title: Moscow City Duma District 28

abstract: Moscow City Duma District 28 is one of 45 constituencies in Moscow City Duma. Currently the district has covered outer parts of Southern Moscow. The district has been represented since 2024 by United Russia deputy Oleg Artemyev, a two-term incumbent and an active cosmonaut, who was redistricted from District 29.

text:
# Moscow City Duma District 28

**Moscow City Duma District 28** is one of 45 constituencies in Moscow City Duma. Currently the district has covered outer parts of Southern Moscow.

The district has been represented since 2024 by United Russia deputy Oleg Artemyev, a two-term incumbent and an active cosmonaut, who was redistricted from District 29.

## Boundaries

**1993–2001**: Konkovo, Tyoply Stan
The district covered parts of South-Western Moscow.

**2001–2005**: Konkovo, Tyoply Stan, part of Yasenevo
The district continued to cover parts of South-Western Moscow, gaining part of Yasenevo from District 27.

**2005–2014**: constituency abolished
Prior to the 2005 election the number of constituencies was reduced to 15, so the district was eliminated.

**2014–2024**: Moskvorechye-Saburovo, parts of Nagatinsky Zaton, parts of Tsaritsyno
The district was created prior to the 2014 election, after Moscow City Duma had been expanded from 35 to 45 seats. It covers parts of Southern Moscow.

**2024–present**: part of Chertanovo Yuzhnoye, Biryulyovo Vostochnoye, Biryulyovo Zapadnoye
During the 2023–24 Moscow redistricting most of the territory of the district was placed into District 27, except for eastern Moskvorechye-Saburovo, which was put into District 25. In its new configuration the district covers most of former District 29 (Biryulyovo) as well as part of Chertanovo Yuzhnoye (from the former District 30).

## Members elected

| Election | | Member | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1993 | Vladimir Plotnikov | Choice of Russia |
|  | 1997 | | Democratic Choice of Russia |
|  | 2001 | Viktor Volkov | Independent |
|  | 2005 | *Constituency eliminated* | |
|  | 2009 | |
|  | 2014 | Mikhail Antontsev | United Russia |
|  | 2019 | Yelena Samyshina | Independent |
|  | 2024 | Oleg Artemyev | United Russia |

## Election results

### 2001

Summary of the 16 December 2001 Moscow City Duma election in District 28
| Candidate | | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Viktor Volkov** | Independent | **13,230** | **20.55%** |
|  | Mikhail Gromov | Independent | 12,543 | 19.45% |
|  | Aleksandr Buzdakov | Independent | 11,452 | 17.79% |
|  | Dmitry Shestakov | Independent | 8,579 | 13.33% |
|  | Aleksandr Stepovoy | Union of Right Forces | 4.174 | 6.48% |
|  | Vladimir Rudakov | Independent | 691 | 1.07% |
|  | against all | | 10,865 | 16.88% |
|  | | | | |
| Total | | | 65,268 | 100% |
|  | | | | |
| Source: | | | |  |

### 2014

Summary of the 14 September 2014 Moscow City Duma election in District 28
| Candidate | | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Mikhail Antontsev (incumbent)** | United Russia | **14,280** | **45.29%** |
|  | Marina Miroshina | A Just Russia | 5,365 | 17.01% |
|  | Vladimir Kuimov | Communist Party | 5,216 | 16.54% |
|  | Aleksey Yablokov | Yabloko | 3,241 | 10.28% |
|  | Kirill Karov | Liberal Democratic Party | 1,787 | 5.67% |
|  | Nikolay Zharmukhanov | Independent | 604 | 1.92% |
|  | | | | |
| Total | | | 31,533 | 100% |
|  | | | | |
| Source: | | | |  |

### 2019

Summary of the 8 September 2019 Moscow City Duma election in District 28
| Candidate | | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Yelena Samyshina** | Independent | **11,570** | **38.80%** |
|  | Arkady Pavlinov | A Just Russia | 7,716 | 25.88% |
|  | Konstantin Lazarev | Communist Party | 6,992 | 23.45% |
|  | Sergey Yeliseyev | Liberal Democratic Party | 2,377 | 7.97% |
|  | | | | |
| Total | | | 29,819 | 100% |
|  | | | | |
| Source: | | | |  |

### 2024

Summary of the 6–8 September 2024 Moscow City Duma election in District 28
| Candidate | | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Oleg Artemyev (incumbent)** | United Russia | **39,375** | **48.93%** |
|  | Leonid Vorobyov | Communist Party | 13,671 | 16.99% |
|  | Yegor Anisimov | Liberal Democratic Party | 7,490 | 9.31% |
|  | Yekaterina Andrianova | Independent | 6,643 | 8.25% |
|  | Dmitry Voronin | New People | 5,927 | 7.36% |
|  | Yaroslavna Chalova | A Just Russia – For Truth | 4,155 | 5.16% |
|  | Andrey Vasilchenkov | Communists of Russia | 3,162 | 3.93% |
|  | | | | |
| Total | | | 80,476 | 100% |
|  | | | | |
| Source: | | | |  |

1. "Результаты выборов по одномандатному избирательному округу, 2024". *moscow-city.vybory.izbirkom.ru*. Retrieved 2024-09-15.
2. "Закон города Москвы от 30 апреля 2014 года №22 "О схеме одномандатных избирательных округов по выборам депутатов Московской городской Думы"". *docs.cntd.ru*. Retrieved 2024-01-14.
3. "Закон города Москвы от 27 декабря 2023 года №39 "О схеме одномандатных избирательных округов по выборам депутатов Московской городской Думы"". *docs.cntd.ru*. Retrieved 2024-01-14.
4. "Результаты выборов по одномандатному избирательному округу, 2001". *panorama.ru*. Retrieved 2024-01-14.
5. "Результаты выборов по одномандатному избирательному округу, 2014". *moscow-city.vybory.izbirkom.ru*. Retrieved 2024-01-14.
6. "Результаты выборов по одномандатному избирательному округу, 2019". *moscow-city.vybory.izbirkom.ru*. Retrieved 2024-01-14.

## InfoBox

Moscow City Duma District 28
| **Moscow City Duma**
**constituency** | |
| --- | --- |
| Deputy | Oleg Artemyev
United Russia |
| Administrative Okrug | Southern |
| Districts | part of Chertanovo Yuzhnoye, Biryulyovo Vostochnoye, Biryulyovo Zapadnoye |
| Voters | 187,595 (2024) |


title: Moscow City Duma District 31

abstract: Moscow City Duma District 31 is one of 45 constituencies in Moscow City Duma. Currently the district covers Yuzhnoye Butovo in South-Western Moscow and parts of Shcherbinka. The district has been represented since 2024 by City Duma Deputy Chairwoman and United Russia deputy Lyudmila Guseva, a three-term member, who was redistricted from District 33.

text:
# Moscow City Duma District 31

**Moscow City Duma District 31** is one of 45 constituencies in Moscow City Duma. Currently the district covers Yuzhnoye Butovo in South-Western Moscow and parts of Shcherbinka.

The district has been represented since 2024 by City Duma Deputy Chairwoman and United Russia deputy Lyudmila Guseva, a three-term member, who was redistricted from District 33.

## Boundaries

**1993–1997**: Fili-Davydkovo, Kutusovzky, Mozhaysky
The district covered parts of Western Moscow along the Kutuzovsky Prospekt.

**1997–2001**: Dorogomilovo, Fili-Davydkovo, Mozhaysky
The district continued to cover parts of Western Moscow along the Kutuzovsky Prospekt, gaining the rest of Dorogomilovo (former Dorogomilovsky District) from District 30.

**2001–2005**: Dorogomilovo, Fili-Davydkovo, Ramenki, TEOS MGU
The district changed significantly as it swapped Mozhaysky District in the west for Ramenki to its south with the neighbouring District 30.

**2005–2014**: constituency abolished
Prior to the 2005 election the number of constituencies was reduced to 15, so the district was eliminated.

**2014–2024**: Chertanovo Severnoye, Nagorny, parts of Zyuzino
The district was created prior to the 2014 election, after Moscow City Duma had been expanded from 35 to 45 seats. It covers parts of Southern Moscow as well as parts of Zyuzino in South-Western Moscow.

**2024–present**: part of Shcherbinka, Yuzhnoye Butovo
During the 2023–24 Moscow redistricting the district was virtually eliminated as its former territory was divided between districts District 29, District 30 and District 34. In its new configuration the district covers the entirety of Southern Butovo (former District 33) and parts of Shcherbinka in New Moscow (former District 38).

## Members elected

| Election | | Member | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1993 | Valery Pavlov | Party of Russian Unity and Accord |
|  | *1995* | Olga Sergeyeva | Independent |
|  | 1997 | Yury Zagrebnoy | Independent |
|  | 2001 | Yevgeny Gerasimov | Independent |
|  | 2005 | *Constituency eliminated* | |
|  | 2009 | |
|  | 2014 | Sergey Zverev | United Russia |
|  | 2019 | Lyubov Nikitina | Communist Party |
|  | 2024 | Lyudmila Guseva | United Russia |

## Election results

### 2001

Summary of the 16 December 2001 Moscow City Duma election in District 31
| Candidate | | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Yevgeny Gerasimov** | Independent | **12,786** | **24.01%** |
|  | Olga Sergeyeva | Russian Communist Workers' Party | 7,319 | 13.74% |
|  | Sergey Bochkov | Independent | 6,524 | 12.25% |
|  | Yevgeny Shevalovsky | Independent | 4,444 | 8.34% |
|  | Yury Zagrebnoy (incumbent) | Independent | 4,356 | 8.18% |
|  | Vadim Isthmian | Independent | 3,701 | 6.95% |
|  | Svetlana Silkina | Independent | 2,694 | 5.06% |
|  | Aleksandr Gerasimov | Independent | 2,124 | 3.99% |
|  | against all | | 7,902 | 14.84% |
|  | | | | |
| Total | | | 53,635 | 100% |
|  | | | | |
| Source: | | | |  |

### 2014

Summary of the 14 September 2014 Moscow City Duma election in District 31
| Candidate | | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Sergey Zverev** | United Russia | **16,018** | **52.34%** |
|  | Aleksandr Kurafeyev | Communist Party | 4,536 | 14.82% |
|  | Varvara Gryaznova | Yabloko | 4,259 | 13.92% |
|  | Oleg Sukhov | Independent | 2,288 | 7.48% |
|  | Sergey Anokhin | A Just Russia | 1,346 | 4.40% |
|  | Anna Novikova | Liberal Democratic Party | 1,033 | 3.38% |
|  | | | | |
| Total | | | 30,603 | 100% |
|  | | | | |
| Source: | | | |  |

### 2019

Summary of the 8 September 2019 Moscow City Duma election in District 31
| Candidate | | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Lyubov Nikitina** | Communist Party | **13,173** | **44.22%** |
|  | Sergey Zverev (incumbent) | Independent | 8,774 | 29.45% |
|  | Andrey Mileshin | Communists of Russia | 2,669 | 8.96% |
|  | Yulia Zhandarova | A Just Russia | 2,349 | 7.89% |
|  | Yulia Shmantsar | Liberal Democratic Party | 1,755 | 5.89% |
|  | | | | |
| Total | | | 29,789 | 100% |
|  | | | | |
| Source: | | | |  |

### 2024

Summary of the 6–8 September 2024 Moscow City Duma election in District 31
| Candidate | | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Lyudmila Guseva (incumbent)** | United Russia | **40,699** | **53.10%** |
|  | Mikhail Seleznev | New People | 10,096 | 13.17% |
|  | Andrey Kukhar | Liberal Democratic Party | 10,028 | 13.08% |
|  | Pyotr Myagkov | Communist Party | 6,875 | 8.97% |
|  | Yegor Mironov | A Just Russia – For Truth | 5,731 | 7.48% |
|  | Valentin Sokolov | Communists of Russia | 3,195 | 4.17% |
|  | | | | |
| Total | | | 76,648 | 100% |
|  | | | | |
| Source: | | | |  |

1. "Результаты выборов по одномандатному избирательному округу, 2024". *moscow-city.vybory.izbirkom.ru*. Retrieved 2024-09-15.
2. "Закон города Москвы от 30 апреля 2014 года №22 "О схеме одномандатных избирательных округов по выборам депутатов Московской городской Думы"". *docs.cntd.ru*. Retrieved 2024-01-14.
3. "Закон города Москвы от 27 декабря 2023 года №39 "О схеме одномандатных избирательных округов по выборам депутатов Московской городской Думы"". *docs.cntd.ru*. Retrieved 2024-01-14.
4. "Результаты выборов по одномандатному избирательному округу, 2001". *panorama.ru*. Retrieved 2024-01-14.
5. "Результаты выборов по одномандатному избирательному округу, 2014". *moscow-city.vybory.izbirkom.ru*. Retrieved 2024-01-14.
6. "Результаты выборов по одномандатному избирательному округу, 2019". *moscow-city.vybory.izbirkom.ru*. Retrieved 2024-01-14.

## InfoBox

Moscow City Duma District 31
| **Moscow City Duma**
**constituency** | |
| --- | --- |
| Deputy | Lyudmila Guseva
United Russia |
| Administrative Okrug | Novomoskovsky, South-Western |
| Districts | part of Shcherbinka, Yuzhnoye Butovo |
| Voters | 172,174 (2024) |


title: Motif (album)

abstract: Motif is a 2008 album by guitarist Steve Howe. The album features re-recordings of songs from Howe's career, including pieces from his solo albums as well as Sketches in the Sun from GTR and Clap from The Yes Album

text:
# Motif (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Record Collector* |  |
| CD Universe |  |

***Motif*** (also known as ***Motif Volume 1***) is a 2008 album by guitarist Steve Howe. The album features re-recordings of songs from Howe's career, including pieces from his solo albums as well as *Sketches in the Sun* from GTR and *Clap* from The Yes Album

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "The Golden Mean" | 02:50 |
| 2. | "Intersection Blues" | 02:41 |
| 3. | "Corkscrew" | 03:44 |
| 4. | "Trambone" | 01:47 |
| 5. | "Devon Blue" | 02:57 |
| 6. | "Clap" | 03:18 |
| 7. | "Australia" | 04:07 |
| 8. | "Part and Parcel" | 03:02 |
| 9. | "Sketches in the Sun" | 03:16 |
| 10. | "Second Initial" | 02:59 |
| 11. | "Concerto in D (Second Movement)" | 03:08 |
| 12. | "Diary of a Man Who Vanished" | 02:41 |
| 13. | "Cat Napping" | 03:59 |
| 14. | "Ram" | 02:29 |
| 15. | "Provence" | 03:17 |
| 16. | "Winter (Second Movement)" | 02:22 |
| 17. | "Meadow Rag" | 02:31 |
| 18. | "Heritage" | 02:39 |
| 19. | "Bareback" | 03:21 |
| 20. | "Dorothy" | 02:50 |
| Total length: | | 59:58 |

## InfoBox

| Motif | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Steve Howe | |
| Released | 19 August 2008 |
| Recorded | 2005–2007 |
| Genre | Acoustic |
| Length | 59:58 |
| Label | HoweSound |
| Producer | Steve Howe |
| Steve Howe chronology | |
| *Homebrew 3*
(2005) ***Motif***
(2008) *The Haunted Melody*
(2008) | |


title: Motiejus Giedraitis

abstract: Motiejus or Matas Giedraitis was a Lithuanian noble statesman, diplomat, and writer of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

text:
# Motiejus Giedraitis

**Motiejus** or **Matas Giedraitis** (1480 or 1490 – 1563) was a Lithuanian noble statesman, diplomat, and writer of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

## Biography

A member of the Videniškiai branch of the House of Giedroyć, Giedraitis was born in 1480 or 1490 to Baltramiejus Vaitkevičius Giedraitis. The family sometimes called themselves the Daumantai, due to a local nobleman who lived in the area in the 14th century. From 1507, Giedraitis was starost of Kernavė and Maišiagala. In 1547 he inherited his grandfather's estate in Vilnius. Having close ties with the court of Bona Sforza, Giedraitis was his family's flag bearer from 1577, and vicegerent of Vilnius from 1560. In 1562 Giedraitis became the Marszałek of the palace of the Grand Duke of Lithuania. Around the Videniškiai Manor, he built a residential homestead, as well as the village's first wooden church (which was assigned to the Vilnius Dominicans in 1549), a brick castle, and the main town of Videniškiai. In 1551 Giedraitis was an envoy to the Grand Duchy of Moscow. He wrote of his travel and diplomatic experience in *De modo recipendi oratores apud Moscavitas* (About the Way to Receive Messengers at the Muscovites). It was partially printed in Olaus Magnus's *A Description of the Northern Peoples*. There was also a genealogy of the Giedraičiai family published in Maciej Stryjkowski's chronicle.

## Family

It is believed that Giedraitis's first wife was Ona Krošinska, with whom he had five sons: the Samogitian bishop Merkelis Giedraitis, statesman Martynas Marcelis Giedraitis, *podkomorzy* of Kaunas Kasparas Giedraitis, and Zigmantas Giedraitis. His second wife was Sofija Narbutaitė (married in 1556). They had an estate near the Bernardinai monastery. Giedraitis's family line survives to this day.


title: Moura Photovoltaic Power Station

abstract: The Moura Photovoltaic Power Station is a large photovoltaic power station in Amareleja, in the municipality of Moura, Portugal. It is one of the largest power stations of its kind, and is built in one of the sunniest regions in Europe. Its construction involved two stages: stage 1 was completed in 2008 after 13 months, and stage 2 was completed in 2010. The entire project exceeded a total cost of €250 million. Stage 2 of the project involved the construction of a further 20 MW of solar panels. It occupies an area of 618 acres (250 ha), and is capable of producing 93 GWh of electrical energy annually. The power station has an installed capacity of 62 MWp, with more than 376,000 solar panels. Approximately 190,000 panels (32 MW) are fitted on fixed structures, and 52,000 panels (10 MW) are fixed on single-axis trackers. A €7.6 million solar panel factory, located in Moura, was constructed by Acciona, which provided panels for Stage 2 of the station construction. Its future production is targeted at the international market, with a capacity of producing 24 MW of solar panels annually.

text:
# Moura Photovoltaic Power Station

The **Moura Photovoltaic Power Station** (also known as **Amareleja Photovoltaic Power Station**) is a large photovoltaic power station in Amareleja, in the municipality of Moura, Portugal. It is one of the largest power stations of its kind, and is built in one of the sunniest regions in Europe. Its construction involved two stages: stage 1 was completed in 2008 after 13 months, and stage 2 was completed in 2010. The entire project exceeded a total cost of 250 million.

Stage 2 of the project involved the construction of a further 20 MW of solar panels. It occupies an area of 618 acres (250 ha), and is capable of producing 93 GWh of electrical energy annually (10 MW average - equivalent to the electricity consumption of 15,000 Europeans).

The power station has an installed capacity of 62 MWp, with more than 376,000 solar panels. Approximately 190,000 panels (32 MW) are fitted on fixed structures, and 52,000 panels (10 MW) are fixed on single-axis trackers.

A €7.6 million solar panel factory, located in Moura, was constructed by Acciona, which provided panels for Stage 2 of the station construction. Its future production is targeted at the international market, with a capacity of producing 24 MW of solar panels annually.

## InfoBox

| Moura Photovoltaic Power Station | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Country | Portugal |
| Location | Amareleja |
| Coordinates | 38°11′20″N 7°12′08″W / 38.1889°N 7.2022°W / 38.1889; -7.2022 |
| Status | Operational |
| Commission date | Phase-1: 2008<br>Phase-2: 2010 |
| Construction cost | 250 million |
| Solar farm | |
| Type | Flat-panel PV |
| Site area | 618 acres (250 ha) |
| Power generation | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Units operational | 376,000 |
| Nameplate capacity | 62 MW |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Moyie, British Columbia

abstract: Moyie is an unincorporated community in the East Kootenay region of British Columbia, Canada. It is located on Highway 3, 30 km south of Cranbrook on the eastern shore of Moyie Lake. Once known as Grande Quete, the origin of Moyie's name is, via the river of the same name, thought to be the French word mouille, meaning wet.

text:
# Moyie, British Columbia

**Moyie** is an unincorporated community in the East Kootenay region of British Columbia, Canada. It is located on Highway 3, 30 km (19 miles) south of Cranbrook on the eastern shore of Moyie Lake.

Once known as Grande Quete, the origin of Moyie's name is, via the river of the same name, thought to be the French word mouille, meaning wet.

## History

Moyie was developed in 1897 by Glencairn Campbell, who purchased the property and subdivided it into lots. Lot sales were brisk as the Canadian Pacific Railway completed a tote road that allowed twice weekly stagecoach service from Fort Steele, while another tote road from Kootenay Lake was completed that November.

It was predicted that Moyie would have a prosperous future and the CPR's new sternwheeler *Moyie*, launched in 1898, was named for the town.

The first newspaper, the *Moyie City Leader* was published in the spring of 1898. One of the first stores in Moyie was a meat market owned by Pat Burns, one of a string of such stores that supplied beef to the railway and the residents along the line.

By 1900, Moyie had a population of 600, a train station, a water company and a school with twelve students.

In the 1901 census, Moyie had a thousand residents, predominantly males who lived in boarding houses. Most of the local recreation consisted of what was offered by the lakefront saloons and brothels.

By 1906, Moyie was promoted as "Moyie City" and had five hotels, a lumber mill, a brewery and the St. Peter's church built by Father Nicholas Coccola in 1904.

In 1907 the St. Eugene Mine was described by the Canadian Department of Mines as being "...the most important silver-lead mine in Canada.". By 1909 Moyie had a population of 1,200 with about 450 employed in the mine. However, by 1920, Moyie's glory days had passed and the mine only employed 20 men. The population plummeted to 100 people and Moyie never recovered.

### St. Eugene Mine

In 1893, rich galena deposits were discovered near Moyie Lake by a Ktunaxa man by the name of Pielle or (Pierre). Pielle took the galena to Father Nicolas Coccola, then head of the St. Eugene Mission, who sent the samples to Spokane for analysis. Upon learning that the ore contained high percentages of silver, Coccola, Pielle and a Spokane developer by the name of James Cronin each staked a claim above Moyie Lake and registered them in Fort Steele on June 25.

Pielle and Father Coccola both sold their claims in 1895 for $12,000. Father Coccola used the profits to construct a hospital and the St. Eugene Church in the St. Eugene Mission. Miners and other fortune seekers began to rush to the area and throughout the next decade the St. Eugene Mine produced more than $10,000,000 in ore and was the catalyst for the Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company, later known as Cominco.

## Attractions

Moyie is a retirement community. Restored heritage buildings include the fire station, St. Peter's Catholic Church, and the Kokanee Cove Pub, which was built from parts of the old Manhattan Hotel. All that remains of the St. Eugene Mine are piles of mine tailings and the concrete foundations.

## Media

Moyie was featured on the historical television series *Gold Trails and Ghost Towns*.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Moyie, British Columbia | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Location of Moyie in British Columbia | |
| Coordinates: 49°17′19″N 115°50′0″W / 49.28861°N 115.83333°W / 49.28861; -115.83333 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | British Columbia |
| Regional district | East Kootenay |
| Elevation | 1,080 m (3,543 ft) |
| Population (2006) | |
| Total | 450 |
| Time zone | UTC-8 (PST) |
| Postal code | V0B 2A0 |
| Area code | 250 |
| Highway | Highway 3 |
| Waterway | Moyie Lake |
| Website | Moyie Lake website |


title: Motipur, Nepal

abstract: Motipur is a village development committee in Bardiya District in Lumbini Province of south-western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 14,760 and had 2151 houses in the town.

text:
# Motipur, Nepal

**Motipur** is a village development committee in Bardiya District in Lumbini Province of south-western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 14,760 and had 2151 houses in the town.

1. "Nepal Census 2001". *Nepal's Village Development Committees*. Digital Himalaya. Retrieved 2008-08-31.

## InfoBox

| Motipur, Nepal मोतिपुर | |
| --- | --- |
| Village development committee | |
| Motipur, NepalLocation in Lumbini ProvinceMotipur, NepalMotipur, Nepal (Nepal) | |
| Coordinates: 27°42′N 83°08′E / 27.700°N 83.133°E / 27.700; 83.133 | |
| Country | Nepal |
| Province | Lumbini Province |
| Population (1991) | |
| Total | 14,760 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:45 (Nepal Time) |


title: Mount Missim long-eared bat

abstract: The Mount Missim long-eared bat is a species of vesper bat found in Papua New Guinea.

text:
# Mount Missim long-eared bat

The **Mount Missim long-eared bat** (***Nyctophilus shirleyae***) is a species of vesper bat found in Papua New Guinea.

## Taxonomy and etymology

The Mount Missim long-eared bat was described as a new species by H. Parnaby in 2009. The holotype had been collected in 1988 on Mount Missim by H. Parnaby. The eponym for the species name "*shirleyae*" was H. Parnaby's mother, Shirley Jean Parnaby. H. Parnaby wrote that she was "a great admirer of the people of the Papua New Guinea nation and its biodiversity," in addition to a supporter of his childhood interest in mammals.

## Description

Its forearm length is approximately 46.8 mm (1.84 in). Individuals weigh 11.5–13 g (0.41–0.46 oz).

## Range and habitat

It is endemic to Papua New Guinea. It has been documented at elevations between 500–1,700 m (1,600–5,600 ft) above sea level.

## Conservation

As of 2020, it is assessed as a data deficient species by the IUCN.

## InfoBox

| Mount Missim long-eared bat | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Chiroptera |
| Family: | Vespertilionidae |
| Genus: | *Nyctophilus* |
| Species: | ***N. shirleyae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Nyctophilus shirleyae***
Parnaby, 2009 | |
|
|  | |
| Distribution of the Mount Missim long-eared bat | |


title: Muckalee/Ballyfoyle Rangers GAA

abstract: Muckalee/Ballyfoyle Rangers GAA was a Gaelic Athletic Association club located in the Muckalee and Ballyfoyle areas of County Kilkenny, Ireland. The club was primarily concerned with the game of hurling.

text:
# Muckalee/Ballyfoyle Rangers GAA

**Muckalee/Ballyfoyle Rangers GAA** was a Gaelic Athletic Association club located in the Muckalee and Ballyfoyle areas of County Kilkenny, Ireland. The club was primarily concerned with the game of hurling.

## History

The Muckalee/Ballyfoyle Rangers club was formed in 1971. The new club claimed the Kilkenny JHC title after a defeat of Mullinavat in 1974. It gained a second promotion just a year later when senior status was secured by winning the Kilkenny IHC. Muckalee/Ballyfoyle Rangers's time in the top flight saw them lose the 1980 SHC final to Ballyhale Shamrocks. Muckalee/Ballyfoyle Rangers amalgamated with the Coon club in 1982, resulting in the creation of the St. Martin's club.

## Honours

## Notable players

## InfoBox

Muckalee/Ballyfoyle Rangers
| *Maigh Coillí/Raonaithe Bhaile an Phoill* | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded: | 1971 |
| County: | Kilkenny |
| Colours: | Red and white |
| Grounds: | Muckalee |
| Playing kits | |
|  | |
| Senior Club Championships | |
| All Ireland Leinster
champions Kilkenny
champions  Hurling: | |


title: Mount Vernon House, Hampstead

abstract: Mount Vernon House is a house in Hampstead in the London Borough of Camden. It has been listed Grade II on the National Heritage List for England (NHLE) since May 1974. The garden wall is separately listed at Grade II. The house was built around 1726 and was altered in the early 19th century. It is rendered in stucco with a mansard roof. The house occupies the site of a windmill. It was constructed between 1725 and 1728 by a local Hampstead timbersmith, William Knight. The surgeon William Peirce lived at the house in the 1770s. General Charles Vernon leased the house from 1781 to 1800. The landscape painter Edmund John Niemann lived at Mount Vernon house in the 1850s. It was the residence of a Captain J.T. Campbell in the 1860s. Mount Vernon House was the residence of the Hospital Secretary of Mount Vernon Hospital from 1903 and subsequently served as the hospital's Nurses' Home. The tenure of the physician Henry Dale at the house is marked by a Greater London Council blue plaque erected in 1981 on the garden wall of the house. Dale and his wife, Elen, lived at the house from 1919 to 1942 and entertained many fellow scientists and researchers at the house including Charles Best and his wife Margaret. Margaret Best attended a dinner at the house during the war with other partners of scientists including Margaret, the wife of A.V. Hill, and Gertrude, the wife of William Bayliss. In his Companion Guide to Outer London Simon Jenkins wrote that Mount Vernon House shares "with most of Hampstead's better mansions the characteristic of hiding behind both a high wall and a thick coating of ivy". The London: North edition of the Pevsner Architectural Guides also describes the house as "well hidden". The house was restored and once again became a private house with the residential conversion of the Mount Vernon Hospital site by property developers Marylebone Warwick Balfour and Sincere.

text:
# Mount Vernon House, Hampstead

**Mount Vernon House** (originally **Windmill Hill House**) is a house in Hampstead in the London Borough of Camden. It has been listed Grade II on the National Heritage List for England (NHLE) since May 1974. The garden wall is separately listed at Grade II. The house was built around 1726 and was altered in the early 19th century. It is rendered in stucco with a mansard roof. The house occupies the site of a windmill. It was constructed between 1725 and 1728 by a local Hampstead timbersmith, William Knight.

The surgeon William Peirce lived at the house in the 1770s. General Charles Vernon leased the house from 1781 to 1800. The landscape painter Edmund John Niemann lived at Mount Vernon house in the 1850s. It was the residence of a Captain J.T. Campbell in the 1860s.

Mount Vernon House was the residence of the Hospital Secretary of Mount Vernon Hospital from 1903 and subsequently served as the hospital's Nurses' Home.

The tenure of the physician Henry Dale at the house is marked by a Greater London Council blue plaque erected in 1981 on the garden wall of the house. Dale and his wife, Elen, lived at the house from 1919 to 1942 and entertained many fellow scientists and researchers at the house including Charles Best and his wife Margaret. Margaret Best attended a dinner at the house during the war with other partners of scientists including Margaret, the wife of A.V. Hill, and Gertrude, the wife of William Bayliss.

In his *Companion Guide to Outer London* Simon Jenkins wrote that Mount Vernon House shares "with most of Hampstead's better mansions the characteristic of hiding behind both a high wall and a thick coating of ivy". The *London: North* edition of the Pevsner Architectural Guides also describes the house as "well hidden".

The house was restored and once again became a private house with the residential conversion of the Mount Vernon Hospital site by property developers Marylebone Warwick Balfour and Sincere.

51°33′25″N 0°10′48″W / 51.557°N 0.180°W / 51.557; -0.180


title: Mościska, Chełm County

abstract: Mościska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dorohusk, within Chełm County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south of Dorohusk, 25 km (16 mi) east of Chełm, and 90 km (56 mi) east of the regional capital Lublin.

text:
# Mościska, Chełm County

**Mościska** \[mɔɕˈt͡ɕiska\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dorohusk, within Chełm County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south of Dorohusk, 25 km (16 mi) east of Chełm, and 90 km (56 mi) east of the regional capital Lublin.

## InfoBox

| Mościska | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Mościska | |
| Coordinates: 51°5′39″N 23°49′28″E / 51.09417°N 23.82444°E / 51.09417; 23.82444 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Chełm |
| Gmina | Dorohusk |
| Population | |
| Total | 60 |


title: Moście Błota

abstract: Moście Błota is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Puck, within Puck County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south of Puck and 35 km (22 mi) north-west of the regional capital Gdańsk. For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

text:
# Moście Błota

**Moście Błota** \[ˈmɔɕt͡ɕɛ ˈbwɔta\] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Puck, within Puck County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south of Puck and 35 km (22 mi) north-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

## InfoBox

| Moście Błota | |
| --- | --- |
| Settlement | |
| Moście Błota | |
| Coordinates: 54°38′42″N 18°23′51″E / 54.64500°N 18.39750°E / 54.64500; 18.39750 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Pomeranian |
| County | Puck |
| Gmina | Puck |
| Population | 101 |


title: Mountain View Alternative High School

abstract: Mountain View Alternative High School is a public alternative high school in the unincorporated community of Centreville, Virginia, United States. It is part of Fairfax County Public Schools. Mountain View is one of two alternative high schools operated by Fairfax County Public Schools and offers programs for students who require a nontraditional educational setting. The school is accredited through the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools as a special purpose high school in the Commonwealth of Virginia.

text:
# Mountain View Alternative High School

**Mountain View Alternative High School** is a public alternative high school in the unincorporated community of Centreville, Virginia, United States. It is part of Fairfax County Public Schools.

Mountain View is one of two alternative high schools operated by Fairfax County Public Schools and offers programs for students who require a nontraditional educational setting.

The school is accredited through the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools as a special purpose high school in the Commonwealth of Virginia.

## Student population

The school's student population consists of minors and adults, including students who may be pregnant or parenting, students for whom English is a second language, students who are returning to school after having had their education interrupted by life events, students who wish to accelerate their high school education, and students who have been administratively placed. The school is not intended for students with severe disciplinary problems.

## History

Mountain View Alternative High School was established in 1995. It occupies a building that was formerly used as Centreville Elementary School.

## InfoBox

| Mountain View Alternative High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
|  | |
| 5775 Spindle Court
Centreville, Virginia
United States | |
| Coordinates | 38°50′15″N 77°25′32″W / 38.83750°N 77.42556°W / 38.83750; -77.42556 |
| Information | |
| Type | Public |
| Motto | Family, Love, Respect |
| Established | 1995 |
| School district | Fairfax County Public Schools |
| Principal | Joseph Thompson |
| Faculty | 25.0 |
| Grades | 9 to 12 |
| Enrollment | 226 (2014-15) |
| Color(s) | Green and gold |
| Slogan | Family, Love, Respect |
| Mascot | Timber wolf |
| Newspaper | *The Mountain View Mirror* |
| Website | fcps.edu/MountainViewS |


title: Muhammad Hasan

abstract: Muhammad Hasan was a Prince in the Afghanistani House of Barakzai.

text:
# Muhammad Hasan

**Muhammad Hasan** (born 1902, date of death unknown) was a Prince in the Afghanistani House of Barakzai.

## Biography

Prince Hasan born in 1902 and was the third son of General HRH Sardar Muhammad 'Umar Khan and his fourth wife, Bibi Daulat.

Prince Hasan served as Aide-de-Camp to King Amānullāh Khān during the period 1926-1927 and as Court Chamberlain during the period 1927-1928. In October 1927, he married Princess Razia, a younger daughter of King Habibullah Khan. They had one son (Prince Abdullah Hasan, b. February 1929) and one daughter (Princess Halima Hasan, b 4 June 1939).

He entered into exile in Italy in 1929 as a result of the successful rebellion against the King led by Habibullāh Kalakāni. With his wife, he founded the Rome Mosque. He died in Rome, Italy.

## Honours

| Year | Award |
| --- | --- |
| 1926 | Granted the title of Sardar-i-'Ala |
|  | 1st class of the (Afghan) Order of the Leader |
| 1927 | Grand Cross of the (Egyptian) Order of Ismail |
| 1928 | Knight Grand Cross of the (Italian) Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus |
| 1928 | Grand Cross of the (Belgian) Order of Leopold II |
| 1928 | Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the (British) Royal Victorian Order |
| 1928 | Grand Cross of the (Polish) Order of Polonia Restituta |
| 1928 | Knight Commander of the (Iranian) Order of the Crown |
| 1928 | Grand Officier of the (French) Légion d'honneur |
|

## InfoBox

| Muhammad Hasan | |
| --- | --- |
| *Sardar-i-'Ala (Prince) of Afghanistan* | |
| Born | 1902 |
| Died | Rome, Italy |
| Spouse | Razia Begum |
| Issue | Prince Abdullah Hasan<br>Princess Halima Hasan |
| House | Barakzai |
| Father | Muhammad 'Umar Khan |
| Mother | Bibi Daulat |


title: Mouriri completens

abstract: Mouriri completens is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is found in Colombia and Panama.

text:
# Mouriri completens

***Mouriri completens*** is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is found in Colombia and Panama.

## InfoBox

| *Mouriri completens* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Endangered  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Melastomataceae |
| Genus: | *Mouriri* |
| Species: | ***M. completens*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mouriri completens***
(Pitt.) Burret | |
|


title: Mouriri panamensis

abstract: Mouriri panamensis is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is found in Colombia and Panama. It is threatened by habitat loss.

text:
# Mouriri panamensis

***Mouriri panamensis*** is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is found in Colombia and Panama. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| *Mouriri panamensis* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Melastomataceae |
| Genus: | *Mouriri* |
| Species: | ***M. panamensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mouriri panamensis***
Morley | |
|


title: Muayyed Nureddin

abstract: Muayyed Nureddin is an Iraqi-born Canadian geologist who was imprisoned and tortured in Syria after being arrested in December 2003. After a public inquiry in 2008 and then pursuing a civil litigation for nearly ten years, in July 2017, Nureddin and two other torture victims settled their claims with the Canadian government.

text:
# Muayyed Nureddin

**Muayyed Nureddin** (مؤيد نورالدين) is an Iraqi-born Canadian geologist who was imprisoned and tortured in Syria after being arrested in December 2003. After a public inquiry in 2008 and then pursuing a civil litigation for nearly ten years, in July 2017, Nureddin and two other torture victims settled their claims with the Canadian government.

## Life

Muayyed Nureddin was born in Iraq, and worked as a geologist in Canada after migrating there.

In 1996, Nureddin offered to drive Mahmoud Jaballah, a new Egyptian immigrant, around the city if necessary, as he was a newcomer without transportation, but the two never became friends.

Nureddin was approached by the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) in 2000, and interviewed.

On September 16, 2003, Nureddin boarded his flight at Pearson International Airport towards Amsterdam, intending to travel from there on to Iraq to visit family. He was questioned by a pair of CSIS officials for 45 minutes prior to departure, and asked about the amount of money he was carrying with him, and whether he knew Aly Hindy, Hassan Farhat or Subghat Allah Rasul. He flew to Amsterdam, and then to Iraq, without incident.

## Arrest and imprisonment

On December 11, 2003, Nureddin left Iraq towards Damascus, Syria where he had booked a flight home to Toronto. However he was detained at the border and turned over to Syrian Military Intelligence. It was at their hands that he claims to have been tortured and beaten with cables, and asked the same questions that CSIS had asked him in Toronto. His experience was similar to that of Maher Arar.

On January 13, 2004, Nureddin was released and met by the Canadian consul in Syria, Leo Martel, who was waiting in the offices of Syrian General Khalil. Nureddin met with the Canadian ambassador, and was flown home by Martel the following day; and was questioned by Martel about what had happened in the prison. He was later questioned again by CSIS agents Mike Boehm and Ian Ferguson.

## Inquiry

Nureddin reported being beaten and interrogated about his connection to a Toronto Islamic school, and called for a public inquiry into the role of Canadian officials in his detention.

In 2006 the Canadian government initiated an independent inquiry to determine the facts leading to his detention in Syria. As of 9 January 2008, the Commission of Inquiry continued to hear arguments about procedural matters and "standards of conduct", before starting hearings into the substantive matters of concern to the inquiry and participants. Attention was paid to the fact that Arar had already returned to Canada and denounced Canadian involvement in the Syrian prison; prior to Nureddin's being arrested and sent under identical circumstances to face the same Syrian interrogators.

Frank Iacobucci released his report in 2008 and concluded that Nurredin "suffered mistreatment amounting to torture" while in Syrian detention and that deficient information sharing by CSIS and the RCMP "likely contributed" to his detention in Syria.

On June 18, 2009, the Canadian House of Parliament voted in favour of an official apology and compensation to Almalki, el-Maati and Nureddin.

## Compensation

In July 2017, Nureddin and two other torture victims settled their claims with the Canadian government, receiving a total settlement of CA$31 million.


title: Muhammad Ali vs. Rudie Lubbers

abstract: Muhammad Ali vs. Rudie Lubbers was a professional boxing match contested on October 20, 1973, at Gelora Senayan Main Stadium, Jakarta, Indonesia.

text:
# Muhammad Ali vs. Rudie Lubbers

**Muhammad Ali vs. Rudie Lubbers** was a professional boxing match contested on October 20, 1973, at Gelora Senayan Main Stadium (now at Gelora Bung Karno Stadium), Jakarta, Indonesia.

## Background

Ali was a 4 to 1 betting favourite going into the bout.

## The fight

Ali dominated the fight and won the bout through a unanimous decision on points.

The fight is notable for the interview Ali gave to ITV commentator Reg Gutteridge during the interval between rounds, with Gutteridge leaning through the ropes of the ring. This is believed to be the only interview of its kind.

## Aftermath

Ali's next bout was a rematch against Joe Frazier.

## Undercard

Confirmed bouts:

## Broadcasting

| Country | Broadcaster |
| --- | --- |
| Mexico | Televisa |
| Philippines | KBS 9 |
| United Kingdom | ITV |
| United States | ABC |

## InfoBox

Muhammad Ali vs. Rudie Lubbers
| Date | October 20, 1973 |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Gelora Senayan Main Stadium, Jakarta, Indonesia |
| Tale of the tape | |
| Boxer  Muhammad Ali  Rudie Lubbers  Nickname  "The Greatest"   Hometown Louisville, Kentucky, U.S. Heerhugowaard, North Holland, Netherlands  Pre-fight record  42–2 (32 KO)  21–1 (11 KO)  Age  31 years, 9 months  28 years, 2 months  Height  6 ft 3 in (191 cm)  6 ft 0 in (183 cm)  Weight 217+12 lb (99 kg)  196 lb (89 kg)  Style  Orthodox  Orthodox  Recognition  Former undisputed heavyweight champion  Dutch heavyweight champion | |
| Result | |
| Ali defeated Lubbers via 12th round Unanimous Decision | |


title: Multistable auditory perception

abstract: Multistable auditory perception is a cognitive phenomenon in which certain auditory stimuli can be perceived in multiple ways. While multistable perception has been most commonly studied in the visual domain, it also has been observed in the auditory and olfactory modalities. In the olfactory domain, different scents are piped to the two nostrils, while in the auditory domain, researchers often examine the effects of binaural sequences of pure tones. Generally speaking, multistable perception has three main characteristics: exclusivity, implying that the multiple perceptions cannot simultaneously occur; randomness, indicating that the duration of perceptual phases follows a random law, and inevitability, meaning that subjects are unable to completely block out one percept indefinitely.

text:
# Multistable auditory perception

**Multistable auditory perception** is a cognitive phenomenon in which certain auditory stimuli can be perceived in multiple ways. While multistable perception has been most commonly studied in the visual domain, it also has been observed in the auditory and olfactory modalities. In the olfactory domain, different scents are piped to the two nostrils, while in the auditory domain, researchers often examine the effects of binaural sequences of pure tones. Generally speaking, multistable perception has three main characteristics: exclusivity, implying that the multiple perceptions cannot simultaneously occur; randomness, indicating that the duration of perceptual phases follows a random law, and inevitability, meaning that subjects are unable to completely block out one percept indefinitely.

## History

While binocular rivalry has been studied since the 16th century, the study of multistable auditory perception is relatively new. Diana Deutsch was the first to discover multistability in human auditory perception, in the form of auditory illusions involving periodically oscillating tones.

## Experimental Findings

Different experimental paradigms have since been used to study multistable perception in the auditory modality. One is auditory stream segregation, in which two different frequencies are presented in a temporal pattern. Listeners experience alternating percepts: one percept is of a single stream fluctuating between frequencies, and the alternative percept is of two separate streams repeating single frequencies each.

Other experimental findings demonstrate the verbal transformation effect. In this paradigm, the input is a speech form repeated rapidly and continuously. The alternating percepts here are words—for example, continuous repetition of the word “life” results in the bistability of “life” and “fly.” Prefrontal activation is implicated with such fluctuations in percept, and not with changes in the physical stimulus, and there is also a possible inverse relationship between left inferior frontal and cingulate activation involved in this percept alternation.

## Principles of Perceptual Bistability

The temporal dynamics observed in auditory stream segregation are similar to those of bistable visual perception, suggesting that the mechanisms mediating multistable perception, the alternating dominance and suppression of multiple competing interpretations of ambiguous sensory input, might be shared across modalities. Pressnitzer and Hupe analyzed results of an auditory streaming experiment and demonstrated that the perceptual experience that occurred exhibited all three properties of multistable perception found in the visual modality—exclusivity, randomness, and inevitability.

Exclusivity was satisfied, as there was “spontaneous alternation between mutually exclusive percepts,” and very little time was spent in an “indeterminate” experience. Randomness also characterized the phenomenon, as the first phase of perception is longer in duration than subsequent phases, and then the “steady-state of the temporal dynamics of auditory streaming is purely stochastic with no long-term trend.” Lastly, the percept alternation was inevitable; even though volitional control did reduce suppression of the specified percept, it did not exclude perception of the alternative percept altogether. These similarities between perceptual bistability in the visual and auditory modalities raise the possibility of a common mechanism governing the phenomenon. In Pressnitzer and Hupe's subjects, the distributions of phase durations in the two modalities were not significantly different, and it has been speculated that the intraparietal sulcus, likely involved in crossmodal integration, could be responsible for bistability in both domains. However, the absence of subject-specific biases across the modalities contradicts the notion that a “single top-down selection mechanism were the sole determinant of the auditory and visual bistability.” This observation, along with evidence of neural correlates at different stages of processing, instead suggests that competition is distributed and “based on adaptation and mutual inhibition, at multiple neural processing stages.”

## Neural Correlates

### Place model

When using a two stream tone test, specific populations of neurons activate, known as the place model. Event related potential (ERP) amplitude increases when the difference of the frequency of the two tones increase. This model hypothesizes that when this is happening, the distance between the two populations of neurons increase, so that the two populations will interact less with each other, allowing for easier tone segregation.

### fMRI results

FMRI has been used to measure the correlation between listening to alternating tones compared to single stream of tones. The posterior regions of the left auditory cortex were modulated by the alternating tones, indicating that there may be areas of the brains responsible for stream segregation.

## Theoretical View

### Sequential grouping

A problem of large behavioral importance is the question of how to group auditory stimuli. When a continuous stream of auditory information is received, numerous alternative interpretations are possible, but individuals are only consciously aware of one percept at a time. For this to occur, the auditory system must segregate and group incoming sounds, the goal being to “construct, modify, and maintain dynamic representations of putative objects within its environment”. It has been suggested that this process of binding sound events into groups is driven by different levels of similarities. One principle for binding is based on the perceptual similarity between individual events. Sounds that share many or all of their acoustic features are more likely to have been emitted by the same source, and thus are more likely to be linked to form a “proto-object”. The other principle for binding is based on the sequential predictability of sound events. If events reliably follow each other, it is also more likely that they have a common underlying cause.

### Competition

A theory explaining the alternation of auditory percepts is that different interpretations are neurally represented simultaneously, but all but the dominant one at the time are suppressed. This idea of competition among parallel hypotheses might provide an explanation for the temporal dynamics observed in auditory stream segregation. The initial perceptual phase is held longer than the subsequent ones, “with the duration of the first phase being stimulus-parameter dependent and an order of magnitude longer in duration than parameter-independent subsequent phases”. At stimulus onset, the first percept might be that which is easiest to discover, based on featural proximity (and thus stimulus-parameter dependent), and it is held for relatively longer because time is required for other hypotheses to form. As more sensory information is received and processed, the “neural associations underlying the alternative sound organizations become strong and start to vie for dominance” and “the probabilities of perceiving different organizations tend to become more balanced with time”.


title: Mufindi

abstract: Mufindi is a town in Mufindi District in the Iringa Region of the Tanzanian Southern Highlands. It is located in the Boma/Mafinga ward. As of 2002, the population of the town was about 5,000.

text:
# Mufindi

**Mufindi** is a town in Mufindi District in the Iringa Region of the Tanzanian Southern Highlands. It is located in the Boma/Mafinga ward. As of 2002, the population of the town was about 5,000.

## InfoBox

| Mufindi | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| MufindiLocation in Tanzania | |
| Coordinates: 08°35′40″S 035°17′20″E / 8.59444°S 35.28889°E / -8.59444; 35.28889 | |
| Country | Tanzania |
| Region | Iringa Region |
| District | Mufindi District |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (EAT) |
| UFI | -2570450 |
| Climate | Cwb |


title: Multiphase heat transfer

text:
# Multiphase heat transfer

A multiphase flow system is one characterized by the simultaneous presence of several phases, the two-phase system being the simplest case. The term ‘two-component’ is sometimes used to describe flows in which the phases consist of different chemical substances. However, since the same mathematics describes two-phase and two-component flows, the two expressions can be treated as synonymous.

Analysis of multiphase systems can include consideration of multiphase flow and multiphase heat transfer. The former occurs only if all parts are at the same temperature, but interphase heat transfer also occurs when the temperatures of the individual phases are different.

If different phases of the same pure substance are present in a multiphase system, interphase heat transfer will result in a change of phase, which is always accompanied by interphase mass transfer.

## Definitions

A multiphase flow system is one characterized by the simultaneous presence of several phases, the two-phase system being the simplest case. The term ‘two-component’ is sometimes used to describe flows in which the phases consist of different chemical substances. For example, steam-water flows are two-phase, while air-water flows are two-component. Some two-component flows (mostly liquid-liquid) technically consist of a single phase but are identified as two-phase flows in which the term “phase” is applied to each of the components. Since the same mathematics describes two-phase and two-component flows, the two expressions can be treated as synonymous.

## Multiphase flow versus heat transfer

The analysis of multiphase systems can include consideration of multiphase flow and multiphase heat transfer. When all of the phases in a multiphase system exist at the same temperature, multiphase flow is the only concern. However, when the temperatures of the individual phases are different, interphase heat transfer also occurs.

## Phase-change heat transfer

If different phases of the same pure substance are present in a multiphase system, interphase heat transfer will result in a change of phase, which is always accompanied by interphase mass transfer. The combination of heat transfer with mass transfer during phase change makes multiphase systems distinctly more challenging than simpler systems. Based on the phases that are involved in the system, phase change problems can be classified as: (1) solid–liquid phase change (melting and solidification), (2) solid–vapor phase change (sublimation and deposition), and (3) liquid–vapor phase change (boiling/evaporation and condensation). Melting and sublimation are also referred to as fluidification because both liquid and vapor are regarded as fluids.

* Faghri, A., and Zhang, Y., 2020, *Fundamentals of Multiphase Heat Transfer and Flow*, ISBN 978-3-030-22136-2, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
* Faghri, A., and Zhang, Y., 2006, Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems, ISBN 0-12-370610-6, Elsevier, Burlington, MA.
* Lock, G.S.H., 1994, Latent Heat Transfer, Oxford Science Publications, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.


title: Multiphase topology optimisation

abstract: The Multi Phase Topology Optimisation is a simulation technique based on the principle of the finite element method which is able to determine the optimal distribution of two or more different materials in combination under thermal and mechanical loads. The objective of optimization is to minimize the component's elastic energy. Conventional topology optimisation methods which simulate adaptive bone mineralization have the disadvantage that there is a continuous change of mass by the growth process. However, MPTO keeps all initial material concentrations and uses methods adapted for molecular dynamics to find energy minimum. Applying MPTO to Mechanically loaded components with a high number of different material densities, the optimization results show graded and sometimes anisotropic porosity distributions which are very similar to natural bone structures. This allows the macro- and microstructure of a mechanical component in one step. This method uses the Rapid Prototyping techniques, 3D printing and selective laser sintering to produce very stiff, light weight components with graded porosities calculated by MPTO.

text:
# Multiphase topology optimisation

The **Multi Phase Topology Optimisation** is a simulation technique based on the principle of the finite element method which is able to determine the optimal distribution of two or more different materials in combination under thermal and mechanical loads.

The objective of optimization is to minimize the component's elastic energy. Conventional topology optimisation methods which simulate adaptive bone mineralization have the disadvantage that there is a continuous change of mass by the growth process. However, MPTO keeps all initial material concentrations and uses methods adapted for molecular dynamics to find energy minimum. Applying MPTO to Mechanically loaded components with a high number of different material densities, the optimization results show graded and sometimes anisotropic porosity distributions which are very similar to natural bone structures. This allows the macro- and microstructure of a mechanical component in one step. This method uses the Rapid Prototyping techniques, 3D printing and selective laser sintering to produce very stiff, light weight components with graded porosities calculated by MPTO.

* Burblies and Busse, Andreas and Matthias (2006). "Computer Based Porosity Design by Multi Phase Topology Optimization". Fraunhofer - IFAM. Retrieved 2008-01-30.


title: Muselli collection

abstract: The Muselli collection was one of the most notable art collections in 18th century Italy and - with the Gusti and Curtoni collections - a highlight of modern collecting in Verona.

text:
# Muselli collection

The **Muselli collection** was one of the most notable art collections in 18th century Italy and - with the Gusti and Curtoni collections - a highlight of modern collecting in Verona.

## History

Giacomo Muselli (1569-1641) came from a family of merchants and enjoyed an exceptionally secure economic status. He lived in the Bra district of Verona and appeared in the 1614 census aged 45. In the 1616 assessment he was rated in the top tax bracket. It is unclear when he began collecting, but in only a few decades he gathered around 150 high quality small and medium sized works. He remained attached to his collection, refusing to sell it to Francesco I d'Este and adding a provision in his will banning his children from lending works or having copies made of them.

The collection included several works by Renaissance artists from Venice or of Venetian descent such as Veronese, Titian, Giovanni Bellini and Moretto da Brescia, along with works by 16th century German, Flemish and Dutch artists such as Civetta and Lucas Cranach the Elder) and the 17th century Veronese school. Alessandro Turchi works on canvas and touchstone were particularly strongly represented. It also included a small but important collection of drawings and prints, along with a bas-relief of *The Judgement of Solomon* by Giammaria Mosca (Louvre). The drawings included *Man with a Pregnant Bitch* by Parmigianino (a possible self-portrait) and  *Fall of Phaeton* by Michelangelo (British Museum), acquired in Verona from the French banker and collector Pierre Crozat and on his death passing to the major drawings expert Pierre-Jean Mariette.

The collection as a whole became an unmissable attraction for noblemen and artists who mentioned it in travel diaries and other works such as “Maraviglie dell'arte” (1648) by Carlo Ridolfi and “Microcosmo della pittura” (1657) by Francesco Scannelli. Giacomo senior's two sons Cristoforo and Giovan Francesco kept the collection together in Verona in the face of much interest from potential Italian and foreign buyers such as Alfonso IV d'Este and his uncle Cesare d'Este (Francesco I's younger brother), perhaps more for its growing economic value than for family reasons or artistic appreciation.

Of Cristoforo's three sons Girolamo, Giacomo and Paolo, it would be Giacomo and Paolo who finally sold the collection in 1685-1687 to Jean-Baptiste Colbert marquess of Seignelay (1651-1690), eldest son of Louis XIV's controller of finances Jean-Baptiste Colbert, with the French merchant Louis Alvarez and the painter Jean-Baptiste Forest acting as middlemen. On arrival in Paris the collection was split up into small lots and re-sold to Parisian collections such as that of Pierre Crozat, before soon moving onto Russian, German, Dutch and British collections. 17th-century Paris was an important market for the European art market in general and the dispersal of Veronese collections in particular.

## Selected works with current locations

## Bibliography


title: Mambo (dance)

abstract: Mambo is a Latin dance of Cuba which was developed in the 1940s when the music genre of the same name became popular throughout Latin America. The original ballroom dance which emerged in Cuba and Mexico was related to the danzón, albeit faster and less rigid. In the United States, it replaced rhumba as the most fashionable Latin dance. Later on, with the advent of salsa and its more sophisticated dance, a new type of mambo dance including breaking steps was popularized in New York. This form received the name of "salsa on 2", "mambo on 2" or "modern mambo".

text:
# Mambo (dance)

**Mambo** is a Latin dance of Cuba which was developed in the 1940s when the music genre of the same name became popular throughout Latin America. The original ballroom dance which emerged in Cuba and Mexico was related to the danzón, albeit faster and less rigid. In the United States, it replaced rhumba as the most fashionable Latin dance. Later on, with the advent of salsa and its more sophisticated dance, a new type of mambo dance including breaking steps was popularized in New York. This form received the name of "salsa on 2", "mambo on 2" or "modern mambo".

## History

### Origins

In the mid-1940s, bandleaders devised a dance for a new form of music known as mambo, taking its name from the 1938 song *Mambo*, a charanga composed by Orestes Lopez which had popularized a new form of danzon which later was known as danzon mambo. This style was a syncopated, less rigid form of the danzón which allowed the dancers to more freely express themselves during the last section, known as the mambo section.

From Havana Pérez Prado moved his music to Mexico, where his music and the dance were adopted. The original mambo dance was characterized by freedom and complicated foot-steps. This style was prominent in the Rumberas films. Popular dancers of the era include Ninon Sevilla, Maria Antonieta Pons, Tongolele, Meche Barba, and Resortes.

### Americanisation

The mambo dance that was spearheaded by Pérez Prado and was popular in the 1940s and 1950s in Cuba, Mexico, and New York is completely different from the modern dance that New Yorkers now call "mambo" and which is also known as salsa "on 2". The original mambo dance contains no breaking steps or basic steps at all. The Cuban dance was not accepted by many professional dance teachers. Cuban dancers would describe mambo as "feeling the music", in which sound and movement were merged through the body. Professional dance teachers in the US saw this approach to dancing as "extreme", "undisciplined", and thus deemed it necessary to standardize the dance to present it as a salable commodity for the social and ballroom market.

In the 1940s, Puerto Rican dancer Pedro Aguilar, known as "Cuban Pete", and his wife became popular as the top mambo dancers of the time, dancing regularly at The Palladium in NY. "Cuban Pete" was named "the greatest Mambo dancer ever" by *Life* magazine and the legendary Tito Puente. Pedro Aguilar was also nicknamed *el cuchillo* ("The knife") for his mambo dance style.

The modern mambo dance from New York was popularized in the late 1960s into the 1970s by George Vascones, president of a dance group known as the Latin Symbolics, from the Bronx, New York. George Vascones continued the mambo dance tradition which started two decades earlier during the "Palladium era". It was followed in the 1980s by Eddie Torres, Angel Rodriguez of RazzM'Tazz Mambo Dance Company, and others, many of whom were 2nd generation New York Puerto Ricans. This style is sometimes danced to mambo music, but more often to salsa dura (old-school salsa). It is termed "mambo on 2" because the break, or direction change, in the basic step occurs on count 2. The Eddie Torres and Razz M'Tazz schools each have different basic steps, even though they share this same basic feature. Eddie Torres describes his version as a "street" style he developed out of what he saw on the Bronx streets. The RazzM'Tazz version is closer to the Palladium Mambo (from the Palladium ballroom in the 1950s), whose basic step was in turn derived from Cuban son, with which it shares its timing (234 - 678, with pauses on 1 and 5) both styles derived from the American Mambo with the freestyle steps based on jazz and tap steps.


title: Melani Cammett

abstract: Melani Claire Cammett is an American political scientist; she is currently the Clarence Dillon Professor of International Affairs in the Department of Government at Harvard University and the Director of the university's Weatherhead Center for International Affairs. She holds a secondary appointment in the Department of Global Health and Population at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Cammett's research focuses on ethnoreligious violence and the politics of development, particularly in the Middle East.

text:
# Melani Cammett

**Melani Claire Cammett** (born 1969) is an American political scientist; she is currently the Clarence Dillon Professor of International Affairs in the Department of Government at Harvard University and the Director of the university's Weatherhead Center for International Affairs. She holds a secondary appointment in the Department of Global Health and Population at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Cammett's research focuses on ethnoreligious violence and the politics of development, particularly in the Middle East.

## Education

Cammett received a Bachelor of Arts from Brown University in 1991. She completed a Master of Arts degree in International Relations at The Fletcher School at Tufts University in 1994. Cammett completed her doctoral work in political science at the University of California, Berkeley earning an M.A in 1996 and a Ph.D. in 2002.

## Career

Between 2002 and 2017, Cammett taught political economy and political science at Brown University. From 2012 to 2017, she was affiliated with the Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs as a faculty fellow. She served as Director of the Watson Institute's Middle East Studies Program between 2009 and 2012. In 2014, Cammett's book *Compassionate Communalism: Welfare and Sectarianism in Lebanon* was included on Marc Lynch's list of best Middle East political science books of 2014 published in *The Washington Post*.

In 2017, Cammett was appointed Clarence Dillon Professor of International Affairs at Harvard University. She has directed the university's Weatherhead Center for International Affairs since July 2021, when she succeeded Michèle Lamont. As of 2021, Cammett is a member of the advisory boards for the Center for Strategic and International Studies, Century International, and Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies.

## Family

In recognition of her father John McKay Cammett's contributions to the development of John Jay College, with the rest of his family she established *The John Cammett Social Change and Economic Justice Academic Award* in his honor.

## Publications

* *Globalization and Business Politics in Arab North Africa*. Cambridge University Press. 2007. ISBN 9780521869508.
* *The Political Economy of the Arab Uprisings*. Westview Press. 2013. ISBN 9780813349442; with Ishac Diwan
* *Compassionate Communalism: Welfare and Sectarianism in Lebanon*. Cornell University Press. 2014. ISBN 9780801478932.
* *The Politics of Non-State Social Welfare*. Cornell University Press. 2014. ISBN 9780801479281.; edited with Lauren M. MacLean
* *A Political Economy of the Middle East* (4 ed.). Westview Press. 2015. ISBN 9780813349381; with Ishac Diwan, Alan Richards, and John Waterbury

## InfoBox

| Melani Cammett | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1969 (age 5455) |
| Title | Clarence Dillon Professor of International Affairs |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Education |  |
| Academic work | |
| Institutions |  |
|  | |


title: William Gaines (professor)

abstract: William C. Gaines was an American journalist and professor of journalism. Gaines was a Pulitzer Prize-winning investigative reporter for the Chicago Tribune. He retired from the paper in 2001 and taught in the Department of Journalism at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign until his retirement and designation as an emeritus faculty member in 2007. He died on July 20, 2016, at the age of 82.

text:
# William Gaines (professor)

**William C. Gaines** (November 1, 1933 – July 20, 2016) was an American journalist and professor of journalism. Gaines was a Pulitzer Prize-winning investigative reporter for the *Chicago Tribune*. He retired from the paper in 2001 and taught in the Department of Journalism at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign until his retirement and designation as an emeritus faculty member in 2007. He died on July 20, 2016, at the age of 82.

## Early life and career

Gaines earned a bachelor's degree in broadcasting at Butler University in 1956. He served two years in the United States Army working for Armed Forces Radio in Germany. In 1963, he became a reporter for the *Chicago Tribune*, and then became an investigative reporter in 1974. From 1975 to 1999, Gaines taught an investigative reporting course each semester at Columbia College in Chicago. He was named to the Knight Chair in Journalism at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 2001, a post he held until he retired in 2007.

## Pulitzer Prize

Gaines' first Pulitzer Prize came in 1976 as a member of an investigative team at the Tribune looking into unsafe medical practices at some Chicago hospitals.

In 1988, Gaines and colleagues Dean Baquet and Ann Marie Lipinski won the Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting for a series on the self-interest and waste that plagued the Chicago City Council.

Gaines was nominated in 1979 for a series about the problems of the elderly. Gaines and David Jackson were nominated in 1996 for stories that probed questionable business dealings of the Nation of Islam.

## Watergate informant "uncovered"

Gaines led a study with several of his students in 2003 to determine the identity of Watergate informant Deep Throat. Soon after the study, he set up a website, about the way in which he "uncovered" one of the great enduring mysteries of modern U.S. Politics.

He came to the conclusion that Fred F. Fielding, a former senior partner at Wiley Rein LLP (then Wiley Rein & Fielding), a Washington, D.C. law firm, was Deep Throat. At the time of the Watergate scandal, Fielding was Associate Counsel for President Richard Nixon from 1970 to 1972, where he was the deputy to John Dean during the Watergate scandal.

On May 31, 2005, the actual Deep Throat, W. Mark Felt, acknowledged his identity in an article in *Vanity Fair*, exonerating Fielding.

On his website, Deep Throat Uncovered, Gaines has written about a confrontation with John Dean about the identity of Deep Throat:

He declined to respond to Smithsonian Magazine. John Dean has been steadfast in arguing Fielding would not have lied to him about being a source for the Post, and Dean bet Professor Gaines $100 that Gaines was wrong. Gaines took the bet.

## Publications

Gaines has written several books:

* Reich, Howard and William Gaines (2004). *Jelly's Blues: The Life, Music, and Redemption of Jelly Roll Morton*. Da Capo Press ISBN 0-306-81350-5
* Gaines, William (1998). *Investigative Reporting for Print and Broadcast* Wadsworth Publishing. ISBN 0-8304-1469-X


title: Georges Othily

abstract: Georges Othily was a French Guianese politician who was elected to the French Senate in 1989. His biography of René Jadfard, René Jadfard ou l'éclair d'une vie, was published by Éditions caribéennes in 1989.

text:
# Georges Othily

**Georges Othily** (7 January 1944 – 18 December 2017) was a French Guianese politician who was elected to the French Senate in 1989. His biography of René Jadfard, *René Jadfard ou l'éclair d'une vie,* was published by Éditions caribéennes in 1989.

## InfoBox

| Georges Othily | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Senator for French Guiana | |
| **In office**
2 October 1989  30 September 2008 | |
| Parliamentary group | SOC (1989-1992)
RDE (1992-1995))
RDSE (1995-2008)
 |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1944-01-07)7 January 1944
Cayenne, French Guiana |
| Died | 18 December 2017(2017-12-18) (aged 73)
Cayenne, French Guiana |
| Nationality | French |
| Political party | LGM |
|  | |


title: Vulcain

abstract:
Vulcain is French for Vulcan. Vulcain may refer to:
  - Vulcain, a Swiss watch manufacturer established in 1858 and inventor of the alarm complication for wristwatches
  - Vulcain, a family of European first-stage engines for the Ariane 5 and Ariane 6
  - Vulcain (ship), a number of ships named Vulcain
    - Vulcain (M611), part of the French Navy, for sweeping mines
  - Vulcain (band), a French heavy metal band
  - Vulcain Prize, full name, "Vulcain Prize of the Technical Artist", independent film award for feature films at the Cannes Film Festival official selection rewarding a technician for his collaboration in the creation of a film

text:
# Vulcain

**Vulcain** is French for **Vulcan**.

Vulcain may refer to:

* Vulcain (watch company), a Swiss watch manufacturer established in 1858 and inventor of the alarm complication for wristwatches
* Vulcain (rocket engine), a family of European first-stage engines for the Ariane 5 and Ariane 6
* Vulcain (ship), a number of ships named Vulcain
* Vulcain (band), a French heavy metal band
* Vulcain Prize, full name, "Vulcain Prize of the Technical Artist", independent film award for feature films at the Cannes Film Festival official selection rewarding a technician for his collaboration in the creation of a film


abstract: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Lincoln County, Arkansas. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Lincoln County, Arkansas, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map. There are 9 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, and one former listing.           This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.

text:
# National Register of Historic Places listings in Lincoln County, Arkansas

This is a list of the **National Register of Historic Places listings in Lincoln County, Arkansas**.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Lincoln County, Arkansas, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 9 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, and one former listing.

**Contents: Counties in Arkansas**
|  |
| --- |

*This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.*

## Current listings

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Crow House |  | June 29, 1976
(#76000426) | 7 miles southeast of Star City
33°54′00″N 91°50′58″W / 33.9000°N 91.8494°W / 33.9000; -91.8494 (Crow House) | Star City |  |
| 2 | Oscar Crow House |  | October 8, 1992
(#92001343) | 404 Washington St.
33°56′20″N 91°50′50″W / 33.938889°N 91.847222°W / 33.938889; -91.847222 (Oscar Crow House) | Star City |  |
| 3 | Cummins Prison Chapel |  | April 30, 2024
(#100010309) | 2540 Highway 388
34°03′12″N 91°35′03″W / 34.0533°N 91.5842°W / 34.0533; -91.5842 (Cummins Prison Chapel) | Grady |  |
| 4 | Lincoln County Courthouse |  | March 7, 1994
(#94000141) | 300 S. Drew St.
33°56′22″N 91°50′40″W / 33.939444°N 91.844444°W / 33.939444; -91.844444 (Lincoln County Courthouse) | Star City |  |
| 5 | Mt. Zion Presbyterian Church |  | January 21, 1988
(#87002496) | Highway 81
33°47′31″N 91°50′19″W / 33.791944°N 91.838611°W / 33.791944; -91.838611 (Mt. Zion Presbyterian Church) | Relfs Bluff |  |
| 6 | Parker House |  | June 2, 2000
(#00000607) | HC 64 Box 5
33°54′53″N 91°50′50″W / 33.914722°N 91.847222°W / 33.914722; -91.847222 (Parker House) | Star City |  |
| 7 | Rice Family Cemetery |  | May 29, 2003
(#03000464) | Junction of U.S. Route 65 and Highway 388
34°02′34″N 91°36′44″W / 34.042778°N 91.612222°W / 34.042778; -91.612222 (Rice Family Cemetery) | Varner |  |
| 8 | Star City Commercial Historic District |  | February 26, 1999
(#99000152) | Roughly along Jefferson and Bradley Sts.
33°56′30″N 91°50′44″W / 33.941667°N 91.845556°W / 33.941667; -91.845556 (Star City Commercial Historic District) | Star City |  |
| 9 | Star City Confederate Memorial |  | April 26, 1996
(#96000448) | Southwestern corner of the Star City Town Sq.
33°56′30″N 91°50′45″W / 33.941667°N 91.845833°W / 33.941667; -91.845833 (Star City Confederate Memorial) | Star City |  |

## Former listings

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Date removed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Charles Hampton Tracy House |  | January 24, 2011
(#10001156) | January 4, 2021 | 2794 Blair Rd.
34°03′05″N 91°46′42″W / 34.051389°N 91.778333°W / 34.051389; -91.778333 (Charles Hampton Tracy House) | Star City vicinity |  |


title: Moundsville, West Virginia

abstract: Moundsville is a city in and the county seat of Marshall County, West Virginia, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 8,122 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Wheeling metropolitan area. The city was named for the nearby ancient Grave Creek Mound, constructed 250 to 100 BC by indigenous people of the Adena culture.

text:
# Moundsville, West Virginia

**Moundsville** is a city in and the county seat of Marshall County, West Virginia, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 8,122 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Wheeling metropolitan area. The city was named for the nearby ancient Grave Creek Mound, constructed 250 to 100 BC by indigenous people of the Adena culture.

## History

In 1771, English colonists Samuel and James Tomlinson built a cabin at what later became Moundsville, although they did not overwinter, and in fact left for several years after attacks by Native Americans. Elizabethtown, as Tomlinson's community was called, was incorporated in 1830 and would become the county seat upon the creation of Marshall County in 1835. Nearby, the town of Mound City was incorporated in 1832. The two towns combined in 1865. In 1852 a line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad opened, connecting the eastern rail network with the Ohio and Mississippi riverboat system; Moundsville was an important port until 1861, when the Civil War shut down the river system and caused major damage to the railroad. Fostoria Glass Company (specializing in hand-blown glassworks) was headquartered in Moundsville from 1891 to 1986. The retired West Virginia State Penitentiary operated in Moundsville from 1867 to 1995. On August 4, 1927, Charles Lindbergh landed The Spirit of St. Louis at Langin Field in Moundsville.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.36 square miles (8.70 km2), of which 2.91 square miles (7.54 km2) is land and 0.45 square miles (1.17 km2) is water.

### Climate

The climate in this area is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Moundsville has a Humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

| Climate data for Moundsville, West Virginia (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1963–present) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 74
(23) | 80
(27) | 86
(30) | 92
(33) | 94
(34) | 101
(38) | 105
(41) | 102
(39) | 97
(36) | 93
(34) | 82
(28) | 78
(26) | 105
(41) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 64.0
(17.8) | 66.2
(19.0) | 75.4
(24.1) | 84.4
(29.1) | 88.7
(31.5) | 92.8
(33.8) | 94.6
(34.8) | 93.2
(34.0) | 90.9
(32.7) | 82.8
(28.2) | 74.5
(23.6) | 64.2
(17.9) | 95.7
(35.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 39.3
(4.1) | 42.7
(5.9) | 52.1
(11.2) | 65.1
(18.4) | 74.5
(23.6) | 82.2
(27.9) | 85.8
(29.9) | 84.6
(29.2) | 78.5
(25.8) | 66.7
(19.3) | 54.2
(12.3) | 43.6
(6.4) | 64.1
(17.8) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 29.5
(−1.4) | 32.0
(0.0) | 40.4
(4.7) | 51.5
(10.8) | 61.7
(16.5) | 69.9
(21.1) | 73.8
(23.2) | 72.6
(22.6) | 65.9
(18.8) | 54.2
(12.3) | 42.8
(6.0) | 34.3
(1.3) | 52.4
(11.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 19.7
(−6.8) | 21.4
(−5.9) | 28.6
(−1.9) | 38.0
(3.3) | 48.9
(9.4) | 57.5
(14.2) | 61.9
(16.6) | 60.5
(15.8) | 53.3
(11.8) | 41.6
(5.3) | 31.4
(−0.3) | 25.0
(−3.9) | 40.6
(4.8) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 1.7
(−16.8) | 6.1
(−14.4) | 14.8
(−9.6) | 26.8
(−2.9) | 36.8
(2.7) | 47.1
(8.4) | 53.7
(12.1) | 52.9
(11.6) | 43.2
(6.2) | 31.0
(−0.6) | 20.6
(−6.3) | 11.6
(−11.3) | −1.3
(−18.5) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −20
(−29) | −15
(−26) | −3
(−19) | 11
(−12) | 25
(−4) | 36
(2) | 44
(7) | 40
(4) | 31
(−1) | 18
(−8) | 6
(−14) | −11
(−24) | −20
(−29) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.77
(96) | 3.13
(80) | 3.87
(98) | 3.68
(93) | 4.47
(114) | 4.89
(124) | 4.52
(115) | 3.82
(97) | 3.88
(99) | 3.23
(82) | 3.15
(80) | 3.72
(94) | 46.13
(1,172) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 6.0
(15) | 4.7
(12) | 2.4
(6.1) | 0.1
(0.25) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.1
(0.25) | 2.5
(6.4) | 15.8
(40) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 14.2 | 11.7 | 12.3 | 14.0 | 14.1 | 12.5 | 11.1 | 10.2 | 9.6 | 10.4 | 10.9 | 13.2 | 144.2 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 4.1 | 3.1 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 2.4 | 10.8 |
| Source: NOAA | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1850 | 445 |  |  |
| 1860 | 515 |  | 15.7% |
| 1870 | 1,500 |  | 191.3% |
| 1880 | 1,774 |  | 18.3% |
| 1890 | 2,688 |  | 51.5% |
| 1900 | 5,362 |  | 99.5% |
| 1910 | 8,918 |  | 66.3% |
| 1920 | 10,669 |  | 19.6% |
| 1930 | 14,411 |  | 35.1% |
| 1940 | 14,168 |  | −1.7% |
| 1950 | 14,772 |  | 4.3% |
| 1960 | 15,163 |  | 2.6% |
| 1970 | 13,560 |  | −10.6% |
| 1980 | 12,419 |  | −8.4% |
| 1990 | 10,753 |  | −13.4% |
| 2000 | 9,998 |  | −7.0% |
| 2010 | 9,318 |  | −6.8% |
| 2020 | 8,122 |  | −12.8% |
| 2021 (est.) | 7,981 |  | −1.7% |
| U.S. Decennial Census
2014 Estimate | | | |

### 2010 census

As of the 2010 census, there were 9,318 people, 4,016 households, and 2,445 families living in the city. The population density was 3,202.1 inhabitants per square mile (1,236.3/km2). There were 4,458 housing units at an average density of 1,532.0 units per square mile (591.5 units/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 97.5% White, 0.8% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.1% of the population.

There were 4,016 households, of which 25.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.2% were married couples living together, 14.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 39.1% were non-families. 33.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.79.

The median age in the city was 45.2 years. 19.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.2% were from 25 to 44; 30.1% were from 45 to 64; and 20.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.9% male and 52.1% female.

### 2000 census

As of the 2000 census, there were 9,998 people, 4,122 households, and 2,662 families living in the city. The population density was 3,399.0 people per square mile (1,312.4 people/km2). There were 4,461 housing units at an average density of 1,516.6 units per square mile (585.6 units/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 98.13% White, 0.73% African American, 0.13% Native American, 0.30% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.10% from other races, and 0.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.16% of the population.

There were 4,122 households, out of which 25.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.7% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.4% were non-families. 31.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.84.

In the city the population was spread out, with 20.4% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 20.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $23,107, and the median income for a family was $30,534. Males had a median income of $26,242 versus $19,348 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,997. About 18.1% of families and 22.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.2% of those under age 18 and 15.5% of those age 65 or over.

## Notable people

In 2018, documentary filmmakers David Bernabo and John W. Miller released *Moundsville*, a documentary about the history of Moundsville.

*You Missed My Heart*, a song by Mark Kozelek of Sun Kil Moon and Jimmy LaValle, references a prison cemetery in Moundsville. This song has also been covered by Phoebe Bridgers.

## InfoBox

| Moundsville, West Virginia | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| Jefferson Avenue in downtown Moundsville | |
|  | |
| Location of Moundsville in Marshall County, West Virginia. | |
| Coordinates: 39°55′N 80°44′W / 39.917°N 80.733°W / 39.917; -80.733 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | West Virginia |
| County | Marshall |
| Government | |
| Type | Council-Manager |
| Mayor | Sara Wood-Shaw |
| City Manager | Richard Healy |
| Area | |
| Total | 3.36 sq mi (8.70 km2) |
| Land | 2.91 sq mi (7.53 km2) |
| Water | 0.45 sq mi (1.17 km2) |
| Elevation | 696 ft (212 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 8,122 |
| Estimate (2021) | 7,981 |
| Density | 2,400/sq mi (930/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 26041 |
| Area code | 304 |
| FIPS code | 54-56020 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1543607 |
| Website | www.cityofmoundsville.com |


title: 1966 Singapore Grand Prix

abstract: The inaugural Singapore Grand Prix was held from 9 to 11 April 1966, on the Thomson Road Grand Prix circuit. Previous editions of the Grand Prix were held before Singapore gained its independence, and were not called Singapore Grand Prix. The 1965 Malaysian Grand Prix was held on the same course, as part of the Malaysian Grand Prix event, as the 1966 Grand Prix of Singapore.

text:
# 1966 Singapore Grand Prix

The inaugural Singapore Grand Prix was held from 9 to 11 April 1966, on the Thomson Road Grand Prix circuit. Previous editions of the Grand Prix were held before Singapore gained its independence, and were not called *Singapore Grand Prix*. The 1965 Malaysian Grand Prix was held on the same course, as part of the Malaysian Grand Prix event, as the 1966 Grand Prix of Singapore.

## Results

**1966 1ST SINGAPORE GRAND PRIX** Thomson Road Grand Prix circuit

9–11 April 1966

| Singapore GP | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| MOTORCYCLE GRAND PRIX | | | 60 laps | |
| Rank | Rider | Country | Motorcycle | Time |
| 1. | Mitsuo Ito | Japan | Suzuki 125 | 2h 37min 16.6s |
|
| SPORTS CAR & GT CARS RACE | | | 15 laps | |
| Rank | Driver | Country | Car | Time |
| 1. | Lee Han Seng | Singapore | Lotus-Ford Twin Cam | 39min 13.3s |
|
| SPORTS CAR & GT CARS RACE | | | 15 laps | |
| Rank | Driver | Country | Car | Time |
| 1. | Albert Poon | Hong Kong | Lotus Cortina 1500 | 39min 13.3s |
|
| SINGAPORE GRAND PRIX | | | 60 laps | |
| Rank | Driver | Country | Car | Time |
| 1. | Lee Han Seng | Singapore | Lotus 22 | 2h 29min41.8s |
|
|

* from the MISAS (Moving Image and Sound Archives Singapore) website


title: Modular scheduling

abstract: Modular scheduling is a system of timetabling in certain high schools in the United States.

text:
# Modular scheduling

**Modular scheduling** (also known as **flex scheduling**, **flexible modular scheduling**, or **modular flex scheduling**) is a system of timetabling in certain high schools in the United States.

## History

Modular scheduling was developed by schools such as the Kent State University School in the 1960s. About 15% of American high schools implemented it in the 1960s, but since the 1970s, the practice has waned in popularity as schools have implemented block scheduling instead.

## Characteristics

Each module, or "mod" (as it known colloquially), is either a 20 or 40-minute period used for classes or independent study time. This allows freedom in scheduling as classes can be 40, 60, or 80 minutes long, as needed for one-to one, small group, large group, and laboratory instruction. Classes are taught in a similar format to many universities; students meet a large group lecture once per week and have small group recitations throughout the week. An average student has at least one or two full open mods (free periods) per day, that can be used for studying, interacting with teachers, eating lunch, or socializing.

Since modular scheduling leaves students with a relatively large amount of unstructured time outside of classes, some schools also adopt open campus policies. At Westside High School in Omaha, Nebraska, which has used a modular schedule since 1967, juniors and seniors who have met specific requirements are eligible to apply for a pass that allows them to leave the building during open mods. When Covington Catholic High School implemented a modular schedule in 1968, it also extended off-campus privileges to all students, encouraging them to visit community institutions such as libraries. However, the policy proved controversial; after a change in management, the school limited off-campus privileges to seniors in good standing.

## Specific implementations

### Ursuline modular schedule

During the 1970s, Ursuline Academy in Cincinnati switched to a modular schedule. This consists of 6 days (lettered A-F) each with 18 modules. Each mod is 20 min, with a 3 min passing time between each one added in 2004. Classes range from 2-4 modules long. Students say that the schedule works very well in helping them with time management and responsibility.

Each also has a certain number of free mods each day to eat, study, do homework, work in the library, or socialize. As the choice of classes becomes more open to each student, free mods become more abundant. A typical student would have between 21 and 40 free mods a cycle, depending on the number of classes taken.

Different schedule days are set up so that mods can be shortened, (to incorporate time for a pep rally, department meeting, etc.) but are never skipped.

### Incarnate Word High School

At the Incarnate Word High School San Antonio, Texas classes run on a modular schedule. Each day is broken down into 17 time-periods called "mods." Mods are 20 minutes long, except the lunch mods, which are 26 minutes. The schedule is on a two-week cycle. There are no bells between mods, and students are responsible for arriving to classes on time. Students and faculty also have mods without classes, called open labs, which are to be used as "study" periods. This schedule encourages personal responsibility and aids in preparation for a college schedule.

### Legacy High School

At Legacy High School in Bismarck, North Dakota, every week consists of 5 days each with their own individual schedules for staff and students which repeat the following week. Each day is broken down into twenty-two 20-minute mods during which classes take place. Normal academic classes can be between 2-4 mods ranging from 40 to 80 minutes, which are colloquially called "40s", "60s", and 80s". When students have no classes at a given time in their schedule, it is called Saber Time (after the school's mascot), during which students are expected to use the time to study, catch up on homework for classes, or eat lunch. Staff at Legacy have similar "prep time" during which they are able to prepare for upcoming classes or grade.

Legacy has an open campus policy, which allows sophomores and higher to leave the school during their Saber Time, usually to return home for rest or to get food outside of school for lunch.

## Further reading


title: Wilkinson House (Joelton, Tennessee)

abstract: Wilkinson House is a historic house in Joelton, Tennessee, USA.

text:
# Wilkinson House (Joelton, Tennessee)

**Wilkinson House** is a historic house in Joelton, Tennessee, USA.

## History

The two-story house was completed in 1932. It was designed by architect Clarence Kelley Colley in the Dutch Colonial Revival architectural style. Colley primarily designed public buildings to include the North Branch Carnegie Library in Nashville and the Perry County Courthouse. Colley also designed buildings located on university campuses, such as MTSU and Austin Peay State University, making the Wilkinson house unique as one of the few residential buildings designed by Colley. It was built in 1932 for Thomas Jefferson Wilkinson, a prominent Joelton resident. The house has served as the Kincer family residence during the last 50 years and three generations.

The interior of the house is largely intact, with few changes being made to the 1932 configuration of the rooms. The kitchen and bathrooms were updated in 1976, with both bathrooms being enlarged by expanding into the closet area of bedrooms. There are three contributing outbuildings on the property, all dating from the period of the construction of the house, the mid-1930s. Directly behind the house is a small gable front concrete-block building with asphalt shingle siding, originally used as a smokehouse and now used for storage. The Wilkinson House represents one of the few Colonial Revival houses constructed in the Joelton area in the first half of the twentieth century, and is the only known Dutch Colonial Revival house in the area. It has seen very few changes in its existence, and the property itself retains integrity as a small "gentleman's farm."

It was sold in the spring of 2018.

## Architectural significance

It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since November 29, 2006.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Wilkinson House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 7663 Wilkinson Road, Joelton, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Coordinates | 36°20′53″N 86°51′10″W / 36.3480°N 86.8528°W / 36.3480; -86.8528 |
| Area | 10 acres (4.0 ha) |
| Built | 1932 |
| Architect | Clarence Kelley Colley |
| Architectural style | Dutch Colonial Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 06001095 |
| Added to NRHP | November 29, 2006 |