title: 1921 Grand Prix season

abstract:
The 1921 Grand Prix season saw motor racing in Europe blossom again. The French Grand Prix was held for the first time since 1914, at La Sarthe, Le Mans. and the inaugural Italian Grand Prix was held in Montichiari, near Brescia. The 3-litre formula of the AIACR, already in use at Indianapolis, was adopted by those Grand Prix meaning manufacturers could design on a common formula. Wealthy privateer Conte Giulio Masetti, gave FIAT's only win in the Targa Florio, heading home a big field including a strong challenge from Max Sailer’s Mercedes.
This year was the swansong of European involvement in the Indianapolis 500. For the third year in a row, Ralph DePalma recorded the fastest time in practise, but it was former Duesenberg driver Tommy Milton who comfortably won for Louis Chevrolet’s Frontenac team, on his way to claiming the AAA championship for 1921. An international field lined up for the French Grand Prix, with entries from France, Great Britain, Italy and a late entry from the American Duesenberg team. Those cars had innovative hydraulically operated four-wheel brakes giving them a decided advantage on the sharp corners of the Le Mans course. Lead driver Jimmy Murphy had a big accident during practice but, heavily bandaged up, he took the start. Never seriously challenged in the race, Murphy became the first driver to win both an American and European Grand Prix, with DePalma coming home second for Ballot. A promising field for the first Italian Grand Prix evaporated leaving just six cars – a two-way battle between Ballot and FIAT. By driving more consistently and looking after their tyres, it was a French victory for the Ballots of Goux and Chassagne, with Wagner’s FIAT being the only other finisher. During the year, Germany opened its first purpose-built racing track – the very fast AVUS circuit just outside of Berlin. At the end of the year, the AIACR signalled the close of the 3-litre formula. Ballot shut down its racing program to concentrate on touring-car production and it marked the start of the divergence of the European and American racing scenes.

text:
# 1921 Grand Prix season

The **1921 Grand Prix season** saw motor racing in Europe blossom again. The French Grand Prix was held for the first time since 1914, at La Sarthe, Le Mans. and the inaugural Italian Grand Prix was held in Montichiari, near Brescia. The 3-litre formula of the AIACR, already in use at Indianapolis, was adopted by those Grand Prix meaning manufacturers could design on a common formula.

Wealthy privateer *Conte* Giulio Masetti, gave FIAT's only win in the Targa Florio, heading home a big field including a strong challenge from Max Sailer’s Mercedes. This year was the swansong of European involvement in the Indianapolis 500. For the third year in a row, Ralph DePalma recorded the fastest time in practise (driving for Ballot), but it was former Duesenberg driver Tommy Milton who comfortably won for Louis Chevrolet’s Frontenac team, on his way to claiming the AAA championship for 1921.

An international field lined up for the French Grand Prix, with entries from France, Great Britain, Italy and a late entry from the American Duesenberg team. Those cars had innovative hydraulically operated four-wheel brakes giving them a decided advantage on the sharp corners of the Le Mans course. Lead driver Jimmy Murphy had a big accident during practice but, heavily bandaged up, he took the start. Never seriously challenged in the race, Murphy became the first driver to win both an American and European Grand Prix, with DePalma coming home second for Ballot.

A promising field for the first Italian Grand Prix evaporated leaving just six cars – a two-way battle between Ballot and FIAT. By driving more consistently and looking after their tyres, it was a French victory for the Ballots of Goux and Chassagne, with Wagner’s FIAT being the only other finisher.

During the year, Germany opened its first purpose-built racing track – the very fast AVUS circuit just outside of Berlin. At the end of the year, the AIACR signalled the close of the 3-litre formula. Ballot shut down its racing program to concentrate on touring-car production and it marked the start of the divergence of the European and American racing scenes.

## Major races

Sources:

| Date | Name | Circuit | Race
Regulations | Race
Distance | Winner's
Time | Winning driver | Winning
constructor | Report |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 22 May | I Circuito del Garda | Salò | Formula Libre | 200 km | 2h 47m | Eugenio Silvani | Bugatti Type 22 | Report |
| 29 May | **XII Targa Florio** | Medio Madonie | Targa Florio | 430 km | 7h 25m | *Conte* Giulio Masetti | Fiat 451 | Report |
| 30 May | **IX International 500 Mile Sweepstakes** | Indianapolis | AAA | 500 miles | 5h 35m | Tommy Milton | Frontenac | Report |
| 6 Jun | I Coppa della Cascine | Florence | Formula Libre | 110 km | 1h 03m | "Deo" (Amadeo Chiribiri) | Chiribiri | Report |
| 26 Jun | I Grand Prix de MCF | Provins | Cyclecar | 300 km | 3h 49m | Chabreiron | E.H.P.-Ruby | Report |
| 3 Jul | I Grand Prix de Boulogne | Boulogne-sur-Mer | Voiturette | 500 km | 5h 46m | Joseph Collomb | La Licorne | Report |
| 24 Jul | II Circuito di Mugello | Mugello | Formula Libre | 390 km | 6h 13m | Giuseppe Campari | Alfa Romeo 40/60 | Report |
| 26 Jul | **XV French Grand Prix** | Le Mans | AIACR | 515 km | 4h 07m | Jimmy Murphy | Duesenberg | Report |
| 4 Sep | **I Italian Grand Prix**
V Coppa Florio | Montichiari | AIACR | 520 km | 3h 35m | Jules Goux | Ballot 3-litre | Report |
| 8 Sep | I Gran Premio della Vetturette | | Voiturette | 350 km | 2h 59m | Ernest Friderich | Bugatti Type 22 | Report |
| 12 Sep | Circuito di Brescia | | Voiturette | 350 km | 3h 10m | Franz Conelli | Bugatti Type 22 | Report |
| 17 Sep | III Grand Prix de l’UMF | Le Mans | Cyclecar | 310 km | 3h 32m | André Lombard | Salmson AL | Report |
| 18 Sep | **IX Coupe des Voiturettes** | | Voiturette | 440 km | 3h 52m | René Thomas | Talbot-Darracq 56 | Report |
| 25 Sep | I Coppa Montenero | Montenero | Formula Libre | 110 km | 2h 44m | Corrado Lotti | Ansaldo 2000 | Report |
| 16 Oct | I Gran Premi Penya Rhin | Villafranca | Voiturette | 440 km | 5h 11m | Pierre de Vizcaya | Bugatti Type 22 | Report |
| 22 Nov | I Junior Car Club 200 | Brooklands | Voiturette | 200 miles | 2h 16m | Henry Segrave | Talbot-Darracq 56 | Report |

## Regulations and technical

The regulations set up by the AIACR (forerunner of the FIA) the previous year remained in force: an engine limit of 3.0-litres, with a minimum weight of 800 kg. These were being taken up in Europe and the United States, allowing manufacturers a unified platform to design around. This year the Targa Florio regulations were open to any-sized racing cars, as well as production cars available to the public, divided into four engine-capacity categories (split at 2.0, 3.0 and 4.5-litres).

The new Duesenberg was fitted with hydraulic brakes on all four wheels. Using pressurised glycerine and water, it was the first racing car to be fitted with them. It would be a further ten years until Maserati picked them up as well.

| Manufacturer | Model | Engine | Power
Output | Max. Speed
(km/h) | Dry Weight
(kg) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ballot | 3-Litre | Ballot 3.0L S8 | 108 bhp | 180 | 920 |
| Peugeot | Indianapolis | Peugeot 3.0L S4 | 110 bhp | 180 | 1050 |
| Duesenberg | GP | Duesenberg 3.0L S8 | 115 bhp | 185 | 1160 |
| Frontenac |  | Frontenac 3.0L S8 | 125 bhp | 180 | 1020 |
| Miller |  | Miller 3.0L S8 | 125 bhp | 185 | 990 |
| Alfa Romeo | 40/60 | Alfa Romeo 6.1L S4 | 82 bhp | 160 | 1100 |
| Alfa Romeo | 20/30 ES | Alfa Romeo 4.3L S4 | 67 bhp | 170 | 920 |
| Fiat S.p.A. | 801-402 | FIAT 3.0L S8 | 120 bhp | 155 | 830 |
| Mercedes Benz | 28/95 | Mercedes 7.3L S6 | 150 bhp | 185 | 980 |

## Season review

The season opened in Italy in May. A number of local events were held across the country this year. In the first, the northern Circuito del Garda, was entered a 30-year old motorcyclist, now trying his hand at four-wheel racing – Tazio Nuvolari, driving an Ansaldo. The Targa Florio returned to its springtime date and attracted one of its biggest and best fields to date. It included a number of Italian grand prix and sports cars, as well as a 1914 works Mercedes driven by Max Sailer from Stuttgart for the event. The Alfa Corse team returned with a 6-litre 40/60 for team leader Giuseppe Campari, and there were 20/30 hp ES sports models for Antonio Ascari, Enzo Ferrari, Ugo Sivocci and Giuseppe Baldoni. The FIAT team had a pair of 3-litre 801s for Ferdinando Minoia and Pietro Bordino, while wealthy privateer, the *Conte* Giulio Masetti drove a S57/14B. Other privateers filled the field with a range of Italian cars including Diatto and SCAT, Ceirano and Itala from the Ceirano brothers.

Sailer set the pace from the start, taking the lead with the fastest lap of the race on the first lap. But Masetti's skill got him the lead the next time around. Despite Sailer's pressure, he held on to win by two minutes in what was to be FIAT's only win in this iconic Italian event. The three Alfa Romeos of Campari, Sivocci and Ferrari were next.

Once again, a solid field lined up for the Indianapolis 500, but the European presence was reduced. Ballot only had a single car, for Ralph DePalma, and Peugeot just had a pair of cars for Howdy Wilcox and Jean Chassagne. Sunbeam had three cars for René Thomas, André Boillot and Ora Haibe while another for former champion Dario Resta did not eventuate.

Louis Chevrolet had a four-strong team in his new Frontenacs. After his brother had been killed at the end of the previous year, Tommy Milton had been brought in from Duesenberg to lead the team, that included veteran Ralph Mulford and the team's engineer-driver Cornelius van Ranst. The Duesenberg brothers entered a big team of seven cars with their new straight-eights. French veteran Albert Guyot joined Jimmy Murphy, Joe Boyer and Roscoe Sarles (both latterly of Frontenac).

For the third year running, DePalma set the fastest qualifying lap, sharing the front row with Milton's Frontenac and Ira Vail’s Miller-engined special. DePalma led for the first half of the race, but then he got tied up trying to lap Thomas's Sunbeam. In the process he damaged his engine and had to retire. This moved Milton's Frontenac into the lead with Sarles in second. The Duesenberg pit vigorously exhorted Sarles to chase down Milton. To prove a point to his former team, Milton slowed to let him pass before blasting straight back around him and then cruised off to take a comfortable victory of nearly four minutes. Only eight cars finished the race, with Bennett Hill finishing 45 minutes behind Milton in 7th. Frontenac and Duesenberg dominated the results and the only European car to finish this year was Haibe's Sunbeam in 5th.

Three wins, five seconds and competing in 19 of the 20 Championship races (more than any other driver), gave Milton sufficient points to comfortably win the 1921 AAA championship from Sarles and Eddie Hearne when it was retroactively calculated in 1927.

Without doubt, the premier event of the year was the return of the French Grand Prix, in what promised to be an exciting showdown between some of the best cars from Europe and the United States. The ACO, having held the *Coupe des Voiturettes* the previous year on its new circuit just south of Le Mans, was awarded the honour of the first post-war *Grand Prix*. A strong field was entered, with the favourites being the Ballot team. Louis Wagner, Chassagne and DePalma were in the 3-litre cars while Jules Goux ran a new 2-litre sports-car prototype.

Émile Mathis was the sole other French entrant with a car of his own manufacture. Still so close to war's end, German teams were not invited. The Anglo-French STD (Sunbeam) company had seven cars entered, however ten days out from the race Louis Coatalen, racing director realised the cars would not be prepared and withdrew the team. When the drivers protested he relented to let anyone who could be ready to race. In the event four started – those for René Thomas, André Boillot and Brooklands regulars Kenelm Lee Guinness and Henry Segrave \- while another STD entrant, alcohol heir André Dubonnet, switched to Duesenberg to replace their injured driver, Inghilbert. FIAT had entered three of its new 802 models, including cars for Bordino, and Sivocci (formerly at Alfa Romeo). However industrial unrest in Italy prevented them being ready and delivered in time. When entries closed the list was quite short. Fred Duesenberg had been keen to send four cars across but could not afford the shipping costs. When French-American spark-plug manufacturer Albert Champion provided $60000 of sponsorship, their entries were gladly received. The works drivers of Murphy, Guyot and Boyer were supplemented by French driver Louis Inghilbert.

The Duesenberg's hydraulic brakes caused quite a stir. While the Ballots had better handling, the Duesenbergs would be able to brake later at the Pontlieue and Mulsanne hairpins at the end of long straights. In practise the weight shifting caused many problems and when on a sighting lap with Inghilbert, Murphy crashed heavily. When Murphy's mechanic noticed the Ballot had smaller brakes at the rear, the team made a similar change and greatly improving performance. Meanwhile, Inghilbert had four broken ribs and could not race but Murphy, heavily bandaged up, discharged himself from hospital two hours before the race. In the Ballot camp, Édouard Ballot could not understand how DePalma was consistently faster than his local drivers. Then it was found that DePalma had moved the gear-lever in-board for his mechanic to do the gear-changes. This saved precious seconds down-shifting for the hard-braking corners. Ballot was furious and had the team work all night before the race to transfer the gear-lever back out to the driver's side.

First away, DePalma (with his nephew Pete DePaolo beside him as mechanic) led at the start but the Duesenberg brakes soon proved themselves and by lap 7 Murphy had nearly an 8-minute lead over Boyer, allowing him to pit on lap 10 to change tyres and still come back out in the lead. Chassagne challenged briefly but he was sidelined with a broken fuel-tank. Then at half-distance the road surface started breaking up, throwing stones up. DePalma and Boyer suffered punctured radiators. Boyer subsequently retired from second on lap 18 with a broken conrod. Murphy's car was also hit and he had a puncture but had a sufficient gap to keep the lead. When another puncture happened on the last lap, Murphy was still able to come home for victory with his wheel on the rim. DePalma recovered, despite a leaking fuel-tank, to finish second a quarter-hour behind with his team-mate. Jules Goux's 2-litre Ballot was not far behind in third. But for the French it felt like another humiliation once again – after the German Mercedes team had beaten them in the last Grand Prix, in 1914. Jimmy Murphy became the first American to win both a Grand Prix and the Indianapolis 500, a feat not matched until Mario Andretti repeated it in 1971.

In September Italy's inaugural Grand Prix was the headline to open the Brescia Speed Week – a lavish festival of motor racing. It was held on the roads around Montichiari, between Brescia and Lake Garda. The circuit was roughly triangular: two straights, 5 and 6 km long met at a corner called the Parabolica and were connected at the base by a newly built 1.4 km length of road.

Giulio Masetti followed up his victory in the Targa Florio by winning the Gentlemen's Grand Prix (that included “gentlemen” like Nazzaro, Campari and Ascari). It also included the *Contessa* Maria-Antonietta d’Avanzo, who then went to win the *Coppa delle Dame* event.

For the advent of a prestigious new event from the initial 20 entries, it was a disappointing entry that only six cars started the Italian Grand Prix. Starting at 8am it would be run over 30 laps of the Montichiari circuit. The Duesenbergs had already returned to America. It became a contest between the three cars of the Ballot works team (Goux, Chassagne and a disgruntled DePalma) versus the FIAT works team. The new Tipo 802 was now prepared, and three cars were entered for Bordino, Sivocci and Louis Wagner. After a rapid start, Bordino held the lead for the first dozen laps – averaging a new world record 150 kp/h. However, on lap 13, he had to stop to change a tyre then two laps later the oil pump packed up. This left Goux in the lead and he took the victory five minutes ahead of teammate Chassagne with Wagner's FIAT the sole other finisher. Criticism was levelled on the Italian team and its drivers’ methods. Both teams were on Pirelli tyres but the French team drove more evenly (having no tyre stops) whereas the FIAT drivers were far more hard on braking and their tyres – Wagner needed seven tyre stops. The inexperience on Italian cars was put down, in part, to the lack of a permanent circuit to race, and test on.

In *voiturette* racing, the Bugatti Type 22 had been the car to beat in the Italian races, with Eugenio Silvani winning the Circuito del Garda in Italy and Ernest Friderich at the Brescia Speed-week. In Paris, Talbot-Darracq had developed a new car by effectively using half the engine of the Sunbeam 3-litre Grand Prix car. Trials showed it was very fast and a good contest with the Bugattis was anticipated at the *Coupe des Voiturettes*. However, Ettore Bugatti, ever-mindful of the brand-image, scratched his team to prevent any loss of face from a race defeat. So, it proved an easy 1-2-3 finish for the Talbots, led by René Thomas. The result was repeated a month later at the first 200-mile race at Brooklands, with the win this time going to Henry Segrave.

At the end of September, Germany opened its new AVUS track in the south-west of Berlin. Built as a test circuit, it was essentially the two 9 km long straights of a motorway dual carriageway linked at each end by tight hairpins. Held in conjunction with the resumption of the IAA motor-show, the first race held there was won by Fritz von Opel in one of his own cars.

Despite the win in Italy, after two years Ballot had missed out on its big goals of the Grand Prix and Indianapolis. At the end of the season the team followed Peugeot, withdrawing from Grand Prix racing to focus on touring cars to better support its road-car sales. Ernest Henry moved onto the Sunbeam-Talbot-Darracq group. This was the end of the 3-litre formula and that meant a divergence between the racing in Europe and America. From now on there would be less and less interaction between the two continents. Also, a minor race on the island of Corsica would have a significant influence on future racing. Open to 4-seater 3-litre cars, it started the popular move into touring-car racing that would have a considerable impact in years to come.

* Cimarosti, Adriano (1997) The Complete History of Grand Prix Motor Racing London: Aurum Press Ltd ISBN 1-85410-500-0
* Fondi, Pino (2006) Targa Florio: 20th Century Epic Milan: Giorgio Nada Editore ISBN 88-7911-270-8
* Fox, Charles (1973) The Great Racing Cars & Drivers London: Octopus Books Ltd ISBN 0-7064-0213-8
* Georgano, Nick (1971) The Encyclopaedia of Motor Sport London: Ebury Press Ltd ISBN 0-7181-0955-4
* Higham, Peter (1995) The Guinness Guide to International Motor Racing London: Guinness Publishing ISBN 0-85112-642-1
* Legate, Trevor (2006) 100 years of Grand Prix Kent: Touchstone Books Ltd ISBN 0-9551-0201-4
* Ludvigsen, Karl (2008) Racing Colours - Italian Racing Red Surrey: Ian Allan Publishing Ltd ISBN 0-7110-3331-5
* Monkhouse, George (1953) Grand Prix Racing Facts and Figures London: G.T. Foulis & Co Ltd
* Montagna, Paolo (ed.) (1989) The Legendary Italian Grand Prix Milan: A.C. Promotion
* Rendall, Ivan (1991) The Power and The Glory – A Century of Motor Racing London: BBC Books ISBN 0-563-36093-3
* Rendall, Ivan (1993) The Chequered Flag – 100 years of Motor Racing London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson Ltd ISBN 0-297-83220-4
* Spurring, Quentin (2015) Le Mans 1923-29 Yeovil, Somerset: Haynes Publishing ISBN 978-1-91050-508-3
* Venables, David (2009) Racing Colours - French Racing Blue Surrey: Ian Allan Publishing Ltd ISBN 978-0-7110-3369-6


title: Lucílio Batista

abstract:
Lucílio Cardoso Cortez Batista is a retired Portuguese football referee. A bank teller by profession, Batista started refereeing Portuguese first division matches in the mid-1990s in the national territory. Internationally, he refereed two matches at UEFA Euro 2004, on home soil. He also refereed two matches at the 2003 FIFA Confederations Cup in France. Batista also had a run in the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Cup (ten) during his career. He retired from the game at the end of the 2009–10 season.
  - 2006 Ukrainian Cup Final

text:
# Lucílio Batista

**Lucílio Cardoso Cortez Batista** (born 26 April 1965 in Lisbon) is a retired Portuguese football referee. A bank teller by profession, Batista started refereeing Portuguese first division matches in the mid-1990s in the national territory. Internationally, he refereed two matches at UEFA Euro 2004, on home soil. He also refereed two matches at the 2003 FIFA Confederations Cup in France.

Batista also had a run in the UEFA Champions League (16 matches) and UEFA Cup (ten) during his career. He retired from the game at the end of the 2009–10 season.


title: Mermaid's Pool (Peak District)

abstract: Mermaid's Pool is a small pool on Kinder Scout in Derbyshire, England, which, according to legend, is inhabited by a beautiful mermaid who can be seen if you look into the water at sunrise on Easter Sunday. It is also said that its water is salty due to its being connected by an underground passage to the Atlantic. A contributor to the magazine The Reliquary, Henry Kirke, wrote a poem about a young man who drowned in the pool after he had fallen in love with her. Another version describes her rather as a nymph who lives on Kinder Scout, and who bathes in the pool daily. This version describes how a local man to whom she took a liking was led by her to a nearby cavern, and whom she made immortal. This promise of immortality is said to apply to anyone who sees the mermaid on Easter Eve.

text:
# Mermaid's Pool (Peak District)

**Mermaid's Pool** is a small pool on Kinder Scout in Derbyshire, England, which, according to legend, is inhabited by a beautiful mermaid who can be seen if you look into the water at sunrise on Easter Sunday. It is also said that its water is salty due to its being connected by an underground passage to the Atlantic. A contributor to the magazine *The Reliquary*, Henry Kirke, wrote a poem about a young man who drowned in the pool after he had fallen in love with her.

Another version describes her rather as a nymph who lives on Kinder Scout, and who bathes in the pool daily. This version describes how a local man to whom she took a liking was led by her to a nearby cavern, and whom she made immortal. This promise of immortality is said to apply to anyone who sees the mermaid on Easter Eve.

## InfoBox

| Mermaid's Pool | |
| --- | --- |
| The shallow moorland tarn | |
| Mermaid's Pool | |
| Location | Derbyshire, England |
| Coordinates | 53°23′42″N 1°53′22″W / 53.3949°N 1.8895°W / 53.3949; -1.8895 |


title: Veselíčko (Písek District)

abstract: Veselíčko is a municipality and village in Písek District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants. Veselíčko lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) north-east of Písek, 47 km (29 mi) north of České Budějovice, and 78 km (48 mi) south of Prague.

text:
# Veselíčko (Písek District)

**Veselíčko** is a municipality and village in Písek District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.

Veselíčko lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) north-east of Písek, 47 km (29 mi) north of České Budějovice, and 78 km (48 mi) south of Prague.

## Administrative parts

The village of Bilina is an administrative part of Veselíčko.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 724 |  |
| 1880 | 667 | −7.9% |
| 1890 | 578 | −13.3% |
| 1900 | 538 | −6.9% |
| 1910 | 565 | +5.0% |
| 1921 | 590 | +4.4% |
| 1930 | 537 | −9.0% |
| 1950 | 442 | −17.7% |
| 1961 | 425 | −3.8% |
| 1970 | 383 | −9.9% |
| 1980 | 289 | −24.5% |
| 1991 | 227 | −21.5% |
| 2001 | 205 | −9.7% |
| 2011 | 211 | +2.9% |
| 2021 | 201 | −4.7% |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## InfoBox

| Veselíčko | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Centre of Veselíčko | |
|  | |
| VeselíčkoLocation in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 49°23′17″N 14°21′24″E / 49.38806°N 14.35667°E / 49.38806; 14.35667 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | South Bohemian |
| District | Písek |
| First mentioned | 1488 |
| Area | |
| Total | 4.51 km2 (1.74 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 465 m (1,526 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01) | |
| Total | 233 |
| Density | 52/km2 (130/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 398 43 |
| Website | www.obecveselicko.cz |


title: Michael J. Battle

abstract: Michael Jesse Battle is an Episcopal moral theologian known for his works on spirituality, reconciliation, and the thought of Desmond Tutu.

text:
# Michael J. Battle

**Michael Jesse Battle** (born 12 December 1963) is an Episcopal moral theologian known for his works on spirituality, reconciliation, and the thought of Desmond Tutu.

## Biography

Born in New Orleans, Battle received a B.A. in 1986 from Duke University, an M.Div. in 1989 from Princeton Theological Seminary, a S.T.M. in 1991 from Yale University, and a Ph.D. in 1995 in theology and ethics from Duke University.

In 1993, Battle was ordained a priest by Desmond Tutu in St. George's Cathedral, Cape Town. He worked as vicar at St. Titus Episcopal Church in Durham, NC, rector of Church of Our Savior in San Gabriel, California, and rector of St. Ambrose Episcopal Church, Raleigh, NC. In 2007, he was made provost of Cathedral Center of St. Paul, Los Angeles and Canon theologian of the Episcopal Diocese of Los Angeles.

Battle has held a number of academic posts, teaching spiritual theology, moral theology, and black church studies at Duke Divinity School and the University of the South (now known as Sewanee: The University of the South). He is currently Herbert Thompson Professor of Church and Society and Director of the Desmond Tutu Center at General Theological Seminary, New York.

Battle and his wife Raquel have three children, Sage, Bliss and Zion.

## Works

* Battle, Michael (1997). *Reconciliation: The Ubuntu Theology of Desmond Tutu*. Pilgrim Press. ISBN 9780829811582.
* Battle, Michael, ed. (1998). *The Wisdom of Desmond Tutu*. Lion. ISBN 9780745939957.
* Battle, Michael (2004). *Blessed are the Peacemakers: A Christian Spirituality of Nonviolence*. Mercer University Press. ISBN 9780865548718.
* Campolo, Tony; Battle, Michael (2005). *The Church Enslaved: A Spirituality of Racial Reconciliation*. Fortress Press. ISBN 9781451414646.
* Battle, Michael (2009). *Ubuntu: I in You and You in Me*. Church Publishing, Inc. ISBN 9781596271111.
* Battle, Michael (2017). *Heaven on Earth: God's Call to Community in the Book of Revelation*. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9781611647945.

## InfoBox

| The Very ReverendMichael Battle | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Michael Jesse Battle
(1963-12-12)December 12, 1963
New Orleans |
| Occupation | Moral theologian |
| Spouse | Raquel |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater | Duke University |
| Influences | Desmond Tutu |
| Academic work | |
| Institutions |  |
| Main interests |  |
|  | |


title: Polik, Łódź Voivodeship

abstract: Polik is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brzeziny, within Brzeziny County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Brzeziny and 16 km (10 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

text:
# Polik, Łódź Voivodeship

**Polik** \[ˈpɔlik\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brzeziny, within Brzeziny County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Brzeziny and 16 km (10 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

## InfoBox

| Polik | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Polik | |
| Coordinates: 51°48′54″N 19°41′26″E / 51.81500°N 19.69056°E / 51.81500; 19.69056 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Łódź |
| County | Brzeziny |
| Gmina | Gmina Brzeziny |


title: Vicki Chong

abstract: Vicki Chong is a former association football player who represented New Zealand at international level. Chong made a single appearance for Football Ferns in a 0–1 loss to Russia on 28 August 1994.

text:
# Vicki Chong

**Vicki Chong** is a former association football player who represented New Zealand at international level.

Chong made a single appearance for Football Ferns in a 0–1 loss to Russia on 28 August 1994.

## InfoBox

Vicki Chong
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Vicki Chong | | |
| International career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1994 | New Zealand | 1 | (0) |


title: WTID

abstract:
WTID may refer to:
  - WTID (FM), a radio station licensed to serve Graceville, Florida
  - WTOT (AM), a radio station licensed to serve Marianna, Florida, United States, which held the call sign WTID in 2020
  - WFMA (FM), a radio station licensed to serve Marion, Alabama, United States, which held the call sign WTID from 2018 to 2019
  - WTID, a defunct radio station formerly licensed to serve Thomaston, Alabama
  - WTID, a group of musicians

text:
# WTID

**WTID** may refer to:

* WTID (FM), a radio station (101.7 FM) licensed to serve Graceville, Florida
* WTOT (AM), a radio station (980 AM) licensed to serve Marianna, Florida, United States, which held the call sign WTID in 2020
* WFMA (FM), a radio station (102.9 FM) licensed to serve Marion, Alabama, United States, which held the call sign WTID from 2018 to 2019
* WTID (Thomaston, Alabama), a defunct radio station (103.9 FM) formerly licensed to serve Thomaston, Alabama
* WTID (Wir Tanzen Im Dreieck), a group of musicians


title: Mike Reidy

abstract: Michael Andrew Reidy is an American soccer player.

text:
# Mike Reidy

**Michael Andrew Reidy** (born April 2, 1991) is an American soccer player.

## Career

### College

Reidy played college soccer at Colgate University between 2009 and 2012.

During his senior year, Reidy also played for FC Buffalo in the National Premier Soccer League.

### Professional

Reidy was selected in the fourth round (71st overall) by Sporting Kansas City in the 2013 MLS Supplemental Draft. However, he did not earn a contract with the Major League Soccer club.

Reidy signed his first professional contract in March, 2013 with his home-town club Rochester Rhinos of the USL Pro.

## InfoBox

Mike Reidy
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Michael Andrew Reidy | | |
| Date of birth | (1991-04-02) April 2, 1991 | | |
| Place of birth | Rochester, New York, United States | | |
| Height | 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Attacking midfielder, winger | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 2009–2012 | Colgate Raiders | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2012 | FC Buffalo | 14 | (8) |
| 2013 | Rochester Rhinos | 20 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of July 15, 2013 | | | |


title: 1921 Gotha state election

abstract: The 1921 Gotha state election was held on 6 March 1921 to elect the 15 members of the Landtag of Gotha.

text:
# 1921 Gotha state election

The **1921 Gotha state election** was held on 6 March 1921 to elect the 15 members of the Landtag of Gotha.

## Results

| Party | | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Heimatbund | 42,072 | 52.27 | 8 | –New |
|  | Communist Party of Germany | 25,582 | 31.78 | 5 | New |
|  | Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany | 8,493 | 10.55 | 1 | –8 |
|  | Social Democratic Party of Germany | 4,349 | 5.40 | 1 | +1 |
| Total | | 80,496 | 100.00 | 15 | –4 |
|  | | | | | |
| Source: Elections in the Weimar Republic | | | | | |


title: Lovin' Is Really My Game

abstract: "Lovin' Is Really My Game" is a 1977 song by American group Brainstorm, and is the lead single from their debut album Stormin'. The song was written by lead singer, Belita Woods along with Trenita Womack "Bongo Lady Way". The extended version of the song was released as a vinyl 7" single in two parts; A-side part 1 and B-side part 2. "Lovin' Is Really My Game" peaked at number fourteen on both the Billboard Disco Play chart, and Hot Soul chart.

text:
# Lovin' Is Really My Game

"**Lovin' Is Really My Game**" is a 1977 song by American group Brainstorm, and is the lead single from their debut album *Stormin'*. The song was written by lead singer, Belita Woods along with Trenita Womack "Bongo Lady Way".

The extended version of the song was released as a vinyl 7" single in two parts; A-side part 1 and B-side part 2. "Lovin' Is Really My Game" peaked at number fourteen on both the *Billboard* Disco Play chart, and Hot Soul chart.

## Charts

### Weekly charts

| Chart (1977) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard* Hot Soul Singles | 14 |
| US *Billboard* Hot Dance Club Play | 14 |

## Cover versions

* In 1978, Betty Wright recorded a cover which is included on her album *Betty Wright, Live*.
* In 1984, dance music performer Zino made the top 30 on the dance chart with her recording.
* In 1984, disco singer Sylvester also covered the song on his album *M-1015*.
* In 2000, Ann Nesby went to number one on the dance chart for one week with her recording.

## InfoBox

| "Lovin' Is Really My Game" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Brainstorm | |
| from the album  *Stormin'* | |
| B-side | "Stormin'" |
| Released | 1977 |
| Recorded | 1977 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 7:39 (12")
3:00 (7")
3:45 (7") |
| Label | Tabu Records |
| Songwriter(s) | Trenita Womack "Bongo Lady Way", Belita Woods |
| Producer(s) | Jerry Peters |


title: Walter Hinck

abstract: Walter Hinck was a German Germanist and writer. He was professor of German literature at the University of Cologne from 1964 to 1987.

text:
# Walter Hinck

**Walter Hinck** (8 March 1922 – 21 August 2015) was a German Germanist and writer. He was professor of German literature at the University of Cologne from 1964 to 1987.

## Life and career

Born in Selsingen, Hinck served in the Wehrmacht after his Abitur in 1940 and was a prisoner of war until 1950. In 1956 Hinck earned his doctorate at the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen with the dissertation "Die Dramaturgie des späten Brecht" (The Dramaturgy of the Late Brecht) and worked there from 1957 to 1962 as scientific assistant at the Seminar for German philology. In 1962 he moved to the Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel as an assistant, where he obtained his habilitation in 1964.

From 1964 to 1987 he was Professor of Modern German Language and Literature at the University of Cologne. His work focused on German drama from the 18th to the 20th century, and contemporary poetry. He was a member of the PEN Centre Germany and since 1974 a member of the North Rhine-Westphalian Academy of Sciences, Humanities and the Arts. He was a corresponding member since 2009. Hinck wrote a large number of essays as well as narrative literature.

From 1965 to 2010 he lived with his wife in Rösrath. Since 2010 they lived in Landau in Landau in der Pfalz. He was awarded the Kassel Literary Prize (1992) and the prize of the Frankfurter Anthologie (2003).

Hinck died in Landau at age 92.

## Publications

* *Das moderne Drama in Deutschland*. Göttingen 1973, ISBN 3-525-01204-7.
* *Das Gedicht als Spiegel der Dichter. Zur Geschichte des deutschen poetologischen Gedichts*. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1985, ISBN 3-531-07273-0.
* *Germanistik als Literaturkritik. Zur Gegenwartsliteratur*. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 1988, ISBN 3-518-37385-4.
* *Die Wunde Deutschland. Heinrich Heines Dichtung im Widerstreit von Nationalidee, Judentum und Antisemitismus*. Frankfurt am Main 1990, ISBN 3-458-16117-1.
* *Theater der Hoffnung. Von der Aufklärung bis zur Gegenwart*. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 1991, ISBN 3-518-37995-X.
* *Walter Jens Un homme de lettres. Zum 70. Geburtstag*. Kindler, 1993, ISBN 3-463-40171-1.
* *Magie und Tagtraum: Das Selbstbild des Dichters in der deutschen Lyrik*. Insel Verlag, 1994, ISBN 3-458-16650-5.
* *Geschichtsdichtung*. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1995, ISBN 3-525-01357-4.
* *Das moderne Drama in Deutschland. Vom expressionistischen zum dokumentarischen Theater*. Vandenhoeck + Ruprecht, 1997, ISBN 3-525-01204-7.
* *Die Dramaturgie des späten Brecht*. (Palaestra. 229). Vandenhoeck + Ruprecht, 1997, ISBN 3-525-20537-6.
* *Im Wechsel der Zeiten. Leben und Literatur*. Bouvier, 1998, ISBN 3-416-02804-X.
* *Stationen der deutschen Lyrik. Von Luther bis in die Gegenwart*. Göttingen 2000.
* als Hrsg.: *Jahrhundertchronik. Deutsche Erzählungen des 20. Jahrhunderts*. Philipp Reclam jun., Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-15-050030-3.
* *Goethe – Mann des Theaters*. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2002, ISBN 3-525-33478-8.
* *Selbstannäherungen. Autobiographien im 20. Jahrhundert von Elias Canetti bis Marcel Reich-Ranicki*. Artemis & Winkler, Düsseldorf/ Zürich 2004. (Auch als Lizenzausgabe für die Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft)
* *Roman-Chronik des 20. Jahrhunderts. Eine bewegte Zeit im Spiegel der Literatur*. DuMont, Cologne 2006, ISBN 3-8321-7984-4.
* *Wahrnehmung des Lebens: Vom Schreiben im Nebenberuf*. Bouvier, Bonn 2008, ISBN 978-3-416-03177-6.
* *Jahrgang 1922*. Biographische Skizzen. Bouvier, Bonn 2011, ISBN 978-3-416-03345-9.
* *Die letzten Tage in Berlin*. Drei Erzählungen, postface by Ulla Hahn. Bouvier, Bonn 2011, ISBN 978-3-416-03346-6.
* *Gesang der Verbannten. Deutschsprachige Exillyrik von Ulrich von Hutten bis Bertolt Brecht*. Reclam, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-15-010835-2.
* *Wenn aus Liebesversen Elegien werden. Über verlorene Illusionen. Zehn Erzählungen*. Bouvier, Bonn 2015, ISBN 978-3-416-03381-7.

## Further reading

* Matthias Buth: *Hoffnungsthal-Poesie – Ein Essay. Walter Hinck zum 90. Geburtstag – Er lebte 45 Jahre an der Sülz*. In *Rheinisch-Bergischer Kalender* 83 (2013), p. 160–163.
* Hartmut Steinecke: *Nachruf auf Walter Hinck in der Sitzung der Klasse für Geisteswissenschaften am 10. Februar 2016*. In *Jahrbuch Nordrhein-Westfälische Akademie der Wissenschaften* (2017), p. 101–105 (online)

## InfoBox

| Walter Hinck | |
| --- | --- |
| Hinck in 2013 | |
| Born | 8 March 1922
Selsingen, Nether saxony, Germany |
| Died | 21 August 2015
Landau, Rhineland Palatinate, Germany |
| Nationality | German |
| Occupation(s) | Germanist and writer |
| Years active | 1964–1987 (professor) |


title: Vicious (Nasty Idols album)

abstract: Vicious is Nasty Idols third album release after 1991's Cruel Intention. The album was re-released in 2002 as the band's original label (HSM) had gone bankrupt in 1994.

text:
# Vicious (Nasty Idols album)

***Vicious*** is Nasty Idols third album release after 1991's *Cruel Intention*. The album was re-released in 2002 as the band's original label (HSM) had gone bankrupt in 1994.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Head's Down (In Tinseltown)" | 4:02 |
| 2. | "Hellhouse" | 3:12 |
| 3. | "Dance Of The Wicked" | 3:30 |
| 4. | "Ain't Got Nothing" | 3:48 |
| 5. | "R.I.P." | 4:01 |
| 6. | "Pretty Cut Wild" | 3:17 |
| 7. | "Blackshot" | 5:21 |
| 8. | "No Time" | 3:05 |
| 9. | "Killing Stuff" | 3:14 |
| 10. | "Do Ya' Want Another" | 4:21 |
| 11. | "Hellout Shakeout" | 3:32 |
| 12. | "Electric Wonderland" | 4:47 |
| 13. | "Over N' Gone" | 3:59 |

### Bonus tracks

1. "Hurt Me" -Only on 2002 reissue-
2. "Forest Of Cries" -Only on 2002 reissue-

## Personnel

* Andy Pierce - Vocals
* Peter Espinoza - Lead Guitar
* Dick Qwarfort - Bass
* Stanley - Drums

## InfoBox

| Vicious | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Nasty Idols | |
| Released | 1993 |
| Genre | Hard rock |
| Label | *HSM Records*/CBS Records |
| Producer | *Berno Paulsson*/*Andy Pierce* |
| Nasty Idols chronology | |
| *Cruel Intention*
(1991) ***Vicious***
(1993) *Heroes for Sale*
(2002) | |


title: Micrasterias furcata

abstract: Micrasterias furcata is a species of unicellular desmid which inhabits freshwater areas. M. furcata is round, flattened and lobed in body plan.

text:
# Micrasterias furcata

***Micrasterias furcata*** is a species of unicellular desmid which inhabits freshwater areas. *M. furcata* is round, flattened and lobed in body plan.

## Description

*M. furcata* generally has a sphere-like body shape, with five lobes on each side, all 10 of the lobes divide into two other much smaller lobes which makes one side of *M. furcata* have 15 lobes (while also including those which divide into smaller lobes).

Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. "*Micrasterias furcata*". *AlgaeBase*. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.

## InfoBox

| *Micrasterias furcata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| *Clade*: | Viridiplantae |
| (unranked): | Charophyta |
| Class: | Zygnematophyceae |
| Order: | Desmidiales |
| Family: | Desmidiaceae |
| Genus: | *Micrasterias* |
| Species: | ***M. furcata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Micrasterias furcata***<br>(C.Agardh) ex Ralfs | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Vicious Delite

abstract: Vicious Delite was an alternative metal band formed by Stephen Pearcy in 1995 after Arcade disbanded. Completing the line-up were Tony Marcus, Michael Andrews and Rob Karras. Mike Duda later replaced Andrews on bass guitar. Rob Karras, also formerly of the Bulletboys, died in 2012. They released a limited self-titled EP, followed by a full-length album in 1995. The band disbanded after Pearcy reunited with Ratt the following year.

text:
# Vicious Delite

**Vicious Delite** was an alternative metal band formed by Stephen Pearcy in 1995 after Arcade disbanded. Completing the line-up were Tony Marcus, Michael Andrews (both formerly from Arcade) and Rob Karras. Mike Duda (of W.A.S.P.) later replaced Andrews on bass guitar. Rob Karras, also formerly of the Bulletboys, died in 2012.

They released a limited self-titled EP, followed by a full-length album in 1995. The band disbanded after Pearcy reunited with Ratt the following year.

## Discography

## InfoBox

| Vicious Delite | |
| --- | --- |
| Genres | Alternative metal |
| Years active | 1995 |
| Labels | Triple X |
|  | |
| Past members |  |


title: Music for Millions

abstract: Music for Millions is a 1944 musical comedy film directed by Henry Koster and starring Margaret O'Brien, José Iturbi, Jimmy Durante, June Allyson, Marsha Hunt, Hugh Herbert, Harry Davenport, and Marie Wilson. It was nominated for an Oscar for Best Original Screenplay in 1946.

text:
# Music for Millions

***Music for Millions*** is a 1944 musical comedy film directed by Henry Koster and starring Margaret O'Brien, José Iturbi, Jimmy Durante, June Allyson, Marsha Hunt, Hugh Herbert, Harry Davenport, and Marie Wilson. It was nominated for an Oscar for Best Original Screenplay in 1946.

## Plot

"Mike", age 6, arrives in New York to stay with her pregnant older sister Barbara Ainsworth, who lives together with a group of young women, her co-players in a symphony orchestra. As the orchestra prepares to go on a tour of army camps, a telegram is received informing them of the death of Barbara's soldier husband in the Pacific war theater. The girls decide to keep the tragic news from her until after her baby is born. The orchestra is shown playing several classical standards before various military audiences. The talented Iturbi variously conducts the group as well as effortlessly plays difficult piano pieces, while Durante sings comically and acts as a grandfather figure to Mike. In a surprise ending, shortly before giving birth, Barbara receives a letter from her husband saying he is in good spirits and convalescing in a military hospital.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

## Reception

According to MGM records, the film earned $2,341,000 in the US and Canada and $1,504,000 elsewhere, resulting in a profit of $824,000.

## InfoBox

| Music for Millions | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Henry Koster |
| Written by | Myles Connolly |
| Produced by | Joe Pasternak |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Robert Surtees |
| Edited by | Douglass Biggs |
| Music by | Michel Michelet |
| Production<br>company | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer |
| Distributed by | Loew's Inc. |
| Release date | * December 18, 1944 (1944-12-18) |
| Running time | 115 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $1,744,000 |
| Box office | $3,845,000 |


title: WXW Ultimate Heavyweight Championship

abstract: The WXW Ultimate Heavyweight Championship is a professional wrestling championship in the American independent professional wrestling promotion World Xtreme Wrestling. Lance Anoa'i is the current champion in his second reign, he beat Bo Nekoda on July 12, 2015 at a WXW house show for the championship. There have been 18 WXW Ultimate Heavyweight Championship reigns and 13 total champions with one vacancy.

text:
# WXW Ultimate Heavyweight Championship

The **WXW Ultimate Heavyweight Championship** is a professional wrestling championship in the American independent professional wrestling promotion World Xtreme Wrestling. Lance Anoa'i is the current champion in his second reign, he beat Bo Nekoda on July 12, 2015 at a WXW house show for the championship. There have been 18 WXW Ultimate Heavyweight Championship reigns and 13 total champions with one vacancy.

## Title history

Key

| **#** | Order in reign history |
| --- | --- |
| **Reign** | The reign number for the specific set of wrestlers listed |
| **Location** | The city in which the title was won |
| **Event** | The event in which the title was won |
|  | Used for vacated reigns so as not to count it as an official reign |
| **+** | Indicates the current reign is changing daily |

As of September 27, 2024.

| # | Wrestler | Reign | Date | Days held | Location | Event | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Sugaa | 1 | May 3, 2008 | 13 | Coplay, PA | *WXW C4 #1 - Debut Show* | Sugaa and Billy Dream co-win a battle royal to crown the inaugural champion. Sugaa then pins Dream. |
| 2 | Tommy Suede | 1 | May 16, 2008 | 82 | Coplay, PA | *WXW C4 #2* |  |
| 3 | Sugaa | 2 | June 6, 2008 | 48 | Coplay, PA | *WXW C4 #3* |  |
| 4 | Billy Dream | 1 | July 24, 2008 | 317 | Allentown, PA | *WXW Sporfest 2008* | This was a Triple Threat Match also involving Tommy Suede. Dream pinned Suede. |
| 5 | Eric Cobian | 1 | June 6, 2009 | 154 | Allentown, PA | N/A | Won the Championship in a Go For the Gold match. |
| 6 | AC Anderson | 1 | November 7, 2009 | 225 | Allentown, PA | *WXW C4 Blast TV Taping* |  |
| 7 | Eric Cobian | 2 | June 20, 2010 | 286 | Tamaqua, PA | *WXW C4* | This was a No Disqualifications match. |
| 8 | Eddie Guapo | 1 | April 2, 2011 | 106 | Allentown, PA | *WXW C4 International Assault* | Afa Anoa'i Jr. was special guest referee. |
| 9 | Eric Cobian | 3 | July 17, 2011 | 20 | Allentown, PA | *WXW C4 Sportsfest* |  |
| 10 | Afa Anoa'i Jr. | 1 | August 6, 2011 | 91 | Allentown, PA | *WXW C4* | This was a Triple Threat Match also involving Eddie Guapo. Afa Jr. pinned Guapo. |
| 11 | Nui Tofiga | 1 | November 5, 2011 | 105 | Allentown, PA | *WXW C4* | This was a Fatal 4-Way Match also involving Eddie Guapo and Eric Cobian. |
| 12 | Afa Anoa'i Jr. | 2 | February 18, 2012 | 62 | Allentown, PA | *WXW C4/BCFW* | This was a No Disqualification Match. |
| 13 | Gene Snitsky | 1 | April 20, 2012 | 197 | Wind Gap, PA | *WXW C4* | This was a Falls Count Anywhere match. |
| - | Vacated | - | November 3, 2012 | - | - | - | - |
| 14 | Joe Gomez | 1 | November 3, 2012 | 260 | Allentown, PA | *WXW C4 Go 4 The Gold* | Defeated Danny Maff to win the vacant title. |
| 15 | Dan Maff | 1 | July 21, 2013 | 104 | Allentown, PA | *WXW C4 Sportfest 2013* |  |
| 16 | Lance Anoa'i | 1 | November 2, 2013 | 310 | Allentown, PA | *WXW C4 Final Conflict* | This was a No Disqualification Match. |
| 17 | Bo Nekoda | 1 | September 8, 2014 | 307 | Allentown, PA | *WXW C4 When Kharma Calls* | This was a No Disqualification Match. |
| 18 | Lance Anoa'i | 1 | July 12, 2015 | 3,365+ | Allentown, PA | *House show* |  |

## List of combined reigns

| Symbol | Meaning |
| --- | --- |
|  | Indicates the current champion. |
| \<1 | The reign is shorter than one day. |
|

As of September 27, 2024.

| Rank | Wrestler | Combined<br>reigns | Combined days |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Lance Anoa'i | 2 | 3,675+ |
| 2 | Eric Cobian | 3 | 460 |
| 3 | Billy Dream | 1 | 317 |
| 4 | Bo Nekoda | 1 | 309 |
| 5 | Joe Gomez | 1 | 260 |
| 6 | AC Anderson | 1 | 225 |
| 7 | Gene Snitsky | 1 | 197 |
| 8 | Afa Anoa'i Jr. | 2 | 153 |
| 9 | Eddie Guapo | 1 | 106 |
| 10 | Nui Tofiga | 1 | 105 |
| 11 | Dan Maff | 1 | 104 |
| 12 | Tommy Suede | 1 | 82 |
| 13 | Sugaa | 2 | 61 |
|

## InfoBox

| WXW Ultimate Heavyweight Championship | |
| --- | --- |
| Details | |
| Promotion | World Xtreme Wrestling |
| Date established | May 3, 2008 |
| Current champion(s) | Lance Anoa'i |
| Date won | July 12, 2015 |
| Other name(s) | |
| WXW C4 Ultimate Heavyweight Championship | |
| Statistics  First champion(s) Sugaa  Most reigns Eric Cobian (3 reigns)  Longest reign Billy Dream (317 days)  Shortest reign Sugaa (13 days) | |


title: Military operation

abstract: A military operation (op) is the coordinated military actions of a state, or a non-state actor, in response to a developing situation. These actions are designed as a military plan to resolve the situation in the state or actor's favor. Operations may be of a combat or non-combat nature and may be referred to by a code name for the purpose of national security. Military operations are often known for their more generally accepted common usage names than their actual operational objectives.

text:
# Military operation

A **military operation** (**op**) is the coordinated military actions of a state, or a non-state actor, in response to a developing situation. These actions are designed as a military plan to resolve the situation in the state or actor's favor. Operations may be of a combat or non-combat nature and may be referred to by a code name for the purpose of national security. Military operations are often known for their more generally accepted common usage names than their actual operational objectives.

## Types of military operations

Military operations can be classified by the scale and scope of force employment, and their impact on the wider conflict. The scope of military operations can be:

* Theater: this describes an operation over a large, often continental, area of operation and represents a strategic national commitment to the conflict, such as Operation Barbarossa, with general goals that encompass areas of consideration outside the military, such as the economic and political impact of military goals on areas concerned.
* Campaign: this describes either a subset of the theatre of operation, or a more limited geographic and operational strategic commitment, such as the Battle of Britain, and need not represent total national commitment to a conflict, or have broader goals outside the military impact.
* Battle: this describes a subset of a campaign that will have specific military goals and geographic objectives, as well as clearly defined use of forces, such as the Battle of Gallipoli, which operationally was a combined arms operation originally known as the "Dardanelles landings" as part of the Dardanelles Campaign, where about 480,000 Allied troops took part.
* Engagement: this describes a tactical combat event or contest for a specific area or objective by actions of distinct units. For example, the Battle of Kursk, also known from its German designation as Operation Citadel, included many separate engagements, several of which were combined into the Battle of Prokhorovka. The Battle of Kursk, in addition to describing the initial German offensive operation, also included two Soviet counter-offensive operations: Operation Kutuzov and Operation Polkovodets Rumyantsev.
* Strike: this describes a single attack, upon a specified target. This often forms part of a broader engagement. Strikes have an explicit goal, such as rendering facilities such as airports inoperable, assassinating enemy leaders, or limiting the delivery of supplies to enemy troops.

## Definition

> Parallel to and reflecting this framework for operations are organized elements within the armed forces which prepare for and conduct operations at various levels of war. While there is a general correlation between the size of units, the area within which they operate, and the scope of mission they perform, the correlation is not absolute. In fact, it is ultimately the mission that a unit performs that determines the level of war within which it operates.
>
> David M. Glantz, *Soviet Military Operational Art*

## Operational level of war

The operational level of war occupies roughly the middle ground between the campaign's strategic focus and the tactics of an engagement. It describes "a distinct intermediate level of war between military strategy, governing war in general, and tactics, involving individual battles". For example, during World War II, the concept applied to use of Soviet Tank Armies.

* Armstrong, Richard N. *Red Army Tank Commanders: The Armored Guards*. Atglen, Penn.: Schiffer Military History, 1994. ISBN 0-88740-581-9.
* Glantz, David M. *Soviet Military Operational Art: In Pursuit of Deep Battle*. London: Frank Cass, 1991. ISBN 0-7146-3362-3, ISBN 0-7146-4077-8.


title: 1928 Detroit Stars season

abstract:
The 1928 Detroit Stars baseball team competed in the Negro National League during the 1928 baseball season. The team lost to the St. Louis Stars in the race for the Negro National League pennant. In games for which newspaper accounts have been found, the team compiled a 52–26 (.667) record. The Stars played their home games at Mack Park in Detroit. The team was owned by John A. Roesink and led by player-manager Bingo DeMoss. The Stars led the Negro National League in attendance. On the field, the team was led by several players:
  - Center fielder Turkey Stearnes compiled a.322 batting average and a.640 slugging percentage in 82 games. He also led the Negro National League with a career-high 24 home runs. In 2000, Stearnes was posthumously inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.
  - First baseman Ed Rile compiled a.350 batting average and.513 slugging percentage.
  - Third baseman Claude Johnson compiled a.329 batting average and.401 on-base percentage.
  - Right fielder Cristóbal Torriente, a 35-year-old veteran from Cuba, compiled a.322 batting average. In addition to playing in the outfield, Torriente also appeared in 14 games as a pitcher, compiling a 6–2 record. He was posthumously inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006.
  - George Mitchell led the pitching staff with a 13–9 win–loss record with 57 strikeouts in 151-2/3 innings pitched.

text:
# 1928 Detroit Stars season

The **1928 Detroit Stars baseball team** competed in the Negro National League during the 1928 baseball season. The team lost to the St. Louis Stars in the race for the Negro National League pennant. In games for which newspaper accounts have been found, the team compiled a 52–26 (.667) record.

The Stars played their home games at Mack Park in Detroit. The team was owned by John A. Roesink and led by player-manager Bingo DeMoss. The Stars led the Negro National League in attendance.

On the field, the team was led by several players:

* Center fielder Turkey Stearnes compiled a .322 batting average and a .640 slugging percentage in 82 games. He also led the Negro National League with a career-high 24 home runs. In 2000, Stearnes was posthumously inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.
* First baseman Ed Rile compiled a .350 batting average and .513 slugging percentage.
* Third baseman Claude Johnson compiled a .329 batting average and .401 on-base percentage.
* Right fielder Cristóbal Torriente, a 35-year-old veteran from Cuba, compiled a .322 batting average. In addition to playing in the outfield, Torriente also appeared in 14 games as a pitcher, compiling a 6–2 record. He was posthumously inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006.
* George Mitchell led the pitching staff with a 13–9 win–loss record with 57 strikeouts in 151-2/3 innings pitched.

## Roster

| Name | Image | Position | Height | Weight | Bats/Throws | Place of birth | Year of birth |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Reuben Currie |  | P | 6'1" | 195 | Right/Right | Kansas City, MO | 1898 |
| Albert Davis |  | P |  |  | /Right |  |  |
| Bingo DeMoss |  | 2B | 5'11" | 180 | Right/Right | Topeka, Kansas | 1889 |
| Halley Harding |  | SS | 5'9" | 180 | Both/Right | Wichita, Kansas | 1904 |
| Claude Johnson |  | 3B | 5'6" | 165 | Right/Right | Youngstown, Ohio | 1894 |
| Wade Johnston |  | LF | 5'7" | 142 | Left/Left | Middleport, Ohio | 1898 |
| Jack Marshall |  | P | 5'9" | 167 | Right/Right | Carrollton, Missouri | 1893 |
| Stack Martin |  | C | 6'1" | 182 | /Right | Cairo, Illinois | 1899 |
| Hurley McNair |  | RF | 5'6" | 150 | Left/Left | Marshall, Texas | 1888 |
| George Mitchell |  | P | 6'3" | 202 | Right/Right | Sparta, Illinois | 1900 |
| Grady Orange |  | SS |  |  | /Right | Terrell, Texas | 1900 |
| Ted Radcliffe |  | C | 5'10" | 186 | Right/Right | Mobile, Alabama | 1902 |
| Ed Rile |  | 1B | 6'2" | 210 | Left/Right | Columbus, Ohio | 1900 |
| Ted Shaw |  | P | 5'8" | 190 | Right/Left | Monrovia, California | 1906 |
| Turkey Stearnes |  | CF | 6'1" | 185 | Left/Left | Nashville, Tennessee | 1901 |
| Cristóbal Torriente |  | RF | 5'10" | 190 | Left/Left | Cienfuegos, Cuba | 1893 |

## Game log

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| April 28 | Cleveland Tigers | Cleveland | W 16–8 |  |
| April 29 | Cleveland Tigers | Cleveland | L 9–10 |  |
| May 5 | Cleveland Tigers | Mack Park, Detroit | W 8–5 |  |
| May 6 | Cleveland Tigers | Mack Park, Detroit | W 11–4 |  |
| May 7 | Cleveland Tigers | Mack Park, Detroit | L 9–13 |  |
| May 7 | Cleveland Tigers | Mack Park, Detroit | W 4–1 |  |
| May 8 | Cleveland Tigers | Mack Park, Detroit | L 7–9 |  |
| May 9 | Lansing Olds | Lansing, Michigan | W 10–4 |  |
| May 10 | Grand Rapids Colored Giants | Grand Rapids, Michigan | W 6–3 |  |
| May 11 | Grand Rapids Colored Giants | Grand Rapids, Michigan | W 12–7 |  |
| May 12 | Chicago American Giants | Chicago | W 5–3 |  |
| May 13 | Chicago American Giants | Chicago | L 4–8 |  |
| May 13 | Chicago American Giants | Chicago | W 1–0 |  |
| May 14 | Chicago American Giants | Chicago | W 2–0 |  |
| May 15 | Chicago American Giants | Chicago | W 6–3 |  |
| May 20 | Kansas City Monarchs | Muehlebach Field, Kansas City, Missouri | W 6–5 |  |
| May 20 | Kansas City Monarchs | Muehlebach Field, Kansas City, Missouri | L 1–9 |  |
| May 2\_ | Kansas City Monarchs | Muehlebach Field, Kansas City, Missouri | W 10–7 |  |
| May 26 | Memphis Red Sox | Memphis, Tennessee | W 12–4 |  |
| May 28 | Birmingham Black Barons | Rickwood Field, Birmingham, Alabama | W 5–4 |  |
| May 29 | Birmingham Balack Barons | Rickwood Field, Birmingham, Alabama | W 7–2 |  |
| May 30 | Birmingham Black Barons | Rickwood Field, Birmingham, Alabama | W 17–6 |  |
| May 30 | Birmingham Black Barons | Rickwood Field, Birmingham, Alabama | W 7–3 |  |
| June 2 | St. Louis Stars | Mack Park, Detroit | W 8–4 |  |
| June 3 | St. Louis Stars | Mack Park, Detroit | W 9–4 |  |
| June 9 | Memphis Red Sox | Mack Park, Detroit | W 3–2 |  |
| June 10 | Memphis Red Sox | Mack Park, Detroit | W 4–3 |  |
| June 11 | Memphis Red Sox | Mack Park, Detroit | W 10–3 |  |
| June 12 | Memphis Red Sox | Mack Park, Detroit | W 7–0 |  |
| June 12 | Memphis Red Sox | Mack Park, Detroit | L 5–13 |  |
| June 16 | Birmingham Black Barons | Mack Park, Detroit | W 11–2 |  |
| June 17 | Birmingham Black Barons | Mack Park, Detroit | W 7–6 |  |
| June 19 | Birmingham Black Barons | Mack Park, Detroit | W 4–3 |  |
| June 23 | Chicago American Giants | Mack Park, Detroit | L 3–8 |  |
| June 24 | Chicago American Giants |  | W 13–5 |  |
| June 30 | Cuban Stars | Mack Park, Detroit | L 2–5 |  |
| July 2 | Cuban Stars | Mack Park, Detroit | W 12–7 |  |
| July 3 | Cuban Stars | Mack Park, Detroit | W 4–3 |  |
| July 4 | Cuban Stars | Mack Park, Detroit | W 7–4 |  |
| July 9 | St. Louis Stars | St. Louis | L 5–14 |  |
| July 10 | St. Louis Stars | St. Louis | W 7–6 |  |
| July 11 | St. Louis Stars | St. Louis | L 5–21 |  |
| July 14 | Chicago American Giants | Mack Park, Detroit | W 5–4 |  |
| July 15 | Chicago American Giants | Mack Park, Detroit | L 2–15 |  |
| July 16 | Chicago American Giants | Mack Park, Detroit | W 15–12 |  |
| July 21 | Kansas City Monarchs | Mack Park, Detroit | W 3–2 |  |
| July 22 | Kansas City Monarchs | Mack Park, Detroit | L 10–12 |  |
| July 23 | Kansas City Monarchs | Mack Park, Detroit | W 7–2 |  |
| July 24 | Kansas City Monarchs | Mack Park, Detroit | L 3–12 |  |
| July 24 | Kansas City Monarchs | Mack Park, Detroit | W 6–2 |  |
| July 25 | Kelloggs | Battle Creek, Michigan | W 16–15 |  |
| July 28 | St. Louis Stars | Mack Park, Detroit | W 9–3 |  |
| July 29 | St. Louis Stars | Mack Park, Detroit | L 3–6 |  |
| July 30 | St. Louis Stars | Mack Park, Detroit | L 7–8 |  |
| August 4 | Cuban Stars | Mack Park, Detroit | W 5–3 |  |
| August 7 | Cuban Stars | Mack Park, Detroit | W 2–1 |  |
| August 7 | Cuban Stars | Mack Park, Detroit | W 9–0 |  |
| August 11 | Bacharach Giants | Mack Park, Detroit | L 7–9 |  |
| August 12 | Bacharach Giants | Mack Park, Detroit | W 9–2 |  |
| August 20 | Birmingham Black Barons | Rickwood Field, Birmingham, Alabama | L 4–5 |  |
| August 21 | Birmingham Black Barons | Rickwood Field, Birmingham, Alabama | L 2–3 |  |
| August 23 | Birmingham Black Barons | Rickwood Field, Birmingham, Alabama | L 4–5 |  |
| August 23 | Birmingham Black Barons | Rickwood Field, Birmingham, Alabama | L 3–4 |  |
| August 24 | Birmingham Black Barons | Rickwood Field, Birmingham, Alabama | W 12–6 |  |
| August 25 | Chicago American Giants | Chicago | L 4–5 |  |
| August 26 | Chicago American Giants | Chicago | L 3–6 |  |
| August 31 | Chicago American Giants | Chicago | L 3–4 |  |
| September 1 | Cleveland Tigers | Mack Park, Detroit | W 9–4 |  |
| September 2 | Cleveland Tigers | Mack Park, Detroit | W 2–1 |  |
| September 4 | Cleveland Tigers | Cleveland | W 8–4 |  |
| September 4 | Cleveland Tigers | Cleveland | W 5–0 |  |
| September 8 | Birmingham Black Barons | Mack Park, Detroit | W 4–2 |  |
| September 9 | Birmingham Black Barons | Mack Park, Detroit | L 2–4 |  |
| September 9 | Birmingham Black Barons | Mack Park, Detroit | L 2–5 |  |
| September 10 | Birmingham Black Barons | Mack Park, Detroit | W 6–5 |  |
| September 15 | Birmingham Black Barons | Mack Park, Detroit | W 4–1 |  |

## InfoBox

| 1928 Detroit Stars | |
| --- | --- |
| League | Negro National League |
| Ballpark | Mack Park |
| City | Detroit |
| Record | 52–26 (.667) |
| Owners | John A. Roesink |
| Managers | Bingo DeMoss |
|  | |


title: Tripura Legislative Assembly

abstract: The Tripura Legislative Assembly or Tripura Vidhan Sabha is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Tripura, with 60 Members of the Legislative Assembly. The present Assembly is located in Gurkhabasti. Ujjayanta Palace in Agartala served as the previous meeting place. The tenure of the Assembly is five years unless sooner dissolved. The present Assembly is the 13th Legislative Assembly, where the current speaker of the House is Biswa Bandhu Sen since 24 March 2023. On 15 August 1957, a Territorial Council was formed with 30 elected members and two members nominated by the Government of India.

text:
# Tripura Legislative Assembly

The **Tripura Legislative Assembly** or **Tripura Vidhan Sabha** is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Tripura, with 60 Members of the Legislative Assembly. The present Assembly is located in Gurkhabasti. Ujjayanta Palace in Agartala served as the previous meeting place. The tenure of the Assembly is five years unless sooner dissolved. The present Assembly is the 13th Legislative Assembly, where the current speaker of the House is Biswa Bandhu Sen since 24 March 2023. On 15 August 1957, a Territorial Council was formed with 30 elected members and two members nominated by the Government of India.

## Previous Assemblies

The assemblies constituted so far are listed below:

| Assembly | Period |
| --- | --- |
| 1st Assembly | 1 July 1963 to 12 January 1967 |
| 2nd Assembly | 1 March 1967 to 1 November 1971 |
| 3rd Assembly | 20 March 1972 to 5 November 1977 |
| 4th Assembly | 5 January 1978 to 7 January 1983 |
| 5th Assembly | 10 January 1983 to 5 February 1988 |
| 6th Assembly | 5 February 1988 to 28 February 1993 |
| 7th Assembly | 10 April 1993 to 10 March 1998 |
| 8th Assembly | 10 March 1998 to 28 February 2003 |
| 9th Assembly | 4 March 2003 to 3 March 2008 |
| 10th Assembly | 10 March 2008 to 1 March 2013 |
| 11th Assembly | 2 March 2013 to 3 March 2018 |
| 12th Assembly | 4 March 2018 to 12 March 2023 |
| 13th Assembly | 13 March 2023- |

## Members of Legislative Assembly

| District | No. | Constituency | Name | Party | | Alliance | | Remarks |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| West Tripura | 1 | Simna (ST) | Brishaketu Debbarma |  | Tipra Motha Party |  | NDA | Minister of State |
| | 2 | Mohanpur | Ratan Lal Nath |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA | Cabinet Minister |
| | 3 | Bamutia (SC) | Nayan Sarkar |  | Communist Party of India (Marxist) |  |  |  |
| | 4 | Barjala (SC) | Sudip Sarkar |  | Communist Party of India (Marxist) |  |  |  |
| | 5 | Khayerpur | Ratan Chakraborty |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA |  |
| | 6 | Agartala | Sudip Roy Barman |  | Indian National Congress |  |  |  |
| | 7 | Ramnagar | Surajit Datta |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA | Died on 27 December 2023 |
| | | Dipak Majumder | | | | |  |
| | 8 | Town Bordowali | Manik Saha |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA | Chief Minister |
| | 9 | Banamalipur | Gopal Chandra Roy |  | Indian National Congress |  |  |  |
| | 10 | Majlishpur | Sushanta Chowdhury |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA | Cabinet Minister |
| | 11 | Mandaibazar (ST) | Swapna Debbarma |  | Tipra Motha Party |  | NDA |  |
| Sipahijala | 12 | Takarjala (ST) | Biswajit Kalai |  | Tipra Motha Party |  | NDA |  |
| West Tripura | 13 | Pratapgarh (SC) | Ramu Das |  | Communist Party of India (Marxist) |  |  |  |
| | 14 | Badharghat (SC) | Mina Rani Sarkar |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA |  |
| Sipahijala | 15 | Kamalasagar | Antara Sarkar Deb |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA |  |
| | 16 | Bishalgarh | Sushanta Deb |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA |  |
| | 17 | Golaghati (ST) | Manab Debbarma |  | Tipra Motha Party |  | NDA |  |
| West Tripura | 18 | Suryamaninagar | Ram Prasad Paul |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA |  |
| Sipahijala | 19 | Charilam (ST) | Subodh Deb Barma |  | Tipra Motha Party |  | NDA |  |
| | 20 | Boxanagar | Samsul Hoque |  | Communist Party of India (Marxist) |  |  | Died on 19 July 2023 |
| | | Tafajjal Hossain |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA | Elected in September 2023 by-election |
| | 21 | Nalchar (SC) | Kishor Barman |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA |  |
| | 22 | Sonamura | Shyamal Chakraborty |  | Communist Party of India (Marxist) |  |  |  |
| | 23 | Dhanpur | Pratima Bhoumik |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA | Resigned on 15 March 2023 |
| | | Bindu Debnath | | |  |  | Elected in September 2023 by-election |
| Khowai | 24 | Ramchandraghat (ST) | Ranjit Debbarma |  | Tipra Motha Party |  | NDA |  |
| | 25 | Khowai | Nirmal Biswas |  | Communist Party of India (Marxist) |  |  |  |
| | 26 | Asharambari (ST) | Animesh Debbarma |  | Tipra Motha Party |  | NDA | Cabinet Minister |
| | 27 | Kalyanpur-Pramodenagar | Pinaki Das Chowdhury |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA |  |
| | 28 | Teliamura | Kalyani Saha Roy |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA |  |
| | 29 | Krishnapur (ST) | Bikash Debbarma |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  |  | Cabinet Minister |
| Gomati | 30 | Bagma (ST) | Ram Pada Jamatia |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA |  |
| | 31 | Radhakishorpur | Pranjit Singha Roy |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA | Cabinet Minister |
| | 32 | Matarbari | Abhishek Debroy |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA |  |
| | 33 | Kakraban-Salgarh (SC) | Jitendra Majumder |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA |  |
| South Tripura | 34 | Rajnagar (SC) | Swapna Majumder |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA |  |
| | 35 | Belonia | Dipankar Sen |  | Communist Party of India (Marxist) |  |  |  |
| | 36 | Santirbazar (ST) | Pramod Reang |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA |  |
| | 37 | Hrishyamukh | Asoke Chandra Mitra |  | Communist Party of India (Marxist) |  |  |  |
| | 38 | Jolaibari (ST) | Sukla Charan Noatia |  | Indigenous People's Front of Tripura |  | NDA | Cabinet Minister |
| | 39 | Manu (ST) | Mailafru Mog |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA |  |
| | 40 | Sabroom | Jitendra Chaudhury |  | Communist Party of India (Marxist) |  |  | Leader of Opposition |
| Gomati | 41 | Ampinagar (ST) | Pathan Lal Jamatia |  | Tipra Motha Party |  | NDA |  |
| | 42 | Amarpur | Ranjit Das |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA |  |
| | 43 | Karbook (ST) | Sanjoy Manik Tripura |  | Tipra Motha Party |  | NDA |  |
| Dhalai | 44 | Raima Valley (ST) | Nandita Debbarma (Reang) |  | Tipra Motha Party |  | NDA |  |
| | 45 | Kamalpur | Manoj Kanti Deb |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA |  |
| | 46 | Surma (SC) | Swapna Das Paul |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA |  |
| | 47 | Ambassa (ST) | Chitta Ranjan Debbarma |  | Tipra Motha Party |  | NDA |  |
| | 48 | Karamcherra (ST) | Paul Dangshu |  | Tipra Motha Party |  | NDA |  |
| | 49 | Chawamanu (ST) | Sambhu Lal Chakma |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA |  |
| Unakoti | 50 | Pabiachhara (SC) | Bhagaban Das |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA |  |
| | 51 | Fatikroy (SC) | Sudhangshu Das |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA | Cabinet Minister |
| | 52 | Chandipur | Tinku Roy |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA | Cabinet Minister |
| | 53 | Kailashahar | Birajit Sinha |  | Indian National Congress |  |  |  |
| North Tripura | 54 | Kadamtala-Kurti | Islam Uddin |  | Communist Party of India (Marxist) |  |  |  |
| | 55 | Bagbassa | Jadab Lal Debnath |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA |  |
| | 56 | Dharmanagar | Biswa Bandhu Sen |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA | Speaker |
| | 57 | Jubarajnagar | Sailendra Chandra Nath |  | Communist Party of India (Marxist) |  |  |  |
| | 58 | Panisagar | Binay Bhushan Das |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA |  |
| | 59 | Pencharthal (ST) | Santana Chakma |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  | NDA | Cabinet Minister |
| | 60 | Kanchanpur (ST) | Philip Kumar Reang |  | Tipra Motha Party |  | NDA |  |

## InfoBox

| Tripura Legislative Assembly | |
| --- | --- |
| 13th Tripura Assembly | |
|  | |
| Type | |
| Type | Unicameral |
| Term limits | 5 years |
| Established | 1963 |
| Leadership | |
| Governor of Tripura | Indrasena Reddy |
| Speaker | Biswa Bandhu Sen, BJP
since 24 March 2023 |
| Deputy Speaker | Ram Prasad Paul, BJP
since 28 March 2023 |
| Leader of the House
(Chief Minister) | Manik Saha, BJP
since 15 May 2022 |
| Leader of the Opposition | Jitendra Chaudhury, CPI(M)
since 6 March 2024 |
| Structure | |
| Seats | **60** |
|  | |
| Political groups | **Government (47)**   NDA (47)  **Official Opposition (13)**
INDIA (13) |
| Elections | |
| Voting system | First past the post |
| Last election | 16 February 2023 |
| Next election | 2028 |
| Meeting place | |
|  | |
| Tripura Vidhan Sabha, Agartala | |
| Website | |
| Tripura Legislative Assembly | |


title: Meri Adalat

abstract: Meri Adalat is a 1984 Hindi film directed by A. T. Raghu. The film was a revenge drama featuring Rajinikanth in the lead, supported by Zeenat Aman, Mohnish Behl, Sonia Sahni and Komal Mahuakar. The movie was dubbed in Tamil as Veetukku Oru Nallavan, It is a remake of director's own Kannada movie Aasha (1983) starring Ambareesh. This movie went on to inspire the 1991 Kannada movie Garuda Dhwaja also starring Ambareesh. The film was hit.

text:
# Meri Adalat

***Meri Adalat*** is a 1984 Hindi film directed by A. T. Raghu. The film was a revenge drama featuring Rajinikanth in the lead, supported by Zeenat Aman, Mohnish Behl, Sonia Sahni and Komal Mahuakar. The movie was dubbed in Tamil as *Veetukku Oru Nallavan*, It is a remake of director's own Kannada movie *Aasha* (1983) starring Ambareesh. This movie went on to inspire the 1991 Kannada movie *Garuda Dhwaja* also starring Ambareesh. The film was hit.

## Plot

It is the story of a brother played by Rajinikanth who is a tough cop and his sister played by Komal Mahuakar. The sister is in love with her college friend played by Mohnish Behl. It is the love story between them and the future incidents which make the cop take the law in his hands and have his own Adalat called Meri Adalat. Zeenat Aman a journalist plays the love interest of Rajinikanth supported by Kader Khan, Shreeram Lagoo, Rajendra Nath and others.

## Cast

## Music

Music by Bappi Lahiri. The song "Gudiya Jaisi Behna Hai", sung by K. J. Yesudas was a hit.

| Song | Singer |
| --- | --- |
| "Osa Osa" | **Asha Bhosle**, Bappi Lahiri |
| "Rajaji, Raniji" | **Asha Bhosle**, Shabbir Kumar |
| "Ek Baar Bach Gayi" | **Asha Bhosle**, Shabbir Kumar |
| "You are Beautiful" | **Asha Bhosle**, Kishore Kumar |
| "Gudiya Jaisi Behna" | Usha Mangeshkar, K. J. Yesudas |
|

## InfoBox

| Meri Adalat | |
| --- | --- |
| Poster | |
| Directed by | A. T. Raghu |
| Starring | Rajinikanth<br>Zeenat Aman |
| Music by | Bappi Lahiri |
| Release date | * 13 January 1984 (1984-01-13) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Hindi |


title: María Catalina Gómez

abstract: María Catalina Gómez Quiza is a Colombian racing cyclist, best known for winning the 2020 Colombian National Road Race Championships.

text:
# María Catalina Gómez

**María Catalina Gómez Quiza** (born 25 May 1995) is a Colombian racing cyclist, best known for winning the 2020 Colombian National Road Race Championships.

## Major results

2020 1st  Road Race, National Road Championships 8th Grand Prix Develi

## InfoBox

María Catalina Gómez
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | María Catalina Gómez Quiza |
| Born | (1995-05-25) 25 May 1995 |
| Team information | |
| Discipline | Road |
| Role | Rider |
| Amateur teams | |
| 2020 | Avinal–GW–Sistecredito–El Carmen |
| 2020 | Colnago CM Team |
|  | |
| Major wins | |
| **One day races & Classics** National Road Race Championships (2020) | |
|  | |


abstract: The microplane model, conceived in 1984, is a material constitutive model for progressive softening damage. Its advantage over the classical tensorial constitutive models is that it can capture the oriented nature of damage such as tensile cracking, slip, friction, and compression splitting, as well as the orientation of fiber reinforcement. Another advantage is that the anisotropy of materials such as gas shale or fiber composites can be effectively represented. To prevent unstable strain localization, this model must be used in combination with some nonlocal continuum formulation. Prior to 2000, these advantages were outweighed by greater computational demands of the material subroutine, but thanks to huge increase of computer power, the microplane model is now routinely used in computer programs, even with tens of millions of finite elements.

text:
# Microplane model for constitutive laws of materials

The **microplane model**, conceived in 1984, is a material constitutive model for progressive softening damage. Its advantage over the classical tensorial constitutive models is that it can capture the oriented nature of damage such as tensile cracking, slip, friction, and compression splitting, as well as the orientation of fiber reinforcement. Another advantage is that the anisotropy of materials such as gas shale or fiber composites can be effectively represented. To prevent unstable strain localization (and spurious mesh sensitivity in finite element computations), this model must be used in combination with some nonlocal continuum formulation (e.g., the crack band model). Prior to 2000, these advantages were outweighed by greater computational demands of the material subroutine, but thanks to huge increase of computer power, the microplane model is now routinely used in computer programs, even with tens of millions of finite elements.

## Method and motivation

The basic idea of the microplane model is to express the constitutive law not in terms of tensors, but in terms of the vectors of stress and strain acting on planes of various orientations called the microplanes. The use of vectors was inspired by G. I. Taylor's idea in 1938 which led to Taylor models for plasticity of polycrystalline metals. But the microplane models differ conceptually in two ways.

Firstly, to prevent model instability in post-peak softening damage, the kinematic constraint must be used instead of the static one. Thus, the strain (rather than stress) vector on each microplane is the projection of the macroscopic strain tensor, i.e.,

$$\varepsilon \_{N}=\varepsilon \_{ij}N\_{ij}~~\varepsilon \_{M}=\varepsilon \_{ij}M\_{ij}~~\varepsilon \_{L}=\varepsilon \_{ij}L\_{ij}$$

where $\varepsilon \_{N},\varepsilon \_{M}$ and $\varepsilon \_{L}$ are the normal vector and two strain vectors corresponding to each microplane, and $N\_{ij}=n\_{i}n\_{j},M\_{ij}=(n\_{i}m\_{j}+m\_{i}n\_{j})/2$ and $L\_{ij}=(n\_{i}\ell \_{j}+\ell \_{i}n\_{j})/2$ where $n\_{i},m\_{i}$ and $\ell \_{i}$ are three mutually orthogonal vectors, one normal and two tangential, characterizing each particular microplane (subscripts $i,j=1,2,3$ refer to Cartesian coordinates).

Secondly, a variational principle (or the principle of virtual work) relates the stress vector components on the microplanes ( $\sigma \_{N},\sigma \_{M}$ and $\sigma \_{L}$) to the macro-continuum stress tensor $\sigma \_{ij}$, to ensure equilibrium. This yields for the stress tensor the expression:

$$\sigma \_{ij}={\frac {3}{2\pi }\int \_{\Omega }s\_{ij}\\,d\Omega \approx 6\sum \_{\mu =1}^{N\_{m}w\_{\mu }s\_{ij}^{(\mu )}}}$$

with

$$s\_{ij}=\sigma \_{N}N\_{ij}+\sigma \_{L}L\_{ij}+\sigma \_{M}M\_{ij}$$

Here $\Omega $ is the surface of a unit hemisphere, and the sum is an approximation of the integral. The weights, $w\_{\mu }(\mu =1,2,\ldots ,n\_{M})$, are based on an optimal Gaussian integration formula for a spherical surface. At least 21 microplanes are needed for acceptable accuracy but 37 are distinctly more accurate.

The inelastic or damage behavior is characterized by subjecting the microplane stresses $\sigma \_{N},\sigma \_{M}$ and $\sigma \_{L}$ to strain-dependent strength limits called stress-strain boundaries imposed on each microplane. They are of four types, viz.:

1. The tensile normal boundary – to capture progressive tensile fracturing;
2. The compressive volumetric boundary – to capture phenomenon such as pore collapse under extreme pressures;
3. The shear boundary – to capture friction; and
4. The compressive deviatoric boundary – to capture softening in compression, using the volumetric stress $\sigma \_{V}=\sigma \_{kk}/3$ and deviatoric stress $\sigma \_{D}=\sigma \_{N}-\sigma \_{V}$ on the microplanes.

Each step of explicit analysis begins with an elastic predictor and, if the boundary has been exceeded, the stress vector component on the microplane is then dropped at constant strain to the boundary.

## Applications

The microplane constitutive model for damage in concrete evolved since 1984 through a series of progressively improved models labeled M0, M1, M2, ..., M7. It was also extended to fiber composites (woven or braided laminates), rock, jointed rock mass, clay, sand, foam and metal. The microplane model has been shown to allow close fits of the concrete test data for uniaxial, biaxial and triaxial loadings with post-peak softening, compression-tension load cycles, opening and mixed mode fractures, tension-shear and compression-shear failures, axial compression followed by torsion (i.e., the vertex effect) and fatigue. The loading rate effect and long-term aging creep of concrete have also been incorporated. Models M4 and M7 have been generalized to finite strain. The microplane model has been introduced into various commercial programs (ATENA, OOFEM, DIANA, SBETA,...) and large proprietary wavecodes (EPIC, PRONTO, MARS,...). Alternatively, it is often being used as the user's subroutine such as UMAT or VUMAT in ABAQUS.


title: Poison Pen (song)

abstract: "Poison Pen" is a song by Australian rock group Hoodoo Gurus. It was written by Dave Faulkner. and released in September 1986 as the fourth and final single from the group's second studio album, Mars Needs Guitars!. The song peaked at number 76 on the Australian charts. In June 2000, Dave Faulkner said "The Gurus' first manager, Stuart Coupe, wrongly thought that 'Poison Pen' was written about him, probably because of his notoriety as a Rock Journalist and he had also been recently replaced... The song was about the fallout from a relationship that had turned bitter attached)".

text:
# Poison Pen (song)

**"Poison Pen"** is a song by Australian rock group Hoodoo Gurus. It was written by Dave Faulkner. and released in September 1986 as the fourth and final single from the group's second studio album, *Mars Needs Guitars!*. The song peaked at number 76 on the Australian charts.

In June 2000, Dave Faulkner said "The Gurus' first manager, Stuart Coupe, wrongly thought that 'Poison Pen' was written about him, probably because of his notoriety as a Rock Journalist (often an oxymoron) and he had also been recently replaced... The song was about the fallout from a relationship that had turned bitter (with no 'sweet') attached)".

## Track listing

7" version (BTS 1793) 1. "Poison Pen" (Dave Faulkner) — 4:06
2. "In the Wild" (Faulkner) — 3:29 (Recorded live at Selina's Sydney 17 and 18 February 1986)
3. "Teenage Head" (Cyril Jordan, Roy Loney) — 3:02 (recorded live at Selina's Sydney 17 and 18 February 1986)

## Personnel

* Clyde Bramley — bass, backing vocals
* Dave Faulkner — lead vocals, guitar
* Mark Kingsmill — drums, cymbals
* Brad Shepherd — guitar, backing vocals
* Producer — Charles Fisher
* Engineer — John Bee
* Mastering — Don Bartley

## Charts

| Chart (1986) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australian (Kent Music Report) | 76 |

## InfoBox

| "Poison Pen" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Hoodoo Gurus | |
| from the album  *Mars Needs Guitars!* | |
| A-side | "Poison Pen" |
| B-side | * "In the Wild" * "Teenage Head" |
| Released | September 1986 |
| Genre | Rock |
| Length | 4:06 |
| Label | Big Time |
| Songwriter(s) | Dave Faulkner |
| Producer(s) | Charles Fisher |
| Hoodoo Gurus singles chronology | |
| "Death Defying"
(1986) "**Poison Pen**"
(1986) "What's My Scene?"
(1987) | |


title: Vicious Circle (band)

abstract: Vicious Circle are an Australian hardcore punk band, which formed in 1983 and included founding members Paul Lindsay on lead vocals and Les Rumincik on lead guitar. They disbanded in 1990 and Lindsay and Rumincik formed Rue Morgue in the following year. Rue Morgue issued two albums, Soul Museum (1993) and Freak Nation (1995), before Lindsay and Rumincik revived Vicious Circle in 1995. That group's albums are Price of Progress (1985), Reflections (1986), Into the Void (1988), Reactivate, Internal Headstrength (1997) and Perfect World Disaster (1999).

text:
# Vicious Circle (band)

**Vicious Circle** are an Australian hardcore punk band, which formed in 1983 and included founding members Paul Lindsay on lead vocals and Les Rumincik on lead guitar. They disbanded in 1990 and Lindsay and Rumincik formed Rue Morgue in the following year. Rue Morgue issued two albums, *Soul Museum* (1993) and *Freak Nation* (1995), before Lindsay and Rumincik revived Vicious Circle in 1995. That group's albums are *Price of Progress* (1985), *Reflections* (1986), *Into the Void* (1988), *Reactivate* (compilation album, 1995), *Internal Headstrength* (1997) and *Perfect World Disaster* (1999).

## History

Vicious Circle formed in late 1983 as a hardcore punk band in Melbourne by Alby Brovedani on bass guitar and guitar (ex-Politburo), Paul Lindsay on lead vocals, Les Rumincik on lead guitar (ex-Politburo) and Michael on drums. Michael was replaced on drums by Russell Hopkinson in 1984. Two early tracks, "Blood Race" and "Police Brutality" appeared on a Various Artists compilation album, *Eat Your Head* (1984) via No Master's Voice, which was re-released on CD in 1997 by Au Go Go Records. The group's debut five-track extended play, *Search for the Solution*, appeared in early 1985 via Reactor Records, which was owned by Phil McDougall.

The hardcore group followed with their first studio album, *Price of Progress*, in September 1985 also on Reactor. According to Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, it was "a ground-breaking release in the annals of the local hardcore scene." The album was also issued by Children of the Revolution record label in the United States and Europe. From their US contacts they teamed up with American punk rockers, Youth Brigade to issue a split album *Epitaph*/*Care* in April 1986. They released their first single, "A Nightmare so Quick", in that month. By that time David Ross had replaced Hopkinson on drums and Keith Chatham joined on bass guitar to allow Brovedani to focus on rhythm guitar.

*Reflections*, Vicious Circle's second album appeared in October 1986 via Reactor in Australia and on Boner in the US. McFarlane noticed it had "elements of melody seeping into the band's all-out thrash approach." The Australian hardcore band toured the US for three months, supporting gigs by GBH, Agnostic Front, MDC or Attitude Adjustment. Upon return to Melbourne at the end of that year Ross was replaced on drums by James Lynch. The group's last work for Reactor, *Hope and Wait*, was an EP issued in September 1987. They were signed to Sydney-based label, Waterfront Records in 1988, Lindsay explained, "the decision to go to Waterfront was made whilst \[McDougall\] was still running Reactor, I know because I told him."

Vicious Circle's studio album, *Into the Void*, was released on Waterfront in February 1988. RebelSynner of *The Corroseum* observed, "it's perhaps the most enjoyable \[album\] for Metal fans". The group continued until 1990 when they disbanded.

### Rue Morgue years

Rue Morgue were formed by Lindsay and Rumincik in 1991 as an "eclectic mix of hardcore punk, death metal and skate-core." Other members were Danny O'Callaghan on drums, Gary Proghoulis on bass guitar and Peter on guitar. They provided the track, "Romance of Death", for the Various Artists' compilation *Redrum* (June 1993) via the Australian branch of Roadrunner Records. *Soul Museum*, their debut album, was issued late in 1993 via Def Records. A second album, *Freak Nation*, followed in January 1995 but Lindsay and Rumincik re-established Vicious Circle in mid-year.

### Reformation and later years

With Vicious Circle's reformation they released a compilation album, *Reactivate*, in July 1995 on Def Records. They followed with a four-track EP of new material, *Fixated*, on Spent Records/Shock Records in March 1993. *Internal Headstrength*, their first album after the reunion, appeared in June 1996 with Lindsay and Rumincik joined by Gary on guitar, Chris Arnott on bass guitar (ex-Buttjuice) and Stu on drums. Their next album, *Perfect World Disaster*, was issued via Resist Records in 1999. For the album, *Born Yesterday* (2006), the line-up was Lindsay, Proghoulis, Rumincik and Daniel Ostojic. By *Don't Lose It* (2012) Lindsay was joined by Adam Shirley on guitar and vocals and Ash Newman on drums.

## Members

* Alby Brovedani – bass guitar, rhythm guitar (1983–1990)
* Paul Lindsay – lead vocals (1983–1990, 1995–present)
* Les Rumincik – lead guitar (1983–1990, 1995–2008)
* Michael – drums (1983–1984)
* Russell Hopkinson – drums (1984–1986)
* Keith Chatham – bass guitar (1986–1987)
* David Ross – drums (1986)
* James Lynch – drums (1987–1990)
* Gary Proghoulis – guitar (1996–2008)
* Mano Lygnos - bass (2001-2003) guitar (2005 - 2009)
* Chris Arnott;– bass guitar
* Stu – drums
* Ash Newman – drums (2012–)
* Adam Shirley – guitar, vocals(2012–present)

**Rue Morgue**

* Paul Lindsay – lead vocals (1991–1995)
* Danny O'Callaghan – drums (1991–1995)
* Gary Proghoulis – bass guitar (1991–1995)
* Les Rumincik – lead guitar (1991–1995)
* Peter – guitar (1991)

## Discography

### Albums

* *Price of Progress* (September 1985) – Reactor Records (REACTOR 007)
* *Epitaph*/*Care* by Vicious Circle/Youth Brigade (split album, April 1986) – Reactor Records (REACTOR 009)
* *Reflections* (11 February 1986) – Reactor Records (REACTOR 015)
* *Into the Void* (10 February 1988) – Waterfront Records (Damp82)
* *Reactivate* (compilation album, July 1995) – Def Records (0019)
* *Internal Headstrength* (13 June 1996) – Spent Records (0017)
* *Perfect World Disaster* (1999) – Resist Records (RES004)
* *Switched On* (2000) – Circlework Records (001)
* *Born Yesterday* (2006) – Circlework Records
* *Only the Brave* (2008) – Circlework Records
* *Don't Lose It* (2012) – Circlework Records
* *Knucklehead* (2013) – Circlework Records
* *Never Give In* (2015) – Circlework Records
* *Born to Destroy* (2017) – Circlework Records

### Extended plays

* *Search for the Solution* (February 1985) – Reactor Records (REACTOR 4)
* *Hope and Wait* (September 1987) – Reactor Records (REACTOR 17)
* *Fixated* (March 1996) – Spent Records/Shock Records (0010)

1. * 1st edition: McFarlane, Ian (1999). "Encyclopedia entry for 'Vicious Circle'". *Encyclopedia of Australian Rock and Pop*. St Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-86508-072-1. Archived from the original on 6 April 2004.
    * 2nd edition: McFarlane, Ian (2017). "Encyclopedia entry for 'Vicious Circle'". *The Encyclopedia of Australian Rock and Pop*. Jenkins, Jeff (Foreword) (2nd ed.). Gisborne, VIC: Third Stone Press. pp. 500–501. ISBN 978-0-9953856-0-3.
2. "Vicious Circle". *ArtistInfo*. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
3. Hungry Dave (May 2004). "1982 to 1984: 'Third Wave' (Hardcore)". *Regression: Melbourne Punk Directory*. Archived from the original on 11 January 2007. Retrieved 12 December 2022  via National Library of Australia.
4. Various Artists (1997), *Eat Your Head : Melbourne Compilation*, Au Go Go Records, retrieved 12 December 2022
5. "Vicious Circle Interview with Paul Lindsay". *Rest Assured*. 22 January 2017. Archived from the original on 14 November 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2022  via National Library of Australia.
6. "Vicious Circle". *Rest Assured*. 12 March 2006. Archived from the original on 11 January 2007. Retrieved 12 December 2022  via National Library of Australia.
7. "Vicious Circle / Youth Brigade – *Epitaph* / *Care*". *ArtistInfo*. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
8. "Releases :: *Into the Void*". *Australian Music Online*. Archived from the original on 19 April 2006. Retrieved 13 December 2022  via National Library of Australia.
9. RebelSynner. "Vicious Circle – *Into the Void* LP Review". *The Corroseum*. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
10. "Song Catalogue Search Results for 'Romance of Death'". APRA AMCOS (Australasian Performing Right Association, Australasian Mechanical Copyright Owners Society). Retrieved 13 December 2022.
11. "Song Catalogue Search Results for 'Born Yesterday'". APRA AMCOS (Australasian Performing Right Association, Australasian Mechanical Copyright Owners Society). Retrieved 14 December 2022.
12. "*The Price of Progress* by Vicious Circle on Apple Music". *Apple Music*. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
13. "*Reflections* by Vicious Circle on Apple Music". *Apple Music*. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
14. "*Into the Void* by Vicious Circle on Apple Music". *Apple Music*. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
15. "*Internal Headstrength* by Vicious Circle on Apple Music". *Apple Music*. Retrieved 13 December 2022.

## InfoBox

| Vicious Circle | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
| Genres | Hardcore punk |
| Years active | * 1983 (1983)–1990 (1990) * 1995 (1995)–present |
| Labels | * Reactor * Waterfront * Spent * Resist |
| Spinoffs | Rue Morgue |


title: Music for Madame

abstract: Music for Madame is a 1937 American musical comedy film directed by John G. Blystone and written by Gertrude Purcell and Robert Harari. The film was released on October 8, 1937 by RKO Pictures.

text:
# Music for Madame

***Music for Madame*** is a 1937 American musical comedy film directed by John G. Blystone and written by Gertrude Purcell and Robert Harari. The film was released on October 8, 1937 by RKO Pictures.

## Plot

Singer Nino Maretti comes into Hollywood and is tricked by jewel thieves into distracting a rich audience, now he has to prove his innocence.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Music for Madame | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | John G. Blystone |
| Screenplay by | Gertrude Purcell
Robert Harari |
| Story by | Robert Harari |
| Produced by | Jesse L. Lasky |
| Starring | Nino Martini
Joan Fontaine
Alan Mowbray |
| Cinematography | Joseph H. August |
| Edited by | Desmond Marquette |
| Music by | Nathaniel Shilkret |
| Production
company | Jesse L. Lasky Feature Play Company |
| Distributed by | RKO Radio Pictures |
| Release date | * October 8, 1937 (1937-10-08) |
| Running time | 81 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: WQBA

abstract: WQBA is a radio station broadcasting a Spanish talk/sports format. Licensed to Miami, Florida, United States, the station is owned by Latino Media Network; under a local marketing agreement, it was operated by former owner TelevisaUnivision's Uforia Audio Network until 2024. It features programming from TUDN Radio. Previous call letters were WMIE, owned by Susquehanna Broadcasting. 1140 AM is a United States and Mexican clear-channel frequency on which XEMR-AM in Apodaca, Nuevo León and WRVA in Richmond, Virginia are the Class A stations. WQBA must reduce power and use a highly directional array during nighttime hours in order to prevent interference to the skywave signals of the Class A stations.

text:
# WQBA

**WQBA** (1140 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a Spanish talk/sports format. Licensed to Miami, Florida, United States, the station is owned by Latino Media Network; under a local marketing agreement, it was operated by former owner TelevisaUnivision's Uforia Audio Network until 2024. It features programming from TUDN Radio. Previous call letters were WMIE, owned by Susquehanna Broadcasting.

1140 AM is a United States and Mexican clear-channel frequency on which XEMR-AM in Apodaca, Nuevo León and WRVA in Richmond, Virginia are the Class A stations. WQBA must reduce power and use a highly directional array during nighttime hours in order to prevent interference to the skywave signals of the Class A stations.

## History

In 1976, *The Miami Herald* stated that the station, which ran a news program presented by Emilio Milián, had the largest audience of any in the Miami metropolitan area.

On December 20, 2016, Univision announced that WQBA would be one of the charter affiliates of Univision Deportes Radio, their new Spanish-language sports network launched in April 2017.

WQBA was one of eighteen radio stations that TelevisaUnivision sold to Latino Media Network in a $60 million deal announced in June 2022, approved by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) that November, and completed on December 30, 2022. Under the terms of the deal, Univision agreed to continue programming the station for up to one year under a local marketing agreement.

## InfoBox

WQBA
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Frequency | 1140 kHz |
| Branding | *WQBA 1140 AM* |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | Spanish |
| Format | Talk/sports |
| Affiliations | TUDN Radio<br>Miami Dolphins Spanish Radio Network |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | * Latino Media Network * (Latino Media Network, LLC) |
| Sister stations | WAQI |
| History | |
| First air date | 1952 (as WMIE) |
| Former call signs | WMIE (1948–1968) |
| Call sign meaning | Cuba |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 73912 |
| Class | B |
| Power | * 50,000 watts day * 10,000 watts night |
| Transmitter coordinates | 25°46′3″N 80°29′10″W / 25.76750°N 80.48611°W / 25.76750; -80.48611 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen live (via iHeartRadio) |


title: Meri Aan

abstract: Meri Aan is a 1993 Bollywood film directed and produced by Roopesh Kumar. It stars Ayub Khan, Farheen, Sabeeha in lead roles. Sanjay Dutt made a cameo appearance.

text:
# Meri Aan

***Meri Aan*** is a 1993 Bollywood film directed and produced by Roopesh Kumar. It stars Ayub Khan, Farheen, Sabeeha in lead roles. Sanjay Dutt made a cameo appearance.

## Cast

## Music

Ravindra Jain wrote all the lyrics.

| Song | Singer |
| --- | --- |
| "Is Nazar Ne" | Kumar Sanu |
| "Bewafa Ajnabee" | Kumar Sanu, Asha Bhosle |
| "Woh Vaada Hi" | Kumar Sanu, Sadhana Sargam |
| "Sanju Hai Naam" | Mohammed Aziz, Sadhana Sargam |
| "Mashooqa" | Mohammed Aziz |
| "Ek Raat Mein" | Sapna Mukherjee |
|

## InfoBox

| Meri Aan | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Roopesh Kumar |
| Produced by | Roopesh Kumar |
| Starring | Ayub Khan
Farheen
Sabeeha |
| Music by | Ravindra Jain |
| Release date | * 3 December 1993 (1993-12-03) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Hindi |


title: María José Caro

abstract: María José Caro is a Peruvian writer.

text:
# María José Caro

**María José Caro** (born Lima, 1985) is a Peruvian writer.

## Life

Caro was born in Lima in 1985. She has a master's degree from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid. She has published three books, including two short story collections - *¿Qué tengo de malo? (What is wrong with me?)* (2017), *La primaria* (Elementary School) (2012) - and a novel *Perro de negros (Black Dogs)* (2016). In 2017, she was named as one of the Bogotá39, a list of the best young writers in Latin America. The other 38 included Samanta Schweblin & Lola Copacabana from Argentina, the Mexican Gabriela Jauregui, Liliana Colanzi from Bolivia.