abstract: The Independent Police Investigative Directorate (IPID), formerly the Independent Complaints Directorate (ICD), is a department of the South African government responsible for investigating complaints against the South African Police Service and municipal police services. The IPID was created in April 1997 as part of the post-apartheid reform of the South African Police. It investigates deaths in custody, crimes allegedly committed by police officers, violations of SAPS policy, and dissatisfaction with the service provided by the police.

text:
# Independent Police Investigative Directorate

The **Independent Police Investigative Directorate** (**IPID**), formerly the **Independent Complaints Directorate** (**ICD**), is a department of the South African government responsible for investigating complaints against the South African Police Service and municipal police services.

The IPID was created in April 1997 as part of the post-apartheid reform of the South African Police. It investigates deaths in custody, crimes allegedly committed by police officers, violations of SAPS policy, and dissatisfaction with the service provided by the police.

## InfoBox

Independent Police Investigative Directorate
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Department overview | |
| Formed | 1997 (1997) |
| Jurisdiction | Government of South Africa |
| Headquarters | Benstra Building, 473B Stanza Bopape Street, Arcadia, Pretoria |
| Annual budget | 353 778 million (2021/22) |
| Ministers responsible |  |
| Department executive | * Jennifer Ntlatseng, Executive Director |
| Parent department | Department of Police |
| Key document |  |
| Website | https://www.ipid.gov.za/ |
| Map | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Portuguese in Belgium

abstract: Portuguese in Belgium are the citizens or residents of Belgium whose ethnic origins lie in Portugal. Portuguese Belgians are Portuguese-born citizens with a Belgian citizenship or Belgian-born citizens of Portuguese ancestry or citizenship.

text:
# Portuguese in Belgium

**Portuguese in Belgium** (also known as **Portuguese-Belgians** / **Belgian-Portuguese Community** or, in Portuguese, as *Portugueses na Bélgica* / *Comunidade portuguesa na* *Bélgica* / *Luso-belgas*) are the citizens or residents of Belgium whose ethnic origins lie in Portugal.

Portuguese Belgians are Portuguese-born citizens with a Belgian citizenship or Belgian-born citizens of Portuguese ancestry or citizenship.

## History

### 15th Century

Until the 19th century, Belgium, as we know it today, did not exist as an independent nation. The territory that is now Belgium was part of various larger political entities, including the Spanish Netherlands, the Austrian Netherlands, and the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. Nevertheless, there have always been interactions between Portugal and the region that would later become Belgium, mostly through trade or diplomatic relations.

As commercial relations intensified in the 15th century, the Duke of Burgundy granted privileges to the Portuguese in Flanders on December 26, 1411. These privileges pertained to the weighing of goods, loading and unloading at various ports, carrying arms, and ensuring secure transactions with money changers.

On January 10, 1430, Isabel of Portugal, daughter of D. João I and Philippa of Lancaster, the only sister in the renowned "illustrious generation," married Philip III, Duke of Burgundy, and Count of Flanders, whose territories already extended to Antwerp. With her came an additional 2,000 Portuguese, who engaged in significant activities in commerce, finance, and the arts. Isabel (1397–1471), amidst the wealthiest and most refined European court of the time, became a patron of the arts, represented her husband in several diplomatic missions, and exerted influence over her son, Charles the Bold, who succeeded him.

With the support of the Portuguese, Philip initiated a shipyard for ship construction in Bruges. The privileges of the Portuguese were expanded on November 2, 1438, by a letter from the Duke in Brussels. This granted Portuguese merchants the ability to elect consuls with legal powers, as they knew and judged disputes arising among the Portuguese, with the right to appeal to the local judges. They were also granted the power to impose fines on those who did not comply, thereby acquiring complete civil jurisdiction over the Portuguese community, which governed itself by its own statutes.

In 1445, the Portuguese *feitoria* (factory) was established in Bruges.

### 16th Century

By the late 15th century, the decline of Bruges' port and the rise of Antwerp as the economic center of the Low Countries resulted in Portuguese merchants relocating to Antwerp.

In 1499, the Portuguese trading post moved to Antwerp, and the community gained special privileges.

In the early 16th century, Antwerp emerged as a prominent shipping hub, frequented by Portuguese vessels laden with valuable spices such as pepper and cinnamon from Asia. The bustling port played a pivotal role in the lucrative spice trade. This unprecedented economic success positioned Antwerp as a vital player in the global trade landscape. During the 16th century, Antwerp's Portuguese trading post played a significant role as a commercial hub, exchanging goods from the Atlantic Islands, Africa, the Orient, and Portugal for metals, artillery, and fabrics from Europe.

In 1510, the Portuguese community obtained the status of "most-favored nation", gaining privileges, especially regarding the jurisdiction of two annually elected consuls, with one sometimes serving as the royal factor. These privileges were acknowledged and renewed in subsequent years.

In 1523, Damião de Góis became the secretary of the Portuguese Trading Post in Antwerp due to his Flemish ancestry, appointed by King John III.

Additionally, "Marranos" – Portuguese Jews fleeing persecution – contributed to the growing Portuguese population in Antwerp from 1526 onwards. The Jewish community in Antwerp flourished, and it played an essential role in the city's economic and cultural life. Their active involvement in trade, finance, and other commercial ventures contributed to Antwerp's continued prosperity and international standing.

While historical records may not provide precise figures on the exact number of Portuguese Jews in Antwerp during this period, their presence was undoubtedly significant in shaping the city's character and growth. Today, Antwerp's Jewish community remains an integral part of its rich cultural heritage. In addition, around 5,000 Portuguese remain in Antwerp.

Despite the initial success, over the years, the trading post accumulated a significant debt, leading John III of Portugal to close its operations. By Royal charter on February 15, 1549, he ordered the return of the factor João Rebelo and other officials to Portugal.

During the reign of D. Sebastião, Jorge Pinto became consul of the Portuguese nation's house, assuming some of the trading post's functions.

Around 1576, about a fifth of the Portuguese population in Antwerp moved to Cologne due to changes in the Low Countries during the Dutch War of Independence. After the city's conquest by the Spanish troops, many Portuguese- especially the Jews – left for the Netherlands or for Hamburg. Many had already emigrated towards the Ottoman Empire.

### 17th to 19th Century

The foundation of the Dutch East India Company and conflicts between Portuguese and Dutch in the East led to the decline of the Portuguese trading post in Antwerp as well as to the emigration of many Portuguese. However, the trading post continued to play a crucial role until its eventual disappearance in 1795.

### 20th Century

It was not until the 20th century that a more substantial Portuguese presence began to emerge in Belgium. After World War II, Belgium experienced economic growth and faced a labor shortage. To meet the demand for workers, the Belgian government signed bilateral agreements with several countries, including Portugal, to recruit foreign workers. As a result, many Portuguese migrants started arriving in Belgium in the 1960s and onwards.

During the early 1960s, in fact, Belgium experienced significant economic growth, which resulted in an increasing demand for labor across various sectors such as metallurgy, chemistry, construction, and transportation. This surge in labor requirements led to a relaxation of the legislation that previously mandated a work permit as a prerequisite for obtaining a residence permit for immigrants.

As economic diversification progressed, the distribution of immigrant workers underwent changes. While industrial towns were once the primary destination for immigrants, this trend shifted. The arrival of Spanish, Portuguese, and Greek immigrants gave rise to distinct neighborhoods within cities, while Moroccans and Turks predominantly settled in major urban centers like Brussels, Antwerp, and Ghent.

The role of immigration went through a transformation during this period. Authorities and employers sought to restore demographic balance in response to the significant aging of the Belgian population. They hoped that family reunification would stabilize the immigrant workforce, which was considered quite transient. Consequently, a policy of encouraging the immigration of foreign families was implemented.

One notable example of immigration during this era was the influx of Portuguese workers, who faced unique political and social realities in their home country. Portugal was characterized by a general stagnation in its agrarian, social, and political systems, coupled with the impact of brutal colonial wars in Angola and Mozambique, starting in 1961. Many Portuguese immigrants left their homeland not only for economic reasons but also due to political motives, although they refrained from seeking asylum. In addition, until the 60s there was a vibrant Portuguese community in the then Belgian Colony of the Belgian Congo. Upon independence in 1960, many Portuguese moved to Portuguese Angola, Portugal, Belgium or France.

In 1978 an "Agreement between the Portuguese Government and the Belgian Government Regarding the Living and Working Conditions, Vocational Training, and Social and Cultural Promotion of Portuguese Workers and Their Family Members Residing in Belgium" was signed between the two countries.

Belgium hasn't historically been amongst the traditional destinations chosen by Portuguese migrants, especially because of lack of linguistic affinity between the two countries, especially when dealing with the richer region of the Flandres. Nevertheless, starting in the late 1970s, in conjunction with the slowdown in departures towards France and the United States of America, Portuguese people have started opting for less "traditional" destinations such as Switzerland, Luxembourg and, although in lesser numbers, Belgium.

In the late 1980s and early 2000s, Belgium witnessed a new phase of immigration. There was a significant surge in migration from the Maghreb region and Central and Eastern Europe following the collapse of the communist bloc. On the other hand, immigration from Southern European countries such as Portugal decreased during this period.

### 21st Century

The number of Portuguese moving to Belgium soared in the first years of the 21st century, in particular after the 2008 Global recession and the consequent crisis that hit Portuguese economy.

Of the approximately 53,200 Portuguese that arrived in Belgium since 2000, 76.85% did so after 2008 and 54.46% after 2012, year in which the unemployment rate in Portugal soared to 16.1%.

The number of Portuguese nationals – thus excluding those who hold Belgian nationality as well – has doubled in the period 2000–2022, rising from approximately 26,000 people to almost 52,000 individuals.

Since 2006, the annual influx of individuals born in Portugal entering Belgium has consistently exceeded 2,000 individuals with 11,700 Portuguese entering the nation between 2011 and 2013 in pursuit of enhanced economic prospects. Since 2013 emigration towards Belgium has slowed although, with Brexit and the consequent exclusion of the United Kingdom as a prime destination for Portuguese emigrants, Belgium might attract new prospective migrants.

The Portuguese community in Belgium is fairly young, with only 10.3% of the Portuguese born population being over 65.

Portuguese migrants in Belgium generally tend to settle for shorter periods of a few years, as opposed to permanent migrations prevalent during the 1960s great emigration movements from Portugal towards France.

In fact, since 2010 around 18,100 Portuguese have left Belgium. The emigration of Portuguese citizens has been constantly increasing since the first available year of the time series (2010). It is worth noting that, starting from 2014, the Portuguese unemployment rate has steadily fallen and the economic outlook has bettered. The sole exception occurred in 2020, during which a decline in the influx of Portuguese individuals was observed. This decline is most likely attributable to the Coronavirus pandemic. Similarly, the influx of Portuguese migrants has steadily decreased since 2013, with the exception of 2019.

Despite being, theoretically, equal to other citizens as EU regulation states, many Portuguese in Belgium have faced discrimination in recent years. In particular, many Portuguese have been exploited and more are thought to be living a tough life. In some instances, such as in the construction sector, Belgian workers can earn more than three times the amount that a Portuguese worker receives for performing the same task. Many Portuguese have also been reported earning as little as €2 per hour.

Dealing with the ancient Portuguese-Jewish community in Belgium, descendants of those who stayed after WWII and didn't take part in the aliyah – numbers today around 300 Portuguese-Jewish families. They are members of the Portuguese Synagogue in Antwerp.

As of today, the Portuguese are part of a wider Portuguese-speaking community in Belgium, comprising around 11,000 people from PALOP countries (the overwhelming majority being from Angola or from Cape Verde), Timor-Leste or Macau and 65,000 Brazilians. People from CPLP countries thus number around 156,000 people, thus accounting for 1.33% of the population of Belgium. The community of people from coming from CPLP countries in Belgium is in line with other Benelux countries: In Luxembourg there are around 174,000 people (26.4% of the population) while in The Netherlands there are around 147,500 people (0.84% of the population). In particular, Belgium hosts the second largest Portuguese diaspora of the region after Luxembourg.

## Demographics

According to Portuguese registers, in 2021 almost 80,000 Portuguese citizens are registered as living in Belgium.

Similarly, as of 2022, almost 68,000 Belgians are of Portuguese descent, meaning people born in Portugal or children of at least one Portuguese-born parent. The number of people of Portuguese background is lower than that of Portuguese nationals because many Portuguese may have been born in third countries such as France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands or Germany, countries neighbourhing Belgium and all having large Portuguese populations.

The Portuguese did not acquire in significant amount Belgian citizenship due to their status as EU citizens. In fact, even though according to Belgian legislation multiple citizenship is allowed, as Portuguese are EU citizens many find it unnecessary to acquire an additional citizenship that wouldn't give them any additional rights dealing with work or residence permits.

Interestingly, since the year 2000, only 4,951 Portuguese nationals have been naturalized as Belgian citizens, which accounts for a mere 0.6% of the total number of naturalizations. However, it is worth noting that the Portuguese represent 2.4% of the foreign population, meaning they are under-represented in the naturalization process.

The Portuguese community in Belgium retains strong ties with its homeland and, between 2000 and 2021, it has sent approximately 1.105 billion euros () to Portugal in remittances. In the same timeframe, Belgians in Portugal (numbering around 6,100 individuals) have sent approximately 39.42 million euros (€) to Belgium.

## Notable people

## Further reading

* FREIRE, Anselmo Braamcamp. *Maria Brandoa, a do Crisfal*. Lisboa: Archivo Historico Portuguez, 1908. Vol 6, cap. II, p. 322–442.
* Diogo Ramada Curto, Francisco Bethencourt, "O tempo de Vasco da Gama", DIFEL, 1998, ISBN 9728325479
* Fernand Braudel, Siân Reynolds,"Civilization and Capitalism, 15th–18th Century: The perspective of the world", University of California Press, 1992, ISBN 0520081161
* Bailey Wallys Diffie, Boyd C. Shafer, George Davison Winius, "Foundations of the Portuguese empire, 1415–1580", U of Minnesota Press, 1977, ISBN 0816607826

## InfoBox

Portuguese in Belgium
| *Luso-Belgas* (Portuguese)
*Portugais en Belgique* (French)
*Portugees-Belgen* (Dutch) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Total population | |
| 80,000 (Portuguese-Belgians and Portuguese residents in Belgium) | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Belgium | |
| Languages | |
| Portuguese, French, Dutch | |
| Religion | |
| Roman Catholicism, Judaism, Irreligion | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Portuguese people, Portuguese Jews in the Netherlands, Portuguese Jews in the UK, Portuguese Jews in Turkey, Portuguese Jews in Israel, Portuguese in France, Portuguese in Germany, Portuguese in Luxembourg, Portuguese in the Netherlands | |


title: Mierle Laderman Ukeles

abstract: Mierle Laderman Ukeles is a New York City-based artist known for her feminist and service-oriented artworks, which relate the idea of process in conceptual art to domestic and civic "maintenance". Since 1977, she has been the Artist in Residence (unsalaried) of the New York City Department of Sanitation.

text:
# Mierle Laderman Ukeles

**Mierle Laderman Ukeles** (born 1939) is a New York City-based artist known for her feminist and service-oriented artworks, which relate the idea of process in conceptual art to domestic and civic "maintenance". Since 1977, she has been the Artist in Residence (unsalaried) of the New York City Department of Sanitation.

## Personal life and education

Born in Denver, Colorado, Ukeles is Jewish and the daughter of a rabbi. As an undergraduate, Ukeles studied history and international studies at Barnard College and later began her artistic training at the Pratt Institute in New York in 1962. Her time at the Pratt Institute came with controversy, as her artworks (bulbous-like sculptures at the time) were deemed "over-sexed". While one of her teachers, Robert Richenburg, resigned in protest, she left the school shortly after. She then enrolled in art education at the University of Denver. She married in 1966. Two years later she had her first of three children. Ukeles earned a Master's degree from New York University in 1974 in Inter-related Arts.

## Career

In 1969, Ukeles wrote a manifesto entitled *Maintenance Art Manifesto 1969! Proposal for an exhibition "CARE"*, as she pondered her position as an artist and mother. Her claim was to challenge the domestic role of women by reframing herself as a "maintenance artist". Maintenance, for Ukeles, includes the household activities that keep things going, such as cooking, cleaning and child-rearing. Aside from "personal" or household maintenance, the manifesto also addressed "general" or public maintenance (cleaning a building, or a street) and earth maintenance, such as addressing polluted waters. Her exhibitions and performances were intended to bring awareness to the low social status of maintenance work, generally paying either minimum wage or no payments for housewives and workers. During her exhibitions, she performed the same tasks that she would perform in her daily life, including entertaining guests or partaking in a Mikveh.

Several of her performances in the 1970s involved the maintenance of art spaces, including the Wadsworth Atheneum in Hartford. At the Wadsworth Atheneum, Ukeles cleaned the steps of the museum's entrance, as part of the 1973 all-female exhibition c.7500, curated by Lucy Lippard.

Since 1977, she has been the Artist in Residence (unsalaried) of the New York City Department of Sanitation. She is the only artist to ever hold that position. In 2019, she received the Francis J. Greenburger Award for artists whom the art world knows to be of extraordinary merit but who have not been fully recognized by the public.

In 1989, Ukeles was commissioned by the Fresh Kills Landfill in Staten Island, to work on the reclamation project to transform the 2200-acre, largest manmade site, to a recreational park known as Freshkills Park. Ukeles invited New Yorkers from all five boroughs to contribute palm-sized artworks made of trash.

In 2020, Mierle Laderman Ukeles unveiled a new artwork entitled *For ⟶ forever...*. The work, a 15-second video piece, was put on display on Time Square billboards, the Queens Museum's facade, and on New York's subway screens and showed:

> Dear Service Worker,
> "Thank you for keeping NYC alive!"
> For ⟶ forever...

## Concepts and methodologies

The role of the artist for Ukeles is that of an activist: empowering people to act and change societal values and norms. This agenda stems from a feminist concern with challenging the privileged and gendered notion of the independent artist. For Ukeles, art is not fixed and complete but an ongoing process that is connected to everyday life and her *Manifesto for Maintenance Art* proclaims the infection of art by everyday mundane activities. The gargantuan domestic actions that she performed primarily became inaugurated out of her role as artist and mother in the 70s. After the birth of her first child in 1968, Ukeles believes that her public identity as an artist slipped into second place, because of the public perception of the role of a mother.

### *Manifesto For Maintenance Art 1969!*

Initially written as a proposal for an exhibition entitled *Care*, the *Manifesto For Maintenance Art* emphasizes maintenance—keeping things clean, working and cared for—as a creative strategy. The manifesto came about after Ukeles gave birth to her first child. Suddenly she had to balance her time as an artist and mother, and had little time to create art. She noted that the famous male artists that she admired never had to make such sacrifices. She has described this feeling and the epiphany that lead to the manifesto in this way, "I felt like two separate people...the free artists and the mother/maintenance worker...I was never working so hard in my whole life, trying to keep together the two people I had become. Yet people said to me, when they saw me pushing my baby carriage, "Do you do anything?"...Then I had an epiphany... I have the freedom to name maintenance as art. I can collide freedom into its supposed opposite and call that art. I name necessity art."

The manifesto is formed into two major parts. In part I, under the rubric 'Ideas' she makes a distinction between the two basic systems of 'Development' and 'Maintenance', where the former is associated with 'pure individual creation', 'the new', 'change' and the latter is tasked with 'keep the dust off the pure individual creation, preserve the new, sustain the change'. She asks, "after the revolution, who’s going to pick up the garbage on Monday morning?". This contrasts with the modernist tradition in which the originality of an artist is foregrounded and the mundane material reality of an artist's everyday life is disregarded.

The second part describes her proposal for the exhibition and is made up of three parts *A) Part One: Personal*, *B) Part Two: General* and *C) Part Three: Earth Maintenance*. She begins with the statement “I am an artist. I am a woman. I am a wife. I am a mother. (Random order) I do a hell of a lot of washing, cleaning, cooking, renewing, supporting, preserving, etc. Also, (up to now separately) I ‘do’ Art. Now I will simply do these everyday things, and flush them up to consciousness, exhibit them, as Art \[...\] MY WORKING WILL BE THE WORK”

### *Touch Sanitation* (1979-80)

In her work *Touch Sanitation*, taking almost a year, Ukeles met over 8500 employees of the New York Sanitation Department, shaking hands with each of them and saying, “Thank you for keeping New York City alive”. She documented her activities on a map, recording her conversations with the workers. Ukeles documented the workers' private stories in an attempt to change some of the negative words used about them.

## Honors and awards

Laderman Ukeles was given honorary doctorates from: School of the Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, RI, and Maine College of Art, Portland, ME.

She has been awarded several prestigious awards and fellowships including:

* Francis J. Greenburger Award, Art Omi, 2019, Charlotta Kotik, Presenter

* Public Art Dialogue Award, College Art Association, 2017

* The Shelley & Donald Rubin Foundation, 2015.

* Ann Chamberlain Distinguished Fellow, San Francisco Art Institute, 2010.

* Jewish Cultural Achievement Awards, National Foundation for Jewish Culture, 2003.

## Works

* *Manifesto For Maintenance Art 1969! Proposal for an Exhibition "CARE"* (1969) - a proposal for an exhibition to display maintenance work as contemporary art, which was published in *Artforum* in 1971. Ukeles then participated in Lucy Lippard's traveling exhibition of conceptual female artists *c. 7,500* (1973–74) and fourteen other exhibitions and interventions in museums followed, including in the Wadsworth Atheneum.
* *Maintenance Art Tasks* (1973) - a photograph collection of household activities performed by Laderman Ukeles and her husband, with 12 to 90 images per activity.
* *Maintenance Art Tasks* performances at the Wadsworth Atheneum, 1973 - During the course of 1973, Laderman performed *The Keeping of the Keys* (July 20, 1973), *Transfer: The Maintenance of the Art Object: Mummy Maintenance: With the Maintenance Man, The Maintenance Artist, and the Museum Conservator* (July 20, 1973), *Washing/Tracks/Maintenance: Inside* and *Washing/Tracks/Maintenance: Outside* (July 23, 1973) at the Wadsworth Atheneum
* *Hartford Wash: Washing/Tracks/Maintenance: Outside* (1973)
* *Hartford Wash: Washing/Tracks/Maintenance: Inside* (1973)
* *Touch Sanitation* (1978–80)
* *The Work Ballets,* seven ballets for large-machinery that took place intermittently between 1983 and 2013 in Rotterdam, New York City, Givors, Pittsburgh and Echigo-Tsumari. They are the subject of Ukeles' first monograph published by Sternberg Press in 2015 and edited by Kari Conte.
* *Turnaround Surround,* "Glassphalt" path in Danehy Park in North Cambridge, Massachusetts. Park is built on site of a dump and landfill closed in 1972. (1997-2002)

## Publications

Author * "A Journey: Earth/City/Flow." *Art Journal* (Summer 1992): 12-14.
* "Maintenance Art Activity (1973)." *Documents* 10 (Fall 1977):8.
* "Manifesto For Maintenance Art 1969! Proposal for an exhibition 'Care'."; Originally published in Jack Burnham. "Problems of Criticism." *Artforum* (January 1971) 41; reprinted in Lucy Lippard. *Six Years: The Dematerialization of the Art Object.* New York:New York University Press, 1979: 220-221.
* "Sanitation Manifesto! (1984)." *The Act* 2, no.1, (1990): 84-85.

Coauthor * Ukeles, Mierle Laderman and Alexandra Schwartz. "Mierle Laderman Ukeles in conversation with Alexandra Schwartz." in Butler, Cornelia et al.*From Conceptualism to Feminism: Lucy Lippard's Numbers Shows 1969-1974* London: Afterall, 2012.

## Further reading

* Buckberrough, Sherry, and Andrea Miller-Keller. *Mierle Laderman Ukeles: Matrix 137*. (exhibition catalogue) Hartford, CT: Wadsworth Atheneum, 1998.
* Jackson, Shannon. "High Maintenance: The Sanitation Aesthetics of Mierle Laderman Ukeles." In *Social Works: performing art, supporting publics,* 75-103. New York: Routledge, 2011.
* Knaup, Bettina and Stammer, Beatrice Ellen. "Labour of Love and Care". In *re.act feminism #2 - a performing archive* Live Art Development Agency 2013.
* Kwon, Miwon. "In Appreciation of Invisible Work: Mierle Laderman Ukeles and the Maintenance of the 'White Cube'." *Documents* 10, (Fall 1997):15-18.
* Molesworth, Helen. “Cleaning Up in the 1970s: The Work of Judy Chicago, May Kelly and Mierle Laderman Ukeles,” in *Rewriting Conceptual Art*. Ed. Michael Newman and Jon Bird. London: Reaktion, 1999. 107-122.
* Molesworth, Helen. "House Work and Art Work." *October* 92, (Spring 2000):71-97.
* Molesworth, Helen. "Work Stoppages: Mierle Laderman Ukeles' Theory of Labor Value." *Documents* 10 (Fall 1997): 19-22.
* Philips, Patricia C., "Maintenance Activity: Creating a Climate for Change." In *But is it Art?* Nina Felshin, Seattle Bay Press 1995: 165-193.
* Salazer, Erin. "Mierle Laderman Ukeles Interview." Coordinated by Erin Salazer, Bronx Museum *TCG* (Spring/Summer 2006):14-21.
* Stiles, Kristine and Selz, Peter (eds) "Maintenance Art Manifesto" and "Sanitation Manifesto!" In *Theories and Documents of Contemporary Art* University of California Press, 1996: 623-625.
* Stratford, Helen. "Collective Assemblages, Embodiment and Enunciations." In *Recoveries and Reclamations: Advances in Art and Urban Futures vol.2* Daniel Hinchcliffe and Judith Rugg (eds) Intellect 2003: 107-117.

## InfoBox

| Mierle Laderman Ukeles | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1939 (1939)<br>Denver, Colorado |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | Barnard College, Pratt Institute, New York University, University of Colorado |
| Notable work | * *Maintenance Art Manifesto 1969! Proposal for an Exhibition "CARE"* (1969) * *Maintenance Art Tasks* (1973) * *Hartford Wash: Washing/Tracks/Maintenance: Outside* (1973) * *Hartford Wash: Washing/Tracks/Maintenance: Inside* (1973) * *Touch Sanitation* (1978-80) |
| Movement | Feminist art movement Conceptual Art |
| Spouse | Jacob Ukeles |
| Awards | Francis J. Greenburger Award, Art Omi, 2019, Public Art Dialogue Award, Anonymous Was A Woman Award |


title: Prosopocera signatifrons

abstract: Prosopocera signatifrons is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Duvivier in 1891. It is known from Ghana, Togo, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

text:
# Prosopocera signatifrons

***Prosopocera signatifrons*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Duvivier in 1891. It is known from Ghana, Togo, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

## InfoBox

| *Prosopocera signatifrons* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Prosopocera signatifrons* from Togo | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Prosopocera* |
| Species: | ***P. signatifrons*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Prosopocera signatifrons***<br>Duvivier, 1891 | |
|


title: Presbylarynx

abstract: Presbylarynx is a condition in which age-related atrophy of the soft tissues of the larynx results in weak voice and restricted vocal range and stamina. In other words, it is the loss of vocal fold tone and elasticity due to aging which affects voice quality.

text:
# Presbylarynx

**Presbylarynx** is a condition in which age-related atrophy of the soft tissues of the larynx results in weak voice and restricted vocal range and stamina. In other words, it is the loss of vocal fold tone and elasticity due to aging which affects voice quality.

## Symptoms

The list of signs and symptoms mentioned in various sources for presbylarynx includes the 4 symptoms listed below:

1. Hoarseness
2. Breathy voice
3. Reduced voice volume
4. Unstable voice pitch

Note that presbylarynx symptoms usually refers to various symptoms known to a patient, but the phrase "presbylarynx signs" may refer to those signs only noticeable by a doctor.

## Treatment

The list of treatments mentioned in various sources for presbylarynx includes the following list. Always seek professional medical advice about any treatment or change in treatment plans.

* *Speech and Hearing Science: Anatomy and Physiology*, 3rd edition. Willard R. Zemlin. 1988. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. ISBN 0-13-827429-0

## InfoBox

| Presbylarynx | |
| --- | --- |
| Specialty | Otorhinolaryngology |


title: Zhao Lina

abstract: Zhao Lina is a retired Chinese footballer who played as a goalkeeper for the Chinese national team and for Shanghai Rural Commercial Bank in the Chinese Women's Super League.

text:
# Zhao Lina

**Zhao Lina** (simplified Chinese: 赵丽娜; traditional Chinese: 趙麗娜; pinyin: *Zhào Lìnà*; born September 18, 1991) is a retired Chinese footballer who played as a goalkeeper for the Chinese national team and for Shanghai Rural Commercial Bank (Shanghai RCB) in the Chinese Women's Super League.

## Club career

Zhao played club football for Shanghai Rural Commercial Bank from at least 2005, and was playing for the team at the time of her retirement in April 2023. As of 16 May 2018, she earned 10,000 yuan (US$1,500) per month as the team's highest-paid player.

## International career

In April 2015, Zhao Lina was called up to play for team China in the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. She also played for China in the 2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup, which China won, qualifying the team for the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup.

On 14 April 2023, Zhao announced her retirement on her Weibo account.

## Personal life

Zhao is a drummer and was inspired to play drums by the Japanese anime Nana. Her club team arranged a practice space where she played drums after training sessions. Her favorite footballer is Manchester United goalkeeper David de Gea.

## Honours

China

## InfoBox

Zhao Lina
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Zhao Lina | | |
| Date of birth | (1991-09-18) September 18, 1991 | | |
| Place of birth | Shanghai, China | | |
| Height | 1.82 m (6 ft 0 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2005–2023 | Shanghai RCB |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 2015–2023 | China | 38 | (2) |
| Medal record      Women's football  Representing  China  Asian Games  2018 Palembang Team | | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 5 June 2023<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 5 June 2016 | | | |


title: Pre-certification video

abstract: A pre-certification video is any videotape or laserdisc issued in the UK before the introduction of the 1984 Video Recordings Act. Pre-certification videos were not required by law to be submitted to the BBFC so the era was unregulated, leading to many uncut releases of videos which would have fallen foul of the BBFC's strict guidelines, and would therefore have been censored if submission to the board was a legal requirement. However, whilst many of the larger respectable companies simply issued their previously BBFC certificated cinema releases onto video to play safe as they feared there was bound to be a clampdown at some stage, some of the smaller independent companies decided to take advantage of the unregulated video rentals market by issuing "strong uncut" versions depicting graphic violence and gore. A whole barrage of titles previously banned by the BBFC from getting a cinema release suddenly ended up uncensored on home video. What began as a bill drafted by little known Luton South Conservative back bencher Graham Bright was made law after he and the tabloid press had successfully whipped the media into a frenzied hysteria over so-called "video nasties". "Ban the Sadist Videos!" was one of the more famous headlines they ran. When the bill was made law, it became a legal requirement that all videotapes must be submitted to the BBFC for classification and possible cuts. The pre-certification video era is best remembered, amongst horror fans in particular, for the ensuing "video nasty" debacle in which a selection of 72 videotapes were singled out and prosecuted by the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) under Section 2 or Section 3 of the Obscene Publications Act (OPA). Of these, 39 titles were deemed by the courts to be obscene and it is those titles which formed the final "Video Nasties" list. Video releases from this unregulated pre-certification era have become increasingly collectible items. Whilst most can be picked up cheaply on eBay and through second hand stores and car boot sales, many titles are highly sought after. In fact some of the very hard to find titles have been known to command prices in excess of £500. There remains to this day a very dedicated pre-cert collector's market.

text:
# Pre-certification video

A **pre-certification video** is any videotape or laserdisc issued in the UK before the introduction of the 1984 Video Recordings Act.

Pre-certification videos were not required by law to be submitted to the BBFC so the era was unregulated, leading to many uncut releases of videos which would have fallen foul of the BBFC's strict guidelines, and would therefore have been censored if submission to the board was a legal requirement. However, whilst many of the larger respectable companies simply issued their previously BBFC certificated cinema releases onto video to play safe as they feared there was bound to be a clampdown at some stage, some of the smaller independent companies decided to take advantage of the unregulated video rentals market by issuing "strong uncut" versions depicting graphic violence and gore. A whole barrage of titles previously banned by the BBFC from getting a cinema release suddenly ended up uncensored on home video.

What began as a bill drafted by little known Luton South Conservative back bencher Graham Bright was made law after he and the tabloid press (most notably The Daily Mail) had successfully whipped the media into a frenzied hysteria over so-called "video nasties". "Ban the Sadist Videos!" was one of the more famous headlines they ran. When the bill was made law, it became a legal requirement that all videotapes must be submitted to the BBFC for classification and possible cuts.

The pre-certification video era is best remembered, amongst horror fans in particular, for the ensuing "video nasty" debacle in which a selection of 72 videotapes were singled out and prosecuted by the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) under Section 2 or Section 3 of the Obscene Publications Act (OPA). Of these, 39 titles were deemed by the courts to be obscene and it is those titles which formed the final "Video Nasties" list.

Video releases from this unregulated pre-certification era have become increasingly collectible items. Whilst most can be picked up cheaply on eBay and through second hand stores and car boot sales, many titles are highly sought after. In fact some of the very hard to find titles have been known to command prices in excess of £500. There remains to this day a very dedicated pre-cert collector's market.

## Introduction of legislation

In 1984, the UK government introduced the Video Recordings Act, which effectively meant that all pre-recorded videocassettes had to be officially classified by an independent body called the BBFC (British Board of Film Classification) before they could legally be released in the United Kingdom. There were some exceptions to this, such as music, educational, documentary and religious programmes providing they contained no profanity, sexual or violent content. These could be released with an Exempt status. Everything else had to be classified - and the costs of getting a cassette classified were quite high!

Before the VRA (Video Recordings Act) came into force, videos were not subject to classification, certification or censorship by any official means (although some companies chose to implement their own, and of course the Obscene Publications Act (1959) meant hardcore pornography would have been swiftly and severely dealt with (at least if it was on ready display).

The Video Recordings Act left uncertified titles in limbo, and unless a distributor acquires them and releases them with a BBFC classification, all titles fall under sections 9 and 10, which state:-

Section 9 - Supplying video recording of unclassified work.

(1) A person who supplies or offers to supply a video recording containing a video work in respect of which no classification certificate has been issued is guilty of an offence unless —

(a) the supply is, or would be if it took place, an exempted supply,

or (b) the video work is an exempted work.

(2) It is a defence to a charge of committing an offence under this section to prove that the accused believed on reasonable grounds —

(a) that the video work concerned or, if the video recording contained more than one work to which the charge relates, each of those works was either an exempted work or a work in respect of which a classification certificate had been issued, or

(b) that the supply was, or would if it took place be, an exempted supply by virtue of section 3(4) or (5) of this Act.

(3) A person guilty of an offence under this section shall be liable —

(a) on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or a fine or both,

(b) on summary conviction, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or a fine not exceeding £20,000 or both.

Section 10 Possession of video recording of unclassified work for the purposes of supply.

(1) Where a video recording contains a video work in respect of which no classification certificate has been issued, a person who has the recording in his possession for the purpose of supplying it is guilty of an offence unless —

(a) he has it in his possession for the purpose only of a supply which, if it took place, would be an exempted supply, or

(b) the video work is an exempted work

These years, from about 1978 until the classifications finally took hold good and proper in late 1985, became known as the pre-certification years.

* *See No Evil* \- David Kerekes & David Slater (Book)
* Video Recordings Act 1984


title: Nicholas Lyzarde

abstract: Nicholas Lyzarde was an English sergeant-painter.

text:
# Nicholas Lyzarde

**Nicholas Lyzarde** (died April 1571) was an English sergeant-painter.

## Biography

Lyzarde served as painter to the court in the time of Henry VIII, and as second painter under Anthony Toto to Edward VI and Mary. By the latter he was appointed sergeant-painter, with a fee of £10. a year levied on the customs. In 1556 he presented the queen on New-year's day with "a table painted with a maundy." He was continued in his place by Elizabeth, and in 1558 presented her on New-year's day "a table painted of the history of Ashuerus," receiving a gilt cruise in return. Lyzarde died in April 1571, and was buried on 5 April in the church of St Martin-in-the-Fields, London. In his will, dated 14 February 1570–1, he mentions five sons and four daughters, and also his wife Margaret.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Cust, Lionel Henry (1893). "Lyzarde, Nicholas". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). *Dictionary of National Biography*. Vol. 34. London: Smith, Elder & Co.


title: Palghat Parameswara Bhagavathar

abstract: Palghat Parameswara Bhagavathar (1815-1892) was a Carnatic music composer and musician born in Nurani, Kerala, India. His musical talents developed to such an extent that Swati Tirunal had great admiration and confidence in him. Whenever the Maharaja composed songs, the Bhagavathar was made to copy them. He used to practice veena and swarabat along with the Maharaja during his leisure. He also was trained in violin by Vadivelu in the royal court. Swati Tirunal made him the Chief Palace Musician towards the end of his regime after the death of Vadivelu. His compositions are in Sanskrit, resembling those of Swati Tirunal and Dikshitar. He composed many Varnams and Keertanams. The Varnam beginning with Sarasijanabha is popular.

text:
# Palghat Parameswara Bhagavathar

**Palghat Parameswara Bhagavathar** (1815-1892) was a Carnatic music composer and musician born in Nurani, Kerala, India.

His musical talents developed to such an extent that Swati Tirunal had great admiration and confidence in him. Whenever the Maharaja composed songs, the Bhagavathar was made to copy them. He used to practice veena and swarabat along with the Maharaja during his leisure. He also was trained in violin by Vadivelu in the royal court. Swati Tirunal made him the Chief Palace Musician towards the end of his regime after the death of Vadivelu.

His compositions are in Sanskrit, resembling those of Swati Tirunal and Dikshitar. He composed many Varnams and Keertanams. The Varnam beginning with Sarasijanabha (Natta Raga) is popular.


title: Seyithanbey, Hamur

abstract: Seyithanbey is a village in the Hamur District of Ağrı Province, Turkey.

text:
# Seyithanbey, Hamur

**Seyithanbey** is a village in the Hamur District of Ağrı Province, Turkey.

## History

The village was formerly known as *Seyidhanbeğ* in records from the year 1928.

## Geography

The village is located 28 km from Ağrı city center and 16 km from the district center of Hamur.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1965 | 421 |  |
| 1985 | 648 | +2.18% |
| 1990 | 686 | +1.15% |
| 1997 | 729 | +0.87% |
| 2007 | 735 | +0.08% |
| 2012 | 677 | −1.63% |
| 2017 | 650 | −0.81% |
| 2023 | 549 | −2.78% |
| Source: Population censuses (1965-1997) and TÜİK (2007-2023) | | |

## InfoBox

| Seyithanbey | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| SeyithanbeyLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 39°33′07″N 43°06′32″E / 39.55194°N 43.10889°E / 39.55194; 43.10889 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Ağrı |
| District | Hamur |
| Elevation | 1,856 m (6,089 ft) |
| Population (2023) | 549 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
| Postal code | 04852 |
| Area code | 0472 |


title: George Moore (Canadian politician)

abstract: George Moore was a business owner and mayor in Ontario, Canada. He served as mayor of Waterloo in 1884 and in 1890. He was born in Preston. His father owned the Preston Hop yards; Moore moved to Waterloo around 1875 and entered the hop business there. He also owned the Berlin Robe and Clothing Company, the Waterloo Woollen Manufacturing Company, the Waterloo Brick Yards and the Waterloo Gas Company. Moore also operated a wholesale produce business in Montreal. Moore won first prize at the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago for his team of draught horses. He helped establish the Waterloo Board of Trade and served as a member for 18 years; he also served one year as president. He served on Waterloo council from 1876 to 1883 and again from 1887 to 1889. He ran unsuccessfully for the Waterloo North seat in the Ontario assembly as a Liberal in 1905. In 1911, Moore moved to Galt, where he later died.

text:
# George Moore (Canadian politician)

**George Moore** (July 26, 1845  1916) was a business owner and mayor in Ontario, Canada. He served as mayor of Waterloo in 1884 and in 1890.

He was born in Preston. His father owned the Preston Hop yards; Moore moved to Waterloo around 1875 and entered the hop business there. He also owned the Berlin Robe and Clothing Company, the Waterloo Woollen Manufacturing Company, the Waterloo Brick Yards and the Waterloo Gas Company. Moore also operated a wholesale produce business in Montreal. Moore won first prize at the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago for his team of draught horses.

He helped establish the Waterloo Board of Trade and served as a member for 18 years; he also served one year as president. He served on Waterloo council from 1876 to 1883 and again from 1887 to 1889. He ran unsuccessfully for the Waterloo North seat in the Ontario assembly as a Liberal in 1905.

In 1911, Moore moved to Galt, where he later died.


title: Mierki

abstract: Mierki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Olsztynek, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) east of Olsztynek and 26 km (16 mi) south-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

text:
# Mierki

**Mierki** \[ˈmjɛrki\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Olsztynek, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) east of Olsztynek and 26 km (16 mi) south-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

## InfoBox

| Mierki | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
|  | |
| Mierki | |
| Coordinates: 53°35′N 20°19′E / 53.583°N 20.317°E / 53.583; 20.317 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Warmian-Masurian |
| County | Olsztyn |
| Gmina | Olsztynek |
| Population | 350 |


title: Prosopocera regia

abstract: Prosopocera regia is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1936. It is known from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

text:
# Prosopocera regia

***Prosopocera regia*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1936. It is known from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

## InfoBox

| *Prosopocera regia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Prosopocera* |
| Species: | ***P. regia*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Prosopocera regia***<br>Breuning, 1936 | |
|


title: Poultry farming in Bangladesh

abstract: Poultry farming in Bangladesh is the process of keeping various types of birds for meat, egg, feather, or sale. In Bangladesh, poultry birds are primarily used for meat and egg consumption. The weather in Bangladesh is perfect for raising poultry, with several types of poultry birds having been domesticated for many years. As of 2017, about 300 billion taka was invested in the poultry industry, with an estimated 150,000 poultry farms in Bangladesh. From 2 to 4 March 2017, Poultry Science Association Bangladeshi branch held the tenth International Poultry Show and Seminar in Bashundhara Convention centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh. By 2019, significant further investments were noted in the sector. The farms produce 570 million tonnes of meat and 7.34 billion eggs annually. Poultry feed is primarily made from imported soybean and soy meal. The per capita consumption of meat and egg in Bangladesh remains below the level recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization. The impact of Avian Influenza in 2007 and the COVID-19 pandemic has been detrimental to the poultry and associated feed industry in Bangladesh. The outbreak in 2007 resulted in the closure of two-thirds of all farms in Bangladesh. In March 2023, poultry farmers urged the government to set chicken and egg prices for the local market, highlighting the industry's significance in the country's economy Notable figures in the poultry sector include Late Syed Hedayetullah and Phanindra Nath Saha, who developed the poultry sector with Aftab Bahumukhi Farms.

text:
# Poultry farming in Bangladesh

**Poultry farming in Bangladesh** is the process of keeping various types of birds for meat, egg, feather, or sale. In Bangladesh, poultry birds are primarily used for meat and egg consumption.

The weather in Bangladesh is perfect for raising poultry, with several types of poultry birds having been domesticated for many years. As of 2017, about 300 billion taka was invested in the poultry industry, with an estimated 150,000 poultry farms in Bangladesh. From 2 to 4 March 2017, Poultry Science Association Bangladeshi branch held the tenth International Poultry Show and Seminar in Bashundhara Convention centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh. By 2019, significant further investments were noted in the sector. The farms produce 570 million tonnes of meat and 7.34 billion eggs annually. Poultry feed is primarily made from imported soybean and soy meal. The per capita consumption of meat and egg in Bangladesh remains below the level recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization. The impact of Avian Influenza in 2007 and the COVID-19 pandemic has been detrimental to the poultry and associated feed industry in Bangladesh. The outbreak in 2007 resulted in the closure of two-thirds of all farms in Bangladesh. In March 2023, poultry farmers urged the government to set chicken and egg prices for the local market, highlighting the industry's significance in the country's economy Notable figures in the poultry sector include Late Syed Hedayetullah and Phanindra Nath Saha, who developed the poultry sector with Aftab Bahumukhi Farms.

## Present condition

The most widely used poultry for meat are Broilers Chicken and for egg are Layers Chicken.

## Domesticated birds

The most widely domesticated birds in Bangladesh are:

## Other species

Nowadays some birds are added to Bangladesh poultry and their popularity are growing day by day. They are:


abstract: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Lexington County, South Carolina. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Lexington County, South Carolina, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map. There are 64 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county. Another 2 properties were once listed but have been removed.           This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.

text:
# National Register of Historic Places listings in Lexington County, South Carolina

This is a list of the **National Register of Historic Places listings in Lexington County, South Carolina**.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Lexington County, South Carolina, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 64 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county. Another 2 properties were once listed but have been removed.

*This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.*

## Current listings

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Ballentine-Shealy House |  | November 22, 1983
(#83003858) | South Carolina Highway 1323
34°06′17″N 81°22′55″W / 34.104722°N 81.381944°W / 34.104722; -81.381944 (Ballentine-Shealy House) | Lexington | Late 18th- or early 19th- century log home, sheathed in weatherboard; with ancillary buildings. |
| 2 | Bank of Western Carolina |  | November 22, 1983
(#83003860) | 126 Main St.
33°58′53″N 81°14′12″W / 33.981389°N 81.236667°W / 33.981389; -81.236667 (Bank of Western Carolina) | Lexington |  |
| 3 | D. D. D. Barr House |  | November 22, 1983
(#83003866) | Off South Carolina Highway 245
33°56′12″N 81°31′38″W / 33.936667°N 81.527222°W / 33.936667; -81.527222 (D. D. D. Barr House) | Batesburg-Leesville |  |
| 4 | Batesburg Commercial Historic District |  | July 6, 1982
(#82003875) | Granite, Oak, Pine, and Church Sts., and Rutland and N. Railroad Aves.
33°54′25″N 81°32′54″W / 33.906944°N 81.548333°W / 33.906944; -81.548333 (Batesburg Commercial Historic District) | Batesburg-Leesville |  |
| 5 | W. Q. M. Berly House |  | November 22, 1983
(#83003870) | 122 Berly St.
33°59′14″N 81°14′30″W / 33.987222°N 81.241667°W / 33.987222; -81.241667 (W. Q. M. Berly House) | Lexington |  |
| 6 | William Berly House |  | November 23, 1977
(#77001230) | 121 Berly St.
33°59′14″N 81°14′29″W / 33.987222°N 81.241389°W / 33.987222; -81.241389 (William Berly House) | Lexington |  |
| 7 | Lemuel Boozer House |  | August 16, 1977
(#77001231) | 320 W. Main St.
33°59′06″N 81°14′32″W / 33.985°N 81.242222°W / 33.985; -81.242222 (Lemuel Boozer House) | Lexington |  |
| 8 | Simon Bouknight House |  | July 6, 1982
(#82003876) | Saluda Ave.
33°54′32″N 81°33′10″W / 33.908889°N 81.552778°W / 33.908889; -81.552778 (Simon Bouknight House) | Batesburg-Leesville |  |
| 9 | Cartledge House |  | July 6, 1982
(#82003879) | 305 Saluda Ave.
33°54′31″N 81°33′08″W / 33.908611°N 81.552222°W / 33.908611; -81.552222 (Cartledge House) | Batesburg-Leesville |  |
| 10 | William J. Cayce House |  | April 16, 1975
(#75001703) | 517 Holland Ave.
33°58′31″N 81°03′13″W / 33.975278°N 81.053611°W / 33.975278; -81.053611 (William J. Cayce House) | Cayce |  |
| 11 | Cedar Grove Lutheran Church |  | November 17, 2010
(#10000922) | 1220 Cedar Grove Rd.
33°59′13″N 81°27′35″W / 33.986944°N 81.459722°W / 33.986944; -81.459722 (Cedar Grove Lutheran Church) | Batesburg-Leesville |  |
| 12 | Chapin Commercial Historic District |  | October 7, 2019
(#100004495) | Bounded by Lexington Ave., Beaufort St., Chapin Rd., and the rear lots along Columbia Ave.
34°09′59″N 81°20′58″W / 34.1665°N 81.3494°W / 34.1665; -81.3494 (Chapin Commercial Historic District) | Chapin |  |
| 13 | Church Street Historic District |  | July 6, 1982
(#82003884) | Church St.
33°55′09″N 81°30′24″W / 33.919167°N 81.506667°W / 33.919167; -81.506667 (Church Street Historic District) | Batesburg-Leesville |  |
| 14 | Colonial-Hites Company |  | May 24, 2018
(#100002526) | 228 N Parson St.
33°59′18″N 81°04′39″W / 33.9884°N 81.0774°W / 33.9884; -81.0774 (Colonial-Hites Company) | West Columbia |  |
| 15 | "Congarees" Site |  | December 31, 1974
(#74002261) | Address Restricted
 | Cayce |  |
| 16 | C.E. Corley House |  | November 22, 1983
(#83003872) | 808 S. Lake Dr.
33°58′00″N 81°14′02″W / 33.966667°N 81.233889°W / 33.966667; -81.233889 (C.E. Corley House) | Lexington |  |
| 17 | Jacob Wingard Dreher House |  | November 22, 1983
(#83003875) | Off South Carolina Highway 6
34°04′13″N 81°14′27″W / 34.070278°N 81.240833°W / 34.070278; -81.240833 (Jacob Wingard Dreher House) | Irmo |  |
| 18 | Broadus Edwards House |  | July 6, 1982
(#82003877) | 12 Peachtree St.
33°54′12″N 81°33′03″W / 33.903333°N 81.550833°W / 33.903333; -81.550833 (Broadus Edwards House) | Batesburg-Leesville |  |
| 19 | Fox House |  | July 1, 1970
(#70000893) | 232 Fox St.
33°59′14″N 81°14′23″W / 33.987222°N 81.239722°W / 33.987222; -81.239722 (Fox House) | Lexington |  |
| 20 | Gervais Street Bridge |  | November 25, 1980
(#80003676) | Spans the Congaree River
33°59′47″N 81°02′55″W / 33.996389°N 81.048611°W / 33.996389; -81.048611 (Gervais Street Bridge) | West Columbia | Extends into Columbia in Richland County |
| 21 | David Jefferson Griffith House |  | November 22, 1983
(#83003879) | Address Restricted
 | Gilbert |  |
| 22 | Guignard Brick Works |  | February 13, 1995
(#95000019) | 100 Granby Crossing at Knox Abbot Dr.
33°59′16″N 81°03′02″W / 33.987778°N 81.050556°W / 33.987778; -81.050556 (Guignard Brick Works) | Cayce |  |
| 23 | Gunter-Summers House |  | November 10, 1987
(#87001988) | 841 Center St.
33°59′24″N 81°04′00″W / 33.99°N 81.066667°W / 33.99; -81.066667 (Gunter-Summers House) | Lexington |  |
| 24 | Hampton Hendrix Office |  | July 6, 1982
(#82003885) | Leesville Ave.
33°55′05″N 81°30′50″W / 33.918056°N 81.513889°W / 33.918056; -81.513889 (Hampton Hendrix Office) | Batesburg-Leesville |  |
| 25 | James Harman Building |  | November 22, 1983
(#83003903) | Gantt St.
33°58′55″N 81°14′09″W / 33.981944°N 81.235833°W / 33.981944; -81.235833 (James Harman Building) | Lexington |  |
| 26 | Hartley House |  | July 9, 1982
(#82003878) | 305 E. Columbia Ave.
33°54′23″N 81°32′27″W / 33.906389°N 81.540833°W / 33.906389; -81.540833 (Hartley House) | Batesburg-Leesville |  |
| 27 | Ernest L. Hazelius House |  | May 11, 1973
(#73001717) | Fox St.
33°59′14″N 81°14′26″W / 33.987222°N 81.240556°W / 33.987222; -81.240556 (Ernest L. Hazelius House) | Lexington |  |
| 28 | Henry Franklin Hendrix House |  | July 6, 1982
(#82003886) | Hendrix Heights Plantation
33°54′56″N 81°31′33″W / 33.915556°N 81.525833°W / 33.915556; -81.525833 (Henry Franklin Hendrix House) | Batesburg-Leesville |  |
| 29 | John Solomon Hendrix House |  | November 22, 1983
(#83003904) | Old Cherokee Rd.
34°00′14″N 81°17′09″W / 34.003889°N 81.285833°W / 34.003889; -81.285833 (John Solomon Hendrix House) | Lexington |  |
| 30 | Thomas Galbraith Herbert House |  | July 6, 1982
(#82003887) | 506 Trotter St.
33°55′32″N 81°31′05″W / 33.925556°N 81.518056°W / 33.925556; -81.518056 (Thomas Galbraith Herbert House) | Batesburg-Leesville |  |
| 31 | John Jacob Hite Farm |  | November 22, 1983
(#83003908) | Address Restricted
 | Lexington |  |
| 32 | J.B. Holman House |  | July 6, 1982
(#82003888) | N. Peachtree St.
33°54′18″N 81°33′07″W / 33.905°N 81.551944°W / 33.905; -81.551944 (J.B. Holman House) | Batesburg-Leesville |  |
| 33 | Home National Bank |  | November 22, 1983
(#83003909) | Main St. and North Lake Dr.
33°58′52″N 81°14′09″W / 33.981111°N 81.235833°W / 33.981111; -81.235833 (Home National Bank) | Lexington |  |
| 34 | A.C. Jones House |  | July 6, 1982
(#82003880) | 104 Fair Ave.
33°54′22″N 81°32′33″W / 33.906111°N 81.5425°W / 33.906111; -81.5425 (A.C. Jones House) | Batesburg-Leesville |  |
| 35 | Lakeview School |  | January 31, 2023
(#100008590) | 1218 Batchelor St.
33°59′32″N 81°04′35″W / 33.9921°N 81.0765°W / 33.9921; -81.0765 (Lakeview School) | West Columbia |  |
| 36 | Leesville College Historic District |  | July 6, 1982
(#82003889) | Railroad Ave. and College, Peachtree, King, and Lee Sts.
33°55′14″N 81°30′55″W / 33.920556°N 81.515278°W / 33.920556; -81.515278 (Leesville College Historic District) | Batesburg-Leesville |  |
| 37 | Lexington County Courthouse |  | April 21, 2014
(#14000164) | 139 E. Main St.
33°58′53″N 81°14′11″W / 33.9814614°N 81.2363456°W / 33.9814614; -81.2363456 (Lexington County Courthouse) | Lexington |  |
| 38 | Henry Lybrand Farm |  | November 22, 1983
(#83003911) | Address Restricted
 | Lexington |  |
| 39 | Manning Archeological Site |  | December 14, 1978
(#78002522) | Address Restricted
 | Cayce |  |
| 40 | Maj. Henry A. Meetze House |  | July 13, 1979
(#79002387) | South of Lexington at 723 S. Lake Dr.
33°58′06″N 81°14′04″W / 33.968333°N 81.234444°W / 33.968333; -81.234444 (Maj. Henry A. Meetze House) | Lexington |  |
| 41 | Crowell Mitchell House |  | July 6, 1982
(#82003890) | Church St.
33°55′02″N 81°30′40″W / 33.917222°N 81.511111°W / 33.917222; -81.511111 (Crowell Mitchell House) | Batesburg-Leesville |  |
| 42 | McKendree Mitchell House |  | July 6, 1982
(#82003881) | 310 Saluda Ave.
33°54′35″N 81°33′09″W / 33.909722°N 81.5525°W / 33.909722; -81.5525 (McKendree Mitchell House) | Batesburg-Leesville |  |
| 43 | Mitchell-Shealy House |  | July 6, 1982
(#82003891) | 419 W. Church St.
33°54′39″N 81°31′37″W / 33.910833°N 81.526944°W / 33.910833; -81.526944 (Mitchell-Shealy House) | Batesburg-Leesville |  |
| 44 | Mount Hebron Temperance Hall |  | November 24, 1980
(#80003677) | 3041 Leaphart Rd.
33°59′58″N 81°07′29″W / 33.999444°N 81.124722°W / 33.999444; -81.124722 (Mount Hebron Temperance Hall) | West Columbia |  |
| 45 | Music Hall Evangelical Lutheran Church |  | November 22, 1983
(#83003913) | Address Restricted
 | Gilbert |  |
| 46 | New Brookland Historic District |  | October 10, 1978
(#78002524) | Roughly bounded by Alexander Rd. and Augusta, State, Spring, and Meeting Sts.
33°59′34″N 81°03′17″W / 33.992778°N 81.054722°W / 33.992778; -81.054722 (New Brookland Historic District) | West Columbia |  |
| 47 | Old Batesburg Grade School |  | May 27, 1983
(#83002201) | 306 E. Columbia Ave
33°54′23″N 81°32′23″W / 33.906389°N 81.539722°W / 33.906389; -81.539722 (Old Batesburg Grade School) | Batesburg-Leesville |  |
| 48 | Old Batesburg-Leesville High School |  | July 6, 1982
(#82003893) | Columbia Ave at Shealy Rd
33°54′39″N 81°32′24″W / 33.910833°N 81.54°W / 33.910833; -81.54 (Old Batesburg-Leesville High School) | Batesburg-Leesville |  |
| 49 | Peter M. and Alice Oliver House |  | January 6, 2023
(#100008531) | 295 West 1st St.
33°44′20″N 81°06′08″W / 33.73885°N 81.1022°W / 33.73885; -81.1022 (Peter M. and Alice Oliver House) | Swansea |  |
| 50 | Charlton Rauch House |  | November 22, 1983
(#83003914) | Main and Cedar Sts.
33°59′03″N 81°14′26″W / 33.984167°N 81.240556°W / 33.984167; -81.240556 (Charlton Rauch House) | Lexington |  |
| 51 | David Rawl House |  | November 22, 1983
(#83003915) | 201 W. Main St.
33°58′59″N 81°14′21″W / 33.983056°N 81.239167°W / 33.983056; -81.239167 (David Rawl House) | Lexington |  |
| 52 | John Jacob Rawl House |  | July 6, 1982
(#82003882) | Line St.
33°54′33″N 81°32′53″W / 33.909167°N 81.548056°W / 33.909167; -81.548056 (John Jacob Rawl House) | Batesburg-Leesville |  |
| 53 | Rawl-Couch House |  | July 6, 1982
(#82003883) | 22 Short St.
33°54′29″N 81°33′14″W / 33.908056°N 81.553889°W / 33.908056; -81.553889 (Rawl-Couch House) | Batesburg-Leesville |  |
| 54 | Robinson-Hiller House |  | May 18, 1998
(#98000420) | 113 Virginia St.
34°09′57″N 81°21′20″W / 34.165833°N 81.355556°W / 34.165833; -81.355556 (Robinson-Hiller House) | Chapin |  |
| 55 | St. Michael's Evangelical Lutheran Church |  | July 24, 2023
(#83004664) | North of State Road 38
34°04′23″N 81°14′28″W / 34.0731°N 81.2410°W / 34.0731; -81.2410 (St. Michael's Evangelical Lutheran Church) | Irmo vicinity |  |
| 56 | Saluda Factory Historic District |  | May 25, 1973
(#73001718) | Along the Saluda River southeast of the junction of Interstates 26 and 126
34°01′05″N 81°05′13″W / 34.018056°N 81.086944°W / 34.018056; -81.086944 (Saluda Factory Historic District) | West Columbia |  |
| 57 | SAM Site |  | December 6, 1978
(#78002523) | Address Restricted
 | Cayce | A South Appalachian Mississippian site |
| 58 | Simmons-Harth House |  | November 22, 1983
(#83003916) | 102 Gantt St.
33°58′54″N 81°14′09″W / 33.981667°N 81.235833°W / 33.981667; -81.235833 (Simmons-Harth House) | Lexington |  |
| 59 | Southern Railway Depot |  | May 27, 1983
(#83002202) | Southeast corner of Perry and Wilson Sts.
33°54′22″N 81°32′33″W / 33.906111°N 81.5425°W / 33.906111; -81.5425 (Southern Railway Depot) | Batesburg-Leesville |  |
| 60 | James Stewart House |  | November 22, 1983
(#83003917) | Address Restricted
 | Lexington |  |
| 61 | Still Hopes |  | November 22, 1983
(#83003921) | Off 7th St.
33°59′08″N 81°03′44″W / 33.985556°N 81.062222°W / 33.985556; -81.062222 (Still Hopes) | Cayce | Also known as the **G. A. Guignard House** |
| 62 | Taylor Site |  | November 21, 1974
(#74001864) | Address Restricted
 | Cayce |  |
| 63 | Vastine Wessinger House |  | November 22, 1983
(#83003923) | Address Restricted
 | Lexington |  |
| 64 | Rev. Frank Yarborough House |  | July 6, 1982
(#82003892) | 810 Bernard St.
33°55′30″N 81°30′57″W / 33.925°N 81.515833°W / 33.925; -81.515833 (Rev. Frank Yarborough House) | Batesburg-Leesville |  |

## Former listings

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Date removed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | George's Grist and Flour Mill |  | November 22, 1983
(#83003877) | March 15, 2005 | Gibson’s Pond Rd.
 | Lexington | Destroyed by fire on April 6, 1992. |
| 2 | Timmerman Law Office |  | November 22, 1983
(#83003922) | December 8, 2005 | 207 E. Main St.(Original location. Now located at:)
33°58′54″N 81°14′04″W / 33.981779°N 81.234495°W / 33.981779; -81.234495 (Timmerman Law Office) | Lexington | Moved |


title: Vincenzo Massilla

abstract: Vincenzo Massilla was a jurist and Italian politician. His parents were Guglielmo, a doctor, and Berardina de Simeone di Venosa, he moved to Naples when he was 12 years old. He studied letters and then later, law. In 1519 he moved to Salerno, following the lessons of jurisconsults such as Giovanni Nicola de Vicariis, Roberto Maranta and Severo de Petrutiis. He returned to Naples and obtained his degree. He started a forensic practice, but due to the foot and mouth disease epidemic of that period, he settled in Trani, working as a royal judge. Afterwards, he went to Bari and married Terenzia Filippucci, daughter of a notary. In the Apulian capital, he became a well-known jurist and formed a strong relationship with queen Bona Sforza, becoming a trusted advisor. In 1530 he was the governor of Conversano, and in 1538 he had the same position as Rossano. Having been widowed in 1534, he remarried five years later with the nineteen year old Antonia Ventura. Between 1545 and 1549, Massilla moved to Cracovia as auditor general of the feudal state possessed by Bona Sforza in Southern Italy. In 1550, he stayed for three months in Padua, to edit the publication of his commentaries. He died in Bari in 1580. During his life, he wrote many different works, the majority of which have been lost. Only two have been published: "Commentarii super consuetudinibus praeclarae civitatis Bari" started in Cracovia and finished in Padua, and "Cronaca sulle famiglie nobili di Bari", published in 1881 by the Neapolitan scholar Francesco Bonazzi.

text:
# Vincenzo Massilla

**Vincenzo Massilla** (October 22, 1499, in Atella – February 1, 1580, in Bari) was a jurist and Italian politician.

His parents were Guglielmo, a doctor, and Berardina de Simeone di Venosa, he moved to Naples when he was 12 years old. He studied letters and then later, law. In 1519 he moved to Salerno, following the lessons of jurisconsults such as Giovanni Nicola de Vicariis, Roberto Maranta and Severo de Petrutiis. He returned to Naples and obtained his degree. He started a forensic practice, but due to the foot and mouth disease epidemic of that period, he settled in Trani, working as a royal judge.

Afterwards, he went to Bari and married Terenzia Filippucci, daughter of a notary. In the Apulian capital, he became a well-known jurist and formed a strong relationship with queen Bona Sforza, becoming a trusted advisor. In 1530 he was the governor of Conversano, and in 1538 he had the same position as Rossano. Having been widowed in 1534, he remarried five years later with the nineteen year old Antonia Ventura. Between 1545 and 1549, Massilla moved to Cracovia as auditor general of the feudal state possessed by Bona Sforza in Southern Italy.

In 1550, he stayed for three months in Padua, to edit the publication of his commentaries. He died in Bari in 1580. During his life, he wrote many different works, the majority of which have been lost. Only two have been published: "Commentarii super consuetudinibus praeclarae civitatis Bari" started in Cracovia and finished in Padua, and "Cronaca sulle famiglie nobili di Bari" (Cronicles of the noble families of Bari), published in 1881 by the Neapolitan scholar Francesco Bonazzi.


title: Nicola Guerra

abstract: Nicola Guerra was an Italian dancer, choreographer and ballet master. Trained in dance by a student of Carlo Blasis, he was primo ballerino in many Italian and foreign theaters and performed in New York in The Black Crook. A dancer and ballet master at the Vienna State Opera (1896–1901), he directed the ballet of the Budapest Opera (1902-1915), then the Paris Opera Ballet (1927–1929) and finally the school dance of the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma (1931–1932).

text:
# Nicola Guerra

**Nicola Guerra** (2 May 1865, Naples – 5 February 1942, Cernobbio aged 76) was an Italian dancer, choreographer and ballet master.

Trained in dance by a student of Carlo Blasis, he was *primo ballerino* in many Italian and foreign theaters and performed in New York in *The Black Crook*.

A dancer and ballet master at the Vienna State Opera (1896–1901), he directed the ballet of the Budapest Opera (1902-1915), then the Paris Opera Ballet (1927–1929) and finally the school dance of the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma (1931–1932).


title: Palace of the Dukes of Cadaval

abstract: The Palace of the Dukes of Cadaval is located in Évora historic centre, in Portugal, next-door to the Lóios Convent and Church and facing the Roman Temple of Évora. It belongs to the Duke of Cadaval family, and today it has a harmonious architectural elements combination: Moorish (Mudéjar), Gothic and Manueline period. The palace with its 17th-century façade is constituted in part by an old castle burnt in 1384. Today it is dominated by a tower called Tower of the Five Shields. This palace was used by the governor of the city of Évora and served, from time to time, as royal residence. The first-floor rooms house a collection of manuscripts, family portraits and religious art from the 16th century, which can be visited by the public.

text:
# Palace of the Dukes of Cadaval

The **Palace of the Dukes of Cadaval** is located in Évora historic centre, in Portugal, next-door to the Lóios Convent and Church (today a remarkable *Pousada*) and facing the Roman Temple of Évora.

It belongs to the Duke of Cadaval family, and today it has a harmonious architectural elements combination: Moorish (Mudéjar), Gothic and Manueline period. The palace with its 17th-century façade is constituted in part by an old castle burnt in 1384. Today it is dominated by a tower called *Tower of the Five Shields*.

This palace was used by the governor of the city of Évora and served, from time to time, as royal residence. The first-floor rooms house a collection of manuscripts, family portraits and religious art from the 16th century, which can be visited by the public.

38°34′24″N 7°54′26″W / 38.5733°N 7.90733°W / 38.5733; -7.90733


title: Servant of the People (2023 TV series)

abstract: Servant of the People is a Polish-language political satire comedy-drama television series created by Okil Khamidov, and directed by Khamidov and Maciej Bieliński. The series follows Ignacy Konieczny, portrayed by Marcin Hycnar, who becomes the president of Poland. It was based on a 2015 Ukraine-made 2015 television series titled Servant of the People, created by Volodymyr Zelenskyy. The series premiered on Polsat television station and Polsat Box Go streaming service on 4 March 2023, and as of July 2023 has one season of 24 episodes, and a second season in production.

text:
# Servant of the People (2023 TV series)

***Servant of the People*** (Polish: *Sługa narodu*) is a Polish-language political satire comedy-drama television series created by Okil Khamidov, and directed by Khamidov and Maciej Bieliński. The series follows Ignacy Konieczny, portrayed by Marcin Hycnar, who becomes the president of Poland. It was based on a 2015 Ukraine-made 2015 television series titled *Servant of the People*, created by Volodymyr Zelenskyy. The series premiered on Polsat television station and Polsat Box Go streaming service on 4 March 2023, and as of July 2023 has one season of 24 episodes, and a second season in production.

## Plot

Ignacy Konieczny (Marcin Hycnar), a 36-year-old teacher, while talking with his colleague, makes a passionate speech about the current political situation in Poland. The speech gets recorded by a bystander, and uploaded to the Internet, where it becomes viral. Konieczny becomes famous across the country and is seen as a hero of the people. Soon, he is elected the president of Poland. After being elected, he refused the presidential privileges, determined to lead a simplistic life, which leads to comical situations.

## Cast

## Production

The television series was based on *Servant of the People*, a Ukraine-made 2015 television series, with a similar premise of a high school teacher becoming the president of Ukraine, created and produced by Volodymyr Zelenskyy. The rights to make a Poland-focused remake were bought by Okil Khamidov, however no studio in Poland was originally interested in picking it up. Zelenskyy became the president of Ukraine in 2019. In 2022, in the wake of the Russian invasion of Ukraine and Zelenskyy's wartime leadership, the show's popularity received a notable boost internationally. Considering that, the Polish remake was picked up by Polsat.

The Polish-language remake was created by Okil Khamidov, and directed by Khamidov and Maciej Bieliński. The series was ordered by Polsat, and made by Polot Media, between 2022 and 2023. The executive producer was Krzysztof Landsberg, the producers were Beata Barcz, Tamara Aagten-Margol, and Okil Khamidov, the editor was Michał Żytkowski, and the cinematographer was Tomasz Dobrowolski. The main cast included: Marcin Hycnar, Krzysztof Dracz, Danuta Stenka, Dorota Kolak, Sławomir Orzechowski, Magdalena Popławska, and Hanna Konarowska.

The series premiered on 4 March 2023 on Polsat television station. The series was also simultaneously published on Polsat Box Go streaming service. Its first season has 24 episodes, each lasting 24 minutes. It was watched by 587 000 viewers. The first episode of the series was sent by Okil Khamidov to Volodymyr Zelenskyy, who reportedly liked it, and was glad that the series was finally made, after years of attempts.

Polsat had ordered the second season, with its production beginning on 14 June 2023. It will have 30 episodes, directed by Okil Khamidov and Mariusz Palej. The main cast will be joined by Tomasz Ciachorowski and Andrzej Grabowski.

## InfoBox

| *Servant of the People* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre |  |
| Based on | *Servant of the People* by Volodymyr Zelenskyy |
| Developed by | Okil Khamidov |
| Directed by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Country of origin | Poland |
| Original language | Polish |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 24 |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Krzysztof Landsberg |
| Producers | * Tamara Aagten-Margol * Beata Barcz * Okil Khamidov |
| Cinematography | Tomasz Dobrowolski |
| Editor | Michał Żytkowski |
| Running time | 24 minutes |
| Production company | Polot Media |
| Original release | |
| Network | Polsat |
| Release | 4 March 2023 (2023-03-04) <br>present |


title: George Moore (Missouri judge)

abstract: George H. Moore was a Missouri attorney and United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri.

text:
# George Moore (Missouri judge)

**George H. Moore** (January 20, 1878 – November 5, 1962) was a Missouri attorney and United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri.

## Education and career

Born in La Grange, Missouri, Moore received a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Missouri School of Law in 1901 and a Master of Laws from the same institution the following year. He was in private practice in St. Louis, Missouri, from 1902 to 1935, also working as a United States Collector of Internal Revenue from 1914 to 1922.

## Federal judicial service

Moore was nominated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on May 20, 1935, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri vacated by Judge Charles Breckenridge Faris. Moore was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 28, 1935, and received his commission the following day. He served as Chief Judge from 1948 to 1959, and assumed senior status on January 19, 1962. He continued to serve as a senior judge until his death on November 5, 1962.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| George Moore | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri | |
| **In office**
January 19, 1962  November 5, 1962 | |
| Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri | |
| **In office**
1948–1959 | |
| Preceded by | *Office established* |
| Succeeded by | Roy Winfield Harper |
| Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri | |
| **In office**
May 29, 1935  January 19, 1962 | |
| Appointed by | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| Preceded by | Charles Breckenridge Faris |
| Succeeded by | James Hargrove Meredith |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | George H. Moore
(1878-01-20)January 20, 1878
La Grange, Missouri |
| Died | November 5, 1962(1962-11-05) (aged 84) |
| Education | University of Missouri School of Law (LL.B., LL.M.) |
|  | |


title: Mie Nanamori

abstract: Mie Nanamori is a Japanese former actress and tarento. She was represented with Sadeeca.

text:
# Mie Nanamori

**Mie Nanamori** (七森 美江, *Nanamori Mie*, born 16 October 1972) is a Japanese former actress and *tarento*. She was represented with Sadeeca.

## Biography

Nanamori was born in 1972 in Tokyo.

She made her debut after she became a race queen for the *'97 Suntory Nama Beer Campaign Girl* and *Kamome Service*. Nanamori appeared in *Shutsudō! Minisuka Police* as the second and third generation Minisuka Police in January 1997, and later on October she became a "Won Girl" in the Tokyo Broadcasting System series *Wonderful*. She appeared in the series until March of the following year.

Nanamori worked as an actress in television dramas and advertisements and played Rose Monster Ru-Baruba-De in *Kamen Rider Kuuga* in 2000 and Lisa Teagle (Deka Bright) in *Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger* in 2004, whom she played as a cool woman. She was belonged to the talent agency Sadeeca until 2003 and she is later retired from her career. Nanamori is now married and has a child.

## Filmography

### TV series

| Year | Title | Role | Network | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1997 | *Shutsudō! Minisuka Police* |  | TV Tokyo |  |
| | *Wonderful* |  | TBS |  |
| 1998 | *Doyō Special: Aji to Zekkei! Mizube no Yado* |  | TV Tokyo |  |
| | *Doyō Special: Nippon Rettō Jūdan! Oshōgatsu Ikitai Onsen Yado* |  | TV Tokyo |  |
| | *Shin Nihonjin no Shitsumon* |  | NHK TV |  |
| | *Puchi Madam no Puchi Vacance* |  | TV Asahi |  |
| | *Nacchan no Ie* |  | TV Asahi | Episode 10 |
| 1999 | *Omizu no Hanamichi* |  | Fuji TV | Episodes 9 and 10 |
| | *Suzuran* |  | NHK TV |  |
| | *Cheap Love* |  | TBS | Episode 5 |
| 2000 | *Kamen Rider Kuuga* | Rose-Tattooed Woman / Rose Monster Ra-Baruba-De | TV Asahi |  |
| 2001 | *Shisen Man-po no Otoko* |  | NHK TV |  |
| | *Misa Yamamura Suspense: Kyoto Kaiki Densetsu Satsujin Jiken* |  | Fuji TV |  |
| | *Bengoshi Koresuke Asahidake* |  | NTV |  |
| 2002 | *Egao ga Ichiban* |  | TBS |  |
| | *serchin'for my polestar* | Ayumi Kosaka | KTV | Episodes 9, 11, and Final Episode |
| | *Torisetsu* |  | TV Asahi |  |
| 2003 | *Torisetsu NTT Communications* |  |  | Infomercial |
| 2004 | *Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger* | Lisa Teagle / Deka Bright | TV Asahi | Episode 40 |
| | *Aibō* | Shizuka Sakuragi | TV Asahi | Season 3 Episode 18 |
| | *Mystery Minzoku Gakusha: Itsuki Yakumo* |  | TV Asahi | Episodes 3 and 4 |
| 2006 | *Sōsa Kenji Shigemichi Chikamatsu* |  | TV Tokyo |  |
| 2008 | *Tama Minami-sho Tatakiage Keiji Heikitsu Chikamatsu* |  | TV Tokyo |  |

### Films, direct-to-video films

| Year | Title | Role |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1997 | *Sharan Q no enka no hanamichi* |  |
| | *Eiji* |  |
| 2001 | *Shura no Michi* | Mitsue Fueda |

### Advertisements

| Year | Title | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1997 | Suntory Nama Beer | Campaign girl |
| | Suntory Beer "Bitters" |  |
| 1998 | Suntory "Cocktail Bar" |  |
| 1999 | JA Bank |  |
| | Suntory "Super Chu-hi" | Infomercial |
| | Nissin Foods "Raō" |  |
| | Kao Corporation Bab "Sō Haitte Mo" |  |
| 2000 | Myojo Foods 50-shūnenkinen Campaign "Pearl Necklace Present" |  |
| | Sankyō "Regain Bus" |  |
| | Calpis Ajinomoto Danone "Danone Fruits Selection Ichiba" |  |
| 2001 | Calpis Ajinomoto Danone |  |
| | Kao "Range Quick Le" |  |
| | Toshiba "Kigyō" |  |
| | Kokusai Shōken "Kigyō" |  |
| 2003 | Panasonic Air Con "Kirei" |  |
| | McDonald's "Monochrome Hamburger" |  |
| 2006 | Bristol Myers Lyon "Bufferin Plus Osōji" and "Bufferin Sentakki" |  |
| | Tokyo Star Bank "Star One Jūtaku Loan" |  |
| | Fuji Heavy Industries Subaru Legacy Outback "Futari no Ashiato" |  |
| 2007 | Mitsui no Reform "Yume ni Awa Sete" |  |

### Video games

| Year | Title | Role |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1998 | *Efikasu Kono Omoi o Kimi ni* | Megumi Fukami |
| 2000 | *Kamen Rider Kuuga* | Rose-Tattooed Woman / Ru-Baruba-De |

### Advertising stills

| Year | Title |
| --- | --- |
| 1998 | Tokyo Kyoku Osame Ren: Kōza Furikae-kan Shō poster |
| 2000 | Calpis Ajinomoto Danone |
| 2002 | Kokusaishōken |

### Stage

| Year | Title |
| --- | --- |
| 2003 | *Burai* |

### Radio

| Year | Title | Network | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 | *Shigeki Takatera no Kaiju Radio* | Chofu FM |  |

### Broadband

| Title | Network |
| --- | --- |
| *Nama de Ikimashou!* | A! To Odoroku Hōsōkyoku Nama-sei Channel |

## Bibliography

### Photobooks

| Year | Title |
| --- | --- |
| 1997 | *Colors* |
| 1998 | *emotion* |

### Magazines

| Year | Title | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1999 | *Stella* | 4 Jun issue |

1. *Nihon Tarento Meikan 2016*. VIP Times. 27 Jan 2016. p. 661.
2. "【第21回・2015年９月18日（金）放送】ゲスト：七森美江さん" (in Japanese). Retrieved 15 Sep 2016.
3. "【第22回・2015年９月25日（金）放送】ゲスト：七森美江さん" (in Japanese). Retrieved 15 Sep 2016.

## InfoBox

| Mie Nanamori | |
| --- | --- |
| 七森 美江 | |
| Born | (1972-10-16) October 16, 1972<br>Tokyo, Japan |
| Occupation(s) | Actress, *tarento* |
| Agents | * Sadeeca * Cross Point |
| Height | 1.68 m (5 ft 6 in) (2003) |


title: Ghost Ship (novella)

abstract: Ghost Ship is an original novella written by Keith Topping and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It features the Fourth Doctor. It was released both as a standard edition hardback and a deluxe edition (ISBN 1-903889-09-X) featuring a frontispiece by Dariusz Jasiczak, and a paperback edition (ISBN 1-903889-33-2). Both editions have a foreword by Hugh Lamb.

text:
# Ghost Ship (novella)

***Ghost Ship*** is an original novella written by Keith Topping and based on the long-running British science fiction television series *Doctor Who*. It features the Fourth Doctor. It was released both as a standard edition hardback and a deluxe edition (ISBN 1-903889-09-X) featuring a frontispiece by Dariusz Jasiczak, and a paperback edition (ISBN 1-903889-33-2). Both editions have a foreword by Hugh Lamb.

## Plot

An ocean cruise just might be the thing to draw the Doctor out of his dark mood. Except dangerous forces are attracted to him onboard. Which is one thing, but they threaten the lives of the passengers as well.

## InfoBox

Ghost Ship
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Keith Topping |
| Series | *Doctor Who* book:
Telos Doctor Who novellas |
| Release number | 4 |
| Subject | Featuring:
Fourth Doctor |
| Publisher | Telos Publishing Ltd. |
| Publication date | August 2002 |
| Pages | 112 |
| ISBN | 1-903889-08-1 (standard) |
| Preceded by | *Nightdreamers* |
| Followed by | *Foreign Devils* |


abstract:
This is a list of Registered Historic Places in Westerly, Rhode Island.
  -
    -           This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.

text:
# National Register of Historic Places listings in Westerly, Rhode Island

This is a list of **Registered Historic Places in Westerly, Rhode Island**.

**Contents:** Counties in Rhode Island
| Bristol | Kent | Newport | Providence | Washington |
| --- |

*This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.*

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Babcock-Smith House |  | July 24, 1972
(#72000008) | 124 Granite St.
41°22′16″N 71°49′13″W / 41.371111°N 71.820278°W / 41.371111; -71.820278 (Babcock-Smith House) | Westerly |  |
| 2 | Bradford Village Historic District |  | May 30, 1996
(#96000573) | Roughly Bowling Ln. from the Pawcatuck River to Vars Ln. and Main St. from the Bradford Bridge to Church Ave.
41°24′08″N 71°45′06″W / 41.402222°N 71.751667°W / 41.402222; -71.751667 (Bradford Village Historic District) | Hopkinton and Westerly |  |
| 4 | Former Immaculate Conception Church |  | April 24, 1973
(#73000007) | 119 High St.
41°22′55″N 71°49′32″W / 41.381944°N 71.825556°W / 41.381944; -71.825556 (Former Immaculate Conception Church) | Westerly |  |
| 5 | Lewis-Card-Perry House |  | October 4, 2005
(#05001152) | 12 Margin St.
41°22′08″N 71°49′57″W / 41.368789°N 71.832467°W / 41.368789; -71.832467 (Lewis-Card-Perry House) | Westerly |  |
| 6 | Main Street Historic District |  | January 9, 1978
(#78000021) | 113-132 Main St., 8, 7-13 School St., 3-14 Maple St.
41°22′25″N 71°49′51″W / 41.373611°N 71.830833°W / 41.373611; -71.830833 (Main Street Historic District) | Westerly |  |
| 7 | North End Historic District |  | April 20, 2006
(#06000298) | Canal, Dayton, Friendship, High, Pearl, Pierce, Pleasant, Pond, West, Industrial Lila, Geranium, Marriott and Turano
41°23′16″N 71°49′38″W / 41.387778°N 71.827222°W / 41.387778; -71.827222 (North End Historic District) | Westerly |  |
| 8 | Nursery Site, RI-273 |  | November 1, 1984
(#84000386) | Address Restricted
 | Westerly |  |
| 9 | US Post Office |  | August 12, 1971
(#71000004) | High and Broad Sts.
41°22′39″N 71°49′50″W / 41.3775°N 71.830556°W / 41.3775; -71.830556 (US Post Office) | Westerly |  |
| 10 | Watch Hill Historic District |  | September 5, 1985
(#85001948) | Roughly bounded by Breen, Watch Hill, and E. Hill Rds., Block Island Sound, Little Narragansett Bay, and the Pawtucket River
41°18′49″N 71°51′23″W / 41.313611°N 71.856389°W / 41.313611; -71.856389 (Watch Hill Historic District) | Westerly | Well-preserved Victorian seaside resort area |
| 11 | Weekapaug Inn |  | January 25, 2007
(#06001305) | 25 Spray Rock Rd.
41°19′49″N 71°45′03″W / 41.330278°N 71.750833°W / 41.330278; -71.750833 (Weekapaug Inn) | Westerly |  |
| 12 | Westerly Armory |  | November 7, 1996
(#96001322) | Railroad Ave., west of downtown Westerly
41°22′55″N 71°49′40″W / 41.381944°N 71.827778°W / 41.381944; -71.827778 (Westerly Armory) | Westerly |  |
| 13 | Westerly Downtown Historic District |  | July 19, 1984
(#84002055) | Railroad Ave., High, Canal, Broad, Union, and Main Sts.
41°22′45″N 71°49′49″W / 41.379167°N 71.830278°W / 41.379167; -71.830278 (Westerly Downtown Historic District) | Westerly |  |
| 14 | Wilcox Park Historic District |  | May 7, 1973
(#73000011) | Roughly bounded by Broad, Granite, High Sts. and Grove Ave. and running along Elm St.
41°22′36″N 71°49′43″W / 41.376667°N 71.828611°W / 41.376667; -71.828611 (Wilcox Park Historic District) | Westerly |  |


title: Matilda Lambert

abstract: Matilda Gogo Lambert is a Nigerian actress, movie producer, model, and CEO of Tilda Goes Green Foundation. She made her movie debut in the film The Celebrities alongside Mike Ezuruonye. Her performance in the movie brought her to prominence and earned her leading roles in other Nollywood movies.

text:
# Matilda Lambert

**Matilda Gogo Lambert** is a Nigerian actress, movie producer, model, and CEO of Tilda Goes Green Foundation. She made her movie debut in the film The Celebrities alongside Mike Ezuruonye. Her performance in the movie brought her to prominence and earned her leading roles in other Nollywood movies.

## Early life and education

Matilda Gogo Lambert was born on 13 April and raised in Port Harcourt. She is from Andoni LGA, Rivers State. Lambert received early education at Police Children Primary School and had her secondary education at the Federal Government Girl's College, Abuloma in Port Harcourt. She studied at the University of Abuja for a bachelor's degree in Philosophy and later earned a master's degree in Socio-Political Philosophy from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka.

## Career

Lambert began her acting career in her second year in the university when she featured in the film The Celebrity alongside Mike Ezuruonye. Her performance in the movie brought her to the limelight and she began starring in other movies. In 2020, she produced a movie, *Unroyal* in which she starred in the leading role as Princess Boma. The movie premiered in March 2020 and was released on Netflix in August same year. At the 2020  Best of Nollywood (BON) Awards, The movie won award in two categories of “Best use of Costume in a Movie” and “Movie with the Best Sound”. Her other productions as of 2022 include Deepest Cut, Instaguru and Kendra. She is managed by Adenekan Mayowa.

## Filmography

* *Blood Vessel (2023) as Onyi's Mum*
* *Stay Dead (2022)*
* *Kendra (2021) as Kendra*
* *Star Girl (2021) as Lilian*
* *More Than a Moment (2020) as Steph*
* Ebere's Ordeal (2020) as Ozioma
* *Unroyal (2020) as Princess Boma*
* *The Engagement (2016) as Joy*
* *Ogbanta the Family Hunter (2015) as Amaka*
* *Beauty of the Mind (2014) as Presenter 1*
* *Jackie Goes to School (2014) as Princess*
* T*he Celebrities*
* *My Best Friend*
* *From House Girl to Madam*
* *My Virginity*
* *Amanda*

1. "Nude Pix Saga: How Couple Fleeced Nollywood Actress". *P.M.EXPRESS*. 16 March 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
2. "Matilda Lambert educates students on environment, gives scholarship". *Vanguard News*. 4 April 2022. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
3. "All set as Matilda Lambert premiers new movie, InstaGuru". *The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News*. 9 June 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
4. Isesele, Osaze (8 December 2020). "Matilda Lambert Shines Bright At Best Of Nollywood Awards 2020 - REPORT AFRIQUE International". Retrieved 12 January 2022.
5. "Dailytrust News, Sports and Business, Politics | Dailytrust". *Daily Trust*. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
6. "Matilda Lambert, Majid Michel go for broke in 'Deepest Cut'". *Vanguard News*. 1 April 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
7. "I stopped attending auditions after director demanded sex — Matilda Lambert". *Punch Newspapers*. 9 November 2019.
8. Akosubo, Tokoni (11 November 2019). "Actress Matilda Lambert Speaks on Sexual Advances by A Director". *eelive*. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
9. sandeep\_ops. "Unroyal on Netflix". *Binged*. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
10. "UNROYAL". *Genesis Cinemas*. 9 March 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
11. "Watch Unroyal | Netflix". *www.netflix.com*. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
12. "Actress Lambert Hires 'Mayorspeaks' As New Manager". *The Nation (Nigeria)*. 25 February 2022.

## InfoBox

| Matilda Lambert | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Matilda Gogo Lambert
13 April |
| Nationality | Nigerian |
| Alma mater | University of Abuja
University of Nigeria, Nsukka |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Notable work | Unroyal |