title: Wayside cross

abstract: A wayside cross is a cross by a footpath, track or road, at an intersection, along the edge of a field or in a forest. It can be made of wood, stone or metal. Stone crosses may also be conciliation crosses. Often they serve as waymarks for walkers and pilgrims or designate dangerous places.

text:
# Wayside cross

A **wayside cross** is a cross by a footpath, track or road, at an intersection, along the edge of a field or in a forest. It can be made of wood, stone or metal. Stone crosses may also be conciliation crosses. Often they serve as waymarks for walkers and pilgrims or designate dangerous places.

## History

Wayside crosses spread mainly in the 17th century in Italy. Most of them were erected in previous centuries by the local population as a sign of their faith. Several of them were put up at places where an accident or a crime took place. The custom of placing an "accident cross" at spots on the roadside where people have been killed has, meanwhile, spread worldwide. Special forms of cross are the conciliation cross and the plague cross. Many wayside crosses, however, simply act as waymarks to indicate difficult or dangerous spots or to mark intersections. On walking maps, wayside crosses and shrines are displayed in order to aid orientation. On many crosses there is an inscription which may indicate why the cross was erected and by whom.

In some regions wayside crosses are mostly made of wood (e. g. in the Alps). They vary in size from small, inconspicuous crosses to great crosses hewn from stout beams. On many crosses, a skillfully carved figure of Jesus Christ is displayed. In many cases, when a wooden cross became rotten or dilapidated over the decades, it was restored or replaced with a new one on the same spot.

In many regions of Europe, wayside crosses are made of stone, and consequently last much longer. That said, many such stone crosses in the Rhineland region of Germany were lost during French occupation (1794–1814), because wayside crosses were banned in the wake of the strict secularisation that was imposed. Only a few crosses were able to be hidden by the local population and thus avoid destruction. Originally these stone crosses were short and stocky in shape and, with a height of about half a metre, considerably smaller than their wooden counterparts. In the 19th century (at least in the Rhineland) much larger stone crosses were put up.

By the North Loop of the Nürburgring racing circuit in Germany there was a centuries-old stone cross called the *Schwedenkreuz* ("Swedish Cross").

In 1594, the fortress city of Raab (present day Győr in Hungary) was recaptured from Ottoman Empire by Baron Adolf von Schwarzenberg. In commemoration, the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II decreed that crucifixes be set up on all the main roads and crossing points of the empire, bearing the inscription: "Praise and thanks to the Lord God". Some of those that survive in Austria and Germany are known as *Raaberkreuze* ("Raab cross") or *Türkenkreuz* ("Turk's cross").

In the UK a large number of medieval examples survive, rarely with a medieval cross, but often with an octagonal base and truncated or missing shaft. All are Grade II as listed buildings. They were used for travelers to pray at for a safe journey. There are two in Ashton Keynes, Wiltshire, one of which is beside the river Thames, presumably because it is a good route to Oxford and London. Two more medieval relics there are: a preaching cross and a central or market cross.

In Münsterland in north Germany, crosses called *Hofkreuze* ("farmyard crosses") may be found. They belong to farms and usually stand by a public right of way near the farm entrance. Votive crosses are erected by people in gratitude for being rescued from death, such as war, sickness, infection or other life-threatening danger. Other so-called "weather crosses" or "hail crosses" were set up to ward off natural disasters or extreme weather.

### Ancient crosses

### Crucifixes

### Crosses

## Literature

* Ruth Hacker-de Graaff: *Wegekreuze im Bonner Raum.* Bouvier, Bonn 1991, ISBN 3-416-80671-9 (also: Bonn, Univ., Diss., 1989/90).
* Andrea Löwer: *Kreuze am Straßenrand – Moderne Erinnerungsriten für Verkehrstote*, in: Der Tod. Zur Geschichte des Umgangs mit Sterben und Trauer. Ausstellungskatalog des Hessischen Landesmuseums Darmstadt, Volkskundliche Abteilung, ed. by Walter Stolle (Darmstadt 2001) ISBN 3-926527-60-9, pp. 166–171.
* Georg Jakob Meyer, Klaus Freckmann: *Wegekreuze und Bildstöcke in der Eifel, an der Mosel und im Hunsrück.* In: *Rheinisch-westfälische Zeitschrift für Volkskunde.* Vol. XXIII, 1977, pp. 226–278.
* Sigrid Metken (ed.): *Die letzte Reise. Sterben, Tod und Trauersitten in Oberbayern.* Hugendubel, München 1984, ISBN 3-88034-247-4.
* Paul Werner: *Flurdenkmale.* Pannonia-Verlag, Freilassing 1982, ISBN 3-7897-0107-6 (*Kleine Pannonia-Reihe* 107).


title: Nature Chemistry

abstract: Nature Chemistry is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Nature Portfolio. It was established in April 2009. The editor-in-chief is Stuart Cantrill. The journal covers all aspects of chemistry. Publishing formats include primary research articles, reviews, news, views, highlights of notable research from other journals, commentaries, book reviews, correspondence. Other formats are analysis of issues such as education, funding, policy, intellectual property, and the impact chemistry has on society.

text:
# Nature Chemistry

***Nature Chemistry*** is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Nature Portfolio. It was established in April 2009. The editor-in-chief is Stuart Cantrill. The journal covers all aspects of chemistry. Publishing formats include primary research articles, reviews, news, views, highlights of notable research from other journals, commentaries, book reviews, correspondence. Other formats are analysis of issues such as education, funding, policy, intellectual property, and the impact chemistry has on society.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:

According to the *Journal Citation Reports*, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 24.274.

## InfoBox

*Nature Chemistry*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Discipline | Chemistry |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Stuart Cantrill |
| Publication details | |
| History | 2009–present |
| Publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| Frequency | Monthly |
| Open access | Hybrid |
| Impact factor | 21.8 (2022) |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Nat. Chem.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| CODEN | NCAHBB |
| ISSN | 1755-4330 (print)
1755-4349 (web)
 |
| LCCN | 2009204055 |
| OCLC no. | 301715811 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Mount Pleasant, New South Wales

abstract: Mount Pleasant is a hilly suburb in the city of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia. It is situated on the northern flank of Mount Keira extending across to the Illawarra escarpment and is exclusively residential. It is home to the Rhododendron Park, found on Parrish Avenue. Mount Pleasant has a small local primary school Pleasant Heights Public School which has approximately 180 enrolled students. The suburb is locally notable for its commonly known Brokers Road which is amongst the steepest roads in New South Wales.

text:
# Mount Pleasant, New South Wales

**Mount Pleasant** is a hilly suburb in the city of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia. It is situated on the northern flank of Mount Keira extending across to the Illawarra escarpment and is exclusively residential. It is home to the Rhododendron Park, found on Parrish Avenue. Mount Pleasant has a small local primary school Pleasant Heights Public School which has approximately 180 enrolled students. The suburb is locally notable for its commonly known Brokers Road which is amongst the steepest roads in New South Wales.

## History

John Dingwall owned land in the Mount Pleasant area. He named it after another estate which belonged to him. The village of Mount Pleasant, located on the mountainside, developed after the opening of the Mount Pleasant mine in 1861. Mount Pleasant is a stable, quiet suburb which is economically non existent and few residential developments occur.

## Sport

During the 2022 World Championships cycling in Wollongong, Mount Pleasant was the main climb on the local tour of 17km, that was ridden several times during the race.

## InfoBox

| Mount Pleasant
Wollongong, New South Wales | |
| --- | --- |
| Mount Pleasant | |
| Coordinates | 34°23′44″S 150°52′01″E / 34.39569°S 150.86700°E / -34.39569; 150.86700 |
| Population | 1,397 (2021 census) |
| • Density | 2,790/km2 (7,200/sq mi) |
| Postcode(s) | 2519 |
| Elevation | 194 m (636 ft) |
| Area | 0.5 km2 (0.2 sq mi) |
| Location |  |
| LGA(s) | Wollongong |
| State electorate(s) | Keira |
| Federal division(s) | Cunningham |
| **Suburbs around Mount Pleasant:**  Balgownie Fairy Meadow  Mount Pleasant Mount Ousley  Mount Keira  Keiraville | |


title: Mount Kerckhove de Denterghem

abstract: Mount Kerckhove de Denterghem is a mountain, 2,400 metres (8,000 ft) high, just north of Mount Collard in the Belgica Mountains of Antarctica. It was discovered by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1957–58, under G. de Gerlache, who named it for Count Charles de Kerchove de Denterghem, a patron of the expedition.

text:
# Mount Kerckhove de Denterghem

**Mount Kerckhove de Denterghem** (72°37′S 31°8′E / 72.617°S 31.133°E / -72.617; 31.133) is a mountain, 2,400 metres (8,000 ft) high, just north of Mount Collard in the Belgica Mountains of Antarctica. It was discovered by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1957–58, under G. de Gerlache, who named it for Count Charles de Kerchove de Denterghem, a patron of the expedition.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Mount Kerckhove de Denterghem". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.


title: Noiseau

abstract: Noiseau is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 16.8 km (10.4 mi) from the center of Paris.

text:
# Noiseau

**Noiseau** (French pronunciation: \[nwazo\] ) is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 16.8 km (10.4 mi) from the center of Paris.

## Transport

Noiseau is served by no station of the Paris Métro, RER, or suburban rail network. The closest station to Noiseau is Sucy–Bonneuil station on Paris RER line A. This station is located in the neighboring commune of Sucy-en-Brie, 3.1 km (1.9 mi) from the town center of Noiseau.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 1,175 |  |
| 1975 | 1,809 | +6.36% |
| 1982 | 2,667 | +5.70% |
| 1990 | 2,831 | +0.75% |
| 1999 | 3,971 | +3.83% |
| 2007 | 4,375 | +1.22% |
| 2012 | 4,689 | +1.40% |
| 2017 | 4,651 | −0.16% |
| 2021 | 4,610 | −0.22% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## Education

The commune has two primary schools, École maternelle Albert Camus (preschool/nursery school) and École élémentaire Jean-Jaurès.

Secondary schools in nearby communes:

## InfoBox

| Noiseau | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Noiseau seen from the road to La Queue-en-Brie | |
|  | |
| Paris and inner ring departments | |
| Location of Noiseau | |
| NoiseauNoiseau | |
| Coordinates: 48°46′37″N 2°32′50″E / 48.7769°N 2.5472°E / 48.7769; 2.5472 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Île-de-France |
| Department | Val-de-Marne |
| Arrondissement | Nogent-sur-Marne |
| Canton | Plateau briard |
| Intercommunality | Grand Paris |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Yvan Femel |
| Area**1** | 4.49 km2 (1.73 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 4,610 |
| Density | 1,000/km2 (2,700/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 94053 /94880 |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: 1904 Horsham by-election

abstract: The 1904 Horsham by-election was held on 11 November 1904. This resulted in the election of the Conservative, Viscount Turnour who held the seat for the incumbent party.

text:
# 1904 Horsham by-election

The **1904 Horsham by-election** was held on 11 November 1904. This resulted in the election of the Conservative, Viscount Turnour who held the seat for the incumbent party.

## Electoral history

=n/a

General election 1900: Horsham
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **John Heywood Johnstone** | ***Unopposed*** | | |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | | | |

## Result

Horsham by-election, 1904
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Viscount Turnour** | **4,388** | **54.9** | ***N/A*** |
|  | Liberal | Lestocq Robert Erskine | 3,604 | 45.1 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 784 | 9.8 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | | 7,992 | 78.5 | *N/A* |
| Registered electors | | | 10,183 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing | *N/A* |  |

## Aftermath

General election 1906: Horsham
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Viscount Turnour** | **4,903** | **53.4** | **−1.5** |
|  | Liberal | Lestocq Robert Erskine | 4,286 | 46.6 | +1.5 |
| Majority | | | 617 | 6.8 | −3.0 |
| Turnout | | | 9,189 | 87.4 | +8.9 |
| Registered electors | | | 10,508 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing | -1.5 |  |

## InfoBox

1904 Horsham by-election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Candidate Turnour Erskine  Party Conservative Liberal  Popular vote **4,388** 3,604  Percentage **54.9%** 45.1% | |
| ---  **MP before election**
Johnstone
Conservative **Subsequent MP**
Viscount Turnour
Conservative | |


title: Neuenkirchen, Rügen

abstract: Neuenkirchen is a municipality in the Vorpommern-Rügen district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

text:
# Neuenkirchen, Rügen

**Neuenkirchen** is a municipality in the Vorpommern-Rügen district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

## History

Neuenkirchen is first mentioned in 1318 as *Nygenkerke*.

Until 1326, the village was part of the Principality of Rügen and, thereafter, the Duchy of Pomerania. Under the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, Rügen, and thus the region of Neuenkirchen, became part of Swedish Pomerania. In 1815, Neuenkirchen went to the Prussian Province of Pomerania as part of New Western Pomerania.

Since 1818, Neuenkirchen has been part of the county (*Landkreis* or *Kreis*) of Rügen. Only from 1952 to 1955 was it part of the so-called county of Bergen. From 1955 to 1990 it was part of the county (*Kreis*) of Rügen within the province of Rostock and, in 1990, also went into the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. The county (now a *Landkreis* again) of Rügen merged into the county of Vorpommern-Rügen in 2011.

## Sights

Media related to Neuenkirchen (Rügen) at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Neuenkirchen | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Church of Neuenkirchen on Rügen Island | |
| Location of Neuenkirchen within Vorpommern-Rügen district | |
| Neuenkirchen Neuenkirchen | |
| Coordinates: 54°32′39″N 13°19′53″E / 54.54417°N 13.33139°E / 54.54417; 13.33139 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Mecklenburg-Vorpommern |
| District | Vorpommern-Rügen |
| Municipal assoc. | West-Rügen |
| Subdivisions | 13 |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Dirk Rogge |
| Area | |
| Total | 22.87 km2 (8.83 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 3 m (10 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 279 |
| Density | 12/km2 (32/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 18569 |
| Dialling codes | 038309 |
| Vehicle registration | RÜG |


title: List of Sigma Pi members

text:
# List of Sigma Pi members

Following is a list of notable members of Sigma Pi.

## Founders

* **Rolin Roscoe James** – (October 16, 1879 – February 4, 1953) Graduated from Vincennes University in 1899 before earning his A.B. degree from Earlham College in 1902. Studied law at Harvard Law School before becoming an attorney.
* **James Thompson Kingsbury** – (January 8, 1877 to October 1, 1950) Graduated from Vincennes University in 1897 and received his law degree from the University of Illinois in 1902. Practiced law in Bisbee, Arizona.
* **William Raper Kennedy** – (November 22, 1877 – December 5, 1944) Graduated from Vincennes University in 1897 and served in the Spanish–American War. Was in almost continuous military service for the rest of his life, rising from private to lieutenant colonel. He was a member of the faculty at Culver Military Academy from 1905 to 1944.
* **George Martin Patterson** – (November 7, 1877 – April 7, 1960) Graduated from Vincennes University in 1897. Became the Deputy Recorder for Knox County, Indiana for six years before becoming a farmer.

## Arts and entertainment

| Name Original chapter Notability References  Keith Andes Kappa, Temple University Actor on stage, film, TV, and radio from 1932 to 1980.   Bobby Burgess Beta-Omicron, California State University, Long Beach Actor and Dancer on the TV-shows Mickey Mouse Club (the original series), The Lawrence Welk Show, and The Donna Reed Show.   Ronald Davidson Iota, University of California, Berkeley Screenwriter, Director, and Producer from 1937 to 1966.   Paschal English Alpha-Phi, University of Georgia Judge in the Georgia state courts and contestant on the fourth season of the TV show Survivor.   Ray Evans Gamma, Ohio State University Nationally distributed editorial cartoonist from 1910 to 1954.   Dudley Fisher Gamma, Ohio State University Syndicated newspaper cartoonist, best known for his character Myrtle who was featured in his strip Right Around Home which started in 1937.   Daniel Gerson Mu, Cornell University Screenwriter for TV and animated films from 1996 to 2015. He co-wrote the screen play for Big Hero 6 which won an Academy Award for Best Animated Feature in 2014.   Lewis Grizzard Alpha-Phi, University of Georgia Syndicated columnist for the *Atlanta Journal-Constitution*, author, and humorist.   Rich Herrera Zeta-Kappa, California State University Bakersfield Sports Radio personality.   Tracy Lawrence Epsilon-Kappa, Southern Arkansas University Country music star.   Sebastian Maniscalco Beta-Sigma, Northern Illinois University Comedian and actor   William Keepers Maxwell Jr. Phi, University of Illinois Fiction editor for The New Yorker magazine from 1936 to 1975. Also an award winning novelist and short story writer. Elected president of the National Institute of Arts and Letters in 1968.   John Milhiser Eta-Gamma, Hofstra University Comedian and cast member on Saturday Night Live during the 2013-2014 season.   Kevin Morris Mu, Cornell University Writer, producer, and agent.   Rick Rockwell Theta, Pennsylvania State University Comedian and speaker most known for being the millionaire on the TV show Who Wants to Marry a Millionaire.   Donald C. Simmons, Jr. Beta-Mu, University of Mississippi Author, college professor, coach, and minister.   Trevor White Mu, Cornell University Film producer, director, and writer. |  |
| --- | --- |

## Business

| Name Original chapter Notability References  Thomas Breitling Epsilon-Chi, University of San Diego Co-founder of Travelscape, casino executive, co-founder of Ultimate Poker and Ultimate Casino.   Mike Dee Nu, Franklin & Marshall College CEO of the Miami Dolphins from 2009 to 2013 and the San Diego Padres from 2013 to 2016.   George T. Felbeck Phi, University of Illinois President of Union Carbide from 1944 to 1962.   Lorenzo Fertitta Epsilon-Chi, University of San Diego Casino executive and owner of Ultimate Fighting Championship.   Herman Fisher Theta, Pennsylvania State University Co-founder of Fisher-Price.   Barry Weiss Mu, Cornell University Music Executive best known as an important force in the careers of Britney Spears, Backstreet Boys, 'N Sync, among numerous others   John Zimmer Mu, Cornell University Founder of Zimride and Lyft |  |
| --- | --- |

## Education

| Name Original chapter Notability References  Charles E. Bayless Gamma-Xi, West Virginia University Institute of Technology President of West Virginia Tech from 2005 to 2008 and former Regional Vice President for West Virginia University.   Isaac K. Beckes Alpha, Vincennes University President of Vincennes University from 1950 to 1980.   Warren E. Bow Phi, University of Illinois Second President of Wayne State University from 1942 to 1945.   J. Marvin Brown Pi, University of Utah Linguist notable for originating the Automatic Language Growth (ALG) approach to language teaching.   Lester J. Cappon Tau, University of Wisconsin History professor, documentary editor, and archivist for Colonial Williamsburg.   William George Carr Upsilon, UCLA Executive Secretary for the National Education Association from 1952 to 1967. General Secretary and President of the World Confederation of Organizations of the Teaching Profession from 1946 to 1972.   Garfield V. Cox Alpha-Theta, Beloit College Dean of the Booth School of Business at the University of Chicago from 1942 to 1952. One of the authors of the 1933 Chicago plan on banking reforms and one of the first to study the performance of experts to novices in forecasting stock prices.   Emile B. De Sauzé Delta, University of Pennsylvania and Kappa, Temple University Language educator credited with developing the conversational method of learning a language.   Lacey Eastburn Beta-Iota, Northern Arizona University Tenth President of Northern Arizona University from 1947 to 1957.   William Hazell, Jr. Alpha-Mu, New Jersey Institute of Technology Fifth President of the New Jersey Institute of Technology from 1970 to 1975.   Robert Livingston Johnson Kappa, Temple University Third President of Temple University from 1941 to 1959. Helped to develop the United States Information Agency in 1953. President of the National Civil Service League in the 1930s.   Herbert E. Longenecker Theta, Pennsylvania State University Eleventh President of Tulane University from 1960 to 1975.   Ralph Munn Gamma, Ohio State University Eminent figure in the field of American and international library and information science. Recognized by the journal American Libraries as one of "100 of the most important leaders we had in the 20th century".   Thomas J. Parmley Pi, University of Utah Physics professor at the University of Utah from 1930 to 1980.   Max Rafferty Upsilon, UCLA 22nd California Superintendent of Public Instruction from 1963 to 1971. Author of several books on educational philosophy, including *Practice and Trends in School Administration* (1961), *Suffer, Little Children* (1962), *What They Are Doing to Your Children* (1964), and *Max Rafferty on Education* (1968). His newspaper column, "Dr. Max Rafferty", was syndicated nationally.   George D. Stoddard Theta, Pennsylvania State University Tenth President of the University of Illinois (1946-1953) and President of the University of the State of New York (1942-1946). Attendee at the first UNESCO meeting and advisor to General Douglas MacAurthur on rebuilding the Japanese educational system.   Richard J. Stonesifer Nu, Franklin & Marshall College Fifth President of Monmouth University from 1971 to 1979.   Robert Van Houten Alpha-Mu, New Jersey Institute of Technology Fourth President of the New Jersey Institute of Technology from 1947 to 1970.   J. Lawrence Walkup Beta-Iota, Northern Arizona University Eleventh President of Northern Arizona University from 1957 to 1979.   John Philip Wernette Upsilon, UCLA Eighth President of the University of New Mexico from 1945 to 1948. |  |
| --- | --- |

## Government and law

### National

#### Legislators

| Name Original chapter Notability References  Michael Bilirakis Chi, University of Pittsburgh Member of the United States House of Representatives from January 3, 1983 to January 3, 2007.   Frank T. Bow Zeta, Ohio Northern University Member of the United States House of Representatives from January 3, 1951 to November 13, 1972.   Chris Collins Rho, North Carolina State University Member of the United States House of Representatives since 2013. County Executive of Erie County, New York from 2007 to 2011.   Bill Harsha Lambda, Kenyon College Member of the United States House of Representatives from January 3, 1961 to January 3, 1981.   David W. Hopkins Xi, University of Iowa Member of the United States House of Representatives from 1928 to 1932.   Edwin L. Mechem Beta-Xi, New Mexico State University Three term Governor of the State of New Mexico, U.S. Senator from 1962 to 1964, and U.S. Federal Judge from 1970 to 1982.   Carlton Mobley Alpha-Epsilon, Mercer University One of the ten youngest members ever of the U.S. House of Representatives when he was elected in 1932. Lt. Commander in the U.S. Navy during World War II. Georgia Supreme Court Justice from 1954 to 1974.   John T. Myers Beta-Gamma, Eastern Illinois University Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1967 to 1997.   William I. Troutman Nu, Franklin & Marshall College Member of the US House of Representatives from 1942 to 1945. Last representative to serve Pennsylvania's at-large congressional district. Member of the Pennsylvania State Senate. |  |
| --- | --- |

#### Judges

| Name Original chapter Notability References  Morris S. Arnold Alpha-Sigma, University of Arkansas U.S. Federal Judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals Eighth Circuit from 1992 to 2006. Judge on the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review from 2008 to 2013.   Andrew J. Guilford Upsilon, University of California, Los Angeles United States district judge for the Central District of California since 2006.   Girard Edward Kalbfleisch Zeta, Ohio Northern University U.S. Federal Judge on the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio from 1959 to 1970.   George W. Latimer Pi, University of Utah Original member of the U.S. Court of Military Appeals from 1951 to 1961, member of the Utah Supreme Court from 1946 to 1951, and represented Lt. William Calley Jr. during his court martial for the My Lai incident.   Clarence C. Newcomer Nu, Franklin & Marshall College U.S. Federal Judge for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania from 1971 to 1988. |  |
| --- | --- |

#### Ambassadors

| Name Original chapter Notability References  James R. Bullington Alpha-Delta, Auburn University United States Ambassador to Burundi from 1983 to 1986; Peace Corps Director, Country of Niger   Roger A. McGuire Alpha-Theta, Beloit College United States Ambassador to Guinea-Bissau from 1992 to 1995.   Robert C. Strong Alpha-Theta, Beloit College United States Ambassador to Iraq from 1963 to 1967.   Emory C. Swank Nu, Franklin & Marshall College United States Ambassador to Cambodia from 1970 to 1973. |  |
| --- | --- |

#### Appointees

| Name Original chapter Notability References  Michael E. Fryzel Beta Tau, Valparaiso University Chairman of the National Credit Union Administration from 2008 - 2009 and board member until 2014.   Gwynn Garnett Sigma, Iowa State University Administrator of the Foreign Agricultural Service from 1955 - 1958. Wrote the original draft of what would become the Food for Peace program.   Andrei Iancu Upssilon, UCLA Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office.   Hans Mark Iota, University of California, Berkeley United States Secretary of the Air Force from 1979 to 1981. Chancellor of the University of Texas from 1984 to 1992. |  |
| --- | --- |

### State/Provincial/Territorial

#### Governors

| Name Original chapter Notability References  Mike Beebe Alpha-Pi, Arkansas State University Attorney General from 2003 to 2007 and Governor of Arkansas from 2007 to 2015.   Harry G. Leslie Eta, Purdue University 33rd Governor of Indiana, serving from 1928 to 1932. |  |
| --- | --- |

#### Legislators

| Name Original chapter Notability References  Bill Bailey Gamma-Upsilon, Murray State University Member of the Indiana House of Representatives from 1990 to 2000 and mayor of Seymour, Indiana from 1983 to 1990.   James V. Carmichael Psi, Emory University Member of the Georgia General Assembly from 1935-1940. President of the Scripto pen company from 1947 to 1964.   Robert O. Davis Theta, Pennsylvania State University Member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1967 to 1974.   John R. Gregg Alpha, Vincennes University State representative in the Indiana House of Representatives from 1986–2002. Was the 85th and longest serving Democratic Speaker of the Indiana House from 1996–2002. Served as Minority leader for one term. Candidate of Democratic Party for Governor of Indiana in 2012 and 2016.   Ben F. Johnson Psi, Emory University Member of the Georgia State Senate from 1962 to 1969. Dean of the Emory University School of Law (1961 to 1973) and the Georgia State University College of Law (1981 to 1985).   George H. Kreeger Alpha-Phi, University of Georgia Member of the Georgia House of Representatives from 1969 to 1976 and a state judge from 1979 to 2012.   Tim Leslie Beta-Omicron, California State University, Long Beach Member of the California State Assembly from 1986 to 1991 and member of the California State Senate from 1991 to 2000.   Christian Miele Eta-Nu, Towson University Member of the Maryland House of Delegates since 2015.   James J. Rhoades Beta-Psi, East Stroudsburg University of Pennsylvania Member of the Pennsylvania State Senate from 1980 to 2008.   Thomas P. Sinnett Phi, University of Illinois Member of the Illinois House of Representatives from 1924 to 1938. Party Floor Leader from 1933 to 1934.   Roy A. Vitousek Iota, University of California, Berkeley Member of the Hawaii Territorial House of Representatives from 1922 to 1944. He served three terms as the Speaker of the Hawaii House.   Julian Webb Alpha-Epsilon, Mercer University Member of the Georgia State Senate from 1963 to 1974. Assistant Party Floor Leader in 1963 and Floor Leader in 1964. He was President Pro Tem from 1967 to 1969. Member of the Georgia Court of Appeals from 1974 to 1979.   Samuel J. Welsch Alpha-Epsilon, Mercer University Member of the Georgia House of Representatives from 1934 to 1938. Member of the Georgia State Senate from 1938 to 1944. Three term mayor of Marietta, Georgia. |  |
| --- | --- |

#### Judges

| Name Original chapter Notability References  Curtis Shake Alpha, Vincennes University Indiana jurist, politician, and 72nd Justice of the Indiana Supreme Court, and the presiding judge of the IG Farben trial, one of the Subsequent Nuremberg Trials   Harold L. Ervin Kappa, Temple University Judge on the Superior Court of Pennsylvania from 1954 to 1967. President Judge of the court from 1965 to 1967.   Robert L. Larson Xi, University of Iowa Member of the Iowa Supreme Court from 1953 to 1971, first permanent Chief Justice of the Iowa Supreme Court from 1959 to 1961, Attorney General of Iowa from 1947 to 1953.   Benjamin K. Miller Beta-Nu, Southern Illinois University Carbondale Member of the Illinois Supreme Court from 1984 to 2001. Chief Justice of the court from 1991 to 1994. |  |
| --- | --- |

#### Other offices

| Name Original chapter Notability References  Mark Brnovich Beta-Kappa, Arizona State University Attorney General of Arizona since 2015. |  |
| --- | --- |

### Local

#### Mayors

| Name Original chapter Notability References  Allan Pomeroy Alpha-Gamma, University of Washington Mayor of Seattle, Washington from 1952 to 1956.   Walter C. Sadler Alpha-Beta, University of Michigan Mayor of Ann Arbor, Michigan from 1937 to 1941. |  |
| --- | --- |

## Journalism

| Name Original chapter Notability References  Bernie Boston Beta-Phi, Rochester Institute of Technology Two time Pulitzer Prize nominated Photographer. Noted for taking the Flower Power photo and a photograph of Coretta Scott King unveiling the bust of Martin Luther King Jr. at the U.S. Capitol.   Frank Brookhouser Kappa, Temple University Journalist and author. Wrote the "A Man About Town" column for the *Philadelphia Evening Bulletin* from 1953 to 1975 and *The Philadelphia Inquirer* from 1939 to 1953.   W. M. Kiplinger Gamma, Ohio State University Founder of Kiplinger, a Washington, D.C.-based publisher of business forecasts and personal finance advice, available in print, on line, audio, video and software products.   Alex Mihailovich Eta-Rho, Carleton University Canadian television News Anchor and Reporter   James Reston Phi, University of Illinois VP, Executive Editor and Staff Member of *The New York Times*, Winner of the Pulitzer Prize in 1945 and 1957. He received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1986 and the Four Freedoms Award in 1991   Lewis Shollenberger Theta, Pennsylvania State University Television correspondent and producer from 1939 to 1966   Andrew Ross Sorkin Mu, Cornell University Reporter, Screenwriter, Author "Too Big To Fail, Co-Creator TV Show "Billions" |  |
| --- | --- |

## Military

| Name Original chapter Notability References  Ben Crum Foshee Alpha-Delta, Auburn University Member of the Flying Tigers during World War II.   Ray D. Free Pi, University of Utah Major general, United States Army Reserves; commander of the 96th United States Army Reserve Command (Gt. Douglas, UT) (1964-68); president, Reserve Officers Association (1969–70); member of the Utah House of Representatives (1979-89).   Theodore A. Heinrich Iota, University of California, Berkeley Lieutenant, United States Army; served on the staff of General Dwight Eisenhower during World War II before being transferred to the Monuments Men near the end of the war.   James E. Livingston Alpha-Delta, Auburn University Major general, United States Marine Corps, awarded the Medal of Honor for events happening in May 1968 in Vietnam. Also awarded the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, the Purple Heart and the Silver Star.   James M. Lyle  Alpha-Eta, The College of William and Mary Major general, US Army; commanding general, US Army Cadet Command   William R. Peers Upsilon, UCLA Lt. general, US Army; investigator, US Army War Crimes Investigation of the My Lai Incident of Vietnam; author of *The My Lai Incident*   James M. Seely Upsilon, UCLA Rear admiral, US Navy and acting Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Financial Management and Comptroller) from December 18, 1988 to January 1990.   George K. Sisler Alpha-Pi, Arkansas State University First lieutenant, posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for events in February 1967 in the Republic of Vietnam. Member of the 1st Special Forces |  |
| --- | --- |

## Other

| Name Original chapter Notability References  Jeff Arnett Epsilon-Tau, University of Tennessee at Martin Current master distiller at Jack Daniel's.   George E. Hargest Kappa, Temple University Noted philatelic named to the American Philatelic Society Hall of Fame. Editor of *The Chronicle of U.S. Classic Postal Issue* from 1963-1966. Author of *The History of Letter Post Communications Between the United States and Europe, 1845-1875*, published in 1971. Winner of the Crawford Medal in 1972 and the Luff Award in 1980.   John Thomas Taylor Kappa, Temple University Lobbyist for the American Legion from 1919 to 1950. Brigadier General in the U.S. Army. First brother to appear on the cover of *Time* magazine in 1935. |  |
| --- | --- |

## Religion

| Name Original chapter Notability References  The Rt. Rev. William Creighton DD Delta, University of Pennsylvania Fifth Episcopal Bishop of Washington, D.C., serving from 1962 to 1977. Navy chaplain during World War II. Participated in the funeral procession of the President John F. Kennedy.   The Rt. Rev. James P. deWolfe Lambda, Kenyon College Fourth Episcopal Bishop of Long Island, serving from 1942 to 1966.   The Rt. Rev. Earl Honaman Nu, Franklin & Marshall College Suffragan Episcopal Bishop of Central Pennsylvania from 1956 to 1969. Army chaplain during World War II, where he was awarded the Bronze Star.   The Rt. Rev. Arthur C. Lichtenberger Lambda, Kenyon College 21st presiding bishop of the Episcopal Church from 1958 to 1964. First Episcopal leader to meet with a pope in 1961. Had previously served as the Sixth Episcopal Bishop of Missouri from 1952 to 1959. Posthumously received the Founders Award from Sigma Pi fraternity in 2010.   The Rt. Rev. Donald MacAdie Lambda, Kenyon College Suffragan Episcopal Bishop of Newark from 1958 to 1963.   The Rt. Rev. Arthur R. McKinstry Lambda, Kenyon College Fifth Episcopal Bishop of Delaware, serving from 1939 to 1954. 1948 Lambeth Conference attendee. Officiated the marriage of Lyndon Johnson to Lady Bird Johnson.   The Rt. Rev. Philip McNairy Lambda, Kenyon College Sixth Episcopal Bishop of Minnesota, serving from 1971 to 1977.   The Rt. Rev. George R. Selway Lambda, Kenyon College Sixth Episcopal Bishop of Northern Michigan, serving from 1964 to 1972.   The Rev. Ted G. Stone Alpha-Nu, Wake Forest University Southern Baptist evangelist and recovered drug addict who walked across the United States multiple times to preach on addiction. |  |
| --- | --- |

## Science, technology and exploration

| Name Original chapter Notability References  Dr. Wilbur Davenport, PhD Alpha-Delta, Auburn University Early researcher into spread spectrum communication. M.I.T. professor and department head. Researcher at the Research Laboratory of Electronics and the Lincoln Lab.   Dr. Max Mapes Ellis, PhD Alpha, Vincennes University Explorer, Leader of the Gimbel Scientific Expedition to British Guiana in 1911. Early researcher in water pollution.   William D. Mensch Kappa, Temple University CEO of Western Design Center, Inc. and inventor of the microprocessor for the Apple II computer (the Motorola 6800 as well as the MOS 6502).   Benjamin F. Miessner Eta, Purdue University Engineer and inventor who built many electric musical instruments and pioneered aircraft radio.   Charles G. Overberger Theta, Pennsylvania State University President of the American Chemical Society and polymer researcher.   Dr. Gregory Poland, MD Epsilon-Gamma, Illinois Wesleyan University Director of the Mayo Clinic's Vaccine Research Group, editor-in-chief of the medical journal *Vaccine*. Named president of the U.S. Department of Defense's Health Defense Board in 2007.   Paul W. Richards Beta-Theta, Drexel University Astronaut, STS-102   R. Tom Sawyer Gamma, Ohio State University Inventor of the first successful gas turbine locomotive and assisted with the development of the diesel locomotive. The ASME's *R. Tom Sawyer Award* is named after him. \>  Capt. Walter Marty Schirra, Jr., USN  Alpha-Mu, New Jersey Institute of Technology Astronaut: Project Mercury, Project Gemini, and Project Apollo.   Dr. Chauncey Guy Suits, DS Tau, University of Wisconsin Co-founder of the National Academy of Engineering, Director of General Electric.   Dr. Maurice Cole Tanquary, PhD Alpha, Vincennes University Explorer with the Crocker Land Arctic Expedition in 1913 to North Greenland. Professor of entomology and a pioneer in modern beekeeping.   Dr. Lee Edward Travis, PhD Xi, University of Iowa Psychologist and father of American Speech pathology.   Dr. Horace M. Trent, PhD Alpha-Lambda, Mississippi State University Physicist best known for the discovery that a bullwhip's crack is actually a sonic boom and being the author of the currently accepted force-current analogy in physics known as the Trent analogy.   Arthur W. Turner Sigma, Iowa State President, American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers; Head Researcher, USDA   Luther S. West Mu, Cornell University Scientist-consultant, World Health Organization, United Nations; chief of Medical Entomology Section, Division of Parasitology, Army Medical School, Army Medical Center |  |
| --- | --- |

## Sports

### Baseball

| Name Original chapter Notability References  Mark Cresse Beta-Omicron, California State University, Long Beach Major League Baseball catcher with the Los Angeles Dodgers from 1974 to 1977. Bullpen coach for the Dodgers from 1977 to 1998.   Arthur Mansfield Tau, University of Wisconsin Coach of the Wisconsin Badgers baseball team from 1940 to 1970.   Jim Panther Beta-Nu, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale Major League Baseball pitcher with the Oakland Athletics, Texas Rangers, and the Atlanta Braves from 1971-73.   Glenn Redmon Alpha-Beta, University of Michigan Major League Baseball second baseman with the Atlanta Braves in 1974.   Tom Timmermann Beta-Nu, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale Professional baseball pitcher with the Detroit Tigers and Cleveland Indians from 1969 to 1974. |  |
| --- | --- |

### Basketball

| Name Original chapter Notability References  John C. Evans Phi, University of Illinois Coach of the Vermont Catamounts men's basketball team from 1940 to 1965. He was also head coach of the University of Vermont football team from 1940 to 1951.   Fletcher Lane Phi, University of Illinois Coach of the University of Illinois' men's basketball team for the 1907 to 1908 season.   James H. "Babe" McCarthy Alpha-Lambda, Mississippi State University College basketball head coach from 1955 to 1967. American Basketball Association head coach from 1967 to 1974. Four time Southeastern Conference coach of the Year. ABA coach of the year in 1974.   John P. Sabo Phi, University of Illinois Head coach of the University of Rochester's men's basketball team for the 1922 to 1923 season and for the University of Vermont's men's basketball team from 1934 to 1940.   Waldo Wegner Sigma, Iowa State University College Basketball All-American and Iowa State Hall of Famer from 1931 to 1935 |  |
| --- | --- |

### College Athletic Directors

| Name Original chapter Notability References  Frank Broyles Alpha-Sigma, University of Arkansas NCAA football player, coach (1958-76), broadcaster, and athletic director for the University of Arkansas (1974-2007).   Thomas Pinchkey Heard Alpha-Kappa, Louisiana State University Athletics Director for Louisiana State University from 1931 to 1954.   Jay Jacobs Alpha-Delta, Auburn University NCAA football player and current Athletics Director at Auburn University.   Guy "Red" Mackey Eta, Purdue University Legendary Boilermaker football player, three sport varsity letterman (football, basketball, track), Mackey served as athletic director of Purdue (1942–1971) for which he was honored as the namesake of Mackey Arena at Purdue University. |  |
| --- | --- |

### Football

| Name Original chapter Notability References  Ralph Baker Theta, Pennsylvania State University Linebacker for the New York Jets of the American Football League and the National Football League from 1964 to 1974. This included being a member of the Super Bowl III championship team.   Sherdrick Bonner Epsilon-Iota, California State University, Northridge Arena Football League quarterback (1993-2008) and coach (2011). 2012 inductee into the Arena Football League's Hall Of Fame.   Frank Bykowski Eta, Purdue University NFL player who was a guard for the Pittsburgh Steelers in 1940. He played for the Milwaukee Chiefs of the third American Football League in 1941.   Dana Carey Iota, University of California, Berkeley Professional football player in the first American Football League with the Los Angeles Wildcats in 1926.   Will Demps Alpha-Omega, San Diego State University NFL safety for the Houston Texans, Baltimore Ravens, and New York Giants from 2002 to 2008.   Earl Duvall Epsilon, Ohio University Professional football player in the National Football League with the Columbus Tigers from 1924 to 1926.   Rudy Feldman Upsilon, UCLA Head football coach of the University of New Mexico (1968-1973). National Football League coach (1974 to 1985) and executive (1987 to 1997).   Wayne Gift Eta, Purdue University NFL quarterback with the Cleveland Rams in 1937. Assistant coach in the All-America Football Conference with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947.   Jeff Gossett Beta-Gamma, Eastern Illinois University Professional football punter in the National Football League (1981-83 and 1985-96) and the United States Football League (1984-85).   Bob Haak Beta, Indiana University NFL Guard and Tackle for the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1939.   Joe Krakoski Phi, University of Illinois NFL defensive back for the Washington Redskins in 1961. Defensive back for the Oakland Raiders of the American Football League from 1962 to 1966.   Joe Laws Xi, University of Iowa NFL football player from 1934 to 1945. Won three NFL Championships with the Green Bay Packers where he spent his whole career. Inducted into the Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame in 1972.   William McAndrew Alpha, Vincennes University First and fourth head football coach for the Southern Illinois Salukis from 1913 to 1916 and from 1921 to 1938. He also coached SIU's basketball team. Namesake of McAndrew Stadium.   Jim McMillen Phi, University of Illinois NFL football player for the Chicago Bears from 1924 to 1933 where he played as a guard.   Michael Mendoza Beta-Iota, Northern Arizona University Quarterback for the Los Angeles Cobras of the Arena Football League in 1988.   Steven Montez Delta-Zeta, University of Colorado Quarterback for the Washington Football Team in 2020.   Vern Mullen Phi, University of Illinois NFL football player from 1923-27. Won the 1923 NFL Championship with the Canton Bulldogs. First brother to play in the NFL.   Fred Roberts Xi, University of Iowa NFL football guard for the 1930 - 1932 seasons with the Portsmouth Spartans.   Tony Romo Beta-Gamma, Eastern Illinois University Former quarterback of the Dallas Cowboys and current analyst for CBS.   Anthony Rubino Alpha-Nu, Wake Forest University Tackle with the Detroit Lions in 1943 and 1946.   Eddie Rucinski Beta, Indiana University NFL football player who played end from 1941-1946 for the Brooklyn Dodgers, Chicago Cardinals, and "Card-Pitt".   Frank Spaziani Theta. Pennsylvania State University Former NCAA football and baseball player. Former coach in the Canadian Football League. Former head football coach of Boston College and current Defensive coordinator for New Mexico State University.   Steve Suhey Theta, Pennsylvania State University NFL football player with the Pittsburgh Steelers from 1948-49.   Hugh Taylor Alpha-Pi, Arkansas State University Wide receiver for the Washington Redskins from 1947 to 1954 (holds Redskins' all-time scoring and pass-receiving records). Pro Bowl selection in 1952 and 1954. Arkansas State head coach from 1958 to 1959. Head coach of the Houston Oilers of the AFL in 1965.   Sam Willaman Gamma, Ohio State University Professional football player from 1915 to 1917 under the name "Sam Williams" for the Akron Indians and the Canton Bulldogs. College head football coach at Iowa State (1922-26), Ohio State (1928-33), and Western Reserve (1934). First brother to play professional football in what was then the Ohio League.   Clem Woltman Eta, Purdue University Tackle for the Philadelphia Eagles from 1938 to 1940.   Ken Zampese Epsilon-Chi, University of San Diego NFL coach. Currently the Offensive coordinator for the Cincinnati Bengals. |  |
| --- | --- |

### Olympics

| Name Original chapter Notability References  John Carenza Delta-Omega, Southern Illinois University-Edwardsville NCAA and professional soccer player. Member of the 1972 U.S. Olympic team. Played for the St. Louis Stars of the North American Soccer League from 1973 to 1977.   Arthur Cook Alpha-Chi, University of Maryland 1948 Olympic and 1949 World Championship Games Gold Medalist in smallbore rifle shooting. Member of the 1947 and 1949 championship college rifle team. 1982 University of Maryland Athletic Hall of Fame inductee.   Chester Newton Omega, Oregon State University 1924 Olympic Silver Medalist in featherweight wrestling. 1980 inductee into the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame. 1991 Oregon State University Athletic Hall of Fame inductee.   Stephen Peterson Alpha-Upsilon, University of Rhode Island Rower on the 1996 U.S. Olympic Team and gold medalist at the 1990 World Championships.   Richard Pew Mu, Cornell University Fencer on the 1956 U.S. Olympic Team.   Bill Spencer Pi University of Utah Biathlete on the 1964 and 1968 U.S. Olympic teams. |  |
| --- | --- |

### Others

| Name Original chapter Notability References  Fritz Bedford Alpha-Zeta, Saint Lawrence University Competitive swimmer in Masters swimming where he has held multiple U.S. and world records.   Elvin C. Drake Upsilon, UCLA NCAA cross-country runner. UCLA head sports trainer from 1942 to 1972. UCLA head track and field coach from 1947 to 1964, winning the NCAA championship in 1956. He coached decathletes Rafer Johnson and C. K. Yang during the 1960 Summer Olympics, in which they won the gold and silver medals.   Bill O'Neill Theta-Beta, Saginaw Valley State University Professional Bowler on the PBA Tour. PBA Rookie of the year in 2005-06. First person to be a two-time world champion in ten-pin bowling in 2010 and 2013.   Bob Perani Alpha-Zeta, Saint Lawrence University Goaltender for the Flint Generals and the Muskegon Mohawks of the International Hockey League from 1967 to 1974.   Frank Schmitz Beta-Nu, Southern Illinois University Carbondale Four time individual NCAA champion gymnast and a silver medalist at the 1965 Trampoline World Championships. |  |
| --- | --- |


title: VF-71

abstract: Fighter Squadron 71 or VF-71 was an aviation unit of the United States Navy. Originally established as Bombing Squadron 7 (VB-7) on 1 July 1939, it was redesignated as VF-71 on 5 November 1940 and disestablished on 7 January 1943. It was the first US Navy squadron to be designated as VF-71.

text:
# VF-71

**Fighter Squadron 71** or **VF-71** was an aviation unit of the United States Navy. Originally established as **Bombing Squadron 7 (VB-7)** on 1 July 1939, it was redesignated as VF-71 on 5 November 1940 and disestablished on 7 January 1943. It was the first US Navy squadron to be designated as VF-71.

## Operational history

VF-71 was deployed on board the USS *Wasp* and in April 1942 supported Operation Calendar to deliver Supermarine Spitfire fighter aircraft to Malta.

*Wasp* was transferred to the Pacific Fleet in June 1942 and supported the invasion of Guadalcanal in August 1942. Many of the squadron's aircraft were lost in the sinking of the *Wasp* on 15 September 1942. The squadron was then land-based at Palikulo Bay Airfield on Espiritu Santo, and some supplemented the defense of Guadalcanal as part of the Cactus Air Force. VF-71 scored seven kills before its disestablishment.

## InfoBox

| Fighter Squadron 71 | |
| --- | --- |
| VF-71 F4F-3 at NAS Norfolk in 1941 | |
| Active | 1 July 1939 – 7 January 1943 |
| Country | United States |
| Branch | United States Navy |
| Type | Fighter |
| Engagements | World War II |
| Aircraft flown | |
| Fighter | F4F-3 Wildcat |


title: Gmina Lipinki Łużyckie

abstract: Gmina Lipinki Łużyckie is a rural gmina in Żary County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. Its seat is the village of Lipinki Łużyckie, which lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) west of Żary and 48 km (30 mi) south-west of Zielona Góra. The gmina covers an area of 88.55 square kilometres (34.2 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 3,366.

text:
# Gmina Lipinki Łużyckie

**Gmina Lipinki Łużyckie** is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Żary County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. Its seat is the village of Lipinki Łużyckie, which lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) west of Żary and 48 km (30 mi) south-west of Zielona Góra.

The gmina covers an area of 88.55 square kilometres (34.2 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 3,366.

## Villages

Gmina Lipinki Łużyckie contains the villages and settlements of Boruszyn, Brzostowa, Cisowa, Górka, Grotów, Lipinki Łużyckie, Pietrzyków, Piotrowice, Sieciejów, Suchleb, Tyliczki and Zajączek.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Lipinki Łużyckie is bordered by the gminas of Jasień, Przewóz, Trzebiel, Tuplice and Żary.

## InfoBox

| Gmina Lipinki Łużyckie Lipinki Łużyckie Commune | |
| --- | --- |
| Gmina | |
|  | |
| Coordinates (Lipinki Łużyckie): 51°38′41″N 15°0′35″E / 51.64472°N 15.00972°E / 51.64472; 15.00972 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lubusz |
| County | Żary |
| Seat | Lipinki Łużyckie |
| Area | |
| Total | 88.55 km2 (34.19 sq mi) |
| Population (2019-06-30) | |
| Total | 3,366 |
| Density | 38/km2 (98/sq mi) |
| Website | http://www.lipinki-luzyckie.pl |


title: Michael Donkor

abstract: Michael Donkor is a British author and English teacher based in London. He is represented by Blake Friedmann and Fourth Estate.

text:
# Michael Donkor

**Michael Donkor** (born 1985) is a British author and English teacher based in London. He is represented by Blake Friedmann and Fourth Estate.

## Early life and education

Donkor was born in London to a Ghanaian household. He completed his bachelor's degree in English at Wadham College, Oxford, as well as a master's in Creative Writing at University of London. At the University of Oxford he was one of only 21 black students in his year. At the University of London he was supervised by Andrew Motion.

## Career

In 2010 Donkor trained as an English teacher at the UCL Institute of Education, and began his teaching career at Esher College. He formerly taught at St Paul's Girls' School. He left his job there by 2022 to pursue a writing career in Lisbon, Portugal. In 2014 he was chosen by the National Centre for Writing for their mentoring programme, through which he met mentor Daniel Hahn and agent Juliet Pickering. He was described by HarperCollins as a "powerful new British literary voice". *The Observer* selected him as a *New Face of Fiction* in January 2018. He is inspired by Zadie Smith, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Toni Morrison.

### Hold

Fourth Estate gained publishing rights to Donkor's *Hold*, which was published in July 2018. It follows the stories of three teenage girls from Kumasi, Ghana, to Brixton, London, in 2002, and has been described as a coming-of-age novel. Donkor chose to set *Hold* in 2002 as it marks the summer he was applying to study English at university. *Hold* was longlisted for the 2019 Dylan Thomas Prize.

## InfoBox

| Michael Donkor | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | London, England |
| Occupation | * Teacher of English * Author |
| Alma mater |  |
| Notable works | Hold (2018) |


title: Navicula adamata

abstract: Navicula adamata is a species of algae in the genus Navicula.

text:
# Navicula adamata

***Navicula adamata*** is a species of algae in the genus *Navicula*.

## InfoBox

| *Navicula adamata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| *Clade*: | Diaphoretickes |
| *Clade*: | SAR |
| *Clade*: | Stramenopiles |
| Phylum: | Gyrista |
| Subphylum: | Ochrophytina |
| Class: | Bacillariophyceae |
| Order: | Naviculales |
| Family: | Naviculaceae |
| Genus: | *Navicula* |
| Species: | ***N. adamata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Navicula adamata***<br>M.D. Guiry, 2006 | |
|


title: Neomariania scriptella

abstract: Neomariania scriptella is a moth in the family Stathmopodidae. It was described by Hans Rebel in 1940. It is found on the Azores.

text:
# Neomariania scriptella

***Neomariania scriptella*** is a moth in the family Stathmopodidae. It was described by Hans Rebel in 1940. It is found on the Azores.

## InfoBox

| *Neomariania scriptella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Oecophoridae |
| Genus: | *Neomariania* |
| Species: | ***N. scriptella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Neomariania scriptella***<br>(Rebel, 1940) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Megaceraea scriptella* Rebel, 1940 | |


title: Nettie Depp

abstract: Nettie Bayless Courts Depp was an education reformer and the first woman elected to public office in Barren County, Kentucky when she was elected Superintendent of Barren County Schools in 1913. She served from January 1, 1914, through December 31, 1917.

text:
# Nettie Depp

**Nettie Bayless Courts Depp** (November 21, 1874 – August 3, 1932) was an education reformer and the first woman elected to public office in Barren County, Kentucky when she was elected Superintendent of Barren County Schools in 1913. She served from January 1, 1914, through December 31, 1917.

## Early life

Depp was the daughter of John Burks Depp, a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives, and of Mariba Elizabeth Reneau (1846–1928). She was one of six children, including Elizabeth Eola "Lizzie" Depp Allen, Mary Pitsy Depp Rowland, Tipton Hanson Depp, Oren Richard Depp, and Lillie Belle Depp Matthews. Her middle names came from her maternal great-grandmother, Mary Bayless Wood (1777–1863), and her paternal great-grandmother, Mary Hanson Courts Depp (1793–1840).

She was a member of Christian Church. Her grandfather, Isaac Tipton Reneau, was a well-known preacher in the Christian Church who served numerous churches in south central Kentucky and northern Tennessee.

## Education

Nettie B.C. Depp was educated in the common schools of Barren County, Kentucky. She was a graduate of Liberty Female College in Glasgow, Kentucky.

For more than a decade, Depp taught in various schools and concluded that expanding her own education to become a professional teacher would be her next goal. Depp enrolled at Southern Normal School, sometimes referenced as the Cherry Brothers' School (seminal institutions of Western Kentucky University), in Bowling Green, Kentucky to further her education. She studied under Dr. Henry Hardin Cherry, who became her mentor, and Thomas C. Cherry. As a student, Depp embraced the Cherry brothers' philosophies on education such as the *Declaration on Principles and Policies for Southern Normal School* which included goals such as:

* To be a live school and to impart to its students a burning zeal to do and be something.
* To be progressive, to use modern methods and equipment, but reject all worthless educational fads.
* To let the reputation of the school be sustained by real merit.
* To fight against ignorance, and for higher education and the liberation of the human soul.
* To instill in the minds of the students the great truth that every person is created to do something, to be a producer.
* To lead the student to understand that a broad and liberal education is essential to the highest degree of success in any endeavor in life.

During her studies in Bowling Green, Depp became an advocate of Henry Hardin Cherry's efforts to have the school accepted by the Commonwealth of Kentucky as a state normal school. Depp wrote a newspaper column for the Glasgow Times for several years using the pen name "Ora Ethel" and frequently used the opportunity to promote Cherry's school.

In her March 27, 1907 column, Depp wrote:

> "There stands H.H. Cherry at the head of affairs; look at him, he has not so much avoirdupois as many, but he has the greatest influence upon a large student body of anyone I know. He controls that mass of humanity with the slightest effort. His power and influence is felt all over the city, county, and state; yes, and it broadens out until it reaches from ocean to ocean, for, are not there men and women from all parts of this grand old Union who are reaping the rewards from the self-government teachings that they receive here? No student can ever be in this school without realizing that self-government is in the soul, and that the un-governed spirit will never do much in this life. Within the walls of that building, boys and girls have been molded into educated men and women. Often upon entering, they could be compared to coarse rough ironware as it is dug from the earth. Here, they are placed under the best teachers that can be secured anywhere, and are carried through a thorough course of drawing out, until they, like the iron ore after it has been sheltered, heated and drawn out again and again, becomes the finest wrought steel."

In the same column, Depp challenged her fellow teachers to advance their own education:

> "Teachers of Barren County, why are you neglecting your education? Why are you content to stay in the same old rut you were in long ago, when the State Normal offers not only you, but every teacher in the state such rich rewards.

On June 5, 1908, Nettie B.C. Depp earned a degree in education from Western Kentucky State Normal School, the first Barren County student to earn a degree from the institution.

## Professional career

Prior to attending Southern Normal as it transitioned into Western Kentucky State Normal School, Depp taught in numerous schools including various Barren County public schools including Bethel, Temple Hill (where she served as principal), Glasgow Junction; three years in Enid and Waukomis in the then-Oklahoma Territory.

In 1910, Nettie Depp went to work in Scottsville, Kentucky as a schoolteacher. We know she went reluctantly and felt she was underpaid because of the letter she sent to Henry Hardin Cherry, then president of the Western Kentucky State Normal School, and a supporter of women's rights. She wrote to him then of her success in public speaking on behalf of education reform:

I tried to show the people the advantages the school gives and that they should use them as their own. If I only made one person see this in such a way that he will find his way into the school I shall feel that my little talk was not in vain.

Throughout her professional career, Depp was an advocate for fair pay for school teachers. In one of her newspaper columns relating to tax dollars, she wrote:

> "Now, I can tell you why I place the schools first. It is this: We teachers take the children and teach them twenty days in the month for a little more than fifty-five cents each. Shame on you and all the rest of that class that would place higher value upon the sheep industry than you do upon the education of your people! How would you like to one child and care for it and train it for twenty days for fifty or sixty cents, say nothing of a whole community of them at the same low rate?"

While she was educating her pupils and defending fair pay for teachers, Depp was also an advocate for education. In one of her newspaper columns sharing the recent success of Bethel School, Depp editorialized with a message to parents:

> "One word to school people, and most especially parents: Our governmental laws teach that wherever there is a right there is a corresponding duty. Parents, do you realize that one of the greatest rights your children can enjoy is the right to attend school? If it is a right it is indeed and in truth your duty to send them. You cripple them for life when you fail to educate them. Education means more than it did when you were children. Its value is above all the gold in the world. Then why not awake and give them what they need? It is in your power to give them a common school education, if no more. They need it and should not be robbed of their needs. Have a little less of this world's good rather than keep them away from school. This talk is for every parent, not only of my school, but of this county."

In another of Depp's columns while she was teaching at Bethel School, she addressed both teachers and parents:

"Teachers, we must realize that we have not only the mental but the moral and physical powers of childhood to develop. If we fail along these lines what will our country be in a short time? Who will be to blame for the ruin? I am bound to answer: teachers and parents. Who is to blame for the corruption of today? Unfair and false teachers and thoughtless parents. Now this sounds hard, and doubly so when it is said by a teacher, but it is high time that the judgement was beginning at home. I know that I have failed many times in doing what was best, but I have tried to be true to my profession, and I shall continue to try. I am anxious that all teachers, and especially young ones, see the need of being faithful and true."

## Running for office

Back in the classroom, Depp apparently grew weary of the role of politics in public schools. At the time, local school superintendents were not selected by the elected members of the school board; rather, would-be superintendents were elected by the voters and were considered county officials. Kentucky's compulsory attendance law requiring parents to send their children to school were loosely enforced. Recognizing Depp as a popular educator armed with a degree, both the Democratic and Republican Party committees viewed her as a highly qualified candidate.

In September 1909, the Barren County Republican Committee selected her as their choice of candidates to stand for election to become superintendent of county schools. Apparently, Depp was unaware of a plan to nominate her and her polite refusal became news. She faced three awkward situations: no woman had ever run for public office in Barren County, she was from a well-known family of Democrats, and her brother Oren R. Depp had sought the Democratic nomination for superintendent the previous cycle and lost.

On September 23, 1909, Depp wrote to S.T. Young, Chairman of the Republican Committee:

> "My Dear Sir: I thank you people very, very much for the honor you have shown me. I believe you are sincere; I believe you are tired of rottenness - I know I am. Still under the embarrassing circumstances I cannot come out under either of the old heads at this time. Yours for success, Nettie B. Depp."

With much publicity about the Republican nomination, Depp felt it necessary to give the public some explanation which she did through a letter to the editor of the Glasgow Times published on September 28, 1909:

> "'I'd rather be right than president,' are the words that have passed through my mind many, many times since last Monday night. Only the quotation was changed to suit my case. 'I'd rather be right than superintendent,' is the way I look at it. It would not be right for me to come out under another head after my brother running in confidence and trust under the one he did.
>
> "While I thank the Republicans of my county for the honor they have given me, still I cannot accept their offer. Now, to make this plain to my friends, some of whom will be disappointed in my not accepting the nomination, I will say, that when I came home from Bowling Green from school last June and found you so eager for me to run for superintendent, I told you that I would come out if you would show me that the county was strong enough to elect me on a clean independent ticket. When I said that, I did not mean that I would come out under either of the old heads, but that I would come in the name of education.
>
> "Since a child I have studied and studied hard to be a true woman. I have always tried to raise the standard of education above dishonesty and wrong. As it is, I feel that I would do wrong to accept the nomination. I want my friends to know that I am as true a believer in the Jeffersonian principles as ever lived.
>
> "May God give us men and women that will work for true interest of their country.
>
> /s/ Nettie B. Depp."

The following year, 1910, Depp accepted a position teaching in Scottsville where she was warmly welcomed professionally and socially. While becoming superintendent in her native Barren County may have been in her mind, it was overshadowed by the fact that her brother, Oren R. Depp, planned to seek the nomination in the next election cycle. He was head of the Hiseville school district in Barren County when he suddenly died at age 32 in March 1912.

Following Oren's death, talk of Nettie running for superintendent reemerged in the summer of 1912. Determined to show that local voters would support her candidacy, her advocates produced a petition bearing the signatures of 85 Barren County voters. She accepted the challenge and agreed to run as a representative of the Democratic Party more than a year before the 1913 General Election.

In the August Primary Election of 1913, Depp was confirmed as the Barren County Democratic Party's nominee. In mid-August, Depp was one of several Kentucky candidates for superintendent who were examined by the state board of education to confirm her qualifications to serve as superintendent. A few weeks later on September 10, candidates who met the requirements and granted certification were announced.

Depp was the first woman to run for public office in Barren County and the county's first female office-holder on January 1, 1914. In addition to a modest salary, the superintendent was provided an office and an apartment in the county courthouse.

Depp was one of 26 women who were elected superintendents of Kentucky Public Schools in the November 5, 1913 General Election.

## Superintendent of Barren County Schools

### 1914-1915

Taking office on January 1, 1914, Depp took on the challenge of overseeing nearly 100 segregated community school districts within Barren County, directing curricula, managing teachers and their professional development, constructing and maintaining facilities, poor roads, managing resources, and public relations.

In her biennial report to the Kentucky Superintendent of Public Instruction for 1915, Depp shared successes and areas needing improvement in Barren County Schools. She reported that Barren County's schools were not progressing as rapidly as she would like. In her first two years as superintendent, Depp built six new schools houses (including a four-room school building), repaired fifteen others, dug water wells, and built numerous outbuildings.

Like communities across the nation, Barren County's schools were segregated by race. Providing educational opportunities for African American students presented unique concerns. The vast majority of the African American population in Barren County were sharecroppers who moved from farm to farm. Depp clearly worried about how best to serve children in those families when she reported:

> "We need some new \[school\] houses for colored children, as this population moves from place to place so rapidly that we need to put these \[school\] houses on wheels to keep up with the yearly moving."

Depp highlighted her expectations of teachers as well as the curricula taught:

> "We are endeavoring to make our institutes progressive and helpful. We are anxious that our teachers come for a deeper motive than to show their new clothes, and the most of them have put their 'shoulders to the wheel,' and are striving to make our institutes all that they should be. Plans for vocal music in our schools, at least for morning exercises, have brought the necessity of a music instructor in our institute. One hour each day during the week will be devoted to music. Oh, that it may work the change that is so much needed! A song drives away childish troubles and makes work much easier. We are also trying to stress language and reading in such a way that innocent childhood will not always have to suffer on account of improper teaching along these lines of work.
>
> "The Course of Study is made an objective point in our institute, and last year while visiting the schools, if I found a teacher who was not following this course, I marked his standard as a teacher low. We are going to try hard this year to have it followed by every teacher in the county.
>
> "Many of our teachers are putting good libraries in their schools, and quite a number are taking advantage of the traveling library plan, which is working admirably."

When reporting on the county's four graded schools, Depp pronounced their work as excellent. Regarding one of those schools, Hiseville, Depp stated that the school house was being made larger and the school would have an additional teacher. She added that consolidation was under consideration as the area because "the country is level and the roads good, and as there are a number of small schools nearby, I believe this would be a big step in the right way." While Depp began the consolidation process, it would be more than 30 years before the dozens of schools into four districts was accomplished. An issue of concern for Depp was the modest success of Kentucky's compulsory school law. She explained that Barren County's Judge opined that the law was weak and didn't produce the anticipated results. Depp added,

> "Mr. Superintendent, I hope this part of that law will be looked after in our next meeting of the General Assembly, and that we will, in the future, be able to reach every dilatory parent in the county, whether he votes for us again or not."

Depp's greatest accomplishment of the biennium was orchestrating the creation of Barren County's first four-year high school. At the time, Barren County's students had limited options for continuing their education after completing 8th grade; ideally, a local high school would expand educational opportunities exponentially. The Liberty District Baptist Association had closed Liberty Female College on Liberty Street in downtown Glasgow in 1913. Depp viewed the empty facility as ideal for a high school and negotiated a deal to lease the property. She reported:

> "Last, but not least, is our county high school. Last year we worked and planned to unite the Glasgow Graded and Barren County High Schools. Finally, after about three months of careful deliberation on the part of the Barren County Board of Education and the Glasgow Graded School Board, we came together and framed a contract uniting the two schools. Results, where we had an enrollment of twenty before, and with two teachers handicapped so their work could not result as it should, we now have an enrollment of above seventy, and a faculty doubled. We have for the coming year secured our property, known as Liberty College. With an ideal location, excellent faculty and one of the best laboratories in the state, we are hoping to grow rapidly in the future."

### 1916-1917

Reporting on her third and fourth years as superintendent, Depp reported, "For almost four years we have labored faithfully to work out the faults so common in rural schools and to do good, honest work that will tell not only in the schools of the future, but for eternity." In her usual modest demeanor, she continued, "We feel that we have done nothing brilliant, nothing to boast of; we have simply been hunting for the right way and for the best methods, and as we have found them, we have gladly adopted them."

Depp reported that she had succeeded in establishing a uniform curriculum used throughout Barren County's public schools. "The Course of Study is no longer a shelf book, it has become a daily hand-book of useful information that the teacher know better than to leave out of his work," Depp explained.

During the biennium, Depp had overseen the construction of seven new school houses, the repair of thirty-five existing school houses, and prepared plans for four schools houses that needed extensive repairs or replacement, and put down numerous new wells. Summarizing this work, Depp concluded, "Even as it is, Barren County can boast of more comfortable school buildings than ever before."

The county's poor road conditions coupled with an abundance of large streams of water in the southern portion of the county presented challenges not easily resolved. It was necessary for several schools to be dismissed from time to time and resulting in emergency school sessions conducted as situations allowed. "It is hard to work out a plan that will...give all of the children proper school advantages. We feel like using the old biblical cry, 'Come over and help us.' Yet I doubt if you could do it with present laws and the natural inconveniences."

For the second biennium of her term, Depp was pleased with improvements in the compulsory school law. In 1916, six men were fined for not sending their children to school. In 1917, even fewer parents were cited.

During Depp's term in office, Barren County was assigned a county agent, A.C. Young, through the University of Kentucky Agriculture Extension Service. Young collaborated with Depp to establish corn and tomato clubs within the public schools. According to Depp's report, the clubs were eventually converted to agricultural clubs; the clubs ultimately became the first 4-H Clubs in the county. Depp lamented that due to Young being called to service in the U.S. Army, the progress of the clubs was greatly handicapped in 1917.

Depp reported that Barren County's schools were organized for participation in a county-wide school fair at which students and teachers showcased their respective schools for the citizens of the county.

The still-new four-year high school operating in the former facilities of Liberty College had grown rapidly from 70 students to 106 in 1916. Depp stated that the regular four-year state high school curriculum had been expanded to include vocal and instrumental music, expression, art, and a business course.

Depp concluded her final report, stating, "During the four years we have been able to meet debts amounting to $19,000 and we are justly proud that we can hand over the office keys to Mr. W.M. Totty, the newly elected superintendent, with no debt to impede further progress."

## Final years as an educator

After her term as superintendent, Depp was highly sought after. She was offered the principalship of the high school in Harlan, Kentucky but she accepted Cave City High School's offer to become principal. Depp remained in the position until 1923 when she returned to Scottsville High School where she served as a teacher and principal. Her health depleted by breast cancer, Depp ended her career in education in 1931.

## Suffrage and political involvement

While Depp never ran for public office again, she remained active in political work and suffrage for women.

The Commonwealth of Kentucky ratified the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution on January 6, 1920, but it would be August of that year before enough states ratified the amendment to make it the law of the land. The U.S. Attorney General ruled that women would be allowed to voted in the November 1920 General Election.

In the meantime, Depp and other women were welcomed into the Barren County Democratic Party at its county convention on May 1, 1920. Her stature as a former elected official assured Depp's full involvement. Depp was appointed to the Resolutions Committee of the Barren County Democratic Party's local convention.

At the same meeting, Depp was one of 28 local women selected as voting delegates to the Kentucky Democratic Party convention on May 4, joining 35 male voting delegates to complete Barren County's delegation.

Not all of Depp's political involvement was partisan. On May 3, 1920, Depp was one of five Barren County women who attended and participated in the Kentucky League of Women Voters meeting in Louisville, Kentucky as the organization transformed itself from the former Kentucky Equal Rights Association.

## Death

Nettie Depp died of breast cancer on August 3, 1932. Her funeral was held at Refuge Church of Christ in Eighty-Eight, Kentucky. An estimated 1,500 people attended her funeral which was moved outdoors in an effort to accommodate the crowd. She was buried in her family's plot in the adjoining cemetery.

## Honors and Recognitions

In July 2013, Nettie B.C. Depp was honored with a Kentucky Historical Society marker (#2397) installed on the south-west corner of the lawn of the Barren County Courthouse in Glasgow, Kentucky. The marker was sponsored and funded by the Glasgow Business & Professional Women's Club.

Nettie B.C. Depp was a featured historical figure in the South Central Kentucky Cultural Center's annual event, *Harvest of History,* in September 2013. Elaine Alexander Richardson, a retired educator and former member of the Glasgow Independent School Board, portrayed Depp.

Nettie B.C. Depp was one of 46 women profiled in the documentary *Dreamers and Doers: Voices of Kentucky Women* produced by Michael Breeding Media for the Kentucky Commission on Women's *Kentucky Women's History Project* in 2015. Watch the video here: Dreamers & Doers: VOICES of Kentucky Women

Western Kentucky University enshrined Nettie B.C. Depp in the WKU Hall of Distinguished Alumni on October 26, 2018. She is the first graduate of one of WKU's seminal institutions to be so honored.

A seven-and-a-half-foot bronze statue by Amanda Matthews, Depp's great-great niece, was approved for display in the Kentucky Capitol. It is the first permanent large-scale monument of a woman inside that state capitol. While Nettie's influence was not statewide, the Historic Properties Advisory Commission considered her a representative example of Kentucky women who achieved professional and personal success. The statue's unveiling occurred in November 2022.

## Other

Nettie B.C. Depp was the great-great aunt of actor Johnny Depp, who himself is the great-grandson of Nettie's brother, Oren R. Depp.

## InfoBox

| Nettie Bayless Courts Depp | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1874-11-21)November 21, 1874<br>Barren County, Kentucky, US |
| Died | August 3, 1932(1932-08-03) (aged 57)<br>Barren County, Kentucky, US |
| Occupation | Educator |
| Known for | First woman elected to public office in Barren County, Kentucky |


title: Netravati Bridge

abstract: Netravati Bridge is on NH 66 in Mangalore, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India, built over Netravati River, which connects Mangalore city with its southern suburbs Thokottu, Ullal and Deralakatte. This bridge is also called Ullal Bridge as this bridge is located in the town called Ullal in Mangalore taluk. The total length of this bridge is 830 metres. This bridge is on the Karnataka - Kerala national highway NH 66. As part of the national highway it was 2 lane wide. When the roads were widened, the additional bridge was built parallel to old bridge and it was released to public on 20 March 2014. The new bridge has a total of 24 pillars including 18 pillars amidst the water and 6 pillars alongside the river. The height of each pillar is 33.25 feet tall.

text:
# Netravati Bridge

**Netravati Bridge** is on NH 66 in Mangalore, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India, built over Netravati River, which connects Mangalore city with its southern suburbs Thokottu, Ullal and Deralakatte. This bridge is also called Ullal Bridge as this bridge is located in the town called Ullal in Mangalore taluk.

The total length of this bridge is 830 metres.

This bridge is on the Karnataka \- Kerala national highway NH 66. As part of the national highway it was 2 lane wide. When the roads were widened, the additional bridge was built parallel to old bridge and it was released to public on 20 March 2014. The new bridge has a total of 24 pillars including 18 pillars amidst the water and 6 pillars alongside the river. The height of each pillar is 33.25 feet tall.

## InfoBox

| Netravati Bridge | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Coordinates | 12°50′21″N 74°51′36″E / 12.8391°N 74.8601°E / 12.8391; 74.8601 |
| Carries | 4 lanes of traffic, 2 way pedestrians |
| Crosses | Netravati River |
| Locale | Mangalore, Karnataka, India |
| Other name(s) | Ullal Bridge |
| Characteristics | |
| Total length | 804 metres (2,638 ft) |
| Height | 33.25 feet |
| Location | |
|  | |


title: Netreba

abstract:
Netreba was a village in Wołyń Voivodeship (1921–1939), in Sarny county, gmina Kisorycze, Poland, destroyed by the UPA in July 1943. Many of its residents converted to Roman Catholicism before the onset of the Nazi German and Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939, which contributed to the 1943 murderous raid by the Ukrainian death squads. The few surviving Netreba refugees built dugouts in the forest where they saved themselves. The solitary church still standing at the end of the war, was dismantled soon after by the Soviet authorities and the materials used in the construction of pig-stalls in nearby kolhozs. At present, Netreba is an open field in Rivne Oblast of Ukraine.
  - Geographical coordinates: 51° 6' 0" North, 27° 20' 0" East

text:
# Netreba

**Netreba** was a village in Wołyń Voivodeship (1921–1939), in Sarny county, gmina Kisorycze, Poland, destroyed by the UPA in July 1943. Many of its residents converted to Roman Catholicism before the onset of the Nazi German and Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939, which contributed to the 1943 murderous raid by the Ukrainian death squads. The few surviving Netreba refugees built dugouts in the forest where they saved themselves.

The solitary church still standing at the end of the war, was dismantled soon after by the Soviet authorities and the materials used in the construction of pig-stalls in nearby kolhozs (government-run farms).

At present, Netreba is an open field in Rivne Oblast of Ukraine.

* Geographical coordinates: 51° 6' 0" North, 27° 20' 0" East

51°06′N 27°20′E / 51.100°N 27.333°E / 51.100; 27.333


title: Nepenthosyrphus meijerei

abstract: Nepenthosyrphus meijerei is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae.

text:
# Nepenthosyrphus meijerei

***Nepenthosyrphus meijerei*** is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae.

## Distribution

Borneo.

## InfoBox

| *Nepenthosyrphus meijerei* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Syrphidae |
| Subfamily: | Eristalinae |
| Tribe: | Milesiini |
| Subtribe: | Tropidiina |
| Genus: | *Nepenthosyrphus* |
| Species: | ***N. meijerei*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Nepenthosyrphus meijerei***<br>Rotheray, 2012 | |
|


title: Nevena Ivanović

abstract: Nevena Ivanović is a Serbian fashion designer behind the brand NEO Design. The label is known for being inspired by Japanese culture and hairstyles, as well as African and Balkan fashion. According to Italian Vogue, Ivanović "... knows how to use different fabrics and textures in an elaborate and fascinating way, including lace, neoprene, stretch materials, chiffon and leather, thus creating a modern, futuristic yet feminine and intriguing silhouette."

text:
# Nevena Ivanović

**Nevena Ivanović** (Serbian Cyrillic: Невена Ивановић, born 16 March 1992) is a Serbian fashion designer behind the brand NEO Design. The label is known for being inspired by Japanese culture and hairstyles, as well as African and Balkan fashion. According to Italian Vogue, Ivanović "... knows how to use different fabrics and textures in an elaborate and fascinating way, including lace, neoprene, stretch materials, chiffon and leather, thus creating a modern, futuristic yet feminine and intriguing silhouette."

## Biography

Ivanović first studied industrial design and later fashion design at the Faculty of Arts and Design in Belgrade. In 2014, while still in school, she began the clothing line PINS, with three other students, and was also part of several group shows at Belgrade Fashion Week. The joint venture PINS dissolved, which had Ivanović launching her own label, NEO Design, just prior to graduating in Spring 2016. Gaining local and European recognition in a relatively short time, she presented her first solo collection in Paris in September 2016. That same year, she won the BazArt and Textile Designer awards at Belgrade Fashion Week, as well as winning Belgrade's ELLE magazine award which let her participate in the international ELLE competition. In 2016, she was also awarded the prize for most talented designer in the "Fashion Talent Design" competition at Serbia Fashion Week.

In March 2017, Ivanović won the Fashion Scout SEE award at Belgrade Fashion Week, allowing her to present at London Fashion Week, as part of the Fashion Scout "Ones to Watch" segment. That same year she also participated in the menswear WoolMark prize competition in Milan, as well as presenting collections at Ljubljana Fashion Week and Fashionclash Festival in the Netherlands. She also won the "Belgrade Fashion Week Special Prize" at the October installment of Belgrade Fashion Week in 2017.

In addition to designing her collections, Ivanović works as a stylist, art director, and costume designer. In 2017, she styled an editorial piece for Serbia's Wannabe Magazine and also designed costumes for singer Luke Black's music video "Olive Tree". The following year, Ivanović designed the costumes, done mostly in black and white, for musician Sanja Ilić and his band Balkanika, Serbia's entry for the 2018 Eurovision song contest.

For Ivanović, her label NEO Design also acts as an art initiative, through projects such as her unisex Atehneo collection. A related photography series documents how dancers interpret the mythology of the Khazar people, while wearing clothing from the fashion collection. When doing art direction and styling fashion shoots, she also tries to present fashion through art, as well as the reverse, interpreting art through fashion. Ivanović states that she is inspired by anything deemed fascinating, while in the process of creating clothing or photographs, such as the "... cultures of distant nations, the status of a woman, new technologies, interesting scientific facts, traditions, music, and dreams."

## InfoBox

| Nevena Ivanović | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Serbian |
| Occupation | Fashion designer |
| Known for | NEO design |
| Website | https://www.neodesign.rs |