3–5, with education, social services, health, mental health, nutrition and parental involvement. PAL Daycare serves another 390 children, ages 2–5. The programs are staffed with Early Education professionals who provide early learning experiences for the children coupled with dance and music programs, as well as provide meals to the kids.

## Relationship with NYPD

The NYPD and PAL identify neighborhoods where PAL designs programs that will have the greatest impact on the safety and development of kids. Police Commissioner William J. Bratton serves as Honorary President of the Board of Directors and is personally involved in PAL special events. Police Officers from NYPD Community Affairs work in tandem with PAL staff to develop and oversee community and recreational events and sports leagues. Junior Police Clubs are sponsored by NYPD officers who attend club meetings and lead community outings. These Clubs are a way for youths to learn volunteer community service, civic engagement and good citizenship.

## Results

PAL has a strong research and evaluation initiative anchored by PALTRAX Software and PALSTAT that conducts biannual evaluations of programs and centers. This information is used to identify assets and risks and gauge program effectiveness. According to one study on the effect of PAL, 100% of high school seniors enrolled in In-School Training and Employment Program graduated on time and 90% went on to enroll in college. For younger kids in PAL SMARTS classes, 97% who started with the real fear of being sent back a grade were, instead, promoted to the next grade.

## InfoBox

Police Athletic League, Inc.
|
|  |
| Founded | 1914 |
| Focus | Youth development for inner-city children and teenagers |
| Location |  |
| Area served | Brooklyn, Bronx, Queens, Manhattan, Staten Island |
| Method | Donations |
| Key people | Frederick J. Watts, Executive Director |
| Website | www.palnyc.org |


title: Victor Wesley

abstract: Victor Wesley is a Scottish-born American dancer. He is a three-time Highland Dance World Champion, winning at the Cowal Highland Gathering in Dunoon, Scotland, in 1968, 1969, and 1972. He studied under James Jamieson at the Academy of the Dance on 14th Street in Wilmington, Delaware, which was co-founded in 1956 by Helene Antonova & James Jamieson. He eventually became Director of the Academy. For many years he produced and directed the Academy's celebrated annual productions of Tschaikovsky’s "The Nutcracker Ballet" at Wilmington's Dupont Theater. Audiences especially enjoyed Wesley's comedic talent showcased in his portrayal of Grandmother in these performances. In February 2008, due to illness, Wesley retired from teaching, closed the Academy's original location, and returned to Scotland.

text:
# Victor Wesley

**Victor Wesley** (born 1948 in Glasgow) is a Scottish-born American dancer. He is a three-time Highland Dance World Champion, winning at the Cowal Highland Gathering in Dunoon, Scotland, in 1968, 1969, and 1972.

He studied under James Jamieson at the Academy of the Dance on 14th Street in Wilmington, Delaware, which was co-founded in 1956 by Helene Antonova & James Jamieson. He eventually became Director of the Academy. For many years he produced and directed the Academy's celebrated annual productions of Tschaikovsky’s "The Nutcracker Ballet" at Wilmington's Dupont Theater (formerly the Playhouse). Audiences especially enjoyed Wesley's comedic talent showcased in his portrayal of Grandmother in these performances.

In February 2008, due to illness, Wesley retired from teaching, closed the Academy's original location, and returned to Scotland.

1. Highland Highlights by: Loraine Ritchey
2. British Association of Teachers of Dancing - Adult World Highland Dancing Championship


title: Yafforth

abstract: Yafforth is a village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England about 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Northallerton. The village lies on the B6271 road between Northallerton and the village of Scorton. The parish had a population of 174 in the 2011 census. The River Wiske passes to the east of the village. Romanby Golf Course is situated between Yafforth and the village of Romanby.

text:
# Yafforth

**Yafforth** is a village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England about 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Northallerton. The village lies on the B6271 road between Northallerton and the village of Scorton. The parish had a population of 174 in the 2011 census.

The River Wiske passes to the east of the village. Romanby Golf Course is situated between Yafforth and the village of Romanby.

## History

It is thought that the name Yafforth is derived from Ea-ford, meaning the ford in the river.

Yafforth was mentioned in the Domesday Book as a berewick in the royal manor of Northallerton. To the north of the village lies a notable mound called Howe Hill, It is a Norman motte probably built during the reign of King Stephen. Today it still stands 15 feet (4.6 m) high and retains some of its ditch and the counter scarp bank. Its position suggests that it was built to defend the River Wiske. Records suggest that it was disused by 1198.

Yafforth was historically a manor in the ancient parish of Danby Wiske. Yafforth All Saints' Church was built in 1208 and extensively rebuilt in 1870. It was a chapel of ease to Danby Wiske. Yafforth also had a Methodist chapel which closed in 1966.

Yafforth became a separate civil parish in 1866.

Yafforth school opened in 1868 and closed in 1952, the school building still stands in the middle of the village.

Yafforth once had two shops, three brickyards, and a pub. The pub was named after a horse named Reveller, winner of the 1818 St Leger Stakes classic at Doncaster. The pub closed in the late 1990s and is now a residential property. The only reminder of its name is the Reveller Mews across the road.

Media related to Yafforth at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Yafforth | |
| --- | --- |
| All Saints' Church | |
| YafforthLocation within North Yorkshire | |
| Population | 174 (2011 census) |
| OS grid reference | SE342945 |
| Civil parish | * Yafforth |
| Unitary authority |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | NORTHALLERTON |
| Postcode district | DL7 |
| Dialling code | 01609 |
|  | |
| Police | North Yorkshire |
| Fire | North Yorkshire |
| Ambulance | Yorkshire |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Waldmeister

abstract: Waldmeister (Woodruff) is an operetta written by Johann Strauss II to a libretto by Gustav Davis. It was first performed on 4 December 1895 at the Theater an der Wien. Although not as popular as some of Strauss' other operettas, such as Der Zigeunerbaron and Die Fledermaus, it was given eighty-eight performances, and was much admired by Johannes Brahms, a friend of the composer.

text:
# Waldmeister

***Waldmeister*** (*Woodruff*) is an operetta written by Johann Strauss II to a libretto by Gustav Davis. It was first performed on 4 December 1895 at the Theater an der Wien. Although not as popular as some of Strauss' other operettas, such as *Der Zigeunerbaron* and *Die Fledermaus*, it was given eighty-eight performances, and was much admired by Johannes Brahms, a friend of the composer.

## Roles

Roles, voice types, premiere cast
| Role | Voice type | Premiere cast, 4 December 1895<br>Conductor: Johann Strauss II |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Christof Heffele, chief Amtmann | baritone | Ehrenfried Kernreuther |
| Malwine, his wife | contralto | Johanna Frey |
| Freda, their daughter | soprano | Julie Kopacsy-Karczag |
| Tymoleon von Gerius, forest intendant | tenor | Karl Streitmann |
| Pauline, singer from the Dresden Opera | soprano | Marie Ottmann |
| Erasmus Friedrich Müller, professor of botany | tenor | Alexander Girardi |
| Jeanne, friend of Pauline | soprano | Therese Biedermann |
| Botho von Wendt, young aristocrat | tenor | Josef Josephi |

## Synopsis

**Overture**

### Act 1

*The inside of a mill in the forest*

The apprentice foresters are on a hunting trip to the mill in the forest with the singer Pauline and her friends when they are surprised by the rain and get completely drenched. They are given dry clothes by the miller boys and maids of foreman Martin for a good price. Professor Müller, who is applying for a job at the forest academy and botanizing in the forest, is also driven into the mill by the rain. He meets the cute Jeanne, Pauline's travel companion, whom he likes and who, like everything that interests him, takes photographs of, because he always has his small photographic apparatus with him. He also is given dry clothes by Martin, namely the work clothes of the miller, who is in town and is only expected back in the evening. Gerius' strict master forester Tymoleon followed the apprentice foresters who undertook the trip without his permission and wants to surprise them here. Pauline, in the miller's dress, saves the apprentices by coquettishly captivating Tymoleon and tempting him to kiss her. Müller conscientiously takes photos of this, and the apprentices take the opportunity of making fun of their superior's kissing. Tymoleon is very embarrassed. He feels immoral cause he fancies Freda, the daughter of the district captain Heffele, who is just as pretty as she is rich. He therefore turns a blind eye and talks with Professor Müller, whom he thinks to be the miller.

### Act 2

*Scene 1: Veranda in the Pauline's country house*

Mayor Heffele and City Mayor Danner come to Pauline to tell her that she and her friend are free to leave because their cleavage-revealing clothes cannot be tolerated in their moral city. Although they smile at the singer in her light tennis costume, they still threaten to arrest her if she continues. Pauline joins forces with the apprentice foresters, who are invited to the office of the captain to betray Tymoleon to Freda in the evening.

*Scene 2: Salon at Heffele's*

Heffele finds a bush of woodruff coloured black by ink, and believes to have discovered a new species, black woodruff. That is why he invited the botanist Professor Müller in the first place, to confirm his discovery. Müller discovers the servant Sebastian painting new woodruff with ink, but promises to remain silent, and Heffele relieves him of the agony of having to drink linden blossom tea, which Ms. Heffele offers all guests as the healthiest drink. A large bowl is already ready. But Heffele shows the professor where he hid his Moselle wine. – The engagement to Tymoleon is not to Freda's taste. She loves the apprentice forester Botho von Wendt. Botho has appeared with his friends, hands over a bunch of woodruff to everyone, and manages to talk to Freda, to assure them of their love. Tymoleon wants to object, but Pauline, who appears in the miller's clothes, is there first. She throws herself around Tymoleon's neck and explains that the miller sent her away because she kissed the master forester. Now she would like to get a divorce and marry Tymoleon. This is the greatest embarrassment and forces the professor to introduce Pauline as his wife. With the help of the apprentices, Müller pours out the linden blossom tea and brews a punch bowl from Heffele's Moselle wine and Freda's woodruff's bouquet. Malwine offers her guests her healing tea, they drink, and the May wine does its job. You drink a little and your senses start to get confused; and so Tymoleon gets around a discovery because he doesn't notice that he's led by Pauline and the apprentices.

### Act 3

*Garden room in Heffele's house*

The next morning everything is in a good mood. Tymoleon is happy that the professor is not the miller, he is happy that Pauline is not the miller, but the well-known singer. He gives Müller the job, says goodbye to Freda because she loves Botho, and will start courting Pauline, who has recently flirted with him. Müller fancies Jeanne, and Mr. and Mrs. Heffele give their daughter Freda to Botho in view of Tymoleon's resignation. Since Ms. Heffele has doubts about her invention, the professor shows her the picture he took the day before. The black was ink. There is no black woodruff. And linden blossom tea usually has a different effect than the previous night. The potion was made from woodruff!

The world premiere recording was released by the classical label Naxos in 2021 on a double CD (8.660489-90) with the Sofia Philharmonic Chorus and Orchestra conducted by Dario Salvi, with an international cast of singers.

Works based on *Waldmeister*:


title: Miklós Faludi

abstract: Miklós Faludi was the artistic director of the Comedy Theatre of Budapest and the founder of the Hunnia Biograph Company through which he financed and oversaw the development of the first purpose-built film studio in Hungary.

text:
# Miklós Faludi

**Miklós Faludi** (3 February 1870 – 1 February 1942) was the artistic director of the Comedy Theatre of Budapest and the founder of the Hunnia Biograph Company through which he financed and oversaw the development of the first purpose-built film studio in Hungary.

## Biography

Miklós Faludi was born Miklós Mózes Waltersdorf in Devecser, Hungary, on 3 February 1870. His parents were Gábor Faludi, a successful businessman who founded the famous Comedy Theatre of Budapest in 1896, and Josefin Lővy. After completing his secondary school studies, Miklós worked as a bank clerk in London, England after which he moved to France, where he met his wife Marie Combe. In 1896 he returned to Budapest and became the secretary of the Népszínház (Folk Theatre).

In 1901, he joined his father Gábor and brothers Jenő and Sándor in the management of the Comedy Theatre as the artistic director and dramaturge, a role which he would retain until 1921. Faludi's experiences in Western Europe as a young man, along with his ability to speak English, French, and German, allowed him to translate and stage popular plays from across the continent including David Belasco's Madame Butterfly.

In 1911, Faludi founded the Hunnia Biograph Company and personally oversaw the construction of the first film studio in Budapest, located in Pannonia Street. The company produced a number of films until it ceased operations in 1913. In his later years, he worked as an artistic director at the Belvárosi Theatre until his retirement in 1939. Faludi died in Budapest on 1 February 1942 and was buried at Kerepesi Cemetery.

* Faludi Miklós; mek.oszk.hu\]
* Bárdi Ödön: *A régi Vígszínház* (Bp., 1957)
* Hunyady Sándor: *A Vígszínház 40 éve* (Bp., 1936)
* Szi. Kellér Andor: *Bal négyes páholy* (r., Bp., 1960)


abstract: The 1930 Mestaruussarja season was the first completed season of Finnish Football Championship played in a league format, known locally as the Mestaruussarja, ‘Championship Series’. Prior to this, from 1908 to 1929, the championship had been decided in a cup competition, which was NOT called the Finnish Cup.

text:
# 1930 Mestaruussarja – Finnish League Championship

The **1930 Mestaruussarja season** was the first completed season of Finnish Football Championship played in a league format, known locally as the Mestaruussarja, ‘Championship Series’. Prior to this, from 1908 to 1929, the championship had been decided in a cup competition, which was *NOT* called the Finnish Cup.

## Overview

The **1930 Mestaruussarja** was contested by 8 teams, with HIFK Helsinki claiming the inaugural championship, which was also known as the A-sarja, by winning a tiebreaker match with the scoreline of 4–1 over TPS Turku. Stjärnan Helsinki and ÅIFK Turku were relegated to the second tier, which was known as the B-sarja.

## Participating clubs

HIFK Helsinki
HSP Helsinki
StjärnanKIF HelsinkiViPS ViipuriÅIFK Turku
TPS TurkuVPS Vaasaclass=notpageimage|Location of teams in **1930 Mestaruussarja**

In 1930, there were 8 participants in the Mestaruussarja:

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | HIFK Helsinki(O) (C) | 7 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 22 | 7 | +15 | 12 | Finnish Champions |
| 2 | TPS Turku (O) | 7 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 25 | 12 | +13 | 12 | Participated in championship replay |
| 3 | HPS Helsinki | 7 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 26 | 17 | +9 | 9 |  |
| 4 | ViPS Viipuri | 7 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 20 | 16 | +4 | | 7 |
| 5 | VPS Vaasa | 7 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 23 | 27 | 4 | | 7 |
| 6 | KIF Helsinki | 7 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 17 | 18 | 1 | | 6 |
| 7 | Stjärnan Helsinki (R) | 7 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 9 | 35 | 26 | 2 | Relegated to Suomensarja |
| 8 | ÅIFK Turku (R) | 7 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 9 | 19 | 10 | | 1 |

Source: rsssf.com
(O) Play-off winners; (R) Relegated
Notes:

## Results

| Home \ Away | HFK | HPS | KIF | STJ | TPS | VVI | VPS | ÅIF |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| HIFK |  |  | 4–0 | 8–1 | 1–1 |  |  |  |
| HPS | 1–3 |  | 3–2 | 5–2 |  |  |  | 2–1 |
| KIF |  |  |  | 4–0 | 3–3 |  | 4–4 |  |
| Stjärnan |  |  |  |  |  | 0–5 |  | 1–1 |
| TPS |  | 3–2 |  | 9–2 |  |  | 3–2 | 1–0 |
| ViPS | 1–2 | 4–4 | 1–0 |  | 2–5 |  |  |  |
| VPS | 2–2 | 2–9 |  | 3–3 |  | 5–3 |  | 5–3 |
| ÅIFK | 1–2 |  | 3–4 |  |  | 0–4 |  |  |

Source:
Legend: Blue = home team win; Yellow = draw; Red = away team win.

## Members of the HIFK champions’ team

## Footnotes

1. "Finland - List of League First Level Tables - rsssf.org". *Heikki Pietarinen - RSSSF*. Retrieved 2012-07-05.
* *Jalkapallon pikkujättiläinen* (‘The Little Giant Book of Finnish Football’).

## InfoBox

Mestaruussarja
| Season | 1930 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | HIFK Helsinki (1st title) |
| Relegated | Stjärnan Helsinki
ÅIFK Turku |
| Matches played | 56 |
| Goals scored | 151 (2.7 per match) |
| Top goalscorer | Holger Salin, HIFK Helsinki
Olof Strömsten, KIF Helsinki (9) |
| 1931 | |


title: True's vole

abstract:
True's vole is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae.
It is found in India and Pakistan.

text:
# True's vole

**True's vole** (***Hyperacrius fertilis***) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in India and Pakistan.

* Musser, G. G. and M. D. Carleton. 2005. Superfamily Muroidea. pp. 894–1531 *in* Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.

## InfoBox

| True's vole | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Rodentia |
| Family: | Cricetidae |
| Subfamily: | Arvicolinae |
| Genus: | *Hyperacrius* |
| Species: | ***H. fertilis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hyperacrius fertilis***
(F. W. True, 1894) | |
|


title: Warren Saunders

abstract: Warren Joseph Saunders was an Australian cricketer. A batsman and occasional wicket-keeper, he played 35 first-class matches for New South Wales between 1955–56 and 1964–65. Although Saunders was a consistent scorer for New South Wales, he never scored a century. In January 1964, he top-scored in both innings against Victoria, making 87 and 98. He retired from first-class cricket during the 1964–65 season to concentrate on his insurance business. However, he continued to play for St George in Sydney Grade Cricket, reaching 10,000 runs for the club in 1971–72. Saunders died on 1 March 2023, at the age of 88.

text:
# Warren Saunders

**Warren Joseph Saunders** (18 July 1934 – 1 March 2023) was an Australian cricketer. A batsman and occasional wicket-keeper, he played 35 first-class matches for New South Wales between 1955–56 and 1964–65.

Although Saunders was a consistent scorer for New South Wales, he never scored a century. In January 1964, he top-scored in both innings against Victoria, making 87 and 98. He retired from first-class cricket during the 1964–65 season to concentrate on his insurance business. However, he continued to play for St George in Sydney Grade Cricket, reaching 10,000 runs for the club in 1971–72.

Saunders died on 1 March 2023, at the age of 88.

## InfoBox

Warren Saunders
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Warren Joseph Saunders |
| Born | (1934-07-18)18 July 1934
Arncliffe, New South Wales, Australia |
| Died | 1 March 2023(2023-03-01) (aged 88)
New South Wales, Australia |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Role | Batsman, occasional wicket-keeper |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1955/56–1964/65 | New South Wales |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class  Matches 35  Runs scored 1,701  Batting average 32.71  100s/50s 0/11  Top score 98  Balls bowled 16  Wickets 0  Bowling average   5 wickets in innings   10 wickets in match   Best bowling   Catches/stumpings 19/1 | |
|  | |
| Source: ESPNcricinfo, 9 October 2021 | |


title: Masahiko Katsuya

abstract: Masahiko Katsuya was a Japanese columnist, photographer, and pundit. After failing the entrance exams for the University of Tokyo and the University of Tsukuba, Katsuya entered Waseda University in 1980. He started working for an editor of Bungeishunjū after graduating from the University in 1985. On July 2, 2017, he was a candidate in the 2017 Hyōgo gubernatorial election, but was defeated by incumbent Toshizō Ido who won his fifth term.

text:
# Masahiko Katsuya

**Masahiko Katsuya** (勝谷 誠彦, *Katsuya Masahiko*, December 6, 1960 – November 28, 2018 in Amagasaki, Hyōgo) was a Japanese columnist, photographer, and pundit. After failing the entrance exams for the University of Tokyo and the University of Tsukuba, Katsuya entered Waseda University in 1980. He started working for an editor of Bungeishunjū after graduating from the University in 1985.

On July 2, 2017, he was a candidate in the 2017 Hyōgo gubernatorial election, but was defeated by incumbent Toshizō Ido who won his fifth term.

## Death

He died of alcoholic hepatitis on November 28, 2018.


abstract: The Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck Cartoon Collections was a series of Disney videos compiling cartoon shorts produced between 1936 and 1954. It was a Disney attempt at releasing its stable of cartoon shorts to video under their own label, after their DiscoVision experiment. The discs were released in 1981 and 1982, two years before Disney unveiled The Disney Channel and two years also before they released Walt Disney Cartoon Classics. There were three videos released in all, each with six shorts. Each of the six shorts presented included two cartoons each starring Mickey Mouse, two each starring Pluto and two each starring Donald Duck. There were no cartoons that starred Goofy. Other patterns seemed to include at least one 1930s Mickey short each and one short each placing Donald opposite Chip 'n' Dale. Many of the presented shorts were reissued on later Disney releases on video and DVD. Outside the United States, a similar line titled Cartoon Festival was released in Europe, Australia and Japan.

text:
# Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck Cartoon Collections

***The Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck Cartoon Collections*** was a series of Disney videos compiling cartoon shorts produced between 1936 and 1954. It was a Disney attempt at releasing its stable of cartoon shorts to video under their own label, after their DiscoVision experiment. The discs were released in 1981 and 1982, two years before Disney unveiled The Disney Channel and two years also before they released Walt Disney Cartoon Classics.

There were three videos released in all, each with six shorts. Each of the six shorts presented included two cartoons each starring Mickey Mouse, two each starring Pluto and two each starring Donald Duck. There were no cartoons that starred Goofy (the only time Goofy appeared in a cartoon was if he costarred alongside Mickey and/or Donald). Other patterns seemed to include at least one 1930s Mickey short each and one short each placing Donald opposite Chip 'n' Dale. Many of the presented shorts were reissued on later Disney releases on video and DVD.

Outside the United States, a similar line titled *Cartoon Festival* was released in Europe, Australia and Japan.

### Volume One

The Laserdisc version of Volume 1 also includes the shorts that were on the VHS and beta version of Volume 2.

### Volume Two (VHS and Beta)

* *Society Dog Show* (1939) (reissued on "Walt Disney Cartoon Classics: Starring Pluto and Fifi" in 1987)
* *Pluto's Sweater* (1949)
* *Donald Applecore* (1952) (reissued on "Walt Disney Cartoon Classics: Starring Chip 'n' Dale" in 1987)
* *The Little Whirlwind* (1941) (reissued on "Walt Disney Cartoon Classics: Starring Mickey and Minnie" in 1987)
* *Pluto's Blue Note* (1947) (reissued on "Walt Disney Cartoon Classics: Starring Pluto and Fifi" in 1987)
* *Donald's Diary* (1954) (reissued on "Walt Disney Cartoon Classics: Starring Donald and Daisy" in 1987)

### Volume Two (Laserdisc)

### Volume Three

* *Boat Builders* (1938) (Reissued on "Walt Disney Cartoon Classics: Mickey and the Gang" in 1989)
* *Pluto's Quin-puplets* (1937) (reissued on "Walt Disney Cartoon Classics: Starring Pluto and Fifi" in 1987)
* *Chef Donald* (1941)
* *Moose Hunters* (1937) (reissued on "Walt Disney Cartoon Classics: Mickey and the Gang" in 1989)
* *Lend a Paw* (1941)
* *Working For Peanuts* (1953) (reissued on "Walt Disney Cartoon Classics: Starring Chip 'n' Dale" in 1987)


title: Gazeran

abstract: Gazeran is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.

text:
# Gazeran

**Gazeran** (French: \[gazʁɑ̃\] ) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.

## InfoBox

| Gazeran | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The town hall in Gazeran | |
|  | |
| Location of Gazeran | |
| GazeranGazeran | |
| Coordinates: 48°38′05″N 1°46′28″E / 48.6347°N 1.7744°E / 48.6347; 1.7744 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Île-de-France |
| Department | Yvelines |
| Arrondissement | Rambouillet |
| Canton | Rambouillet |
| Intercommunality | CA Rambouillet Territoires |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Emmanuel Salignat |
| Area**1** | 25.80 km2 (9.96 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 1,288 |
| Density | 50/km2 (130/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 78269 /78125 |
| Elevation | 131–171 m (430–561 ft)
(avg. 162 m or 531 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Masamitsu Ichiguchi

abstract: Masamitsu Ichiguchi Masamitsu Ichiguchi is a retired Japanese wrestler. He competed in the Greco-Roman bantamweight event at the 1960 and 1964 Olympics and finished in seventh and first place, respectively. Earlier in 1962 he won the world championships and Asian Games in the same event.

text:
# Masamitsu Ichiguchi

**Masamitsu Ichiguchi** (市口 政光, *Ichiguchi Masamitsu*, born January 12, 1940) is a retired Japanese wrestler. He competed in the Greco-Roman bantamweight event at the 1960 and 1964 Olympics and finished in seventh and first place, respectively. Earlier in 1962 he won the world championships and Asian Games in the same event.

## InfoBox

Masamitsu Ichiguchi
| Masamitsu Ichiguchi (top) at the 1960 Olympics | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1940-01-12) January 12, 1940<br>Osaka, Japan |
| Height | 1.61 m (5 ft 3 in) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Greco-Roman wrestling |
| Medal record      Men's Greco-Roman wrestling  Representing  Japan  Olympic Games  1964 Tokyo  57 kg  World Championships  1962 Toledo  57 kg  Asian Games  1962 Jakarta  57 kg | |


title: Xenosoma oratesina

abstract: Xenosoma oratesina is a moth in the subfamily Arctiinae first described by Paul Dognin in 1916. It is found in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.

text:
# Xenosoma oratesina

***Xenosoma oratesina*** is a moth in the subfamily Arctiinae first described by Paul Dognin in 1916. It is found in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia (Vincent & Laguerre, 2014).

## InfoBox

| *Xenosoma oratesina* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Subtribe: | Pericopina |
| Genus: | *Xenosoma* |
| Species: | ***X. oratesina*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Xenosoma oratesina***<br>Dognin, 1916 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Xenosoma progonum* Hering, 1925 | |


title: Millennium Volunteers

abstract: Millennium Volunteers is a youth volunteering initiative in the UK, set up with public funding, and aimed at people aged between 14 and 24. The programme works to engage young people in a variety of volunteering opportunities, providing recognition through certificates and awards up to 200 hours. Originally operating across the UK, Millennium Volunteers is now only available in Northern Ireland and Wales, it was replaced in England in 2008 by vInspired and in Scotland in 2012 by the Saltire Award.

text:
# Millennium Volunteers

**Millennium Volunteers** (often abbreviated as ***MV***) is a youth volunteering initiative in the UK, set up with public funding, and aimed at people aged between 14 and 24. The programme works to engage young people in a variety of volunteering opportunities, providing recognition through certificates and awards up to 200 hours. Originally operating across the UK, Millennium Volunteers is now only available in Northern Ireland and Wales, it was replaced in England in 2008 by vInspired and in Scotland in 2012 by the Saltire Award.

## MV across the UK

In England, from 1 April 2007, the Millennium Volunteers scheme was taken over by the newly established charity 'v', who assumed management of the scheme, before replacing it in England with 'vinsipred' in January 2008.

In Scotland, MV was rebranded as 'The Saltire Awards' from April 2012. The Award is run by Volunteer Development Scotland (VDS) and includes a 500 hours award, which is not available in the rest of the UK.

In Wales, MV is run by the GwirVol initiative, the Welsh programme to encourage and promote youth volunteering, and from 2012 has been open to 14- to 25-year-olds. Organisations can apply for grants from GwirVol of up to £10,000 to run Millennium Volunteers programmes.

In Northern Ireland, the Millennium Volunteers programme is run by Volunteer Now, with the support of the Department of Education and the Youth Council for Northern Ireland. The programme is delivered through a network of charity, community and voluntary groups known as delivery partners, with young people taking part receiving certificates after completing 50, 100 and 200 hours of volunteering. As well as the main programme there is also a specific stream for volunteering in sport called GoldMark, and a Schools Award for second-level students.

Although the four countries of the UK now have their own version of MV, the Awards follow roughly the same principles and hours can be interchangeable between counties of the UK in some circumstances.

Millennium Volunteers were partnered with BTCV, a national charity whose resources were used to provide an MV service in some regions.

## The nine key principles

* Sustained personal commitment
* Community benefit
* Voluntary involvement
* Inclusive
* Ownership by young people
* Variety of opportunities
* Partnership
* Quality of volunteering opportunities
* Recognition of achievements

## Activities

Millennium Volunteers (MVs) can become involved with a wide variety of different activities, some examples include:

* helping to run a local scout troop
* working in a hospital
* creating a community garden
* conservation work
* classroom assistant in a school for disabled children
* sports leaders
* helping on trips with younger students
* Taking part in a Cadet program, Air Training Corps, Army Cadet Force, Sea Cadets

The only requirement was that the activity was unpaid, it benefited the community in some way and that the organisation hosting the volunteer agreed to the 9 Key Principles.

## Rewards

In the original MV programme, the organisation encouraged young people to work for the good of their community by offering two rewards that could be used as proof of the hard work they have done. The first reward was given on the completion of 100 hours of community work, and an Award of Excellence upon completion of 200 hours. An award for 200+hours was also available. The 200 hours Award was signed by a member of government - for instance, in Wales the Award of Excellence is signed by the First Minister of Wales.

There have been several developments to these arrangements. Wales and Northern Ireland introduced a 50 hours award in 2008 and then a special award for sports volunteering linked to the 2012 London Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2010–11. In Northern Ireland the sports award is called GoldMark and in Wales it is MV50 Sport. Additionally, in Scotland there is a 500 hours award available.

Following the creation of 'vinspired', V withdrew the 200 hours Award in England and introduced a 25 and 50 hours award instead and made the maximum award for 100 hours of volunteering.


title: Tristan (disambiguation)

abstract: Tristan is a Knight of the Round Table in Arthurian legend. Tristan may also refer to:

text:
# Tristan (disambiguation)

**Tristan** is a Knight of the Round Table in Arthurian legend.

**Tristan** may also refer to:

## Places

* Tristan (Guinea), the largest island in the Tristan and Capken Islands
* Tristan da Cunha, a British volcanic island and eponymous archipelago in the mid-south Atlantic, often shortened to "Tristan"
* Tristan Island or the Île Tristan, located at the mouth of the Pouldavid Estuary off the French port of Douarnenez in south-western Brittany
* Tristan hotspot, a volcanic hotspot which is responsible for the volcanic activity which forms the volcanoes in the southern Atlantic Ocean

## Literature

## Music

## Science and Technology

## Other uses


title: Warren East

abstract: David Warren Arthur East is a British businessman and engineer. He is a former chief executive officer (CEO) of Rolls-Royce Holdings, a leading UK-based engine manufacturer, and previously held senior positions at ARM Holdings and Texas Instruments.

text:
# Warren East

**David Warren Arthur East** (born 27 October 1961) is a British businessman and engineer. He is a former chief executive officer (CEO) of Rolls-Royce Holdings, a leading UK-based engine manufacturer, and previously held senior positions at ARM Holdings and Texas Instruments.

## Education

East attended Monmouth School and earned a bachelor's degree in engineering science from Wadham College, Oxford. He went on to earn a Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree from Cranfield School of Management at Cranfield University.

## Career

After eleven years with the chip maker Texas Instruments, East left in 1994 to join ARM Holdings, the British fabless manufacturing microprocessor design and software company. At ARM he established the company's consulting business.

East later became the vice-president of business operations at ARM. Within three years he was appointed to the board as chief operating officer. East was appointed the chief executive officer of ARM Holdings in October 2001. He moved on from ARM on 1 July 2013, and was succeeded by Simon Segars.

In 2014 East became a non-executive director of Rolls-Royce Holdings and chair of the board's technology committee. In April 2015 Rolls-Royce announced that East would succeed John Rishton as CEO, when Rishton retired on 2 July. East led Rolls-Royce through a turbulent period involving the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic impact on Global Aviation, increased pressure to transition to net zero, and in-service issues relating to the Trent 1000. After 7 years leading Rolls-Royce he retired from the company at the end of 2022.

In January 2020, Warren East was appointed to the board of ASML Holding.

In April 2024, East was appointed the Chair of NATS Holdings, a public-private partnership that provides air traffic control services to flights within the UK.

## Honours and awards

East was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2014 New Year Honours, for services to the technology industry. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering in 2007 and a distinguished fellow of the British Computer Society (DFBCS) in 2013. Also in 2013 he presented the Higginson Lecture at Durham University. In 2017 he became a fellow of the Royal Society. He is a companion of the Chartered Management Institute (CCMI). He was awarded an honorary degree by Loughborough University in 2023 for his leadership contributions in the field of engineering and science throughout his career.

## Personal life

East is married with three children and lives in Cambridgeshire. His wife, Amanda, is a fellow engineer. East enjoys sailing, cycling, skiing and mountain walking, and plays the organ at his local church.

## InfoBox

| Warren EastCBE FRS FREng FIET FBCS | |
| --- | --- |
| East in 2017 | |
| Born | (1961-10-27) 27 October 1961 |
| Nationality | British |
| Education | Monmouth School |
| Alma mater |  |
| Occupation | Chief executive officer |
| Employers |  |
| Spouse | Amanda East |
| Children | 3 |


title: Masahiko Kimura (bonsai artist)

abstract: Masahiko Kimura is a Japanese bonsai artist, born in Ōmiya-ku, Saitama on March 31, 1940.

text:
# Masahiko Kimura (bonsai artist)

**Masahiko Kimura** (木村 正彦, *Kimura Masahiko*, 1940-) is a Japanese bonsai artist, born in Ōmiya-ku, Saitama on March 31, 1940.

## Career

When Kimura was 11, his father died. Kimura wanted to be a rock and roll musician as a teenager, but at age 15, following the wishes of his mother, he started an apprenticeship at Toju-en Bonsai Garden, under master Motosuke Hamano. His apprenticeship lasted eleven years.

Nowadays, Kimura is regarded as a genius and innovator in the bonsai world. He specializes in shimpaku junipers. His trees are known for their intricate deadwood features and their harsh, stark features; this modern style is very demanding on trees, which must be dramatically bent and twisted. Within the bonsai community, he has become known as the "Magical Technician of *Kindai Shuppan*".

Kimura has done presentations and demonstrations around the world, and his work has appeared in numerous bonsai publications. He won the Prime Minister's Award for the years 1988, 1995, 2000, and 2001, and the Minister of Education Award in 1999. His past apprentices include Marco Invernizzi, Salvatore Liporace, Ernie Kuo, Marc Noelanders, Kawabe Takeo, and Ryan Neil.

### Published works

Katsuhito Onishi edited the Japanese texts *The Magical Technician of Kindai Shuppan* in 1982, *Part II* in 1984, and *Part III* in 1989. The English version, made up of *Part II* with some of *Part I*, was published as *The Bonsai Art of Kimura* by Stone Lantern Publishing Co. in 1992. *The Magician: the Bonsai Art of Kimura 2* was released in 2007 by Stone Lantern. A Spanish translation, *Masahiko Kimura: el técnico mágico del bonsai actual* was published in 1988 by Ediciones Tyris, S.A., His 9-video 4-hour "Kimura Master Class" course was made available by Bonsai Empire in 2020.

## InfoBox

| Masahiko Kimura | |
| --- | --- |
| A California juniper designed by Kimura, in the Bonsai Courts of the Huntington Library | |
| Born | 1940<br>Ōmiya-ku, Saitama, Japan |
| Known for | Bonsai |


title: Midas Marquez

abstract: Jose Midas Pascual Marquez is an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines since 2021, and was previously the ex-member of the Office of the Court Administrator and the Supreme Court spokesperson of the Philippines. Marquez holds the record of being the longest-serving SC Court Administrator. Marquez was included in the final shortlist of official nominees as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court by Judicial and Bar Council, with the recommendation of Chief Justice Gesmundo, before being passed to the President for the appointment.

text:
# Midas Marquez

**Jose Midas Pascual Marquez** (born February 16, 1966) is an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines since 2021, and was previously the ex-member of the Office of the Court Administrator and the Supreme Court spokesperson of the Philippines. Marquez holds the record of being the longest-serving SC Court Administrator. Marquez was included in the final shortlist of official nominees as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court by Judicial and Bar Council, with the recommendation of Chief Justice Gesmundo, before being passed to the President for the appointment.

## Early life and career

Marquez was born on February 16, 1966. He obtained his Bachelor of Arts in Economics in 1987 and Juris Doctor in 1993, both from the Ateneo de Manila University. Marquez graduated with a degree in law from the Ateneo de Manila University and became a member of the Philippine Bar in 1994. He was working with a position of Executive Assistant I at the age of 25, in his second year in law school.

## Supreme Court of the Philippines

President Rodrigo Duterte appointed Marquez as the 192nd associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines on September 27, 2021.

## Controversy

Presidential daughter and Davao City mayor Sara Duterte opposed his bid for a Supreme Court post back in 2018. She issued a statement saying the Supreme Court aspirant is trying to gain her favor through asking complainants and witnesses to withdraw the disbarment case filed against her for punching a sheriff during a demolition in 2011.

Marquez has also been cited as chiefly responsible for the filed quo warranto against Chief Justice Maria Lourdes Sereno.

## InfoBox

| Midas Marquez | |
| --- | --- |
| Marquez in December 2022 | |
|  | |
| Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
September 27, 2021 | |
| Appointed by | Rodrigo Duterte |
| Preceded by | Edgardo Delos Santos |
| 14th Court Administrator of the Supreme Court of the Philippines | |
| **In office**
January 10, 2009  September 27, 2021 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Jose Midas Pascual Marquez
(1966-02-16) February 16, 1966 |
| Alma mater | Ateneo de Manila University (AB, JD) |
|  | |


title: Gaylussite

abstract: Gaylussite is a carbonate mineral, a hydrated sodium calcium carbonate, formula Na2Ca(CO3)2·5H2O. It occurs as translucent, vitreous white to grey to yellow monoclinic prismatic crystals. It is an unstable mineral which dehydrates in dry air and decomposes in water.

text:
# Gaylussite

**Gaylussite** is a carbonate mineral, a hydrated sodium calcium carbonate, formula Na2Ca(CO3)2·5H2O. It occurs as translucent, vitreous white to grey to yellow monoclinic prismatic crystals. It is an unstable mineral which dehydrates in dry air and decomposes in water.

## Discovery and occurrence

It is formed as an evaporite from alkali lacustrine waters. It also occurs rarely as veinlets in alkalic igneous rocks. It was first described in 1826 for an occurrence in Lagunillas, Mérida, Venezuela. It was named for French chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (1778–1850).

The mineral has been recently (2014) reported from drill core in Lonar lake in Buldhana district, Maharashtra, India. Lonar lake was created by a meteor impact during the Pleistocene Epoch and it is one of only four known hyper-velocity impact craters in basaltic rock anywhere on Earth.

## InfoBox

| Gaylussite | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General | |
| Category | Carbonate mineral |
| Formula
(repeating unit) | Na2Ca(CO3)2·5H2O |
| IMA symbol | Gyl |
| Strunz classification | 5.CB.35 |
| Crystal system | Monoclinic |
| Crystal class | Prismatic (2/m)
(same H-M symbol) |
| Space group | *I2/a* |
| Identification | |
| Color | Colorless, white, yellow, and grey |
| Crystal habit | Tabular prismatic crystals also granular |
| Cleavage | perfect \[110\] |
| Fracture | Conchoidal, brittle |
| Mohs scale hardness | 2.5 |
| Luster | vitreous |
| Streak | white |
| Specific gravity | 1.93 – 1.99 |
| Optical properties | Biaxial (−) |
| Refractive index | nα = 1.444 nβ = 1.516 nγ = 1.523 |
| Birefringence | δ = 0.079 |
| Solubility | decomposes in water |
| Other characteristics | efflorescent |
| References |  |


title: Victor Malu Military Tribunal

abstract: Victor Malu Military Tribunal is a seven-man special military tribunal (SMT) commissioned by the administration of general Sani Abacha in the year 1997, headed by general Victor Malu, to investigate roles played by soldiers and civilians in the coup plot to overthrow general Abacha’s regime. The SMT was located in Jos Plateau, Plateau state Nigeria.

text:
# Victor Malu Military Tribunal

**Victor Malu Military** **Tribunal** is a seven-man special military tribunal (SMT) commissioned by the administration of general Sani Abacha in the year 1997, headed by general Victor Malu, to investigate roles played by soldiers and civilians in the coup plot to overthrow general Abacha’s regime. The SMT was located in Jos Plateau, Plateau state Nigeria.

## Overview

On 21 December 1997, General Sani Abacha constituted a SMT to carry out investigation into the allegation surrounding the alleged coup plot against his government. The plotters include former Deputy Head of State, Lieutenant Oladipo Diya, Major General Tunji Olanrewaju, Major General Abdulkareem Adisa, Daniel Akintonde, Edwin Jando, Peters Alinyode, Emmanuel Shode, Major Olusegun Fadipe, and Diya's political advisor, professor Femi Odekunle. The investigation started on 14 February 1998.

## Allegation of the coup plot

Eight top military officers led by former Deputy Head of State, Lieutenant General Oladipo Diya were arrested for plotting coup to topple the government of general Abacha. As a result of this scenario, the federal government of Nigeria (FGN) led by general Abacha commissioned a panel of a seven(7) military officers headed by general Malu.

## Outcome of the Special Military Tribunal

The SMT charged general Diya, five other soldiers and a civilian for treason. They were to be executed by firing squad Among the accomplice, four were sentenced to life imprisonment and the remaining three to stand 2–14 years behind bar.

## Reaction to the judgement

The judgment of death sentences issued by the SMT headed by general Malu attracted reactions from within and outside the country. Adisa Bakare, father of general Abdulkareem told journalist that "I beg General Sani Abacha to spare the lives of my son and others" In related development, the human right community led by National Democratic Coalition (NADECO) through Abraham Adesanya said "We are not convinced that they committed the offence for which they were found guilty," added Adesanya. "Judging by the past record of this government, with regards to Ken Saro Wiwa and others, it is a waste of time to plead. But God is higher than everybody.". Also, the Christian Association of Nigeria appealed to the government to spear the life of the convicts".


title: Yale Forum on Religion and Ecology

abstract: The Yale Forum on Religion and Ecology is a multireligious and interdisciplinary project founded in 1998 and based at Yale University since 2006. Since 2023, it has operated under the auspices of the Yale Center for Environmental Justice (YCEJ). In collaboration with other academics and environmentalists, it promotes the teaching and study of religion and ecology and highlights the activity of religious environmentalism around the globe. The Forum publishes books and articles, provides a monthly email newsletter, offers online Coursera courses, organizes conferences, and maintains a website emphasizing engaged scholarship and action for ecojustice.

text:
# Yale Forum on Religion and Ecology

The **Yale Forum on Religion and Ecology** is a multireligious and interdisciplinary project founded in 1998 and based at Yale University since 2006. Since 2023, it has operated under the auspices of the Yale Center for Environmental Justice (YCEJ). In collaboration with other academics and environmentalists, it promotes the teaching and study of religion and ecology and highlights the activity of religious environmentalism around the globe. The Forum publishes books and articles, provides a monthly email newsletter, offers online Coursera courses, organizes conferences, and maintains a website emphasizing engaged scholarship and action for ecojustice.

## Origins

From 1996 to 1998, Forum founders and directors Mary Evelyn Tucker and John Grim organized the Harvard Religions of the World and Ecology conference series of 10 conferences at the Harvard Center for the Study of World Religions.

The culminating conferences were convened in October 1998 at the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. A symposium and press conference was also held at the United Nations, at which the founding of the Forum on Religion and Ecology was publicly announced. As a result of the Harvard conferences, a series of books was published by the Harvard Center for the Study of World Religions from 1997 to 2004, with nine volumes available in English (the tenth, *Shinto and Ecology*, was released in Japanese).

The Forum is based on the work of 'geologian' and historian of religions Thomas Berry, known for his book *The Dream of the Earth*, originally published by Sierra Club Books. Tucker and Grim edited his published works, including *The Great Work*, *Sacred Universe*, *Evening Thoughts*, *Christian Future and the Fate of Earth*, and *Selected Writings on the Earth Community*. In addition, with Andrew Angyal they published *Thomas Berry: A Biography* (2019), the first biography of Berry. A series of rare audio recordings of Berry in conversation with evolutionary cosmologist Brian Thomas Swimme was released in October 2023. Titled “The Collected Thoughts of Thomas Berry,” these were made available in digital format for the first time in 2023 for the 25th anniversary of the Forum.

In conjunction with the Thomas Berry Foundation, the Forum also maintains a website dedicated to Berry's life work and legacy. Tucker and Grim also founded an archive of his papers at Harvard University in 1998, which his sister Margaret Berry developed, part of the Harvard Library Environmental Science and Public Policy Archives.

In the Winter 2022-2023 issue of *Columbia Magazine*, a comprehensive view of the field of religion and ecology was published, which featured in particular the work of the Forum and of the Center for Earth Ethics at Union Theological Seminary at Columbia University.

## Conferences

The Forum has hosted dozens of conferences around the world since the first Harvard conference in 1996, bringing together scholars of world religions, theologians, and ethicists with scientists, policymakers, environmentalists, and many more. Some of the most notable events include: Renewing Hope: Pathways of Religious Environmentalism; Living Cosmology: Christian Responses to Journey of the Universe; and Living Earth Community: Ways of Being and Knowing the World.

## Publications

The Forum and its founders have published many books and articles on the topic of religion and ecology over the past 25 years. Some of the highlights include: the ten volumes of the Harvard Religions of the World and Ecology series (Harvard CSWR/Harvard University Press, 1996–2001); the 2001 *Daedalus* volume, "Religion and Ecology: Can the Climate Change?"; the book *Ecology and Religion* (Island Press, 2014); "Integrating Ecology and Justice: the Papal Encyclical" (*Quarterly Review of Biology*, 2016); and *Routledge Handbook of Religion and Ecology* (Routledge, 2017). A full list of publications can be found on the Forum website.

## Online courses

The Forum has created two series of online courses, released through Yale University and the Coursera online learning platform.

In 2016, "Journey of the Universe: A Story for our Times" was released. This series contains 3 courses related to the Forum's sister project, the documentary film *Journey of the Universe*, and includes a class on Thomas Berry.

In 2022, "Religions and Ecology: Restoring the Earth Community" was released. This series includes 6 courses on religious traditions around the world and their relationship to the environment.

### *Journey of the Universe*

This 2011 documentary film and multimedia project, created by Brian Thomas Swimme and Mary Evelyn Tucker, was the winner of the 2012 Northern California Emmy Award for Best Documentary. The project also includes:

* *Journey of the Universe* book from Yale University Press, 2011
* *Journey Conversations*, a series of interviews for streaming and on DVD, expanding on the themes of the film.
* *Journey of the Universe: A Story for our Times* series of online courses from Yale University and the Coursera online learning platform

### Yale Center for Environmental Justice

In 2023, Tucker and Grim retired from teaching at Yale. At that time, the Forum entered into a new partnership with the Yale Center for Environmental Justice and now operates under the auspices of YCEJ. The Center, founded by environmental lawyer Gerald Torres, is a project of the Yale School of the Environment and Yale Law School, in partnership with the Yale College’s Center for the Study of Race, Indigeneity, and Transnational Migration.

### Thomas Berry Foundation

Dedicated to continuing the work of Thomas Berry, the Thomas Berry Foundation (in conjunction with the Forum) distributes his books and arranges for translations. It maintains a website and presents the Thomas Berry Award to those who have contributed significantly to the flourishing of the Earth community. It helped to create the Thomas Berry archive at Harvard. This collection is part of the Harvard Library Environmental Science and Public Policy Archives (ESPPA).

### Ecology and Justice book series

Since 1993, Forum directors Tucker and Grim have served as advisory board members for a collection of 28 volumes published by Orbis Books that bring together the themes of environmental justice with social justice.

### UNEP Faith for Earth

A division of the United Nations Environment Programme, the organization educates and informs about caring for the Earth and help them in working towards the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Forum announced a formal partnership with Faith for Earth in 2020. In September that year, UNEP's Faith for Earth Initiative, in collaboration with the Parliament of the World's Religions, United Religions Initiative, and Bhumi Global, released a report on the activities of faith-based environmental initiatives around the globe, as defined by the SDGs. In 2021, the project was expanded to include a living database of current and future projects and organizations, which is housed on the Forum's website.

### *Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology*

The first journal in this field, the Forum has supported *Worldviews* since its inception in 1996. Tucker and Grim have served as Associate Editors of the journal since its founding.

### Involvement with the Earth Charter

The Earth Charter is a collaborative document composed over a decade, involving many stakeholders around the planet. It provides an ethical framework for the interwoven principles of ecology, justice, and peace. Tucker served on the Earth Charter drafting committee (1997–2000) and the Earth Charter International Council (2000–2013).

### American Teilhard Association

Grim and Tucker served as president and vice-president of the American Teilhard Association for over 35 years. Both stepped down as officers in 2019. Thomas Berry served as President of the association from 1975 to 1986. French philosopher, paleontologist, and Jesuit priest, Pierre Teilhard deChardin (1881–1955), has been a major influence on the work of both Berry and the Forum.


title: Waitangi River (Whangarei District)

abstract: The Waitangi River is one of two so named in the Northland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows south then east from its origins in hills north of Whangārei, reaching the east coast at Ngunguru Bay, five kilometres south of Ngunguru.

text:
# Waitangi River (Whangarei District)

The **Waitangi River** is one of two so named in the Northland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows south then east from its origins in hills north of Whangārei, reaching the east coast at Ngunguru Bay, five kilometres south of Ngunguru.

"Place name detail: Waitangi River". *New Zealand Gazetteer*. New Zealand Geographic Board. Retrieved 12 July 2009.

## InfoBox

| Waitangi River | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Ngunguru Bay |
| coordinates | 35°40′00″S 174°30′32″E / 35.6667°S 174.5090°E / -35.6667; 174.5090 |
| Length | 15 km (9.3 mi) |


title: Milorad Kojić

abstract: Milorad Kojić is a Serbian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Dubočica.

text:
# Milorad Kojić

**Milorad Kojić** (Serbian Cyrillic: Милорад Којић; born 3 February 1999) is a Serbian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Dubočica.

## Club career

### Early years

Born in Niš, Milorad passed Železničar Niš and Radnički Niš youth categories. His official debut for Radnički Niš was in the 4 fixture match of the 2018–19 Serbian SuperLiga season against Voždovac, after Bulajić's injury in the 9th minute of the match, played on 11 August 2018.

## InfoBox

Milorad Kojić
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1999-02-03) 3 February 1999 | | |
| Place of birth | Niš, FR Yugoslavia | | |
| Height | 1.90 m (6 ft 3 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Dubočica | | |
| Number | 32 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 0000 | Železničar Niš | | |
| 0000–2018 | Radnički Niš | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2018–2022 | Radnički Niš | 13 | (0) |
| 2018 | → Jedinstvo Bošnjace (loan) | 14 | (0) |
| 2019 | Timočanin (loan) |  |  |
| 2020 | Radnički Pirot (loan) | 6 | (0) |
| 2022–2023 | IMT Beograd | 52 | (0) |
| 2023– | Dubočica | 5 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 17:51, 13 September 2023 (UTC) | | | |


title: 1932 Indiana gubernatorial election

abstract: The 1932 Indiana gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1932. Democratic nominee Paul V. McNutt defeated Republican nominee Raymond S. Springer with 55.02% of the vote.

text:
# 1932 Indiana gubernatorial election

The **1932 Indiana gubernatorial election** was held on November 8, 1932. Democratic nominee Paul V. McNutt defeated Republican nominee Raymond S. Springer with 55.02% of the vote.

## General election

### Candidates

**Major party candidates**

**Other candidates**

* Powers Hapgood, Socialist
* F. W. Lough, Prohibition
* Ward B. Hiner, Independent
* Theodore Luesse, Communist
* Charley Lynch, Socialist Labor

### Results

1932 Indiana gubernatorial election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Paul V. McNutt** | **862,127** | **55.02%** |  |
|  | Republican | Raymond S. Springer | 669,797 | 42.75% |  |
|  | Socialist | Powers Hapgood | 18,735 | 1.20% |  |
|  | Prohibition | F. W. Lough | 9,273 | 0.59% |  |
|  | Independent | Ward B. Hiner | 3,052 | 0.20% |  |
|  | Communist | Theodore Luesse | 2,129 | 0.14% |  |
|  | Socialist Labor | Charley Lynch | 1,796 | 0.12% |  |
| Majority | | | 192,330 |  |  |
| Turnout | | |  |  |  |
|  | Democratic **gain** from Republican | | Swing |  |  |

## InfoBox

1932 Indiana gubernatorial election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee **Paul V. McNutt** Raymond S. Springer   Party Democratic Republican  Popular vote **862,127** 669,797  Percentage **55.02%** 42.75% | |
| ---  County results
**McNutt**:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
**Springer**:      40–50%      50–60% | |
| ---  **Governor before election**
Harry G. Leslie
Republican **Elected Governor**
Paul V. McNutt
Democratic | |


title: Mesoteuthis

abstract: Mesoteuthis is a genus of belemnite, an extinct group of cephalopods.

text:
# Mesoteuthis

***Mesoteuthis*** is a genus of belemnite, an extinct group of cephalopods.

## Taxonomical history

A belemnite originally described as *Cylindroteuthis confessa* has been re-described as *Mesoteuthis soloniensis*.

1. Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera (Cephalopoda entry)". *Bulletins of American Paleontology*. **363**: 1–560. Retrieved 2009-04-10.

http://www.servinghistory.com/topics/Mesoteuthis

## InfoBox

| *Mesoteuthis*<br>Temporal range: Early Jurassic to Middle Jurassic, | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Cephalopoda |
| (unranked): | Belemnoidea |
| Genus: | ***Mesoteuthis*** |
|