title: New Public Cemetery, Budapest

abstract: New Public Cemetery is the largest cemetery in Budapest and one of the largest in Europe with an area of about 2.07 km⁲ and 3 million burials since its opening in 1886. It is adjacent to the Kozma Street Cemetery; the largest Jewish cemetery in Hungary. Its main building, which was constructed in 1903, has a 26-meter-high bell tower. In addition to its rich vegetation and wide avenues, the cemetery is famous for plot 301, where the martyrs of the 1956 revolution were buried. Today, an enormous modern monument by György Jovánovics marks their graves.

text:
# New Public Cemetery, Budapest

**New Public Cemetery** (Hungarian: *Új köztemető* or *Rákoskeresztúri sírkert*) is the largest cemetery in Budapest and one of the largest in Europe with an area of about 2.07 km2 and 3 million burials since its opening in 1886. It is adjacent to the Kozma Street Cemetery; the largest Jewish cemetery in Hungary. Its main building, which was constructed in 1903, has a 26-meter-high bell tower. In addition to its rich vegetation and wide avenues, the cemetery is famous for plot 301, where the martyrs of the 1956 revolution were buried. Today, an enormous modern monument by György Jovánovics marks their graves.

## History and description

The New Cemetery opened on May 1, 1886. The first funeral took place on August 6, 1886, when Victoria Závoly; the widow of a laborer was buried. The cemetery was expanded five times and now covers around more than 2 km2. To date, approximately 3 million people have been interred at the New Public Cemetery of Budapest.

## Plot 301

Imre Nagy, the Prime Minister of Hungary and 260 others executed by the Soviets in 1958, were buried in an unmarked grave in the New Public Cemetery. Nagy was disinterred and given a state funeral in 1989.

## Notable interments

## Source and references

## InfoBox

| Új köztemető | |
| --- | --- |
| Map of the Cemetery | |
|  | |
| Details | |
| Established | 1886 |
| Location | Budapest |
| Country | Hungary |
| Coordinates | 47°28′22″N 19°10′45″E / 47.47289°N 19.17922°E / 47.47289; 19.17922 |
| Type | Public |
| Size | 207 hectares (510 acres) |
| No. of interments | approximately 3 million |


title: New Violent Breed Volume 2

abstract: New Violent Breed Volume 2 is a various artists compilation album released in April 2001 by COP International.

text:
# New Violent Breed Volume 2

***New Violent Breed Volume 2*** is a various artists compilation album released in April 2001 by COP International.

## Reception

Elektronski Zvuk criticized *New Violent Breed Volume 2* for not meeting the success of the previous entry and failing to provide new material of interest for the listener. StarVox Music Zine said the collection "represents the best that terror and noise industrial has to offer" and "stays on target the whole way through -- it has a definite musical theme, and all the tracks stick to it."

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Artist | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Sidewalk Sinner" | Dirk Ivens | Dive | 3:27 |
| 2. | "Nine" | * Len Lemeire * Geert Machtelinck | Implant | 5:12 |
| 3. | "Cold Blood" (Wumpscut Remix) | Mario Melzer | Infact | 4:26 |
| 4. | "Disolucion" | Racso Agroyam | Dulce Liquido | 7:12 |
| 5. | "Humanradius" | * Bernard Perrin * Uwe Rohlfs | Reversal Penetrations | 3:59 |
| 6. | "Serious Killer" | * Phil Philter * Raoul Roucka | Noisex | 4:11 |
| 7. | "Slaughterhouse (Slut)" (Assemblage 23 Remix) | Scott Sturgis | Pain Station | 4:27 |
| 8. | "The Truth Inside of Me" | * Dennis Ostermann * Jörg Schelte * Stefan Vesper | In Strict Confidence | 5:04 |
| 9. | "Neverland" (In Strict Confidence Remix) | Jürgen Engler | Dkay.com | 5:03 |
| 10. | "Destroy" | * Maurice Jackson * Christian Petke | Deathline International | 4:21 |
| 11. | "Ascension (Cascading Lights)" | * G.W. Childs * Jay Tye | Soil & Eclipse | 4:21 |
| 12. | "Fight" (Continoum Mix By M.O.) | Emileigh Rohn | Chiasm | 4:35 |
| 13. | "Nuclear Winter" | * Kai Schmidt * Gerrit Thomas | Funker Vogt | 4:07 |
| 14. | "Destruction" (Hard Mix) | Glenn Michael Wallis | NKVD | 4:17 |
| 15. | "Strategisch Wertvoll" (Special Edit) | * Stefan Böhm * Sina Hübner * Leif Künzel | Mono No Aware | 4:25 |
| 16. | "Animal" (Exclusive Mix) | MS Gentur | MS Gentur | 5:34 |

## Personnel

Adapted from the *New Violent Breed Volume 2* liner notes.

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | 2001 | COP Intl. | CD | COP 063 |

## InfoBox

| New Violent Breed Volume 2 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Various artists | |
| Released | April 2001 (2001-04) |
| Genre | EBM |
| Length | 74:41 |
| Label | COP Intl. |
| COP International V/A chronology | |
| *Diva X Machina 3*
(2000) ***New Violent Breed Volume 2***
(2001) *Dark Awakening Vol. 1*
(2002) | |


title: Neurocalcin

abstract: Neurocalcin is a neuronal calcium-binding protein that belongs to the neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) family of proteins. It expressed in mammalian brains. It possesses a Ca2+/myristoyl switch The subclass of neurocalcins are brain-specific proteins that fit into the EF-hand superfamily of calcium binding proteins. The NCS family were defined by the photoreceptor cell-specific protein, recoverin. Neurocalcin was purified from the bovine brain by using calcium-dependent drug affinity chromatography. The amino acid sequence showed that neurocalcin has three functional calcium binding sites. It is expressed in the central nervous system, retina, and adrenal gland. With this unique pattern of expression it is thought that neurcalcin offers a different physiological role than similar proteins visinin and recoverin. Neurocalcin delta an isoform of Neurocalcin is known to regulate adult neurogenesis ( Upadhyay et al., 2019)

text:
# Neurocalcin

**Neurocalcin** is a neuronal calcium-binding protein that belongs to the neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) family of proteins. It expressed in mammalian brains. It possesses a Ca2+/myristoyl switch

The subclass of neurocalcins are brain-specific proteins that fit into the EF-hand superfamily of calcium binding proteins. The NCS family were defined by the photoreceptor cell-specific protein, recoverin. Neurocalcin was purified from the bovine brain by using calcium-dependent drug affinity chromatography. The amino acid sequence showed that neurocalcin has three functional calcium binding sites. It is expressed in the central nervous system, retina, and adrenal gland. With this unique pattern of expression it is thought that neurcalcin offers a different physiological role than similar proteins visinin and recoverin.

Neurocalcin delta an isoform of Neurocalcin is known to regulate adult neurogenesis ( Upadhyay et al., 2019)

## InfoBox

| neurocalcin delta | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | NCALD |
| NCBI gene | 83988 |
| HGNC | 7655 |
| OMIM | 606722 |
| RefSeq | NM\_001040628 |
| UniProt | P61601 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. 8 *q22-q23* |
| Search for  Structures Swiss-model  Domains InterPro | |


title: Neurocalyx

abstract: Neurocalyx is a plant genus in the coffee family Rubiaceae. Species are found in southern India and Sri Lanka.

text:
# Neurocalyx

***Neurocalyx*** is a plant genus in the coffee family Rubiaceae. Species are found in southern India and Sri Lanka.

## Species

*The Plant List* and the *World Checklist of Selected Plant Families* recognise 5 accepted species:

1. *Neurocalyx bremeri* M.B.Viswan., Manik. & Tangav.
2. *Neurocalyx calycinus* (R.Br. ex Benn.) Rob.
3. *Neurocalyx championii* Benth. ex Thwaites
4. *Neurocalyx gardneri* Thwaites
5. *Neurocalyx zeylanicus* Hook.

## InfoBox

| *Neurocalyx* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Neurocalyx calycinus* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Rubiaceae |
| Subfamily: | Rubioideae |
| Tribe: | Ophiorrhizeae |
| Genus: | *Neurocalyx*<br>Hook. |
|
| Species | |
| See text | |


title: Neuroborreliosis

abstract: Neuroborreliosis is a disorder of the central nervous system. A neurological manifestation of Lyme disease, neuroborreliosis is caused by a systemic infection of spirochetes of the genus Borrelia. Symptoms of the disease include erythema migrans and flu-like symptoms.

text:
# Neuroborreliosis

**Neuroborreliosis** is a disorder of the central nervous system. A neurological manifestation of Lyme disease, neuroborreliosis is caused by a systemic infection of spirochetes of the genus *Borrelia.* Symptoms of the disease include erythema migrans and flu-like symptoms.

## Signs and symptoms

Neuroborreliosis is often preceded by the typical symptoms of Lyme disease, which include erythema migrans and flu-like symptoms such as fever and muscle aches. Neurologic symptoms of neuroborreliosis include the meningoradiculitis (which is more common in European patients), cranial nerve abnormalities, and altered mental status. Sensory findings may also be present. Rarely, a progressive form of encephalomyelitis may occur. In children, symptoms of neuroborreliosis include headache, sleep disturbance, and symptoms associated with increased intracranial pressure, such as papilledema. Less common childhood symptoms can include meningitis, myelitis, ataxia, and chorea. Ocular Lyme disease has also been reported, as has neuroborreliosis affecting the spinal cord, but neither of these findings are common.

## Diagnosis

### Differential diagnosis

A number of diseases can produce symptoms similar to those of Lyme neuroborreliosis. They include:

Diagnosis is determined by clinical examination of visible symptoms. Neuroborreliosis can also be diagnosed serologically to confirm clinical examination via western blot, ELISA, and PCR.

## Treatment

In the US, neuroborreliosis is typically treated with intravenous antibiotics which cross the blood–brain barrier, such as penicillins, ceftriaxone, or cefotaxime. One relatively small randomized controlled trial suggested ceftriaxone was more effective than penicillin in the treatment of neuroborreliosis. Small observational studies suggest ceftriaxone is also effective in children. The recommended duration of treatment is 14 to 28 days.

Several studies from Europe have suggested oral doxycycline is as effective as intravenous ceftriaxone in treating neuroborreliosis. Doxycycline has not been widely studied as a treatment in the US, but antibiotic sensitivities of prevailing European and US isolates of *Borrelia burgdorferi* tend to be identical. However, doxycycline is generally not prescribed to children due to the risk of bone and tooth damage.

**Discredited** treatments for neuroborreliosis include:

## InfoBox

| Neuroborreliosis | |
| --- | --- |
| Other names | **Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB)** |
| Specialty | Infectious diseases |
| Symptoms | stiff neck (meningitis), facial nerve palsy, and radiculoneuritis |


abstract: New York's 118th State Assembly district is one of the 150 districts in the New York State Assembly. It has been represented by Robert Smullen since 2019.

text:
# New York's 118th State Assembly district

**New York's 118th State Assembly district** is one of the 150 districts in the New York State Assembly. It has been represented by Robert Smullen since 2019.

## Geography

### 2020s

District 118 contains a majority of Herkimer and Fulton counties, all of Hamilton County, and portions of Oneida and Montgomery counties.

### 2010s

District 118 contains a majority of Herkimer County, all of Hamilton and Fulton counties, and portions of Oneida and St. Lawrence counties.

## Recent election results

### 2024

2024 New York State Assembly election, District 118
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | *Robert Smullen* |  |  |
|  | Conservative | *Robert Smullen* |  |  |
|  | Total | Robert Smullen (incumbent) |  |  |
|  | Write-in | |  |  |
| Total votes | | |  | **100.0** |

### 2022

2022 New York State Assembly election, District 118
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | *Robert Smullen* | 34,418 |  |
|  | Conservative | *Robert Smullen* | 4,845 |  |
|  | **Total** | **Robert Smullen (incumbent)** | **39,263** | **99.6** |
|  | Write-in | | 68 | 0.4 |
| Total votes | | | **39,331** | **100.0** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

### 2020

2020 New York State Assembly election, District 118
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | *Robert Smullen* | 40,351 |  |
|  | Conservative | *Robert Smullen* | 4,591 |  |
|  | Independence | *Robert Smullen* | 2,860 |  |
|  | SAM | *Robert Smullen* | 116 |  |
|  | **Total** | **Robert Smullen (incumbent)** | **48,098** | **99.6** |
|  | Write-in | | 197 | 0.4 |
| Total votes | | | **48,295** | **100.0** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

### 2018

2018 New York State Assembly election, District 118
| Primary election | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | **Republican** | **Robert Smullen** | **4,499** | **57.8** |
|  | Republican | Patrick Vincent | 3,279 | 42.2 |
|  | Write-in | | 0 | 0.0 |
| Total votes | | | **7,778** | **100** |
|  | **Conservative** | **Robert Smullen** | **98** | **53.3** |
|  | Conservative | Patrick Vincent | 86 | 46.7 |
|  | Write-in | | 0 | 0.0 |
| Total votes | | | **184** | **100** |
| General election | | | | |
|  | Republican | *Robert Smullen* | 25,232 |  |
|  | Conservative | *Robert Smullen* | 2,580 |  |
|  | Reform | *Robert Smullen* | 277 |  |
|  | **Total** | **Robert Smullen** | **28,209** | **63.3** |
|  | Democratic | *Keith Rubino* | 15,137 |  |
|  | Working Families | *Keith Rubino* | 1,126 |  |
|  | Total | Keith Rubino | 16,263 | 36.5 |
|  | Write-in | | 118 | 0.2 |
| Total votes | | | **44,590** | **100.0** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

### 2016

2016 New York State Assembly election, District 118
| Primary election | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | **Republican** | **Marc Butler (incumbent)** | **5,595** | **66.0** |
|  | Republican | Patrick Vincent | 2,877 | 34.0 |
|  | Write-in | | 0 | 0.0 |
| Total votes | | | **8,472** | **100** |
| General election | | | | |
|  | Republican | *Marc Butler* | 35,359 |  |
|  | Conservative | *Marc Butler* | 3,891 |  |
|  | Independence | *Marc Butler* | 2,833 |  |
|  | Reform | *Marc Butler* | 482 |  |
|  | **Total** | **Marc Butler (incumbent)** | **42,565** | **99.6** |
|  | Write-in | | 152 | 0.4 |
| Total votes | | | **42,717** | **100.0** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

### 2014

2014 New York State Assembly election, District 118
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | *Marc Butler* | 23,860 |  |
|  | Conservative | *Marc Butler* | 4,296 |  |
|  | **Total** | **Marc Butler (incumbent)** | **27,976** | **99.7** |
|  | Write-in | | 80 | 0.3 |
| Total votes | | | **28,056** | **100.0** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

### 2012

2012 New York State Assembly election, District 118
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | *Marc Butler* | 22,635 |  |
|  | Conservative | *Marc Butler* | 2,648 |  |
|  | Independence | *Marc Butler* | 1,402 |  |
|  | **Total** | **Marc Butler (incumbent)** | **26,685** | **68.1** |
|  | Democratic | Joseph Chielli | 12,503 | 31.9 |
|  | Write-in | | 12 | 0.0 |
| Total votes | | | **39,200** | **100.0** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

## InfoBox

| New York's 118th
State Assembly district | |
| --- | --- |
| --- | |
| Assemblymember | Robert Smullen
Johnstown |


abstract: New York's 116th State Assembly district is one of the 150 districts in the New York State Assembly. It has been represented by Scott Gray since 2023.

text:
# New York's 116th State Assembly district

**New York's 116th State Assembly district** is one of the 150 districts in the New York State Assembly. It has been represented by Scott Gray since 2023.

## Geography

District 116 contains portions of St. Lawrence and Jefferson counties. It largely borders the St. Lawrence River, hence the district being colloquially called the "River District".

## Recent election results

### 2024

2024 New York State Assembly election, District 116
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | *Scott Gray* |  |  |
|  | Conservative | *Scott Gray* |  |  |
|  | Total | Scott Gray (incumbent) |  |  |
|  | Write-in | |  |  |
| Total votes | | |  | **100.0** |

### 2022

2022 New York State Assembly election, District 116
| Primary election | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | **Republican** | **Scott Gray** | **3,473** | **53.0** |
|  | Republican | Susan Duffy | 3,069 | 46.9 |
|  | Write-in | | 8 | 0.1 |
| Total votes | | | **6,551** | **100.0** |
| General election | | | | |
|  | **Republican** | **Scott Gray** | **25,288** | **70.3** |
|  | Conservative | Susan Duffy | 10,586 | 29.4 |
|  | Write-in | | 108 | 0.3 |
| Total votes | | | **35,982** | **100.0** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

### 2020

2020 New York State Assembly election, District 116
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | *Mark Walczyk* | 29,144 |  |
|  | Conservative | *Mark Walczyk* | 2,790 |  |
|  | Independence | *Mark Walczyk* | 1,089 |  |
|  | **Total** | **Mark Walczyk (incumbent)** | **33,023** | **62.8** |
|  | Democratic | Alex Hammond | 19,603 | 37.2 |
|  | Write-in | | 19 | 0.0 |
| Total votes | | | **52,645** | **100.0** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

### 2018

2018 New York State Assembly election, District 116
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | *Mark Walczyk* | 18,259 |  |
|  | Conservative | *Mark Walczyk* | 1,804 |  |
|  | Independence | *Mark Walczyk* | 802 |  |
|  | Reform | *Mark Walczyk* | 133 |  |
|  | **Total** | **Mark Walczyk** | **20,998** | **53.2** |
|  | Democratic | *Addie Jenne* | 17,326 |  |
|  | Working Families | *Addie Jenne* | 1,089 |  |
|  | Total | Addie Jenne (incumbent) | 18,415 | 46.7 |
|  | Write-in | | 28 | 0.1 |
| Total votes | | | **39,441** | **100.0** |
|  | Republican **gain** from Democratic | | | |

### 2016

2016 New York State Assembly election, District 116
| Primary election | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | **Republican** | **John Byrne** | **1,848** | **42.2** |
|  | Republican | William Sheridan | 1,798 | 41.1 |
|  | Republican | Russell Finley | 732 | 16.7 |
|  | Write-in | | 0 | 0.0 |
| Total votes | | | **4,378** | **100** |
| General election | | | | |
|  | Democratic | *Addie Jenne* | 22,165 |  |
|  | Working Families | *Addie Jenne* | 2,308 |  |
|  | **Total** | **Addie Jenne (incumbent)** | **24,473** | **53.2** |
|  | Republican | *John Byrne* | 18,412 |  |
|  | Conservative | *John Byrne* | 1,989 |  |
|  | Independence | *John Byrne* | 988 |  |
|  | Reform | *John Byrne* | 120 |  |
|  | Total | John Byrne | 21,509 | 46.7 |
|  | Write-in | | 52 | 0.1 |
| Total votes | | | **46,034** | **100.0** |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | |

### 2014

2014 New York State Assembly election, District 116
| Primary election | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | **Republican** | **John Byrne** | **2,475** | **66.1** |
|  | Republican | John Humphrey | 1,103 | 29.5 |
|  | Republican | Russell Finley | 151 | 4.0 |
|  | Write-in | | 13 | 0.4 |
| Total votes | | | **3,742** | **100** |
|  | **Conservative** | **Russell Finley** | **68** | **48.9** |
|  | Conservative | John Byrne | 59 | 42.5 |
|  | Conservative | John Humphrey | 10 | 7.2 |
|  | Conservative | John Finley | 1 | 0.7 |
|  | Conservative | John Bry | 1 | 0.7 |
|  | Write-in | | 0 | 0.0 |
| Total votes | | | **139** | **100** |
| General election | | | | |
|  | Democratic | *Addie Jenne* | 13,227 |  |
|  | Working Families | *Addie Jenne* | 1,440 |  |
|  | **Total** | **Addie Jenne (incumbent)** | **14,667** | **47.7** |
|  | Republican | *John Byrne* | 13,408 |  |
|  | Independence | *John Byrne* | 1,164 |  |
|  | Total | John Byrne | 14,572 | 47.3 |
|  | Conservative | Russell Finley | 1,529 | 5.0 |
|  | Write-in | | 11 | 0.0 |
| Total votes | | | **30,779** | **100.0** |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | |

### 2012

2012 New York State Assembly election, District 116
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | *Addie Jenne* | 28,018 |  |
|  | Working Families | *Addie Jenne* | 5,311 |  |
|  | **Total** | **Addie Jenne (incumbent)** | **33,329** | **99.6** |
|  | Write-in | | 138 | 0.4 |
| Total votes | | | **33,467** | **100.0** |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | |

## InfoBox

| New York's 116th
State Assembly district | |
| --- | --- |
| --- | |
| Assemblymember | Scott Gray
Watertown |


title: New World warbler

abstract: The New World warblers or wood-warblers are a group of small, often colorful, passerine birds that make up the family Parulidae and are restricted to the New World. The family contains 120 species. They are not closely related to Old World warblers or Australian warblers. Most are arboreal, but some, like the ovenbird and the two waterthrushes, are primarily terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores. This group likely originated in northern Central America, where the greatest number of species and diversity between them is found. From there, they spread north during the interglacial periods, mainly as migrants, returning to the ancestral region in winter. Two genera, Myioborus and Basileuterus, seem to have colonized South America early, perhaps before the two continents were linked, and together constitute most warbler species of that region. The scientific name for the family, Parulidae, originates from the fact that Linnaeus in 1758 named the northern parula as a tit, Parus americanus, and as taxonomy developed, the genus name was modified first to Parulus and then to Parula. The family name derives from the name for the genus.

text:
# New World warbler

The **New World warblers** or **wood-warblers** are a group of small, often colorful, passerine birds that make up the family **Parulidae** and are restricted to the New World. The family contains 120 species. They are not closely related to Old World warblers or Australian warblers. Most are arboreal, but some, like the ovenbird and the two waterthrushes, are primarily terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores.

This group likely originated in northern Central America, where the greatest number of species and diversity between them is found. From there, they spread north during the interglacial periods, mainly as migrants, returning to the ancestral region in winter. Two genera, *Myioborus* and *Basileuterus*, seem to have colonized South America early, perhaps before the two continents were linked, and together constitute most warbler species of that region.

The scientific name for the family, Parulidae, originates from the fact that Linnaeus in 1758 named the northern parula as a tit, *Parus americanus*, and as taxonomy developed, the genus name was modified first to *Parulus* and then to *Parula*. The family name derives from the name for the genus.

## Taxonomy

The family Parulidae was introduced for the New World warblers in 1947 by American ornithologist Alexander Wetmore and collaborators with *Parula* as the type genus. *Parula* is now considered as a junior synonym of *Setophaga*.

The family was formerly thought to be sister to a clade containing the yellow-breasted chat in its own family Icteriidae, the wrenthrush in its own family Zeledoniidae, the two Cuban warblers in the family Teretistridae and the 109 species in the family Icteridae. However, more recent studies recover them as sister to a clade containing just the yellow-breasted chat and the Icteridae, with the clade containing all three families being sister to a clade containing the chat-tanagers in Calyptophilidae, the wrenthrush, and the Phaenicophilidae.

A molecular phylogenetic study of the Parulidae published in 2010 found that the species formed several major clades that did not align with the traditional genera. This led to a major reorganization of the species within the family to create monotypic genera. The changes have generally followed the recommendations of the authors of the study except in a few cases where the proposed genera were split to separate basal species from their proposed conspecifics.

A large clade that included the 29 species then placed in the genus *Dendroica*, also included four species of *Parula*, one of the three species of *Wilsonia* and the monotypic genera *Catharopeza* and *Setophaga*. All members of the clade apart from the basal *Catharopeza* were placed in the expanded genus *Setophaga* Swainson, 1827, which under the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, had priority over *Dendroica* Gray, 1842, *Wilsonia* Bonaparte, 1838, and *Parula* Bonaparte, 1838.

The species that had traditionally been placed in *Basileuterus* formed two clades. One group retains the genus name as it includes the golden-crowned warbler, the type species for the genus. The other larger group, now with 18 species, is placed in the resurrected genus *Myiothlypis* Cabanis, 1850, as it contains the type species, the black-crested warbler.

The genus *Myioborus* containing the whitestarts remained unchanged after the reorganization but six genera were no longer used: *Dendroica*, *Ergaticus*, *Euthlypis*, *Parula*, *Wilsonia* and *Phaeothlypis*.

### Extant Genera

The family Parulidae now contains 120 species divided into 18 genera.

| Image | Genus | Living Species |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | ***Seiurus*** Swainson, 1827 |  |
|  | ***Helmitheros*** Rafinesque, 1819 |  |
|  | ***Parkesia*** Sangster, 2008 |  |
|  | ***Vermivora*** Swainson, 1827 |  |
|  | ***Mniotilta*** Vieillot, 1816 |  |
|  | ***Protonotaria*** Baird, 1858 |  |
|  | ***Limnothlypis*** Stone, 1914 |  |
|  | ***Oreothlypis*** Ridgway, 1884 |  |
|  | ***Leiothlypis*** Sangster, 2008 |  |
|  | ***Leucopeza*** Sclater, 1876 |  |
|  | ***Oporornis*** Baird, 1858 |  |
|  | ***Geothlypis*** Cabanis, 1847 |  |
|  | ***Catharopeza*** P.L. Sclater, 1880 |  |
|  | ***Setophaga*** Swainson, 1827 |  |
|  | ***Myiothlypis*** Cabanis, 1850 |  |
|  | ***Basileuterus*** Cabanis, 1848 |  |
|  | ***Cardellina*** Bonaparte, 1850 |  |
|  | ***Myioborus*** Baird, 1865 |  |
|

### Former species

Some species that were previously placed in the Parulidae have been moved to other families:

## Description

All the warblers are fairly small. The smallest species is Lucy's warbler (*Oreothlypis luciae*), with a weight of around 6.5 g (0.23 oz) and an average length of 10.6 cm (4.2 in). The *Parkesia* waterthrushes, the ovenbird, the russet-crowned warbler, and Semper's warbler, all of which can exceed 15 cm (5.9 in) and 21 g (0.74 oz), may be considered the largest.

The migratory species tend to lay larger clutches of eggs, typically up to six, since the hazards of their journeys mean that many individuals will have only one chance to breed. In contrast, the laying of two eggs is typical for many tropical species, since the chicks can be provided with better care, and the adults are likely to have further opportunities for reproduction.

Many migratory species, particularly those which breed further north, have distinctive male plumage at least in the breeding season, since males need to reclaim territory and advertise for mates each year. This tendency is particularly marked in the large genus *Setophaga* (formerly *Dendroica*). In contrast, resident tropical species, which pair for life, show little if any sexual dimorphism, but exceptions occur. The *Parkesia* waterthrushes and ovenbird are strongly migratory, but have identical male and female plumage, whereas the mainly tropical and sedentary yellowthroats are dimorphic. The *Granatellus* chats also show sexual dimorphism, but due to recent genetic work, have been moved into the family Cardinalidae (New World buntings and cardinals).

The name warbler is a misnomer for the New World group of warblers established before the family was split from the Old World warbler in the 1830s. *The Random House Dictionary* defines "to warble" as "to sing with trills." Most New World warblers do not warble, but rather "lisp, buzz, hiss, chip, rollick, or zip."

## Further reading

* Curson, Quinn and Beadle, 1994. *New World Warblers*. 252 p. ISBN 0-7136-3932-6
* Dunn, Jon L.; Garrett, Kimball L. (1997). *A Field Guide to Warblers of North America*. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0-395-78321-4.
* Harrison, Hal H. 1984. *Wood Warblers’ World*. New York : Simon and Schuster, 335 p., 24 p. of plates : ill. (some col.) ; 25 cm.
* Lovette, I. J. and E. Bermingham. 2002. What is a wood-warbler? Molecular characterization of a monophyletic Parulidae. The Auk. 119(3): 695–714. PDF fulltext
* Morse, Douglass H. 1989. *American Warblers : an Ecological and Behavioral Perspective*. Cambridge, Massachusetts : Harvard University Press, xii, 406 p. : ill., maps.

## InfoBox

| New World warbler | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Prothonotary warbler (*Protonotaria citrea*) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Superfamily: | Emberizoidea |
| Family: | Parulidae
Wetmore et al., 1947 |
|
| Type genus | |
| *Parula*
Bonaparte, 1838 | |
| Synonyms | |
| Mniotiltidae | |


title: Nevill Barbour

abstract: Nevill Barbour was a BBC journalist and reporter who wrote about the Arab world. He was born in Eastbourne, England. He was the son of Sir David Barbour, who worked in the British bureaucracy in India. He served as the BBC correspondent in Palestine during World War II and after that returned to England, where he was appointed head of the Arab Department at the BBC. He was the editor of "The Arab Listener" published by the BBC. During the Algerian independence movement, Barbour helped in securing the transfer of media reporters from the Tunisian border to the combat units of the interior. In particular he worked with Djelloul Khatib. In April 1945, Barbour was one of three Christians and three Jews as well as three Muslims to draw up A Constitution for Palestine. This was, according to Newcombe, a 'logical and moderate plea written in a matter of fact and convincing way' that attempted to show a non-Zionist solution to the Palestine problem composed by Christians, Jews and Muslims. The document broadly reiterated the Hyamson-Newcombe proposal, where an independent Palestinian state would be characterised by control of their own municipal authorities.

text:
# Nevill Barbour

**Nevill Barbour** (17 February 1895 – December 1972) was a BBC journalist and reporter who wrote about the Arab world.

He was born in Eastbourne, England. He was the son of Sir David Barbour, who worked in the British bureaucracy in India. He served as the BBC correspondent in Palestine during World War II and after that returned to England, where he was appointed head of the Arab Department at the BBC. He was the editor of "The Arab Listener" published by the BBC.

During the Algerian independence movement, Barbour helped in securing the transfer of media reporters from the Tunisian border to the combat units of the interior. In particular he worked with Djelloul Khatib.

In April 1945, Barbour was one of three Christians (the others being Col. Newcombe and Ralph Beaumont MP) and three Jews (Albert Montefiore Hyamson and Jewish Fellowship members Emile Marmorstein and Rabbi Dr Israel Mattuck) as well as three Muslims to draw up *A Constitution for Palestine*. This was, according to Newcombe, a 'logical and moderate plea written in a matter of fact and convincing way' that attempted to show a non-Zionist solution to the Palestine problem composed by Christians, Jews and Muslims. The document broadly reiterated the Hyamson-Newcombe proposal, where an independent Palestinian state would be characterised by control of their own municipal authorities.

## Bibliography

* Nisi dominus: A survey of the Palestine controversy, G.G. Harrap and Co. Ltd, 1946
* North West Africa: a political and economic survey, Wilfrid Knapp, Nevill Barbour, Oxford University Press, 1977
* Palestine: star or crescent?, The Odyssey press, 1947
* Memorandum on Zionism, Palestine and the Jewish problem, 1939
* Morocco, Thames and Hudson, 1965
* A plan for lasting peace in Palestine, Syrian orphanage press, 1936


title: Nevill

abstract: Nevill is an English toponymic surname derived from Neville, may refer to:

text:
# Nevill

**Nevill** is an English toponymic surname derived from Neville, may refer to:

## People

British peerage Given name * Nevill Catlin (1634-1702), English landowner and politician
* Nevill Coghill (VC) (1852-1879), Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross
* Nevill Coghill (1899-1980), English literary scholar, known for his modern English version of Geoffrey Chaucer's *Canterbury Tales*
* Nevill Drury (1947-2013), English-born Australian editor, publisher and author
* John Nevill Eliot (died 2003), English entomologist
* Philip Nevill Green (born 1953), British business executive
* Nevill Lee (1898-1978), English cricketer
* Nevill Francis Mott (1905-1996), English physicist who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1977 for his work on the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems
* Nevill Smyth (1868-1941), major-general in the British Army, recipient of the Victoria Cross
* Nevill Vintcent (1902–1942), South African aviator and airline founder
* Nevill Willmer (1902-2001), British histologist

Surname

## Places

* Nevill Bay, a waterway in Kivalliq Region, Nunavut, Canada
* Nevill Ground, a cricket venue located in Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England
* Nevill Holt, a hamlet and civil parish in the Harborough district of Leicestershire, England

## Other uses

* *The Nevill Feast*, a single-movement orchestral composition of 2003 by American composer Christopher Rouse
* Nevill Hall Hospital, a district general hospital in Abergavenny, north Monmouthshire, Wales


abstract: The New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science (GSAS) is a school within New York University (NYU) founded in 1886 by Henry Mitchell MacCracken, establishing NYU as the second academic institution in the United States to grant Ph.D. degrees on academic performance and examination. The School is housed in the Silver Center, several departments have their own buildings and houses around Washington Square. The graduate program at Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, although run independently, is formally associated with the graduate school. Along with the Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development and the New York University Institute of Fine Arts, the Graduate School participates in the Inter-University Doctoral Consortium (IUDC), which allows doctoral students to cross-register at member institutions. Participating schools are CUNY Graduate Center, Fordham University, New School for Social Research, Columbia University, Princeton University, Rutgers University, and Stony Brook University.

text:
# New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science

The **New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science** (**GSAS**) is a school within New York University (NYU) founded in 1886 by Henry Mitchell MacCracken, establishing NYU as the second academic institution in the United States to grant Ph.D. degrees on academic performance and examination. The School is housed in the Silver Center, several departments have their own buildings and houses around Washington Square. The graduate program at Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, although run independently, is formally associated with the graduate school.

Along with the Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development and the New York University Institute of Fine Arts, the Graduate School participates in the Inter-University Doctoral Consortium (IUDC), which allows doctoral students to cross-register at member institutions. Participating schools are CUNY Graduate Center, Fordham University, New School for Social Research, Columbia University, Princeton University, Rutgers University, and Stony Brook University.

## Academics

There are approximately 1,600 Ph.D. students and 3,000 master's students enrolled in the Graduate School. Students hail from more than 200 undergraduate institutions, all fifty states, and from more than 100 other countries. GSAS has one of the largest and most diverse international student populations in the United States. International students represent between 40% and 45% of the student body. GSAS offers 48 programs and many interdisciplinary and advanced degrees, including doctorates, master's, and certificates.

The following Departments and Programs are offered:

## Notable alumni

For a list of notable Alumni and Professors of the NYU Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, see List of NYU GSAS People. See also List of New York University People.

40°43′53″N 73°59′47″W / 40.73140°N 73.99649°W / 40.73140; -73.99649

## InfoBox

New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science (GSAS)
| Established | 1886 |
| --- | --- |
| Location | New York, United States of America |
| Website | gsas.nyu.edu/about-gsas/contact-us.html |


title: Newbold College of Higher Education

abstract: Newbold College of Higher Education is a member of the worldwide network of Seventh-day Adventist colleges and universities and attracts students from over 60 countries. It is a part of the Seventh-day Adventist education system, the world's second largest Christian school system. Founded in 1901 as Duncombe Hall College in London, in 1945 it moved to Binfield in Berkshire, approximately 40 miles (64 km) west of London, with the purchase of Moor Close, around which the main campus has grown. The college offers courses in Theology, Business Management and Humanities for students pursuing a combination of studies in Business Studies, English Literature, History, Media Studies, Fine Arts, Psychology and/or Religion. A range of one year programmes are available, including Gap Year, University Year in England, and a British Heritage suite of modules as part of the Adventist Colleges Abroad (ACA) programme. The college offers an English programme for speakers of other Languages (ESOL). The college is an international member of the Council of Independent Colleges and an international affiliate of the Council for Christian Colleges and Universities.

text:
# Newbold College of Higher Education

**Newbold College of Higher Education** is a member of the worldwide network of Seventh-day Adventist colleges and universities and attracts students from over 60 countries. It is a part of the Seventh-day Adventist education system, the world's second largest Christian school system.

Founded in 1901 as **Duncombe Hall College** in London, in 1945 it moved to Binfield in Berkshire, approximately 40 miles (64 km) west of London, with the purchase of **Moor Close**, around which the main campus has grown. The college offers courses in Theology, Business Management and Humanities for students pursuing a combination of studies in Business Studies, English Literature, History, Media Studies, Fine Arts, Psychology and/or Religion. A range of one year programmes are available, including Gap Year, University Year in England, and a British Heritage suite of modules as part of the Adventist Colleges Abroad (ACA) programme. The college offers an English programme for speakers of other Languages (ESOL).

The college is an international member of the Council of Independent Colleges and an international affiliate of the Council for Christian Colleges and Universities.

## History

Newbold College of Higher Education opened in 1901 as Duncombe Hall College in Holloway, North London to train church workers and ministers. It has undergone a number of name changes. The Newbold name was taken from its Newbold Revel location to the east of Rugby, Warwickshire, during World War II. Another wartime Warwickshire location was Packwood Haugh, between Solihull and Stratford-Upon-Avon, Warwickshire. In 1945 the college purchased Moor Close, which expanded to the present-day campus. One factor for this choice was its proximity to Oxford and London. The existing campus is located near Heathrow Airport.

### Moor Close

Moor Close is a Grade II listed redbrick Jacobethan house built in 1881. It was extended and altered c. 1914, with a complete Jacobethan interior, by architect and garden designer Oliver Hill for financier Charles Birch Crisp, to complement the terraces and gardens which Hill created over 1910–13. These are listed Grade II\* in the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. Extending to the south and east of the house, the grounds contain a number of terraces on different levels, many linked by circular steps. There are courts, pergolas, staircases, balustrades and lily pools. Hill also built a stone bridge over a ravine, leading to Sylvia's Garden, named after Crisp's daughter. Moor Close was Hill's first major project, and was influenced by the work of garden designer Gertrude Jekyll.

## Campus

Campus facilities include Salisbury Hall, Murdoch Hall, Roy Graham Library and Egremont which are the main academic and administration buildings. Moor Close, Keough House and Schuil House are student residence halls, and family housing is located north of the campus at Ashgrove, Beechwood and Ceder Close. Sports facilities include a gym equipped for basketball, volleyball, floorball, football, badminton and a football pitch. Newbold Church Centre and Newbold School are located on the south side of campus adjacent to Moor Close Gardens.

The college hosts a local research centre of the Ellen G. White Estate in the Library. It collects and makes available material relating to the life and work of Ellen White and the theology, history and development of the Seventh-day Adventist Church as a worldwide, international organisation. It opened in 1974.

## Academics

Newbold College of Higher Education is accredited through Friedensau Adventist University in Germany, the oldest Seventh-day Adventist university in Europe, and also through Andrews University, Southern Adventist University and Washington Adventist University. Newbold is part of the worldwide network of Seventh-day Adventist colleges and universities.

Undergraduate degrees are offered in Business Studies and Theology/Divinity. Students may also choose to do a Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science degree offered by Andrews University and Washington Adventist University. Students without the necessary entrance requirements may take foundation courses at the nearby Bracknell and Wokingham College.

Certificates, Postgraduate certificates and master's degrees are offered in Theology, Ministry and Church History.

The college offers a summer English programme for speakers of other languages as well as short courses throughout the academic year for EFL students.

51°25′29″N 0°47′10″W / 51.4248°N 0.7860°W / 51.4248; -0.7860

## InfoBox

Newbold College of Higher Education
| Former names | Duncombe Hall College |
| --- | --- |
| Motto | Life Changing - Faith Affirming |
| Motto in English | Life Changing - Faith Affirming |
| Type | Private |
| Established | 1901 |
| Affiliation | Seventh-day Adventist |
| Principal | Dr Steve Currow |
| Academic staff | 23 |
| Administrative staff | 30 |
| Students | 300 |
| Location | Binfield, Berkshire, England |
| Campus | Rural |
| Newspaper | *The Newboldian* |
| Website | www.newbold.ac.uk |


abstract: Newton Township is located in Whiteside County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 450 and it contained 178 housing units.

text:
# Newton Township, Whiteside County, Illinois

**Newton Township** is located in Whiteside County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 450 and it contained 178 housing units.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 35.94 square miles (93.1 km2), of which 35.92 square miles (93.0 km2) (or 99.94%) is land and 0.01 square miles (0.026 km2) (or 0.03%) is water.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2016 (est.) | 436 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

1. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.
2. "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County -- County Subdivision and Place -- 2010 Census Summary File 1". United States Census. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved May 28, 2013.
3. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.

41°42′56″N 90°09′00″W / 41.71556°N 90.15000°W / 41.71556; -90.15000

## InfoBox

| Newton Township | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Location in Whiteside County | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Illinois |
| County | Whiteside |
| Area | |
| Total | 35.94 sq mi (93.1 km2) |
| Land | 35.92 sq mi (93.0 km2) |
| Water | 0.01 sq mi (0.03 km2)  0.03% |
| Population (2010) | |
| Estimate (2016) | 436 |
| Density | 12.5/sq mi (4.8/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| FIPS code | 17-195-52857 |


title: Newbury Town House

abstract: The Newbury Town House is a historic government building on Scotch Hollow Road in Newbury, Vermont. Built in 1839, it is a well-preserved and little-altered example of an early Greek Revival town hall. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. While no longer used for town meetings, it is still owned by the town and used for other civic purposes, included elections.

text:
# Newbury Town House

The **Newbury Town House** is a historic government building on Scotch Hollow Road in Newbury, Vermont. Built in 1839, it is a well-preserved and little-altered example of an early Greek Revival town hall. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. While no longer used for town meetings, it is still owned by the town and used for other civic purposes, included elections.

## Description and history

The Newbury Town House is located near the geographic center of Newbury, in a rural setting on the east side of Scotch Hollow Road, roughly midway between its junctions with Fish Pond Road and Halls Lake Road. It is set back from the road, between two cemetery parcels. It is a fairly plain single-story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof, clapboarded exterior, and stone foundation. The principal adornment on the exterior is its entrance surround, which consists of pilasters rising to bullseye blocks and a header with a protruding central pyramidal section flanked by paneled blocks. The pilasters are decorated with early Greek Revival fretwork. The interior of the hall retains original pew-like benches, and rustic horizontal board wainscoting.

The hall was built in 1839, as a centralized place to hold town meetings, which had previously been held in individual homes or barns. The land was donated by Charles George, who also gave some of the lumber for its framing. Its entry surround is based on patterns published by Asher Benjamin. The building has seen relatively little alteration, having mainly had only basic maintenance and minor repairs. It is no longer used for town meetings, but is used as a polling place and for other types of meetings.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Newbury Town House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Scotch Hollow Rd., Newbury, Vermont |
| Coordinates | 44°6′22″N 72°7′34″W / 44.10611°N 72.12611°W / 44.10611; -72.12611 |
| Area | 0.7 acres (0.28 ha) |
| Built | 1839 (1839) |
| Architectural style | Greek Revival, Federal |
| NRHP reference No. | 83003213 |
| Added to NRHP | July 28, 1983 |


title: Newbury Town Hall

abstract: Newbury Town Hall is a municipal building in the Market Place in Newbury, Berkshire, England. The building, which is the meeting place of Newbury Town Council, is a Grade II listed building.

text:
# Newbury Town Hall

**Newbury Town Hall** is a municipal building in the Market Place in Newbury, Berkshire, England. The building, which is the meeting place of Newbury Town Council, is a Grade II listed building.

## History

The site for the first town hall in Newbury had been occupied by several properties belonging to a Mr Thomas Stockwell. Originally referred to as the "town house", it was designed by John Wood of Bath and constructed in the Market Place by a local building firm, Clarkes, and completed in 1742. The building was arcaded on the ground floor so markets could be held and there was a room known as the "great hall" on the first floor. Subsequent acquisitions for use in the great hall included two chandeliers, financed by a donation, in 1770 and two paintings by the Italian artist, Cosino Fioravante, in 1776.

In 1825, the UK Parliament passed the Newbury and Speenhamland Improvement Act, which, among other matters, contemplated a new town hall to replace "the ancient building then standing in the Market Place". The foundation stone for the new "municipal buildings" was laid by the mayor, William George Adey, on 30 August 1876. The structure was designed by James H. Money in the Gothic style and officially opened by the Earl of Carnarvon on 7 May 1878. The new municipal buildings were enhanced by the erection of a clock tower, which was financed by a public subscription campaign organised by the mayor, James Benjamin Stone, and completed in 1881. The Cambridge-chiming clock was designed and manufactured by Potts of Leeds.

The design involved an asymmetrical main frontage with five bays facing onto the Market Square; the central section of three bays, which were gabled, featured two-light arched windows on the first floor. The left hand bay featured a tower and the right hand bay featured a doorway on the ground floor with a balcony and a tall four-stage clock tower above. Internally, the principal room was the council chamber at the front of the building on the first floor.

The original town house was demolished in 1908 to make way for an extension to the rear, in a similar style to the municipal buildings, which was completed in 1910. During the First World War the town hall acted a recruiting base for potential soldiers for Kitchener's Army. It continued to serve as the headquarters of the municipal borough of Newbury for much of the 20th century and remained the local seat of government when the enlarged Newbury District Council was formed in 1974. However, it ceased to be the local civic meeting place when the district council moved to the Council Offices in Market street in 1980.

A plaque was installed on the town hall to commemorate the visit by Queen Elizabeth II, to celebrate the 400th anniversary of the granting of a Royal Charter, on 25 October 1996. The building then became the home of Newbury Town Council when it was formed in 1997.

Works of art in the town hall included portraits by Allan Ramsay of King George III and of Queen Charlotte.

## InfoBox

| Newbury Town Hall | |
| --- | --- |
| Newbury Town Hall | |
| Location | Newbury, Berkshire |
| Coordinates | 51°24′04″N 1°19′26″W / 51.4012°N 1.3239°W / 51.4012; -1.3239 |
| Built | 1881 |
| Architect | James H. Money |
| Architectural style(s) | Gothic style |
|  | |
| Listed Building – Grade II | |
| Official name | Town Hall and Municipal Buildings |
| Designated | 14 May 1982 |
| Reference no. | 1210586 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Shown in Berkshire | |


title: Margaret Lennan

abstract: Margaret Lennan was a Scottish snooker and billiards player. She was runner-up in the 1936 Women's Professional Billiards Championship.

text:
# Margaret Lennan

**Margaret Lennan** was a Scottish snooker and billiards player. She was runner-up in the 1936 Women's Professional Billiards Championship.

## Biography

Lennan started playing billiards at the age of 17, and received coaching from Alec Donaldson, father of future world snooker champion Walter Donaldson. She won a Ladies Billiards Championship in 1922.

in 1928 she won an unofficial "British Isles Championship" by beating Joyce Gardner, and the following year became the first woman to qualify as a billiards coach.

The Women's Billiards Association was formed in 1931, and Lennan was one of four professional players appointed to a committee to organise the professional championships, the others being Joyce Gardner, Ruth Harrison and Eva Collins.

She played in both Women's Professional Billiards Championship and the Women's Professional Snooker Championship in the 1930s, reaching the final of the Women's Professional Billiards Championship in 1936 and losing 2872–3000 to Joyce Gardner.

Collins was awarded a certificate from the Billiards Association and Control Council for the record break by a woman of 176, made on 3 February 1931 and another for her championship record break on 153 in the 1935 Women's Professional Billiards Championship This record was superseded by Ruth Harrison's break of 197 in 1937.

Lennan had moved from Glasgow to Hillesden, Prestbury, at the beginning of World War II, and given up billiards in 1942 due to the pressure of her war work. She said in 1946 that she had taken to playing golf instead of billiards.

## Titles and achievements

**Snooker**

| Outcome | No. | Year | Championship | Opponent | Score | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Semi-finalist | 1 | 1937 | Women's Professional Snooker Championship | Joyce Gardner | 4-5 |  |
| Semi-finalist | 2 | 1938 | Women's Professional Snooker Championship | Ruth Harrison | 3-6 |  |

**Billiards**

| Outcome | No. | Year | Championship | Opponent | Score | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Runner-up | 1 | Nov 1935 | Women's Professional Billiards Championship | Joyce Gardner | 2,872–3,000 |  |

1. "Kiss Cannons Not Kisses". *Derby Daily Telegraph*. 8 February 1930. p. 1  via The British Newspaper Archive. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
2. "Warned Against Billiards Career". *Coatbridge Express*. 29 October 1947. p. 4  via The British Newspaper Archive. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
3. "Girl Billiards Player". *Hull Daily Mail*. 6 September 1930. p. 4  via The British Newspaper Archive. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
4. "Another Rampart Going! )". *Liverpool Echo*. 14 December 1929. p. 10  via The British Newspaper Archive. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
5. "Women's Billiards. Association Formed to Control the Championships". *Lancashire Evening Post*. 1 October 1931. p. 10  via The British Newspaper Archive. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
6. "(Untitled Article)". *Uxbridge & West Drayton Gazette*. 18 September 1931. p. 18  via The British Newspaper Archive. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
7. "Miss Gardner Wins Women's Championship". *The Times*. No. 47218. 11 November 1935. p. 6  via The Times Digital Archive. Retrieved 19 August 2019.
8. "Billiards Association and Control Council's Tenth Annual Report". *Billiards and Snooker*. No. October 1931). p. 3.
9. "All Satisfied". *Gloucestershire Echo*. 22 November 1935. p. 8  via The British Newspaper Archive. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
10. "Woman's Gossip". *Cheltenham Chronicle*. 10 August 1946. p. 6  via The British Newspaper Archive. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
11. Carpenter, Thelma. "Women's Professional Snooker Championship". *Billiards and Snooker*. No. June 1937). p. 4.
12. "Women's Snooker". *Gloucester Citizen*. 20 May 1938. p. 12  via The British Newspaper Archive. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
13. "World Billiards » Blog Archive » World Ladies Billiards Champions". *www.world-billiards.com*. Archived from the original on 19 January 2018. Retrieved 22 March 2018.

## InfoBox

Margaret Lennan
| Margaret Lennan playing English Billiards at a charity tournament in Liverpool in 1927 | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | circa 1910 |
| Died | Unknown |
| Sport country | Scotland |


title: Music Idol

abstract: Music Idol was the Bulgarian version of the British television hit show Pop Idol. It was a talent contest to determine the superior pop performer. Its first season was aired on bTV from February 26 until June 7, 2007. During its third season, the show went international and auditions took place in neighboring Macedonia. Other major changes in the third season: minimum age for participants 13, more talk show than music, great accent on the hosts, hidden vote results, which makes it impossible to validate the result of each elimination.

text:
# Music Idol

***Music Idol*** (Мюзик айдъл) was the Bulgarian version of the British television hit show *Pop Idol*. It was a talent contest to determine the superior pop performer. Its first season was aired on bTV from February 26 until June 7, 2007. During its third season, the show went international and auditions took place in neighboring Macedonia. Other major changes in the third season: minimum age for participants 13 (not 16), more talk show than music, great accent on the hosts, hidden vote results, which makes it impossible to validate the result of each elimination.

## Rules

### Season 1

#### Qualifications

Auditioners must be between the ages of 13 and 28. They must be Bulgarian citizens.

#### Auditions

Castings are held in the five biggest cities in Bulgaria \- Rousse, Varna, Bourgas, Plovdiv and Sofia. After a pre-selection the contenders audition in front of the panel of judges seen on TV who will decide if they are going to make it to the next round.

#### Theatre Round

In three days the judges chose among the top 100, from all cities, the semifinalists who would perform live during the show and face the public's vote.

#### Semifinals

From now on it is up to the Bulgarian public to vote their favorite contestants into the final 12.

#### Finals

Each week the final 12 contestants perform, in front of a live audience, songs from a given theme. Once again the public votes for its favorite with the fewest votes getter being eliminated after one show until only one contestant remains: The winner of *Music Idol*.

### Season 2

#### Qualifications

There is no age limit for the auditioners. They must be Bulgarian citizens.

#### Auditions

Castings are held in the five biggest cities in Bulgaria \- Rousse, Varna, Bourgas, Plovdiv and Sofia. Philipp Kirkorov joined auditions and the show only once as a judge - only in Varna. He temporarily replaced Lucy Diakovska at that stage. After a pre-selection the contenders audition in front of the panel of judges, seen on TV, who will decide if they are going to make it to the next round.

#### Theatre Round

The competitors are split in groups and they sing solo (like in the previous round). After that the jury decides who will continue. After that the remaining contestants sing in quartets and the jury picks the best of them. Then they sing solo and the jury picks 18 people for the semi-finals.

#### Semifinals

The competitors are split in two groups − male and female. After their first concert the public votes for them and two boys and two girls are eliminated. After that they have another concert and two boys and two girls are again eliminated. After that the eliminated eight contestants sing again and three of them are let back in the show.

#### Finals

Each week the final 13 contestants perform in front of a live audience songs from a given theme. Once again the public votes for its favorite, the two people with the fewest votes sing and the public votes again. The contestant with the fewest votes is eliminated. This goes on until only one contestant remains: The winner of *Music Idol*.

## Season 1

### Judges

### Auditions

There was one exception to the age-rule − Kremena from Dobrich was allowed to participate, despite her age of 15. She eventually became a finalist later on.

### Semifinals

For one week (March 12 to March 19) the top 40 performed each night in five groups including eight singers with the two top vote getters advancing to the finals. On Friday night the judges announced eight singers who received another chance to perform with the top vote getter and the final pick of the judges joining the other finalists to the top 12.

#### Group 1 − March 12, 2007

* **Tihomir Dimitrov (17.9%)**
* Preslava Peycheva (9.3%)
* Emiliya Valenti (11.0%)
* Syuleyman Evadpal
* Nikolay Manolov (17.4%)
* **Krasimira Ivanova (26.3%)**
* Preslava Mravkova
* Ina Petrova

#### Group 2 − March 13, 2007

* Daniela Nikolova (6.4%)
* Vasil Modev (11.8%)
* Ivaylo Donkov (7.4%)
* **Stefan Lalchev (30.0%)**
* Maya Georgieva
* Mariya Dimitrova
* **Valentina Dimitrova (26.5%)**
* Rosen Kukosharov

#### Group 3 − March 14, 2007

* Gita Petkova (8.4%)
* Yanitsa Dafinova
* Iskren Ribchev (15.6%)
* **Plamen Patov (31.3%)**
* Veselina Nikolova
* Gergana Koyeva (10.6%)
* **Rumen Nehrizov (18.0%)**
* Aneliya Bakalova

#### Group 4 − March 15, 2007

* Lazar Valchev (8.9%)
* Silvia Moneva (12.1%)
* Vasil Chergov
* Plamena Petrova
* Georgi Georgiev
* Denislav Novev (9.6%)
* **Iliana Kovacheva (15.6%)**
* **Nevena Tsoneva (35.5%)
**

#### Group 5 − March 16, 2007

* Dimitar Atanasov
* Teodor Koychinov (7.8%)
* Maria Bachvarova (8.0%)
* Vasko Ivanov (9.7%)
* **Kremena Dimitrova (30.8%)**
* Vasil Stoyanov
* **Denitsa Hadzhiivanova** (24.4%)
* Kristina Kokorska

#### Wildcards − March 19, 2007

* Vasko Ivanov
* Kristina Kokorska
* Lazar Valchev
* **Teodor Koichinov (Judges' Choice)**
* Dimitar Atanasov
* Nikolay Manolov
* **Preslava Peycheva (Viewers' Choice)**
* Silvia Moneva

### Finals elimination chart

| *Stage:* | | **Semi-Finals** | | | | | | **Finals** | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Week:* | | 3/12 | 3/13 | 3/14 | 3/15 | 3/16 | 3/19 | 3/26 | 4/2 | 4/9 | 4/16 | 4/23 | 4/30 | 5/7 | 5/14 | 5/21 | 5/28 | 6/4 |
| Place | Contestant | Result | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **1** | Nevena Tsoneva |  | | | 1st |  | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Btm3 |  |  | **Winner** |
| **2** | Teodor Koychinov |  | | | | **Elim** | WC |  |  |  |  | Btm3 |  |  | Btm2 | Btm2 |  | **Runner-Up** |
| **3** | Preslava Peycheva | **Elim** |  | | | | WC |  |  |  | Btm2 |  |  | Btm3 |  |  | **Elim** |  |
| **4** | Stefan Lalchev |  | 1st |  | | | |  |  |  |  |  | Btm2 |  |  | **Elim** |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **5** | Kremena Dimitrova |  | | | | 1st |  |  |  |  |  | Btm2 | Btm3 | Btm2 | **Elim** |  | | | |
| **6** | Plamen Patov |  | | 1st |  | | |  |  |  | Btm3 |  |  | **Elim** |  | | | | |
| **7** | Iliyana Kovacheva |  | | | 2nd |  | | Btm2 |  |  |  |  | **Elim** |  | | | | | |
| **8** | Krasimira Ivanova | 1st |  | | | | |  | Btm3 | Btm2 |  | **Elim** |  | | | | | | |
| **9** | Rumen Nehrizov |  | | 2nd |  | | |  | Btm2 | Btm3 | **Elim** |  | | | | | | | |
| **10** | Valentina Dimitrova |  | 2nd |  | | | |  |  | **Elim** |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **11** | Tihomir Dimitrov | 2nd |  | | | | | Btm3 | **Elim** |  | | | | | | | | |
| **12** | Denitsa Hadzhiivanova |  | | | | 2nd |  | **Elim** |  | | | | | | | | | |

## Season 2

### Judges

* Lucy Diakovska \- No Angels member
* Vili Kazasyan (chairman) - Bulgarian conductor
* Esil Duran - pop-folk and jazzsinger
* Dimitar Kovachev - "Funky" - Bulgarian rocker and producer, owner of Sofia Music Enterprises

### Auditions

### Semifinals

This year saw a change in the semifinal format: After the judges picked their top 18 contestants (9 males, 9 females) the contestants were split in one girls/guys group and had to perform in the week of March 10 − March 15 with constant reduction of the number of singers in both groups to six: after the first performance show the two fewest votes getters got eliminated, leaving the top 7 of girls/guys perform again of which the top 5 vote-getters from each group will advance to the finals. Later on the judges eventually decided to make a top 13 out of the supposed 12, giving three contestants a wildcard for the finals.
Two out of the top 18, Denislav Novev and Plamena Petrova, had already competed in a former year's top 50 but failed to qualify for the finals.

#### Girls Top 9 − March 10, 2008

* Plamena Petrova - "Think Twice"
* **Gergana Dimova - "Black Velvet" (eliminated)**
* Maria Ilieva - "(You make me feel like) A Natural Woman"
* Chanel Erkin - "Je T'aime"
* **Elena Ivanova - "Man! I Feel Like A Woman" (eliminated)**
* Ana Topalova - "Visoko" (bottom three)
* Sonia Membrenho - "Iskam te"
* Nora Karaivanova - "The Voice Within"
* Denitsa Georgieva - "Respect"

#### Guys Top 9 − March 11, 2008

* Ivan Angelov - "Change The World"
* Ivaylo Donev - "Georgia On My Mind"
* **Yasen Zerdev - "New Flame" (eliminated)**
* Denislav Novev - "You Rise Me Up"
* Toma Zdravkov - "Summer In The City"
* Damyan Popov - "Pochti zabravena ljubov"
* **Viktor Georgiev - "Stars" (eliminated)**
* Lazar Kisyov - "Sbogom , moya ljubov" (bottom three)
* Stoyan Tsonev - "Incomplete"

#### Girls Top 7 − March 13, 2008

* **Maria Ilieva - "Adagio" (eliminated)**
* Denitsa Georgieva - "Proud Mary"
* Chanel Erkin - "Bleeding Love" (bottom three)
* **Sonia Membrenho - "Listen" (eliminated)**
* Ana Topalova - "Every Breath you take"
* Plamena Petrova - "Ustrem"
* Nora Karaivanova - "Ain't no Sunshine"

#### Guys Top 7 − March 15, 2008

* Toma Zdravkov - "Walking By Myself"
* **Damyan Popov - "Svetat e za dvama" (eliminated)**
* Denislav Novev - "Let Me Entertain You"
* Stoyan Tsonev - "Sineva"
* **Lazar Kisyov - "I Surrender" (eliminated)**
* Ivaylo Donev - "Great Balls Of Fire"
* Ivan Angelov - "Se bastasse una canzone"

#### Wildcards − March 18, 2008

Chosen by the judges to advance to the finals:

* Yasen Zerdev
* Maria Ilieva
* Elena Ivanova

**NOTE:** The bottom group contestants face off in a sudden death elimination round where the voting lines are re-opened and the public have one more chance to save their favorite from elimination. Stoyan Tsonev, Ana Topalova and Chanel Erkin fell victim to this unique rule despite not receiving the fewest votes on the performance night.

### Finals elimination chart

| *Stage:* | | **Semi-Finals** | **Finals** | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Week:* | | 3/10-15 | 3/26 | 4/2 | 4/9 | 4/16 | 4/23 | 4/30 | 5/7 | 5/14 | 5/21 | 5/28 | 6/2 |
| Place | Contestant | Result | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **1** | Toma Zdravkov | Finalist |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | **Winner** |
| **2** | Nora Karaivanova | Finalist |  | Btm 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Btm 2 | Btm 3 | **Runner-Up** |
| **3** | Yasen Zerdev | Wildcard |  |  |  |  |  | Btm 2 |  | Btm 2 |  | Btm 2 | **Elim** |
| **4** | Denitsa Georgieva | Finalist |  |  |  |  |  | Btm 3 |  | Btm 3 | Btm 3 |  | **Elim** |
| **5** | Plamena Petrova | Finalist |  | **Elim** |  | | | | | WC |  | **Elim** |  | | | |
| **6** | Chanel Erkin | Finalist |  |  |  |  |  |  | Btm 3 |  | **Elim** |  | | | | |
| **7** | Ana Topalova | Finalist |  |  |  |  |  |  | Btm 2 | **Elim** |  | | | | | |
| **8** | Denislav Novev | Finalist |  |  | Btm 2 |  |  |  | **Elim** |  | | | | | | |
| **9** | Ivaylo Donev | Finalist |  |  |  |  | Btm 2 | **Elim** |  | | | | | | | |
| **10** | Maria Ilieva | Wildcard |  |  |  | Btm 2 | **Elim** |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **11** | Stoyan Tsonev | Finalist | Btm 2 |  | Btm 2 | **Elim** |  | | | | | | | | |
| **12** | Ivan Angelov | Finalist |  |  | **Elim** |  | | | | | | | | | |
| **13** | Elena Ivanova | Wildcard | **Elim** |  | | | | | | | | | |

## Season 3

### Judges

* Doni − Bulgarian pop singer
* Maria − pop-folk singer
* Dimitar Kovachev − "Funky" − Bulgarian rocker and producer

Unlike the previous seasons, there is no chairman of the jury in honor to the late chairman Vili Kazasyan, who died shortly after the 2008 season. Nevertheless, there is a guest star in the jury in every city, where auditions take place. He/She does not have a right to vote, but can advise jury members in reaching the right decision. The guest stars for the 2009 season are:

* Sonia Vassi − Bulgarian singer and model (Varna)
* Toni Dimitrova − Bulgarian pop singer (Burgas)
* Blagovest Argirov - Bulgarian pop singer (Plovdiv)
* Grigor Koprov − famous Macedonian songwriter (Skopje)
* Katya − Bulgarian pop singer, part of the famous duo "Riton" (Sofia)

### Auditions

### Finalists

* Rusina Katardzieva - Eliminated
* Sonia Membreno - Eliminated
* Preslava Mravkova - Eliminated
* Aleksandar Tarabunov - Eliminated
* Boyan Stoykov - Runner-Up
* Eli Radanova - Eliminated
* Simona Stateva - Eliminated
* Viktoria Dimitrova - Withdrew
* Darko Ilievski - Eliminated
* Dimitar Atanasov - Eliminated
* Aleksandra Zhekova - Eliminated
* Magdalena Janavarova - **Winner**
* Plamen Petkov \- Eliminated

### Finals elimination chart

| *Stage:* | | **Semi-Finals** | **Finals** | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Week:* | | 3/22-27 | 4/1 | 4/8 | 4/15 | 4/22 | 4/29 | 5/6 | 5/13 | 5/20 | 5/27 | 6/8 |
| Place | Contestant | Result | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **1** | Magdalena Janavarova | **WILDCARD** |  |  | Btm 5 | Btm 3 |  |  |  | Btm 4 | Btm 5 | **Winner** |
| **2** | Boyan Stoykov | **PUBLIC** |  |  |  |  | Btm 5 |  |  |  | Btm 2 | **Runner-Up** |
| **3** | Preslava Mravkova | **PUBLIC** | Btm 2 | Btm 2 |  |  | Btm 2 | Btm 2 | Btm 3 | Btm 3 | Btm 4 | **Elim** |
| **4** | Rusina Katardzieva | **PUBLIC** | Btm 4 | Btm 3 |  | Btm 2 |  | Btm 4 | Btm 2 | Btm 2 | Btm 3 | **Elim** |
| **5** | Aleksandar Tarabunov | **PUBLIC** |  |  |  |  |  | Btm 5 | Btm 5 | Btm 5 | **Elim** |  | |
| **6** | Dimitar Atanasov | **PUBLIC** | Btm 5 |  |  |  | Btm 3 |  | Btm 4 | **Elim** |  | | |
| **7** | Aleksandra Zhekova | **WILDCARD** |  |  | Btm 3 |  |  | Btm 3 | **Elim** |  | | | |
| **8** | Simona Stateva | **PUBLIC** |  |  |  | Btm 4 | Btm 2 | **Elim** |  | | | | |
| **9** | Viktoria Dimitrova | **PUBLIC** |  | Btm 4 | Btm 2 | Btm 5 | **Withdrew** |  | | | | | |
| **10** | Eli Radanova | **PUBLIC** |  | Btm 5 | Btm 4 | **Elim** |  | | | | | | |
| **11** | Sonia Membrenho | **PUBLIC** | Btm 4 |  | **Elim** |  | | | | | | | |
| **12** | Darko Ilievski | **PUBLIC** |  | **Elim** |  | | | | | | | | |
| **13** | Plamen Petkov | **WILDCARD** | **Elim** |  | | | | | | | | | |

**Legend**
| Female | Male | Safe | Safe first | Safe second | Contestant in Btm 3 | Contestant in Btm 2 | Eliminated | Withdrew | Winner |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

* Viktoria Dimitrova withdrew from the show on the rock concert, thus saving Simona Stateva and Preslava Mravkova from elimination.

## Music Idol Facts

* Winners: 2 females and 1 male
* Oldest Students: Stoyan Tsonev - 29 years old
* Youngest Students: Simona Stateva - 13 years old
* Shortest Stay: Denitsa Hadzhiivanova, Elena Ivanova, Plamen Petkov
* Most Saving Students: Toma Zdravkov

## InfoBox

| *Music Idol* | |
| --- | --- |
| Music Idol (Bulgarian Pop Idol) balloon over Rousse, Bulgaria | |
| Created by | Simon Fuller |
| Starring | **Judges (season 1):** Yordanka Hristova, Slavi Trifonov, Gloria, Doni
**Judges (season 2):** Vili Kazasyan, Dimitar Kovachev - Funky, Esil Duran, Lucy Diakovska, Philipp Kirkorov*
**Judges (season 3):** Doni, Dimitar Kovachev - Funky, Maria
**Hosts:** Sanja Nikolic, Ivan Hristov & Andrey Arnaudov |
| Country of origin | Bulgaria |
| Original language | Bulgarian |
| Original release | |
| Network | bTV |
| Release | February 26, 2007 (2007-02-26)
June 8, 2009 (2009-06-08) |


title: Neoregelia gigas

abstract: Neoregelia gigas is a species of flowering plant in the ggenus Neoregelia. This species is endemic to Brazil.

text:
# Neoregelia gigas

***Neoregelia gigas*** is a species of flowering plant in the ggenus *Neoregelia*. This species is endemic to Brazil.

* Martinelli, Gustavo; Vieira, Cláudia Magalhães; Gonzalez, Marcos; Leitman, Paula; Piratininga, Andréa; Costa, Andrea Ferreira da; Forzza, Rafaela Campostrini (January 2008). "Bromeliaceae da Mata Atlântica Brasileira: lista de espécies, distribuição e conservação" \[Bromeliaceae of the brazilian Atlantic Forest: checklist, distribution and conservation\]. *Rodriguésia* (in Brazilian Portuguese). **59** (1): 209–258. doi:10.1590/2175-7860200859114. JSTOR 23499386.

## InfoBox

| *Neoregelia gigas* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Bromeliaceae |
| Genus: | *Neoregelia* |
| Subgenus: | *Neoregelia subg. Longipetalopsis* |
| Species: | ***N. gigas*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Neoregelia gigas***<br>Leme & L.Kollmann | |
|


title: List of Grateful Dead members

text:
# List of Grateful Dead members

The following is a list of all the members of the Grateful Dead. The list does not include members of the various reunion projects.

## Members

### Official members

Active: 1965–1995 Instruments: Lead and Rhythm guitar, lead and backing vocals Other projects: Jerry Garcia Band, Jerry Garcia Acoustic Band, Legion of Mary, Reconstruction, Old & In the Way, New Riders of the Purple Sage Active: 1965–1995 Instruments: Rhythm and Lead guitar, lead and backing vocals Other projects: RatDog, Kingfish, Bobby and the Midnites, The Other Ones, The Dead, Furthur, Dead & Company Active: 1965–1995 Instruments: Bass guitar, backing and lead vocals Other projects: Phil Lesh and Friends, The Other Ones, The Dead, Furthur Active: 1965–1995 Instruments: Drums, percussion Other projects: SerialPod, Rhythm Devils, The Other Ones, The Dead, BK3, 7 Walkers, Billy & the Kids, Dead & Company Active: 1965 – June 17, 1972 (sick leave September–November 1971) Instruments: Keyboards, harmonica, percussion, lead and backing vocals Active: 1967–1971; 1974–1995 Instruments: Drums, percussion Other projects: Rhythm Devils, The Other Ones, The Dead, Mickey Hart Band, Dead & Company Active: November 23, 1968 – January 30, 1970 Instruments: Keyboards Active: September 1971 – February 17, 1979 Instruments: Keyboards, backing vocals Other projects: Jerry Garcia Band, Heart of Gold Band Active: December 31, 1971 – February 17, 1979 (maternity leave November–December 1973) Instruments: Backing and lead vocals Other projects: Jerry Garcia Band, Heart of Gold Band, Donna Jean Godchaux Band, Dark Star Orchestra Active: April 22, 1979 – July 23, 1990 Instruments: Keyboards, backing and lead vocals Other projects: Bobby and the Midnites, Go Ahead Active: September 7, 1990 – 1995 Instruments: Keyboards, backing and lead vocals Other projects: The Tubes, Missing Man Formation

### Touring members

Active: June – October 1974 Instruments: keyboards, electronics Other projects: Seastones Active: September 1990 – March 1992 Instruments: keyboards, vocals Other projects: Bruce Hornsby and the Range, Bruce Hornsby and the Noisemakers, The Other Ones, Ricky Skaggs & Bruce Hornsby, The Bruce Hornsby Trio

## Band lineups

Over a span of 30 years the Grateful Dead had various combinations of members, as shown in the table.

Grateful Dead lineups
| Timespan | Members, instruments |
| --- | --- |
| June 1965 – September 1967 |  |
| September 1967 – November 1968 | * **Jerry Garcia** – lead guitar, vocals * **Bob Weir** – rhythm guitar, vocals * **Ron "Pigpen" McKernan** – keyboards, harmonica, percussion, vocals * **Phil Lesh** – bass, vocals * **Bill Kreutzmann** – drums * **Mickey Hart** – drums |
| November 1968 – January 1970 | * **Jerry Garcia** – lead guitar, vocals * **Bob Weir** – rhythm guitar, vocals * **Ron "Pigpen" McKernan** – harmonica, percussion, keyboards, vocals * **Tom Constanten** – keyboards * **Phil Lesh** – bass, vocals * **Bill Kreutzmann** – drums * **Mickey Hart** – drums |
| January 1970 – February 1971 | * **Jerry Garcia** – lead guitar, vocals * **Bob Weir** – rhythm guitar, vocals * **Ron "Pigpen" McKernan** – keyboards, harmonica, percussion, vocals * **Phil Lesh** – bass, vocals * **Bill Kreutzmann** – drums * **Mickey Hart** – drums |
| February – October 1971 | * **Jerry Garcia** – lead guitar, vocals * **Bob Weir** – rhythm guitar, vocals * **Ron "Pigpen" McKernan** – keyboards, harmonica, percussion, vocals * **Phil Lesh** – bass, vocals * **Bill Kreutzmann** – drums |
| October 1971 – March 1972 | * **Jerry Garcia** – lead guitar, vocals * **Bob Weir** – rhythm guitar, vocals * **Ron "Pigpen" McKernan** – harmonica, percussion, keyboards, vocals * **Keith Godchaux** – keyboards * **Phil Lesh** – bass, vocals * **Bill Kreutzmann** – drums |
| March – June 1972 | * **Jerry Garcia** – lead guitar, vocals * **Bob Weir** – rhythm guitar, vocals * **Ron "Pigpen" McKernan** – harmonica, percussion, keyboards, vocals * **Keith Godchaux** – keyboards * **Donna Jean Godchaux** – vocals * **Phil Lesh** – bass * **Bill Kreutzmann** – drums |
| June 1972 – October 1974 | * **Jerry Garcia** – lead guitar, vocals * **Bob Weir** – rhythm guitar, vocals * **Keith Godchaux** – keyboards * **Donna Jean Godchaux** – vocals * **Phil Lesh** – bass * **Bill Kreutzmann** – drums  **Touring musician** |
| October 1974 – February 1979 | * **Jerry Garcia** – lead guitar, vocals * **Bob Weir** – rhythm guitar, vocals * **Keith Godchaux** – keyboards * **Donna Jean Godchaux** – vocals * **Phil Lesh** – bass * **Bill Kreutzmann** – drums * **Mickey Hart** – drums  **Touring musician**
* **Ned Lagin** – keyboards, electronics (October 1974) |
| April 1979 – July 1990 | * **Jerry Garcia** – lead guitar, vocals * **Bob Weir** – rhythm guitar, vocals * **Brent Mydland** – keyboards, vocals * **Phil Lesh** – bass, vocals * **Bill Kreutzmann** – drums * **Mickey Hart** – drums |
| September 1990 – August 1995 | * **Jerry Garcia** – lead guitar, vocals * **Bob Weir** – rhythm guitar, vocals * **Vince Welnick** – keyboards, vocals * **Phil Lesh** – bass, vocals * **Bill Kreutzmann** – drums * **Mickey Hart** – drums  **Touring musician**
* **Bruce Hornsby** – keyboards, vocals (September 1990 – March 1992) |

## Timeline


title: WRMA (disambiguation)

abstract:
WRMA is a radio station licensed to North Miami Beach, Florida. WRMA may also refer to:
  - WXDJ, a radio station licensed to Fort Lauderdale, Florida, which held the call sign WRMA from 1994 to 2014
  - WXZZ, a radio station licensed to Georgetown, Kentucky, which held the call sign WRMA from 1984 to 1986
  - WZKD, a radio station licensed to Montgomery, Alabama, which held the call sign WRMA from 1953 to 1977

text:
# WRMA (disambiguation)

**WRMA** is a radio station (95.7 FM) licensed to North Miami Beach, Florida.

**WRMA** may also refer to:

* WXDJ, a radio station (106.7 FM) licensed to Fort Lauderdale, Florida, which held the call sign WRMA from 1994 to 2014
* WXZZ, a radio station (103.3 FM) licensed to Georgetown, Kentucky, which held the call sign WRMA from 1984 to 1986
* WZKD, a radio station (950 AM) licensed to Montgomery, Alabama, which held the call sign WRMA from 1953 to 1977


title: Melrose and Sinkola Plantations

abstract: The Melrose and Sinkola Plantations, in Thomas County, Georgia, a property of 1,500 acres (610 ha), was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. The listed area included 50 contributing buildings, three contributing structures, and one contributing site. A work by architects Walker & Weeks is included.

text:
# Melrose and Sinkola Plantations

The **Melrose and Sinkola Plantations**, in Thomas County, Georgia, a property of 1,500 acres (610 ha), was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

The listed area included 50 contributing buildings, three contributing structures, and one contributing site.

A work by architects Walker & Weeks is included.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Melrose and Sinkola Plantations | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 3.75 miles (6.04 km) SW, on US 319, of Thomasville, Georgia |
| Coordinates | 30°47′24″N 84°03′17″W / 30.79000°N 84.05472°W / 30.79000; -84.05472 |
| Area | 1,500 acres (610 ha) |
| Architect | Walker & Weeks |
| Architectural style | Colonial Revival, Greek Revival, Georgian Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 89002275 |
| Added to NRHP | January 4, 1990 |


title: Melrose Township, Michigan

abstract: Melrose Township is a civil township of Charlevoix County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,405 at the 2020 census. The township was set off from Evangeline Township by the County Board of Supervisors in 1877.

text:
# Melrose Township, Michigan

**Melrose Township** is a civil township of Charlevoix County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,405 at the 2020 census.

The township was set off from Evangeline Township by the County Board of Supervisors in 1877.

## Communities

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.00 square miles (90.65 km2), of which 32.98 square miles (85.42 km2) is land and 2.02 square miles (5.23 km2) (5.77%) is water.

The township contains the eastern coastline of Walloon Lake.

### Major highways

* US 131 runs south–north through the center of the township.
* M-75 (South Shore Drive) runs through the west-central portion of the township and terminates at US 131. The roadway continues to the east of US 131 and carries the C-81 designation.
* C-81 (River Road) is a county-designated highway that begins at US 131 east of M-75 and runs through the northern portion of the township.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,388 people, 517 households, and 387 families residing in the township. The population density was 42.2 inhabitants per square mile (16.3/km2). There were 875 housing units at an average density of 26.6 per square mile (10.3/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 98.05% White, 0.07% African American, 0.65% Native American, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.14% from other races, and 1.01% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.08% of the population.

There were 517 households, out of which 36.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.8% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.0% were non-families. 19.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.09.

In the township the population was spread out, with 28.7% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 31.8% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.8 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $41,000, and the median income for a family was $45,385. Males had a median income of $29,813 versus $21,620 for females. The per capita income for the township was $20,426. About 5.4% of families and 8.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.5% of those under age 18 and 2.2% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

Melrose Township is served by three separate school districts. Most of the township is served by Wolverine Community Schools to the northeast in the village of Wolverine in Cheboygan County. The southwest portion of the township is served by Boyne City Public Schools to the southwest in the city of Boyne City. A small southeastern portion of the township is served by Boyne Falls Public School District to the south in Boyne Valley Township.

### Sources

* Romig, Walter (October 1, 1986) \[1973\]. *Michigan Place Names: The History of the Founding and the Naming of More Than Five Thousand Past and Present Michigan Communities* (Paperback). Great Lakes Books Series. Detroit, Michigan: Wayne State University Press. pp. 118, 561. ISBN 978-0-8143-1838-6.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Melrose Township, Michigan | |
| --- | --- |
| Civil township | |
| Melrose Township Hall and Fire Department | |
| Location within Charlevoix County (red) and the administered CDP of Walloon Lake (pink) | |
| Melrose TownshipLocation within the state of MichiganMelrose TownshipLocation within the United States | |
| Coordinates: 45°15′06″N 84°55′11″W / 45.25167°N 84.91972°W / 45.25167; -84.91972 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Michigan |
| County | Charlevoix |
| Established | 1877 |
| Government | |
| Supervisor | Vern Goodwin |
| Clerk | Robin Hissong Berry |
| Area | |
| Total | 35.00 sq mi (90.65 km2) |
| Land | 32.98 sq mi (85.42 km2) |
| Water | 2.02 sq mi (5.23 km2) |
| Elevation | 676 ft (206 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 1,405 |
| Density | 40/sq mi (15/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code(s) | 49712 (Boyne City)
49713 (Boyne Falls)
49796 (Walloon Lake) |
| Area code | 231 |
| FIPS code | 26-52880 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1626719 |
| Website | Official website |


title: WAJM

abstract: WAJM, assigned to 88.9 FM and licensed to Atlantic City, New Jersey, is a high school radio station owned by the Atlantic City Board of Education and is operated by the students of Atlantic City High School. Currently, WAJM broadcasts live Monday thru Friday from 7:00am to 3:30pm and during after hours, on weekends, holidays and when Atlantic City High School is closed due to inclement weather the station operates on an automated system where music, station IDs and PSA are shuffled and broadcast on-air. Starting at its inception WAJM had been broadcasting with a jazz radio format until 2009 when it flipped to a freeform radio format using the moniker 88.9 The Jam. The studios, offices and transmitter are located on the campus of Atlantic City High School on North Albany Avenue in Atlantic City. In 2009 WAJM began simulcasting its live and automated broadcasts via the Internet in both an audio only feed and audio/video feed. The station was a creation of Mr.Norman Draper. The first school year of on air broadcasting was 1996–97. That year the students interviewed "Sugar" Ray Leonard, and did a live simulcast from the grand opening of the new Atlantic City Convention Center. In 2005 the Atlantic City Board of Education entered into an agreement with In His Name Broadcasting which at the time owned 88.7 FM WXXY licensed to neighboring Port Republic to simulcast each other programming, WAJM would simulcast WXXY's religious programming when their live programming ended for the day and WXXY would broadcast Atlantic City Board of Education meetings and Atlantic City Public School sporting events, specifically the Atlantic City High School Vikings.

text:
# WAJM

**WAJM**, assigned to 88.9 FM and licensed to Atlantic City, New Jersey, is a high school radio station owned by the Atlantic City Board of Education and is operated by the students of Atlantic City High School. Currently, WAJM broadcasts live Monday thru Friday from 7:00am to 3:30pm and during after hours, on weekends, holidays and when Atlantic City High School is closed due to inclement weather the station operates on an automated system where music, station IDs and PSA are shuffled and broadcast on-air. Starting at its inception WAJM had been broadcasting with a jazz radio format until 2009 when it flipped to a freeform radio format using the moniker **88.9 The Jam**. The studios, offices and transmitter are located on the campus of Atlantic City High School on North Albany Avenue in Atlantic City. In 2009 WAJM began simulcasting its live and automated broadcasts via the Internet in both an audio only feed and audio/video feed. The station was a creation of Mr.Norman Draper. The first school year of on air broadcasting was 1996–97. That year the students interviewed "Sugar" Ray Leonard, and did a live simulcast from the grand opening of the new Atlantic City Convention Center.

In 2005 the Atlantic City Board of Education entered into an agreement with In His Name Broadcasting which at the time owned 88.7 FM WXXY (Now WEHA) licensed to neighboring Port Republic to simulcast each other programming, WAJM would simulcast WXXY's religious programming when their live programming ended for the day and WXXY would broadcast Atlantic City Board of Education meetings and Atlantic City Public School sporting events, specifically the Atlantic City High School Vikings.

39°21′54″N 74°28′30″W / 39.365°N 74.475°W / 39.365; -74.475

## InfoBox

WAJM-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Southern New Jersey |
| Frequency | 88.9 MHz |
| Programming | |
| Format | Educational / Freeform |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Atlantic City Board of Education |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 150 watts |
| HAAT | 31 meters |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | Jammin' 88.9 |


title: Newbury Comics

abstract: Newbury Comics is an American comic book and music retailer based in New England. Newbury Comics began as a comic book vendor on Newbury Street in Boston. The company was founded in 1978 by Massachusetts Institute of Technology students John Brusger and Mike Dreese. Dreese also published Boston Rock, a music tabloid which was active from 1980 to 1987 that focused on punk, new wave and indie bands. There are now 29 stores in six states: four in New Hampshire, two in Rhode Island, one in Maine, two in Connecticut, and fourteen in Massachusetts. On August 20, 2016, Newbury Comics opened its first store outside of New England at the Roosevelt Field Mall in Garden City, New York. This location quickly became the #1 performing store in the chain. Since its opening, six additional locations have been opened in New York bringing its total to seven. Since the late 1980s Newbury Comics has been a vendor of new and used CDs, LPs, singles, and DVDs, and other pop culture–related goods, including comics, manga, posters, T-shirts, trading cards, action figures, buttons, sports merchandise, jewelry, cosmetics, novelties and more. The chain also had a sister store called Hootenanny which mostly sold punk-style clothing, located one floor below the Newbury Comics in Harvard Square. Hootenanny closed in May 2012, while the flagship Newbury Comics banner was altering its product mix to include more fashion. Newbury Comics stores are gradually shifting from strip centers to mall locations.

text:
# Newbury Comics

**Newbury Comics** is an American comic book and music retailer based in New England. Newbury Comics began as a comic book vendor on Newbury Street in Boston. The company was founded in 1978 by Massachusetts Institute of Technology students John Brusger and Mike Dreese. Dreese also published *Boston Rock*, a music tabloid which was active from 1980 to 1987 that focused on punk, new wave and indie bands. There are now 29 stores in six states: four in New Hampshire, two in Rhode Island, one in Maine, two in Connecticut, and fourteen in Massachusetts. On August 20, 2016, Newbury Comics opened its first store outside of New England at the Roosevelt Field Mall in Garden City, New York. This location quickly became the #1 performing store in the chain. Since its opening, six additional locations have been opened in New York bringing its total to seven.

Since the late 1980s Newbury Comics has been a vendor of new and used CDs, LPs, singles, and DVDs, and other pop culture–related goods, including comics, manga, posters, T-shirts, trading cards, action figures, buttons, sports merchandise, jewelry, cosmetics, novelties and more.

The chain also had a sister store called Hootenanny which mostly sold punk-style clothing, located one floor below the Newbury Comics in Harvard Square. Hootenanny closed in May 2012, while the flagship Newbury Comics banner was altering its product mix to include more fashion. Newbury Comics stores are gradually shifting from strip centers to mall locations.

## Notable employees

* Andy Bonner of the Boston band Piebald worked for years at both the Harvard Square and Alewife locations. The band's "King of the Road" includes the lyrics, "Andy went back to school. He got sick of Newbury Comics."
* Valerie Forgione of Mistle Thrush is the company's Executive Vice President
* Joe Guese, guitarist of The Click Five, worked at the flagship Newbury Comics briefly before joining the band.
* Rob Hamilton and Chris Pearson of Green Magnet School worked at the Framingham store and the warehouse, respectively, when the band was signed to Sub Pop records.
* Aimee Mann worked at the original Newbury Street location before gaining prominence with her band 'Til Tuesday.
* David Shibler worked at the original Newbury Street location while becoming the bass player in the local band the Turbines.
* Jon Syverson, Alexis S.F. Marshall, and Samuel Moorehouse Walker of Daughters have worked at the Providence and North Attleboro locations.
* Chris Pupecki (Doomriders, Black Tail & ex–Cast Iron Hike) worked at the Natick store.
* Johnny Earle, founder of clothing line Johnny Cupcakes, worked at Newbury Comics, where he would secretly sell shirts out of his car on bathroom breaks.
* Jon Strader, guitarist of the band No Trigger, worked at the Shrewsbury location.
* Paul DeGeorge, of Harry and the Potters, worked at various stores, including both Cambridge locations.
* Ian St. Germain, bass player and drummer of Burnt Fur and Tracy Husky, worked at the Harvard Square location.
* Mark McKay, drummer of hardcore punk band Slapshot was a manager of several Newbury Comics stores and worked in the IT department as well as working for Interscope Records.
* Ryan McKenney and Brian Izzi of the band Trap Them, worked at the Salem, NH store.
* Aaron Dalbec of Bane, Only Crime and ex-Converge worked at the Shrewsbury store during the mid-to-late 90s.
* Tanya Donelly of the Throwing Muses, The Breeders and Belly.

In the movie *Hatchet* (2006), star Joel Moore spends much of the film in a blood-spattered Newbury Comics T-shirt. In reaction to this Newbury Comics started selling special Hatchet T-shirts like the one in the movie. The "Tooth Face" Logo T-shirt is featured in the second issue of *The Bulletproof Coffin* comics from Image Comics.

In the fifth and sixth season opening credits for *Sabrina, the Teenage Witch*, Sabrina, portrayed by Melissa Joan Hart, is seen walking out of the store on Newbury Street.

The song "Newbury Comics" by John Lipari was released on March 15, 2024 from his third studio album The Singer of Staten Island.

## Store locations

**Connecticut:**

**Maine:**

**Massachusetts:**

**New Hampshire:**

**New York:**

**Rhode Island:**

Source:

## InfoBox

Newbury Comics
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Music
Comics
DVDs
Pop Culture |
| Founded | Boston, Massachusetts, U.S., 1978 |
| Founder | John Brusger
Mike Dreese |
| Headquarters | Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Number of locations | 29 |
| Area served | Northeastern United States |
| Subsidiaries | Hootenanny |
| Website | www.newbury.com |


title: Urosalpinx haneti

abstract: Urosalpinx haneti is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

text:
# Urosalpinx haneti

***Urosalpinx haneti*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

## Description

The length of the shell varies varies between 24 mm and 34 mm.

(Described as *Urosalpinx rushii* Pilsbry, 1897) The shell is shortly fusiform, thick and solid, white under a dull light brown epidermis. It contains about 6 whorls (?), the earliest whorl is convex and smooth, the rest sculptured and convex. The body whorl is convex and robust, excavated below.

Sculpture : numerous low longitudinal folds, quite distinct and regular on the whorls of the spire, but subobsolete on the body whorl. The spiral cords number about 43 on the body whorl, every fourth cord decidedly wider and more prominent, the middle one of the three intervening larger than the other two. On the spire, or in young specimens, the spirals are alternately larger and smaller.

The surface is roughened and minutely lamellose throughout. The long, oval aperture is pure white within, about three-fifths the total altitude of shell. The siphonal canal is contracted, narrow, considerably recurved, about one-third as long as the open portion of the aperture. The outer lip is thick, with about 7 low denticles within. The columella is straight and vertical. The umbilical chink is minute. The umbilical region is large, excavated, surrounded by a convex, prominent siphonal funicle. The operculum is very thin, with the nucleus near the base.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Uruguay and Brazil.

## InfoBox

| *Urosalpinx haneti* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shell of *Urosalpinx haneti* (syntype at MNHN, Paris) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Muricidae |
| Genus: | *Urosalpinx* |
| Species: | ***U. haneti*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Urosalpinx haneti***<br>(Petit de la Saussaye, 1856) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Hanetia haneti* (Petit de la Saussaye, 1856) · * *Murex haneti* Petit de la Saussaye, 1856 * *Urosalpinx rushi* (sic) (misspelling) * *Urosalpinx rushii* Pilsbry, 1897 | |


title: X (Gnags album)

abstract: X is the tenth LP album released 1983 by the Danish rock band Gnags. The album was released digitally remastered in 1995 on CD.

text:
# X (Gnags album)

**X** is the tenth LP album released 1983 by the Danish rock band Gnags. The album was released digitally remastered in 1995 on CD.

## Track listing

1. Fodgænger — 4:03
2. Slingrer ned ad Vestergade — 4:13
3. Fuldmånen Lyser — 3:45
4. Forvandlingskugler — 3:22
5. Tossefugle — 3:44
6. Havnen med Skibe — 3:36
7. Tømmerflåden — 4:11
8. Zebrafinken — 2:52
9. Fuldmånevandvid — 4:03
10. Alt Synes Ro Ombord — 3:12

## InfoBox

| X | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Gnags | |
| Released | 1983 (LP)
1995 (CD) |
| Recorded | Feedback Studio
Århus, Denmark |
| Genre | Rock |
| Length | 37:01 |
| Label | Genlyd Grammofon |
| Producer | Jack Nuber |
| Gnags chronology | |
| *Safari* ***X*** *Den blå hund* | |


title: Čovići

abstract: Čovići is a village in Otočac municipality in Lika-Senj County, Croatia.

text:
# Čovići

**Čovići** is a village in Otočac municipality in Lika-Senj County, Croatia.

## InfoBox

| Čovići | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| ČovićiLocation of Čovići in Croatia | |
| Coordinates: 44°49′41″N 15°18′04″E / 44.82806°N 15.30111°E / 44.82806; 15.30111 | |
| Country | Croatia |
| County | Lika-Senj |
| Municipality | Otočac |
| Area | |
| Total | 19.2 km2 (7.4 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 453 m (1,486 ft) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 520 |
| Density | 27/km2 (70/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 53220 |
| Area code | \+ (385) |