title: FK Radnički Lukavac

abstract: Fudbalski klub Radnički Lukavac is a professional association football club from the city of Lukavac that is situated in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Radnički currently competes in the First League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and plays its home matches at the Jošik Stadium, which has a capacity of 3,000 seats.

text:
# FK Radnički Lukavac

**Fudbalski klub Radnički Lukavac** is a professional association football club from the city of Lukavac that is situated in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Radnički currently competes in the First League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and plays its home matches at the Jošik Stadium, which has a capacity of 3,000 seats.

## History

The full name of the club is Fudbalski Klub Radnički Lukavac and it was founded in 1921.

Radnički's so far biggest success came in the mid to late 1990s. In the 1995–96 First League of Bosnia and Herzegovina season, the club finished as runners-up, having only 4 points less than 1st placed and crowned champions Čelik Zenica. The club's second biggest so far success came in the 1996–97 Bosnia and Herzegovina Football Cup season. In that cup season, Radnički made it all the way to the semi-final, eliminating Vrbanjuša on the way in the quarter-final and getting eliminated by Željezničar in the semi-final.

In the 1999–2000 season, the club got relegated from the First League of Bosnia and Herzegovina and from then, until 2017, have played in the First League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Currently, Radnički competes in the Second League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Group North), after getting relegated from the First League of FBiH in the 2016–17 season.

## Supporters

FK Radnički Lukavac's supporters are called the **Sioux** and were founded in 1989. Their stand is on the south side of the Jošik Stadium.

## Rivalries

Radnički Lukavac's main rival is Sloboda Tuzla. That rivalry can also be seen between the supporter groups of the two teams.

Radnički fans are called **SIOUX** and FK Sloboda fans are called **FUKARE**. When the match is played, the *Sioux* are on the south side and *Fukare* are on the north side. The match between these two teams is the most watched wherever they play in, Lukavac or Tuzla.

This game is also a match of high risk because of hooligan conflicts in the early history, but in recent years there are no incidents between the two supporter groups.

## Honours

### Domestic

#### League

#### Cups

## InfoBox

FK Radnički
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Fudbalski Klub Radnički |
| Founded | 1921 |
| Ground | Stadion Jošik |
| Capacity | 3,000 |
| Chairman | Mirza Čolić |
| Manager | Zehrudin Kavazović |
| League | First League of FBiH |
| 2023–24 | Second League of FBiH (North), 2nd of 16 (promoted) |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Ranjan Sen

abstract: Ranjan Sen is an Indian microbiologist, biophysicist and a senior scientist as well as the head of the Laboratory of Transcription at the Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics. Known for his studies in the field of prokaryotic transcription, Sen is an elected fellow of the Indian National Science Academy and the National Academy of Sciences, India. The Department of Biotechnology of the Government of India awarded him the National Bioscience Award for Career Development, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to biosciences in 2007.

text:
# Ranjan Sen

**Ranjan Sen** (born 1967) is an Indian microbiologist, biophysicist and a senior scientist as well as the head of the Laboratory of Transcription at the Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics. Known for his studies in the field of prokaryotic transcription, Sen is an elected fellow of the Indian National Science Academy and the National Academy of Sciences, India. The Department of Biotechnology of the Government of India awarded him the National Bioscience Award for Career Development, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to biosciences in 2007.

## Biography

Ranjan Sen, born in 1967 in the Indian state of West Bengal, earned the post-graduate degree of MSc in molecular biology and biophysics in 1991 from the University of Calcutta and did his doctoral studies on the *conformational changes of E.coli RNA polymerase during transcription initiation* under the guidance of Dipak Dasgupta at the Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics to secure a PhD in 1996. His post-doctoral work was, first at the laboratory of Nobuo Shimamoto of the National Institute of Genetics during 1995–98 and later, with Robert Weisberg at the National Institutes of Health during 1998–2001. On his return to India in 2002, he joined the Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD) as a scientist. He continues at the institution, holding the position of a scientist grade IV and heads the *Lab of Transcription* where he hosts several scientists and scholars. He also serves as the director-in-charge of CDFD.

During his post-doctoral days in Japan, Sen worked on the *kinetics of abortive transcription in prokaryotes* and proposed the concept of *branched pathway during transcription initiation process*. While in the US, he furthered his work by focusing on transcription antitermination mechanisms by PUT RNA. At CDFD, the team led by him is involved in the studies of antitermination in prokaryotes, combining physical, chemical, biological and genetic techniques. His studies have been documented by way of a number of articles and ResearchGate, an online repository of scientific articles has listed 60 of them. He is also a member of the Task Force on Biotechnology set up by the Science and Engineering Research Board of the Department of Science and Technology.

## Awards and honors

The Department of Biotechnology of the Government of India awarded him the National Bioscience Award for Career Development, one of the highest Indian science awards in 2007 the same year as he was elected as a member of the Guha Research Conference. The National Academy of Sciences, India elected him as a fellow in 2011 and he received the elected fellowship of the Indian National Science Academy in 2017. He is also a recipient of several research fellowships which included GRIP Grant of the National Institutes of Health (2002), Senior Research Fellowship of Wellcome Trust (2003) and the Swarnajayanti Fellowship of the Department of Science and Technology (2006).

## Selected bibliography

* Chalissery, Jisha; Banerjee, Sharmistha; Bandey, Irfan; Sen, Ranjan (2007). "Transcription Termination Defective Mutants of Rho: Role of Different Functions of Rho in Releasing RNA from the Elongation Complex". *Journal of Molecular Biology*. **371** (4): 855–872. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2007.06.013. PMC 1950744. PMID 17599352.
* Chalissery, Jisha; Muteeb, Ghazala; Kalarickal, Nisha C.; Mohan, Shalini; Jisha, V.; Sen, Ranjan (2011). "Interaction Surface of the Transcription Terminator Rho Required to Form a Complex with the C-Terminal Domain of the Antiterminator NusG". *Journal of Molecular Biology*. **405** (1): 49–64. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2010.10.044. PMID 21040729.
* Cheeran, Anoop; Suganthan, Rajan Babu; Swapna, G.; Bandey, Irfan; Achary, M.Sridhar; Nagarajaram, H.A.; Sen, Ranjan (2005). "Escherichia coli RNA Polymerase Mutations Located Near the Upstream Edge of an RNA:DNA Hybrid and the Beginning of the RNA-exit Channel are Defective for Transcription Antitermination by the N Protein from Lambdoid Phage H-19B". *Journal of Molecular Biology*. **352** (1): 28–43. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2005.06.052. PMID 16061258.

1. "NASI fellows". National Academy of Sciences, India. 21 December 2017. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
2. "CDFD :: Transcription :: Ranjan Sen". *www.cdfd.org.in*. 27 December 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
3. "CDFD :: Transcription :: Group". 27 December 2017. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)
4. "Indian fellow - Sen". Indian National Science Academy. 21 December 2017. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
5. "CDFD :: Transcription :: Research". *www.cdfd.org.in*. 27 December 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
6. "On Google Scholar". Google Scholar. 23 November 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
7. "On ResearchGate". 21 December 2017. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
8. "Awardees of National Bioscience Awards for Career Development" (PDF). Department of Biotechnology. 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
9. "NASI Year Book 2015" (PDF). National Academy of Sciences, India. 17 December 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
10. "INSA Year Book 2016" (PDF). Indian National Science Academy. 26 December 2017. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
11. "Swarna Jayanthi Fellowship" (PDF). Department of Science and Technology. 11 November 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2017.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Ranjan Sen | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1967 (age 5657)<br>West Bengal, India |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Alma mater |  |
| Known for | Studies on prokaryotic transcription |
| Awards |  |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields |  |
| Institutions |  |
| Doctoral advisor | * Dipak Dasgupta * Robert Weisberg |
|  | |


title: Actun Box Ch'iich'

abstract: At -183m, Actun Box Ch'iich' is the deepest cave in the country of Belize. Located above Roaring Creek in the Cayo District, it is one of several caves explored and documented by British and Canadian cavers during a three-week expedition in 1989. The cave contains a small stream and has both an upper and lower entrance, making a through-trip possible.

text:
# Actun Box Ch'iich'

At -183m, **Actun Box Ch'iich'**  (Cave of the Black Birds) is the deepest cave in the country of Belize. Located above Roaring Creek in the Cayo District, it is one of several caves explored and documented by British and Canadian cavers during a three-week expedition in 1989. The cave contains a small stream and has both an upper and lower entrance, making a through-trip possible.

## InfoBox

| Actun Box Ch'iich' | |
| --- | --- |
| Flowstone within Actun Box Ch'iich' | |
| Location | Belize |
| Depth | -183m |
| Discovery | 1989 |
| Entrances | 2 |
| Translation | *Cave of the Black Birds* |


title: Xanthophyllum bullatum

abstract: Xanthophyllum bullatum is a species of plant in the family Polygalaceae. It is a tree endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. It is threatened by habitat loss.

text:
# Xanthophyllum bullatum

***Xanthophyllum bullatum*** is a species of plant in the family Polygalaceae. It is a tree endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| *Xanthophyllum bullatum* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Polygalaceae |
| Genus: | *Xanthophyllum* |
| Species: | ***X. bullatum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Xanthophyllum bullatum***
King | |
|


title: Pseudochactidae

abstract: The Pseudochactidae are a scorpion family. They are predominantly found in caves.

text:
# Pseudochactidae

The **Pseudochactidae** are a scorpion family. They are predominantly found in caves.

## Genera

* Gromov, A.V. 1998: A new family, genus and species of scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones) from southern Central Asia. Zoologicheskii zhurnal, 77(9): 1003–1008. \[not seen, in Russian with English summary, English translation in Russian journal of zoology, 2: 409–413. (1998)\]
* Lourenço, W.R.; Pham, D.-S. 2010: A remarkable new cave scorpion of the family Pseudochactidae Gromov (Chelicerata, Scorpiones) from Vietnam. ZooKeys, 71: 1–13. doi:10.3897/zookeys.71.786

## InfoBox

| Pseudochactidae | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Vietbocap canhi*.
Scale bar is 10 mm. | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Scorpiones |
| Parvorder: | Pseudochactida
Soleglad and Fet, 2003 |
| Superfamily: | Pseudochactoidea
Gromov, 1998 |
| Family: | Pseudochactidae
Gromov, 1998 |
|
| Subfamilies | |
|  | |


title: Max Hollein

abstract: Max Hollein is an Austrian art historian and the current CEO and Director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. He served as Director and CEO of the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco from July 2016, until April 2018, the Metropolitan Museum of Art announced that Hollein would become its 10th director. Hollein oversaw both the de Young and the Legion of Honor museums, which together are the seventh most-visited art institutions in the United States, with 1.4 million visitors in 2016. Hollein joined the Fine Arts Museums in July 2016 from his position as the director of Schirn Kunsthalle Frankfurt, Städel Museum and the Liebieghaus Skulpturensammlung.

text:
# Max Hollein

**Max Hollein** (born 7 July 1969 in Vienna) is an Austrian art historian and the current CEO and Director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. He served as Director and CEO of the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco from July 2016, until April 2018, the Metropolitan Museum of Art announced that Hollein would become its 10th director.

Hollein oversaw both the de Young and the Legion of Honor museums, which together are the seventh most-visited art institutions in the United States, with 1.4 million visitors in 2016. Hollein joined the Fine Arts Museums in July 2016 from his position as the director of Schirn Kunsthalle Frankfurt, Städel Museum and the Liebieghaus Skulpturensammlung.

## Life

Hollein was born in Vienna in 1969 to architect Hans Hollein and Helene Hollein. He studied art history at the University of Vienna and business administration at the Vienna University of Economics. During this period, he also free-lanced for the business section of the national daily newspaper "Der Standard". In 1995, following the successful completion of his studies with two master's degrees, one in art history and the other in business administration, he moved to New York City to take on the position of project director of exhibitions at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York.

From 1996 until the end of 2000, he worked closely with Guggenheim director Thomas Krens, initially as "Executive Assistant to the Director" and, from 1998 onward, as "Chief of Staff and Manager of European Relations" responsible for key projects such as the establishment of the exhibition halls "Deutsche Guggenheim Berlin" and "Guggenheim Las Vegas". He was also involved in fundraising, travelling exhibitions, the inauguration activities at Guggenheim Bilbao as well as liaising with European cultural institutions, collectors, media, curators and sponsors.

## Career

### Schirn Kunsthalle

From 2001 to 2016, Hollein was the director of the Schirn Kunsthalle Frankfurt. He repositioned the Schirn Kunsthalle Frankfurt nationally as well as internationally through a highly popular yet challenging exhibition programme from classical to contemporary art mounting up to ten major shows per year. The depth, quality and quantity of the programme has been accompanied by a significant increase in corporate funding. Among the highlights of the programme have been exhibitions such as "Shopping: A Century of Art and Consumer Culture", "Henri Matisse: Drawing with Scissors", "Yves Klein", "The Naked Truth: Klimt, Egon Schiele, Kokoschka and Other Scandals", "Women Impressionists" and "Edvard Munch. The Modern Eye". With projects such as "Playing the City 3" or "Street Art Brazil", he expanded his programming into urban spaces of Frankfurt. At the Schirn, his frequent collaborator was noted art historian Olivier Berggruen. In 2007 Hollein advocated against the demolition of the Schirn Rotunda and instead initiated a commission series with contemporary artists like Barbara Kruger, Ayse Erkmen, Rosa Barba or Heather Phillipson to create site specific works at the rotunda. Its online and digital outreach has been significantly advanced and the Schirn publishes its own wide-reaching online magazine "Schirn Mag" since 2011. 2014, Hollein opened the Minishirn – a creative space for children. By 2019, the Schirn had attracted more than 8.8 million visitors to over 240 exhibitions. For many years now, the Schirn has been the most popular art institution in the Rhine-Main region. In 2012 the Schirn had its best-attended year so far with a total of 479,121 visitors.

### Städel Museum

In addition to his directorship at the Schirn, Hollein became the Director and CEO of the Städel Museum in 2006. At the Städel Museum, Hollein introduced a wide spectrum of new exhibition formats. Hollein realised major exhibitions on the Old Masters, including "Cranach the Elder", "The Master of Flémalle and Rogier van der Weyden", and "From Titian to Tiepolo", "Botticelli", and "Albrecht Dürer" and "Maniera", as well as significant retrospectives on modern masters such as Ernst Ludwig Kirchner and Max Beckmann. Under Hollein, special emphasis was also given to the development of the collection: between 2006 and 2012 more than 1,500 works were added to the collection, including previously underrepresented media such as photographs, and works by female artists. He expanded the Städel its holdings of contemporary art and started organizing exhibitions on contemporary artists such as Piero Manzoni and, John Baldessari, or and "Georg Baselitz: The Heroes". Among the most significant projects worthy of mention in this context was the major expansion of the Städel Museum completed in 2012 which doubled the institution's gallery space and created a new wing for the presentation of art since 1945. Both the architecture as well as the significant collection development were hailed by the public and the media. More than 50 percent of the 52 million euro construction costs were raised through private sources in an unprecedented fundraising campaign. The Städel was honoured as "Museum of the Year 2012" by the German art critics association AICA in 2012. In the same year, the museum recorded its highest ever attendance numbers, with 447,395 visitors. To mark the 200th anniversary of the Städel in 2015, Hollein significantly expanded the museum's reach with the launch of new digital education formats, such as Art History Online and Café Deutschland

### Liebieghaus Skulpturensammlung

Under Hollein's directorship, from 2006 to 2016, the Liebieghaus Skulpturensammlung underwent the greatest reorganisation of its infrastructure since 1990. The Art of Ancient Egypt and Antiquities, Middle Ages, Renaissance, Baroque to Neoclassicism as well as the "studioli" on the top floor of the museum villa were newly installed under his tenure and reopened in 2008 with an entirely new color and lighting concept. Funding for this major renovation came to a large extent from private and corporate sources. Exhibitions such as "Sahure – Death and Life of a Great Pharaoh", "Gods in Color ", "Franz Xaver Messerschmidt" were received with unprecedented attention. "Gods in Color" underlines the museum's leading role in polychromy research and became a traveling exhibition with more than 20 venues, including the Ny Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek Copenhagen, Vatican Museums Rome, Archeological Museum Istanbul, Getty Villa Los Angeles, or Palacio de las Bellas Artes Mexico. Of note was also the exhibition "Jeff Koons: The Sculptor", as part of the two-part survey together with the Schirn Kunsthalle. In the presentation at the Liebieghaus, both world-renowned and new sculptural works by Koons entered into a dialogue with the historic building and its collection spanning 5,000 years of sculpture.

In 2012 the Liebieghaus had 153,737 visitors, making it the best attended year in the history of the institution.

### Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco

Hollein assumed the role of Director and CEO of the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco on 1 June 2016. In this capacity, he managed an operating budget of $60 million and over 500 employees.

During his time in office, Hollein instituted a major restructuring of the museum organization and added the institution's first contemporary curator; Claudia Schmuckli. He also successfully launched a contemporary art initiative, bringing the work of living artists into dialogue with the buildings and collections of the de Young Museum and Legion of Honor, with exhibitions by Urs Fischer, Sarah Lucas and Sarah Lucas and Julian Schnabel at the Legion of Honor and Carsten Nicolai and Leonardo Drew at the de Young museum. In January 2017, the institution announced a significant new addition to its collection of American art through the acquisition of 62 works by 22 contemporary African American artists, including Thornton Dial's *Blood And Meat: Survival For the World* (1992) and *Lost Cows* (2000–1), Joe Light's *Dawn* (1988), Jessie T. Pettway's *Bars* and *String-Pierced Columns* (1950's), Lonnie Holley's *Him and Her Hold the Root* (1994) and Joe Minter's *Camel at the Watering Hole* (1995)), celebrated in the exhibition "Revelations: Art from the African American South". Hollein opened several critically acclaimed exhibitions, including *The Brothers Le Nain: Painters of Seventeenth Century France*, *Frank Stella: A Retrospective*, *Danny Lyon: Message to the Future*, *Monet: The Earl Years* and *Stuart Davis: In Full Swing*. Ed Ruscha and the Great American West, Cult of the Machine, and *The Summer of Love Experience: Art, Fashion, and Rock & Roll* which drew almost 270,000 visitors and 400.000 online visits from around the world, making the *exhibition* the highest attendance in recent years.Hollein expanded the de Young furthermore on the encyclopedic focus of its program, with exhibitions such as Teotihuacan: City of Water, City of Fire, The Maori Portraits: Gottfried Lindauer's New Zealand, and Contemporary Muslim Fashions. This exhibition was especially praised for the curatorial consultation with and engagement of Muslim representatives from throughout the Bay Area.

Hollein also expanded the institution's educational outreach, including digital interactive tools to prepare for exhibitions, and the construction of the DeYoungster's Studio – a learning space that fosters children's curiosity and understanding of art.

### Metropolitan Museum of Art

In April 2018, the Metropolitan Museum of Art announced that Hollein will become its 10th director. He succeeded in a selection process whose finalists included Adam D. Weinberg, Julián Zugazagoitia, Emilie Gordenker, Timothy Rub, and Taco Dibbits. His appointment was supported by many in the art world; and criticized in three newspapers, The Guardian, The New York Times and The Observer for being the 10th white man appointed to the position at the Met, suggesting the institution's lack of diversity. Hollein shared his vision for the present and future role of encyclopedic museums, and outlined that he aims for The Met's galleries and programming to present a range of perspectives on history and examine the intersection of cultures, rather than offer a singular, linear narrative. Showcasing The Met's scholarly depth and breadth, exhibitions that have been opened since 2018 span across all 17 curatorial departments at The Met, and include exhibitions such as "Alice Neel: People Come First ", "The Medici. Portraits and Politics , 1512–1570", "Camp: Notes on Fashion", "Crossroads", "Jacob Lawrence: The American Struggle", "The Last Knight: The Art, Armor, and Ambition of Maximilian I", "Making The Met, 1870–2020", "Gerhard Richter: Painting After All", "Sahel: Art and Empires on the Shores of the Sahara", "The Tale of Genji: A Japanese Classic Illuminated, "Surrealism Beyond Borders", "Inspiring Walt Disney: The Animation of French Decorative Arts", and "Charles Ray: Figure Ground".

Hollein has also engaged in broader cultural debates as The Met's Director, including penning an essay about the Museum's leadership responsibilities in upholding the policies and practices for the acquisition of art and archaeological materials, and protecting cultural heritage around the globe. In 2020, Daniel H. Weiss and Max Hollein publicly announced The Met's commitments to Anti-Racism, Diversity, and the wellbeing of their communities. This plan includes the assessment of the Museum's history, the diversification of its collection and program, and the hiring and training of staff. One of the recent curatorial hires includes The Met's first full-time person of Indigenous descent hired for a curatorial position, Patricia Marroquin Norby.

Early in his tenure, Hollein said he would focus on further injecting modern and contemporary art into The Met's main Fifth Avenue building. He announced a comprehensive new program to that effect. The new annual façade commission was inaugurated in 2019 with Wangechi Mutu. For the inaugural Great Hall commission in 2019, The Met invited the Cree artist Kent Monkman, to create contemporary history paintings that serve as commentary on the Indigenous experience and colonialism, and consider The Met's collection with a critical eye. Hollein also added its first-ever contemporary Period Room to its existing system of 29 period rooms, its so-called Afrofuturist Period Room titled "Before Yesterday We Could Fly", and among others, curated by Hannah Beachler and Michelle Commander. Hollein built on The Met's digital platforms to scale its educational initiatives and disseminate content.

During its COVID-19-related closure, the MET celebrated its 150th birthday. Despite difficult times and a forced lack of visitors, Hollein helped the museum achieve economic stability. The museum pivoted quickly to virtual programs and to highlight its digital offerings, which have seen a significant expansion since. By 2021, The Met saw over 30 million visitors annually to their website. Hollein also took a stand on social controversies on several occasions and acknowledged the fundamental right of artists to protest against the controversial Sackler funding.

In lectures Hollein shares that The Met will invest in the next ten years to update the gallery system, with a special emphasis on refreshing and recontextualizing its narratives. Projects include $70 million renovation of its Michael C. Rockefeller Wing, that is home to the galleries for the arts of Africa, Oceania, and the Americas, Ancient Near Eastern and Cypriot Art, European Paintings, as well as the reenvisioning of the progress on previously announced plans to remodel its Modern Wing.

In July 2019, the museum reported that it had over 7 million visitors for a third year in a row.

In 2019, Hollein was a member of the jury that selected Doris Salcedo for the Nomura Art Award and to receive $1 million.

Since July 2023 Hollein ads to his function as director the CEO title. The move marks a return to the Met’s old leadership structure, wherein the director of the institution is responsible for both the programmatic direction of the museum as well as its day-to-day operations.

## Other activities

### Curator

* Venice Architecture Biennale 2000, US pavilion
* Venice Art Biennale 2005, Austrian pavilion
* Art in the Lufthansa Innovation Center
* Salzburg Avantgarde-Festival "kontra.com" on the occasion of the Mozart Year 2006

### Corporate boards

### Non-profit organizations

## Personal life

Hollein is married to fashion designer Nina Hollein; they have three children.

## Awards

## Selected publications

* Schnabel, Julian; Sofía, Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina (2004). *Julian Schnabel* (in German). Hatje Cantz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7757-1386-3.
* Berggruen, Olivier; Hollein, Max (25 April 2006). *Henri Matisse: Drawing with Scissors*. National Geographic Books. ISBN 978-3-7913-3473-8.
* Berggruen, Olivier; Hollein, Max (2006). *Picasso und das Theater*. ISBN 978-3-7757-1872-1.
* *Odilon Redon, As in a Dream*. 2007. ISBN 978-3-7757-1894-3.
* *Julian Schnabel: Symbols of Actual Life*, release date 12 February 2019, by Max Hollein. Prestel, 2019.

## Further reading

* "Leadership". *The Metropolitan Museum of Art*. 6 July 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2023.

## InfoBox

| Max Hollein | |
| --- | --- |
| Hollein at the opening of the Monet exhibition in the Städel Museum in 2015 | |
|  | |
| Director and CEO of the Metropolitan Museum of Art | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
July 2023 | |
| Director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
2018 | |
| Preceded by | Thomas P. Campbell |
| Director and CEO of the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco | |
| **In office**
2016–2018 | |
| Director and CEO of Städel Museum, Liebieghaus, Schirn Kunsthalle | |
| **In office**
2006–2016 | |
| Director of Schirn Kunsthalle Frankfurt | |
| **In office**
2001–2006 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1969-07-07) 7 July 1969
Vienna, Austria |
| Alma mater | University of Vienna
Vienna University of Economics |
|  | |


title: Mecyna luteofluvalis

abstract: Mecyna luteofluvalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Akira Mutuura in 1954. It is found in Honshu, Japan.

text:
# Mecyna luteofluvalis

***Mecyna luteofluvalis*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Akira Mutuura in 1954. It is found in Honshu, Japan.

## InfoBox

| *Mecyna luteofluvalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Mecyna* |
| Species: | ***M. luteofluvalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mecyna luteofluvalis***<br>Mutuura, 1954 | |
|


title: Mirkwood (band)

abstract: Mirkwood were a British psychedelic rock band formed in early 1971 by guitarists Mick Morris and Jack Castle. The band's ancestry can be traced to the original Dover-based, Rolling Stones, a skiffle and blues band formed in 1956. When Mirkwood's original drummer Steve Smith left, his replacement was Nick 'Topper' Headon, who occupied the drum chair for a year and a half, during which time Mirkwood supplemented their own gigs by working as support to bigger name acts including Supertramp. Topper Headon eventually left Mirkwood and joined The Clash. The band made its final appearance in July 1978. Mirkwood recorded one eponymous album of original material released in 1973 on the Flams record label. Some years later, the Mirkwood album had become the most expensive listed in Record Collector magazine. It has since been re-released several times, most recently in 2008 on Red Admiral Records,. A review of the album by Classic Rock Society magazine described it as "..... a fine piece of work.... (combining) slick guitar work, thrilling vocals and imaginative composition and arrangements...... from a band that could have gone on to great things". Morris and Castle played occasional gigs together in the Kent area, and reunited in 2015 to release the album Boys from the Chalk.

text:
# Mirkwood (band)

**Mirkwood** were a British psychedelic rock band formed in early 1971 by guitarists Mick Morris and Jack Castle. The band's ancestry can be traced to the original Dover-based, Rolling Stones, a skiffle and blues band formed in 1956.

When Mirkwood's original drummer Steve Smith left, his replacement was Nick 'Topper' Headon, who occupied the drum chair for a year and a half, during which time Mirkwood supplemented their own gigs by working as support to bigger name acts including Supertramp. Topper Headon eventually left Mirkwood and joined The Clash. The band made its final appearance (at the Marlowe Theatre, Canterbury) in July 1978.

Mirkwood recorded one eponymous album of original material released in 1973 on the Flams record label (PR 1067). Some years later, the *Mirkwood* album had become the most expensive listed in *Record Collector* magazine. It has since been re-released several times, most recently in 2008 on Red Admiral Records, (REDAD CDA556). A review of the album by *Classic Rock Society* magazine described it as *" ..... a fine piece of work .... (combining) slick guitar work, thrilling vocals and imaginative composition and arrangements ...... from a band that could have gone on to great things".*

Morris and Castle played occasional gigs together in the Kent area, and reunited in 2015 to release the album *Boys from the Chalk*.

## InfoBox

| MIRKWOOD | |
| --- | --- |
| Genres | Psychedelic rock |
| Years active | 1971–1978 |
| Labels | Red Admiral Records |


title: Operation Diamond Arrow

abstract: Operation Diamond Arrow was a battle in southern Laos, waged from 20 September 1969 through 9 March 1970. The struggle centered on a Royal Lao Army stronghold at the strategic road intersection of Routes 16 and 23. Due to intervention by U.S. and Lao tactical air strikes, and an air bridge supply effort, the Royal Lao Army troops survived besiegement in a fixed defensive position, only to abandon their position post-battle.

text:
# Operation Diamond Arrow

**Operation Diamond Arrow** was a battle in southern Laos, waged from 20 September 1969 through 9 March 1970. The struggle centered on a Royal Lao Army stronghold at the strategic road intersection of Routes 16 and 23. Due to intervention by U.S. and Lao tactical air strikes, and an air bridge supply effort, the Royal Lao Army troops survived besiegement in a fixed defensive position, only to abandon their position post-battle.

## Overview

Located in the southern panhandle of the territory of the Kingdom of Laos, the Ho Chi Minh Trail was the logistics backbone of the communist forces during the Second Indochina War, as it was the main supply route for Viet Cong and People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) forces fighting in South Vietnam. During 1969, there were a number of military operations waged against the Trail in southern Laos, including Operation Maeng Da, Operation Honorable Dragon, and Operation Junction City Jr., that originated in Laos. Road intersections, such as the junction of Lao Routes 16 and 23 (since renumbered as Route 20), were prime objectives for both sides.

## Operation

Operation Diamond Arrow was focused on Thatheng, where Routes 16 and 23 merged in an intersection to form Route 16/23. Surrounding mountainous terrain funneled traffic through this line of communication to the Bolovens Plateau. Occupation of the intersection was crucial to controlling the Plateau overlooking the Ho Chi Minh Trail. Some Royal Lao Army officers believed road closure by communist forces would lead to the Royal Lao Government's loss of the Bolovens Plateau.

In April 1969, a Royal Lao Army garrison abandoned Thateng to the enemy without any resistance. To counter the communist occupation of the town, Royalist troops were airlifted to a hilltop position overlooking the town and road intersection. On 20 September, a force of four Royalist companies of regulars and three of guerrillas launched Operation Diamond Arrow from Salavane, north of Thateng. Meeting only scattered opposition, this force reached Ban Toumlan on 8 October.

On 27 November 1969, PAVN Group 968 attacked Thatheng. The Royalist defenders held out until 13 December when it was attacked by three PAVN infantry battalions. The town fell to the PAVN, but the Royalist *Bataillon Volontaires 46* (Volunteer Battalion 46) hung on in an adjacent stronghold despite casualties of about 40 killed, 100 wounded, and 30 missing. While the Royalists sheltered within the French-built fort, the communists blasted away land mines and defensive barbed wire to clear paths for frontal assaults by their infantry. By day, Raven Forward Air Controllers directed close air support against the PAVN. An AC-130 Spectre gunship was sent to their relief, in its first-ever appearance supporting Lao troops in contact. For the next four nights, the gunship would strafe the town with a copious volume of minigun and 20mm cannon fire. Nail FACs from Nakhon Phanom Royal Thai Air Force Base flew night reconnaissance. Royal Lao Air Force AT-28s blasted most of the town flat, sparing only the pagoda. Group 968 suffered an estimated 240 killed by air strikes. Total PAVN losses to air attacks were estimated at 500. At this juncture, the besieged BV 46 had become wholly dependent on air power to defend their fixed position.

Simultaneously, Royalist guerrillas blocked the road to Attopeu to prevent communist reinforcement. On 19 December, Group 968 withdrew and *Bataillon Volontaires 46* retook the ruined town. From their new position, the PAVN shelled the airfield, rendering it unusable to the Royalists. An abortive PAVN ground assault followed. By 28 December, there was a lull in combat. At this point, a massive U.S. air campaign began to encircle the besieged battalion with air strikes. The PAVN still mortared the airfield, however, air drops adequately supplied the besieged garrison.

The siege continued through January 1970. On the night of 1 February, the PAVN mortared the fort's defensive perimeter, then launched a human wave assault that overwhelmed Royalist defenses and almost overran the fort. By 2 February, BV 46 had dwindled to 250 men, and was exhausted to the point of desertion. With the besieged Royalists unwilling or unable to appear outside walls to repair the perimeter defenses destroyed in the human wave attack, the barbed wire was replenished via air sowing from C-123s. Air drop specialists cut the binding on rolls of wire being flung into the aircraft's slipstream so the wire would unreel; although dropped in irregular patterns, its coils proved suitably obstructive when seeded with aerial area denial ordnance.

However, by 5 February, the PAVN had infiltrated the ruined town; they set up an 82mm mortar in a hut, firing shells out through the thatch roof. A Raven FAC spotted it and called in an F-100 Super Sabre strike to destroy it. The following day, more mines were dropped by F-4 Phantom IIs in a horseshoe bend around the Royalists, limiting the battlefield to a single avenue of attack or retreat. More aerial mining followed on 7 and 8 February. As the PAVN removed defensive obstacles, they were replaced from the air, blunting their assaults. U.S. forward air controllers became expert at spotting the muzzle flashes of communist mortars, and having them demolished by air strikes making the Vietnamese gunners very circumspect.

On 11 February 1970, MR 4's premier unit, *Bataillon Infanterie 7* (Infantry Battalion 7), was helicoptered into a mountaintop position three kilometers southwest of Thatheng. From there, they could lay down suppressive fire from mortars and recoilless rifles. With this covering fire, the airfield below could be used to ship in supplies and remove casualties. On 6 March, the aerial area denial program was ended. The PAVN would make one last halfhearted unsuccessful attempt at an attack on 9 March before leaving the battlefield to the victorious Royalists.

With a gunship flying nightly cover guarding against renewed communist attacks, BV 46 hung onto the Thateng intersection until 4 April. Then it deserted en masse despite being adequately supplied and under no threat of attack. BI 7 clung to its nearby hilltop position for almost another month before abandoning the battlefield and walking back to its base at Pakse.

* Anthony, Victor B. and Richard R. Sexton (1993). *The War in Northern Laos*. Command for Air Force History. OCLC 232549943.
* Conboy, Kenneth and James Morrison (1995). *Shadow War: The CIA's Secret War in Laos*. Paladin Press. ISBN 978-1-58160-535-8.
* Nalty, Bernard C. (2005). *The War Against Trucks: Aerial Interdiction In Southern Laos 1968–1972*. Air Force History and Museums Program. ISBN 978-1-47755-007-6.

## InfoBox

| Operation Diamond Arrow | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of Laotian Civil War; Vietnam War | |
| Date 20 September 1969  9 March 1970  Location Southern Laos, near the Ho Chi Minh Trail  Result  Royalists withstand communist siege to hold Thatheng | |
| Belligerents | |
| Kingdom of Laos | North Vietnam |
| Units involved | |
| *Bataillon Volontaires 46*
*Bataillon Infanterie 7*
U.S. Air Force
Royal Lao Air Force
Raven Forward Air Controllers
Nail Forward Air Controllers | Three infantry battalions from Group 968 |
| Strength | |
| Battalion-size | Battalion-size |
| Casualties and losses | |
| 40 killed
100 wounded
30 missing | Estimated 500 |


title: Farmington Falls, Maine

abstract: Farmington Falls is an unincorporated village in the town of Farmington, Franklin County, Maine, United States. The community is located along the Sandy River, 5 miles (8.0 km) southeast of the village of Farmington; U.S. Route 2, Maine State Route 27, Maine State Route 41, and Maine State Route 156 all pass through the village. Farmington Falls has a post office, with ZIP code 04940.

text:
# Farmington Falls, Maine

**Farmington Falls** is an unincorporated village in the town of Farmington, Franklin County, Maine, United States. The community is located along the Sandy River, 5 miles (8.0 km) southeast of the village of Farmington; U.S. Route 2, Maine State Route 27, Maine State Route 41, and Maine State Route 156 all pass through the village. Farmington Falls has a post office, with ZIP code 04940.

## InfoBox

| Farmington Falls, Maine | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Farmington Falls | |
| Coordinates: 44°37′15″N 70°04′31″W / 44.62083°N 70.07528°W / 44.62083; -70.07528 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Maine |
| County | Franklin |
| Town | Farmington |
| Elevation | 344 ft (105 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 04940 |
| Area code | 207 |
| GNIS feature ID | 566055 |


title: Action of 15 September 1782

abstract: The action of 15 September 1782 was a naval action in the mouth of the Delaware Bay in which four Royal Naval vessels under the command of George Elphinstone pursued and attacked three French warships that included two frigates under the command of Comte de la Touche Tréville. The French 38-gun frigate Aigle was grounded and captured along with the Comte de la Touche.

text:
# Action of 15 September 1782

The **action of 15 September 1782** was a naval action in the mouth of the Delaware Bay in which four Royal Naval vessels under the command of George Elphinstone pursued and attacked three French warships that included two frigates under the command of Comte de la Touche Tréville. The French 38-gun frigate *Aigle* was grounded and captured along with the Comte de la Touche.

## Background

In early 1782, Captain Latouche-Tréville assumed command of *Aigle*, which, along with the frigate *Gloire*, ferried funds and equipment for the fleet of Admiral Vaudreil. On 5 September 1782 *Aigle* and *Gloire* encountered the recently acquired British ship *Hector*, a former French ship of the line that had been severely damaged and then captured during the Battle of the Saintes. *Hector* managed to escape, but she was damaged further and later sank in the 1782 Central Atlantic hurricane.

*Aigle* and *Gloire* chased the British sloop HMS *Bonetta* of 16 guns, Lieutenant Richard Goodwin Keats through the night of 11 September 1782, but she evaded her pursuers. The next morning the French were seen by the brig HMS *Racoon*14), Lieutenant Nagle who had departed company from the squadron off the Delaware River and who unfortunately failed to identify them as enemy ships until too late. After receiving raking fire he was forced to surrender. Keats re-joined the squadron and reported his encounter the previous night.

Latouche hoisted signals requesting a pilot, but none was forthcoming. At 2100, the division dropped anchor and *Gloire* sent a boat to Lewistown to request a pilot, but the boat did not return.

On 13 September the small British squadron consisting of HMS *Vestal*, HMS *Bonetta*, and the prize *Sophie*, led by Captain George Elphinstone in HMS *Warwick*, and HMS *Lion* sighted the three vessels anchored in the Delaware River off Cape Henlopen Light. The British set out in chase; Captain Elphinstone, in the 50-gun ship *Warwick*, dispatched the lighter vessels 28-gun frigate *Vestal*, the sloop *Bonetta* and the *Sophie* under command of Richard Keats as they were to traverse shallow waters.

## Action

Chased by the British division, Latouche attempted to escape into shallow waters without a pilot, but then discovered that *Racoon* had a pilot, offering him 500 Louis d'or to lead the frigates. However, when she entered the safe channel, *Aigle* found her interdicted by the British, and diverted into a secondary channel, which she found to be barred by a sandbank. The British dropped anchor, waiting for the high tide. Meanwhile, *Gloire*'s boat finally returned with a pilot, who informed Latouche that his situation was hopeless. Latouche then started evacuating his guests and funds from the frigate all through the afternoon and night. Two British boats attempted to cut away *Gloire*'s cutter, and *Aigle*'s longboat had to intervene with musket fire.

Around 1000 on the 14th, the British sent a cartel to offer an exchange of prisoners. Latouche agreed and released *Racoon*'s captain, Lieutenant Nagle. Soon after, British boats started advancing, and Latouche attempted to retreat deeper into the channel to hopefully lighten his frigates enough so she could sail over the sandbank. Both *Gloire* and *Aigle* ran aground, but *Gloire* managed to cross, while *Aigle* settled. *Racoon* crossed the sandbank with no difficulty.

*Gloire* succeeded in getting so far up the river that she could not be attacked with any prospect of success, while the British ships had to traverse the shallows without a pilot on board. Keats took upon himself responsibility for navigating the shallows of the Delaware and continued the chase for two whole days as they eased over banks. *Aigle*, which now had most of *Racoon*'s crew grounded, allowing the *Vestal* and *Bonetta*, drawing less water to gain positions to attack the French frigate. The *Vestal* ran aground on the starboard quarter of the *Aigle*, the *Bonetta* anchoring within 200 yards of her larboard quarter, while the *Sophie* anchored under her stern.

Latouche had some of *Aigle*'s guns thrown overboard and had cut away her masts in an attempt to refloat her, but to no avail. With the descending tide, *Aigle* settled on the side, rendering her remaining artillery useless. Latouche then started evacuating the frigate and had holes bored in her hull, after which he remained with her and struck her colours on 15 September. Despite the attempts to scuttle *Aigle*, the British were able to refloat her and took her into service under her own name. *Gloire* and *Racoon* escaped.

## Aftermath

Along with the *Aigle*, the British captured all of *Racoon*'s crew. *Aigle* had had on board some senior French officers, who escaped ashore, as did the now-wealthy pilot. The French officers who escaped included Comte de Rochambeau (commander of the French army), Vicomte de Laval, Duke Laurun, Viscount de Fleury, and some others. In addition, they took most of the treasure the ships were carrying.

The British were able to refloat *Aigle* and took her into service as HMS *Aigle* . Comte de La Touche, along with several noblemen that included two of Marquis de Lafayette's family, as well 600 sailors and troops, were captured by the crew of the Royal Naval vessels, helped by a number of British troops who had arrived very late in the action. Comte de La Touche-Tréville remained a prisoner for the rest of the war's duration. Captain Elphinstone allowed Latouche and his mistress to reunite. The Sophie was taken into the navy, but sold two years later.

## Citations

1. Hannah (2021), p. 20.
2. Monaque (2000), p. 94.
3. Monaque (2000), p. 96.
4. "No. 12388". *The London Gazette*. 12 November 1782. pp. 3–4.
5. Monaque (2000), p. 98.
6. "No. 12388". *The London Gazette*. 12 November 1782. pp. 3–4.
7. Hannah (2021), p. 21.
8. *The Remembrancer, Or Impartial Repository of Public Events*. Vol. 14. 1782.

## InfoBox

| Action of 15 September 1782 | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of the American Revolutionary War | |
| Date 15 September 1782  Location Delaware Bay  Result  British victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| Great Britain | France |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Captain George Elphinstone | Latouche Tréville (POW) |
| Strength | |
| 4 ships | 3 ships |
| Casualties and losses | |
| Light | 1 ship captured,<br>600 prisoners |


title: Xanthophyllum adenotus

abstract: Xanthophyllum adenotus is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet adenotus is from the Greek meaning 'gland', referring to the leaf glands.

text:
# Xanthophyllum adenotus

***Xanthophyllum adenotus*** is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet **adenotus** is from the Greek meaning 'gland', referring to the leaf glands.

## Description

*Xanthophyllum adenotus* grows as a shrub or tree up to 15 metres (50 ft) tall with a trunk diameter of up to 25 centimetres (10 in). The flowers are pinkish to pale violet, drying dark red. The pale or reddish-brown fruits are round and measure up to 1.8 cm (1 in) in diameter.

## Distribution and habitat

*Xanthophyllum adenotus* grows naturally in Sumatra and Borneo. Its habitat is mixed dipterocarp forests from sea-level to 700 metres (2,300 ft) altitude.

## Varieties

One variety is currently recognised:

## InfoBox

| *Xanthophyllum adenotus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Polygalaceae |
| Genus: | *Xanthophyllum* |
| Species: | ***X. adenotus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Xanthophyllum adenotus***<br>Miq. | |
|
| Varieties | |
|  | |


title: Puerto Rico Highway 30

abstract: Puerto Rico Highway 30 (PR-30), known as Expreso Cruz Ortiz Stella, is a main freeway in eastern Puerto Rico which connects the city of Caguas to the municipality of Humacao. With a length of 30.1 km (18.7 mi), it extends from PR-1 interchange in Bairoa barrio to PR-53 junction in Buena Vista barrio.

text:
# Puerto Rico Highway 30

**Puerto Rico Highway 30** (**PR-30**), known as *Expreso Cruz Ortiz Stella*, is a main freeway in eastern Puerto Rico which connects the city of Caguas to the municipality of Humacao. With a length of 30.1 km (18.7 mi), it extends from PR-1 interchange in Bairoa barrio to PR-53 junction in Buena Vista barrio.

## Route description

### Problems

This highway is considered highly dangerous due to the number of cars that transit it, partly because many people in Humacao and nearby municipalities work in San Juan. There are also concerns of cracks and holes, most of them in the right lane in both directions. The highway is in frequent repairs, especially the Caguas-Gurabo segment. There are possibilities that this highway has not been properly repaired, intentionally, because drivers speed up to more than the specified speed limit (55 mph) and having the highway repaired would mean more fatal accidents as a good highway would invite people to drive faster. Nevertheless, the segment between Caguas and Gurabo has been repaired and repaved, and the segment in Las Piedras is being repaired and expanded near the exit to PR-183 mainly because of the large number of vehicles taking this exit and creating a congestion in the freeway. The segments between Gurabo and Juncos are not repaired and have a significant number of cracks and holes. Another problem with PR-30 is that it turns very slippery when wet and cars still drive above speed limit (55 mph). Many people have died in the freeway and is considered one of the most dangerous in the island.

### Parallel routes

PR-198 and PR-189 parallel the freeway almost in its entire length, and they never get far from the freeway. PR-189 (Caguas–Juncos) has two junctions with PR-30 ― one in Gurabo near Caguas and the other in Juncos. PR-198 does the same in Juncos and Humacao. PR-183 also parallels the highway but it lies significantly south, and two connectors and one exit connect them ― PR-203 from Gurabo to San Lorenzo, PR-204 in Las Piedras and the Exit 21 in the same town. PR-183 ends in Las Piedras.

## Exit list

| Municipality | Location | km | mi | Exit | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Caguas | Bairoa | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0A–B | PR-1 / PR-52 (PRI-1 / Autopista Luis A. Ferré) San Juan, Caguas, Ponce, Cayey, Bayamón, Carolina | Western terminus of PR-30. Access to Menonita Caguas Regional Hospital |
| | | 2.9–
3.0 | 1.8–
1.9 | 3 | PR-Avenida Rafael Cordero Caguas Centro | The first exit, which connect PR-30 to its parallel route PR-189. This exits grants access to Plaza Centro, the second most important shopping center in Caguas. |
| Gurabo | Rincón | 4.0–
4.1 | 2.5–
2.5 | 4 | PR-189 Caguas, Gurabo | Grants access to Ana G. Méndez University and West Gurabo. |
| | | 5.5–
5.6 | 3.4–
3.5 | 5 |
PR-203 south (Expreso Chayanne) San Lorenzo | Connects PR-30 with PR-183. |
| | RincónMamey
Jaguar tripoint | 7.5–
7.9 | 4.7–
4.9 | 7–8 | PR-181 / PR-9944 (Desvío Oscar Dávila Carrión) Gurabo, Trujillo Alto, Jaguar | Access to the main downtown of Gurabo, south to Jaguar barrio in San Lorenzo and further north to Trujillo Alto. |
| | Mamey | 9.0–
9.1 | 5.6–
5.7 | 9 | PR-189 / PR-9030 Gurabo | No westbound exit; eastbound entrance ramp closed. |
| Juncos | Mamey | 13.1 | 8.1 | 12 |

PR-185 north to PR-189 Juncos, Canóvanas | Eastbound exit and westbound entrance. Connects PR-30 with PR-66 and PR-3. |
| | Juncos barrio-pueblo | 13.6 | 8.5 | 13 |
PR-189 / PR-9919 (Desvío Ingeniero Josué Díaz Díaz) to PR-952 Juncos Centro, Canóvanas, Canta Gallo | Access to downtown Juncos and Lirios barrio. |
| | Ceiba Norte | 14.6–
14.7 | 9.1–
9.1 | 14 |
PR-31 east / PR-189 Juncos, Ceiba |  |
| Las Piedras | CeibaMontones line | 20.2 | 12.6 | 19 | PR-204 Valenciano Abajo, Ceiba | Exit to Valenciano area of Las Piedras. A small shopping center with a movie theatre, the largest in the southeast is there. |
| | MontonesTejas line | 21.9 | 13.6 | 21 | PR-183 Las Piedras, Montones | Access to downtown Las Piedras, and the Montones barrio. |
| | Tejas | 23.0 | 14.3 | 22 | PR-921 Tejas | Access to East Las Piedras and the Tejas barrio |
| Humacao | Tejas | 26.1 | 16.2 | 25 |

PR-60 east (Avenida Dionisio Casillas) to PR-198 Humacao Centro | Access to Center Humacao and North Humacao. |
| | | 27.7 | 17.2 | 26–28B | PR-908 Humacao Oeste, Tejas | Access to the University of Puerto Rico at Humacao and the Patagonia area. |
| | Cataño | 28.5 | 17.7 | 28A | PR-909 Humacao Sur, Mariana | Access to the Mariana barrio. For traffic from PR-30 Eastbound to PR-909 must take exit 28. |
| | 29.1 | 18.1 | 28 | PR-3 Humacao Sur, Mariana, Cataño | Eastbound exit only; no re-entry. Access to Candelero Arriba, Palmas del Mar and South Humacao. This exit can be used to bypass the Humacao South Toll Plaza on PR-53. |
| | Buena Vista | 30.1 | 18.7 | 30A–B | PR-53 (Autopista Doctor José Celso Barbosa) Humacao, Fajardo, Yabucoa, Palmas del Mar | Eastern terminus of PR-30. To the south (Exit 30A) is Yabucoa and going north (Exit 30B) is Fajardo, 30 kilometers from Humacao. PR-53 exit 33. |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Highway 30 | |
| --- | --- |
| *Ruta 30* | |
| *Expreso Cruz Ortiz Stella* | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by Puerto Rico DTPW | |
| Length | 30.1 km (18.7 mi) |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | PR-1 / PR-52 in Bairoa |
| Major intersections |  |
| East end | PR-53 in Buena Vista |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| Territory | Puerto Rico |
| Municipalities | Caguas, Gurabo, Juncos, Las Piedras, Humacao |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| PR-29   PR-31 | |


title: Mazzarino Friars

abstract: The Mazzarino Friars were a group of Capuchin friars that turned to crime. They were active around the town of Mazzarino, Italy, in the 1950s. Their trial was a much-debated issue in the early '60s in Italy, in the context of the historical struggle between clerical and anti-clerical political forces prominent at that time. The whole story was pieced together in 1989 by journalist Giorgio Frasca Polara in his book La Terribile Istoria dei Frati di Mazzarino, published by Sellerio.

text:
# Mazzarino Friars

The **Mazzarino Friars** were a group of Capuchin friars that turned to crime. They were active around the town of Mazzarino, Italy, in the 1950s. Their trial was a much-debated issue in the early '60s in Italy, in the context of the historical struggle between clerical and anti-clerical political forces prominent at that time.

The whole story was pieced together in 1989 by journalist Giorgio Frasca Polara in his book La Terribile Istoria dei Frati di Mazzarino (*The Terrible History of the Mazzarino Friars*), published by Sellerio.

## Criminal history

### The friars

In April 1956 the provincial Father of the order came to Mazzarino for a visit, after hearing rumors about an extortion business managed by four friars. These four Capuchin friars were Venanzio, Carmelo, Agrippino and Vittorio. (Agrippino had earlier apparently been coerced into joining the gang, after shotgun fire nearly hit him. He was told that they "would aim better next time", by monastery gardener Carmelo Lo Bartolo.) After arriving to the friary, the superior spoke with two suspects, who told him that his life was in great danger and that he could save himself only by dropping the inquiry and paying 600.000 lire to someone they knew. The scared superior paid the large sum, but was later blackmailed again by the Friars, acting like humble and frightened emissaries of a powerful crime covenant.

### Extortion and murders

After their success with the provincial prior, Father Enrico, the gang turned its attention to more wealthy villagers. The Friars demanded money from the local pharmacist, Ernesto Colajanni. He refused firmly, and a few days later the oak door of his house was set on fire. Colajanni spoke to the friary prior, Father Venanzio, noting that he had a very profound knowledge of his earnings and wealth. Venanzio agreed to intercede with the blackmailers, and came back to Colajanni two days later with bad news: the criminals were now asking for at least 2 million lire (as a comparison, the sale price of a brand new Fiat 1400 sedan in 1950 was 1.275.000 lire). Colajanni, unable to afford such a sum, asked Father Venanzio to haggle, and ultimately agreed to pay half a million.

One year later, the Friars tried again to get money from a local landowner, Angelo Cannata. After his refusal to pay, they met him one evening while he was returning from work. They stopped his car, which had him, his wife, son and chauffeur inside it, threatened him with a gun, shot his legs and fled. The man died minutes later from blood loss.

After a few days, Father Carmelo met with Cannata's wife and relatives, asking for more money in order to have the mysterious crime group spare their lives. The relatives, not understanding the role of the Friars in the murder, politely declined and told Father Carmelo that they had faith in Divine Providence. Angered, the friar left the house allegedly crying "*che Provvidenza e Provvidenza! Ci avimu a pinzari nuantri, no Diu!* ("What Providence and Providence, \[to solve this problem\] we can only rely on ourselves, not God!"). The Cannata family paid the required ransom.

### Arrest

On May 5, 1959, a further extortion went awry when the victim refused to pay and was gunned down by the Friars. The victim, city guard Giovanni Stuppia, got severe wounds to his legs and passed out, but managed to wake up and go to the Mazzarino Carabinieri station. He told them about the extortion, the names of the four friars intended to receive the money and identified the four killers: Carmelo Lo Bartolo, Girolamo Azzolina, Giuseppe Salemi and Filippo Nicoletti. Two friars and three laypeople were arrested the same evening, while Lo Bartolo succeeded in escaping capture. Father Agrippino and Father Venanzio turned themselves in one month later. Lo Bartolo was later found in Ventimiglia, trying to buy a house with 20 million lire, allegedly acquired from the extortion.

The Caltanissetta public prosecutor began an extensive investigation that ultimately led to the indictment of the four friars, along with four laypeople, on February 16, 1960. Among them was Carmelo Lo Bartolo, the market gardener of the friary, who was deemed to be the head of the killer commando.

## Controversy

The trial was a very divisive issue in Italian society in the late '50s and early '60s. Although the public prosecutor quickly managed to gather much unquestionable evidence and accounts about the role of the friars, clerical supporters (mostly linked to the Democrazia Cristiana Church and other Catholic institutions), led by the Palermo Archbishop Ernesto Ruffini, promptly stated that the friars were innocent victims of a trap by anti-Catholic forces. The Catholic newspaper Avvenire was the main mean of propaganda for those stating the innocence of the friars.

Lo Bartolo was deemed by the Catholic press to be a communist, and was accused of being violent and the leader of the group. He was found dead in jail on the day before he was supposed to testify, with his death declared a suicide by hanging. The suicide looked suspicious, as his body was hanged with a bed sheet to a nail in the wall placed only about one meter from the ground, but no formal inquiry was conducted. Allegations were brought forth by Catholic supporters claiming that he was the mastermind of a plan by the communists to discredit the friars, who were not only called "victims", but even "saints".

## Inquiry and trial

### Defense

Francesco Carnelutti, a very prominent Italian attorney and jurist of the 20th century, was called to defend the Capuchins. Despite being very close to the Church, and risking a breach with the other Catholic forces in the country by this action, Carnelutti advised the friars to acknowledge their role, but stated that they could not act in any other way since they were under menace from the Sicilian Mafia themselves.

As part of the defense, Carnelutti stated that one of the friars, Father Agrippino, risked being killed when he decided not to collaborate, and showed some holes in a wall of his cell, allegedly marks of bullets from a lupara shotgun. When asked about their cooperation with the alleged Mafia crime ring, Carnelutti publicly told the friars "If you will ever find yourself in that kind of troubles another time, do the same error again".

### Involvement of Cosimo Cristina

Cosimo Cristina, a Sicilian journalist, wrote an article for the *Prospettive Siciliane*, affirming he had proofs that a notable attorney and journalist from Mazzarino was behind the criminal covenant, along with the friars. The name of this attorney was not explicitly stated, but only three people matched the profile. Attorney Alfonso Russo Cigna, a correspondent for *Giornale di Sicilia*, sued Cristina for defamation and won in an unusually short trial promptly instructed and lasting only 20 days. Cristina was sentenced to one year and four months of suspended sentence, along with a 2 million lire fine. Two months later, while waiting for the appeal where he would have presented his evidence, he was killed in a fake suicide in Termini Imerese, his body apparently trampled by a train. The suicide was shown to be a murder by other journalists six years later.

### First sentence

Ultimately, on June 22, 1962, the four laypeople were found guilty of extortion and manslaughter, with Azzolina and Salemmi receiving sentences of up to 30 years and Nicoletti receiving 14 years. Lo Bartolo was dead at the time, but his role was acknowledged. The friars were discharged because of Carnelutti's defense. The sentence was well received by the high-ups of the Catholic hierarchy, but many jurists and citizens were outraged.

Giovanni Leone, a preeminent jurist and then Speaker of the lower house of the Italian Parliament, decided to speak out against the sentence, while also wanting to avoid hurting his relations with his peers at the Democrazia Cristiana. In a letter to the magazine *Epoca*, he attacked the "state of necessity" exception brought by the court, and wrote that any gentlemen, whatever his dress, knows how not to get involved with the Mafia.

### Sentence revisions

On July 6, 1963, the Appeal Court of Perugia revised the sentence, finding three of the four friars guilty of extortion, manslaughter, violence and simulation of a crime, sentencing each to 13 years. Father Vittorio was discharged again. The typewriter used in the ransom letters was proven to be Vittorio's, but he proved that he usually left it unattended outside his room.

On February 10, 1965, the Corte di Cassazione found procedural faults in the proceedings, and restarted the trial. The new trial ended with sentences of 8 years for Father Venanzio and Agrippino, 14 years for Nicoletti, 17 for Salemi and 24 for Azzolina. Father Carmelo, over 80 years old, had died a few months earlier, on December 12, 1964. The sentence was confirmed on September 30, 1967.

The friars were set free because of remissions and good behavior on July 5, 1969. Being compromised, Agrippino left for Peru, while Venanzio came back to Mazzarino in bad health, dying on February 11, 1970.


title: Recipe for Disaster (album)

abstract: Recipe for Disaster is the second full-length album by the American hard rock band Brand New Sin. It was released in 2005 via Century Media Records. Singles included "Black and Blue," for which a music video was made, and "Days Are Numbered."

text:
# Recipe for Disaster (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| Blabbermouth.net | 6.5/10 |

***Recipe for Disaster*** is the second full-length album by the American hard rock band Brand New Sin. It was released in 2005 via Century Media Records.

Singles included "Black and Blue," for which a music video was made, and "Days Are Numbered."

## Critical reception

AllMusic called the album "a fine one, with more than enough high-water marks to counter the lows, and more than enough sheer 'rawk' gumption to stand out from the cookie-cutter radio rockers out there." *PopMatters* called the album "a confident step forward," writing that it is "the perfect music for a summer afternoon with a tubful of beer on ice." *Exclaim!* derided the "vocals that sound like a furious and bowel-obstructed Scott Stapp, tired mid-tempo Southern rock blues-riffing punctuated by occasional hints of thrash, and enough debased artificial harmonic guitar solo wankery to make Dimebag Darrell roll over in his grave."

## Track listing

1. "Arrived" – 3:10
2. "The Loner" – 2:33
3. "Brown Street Betty" – 3:20
4. "Black and Blue" – 3:16
5. "Running Alone" – 4:04
6. "Freight Train" – 3:33
7. "Vicious Cycles" – 3:45
8. "Another Reason" – 5:19
9. "Days Are Numbered" – 3:19
10. "Once in a Lifetime" – 4:23
11. "Dead Man Walking" – 3:38
12. "Gulch" – 0:39
13. "Wyoming" – 6:09

## Personnel

* Joe Altier – vocals
* Kris Wiechmann – guitar
* Kenny Dunham – guitar
* Chuck Kahl – bass
* Kevin Deandrums
* Engineered and mixed by Pete Walker
* Mastered by Alan Douches at West Side Music

## InfoBox

| Recipe for Disaster | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Brand New Sin | |
| Released | May 31, 2005 (2005-05-31) |
| Recorded | Village Recorders |
| Genre | Southern rock, heavy metal |
| Length | 47:08 |
| Label | Century Media |
| Producer | Brand New Sin, Pete Walker |
| Brand New Sin chronology | |
| *Brand New Sin*
(2002) ***Recipe for Disaster***
(2005) *Tequila*
(2006) | |


title: Mecyna gracilis

abstract: Mecyna gracilis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1879. It is found in the Russian Far East, Japan, Taiwan and China. The wingspan is 20–24 mm.

text:
# Mecyna gracilis

***Mecyna gracilis*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1879. It is found in the Russian Far East, Japan, Taiwan and China.

The wingspan is 20–24 mm.

## InfoBox

| *Mecyna gracilis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Mecyna* |
| Species: | ***M. gracilis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mecyna gracilis***<br>(Butler, 1879) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Samea gracilis* Butler, 1879 * *Uresiphita gracilis* * *Botys explicatalis* Christoph, 1881 * *Pyrausta gracilis meridionalis* Caradja & Meyrick, 1934 | |


title: Mirror Films

abstract: Mirror Films Incorporated was a short-lived motion picture company producing films from late 1915 to early 1917. Their stated purpose was to bring business practices to bear on motion picture production in order to make a profit, to "look upon film...as so much canned product".

text:
# Mirror Films

**Mirror Films Incorporated** was a short-lived motion picture company producing films from late 1915 to early 1917. Their stated purpose was to bring business practices to bear on motion picture production in order to make a profit, to "look upon film...as so much canned product".

## Company Founding

Mirror Films Inc. was incorporated on September 23, 1915. Founders included Clifford Harmon, W.C. Toomey, Frank Hastings (treasurer), Abraham Archibald Anderson, Richard G. Hollaman, Harry Rowe Shelley, John W. Houston, Joseph Howland Hunt (brother/partner of Richard Howland Hunt), Andres de Segurola, and others. Captain Harry Lambart, formerly a director at Vitagraph, was retained as director-general in charge of productions. The company's offices were located at 16 East 42nd Street in New York City.

Formation of the company was announced in October 1915. This was followed by an extensive print advertising campaign to raise capital through sales of stock in the company. Approximately $500,000 of preferred stock and $2,000,000 of regular stock shares were issued at a price of $5 per share. The company was reported to have raised at least $300,000 and likely in excess of $500,000, though it did not raise the full $2,500,000 amount of the stock issue despite some reports.

Concurrent with the stock offering, Mirror also issued a number of publicity press releases to gossip and movie columns throughout the country, announcing the company had retained services of various directors, writers, and actors and was building several production facilities. Actors mentioned included Nat Goodwin, William "Billy" Quirk, Margaret Greene, Flora Finch, Ione Bright, and Estelle Mardo; directors/writers included Lawrence Marston, Walter McNamara, Opie Read, and Beta Breuil. Also attached to the company was Carl von Hoffman as cinematographer for various Mirror films.

## Film Production

In January/February 1916 Mirror announced that several films were in production; no titles were initially associated with the films. This was followed in the spring of 1916 by more publicity press releases mentioning the activities of various actors in relation to Mirror. The company purchased a casino/dance hall in Glendale, Queens, New York for conversion to a studio for film production, as well as using facilities available in Jacksonville, Florida. Clifford Harmon subsequently orchestrated a land deal to expand production facilities in Glendale for $150,000.

### The Marriage Bond

Mirror began production of *The Marriage Bond* (lost film) in February 1916, filming in Glendale, NY. The film was a 5-reel motion picture and starred Nat Goodwin and Margaret Greene. Also in the cast were Raymond Bloomer, Anne Jeffson, P.J. Rollow, and Loel Steuart; Lawrence Marston directed. The film was released in July 1916 by Unity Sales Corporation.

### Turned Up

Mirror began production of *Turned Up* (a 5-reel motion picture, version of a Mark Melford farce) in February 1916 in Jacksonville and Palm Beach, Florida. Additional filming in Glendale followed in March 1916. The film starred Nat Goodwin with Flora Finch, William "Billy" Quirk, Augustus Phillips, and Estelle Mardo. Walter McNamara directed, with a screenplay by Adrian Johnson.

Mirror reportedly sent a total of 40 actors and stage personnel to produce the picture. The film went significantly over-budget due to various issues, some of which were of significance in the trial resulting from a 1916 Nat Goodwin lawsuit against Mirror. There is no evidence to indicate the film was ever released.

### A Wall Street Tragedy

The Mirror production of *A Wall Street Tragedy* (lost film) was filmed in April 1916. Lawrence Marston once again directed, and the film starred Nat Goodwin and Zola Telmzart. The film was released by Mutual Film Corporation.

### The Lions Mail

*The Lions Mail* began filming in May 1916. Nat Goodwin and Henry Carville starred; the film was directed by Frank S. Beresford. Some filming occurred on location in Quebec. The film may not have been completed, as Mirror reportedly ran out of money during filming and the studio ceased operations.

During this period, Mirror also participated in the 1916 Screen Club Ball at Madison Square Garden; attendees included Clifford Harmon, other Mirror executives, Nat Goodwin, Billy Quirk, Ione Bright, and Margaret Greene. The Glendale studio also fielded an amateur softball team which competed in local community leagues during 1916.

The company began to evidence troubles as early as February 1916, with the departure of Captain Harry Lambart. This was followed by mentions in various newspapers that Mirror was experiencing difficulties and that it had effectively run out of cash to operate. Multiple breach of contract lawsuits were soon filed against the company for failure to make good on promised salaries.

By February 1917, W.C. Toomey had left the company, taking a position with Mutual Films, for whom he had worked previously.

### Nat Goodwin lawsuit

Nat Goodwin filed a breach-of-contract lawsuit against Mirror Films in late May 1916, alleging he was owed more than $15,000 in back wages. Legal wranglimg in the case continued until the case was heard by the New York State Supreme Court in March 1918. The lawsuit resulted in the seizure of Mirror's Glendale studio in June 1916, though Mirror executives secured a bond to re-open the studio and disputed the effect the seizure had on production.

The jury trial was an acrimonius one, and was extensively covered in the newspapers. In the trial, lawyers for Mirror Films extensively questioned the character of Nat Goodwin; accusations of drunkenness, sloth, contentious and diva-like behavior on/off the set (at the filming locations in Florida and New York as well as the Seminole Hotel in Jacksonville), and outright refusal to work were offered in an effort to prove that Goodwin had been fired with just cause. Goodwin and his lawyers countered with their own witnesses and evidence that Harmon had admitted on various occasions that the company had run out of operating capital and was unable to pay the agreed-upon salary. Witnesses included Clifford Harmon, W.C. Toomey, directors Lawrence Marston and Walter McNamara, Goodwin's wife Margaret, as well as members of the film crew and personal assistants for Goodwin.

In May 1918, Nat Goodwin was awarded $15,374. Further appeals by Mirror delayed payment of the award; Goodwin was forced to sue the surety company which was holding the bond from Mirror that was used to reopen the studio. The suit was still in litigation when Goodwin passed away in January 1919.

By 1919, no securities information on Mirror Films Inc. was available, and the company was effectively insolvent and out of business.

1. Slide, Anthony (2013). *The New Historical Dictionary of the American Film Industry*. Routledge. p. 128.
2. Records of Supreme Court of New York, First Dept. vol. 3671, Case 1672/1916, Dorothy Dale vs. Harry Lambart and Mirror Films Inc.
3. "The Enormous Profits". *Harrisburg Telegraph*. December 9, 1915. p. 13.
4. "Buy Mirror Film Stock". *Chicago Tribune*. p. 17.
5. NY State Supreme Court filing, Goodwin vs Mirror Films. via Google Books.
6. "Mirror Films". *Chicago Tribune*. March 6, 1917. p. 17.
7. "A New Film Company With Millions Capital". *The Daily New Era*. October 9, 1915. p. 7.
8. ""Big Film Studio"". *The Philadelphia Inquirer*. Oct 17, 1915. p. 34.
9. "News of the Movies". *The Portsmouth Herald*. March 7, 1916. p. 7.
10. "New Picture City". *Altoona Tribune*. February 3, 1916. p. 10.
11. "Editor To Write More Photoplays". *The Ogden Standard*. February 26, 1916. p. 9.
12. "Woman Active In Film Production". *The Washington Herald*. January 16, 1916. p. 19.
13. "Mirror Films". *The Buffalo Times*. March 19, 1916. p. 50.
14. "Mirror Film Studio To Be Greatly Enlarged". *The Scranton Republican*. Feb 1, 1916. p. 16.
15. Moving Picture World, July 1, 1916, p.78.
16. "Movie Gossip". *The Pittsburgh Press*. May 7, 1916. p. 62.
17. "Calls Violet Rays Nat Goodwin's Fad". *The New York Sun*. Mar 19, 1918. p. 14.
18. "Screen Club Ball A Success". *Motography*. **XV** (10): 519–520.
19. "Mirror Films First Game". *Brooklyn Times Union*. May 13, 1916. p. 9.
20. "Leave Mirror Films". *Akron Evening Times*. Feb 16, 1916. p. 6.
21. "Mirror Films is said to be in difficulties". *The Meriden Daily Journal*. June 14, 1916. p. 14.
22. Henry Carville lawsuit against Mirror Films
23. Moving Picture World, Feb 3, 1917, pp.672.
24. "Mirror Films Plant Seized". *The Sun*. June 9, 1916. p. 7.
25. "Mirror Films Plant Not Hurt". *The Chat*. June 17, 1916. p. 36.
26. "Says Nat Goodwin Sulked When He Was Reprimanded". *The Sacramento Bee*. Mar 30, 1918. p. 16.
27. "Stop Nat Goodwin From Pocketing $15,374". *The Standard Union*. June 12, 1918. p. 4.
28. Moody's Manual of Railroads and Corporation Securities, 1919, p.2969


title: Operation Dezful

abstract: Operation Dezful was fought in early stage of the Iran–Iraq War on 15 October 1980 as Iranian tank brigades from the 16th Qazvin, 77th Khorasan, and 92nd Khuzestan armoured divisions attacked Iraqi positions. The Iranian Army's aim was to stop Iraqis progress in Iranian territories and to push them back. However, Iraqi forces counterattacked from the flanks, and repulsed the Iranian forces. The Iranian failure was blamed on poor decision making, the purge of army commanders due to their participation in Nojeh coup plot, and underestimating fire power of Iraqi forces and they were forced to retreat to the eastern shores of Dez River west of Dezful.

text:
# Operation Dezful

**Operation Dezful** was fought in early stage of the Iran–Iraq War on 15 October 1980 as Iranian tank brigades from the 16th Qazvin, 77th Khorasan, and 92nd Khuzestan armoured divisions attacked Iraqi positions. The Iranian Army's aim was to stop Iraqis progress in Iranian territories and to push them back. However, Iraqi forces counterattacked from the flanks, and repulsed the Iranian forces. The Iranian failure was blamed on poor decision making, the purge of army commanders due to their participation in Nojeh coup plot, and underestimating fire power of Iraqi forces and they were forced to retreat to the eastern shores of Dez River west of Dezful.

## Repelling an Iranian counterattack in the Dezful sector

After the first week of fighting the Iraqis found themselves a number of kilometers from the city of Dezful, which served as an important logistics center for the Iranian forces in Khuzestan Province and was also a key industrial area. For this reason, extensive fortifications had been built around it in the period of the Shah's rule. The Iraqis avoided entering the city and settled for artillery fire aimed at important local infrastructure. The Iranians on their part did not sit idly by, and within a short space of time managed to organize their forces in the sector. They mounted a counterattack on 14–16 October on the northern flank of the Iraqi 10th Division by an armored brigade of the Iranian 92nd Division (about 100 tanks) and an infantry brigade reinforced by the Revolutionary Guards (3000-4000 soldiers and volunteers), with the aim of forcing the Iraqis to withdraw form the sector.

The Iraqi 42nd Armored Brigade, against which the counterattack was directed, withdrew in an organized fashion to the territory which it had full control over, and from there concentrated its fire on the killing area that the Iranians had entered. In addition, the Iraqis sent in a force of the 24th Mechanized Brigade equipped with BMP-1 AFVs armed with A/T Sagger missiles which did much damage to the Iranian armored force at a close range of 100–150 meters.

The Iranian attack, which had figured prominently in deliberations being held in the Iranian parliament in Tehran concerning the direction of the war, ended in a resounding defeat, causing the Iranians to abandon 136 armored combat vehicles, including 84 tanks, on the battlefield. This was one of the most important armored battles fought in that sector since the outbreak of the war.

32°23′00″N 48°28′00″E / 32.3833°N 48.4667°E / 32.3833; 48.4667

## InfoBox

| Operation Dezful | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of Iran–Iraq War | |
| Dezfulclass=notpageimage|Location of the city of Dezful, Iran | |
| Date October 15, 1980  Location Dezful, southwest Iran  Result Iraqi victory
* Although Iranian counter-attack is defeated it succeeds in halting elements of the Iraqi advance causing the Iraqis to reconsider their plan * Iraqis scout the surroundings but refrain from entering and occupying the weakly defended city * Iraqis choose to remain entrenched in more easily defensible positions on the west bank of Dez river from where they maintain the siege of Dezful | |
| Belligerents | |
| Iraq | Iran |
| Commanders and leaders | |
|  |  |
| Strength | |
|  | 3000-4000 infantry
100 tanks |
| Casualties and losses | |
| Light | KIA 400
136 combat vehicles
84 tanks destroyed |


title: Palakonda revenue division

abstract: Palakonda revenue division is an administrative division in the Parvathipuram Manyam district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the two revenue divisions in the district with seven mandals under its administration. The divisional headquarters are located at Palakonda.

text:
# Palakonda revenue division

**Palakonda revenue division** (or Palakonda division) is an administrative division in the Parvathipuram Manyam district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the two revenue divisions in the district with seven mandals under its administration. The divisional headquarters are located at Palakonda.

## Administration

The 7 mandals administered under the revenue division are:

| No. | Mandal |
| --- | --- |
| 1 | Jiyyammavalasa |
| 2 | Gummalaxmipuram |
| 3 | Kurupam |
| 4 | Palakonda |
| 5 | Seethampeta, Srikakulam |
| 6 | Bhamini |
| 7 | Veeraghattam |

## Demographics

The division has a population of 7,98,407. 7,28,847 is rural and 69,560 urban. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 13.21% and 14.66% of the population respectively.

98.31% of the population is Hindu and 1.15% Christian.

At the time of the 2011 census, 91.68% of the population spoke Telugu, 5.28% Saora and 2.42% Odia as their first language.

## InfoBox

| Palakonda revenue division | |
| --- | --- |
| revenue division in Parvathipuram Manyam district | |
| Hills near Palakonda | |
| Palalkonda revenue division in Srikakulam district | |
| Country | India |
| State | Andhra Pradesh |
| District | Parvathipuram Manyam |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 798,407 |


title: Raquel Seruca

abstract: Raquel Seruca was a Portuguese oncobiologist known for her work on stomach cancer.

text:
# Raquel Seruca

**Raquel Seruca** (1962 – 29 May 2022) was a Portuguese oncobiologist known for her work on stomach cancer.

## Life

Seruca was born and raised in Porto. She graduated in medicine at the University of Porto before obtaining a PhD in the molecular genetics of stomach cancer in 1995. She was supervised by Professor Manuel Sobrinho Simões. She was then a fellow at the University of Groningen in the Human Genetics department.

Seruca and Joana Paredes led a team that obtained funding three times from the charity No Stomach For Cancer in 2015, 2017 and 2021 for their research work to create tests to identify mutations in the Caderin-E gene that is responsible for inherited stomach cancer.

She died in Porto in 2022.

## Awards and recognition

She was decorated by the Portuguese government with the insignia of Grand Officer of the Order of Infante D. Henrique, in 2009, for her contribution to the study of stomach cancer. She was awarded the Benjamin Castelman Award (USCAP) in 2001 and 2012. She received the Medal of Scientific Merit from the Porto City Council in 2014. In the same year, she was awarded the Femina Award for Merit in Science. In 2021, she won the ACTIVA Women Inspiring Science Award for her contribution to the Comprehensive Cancer Center.

## InfoBox

| Raquel Seruca | |
| --- | --- |
| Seruca in 2013 | |
| Born | 1962
Porto, Portugal |
| Died | 29 May 2022 (aged 59)
Porto, Portugal |
| Nationality | Portuguese |
| Occupation | oncobiologist |
| Known for | her work on stomach cancer |


title: Action of 17 July 1628

abstract: The action of 17 July 1628 took place during the Anglo-French War (1627–1629). The English force led by the Kirke brothers succeeded in capturing a supply convoy bound for New France, severely impairing that colony's ability to resist attack.

text:
# Action of 17 July 1628

The **action of 17 July 1628** took place during the Anglo-French War (1627–1629). The English force led by the Kirke brothers succeeded in capturing a supply convoy bound for New France, severely impairing that colony's ability to resist attack.

## Background

War between England and France broke out over English support for French Huguenots besieged in La Rochelle by the forces of Louis XIII. Charles I of England commissioned David Kirke of Dieppe to seize French shipping in North America and expand English trade in the St. Lawrence valley. The French on the other hand had established a permanent base at Quebec in 1608 and were looking to expand their title that territory. Cardinal Richelieu had been the driving force behind the formation of the Compagnie des Cent-Associés to manage the fur trade and encourage settlement, in order to consolidate the tentative hold the French had in Canada. Led by Samuel de Champlain, efforts were being made to improve conditions at Quebec in preparation for the arrival of the first convoy of supplies and colonists.

Kirke and his fleet arrived off the coast of North America in the spring of 1628, seized the French post of Tadoussac as his base, and proceeded to attack French fishing vessels. In the meantime the French convoy had departed from Dieppe on April 28. It consisted of four large merchant vessels and a single barque under the command of Admiral Claude Roquement de Brison, carrying supplies and approximately 400 settlers for Quebec. It was the largest effort yet at populating New France. In June they arrived at Anticosti Island and learned of Kirke's presence.

## Prelude

In July Kirke sailed upriver from Tadoussac in order to seize Quebec. Champlain, who had been expecting badly needed supplies from France, did not know that Kirke had been in the St. Lawrence seizing vessels until just prior to the English arrival off Quebec on July 9. Kirke sent a message to Champlain demanding the town's surrender the next day. Champlain sent a bold refusal, hoping the English would not discover his desperate straits. Kirke did not want to gamble on attacking such a formidable defense position, and withdrew back towards Tadoussac.

## Battle

Unaware of the events that had taken place at Quebec, Admiral Roquement made the decision to bypass the English at Tadoussac under the cover of fog and if necessary fight their way through. Kirke's force on the other hand was larger and better equipped, and also had the advantage of being upstream from Roquement. On July 17 the two forces sighted each other and began to manoeuvre into position. Roquement, with both the current and the weather gauge against him, could not make a move to pass Kirke, and realized he had to fight. Kirke made better use of his advantages and anchored at extreme range in order to batter the French into surrender. Roquement attempted to do the same, but he had fewer cannon and inferior range. Kirke bombarded the French for fourteen or fifteen hours, while Roquement's efforts fell short. When their supply of gunpowder ran out, Roquement surrendered.

## Aftermath

The surrender of the French fleet yielded a great deal of plunder for Kirke, and this alone made his expedition a tremendous success, despite the failure to capture Quebec. King Charles commissioned him to make a return trip the next year in order to fulfill that goal. Champlain and the residents of Quebec faced a winter deprived of much needed supplies and reinforcements, and when Kirke returned in the spring of 1629 surrender was the only option. All the residents of New France were deported back to the mother country and Quebec became an English post. Upon his return to France Champlain learned that the war had ended before Kirke took Quebec, making the seizure illegal. Champlain lobbied for the return of New France, but did not succeed until the signing of the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye in 1632. He would return to New France the next year and oversee the establishment of substantial French settlement in Canada before his death in 1635. Kirke would later become Governor of Newfoundland.

* Fishcer, David Hackett. *Champlain's Dream*. Toronto: Random House Canada, 2008. ISBN 0-307-39766-1.

## InfoBox

| Action of 17 July 1628 | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of Anglo-French War (1627–1629) | |
| Date 17 July 1628  Location St. Lawrence River, near present-day Rimouski, Quebec  Result  English victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| England | France |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| David Kirke | |
| Strength | |
| 5–6 men-of-war
1 pinnace | 4 large merchant vessels
1 barque |
| Casualties and losses | |
| none reported | 4 merchant vessels captured
400 prisoners |


title: Xanthophyllum beccarianum

abstract: Xanthophyllum beccarianum is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. It is named for the Italian botanist Odoardo Beccari.

text:
# Xanthophyllum beccarianum

***Xanthophyllum beccarianum*** is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. It is named for the Italian botanist Odoardo Beccari.

## Description

*Xanthophyllum beccarianum* grows up to 12 metres (40 ft) tall with a trunk diameter of up to 17 centimetres (7 in). The bark is grey-green and smooth. The flowers are orange-red when dry. The round fruits measure up to 1.5 cm (1 in) in diameter.

## Distribution and habitat

*Xanthophyllum beccarianum* is endemic to Borneo. Its habitat is mixed dipterocarp forests from sea-level to 200 metres (700 ft) altitude.

## InfoBox

| *Xanthophyllum beccarianum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Polygalaceae |
| Genus: | *Xanthophyllum* |
| Species: | ***X. beccarianum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Xanthophyllum beccarianum***<br>Chodat | |
|


title: Puerto Rico Highway 31

abstract: Puerto Rico Highway 31 (PR-31) is a main, rural highway connecting Juncos at Puerto Rico Highway 198 to Naguabo at Puerto Rico Highway 3.

text:
# Puerto Rico Highway 31

**Puerto Rico Highway 31** (**PR-31**) is a main, rural highway connecting Juncos at Puerto Rico Highway 198 to Naguabo at Puerto Rico Highway 3.

## Route description

PR-31 is an alternate route for people who are going from Caguas and other nearby towns to Naguabo, without having to pass through Humacao. It is located south of El Yunque and is constantly flooded, even with little rainfall. Several farms are close to this highway and it has two intersections with Puerto Rico Highway 53. Taking PR-30 and PR-53 to Naguabo can be faster depending on the traffic.

## Major intersections

| Municipality | Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Juncos | Ceiba Norte | 25.55 | 15.88 | PR-30 (Expreso Cruz Ortiz Stella) / PR-189 Juncos, Caguas, Humacao | Western terminus of PR-31; PR-30 exit 14; diamond interchange |
| | | 25.4 | 15.8 | PR-198 (Calle Víctor Torres) Las Piedras |  |
| | | 24.6 | 15.3 | PR-935 Ceiba Norte |  |
| | | 23.5–
23.4 | 14.6–
14.5 |
PR-9185 west Gurabo, La Placita |  |
| | Gurabo Abajo | 22.8 | 14.2 | PR-946 Gurabo Abajo |  |
| | Caimito | 20.0 | 12.4 | PR-947 Caimito |  |
| Las Piedras | El Río | 18.2 | 11.3 | PR-948 / PR-9936 Las Piedras, El Río |  |
| | | 16.5 | 10.3 | PR-949 El Río |  |
| | BoquerónEl Río line | 14.9 | 9.3 | PR-936 Las Piedras |  |
| Naguabo | Peña Pobre | 14.5 | 9.0 | PR-950 Peña Pobre |  |
| | | 13.3 | 8.3 | PR-924 (Carretera Luz Ercilia "Lucy" Fabery Zenón) Humacao |  |
| | Río Blanco | 9.7 | 6.0 | PR-950 Peña Pobre |  |
| | 8.8–
8.7 | 5.5–
5.4 | Puente de Río Blanco over the Río Blanco | |
| | 8.7 | 5.4 | PR-191 El Yunque National Forest |  |
| | 7.9 | 4.9 |
PR-53 north (Autopista Dr. José Celso Barbosa) Ceiba, Fajardo | PR-53 exit 22; incomplete diamond interchange; southbound exit and northbound entrance |
| | RíoMaizales line | 6.4 | 4.0 | PR-970 Maizales |  |
| | 4.2–
4.1 | 2.6–
2.5 | PR-192 Naguabo |  |
| | Naguabo barrio-puebloDuque line | 3.8–
3.7 | 2.4–
2.3 |
PR-205 north Fajardo, Humacao |  |
| | DuqueMariana line | 2.8–
2.7 | 1.7–
1.7 | PR-971 Naguabo, Duque |  |
| | Mariana | 0.0 | 0.0 | PR-3 Ceiba, Humacao | Eastern terminus of PR-31 |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Highway 31 | |
| --- | --- |
| *Ruta 31* | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by Puerto Rico DTPW | |
| Length | 25.55 km (15.88 mi) |
| Existed | 1953–present |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | PR-30 / PR-189 in Ceiba Norte |
| Major intersections |  |
| East end | PR-3 in Mariana |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| Territory | Puerto Rico |
| Municipalities | Juncos, Las Piedras, Naguabo |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| PR-30   PR-32 | |