title: Molecular vapor deposition

abstract: Molecular vapor deposition is the gas-phase reaction between surface reactive chemicals and an appropriately receptive surface. Often bi-functional silanes are used in which one termination of the molecule is reactive. For example, a functional chlorosilane (R-Si-Cl3) can react with surface hydroxyl groups (-OH) resulting a radicalized (R) deposition on the surface. The advantage of a gas phase reaction over a comparable liquid phase process is the control of moisture from the ambient environment, which often results in cross polymerization of the silane leading to particulates on the treated surface. Often a heated sub-atmospheric vacuum chamber is used to allow precise control of the reactants and water content. Additionally the gas phase process allows for easy treatment of complex parts since the coverage of the reactant is generally diffusion limited. Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) sensors often use molecular vapor deposition as a technique to address stiction and other parasitic issues relative to surface-to-surface interactions.

text:
# Molecular vapor deposition

**Molecular vapor deposition** is the gas-phase reaction between surface reactive chemicals and an appropriately receptive surface. Often bi-functional silanes are used in which one termination of the molecule is reactive. For example, a functional chlorosilane (R-Si-Cl3) can react with surface hydroxyl groups (-OH) resulting a radicalized (R) deposition on the surface. The advantage of a gas phase reaction over a comparable liquid phase process is the control of moisture from the ambient environment, which often results in cross polymerization of the silane leading to particulates on the treated surface. Often a heated sub-atmospheric vacuum chamber is used to allow precise control of the reactants and water content. Additionally the gas phase process allows for easy treatment of complex parts since the coverage of the reactant is generally diffusion limited. Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) sensors often use molecular vapor deposition as a technique to address stiction and other parasitic issues relative to surface-to-surface interactions.


title: Mohammed Fareeduddin

abstract: Mohammed Fareeduddin was an Indian politician who served as a Member of the Telangana Legislative Council. He was elected unopposed as a Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) candidate in 2016.

text:
# Mohammed Fareeduddin

**Mohammed Fareeduddin** (14 October 1957 – 29 December 2021) was an Indian politician who served as a Member of the Telangana Legislative Council. He was elected unopposed as a Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) candidate in 2016.

## Political career

Fareeduddin was a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Andhra Pradesh for ten years to 2009. He began his political career as a sarpanch of chota Hyderabad and Hothi B in Zahirabad mandal, representing the Zahirabad constituency as an Indian National Congress (INC) politician. In the 2009 elections, the constituency, which had elected INC members in all but one of the elections since 1957, became reserved for candidates from the Scheduled Castes and his party preferred to put J. Geeta Reddy forward as their candidate. Therefore, Fareeduddin instead contested the Amberpet constituency, where he lost to G. Kishan Reddy of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He joined the TRS in August 2014.

In 2016, as a TRS politician, Fareeduddin was elected as a Member of the Legislative Council of Telangana, a state that had been created in 2014 by the bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh. The position had become vacant following the election of Thummala Nageswara Rao as an MLA. The election under the terms of the MLA's quota was unopposed.

### Posts held

Fareeduddin became a minister in May 2004, when he was appointed in the government of Y. S. R. Reddy. He was Minister for Minority Welfare and Fisheries in 2004 and still in that office around February 2007. He became Minister for Co-operation in April 2007.

## Personal life and death

Fareeduddin was born on 14 October 1957 in Hothi B village, Zaheerabad, Telangana, India.

He died from cardiac arrest at a private hospital in Hyderabad, on 29 December 2021, at the age of 67.

## InfoBox

| Mohammed Fareeduddin | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Minister of Minority Welfare, Wakf, Sugar, Urdu Academy, and Hajj of Andhra Pradesh | |
| **In office**
2004  February 2007 | |
| Constituency | Zahirabad Assembly constituency |
| Minister of Co-operation and Fisheries & Public Enterprises of Andhra Pradesh | |
| **In office**
April 2007  2 September 2009 | |
| Succeeded by | Kasu Krishna Reddy |
| Constituency | Zahirabad Assembly constituency |
| Member of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly | |
| **In office**
1999–2009 | |
| Constituency | Zahirabad Assembly constituency |
| Chairman of the Committee on Welfare of Minorities of Telangana | |
| **In office**
2019  29 December 2021 | |
| Member of the Telangana Legislative Council | |
| **In office**
03 October 2016  03 June 2021 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1957-10-14)14 October 1957
Hothi B village, Zaheerabad, Telangana, India |
| Died | 29 December 2021(2021-12-29) (aged 64)
Hyderabad, Telangana, India |
| Political party | Telangana Rashtra Samithi
(from August 2014 to 29 December 2021) |
| Other political
affiliations | Indian National Congress
(until August 2014) |
| Children | 3 |
| Parents | * Mohammed Fakhruddin (father) * Fathimunisa Begum (mother) |
| Profession | Politician |
|  | |


title: Mombasa Cement Limited

abstract: Mombasa Cement Limited0706/01/85/07 (MCL) is an industrial company in Kenya specializing in the manufacture of construction materials. The company maintains its headquarters in the city of Mombasa and has offices and warehouses in Nairobi, with manufacturing plants in Athi River in Machakos County and in Vipingo, in Kilifi County. According to its website, as of May 2022, MCL had installed production capacity of 3.3 million metric tonnes of cement annually. The privately owned business markets its products under the NYUMBA brand.

text:
# Mombasa Cement Limited

**Mombasa Cement Limited0706/01/85/07** (**MCL**) is an industrial company in Kenya specializing in the manufacture of construction materials. The company maintains its headquarters in the city of Mombasa and has offices and warehouses in Nairobi, with manufacturing plants in Athi River in Machakos County and in Vipingo, in Kilifi County. According to its website, as of May 2022, MCL had installed production capacity of 3.3 million metric tonnes of cement annually. The privately owned business markets its products under the **NYUMBA** brand.

## Location

The headquarters of MCL are located in the neighborhood called *Mikindani*, in the port city of Mombasa, along the shores of the Indian Ocean. The geographical coordinates of the company headquarters are 04°00′28″S 39°39′02″E / 4.00778°S 39.65056°E / -4.00778; 39.65056, Latitude:-4.007778; Longitude:39.617222).

## Overview

Mombasa Cement Limited is a large cement manufacturer in Eastern Africa. As of March 2016, MCL was the second-largest producer of cement in Kenya, with a 15.8 percent market share, behind market leader Bamburi Cement with a 32.6 percent market share, but ahead of third-placed East African Portland Cement Company, with 15.1 percent market share.

## Philanthropy

Mombasa Cement Limited is a family-owned business. The patriarch is described as "shy" and prefers to remain anonymous. Under his leadership, MCL supports a program that distributes food to over 40,000 Mombasa residents every week. The program started in 2008, on year after MCL was founded and has run continuously since.

It has also set up schools and police stations, including the Sahajanand Special School, a school serving over 800 children with physical and mental disabilities.

In 2017, the company partnered with Mombasa County to refurbish the Mombasa Tusks Monument.

## Mombasa Cement Wind Power Station

In 2018, the company's clinker factory in Vipingo missed work on 16 days in the year, on account of electricity blackouts imposed by Kenya Power and Lighting Company (KPLC), the national electricity utility distribution company. This led to the cement maker missing its production and financial targets for the year. To mitigate against the unreliable power supply, Mombasa Cement decided to build this wind farm to power its clinker and grinding factories in Kilifi County, with the surplus power sold to KPLC.

## InfoBox

Mombasa Cement Limited
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Manufacture of Construction Materials |
| Founded | 2007 (2007) |
| Headquarters | Mombasa, Kenya |
| Products | Cement
 |
| Brands | NYUMBA
 |
| Website | Homepage |


title: MoneyHunt

abstract:
MoneyHunt is a reality-based television program that allowed entrepreneurs to
pitch their ideas to a panel of experts and receive candid feedback on improving
their presentations. Produced by MoneyHunt Properties, Inc. the program was distributed to American
public television stations in the US and several markets overseas from 1997 to 2004.

text:
# MoneyHunt

***MoneyHunt*** is a reality-based television program that allowed entrepreneurs to pitch their ideas to a panel of experts and receive candid feedback on improving their presentations. Produced by MoneyHunt Properties, Inc. the program was distributed to American public television stations in the US and several markets overseas from 1997 to 2004.

## Format

MoneyHunt was distributed on public television and sourced candidates through online auditions. *MoneyHunt* eventually added a series of live events produced in conjunction with regional venture conferences to screen test candidates. The show was hosted by presenters with no on-camera experience and was produced to simulate a real venture pitch with most blunders and pauses often kept in the final cut for dramatic effect. The show offered cash prizes in the form of an investment in the best contestants.

Co-Hosts Miles and Cliff opened the program with a brief greeting and soon introduced the first guest, who was waiting off stage. Like a business meeting, Miles or Cliff greeted the guest and welcomed them to the table. A MoneyHunt Mentor joined each show, adding specific domain expertise to the questioning. Each guest had 8 minutes to detail key categories, such as the product and market. The final segment was the review session, where the pitches of each guest weredebated and awarded thumbs up or down. Beginning in Season Six, MoneyHunt began awarding a cash award as convertible debt (leaving the pricing of the equity to subsequent investors).

## Hosts

Miles Spencer and Cliff Ennico first met working on small equity financings in their home state of Connecticut. Ennico is an attorney, and Spencer was a banker and venture capitalist.

## History

*MoneyHunt* was first conceived at a continuing education class in Greenwich, Connecticut. It was taped at cablevision's public access studios in Norwalk in

1996 for a fee of $500 per night. MoneyHunt premiered on public television at WHYY in Philadelphia in 1998 while the Internet boom was beginning to draw interest to the startup subject. The first MoneyHunt Mentor was Jerry Yang of Yahoo!.

*MoneyHunt* produced six original seasons from 1997 to 2001 and was sponsored by MasterCard, Yahoo!, PriceWaterhouseCoopers, Register.com, and Excite. The show was slotted as primarily a Sunday morning show and typically ran next to weekly news wrap up shows.

The format was licensed overseas and ran in markets including Italy, Spain, and China.

*MoneyHunt* was originally formed in 1996 as the marketing arm of a small venture capital firm, Capital Express, which included Miles Spencer as a partner. Capital Express benefitted from the deal flow of so many emerging companies appearing on the show. *MoneyHunt* was subsequently spun off into an independent entity in 1997. By 2000, *MoneyHunt* was no longer producing new episodes and the library and rights were sold to a prior licensee.

## InfoBox

| *MoneyHunt* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Reality
Business |
| Created by | Miles Spencer
Cliff Ennico |
| Starring | Miles Spencer
Cliff Ennico |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Deborah Ely |
| Camera setup | Multiple camera |
| Original release | |
| Network | PBS |


title: Monica Ramon

abstract: Monica Ramon is a Spanish-American actress who first began appearing in film, television and stage productions in her native Spain in the mid-1990s. Her glamorous looks and style are evocative of the Golden Age of Hollywood. She is the granddaughter of the celebrated Spanish artist Lluis Vila Plana, a period contemporary of Pablo Picasso.

text:
# Monica Ramon

**Monica Ramon** (born April 27, 1981 as *Monica Vila*) is a Spanish-American actress who first began appearing in film, television and stage productions in her native Spain in the mid-1990s. Her glamorous looks and style are evocative of the Golden Age of Hollywood. She is the granddaughter of the celebrated Spanish artist Lluis Vila Plana, a period contemporary of Pablo Picasso.

## Biography

### Early life

Monica Ramon was born in the Sabadell section of Barcelona, Spain. She is the daughter of Anna Vila Alia and Jacint Ramoneda Badiella. The family lived in five different houses during Monica's childhood. Eventually the family settled in the seaside town of Tossa de Mar, the same town where Ava Gardner starred in the film, *Pandora and the Flying Dutchman*. When she was 18 years old her parents divorced and her father remarried. She lived with her grandmother during four years. Throughout her life Monica has always been very active and was heavily involved with sports as a child, including running and swimming. She comes from a very artistic family and was inspired to art as a child by her grandfather's work. She studied theater and ballet as a child and as a young woman she studied theater, art history and plastic arts in Barcelona. Regionally she identifies herself with the Catalan culture and speaks the native Catalan language.

She moved to Los Angeles, California in 2006 to pursue her acting career. At that time she became a vegetarian.

### Acting career

Monica's first acting role was in the Spanish television series *Happy End* (1997), working alongside the marquee Spanish actress Monica Lopez, playing the role of Malvada. Later that same year she was featured in the Spanish feature film, *Primats*, working with the renowned Spanish director Carlos Jover.

Monica went on to study acting at the Chekov Theater in Madrid. She left Barcelona for Madrid in 2000 by herself and spent four years studying and acting on stage. Her studies included the Stanislavsky Method under acting coach Angel Gutierrez. During that period of time she established herself as a serious stage actress and developed an impressive stage resume, including winning a best actress stage award for work in a Tennessee Williams play at the Karpas Theater as a part of the Trapola theater company.

### Recent success

Monica came to the United States in 2006 and immediately found work in several television shows and film productions as well as T.V. commercials in the Los Angeles area. 2008 will be remembered as a banner year for Miss Ramon, having been cast in roles in four films - *Dirty Girl*, *XII*, *Polanski* and Mexican Gangster in the first half of the year alone.

On her listing on IMDB.com, she is credited with appearing in the film *Full Moon Rising* in 1996 in California, during a time when she had not yet left Spain for California. The date listed on the website is incorrect. The actual date of the film was 2006.

So far in her career Monica has had the opportunity to work with such actors as Robert De Niro and Steven Bauer, and directors Michael A. Nickles and Damian Chapa.

### Personal life

Monica has remained single, though she had long-term, live-in relationship with Giuseppe Ferraro 2000/2005 in Madrid Spain. In 2004 she purchased a house in Madrid on her own. She has two younger brothers, twins named David and Albert, whom she loves as if they were her own children. In the same year their parents divorced, the two brothers were involved in a near-fatal car accident. Albert, who had been ejected from the car, was seriously injured and his brother David performed CPR and saved his brother's life. Albert then spent a long rehabilitation learning to walk and talk again. He subsequently fell into alcoholism and sought treatment. He is now an alcohol dependence counselor, helping others who have fallen prey to alcohol addiction.

Monica Ramon lists her religion as Buddhist. Monica considers herself to be a strong woman with a great sense of humor. She believes that anything is possible with the right positive attitude. She says "What we think we become".

## Filmography and television

2015 A beautiful Soul Imdb

| Year | Film/TV Show | Role | Other notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | *Mexican Gangster* | Corta | *(Announced)* |
| 2008 | *Polanski Unauthorized* | Co/Star |  |
| 2008 | *XII* | Co Star |  |
| 2008 | *Dirty Girl* | (Lead)16 international film Festivals |  |
| 2008 | *From Mexico With Love* | Featured |  |
| 2006 | *Full Moon Rising* | Lead |  |
| 2007 | *Secretos* (Ep: El Ingeniero) | Lead | (Spanish TV Series) |
| 2007 | *Secretos* (Ep: Controversia) | Lead | (Spanish TV Series) |
| 1997 | *Happy End* | Co Star | Spanish television series |
| 1997 | *Primats* | Day Player | Spanish Title - *Primates* |

```
 www.dailyceleb.com Monica Ramon
 www.realtvfilms.com Monica Ramon
 www.hollywood.com Monica Ramon
```

## InfoBox

| Monica Ramon | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Monica Ramoneda Vila
(1978-04-27) April 27, 1978
United States |
| Years active | (1997-present) |
| Website | http://monicaramon.aadpc.cat/ca/home.html |


title: Monica Ramos

abstract: Monica Ramos is a Chilean-born Swedish harpist.

text:
# Monica Ramos

**Monica Ramos** is a Chilean-born Swedish harpist.

## Biography

Monica Ramos is a graduate of the Royal College of Music in Stockholm and has performed in the Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra, the Radio Symphony Orchestra of Sweden and the Swedish Chamber Orchestra. Ramos has released three solo albums, and has sold several hundred thousand albums in over forty countries.

## Albums

### Wind from the sea

The album "Wind from the sea" (1993) was her first release, mixing symphonic harp with ambient modern rhythms. The album has some new compositions and some older repertoire.

### Moai

"Moai", released in 1997, was her follow-up to "Wind from the sea" and has sold more than 250,000 copies. On some tracks, like "Eternidad (The eternity)", she is also accompanied by her brother Alvaro Covarrubias, a classical guitarist.

### Behind That Light

"Behind That Light" was released in 2001; apart from two tracks, all the music and lyrics were written by Ramos herself. The tracks span from rhythmic melodies like "Para un angelito" and "Ya te vas" to classical pieces like "Creo" and "Mami". It was nominated ninth place in the US based New Age Voice Magazine.


title: Momo (artist)

abstract: Momo, sometimes stylised as "MOMO", is an American artist. Originally from San Francisco, he is known for his post-graffiti murals and studio painting. Momo began his experimental outdoor work in the late 90s, working with homemade tools in public spaces. Since 2009 he has been expanding his focus to include a substantial studio practice. He is currently based in New Orleans, Louisiana. Notable mural commissions include Facebook, Pepsi, the NFL, the World Trade Center, John Hancock Tower, Art Production Fund NY, European Capital of Culture, the NYC DOT, and Yohji Yamamoto's Y-3. Self organized walls in Jamaica, Sicily, and Arizona, painted at the artists expense, have been important in demonstrating innovative techniques for a general audience free of the usual commercial concerns. In 2016 Maya Hayuk, MOMO, Swoon, and Faile inaugurated the new Millennium Iconoclast Museum of Art in Brussels, with installations on five floors. Solo shows the following year were held at Delimbo Gallery in Sevilla and Alice Gallery in Belgium, as well as an experimental group show with Mark Flood, Revok, and Paul Kremer at Library Street Collective in Detroit. MOMO is a long-time collaborator with fellow artist Eltono.

text:
# Momo (artist)

**Momo**, sometimes stylised as "MOMO" (born 1974, San Francisco), is an American artist. Originally from San Francisco, he is known for his post-graffiti murals and studio painting. Momo began his experimental outdoor work in the late 90s, working with homemade tools in public spaces. Since 2009 he has been expanding his focus to include a substantial studio practice. He is currently based in New Orleans, Louisiana.

Notable mural commissions include Facebook, Pepsi, the NFL, the World Trade Center, John Hancock Tower, Art Production Fund NY, European Capital of Culture, the NYC DOT, and Yohji Yamamoto's Y-3. Self organized walls in Jamaica, Sicily, and Arizona (2013, 2016, 2018), painted at the artists expense, have been important in demonstrating innovative techniques for a general audience free of the usual commercial concerns.

In 2016 Maya Hayuk, MOMO, Swoon, and Faile inaugurated the new Millennium Iconoclast Museum of Art in Brussels, with installations on five floors. Solo shows the following year were held at Delimbo Gallery in Sevilla and Alice Gallery in Belgium, as well as an experimental group show with Mark Flood, Revok, and Paul Kremer at Library Street Collective in Detroit. MOMO is a long-time collaborator with fellow artist Eltono.

## Mural Commissions (selection)

* The Crystal Ship, Oostende, 2023
* Ogden Museum of Southern Art, Louisiana 2019
* Yuma Arts Center, Yuma, Arizona 2018
* Home of the Arts, Gold Coast, Australia 2018
* Facebook, New York 2017
* Facebook Headquarters, California 2017
* Mercedes House, NYC 2017
* Art Production Fund, NYC 2015
* Hudson River Trading Headquarters - 4 World Trade Center, NYC 2017
* Miami Dolphins Stadium, 2016
* Philadelphia Mural Arts, 2016
* Ace Hotel Palm Springs, California 2015
* John Hancock Tower, Boston 2015
* Wynwood Walls (Art Basel), Miami 2012
* Bien Urbain Besançon, France 2012, 2013
* Fame Grottaglie, Italy 2010, 2011, 2012
* Open Walls Baltimore Baltimore, Maryland 2012
* Incubate Tilburg, Holland 2011
* Outomatic Leuven, Belgium 2011
* Nova Contemporary Culture Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 2011
* Crono Festival Lisbon, Portugal 2011

## Exhibitions (selection)

* *Machine Show* (group) Library Street Collective, Detroit, Michigan 2017
* *Wilderness*, Delimbo Gallery, Seville, Spain 2017
* *Best Picture*, Alice Gallery, Brussels, Belgium 2017
* *City Lights* (group), MIMA Museum, Brussels, Belgium 2016
* *Darmon 2*, Studio Cromie, Grottaglie, Italy, 2013
* *There Are No Wheels in Nature*, Winterlong Gallery, Niort, France 2014
* *Just Before Brazil (*Group) Alice Gallery, Brussels 2014
* *Butt Joints*, May Gallery and Residency, New Orleans, Louisiana 2013
* *Hecho en Oaxaca* (Group), Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Oaxaca, Mexico, 2013
* *Darmon*, Studio Cromie, Grottaglie, Italy, 2013
* *Artscapes* (group), Scion Installation Space, Los Angeles 2010
* *Nova*, Museu da Imagem e do Som, São Paulo, Brazil 2010
* *Post-Graffiti, Geometry, and Abstraction* (Group), Fundación Caixa Galicia LaCoruna, Spain 2010
* *Y-3 F/W 2009*, NY Fashion Week Show, (Runway and Clothing), Pier 40 New York 2009
* *PLAF* (with Eltono), Anonymous Gallery, New York NY 2008
* *MMMB* ( with Melissa Brown), Espeis Archetype Gallery, Williamsburg NY 2008
* *11 Spring Street* (Group), New York NY 2006

### Further reading


title: Momo (Tonga)

abstract: Momo (meaning: crumb) was the 10th king in the Tuʻi Tonga dynasty of Tonga, who lived in the 11th or 12th century CE. He was named after one of the original gods of Tonga, a trio known as Kohai, Koau, mo Momo. The Tuʻi Tonga maritime empire began to expand during his reign. King Momo had his court in Heketā, near the village of Niutōua (doubly planted coconuttrees). His people were known as the Haʻa-mene-ʻuli (dirty bottoms Clan), because in order to honour him they had to keep their heads lower than his, and thus shuffled around on their bottoms instead of their feet.

text:
# Momo (Tonga)

**Momo** *(meaning: crumb)* was the 10th king in the Tuʻi Tonga dynasty of Tonga, who lived in the 11th or 12th century CE. He was named after one of the original gods of Tonga, a trio known as Kohai, Koau, mo Momo. The Tuʻi Tonga maritime empire began to expand during his reign.

King Momo had his court in Heketā, near the village of Niutōua *(doubly planted coconuttrees)*. His people were known as the Haʻa-mene-ʻuli *(dirty bottoms Clan)*, because in order to honour him they had to keep their heads lower than his, and thus shuffled around on their bottoms instead of their feet.

## Marriage

One day the king fell in love with a beautiful girl and sent his envoy, Lehaʻuli, to her father, Loʻau, the Tuʻi-Haʻamea *(Haʻamea king)* with a request for a yam for his plantation. Loʻau understood the real meaning of the request, and responded that he was unable to help as one yam was still immature and the other had already sprouted. He meant that his youngest daughter was still too young while his older daughter, Nua, had already had a child and was therefore an old woman. Her husband was Ngongo kilitoto from Malapo, chief of the Haʻangongo Clan( The clan of Ngongo).

The next day, Momo sent his envoy back to Loʻau with the words: Fena kā ko Nua *(sprouted, but still it is Nua)*, and so Loʻau went to Malapo to ask Ngongokilitoto to give up his wife, which he did. Nua became Momo's wife, and their son became the greatest Tuʻi Tonga of that period, Tuʻitātui. His elder stepbrother, Fasiʻapule, later became a kind of governor.

The location of Haʻamea is not certain. Some claim it was the centre of Tongatapu, near Matangiake, in which case Loʻau was only a minor prince. It is also possible that the name is a variant of Haʻamoa *(Samoa)*, in which case Loʻau was also a powerful king, meaning the marriage story was a mythical way to represent the alliance between Tonga and Samoa, and the start of the empire, although the alliance would only last one generation.

* I.C. Campbell, *Classical Tongan kingship*, 1989
* E. Bott, *Tonga society at the time of Captain Cook's visit*, 1982
* ʻO. Māhina, *Images from the history and culture of Tonga,* 2006

## InfoBox

| Momo | |
| --- | --- |
| Reign | Around 1100 |
| Predecessor | ʻAfulunga |
| Successor | Tuʻitātui |
| Dynasty | Tuʻi Tonga |


title: Momo (novel)

abstract: Momo, also known as The Grey Gentlemen or The Men in Grey, is a fantasy novel by Michael Ende, published in 1973. It is about the concept of time and how it is used by humans in modern societies. The full title in German translates to Momo, or the strange story of the time-thieves and the child who brought the stolen time back to the people. The book won the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis in 1974.

text:
# Momo (novel)

***Momo***, also known as ***The Grey Gentlemen*** or ***The Men in Grey***, is a fantasy novel by Michael Ende, published in 1973. It is about the concept of time and how it is used by humans in modern societies. The full title in German (*Momo oder Die seltsame Geschichte von den Zeit-Dieben und von dem Kind, das den Menschen die gestohlene Zeit zurückbrachte*) translates to *Momo, or the strange story of the time-thieves and the child who brought the stolen time back to the people*. The book won the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis in 1974.

## Plot

In the ruins of an amphitheatre just outside an unnamed city lives Momo, a little girl of mysterious origin. She came to the ruin, parentless and wearing a long, used coat. She is illiterate and cannot count, and she doesn't know how old she is. When asked, she replies, "As far as I remember, I've always been around." She is remarkable in the neighbourhood because she has the extraordinary ability to listenreally listen. By simply being with people and listening to them, she can help them find answers to their problems, make up with each other, and think of fun games. The advice given to people "go and see Momo!" has become a household phrase and Momo makes many friends, especially an honest, silent street-cleaner, Beppo, and a poetic, extroverted tour guide, Gigi (Guido in some translations).

This pleasant atmosphere is spoiled by the arrival of the Men in Grey, eventually revealed as a species of paranormal parasites stealing the time of humans. Appearing in the form of grey-clad, grey-skinned, bald men, these strange individuals present themselves as representing the Timesavings Bank and promote the idea of "timesaving" among the population: supposedly, time can be deposited in the Bank and returned to the client later with interest. After encountering the Men in Grey, people are made to forget all about them, but not about the resolution to save as much time as possible for later use. Gradually, the sinister influence of the Men in Grey affects the whole city: life becomes sterile, devoid of all things considered time-wasting, like social activities, recreation, art, imagination, or sleeping. Buildings and clothing are made exactly the same for everyone, and the rhythms of life become hectic. In reality, the more time people save, the less they have; the time they save is actually lost to them. Instead, it is consumed by the Men in Grey in the form of cigars made from the dried petals of the hour-lilies that represent time. Without these cigars, the Men in Grey cannot exist.

Momo, however, is a wrench in the plans of the Men in Grey and the Timesavings Bank, thanks to her special personality. The Men in Grey try various plans to deal with her, to derail her from stopping their scheme, but they all fail. When even her closest friends fall under the influence of the Men in Grey in one way or another, Momo's only hope to save the time of mankind are the administrator of Time, Master Secundus Minutus Hora, and Cassiopeia, a tortoise who can communicate through writing on her shell and can see thirty minutes into the future. Momo's adventure takes her from the depths of her heart, which her own time flows from in the form of hour-lilies, to the lair of the Men in Grey themselves, where the time that people believe they are saving is hoarded.

After Master Hora stops time, but gives Momo a single hour-lily to carry with her, she has exactly one hour to defeat the Men in Grey in a frozen world where only they and she are still moving. She surreptitiously follows them to their underground lair and observes as they decimate their own number in order to stretch their supply of time as far as possible. With the advice of Cassiopeia and by using the hour-lily, Momo is able to shut the door to the vault where the stolen lilies are kept. Now facing extinction as soon as their cigars are consumed, the few remaining Men in Grey pursue Momo, perishing one by one. The last Man in Grey finally begs her to give him the hour-lily so that he can open the vault. When she refuses, he too vanishes remarking that "it is good it is over".

Using the last minute she has before her hour-lily crumbles, Momo opens the vault again, releasing the millions of hour-lilies stored within. The stolen time returns to its proper owners and goes back to their hearts, causing time to start again (without people knowing it had ever halted). Momo is reunited with her friends, and elsewhere Master Hora rejoices together with Cassiopeia.

## Major themes

The main theme of *Momo* can be seen as a criticism of consumerism and stress. It describes the personal and social losses produced by unnecessary consumption, and the danger to be driven by a hidden interest group with enough power to induce people into this life style. Michael Ende has also stated to have had the concept of currency demurrage in mind when writing *Momo*.

Childhood is also an important subject in many of Ende's books. In *Momo* it is used to offer contrast with the adult society. As children have "all the time in the world", they are a difficult target for the Men in Grey: children can't be convinced that their games are time-wasting. The author uses a mockery of Barbie dolls and other expensive toys as symbols to show how anyone can be persuaded, even indirectly, into consumerism.

Robert N. Peck described that *Momo* has five principle elements: taking time, listening, imagining, persons and music.

## Literary significance

An article by philosopher David Loy and literature professor Linda Goodhew called *Momo* "one of the most remarkable novels of the late twentieth century". They further state that: "One of the most amazing things about *Momo* is that it was published in 1973. Since then, the temporal nightmare it depicts has become our reality."

Ende himself has said that "*Momo* is a tribute of gratitude to Italy and also a declaration of love," indicating that the author idealized the Italian way of life. Loy and Goodhew suggested that Ende's perspective on time coincided with his interest in Buddhism and that for example the deliberately slow character of Beppo might be regarded as a Zen master, even though Ende wrote the book long before his visits to Japan.

When the book was published in the U.S. in 1985, Natalie Babbit from the *Washington Post* commented: "Is it a children's book? Not here in America." *Momo* was republished by Puffin Press on January 19, 2009.

Then Norwegian Prime Minister Thorbjørn Jagland, in his New Year Address to the nation on January 1, 1997, referenced Ende's book and its plot: "People are persuaded to save time by eliminating everything not useful. One of the people so influenced cuts out his girlfriend, sells his pet, stops singing, reading and visiting friends. In this way he will supposedly become an efficient man getting something out of life. What is strange is that he is in a greater hurry than ever. The saved-up time disappears - and he never sees it again." Prime Minister Jagland went on to say that to many people, *time* has become the scarcest resource of all, contrary to their attempt at saving as much of it as possible.

## Adaptations

* *Momo* was made into a film of Italian/German production in 1986, in which Michael Ende himself played a small role as the narrator who encounters Professor Hora (performed by John Huston) at the beginning of the film (and at the end of the book). The role of Momo was performed by German actress and model Radost Bokel.
* *Momo* (2001) is an Italian animated film based on the novel. It is directed by Enzo D'Alò and features a soundtrack by Gianna Nannini, an Italian popular singer. In 2003, a 26-episode animated television series based directly on this adaptation was released, serving as an extended re-telling of the film.
* The book has also been acted in radio programmes.
* A German dramatized audiobook under the title *Momo* (Karussell/Universal Music Group 1984, directed by Anke Beckert, narrated by Harald Leipnitz, music by Frank Duval, 3 parts on LP and MC, 2 parts on CD)
* There have been a number of stage adaptations, including an opera written by Ende himself and an English-language version by Andy Thackeray.
* *Legend of Raana* (2014), animated miniseries directed by Majid Ahmady
* In 2015, the Royal Danish Opera commissioned composer Svitlana Azarova to write *Momo and the Time Thieves*. Its world premiere occurred at the Copenhagen Opera House in October, 2017.
* In January 2023, it was announced that Christian Ditter would direct an English-language film adaptation of the novel with Christian Becker producing.

## Translations

The book was originally published in 1973 in Germany as *Momo*.

Momo has been translated into various languages including Arabic, Asturian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Catalan, Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional), Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, Galician, Greek, Hebrew, Hungarian, Icelandic, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Latvian, Lithuanian, Mongolian, Norwegian, Persian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish, Thai, Ukrainian, Vietnamese and Sinhalese.

The original English translation *The Grey Gentlemen* by Frances Lobb was published in 1974. A new English translation, *Momo*, was published in 1984. A newly translated, newly illustrated U.S. edition was released by McSweeney's in August 2013, in celebration of the book's fortieth anniversary. The McSweeney edition was scheduled for a new release in January 2017. However, some illustrations (created by Marcel Dzama) in the McSweeney release, such as Momo's appearance, do not conform to the text in the book.

The Spanish translation *Momo, o la extraña historia de los ladrones del tiempo y la niña que devolvió el tiempo a los hombres* was made by Susana Constante in 1978 for Ediciones Alfaguara: it was a great success in Spain and Latin America, having dozens of reprints since.

The Persian translation was published several times (first time in 1988) by Zarrin Publishers in Tehran. At the time of publication, it enjoyed great popularity in Iran, but due to the absence of any new printings since 1992, it is now inaccessible to the Iranian children. This, along with a stop in publishing other children's books by German and other European writers, is part of an ongoing trend in publishing American and English children's fiction in Iran.

* An episode of the anime adaptation of *Sailor Moon* features a plot similar to the plot of the Men in Grey where the villain Jadeite steals the time of the people of Tokyo.
* The story of Momo plays a role in the Korean TV series *My Lovely Sam Soon*, where the main character's niece chooses to not speak due to post-traumatic stress of having both her parents killed in a car accident. The lead character buys the book and reads it (by himself and also to his niece) to try to understand his love interest more.
* The novel is referred to in each episode of the Japanese TV series *A Girl of 35*, starring Ko Shibasaki and Kentaro Sakaguchi (2020). The lead character wakes up after 25 years in a coma and feels her time has been stolen. She uses the Momo characters to learn how to grow up and come to terms with the tragic consequences her accident had for her whole family.
* The Korean girl group Momoland was named after this novel.
* One of the short stories within the *Monogatari Series* (Yotsugi Future) focuses on one of the characters' perception of the novel, which she compares the concept of time to herself, and adults who waste valuable time.
* K-pop singer and leader of the group Exo, Suho, was inspired by the novel in creating the concept and title for his sophomore album Grey Suit, as well at the title-track.

## InfoBox

Momo
| First edition (German) | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Michael Ende |
| Language | German |
| Genre | Fantasy novel |
| Publisher | Thienemann Verlag (German), Puffin Books (English) |
| Publication date | January 1973 |
| Publication place | West Germany |
| Published in English | 1974 / 1984 |
| Media type | Print (Hardback & Paperback) |
| ISBN | 0-14-031753-8 |
| OCLC | 12805336 |


title: Money in the Bank (2017)

abstract: The 2017 Money in the Bank was the eighth annual Money in the Bank professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and livestreaming event produced by WWE. It was held exclusively for wrestlers from the promotion's SmackDown brand division. The event took place on June 18, 2017, at the Scottrade Center in St. Louis, Missouri. It was the first event to feature a women's Money in the Bank ladder match, and was also the only brand-exclusive Money in the Bank event to be held during either of WWE's brand extension periods. Seven matches were contested at the event, including one on the Kickoff pre-show and two Money in the Bank ladder matches on the main card. In the main event, Baron Corbin won the men's ladder match, earning a contract for a WWE Championship match, while Carmella controversially won the first women's ladder match to earn a SmackDown Women's Championship match. In another prominent match, Jinder Mahal defeated Randy Orton to retain the WWE Championship. The event was also notable for the return of Maria Kanellis, who had last performed in WWE in December 2009, and the WWE debut of her husband, Mike Kanellis.

text:
# Money in the Bank (2017)

The 2017 **Money in the Bank** was the eighth annual Money in the Bank professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and livestreaming event produced by WWE. It was held exclusively for wrestlers from the promotion's SmackDown brand division. The event took place on June 18, 2017, at the Scottrade Center in St. Louis, Missouri. It was the first event to feature a women's Money in the Bank ladder match, and was also the only brand-exclusive Money in the Bank event to be held during either of WWE's brand extension periods.

Seven matches were contested at the event, including one on the Kickoff pre-show and two Money in the Bank ladder matches on the main card. In the main event, Baron Corbin won the men's ladder match, earning a contract for a WWE Championship match, while Carmella controversially won the first women's ladder match to earn a SmackDown Women's Championship match. In another prominent match, Jinder Mahal defeated Randy Orton to retain the WWE Championship. The event was also notable for the return of Maria Kanellis, who had last performed in WWE in December 2009, and the WWE debut of her husband, Mike Kanellis.

## Production

### Background

Money in the Bank is an annual professional wrestling event produced by WWE since 2010, generally held between June and July. The concept of the event comes from WWE's established Money in the Bank ladder match, in which multiple wrestlers use ladders to retrieve a briefcase hanging above the ring. The briefcase contains a contract that guarantees the winner a match for a world championship at any time within the next year. Following the reintroduction of the brand extension in July 2016, in which WWE again divided its roster between the Raw and SmackDown brands where wrestlers exclusively perform, the 2017 event was made a SmackDown-exclusive pay-per-view (PPV). For the first time in the event's history, the 2017 event featured a women's Money in the Bank ladder match, which is now featured at every year's event. As the 2017 event was a SmackDown-exclusive show, the respective male and female winners received title match contracts for SmackDown's world championships at the time: the WWE Championship and the SmackDown Women's Championship. Announced on December 27, 2016, the 2017 event was the eighth Money in the Bank and took place on June 18, 2017, at the Scottrade Center in St. Louis, Missouri. The event aired on PPV worldwide and was livestreamed on the WWE Network. Tickets went on sale on February 17 through Ticketmaster.

### Storylines

The event comprised seven matches, including one on the Kickoff pre-show, that resulted from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portrayed heroes, villains, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches. Results were predetermined by WWE's writers on the SmackDown brand, while storylines were produced on WWE's weekly television show, *SmackDown Live*.

At Backlash, Jinder Mahal defeated Randy Orton to win his first WWE Championship with help from The Singh Brothers (Samir and Sunil Singh). On the following episode of *SmackDown*, Mahal held a *Punjabi* style celebration, while Commissioner Shane McMahon announced that Orton invoked his championship rematch for Money in the Bank. The following week, Orton declared that he would become a fourteen-time world champion in his hometown at Money in the Bank before he was interrupted by Mahal on the TitanTron. The following week, after Mahal defeated Mojo Rawley, he taunted Orton, who later responded that he had received supportive phone calls from Ric Flair, Harley Race, and his father "Cowboy" Bob Orton. On the final *SmackDown* before Money in the Bank, Mahal with The Singh Brothers came out and berated Orton. As Orton's music played, The Singh Brothers went to the ramp to stop him, but Orton snuck up from behind Mahal and executed an *RKO* before retreating into the crowd.

On the May 23 episode of *SmackDown*, Commissioner Shane McMahon introduced AJ Styles, Shinsuke Nakamura, Dolph Ziggler, Sami Zayn, and Baron Corbin as the 2017 participants of the titular Money in the Bank ladder match. United States Champion Kevin Owens argued that he deserved to be in the match since he retained his title against Styles at Backlash. Shane agreed and added Owens to the match. Zayn then defeated Corbin in a rematch from Backlash, while Styles and Nakamura teamed up and defeated Owens and Ziggler. The following week, Owens and Corbin attacked Nakamura, who had been a guest on Owens' *Highlight Reel* segment, until Zayn came to the rescue. In the resulting tag team match, Nakamura and Zayn defeated Owens and Corbin. Later in the show, Ziggler defeated Styles, but lost a rematch a week later. On the same show, Corbin first attacked Zayn backstage and later assaulted Nakamura, who had just won a match against Owens. Mojo Rawley also had the opportunity to be added to the ladder match if he could defeat former rival and WWE Champion Jinder Mahal, but failed to do so. On the final *SmackDown* before Money in the Bank, Styles, Nakamura, and Zayn teamed up and defeated Owens, Ziggler, and Corbin. After the match, a brawl broke out between all six men that ended with Nakamura standing tall atop the ladder with the Money in the Bank briefcase.

At Backlash, The Welcoming Committee (Natalya, Carmella, and Tamina) defeated the team of Charlotte Flair, Becky Lynch, and SmackDown Women's Champion Naomi in a six-woman tag team match. On the following episode of *SmackDown*, Natalya asked Commissioner Shane McMahon for a SmackDown Women's Championship match, followed by Carmella, Flair, Tamina, and Lynch, who each demanded title opportunities as well. A fatal five-way elimination match, scheduled for the following week to decide who would face Naomi at Money in the Bank, ended before it could begin when all five attacked each other before the match. Shane then scheduled the first Women's Money in the Bank ladder match between the five, with the winner receiving a contract for a SmackDown Women's Championship match. The following week, Lana made her first appearance since moving to the brand during the Superstar Shake-up and demanded to be added to the ladder match. Commissioner Shane McMahon refused her, saying that she would have to earn her opportunity. Lana then turned her attention to the champion and said she could beat her, but Shane again denied her and reiterated what he had previously said. Later that night, Naomi, Lynch, and Flair faced Natalya, Carmella, and Tamina in a rematch from Backlash. Lana interfered in the match, causing Naomi to be pinned by Tamina. After this, Naomi demanded a match against Lana and offered to defend her title, and Shane scheduled the match for Money in the Bank. The following week, after Naomi defeated Tamina, Lana attacked Naomi and posed with the title belt.

At Backlash, The Usos (Jey Uso and Jimmy Uso) retained the SmackDown Tag Team Championship against Breezango (Fandango and Tyler Breeze) and again in a rematch on the following episode of *SmackDown*. On the May 30 episode, The Usos declared that no team could defeat them. They were then interrupted by The New Day (Big E, Kofi Kingston, and Xavier Woods), making their first appearance on *SmackDown* since they were moved to the brand during the Superstar Shake-up. A match was then scheduled between the two teams for the titles at Money in the Bank.

On the December 13, 2016, episode of *SmackDown*, The Hype Bros (Mojo Rawley and Zack Ryder) won a battle royal to become the number one contenders for the SmackDown Tag Team Championship, but a knee injury sustained during the match took Ryder out for an estimated six to nine months. On the June 13 episode of *SmackDown*, Ryder appeared backstage and was greeted by Rawley where the two declared that The Hype Bros were back. Afterwards on *Talking Smack*, the two said that they felt that they should still be the number one contenders for the tag titles since they won that spot, but never got to have their championship match. Three days later, the two were scheduled to face The Colóns (Primo and Epico) on the Money in the Bank Kickoff pre-show.

## Event

**Other on-screen personnel**
| Role: | Name: |
| --- | --- |
| English commentators | Tom Phillips |
| | John "Bradshaw" Layfield |
| | Byron Saxton |
| Spanish commentators | Carlos Cabrera |
| | Marcelo Rodríguez |
| German commentators | Tim Haber |
| | Calvin Knie |
| Ring announcer | Greg Hamilton |
| Referees | Danilo Anfibio |
| | Jason Ayers |
| | Mike Chioda |
| | Dan Engler |
| | Charles Robinson |
| | Ryan Tran |
| Backstage interviewer | Dasha Fuentes |
| Pre-show panel | Renee Young |
| | Sam Roberts |
| | Booker T |
| *Talking Smack* panel | Renee Young |
| | Booker T |

### Pre-show

During the Money in the Bank Kickoff pre-show, The Hype Bros (Mojo Rawley and Zack Ryder) faced The Colóns (Primo Colón and Epico Colón). Ryder and Rawley executed the "Hype Ryder" on Epico to win the match.

### Preliminary matches

The actual pay per-view opened with the first Women's Money in the Bank ladder match. In the climax, as Becky Lynch attempted to retrieve the briefcase, Carmella's manager James Ellsworth pushed the ladder over. Ellsworth retrieved the briefcase for Carmella and dropped it to her, thus Carmella won the match. Two of the three referees did not agree with the decision and General Manager Daniel Bryan said that the controversy would be dealt with on the following episode of *SmackDown*.

Next, The Usos defended the SmackDown Tag Team Championship against The New Day's Big E and Kofi Kingston. In the end, Big E and Kingston performed the "Midnight Hour" on Jey. Kingston pinned Jey, only for Jimmy to pull Jey out of the ring to void the pinfall and the two were intentionally counted out. Thus, The New Day won, but The Usos retained the titles.

After that, Naomi defended the SmackDown Women's Championship against Lana. In the climax, Carmella came out and teased cashing in her Money in the Bank briefcase. This distracted Lana enough for Naomi to apply the "Slay-O-Mission", forcing Lana to submit. Carmella again teased cashing in her briefcase, but decided not to.

Afterwards, Maria Kanellis made her return to WWE, her last appearance being in 2010, along with her husband Mike Kanellis, who made his debut appearance for WWE. The two cut a promo about the "power of love" and shared a kiss before departing backstage.

Next, Jinder Mahal defended the WWE Championship against Randy Orton. Orton executed an "RKO" on Mahal, however, Sunil placed Mahal's foot on the rope, voiding the pinfall at a two count. The referee then evicted The Singh Brothers from ringside. Before they left, they attempted to attack WWE Hall of Famer and Orton's father, "Cowboy" Bob Orton, however Orton attacked the two, ending the attack with an "RKO" outside the ring on Sunil and an "RKO" through the announce table on Samir. After Orton returned to the ring, Mahal executed the "Khallas" on Orton to retain the title.

After that, Breezango (Fandango and Tyler Breeze) made their entrance to the ring. Earlier backstage, they received a video of two unidentifiable people who claimed credit for attacking Breeze on *SmackDown*. They told Breezango to come to the ring to find out who they were, which was revealed to be The Ascension (Konnor and Viktor). Breezango won the impromptu match after Fandango pinned Viktor with a small package.

### Main event

The main event was the Money in the Bank ladder match between Baron Corbin, United States Champion Kevin Owens, Sami Zayn, AJ Styles, Shinsuke Nakamura, and Dolph Ziggler. As Nakamura made his entrance, Corbin attacked him with a ladder, taking Nakamura out for a majority of the match. In the end, after Nakamura returned, he and Styles fought at the top of the ladder. Corbin pushed the ladder over and retrieved the briefcase to win the match.

## Aftermath

On the following episode of *SmackDown*, Carmella and James Ellsworth addressed the controversy surrounding her becoming the first-ever Ms. Money in the Bank. She said that there were no rules in the match and she cited how some previous winners won with outside help. Later in the show, Daniel Bryan addressed the five participants in the ring. Noting that no one had ever won the match by having someone else retrieve the briefcase, he stripped Carmella of the briefcase and scheduled a Money in the Bank rematch for the following week, with Ellsworth banned from ringside. Before the rematch, Bryan decided to ban Ellsworth from the arena. Despite this, Ellsworth returned, but was taken out by Becky Lynch. Carmella then attacked Lynch and retrieved the briefcase to definitively become Ms. Money in the Bank. The following week, Bryan again banned Ellsworth from the arena, fined him US$10,000, suspended him for 30 days, and said that if Ellsworth were to break these rules, Carmella would be stripped of the briefcase again. Ellsworth abided by the rules, and Carmella went on to successfully cash in her briefcase on the April 10, 2018, episode of *SmackDown*, defeating champion Charlotte Flair, who had just been attacked by the debuting IIconics (Peyton Royce and Billie Kay). Prior to this victory, she had two unsuccessful cash-in attempts during her reign with the briefcase.

SmackDown Women's Champion Naomi said it was a disappointment that Ellsworth won the ladder match for Carmella at Money in the Bank, but she said she was ready for any challenge. Lana interrupted and wanted a rematch. Naomi, citing herself as a fighting champion, agreed to the rematch for the following week, where she quickly defeated Lana again. Lana received one more rematch on the July 4 episode, but failed to defeat Naomi.

In a sit-down interview, Randy Orton said that he lost focus when he saw that The Singh Brothers were going to attack his father. He said he was no longer concerned about becoming a fourteen-time world champion, he just wanted to hurt Jinder Mahal. Later in the show after Mahal defeated Luke Harper, Orton came out, attacked The Singh Brothers, and then Mahal, but Mahal managed to escape into the crowd. The following week, Commissioner Shane McMahon granted Orton a rematch for the title at Battleground, but allowed Mahal to choose the stipulation, and he chose a Punjabi Prison match.

United States Champion Kevin Owens felt that the other five participants of the Money in the Bank ladder match conspired against him, and that was why he did not win. He then issued a U.S. Championship open challenge to any local competitor. AJ Styles came out to accept the challenge, but Owens denied him since Styles was not from Dayton, Ohio. American Alpha's Chad Gable then answered the challenge, saying that he had moved to Dayton "\[that\] morning", but Owens retained in the ensuing match. Also on the show, Baron Corbin teased cashing in his Money in the Bank contract during WWE Champion Jinder Mahal's non-title match against Luke Harper, and General Manager Daniel Bryan, who praised Sami Zayn's efforts in the ladder match, scheduled Zayn to face Corbin the following week, where Corbin won. Corbin cashed in his Money in the Bank contract on the August 15 episode of *SmackDown*, but as soon as the match started, he attacked John Cena instead, allowing Mahal to roll him up for the victory, making Corbin the third wrestler to fail to win a title upon cash-in.

The New Day (Kofi Kingston, Big E, and Xavier Woods) addressed how The Usos (Jey Uso and Jimmy Uso) backed out of their championship match. Big E then defeated Jimmy in a singles match. Also in the tag team division, The Hype Bros convinced General Manager Daniel Bryan to give them an opportunity at the SmackDown Tag Team Championship. Bryan said that if they could defeat The Usos in a non-title match the following week, they would become the number one contenders. The Hype Bros failed to defeat The Usos, after which, The New Day challenged The Usos to another title match at Battleground and they accepted.

In the weeks following Money in the Bank, Mike and Maria Kanellis began a feud with Sami Zayn, and Mike defeated Zayn in his WWE debut match on the July 18 episode of *SmackDown*. A rematch was then scheduled for Battleground.

The 2017 Money in the Bank would in turn be the only Money in the Bank event during either of WWE's brand extension periods to be brand-exclusive, as following WrestleMania 34 the following year, brand-exclusive pay-per-views were discontinued.

## Results

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1P | The Hype Bros (Mojo Rawley and Zack Ryder) defeated The Colóns (Epico Colón and Primo Colón) by pinfall | Tag team match | 8:30 |
| 2 | Carmella (with James Ellsworth) defeated Becky Lynch, Charlotte Flair, Natalya, and Tamina | Money in the Bank ladder match for a WWE SmackDown Women's Championship match contract | 13:20 |
| 3 | The New Day (Big E and Kofi Kingston) (with Xavier Woods) defeated The Usos (Jey Uso and Jimmy Uso) (c) by countout | Tag team match for the WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship | 12:00 |
| 4 | Naomi (c) defeated Lana by submission | Singles match for the WWE SmackDown Women's Championship | 7:30 |
| 5 | Jinder Mahal (c) (with The Singh Brothers) defeated Randy Orton by pinfall | Singles match for the WWE Championship | 20:50 |
| 6 | Breezango (Fandango and Tyler Breeze) defeated The Ascension (Konnor and Viktor) by pinfall | Tag team match | 3:50 |
| 7 | Baron Corbin defeated AJ Styles, Dolph Ziggler, Kevin Owens, Sami Zayn, and Shinsuke Nakamura | Money in the Bank ladder match for a WWE Championship match contract | 29:45 |
| (c)  – the champion(s) heading into the match  P  – the match was broadcast on the pre-show | | | |

## InfoBox

| Money in the Bank | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional poster featuring The New Day (Xavier Woods, Big E, and Kofi Kingston) | |
| Promotion | WWE |
| Brand(s) | SmackDown |
| Date | June 18, 2017 |
| City | St. Louis, Missouri |
| Venue | Scottrade Center |
| Attendance | 15,392 |
| Tagline(s) | *A Golden Opportunity Awaits* |
| WWE Network event chronology | |
| **Previous**
Extreme Rules **Next**
Great Balls of Fire | |
| Money in the Bank chronology | |
| **Previous**
2016 **Next**
2018 | |


title: Monica Twum

abstract: Monica Afia Twum is a female track and field sprinter from Ghana. Together with Mavis Akoto, Vida Anim and Vida Nsiah she holds the Ghanaian record in 4 x 100 metres relay with 43.19 seconds, achieved during the heats at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.

text:
# Monica Twum

**Monica Afia Twum** (born 14 March 1978) is a female track and field sprinter from Ghana. Together with Mavis Akoto, Vida Anim and Vida Nsiah she holds the Ghanaian record in 4 x 100 metres relay with 43.19 seconds, achieved during the heats at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Representing  Ghana | | | | | |
| 1997 | African Junior Championships | Ibadan, Nigeria | 2nd | 100 m | 12.42 |
| | | | 2nd | 200 m | 24.28 |
| | | | 3rd | 400 m | 54.35 |
| 1998 | Commonwealth Games | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | 15th (h) | 100 m | 11.72 |
| | | | 8th | 200 m | 23.73 |
| | | | 4th | 4 × 100 m relay | 43.81 |
| 1999 | World Championships | Seville, Spain | 40th (h) | 100 m | 11.70 |
| | All-Africa Games | Johannesburg, South Africa | 7th | 100 m | 11.48 |
| | | 3rd | 200 m | 22.98 |
| | | 3rd | 4 × 100 m relay | 44.21 |
| 2000 | African Championships | Algiers, Algeria | 3rd | 100 m | 11.47 |
| | | | 1st | 4 × 100 m relay | 43.99 |
| | Olympic Games | Sydney, Australia | 31st (qf) | 100 m | 11.70 |
| | | 35th (h) | 200 m | 23.51 |
| | | 9th (sf) | 4 × 100 m relay | 43.19 |

### Personal bests


title: Monstera glaucescens

abstract: Monstera glaucescens is a flowering plant in genus Monstera of the arum family, Araceae.The native range of this species is Nicaragua to Colombia. It is a climber that grows primarily in wet tropical biomes.

text:
# Monstera glaucescens

***Monstera glaucescens*** is a flowering plant in genus *Monstera* of the arum family, Araceae.The native range of this species is Nicaragua to Colombia. It is a climber that grows primarily in wet tropical biomes.

## Distribution

It is native to South east Nicaragua to North west Colombia.

## InfoBox

| *Monstera glaucescens* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Alismatales |
| Family: | Araceae |
| Genus: | *Monstera* |
| Species: | ***M. glaucescens*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Monstera glaucescens***<br>Croat & Grayum | |
|


title: Monsieur Ouine

abstract: Monsieur Ouine is a 1943 novel by the French writer Georges Bernanos. It tells the story of a retired teacher who settles in a village in northern France, where he becomes surrounded by mysterious deaths and other unexplained events. The book was published in English in 1945 as The Open Mind, translated by Geoffrey Dunlop. A new translation by William Bush was published in 2000 under the original French title.

text:
# Monsieur Ouine

***Monsieur Ouine*** is a 1943 novel by the French writer Georges Bernanos. It tells the story of a retired teacher who settles in a village in northern France, where he becomes surrounded by mysterious deaths and other unexplained events. The book was published in English in 1945 as ***The Open Mind***, translated by Geoffrey Dunlop. A new translation by William Bush was published in 2000 under the original French title.

## Composition

*Monsieur Ouine* has its origin in a spiritual crisis Bernanos went through in the early 1930s, when he contemplated how nihilism and despair lead to evil. The book took nine years to write and the author considered it to be his most ambitious work. The plot is purposely ambiguous and in certain parts inconsistent, as Bernanos considered evil to be unstable and wanted the novel to reflect this.

## Reception

*Kirkus Reviews* wrote in 2000: "This is a savage morality tale that depicts the dying of the landed aristocracy and a wartorn civilization's larger 'innocence' with sharp imagery, precise characterizations, and commanding intensity. All of Bernanos's fiction ought to be available in English translation, and William Bush looks like the right man for the job."

## InfoBox

Monsieur Ouine
| First English-language edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Georges Bernanos |
| Translator | Geoffrey Dunlop |
| Language | French |
| Publisher | Atlantica Editora |
| Publication date | 1943 |
| Publication place | Brazil |
| Published in English | 1945 (Bodley Head |
| Pages | 314 |


title: Monsignor Fraser College

abstract: Monsignor Fraser College is a Roman Catholic specialized dual-track public Catholic Alternative and Adult Secondary School run by the Toronto Catholic District School Board in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The school was founded in 1975 by the Metropolitan Separate School Board and was named in honour of John Andrew Mary Fraser', the founder of the Scarborough Foreign Mission Society and a missionary. After Fraser became a secondary school in 1986, Msgr. Fraser College offers high school credits to three distinct age groups: 16 - 18 through the Alternative Program, 18 - 20 in the Adult Day School Program, and Over 21 through the Continuing Education Program. There are four main campuses throughout the city with an additional two dedicated to SAL programs. Msgr. Fraser also offers a Transition To Work (T2W) Program for special needs students aged 18–20.

text:
# Monsignor Fraser College

**Monsignor Fraser College** (also called **Monsignor Fraser**, **MFC**, or **Fraser**) is a Roman Catholic specialized dual-track public Catholic Alternative and Adult Secondary School run by the Toronto Catholic District School Board in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The school was founded in 1975 by the Metropolitan Separate School Board and was named in honour of John Andrew Mary Fraser' (1887-September 3, 1962), the founder of the Scarborough Foreign Mission Society and a missionary.

After Fraser became a secondary school in 1986, Msgr. Fraser College offers high school credits to three distinct age groups: 16 - 18 through the Alternative Program, 18 - 20 in the Adult Day School Program, and Over 21 through the Continuing Education Program. There are four main campuses throughout the city with an additional two dedicated to SAL (Supervised Alternative Learning) programs. Msgr. Fraser also offers a Transition To Work (T2W) Program for special needs students aged 18–20.

## History

The Metropolitan Separate School Board recommended and approved the establishment of Monsignor Fraser College in 1975, in conjunction with Metropolitan Social Services, as a means of responding to the growing need for adult education programs for the Metro Toronto adult population. The school originated in the Albert Campbell Library with four pupils before moving to the Scarborough Foreign Mission Society.

As the school program have expanded, physically and intellectually challenged adults were added. A variety of MSSB departments claimed ownership of the program including elementary, continuing education and special curriculum. Students meeting grade 8 standard, began to ask for secondary school credits. These were granted in collaboration with Cardinal Newman. Senior level credits from grades 11 to 13 were finally needed and after the province completed full funding to Catholic high schools, the Board designated Fraser as secondary school in 1986. The first graduates have emerged in 1988.

From Scarborough beginnings, the school added Toronto campus in 1977, Malvern in 1982, North York in 1984, Parkdale in 1986, ESL Orientation Centre in 1988, La Salle (Alternative) in 1993, Curzon (Alternative) in 1994, and in 1994 merged the two small west end campuses, Parkdale and North York into Islington Campus. The Scarborough and Malvern campuses were combined in 2000. The Islington Campus eventually became the Norfinch Campus in 2007.

Today, Monsignor Fraser College is a quadmestered Catholic Secondary School, which welcomes adolescents, and adults of all faiths, who wish to complete their Ontario Secondary School Diploma or Certificate, to study English as a Second Language within a Diploma program, or to upgrade work skills. Organized with campuses in many different parts of the city, this school offers a safe and welcoming learning environment.

### Monsignor John M. Fraser

Monsignor Fraser College is named in honour of the founder of the Scarborough Foreign Mission Society. Monsignor Fraser was born in Toronto but spent most of his younger years as a missionary outside of Canada. In 1918, he returned to Canada with the firm intention of establishing a foreign mission seminary. Archbishop Gauthier of Ottawa approved the foundation of China Mission College at Almonte, Ontario, and the institution received the blessing and support of many of the Canadian hierarchy.

At Almonte, Father Fraser gathered about him, as did Christ Himself, twelve young apostles. In October 1919, CHINA, the mission monthly publication, made its appearance.

At the suggestion of Archbishop McNeil, property was acquired in Scarborough and the senior students were transferred to this new house. Father Fraser joined them soon after. In 1924, St. Francis Xavier, China Mission Seminary was formally blessed and opened on the Scarborough Bluffs in Ontario. The following year, Father Fraser headed the first departure group to the district of Lishui in Southern Chekiang, China.

Monsignor Fraser was noted for his drive for establishing the Kingdom of God and for his ready adaptability to new paths when familiar ones were cut off.

## Programs

### 16-18 Program

Developed to meet the needs of students who are experiencing difficulty achieving success at their present high school, this program offers students:

* A small, personalized environment
* An individualized program which meets students’ unique learning styles
* The opportunity to accumulate credits towards the completion of secondary school
* The ability to accelerate study in order to complete diploma requirements sooner than in a traditional school setting

### 18-20 Program

Developed for students 18 – 20 years of age who wish to complete their secondary education in an adult education environment. This program offers students:

* The opportunity to earn 2 full credits every 9 weeks (8 credits per year)
* A variety of multi-level course offerings
* 4 Entry points annually
* A flexible learning environment

### 21+ Program

This program is designed for adults over the age of 21 who still need to complete their secondary education or new Canadians who are seeking an Ontario Secondary School Diploma or Certificate, knowledge of the English language and/or a gateway to either the workplace or post-secondary school education.

### Transition to Work Co-Operative Education Program (T2W)

This program provides an opportunity for students with specific identified needs to explore the workplace with the assistance of job coaches and educational assistants. Students are prepared for the transition to the world of work and if required, to supported independent living.

## Highlights

Alternative Education (16-20) • Adult Day School (18-20) • Continuing Education (Over 21) • SWAC at George Brown, Seneca, and Humber Program • Flexible learning environment • Four entry points annually • A variety of multi-level courseoff erings • Various locations throughout the city.

## Campuses

## InfoBox

| Monsignor Fraser College | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Isabella Campus | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 146 Isabella Street
Cabbagetown, Toronto, Ontario, M4Y 1P6
Canada | |
| Coordinates | 43°40′11″N 79°22′36″W / 43.6698°N 79.3768°W / 43.6698; -79.3768 |
| Information | |
| School type | Catholic Alternative High School
Catholic Adult High School |
| Religious affiliation(s) | Catholic |
| Founded | 1975 |
| School board | Toronto Catholic District School Board
(Metropolitan Separate School Board) |
| Superintendent | Gina Iuliano Marrello
Student Success School Support Initiative |
| Area trustee | Norm Di Pasquale
Ward 9 |
| School number | 533 / 680362 (Isabella)
**Other Campuses**:
532 / 733474 (Annex)
532 / 681500 (Midland)
496 / 681500 (Midland North)
558 / 927830 (Norfinch)
500 / 733490 (Orientation Centre) |
| Principal | Michael Alexander |
| Vice Principal | Claudia Escobar (Midland)
Michael Schmidt (Isabella/Annex)
Pedro Rodrigues (Norfinch) |
| Grades | 9-12 |
| Enrolment | 1000 (2022-2023) |
| Language | English |
| Colour(s) | Burgundy and Silver |
| Parish | Our Lady of Lourdes |
| Website | www.tcdsb.org/o/msgrfrasercollege |


title: Monsignor Bonner High School

abstract: Monsignor Bonner High School was an all-male Augustinian Catholic High School in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia. It was located in Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania. Bonner was created in 1953 as Archbishop Prendergast High School for Boys. In 1955, the current building was constructed, and in 1957 entitled Monsignor Bonner High School. The previously occupied building became the all-female Archbishop Prendergast High School. In 2012, Bonner merged with the all-girls Archbishop Prendergast High School to form Monsignor Bonner and Archbishop Prendergast High School. The Order of St. Augustine is no longer associated with the combined institution.

text:
# Monsignor Bonner High School

**Monsignor Bonner High School** was an all-male Augustinian Catholic High School in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia. It was located in Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania. Bonner was created in 1953 as Archbishop Prendergast High School for Boys. In 1955, the current building was constructed, and in 1957 entitled Monsignor Bonner High School. The previously occupied building became the all-female Archbishop Prendergast High School. In 2012, Bonner merged with the all-girls Archbishop Prendergast High School to form Monsignor Bonner and Archbishop Prendergast High School. The Order of St. Augustine is no longer associated with the combined institution.

## History

Monsignor Bonner was run by the Order of Saint Augustine of the Province of St. Thomas of Villanova. It was one of nine Augustinian high schools in North America. Bonner had a storied history with the Augustinians, as those assigned to Bonner resided in the friary behind the school. Monsignor John J. Bonner, the school's namesake, was the Superintendent of Schools of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia from 1926 to 1945. He is credited with establishing the Philadelphia Catholic League and was one of the best-known Catholic educators in the country.

In September 2005, the Office of Catholic Education of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia announced an administrative restructuring of Monsignor Bonner High School for Boys and the neighboring Archbishop Prendergast High School for Girls. The schools began operating under one administration beginning on 1 July 2006. Bonner's president was appointed president of the new co-institutional Monsignor Bonner & Archbishop Prendergast Catholic High School. The principal of neighboring Archbishop Prendergast High School, Mrs. Mary Berner, was named principal of the co-institutional school in January 2006.

### The Augustinians in North America

The order's North American foundation happened in 1796 when Irish friars arrived in Philadelphia. Michael Hurley was the first American to join the Order the following year. Friars established schools, universities, and other works throughout the Americas, also including Villanova University in Philadelphia (USA) and Merrimack College (USA). Malvern Preparatory School was founded in 1842 alongside Villanova University. By 1909, two Augustinian houses and a school had been established in Chicago, 1922 in San Diego, by 1925 a school in Ojai and Los Angeles; 1926 a school in Oklahoma; in 1947 a college in Massachusetts; in 1952 Austin Catholic Preparatory School in Detroit, Michigan (closed in 1978); in 1953 this school; 1959 a school in New Jersey, another in Reading (Massachusetts); and in 1962 a school in Illinois.

The Augustinian Friars left campus and removed themselves from the day-to-day activities of the school at the end of the 2008-2009 academic school year. Due to the lack of priests in the Augustinian Order and the expense to the Province of Saint Thomas of Villanova, they decided to leave and focus on the remaining parishes, ministries, facilities, and educational institutions they serve. Many of Bonner's friars relocated to nearby Malvern Preparatory School.

## Campus

The campus was adjacent to, but not within, the Drexel Hill census-designated place. It had a Drexel Hill postal address.

## Admissions

At one time, the student body numbered 3,000. In 2012, it was 600.

## Notable alumni

## Notable staff

### Presidents

*The position of President established in 1993 for all Archdiocesan High Schools. The President is responsible for financial operations, facilities issues, fundraising, alumni relations, and external affairs.*

* 1993 to 1996: Rev. Gordon Marcellus, O.S.A.
* 1996 to 1999: Mr. Thomas Smith
* 1999 to 2001: Rev. John Denny, O.S.A. '75
* 2001 to 2009: Rev. Augustine M. Esposito, O.S.A '69
* 2009 to 2012: Rev. James P. Olson

### Principals

*The Principal was originally the top administrator in the school. In 1993, this shifted when the Presidency was introduced. Since then, the Principal has handled the day-to-day operation of the school.*

* 1953 to 1959: Rev. John Gallagher, O.S.A.
* 1959 to 1962: Rev. Kenneth Kennedy, O.S.A.
* 1962 to 1967: Rev. Thomas Mahoney, O.S.A.
* 1967 to 1972: Rev. David Duffy, O.S.A.
* 1972 to 1974: Rev. Francis Sevick, O.S.A.
* 1974 to 1976: Rev. Harry Erdlen, O.S.A.
* 1976 to 1979: Rev. George Burnell, O.S.A.
* 1979 to 1987: Rev. Francis Horn, O.S.A., '67
* 1987 to 1993: Rev. Gordon Marcellus, O.S.A.
* 1993 to 1999: Rev. John T. Denny, O.S.A., '75
* 1999 to 2005: Dr. Thomas F. Rooney, EdD, '62
* 2005 to 2006: Mr. William Brannick, '95 (Acting Principal)
* 2006 to 2007: Mrs. Mary Haley Berner, (first co-institutional Principal)
* 2007 to 2012: Mr. William E. Brannick, '95 (co-institutional Principal)

## InfoBox

| Monsignor Bonner High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 403 North Lansdowne Avenue
Drexel Hill address, Delaware County, Pennsylvania 19026
United States | |
| Coordinates | 39°57′12″N 75°16′53″W / 39.95333°N 75.28139°W / 39.95333; -75.28139 |
| Information | |
| Type | Private, All-Male |
| Motto | "Purity - Integrity - Loyalty" |
| Religious affiliation(s) | Roman Catholic |
| Denomination | Order of Saint Augustine |
| Established | 1953 |
| Closed | 2012 |
| Grades | 12 |
| Color(s) | Green Gold White |
| Nickname | Friars |
| Newspaper | *Bonner Bulletin* |
| Yearbook | *BonAire* |
| Alumni | 18,000 |
| Website | bonnerhigh.com |


title: Monsignor Donovan Catholic High School

abstract: Monsignor Donovan Catholic High School (MDCHS) is an independent, Roman Catholic high school located in Athens, Georgia, United States.

text:
# Monsignor Donovan Catholic High School

**Monsignor Donovan Catholic High School** (**MDCHS**) is an independent, Roman Catholic high school located in Athens, Georgia, United States.

## Mission

The mission of Monsignor Donovan Catholic High School as a Catholic college-preparatory school is to develop leaders with the competence, conscience, compassion, confidence, and courage who, out of love for Christ and others, will radiate Christ in their lives.

## Academics

MDCHS offers a challenging academic program that serves as an excellent preparation for college. There are currently 9 AP classes offered: World History, United States History, English Language, English Literature, AB Calculus, Biology, Latin, Seminar and Research.

## Athletics

MDCHS is a member of the Georgia Independent School Association (GISA). School teams compete in football, softball, volleyball, cross country, soccer, basketball, swimming, tennis, baseball, track, and golf. The MDCHS boys tennis team was the GISA Region 1AA champion in 2010.

## InfoBox

| Monsignor Donovan Catholic High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 590 Lavender Road
Athens, (Clarke County), Georgia 30606
United States | |
| Coordinates | 33°59′32″N 83°27′1″W / 33.99222°N 83.45028°W / 33.99222; -83.45028 |
| Information | |
| Type | Private, coeducational |
| Motto | To Radiate the Lord |
| Religious affiliation(s) | Roman Catholic |
| Established | 2003 |
| School code | 110138 |
| Head of school | Dr. Ashli Walker |
| Grades | 12 |
| Student to teacher ratio | 10:1 |
| Language | Spanish, Greek, and Latin |
| Color(s) | Navy blue, silver and white |
| Athletics conference | GISA |
| Sports | Football, Volleyball, Cross Country, Cheerleading, Soccer, Basketball, Swimming, Tennis, Baseball, Golf, Track |
| Mascot | Ram |
| Accreditation | Southern Association of Colleges and Schools |
| School fees | $85 |
| Tuition | $13,364 |
| Affiliation | National Catholic Educational Association |
| Website | donovancatholichs.org |


title: Monocrotophos

abstract: Monocrotophos is an organophosphate insecticide. It is acutely toxic to birds and humans, so it has been banned in the U.S., the E.U., India and many other countries.

text:
# Monocrotophos

**Monocrotophos** is an organophosphate insecticide. It is acutely toxic to birds and humans, so it has been banned in the U.S., the E.U., India and many other countries.

## Uses

Monocrotophos is principally used in agriculture, as a relatively cheap pesticide. However, it is also used frequently as a tool to commit suicide. It is used as a pesticide for cucumber.

Monocrotophos is believed to be the contaminant responsible for the death of 23 schoolchildren in a Bihar, India school. They ate a state-provided school lunch in the district of Saran in India in July 2013 which was prepared in oil kept in the container of this pesticide.

## Toxicity

### To wildlife

Widespread bird kills, including a large kill of Swainson's Hawks in Argentina, have resulted from the use of monocrotophos.

### Diabetogen

In a study published in Genome Biology, researchers demonstrated the gut microbiota mediated diabetogenic effect of organophosphate insecticides. They used monocrotophos as the prototypical organophosphate in their study and showcased that during chronic intake, monocrotophos is degraded by the gut microbiota and the end products are converted to glucose via gluconeogenesis that account for glucose intolerance. All the studies were validated in human samples from the villages in Madurai.

### Cardiotoxicity

In a recent study, Wistar rats were administered 1/50 of LD50 dosage of monocrotophos (0.36 mg/kg body weight) orally via gavage daily for three weeks. Animals administered Monocrotophos exhibited mild hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in the blood. Cardiac oxidative stress was conferred by accumulation of protein carbonyls, lipid peroxidation and glutathione production. The cardiac markers (cTn-I, CK-MB and LDH) showed elevated levels in blood plasma, which indicates cardiac tissue damage. The histopathology of the heart tissue authenticated the monocrotophos induced tissue damage by showing signs of nonspecific inflammatory changes and edema between muscle fibres. Thus the findings of this preliminary study illustrate the cardiotoxic effect of prolonged monocrotophos intake in rats and suggest that MCP can be a possible independent and potent environmental cardiovascular risk factor.

### Acute effects

Nerve growth factor (50 ng/ml) induced functional differentiation in PC12 cells has been reported. The studies have been carried out showing mitochondria mediated apoptosis in PC12 cells exposed to monocrotophos. A significant induction in reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxides, and the ratio of glutathione disulfide/reduced glutathione was observed in cells exposed to selected doses of monocrotophos. Following the exposure of PC12 cells to monocrotophos, the levels of protein and mRNA expression of caspase-3, caspase-9, BAX, p53, p21, PUMA, and cytochrome-c were significantly upregulated, whereas the levels of Bcl-2, Bcl-w, and Mcl-1 were downregulated. TUNEL assay, DNA laddering, and micronuclei induction show that long-term exposure of PC12 cells to monocrotophos at higher concentration (10−5 ) decreases the number of apoptotic events due to an increase in the number of necrotic cells. Monocrotophos-induced translocation of BAX and cytochrome-c proteins between the cytoplasm and mitochondria confirmed the role of monocrotophos in the permeability of the mitochondrial membrane. Mitochondria mediated apoptosis induction was confirmed by the increased activity of caspase cascade. These apoptotic changes could be correlated with elevated levels of expression of selected cytochrome P450s (CYP1A1/1A2, 2B1/2B2, 2E1) in PC12 cells exposed to monocrotophos (10−5 M).

## InfoBox

Monocrotophos
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name Dimethyl (2*E*)-4-(methylamino)-4-oxobut-2-en-2-yl phosphate | |
| Other names 3-Hydroxy-N-methylcrotonamide dimethylphosphate, Monocron | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChEBI |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.027.311 |
| KEGG |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C7H14NO5P/c1-6(5-7(9)8-2)13-14(10,11-3)12-4/h5H,1-4H3,(H,8,9)/b6-5+ YKey: KRTSDMXIXPKRQR-AATRIKPKSA-N Y * InChI=1/C7H14NO5P/c1-6(5-7(9)8-2)13-14(10,11-3)12-4/h5H,1-4H3,(H,8,9)/b6-5+Key: KRTSDMXIXPKRQR-AATRIKPKBN | |
| SMILES * O=P(O/C(=C/C(=O)NC)C)(OC)OC | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C7H14NO5P |
| Molar mass | 223.2 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless to reddish-brown solid |
| Odor | Mild, ester-like |
| Density | 1.33 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 55 °C (131 °F; 328 K) |
| Boiling point | 120 °C (248 °F; 393 K) .0005 mmHg |
| Solubility in water | miscible |
| Vapor pressure | 0.000007 mmHg (20°C) |
| Hazards | |
| **Occupational safety and health** (OHS/OSH): | |
| Main hazards | blood cholinesterase |
| Flash point | \> 93 °C; 200 °F; 366 K |
| **NIOSH** (US health exposure limits): | |
| PEL (Permissible) | none |
| REL (Recommended) | TWA 0.25 mg/m3 |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | N.D. |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is YN ?)  Infobox references | |


title: Monoctanoin

abstract: Monoctanoin is a monoglyceride used to dissolve gallstones consisting of cholesterol. It is not available in the US any more. The drug was given by injection through a catheter into the bile duct. Its most common adverse effects were abdominal or stomach pain, usually mild, or a burning sensation.

text:
# Monoctanoin

**Monoctanoin** (or **monocaprylin**; trade name **Moctanin**) is a monoglyceride used to dissolve gallstones consisting of cholesterol. It is not available in the US any more.

The drug was given by injection through a catheter into the bile duct. Its most common adverse effects were abdominal or stomach pain, usually mild, or a burning sensation.

## InfoBox

Monoctanoin
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Moctanin |
| Other names | 1-Mono-octanoin; glycerol monoctanoate; 1-monocaprylin; 1-monocapryloyl-rac-glycerol; 1-monooctanoin; 1-monooctanoylglycerol; caprylic acid α-monoglyceride; DL-1-monooctanoin; glyceryl 1-monooctanoate; octanoic acid 1-monoglyceride; α-monocaprylin |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information |
| Routes of
administration | Injection through catheter into bile duct |
| ATC code | * None |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | * Discontinued |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name * 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl octanoate | |
| CAS Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| DrugBank |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| UNII |  |
| KEGG |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.112.381 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C11H22O4 |
| Molar mass | 218.293 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| SMILES * O=C(OCC(O)CO)CCCCCCC | |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C11H22O4/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-11(14)15-9-10(13)8-12/h10,12-13H,2-9H2,1H3 * Key:GHBFNMLVSPCDGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |


title: Monoctenia smerintharia

abstract: Monoctenia smerintharia, more commonly known as the dark leaf moth, is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by Rudolf Felder and Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer in 1875. It is found in Australia. The larvae feed on the leaves of gum trees. The adult moths are brown, sometimes with black smudges and scalloped submarginal lines on the forewings and a reddish shading on the hindwings. The wings have scalloped edges, and the forewing tips are recurved. The wingspan is about 6 centimeters. Its natural posture has the wings closed like a tent over the body, with the tip of the abdomen curved upward.

text:
# Monoctenia smerintharia

***Monoctenia smerintharia***, more commonly known as the **dark leaf moth**, is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by Rudolf Felder and Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer in 1875. It is found in Australia. The larvae feed on the leaves of gum trees.

The adult moths are brown, sometimes with black smudges and scalloped submarginal lines on the forewings and a reddish shading on the hindwings. The wings have scalloped edges, and the forewing tips are recurved. The wingspan is about 6 centimeters. Its natural posture has the wings closed like a tent over the body, with the tip of the abdomen curved upward.

## InfoBox

| *Monoctenia smerintharia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Monoctenia* |
| Species: | ***M. smerintharia*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Monoctenia smerintharia***<br>R. Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875 | |
|


title: Mordellina purcharti

abstract: Mordellina purcharti is a species of beetle in the genus Mordellina. It was described in 2012.

text:
# Mordellina purcharti

***Mordellina purcharti*** is a species of beetle in the genus *Mordellina*. It was described in 2012.

## InfoBox

| *Mordellina purcharti* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Subfamily: | Mordellinae |
| Tribe: | Mordellini |
| Genus: | *Mordellina* |
| Species: | ***M. purcharti*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordellina purcharti***<br>Horák, Farkac & Nakládal, 2012 | |
|


title: Montenegro Davis Cup team

abstract: The Montenegro Davis Cup team represents Montenegro in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Tennis Federation of Montenegro. Montenegro currently compete in Europe Zone Group III. Montenegro made its debut in Davis Cup in 2007 in the Europe/Africa Zone of Group IV. In competition with Andorra, Armenia, Botswana and Rwanda, Montenegro finished first with all four victories, losing only one set in twelve matches played. In 2008, Montenegro competed in the Europe/Africa Zone of Group III. With four victories and one defeat at the hands of host Bulgaria, Montenegro was second in Venue 1 and was promoted to Europe/Africa Zone of Group II. In 2009, Montenegro lost a first round tie to Monaco 5–0 at Monte Carlo Country Club, Roquebrune Cap Martin, and had to play a relegation play-off against Denmark. The tie came to the decisive match, which Montenegro lost in straight sets. With the final score 2–3, Montenegro lost its second tie in the second group, which led to relegation back to Europe Zone Group III. In 2013, Montenegro played only one draw against San Marino; after two matches, the last game was not played due to heavy rains.

text:
# Montenegro Davis Cup team

The **Montenegro Davis Cup team** represents Montenegro in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Tennis Federation of Montenegro.

Montenegro currently compete in Europe Zone Group III.

Montenegro made its debut in Davis Cup in 2007 in the Europe/Africa Zone of Group IV. In competition with Andorra, Armenia, Botswana and Rwanda, Montenegro finished first with all four victories, losing only one set in twelve matches played.

In 2008, Montenegro competed in the Europe/Africa Zone of Group III. With four victories and one defeat at the hands of host Bulgaria, Montenegro was second in Venue 1 and was promoted to Europe/Africa Zone of Group II.

In 2009, Montenegro lost a first round tie to Monaco 5–0 at Monte Carlo Country Club, Roquebrune Cap Martin, and had to play a relegation play-off against Denmark. The tie came to the decisive match, which Montenegro lost in straight sets. With the final score 2–3, Montenegro lost its second tie in the second group, which led to relegation back to Europe Zone Group III. In 2013, Montenegro played only one draw against San Marino; after two matches, the last game was not played due to heavy rains.

## Current team (2022)

## History

Montenegro competed in its first Davis Cup in 2007. Montenegro previously competed as part of Serbia and Montenegro and as part of Yugoslavia.

## Matches

Full list of Montenegrin Davis Cup team matches (since independence):

| No. | Year | Opponent | Final score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 2007 | Botswana | 3–0 |
| 2 | 2007 | Rwanda | 3–0 |
| 3 | 2007 | Andorra | 3–0 |
| 4 | 2007 | Armenia | 3–0 |
| 5 | 2008 | Bulgaria | 0–3 |
| 6 | 2008 | Zimbabwe | 3–0 |
| 7 | 2008 | Turkey | 2–1 |
| 8 | 2008 | Ivory Coast | 3–0 |
| 9 | 2008 | Madagascar | 2–1 |
| 10 | 2009 | Monaco | 0–5 |
| 11 | 2009 | Denmark | 2–3 |
| 12 | 2010 | Armenia | 3–0 |
| 13 | 2010 | Greece | 1–2 |
| 14 | 2010 | Albania | 3–0 |
| 15 | 2010 | San Marino | 3–0 |
| 16 | 2010 | Moldova | 1–2 |
| 17 | 2010 | Malta | 3–0 |
| 18 | 2011 | Georgia | 3–0 |
| 19 | 2011 | Armenia | 2–1 |
| 20 | 2011 | Moldova | 1–2 |
|

Note: Montenegro scores first

## Statistics

*Last updated: Montenegro - Malta; 7 April 2018*

Record * Total: 29–14–1 (65.9%)

1. "Coppa Davis: San Marino - Montenegro 1-1" (in Italian). www.smtvsanmarino.sm. 25 May 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2017.

## InfoBox

| Montenegro | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Captain | Balša Milošević |
| ITF ranking | 83  (6 December 2021) |
| Colors | red & yellow |
|  | |
| First year | 2007 |
| Years played | 14 |
| Ties played (W–L) | 51 (33–17) |
| Years in
World Group | 0 |
| Best finish | Europe/Africa Zone group II
first round (2009) |
|  | |
| Most total wins | Ljubomir Čelebić (33–12) |
| Most singles wins | Ljubomir Čelebić (21–9) |
| Most doubles wins | Ljubomir Čelebić (12–3) |
| Best doubles team | Ljubomir Čelebić &
Nemanja Kontić (4–0) |
| Most ties played | Ljubomir Čelebić (33) |
| Most years played | Ljubomir Čelebić (10) |
| Last updated on: 6 December 2021. | |


title: Mondo Meyer Upakhyan

abstract: Mondo Meyer Upakhyan is a 2002 Indian Bengali-language film directed and written by Buddhadev Dasgupta. The film was also released under the English title A Tale of A Naughty Girl and French title Chroniques Indiennes. The film stars Samata Das in the title role. It also stars Tapas Paul, Rituparna Sengupta, Sreelekha Mitra, Sudipta Chakraborty and June Malia. The film won National Film Award for Best Feature Film in 2003.

text:
# Mondo Meyer Upakhyan

***Mondo Meyer Upakhyan*** (Bengali: *মন্দ মেয়ের উপাখ্যান*) is a 2002 Indian Bengali-language film directed and written by Buddhadev Dasgupta. The film was also released under the English title *A Tale of A Naughty Girl* and French title *Chroniques Indiennes*. The film stars Samata Das in the title role. It also stars Tapas Paul, Rituparna Sengupta, Sreelekha Mitra, Sudipta Chakraborty and June Malia. The film won National Film Award for Best Feature Film in 2003.

## Plot

Based on a short story by Bengali writer Prafulla Roy, the central idea developed by director Dasgupta, tells the story of a girl, Lati (Samata Das), whose mother Rajani (Rituparna Sengupta) is a prostitute living and working in a brothel in rural India. Rajani plans to offer her daughter to an older man, a rich husband and protector to her daughter. Lati, however, wants to return to school and finish her studies. Unwilling to pay such a price for material success, she runs away to Calcutta. The discovery of this new world is described parallel to other stories of emancipation, such as that of three young prostitutes, of an aged couple going nowhere and man's landing on the Moon. In a surrealistic approach typical of the director, a clumsy cat and an intelligent donkey are also present in the film.

Ganesh (Tapas Paul) works full-time as a driver for wealthy Bengali-speaking, Natabar Paladhi (Ram Gopal Bajaj), who lives in a mansion with his wife, children and grandchildren, and runs 'Anjali Cinema' He has Ganesh use his vehicle as a private taxi cab. Amongst Ganesh's customers are a woman named Bakul (June Malia), who alights near a town of Gosaipara to take up prostitution with Jamunabai; an abandoned elderly couple who are in need of hospitalization  there is none in the vicinity, and they end up secretly riding with Ganesh all the time; while Natabar uses this vehicle to travel to Gosaipara to visit a prostitute named Rajani and negotiate with her so that he can have her 14-year-old daughter, Lati, as his mistress. Things get complicated when Lati rebels against her mother so she can return to school, and a prostitute is about to get killed by her vengeful husband.

## Cast

## Crew

## Promotion

Directors like Dasgupta (and others of his ilk like Adoor Gopalakrishnan or Mrinal Sen) make movies that are very specific to their own cultural milieu. A great master like the late Satyajit Ray was never comfortable when he stepped outside his native Bengal with his camera. So too Dasgupta. His latest work, Mondo Meyer Upakhyan (A Tale of a Naughty Girl), is set in his favourite Purulia, a backward region in West Bengal. Beyond these main travails of Lati, Dasgupta presents a gripping account of village life. On Dasgupta's canvas, one witnesses life in all its splendour. A Tale of a Naughty Girl is undoubtedly a piece of celluloid that elevates cinema to another realm. It is extremely positive, and probably comes from a deep sense of peace and tranquillity that Dasgupta must have achieved from his poetic inclination.

## Released

| Country | Date | Festivals |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Canada | 7 September 2002 | (Toronto International Film Festival) |
| Brazil | 25 October 2002 | (Mostra BR de São Paulo) |
| South Korea | 18 November 2002 | (Pusan International Film Festival) |
| United States | 14 January 2003 | (Palm Springs International Film Festival) |
| Denmark | 31 March 2003 | (NatFilm Festival) |
| United States | 4 April 2003 | (Philadelphia International Film Festival) |
| France | 17-May-03 | (Cannes Film Festival) |
| UK | 15-Jun-03 | (Commonwealth Film Festival) |
| Russia | 26-Jun-03 | (Moscow Film Festival) |
| Czech Republic | 09-Jul-03 | (Karlovy Vary Film Festival) |
| Australia | 18 September 2003 |  |
| United States | 22-Oct-04 | (Milwaukee International Film Festival) |
| France | 17-Nov-04 |  |
| Poland | 24-Jul-05 | (Era New Horizons Film Festival) |
|  |

## Awards

1. *Mondo Meyer Upakhyan (A Tale of a Naughty Girl) (2001)*, retrieved 27 March 2019
2. "Mondo Meyer Upakhyan (2003) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos". *Cinestaan*. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
3. "The Hindu : Work of rare depth". www.hinduonnet.com. Archived from the original on 18 June 2002. Retrieved 29 October 2008.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
4. "Mando Meyer Upakshan(2003) Movie Awards". www.gomolo.in. Archived from the original on 4 October 2011. Retrieved 29 October 2008.
5. "Mondo Meyer Upakhyan (2002) - Awards". www.imdb.com. Retrieved 29 October 2008.

## InfoBox

| Mondo Meyer Upakhyan | |
| --- | --- |
| The French language film poster of the film | |
| Directed by | Buddhadev Dasgupta |
| Written by |  |
| Produced by | Arya Bhattacharjee |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Venu |
| Release date | * 2002 (2002) |
| Running time | 90 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Bengali |