title: Y Beibl cyssegr-lan

abstract: Y Beibl cyssegr-lan sef Yr Hen Destament, a'r Newydd was the first complete translated version of the Bible to appear in Welsh, and the first in any modern Celtic language. It was published in 1588, and the translator was William Morgan.

text:
# Y Beibl cyssegr-lan

***Y Beibl cyssegr-lan sef Yr Hen Destament, a'r Newydd*** (literally, *"The Holy Bible which is The Old Testament, and the New"*) was the first complete translated version of the Bible to appear in Welsh, and the first in any modern Celtic language. It was published in 1588, and the translator was William Morgan.

## Background

An Act of Parliament was passed in 1563, for the translation of the Bible into the Welsh language. However, it took some years for the translation to be completed in printed form, leading to its publication in 1588. Morgan was a Cambridge graduate and later became bishop of Llandaff and St Asaph. He based his translation on the Hebrew and Greek original Bibles, consulting also the English Bishops' and Geneva versions. *Y Beibl cyssegr-lan* included original translations as well as adaptations of Salesbury's New Testament. In addition to allowing the Welsh population to read the Bible in their own language, the translation established the literary form of the Welsh language and was highly influential on the development of Welsh literature.

## 1630 version

The 1630 edition of *Y Beibl Cyssegr-lan, sef yr Hen Destament a'r Newydd* was largely identical to previous printed editions, apart from its size. The 1630 version is known as the first family or everyday Bible in the Welsh language. Bishop Richard Parry of St Asaph was initially considered its main contributor, modifying William Morgan's 1588 translation of the Bible; he himself did not recognize any other contributing partners. However, evidence shows that his brother-in-law, scholar Dr John Davies, reformed and standardized most of Morgan's 1588 translation.


title: My Love Is Waiting

abstract: "My Love is Waiting" is a 1982 R&B/Soul song written by musician Gordon Banks and recorded and released by American singer Marvin Gaye, as a European-only single in early 1983, it was also the last track on Gaye's final album in his lifetime, Midnight Love; released in 1982.

text:
# My Love Is Waiting

"**My Love is Waiting**" is a 1982 R&B/Soul song written by musician Gordon Banks and recorded and released by American singer Marvin Gaye, as a European-only single in early 1983, it was also the last track on Gaye's final album in his lifetime, *Midnight Love*; released in 1982.

## Background

The song was written by Banks with another act in mind that he was producing back in the United States. While working with Gaye in Europe, first on several tours and then together at a Belgian recording studio where they recorded Gaye's *Midnight Love* album, Gaye had struggled to complete his new record, his first outside Motown. Upon hearing the demo of Banks' song, Gaye requested to record the song, which Banks agreed. Gaye and Banks produced the song and arranged his vocals, recording multi-layered background vocals on one date, and a solo lead the next. Surprisingly, Gaye made just a few additions to this song. This was the final song Gaye recorded and finalized for *Midnight Love*.

In the song, he begins it by thanking several people for helping him make the album for CBS Records, including Harvey Fuqua, Gordon Banks, Mike Butcher, CBS' black music chief Larkin Arnold, and "most of all, we want to thank our Heavenly father, Jesus!" before the song's melody emerges. The song is about a man coming back to an old lover after several months apart. The song's ironic message was also partially due to Gaye returning to the arms of his fans after a five-year layoff. Gaye would return to the United States in late 1982 following the release of *Midnight Love*. During his "Sexual Healing Tour", Gaye would end his shows with the song being played as an instrumental outro where he took the time to thank several of his close friends and family, and also, like the song itself, also thanked God saying "I still love Jesus!" Gaye died two years later in 1984, making the words seem prophetic.

## Track listing

**7" single**

1. "My Love Is Waiting" – 3:49
2. "Rockin' After Midnight" – 6:03

**12" single**

1. "My Love Is Waiting" – 5:12
2. "Rockin' After Midnight" – 6:03

## Chart performances and re-releases

While it was never issued as a single in the US, it did register on the UK Singles Chart peaking at number 34 on the chart and the Dutch singles chart where it peaked at number 5. There is also an alternate version that can be found on the *Midnight Love and the Sexual Healing Sessions*, that is longer than the final version released on the *Midnight Love* album.

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| "My Love is Waiting" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Marvin Gaye | |
| from the album  *Midnight Love* | |
| B-side | "Rockin' After Midnight" |
| Released | December 1982 (UK) |
| Recorded | 1982 at Studio Katy, (Ohain, Belgium) |
| Genre | Electro, synth-pop, soul, R&B |
| Label | CBS |
| Songwriter(s) | Gordon Banks |
| Producer(s) | Marvin Gaye |
| Marvin Gaye singles chronology | |
| "Sexual Healing"
(1982) "**My Love is Waiting**"
(1982) "'Til Tomorrow"
(1983) | |


title: Myida

abstract: Myida is an order of saltwater and freshwater clams, marine and freshwater bivalve molluscs in the subclass Heterodonta. The order includes such bivalves as soft-shell clams, geoducks and shipworms.

text:
# Myida

**Myida** (formerly **Myoida**) is an order of saltwater and freshwater clams, marine and freshwater bivalve molluscs in the subclass Heterodonta. The order includes such bivalves as soft-shell clams, geoducks and shipworms.

## Description

They are burrowing molluscs with well-developed siphons. The shell is relatively soft and lacks a nacreous layer. Some species have a single cardinal tooth.

## Superfamilies and families

Superfamilies and families within the Myida include:

## InfoBox

| Myida | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| A live individual of the soft-shelled clam, *Mya arenaria* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Bivalvia |
| Infraclass: | Heteroconchia |
| Subterclass: | Euheterodonta |
| Superorder: | Imparidentia |
| Order: | Myida<br>Stoliczka, 1870 |
|
| Superfamilies and families | |
| See text | |
| Synonyms | |
| Myoida | |


title: My Paper Made Men

abstract: My Paper Made Men is the second album by Amy Studt released nearly five years after her debut False Smiles. It is said to be different from her first album False Smiles, the Los Angeles Times said to "ignore any dim memories of her midteens pop phase a while ago". Initially it was released as a download-only album in early 2008, a week after the single "Chasing the Light", which only managed a #277 peak. In early 2009 it was released physically with the lead single being "Nice Boys", which only managed a peak at #165, with the album failing to chart.

text:
# My Paper Made Men

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Mojo |  |
| Digital Spy |  |

***My Paper Made Men*** is the second album by Amy Studt released nearly five years after her debut *False Smiles*.

It is said to be different from her first album *False Smiles*, the *Los Angeles Times* said to "ignore any dim memories of her midteens pop phase a while ago".

Initially it was released as a download-only album in early 2008, a week after the single "Chasing the Light", which only managed a #277 peak. In early 2009 it was released physically with the lead single being "Nice Boys", which only managed a peak at #165, with the album failing to chart.

## Singles and other songs

The first single from the album "Furniture" was released on December 3, 2007, as a download-only single, however, it failed to chart. The second single "Chasing the Light" was released a week before the album, on April 28, and has so far charted at #277 on the UK Singles Chart. Several songs have been made available such as "Paper Made Men" (originally titled "My Paper Made Man") and "Sad, Sad World" (B-Side to "Furniture")

According to her official website, a further single, "Nice Boys" was released and has an accompanying video. Studt posted a sneak preview of the "Nice Boys" video on YouTube a week before the full video was posted.

## Track listing

1. "Sad, Sad World" (Amy Studt, Eg White) — 4:29
2. "She Ran" (Studt, Andrew Crutwell-Jones) — 3:15
3. "Furniture" (Studt, Crutwell-Jones) — 3:40
4. "She Walks Beautiful" (Studt, Louis Biancaniello, Sam Watters) — 5:38
5. "One Last Cigarette" (Studt, White) — 3:31
6. "Nice Boys" (Studt, Crutwell-Jones) — 3:32
7. "Walking Out" (Studt, John Fortis) — 4:00
8. "Chasing the Light" (Studt, Biancaniello, Watters) — 4:11
9. "Paper Made Man" (Studt, Guy Sigsworth) — 3:40
10. "Here Lies Love" (Studt, Crutwell-Jones) — 3:35
11. "Foolish Heart" (Studt, Peter-John Vettese & Felix Howard) — 3.33 (Bonus Track featured only on the 2009 iTunes re-release)
12. "The Lucky Ones" (Studt, Peter Woodruffe, Charlie Grant) — 3:35 (Bonus Track featured only on the 2009 CD release)

## InfoBox

| My Paper Made Men | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Amy Studt | |
| Released | May 5, 2008 (digital album)
March 2, 2009 (CD album) |
| Recorded | 2007–2008 |
| Genre | Alternative rock |
| Label | 19 |
| Amy Studt chronology | |
| *False Smiles*
(2003) ***My Paper Made Men***
(2008) *Happiest Girl in the Universe*
(2019) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *My Paper Made Men* | |
| 1. "Furniture"
Released: December 3, 2007 2. "Chasing the Light"
Released: April 28, 2008 3. "Nice Boys"
Released: March 1, 2009 | |
|  | |


title: Marlow By-pass Bridge

abstract: Marlow By-pass Bridge is a road bridge across the River Thames in England. It carries the A404 road between Maidenhead, Berkshire and High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire. and crosses the Thames on the reach between Cookham Lock and Marlow Lock. The bridge forms part of the Marlow by-pass to the east of the town. It was built in 1972. The area underneath the bridge is used for boat storage by the adjacent outdoor adventure centre at Longridge.

text:
# Marlow By-pass Bridge

**Marlow By-pass Bridge** is a road bridge across the River Thames in England. It carries the A404 road between Maidenhead, Berkshire and High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire. and crosses the Thames on the reach between Cookham Lock and Marlow Lock.

The bridge forms part of the Marlow by-pass to the east of the town. It was built in 1972.

The area underneath the bridge is used for boat storage by the adjacent outdoor adventure centre at Longridge (a registered charity).

51°33′58″N 0°45′43″W / 51.56611°N 0.76194°W / 51.56611; -0.76194

## InfoBox

| Marlow By-pass Bridge | |
| --- | --- |
| Marlow By-pass Bridge | |
| Coordinates | 51°33′58″N 0°45′43″W / 51.5661°N 0.7619°W / 51.5661; -0.7619 |
| Carries | A404 road |
| Crosses | River Thames |
| Locale | Marlow |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | Balanced cantilever |
| Material | Concrete |
| Total length | 560 feet (170 m) |
| Width | 75 feet (23 m) |
| Height | 19 feet 9 inches (6.02 m) |
| Longest span | 85 feet (26 m) |
| No. of spans | 3 |
| History | |
| Opened | 1972 |
| Location | |
|  | |


title: Nuraghe Adoni

abstract: The Nuraghe Adoni is a Nuragic complex dating back to the Bronze Age located in the municipality of Villanova Tulo in the province of Cagliari. The site is located on a hill at the center of the historic region of Sarcidano. The first excavations of the site date back to the mid-nineteenth century and were resumed several times in the 1990s. The entire complex consists of a nuraghe composed by a central tower and a quatrefoil bastion, surrounded by a village. At the site there were found several artifacts such as ceramics and a fragment of a bronze loop of the Schnabelkanne type.

text:
# Nuraghe Adoni

The **Nuraghe Adoni** is a Nuragic complex dating back to the Bronze Age located in the municipality of Villanova Tulo in the province of Cagliari. The site is located on a hill at the center of the historic region of Sarcidano.

The first excavations of the site date back to the mid-nineteenth century and were resumed several times in the 1990s. The entire complex consists of a nuraghe composed by a central tower and a quatrefoil bastion, surrounded by a village. At the site there were found several artifacts such as ceramics and a fragment of a bronze loop of the *Schnabelkanne* type.

39°47′09″N 9°10′23″E / 39.7858°N 9.1731°E / 39.7858; 9.1731

## InfoBox

Nuraghe Adoni
| Nuraghe Adoni | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Villanova Tulo, Sardinia, Italy |
| Type | Settlement |
| History | |
| Periods | Bronze Age |
| Cultures | Nuragic civilization |


title: Long-tailed mole

abstract: The long-tailed mole is a species of mole in the family Talpidae. It is found in China, Vietnam and Myanmar.

text:
# Long-tailed mole

The **long-tailed mole** (***Scaptonyx fusicauda***) is a species of mole in the family Talpidae. It is found in China, Vietnam and Myanmar.

## Taxonomy

The species is the only species in the genus ***Scaptonyx*** and the tribe **Scaptonychini**. At least two subspecies are recognized in China: *S. f. affinis* occurs in Yunnan and Guizhou, *S. f. fusicauda* in Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Guizhou.

## Ecology

This mole is fully fossorial and spends its life underground. It has been found at relatively high elevations of 2,000-4,100 m and appears to prefer damp, coniferous montane forests.

## InfoBox

| Long-tailed mole | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Eulipotyphla |
| Family: | Talpidae |
| Subfamily: | Talpinae |
| Tribe: | Scaptonychini
Van Valen, 1967 |
| Genus: | *Scaptonyx*
Milne-Edwards, 1872 |
| Species: | ***S. fusicauda*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Scaptonyx fusicauda***
Milne-Edwards, 1872 | |
|
|  | |
| Long-tailed Mole range | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Scaptonyx affinis* Thomas, 1912 * *Scaptonyx fuscicaudus* | |


title: Yasuda Women's University

abstract: Yasuda Women's University Yasuda Women's University is a private women's college in Asaminami, Hiroshima, Japan. The predecessor of the school was established by Riyou Yasuda and others in 1915 and was chartered as a junior women's college in 1955. The graduate school was established in 1994 and as of 2017 awards degrees in Japanese and English language and literature, education, clinical psychology, health science, pharmaceutical science, and nursing.

text:
# Yasuda Women's University

**Yasuda Women's University** (安田女子大学, *Yasuda joshi daigaku*) is a private women's college in Asaminami, Hiroshima, Japan. The predecessor of the school was established by Riyou Yasuda and others in 1915 and was chartered as a junior women's college in 1955. The graduate school was established in 1994 and as of 2017 awards degrees in Japanese and English language and literature, education, clinical psychology, health science, pharmaceutical science, and nursing.

34°28′50″N 132°27′07″E / 34.48056°N 132.45194°E / 34.48056; 132.45194

## InfoBox

Yasuda Women's University
| Established | 1915 |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Hiroshima |


title: We Call on Him

abstract: We Call On Him is a song by Elvis Presley. Elvis Presley recorded the gospel song in 1967. The song was published by Gladys Music, Elvis Presley's publishing company. The song was written by Fred Karger, Sid Wayne, and Ben Weisman. The song reached #106 on the U.S. Billboard Bubbling Under chart. The single was backed with "You'll Never Walk Alone," which also became a chart hit and surpassed "We Call on Him." It reached #90 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 in 1968.

text:
# We Call on Him

***We Call On Him*** is a song by Elvis Presley. Elvis Presley recorded the gospel song in 1967. The song was published by Gladys Music, Elvis Presley's publishing company. The song was written by Fred Karger, Sid Wayne, and Ben Weisman.

The song reached #106 on the U.S. *Billboard* Bubbling Under chart.

The single was backed with "You'll Never Walk Alone," which also became a chart hit and surpassed "We Call on Him." It reached #90 on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot 100 in 1968.

## InfoBox

| "We Call On Him" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Elvis Presley | |
| Language | English |
| B-side | "You'll Never Walk Alone" |
| Published | Gladys Music |
| Released | March 26, 1968 |
| Recorded | September 11, 1967 |
| Studio | RCA Studio B, Nashville |
| Genre | Gospel |
| Length | 2:31 |
| Label | RCA Victor |
| Songwriter(s) | Fred Karger, Sid Wayne, Ben Weisman |
| Elvis Presley singles chronology | |
| "U.S. Male" / "Stay Away"
(1968) "**We Call on Him**" / "You'll Never Walk Alone"
(1968) "Let Yourself Go" / "Your Time Hasn't Come Yet, Baby"
(1968) | |


# Gulfstream Park Handicap top three finishers and starters

This is a listing of the horses that finished in either first, second, or third place and the number of starters in the Gulfstream Park Handicap, an American Grade 2 race for horses four years old and older at 1 mile on the dirt, held at Gulfstream Park in Hallandale Beach, Florida. (List 1973–present)

| **Year** | **Winner** | **Second** | **Third** | **Starters** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2013 | Discreet Dancer | Swagger Jack | Fort Loudon | 6 |
| 2012 | Mucho Macho Man | Tackleberry | Jackson Bend | 5 |
| 2010 | Tackleberry | Soaring Empire | Tizway | 8 |
| 2009 | Smooth Air | Finallymadeit | Formidable | 6 |
| 2008 | Sir Whimsey | Fairbanks | Kiss the Kid | 5 |
| 2007 | Corinthian | Hesanoldsalt | A. P. Arrow | 6 |
| 2006 | Harlington | Contante | It's No Joke | 8 |
| 2005 | Eddington | Pies Prospect | Zakocity | 8 |
| 2004 | Jackpot | Newfoundland | The Lady's Groom | 6 |
| 2003 | Hero's Tribute | Aeneas | Puzzlement | 8 |
| 2002 | Hal's Hope | Mongoose | Sir Bear | 5 |
| 2001 | Sir Bear | Pleasant Breeze | Broken Vow | 9 |
| 2000 | Behrens | Adonis | With Antucipation | 6 |
| 1999 | Behrens | Archers Bay | Sir Bear | 8 |
| 1998 | Skip Away | Unruled | Behrens | 6 |
| 1997 | Mt. Sassafras | Skip Away | Tejano Run | 6 |
| 1996 | Wekiva Springs | Star Standard | Powerful Punch | 8 |
| 1995 | Cigar | Pride of Burkaan | Mahogany Hall | 11 |
| 1994 | Scuffleburg | Migrating Moon | Wallenda | 10 |
| 1993 | Devil His Due | Offbeat | Pistols and Roses | 9 |
| 1992 | Sea Cadet | Strike the Gold | Sunny Sunrise | 6 |
| 1991 | Jolie's Halo | Primal | Chief Honcho | 8 |
| 1990 | Mi Selecto | Tour d'Or | Lay Down | 8 |
| 1989 | Slew City Slew | Bold Midway | Cryptoclearance | 7 |
| 1988 | Jade Hunter | Cryptoclearance | Creme Fraiche | 6 |
| 1987 | Skip Trial | Creme Fraiche | Snow Chief | 4 |
| 1986 | Skip Trial | Proud Truth | Important Business | 5 |
| 1985 | Dr. Carter | Key to the Moon | Pine Circle | 8 |
| 1984 | Mat-Boy | Lord Darley | Courteous Majesty | 7 |
| 1983 | Christmas Past | Crafty Prospector | Rivalero | 12 |
| 1982 | Lord Darnley | Joanie's Chief | Double Sonic | 9 |
| 1981 | Hurry Up Blue | Yosi Boy | Imperial Dilemma | 9 |
| 1980 | Private Account | Lot o' Gold | Silent Cal | 7 |
| 1979 | Sensitive Prince | Jumping Hill | Silent Cal | 7 |
| 1978 | Bowl Game | True Statement | Silver Series | 11 |
| 1977 | Strike Me Lucky | Legion | Yamanin | 12 |
| 1976 | Hail the Pirates | Legion | Packer Captain | 7 |
| 1975 | Gold and Myrrh | Proud and Bold | Buffalo Lark | 9 |
| 1974 | Forego | True Knight | Golden Don | 6 |
| 1973 | West Coast Scout | Super Sail | Freetex | 10 |
|


title: Nicholas Dillon

abstract: Nicholas Dillon is a Trinidadian professional footballer who plays as a winger.

text:
# Nicholas Dillon

**Nicholas Dillon** (born 25 March 1997) is a Trinidadian professional footballer who plays as a winger.

## International career

Dillon made his debut for the Trinidad and Tobago national football team in a 1–0 friendly loss to Panama on 18 April 2018.

## InfoBox

Nicholas Dillon
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1997-03-25) 25 March 1997 | | |
| Place of birth | Couva, Trinidad and Tobago | | |
| Height | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Winger | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 2006–2011 | W Connection | | |
| 2011–2014 | Central F.C. | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2014–2017 | Central F.C. |  |  |
| 2017–2019 | Maasmechelen | 7 | (1) |
| 2019 | Al-Mujazzal |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 2017 | Trinidad and Tobago U20 | 3 | (0) |
| 2018– | Trinidad and Tobago | 1 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 12:53, 4 September 2020 (UTC)<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 13 October 2018 | | | |


title: Nicolaus Zink

abstract: Nicolaus Zink (1812–1887) was the founder of Sisterdale, Texas, and builder of the fort Zinkenburg. Under the direction of Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels, Zink led a caravan of new settlers from Indianola to New Braunfels. He laid out the town and divided the original allotted farm acreage. In 1984, the Zink house in Welfare, Texas, was designed a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark, marker 3595.

text:
# Nicolaus Zink

**Nicolaus Zink** (1812–1887) was the founder of Sisterdale, Texas, and builder of the fort Zinkenburg. Under the direction of Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels, Zink led a caravan of new settlers from Indianola to New Braunfels. He laid out the town and divided the original allotted farm acreage. In 1984, the Zink house in Welfare, Texas, was designed a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark, marker 3595.

## Early life

Nicolaus Zink was born in Bamberg, Kingdom of Bavaria, on February 4, 1812. He was a career civil engineer and former Bavarian army officer. In 1844, Zink and his wife Louise von Kheusser emigrated to Texas with other Adelsverein colonists.

## Texas

### New Braunfels

For four months, December 1844 to March 1845, Zink oversaw the settling of the colonists who arrived at Indianola, renamed Carlshafen in honor of Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels. The colonists rode covered wagons, pushcarts, and walked, as Zink led them to New Braunfels, arriving on March 21, 1845. The first structure in their new home was a fort named Zinkenburg, in honor of the man who brought them from Indianola. Zink laid out the townsite and adjoining acreage. Zink Street in New Braunfels is named for him. In return for his labors, Zink was given 25 acres in New Braunfels and 100 acres of farmland. He subdivided the farm acreage and sold it in tracts. By 1846, Zink was bringing new colonists and merchandise from Houston to New Braunfels.

### Sisterdale

Sisterdale on the banks of Sister Creek was settled in 1847 by Nicolaus Zink. Originally part of Comal County, Sisterdale became part of Kendall County when the latter county was formed in 1862. Zink originally intended to settle in Fredericksburg when he left New Braunfels. Zink was among the 1847 Petitioners to Create Gillespie County, Texas. Instead of Fredericksburg, Zink built a new two-story log home on Sister Creek.

Sisterdale was one of the Latin settlements, resulting from the Revolutions of 1848 in the German states. Those who came were Forty-Eighters, intellectual liberal abolitionists who enjoyed conversing in Latin and believed in utopian ideals that guaranteed basic human rights to all. They reveled in passionate conversations about literature, music, and philosophy. The free thinkers petitioned the Texas Congress in 1853 for a charter to operate a German-English college to be built at Sisterdale, but the petition did not come to fruition.

Among the other original settlers in Sisterdale were German pioneers Fritz and Betty Holekamp, geographer Ernst Kapp; Anhalt Premier progeny journalist Dr. Carl Adolph Douai; August Siemering who later founded the *San Antonio Express News*; author, journalist, and diplomat Dr. Julius Fröbel; future Wall Street financial wiz Gustav Theissen; Edgar von Westphalen, brother to Jenny von Westphalen who was married to Karl Marx; and Edward Degener, future Republican U.S. Representative from Texas during Reconstruction.

In Sisterdale, Zink gained success in farming, and became shrewd in his financial dealings when selling his wheat crop to the United States Army posts.

## Personal life and death

In 1847, Zink divorced Louise. By 1850, he was married to Elisabeth Mangold. They sold their Sisterdale home and acreage to Eduard Degener and moved to Barons Creek near Fredericksburg to start a gristmill. On June 4, 1866, Zink married Sara Agnes Williams.

In 1853, Zink was living in Comfort, which had opened to German settlements in 1852.

Zink acquired land on the Kendall County settlement of Welfare in 1868 and built a limestone house there. He died in Welfare on November 3, 1887, and is buried in an unmarked grave on the property.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Nicolaus Zink | |
| --- | --- |
| Nicolaus Zink House, Welfare, Texas | |
| Born | (1812-02-04)February 4, 1812
Bamberg, Bavaria, Germany |
| Died | November 3, 1887(1887-11-03) (aged 75)
Welfare, Texas, United States |
| Nationality | German |
| Known for | Texas Adelsverein settler
Building Zinkenburg, Texas
Founding Sisterdale, Texas |
| Spouses | *   Louise von Kheusser (div. 1847)
Elisabeth Mangold *   Sara Agnes Williams (m. 1866) |


title: Niggas Get Shot Everyday

abstract: Niggas Get Shot Everyday is the only extended play by American rapper Young Dolph; it was released in February 2018 under Paper Route Empire.

text:
# Niggas Get Shot Everyday

***Niggas Get Shot Everyday*** is the only extended play by American rapper Young Dolph; it was released in February 2018 under Paper Route Empire.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Kush on the Yacht" | 3:40 |
| 2. | "Slave Owner" | 2:44 |
| 3. | "Flodgin" | 3:34 |
| 4. | "Paranoid" | 3:06 |
| 5. | "Playa" | 2:44 |
| 6. | "Blonde and a Onion" | 2:46 |

## Charts

| Chart | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 59 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (*Billboard*) | 29 |
| US Top Rap Albums (*Billboard*) | 24 |

## InfoBox

| Niggas Get Shot Everyday | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Young Dolph | |
| Released | February 16, 2018 (2018-02-16) |
| Length | 18:34 |
| Label | Paper Route Empire |
| Young Dolph chronology | |
| *Thinking Out Loud*
(2017) ***Niggas Get Shot Everyday***
(2018) *Role Model*
(2018) | |


title: Night Without End (novel)

abstract: Night Without End is a thriller novel by Scottish author Alistair MacLean, first published in 1959. The author has been complimented for the excellent depiction of the unforgiving Arctic environment; among others, the Times Literary Supplement gave it strongly favorable notices when it came out.

text:
# Night Without End (novel)

***Night Without End*** is a thriller novel by Scottish author Alistair MacLean, first published in 1959. The author has been complimented for the excellent depiction of the unforgiving Arctic environment; among others, the *Times Literary Supplement* gave it strongly favorable notices when it came out.

## Plot summary

A BOAC airplane crash-lands on the Greenland ice cap far from its usual route after flying in a seemingly erratic fashion. An International Geophysical Year scientific research team based near the crash site rescues the surviving passengers and takes them to their station. Most of the flight crew are dead. The station's only means of contact with the outside world, a radio set, is destroyed in a seemingly accidental manner.

With not enough food for everyone and no hope of rescue, the leader of the scientific research team, Dr Mason, decides that they must set out for the nearest settlement, some 300 kilometers away at the coast. Meanwhile, the crew member who was found with massive brain injuries and who since has fallen into a coma is found to have been suffocated with a pillow. Inspecting the plane, Dr Mason discovers that one of the pilots had been shot in the back. The dead passenger is determined to be a military courier. An attempt is also made on Mason's life by stranding him in the arctic night; soon after that the wreck goes up in flames. The scientist's suspicion falls on the stewardess but she is soon cleared. Mason orders another scientist, Joss, to stay behind and try to repair the radio so that a field expedition can be contacted.

Mason leaves with the group along with the other scientist, Jackstraw, while remaining in touch with their station by means of a short range radio. Meanwhile, the field expedition returns to the station and contacts Mason. They inform him that a massive military mobilization has located the crashed plane and that it carried something very important. The government, having refused to divulge anything, had tried to contact Mason's station. Finding the station to be non-responding, they have requested the expedition chief, Captain Hillcrest, to investigate.

Mason decides to go on with the journey since any attempt to return will induce the murderers to act. He keeps this new development to himself and Jackstraw. Hillcrest sets out after the group but soon finds that the petrol he picked up at the station has been tampered with. Sugar has been added to the petrol disabling the engine and leading him to get bogged down. A solution is found when one of the passengers, a chemist, suggests that the petrol be mixed with water and the top layer of the resultant mixture be siphoned off. At almost the same time, the government relents and informs Mason through Hillcrest that the military courier carried a top secret missile guidance mechanism disguised as a tape recorder. Mason realizes that one of the passengers picked up such a device at the crash site. This precipitates the murderers into action and they take over the group.

Finding that killing the entire group is not possible, the criminals initially take the survivors with them, but soon abandon all of them except for the stewardess, for whom Mason has developed a romantic attachment, and the father and manager of a passenger who is a boxer. In the process, one of the passengers left behind is killed. The group stumbles on in the arctic blizzard guided by sled dogs. Soon they come across an abandoned sled that contains rocket radiosondes, which they use to guide Hillcrest to them. A chase ensues across the arctic landscape to the shore where a trawler waits for the criminals. But the intervention of the Navy, on information from Hillcrest, frightens off the trawler. The criminals are surrounded and after a bitter hand-to-hand struggle, the secret device and surviving hostages are rescued.

The first criminal is killed, however the second is still on the go. Having himself and the stewardess locked in a fast moving glacier, Dr. Mason manages to rescue her, but the killer is left to die.

## Reception

The *New York Times* called it a "bang up adventure yarn filled with realistic, well researched data." The *Chicago Tribune* called the book "powerful". Michael Frayn in *The Guardian* called it "clumsily written, absurdly implausible, thoroughly chilling."

## Proposed adaptation

In August 1959 film rights were bought by George Seaton and William Perlberg who had a deal with Paramount. They wanted to make the film with Debbie Reynolds with whom they had a long-term contract. They hired Eric Ambler to write a script. Lilli Palmer was announced as co star.

In 1961 Seaton said they wanted to film it after *The Hook*. William Holden was attached as star. In December 1961 it was announced Richard Wilson would direct at Paramount. In 1963 Wilson said he still had a commitment to make the film, and had written the script with his wife Elizabeth Vance. However the film was never made.

## InfoBox

Night Without End
| First edition cover (UK) | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Alistair MacLean |
| Language | English, Norwegian |
| Genre | Thriller |
| Publisher | Collins (UK)<br>Doubleday (US) |
| Publication date | 1959 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Pages | 934 pp. |
| Preceded by | *The Last Frontier* |
| Followed by | *Fear Is the Key* |


title: Nigel Davis

abstract: Sir Nigel Anthony Lamert Davis, PC is a former Lord Justice of Appeal.

text:
# Nigel Davis

**Sir Nigel Anthony Lamert Davis**, PC (born 10 March 1951) is a former Lord Justice of Appeal.

## Education

Davis was educated at Charterhouse School and University College, Oxford.

## Career

Davis was called to the Bar (Lincoln's Inn) in 1975. In 1992, he became a Queen's Counsel. He was appointed a Recorder in 1998. The next year, he was named a Deputy High Court Judge. Davis was appointed to the High Court of Justice on 1 October 2001 and assigned to the Queen's Bench Division; he was knighted the same year. He served as a Presiding Judge for the Wales Circuit from 2006 to 2009. In 2011, he was appointed a Lord Justice of Appeal effective 4 October 2011, and it was announced he would receive the customary appointment to the Privy Council. He retired as Lord Justice of Appeal with effect from 10 March 2021

## InfoBox

| The Right HonourableSir Nigel Davis | |
| --- | --- |
| In procession in ceremonial dress at Llandaff Cathedral in 2013 | |
|  | |
| Lord Justice of Appeal | |
| **In office**
4 October 2011  10 March 2021 | |
| Justice of the High Court | |
| **In office**
2001–2011 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1951-03-10) 10 March 1951 |
|  | |


title: Niko Kukka

abstract: Niko Kukka is a Finnish professional football defender who currently plays for the Veikkausliiga side MYPA in Finland. Kukka started his footballing career at local HJK, but never got past its reserves. He was signed by rivals FC Honka for the 2007 season, but as he only managed to play a handful of games for the Espoo based club, he was loaned out to Ykkönen side Atlantis FC for the rest of the season. After leaving FC Honka in 2008, Kukka joined AC Oulu and played a crucial part for the team as they won the promotion to Veikkausliiga for the 2009 season. After being a first choice left back for Oulu for three years, Kukka decided to join MYPA. On 17 November 2010, he signed a one-year deal with the club.

text:
# Niko Kukka

**Niko Kukka** (born 30 September 1987) is a Finnish professional football defender who currently plays for the Veikkausliiga side MYPA in Finland.

Kukka started his footballing career at local HJK, but never got past its reserves. He was signed by rivals FC Honka for the 2007 season, but as he only managed to play a handful of games for the Espoo based club, he was loaned out to Ykkönen side Atlantis FC for the rest of the season.

After leaving FC Honka in 2008, Kukka joined AC Oulu and played a crucial part for the team as they won the promotion to Veikkausliiga for the 2009 season. After being a first choice left back for Oulu for three years, Kukka decided to join MYPA. On 17 November 2010, he signed a one-year deal with the club.

## InfoBox

Niko Kukka
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1987-09-30) 30 September 1987 | | |
| Place of birth | Helsinki, Finland | | |
| Height | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Left back | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | MYPA | | |
| Number | 9 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| –2006 | HJK Helsinki | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2004–2006 | Klubi-04 | 43 | (4) |
| 2007 | FC Honka | 6 | (0) |
| 2007 | Atlantis FC (loan) | 1 | (0) |
| 2008–2010 | AC Oulu | 69 | (5) |
| 2011–2012 | MYPA | 36 | (7) |
| 2013 | IFK Mariehamn | 19 | (1) |
| 2014– | PK-35 | 0 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
|  | Finland youth | 30 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 6 May 2012 | | | |


title: Niko Koprivica

abstract: Niko Koprivica was a politician of the Croatian Peasant Party who was mayor of Dubrovnik in the final days of the Independent State of Croatia. He was a lawyer by profession. Koprivica was admitted to the Catholic Church's Order of St. Gregory the Great in 1926. He was a member of the Brethren of the Croatian Dragon and held the title of Dragon of Cavtat within the organization. Koprivica was selected by the city council to be mayor on 13 October 1944. He was killed by Yugoslav Partisans as a collaborationist on 25 October 1944. He was interred on 10 October 2008 following a funeral mass at the Assumption Cathedral in Dubrovnik.

text:
# Niko Koprivica

**Niko Koprivica** (1889 in Cavtat – 25 October 1944, in Dubrovnik) was a politician of the Croatian Peasant Party who was mayor of Dubrovnik in the final days of the Independent State of Croatia. He was a lawyer by profession.

Koprivica was admitted to the Catholic Church's Order of St. Gregory the Great in 1926. He was a member of the Brethren of the Croatian Dragon and held the title of *Dragon of Cavtat* within the organization.

Koprivica was selected by the city council to be mayor on 13 October 1944. He was killed by Yugoslav Partisans as a collaborationist on 25 October 1944. He was interred on 10 October 2008 following a funeral mass at the Assumption Cathedral in Dubrovnik.


title: Night (Jackie Wilson song)

abstract: "Night" is a popular song recorded by Jackie Wilson in 1960. The single was Wilson's biggest hit, peaking at #4 on the Billboard Hot 100.

text:
# Night (Jackie Wilson song)

**"Night"** is a popular song recorded by Jackie Wilson in 1960. The single was Wilson's biggest hit, peaking at #4 on the *Billboard* Hot 100.

## Background

The song is based on the aria "Mon cœur s'ouvre à ta voix" from the opera *Samson and Delilah* by Camille Saint-Saëns, with lyrics by Johnny Lehmann. This was a successful effort for Jackie Wilson to sing in an operatic voice. This version ended on a wild orchestral descending scale in the strings.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1960) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 4 |
| US Hot R&B Sides (*Billboard*) | 3 |

## InfoBox

| "Night" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Jackie Wilson | |
| from the album  *A Woman, a Lover, a Friend* | |
| B-side | "Doggin' Around" |
| Released | March 1960 (1960) |
| Genre | Easy listening |
| Length | 2:45 |
| Label | Brunswick |
| Songwriter(s) | Camille Saint-Saëns, Johnny Lehmann |
| Jackie Wilson singles chronology | |
| "A Woman, a Lover, a Friend"
(1960) "**Night**"
(1960) "Doggin' Around"
(1960) | |


title: Xylocopa ruficornis

abstract: Xylocopa ruficornis, or Xylocopa (Koptortosoma) ruficornis, is a species of carpenter bee. It is found in the Sri Lankan.

text:
# Xylocopa ruficornis

***Xylocopa ruficornis***, or ***Xylocopa (Koptortosoma) ruficornis***, is a species of carpenter bee. It is found in the Sri Lankan.

## Further reading

* Ruggiero M. (project leader), Ascher J. et al. (2013). ITIS Bees: World Bee Checklist (version Sep 2009). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 11 March 2013 (Roskov Y., Kunze T., Paglinawan L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Hernandez F., De Wever A., eds). Digital resource at www.catalogueoflife.org/col/. Species 2000: Reading, UK.
* John Ascher, Connal Eardley, Terry Griswold, Gabriel Melo, Andrew Polaszek, Michael Ruggiero, Paul Williams, Ken Walker, and Natapot Warrit.

## InfoBox

| *Xylocopa ruficornis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Suborder: | Apocrita |
| Superfamily: | Apoidea |
| Family: | Apidae |
| Subfamily: | Xylocopinae |
| Tribe: | *Xylocopini* |
| Genus: | *Xylocopa* |
| Subgenus: | *Koptortosoma* |
| Species: | ***X. ruficornis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Xylocopa ruficornis***<br>Fabricius, 1804 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Xylocopa verticalis* Lepeletier, 1841 * *Xylocopa ceylonica* Cameron, 1901 * *Xylocopa clavicrus* Maidl, 1912 * *Xylocopa (Orbitella\_homonym) ceylonica* Cameron, 1901 * *Xylocopa (Maiella) ceylonica* Cameron, 1901 * *Xylocopa (Orbitella\_homonym) ruficornis* Fabricius, 1804 * *Xylocopa (Maiella) ruficornis* Fabricius, 1804 | |


title: Valparaíso de Goiás

abstract: Valparaíso de Goiás is a municipality in east-central Goiás state, Brazil.

text:
# Valparaíso de Goiás

**Valparaíso de Goiás** is a municipality in east-central Goiás state, Brazil.

## Geography

### Location

Valparaíso is located on the plateau known as Planalto Central, southwest of Brasília and is part of the area known as the Entorno do Distrito Federal. The distance to the state capital, Goiânia, is 188 km and the estimated time of travel is 2:20 hours.

It has boundaries with:

It is served by highways BR-040, BR-060, BR-020 BR-251, and DF-290. The distance to the state capital of Goiânia is 191 km and to Brasília, 25 km Highway connections with Goiânia are made by BR-153 / Anápolis / BR-060 / Alexânia / Gama. For the complete list see Distâncias Rodoviárias

## Demography

It is considered one of the most densely populated municipalities in the state. All of the inhabitants live in the urban area since there is no rural area. The population has grown by over 25,000 inhabitants since the first census in 2000.

## Economy

Commerce, small industries and service-providing enterprises are the base of the economy. The potential for development, with its stands of trees, water sources, abundant energy and strategic location make it an attractive city for investment. The city is cut by highway BR 040, with a daily traffic of approximately 50,000 vehicles, in addition to the railway line, and this is attracting companies specializing in cargo transport.

Where the less privileged economic sectors could afford housing, it is still very dependent on the informal economy, which represents 40% of the base, with civil construction representing 30%, and the rest made up of workers commuting to Brasília. In recent years Valparaíso has been attracting furniture industries and the city has implanted a center (polo) for 120 new furniture factories. At the date of this writing there were approximately 100 furniture stores in the city operated by micro businessmen, with 500 carpenters registered in the area.

## Health and education

In 2007 there were no hospitals. The infant mortality rate was 18.98, well below the national average of 33.0. There were 3 institutions of higher learning. In 2000 the adult literacy rate was 93.1%, one of the highest in the state and well above the national average of 86.4%.

* MHDI: 0.795 (2000)
* State ranking: 12 (out of 242 municipalities)
* National ranking: 679 (out of 5,507 municipalities)

## History

The history of the city is very recent, appearing in 1979 as a housing development with precarious services. The name is a tribute to a civil engineer who was from Valparaíso, Chile, and had come to Brazil to be in charge of the first housing project of the future city. There are two neighborhoods whose names are written with the letter "z" – Valparaízo I e II –, according to the Chilean city. But, according to Portuguese spelling, the name of the city began to be written with the letter "s".

## InfoBox

| Valparaíso de Goiás | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Location in Goiás state | |
| Valparaíso de GoiásLocation in Brazil | |
| Coordinates: 16°04′07″S 47°58′35″W / 16.06861°S 47.97639°W / -16.06861; -47.97639 | |
| Country | Brazil |
| Region | Central-West |
| State | Goiás |
| Microregion | Entorno do Distrito Federal |
| Area | |
| Total | 60.950 km2 (23.533 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1,080 m (3,540 ft) |
| Population (2022) | |
| Total | 198,861 |
| Density | 3,300/km2 (8,500/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC−3 (BRT) |
| Postal code | 72870-000 |


title: Number 9 Dream

abstract: "#9 Dream" is a song written by John Lennon and first issued on his 1974 album Walls and Bridges. It was released as the second single from that album months later, on Apple Records catalogue Apple 1878 in the United States and Apple R6003 in the United Kingdom. It peaked at number 9 on the Billboard Hot 100, and it hit number 23 on the British singles chart. A video for the song was made in 2003.

text:
# Number 9 Dream

| "#9 Dream" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by R.E.M. | |
| from the album  *Instant Karma: The Amnesty International Campaign to Save Darfur* | |
| Released | May 2007 (2007-05) |
| Genre | Alternative rock |
| Length | 4:39 |
| Label | Warner Bros. |
| Songwriter(s) | John Lennon |
| R.E.M. singles chronology | |
| "Wanderlust"
(2005) "**#9 Dream**"
(2007) "Supernatural Superserious"
(2008) | |

"**#9 Dream**" is a song written by John Lennon and first issued on his 1974 album *Walls and Bridges*. It was released as the second single from that album months later, on Apple Records catalogue Apple 1878 in the United States and Apple R6003 in the United Kingdom. It peaked at number 9 on the *Billboard* Hot 100, and it hit number 23 on the British singles chart. A video for the song was made in 2003.

## Background

"#9 Dream" came to Lennon in a dream. Lennon has said that the song was just "churned out" with "no inspiration".

> That's what I call craftsmanship writing, meaning, you know, I just churned that out. I'm not putting it down, it's just what it is, but I just sat down and wrote it, you know, with no real inspiration, based on a dream I'd had.
>
> John Lennon, 1980, BBC

According to May Pang's website, two working titles for the song were "So Long Ago" and "Walls & Bridges". Pang also states that the phrase repeated in the chorus, "Ah! böwakawa poussé, poussé", came to Lennon in a dream and has no specific meaning. Pang added that Al Coury of Capitol Records initially protested against the use of the word "pussy" in the chorus, but after Lori Burton, the wife of studio engineer Roy Cicala, suggested that it should be sung as "poussé", as if in a foreign language, the lyrics were kept.

The song was notable as a favourite of Lennon's, despite his later claim that the song was a "throwaway". Pang said on the matter, "This was one of John's favorite songs, because it literally came to him in a dream. He woke up and wrote down those words along with the melody. He had no idea what it meant, but he thought it sounded beautiful."

## Content

Lennon liked the string arrangement he wrote for Harry Nilsson's rendition of "Many Rivers to Cross", originally by Jimmy Cliff, from the album *Pussy Cats* so much that he decided to incorporate it into the song.

The backing vocal is provided by May Pang, Lennon's partner at the time. Lennon wrote and arranged the song around his dream, hence the title and atmospheric, dreamlike feel, including the use of cellos in the chorus. The song's intricate production is reminiscent of "Strawberry Fields Forever".

## Recording

The song was tracked at the Record Plant in New York City on 23 July 1974, under the working title "Walls and Bridges". Pang added her dreamy "John" overdub on 26 August 1974.

## Reception

It peaked at number 9 on the *Billboard* Hot 100, also peaking at number 10 on the *Cashbox* Top 100 in the US. It charted at number 23 on the UK Singles Chart and number 35 in Canada.

*Billboard* commented on the contrast with Lennon's previous single from *Walls and Bridges*, "Whatever Gets You Through the Night", stating that "#9 Dream" is a "soft rocker" with "strong production" values which it expected would reach the Top 5. *Cash Box* said that it "is milder and more gentle than \['Whatever Gets You Through the Night'\] with fine and subdued instrumentation acting as mellow cushion to John's vocal" and said that "the lyrics are super." *Record World* said that Lennon's "best romantic ode since 'Imagine' exits with a chant reminiscent of ex-Beatle Harrison's 'My Sweet Lord.'"

## Personnel

The musicians who performed on the original recording were as follows:

## Chart performance

## Legacy

## InfoBox

| "#9 Dream" | |
| --- | --- |
| The German single sleeve of the song | |
| Single by John Lennon | |
| from the album  *Walls and Bridges* | |
| B-side | "What You Got" |
| Released | 16 December 1974 (1974-12-16) |
| Recorded | July–August 1974 |
| Genre | Soft rock |
| Length | 4:44 |
| Label | Apple |
| Songwriter(s) | John Lennon |
| Producer(s) | John Lennon |
| John Lennon singles chronology | |
| "Whatever Gets You thru the Night"
(1974) "**#9 Dream**"
(1974) "Stand by Me"
(1975) | |
|  | |
| *Walls and Bridges* track listing | |
| 12 tracks Side one 1. "Going Down on Love" 2. "Whatever Gets You thru the Night" 3. "Old Dirt Road" 4. "What You Got" 5. "Bless You" 6. "Scared"  Side two 1. "#9 Dream" 2. "Surprise, Surprise (Sweet Bird of Paradox)" 3. "Steel and Glass" 4. "Beef Jerky" 5. "Nobody Loves You (When You're Down and Out)" 6. "Ya Ya" | |
| Official video | |
| "#9 Dream" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Milena Milošević

abstract: Milena Milošević was a politician in Serbia. She served in the National Assembly of Serbia for most of the period from 2001 to 2012 and was mayor of the Belgrade municipality of Vračar from 1997 to 2006. Milošević was a member of the Democratic Party.

text:
# Milena Milošević

**Milena Milošević** (Serbian Cyrillic: Милена Милошевић; 19 June 1950–2016) was a politician in Serbia. She served in the National Assembly of Serbia for most of the period from 2001 to 2012 and was mayor of the Belgrade municipality of Vračar from 1997 to 2006. Milošević was a member of the Democratic Party (*Demokratska stranka*, DS).

## Early life and career

Milošević was born in Belgrade, in what was then the People's Republic of Serbia in the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia. She graduated from the University of Belgrade Faculty of Law and worked for sixteen years as a lawyer, specializing in the legal control of loans and the insurance of property and persons.

## Politician

Milošević became active with the Democratic Party in 1992 and was an opponent of Slobodan Milošević's administration during the 1990s.

### City of Belgrade

Milošević served in the Vračar municipal assembly in the 1992–96 term and was the vice-president of the assembly from 1994 to 1996.

The DS contested the 1996 Serbian local elections in an alliance with the Serbian Renewal Movement (*Srpski pokret obnove*, SPO) and other parties, collectively known as *Zajedno* (Together). Although the alliance won the elections overall in Belgrade and several other cities, the Serbian authorities initially refused to recognize the results, leading to an extended period of protests throughout the country. The government ultimately almost all of the victories of *Zajedno* in early 1997. Milošević was re-elected to the Vračar assembly and was chosen as the assembly's president, which at the time was equivalent to mayor. She was also elected to the City Assembly of Belgrade for a Vračar division. *Zajedno* fell apart later in the year, and SPO created an informal alliance in Belgrade with Slobodan Milošević's Socialist Party of Serbia, leaving the DS out of the city administration.

The DS subsequently helped to form the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS), a broad and ideologically diverse coalition of parties opposed to Slobodan Milošević's administration; DOS candidate Vojislav Koštunica defeated Slobodan Milošević in the 2000 Yugoslavian general election, a watershed event in the politics of Serbia and Yugoslavia. Milena Milošević was re-elected to the Belgrade assembly for Vračar's second division in the concurrent 2000 Serbian local elections, in which the DOS won a landslide victory in Belgrade with 105 out of 110 seats. She also led the DOS to an absolute victory in Vračar – taking all sixty seats in the assembly – and was confirmed as mayor for a second term.

Serbia subsequently switched to a system of proportional representation for local elections and separated the positions of mayor and assembly president. Milošević was given the sixth position on the DS's electoral list in the 2004 Serbian local elections and was re-elected when the list won a plurality victory with thirty-four out of ninety mandates. She was not a candidate for re-election in 2008. She also led the DS to victory in Vračar and continued as mayor for a third term. She stood down from the role in 2006.

### Member of the National Assembly

Milena Milošević received the 151st position on the DOS's electoral list in the 2000 Serbian parliamentary election, which was held shortly after the fall of Slobodan Milošević's administration. The DOS won a landslide victory with 176 out of 250 seats, and Milena Milošević was awarded a mandate as a DS representative when the assembly convened in early 2001. (From 2000 to 2011, mandates in Serbian parliamentary elections were awarded to sponsoring parties or coalitions rather than individual candidates, and it was common practice for the mandates to be assigned out of numerical order. Milošević's specific position on the list had no formal bearing on whether she received a mandate.)

The DS fielded its own list in the 2003 parliamentary election, and Milošević was included in the 159th position. The list won thirty-seven mandates. Milošević was not initially included in her party's delegation, but she received a new mandate on 17 February 2004 as the replacement for another party member. In the sitting of the assembly that followed, the DS served in opposition.

Milošević was again included on the DS list in the 2007 parliamentary election and was selected for a third term when this list won sixty-four mandates. Following the election, the DS formed an unstable coalition government with the rival Democratic Party of Serbia (*Demokratska stranka Srbije*, DSS), and Milošević served as a supporter of the administration.

The DS–DSS coalition fell apart in early 2008, and a new election was held in May of that year. The DS contested the election at the head of the *For a European Serbia* coalition; Milošević appeared in the 135th position on the list and was selected for a fourth mandate when the list won 102 out of 250 seats. Although the results of the parliamentary election were initially inconclusive, *For a European Serbia* ultimately formed a new governing alliance with the Socialist Party of Serbia and other parties, and Milošević once again served as a government supporter. She was not a candidate for re-election in 2012.

## Death

The DS announced on 1 October 2016 that Milošević had died. Her funeral took place two days later.

## Electoral record

### Local (City Assembly of Belgrade)

2000 City of Belgrade election
Vračar Division II
| Prof. Dr. Milan Božić (incumbent) | Serbian Renewal Movement |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Milan Drakluić | Serbian Radical Party |  |
| Dragoljub Janković | Socialist Party of SerbiaYugoslav Left |  |
| Ljubisav Krunić | New Communist Party of Yugoslavia |  |
| **Milena Milošević** (incumbent) | Democratic Opposition of Serbia | Elected |


title: Niaoyu

abstract: Niaoyu is an island in the Penghu Archipelago,located off the eastern coast of Baisha Island and northeast of Yuanbei Village. Administratively, it belongs to Baisha Township in Penghu County, Taiwan.

text:
# Niaoyu

**Niaoyu** (Traditional Chinese: 鳥嶼) is an island in the Penghu Archipelago,located off the eastern coast of Baisha Island and northeast of Yuanbei Village. Administratively, it belongs to Baisha Township in Penghu County, Taiwan.

## Overview

Niaoyu covers an area of approximately 26.5 hectares and has a coastline of about 2.5 kilometers. The island's terrain is lower in the north and higher in the center, composed of basalt. The terrain is lofty and impressive. Facing the northeast, the island has long been subjected to the northeast monsoon and strong sea waves, resulting in intense wind and sea erosion. This has created a well-developed and rich coastal landscape. The eastern coast features columnar basalt formations that extend to the northern coast, forming towering and majestic sea cliffs. At the top, a lighthouse guides ships navigating the northern waters, marking the highest elevation in the northern sea area of Penghu.

23°39′40″N 119°39′37″E / 23.66111°N 119.66028°E / 23.66111; 119.66028


title: Nick St. Pierre

abstract: Nicolas "Nick" St. Pierre is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who is contracted with Tohoku Free Blades in Japan for the 2018-19 AL season. He most recently played with EC KAC of the Austrian Hockey League (EBEL). He played with HC Plzeň in the Czech Extraliga during the 2010–11 Czech Extraliga season. After three seasons with Champions HC Plzeň, St. Pierre left for Germany, signing a one-year contract with Krefeld Pinguine of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL) on May 7, 2013.

text:
# Nick St. Pierre

**Nicolas** "**Nick**" **St. Pierre** (born March 7, 1985) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who is contracted with Tohoku Free Blades in Japan for the 2018-19 AL season. He most recently played with EC KAC of the Austrian Hockey League (EBEL). He played with HC Plzeň in the Czech Extraliga during the 2010–11 Czech Extraliga season.

After three seasons with Champions HC Plzeň, St. Pierre left for Germany, signing a one-year contract with Krefeld Pinguine of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL) on May 7, 2013.

## Awards and honours

| Award | Year |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| College | | |
| All-ECAC Hockey Rookie Team | 2006 |  |
| ECAC All-Academic Team | 2008, 2009 |  |

## InfoBox

| Nick St. Pierre | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Born | (1985-03-07) March 7, 1985
Saint-Étienne, Quebec, Canada | | |
| Height | 6 ft 0 in (183 cm) | | |
| Weight | 185 lb (84 kg; 13 st 3 lb) | | |
| Position | Defence | | |
| Shoots | Left | | |
| AL team
Former teams | *Tohoku Free Blades*
Syracuse Crunch
Norfolk Admirals
HC Plzeň
Krefeld Pinguine
EC KAC | | |
| NHL draft | Undrafted | | |
| Playing career | 2009present | | |


title: Nick Stafford

abstract: Nick Stafford is a British playwright and writer. He is best known for writing the stage adaptation of Michael Morpurgo's novel War Horse, which garnered him a Laurence Olivier Award nomination for Best New Play in 2008, and the Tony Award for Best Play in 2011.

text:
# Nick Stafford

**Nick Stafford** (born Nicholas Thomas, 1959 in Staffordshire) is a British playwright and writer. He is best known for writing the stage adaptation of Michael Morpurgo's novel *War Horse*, which garnered him a Laurence Olivier Award nomination for Best New Play in 2008, and the Tony Award for Best Play in 2011.

## Career

Stafford trained at Rose Bruford College of Theatre and Performance, and his first professionally produced play was commissioned in 1987 by the Half Moon Young People's Theatre, where Stafford was writer-in-residence. He also got commissions from other small companies, before going to the Young Vic, also as writer-in-residence. His first play there, *The Snow Queen*, ran for two years. He has had several plays produced at the National Theatre and at Birmingham Rep. Stafford's adaptation of Michael Morpurgo's novel *War Horse* was first produced in London in 2007, where it is still running; other productions have been staged on Broadway, and in Toronto, Canada. Five of his plays have been published by Faber and Faber.

Stafford also has had several plays produced on BBC Radio 4, and has been commissioned to write movies and television drama; none of these bar a BBC short has been filmed.

Stafford was a Royal Literary Fund Fellow at Roehampton University from 2003–06 and at the University of Southampton from 2007–09.

Stafford's first novel, *Armistice*, was published in 2009.

## Works

### Plays

### Radio plays

All were produced for BBC Radio 4.

### Novels

* 2009 *Armistice* novel.


title: Nikhil Chaudhary (environmentalist)

abstract: Nikhil Chaudhary is an environmentalist, urban-planner, architect, and cartoonist from Maharashtra, India. His work has been featured as contributing to a growing movement to use comics as advocacy tools for environmental and urban issues. He is a contributing author to the recent book, Longform: An Anthology of Graphic Narratives. Most recently, his work was featured in the documentary-series, Compass by the TRT World - on an episode investigating the role of art and artists addressing Gentrification.

text:
# Nikhil Chaudhary (environmentalist)

**Nikhil Chaudhary** is an environmentalist, urban-planner, architect, and cartoonist from Maharashtra, India. His work has been featured as contributing to a growing movement to use comics as advocacy tools for environmental and urban issues. He is a contributing author to the recent book, *Longform: An Anthology of Graphic Narratives*. Most recently, his work was featured in the documentary-series, *Compass* by the TRT World \- on an episode investigating the role of art and artists addressing Gentrification.


title: Musée Sainte-Croix

abstract: The Musée Sainte-Croix is the largest museum in Poitiers, France. Planned by the architect poitevin Jean Monge and built in 1974, it stands at the site of the former Abbaye Sainte-Croix, which was moved to Saint-Benoît, Vienne. It is a constructed of concrete and glass, in the 1970s style. The museum hosts a permanent exhibition on periods from prehistory to the contemporary art, through the medieval period and the Fine arts. Major works include sculptures of Camille Claudel and Auguste Rodin, a reliquary vase from Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe, paintings by Piet Mondrian and Odilon Redon and the stone sculpture of L'Âme de la France by Charles Marie Louis Joseph Sarrabezolles.

text:
# Musée Sainte-Croix

The **Musée Sainte-Croix** is the largest museum in Poitiers, France. Planned by the architect poitevin Jean Monge and built in 1974, it stands at the site of the former Abbaye Sainte-Croix, which was moved to Saint-Benoît, Vienne. It is a constructed of concrete and glass, in the 1970s style.

The museum hosts a permanent exhibition on periods from prehistory to the contemporary art, through the medieval period and the Fine arts. Major works include sculptures of Camille Claudel and Auguste Rodin, a reliquary vase from Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe, paintings by Piet Mondrian and Odilon Redon and the stone sculpture of L'Âme de la France by Charles Marie Louis Joseph Sarrabezolles.

## History

The first museum of the city of Poitiers was created in 1820. It then moved to the ground floor of the new town hall built at the end of the Second Empire. In 1947, a major donation by the Société des Antiquaires de l'Ouest considerably enriched the city's collections, regional archeology and numismatics being strengthened, as well as fine and decorative arts.

The architect Jean Monge, winner of the Prix de l'Équerre d'Argent for the city's university library of law and letters in 1973, was commissioned to build a new museum building. The museum opened on December 21, 1974, under the name of "Centre culturel Sainte-Croix". Since September 2015, its historical qualities of architecture have been recognized by the label "Heritage of the 20th century" awarded by the Ministry of Culture.

By 2019, the museum will have modern outsourced reserves in Vouneuil-sous-Biard, bringing together some 1.2 million objects listed in the museum's inventory, and thus freeing up more than 1,000 m2 of storage space exhibition inside the building. The permanent route will then be greatly enriched, among other things by the arrival of collections from the other municipal museum, the Rupert-de-Chièvres Museum, which has been closed since 2009. A three-year partnership between the City and Institut national du patrimoine also provides for scientific, technical and professional cooperation in the fields of heritage conservation and restoration.

46°34′45″N 0°20′52″E / 46.5792°N 0.3477°E / 46.5792; 0.3477


title: Marseilles Hydro Plant

abstract: The Marseilles Hydro Plant, also known as the Marseilles Hydro Development or the Marseilles Hydro Power Station, is a historic hydroelectric power station along the Illinois River in Marseilles, Illinois, USA.

text:
# Marseilles Hydro Plant

The **Marseilles Hydro Plant**, also known as the **Marseilles Hydro Development** or the **Marseilles Hydro Power Station**, is a historic hydroelectric power station along the Illinois River in Marseilles, Illinois, USA.

## History

### Operational period

Construction on the Marseilles Hydro Plant began in 1906 and was completed in 1911. The original generator house contained seven 400 kilowatt Westinghouse and General Electric generators driven by Laffel and Sampson turbine water wheels. Each turbine weighed 24 tons and spun on ironwood bearings.

The plant was built by Northern Illinois Light and Traction Company (Illinois Power) In 1913 the station underwent a week of performance tests under the direction of lead design engineer C.W. Humphrey and famous architect Daniel H. Burnham. Per its design, the plant diverts water from the Illinois River into its channel, or race, where it flowed into the forebay on the north side of the building. Water then entered a basement like chamber where it drove the water wheels. The plant remained in operation from its completion until 1989.

Illinois Power operated the power station with water leased from Marseilles Land and Water Company, the lease was to last a period of 90 years, until 2001 with an option to renew until 2091. In 1933 the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers replaced the dam owned by Marseilles Land and Water and entered into an agreement in which the Corps promised to not take any actions that would jeopardize the historic output levels of the hydro plant.

Ten years after the plant was decommissioned sister companies of Marseilles Hydro Power, LLC purchased the plant and inherited the agreement between Marseilles Land and Water and Illinois Power. The agreement and ensuing events would lead to a prolonged court battle between Marseilles Land and Water and Marseilles Hydro Power, LLC.

### Reopening discussion

Between 2003 and 2006 there were three separate attempts to reopen the hydro plant and bring it back online. Those efforts were halted due to the lengthy legal battle between the canal owners and Hydro Power, LLC. In March 2008 the city of Marseilles began attempting to enter into an agreement with Marseilles Hydro Power, LLC and North American Hydro Holdings, the plant owners held back by litigation in previous years. This, despite the fact that on December 17, 2007 the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) issued notice to Marseilles Hydro Power, LLC that the license for revitalizing and reopening the plant was about to be revoked. The company formally protested in January 2008. On April 17, 2008 the FERC found that construction at the Marseilles Hydro Plant had not begun in a timely manner per the Federal Power Act and terminated the license for the project.

## Architecture

The main generator building at the Marseilles Hydro Plant is cast in the Classical Revival architectural style. The station was designed under the lead of consulting and design engineer Humphrey, who had his office at The Rookery in Chicago. The rectangular generator building is immediately adjacent the Illinois River and is about 229 feet (70 m) long by 40 feet (12 m) wide; it stands 26 feet (7.9 m) tall.

## Outbuildings

In addition to the main generator house there are several outbuildings and other structures on the 7.6-acre (3.1 ha) site of the Marseilles Hydro Plant. The plant's forebay is an 18-foot-deep (5.5 m) pool edged with concrete retaining walls. The storehouse, a building known as the "Barn", was constructed c. 1913 and has dimensions of about 45 by 36 feet (14 by 11 m). The Oil House or "Oil Shed" is a windowless structure approximately 15 by 30 feet (4.6 by 9.1 m) in size. The overgrown site of the coal-fired steam plant is another area on the property, though only the foundations remain. The dates of the steam plant's construction and demolition are uncertain. Two other structures, a substation shed and the substation switchgear and transformers, are on site; both date from 1956.

## Historic significance

The Marseilles Hydro Power Station played a major role in modernizing the Illinois River Valley by providing electricity for the state's first electric trains. In addition, the site of the coal-fired steam plant has the potential to yield archaeological information about the history of power generation in the United States. The Marseilles Hydro Plant was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on May 9, 1989. The listing included four of the six outbuildings, structures and sites as contributing properties; only the structures dating from 1956 were excluded.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Marseilles Hydro Plant | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| The hydro plant, still operational, in 1986 | |
| Location | Commercial St., Marseilles, Illinois |
| Coordinates | 41°19′35″N 88°42′52″W / 41.32644°N 88.71456°W / 41.32644; -88.71456 |
| Area | 7.6 acres (3.1 ha) |
| Built | 1911 |
| Architect | C.W. Humphrey |
| Architectural style | Classical Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 89000343 |
| Added to NRHP | May 9, 1989 |


title: Lodhi language

abstract: Lodhi is a Munda language, or dialect cluster, of India. Kharia Thar is only spoken by one quarter of ethnic Lodhi in Orissa. However, while admitting that Lodhi is related to Sora, a Munda language, Ethnologue classifies it as Indic (Bengali–Assamese), and it is considered a variety of Hindi in the Indian census. It may be that there are both Munda and Indic varieties subsumed under the name Lodhi. However, Anderson (2008:299) suggests that Lodhi (Lodha) of northern Orissa may be an endangered Munda language; some members use the autonym Sabar or Sabara.

text:
# Lodhi language

**Lodhi** (Lodi, Lohi, Lozi) is a Munda language, or dialect cluster, of India. Kharia Thar is only spoken by one quarter of ethnic Lodhi in Orissa. However, while admitting that Lodhi is related to Sora, a Munda language, *Ethnologue* classifies it as Indic (Bengali–Assamese), and it is considered a variety of Hindi in the Indian census. It may be that there are both Munda and Indic varieties subsumed under the name Lodhi.

However, Anderson (2008:299) suggests that Lodhi (Lodha) of northern Orissa may be an endangered Munda language; some members use the autonym Sabar or Sabara.

## Locations

Lodhi is spoken in:

## Sources

* Anderson, Gregory D.S (ed). 2008. *The Munda languages*. Routledge Language Family Series 3.New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-32890-X.

## InfoBox

| Lodhi | |
| --- | --- |
| Sabar, Sabara | |
| ସାବାର | |
| Native to | India |
| Region | Odisha, West Bengal, Jharkhand |
| Ethnicity | Lodha |
| Native speakers | 139,000 (2011)<br>22% of ethnic population |
| Language family | Austroasiatic * Munda     + South         - Sora-Gorum             * **Lodhi** |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | `lbm` |
| *Glottolog* | `lodh1246` |


title: Myrcia pseudospectabilis

abstract: Myrcia pseudospectabilis is a species of plant in the family Myrtaceae. It is endemic to coastal rainforest habitats in southern Bahia, Brazil. The tree was first described in 2010, grows to between 1 and 6 metres tall, and produces purple or black fruits between 10 and 12mm in diameter.

text:
# Myrcia pseudospectabilis

***Myrcia pseudospectabilis*** is a species of plant in the family Myrtaceae. It is endemic to coastal rainforest habitats in southern Bahia, Brazil. The tree was first described in 2010, grows to between 1 and 6 metres tall, and produces purple or black fruits between 10 and 12mm in diameter.

## InfoBox

| *Myrcia pseudospectabilis* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | *Myrcia* |
| Species: | ***M. pseudospectabilis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Myrcia pseudospectabilis***
Sobral | |
|


title: Razor Ledbetter

abstract: Ralph Overton "Razor" Ledbetter was a Major League Baseball pitcher who pitched one inning for the Detroit Tigers in April 1915. He also played 11 years in minor league baseball from 1913 to 1926. Ledbetter was born in Rutherford College, North Carolina in 1894. He began playing professional baseball in the North Carolina State League in 1913. In 1914, he compiled a 26–12 record for the Charlotte Hornets. After his 26-win season, Ledbetter joined the Detroit Tigers at the start of the 1915 season. On April 16, 1915, Ledbetter came in to pitch the top of the 9th inning in a home game against the Cleveland Indians at Navin Field. He pitched a scoreless inning, but the Tigers lost 9–6. He never appeared in another Major League game, although he did play for the Tigers in a May 10, 1915 exhibition game against the Cincinnati Reds. His lifetime ERA stands at 0.00. Ledbetter returned to Charlotte for most of the 1915 season, compiling a record of 17–12. He continued to play in the minor leagues through the 1925 season, including stints with the Charlotte Hornets, Mobile Sea Gulls (1916), Little Rock Travelers, St. Joseph Saints (1923–1924), and Durham Bulls (1924–1925). He compiled a 19–9 record in 1921. His career record in the minor leagues was 119–112. Ledbetter died in West Palm Beach, Florida.

text:
# Razor Ledbetter

**Ralph Overton "Razor" Ledbetter** (December 8, 1894 – February 1, 1969) was a Major League Baseball pitcher who pitched one inning for the Detroit Tigers in April 1915. He also played 11 years in minor league baseball from 1913 to 1926.

Ledbetter was born in Rutherford College, North Carolina in 1894. He began playing professional baseball in the North Carolina State League in 1913. In 1914, he compiled a 26–12 record for the Charlotte Hornets.

After his 26-win season, Ledbetter joined the Detroit Tigers at the start of the 1915 season. On April 16, 1915, Ledbetter came in to pitch the top of the 9th inning in a home game against the Cleveland Indians at Navin Field. He pitched a scoreless inning, but the Tigers lost 9–6. He never appeared in another Major League game, although he did play for the Tigers in a May 10, 1915 exhibition game against the Cincinnati Reds. His lifetime ERA stands at 0.00.

Ledbetter returned to Charlotte for most of the 1915 season, compiling a record of 17–12. He continued to play in the minor leagues through the 1925 season, including stints with the Charlotte Hornets (1914–1915, 1920), Mobile Sea Gulls (1916), Little Rock Travelers (1917, 1919), St. Joseph Saints (1923–1924), and Durham Bulls (1924–1925). He compiled a 19–9 record in 1921. His career record in the minor leagues was 119–112.

Ledbetter died in West Palm Beach, Florida.

## InfoBox

| Razor Ledbetter | |
| --- | --- |
| **Pitcher** | |
| **Born:** (1894-12-08)December 8, 1894
Rutherford College, North Carolina | |
| **Died:** February 1, 1969(1969-02-01) (aged 74)
West Palm Beach, Florida | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| April 16, 1915, for the Detroit Tigers | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| April 16, 1915, for the Detroit Tigers | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Win–loss record | 0–0 |
| Strikeouts | 0 |
| Earned run average | 0.00 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Guatemalan rock

abstract: Guatemalan Rock or Rock Chapín is a genre of rock music which has been developing in Guatemala since the mid-1970s.

text:
# Guatemalan rock

**Guatemalan Rock** or *Rock Chapín* is a genre of rock music which has been developing in Guatemala since the mid-1970s.

## Guatemalan Rock Music

Spanish language rock music originated in mid-1960s Guatemala. One of the biggest acts of this early period was Luis Galich and his band Santa Fé. Santa Fé played gigs and concerts in Guatemala City and across greater Guatemala. Bands such as Plástico Pesado (later renamed Quetzalumán), which was composed of Manu Ramirez, Tacuche, Rollin y Paco Lam, expanded Guatemalan rock, experimenting with psychedelic influences and original material. Other psychedelic bands of the time included: S.O.S. (Rony de Leon, Chepito Hope, David de Gandarias, Armando Fong), Caballo Loco, Apple Pie (Tito Henkle, Luis Zetina, Rico Molina & Gentry), Cuerpo y Alma, Banda Clásica, Cerebro, La Compañía, Siglo XX, Eclipse, and Pastel de Fresa.

One remarkable milestone was the unprecedented creation in 1973–74 of the rock opera *Corazón del sol naciente* (*Heart of the Sunrise*) by Sol Naciente, a large youth group of dancers, vocalists, an extended chorus, as well as a band which included Guatemalan percussion instruments and unplugged acoustic guitars, piano, and solo violin. Some of the band members later formed the group Alción.

A very important and popular band during the late 1990s and early 2000s was Alux Nahual. They are one of the Spanish lyric writing/singing rock bands that have released a number of recordings in Guatemala. In the beginning, they were heavily influenced by progressive rock' bands such as Kansas (band) and Jethro Tull (band). Though they added a very important native theme to their lyrics, it never really evolved into their sound. Their members are active musicians playing reunion concerts but mostly keep working as individuals producing and performing.

Another popular band was Extincion, which opened for bands such as Control Machete and Enrique Bunbury. They were characterized by their hard lyrics and speed metal sounds.

Guatemalan rock bands such as Radio Viejo, Ricardo Andrade y los Últimos Adictos (which disbanded after their leader, Ricardo Andrade, was murdered in Sanarate, El Progreso), Bohemia Suburbana, Viernes verde and Viento en Contra enjoyed popularity among high-school and college students during the 1990s and 2000s. Also popular were Fabulas and La Tona, and Bohemia Suburbana, the most influential band to emerge from the scene around that decade. Fusing influences like U2 and Soda Stereo, Bohemia Suburbana created something rooted in well-crafted melodies and arrangements. Their most noted influences came from underground American and European sounds and some from South America and the Caribbean. The band has been active again after their reunion in 2012 called BS20; they released a new album entitled *Imaginaria Sonora* which put them back in the Guatemalan rock scene. Their recent single/video *Pero Nadie* received 20,000 views in one day.

Additionally, Viernes Verde, who formed in 1993 (around the same time as Bohemia Suburbana) has continued to perform despite numerous lineup changes. Viernes Verde are also the founders of the rock festival La Garra Chapina, which was created by them to help newcomers get into the Guatemalan rock industry. According to their official band web page, the idea of this concert was to transmit their message through audiovisual aids to represent historical Guatemalan moments. This concert event was one of the first to be broadcast in its entirety by national radio stations in Guatemala. It had a full house and has been continued annually since 1999. Viernes Verde started as a grunge band, but has evolved to play different music styles which gives the band one of its distinctive characteristics. The sounds of Viernes Verde, based on the majority of their songs, would be described as alternative rock. One of the main factors that allowed the group to gain such a strong popularity is their ability to appeal to a broad audience. On their first album titled, *Cenizas Bajo Tus Pies*, they have six tracks in Spanish and four in English. Having songs in both languages allows them the opportunity to connect with a larger audience.

Some Guatemalan rock bands active in the present are: Razones de Cambio, El Tambor de la Tribu, Malacates Trebol Shop, Viernes verde, Redhka, La Gran Calabaza, El Clubo, Viento en Contra, Anarkia, Sinattra, Legión, Vitriolo, Bohemia Suburbana, and Especies, among many others. Newer bands, like 4 Tiempos, have emerged in the early 2000s. Hedras Ramos is a young rock guitar player, perhaps the most prolific guitarist representing Guatemala in countries like England and Romania at rock world guitar competitions like Guitar Idol and Ziua Chitarelor 3 respectively.

Guatemalan Rock and Roll came to be an influence in the broader Guatemalan society and was synonymous with rebellion, yet it never provided a medium in which a broad base of youth from the 60s and 70s could make something influential enough to affect change in all sectors of society. There were some major factors that prohibited it from being popularly accepted among the country of Guatemalans. During this period, there was a lot of corruption and social unrest in Guatemala. The police would often search and arrest audience members at rock gigs, as well as many other types of gatherings. On occasion, musicians would go missing and never be found or would be found dead. Another factor was that rock music was mainly produced in English. It took some time for the transition of rock music from English to Spanish to be accepted as rock by the people. Today, the sound of the bands has so much to do with what North America produces, and the only efforts to make something original have been attempts to fuse native elements with a rock sound. A unique case on the scene is the rock band Sobrevivencia from Huehuetenango, whose lyrics are sung in Mam, a Mayan language spoken in the Guatemalan northwest.

In 2011, a new movement was born called El Ritmo de La Paz created by the company Impulsos Creativos. Its main approach was for new or amateur rock bands to compete for the prize of recording their first album with the company and promotion in the media.

13 amateur bands joined the movement and only seven made it to the finals; they played along with professional bands at Parque de la Industria such as Silent Poetry, Conciencia Sublime, Arena Rock, Nova Epica, Bhios (Huehuetenango), Artifice and Metal Requiem.

The winner of the contest was a band called Iridium Mas Alla de Mi Tierra who have been promoted by Impulsos Creativos. They have appeared on national television, and they have been interviewed and their songs played on national radio stations. They are recording their first album as they play numerous concerts.

El Ritmo de La Paz is an annual Rock Festival with a message for the utopian peace that every Guatemalan desires.

## References and further reading


title: Gum Air

abstract: Gum Air is a Surinamese airline based in Paramaribo, Suriname. Gum Air cooperates with Trans Guyana Airways to provide daily flights between Zorg en Hoop Airport in Paramaribo, Suriname and Ogle Airport in Georgetown, Guyana.

text:
# Gum Air

**Gum Air** is a Surinamese airline based in Paramaribo, Suriname. Gum Air cooperates with Trans Guyana Airways to provide daily flights between Zorg en Hoop Airport in Paramaribo, Suriname and Ogle Airport in Georgetown, Guyana.

## History

Gum Air was founded in 1971 by six brothers of the Gummels family. The company they started in March 1964, was agriculture airspray company named Surinam Sky Farmers and Gum Air its offspring focused more on domestic flights and regional charters. Whereas Surinam Sky Farmers has its base in the rice district of Nickerie at the Wageningen Airstrip together with Overeem Air Service maintaining Grumman Ag Cat aircraft, Gum Air has set up its domestic airline at the Zorg en Hoop Airport in the city.

## Current operation

Gum Air has its base at Zorg en Hoop airfield in the capital city Paramaribo and now mainly flies with single engine Cessna airplanes and twin-engined de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter aircraft.

Gum Air also owns dedicated Heliport, Gummels Heliport Paramaribo, built in Suriname at the Gummelsweg in the neighborhood of Kwatta near the city of Paramaribo, Suriname. Privately owned by the Gummels family the heliport is mainly used for helicopter charters and primarily for offshore development activities within the country.

Besides charter flights within Suriname Gum Air also operates scheduled interior services from Paramaribo to places like Benzdorp, Cottica, Gabaka, Drietabbetje and Stoelmanseiland.

Internationally Gum Air has an agreement with Trans Guyana Airways and together they provide regular scheduled flights between Zorg en Hoop Airport, Paramaribo (Suriname) and Ogle Airport of Georgetown (Guyana).

Gum Air has flown various unique types of STOL Short Take Off & Landing aircraft from Suriname in the past such as Dornier DO 28D-1 Skyservant, GAF Nomad, Britten-Norman BN-2 Islander and also helicopter types such as Agusta-Bell 204B & Bell 206B Jet Ranger II.

## Future expansion plans

In September 2021, Gum Air placed an order at Cessna for a new Cessna 408 SkyCourier to become the first operator in the Caribbean and Latin America for this new type of twin engine turboprop aircraft planned for delivery in 2023. Gum Air is currently constructing a new 3600-foot runway at its Gummels Heliport Paramaribo, and plans to utilize the SkyCourier for flights between Paramaribo, Georgetown, Port of Spain, and Cayenne. The new airport will mainly support the Oil & Gas, and Cargo sectors with charter flights.

## Fleet

Gum Air today owns a fleet of eight aircraft plus three helicopters, consisting of four types of aircraft varying from five to 19 seats. One Cessna SkyCourier is on order for delivery in 2023.

| Aircraft | In Fleet | On Order | Passengers | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Cessna U206B/G Stationair 6/Super Skywagon | 2 |  | 1 pilot plus 5 passengers |  |
| Cessna 208B Grand Caravan | 4 |  | 1-2 pilots plus 8-9 passengers | (*Max 14 passengers with FAR Part 23 waiver*) |
| De Havilland Canada DHC-6-300 Twin Otter | 2 |  | 2 pilots plus 19 passengers |  |
| Cessna 408 SkyCourier |  | 1 | 2 pilots plus Cargo (19 passengers) |  |
| Robinson R44 Raven I | 2 |  | 1-pilot plus 3 passengers |  |
| Bell 505 Jet Ranger X | 1 |  | 1-pilot plus 4 passengers |  |
| Total | 11 | 1 |  | |

## Accidents and incidents

* On 10 February 2001 Gum Air's GAF Nomad N24A, registered PZ-TBP was written off when it crashed on a flight from Paramaribo – Zanderij Johan Adolf Pengel International Airport (PBM/SMJP) to Njoeng Jacob Kondre Airstrip (ICAO: SMJK). The Nomad plane had lost radio contact. According to personnel at the airstrip in Jacob Kondre it was flying low and crashed into a mountain. All 9 passengers plus the pilot died.
* On 21 August 2008 a Gum Air's Cessna 207 Skywagon, PZ-TRR, ran off the airstrip at Poesoegroenoe Airstrip (ICAO: SMPG) during take-off when engine failure occurred. All 6 people on board survived, with only two slightly injured.
* On 22 November 2008 Gum Air's Cessna 404 Titan, registered PZ-TVC made a forced landing on the road near Gusterie, Suriname, after engine failures. The aircraft came to rest in the bushes and was reported destroyed. No injuries or fatalities occurred in this accident.
* On 15 May 2017 Gum Air's Cessna 206 Stationair 6 registered PZ-TVU had a landing gear failure during loading at airstrip Kwamalasamutu (ICAO: SMSM). Airplane gear was later repaired and flown back to homebase Zorg en Hoop Airport
* On 28 July 2021 Gum Air's Cessna 206 Stationair 6 registered PZ-TBG crash landed near the former mining area of Paranam in Suriname. This accident occurred following a loss of engine power, four passengers and female pilot survived with minor injuries.

## InfoBox

Gum Air
| IATA ICAO Call sign  GUM GUMAIR | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | September 16, 1971 (1971-09-16) |
| Operating bases | Zorg en Hoop Airport |
| Fleet size | 11 |
| Headquarters | Paramaribo, Suriname |
| Key people | Dean Gummels (MD) |
| Website | www.gumair.sr |


title: Raymond Coppinger

abstract: Raymond Coppinger was a professor of cognitive science and biology at Hampshire College. He was an expert in dog behavior and the origin of the domestic dog.

text:
# Raymond Coppinger

**Raymond Coppinger** (died August 14, 2017) was a professor of cognitive science and biology at Hampshire College. He was an expert in dog behavior and the origin of the domestic dog.

## Education

He majored in literature and philosophy at Boston University. He received his Ph.D. at the University of Massachusetts in biology. His thesis was on "the effect of experience and novelty on avian feeding behavior."

## Career

He was one of the first faculty members at Hampshire College when it was founded in 1969.

He published more than 60 scientific articles, and appeared in many documentaries including for the BBC, the Canadian Broadcasting Company, and PBS.

His wife Lorna Coppinger was a frequent collaborator on research and writing. In their book "What Is a Dog?," they argue that vast majority of street dogs are not strays or lost pets, but rather well-adapted scavengers, similar to the dogs that first emerged thousands of years ago.

### Livestock Dog Project

The Coppingers compiled data for ten years from over 1,400 Livestock Guardian Dogs (LGDs) to research their use on American ranches to combat coyotes. Their work is still the single largest, long term study of LGDs.

He and his wife helped develop and popularize the Anatolian Shepherd breed in the United States.

### Foxes

His research on foxes has challenged views about domestication syndrome with foxes, suggesting that the traits associated with the syndrome occurred in the fox population prior to their domestication.

## Death

Coppinger died at the age of 80, from cancer. He is survived by his wife, Lorna.

## Books

* Coppinger, Raymond; Coppinger, Lorna (2016). *What Is a Dog?*. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226478227.
* Coppinger, Raymond; Feinstein, Mark (2015). *How Dogs Work*. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226128139.
* Coppinger, Raymond (2014). *Fishing Dogs: A Guide to the History, Talents, and Training of the Baildale, the Flounderhounder, the Angler Dog, and Sundry Other Breeds of Aquatic Dogs (Canis piscatorius)*. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781628739381.
* Coppinger, Raymond; Coppinger, Lorna (2001). *Dogs: A Startling New Understanding of Canine Origin, Behavior, and Evolution*. Scribner. ISBN 9780684855301.
* Coppinger, Raymond (1978). *Livestock guarding dogs for U.S. agriculture*.

Raymond Coppinger at IMDb

## InfoBox

| Raymond Coppinger | |
| --- | --- |
| Died | (2017-08-14)August 14, 2017 |
| Education | Bachelors at Boston University Ph.D. at University of Massachusetts, Amherst |
| Employer | Hampshire College |
| Known for | Canine origin research |
| Spouse | Lorna Coppinger |


title: Guglielmo de' Pazzi

abstract: Guglielmo di Antonio de' Pazzi, Lord of Civitella was an Italian nobleman, banker and politician from the Republic of Florence. He was also husband of Bianca de' Medici, sister of the Lord of Florence Lorenzo the Magnificent.

text:
# Guglielmo de' Pazzi

**Guglielmo di Antonio de' Pazzi**, **Lord of Civitella** (Republic of Florence, 6 August 1437 - 6 July 1516) was an Italian nobleman, banker and politician from the Republic of Florence. He was also husband of Bianca de' Medici, sister of the Lord of Florence Lorenzo the Magnificent.

## Biography

Guglielmo was born in Florence on 6 August 1437. He was one of nine children (three sons and six daughters) of Antonio di Andrea de' Pazzi and his wife Nicolosa degli Alessandri.

In August 1459 he married Bianca de' Medici (1445 - 1505), a member of the most powerful and wealthy family in the city and daughter of the Lord of Florence Piero de' Medici and sister of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Thanks to the marriage, Guglielmo obtained many important offices. He was *Priore* of Liberty (1467), *VIII of Balia and Guardia* (1469), Officer of Monte (1471) and Mint Consul (1475).

In 1478 relations between the Medici and Pazzi had deteriorated for political, economic and personal reasons. Jacopo and Francesco de' Pazzi (Guglielmo's uncle and brother) organized the Pazzi Conspiracy to kill Lorenzo and his brother Giuliano de' Medici. Giuliano died but Lorenzo survived. With the support of the city, Lorenzo retaliated by killing or exiling all male members of the Pazzi family, and forbidding any Pazzi women who chose to stay in Florence from marrying. Finally he condemned the Pazzi to damnatio memoriae. Guglielmo did not take part in the conspiracy, but was himself exiled and banned from politics for 15 years. His wife and children went with him. However, his daughters were exempt from the ban on marrying. His wife Bianca died in 1505.

In 1495 he held political offices in Tortona and was ambassador to Charles VIII of France. In 1497 and 1498 he held offices in Mugello and Scarperia. In 1501 he fought for Florence against Pisa and in 1502 he was Commissioner in Val di Chiana and Arezzo. In 1513 he became *Gonfaloniere*, the highest Florentine office.

Later he bought the fiefdom of Civitella in Romagna and became Lord of Civitella.

He died on 6 July 1516.

## Issue

Bianca and Guglielmo had sixteen children, nine sons and seven daughters:

* Antonio de' Pazzi (1460), died as an infant;
* Giovanna de' Pazzi, married Tommaso Monaldi in 1481;
* Antonio de' Pazzi (1462-1528), ambassador and politician, *Gonfaloniere di Giustizia* in 1521, second Lord of Civitella;
* Contessina de' Pazzi, married Giuliano Salviati in 1486;
* Alessandra de' Pazzi (1465), married Bartolomeo Buondelmonti in 1486;
* Cosimo de' Pazzi (1466-1513), archbishop of Florence from 1508 until his death;
* Piero de' Pazzi (1468), died as an infant;
* Lorenzo Alessandro de' Pazzi, (1470-1535) merchant, patron of the arts and latinist;
* Cosa de' Pazzi, married Francesco di Luca Capponi;
* Renato de' Pazzi, goldsmith merchant
* Lorenzo de' Pazzi, politician and ambassador;
* Luigia de' Pazzi, married Folco di Edoardo Portinari in 1494;
* Maddalena de' Pazzi, married Ormanozzo Deti in 1497;
* Alessandro de' Pazzi (1483-1530) ambassador, literate and greekist;
* Lucrezia de' Pazzi, married Cattani di Diacceto, and then a member of Martelli family in 1500;
* Giuliano de' Pazzi (1486-1517), doctor of law, abbot and canon of the Metropolitan of Florence.

1. "PAZZI, Guglielmo de' in "Dizionario Biografico"". *www.treccani.it* (in Italian). Retrieved 2022-12-09.
2. Litta, Pompeo (1781-1851) Auteur du texte. *Famiglie celebri di Italia. Pazzi di Firenze / P. Litta*. pp. IX.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

## InfoBox

| Guglielmo de' Pazzi | |
| --- | --- |
| Lord of Civitella | |
| Arms of Pazzi family | |
| Reign | c. 1514 - 6 July 1516 |
| Successor | Antonio di Guglielmo de' Pazzi, II Lord of Civitella |
| Born | *Guglielmo di Antonio de' Pazzi*
6 August 1437
Republic of Florence |
| Died | 6 July 1516(1516-07-06) (aged 78) |
| Nationality | Italian |
| Noble family | Pazzi |
| Spouse(s) | Bianca de' Medici  (m. 1459; dead 1505) |
| Issue | 16 children |
| Father | Antonio di Andrea de' Pazzi |
| Mother | Nicolosa degli Alessandri |


title: Guglionesi–Portocannone railway station

abstract:
Guglionesi–Portocannone station is the railway station serving the municipalities of Guglionesi and Portocannone and the adjacent industrial area of Termoli.
It is located in the municipal area of Guglionesi, of which the town is 10,6 km, while that of Portocannone is 4,1.
The Termoli–Campobasso line goes to the station. The station was closed on February 1, 2015. The Guglionesi–Portocannone station together with Termoli station are the only electrified stations of the Termoli–Campobasso railway line, the electrified line interrupts a few hundred meters from the Guglionesi–Portocannone station at the first level crossing in the direction of San Martino in Pensilis railway station.

text:
# Guglionesi–Portocannone railway station

**Guglionesi–Portocannone station** is the railway station serving the municipalities of Guglionesi and Portocannone and the adjacent industrial area of Termoli. It is located in the municipal area of Guglionesi, of which the town is 10,6 km, while that of Portocannone is 4,1. The Termoli–Campobasso line goes to the station.

The station was closed on February 1, 2015.

The Guglionesi–Portocannone station together with Termoli station are the only electrified stations of the Termoli–Campobasso railway line, the electrified line interrupts a few hundred meters from the Guglionesi–Portocannone station at the first level crossing in the direction of San Martino in Pensilis railway station.

1. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-08-04. Retrieved 2017-05-16.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

*This article is based upon a translation of the Italian language version as at May 2017.*

| Guglionesi–Portocannone railway station | |
| --- | --- |
| Route map  Previous-Next station
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## InfoBox

| Guglionesi–Portocannone | |
| --- | --- |
| General information | |
| Location | SS87 - SS647
Guglionesi, Campobasso, Molise
Italy |
| Coordinates | 42°55′55.4″N 14°59′10.05″E / 42.932056°N 14.9861250°E / 42.932056; 14.9861250 |
| Operated by | Rete Ferroviaria Italiana |
| Line(s) | Termoli–Campobasso
Termoli–Venafro |
| Train operators | Trenitalia |
| Other information | |
| Classification | Closed |
| History | |
| Opened | 1882 |
| Closed | 2015 |
| Electrified | yes |
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