title: Mary Draper Ingles

abstract: Mary Draper Ingles, also known in records as Mary Inglis or Mary English, was an American pioneer and early settler of western Virginia. In the summer of 1755, she and her two young sons were among several captives taken by Shawnee after the Draper's Meadow Massacre during the French and Indian War. They were taken to Lower Shawneetown at the Ohio and Scioto rivers. Ingles escaped with another woman after two and a half months and trekked 500 to 600 miles, crossing numerous rivers, creeks, and the Appalachian Mountains to return home. Two somewhat different accounts of Mary Draper Ingles' capture and escape, one written by her son John Ingles, and the other by Letitia Preston Floyd, an acquaintance, are the main sources from which the story is known. The story became well-known following the 1855 publication of William Henry Foote's account in Sketches of Virginia: Historical and Biographical, based on Mary's son's manuscript. It was further publicized in 1886 with the publication of an embellished version in John P. Hale's Trans-Allegheny pioneers: historical sketches of the first white settlements west of the Alleghenies.

text:
# Mary Draper Ingles

**Mary Draper Ingles** (1732 – February 1815), also known in records as **Mary Inglis** or **Mary English**, was an American pioneer and early settler of western Virginia. In the summer of 1755, she and her two young sons were among several captives taken by Shawnee after the Draper's Meadow Massacre during the French and Indian War. They were taken to Lower Shawneetown at the Ohio and Scioto rivers. Ingles escaped with another woman after two and a half months and trekked 500 to 600 miles, crossing numerous rivers, creeks, and the Appalachian Mountains to return home.

Two somewhat different accounts of Mary Draper Ingles' capture and escape, one written by her son John Ingles, and the other by Letitia Preston Floyd, an acquaintance, are the main sources from which the story is known.

The story became well-known following the 1855 publication of William Henry Foote's account in *Sketches of Virginia: Historical and Biographical,* based on Mary's son's manuscript. It was further publicized in 1886 with the publication of an embellished version in John P. Hale's *Trans-Allegheny pioneers: historical sketches of the first white settlements west of the Alleghenies.*

## Biography

### Early life

Mary Draper Ingles was born in 1732 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to George and Elenor (Hardin) Draper, who had immigrated to America from County Donegal, Ireland in 1729. Between 1740 and 1744, the Draper family moved to the western frontier of Virginia, settling in Pattonsburg on the James River. According to John P. Hale, in 1744 George Draper went on an exploratory trip into what is now West Virginia, and never returned, although there is evidence that Draper was still alive as late as 1748. By 1746 his family had established Draper's Meadow, a pioneer settlement on the banks of Stroubles Creek near modern-day Blacksburg, Virginia.

In 1750, Mary married fellow settler William Ingles (1729-1782). They had two sons prior to Mary's captivity: Thomas Ingles, born in 1751, and George, in 1753. Three daughters and a son were born to them after Mary's return from captivity.

### Draper's Meadow massacre

On 30 July (or 8 July, according to John P. Hale and Letitia Preston Floyd), 1755, during the French and Indian War, a band of about sixteen Shawnee warriors (then allies of the French) raided Draper's Meadow and killed at least four settlers, including Colonel James Patton, Mary's mother and Mary's infant niece, and a neighbor named Caspar Barger. They took five captives, including Mary and her two sons, her sister-in-law Bettie Robertson Draper, and her neighbor Henry Lenard (or Leonard). Mary's husband was nearly killed but fled into the forest.

### Captivity

The Indians took their captives, along with several horses loaded with items taken from the settlers' homes, northwest along the New River, then along the Ohio River. They traveled for a month to Lower Shawneetown, located at the confluence of the Scioto and Ohio rivers. Upon arrival at the town, the prisoners were made to undergo the ritual of running the gauntlet:

> When their Warriors arrive within half a Mile of their Towns, it is their custom to whip those who have been so unfortunate as to fall into their Hands, all the Remainder of the Way till they get to the Town, and that it was in this Manner our poor unhappy Neighbors from Virginia had been treated by them.

According to her son, Mary was not required to do this. Mary was separated from her sons, who were adopted by Shawnee families. According to John P. Hale, Mary's oldest son Thomas was taken to Detroit, her sister-in-law Bettie was taken to what is now Chillicothe, Ohio, and her youngest son George was taken to an unknown location and died soon afterward. One source states that another captive, Mary's neighbor Henry Leonard, later escaped, although no details are given. An article in the *New-York Mercury* of 16 February 1756, describing Mary's capture and escape, mentions that while in Lower Shawneetown she saw "a considerable Number of English Prisoners, who have been taken Captives from the Frontiers of Virginia."

Letitia Preston Floyd and other sources state that, about "three months" after being taken prisoner, Mary gave birth to a daughter, although there is evidence to the contrary. As a prisoner, Mary sewed shirts using cloth traded to the Indians by French traders and, at the insistence of the traders, she was paid in goods for her work. The *Mercury* newspaper account states that Mary was also assigned "to attend \[the Native Americans\] as Servant, to dress their Victuals, and stretch the Skins they might procure." In October 1755, about three weeks after reaching Lower Shawneetown, she was taken to the Big Bone salt lick to make salt for the Indians by boiling brine.

### Escape and journey home

While working at Big Bone Lick, in late October 1755, Mary persuaded another captive woman, referred to as the "old Dutch woman" but who may have been German, to escape with her. The next day (probably 19 October) they asked permission of the Native Americans to go into the forest to gather wild grapes, and set off, retracing the route their captors had followed after Mary was taken captive in July. They wore moccasins and carried only a tomahawk and a knife (both of which were eventually lost), and two blankets. As they were leaving the camp, they met three French traders from Detroit who were harvesting walnuts. Mary traded her old dull tomahawk for a new one.

The women went north, following the Ohio River as it curves to the east (see map). Expecting pursuit, they tried to hurry at first. As it turned out, the Shawnee made only a brief search, assuming the two women had been "destroyed by wild beasts." The Shawnee told this account to Mary's son Thomas Ingles, when he met some of them many years later after the Battle of Point Pleasant in 1774.

After four or five days the women reached the junction of the Ohio and Scioto rivers, where they could see Lower Shawneetown in the distance, on the opposite riverbank. There they found an abandoned cabin, which contained a supply of corn, and an old horse in the back yard. They took the horse to carry the corn, but he was lost in the river when they tried to take him across what was probably Dutchman's Ripple.

They followed the Ohio, Kanawha, and New rivers, crossing the Licking, Big Sandy, and Little Sandy rivers, Twelvepole Creek, the Guyandotte and Coal rivers, Paint Creek, and the Bluestone River. During their journey, they crossed at least 145 creeks and rivers—remarkable as neither woman could swim. On at least one occasion they "tied logs together with a grape-vine \[and\] made a raft" to cross a major river. They may have traveled as much as 500 to 600 miles, averaging between eleven and twenty-one miles a day.

Once the corn ran out, they subsisted on black walnuts, wild grapes, pawpaws, sassafras leaves, blackberries, roots and frogs but, as the weather grew cold, they were forced to eat dead animals they found along the way. On several occasions they saw Indians hunting and each time managed to avoid being seen. On one occasion they were able to obtain deer meat from a kill abandoned by an Indian hunter, having

> ...got very near an Indian before they saw him, but as he was busy in skinning a Deer, he did not see them, till they hid themselves behind a Log, towards which the Indian’s Dog kept a continual barking, which frightened the Indian as well as the Women, and having dispatch’d the skinning of his Deer, with as much speed as possible, he made off, leaving the Carcase behind him, which afterwards afforded an agreeable Repast to the starving Travellers, and after having satiated their Hunger, took as much of the Meat along as they could carry, and pursued their Journey, making the River their Guide, and feeding on Grapes and Nuts for their Support.

By now the temperature had dropped, it was starting to snow, and the two women were weak from starvation. At some point, the old Dutch woman became "very disheartened and discouraged", and tried to kill Mary. (Letitia Preston Floyd's account reports the two women drew lots to decide "which of them was to be eaten by the other.") Mary managed to "keep her in a good humor" by promising "a sum of money" to be paid to her by Mary's father-in-law upon their safe return to Draper's Meadow. Soon after they reached the mouth of the New River, the old Dutch woman made a second attempt on Mary's life, probably about 26 November, but Mary "got loose...and outran her." (The *New-York Mercury* article states that "the Dutch woman attempted to kill her...in order, as it was supposed, to Eat her; but \[Mary\] after a fierce struggle, released herself...and fled away.") She hid in the forest and waited until dark, then continued along the riverbank. Finding a canoe, Mary crossed the New River at its junction with the East River near what is now Glen Lyn, Virginia.

Mary continued southeast along the riverbank, passing through the present-day location of Pembroke. Four or five days after leaving the old Dutch woman, she reached the home of her friend Adam Harman on or about 1 December 1755, 42 days after leaving Big Bone Lick. Shortly afterward, a search party went back and found the old Dutch woman. Harman took her to the fort at Dunkard's Bottom, where she joined a wagon party traveling to Winchester, Virginia, with the goal of returning to her home in Pennsylvania.

### Aftermath

After recovering from her journey and reuniting with her husband, Mary and her husband resumed farming at Dunkard's Bottom until the following spring. Concerned about continued Shawnee raids on neighboring settlements, they moved to Fort Vause, where a small garrison safeguarded the residents. Mary remained uneasy, however, and persuaded her husband to move again, this time to Robert Ewing's Fort near Montvale in Bedford County, Virginia. On the same day that they left, 25 June 1756, Fort Vause was attacked by French troops and a mixed force of 205 Shawnee, Ottawa and Miami Indians. Mary's brother-in-law John was killed, and her brother-in-law Matthew was captured.

Mary very likely provided information about the location, size and layout of Lower Shawneetown to her husband, who then suggested to Lieutenant-Governor Robert Dinwiddie that he organize an assault on the town in retaliation for Shawnee attacks on English settlements. William Ingles participated as a lieutenant in the Sandy Creek Expedition in early 1756, however the expedition was forced to turn back before reaching the town, due to harsh weather and lack of food.

The Ingles had four more children: Mary, Susanna (b. 1759), Rhoda (b. 1762), and John (1766-1836). In 1762, William and Mary established the Ingles Ferry across the New River, and the associated Ingles Ferry Hill Tavern and blacksmith shop. She died there in 1815, aged 83. The site of her former log cabin, with a stable and a family cemetery, is protected as part of the Ingles Bottom Archeological Sites.

Mary's son George probably died in Indian captivity, but Thomas Ingles, who was 4 when taken captive, was ransomed and returned to Virginia in 1768 at the age of 17; after 13 years with the Shawnee, he had become fully acculturated and spoke only Shawnee. He underwent several years of "rehabilitation" and education under Dr. Thomas Walker at Castle Hill, Virginia.

Thomas Ingles later served as a lieutenant under Colonel William Christian in Lord Dunmore's War (1773-1774) against the Shawnee. He married Eleanore Grills in 1775 and settled in Burke's Garden, Virginia. In 1782, his wife and three children were kidnapped by Indians. Thomas came to rescue them and in the ensuing altercation, the two older children were killed. Eleanore was tomahawked but survived. Thomas rescued her and their youngest daughter.

In 1761, Mary Ingles' brother John Draper attended a gathering of Cherokee chiefs at which a treaty to end the Anglo-Cherokee War was prepared. He found a man who knew of his wife, Bettie Robertson Draper, who had been taken captive in 1755. At that time, she was living at Chillicothe with the family of a widowed Cherokee chief. She was ransomed, and John took her to New River Valley.

On 8 May, 1779, Lord Henry Hamilton, a British prisoner of war, was being escorted under guard to Williamsburg and spent the night at the home of William and Mary Ingles. In his journal, Hamilton noted that the trauma of Mary's captivity and escape still affected her, 24 years later:

8th. In the Evening crossed over in a ferry the new river or great Canhawa, and were kindly and hospitably received at the house of Colonel Ingles-- here we rested for an entire day...Mrs. Ingles had in her early years been carryed off with another young Woman by the Savages, and tho carryed away into the Shawanes country had made her escape with her female friend, & wonderful to relate tho exposed to unspeakable hardships, & having nothing to subsist on but wild fruits, found her way back in safety, from a distance (if I remember right) of 200 miles-- however terror and distress had left so deep an impression on her mind that she appear'd absorbed in a deep melancholy, and left the management of household concerns, & the reception of Strangers to her lovely daughter.

## Historical accounts of Mary Draper Ingles' journey

The only primary source of information about Mary Ingles' capture and escape is an article published in the New York *Mercury* on 16 February 1756 based on a report from "a Traveller who lately came from New River in Virginia," which contains a few details not found elsewhere. Her escape journey is also referred to briefly in two other *Mercury* articles, on 26 January and 1 March.

An important secondary source is the 1824 written account by Colonel John Ingles, son of Mary Ingles and William Ingles, born in 1766 after Mary's return. His account, *The Story of Mary Draper Ingles and Son Thomas Ingles*, written when he was 58, is based on stories he had heard from his parents. This is probably the most significant document describing Mary Ingles' capture and escape.

### Letitia Preston Floyd

Another significant secondary source is an 1843 letter by Letitia Preston Floyd (1779-1852, wife of Virginia Governor John Floyd and daughter of Colonel William Preston, himself a survivor of the Draper's Meadow massacre) to her son Benjamin Rush Floyd. Letitia Preston Floyd did not know Mary Draper Ingles personally, although she claimed to have seen her once, in 1811 or 1812 at "a large Baptist Association." She reports information that she learned from other sources, about Ingles' capture and escape. Historian Preston Davie described this letter as "replete with errors...A jumble of inaccurate hearsay and fact...more imaginative than real." Glanville and Mays counter this opinion: "The overall accuracy of Mrs. Floyd’s 'My Dear Rush' letter is surprisingly good...She made minor errors in dates and places. However, it seems to us that Mrs. Floyd did remarkably well for a person aged 63 who was often writing of events about which she learned four or five decades earlier."

Differences between the narratives of John Ingles and Letitia Preston Floyd suggest that the Ingles and Preston families had developed distinct oral traditions. They differ on the date of the massacre (July 30 vs July 8, according to Ingles and Floyd, respectively), the number of casualties, the ages of Mary Ingles' children, and several other aspects.

John Peter Hale, one of Mary Ingles' great-grandsons, claimed to have interviewed Letitia Preston Floyd, and other people who knew Mary Ingles personally. His 1886 narrative contains numerous details not cited in any previous account. There were some references to Mary Ingles' escape in contemporary reports and letters, which were gathered in later efforts to document people who had been taken captive by Indians.

The story of Ingles' ordeal has inspired a number of books and films, including:

* Thom, James Alexander (1981). *Follow the River*. A novel.
* *Follow the River* (1995). A television movie adaptation of the novel produced by ABC, starring Sheryl Lee.
* *The Captives* (2004), a film based on these events.
* *The Long Way Home*, an outdoor historical drama produced each summer from 1971 to 1999, at the Ingles homestead, relating the history of Mary Draper Ingles and her family. The General Assembly identified it as the "official" outdoor drama. While it attracted thousands to the city, the production was finally closed. (Since 2010, other efforts have been made to develop aspects of tourism heritage related to the Ingles history.)

## Memorialization

* On October 14, 2019, the Virginia Women’s Monument Commission dedicated seven statues, including one of Mary Draper Ingles. The other six statues are of Anne Burras Laydon, Cockacoeske, Elizabeth Keckly, Laura Copenhaver, Virginia Randolph, and Adele Clark. The monument is sited on Capitol Square grounds in Richmond, Virginia.
* Radford University, located near Draper's Meadow, has residence halls named Draper Hall and Ingles Hall in honor of Mary Draper Ingles.
* A statue of Mary Ingles, identical to the one in front of the Boone County Public Library, was unveiled in the Radford Cultural Heritage Park near the Glencoe Museum in October, 2016.

1. Duvall, James (2009). *Mary Ingles and the Escape from Big Bone Lick* (PDF). Boone County Public Library. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-13. Retrieved 2014-04-03.
2. Ingles, John (1824). *The Narrative of Col. John Ingles Relating to Mary Ingles and the Escape from Big Bone Lick* (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-13. Retrieved 2014-04-03.
3. Pendleton, William Cecil. *History of Tazewell County and Southwest Virginia: 1748-1920.* W. C. Hill printing Company, 1920; pp 443-447
4. Floyd, Letitia Preston, "Memoirs of Letitia Preston Floyd, written Feb. 22, 1843 to her son Benjamin Rush Floyd," transcribed from the original by Jim Glanville and Ryan Mays; in *Smithfield Review,* vol. 20, 2016
5. William Henry Foote, *Sketches of Virginia: Historical and Biographical,* Vol. 2; William S. Martien, 1855; p. 149.
6. John P. Hale, *Trans-Allegheny pioneers: historical sketches of the first white settlements west of the Alleghenies,* Cincinnati: The Graphic Press, 1886.
7. "About the Ingles Family" (PDF). *Virginia History Exchange*.
8. Ryan S. Mays, "The Draper's Meadows Settlement (1746-1756)," Part II, *The Smithfield Review,* Volume 19, 2015
9. Ryan S. Mays, "The Draper's Meadows Settlement (1746-1756)," Part I, *The Smithfield Review,* Volume 18, 2014
10. Kleber, John E. (1992). "Mary Draper Ingles". *The Kentucky Encyclopedia*. ISBN 0813128838.
11. Richard Osborn, "William Preston and the American Revolution." *Journal of Backcountry Studies,* vol. 3, no. 1, July 2010
12. "A Register of the Persons Who Have Been Either Killed, Wounded, or Taken Prisoners by the Enemy, in Augusta County, as also such as Have Made Their Escape". *The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography*. Vol. II. Richmond, Virginia: Virginia Historical Society. June 1895.
13. Duvall, James. *The Context of Captivity: Mary Ingles at Big Bone Lick* (PDF). Paper presented at Northern Kentucky History Day, 2009.
14. Brown, Ellen Apperson. "What Really Happened at Drapers Meadows? The Evolution of a Frontier Legend" (PDF). *Virginia History Exchange*.
15. Cummings, Kathy. "Walking in Their Footsteps: The Journey of Mary Ingles". *Pioneer Times*.
16. Jennings, Gary (August 1968). "An Indian Captivity". *American Heritage Magazine*. Vol. 19, no. 5.
17. Contemporary newspaper account of Mary Ingles' escape in the *New York Mercury,* 26 January 1756, p. 3, col. 1; in *Early Documents Relating to Mary Ingles and the Escape from Big Bone Lick,* transcribed by James Duvall, Boone County Public Library, Burlington, KY 2008
18. Peyton, John Lewis (1882). *History of Augusta County, Virginia*. Samuel M. Yost & Son. pp. 212–14.
19. Lyman Chalkley, *Chronicles of the Scotch-Irish Settlement in Virginia: Extracted from the Original Court Records of Augusta County, 1745-1800,* Volume 2. Augusta County (Va.): The Commonwealth Printing Company, 2010; p. 510.
20. Davis, Thomas D. (1901). "Pioneer physicians of Western Pennsylvania: The president's address of the Medical Society of the State of Pennsylvania". *genealogy.com*. Pennsylvania. pp. 20–21.
21. Lewis Preston Summers, *History of Southwest Virginia, 1746-1786, Washington County, 1777-1870,* J.L. Hill Print. Company, 1903.
22. Joseph A. Waddell, "Indian Wars in Augusta County, Virginia," *The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography,* Vol. 2, No. 4, Apr. 1895, pp. 397-404. Published by: Virginia Historical Society
23. Lahr, E.M.; Thom, James Alexander (2011). *Angels along the River: Retracing the Escape Route of Mary Draper Ingles*. Bloomington, Indiana: AuthorHouse.
24. "Mary Draper Ingles map". *History and Culture*. National Park Service.
25. Ellen Apperson Brown, "Portrait of a Survivor: The Long and Eventful Life of Mary Draper 1ngles," *Smithfield Review,* vol VIII, 2004
26. Pete Payette, "Robert Ewing's Fort," in North American Forts, Southwestern Virginia, American Forts Network, 2009
27. Bernard Fisher, "Colonial Fort Marker," Historical Marker Database, May 30, 2011
28. Johnston, David Emmons. *A History of Middle New River Settlements And Contiguous Territory,* chapter 2. Huntington: Standard Printing & Publishing Co., 1906
29. Roberta I. Steel and Andrew I. Steele, eds., *Escape from Indian Captivity: The Story of Mary Draper Ingles and son Thomas Ingles as told by John Ingles Sr.* Radford, VA, 1969
30. "Historic Ingles Ferry and Farm Permanently Protected". *Virginia Outdoors Foundation*. August 2009.
31. Calder Loth, ed. (1999). *The Virginia Landmarks Register, p. 404*. University of Virginia Press. ISBN 9780813918624.
32. Woods, Edgar. *Albemarle County in Virginia: Giving Some Account of what it was by Nature, of what it was Made by Man, and of Some of the Men who Made it.* Michie Company, printers, 1901.
33. Inglis, Thomas Jr. (1854). *Data for a Memoir of Thomas Ingles of Augusta Kentucky* (PDF). Manuscript held at the Boone County Public Library.
34. "Bettie Robertson Draper". *Daughters of the American Revolution Magazine*. Vol. 106. University of Michigan. 1972. p. 230.
35. "Henry Hamilton's Journal: A Prisoner of War, March 8 to June 16, 1779," Indiana Historical Bureau website
36. Armand Francis Lucier, *French and Indian War Notices Abstracted from Colonial Newspapers: 1756-1757,* Volume 2, Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999 ISBN 0788412191
37. Glanville, Jim and Ryan Mays, "The Mysterious Origins of James Patton. Part 1." *Smithfield Review,* 15: 35-64, 2011
38. "John Peter Hale (1824-1902)". *Encyclopedia of West Virginia*.
39. Bell, Heather (25 November 2011). "Reviving the Long Way Home: City holds public forum to discuss new historic drama". *Radford News Journal*.
40. Virginia Women's Monument Commission
41. Radford University map
42. Brooke J. Wood, "Statue of Mary Draper Ingles unveiled along New River," *Southwest Times,* October 25, 2016.
43. Mary Ingles Elementary School website
44. "Who is that lady standing out in the cold in front of the Library?" Boone County Public Library website, Nov 29, 2019.
45. "The Making of the Mary Draper Ingles Statue," Nov 7, 2017
46. Paul A. Tenkotte, James C. Claypool, editors, *The Encyclopedia of Northern Kentucky.* EBSCO ebook academic collection, University Press of Kentucky, 2015; p. 582. ISBN 0813159962
47. "National Register Information System". *National Register of Historic Places*. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
48. Mary Draper Ingles Bridge in Summers County WV
49. "The Making of the Mary Draper Ingles Statue," Boone County Public Library, 7 Nov 2017.
50. "KENTUCKY - State and Chapter Web Sites".

## InfoBox

| Mary Draper Ingles | |
| --- | --- |
| Statue of Mary Draper Ingles included in the Virginia Women's Monument. | |
| Born | 1732 (1732)<br>Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
| Died | 1 February 1815(1815-02-01) (aged 82–83)<br>Ingles Ferry, Virginia, U.S. |
| Known for | Escape from Native American captivity in 1755 |
| Spouse | William Ingles |
| Children | Thomas Ingles, George, Mary, Susanna, Rhoda, John |
| Parent(s) | George and Elenor (Hardin) Draper |


title: Oh Yeah (Work)

abstract: "Oh Yeah (Work)" is the third single from American rapper Lil Scrappy's second album Bred 2 Die Born 2 Live. The song's beat structure incorporates typical southern hip hop snares as well as Lil Jon's signature crunk synths. Although on the release of the album, the single was an unlisted track. It features E-40 and Sean P of the YoungbloodZ.

text:
# Oh Yeah (Work)

"**Oh Yeah (Work)**" is the third single from American rapper Lil Scrappy's second album *Bred 2 Die Born 2 Live*. The song's beat structure incorporates typical southern hip hop snares as well as Lil Jon's signature crunk synths. Although on the release of the album, the single was an unlisted track. It features E-40 and Sean P of the YoungbloodZ.

## Music video

The music video for the song was directed by Marcus Raboy and premiered as a New Joint on BET's *106 & Park Live*, on February 15, 2007.

J-Bo of the Youngbloodz, Lil Jon, and Too Short made cameo appearances in the video. It is produced by Lil Jon. Part of the hook is influenced by Lloyd Banks' song "Work Magic".

## Charts

| Chart (2007) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (*Billboard*) | 13 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (*Billboard*) | 60 |
| US Hot Rap Songs (*Billboard*) | 20 |
| US Rhythmic (*Billboard*) | 39 |
|

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | February 5, 2007 | Urban contemporary radio | BME, Reprise |  |
|

## InfoBox

| "Oh Yeah (Work)" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Lil Scrappy featuring Sean Paul of the YoungBloodZ and E-40 | |
| from the album  *Bred 2 Die Born 2 Live* | |
| Released | December 5, 2006 |
| Genre | Crunk |
| Label | BME, G-Unit, Reprise, Warner Bros., Asylum |
| Songwriter(s) | William Andrew Holmes, Sean Paul Joseph, Lil Scrappy, Lil Jon, E-40 |
| Producer(s) | Lil Jon |
| Lil Scrappy singles chronology | |
| "Gangsta Gangsta"
(2006) "**Oh Yeah (Work)**"
(2006) "Livin' in the Projects"
(2007) | |
|  | |
| E-40 singles chronology | |
| "Candy (Drippin' Like Water)"
(2009) "**Oh Yeah (Work)**"
(2010) "Wake It Up"
(2011) | |
|  | |


title: FCM Bacău

abstract: Asociația Sportivă a Suporterilor FCM 1950 Bacău is a Romanian football club based in Bacău, Bacău County, Moldavia. Founded in 1950 as Dinamo Bacău, the club spent 42 seasons in the top-flight of the Romanian football, winning a Romanian League Cup and qualifying for European competitions such as the Cup Winners' Cup and the Intertoto Cup. In the early 2010s, the club entered in a shadowy cone due to the conflict between the team's owner, Dumitru Sechelariu and the newly elected mayor, who chose to retire the public financing of the team and to sustain SC Bacău. Health problems, and subsequently, the premature death of Dumitru Sechelariu in the early 2013, multiplied the existing financial problems of the club. This caused FCM Bacău to withdraw from beginning of the 2013–14 Liga III season, before dissolving later on. In 2017, the Supporters Association of FCM Bacău, supported by Sergiu Sechelariu, brother of Dumitru and legal owner of the "FCM 1950 Bacău brand", started a collaboration with Gauss Bacău team also left in the meantime without financing by the municipality, but the collaboration broken in the summer of 2018 and after a year of inactivity, the fans started a new project named ASS FCM 1950 Bacău and enrolled the senior squad in the Liga IV.

text:
# FCM Bacău

**Asociația Sportivă a Suporterilor FCM 1950 Bacău** (also known as **ASS FCM 1950 Bacău**, **FCM 1950 Bacău** or **FCM Bacău**) is a Romanian football club based in Bacău, Bacău County, Moldavia. Founded in 1950 as *Dinamo Bacău*, the club spent 42 seasons in the top-flight of the Romanian football, winning a Romanian League Cup and qualifying for European competitions such as the Cup Winners' Cup and the Intertoto Cup.

In the early 2010s, the club entered in a shadowy cone due to the conflict between the team's owner, Dumitru Sechelariu (former mayor of Bacău) and the newly elected mayor, who chose to retire the public financing of the team and to sustain SC Bacău. Health problems, and subsequently, the premature death of Dumitru Sechelariu in the early 2013, multiplied the existing financial problems of the club. This caused FCM Bacău to withdraw from beginning of the 2013–14 Liga III season, before dissolving later on.

In 2017, the Supporters Association of FCM Bacău, supported by Sergiu Sechelariu, brother of Dumitru and legal owner of the "FCM 1950 Bacău brand", started a collaboration with Gauss Bacău (former SC Bacău) team also left in the meantime without financing by the municipality, but the collaboration broken in the summer of 2018 and after a year of inactivity, the fans (supported again by Sechelariu's brother) started a new project named **ASS FCM 1950 Bacău** and enrolled the senior squad in the Liga IV.

## History

### Early years (1950–1992)

FCM Bacău was founded in 1950 as Dinamo Bacău under the Ministry of Internal Affairs with other clubs which bore the name "Dinamo". Its management decided to separate from the ministry, renaming it Sport Club Bacău and adding athletics and tennis.

The team first appeared in Romania's first league during the 1956 season, after which they were then relegated to the second division. Returning to Divizia A, they finished fifth in 1968–69 and qualified for the Fairs Cities' Cup (the precursor of the UEFA Cup and the UEFA Europa League). At the time, Bacău's roster included Emerich Dembrovschi, Nicolae Vătafu, Petre Băluță, Artistică Ghiță, and Daniel Ene. Bacău advanced to the second round against Skeid Fotball, which had eliminated West Germany's 1860 Munich. Bacău advanced again, defeating the Scottish club Kilmarnock F.C. In the quarter-finals, Bacău played Arsenal F.C. club.

After making the quarterfinals of the Fairs Cities' Cup, the *băcăuanii* also did well in the domestic championship; at the end of the 1972–73 season, SC Bacău (the club's name from 1970 to 1990) finished in fourth place (the best in club history). Sport Club played well in the Cupa României, where, after the Romanian Revolution, they reached the final at the end of the 1990–91 season before losing 2–1 to Universitatea Craiova. Universitatea Craiova was also the winner of Divizia A that season, which allowed the yellow-and-blues to qualify for the second and final time in a European competition (the UEFA Cup). FC Bacău was drawn to meet Werder Bremen, which would defeat AS Monaco 2–0 in the Cup Winners' Cup. Werder Bremen was a tall, strong, cosmopolitan squad; FC Bacău was a little-known team with serious financial problems.

### Sechelariu era (1992–2014)

| Name | Years |
| --- | --- |
| Dinamo Bacău | 1950–1970 |
| Sport Club Bacău | 1970–1990 |
| FC Bacău | 1990–1992 |
| Selena Bacău | 1992–1995 |
| AS Bacău | 1995–1997 |
| FCM Bacău | 1997–2014 |
| Inactive | 2014–2019 |
| FCM Bacău | 2019–2020 |

From 1992 to 2006, the team remained in Divizia A as Selena, AS and FCM; Dumitru Sechelariu was its owner. It was a period of relative growth; the team finished 11th in 1995–96 (when they won 5–1 at Steaua Stadium), fifth in 1996–97, 10th in 1997–98, fifth in 1998–99, and eighth in 1999–2000. They were relegated in the summer of 2001 after a relegation play-off against Farul Constanța. The 2001–02 season began with high hopes, great investments and a 4–2 win against Dinamo București before a sixth place. After 2002, FCM Bacău was in the lower part of the tables and was relegated to Liga II at the end of the 2005–06 season. Sechelariu referred to FCM Bacău as "my child", "dear", but also "disabled".

At the end of the 2006–07 season, the team finished in fifth place; the following season, they were one step away from relegation to the third tier. For the 2009–10 season, the team focused on promotion to Liga I; due to financial problems and misunderstandings between Dumitru Sechelariu and the municipal council, FCM was relegated to Liga III after forfeiting two matches.

The municipality of Bacău registered the team for the following season in Liga III as SCM Bacău. On 9 June 2010, it was announced that a new club would be developed by the municipality; Sechelariu became a minority shareholder. The new management of the yellow-and-blues decided to change their name to SC FCM Bacău SA and terminate the contracts of former AS FCM Bacău players. FCM Bacău was promoted to Liga II in 2011, finishing seventh the following season. Before the next season, the players left the club for financial reasons (most for FC Botoșani) and Sechelariu transferred the club entirely to the municipality. With the team facing relegation to the third league, the municipality decided to stop investing in the club and re-direct public financing to CS Mesagerul Bacău (which would be renamed SC Bacău). After Sechelariu's declining health and death in early 2013, the club withdrew from the league at the start of the season and was dissolved.

### Supporters, the last hope (2017–2020)

The Supporters Association of FCM Bacău, supported by Sergiu Sechelariu (Dumitru's brother and owner of the FCM 1950 Bacău brand), began a collaboration with Gauss Bacău (the former SC Bacău) in 2017. The collaboration broke down during the summer of 2018; after a year of inactivity, fans (supported again by Sergiu Sechelariu) began the ASS FCM 1950 Bacău. They enrolled the senior squad in Liga IV, but the team was again dissolved at the end of the 2019–20 season.

## Grounds

Until 1966 FCM Bacău (named *Dinamo Bacău*) used to play its home matches on Steaua Roșie Stadium, with a capacity of 5,000 people, but moved subsequently on the Municipal Stadium in Bacău, with a capacity of 17,500 seats. Seen as a coquettish stadium of the country, especially during Sechelariu's era, when the owner of the team Dumitru Sechelariu renovated, modernized it and assured the installation of a floodlight system. Between 2001 and 2004, the stadium was named as *Dumitru Sechelariu*, after the name of the eccentric businessman, mayor of Bacău and owner of FCM. Death of Sechelariu it meant broadly the death of football from Bacău, after FCM, the stadium was also abandoned, being the victim of an unsuccessful modernization project. The stadium which is situated in the center of the city and was only some time ago the home of FCM is now a ruin.

After the re-foundation as **ASS FCM Bacău**, the club has to play its home matches on Baza Sportivă Nautică Șerbănești, with a capacity of only 200 people.

## Support

FCM Bacău has many supporters in Bacău and especially in Bacău County. The ultras groups of FCM Bacău are known as *Taurii furioși*, *Best* and *Ultra Boys*. The three groups merged in 2010 and form *FCM 1950 Bacău*, group that developed subsequently in an association that managed to bring back to life the club from the city of George Bacovia. In the past were also another ultras groups such as *RSB*, *Prima-Linie* or *FRT Bacău*.

FCM Bacău fans have an intense rivalry with the supporters of Ceahlăul Piatra Neamț, which are known under the name of *Urșii carpatini*.

### Rivalries

The most important rivalry for FCM Bacău is the one against Ceahlăul Piatra Neamț. This match is known as the *Derby of Moldavia* or *Il Classico*. Over time, FCM had important rivalries with other teams, such as Steaua București, Dinamo București or Rapid București, as well as some regional ones and even local, for example against SC Bacău.

## Honours

### Leagues

### Cups

## European record

| Competition | S | P | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| UEFA Cup Winners' Cup / European Cup Winners' Cup | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 11 | – 11 |
| UEFA Intertoto Cup | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | – 2 |
|
| Total | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 13 | – 13 |

## Records and statistics

### Biggest victories and defeats

*As of 24 November 2019*'

### Longest Streaks

*As of 24 November 2019*'

#### Wins and Losses

#### Scoring and Conceding

## League history

## Notable former players

The footballers enlisted below have had international cap(s) for their respective countries at junior and/or senior level and/or more than 100 caps for FCM Bacău.

Romania Moldova

## Notable former managers

## InfoBox

FCM Bacău
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Asociația Sportivă a Suporterilor
FCM 1950 Bacău |
| Nickname(s) | * *Băcăuanii*
(The People from Bacău County) * *Taurii furioși* (The Mad Bulls) * *Galben-albaștrii*
(The Yellow and Blues) |
| Short name | Bacău |
| Founded | 1950 |
| Dissolved | 2020 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Rafał Kosik

abstract: Rafał Kosik is a Polish science fiction writer. He has published eleven novels. A Polish-language film based on the series Felix, Net i Nika entitled Felix, Net, and Nika and Theoretically Possible Catastrophe was released in Poland on 28 September 2012. His 2008 novel Kameleon received the Janusz A. Zajdel Award and Jerzy Żuławski Award. In 2018 he received the Janusz A. Zajdel Award for the novel Różaniec.

text:
# Rafał Kosik

**Rafał Kosik** (8 October 1971 in Warsaw, Poland) is a Polish science fiction writer. He has published eleven novels.

A Polish-language film based on the series *Felix, Net i Nika* entitled *Felix, Net, and Nika and Theoretically Possible Catastrophe* was released in Poland on 28 September 2012.

His 2008 novel *Kameleon* received the Janusz A. Zajdel Award and Jerzy Żuławski Award. In 2018 he received the Janusz A. Zajdel Award for the novel *Różaniec*.

## Works

1. "Rafał Kosik  » O autorze". *rafalkosik.com*. Retrieved 2018-07-18.
2. "Felix, Net i Nika oraz teoretycznie mozliwa katastrofa". *IMDB*. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
3. "Najlepsza polska fantastyka już znana! Przyznano Nagrodę im. Janusza A. Zajdla 2018 - Movies Room". *Movies Room* (in Polish). 2018-07-14. Retrieved 2018-07-18.


title: Prochilodus lineatus

abstract: Prochilodus lineatus, the streaked prochilod, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Prochilodontidae. It is native to the Paraná—Paraguay and Paraíba do Sul river basins in South America. It performs long breeding migrations and supports very important fisheries.

text:
# Prochilodus lineatus

***Prochilodus lineatus***, the **streaked prochilod**, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Prochilodontidae. It is native to the ParanáParaguay and Paraíba do Sul river basins in South America. It performs long breeding migrations and supports very important fisheries.

## Taxonomy

The latin name is derived from Greek; the generic name is likely a combination of *pro* (first, in front of), χεῖλος (*cheilos*; lip), and ὀδούς (*odus*; tooth). The specific name *lineatus* means "lined" or "streaked".

It is known by many common names throughout its range, and these names may be used across borders; ***Curimbatá***, ***Grumatá***, or derivatives thereof are often used; these names may be taken from Guarani. Its common name in Spanish is ***sábalo***, though other species of fish also have the common name *sábalo*; *P. lineatus* is therefore distinguished as ***sábalo jetón*** (colloquial Spanish for "big-mouth") or ***sábalo rayado***. Other common names include *chupabarro* ("mud-sucker") and *lamepiedras* ("stone-licker"), referencing its feeding behavior.

## Appearance

*Prochilodus lineatus* reaches up to 80 cm (2.6 ft) in length - though it is commonly around 45 cm (1.5 ft) long - and 9 kg (20 lb) in weight. Its body is tall and compressed, greenish-gray (lighter on the belly), with yellowish green fins. Its mouth is circular and projects towards the front; it has two series of small teeth.

## Ecology

The species may comprise more than 50% of the fish biomass in a river system. The fish feeds on biofilm, for which its mouth is especially adapted to scrape from the river bottom. The species also feeds on detritus, being illiophagous; it selects detritus rich in amino acids and is able to selectively avoid mineral matter and refractory organic matter. The species is highly migratory, looking for warm waters during the spring in order to lay its eggs. While spawning, the fish may form pairs, and males may stay near the nest to guard the eggs.

## In the Paraná River

*Prochilodus lineatus* is considered the key species of the Paraná River, since it forms the base of the food chain that ends with larger fish like the surubí catfish (*Pseudoplatystoma*) and golden dorado (*Salminus brasiliensis*). Regulations in place in Santa Fe and Entre Ríos, Argentina, have proven ineffective to preserve the species, which is being severely exploited, both for internal consumption and for export. Experts estimate that capturing 20,000 tonnes of sábalo per year is the upper limit of sustainability. Exports, however, of about 13,000 tonnes in 1998, grew to 34,000 tonnes in 2004, after the depreciation of the Argentine peso caused by the economic crisis tripled its local value.

As the fish population dwindles, fishermen who depend on their captures for their livelihood are keeping smaller specimens, often not mature and which therefore have had no time to reproduce.

Widespread disregard of prescribed net sizes and the presence of illegal processing plants, which the local governments do not control, have compelled environmental groups to protest. The issue turned into a jurisdiction conflict when Santa Fe tightened the regulations in 2005, forbidding the capture of sábalos under 42 cm long, while Entre Ríos kept the limit looser at 40 cm. On July 13, about 400 fishermen blocked the Rosario access to the Rosario-Victoria Bridge that joins the two provinces. On August 1, after Entre Ríos matched its regulations with those of Santa Fe, 300 fishermen and freezing plant workers from Victoria did the same. They were pressured, according to certain claims, by the threat of unemployment if their plants cannot fill their export quotas.

In October 2006, largely to facilitate the reproduction of sábalo, the legislative branch of Santa Fe attempted to pass a temporary ban on commercial fishing in the Paraná. This ban was vetoed by the executive, as it had no counterpart in the neighbouring Entre Ríos. On 21 December 2006, the national government banned exports of fish of the Paraná River for eight months starting on 1 January 2007.

## InfoBox

| *Prochilodus lineatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Characiformes |
| Family: | Prochilodontidae |
| Genus: | *Prochilodus* |
| Species: | ***P. lineatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Prochilodus lineatus***
(Valenciennes, 1837) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Paca lineatus* Valenciennes, 1837
*Prochilodus scrofa* Steindachner, 1881
*Prochilodus platensis* Holmberg, 1891
*Salmo novemradiatus* Larrañaga, 1923
 | |


title: Abu Hurraira Dhanani

abstract: Abu Hurraira Dhanani is an international jiu-jitsu athlete from Pakistan. Abu participated in the World Games, World Championship, Asian Beach Games, and Asian Indoor Martial Art Games, and won the Silver medal in the Ju-jitsu World Championship 2015. Abu has won three Asian gold medals for Pakistan in the Asian Championship 2010, Asian Championship 2010, & Asian Beach Games 2014, respectively. As of October 2022, Abu Hurraira Dhanani held four gold medals, six silver medals, and three Bronze medals in international events which is a result of an undying drive and evidence of his strength of character. In September 2021, Abu won 2 bronze medals in the 5th Asian Championship. Abu started playing Jiu-Jitsu, and earned his laurels, from Pakistan Jiu-Jitsu since 2004. Abu has remained unbeaten in jiu jitsu in Pakistan since 2010. He is also the only athlete who represented Pakistan in the World Games 2017. Abu Hurraira Dhanani also gives free training in self-defense to orphans and females and spreads awareness of self-defense and harassment.

text:
# Abu Hurraira Dhanani

**Abu Hurraira Dhanani** is an international jiu-jitsu athlete from Pakistan. Abu participated in the World Games, World Championship, Asian Beach Games, and Asian Indoor Martial Art Games, and won the Silver medal in the Ju-jitsu World Championship 2015.

Abu has won three Asian gold medals for Pakistan in the Asian Championship 2010, Asian Championship 2010, & Asian Beach Games 2014, respectively.

As of October 2022, Abu Hurraira Dhanani held four gold medals, six silver medals, and three Bronze medals in international events which is a result of an undying drive and evidence of his strength of character.

In September 2021, Abu won 2 bronze medals in the 5th Asian Championship .

Abu started playing Jiu-Jitsu, and earned his laurels, from Pakistan Jiu-Jitsu since 2004. Abu has remained unbeaten in jiu jitsu in Pakistan since 2010. He is also the only athlete who represented Pakistan in the World Games 2017.

Abu Hurraira Dhanani also gives free training in self-defense to orphans and females and spreads awareness of self-defense and harassment.

## InfoBox

Abu Hurraira Dhanani
| Abu Hurraira Dhanani at the 2021 Asian Championship | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | 26 September 1990<br>karachi, Pakistan |
| Height | 5 ft 7 in (170 cm)ce |
| Weight | 69Kg |
| Website | Abuhurrara.com |
| Sport | |
| Country | Pakistan |
| Sport | Ju-jitsu Judo |
| Club | Karachi Martial Arts Academy |
| Partner | Muhammad Ammar |
| Coached by | Tariq Ali |
| Medal record      Representing  Pakistan  World Championship  2015 Ju-Jitsu World Championship Bangkok Thailand   Asian Beach Games 2014  2014 Ju-jitsu  Duo System  Asian Ju-Jitsu Championship  2010 Asian Ju-Jitsu & Belt wrestling Championship Ju-jitsu fighting  2010 Asian Ju-Jitsu & Belt wrestling Championship Duo-system  2012 Asian Ju-Jitsu & Belt wrestling Championship  Duo-system  2012 Asian Ju-Jitsu & Belt wrestling Championship Fighting  2016 Asian Ju-Jitsu Championship at Ashgabat Duo-system  2021 5th Asian Ju-Jitsu Championship 2021 at Abu dhabi Duo-system  2021 5th Asian Ju-Jitsu Championship 2021 at Abu dhabi Mix Duo-system  Asian Belt Wrestling Championship  Asian Ju-Jitsu & Belt wrestling Championship 2010  Belt wrestling fighting  4th Asian Jiu-Jitsu & Belt wrestling Championship 2012  Belt wrestling fighting  Asian Indoor Martial Arts Games 2017  2017 Jujitsu  Duo system  World Games 2017  5th Position 2017 At Wroclaw Poland | |


title: Ranunculus macrophyllus

abstract: Ranunculus macrophyllus is a species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae.

text:
# Ranunculus macrophyllus

***Ranunculus macrophyllus*** is a species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae.

## Sources

This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC0 (license statement/permission). Text taken from *Ranunculus macrophyllus*. Encyclopedia of Life.

## InfoBox

| *Ranunculus macrophyllus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Ranunculales |
| Family: | Ranunculaceae |
| Genus: | *Ranunculus* |
| Species: | ***R. macrophyllus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ranunculus macrophyllus***<br>Desf. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Ranunculus palustris* subsp. *macrophyllus* | |


title: Mary Shawa

abstract: Mary Shawa is a Malawian former public official. From 2004 through 2012, she was the Principal Secretary for Nutrition, HIV and AIDS in the Ministry of Health and Population, and then she was the Principal Secretary of the Ministry of Gender, Children, Disabilities and Social Welfare before her retirement from civil service in 2018.

text:
# Mary Shawa

**Mary Shawa** is a Malawian former public official. From 2004 through 2012, she was the Principal Secretary for Nutrition, HIV and AIDS in the Ministry of Health and Population, and then she was the Principal Secretary of the Ministry of Gender, Children, Disabilities and Social Welfare before her retirement from civil service in 2018.

## Education

Shawa has a master's degree in clinical nutrition dietetics, a diploma in agriculture, a PhD in nutrition and socioeconomic development, and a postgraduate diploma in community development and resources.

## Career

In November 2004, Shawa became the Principal Secretary for Nutrition, HIV and AIDS in the Ministry of Health and Population in Malawi. In 2005, she participated in a public debate about planned changes to the law to criminalize the deliberate spread of HIV. In 2008, she announced the government decision to replace financial support with food for Malawian civil servants with HIV. In July 2010, she participated in a public health campaign with other political leaders.

In April 2012, after Joyce Banda became president of Malawi, Shawa was appointed as the Principal Secretary of the Ministry of Gender, Children, Disabilities and Social Welfare. In 2014, she shared her perspective on the causes of domestic violence with *Voice of America*, "The most common violence with the women perpetrate against men is denying their conjugal rights. It is the highly reported violence and that particular violence is what results in women being battered being hacked and so forth." In 2016, she pushed for increased focus on childhood nutrition. During her tenure, she was also responsible for the health and safety of people with albinism. Despite evidence of a market for body parts motivating the murder of Malawians with albinism, Shawa said ministry research showed no market existed, and that people attempting to find a market would instead find undercover police officers.

After retiring from the civil service June 19 2018, she remained the honorary president of Chifundo & Chinasa charity.

Shawa called on Malawians to vote for a "God-fearing" candidate in the 2019 Malawian general election.

In 2021 she was working as a senior public health specialist at Plan International Malawi.

### Selected publications


title: Maryfield College

abstract: Maryfield College is a voluntary secondary school for girls within the free secondary education system, situated in the Drumcondra/Whitehall area. The school was founded in 1945 by the Sisters of the Cross and Passion and is now part of The Le Cheile Schools Trust.

text:
# Maryfield College

**Maryfield College** is a voluntary secondary school for girls within the free secondary education system, situated in the Drumcondra/Whitehall area. The school was founded in 1945 by the Sisters of the Cross and Passion and is now part of The Le Cheile Schools Trust.

## InfoBox

| Maryfield College
Choláiste Phairc Mhúire | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
|  | |
| Whitehall, Dublin
Ireland | |
| Coordinates | 53°22′34″N 6°14′07″W / 53.37598°N 6.23514°W / 53.37598; -6.23514 |
| Information | |
| Motto | In Fide Stabiles
(steadfast in faith) |
| Religious affiliation(s) | Roman Catholicism |
| Established | 1945 |
| Principal | Maree O'Rourke |
| Number of students | 642 |
| Website | maryfieldcollege.ie |


title: Ogonowice, Lower Silesian Voivodeship

abstract: Ogonowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Legnickie Pole, within Legnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Prior to 1945 it was known as Kaudewitz Germany.

text:
# Ogonowice, Lower Silesian Voivodeship

**Ogonowice** \[ɔɡɔnɔˈvit͡sɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Legnickie Pole, within Legnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Prior to 1945 it was known as Kaudewitz Germany.

## InfoBox

| Ogonowice | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Ogonowice | |
| Coordinates: 51°06′42″N 16°14′26″E / 51.11167°N 16.24056°E / 51.11167; 16.24056 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lower Silesian |
| County | Legnica |
| Gmina | Legnickie Pole |


title: Radio Sarajevo 90,2

abstract: Radio Sarajevo 90,2 is a Bosnian commercial radio station, broadcasting from Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The program is currently broadcast at one frequency, estimated number of potential listeners is around 443,685. It focuses on Urban music and entertainment talk shows. Former Radio Zid - Sarajevo changed its name to current Radio Sarajevo 90,2 on 1 April 2004. The new name of the portal and the radio station reminds on the history of the former national public radio station in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1945–1992, called Radio Sarajevo. Today, its legal successor is national public broadcasting service, BHRT via BH Radio 1.

text:
# Radio Sarajevo 90,2

**Radio Sarajevo 90,2** is a Bosnian commercial radio station, broadcasting from Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The program is currently broadcast at one frequency (Sarajevo 90.2 MHz), estimated number of potential listeners is around 443,685. It focuses on Urban music and entertainment talk shows.

Former Radio Zid \- Sarajevo (89.9 FM MHz) changed its name to current **Radio Sarajevo 90,2** on 1 April 2004. The new name of the portal and the radio station reminds on the history of the former national public radio station in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1945–1992, called Radio Sarajevo. Today, its legal successor is national public broadcasting service, BHRT via BH Radio 1.

## Frequencies

## See also

43°52′N 18°25′E / 43.867°N 18.417°E / 43.867; 18.417

## InfoBox

Radio Sarajevo 90,2
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Sarajevo Canton |
| Frequency | Sarajevo 90.2 MHz |
| Branding | Commercial |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | Bosnian language |
| Format | Urban music, entertainment, talk, news |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | "Radio Zid" d.o.o. Sarajevo |
| History | |
| Call sign meaning | WWW.RADIOSARAJEVO.BA |
| Links | |
| Webcast | On website |
| Website | www.radiosarajevo.ba |


title: Prix Daniel Wildenstein

abstract: The Prix Daniel Wildenstein is a Group 2 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at Longchamp over a distance of 1,600 metres, and it is scheduled to take place each year in late September or early October.

text:
# Prix Daniel Wildenstein

Prix Daniel Wildenstein
| 2024 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |
| Ramadan | Andromede | Alcantor |

| Previous years | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2023 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Poker Face | Isaac Shelby | Belbek |
| 2022 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Erevann | The Revenant | Checkandchallenge |
| 2021 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Real World | The Revenant | Novemba |

| 2020-2011 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | | |
|  |  |  |
| The Revenant | Ziegfeld | Motamarris |
| 2019 | | |
|  |  |  |
| The Revenant | Olmedo | Shaman |
| 2018 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Ostilio | Oh This Is Us | Hey Gaman |
| 2017 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Taareef | Buthela | Noor Al Hawa |
| 2016 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Taareef | Hello My Love | Moonlight Magic |
| 2015 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Impassable | Miss France | Akatea |
| 2014 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Solow | Veda | Sommerabend |
| 2013 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Pollyana | Pinturicchio | Siyenica |
| 2012 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Zinabaa | Dux Scholar | Evaporation |
| 2011 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Rajsaman | Rio De La Plata | Best Dating |

| 2010–2000 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Royal Bench | Lochinver | Emerald Commander |
| 2009 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Tamazirte | Danse Grecque | Murcielago |
| 2008 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Spirito Del Vento | Sageburg | Famous Name |
| 2007 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Spirito Del Vento | Racinger | Blythe Knight |
| 2006 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Echo Of Light | Picaresque Coat | Hello Sunday |
| 2005 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Special Kaldoun | Polar Bear | Mathematician |
| 2004 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Cacique | Hurricane Alan | Mister Sacha |
| 2003 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Special Kaldoun | My Risk | Gateman |
| 2002 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Domedriver | Suggestive | Gateman |
| 2001 | | |
|  |  |  |
| China Visit | Jim And Tonic | Lugny |

| 2000-1991 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Kabool | Kingsalsa | Sugarfoot |
| 1999 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Trans Island | Sugarfoot | Sand Falcon |
| 1998 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Fly To The Stars | Gold Away | Decorated Hero |
| 1997 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Decorated Hero | Kaldou Star | Marathon |
| 1996 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Alhaarth | Shaanxi | Bin Rosie |
| 1995 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Shaanxi | Petit Poucet | Nec Plus Ultra |
| 1994 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Missed Flight | Green Tune | Royal Abjar |
| 1993 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Voleris | Alflora | Maroof |
| 1992 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Arazi | Calling Collect | Alhijaz |
| 1991 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Bistro Garden | Goofalik | Eternity's Breath |

| 1990-1988 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1990 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Zoman | Honor Rajana | Fils Unique |
| 1989 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Golden Opinion | Good Example | Star Touch |
| 1988 | | |
|  |  |  |
| In Extremis | Always Fair | Raise A Memory |
|  | | |

The **Prix Daniel Wildenstein** is a Group 2 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at Longchamp over a distance of 1,600 metres (about 1 mile), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late September or early October.

## History

The event was established in 1882, and it was originally called the Prix du Rond Point. It was initially run over 2,200 metres, and was cut to 2,000 metres in 1891. It was extended to 2,100 metres in 1903, and reverted to 2,000 metres in 1909.

The race was abandoned throughout World War I, with no running from 1914 to 1919. It was shortened to 1,600 metres in 1921, and increased to 1,700 metres in 1922.

The Prix du Rond Point was cancelled twice during World War II, in 1939 and 1940. It was held at Maisons-Laffitte in 1943, and Le Tremblay in 1944.

The distance was cut to 1,600 metres in 1953, and it returned to 1,700 metres in 1958. It was set at 1,400 metres in 1959, and restored to 1,600 metres in 1969.

The present system of race grading was introduced in 1971, and the Prix du Rond Point was classed at Group 3 level. For a period it took place in early September, and it was switched to late September in 1980.

The event was added to the two-day Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe meeting in 1987. For several years it was staged on the same day as the Arc, the first Sunday in October. It was promoted to Group 2 status in 1990, and moved to the Saturday of the meeting in 2001.

The race was renamed in memory of Daniel Wildenstein (1917–2001), a leading racehorse owner and breeder, in 2002.

## Records

**Most successful horse (2 wins):**

* Cameleon – *1889, 1890*
* Le Meridional – *1955, 1957*
* Special Kaldoun – *2003, 2005*
* Spirito del Vento – *2007, 2008*
* Taareef – *2016, 2017*
* The Revenant - *2019, 2020*

---

**Leading jockey (5 wins):**

* Yves Saint-Martin*Embellie (1965), Rockcress (1969), Prince Jet (1970), Faraway Son (1971), Monsanto (1976)*
* Frankie Dettori*Decorated Hero (1997), Fly to the Stars (1998), Kabool (2000), China Visit (2001), Echo of Light (2006)*
* Olivier Peslier*Spirito del Vento (2007, 2008), Royal Bench (2010), Solow (2014), Impassable (2015)*

---

**Leading trainer (4 wins):**

* Richard Count – *Champosoult (1894), Estragon (1896), Capo d'Istria (1897), Gorenflot (1898)*
* Saeed bin Suroor*Fly to the Stars (1998), Kabool (2000), China Visit (2001), Echo of Light (2006)*

---

**Leading owner (4 wins):**

* Emile Deschamps – *Champosoult (1894), Estragon (1896), Gorenflot (1898), Vangoyen (1913)*
* Godolphin*Fly to the Stars (1998), Kabool (2000), China Visit (2001), Echo of Light (2006)*

## Winners since 1978

| Year | Winner | Age | Jockey | Trainer | Owner | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1978 | Homing | 3 | Willie Carson | Dick Hern | 2nd Baron Rotherwick | 1:35.60 |
| 1979 | Wolverton | 3 | Freddy Head | Alec Head | Jacques Wertheimer | 1:42.60 |
| 1980 | Hilal | 4 | Alfred Gibert | Mitri Saliba | Mahmoud Fustok | 1:42.60 |
| 1981 | Daeltown | 4 | Alain Lequeux | David Smaga | Xavier Beau | 1:47.30 |
| 1982 | Ya Zaman | 5 | Alfred Gibert | Mitri Saliba | Mahmoud Fustok |  |
| 1983 | Pampabird | 4 | Maurice Philipperon | John Cunnington Jr. | Paul de Moussac | 1:41.60 |
| 1984 | Duke of Silver | 3 | Alfred Gibert | André Fabre | William Kazan | 1:54.20 |
| 1985 | Pink | 4 | Freddy Head | Criquette Head | Jacques Wertheimer | 1:39.90 |
| 1986 | Magical Wonder | 3 | Jorge Velásquez | Georges Mikhalidès | Mahmoud Fustok | 1:43.80 |
| 1987 | Waajib | 4 | Michael Roberts | Alec Stewart | Hamdan Al Maktoum | 1:36.20 |
| 1988 | In Extremis | 3 | Guy Guignard | Criquette Head | Ecurie Aland | 1:38.40 |
| 1989 | Golden Opinion | 3 | Cash Asmussen | André Fabre | Sheikh Mohammed | 1:38.40 |
| 1990 | Zoman | 3 | Richard Quinn | Paul Cole | Fahd Salman | 1:38.30 |
| 1991 | Bistro Garden | 3 | Éric Legrix | Pascal Bary | Ross Gilbert | 1:39.00 |
| 1992 | Arazi | 3 | Steve Cauthen | François Boutin | Sheikh Mohammed | 1:44.00 |
| 1993 | Voleris | 4 | Cash Asmussen | John Hammond | David Thompson | 1:42.10 |
| 1994 | Missed Flight | 4 | George Duffield | Chris Wall | Walter Grubmuller | 1:39.00 |
| 1995 | Shaanxi | 3 | Dominique Boeuf | Élie Lellouche | Teruya Yoshida | 1:39.50 |
| 1996 | Alhaarth | 3 | Richard Hills | Dick Hern | Hamdan Al Maktoum | 1:38.60 |
| 1997 | Decorated Hero | 5 | Frankie Dettori | John Gosden | Herbert Allen | 1:35.90 |
| 1998 | Fly to the Stars | 4 | Frankie Dettori | Saeed bin Suroor | Godolphin | 1:41.20 |
| 1999 | Trans Island | 4 | Kieren Fallon | Ian Balding | Al Muallim Partnership | 1:44.90 |
| 2000 | Kabool | 5 | Frankie Dettori | Saeed bin Suroor | Godolphin | 1:36.40 |
| 2001 | China Visit | 4 | Frankie Dettori | Saeed bin Suroor | Godolphin | 1:44.80 |
| 2002 | Domedriver | 4 | Thierry Thulliez | Pascal Bary | Niarchos Family | 1:39.90 |
| 2003 | Special Kaldoun | 4 | Dominique Boeuf | David Smaga | Ecurie Chalhoub | 1:42.40 |
| 2004 | Cacique | 3 | Christophe Soumillon | André Fabre | Khalid Abdullah | 1:37.50 |
| 2005 | Special Kaldoun | 6 | Dominique Boeuf | David Smaga | Ecurie Chalhoub | 1:40.80 |
| 2006 | Echo of Light | 4 | Frankie Dettori | Saeed bin Suroor | Godolphin | 1:37.00 |
| 2007 | Spirito del Vento | 4 | Olivier Peslier | Jean-Marie Béguigné | Luigi Ciampi | 1:40.90 |
| 2008 | Spirito del Vento | 5 | Olivier Peslier | Jean-Marie Béguigné | Luigi Ciampi | 1:39.10 |
| 2009 | Tamazirte | 3 | Christophe Soumillon | Jean-Claude Rouget | Vallée Martigny / Rabineau | 1:38.60 |
| 2010 | Royal Bench | 3 | Olivier Peslier | Robert Collet | Richard Strauss | 1:44.30 |
| 2011 | Rajsaman | 4 | Thierry Jarnet | Freddy Head | Saeed Al Romaithi | 1:38.23 |
| 2012 | Zinabaa | 7 | Gérald Mossé | Michel Macé | Ecurie Victoria Dreams | 1:44.49 |
| 2013 | Pollyanna | 4 | Flavien Prat | Didier Prod'Homme | Bryan Lynam | 1:40.24 |
| 2014 | Solow | 4 | Olivier Peslier | Freddy Head | Wertheimer et Frère | 1:36.59 |
| 2015 | Impassable | 3 | Olivier Peslier | Carlos Laffon-Parias | Wertheimer et Frère | 1:37.65 |
| 2016 | Taareef | 3 | Ioritz Mendizabal | Jean-Claude Rouget | Hamdan Al Maktoum | 1:43.19 |
| 2017 | Taareef | 4 | Christophe Soumillon | Jean-Claude Rouget | Hamdan Al Maktoum | 1:40.19 |
| 2018 | Ostilio | 3 | Andrea Atzeni | Simon Crisford | Mohammed Obaid Al Maktoum | 1:38.94 |
| 2019 | The Revenant | 4 | Pierre-Charles Boudot | Francis-Henri Graffard | Al Asayl France | 1:43.90 |
| 2020 | The Revenant | 5 | Pierre-Charles Boudot | Francis-Henri Graffard | Al Asayl France | 1:45.34 |
| 2021 | Real World | 4 | Frankie Dettori | Saeed bin Suroor | Godolphin | 1:41.72 |
| 2022 | Erevann | 3 | Christophe Soumillon | Jean-Claude Rouget | HH Aga Khan IV | 1:43.71 |
| 2023 | Poker Face | 4 | Maxime Guyon | Simon & Ed Crisford | Edward Ware | 1:37.45 |
| 2024 | Ramadan | 3 | Aurelien Lemaitre | Christopher Head | Nurlan Bizakov | 1:39.52 |

## Earlier winners

* 1882: Integre
* 1883: Precy
* 1884: Mahmoud
* 1885:
* 1886: Jaguar / Souci
* 1887:
* 1888: Halbran
* 1889: Cameleon
* 1890: Cameleon
* 1891:
* 1892: Cigare
* 1893:
* 1894: Champosoult
* 1895: Gibraltar
* 1896: Estragon
* 1897: Capo d'Istria
* 1898: Gorenflot
* 1899:
* 1900: Kiss
* 1901: Abdy
* 1902: Marechal Niel
* 1903:
* 1904: Xenophon
* 1905: Amalecite
* 1906: Le Horo
* 1907: Elysee
* 1908: Pyreneen
* 1909: Lezard
* 1910: Canteloup
* 1911: Joyeux
* 1912: Hargicourt
* 1913: Vangoyen
* 1914–19: *no race*
* 1920: Mounbeou
* 1921: Marvel
* 1922: Select
* 1923: Dauphin
* 1924: El Paso
* 1925: Condover
* 1926: Pacific
* 1927: Cosquillosa
* 1928: La Moqueuse
* 1929: Mysarch
* 1930: Ultra Violet
* 1931: Campra
* 1932: Angelico
* 1933: Relique
* 1934: Rarity
* 1935: Tracias
* 1936: Sanguinetto
* 1937: Aurangzeb
* 1938: Saint Preux
* 1939–40: *no race*
* 1941: Treacle
* 1942: Puymirol
* 1943: Mitchouby
* 1944: Nonant le Pin
* 1945: Epi d'Or
* 1946:
* 1947: Adios
* 1948: Clarion
* 1949:
* 1950: Bunker
* 1951: Eppi d'Or
* 1952: Ksarinor
* 1953: Fine Top
* 1954: Jolly Friar
* 1955: Le Meridional
* 1956: Le Mioche
* 1957: Le Meridional
* 1958: Tangation
* 1959: Petite Caille
* 1960: Mienne
* 1961:
* 1962: Phaleron
* 1963: Aquilla
* 1964: Musical
* 1965: Embellie
* 1966: Canadel
* 1967: Lemmy
* 1968: Montevideo
* 1969: Rockcress
* 1970: Prince Jet
* 1971: Faraway Son
* 1972: Daring Display
* 1973: Princess Arjumand
* 1974: Nonoalco
* 1975: Delmora
* 1976: Monsanto
* 1977: Pharly

1. The 1886 race was a dead-heat and has joint winners
1. "Prix Daniel Wildenstein". *The French Black Type*. Retrieved 5 October 2018.

---

## InfoBox

Prix Daniel Wildenstein
| Group 2 race | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Longchamp Racecourse
Paris, France |
| Inaugurated | 1882 |
| Race type | Flat / Thoroughbred |
| Sponsor | Qatar |
| Website | france-galop.com |
| Race information | |
| Distance | 1,600 metres (1 mile) |
| Surface | Turf |
| Track | Right-handed |
| Qualification | Three-years-old and up |
| Weight | 56½ kg (3yo); 58 kg (4yo+)
**Allowances**
1½ kg for fillies and mares
**Penalties**
2 kg for Group 1 winners *
2 kg if two Group 2 wins *
1 kg if one Group 2 win *
* *since January 1* |
| Purse | €200,000 *(2021)*
**1st:** €114,000 |


title: Jan Erik Vold

abstract: Jan Erik Vold is a Norwegian lyric poet, jazz vocal reciter, translator and author. He was a core member of the so-called "Profil generation", the circle attached to the literary magazine Profil. Throughout his career as an artist, he has had the ability to reach the public, both with his poetry and his political views. He has contributed greatly to the renewal of Norwegian poetry, and created interest in lyrical poetry. Jan Erik Vold is currently living in Stockholm. He was born in Oslo, the son of journalist Ragnar Vold.

text:
# Jan Erik Vold

**Jan Erik Vold** (born 18 October 1939) is a Norwegian lyric poet, jazz vocal reciter, translator and author. He was a core member of the so-called "*Profil* generation", the circle attached to the literary magazine *Profil*. Throughout his career as an artist, he has had the ability to reach the public, both with his poetry and his political views. He has contributed greatly to the renewal of Norwegian poetry, and created interest in lyrical poetry. Jan Erik Vold is currently living in Stockholm.

He was born in Oslo, the son of journalist Ragnar Vold.

## Career

He has won numerous awards, including the 1965 Tarjei Vesaas' debutantpris for his literary début, *Mellom speil og speil*; Gyldendal's Endowment in 1968; the Aschehoug Prize in 1981; the Brage Prize for Poetry in 1993 and Honorary Award in 1997; the Gyldendal Prize in 2000; the Anvil Award in 2004; and he was nominated for the Nordic Council's Literature Prize in 1979 and 1999. He was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Oslo in 2000.

## Works

### Poetry collections

* 1965 *mellom speil og speil* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 1966 *HEKT* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 1966 "Istapptid"
* 1966 *blikket* (Kommet Forlag, Oslo)
* 1967 *Svingstang* (eget opptrykk i 700 eksemplarer)
* 1968 *Mor Godhjertas glade versjon. Ja* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 1969 *Bo på Briskeby blues* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 1969 *kykelipi* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 1970 *Spor, snø* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 1970 *Bok 8: LIV* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 1978 *S* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 1979 *sirkel sirkel: boken om prins Adrians reise* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 1987 *Sorgen. Sangen. Veien* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 1988 *En som het Abel Ek* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 1989 *Elg* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 1993 *IKKE : skillingstrykk fra nittitallet* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 1993 *En sirkel is* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 1995 *Kalenderdikt* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 1997 *Ikke* (illustrated by Steffen Kverneland) (Samlaget, Oslo)
* 2000 *I vektens tegn : 777 dikt*, anthology
* 2002 *Tolv meditasjoner* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 2003 *Diktet minner om verden* (Kommet Forlag, Oslo) Extended version published by Gyldendal 2004
* 2004 *Drømmemakeren sa* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 2011 *Store hvite bok å se* (Gyldendal, Oslo)

### Prose

* 1967 *fra rom til rom : SAD & CRAZY* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 1976 *BusteR BrenneR* (Gyldendal, Oslo)

### Essays

* 1976 *Entusiastiske essays : klippbok 1960–75* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 1980 *Det norske syndromet*
* 1984 *Her. Her i denne verden : essays og samtaler* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 1990 *Poetisk praksis 1975–1990* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 1994 *Under Hauges ord*
* 1995 *Etterblikk. Ernst Orvil, poet*
* 1998 *Storytellers*
* 1999 *Tydelig, 33 : essays 1965–1998* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 2000 *Mørkets sangerske. En bok om Gunvor Hofmo*
* 2005 *God jul med Gertrude Stein og andre essays*

### Drama

* *Prins Adrians reise : et hørespill for åtte stemmer*, for NRK Radioteatret (produced 1984, replay 1984)
* *Noe om noe : et fore-drag for radio*, for NRK Radioteatret (produsert 1986, replay 1986)

### Discography

### Reinvented poems

### Nonfiction, author biographies

* 1962 *Johan Borgen : 1902 – 1962*, coauthors (*Det norske Studentersamfund*, Oslo)
* 1969 Edgar Miguel Molina : 1969 Author (TPA Methodology, Bogotá, Colombia).
* 1964 *Tarjei Vesaas : et skrift lagt fram på Kulturutvalgets Tarjei Vesaas-aften i Universitetets aula 14. mars 1964*, editor and co-author (*Det norske Studentersamfund*, Oslo)
* 1975 *Jazz i Norge*, Editor together with Olav Angell and Einar Økland (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 1978 *Ernst Orvil : en bok til 80-årsdagen 12.april 1978*, redigert saman men Johan Fredrik Grøgaard og Kjell Heggelund (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 1980 *Det norske syndromet : et kritisk syn på norsk lyrikk* (Universitetsforlaget, Oslo)
* 1986 *Per Kleiva*, redigert saman med Ulf Renberg and Harald Flor (Labyrinth Press, Oslo)
* 1994 *Under Hauges ord : essays, samtaler, brev, dikt, fotos* (Samlaget, Oslo) – Read the full text
* 2000 *Mørkets sangerske : a book about Gunvor Hofmo* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 2001 *Uten manus : dokumentarisk 1980–2000* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 2007 *Ruth Maiers dagbok – en jødisk flyktning i Norge*, ed. (Gyldendal, Oslo)

### Anthologies and other writings

* 1974 *Poesi pluss* (Den norske bokklubben, Stabekk)
* 1974 *USA 74*
* 1975 Olav H. Hauge: *Syn oss åkeren din* (Den norske bokklubben, Stabekk)
* 1978 Erling Christie: *og undring rører vår uro* (Den norske bokklubben, Stabekk)
* 1983 Sigurd Bodvar: *Dikt i utvalg : 1933–1983* (Tiden, Oslo)
* 1985 *Moderne norsk lyrikk : frie vers 1890–1980 : en antologi*, redigert saman med Kjell Erik Heggelund (Cappelen, Oslo) – Read the full text
* 1988 Sverre Udnæs: *Dramatikk 1964–1982* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 1988 Cornelis Vreeswijk: *Sånger* (Bromberg, Stockholm)
* 1990 Ernst Orvil: *Sommer : samlede dikt 1940–1955* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 1991 Ernst Orvil: *Vandringer : samlede dikt 1955–1970* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 1992 Ernst Orvil: *Brekasjer : samlede dikt 1970–1985* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 1993 Sigurd Bodvar: *Leve, det går an : tre prosa-bøker* (Aschehoug, Oslo)
* 1996 Ernst Orvil: *Samlede noveller* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 1997 Gunvor Hofmo: *Etterlatte dikt* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 1997 Ernst Orvil: *Samlede skuespill* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 1998 Ernst Orvil: *Utvalgte dikt* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 1999 Gunvor Hofmo: *Jeg glemmer ingen*
* 2000 Cornelis Vreeswijk: *Skrifter* (Ordfronts förlag, Stockholm)
* 2000 Gunnar Larsen: *En avismanns samlede poesi* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 2001 Sigbjørn Obstfelder: *Samlede dikt* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 2003 *P x 3 : Prøysen, Stevens, Tranströmer* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 2004 Kate Næss: *sekstitallets hemmelige dronning : samlede dikt og gjendiktninger* (Den norske lyrikklubben, Stabekk)
* 2004 Richard Brautigan: *Å føre krig mot den gjengse maratonprosa* (Kolon Forlag, Oslo)
* 2004 Bob Dylan: *Damer i regn* (Gyldendal, Oslo)
* 2010 *Fem stemmer : essays, antologi, lydspor* (Om: Uppdal, Hofmo, Ulven, Heggelund, Nyquist) (Aschehoug, Oslo)

## InfoBox

| Jan Erik Vold | |
| --- | --- |
| Vold in 2010 | |
| Born | (1939-10-18) 18 October 1939
Oslo, Norway |
| Occupation | Lyric poet
Jazz vocal reciter
Translator
Author |
| Period | 1965present |
| Genre | Biography
Non-fiction
Poetry
Poems
Anthologies |
| Relatives | Ragnar Vold (father) |


title: Women's World Chess Championship 2015

text:
# Women's World Chess Championship 2015

The Women's World Chess Championship was held from 16 March to 7 April 2015 in Sochi, Russia. It was a 64-player knockout tournament. It was originally scheduled from 11 to 31 October 2014 but problems in finding a sponsor and host city eventually forced international chess organisation FIDE to announce the postponement of the Championship on 24 September 2014, scheduling it for early 2015 in Sochi. The unclear state of the tournament was highly criticised by the Association of Chess Professionals (ACP).

In the final, Ukrainian Mariya Muzychuk, seeded 8th, defeated Russian Natalia Pogonina, seeded 31st. As a result of this victory, Muzychuk was awarded the title of Grandmaster (GM), qualified for the FIDE World Cup 2015, and earned the right to defend her title in a 2016 match against the winner of the Women's FIDE Grand Prix Series 2013-14, Hou Yifan.

## Participants

The players were selected through national chess championships, zonal tournaments and continental chess championships. 51 players from women's continental and zonal qualifiers: Europe 28, Asia 12, Americas 8 and Africa 3.

The qualified players were announced on 22 January 2015, subject to signing the contract.

Three former world champions were in the field: Alexandra Kosteniuk seeded 5th, Antoaneta Stefanova 9th and Anna Ushenina 15th. Notably, women's world number one and defending champion Hou Yifan from China opted not to play, because of a prior commitment to a chess tournament in Hawaii. Also absent from the world top 10 were Nana Dzagnidze and Kateryna Lagno. (They were replaced by two spots from E13.)

The participating players were seeded by their FIDE rating of March 2015.

1. Humpy Koneru (India), GM, 2581 (R)
2. Ju Wenjun (China), GM, 2557 (WC)
3. Anna Muzychuk (Ukraine), GM, 2552 (E12)
4. Viktorija Cmilyte (Lithuania), GM, 2530 (E12)
5. Alexandra Kosteniuk (Russia), GM, 2529 (E12)
6. Valentina Gunina (Russia), GM, 2528 (E12)
7. Zhao Xue (China), GM, 2527 (R)
8. Mariya Muzychuk (Ukraine), IM, 2526 (R)
9. Antoaneta Stefanova (Bulgaria), GM, 2522 (R)
10. Bela Khotenashvili (Georgia), GM, 2513 (E12)
11. Pia Cramling (Sweden), GM, 2495 (E13)
12. Dronavalli Harika (India), GM, 2492 (WC)
13. Elina Danielian (Armenia), GM, 2488 (E12)
14. Tan Zhongyi (China), WGM, 2487 (R)
15. Anna Ushenina (Ukraine), GM, 2486 (WC)
16. Alisa Galliamova (Russia), IM, 2484 (PN)
17. Tatiana Kosintseva (Russia), GM, 2483 (E12)
18. Marie Sebag (France), GM, 2482 (E12)
19. Lela Javakhishvili (Georgia), IM, 2481 (E12)
20. Elisabeth Paehtz (Germany), IM, 2479 (R)
21. Irina Krush (USA), GM, 2477 (Z2.1)
22. Hoang Thanh Trang (Hungary), GM, 2475 (E12)
23. Huang Qian (China), WGM, 2473 (AS13)
24. Natalia Zhukova (Ukraine), GM, 2471 (PN)
25. Monika Socko (Poland), GM, 2463 (E13)
26. Salome Melia (Georgia), IM, 2459 (E12)
27. Olga Girya (Russia), WGM, 2459 (E13)
28. Shen Yang (China), IM, 2459 (Z3.5)
29. Nino Khurtsidze (Georgia), IM, 2457 (E12)
30. Aleksandra Goryachkina (Russia), WGM, 2456 (J13)
31. Natalia Pogonina (Russia), WGM, 2456 (E12)
32. Lei Tingjie (China), WGM, 2444 (Z3.5)
33. Deysi Cori (Peru), WGM, 2444 (Z2.4)
34. Guo Qi (China), IM, 2443 (J12)
35. Lilit Mkrtchian (Armenia), IM, 2443 (E13)
36. Ekaterina Kovalevskaya (Russia), IM, 2438 (E13)
37. Alina Kashlinskaya (Russia), IM, 2436 (E13)
38. Ekaterina Atalik (Turkey), IM, 2419 (E13)
39. Irine Kharisma Sukandar (Indonesia), IM, 2415 (AS12)
40. Deimante Daulyte (Lithuania), IM, 2395 (E13)
41. Inna Gaponenko (Ukraine), IM, 2384 (E13)
42. Baira Kovanova (Russia), WGM, 2381 (E12)
43. Ketevan Arakhamia-Grant (Scotland), GM, 2379 (E13)
44. Sophie Milliet (France), IM, 2377 (E13)
45. Meri Arabidze (Georgia), IM, 2374 (E13)
46. Sopiko Guramishvili (Georgia), IM, 2367 (E13)
47. Wang Jue (China), WGM, 2365 (Z3.5)
48. Mary Ann Gomes (India), WGM, 2354 (Z3.7)
49. Carolina Lujan (Argentina), IM, 2349 (Z2.5)
50. Zhang Xiaowen (China), WGM, 2349 (Z3.5)
51. Guliskhan Nakhbayeva (Kazakhstan), WGM, 2337 (Z3.4)
52. Yaniet Marrero Lopez (Cuba), WGM, 2322 (Z2.3)
53. Tatev Abrahamyan (USA), WGM, 2322 (Z2.1)
54. Mitra Hejazipour (Iran), WIM, 2302 (Z3.1)
55. Kübra Öztürk (Turkey), WGM, 2284 (E13)
56. Yuanling Yuan (Canada), WIM, 2267 (Z2.2)
57. Nguyen Thi Thanh An (Vietnam), WGM, 2261 (Z3.3)
58. Marisa Zuriel (Argentina), WIM, 2219 (AM)
59. Camilla Baginskaite (USA), WGM, 2192 (Z2.1)
60. Irina Berezina (Australia), IM, 2182 (Z3.6)
61. Akter Liza Shamima (Bangladesh), WIM, 2130 (Z3.2)
62. Amina Mezioud (Algeria), WIM, 2071 (AF)
63. Shrook Wafa (Egypt), WGM, 2058 (AF)
64. Ayah Moaataz (Egypt), WIM, 2022 (AF)

### Qualification paths

## Schedule and prize money

Two days per match were followed by possible tie-breaks on the next day if the match was tied. The only rest day was 1 April the day after the semi-finals.

The total prize-money was 450,000 US dollars, the same as in 2010 and 2012.

| Round | Matches | Tie-breaks | Prize-money (US$) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| First round | 17–18 March | 19 March | 3,750 |
| Second round | 20–21 March | 22 March | 5,500 |
| Third round | 23–24 March | 25 March | 8,000 |
| Quarter-finals | 26–27 March | 28 March | 12,000 |
| Semi-finals | 29–30 March | 31 March | 20,000 |
| Final | 2–5 April | 6 April | loser 30,000<br>winner 60,000 |

## Results

### Final match

Position after move 40 in game 4 of the final.

The final was the only match of the tournament which consisted of four classical games (from 2 to 5 April 2015), played on consecutive days with a rest-day between the semi-final tie-breaks and match 1. Eventual tie-breaks, if needed, were scheduled to play on 6 April 2015, in the same manner as the whole tournament: two rapid games (25+10), i.e. 25 minutes for the whole game plus 10 seconds increment, the two rapid games (10+10), two blitz games (5+3) and an armageddon decider.

Pogonina had the white pieces in the first game. Before the final they had met only once, in the 2007 European Individual Chess Championship, which ended in a draw.

In the final game 4, white pieces belonged to Muzychuk, who opened the game with her favorite 1.е4. Pogonina responded with her favorite 1...е5. In the Scotch Four Knights Game she tried to avoid the main variations by putting the bishop to b4 via c5. The idea allowed Black to duck the home preparation of Muzychuk. White, however, achieved a spatial advantage and overall more favorable game after the opening. Later White decided to advance kingside pawns, weakening own king. The Black also had pawn weaknesses and a sharp and dynamically balanced position emerged. On the move 41 Muzychuk carried out a simplifying combination, transposing to an endgame with two strong passed pawns against a knight. Pogonina was left with no winning chances, and the game ended in a draw on the move 56 after the move repetition.

Women's World Chess Championship Final 2015
|  | Rating | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Mariya Muzychuk (Ukraine)** | **2526** | ½ | 1 | ½ | ½ |  |
| Natalia Pogonina (Russia) | 2456 | ½ | 0 | ½ | ½ |  |

### Bracket

Players were seeded by their March rating. The standard bracket is used, i.e. seed #1 plays #64, #2 plays #63 and so on. The draw of who plays white first is done at the opening ceremony. Pairings published on 3 March.

## InfoBox

| Women's World Chess Championship 2015 | |
| --- | --- |
| Mariya Muzychuk, winner of the 2015 championship | |
| Location | Sochi, Russia |
| Dates | 16 March – 7 April 2015 |
| Competitors | 64 |
| Champion | |
| Mariya Muzychuk | |
|


title: Ranunculus montanus

abstract: Ranunculus montanus, called the mountain buttercup along with other members of its genus, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to the mountains of central and south-central Europe, with perhaps some populations in the Republic of Karelia in Russia. Its cultivar 'Molten Gold' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

text:
# Ranunculus montanus

***Ranunculus montanus***, called the **mountain buttercup** along with other members of its genus, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to the mountains of central and south-central Europe, with perhaps some populations in the Republic of Karelia in Russia. Its cultivar 'Molten Gold' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

## InfoBox

| *Ranunculus montanus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Habit | |
|  | |
| Botanical illustration | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Ranunculales |
| Family: | Ranunculaceae |
| Genus: | *Ranunculus* |
| Species: | ***R. montanus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ranunculus montanus***<br>Willd. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| List * + *Ranunculastrum gracile* Fourr.     + *Ranunculus alpicola* Timb.-Lagr.     + *Ranunculus arolae* Murr     + *Ranunculus gelidus* Schur     + *Ranunculus geraniifolius* Pourr.     + *Ranunculus gouanii* Sm.     + *Ranunculus gracilis* Schleich.     + *Ranunculus lerchenfeldianus* Schur     + *Ranunculus lycoctonifolius* Hegetschw.     + *Ranunculus minutus* Leyb.     + *Ranunculus polymorphus* Rochel     + *Ranunculus preslii* Weihe ex Opiz     + *Ranunculus schurii* Fuss ex Schur     + *Ranunculus szurulensis* Lerchenf. ex Schur     + *Ranunculus tenuifolius* (DC.) Schleich.     + *Ranunculus trilobatus* Kit. ex Schltdl.     + *Ranunculus tuberosus* Schur | |


title: Mary Beth Bowie

abstract: Mary Beth Bowie is a Canadian women's international soccer player who played as a midfielder. She has competed for the Canada women's national soccer team. She was part of the team at the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup. Born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Bowie grew up in Dartmouth and attended Dalhousie University, before playing for the Connecticut Huskies women's soccer program in the U.S. Overall, Bowie made 13 appearances for the Canadian national team, including five starts. Bowie played for the Boston Renegades in the W League, and followed that up by playing locally with Scotia Soccer Club, Athens Soccer Club and Halifax City Soccer Club.

text:
# Mary Beth Bowie

**Mary Beth Bowie** (born 27 October 1978) is a Canadian women's international soccer player who played as a midfielder. She has competed for the Canada women's national soccer team. She was part of the team at the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup.

Born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Bowie grew up in Dartmouth and attended Dalhousie University, before playing for the Connecticut Huskies women's soccer program in the U.S. Overall, Bowie made 13 appearances for the Canadian national team, including five starts.

Bowie played for the Boston Renegades in the W League, and followed that up by playing locally with Scotia Soccer Club, Athens Soccer Club and Halifax City Soccer Club.

## InfoBox

Mary Beth Bowie
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1978-10-27) 27 October 1978 | | |
| Place of birth | Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| College career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1998–2000 | Dalhousie Tigers |  |  |
| 2000–2001 | Connecticut Huskies |  |  |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2001 | Boston Renegades |  |  |
| International career | | | |
|  | Canada | 13 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 19 June 1999 (before the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup) | | | |


title: Millpark Cricket Club

abstract: Millpark Cricket Club was a cricket club in Gilford, County Down, Northern Ireland, that last played in Section 2 of the NCU Senior League. The club, originally based at Millpark, an area located between Gilford and Banbridge, moved the short distance to its second and final home Banford Green, in 1969. In 2017, the club merged with Donaghcloney Cricket Club under the name Donaghcloney Mill Cricket Club. Having spent most of its years in the lower leagues, Millpark's golden era was in the late 1990s and early 2000s when Irish Internationals, David Dennison, and brothers Alan and Noel Nelson returned to their boyhood club from near neighbours Waringstown CC. These years saw the club win NCU Section 4, gain promotion again the following year, and share the prestigious NCU Junior Cup in 1999. Following the retirement of the three internationals, Millpark consolidated for some years in the third tier of the NCU, before slipping back to the bottom league. Recruiting players was an increasing problem, and in 2015 the decision was taken to fold the second team, and in 2017 it was accepted that the club would be unable to continue in its current state. After assessing a number of options available in the local area the decision was made to approach their nearest neighbours in Donacloney who accepted the merger option.

text:
# Millpark Cricket Club

**Millpark Cricket Club** was a cricket club in Gilford, County Down, Northern Ireland, that last played in Section 2 of the NCU Senior League. The club, originally based at Millpark, an area located between Gilford and Banbridge, moved the short distance to its second and final home Banford Green, in 1969. In 2017, the club merged with Donaghcloney Cricket Club under the name Donaghcloney Mill Cricket Club.

Having spent most of its years in the lower leagues, Millpark's golden era was in the late 1990s and early 2000s when Irish Internationals, David Dennison, and brothers Alan and Noel Nelson returned to their boyhood club from near neighbours Waringstown CC.

These years saw the club win NCU Section 4 (undefeated in the league), gain promotion again the following year, and share the prestigious NCU Junior Cup in 1999.

Following the retirement of the three internationals, Millpark consolidated for some years in the third tier of the NCU, before slipping back to the bottom league.

Recruiting players was an increasing problem, and in 2015 the decision was taken to fold the second team, and in 2017 it was accepted that the club would be unable to continue in its current state. After assessing a number of options available in the local area the decision was made to approach their nearest neighbours in Donacloney who accepted the merger option.

## Honours

## InfoBox

Millpark
| Team information | |
| --- | --- |
| Home ground | Banford Green |


title: Masayoshi Ito

abstract: Masayoshi Ito Masayoshi Ito was a Japanese political figure. He served as acting Prime Minister of Japan in 1980 after the sudden death of Masayoshi Ōhira. He then served as foreign minister of Japan from 1980 to 1981.

text:
# Masayoshi Ito

**Masayoshi Ito** (伊東 正義, *Itō Masayoshi*, 15 December 1913 – 21 May 1994) was a Japanese political figure. He served as acting Prime Minister of Japan in 1980 after the sudden death of Masayoshi Ōhira. He then served as foreign minister of Japan from 1980 to 1981.

## Early life

Ito was born on 15 December 1913 in Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima, where his grandfather was a member of the Aizu clan.

## Career

Following the death of Masayoshi Ōhira, Ito became the acting prime minister for a brief period of about a month. In this brief period, he received a report in July from the Comprehensive National Security Study Group which encouraged Ito to strengthen Japan–United States relations whilst also increasing Japanese military self-sufficiency in light of developments within socialist Asia, such as the Sino-Vietnamese War and the Soviet invasion in Afghanistan, which seemed to signal reductions in American power on the continent. Following this brief period, Ito served as Foreign Minister from July 1980 to May 1981 in the cabinet of Zenko Suzuki, but he resigned from this position following American outrage at what the US government perceived as the Japanese government distancing itself from the US-Japanese military alliance following the previously mentioned Asian war developments.

Ito developed a reputation as a "clean" and honest politician who did not become mired in scandals, and for this reason was suggested as a possible successor to Prime Minister Noboru Takeshita after he resigned in disgrace due to the Recruit scandal, although Ito expressed doubts about whether the LDP was serious about reform after top party bosses rejected his comprehensive reform agenda and he thus declined.

## Personal life

Ito was a cinephile and a fan of Mitsuko Mori. Ito, then battling with diabetes, died on 21 May 1994.

## InfoBox

| Masayoshi Ito | |
| --- | --- |
| 伊東 正義 | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Acting Prime Minister of Japan | |
| **In office**
12 June 1980  17 July 1980 | |
| Monarch | Shōwa |
| Deputy | Himself |
| Preceded by | Masayoshi Ōhira |
| Succeeded by | Zenkō Suzuki |
| Member of the House of Representatives | |
| **In office**
21 November 1963  21 May 1994 | |
| Constituency | Fukushima 2nd district |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1913-12-15)15 December 1913
Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan |
| Died | 21 May 1994(1994-05-21) (aged 80)
Tokyo, Japan |
| Political party | Liberal Democratic Party |
| Alma mater | Tokyo Imperial University |
|  | |


title: Ogden/Weber Municipal Building

abstract: The Ogden/Weber Municipal Building, at 2541 Washington Blvd. in Ogden, Utah, was built in 1938–1940. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It was funded as a Public Works Administration project. It was designed by architects Hodgson and McClenahan in Art Deco style and built by George A. Whitmeyer & Sons. It is built of warm brick and glazed terra cotta. Its nomination claims that "In many ways it is a 'typical' Art Deco example, resembling the Syracuse Lighting Company Office Building (1932), in Syracuse, New York", but frankly it is a great deal less spectacular than that extraordinary example.

text:
# Ogden/Weber Municipal Building

The **Ogden/Weber Municipal Building**, at 2541 Washington Blvd. in Ogden, Utah, was built in 1938–1940. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

It was funded as a Public Works Administration project. It was designed by architects Hodgson and McClenahan in Art Deco style and built by George A. Whitmeyer & Sons. It is built of warm brick and glazed terra cotta.

Its nomination claims that "In many ways it is a 'typical' Art Deco example, resembling the Syracuse Lighting Company Office Building (1932), in Syracuse, New York", but frankly it is a great deal less spectacular than that extraordinary example.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Ogden/Weber Municipal Building | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 2541 Washington Blvd., Ogden, Utah |
| Coordinates | 41°13′11″N 111°58′13″W / 41.21972°N 111.97028°W / 41.21972; -111.97028 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1938-40 |
| Built by | George A. Whitmeyer & Sons |
| Architect | Hodgson and McClenahan |
| Architectural style | Art Deco |
| MPS | Ogden Art Deco Building TR |
| NRHP reference No. | 83003202 |
| Added to NRHP | June 7, 1983 |


abstract: Government Islamia Science College is located in Karachi, Pakistan. It is one of the largest colleges in Pakistan. The college provides faculties of Science, Law, Commerce and Arts. It is located just opposite Dawood College of Engineering and Technology. Islamia Science College, Islamia Law College, Islamia Commerce and Arts College are in one complex which was founded by Abdul Rehman Quraishi. The college was inaugurated by President Ayub Khan in August 1961.

text:
# Government Islamia Science College, Karachi

**Government Islamia Science College** is located in Karachi, Pakistan. It is one of the largest colleges in Pakistan. The college provides faculties of Science, Law, Commerce and Arts. It is located just opposite Dawood College of Engineering and Technology. Islamia Science College, Islamia Law College, Islamia Commerce and Arts College are in one complex which was founded by Abdul Rehman Quraishi. The college was inaugurated by President Ayub Khan in August 1961.

## History

Abdul Rehman Quraishi was the founder of seventeen schools and colleges which were operational under his own personal administration. He introduced in Karachi the Qureshi Night College. He died on 22 June 1989.

The college has faced many disputes and media attention for political riots and killings. Many students of the Islami Jamiat Talba group have been indulged in fights with PSF and APMSO groups, during the 1970s the college was a centre of gun firing, public shootouts and political nuisances which gave the college a bad reputation.

In 2004, the college faced building issues in which the official assignee karachi, Kadir Bukhsh Umrani filed a rent case before the Rent Controller East Karachi for recovery of rent of the building and vacation of the premises. The Student organization protested against the issue, the students filled local government buses on route no 11C and protested for 30 minutes outside the Karachi Press Club. A student protest outside the Islamia College took an ugly turn on 29 October 2008 after a clash erupted between Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba students and the area police. A female journalist was injured and six students were arrested in the incident, Taha Riaz, IJT head of Islamia College, Nauman Hameed, Makhdoom Hussain, Abdul Wahab, Niaz Ahmed, and Sonu Khan under sections 147 and 148. The students had been given half a road to protest on, but they took over the entire road. When they were asked to clear the way for traffic, especially for ambulances and fire brigades, they instead started pelting stones.

## Notable alumni

## InfoBox

Government Islamia Science College
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Motto | رَبِّ زدْنيِ عِلْماً (Arabic) |
| Motto in English | "O my Lord! Advance me in Knowledge" |
| Type | Intermediate (Pre-Engineering & Pre-Medical) & Undergraduate (BSc – Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Geology, Statistics, Microbiology, Biochemistry, Botany & Zoology) |
| Established | August 1961 |
| Founder | Abdul Rehman Quraishi |
| Students | 3000+ |
| Address | Jigar Muardabadi Roard, M.A Jinnah Road, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan |
| Affiliations | Board of Intermediate Education Karachi |