title: Mental Health Royal Commission

abstract: The Royal Commission into Victoria's Mental Health System, more widely known as the Mental Health Royal Commission, is a royal commission in Victoria, Australia. It was established on 22 February 2019 to investigate deficiencies in the state's mental health system and the broader prevalence of mental illnesses and suicides in the state. The commission published and delivered its interim report to the Governor on 27 November 2019 and tabled in Parliament on the same day. The Commission delivered its final report on 3 February 2021 and it was tabled on 2 March 2021 during a special sitting of the Legislative Assembly at the Royal Exhibition Building in Melbourne.

text:
# Mental Health Royal Commission

The **Royal Commission into Victoria's Mental Health System**, more widely known as the **Mental Health Royal Commission**, is a royal commission in Victoria, Australia. It was established on 22 February 2019 to investigate deficiencies in the state's mental health system and the broader prevalence of mental illnesses and suicides in the state. The commission published and delivered its interim report to the Governor on 27 November 2019 and tabled in Parliament on the same day. The Commission delivered its final report on 3 February 2021 and it was tabled on 2 March 2021 during a special sitting of the Legislative Assembly at the Royal Exhibition Building in Melbourne.

## Establishment and process of the Royal Commission

During the 2018 state election Labor Premier Daniel Andrews promised that a re-elected government would establish a royal commission to inquire into a "broken" mental health system.

On 22 February 2019 the Governor of Victoria issued the letters patent, appointing Ms Penny Armytage to Chair the Royal Commission, supported by former Australian Competition and Consumer Commission chief and carer of someone with a mental health issue, Allan Fels; psychiatrist and Associate Professor of the University of Melbourne's Department of Psychiatry, Alex Cockram; Professor of law specialising in mental health law and criminal law, Professor Bernadette McSherry. The peak body for people with lived experience, the Victorian Mental Illness Awareness Council, expressed concern that absent the appointed commissioners was someone with lived experience of using the mental health system.

In 11 weeks between 17 April 2019 and 15 July 2019, the Royal Commission called for submissions from the public, receiving 3 267 responses. An interim report was released, making nine interim recommendations. In May 2020 the Victorian Government confirmed providing an extension to the Royal Commission to complete its work until February 2021, noting the delays caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Further witness statements were received throughout 2020, as well as 8 community panel hearings. Commissioners deliberated in the final stages of 2020 before the final report was delivered to the Victorian Government on 1 February 2021. The final report was released to the public in a special sitting of the Victorian Parliament on 2 March 2021, with significant media coverage and attention.

## Findings

Among the themes from the Royal Commission's findings were that:

* demand had overtaken capacity within the system, with under-investment being a significant cause
* there was an over-reliance on bed-based care, with an under-investment in community-based services
* care was often too medicalised, meaning therapeutic and lived experience-led approaches were under-utilised
* the system was difficult to navigate, limiting people's opportunities to direct their own care
* mental health services routinely breached people's human rights through the use of seclusion and restraint, and by failing to comply with duties under mental health legislation
* the system had routinely overlooked the perspectives of people with lived experience, including consumers, peer workers and peer groups that have developed alternatives to the current system
* families, carers and supporters routinely had their needs ignored by a system, having impacts on their lives
* trauma was not addressed by the system, and the use of coercion and the failure to provide holistic care were themselves a cause of trauma
* services were often not equitably or responsively provided to people outside mainstream communities, meaning culturally and linguistically diverse, LGBTIQ+, disabled and other communities often received less access or worse standards of care
* mainstream services were not culturally safe to Aboriginal Victorians, compounding disadvantage already caused by colonisation and government policies.

These findings informed the development of a suite of recommendations in the Interim and Final Report.

## Recommendations

The Royal Commission's final report includes 65 recommendations in addition to the nine interim report recommendations.

The recommendations set out a 10-year vision for a future mental health system in Victoria where people can access treatment close to their homes and in their communities. Importantly, people with lived experience of mental illness or psychological distress will be central to the design and delivery of this new mental health and wellbeing system being implemented as a result of this Royal Commission.

The Royal Commission's recommendations are grouped around four key features of the future mental health and wellbeing system:

1) A responsive and integrated system with community at its heart

2) A system attuned to promoting inclusion and addressing inequities

3) Re-established public confidence through prioritisation and collaboration

4) Contemporary and adaptable services.

The Government of Victoria has committed to implementing all recommendations, establishing Mental Health Reform Victoria for this purpose. In July 2021, its staff and functions moved to the new Mental Health and Wellbeing Division within the Department of Health (Victoria).

The 2021-22 Victorian State Budget responded to the recommendations of the Royal Commission into Victoria's Mental Health System, with the Victorian Government announcing a record $3.8 billion investment in mental health and wellbeing.

Among the recommendations was the development of a new Lived Experience Agency to support innovation in the mental health sector.

## A new Mental Health and Wellbeing Act for Victoria

The Royal Commission found that implementation of the *Mental Health Act 2014* (Vic) had not lived up to expectation. Originally, that legislation was lauded as making Victoria a "leader" in mental health reform in Australia. The Royal Commission's interim report concluded that the least restrictive means possible were not being used by mental health services. The final report found that because mental health services do not routinely record whether and how they seek informed consent to treatment, it is 'unclear to what extent authorised psychiatrists consider these provisions before administering treatment.'

Other issues identified in the final report were regarding quality and safety as well as oversight processes to give effect to legal obligations. The final report spoke to evidence that:

> 'it is difficult to see what actions are being taken to hold services to account for quality and safety or human rights failings. Transparency about these activities allows consumers and their advocates to engage in a more meaningful way with the various oversight and improvement arrangements, and hold those charged with these functions to—in turn—be held to account. In contrast, the lack of information about how the Department of Health, the Chief Psychiatrist and other bodies are responding to quality and safety concerns can leave consumers feeling disempowered and distrustful.'

As part of its recommendations, the Royal Commission recommended the repeal of the current Mental Health Act 2014 and enactment of a new Mental Health and Wellbeing Act for the state of Victoria.

This new Act aimed to:

* promote good mental health and wellbeing for all people in Victoria
* reset the legislative foundations for the mental health and wellbeing system
* support the delivery of services that are responsive to the needs and preferences of Victorians
* put the views, preferences and values of people living with mental illness or psychological distress, families, carers and supporters at the forefront of service design and delivery.

The Royal Commission has recommended that the new Mental Health and Wellbeing Act be passed no later than mid-2022.

The Department of Health ran public engagement to help with the drafting of the Mental Health and Wellbeing Bill from June to August 2021. The department will work with consumers, families, carers, supporters, workers and providers to develop guidelines, regulations and processes to support the new Act once it has been passed by the Victorian Parliament. The new Act also provided for the replacement of the previous Mental Health Complaints Commissioner that had been criticised for under-enforcement of human rights. However, the new Mental Health and Wellbeing Commission has also been criticised for similar issues and for a lack of transparency.

## 2024-2025 Budget Commitments and the Royal Commission Recommendations

In the 2024-2025 budget, the Victorian Government committed to key elements associated with the Royal Commission recommendations, while highlighting questions about others. The Victorian Government continued to provide funding for youth mental health services, such as those provided by Orygen Youth Mental Health. However, the following recommendations have now remained behind the schedule provided by the Royal Commission:

* Recommendations 1 and 49 - providing for a new outcomes and performance framework to drive the overall systems management, due by the end of 2022.
* Recommendations 3 - the rollout of Local Adult and Older Mental Health and Wellbeing Services remain behind the schedule set out by the Royal Commission, with delays imposed in the 2024-2025 budget.
* Recommendation 4 - references to the government's commitments to establish Regional Mental Health and Wellbeing Boards has been removed from public websites, despite earlier websites containing these commitments. Regional Boards had the role of co-commissioning (purchasing) services based on local community needs, and with the ongoing leadership of people with lived experience. Regional Boards have been written into the *Mental Health and Wellbeing Act 2022* (Vic), due to begin work by 31 December 2024, and will require an Act of Parliament to remove them.
* Recommendation 10 - after delays, the Victorian Government is behind schedule for work to commence a health-based response for people in mental health crisis. This is in response to concerns about police-based responses.
* Recommendation 29 - the Victorian Government did not provide funding for a Lived Experience Agency to drive innovation and change across the system. A campaign run by multiple lived experience organisations designated this "Our Agency". This was due by the end of 2022.

Timeframes for these recommendations is indicated in Volume 5 of the Royal Commission reports. Three weeks after the release of the budget, the Mental Health and Wellbeing Commission released a statement acknowledging the disappointment in the rollout of the Royal Commission recommendations. In August 2024, the Mental Health and Wellbeing Commission, with the statutory functions to monitor the government's implementation of the Royal Commission recommendations and powers to conduct own-motion inquiries, stated it was still seeking further information and briefings from government.

## References and further reading

## InfoBox

Royal Commission into Victoria's Mental Health System
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Victoria, Australia |
| Also known as | Mental Health Royal Commission |
| Commissioners |  |
| Inquiry period | 22 February 2019 (2019-02-22)  3 February 2021 (2021-02-03) |
| Constituting instrument | *Inquiries Act 2014* (Vic) |
| Website | rcvmhs.vic.gov.au |


title: Mesópolis

abstract: Mesópolis is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 1,905 in an area of 149 km⁲. The elevation is 400 m.

text:
# Mesópolis

**Mesópolis** is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 1,905 (2020 est.) in an area of 149 km2. The elevation is 400 m.

## Media

In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

## InfoBox

| Mesópolis | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Location in São Paulo state | |
| MesópolisLocation in Brazil | |
| Coordinates: 19°57′58″S 50°38′17″W / 19.96611°S 50.63806°W / -19.96611; -50.63806 | |
| Country | Brazil |
| Region | Southeast |
| State | São Paulo |
| Area | |
| Total | 149 km2 (58 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 ) | |
| Total | 1,905 |
| Density | 13/km2 (33/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC−3 (BRT) |


title: Metheringham Lass

abstract: The Metheringham Lass is the name given to an apparition which has been reported at RAF Metheringham. Reports have stated that the woman, wearing a jacket bearing RAF insignia, approaches cars as they pass the old airfield, sometimes even physically interacting with the car. She begs the driver to help her boyfriend who has been injured in a motorcycle accident. However, when the driver exits the car to help, she vanishes. The apparition is said to be accompanied first by the smell of lavender, followed by the smell of decomposing flesh. It has been speculated that the reported apparition is of Catherine Bystock, who died at the age of nineteen when her flight sergeant boyfriend crashed his motorcycle after a dance with them both on board. She died instantly.

text:
# Metheringham Lass

The **Metheringham Lass** is the name given to an apparition which has been reported at RAF Metheringham.

Reports have stated that the woman, wearing a jacket bearing RAF insignia, approaches cars as they pass the old airfield, sometimes even physically interacting with the car. She begs the driver to help her boyfriend who has been injured in a motorcycle accident. However, when the driver exits the car to help, she vanishes. The apparition is said to be accompanied first by the smell of lavender, followed by the smell of decomposing flesh.

It has been speculated that the reported apparition is of Catherine Bystock, who died at the age of nineteen when her flight sergeant boyfriend crashed his motorcycle after a dance with them both on board. She died instantly.

53°08′15″N 00°20′47″W / 53.13750°N 0.34639°W / 53.13750; -0.34639


title: Meny Silva

abstract: Meny Silva is a Cape Verdean footballer who plays as a forward for Brockton FC United in the United Premier Soccer League.

text:
# Meny Silva

**Meny Silva** (born 22 February 2002) is a Cape Verdean footballer who plays as a forward for Brockton FC United in the United Premier Soccer League.

## Career

### New England Revolution II

Silva joined the New England Revolution academy in 2017, before signing a professional contract with the club's USL League One affiliate New England Revolution II on 21 January 2020. He made his professional debut on 7 August 2020, appearing as a 78th-minute substitute in a 2-0 loss to Orlando City B.

### Brockton FC United

Silva joined United Premier Soccer League side Brockton FC United in 2023.

## Personal

Silva was born in Praia, Cape Verde, before moving to Roxbury, Massachusetts in the United States when he was 11-years old.

## InfoBox

Meny Silva
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Meny Silva | | |
| Date of birth | (2002-02-22) 22 February 2002 | | |
| Place of birth | Praia, Cape Verde | | |
| Height | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Brockton FC United | | |
| Number | 11 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 2017–2020 | New England Revolution | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2020–2022 | New England Revolution II | 40 | (2) |
| 2023– | Brockton FC United |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 4 November 2023 | | | |


title: Metropolitan Building (Detroit)

abstract: The Element Detroit at the Metropolitan is a high-rise hotel, formerly the Metropolitan Building, a historic office building located on a triangular lot at 33 John R Street in downtown Detroit, Michigan, near Grand Circus Park. The building was built in 1924 and finished in 1925. It stands at 15 stories and was once occupied by shops, offices, and the facilities of jewelry manufacturers and wholesalers leading it to also be known as the "Jeweler's Building". The manufacture of luminous watch dials in the building left behind several toxic substances that have thwarted redevelopment plans. Architects Weston and Ellington designed it in a Neo-Gothic style. The exterior of the building is faced with brick, granite, and terra cotta. The building closed in 1977. In March 2010, the Downtown Development Authority voted to install safety scaffolding and netting on the building to prevent parts of the facade from falling. In September 2013, the city requested bids for removal of asbestos and other hazardous materials from the building to determine if it should be demolished or restored. The property was offered to Rock Ventures, owned by developer Dan Gilbert, however the company declined to take ownership of the structure. Earlier, Bruce Schwartz of Bedrock Real Estate Services, one of Rock Ventures subsidiaries, said that part of the building could be demolished to construct a public space, lofts and offices. However, he later said the company would be open to restoring the structure. In March 2015, the Downtown Development Authority approved a $23.2 million renovation plan to create 71 apartments along with commercial and retail space on the bottom two floors. In May 2016, it was announced that the building would be converted to a hotel, Element Detroit at the Metropolitan. The 100,000 square-foot building opened in December 2018 as a 110-room extended-stay hotel, with 2,000 square feet of meeting space on the second-floor, 7,000 square feet of retail on the ground floor and lower level, and a roof patio on the 11th floor.

text:
# Metropolitan Building (Detroit)

The **Element Detroit at the Metropolitan** is a high-rise hotel, formerly the **Metropolitan Building**, a historic office building located on a triangular lot at 33 John R Street in downtown Detroit, Michigan, near Grand Circus Park.

The building was built in 1924 and finished in 1925. It stands at 15 stories and was once occupied by shops, offices, and the facilities of jewelry manufacturers and wholesalers leading it to also be known as the "Jeweler's Building". The manufacture of luminous watch dials in the building left behind several toxic substances that have thwarted redevelopment plans. Architects Weston and Ellington designed it in a Neo-Gothic style. The exterior of the building is faced with brick, granite, and terra cotta. The building closed in 1977.

In March 2010, the Downtown Development Authority voted to install safety scaffolding and netting on the building to prevent parts of the facade from falling.

In September 2013, the city requested bids for removal of asbestos and other hazardous materials from the building to determine if it should be demolished or restored. The property was offered to Rock Ventures, owned by developer Dan Gilbert, however the company declined to take ownership of the structure. Earlier, Bruce Schwartz of Bedrock Real Estate Services, one of Rock Ventures subsidiaries, said that part of the building could be demolished to construct a public space, lofts and offices. However, he later said the company would be open to restoring the structure.

In March 2015, the Downtown Development Authority approved a $23.2 million renovation plan to create 71 apartments along with commercial and retail space on the bottom two floors.

In May 2016, it was announced that the building would be converted to a hotel, **Element Detroit at the Metropolitan**. The 100,000 square-foot building opened in December 2018 as a 110-room extended-stay hotel, with 2,000 square feet of meeting space on the second-floor, 7,000 square feet of retail on the ground floor and lower level, and a roof patio on the 11th floor.

## InfoBox

| Metropolitan Building | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Type | hotel |
| Architectural style | Gothic Revival |
| Location | 33 John R Street
Detroit, Michigan
United States |
| Coordinates | 42°20′7.37″N 83°2′55.87″W / 42.3353806°N 83.0488528°W / 42.3353806; -83.0488528 |
| Construction started | 1924 |
| Completed | 1925 |
| Height | |
| Antenna spire | 182 ft 10 in (55.7 m) |
| Roof | 173 ft 8 in (52.9 m) |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 15 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Weston and Ellington |


title: Michael Coleman (fiddler)

abstract: Michael Coleman was a virtuoso Irish fiddler from County Sligo, and a major exponent of the Sligo fiddle style.

text:
# Michael Coleman (fiddler)

**Michael Coleman** (31 January 1891  4 January 1945) was a virtuoso Irish fiddler from County Sligo, and a major exponent of the Sligo fiddle style.

## Early years

Michael Coleman was born in Knockgrania, in the rural Killavil district, near Ballymote, County Sligo, Ireland. His father, James Coleman, was from Banada in County Roscommon, and a respected flute player. Michael was the seventh child of James and Beatrice, and the surviving half of a pair of twins.

As a child he learned step dancing and fiddle playing, and performed at local houses. His elder brother Jim had a high reputation but was never recorded. In his formative years Michael was influenced by Uilleann pipers (a type of bagpipe), including Johnny Gorman.

He left school in 1908, at the age of 17. He competed at the Sligo Feis Ceoil in 1909 and again in 1910, and was placed joint third on both occasions. In 1914 he moved to Manchester, England to live with his older brother Pat, but returned home after several months.

## Immigration to the United States

In October 1914, at the age of twenty-three, Coleman sailed to America with his friend John Hunt. Initially he stayed with his aunt in Lowell, Massachusetts and briefly joined the Keith Theatres vaudeville circuit. In 1917, he settled in New York City, and married Marie Fanning, originally from County Monaghan, Ireland. They had one child, Mary.

## Recording years

Between 1921 and 1936, Coleman recorded eighty commercial 78-rpm records for many record labels, including Shannon, Vocalion Records, Columbia Records, Okeh Records, New Republic, Pathe, O'Beirne de Witt, Victor Records, Brunswick Records, and Decca Records. Some of these were re-issued under the Intrepid, International Recording Company, Coral Records, Ace of Hearts Records, and Shanachie Records labels.

Coleman was usually accompanied by one of the following pianists: Kathleen Brennan, Arthur P. Kenna, John Muller, Eileen O’Shea, Edward Lee, and Ed Geoghegan. However, on three 1934 78 discs (six sides) for the Decca label, Coleman was accompanied by tenor guitar player Michael "Whitey" Andrews. Flute players Tom Morrison and Michael Walsh, and piccolo player Paddy Finlay, separately accompanied Coleman on a few of his 1920s recordings. In 1940, Coleman recorded four solo aluminum acetates for private collector James Carroll at the Wurlitzer Studios in New York, NY. In 1944, Coleman recorded ten tracks for the Decca controlled World Broadcasting Company on two, separate, 16-inch transcription discs. These were Coleman's final studio recordings, but they were never issued commercially.

## Musical style

Coleman was the most famous exponent of what is today known as the Sligo style of Irish fiddling, which is fast, flamboyant, and heavily ornamented with fingered "rolls" and bowed triplets. Coleman was also an excellent dancer and performer. Coleman danced and played the fiddle at the same time, as confirmed by his daughter Mary, on the Irish film, *From Shore to Shore*. James Morrison, Paddy Killoran and Paddy Sweeney were other famed Sligo fiddlers who also recorded in New York in the 1920s and '30s. While these musicians shared a basic approach and much common repertoire, there were noticeable differences in their playing. Coleman in particular employed extensive melodic variations, and his settings of tunes such as "The Boys of the Lough," "Bonny Kate" and "Lord Gordon's" have become part of the standard Irish fiddle repertoire. Some of Coleman's records were reissued on British labels and others reached Ireland as American imports, heavily influencing a new generation of fiddlers in Sligo and elsewhere.

## Legacy

Coleman died at Knickerbocker Hospital in New York City on January 4, 1945, and is buried in St. Raymond's Cemetery in the Bronx. Even after his death, Coleman's influence on traditional fiddle playing is substantial. Every generation since has been influenced by his recordings either directly or indirectly. Most notably, he has influenced fiddle players such as James "Lad" O'Beirne, Martin Wynne, Andy McGann, Ben Lennon, Martin Byrnes, Jean "Ti-Jean" Carignan and many others.

In 1974, a monument was erected by the Coleman Traditional Society. It is close to his birthplace, on the Tubbercurry to Gurteen road. Nearby is the Coleman Heritage Centre, a music archive and a replica of the house where he lived. The monument bears this inscription:

*"Michael Coleman. Master of the fiddle. Saviour of Irish traditional music. Born near this spot in 1891. Died in exile 1945."*

In March 2015, the U.S. Library of Congress chose its annual list of sound recordings for inclusion in its National Recording Registry. Among those chosen were Coleman's 1922 Vocalion Records release of his rendition of "The Boys of the Lough" and "The Humors of Ennistymon".

## Discography

* *Irish Jigs and Reels - Coral 57369* (1961, LP)
* *Irish Jigs and Reels - Ace Of Hearts 56* (1961, LP)
* *The Musical Glory Of Old Ireland - International Recording Co. 3327* (1967, LP)
* *The Heyday Of Michael Coleman - Intrepid Records (5)* (1973, LP)
* *The Legacy Of Michael Coleman - Shanachie 33002* (1976, LP)
* *The Classic Recordings Of Michael Coleman - Shanachie 33006* (1979, LP)
* *Michael Coleman 1891-1945: Ireland's Most Influential Traditional Musician of the 20th Century - Viva Voce 004, Viva Voce/Gael-Linn CEFCF 161* (1991, Cassette, 1992/2011, CD)
* *The Enduring Magic - Coleman Heritage Center 008* (2004, CD)

## InfoBox

| Michael Coleman | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1891-01-31)31 January 1891
Knockgrania, near Ballymote, County Sligo, Ireland |
| Died | 4 January 1945(1945-01-04) (aged 53)
New York, New York, United States |
| Genres | Irish folk |
| Occupation | Musician |
| Instrument | Fiddle |
| Years active | 1909–1945 |


title: Mi Novia Se Me Está Poniendo Vieja

abstract: "Mi Novia Se Me Está Poniendo Vieja" is a Latin pop song written by Guatemalan singer-songwriter Ricardo Arjona for his thirteenth studio album, Independiente (2011). It was produced by Arjona, Dan Warner and Lee Levin. It was released as the album's third single on 8 May 2012. The song was used by American telecommunications corporation AT&T on a commercial promoting the Nokia Lumia 900 smartphone, and has been widely performed on Arjona's Metamorfosis World Tour. A music video was filmed on the Universal Studios in Los Angeles, and is protagonized by Arjona alongside his son Ricardo Arjona Jr. In 2013, Arjona received a Song of the Year nomination at the 14th Latin Grammy Awards for the song.

text:
# Mi Novia Se Me Está Poniendo Vieja

"**Mi Novia Se Me Está Poniendo Vieja**" is a Latin pop song written by Guatemalan singer-songwriter Ricardo Arjona for his thirteenth studio album, *Independiente* (2011). It was produced by Arjona, Dan Warner and Lee Levin. It was released as the album's third single on 8 May 2012. The song was used by American telecommunications corporation AT&T on a commercial promoting the Nokia Lumia 900 smartphone, and has been widely performed on Arjona's Metamorfosis World Tour. A music video was filmed on the Universal Studios in Los Angeles, and is protagonized by Arjona alongside his son Ricardo Arjona Jr. In 2013, Arjona received a Song of the Year nomination at the 14th Latin Grammy Awards for the song.

## Background

*Independiente* is the first album Arjona released as an independent artist, and through his own record label, Metamorfosis, a company he created to refocus his career. Presided by Arjona and some friends, *Metamorfosis* is based in Miami and Mexico City, and also includes the photographer and director Ricardo Calderón, Universal Music México's executive Humberto Calderon and BMG's Miriam Sommerz. Although the album is marketed with the new label, distribution was handled by Warner Music. Arjona commented many times, that he considered the way he decided to go independent raised more compromise than freedom, saying that "Inside the word 'Independent', even when it sounds like extreme freedom, there's a big amount of compromise and the responsibility of being able to administrate, in the best way possible, such independence."

*Independiente* was composed and written within one year, and marks the fourth time Arjona had collaborated with Tommy Torres, who had helped writing, composing, producing and providing backing vocals. The other three albums in which the two artists had worked together are *Quién Dijo Ayer*, in which Torres helped producing the singles "Quién" and "Quiero", and offering additional work on the new versions of Arjona's hits; *5to Piso*, and *Adentro*, respectively. Also, in the album, Arjona returned to his classic and trademark sound, which Torres has helped crafting it since six years now, after the drastic change he made in *Poquita Ropa*. On that album, the artist made use of the fewest instruments possible, simplifying his sound, and introducing what he called a "stripped-down version of his music".

Weeks before the release of *Independiente*, Arjona issued a letter in which he talked about his past relations with recording companies. In the letter, he revealed that he entered in his first record label as an exchange, commenting that "a producer, friend of mine, told them \[the record label\] that if they don't sign me they won't sign two artists he had \[at that time\]", and that he received the "minimum royalty percentage" out from his most successful albums. *Billboard* notes that although other groups have decided to launch independently their works after having a contract with major record labels, Arjona is by far the most important artist in the Latin pop to follow this trend.

## Composition

"Mi Novia Se Me Está Poniendo Vieja" is a latin pop ballad song with a length of five minutes and 12 seconds. It was composed within a year, as well as the rest of *Independiente*, and was produced by Arjona, alongside longtime collaborators Dan Warner, Lee Levin and Dan Rudin. A piano version of the song was recorded at the Jocoteco Studios in Mexico City, and was included as the last track on the album. This version was produced by Arjona and Victor Patrón, the latter whom also played the piano, the only instrument present on this version of the song.

Arjona wrote the song for his mother, Noemí Morales. She told him she didn't like it because it make her cry. He said that he "wrote the song as a gift for my mom in a Mother's Day and two sisters (a couple of years ago) \[...\] and i thought the idea of including it on the album was very good". Lyrically, "Mi Novia Se Me Esta Poniendo Vieja" revolves around how a son looks at their mother from a sentimental perspective, with Arjona singing "She loves me either if i gor as a warrior, or if I won the Nobel Prize for Peace / She doesn't care if i'm last or first, if i'm going as a conformist or as tenacious." He also said that he never thought to include the song in an album, just as happened with his single "Señora De Las Cuatro Decadas" from *Historias* back in 1994.

## Release and promotion

On 25 April, Arjona started promotion of the song by posting on his website a preview of the music video, which was released a few days after, on 30 April 2012. It was intended to be a promotional single to coincide with Mother's Day, and was released in the United States and Mexico as a digital download on 8 May 2012.

### Music video

The music video was filmed on the Universal Studios in Los Angeles, and is protagonized by himself and his son Ricardo Arjona Jr. It was directed by Robert García. The video was released on 29 April 2012. In it, Arjona is seen walking throughout a city. While he walks with a guitar on his shoulder, on the road of that city, he encounters with many people, including a musician and a police man while remembering memories of his life.

### Live performances and media appearances

"Mi Novia Se Me Está Poniendo Vieja" was in the set list for a televised program in 2011. The special included guest singers such as Gaby Moreno, Ricky Muñoz (from Mexican band Intocable) and Paquita la del Barrio. Broadcast by Televisa, the program was made to showcast the new fourteen songs included on *Independiente*. Ricky Muñoz commented that he was "happy to do things for Ricardo \[Arjona\]" and elaborated that the met each other "some time ago" and that it was "a very special situation." The show was later bordcasted on 5 November 2011 by Canal de las Estrellas. The song is also present on his ongoing Metamorfosis World Tour. It is performed while on one of the ambiences the concert, alongside "Acompañame A Estar Solo", "Dime Que No", "Como Duele" and "Señora De Las Cuatro Décadas".

"Mi Novia Se Me Está Poniendo Vieja" was also used by American telecommunications corporation AT&T on a commercial promoting the Nokia Lumia 900 smartphone. Titled "The Shoot", the spot, which also features Arjona, shows how a teenage boy uses his Nokia smartphone to record the singer's performance, and then showing it to his mother. The commercial was, as well as the song, released to coincide with Mother's Day.

## Track listing

* **Digital download**

1. "Mi Novia Se Me Está Poniendo Vieja" – 5:12

* **Piano version**

1. "Mi Novia Se Me Está Poniendo Vieja" (Piano version) – 5:05

## Personnel

Credits are taken from *Independiente* Liner notes.

**Technical**

* "Mi Novia Se Me Esta Poniendo Vieja" (Piano version) was recorded at Jocoteco Studios, Mexico City.

**Standard version**

* Ricardo Arjona — vocals
* Brian Lang contrabass, recording engineer
* Lee Levin bass, percussion, recording engineer
* Dan Warner — guitar, recording engineer
* Matt Rollings Hammond B-3, accordion, recording engineer
* Chris McDonald Chord arrangements, conductor
* Pamela Sixfin — violin
* David Angell — violin
* James Grosjean viola
* Anthony LaMarchina — cello
* Carlos Cabral Jr. — recording engineer
* Isaías García — recording engineer
* Dan Rudin — recording engineer
* David Thoener mixing engineer

**Piano version**

* Ricardo Arjona — vocals
* Victor Patrón — piano
* Isaías García — recording engineer
* Ben Wisch — mixing engineer
* Isaías García — recording engineer

## Charts

| Chart (2012) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Hot Latin Songs (*Billboard*) | 44 |
| US Latin Pop Airplay (*Billboard*) | 40 |

## Release history

Digital releases
| Country | Date | Format | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | 8 May 2012 | Digital download | Metamorfosis / Warner Music |
| | | | Mexico |
| | | | Argentina |
| | | | Chile |
| | | | Venezuela |

## InfoBox

| "Mi Novia Se Me Está Poniendo Vieja" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Ricardo Arjona | |
| from the album  *Independiente* | |
| Released | 8 May 2012 |
| Recorded | 2011 |
| Genre | Latin pop |
| Length | 5:12 |
| Label | Metamorfosis, Warner Music |
| Songwriter(s) | Ricardo Arjona |
| Producer(s) | Ricardo Arjona, Dan Warner, Lee Levin |
| Ricardo Arjona singles chronology | |
| "Fuiste Tú"
(2012) "**Mi Novia Se Me Está Poniendo Vieja**"
(2012) "Te Quiero"
(2012) | |


title: Merry's Meadows

abstract: Merry's Meadows is a 12.4-hectare (31-acre) nature reserve west of Stretton in Rutland. It is managed by the Leicestershire and Rutland Wildlife Trust, and is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest under the name Greetham Meadows. This ridge and furrow meadow is the only known location in the county for the frog orchid. The soil is on boulder clay, and grasses include crested dog's-tail, sweet vernal-grass, upright brome, downy oat-grass and quaking grass. There are several ponds. The only access is by a 400 metre footpath from the Viking Way. The path runs along the left side of a hedge until about 100 metres from the entrance, when it crosses to the right side.

text:
# Merry's Meadows

**Merry's Meadows** is a 12.4-hectare (31-acre) nature reserve west of Stretton in Rutland. It is managed by the Leicestershire and Rutland Wildlife Trust, and is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest under the name **Greetham Meadows**.

This ridge and furrow meadow is the only known location in the county for the frog orchid. The soil is on boulder clay, and grasses include crested dog's-tail, sweet vernal-grass, upright brome, downy oat-grass and quaking grass. There are several ponds.

The only access is by a 400 metre footpath from the Viking Way. The path runs along the left side of a hedge until about 100 metres from the entrance, when it crosses to the right side.

52°43′52″N 0°36′43″W / 52.731°N 0.612°W / 52.731; -0.612

## InfoBox

Merry's Meadows
| Site of Special Scientific Interest | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Rutland |
| Grid reference | SK 938 157 |
| Interest | Biological |
| Area | 12.4 hectares |
| Notification | 1985 |
| Location map | *Magic Map* |


title: Mesostoma

abstract:
Mesostoma is a genus of Typhloplanidae. The genus was described in 1837 by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg. Synonym: Schizostomum Schmidt, 1848. Species:
  - Mesostoma ehrenbergii
  - Mesostoma tetragonum

text:
# Mesostoma

***Mesostoma*** is a genus of *Typhloplanidae*.

The genus was described in 1837 by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg.

Synonym: *Schizostomum* Schmidt, 1848 (nomen oblitum).

Species:

Media related to Mesostoma at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| *Mesostoma* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live *Mesostoma ehrenbergii* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Platyhelminthes |
| Order: | Rhabdocoela |
| Family: | Typhloplanidae |
| Genus: | *Mesostoma*<br>Ehrenberg, 1837 |
|


title: Mesostigmatophyceae

abstract: The Mesostigmatophyceae are a class of basal green algae found in freshwater. In a narrow circumscription, the class contains a single genus, Mesostigma. AlgaeBase then places the order within its circumscription of Charophyta. A clade containing Chlorokybus and Spirotaenia may either be added, or treated as a sister, with Chlorokybus placed in a separate class, Chlorokybophyceae. When broadly circumscribed, Mesostigmatophyceae may be placed as sister to all other green algae, or as sister to all Streptophyta.

text:
# Mesostigmatophyceae

The **Mesostigmatophyceae** are a class of basal green algae found in freshwater. In a narrow circumscription, the class contains a single genus, *Mesostigma*. AlgaeBase then places the order within its circumscription of Charophyta. A clade containing *Chlorokybus* and *Spirotaenia* may either be added, or treated as a sister, with *Chlorokybus* placed in a separate class, Chlorokybophyceae. When broadly circumscribed, Mesostigmatophyceae may be placed as sister to all other green algae, or as sister to all Streptophyta.

## InfoBox

| Mesostigmatophyceae | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| *Clade*: | Viridiplantae |
| (unranked): | Charophyta |
| Class: | Mesostigmatophyceae
Marin & Melkonian, 1999 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Mesostigma viride* Lauterborn
 | |


title: Miaoshan High-tech Industrial Park

abstract:
Miaoshan High-tech Industrial Park is a high tech industrial park in Jiangxia District, Wuhan, Hubei province, China. As of 2020, it has 7 urban communities and 7 villages under its administration:
  - Communities
  - Meinanshan Community (梅南山社区)
  - Tangxunhu Community (汤逊湖社区)
  - Baoli Community (保利社区)
  - Meijia Community (美加社区)
  - Yangguang Community (阳光社区)
  - Pu'an Community (普安社区)
  - Xiangyang Community (向阳社区)
  - Villages
  - Miaoshan Village
  - Pu'an Village (普安村)
  - Xiangyang Village (向阳村)
  - Xingfu Village (幸福村)
  - Wushu Village (邬树村)
  - Huashanwu Village (花山吴村)
  - Xiaozhafang Village (肖榨坊村)

text:
# Miaoshan High-tech Industrial Park

**Miaoshan High-tech Industrial Park** (Chinese: 庙山高新技术产业园; pinyin: *Miàoshān Gāoxīn Jìshù Chǎnyè Yuán*) is a high tech industrial park in Jiangxia District, Wuhan, Hubei province, China. As of 2020, it has 7 urban communities and 7 villages under its administration:

Communities * Meinanshan Community (梅南山社区)
* Tangxunhu Community (汤逊湖社区)
* Baoli Community (保利社区)
* Meijia Community (美加社区)
* Yangguang Community (阳光社区)
* Pu'an Community (普安社区)
* Xiangyang Community (向阳社区)

Villages * Miaoshan Village
* Pu'an Village (普安村)
* Xiangyang Village (向阳村)
* Xingfu Village (幸福村)
* Wushu Village (邬树村)
* Huashanwu Village (花山吴村)
* Xiaozhafang Village (肖榨坊村)

## InfoBox

| Miaoshan High-tech Industrial Park 庙山高新技术产业园 | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Miaoshan Railway Station | |
| Miaoshan High-tech Industrial ParkLocation in Hubei | |
| Coordinates: 30°26′08″N 114°22′57″E / 30.4355°N 114.3826°E / 30.4355; 114.3826 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Hubei |
| Prefecture-level city | Wuhan |
| District | Jiangxia District |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |


title: Metsanurga, Kiili Parish

abstract: Metsanurga is a village in Kiili Parish, Harju County in northern Estonia.

text:
# Metsanurga, Kiili Parish

**Metsanurga** is a village in Kiili Parish, Harju County in northern Estonia.

59°16′45″N 24°55′54″E / 59.27917°N 24.93167°E / 59.27917; 24.93167

## InfoBox

| Metsanurga | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Country | Estonia |
| County | Harju County |
| Parish | Kiili Parish |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


title: Metsanurga, Lääne-Viru County

abstract: Metsanurga is a village in Haljala Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia.

text:
# Metsanurga, Lääne-Viru County

**Metsanurga** is a village in Haljala Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia.

59°31′N 26°00′E / 59.517°N 26.000°E / 59.517; 26.000

## InfoBox

| Metsanurga | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Country | Estonia |
| County | Lääne-Viru County |
| Parish | Haljala Parish |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


title: Metsapere, Hiiu County

abstract: Metsapere is a village in Hiiumaa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.

text:
# Metsapere, Hiiu County

**Metsapere** is a village in Hiiumaa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.

## InfoBox

| Metsapere | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Metsapere | |
| Coordinates: 58°47′43″N 22°29′26″E / 58.79528°N 22.49056°E / 58.79528; 22.49056 | |
| Country | Estonia |
| County | Hiiu County |
| Parish | Hiiumaa Parish |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


title: Methylcyclohexanone

abstract: Methylcyclohexanones are a group of three isomers: 2-methylcyclohexanone, 3-methylcyclohexanone, and 4-methylcyclohexanone. They can be viewed as derivative of cyclohexanone. They can be prepared by oxidation of methylcyclohexane as well as partial hydrogenation of the corresponding cresols. All are colorless liquids. The 2- and 3-isomers are chiral.

text:
# Methylcyclohexanone

**Methylcyclohexanones** are a group of three isomers: 2-methylcyclohexanone, 3-methylcyclohexanone, and 4-methylcyclohexanone. They can be viewed as derivative of cyclohexanone. They can be prepared by oxidation of methylcyclohexane as well as partial hydrogenation of the corresponding cresols. All are colorless liquids. The 2- and 3-isomers are chiral.

Methylcyclohexanones
| Isomer | Structure | CAS RN | m.p. (°C) | b.p. (°C) | density (g/cm3) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2-Methylcyclohexanone |  | 583-60-8 | −13.9 | 165.1 | 0.925 |
| 3-Methylcyclohexanone |  | 591-24-2 | −73.5 | 170.0 | 0.920 |
| 4-Methylcyclohexanone |  | 589-92-4 | −40.6 | 171.3 | 0.916 |

1. Musser, Michael Tuttle (2000). "Cyclohexanol and Cyclohexanone". *Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry*. doi:10.1002/14356007.a08\_217. ISBN 3527306730.


title: Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase

abstract: Methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase is a biotin-requiring enzyme located in the mitochondria. MCC uses bicarbonate as a carboxyl group source to catalyze the carboxylation of a carbon adjacent to a carbonyl group performing the fourth step in processing leucine, an essential amino acid.

text:
# Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase

| Methylcrotonoyl-coenzyme A carboxylase 1 (alpha) | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | MCCC1 |
| NCBI gene | 56922 |
| HGNC | 6936 |
| OMIM | 609010 |
| RefSeq | NM\_020166 |
| UniProt | Q96RQ3 |
| Other data | |
| EC number | 6.4.1.4 |
| Locus | Chr. 3 *q27.1* |
| Search for  Structures Swiss-model  Domains InterPro | |

| Methylcrotonoyl-coenzyme A carboxylase 2 (beta) | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | MCCC2 |
| NCBI gene | 64087 |
| HGNC | 6937 |
| OMIM | 609014 |
| RefSeq | NM\_022132 |
| UniProt | Q9HCC0 |
| Other data | |
| EC number | 6.4.1.4 |
| Locus | Chr. 5 *q12-q13* |
| Search for  Structures Swiss-model  Domains InterPro | |

**Methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase** (EC 6.4.1.4, MCC) (**3-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase**, **methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase**) is a biotin-requiring enzyme located in the mitochondria. MCC uses bicarbonate as a carboxyl group source to catalyze the carboxylation of a carbon adjacent to a carbonyl group performing the fourth step in processing leucine, an essential amino acid.

## Structure

### Gene

Human MCC is a biotin dependent mitochondrial enzyme formed by the two subunits MCCCα and MCCCβ, encoded by *MCCC1* and *MCCC2* respectively. MCCC1 gene has 21 exons and resides on chromosome 3 at q27. MCCC2 gene has 19 exons and resides on chromosome 5 at q12-q13.

### Protein

The enzyme contains α and β subunits. Human MCCCα is composed of 725 amino acids which harbor a covalently bound biotin essential for the ATP-dependent carboxylation; MCCCβ has 563 amino acids that possess carboxyltransferase activity which presumably is essential for binding to 3-methylcrotonyl CoA. The MCC holoenzyme is thought to be a heterododecamer (6α6β) with close structural analogy to propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC), another biotin dependent mitochondrial carboxylase.

## Function

During branched-chain amino acid degradation, MCC performs a single step in the breakdown of leucine to eventually yield acetyl CoA and acetoacetate. MCC catalyzes the carboxylation of 3-methylcrotonyl CoA to 3-methylglutaconyl CoA, a critical step for leucine and isovaleric acid catabolism in species including mammals, plants and bacteria. 3-Methylglutaconyl CoA is then hydrated to produce 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA is cleaved into two molecules, acetoacetate and acetyl CoA.

Point mutations and deletion events in the genes coding for MCC can lead to MCC deficiency, an inborn error of metabolism which usually presents with vomiting, metabolic acidosis, very low plasma glucose concentration, and very low levels of carnitine in plasma.

## Mechanism

Bicarbonate is activated by the addition of ATP, increasing the reactivity of bicarbonate. Once bicarbonate is activated, the biotin portion of MCC performs nucleophilic attack on the activated bicarbonate to form enzyme-bound carboxybiotin. The carboxybiotin portion of MCC can then undergo nucleophilic attack transferring the carboxyl group to the substrate, 3-methylcrotonyl CoA, to form 3-methylglutaconyl CoA.

## Regulation

MCC is covalently modified and inhibited by intermediates of leucine catabolism including 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA, 3-methylglutaryl-CoA, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA that act as reactive acyl species on MCC in a negative feedback loop. SIRT4 activates MCC and upregulates leucine catabolism by removing acyl residues that modified MCC.

## Clinical significance

In humans, MCC deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder whose clinical presentations range from benign to profound metabolic acidosis and death in infancy. Defective mutations in either the α or β subunit have been shown to cause the MCC-deficient syndrome. The typical diagnostic test is the elevated urinary excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid and 3-methylcrotonylglycine. Patients with MCC deficiency usually have normal growth and development before the first acute episode, such as convulsions or coma, that usually occurs between the age of 6-months to 3-years.

## Interactions

MCC has been shown to interact with TRI6 in Fusarium graminearum.

## InfoBox

| methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase3-methylcrotonoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)beta-methylcrotonyl coenzyme A carboxylaseMCCCmethylcrotonyl coenzyme A carboxylasebeta-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylasebeta-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase | | |
| External IDs | GeneCards: ; OMA:\- orthologs | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     n/a   n/a   RefSeq (protein)     n/a   n/a   Location (UCSC) n/a n/a  PubMed search n/a n/a | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human | | | |


title: Meyer (surname)

abstract: Meyer is an originally German, Dutch and Jewish surname. With its numerous variants, it is a common German surname. Its original meaning in Middle High German is from mei(g)er, "manager", derived from Latin maior domus, i.e. "headman of a household", later on also meaning "tenant" or "(free) farmer". It is therefore a rough equivalent of the English Steward, which has also been turned into surnames such as Stuart. This appellation was also frequently used to form longer, more specific surnames such as Bergmair or Niedermeier. Some German Jews adopted Meyer or a variant thereof as a surname when they assimilated to German culture in the 18th century, as it is close to the Hebrew first name Me'ir (מֵאִיר), "shining, enlightened".

text:
# Meyer (surname)

**Meyer** is an originally German, Dutch and Jewish surname. With its numerous variants (Myer, Meyr, Meier, Meijer, Mayer, Maier, Mayr, Mair, Miers, etc.), it is a common German surname. Its original meaning in Middle High German is from *mei(g)er*, "manager (of a lord's country estate)", derived from Latin *maior domus*, i.e. "headman of a household" (cf. mayor), later on also meaning "tenant" or "(free) farmer". It is therefore a rough equivalent of the English Steward, which has also been turned into surnames such as Stuart.

This appellation was also frequently used to form longer, more specific surnames such as Bergmair or Niedermeier. Some German Jews adopted *Meyer* or a variant thereof as a surname when they assimilated to German culture in the 18th century, as it is close to the Hebrew first name *Me'ir* (מֵאִיר), "shining, enlightened".

## Geographical distribution

In 2014, the surname Meyer was most often found (by percentage of the population) in Germany, Switzerland, Luxembourg and South Africa. The name ranked 6th in Germany and 8th in Switzerland.

## Notable people

### A–D

### E–K

### L–Z

## InfoBox

Meyer
| Origin | |
| --- | --- |
| Region of origin | German-speaking Europe, Netherlands, Flanders, Eastern Europe |


title: Mi'gmawei Mawiomi Secretariat

abstract: The Mi'gmawei Mawiomi Secretariat is a political organization and a tribal council representing the Mi'gmaq people of Gespe’gewa’gi, the 7th district of Mi'gma'gi, the national territory of the Mi'kmaq. The territory of Gespe’gewa’gi includes eight Mi'gmaq communities. The tribal council of Mi'gmawei Mawiomi is composed of three Indian bands: Gesgapegiag, Gespeg and Listuguj. Together the three bands has a cumulative registered population of 6,295 members in 2016. The organization is headquartered at Listuguj. In 2007, Mi'gmawei Mawiomi delivered a declaration titled Nm’tginen Me’mnaq Ejiglignmuetueg Gis Na Naqtmueg to the governments of Canada and Quebec.

text:
# Mi'gmawei Mawiomi Secretariat

The **Mi'gmawei Mawiomi Secretariat** is a political organization and a tribal council representing the Mi'gmaq people of Gespe’gewa’gi, the 7th district of Mi'gma'gi, the national territory of the Mi'kmaq. The territory of Gespe’gewa’gi includes eight Mi'gmaq communities. The tribal council of Mi'gmawei Mawiomi is composed of three Indian bands: Gesgapegiag, Gespeg and Listuguj. Together the three bands has a cumulative registered population of 6,295 members in 2016. The organization is headquartered at Listuguj.

In 2007, Mi'gmawei Mawiomi delivered a declaration titled **Nm’tginen Me’mnaq Ejiglignmuetueg Gis Na Naqtmueg** ("Our Territory: We never gave it and We never left it") to the governments of Canada and Quebec.

## List of bands

Three Indian bands are part of the tribal council of Mi'gmawei Mawioni Secretariat.

| Number | Official name of the band | Headquarter location | Registered population<br>as of November 2016 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 53 | La Nation Micmac de Gespeg | Gaspé, Quebec (Fontenelle) | 782 |
| 51 | Listuguj Mi'gmaq Government | Listuguj Mi'gmaq First Nation | 4,015 |
| 52 | Micmacs of Gesgapegiag | Maria, Quebec | 1,498 |


title: Mezcal Head

abstract: Mezcal Head is the second studio album by English alternative rock band Swervedriver. It was released on 27 September 1993 by Creation Records in the United Kingdom and on 5 October 1993 by A&M Records in the United States.

text:
# Mezcal Head

***Mezcal Head*** is the second studio album by English alternative rock band Swervedriver. It was released on 27 September 1993 by Creation Records in the United Kingdom and on 5 October 1993 by A&M Records in the United States.

## Background and release

In 1993, Swervedriver re-emerged with the core of Adam Franklin and Jimmy Hartridge, along with newly recruited drummer Jez Hindmarsh (a.k.a. "Jez"), and released *Mezcal Head*. The album gave them their most successful UK single at number 60, "Duel", which *NME* named its "single of the week" and for which a music video was released. Franklin and Hartridge both perform bass on the album, as they were left without a bassist when Adi Vines departed before recording began.

"Never Lose That Feeling", from the 1992 EP of the same name, and the extended instrumental "Never Learn" were added as a single bonus track to the US edition of the CD. Swervedriver toured US arenas with The Smashing Pumpkins and Shudder to Think in October and November 1993.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The A.V. Club* | A |
| *Blurt* | 8/10 |
| *Entertainment Weekly* | B |
| *Mojo* |  |
| *NME* | 8/10 |
| *Pitchfork* | 8.0/10 |
| *PopMatters* | 9/10 |
|  |  |
| *Spectrum Culture* | 4.5/5 |

*Alternative Press* ranked *Mezcal Head* at numbers 39 and 90 on its "90 Greatest Albums of the '90s" and "Top 99 of '85–'95" lists respectively. It was also ranked at number 265 on *Spin*'s "The 300 Best Albums of the Past 30 Years (1985–2014)" list. *Pitchfork* ranked the album at number 10 on its list of "The 50 Best Shoegaze Albums of All Time" in 2016.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Swervedriver, except where noted

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "For Seeking Heat" | 3:48 |
| 2. | "Duel" | 6:19 |
| 3. | "Blowin' Cool" | 3:55 |
| 4. | "MM Abduction" | 2:51 |
| 5. | "Last Train to Satansville" | 6:45 |
| 6. | "Harry & Maggie (Dragging It Under)" | 5:27 |
| 7. | "A Change Is Gonna Come" | 4:01 |
| 8. | "Girl on a Motorbike" | 4:09 |
| 9. | "Duress" (Marc Waterman) | 8:03 |
| 10. | "You Find It Everywhere" | 4:10 |

US edition bonus track
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 11. | "Never Lose That Feeling/Never Learn" | 11:51 |

Japanese edition bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 11. | "Planes Over the Skyline" | 4:41 |
| 12. | "Year of the Girl" | 5:24 |

2008 reissue bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 11. | "Never Lose That Feeling/Never Learn" (mislabeled as "Never Lose That Feeling") | 11:51 |
| 12. | "Planes Over the Skyline" | 5:24 |
| 13. | "Hitcher" | 3:27 |
| 14. | "Cars Converge on Paris" | 6:31 |

## More information

The UK CD has "Mickey" and "Dragging It Under" printed on the CD as tracks 4 and 6. The US CD has "Harry and Maggie (Dragging It Under)" printed on the CD as track 6. The US promo is identical to the official release except that it has the word "PROMOTIONAL" printed on the CD. The Japanese edition comes with a biography and lyrics.

The tracks "Duel" and "Last Train to Satansville" were featured in the Sega Saturn, Sony PlayStation and 3DO versions of the game *Road Rash*.

"Duel" was featured in the 1994 video game Road Rash and in the 2008 video game *Burnout Paradise*. "Mezcal" is censored from the song's album listing in the game due to connotations with alcoholic beverages.

## Personnel

Credits for *Mezcal Head* adapted from liner notes.

## Charts

| Chart (1993) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 55 |

## InfoBox

| Mezcal Head | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Swervedriver | |
| Released | 27 September 1993 (1993-09-27) |
| Studio | * Trident 2 * Famous Castle * First Protocol * Splatterhouse * Broadwater Farm |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 48:58 |
| Label | Creation |
| Producer |  |
| Swervedriver chronology | |
| *Raise*
(1991) ***Mezcal Head***
(1993) *Ejector Seat Reservation*
(1995) | |


title: Michael Dante

abstract: Michael Dante is an American actor and former professional minor league baseball player.

text:
# Michael Dante

**Michael Dante** (born **Ralph Vitti**, September 2, 1931) is an American actor and former professional minor league baseball player.

## Early life

Dante was born Ralph Vitti in Stamford, Connecticut on September 2, 1931. Growing up, he would sneak into a local movie theater with his friends to watch Westerns. "I grew up wanting to be the sidekick of The Lone Ranger and wanting to follow my heroes", Dante told a reporter in 2006.

He was a shortstop on the Stamford High School baseball team, then played for "The Advocate All-Stars" team which won a 1949 New England baseball championship. After graduating from high school, as Ralph Vitti signed a bonus contract with the Boston Braves. He used his $6,000 bonus to buy his family a four-door Buick with whitewalls.

## Career

During spring training with the former Washington Senators, Dante took drama classes at the University of Miami. Bandleader Tommy Dorsey arranged a screen test for him at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. His first film, *Somebody Up There Likes Me*, was released in 1956. He changed his name at the urging of studio boss Jack L. Warner, who thought "Vitti" would not fit well on theater marquees. Warner suggested some first names, from which the actor picked "Michael". He chose the last name "Dante" as it had belonged to some relatives.

Dante has appeared in 30 films and 150 television shows. He spent seven years in supporting roles under contract to three major studios at once: MGM, Warner Brothers and Twentieth Century Fox. He considers his best performances the role that he played in *Killer Instinct* on the CBS television series *Desilu Playhouse*, along with his roles in the movies *Westbound* (1959), *Seven Thieves* (1960) and *Winterhawk* (1975).

Other film credits include *Fort Dobbs* (1958), *Kid Galahad* (1962), *Operation Bikini* (1963), *The Naked Kiss* (1964), *Apache Rifles* (1964), *Harlow* (1965), *Arizona Raiders* (1965), *Willard* (1971), *That's the Way of the World* (1975), *The Farmer* (1977), *Missile X: The Neutron Bomb Incident* (1978), *Beyond Evil* (1980), *Return from the River Kwai* (1989), and *Cage* (1989).

Dante appeared on a few ABC/Warner Brothers series, including the Westerns *Colt .45*. On *Maverick*, he portrayed the killer Turk Mason in the 1957 episode "The Third Rider", with Jack Kelly. He appeared on *Bourbon Street Beat*, *Rescue 8*, and in three episodes of CBS's *The Texan*.

Dante made two guest appearances on *Perry Mason* starring Raymond Burr. In 1959, he played Arthur Manning in "The Case of the Dangerous Dowager", and, in 1965, he played murder victim Douglas Kelland in "The Case of the Feather Cloak."

He appeared on *Star Trek* television series in the role of "Maab" in the 1967 episode, "Friday's Child" alongside Julie Newmar. Dante has appeared at *Star Trek* conventions.

In 1969, he played Clay Squires, a bitter young half-breed man, in the episode "Long Night at Fort Lonely" on the syndicated *Death Valley Days*, with Robert Taylor (actor) as Ben Cotterman and June Dayton as Cotterman's wife, Rachel and in 1972 he played a harried TV commercial director in *My Three Sons*. In 1974, he played Julio Tucelli in *The Six Million Dollar Man* episode, "Dr. Wells Is Missing". Dante had recurring roles on the television serials *Days of Our Lives* and *General Hospital*.

In the 1970s, Dante met John Wayne, whom he watched on screen as a child. Wayne had seen Dante in *Winterhawk* and asked him to co-host a charity event in Newport Beach, California. That started a friendship between the two actors, and they co-hosted other events until Wayne's death in 1979.

Michael Dante hosted his own syndicated radio talk show, from 1995 to 2007, called *On Deck* and previously known as the *Michael Dante Celebrity Talk Show*. His program guests included Milton Berle, Tony Curtis, Ron Ely, Bryant Gumbel, Stack Pierce, Connie Stevens and Stella Stevens. An avid golfer, he once hosted the annual Michael Dante Celebrity Golf Tournament, a charitable fund-raiser held annually in Palm Springs, California, beginning in 1991.

In 2006, Dante told an interviewer that he had written a script for a sequel to *Winterhawk* and was trying to get funding for the projected movie.

## Awards

* The Silver Spur Award (called the "Golden Globe of the Western film and television genre") presented by Reel Cowboys
* The Golden Boot Award ("the Oscar of Westerns")
* Southern California Motion Picture Council Award for the 'Best of the Best' in the Motion Picture Industry
* Wall of Fame Honoree – Stamford High School – Stamford, Connecticut
* Spirit of the West Award by Wild West Gazette/Bison Western Museum
* Palm Springs Film Festival Award for the Sammy Fuller classic film *The Naked Kiss*
* 1994 – Golden Palm Star on the Walk of Stars
* Apacheland Days, Apache Junction, Arizona – Guest of Honor – Western boot prints in cement – Superstition Mountain Museum

## Filmography

Film
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1956 | *Somebody Up There Likes Me* | Shorty the Greek | (uncredited) |
| 1957 | *Jeanne Eagels* | Sgt. O'Hara in 'Rain' | (uncredited) |
| 1958 | *Fort Dobbs* | Billings |  |
| 1958 | *Born Reckless* | Cowboy Dancing with Jackie | (uncredited) |
| 1959 | *Westbound* | Rod Miller |  |
| 1960 | *Seven Thieves* | Louis Antonizz |  |
| 1962 | *Kid Galahad* | Joie Shakes |  |
| 1963 | *Operation Bikini* | Lt. William 'Bill' Fourtney |  |
| 1964 | *The Naked Kiss* | Grant |  |
| 1964 | *Apache Rifles* | Red Hawk |  |
| 1965 | *Harlow* | Ed |  |
| 1965 | *Arizona Raiders* | Brady |  |
| 1971 | *Willard* | Brandt |  |
| 1973 | *Thirty Dangerous Seconds* | Timothy Sills |  |
| 1975 | *That's the Way of the World* | Mike Lemongello |  |
| 1975 | *Winterhawk* | Winterhawk |  |
| 1977 | *The Farmer* | Johnny O. |  |
| 1979 | *Missile X: The Neutron Bomb Incident* | Konstanine Senyonov |  |
| 1980 | *Beyond Evil* | Del Giorgio |  |
| 1983 | *The Big Score* | Goldy |  |
| 1986 | *The Messenger* | Emerson |  |
| 1989 | *Return from the River Kwai* | Commander Davidson |  |
| 1989 | *Cage* | Tony Baccola |  |
| 2020 | *Unbelievable!!!!!* | Michael Dante |  |

Television
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1957-1958 | *Sugarfoot* | Mike Wilson / Walt Lane / Ken Brazwell | 3 episodes |
| 1957-1958 | *Colt .45* | Ab Saunders / Davey Bryant | 2 episodes |
| 1957-1958 | *Cheyenne* | Billy Bob / Whitey / Lt. Dowd / ... | 4 episodes |
| 1958 | *Tales of the Texas Rangers* | Alfredo | Episode: "Edge of Danger" |
| 1958 | *Rescue 8* | Mickey | Episode: "The Steel Mountain" |
| 1959 | *Lawman* | Jack McCall | Episode: "The Captives" |
| 1959 | *The Adventures of Rin Tin Tin* | Ramon Estrada | Episode: "The Matador" |
| 1957-1959 | *Maverick* | Joe / Turk Mason / Sam Harris | 3 Episodes |
| 1959 | *Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse* | Angel | Episode: "The Killer Instinct" |
| 1959 | *The Texan* | Steve Chambers | 4 episodes |
| 1960 | *Bourbon Street Beat* | Gunner Doyle | Episode: "Inside Man" |
| 1960 | *General Electric Theater* | Holofernes | Episode: "The Story of Judith" |
| 1961 | *Checkmate* | Trumpet Player | Episode: "Voyage Into Fear" |
| 1961 | *The Detectives* | Joe Rano | Episode: "The Champ" |
| 1961 | *Cain's Hundred* | Danny Speckter | Episode: "Final Judgment: Alexander Marish" |
| 1962 | *87th Precinct* | Larry Brooks | Episode: "Idol in the Dust" |
| 1963 | *Hawaiian Eye* | Harry Larcombe | Episode: "Go Steady with Danger" |
| 1959-1965 | *Perry Mason* | Douglas Kelland / Arthur Manning | 2 Episodes |
| 1965 | *Bonanza* | Miguel Ortega | Episode: "The Brass Box" |
| 1965 | *Days of Our Lives* | Barney Jannings | (1984) |
| 1966 | *Get Smart* | Savage | Episode: "Kisses for KAOS" |
| 1967 | *Star Trek: The Original Series* | Maab | Episode: "Friday's Child" |
| 1967 | *Custer* | Crazy Horse | 16 Episodes |
| 1968 | *The Big Valley* | Francisco | Episode: "Deathtown" |
| 1959-1969 | *Death Valley Days* | Clay Squires / Capt. Richard Rocha | 2 Episodes |
| 1969 | *Daniel Boone* | Akari | Episode: "For a Few Rifles" |
| 1972 | *My Three Sons* | Perry Perigrine | Episode: "TV Triplets" |
| 1974 | *The Six Million Dollar Man* | Julio Tucelli | Episode: "Dr. Wells Is Missing" |
| 1980 | *The Magical World of Disney* | Ross | Episode: "The Kids Who Knew Too Much" |
| 1980 | *The Kids Who Knew Too Much* | Ross | TV movie |
| 1982 | *Knots Landing* | Captain Alving | Episode: "Night" |
| 1983-1984 | *The Fall Guy* | Oscar Fields / Tommy | 2 Episodes |
| 1986 | *Simon & Simon* | Mr. Tobias | Episode: "Tonsillitis" |
| 1987 | *Cagney & Lacey* | Paul Bennet | Episode: "Right to Remain Silent" |
| 2018 | *Find Your Future Reality* | Michael Dante |  |
|

## InfoBox

| Michael Dante | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Ralph Vitti
(1931-09-02) September 2, 1931
Stamford, Connecticut, U.S. |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1956–present |
| Spouse | Mary Jane Dante |


title: Michael Daniel Ambatchew

abstract: Michael Daniel Ambatchew (1967-2012) was an Ethiopian children's book writer. He has written Sidama Tales and Alemayehu. Although an admirer of Western stories like Puss in Boots, he has been active in improving the publishing of a more native Ethiopian children's literature, and has also written on literature in general.

text:
# Michael Daniel Ambatchew

**Michael Daniel Ambatchew** (1967-2012) was an Ethiopian children's book writer. He has written *Sidama Tales* and *Alemayehu*. Although an admirer of Western stories like Puss in Boots, he has been active in improving the publishing of a more native Ethiopian children's literature, and has also written on literature in general.

## Life and career

Michael was born in Moscow to an Ethiopian father and an Indian mother He attended Addis Ababa University, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1987.

## Selected works

### Books

* *Animal Tales of Sidama* (1998)
* *Bongani in Addis* (1998)
* *A Cluster of Rejections* (1999)
* *Alemayehu* (2006)
* *Mimi Mystery* (2012)

1. "African Books Collective: Michael Daniel Ambatchew". *www.africanbookscollective.com*. Retrieved 2018-01-20.
2. Penson, Jonathan (2011). *Next Steps in Managing Teacher Migration: Papers of the Sixth Commonwealth Research Symposium on Teacher Mobility, Recruitment and Migration : Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 8-9 June 2011*. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: 2012. pp. iii. ISBN 978-9230010973.
3. "Ambatchew, Michael Daniel". *Ambatchew, Michael Daniel - Oxford Reference*. Oxford University Press. 2006. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195146561.001.0001. ISBN 9780195146561. Retrieved 2018-01-19.
4. Ambatchew, Michael Daniel (2006). *Alemayehu*. On Demand Publishing. ISBN 1419632701.

## InfoBox

| Michael Daniel Ambatchew | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1967-03-07)7 March 1967<br>Moscow, Russia |
| Died | 25 October 2012(2012-10-25) (aged 45) |
| Occupation | Writer |
| Nationality | Ethiopian |
| Education | Addis Ababa University |
| Genre | Children's picture books |


title: Michael Jahnn

abstract: Michael Jahnn is a Habsburg prelate of the Catholic Church who served as the bishop of Duvno from 1658 to 1663. Warned several times by the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith for not taking care of his diocese, Jahnn was suspended in 1663. Jahnn served as the provincial of the Franciscan Province of Bohemia from 1650 to 1658, contributing to the renovation of churches and friaries after their devastation during the Thirty Years' War.

text:
# Michael Jahnn

**Michael Jahnn** OFM (died 1665) is a Habsburg prelate of the Catholic Church who served as the bishop of Duvno from 1658 to 1663. Warned several times by the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith for not taking care of his diocese, Jahnn was suspended in 1663. Jahnn served as the provincial of the Franciscan Province of Bohemia from 1650 to 1658, contributing to the renovation of churches and friaries after their devastation during the Thirty Years' War.

## Early life

Jahnn was born to a Protestant family from Pomerania at the end of the 16th or the beginning of the 17th century. It is unknown when he converted to Catholicism or when he became a Franciscan. He was a member of the Franciscan Province of Bohemia. In 1634, he was appointed as a definitor and the guardian of the Our Lady of the Snows friary. He was a guardian in other friaries, and he was appointed a definitor again in 1647.

During the Thirty Years' War between the Catholics and the Protestants, Jahnn contributed largely to the Catholic side and the Habsburg monarchy. For this reason, he was appreciated by Emperor Ferdinand III and his son Leopold I. In 1650, he became the provincial of the Bohemian Province and contributed to the renovation of the Province and reconstruction of many friaries, especially the one in Brno demolished by the Swedes.

## Episcopate

For his contribution to the Church and the Habsburg monarchy, Cardinal Ernst Adalbert of Harrach the of archbishop of Prague proposed he be appointed a bishop in one of the dioceses in a territory under non-Catholic control. At the same time, the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith received the news that Pavao Posilović, the bishop of Duvno and administrator of Skradin had died. Thus, at its session on 26 February 1657, the Congregation discussed Harrach's proposal to appoint Jahnn as the bishop of either Duvno or Skradin. On 3 September 1657, after the nuncio in Vienna delivered information on the status of the dioceses and Jahnn's person, the Congregation proposed the Pope to appoint Jahnn the residential bishop of Duvno. The Pope confirmed the appointment on 15 September. Jahnn was officially promoted at a secret consistory held on 14 January 1658. The same year, he was consecrated in Prague with Harrach as his principal consecrator.

The appointment as a residential bishop under the Ottomans was received unwillingly by Jahnn and those who proposed him as the bishop. During his *ad limina* visit to Rome, the bishop of Bosnia Marijan Maravić informed the Congregation that a bishop cannot reside in the Diocese of Duvno due to devastation and exodus of the Catholic populace in the diocese. Nevertheless, on 13 May 1658, the Congregation warned Jahnn for not taking over his diocese, which Jahnn wasn't willing to do. At the end of spring 1659, Jahnn travelled to Dalmatia to visit the diocese and take it over. During that time, the Venetians and the Ottomans were fighting the Cretan War, which devastated the diocese, while its population fled to the nearby mountains or Dalmatia. Jahnn received information on the status of his diocese from the expelled Franciscans who brought with them some 3,000 Catholics from the areas of Livno, Duvno, Glamoč, Uskoplje and northern Neretva in 1659. The Franciscans from Rama itself brought 5,000 Catholic refugees. Learning about the situation, Jahnn went to Senj from where he informed Francesco Barberini, the prefect of the Congregation on 24 July 1659 about the poor condition of his diocese, simultaneously asking him for the instructions. The Congregation discussed his report on 22 November 1659 and instructed him to reside nearby. While waiting for the answer, Jahnn returned to the court in Vienna, apparently to resolve the issue of his maintenance. He never returned. Ante Škegro also writes that it is possible that the Bosnian Franciscans were also unwilling to have a foreign bishop on the territory of the Ottoman Bosnia and Herzegovina during an ongoing war. Thus, Škegro points out that Maravić, during his *ad limina* visit, failed to mention that the bishop could reside in some of the Franciscan friaries.

On 26 March 1661, the State Secretary Cardinal Flavio Chigi complained about Jahnn to Nuncio Carlo Carafa della Spina, stating: "He never wanted to hear a word about residing". He was warned several times for not taking over his diocese, so much so that 1662 he excused himself due to illness. The Church didn't believe him, which led the nuncio to suspend him from his episcopal duties, which was confirmed by the Congregation on 5 June 1663. Dominik Mandić writes that Jahnn was indeed ill, as he was unable to move from his home in Bruck an der Mur from December 1662, when he was carried out on a stretcher to be seen by a papal delegate. He died in 1665.

## Footnotes

### Books

* Mandić, Dominik (1936). *Duvanjska biskupija od XIV.–XVII. stoljeća* \[*The Diocese of Duvno from 14th to 17th century*\] (in Croatian). Zagreb: Tisak nadbiskupske tiskare.
* Škegro, Ante (2002). *Na rubu opstanka: Duvanjska biskupija od utemeljenja do uključenja u Bosanski apostolski vikarijat* \[*On the verge of existence: the Diocese of Duvno from its foundation till inclusion in the Vicarate of Bosnia*\] (in Croatian). Zagreb: Dom i svijet. ISBN 9536491850.


title: Michael Dingsdag

abstract: Michael Christiaan Dingsdag is a Dutch former professional footballer who played as a central defender. He is currently working as a youth coach at NAC Breda.

text:
# Michael Dingsdag

**Michael Christiaan Dingsdag** (born 18 October 1982) is a Dutch former professional footballer who played as a central defender. He is currently working as a youth coach at NAC Breda.

## Club career

Born in Amsterdam, Dingsdag began his youth career at the age of six in 1988 in his hometown with DWS, before being scouted in 1999 by Vitesse. After two years in the youth side of Vitesse/AGOVV, he was promoted to the first team of Vitesse in July 2001 competing in the top tier Eredivisie. In five years at the club, he made 90 appearances and scored three goals, before signing with league rivals Heerenveen in June 2006.

Dingsdag then enjoyed a five-year stint in Switzerland, with three seasons at Sion, and another two at Grasshoppers.

In summer 2015, Dingsdag returned to the Netherlands to sign a two-year deal with Eerste Divisie club NAC Breda. He finished his professional career after one year to become youth coach at NAC. He joined amateur side Veensche Boys at the same time to continue playing at amateur level.

## Honours

**Heerenveen**

**Sion**

## InfoBox

Michael Dingsdag
| Dingsdag with Sion in 2012 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Michael Christiaan Dingsdag | | |
| Date of birth | (1982-10-18) 18 October 1982 | | |
| Place of birth | Amsterdam, Netherlands | | |
| Height | 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Centre back<br>Defensive midfielder | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 1988–1999 | DWS | | |
| 1999–2001 | Vitesse | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2001–2006 | Vitesse | 90 | (3) |
| 2006–2010 | Heerenveen | 117 | (2) |
| 2010–2013 | Sion | 95 | (2) |
| 2013–2015 | Grasshoppers | 48 | (1) |
| 2015–2016 | NAC Breda | 22 | (0) |
| 2016–2018 | Veensche Boys | 39 | (2) |
| Total |  | **411** | **(10)** |
| International career | | | |
| 2004 | Netherlands U23 | 2 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Michael James Casey

abstract: Michael James Casey, was a British Blenheim bomber pilot of Irish descent who was taken prisoner during the Second World War. He took part in the 'Great Escape' from Stalag Luft III in March 1944, but was one of the men re-captured and subsequently shot by the Gestapo.

text:
# Michael James Casey

**Michael James Casey** (19 February 1918 – 31 March 1944), was a British Blenheim bomber pilot of Irish descent who was taken prisoner during the Second World War. He took part in the 'Great Escape' from Stalag Luft III in March 1944, but was one of the men re-captured and subsequently shot by the Gestapo.

## Pre-war life

Casey was born in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, where his father was the inspector general of police for the entire province. Casey was educated in Clongowes Wood College near Dublin, and later at Stonyhurst College boarding school. At both places, he excelled at boxing, rugby and cricket. On finishing school, he applied for a short service commission and joined the Royal Air Force as a flight cadet at the RAF College Cranwell passing out as an acting pilot officer on 1 August 1936. He was then posted to No. 57 Squadron RAF at Upper Heyford on 24 March 1937 to fly Hawker Hind bomber aircraft. Casey was confirmed in his rank on 29 June 1937. The squadron later converted to Bristol Blenheim light bombers in May 1938 and Casey was promoted to flying officer on 29 March 1939. On 19 September 1939 he married Marjorie, the sister of a friend.

## War service

Serving as a Blenheim bomber pilot still with 57 Squadron, Casey went to France with his unit in late September 1939 where his operational war service was brief as he was shot down very soon afterwards. He was promoted to flight lieutenant on 3 September 1940 while in captivity.

## Prisoner of war

Tasked with a reconnaissance mission over the Wesel-Bocholt area of Germany, Casey took off from the airfield at Etain at 1100 hours on 16 October 1939 flying a Bristol Blenheim Mark I (serial L1141). His observer was Sergeant Alfie Fripp RAF and his wireless operator/air gunner Aircraftman 1st Class J. Nelson RAF. A Luftwaffe Messerschmitt Bf 109 flown by Leutnant Hans-Folkert Rosenboom of Jagdgeschwader 1 (Fighter Wing 1) intercepted the Blenheim and, after a long chase sometimes only 6 feet from the ground, shot it down near Lingen. All three airmen scrambled clear of the wreckage before it burst into flames. Issued with prisoner of war number 24, Casey was sent to Luftwaffe prison camp Stalag Luft I at Barth where he met Squadron Leader Roger Bushell. Bushell later masterminded the Great Escape. While held at Barth, Casey was one of a group of prisoners known as "ghosts" who hid from the Germans within the camp for extended periods and did not attend the roll calls to give the impression that they had escaped. This tied up German military and police resources to scour the region for escapers. Casey was a member of the group of "bad lads" with Bushell who were sent to the reputedly escape proof Stalag Luft III in the province of Lower Silesia near the town of Sagan (now Żagań in Poland).

## 'Great Escape'

For the Great Escape operation, Casey was the treasurer, head of filing and, most importantly, arranged safe concealment of forged documents in caches around the camp avoiding the repeated and intensive German searches. Casey was one of the 76 men who escaped the prison camp on the night of 24–25 March 1944 in the escape now famous as "the Great Escape". He cleared the tunnel and headed south with another escapee. Both were dressed in civilian clothes and posing as foreign war workers. When stopped near Görlitz by police, their papers did not stand up to scrutiny and they were arrested and held with other re-captured escapees in the town jail. On 31 March 1944, six re-captured prisoners (Casey, Ian Cross, Tom Leigh, George Wiley, the badly frostbitten Al Hake and John Pohe) were taken from Görlitz prison in black Gestapo sedans. According to Gestapo agent, Scharpwinkel, another agent named Lux then informed them that they had been sentenced to death by order of the Supreme Military Commander, Adolf Hitler. The prisoners were shot beside the autobahn near Halbau and their bodies cremated at Görlitz. Casey was one of the 50 escapers executed and murdered by the Gestapo. Originally, his remains were buried at Sagan, but he is now buried in part of the Poznan Old Garrison Cemetery.

The Glasgow Herald of 19 May 1944 published an early list naming several officers, including Casey

## Awards

His conspicuous bravery as a prisoner was recognised by a mention in despatches as none of the other relevant decorations then available could be awarded posthumously. It was published in a supplement to the *London Gazette* on 8 June 1944.

## Other victims

*See Stalag Luft III murders*

The Gestapo executed a group of 50 of the re-captured prisoners representing almost all of the nationalities involved in the escape. Post-war investigations saw a number of those guilty of the murders tracked down, arrested and tried for their crimes.

| Nationalities of the 50 executed |
| --- |
| 21 British |
| 6 Canadian |
| 6 Polish |
| 5 Australian |
| 3 South African |
| 2 New Zealanders |
| 2 Norwegian |
| 1 Belgian |
| 1 Czechoslovak |
| 1 Frenchman |
| 1 Greek |
| 1 Lithuanian |

Notes Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Michael James Casey | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Birth name | Michael James O'Brien Casey |
| Nickname(s) | Mike |
| Born | (1918-02-19)19 February 1918
Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh India |
| Died | 31 March 1944(1944-03-31) (aged 26)
near Halbau |
| Buried | Poznan Old Garrison Cemetery, Poland |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Service/branch | Royal Air Force |
| Years of service | 1936–1944 |
| Rank | Flight lieutenant |
| Service number | 39024 |
| Unit | No. 57 Squadron RAF |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
| Awards | Mentioned in despatches |


title: Michael Egan (author)

abstract: Michael Egan is an American literary scholar and author. Egan was Scholar in Residence at Brigham Young University, Hawai’i and Professor of English and Political Science at TransPacific Hawaii College, Honolulu. He earned his Ph.D at Cambridge University, where he edited The Cambridge Review and was first Contributing Literary Editor for the Times Higher Education Supplement.

text:
# Michael Egan (author)

**Michael Egan** (born 1941) is an American literary scholar and author. Egan was Scholar in Residence at Brigham Young University, Hawai’i and Professor of English and Political Science at TransPacific Hawaii College, Honolulu (which closed at the end of 2008). He earned his Ph.D at Cambridge University, where he edited The Cambridge Review and was first Contributing Literary Editor for the Times Higher Education Supplement.

## *Thomas of Woodstock* attribution

Egan edited a variorum edition of *The First Part of the Tragedy of King Richard the Second: A Newly Authenticated Play* by William Shakespeare, with an introduction, notes and critical commentary (Edwin Mellen Press, 2006). which was awarded the 2006 Adèle Mellen Prize. Egan's thesis that Shakespeare wrote the play, also known as *Thomas of Woodstock*, was examined by three independent Shakespeare scholars, who unanimously agreed that "In sum, the differences, stylistic and otherwise, between *Woodstock* and Shakespeare's undoubted plays, even his early ones, so vastly outweigh the perceived similarities as to compel the conclusion that Shakespeare did not write *Woodstock*."

## Publications

Egan is the author of more than 80 professional articles and ten books, including:

* *Henrik Ibsen: The Critical Heritage* (Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1972, Taylor & Francis, 2000)
* *Extreme Situations: Literature and Crisis from the Great War to the Atom Bomb* (Macmillan, 1979) \[with David Craig\]
* *Huckleberry Finn: Race, Class and Society* (Sussex University Press, 1977)
* *Henry James: The Ibsen Years* (Vision Press, 1972)

## InfoBox

| Michael Egan | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | American |
| Awards | Adèle Mellen Prize (2006) |
|  | |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater | Cambridge University |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Literature |
| Institutions | Brigham Young University<br>TransPacific Hawaii College |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Michael Edwards (art therapist)

abstract: Michael Edwards was a painter, pioneer art therapist, analytical psychologist and curator of the picture archive of the artwork of patients of C. G. Jung. He was also the first Emeritus Professor of Art Therapy at Concordia University in Montreal, Canada. Michael Edwards was born in 1930 near Epping Forest on the eastern outskirts of London, England. After national service he studied at the St Albans Art College with the painter Norman Adams. Edwards was greatly influenced by Irene Champernowne, the founder of the Withymead centre in Devon, a therapeutic community where Edwards and other artists and therapists lived together with people in fragile mental health. Withymead was based on Jungian ideas and belief in the healing power of the visual and expressive arts. Edwards was the course director for the annual residential summer trainings at the Champernowne Trust until 2005. Edwards was an early and leading proponent of the field of art therapy. He was a founding member, chair, fellow and honorary life member of the British Association of Art Therapists. In 1969 he set up one of the first art therapy training courses in the world, located in Birmingham. The course later offered a master's degree. Around 1981 he established the first university-based art therapy training program in Canada, at Concordia University in Montreal, which later included a master's degree. This Masters of Arts in Art Therapy degree remains unique in Canada. Edwards' efforts to preserve and bring order to the archive of patient art collected by Jung and his followers was deeply related to his understanding of the importance Jung placed on his own art making and that of his patients. Edwards observed that Jung made art about his inner experiences as a "vivid source of personal insight into his situation; this, in turn, informed the development of his psychological theories. No other major psychologist has attended to his own inner life through imagery in this way". As a Jungian teacher and practitioner, Edwards influenced the field of art therapy internationally to appreciate the potential of symbols and images to carry multiple and ambiguous meanings. He taught that approaching a painting or a drawing as if it were "independent and semi-autonomous" would amplify rather than reduce its meanings and allow imaginative dialogue, to the end of deepening understanding of the art for both the patient and the therapist. Edwards died in 2010 in Falmouth, Cornwall. He was survived by his third wife and by seven children, including Tamsin Edwards.

text:
# Michael Edwards (art therapist)

**Michael Edwards** (2 November 1930 – 13 March 2010) was a painter, pioneer art therapist, analytical psychologist and curator of the picture archive of the artwork of patients of C. G. Jung. He was also the first Emeritus Professor of Art Therapy at Concordia University in Montreal, Canada.

Michael Edwards was born in 1930 near Epping Forest on the eastern outskirts of London, England. After national service he studied at the St Albans Art College with the painter Norman Adams.

Edwards was greatly influenced by Irene Champernowne, the founder of the Withymead centre in Devon, a therapeutic community where Edwards and other artists and therapists lived together with people in fragile mental health. Withymead was based on Jungian ideas and belief in the healing power of the visual and expressive arts. Edwards was the course director for the annual residential summer trainings at the Champernowne Trust until 2005.

Edwards was an early and leading proponent of the field of art therapy. He was a founding member, chair, fellow and honorary life member of the British Association of Art Therapists. In 1969 he set up one of the first art therapy training courses in the world, located in Birmingham. The course later offered a master's degree. Around 1981 he established the first university-based art therapy training program in Canada, at Concordia University in Montreal, which later included a master's degree. This Masters of Arts in Art Therapy degree remains unique in Canada.

Edwards' efforts to preserve and bring order to the archive of patient art collected by Jung and his followers was deeply related to his understanding of the importance Jung placed on his own art making and that of his patients. Edwards observed that Jung made art about his inner experiences as a "vivid source of personal insight into his situation; this, in turn, informed the development of his psychological theories. No other major psychologist has attended to his own inner life through imagery in this way".

As a Jungian teacher and practitioner, Edwards influenced the field of art therapy internationally to appreciate the potential of symbols and images to carry multiple and ambiguous meanings. He taught that approaching a painting or a drawing as if it were "independent and semi-autonomous" would amplify rather than reduce its meanings and allow imaginative dialogue, to the end of deepening understanding of the art for both the patient and the therapist.

Edwards died in 2010 in Falmouth, Cornwall. He was survived by his third wife and by seven children, including Tamsin Edwards.

## Selected publications

* "Art therapy now". *Inscape, 5*(1), 18-21. (1981)
* "Jungian analytic art therapy". In Judith A. Rubin (Ed.), *Approaches to art therapy: Theory and technique* (pp. 92–113). New York: Brunner/Mazel. (1987).
* "Learning from images". In R. Goldstein (Ed.), *Images, meanings, and connections: Essays in memory of Susan R. Bach*. Einseideln, Switzerland: Daimon Verlag. (1999).
* *A Jungian circumambulation of art & therapy: Ornithology for the birds*. Exeter: Insider Art. (2010).


title: Michael Finneran

abstract: Michael Finneran is an Irish former Fianna Fáil politician who served as Minister of State for the Environment, Heritage and Local Government from 2008 to 2011. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 2002 to 2011 and a Senator for the Administrative Panel from 1989 to 2002. A former psychiatric nurse, Finneran was first elected to Dáil Éireann at the 2002 general election for the Longford–Roscommon constituency. He was previously a member of Seanad Éireann from 1989 to 2002. On 13 May 2008, shortly after Brian Cowen became Taoiseach, he was appointed as Minister of State at the Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government with special responsibility for Housing, Urban Renewal and Developing Areas. His area of responsibility was changed to Housing and Local Services in 2009. He retired from politics at the 2011 general election.

text:
# Michael Finneran

**Michael Finneran** (born 10 September 1947) is an Irish former Fianna Fáil politician who served as Minister of State for the Environment, Heritage and Local Government from 2008 to 2011. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 2002 to 2011 and a Senator for the Administrative Panel from 1989 to 2002.

A former psychiatric nurse, Finneran was first elected to Dáil Éireann at the 2002 general election for the Longford–Roscommon constituency. He was previously a member of Seanad Éireann from 1989 to 2002.

On 13 May 2008, shortly after Brian Cowen became Taoiseach, he was appointed as Minister of State at the Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government with special responsibility for Housing, Urban Renewal and Developing Areas. His area of responsibility was changed to Housing and Local Services in 2009.

He retired from politics at the 2011 general election.

## InfoBox

| Michael Finneran | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Minister of State | |
| 2008–2011 | Environment, Heritage and Local Government |
| Teachta Dála | |
| **In office**
May 2007  February 2011 | |
| Constituency | Roscommon–South Leitrim |
| **In office**
May 2002  May 2007 | |
| Constituency | Longford–Roscommon |
| Senator | |
| **In office**
1 November 1989  17 May 2002 | |
| Constituency | Administrative Panel |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1947-09-10) 10 September 1947
Roscommon, Ireland |
| Political party | Fianna Fáil |
|  | |


abstract: Michael Goldfarb is an American author, journalist, and broadcaster based in London since 1985. In the United States, he worked for NPR from 1990 to 2005.

text:
# Michael Goldfarb (author and journalist)

**Michael Goldfarb** (born September 20, 1950) is an American author, journalist, and broadcaster based in London since 1985. In the United States, he worked for NPR from 1990 to 2005.

## Early life and career

Goldfarb was born in New York City and grew up in suburban Philadelphia. Upon graduating from Antioch College, he returned to New York to work as an actor. Under the name Michael Govan he appeared in productions at Long Wharf Theatre and Arena Stage. In 1984-85 he was a founding member of the Pearl Theatre Company in Manhattan.

## Journalism

In November 1985, Goldfarb moved to London to pursue a career in journalism. He has reported from 25 countries on five continents.

He reported on the arts for British and American newspapers, particularly *The Guardian* and *Newsday*. He became a critic for BBC Radio 4 and this work led him into broadcast journalism with National Public Radio (NPR).

From 1990 to 1998, Goldfarb worked for NPR and from 1996 to 1998 he was its London Bureau Chief. He covered British politics, the Royal Family and the five-year-long peace process in Northern Ireland. He also reported from Bosnia and Iraq. Throughout this period he worked with the *BBC* and in 1994 won British radio's highest honor, the Sony Award, for his essays on the American Midwest, titled *Homeward Bound*.

In 1999, he was a fellow at the Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy at Harvard Kennedy School.

In 2000, he joined the Boston NPR affiliate WBUR, as Senior Correspondent for the documentary series "Inside Out". Goldfarb's programs won numerous awards including the DuPont-Columbia award for *Surviving Torture: Inside Out*; the RTNDA Edward R. Murrow Award for *Ahmad's War: Inside Out*; and the Overseas Press Club's Lowell Thomas Award for *British Jihad: Inside Out*. However, in 2005 he was suddenly made redundant and forced to return to freelance work.

In 2016, he launched the FRDH podcast. He frames his storytelling through the idea that journalism is the First Rough Draft of History and draws on the history he has reported and lived and written about.

He continues to make documentaries for BBC Radio 3, Radio 4, the World Service and Radio 5 and is a regular panelist on the BBC News programme *Dateline London*. He writes op-eds for *The New York Times* and contributes occasionally to *The Guardian*.

## Books

While covering the Iraq War as an unembedded reporter in Iraqi Kurdistan, Goldfarb worked closely with the Iraqi newspaper editor Ahmad Shawkat. Following Shawkat's assassination in October 2003, Goldfarb wrote the story of his friend's life, which was published in 2005. *Ahmad's War, Ahmad's Peace: Surviving Under Saddam, Dying in the New Iraq* was named a New York Times Notable Book of 2005.

In 2009, Goldfarb published his next book: *Emancipation: How Liberating Europe's Jews From the Ghetto Led to Revolution and Renaissance*. It is a popular history of how Jews and European society were changed by the opening of the ghettos during the era of Jewish emancipation, which began during the French Revolution.

## Works

* *Ahmad's War, Ahmad's Peace: Surviving Under Saddam, Dying in the New Iraq* New York: Carroll & Graf, 2006. ISBN 0786715154, OCLC 846014786
* *Emancipation: How Liberating Europe's Jews From the Ghetto Led to Revolution and Renaissance* New York: Simon & Schuster, 2009. ISBN 9781416547969, OCLC 901720277

## InfoBox

| Michael Goldfarb | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1950-09-20) September 20, 1950
New York City, U.S. |
| Occupation | journalist |
| Alma mater | Antioch College |
| Notable awards | Sony Award,
Edward R. Murrow Award ,
Lowell Thomas Award |