title: Richard Rigg (Canadian politician)

abstract: Richard Arthur Rigg was a Methodist minister and politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1915 to 1917, and is notable as the first member of the Social Democratic Party to serve in that body. Rigg was born in Todmorden, Lancashire, England, and came to Canada in 1903. He was a bookbinder as well as a Methodist minister, and served as a first permanent business agent of the Winnipeg Trades Council. He was initially a member of the Socialist Party of Canada, but broke away from the SPC in 1911 to help form the Social Democratic Party. Along with Jacob Penner and Herman Saltzman, he co-authored the SDP's first manifesto. By 1917 he had a wife and five children. Rigg campaigned for the House of Commons of Canada in the 1911 federal election, but finished third in the riding of Winnipeg against Conservative Alexander Haggart. In 1913, Rigg was elected to the Winnipeg City Council for Ward Five in the city's north end. He received considerable support from the city's Jewish community, and in his victory speech pledged to support religious, national and political equality for all members of Canada's working class. Rigg's victory began a tradition of social-democratic representation in Winnipeg's council which has continued to the present day. Rigg was elected to the Manitoba legislature in the provincial election of 1915, defeating Liberal candidate Solomon Hart Green by 231 votes in the Winnipeg North "B" constituency. Nominated as an SDP candidate, Rigg also received support from the more centrist Labour Representation Committee. During the 1915 campaign, Rigg and fellow SDP candidate Arthur Beech emphasized both general reforms and the broader working-class struggle. Their meetings were often disrupted by members of the more hardline Socialist Party, who accused Rigg and Beech of being "sentimentalists and Christ-lovers". The Socialists did not field candidates against them, however, and could not prevent Rigg's victory. Rigg's success was credited, in part, to a strong support base among ethnic communities in Winnipeg's north end. In the legislature, Rigg pressed for improvements to Manitoba's Factories Act, and unsuccessfully attempted to raise the minimum age of factory labour. Rigg was generally supportive of the provincial Liberal government of Tobias Norris, claiming that the Norris administration did more for labour in its first six months than the previous Conservative administration of Rodmond Roblin had done in fifteen years. Rigg resigned from the legislature in 1917 to campaign for the Canadian House of Commons a second time. The SDP had initially nominated John Queen as its candidate in Winnipeg North, but the city's centrist labourites declared that Queen could not win and nominated Rigg in his place. Rigg's nomination was subsequently confirmed by special convention of Winnipeg's working-class organizations. He also received the endorsement of the "Laurier Liberals", who declined to offer a candidate of their own. Rigg's campaign was based primarily on opposition to Prime Minister Robert Borden's policy of conscripting men for military service in World War I. He made the following statement during the campaign: "I regard human life as the supremely sacred thing and believe that if the state had adopted the policy of the conscription of money, industry and natural resources, there would be absolutely no necessity for the passing and enforcing of any scheme to conscript men". He called for a referendum on the conscription issue, and also advocated the nationalization of industry. Government supporters responded by accusing Rigg's supporters of disloyalty. He was defeated, losing to government candidate Matthew Robert Blake by a margin of 9,656 votes to 3,472. Many working-class voters in Winnipeg were unwilling to oppose Borden's government in wartime. Rigg himself joined the Canadian Army in 1917 and served overseas. In 1919, he drafted a motion supporting the Winnipeg General Strike that was approved by the Great War Veterans' Association. He served as Superintendent of Employment Offices for Western Canada from 1919 to 1922, and as Director of the Employment Service of the Department of Labour in 1922. He retired in 1940.

text:
# Richard Rigg (Canadian politician)

**Richard Arthur Rigg** (January 5, 1872  August 1, 1964) was a Methodist minister and politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1915 to 1917, and is notable as the first member of the Social Democratic Party to serve in that body.

Rigg was born in Todmorden, Lancashire, England, and came to Canada in 1903. He was a bookbinder as well as a Methodist minister, and served as a first permanent business agent of the Winnipeg Trades Council. He was initially a member of the Socialist Party of Canada, but broke away from the SPC in 1911 to help form the Social Democratic Party. Along with Jacob Penner and Herman Saltzman, he co-authored the SDP's first manifesto.

By 1917 he had a wife and five children.

Rigg campaigned for the House of Commons of Canada in the 1911 federal election, but finished third in the riding of Winnipeg against Conservative Alexander Haggart.

In 1913, Rigg was elected to the Winnipeg City Council for Ward Five in the city's north end. He received considerable support from the city's Jewish community, and in his victory speech pledged to support religious, national and political equality for all members of Canada's working class. Rigg's victory began a tradition of social-democratic representation in Winnipeg's council which has continued to the present day.

Rigg was elected to the Manitoba legislature in the provincial election of 1915, defeating Liberal candidate Solomon Hart Green by 231 votes in the Winnipeg North "B" constituency. Nominated as an SDP candidate, Rigg also received support from the more centrist Labour Representation Committee.

During the 1915 campaign, Rigg and fellow SDP candidate Arthur Beech emphasized both general reforms and the broader working-class struggle. Their meetings were often disrupted by members of the more hardline Socialist Party, who accused Rigg and Beech of being "sentimentalists and Christ-lovers". The Socialists did not field candidates against them, however, and could not prevent Rigg's victory. Rigg's success was credited, in part, to a strong support base among ethnic communities in Winnipeg's north end.

In the legislature, Rigg pressed for improvements to Manitoba's Factories Act, and unsuccessfully attempted to raise the minimum age of factory labour. Rigg was generally supportive of the provincial Liberal government of Tobias Norris, claiming that the Norris administration did more for labour in its first six months than the previous Conservative administration of Rodmond Roblin had done in fifteen years.

Rigg resigned from the legislature in 1917 to campaign for the Canadian House of Commons a second time. The SDP had initially nominated John Queen as its candidate in Winnipeg North, but the city's centrist labourites declared that Queen could not win and nominated Rigg in his place. Rigg's nomination was subsequently confirmed by special convention of Winnipeg's working-class organizations. He also received the endorsement of the "Laurier Liberals", who declined to offer a candidate of their own.

Rigg's campaign was based primarily on opposition to Prime Minister Robert Borden's policy of conscripting men for military service in World War I. He made the following statement during the campaign: "I regard human life as the supremely sacred thing and believe that if the state had adopted the policy of the conscription of money, industry and natural resources, there would be absolutely no necessity for the passing and enforcing of any scheme to conscript men".

He called for a referendum on the conscription issue, and also advocated the nationalization of industry. Government supporters responded by accusing Rigg's supporters of disloyalty. He was defeated, losing to government candidate Matthew Robert Blake by a margin of 9,656 votes to 3,472. Many working-class voters in Winnipeg were unwilling to oppose Borden's government in wartime.

Rigg himself joined the Canadian Army in 1917 and served overseas. In 1919, he drafted a motion supporting the Winnipeg General Strike that was approved by the Great War Veterans' Association. He served as Superintendent of Employment Offices for Western Canada from 1919 to 1922, and as Director of the Employment Service of the Department of Labour in 1922. He retired in 1940.


title: John Albert Raven

abstract: John Albert Raven FRS FRSE was a British botanist who was emeritus professor at University of Dundee and the University of Technology Sydney. His primary research interests were in the ecophysiology and biochemistry of marine and terrestrial primary producers such as plants and algae.

text:
# John Albert Raven

**John Albert Raven** FRS FRSE (25 June 1941 – 23 May 2024) was a British botanist who was emeritus professor at University of Dundee and the University of Technology Sydney. His primary research interests were in the ecophysiology and biochemistry of marine and terrestrial primary producers such as plants and algae.

## Early life and education

Raven was born on 25 June 1941, and brought up on a farm in northwest Essex and educated at the Friends' School, Saffron Walden and St John's College, Cambridge, receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree in Botany in 1963. He remained at Cambridge to complete a PhD in Botany (plant biophysics) in 1967, under the supervision of Enid MacRobbie, and specialising in the membrane transport processes and bioenergetics of giant-celled algae.

## Career

After a period as a lecturer at Cambridge, Raven moved to the University of Dundee in 1971, and he remained at Dundee until his formal retirement in 2008. He was appointed there to a personal chair in 1980, and was the John Boyd Baxter Professor of Biology from 1995 until 2008. In 1978, Raven was a co-founding editor of the influential peer reviewed scientific journal *Plant, Cell & Environment* with Paul Jarvis, David Jennings, Harry Smith and Bob Campbell.

## Research

Raven's research investigated algal life forms in the upper levels of the ocean, which underpin marine ecosystems and recycle carbon. He has explored how carbon dioxide, light and trace minerals interact to limit primary productivity in algae. Raven had research interests that range from organism-level bioenegetics, biochemistry and ecophysiology, through to wider-scale biogeochemistry, palaeoecology and even astrobiology. He published more than 300 refereed research papers, over 50 book chapters, the book *Energetics and Transport in Aquatic Plants* (1984), and, together with Paul Falkowski, the influential textbook *Aquatic Photosynthesis* (1997, 2007). In 2005, Raven led a Royal Society review of the state and implications of ongoing ocean acidification. As of 2016, Raven was active in both research and teaching, despite officially retiring in 2008 when he warned:

> Life has survived many rapid and large amplitude environmental changes over billions of years, but we should not be complacent about the biological effects of current anthropogenic influences on the environment. At the most selfish level, we depend on the continued provision of 'ecosystem services' for our quality of life.

## Death

Raven died at Ninewells Hospital in Dundee on 23 May 2024, at the age of 82.

## Awards and honours

Raven was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE) in 1981.

He was elected President of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh for 1986–88.

Raven was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1990, for which his certificate of election reads:

> Raven has made important theoretical and experimental contributions at the plant cell and whole plant levels. His work on H+ transport has helped to produce an integrated view of pH regulation in plants and on the transport of weak electrolytes such as plant growth substances and certain nutrients into plants. He has carried out important work on chemiosmotic mechanisms. His work on photosynthesis and respiration has provided quantitative clarification of the role of dark respiration in plants. He has also provided important information on the suppression of photorespiration by HCO₃ transport in aquatic plants and on the possible phylogeny of vascular land plants.

He was also a recipient of the Award of Excellence from Phycological Society of America in 2002 and made an Honorary Life Member of the British Phycological Society in 2006.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| John Raven | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | John Albert Raven
(1941-06-25)25 June 1941 |
| Died | 23 May 2024(2024-05-23) (aged 82)
Dundee, Scotland |
| Nationality | British |
| Alma mater | University of Cambridge (BA, MA, PhD) |
| Awards |  |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields |  |
| Institutions |  |
|  | |
| Website |  |


title: Mark McLean

abstract: Mark McLean is a Canadian musician, drummer, composer, lyricist and studio musician. McLean lives and works primarily in New York. He has released three albums under his own name. The first showcases his arrangements of jazz standards while his later albums are original material. His very early influence was his father's record collection, which included every genre: from Johann Sebastian Bach to James Brown. McLean is becoming known as the "drum whisperer" in part because he can coax organic sounds out of any drum kit. McLean is musically multilingual: jazz, rhythm and blues, funk, pop or any genre required for the song. McLean's great uncle, Cy McLean was one of the first black band leaders in Canada. His brother Lester McLean is an accomplished saxophonist and vocalist in the Toronto jazz and RnB scene. McLean began his career at age nine as a gifted classical pianist, but by age 14 had started a second career playing the drums. By the time he was 18, the drums eclipsed the piano as McLean's voice for musical expression and the age of 22 he was playing with fellow Canadian and jazz icon, Oscar Peterson. McLean graduated with honors from The University of Toronto with a bachelor's in performance in jazz. In his third year faculty member Don Thompson invited him to play on the first of the more than 70 recordings on which McLean appears. He was also named "Post-secondary Musician of the Year" by the Jazz Report Magazine in 1998. That summer McLean taught at Canada's Interprovincial Music Camp (jazz). He was also the jazz director at Sir John A. Macdonald Collegiate Institute while taking his undergraduate degree. McLean's recording and touring highlights include George Michael, Gladys Knight, Joe Sample, Jamie Cullum, Andy Bey, Molly Johnson, Peter Cincotti, Andrea Bocelli, Serena Ryder, Catherine Russell, Jane Bunnett, Billy Joel, Dionne Warwick and Michael Kaeshammer. McLean has two movie appearances: Drummer in Peter Cincotti band in Spider-Man 2 (uncredited) and Peter Cincotti: Live in New York (credited). McLean is endorsed by Regal Tip Mallets and Brushes, Zildjian Sticks and Cymbals, Remo drum heads and Yamaha Drums.

text:
# Mark McLean

**Mark McLean** (born February 5, 1975) is a Canadian musician, drummer, composer, lyricist and studio musician. McLean lives and works primarily in New York. He has released three albums under his own name. The first showcases his arrangements of jazz standards while his later albums are original material (except one song). His very early influence was his father's record collection, which included every genre: from Johann Sebastian Bach to James Brown. McLean is becoming known as the "drum whisperer" in part because he can coax organic sounds out of any drum kit. McLean is musically multilingual: jazz, rhythm and blues, funk, pop or any genre required for the song.

McLean's great uncle, Cy McLean was one of the first black band leaders in Canada. His brother Lester McLean is an accomplished saxophonist and vocalist in the Toronto jazz and RnB scene.

McLean began his career at age nine as a gifted classical pianist, but by age 14 had started a second career playing the drums. By the time he was 18, the drums eclipsed the piano as McLean's voice for musical expression and the age of 22 he was playing with fellow Canadian and jazz icon, Oscar Peterson.

McLean graduated with honors from The University of Toronto with a bachelor's in performance in jazz. In his third year faculty member Don Thompson invited him to play on the first of the more than 70 recordings on which McLean appears. He was also named "Post-secondary Musician of the Year" by the Jazz Report Magazine in 1998. That summer McLean taught at Canada's Interprovincial Music Camp (jazz). He was also the jazz director at Sir John A. Macdonald Collegiate Institute while taking his undergraduate degree.

McLean's recording and touring highlights include George Michael, Gladys Knight, Joe Sample, Jamie Cullum, Andy Bey, Molly Johnson, Peter Cincotti, Andrea Bocelli, Serena Ryder, Catherine Russell, Jane Bunnett, Billy Joel, Dionne Warwick and Michael Kaeshammer.

McLean has two movie appearances: Drummer in Peter Cincotti band in *Spider-Man 2* (uncredited) and *Peter Cincotti: Live in New York* (credited).

McLean is endorsed by Regal Tip Mallets and Brushes, Zildjian Sticks and Cymbals, Remo drum heads and Yamaha Drums.

## New York

McLean moved to New York City in 1999 following receipt of a grant awarded him by the Canada Council for the Arts. Initially, McLean wanted to study with his idol, world-renowned drummer, Brian Blade. Although he did not teach, Blade mentored McLean by allowing him to observe his performances. He even helped him shop for a drum kit and as luck would have it, they walked into Drummer's World on 46th street in Manhattan and met jazz drummer, archivist and radio personality, Kenny Washington. Blade said to McLean "this is who you should study with." McLean studied with Kenny Washington for a year followed by an additional year with drummer Billy Kilson. After that McLean decided to stay for future opportunities in New York. Singer and pianist Andy Bey was the first to call, then Dewey Redman.

## Work with other artists

McLean has worked with many of jazz masters and pop icons, including Wynton Marsalis, Michael Feinstein, Billy Joel, Quincy Jones, Gladys Knight, Diana Krall, Glen Campbell, Carla Cook, Linda Eder, Jimmy Webb, Vanessa Williams, Patti Austin, the Backstreet Boys and producer Phil Ramone. He also served as arranger on Molly Johnson's 2009 Juno-award-winning album Lucky, and was co-arranger on Sophie Milman's 2009 release *Take Love Easy*, while continuing to tour and record as a member of George Michael's band.

Producer Phil Ramone following a recording session with Billy Joel remarked: "Mark McLean is a tasty, sure handed drummer, a song man’s musician." Andy Bey described McLean as "an intelligent, immensely talented young musician with a curious mind and a listening ear."

## Albums

| Year | Album | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2017 | *It Feels Alright* | Selections from Feel Alright re-imagined by artists and DJ's |
| 2013 | *Feel Alright* | All tunes written by Mark McLean, eclectic album featuring 7 vocalists |
| 2010 | *Playground* | All compositions written by Mark Mclean (except one) |
| 2008 | *Dinner Party – Piano Jazz* | Jazz Standards |

## Reviews and awards

| Year | Type | Event |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2012 | Feature | Feature: Mark McLean & Lea Mullen | *Rhythm* magazine, written by Rich Chamberlain |
| 2012 | Review | Toronto Jazz Festival | *Globe & Mail* |
| 2010 | Feature | *Drums Etc* magazine | T. Bruce Wittet |
| 2009 | Award | Juno Award for Jazz Album of the Year | *Luck* – Molly Johnson |
| 2008 | Review | National Arts Centre, Ottawa | *All About Jazz* |
| 2006 | Review | Toronto International Dance Festival | *Live Music Report* |
| 2005 | Nomination | Grammy, Best Jazz Vocal Album | *American Song*, Andy Bey |
| 2005 | Review | The Sound of a Really Different Drummer | Mark Miller |
| 2003 | Award | Socan Awards | Another Day, Molly Johnson, Mark McLean |
| 2003 | Nomination | Traditional Jazz Album | Juno Awards of 2003 |

## Session work

| Year | Artist | Album |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2016 | Catherine Russell | Harlem on My Mind |
| 2016 | Leslie Odom Jr. | Simply Christmas |
| 2015 | Morgan James | Holiday Singles |
| 2015 | Jann Arden | A Jann Arden Christmas |
| 2015 | Melissa Errico | What About Today? – Live at 54 Below |
| 2015 | Tia Brazda | Bandshell |
| 2014 | Morgan James | Hunter |
| 2014 | Rotem Sivan Trio | For Emotional Use Only |
| 2014 | Laura Cole | Dirty Cheat |
| 2014 | George Michael | Symphonica |
| 2014 | Catherine Russell | Bring It Back |
| 2013 | Carline Ray | Vocal Sides |
| 2013 | Michael Kaeshammer | With You in Mind |
| 2013 | Carline Ray | Vocal Sides |
| 2012 | Dionne Warwick | Now: A Celebratory 50th Anniversary Album |
| 2012 | Catherine Russell | Strictly Romancin' |
| 2011 | Molly Johnson | The Molly Johnson Songbook |
| 2011 | Michael Kaeshammer | Kaeshammer |
| 2011 | Lester McLean | 4-3-2-1 |
| 2010 | Kelly Jefferson | Next Exit |
| 2010 | David Goldman | Light in the Tunnel |
| 2010 | Shannon Butcher | Little Hearts |
| 2010 | Marian Petrescu | Thrivin' – Live at The Jazz Standard |
| 2010 | Lester McLean | Just a Taste |
| 2010 | Andy Creegan | Andiwork III |
| 2009 | The Count Basie Orchestra | Swinging, Swinging, Playing |
| 2009 | Michael Kaeshammer | Lovelight |
| 2009 | Hilary Kole | Haunted Heart |
| 2009 | Sophie Millman | Take Love Easy |
| 2009 | Jamie Cullum | The Pursuit |
| 2008 | Chantal Chamberland | The Other Woman |
| 2008 | Lamont Jeffreys | Christmas Dinner |
| 2008 | Funky People | Feel the Funk |
| 2008 | Shannon Butcher | The Words We Both Could Say |
| 2008 | Molly Johnson | Lucky |
| 2008 | Pete Coulman Band | TV Tunes |
| 2008 | Billy Stritch | Billy Stritch Sings Mel Torme |
| 2008 | DK Ibomeka | I'm Your Man |
| 2007 | Andrew Craig | The Gospel Christmas Project |
| 2007 | Billy Joel | All My Life |
| 2007 | Autorickshaw | So the Journey Goes |
| 2007 | Howard Fishman | Bob Dylan & The Band's "Basement Tapes", Live at Joe's Pub |
| 2006 | Molly Johnson | Messin' Around |
| 2006 | Serena Ryder | If Your Memory Serves You Well |
| 2006 | Gladys Knight | Before Me |
| 2006 | Susan Cagle | The Subway Recordings |
| 2005 | Lester McLean Trio | Best Foot Forward |
| 2005 | Kelly Jefferson Quartet | Spark |
| 2005 | Linda Eder | By Myself |
| 2005 | Mike Evan | I'll Bring the Stereo |
| 2004 | Andy Creegan | Andiwork II |
| 2004 | Andy Bey | American Song |
| 2004 | Anne Mette Iversen | Pá den anden side/On the Other Side |
| 2004 | Jane Bunnett | Red Dragonfly |
| 2004 | Peter Cincotti | On the Moon |
| 2004 | Various Artists | Voices of Concord Jazz |
| 2003 | Peter Cincotti | My Favorite Time of Year |
| 2003 | Syreeta Neal | Stand Tall |
| 2002 | Howard Fishman Quartet | Do What I Want |
| 2002 | Jane Bunnett | Spirituals and Dedications |
| 2002 | Molly Johnson | Another Day |
| 2002 | The Colour of Soul | 100% Concentrate |
| 2002 | Wade O. Brown | Complete |
| 2001 | Kalabash | Kalabash |
| 2001 | Molly Johnson | Molly Johnson |
| 2000 | Shannon Brooks | A Taste of Life |
| 2000 | Tracey Wilkins | I Wish I Knew |
| 2000 | Wade O. Brown | Solid Soul |
| 1999 | Benjamin Davill | Benjamin Davill's Wild West Show |
| 1999 | Janice Freedman | Triptych |
| 1999 | The Colour of Soul | Texatronic |
| 1998 | Divine Earth Essence | Groove Essentials V.2 |
| 1998 | Mantini Sisters | Moments to Remember |
| 1998 | Paul Tobey | Wayward |
| 1998 | The Colour of Soul | Live@525 |
| 1997 | Andy Creegan | Andiwork |
| 1997 | Dawn Sierra | A Little Rain Must Fall |
| 1997 | Don Thompson | Banff Jazz All Stars |
| 1997 | Tara MacLean | If You See Me |

## InfoBox

| Mark McLean | |
| --- | --- |
| McLean in September 2015 | |
| Background information | |
| Born | (1975-02-05) February 5, 1975<br>North York, Ontario, Canada |
| Origin | New York City |
| Genres | Jazz, contemporary, blues |
| Occupation(s) | Musician, songwriter, lyricist, producer |
| Instrument(s) | Drums, piano |
| Years active | 1997–present |
| Labels | none |
|  | |
| Website | markmclean.com |


title: Mizpah Tertullien

abstract: Mizpah Tertullien was a psychologist and senator of the Bahamas. Tertullien grew up on Ragged Island and graduated from the state high school. She ran as the Progressive Liberal Party in 1972 (losing to Sir Roland Symonette. She subsequently served as a senator for ten years. She died on 29 May 2015, receiving a state funeral at St. Francis Xavier Cathedral, West Hill. The Prime Minister Perry Christie said she "contributed significantly to the development of the modern Bahamas in a variety of spheres", praising her political activism and career in law and media.

text:
# Mizpah Tertullien

**Mizpah Tertullien** (1930 - 2015) was a psychologist and senator of the Bahamas.

Tertullien grew up on Ragged Island and graduated from the state high school. She ran as the Progressive Liberal Party in 1972 (losing to Sir Roland Symonette. She subsequently served as a senator for ten years.

She died on 29 May 2015, receiving a state funeral at St. Francis Xavier Cathedral, West Hill. The Prime Minister Perry Christie said she "contributed significantly to the development of the modern Bahamas in a variety of spheres", praising her political activism and career in law and media.

## Works

* "Psychologically speaking: attitudes and cultural patterns in the Bahamas"
* "Old Stories and Riddles (Bahamiana culturama)."

## InfoBox

| Mizpah Tertullien | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 3rd female and former senator of the Bahamas | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1930
Ragged Island |
| Died | (2015-05-29)May 29, 2015
Blue Hill Estates |
| Political party | Progressive Liberal Party (PLP) |
| Spouse | Egbert |
| Children | Adopted Daughter: Alice Tertullien |
|  | |


title: Wink murder

abstract: Wink murder is a party game or parlour game in which a secretly selected player is able to "kill" others by winking at them, while the surviving players try to identify the killer. The game is also variously known as murder wink, killer, murder in the dark, lonely ghost and killer killer. The practical minimum number of players is four, but the spirit of the game is best captured by groups of at least six players or more. The game may be played with all players seated in a circle, or wandering around many rooms at a social event.

text:
# Wink murder

**Wink murder** is a party game or parlour game in which a secretly selected player is able to "kill" others by winking at them, while the surviving players try to identify the killer. The game is also variously known as **murder wink**, **killer**, **murder in the dark**, **lonely ghost** and **killer killer**. The practical minimum number of players is four, but the spirit of the game is best captured by groups of at least six players or more.

The game may be played with all players seated in a circle, or wandering around many rooms at a social event.

## Gameplay

In each round of play, one player is secretly assigned the role of "murderer", and one is assigned detective. The detective is sent to leave, and the murderer is chosen and everyone except the detective knows who the murderer is. The players stand in a circle and the detective is called in. The detective stands in the circle and slowly spins, and if someone dies the detective has to guess the murderer. The detective gets 3 chances, and if the detective guesses wrong, the innocent person dies.

The objective of the murderer is to murder as many people as possible without being caught.

## Detective

In one variant of the game, sometimes played by children as a class activity in elementary school, another player, unaware of the murderer's identity, is assigned the role of "detective". All other players sit in a circle around the detective, whose objective is to correctly identify and accuse the murderer, minimizing the number of murder victims. A limit is often imposed upon the number of accusations the detective can make. In this version of the game, players other than the murderer and detective do not know the murderer's identity, and have no role to play in the game other than to die noticeably if winked at.

## Murder

Harpo Marx in his book *Harpo Speaks* described a version of this game at the home of Alexander Woollcott, called "Murder". Lots are drawn to choose a District Attorney, then drawn a second time to choose (known only to him- or herself) a Murderer. The D.A. leaves the house and the social evening proceeds as normal. As soon as the Murderer is alone with someone, he says to that person "You are dead". The victim must immediately feign death until discovered, then the D.A. is summoned and questions the suspects (everyone) as to where they were, what they were doing, and with whom. The D.A. then uses deductive reasoning to solve the case. Marx said he played the Murderer once, and wrote the deadly phrase on a piece of toilet paper. His victim, Alice Duer Miller, pulled it down and properly "died" on the toilet, but grade-school dropout Marx was immediately identified when she was found; he had written "You are ded".

## Variations

The "Deadly Handshake" variation has players walking around and routinely shaking hands as though greeting one another at a party, and the murderer kills by using a special handshake, such as tickling the victim's palm. It is recommended that victims do not "die" immediately, but take a few steps or shake hands with one or two other people before doing so.

In "Lonely Ghost", a player may challenge the murderer (the "Lonely Ghost") by approaching them and asking them directly. In another variant of the basic game, a player may simply point to their suspect and call out their accusation. If the accuser is correct, they win the game, otherwise they are eliminated. In some variants, a wrongly accused player is also eliminated.

"Cops and Robbers" is a drinking game variation of Wink murder. It uses the Ace and King to identify the "Cop" and the "Robber." How a cop or a robber relates is not known. The game starts by using the same number of playing cards as players, including one Ace and one King. The rest of the cards are usually number cards which represent the number of seconds to drink. Play begins by shuffling the cards and laying them all face down. Each player grabs a card and keeps it to themselves. The player with the Ace is the player who winks to one other player. The player who got winked then says something like "The deal has been made." Usually this player waits a few seconds before making that statement. Once "the deal has been made" the player with the King turns over their card and begins the "interrogation." This player tries to guess who did the winking. As they choose a player, they turn over their card and if they did not have the Ace, the other player drinks the number on the card. If they correctly chose the player with the Ace, that player must finish their beverage. If the player with the Ace winks at the player with the King, an immediate "social" is called and everyone drinks. Because no one knows who will choose the Ace or King, all players are involved in either winking or looking for a wink. This can also be played with other drinking games like "drink, drank or drunk" to expedite the festivities.

The "Slit Throat" variation has players walking around in the Dark, wandering the halls and rooms of a building. Identities are given out at the beginning with Ace of Spades as Murderer (depending on number of players, there can be multiple Murderers), Kings are Detectives (at least double the number of Murderers), all other cards are towns people (Town Mob). As people wander the halls, the Murderer kills people in the Dark by slitting their throat with a finger (or tapping them on the shoulder) and tells them where to lay down and die, the Murderer then walks away from the victim as they proceed to lie down. The Murderer may steal the Identity Card of the victims. All dead people must remain silent and can only answer YES if asked if they are dead. When somebody discovers a dead person they quickly move to turn on the nearest light and yell "Murder in the Dark". Then everybody comes to the room for a town meeting, including all people killed that round. A Detective may reveal themselves to lead the meeting by showing off their badge (King Identity Card). During the meeting the townspeople tell the Detective what they saw and who they suspect. The Detective may then decide to accuse a player of being the Murderer or close the meeting and continue the game if they are not ready to do so. If a Detective accuses wrongly, they are killed by the town mob and the next round begins. The town mob may also accuse by majority vote, but kill the accused when innocent. After a wrong accusation the game automatically goes on to the next round. The lights are turned off and people resume wandering through the building. During the town meetings the Murderer may lie as much as they want to fool the Detective and/or Town Mob. Only when properly accused the Murderer must admit to guilt and the game is over and they lose. If the Murderer successfully kills off everybody, they turn on the light and declare themselves the winner and the game is over.

## InfoBox

Wink murder
| Players | 4 or more |
| --- | --- |
| Setup time | less than 5 minutes |
| Playing time | Approx. 2–20 mins per round |
| Chance | Low |
| Skills | Stealth, bluffing, creativity |


title: Paul del Rio

abstract: Paul del Río Canales was a Venezuelan sculptor, painter and revolutionary. Paul del Rio combined modernism, cubism and surrealism to create enigmatic paintings that are usually a social commentary on the harshness of modern urban life for ordinary people, and their longing for a different life. Originally from Spain, his parents were exiled to France after the fall of the republic and then immigrated to Havana, Cuba where he was born. His family moved once more to Caracas, the capital of Venezuela his second year.

text:
# Paul del Rio

**Paul del Río Canales** (1943 – April 5, 2015) was a Venezuelan sculptor, painter and revolutionary. Paul del Rio combined modernism, cubism and surrealism to create enigmatic paintings that are usually a social commentary on the harshness of modern urban life for ordinary people, and their longing for a different life. Originally from Spain, his parents were exiled to France after the fall of the republic and then immigrated to Havana, Cuba where he was born. His family moved once more to Caracas, the capital of Venezuela his second year.

## Guerrilla

It was not as an artist but as a MIR (Spanish: *Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria*) guerrilla that del Rio first came to public notice under the pseudonym Máximo Canales. In 1963 at the age of 19, as leader of a Venezuelan guerrilla group the Armed Forces of National Liberation (in Spanish: Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional, FALN), along with Wisman Medina and Jose Romulo Nino they seized the Venezuelan cargo ship *Anzoátegui* (2/13/1963). The ship evaded both the U.S. Navy and Royal Navy for eleven days before docking safely at Belém coast of Brazil.

Six months later, del Rio kidnapped Argentine football player star Alfredo Di Stefano at gunpoint from the Potomac Hotel in Caracas while his team, Real Madrid, were on a pre-season tour of South America (8/24/1963). The kidnapping was codenamed "Julian Grimau", after the Spanish communist Julián Grimau García was executed by firing squad in Spain that April during Francisco Franco's dictatorship. Di Stefano was released unharmed two days later close to the Spanish embassy, without a ransom being paid. The FALN had intended to use the kidnapping to bring international attention on the repressive government of Romulo Betancourt. Di Stefano played in a match against São Paulo F.C. the day after and received a standing ovation in the Olympic Stadium.

A Spanish movie entitled "Real, La Película" ("Real, The Movie") which recounted these events was released on August 25, 2005. In a bizarre publicity stunt at the premiere, del Rio and Di Stefano were brought together for the first time in the 42 years since the abduction.

## Artist

In 1966, del Rio began to make political cartoons under the pseudonym "URBA", and gradually began to find alternate means of expressing his political views through art. In 1975, he recovered his Venezuelan nationality which had been stripped from his entire family by President Rómulo Betancourt (administration 1959–1964). The gallery *Viva Mexico* of Caracas was the first gallery to successfully exhibit his work.

From 1974 to 1993, del Rio exhibited his work in several exhibitions in Spain, Mexico, Finland, Japan, Romania, Colombia, Germany, Canada and Austria. During this period, in 1979 he joined the Sandinista movement in Nicaragua.

In 2000, del Rio designed his bronze sculpture "*Mano Mineral*" ("*Mineral Hand*") for the Orden Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonso (Order of Juan Pablo Perez Alfonso), the Venezuelan award of state given to those who contribute to works related to mining, petroleum and energy. The Venezuelan Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonso as minister of mines and hydrocarbons for president Romulo Betancourt was the founder of OPEC, an idea he conceived while exiled in the United States during his review of the Texas Railroad Commission. "*Mano Mineral*" can be seen outside the OPEC building in Vienna, donated by the Government of Venezuela to the City of Vienna in 2003. The sculpture symbolizes the oil coming from Venezuela. At 2.20 metres high, it is a casting of the emblem of the Second Summit of Heads of State and Government of OPEC Member Countries, which Venezuela hosted in Caracas on September 27–28, 2000. A copy was also unveiled in May 2003 as a monument in Caracas, named "Monumento a La Paz" ("Monument for Peace") near the PDVSA main offices.


title: Minuscule 932

abstract: Minuscule 932, ε 1362, is a 13th-century Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on parchment. It has marginalia and was prepared for liturgical use. The manuscript has survived in complete condition.

text:
# Minuscule 932

**Minuscule 932** (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 1362 (von Soden), is a 13th-century Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on parchment. It has marginalia and was prepared for liturgical use. The manuscript has survived in complete condition.

## Description

The codex contains the text of the four Gospels, on 240 parchment leaves (size 19.0 cm by 12.7 cm). The text is written in one column per page, 27 lines per page. The leaves are arranged on octavo. It contains pictures, the initials are written in colour. It contains lectionary markings on the margin for liturgical use.

## Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine. Hermann von Soden classified it to the textual family Kκ. Kurt Aland did not place it in any Category. According to the Claremont Profile Method it belongs to the textual family Kr in Luke 1 and Luke 20. In Luke 10 no profile was made It creates textual cluster with minuscule 1323.

## History

The manuscript was dated by Gregory to the 13th century. Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 14th century. The codex 932 was seen by Gregory at the Dionysiou monastery (24), in Mount Athos. Currently the manuscript is housed at the Dionysiou monastery (137 (24)) in Athos.

The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by C. R. Gregory (932e). It was not on Scrivener's list, but it was added to his list by Edward Miller in the 4th edition of A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament.

It is not cited in critical editions of the Greek New Testament (UBS4, NA28).

## Further reading

* "Liste Handschriften". Münster: Institute for New Testament Textual Research. Retrieved 3 September 2014.

## InfoBox

Minuscule **932**
| **New Testament manuscript** | |
| --- | --- |
| Text | Gospels |
| Date | 14th century |
| Script | Greek |
| Now at | Dionysiou monastery |
| Size | 19.0 cm by 12.7 cm |
| Type | Byzantine |
| Category | none |
| Note | marginalia |


title: Rimington's Guides

abstract: Rimington's Guides were a unit of light horse in the British Army active in the Second Boer War.

text:
# Rimington's Guides

**Rimington's Guides** (also known as **Rimington's Tigers** or **Rimington's Corps of Guides** and then later as **Damant's Horse**) were a unit of light horse in the British Army active in the Second Boer War.

## Background

They were led by Major M. F. (Mike) Rimington, later Brevet Colonel Rimington CB. He also led a column in the later stages of the war. It was formed in the Cape Colony in 1899 with 150 men. The Rimington's Guides also had the name **Rimington's Tigers** due to the leopard skin hatbands worn on their slouch hats. Rimington gave his Corps of Guides the nickname "catch-'em-alive-o's while other forces gave him the nickname "The Night Cats" because of their night marches and stealth like movement. Rimington left the Guides in January 1901. The force was reorganised as **Damant's Horse** under Major Frederic Damant, Rimington's second-in-command, though they were often known by his name through the remainder of the war.

## Composition

The unit was recruited from English speaking South Africans. Every man in Rimington's Corps of Guides was obliged to speak Afrikaans and at least one of the indigenous African languages, with many speaking both. They were armed with carbines and pistols, riding light ahead of the main army.

## Notable Unit Members

## InfoBox

| Rimington's Guides | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | British Army |
| Commanders | |
| Major (later Brevet Colonel) | Michael Rimington |
| Major | Frederick Damant |


title: Richard Riendeau

abstract: Richard P. Riendeau was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York from 1963 to 1972. After serving as the coach of the semi-professional Albany Metro Mallers of the Seaboard Football League, he returned to the college ranks as the head football coach at Oberlin College in Oberlin, Ohio from 1975 to 1978.

text:
# Richard Riendeau

**Richard P. Riendeau** (September 22, 1932 – September 20, 2015) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York from 1963 to 1972. After serving as the coach of the semi-professional Albany Metro Mallers of the Seaboard Football League, he returned to the college ranks as the head football coach at Oberlin College in Oberlin, Ohio from 1975 to 1978.

## InfoBox

Richard Riendeau
| Biographical details | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1932-09-22)September 22, 1932
Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Died | September 20, 2015(2015-09-20) (aged 82)
East Greenbush, New York, U.S. |
| Playing career | |
| 1950–1953 | Springfield (MA) |
|  | |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| 1958–1962 | St Lawrence (freshmen) |
| 1963–1972 | RPI |
| 1973 | Albany Metro Mallers |
| 1975–1978 | Oberlin |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 24–73–2 (college) |
|  | |


title: John Causby

abstract: John Causby was an Australian cricketer. He played 63 first-class matches for South Australia between 1960 and 1974, and played in its Sheffield Shield victories in 1968/69 and 1970/71. He also played in 2 premierships for Woodville District Cricket Club in 1965/66 & 1977/78.

text:
# John Causby

**John Causby** (27 October 1942  8 June 2019) was an Australian cricketer. He played 63 first-class matches for South Australia between 1960 and 1974, and played in its Sheffield Shield victories in 1968/69 and 1970/71. He also played in 2 premierships for Woodville District Cricket Club in 1965/66 & 1977/78.

## InfoBox

John Causby
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | John Phillip Causby |
| Born | (1942-10-27)27 October 1942<br>Hindmarsh, South Australia, Australia |
| Died | 8 June 2019(2019-06-08) (aged 76) |
| Batting | Right-hand bat |
| Role | Batsman |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1960/611973/74 | South Australia |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class List A  Matches 63 7  Runs scored 3067 129  Batting average 28.93 21.50  100s/50s 3/14 /  Top score 137 28  Balls bowled    Wickets    Bowling average    5 wickets in innings    10 wickets in match    Best bowling    Catches/stumpings 25/ 1/ | |
|  | |
| Source: , 10 July 2019 | |


title: Zhao Lijian

abstract: Zhao Lijian is a Chinese civil servant who has been serving as deputy director of the Department of Boundary and Ocean Affairs at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China since January 2023. He joined the foreign service in 1996. Zhao became notable for his outspoken use of Twitter when he served as an envoy-level attaché at the Embassy of China in Pakistan from 2015 to 2019. From 2019 and 2023, he served as deputy director of the Information Department at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the 31st spokesperson of the Ministry. He has been described as a prominent wolf warrior diplomat during his tenure. In January 2023, Zhao was removed from the office as one of the ministry's spokespeople and was appointed as deputy director of the Department of Boundary and Ocean Affairs at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

text:
# Zhao Lijian

**Zhao Lijian** (Chinese: 赵立坚; pinyin: *Zhào Lìjiān*; born 10 November 1972) is a Chinese civil servant who has been serving as deputy director of the Department of Boundary and Ocean Affairs at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China since January 2023.

He joined the foreign service in 1996. Zhao became notable for his outspoken use of Twitter when he served as an envoy-level attaché at the Embassy of China in Pakistan from 2015 to 2019. From 2019 and 2023, he served as deputy director of the Information Department at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the 31st spokesperson of the Ministry. He has been described as a prominent wolf warrior diplomat during his tenure. In January 2023, Zhao was removed from the office as one of the ministry's spokespeople and was appointed as deputy director of the Department of Boundary and Ocean Affairs at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

## Early life and education

Zhao Lijian was born in Luannan County, Tangshan, Hebei in November 1972. He studied at Luannan County No. 1 Middle School.

Zhao graduated from Changsha Railway College (merged to form Central South University) with a major in foreign language studies.

When he served as a first secretary at the Embassy of China in the United States, he enrolled at the Korea Development Institute from February to December 2005 and received a master's degree in public policy.

## Career

Zhao joined the Department of Asian Affairs of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China in 1996 as a section member. He was transferred abroad and served as staff member and third secretary at the Embassy of China in Pakistan from 2003 to 2009. He served as first secretary at the Embassy of China in the United States from 2009 and 2013.

Zhao returned to Beijing in 2013, and served as a first secretary and an office director at the Department of Asian Affairs of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 2013 to 2015. He then served as an envoy-level attaché at the Embassy of China in Pakistan in Islamabad from 2015 to 2019.

Zhao was recalled to Beijing in August 2019, and served as deputy director of the Information Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and spokesperson of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs from August 2019 to January 2023. Zhao was one of the most prominent wolf warrior diplomats.

Zhao was then transferred to the ministry's Department of Boundary and Ocean Affairs, and has been serving as deputy director of the department since January 2023. Media reported his transfer as part of China's rethinking of wolf warrior diplomacy.

## Statements and controversies

During his second tenure at the Embassy of China in Pakistan from 2015 to 2019, Zhao used the name "Muhammad Lijian Zhao" on his official Twitter account, but he dropped "Muhammad" in 2017 after there were reports that China banned several Islamic names in Xinjiang. Zhao became well known for his frequent use of Twitter to criticize the United States, including on topics such as race relations and the United States foreign policy in the Middle East. Paired with his press conference statements, he has established a "long history of provocative assertions."

The Chinese Communist Party puts a high premium on information management, and Zhao used press conferences and Twitter to direct information and reach China's strategic goals. Although it had been banned in China in 2009, Zhao joined Twitter in 2010, becoming one of the first envoys of the Chinese government to use the social media platform. By the end of 2020, Zhao had 780,000 followers, further reaching 1.9 million by 2023. Since his reassignment to the Department of Boundary and Ocean Affairs in January 2023, Zhao has posted much less frequently on Twitter.

### "Racist" Washington exchange

In 2019 Zhao tweeted, "If you're in Washington, D.C., you know the white never go to the SW area, because it's an area for the black & Latin. There's a saying 'black in & white out'", to which Susan Rice, National Security Adviser to Barack Obama, responded: "You are a racist disgrace. And shockingly ignorant too." Zhao returned the insults, calling Rice "a disgrace" and "shockingly ignorant" in a tweet as well as calling her accusation of racism "disgraceful and disgusting." Although Zhao stood by the tweets, he deleted them. The dispute raised his profile in Beijing.

### COVID-19 suggestions and conspiracy theories

On 5 March 2020, Zhao gave a press conference in Beijing and responded to an American TV host's demand that the Chinese should "formally apologize" for the novel coronavirus pandemic. Zhao stated that: "The announcement is absurd and ridiculous, which fully exposes his arrogance, prejudice and ignorance of China... \[t\]he H1N1 flu outbreak in the United States in 2009 spread to 214 countries and regions and killed at least 18,449 people that year. Has anyone asked the United States to apologize?" He went on to say, "no conclusion has been reached yet on the origin of the virus, as relevant tracing work is still underway." From here Zhao turned to Twitter.

On 9 March he condemned United States Secretary of State Mike Pompeo for using the term "Wuhan virus". Zhao retweeted Americans who were accusing Republicans of racism and xenophobia. On 12 March Zhao, without asking for permission from his superiors, appeared to promote a conspiracy theory that the United States military could have brought the novel coronavirus to China, tweeting first in English and separately in Chinese:

> When did patient zero begin in US? How many people are infected? What are the names of the hospitals? It might be US army who brought the epidemic to Wuhan. Be transparent! Make public your data! US owe us an explanation!

The allegation was apparently linked to the United States' participation at the 2019 Military World Games held in Wuhan in October, two months before any reported outbreaks. Zhao accompanied his post with a video of Robert Redfield, director of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, addressing a US Congressional committee on March 11. Redfield had said some Americans who had seemingly died from influenza later tested positive for the new coronavirus. Redfield did not say when those people had died or over what time period. Zhao also linked to article from the Centre for Research on Globalization which *BuzzFeed News* claimed was part of "a bevy of misinformation about the coronavirus... covered by *Global Times*, that claimed the virus began in late November somewhere else than Wuhan." The US State Department summoned Chinese ambassador Cui Tiankai on March 13 to protest about Zhao's comments.

During an interview on *Axios on HBO*, Cui distanced himself from Zhao's comments and said speculating about the origin of the virus was "harmful". In April 2020, Zhao defended his tweets, saying his posts were "a reaction to some U.S. politicians stigmatizing China a while ago." In July 2021, Zhao commented that the plan on WHO's 2nd phase study was "at odds with the position of China" and other countries, adding, "Why can't origins study be conducted in the U.S. just as in China?" Reportedly, Zhao's actions and conducts created divisions within the Foreign Ministry, with many supporting it while others opposing it.

On August 11, 2021, Zhao Lijian posted a tweet supporting the Chinese conspiracy theory that SARS-CoV-2 virus was developed by the United States military at Fort Detrick.

### Treatment of Uyghur people

Following the leak of the China Cables via *The New York Times* the Chinese government has come under Western Media's and government's criticism for its treatment of Uyghurs in the Xinjiang internment camps (since 2017) as methods of confronting Islamist terrorism in Xinjiang led by Turkistan Islamic Party. Zhao has used media statements and Twitter to defend Beijing's treatment of the minority group. Associated Press claimed that authorities in China were using forced birth control amongst Uyghur people, whilst encouraging larger families of Han Chinese. Zhao dismissed the findings of AP as "baseless" and showed "ulterior motives." He turned attention back on the media, accusing outlets of "cooking up false information on Xinjiang-related issues".

In November 2020, Pope Francis named China's Uyghur minority among a list of the world's persecuted peoples. Zhao retorted that the Pope's words had "no factual basis". In January 2021, Zhao responded to questions about a Uyghur genocide during a press briefing by stating, "China has no genocide; China has no genocide; China has no genocide, period."

### Five Eyes

On 19 November 2020, the Five Eyes intelligence-sharing group said China's imposition of new rules to disqualify elected legislators in Hong Kong appeared to be part of a campaign to silence critics and called on Beijing to reverse course. Responding to this, Zhao said that "No matter if they have five eyes or 10 eyes, if they dare to harm China's sovereignty, security and development interests, they should beware of their eyes being poked and blinded".

### Brereton Report

On 30 November 2020, Zhao posted on his personal Twitter account "Shocked by murder of Afghan civilians & prisoners by Australian soldiers. We strongly condemn such acts, &call *\[sic\]* for holding them accountable", accompanied with an image of an Australian soldier who appears to hold a bloodied knife against the throat of an Afghan child. The image, originally created by the Chinese internet political cartoonist Wuheqilin (乌合麒麟), is believed to be a reference to the Brereton Report, which had been released earlier by the Australian government that month, and which details war crimes committed by the Australian Defence Force during the War in Afghanistan between 2005 and 2016, including the throat-slitting of two 14-year-old Afghan boys, and its subsequent cover-up by the Australian military. Later that day, the Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison called a press conference, calling the image "offensive" and "truly repugnant", demanding a formal apology from the Chinese government and requesting Twitter to remove the tweet. China rejected the demands for an apology on the following day, while Twitter also refused Morrison's request to remove Zhao Lijian's tweet. The artist behind the illustration said it was created "as a metaphor". Eventually, Morrison called for stopping further amplification of the incident, and to seek conciliation. The incident had the effect of unifying Australian politicians in condemning China across party lines, while also drawing attention to the Brereton Report. It was further seen as a sign of deteriorating relations between Australia and China.

The New Zealand and French governments voiced support for the Australian government and criticised Zhao's Twitter post, while the Russian government stated that "the circumstances make us truly doubt the genuine capacity of Australian authorities to actually hold accountable all the servicemen who are guilty of such crimes". The Chinese embassy in Paris criticized the French government's position as hypocrisy, and argued that Chinese artists have the right to caricature, referencing the French government's defense of the *Charlie Hebdo* caricatures. A spokesperson for the US State Department likewise accused the Chinese foreign ministry of hypocrisy for using Twitter at all when it is blocked in China. The Taiwanese government expressed concern about the Chinese foreign ministry's use of a manipulated image in an official tweet. A week after the tweet an Israeli cybersecurity firm concluded that they had found "evidence of a largely orchestrated disinformation campaign" aimed at spreading the tweet and China's viewpoint. The firm concluded that of the Twitter accounts which had augmented proliferation of the image, "half were likely fake."

### Echoing Russian disinformation about Ukraine

In March 2022, amidst the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Zhao Lijian said during a press conference that "the US' biological laboratories in Ukraine have aroused great concern". He echoed Russian media reports saying that Russia has found out that the US was using such facilities for "bio-military plans". However, such claims, which circulated in Russian media since at least 2018, were previously debunked as part of Russian disinformation campaign against Ukraine. Britain's Defense Ministry said: "These narratives are long standing but are currently likely being amplified as part of a retrospective justification for Russia's invasion of Ukraine". Bloomberg News called it a "conspiracy theory". Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the U.S. Department of Defense has worked with Ukraine and other former satellites of the USSR to secure and take apart remnant weapons of mass destruction under the Nunn–Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction program, which involved delivery system dismantlement and tasks pertaining to chemical and biological weapons.

Zhao said that "As the culprit and leading instigator of the Ukraine crisis, the US has led NATO to engage in five rounds of eastward expansion" since 1999, and the near doubling of NATO membership pushed "Russia to the wall step by step."

### Taiwan

In July 2022, Zhao warned that Nancy Pelosi should not travel to Taiwan, and threatened the Chinese government would be "seriously prepared" for her travel. When asked about what that meant, Zhao said that "If the U.S. side is bent on going its own way, China will take strong measures to resolutely respond and counteract" and that "The United States should be held responsible for any serious consequences." On 1 August 2022, Zhao threatened that the Chinese military would not "sit idly by" if Pelosi were to go to Taiwan. Zhao stated that "We would like to tell the United States once again that China is standing by, the Chinese People's Liberation Army will never sit idly by, and China will take resolute responses and strong countermeasures to defend its sovereignty and territorial integrity."

### 2022 COVID-19 protests

In November 2022, after being asked about COVID-19 protests in China that were linked to the 2022 Ürümqi fire, Zhao said "On social media, there are forces with ulterior motives that relate this fire with the local response to COVID-19."

## Personal life

Zhao is married to Tang Tianru. According to reports, Tang traveled to Germany when China was under strict travel curbs, triggering an outrage on social media. In December 2022, Tang posted that Zhao was COVID-19 positive, but was unable to get medication.

## Further reading

* Martin, Peter (2021). *China's Civilian Army: The Making of Wolf Warrior Diplomacy*. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780197513705.001.0001. ISBN 9780197513705.

## InfoBox

| Zhao Lijian | |
| --- | --- |
| 赵立坚 | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Deputy Director of the Boundary and Ocean Affairs Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
9 January 2023 | |
| Director | Hong Liang |
| Deputy Director of the Information Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs | |
| **In office**
August 2019  9 January 2023 | |
| Director | Hua Chunying |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1972-11-10) 10 November 1972
Luannan County, Hebei, China |
| Political party | Chinese Communist Party (1996–present) |
| Alma mater | Changsha Railway College (UG)
Korea Development Institute (MPP) |
|  | |
|  | |
| Chinese name | |
| Simplified Chinese |  |
| Traditional Chinese |  |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Zhào Lìjiān | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Mark Stevenson

abstract: Mark Stevenson is a London-based British writer, businessman, public speaker and 'reluctant' futurologist, as well as a semi-professional musician and former comedian. Stevenson's first book, An Optimist's Tour of the Future, was released in the United Kingdom in January 2011. His second, We Do Things Differently, followed on 5 January 2017.

text:
# Mark Stevenson

**Mark Stevenson** (born 1971) is a London-based British writer, businessman, public speaker and 'reluctant' futurologist, as well as a semi-professional musician and former comedian. Stevenson's first book, *An Optimist's Tour of the Future*, was released in the United Kingdom in January 2011 (February 2011 in the United States). His second, *We Do Things Differently*, followed on 5 January 2017.

## Education

Stevenson graduated from the University of Salford in 1992 with a first-class honors degree in Information Technology.

## Early career

Stevenson began his career working for Ovum, an information technology think tank. There, he co-authored reports on e-commerce and smart card technology and edited material related to CASE (computer-aided software engineering).

After leaving Ovum, Stevenson worked as a freelancer, consulting primarily in the field of cryptography.

Throughout this period, Stevenson was also a semi-professional musician. As a founding member of the band Clear, he co-wrote both music and lyrics, sang and played bass. The band's sole album, *Coming Around*, had the unique distinction of being funded by a company founded by the members but owned in part by the band's fans. The album, recorded in 2003, was produced by Andy Metcalfe at the studios of Glenn Tilbrook; it was mastered at Abbey Road.

## Comedy

After leaving Clear, Stevenson took to comedy. His stand-up material was primarily focused on science. He has appeared at many comedy clubs, festivals and other venues. And although his current duties as businessman and author preclude a full-time career in comedy, he still occasionally makes appearances at clubs and on programs. He continues to write comedy. His farce, co-authored with Jack Milner, Octopus Soup! toured the UK in 2019.

## Writing

In early 2011, Stevenson released a book entitled *An Optimist's Tour of the Future* (published by Profile Books in January 2011 in the UK and by Avery in February 2011 in the United States), which explores how invention and innovation can help overcome several of humanity's current problems. The book has since been translated into 12 languages.

Notably, whilst writing *An Optimist's Tour of the Future*, Stevenson met the then President of the Maldives, Mohamed Nasheed and was present at the world's first underwater cabinet meeting. "to draw attention to the climate change issue... he \[Mohamed Nasheed\] held an underwater cabinet meeting... I was there, I was lucky, I was one of four people that wasn't in the government or the support team that was in the water at this time, it was a very bizarre experience..."

His second book, *We Do Things Differently* (also with Profile Books) is described as "an enthralling picture of what can be done to address the world's most pressing dilemmas, a journey that offers a much needed dose of down-to-earth optimism. It is a window on (and a roadmap to) a different and better future"

## Current Activities

Following the success of his book, Stevenson is in high demand as a consultant and speaker on issues related to cultural change and technology trends - subjects he discusses on his podcast with comedian Jon Richardson and fellow futurist Ed Gillespie. He still maintains a musical persona as one half of progressive rock duo Quantum Pig.

He fulfils a number of advisory roles notably to The UK Ministry of Defence (climate and national security), Medicines Sans Frontiers and Client Earth.


title: Mitchie Rivera

abstract: Mitchie Rivera is an American pop songwriter.

text:
# Mitchie Rivera

**Mitchie Rivera** (born 28 July 1997, Miami, Florida) is an American pop songwriter.

## Early life and education

Mitchie Rivera's parents are Colombian immigrants. She completed her education at Berklee College of Music, graduating in 2017. Beyond her career as a music artist, Rivera also teaches singing, piano, and composition at 'Let it Beat!', a Miami-based music school. The school is owned by Guillermo Vadala and Nerina Nicotra.

## Musical career

Mitchie Rivera gained prominence in the music industry following her participation in the second season of *La Voz US* on Telemundo. Her performance there captured the attention of all four judges and led to collaborations with notable artists, including Luis Fonsi and Karol G.

Following this success, Rivera joined Arthouse Studios, where she worked under the guidance of producer Julio Reyes Copello. Her contributions at Arthouse included work on the soundtrack for *Koati* and collaborations with artists such as Catalina García of Monsieur Periné.

Rivera is currently managed by Hernán Orjuela.

## Awards and recognition

In 2023, Rivera received a nomination for the Best Pop Song at the Latin Grammys. This nomination was for her song 'Bailo pa ti,' a collaboration with Natalia Hernández and Julio Reyes Copello.

1. "Berklee Alumni Nominated for 2023 Latin Grammy Awards". *Berklee*. 2023-09-20. Retrieved 2024-01-18.
2. "La Voz US 2: Michelle Rivera cambia la psicología por la música". *Telemundo* (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-01-18.
3. "Monsieur Periné llega a los Grammy bailando un bolero". *El Universal* (in Spanish). 2023-10-15. Retrieved 2024-01-18.
4. "Latin Grammy 2023: Lista completa de ganadores". *Billboard* (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-01-18.
5. "Latin Grammy 2023: Lista de Nominados". *Hola!* (in Spanish). 19 September 2023. Retrieved 2024-01-18.
6. "Latin Grammy 2023: Lista completa de nominados". *Univision* (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-01-18.
7. "24a Entrega Anual del Latin Grammy 2023". *Latin Grammy* (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-01-18.

## InfoBox

| Mitchie Rivera | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Michelle Rivera |
| Born | (1997-07-28) July 28, 1997<br>Miami, Florida, U.S. |
| Genres | Pop |
| Occupation | Songwriter |
| Years active | 2020–present |


title: Winter Carols

abstract: Winter Carols is the sixth studio album by the group Blackmore's Night, released in the United Kingdom in October 2006, and in the United States on November 7, 2006. It is a Christmas themed album. The cover artwork for this album, painted by Karsten Topelmann, is an adaptation of a street in Rothenburg ob der Tauber, Germany, in line with the band's heavy Renaissance influence. The same street is portrayed in the cover of Blackmore's Night's second studio album, Under a Violet Moon. In the cover of "Winter Carols" the street is painted as winter time, whereas Under a Violet Moon's cover takes place on apparently a summer night. While the selection "Winter" is credited to Ritchie Blackmore as composer, the first phrase comes from Gaspar Sanz's "Espanoleta" though Blackmore quickly goes off on his own from there. The songs no longer under copyright are credited only as "trad.[itional]" even when the authors are known. In December 2006, Winter Carols entered at #7 on USA Billboard New Age Charts. The album won the New Age Reporter Lifestyle Music Award as the Best Holiday Album.

text:
# Winter Carols

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |
| Metal Storm | (7.4/10) |

***Winter Carols*** is the sixth studio album by the group Blackmore's Night, released in the United Kingdom in October 2006, and in the United States on November 7, 2006. It is a Christmas themed album. The cover artwork for this album, painted by Karsten Topelmann, is an adaptation of a street in Rothenburg ob der Tauber, Germany, in line with the band's heavy Renaissance influence. The same street is portrayed in the cover of Blackmore's Night's second studio album, *Under a Violet Moon*. In the cover of "Winter Carols" the street is painted as winter time, whereas *Under a Violet Moon'*s cover takes place on apparently a summer night. While the selection "Winter (Basse Dance)" is credited to Ritchie Blackmore as composer, the first phrase comes from Gaspar Sanz's "Espanoleta" (written in 1674, this piece is familiar today from its adaptation by Joaquin Rodrigo for the second movement of his "Fantasía para un gentilhombre", which he composed for classical guitar virtuoso Andres Segovia in 1954) though Blackmore quickly goes off on his own from there. The songs no longer under copyright are credited only as "trad.\[itional\]" even when the authors are known.

In December 2006, *Winter Carols* entered at #7 on USA Billboard New Age Charts.

The album won the New Age Reporter Lifestyle Music Award as the Best Holiday Album.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Hark the Herald Angels Sing / Come All Ye Faithful" | trad. | 3:48 |
| 2. | "I Saw Three Ships" | trad. | 2:39 |
| 3. | "Winter (Basse Dance)" | Ritchie Blackmore | 3:08 |
| 4. | "Ding Dong Merrily on High" | trad. | 3:15 |
| 5. | "Ma-O-Tzur" | trad. | 2:20 |
| 6. | "Good King Wenceslas" | trad. | 4:45 |
| 7. | "Lord of the Dance / Simple Gifts" | Sydney Carter / Joseph Brackett | 3:33 |
| 8. | "We Three Kings" | trad. | 4:48 |
| 9. | "Wish You Were Here" (song from *Shadow of the Moon*) | Leskelä Teijo | 5:04 |
| 10. | "Emmanuel" | trad. | 3:30 |
| 11. | "Christmas Eve" | Blackmore, Candice Night | 4:20 |
| 12. | "We Wish You a Merry Christmas" | trad. | 1:25 |

## 2013 Reissue

The album was re-issued in 2013 with an additional CD of live versions, along with that year's single – a reworking of the track Christmas Eve.

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Hark the Herald Angels Sing / Come All Ye Faithful \- Live from Minstrel Hall 2013" | trad. | 4:12 |
| 2. | "Emmanuel – Live from Minstrel Hall 2013" | trad. | 4:35 |
| 3. | "We Three Kings – Live from Minstrel Hall 2013" | trad. | 5:26 |
| 4. | "Ma-O-Tzur – Live from Minstrel Hall 2013" | trad. | 5:26 |
| 5. | "Good King Wenceslas – Live from Minstrel Hall 2013" | trad. | 6:13 |
| 6. | "Christmas Eve – 2013 Version" | Blackmore, Candice Night | 4:33 |
| 7. | "Christmas Eve – German Radio Edit" | Blackmore, Candice Night | 3:56 |
| 8. | "Christmas Eve – English & German Radio Edit" | Blackmore, Candice Night | 3:56 |
| 9. | "Christmas Eve – English Radio Edit" | Blackmore, Candice Night | 3:56 |
| 10. | "Christmas Eve – Video" | Blackmore, Candice Night |  |

## 2017 Reissue

### Disc 1

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Deck the Halls" (2017 New recording) | trad. | 2:45 |
| 2. | "God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen" (2017 New recording) | trad. | 4:33 |
| 3. | "Oh Christmas Tree" (2017 New recording) | trad. | 4:54 |
| 4. | "Hark the Herald Angels Sing / Come All Ye Faithful" | trad. | 3:50 |
| 5. | "I Saw Three Ships" | trad. | 2:40 |
| 6. | "Winter (Basse Dance)" | Ritchie Blackmore | 3:07 |
| 7. | "Ding Dong Merrily on High" | trad. | 3:16 |
| 8. | "Ma-O-Tzur" | trad. | 2:19 |
| 9. | "Good King Wenceslas" | trad. | 4:44 |
| 10. | "Lord of the Dance / Simple Gifts" | Sydney Carter / Joseph Brackett | 3:34 |
| 11. | "We Three Kings" | trad. | 4:48 |
| 12. | "Wish You Were Here" (song from *Shadow of the Moon*) | Leskelä Teijo | 5:02 |
| 13. | "Emmanuel" | trad. | 3:32 |
| 14. | "Christmas Eve" | Blackmore, Candice Night | 4:20 |
| 15. | "We Wish You a Merry Christmas" | trad. | 1:21 |

### Disc 2

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Hark the Herald Angels Sing / Come All Ye Faithful – Live from Minstrel Hall 2013" | trad. | 4:12 |
| 2. | "Emmanuel – Live from Minstrel Hall 2013" | trad. | 4:35 |
| 3. | "We Three Kings – Live from Minstrel Hall 2013" | trad. | 5:26 |
| 4. | "Ma-O-Tzur – Live from Minstrel Hall 2013" | trad. | 5:26 |
| 5. | "Good King Wenceslas – Live from Minstrel Hall 2013" | trad. | 6:13 |
| 6. | "Christmas Eve – 2013 Version" | Blackmore, Candice Night | 4:33 |
| 7. | "Christmas Eve – German Radio Edit" | Blackmore, Candice Night | 3:56 |
| 8. | "Christmas Eve – English & German Radio Edit" | Blackmore, Candice Night | 3:56 |
| 9. | "Christmas Eve – English Radio Edit" | Blackmore, Candice Night | 3:56 |
| 10. | "Christmas Eve – Video" | Blackmore, Candice Night |  |

## 2021 Edition

### Disc 1

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Coventry Carol" (2021 New recording) | trad. | 3:07 |
| 2. | "Deck the Halls" | trad. | 2:45 |
| 3. | "God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen" | trad. | 4:33 |
| 4. | "Oh Christmas Tree" | trad. | 4:54 |
| 5. | "Hark the Herald Angels Sing / Come All Ye Faithful" | trad. | 3:50 |
| 6. | "I Saw Three Ships" | trad. | 2:40 |
| 7. | "Winter (Basse Dance)" | Ritchie Blackmore | 3:07 |
| 8. | "Ding Dong Merrily on High" | trad. | 3:16 |
| 9. | "Ma-O-Tzur" | trad. | 2:19 |
| 10. | "Good King Wenceslas" | trad. | 4:44 |
| 11. | "Lord of the Dance / Simple Gifts" | Sydney Carter / Joseph Brackett | 3:34 |
| 12. | "We Three Kings" | trad. | 4:48 |
| 13. | "Wish You Were Here (2021)" (song from *Shadow of the Moon*) | Leskelä Teijo | 5:01 |
| 14. | "Emmanuel" | trad. | 3:32 |
| 15. | "Christmas Eve" | Blackmore, Candice Night | 4:20 |
| 16. | "We Wish You a Merry Christmas" | trad. | 1:21 |

### Disc 2

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Crowning of the King" (song from *Fires at Midnight*) | trad. | 4:26 |
| 2. | "Here We Come A-Caroling" | trad. | 2:20 |
| 3. | "It Came Upon a Midnight Clear" | trad. | 1:58 |
| 4. | "O Little Town of Bethlehem" | trad. | 3:16 |
| 5. | "Silent Night" | trad. | 2:38 |
| 6. | "Christmas Eve (2013 Version)" | Blackmore, Candice Night | 4:33 |
| 7. | "Hark the Herald Angels Sing / Come All Ye Faithful (Live from Minstal Hall 2013)" | trad. | 4:12 |
| 8. | "Emmanuel (Live from Minstrel Hall 2013)" | trad. | 4:35 |
| 9. | "We Three Kings (Live from Minstrel Hall 2013)" | trad. | 5:26 |
| 10. | "Ma-O-Tzur (Live from Minstrel Hall 2013)" | trad. | 5:26 |
| 11. | "Good King Wenceslas (Live from Minstrel Hall 2013)" | trad. | 6:13 |

## Personnel

## Charts

| Chart (2006) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 74 |
| Japanese Albums (Oricon) | 56 |
| UK Independent Albums (OCC) | 40 |

## InfoBox

| Winter Carols | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Blackmore's Night | |
| Released | October 2006 (2006-10) |
| Recorded | 2006 |
| Genre | folk rock, neo-medieval, Christmas music |
| Length | 42:35 |
| Label | AFM Records (Germany)
Locomotive Music (US) |
| Producer | Pat Regan |
| Blackmore's Night chronology | |
| *The Village Lanterne*
(2006) ***Winter Carols***
(2006) *Paris Moon*
(2007) | |


title: Pavol Pavlus

abstract: Pavol Pavlus is a Slovak former football midfielder who played for clubs in Czechoslovakia, Russia and Austria.

text:
# Pavol Pavlus

**Pavol Pavlus** (born 22 June 1974) is a Slovak former football midfielder who played for clubs in Czechoslovakia, Russia and Austria.

## Career

Born in Myjava, Pavlus began playing football for local side FC Spartak Trnava, and played 21 league matches for the club before his 21st birthday. Later, he would make 24 appearances in the Czech first division for FC Slovan Liberec and FK Viktoria Žižkov. He also made 10 appearances for FC Chernomorets Novorossiysk in the Russian Premier League.

## InfoBox

Pavol Pavlus
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1974-06-22) 22 June 1974 | | |
| Place of birth | Myjava, Czechoslovakia | | |
| Height | 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1994–1996 | Spartak Trnava |  |  |
| 1996–1997 | Slovan Liberec | 12 | (0) |
| 1997–1998 | Spartak Trnava |  |  |
| 1998 | Viktoria Žižkov | 12 | (0) |
| 1999–2000 | DAC Dunajská Streda |  |  |
| 2001 | Chernomorets Novorossiysk | 10 | (0) |
| 2002 | Spartak Trnava |  |  |
| 2003 | ASKÖ Klingenbach |  |  |
| 2004–2006 | Bad Aussee |  |  |
| 2006–2007 | SV Kieninger-Bau Bad Goisern |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


abstract: The Ministry of Energy, Hydropower and Hydrocarbons is a Guinean government ministry whose current minister is Ibrahima Abé Sylla

text:
# Ministry of Energy, Hydropower and Hydrocarbons (Guinea)

The **Ministry of Energy, Hydropower and Hydrocarbons** is a Guinean government ministry whose current minister is Ibrahima Abé Sylla

## Organization

* Minister
* Secretary General
* Chef de Cabinet
    + Energy Advisor
    + Legal Advisor
* Direction Nationale de l’Energie (DNE)
* Bureau de Stratégie et de Développement (BSD)
* Electricité de Guinée (EDG)
* Agence Guinéene de l’Electrification Rurale (AGER)

## Officeholders since 2010

| Name | | Dates in Office | | Government(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Diakaria Koulibaly | 26 June 2018 | 05/09/2021 | the Kassory Government I and II |
|  | Ibrahima Abé Sylla | 04/11/2021 | In office | Government of Mohamed Béavogui |
| Dans l'intervalle entre deux mandats, le ministre sortant assure la gestion des affaires courantes.<br>Titres successifs : * 2018-2021 : tasked with Hydrocarbures * Since 2021 : Energy, Hydraulique and Hydrocarbons | | | | | |

## InfoBox

Ministry of Energy, Hydropower and Hydrocarbons (Guinea)
| Ministère de l'énergie, de l'Hydraulique et des Hydrocarbures (French) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Ministry overview | |
| Jurisdiction | Government of Guinea |
| Headquarters | Conakry |
| Minister responsible |  |
| Ministry executive |  |


title: Halit Özgür Sarı

abstract: Halit Özgür Sarı is a Turkish actor and model. He is most famous for his role as Yaman in the TV series Yabani (2023-present). He is also known for his role as Kadir Eren in the series Kardeslerim (2021).

text:
# Halit Özgür Sarı

**Halit Özgür Sarı** (born 4 October 1993) is a Turkish actor and model. He is most famous for his role as Yaman in the TV series Yabani (2023-present). He is also known for his role as Kadir Eren in the series Kardeslerim (2021).

## Early life

Halit Özgür Sarı was born in 1993 in Istanbul. He said in an interview  that he has Arab blood from his mother side , his grandfather is of Arab descent who immigrated from Aleppo. He graduated from the Istanbul Bilgi University, Department of Economics after graduating from high school. Halit modelled in his high school and college years and became the face of many brands. He further learnt acting from the Turkish actress Esra Kızıldoğan at the Basic and Advanced Acting Craft Studio during these years in front of the camera with the help of Enginay Kanat.

## Career

In 2018, Sarı began his career in the TV series, *Diriliş: Ertuğrul*, broadcast on TRT 1 created by Mehmet Bozdağ, with the role of 'Süleyman Alp', son of Selcan Hatun. He later gave life to the character of 'Arif' in the Netflix original series, *The Protector* in 2020, and later took part in Şampiyon (transl.*Champion*) as 'Kerem' which he is mostly known for also broadcast on TRT 1. He also played the role of 'Klinik Müdürü Murat' in the TV series *Kırmızı Oda* (transl.*The Red Room*) broadcast on TV8. He is known for appearing in big projects in such a short period of time.

## Personal life

Sarı is a strict fan of the football club, Fenerbahçe and he also expressed that he had a dream of being an astronaut when he was little. He also says that he sleeps too much and only wakes up when he is told too but is never late for anything. He is followed by 2 million people on Instagram.

## Filmography

| Film | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Title | Role |
| 2021 | *Geçen Yaz* | Burak |
| 2022 | *Private Lesson* | Burak |
| Television | | |
| 2018–2019 | *Diriliş: Ertuğrul* | Süleyman Alp |
| 2019–2020 | *Şampiyon* | Kerem |
| 2020 | *Hakan: Muhafız* | Arif |
| 2020 | *Kırmızı Oda* | Clinic Manager Murat |
| 2021 | *Kardeşlerim* | Kadir Eren |
| 2022 | *Gizli Saklı* | Pamir Ulaş/Levent Güneş |
| 2023– | *Yabani* | Yaman |

## InfoBox

| Halit Özgür Sarı | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1993-10-04) 4 October 1993<br>Istanbul, Turkey |
| Education | Istanbul Bilgi University, Department of Economics |
| Occupations | * Actor * model |
| Years active | 2018–present |


title: Hajer Bahouri

abstract: Hajer Bahouri is a Franco-Tunisian mathematician who is interested in partial differential equations. She is Director of Research at the National Center for Scientific Research and the Laboratory of Analysis and Applied Mathematics at the University Paris-Est-Créteil-Val-de-Marne.

text:
# Hajer Bahouri

**Hajer Bahouri** (born 30 March 1958, in Tunis) is a Franco-Tunisian mathematician who is interested in partial differential equations. She is Director of Research at the National Center for Scientific Research and the Laboratory of Analysis and Applied Mathematics at the University Paris-Est-Créteil-Val-de-Marne.

## Career

From 1977, Bahouri studied mathematics at the University of Tunis, graduating in 1979; she then received the President's Award. She studied in Paris and obtained a Master of Advanced Studies in 1980 at the University Paris-Sud and a doctorate in 1982, under the direction of Serge Alinhac, with a thesis entitled *Uniqueness and non-uniqueness of the Cauchy problem for real symbol operators*. Then she devoted herself to research at École Polytechnique; from 1984 to 1988, she was a lecturer at the University of Paris-Sud and Rennes-I. In 1987, she obtained her doctoral degree (thesis) at the University of Paris-Sud (*Uniqueness, non-uniqueness and Hölder continuity of the Cauchy problem for partial differential equations*. *Propagation of the wavefront Cρ for nonlinear equations*).

Starting in 1988 she was a professor at the Tunis University, where she directed, from 2003, the laboratory of partial differential equations. From 2002 to 2004, she was also a lecturer at École Polytechnique. Since 2010, she has been Research Director of the National Center for Scientific Research at the University Paris-Est-Créteil-Val-de-Marne (Laboratory of Analysis and Applied Mathematics).

## Awards

In 2002, she was a guest speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Beijing, with Jean-Yves Chemin (*Quasilinear wave equations and microlocal analysis*). In 2001, she received the Tunisian Medal of Merit and, in 2016, she won the Paul Doistau-Émile Blutet Prize.

## Selected publications

* " High Frequency Approximation of Solutions to Critical Nonlinear Wave Equations", 1997
* Bahouri, Hajer; Chemin, Jean-Yves; Danchin, Raphaël (2011). *Fourier Analysis and Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations*. Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften. Vol. 343. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. ISBN 978-3-642-16830-7. OCLC 704397128.
* "Phase-space Analysis and Pseudodifferential Calculus on the Heisenberg Group", 2012

*This article incorporates text available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 license.*  *This article incorporates text available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 license.*

## InfoBox

| Hajer Bahouri | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Alma mater |  |
| Awards | Knight of the National Order of Merit |


title: Al McLeod

abstract: Allan Sidney McLeod is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played 342 games in the World Hockey Association and 26 games in the National Hockey League between 1974 and 1979. He played for the Indianapolis Racers, Phoenix Roadrunners, Detroit Red Wings and Houston Aeros.

text:
# Al McLeod

**Allan Sidney McLeod** (born June 17, 1949) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played 342 games in the World Hockey Association and 26 games in the National Hockey League between 1974 and 1979. He played for the Indianapolis Racers, Phoenix Roadrunners, Detroit Red Wings and Houston Aeros.

## Career statistics

### Regular season and playoffs

|  | | |  | Regular season | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP |  |  | Pts | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1966–67 | Calgary Buffaloes | CMJHL | |  |  |  |  |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1967–68 | Michigan Technological University | WCHA | |  |  |  |  |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1968–69 | Michigan Technological University | WCHA | | 23 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 10 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1969–70 | Michigan Technological University | WCHA | | 34 | 14 | 17 | 31 | 32 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1970–71 | Michigan Technological University | WCHA | | 32 | 13 | 26 | 39 | 14 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1971–72 | Fort Worth Wings | CHL | | 22 | 1 | 6 | 7 | 4 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1971–72 | Port Huron Wings | IHL | | 35 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 15 | | 15 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 13 |
| 1972–73 | Virginia Wings | AHL | | 76 | 4 | 15 | 19 | 105 | | 13 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 12 |
| 1973–74 | Detroit Red Wings | NHL | | 26 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 24 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1973–74 | Virginia Wings | AHL | | 54 | 1 | 13 | 14 | 52 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1974–75 | Phoenix Roadrunners | WHA | | 77 | 3 | 16 | 19 | 98 | | 5 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| 1975–76 | Phoenix Roadrunners | WHA | | 80 | 2 | 18 | 20 | 82 | | 5 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 1976–77 | Phoenix Roadrunners | WHA | | 29 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 35 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1976–77 | Houston Aeros | WHA | | 51 | 7 | 21 | 28 | 20 | | 10 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 9 |
| 1957–58 | Houston Aeros | WHA | | 80 | 2 | 22 | 24 | 54 | | 6 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 1978–79 | Indianapolis Racers | WHA | | 25 | 0 | 11 | 11 | 22 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| WHA totals | | | | 342 | 15 | 93 | 108 | 311 | | 26 | 2 | 9 | 11 | 19 |
| NHL totals | | | | 26 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 24 | |  |  |  |  |  |

## InfoBox

| Al McLeod | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born | (1949-06-17) June 17, 1949
Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada | | |
| Height | 5 ft 11 in (180 cm) | | |
| Weight | 195 lb (88 kg; 13 st 13 lb) | | |
| Position | Defenceman | | |
| Shot | Left | | |
| Played for | Indianapolis Racers
Phoenix Roadrunners
Detroit Red Wings
Houston Aeros | | |
| Playing career | 19711979 | | |


title: Marketable title

abstract: Marketable title is a title that a court of equity considers to be so free from defect that it will legally force its acceptance by a buyer. Marketable title does not assume that absolute absence of defect, but rather a title that a prudent, educated buyer in the reasonable course of business would accept. For real estate practitioners, the most complete reference to title issues is found in the preprinted wording contained within an agreement/contract. If you cannot produce a clear title of deed to the property then the prospective buyer should expect to lose in a specific performance action. Merchantable title and marketable title are synonymous terms. In the absence of an agreement to the contrary, there is an implied undertaking in the contract that the vendor has a marketable title. The contract typically provides that on failure of a vendor to deliver good and marketable title, the vendee (buyer) may rescind the contract and recover any deposit.

text:
# Marketable title

**Marketable title** (real estate) is a title that a court of equity considers to be so free from defect that it will legally force its acceptance by a buyer. Marketable title does not assume that absolute absence of defect, but rather a title that a prudent, educated buyer in the reasonable course of business would accept. For real estate practitioners, the most complete reference to title issues is found in the preprinted wording contained within an agreement/contract. If you cannot produce a clear title of deed to the property then the prospective buyer should expect to lose in a specific performance action.

Merchantable title and marketable title are synonymous terms.

In the absence of an agreement to the contrary, there is an implied undertaking in the contract that the vendor (person selling the property) has a marketable title. The contract typically provides that on failure of a vendor to deliver good and marketable title, the vendee (buyer) may rescind the contract and recover any deposit.

## Merger

If a deed is delivered and it has no warranty of title, the buyer has no recourse because the deed supersedes the contract. This means that the initial contract is no longer in effect.

## Closing date

Sellers only have to tender good and marketable title on the date the conveyance is executed (date of closing). So a seller may contract to sell property it does not currently possess. Liability will be imposed on the seller for breach only if the seller does not have good and marketable title on the date of closing.

## Defects that make title unmarketable

1. Outstanding mortgages/liens
2. Restrictive covenants
3. Outstanding future interests of others in the property, i.e. a "reverter".
4. Encumbrances
5. Easements on the property
6. Variations in the names of grantors and grantees
7. Variations in the chain of title
8. Outstanding dower interests.
9. Adverse possession claims
10. Structural encroachments
11. Existing violations of an equitable servitude or covenant
12. Zoning restriction violations

## Actions that do not defeat marketability

1. Zoning restrictions (so long as there are no current violations of the restrictions)
2. Other land use regulations