title: Girolamo Caruso

abstract: Girolamo Caruso, was an Italian agronomist, university teacher and scientist.

text:
# Girolamo Caruso

**Girolamo Caruso** (18 September 1842, Alcamo, province of Trapani – 2 January 1923, Pisa), was an Italian agronomist, university teacher and scientist.

## Biography

He was born in Alcamo and graduated in Agriculture at the University of Naples in 1861. After spending some years in the army, first as a volunteer and later as commissioner of Military engineering, in 1864 he was appointed as teacher of agriculture at the agrarian provincial school of Corleone (Palermo), and its director until 1867, when he moved to Messina to teach at the Technical Institute.

In 1862, aged only 20, Caruso started to deal with crop rotation, nearly unknown in that period and, the following year, with reforestation of slopes and the creation of drainage basins to collect the waters to be used as power to irrigate the fields.

In those years he devoted himself to some research on agriculture in Sicily (on the *gommosis of citrus trees*, on viticulture and vinification, on olive growing) and got a great success with his work *L'industria dei cereali in Sicilia e le popolazioni che la esercitano* (Palermo 1870); in this book, besides describing the agrarian techniques and machines, there were useful suggestions. Caruso recommended the system "a quinqueria" for the crop rotation (as in Sicilian manor farms), and indicated the agricultural tools available on the market.

In 1871, after winning a competitive examination for a professorship, he obtained the post as agronomy teacher (following Pietro Cuppari) and director of the Agrarian Institute at the University of Pisa, where he settled definitively; he had then different and important offices, above all by the Government.

Thanks to his skilful guide, the Scuola Superiore di Agraria of Pisa became one of the most important institutes in its field and a pole of reference for Italian agriculture: the pupils coming out from it, could apply, continue and extend, in Italy and abroad, the knowledges acquired and Caruso's works.

In 1872 he founded the Agrarian Comitium of Pisa which he presided over until 1919; Caruso used the work in the Comitium in close relationship with that of the university, promoting initiatives and debates in order to urge the competent authorities to improve the legislation for the agricultural field, or agrarian updating courses, exhibitions and meetings in order to stimulate the application of modern techniques.

In 1873 he presented an important introductory report about *I sistemi di amministrazione rurale e la questione sociale*; in 1875 he founded the magazine *L'agricoltura italiana*, which he ran until 1922 and had the purpose of divulging the innovation in the agricultural field and forming modern agronomists. The same year he took part in the fourth general congress of Italian farmers in Ferrara, where he presented the report: *Sull'ordinamento dell'istruzione agraria*.

Caruso's thought is particularly evident in the introduction to his famous manual *Agronomy*, published in 1898 and used for many years in Italian universities, in which he affirmed: *Italian agriculture is an art that you can practise empirically or according to the rules given by science; so there is an empirical agriculture and a rational one*.

In the book, he treated important subjects: irrigation, land development, soil management, and the study of tillage tools; inside it, there are also 263 printmakings depicting all the aspects of the agricultural environment and of cultivations. The schemes of the hydraulic-agrarian management, published in Caruso's book, are in all the university texts of Agronomy which have been edited until now; besides the nitrogen fertilization and irrigation are examined by linking theory to methods of calculation in a very modern way.

Superannuated from teaching in 1917, Girolamo Caruso died in Pisa on 2 January 1923.

On 12 November 1925, in the lecture room of Agronomy of *Istituto superiore agrario of Pisa*, they placed a marble bust of Girolamo Caruso, carved by Giuseppe Michelotti, similar to those of Cosimo Ridolfi and Pietro Cuppari, wanted by Caruso himself.

Alcamo, his native town, has remembered him by entitling him a street and the homonymous Technical Institute (now ITET).

## The problem of the *mezzadria* system in Italy

In 1873, in one of his introductory reports, Caruso put in evidence the social, economic, and productive implications of the *mezzadria* (called metayage in English): first of all it had to exist, from the economic point of view, for the relationship that created between the farmer family and the land, that made possible the increase and sorting of the rural population even in far and less accessible areas, in addition to the growth of the quantity of work.

According to him, however, the main reason for the convenience of this system was not the economic one, but the social one: connecting with the theory dear to Raffaello Lambruschini, Gino Capponi, and Bettino Ricasoli, he remarked the clear juxtaposition between the peaceful sharecroppers, "who loved order, property, family, laws", and the social dangerousness of day labourers.

## Research

When he started his university teaching, the modern mechanic tools for employment in the fields started to proliferate; besides getting interested in the study of all the main types existing at that time, Caruso also examined the economic results. His interest was also for the problems of a company structure and management, (with his *Ricerche sull'ordinamento dell'azienda rurale*, edited in Florence in 1894), and with the essay *Sulla convenienza e sull'attuabilità del disegno di riforma agraria* (in Atti della Accademia dei Georgofili, s. 4, Disp. 1, XXIII \[1900\], pp. 69–95).

He made memorable experiments on the mechanic threshing, on the new steam-powered oil mills, on the reaper-binder Aultmann, on the mowers Johnson e Aultmann, on the seed drill Cosimini, on the shelling machine Navacchi and machine press Blunt for conservation of forage into silos.

As regards tillage work he experienced the new types of plough Sack and Oliver, and the new systems of steam-powered ploughing, evaluating the working depth, the strength of mechanical traction and the methods of execution on level and slope.

Girolamo Caruso was one of the first people to experience the chemical fertilization, first of all on wheat, and to appraise its efficacy; the first part of these experiences was published in 1888. In 1890 he determined the method for the calculation of the quantity of manure to be supplied, by using that method (today called the method of weighing) and affirming the necessity of the anticipation of the fertilizing elements, which was a complete innovation at that time.

His constant activity of research is testified by his several notes presented at Accademia dei Georgofili and the essays published on *l'Agricoltura italiana* about viticulture and vinification (in 1878, 1892 and 1898); forages (1891); manures (1889, 1890, 1906, 1909); parasites of plants (1888–90, 1894–1897, 1902, 1915); olive growing; mechanised agriculture (1876, 1883, 1897). Besides, as he had known intuitively the importance of the type of manure used for soil, he studied and described, in detail, all the new fertilizers being produced, by putting them in comparison with those which were in use.

In 1878 Caruso, being sure that the climatic conditions were responsible for the result of cultivations, set up a little weather station and since 1886 he daily published the detected meteorological data on the magazine *L'Agricoltura Italiana*.

His scientific activity is documented by more than a hundred important publications; most of them are included in *Atti della Regia Accademia dei Georgofili*, and, more specifically, in the valuable magazine "L'Agricoltura italiana", founded by him in 1875 and directed for the rest of his life.

Girolamo Caruso was interested, above all, in the cultivation of wheat: he examined harvesting and sowing methods, fertilizing, pest management and cost of production. Under his guidance, the Institute got a high experience in this field, so that in 1925 they founded the Regional Institute for Cereal Growing, within the Agrarian High Institute (that is Istituto superiore agrario) of Pisa.

It must be noted, moreover, that in 1891 Nazareno Strampelli, the most important genetistic agronomist of the first half of the 20th century who produced new varieties of wheat, got his degree at the University of Pisa. He has the merit of having made possible the first green revolution, which is an improvement of the production capacity that made the Italian population self-sufficient.

Caruso also dedicated his studies to the cultivation of grapevine, and above all, to some kinds in the country Pisan, to green pruning, to the cultivation of vine without support, and to graftings on American cuttings to fight phylloxera.

Many of his studies included the fight against parasites, above all those of the vine and olive; until the first half of the 19th century Italian vines were unaffected by parasites, but in 1851 powdery mildew arrived, in 1878 Phylloxera and in 1879 downy mildew.

Girolamo Caruso made some experiments on all systems of the fight against these parasites and engaged for their application in Tuscany and in Italy; besides, he carried forward different experiences on the methods of fight against click beetles of cereals, the grapevine moth, the olive fruit fly, la tingidae of pears, the insects harmful for the seeds in the granaries, the smallpox olive and morus-mildew.

Besides his studies of agronomy, he was rather interested in rural economy: on the production costs in the area of Pisa, in the usefulness of the manuring of olives with pomace, in the tests of manuring and cultural operations of wheat, the set of rules about farms, convenience and feasibility of the bill of land reform proposed by Maggiorino Ferraris and the legislation about the credit for land improvements and agrarian progress in general.

### Activities

1864 Professor of di agriculture at the provincial agrarian school of Corleone (Palermo)

1867 Teacher of rural economy and agricultural evaluations at the Technical Institute of Messina

1871 Chair of agronomy, agriculture and rural economy at the university of Pisa

1872 Appointment of Director of the Agrarian School and the Agrarian Institute of Pisa, he founds the agrarian Comitium of Pisa

1873 Presents the report *I sistemi di amministrazione rurale e la questione sociale* (Pisa 1874)

1874 Founds the magazine *L'agricoltura italiana*

1875 Takes part in the Fourth General Congress of Italian farmers at Ferrara, doing a report on the organization of agricultural instruction

1878 Sets up three schools of Oenology in Piedmont, at Avellino and Catania, realizing the program of Vocational Training that the Ministry of Public Education had promoted

1890 Gives a contribution to the foundation of a cooperative trade union in Pisa

1880–1990 Does his best for the reorganization of the Scuola Superiore and the Agrarian Institute

1894 Member emeritus of Accademia dei Georgofili of Florence, Caruso is associated to other various academies

1894 Member of the Committee promoting the Society of Italian farmers, later founded in Rome in 1895, and elected Councillor

1907 The agrarian Comitium of Pisa makes a special foundation entitled to Caruso for the actions intended to the progress of agriculture Pisan.

1914 Presides over the commission for the referendum of the agrarian Comitoums on their reorganization

* Member of the Royal Academy of Agriculture of Turin
* Honorary member of the Academy of Sciences, Letters and Arts of Verona.
* Board of Governors of Agriculture
* Board of Governors of Work
* Board of Governors of Public Education
* Departmental Council of Traffic

It is also noteworthy his precious activity for the ordering of secondary schools, technical institutes, agrarian special and practical schools, etc.,

### Works

* Apolessia linfatica o mal doi gomma degli agrumi; 1864
* Trattato di viticoltura e vinificazione, 1869
* Trattato sulla coltivazione degli ulivi e la manifattura dell'olio, 1870
* Studi sull'industria dei cereali in Sicilia e sulle popolazioni che la esercitano; Palermo, 1870)
* Questioni urgenti di viticoltura; Messina, tip. Ignazio d'Amico e figli, 1871
* I sistemi di amministrazione rurale e la questione sociale; Pisa 1874
* Relazione introduttiva su: *I sistemi di amministrazione rurale e la questione sociale*; Pisa, 1874
* Monografia del bergamotto in *L'Agricoltura Italiana (vol. I) Firenze, M.Ricci, 1874*
* Dell' Olivo: Monografia; Torino, Unione tipografico-editrice, 1883. Considerata il suo capolavoro, tratta della distribuzione geografica della pianta, delle varietà coltivate, del clima, del terreno, della concimazione, dell'impianto dell'oliveto e delle malattie che più di frequente lo colpiscono.
* Dell' Olivo: Monografia, 2010
* Esperimenti fatti colla mietitrice-legatrice Aultman nei poderi della R. scuola superiore agraria di Pisa;Firenze: Tip. M.Ricci, 1888
* Esperienze colla mietitrice legatrice Aultman; Firenze, Tip. di Mariano Ricci, 1889.
* Dei Concimi chimici adoperati in copertura nella coltivazione del grano (2^serie); Firenze, M.Ricci,1889
* Le prove di concimazione e i conti colturali del grano, in "L'Agricoltura Italiana",16; 1890
* Esperienze sulla conservazione dei foraggi freschi colla pressa Blunt: memoria letta alla R. Accademia dei Georgofili nell'adunanza del dì 3 maggio 1891; Firenze, M. Cellini e C., 1891
* Ricerche sull'ordinamento dell'azienda rurale; Firenze; 1894
* Osservazioni e ricerche sperimentali sull'uso dei fermenti puri selezionati nella vinificazione di Girolamo Caruso e Gustavo Gasperini, in "Atti della Reale Accademia dei Georgofili di Firenze", s. IV, 21; 1898
* Agronomia, manuale; Torino, Unione Tipografica Editrice, 1898
* Sulla convenienza e sull'attuabilità del disegno di riforma agraria (in Atti della Accademia dei Georgofili, s. 4, Disp. 1, XXIII \[1900\], pp. 69–95),1900
* saggi pubblicati sull'*Agricoltura italiana* relativi alla viticultura e alla vinificazione (1878, 1892, 1898); ai foraggi (1891); ai concimi (1889, 1890, 1906, 1909); ai parassiti delle piante (1888–90, 1894–1897, 1902, 1915); alla meccanica agraria (1876, 1883, 1897).

## Sources

* Onoranze al Professore G. C. nel XXXV anno d'insegnamento universitario, Pisa 1907, che contiene anche l'elenco completo delle opere del C. fino a quell'anno.
* La migliore fonte di informazioni sulla vita e le opere del C. è rappres. dal volume delle Onoranze alla memoria del Prof. G.C., Pisa 1926.
* G. Bolla in Atti dell'Accademia dei Georgofili, s. 5, XX (1923), pp. XLVII-L e di
* N. Passerini, in Annuario della R. Univer. di Pisa, della R. Scuola di ingegn. e dei RR. Istituti superiori di agraria e di medicina veterin. di Pisa per l'anno accademico 1923–14, pp. 339–42
* A. J. Worland, The importance of Italian wheats to worldwide varietal improvement, "Journal of Genetics and Breeding", 53 (1999), p. 165-173.


title: Wesley Clarke

abstract: Wesley Clarke is a New Zealand rugby union coach. He is currently the assistant coach of the New Zealand women's national rugby union team, and is also the Hurricanes Poua Head Coach.

text:
# Wesley Clarke

**Wesley Clarke** is a New Zealand rugby union coach. He is currently the assistant coach of the New Zealand women's national rugby union team, and is also the Hurricanes Poua Head Coach.

## Biography

Clarke was born in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. He moved to Auckland to play rugby but concussions ended his playing career. He was the assistant coach of Manawatu from 2011 to 2013. In 2021 he was appointed as the Hurricanes Poua Head Coach ahead of the inaugural season of Super Rugby Aupiki.

Clarke is married to Former Black Fern Farah Palmer.

## InfoBox

Wesley Clarke
| Place of birth | Port Elizabeth, South Africa |
| --- | --- |
| Rugby union career | |
| Coaching career  **Years** **Team**  2022 Hurricanes Poua  2015 – present New Zealand Women (Assistant)  2010–2013 Manawatu Turbos (Assistant) | |


title: Xenomeris

abstract: Xenomeris is a genus of fungi in the family Venturiaceae.

text:
# Xenomeris

***Xenomeris*** is a genus of fungi in the family Venturiaceae.

## Species

* *X. abietis*
* *X. acicola*
* *X. alpina*
* *X. arbuti*
* *X. eucalypti*
* *X. hemisphaerica*
* *X. juniperi*
* *X. nicholsonii*
* *X. pruni*
* *X. raetica*
* *X. saccifolii*

## InfoBox

| *Xenomeris* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Dothideomycetes |
| Subclass: | Pleosporomycetidae |
| Order: | Pleosporales |
| Family: | Venturiaceae |
| Genus: | ***Xenomeris***
Syd. |
|
| Type species | |
| *Xenomeris pruni*
Std. | |


title: Éder Jordan

abstract: Éder Jordan Pereyra is a Bolivian footballer who currently plays goalkeeper for Sport Boys Warnes.

text:
# Éder Jordan

**Éder Jordan Pereyra** (born June 17, 1985, in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia) is a Bolivian footballer who currently plays goalkeeper for Sport Boys Warnes.

## Club career

During his professional career he also played for The Strongest, Nacional Potosí and Real Potosí.

### Club career statistics

| Club performance | | | League | | Cup | | League Cup | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| League | | Apertura and Clausura | | | Copa Aerosur | | Total | | | | | |
| 2010 | The Strongest | Liga de Fútbol Profesional Boliviano | 43 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 43 | 0 |
| 2011 | Nacional Potosí | Liga de Fútbol Profesional Boliviano | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 0 |
| 2011/12 | Nacional Potosí | Liga de Fútbol Profesional Boliviano | 23 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 23 | 0 |
| 2012/13 | Real Potosí | Liga de Fútbol Profesional Boliviano | 20 | 0 | - | - | 2 | 0 | 20 | 0 |
| 2013/14 | Real Potosí | Liga de Fútbol Profesional Boliviano | 12 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 12 | 0 |
| 2014/15 | Blooming | Liga de Fútbol Profesional Boliviano | 12 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 12 | 0 |
| 2015/16 | Real Potosí | Liga de Fútbol Profesional Boliviano | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| Total | | | 111 | 0 | - | - | 2 | 0 | 113 | 0 |

## InfoBox

Éder Jordan
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Éder Jordan Pereyra | | |
| Date of birth | (1985-06-17) June 17, 1985 | | |
| Place of birth | Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia | | |
| Height | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Sport Boys | | |
| Number | 32 | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2010 | The Strongest | 43 | (0) |
| 2011–2012 | Nacional Potosí | 24 | (0) |
| 2012–2014 | Real Potosí | 32 | (0) |
| 2014–2015 | Blooming | 12 | (0) |
| 2015–2017 | Real Potosí | 60 | (0) |
| 2018 | Universitario de Sucre | 9 | (0) |
| 2019 | Always Ready | 8 | (0) |
| 2019– | Sport Boys | 0 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 16:04, 28 October 2019 (UTC) | | | |


abstract: The Memphis Tigers men's basketball statistical leaders are individual statistical leaders of the Memphis Tigers men's basketball program in various categories, including points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocks. Within those areas, the lists identify single-game, single-season, and career leaders. The Tigers represent the University of Memphis in the NCAA's American Athletic Conference. Memphis began competing in intercollegiate basketball in 1920. However, the school's record book does not generally list records from before the 1950s, as records from before this period are often incomplete and inconsistent. Since scoring was much lower in this era, and teams played much fewer games during a typical season, it is likely that few or no players from this era would appear on these lists anyway. The NCAA did not officially record assists as a stat until the 1983–84 season, and blocks and steals until the 1985–86 season, but Memphis' record books includes players in these stats before these seasons. These lists are updated through the end of the 2020–21 season.

text:
# Memphis Tigers men's basketball statistical leaders

The **Memphis Tigers men's basketball statistical leaders** are individual statistical leaders of the Memphis Tigers men's basketball program in various categories, including points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocks. Within those areas, the lists identify single-game, single-season, and career leaders. The Tigers represent the University of Memphis in the NCAA's American Athletic Conference.

Memphis began competing in intercollegiate basketball in 1920. However, the school's record book does not generally list records from before the 1950s, as records from before this period are often incomplete and inconsistent. Since scoring was much lower in this era, and teams played much fewer games during a typical season, it is likely that few or no players from this era would appear on these lists anyway.

The NCAA did not officially record assists as a stat until the 1983–84 season, and blocks and steals until the 1985–86 season, but Memphis' record books includes players in these stats before these seasons. These lists are updated through the end of the 2020–21 season.

## Scoring

## Rebounds

## Assists

## Steals

## Blocks


abstract: US Post Office—Niagara Falls Main is a historic post office building located at Niagara Falls in Niagara County, New York. It was built in 1906, and is one of a number of post offices in New York State designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department, James Knox Taylor. The two story building is constructed of white Vermont marble on a granite base in a French Neoclassical style with Beaux-Arts details. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

text:
# United States Post Office (Niagara Falls, New York)

**US Post Office—Niagara Falls Main** is a historic post office building located at Niagara Falls in Niagara County, New York. It was built in 1906, and is one of a number of post offices in New York State designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department, James Knox Taylor. The two story building is constructed of white Vermont marble on a granite base in a French Neoclassical style with Beaux-Arts details.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| US Post Office-Niagara Falls Main | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| US Post Office-Niagara Falls Main, June 2009 | |
|  | |
| Location | 615 Main St.,<br>Niagara Falls, New York |
| Coordinates | 43°5′34″N 79°3′25″W / 43.09278°N 79.05694°W / 43.09278; -79.05694 |
| Built | 1906 |
| Architect | James Knox Taylor, James A. Wetmore |
| Architectural style | Beaux Arts |
| MPS | US Post Offices in New York State, 1858-1943, TR |
| NRHP reference No. | 88002379 |
| Added to NRHP | May 11, 1989 |


title: NEFH

abstract: Neurofilament, heavy polypeptide (NEFH) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NEFH gene. It is the gene for a heavy protein subunit that is combined with medium and light subunits to make neurofilaments, which form the framework for nerve cells. Mutations in the NEFH gene are associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

text:
# NEFH

**Neurofilament, heavy polypeptide** (**NEFH)** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *NEFH* gene.

It is the gene for a heavy protein subunit that is combined with medium and light subunits to make neurofilaments, which form the framework for nerve cells.

Mutations in the NEFH gene are associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

## InfoBox

| NEFH | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | NEFH, NFH, CMT2CC, neurofilament, heavy polypeptide, neurofilament heavy, neurofilament heavy chain | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 162230; MGI: 97309; HomoloGene: 40755; GeneCards: NEFH; OMA:NEFH - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_021076   NM\_010904   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_066554   NP\_035034   Location (UCSC) Chr 22: 29.48 – 29.49 Mb Chr 11: 4.89 – 4.9 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Xenomigia cosanga

abstract: Xenomigia cosanga is a moth of the family Notodontidae. It is found in north-eastern Ecuador. The length of the forewings is 15-15.5 mm.

text:
# Xenomigia cosanga

***Xenomigia cosanga*** is a moth of the family Notodontidae. It is found in north-eastern Ecuador.

The length of the forewings is 15-15.5 mm.

## Etymology

The species is named for the town of Cosanga in Ecuador.

## InfoBox

| *Xenomigia cosanga* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Notodontidae |
| Genus: | *Xenomigia* |
| Species: | ***X. cosanga*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Xenomigia cosanga***<br>Miller, 2011 | |
|


title: Xiaoxiang poetry

abstract: Xiaoxiang poetry is one of the Classical Chinese poetry genres, one which has been practiced for over a thousand years. It is a poetry of scenic wonders, a poetry of officials exiled for their views and beliefs, and a poetry of dissent against submitting to government control. Xiaoxiang poetry is geographically associated with the Xiaoxiang region, around and south of Dongting Lake. The Xiaoxiang genre of literature is often associated with similarly themed Chinese calligraphy and Chinese painting. Famous poets in this genre include Qu Yuan, Song Yu, Jia Yi, Wang Yi, Yu Xin, Shen Quanqi, Zhang Yue, Li Bai, Du Fu, Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, and Su Shi.

text:
# Xiaoxiang poetry

**Xiaoxiang poetry** is one of the Classical Chinese poetry genres, one which has been practiced for over a thousand years. It is a poetry of scenic wonders, a poetry of officials exiled for their views and beliefs, and a poetry of dissent against submitting to government control. Xiaoxiang poetry is geographically associated with the Xiaoxiang region, around and south of Dongting Lake. The Xiaoxiang genre of literature is often associated with similarly themed Chinese calligraphy and Chinese painting. Famous poets in this genre include Qu Yuan, Song Yu, Jia Yi, Wang Yi, Yu Xin, Shen Quanqi, Zhang Yue, Li Bai, Du Fu, Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, and Su Shi.

## Name

Xiaoxiang appears as a name with various spellings and transcriptions, such as: (simplified Chinese: 潇湘; traditional Chinese: 瀟湘; pinyin: *Xiāo Xiāng*), also transliterated *XiaoXiang*. *Xiao-Xiang*, *Hsiao Hsiang*, and *Chiu Chiang*, in some older sources. Poems written according to various of the Classical Chinese poetry forms may be considered to be Xiaoxiang poetry genre.

## Xiaoxiang region

The Xiaoxiang poetry genre is symbolically oriented around a certain geographic region, known as the Xiaoxiang, more-or-less modern Hunan Province. "Xiaoxiang" refers to the "lakes and rivers" region in south-central China south of the middle-reaches of the Yangtze River and more-or-less corresponding with Hunan province: it is less a precise geographic entity than a concept:

XiaoXiang poetry is not just about a place; it is also about giving subtle expression to discontent.

The Xiaoxiang region was a typical place of exile for the poet-officials of numerous Chinese dynasties, from the 3rd century BCE, or earlier. Although not allowed to necessarily speak their mind about their feelings in this regard, on penalty of further punishment, many of the exiles felt that the exile was unjustified and that they were being punished unjustly for performing their duties according to their sense of conscience. The sense of punishment was a complex of various factors: generally the exiles continued on serving as governmental officials, but receiving a demotion in status and a decrease in salary; the geographic distance and terrain made travel between the Xiaoxiang and the Central Plains regions of China onerous, dangerous and lengthy; the Xiaoxiang exiles were denied direct contact with the sophisticated, urban society of the imperial capital, having to adapt to different customs, dialects, or languages of the region, and for the most part denied direct association with their peers; the climate was hotter and more humid than they were accustomed to, and the fear of associated disease made many of the exiles to the Xiaoxiang area complain about the huge risk to their life and health involved, something which known cases of exiles succumbing to illness shortly after being posted there did little to dispel. The complaints about the region generally found a balanced tension in the Xiaoxiang poetry with the hopes for a pardon for the crimes for which they had been convicted, or a reprieve of their sentences, and especially for the recall back home.

## Mythology

Even before the beginnings of modern recorded history, the Xiaoxiang region was the part of a rich cultural tradition, including shamanic religious traditions and mythology. Reference to this tradition is a part of the Xiaoxiang poetry. References are made to Shun (also known as Chong Hua) and to the Xiang River goddesses. Although he is generally considered historical to some extent, other references frequently involve the mythology surrounding Qu Yuan.

## History

The Xiaoxiang poetry tradition begins with Qu Yuan, of the Kingdom of Chu, before the initial unification of China into an empire. Further development continued on through the Han dynasty, the Tang dynasty and the Tang poetry, and on into the times of the Song dynasty and the Song poetry. With such exponents as Du Fu and Su Shi, the Xiaoxiang genre of poetry continued as a vigorous source of inspiration for Chinese poetry and contribution to culture.

### Qu Yuan and *Chuci*

The Xiaoxiang poetry tradition begins with the *Chuci* tradition, which was associated with Qu Yuan's exile, in the centuries before the Common Era, and continued to be developed through the times of the Han dynasty, in the milieu of Han poetry, when the work entitled *Chuci* was published in what is basically its modern form.

Although many of the poets of the early tradition are anonymous, another important name linked with this tradition is Song Yu, who, like Qu Yuan, was a native of Chu, traditionally thought to have been wrongfully and mistakenly dismissed from court despite possessing both great talents and loyalty.

### Han dynasty

Besides the Han dynasty writers and editors, such as Wang Yi, who contributed to the *Chuci*, another important Han era poet in the Xiaoxiang tradition was Jia Yi, who was exiled by Han Wendi to Changsha. On his way into exile, and upon crossing the Xiang River, Jia Yi wrote a *fu* named "Lament for Qu Yuan". After 3 years in exile, at sunset, an owl flew into his room: the depressed Jia Yi considered this as an omen of his exile soon reaching its miserable end, but only by means of his impending death, as signaled by this avian harbinger of doom; and so, he wrote another and subsequently renowned *fu*, "The Owl". After making these contributions to the Xiaoxiang poetry tradition, Jia Yi nevertheless lived on to be subsequently recalled to court.

### Six Dynasties

During the Six Dynasties period, Yu Xin contributed to the Six Dynasties poetry in the genre of the Xiaoxiang poetry. Born into the Liang nobility, upon the defeat of Liang he was kept in captivity in the state of Western Wei. His *fu* "Lament for the South" is known in this regard.

### Tang dynasty

Further development of the Xiaoxiang poetry genre continued on through the Tang dynasty, including the interlude of Wu Zetian's "Zhou" dynasty, with authors such as Shen Quanqi, Zhang Yue, Li Bai, Du Fu, Han Yu, and Liu Zongyuan.

### Song dynasty

Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, and other poets of the Song dynasty wrote poetry in the Xiaoxiang genre.

## Influence

### Eight Views of Xiaoxiang

Xiaoxiang poetry and Chinese painting were fruitfully and mutually influential with each other in the development of the *Eight Views of Xiaoxiang* genre of serial art. A standard list is:

* *Geese Descending to Level Sand* (平沙雁落)
* *Sail Returning from Distant Shore* (遠浦帆歸)
* *Mountain Market, Clearing Mist* (山市晴嵐)
* *River and Sky, Evening Snow* (江天暮雪)
* *Autumn Moon over Dongting* (洞庭秋月)
* *Night Rain on the Xiao Xiang* (瀟湘夜雨)
* *Evening Bell from Mist-Shrouded Temple* (煙寺晚鍾)
* *Fishing Village in Evening Glow* (漁村夕照)

* Davis, A. R. (Albert Richard), Editor and Introduction (1970), *The Penguin Book of Chinese Verse*. (Baltimore: Penguin Books).
* Murck, Alfreda (2000). *Poetry and Painting in Song China: The Subtle Art of Dissent*. Harvard University Asia Center. ISBN 978-0-674-00782-6.


title: Xerochloa imberbis

abstract: Xerochloa imberbis, commonly known as rice grass, grows along the tropical coasts of Australia from Karratha in Western Australia through to Cardwell in North Queensland.

text:
# Xerochloa imberbis

***Xerochloa imberbis***, commonly known as **rice grass**, grows along the tropical coasts of Australia from Karratha in Western Australia through to Cardwell in North Queensland.

## InfoBox

| *Xerochloa imberbis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Panicoideae |
| Genus: | *Xerochloa* |
| Species: | ***X. imberbis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Xerochloa imberbis***<br>R.Br. | |
|


title: Xerochrysum alpinum

abstract: Xerochrysum alpinum is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to the Australian state of Tasmania.

text:
# Xerochrysum alpinum

***Xerochrysum alpinum*** is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to the Australian state of Tasmania.

## InfoBox

| *Xerochrysum alpinum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | *Xerochrysum* |
| Species: | ***X. alpinum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Xerochrysum alpinum***<br>Paul G.Wilson | |
|


title: Xinjiangchelys

abstract: Xinjiangchelys is an extinct genus of xinjiangchelyid turtle known from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of China and Kyrgyzstan. It is known from over 11 different species.

text:
# Xinjiangchelys

***Xinjiangchelys*** is an extinct genus of xinjiangchelyid turtle known from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of China and Kyrgyzstan. It is known from over 11 different species.

## Taxonomy

* *Xinjiangchelys chowi*
* *Xinjiangchelys jingyanensis*
* *Xinjiangchelys jinyanensis*
* *Xinjiangchelys junggarensis* (= *Xinjiangchelys latimarginalis*)
* *Xinjiangchelys latiens*
* *Xinjiangchelys levensis*
* *Xinjiangchelys naryensis*
* *Xinjiangchelys oshanensis*
* *Xinjiangchelys qiguensis*
* *Xinjiangchelys radiplicatoides*
* *Xinjiangchelys radiplicatus*
* *Xinjiangchelys tianshanensis*
* *Xinjiangchelys wuerhoensis*
* *Xinjiangchelys wusu*

## InfoBox

| *Xinjiangchelys*
Temporal range: | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Syntype specimens of *X. wusu* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| *Clade*: | Pantestudines |
| *Clade*: | Testudinata |
| Family: | Xinjiangchelyidae |
| Genus: | *Xinjiangchelys*
Yeh, 1986 |
|
| Type species | |
| ***Xinjiangchelys junggarensis***
Yeh, 1986 | |
| Species | |
| See text | |


title: Xikuangshan Mine

abstract: Xikuangshan mine (simplified Chinese: 锡矿山; traditional Chinese: 錫礦山; pinyin: Xīkuàngshān) in Lengshuijiang, Hunan, China, contains the world's largest deposit of antimony. It is unique in that there is a large deposit of stibnite (Sb2S3) in a layer of Devonian limestone. There are three mineral beds which are between 2.5 and 8 m thick which are folded in an anticline that plunges to the south-west. The total mineralised area of the mine has a surface extent of 14 km⁲. There are two different units at the mine, the northern one produces mixed oxide and sulfide such as stibiconite (Sb3O6(OH)) and the southern one produces stibnite. Ore is concentrated and refined on site in a refinery with a capacity of 10,000 tonnes of antimony per year.

text:
# Xikuangshan Mine

**Xikuangshan mine** (simplified Chinese: 锡矿山; traditional Chinese: 錫礦山; pinyin: *Xīkuàngshān*) in Lengshuijiang, Hunan, China, contains the world's largest deposit of antimony. It is unique in that there is a large deposit of stibnite (Sb2S3) in a layer of Devonian limestone. There are three mineral beds which are between 2.5 and 8 m thick which are folded in an anticline that plunges to the south-west. The total mineralised area of the mine has a surface extent of 14 km2. There are two different units at the mine, the northern one produces mixed oxide and sulfide such as stibiconite (Sb3O6(OH)) and the southern one produces stibnite. Ore is concentrated and refined on site in a refinery with a capacity of 10,000 tonnes of antimony per year.

## History

The mine is thought to have been discovered in 1521 and was originally mined for its tin deposits. 464,000 tonnes of antimony were produced at the mine between 1892 and 1929. From 1949 to 1981, 172,000 tonnes of antimony were produced. In 1981 1,700 tonnes of ore was being mined each day which was between 2 and 3 percent pure antimony.

## Reserves

In 1981, reserves at the Xikuangshan deposit amounted to 10,000,000 tonnes of ore that contained 2 to 3 percent antimony (200-300,000 tonnes of antimony), at the time geologists thought that there may be more in the area. By 2002 the estimated size of the deposit was 2,110,000 tonnes of pure antimony. The ore is composed of quartz, calcite, stibnite and some pyrite.

## Formation

Using samarium–neodymium dating, it has been estimated that the deposit formed during the late Jurassic – early Cretaceous period (around 145 million years ago).

## Water pollution

In April 2010 it was reported that antimony levels in water near the mine were as high as 11 parts per million, a thousand times those found in uncontaminated water. The antimony was found to be in the V oxidation state, believed to be the least dangerous aqueous form (antimony can have a I, III or V oxidation state). The environmental effects of this high level of the rare metalloid are poorly understood and are currently under investigation by a team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington and the University of Alberta.

27°45′07″N 111°28′59″E / 27.752°N 111.483°E / 27.752; 111.483


title: Y3

abstract:
Y3 can refer to:
  - Vektor Y3 AGL, a South African-manufactured Automatic Grenade Launcher
  - Y-3, Yohji Yamamoto's fashion line with Adidas
  - LNER Class Y3, a class of 0-4-0 geared steam locomotives built by Sentinel Waggon Works
  - SJ Y3, a series of diesel railcars operated by Statens Järnvägar of Sweden
  - Boeing Yellowstone 3, a Boeing Commercial Airplanes project to replace the 777-300 and 747 product line with advanced technology aircraft

text:
# Y3

**Y3** can refer to:

* Vektor Y3 AGL, a South African-manufactured Automatic Grenade Launcher
* Y-3 (fashion brand), Yohji Yamamoto's fashion line with Adidas
* LNER Class Y3, a class of 0-4-0 geared steam locomotives built by Sentinel Waggon Works
* SJ Y3, a series of diesel railcars operated by Statens Järnvägar of Sweden
* Boeing Yellowstone 3, a Boeing Commercial Airplanes project to replace the 777-300 and 747 product line with advanced technology aircraft


title: Y2K (Beenie Man album)

abstract: Y2K is the eleventh studio album by Beenie Man.

text:
# Y2K (Beenie Man album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***Y2K*** is the eleventh studio album by Beenie Man.

## Track listing

1. "Woman Ah Modler" – 3:35
2. "Boogie Down" – 3:48
3. "Miss Angela" (featuring Christina) – 3:53
4. "Feel Good" (featuring Leroy Sibbles) – 3:50
5. "Recruiting Girl" – 3:35
6. "Illiterate Gal"– 3:35
7. "Matey" – 3:27
8. "Veteran" – 3:34
9. "AIDS Veteran (Remix)" – 3:29
10. "Fuck Hawk" – 3:42
11. "Greendelero (Remix)” – 3:37
12. "Green Card Buddy" - 3:37

* The vinyl pressing of the album omits the tracks "Feel Good" and "Green Card Buddy".
* Track 9, "AIDS Veteran (Remix)" is a remix of the song, "AIDS Victim", but is erroneously listed as "AIDS Veteran".

## Charts

| Chart (1999) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| U.S. *Billboard* Top Reggae Albums | 11 |
|

## InfoBox

| Y2K | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Beenie Man | |
| Released | September 14, 1999 |
| Genre | Reggae, ragga, dancehall |
| Label | Artists Only |
| Beenie Man chronology | |
| *The Doctor*
(1997) ***Y2K***
(1999) *Art and Life*
(2000) | |


title: Yahia Kébé

abstract: Yahia Kébé is a Burkinabé professional footballer who plays as a striker for Al-Zawraa.

text:
# Yahia Kébé

**Yahia Kébé** (born 11 July 1985) is a Burkinabé professional footballer who plays as a striker for Al-Zawraa.

## Club career

Kébé began his career in 1999 with US Torcy. He played with the club's youth squad before transferring to Blackburn Rovers in 2003. In 2003 he joined Bordeaux and was promoted to the reserve team 2004 where he played with his brother Boubacar, Kébé who scores 6 goals in 20 games.

In 2005 Kébé moved to FC Libourne Saint-Seurin. In the 2005–06 season he played 21 matches and scored 8 goals and in 2006–07, he made 35 appearances in Ligue 2 scoring 10 goals.

Kébé left Libourne in July 2007 and moved to Troyes AC, where he played 23 games and scored 7 goals in his first season. In the season 2008–09 season he scored 3 goals in 18 games for Troyes in the French Ligue 2.

## International career

Kébé represented Burkina Faso national team internationally.

## Personal life

His father is Malian and his mother is Burkinabé; he is the elder brother of Boubacar Kébé and sister Asta.

## InfoBox

Yahia Kébé
| Yahia Kébé with Al-Kharitiyath | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Date of birth | (1985-07-11) 11 July 1985 | | |
| Place of birth | Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso | | |
| Height | 1.82 m (6 ft 0 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Striker | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Al-Zawraa | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 1999–2002 | US Torcy | | |
| 2002–2003 | Blackburn Rovers | | |
| 2003–2004 | Bordeaux | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2004–2005 | Bordeaux B | 34 | (9) |
| 2005–2007 | FC Libourne Saint-Seurin | 59 | (18) |
| 2007–2009 | Troyes | 63 | (14) |
| 2009–2014 | Al-Kharitiyath | 40 | (17) |
| 2014–2015 | Raja Club Athletic | 2 | (3) |
| 2015–2016 | Al-Kharitiyath |  |  |
| 2017– | Al-Zawraa | 0 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 2005– | Burkina Faso | 13 | (3) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 18 September 2009 {UTC}<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 11:35, 11 February 2021 (UTC) | | | |


title: Winners Take All (film)

abstract: Winners Take All is a 1987 film directed by Fritz Kiersch and starring Don Michael Paul and Geoffrey Wigdor.

text:
# Winners Take All (film)

***Winners Take All*** is a 1987 film directed by Fritz Kiersch and starring Don Michael Paul and Geoffrey Wigdor.

## Plot summary

## Cast

## Reception

Eleanor Ringel of The Atlanta Journal-Constitution wrote "The real stars of *Winners Take All* are the scores of anonymous stuntmen and women who ride their bikes over, under, around and through any number of astounding obstacles. Unfortunately, the filmmakers don't have the same technical expertise."

## InfoBox

| Winners Take All | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Fritz Kiersch |
| Written by | Christopher W. Knight
Tom Tatum
Ed Turner |
| Produced by | Christopher W. Knight
Tom Tatum |
| Starring | Don Michael Paul
Kathleen York
Robert Krantz |
| Cinematography | Fred V. Murphy II |
| Edited by | Lorenzo De Stefano |
| Music by | Doug Timm |
| Release date | * February 1987 (1987-02) |
| Running time | 102 mins. |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Pygospio

abstract: Pygospio is a genus of marine polychaete worms in the family Spionidae.

text:
# Pygospio

***Pygospio*** is a genus of marine polychaete worms in the family Spionidae.

* Radishevsky, V.I., Pankova, V.V., Neretina, T., Stupnikova, A. & Tzetlin, A.B. 2016. Molecular analysis of the Pygospio elegans group of species (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 4083(2), pages 239–250, doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4083.2.4

## InfoBox

| *Pygospio* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| illustration in "A monograph of the British marine annelids 1915 XCIII Plate"
2 *Pygospio elegans* Claparède, 1863 | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Annelida |
| *Clade*: | Pleistoannelida |
| *Clade*: | Sedentaria |
| Order: | Spionida |
| Family: | Spionidae |
| Genus: | *Pygospio*
Claparède, 1863 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Pygospio elegans*
Claparède, 1863 | |
| Species | |
|  | |


title: Minamoto no Yorimitsu

abstract: Minamoto no Yorimitsu, also known as Minamoto no Raikō, was a Japanese samurai and folk hero of the Heian period, who served the regents of the Fujiwara clan along with his brother Yorinobu, taking the violent measures the Fujiwara were themselves unable to take. He is one of the earliest Minamoto of historical note for his military exploits, and is known for quelling the bandits of Ōeyama. His loyal service earned him the governorships of Izu Province, Kozuke and a number of others in turn, as well as a number of other high government positions. Yorimitsu served as commander of a regiment of the Imperial Guard, and as a secretary in the Ministry of War. When his father Minamoto no Mitsunaka died, he inherited Settsu Province. Yorimitsu is usually accompanied by his four legendary retainers, known as the Shitennō. They were Watanabe no Tsuna, Sakata no Kintoki, Urabe no Suetake, and Usui Sadamitsu.

text:
# Minamoto no Yorimitsu

**Minamoto no Yorimitsu** (源 頼光, 948 – August 29, 1021), also known as **Minamoto no Raikō**, was a Japanese samurai and folk hero of the Heian period, who served the regents of the Fujiwara clan along with his brother Yorinobu, taking the violent measures the Fujiwara were themselves unable to take. He is one of the earliest Minamoto of historical note for his military exploits, and is known for quelling the bandits of Ōeyama.

His loyal service earned him the governorships of Izu Province, Kozuke and a number of others in turn, as well as a number of other high government positions. Yorimitsu served as commander of a regiment of the Imperial Guard, and as a secretary in the Ministry of War. When his father Minamoto no Mitsunaka died, he inherited Settsu Province.

Yorimitsu is usually accompanied by his four legendary retainers, known as the Shitennō (The Four Heavenly Kings). They were Watanabe no Tsuna, Sakata no Kintoki, Urabe no Suetake, and Usui Sadamitsu.

## Legends

Yorimitsu is featured in a number of legends and tales, including the legend of Kintarō (Golden Boy a.k.a. Sakata no Kintoki), the legend of Shuten Dōji, and the legend of Tsuchigumo. The *tachi* (long sword) 'Dōjigiri' owned by Tokyo National Museum and selected as a National Treasure and *Tenka-Goken* ("Five Swords under Heaven"), and 'Onikirimaru' owned by Tada Shrine, have a legend that Yorimitsu beheaded Shuten Dōji. Also, three swords of the same name, 'Hizamaru' owned by Daikaku-ji Temple, Hakone Shrine and an individual, have a legend that Yorimitsu beat off Tsuchigumo.

The Karatsu Kunchi festival in Karatsu City, Saga Prefecture, features a large float inspired by the helmet of Minamoto, being partially devoured by the oni Shuten Douji.

## Family

* **Mother:** Daughter of Minamoto no Suguru
* **Father:**Minamoto no Mitsunaka
* **Wife:**Daughter of Fujiwara no Motohira
    + **1st son :** Minamoto no Yorikuni
* **Wife**:Daughter of Taira no Koretaka
* **Wife**:Daughter of Yoshishige no Tamemasa
    + **3rd son:**Minamoto no Yorimoto
    + **4th son:** Eiju
    + **5th son:**Minamoto no Yoriaki
    + **daughter:**Fujiwara no Michitsuna's wife

## Poetry

Yorimitsu wrote a renga with his wife, which appears in the Kin'yō Wakashū (nos.703-704):
*tade karu fune no suguru narikeri*
*asa madaki kararo no oto no kikoyuru wa*
This translates as:
a boat harvesting smartweed is passing by
I thought I heard someone rowing smartly before dawn

1. Sansom, George (1958). *A history of Japan to 1334*. Stanford University Press. pp. 241–242. ISBN 978-0804705233.
2. Sato, Hiroaki (1995). *Legends of the Samurai*. Overlook Duckworth. pp. 61–64, 66. ISBN 9781590207307.
3. Dōjigiri Yasutsuna. Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum Nagoya Touken World.
4. 源頼光の「酒呑童子」退治で活躍の伝説残る宝刀「鬼切丸」、清和源氏ゆかりの神社で公開. Yomiuri shimbun. May 1, 2021.
5. Tsumugu Japan art & culture. Yomiuri shimbun.
6. "清和源氏の系図 | 家系図作成本舗". *www.e-keizu.com（in Japanese）*. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
* Sansom, George (1958). 'A History of Japan to 1334'. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.

## InfoBox

| Minamoto no Yorimitsu | |
| --- | --- |
| 源 頼光 | |
| Minamoto no Yorimitsu, picture was drawn by Kikuchi Yōsai（菊池容斎） | |
|  | |
| Head of Settsu Genji | |
| Succeeded by | Unknown |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Monjumaru
948 |
| Died | 29 August 1021(1021-08-29) (aged 72–73) |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Spouse(s) | Daughter of Fujiwara no Motohira
Daughter of Taira no Koretaka
Daughter of Yoshishige no Tamemasa |
| Children | Minamoto no Yorikuni
Minamoto no Yorimoto
Eiju
Minamoto no Yoriaki
Fujiwara no Michitsuna's wife |
| Parents |  |
| Relatives | Minamoto no Tsunemoto (grandfather)
Minamoto no Yorichika (brother)
Minamoto no Yorinobu (brother) |
| Nickname | Minamoto no Raikō |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Minamoto clan |
| Branch/service | Minamoto clan |
|  | |


title: NGC 2541

abstract: NGC 2541 is an unbarred spiral galaxy located about 40 million light-years away. It is in the NGC 2841 group of galaxies with NGC 2500, NGC 2537, and NGC 2552.

text:
# NGC 2541

**NGC 2541** is an unbarred spiral galaxy located about 40 million light-years away. It is in the NGC 2841 group of galaxies with NGC 2500, NGC 2537, and NGC 2552.

## InfoBox

| NGC 2541 | |
| --- | --- |
| NGC 2541 by Kitt Peak National Observatory | |
| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Lynx |
| Right ascension | 08h 14m 40.1s |
| Declination | +49° 03 41 |
| Redshift | 548 ± 1 km/ |
| Distance | 41 ± 5 Mly
(12.5 ± 1.4 Mpc) |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 12.3 |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | SA(s)cd |
| Apparent size (V) | 6.3 × 3.2 |
| Other designations | |
| UGC 4284, PGC 23110 | |


abstract: The 1991 Formula 3000 International Championship was the seventh season of Formula 3000 in Europe. Christian Fittipaldi won the championship after ten rounds.

text:
# 1991 International Formula 3000 Championship

The **1991 Formula 3000 International Championship** was the seventh season of Formula 3000 in Europe. Christian Fittipaldi won the championship after ten rounds.

## Technical changes

A major technical change for 1991 was the introduction by Avon of radial-ply tyres. Compared to the previous crossply tyres, these could be more consistently manufactured, and made the cars more consistent aerodynamically, but gave the drivers less control at high slip angles.

Lola's T91/50 chassis was an evolution of the previous year's championship-winning T90/50, and retained a very short wheelbase of 263.0 cm (103.5 in). By comparison, the Reynard 91D had a wheelbase of 277.5 cm (109.3 in). The short wheelbase of the Lola was blamed for its inability to perform on the new tyres, and the Forti Corse team switched to Reynards after three rounds. The Eddie Jordan Racing team attempted to lengthen its Lolas by adding a spacer in between the engine and gearbox, but eventually it too purchased a Reynard for Damon Hill.

The Ralt name, last seen in F3000 in 1988, returned after being split off from the March Group.

## Season summary

Alessandro Zanardi won for the new Il Barone Rampante team at the first race at Vallelunga. Jean-Marc Gounon then took Ralt's last F3000 win at Pau. Christian Fittipaldi won at Jerez, and Zanardi won again at Mugello.

Gounon won on the road at Enna, but he was controversially adjudged to have jumped the start. The race win was given to Emanuele Naspetti, who was making his first start in a Reynard after his Forti team had switched from Lolas. Naspetti then won the following three races at Hockenheim, Brands Hatch and Spa-Francorchamps. His success was blamed in part on the exotic fuel blend provided by Agip, which would be banned the following year.

Fittipaldi's Pacific teammate Antonio Tamburini won on the Bugatti Circuit at Le Mans. In the finale at Nogaro, Fittipaldi beat title rival Zanardi for the race win and the championship.

## Drivers and constructors

| Team | Chassis | Engine | No. | Driver | Rounds |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| DAMS | Lola | Mugen Honda | 1 | Allan McNish | All |
| | | | 2 | Laurent Aïello | All |
| GA Motorsport | Ralt | Ford Cosworth | 3 | Michael Bartels | 1 |
| | | | | Massimo Monti | 2 |
| | | | 4 | Thierry Delubac | 1-2 |
| BFG 3000 | Reynard | Mugen Honda | 4 | Giovanni Bonanno | 3-9 |
| First Racing | Reynard | Ford Cosworth | 5 | Giovanni Bonanno | 1 |
| | | | | Michael Bartels | 2-4 |
| | | | 6 | Jean-Denis Délétraz | 1-3 |
| | | | 7 | Éric Hélary | 1-4 |
| Paul Stewart Racing | Lola | Mugen Honda | 8 | Marco Apicella | All |
| | | | 9 | Paul Stewart | All |
| Forti Corse | Lola | Ford Cosworth | 11 | Emanuele Naspetti | 1-3 |
| | Reynard | | | | 4-10 |
| | Lola | | 12 | Fabrizio Giovanardi | 1-3 |
| | | | Reynard | 4-10 |
| Eddie Jordan Racing | Lola | Ford Cosworth | 14 | Damon Hill | 1-9 |
| | Reynard | | | | 10 |
| | Lola | | 15 | Vincenzo Sospiri | All |
| Roni Motorsport | Ralt | Ford Cosworth | 16 | Fernando Plata | 1-5 |
| | | | | Giovanni Lavaggi | 6-10 |
| | | | 17 | David Brabham | 1-4 |
| | | | Andrew Gilbert-Scott | 5-6 |
| Apomatox | Reynard | Ford Cosworth | 18 | Paul Belmondo | All |
| | | | 19 | Andrea Chiesa | 1-8 |
| | | | Emmanuel Collard | 9-10 |
| Crypton Engineering | Reynard | Ford Cosworth | 20 | Roberto Colciago | All |
| | | | 21 | Fabrizio Barbazza | 1 |
| | | | Pascal Witmeur | 8 |
| | | | Philippe Gache | 10 |
| | | | 22 | Giovanni Lavaggi | 1-5 |
| | | | Peter Zakowski | 6-8 |
| CoBRa Motorsports | Reynard | Ford Cosworth | 23 | Paolo Delle Piane | All |
| | | | 24 | Alain Menu | 1-6 |
| | | | Éric Hélary | 7-10 |
| RSM Marko | Reynard | Ford Cosworth | 25 | Karl Wendlinger | 3, 5-6, 8-9 |
| Galaxy Racing | Reynard | Ford Cosworth | 26 | Philippe Gache | 1-9 |
| | | | | David Velay | 10 |
| Vortex Motorsport | Lola | Mugen Honda | 27 | Heinz-Harald Frentzen | All |
| Pacific Racing | Reynard | Mugen Honda | 29 | Antonio Tamburini | All |
| | | | 30 | Christian Fittipaldi | All |
| 3001 International | Ralt | Ford Cosworth | 31 | Jean-Marc Gounon | All |
| | | | 32 | Andrea Montermini | All |
| Il Barone Rampante | Reynard | Mugen Honda | 33 | Alessandro Zanardi | All |
| | | | 34 | Giuseppe Bugatti | All |
| Junior Team | Reynard | Judd | 35 | Vittorio Zoboli | 1-8 |
| | | | | Massimo Monti | 9 |
| | | | 36 | Gabriel Furlán | All |
| Motor Racing Di-Wheels | Leyton House | Ford Cosworth | 38 | Fabiano Vandone | 1-4 |
| | Ralt | | | | 5-9 |
| | Leyton House | | 39 | Simon Kane | 6-7 |
| Pavesi Racing | Reynard | Mugen Honda | 40 | Felice Tedeschi | 1-8 |
| | | | | Massimiliano Angelelli | 9 |
| GJ Motorsport | Reynard | Ford Cosworth | 41 | Giovanna Amati | All |
| | | | 42 | Dave Coyne | 7 |
| **Sources:** | | | | | |

## Calendar

| Round | Circuit | Date | Laps | Distance | Time | Speed | Pole Position | Fastest Lap | Winner |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | ACI Vallelunga Circuit | 14 April | 60 | 3.2=192.0 km | 1'06:05.153 | 174.318 km/h | Christian Fittipaldi | Alessandro Zanardi | Alessandro Zanardi |
| 2 | Pau Grand Prix | 19 May | 73 | 2.76=201.48 km | 1'26:31.24 | 137.807 km/h | Alessandro Zanardi | Andrea Montermini | Jean-Marc Gounon |
| 3 | Circuito de Jerez | 9 June | 48 | 4.2179=202.459 km | 1'18:15.69 | 155.221 km/h | Christian Fittipaldi | Christian Fittipaldi | Christian Fittipaldi |
| 4 | Mugello Circuit | 23 June | 38 | 5.245=199.31 km | 1'03:08.380 | 189.399 km/h | Alessandro Zanardi | Alessandro Zanardi | Alessandro Zanardi |
| 5 | Autodromo di Pergusa | 7 July | 40 | 4.95=198.0 km | 0'59:34.254 | 199.426 km/h | Emanuele Naspetti | Jean-Marc Gounon | Emanuele Naspetti |
| 6 | Hockenheimring | 27 July | 29 | 6.801=197.229 km | 0'57:19.217 | 206.480 km/h | Andrea Montermini | Andrea Montermini | Emanuele Naspetti |
| 7 | Brands Hatch | 18 August | 48 | 4.1846=200.861 km | 1'00:26.28 | 199.40 km/h | Alessandro Zanardi | Emanuele Naspetti | Emanuele Naspetti |
| 8 | Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps | 24 August | 29 | 6.94=201.26 km | 1'03:09.82 | 191.180 km/h | Laurent Aïello | Emanuele Naspetti | Emanuele Naspetti |
| 9 | Bugatti Circuit | 22 September | 45 | 4.426=199.170 km | 1'24:09.87 | 142.114 km/h | Christian Fittipaldi | Antonio Tamburini | Antonio Tamburini |
| 10 | Circuit Paul Armagnac | 6 October | 55 | 3.636=199.980 km | 1'14:26.15 | 161.196 km/h | Christian Fittipaldi | Alessandro Zanardi | Christian Fittipaldi |
| **Source:** | | | | | | | | | | |

## Final points standings

### Driver

For every race points were awarded: 9 points to the winner, 6 for runner-up, 4 for third place, 3 for fourth place, 2 for fifth place and 1 for sixth place. No additional points were awarded.

| Pos | Driver | VLL
 | PAU
 | JER
 | MUG
 | PER
 | HOC
 | BRH
 | SPA
 | BUG
 | NOG
 | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Christian Fittipaldi | **2** | 2 | ***1*** | 3 | Ret | 4 | 3 | Ret | **2** | **1** | 47 |
| 2 | Alessandro Zanardi | *1* | **Ret** | 2 | ***1*** | Ret | Ret | **2** | 2 | Ret | *2* | 42 |
| 3 | Emanuele Naspetti | 10 | 9 | DNQ | DNS | **1** | 1 | *1* | *1* | Ret | 6 | 37 |
| 4 | Antonio Tamburini | 3 | 10 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 5 | Ret | *1* | Ret | 22 |
| 5 | Marco Apicella | Ret | 4 | Ret | 2 | 2 | Ret | 4 | Ret | Ret | 11 | 18 |
| 6 | Jean-Marc Gounon | DNQ | 1 | 6 | 10 | *6* | 5 | Ret | 7 | Ret | Ret | 13 |
| 7 | Damon Hill | 4 | Ret | 8 | Ret | 11 | Ret | 6 | Ret | 4 | 3 | 11 |
| 8 | Vincenzo Sospiri | Ret | DNQ | 15 | 4 | Ret | 2 | 16 | 10 | Ret | 13 | 9 |
| 9 | Éric Hélary | 11 | 3 | Ret | 16† |  |  | 15 | 4 | Ret | 5 | 9 |
| 10 | Andrea Montermini | Ret | *Ret* | 3 | 11 | 10 | ***Ret*** | 10 | Ret | 3 | Ret | 8 |
| 11 | Giuseppe Bugatti | 5 | Ret | Ret | Ret | 3 | Ret | Ret | 16 | Ret | 7 | 6 |
| 12 | Karl Wendlinger |  |  | 5 |  | Ret | 3 |  | Ret | Ret |  | 6 |
| 13 | Fabrizio Giovanardi | 12 | 5 | DNQ | 8 | Ret | 13† | 8 | 6 | DNS | 4 | 6 |
| 14 | Heinz-Harald Frentzen | Ret | Ret | 12 | 6 | 5 | DNQ | 12 | 5 | Ret | Ret | 5 |
| 15 | Laurent Aïello | Ret | DNS | 7 | Ret | Ret | 7 | 9 | **3** | Ret | Ret | 4 |
| 16 | Allan McNish | DNQ | 13 | DNQ | 5 | 8 | Ret | Ret | 8 | Ret | 8 | 2 |
| 17 | Philippe Gache | DNQ | 12 | 10 | Ret | 9 | Ret | 11 | 9 | 5 | Ret | 2 |
| 18 | Alain Menu | 6 | 6 | 18 | 12 | Ret | DNS |  |  |  |  | 2 |
| 19 | Gabriel Furlán | 9 | DNQ | Ret | Ret | 7 | 8 | Ret | Ret | 6 | Ret | 1 |
| 20 | David Brabham | 7 | 7 | 11 | 9 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |
| 21 | Paul Stewart | Ret | DNQ | 16 | DNQ | 12 | Ret | 7 | 14 | 8 | 9 | 0 |
| 22 | Giovanna Amati | DNQ | Ret | DNQ | 14† | Ret | 9 | 19 | DNQ | 7 | Ret | 0 |
| 23 | Roberto Colciago | 8 | 11 | DNQ | Ret | Ret | DNQ | 18 | 17 | Ret | Ret | 0 |
| 24 | Michael Bartels | DNQ | 8 | Ret | 15 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |
| 25 | Andrea Chiesa | Ret | Ret | 9 | DNQ | Ret | 10 | 14 | 13 |  |  | 0 |
| 26 | Paolo Delle Piane | Ret | DNQ | 17 | Ret | DNQ | Ret | Ret | 15 | 9 | Ret | 0 |
| 27 | David Velay |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10 | 0 |
| 28 | Peter Zakowski |  |  |  |  |  | DNQ | Ret | 11 |  |  | 0 |
| 29 | Andrew Gilbert-Scott |  |  |  |  | DNQ | 11 |  |  |  |  | 0 |
| 30 | Paul Belmondo | 14 | Ret | 14 | 13 | Ret | Ret | DNQ | 12 | Ret | Ret | 0 |
| 31 | Giovanni Lavaggi | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ | Ret | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ | 12 | 0 |
| 32 | Fabiano Vandone | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ | 12 | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ |  | 0 |
| 33 | Giovanni Bonanno | Ret |  | 13 | Ret | DNQ | Ret | 17 | Ret | DNQ |  | 0 |
| 34 | Vittorio Zoboli | Ret | DNQ | Ret | DNQ | Ret | DNQ | 13 | Ret |  |  | 0 |
| 35 | Fabrizio Barbazza | 13 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |
| 36 | Felice Tedeschi | 15 | DNQ | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | DNQ | DNQ |  |  | 0 |
|  | Emmanuel Collard |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ret | Ret |  |
|  | Jean-Denis Délétraz | DNS | DNQ | Ret |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Massimo Monti |  | DNQ |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ret |  |  |
|  | Dave Coyne |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ret |  |  |  |  |
|  | Max Angelelli |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ret |  |  |
|  | Fernando Plata | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Thierry Delubac | DNQ | DNQ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Simon Kane |  |  |  |  |  | DNQ | DNQ |  |  |  |  |
|  | Pascal Witmeur |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DNQ |  |  |  |
| **Sources:** | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Complete Overview

| first column of every race | 10 | = grid position |
| --- | --- | --- |

| second column of every race | 10 | = race result |
| --- | --- | --- |

**R16**=retired, but classified **R**=retired **NS**=did not start **NQ**=did not qualify

| **Place** | **Name** | **Team** | **Chassis** | **Engine** | VLL
 | | PAU
 | | JER
 | | MUG
 | | PER
 | | HOC
 | | BRH
 | | SPA
 | | BUG
 | | NOG
 | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Christian Fittipaldi | Pacific Racing | Reynard | Mugen Honda | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 7 | R | 9 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 6 | R | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | Alessandro Zanardi | Il Barone Rampante | Reynard | Mugen Honda | 2 | 1 | 1 | R | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | R | 4 | R | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | R | 2 | 2 |
| 3 | Emanuele Naspetti | Forti Corse | Lola | Ford Cosworth | 16 | 10 | 15 | 9 | 29 | NQ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | | | Reynard | Ford Cosworth |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8 | NS | 1 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 6 | R | 14 | 6 |
| 4 | Antonio Tamburini | Pacific Racing | Reynard | Mugen Honda | 4 | 3 | 13 | 10 | 3 | 4 | 9 | 7 | 14 | 4 | 10 | 6 | 10 | 5 | 19 | R | 2 | 1 | 13 | R |
| 5 | Marco Apicella | Paul Stewart Racing | Lola | Mugen Honda | 19 | R | 6 | 4 | 9 | R | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 13 | R | 2 | 4 | 15 | R | 12 | R | 18 | 11 |
| 6 | Jean-Marc Gounon | 3001 International | Ralt | Ford Cosworth | 30 | NQ | 3 | 1 | 7 | 6 | 25 | 10 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 16 | R | 10 | 7 | 13 | R | 12 | R |
| 7 | Damon Hill | Jordan Racing | Lola | Ford Cosworth | 9 | 4 | 10 | R | 15 | 8 | 6 | R | 9 | 11 | 7 | R | 4 | 6 | 13 | R | 10 | 4 |  |  |
| | | | Reynard | Ford Cosworth |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3 | 3 |
| 8 | Vincenzo Sospiri | Jordan Racing | Lola | Ford Cosworth | 10 | R | 25 | NQ | 19 | 15 | 5 | 4 | 15 | R | 5 | 2 | 8 | 16 | 18 | 10 | 14 | R | 20 | 13 |
|  | Éric Hélary | First Racing | Reynard | Ford Cosworth | 14 | 11 | 7 | 3 | 16 | R | 17 | R16 | - | - | - | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | | CoBra Motorsports | Reynard | Ford Cosworth |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 21 | 15 | 5 | 4 | 19 | R | 11 | 5 |
| 10 | Andrea Montermini | 3001 International | Ralt | Ford Cosworth | 17 | R | 2 | R | 4 | 3 | 21 | 11 | 6 | 10 | 1 | R | 17 | 10 | 8 | R | 16 | 3 | 8 | R |
| 11 | Giuseppe Bugatti | Il Barone Rampante | Reynard | Mugen Honda | 7 | 5 | 20 | R | 8 | R | 2 | R | 5 | 3 | 21 | R | 5 | R | 12 | 16 | 8 | R | 5 | 7 |
|  | Karl Wendlinger | RSM Marko | Reynard | Ford Cosworth | - | - | - | - | 5 | 5 | - | - | 8 | R | 2 | 3 | - | - | 4 | R | 5 | R | - | - |
|  | Fabrizio Giovanardi | Forti Corse | Lola | Ford Cosworth | 23 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 28 | NQ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | | | Reynard | Ford Cosworth |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15 | 8 | 20 | R | 15 | R13 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 6 | 26 | NS | 7 | 4 |
| 14 | Heinz-Harald Frentzen | Vortex | Lola | Mugen Honda | 6 | R | 5 | R | 21 | 12 | 7 | 6 | 10 | 5 | 32 | NQ | 22 | 12 | 7 | 5 | 22 | R | 9 | R |
| 15 | Laurent Aïello | DAMS | Lola | Mugen Honda | 3 | R | 14 | NS | 6 | 7 | 10 | R | 13 | R | 17 | 7 | 13 | 9 | 1 | 3 | 4 | R | 6 | R |
| 16 | Alain Menu | CoBRa Motorsports | Reynard | Ford Cosworth | 5 | 6 | 12 | 6 | 12 | 18 | 16 | 12 | 12 | R | 12 | NS | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
|  | Allan McNish | DAMS | Lola | Mugen Honda | 34 | NQ | 19 | 13 | 27 | NQ | 12 | 5 | 21 | 8 | 6 | R | 11 | R | 11 | 8 | 11 | R | 17 | 8 |
|  | Philippe Gache | Galaxy Racing | Lola | Ford Cosworth | 29 | NQ | 22 | 12 | 18 | 10 | 19 | R | 26 | 9 | 20 | R | 15 | 11 | 23 | 9 | 20 | 5 |  |  |
| | | Crypton Engineering | Reynard | Ford Cosworth |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4 | R |
| 19 | Gabriel Furlán | Junior Team | Reynard | Judd | 13 | 9 | 28 | NQ | 20 | R | 24 | R | 19 | 7 | 24 | 8 | 12 | R | 17 | R | 18 | 6 | 16 | R |
| - | David Brabham | Roni Team/Team Ralt | Ralt | Ford Cosworth | 8 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 22 | 11 | 13 | 9 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| - | Paul Stewart | Paul Stewart Racing | Lola | Mugen Honda | 24 | R | 23 | NQ | 24 | 16 | 28 | NQ | 24 | 12 | 18 | R | 9 | 7 | 16 | 14 | 17 | 8 | 21 | 9 |
| - | Giovanna Amati | GJ Motorsports | Reynard | Ford Cosworth | 28 | NQ | 21 | R | 31 | NQ | 23 | R14 | 18 | R | 11 | 9 | 19 | 19 | 28 | NQ | 25 | 7 | 22 | R |
| - | Roberto Colciago | Crypton Engineering | Reynard | Ford Cosworth | 11 | 8 | 18 | 11 | 34 | NQ | 22 | R | 17 | R | 27 | NQ | 20 | 18 | 21 | 17 | 9 | R | 10 | R |
| - | Michael Bartels | GA Motorsports | Ralt | Ford Cosworth | 32 | NQ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | | First Racing | Reynard | Ford Cosworth |  |  | 11 | 8 | 10 | R | 14 | 15 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| - | Andrea Chiesa | Apomatox | Reynard | Ford Cosworth | 20 | R | 17 | R | 11 | 9 | 30 | NQ | 11 | R | 16 | 10 | 24 | 14 | 22 | 13 | - | - | - | - |
| - | Paolo Delle Piane | CoBRaMotorsports | Reynard | Ford Cosworth | 12 | R | 31 | NQ | 26 | 17 | 26 | R | 30 | NQ | 22 | R | 23 | R | 26 | 15 | 23 | 9 | 19 | R |
| - | David Velay | Galaxy Racing | Lola | Ford Cosworth | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 24 | 10 |
| - | Peter Zakowski | Crypton Engineering | Reynard | Ford Cosworth | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 29 | NQ | 25 | R | 25 | 11 | - | - | - | - |
| - | Andrew Gilbert-Scott | Roni Team/Team Ralt | Ralt | Ford Cosworth | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 28 | NQ | 26 | 11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| - | Paul Belmondo | Apomatox | Reynard | Ford Cosworth | 25 | 14 | 16 | R | 25 | 14 | 11 | 13 | 16 | R | 14 | R | 27 | NQ | 20 | 12 | 15 | R | 23 | R |
| - | Giovanni Lavaggi | Crypton Engineering | Reynard | Ford Cosworth | 27 | NQ | 32 | NQ | 32 | NQ | 29 | NQ | 23 | R |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | | Roni Team/Team Ralt | Ralt | Ford Cosworth |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 30 | NQ | 28 | NQ | 27 | NQ | 27 | NQ | 25 | 12 |
| - | Fabiano Vandone | Motor Racing Di-Wheels | Leyton House | Judd | 31 | NQ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | | | Leyton House | Ford Cosworth |  |  | 34 | NQ | 33 | NQ | 32 | NQ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | | | Ralt | Ford Cosworth |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 29 | NQ | 23 | 12 | 30 | NQ | 30 | NQ | 28 | NQ | - | - |
| - | Giovanni Bonanno | First Racing | Reynard | Ford Cosworth | 22 | R | - | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | | BG F3000 | Reynard | Mugen Honda |  |  |  |  | 23 | 13 | 20 | R | 27 | NQ | 25 | R | 26 | 17 | 14 | R | 29 | NQ | - | - |
| - | Vittorio Zoboli | Junior Team | Reynard | Judd | 26 | R | 27 | NQ | 17 | R | 27 | NQ | 22 | R | 28 | NQ | 18 | 13 | 24 | R | - | - | - | - |
| - | Fabrizio Barbazza | Crypton Engineering | Reynard | Ford Cosworth | 18 | 13 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| - | Felice Tedeschi | Pavesi Racing | Reynard | Mugen Honda | 21 | 15 | 30 | NQ | 14 | R | 18 | R | 25 | R | 19 | R | 29 | NQ | 29 | NQ | - | - | - | - |
| - | Emmanuel Collard | Apomatox | Reynard | Ford Cosworth | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 7 | R | 15 | R |
| - | Jean-Denis Délétraz | First Racing | Reynard | Ford Cosworth | 15 | NS | 24 | NQ | 13 | R | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| - | Massimo Monti | GA Motorsports | Ralt | Ford Cosworth | - | - | 29 | NQ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |  |  |  |  |
| | | Junior Team | Reynard | Judd |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 21 | R | - | - |
| - | Dave Coyne | GJ Motorsports | Reynard | Ford Cosworth | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14 | R | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| - | Max Angelelli | Pavesi Racing | Reynard | Mugen Honda | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 24 | R | - | - |
| - | Fernando Plata | Roni Team/Team Ralt | Ralt | Ford Cosworth | 35 | NQ | 33 | NQ | 30 | NQ | 31 | NQ | 31 | NQ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| - | Thierry Delubac | GA Motorsports | Ralt | Ford Cosworth | 33 | NQ | 26 | NQ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| - | Simon Kane | Motor Racing Di-Wheels | Leyton House | Ford Cosworth | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 31 | NQ | 31 | NQ | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| - | Pascal Witmeur | Crypton Engineering | Reynard | Ford Cosworth | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 31 | NQ | - | - | - | - |
|


title: Negre (band)

abstract: Negre were a Montenegrin girl band, consisting of Jelena Kažanegra, Milena Vučić and Nina Žižić. They competed in the Serbo-Montenegrin Eurovision Song Contest preselection Evropesma 2004 in Belgrade, where they won the 3rd place. Later that year they won the 3rd place on Sunčane Skale Festival in Montenegro. Soon after that, Nina Žižić left the band. She was temporary replaced by Marija Brajović, but the band soon fell apart. All of the former members are now successful solo artists in Montenegro.

text:
# Negre (band)

**Negre** were a Montenegrin girl band, consisting of Jelena Kažanegra, Milena Vučić and Nina Žižić. They competed in the Serbo-Montenegrin Eurovision Song Contest preselection Evropesma 2004 in Belgrade, where they won the 3rd place. Later that year they won the 3rd place on Sunčane Skale Festival in Montenegro. Soon after that, Nina Žižić left the band. She was temporary replaced by Marija Brajović, but the band soon fell apart. All of the former members are now successful solo artists in Montenegro.


title: WCRS-LP

abstract: WCRS-LP is a North American community radio station in Columbus, Ohio, area. It broadcasts 24 hours a day, seven days a week and has an online stream available 24/7. WCRS-LP broadcasts on 92.7 and on translator station W252AY 98.3 FM in most of Franklin County, licensed to Marble Cliff. WCRS-LP is owned by The Neighborhood Network and is affiliated with the Pacifica Radio Network. The station is a not-for-profit, volunteer, non-commercial, low power community radio station which plays death metal and French electronica. The station was assigned the WCRS-LP call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on March 30, 2006. Among the programs on WCRS-LP are Democracy Now!, Street Fight Radio, and English, French, Somali, and Spanish-language public affairs programs.

text:
# WCRS-LP

**WCRS-LP** is a North American community radio station in Columbus, Ohio, area. It broadcasts 24 hours a day, seven days a week and has an online stream available 24/7. WCRS-LP broadcasts on 92.7 and on translator station **W252AY** 98.3 FM in most of Franklin County, licensed to Marble Cliff. WCRS-LP is owned by The Neighborhood Network and is affiliated with the Pacifica Radio Network.

The station is a not-for-profit, volunteer, non-commercial, low power community radio station which plays death metal and French electronica.

The station was assigned the WCRS-LP call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on March 30, 2006.

Among the programs on WCRS-LP are *Democracy Now!*, *Street Fight Radio*, and English, French, Somali, and Spanish-language public affairs programs.

## History

* June 2007: WCRS-LP begins operations and returning community radio to Central Ohio.
* August 2008: FCC approves expansion of hours from 5 daily to 13 daily.
* October 1, 2008: WCRS-LP begins 13 hours of daily broadcast with a crew of 45 volunteers.
* January 1, 2009: WCRS-LP begins 24/7 web streaming of both its on-air broadcast and web-only content.
* January 23, 2017: station changes its call sign to the current WCRM-LP
* August 2017: station transfer 102.1 frequency to Pri-Value Foundation and resumes broadcasting at 92.7 with WCRS-LP call-sign.
* December 2017: station resumes broadcasting of 98.3

## InfoBox

WCRS-LP
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 92.7 MHz |
| Programming | |
| Format | Community |
| Affiliations | Pacifica Radio Network |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | The Neighborhood Network |
| History | |
| First air date | June 29, 2007 |
| Former call signs | WCRM-LP (2016–2017) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 132329 |
| Class | L1 |
| ERP | 54 watts |
| HAAT | 40.6 meters (133 feet) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 40°03′48″N 82°53′45″W / 40.06333°N 82.89583°W / 40.06333; -82.89583 |
| Translator(s) | 98.3 MHz W252AY (Marble Cliff) |
| Links | |
| Public license information | LMS |
| Website | wcrsfm.org |


abstract: The United States House Appropriations Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies is a Congressional subcommittee of the United States House Committee on Appropriations. The United States House Committee on Appropriations has joint jurisdiction with the United States Senate Committee on Appropriations over all appropriations bills in the United States Congress. Each committee has 12 matching subcommittees, each of which is tasked with working on one of the twelve annual regular appropriations bills. This subcommittee has jurisdiction over the budget for the United States Department of Transportation and the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. It is currently Chaired by Republican Tom Cole of Oklahoma, and its Ranking Member is Democrat Mike Quigley of Illinois.

text:
# United States House Appropriations Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies

The **United States House Appropriations Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies** (THUD, informally) is a Congressional subcommittee of the United States House Committee on Appropriations. The United States House Committee on Appropriations has joint jurisdiction with the United States Senate Committee on Appropriations over all appropriations bills in the United States Congress. Each committee has 12 matching subcommittees, each of which is tasked with working on one of the twelve annual regular appropriations bills. This subcommittee has jurisdiction over the budget for the United States Department of Transportation and the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development.

It is currently Chaired by Republican Tom Cole of Oklahoma, and its Ranking Member is Democrat Mike Quigley of Illinois.

## Appropriations process

Traditionally, after a federal budget for the upcoming fiscal year has been passed, the appropriations subcommittees receive information about what the budget sets as their spending ceilings. This is called "302(b) allocations" after section 302(b) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974. That amount is separated into smaller amounts for each of the twelve Subcommittees. The federal budget does not become law and is not signed by the President. Instead, it is guide for the House and the Senate in making appropriations and tax decisions. However, no budget is required and each chamber has procedures in place for what to do without one. The House and Senate now consider appropriations bills simultaneously, although originally the House went first. The House Committee on Appropriations usually reports the appropriations bills in May and June and the Senate in June. Any differences between appropriations bills passed by the House and the Senate are resolved in the fall.

## Appropriations bills

An appropriations bill is a bill that appropriates (gives to, sets aside for) money to specific federal government departments, agencies, and programs. The money provides funding for operations, personnel, equipment, and activities. Regular appropriations bills are passed annually, with the funding they provide covering one fiscal year. The *fiscal year* is the accounting period of the federal government, which runs from October 1 to September 30 of the following year.

There are three types of appropriations bills: regular appropriations bills, continuing resolutions, and supplemental appropriations bills. Regular appropriations bills are the twelve standard bills that cover the funding for the federal government for one fiscal year and that are supposed to be enacted into law by October 1. If Congress has not enacted the regular appropriations bills by the time, it can pass a continuing resolution, which continues the pre-existing appropriations at the same levels as the previous fiscal year (or with minor modifications) for a set amount of time. The third type of appropriations bills are supplemental appropriations bills, which add additional funding above and beyond what was originally appropriated at the beginning of the fiscal year. Supplemental appropriations bills can be used for things like disaster relief.

Appropriations bills are one part of a larger United States budget and spending process. They are preceded in that process by the president's budget proposal, congressional budget resolutions, and the 302(b) allocation. Article One of the United States Constitution, section 9, clause 7, states that "No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law..." This is what gives Congress the power to make these appropriations. The President, however, still has the power to veto appropriations bills.

## Jurisdiction

This subcommittee has jurisdiction funding for the Department of Housing and Urban Development and the Department of Transportation. It also oversees funding for the Federal Housing Administration and economic and community development programs, such as Community Development Block Grants. Specific agencies under its jurisdiction are the Federal Aviation Administration, the National Transportation Safety Board, the Surface Transportation Board, and the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority.

## Members, 118th Congress

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## Historical membership rosters

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### 116th Congress

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### 117th Congress

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abstract: House Armed Services Subcommittee on Military Personnel is a subcommittee of the House Armed Services Committee in the United States House of Representatives. It is currently Chaired by Republican Jim Banks of Indiana and its Ranking Member is Democrat Andy Kim of New Jersey.

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# United States House Armed Services Subcommittee on Military Personnel

**House Armed Services Subcommittee on Military Personnel** is a subcommittee of the House Armed Services Committee in the United States House of Representatives.

It is currently Chaired by Republican Jim Banks of Indiana and its Ranking Member is Democrat Andy Kim of New Jersey.

## Jurisdiction

The Military Personnel Subcommittee exercises oversight and legislative jurisdiction over:

1. Military personnel policy
2. Reserve component integration and employment issues
3. Military health care
4. Military education
5. POW/MIA issues
6. Morale, Welfare and Recreation issues and programs

## Members, 118th Congress

| Majority | Minority |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |
| *Ex officio* | |
|  |  |

## Historical membership rosters

### 115th Congress

| Majority | Minority |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |
| *Ex officio* | |
|  |  |

### 116th Congress

| Majority | Minority |
| --- | --- |
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| *Ex officio* | |
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### 117th Congress

| Majority | Minority |
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U.S. Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Personnel


title: United States v. Batchelder

abstract: United States v. Batchelder, 442 U.S. 114 (1979), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that, where two statutes criminalize the same act and those statutes have different maximum penalties, the maximum penalty of the statute the prosecutor chose to charge under applies.

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# United States v. Batchelder

***United States v. Batchelder***, 442 U.S. 114 (1979), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that, where two statutes criminalize the same act and those statutes have different maximum penalties, the maximum penalty of the statute the prosecutor chose to charge under applies.

## Description

The case stands for the principle that a single act can violate more than one statute, and the prosecutor has discretion over which statute to charge under regardless of the potential consequences for the defendant. Justice Thurgood Marshall wrote for the unanimous court.

Two sections of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 criminalized possession of a firearm by a felon. One section prescribed a five-year maximum sentence, and the other prescribed two years. The defendant was convicted under the section authorizing five years. When the defendant objected to the disparity on appeal, the lower court applied the rule of lenity and held that the two-year maximum ought to have applied. The Supreme Court overturned that court and said the rule of lenity did not apply because neither of the individual sections were ambiguous. The prosecutor charged the defendant under the section where the maximum penalty was five years; therefore, the maximum sentence was five years.

* Text of *United States v. Batchelder*, 442 U.S. 114 (1979) is available from: Cornell  Findlaw  Justia

## InfoBox

| United States v. Batchelder | |
| --- | --- |
| Supreme Court of the United States | |
| Decided June 4, 1979 | |
| Full case name | *United States v. Batchelder* |
| Citations | 442 U.S. 114 (*more*) |
| Holding | |
| Where two statutes criminalize the same act and those statutes have different maximum penalties, the maximum penalty of the statute the prosecutor chose to charge under applies. | |
| Court membership | |
| Chief Justice Warren E. Burger  Associate Justices William J. Brennan Jr. **·**  Potter Stewart
Byron White **·**  Thurgood Marshall
Harry Blackmun **·**  Lewis F. Powell Jr.
William Rehnquist **·**  John P. Stevens | |
| Case opinion | |
| Majority | Marshall, joined by *unanimous* |
| Laws applied | |
| Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 | |


title: Mantispinae

abstract: Mantispinae is a subfamily of mantidflies in the family Mantispidae. There are at least 30 genera and 310 described species in Mantispinae.

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# Mantispinae

**Mantispinae** is a subfamily of mantidflies in the family Mantispidae. There are at least 30 genera and 310 described species in Mantispinae.

## Genera

These 33 genera belong to the subfamily Mantispinae:

Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Mantispinae | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Campion* sp. | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Neuroptera |
| Family: | Mantispidae |
| Subfamily: | Mantispinae<br>Leach, 1815 |
|


title: Marcel Tremblay (ice hockey)

abstract: Marcel Bernard Tremblay was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. He played 10 games in the National Hockey League for the Montreal Canadiens during the 1938–39 season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1936 to 1942, was spent in the minor leagues.

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# Marcel Tremblay (ice hockey)

**Marcel Bernard Tremblay** (July 4, 1915 – March 20, 1980) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. He played 10 games in the National Hockey League for the Montreal Canadiens during the 1938–39 season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1936 to 1942, was spent in the minor leagues.

## Biography

Tremblay had played for several years with the senior Flin Flon Bombers when he signed with the Montreal Canadiens organization in 1938. He was assigned to the New Haven Eagles, but played ten games for the Canadiens that season. He returned to New Haven and played with the team until 1942 when a fractured skull ended his season. Tremblay enlisted in the military and did not play professionally again.

He died on March 20, 1980, in Mobile, Alabama, and is buried there.

## Career statistics

### Regular season and playoffs

|  | | |  | Regular season | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP |  |  | Pts | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1932–33 | Winnipeg Monarchs | WDJHL | | 10 | 8 | 1 | 9 | 2 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1933–34 | Winnipeg Blues | MJHL | | 14 | 6 | 4 | 10 | 2 | | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 1936–37 | Flin Flon Bombers | SSHL | | 16 | 11 | 5 | 16 | 14 | | 6 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 2 |
| 1937–38 | Flin Flon Bombers | SSHL | | 19 | 19 | 10 | 29 | 22 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1938–39 | Montreal Canadiens | NHL | | 10 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1938–39 | New Haven Eagles | IAHL | | 26 | 5 | 13 | 18 | 6 | | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| 1939–40 | New Haven Eagles | IAHL | | 51 | 23 | 24 | 47 | 23 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1940–41 | New Haven Eagles | AHL | | 48 | 11 | 18 | 29 | 24 | | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1941–42 | New Haven Eagles | AHL | | 20 | 7 | 5 | 12 | 18 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1944–45 | Montreal Army | MCHL | | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| IAHL/AHL totals | | | | 145 | 46 | 60 | 106 | 71 | | 5 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| NHL totals | | | | 10 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |

## InfoBox

| Marcel Tremblay | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born | (1915-07-04)July 4, 1915
Saint Boniface, Manitoba, Canada | | |
| Died | March 20, 1980(1980-03-20) (aged 64)
Mobile, Alabama, US | | |
| Height | 5 ft 8 in (173 cm) | | |
| Weight | 165 lb (75 kg; 11 st 11 lb) | | |
| Position | Right Wing | | |
| Shot | Right | | |
| Played for | Montreal Canadiens | | |
| Playing career | 19361942 | | |


title: Marcel Tournier

abstract: Marcel Lucien Tournier was a French harpist, composer, and teacher who composed important solo repertory for the harp that expanded the technical and harmonic possibilities of the instrument. His works are regularly performed in concert and recorded by professional harpists, and they are often test pieces for harp-performance competitions. A student of Alphonse Hasselmans at the Paris Conservatory, Tournier won the Second Grand Prize of the Prix de Rome in 1909. He also won the Rossini Prize for Laura et Petrarch. Tournier succeeded his teacher as professor of harp in 1912, holding that position until 1948, training two generations of harpists from France, the United States, other European countries, and Japan. Tournier composed several dozen solos for harp, a number of chamber works that feature the harp prominently, and a few works for piano and for orchestra. Notable students include American harpist and educator Eileen Malone.

text:
# Marcel Tournier

**Marcel Lucien Tournier** (January 5, 1879 – May 8, 1951) was a French harpist, composer, and teacher who composed important solo repertory for the harp that expanded the technical and harmonic possibilities of the instrument. His works are regularly performed in concert and recorded by professional harpists, and they are often test pieces for harp-performance competitions. A student of Alphonse Hasselmans at the Paris Conservatory, Tournier won the Second Grand Prize of the Prix de Rome in 1909. He also won the Rossini Prize for *Laura et Petrarch*.

Tournier succeeded his teacher as professor of harp in 1912, holding that position until 1948, training two generations of harpists from France, the United States, other European countries, and Japan. Tournier composed several dozen solos for harp, a number of chamber works that feature the harp prominently, and a few works for piano and for orchestra. Notable students include American harpist and educator Eileen Malone.

## Family life

Born to a family of five brothers and two sisters, Tournier grew up around music. His father, Joseph Alexis Tournier (1842–1920), was a string instrument maker and required all of his sons to play an instrument. Tournier started young and soon became very proficient and entered the Paris Conservatoire at age 16.

His wife, Renée Lénars-Tournier (1889–1971), was professor of chromatic harp at the Paris Conservatory from 1912 to 1933. They were married in 1922.

## Works

**Harp solo**

* *Quatre Suites* (1897)
* *Quatre Préludes*, Op. 16 (1903)
* *Féerie: Prélude et danse* (1912)
* *Air à danser*. Petite pièce brève et facile (1913)
* *Berceuse*. Petite pièce brève et facile (1913)
* *Au Matin*. Étude de Concert (1913)
* *Quatre Préludes* (1917)
* *Vers la source dans le bois* (1921)
* *Trois Images*, suite 1, op. 29 (1925)
* *Sonatine*, Op. 30 (1924)
* *Six Noëls*, Op. 32 (1926)
* *Jazz-band*, Op. 33 (1926)
* *Trois Images*, suite 2, Op. 35 (1930)
* *Berceuse russe* (1932)
* *Scherzo romantique*, Op. 38 (1932)
* *Pièces nègres*, Op. 41 (1935)
* *Encore une boîte à musique*, Op. 43 (1935)

* *Pastels du vieux Japon*, Op. 47 (1948)
* *Au hasard des ondes*, Op. 50 (1953)

**Piano solo**

* *Cortège* (1912)
* *Deux Esquisses* (1914)
* *Du côté de la mer*, Op. 26 (c.1925)
* *Deuxième valse*, Op. 27 (c.1925)

**Violin and piano** (or harp)

* *Chanson folle*, Op. 18 (1903)
* *Deux Préludes romantiques*, Op. 17 (1909)
* *Sérénade* (1911)
* *Promenade à l'automne* (1912) (also designated for cello and harp)

**Chamber music**

* *Suite* (1929) for flute, violin, viola, cello, harp or piano


title: Marbella International Film Festival

abstract: The Marbella International Film Festival has been held in Marbella on the Costa del Sol in Spain since 2006. It provides a venue for encouraging artists from all parts of the world. The festival was started by the New World Trust, a non-profit organization. The festival includes an "Art at the Fringe" program where artists in other media may display their work, including sculpture, photographs, fashion, jewelry and performance arts. The festival director is Mac Chakaveh

text:
# Marbella International Film Festival

The **Marbella International Film Festival** has been held in Marbella on the Costa del Sol in Spain since 2006. It provides a venue for encouraging artists from all parts of the world.

The festival was started by the New World Trust, a non-profit organization.

The festival includes an "Art at the Fringe" program where artists in other media may display their work, including sculpture, photographs, fashion, jewelry and performance arts.

The festival director is Mac Chakaveh

## Awardees and selections

The award is given each year for significant movies and people in a variety of categories. Selected movies are each year some less out of several hundred applications.

### 2023

* Selected short Annie Pannie
* Selected short Starship Troopers Deadlock
* Selected short Dragunov

### 2022

* Secrets as best feature
* 25 Years of UK Garage as best documentary
* Pouchka as best short film

Official website

## InfoBox

Marbella International Film Festival
| Location | Marbella, Spain |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 2006 |
| Language | International |
| Website | www.marbellafilmfestival.com |


abstract: The University College of Engineering Tindivanam (UCET) is part of Anna University Chennai. It was founded in 2018 and was inaugurated by Dr M. Karunanithi, the then-honorable Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, on September 1, 2008. University College of Engineering Tindivanam is a constituent college of Anna University Chennai (AUC). The first-year classes for the Engineering students were initiated on September 8, 2008, in the presence of Dr. K. Ponmudy, Honorable Minister of Higher Education, Tamil Nadu, and Dr. R. Raju, Special Officer of UCET. It is proposed that the Regional Research Centre at UCET be started.

text:
# University College of Engineering Tindivanam

The **University College of Engineering Tindivanam** (**UCET**) is part of Anna University Chennai. It was founded in 2018 and was inaugurated by Dr M. Karunanithi, the then-honorable Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, on September 1, 2008. University College of Engineering Tindivanam is a constituent college of Anna University Chennai (AUC). The first-year classes for the Engineering students were initiated on September 8, 2008, in the presence of Dr. K. Ponmudy, Honorable Minister of Higher Education, Tamil Nadu, and Dr. R. Raju, Special Officer of UCET. It is proposed that the Regional Research Centre at UCET be started.

## Departments

UCET was started with four Departments. They are:

1. Department of Civil Engineering,
2. Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
3. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
4. Department of Information Technology.

## InfoBox

University College of Engineering Tindivanam
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Motto in English | Progress through Knowledge |
| Type | public |
| Established | September 15, 2008 (2008-09-15) |
| Affiliation | Anna University, Chennai |
| Dean | Dr.P.THAMIZHAZHAGAN, |
| Location | Tindivanam, Tamil Nadu, India<br>12°15′45″N 79°39′25″E / 12.2625577°N 79.6568653°E / 12.2625577; 79.6568653 |
| Website | www.aucet.in |


abstract: The University College of Management Studies is a private university college in Accra and Kumasi, Ghana. The school is affiliated with the School of Business of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi and the University of Education Winneba, Kumasi Campus.

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# University College of Management Studies

The **University College of Management Studies** is a private university college in Accra and Kumasi, Ghana. The school is affiliated with the School of Business of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi and the University of Education Winneba, Kumasi Campus.

## Establishment

The university was formed from the Institute of Management Studies. The institute was established in 1974 and served as a tutorial school for candidates for professional qualifications in Marketing from the Chartered Institute of Marketing, Accounting from the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants and Purchasing and Supply from the Chartered Institute of Purchasing & Supply.

## Departments

University College of Management Studies has 3 main departments; namely, Accounting, Finance & Marketing, Human Resource Management and Procurement & Supply Chain Management Departments.

### Department of Accounting, Finance & Marketing

This Department offers a first Degree program in the areas of Accounting, Banking & Finance and Marketing.

#### Bsc. Accounting

The program consists of the following courses:

* Financial Accounting I-IV,
* Taxation
* Cost Accounting I & II
* Auditing & Assurance
* International Accounting
* Financial Reporting & Analysis
* Company & Partnership Law
* Management Accounting
* Managerial Economics
* Research Methods

#### Bsc. Banking & Finance

Some of the courses offered under this program include:

* Economics in Banking
* Monetary & Financial Systems
* Business Finance I & II
* Law Relating to Banking
* Investments
* Practice of Banking I & II
* Marketing of Financial Services
* Banking Operations & Ethics
* Managerial Economics
* Finance of International Trade
* Business Ethics
* Managerial Accounting
* Managerial Economics
* Entrepreneurship

#### Bsc. Marketing

Some of the courses offered include:

* Marketing Management
* Marketing of Services
* Marketing Environment
* New Product Development
* Sales Management
* Retail Marketing Management
* Strategic Marketing Management: Planning Control
* Integrated Marketing Communications
* Marketing Research
* Organizational Re-Engineering
* Business Ethics
* Managerial Accounting
* Managerial Economics
* Entrepreneurship

### Department of Human Resource Management

This Department offers the following courses:

* Human Resource Training Development
* Industrial Psychology
* Human Behaviour in Organization
* Appraisal & Performance Management
* Human Resource Information System
* Strategic Human Resource Management
* Labour Economics
* Managerial Economics
* Business Organisation
* Employment Laws & Practice
* Human Resource Management
* Entrepreneurship
* Industrial Relations & Labour Law
* Business Ethics

### Department of Procurement and Supply Chain Management

Courses offered in this Department include:

* Monitoring & Evaluation of Procurement Systems
* Procurement Planning & Budgetary Control I & II
* Research Methods
* Process & Procedures of Public Sector Procurement
* Supply & Material Management
* Business Organization & Process
* Project & Contract Management
* International Management
* Strategic Procurement
* Tactics & Operations in Purchasing & Supply
* Physical Distribution & Transportation
* Legal Aspect of Procurement
* Managerial Economics
* Business Analysis in Procurement
* Logistics Management
* Business Ethics
* Managerial Accounting
* Entrepreneurship

## Accreditation

The university is accredited by the National Accreditation Board in 1998.

## Affiliations

The university in May 2011, was formally affiliated with the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology.

List of universities in Ghana

5°32′48″N 0°20′18″W / 5.5467°N 0.3383°W / 5.5467; -0.3383

## InfoBox

University College of Management Studies
| Type | Private |
| --- | --- |
| Established | 1974 |
| Chairman | Dr. Sazrar Opata |
| Location | Accra, Ghana<br>Kumasi, Ghana |
| Campus | Suburban area |
| Website | UCOMS Website |