title: Allie Tennant

abstract:
Allie Victoria Tennant was an American sculptor born in St. Louis, Missouri, the daughter of Thomas Richard and Allie Virginia Brown Tennant. She worked primarily out of Dallas, Texas, where her most famous work Tejas Warrior was produced for the Hall of State at the Texas Centennial Exposition. Tennant grew up in an artistic household. Her father was a descendant of British painter John Frederick Tennant and he painted with watercolor and oils in his free time. Tennant's talent as an artist and sculptor emerged at a young age. Even as a toddler, she played with clay and other malleable materials and sculpted them into models. When she was a teenager, Tennant and her family moved to Dallas, Texas. Here, she attended Dallas High School and decided to become a professional sculptor during her high school years. She then started studying art with her first instructor, a local painter and teacher Vivian Louise Aunspaugh (1869-1960). As a high school student, Tennant enrolled in classes that were provided by the Texas Art League, where she studied with Gaetano Bianchi, the first sculptor to teach her, and Kunz Meyer Waldeck, an internationally known artist from Germany. After graduating from high school, she enrolled in the Aunspaugh School of Art. In 1927, she moved to New York City, where she studied at the Art Students League with Edward McCartan and George Bridgman. In 1930, she spent a year touring Europe, where she stayed several years and visited museums in England, France, and Italy. She then returned to New York to study with Eugene Steinhof. Throughout her life, Tennant played an important role in the cultural development of the arts in Dallas and also Texas and developed the modern arts community by acting as a culture-bearer for over 60 years. During the Great Depression, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt initiated the New Deal. One of its programs was the Treasury Department Section of Painting and Sculpture, under which the federal government commissioned artists to create art for a variety of public buildings, often post offices. Tennant created a frieze of three plaster reliefs — Cattle, Oil, Wheat (1940) — for the U.S. post office in Electra, Texas. Tennant showed at the 1939 New York World's Fair American art exhibition.
Tennant was a member of the National Sculpture Society and the Texas Fine Arts Association. She also taught art at the Art Institute of Dallas and at adult evening education. She died on December 19, 1971, and was buried in Oakland Cemetery in Dallas.

text:
# Allie Tennant

**Allie Victoria Tennant** (1892 or 1898—1971) was an American sculptor born in St. Louis, Missouri, the daughter of Thomas Richard and Allie Virginia Brown Tennant. She worked primarily out of Dallas, Texas, where her most famous work *Tejas Warrior* was produced for the Hall of State at the Texas Centennial Exposition.

Tennant grew up in an artistic household. Her father was a descendant of British painter John Frederick Tennant and he painted with watercolor and oils in his free time. Tennant's talent as an artist and sculptor emerged at a young age. Even as a toddler, she played with clay and other malleable materials and sculpted them into models. When she was a teenager, Tennant and her family moved to Dallas, Texas. Here, she attended Dallas High School and decided to become a professional sculptor during her high school years. She then started studying art with her first instructor, a local painter and teacher Vivian Louise Aunspaugh (1869-1960). As a high school student, Tennant enrolled in classes that were provided by the Texas Art League, where she studied with Gaetano Bianchi, the first sculptor to teach her, and Kunz Meyer Waldeck, an internationally known artist from Germany.

After graduating from high school, she enrolled in the Aunspaugh School of Art. In 1927, she moved to New York City, where she studied at the Art Students League with Edward McCartan and George Bridgman. In 1930, she spent a year touring Europe, where she stayed several years and visited museums in England, France, and Italy. She then returned to New York to study with Eugene Steinhof. Throughout her life, Tennant played an important role in the cultural development of the arts in Dallas and also Texas and developed the modern arts community by acting as a culture-bearer for over 60 years.

During the Great Depression, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt initiated the New Deal. One of its programs was the Treasury Department Section of Painting and Sculpture, under which the federal government commissioned artists to create art for a variety of public buildings, often post offices. Tennant created a frieze of three plaster reliefs — *Cattle, Oil, Wheat* (1940) — for the U.S. post office in Electra, Texas.

Tennant showed at the 1939 New York World's Fair American art exhibition. Tennant was a member of the National Sculpture Society and the Texas Fine Arts Association (now known as Arthouse at The Jones Center). She also taught art at the Art Institute of Dallas and at adult evening education.

She died on December 19, 1971, and was buried in Oakland Cemetery in Dallas.

## Work

The statue underwent extensive restoration in 1990 under Dallas' "Adopt-a-Monument program.

She also has works at:


title: Myriam Van Imschoot

abstract: Myriam Van Imschoot is a Brussels-based artist. She uses the voice as her main medium in video, performance and sound installations. The position Van Imschoot occupies in the Belgian art scene is characterized by a movement between the institutional field and the medias, through which she experiments with already existing contexts, if not creating her own. Myriam is a founding member of Sarma and runs within this organization a publishing house for digital artist publications that embraces orality. She forms a duo with sound poet Marcus Bergner.

text:
# Myriam Van Imschoot

**Myriam Van Imschoot** (born 1969) is a Brussels-based artist. She uses the voice as her main medium in video, performance and sound installations. The position Van Imschoot occupies in the Belgian art scene is characterized by a movement between the institutional field and the medias, through which she experiments with already existing contexts, if not creating her own. Myriam is a founding member of Sarma and runs within this organization a publishing house for digital artist publications that embraces orality. She forms a duo with sound poet Marcus Bergner (Arf Arf).

## Biography

Myriam Van Imschoot graduated in Germanic Philology and specialized in Performance Studies at the University of Leuven in Belgium. She worked as a dance critic for Gazet van Antwerpen from 1993 to 1995 and De Morgen from 1995 to 1998. In 1995 she became a staff member of the Institute of Cultural Studies at the same university. In 1998, Van Imschoot left journalism and became a full-time researcher, with the support of the Fund for Scientific Research. She completed a PhD on improvisation in cultures of spontaneity and the post-war avant-garde.

As an artist, she started working first with archives as her medium. The duet *Pick up Voices* (2007) with performer and choreographer Christine De Smedt and the sound installation *Black Box* (2009) show an interest in the performative potential of archival documents and the construction of alternative historiographies through them. Her solo *Living Archive* (2011) was a personal testimony of what could be "any girl living next door with a passion for mixed tapes". Acclaimed for its originality, it was shown in Kaaitheater, Vooruit and Buda Arts Centre, among others.

Fascinated by phenomena of long-distance communication, Van Imschoot started a cycle of works that deal with yodeling, crying, waving and bird calls. *Hola Hu* (2013) and *Kucku* (2014) are yodel duets that reframe folklore as it gets transmitted and altered. The yodel duets tour in galleries, theaters and concert halls, sometimes accompanied by the video installation *Yodel Portraits*. She also used video as a medium for *LIFT* and *Efemeriden*, both filmed from her apartment located in a signature building in Brussels.

The work of Myriam Van Imschoot has been presented by Sculpture International Rotterdam (The Netherlands), Nodar Binaural Sound Center, Rumpsti-Pumsti (Musik), MUU Galeria, Playground Stuk (Leuven, Belgium), Jan Van Eyck Academie (Maastricht, The Netherlands), Kaaitheater (Brussels, Belgium), Vooruit (Ghent, Belgium), Kunstencentrum Buda (Kortrijk, Belgium), Museo Reina Sofia (Madrid, Spain), De Player, Operdagen Rotterdam (The Netherlands), Pact Zollverein, Techno Park Studios, Campo, Kiasma Theater (Helsinki, Finland).


title: Heerbann

abstract: The Heerbann, in the Imperial Military Constitution (Reichsheeresverfassung) of the Holy Roman Empire, was the call to all free landowners capable of bearing arms to participate in a military campaign, i.e. in an imperial war (Reichskrieg). According to the original meaning of the word, the Heerbann was a 'call of the king or duke to military service; see also king's ban. However, as the feudal system in the Holy Roman Empire developed in the Early Middle Ages, the Heerbann became superfluous as a means of raising armies and increasingly fell into disuse after the death of Charlemagne. The Heerbann was particularly onerous for poorer landowners, several of whom had to equip a knight for war, so they would attempt to withdraw themselves from his service and place themselves in the service of and under the protection of a more powerful lord, who would assist them in providing the necessary military equipment or even stand them down from military service entirely. Towards the end of the 10th century, this led to the reshaping of the entire military constitution. The armies of the king now no longer consisted of all free knights, but came from powerful imperial officials or vassals and their entourages; and those who rendered no military service had to pay a campaign tax (Heersteuer). The necessary organisation of the Heerbann, needed thanks to constant campaigning by Charlemagne, was divided by him into seven levels or "shields of knighthood", the so-called Heerschilde. The campaigns, which were fought with the aid of the Heerbann, were called Heerfahrten, the participation of the vassals was known as Heeresfolge. By the time of the Crusades, when the feudal system had reached its height, the Heerbann had almost totally disappeared in all European states.

text:
# Heerbann

The ***Heerbann*** (also formerly *Heermannie*, MHG *herban*, OHG: *heriban*, Mid. Latin: *Heribannus*), in the Imperial Military Constitution (*Reichsheeresverfassung*) of the Holy Roman Empire, was the call to all free landowners capable of bearing arms to participate in a military campaign, i.e. in an imperial war (*Reichskrieg*).

According to the original meaning of the word (OHG: *bannan* = to 'demand' or 'prohibit', actually 'to speak'), the *Heerbann* was a 'call of the king or duke to military service; see also king's ban.

However, as the feudal system in the Holy Roman Empire developed in the Early Middle Ages, the *Heerbann* became superfluous as a means of raising armies and increasingly fell into disuse after the death of Charlemagne.

The *Heerbann* was particularly onerous for poorer landowners, several of whom had to equip a knight for war (one for every 3 hides), so they would attempt to withdraw themselves from his service and place themselves in the service of and under the protection of a more powerful lord, who would assist them in providing the necessary military equipment or even stand them down from military service entirely.

Towards the end of the 10th century, this led to the reshaping of the entire military constitution. The armies of the king now no longer consisted of all free knights, but came from powerful imperial officials or vassals and their entourages; and those who rendered no military service had to pay a campaign tax (*Heersteuer*).

The necessary organisation of the *Heerbann*, needed thanks to constant campaigning by Charlemagne, was divided by him into seven levels or "shields of knighthood", the so-called *Heerschilde*. The campaigns, which were fought with the aid of the *Heerbann*, were called *Heerfahrten*, the participation of the vassals was known as *Heeresfolge*.

By the time of the Crusades, when the feudal system had reached its height, the *Heerbann* had almost totally disappeared in all European states.

> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon (1888–1890), 4th edition, Leipzig/Vienna: Bibliographisches Institut.

* Ban (medieval), royal power to command, of which the *Heerbann* is an example


title: Pinnacle Hill

abstract:
Pinnacle Hill is situated in the range of Malvern Hills in England, running about 13 kilometres (8 mi) north-south along the Herefordshire-Worcestershire border. It lies between Jubilee Hill and Black Hill and has an elevation of 357 metres (1,171 ft).
It is the site of two possible Bronze Age round barrows.

text:
# Pinnacle Hill

**Pinnacle Hill** is situated in the range of Malvern Hills in England, running about 13 kilometres (8 mi) north-south along the Herefordshire-Worcestershire border. It lies between Jubilee Hill and Black Hill and has an elevation of 357 metres (1,171 ft). It is the site of two possible Bronze Age round barrows.

## Further reading

* Bowden, Mark; Field, David; Winton, Helen (2005). *The Malvern Hills: an ancient landscape*. English Heritage. ISBN 1-873592-82-5.
* Children, George; Nash, George (1994). *Prehistoric Sites of Herefordshire*. Logaston Press. ISBN 1-873827-09-1.

## InfoBox

| Pinnacle Hill | |
| --- | --- |
| View from Pinnacle Hill | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 358 m (1,175 ft) |
| Coordinates | 52°04′36″N 2°20′24″W / 52.0766°N 2.3400°W / 52.0766; -2.3400 |
| Geography | |
|  | |
| Location | Malvern Hills, England |
| Topo map | OS *Landranger* 150 |
| Geology | |
| Age of rock | Pre-Cambrian |
| Mountain type | Igneous, Metamorphic |
| Climbing | |
| Easiest route | Hiking |


title: Harold Bishop (American football)

abstract: Harold Lucius Bishop Jr. is an American former professional football player who was a tight end in the National Football League (NFL) for five teams. He played college football at Louisiana State University from 1989 to 1994. He was selected by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the 1994 NFL draft. In the 1995 off season the Buccaneers traded Bishop to the Cleveland Browns for the 35th pick in the second round of the 1996 NFL draft and selected Mike Alstott with the pick. He was on the team when the Browns became the Baltimore Ravens. He played one season in NFL Europe with the Rhein Fire, who won the World Bowl in 1998. Bishop then signed with the Pittsburgh Steelers and played with them from 1998 to 1999.

text:
# Harold Bishop (American football)

**Harold Lucius Bishop Jr.** (born April 8, 1970) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end in the National Football League (NFL) for five teams.

He played college football at Louisiana State University from 1989 to 1994. He was selected by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the 1994 NFL draft. In the 1995 off season the Buccaneers traded Bishop to the Cleveland Browns for the 35th pick in the second round of the 1996 NFL draft and selected Mike Alstott with the pick. He was on the team when the Browns became the Baltimore Ravens. He played one season in NFL Europe with the Rhein Fire, who won the World Bowl in 1998. Bishop then signed with the Pittsburgh Steelers and played with them from 1998 to 1999.

## InfoBox

Harold Bishop
| No. 89, 84 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Tight end |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1970-04-08) April 8, 1970<br>Booneville, Mississippi, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) |
| Weight: | 254 lb (115 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Tuscaloosa (AL) Central East |
| College: | LSU |
| NFL draft: | 1994 / round: 3 / pick: 69 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Receptions: 19  Receiving yards: 161  Receiving touchdowns: 0 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: My Man Is a Mean Man

abstract: "My Man Is a Mean Man" is a song by Swiss recording artist Stefanie Heinzmann, the winner of the TV Total television competition SSDSDSSWEMUGABRTLAD. It was written by Tommy Tysper, Marcus Sepehrmanesh, and Pauline Olofsson, while production was helmed by the former along with Gustav "Grizzly" Jonsson. Heinzmann's recording was picked as her coronation song and debut single. Upon its release, it debuted at number-one on the Swiss Singles Chart and became a top ten hit in Austria and Germany. The song was later included on her debut album, Masterplan (2008).

text:
# My Man Is a Mean Man

"**My Man Is a Mean Man**" is a song by Swiss recording artist Stefanie Heinzmann, the winner of the *TV Total* television competition *SSDSDSSWEMUGABRTLAD*. It was written by Tommy Tysper, Marcus Sepehrmanesh, and Pauline Olofsson, while production was helmed by the former along with Gustav "Grizzly" Jonsson. Heinzmann's recording was picked as her coronation song and debut single. Upon its release, it debuted at number-one on the Swiss Singles Chart and became a top ten hit in Austria and Germany. The song was later included on her debut album, *Masterplan* (2008).

## Charts

## InfoBox

| "My Man Is a Mean Man" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Stefanie Heinzmann | |
| from the album  *Masterplan* | |
| Released | January 11, 2008 (2008-01-11) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 3:33 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | * Grizzly * Tysper |
| Stefanie Heinzmann singles chronology | |
| "**My Man Is a Mean Man**"
(2008) "Like a Bullet"
(2008) | |


title: Yaqub Mirza

abstract: M. Yaqub Mirza is a Herndon, Virginia-based businessman and Islamic activist.

text:
# Yaqub Mirza

**M. Yaqub Mirza** (born 1946 in Karachi, Pakistan) is a Herndon, Virginia-based businessman and Islamic activist.

## Background

Muhammad Yaqub Mirza holds a MSc from the University of Karachi (1969), and a PhD in Physics (1974) and M.A. in Teaching Science (1975) from the University of Texas at Dallas. His doctoral thesis was entitled *Multiphoton Ionization of Cesium Through Resonant Dissociative States of Cs2* and his thesis advisor was Carl B. Collins.

Mirza was a co-founder of the International Institute of Islamic Thought. Mirza was a co-founder and trustee (1984–2003) of Amana Mutual Funds Trust, a Bellingham, Washington-based mutual fund that operates in accordance with Sharia financial principles. Since 1998, he has been President and CEO of Sterling Management Group, Inc (SMG).

## Lecturing career

Mirza lectures on Islamic finance and Entrepreneurship and has spoken at several institutions.

In 2002, Mirza's offices were raided by the FBI as part of an investigation into money laundering and terrorism, although Mirza was not charged with any crime as a result of this.

Mirza and Sterling Group are active financial supporters of the Republican party in Virginia.

## InfoBox

| Yaqub Mirza | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1946<br>Karachi |
| Nationality | Pakistani |
| Education | MSc from the University of Karachi (1969), M.A. in Teaching Science from University of Texas at Dallas (1975), PhD in Physics (1974) |
| Occupation(s) | Business and teaching |


title: Newbold-on-Avon RFC

abstract: Newbold-on-Avon Rugby Club is an English rugby union club based in Newbold-on-Avon, a suburb of Rugby in Warwickshire. The club runs three senior teams with the first XV team currently playing in Regional 2 East Midlands. The club also runs a veterans side and junior teams.

text:
# Newbold-on-Avon RFC

**Newbold-on-Avon Rugby Club** is an English rugby union club based in Newbold-on-Avon, a suburb of Rugby in Warwickshire. The club runs three senior teams with the first XV team currently playing in Regional 2 East Midlands. The club also runs a veterans side and junior teams.

## Club honours

1. \[Newbold on Avon RFC https://newboldonavonrfc.rfu.club/teams Club website teams page\]
2. Cleary, Mick; Griffiths, John (1998). *Rothmans Rugby Union Yearbook 1998-99*. Headline. pp. 90–93. ISBN 0-7472-7653-6.
3. "2014-2015 Midlands Division". *England Rugby*. RFU. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
4. "2016-2017 Midlands Division". *England Rugby*. RFU. Retrieved 22 April 2017.

## InfoBox

Newbold-on-Avon RFC
| Full name | Newbold-on-Avon Rugby Football Club |
| --- | --- |
| Union | Warwickshire RFU |
| Nickname(s) | The Bold |
| Founded | 1894 (1894) |
| Location | Rugby, England |
| Ground(s) | Parkfield Road |
| Coach(es) | Carl Roderick |
| League(s) | Regional 2 East Midlands |
| 2022–23 | 8th |


title: Allen Township, Kingman County, Kansas

abstract: Allen Township is a township in Kingman County, Kansas, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 109.

text:
# Allen Township, Kingman County, Kansas

**Allen Township** is a township in Kingman County, Kansas, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 109.

## Geography

Allen Township covers an area of 36.67 square miles (94.96 square kilometers); of this, 0.25 square miles (0.65 square kilometers) or 0.68 percent is water. The stream of Coon Creek runs through this township.

### Adjacent townships

### Cemeteries

The township contains one cemetery, Mount Pleasant.

1. "U.S. Census website". Retrieved June 24, 2008.

## InfoBox

| Allen Township | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Location in Kingman County | |
| Coordinates: 37°31′05″N 97°51′46″W / 37.51806°N 97.86278°W / 37.51806; -97.86278 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Kansas |
| County | Kingman |
| Area | |
| Total | 36.67 sq mi (94.96 km2) |
| Land | 36.41 sq mi (94.31 km2) |
| Water | 0.25 sq mi (0.65 km2)  0.68% |
| Elevation | 1,483 ft (452 m) |
| Population (2000) | |
| Total | 109 |
| Density | 3/sq mi (1.2/km2) |
| GNIS feature ID | 0470279 |


title: Myron Mendes

abstract: Myron Mendes is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Gokulam Kerala in the I-League. He has also played for ASD Cape Town in South Africa.

text:
# Myron Mendes

**Myron Mendes** is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Gokulam Kerala in the I-League. He has also played for ASD Cape Town in South Africa.

## Career

### Bengaluru FC

Mendes made his professional debut against Transport United in 2018 AFC Cup qualifiers. Mendes made his Indian Super League against Jamshedpur in 5–1 defeat on 27 February 2019.

### Gokulam Kerala

Mendes joined I-League side Gokulam Kerala in 2019–20 season.

## Career statistics

*As of 1 October 2019*

| Club | Season | League | | | Cup | | Continental | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Bengaluru | 2017–18 | ISL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| | 2018–19 | ISL | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Career total | | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |

## InfoBox

Myron Mendes
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Myron Mendes | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Gokulam Kerala | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2017–2019 | Bengaluru | 1 | (0) |
| 2019– | Gokulam Kerala | 0 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 2011 | India U16 |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Romuald Hube

abstract: Romuald Hube was a Polish law scholar. Romuald Hube studied in Warsaw, then listened to the lectures of Savigny, Hegel, Steffens, Boeckh, and Ritters in Berlin. In 1825 he became a lecturer of general legal history at the University of Warsaw. In 1829 he became a full professor of canonical and criminal law at the university, while his brother Joseph Hube at the same time assumed the chair of the department of legal history. As a result of the November Uprising in 1831, he left the university and in 1832 became a prosecutor at the criminal courts of the voivodeships Masovien and Kalisch. The following year, he was called to Saint Petersburg as a member of the Legislative Commission for Poland, in which he worked on the published criminal code and the Criminal Code for Poland. He was then appointed to the Council of State, and in 1843 he was appointed a permanent member of the magistrate, and afterwards became a member of the most important legislatures of Russia. In 1846 he accompanied Count Bludov to Rome, and in 1850 he was appointed Privy Councilor and Senator of the Imperial Empire. In 1857 he became an honorary member of the Petersburg Academy. Hube published the Fragmenta Ulpiani, the Institutiones Gaji (Warsaw 1827), the Lex Salica (1867), and wrote a famous treatise: De furtis doctrina ex jure romano historice et dogmatice explicata. Among his Polish writings are Ogólne zasady nauki prawa karnego and Prawo polskie w wieku XIII.. He was also the chief founder of the legal journal Themis polska, and gave his brother Joseph A Historical account of the Slavs' inheritance.

text:
# Romuald Hube

**Romuald Hube** (1803–September 1890) was a Polish law scholar.

Romuald Hube studied in Warsaw, then listened to the lectures of Savigny, Hegel, Steffens, Boeckh, and Ritters in Berlin. In 1825 he became a lecturer of general legal history at the University of Warsaw. In 1829 he became a full professor of canonical and criminal law at the university, while his brother Joseph Hube at the same time assumed the chair of the department of legal history.

As a result of the November Uprising in 1831, he left the university and in 1832 became a prosecutor at the criminal courts of the voivodeships Masovien and Kalisch. The following year, he was called to Saint Petersburg as a member of the Legislative Commission for Poland, in which he worked on the published criminal code and the Criminal Code for Poland.

He was then appointed to the Council of State, and in 1843 he was appointed a permanent member of the magistrate, and afterwards became a member of the most important legislatures of Russia. In 1846 he accompanied Count Bludov to Rome, and in 1850 he was appointed Privy Councilor and Senator of the Imperial Empire. In 1857 he became an honorary member of the Petersburg Academy.

Hube published the *Fragmenta Ulpiani* (Warsaw 1826), the *Institutiones Gaji* (Warsaw 1827), the *Lex Salica* (1867), and wrote a famous treatise: *De furtis doctrina ex jure romano historice et dogmatice explicata*.

Among his Polish writings are *Ogólne zasady nauki prawa karnego* ("Principles of Criminal Law", Warsaw 1830) and *Prawo polskie w wieku XIII.* ("Polish law in the 13th century", Warsaw 1875).

He was also the chief founder of the legal journal *Themis polska*, and gave his brother Joseph *A Historical account of the Slavs' inheritance* (Zupanski, Posen, 1836).


title: Frenett

abstract: Frenett is a surname, not to be confused with Frenette. Most Frenetts currently reside in either the United States or in Rushbrooke, in Ireland. A few of those from Rushbrooke have moved into homes in the London area and following this have moved to Woodley in Berkshire and East Yorkshire. There are no longer Frenetts left in Yorkshire, favouring Hertfordshire instead. However, there is a legacy of Frenett-Smithson in and around the Beverley area. A few theories as to the 'birth' of the name currently exist. The first being that the name was changed from Frenette to Frenett when a family moved from the US/Canada to Ireland around the time of the Great Famine. The second theory being that, as a name, it has existed for hundreds of years, never growing hugely, and moving in its totality from location to location. And a third that the e was dropped in order for a family member to hide their identity in Quebec. The name Frenett is mentioned briefly in many US and occasionally a UK census, but the entries have never formed a distinct pattern, leaving the reader to wonder, which entries refer to the family name Frenett, and which are misspellings of the family name Frenette.

text:
# Frenett

**Frenett** is a surname, not to be confused with Frenette.

Most Frenetts currently reside in either the United States or in Rushbrooke, in Ireland. A few of those from Rushbrooke have moved into homes in the London area and following this have moved to Woodley in Berkshire and East Yorkshire. There are no longer Frenetts left in Yorkshire, favouring Hertfordshire instead. However, there is a legacy of Frenett-Smithson in and around the Beverley area.

A few theories as to the 'birth' of the name currently exist. The first being that the name was changed from Frenette to Frenett when a family moved from the US/Canada to Ireland around the time of the Great Famine.

The second theory being that, as a name, it has existed for hundreds of years, never growing hugely, and moving in its totality from location to location. And a third that the e was dropped in order for a family member to hide their identity in Quebec.

The name Frenett is mentioned briefly in many US and occasionally a UK census, but the entries have never formed a distinct pattern, leaving the reader to wonder, which entries refer to the family name Frenett, and which are misspellings of the family name Frenette.


title: Melchior von Osse

abstract: Melchior von Osse (1506–1556) was a German theoretician who is best known as the author of the Testament, a treatise on politics and political reform. He is considered an early example of Cameralist thought.

text:
# Melchior von Osse

**Melchior von Osse** (1506–1556) was a German theoretician who is best known as the author of the *Testament*, a treatise on politics and political reform. He is considered an early example of Cameralist thought.

## Early life

Osse was born in the town of Geithan in the hamlet of Ossa in 1506. He attended the University of Leipzig to study law, and was held in high esteem there. Though his name derives from his place of birth, Ossa, he signed his name "Osse." Despite being a supporter of the Reformation, he was accused by some Lutheran theologians, including Philipp Melanchthon, of harboring latent Roman Catholic sympathies. One of the justifications for this charge was his alleged use of the Latin Vulgate instead of the new German translation of the Bible.

## Work

Osse's principle work is the *Testament,* a treatise meant to serve as political handbook which fell into obscurity soon after its publication. However, it was rediscovered in the 18th century by Christian Thomasius, who subsequently republished it, accompanied by extensive annotation.

## Thought

Osse asserts that the magistracy has responsibilities in both war and peace. In war, good government must demonstrate its competence through "manly deeds," intelligent projects, and the protection of both subjects and territory. In peace, righteous government, judiciary, and *Policey* must be maintained. This included overseeing common rights and laws as a means in service of domestic peace and welfare.

Osse praised electoral Saxony as a good example of the keeping of learned functionaries at court who were competent enough to render right decisions and advice. As a positive result of such conduct he gives the example of "good and proper coinage" which encouraged trade and increased princely revenues.

Osse posited that subjects of all classes needed to obey the prince, and that attempts at improvement were justified because they were important for the common welfare of all classes, in spite of those who protested out of their own selfishness. He also cautioned that nepotism and defective child-rearing could lead to a lack of competent public officials.

### *Policey*

In his discussion on *Policey*, Osse references Aristotle as saying that there are four parts of good *Policey*: *Princeps*, *Concilium*, *Praelorium*, and *Populus*. Osse relates that these correspond to the facets of ruler, wise counsel, unpartisan judicature, and (pious and obedient) subjects.

Christian Thomasius expands on *Policey* in his annotation of Osse's work. *Policey* consists of both an internal and external condition. The internal condition relates to the vigor of society as found in the growth of its people in things of the soul, such as happiness, religious worship, virtue, and education; and also in things of the body, such as abundant means-of-life, health, and security. The external condition relates to the "good order" of people, places, and things. *Policey* is meant to counteract such things as are harmful to the state, namely population decline, irreligion, vicious life, neglect of education, lack of sustenance, epidemics, revolts and violence, "confusion of social strata, affairs...", uncultivated land, and abandoned urban centers and towns. In the anonymous work that Thomasius quotes, the author recommends a *Policey* bureau, which could address these issues by maintaining order, establishing regular tribunals, employing watchmen and detectives, conducting "unexpected visitations and inquisitions," observing people and places, and drafting and enforcing ordinances related to those ends.

## Death

Osse resigned from his judgeship in 1555 due to his increasingly poor health. He died the following year, at the age of 50.


title: Xylocopa nigrocaerulea

abstract: Xylocopa nigrocaerulea, or Xylocopa (Biluna) nigrocaerulea, is a species of carpenter bee.

text:
# Xylocopa nigrocaerulea

***Xylocopa nigrocaerulea***, or ***Xylocopa (Biluna) nigrocaerulea***, is a species of carpenter bee.

## Further reading

* Ruggiero M. (project leader), Ascher J. et al. (2013). ITIS Bees: World Bee Checklist (version Sep 2009). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 11 March 2013 (Roskov Y., Kunze T., Paglinawan L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Hernandez F., De Wever A., eds). Digital resource at www.catalogueoflife.org/col/. Species 2000: Reading, UK.
* John Ascher, Connal Eardley, Terry Griswold, Gabriel Melo, Andrew Polaszek, Michael Ruggiero, Paul Williams, Ken Walker, and Natapot Warrit.

## InfoBox

| *Xylocopa nigrocaerulea* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Suborder: | Apocrita |
| Superfamily: | Apoidea |
| Family: | Apidae |
| Subfamily: | Xylocopinae |
| Tribe: | *Xylocopini* |
| Genus: | *Xylocopa* |
| Subgenus: | *Biluna* |
| Species: | ***Xylocopa nigrocaerulea***<br>Smith, 1874 |
|


title: Newton Township, Trumbull County, Ohio

abstract: Newton Township is one of the twenty-four townships of Trumbull County, Ohio, United States. The 2020 census found 8,618 people in the township.

text:
# Newton Township, Trumbull County, Ohio

**Newton Township** is one of the twenty-four townships of Trumbull County, Ohio, United States. The 2020 census found 8,618 people in the township.

## Geography

Located in the southwestern corner of the county, it borders the following townships and village:

Most of the city of Newton Falls is located in northwestern Newton Township, and the census-designated place of South Canal lies in the township's west.

## Name and history

Newton Township was likely named for Newtown, Connecticut soon after its creation in 1806. It is one of five Newton Townships statewide.

Newton Township was formed from the Connecticut Western Reserve.

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.

## InfoBox

| Newton Township, Trumbull County, Ohio | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Messiah Lutheran Church is near the northern boundary of the township | |
| Location of Newton Township in Trumbull County | |
| Coordinates: 41°10′57″N 80°57′59″W / 41.18250°N 80.96639°W / 41.18250; -80.96639 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Ohio |
| County | Trumbull |
| Government | |
| Type | Trustee |
| Area | |
| Total | 23.5 sq mi (60.8 km2) |
| Land | 23.3 sq mi (60.2 km2) |
| Water | 0.2 sq mi (0.5 km2) |
| Elevation | 912 ft (278 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 8,618 |
| Density | 369.9/sq mi (143.2/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| FIPS code | 39-55636 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1087041 |


title: Pitching pennies

abstract: Pitching pennies is a game played with coins. Players take turns to throw a coin at a wall, from some distance away, and the coin which lands closest to the wall is the winner. In Britain the game is also known as pap, penny up or penny up the wall and it is referred to as pitch-and-toss in Rudyard Kipling's poem If—. In Scotland it is called keeley and chipsy, in Wales nippy, and other names include chucks, quarters, tinks, jingles and jingies. The history of the game is ancient, and it is known to have been played by Ancient Greek children using bronze coins. In 1998, basketball player Michael Jordan played the game against security guard John Michael Wozniak, an event depicted in the documentary The Last Dance.

text:
# Pitching pennies

**Pitching pennies** is a game played with coins. Players take turns to throw a coin at a wall, from some distance away, and the coin which lands closest to the wall is the winner.

In Britain the game is also known as **pap,** **penny up** or **penny up the wall** and it is referred to as **pitch-and-toss** in Rudyard Kipling's poem *If—*. In Scotland it is called **keeley** and **chipsy**, in Wales **nippy**, and other names include **chucks**, **quarters**, **tinks**, **jingles** and **jingies**.

The history of the game is ancient, and it is known to have been played by Ancient Greek children using bronze coins.

In 1998, basketball player Michael Jordan played the game against security guard John Michael Wozniak, an event depicted in the documentary *The Last Dance*.


title: Jonathan Bratoeff

abstract: Jonathan Bratoëff is a Berlin-based guitarist. Bratoëff is a member and co-founder of the F-IRE Collective. He has released several albums on the F-IRE Collective's own label, and has also played with musicians like Julian Siegel, Soweto Kinch, and Orphy Robinson.

text:
# Jonathan Bratoeff

**Jonathan Bratoëff** (born 1974 in France) is a Berlin-based guitarist.

Bratoëff is a member and co-founder of the F-IRE Collective. He has released several albums on the F-IRE Collective's own label, and has also played with musicians like Julian Siegel, Soweto Kinch, and Orphy Robinson.

## Discography (in selection)

* *Episodes*, 2001
* *Between Lines*, 2005
* *Points of Perception*, 2006
* *Chapters* (with Chris Vatalaro), 2009
* *Mindscapes*, 2010
* *Words of my father*, 2014

## Reviews

* "Bratoëff's brittle phrasing and rhythmic energy put him up there with leading UK guitarists".
* "Bratoëff's voice is touched by an enigmatic, introspective quality and stands out on a set of sombre, serpentine elegance." Kevin Le Gendre*Jazzwise*.


title: N-Oleyl-1,3-propanediamine

abstract: N-Oleyl-1,3-propanediamine is an organic compound and a diamine with the formula C21H44N2. It has found use in numerous industries. The main producer of commercial N-Oleyl-1,3-propanediamine is AkzoNobel, who sells it under the name Duomeen OL.

text:
# N-Oleyl-1,3-propanediamine

**N-Oleyl-1,3-propanediamine** is an organic compound and a diamine with the formula C21H44N2. It has found use in numerous industries. The main producer of commercial N-Oleyl-1,3-propanediamine is AkzoNobel, who sells it under the name Duomeen OL.

## Uses

N-Oleyl-1,3-propanediamine is used as a catalyst in the production of urethanes and epoxies. It is used as a emulsifier in the making of asphalt, an ore flotation agent, and a dispersant for some paints. It has also found use as a lubricant due to its unreactivity with cations, which are present in some adhesive manufacturing.

1. "Material Safety Data Sheet - Oleyl Diamine" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-12-24.
2. "(Z)-N-9-octadecenylpropane-1,3-diamine | 7173-62-8". Chemicalbook.com. Retrieved 2022-05-02.
3. "N-(9-octadecenyl)-1,3-propylenediamine". National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Database. Retrieved 2024-06-09.
4. "Duomeen OL - AkzoNobel Functional Applications". Archived from the original on 2017-11-27. Retrieved 2016-12-24.

## InfoBox

*N*-Oleyl-1,3-propanediamine
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name *N*1-\[(9*Z*)-Octadec-9-en-1-yl\]propane-1,3-diamine | |
| Other names (Z)-N-9-octadecenylpropane-1,3-diamine | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.027.754 |
| PubChem CID |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C21H44N2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-20-23-21-18-19-22/h9-10,23H,2-8,11-22H2,1H3/b10-9-Key: TUFJPPAQOXUHRI-KTKRTIGZSA-N | |
| SMILES * CCCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCCNCCCN | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C21H44N2 |
| Molar mass | 324.597 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Colourless or yellow liquid |
| Odor | Ammoniacal |
| Density | 0.841 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 12 °C (54 °F; 285 K) |
| Boiling point | 300 °C (572 °F; 573 K) |
| Solubility in water | insoluble (at 20 °C) |
| Solubility | Soluble in acetone, methanol |
| Hazards | |
| **GHS** labelling: | |
| Pictograms |  |
| Signal word | **Danger** |
| Hazard statements | H290, H301, H302, H315, H318, H372, H410 |
| Precautionary statements | P234, P260, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P304+P340, P321, P330, P362+P364, P363, P390, P391, P405, P406, P501 |
| **NFPA 704** (fire diamond) |  |
| Flash point | 54 °C (129 °F; 327 K) |
| Safety data sheet (SDS) |  |
| Related compounds | |
| Related amines |  |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


title: Harry Marks (broadcast designer)

abstract: Harry Marks was a British-American broadcast designer who was renowned for his work in American television graphics. In 1984, Marks originated the idea for the TED Conference, which he co-founded with Richard Saul Wurman.

text:
# Harry Marks (broadcast designer)

**Harry Marks** (March 11, 1931 – April 21, 2019) was a British-American broadcast designer who was renowned for his work in American television graphics. In 1984, Marks originated the idea for the TED Conference, which he co-founded with Richard Saul Wurman.

## Biography

### Early life

Marks was born in England. When he was 15, he worked for Oxford University Press as a typographer and publications designer. At the age of 18, he immigrated to San Francisco, where he worked for the University of California Press. He eventually went to work for ABC in the 1960s, assigned to make on-screen graphics more attractive. Marks would eventually do work for CBS and NBC as well.

### ABC Movie of the Week intro

Marks created the groundbreaking intro for the ABC Movie of the Week. He hired Douglas Trumbull to create the graphics using the slit-scan process that Trumbull had created for the psychedelic climax of *2001: A Space Odyssey*. Most of his work through the 1970s used backlit animation multi-pass techniques, although Marks was one of the early adopters of CGI animation.

### 1977–78 ABC "Still the One" fall season promo

Marks began making fall season promos for ABC in 1969. In 1977, ABC felt they could not afford to film a promotional campaign for their upcoming TV season. Marks took the initiative to create one on his own. He was inspired by Toni Tennille rehearsing a pop rendition of the Orleans song, "Still the One," and used that phrase as the theme of the promo. His team asked people on the street in various cities to give a "number one" hand gesture or a thumbs-up gesture and filmed them for a cinéma vérité style. These were combined into a fast-paced montage with various shots of "1" or "one" on items such as billboards, signs, clothing, and vehicles. With the exception of brief clips from older shows at the beginning of the promo, no TV personalities were visible. The promo cost $60,000 in total. ABC was impressed by the promo and asked Marks to make more, but insisted that subsequent campaigns feature the stars of ABC's prime time shows. Costs skyrocketed in the following years with the need for ancillary support for the actors – such as makeup, wardrobes, and transportation – as well as production crews. Marks continued to make promos for ABC through the 1982–83 "Come On Along" campaign. In 1984, 1985, and 1990, Marks worked on fall season promos for NBC.

His later TV work includes graphics and title sequences for NBC News Today, The Wonderful World of Disney and for prime-time movies such as the NBC Sunday Night Movie. He also created idents for all of the networks and WWOR-TV.

### Creating the TED Conference

With his personal history of using computers, CGI, and other technology in his projects, Marks had the idea to bring together all the people from various fields of technology, entertainment and design who worked together on projects. He discussed the concept with Richard Saul Wurman and they would co-found the TED Conference in 1984.

## Awards

In 1983, Marks received an Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement for his opening graphics for Entertainment Tonight. He received the first Lifetime Achievement Award given by the Broadcast Designers Association.

## Death

Marks retired in 2005 and died in 2019.

## InfoBox

| Harry Marks | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1931-03-11)March 11, 1931
England |
| Died | April 21, 2019(2019-04-21) (aged 88)
Pebble Beach, California, U.S. |
| Occupation | broadcast designer |
| Children | 2 |


title: Heinrich Julius von Kospoth

abstract: Count Heinrich Julius von Kospoth was a Hessian major general who served in the American Revolutionary War. He was first colonel of the Musketeer Regiment Wutgenau and later as a major general, commanded the First Hessian Division; consisting of the regiments Knyphausen, Ditfurth, Prince Frederick, Bose, Borbeck, Bunau, Benning and Knobloch as well as the Grenadier Battalion Angenelli.

text:
# Heinrich Julius von Kospoth

**Count Heinrich Julius von Kospoth** (8 March 1724 – 28 February, 1801) was a Hessian major general who served in the American Revolutionary War. He was first colonel of the Musketeer Regiment Wutgenau and later as a major general, commanded the First Hessian Division; consisting of the regiments Knyphausen, Ditfurth, Prince Frederick, Bose, Borbeck, Bunau, Benning and Knobloch as well as the Grenadier Battalion Angenelli.

## Early life

Kospoth was born at Schilbach, Tanna, Saale-Orla-Kreis, Thuringia on 8 March 1724, as the son of Johann August von Kospoth (1683-1758) and his wife, Sophie Friederike Amalie von Beulwitz (1691-1733).

By birth, he is the member of an old German noble family from Thuringia that stems from Kospoda near Neustadt an der Orla. On 27 July 1776 the family was raised to the hereditary title of Count in the Kingdom of Prussia by Frederick the Great.

## American Revolutionary War

Kospoth was colonel of the Musketeer Regiment Wutgenau (later Landgraf 1777) when it sailed for America. He was promoted to major general in February 1779 at the same time as Generals Friedrich Wilhelm von Lossberg, Carl von Bose and Johann von Huyan. Two of his nephews also served as officers in the Hessian Forces, Friedrich August Carl von Kospoth (1767–1832 Regiments Landgraf and Lengercke) he later served as Mayor of Breslau. and Ludwig von Kospoth (1757–1787 Regiments Landgraf and Lengercke).

### Siege of Charleston

Kospoth served with General Henry Clinton at the siege of Charleston, where the Hessians distinguished themselves by protecting the men digging the parallel trenches for besieging the City. Charleston with 3371 American and French troops was surrendered by General Lincoln on 12 May 1780. General Clinton praised the Hessian Grenadiers and paid them the compliment of wearing white plumes for their bravery and in his report praised in particular, Generals v. Huyne and v. Kospoth. Kospoth with part of the Hessian force left Charleston on 31 May 1780 for New York and went into Quarters on Staaten Island, thereby avoiding the eventual surrender of General Charles Cornwallis at Yorktown on 19 October 1781.

The Hessian Regiments serving at Charleston were the Regiments von Bose, von Linsingen, von Lengerke, von Minnigerode, Köler, von Wissenbach, von Huyn and the Feldjägerkorps.

### Court-martial into the Trenton "Surprise"

The court-martial into the "Surprise" at Trenton was ordered by Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel to investigate the events surrounding the defeat and surrender at Trenton and to punish those found to be responsible. He instructed Lieutenant-General Wilhelm von Knyphausen to convene a court-martial under a major general presiding and three officers on the court of each rank. Major general Heinrich Julius von Kospoth was appointed to be the presiding judge and 3 officers from every rank from colonel through ensign were also appointed.

*"You may order such courts-martial to carefully investigate all the circumstances of this affair and after due considerations pass judgment thereon. If any are found guilty according to law you should pass sentence on each one according as your conscience may dictate and send the verdict to me".*

The verdict of the court as rendered by Kospoth and Stabsauditeur Lotheisen, after hearing the findings from each of the ranked officers commencing with the junior officers through to the colonels blamed Colonel Johann Rall and Major Dechow for the disaster and acquitting all others, while recommending that the regiments involved at Trenton be given new colors.

On 15 August 1783 Kospoth and his troops sailed from New York, reaching home in October and November. Kospoth returned to Kassel in Hessen, where he died on 26 February 1801.

## Personal life

He married Wilhelmina Dorothea Charlotte von Heydwolff. They had one daughter, Countess Henriette von Kospoth (1766-1839), who married Johann Karl Jeremias von Lossberg (1759-1804), the son of Lieutenant general Friedrich Wilhelm von Lossberg. His great-niece Countess Stella von Kospoth (1811-1892) later married Baron Ernst Friedrich Moritz zu Innhausen und Knyphausen (1795-1894).


abstract: The New York Life Insurance Building is a 14-story building at 39 South LaSalle Street in the Loop neighborhood in Chicago, Illinois. Designed by William Le Baron Jenney, it was completed as a 12-story structure in 1894 at a cost of $800,000, equivalent to $28,172,308 in 2023. In 1898, Jenney designed a 92 ft (28 m) addition to the east of the original structure. This expanded the Monroe Street facade to 233 ft (71 m). The addition contained 13 floors and an additional floor was added to the first structure. The expansion also added an entrance on Monroe Street and enlarged the lobby. In 1903, a fourteenth floor was added bring the building to its current height. The building is faced with brick and terra cotta trim in the classical style. Prior to the additions, a cornice and parapet encircled the top, however these were removed to accommodate the expansion. The lobby retains its Georgia gray marble cladding and mosaic tile floor. Light fixtures are deco and appear to be from the 1920s. The building received preliminary landmark status in 2002, but in 2006, Preservation Chicago considered the building one of Chicago's most threatened. In June of that year a company submitted an application to the Chicago Plan Commission including plans to renovate the structure and build 29 South LaSalle, an adjacent 51 story office building. Later that month, the building was declared an official Chicago landmark, amended in 2009. In August 2014, KHP Capital Partners announced it purchased the structure and would convert it to a 293-room Kimpton hotel that will include a rooftop restaurant, meeting rooms, and retail space. The hotel, officially named The Kimpton Gray Hotel, opened in 2016.

text:
# New York Life Insurance Building (Chicago)

The **New York Life Insurance Building** is a 14-story building at 39 South LaSalle Street in the Loop neighborhood in Chicago, Illinois. Designed by William Le Baron Jenney, it was completed as a 12-story structure in 1894 at a cost of $800,000, equivalent to $28,172,308 in 2023. In 1898, Jenney designed a 92 ft (28 m) addition to the east of the original structure. This expanded the Monroe Street facade to 233 ft (71 m). The addition contained 13 floors and an additional floor was added to the first structure. The expansion also added an entrance on Monroe Street and enlarged the lobby. In 1903, a fourteenth floor was added bring the building to its current height.

The building is faced with brick and terra cotta trim in the classical style. Prior to the additions, a cornice and parapet encircled the top, however these were removed to accommodate the expansion. The lobby retains its Georgia gray marble cladding and mosaic tile floor. Light fixtures are deco and appear to be from the 1920s.

The building received preliminary landmark status in 2002, but in 2006, Preservation Chicago considered the building one of Chicago's most threatened. In June of that year a company submitted an application to the Chicago Plan Commission including plans to renovate the structure and build 29 South LaSalle, an adjacent 51 story office building. Later that month, the building was declared an official Chicago landmark, amended in 2009.

In August 2014, KHP Capital Partners announced it purchased the structure and would convert it to a 293-room Kimpton hotel that will include a rooftop restaurant, meeting rooms, and retail space. The hotel, officially named The Kimpton Gray Hotel, opened in 2016.

## InfoBox

| New York Life Insurance Building | |
| --- | --- |
| (1900) | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Status | Completed |
| Location | Chicago, Illinois |
| Coordinates | 41°52′53.2″N 87°37′56.2″W / 41.881444°N 87.632278°W / 41.881444; -87.632278 |
| Completed | 1894 |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 14 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | William Le Baron Jenney |
|  | |
| Chicago Landmark | |
| Designated | July 26, 2006 |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Allen Steckle

abstract: Allen Chubb Steckle was an American football player and coach. He played tackle for the University of Michigan from 1897 to 1899 and was selected as an All-American in 1898. Steckle served as the head football coach at the Nevada State University—now known as the University of Nevada, Reno—from 1901 to 1903 and Oregon State University, known then as Oregon Agricultural College, from 1904 to 1905, compiling a career head coaching record of 16–14–2. In 1903, his Nevada State Sagebrushers team, drawn from a school with 80 students, defeated the California Golden Bears.

text:
# Allen Steckle

**Allen Chubb Steckle** (July 1872 – March 4, 1938) was an American football player and coach. He played tackle for the University of Michigan from 1897 to 1899 and was selected as an All-American in 1898. Steckle served as the head football coach at the Nevada State University—now known as the University of Nevada, Reno—from 1901 to 1903 and Oregon State University, known then as Oregon Agricultural College, from 1904 to 1905, compiling a career head coaching record of 16–14–2. In 1903, his Nevada State Sagebrushers team, drawn from a school with 80 students, defeated the California Golden Bears.

## Early years

Steckle was born in July 1872 at Freeman, Michigan. His father, Abraham B. Steckle, was born in Waterloo Township, Ontario, Canada, in 1842, and worked as a farmer. His mother, Sarah (Furtney) Steckle, was also a native of Waterloo Township. His parents were married in December 1867 in Waterloo County, Ontario. At the time of the 1880 United States Census, Steckle was residing with his parents and six siblings in Campbell Township, Michigan.

## University of Michigan

Steckle played football for the University of Michigan from 1897 to 1899 and was captain of the 1899 team. In 1898, Steckle was among the first western players to be named to an All-American team after being selected by Walter Camp as his second-team tackle. He helped Michigan win its first Western Conference championship in 1898 and was selected as the best tackle in the West. One newspaper wrote that he was "as good a defensive player as one will find anywhere."

## Coaching career

### Nevada State

From 1901 to 1903, Steckle served as the head football coach at the Nevada State University. In 1903, he was also appointed to the position as the university's Physical Director. In his three seasons as the head coach, he compiled a 6–9–2 record. When Steckle's Nevada Sagebrushers team defeated the California Golden Bears in 1903, it was the cause of a statewide celebration. The entire front page of the *Daily Nevada State Journal* was given to coverage of the game, and the banner headline read: "CALIFORNIA'S PROUD COLORS LOWERED BY THE DOUGHTY ELEVEN FROM SAGEBRUSHDOM." Steckle's picture appeared on the front page, and the paper praised his efforts in turning Nevada into a football power:

> Out of the eighty students of the N.S.U. have been selected eleven young men who were moulded into shape by Dr. Steckle, the best football coach who ever came to the Coast. He made of them the peers of the flower of the California universities.

The victory of a university with only 80 students over the University of California with its 3,000 students was hailed as a historic accomplishment, and "Coach Steckle's brand of 'roughhouse'" play was given much of the credit.

Steckle's star players at Nevada State from 1901 to 1903 were his younger brother, Ivan X. Steckle, who played halfback, and Abe Steckle, who played tackle. Ivan Steckle was reportedly "the hero of all Nevada during the football season of 1903, when in a game with the University of California on the U.C. field, he grabbed the football close to the Nevada goal line and made a wonderful 86-yard run to the California goal line, scoring a touchdown for the Sagebrush players and bringing victory to the team." Ivan left Nevada after the 1903 season to follow his older brother to the University of Michigan Medical School. Ivan died from typhoid fever in 1909, and Steckle accompanied his brother's body to the family's old home in Freeport, Michigan.

In 1919, a Nevada newspaper rated Steckle as the best football coach Nevada ever had and described his accomplishments as follows:

> It was under the coaching of Dr. Steckle that Nevada was able to defeat the University of California and play a tie with Stanford as well as bang it over the crack athletic club teams that San Francisco boasted when the great college game was in its hey dey. He was rated at that time as one of the best coaches in the West.

Steckle was also remembered at Nevada for his ability to instill "college spirit" in the school's student body. In 1919, a Nevada newspaper noted that "there was more enthusiasm displayed in college athletics while he was coach than there has been in all the years since he left." As a medical doctor and athletic coach, Steckle was also known for his belief in physical conditioning. He was known to require every athlete to be in perfect physical condition before playing in any intercollegiate or "big" game.

Steckle was also a basketball coach. While at Nevada, he coached the women's basketball team to "a high stage of perfection, being able to take the measure of all the coast college teams."

### Oregon State University

After his success with the 1903 Nevada State team, Steckle was offered a higher salary to take over as the football coach at Oregon State University. He served as Oregon State's head coach from 1904 to 1905 and compiled a 10–5 record in those two seasons.

## Medical career

After graduating from the University of Michigan in 1899, Steckle enrolled in the Illinois College of Physicians and Surgeons. Steckle's principal profession was as a medical doctor and surgeon. However, he took time out of his medical practice to coach college football for several years.

After the 1905 football season, Steckle decided to quit coaching and focus on his medical practice. At the time of the 1920 United States Census, he was living in Vancouver, Washington with his wife, Margaret (born c. 1887) and two daughters, Catherine J. Steckle and Sarah E. Steckle. His occupation was listed as a physician in general practice. He maintained his medical practice for many years in Battle Ground, Washington. At the time of the 1930 United States Census, Steckle was living in South Battle Ground, Washington, with daughters Catherine J. and S. Elizabeth Steckle, and his sister-in-law, Nesbit Daline. His occupation was listed as a physician and surgeon.

## Death

On March 4, 1938, Steckle, 65, was found dead beside his automobile on a side road near his home with "a .38 caliber bullet through his head." Steckle left his home the previous night for a house call and never returned. Several threatening letters were found among Steckle's papers, including one demanding "$2,000 or else."

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Nevada State Sagebrushers** *(Independent)* (1901–1903) | | | | | | | | |
| 1901 | Nevada State | 3–3 |  |  |  |
| 1902 | Nevada State | 1–2 |  |  |  |
| 1903 | Nevada State | 2–4–2 |  |  |  |
| **Nevada State:** | | 6–9–2 |  |  | | | | |
| **Oregon Agricultural Aggies** *(Independent)* (1904–1905) | | | | | | | | |
| 1904 | Oregon Agricultural | 4–2 |  |  |  |
| 1905 | Oregon Agricultural | 6–3 |  |  |  |
| **Oregon Agricultural:** | | 10–5 |  |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 16–14–2 |  | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

Allen Steckle
| Steckle pictured in *The Official National Collegiate Athletic Association football guide, 1899* | |
| --- | --- |
| Biographical details | |
| Born | July 1872<br>Freeport, Michigan, U.S. |
| Died | March 4, 1938(1938-03-04) (aged 65) |
| Playing career | |
| 1897–1899 | Michigan |
|  | |
| Position(s) | Tackle |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| 1901–1903 | Nevada State |
| 1904–1905 | Oregon Agricultural |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 16–14–2 |
| Accomplishments and honors | |
| Awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: My Stepmother Is an Alien

abstract: My Stepmother Is an Alien is a 1988 American science fiction comedy film directed by Richard Benjamin. It stars Dan Aykroyd, Kim Basinger, Jon Lovitz, and Alyson Hannigan. The film follows the story of Celeste, an extraterrestrial woman who is sent on a secret mission to Earth, after her home planet's gravity is mistakenly disrupted by Steven Mills, a widowed scientist raising his daughter Jessie as a single father. The film was the film debut of Juliette Lewis. The screenplay was written by Herschel Weingrod, Timothy Harris, and Jonathan Reynolds, based on an earlier script by Jericho Stone. Stone had originally pitched the film to Paramount Pictures as a drama that would serve as an allegory for child abuse. When Paramount optioned the story, they suggested that it would be more believable as a comedy. The film was unproduced for four years until Weintraub Entertainment Group put it into production in 1988. My Stepmother Is an Alien was a box-office bomb, grossing only $13.8 million against a $19 million budget. The film also received negative reviews from critics, with most of the responses panning the film's humor and screenplay. Basinger and costar Lovitz received generally favorable reviews for their comedic performances, but in a New York Times review, Aykroyd was singled out for criticism for his performance as a romantic lead.

text:
# My Stepmother Is an Alien

***My Stepmother Is an Alien*** is a 1988 American science fiction comedy film directed by Richard Benjamin. It stars Dan Aykroyd, Kim Basinger, Jon Lovitz, and Alyson Hannigan. The film follows the story of Celeste, an extraterrestrial woman who is sent on a secret mission to Earth, after her home planet's gravity is mistakenly disrupted by Steven Mills, a widowed scientist raising his daughter Jessie as a single father. The film was the film debut of Juliette Lewis.

The screenplay was written by Herschel Weingrod, Timothy Harris, and Jonathan Reynolds, based on an earlier script by Jericho Stone. Stone had originally pitched the film to Paramount Pictures as a drama that would serve as an allegory for child abuse. When Paramount optioned the story, they suggested that it would be more believable as a comedy. The film was unproduced for four years until Weintraub Entertainment Group put it into production in 1988.

*My Stepmother Is an Alien* was a box-office bomb, grossing only $13.8 million against a $19 million budget. The film also received negative reviews from critics, with most of the responses panning the film's humor and screenplay. Basinger and costar Lovitz received generally favorable reviews for their comedic performances, but in a *New York Times* review, Aykroyd was singled out for criticism for his performance as a romantic lead.

## Plot

Steven Mills is a widowed scientist working on different ways to send radio waves into deep space. After he sends a radio wave out of the galaxy, it hits a planet (Cosine N to the 8th), causing a disruption of gravity on the planet. Celeste is sent to investigate who could have done it and how it was done, believing it was an attack. She is aided by a device called Bag: an alien tentacle with a single eye and a mind of its own disguised as a designer purse. Bag is able to create any object, such as diamonds and designer dresses, almost instantaneously. Celeste crashes a party hosted by Steven's brother, Ron, and immediately draws attention to herself by making outdated references to TV shows and political slogans under the mistaken belief that they are current (information that had actually taken 92 years to get from Earth to her home world).

Celeste's inexperience almost results in her exposing herself as alien as she struggles with simple tasks such as cooking and trying to kiss for the first time. She goes home with Steven and spends the night (after Bag teaches her what sex is, which she greatly enjoys to the extent that fireworks appear above her during the experience). Jessie, Steven's 13-year-old daughter, is at first happy that her father has found someone (her mother having died five years previously) but becomes suspicious when she observes Celeste eating the acid out of batteries and pulling eggs out of boiling hot water with her bare hands. She unsuccessfully tries to convince her smitten father that something is unusual about Celeste. When Celeste tells him that she must leave in 24 hours, he impulsively proposes and she accepts. Ron also has his doubts about Celeste and tries to dissuade Steven from marrying her on the idea she is an illegal immigrant or planning economic espionage, but then admits he is just jealous his brother has found his dream girl, whereas he will never find a girl like Princess Stéphanie of Monaco.

Celeste begins enjoying life as a human as she encounters new experiences such as sneezing and love. When Jessie finally confronts her about being an extraterrestrial, Celeste admits her home world has no emotion and that she plans to depart once she gets Steven to recreate the radio signal and send it (which she says will reverse the gravity problems on her world). That said, she begins to question her decisions when Jessie says it will devastate her father for whom Celeste has now developed feelings. After Jessie argues with Steven, she runs away and is nearly hit by a car but is saved by Celeste, who reveals her powers in the process. Steven accepts that Celeste is indeed an alien and that she has fallen in love with him and sees Jessie as her daughter. He further ingratiates her to human society by showing her how to eat real food.

Steven figures out how to recreate the radio wave and saves Celeste's planet. Bag, however, had been sent to Earth to destroy it and eliminate the danger to Celeste's world entirely. After throwing Bag into the power field of the wave transmitter (destroying Bag), the leaders of Celeste's home world report in and tell her to finish Bag's job. Steven and Celeste manage to convince them it was an accident, not an act of aggression, and that Earth has many benefits that require further studying. They accept the explanation and demand that Celeste return to explain human culture to them. Not wanting to leave, Celeste negotiates having a native of Earth become an ambassador to their world as a token of goodwill. Ron is selected and accepts; he departs for Celeste's world in a spaceship served by several flight attendants, all of whom look like Princess Stéphanie (who are enchanted by Ron's classic car, which he takes with him).

## Cast

## Production

### Development and writing

Screenwriter Jericho Stone developed the story under the working title *They’re Coming* as a drama, an allegory about child abuse. He pitched this version of the story to Paramount Pictures in 1981. Paramount agreed to option the story and paid him to write the screenplay, but felt it would be more believable as a comedy. On June 20, 1984, *Variety* reported that Catalina Production Group was planning to start principal photography on *They're Coming* in late 1984 for Paramount, naming the screenwriters as Stone and Richard Benner; actresses considered for the lead by Paramount included Bette Midler, Shelley Long, Julie Andrews and Raquel Welch. Subsequently, the production moved to 20th Century Fox, which hired Herschel Weingrod and Timothy Harris to rewrite the screenplay. Fox considered Cybill Shepherd and Joan Rivers for the role, but ultimately never produced the film, and it went into turnaround to Weintraub Entertainment Group, where the title was changed to *Two Kids*.

Director Richard Benjamin read an unfinished version of the screenplay in the early 1980s, but did not become interested in the project until reading a completed draft he received via Weintraub in 1987, and agreed to direct. From Benjamin's recollection, Stone's original screenplay resembled a horror film. By 1988, the screenplay had received further rewriting by Jonathan Reynolds. Stone was ultimately credited only for the story, under his first name, Jericho. The film went into principal photography on February 29, 1988, and wrapped in May of that year; the total cost of production and marketing was reported as $26 million, with $19 million representing the production costs. Some scenes were filmed at Van Nuys High School and Anaheim Stadium.

Don Correia served as the choreographer for *My Stepmother Is an Alien*. Micaela Esdra dubbed for Kim Basinger in Italian while Choi Seong-woo dubbed for Basinger for South Korean audiences.

## Music

The soundtrack album was released by Polydor Records.

1. Room to Move \- Animotion (4:12)
2. Not Just Another Girl - Ivan Neville (4:05)
3. Be the One - Jackie Jackson (4:15)
4. I Like the World - Cameo (6:11)
5. One Good Lover - Siren (3:51)
6. Hot Wives - Dan Aykroyd (2:53)
7. Pump Up the Volume \- M.A.R.R.S. (4:06)
8. Enjoy - Alan Silvestri (2:54)
9. The Klystron - Alan Silvestri (5:33)
10. The Celeste - Alan Silvestri (4:56)
11. Kiss \- Art of Noise feat. Tom Jones (3:30)

Dan Aykroyd and Kim Basinger performed impressions of Jimmy Durante from *The Man Who Came to Dinner* singing "Did You Ever Have the Feeling" in *My Stepmother Is an Alien*.

## Release

A July press release for the film stated that *My Stepmother Is An Alien* would be released on November 23, 1988, but it was later pushed to December 9. The film premiered on December 3, 1988, in Washington, D.C., an event attended by stars Aykroyd and Basinger, as well as President George H. W. Bush, future First Lady Barbara Bush and Vice President-elect Dan Quayle. Upon general release, Mayor of Los Angeles Tom Bradley declared December 9 "Stepmother Day", to honor the "importance, dedication, and contribution of stepmothers everywhere", and an appreciation of the film shooting in Los Angeles.

## Reception

### Box office

The film opened at number seven, grossing $2,066,980 in the opening weekend. It went on to gross $13,854,000 in the United States, becoming a box-office failure.

### Critical response

Although *My Stepmother Is an Alien* received negative reviews, Kim Basinger (left) and Jon Lovitz (right) were praised for their performances in the film.

The film was met with negative reviews. Roger Ebert wrote, "Basinger gets most of the good comic moments in the movie and does with them what she can, but Benjamin and his writers seem to have run short of invention. Most of the plot developments are foregone conclusions, and most of the big set pieces (like a wedding) are handled routinely, without inspiration." Janet Maslin, reviewing the film for *The New York Times*, panned the film's screenplay and humor, as well as the performance of Dan Aykroyd, who she felt was not only miscast as the film's romantic lead, but also unfunny. However, Maslin praised the performances of Kim Basinger and Jon Lovitz, whose character she categorized as a "scene-stealing sleazeball".

In a generally favorable review, Kevin Thomas of the *Los Angeles Times* criticized the film's sex humor, calling it "needlessly crass", but overall praised the film, writing, "*My Stepmother Is an Alien* is solid, wide-appeal holiday fare. It makes the best use of Aykroyd's warmth and proven talents in quite some time, and it does even more for Basinger, showing that she can be as funny and smart as she is sexy." The *Radio Times* gave the film three out of five stars, writing, "Fine moments of inspired lunacy jostle with predictably slight comic relief, but Basinger's eager-to-please freshness and verve make this intergalactic muddle impossible to dislike."

*Variety* called the film a "failed attempt to mix many of the film genres associated with the 'alien' idea into a sprightly romp." *TV Guide* gave the film one star, calling it "A standard formula comedy \[which\] tries to emulate popular alien-on-Earth films like *Starman*. Had it actually been told from the perspective of the scientist's daughter, as the title suggests, it might have been more appealing, but instead a predictable, amateurish script shifts the focus elsewhere." Writing in *People*, Peter Travers said that director Richard Benjamin "tries to disguise the threadbare plot with explosions and special-effects hardware", and called the film "a clanking bore, except for Basinger—a potential star still waiting for the vehicle that will let her shine. Her comic talent glimmers in a scene where she learns what a kiss is." *Time Out* wrote, "The film offers several entertaining sequences, \[but *My Stepmother Is an Alien*\] is marred by cruel and juvenile gags."

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a score of 20% based on reviews from 25 critics, with an average rating of 4/10. The consensus states: "Kim Basinger is otherworldly funny in this harebrained sci-fi rom com, but she still can't save *My Stepmother Is an Alien* from alienating intelligent earthlings." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 47 out of 100 based on 14 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade "B−" on scale of A to F.

## Namesake

A South Korean branch of Baskin-Robbins released an ice cream flavor called "Mom is an alien" named after the movie.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| My Stepmother Is an Alien | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Richard Benjamin |
| Written by |  |
| Based on | Original screenplay
by Jericho Stone |
| Produced by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Richard H. Kline |
| Edited by | Jacqueline Cambas |
| Music by | Alan Silvestri |
| Production
company | Weintraub Entertainment Group |
| Distributed by | Columbia Pictures |
| Release date | * December 9, 1988 (1988-12-09) |
| Running time | 108 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $19 million |
| Box office | $13.8 million |


title: Phalanger

abstract:
Phalanger is a genus of possums. Its members are found on New Guinea, the Maluku Islands, other nearby small islands, and Australia's Cape York Peninsula. They are marsupials of the family Phalangeridae, and are one of the four genera whose species are commonly referred to as cuscuses.
  - Genus Phalanger
    - Gebe cuscus, P. alexandrae
    - Mountain cuscus, P. carmelitae
    - Ground cuscus, P. gymnotis
    - Eastern common cuscus, P. intercastellanus
    - Woodlark cuscus, P. lullulae
    - Blue-eyed cuscus, P. matabiru
    - Telefomin cuscus, P. matanim
    - Southern common cuscus, P. mimicus
    - Northern common cuscus, P. orientalis
    - Ornate cuscus, P. ornatus
    - Rothschild's cuscus, P. rothschildi
    - Silky cuscus, P. sericeus
    - Stein's cuscus, P. vestitus

text:
# Phalanger

***Phalanger*** (from the Greek *phalangion*, meaning spider's web, from their webbed (fused) toes) is a genus of possums. Its members are found on New Guinea, the Maluku Islands, other nearby small islands, and Australia's Cape York Peninsula. They are marsupials of the family Phalangeridae, and are one of the four genera whose species are commonly referred to as cuscuses.

## InfoBox

| *Phalanger* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Phalanger gymnotis* at Cotswold Wildlife Park | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Infraclass: | Marsupialia |
| Order: | Diprotodontia |
| Family: | Phalangeridae |
| Subfamily: | Phalangerinae |
| Tribe: | Phalangerini |
| Genus: | *Phalanger*
Storr, 1780 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Didelphis orientalis*
Pallas, 1766 | |
| Species | |
| 13, see text | |


title: Piperlongumine

abstract: Piperlongumine is an amide alkaloid constituent of the fruit of the long pepper, a pepper plant found in southern India and southeast Asia. When extracted, piperlongumine may cause skin, eye or respiratory tract irritation.

text:
# Piperlongumine

**Piperlongumine** (also called **piplartine** or **piperlongumin**) is an amide alkaloid constituent of the fruit of the long pepper (*Piper longum*), a pepper plant found in southern India and southeast Asia. When extracted, piperlongumine may cause skin, eye or respiratory tract irritation.

## Traditional medicine and research

Long peppers have been used in Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine as a treatment.

Targtex, a biotechnology spin-off of the Portuguese Institute for Molecular Biology, developed a piperlongumine hydrogel that is to be applied after the removal of Glioblastoma tumours, with the goal of neutralizing remaining cancer cells. The hydrogel was effective in laboratory and animal studies and is scheduled for Phase I human clinical trials sometime in 2023.

## InfoBox

Piperlongumine
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name 1-\[(2*E*)-3-(3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl\]-5,6-dihydropyridin-2(1*H*)-one | |
| Other names Piplartine | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChEMBL |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.243.690 |
| PubChem CID |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C17H19NO5/c1-21-13-10-12(11-14(22-2)17(13)23-3)7-8-16(20)18-9-5-4-6-15(18)19/h4,6-8,10-11H,5,9H2,1-3H3/b8-7+ YKey: VABYUUZNAVQNPG-BQYQJAHWSA-N Y | |
| SMILES * O=C2\C=C/CCN2C(=O)\C=C\c1cc(OC)c(OC)c(OC)c1 | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C17H19NO5 |
| Molar mass | 317.341 g·mol−1 |
| Solubility | DMSO, DMF, ethanol |
| Hazards | |
| **GHS** labelling: | |
| Pictograms |  |
| Signal word | **Warning** |
| Hazard statements | H315, H319, H335 |
| Precautionary statements | P261, P264, P280 |
| Safety data sheet (SDS) |  |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?)  Infobox references | |


title: Yala railway station

abstract: Yaailwation is in Sateng Sub-district, Yala City, Yala Province. It is a class 1 station, 1,038.744 km (645.4 mi) from Thon Buri railway station. It opened in November 1919 as part of the Southern Line Khlong Sai-Balo section. The railway extended to Su-ngai Kolok in September 1921 to connect to the Malaysian railways.

text:
# Yala railway station

**Yaailwation** is in Sateng Sub-district, Yala City, Yala Province. It is a class 1 station, 1,038.744 km (645.4 mi) from Thon Buri railway station. It opened in November 1919 as part of the Southern Line Khlong Sai-Balo section. The railway extended to Su-ngai Kolok in September 1921 to connect to the Malaysian railways.

## Train services

* Thaksin Special Express train No. 37 / 38 Bangkok - Su-ngai Kolok - Bangkok
* Diesel Rail Special Express train No. 41 / 42 Bangkok - Yala - Bangkok
* Rapid train No. 169 / 170 Bangkok - Yala - Bangkok
* Rapid train No. 171 / 172 Bangkok - Su-ngai Kolok - Bangkok
* Rapid train No. 175 / 176 Hat Yai Junction - Su-ngai Kolok - Hat Yai Junction
* Local train No. 447 / 448 Surat Thani - Su-ngai Kolok - Surat Thani
* Local train No. 451 / 452 Nakhon Si Thammarat- Su-ngai Kolok- Nakhon Si Thammarat
* Local train No. 453 / 454 Yala - Su-ngai Kolok - Yala
* Local train No. 455 / 456 Nakhon Si Thammarat- Yala -Nakhon Si Thammarat
* Local train No. 463 / 464 Phatthalung-Su-ngai Kolok-Phatthalung

* "(untitled)". Archived from the original on September 27, 2007.
* 岡本和之 (1993). *タイ鉄道旅行*. めこん. ISBN 4-8396-0080-5.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* 柿崎一郎 (2010). *王国の鉄路 タイ鉄道の歴史*. 京都大学学術出版会. ISBN 978-4-87698-848-8.
* 渡邉乙弘 (2013). *タイ国鉄4000キロの旅*. 文芸社. ISBN 978-4-286-13041-5.

6°33′38″N 101°17′34″E / 6.5606°N 101.2928°E / 6.5606; 101.2928

## InfoBox

| Yala<br>ยะลา | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Sibamrung Road, Sateng Sub-district, Yala City |
| Owned by | State Railway of Thailand |
| Line(s) | Southern Line |
| Platforms | 3 |
| Tracks | 5 |
| Other information | |
| Station code | ยล. |
| History | |
| Opened | November 1919 |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  State Railway of Thailand Following station  Tasetowards Bangkok (Hua Lamphong) or Krung Thep Aphiwat  Southern Line  Mai Kaentowards Su-ngai Kolok | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Roger Ressmeyer

abstract: Roger Ressmeyer was an American photographer. He specialized in a number of fields in photography, including photojournalism, celebrity portraits, musicians, nature and the environment, space and space exploration, and science and technology. He was also an entrepreneur, starting his own photography agency that was ultimately purchased by Bill Gates and merged into the photography agency Corbis, an author, a futurist, a stock photography industry executive, and an advocate for photographers.

text:
# Roger Ressmeyer

**Roger Ressmeyer** (February 11, 1954 – August 23, 2018) was an American photographer. He specialized in a number of fields in photography, including photojournalism, celebrity portraits, musicians, nature and the environment, space and space exploration, and science and technology. He was also an entrepreneur, starting his own photography agency that was ultimately purchased by Bill Gates and merged into the photography agency Corbis, an author, a futurist, a stock photography industry executive, and an advocate for photographers.

## Early life

Ressmeyer was raised in Malverne, New York. He was the son, grandson, and great-grandson of Lutheran ministers. He developed a fascination with the Solar System, the universe, and space exploration at an early age, which led him to build model rockets. He also developed an interest in photography at a young age. He merged the two interests at the age of 13, building a telescope with an attached camera. Also at 13 he visited the Grumman Aerospace Corporation factory in Long Island and saw the Lunar Landing Module that was used in the Apollo program in 1969. His early experiences led him to dream of becoming an astronaut.

## Career

Ressmeyer tried to pursue his aspiration of becoming an astronaut, but he was unable to do so due to having diabetes. His photography career began with his photographs of Jefferson Airplane. He had moved to San Francisco after graduating from Yale University with a degree in psychology in 1975 and had met band members Grace Slick and Paul Kantner. He photographed the band and they helped him begin the business of licensing his work. He would go on to photograph a number of well-known figures, including Tom Wolfe, Robert Ludlum, Ansel Adams, and Rupert Murdoch, among many others along with shooting album covers for Huey Lewis and the News.

Ressmeyer then expanded his career by photographically exploring what had most inspired him as a youth, the universe beyond Earth. He became a trusted professional in the field of space photography, so much so that NASA brought him on as a photography advisor and instructor for astronauts bound for space in 1991. He further expanded into science and technology. He founded the agency Star Light Photo Agency in 1992, and then sold it to Bill Gates, who incorporated it into the Corbis agency. He became a senior photo editor at Corbis and then became an executive at Getty Images. In 2005 he was elected president of PACA, the Picture Archive Council of America, a stock photography trade organization.

His work has appeared in publications including *National Geographic*, *Stern*, *Geo*, *The New York Times*, and many others. He is the author of a number of books, including *Space Places*, which has a foreword by Colonel Edwin E. (Buzz) Aldrin Jr., the second person to walk on the Moon. In 2006, he founded the photography agency Science Faction Images, a rights-managed agency focused on science, technology, and natural history images. Ressmeyer sold Science Faction to Superstock, a leading global photography agency, in 2012.

## Personal life

Ressmeyer taught a class in rocketry at the Bush School, Seattle, Washington. He died of a stroke in August, of 2018, after surviving cancer.

## InfoBox

| Roger Ressmeyer | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1954-02-11)11 February 1954<br>Malverne, New York, US |
| Died | 23 August 2018(2018-08-23) (aged 64) |
| Education | Yale University |
| Occupation | Photographer |


title: Alliance Furnace

abstract: The Alliance Furnace, also known as Jacob's Creek Furnace and the Alliance Iron Works, is an historic iron furnace, which is located in Perry Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

text:
# Alliance Furnace

The **Alliance Furnace**, also known as Jacob's Creek Furnace and the Alliance Iron Works, is an historic iron furnace, which is located in Perry Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

## History and architectural features

Built in 1789, the Alliance Furnace is a stone structure measuring twenty-five feet square by fifteen feet high.

Also located on the same property is a charcoal house which measures 40 by 25 by 20 feet (12.2 by 7.6 by 6.1 m). It was built as a blast furnace, placed in blast in 1792 and closed in 1802.

The Alliance Furnace was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Alliance Furnace | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| Pennsylvania state historical marker | |
|  | |
| Ruins of the furnace | |
|  | |
| Location | Off Township 568 at Jacobs Creek, northeast of Perryopolis, Perry Township, Pennsylvania |
| Coordinates | 40°6′45″N 79°43′3″W / 40.11250°N 79.71750°W / 40.11250; -79.71750 |
| Area | 4 acres (1.6 ha) |
| Built | 1789 |
| Architectural style | Iron furnace |
| MPS | Iron and Steel Resources of Pennsylvania MPS |
| NRHP reference No. | 91001130 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | September 6, 1991 |
| Designated PHMC | November 22, 1946 |


title: Meigs County Fairgrounds

abstract: The Meigs County Fairgrounds is a county fairgrounds located north of Pomeroy in Meigs County, Ohio, United States. Some of the fairgrounds has been designated a historic site, with particular emphasis having been placed on the fairgrounds' racetrack and its associated grandstand. The first Meigs County Fair was held in the village of Middleport on Wednesday, October 22, 1851. In 1968, Jane and Leonard Carleton sold 10 1/4 acres to the Meigs County Agricultural Society. This land would become part of the Rocksprings Fairgrounds. Jane Carleton deeded 98 additional rods of land to the Meigs County Agricultural Society on Christmas Eve of 1899. The construction dates of some elements of the grounds are unknown, but the present sharply-curved racetrack was finished in 1889 or earlier, when it was converted from a one-third mile track into a half mile track. In 1890, donations by average citizens paid for the construction of a grandstand by the track to supplement a nearby hillside where fairgoers had previously sat. Instead of being placed simply along one side of the track, the grandstand curves around the northeastern turn of the track; it is the only curved grandstand at an Ohio county fairgrounds. The grandstand is capable of holding one thousand people. In 1946, a Junior Fair Board was established, and it is made up of kids from groups that make up the Junior Fair. The Junior Fair Board is still in effect to this day. In 1982, much of the fairgrounds, including the racetrack and grandstand, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Besides the unusual method of construction seen in the grandstand and track, the fairgrounds qualified for its importance in the area's social history as a reflection of the importance of fairgoing, especially harness racing at the track, to Meigs County residents.

text:
# Meigs County Fairgrounds

The **Meigs County Fairgrounds** is a county fairgrounds located north of Pomeroy in Meigs County, Ohio, United States. Some of the fairgrounds has been designated a historic site, with particular emphasis having been placed on the fairgrounds' racetrack and its associated grandstand.

The first Meigs County Fair was held in the village of Middleport on Wednesday, October 22, 1851. In 1968, Jane and Leonard Carleton sold 10 1/4 acres to the Meigs County Agricultural Society. This land would become part of the Rocksprings Fairgrounds. Jane Carleton deeded 98 additional rods of land to the Meigs County Agricultural Society on Christmas Eve of 1899. The construction dates of some elements of the grounds are unknown, but the present sharply-curved racetrack was finished in 1889 or earlier, when it was converted from a one-third mile track into a half mile track. In 1890, donations by average citizens paid for the construction of a grandstand by the track to supplement a nearby hillside where fairgoers had previously sat. Instead of being placed simply along one side of the track, the grandstand curves around the northeastern turn of the track; it is the only curved grandstand at an Ohio county fairgrounds. The grandstand is capable of holding one thousand people.

In 1946, a Junior Fair Board was established, and it is made up of kids from groups that make up the Junior Fair. The Junior Fair Board is still in effect to this day.

In 1982, much of the fairgrounds, including the racetrack and grandstand, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Besides the unusual method of construction seen in the grandstand and track, the fairgrounds qualified for its importance in the area's social history as a reflection of the importance of fairgoing, especially harness racing at the track, to Meigs County residents.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Meigs County Fairgrounds, Grandstand and Racetrack | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Buildings at the fairgrounds | |
|  | |
| Location | State Route 124 near Rock Springs, Ohio |
| Coordinates | 39°3′44″N 82°0′53″W / 39.06222°N 82.01472°W / 39.06222; -82.01472 |
| Area | 11 acres (4.5 ha) |
| Built | 1889 |
| NRHP reference No. | 82001473 |
| Added to NRHP | November 29, 1982 |