title: Oculicosa

abstract: Oculicosa is a genus of spiders in the family Lycosidae. It was first described in 1993 by Zyuzin. As of 2017, it contains only one species, Oculicosa supermirabilis, found in Central Asia.

text:
# Oculicosa

***Oculicosa*** is a genus of spiders in the family Lycosidae. It was first described in 1993 by Zyuzin. As of 2017, it contains only one species, ***Oculicosa supermirabilis***, found in Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan).

## InfoBox

| *Oculicosa* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Oculicosa supermirabilis* on a 1997 stamp of Kazakhstan | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Lycosidae |
| Genus: | *Oculicosa* |
| Species: | ***O. supermirabilis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oculicosa supermirabilis***<br>Zyuzin, 1993 | |
|


title: ZFP91

abstract: Zinc finger protein 91 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZFP91 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the zinc finger family of proteins. The gene product contains C2H2 type domains, which are the classical zinc finger domains found in numerous nucleic acid-binding proteins. In addition to the monocistronic transcript originating from this locus, a co-transcribed variant composed of ZFP91 and CNTF sequence has been identified. The monocistronic and co-transcribed variants encode distinct isoforms. The co-transcription of ZFP91 and CNTF has also been observed in mouse.

text:
# ZFP91

**Zinc finger protein 91 homolog** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *ZFP91* gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the zinc finger family of proteins. The gene product contains C2H2 type domains, which are the classical zinc finger domains found in numerous nucleic acid-binding proteins. In addition to the monocistronic transcript originating from this locus, a co-transcribed variant composed of ZFP91 and CNTF sequence has been identified. The monocistronic and co-transcribed variants encode distinct isoforms. The co-transcription of ZFP91 and CNTF has also been observed in mouse.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| ZFP91 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Available structures  PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | ZFP91, DMS-8, DSM-8, PZF, ZFP-91, ZNF757, FKSG11, ZFP91 zinc finger protein, ZFP91 zinc finger protein, atypical E3 ubiquitin ligase, DSM8 | | |
| External IDs | MGI: 104854; HomoloGene: 43144; GeneCards: ZFP91; OMA:ZFP91 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_053023
NM\_001197051   NM\_053009   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001183980
NP\_444251   NP\_443735   Location (UCSC) Chr 11: 58.58 – 58.62 Mb Chr 19: 12.74 – 12.77 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Vices (Waysted album)

abstract: Vices is the debut studio album by English heavy metal band Waysted, released in October 1983 by Chrysalis Records.

text:
# Vices (Waysted album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Collector's Guide to Heavy Metal* | 10/10 |
| *Metal Forces* | 6/10 |

***Vices*** is the debut studio album by English heavy metal band Waysted, released in October 1983 by Chrysalis Records.

## Track listing

Side one
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Love Loaded" | Pete Way • Ronnie Kayfield • Fin Muir | 3:54 |
| 2. | "Women in Chains" | Kayfield • Muir | 4:20 |
| 3. | "Sleazy" | Paul Raymond • Kayfield • Muir | 4:13 |
| 4. | "Night of the Wolf" | Way | 5:01 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 5. | "Toy with the Passion" | Way • Kayfield • Muir | 4:03 |
| 6. | "Right from the Start" | Way • Muir | 5:34 |
| 7. | "Hot Love" | Way • Muir | 4:22 |
| 8. | "All Belongs to You" | Raymond | 3:33 |
| 9. | "Somebody to Love" (Jefferson Airplane cover) | Darby Slick | 3:03 |
| Total length: | | | 38:03 |

## Personnel

Waysted * Fin Muir - lead vocals
* Ronnie Kayfield - lead guitar, backing vocals
* Paul Raymond \- rhythm guitar, keyboards, backing vocals, mixing
* Pete Way \- bass guitar, mixing
* Frank Noon \- drums

Production

## Charts

| Chart (1983) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 78 |

## InfoBox

| Vices | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Waysted | |
| Released | October 1983 |
| Recorded | May–June 1983 |
| Studio | Moor Hall, Sutton Coldfield, Birmingham, England with the Manor Mobile
Parkgate Studios, Battle, Sussex, UK |
| Genre | Heavy metal |
| Length | 38:03 |
| Label | Chrysalis |
| Producer | Mick Glossop |
| Waysted chronology | |
| ***Vices***
(1983) *Waysted*
(1984) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Vices* | |
| 1. "Women in Chains" / "Can't Take That Love Away"
Released: 1983 | |
|  | |


title: Orthalicoidea

abstract: The Orthalicoidea are a superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the infraorder Orthalicoidei of the suborder Helicina

text:
# Orthalicoidea

The **Orthalicoidea** are a superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the infraorder Orthalicoidei of the suborder Helicina

## Distribution

The Orthalicoidea is a dominant faunal element in the Neotropics, but also has a number of genera with a Gondwanan distribution.

## Taxonomy

### 2005 taxonomy

This taxonomy, as accepted by Bouchet & Rocroi, was based on the study by Nordsieck, published in 1986, and the classification as formulated by Schileyko in 1999. However Bouchet & Rocroi diverged from this classification in uniting the families Bulimulidae and Orthalacidae. They also considered the family Placostylidae as a distinct family from Orthalicidae, and the family Coelociontidae a distinct family from Urocoptidae. However, the position of the families Megaspiridae and Grangerellidae is doubtful.

The following seven families have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):

### 2008 taxonomy

Uit de Weerd moved two families Urocoptidae and Cerionidae to newly established superfamily Urocoptoidea based on molecular phylogeny research in 2008.

### 2009 taxonomy

Family Prestonellidae van Bruggen, 1978 - A study by Herbert and Mitchell, published in 2009, places this enigmatic family, of which the phylogenetic relationships were previously unknown, in the Gondwanan superfamily Orthalicoidea, while it was previously tentatively placed as a synonym of Aillyidae.

### 2010 taxonomy

Breure et al. (2010) moved *Prestonella* and *Bothriembryon* to Placostylidae and they elevated Bulimulinae to Bulimulidae, Odontostomini to Odontostomidae, Amphibuliminae to Amphibulimidae. They also removed Coelociontidae from Orthalicoidea.

### 2012 taxonomy

Breure & Romero (2012) confirmed previous results from 2010, additionally they elevated Simpulopsini to Simpulopsidae, renamed Placostylidae to Bothriembryontidae. Therefore, there are recognized seven extant families and one extinct family within Orthalicoidea:

This article incorporates CC-BY-3.0 text from the reference

## Further reading

* Borrero F. J. & Breure A. S. H. (Submitted). "The Orthalicoidea (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora) from Colombia and adjacent areas: a review of taxonomy and biogeography. 1. *Dryptus* Albers, 1860 and *Plekocheilus* Guilding, 1828".

## InfoBox

| Orthalicoidea | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| A large orthalicid from eastern Peru (probably of genus *Sultana*), recovering from substantial shell damage. | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Superorder: | Eupulmonata |
| Order: | Stylommatophora |
| Suborder: | Helicina |
| Superfamily: | Orthalicoidea<br>Albers, 1860 |
|
| Families | |
| See text | |
| Diversity | |
| ~1750 taxon names are available | |


title: Orthalicus maracaibensis

abstract: Orthalicus maracaibensis is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Orthalicidae.

text:
# Orthalicus maracaibensis

***Orthalicus maracaibensis*** is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Orthalicidae.

## Subspecies

## Distribution

## Further reading

* Ordosgoitti A. 1999. *Caracoles plagas de cítricas en Yumare, Estado Yaracuy*. Agronoía Tropical, 49, 517–525.

## InfoBox

| *Orthalicus maracaibensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Apertural view of a shell of *Orthalicus maracaibensis* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Stylommatophora |
| Family: | Orthalicidae |
| Genus: | *Orthalicus* |
| Species: | ***O. maracaibensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Orthalicus maracaibensis***<br>(Pfeiffer, 1856) | |
|


title: Osiniak-Piotrowo

abstract: Osiniak-Piotrowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ruciane-Nida, within Pisz County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) west of Ruciane-Nida, 21 km (13 mi) west of Pisz, and 68 km (42 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

text:
# Osiniak-Piotrowo

**Osiniak-Piotrowo** \[ɔˈɕiɲak pjɔˈtrɔvɔ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ruciane-Nida, within Pisz County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) west of Ruciane-Nida, 21 km (13 mi) west of Pisz, and 68 km (42 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

## InfoBox

| Osiniak-Piotrowo | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Osiniak-Piotrowo | |
| Coordinates: 53°39′N 21°30′E / 53.650°N 21.500°E / 53.650; 21.500 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Warmian-Masurian |
| County | Pisz |
| Gmina | Ruciane-Nida |
| Population (2022) | 171 |


title: Orpheum Theatre (San Francisco)

abstract: The Orpheum Theatre, originally the Pantages Theatre, is located at 1192 Market Street at Hyde, Grove and 8th Streets in the Civic Center district of San Francisco, California. The theatre first opened in 1926 as one of the many designed by architect B. Marcus Priteca for theater-circuit owner Alexander Pantages. The interior features a vaulted ceiling, while the facade is a Plateresque Revival. The Orpheum seats 2,197 patrons. In 1998, after a previous renovation in the 1970s, a $20 million renovation was completed to make the Orpheum more suitable for Broadway shows. The theatre is a locally designated San Francisco landmark as determined by the San Francisco Landmarks Preservation Advisory Board. The Orpheum, as well as the Golden Gate Theatre in San Francisco, are owned by BroadwaySF, a theatrical producing company owned by Robert Nederlander.

text:
# Orpheum Theatre (San Francisco)

The **Orpheum Theatre**, originally the Pantages Theatre, is located at 1192 Market Street at Hyde, Grove and 8th Streets in the Civic Center district of San Francisco, California. The theatre first opened in 1926 as one of the many designed by architect B. Marcus Priteca for theater-circuit owner Alexander Pantages. The interior features a vaulted ceiling, while the facade is a Plateresque (Late Spanish Gothic) Revival. The Orpheum seats 2,197 patrons. In 1998, after a previous renovation in the 1970s, a $20 million renovation was completed to make the Orpheum more suitable for Broadway shows. The theatre is a locally designated San Francisco landmark as determined by the San Francisco Landmarks Preservation Advisory Board.

The Orpheum, as well as the Golden Gate Theatre in San Francisco, are owned by BroadwaySF, a theatrical producing company owned by Robert Nederlander.

## History

In April 1998 the Kern/Hammerstein musical "Show Boat" was the first production staged in the reconstructed and expanded theater.

The theater has hosted numerous Broadway shows, including a two-year sit-down production of the musical *Wicked* from January 27, 2009, through September 2010. The Grateful Dead gave six performances here on July 12–18, 1976. From April 30 to May 4, 2007, the theatre hosted *Late Night with Conan O'Brien*.

Productions that were staged at the Orpheum prior to opening on Broadway have included *Bring It On: The Musical* (2011–2012), *Evita* (1979), *Mamma Mia!* (2000–2001), and *The Act* (1977).

## InfoBox

Orpheum Theatre
| Pantages Theatre
New Orpheum Theatre | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Orpheum TheatreLocation within San Francisco County | |
| Address | 1192 Market Street
San Francisco, California |
| Coordinates | 37°46′45″N 122°24′53″W / 37.779081°N 122.414708°W / 37.779081; -122.414708 |
| Public transit | Civic Center/UN Plaza |
| Owner | BroadwaySF |
| Operator | BroadwaySF |
| Designation | San Francisco Landmark |
| Capacity | 2,197 |
| Construction | |
| Opened | 1926 |
| Architect | B. Marcus Priteca |
| Website | |
| www.broadwaysf.com/ | |
|  | |
| San Francisco Designated Landmark | |
| Designated | 1977 |
| Reference no. | 94 |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Typhloseiopsis

abstract: Typhloseiopsis is a genus of mites in the Phytoseiidae family.

text:
# Typhloseiopsis

***Typhloseiopsis*** is a genus of mites in the Phytoseiidae family.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Typhloseiopsis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Subclass: | Acari |
| Superorder: | Parasitiformes |
| Order: | Mesostigmata |
| Family: | Phytoseiidae |
| Subfamily: | Typhlodrominae |
| Genus: | ***Typhloseiopsis***<br>De Leon, 1959 |
|


title: Francis Downes

abstract: Francis Downes (1606–1648) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1624 and 1625. Downes was the second son of Roger Downes of Wardley Hall, and his second wife Anne Calvert, daughter of John Calvert of Cockeram. His mother was a Catholic and Downes also adopted the Catholic faith. He matriculated at Brasenose College, Oxford on 5 December 1623, aged 17 and was a student of Gray's Inn in 1623. In 1624, he was elected member of parliament for Wigan. He was re-elected MP for Wigan in 1625.

text:
# Francis Downes

**Francis Downes** (1606–1648) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1624 and 1625.

Downes was the second son of Roger Downes of Wardley Hall, and his second wife Anne Calvert, daughter of John Calvert of Cockeram. His mother was a Catholic and Downes also adopted the Catholic faith. He matriculated at Brasenose College, Oxford on 5 December 1623, aged 17 and was a student of Gray's Inn in 1623. In 1624, he was elected member of parliament for Wigan. He was re-elected MP for Wigan in 1625.


title: Maurice Murphy (director)

abstract: Maurice Brendan Murphy is an Australian film and television director, producer, writer and actor. He is best known for his influential work as a director of TV comedy programs for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation – most notably The Aunty Jack Show – and for his 1980 feature film adaptation of the Australian comic strip Fatty Finn. After a month as a Melbourne University student, Murphy realised that his true calling was in the entertainment world. For the next three years, he financed his theatrical pursuits at The Little Theatre in South Yarra, by working at the Victorian Railways. In 1960, Murphy joined the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC) where he worked his way up to being a director: 'The ABC was a great training institute at that time, and a place which allowed me much creative freedom. I learned a great deal there'. His first big break was in 1967 with the big budget 20-episode variety series, I'm Alright Now, with Reg Livermore. In 1973, Murphy became Head of Entertainment at the ABC.

text:
# Maurice Murphy (director)

**Maurice Brendan Murphy** (born 1939 in Sydney) is an Australian film and television director, producer, writer and actor. He is best known for his influential work as a director of TV comedy programs for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation – most notably *The Aunty Jack Show* – and for his 1980 feature film adaptation of the Australian comic strip *Fatty Finn*.

After a month as a Melbourne University student, Murphy realised that his true calling was in the entertainment world. For the next three years, he financed his theatrical pursuits at The Little Theatre in South Yarra, by working at the Victorian Railways. In 1960, Murphy joined the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC) where he worked his way up to being a director: 'The ABC was a great training institute at that time, and a place which allowed me much creative freedom. I learned a great deal there'. His first big break was in 1967 with the big budget 20-episode variety series, *I'm Alright Now*, with Reg Livermore. In 1973, Murphy became Head of Entertainment at the ABC.

## Influences

Murphy's show biz enthusiasm was well-developed long before his ABC years. As a young child he was enthralled by the physical comedy of the clowns at Wirth's Circus. Later at boarding school he discovered Abbott & Costello films, delighting in their vaudevillian routines. The cinema became an integral part of Murphy's school holidays with musicals, Bob Hope and Bing Crosby 'Road' movies and comedies his favourite genres and ones that would influence his future work.

Throughout his school years Murphy would regularly escape into the wonders of radio hit parades, spending countless hours analysing pop song structures and writing down lyrics. He applied these skills to television comedies. 'I worked out how the shows were structured. I wrote down the scenes. Sketched the sets. Analysed the placement of dialogue and the positions for its delivery. I noticed the similarity in patterning and timing between various shows. I really got to understand how TV comedy was staged', says Murphy.

## British comedy

Murphy spent 1968–1971 in England working at the BBC and London Weekend Television. He was mentored by Frank Muir and worked with many British comedy stars including Ronnie Barker, Tommy Cooper, Harry Corbett and Wendy Craig. He directed *Doctor in the House*, starring Robin Nedwell, which was the first non-American comedy series to be bought by US television.

In 1968 Murphy directed the 6-episode series of *Complete and Utter History of Britain* starring Michael Palin and Terry Jones. It was a highly original look at medieval history using television techniques to satirise the events. For instance, the Battle of Hastings was broadcast as a soccer match. The series is regarded as the precursor to *Monty Python's Flying Circus* and until 2004 it was believed that no copies of the series had survived.

## Australian comedy

On his return to Australia in 1972, Murphy helped to create the ground-breaking anarchistic comedy, *The Aunty Jack Show*, starring Grahame Bond, Rory O'Donoghue, John Derum and Sandra McGregor. He used some unorthodox methods to get the show to air. After the first episode was screened, the ABC received more than 1000 complaints and Murphy knew he had a winner.

A spin-off from *The Aunty Jack Show* was *The Norman Gunston Show*, a comic satire featuring an unsophisticated reporter from Wollongong. The Gunston character was devised by Wendy Skelcher and played by Garry McDonald. The series achieved considerable success and inspired several contemporary comedians. Norman Gunston has the distinction of being the only television character, as opposed to an actor known for playing a character, to win a Gold Logie, the premier Australian television accolade. In 1975, the first colour television to appear on Australian screens was a brilliant sketch devised by Murphy and Grahame Bond, in which a black and white Aunty Jack tried in vain to stop colour slowly seeping into the scene.

Murphy believes that comedy has a very important social role to play, and is also important for us individually. One of his recurrent themes is that the children within us are able to overcome the adult world with absurdist humour.

## Films

Murphy has written, directed or produced a number of independent feature films. His first films were ones for children, *Fatty Finn* and *Doctors and Nurses*, stories in which children were at odds with the adult world. Then a young adult satirical comedy with the emphasis on fun, *Exchange Lifeguards* (aka  *Wet and Wild Summer!*) starring Julian McMahon, Christopher Atkins and Elliott Gould. More serious was his family tale of love in wartime, *15 Amore* starring Lisa Hensley and Steve Bastoni. *15 Amore* was voted the Audience Favourite Feature at the Aspen Filmfest in 1998 and was awarded the Crystal Palm Award at the Marco Island Film Festival in 2000.

More recently, the ethereal singing of the students of New Zealand's Toi Whakaari inspired Murphy to create a musical feature film, *Zenolith*, as a vehicle for their talents. He co-wrote the song lyrics with Lee Hatherly and secured the collaboration of New Zealand composer, Gareth Farr, and the Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra. In 2014, he wrote and directed a feature-length historical documentary about Queen Elizabeth II, *When the Queen Came to Town*.

## Ethos

Murphy has always enjoyed having fun with technology and pushing it to the limits, often with budgetary constraints. He believes such limitations inspire innovation. In 1965 he invented a way of reversing video tape to enable images to be run backwards. In 1990, Murphy made *Let's Do Lunch*, the first television series in the world to be filmed on Handicam.

Murphy's work is characterised by variety and diversity. He continues to challenge himself with new adventures and projects. He has recently written, produced and starred in several one-man stage shows.

In 2016 he was the consultant editor for *The Mathematics Book*, a coffee table book by Helen Prochazka created to make mathematics accessible for adults who would like to know more about the subject. Murphy and Prochazka have co-written the lyrics for a cycle of 14 mathematics songs that complements the book. The pop song poetry project was presented at the 2014 Bridges Organization conference in Seoul. The album was released in 2016, the music written and performed by Nic Courto and Craig M Wood.

Currently Murphy is also developing an opera about Sir Edmund Hillary and an animation feature film, *Marsupia*.

Murphy has always sought out and encouraged new talent and continues to work with emerging film makers and entertainers.

## Director

### Television shows

* *The Whole Show* (2000) TV special
* *Let's Do Lunch* (1990) TV series (6 episodes)
* *News Free Zone* (1985) TV series (50 episodes)
* *The Tea Ladies* (1978) TV series (9 episodes)
* *Freddy Starr Special* (1978) TV special
* *The Little Big Show* (1978) TV special
* *The Off Show* (1977) TV series aka *The Of Show* (Australia) (9 episodes)
* *Alvin Purple* (1976) TV series (13 episodes)
* *Flash Nick from Jindavick* (1974–75) TV series (6 episodes)
* *The Very Best of The Aunty Jack Show* (1973) TV special
* *Aunty Jack Rox On* (1972) TV special
* *Doctor in Charge* (1972) TV series (6 episodes)
* *A Nice Day at the Office* (1972) (6 episodes)
* *The Aunty Jack Show* (1971–72) TV series (13 episodes)
* *The Comedy Game* (1971–73) TV series (14 episodes)
* *Not Only… But Also* (1971) TV special
* *The Dudley Moore Trio* (1971) TV special
* *Six Dates with Barker* (1970) TV series (6 episodes)
* *Hark at Barker* (1970) TV series (6 episodes)
* *Doctor in the House* (1969) TV series (9 episodes)
* *Complete and Utter History of Britain* (1969) TV series (6 episodes)
* *I'm Alright Now* (1967) TV series (20 episodes)

### Feature films

### Stage shows

* *My Imaginary Family* (2011)
* *Maurice* (2007)
* *Aunty Jack Show and Tell* (2006)
* *Good Story* (2003)
* *Screenplay* (2003)
* *Razzle Dazzle* (1975)
* *Hamlet on Ice* (1974)
* *Aunty Jack and the Gong in Bloody Concert* (1973)

## Producer

### Television shows

* *The Whole Show* (2000) TV special
* *I Do! I Do!* (1997) TV series (13 episodes)
* *Just Kidding* (1994–95) TV series (75 episodes)
* *Let's Do Lunch* (1990) TV series (6 episodes)
* *News Free Zone* (1985) TV series (50 episodes)
* *Freddy Starr Special* (1978) TV special
* *The Little Big Show* (1978) TV special
* *The Off Show* (1977) TV series aka The of Show (Australia) (9 episodes)
* *Alvin Purple* (1976) TV series (13 episodes)
* *Wollongong the Brave* (1975) TV series (4 episodes)
* *Flash Nick from Jindavick* (1974–75) TV series (6 episodes)
* *The Very Best of The Aunty Jack Show* (1973) TV special
* *Our Man in the Company* (1973) TV series (10 episodes)
* *The Comedy Game* (1971–73) TV series (14 episodes)
* *Aunty Jack Rox On* (1972) TV special
* *A Nice Day at the Office* (1972) (6 episodes)
* *The Aunty Jack Show* (1971–72) TV series (13 episodes)
* *Not Only… But Also* (1971) TV special
* *The Dudley Moore Trio* (1971) TV special

### Feature films

### Stage shows

* *Maurice* (2007)
* *Aunty Jack Show and Tell* (2006)
* *Good Story* (2003)
* *Screenplay* (2003)
* *Razzle Dazzle* (1975)
* *Hamlet on Ice* (1974)
* *Aunty Jack and the Gong in Bloody Concert* (1973)

### Radio

* *Nude Radio* (1974) Radio Show

## Writer

### Television shows

* *The Whole Show* (2000) TV special
* *Let's Do Lunch* (1990) TV series (6 episodes)
* *News Free Zone* (1985) TV series (50 episodes)
* *The Tea Ladies* (1978) TV series (9 episodes)
* *The Little Big Show* (1978) TV special
* *The Off Show* (1977) TV series aka The of Show (Australia) (9 episodes)
* *Alvin Purple* (1976) TV series (13 episodes)
* *Scattergood: Friend of All* (1975) TV series
* *Wollongong the Brave* (1975) TV series (4 episodes)
* *Flash Nick from Jindavick* (1974–75) TV series (6 episodes)
* *The Very Best of The Aunty Jack Show* (1973) TV special
* *The Comedy Game* (1971–73) TV series (14 episodes)
* *Aunty Jack Rox On* (1972) TV special
* *A Nice Day at the Office* (1972) (6 episodes)
* *The Aunty Jack Show* (1971–72) TV series (13 episodes)
* *Six Dates with Barker* (1970) TV series (6 episodes)
* *Hark at Barker* (1970) TV series (6 episodes)
* *I'm Alright Now* (1967) TV series (20 episodes)

### Feature films

* *When the Queen Came to Town* (documentary) (2014)
* *Zenolith* (2008)
* *15 Amore* (1998)
* *Channel Chaos* (1984)
* *Doctors & Nurses* (1981)

### Stage shows

* *Maurice* (2007)
* *Aunty Jack Show and Tell* (2006)
* *Good Story* (2003)
* *Screenplay* (2003)
* *Aunty Jack and the Gong in Bloody Concert* (1973)

### Radio

* *Nude Radio* (1974) Radio Show

### Book

* *The Mathematics Book* (2016), consultant editor

### Songs

* *Songs from The Mathematics Book* (to be released in 2016)

## Actor

### Television shows

* *Benny Hill Down Under* (1977) TV series – various roles
* *Consider Your Verdict* (1962) one episode Queen Versus Brooks (1962)

### Stage shows

* *Maurice* (2007)
* *Aunty Jack Show and Tell* (2006)
* *Good Story* (2003)
* *Screenplay* (2003)

1. Maurice Murphy at IMDb
2. Prochazka, Helen. *The Mathematics Book: anyone can do it!*. ISBN 9780992533007.
3. Bridges Organization. *Bridges Seoul 2014*. pp. 437–440. ISBN 9781938664113.

## InfoBox

| Maurice Murphy | |
| --- | --- |
| Maurice Murphy at a screening of *15 Amore* | |
| Born | Maurice Brendan Murphy
1939 (age 8485)
Sydney, Australia |
| Occupations | * Film and television director * producer * writer * actor |
| Years active | 1965–present |


title: Weiyuan County, Gansu

abstract: Weiyuan County is a county in Gansu province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Dingxi. Its postal code is 748200, and its population in 2018 was 345,000 people. The county is named for being where the source of the Wei River is located. Potatoes and traditional Chinese medicinal herbs such as Codonopsis, Angelica, Rhododendron and Astragalus form an important part of agricultural output. Furthermore, 485 kinds of wild Chinese herbal medicines are harvested. Weiyuan has a long history with 49 ancient cultural sites in the county, including neolithic sites, a Ming Dynasty wooden bridge, and a section of the Qin dynasty Great Wall.

text:
# Weiyuan County, Gansu

**Weiyuan County** is a county in Gansu province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Dingxi. Its postal code is 748200, and its population in 2018 was 345,000 people.

The county is named for being where the source of the Wei River is located.

Potatoes and traditional Chinese medicinal herbs such as *Codonopsis*, *Angelica*, *Rhododendron* and *Astragalus* form an important part of agricultural output. Furthermore, 485 kinds of wild Chinese herbal medicines are harvested.

Weiyuan has a long history with 49 ancient cultural sites in the county, including neolithic sites, a Ming Dynasty wooden bridge, and a section of the Qin dynasty Great Wall.

## Administrative divisions

Weiyuan County is divided to 12 towns and 4 townships.

Towns  Townships

## Climate

| Climate data for Weiyuan, elevation 2,111 m (6,926 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 13.9
(57.0) | 18.6
(65.5) | 24.8
(76.6) | 27.8
(82.0) | 29.6
(85.3) | 30.5
(86.9) | 34.0
(93.2) | 31.9
(89.4) | 29.1
(84.4) | 23.4
(74.1) | 18.9
(66.0) | 12.5
(54.5) | 34.0
(93.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.3
(32.5) | 3.4
(38.1) | 9.0
(48.2) | 15.2
(59.4) | 19.0
(66.2) | 22.1
(71.8) | 24.1
(75.4) | 22.9
(73.2) | 18.0
(64.4) | 12.5
(54.5) | 7.3
(45.1) | 2.2
(36.0) | 13.0
(55.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −6.8
(19.8) | −3.2
(26.2) | 2.2
(36.0) | 8.1
(46.6) | 12.2
(54.0) | 15.7
(60.3) | 17.7
(63.9) | 16.8
(62.2) | 12.3
(54.1) | 6.7
(44.1) | 0.6
(33.1) | −5.1
(22.8) | 6.4
(43.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −11.8
(10.8) | −8.1
(17.4) | −2.7
(27.1) | 2.1
(35.8) | 6.2
(43.2) | 10.1
(50.2) | 12.3
(54.1) | 11.9
(53.4) | 8.4
(47.1) | 2.8
(37.0) | −3.8
(25.2) | −9.9
(14.2) | 1.5
(34.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −22.4
(−8.3) | −21.5
(−6.7) | −16.7
(1.9) | −9.2
(15.4) | −3.4
(25.9) | 2.7
(36.9) | 4.4
(39.9) | 3.7
(38.7) | 0.2
(32.4) | −10.0
(14.0) | −18.7
(−1.7) | −23.6
(−10.5) | −23.6
(−10.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 5.5
(0.22) | 8.1
(0.32) | 16.0
(0.63) | 31.5
(1.24) | 60.5
(2.38) | 71.9
(2.83) | 97.6
(3.84) | 92.3
(3.63) | 62.0
(2.44) | 38.1
(1.50) | 7.6
(0.30) | 2.3
(0.09) | 493.4
(19.42) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 6.0 | 6.4 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 12.5 | 13.7 | 13.6 | 13.3 | 14.6 | 10.6 | 5.2 | 3.2 | 116.7 |
| Average snowy days | 8.9 | 8.6 | 8.9 | 3.4 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.2 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 43.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 61 | 63 | 62 | 59 | 63 | 68 | 73 | 76 | 80 | 78 | 70 | 62 | 68 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 192.4 | 176.9 | 195.9 | 211.0 | 221.1 | 206.1 | 213.4 | 194.2 | 136.6 | 145.8 | 177.0 | 200.0 | 2,270.4 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 61 | 57 | 52 | 54 | 51 | 48 | 49 | 47 | 37 | 42 | 58 | 66 | 52 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Transport

Weiyuan is served by Weiyuan railway station on the Lanzhou–Chongqing railway. The Lanzhou–Haikou Expressway (G75), China National Highway 212, 310 and 316 pass through the county.

## InfoBox

| Weiyuan County 渭源县 | |
| --- | --- |
| County | |
|  | |
| Weiyuan in Dingxi | |
| Dingxi in Gansu | |
| Coordinates: 35°08′12″N 104°12′55″E / 35.1368°N 104.2154°E / 35.1368; 104.2154 | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Gansu |
| Prefecture-level city | Dingxi |
| County seat | Qingyuan |
| Area | |
| Land | 2,065 km2 (797 sq mi) |
| Population (2018) | 345,000 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 748200 |


title: Miller Atlas

abstract: The Miller Atlas, also known as Lopo Homem-Reineis Atlas, is a richly illustrated Portuguese partial world atlas dated from 1519, including a dozen charts. It is a joint work of the cartographers Lopo Homem, Pedro Reinel and Jorge Reinel, and illustrated by miniaturist António de Holanda. The regions represented are the North Atlantic Ocean, Northern Europe, the Azores Archipelago, Madagascar, Horn of Africa, the Indian Ocean, Indonesia, the China Sea, the Moluccas, Brazil and the Mediterranean Sea. It was acquired by the librarian Bénigne Emmanuel Clement Miller in 1855 at a bookseller in Santarém, Portugal, hence the name Miller Atlas. In 1897, his widow sold it to the National Library of France, where it has stayed ever since. It stands out for details of the map 'Terra Brasilis', less than twenty years after the landing of Pedro Álvares Cabral. It is thought to have been an offering from King Manuel I of Portugal to Francis I of France. The charts included and its authoring raised great controversy among scholars, particularly a world map closed to the Pacific Ocean, which has been interpreted as an attempt to dissuade the circumnavigation that Ferdinand Magellan then prepared in Seville, in the court of Charles I of Spain. It is argued by Robert J. King that Homem's map represented a stage in cartographical history when Ptolemy's enclosed Indian Ocean was enlarged to become an enclosed world Ocean until, following Magellan's expedition, it was recognized that the Ocean was much larger than the authority of the Biblical Fourth Book of Esdras had ascribed to it, and that indeed it did surround the continental parts of the Earth. The configuration of the map, with the world Ocean, under the names occeanus meridionalis and indicum mare, enclosed by the three classical continents, Europe, Asia and Africa, and the New World including the austral terra incognita, was apparently drawn from the description of the world given by Duarte Pacheco Pereira in 1508 and set out in his since lost map. Other world maps of this type are that shown on the 1525 tapestry by Bernaert van Orley and Georg Wezeler, and on the 1513 world map of Piri Reis. Its title page bears a later inscription with the arms of Catherine de Medici with the text, "Hec est universi orbis ad hanc usqz diem cogniti / tabula quam ego Lupus homo Cosmographus / in clarissima Ulisipone civitate Anno domini nostri / Millessimo quigentessimo decimo nono jussu / Emanuelis incliti lusitanie Regis collatis pluribs / aliis tam vetustorum qz recentiorum tabulis mag / na industria et dilligenti labore depinxi."

text:
# Miller Atlas

The **Miller Atlas**, also known as **Lopo Homem-Reineis Atlas**, is a richly illustrated Portuguese partial world atlas dated from 1519, including a dozen charts. It is a joint work of the cartographers Lopo Homem, Pedro Reinel and Jorge Reinel, and illustrated by miniaturist António de Holanda.

The regions represented are the North Atlantic Ocean, Northern Europe, the Azores Archipelago, Madagascar, Horn of Africa, the Indian Ocean, Indonesia, the China Sea, the Moluccas, Brazil and the Mediterranean Sea. It was acquired by the librarian Bénigne Emmanuel Clement Miller in 1855 at a bookseller in Santarém, Portugal, hence the name Miller Atlas. In 1897, his widow sold it to the National Library of France, where it has stayed ever since.

It stands out for details of the map 'Terra Brasilis', less than twenty years after the landing of Pedro Álvares Cabral. It is thought to have been an offering from King Manuel I of Portugal to Francis I of France. The charts included and its authoring raised great controversy among scholars, particularly a world map closed to the Pacific Ocean, which has been interpreted as an attempt to dissuade the circumnavigation that Ferdinand Magellan then prepared in Seville, in the court of Charles I of Spain.

It is argued by Robert J. King that Homem's map represented a stage in cartographical history when Ptolemy's enclosed Indian Ocean was enlarged to become an enclosed world Ocean until, following Magellan's expedition, it was recognized that the Ocean was much larger than the authority of the Biblical Fourth Book of Esdras had ascribed to it, and that indeed it did surround the continental parts of the Earth. The configuration of the map, with the world Ocean, under the names *occeanus meridionalis* and *indicum mare*, enclosed by the three classical continents, Europe, Asia and Africa, and the New World including the austral *terra incognita*, was apparently drawn from the description of the world given by Duarte Pacheco Pereira in 1508 and set out in his since lost map. Other world maps of this type are that shown on the 1525 tapestry by Bernaert van Orley and Georg Wezeler, and on the 1513 world map of Piri Reis.

Its title page bears a later inscription with the arms of Catherine de Medici with the text, *"Hec est universi orbis ad hanc usqz diem cogniti / tabula quam ego Lupus homo Cosmographus / in clarissima Ulisipone civitate Anno domini nostri / Millessimo quigentessimo decimo nono jussu / Emanuelis incliti lusitanie Regis collatis pluribs / aliis tam vetustorum qz recentiorum tabulis mag / na industria et dilligenti labore depinxi."*


abstract: The Minister for Nordic Cooperation is a cabinet minister within the Swedish Government and appointed by the Prime Minister of Sweden. The minister is responsible for issues regarding Nordic affairs. The current minister Jessica Rosencrantz is also responsible for Sweden's EU Affairs.

text:
# Minister for Nordic Cooperation (Sweden)

The **Minister for Nordic Cooperation** (Swedish: *Minister för nordiskt samarbete*) is a cabinet minister within the Swedish Government and appointed by the Prime Minister of Sweden.

The minister is responsible for issues regarding Nordic affairs. The current minister Jessica Rosencrantz is also responsible for Sweden's EU Affairs.

## List of ministers for Nordic cooperation

| Name | | | Term | Political party | Prime Minister |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Kjell-Olof Feldt | 1970–1976 | Social Democrats | Olof Palme |
|  |  | Johannes Antonsson | 1976–1978 | Centre Party | Thorbjörn Fälldin |
|  |  | Bertil Hansson | 1978–1979 | People's Party | Ola Ullsten |
|  |  | Staffan Burenstam Linder | 1979–1981 | Moderate Party | Thorbjörn Fälldin |
|  |  | Björn Molin | 1981–1982 | Centre Party | |
|  |  | Svante Lundkvist | 1982–1986 | Social Democrats | Olof Palme |
|  |  | Ulf Lönnqvist | 1986–1989 | Social Democrats | Ingvar Carlsson |
|  |  | Mats Hellström | 1989–1991 | Social Democrats | |
|  |  | Olof Johansson | 1991–1993 | Centre Party | Carl Bildt |
|  |  | Börje Hörnlund | 1993–1994 | Centre Party | |
|  |  | Mats Hellström | 1994–1996 | Social Democrats | Ingvar Carlsson |
|  |  | Margareta Winberg | 1996–1997 | Social Democrats | Göran Persson |
|  |  | Leif Pagrotsky | 1997–2002 | Social Democrats | |
|  |  | Berit Andnor | 2002–2006 | Social Democrats | |
|  |  | Cristina Husmark Pehrsson | 2006–2010 | Moderate Party | Fredrik Reinfeldt |
|  |  | Ewa Björling | 2010–2014 | Moderate Party | |
|  |  | Kristina Persson | 2014–2016 | Social Democrats | Stefan Löfven |
|  |  | Margot Wallström | 2016–2019 | Social Democrats | |
|  |  | Ann Linde | 2019 | Social Democrats | |
|  |  | Anna Hallberg | 2019–2022 | Social Democrats | |
| | | | | | Magdalena Andersson |
|  | \] | Jessika Roswall | 2022–2024 | Moderate Party | Ulf Kristersson |
| |  | Jessica Rosencrantz | 2024– | | |
|

## InfoBox

| Minister for Nordic Cooperation | |
| --- | --- |
| Minister för nordiskt samarbete | |
|  | |
| Incumbent
Jessica Rosencrantz
since 10 September 2024 | |
| Appointer | The Prime Minister |
| Inaugural holder | Kjell-Olof Feldt |
| Formation | 1970 |
| Website | www.sweden.gov.se |


title: Minimum-variance unbiased estimator

abstract: In statistics a minimum-variance unbiased estimator (MVUE) or uniformly minimum-variance unbiased estimator (UMVUE) is an unbiased estimator that has lower variance than any other unbiased estimator for all possible values of the parameter. For practical statistics problems, it is important to determine the MVUE if one exists, since less-than-optimal procedures would naturally be avoided, other things being equal. This has led to substantial development of statistical theory related to the problem of optimal estimation. While combining the constraint of unbiasedness with the desirability metric of least variance leads to good results in most practical settings—making MVUE a natural starting point for a broad range of analyses—a targeted specification may perform better for a given problem; thus, MVUE is not always the best stopping point.

text:
# Minimum-variance unbiased estimator

In statistics a **minimum-variance unbiased estimator (MVUE)** or **uniformly minimum-variance unbiased estimator (UMVUE)** is an unbiased estimator that has lower variance than any other unbiased estimator for all possible values of the parameter.

For practical statistics problems, it is important to determine the MVUE if one exists, since less-than-optimal procedures would naturally be avoided, other things being equal. This has led to substantial development of statistical theory related to the problem of optimal estimation.

While combining the constraint of unbiasedness with the desirability metric of least variance leads to good results in most practical settings—making MVUE a natural starting point for a broad range of analyses—a targeted specification may perform better for a given problem; thus, MVUE is not always the best stopping point.

## Definition

Consider estimation of $g(\theta )$ based on data $X\_{1},X\_{2},\ldots ,X\_{n}$ i.i.d. from some member of a family of densities $p\_{\theta },\theta \in \Omega $, where $\Omega $ is the parameter space. An unbiased estimator $\delta (X\_{1},X\_{2},\ldots ,X\_{n})$ of $g(\theta )$ is *UMVUE* if $\forall \theta \in \Omega $,

$$\operatorname {var} (\delta (X\_{1},X\_{2},\ldots ,X\_{n}))\leq \operatorname {var} ({\tilde {\delta }(X\_{1},X\_{2},\ldots ,X\_{n}))}$$

for any other unbiased estimator $\tilde {\delta }.$

If an unbiased estimator of $g(\theta )$ exists, then one can prove there is an essentially unique MVUE. Using the Rao–Blackwell theorem one can also prove that determining the MVUE is simply a matter of finding a complete sufficient statistic for the family $p\_{\theta },\theta \in \Omega $ and conditioning *any* unbiased estimator on it.

Further, by the Lehmann–Scheffé theorem, an unbiased estimator that is a function of a complete, sufficient statistic is the UMVUE estimator.

Put formally, suppose $\delta (X\_{1},X\_{2},\ldots ,X\_{n})$ is unbiased for $g(\theta )$, and that $T$ is a complete sufficient statistic for the family of densities. Then

$$\eta (X\_{1},X\_{2},\ldots ,X\_{n})=\operatorname {E} (\delta (X\_{1},X\_{2},\ldots ,X\_{n})\mid T)\\,$$

is the MVUE for $g(\theta ).$

A Bayesian analog is a Bayes estimator, particularly with minimum mean square error (MMSE).

## Estimator selection

An efficient estimator need not exist, but if it does and if it is unbiased, it is the MVUE. Since the mean squared error (MSE) of an estimator *δ* is

$$\operatorname {MSE} (\delta )=\operatorname {var} (\delta )+\[\operatorname {bias} (\delta )\]^{2}\ $$

the MVUE minimizes MSE *among unbiased estimators*. In some cases biased estimators have lower MSE because they have a smaller variance than does any unbiased estimator; see estimator bias.

## Example

Consider the data to be a single observation from an absolutely continuous distribution on $\mathbb {R} $ with density

$$p\_{\theta }(x)={\frac {\theta e^{-x}{(1+e^{-x})^{\theta +1}}}}$$

and we wish to find the UMVU estimator of

$$g(\theta )={\frac {1}{\theta ^{2}}}$$

First we recognize that the density can be written as

$$\frac {e^{-x}{1+e^{-x}\exp(-\theta \log(1+e^{-x})+\log(\theta ))}}$$

Which is an exponential family with sufficient statistic $T=\log(1+e^{-x})$. In fact this is a full rank exponential family, and therefore $T$ is complete sufficient. See exponential family for a derivation which shows

$$\operatorname {E} (T)={\frac {1}{\theta },\quad \operatorname {var} (T)={\frac {1}{\theta ^{2}}}}$$

Therefore,

$$\operatorname {E} (T^{2})={\frac {2}{\theta ^{2}}}$$

Here we use Lehmann–Scheffé theorem to get the MVUE

Clearly $\delta (X)={\frac {T^{2}{2}}}$ is unbiased and $T=\log(1+e^{-x})$ is complete sufficient, thus the UMVU estimator is

$$\eta (X)=\operatorname {E} (\delta (X)\mid T)=\operatorname {E} \left(\left.{\frac {T^{2}{2}\\,\right|\\,T\right)={\frac {T^{2}{2}={\frac {\log(1+e^{-X})^{2}{2}}}}}}}$$

This example illustrates that an unbiased function of the complete sufficient statistic will be UMVU, as Lehmann–Scheffé theorem states.

## Other examples

$$\frac {k+1}{k}m-1,$$

where *m* is the sample maximum. This is a scaled and shifted (so unbiased) transform of the sample maximum, which is a sufficient and complete statistic. See German tank problem for details.

### Bayesian analogs

* Keener, Robert W. (2006). *Statistical Theory: Notes for a Course in Theoretical Statistics*. Springer. pp. 47–48, 57–58.
* Keener, Robert W. (2010). *Theoretical statistics: Topics for a core course*. New York: Springer. DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-93839-4
* Voinov V. G., Nikulin M.S. (1993). *Unbiased estimators and their applications, Vol.1: Univariate case*. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 521p.


title: Wer unterm Schutz des Höchsten steht

abstract: "Wer unterm Schutz des Höchsten steht" is a Christian hymn in German. The anonymous text, paraphrasing Psalm 91, appeared first in 1972 in a Protestant hymnal, with a 1537 melody from Michael Vehe's hymnal. It is contained in the Catholic hymnal Gotteslob.

text:
# Wer unterm Schutz des Höchsten steht

"**Wer unterm Schutz des Höchsten steht**" (Whoever stands under the protection of the Most High) is a Christian hymn in German. The anonymous text, paraphrasing Psalm 91, appeared first in 1972 in a Protestant hymnal, with a 1537 melody from Michael Vehe's hymnal. It is contained in the Catholic hymnal *Gotteslob*.

## History

"Wer unterm Schutz des Höchsten steht" appeared first in 1972, then in the common Protestant hymnal *Evangelisches Kirchengesangbuch* (EKG). A paraphrase of Psalm 91, it is written in three stanzas. The associated melody came from the first Catholic hymnal that Michael Vehe published in 1537.

The hymn was included in the common German Catholic hymnal *Gotteslob* in 1975, as GL 291, and in the second edition as GL 423, in the section Leben in Gott / Vertrauen und Trost (Life in God / Trust and solace). It is a Psalmlied, a song that can be used instead of a liturgical psalm reading.

Johann Paul Zehetbauer composed a four-part setting. Gaël Liardon wrote a chorale prelude for organ. A chorale cantata for choir a cappella by Stephan Rommelspacher was published by Carus-Verlag in 2010, in a collection *Chorbuch Trauer* (Choir Book Memorial), aimed at public memorial services in cases of accidents and disasters. Walter Gleißner wrote an organ piece *Meditation*, published in 2014 by Dohr, in a collection *Miniaturen für Orgel*. A 2019 collection *Tagzeitenliturgie mit dem Gotteslob* for music to observe the liturgy of the hours, initiated by the Diocese of Mainz and published by Carus-Verlag, includes two choral settings of the song and one for organ.

## InfoBox

| "Wer unterm Schutz des Höchsten steht" | |
| --- | --- |
| Christian hymn | |
| Written | 1851 (1851) |
| Language | German |
| Based on | Psalm 91 |
| Melody | after Michael Vehe |
| Composed | 1537 (1537) |
| Published | 1972 (1972) |


title: Mimemodes

abstract:
Mimemodes is a genus of beetles in the family Monotomidae, containing the following species:
  - Mimemodes bhutus Sen Gupta, 1976
  - Mimemodes carenifrons Grouvelle, 1913
  - Mimemodes cribratus Reitter, 1874
  - Mimemodes emmerichi Mader, 1937
  - Mimemodes frigidus Grouvelle, 1906
  - Mimemodes harmandi
  - Mimemodes insulare Grouvelle, 1897
  - Mimemodes japonus Reitter, 1874
  - Mimemodes kimbhutus Sen Gupta, 1976
  - Mimemodes koebelei Blackburn, 1902
  - Mimemodes laticeps
  - Mimemodes megalocephalus Champion, 1924
  - Mimemodes monstrosum
  - Mimemodes nigratus Sen Gupta, 1976
  - Mimemodes proximus Grouvelle, 1913

text:
# Mimemodes

***Mimemodes*** is a genus of beetles in the family Monotomidae, containing the following species:

## InfoBox

| *Mimemodes* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Monotomidae |
| Genus: | ***Mimemodes***<br>Reitter, 1876 |
|


title: Wes Pritchett

abstract: Wesley Andrew Pritchett is an American former professional football linebacker who played three seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the Miami Dolphins, Buffalo Bills, and Atlanta Falcons.

text:
# Wes Pritchett

**Wesley Andrew Pritchett** (born July 7, 1966) is an American former professional football linebacker who played three seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the Miami Dolphins, Buffalo Bills, and Atlanta Falcons.

## Career

Pritchett was linebacker for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish between 1985 and leading tackler and all-American on 1988 National Championship team. In 1989 he was drafted by the Miami Dolphins in the 6th round of the NFL draft. Pritchett then played for the Atlanta Falcons in 1991.

In 1988, an article was published in the New York Times about Pritchett, and two other players, Reggie Ho and Frank Stams, about the effort Lou Holtz made to bolster the team after a coaching change. The team went on to win the 1988 National Championship.

In 2013, ESPN published a story by reporter Jerry Barca about Pritchett and the famed 1989 Fiesta Bowl, in with Notre Dame beating West Virginia 34–21, making then National Champions. The same reporter then wrote a book about the team, which included Pritchett, entitled ‘Unbeatable’ in 2013.

In 2013, the New York Times published an article by reporter Tim Rohan entitled “In ’88, Irish Needed Three ‘Knuckleheads’ to Win Title” which profiled Pritchett.

## Retirement

Pritchett retired from professional football in 1992. Pritchett is now a financial advisor.

## InfoBox

Wes Pritchet
| No. 34, 51, 50 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Linebacker |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1966-07-07) July 7, 1966<br>Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) |
| Weight: | 251 lb (114 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Westminster (GA) |
| College: | Notre Dame |
| NFL draft: | 1989 / round: 6 / pick: 147 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
| * Offseason and/or practice squad member only | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Games played: 3 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Ministry of Defence (Kenya)

abstract: The Ministry of Defence (MoD) of Kenya is a cabinet-level office in charge of defense-related matters of Kenya. It oversees the Kenya Defence Forces. It is currently headed by Her Excellency Soipan Tuya.

text:
# Ministry of Defence (Kenya)

The **Ministry of Defence (MoD)** of Kenya is a cabinet-level office in charge of defense-related matters of Kenya. It oversees the Kenya Defence Forces. It is currently headed by Her Excellency Soipan Tuya.

## History

During the Shifta War, a centralized high command was established, however the Ministry of Defence was mostly dormant with the service commanders under the direct operational control of the president. From 1979-2000, Ministry of Defence was renamed to the Department of Defence (DoD), placed under the Office of the President Daniel arap Moi and led by the Deputy Secretary. The DoD dealt mostly with administrative and logistical matters.

## Building

The Ministry of Defence is located at Ulinzi House off Lenana Road in Nairobi.

## Structure

* Administration Department
* Finance Department
* Accounts Department
* Head of Public Communications
* Director Policy, Strategy and Planning
* Human Resource Management and Development
* Supply Chain Department
* Internal Auditor General
* Information Communications Technology

## Cabinet Secretary

The Cabinet Secretary oversees the Ministry of Defence and is the policy maker of the KDF and chief defence policy advisor to the President of Kenya. He/She serves as Chairman of the Defence Council, the supreme body of the MoD that manages the Kenya Defence Forces.

### List

#### Minister of Defence

#### Minister of State for Defence

#### Cabinet Secretary for Defense

## Defence Council

The duties and responsibilities of the Defence Council are to oversee overall policy and supervise the KDF:

## Notes and references

Media related to Ministry of Defence (Kenya) at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

Ministry of Defence
| Wizara ya Ulinzi | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Agency overview | |
| Jurisdiction | Government of Kenya |
| Headquarters | Ulinzi House, Lenana Road<br>Nairobi |
| Agency executives | * Hon. Soipan Tuya, Cabinet Secretary * Peter Odoyo, Chief Administrative Secretary * Ibrahim Mohamed, Principal Secretary |
| Parent agency | Cabinet of Kenya |
| Website | https://mod.go.ke/ |


title: Mirage (Russian band)

abstract: Mirage is a soviet Russian pop group founded in Moscow in 1986 by Russian composer-keyboardist Andrey Litjagin.

text:
# Mirage (Russian band)

**Mirage** (Мираж, Mirazh) is a soviet Russian pop group founded in Moscow in 1986 by Russian composer-keyboardist Andrey Litjagin.

## Biography

### 1986—1988

Mirage borrowed their musical style from other disco groups of the time such as Modern Talking and Bad Boys Blue.

Gulkina and Suhankina shared vocals on the debut album *The Stars Await Us* (Russian: Звёзды нас Ждут) . The group toured without Suhankina, who was attempting a career as a professional opera singer, and using her pre-recorded vocals on the tour.

Litjagin decided to create several "doubles" of Mirage to simultaneously tour different Russian cities, with the vocalists performing along with the studio session recording done by Gulkina and Suhankina. Among the new performers on stage were guitarist Igor Ponomarev, keyboardist Roman Zhukov, drummer Sergei Solopov, dancer Svetlana Razina (also the girlfriend of Litjagin), and "vocalists" Tatiana Ovsiyenko and Irina Saltykova.

Financial and creative disagreements led to Gulkina quitting the group in 1988. After the separation, Gulkina felt entitled to perform under the name Mirage, as she had provided most of the vocals. Litjagin and Sokolov prevailed in the *Mirage* name use issue; Gulkina formed a new group called *Stars*.

The second album *Together Again* (Russian: Снова вместе) was released in 1988 with only Suhankina featured on lead vocals. The combination of Mirage's trademark Euro disco sound with the guitar rock stylings of Gorbashov created a new style of music in Soviet Russia. The best known songs of the group were part of the album including *Music has connected us* (Russian: Музыка нас связала) and *Together again* (Russian: Снова вместе). The tour for this album featured the band performing along to studio-recorded vocals, and such was noted by the media.

### 1991—present

In 1991, Ekaterina Boldysheva joined the group. She was the first vocalist to perform live with the group. Mirage song remixes were made of the group's then two albums that included Boldysheva's vocals and issued in 1994. She sang on what was to be the group's third studio album, *Not for the first time* (Russian: не в первый раз) which was completed in 2004, but released in 2008 due to the difficult economic climate of the time.

Litjagin revived Mirage in 2003 with three new females that performed to remixed versions of already released Mirage songs. The new project enjoyed limited success, despite the release of several new remix albums.

In 2005, at an event at the "Olympic" arena in Moscow, all the ex-members of Mirage performed together live. Despite never having met before, Gulkina and Suhankina performed alongside one another. They later intended to perform as Mirage, but Litjagin took legal action to prevent such a use of the name, as he believed it would harm his version of Mirage that featured younger vocalists. Relations did improve enough for the three to collaborate on a poorly received fourth album, *A Thousand Stars* (Russian: Тысяча Звёзд), released in 2009.

Litjagin later renamed the younger version of the group "Mirage Junior". In 2011, Litjagin ended his working relationship with Gulkina and she was briefly replaced by former Mirage vocalist Svetlana Razina.

In 2013, a fifth Mirage album, *Let Me Go!* (Russian: Отпусти Меня) was released, featuring Suhankina on vocals.

In September 2016, Andrey Lityagin transferred the exclusive rights to the public performance of a number of his works and the right to the trademark "Mirage" to the "Jam" publishing company for management. Because of the mutual understanding found, it was decided to stop the activity of the group with the soloist Margarita Sukhankina as not corresponding with the stylistics and author's idea, and to revive the group "Mirage" in its original living line-up of 1980-1990s.

Currently, "Mirage" consists of Ekaterina Boldysheva (vocals), Alexei Gorbashov (guitar), Andrey Grishin (drums), and Sergey Krylov (keyboard instruments). To date, this line-up has the rights to perform songs from the repertoire of "Mirage" and the rights to use the trademark "Mirage" in the concert activities.

## Discography

* 1987: *Звёзды нас ждут* (The Stars Await Us)
* 1988: *Снова вместе* (Together Again)
* 2008: *Не в первый раз* (Not For The First Time)
* 2009: *Тысяча звёзд* (A Thousand Stars)
* 2013: *Отпусти меня!* (Let Me Go!)

1. Голосовой набор Archived 2019-07-09 at the Wayback Machine
2. Гулькина и Суханкина разыскивают своих обидчиков Archived 2010-11-10 at the Wayback Machine
3. Валерий Соколов: «Мираж» выполнил свою роль и ушёл Archived 2007-11-07 at the Wayback Machine
4. Открытое письмо Валерию Соколову Archived 2009-10-01 at the Wayback Machine
5. Newsmusic.ru: Продажи альбома «Мираж — 1000 звёзд» оказались крайне низкими, а российские радиостанции и вовсе не заинтересовались ротацией новых композиций с альбома. Archived 2012-08-23 at the Wayback Machine
6. "Под брендом "Мираж" будет петь Екатерина Болдышева". *www.intermedia.ru* (in Russian). 2016-09-08. Retrieved 2022-02-03.
7. "Группа "Мираж" возвращается на сцену в легендарном составе". *7Дней.ру* (in Russian). 2016-09-08. Retrieved 2022-02-03.
8. "Новости - МИРАЖ И ДЖЕМ СНОВА ВМЕСТЕ - Издательство ДЖЕМ \[JamGroup.ru\]". *jamgroup.ru*. Retrieved 2022-02-03.
9. "Группа "Мираж" вернется на сцену в составе 80-90-х годов". *РИА Новости* (in Russian). 2016. Retrieved 2022-02-03.

## InfoBox

| Mirage (Мираж) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | USSR, Russia |
| Genres | Euro disco, Eurodance, Italo disco, Eurobeat, hi-NRG |
| Years active | 1986–present |
| Labels | Звук / Джем / Квадро-диск |
|  | |
| Website | mirage-vocal.ru, mirage.su |


abstract: The Minnesota and International Railway Trestle at Blackduck in Beltrami County, Minnesota was the longest timber trestle in the state. It was built in 1901 and 1902 by the Minnesota and International Railway, a subsidiary of the Northern Pacific Railroad, on a line between Koochiching and Bemidji, Minnesota, where it met a branch line of the parent railroad running north from Brainerd. The bridge carried the railroad over Coburn Creek and a difficult marsh in Blackduck and was noted for its considerable length and intact substructure when it was added to the National Register of Historic Places 2014. The bridge was a low structure 701 feet (210 m) long. After the railroad was abandoned the trestle became part of the Blue Ox Trail, a recreational trail used by hikers and snowmobilers. More than one-third of it was burned by arson in April 2015. Efforts have been made to raise funds to rebuild the destroyed portion of the bridge.

text:
# Minnesota and International Railway Trestle at Blackduck

The **Minnesota and International Railway Trestle at Blackduck** in Beltrami County, Minnesota was the longest timber trestle in the state. It was built in 1901 and 1902 by the Minnesota and International Railway, a subsidiary of the Northern Pacific Railroad, on a line between Koochiching (now International Falls) and Bemidji, Minnesota, where it met a branch line of the parent railroad running north from Brainerd. The bridge carried the railroad over Coburn Creek and a difficult marsh in Blackduck and was noted for its considerable length and intact substructure when it was added to the National Register of Historic Places 2014.

The bridge was a low structure 701 feet (210 m) long. After the railroad was abandoned the trestle became part of the Blue Ox Trail, a recreational trail used by hikers and snowmobilers. More than one-third of it was burned by arson in April 2015. Efforts have been made to raise funds to rebuild the destroyed portion of the bridge.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Minnesota and International Railway Trestle at Blackduck | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 0.25 miles (0.40 km) north of junction CSAH 39, Blackduck, |
| Coordinates | 47°43′34″N 94°32′52″W / 47.72611°N 94.54778°W / 47.72611; -94.54778 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1901 (1901) |
| NRHP reference No. | 13001144 |
| Added to NRHP | February 5, 2014 |


title: Werner projection

abstract: The Werner projection is a pseudoconic equal-area map projection sometimes called the Stab-Werner or Stabius-Werner projection. Like other heart-shaped projections, it is also categorized as cordiform. Stab-Werner refers to two originators: Johannes Werner (1466–1528), a parish priest in Nuremberg, refined and promoted this projection that had been developed earlier by Johannes Stabius (Stab) of Vienna around 1500. The projection is a limiting form of the Bonne projection, having its standard parallel at one of the poles (90°N/S). Distances along each parallel and along the central meridian are correct, as are all distances from the north pole.

text:
# Werner projection

The **Werner projection** is a pseudoconic equal-area map projection sometimes called the **Stab-Werner** or **Stabius-Werner** projection. Like other heart-shaped projections, it is also categorized as **cordiform**. *Stab-Werner* refers to two originators: Johannes Werner (14661528), a parish priest in Nuremberg, refined and promoted this projection that had been developed earlier by Johannes Stabius (Stab) of Vienna around 1500.

The projection is a limiting form of the Bonne projection, having its standard parallel at one of the poles (90°N/S). Distances along each parallel and along the central meridian are correct, as are all distances from the north pole.


title: Wernsdorf (Bavaria)

abstract:
Wernsdorf is a small village located in Bavaria, Germany. It is in Oberfranken, in the Bamberg district. Wernsdorf is a constituent community of Strullendorf and is located on the state roads 2188 and 2210, adjoining the neighbouring village of Amlingstadt. The population was recorded as 444 in 2009.
There is a castle in the town, named the Schloss Wernsdorf.

text:
# Wernsdorf (Bavaria)

**Wernsdorf** is a small village located in Bavaria, Germany. It is in Oberfranken (Upper Franconia), in the Bamberg district. Wernsdorf is a constituent community of Strullendorf and is located on the state roads 2188 and 2210, adjoining the neighbouring village of Amlingstadt. The population was recorded as 444 in 2009. There is a castle in the town, named the Schloss Wernsdorf.

1. "Gemeinde Strullendorf - Demographie", December 31, 2009. (in German)

49°51′32″N 11°00′32″E / 49.859°N 11.009°E / 49.859; 11.009


title: Werningshausen

abstract: Werningshausen is a municipality in the Sömmerda district of Thuringia, Germany.

text:
# Werningshausen

**Werningshausen** is a municipality in the Sömmerda district of Thuringia, Germany.

## InfoBox

| Werningshausen | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Rectory | |
| Location of Werningshausen within Sömmerda district | |
| Werningshausen Werningshausen | |
| Coordinates: 51°8′N 11°0′E / 51.133°N 11.000°E / 51.133; 11.000 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Thuringia |
| District | Sömmerda |
| Municipal assoc. | Straußfurt |
| Government | |
| Mayor (202228) | Stefan Rudolph |
| Area | |
| Total | 12.78 km2 (4.93 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 147 m (482 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 655 |
| Density | 51/km2 (130/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 99634 |
| Dialling codes | 036376 |
| Vehicle registration | SÖM |
| Website | www.vg-straussfurt.de |


title: West of Scotland Championships

abstract: The West of Scotland Championships and later known as the Lang's West of Scotland Championships for sponsorship reasons was a combined men's and women's grass court tennis tournament first established in 1882. The last decade of the championships were held at Newlands Lawn Tennis Club, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Scotland until 1983.

text:
# West of Scotland Championships

The **West of Scotland Championships** and later known as the **Lang's West of Scotland Championships** for sponsorship reasons was a combined men's and women's grass court tennis tournament first established in 1882. The last decade of the championships were held at Newlands Lawn Tennis Club, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Scotland until 1983.

## History

The first West of Scotland Championships were held between 3 and 8 July 1882. That year the organisers staged two events at the meeting, the West of Scotland open meeting and the Western Counties Championship closed meeting. The West of Scotland Championships were won by Englands Walter William Chamberlain, and the Western Counties Championship was won by Scotlands Edward Mortimer Shand.

The tournament ran under that name until 1969. In 1970 the tournament was renamed as the West of Scotland Open Tennis Championships. In 1972 the whisky company Hepburn & Ross who make the Red Hackle whisky brand took over sponsorship of the event and it was called the Red Hackle West of Scotland Championships till 1980. In 1981 the Glasgow based distilling firm Robertson & Baxter Group took over sponsorship of the event, and the tournaments was marketed as the Lang's West of Scotland Championships until 1983.

The championships are still being held today as part of the Scottish Lawn Tennis Association circuit now called Tennis Scotland under the brand name the West of Scotland Open Championships.

## Event name

* West of Scotland Championships (1882-1969)
* West of Scotland Open Tennis Championships (1970-1972)
* Red Hackle West of Scotland Championships (1973-1978)
* Lang's West of Scotland Championships (1981=1983)

## InfoBox

| West of Scotland Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Defunct tennis tournament | |
| Tour | ILTF |
| Founded | 1882 (1882) |
| Abolished | 1983 (1983) |
| Location | Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Scotland |
| Venue | Newlands Lawn Tennis Club (1972-83) |
| Surface | Grass |


abstract: The West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study was a landmark randomized controlled trial, published in 1995, that investigated the effects of pravastatin, a cholesterol-lowering drug, on primary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) in men with hypercholesterolemia. Conducted in the early 1990s, this study provided critical evidence on the benefits of statins in reducing cardiovascular events in individuals without a history of CHD. It concluded that statin treatment reduced CHD events by 31% after nearly five years of treatment.

text:
# West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study

The **West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study** (also known as **WOSCOPS**) was a landmark randomized controlled trial, published in 1995, that investigated the effects of pravastatin, a cholesterol-lowering drug, on primary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) in men with hypercholesterolemia. Conducted in the early 1990s, this study provided critical evidence on the benefits of statins in reducing cardiovascular events in individuals without a history of CHD. It concluded that statin treatment reduced CHD events by 31% after nearly five years of treatment.

## Background

Cardiovascular disease, particularly CHD, is a leading cause of death globally. High low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels are a well-established risk factor for developing CHD. While previous studies had demonstrated the benefits of lipid-lowering agents in patients with existing CHD, the WOSCOPS was one of the first large-scale trials to evaluate the efficacy of statins for primary prevention in individuals without a prior history of cardiovascular events.

## Study design

WOSCOPS was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in Scotland. The study enrolled 6,595 men aged 45 to 64 years (average 55 years) with elevated total cholesterol levels (average 272 mg/dl) and LDL cholesterol levels (average 192 mg/dL) and no previous history of myocardial infarction. The enrollment period was from February 1989 through September 1991. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either pravastatin (40 mg daily) or a placebo. The primary endpoint was the incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarction and death from CHD. Secondary endpoints included all-cause mortality, coronary revascularization procedures, and stroke. The patients were followed an average of 4.9 years after enrollment. Patient medical records and the national death registry were used to determine clinical results.

## Key findings

The results of the WOSCOPS, published in 1995, demonstrated several significant benefits of pravastatin therapy for the primary prevention of CHD:

* Reduction in CHD events: Men treated with pravastatin had a 31% reduction in the risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction or death from CHD compared to those receiving the placebo.
* Decreased all-cause mortality: There was a 22% reduction in all-cause mortality in the pravastatin group.
* Fewer revascularization procedures: In the pravastatin group, the need for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was reduced by 37%.
* Lower incidence of stroke: Pravastatin therapy was associated with a trend towards a reduction in the incidence of stroke but was not considered statistically significant.

## Clinical implications

The findings of the WOSCOPS had substantial implications for the prevention of CHD. This trial added to the evidence that the incidence of CHD can be reduced with statin therapy. Long-term follow-up demonstrated a sustained reduction in death and coronary events.

## Long-term impact

The WOSCOPS was a pivotal trial that contributed to the broader acceptance and use of statins in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Its findings have been corroborated by subsequent studies and meta-analyses, reinforcing the role of statins in reducing the risk of CHD in various populations.

## InfoBox

| West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study | |
| --- | --- |
| Study type | randomized controlled trial |
| Dates | enrollment February 1989 through September 1991 with 4.9 years follow-up |
| Locations | West of Scotland, Glasgow |
| Published | 1995 |
| Article | Shepherd, James; et al. (16 November 1995). "Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease with Pravastatin in Men with Hypercholesterolemia". *New England Journal of Medicine*. **333** (20): 1301–1308. doi:10.1056/NEJM199511163332001. |


title: Mir-375

abstract: The miR-375 microRNA (miRNA) is a short RNA molecule located on human chromosome 2 in between the CRYBA2 and CCDC108 genes. miRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate genes post-transcriptionally by inhibiting translation and/or causing mRNA degradation. miR-375 is specifically expressed in the pancreatic islets, brain and spinal cord. Genetic manipulation of miR-375 levels can decrease cancer development and autoimmunity in affected cell types.

text:
# Mir-375

The miR-375 microRNA (miRNA) is a short RNA molecule located on human chromosome 2 in between the CRYBA2 and CCDC108 genes. miRNAs are small (18–25 nucleotides), non-coding RNAs that regulate genes post-transcriptionally by inhibiting translation and/or causing mRNA degradation. miR-375 is specifically expressed in the pancreatic islets, brain and spinal cord. Genetic manipulation of miR-375 levels can decrease cancer development and autoimmunity in affected cell types.

## Roles in Development

### Diabetes

miR-375 plays a critical role in diabetes by regulating the expression of related genes involved in pancreatic islet formation, pancreatic development, and β-cell secretion. These processes are related to diabetes because pancreatic islets contain β-cells that produce insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar. A person with diabetes will have high blood sugar either because their cells are not responding to insulin or because their pancreatic beta cells are not producing enough of it. In patients with type 2 diabetes, β-cell mass is reduced by up to 60% when compared to healthy individuals. Similarly, there is a decrease in β-cell mass per pancreatic area when miR-375 is knocked out in mice. In addition, miR-375 shows elevated expression levels during pancreatic development, which coincide with higher insulin expression and β-cell proliferation. Thus, evidence suggests that miR-375 is important for normal pancreatic islet formation and insulin secretion from β-cells. Because of the role miR-375 plays in regulating processes essential for healthy sugar metabolism, it may be a potential target for treating diabetes.

Diabetes is currently managed with exogenous insulin and islet cell transplantation. However, these treatments fall short in their attempts to reestablish the natural regulation of blood sugar and are limited by the scarcity of donor tissue, respectively. To address these concerns, scientists have begun investigating the potential of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), which are cells that can develop into many adult cell types including pancreatic β-cells. As such, hESCs have the potential to provide a limitless source of insulin-producing β-cells. However, creating mature β-cells from hESCs has proved challenging for researchers because the hESC-derived cells often secreted other hormones in addition to insulin. miR-375 may provide a new way to mature hESCs into β-cells because of its high expressivity in β-cells and its function in insulin release. Therefore, miR-375 is a promising target for the treatment of diabetes.

## Roles in Cancer

| Affected organ | Proposed mechanisms/applications |
| --- | --- |
| Liver | In cancerous liver cells, known as hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), miR-375 acts as a tumour suppressor. This was evidenced by a decrease in the rate of uncontrolled cell division through the inhibition of a well-known oncogene, *AEG-1*, in response to miR-375 overexpression. Recent studies show that when miR-375 is introduced into HCC cell lines, there is a reduction in cell proliferation, motility, and migration, as well as an increase in apoptosis *in vitro*. *In vivo* studies in mouse models of HCC also show reduced tumour growth with no apparent side effects. These results support potential strategies to increase miR-375 levels in HCCs to prevent metastasis. |
| Esophagus | miR-375 overexpression inhibits tumour growth and metastasis of esophageal cancer cells by inhibiting insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and proteins involved in the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. The PI3K/Akt signalling pathway promotes aerobic glycolysis, which is a hallmark of rapidly dividing cancer cells. Hence, a potential strategy for inhibiting proliferation in esophageal cancer cells would be to increase intracellular miR-375 levels. |
| Skin | Increased expression of miR-375 in Merkel cell carcinomas (MCC) is used as a marker to differentiate MCC from other common skin cancers. |

## Immunity

miR-375 is involved in many autoimmune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). For instance, miR-375 can be used as a factor to distinguish between the different types of IBD (e.g. Crohn's disease vs ulcerative colitis). In patients with T1DM, miR-375 dysregulation was observed in a number of tissues that were directly linked to the development of the disease. Furthermore, miR-375 is involved in the molecular aspects of immunity as miR-375 silencing decreases the production of pro-inflammatory macrophages and subsequent inflammatory response. While pro-inflammatory macrophages are responsible for killing pathogens, a sustained pro-inflammatory response leads to a long list of disorders (e.g. arthritis, asthma, atherosclerosis, blindness, cancer, and diabetes).

Since miR-375 silencing inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory macrophages, it can delay the onset of atherosclerosis (the main underlying cause of heart attacks and strokes) in mice, indicating its therapeutic potential in conditions accompanied by chronic inflammation. Interestingly, miR-375 enhances macrophage migration into cancer cells by targeting PNX and TSN3, which are both proteins involved maintaining cell structure and organization.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| mir-375 | |
| --- | --- |
| Conserved secondary structure of mir-375 | |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | mir-375 |
| Rfam | RF00700 |
| miRBase family | MIPF0000114 |
| Other data | |
| RNA type | microRNA |
| Domain(s) | *Eukaryota;* |
| PDB structures | PDBe |


title: Weston Manor

abstract: Weston Manor is an 18th-century plantation house on the south shore of the Appomattox River in Hopewell, Virginia.

text:
# Weston Manor

**Weston Manor** is an 18th-century plantation house on the south shore of the Appomattox River in Hopewell, Virginia.

## History

William and Christian Eppes Gilliam built their home, Weston Manor, in 1789 on land in Prince George County that was acquired two years earlier from her cousin John Wayles Eppes. The Gilliam family arrived in Virginia in the 17th century as indentured servants. By the late 18th century through hard work and smart marriages the family had amassed several plantations in the area. Christian was the daughter of Richard Eppes of neighboring Appomattox Plantation. Weston Manor was originally known as Western Manor because it was west of Appomattox Plantation, also known as Appomattox Manor.

## Current status

Weston Manor is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is noted for its period interior.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Weston Manor | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| Virginia Landmarks Register | |
|  | |
| Weston Manor | |
|  | |
| Location | Off VA 10 on S bank of Appomattox River, Hopewell, Virginia |
| Coordinates | 37°18′31″N 77°18′16″W / 37.30861°N 77.30444°W / 37.30861; -77.30444 |
| Area | 3 acres (1.2 ha) |
| Built | 1780 |
| Architectural style | Georgian |
| NRHP reference No. | 72001505 |
| VLR No. | 116-0002 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | April 13, 1972 |
| Designated VLR | November 16, 1971 |


title: Weser–Rhine Germanic

abstract: Weser–Rhine Germanic is a proposed group of prehistoric West Germanic dialects, which includes both Central German dialects and Low Franconian, the ancestor of Dutch. The term was introduced by the German linguist Friedrich Maurer as a replacement for the older term Istvaeonic, with which it is essentially synonymous. The term Rhine–Weser Germanic is sometimes preferred.

text:
# Weser–Rhine Germanic

**Weser–Rhine Germanic** is a proposed group of prehistoric West Germanic dialects, which includes both Central German dialects and Low Franconian, the ancestor of Dutch. The term was introduced by the German linguist Friedrich Maurer as a replacement for the older term **Istvaeonic**, with which it is essentially synonymous. The term *RhineWeser Germanic* is sometimes preferred.

## Nomenclature

The term *Istvaeonic* is derived from the Istvæones (or Istvaeones), a culturo-linguistic grouping of Germanic tribes, mentioned by Tacitus in his *Germania*. Pliny the Elder further specified its meaning by claiming that the Istævones lived near the Rhine. Maurer used Pliny to refer to the dialects spoken by the Franks and Chatti around the northwestern banks of the Rhine, which were presumed to be descendants of the earlier Istvaeones. The Weser is a river in Germany, east of and parallel to the Rhine. The terms *Rhine–Weser* or *Weser–Rhine*, therefore, both describe the area between the two rivers as a meaningful cultural-linguistic region.

## Theory

Maurer asserted that the cladistic tree model, ubiquitously used in 19th and early 20th century linguistics, was too inaccurate to describe the relation between the modern Germanic languages, especially those belonging to its Western branch. Rather than depicting Old English, Old Dutch, Old Saxon, Old Frisian and Old High German to have simply 'branched off' a single common 'Proto-West Germanic', he proposed that there had been much more distance between the languages and the dialects of the Germanic regions.

Weser–Rhine Germanic seems to have been transitional between Elbe Germanic and North Sea Germanic, with a few innovations of their own.

## Bibliography

* Tacitus, *Germania* (1st Century AD). (in Latin)
* Beck, Heinrich (2003). "Rhein-Weser-Germanen". In Beck, Heinrich; Geuenich, Dieter; Steuer, Heiko (eds.). *Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde*. Vol. 24. Berlin: De Gruyter. pp. 532–533. doi:10.1515/9783110906141. ISBN 3-11-017163-5. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
* Henriksen, Carol; van der Auwera, Johan (2013) \[First published 1994\]. "1. The Germanic Languages". In van der Auwera, Johan; König, Ekkehard (eds.). *The Germanic Languages*. London, New York: Routledge. pp. 1–18. ISBN 978-0-415-05768-4.
* Maurer, Friedrich (1952) \[First edition 1942\]. *Nordgermanen und Alemannen: Studien zur germanische und frühdeutschen Sprachgeschichte, Stammes- und Volkskunde*. Bibliotheca Germanica, 3 (3rd, revised, extended ed.). Bern, Munich: Francke.
* James, Edward (1988). *The Franks*. The Peoples of Europe. Oxford, UK; Cambridge, Massachusetts: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-17936-4.

* Robinson, Orrin W. (2003). *Old English and its Closest Relatives: A Survey of the Earliest Germanic Languages*. Routledge. ISBN 1134849001.
* Sonderegger, Stefan (1979). *Grundzüge deutscher Sprachgeschichte*. Vol. I. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-003570-7.
* Wells, C. J. (1987). *German: A Linguistic History to 1945*. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-815809-2.

## InfoBox

| Weser–Rhine Germanic | |
| --- | --- |
| Rhine–Weser Germanic, Istvaeonic | |
| Geographic<br>distribution | Around the Weser and Rhine rivers |
| Linguistic classification | Indo-European |
| Subdivisions |  |
| Language codes | |
| The distribution of the primary Germanic languages in Europe c.AD 1:   North Germanic   North Sea Germanic, or Ingvaeonic   **Weser–Rhine Germanic**, or Istvaeonic   Elbe Germanic, or Irminonic   East Germanic | |


title: Mir Asadollah Madani

abstract: Mir Asadollah Madani Dehkharghani was an Iranian politician and Shia cleric. He was the second Imam Jumu'ah of Tabriz, the Imam Jumu'ah of Hamadan, the representative of the Supreme Leader in East Azerbaijan for less than a year, and a member of the Muslim People's Republic Party. Madani was also Hamadan Province's representative in the first term of the Assembly of Experts. He was assassinated on 11 September 1981. According to Tehran radio, he was killed by a guerrilla with a grenade. Iranian government press sometimes refers to him as "the second martyr of Mihrab."

text:
# Mir Asadollah Madani

**Mir Asadollah Madani Dehkharghani** (Persian: میراسدالله مدنی) (1914 – 11 September 1981) was an Iranian politician and Shia cleric. He was the second Imam Jumu'ah of Tabriz, the Imam Jumu'ah of Hamadan, the representative of the Supreme Leader in East Azerbaijan for less than a year, and a member of the Muslim People's Republic Party. Madani was also Hamadan Province's representative in the first term of the Assembly of Experts.

He was assassinated on 11 September 1981. According to Tehran radio, he was killed by a guerrilla with a grenade. Iranian government press sometimes refers to him as "the second martyr of Mihrab."

## Political activity

In 1970, Mir Asadollah Madani returned to Iran in opposition to the rule of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. However, his actions resulted in him being exiled to Bandar Kangan. He was later arrested by SAVAK and was deported several times in the 1960s. He used SAVAK to escape the pressures of the religious spectrum in 1972, banishing him to the Valley Moradbeik around Hamedan. After the 1979 Iranian Revolution, he was appointed the Imam of Tabriz.

## Assassination

On 11 September 1981, at the end of the Friday prayer, Madani was approached by an unknown man. The man then detonated a grenade that was hidden under his clothes, which led to the death of Mir Asadollah Madani and three others, as well as leaving 50 people injured. Madani was killed in a mihrab and hence acquired the title "the second martyr of Mihrab," the first one being Ali ibn Abi Talib who was also assassinated while praying.

## Commemorations

## InfoBox

| Mir Asadollah Madani | |
| --- | --- |
| میر اسدالله مدنی | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Imam Jumu'ah of Tabriz | |
| **In office**
1981–1981 | |
| Appointed by | Ruhollah Khomeini |
| Preceded by | Mohammad-Ali Ghazi-Tabatabaei |
| Succeeded by | Moslem Malakouti |
| Imam Jumu'ah of Hamadan | |
| **In office**
1979–1981 | |
| Member of the Assembly of Experts | |
| Constituency | Hamadan Province |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1914
Azarshahr, Iran |
| Died | 11 September 1981 (aged 66–67)
Tabriz, Iran |
| Manner of death | Assassination (detonation of hand grenade) |
| Alma mater | Qom Hawza & the Hawza of Najaf |
|  | |


title: Samtredia

abstract: Samtredia is a town in Imereti, Georgia, lying in a lowland between the rivers Rioni and Tskhenis-Tsqali, 244 km (152 mi) west of the capital Tbilisi, and 27 km (17 mi) west of Georgia's third largest city Kutaisi. Georgia's most important roads and railways converge there, making Samtredia the country's vital transport hub. The Kopitnari Airport is also located in 10 km (6 mi) from Samtredia. The town's population is 25,318 as of the 2014 all-Georgia census. The climate is humid subtropical, with mild and warm winters and hot summers.

text:
# Samtredia

**Samtredia** (Georgian: სამტრედია \[samtʼɾedia\]) is a town in Imereti, Georgia, lying in a lowland between the rivers Rioni and Tskhenis-Tsqali, 244 km (152 mi) west of the capital Tbilisi, and 27 km (17 mi) west of Georgia's third largest city Kutaisi. Georgia's most important roads and railways converge there, making Samtredia the country's vital transport hub. The Kopitnari Airport is also located in 10 km (6 mi) from Samtredia. The town's population is 25,318 as of the 2014 all-Georgia census. The climate is humid subtropical, with mild and warm winters and hot summers.

## History

Samtredia evolved from a crucial railway junction in the 1870s and acquired town status in 1921. In the 1895s there was built the first school in town, 14th public school which today is known as 12th public school. Under Soviet rule, the local economy diversified from transportation to food and wood production.

Due to its strategic location, Samtredia played a prominent role in the civil unrest early in the 1990s when anti-Soviet opposition groups blocked the Samtredia junction from July 26 to 31 1990 in order to force the Soviet Georgian leadership to adopt a liberal election code. The junction was again blocked in March–April 1991, this time by the new government of Zviad Gamsakhurdia, in an attempt to exert pressure on the central Soviet authorities. This blockade, however, inflicted heavy damage not only to the economy of Georgia but to the neighbouring Armenia, which was largely dependent on Georgia’s railways.

In 1993, Samtredia became one of the major battlegrounds in the Georgian Civil War in which the forces loyal to the ousted President Gamsakhurdia confronted the post-coup government troops, and briefly controlled the town from October 17 to October 23, 1993, putting all communications to Tbilisi under threat. Although Samtredia has been stable ever since, the post-Soviet crisis resulted in a significant economic decline that have since only been partially reversed.

## Climate

| Climate data for Samtredia, 26 m asl (1971–2000 normals) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 21.8
(71.2) | 24.6
(76.3) | 28.8
(83.8) | 33.3
(91.9) | 35.7
(96.3) | 39.5
(103.1) | 41.1
(106.0) | 39.3
(102.7) | 36.5
(97.7) | 32.4
(90.3) | 29.5
(85.1) | 23.8
(74.8) | 41.1
(106.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.0
(48.2) | 9.7
(49.5) | 14.2
(57.6) | 20.7
(69.3) | 23.8
(74.8) | 27.4
(81.3) | 28.1
(82.6) | 28.7
(83.7) | 26.3
(79.3) | 21.9
(71.4) | 15.6
(60.1) | 11.0
(51.8) | 19.7
(67.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.7
(42.3) | 6.0
(42.8) | 9.6
(49.3) | 14.9
(58.8) | 18.1
(64.6) | 22.0
(71.6) | 23.7
(74.7) | 23.9
(75.0) | 20.9
(69.6) | 16.7
(62.1) | 11.5
(52.7) | 7.5
(45.5) | 15.0
(59.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.3
(36.1) | 2.3
(36.1) | 4.9
(40.8) | 9.0
(48.2) | 12.5
(54.5) | 16.5
(61.7) | 19.3
(66.7) | 19.1
(66.4) | 15.6
(60.1) | 11.5
(52.7) | 7.3
(45.1) | 3.9
(39.0) | 10.4
(50.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −11.4
(11.5) | −10.4
(13.3) | −9
(16) | −2.9
(26.8) | 3.2
(37.8) | 7.6
(45.7) | 12.0
(53.6) | 11.2
(52.2) | 5.8
(42.4) | 0.6
(33.1) | −2.5
(27.5) | −5.6
(21.9) | −11.4
(11.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 208.2
(8.20) | 136.4
(5.37) | 101.2
(3.98) | 79.0
(3.11) | 72.2
(2.84) | 105.0
(4.13) | 112.5
(4.43) | 117.9
(4.64) | 124.3
(4.89) | 140.0
(5.51) | 176.0
(6.93) | 185.8
(7.31) | 1,558.5
(61.34) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 14.8 | 12.2 | 11.0 | 8.8 | 9.4 | 10.3 | 9.1 | 8.3 | 8.7 | 9.0 | 12.5 | 13.5 | 127.6 |
| Source 1: Météo climat stats | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Source 2: Météo Climat | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Samtredia სამტრედია | |
| --- | --- |
| Samtredia Theatre | |
| SamtrediaLocation of Samtredia in GeorgiaSamtrediaSamtredia (Imereti) | |
| Coordinates: 42°09′45″N 42°20′30″E / 42.16250°N 42.34167°E / 42.16250; 42.34167 | |
| Country | Georgia (country) |
| Mkhare | Imereti |
| District | Samtredia |
| Established | 1921 |
| Elevation | 25 m (82 ft) |
| Population (January 1, 2024) | |
| Total | 21,063 |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (Georgian Time) |
| Climate | Cfa |
|  | |


title: Mary Jayne Gold

abstract: Mary Jayne Gold was an American heiress who played an important role helping European Jews and intellectuals escape from Nazi-occupied France in 1940–41, during World War II. Many had fled there in preceding years from Germany, where oppression had mounted.

text:
# Mary Jayne Gold

**Mary Jayne Gold** (August 12, 1909  October 5, 1997) was an American heiress who played an important role helping European Jews and intellectuals escape from Nazi-occupied France in 1940–41, during World War II. Many had fled there in preceding years from Germany, where oppression had mounted.

## Early years and education

Gold was born in the Chicago suburb of Evanston, Illinois to Margaret and Egbert H. Gold. Her father owned a company that manufactured radiators and heating systems. The family was very wealthy. Gold was educated at the Masters School at Dobbs Ferry, New York and a finishing school in Italy.

In the 1930s, her monied background enabled her to enjoy the vibrant social scene in London and Paris. Piloting her own airplane, she traveled around Europe, spending her time at luxury hotels, skiing at the best resorts in the Alps, and socializing with the elite of the day. By the time war broke out in 1939, she was living in Paris.

## During World War II

Gold was living in a Paris apartment in 1940 when France fell to the onslaught of the German army. She fled to the Mediterranean seaport of Marseille which, although not Nazi occupied, was under the control of the collaborationist Vichy regime. In Marseille she met Miriam Davenport, an American art student; and Varian Fry, an American journalist and intellectual. Acting as a representative of the Emergency Rescue Committee, formed in New York in 1940, Fry was to assist Jewish and anti-Nazi artists and intellectuals in leaving France. Marseille was the last free port in Europe. He had $3,000 and a short list of refugees, mostly Jews, under imminent threat of arrest by agents of the Gestapo. Other anti-Nazi writers, avant-garde artists, musicians and hundreds of others desperately seeking any chance to escape France came to his door. In the 1940 armistice agreement between Germany and defeated France, France had agreed to "surrender on demand" refugees to the Nazis.

Instead of returning to the United States, Gold chose to remain in France. She joined Fry and Davenport, along with other volunteers, in sheltering refugees and organizing their escape through the mountains to Spain and neutral Portugal, or by smuggling them aboard freighters sailing to either North Africa or ports in North or South America. She was helped in part by Raymond Couraud, a French Foreign Legionnaire who had become a local gangster after returning to France, and her lover. Gold helped subsidize the ERC operation, which is credited with participating in the rescue of some 2,000 refugees. Among the escapees were notables such as the sculptor Jacques Lipchitz, artist Marc Chagall, writer Hannah Arendt, and physician and biochemist Otto Meyerhof, a Nobel Prize winner.

The Vichy government had been monitoring Fry's activities and arrested him in the fall of 1941, forcing him to return to the United States. About then, Gold was also forced to leave France, and returned to the US. Couraud escaped through Spain and went to England, where he became a war hero flying in the Special Air Service.

## After the war

After the war, Gold maintained an apartment in New York City but lived primarily in a house she had built in the village of Gassin, Var, not far from Saint-Tropez. In 1980, she published a memoir about her wartime experiences, *Crossroads Marseilles, 1940*. The memoir was published by Doubleday and translated into French in 2001 by Alice Seelow. Mary Jayne Gold's literary estate was left to Pierre Sauvage.

Gold never married and had no children. She died of pancreatic cancer on October 5, 1997, at her villa in Gassin, France. She was interred at Pilgrim Home Cemetery in Michigan.

Her niece, Alison Leslie Gold, is a well-known author of books on the Holocaust. She is known for *Anne Frank Remembered: The Story of the Woman Who Helped Hide the Frank Family* (1987), which was co-written with Miep Gies.

## Representation in other media

## Published work

*Crossroads Marseilles, 1940* (1980) OCLC 606049313

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Mary Jayne Gold | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1909-08-12)August 12, 1909
Chicago, Illinois |
| Died | (aged 88)
Gassin, Var, France |