title: NLRP9

abstract: NLRP9, short for NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 9, is an intracellular protein that is expressed in the ovaries, testes, oocytes, and preimplantation embryos of mammals that is likely involved in reproductive processes. It is also known as NALP9, NOD6, PAN12, and CLR19.1, and is one of 14 pyrin domain containing members of the NOD-like receptor family of cytoplasmic receptors.

text:
# NLRP9

**NLRP9**, short for NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 9, is an intracellular protein that is expressed in the ovaries, testes, oocytes, and preimplantation embryos of mammals that is likely involved in reproductive processes. It is also known as NALP9, NOD6, PAN12, and CLR19.1, and is one of 14 pyrin domain containing members of the NOD-like receptor family of cytoplasmic receptors.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| NLRP9 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | NLRP9, CLR19.1, NALP9, NOD6, PAN12, NLR family, pyrin domain containing 9, NLR family pyrin domain containing 9 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 609663; MGI: 2675377; HomoloGene: 18530; GeneCards: NLRP9; OMA:NLRP9 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_176820   NM\_194058   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_789790   NP\_918947   Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 55.71 – 55.74 Mb Chr 7: 19.73 – 19.81 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Pterostichus lanei

abstract: Pterostichus lanei is a species of woodland ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Pterostichus lanei

***Pterostichus lanei*** is a species of woodland ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in North America.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Pterostichus lanei* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Pterostichus* |
| Species: | ***P. lanei*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pterostichus lanei***<br>Van Dyke, 1926 | |
|


title: William R. Keith

abstract: William Raymond Keith was an American businessman and politician.

text:
# William R. Keith

**William Raymond Keith** (October 24, 1929  January 30, 2009) was an American businessman and politician.

## Biography

Born in Jackson, Michigan, Keith served in the United States Army. He went to the University of Michigan School of Banking. Keith was involved in the banking business and lived in Garden City, Michigan. He served on the Garden City Board of Education. Keith served in the Michigan House of Representatives from 1973 to 1982 and from 1993 to 1994. He was a Democrat. He died on January 30, 2009.


title: Weeton-with-Preese

abstract: Weeton-with-Preese is a civil parish in the Borough of Fylde in Lancashire, England, beside the Blackpool to Preston railway line and the M55 motorway, just east of Blackpool and 3.5 miles (5.6 km) north west of Kirkham. It contains the village of Weeton.

text:
# Weeton-with-Preese

**Weeton-with-Preese** is a civil parish in the Borough of Fylde in Lancashire, England, beside the Blackpool to Preston railway line and the M55 motorway, just east of Blackpool and 3.5 miles (5.6 km) north west of Kirkham. It contains the village of **Weeton**.

## Geography and administration

Weeton is in the Fylde parliamentary constituency and the Staining and Weeton electoral ward. The area is mostly rural.

The parish covers an area of 2,876 acres (1,164 ha) east of Blackpool, and in 2001 had a population of 1,096, decreasing to 656 at the 2011 census. Preese — which has recognition in the official name — has no separate measurement while Mythop (or less commonly Mythorp) has its area recorded as 677 acres (274 ha). Mythop, not recognised in the parish name, is divided from Weeton by mossland and by the Preston to Blackpool railway line.

In the east, Weeton occupies most of the southern half of the parish, with Mythop in the south western corner, the northern half containing Preese on the west and Swarbrick on the east. Watson argues that these sub-manors — each with its own hall — may be based on the ancient pre-Conquest quarterland divisions characteristic of the Irish Sea cultural basin of Celtic North Wales and the Isle of Man. Each of the four manors occupies an area of slightly higher ground, each divided from the others by depressions: Weeton is 112 feet (34 m) above sea level, Swarbrick and Preese 100 feet (30 m) and Mythop 50 feet (15 m).

In an unpublished article, Watson (1994) "chases the shadows left on the ground" by suggesting that "the Manx Balla or Treen and the Welsh Tref offer a model for the Lancastrian township with its fourfold manorial division of approximately five thousand acres of land". Although the modern day Weeton with Preese is just over half this size, Watson argues that "the documentary facts support the still discernible evidence of the quarterland skeletal frame of the townships surviving from the days of the comital estates. The evidence is further bolstered by the existence of four principal houses in most of the lowland and non-vaccary townships in the Amounderness Hundred".

A road from Kirkham goes west and then north to Weeton and through Swarbrick to Singleton. From Weeton a road goes west through Mythop to Marton and Blackpool, another east to Greenhalgh and another south to Great Plumpton. The railway branch line to Blackpool crosses the south-west corner, cutting beneath the Mythop Road, south-east of Westfield Cottages.

## History

The place-name Weeton — first recorded in the Domesday Book as *Widetun* — derives from the Old English *wiðig* (willow) and *-tūn* (settlement). The village presumably derived its name from the presence of indigenous or farmed willow trees. To this day, there are fine specimens of willow trees in Weeton.

After 1066 the lordship of Weeton passed from the Northumbrian Earl Tostig to the Norman warlord Roger of Poitou. Weeton’s value at this time was assessed at "two carucates" (an area of arable land that could be worked in one day by two ploughteams).

Some time after the Domesday survey, the lordship of Weeton passed to the Butler family, early lords of the Amounderness Hundred, who in 1328 became the Earls of Ormonde. In the fourteenth century the Butlers owned extensive lands, mills and fisheries in the manors of Weeton, Little Marton, Treales, Wesham, Mowbreck, Greenhalgh, Thistleton, Out Rawcliffe, Bradkirk, Medlar and Esprick.

The manors of Weeton, Preese, Mythop and Swarbrick were acquired by Sir Thomas Stanley of Lathom, later the first Earl of Derby, in 1400. They continued as part of the family estate until 1955. In the nineteenth century, the Earl of Derby commonly used the title "Baron of Weeton". The title is no longer used and although there is evidence it may also have been used by Theobald Walter in the twelfth century, Weeton's status as a barony was it seems always a matter of dispute.

Preese Hall was the ancient seat of the Prees family. On the death of Margery de Prees, about 1401, it passed to her nephew, Edmund Skillicorne and it remained in the Skillicorne family until about 1612 when the manor was sold.

By 1522, the estate had expanded to include the manors of Treales, Wesham, Out Rawcliffe, Little Marton, Greenhalgh, Plumpton and other lands. On 4 October 1637, William, 6th Earl of Derby, surrendered to James, Lord Strange, the manor of Weeton and various other ones, to enable him to make leases.

In 1670, a charter from Charles II granted Weeton an annual fair for the sale of cattle and small wares to take place on the Tuesday and Wednesday following Trinity Sunday. Tolls were to be paid to the Earl of Derby and are recorded in the Bailif's Accounts for the manor from 1682 (they amounted to £4 12s in that year). During the seventeenth century, a weekly fair also took place in the parish. The Trinity fair began to falter in the 1920s as local cattle-farmers sought richer markets for their stock. The fair was eventually reduced to a huddle of bring-and-buy stalls on the triangular "goose green" at the centre of the village, and was eventually replaced by the annual Gala.

The village also had a windmill, *Weeton Windmill*, which was built in 1812. It fell into disrepair and was demolished in the 1950s.

One of the most notable local families were the *Jollys of Mythop* who dominated village life for more than three hundred years. Members of the family were largely responsible for the draining of Marton Mere in the eighteenth century. Their most renowned son was Edward Jolly (1664–1738) declared *Master of Mythop* in 1715, for his exploits in the Battle of Preston (known colloquially as the *Preston Fight*). The family was also related to Major James Jolly, Oliver Cromwell's Provost-Marshal General for Lancashire, and Thomas Jolly, founder of Congregationalism.

## Modern day village

The Church of St. Michael's was founded in 1843 and has a number of historic gravestones in the graveyard, including many relating to the Jolly family.

Adjacent to the church is the primary school, Weeton St. Michael's Church of England Junior School. Each year the village hosts the *Weeton Gala*.

The one public house in the village, the Eagle at Weeton (previously the Eagle and Child), dates back to 1585 and takes its name from the family crest of local landowner Lord Derby. It is claimed to be one of the Fylde's oldest pubs. The mounting steps at the front of the inn date from 1755 and it is believed that Oliver Cromwell stayed at the premises.

In October 2007 one of the largest sales in the region for some time of Holstein cattle took place at Preese Hall Farm with the first sale to disperse the milking portion of the Loftus family's noted old established Weeton herd. Cuadrilla Resources conducted the first hydraulic fracturing trial in the United Kingdom to produce shale gas nearby at Preese Hall, starting in 2011. In 2022 Preese Hall became the home of Black Powder Gin.

## Weeton Barracks

One mile from the village centre are Weeton Barracks. There was also a RAF base nearby during the World Wars. Royal Air Force Weeton continued long after the Second World War, throughout the years of National Service, until the army took over the base in the late 1950s or early 1960s. It was the RAF's MT (Motor Transport) training school for drivers and technicians—the huge Queen Mary aircraft transporters, with 'L' plates, were a common site in the lanes around Weeton.

Across the road from RAF Weeton was a separate RAF unit, RAF Hospital Weeton, the main RAF Hospital for the north of England. The two were wholly separate administrative and operational units. The site of the hospital has been a derelict waste ground for many years, with just the old concrete turning circle for ambulances visible in the scrub, opposite the main gate of the barracks.

## Notable people

Media related to Weeton-with-Preese at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Weeton-with-Preese | |
| --- | --- |
| St Michael's Church | |
| Weeton-with-PreeseShown within Fylde BoroughWeeton-with-PreeseShown on the FyldeWeeton-with-PreeseLocation within Lancashire | |
| Population | 656 *(2011)* |
| OS grid reference | SD3834 |
| Civil parish | * Weeton-with-Preese |
| District |  |
| Shire county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | PRESTON |
| Postcode district | PR4 |
| Post town | BLACKPOOL |
| Postcode district | FY3, FY4 |
| Dialling code | 01253 |
|  | |
| Police | Lancashire |
| Fire | Lancashire |
| Ambulance | North West |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Włodzimierz Heliński

abstract: Włodzimierz Heliński was a Polish speedway rider.

text:
# Włodzimierz Heliński

**Włodzimierz Heliński** (16 July 1955 – 1 May 2021) was a Polish speedway rider.

## Biography

He obtained his speedway license in 1974. In the competition of the Polish team championship (DMP), he represented the clubs of "Unia" Leszno (1979–1985) and "Start" Gniezno. He won seven DMP medals: three gold (1979, 1980, 1984), two silver (1982, 1983) and two bronze (1981, 1985). In 1980 he won the Polish team Cup, and in 1984 in Toruń - the title of the Polish champion of club pairs.

Heliński was promoted to the finals of the individual Polish championships three times, in 1983 (Gdańsk - 8th place), 1984 (Gorzów Wielkopolski - 11th place) and 1990 (Lublin - 12th place). He twice stood on the podium of the Alfred Smoczyk memorials held in Leszno (1980 - 2nd place, 1982 - 3rd place).

## InfoBox

Włodzimierz Heliński
| Born | (1955-07-16)16 July 1955<br>Leszno, Poland |
| --- | --- |
| Died | 1 May 2021(2021-05-01) (aged 65) |
| Nationality | Polish |
| Career history | |
| 1979–1985 | Unia Leszno |
| 1988–1990 | Start Gniezno |
|  | |
| Team honours | |
| 1979, 1980 | Polish League Champion |
|  | |


title: Necros

abstract: Necros was an early American hardcore punk band from Maumee, Ohio, although they are usually identified with the Detroit music scene. They were the first band to record for Touch and Go Records.

text:
# Necros

**Necros** was an early American hardcore punk band from Maumee, Ohio, although they are usually identified with the Detroit music scene. They were the first band to record for Touch and Go Records.

## History

Necros was formed in mid-1979 by then-teenagers Barry Henssler (vocals), Andy Wendler (guitar), and Todd Swalla (drums). After going through a handful of bassists (including Donny Brook, Jeff Allsop, David Cooke, Brian Hyland, Jeff Lake, and Brian Pollack), Corey Rusk joined the band. Barry Henssler had struck up a friendship with Tesco Vee and Dave Stimson of *Touch and Go* magazine after sending them a copy of his own 'zine, *Smegma Journal*. Vee and Stimson became fans and put out the band's first record, a self-titled 4-song 7-inch EP (recorded prior to Rusk joining) most commonly known as "Sex Drive". This was Touch and Go Records' (then spelled "Rekords") first release and was limited to only 100 copies.

Andy Wendler left the band in 1981 (although he continued to write for them) and Brian Pollack joined on guitar. Later that year, the band recorded and released another self-titled 7-inch record known as "IQ32", produced by Minor Threat vocalist Ian MacKaye. This nine-song effort was jointly released by Touch and Go (which Rusk now had a hand in running) and MacKaye's own Dischord Records. Wendler rejoined on guitar in late 1982 and, in 1983, the band recorded and released two more records, a 7-inch and LP both titled *Conquest For Death*.

Early on, Necros played with many prominent punk bands, including Black Flag, Bad Brains, Sonic Youth, Minor Threat, and Tesco Vee's group The Meatmen. Necros also toured as openers for horror punk band the Misfits, including at the Misfits' last show in which Todd Swalla stepped in to play drums when Misfits drummer Brian Damage became too drunk to perform.

In 1983, Corey Rusk quit the group to concentrate on Touch and Go, after assuming full control of the label and bassist Ron Sakowski stepped in. Despite the group's steady output at their onset, the band did not release another record for two years. In an interview with *One Solution* zine, vocalist Barry Henssler blamed the delay between releases on Rusk's refusal to give the band a definite answer as to whether or not they were still on Touch and Go. The label has since deleted their Necros releases from their catalogue.

The next Necros release came in 1985 as a split LP with White Flag entitled *Jail Jello*, on Gasatanka Records. Now featuring a more distinctly post-hardcore sound, the band followed up the split with 1986's *Tangled Up* LP on Restless Records, along with a single of the same name on Gasatanka. After spending 1987 touring, first with Megadeth and then later the Circle Jerks, the group called it quits. A live album, *Live or Else*, appeared posthumously in 1989.

## Post break up

Barry Henssler went on to form the band Big Chief, who recorded for the Sub Pop label. Ron Sakowski and Todd Swalla reunited in the mid 1990s as part of the final line up of Touch and Go artists Laughing Hyenas. Andy Wendler played in a group called Gone In Sixty Seconds (also known as G.I.S.S.).

In 2002, a limited (only 450 copies pressed) split 10-inch with Authority Abuse was released by Wise Hoodlum Records featuring live Necros recordings from 1981–1983. The band's first demo was reissued as the "Ambionic Sound" 7-inch in 2012, named for the studio where it was recorded.

In 2005 Rykodisc reissued *Tangled Up* and *Live or Else* together on one CD, currently the only Necros material available on CD.

## Former members

* Barry Henssler - vocals (1979-1987)
* Todd Swalla - drums (1979-1987)
* Andy Wendler - guitar (1979-1981; 1982-1987)
* David Cooke - bass (1979)
* Brian Hyland - bass (1979-1980)
* Jeff Lake - bass (1980)
* Brian Pollack - bass (1980-1981); guitar (1981-1982)
* Corey Rusk - bass (1981-1983)
* Ron Sakowski - bass (1983-1987)

## Discography

### Studio albums

* *Conquest for Death* (1983, Touch and Go)
* *Tangled Up* (1987, Restless)

### EPs and singles

* *Sex Drive* 7-inch (1981, Touch and Go)
* *IQ32* 7-inch (1981, Touch and Go)
* *Conquest for Death* 7-inch (1983, Touch and Go)
* *Jail Jello* split 12-inch with White Flag (1985, Gasatanka)
* *Tangled Up* 7-inch (1985, Gasatanka)
* *Necros/Authority Abuse* split 10-inch (2002, Wise Hoodlum)
* *Ambionic Sound* 7-inch (2012, Alona' Dream)
* *Club House Session* 7-inch (2013, Alona' Dream)

### Compilation and live albums

* Rat Music For Rat People Vol. II compilation album (1984, CD Presents, LTD.)
* *Live or Else* (1990, Medusa)
* *Tangled Up/Live or Else* compilation album (2005, Rykodisc)
* *Live in '85* live album (2014, Jett Plastic Recordings)

## InfoBox

| Necros | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Maumee, Ohio |
| Genres | Hardcore punk, post-hardcore |
| Years active | 1978–2014 |
| Labels | Touch and Go, Dischord, Gasatanka, Restless. Enigma, Rykodisc |
|  | |
| Past members | Barry Henssler
Andy Wendler
Todd Swalla
Corey Rusk
Brian Pollack
David Cooke
Brian Hyland
Jeff Lake
Ron Sakowski |


title: Musella lasiocarpa

abstract: Musella lasiocarpa, commonly known as Chinese dwarf banana, golden lotus banana or Chinese yellow banana, is the sole species in the genus Musella. It is thus a close relative of bananas, and also a member of the family Musaceae.

text:
# Musella lasiocarpa

***Musella lasiocarpa*** (syn. ***Musa lasiocarpa***), commonly known as **Chinese dwarf banana**, **golden lotus banana** or **Chinese yellow banana**, is the sole species in the genus ***Musella***. It is thus a close relative of bananas, and also a member of the family Musaceae.

## Distribution and habitat

The plant is native to Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan Provinces in China, where it grows high in the mountains up to an altitude of 2500 m.

## Description

It is known for its erect, yellow pseudostems (see image), generally appearing during the second year of cultivation, that can last a few months. Just before opening, the yellow, flower-like pseudostem resembles a lotus \- from which the plant gets one of its names.

## Horticulture

Under its synonym *Musa lasiocarpa*, this plant has won the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. It can be grown outside, but requires protection from freezing temperatures.

## InfoBox

| Chinese dwarf banana | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Zingiberales |
| Family: | Musaceae |
| Genus: | *Musella*
(Franch.) C.Y.Wu ex H.W.Li |
| Species: | ***M. lasiocarpa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Musella lasiocarpa***
(Franch.) C.Y.Wu ex H.W.Li | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Mehis Heinsaar

abstract: Mehis Heinsaar is an Estonian writer. He has mainly written short stories. His stories represents the style of magical realism. He has won many awards, for example, the Friedebert Tuglas Short Story Award three times.

text:
# Mehis Heinsaar

**Mehis Heinsaar** (born 1 August 1973) is an Estonian writer. He has mainly written short stories. His stories represents the style of magical realism.

He has won many awards, for example, the Friedebert Tuglas Short Story Award three times (2000, 2002, 2010).

## Works

* 2001: short story collection "Vanameeste näppaja" ('The Snatcher of Old Men')
* 2001: short story collection "Härra Pauli kroonikad" ('The Chronicles of Mr. Paul')
* 2007: short story collection "Rändaja õnn" ('The Traveller's Happiness')


title: WB Channel

abstract: WB Channel was an Indian pay television channel. It was launched on 15 March 2009 by Warner Bros. Discovery India through its international division exclusively for the Indian subcontinent. The channel featured a mix of Hollywood films and (formerly) television dramas from the Warner Bros. Vault. The channel was shut down on 15 December 2020 a little after midnight interrupting the airing of the Area 51 movie. The channel was closed along with HBO India.

text:
# WB Channel

**WB Channel** (short for **W**arner **B**ros.) was an Indian pay television channel. It was launched on 15 March 2009 by Warner Bros. Discovery India (then TimeWarner) through its international division exclusively for the Indian subcontinent. The channel featured a mix of Hollywood films and (formerly) television dramas from the Warner Bros. Vault.

The channel was shut down on 15 December 2020 a little after midnight interrupting the airing of the *Area 51* movie. The channel was closed along with HBO India.

## History

WarnerMedia announced on 15 October 2020 that HBO South Asia and WB Channel would close down on 15 December 2020. The HBO channel would no longer be available in India and Pakistan after this date, while WB Channel ceased to exist in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and the Maldives.

HBO India had closed down at midnight with the last movie on the SD channel being *Mad Max: Fury Road* (completed 1 hour before the shutdown) and the last movie on the HD channel being *Memoirs of a Geisha*. HBO Pakistan was also closed down at midnight.

## InfoBox

WB Channel
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | India |
| Broadcast area | Indian subcontinent |
| Headquarters | Mumbai, Maharashtra |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | English |
| Picture format | 16:9 SDTV |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Warner Bros. Discovery India |
| Sister channels |  |
| History | |
| Launched | 15 March 2009 |
| Closed | 15 December 2020 |


title: WB Games Boston

abstract: WB Games Boston is an American video game developer. The studio is best known for its massive multiplayer online role-playing games, Asheron's Call, Dungeons & Dragons Online, and The Lord of the Rings Online. In April 2010, the company was acquired by Warner Bros. Home Entertainment for $160 million and became a part of Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, the video game division of Warner Bros. Entertainment.

text:
# WB Games Boston

**WB Games Boston** (formerly **Turbine Inc.**, then **Turbine Entertainment Software Corp.**, and originally **CyberSpace, Inc.**) is an American video game developer. The studio is best known for its massive multiplayer online role-playing games, *Asheron's Call*, *Dungeons & Dragons Online*, and *The Lord of the Rings Online*.

In April 2010, the company was acquired by Warner Bros. Home Entertainment for $160 million and became a part of Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment (now Warner Bros. Games), the video game division of Warner Bros. Entertainment.

## History

Turbine was founded as CyberSpace, Inc in April 1994 by Jeremy Gaffney, Jonathan Monserrat, Kevin Langevin, and Timothy Miller, some of whom were students from the Artificial Intelligence Lab at Brown University. In 1995, the company was based in Monserrat's mother's house with 12 staff members. They found an office in Providence, Rhode Island but later moved to Westwood, Massachusetts to better take advantage of the software engineers coming out of Boston's colleges. As CEO, Monsarrat used free food and office pranks to keep staff motivated.

In 1995, the company changed its name to Turbine Entertainment Software Corp. In 1999, the company's first game, *Asheron's Call*, was released. It was notable for being the third 3D MMORPG, following the launch of *Meridian 59* and then *EverQuest*. Its most notable feature, designed by Monsarrat, was a "loyalty" system giving new and experienced players incentives to work together. The Olthoi was the first monster developed for *Asheron's Call*, designed by Joe Angell.

After *Asheron's Call*, the company went on to make a sequel, *Asheron's Call 2: Fallen Kings*, which came out in 2002 (just after the first *Asheron's Call* expansion). However, after only one expansion, *Asheron's Call 2: Fallen Kings* shut down in 2005. In the same year, Turbine Entertainment Software Corp. changed its name to Turbine, Inc.

In 2006, Turbine released *Dungeons & Dragons Online: Stormreach*. Early reception was positive, but the game was criticised for poor solo play. In 2007, Turbine released *The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar*, which got positive reviews and was seen as a needed boost for the company.

In 2009, *Dungeons and Dragons Online* was suffering a low playerbase; in an attempt to save the game, Turbine replaced the traditional monthly subscription model with a free to play one. In 2010, Turbine also moved *The Lord of the Rings Online* (which was then on its second expansion) to a free-to-play model. In the same year, Turbine was purchased by Warner Bros. Home Entertainment for $160 million.

In 2012, Turbine brought back *Asheron's Call 2: Fallen Kings*.

The game's development of *Infinite Crisis* ended on August 14, 2015.

The company was hit with layoffs for three years consecutively starting from 2014. While Turbine's focus was shifted to develop free-to-play mobile games by Warner Bros. in 2016, the servers for both *The Lord of the Rings Online* and *Dungeons & Dragons Online* were maintained and supported.

By December 2016, Turbine was no longer involved with the development of *The Lord of the Rings Online* or *Dungeons & Dragons Online*. Instead a spin-off studio under the name of *Standing Stone Games* was formed to take over further development of the game, with game staff moving from Turbine to the new studio. As part of this transition, Daybreak Game Company became the new publisher, taking over from Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. *Asheron's Call* IP remained as a property of Turbine, and the servers for both *Asheron's Call* and *Asheron's Call 2: Fallen Kings* were closed on January 31, 2017.

By November 2018, the studio was rebranded and became WB Games Boston.

## Games developed

| Year | Title | Platform(s) | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | PC | Mobile |
| 1999 | *Asheron's Call* | Microsoft Windows |  |
| 2002 | *Asheron's Call 2: Fallen Kings* | Microsoft Windows |  |
| 2006 | *Dungeons & Dragons Online* | Microsoft Windows, OS X |  |
| 2007 | *The Lord of the Rings Online* | Microsoft Windows, OS X |  |
| 2015 | *Infinite Crisis* | Microsoft Windows |  |
| 2016 | *Batman: Arkham Underworld* |  | Android, iOS |
| 2017 | *Game of Thrones: Conquest* |  | Android, iOS |

## InfoBox

Warner Bros. Games Boston
|
|  |
| Formerly | * CyberSpace, Inc.
(1994–1995) * Turbine Entertainment Software
(1995–2005) * Turbine Inc.
(2005–2018) |
| Company type | Subsidiary |
| Industry | Video games |
| Founded | April 1994 (1994-04) |
| Founder | * Jeremy Gaffney * Jonathan Monserrat * Kevin Langevin * Timothy Miller |
| Headquarters | Needham, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Key people | Steve Sadin
(vice-president and studio head) |
| Products |  |
| Parent | Warner Bros. Games
(2010–present) |


title: WBBI

abstract: WBBI is a commercial radio station licensed to Endwell, New York, and serving the Greater Binghamton area. The station is owned by iHeartMedia and broadcasts a country music format. The station's studios are located in Vestal, and its transmitter is on Robinson Hill Road in Endicott.

text:
# WBBI

**WBBI** (107.5 FM, "New Country B107.5") is a commercial radio station licensed to Endwell, New York, and serving the Greater Binghamton area. The station is owned by iHeartMedia and broadcasts a country music format. The station's studios are located in Vestal, and its transmitter is on Robinson Hill Road in Endicott.

## History

WBBI signed on in 1998 as country-formatted "B107.5." On March 31, 2003, the station ended the country format. An April Fools' Day prank in 2003 rebranded the station as rhythmic CHR, "107.5 Kiss-FM". The following day, WBBI announced it was time to say "Kiss off!" and flipped to classic rock, its new permanent format, branded as "Pure Classic Rock, 107.5 The Bear." The first play on the rechristened "The Bear" was "Won't Get Fooled Again" by The Who.

On September 15, 2010, WBBI changed its format from classic rock to classic hits, identified as "Big 107.5". On April 15, 2013, WBBI reverted to a country format, reviving the "B107.5" identity.

## InfoBox

WBBI
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Binghamton, New York |
| Frequency | 107.5 MHz |
| Branding | New Country B107.5 |
| Programming | |
| Format | Country |
| Affiliations | Premiere Networks |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations | WBNW-FM, WENE, WINR, WKGB-FM, WMXW |
| History | |
| First air date | 1998 (1998) |
| Call sign meaning | "Big Binghamton" or "Binghamton Big" (previous branding) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 18899 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 2,200 watts |
| HAAT | 166 meters (545 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 42°08′17″N 75°59′56″W / 42.138°N 75.999°W / 42.138; -75.999 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | b1075country.iheart.com |


title: Melanoplus

abstract: Melanoplus is a large genus of grasshoppers. They are the typical large grasshoppers in North America. A common name is spur-throat grasshoppers, but this more typically refers to members of the related subfamily Catantopinae. The largest grasshoppers of this genus can reach nearly 5 cm (2.0 in) in length, but most are smaller. Some are intricately patterned and colorful, others are drab. Melanoplus species eat grasses of all kinds, as well as leafy and grassy agricultural crops and garden plants. They feed on the leaves, and sometimes fruit, flowers, and buds, as well as tree bark. Many of the more notable agricultural pest grasshoppers belong here, including the Rocky Mountain locust, the most significant insect pest of the 19th century Great Plains, but now extinct.

text:
# Melanoplus

***Melanoplus*** is a large genus of grasshoppers. They are the typical large grasshoppers (and in some cases migratory "locusts") in North America. A common name is **spur-throat grasshoppers** (also "spurthroat" or "spur-throated grasshoppers"), but this more typically refers to members of the related subfamily Catantopinae.

The largest grasshoppers of this genus can reach nearly 5 cm (2.0 in) in length, but most are smaller. Some are intricately patterned and colorful, others are drab.

*Melanoplus* species eat grasses of all kinds, as well as leafy and grassy agricultural crops and garden plants. They feed on the leaves, and sometimes fruit, flowers, and buds, as well as tree bark. Many of the more notable agricultural pest grasshoppers belong here, including the Rocky Mountain locust, the most significant insect pest of the 19th century Great Plains, but now extinct.

## Selected species

New species are often being discovered and described in this genus where speciation runs rampant in isolated areas, involving speciation by hybridization.

Notes Bibliography * Cranshaw, Whitney (2004): *Garden Insects of North America: The Ultimate Guide to Backyard Bugs*. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-09561-2

## InfoBox

| *Melanoplus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Red-legged grasshopper (*Melanoplus femurrubrum*) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Orthoptera |
| Suborder: | Caelifera |
| Family: | Acrididae |
| Subfamily: | Melanoplinae |
| Tribe: | Melanoplini |
| Genus: | *Melanoplus*<br>Stål, 1873 |
|
| Species | |
| See list of *Melanoplus* species | |


title: Melanoplus angularis

abstract: Melanoplus angularis, the angularis spur-throat grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Melanoplus angularis

***Melanoplus angularis***, the **angularis spur-throat grasshopper**, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.

## InfoBox

| *Melanoplus angularis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Orthoptera |
| Suborder: | Caelifera |
| Family: | Acrididae |
| Tribe: | Melanoplini |
| Genus: | *Melanoplus* |
| Species: | ***M. angularis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Melanoplus angularis***<br>Little, 1932 | |
|


title: Melanoplus alabamae

abstract: Melanoplus alabamae, the alabama spur-throat grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Melanoplus alabamae

***Melanoplus alabamae***, the **alabama spur-throat grasshopper**, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.

## InfoBox

| *Melanoplus alabamae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Orthoptera |
| Suborder: | Caelifera |
| Family: | Acrididae |
| Tribe: | Melanoplini |
| Genus: | *Melanoplus* |
| Species: | ***M. alabamae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Melanoplus alabamae***<br>Hebard, 1920 | |
|


title: WBSR

abstract: WBSR, on-air as The Fan 101, is a United States radio station owned by Miracle Radio, Inc. Licensed to Pensacola, Florida, it currently airs a sports format. WBSR is the second oldest radio station in Pensacola and one of the first AM radio stations on the Florida Gulf Coast to add an FM translator. WBSR can be heard 24 hours a day at 1450 AM and 101.1 FM. It has been at the same location since 1946.

text:
# WBSR

**WBSR** (1450 AM), on-air as **The Fan 101**, is a United States radio station owned by Miracle Radio, Inc. Licensed to Pensacola, Florida, it currently airs a sports format. WBSR is the second oldest radio station in Pensacola and one of the first AM radio stations on the Florida Gulf Coast to add an FM translator. WBSR can be heard 24 hours a day at 1450 AM and 101.1 FM. It has been at the same location since 1946.

## History

WBSR was a successful Top 40 radio station from the 1960s to the mid-80s. Back then it was owned by Seaway Broadcasting. Notable DJs were Jay Thomas and Jim Golden. In January 1985, the station went off the air and was sold to Fred Brewer, owner of WMEZ (94.1 FM); it returned with a satellite-delivered oldies format. After a few years, it switched to a Soft Adult Contemporary format. In 2011, WBSR switched to Sports Talk format, branded as **ESPN Pensacola**, & became an affiliate of ESPN Radio.

On May 31, 2017, WBSR dropped its sports format and began stunting. On June 20, 2017, after less than a month of stunting, WBSR switched to a simulcast of contemporary Christian-formatted WOWB 90.9 FM Brewton, Alabama, branded as **WOW 101.1**.

On October 19, 2020, WBSR dropped its simulcast with WOWB and changed their format to sports, branded as "The Fan 101", with programming from Fox Sports Radio.

## InfoBox

WBSR
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Pensacola area |
| Frequency | 1450 kHz |
| Branding | *The Fan 101* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Sports |
| Affiliations | Fox Sports Radio
Florida Gators
Orlando Magic
Pensacola Ice Flyers
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Tampa Bay Lightning
Tampa Bay Rays |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Miracle Radio, Inc. |
| Sister stations | WPNN |
| History | |
| First air date | 1946 |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 18399 |
| Class | C |
| Power | 1,000 watts |
| Transmitter coordinates | 30°25′44.00″N 87°14′27.00″W / 30.4288889°N 87.2408333°W / 30.4288889; -87.2408333 |
| Translator(s) | 101.1 W266AL (Pensacola) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen live |
| Website | foxsportspensacola.com |


title: WBSS

abstract:
WBSS may refer to:
  - World Boxing Super Series, a professional boxing tournament
  - WBSS (AM), a radio station licensed to Pleasantville, New Jersey, United States
  - WDBF-FM, a radio station licensed to Mount Union, Pennsylvania, United States, which used the call sign WBSS from 2008 to 2009
  - WENJ, a radio station licensed to Millville, New Jersey, United States, which used the call sign WBSS-FM from 1988 to 2002
  - WTPA (AM), a radio station licensed to Pompano Beach, Florida, United States, which used the call sign WBSS from 1982 to 1986

text:
# WBSS

**WBSS** may refer to:

* World Boxing Super Series, a professional boxing tournament
* WBSS (AM), a radio station (1490 AM) licensed to Pleasantville, New Jersey, United States
* WDBF-FM, a radio station (106.3 FM) licensed to Mount Union, Pennsylvania, United States, which used the call sign WBSS from 2008 to 2009
* WENJ, a radio station (97.3 FM) licensed to Millville, New Jersey, United States, which used the call sign WBSS-FM from 1988 to 2002
* WTPA (AM), a radio station (980 AM) licensed to Pompano Beach, Florida, United States, which used the call sign WBSS from 1982 to 1986


title: Melanin Man

abstract: Melanin Man is an album by the Jamaican musician Mutabaruka, released in 1994. Mutabaruka supported the album with a North American tour that included shows with Speech. "Bone Lie" was a hit in Jamaica.

text:
# Melanin Man

***Melanin Man*** is an album by the Jamaican musician Mutabaruka, released in 1994. Mutabaruka supported the album with a North American tour that included shows with Speech. "Bone Lie" was a hit in Jamaica.

## Production

The album was produced by Mutabaruka, Gussie Clarke, and Philip "Fatis" Burrell. Sly and Robbie played on *Melanin Man*; Dennis Brown, Cocoa Tea, and Freddie McGregor sang on the album.

The title track alludes to the pseudoscientific theory; it was also considered a black pride anthem. "Beware" offers advice to Nelson Mandela. "Miss Lou" is addressed to Louise Bennett-Coverley.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *MusicHound World: The Essential Album Guide* |  |

*The Washington Post* opined that "the unimaginative, mechanical dancehall rhythms and dub echoes pander to all the worst musical stereotypes and Mutabaruka's verse is all strident polemics full of abstract nouns with none of the sensual imagery and fresh metaphor of such musical Caribbean poets as Bob Marley and Shinehead." The *Chicago Tribune* admired the "squirmy licks, driving guitar and traditional Rastafarian chants" of "Beware". The *San Antonio Express-News* determined that *Melanin Man* "plays almost like a reggae/poetry opera."

*The Gazette* called the album "surely the most powerful release to date by Jamaica's most powerful dub poet." *The Hamilton Spectator* noted that "it's not all doom and gloom, as the album-ending 'Dance' testifies, but it is sober and serious stuff." The *Times Colonist* praised "the rollicking, church-indicting, ska-conked 'People's Court II'." The *St. Paul Pioneer Press* listed *Melanin Man* among the best albums of 1994.

AllMusic wrote that most of the songs "continue his tradition of unrelenting, pro-Jamaican, pan-African political fare."

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Melanin Man" |  |
| 2. | "Beware" |  |
| 3. | "Garvey" |  |
| 4. | "Killin" |  |
| 5. | "Bone Lie" |  |
| 6. | "Miss Lou" |  |
| 7. | "Lamentation" |  |
| 8. | "Columbus Ghost" |  |
| 9. | "People´s Court Part II" |  |
| 10. | "Haiti" |  |
| 11. | "Dance" |  |

## InfoBox

| Melanin Man | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Mutabaruka | |
| Released | 1994 |
| Genre | Dub poetry |
| Label | Shanachie |
| Producer | Mutabaruka, Gussie Clarke, Philip "Fatis" Burrell |
| Mutabaruka chronology | |
| *Blakk Wi Blak...K...K...*
(1991) ***Melanin Man***
(1994) *Gathering of the Spirits*
(1998) | |


title: Västergötland-class submarine

abstract: The Västergötland class of diesel-electric submarines entered service in 1987 in the Swedish Navy allowing the last Draken II class of subs to be retired.

text:
# Västergötland-class submarine

The ***Västergötland* class** of diesel-electric submarines entered service in 1987 in the Swedish Navy allowing the last Draken II class of subs to be retired.

## History

The original four ships of the class (*Västergötland*, *Hälsingland*, *Södermanland*, and *Östergötland*) were built between 1983 and 1988 by Kockums AB. The latter two have undergone comprehensive refits, including the insertion of a new hull section with an air-independent propulsion system equipped with Stirling engines. They have been recommissioned in 2003–2004 as the new *Södermanland* class.

*Västergötland* and *Hälsingland* were put in reserve until November 2005, when they were sold to the Republic of Singapore Navy as the *Archer* class. They were refitted to *Södermanland* class standards and received additional climatisation for use in tropical waters, and relaunched in 2009–2010.

*Östergötland* was decommissioned in 2021, leaving *Södermanland* as the last remaining ship of the class in Swedish service.

## Units

| Ship name | Laid down | Launched | Commissioned | Service | Refit | Status |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Västergötland* | 10 January 1983 | 19 July 1986 | 27 November 1987 | 1st Submarine flotilla | Sold to Republic of Singapore Navy 2005 (deal finished 2008); Recommissioned as *Archer*-class submarines | Active |
| *Hälsingland* | 1 January 1984 | 31 August 1987 | 20 October 1988 | | | Active |
| *Södermanland* | 1985 | 12 April 1988 | 21 April 1989 | | Refitted 2003–2004 to *Södermanland* class | Active |
| *Östergötland* | 1986 | 9 December 1988 |  | | Decommissioned 2021; In reserve |
|

## Further reading

* Darman, Peter, ed. (2004). *Twenty-first Century Submarines and Warships*. Military Handbooks. Rochester: Grange Books. ISBN 1-84013-678-2.
* Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen; Budzbon, Przemysław, eds. (1995). *Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995*. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-132-7.
* Miller, David (1989). *Modern Submarines*. Combat Arms. New York: Prentice Hall Press. ISBN 0-13-589102-7.

## InfoBox

| HSwMS *Västergötland* (left) | |
| --- | --- |
| Class overview | |
| Name | *Västergötland* class |
| Builders | Kockums |
| Operators |  |
| Preceded by | *Näcken* class |
| Succeeded by | *Gotland* class |
| Subclasses |  |
| Planned | 4 |
| Completed | 4 |
| Active | 3 |
| Retired | 1 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Submarine |
| Displacement | * Surfaced: 1,070 t (1,050 long tons; 1,180 short tons) * Submerged: 1,150 t (1,130 long tons; 1,270 short tons) |
| Length | 48.5 m (159 ft 1 in) |
| Beam | 6.1 m (20 ft 0 in) |
| Draft | 5.6 m (18 ft 4 in) |
| Propulsion | * 2 × Hedmora V12A/15 * 1 × Jeumont-Schneider electric motor |
| Speed | * Surfaced: 11 kn (20 km/h; 13 mph) * Submerged: 20 kn (37 km/h; 23 mph) |
| Complement | * 18 officers * 6 conscripts |
| Sensors and <br>processing systems | FAS |
| Armament | * 6 × 533mm tubes * 3 × 400mm tubes * Mines |


title: WCAM

abstract: WCAM is a radio station licensed to Camden, South Carolina, United States, broadcasting a classic country format. The station is currently owned by Kershaw Radio Corp. and features programming from Fox News Radio.

text:
# WCAM

**WCAM** (1590 AM) is a radio station licensed to Camden, South Carolina, United States, broadcasting a classic country format. The station is currently owned by Kershaw Radio Corp. and features programming from Fox News Radio.

## InfoBox

WCAM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 1590 kHz |
| Branding | *Carolina Country Classics* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Classic country |
| Affiliations | Fox News Radio |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Kershaw Radio Corp. |
| Sister stations | WPUB-FM |
| History | |
| First air date | July 24, 1948 |
| Former call signs | WACA (1948–1980) |
| Call sign meaning | W **CAM**den (community of license) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 34294 |
| Class | D |
| Power | 1,000 watts day<br>27 watts night |
| Transmitter coordinates | 34°13′26.00″N 80°40′43.00″W / 34.2238889°N 80.6786111°W / 34.2238889; -80.6786111 |
| Translator(s) | 98.7 W254DQ (Camden) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | WCAM Online |


title: WCAN-TV

abstract: WCAN-TV was a television station in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, which operated from 1953 to 1955. It was the second television station and first ultra high frequency (UHF) outlet in Milwaukee and was owned by Midwest Broadcasting Company. Affiliated with CBS throughout its history, it shut down when the network bought its primary competitor, WOKY-TV, taking with it the CBS affiliation; Poller sold the physical plant to CBS, while the WCAN-TV construction permit remained active and in force until 1969.

text:
# WCAN-TV

**WCAN-TV** (channel 25) was a television station in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, which operated from 1953 to 1955. It was the second television station and first ultra high frequency (UHF) outlet in Milwaukee and was owned by Midwest Broadcasting Company. Affiliated with CBS throughout its history, it shut down when the network bought its primary competitor, WOKY-TV (channel 19), taking with it the CBS affiliation; Poller sold the physical plant to CBS, while the WCAN-TV construction permit remained active and in force until 1969.

## Establishment

After the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) lifted its freeze on television station assignments in 1952, it opened up new channels in the UHF band, among them channels 19, 25, and 31 for Milwaukee. Radio station WCAN (1250 AM) originally had filed for channel 12, a very high frequency (VHF) assignment, but it opted to withdraw from that contest and apply from channel 25 because three other groups also sought channel 12. They were not alone in doing so. WFOX (860 AM) also applied for channel 12 and switched its application to channel 25 in the same week, setting up a potential comparative hearing. A third applicant, Harry Balaban's Northwestern Television Company, also filed for the channel but later amended its application to specify channel 19.

When WFOX then decided to go after channel 19, incorrectly believing that the recent award to the corporate owners of WOKY (920 AM) of a permit for a station in Madison disqualified them from receiving a permit for Milwaukee, WCAN was left alone on channel 25; on February 5, 1953, it received the first new construction permit for a Milwaukee television station in five years. Studio facilities would be split between WCAN's Third Street radio studios and the transmitter facility at Hales Corners, where the WCAN-TV transmitter was planned to be sited. However, by July, WCAN-TV had changed its plans to put the studios in the Towne Hotel and its antenna on a new mast atop the Schroeder Hotel. Affiliation with CBS was secured in August 1953, relieving Milwaukee's pre-freeze WTMJ-TV of its CBS hookup. Tower work was bogged down by rain that prevented completion of the mast and delayed the station in broadcasting test patterns.

At 11:30 p.m. on September 6, 1953, WCAN-TV began broadcasting, with local and CBS shows telecast from the start. By this time, Lou Poller had become the majority owner of Midwest Broadcasting Company, with the rest owned by Cy Blumenthal and Alex Rosenman. Effective radiated power was originally 22,000 watts, raised to 212,000 with the installation of a new transmitter at the start of 1954.

In October 1953, as part of a dispute over channel 12—then the only other assigned commercial VHF channel for Milwaukee—a proposal was formulated to add channel 6 to Milwaukee on a suggestion of Hearst Radio Inc., owner of radio station WISN (1130 AM). Poller unsuccessfully fought the proposal and also started an association of UHF television stations.

Despite being a UHF station in a market where only between 62 and 70 percent of television sets could receive UHF stations like WCAN-TV, ratings were above-average. One May 1954 article in *Billboard* found that, in early April, WCAN-TV beat WTMJ-TV in a string of key time slots with both CBS and local programs, at a time when other UHF stations were folding. WCAN-TV and fellow UHF outlet WOKY-TV, an ABC/DuMont affiliate on channel 19, both made money. The Towne Hotel sued WCAN-TV at one point for usurping its lobby after a station program 200 teens to the second-floor studios.

## Demise and activity after shutdown

On October 21, 1954, CBS agreed to purchase WOKY-TV for $335,000 in light of new ownership limits that allowed station groups to own five VHF plus two UHF stations; one reason CBS chose Milwaukee for a UHF outlet was because of WCAN-TV's strong promotion of UHF set conversion. While this might have otherwise dislodged ABC from channel 19 to replace the defecting CBS, a second VHF station, WTVW (channel 12), was about to launch. In an unusual complication, CBS paid Lou Poller $786,000 for the WCAN-TV physical plant atop the Schroeder Hotel and then was paid $286,000 for the WOKY-TV physical plant, including a new studio building, to which WCAN-TV would migrate. Poller would also be paid an early termination fee if WOKY-TV assumed the CBS affiliation any sooner than April 22, when the WCAN-TV–CBS affiliation agreement was set to expire. Meanwhile, WCAN radio was sold off when WEMP (1340 AM) purchased the entire transmitter facility and license to move to 1250. The changeover occurred after February 26, 1955, when WCAN-TV left the air; on February 27, WOKY-TV became the new CBS affiliate in Milwaukee as WXIX. WXIX also took on some of WCAN-TV's staff.

Poller filed a $4.35 million antitrust lawsuit against CBS, charging a conspiracy by CBS and others to force Poller out of business. He claimed that Storer Broadcasting had given Poller a firm offer to purchase WCAN-TV for $2 million and that, on assurances from CBS, Poller renewed a studio lease worth $500,000. The case was allowed to go to trial in February 1962 after the Supreme Court of the United States voted 5–4 that Poller was entitled to a trial after a lower court erred in issuing a summary judgment. However, this development was overshadowed by Poller's indictment on perjury charges later that year.

In 1958, the FCC shifted the UHF channel allocations in Milwaukee from channels 19, 25, and 31 to channels 18, 24, and 30, to eliminate second harmonic interference to reception of WXIX. The WCAN-TV construction permit was still in force at that time. Lou Poller sold the permit in 1966 to Field Communications, which had just put WFLD on the air in Chicago and had previously applied for a completely new construction permit for Milwaukee. Field sought to rezone a parcel in Mequon to house a new 999-foot (304 m) tower and studio; the station would serve as a part-time rebroadcaster of WFLD to originate up to 25 percent of its own programs. Field announced it would dispose of the permit in 1969, when it announced its intention to sell WFLD to Metromedia.

In 1973, a new station on channel 24, WCGV-TV, was awarded a construction permit. It began broadcasting in March 1980.

## InfoBox

WCAN-TV
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Channels |  |
| Programming | |
| Affiliations | CBS |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Midwest Broadcasting Company |
| History | |
| First air date | September 6, 1953 (1953-09-06) |
| Last air date | February 26, 1955 (1955-02-26) |


title: WFAT

abstract: WFAT is a radio station in Battle Creek, Michigan, United States, owned by Midwest Communications. Established in 1948 as WBCK, the station airs a classic hits/oldies format.

text:
# WFAT

**WFAT** (930 AM) is a radio station in Battle Creek, Michigan, United States, owned by Midwest Communications. Established in 1948 as WBCK, the station airs a classic hits/oldies format.

## History

WBCK began broadcasting July 9, 1948, with a Detroit Tigers baseball game as its first program. The station was a Mutual affiliate. WBCK featured a full-service MOR/adult contemporary format for years, evolving into news/talk by the mid-1990s.

The sale of the Battle Creek Radio Group from Clear Channel Communications to Cumulus Media has been completed. 95.3 WBXX began to simulcast with the news/talk format of AM 930 and WBXX's former adult contemporary format moved to 104.9 (formerly WRCC). 95.3 FM became the permanent home of WBCK's news/talk format. On March 21, 2008, AM 930 dropped the simulcast with 95.3 FM and started airing a classic country format and became known as Country 93. The format later evolved from classic country to contemporary country. On April 10, 2012, WBCK changed their format to sports, branded as "The Score." Programming came from CBS Sports Radio. Current Radio assumed the station's license from Cumulus on August 31, 2013.

Midwest Communications purchased WBCK for $175,000 on January 23, 2014. The sale was approved by the FCC on March 26, 2014, and was consummated on July 1, 2014. Michiguide.com reported on May 23, 2014 that Midwest Communications had also purchased a LPFM translator from the Calvary Radio Network in Battle Creek (W274AQ on 102.7 MHz) for $45,000, with the intention of repeating WBCK. On July 1, 2014, WBCK changed its callsign to WTOU and then went silent on July 3. On February 2, 2015, WTOU returned to the air with a simulcast of urban AC-formatted WNWN 1560 AM.

On September 12, 2019, WTOU dropped the simulcast with WNWN/Portage and changed their format to classic hits, branded as *The Fat One* under new WFAT calls. The branding and calls were previously used by sister station WZOX.

## InfoBox

WFAT
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | (Daytime)
(Nighttime) |
| Frequency | 930 kHz |
| Branding | *Fat One 102.7* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Classic hits/oldies |
| Affiliations | Westwood One
Detroit Lions Radio Network
Detroit Tigers Radio Network |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations | WNWN |
| History | |
| First air date | July 9, 1948 (as WBCK) |
| Former call signs | WBCK (1948–2014)
WTOU (2014–2019) |
| Call sign meaning | **W** The **FAT** One |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 37459 |
| Class | B |
| Power | 5,000 watts day
1,000 watts night |
| Transmitter coordinates | 42°17′31″N 85°11′00″W / 42.29194°N 85.18333°W / 42.29194; -85.18333 |
| Translator(s) | 102.7 W274AQ (Battle Creek) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen live |
| Website | 1027wfat.com |


title: WFIW (AM)

abstract: WFIW is an AM radio station broadcasting a news talk format. Licensed to Fairfield, Illinois, the station is currently owned by The Original Company, Inc., which also owns WFIW-FM 104.9 FM and WOKZ 105.9 FM. WFIW AM and FM simulcast their programming until February 15, 1983. WFIW carries a variety of local programming, as well as nationally syndicated shows such as Dave Ramsey, Rush Limbaugh, Clark Howard, Roger Hedgecock, Dr. Joy Browne, Coast to Coast AM, and Bill Cunningham.

text:
# WFIW (AM)

**WFIW** (1390 kHz) is an AM radio station broadcasting a news talk format. Licensed to Fairfield, Illinois, the station is currently owned by The Original Company, Inc., which also owns WFIW-FM 104.9 FM and WOKZ 105.9 FM. WFIW AM and FM simulcast their programming until February 15, 1983.

WFIW carries a variety of local programming, as well as nationally syndicated shows such as Dave Ramsey, Rush Limbaugh, Clark Howard, Roger Hedgecock, Dr. Joy Browne, Coast to Coast AM, and Bill Cunningham.

## History

WFIW began broadcasting on August 21, 1953. The station was originally owned by Thomas Smoot Land and Bryan Davidson, doing business as Wayne County Broadcasting Company. In May 1974, Thomas Land would take sole ownership of the station, and would later pass ownership of the station to his son, Dave Land. In 2012, Land sold WFIW, along with WFIW-FM and WOKZ, to The Original Company for $962,766.67.

WFIW originally ran 500 watts during daytime hours only. On May 25, 1961, the station's power was increased to 1,000 watts. From the early to mid 1980s, the station was an affiliate of Music of Your Life. By 1986, the station was airing a modern country format. By 1989, nighttime operations were added, running 87 watts. By 1991, the station had added news-talk programming. By 1993, the station was completely airing a talk format.

The call letters WFIW were originally assigned to a station in Hopkinsville, Kentucky. In 1932, that station was bought by George Norton Jr., and its transmitter was moved to Louisville, Kentucky, with the call letters being changed to WAVE.

38°22′46″N 88°19′33″W / 38.37944°N 88.32583°W / 38.37944; -88.32583

## InfoBox

WFIW
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Fairfield, Illinois |
| Frequency | 1390 kHz |
| Programming | |
| Format | News Talk / Sports |
| Affiliations | Genesis Communications Network
Premiere Networks
Radio America
USA Radio Network |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | The Original Company, Inc. |
| Sister stations | WFIW-FM, WOKZ |
| History | |
| First air date | August 21, 1953 |
| Call sign meaning | "Fairfield-Illinois-Wayne" |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 71167 |
| Class | D |
| Power | 710 watts day
58 watts night |
| Translator(s) | 103.3 W277CZ (Fairfield) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | www.wfiwradio.com |


title: WGBL

abstract: WGBL is a radio station based in Gulfport–Biloxi, Mississippi broadcasting a classic hip-hop format and new hip-hop. The station is owned by Telesouth Communications, Inc. and broadcasts their format with an ERP of 4.3 kW. WGBL broadcasts from the same transmitter tower as former sister station, WLGF, in Orange Grove.

text:
# WGBL

**WGBL** (96.7 FM, "G96-7") is a radio station based in GulfportBiloxi, Mississippi broadcasting a classic hip-hop format and new hip-hop. The station is owned by Telesouth Communications, Inc. and broadcasts their format with an ERP of 4.3 kW. WGBL broadcasts from the same transmitter tower as former sister station, WLGF, in Orange Grove.

## History

On December 20, 1976, after a comparative hearing, WGUF, Inc., owners of WGUF (1130 AM), received a construction permit from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for a new radio station to serve Gulfport on the FM band. WGUF-FM debuted on July 13, 1977, with a beautiful music format, complementing the AM's country music programming. By 1983, this had evolved into an adult contemporary format.

WGUF, Inc., Turnbough's company, filed to sell the AM and FM stations to Joyner Communications in August 1984, but the Joyner transaction fell through, leading to a second and successful sale to Caravelle Broadcast Group of Mississippi that October. Even after the sale, however, Turnbough and Broadcast Music, Inc., a performing rights organization, maintained a legal feud over back royalty payments owed for music played on the WGUF stations. Turnbough had a policy of purposely being behind on royalty payments, telling a *Sun Herald* reporter, "I always paid my bills late on purpose. I just don't like copyright fees. I don't think they give all the money to the people they're supposed to give it to."

On January 1, 1985, Caravelle relaunched the WGUF stations, giving both new call letters and separate programming: the FM became WQFX "Foxy 96", an urban contemporary station, while the AM changed to WAIZ "Big WAIZ Country". The country station proved a poor ratings performer in a market with a glut of similar stations and changed to an oldies format at the start of 1986, using the same WQFX call sign as the FM, and became a full-time simulcast of WQFX-FM after Steere Broadcasting of Kalamazoo, Michigan, acquired the pair for $1.25 million.

In the early 1990s, Steere entered into financial troubles that ended with a bankruptcy sale of both stations to Southern Horizons Broadcasting Corporation, owner of WXLS-AM-FM in Biloxi. The FM station, which had evolved to adult contemporary as "Mix 96", was described as "in turmoil" by its new owner; it began stunting, operations were moved in with WXLS in Biloxi, and its few staff were required to interview for positions with Southern Horizons.

In March 1993, Southern Horizons relaunched 96.7 as WXRG "Rock 96.7". However, loose ends continued from the Steere bankruptcy; one of the owners of Caravelle, Roger McBride, attempted to sue for ownership, and the equipment had been poorly maintained and had a high failure rate.

In January 1997, Southern Horizons reached a deal to sell its four stations to Gulf Coast Radio Partners, which had previously assumed management control. A major shuffle of formats and frequencies followed, with WXRG moving to 105.9 MHz and the adult contemporary sounds of WXLS moving to become WLRK "Lite Rock 96.7". The format proved to be unsuccessful, and in September 1999, the station flipped to the popular urban oldies format as WUJM "Jammin' Oldies 96.7".

### Molly @ 96.7/Hank-FM

In 2001, the "jammin' oldies" format was dropped, and WUJM flipped to hot adult contemporary as "Molly @ 96.7". The station proved to be quite successful for a few years until March 2005 when the station dropped the format for Classic Country as "96.7 Hank-FM" with the popular John Boy & Billy show in mornings.

### 96.7 The Champ

On August 27, 2011, WUJM dumped its classic country programming and began stunting with a loop of Gary Glitter's *Rock and Roll, Part 2*. On August 29, 2011, the station flipped to Sports Talk as "96-7 The Champ" with most of its programming coming from ESPN Radio. Matt Segal hosted mornings, while Johnny "Ballpark" Franks was the afternoon drive host. Segal left the Biloxi/Gulfport market in February 2013.

In July 2014, station owner Triad Broadcasting was sold to Alpha Media along with sister stations WCPR, WXYK, WQBB, and WTNI.

### 96-7 The Bull

When afternoon host Johnny "Ballpark" Franks left in early August 2014 to be the afternoon host for a Nashville sports station, "96.7 the Champ" lost its foundation to the local market along with loyal advertisers. So, on September 3, 2014, The Champ moved exclusively to former simulcasters WXBD and WTNI as 96.7 began stunting with a robotic countdown, using the same Microsoft Sam voice used by WQBB in 2010 counting down to September 5 at 5 p.m. At that time, 96.7 flipped to Country as "96-7 The Bull". The station launched with 10,000 songs in a row commercial free with the first song being *American Kids* by Kenny Chesney. It was also announced that radio vet Mark "Tic Tak" Allen would program the station. On September 10, 2014, the station changed its call letters to WGBL to match The Bull branding.

On January 5, 2015, The Bull added popular syndicated show *Rick & Bubba* for mornings.

### G96-7

On February 13, 2016, at 9 p.m., WGBL dropped the country format during the syndicated *Buckwild Saturday Night* show and began stunting with a simulcast of sister station WLGF "107-1 The Monkey". The country format had only achieved a 1.1 rating, a distant third behind two other stations in the market. The following afternoon at 5 p.m., the station flipped to classic hip-hop as *G96-7*.

In December 2018, Alpha Media announced that it would sell its Gulf Coast cluster to local Mississippi broadcast company Telesouth Communications, Inc., who already owns WOSM, the Biloxi affiliate of its Supertalk Mississippi network in the market. The FCC approved the $2.5 million sale on February 12, 2019, and it closed on March 1, 2019.

30°27′32″N 89°04′44″W / 30.459°N 89.079°W / 30.459; -89.079

## InfoBox

WGBL
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Biloxi-Gulfport, Mississippi |
| Frequency | 96.7 MHz |
| Branding | g 96.7 |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | English |
| Format | Classic hip-hop |
| Affiliations | Premiere Networks |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | * Stephen Davenport * (Telesouth Communications, Inc.) |
| Sister stations | WXYK, WOSM, WCPR-FM, WANG, WTNI |
| History | |
| First air date | 1977 |
| Former call signs | * WGUF-FM (1977–1985) * WQFX (1985–1986) * WQFX-FM (1986–1993) * WXRG (1993–1997) * WLRK (1997–1999) * WUJM (1999–2014) |
| Call sign meaning | "Gulfport Bull", from previous branding; also **G**ulfport-**B**i**l**oxi |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 61305 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 4,300 watts |
| HAAT | 119 meters (390 ft) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | g967gulfcoast.com |


title: WLEC

abstract: WLEC – branded as 1450 AM WLEC – is a commercial oldies/full service radio station licensed to Sandusky, Ohio. Owned by Fremont-based BAS Broadcasting, the station serves the Sandusky/Port Clinton/Lake Erie Islands market, including Erie, Ottawa, and Huron counties. WLEC is the local affiliate of Westwood One's America's Best Music, in addition to the Cleveland Guardians, the Cleveland Cavaliers, the NFL on Westwood One, and the Ohio State radio networks. The WLEC studios and transmitter are co-located in a Quonset hut east of Sandusky's downtown. In addition to a standard analog transmission, WLEC's programming simulcasts over low-power FM translator W228BN, and is also available online. In addition, WLEC is the home for weekly local high school football and basketball broadcasts.

text:
# WLEC

**WLEC** (1450 AM) – branded as **1450 AM WLEC** – is a commercial oldies/full service radio station licensed to Sandusky, Ohio. Owned by Fremont-based BAS Broadcasting, the station serves the Sandusky/Port Clinton/Lake Erie Islands market (collectively referred to as Vacationland and/or the Firelands), including Erie, Ottawa, and Huron counties.

WLEC is the local affiliate of Westwood One's America's Best Music, in addition to the Cleveland Guardians, the Cleveland Cavaliers, the NFL on Westwood One, and the Ohio State radio networks. The WLEC studios and transmitter are co-located in a Quonset hut east of Sandusky's downtown. In addition to a standard analog transmission, WLEC's programming simulcasts over low-power FM translator W228BN (93.5 FM), and is also available online.

In addition, WLEC is the home for weekly local high school football and basketball broadcasts.

## History

WLEC began broadcasting December 7, 1947, as a Mutual affiliate on 1450 kHz with 250 watts of power (full-time). The licensee was Lake Erie Broadcasting Company. After signing on, WLEC became a charter affiliate of the Cleveland Indians Radio Network—which originated from WJW (850 AM) and WJW-FM (104.1) starting with the 1948 season—WLEC has remained an affiliate and is the longest-tenured affiliate in the network. WLEC also became an affiliate of the Standard Network, also originating from WJW-FM, at the end of 1948.

WLEC and WLEC-FM (the latter was established a year prior) were purchased by former Cleveland Mayor Ray T. Miller's Cleveland Broadcasting Incorporated in January 1960; Miller founded both WERE (1300 AM) and WERE-FM (98.5) in Cleveland, and also owned WERC (1260 AM) in Erie, Pennsylvania, later purchasing KFAC (1330 AM) and KFAC (92.3 FM) in Los Angeles.

After Ray T. Miller's death in 1966, Cleveland Broadcasting Incorporated was acquired by Atlantic States Industries (ASI) for a combined $9 million in May 1968. Due to ASI already owning five AM stations and one FM station, and because of an interim policy/proposed rule by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) that prohibited the purchase of an AM and FM station in the same market—the "one-to-a-customer" policy—the FCC ordered the divestiture of WERE-FM, along with WLEC and WLEC-FM, to a third party. While General Cinema Corporation purchased WERE-FM after a prior divestiture attempt failed, WLEC and WLEC-FM were initially sold to RadiOhio that December, but that sale was also dismissed.

Both WLEC and WLEC-FM were ultimately retained by the sellers and spun off to a limited partnership, Lake Erie Broadcasting. Cleveland Broadcasting president Richard H. Miller became WLEC's general manager, then purchased both stations outright in August 1971, under the Miller Broadcasting name.

In July 1986 the station was sold by Miller Broadcasting, headed by Richard H. Miller of Cleveland, to Erie Broadcasting Co., owned by Cleveland's Jim Embrescia. After a brief period in the hands of Signal One Communications from October 1987 to May 1990, it passed, along with WCPZ FM 102.7, to Erie Broadcasting II, Inc., a new company also headed by Embrescia. The format at the time was full-service adult contemporary.

On April 30, 1997, it was announced that Jacor Communications, Inc. agreed to buy WLEC and WCPZ from Erie Broadcasting II, Inc. for $7.65 million. The sale was approved and the license transferred on June 25. In May 1999, Clear Channel Communications completed its $6.5 billion purchase of Jacor and its 454 stations, including WLEC.

WLEC itself maintained a pop standards/beautiful music format dubbed "American Music Classics". This was a traditional leaning standards format playing artists like Frank Sinatra, Barbra Streisand, Nat King Cole, Neil Diamond, Ella Fitzgerald, Tony Bennett, Carpenters, Ames Brothers, and others. The station also mixed in small amounts of contemporary artists doing standards such as Rod Stewart, Michael Bublé, Diana Krall, and others. WLEC dropped standards and switched to Fox Sports Radio on September 8, 2006.

On November 16, 2006, WLEC, WCPZ and WMJK were formally announced for sale as part of Clear Channel's divestiture of almost 450 small and middle-market radio properties in the U.S. The cluster was sold on January 15, 2008, to Fremont, Ohio based BAS Broadcasting, and BAS took over all three stations on February 1. WLEC then sort of changed back to a standards format on March 3, 2008, using the more classic adult contemporary Timeless format of soft oldies from the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s from ABC Radio (later Citadel Media).

Following Citadel Media's ending the Timeless format in February 2010, WLEC adopted the "Lounge" format from Dial Global Local (formerly part of the Waitt Radio Networks umbrella of formats). This went on until June 2012, when the Lounge was discontinued; WLEC then went with Dial Global's America's Best Music format, which is similar to "The Lounge".

WLEC changed the music portion of its format from Adult Standards/Soft AC to Oldies in July 2020. Music programming now comes from Local Radio Networks' "Super Hits" service.

FM translator

## InfoBox

WLEC
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area |  |
| Frequency | 1450 kHz |
| Branding | *AM 1450 93.5 FM WLEC* |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | English |
| Format | Oldies/Full service |
| Affiliations | ABC News Radio
Cleveland Cavaliers AudioVerse
Cleveland Guardians Radio Network
Ohio State Sports Network
Westwood One |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | BAS Broadcasting |
| Sister stations |  |
| History | |
| First air date | December 7, 1947 (1947-12-07) |
| Call sign meaning | founding owners Lake Erie Corporation |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 19705 |
| Class | C |
| Power | 1,000 watts |
| Transmitter coordinates | 41°26′28″N 82°41′14″W / 41.44111°N 82.68722°W / 41.44111; -82.68722 |
| Translator(s) | 93.5 W228EN (Sandusky) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen live |
| Website | www.wlec.com |


title: WLDN

abstract: WLDN is an FM radio station owned by Synergy Media and is licensed to Ludington, Michigan. WLDN broadcasts from studios in Ludington, Michigan along with sister stations WKLA, WWMN, WKZC, WMLQ, and WWKR. It runs a news/talk/sports format and can be heard as far north as Copemish, Michigan, as far east as Reed City, Michigan, and as far south as Whitehall, Michigan. Under certain conditions, it can be heard in parts of northeastern Wisconsin and in Traverse City, Michigan. However, WLDN encounters heavy interference to the south from WFGR, which also broadcasts on 98.7 from Grand Rapids, Michigan.

text:
# WLDN

**WLDN** is an FM radio station owned by Synergy Media and is licensed to Ludington, Michigan. WLDN broadcasts from studios in Ludington, Michigan along with sister stations WKLA, WWMN, WKZC, WMLQ, and WWKR. It runs a news/talk/sports format and can be heard as far north as Copemish, Michigan, as far east as Reed City, Michigan, and as far south as Whitehall, Michigan. Under certain conditions, it can be heard in parts of northeastern Wisconsin and in Traverse City, Michigan. However, WLDN encounters heavy interference to the south from WFGR, which also broadcasts on 98.7 from Grand Rapids, Michigan.

## History

WLDN received an original construction permit on October 18, 2011. At the time, the license was held by Lopester Broadcasting. Late in 2011, the CP was sold to Synergy Media, and the sale was consummated on January 25, 2012. In September 2012, WLDN started testing with a simulcast of sister station WMLQ, which already had (and still has) a translator in Ludington at 104.9 FM. WLDN started its current format in October, with its license being issued on October 17, 2012.

It is the Ludington-Manistee affiliate for Michigan State University sports and the Detroit Tigers Radio Network.

## Current lineup

### Weekdays

* 6 am  9 am: The Breakfast Beat (local show hosted by Jason Wilder and Dave Ohman)
* 9 am  12 pm: The Steve Gruber Show
* 12 pm  1 pm: Local News Hour with Steve Ruba
* 1 pm  4 pm: The Herd with Colin Cowherd
* 4 pm  5 pm: County Line Sports (local sports show hosted by Bill Downing)
* 5 pm  6 pm: Local News Hour with Kayla Lester
* 6 pm  9 pm: America Now with Andy Dean
* 9 pm  1 am: Fox Talk with Colmes/Gibson
* 1 am  6 am: The George Noory Show

### Saturday

* 12 am  4 am: Michigan Morning
* 4 am  5 am: Financial Fitness
* 5 am  6 am: Michigan Morning
* 6 am  7 am: Travel Michigan
* 7 am  10 am: Mike Avery's Outdoors
* 10 am  11 am: Health and Wellness
* 11 am  12 pm: Greening of the Lakes
* 12 pm  2 pm: The Tom Sullivan Show
* 2 pm  5 pm: The Leo LaPorte Show
* 5 pm  8 pm: The Weekend
* 8 pm  9 pm: Travel Michigan
* 9 pm  12 am: The Gibson on Fox Show

### Sunday

* 12 am  4 am: Michigan Morning
* 4 am  5 am: Unknown programming
* 5 am  7 am: The C.A.R. Show
* 7 am  9 am: Wild Michigan
* 9 am  10 am: As It Is Written
* 10 am  12 pm: The Jesus Christ Show
* 12 pm  2 pm: The Sullivan Show
* 2 pm  5 pm: The Leo LaPorte Show
* 5 pm  8 pm: Glenn Beck Weekends
* 8 pm  9 pm: Wild Michigan
* 9 pm  12 am: The Alan Colmes Show

43°55′01″N 86°26′12″W / 43.91694°N 86.43667°W / 43.91694; -86.43667

1. "Facility Technical Data for WLDN". *Licensing and Management System*. Federal Communications Commission.

## InfoBox

WLDN
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Pentwater, Ludington, Manistee |
| Frequency | 98.7 MHz |
| Branding | *News 97 & 98* |
| Programming | |
| Format | News/Talk |
| Affiliations | Michigan Radio Network |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Synergy Media |
| Sister stations | WKLA, WWMN, WKZC, WMLQ, WWKR |
| History | |
| First air date | 2012 |
| Call sign meaning | **W** **L**u**D**ingto**N** |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 189561 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 5,500 watts |
| HAAT | 104.1 meters |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |


title: WLEE-FM

abstract: WLEE-FM is a radio station broadcasting a country music format, licensed to Sherman, Mississippi, United States. The station, established in 1976 as a sister station to WLEE, is currently owned by Southern Electronics Company. In September 2018, WLEE-FM changed their format from country to sports, branded as "ESPN Mississippi 95.1 The Fan" with programming from ESPN Radio. On March 12, 2019, WLEE-FM changed their format from sports to country, branded as "95.1 The Farm".

text:
# WLEE-FM

**WLEE-FM** (95.1 MHz) is a radio station broadcasting a country music format, licensed to Sherman, Mississippi, United States. The station, established in 1976 as a sister station to WLEE (1570 AM, former callsign WONA), is currently owned by Southern Electronics Company.

In September 2018, WLEE-FM changed their format from country to sports, branded as "ESPN Mississippi 95.1 The Fan" with programming from ESPN Radio.

On March 12, 2019, WLEE-FM changed their format from sports to country, branded as "95.1 The Farm".

## InfoBox

WLEE-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Tupelo, Mississippi |
| Frequency | 95.1 MHz |
| Branding | *95.1 The Farm* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Country |
| Affiliations | Compass Media Networks |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Southern Electronics Company |
| Sister stations | WLEE (AM) |
| History | |
| First air date | January 4, 1976 (as WONA-FM) |
| Former call signs | WONA-FM (1976–2018) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 61281 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 1,450 watts |
| HAAT | 91.8 meters (301 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 34°19′26″N 88°42′43″W / 34.32389°N 88.71194°W / 34.32389; -88.71194 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | 951thefarm.com |


title: W. D. Childers

abstract: Wyon Dale "W. D." Childers is a former politician from West Florida who served 30 years in the State Senate, from 1970 to 2000, including a stint as President of the Florida Senate from 1980 to 1982 and as dean from 1988 to 2000. He holds the title of Florida's longest-serving state legislator. He earned the nickname "Banty Rooster" – after the diminutive, swaggering barnyard fowl – and became known for his eccentric mannerisms and colorful, folksy expressions. Childers was popular in his district for the ample state funding and "turkey" projects he sent home, including $12.5 million for the Pensacola Civic Center and the I-110 extension to Gregory Street. Initially a Democrat, he switched to the Republican Party in 1995. After term limits forced him from the Florida Senate in 2000, Childers ran for the District 1 seat of the Escambia County Commission. He became embroiled in the soccer complex corruption scandal and was found guilty of violating the Florida Sunshine Law and of bribing Commissioner Willie Junior to help push the purchases of two properties, totaling $6.2 million, from Childers' associates Joe and Georgann Elliott. Childers served nearly three years of a 42-month prison sentence in West Palm Beach and was released on 17 June 2009, after which he relocated away from Pensacola. On 8 June 2010, a federal appeals court overturned the bribery conviction, ruling that Childers' constitutional right to confront his accuser had been violated, as the defense team was not allowed to question Junior on his change of testimony. on June 02. 2011 the 11 Circuit Court of Appeals in Atlanta reinstated the Bribery Conviction thereby denying the former State Senator from Participating in the State Retirement System.

text:
# W. D. Childers

**Wyon Dale "W. D." Childers** (born November 25, 1933) is a former politician from West Florida who served 30 years in the State Senate, from 1970 to 2000, including a stint as President of the Florida Senate from 1980 to 1982 and as dean from 1988 to 2000. He holds the title of Florida's longest-serving state legislator. He earned the nickname "Banty Rooster"  after the diminutive, swaggering barnyard fowl  and became known for his eccentric mannerisms and colorful, folksy expressions. Childers was popular in his district for the ample state funding and "turkey" projects he sent home, including $12.5 million for the Pensacola Civic Center and the I-110 extension to Gregory Street. Initially a Democrat, he switched to the Republican Party in 1995.

After term limits forced him from the Florida Senate in 2000, Childers ran for the District 1 seat of the Escambia County Commission.

He became embroiled in the soccer complex corruption scandal and was found guilty of violating the Florida Sunshine Law and of bribing Commissioner Willie Junior to help push the purchases of two properties, totaling $6.2 million, from Childers' associates Joe and Georgann Elliott. Childers served nearly three years of a 42-month prison sentence in West Palm Beach and was released on 17 June 2009, after which he relocated away from Pensacola. On 8 June 2010, a federal appeals court overturned the bribery conviction, ruling that Childers' constitutional right to confront his accuser had been violated, as the defense team was not allowed to question Junior on his change of testimony. on June 02. 2011 the 11 Circuit Court of Appeals in Atlanta reinstated the Bribery Conviction thereby denying the former State Senator from Participating in the State Retirement System.

## Early life and education

Born in Wright, Florida (then known as Crackers Neck), Wyon Dale Childers attended the Bay County High School and went on to Florida State University, where he met Ruth Adell Johnson. They were married on 21 December 1953. Childers graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in education in 1955. He became a math teacher and supplemented his salary with roofing work and door-to-door sales. He capitalized on the sale of trendy items  hula hoops in the 50s, color televisions in the 60s  and also practiced real estate.

## Florida Senate career

In 1970 Childers ran for the Florida Senate seat vacated by Reubin Askew, who went on to become a long-serving governor of Florida.

Childers was for many years chair of the General Government Appropriations Committee, which established budgets for most of the state agencies. He was considered a master of so-called "turkey" projects that were tacked onto other bills and sent state funding back to his home district. Some of the local projects that benefited from his influence included:

He was repeatedly honored by other legislators with Allen Morris Awards: for Most Effective in Debate 1975, '76 and '80; Most Effective in Committee 1978; and Most Effective Member of the Senate, 1979.

In 1980 Childers pushed the state legislature to buy land for the Big Lagoon State Park from a Pensacola auto dealer. He was called before a grand jury when it was revealed that he owned another piece of property with Fiveash, and he claimed he had not made the "mental connection" between the two properties. The grand jury cleared him of wrongdoing and praised him as "an example to other public servants who, having sought the public trust, are asked to show that they deserve it."

On 1 June 1981, an argument between Childers and Senator Dempsey Barron over a bill nearly resulted in a fight on the Senate floor. Barron later organized a group of legislators that effectively stripped Childers of his power as Senate President.

> Everybody says they want us to behave like in church. But the truth is, they like to see a good scrap. The most productive things that happened when I was in the Legislature was when we had the most fights. … If you want to make progress and make changes, you've got to get people's dander up.

In 1993 Childers worked with attorney Fred Levin to draft legislation that would amend the Florida Medicaid Third Party Recovery Act, enabling the State of Florida to sue the tobacco industry for the costs of treating illnesses caused by cigarette smoking. The bill was pushed through quickly and signed into law by Governor Lawton Chiles before it could attract the attention of the tobacco industry's lobbyists. The legislation ultimately led to a class action lawsuit that yielded a $13.2 billion settlement for the State of Florida.

### Term limits

Due to the "Eight is Enough" constitutional amendment passed by Florida voters in 1992, which limited legislators' terms of office to eight consecutive years, Childers' name was not allowed on the ballot in 2000. He considered running for his Senate seat regardless as a write-in candidate, exploiting a loophole in the amendment's wording  and even received a concession from election officials that would allow voters to write just the letters "W. D."  but later decided to serve as Escambia County Commissioner for one term, until he could constitutionally reclaim his Senate seat.

## Escambia County Commission

Childers ran for the Escambia County District 1 seat formerly held by Mike Whitehead, who was preparing a campaign to challenge Escambia County Clerk of Court Ernie Lee Magaha. Childers' opponents in the race were Democrat Williemae Stanberry and Reform Party candidate Teddy Laviano. Despite a commanding lead over both opponents, Childers ran a series of negative ads in the final weeks of the campaign.

> They told us that it would cost us 5 to 12 percent if we ran those ads. I had that much to spare. I'd do it again. I like tough campaigning. I imagine I could have raised the percentage points by being Mr. Sweet and Clean, but that ain't W.D., and I've got to be W.D.

After the election, Childers appointed Stanberry to an interim post on the Board of Adjustment. She said there were no grudges between them: "We never had a bad relationship  that's just the way W. D. does politics."

On 7 June 2001, Childers replaced Tom Banjanin, who was considering a run against U.S. Representative Joe Scarborough, as commission chairman. He organized a voting bloc with commissioners Willie Junior and Mike Bass that was able to pass any motion over the opposition of Banjanin and Terry Smith. After six county leaders resigned between October '01 and February '02  county administrator Tom Forrest, assistant administrator Bill Neron, acting administrator Gregg Welstead, county engineer Cindy Anderson, parks and recreation director Mark Thornton, and county attorney David Tucker  many blamed the exodus on Childers' brusque leadership style. It was during this same time frame that Childers, Junior and Bass pushed through two contentious land purchases that would lead to indictments and scandal.

### Corruption scandal

On 4 October 2001, Commissioner Willie Junior proposed, as an add-on to the commission agenda, to negotiate a purchase price for the Pensacola Soccer Complex. The motion was approved unanimously. On 1 November, the commission voted 3–2 to use $3.9 million in local option sales tax funds to buy the property, and they formally closed on 20 November. On 10 January 2002, Junior made another add-on motion to purchase the former Stalnaker Mazda property for $2.3 million, which was approved 3–2. In both votes, Childers and Bass affirmed Junior's motion while Banjanin and Smith opposed.

State Attorney Curtis Golden announced on 7 February an investigation into the commission over possible corruption related to the land purchases. In testimony before a grand jury, Childers revealed that he had written around $90,000 in checks to Commissioner Junior, but insisted they were "loans".

On 30 April, four commissioners were booked into Escambia County Jail on 27 charges, which included bribery, racketeering, and violating the state's Sunshine Law. Governor Jeb Bush suspended the four indicted commissioners on 1 May 1 and appointed temporary replacements on 10 May. Former *Pensacola News Journal* publisher Cliff Barnhart was tapped to fill the District 1 seat.

Childers was charged with additional counts of money laundering and bribery on 16 June, but was released from jail on $50,000 bond.

On 28 June, he was convicted on one count of violating Sunshine Law over a call he and Commissioner Smith made to Supervisor of Elections Bonnie Jones over country redistricting. Meanwhile, Commissioner Junior pleaded no contest to 10 felony charges and one misdemeanor charge relating to misdeeds that had been committed during his tenure as commissioner.

The Pensacola Soccer Complex had been purchased by Joe and Georgann Elliott for $3.3 million. The county purchased the property for $3.9 million, netting the Elliotts a profit of around $561,000. According to the state's allegations, they paid a bribe of $200,000 to Childers, who in turn paid around $100,000 to Junior. Junior testified that Childers had given him a stainless steel "collard-green pot" full of cash a few days after the county closed on the property, which he transferred to a paper bag at his home. He also claimed to have received $10,000 from Joe Elliott directly, the day before the vote to buy the property. Wanting to deposit some of the money in a bank, but fearful of the government reporting requirements of depositing cash, he returned $40,000 to Childers in exchange for a cashier's check for the same amount. Junior later received several other checks from Childers totaling $90,000.

On April 10, Childers was found guilty of two charges of bribery and unlawful compensation. Willie Junior was found dead under a downtown home's front porch after a neighbor noticed a strange smell. His cause of death never really came to light. In two separate jury trials, Joe and Georgann Elliot were acquitted of all charges in December 2002 and April 2004, respectively.

## InfoBox

| W. D. Childers | |
| --- | --- |
| Senator W. D. Childers, 1979 | |
|  | |
| Member of the
Escambia County Commission
from the 1st district | |
| **In office**
2000–2002 | |
| Preceded by | Mike Whitehead |
| Succeeded by | Cliff Barnhart |
| President of the Florida Senate | |
| **In office**
November 18, 1980  November 16, 1982 | |
| Preceded by | Philip D. Lewis |
| Succeeded by | N. Curtis Peterson Jr. |
| Member of the Florida Senate | |
| **In office**
November 17, 1970  November 21, 2000 | |
| Preceded by | Reubin Askew |
| Succeeded by | Durell Peaden |
| Constituency | 2nd (1970–1972)
1st (1972–2000) |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1933-11-25) November 25, 1933
Crackers Neck, Florida |
| Spouse | Ruth Adell Johnson |
| Children | Gail, Jeanna, Karen and Marvel |
| Alma mater | Florida State University (BS) |
|  | |


title: WLJV

abstract: WLJV is a non-commercial FM radio station licensed to Spotsylvania, Virginia, serving the City of Fredericksburg along with Spotsylvania and Caroline Counties in Virginia. WLJV is owned by Educational Media Foundation, and broadcasts the Christian contemporary music radio format from the co-owned K-Love Network.

text:
# WLJV

**WLJV** (89.5 MHz) is a non-commercial FM radio station licensed to Spotsylvania, Virginia, serving the City of Fredericksburg along with Spotsylvania and Caroline Counties in Virginia. WLJV is owned by Educational Media Foundation, and broadcasts the Christian contemporary music radio format from the co-owned K-Love Network.

## History

In 2005, **WWED** signed on the air. It was owned by the religious-based Educational Media Corporation of Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia. (The Educational Media Corporation is not related to the current owner, the Educational Media Foundation.) The station ran various genres of contemporary Christian and Southern gospel music until 2012. It then changed to a classical music format. During this time, WWED's programming was simulcast on WWEM in Rustburg, Virginia, serving the Lynchburg media market.

In June 2014, Educational Media Corporation sold both stations. American University announced a deal to purchase WWED for $375,000, making it a simulcast of NPR member station WAMU in Washington, D.C. WAMU purchased the station in order to compete with WVTF, which had signed on repeater WQIQ as the area's first NPR station the previous year. The changeover to WAMU programming was made in October 2014, including a call sign change to **WYAU**.

WAMU sold the station to Educational Media Foundation on October 4, 2017, for $400,000. On December 7, WAMU unexpectedly took WYAU dark, as it was starting a pledge drive and believed it would be unethical to solicit pledges from those who would lose access to its programming. The sale was granted on November 28 and closed on December 21, at which point the station changed its call sign to WLJV. WLJV returned to air with K-Love programming on January 5, 2018.

## InfoBox

WLJV
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Fredericksburg, Virginia
Spotsylvania County, Virginia
Caroline County, Virginia |
| Frequency | 89.5 MHz |
| Branding | *K-Love* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Contemporary Christian |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Educational Media Foundation |
| History | |
| First air date | November 6, 2005 |
| Former call signs | WWED (2005–2014)
WYAU (2014–2017) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 90679 |
| Class | B1 |
| Power | 8,000 Watts |
| HAAT | 151 meters (495 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 38°11′48.0″N 77°33′45.0″W / 38.196667°N 77.562500°W / 38.196667; -77.562500 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | www.klove.com |