title: Max Seela

abstract: Max Seela was a lieutenant colonel (Obersturmbannführer) in the Waffen-SS during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.

text:
# Max Seela

**Max Seela** (15 July 1911 – 31 July 1999) was a lieutenant colonel (*Obersturmbannführer*) in the Waffen-SS during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.

## Career

Max Seela was born in 1911 at Schöneiche near Berlin. He enlisted in *Reichswehr* (German Army) in 1929 and was then transferred into the SS-VT in 1935. His SS service number was 257,323 and his NSDAP number was 147,126. In September 1935 he joined the SS Pioneer Battalion.

By October 1939 Seela had been given command of a company in the pioneer battalion of the SS Division Totenkopf. He was awarded the Iron Cross, 2nd class, in May 1940 and the Iron Cross, 1st class, in June 1940. He took part in the invasion of the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa) and was awarded the German Cross in Gold in December 1941.

Seela was awarded the Knight's Cross in May 1942, while he was a *Hauptsturmführer* (captain) and in command of 3rd Company, SS Pioneer Battalion *Totenkopf*. Despite severe losses and meager supplies, his unit occupied the Russian village of Korowitsch (east of Staraya Russa) in the Demyansk Pocket for one month. Seela and his men prevented the village from being recaptured, denying the Soviet Army access to the crucial bridge over the Lovat River.

In July 1942, Seela was given command of the 3rd SS Pioneer Battalion *Totenkopf* until April 1944 when he was appointed commander of the II SS Panzer Corps Pioneers. He was then given command of the 19th SS Panzer Grenadier Regiment, 9th SS Panzer Division *Hohenstaufen*.

On 8 May 1945, Seela surrendered to the American forces. He died in Ratingen, at the age of 88 on 31 July 1999.

## Awards and decorations

### Bibliography

* Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) \[1986\]. *Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile* \[*The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches*\] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
* Henschler, Henri; Fey, Willi (2003). *Armor Battles of the Waffen-SS, 1943–45*. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0-8117-2905-5.
* Mitcham, Samuel W (2007). *Retreat to the Reich : the German defeat in France, 1944*. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0-8117-3384-7.
* Sydnor, Charles W. (1990). *Soldiers of Destruction: The SS Death's Head Division, 1933-1945*. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-00853-1.

## InfoBox

| Max Seela | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 15 July 1911
Schöneiche, German Empire |
| Died | 31 July 1999 (aged 88)
Ratingen, Germany |
|  | |
| SS-VT and Waffen-SS career | |
| Allegiance | Nazi Germany |
| Years of service | 1933–45 |
| Rank | lieutenant colonel (*Obersturmbannführer*) |
| Unit |  |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
| Awards | Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
German Cross in Gold |
|  | |


title: Maybe Mars

abstract: Maybe Mars is an independent record label founded in 2007. Their current catalogue includes Carsick Cars, Hiperson, P.K.14, Joyside, Snapline, SMZB, Liu Kun, Dear Eloise, among others.

text:
# Maybe Mars

**Maybe Mars** is an independent record label founded in 2007. Their current catalogue includes Carsick Cars, Hiperson, P.K.14, Joyside, Snapline, SMZB, Liu Kun, Dear Eloise, among others.

## Current Artists

## Alumni Artists

* Joyside
* Low Wormwood
* Ourself Beside Me
* The Gar
* Xiao He
* (((10)))
* Hot & Cold
* Ex-Punishment
* Muscle Snog
* 8 Eye Spy
* Liu Kun
* Guai Li
* 24 Hours
* Rustic
* Skip Skip Ben Ben
* Flyx
* Old Fashion
* Traveller
* Boyz&Girl
* Mr. Graceless
* Duck Fight Goose
* The Yours
* Proximity Butterfly

## Discography

| Catalog | Artist(s) | Title | Format | Release date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| MM1 | Joyside | Booze At Neptune's Dawn | CD | September 8, 2007 |
| MM2 | Carsick Cars | s/t | CD | September 8, 2007 |
| MM3 | Snapline | Party Is Over, Pornostar | CD | September 8, 2007 |
| MM5 | SMZB | Ten Years Rebellion | CD | June 1, 2008 |
| MM6 | Demerit | Bastards Of The Nation | CD | June 1, 2008 |
| MM7 | Proximity Butterfly | Reprieve | CD | May 1, 2011 |
| MM8 | Proximity Butterfly | Medusae | Digital Release | February 9, 2015 |
|

## InfoBox

| Maybe Mars | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 2007 |
| Founder | Michael Pettis |
| Distributor(s) | Far Out Distant Sounds |
| Genre | Various |
| Country of origin | China |
| Location | Beijing |
| Official website | Maybe Mars |


title: Maybe Monday

abstract: Maybe Monday is an American experimental electroacoustic improvisation music ensemble comprising guitarist Fred Frith, koto player Miya Masaoka and saxophonist Larry Ochs. The trio was formed in San Francisco in March 1997 when they performed in a concert at the Great American Music Hall. They have since toured the United States, Canada and Europe, and released three albums between 1999 and 2008. Their music has been described as a "delicate mesh of electric and acoustic, ethnic and urban, tradition and experiment".

text:
# Maybe Monday

**Maybe Monday** is an American experimental electroacoustic improvisation music ensemble comprising guitarist Fred Frith, koto player Miya Masaoka and saxophonist Larry Ochs. The trio was formed in San Francisco in March 1997 when they performed in a concert at the Great American Music Hall. They have since toured the United States, Canada and Europe, and released three albums between 1999 and 2008.

Their music has been described as a "delicate mesh of electric and acoustic, ethnic and urban, tradition and experiment".

## History

The idea behind Maybe Monday was Fred Frith's when he suggested to Miya Masaoka and Larry Ochs that they perform together at a concert in San Francisco in March 1997. Frith, an English multi-instrumentalist, composer and improvisor was a founding member of the English avant-rock group Henry Cow, and was currently Composer-in-Residence in the Music Department at Mills College in Oakland, California. Ochs was a founding member of the San Francisco-based Rova Saxophone Quartet, and Japanese American koto player Masaoka was currently active in jazz, Western classical music, electronic music and traditional Japanese music on the United States West Coast. Masaoka had been a student at Mills College and both Frith and Masaoka had worked with Ochs's Rova Saxophone Quartet.

After their debut performance at the Great American Music Hall, Maybe Monday went on to tour the West Coast and Chicago in 1998. A concert at Frank Lloyd Wright's Unity Temple in Chicago in July 1998 was recorded live and released in 1999 on their debut album, *Saturn's Finger*.

In 2001, Maybe Monday returned to the San Francisco Bay Area for a series of performances with guest musician Joan Jeanrenaud on cello. One of the concerts in May 2001 at Guerilla Euphorics in Oakland was recorded live and released in 2002 on their second album, *Digital Wildlife*. The same quartet appeared at the 19th Festival International de Musique Actuelle de Victoriaville in Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada in May 2002. In 2003 the original trio toured Europe, performing in Marseille, Brussels, Nancy, Bordeaux, Lille and Frankfurt.

In November 2006 Maybe Monday made their first New York City appearance at The Stone where they performed with guest musicians Ikue Mori (electronics), Zeena Parkins (harp), Carla Kihlstedt (violin) and Gerry Hemingway (percussion). This septet then went on to record the group's first studio album, *Unsquare* on November 18, 2006 at East Side Sound in New York City. It was released in January 2008 and was described by one reviewer as "a very rich recording of electro-acoustic improvisation."

## Members

### Guest musicians

## Discography

## InfoBox

| Maybe Monday | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | United States |
| Genres | Electroacoustic improvisation, experimental |
| Years active | 1997–present |
| Labels | Winter & Winter, Intakt |
|  | |
| Members |  |


title: Volvarina santiaguera

abstract: Volvarina santiaguera is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.

text:
# Volvarina santiaguera

***Volvarina santiaguera*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Caribbean Sea.

* Espinosa J.; Ortea J. (2013). Nuevas especies de la familia Marginellidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) de cuatro islas del Caribe: Cuba, Curazao, Guadalupe y Martinica. Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias. 25: 195–218.
* Espinosa J., Ortea J. & Diez Y.L. (2015). Nuevas especies del género Volvarina Hinds, 1844 (Mollusca, Neogastropoda, Marginellidae) de las regiones oriental y central de Cuba. Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias. 27: 259-284

## InfoBox

| *Volvarina santiaguera* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Marginellidae |
| Genus: | *Volvarina* |
| Species: | ***V. santiaguera*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Volvarina santiaguera***<br>Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2013 | |
|


title: Volvarina santacruzense

abstract: Volvarina santacruzense is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.

text:
# Volvarina santacruzense

***Volvarina santacruzense*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.

## Description

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Cuba, Caribbean Sea.

## InfoBox

| *Volvarina santacruzense* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Marginellidae |
| Subfamily: | Marginellinae |
| Genus: | *Volvarina* |
| Species: | ***V. santacruzense*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Volvarina santacruzense***<br>Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2017 | |
|


title: Mattia Camboni

abstract: Mattia Camboni is an Italian competitive sailor. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, in the men's RS:X. and 2020 Summer Olympics, in RS:X.

text:
# Mattia Camboni

**Mattia Camboni** (born 26 April 1996) is an Italian competitive sailor.

He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, in the men's RS:X. and 2020 Summer Olympics, in RS:X.

## InfoBox

Mattia Camboni
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Italian |
| Born | (1996-04-26) 26 April 1996<br>Civitavecchia, Italy |
| Height | 180 cm (5 ft 11 in) |
| Weight | 70 kg (154 lb) |
|  | |
| Sailing career | |
| Class(es) | RS:X, IQFOiL, Techno 293 |
| Club | Fiamme Azzurre |
|  | |
| Medal record      Men's sailing  Representing  Italy  World Championships  2021 Cádiz RS:X  European Championships  2018 Sopot RS:X  2021 Vilamoura RS:X  2017 Marseille RS:X  Mediterranean Games  2018 Tarragona RS:X | |


title: Max Wünsche

abstract: Max Wünsche was a member of the Waffen-SS of Nazi Germany and a regimental commander during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves.

text:
# Max Wünsche

**Max Wünsche** (20 April 1914 – 17 April 1995) was a member of the Waffen-SS of Nazi Germany and a regimental commander during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves.

## Biography

Max Wünsche was born on 20 April 1914 in Kittlitz. In July 1933, Wünsche joined the SS. In 1935, he graduated from *SS-Junkerschule* at Bad Tölz and was promoted to *Untersturmführer*. Wünsche was then posted to the *Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler* (LSSAH) as a platoon leader. In October 1938, Wünsche was assigned as an orderly officer for Hitler. In that role, Wünsche joined the *Führerbegleitkommando* (the SS bodyguard unit), which provided personal security for Hitler.

In January 1940, he was again posted to the LSSAH, as a platoon commander in a motorcycle company under the command of Kurt Meyer, for the invasion of the Netherlands and the Battle of France. In December 1940 he became an adjutant to Sepp Dietrich during the invasion of the Balkans (Operation Marita) and the invasion of the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa). In February 1942 Wünsche was given the command of the LSSAH *Sturmgeschütz* (assault gun) battalion.

In 1942, Wünsche completed the General Staff training course at the Staff College in Germany and was promoted to *Sturmbannführer*. In September 1942, he was posted to the LSSAH and resumed command of the *Sturmgeschütz* battalion; in October he assumed command of a battalion in a panzer regiment of LSSAH. His battalion's first action was at Kharkov in 1943. On 25 February 1943, Wünsche's battalion went into action against a defensive position occupied by the Soviet 350th Rifle Division. Supported by artillery and a company of SS grenadiers, Wünsche's battalion attacked and overran the Soviet front lines. Wünsche's assault would lead to the destruction of 47 artillery pieces and anti-tank guns. For his actions during the battles for Kharkov, Wünsche was awarded the German Cross in Gold and later the Knight's Cross, both in February 1943.

In June 1943, Wünsche was transferred to a new division forming in France, 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend, to take command of the 12th SS Panzer Regiment. On 6 June 1944, the Allies landed in Normandy (Operation Overlord) and the division was committed to action on 7 June. The division was later trapped in the Falaise pocket, where on the night of 20 August, Wünsche escaped on foot. He was wounded and taken prisoner by British soldiers.

Wünsche spent the rest of the war as a prisoner of war in camp 165 at Caithness, Scotland, a special camp for high-ranking German officers. In 1948, Wünsche was released and returned to Germany. He died on 17 April 1995, three days short of his 81st birthday.

## Summary of SS career

Decorations

### Citations

### Bibliography

* Hoffmann, Peter (2000) \[1979\]. *Hitler's Personal Security: Protecting the Führer 1921-1945*. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-30680-947-7.
* Nipe, George; Spezzano, Remy (2002). *Platz Der Leibstandarte The SS Panzer Grenadier Division "LSSAH" and the Battle of Kharkov January–March 1943*. Southbury, CT: RZM Imports. ISBN 978-0-9657584-2-0.
* Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). *Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II* \[*The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2*\] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
* Scherzer, Veit (2007). *Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives* \[*The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives*\] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
* Thomas, Franz (1998). *Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 2: L–Z* \[*The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 2: L–Z*\] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7648-2300-9.
* Westemeier, Jens (2013). *Himmlers Krieger: Joachim Peiper und die Waffen-SS in Krieg und Nachkriegszeit* \[*Himmler's Warriors: Joachim Peiper and the Waffen-SS during the War and Post-War Period*\]. Paderborn, Germany: Ferdinand Schöningh. ISBN 978-3-506-77241-1.

## InfoBox

| Max Wünsche | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 20 April 1914
Kittlitz (Löbau)de, German Empire |
| Died | 17 April 1995(1995-04-17) (aged 80)
Munich, Germany |
| Buried | Munich Northern Cemetery |
| Allegiance | Nazi Germany |
| Service/branch | Waffen-SS |
| Years of service | 1933–44 |
| Rank | *Obersturmbannführer* |
| Service number | NSDAP #5,508,247
SS #153,508 |
| Unit | SS Division Leibstandarte
Führerbegleitkommando
SS Division Hitlerjugend |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
| Awards | Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves |


title: Osa pulchra

abstract: Osa pulchra is a species of rare flowering plant in the monotypic genus Osa, belonging to the family Rubiaceae. There are only two known populations in Costa Rica, with less than a total of thirty individual plants and a small population in Panama. The genus name is derived from that of the Osa Peninsula in southwestern Costa Rica. The plant is a shrub or small tree and has been cultivated in several botanical gardens, including Kew Gardens, the New York Botanical Garden, and the Huntington Botanical Garden.

text:
# Osa pulchra

***Osa pulchra*** is a species of rare flowering plant in the monotypic genus ***Osa***, belonging to the family Rubiaceae. There are only two known populations in Costa Rica, with less than a total of thirty individual plants and a small population in Panama. The genus name is derived from that of the Osa Peninsula in southwestern Costa Rica. The plant is a shrub or small tree and has been cultivated in several botanical gardens, including Kew Gardens, the New York Botanical Garden, and the Huntington Botanical Garden.

## Description

*Osa pulchra* has large white, trumpet-shaped, pendulous flowers reminiscent of those of certain Solanaceous genera - particularly those of *Brugmansia* and *Solandra*. The flowers are pendent, borne on long pedicels and feature fused petals borne upon slender, elongate corolla tubes. The blooms are highly fragrant at night and are most likely pollinated by bats (chiropterophily).

## Conservation

It is considered to be an endangered species by the IUCN Red List of threatened species.

## Cultivation

This species is highly coveted because of its ornamental value. It needs a warm and humid climate with a well drained substrate and bright, indirect light. The plant is most easily propagated by seed, since cuttings can only be taken from the top of the plant due to apical dominance. Seeds will germinate after one month, after which it takes three more weeks for them to emerge fully from the substrate and shed their seed coats.

## InfoBox

| *Osa pulchra* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Osa pulchra* cultivated at the New York Botanical Garden | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Rubiaceae |
| Subfamily: | Cinchonoideae |
| Tribe: | Chiococceae |
| Genus: | *Osa*
Aiello |
| Species: | ***O. pulchra*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Osa pulchra***
(D.R.Simpson) Aiello | |
|
|  | |
| It is native to Costa Rica and Panama | |
| Synonyms | |
| *Hintonia pulchra* D.R.Simpson | |


title: Witold Hulewicz

abstract: Witold Hulewicz (1895–1941) was a Polish poet, literary critic, translator and publisher. Best known for his translations of German language literature, including most of the published works of his personal friend Rainer Maria Rilke, Hulewicz was also one of the pioneers of radio in Poland: he was the first director of the Wilno-based Polish Radio Wilno, one of the most popular Polish radio stations of the 1920s and 1930s. He also published numerous literary and artistic journals. Arrested by the Germans during World War II as part of their AB-Aktion, Witold Hulewicz was murdered at Palmiry in 1941.

text:
# Witold Hulewicz

**Witold Hulewicz** (18951941) was a Polish poet, literary critic, translator and publisher. Best known for his translations of German language literature, including most of the published works of his personal friend Rainer Maria Rilke, Hulewicz was also one of the pioneers of radio in Poland: he was the first director of the Wilno-based Polish Radio Wilno, one of the most popular Polish radio stations of the 1920s and 1930s. He also published numerous literary and artistic journals. Arrested by the Germans during World War II as part of their AB-Aktion, Witold Hulewicz was murdered at Palmiry in 1941.

## Biography

Witold Hulewicz was born on 26 November 1895 in Kościanki near Słupca, to a wealthy landowner family of Greater Poland. Two of his six siblings also became artists and writers: Jerzy and Bohdan. Early in his youth Witold Hulewicz moved to Poznań, where he started his studies at a local Humanist Faculty. During World War I he was drafted into the German Army and sent to the Western Front. He returned to Poznań in 1918 to continue his studies, but instead joined the ranks of the Polish Army and took part in the Greater Poland Uprising. As the organiser and commander of the 1st Signals Company he ended the campaign in the rank of Captain. Hulewicz then resumed his studies, first at the local Poznań University and then at Sorbonne in Paris.

He lived in Poznań, later, in Wilno and Warsaw. He founded a literary magazine, *Zdrój*, and worked with the Polish Radio. During the occupation of Poland he was the chief editor of the underground magazine *Polska żyje*. He was arrested by the Germans in 1940 and executed the following year.

In 1995 the Association of Polish Literates created an award named after him.

His work was the inspiration to several movies, including The Scar.


abstract: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Patrick County, Virginia. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Patrick County, Virginia, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map. There are 12 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark. Another property was once listed but has been removed.           This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.

text:
# National Register of Historic Places listings in Patrick County, Virginia

This is a list of the **National Register of Historic Places listings in Patrick County, Virginia**.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Patrick County, Virginia, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map.

There are 12 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark. Another property was once listed but has been removed.

*This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.*

## Current listings

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Aurora |  | February 4, 1991
(#91000015) | Penn Store Rd., south of its junction with U.S. Route 58
36°36′04″N 80°03′10″W / 36.601111°N 80.052778°W / 36.601111; -80.052778 (Aurora) | Penn's Store |  |
| 2 | Barnard Farm |  | May 21, 2009
(#09000338) | 2878 Kibler Valley Rd.
36°37′54″N 80°27′14″W / 36.631667°N 80.453889°W / 36.631667; -80.453889 (Barnard Farm) | Ararat |  |
| 3 | Bluemont Presbyterian Church and Cemetery |  | March 30, 2007
(#07000219) | Milepost 192 on the Blue Ridge Parkway
36°39′30″N 80°34′24″W / 36.658333°N 80.573333°W / 36.658333; -80.573333 (Bluemont Presbyterian Church and Cemetery) | Fancy Gap |  |
| 4 | Cockram Mill |  | December 6, 1990
(#90001842) | U.S. Route 58 east of its junction with Dan River Rd.
36°44′12″N 80°22′56″W / 36.736667°N 80.382222°W / 36.736667; -80.382222 (Cockram Mill) | Meadows of Dan |  |
| 5 | Goblintown Mill |  | November 26, 2004
(#04001271) | 888 Iron Bridge Rd.
36°47′32″N 80°09′30″W / 36.792361°N 80.158472°W / 36.792361; -80.158472 (Goblintown Mill) | Stuart |  |
| 6 | Jack's Creek Covered Bridge |  | May 22, 1973
(#73002050) | About 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Woolwine off State Route 8, over Jack's Creek
36°45′52″N 80°16′25″W / 36.764306°N 80.273611°W / 36.764306; -80.273611 (Jack's Creek Covered Bridge) | Woolwine |  |
| 7 | Mayberry Presbyterian Church |  | March 30, 2007
(#07000225) | 1127 Mayberry Church Rd.
36°42′45″N 80°26′16″W / 36.712500°N 80.437778°W / 36.712500; -80.437778 (Mayberry Presbyterian Church) | Meadows of Dan |  |
| 8 | Patrick County Courthouse |  | December 27, 1974
(#74002142) | Southeastern corner of Main and Blue Ridge Sts.
36°38′32″N 80°16′11″W / 36.642222°N 80.269722°W / 36.642222; -80.269722 (Patrick County Courthouse) | Stuart |  |
| 9 | Reynolds Homestead |  | September 22, 1971
(#71000987) | North of Critz on Homestead Ln.
36°38′38″N 80°08′56″W / 36.643750°N 80.148889°W / 36.643750; -80.148889 (Reynolds Homestead) | Critz | Also known as Rock Spring Plantation |
| 10 | Stuart Downtown Historic District |  | May 27, 2020
(#100006574) | Patrick Ave., Commerce, and South Main Sts.
36°38′12″N 80°16′11″W / 36.6366°N 80.2696°W / 36.6366; -80.2696 (Stuart Downtown Historic District) | Stuart |  |
| 11 | Stuart Uptown Historic District |  | January 24, 2002
(#01001512) | Main St. and Blue Ridge St.
36°38′30″N 80°16′12″W / 36.6417°N 80.2700°W / 36.6417; -80.2700 (Stuart Uptown Historic District) | Stuart |  |
| 12 | J.E.B. Stuart Birthplace |  | September 24, 1998
(#98001161) | Northern side of the Ararat Highway, west of its junction with State Line Rd.
36°33′42″N 80°33′11″W / 36.5617°N 80.5531°W / 36.5617; -80.5531 (J.E.B. Stuart Birthplace) | Ararat |  |

## Former listing

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Date removed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Bob White Covered Bridge |  | May 22, 1973
(#73002049) | February 7, 2017 | About 2.5 miles (4.0 km) south of Woolwine off VA 618, over the Smith River
36°46′46″N 80°14′51″W / 36.779444°N 80.247500°W / 36.779444; -80.247500 (Bob White Covered Bridge) | Woolwine | Destroyed by flood in 2015. |


title: Robert Qiu

abstract: Robert Caiming Qiu is a Chair Professor at Tennessee Technological University in Cookeville, Tennessee. He was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2015 for his contributions to ultra-wideband wireless communications.

text:
# Robert Qiu

**Robert Caiming Qiu** is a Chair Professor at Tennessee Technological University in Cookeville, Tennessee. He was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2015 for his contributions to ultra-wideband wireless communications.

## Education and career

Qiu got his B.S. degree in electrical engineering at Xidian University in 1987. From 1987 to 1990, he studied for his M.S. at the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and, after obtaining it, enrolled into a Ph.D. program at New York University, where he remained until 1995. After graduation, Qiu began working at GTE Labs and by 1997 joined Bell Labs. In 2000, he became a founder and CEO of Wiscom Technologies, before becoming a professor at Tennessee Technological University in 2003. As of 2014, Qui serves as endowed chair professor at Shanghai Jiao Tong University.


title: 1984 Japan Soccer League

text:
# 1984 Japan Soccer League

Statistics of Japan Soccer League for the 1984 season. No promotion/relegation series for both division were held due to expansion of both divisions in the following season.

## First Division

No relegation took place due to expansion to 12 clubs.

Yomiuri was invited to the revived Asian Club Championship, but withdrew.

Japan Soccer League First Division
| Season | 1984 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | Yomiuri |
| Matches played | 90 |
| Goals scored | 245 (2.72 per match) |
| 1983 1985 | |

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Yomiuri | 18 | 11 | 4 | 3 | 41 | 20 | +21 | 26 | Champions |
| 2 | Nissan | 18 | 11 | 3 | 4 | 40 | 23 | +17 | 25 |  |
| 3 | Yamaha Motors | 18 | 10 | 4 | 4 | 25 | 16 | +9 | | 24 |
| 4 | Furukawa Electric | 18 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 28 | 20 | +8 | | 21 |
| 5 | Honda | 18 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 26 | 23 | +3 | | 19 |
| 6 | Fujita Engineering | 18 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 25 | 25 | 0 | | 18 |
| 7 | Mitsubishi Motors | 18 | 6 | 3 | 9 | 22 | 33 | 11 | | 15 |
| 8 | Nippon Kokan | 18 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 16 | 23 | 7 | | 14 |
| 9 | Yanmar Diesel | 18 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 15 | 28 | 13 | | 14 |
| 10 | Hitachi | 18 | 2 | 0 | 16 | 11 | 41 | 30 | | 4 |

Source:

## Second Division

No relegation took place due to expansion to 12 clubs.

Japan Soccer League Second Division
| Season | 1984 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | Sumitomo |
| Promoted | Sumitomo<br>ANA Yokohama |
| Matches played | 90 |
| Goals scored | 258 (2.87 per match) |
| 1983 1985 | |

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Sumitomo | 18 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 40 | 23 | +17 | 26 | Promoted to First Division |
| 2 | ANA Yokohama | 18 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 31 | 17 | +14 | | 26 |
| 3 | Matsushita Electric | 18 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 25 | 19 | +6 | 22 |  |
| 4 | Toshiba | 18 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 29 | 25 | +4 | | 22 |
| 5 | Tanabe Pharmaceuticals | 18 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 30 | 21 | +9 | | 21 |
| 6 | Mazda | 18 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 24 | 20 | +4 | | 18 |
| 7 | Fujitsu | 18 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 20 | 30 | 10 | | 14 |
| 8 | Toyota Motors | 18 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 24 | 31 | 7 | | 13 |
| 9 | Nippon Steel | 18 | 4 | 4 | 10 | 15 | 28 | 13 | | 12 |
| 10 | Kofu Club | 18 | 1 | 4 | 13 | 20 | 44 | 24 | | 6 |

Source:

## InfoBox

Japan Soccer League
| Season | 1984 |
| --- | --- |
| 1983 1985–86 | |


title: Opensouls

abstract: Opensouls were a New Zealand band formed in 2001. After releasing numerous vinyl EPs, the band released their critically acclaimed debut album Kaleidoscope which impressed reviewers and fans alike. While this album draws inspiration from soul, reggae, jazz & blues styles, their next album, Standing in the Rain, was made with the intent to reflect the sound and feeling of a particular musical era: late 1950s and early 1960s British and American R&B. The band split up in 2011, playing their final live shows.

text:
# Opensouls

**Opensouls** were a New Zealand band formed in 2001. After releasing numerous vinyl EPs, the band released their critically acclaimed debut album *Kaleidoscope* which impressed reviewers and fans alike. While this album draws inspiration from soul, reggae, jazz & blues styles, their next album, *Standing in the Rain*, was made with the intent to reflect the sound and feeling of a particular musical era: late 1950s and early 1960s British and American R&B. The band split up in 2011, playing their final live shows.

## Band members

* Bjorn Petersen – Vocals
* Tyra Hammond – Vocals
* Jeremy Toy - Guitar
* Chip Mathews – Bass
* Steph "Cee" Brown - Keys
* Julien Dyne - Percussion
* Scott Towers - Saxophone
* Cam Allen - Saxophone
* Isaac "Aesh" Aesili - Trumpet
* Harlin Davey - Turntables

## Discography

### Albums

| Year | Title | Label | NZ Top 40 Albums Chart | Copies Sold |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2006 | *Kaleidoscope* | From the Crate | 29 |  |
| 2009 | *Standing in the Rain* | From the Crate | 8 |  |
|

## Awards and nominations


title: Max Wright (Australian footballer)

abstract: William Maxwell Wright was an Australian rules footballer who played with Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Wright later played football with both Camberwell and Brighton in the Victorian Football Association (VFA).

text:
# Max Wright (Australian footballer)

**William Maxwell Wright** (13 April 1901 – 10 February 1988) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Wright later played football with both Camberwell and Brighton in the Victorian Football Association (VFA).

## InfoBox

| Max Wright | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | William Maxwell Wright | | |
| Date of birth | (1901-04-13)13 April 1901 | | |
| Place of birth | St Kilda, Victoria | | |
| Date of death | 10 February 1988(1988-02-10) (aged 86) | | |
| Place of death | Fitzroy, Victoria | | |
| Original team(s) | Scotch College | | |
| Height | 179 cm (5 ft 10 in) | | |
| Weight | 80.5 kg (177 lb) | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1924–25 | Melbourne | 2 (0) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1925. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Oroplema oyamana

abstract: Oroplema oyamana is a species of moth of the family Uraniidae. It is found in Korea, Japan, Taiwan, northern India, Nepal, Borneo and the Philippines (Luzon). The wingspan is 25–28 mm. The larvae feed on Daphniphyllum himalaense and possibly Daphniphyllum teysmanni and Daphniphyllum macropodum.

text:
# Oroplema oyamana

***Oroplema oyamana*** is a species of moth of the family Uraniidae. It is found in Korea (Jeju Island), Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Yakushima Island), Taiwan, northern India, Nepal, Borneo and the Philippines (Luzon).

The wingspan is 25–28 mm.

The larvae feed on *Daphniphyllum himalaense* and possibly *Daphniphyllum teysmanni* and *Daphniphyllum macropodum*.

## InfoBox

| *Oroplema oyamana* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Uraniidae |
| Genus: | *Oroplema* |
| Species: | ***O. oyamana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oroplema oyamana***<br>(Walker, 1866) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Epiplema oyamana* Matsumura 1931 * *Orplema oyamana* | |


title: Piquet Carneiro train crash

abstract: The Piquet Carneiro train crash, occurred on the December 17, 1951 at Piquet Carneiro in the state of Ceará in northeast Brazil and left 53 dead. The diesel train had left Crato the previous day, spending the night at Iguatu which it left at 5  a.m. The train derailed due to 'excessive speed' later that morning near Piquet Carneiro station. Many were trapped in the wreckage; the local medical staff were overwhelmed and a shortage of equipment meant that carpenters saws were used to perform amputations without anaesthetic to free them. A monument to the victims of the disaster was erected at the scene of the accident by the local church with the support of the town authorities; it was restored in 2009.

text:
# Piquet Carneiro train crash

The **Piquet Carneiro train crash**, occurred on the December 17, 1951 at Piquet Carneiro in the state of Ceará in northeast Brazil and left 53 dead (some sources 'around 100').

The diesel train had left Crato the previous day, spending the night at Iguatu which it left at 5  a.m. The train derailed due to 'excessive speed' later that morning near Piquet Carneiro station. Many were trapped in the wreckage; the local medical staff were overwhelmed and a shortage of equipment meant that carpenters saws were used to perform amputations without anaesthetic to free them.

A monument to the victims of the disaster was erected at the scene of the accident by the local church with the support of the town authorities; it was restored in 2009.

5°47′52″S 39°24′32″W / 5.79778°S 39.40889°W / -5.79778; -39.40889

## InfoBox

| Piquet Carneiro train crash | |
| --- | --- |
| Details | |
| Date | December 17, 1951 |
| Location | Piquet Carneiro |
| Country | Brazil |
| Line | Fortaleza \- Crato |
| Operator | Rede Ferroviária do Nordeste |
| Incident type | Derailment |
| Cause | Excess speed |
| Statistics | |
| Trains | 1 |
| Deaths | 53 |


title: Witold Kieżun

abstract: Witold Jerzy Kieżun was a Polish economist, soldier of the Home Army, participant of the Warsaw uprising and prisoner in the Soviet Gulags. Kieżun was a former professor at Temple University, Duquesne University, Universite de Montreal, Université du Québec à Montréal, Bujumbura University, Warsaw University. He served as Chief Technical Advisor of the United Nations Development Programme in Burundi, Rwanda, and Burkina Faso. Witold Kieżun was a lecturer at Kozminski University in Warsaw. He received Doctor Honoris Causa from Jagiellonian University and the National Defence University of Warsaw. Kieżun was an honorary member of the Polish Academy of Sciences and an honorary citizen of Warsaw.

text:
# Witold Kieżun

**Witold Jerzy Kieżun** (6 February 1922 – 12 June 2021) was a Polish economist, soldier of the Home Army (the Polish resistance movement against German occupation during World War II), participant of the Warsaw uprising and prisoner in the Soviet Gulags. Kieżun was a former professor at Temple University, Duquesne University, Universite de Montreal, Université du Québec à Montréal, Bujumbura University, Warsaw University. He served as Chief Technical Advisor of the United Nations Development Programme in Burundi, Rwanda, and Burkina Faso. Witold Kieżun was a lecturer at Kozminski University in Warsaw. He received Doctor Honoris Causa from Jagiellonian University and the National Defence University of Warsaw. Kieżun was an honorary member of the Polish Academy of Sciences and an honorary citizen of Warsaw.

## Early years

Witold Kieżun was born in 1922 in Wilno, to Witold Kieżun senior, a physician and officer of the Polish army and Leokadia Kieżun née Bokun, a dentist. Both parents were Catholic Poles. After the death of his older brother Zbigniew in 1930 and his father Witold Sr. in 1931, 9-year-old Witold moved with his mother to Warsaw. They lived in the Żoliborz district, known as a preferred location for Polish Intelligentsia.

## World War II

After Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939, which launched World War II, 17-year-old Witold Kieżun was taken prisoner by the German army on 17 September, but managed to escape from the POW convoy and was hidden by a local farmer in an empty barrel. After his escape, Witold returned to German-occupied Warsaw and moved back to Żoliborz with his mother. During that time the Kieżuns were providing shelter to their aunt Irena Kiełmuciowa, who was of Jewish descent, and to Witold's Catholic maternal cousin Leon Gieysztor. In 1940 Leon Gieysztor was arrested by Germans during a "Łapanka" (Roundup), and sent to Auschwitz concentration camp, where Leon died in December 1940.

During the first years of Nazi German occupation after Poland's defeat, Witold jobbed as a glass-cutter and was a student of the Technical Vocational School (formerly an engineering school, which had been transformed into a vocational school by the German occupation regime, as Germans had banned higher education for Poles). One of Witold's classmates was Jan Bytnar, codename "Rudy", a prominent member of the Polish Scouting Resistance. Among Witold's lecturers was Professor Huber. Kieżun graduated from a vocational school in 1943. In 1942 Kieżun enrolled in the Law School of the secret Warsaw Underground University, where he completed the first year of curriculum before the clandestine program was interrupted by the Warsaw uprising in 1944.

From 1939 onwards Witold Kieżun participated in the Polish resistance movement in World War II. From 1944 Witold's apartment in Żoliborz served as a weapon storage location of the Home Army. Witold actively participated in the Warsaw uprising throughout its duration, under the code name "Wypad", serving in the special combat unit "Harnaś" at the rank of Second Lieutenant. In August 1944 Witold Kieżun was awarded the Cross of Valour, amongst other things for taking 14 German soldiers captive and securing 14 rifles and 2000 rounds of ammunition. On 23 September 1944 Witold Kieżun was decorated with Poland's highest military order Virtuti Militari personally by Commander in Chief Tadeusz Bor-Komorowski. After the capitulation of the uprising on 3 October, Witold became prisoner of war, but once again managed to escape from a prisoner convoy. Due to the near-complete destruction of Warsaw by the Germans following the defeat of the Warsaw Uprising, Witold relocated to Kraków using forged documents under the name of Jerzy Jezierza. In Krakv Witold reunited with his mother, who had escaped from destroyed Warsaw.

## Communist Poland

After the Soviet Red Army seized Kraków from German troops on 17 January 1945, Witold Kieżun enlisted in the Law School at the reopened Jagiellonian University. On 9 March 1945 Kieżun was arrested by the NKVD as part of Soviet repressions against members of the Polish Anti-Nazi resistance Home Army with the objective of strengthening the imposed Communist rule over post-war Poland. Kieżun was imprisoned in Kraków's infamous Montelupich Prison and intensively interrogated for his participation in the Warsaw Uprising and membership in the Home Army by Polish and Russian-speaking members of the NKVD. In March 1945, a mock execution was conducted, in which Kieżun and his fellow inmates were led to the prison yard and stood against a wall in front of a firing squad. Before the execution was performed, a senior NKVD officer arrived with orders to cancel the execution; Kieżun and the others were led back to their cell.

On 23 March 1945, Witold Kieżun was removed from Montelupich Prison and transported on a Soviet freight train prisoner transport, together with other imprisoned Polish Home Army members as well as German POWs, to a Gulag labor camp in the Soviet Union, near the city of Krasnovodsk (currently Türkmenbaşy in Turkmenistan). Witold Kieżun's paternal uncle, Jan Kieżun, was also deported to the same labor camp. The transport took 31 days and arrived in the labor camp on 23 April. The labor camp was located in the Karakum Desert. Prisoners were provided with very limited food rations and contaminated water and suffered from a variety of diseases, which led to a death rate between 60% to 86% over a period of 4 months after Kieżun's arrival. Witold Kieżun reported that the labor camp and NKVD guards used US military equipment provided to the Soviet Union as part of the Lend-Lease program and still bore US Army marking.

During his stay in the camp, Witold Kieżun contracted pneumonia, typhoid fever, typhus, dystrophy, scabies, mumps and Beriberi. On 22 June Kieżun, who had fallen unconscious, was erroneously declared dead from pneumonia and his body was placed on a pile of corpses of other deceased patients. However, a nurse noticed the mistake and Kieżun was restored to the hospital, where he gradually recovered, although suffering from consequences of late stage Beriberi throughout his life. His death was also reported by a Polish fellow prisoner to Kieżun's mother in Krakow after the prisoner's release and return. In September 1945 the camp was disbanded and on 20 September Kieżun was relocated to an NKVD hospital in Kogon, currently Uzbekistan, where he was imprisoned along with Japanese POWs. In April 1946 Witold Kieżun was released to return to Poland. First, he was sent back to an NKVD camp in Brest, where he was taken over by the Polish Communist Ministry of Public Security and imprisoned in a prisoner camp in Złotów. He was released by mid-1946.

In October 1946 Witold Kieżun re-enrolled in the Law Program of Jagiellonian University in Kraków and started working for the National Bank of Poland. In 1948 Kieżun was arrested again for 48 hours by Ministry of Public Security due to his former membership in the Polish Resistance. Kieżun graduated in Law in June 1949 and moved from Krakow to Warsaw in August of that year. In 1950, Witold married Danuta who had been a paramedic during the Warsaw Uprising.

Over the course of the 1950s and 1960s Witold Kieżun worked at the National Bank of Poland in Warsaw and pursued an academic career in Economics at the Main School of Planning and Statistics – currently the Warsaw School of Economics. Kieżun completed his doctorate studies in Economics in 1964. Under the guidance of prof. Tadeusz Kotarbiński and prof. Jan Zieleniewski, Witold Kieżun became a major representative of the Polish School of Praxeology. In 1971 Kieżun became the head of the Institute of Praxeology of the Polish Academy of Sciences. In 1973 he was fired from the post due to a request of the Institute's communist party unit. Over the next years he was employed as a lecturer at Warsaw University. He was granted the title of professor in 1975. From 1974 onwards Witold Kieżun was invited to hold a series of guest lectures in the United States and Canada: Seton Hall in 1974, Duquesne University in Pittsburgh in 1977 and University of Montreal in 1978, while still residing full-time in Poland until 1980.

## Emigration

On 6 September 1980 Witold Kieżun left Poland for a contract as lecturer at the School of Business and Administration at Temple University in Philadelphia. From 1980 to 1981 he held a series of lectures about the Solidarity Movement in Poland entitled "The Spirit of Solidarity" in 14 US and Canadian Universities.

In 1981–83 Witold Kieżun worked as Technical Advisor to the UNDP in Burundi, Africa.

After the end of his first contract in Burundi, Kieżun was meant to rejoin the faculty of Temple University, but the offer was revoked at the last minute, due to the university faculty's erroneous association with the Polish Anti-Nazi resistance Home Army of which Kieżun was a member, with collaboration with the Germans, propaganda lie deliberately spread by Stalin. (See Anti-Polonism).

From 1983 to 1986 Kieżun was a professor at HEC Montréal. Kieżun returned to Burundi in 1986 as Chief Technical Advisor for the UNDP and directed the program until 1991. He was an advisor to President Pierre Buyoya. From 1989 to 1991 Kieżun was a professor at Bujumbura University. In 1990, Witold Kieżun met with Polish Pope John Paul II during his visit to Burundi.

Throughout the 1990s, Witold Kieżun alternated between roles as Chief Technical Advisor to UNDP in Rwanda (1991–1992) and Burkina Faso (1994) and his position as lecturer in Canada at the Universite de Quebec and McGill. During his time in Canada, Kieżun was co-organizer of the Canadian Foundation of Polish-Jewish Heritage in Montreal.

## Return to Poland

After the fall of Communism in Poland, Witold Kieżun was being considered for the post of Minister of Finance in the government of Tadeusz Mazowiecki, but he turned down the offer due to the lack of specificity of the request and his commitment to his UNDP project in Burundi. In 1995 Witold Kieżun started giving regular 6-week long courses of international administration at Leon Kozminski Academy of Entrepreneurship and Management in Warsaw, where he became professor, but he still resided full-time in Canada until 1999, when he and his wife Danuta permanently moved back to Warsaw in Poland, where Witold continued to work as a lecturer, author and advisor.

During the 1990s, Witold Kieżun developed several propositions related to the administrative transformation of Poland and other post-communist states, e.g. the *East European Countries Administrative Modernization for Nations Building* project for the United Nations' Department of Technical Cooperation for Development. Witold Kieżun provided advice to the governments of Hanna Suchocka (1992–93), Jerzy Buzek (1997–2001), Marek Belka (2004–2005) and Jarosław Kaczyński (2006–2007) as well as to president Lech Kaczyński.

Witold Kieżun's assessment of the economical and administrative development of post-transformation Poland has been generally critical. Kieżun claimed that the chosen path of economic transformation after the end of Communism had not taken into account the specifics of the Polish economy and that the applied "shock therapy" did not focus on preserving and modernizing existing assets, but unnecessarily handed over public assets to foreign companies and members of the former Communist party elite at drastically understated valuations. Kieżun attributed this to a lack of interest and knowledge of the economics of the political elite in Poland during the transformation years, in particular the government of Tadeusz Mazowiecki, as well as too much academic and detached-from-reality textbook liberalism of then finance minister Leszek Balcerowicz and Poland's foreign advisors such as George Soros and Jeffrey Sachs. While Kieżun admitted that the chosen path ultimately helped stop hyperinflation, according to Kieżun Poland's economic transformation resulted in creating a post-colonial state of dependence which puts at risk the future economic development of Poland. As support for his thesis Kieżun referred to annual profit outflows by foreign-owned companies in the range of 40–80 billion Polish Zloty (~3–5% of Poland's GDP), a too low share of wages in GDP, mass emigration, high unemployment and a very low fertility rate. Witold Kieżun has also been critical of the administrative transformation of Poland, stating that it served short-term political interests by creating unnecessary complexity and an excess of public servant posts while sacrificing government efficiency.

On 9 January 2001, Witold Kieżun was kidnapped at gunpoint from a parking lot at Polna street in Warsaw by 2 unidentified men who knew his identity. The kidnappers drove Kieżun out of Warsaw in his own car, took his cell phone and address book, but were not interested in the money he carried or his Swiss watch. Ultimately, the kidnappers left Kieżun in a forest near Otwock, and drove off with his car, which was later found undamaged near Marysin. The background of the kidnapping has never been clarified.

Witold Kieżun also frequently commented on Polish history, in particular related to the Second World War and the ongoing Polish debate about the justification and sense of the Warsaw uprising. Kieżun believed that the Uprising was a necessity because the population of Warsaw longed to actively put an end to the genocidal occupation of Warsaw by the Germans. As the specific trigger for the Uprising, Kieżun saw the German order to participate in the transformation of the city into "Festung Warschau", a German military concept of the total resistance in a city to maximize the slow-down of the Soviet advance, taking into account the city's complete destruction. The population of Warsaw refused to follow the order, which was punishable with death by German occupying forces and would have affected roughly 100 thousand male inhabitants of Warsaw, had the Uprising not begun. Also, Kieżun stressed insurgents' belief that the West would provide strong air support and could not have anticipated the lack of meaningful outside support for the Uprising.

On 1 September 2014 the Polish Post issued a postage stamp bearing Kieżun's original picture from the Warsaw uprising to commemorate the 70th Anniversary of the outbreak of the Uprising. 92-year-old (as of 2014) Witold Kieżun continued writing articles and delivering lectures to various audiences, and he was also working on a new book on the Polish transformation.

## Personal life

Witold Kieżun was married to Danuta Magreczyńska, who had served as a paramedic of the Polish resistance Home Army during World War II (Code Name "Jola"). Danuta Kieżun died on 9 August 2013. Witold Kieżun has two children: one daughter Krystyna Macqueron (born 1951) who resides in France and one son Witold Olgierd Kieżun (born 1954) who lives in the United States. Witold Kieżun has three grandchildren – Aurelie, Charlotte and Adam.

Kieżun died in Warsaw in June 2021 at the age of 99. He is buried at the Powązki Military Cemetery.

## Awards and decorations

|  | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |
|  |  |  |
|  |  |  |
|  |  |  |
|

| Silver Cross of the Order of Virtuti Militari | | | | | | Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta | | | | Cross of Valour | | | | Gold Cross of Merit | | | |
| Silver Cross of Merit | | | | Medal of Victory and Freedom 1945 | | | | Medal of Merit for National Defence
(Silver) | | | |
| Medal of Merit for National Defence
(Bronze) | | | | Medal of the 10th Anniversary of People's Poland | | | | Badge of the 1000th Anniversary of the Polish State | | | |
| Medal of the National Education Commission | | | | Pro Patria Medal | | | | Member of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany | | | |
|

## Publications (selection)

* 2014 – *Niezapomniane twarze*
* 2013 – *Magdulka i cały świat. Rozmowa biograficzna z Witoldem Kieżunem przeprowadzona przez Roberta Jarockiego.*
* 2012 – *Drogi i bezdroża polskich przemian*
* 2012 – *Patologia transformacji*
* 2003 – *O odbudowę kapitału społecznego*
* 1997 – *Sprawne zarządzanie organizacją*
* 1994 – *Successful, though short lived sociotechnics*
* 1992 – *Management Efficient*
* 1991 – *Management in Socialist Countries*
* 1990 – *Manuel sur l’analyse des travaux administratifs*
* 1990 – *Problematique generale de la reforme administrative dans le monde*
* 1984 – *Organisation et Gestion*
* 1978 – *Ewolucja systemów zarządzania*
* 1977 – *Podstawy organizacji i zarządzania*
* 1977 – *Autonomization of Organizational Units. From Pathology of Organization*
* 1974 – *Organizace prace reditele*
* 1971 – *Organizacja pracy własnej dyrektora*
* 1971 – *Autonomizacja jednostek organizacyjnych. Z patologii zarządzania*
* 1968 – *Dyrektor. Z problematyki zarządzania instytucją*
* 1965 – *Organizacja bankowości w Polsce Ludowej*
* 1964 – *Bank a przedsiębiorstwo*

## InfoBox

| Witold Kieżun | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Native name | Witold Jerzy Kieżun |
| Nickname(s) | "Wypad"
"2786"
"Krak" |
| Born | (1922-02-06)6 February 1922
Wilno, Poland
(now Vilnius, Lithuania) |
| Died | 12 June 2021(2021-06-12) (aged 99)
Warsaw, Poland |
| Allegiance | Poland |
| Service/branch | Union of Armed Struggle
Home Army |
| Years of service | 1939–1945 |
| Rank | Podporucznik |
| Unit | "Baszta" Battalion
"Karpaty" Battalion
"Gustaw" Battalion |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
| Awards | Order of Virtuti Militari
*Several others (see below)* |


title: Zentner

abstract: The zentner is a name for a unit of mass which was used predominantly in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, although it was also sometimes used in the United Kingdom – for example, as a measure of the weight of certain crops including hops for beer production – and similar units were used in Scandinavia. Like the notion of hundredweight, the zentner is the weight of 100 units, where the value of the unit depends on the time and location. Traditionally the unit was one hundred pounds with the precise value being context-dependent, making one zentner equal to about 50 kilograms (110 lb). In later times, with the adoption of the metric system, the value came to denote exactly 50 kg (110 lb), at least in Germany; in Austria and Switzerland the term is now in use for a measure of 100 kg (220 lb), as it is in Russia. In Germany a measure of 100 kg (220 lb) is named a Doppelzentner.

text:
# Zentner

The **zentner** (German *Zentner*, from Latin *centenarius*, derived from *centum* meaning "hundred") is a name for a unit of mass which was used predominantly in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, although it was also sometimes used in the United Kingdom  for example, as a measure of the weight of certain crops including hops for beer production  and similar units were used in Scandinavia. Like the notion of hundredweight, the zentner is the weight of 100 units, where the value of the unit depends on the time and location. Traditionally the unit was one hundred pounds (German *Pfund*) with the precise value being context-dependent, making one zentner equal to about 50 kilograms (110 lb).

In later times, with the adoption of the metric system, the value came to denote exactly 50 kg (110 lb), at least in Germany; in Austria and Switzerland the term is now in use for a measure of 100 kg (220 lb), as it is in Russia (центнер, *tsentner*). In Germany a measure of 100 kg (220 lb) is named a Doppelzentner.

Notes


title: Haras La Quebrada

abstract: Haras La Quebrada (1945–2022) was a Thoroughbred racehorse breeding and training farm in Argentina.

text:
# Haras La Quebrada

**Haras La Quebrada** (1945–2022) was a Thoroughbred racehorse breeding and training farm in Argentina.

## History

Haras La Quebrada was founded by Hernán Ceriani Cernadas in 1945. The name was inspired by his son, Hernán Rodolfo Ceriani Cernadas, when at the age of twelve, he fell off a polo horse and was severely injured, including a broken jawbone and nose. The new farm was named in honor of the accident.

Hernán Ceriani I first went to the races in 1909 and fell in love with the spot. He started his first stable, Stud Pur Sang, in 1913 before acquiring the 20 hectacres of Salvador María del Carril's estancia in Paso del Rey to start breeding at what would become Haras La Quebrada. Two mares and the stallion Malney, by Tresiete, were purchased.

In 1947, Hernán Ceriani purchased a new property in Pilar that was either 400 or 500 hectacres. The stallion Moslem was purchased, and at Haras La Quebrada sired Petare, who would go on to win thirty-five times, racing in Argentina, Venezuela, and the United States.

In 1953, Hernán Ceriani I revolutionized the Argentine breeding industry when he imported the American-bred stallion Make Tracks. Argentine racing and breeding was heavily based on Europe, with previously imported stallions coming from England or France. Make Tracks, bred by King Ranch and sired by Eight Thirty, is believed to be the first American-bred stallion imported into Argentina, although he raced in England, running third in the 1951 King's Stand Stakes. Make Tracks's first crop included Appleton, who set a record at Hipódomo de San Isidro for 2000 meters, and his daughters would become the foundation of Haras La Quebrada.

In 1958, Hernán Ceriani II started to take up a role in technical direction of Haras La Quebrada, which he continued to do until 1969. In the 1960s, the American-bred stallion Solazo was imported.

By 1972, the year Make Tracks died, there were 80 broodmares in Haras La Qubrada.

Hernán Ceriani I died at the age of 64 in 1973. With the support of his mother, Sara Roccatgliata, who had supported the farm from its inception, and his sister, Sara Ceriani Cernadas de Ferrer Reyes, Hernán Ceriani II fully took over the farm.

Haras La Quebrada first headed the breeder statistics in Argentina in 1976, which they would achieve sixteen more times.

In the late 1970s, two more notable stallions were brought to Haras La Quebrada: Logical and Salt Marsh. Sired by Buckpasser out of the mare Smart Deb, Logical had won the Assault Handicap in his native United States. He was imported in 1977 and woud end up leading the Argentine broodmare sire list regularly throughout the 1990s.

In 1989, 300 hectacres were purchased in Santa Fe to create Villa Cañás, where weanlings were kept for a year before returning to the main farm in Pilar for training and sales preparation.

In the 1980s, Hernán Ceriani II was one of the founders of FEAR and the Carreras de las Estrellas.

Hernán Ceriani II visited Santa Anita Park in the United States in 1987, where he saw Southern Halo, owned by Stavros Niarchos. He was impressed by the horse, but found the price inaccessible. Later, Southern Halo suffered a severe injury to his left front tendons, and Hernán Ceriani was then able to purchase him and have him exported to Argentina in 1987. Southern Halo became an extraordinaryily successful sire, siring 173 stakes winners and leading the Argentine sire list ten times and the Argentine broodmare sire list every year form 2004 to 2019. Hernán Ceriani II sold Southern Halo back to the United States in 1993, but continued to lease him every year for the Southern hemisphere breeding season.

Hernán Ceriani Cernadas II died in 2007 on January 17. Hernán Ceriani Cernadas III took over the farm at that point, with the assistance of his mother Inés Olaviaga and sister María Inés.

In the early 2000s, Haras La Quebrada had 200 broodmares on the farm and hosted about 300 others brought to be covered by the farm's stallions, producing about 160 foals. A few of the fillies were retained every year, and the remaining foals being sold across a few annual auctions. A team of 30 veterinarians was employed.

In 2017, Hernán Cerniani II and María Inés downsized the operation of Haras La Quebrada, restructuring the operation. 202 mares were sold without reserve in May. The Luhuk mare Dolce Diva, in foal to Endorsement, was the sale topper, selling for Ar$1,900,000 (US$118,750).

In 2022, Haras La Quebrada was fully liquidated and the farm's remaining 32 mares were sold.

Haras La Quebrada employed the jockey Jacinto Herrera and the trainers Juan Carlos Etchechoury and Carlos Zarlengo. Haras La Quebrada served as the Argentine headquarters of Stud RDI.

## Notable horses

Haras La Quebrada bred the winners of 279 group stakes, including 194 Group 1 races. In Argentina, they have bred 93 individual Group 1 winners.

### Stallions

### As a breeder

## Awards

Haras La Quebrada won the Distinciones Pellegrini award for Argentine Breeder of the Year in 1983, 1986–1988, 1990, 1991–1994, 1996, 1998, and 2007 and the Argentine Owner of the Year in 1984, 1989, 1991, 1993, and 1994. Haras La Quebrada won the Pellegrini del Año in 1987.

Haras La Quebrada led the Argentine breeders statistics list sixteen times, also finishing second ten times and third three times.

With 9 wins, Haras La Quebrada is the leading owner of the Carreras de Las Estrellas, and with 31 wins, is also the leading breeder.

## InfoBox

Haras La Quebrada
|
|  |
| Company type | Horse breeding farm and<br>Thoroughbred racing stable |
| Industry | Thoroughbred horse racing |
| Founded | 1945 |
| Defunct | 2022 |
| Fate | Liquidated |


title: Maazee

abstract: Maazee is a 2000 Maldivian drama film directed by Mohamed Ali Manik. Produced by Feeroz Audio, the film stars Ismail Wajeeh, Jamsheedha Ahmed, Mariyam Nazima, Ali Shimree and Aminath Rasheedha in pivotal roles. The film marks actors Wajeeh and Jamsheedha's only collaboration in the film industry. The film received warm response from critics while Wajeeh picked his performance in the film as one of his "finest and accomplished role". Maazee also marks actor Ali Seezan's first work in the industry by working as an assistant director in the film.

text:
# Maazee

***Maazee*** is a 2000 Maldivian drama film directed by Mohamed Ali Manik. Produced by Feeroz Audio, the film stars Ismail Wajeeh, Jamsheedha Ahmed, Mariyam Nazima, Ali Shimree and Aminath Rasheedha in pivotal roles.

The film marks actors Wajeeh and Jamsheedha's only collaboration in the film industry. The film received warm response from critics while Wajeeh picked his performance in the film as one of his "finest and accomplished role". *Maazee* also marks actor Ali Seezan's first work in the industry by working as an assistant director in the film.

## Plot

Naeema (Sakeena) a wealthy and reputed woman visits her homeland along with her husband to peace their mind after her unfortunate incidence of giving birth to a stillborn baby. They request Zubeydha (Aminath Rasheedha) to allow her daughter, Neeza (Mariyam Azza) to stay with them in Male' ensuring a prosperous and educated life, promising to love her as their own. Despondent, Zubeydha agreed to their terms concerning for Neeza's future, while Neeza squabbled to stay at the island having the fear of separating with her best-friend Ahmed, whom she hangouts with all day.

Years later, Ahmed (Ismail Wajeeh) visits Male' and was shocked when Neeza (Jamsheedha Ahmed) who now is in a romantic relationship with Shimau (Ali Shimree), fails to recognize him. Ahmed decided to stay in Male'. Having the need to consult a doctor, Zubeydha relocates to Male' and was astounded to see her disparate from her childhood life and liking. Neeza acts rude and cold-hearted towards Zubeydha, treats her like a servant in the house. Ahmed, established himself as a victorious man through burden and struggles, and is now the head of a successful company while changing his complete identity omitting his surname for its forlorn attachments.

Preparations for Neeza and Shimau's wedding commences, discomforting Zubeydha, since she has promised Hussain (Abdul Raheem) and Saeedha (Mariyam Haleem) to wed her daughter to Ahmed. Imran starts a romantic relationship with his secretary, Sama (Mariyam Nazima). After meeting reformed Imran, Neeza falls for him and starts avoiding Shimau. At her birthday party, Imran sends her a necklace which she handed over to him as a memory of her during their childhood. Neeza realizing the grave mistake and discovering his identity runs to meet him where she witnesses Imran with Sama leaving the party.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

Track listing
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Singer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Maazeege Eki Handhaanthah" |  | Ali Rameez |  |
| 2. | "Hithuge Veriyaa" |  | Ali Rameez |  |
| 3. | "Dhirihureemey Mithaa" | Boi Ahmed Khaleel | Shifa Thaufeeq, Abdul Hannan Moosa Didi |  |
| 4. | "Manzileh Numevaa Musaafirekey" |  | Mohamed Huzam |  |

## InfoBox

| Maazee | |
| --- | --- |
| Official film poster | |
| Directed by | Mohamed Ali Manik |
| Written by | Fathimath Nahula |
| Screenplay by | Mohamed Ali Manik |
| Produced by | Alifulhu |
| Starring | Ismail Wajeeh
Jamsheedha Ahmed
Ali Shimree
Mariyam Nazima |
| Cinematography | Zaki |
| Edited by | Mohamed Ali Manik
Zaki |
| Music by | Nafil |
| Production
company | Feeroz Audio |
| Release date | * 2000 (2000) |
| Country | Maldives |
| Language | Dhivehi |


abstract: 1985 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships were held in Valladolid, Spain on October 10–13, 1985.

text:
# 1985 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships

**1985 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships** were held in Valladolid, Spain on October 10–13, 1985.

## Participants

The following countries sent competitor(s) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East Germany, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands, New Zealand, North Korea, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, The United Kingdom, USA, USSR, West Germany & Yugoslavia

### Individual

| Nation | Name |  | Nation | Name |  | Nation | Name |  | Nation | Name |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Antonietta Guida |  |  | Marlene Franzen |  |  | Irma Borgsteede |  |  | Viktoria Bengtsson |
|  | Nicole Higham |  |  | Susanne Ravn |  |  | Esther Hielckert |  |  | Anna Ekholtz |
|  | Gundrun Frick |  |  | Bianca Dittrich |  |  | Sophie Toenbreker |  |  | Carina Engdahl |
|  | Gerlinde Hemmer |  |  | Heide Krause |  |  | Patria Hume |  |  | Caroline Müller |
|  | Gertrude Ramsauer |  |  | Heli Honko |  |  | Tania Moss |  |  | Tuba Akincilar |
|  | Laurence Brihaye |  |  | Leena Murtamo |  |  | Angela Walker |  |  | Sebnem Ozcakir |
|  | Dominique Thiebaut |  |  | Eeva-Liisa Naehri |  |  | Ok Sun Djang |  |  | Jacqueline Leavy |
|  | Sulamita Almeida |  |  | Benedicte Augst |  |  | Yenn Ran Kang |  |  | Peta Machin |
|  | Rosane Favila Ferreira |  |  | Christel Bruneau |  |  | Ellen Gunderson |  |  | Lorraine Priest |
|  | Sandra Magalhaes |  |  | Annette Walle |  |  | Victoria Ystborg |  |  | Marina Kunyavsky |
|  | Diliana Gueorguieva |  |  | Maria Alevizou |  |  | Schirin Zorriassateiny |  |  | Stacy Oversier |
|  | Lilia Ignatova |  |  | Elena Kaitetzidou |  |  | Teresa Folga |  |  | Diane Simpson-Bundy |
|  | Bianka Panova |  |  | Dezi Tsakiri |  |  | Izabela Zuravska |  |  | Galina Beloglazova |
|  | Lori Fung |  |  | Andrea Sinko |  |  | Margarida Carmo |  |  | Tatiana Druchinina |
|  | Lise Gautreau |  |  | Zsuzsa Turak |  |  | Patricia Jorge |  |  | Marina Lobatch |
|  | Adriane Mark |  |  | Einat Argaman |  |  | Ana Peleira |  |  | Bettina Bothor |
|  | Xiaomin He |  |  | Shulamit Goldstein |  |  | Floretina Butaru |  |  | Kristin Frühwirth |
|  | Qiong Pang |  |  | Liath Haninovlitz |  |  | Alina Dragan |  |  | Simone Hildebrant |
|  | Yanfei Xia |  |  | Annalisa Bianchi |  |  | Rhin Chae |  |  | Natacha Perin |
|  | Mirtha Echevarria |  |  | Christina Cimino |  |  | Sung-Hee Hong |  |  | Milena Reljin |
|  | Thalia Fung |  |  | Giulia Staccioli |  |  | In-Wha Kim |  |  | Danijela Simić |
|  | Roxana Merino-Martinez |  |  | Erika Akiyama |  |  | Marta Canton |
|  | Denisa Sokolovská |  |  | Keiko Hamada |  |  | Virginia Manzanera |
|  | Daniela Záhorovská |  |  | Hiroko Otsuka |  |  | Montse Manzanares |

### Groups

Countries who participated in the group competition are as follows.

| Flag | Nation |  | Flag | Nation |  | Flag | Nation |  | Flag | Nation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Austria |  |  | Finland |  |  | New Zealand |  |  | United States |
|  | Brazil |  |  | France |  |  | North Korea |  |  | USSR |
|  | Bulgaria |  |  | Hungary |  |  | Norway |  |  | West Germany |
|  | Canada |  |  | Italy |  |  | Spain |
|  | China |  |  | Japan |  |  | Sweden |
|  | East Germany |  |  | Netherlands |  |  | The United Kingdom |
|

## Medal table

| Place | Country | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Bulgaria | 8 | 1 | 3 | 12 |
| 2 | USSR | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| 3 | North Korea | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | East Germany | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |

## Individual Final

### Individual All-Around

| Place | Nation | Name | Rope | Ball | Clubs | Ribbon | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 |  | Diliana Guerguieva | 10.000 | 9.950 | 10.000 | 9.950 | 39.900 |
| 2 |  | Lilia Ignatova | 9.900 | 9.950 | 10.000 | 9.950 | 39.800 |
| 3 |  | Bianka Panova | 9.900 | 9.950 | 9.900 | 10.000 | 39.750 |
| 4 |  | Galina Beloglazova | 9.850 | 9.900 | 9.850 | 10.000 | 39.600 |
| 5 |  | Bianca Dittrich | 9.800 | 9.950 | 9.850 | 9.950 | 39.550 |
| 6 |  | Tatiana Druchinina | 9.850 | 9.800 | 9.950 | 9.900 | 39.500 |
| 7 |  | Marina Lobatch | 9.900 | 9.850 | 9.800 | 9.900 | 39.450 |
| 8 |  | Florentina Butaru | 9.700 | 9.800 | 9.800 | 9.800 | 39.100 |
| 9 |  | Lori Fung | 9.700 | 9.750 | 9.750 | 9.750 | 38.950 |
| 10 |  | Yenn Ran Kang | 9.750 | 9.700 | 9.750 | 9.700 | 38.900 |
| 11 |  | Milena Reljin | 9.700 | 9.600 | 9.800 | 9.700 | 38.800 |
| 11 |  | Daniela Záhorovská | 9.650 | 9.750 | 9.650 | 9.750 | 38.800 |
| 13 |  | Zsuzsa Turak | 9.600 | 9.650 | 9.700 | 9.800 | 38.750 |
| 14 |  | Heide Krause | 9.750 | 9.800 | 9.350 | 9.800 | 38.700 |
| 15 |  | Andrea Sinko | 9.700 | 9.650 | 9.650 | 9.650 | 38.650 |
| 15 |  | Ok Sun Djang | 9.450 | 9.750 | 9.750 | 9.700 | 38.650 |
| 17 |  | Teresa Folga | 9.700 | 9.600 | 9.500 | 9.750 | 38.550 |
| 17 |  | Monserrat Manzanares | 9.600 | 9.600 | 9.650 | 9.700 | 38.550 |
| 19 |  | Marta Canton | 9.800 | 9.750 | 9.700 | 9.150 | 38.400 |
| 19 |  | Alina Dragan | 9.700 | 9.750 | 9.300 | 9.650 | 38.400 |
| 19 |  | Hiroko Otsuka | 9.450 | 9.750 | 9.550 | 9.650 | 38.400 |
| 22 |  | Virginia Manzanera | 9.550 | 9.750 | 9.550 | 9.500 | 38.350 |
| 22 |  | Izabela Zuravska | 9.600 | 9.650 | 9.500 | 9.600 | 38.350 |
| 24 |  | Kristin Frühwirth | 9.400 | 9.550 | 9.600 | 9.600 | 38.150 |
| 24 |  | Simone Hildebrant | 9.300 | 9.700 | 9.600 | 9.550 | 38.150 |
| 26 |  | Marina Kunyavsky | 9.400 | 9.600 | 9.600 | 9.450 | 38.050 |
| 27 |  | Yanfei Xia | 9.400 | 9.400 | 9.600 | 9.600 | 38.000 |
| 28 |  | Mirtha Echvarria | 9.400 | 9.400 | 9.550 | 9.550 | 37.900 |
| 29 |  | Giulia Staccioli | 9.150 | 9.650 | 9.600 | 9.450 | 37.850 |
| 30 |  | Erika Akiyama | 9.400 | 9.650 | 9.300 | 9.450 | 37.800 |
| 30 |  | Thalia Fung | 9.100 | 9.500 | 9.550 | 9.650 | 37.800 |
| 32 |  | Benedicte Augst | 9.050 | 9.500 | 9.450 | 9.600 | 37.600 |
| 32 |  | Xiaomin He | 9.250 | 9.650 | 9.700 | 9.000 | 37.600 |
| 32 |  | Annette Walle | 9.050 | 9.450 | 9.550 | 9.550 | 37.600 |
| 35 |  | Annalisa Bianchi | 9.300 | 9.350 | 9.400 | 9.450 | 37.500 |
| 35 |  | Keiko Hamada | 9.250 | 9.350 | 9.400 | 9.500 | 37.500 |
| 37 |  | Denisa Sokolovská | 9.450 | 9.400 | 9.300 | 9.300 | 37.450 |
| 38 |  | Christina Cimino | 9.400 | 9.600 | 9.300 | 9.100 | 37.400 |
| 38 |  | Lise Gautreau | 9.300 | 9.600 | 9.450 | 9.050 | 37.400 |
| 40 |  | Eeva-Liisa Naehri | 9.350 | 9.600 | 9.000 | 9.400 | 37.350 |
| 40 |  | Sophie Toenbreker | 9.100 | 9.400 | 9.450 | 9.400 | 37.350 |
| 42 |  | Qiong Pang | 9.500 | 9.550 | 9.200 | 9.050 | 37.300 |
| 43 |  | Adriane Mark | 9.200 | 9.500 | 9.300 | 9.200 | 37.200 |
| 43 |  | Danijela Simić | 9.350 | 8.750 | 9.550 | 9.550 | 37.200 |
| 45 |  | Viktoria Bengtsson | 9.400 | 9.450 | 9.050 | 9.200 | 37.100 |
| 45 |  | Irma Borgsteede | 9.050 | 9.400 | 9.300 | 9.350 | 37.100 |
| 45 |  | Susanne Ravn | 9.300 | 9.250 | 9.200 | 9.350 | 37.100 |
| 45 |  | Victoria Ystborg | 9.400 | 9.350 | 9.100 | 9.250 | 37.100 |
| 49 |  | Shulamit Goldstein | 9.050 | 9.350 | 9.350 | 9.300 | 37.050 |
| 49 |  | Stacy Oversier | 9.150 | 9.300 | 9.500 | 9.100 | 37.050 |
| 49 |  | Diane Simpson | 9.200 | 9.450 | 9.300 | 9.100 | 37.050 |
| 52 |  | Bettina Bothor | 9.000 | 9.300 | 9.300 | 9.400 | 37.000 |
| 53 |  | Heli Honko | 9.050 | 9.600 | 9.200 | 9.100 | 36.950 |
| 53 |  | Leena Murtamo | 9.050 | 9.450 | 9.100 | 9.350 | 36.950 |
| 55 |  | Christel Bruneau | 9.200 | 9.300 | 9.400 | 9.000 | 36.900 |
| 56 |  | Liath Haninovlitz | 8.950 | 9.400 | 9.150 | 9.350 | 36.850 |
| 56 |  | Patricia Jorge | 9.050 | 9.100 | 9.300 | 9.400 | 36.850 |
| 58 |  | Ellen Gunderson | 9.300 | 9.400 | 8.850 | 9.200 | 36.750 |
| 58 |  | Roxana Merino-Martinez | 9.050 | 9.050 | 9.350 | 9.300 | 36.750 |
| 58 |  | Shirin Zorriassateiny | 9.100 | 9.150 | 9.150 | 9.350 | 36.750 |
| 61 |  | Angela Walker | 9.200 | 8.900 | 9.150 | 9.400 | 36.650 |
| 62 |  | Rosane Favila Ferreira | 9.000 | 9.200 | 9.200 | 9.200 | 36.600 |
| 63 |  | Margarida Carmo | 9.200 | 9.050 | 9.100 | 9.200 | 36.550 |
| 63 |  | Esther Hielckert | 9.050 | 9.400 | 9.250 | 8.850 | 36.550 |
| 65 |  | Tania Moss | 9.200 | 9.150 | 9.150 | 8.950 | 36.450 |
| 65 |  | Natacha Perin | 9.150 | 9.300 | 9.000 | 9.000 | 36.450 |
| 67 |  | Anna Ekholtz | 9.200 | 9.200 | 9.000 | 9.000 | 36.400 |
| 67 |  | Antonietta Guida | 9.150 | 9.150 | 9.000 | 9.100 | 36.400 |
| 69 |  | Gerlinde Hemmer | 8.800 | 9.450 | 8.900 | 9.200 | 36.350 |
| 70 |  | Malene Franzen | 9.400 | 9.400 | 8.600 | 8.900 | 36.300 |
| 70 |  | Jacqueline Leavy | 8.800 | 9.200 | 9.150 | 9.150 | 36.300 |
| 70 |  | Gertrude Ramsauer | 9.000 | 9.200 | 8.800 | 9.300 | 36.300 |
| 73 |  | Sung-Hee Hong | 9.200 | 9.100 | 8.750 | 9.200 | 36.250 |
| 73 |  | Ana Peleira | 8.800 | 9.000 | 9.150 | 9.300 | 36.250 |
| 75 |  | Gundrun Frick | 8.950 | 9.300 | 8.700 | 9.250 | 36.200 |
| 75 |  | Caroline Müller | 9.200 | 9.400 | 8.750 | 8.850 | 36.200 |
| 77 |  | Sulamita Almeida | 8.850 | 9.250 | 9.150 | 8.850 | 36.100 |
| 77 |  | Carina Engdahl | 8.950 | 9.200 | 8.650 | 9.300 | 36.100 |
| 77 |  | Sandra Magalhaes | 8.800 | 9.050 | 9.000 | 9.250 | 36.100 |
| 80 |  | Maria Alevizou | 9.150 | 9.000 | 8.850 | 9.000 | 36.000 |
| 81 |  | Elena Kaitetzidou | 8.800 | 8.950 | 9.100 | 8.900 | 35.750 |
| 82 |  | Einat Argaman | 8.900 | 9.150 | 8.600 | 9.000 | 35.650 |
| 82 |  | Lorraine Priest | 8.950 | 9.350 | 8.700 | 8.650 | 35.650 |
| 84 |  | Patria Hume | 9.200 | 8.500 | 9.150 | 8.700 | 35.550 |
| 84 |  | Peta Machin | 8.800 | 9.250 | 8.450 | 9.050 | 35.550 |
| 86 |  | Nicole Higham | 9.000 | 9.100 | 8.400 | 8.800 | 35.300 |
| 87 |  | In-Wha Kim | 8.750 | 9.000 | 8.700 | 8.600 | 35.050 |
| 88 |  | Tuba Akincilar | 8.650 | 8.800 | 8.800 | 8.750 | 35.000 |
| 88 |  | Laurence Brihaye | 8.800 | 8.550 | 8.700 | 8.950 | 35.000 |
| 90 |  | Dezi Tsakiri | 8.450 | 8.850 | 8.650 | 8.700 | 34.650 |
| 91 |  | Sebnem Ozcakir | 8.600 | 8.700 | 8.700 | 8.550 | 34.550 |
| 92 |  | Dominique Thiebaut | 8.500 | 9.100 | 8.900 | 8.000 | 34.500 |
| 93 |  | Rhin Chae | 8.250 | 7.950 | 8.700 | 8.800 | 33.700 |

### Individual Rope

| Place | Nation | Name | All Around | Rope | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 |  | Diliana Guerguieva | 10.000 | 10.000 | 20.000 |
| 2 |  | Marina Lobatch | 9.900 | 10.000 | 19.900 |
| 3 |  | Lilia Ignatova | 9.900 | 9.950 | 19.850 |
| 4 |  | Tatiana Druchinina | 9.850 | 9.950 | 19.800 |
| 5 |  | Marta Canton | 9.800 | 9.850 | 19.650 |
| 5 |  | Bianca Dittrich | 9.800 | 9.850 | 19.650 |
| 7 |  | Heide Krause | 9.750 | 9.800 | 19.550 |
| 7 |  | Yenn Ran Kang | 9.750 | 9.800 | 19.550 |

### Individual Ball

| Place | Nation | Name | All Around | Hoop | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 |  | Diliana Guerguieva | 9.950 | 10.000 | 19.950 |
| 1 |  | Lilia Ignatova | 9.950 | 10.000 | 19.950 |
| 3 |  | Galina Beloglazova | 9.900 | 10.000 | 19.900 |
| 3 |  | Bianca Dittrich | 9.950 | 9.950 | 19.900 |
| 5 |  | Marina Lobatch | 9.850 | 9.900 | 19.750 |
| 6 |  | Florentina Butaru | 9.800 | 9.850 | 19.650 |
| 7 |  | Heide Krause | 9.800 | 9.800 | 19.600 |
| 8 |  | Lori Fung | 9.750 | 9.800 | 19.550 |

### Individual Clubs

| Place | Nation | Name | All Around | Clubs | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 |  | Diliana Guerguieva | 10.000 | 10.000 | 20.000 |
| 1 |  | Lilia Ignatova | 10.000 | 10.000 | 20.000 |
| 3 |  | Tatiana Druchinina | 9.950 | 9.950 | 19.900 |
| 4 |  | Galina Beloglazova | 9.850 | 9.900 | 19.750 |
| 5 |  | Milena Reljin | 9.800 | 9.800 | 19.600 |
| 6 |  | Florentina Butaru | 9.850 | 9.700 | 19.550 |
| 6 |  | Bianca Dittrich | 9.800 | 9.750 | 19.550 |
| 6 |  | Lori Fung | 9.750 | 9.800 | 19.550 |

### Individual Ribbon

| Place | Nation | Name | All Around | Ribbon | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 |  | Galina Beloglazova | 10.000 | 10.000 | 20.000 |
| 1 |  | Bianka Panova | 10.000 | 10.000 | 20.000 |
| 3 |  | Diliana Guerguieva | 9.950 | 10.000 | 19.950 |
| 4 |  | Tatiana Druchinina | 9.900 | 9.900 | 19.800 |
| 5 |  | Bianca Dittrich | 9.950 | 9.800 | 19.750 |
| 6 |  | Florentina Butaru | 9.800 | 9.800 | 19.600 |
| 6 |  | Zsuzsa Turak | 9.800 | 9.800 | 19.600 |
| 8 |  | Heide Krause | 9.800 | 9.700 | 19.500 |

## Group

### Preliminaries

| Place | Nation | First Exercise | Second Exercise | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Bulgaria | 19.750 | 19.850 | 39.600 |
| 2 | USSR | 19.700 | 19.850 | 39.550 |
| 3 | North Korea | 19.500 | 19.850 | 39.350 |
| 4 | Spain | 19.700 | 19.600 | 39.300 |
| 5 | China | 19.200 | 19.350 | 38.550 |
| 6 | Japan | 19.050 | 19.300 | 38.350 |
| 7 | East Germany | 18.950 | 19.200 | 38.150 |
| 8 | Norway | 18.850 | 19.100 | 37.950 |
| 9 | Italy | 18.850 | 19.000 | 37.850 |
| 9 | West Germany | 18.700 | 19.150 | 37.850 |
| 11 | Finland | 18.700 | 19.100 | 37.800 |
| 11 | Austria | 18.950 | 18.850 | 37.800 |
| 13 | Canada | 18.750 | 18.750 | 37.500 |
| 13 | France | 18.900 | 18.600 | 37.500 |
| 15 | Hungary | 18.500 | 18.900 | 37.400 |
| 16 | The Netherlands | 18.500 | 18.650 | 37.150 |
| 17 | Sweden | 18.350 | 18.400 | 36.750 |
| 18 | USA | 18.150 | 18.550 | 36.700 |
| 19 | New Zealand | 18.150 | 18.150 | 36.300 |
| 20 | The United Kingdom | 17.650 | 18.100 | 35.750 |
| 21 | Brazil | 17.900 | 17.050 | 34.950 |

### Finals

| Place | Nation | Average | Final | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Bulgaria | 19.800 | 20.000 | 39.800 |
| 2 | USSR | 19.775 | 19.800 | 39.575 |
| 2 | North Korea | 19.675 | 19.900 | 39.575 |
| 4 | China | 19.275 | 19.450 | 38.725 |
| 5 | East Germany | 19.075 | 19.550 | 38.625 |
| 6 | Japan | 19.175 | 19.250 | 38.425 |
| 7 | Spain | 19.650 | 18.650 | 38.300 |
| 8 | Norway | 18.975 | 19.250 | 38.225 |
|

## InfoBox

| 1985 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Valladolid, Spain |
| Start date | 10 October 1985 |
| End date | 13 October 1985 |
|


title: 1983 FIBA World Championship for Women

abstract: The 1983 FIBA World Championship for Women was the ninth FIBA World Championship for Women. The tournament was hosted by Brazil, from 24 July to 6 August 1983. The Soviet Union won their sixth world championship, defeating the United States 84–82 in the final.

text:
# 1983 FIBA World Championship for Women

The **1983 FIBA World Championship for Women** (Portuguese: Campeonato Mundial Feminino Fiba de 1983) was the ninth FIBA World Championship for Women. The tournament was hosted by Brazil, from 24 July to 6 August 1983. The Soviet Union won their sixth world championship, defeating the United States 84–82 in the final.

## Venues

| City | Venue |
| --- | --- |
| Brasilia | Nilson Nelson Gymnasium |
| Porto Alegre | Gigantinho |
| Rio de Janeiro | Ginásio do Maracanãzinho |
| São Paulo | Ginásio do Ibirapuera ( **Ibirapuera**) |

## Participating nations

| Group A | Group B | Group C | Semifinal round |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bulgaria
Cuba
South Korea
Peru | Australia
Japan
Poland
Yugoslavia | Canada
China
Soviet Union
Zaire | Brazil – host
United States |

## Squads

## Preliminary round

The top two teams in each group advance to the semifinal round, while the bottom two teams played in the classification round.

### Group A

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | PF | PA | PD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | South Korea | 3 | 3 | 0 | 225 | 171 | +54 | 6 | Advance to semifinal round |
| 2 | Bulgaria | 3 | 2 | 1 | 221 | 163 | +58 | | 5 |
| 3 | Cuba | 3 | 1 | 2 | 219 | 208 | +11 | 4 | Qualified for classification round |
| 4 | Peru | 3 | 0 | 3 | 148 | 271 | 123 | | 3 |

Source: FIBA Archive

### Group B

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | PF | PA | PD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Poland | 3 | 3 | 0 | 204 | 176 | +28 | 6 | Advance to semifinal round |
| 2 | Yugoslavia | 3 | 2 | 1 | 227 | 187 | +40 | | 5 |
| 3 | Australia | 3 | 1 | 2 | 221 | 218 | +3 | 4 | Qualified for classification round |
| 4 | Japan | 3 | 0 | 3 | 176 | 247 | 71 | | 3 |

Source: FIBA Archive

### Group C

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | PF | PA | PD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Soviet Union | 3 | 3 | 0 | 287 | 166 | +121 | 6 | Advance to semifinal round |
| 2 | China | 3 | 2 | 1 | 228 | 198 | +30 | | 5 |
| 3 | Canada | 3 | 1 | 2 | 201 | 205 | 4 | 4 | Qualified for classification round |
| 4 | Zaire | 3 | 0 | 3 | 133 | 280 | 147 | | 3 |

Source: FIBA Archive

## Classification round

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | PF | PA | PD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 9 | Canada | 5 | 5 | 0 | 331 | 255 | +76 | **10** |
| 10 | Cuba | 5 | 4 | 1 | 418 | 310 | +108 | **9** |
| 11 | Australia | 5 | 3 | 2 | 378 | 319 | +59 | **8** |
| 12 | Japan | 5 | 2 | 3 | 300 | 342 | 42 | **7** |
| 13 | Peru | 5 | 1 | 4 | 281 | 367 | 86 | **6** |
| 14 | Zaire | 5 | 0 | 5 | 267 | 382 | 115 | **5** |

Source: FIBA Archives

## Semifinal round

The United States qualified for the semifinal round by the virtue of winning the previous world championship, while Brazil qualified as hosts. A total of 25 matches were played in the semifinal round. Results between two teams from the Preliminary Round carried over; teams only played teams they had not already played.

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | PF | PA | PD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Soviet Union | 7 | 7 | 0 | 626 | 448 | +178 | 14 | Qualified for the final |
| 2 | United States | 7 | 6 | 1 | 649 | 509 | +140 | | 13 |
| 3 | China | 7 | 3 | 4 | 514 | 540 | 26 | 10 | Qualified for the bronze-medal match |
| 4 | South Korea | 7 | 3 | 4 | 455 | 515 | 60 | | 10 |
| 5 | Brazil (H) | 7 | 3 | 4 | 542 | 570 | 28 | 10 |  |
| 6 | Bulgaria | 7 | 3 | 4 | 495 | 527 | 32 | | 10 |
| 7 | Poland | 7 | 2 | 5 | 439 | 502 | 63 | | 9 |
| 8 | Yugoslavia | 7 | 1 | 6 | 424 | 533 | 109 | | 8 |

Source: FIBA Archives
(H) Hosts

## Medal games

### Bronze-medal match

| **China** | **71**63 | South Korea |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scoring by half:** 32–27, 39–36 | | |
| **Pts:** Qiu 26 |  | **Pts:** Kim 24 |

### Final

| **Soviet Union** | **84**82 | United States |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scoring by half:** 37–**40**, **47**–42 | | |
| **Pts:** Elena Chausova (24) |  | **Pts:** Cheryl Miller (23) |

## Final standings

| # | Team |
| --- | --- |
| 1 | Soviet Union |
| 2 | United States |
| 3 | China |
| 4 | South Korea |
| 5 | Brazil |
| 6 | Bulgaria |
| 7 | Poland |
| 8 | Yugoslavia |
| 9 | Canada |
| 10 | Cuba |
| 11 | Australia |
| 12 | Japan |
| 13 | Peru |
| 14 | Zaire |

## Awards

| 1983 World Championship winner |
| --- |
| **
Soviet Union
Sixth title** |

## InfoBox

1983 FIBA World Championship
for Women
| 9th FIBA World Championship for Women | |
| --- | --- |
| Tournament details | |
| Host country | Brazil |
| Dates | 24 July – 6 August |
| Teams | 14 |
| Venue(s) | 4 (in 4 host cities) |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Soviet Union (6th title) |
| Official website | |
| 1983 FIBA World Championship for Women | |
|


title: 1984 Kansas City Royals season

abstract: The 1984 Kansas City Royals season was their 16th in Major League Baseball. The Royals won the American League West with a record of 84–78, but lost to the eventual World Series champion Detroit Tigers 3–0 in the ALCS. Dan Quisenberry's 44 saves paced the American League.

text:
# 1984 Kansas City Royals season

The **1984 Kansas City Royals** season was their 16th in Major League Baseball. The Royals won the American League West with a record of 84–78, but lost to the eventual World Series champion Detroit Tigers 3–0 in the ALCS. Dan Quisenberry's 44 saves paced the American League.

## Offseason

## Regular season

### Season standings

AL West
| Team |  |  | Pct. | GB | Home | Road |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Kansas City Royals | 84 | 78 | .519 |  | 4437 | 4041 |
| California Angels | 81 | 81 | .500 | 3 | 3744 | 4437 |
| Minnesota Twins | 81 | 81 | .500 | 3 | 4734 | 3447 |
| Oakland Athletics | 77 | 85 | .475 | 7 | 4437 | 3348 |
| Chicago White Sox | 74 | 88 | .457 | 10 | 4338 | 3150 |
| Seattle Mariners | 74 | 88 | .457 | 10 | 4239 | 3249 |
| Texas Rangers | 69 | 92 | .429 | 14½ | 3446 | 3546 |

### Record vs. opponents

|
Sources: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | BAL | BOS | CAL | CWS | CLE | DET | KC | MIL | MIN | NYY | OAK | SEA | TEX | TOR |
| Baltimore |  | 6–7 | 8–4 | 7–5 | 7–6 | 7–6 | 5–7 | 7–6 | 5–7 | 5–8 | 6–6 | 9–3 | 9–3 | 4–9 |
| Boston | 7–6 |  | 9–3 | 7–5 | 10–3 | 7–6 | 3–9 | 9–4 | 6–6 | 7–6 | 7–5 | 4–8 | 5–7 | 5–8 |
| California | 4–8 | 3–9 |  | 8–5 | 8–4 | 4–8 | 6–7 | 8–4 | 4–9 | 8–4 | 7–6 | 9–4 | 5–8 | 7–5 |
| Chicago | 5–7 | 5–7 | 5–8 |  | 8–4 | 4–8 | 5–8 | 7–5 | 8–5 | 7–5 | 6–7 | 5–8 | 5–8 | 4–8 |
| Cleveland | 6–7 | 3–10 | 4–8 | 4–8 |  | 4–9 | 6–6 | 9–4 | 7–5 | 2–11 | 7–5 | 8–4 | 9–3 | 6–7–1 |
| Detroit | 6–7 | 6–7 | 8–4 | 8–4 | 9–4 |  | 7–5 | 11–2 | 9–3 | 7–6 | 9–3 | 6–6 | 10–2 | 8–5 |
| Kansas City | 7–5 | 9–3 | 7–6 | 8–5 | 6–6 | 5–7 |  | 6–6 | 6–7 | 5–7 | 5–8 | 9–4 | 6–7 | 5–7 |
| Milwaukee | 6–7 | 4–9 | 4–8 | 5–7 | 4–9 | 2–11 | 6–6 |  | 5–7 | 6–7 | 4–8 | 6–6 | 5–6 | 10–3 |
| Minnesota | 7–5 | 6–6 | 9–4 | 5–8 | 5–7 | 3–9 | 7–6 | 7–5 |  | 8–4 | 8–5 | 7–6 | 8–5 | 1–11 |
| New York | 8–5 | 6–7 | 4–8 | 5–7 | 11–2 | 6–7 | 7–5 | 7–6 | 4–8 |  | 8–4 | 7–5 | 6–6 | 8–5 |
| Oakland | 6–6 | 5–7 | 6–7 | 7–6 | 5–7 | 3–9 | 8–5 | 8–4 | 5–8 | 4–8 |  | 8–5 | 8–5 | 4–8 |
| Seattle | 3–9 | 8–4 | 4–9 | 8–5 | 4–8 | 6–6 | 4–9 | 6–6 | 6–7 | 5–7 | 5–8 |  | 10–3 | 5–7 |
| Texas | 3–9 | 7–5 | 8–5 | 8–5 | 3–9 | 2–10 | 7–6 | 6–5 | 5–8 | 6–6 | 5–8 | 3–10 |  | 6–6 |
| Toronto | 9–4 | 8–5 | 5–7 | 8–4 | 7–6–1 | 5–8 | 7–5 | 3–10 | 11–1 | 5–8 | 8–4 | 7–5 | 6–6 |  |

### Notable transactions

### Roster

| 1984 Kansas City Royals roster | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Roster** | | | | | | | | | |
| **Pitchers** |  | **Catchers** **Infielders** |  | **Outfielders** **Other batters** |  | **Manager** **Coaches** |
|

## Game log

### Regular season

| 1984 regular season game log: 84–78 (Home: 44–37; Away: 40–41) |
| --- |
|
| April: 8–11 (Home: 5–7; Away: 3–4)    # Date Time (CT) Opponent Score Win Loss Save Time of Game Attendance Record Box/
Streak  April 17  @ Tigers **Postponed (Rain)** *(Makeup date: April 19)*  11 April 18 6:35 p.m. CST @ Tigers 3–4 (10) Hernández (1–0) **Beckwith** (0–1)  3:02 12,310 5–6 L3  12 April 19 12:30 p.m. CST @ Tigers 5–2 **Saberhagen** (1–0) Petry (2–1) **Quisenberry** (5) 2:27 12,100 6–6 W1 |
| May: 12–15 (Home: 6–6; Away: 6–9)    # Date Time (CT) Opponent Score Win Loss Save Time of Game Attendance Record Box/
Streak  25 May 7 7:35 p.m. CDT Tigers 3–10 Berenguer (2–1) **Gubicza** (0–3) Bair (2) 3:02 19,474 9–16 L5  26 May 8 7:35 p.m. CDT Tigers 2–5 Morris (6–1) **Black** (3–2)  2:35 14,304 9–17 L6  27 May 9 7:35 p.m. CDT Tigers 1–3 Petry (5–1) **Jackson** (0–4) López (4) 2:48 15,709 9–18 L7 |
| June: 13–14 (Home: 6–9; Away: 7–5)    # Date Time (CT) Opponent Score Win Loss Save Time of Game Attendance Record Box/
Streak |
| July: 17–15 (Home: 9–4; Away: 8–11)    # Date Time (CT) Opponent Score Win Loss Save Time of Game Attendance Record Box/
Streak  **55th All-Star Game in San Francisco, CA** |
| August: 17–12 (Home: 8–8; Away: 9–4)    # Date Time (CT) Opponent Score Win Loss Save Time of Game Attendance Record Box/
Streak  107 August 3 6:35 p.m. CDT @ Tigers 9–6 **Saberhagen** (5–8) Wilcox (11–7) **Quisenberry** (28) 2:37 39,480 51–56 W1  108 August 4 1:15 p.m. CDT @ Tigers 9–5 **Beckwith** (4–2) Bair (4–3)  2:57 41,714 52–56 W2  109 August 5 12:30 p.m. CDT @ Tigers 5–4 **Saberhagen** (6–8) Hernández (6–1) **Quisenberry** (29) 2:57 N/A 53–56 W3  110 August 5 4:02 p.m. CDT @ Tigers 4–0 **Leibrandt** (6–4) Berenguer (5–8)  2:37 42,761 54–56 W4  114 August 10 7:35 p.m. CDT Tigers 4–5 López (10–0) **Beckwith** (5–3) Hernández (25) 2:54 32,181 56–58 L1  115 August 11 7:35 p.m. CDT Tigers 5–9 Morris (15–8) **Leibrandt** (6–5) López (12) 2:42 40,501 56–59 L2  116 August 12 1:35 p.m. CDT Tigers 4–8 Wilcox (12–7) **Saberhagen** (6–9)  2:47 32,753 56–60 L3 |
| September: 17–11 (Home: 10–3; Away: 7–8)    # Date Time (CT) Opponent Score Win Loss Save Time of Game Attendance Record Box/
Streak |
| Legend:        = Win        = Loss        = Postponement
Bold = Royals team member |

### Postseason Game log

| 1984 Postseason game log: 0–3 (Home: 0–2; Away: 0–1) |
| --- |
|
| AL Championship Series: vs. Detroit Tigers 0–3 (Home: 0–2; Away: 0–1)    # Date Time (CT) Opponent Score Win Loss Save Time of Game Attendance Series Box/
Streak  October 2 7:35 p.m. CDT Tigers 1–8 Morris (1–0) **Black** (0–1)  2:42 41,973 0–1 L1  October 3 7:25 p.m. CDT Tigers 3–5 (11) López (1–0) **Quisenberry** (0–1)  3:37 42,019 0–2 L2  October 5 7:25 p.m. CDT @ Tigers 0–1 Wilcox (1–0) **Leibrandt** (0–1) Hernández (1) 2:39 52,168 0–3 L3 |
| Legend:        = Win        = Loss        = Postponement
Bold = Royals team member |

## Player stats

### Batting

#### Starters by position

*Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in*

| Pos | Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| C | Don Slaught | 124 | 409 | 108 | .264 | 4 | 42 |
| 1B | Steve Balboni | 126 | 438 | 107 | .244 | 28 | 77 |
| 2B | Frank White | 129 | 479 | 130 | .271 | 17 | 56 |
| SS | Onix Concepcion | 90 | 287 | 81 | .282 | 1 | 23 |
| 3B | George Brett | 104 | 377 | 107 | .284 | 13 | 69 |
| LF | Darryl Motley | 146 | 522 | 148 | .284 | 15 | 70 |
| CF | Willie Wilson | 128 | 541 | 163 | .301 | 2 | 44 |
| RF | Pat Sheridan | 138 | 481 | 136 | .283 | 8 | 53 |
| DH | Hal McRae | 106 | 317 | 96 | .303 | 3 | 42 |

#### Other batters

*Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in*

| Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Jorge Orta | 122 | 403 | 120 | .298 | 9 | 50 |
| Greg Pryor | 123 | 270 | 71 | .263 | 4 | 25 |
| Dane Iorg | 78 | 235 | 60 | .255 | 5 | 30 |
| John Wathan | 97 | 171 | 31 | .181 | 2 | 10 |
| UL Washington | 63 | 170 | 38 | .224 | 1 | 10 |
| Buddy Biancalana | 66 | 134 | 26 | .194 | 2 | 9 |
| Butch Davis | 41 | 116 | 17 | .147 | 2 | 12 |
| Lynn Jones | 47 | 103 | 31 | .301 | 1 | 10 |
| Leon Roberts | 28 | 45 | 10 | .222 | 0 | 3 |
| Tucker Ashford | 9 | 13 | 2 | .154 | 0 | 0 |
| Orlando Sánchez | 10 | 10 | 1 | .100 | 0 | 2 |
| Bucky Dent | 11 | 9 | 3 | .333 | 0 | 1 |
| Dave Leeper | 4 | 6 | 0 | .000 | 0 | 0 |
| Luis Pujols | 4 | 5 | 1 | .200 | 0 | 1 |
| Jim Scranton | 2 | 2 | 0 | .000 | 0 | 0 |

### Pitching

#### Starting pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bud Black | 35 | 257.0 | 17 | 12 | 3.12 | 140 |
| Mark Gubicza | 29 | 189.0 | 10 | 14 | 4.05 | 111 |
| Larry Gura | 31 | 168.2 | 12 | 9 | 5.18 | 68 |
| Charlie Leibrandt | 23 | 143.2 | 11 | 7 | 3.63 | 53 |

#### Other pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bret Saberhagen | 38 | 157.2 | 10 | 11 | 3.48 | 73 |
| Mike Jones | 23 | 81.0 | 2 | 3 | 4.89 | 43 |
| Danny Jackson | 15 | 76.0 | 2 | 6 | 4.26 | 40 |
| Frank Wills | 10 | 37.0 | 2 | 3 | 5.11 | 21 |
| Paul Splittorff | 12 | 28.0 | 1 | 3 | 7.71 | 4 |
|

#### Relief pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | W | L | SV | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Dan Quisenberry | 72 | 6 | 3 | 44 | 2.64 | 41 |
| Joe Beckwith | 49 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 3.40 | 75 |
| Mark Huismann | 13 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 5.58 | 20 |
|

## ALCS

### Game 1

October 2, Royals Stadium

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Detroit** | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | **8** | **14** | **0** |
| Kansas City | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | **1** | **5** | **1** |
| **W**: Jack Morris (1-0)  **L**: Bud Black (0-1) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **HRs**: **DET**Larry Herndon (1)  Alan Trammell (1)  Lance Parrish (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | |

### Game 2

October 3, Royals Stadium

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | R | H | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Detroit** | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | **5** | **8** | **1** |
| Kansas City | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **3** | **10** | **3** |
| **W**: Aurelio López (1-0)  **L**: Dan Quisenberry (0-1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **HRs**: **DET**Kirk Gibson (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

### Game 3

October 5, Tiger Stadium

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Kansas City | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** | **3** | **3** |
| **Detroit** | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | X | **1** | **3** | **0** |
| **W**: Milt Wilcox (1-0)  **L**: Charlie Leibrandt (0-1)  **S**:Willie Hernández (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **HRs**: None | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Farm system

| Level | Team | League | Manager |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| AAA | Omaha Royals | American Association | Gene Lamont |
| AA | Memphis Chicks | Southern League | Rick Mathews |
|  | Fort Myers Royals | Florida State League | Tommy Jones |
|  | Charleston Royals | South Atlantic League | Duane Gustavson |
| A-Short Season | Eugene Emeralds | Northwest League | Dave Roberts |

### Bibliography

* Johnson, Lloyd; Wolff, Miles, eds. (1997). *The Encyclopedia of Minor League Baseball* (2nd ed.). Durham, North Carolina: Baseball America. ISBN 978-0-9637189-8-3.

## InfoBox

| 1984 Kansas City Royals | |
| --- | --- |
| American League West Champions | |
| League | American League |
| Division | West |
| Ballpark | Royals Stadium |
| City | Kansas City, Missouri |
| Record | 84–78 (.519) |
| Divisional place | 1st |
| Owners | Ewing Kauffman |
| General managers | John Schuerholz |
| Managers | Dick Howser |
| Television | WDAF-TV 4
(Denny Matthews, Denny Trease, Fred White)
Sports Time
(Phil Stone, Dwayne Mosley) |
| Radio | WIBW–AM 580
KCMO–AM 810
(Denny Matthews, Fred White) |
|  | |