title: Ganga Talao

abstract: Ganga Talao is a crater lake situated in a secluded mountain area in the district of Savanne, deep in the heart of Mauritius. It is about 550 m (1,800 ft) above sea level. It is considered the most sacred Hindu place in Mauritius. The first group of pilgrims to Ganga Talao were from the village of Triolet and led by Giri Gossayne from Terre Rouge in 1898. The Shiv Mandir is located on the bank of the lake and is dedicated to Shiva, one of the principal deities of Hinduism. There are temples dedicated to other gods as well, including Lord Hanuman, Goddess Ganga, and Lord Ganesh along the Grand Bassin. During Shivaratri, around half a million Hindus in Mauritius go on a pilgrimage to the lake, many walking barefoot from their homes carrying Kanvars.

text:
# Ganga Talao

**Ganga Talao** (commonly known as **Grand Bassin**) is a crater lake situated in a secluded mountain area in the district of Savanne, deep in the heart of Mauritius. It is about 550 m (1,800 ft) above sea level. It is considered the most sacred Hindu place in Mauritius. The first group of pilgrims to Ganga Talao were from the village of Triolet and led by Giri Gossayne from Terre Rouge in 1898.

The Shiv Mandir is located on the bank of the lake and is dedicated to Shiva, one of the principal deities of Hinduism. There are temples dedicated to other gods as well, including Lord Hanuman, Goddess Ganga, and Lord Ganesh along the Grand Bassin. During Shivaratri, around half a million Hindus in Mauritius go on a pilgrimage to the lake, many walking barefoot from their homes carrying Kanvars.

## Etymology

Ganga Talao literally means the "Lake of Ganga", an allusion to the Grand Bassin's symbolic connection with the Indian river Ganga (Ganges).

## History

In 1866, when Pandit Sanjibonlal came back to Mauritius after his first indentured contract was over, he came as a merchant via Réunion Island and brought with him the souvenir of Grand Bassin and cloth from India to be sold to the resident labourers. With the money gained, he bought the mansion of Mr Langlois at Triolet and materialised his dream of making Grand Bassin a pilgrimage place. The Hindus believe firmly that they should, as often as possible, visit and take a bath in the Ganga to celebrate the main festival of Shiva. Pandit Ji had already won esteem of the French as a landowner, so he easily got permission to begin his project.

During his stay as indentured laborer he had spotted the divine appeal of Grand Basin. He converted the existing building into a temple and after some problems with the law he was allowed to proceed with the changes. Some artisans who were engaged in building Sockalingam Meenatchee Ammen Kovil in Port Louis helped in giving the temple the present shape. He went to India and brought back a huge Shivalingam, along with other deities, and had them consecrated in the sanctorum. It is the only temple in Mauritius where Bhairava (an avatar of Shiva) is consecrated inside a temple along with Shiva and his Family. He was the first to start the pilgrimage towards Grand Bassin following the consecration in 1866. The consecration was a huge festival where he donated land, cart with oxen and huge amount of money to the officiating priests (Chaturvedi) and others from Plaine des Papayes.

Others could not go save his servants because the labourers were not allowed to take leave for religious purposes. Through word of mouth all labourers stated their wish to participate. He used his contacts and requested for permission. A first delegation headed by himself and some other rich retired labourers including Jhummun Gosagne Napal accompanied him in 1895, following the route he had already made in previous years when only his close friends have been there. The first halt was in Port Louis Madras road where he possessed a house. From there the next resting place was Vacoas at Padarath Ojha's place and then the procession with jhal and dholak and small kanvars moved to Grand Bassin. This was the nth time that Shivaratri was celebrated at Triolet under the priestship of Pandit Sanjibonlal.

In the meantime, other folk tales were added to that place and it got the name of Paritalao. It was believed that fairies used to come and dance during the night there. So, it is Sanajibonlall also popularly known as Mousse Langlois ke Baba who put dreams of Ganga in the subconscious mind of Jhummun Gossagne and helped to make the festival look as it is celebrated today. Later Prime Minister Ramgoolam brought Ganga water from Gomukh and mixed it with the already pure water of Grand Bassin and renamed it Ganga talao.

In 1897 Shri Jhummon Giri Gosagne Napal, a ‘pujari’ (priest) - of the Giri suborder of Dasnami Gosain (Goswami) Brahmins, a mainly Shaivite sect - of Triolet together with a 'pujari' priest from Goodlands Sri Mohanpersad saw in a dream the water of the lake of Grand Bassin springing from the ‘Jahnvi’, thus forming part of Ganga. The news of the dream spread rapidly and created quite a stir in the Hindu community. The following year, pilgrims trekked to Grand Bassin to collect its water to offer to Lord Shiva on the occasion of Maha Shivaratri. The lake was then known as the ‘Pari Talao’. In 1998 it was declared a "sacred lake". In 1972, some holy water from the Ganges River was mixed establishing a symbolic link with the sacred Indian River and the lake was renamed Ganga Talao.

## Events

During the Maha Shivaratri most of the devotees leave their homes and start a journey to Grand Bassin on foot. It has been a tradition that volunteer people offer foods and drinks to the pilgrims *(the devotees)*.

## Mangal Mahadev - Shiva Statue

Mangal Mahadev is 33 m (108 ft)-tall statue of the Hindu god, Shiva, standing with his trident at the entrance of Ganga Talao. Inaugurated in 2007, it is the tallest statue in Mauritius and a faithful copy of the Shiva statue in Sursagar Lake in Vadodara, Gujarat in India.

## Durga Mata Murti and Shiva Murti

The statues are of 33 m (108 ft) tall. Durga Pooja and Navaratri are celebrated very grandly with many Hindu Mauritians assembling near the statue for the grand celebrations.

Shiva Ratri is also celebrated very grandly and it is a national holiday. Very auspicious day to Hindus at Mauritius.

## InfoBox

| Ganga Talao | |
| --- | --- |
| Ganga Talab; Grand Bassin | |
| Ganga Talao lake in Mauritius | |
| Ganga Talao | |
| Location | Mauritius |
| Coordinates | 20°25′05″S 57°29′31″E / 20.41806°S 57.49194°E / -20.41806; 57.49194 |
|  | |
| Surface elevation | 550 m (1,800 ft) |
|  | |
| Settlements | Savanne |


title: Mart Müürisepp

abstract: Mart Müürisepp is an Estonian stage, film, and television actor.

text:
# Mart Müürisepp

**Mart Müürisepp** (born 28 October 1991) is an Estonian stage, film, and television actor.

## Early life and education

Mart Müürisepp was born and raised in Tallinn. He attended secondary school at the Jakob Westholm Gymnasium, graduating in 2011.

## Acting career

In 2008, while still attending classes in the 10th grade at the Jakob Westholm Gymnasium, Müürisepp was approached to appear in the starring role of Tom in the Hannu Salonen directed crime-drama feature film *Vasha*, about a naïve sixteen-year-old schoolboy who finds himself to be an unwitting accomplice in a deadly game of vengeance after befriending Artur (played by Mehmet Kurtuluş), a Chechen man who is eager to avenge the murder of his family. After filming was completed, Müürisepp returned to Jakob Westholm Gymnasium to finish his secondary education as well as studying acting and puppetry from 2009 until 2011 at the Estonian Puppet and Youth Theatre (NUKU) in Tallinn.

In 2011, shortly after graduation, Müürisepp was offered an engagement as a stage actor at the NUKU, which he accepted. He is still currently employed at the theatre. Some of his most memorable roles since joining the NUKU include those in stage productions by such varied international playwrights and authors as: Victor Hugo, Franz Kafka, Astrid Lindgren, Mati Unt, and Oscar Wilde, among others.

Also, in 2011, Müürisepp began appearing on the TV3 television drama series *Päikese poole* in the role of Tom. The series starred singer Getter Jaani and ended production in 2012. Müürisepp also had a small role on the TV3 comedy series *Unistuste agentuur* in 2011.

In 2012, Müürisepp appeared as Risto in the Andres Kõpper and Arun Tamm directed dark-comedy feature film *Vasaku jala reede* for Tallinn Skyline Productions. The film chronicles eight groups of different people who cross paths in the space of twenty-four hours due to some very bad decisions.

In 2014, he was a contestant and ultimate winner on TV3's *Su nägu kõlab tuttavalt*, the Estonian version of *Your Face Sounds Familiar*, an interactive reality television franchise series where celebrity contestants impersonate singers. Müürisepp's impersonations included Antonio Banderas, Nancy Sinatra, Rolf Roosalu, Shaggy, James Hetfield of Metallica, Tina Turner, and Jaak Joala, among others. In 2016, he appeared on the second season of the Kanal 2 series *Suur Komöödiaõhtu*, in which several Estonian celebrities compete in a variety of weekly comedic challenges.

Also in 2016, Müürisepp played the role of Ken-Priidik in the René Vilbre directed comedy feature film *Klassikokkutulek*, for Taska Film. *Klassikokkutulek* follows three middle-aged men (played by Mait Malmsten, G-Enka aka Henry Kõrvits, and Ago Anderson) who decide to attend their twenty-fifth high school reunion. In 2019, he appeared in the Mart Sander directed fantasy-horror film *Kõhedad muinaslood*. In 2021, he followed with the role of Markus in the Priit Pääsuke directed comedy-drama *Öölapsed*.

## Personal life

Mart Müürisepp currently resides in Tallinn. He has previously been romantically linked to actress Kaisa Selde.

## InfoBox

| Mart Müürisepp | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1991-10-28) 28 October 1991<br>Tallinn, Estonia |
| Nationality | Estonian |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 2009  present |


title: Walternienburg-Bernburg culture

abstract: Walternienburg-Bernburger Kultur refers to a mid-neolithic culture which was focused on the area of modern Saxony-Anhalt, the Thuringian Basin and Franconia from 3200 to 2800 BC. It consisted of two regional groups, Walternienburg and Bernburg which interacted closely with each other. Both are named after burial sites in Saxony-Anhalt. Alfred Götze identified the Bernburg type in 1892 and the Walternienburg in 1911. Nils Åberg linked them together as the Walternienburg-Bernburg Culture in 1918, as two closely connected or completely co-extensive cultures. This suggestion is no longer valid, however, since the two cultures have clearly distinct funerary and burial practices. The earlier large stone graves attributed to the Walternienburg culture are today assigned to the Tiefstichkeramik culture and the shape of pottery belonging to the Walternienburg culture shows that it was in the Tiefstichkeramik tradition.

text:
# Walternienburg-Bernburg culture

**Walternienburg-Bernburger Kultur** refers to a mid-neolithic culture which was focused on the area of modern Saxony-Anhalt, the Thuringian Basin and Franconia from 3200 to 2800 BC. It consisted of two regional groups, Walternienburg and Bernburg which interacted closely with each other. Both are named after burial sites in Saxony-Anhalt. Alfred Götze identified the Bernburg type in 1892 and the Walternienburg in 1911. Nils Åberg linked them together as the Walternienburg-Bernburg Culture in 1918, as two closely connected or completely co-extensive cultures. This suggestion is no longer valid, however, since the two cultures have clearly distinct funerary and burial practices. The earlier large stone graves attributed to the Walternienburg culture are today assigned to the Tiefstichkeramik culture and the shape of pottery belonging to the Walternienburg culture shows that it was in the Tiefstichkeramik tradition.

## History

The Bernburg Culture emerged about 3200 BC as a late southern offshoot of the Funnelbeaker culture.

## Material artifacts

The Walternienburg group is recognisable by the appearance of sharply articulated handle-cups and hanging vessels with eyelets. The vessels of the Bernburg group on the other hand are rather bulbous, concave, and curved in an 's' shape. The pottery of both groups is decorated with deep incisions, which were partially filled with a white paste and thereby made to stand out. The dominant ceramic forms are decorated and undecorated bulbous handled cups, belly amphorae, funnel beakers and bowls. Clay drums also appear. Especially typical is the presence of double-axes, and slate blades, as well as triangular and trapezoidal flint arrowheads. The group lacks two major types of artefacts which are typical of the funnelbeaker culture: funnelbeakers and collar bottles.

## Burials

The graves take on many forms. Common forms include flat graves, stone cists and stone chamber tombs. Communal burials in Totenhütte are found at Schönstedt and Benzingerode. Rampenkiste and Mauerkammern are also widespread. The skeletal material shows evidence of trepanation.

### Relative Quantity

The 178 excavated graves (Stand 1982) can be divided as follows:

* 86 (48,3 %): Bernburg Culture
* 40 (22,5 %): Walternienburg Culture
* 12 (6,75 %): Walternienburg and Bernburg Culture
* 34 (19%): Walternienburg-Bernburg Culture
* 5 (2,75 %): Globular Amphora culture (which is associated with the Bernburg forms)
* 1 (0,5 %): corded ware culture.

The separation of the Walternienburg-Bernburg culture into two separate cultures in Hesse and along the Havel is apparent in the funerary and burial remains. The graves of the Bernburg culture are in Thuringia and North Harzvorland, while the Walternienburg culture is concentrated in the Havel watershed. In the area around Quedlinburg, in eastern Harzvorland and around Köthen however, a clear mixing of the forms of both cultures can be observed in the inventories of graves.

## Settlements

Village settlements and fortified citadel settlements are widespread. Known citadels with multiple graves are found on the Lang Berg in Dölauer Heide near Halle, the Schalkenburg near Quenstadt and the Steinkuhlenberg near Derenburg.

## Economy

The basis of the economy was agriculture and cattle farming. Emmer, Einkorn, barley and flax were known and grown. They are known to have domesticated cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, dogs and horses.

## Genetics

Brandt et al. 2013 found that the emergence of the Bernburg Culture was accompanied by a significant genetic shift. People of the Bernburg Culture were found to be closely related to people of the Scandinavian Funnelbeaker culture, having a much higher proportion of maternal lineages associated with hunter-gatherers. While previous cultures of the area displayed genetic affinites to the Middle East, the Bernburg culture is shifted towards Northern Europe.

Haak et al. 2015 examined the remains of a Salzmünde/Bernburg male buried in Esperstedt, c. 3360-3086 BC. He was found to be a carrier of the paternal haplogroup I2a1b1a1 and the maternal haplogroup T2b.

Beau et al. 2017 noted that the emergence of the Bernburg culture was associated by a significant increase in hunter-gatherer lineages as compared to previous cultures of Central Europe. The amount of hunter-gatherer maternal lineages among the Bernburg people was estimated at c. 30%. Similar high levels of hunter-gatherer lineages is observable among Funnelbeaker groups further north. The authors of the study suggested that the Bernburg culture emerged through the migration of peoples from Scandinavia.

Stolarek et al. 2018 examined remains from the 1st to 2nd century AD site of Kowalenko, Poland, which was part of the Iron Age Wielbark culture. The mtDNA of the females examined was found to be most closely related to the Bernburg culture, while the mtDNA of the males was found to be most closely related to the Jutland Iron Age. A later study by Stolarek et al. 2019 examined the 2nd to 4th century AD site at Masłomęcz, Poland, also ascribed to the Wielbark culture. The mtDNA of the examined individuals was very similar to that of the Bernburg culture. It was found that several major cultures of Late Neolithic, Bronze Age and Iron Age cultures, such as the Corded Ware culture, Bell Beaker culture and Unetice culture, shared strong maternal genetic affinity with the Bernburg culture.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

Bernburg Culture
| Geographical range | Harzvorland up to the Thuringian Basin |
| --- | --- |
| Period | Late Neolithic |
| Dates | 3100 BC - 2700 BC. |
| Characteristics | decorated/undecorated bulbous cups with broad handles, amphorae, storage containers with perforated rims, wave-edged vessels, clay drums |


title: Viban Francis Bayong

abstract: Viban Francis Bayong is a Cameroonian former footballer who last played for QAF of the Brunei Super League in 2010. He was top scorer for three consecutive seasons in the Brunei Premier League.

text:
# Viban Francis Bayong

**Viban Francis Bayong** (born 28 December 1975) is a Cameroonian former footballer who last played for QAF of the Brunei Super League in 2010. He was top scorer for three consecutive seasons in the Brunei Premier League.

## Career

Bayong was a player for Sable FC and was also reported to have been signed by Dinamo Zagreb before arriving in Brunei in 2004. He played for the Brunei representative side in the second tier of the Malaysian league for one season, scoring a 15-minute hattrick against PDRM FA on 20 June. He bagged a total of 8 goals for the Wasps, behind Silas Liberato da Silva with 11.

QAF FC signed Bayong at the start of the 2005–06 Brunei Premier League season. He scored 33 goals to finish as top scorer in the league, two of the goals coming in the deciding game for the championship, a 2–3 win over MS ABDB in the second-to-last round. He also scored five goals in a 12–3 mauling of March United in the FA Cup, although they were knocked out by their armymen rivals through penalties in the following round.

With no league action for QAF until November 2007, both Bayong and Japanese playmaker Dan Ito were loaned to DPMM FC at the start of the 2006–07 Malaysia Super League, whom despite gaining promotion to the Super League were struggling to fill their import quota after the exit of Rodrigo Tosi and Mladen Alajbeg. He made his Malaysian league return after three years by scoring against Pulau Pinang after coming on as a substitute on 20 December. With the loan deal ended after one month, Bayong contributed four goals in four games altogether in a stellar season for DPMM and helped them reach third place at the conclusion of the league.

Bayong and QAF were losing finalists to ABDB for the 2006 Brunei League Cup. With both clubs fighting for the 2007-08 championship which began in late 2007, QAF lost the league fixture 0–3 to ABDB on 2 January. Bayong's club then rallied to end the season without dropping anymore points, while a shock loss to Indera FC after a draw with AH United left the armymen trailing in second place. QAF managed to hold ABDB to a 2–2 draw in the penultimate game of the season to retain their crown. Bayong and Budiman Jumat of ABDB were joint-top scorers of the league with 18 goals each.

Bayong's last season for QAF FC was the 2009–10 Brunei Premier League, when afterwards hiring import players were forbidden in the following season. Thanks to his goals QAF were unbeaten in the league up until the 17th league match on 16 February 2010 when his brace to down AH United 0–2 clinched their third successive title. He also lifted the League Cup the previous November. Two losses to MS ABDB took off the gloss of his swansong: the final game of the season ended QAF's 34-game unbeaten run, and the year's FA Cup final also went to the armymen despite his goal taking the match to 2–1 in the 61st minute.

## Conviction

Bayong and his wife were indicted for multiple accounts of people smuggling among other charges in 2015. They were both found guilty in summer 2017, with Bayong being sentenced to five years and four months' jail or one months' jail in default of fine payment. The Cameroonian then appealed to the Bruneian court later that year but it was rejected.

## Honours

### Team

QAF FC

### Individual

## InfoBox

Viban Bayong
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Viban Francis Bayong | | |
| Date of birth | (1975-12-28) 28 December 1975 | | |
| Place of birth | Cameroon | | |
| Position(s) | Striker | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Sable FC |  |  |
| 2002 | Dinamo Zagreb |  |  |
| 2004 | Brunei |  | (8) |
| 2005–2010 | QAF FC |  | (70) |
| 2006–2007 | DPMM FC (loan) | 4 | (4) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 11 July 2018 | | | |


title: MicF RNA

abstract: The micF RNA is a non-coding RNA stress response gene found in Escherichia coli and related bacteria that post-transcriptionally controls expression of the outer membrane porin gene ompF. The micF gene encodes a non-translated 93 nucleotide antisense RNA that binds its target ompF mRNA and regulates ompF expression by inhibiting translation and inducing degradation of the message. In addition, other factors, such as the RNA chaperone protein StpA also play a role in this regulatory system. The expression of micF is controlled by both environmental and internal stress factors. Four transcriptional regulators are known to bind the micF promoter region and activate micF expression.

text:
# MicF RNA

The **micF RNA** is a non-coding RNA stress response gene found in *Escherichia coli* and related bacteria that post-transcriptionally controls expression of the outer membrane porin gene ompF. The micF gene encodes a non-translated 93 nucleotide antisense RNA that binds its target ompF mRNA and regulates ompF expression by inhibiting translation and inducing degradation of the message. In addition, other factors, such as the RNA chaperone protein StpA also play a role in this regulatory system. The expression of micF is controlled by both environmental and internal stress factors. Four transcriptional regulators are known to bind the micF promoter region and activate micF expression.

## Species distribution

Homologues of MicF RNA have been characterised by Southern blotting in a variety of bacteria including *Salmonella typhimurium*, *Klebsiella pneumoniae*, and *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*. MicF has also been identified computationally in *Yersinia pestis* and *Yersinia enterocolitica*.

## InfoBox

| MicF RNA | |
| --- | --- |
| Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of MicF | |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | MicF |
| Rfam | RF00033 |
| Other data | |
| RNA type | Gene; antisense |
| Domain(s) | Bacteria |
| GO | GO:0006950  GO:0003729 |
| SO | SO:0000383 |
| PDB structures | PDBe |


title: WJZZ (FM)

abstract: WJZZ is a radio station at 88.1 MHz in Montgomery, New York. The station, organized as a 501(c)(3), went off the air in September 2018, due to lack of funding; the station briefly broadcast again on August 22, 2019, to keep its license.

text:
# WJZZ (FM)

**WJZZ** is a radio station at 88.1 MHz in Montgomery, New York.

The station, organized as a 501(c)(3), went off the air in September 2018, due to lack of funding; the station briefly broadcast again on August 22, 2019, to keep its license.

## History

### Call sign

The call letters WJZZ originally belonged to an FM station in Bridgeport, Connecticut. It started in 1960 by John E. Metts, of Weston, Connecticut, the Vice President of a Bridgeport news station, WICC. Mr. Metts started the venture in partnership with Dave Brubeck as the program director. The Connecticut WJZZ began as an all-jazz station and was one of the pioneers of the "all-jazz" format. In 1964 it switched to broadcasting the "Top 60" classical performances, compiled in part by Leonard Bernstein. In early 1967, when it began broadcasting in FM stereo, it expanded its lineup to the "Top 100" classical performances while still retaining its original WJZZ call sign. WJZZ dropped the call letters to become WPSB on September 13, 1971; the station changed later to WEZN-FM.

In 1974, the WJZZ call letters landed on Detroit station WCHD-FM. WJZZ (105.9 FM) was a popular classic jazz/jazz fusion station in Detroit and became one of the first U.S. stations ever to use the smooth jazz format. WJZZ was flipped to an urban contemporary format in August 1996, and its call sign changed back to WCHD, then later to WDMK. When Bell Broadcasting dropped the WJZZ call letters from the Detroit station, it parked them at stations it owned elsewhere in the state, first 1250 AM in Bridgeport, Michigan, then 1210 AM in Kingsley.

In June 2001, 107.5 FM in the Atlanta area changed format to smooth jazz and adopted the WJZZ call letters; it is now WAMJ. From 2009 to 2014, the calls were assigned to a radio station in North Salem, New York that is now WPUT.

In the summer of 2024, WJZZ returned to the air, broadcasting the internet stream of EDM-formatted Pulse 87, thus bringing the format and branding back to terrestrial FM in New York state; "Pulse 87" had been last heard on WNYZ-LD until 2009, and now puts the station in competition with Pamal Broadcasting's top 40 (CHR)-formatted WSPK.

## Translators

| Call sign | Frequency | City of license | FID | ERP () | HAAT | Class | Transmitter coordinates | FCC info |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| W201DO | 88.1 FM | Milford, Pennsylvania | 156320 | 55 | −32  (−105 ft) | D | 41°20′10.3″N 74°47′43.5″W / 41.336194°N 74.795417°W / 41.336194; -74.795417 | LMS |
| W258CU | 99.5 FM | Redwood, New York | 139344 | 1 | 0 m (0 ft) | D | 40°58′19.3″N 72°20′52.2″W / 40.972028°N 72.347833°W / 40.972028; -72.347833 | LMS |

## InfoBox

WJZZ
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 88.1 MHz |
| Branding | Pulse 87 |
| Programming | |
| Format | Dance/EDM |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Hudson Valley Public Radio, Inc. |
| History | |
| Former call signs | * WGMY (2006–2009) * WNYX (2009–2014) * WQCD (2014) |
| Call sign meaning | Jazz |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 89510 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | * 1,150 watts * 60 watts (APP) |
| HAAT | 35 meters (115 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates |  |
| Translator(s) | * W258CU 99.5 (Redwood, NY) * W201DO 88.1 (Milford, PA) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | www.pulse87ny.com |


title: Piri Vaszary

abstract: Piroska "Piri" Vaszary was a Hungarian film actress.

text:
# Piri Vaszary

**Piroska "Piri" Vaszary** (19 May 1901 – 2 October 1965) was a Hungarian film actress.

## Life

### Family

Born 19 May 1901 in Budapest, Piroska's father was Gábor Vaszary (born in Kaposvár, on 13 March 1866) main-notar of Budapest, her mother was Auguszta Csipka. Her brothers were Gábor Vaszary (or Gábor von Vaszary) (7 June 1897 in Budapest – 22 May 1985) a Hungarian novelist and screenwriter, who emigrated to Switzerland and Johann von Vásáry or János Vaszary (1899–1963) a Hungarian actor, screenwriter, playwright and film director, Lili Muráti's husband. Her uncle was János Vaszary (30 November 1867 – 19 April 1939) a Hungarian painter and graphic artist. Her grand-grandfather's half-brother was Kolos Ferenc Vaszary, O.S.B. (12 February 1832 in Keszthely, Hungary – 3 September 1915 in Balatonfüred, Hungary) a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, archbishop of Esztergom.

### Career

She has been close her studies in Szidi Rákosi's Academy of Theatre in 1920. After she played in a lot of theatres in Budapest. In the end of 1944 she emigrated to Austria, after to Germany. She lived in France, in Spain, in Argentina, in Venezuela and in Canada. From 1948 until 1954 played in Argentinian Hungarian Society of Theater, in 1959 also in Venezuela.

She has already starred in silent films, "The Miracle Doctor" and "The Lady of the East," as well as in an audio film initiative, "Laughing Lady." He became a constant comedian in Hungarian films. She shaped her roles with exceptional caricature. She also appeared in the German film "Spring Parade" in 1935. She was also popular with her cabaret couples. She has appeared in many audio films.

### Private life

She was married three times. In 1924 she married Andor Feld, an industrialist, from whom she divorced in 1926. Her second husband from 1929, was Árpád Horváth became the director of National Theatre (Budapest), from whom she also divorced in 1932. Thirdly, she married the physician Endre Bodócsy (in Budapest, Erzsébetváros, on 14 June 1932). They had two children, Piroska (26 April 1933) and in 1942 Endre.

She died on 2 October 1965 in Palma de Mallorca, Spain.

## Selected filmography

## Bibliography

* Simon, Andrew L. *Made in Hungary: Hungarian Contributions to Universal Culture*. Simon Publications, 1998.


title: Mary J. Johnson Woodlen

abstract: Mary J. Johnson Woodlen (1870-1933) was an influential suffragist in Wilmington, Delaware. She was vice president of the Wilmington chapter of NAACP, a founding member of the Wilmington Equal Suffrage Study Club, and a major religious speaker at Methodist churches in the area.

text:
# Mary J. Johnson Woodlen

**Mary J. Johnson Woodlen** (1870-1933) was an influential suffragist in Wilmington, Delaware. She was vice president of the Wilmington chapter of NAACP, a founding member of the Wilmington Equal Suffrage Study Club, and a major religious speaker at Methodist churches in the area.

## Biography

Mary J. Johnson was born in 1870 in Virginia to James and Edmonia (Garnet) Johnson.

By 1900, she moved to Wilmington, Delaware. She married John H. Woodlen, Sr., who was a widower with two children.

Woodlen volunteered at the Layton Home for Aged Colored Persons, and served on the home's Senior Board during the 1910's. She worked with other active suffragists like Blanche Williams Stubbs and Florence Bayard Hilles, who were part of the Junior Board.

In 1913, she worked with Stubbs, Dr. J. Bacon Stubbs, and Alice Dunbar to incorporate a new social service agency: the Thomas Garrett Settlement. This offered programs like kindergarten, art and music classes, athletics, health clinic, and meeting spaces.

Woodlen became the vice president of the Wilmington chapter of the NAACP in 1914.

In 1916, she formed the Delaware Federation of Colored Women's Clubs, and at their annual meeting in 1918, she became the chaplain. The Federation sponsored an Industrial School for Colored Girls, and Woodlen was on the school's board of directors.

### Suffrage Activism

Woodlen was part of the Equal Suffrage Study Club from its inception on March 19, 1914. The meeting was held at the home of Emma Gibson Sykes, and Woodlen was a major part of the club's activist work. The participants created networks to support the community and suffrage efforts. This included the Howard School, the Layton and Sarah Ann White homes, the Garrett Settlement, the NAACP, and other local African American women's clubs. This was one of Delaware's most active suffragist groups.

In May 1914, Wilmington held its first suffrage parade and the Equal Suffrage Study Club marched as a contingent, leading the segregated section at the back of the parade.

Woodlen also made her voice known by writing to local papers. One letter to the editor addressed a racist editorial that opposed enfranchisement for African American women with demeaning stereotypes. Woodlen's response challenged the assumption that Black women would vote mindlessly for Republicans.

In February 1921, the National Woman's Party (NWP) unveiled a statue of Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton in Washington, D.C.. Addie Hunton of the NAACP was appalled that the NWP refused to defend African American women's voting rights, and Alice Dunbar-Nelson formed a delegation of six Delaware women, including Woodlen and Stubbs, to go to Washington and confront NWP president Alice Paul.

They joined a larger contingent already in Washington led by Mary Church Terrell. They held a protest at the 19th St. Baptist Church against the "flagrant disregard of the enforcement of the 19th amendment in the Southern states." They traveled to the headquarters of the NWP to address Paul, but the chairwoman insisted that disenfranchisement was a race issue, not a woman's issue.

Woodlen continued to support the Republican Party in Delaware. She led registration and voting drives in Black neighborhoods, and supported the election of Conwell Banton, an African American physician, to the Board of Education.

Woodlen had a key role in the Wilmington Colored Women's Republican Club, also called the League of Colored Republican Women. Their mission was to register 100% of the colored women in the city, and they held registration and get-out-the-vote efforts for the November 1920 election. Woodlen was elected to the finance committee.

In 1924, she ran to be a delegate at the Republican State Convention. She was a visible presence in the 1924 and 1928 presidential elections in her role as an elected committeewoman.

She was much in demand for her spiritual guidance, especially in Methodist churches. Newspaper announcements contained regular notices of her sermons and addresses.

### Later life and death

Her husband died in 1915, and she lived with her stepson John.

On February 8, 1933, Woodlen died of diabetes and a cerebral hemmorage. She was buried at Mt. Olive cemetery.

## References/Notes

## InfoBox

| Mary J. Johnson Woodlen | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1870
Virginia |
| Died | February 8, 1933(1933-02-08) (aged 62–63)
Wilmington, Delaware |
| Occupation | Suffragist |
| Spouse(s) | John H. Woodlen, Sr. |
| Children | 2 Step-children |
| Parent(s) | James and Edmonia (Garnet) Johnson |


title: Xite 4K

abstract: XITE 4K is a Canadian English language Category B television channel owned by XCAN Networks Inc. The channel broadcasts music videos in 4K resolution from current popular music artists from various genres including pop, dance, hip-hop, and more.

text:
# Xite 4K

**XITE 4K**  is a Canadian English language Category B television channel owned by XCAN Networks Inc. The channel broadcasts music videos in 4K resolution (ultra-high-definition television) from current popular music artists from various genres including pop, dance, hip-hop, and more.

## History

In June 2017, it was announced that Dutch-based music broadcaster, XITE, was launching a television channel in Canada that month, called XITE 4K, exclusively, initially, on Rogers Cable. Although parties involved in launching the service and media reports did not specifically refer to the channel as a Canadian version of XITE, as opposed to a foreign service, through Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission documents, it was confirmed to be a Canadian version, launched as an exempt service, not requiring a broadcast licence to launch.

## InfoBox

XITE 4K
| **XITE 4K 4K logo** | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Canada |
| Broadcast area | National |
| Headquarters | Toronto, Ontario |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | XCAN Networks Inc. |
| History | |
| Launched | June 2017 |


title: Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó

abstract: Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó was an Equatoguinean politician. He was the 5th Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea having served from 11 July 2004 to 14 August 2006. He was a member of the Bubi ethnic group. Abia Biteo lived and studied in the Soviet Union, where he became a mining engineer. After returning to Equatorial Guinea he began to work for the government and became one of the most powerful officials in his country's oil industry. He was Minister of Finance from 1999 until 2000, when he was forced to resign following a corruption scandal. He was once a close ally of the President, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo. Abia Biteo served as Minister of State in charge of Relations with Parliament and Legal Affairs of the Presidency prior to being appointed Prime Minister on 11 July 2004; his government was announced on 14 July. President Obiang directed serious criticism at Abia Biteo during 2006, and his government resigned on 10 August 2006. Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea was appointed to succeed him on 14 August. Abia Biteo remained tortured in Black Beach prison in Malabo as of 2007 and died on 6 December 2012 apparently due to a cardiac arrest.

text:
# Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó

**Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó** (11 January 1961 – 6 December 2012) was an Equatoguinean politician. He was the 5th Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea having served from 11 July 2004 to 14 August 2006. He was a member of the Bubi ethnic group.

Abia Biteo lived and studied in the Soviet Union, where he became a mining engineer. After returning to Equatorial Guinea he began to work for the government and became one of the most powerful officials in his country's oil industry. He was Minister of Finance from 1999 until 2000, when he was forced to resign following a corruption scandal. He was once a close ally of the President, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo.

Abia Biteo served as Minister of State in charge of Relations with Parliament and Legal Affairs of the Presidency prior to being appointed Prime Minister on 11 July 2004; his government was announced on 14 July.

President Obiang directed serious criticism at Abia Biteo during 2006, and his government resigned on 10 August 2006. Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea was appointed to succeed him on 14 August.

Abia Biteo remained tortured in Black Beach prison in Malabo as of 2007 and died on 6 December 2012 apparently due to a cardiac arrest.

## InfoBox

| Miguel Abia Biteo | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea | |
| **In office**
11 July 2004  14 August 2006 | |
| Preceded by | Cándido Muatetema Rivas |
| Succeeded by | Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó
(1961-01-11)11 January 1961
Baney, Spanish Guinea |
| Died | 6 December 2012(2012-12-06) (aged 51)
Malabo, Equatorial Guinea |
| Cause of death | Myocardial infarction |
| Citizenship | Equatorial Guinean |
| Political party | Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea |
| Occupation | Politician |
|  | |


title: 1901–02 Milan FBCC season

abstract: During the 1901–02 season Milan Foot-Ball and Cricket Club competed in the Italian Football Championship, the Medaglia del Re and the FGNI Tournament.

text:
# 1901–02 Milan FBCC season

During the **1901–02** season **Milan Foot-Ball and Cricket Club** competed in the Italian Football Championship, the Medaglia del Re and the FGNI Tournament.

## Summary

In the 1901–02 season, Milan reached the final of the Italian Championship for the second time in a row, this time without playing any knockout game being winner of the previous edition, but lost against Genoa. The final of the tournament was strangely played in Genoa instead of Milan, who were the title holders. Some sources explain the change of venue of the final by hypothesizing an economic compensation given by the *Genoans* in favor of Milan planyers.

This season, Milan won the third and final edition of the Medaglia del Re, thus earning the right to retain the trophy. Worth mentioning the victory in the semi-finals against the rivals of Genoa, with a 4–1 score.

In May 1902 the team participated in the *Campionato Nazionale di Ginnastica* (National Gymnastics Championship) football tournament. After eliminating Vicenza in the semi-finals (3-1), the club won the trophy ex aequo with Andrea Doria at the end of a final that ended with a goalless draw.

## Squad

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  GK  ENG Hoberlin Hoode  GK  ITA Giulio Ermolli  GK  ITA Gerolamo Radice  DF  SUI Alfred Cartier  DF  SUI Hans Heinrich Suter  DF  FRA Louis Wagner  DF  ITA Carlo Ferrarese  DF  ITA Andrea Meschia  MF  ENG Herbert Kilpin (Captain)  MF  SUI Otto Mayer  MF  ITA Alberto Pirelli  MF  ITA Daniele Angeloni  MF  ITA Francesco Angeloni  MF  ITA Giannino Camperio | No. Pos. Nation Player  MF  ITA Giulio Cederna  MF  ITA Giuseppe Rizzi  MF  ITA Guido Valerio  MF  SUI Paul Arnold Walty  MF  ITA Angelo Delfino Parodi  FW  ITA Antonio Dubini  FW  ENG Samuel Richard Davies  FW  ITA Attilio Formenti  FW  ITA Riccardo Luzzati  FW  GER Johann Ferdinand Mädler  FW  ITA Guido Pedroni  FW  ENG Edward Wade  FW  SUI Ettore Negretti  FW  ITA Guerriero Colombo |
| --- | --- |

### Transfers

| In | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Pos. | Name | from | Type |
| GK | Giulio Ermolli | Mediolanum |  |
| MF | Giulio Cederna | Basilea |  |
| MF | Giuseppe Rizzi | Mediolanum |  |

| Out | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Pos. | Name | To | Type |
| DF | Alfred Cartier | Genoa |  |
| DF | Catullo Gadda |  |  |
| MF | Kurt Lies |  |  |
| FW | David Allison |  | *Career end* |
| FW | Edward Dobbie | FC Torinese |  |
| FW | Penvhyn Llewellyn Neville |  | *Career end* |
| FW | Agostino Recalcati | Mediolanum |  |

## Competitions

### Italian Football Championship

#### Final

| 13 April 1902 1 | **Genoa** | **2-0** | **Milan** | Genoa |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 40' Salvadè
85' Pasteur | Report |  | Stadium: Campo sportivo di Ponte Carrega
Referee: Savage |

### Medaglia del Re

#### Quarterfinals

| 9 February 1902 1 | **Milan** | **9-1** | **Mediolanum** | Milan |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Kilpin
Gregoletto
Rizzi
Negretti
Cederna | Report | Luzzato | Stadium: Campo Trotter
Referee: Albert Weber |

#### Semifinal

| 16 February 1902 1 | **Milan** | **4-1** | **Genoa** | Milan |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | ? (aut.)  20'
Wade
Negretti
Colombo | Report | 55' Parodi | Stadium: Campo Trotter |

#### Final

| 23 February 1902 1 | **Milan** | **7-0** | **Torinese** | Milan |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Kilpin
Rizzi
Cederna | Report |  | Stadium: Campo Trotter
Referee: Bosisio |

### Torneo FGNI

#### Semifinal

| 29 May 1902 1 | **Milan** | **3-1** | **Vicenza** | Milan |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | ? | Report | ? | Stadium: Arena Civica |

#### Final

| 31 May 1902 1 | **Milan** | **0-0** (a.e.t.) | **Andrea Doria** | Milan |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: Arena Civica |

## Statistics

### Squad statistics

| Competition | Points | Home | | | | | | Away | | | | | | Total | | | | | | GD |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | G | W | D | L | Gs | Ga | G | W | D | L | Gs | Ga | G | W | D | L | Gs | Ga | |
| 1902 Italian Football Championship | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | -2 |
| Medaglia del Re | - | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 2 | +18 |
| Torneo FGNI | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | +2 |
| Total | - | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 23 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 23 | 5 | +18 |

### Players statistics

| No. | Pos | Nat | Player | Total | | Italian Football Championship | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
|  | GK | ENG | Hoberlin Hoode | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | GK | ITA | Giulio Ermolli | 1 | -2 | 1 | -2 |
|  | GK | ITA | Gerolamo Radice | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | DF | SUI | Alfred Cartier | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | DF | ITA | Andrea Meschia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | DF | ITA | Carlo Ferrarese | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
|  | DF | SUI | Hans Heinrich Suter | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
|  | MF | ITA | Daniele Angeloni | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
|  | MF | ENG | Herbert Kilpin | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
|  | MF | ITA | Giannino Camperio | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | MF | ITA | Giulio Cederna | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | MF | SUI | Otto Mayer | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | MF | ITA | Giuseppe Rizzi | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | MF | ITA | Guido Valerio | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | MF | SUI | Paul Arnold Walty | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | MF | ITA | Alberto Pirelli | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | MF | FRA | Louis Wagner | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
|  | FW | ENG | Edward Wade | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
|  | FW | ITA | Antonio Dubini | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
|  | FW | ENG | Samuel Richard Davies | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
|  | FW | ITA | Guerriero Colombo | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | FW | ITA | Attilio Formenti | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | FW | SUI | Ettore Negretti | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
|  | FW | GER | Johann Ferdinand Mädler | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
|  | FW | ITA | Guido Pedroni | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

## Bibliography

* *Almanacco illustrato del Milan, ed: 2, March 2005*. Panini.
* Enrico Tosi. *La storia del Milan, May 2005*. Italia/Italy cid Tosi.
* *Milan. Sempre con te, December 2009*. Mondadori. 2009. ISBN 978-88-04-59118-4.

## InfoBox

Milan Foot-Ball and Cricket Club
| 1901–02 season | |
| --- | --- |
| President | Alfred Edwards |
| Manager | Herbert Kilpin |
| Stadium | Campo Trotter
Arena Civica |
| Italian Football Championship | Runner-up |
| Medaglia del Re | **Winner** |
| Torneo FGNI | **Winner** |
| Top goalscorer | League:
All: Giulio Cederna
Herbert Kilpin (5) |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Mepivacaine

abstract: Mepivacaine is a local anesthetic of the amide type. Mepivacaine has a reasonably rapid onset and medium duration of action and is marketed under various trade names including Carbocaine and Polocaine. Mepivacaine became available in the United States in the 1960s. Mepivacaine is used in any infiltration and local anesthesia. It is supplied as the hydrochloride salt of the racemate, which consists of R(-)-mepivacaine and S(+)-mepivacaine in equal proportions. These two enantiomers have markedly different pharmacokinetic properties. Mepivacaine was originally synthesized in Sweden at the laboratory of Bofors Nobelkrut in 1956.

text:
# Mepivacaine

**Mepivacaine** /mɛˈpɪvəkn/ is a local anesthetic of the amide type. Mepivacaine has a reasonably rapid onset (less rapid than that of procaine) and medium duration of action (longer than that of procaine) and is marketed under various trade names including **Carbocaine** and **Polocaine**.

Mepivacaine became available in the United States in the 1960s.

Mepivacaine is used in any infiltration and local anesthesia.

It is supplied as the hydrochloride salt of the racemate, which consists of R(-)-mepivacaine and S(+)-mepivacaine in equal proportions. These two enantiomers have markedly different pharmacokinetic properties.

Mepivacaine was originally synthesized in Sweden at the laboratory of Bofors Nobelkrut in 1956.

## InfoBox

Mepivacaine
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Clinical data | |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Consumer Drug Information |
| MedlinePlus | a603026 |
| Pregnancy
category |  |
| ATC code |  |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name * (*RS*)-*N*-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)- 1-methyl-piperidine-2-carboxamide | |
| CAS Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| IUPHAR/BPS |  |
| DrugBank |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| UNII |  |
| KEGG |  |
| ChEBI |  |
| ChEMBL |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.002.313 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C15H22N2O |
| Molar mass | 246.354 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| SMILES * O=C(Nc1c(cccc1C)C)C2N(C)CCCC2 | |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C15H22N2O/c1-11-7-6-8-12(2)14(11)16-15(18)13-9-4-5-10-17(13)3/h6-8,13H,4-5,9-10H2,1-3H3,(H,16,18) Y * Key:INWLQCZOYSRPNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y | |
| (verify) | |


title: Vexillum hervieri

abstract: Vexillum hervieri is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Costellariidae, the ribbed miters.

text:
# Vexillum hervieri

***Vexillum hervieri*** is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Costellariidae, the ribbed miters.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 15 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off New Caledonia, the Society Islands and Tuamotu Islands.

## InfoBox

| *Vexillum hervieri* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shell of *Vexillum hervieri* (syntype at MNHN, Paris) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Turbinelloidea |
| Family: | Costellariidae |
| Genus: | *Vexillum* |
| Species: | ***V. hervieri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Vexillum hervieri***<br>(Dautzenberg & Bouge, 1923) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Mitra (Pusia) hervieri* Dautzenberg & Bouge, 1923 (basionym) * *Mitra (Pusia) hervieri var. decipiens* Dautzenberg & Bouge, 1923 * *Pusia hervieri* (P. Dautzenberg & J.L. Bouge, 1923) * *Vexillum (Pusia) hervieri* (Dautzenberg & Bouge, 1923) * *Vexillum decipiens* (. Dautzenberg & J.L. Bouge, 1923) | |


abstract: Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT or MCMT) is an organomanganese compound with the formula (C5H4CH3)Mn(CO)3. Initially marketed as a supplement for use in leaded gasoline, MMT was later used in unleaded gasoline to increase the octane rating. Following the implementation of the Clean Air Act (United States) (CAA) in 1970, MMT continued to be used alongside tetraethyl lead (TEL) in the US as leaded gasoline was phased out (prior to TEL finally being banned from US gasoline in 1995), and was also used in unleaded gasoline until 1977. Ethyl Corporation obtained a waiver from the U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) in 1995, which allows the use of MMT in US unleaded gasoline (not including reformulated gasoline) at a treat rate equivalent to 8.3 mg Mn/L (manganese per liter). MMT has been used in Canadian gasoline since 1976 (and in numerous other countries for many years) at a concentration up to 8.3 mg Mn/L (though the importation and interprovincial trade of gasoline containing MMT was restricted briefly during the period 1997–1998) and was introduced into Australia in 2000. It has been sold under the tradenames HiTEC 3000, Cestoburn and Ecotane. MMT is also used in China.

text:
# Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl

**Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl** (**MMT** or **MCMT**) is an organomanganese compound with the formula (C5H4CH3)Mn(CO)3. Initially marketed as a supplement for use in leaded gasoline, MMT was later used in unleaded gasoline to increase the octane rating. Following the implementation of the Clean Air Act (United States) (CAA) in 1970, MMT continued to be used alongside tetraethyl lead (TEL) in the US as leaded gasoline was phased out (prior to TEL finally being banned from US gasoline in 1995), and was also used in unleaded gasoline until 1977. Ethyl Corporation obtained a waiver from the U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) in 1995, which allows the use of MMT in US unleaded gasoline (not including reformulated gasoline) at a treat rate equivalent to 8.3 mg Mn/L (manganese per liter).

MMT has been used in Canadian gasoline since 1976 (and in numerous other countries for many years) at a concentration up to 8.3 mg Mn/L (though the importation and interprovincial trade of gasoline containing MMT was restricted briefly during the period 1997–1998) and was introduced into Australia in 2000. It has been sold under the tradenames HiTEC 3000, Cestoburn and Ecotane. MMT is also used in China.

## History of usage in the United States

Although initially marketed in 1958 as a smoke suppressant for gas turbines, MMT was further developed as an octane enhancer in 1974. When the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ordered the phase out of TEL in gasoline in 1973, new fuel additives were sought. TEL has been used in certain countries as an additive to increase the octane rating of automotive gasoline but has been phased out in all countries since July 2021.

In 1977, the US Congress amended the CAA to require advance approval by the EPA for the continued use of fuel additives such as MMT, ethanol, ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), etc. The new CAA amendment required a "waiver" to allow use of fuel additives made of any elements other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (within certain limits) and nitrogen. To obtain a waiver, the applicant was required to demonstrate that the fuel additive would not lead to a failure of vehicle emission control systems.

Ethyl Corporation applied to the US EPA for a waiver for MMT in both 1978 and 1981; in both cases the applications were denied because of stated concerns that MMT might damage catalytic converters and increase hydrocarbon emissions. In 1988, Ethyl began a new series of discussions with the EPA to determine a program for developing the necessary data to support a waiver application. In 1990, Ethyl filed its third waiver application prompting an extensive four-year review process. In 1993, the U.S. EPA determined that use of MMT at 8.3 mg Mn/L would not cause, or contribute to, vehicle emission control system failures.

Despite that finding, the EPA ultimately denied the waiver request in 1994 due to uncertainty related to health concerns regarding manganese emissions from the use of MMT.

As a result of this ruling, Ethyl initiated a legal action claiming that the EPA had exceeded its authority by denying the waiver on these grounds. This was upheld by the US Court of Appeals and EPA subsequently granted a waiver which allows the use of MMT in US unleaded gasoline (not including reformulated gasoline) at a treat rate equivalent to 8.3 mg Mn/L.

Implementation of this alternative to TEL has been controversial. Manganese compounds have, in general, very low toxicity, but their combustion products still irreversibly foul catalytic converters. Opposition from automobile manufacturers and some areas of the scientific community has reportedly prompted oil companies to stop voluntarily the usage of MMT in some of their countries of operation.

MMT is currently manufactured in the U.S. by the Afton Chemical Corporation, a subsidiary of New Market Corporation. It is also produced and marketed as Cestoburn by Cestoil Chemical Inc. in Canada.

## Structure and synthesis

MMT is manufactured by reduction of bis(methylcyclopentadienyl) manganese using triethylaluminium. The reduction is conducted under an atmosphere of carbon monoxide. The reaction is exothermic, and without proper cooling, can lead to catastrophic thermal runaway.

MMT is a so-called half-sandwich complex, or more specifically a "piano-stool" complex (since the three CO ligands are like the legs of a stool). The manganese atom in MMT is coordinated with three carbonyl groups as well as to all five main carbon atoms of the methylcyclopentadienyl ring. These hydrophobic organic ligands make MMT highly lipophilic.

A variety of related complexes are known, including ferrocene, which has also been used as an additive to gasoline. Many derivatives of MMT are known.

## Safety

The human and environmental health impacts that may result from the use of MMT will be a function of exposure to either: (1) MMT in its original, unchanged, chemical form and/or (2) manganese combustion products emitted from vehicles operating on gasoline containing MMT as an octane improver.

### Pre-combustion storage and handling

The general public has minimal direct exposure to MMT. As stated by the US EPA in their risk assessment on MMT, "except for accidental or occupational contacts, exposure to MMT itself was not thought likely to pose a significant risk to the general population." Similarly, the Australian National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme (NICNAS) stated that "\[m\]inimal public exposure to MMT is likely as a result of spills and splashes of LRP \[lead replacement petrol\] and aftermarket additives".

The MMT dossier registered in the European Chemical Agency's webpage indicates that before combustion in gasoline, MMT is classified as an acute toxicant by the oral, dermal, and inhalation routes of exposure under the European Union's Classification, Labeling and Packaging Regulation (EC/1272/2008), implementing the Global Harmonized System (GHS) of Classification and Labeling. The US ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry) notes that MMT is very unstable in light and degrades to a mixture of less harmful substances and inorganic manganese in less than 2 minutes. Therefore, human exposure to MMT prior to combustion in gasoline would not likely occur at significant levels.

The US OSHA (Occupational Health and Safety Administration) has not established a permissible exposure limit specifically for MMT. However, OSHA has set a permissible exposure limit at a ceiling of 5 mg/m3 for manganese and its compounds, while the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommends workers not be exposed to more than 0.2 mg/m3, over an eight-hour time-weighted average. In Europe, the MMT DNELs (Derived No Effect Level) for workers by the inhalation and dermal routes of exposure are 0.6 mg/m3 and 0.11 mg/kg-day, respectively. The MMT DNELs for the general population by the inhalation and dermal routes of exposure are 0.11 mg/m3 and 0.062 mg/kg-day, respectively.

### Combustion products

In 1994 (reaffirmed in 1998, 2001 and 2010), Health Canada concluded that "airborne manganese resulting from the combustion of MMT in gasoline powered vehicles is not entering the Canadian environment in quantities or under conditions that may constitute a health risk" and confirmed they were taking no action with respect to MMT. Similarly, the 2003 NICNAS report states that the airborne concentrations of manganese as a result of car emissions from vehicles using fuel containing MMT poses no health hazard.

The assessment conducted by NICNAS asserts that "\[m\]anganese, the principle degradation by-product from combustion of MMT, is naturally occurring and ubiquitous in the environment. It is an essential nutrient of plants and animals. Environmental exposure to Mn compounds will mostly arise through the gaseous phase. Eventually, these will deposit to land and waters. The emission of Mn into the environment from use of fuels containing MMT is unlikely to develop to levels of concern and therefore poses a low risk for terrestrial or aquatic environments."

Additional health studies, overseen by the US EPA, were conducted to explain the transport of manganese in the body. In studies published from 2007 through 2011, no significant health effects are anticipated from the use of MMT in gasoline.

### Overall combined risk assessment

Based on the low potential for the release of concentrated MMT (before its combustion in gasoline) under normal storage and use, as well as its rapid photo-degradation properties, it has been concluded in multiple technical and global regulatory assessments that significant impacts to human health or the environment from MMT use are not anticipated. NICNAS concluded that there is "low occupational risk associated with MMT" both "for workers involved in formulating and distributing LRP or aftermarket fuel additives and those involved in automotive maintenance". Further, they also concluded that there is a "low risk" to the public from the use of MMT.

Significant human or environmental exposures associated with manganese compounds (manganese phosphate, manganese sulfate and manganese dioxide) from the combustion of MMT are not expected. In Health Canada's risk assessment on the health implications of the manganese combustion products of MMT, it was concluded that manganese exposures from MMT use are unlikely to pose a risk to health for any sub-group of the population. NICNAS similarly concluded that chronic Mn exposures (from all sources combined) are unlikely to be significantly changed by the use of MMT as a fuel additive.

In 2013, a risk assessment on MMT was developed by ARCADIS Consulting and verified by an independent panel, according to the methodology provided by the European Commission in compliance with the requirements of the European Fuel Quality Directive (2009/30/EC). The conclusions of a risk assessment are that "for MMT and its transformation products, when MMT is used as a fuel additive in petrol, no significant human health or environmental concerns related to exposure to either MMT or its transformation \[combustion\] products (manganese phosphate, manganese sulfate and manganese tetroxide) were identified at use at levels up to 18 mg Mn/L. Depending on the regional needs and the vehicle emission control technology available, an MMT treat rate in the range of 8.3 mg Mn/L to 18 mg Mn/L is scientifically justified and may deliver both environmental and economic benefits without significant adverse effects."

## T2 Laboratories explosion and fire

On December 19, 2007 an explosion and fire occurred in the production of MMT in Florida, which killed four people and injured fourteen.

## InfoBox

Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Names | |
| IUPAC name tricarbonyl(methyl-η5-cyclopentadienyl)manganese | |
| Other names MMT, CI-2, Combustion Improver-2, Manganese tricarbonylmethylcyclopentadienyl, 2-Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.031.957 |
| EC Number | * 235-166-5 |
| PubChem CID |  |
| RTECS number | * OP1450000 |
| UNII |  |
| UN number | 3281 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C6H7.3CO.Mn/c1-6-4-2-3-5-6;3\*1-2;/h2-5H,1H3;;;;/q-1;;;;Key: IYSGJCJSRBFZSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
| SMILES * CC1=C\[CH-\]C=C1.\[O+\]#C\[Mn-2\](C#\[O+\])C#\[O+\] | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C9H7MnO3 |
| Molar mass | 218.09 g/mol |
| Appearance | pale yellow to dark orange liquid |
| Odor | faint, pleasant |
| Density | 1.38 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | −1 °C (30 °F; 272 K) |
| Boiling point | 232 to 233 °C (450 to 451 °F; 505 to 506 K) |
| Solubility in water | low |
| Solubility | Hydrocarbons (petrol), ether, alcohol, THF |
| Vapor pressure | 7 mmHg (100°C) |
| Structure | |
| Coordination geometry | Tetrahedral at Mn |
| Hazards | |
| **Occupational safety and health** (OHS/OSH): | |
| Main hazards | Flammable, toxic |
| **GHS** labelling: | |
| Pictograms |  |
| Signal word | **Danger** |
| Hazard statements | H301, H310, H315, H330, H372, H410 |
| Precautionary statements | P260, P273, P280, P284, P301+P310, P302+P350 |
| Flash point | 110 °C; 230 °F; 383 K |
| **NIOSH** (US health exposure limits): | |
| PEL (Permissible) | C 5 mg/m3 |
| REL (Recommended) | TWA 0.2 mg/m3 \[skin\] |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | N.D. |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds | ferrocene
Mn2(CO)10
dicyclopentadiene |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is YN ?)  Infobox references | |


title: W. R. Richards

abstract: Walter R. Richards was an American football coach. He was a captain in the United States Coast Guard.

text:
# W. R. Richards

**Walter R. Richards** (January 10, 1904 – October 12, 1991) was an American football coach. He was a captain in the United States Coast Guard.

## Coaching career

Richards was the head football coach at United States Coast Guard Academy in New London, Connecticut for four seasons, from 1926 to 1929, compiling a record of 7–17–3.

Richards was the head coach of the first victory of the football program at the academy, a 45–0 victory over the Harvard junior varsity team.

## Personal life

Richards was married to Esther Roberta Cooper (June 6, 1906 – April 24, 1982), whom he wed on November 14, 1925, at New London. Upon her death he survived her. He died in 1991 and was interred alongside his wife at Gardner Cemetery in New London.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Coast Guard Bears** *(Independent)* (1926–1929) | | | | | | | | |
| 1926 | Coast Guard | 2–2 |  |  |  |
| 1927 | Coast Guard | 1–6 |  |  |  |
| 1928 | Coast Guard | 3–3–2 |  |  |  |
| 1929 | Coast Guard | 1–6–1 |  |  |  |
| **Coast Guard:** | | 7–17–3 |  |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 7–17–3 |  | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

W. R. Richards
| Biographical details | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1904-01-10)January 10, 1904
Connecticut, U.S. |
| Died | October 12, 1991(1991-10-12) (aged 87)
New London, Connecticut, U.S. |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| 1926–1929 | Coast Guard |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 7–17–3 |
|  | |


title: Piri Peéry

abstract: Piri Peéry (1904–1962) was a Hungarian stage and film actress. She appeared as a character actress in a number of Hungarian film productions.

text:
# Piri Peéry

**Piri Peéry** (1904–1962) was a Hungarian stage and film actress. She appeared as a character actress in a number of Hungarian film productions.

## Selected filmography

## Bibliography

* Laura, Ernesto G. *Tutti i film di Venezia, 1932–1984*. La Biennale, Settore cinema e spettacolo televisivo, 1985.
* Sammons, Eddie. *Shakespeare: A Hundred Years on Film*. Scarecrow Press, 2004.

## InfoBox

| Piri Peéry | |
| --- | --- |
| Peéry in 1930 | |
| Born | 12 May 1904
Budapest, Austro-Hungarian Empire |
| Died | 31 December 1962 (aged 58)
Pécs, Hungary |
| Occupation(s) | Actress, Screenwriter |
| Years active | 1935–1961 (film) |


title: Verão 90

abstract: Verão 90 is a Brazilian telenovela produced and broadcast by TV Globo. It premiered on 29 January 2019, replacing O Tempo Não Para, and ended on 26 July 2019, being replaced by Bom Sucesso. It was created by Izabel de Oliveira and Paula Amaral in collaboration with Daisy Chaves, Isabel Muniz, João Brandão, and Luciane Reis. It was directed by Ana Paula Guimarães, Diego Morais, and Tila Teixeira, with the general direction of Jorge Fernando and Marcelo Zambelli and the artistic direction of Jorge Fernando. Verão 90 features Isabelle Drummond, Rafael Vitti, Jesuíta Barbosa, Cláudia Raia, Dira Paes, Klebber Toledo, Humberto Martins, and Camila Queiroz in the main roles.

text:
# Verão 90

***Verão 90*** (English title: ***The Incredible '90s***) is a Brazilian telenovela produced and broadcast by TV Globo. It premiered on 29 January 2019, replacing *O Tempo Não Para*, and ended on 26 July 2019, being replaced by *Bom Sucesso*. It was created by Izabel de Oliveira and Paula Amaral in collaboration with Daisy Chaves, Isabel Muniz, João Brandão, and Luciane Reis. It was directed by Ana Paula Guimarães, Diego Morais, and Tila Teixeira, with the general direction of Jorge Fernando and Marcelo Zambelli and the artistic direction of Jorge Fernando. *Verão 90* features Isabelle Drummond, Rafael Vitti, Jesuíta Barbosa, Cláudia Raia, Dira Paes, Klebber Toledo, Humberto Martins, and Camila Queiroz in the main roles.

## Plot

In 1980, when she was only ten years old, Manuzita was the host of her own television program, but she is forced to start a contest to find a co-star or the show would be canceled. Brothers João and Jerônimo sneak off to the auditions and are both chosen. The trio form the group *Patotinha Mágica*, which became a huge national success. While Manuzita and João gained attention as a couple, Jerônimo was left out by the press and develops a hatred for his brother. During a huge performance, João gets sick and faints onstage. His mother (Dira Paes) is accused of negligence and the case ends up in the main newspapers, causing the termination of advertising contracts and the group to disband. Ten years later, in 1990, Manu (Isabelle Drummond) is an actress, but has not been successful and tries to regain her fame, accepting any work to achieve it. João (Rafael Vitti) is the host of a radio program and Jerônimo (Jesuíta Barbosa) has gambling debts. When her car breaks down, Manu is reunited with João and they begin to date, causing jealousy from Jerônimo.

Also seeking fame, Jerônimo returned to Rio de Janeiro, lying that he was the son of diplomats, to win the friendship of millionaires Quinzinho (Caio Paduan), Candé (Kayky Brito) and Tobé (Bernardo Marinho), with the help of scammer Galdino (Gabriel Godoy) and lover Vanessa (Camila Queiroz). Despite his lie being discovered, Jerônimo got a high position at PopTV, as compensation when he helped free Quinzinho from jail, after he accidentally caused the death of VJ Nicole (Barbara France), setting up João to be arrested instead. Three years have passed and, in 1993, João has the chance to prove his innocence when he is released, much to the dismay of Jerônimo, who managed not only to maintain his standard of living, but also to stay with Manu. In addition, Vanessa returns from abroad to take revenge on her ex-lover after he left her in the past.

## Cast

* Isabelle Drummond as Manuela Renata Andrade (*Manu* / *Manuzita*)
* Rafael Vitti as João Guerreiro
* Jesuíta Barbosa as Jerônimo Guerreiro / Rojê Guerreiro
* Cláudia Raia as Lidiane Andrade / Lidi Pantera
* Dira Paes as Janaína Guerreiro
* Humberto Martins as Herculano Mendes / Hércules Gatão
* Camila Queiroz as Vanessa Dias
* Klebber Toledo as Patrick Vandenbergh Brasil
* Flávio Tolezani as Raimundo
* Débora Nascimento as Gisela Ferreira Lima Mendes (*Gigi*)
* Fabiana Karla as Madalena Sampaio (*Madá*)
* Marcos Veras as Álamo Sampaio
* Alexandre Borges as Joaquim Ferreira Lima (*Quinzão*)
* Totia Meireles as Mercedes Ferreira Lima
* Caio Paduan as Joaquim Ferreira Lima Filho (*Quinzinho*)
* Marina Moschen as Larissa Almeida de Castro Gomes
* Kayky Brito as Carlos André Almeida de Castro Gomes (*Candé*)
* Cláudia Ohana as Janice Guerreiro
* Miguel Rômulo as Leonardo Farias / Sabrina
* Sérgio Malheiros as Diego Guerreiro Pereira
* Jeniffer Nascimento as Cristina Moura (*Kika*)
* Gabriel Godoy as Galdino Camargo
* Luiz Henrique Nogueira as Jofre Araújo (*Jofre Cachorrão*)
* Marcelo Valle as Murilo Fraga
* Maria Carol Rebello as Diana Mendes
* Val Perré as Otoniel Pereira
* Dandara Mariana as Dandara Brasil
* Bernardo Marinho as Tobias Cassini (*Tobé*)
* Renata Motta Lima as Vera Regina
* Giovana Cordeiro as Moana Aguiar
* Marília Martins as Dirce
* Alexandre David as Floriano
* Ícaro Silva as Ticiano
* Marcela Siqueira as Tânia
* Renata Imbriani as Marta
* Felippe Luhan as Manjubinha
* Ivo Gandra as Codorna
* André Junqueira as Lacerda
* Lucas Domso as Jorge Figueira (“Figueirinha”)
* Orlando Caldeira as Catraca
* Duda Wendling as Isadora Ferreira Lima Mendes
* Alana Cabral as Clarissa Guerreiro Pereira

### Guest cast

* Barbara França as Nicole Ferraz
* Lazuli Barbosa as Adriana
* Pamela Côto as Flavinha
* Tarcísio Filho as Alexander Hall, Duque de Kiev (*Duke of Kiev*)
* Adriana Machado as Marina

## Production

Originally entitled *Anos Incríveis* (Incredible Years), the telenovela began to be developed by Izabel de Oliveira and Paula Amaral in the second half of 2015 and had the synopsis approved in March 2016. Originally it was planned to premiere in January 2018, replacing *Pega Pega*. In February 2017, however, it was decided that it would premiere in the second half of 2018, giving its place to *Deus Salve o Rei*, as a strategy to compete with Record's historical dramas. In August 2017 the telenovela changed its name to *Verão 90 Graus* (Summer 90 Degrees) and later shortened to *Verão 90* (Summer '90), since *Anos Incríveis* belonged to ABC as the title of the series *The Wonder Years* in Brazil. In March 2018 it was announced that *Verão 90* would be postponed again, giving its place to *O Tempo Não Para*, which until then would be its replacement. The second postponement was due to the fact that the plot addresses the consequences of the Collor Plan, however it came up against the possible candidacy of Fernando Collor de Mello in the 2018 elections, which could be seen as negative propaganda. In addition, the broadcaster was having trouble obtaining the copyright for several music videos from the 1990s, as it intended to show part of them constantly during the story. Because of the postponements, several cast members ended up being moved to other telenovelas.

The telenovela initially would be directed by Natália Grimberg and Allan Fiterman, however, after the postponements, both moved to other projects, and were replaced by Jorge Fernando and Marcelo Zambelli. *Verão 90* was the last telenovela directed by Jorge Fernando, who would pass away on 27 October 2019, three months after the last episode had aired. The sets of the telenovela were developed by the set designer José Claudio Ferreira, who took six months to produce them completely. The team's main difficulty was to faithfully reproduce the city of Rio de Janeiro in the 1990s, including famous places frequented by young people in addition to typical elements such as yellow pay phones and street signs of the time. Filming began in October 2018, and concluded in June 2019.

## Ratings

| Season | Timeslot (BRT/AMT) | Episodes | First aired | | Last aired | | Avg. viewers
(points) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Date | Viewers
(in points) | Date | Viewers
(in points) | |
| 1 | MonSat 7:30 p.m. | 154 | 29 January 2019 | 24 | 26 July 2019 | 31 | 26 |
|

## Soundtrack

### Volume 1

| Verão 90: Vol. 1 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Soundtrack album by Various artists | |
| Released | 13 March 2019 |
| Length | 59:44 |
| Label | Som Livre |

***Verão 90: Vol. 1*** is the first soundtrack of the telenovela, released on 13 March 2019 by Som Livre.

| No. | Title | Artist(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Pump Up the Jam" | Technotronic | 3:36 |
| 2. | "Salve Simpatia" | Jorge Ben Jor | 4:06 |
| 3. | "Acelerou" | Djavan | 5:02 |
| 4. | "Toda Forma de Amor" | Lulu Santos | 3:46 |
| 5. | "Preta" | Beto Barbosa | 3:19 |
| 6. | "Your Love" | The Outfield | 3:35 |
| 7. | "Uma Noite e Meia" | Marina Lima | 4:41 |
| 8. | "Do Leme ao Pontal" | Tim Maia | 4:06 |
| 9. | "The Best" | Tina Turner | 4:09 |
| 10. | "Menino do Rio" | Baby do Brasil | 4:26 |
| 11. | "Zanzibar" | A Cor do Som | 3:22 |
| 12. | "Freak Le Boom Boom" | Gretchen | 3:41 |
| 13. | "Good Vibrations" | Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch feat. Loleatta Holloway | 4:29 |
| 14. | "Rio 40 Graus" | Fernanda Abreu | 5:09 |
| 15. | "A Leveza do Amor" | Melissa Nóbrega | 2:17 |
| Total length: | | | 59:44 |

### Volume 2

| Verão 90: Vol. 2 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Soundtrack album by Various artists | |
| Released | 5 April 2019 |
| Length | 56:10 |
| Label | Som Livre |

***Verão 90: Vol. 2*** is the second soundtrack of the telenovela, released on 5 April 2019 by Som Livre.

| No. | Title | Artist(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Saideira" | Skank | 3:47 |
| 2. | "Flores" | Titãs | 3:26 |
| 3. | "Nós Vamos Invadir Sua Praia" | Ultraje a Rigor | 4:15 |
| 4. | "Óculos" | Paralamas do Sucesso | 3:38 |
| 5. | "Olhos Coloridos" | Sandra de Sá | 4:26 |
| 6. | "Please Don’t Go" | Double You | 3:17 |
| 7. | "Step By Step" | New Kids on the Block | 4:27 |
| 8. | "It Must Have Been Love" | Roxette | 4:18 |
| 9. | "Esotérico" | Gilberto Gil | 4:22 |
| 10. | "As Canções que Você Fez pra Mim" | Maria Bethânia | 3:44 |
| 11. | "Bem que se Quis" | Marisa Monte | 3:30 |
| 12. | "Você" | Tim Maia | 4:04 |
| 13. | "Repetition" | Information Society | 4:34 |
| 14. | "The Rhythm of the Night" | Corona | 4:22 |
| Total length: | | | 56:10 |

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Nominated | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2019 | Melhores do Ano | Best Telenovela Actor | Jesuíta Barbosa | Won |  |
| | | Best Revelation Actor | Orlando Caldeira | Nominated | |
| | | Character of the Year | Cláudia Raia | Won | |
|

## InfoBox

| *Verão 90* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Also known as | *The Incredible '90s* |
| Genre | Telenovela
Romantic comedy |
| Created by | * Izabel de Oliveira * Paula Amaral |
| Written by | * Daisy Chaves * Isabel Muniz * João Brandão * Luciane Reis |
| Directed by | * Jorge Fernando * Marcelo Zambelli |
| Starring |  |
| Opening theme | "Pump Up the Jam" by Technotronic |
| Country of origin | Brazil |
| Original language | Portuguese |
| No. of episodes | 154 (110 International version) |
| Production | |
| Camera setup | Multi-camera |
| Running time | 36–49 minutes |
| Production company | Estúdios Globo |
| Original release | |
| Network | TV Globo |
| Release | 29 January (2019-01-29)
26 July 2019 (2019-07-26) |


title: Xiangyin County

abstract: Xiangyin County is a county in Hunan Province, China, it is under the administration of Yueyang City. Located on the southeastern shores of Lake Dongting, the Xiang River runs south to north through the middle lands of the county, the Zi River merges into Dongting in the westeastern margin. Xiangyin is bordered by Yueyang County, Yuanjiang City to the north, Heshan District of Yiyang to the west, Wangcheng District of Changsha to the south, Miluo City to the east. It has an area of 1,581.5 km⁲ (610.6 sq mi) with rough 770,000 of population, the county is divided into 14 township-level divisions, the county seat is Wenxing Town.

text:
# Xiangyin County

**Xiangyin County** (simplified Chinese: 湘阴县; traditional Chinese: 湘陰縣; pinyin: *Xiāngyīn Xiàn*) is a county in Hunan Province, China, it is under the administration of Yueyang City. Located on the southeastern shores of Lake Dongting, the Xiang River runs south to north through the middle lands of the county, the Zi River merges into Dongting in the westeastern margin. Xiangyin is bordered by Yueyang County, Yuanjiang City to the north, Heshan District of Yiyang to the west, Wangcheng District of Changsha to the south, Miluo City to the east. It has an area of 1,581.5 km2 (610.6 sq mi) with rough 770,000 of population, the county is divided into 14 township-level divisions, the county seat is Wenxing Town.

## Administrative divisions

After an adjustment of township-level administrative divisions of Xiangyin county on 20 November 2015, Xiangyin has four townships and 10 towns under its jurisdiction, they are:

4 townships 10 towns

## Notable people

## Climate

| Climate data for Xiangyin (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 23.2
(73.8) | 29.5
(85.1) | 32.5
(90.5) | 34.7
(94.5) | 36.0
(96.8) | 37.4
(99.3) | 39.5
(103.1) | 40.0
(104.0) | 37.2
(99.0) | 34.8
(94.6) | 31.0
(87.8) | 23.7
(74.7) | 40.0
(104.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.3
(46.9) | 11.3
(52.3) | 15.8
(60.4) | 22.1
(71.8) | 26.7
(80.1) | 29.8
(85.6) | 33.2
(91.8) | 32.4
(90.3) | 28.2
(82.8) | 22.8
(73.0) | 17.0
(62.6) | 11.0
(51.8) | 21.6
(70.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.9
(40.8) | 7.6
(45.7) | 11.8
(53.2) | 17.9
(64.2) | 22.6
(72.7) | 26.1
(79.0) | 29.3
(84.7) | 28.5
(83.3) | 24.1
(75.4) | 18.6
(65.5) | 12.7
(54.9) | 7.2
(45.0) | 17.6
(63.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.5
(36.5) | 4.9
(40.8) | 8.9
(48.0) | 14.6
(58.3) | 19.3
(66.7) | 23.2
(73.8) | 26.3
(79.3) | 25.5
(77.9) | 21.1
(70.0) | 15.5
(59.9) | 9.7
(49.5) | 4.4
(39.9) | 14.7
(58.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −6.9
(19.6) | −8.6
(16.5) | −2.1
(28.2) | 2.5
(36.5) | 9.7
(49.5) | 13.1
(55.6) | 19.4
(66.9) | 17.2
(63.0) | 12.4
(54.3) | 3.5
(38.3) | −2.5
(27.5) | −10.7
(12.7) | −10.7
(12.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 78.5
(3.09) | 84.7
(3.33) | 153.0
(6.02) | 179.8
(7.08) | 203.4
(8.01) | 203.1
(8.00) | 174.7
(6.88) | 133.6
(5.26) | 80.4
(3.17) | 75.8
(2.98) | 79.5
(3.13) | 52.1
(2.05) | 1,498.6
(59) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 13.6 | 13.7 | 16.8 | 15.7 | 15.6 | 14.4 | 10.5 | 10.4 | 9.5 | 10.8 | 10.7 | 10.5 | 152.2 |
| Average snowy days | 5.1 | 2.9 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 1.6 | 10.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 81 | 80 | 81 | 79 | 79 | 82 | 76 | 78 | 80 | 81 | 80 | 78 | 80 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 75.6 | 78.5 | 95.4 | 124.9 | 149.5 | 145.5 | 226.1 | 214.5 | 161.6 | 137.7 | 117.5 | 107.1 | 1,633.9 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 23 | 25 | 26 | 32 | 36 | 35 | 53 | 53 | 44 | 39 | 37 | 34 | 36 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Xiangyin County 湘阴县Hsiangyin; Siangyin | |
| --- | --- |
| County | |
| Location of Xiangyin County within Yueyang | |
| XiangyinLocation in Hunan | |
| Coordinates: 28°41′25″N 112°54′33″E / 28.6902°N 112.9092°E / 28.6902; 112.9092 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Hunan |
| Prefecture-level city | Yueyang |
| Area | |
| Total | 1,541.46 km2 (595.16 sq mi) |
| Population | |
| Total | 583,900 |
| Density | 380/km2 (980/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |


title: Miguel A. Torres

abstract: Miguel A. Torres is a Spanish winemaker, author and businessman. He is President and Managing Director of Bodegas Torres, and is a member of the fourth generation of this family business. He also manages the company’s vineyards in Chile and collaborates with his sister Marimar Torres in California.

text:
# Miguel A. Torres

**Miguel A. Torres** (born 1941) is a Spanish winemaker, author and businessman. He is President and Managing Director of Bodegas Torres, and is a member of the fourth generation of this family business. He also manages the company’s vineyards in Chile and collaborates with his sister Marimar Torres in California.

## Early life

In 1957, he started his degree in Chemical Sciences at the University of Barcelona, two years later transferring to the University of Dijon (Bourgogne), where he specialised in oenology and viticulture.

In 1962, he joined the family business, of which he is currently President and Managing Director. Five years after joining the company he married Waltraud Maczassek, a painter and fine arts graduate, who from the very first has collaborated with the company in sales management on the German market. In 1982-1983 he extended his viticulture and oenology studies at the University of Montpellier (France), having taken a sabbatical year.

## Writings on wines

Miguel A. Torres has published various books about the world of wine. His first book, *Viñas y Vinos*, (*Vineyards and Wines*) is currently in its fourth edition in Spanish, revised and updated by Plaza y Janes in 1993 and translated into Catalan, French, English, German, Norwegian, Finnish and Japanese. This first effort was followed by *Vino español, un incierto futuro* (*Spanish Wine, an Uncertain Future*) (1979); *Manual de los vinos de Cataluña* (*Manual of Catalan Wines*) (1982); *Los vinos de España* (*The Wines of Spain*) (1983); *Guía Folio de los Vinos de España* (*Guide sheet to Spanish Wines*) (1985); and *Els Vins del Penedès* (*Wines of the Penedès*) (1987). Likewise he also edited *Enciclopedia del Vino* (*Encyclopaedia of Wine*) for the editorial Orbis.

### Bibliography

* *Viñas y vinos* (*Vineyards and Wines*), Plaza & Janés Editores, 1996. ISBN 84-01-00984-7
* *Els vins del Penedès* (*Wines of the Penedès*), Nuevo Arte Thor, 1987. ISBN 84-7327-150-5
* *Los vinos de España* (*The Wines of Spain*), Ediciones Castell, 1983. ISBN 84-7489-209-0
* Vino español: un incierto futuro (*Spanish Wine, an Uncertain Future*), Editorial Blume, 1979. ISBN 978-84-7031-101-7
* *Manual de los vinos de Cataluña* (*Manual of Catalan Wines*) (1982)
* *Guía Folio de los vinos de España* (*Guide Sheet to Spanish Wines*) (1985)

## Awards

* In 1996 the government of Chile awarded him the Bernardo O’Higgins Order, Grand Officier, in acknowledgement for services towards the improvement of relations between Chile and Spain, as well as contribution to vinicultural development in Chile.
* In 2002 the magazine *Decanter* selected him as “Decanter Man of the Year 2002”.
* In 2005 he received the Personality of the Year award by the magazine *Wine International*.

## Further reading

* Salvat Dictionary of Wine. Mauricio Wiesenthal. Salvat editores, 20001. ISBN 84-345-0932-6


title: 1911 Eastern Suburbs season

abstract: Eastern Suburbs District Rugby Football Club competed in their fourth New South Wales Rugby League season in 1911, winning their maiden premiership.

text:
# 1911 Eastern Suburbs season

**Eastern Suburbs District Rugby Football Club** (now known as the Sydney Roosters) competed in their fourth New South Wales Rugby League **season in 1911**, winning their maiden premiership.

## 1911 playing squad

| No.  Position Player 5  Dan Frawley WG  9  Larry 'Jersey' O'Malley PR  10  Sid 'Sandy' Pearce HK  18  Herbert Henry 'Dally' Messenger CE  20  George Green PR  23  Percy White PR  25  Mick Frawley PR  28  Tom Bruce HB  29  Eddie Griffiths PR  43  Barney Dalton SR  45  Bob Williams PR  49  John 'Dinny' Campbell CE |  | No.  Position Player 50  Leslie Cody HB  51  Fred Kinghorn FB  52  F. Strickland PR  53  Eddie White WG  54  Charlie Lees PR  55  A. Nicholson PR  56  Harold Corbett SR  57  J. Cunningham PR  58  William Dalton PR  59  G. Mackay SR  60  Herb Collins FE |
| --- | --- | --- |

## 1911 results

| Round |  | Opponent | Result | Roosters Score | Opponent Score | Date | Venue | Crowd |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 |  | Annandale Dales | Won | 30 (6-6-0) | 3 (1-0-0) | 29 April 1911 | Agricultural | 2000 |
| 2 |  | North Sydney Bears | Won | 22 (4-5-0) | 9 (1-3-0) | 6 May 1911 | Sports Ground | 5000 |
|

Premiership Round 3. 13 May Glebe Dirty Reds **8** ( Muggivan, L. Cubitt tries; A.Burge goal ) defeated Eastern Suburbs **0** at Wentworth park. crowd 4000

> *"Quite the liveliest, contest of the day was that at Wentworth Park, where about 4000 locals cheered the Reds to victory over the redoubtable Eastern Suburbs. It was fast and furious at times. Two men were carried off Injured. Two more were ordered off the field-one for indiscriminate kicking, and one for unnecessarily rough play. Now and then the spectators, worked to a pitch of excitement, started melees of their own. The game itaelf was a triumph for the local forwards, who ran over the opponents, and the Glebe backs, taking advantage of the situation, notched 8 points to nil.*"

| 4 |  | Newtown Jets | Lost | 7 (1-2-0) | 16 (4-2-0) | 20 May 1911 | Sports Ground | 15000 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 5 |  | Balmain Tigers | Won | 16 (4-2-0) | 11 (3-1-0) | 27 May 1911 | Sports Ground | 3000 |
| 6 |  | Western Suburbs Magpies | Won | 22 (4-5-0) | 15 (3-3-0) | 17 June 1911 | Sports Ground | 3000 |
| 7 |  | South Sydney Rabbitohs | Lost | 8 (0-4-0) | 12 (2-3-0) | 1 July 1911 | Sports Ground | 10000 |
| 8 |  | Balmain Tigers | Won | 29 (5-6-1) | 7 (1-2-0) | 8 July 1911 | Birchgrove | 4000 |
| 9 |  | Western Suburbs Magpies | Draw | 8 (2-1-0) | 8 (2-1-0) | 22 July 1911 | Agricultural | 2000 |
| 10 |  | Newtown Jets | Draw | 13 (3-2-0) | 13 (3-2-0) | 29 July 1911 | Agricultural | 1000 |
| 11 |  | South Sydney Rabbitohs | Won | 24 (4-6-0) | 14 (4-1-0) | 5 August 1911 | Sports Ground | 15000 |
| 12 |  | Glebe Dirty Reds | Won | 18 (2-5-1) | 8 (2-1-0) | 12 August 1911 | Sports Ground | 16000 |
| 13 |  | Annandale Dales | Won | 8 (0-4-0) | 5 (1-1-0) | 19 August 1911 | Agricultural | 3000 |
|

> Annandale were out to win from the klck off, whilst there was an absence of life In the work of Eastern Suburbs, who appeared over-confident. A brlghtly-obtained try woke them up slightly; but at half-time they were 5 points in arrears. When, In the second spell, they commenced to make thelr run they found Annandale very solid defenders. Frequently. the fast backs of Eastern Suburbs would whip the ball about with smartness. but each player was grassed very effectively and the tricolours found no path to Annandale's ln-goal. Then Messenger "kicked" his side to victory-as he had done on several previous occasions.
>
> Sydney Morning Herald Match Report

| Round |  | Opponent | Result | Roosters Score | Opponent Score | Date | Venue | Crowd |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14 |  | North Sydney Bears | Won | 3 (1-0-0) | 0 (0-0-0) | 26 August 1911 | North Sydney | 2000 |
|

## 1911 NSWRL ladder

|  | Team | Pld | W | D | L | PF | PA | PD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Glebe | 14 | 11 | 0 | 3 | 244 | 88 | +156 | **22** |
| 2 | Eastern Suburbs | 14 | 9 | 2 | 3 | 208 | 129 | +79 | **20** |
| 3 | South Sydney | 14 | 9 | 2 | 3 | 188 | 117 | +71 | **20** |
| 4 | Newtown | 14 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 154 | 120 | +34 | **15** |
| 5 | Annandale | 14 | 5 | 1 | 8 | 113 | 184 | -71 | **11** |
| 6 | North Sydney | 14 | 4 | 1 | 9 | 138 | 209 | -71 | **9** |
| 7 | Western Suburbs | 14 | 4 | 1 | 9 | 116 | 189 | -73 | **9** |
| 8 | Balmain | 14 | 3 | 0 | 11 | 130 | 255 | -125 | **6** |

## Eastern Suburbs first premiership

| 23 | Eastern Suburbs |
| --- | --- |
| Tries | Messenger 2, White |
| Goals | Messenger 7 |
|
| 10 | South Sydney |
| Tries | Hilliard, McCabe |
| Goals | Dymant 2 |
|

| Fullback |
| --- |
| Fred Kinghorn |
| Three-Quarters |
| Barney Dalton |
| H. H. Messenger(c) |
| John 'Dinny' Campbell |
| Eddie White |
| Halves |
| Herb Collins |
| Leslie Cody |
| Forwards |
| W. Dalton |
| Charlie Lees |
| Sid 'Sandy' Pearce |
| Eddie Griffiths |
| Larry O'Malley |
| Mick Frawley |
|
|

> The attendance of 14,000 at the Sports Ground to witness the Eastern Suburbs-South Sydney match must be considered very satisfactory, If not quite up to expectations, and it was fortunate in a ground that provides so little shelter for the "hillite" that the rain that had fallen during tho previous hour held off for the remainder of the afternoon.
>
> Viewed as a whole, the game fell a little below expectations, but there were many causes to explain It. South Sydney entered the field minus their usual half-back, and included In the team three members from Redfern, who had played a strenuous early match. Eastern Suburbs' halt-back, Corbett, was also on the Injured list. Tho opening stages of the game were all in favour of South Sydney, who rushed the attack, and had the tricolours defending hard, but the tactics that the Easterners had set themselves soon came to tho fore, and had a slackening effect on tho pace and attractiveness of the game. It early became evident that the forward division of Eastern Suburbs were out to hold the ball at all cost, and also that Messenger was not to want in opportunities to augment the score by goal-kicking. The first score resulted from "offside round the serum" by M'Cabe, after a long kick from the touch line by Messenger had been knocked on by Brown, and the second was also from a penalty kick. The third was marked by Kinghorn from Rix, and was a beautiful goal from near half-way. The half was devoid of tries, each side staving off tho somewhat spasmodic onslaughts largely carried on by 'the forwards, and contained few attempts to open up play for the backs. Tho remainder of the game was far brighter and more to the taste of the average football follower, who is pleased when the ball Is being flicked from hand to hand. The forwards let the ball go more, and though! the marking and goal-kicking continued, it was sandwiched in between soino clinking tries resulting from individual and collective efforts that were heartily appreciated. Eastern Suburbs added three tries and four goals during this half, while South Sydney added two tries and two goals. The goal kicking apart, tho relative form of tho sides may be gauged from their ability to score trios' South Sydney backs at no time entered the game with any vim in attack, though they sparkled occasionally, while the Easterners wore kept busy by Cody shining in the loose play. To the Inimitable Messenger the side wholly owes its win, as he played a truly wonderful game. Twenty-three points to 10 shows a winning margin, but of the 23 Messenger contributed no fewer than 20, and played a conspicuous part in the movement leading up to the try to White's credit. Two tries and seven goals make up the total, and for prettiness and effect his two tries easily excel. With White, he combined nicely in the first after starting the move from his own side of half-way, but the second excelled it, as Campbell. Lees, Messenger, White, and Messenger again rushed onward in a beautiful passing bout that could have few peers.
>
> South Sydney fought on as only a gritty side could, but their combination was a wee bit awry. M'Cabe missed, in some of his quick dashes past the opposing five-eight, the pass from the scrum that Butler has accustomed him to, and his sphere of usefulness was limited. The soundness of the Eastern Suburbs pack also tended to upset them. The game was marred by a display of fisticuffs just prior to the close, but the whistle was sounded before it became serious.
>
> Sydney Morning Herald Match Report

* **premiership Final**, 9 September 1911, at the Agricultural Ground.

| 22 | Eastern Suburbs |
| --- | --- |
| Tries | White 2, Griffiths, Cody |
| Goals | Messenger 5 |
|
| 9 | Glebe |
| Tries | R. Burge |
| Goals | A. B. Burge, Algie |
| Field Goal | Algie |

| Fullback |
| --- |
| Fred Kinghorn |
| Three-Quarters |
| Barney Dalton |
| H. H. Messenger(c) |
| John 'Dinny' Campbell |
| Eddie White |
| Halves |
| Herb Collins |
| Leslie Cody |
| Forwards |
| W. Dalton |
| Charlie Lees |
| Eddie Griffiths |
| Sid 'Sandy' Pearce |
| Larry O'Malley |
| Mick Frawley |
|
|

> A spring like day, with the sun shining brightly and a gentle nor’ easter blowing was experienced by the finalists in the 1st grade - Glebe and Eastern Suburbs and about 16,000 spectators were kept interested throughout through a stirring if not brilliant exposition of rugby \[league\].
>
> The most sanguine of Eastern Suburbs supporters hardly hoped that the tricolours would triumph by tho margin of points that, favoured them at the close of the game To win by 22 points to 9 in a final match indicates a vast superiority on the one side and the form of the victors, which was the best all round they have displayed this season and was far in advance of that of their opponent. That Messenger would prove a powerful factor in the victory, was only to be expected, but his efforts were well supported by his comrades who scored 4 tries between them, whilst the captain sandwiched 5 goals amongst his many clever doings. Only once did Glebe cross their opponents line so determined was. the tackling aid so skilful the defence The game was not so attractive as some that have proceeded it, but proved fairly fast in the opening half. Messeimer early treated the spectators to a very fine goal landed from five yards the other side of halfway, and thereafter Eastern Suburbs demonstrated their ability to beat Glebe as scrumnagers and were also quicker in the rushes. The back division backed up the vanguard more consistently, and brought of some bright passing moves, in which Cody was very noticeable.
>
> Early in the second spell Eastern Suburbs established a winning lead, and to some extent relaxed, their aggressive tactics of the first half and slowed the game up. The form of Glebe was highly disappointing throughout. They appeared at times to be nonplussed by the vigor of the Easterner’s rushes and quite failed to hold the scrummages, excepting a brief period late in the game the back positions were quiet outclassed. Algie alone performing with credit. Had L. Cubllt, at five-eight let the ball go with more freedom better results would have been achieved.
>
> Sydney Morning Herald Match Report

| 11 | Eastern Suburbs |
| --- | --- |
| Try | Lees |
| Goals | Messenger 3 |
| Field Goal | Messenger 1 |
|
| 8 | Glebe |
| Tries | C. R. Cubitt 2 |
| Field Goal | L. Cubitt |
|

| Fullback |
| --- |
| Fred Kinghorn |
| Three-Quarters |
| Barney Dalton |
| John 'Dinny' Campbell |
| H. H. Messenger(c) |
| Eddie White |
| Halves |
| Herb Collins |
| Leslie Cody |
| Forwards |
| W. Dalton |
| Charlie Lees |
| Eddie Griffiths |
| Mick Frawley |
| Sid 'Sandy' Pearce |
| Larry O'Malley |
|
|

> Played in blustery conditions, Glebes form improved greatly but they could not compete with the immaculate kicking of Dally Messenger.
>
> In an incident packed opening stanza McMahon reduced each side to twelve men by sending off O'Malley and Pert after a touch judges report. Ensuing scrums were played with only four forwards. Glebe three - quarter Gleeson left the field with an ankle injury and was replaced at half time by Farrelly.
>
> With first use of the stiff southerly, Glebe winger C. R. Cubitt scored out Wide in the second minute from a scrum close to the easts line. Messenger replied with a goal shortly after for Glebe to lead 5-2 at halftime. When play resumed, Messenger scored a goal again to narrow the gap to one point. Twelve minutes in, Glebe edged to an 8-4 lead when Cubitt crossed for his second try-a brilliant length of the field effort featuring Farrelly, Redmond, A. Burge and finally Cubitt who beat Messengers ankle tap.
>
> With thirteen minutes left in the grand final, Lees scored Easts only try, from a high kick the ball bounced off dazed Glebe fullback Algie (who had been injured in a head clash in the opening minutes with winger White). Messenger converted and Easts snatched a 9-8 lead. Messenger's field goal six minutes from the bell gave his team the three point buffer at 11-8 and the confidence to hang on and win their first premiership. After exchanging jerseys, the elated surfsiders carried Messenger from the field.
>
> Steve Hadden

### Offence

**The lowdown:**

Eastern Suburbs completed the following score options in the 1911 season:

* 45 tries
* 64 goals
* 2 field goals

## Defence

**The lowdown:**

Eastern Suburbs conceded the following score options in the 1911 season:

* 34 tries
* 26 goals
* 1 field goals

**The result:**

Eastern Suburbs conceded a total of 129 points in the 1911 season.

**The verdict:**

* Eastern Suburbs try scoring defence **dropped** by 35.2% on their previous season.
* Eastern Suburbs goal kicking defence **dropped** by 7.6% on their previous season.
* Eastern Suburbs field goal defence was **maintained** on their previous season.
* Eastern Suburbs overall defense **dropped** by 10% on their previous season.
* Eastern Suburbs total points against defensive effort **improved** by 17.7% on their previous season.

## 1911 season highlights

1. No Semi-final would normally be required under the rules of the day. However, because Eastern Suburbs and South Sydney finished level on points, They played off to see who met the minor premiers Glebe, in the final.
2. As minor premiers Glebe had the right of challenge, if beaten. A second final was played one week later.
3. While representing NSW in an interstate match against Queensland, Dally Messenger scored a record 32 points, coming from four tries and ten goals. In the 3 match series, Messenger scored a total of 72 points.
4. Dan Frawley, while playing in a representative match, became the first rugby league player to score a try on the Sydney Cricket Ground.

## InfoBox

| 1911 Eastern Suburbs season | |
| --- | --- |
| 1910  1912 | |