title: Wyong Shire

abstract: Wyong Shire was a local government area located in the Central Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. The incorporation of the Wyong area dates back to 7 March 1906 when the entire area of the Brisbane Water Police District outside of the Town of Gosford was proclaimed as the Erina Shire. From 1 January 1947, local government in the Central Coast region was reorganised, creating Gosford Shire and Wyong Shire, which comprised Erina Shire north and east of Kulnura, Central Mangrove and Lisarow. Until its abolition in 2016, Wyong Shire was located around the coastal lake system of Tuggerah Lake, Budgewoi Lake and Lake Munmorah. The area included a coastal strip from Bateau Bay to Budgewoi, some lakeside towns and residential areas, some inland towns on the coastal plain and a sparsely populated region to the west with the rural townships of Yarramalong, Dooralong, Jilliby, and regions of native bush surrounding Kulnura. Wyong Shire's administrative centre was located in the town of Wyong, and the council maintained service and information centres at The Entrance, Tuggerah, and Lake Haven. In May 2016 Wyong Shire was amalgamated with the City of Gosford to form Central Coast Council. The last mayor of Wyong Shire was Cr. Doug Eaton, an independent politician.

text:
# Wyong Shire

**Wyong Shire** was a local government area located in the Central Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. The incorporation of the Wyong area dates back to 7 March 1906 when the entire area of the Brisbane Water Police District outside of the Town of Gosford was proclaimed as the Erina Shire. From 1 January 1947, local government in the Central Coast region was reorganised, creating *Gosford Shire* and *Wyong Shire*, which comprised Erina Shire north and east of Kulnura, Central Mangrove and Lisarow.

Until its abolition in 2016, Wyong Shire was located around the coastal lake system of Tuggerah Lake, Budgewoi Lake and Lake Munmorah. The area included a coastal strip from Bateau Bay to Budgewoi, some lakeside towns and residential areas, some inland towns on the coastal plain and a sparsely populated region to the west with the rural townships of Yarramalong, Dooralong, Jilliby, and regions of native bush surrounding Kulnura.

Wyong Shire's administrative centre was located in the town of Wyong, and the council maintained service and information centres at The Entrance, Tuggerah, and Lake Haven. In May 2016 Wyong Shire was amalgamated with the City of Gosford to form Central Coast Council. The last mayor of Wyong Shire was Cr. Doug Eaton, an independent politician.

## Suburbs and localities in the local government area

Suburbs, towns and localities in the Wyong Shire were:

## Council history

### Early history

The traditional Aboriginal inhabitants of the lands now known as the Brisbane Water were the Guringai people of the Eora nation. The Darkingung people occupied large areas inland west towards Rylstone, and north to Cessnock and Wollombi. The area now known as Wyong Shire developed alongside Putty Road, connecting Sydney and the Hunter Valley, with agriculture and timber forming the early industries. On the opening of the railway in 1889 to Newcastle the focus of commercial activity shifted eastward to the Town of Wyong. By 1903 the Norah Head Lighthouse was built and the first few houses and tourist accommodations began to appear along the coast.

In 1811, the Governor of New South Wales, Lachlan Macquarie, gave the first land grant in the region to William Nash, a former marine of the First Fleet. No further grants were made in the area until 1821. In 1840, the Brisbane Water Police District was proclaimed covering the area from the Hawkesbury River to Lake Macquarie and which administered local government under the control of magistrates. In 1843, the Brisbane Water District Council was proclaimed on the same boundaries as the Police District, and replaced the appointed magistrates with an elected council as part of an early attempt to establish local government administration throughout the colony. This experiment in local government was not very successful, with much public opposition focused on the issue of increased taxation, and a lack of oversight and faulty administration led to the collapse of many of these District Councils. The Brisbane Water District Council had ceased to exist by 1855, and the NSW Parliament passed the *Municipalities Act* in 1858, which allowed for the creation of Municipalities and Boroughs if a petition of as few as 50 signatures was presented to the government. However, no petition was ever sent from the residents of Brisbane Water to the government under this act, and local matters reverted to the police magistrates for determination.

### Erina Shire

On 11 November 1886, the Town of Gosford was incorporated as the "Borough of Gosford", with an area of 1,840 acres in and around Gosford. The remaining area of the Brisbane Water Police District outside of Gosford continued to be administered by the police magistrates until 1906. From 7 March 1906, this area became the Erina Shire, when it was proclaimed by the NSW Government Gazette along with 132 other new Shires as a result of the passing of the *Local Government (Shires) Act 1905*. On 16 May 1906, the Shire was divided in to three Ridings (A, B, C) and five temporary Councillors were appointed (John Bourke of Kincumber, John Martin Moroney of Woy Woy, Harold Stanley Robinson of Penang, Manasseh Ward of Gosford, and Alexander Wilkinson of Wyong). The Temporary Council first met at Gosford Courthouse on 13 June 1906 and Manasseh Ward was elected as the chairman.

Following desire from Gosford to merge with Erina Shire, a proposal for a six-ward Erina Shire with Gosford becoming F Riding was subsequently proclaimed and came into effect on 23 January 1908. The new Shire Council Chambers on Mann Street, Gosford, were officially opened on 4 May 1912.

On 27 April 1928 a proposal for the separation of the Woy Woy peninsula was received and the Shire of Woy Woy was subsequently proclaimed on 1 August 1928. Following a January 1936 petition from Gosford and Point Clare residents and a public inquiry that recommended a new Gosford municipality, Erina Shire was divided again to re-form the Municipality of Gosford on 24 October 1936, including the areas of the former Gosford Municipality abolished in 1908 and also new areas from Narara to Woy Woy and Point Clare.

Following significant debate about the provision of electricity undertakings across the Central Coast, including over the split between Erina Shire and Gosford, on 16 October 1942 Gosford Municipality combined with the Shires of Erina and Woy Woy to form the Brisbane Water County Council to provide electricity to the combined area of the three councils. The County Council operated as an electricity and gas supplier and retailer and was managed by representatives of the three councils. The County Council operated until its amalgamation with the Sydney County Council from 1 January 1980.

### Wyong Shire

In June 1945, Erina Shire resolved to investigate the reconstitution of local government on the Central Coast into two shires and following further discussions a formal proposal was presented to the Minister for Local Government, Joseph Cahill, in October 1945. Nevertheless, the proposal proved divisive, with Gosford and the Wyong section of Erina Shire in favour and the rest of Erina Shire and Woy Woy Shire opposed. The formal government inquiry subsequently supported the proposal and in April 1946, Cahill notified the councils of his intention to proceed. On 1 January 1947, part of Erina Shire, all of Woy Woy Shire and the Municipality of Gosford formed Gosford Shire, and the remainder of Erina Shire north and east of Kulnura, Central Mangrove and Lisarow formed Wyong Shire.

Following the changes, the new Wyong Shire Council initially rented the old Erina Shire offices in Gosford, but soon acquired some army huts from Cowra and had them moved to Wyong to serve as temporary Council Chambers, which were officially opened by Minister Joseph Cahill on 4 February 1948. These chambers were later replaced by a more substantial Council Administration Building at 2 Hely Street Wyong completed in 1959.

With Gosford establishing a Library Service in 1948, Wyong Shire took longer to deliver its own Library Service by 1959, having delayed a proposal on cost grounds in 1951, and held a referendum on the question in December 1953 which was resolved in favour of adopting the *Library Act, 1939*. Wyong Shire Council formally adopted the act in 1958 and opened the first public library service on the ground floor of the Council Chambers in May 1959. The Wyong Library Service eventually expanded to five branches at Toukley, The Entrance, Tuggerah (1995), Lake Haven (2002), and Bay Village.

### Establishment of Central Coast Council and abolition of Wyong Shire Council

In 2015 a review of local government boundaries by the NSW Government Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal recommended that Wyong Shire and Gosford City councils merge to form one single council with an area of 1,681 square kilometres (649 sq mi) and support a population of approximately 331,007. This proposal was supported Wyong Shire and Gosford City councils, who had submitted the proposal to merge as part of the NSW Government's *Fit for the Future* reform process.

On 12 May 2016, with the release of the *Local Government (Council Amalgamations) Proclamation 2016*, the Central Coast Council was formed from Wyong Shire and Gosford City councils. The first meeting of the Central Coast Council was held at the Wyong Civic Centre on 25 May 2016, with meetings alternating between Gosford and Wyong.

## Water supply

The first centralised water supply system was implemented in Wyong in 1929–1930 when a reservoir was constructed on Chapman Hill and water was pumped to it from the Wyong River, with the northern areas of Wyong Shire covered from the 1950s. In 1965 the Entrance Water Supply Scheme officially opened, which provided water to most of Wyong Shire, which included the Mooney Mooney Dam (1961), the Mardi Dam and Wyong River Weir (1962). In 1977 Gosford and Wyong councils agreed to share the costs of operating, building and maintaining water supply throughout the region and the Gosford/Wyong Joint Water Supply Committee was established. The Committee completed construction of the Mangrove Creek Dam in 1978–1982.

This committee became the Gosford/Wyong Councils' Water Authority in 1998, but was superseded by the Central Coast Water Corporation with the passing of the *Central Coast Water Corporation Act 2006* (NSW) to create one water supply authority in the region. The eventually came into effect in 2011 when the Gosford/Wyong Councils' Water Authority Board was dissolved and Water Corporation Board was appointed. The Central Coast Water Corporation ceased to exist with the amalgamation of Gosford and Wyong Councils, with the establishment of a business unit within Central Coast Council to manage water supply.

## Warnervale Airport

In 1972–1973, Wyong Shire Council developed a large site in Warnervale as an airstrip for light aircraft, which became Warnervale Airport. However, early on in its history, the airport was earmarked as a potential source of economic growth in the region, with the State Government's 1977 Structure Plan for the Gosford-Wyong area designating Warnervale as a regional airport for general aviation, commuter operations and airport related industry.

In 1994 Wyong Shire Council opened for expressions of interest in a large redevelopment of the Warnervale area alongside a significant upgrade of the airport, and a proposal by Traders Finance Australia to develop the airport was accepted in January 1995, with contracts being signed in July 1995. A group of local residents, supported by the state MP for Wyong, Paul Crittenden, responded by forming the Central Coast Airport Action Group, and taking the Wyong Shire Council to the Land and Environment Court to fight the move.

In the case of *Jorg Michael Breitkopf v Wyong Council*, which made claims against the validity of the approved Development Application for the airport development, the Court rejected the appeal and ordered payment of costs from Breitkopf, representing the residents group. However, Crittenden moved a private member's bill in parliament which was supported by Planning Minister Craig Knowles, and the *Warnervale Airport (Restrictions) Act 1996* (NSW) ('WAR Act') was passed in July 1996. This Act restricted aircraft movements, the length and siting of the runway, and any future expansion of airport operations, and compensated residents for $65,000 in legal bills. This Act severely restricted development of the airport by imposing restrictions on landings and take-offs per day that ensured that a longer runway would never be economically viable, with Wyong Mayor Tony Sheridan noting that the delay in the development had "jeopardised hundreds, if not thousands, of local jobs which would be generated by the airport upgrading and the increase in tourism".

In 1999, the Wyong Shire Council proposed extending the runway to 1600 metres to cater for jet aircraft of between 50 and 116 passengers, but the plans were eventually scrapped in a council meeting in February 2003 and decided instead on other options for development, including assisting the establishment of a $100 million distribution centre for Woolworths Limited on part of the land initially earmarked for the airport upgrade. In 2015 Wyong Shire Council wrote to the Minister for Planning asking for the WAR Act to be reviewed, and publicly advocated for the Act's repeal. This set off a series of NSW Government reviews of the act to determine its future, with the most recent review in April 2020 recommending the repeal of the act. With the public release of this review, in July 2020 the Minister for Planning and Public Spaces, Rob Stokes, announced the government's acceptance of all the report's recommendations, including the act's repeal, and the *Warnervale Airport (Restrictions) Repeal Bill 2020* was passed by the Legislative Assembly on 14 October 2020, receiving royal assent on 24 February 2021 .

## Demographics

At the 2011 census, there were 149,746 people in the Wyong Shire local government area, of these 48.3% were male and 51.7% were female. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 3.6% of the population which is higher than the national average. The median age of people in the Wyong Shire was 40 years; significantly higher than the national median age of 37 years. Children aged 0 – 14 years made up 20.2% of the population and people aged 65 years and over made up 18.8% of the population; 34% higher than the national average in this age bracket. Of people in the area aged 15 years and over, 46.4% were married and 15.0% were either divorced or separated.

Population growth in the Wyong Shire between the 2001 Census and the 2006 Census was 7.10%; and in the subsequent five years to the 2011 Census, population growth was 7.11%. When compared with total population growth of Australia for the same periods, being 5.78% and 8.32% respectively, population growth in the Wyong Shire local government area was on par with the national average. The median weekly income for residents within the Wyong Shire was significantly lower than the national average.

At the 2011 Census, the proportion of residents in the Wyong Shire local government area who stated their ancestry as Australian or Anglo-Saxon approached 81% of all residents (national average was 65.2%). In excess of 65.0% of all residents in the Wyong Shire nominated a religious affiliation with Christianity at the 2011 Census, which was significantly above the national average of 50.2%. Meanwhile, as at the Census date, compared to the national average, households in the Wyong Shire local government area had a lower than average proportion (6.0%) where two or more languages are spoken (national average was 20.4%); and a significantly higher proportion (91.8%) where English only was spoken at home (national average was 76.8%).

| Selected historical census data for Wyong Shire local government area | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Census year | | | 1991 | 1996 | 2001 | 2006 | 2011 |
| Population | | Estimated residents on Census night | 100,643 | 115,999 | 130,536 | 139,801 | 149,746 |
| | LGA rank in terms of size within New South Wales |  |  |  | 16th |  |
| | % of New South Wales population | 1.76% | 1.92% | 2.05% |  | 2.16% |
| | % of Australian population | 0.60% | 0.65% | 0.70% | 0.70% | 0.70% |
| Cultural and language diversity | | |  |  |  |  |  |
| Ancestry,
top responses | | Australian |  |  |  |  | 33.6% |
| | English |  |  |  |  | 31.5% |
| | Irish |  |  |  |  | 8.4% |
| | Scottish |  |  |  |  | 7.0% |
| | German |  |  |  |  | 2.3% |
| Language,
top responses
(other than English) | | Italian |  |  | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% |
| | Spanish |  |  | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% |
| | Greek |  |  | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% |
| | German |  |  | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% |
| | Cantonese |  |  | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% |
| Religious affiliation | | |  |  |  |  |  |
| Religious affiliation,
top responses | | Anglican |  |  | 34.7% | 32.0% | 30.4% |
| | Catholic |  |  | 27.0% | 27.4% | 27.5% |
| | No Religion |  |  | 11.6% | 14.5% | 17.8% |
| | Uniting Church |  |  | 5.2% | 4.4% | 3.9% |
| | Presbyterian and Reformed |  |  | 3.9% | 3.6% | 3.2% |
| Median weekly incomes | | |  |  |  |  |  |
| Personal income | | Median weekly personal income |  |  |  | A$381 | A$469 |
| | % of Australian median income |  |  |  | 81.8% | 81.3% |
| Family income | | Median weekly family income |  |  |  | A$770 | A$1,171 |
| | % of Australian median income |  |  |  | 75.0% | 79.1% |
| Household income | | Median weekly household income |  |  |  | A$1,013 | A$934 |
| | % of Australian median income |  |  |  | 86.5% | 75.7% |
|

## Council

### Final composition and election method

Wyong Shire Council was composed of ten councillors elected proportionally as two separate wards (previously known as "ridings"), each electing five councillors. All councillors were elected for a fixed four-year term of office. The mayor was elected by the councillors at the first meeting of the council. The last election was held on 8 September 2012, and the composition of the council was:

| Ward | Councillor | | Party | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| A Ward |  | Doug Vincent | Labor | Elected 2008–2016. |
| |  | Luke Nayna | Liberal | Elected 2012–2015. Resigned 11 September 2015, no by-election held. |
| |  | Greg Best | Independent | Elected 1995–2016. Deputy Mayor 1996–1997, 2001–2002. Mayor 2002–2004. |
| |  | Adam Troy | Save Tuggerah Lakes | Elected 2012–2016. |
| |  | Ken Greenwald | Labor | Elected 2012–2016. |
| B Ward |  | Lynne Webster | Liberal | Elected 2008–2016. Deputy Mayor 2012–2016. |
| |  | Bob Graham | Independent | Elected 1999–2016. Mayor 2005–2007, 2008–2010, 2011–2012. Deputy Mayor 1999–2000, 2002–2004, 2010–2011. |
| |  | Lisa Matthews | Labor | Elected 2008–2016. Deputy Mayor 2009–2010. |
| |  | Lloyd Taylor | Save Tuggerah Lakes | Elected 2012–2016. |
| |  | Doug Eaton | Independent | Elected 1991–2016. Mayor 1995–1996, 2010–2011, 2012–2016. |

A referendum was held on 8 September 2012, and an absolute majority of voters resolved in favour of the election of the mayor by electors for a four-year term, which necessarily increases the number of councillors by one. The change was to take effect at the next elections in September 2016, but Wyong Shire ceased to exist on 12 May 2016. With the first elections of Central Coast Council on 9 September 2017, former A Ward Councillors Doug Vincent and Greg Best were elected to Central Coast Council for Budgewoi Ward and former B Ward Councillor Lisa Matthews was elected to The Entrance Ward.

## Shire Presidents and Mayors

The office of Shire President was retitled "Mayor" by the *Local Government Act 1993* (NSW) from 1 July 1993.

| # | Shire President | Term start | Term end | Time in office | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Albert Charles Leslie Taylor | January 1947 | 13 December 1948 |  |  |
| 2 | Robert Brownlee | 13 December 1948 | 8 December 1952 | 3 years, 361 days |  |
| 3 | Owen Chapman | 8 December 1952 | 15 December 1953 | 1 year, 7 days |  |
| 4 | Horace Fulcher | 15 December 1953 | December 1962 |  |  |
| 5 | Wilfred Barrett | December 1962 | December 1970 |  |  |
| 6 | Charles Hinds | December 1970 | September 1971 |  |  |
| 7 | Hugh Chalmers | September 1971 | September 1974 |  |  |
| 8 | Francis Farrell | September 1974 | September 1982 |  |  |
| 9 | Tony Sheridan (ALP) | September 1982 | September 1985 |  |  |
| 10 | Stephen Cutler | September 1985 | September 1987 |  |  |
|  | Francis Farrell | September 1987 | September 1988 |  |  |
| 11 | Leonard Payne | September 1988 | September 1989 |  |  |
|  | Tony Sheridan (ALP) | September 1989 | 30 June 1993 |  |  |
| # | Mayor | Term start | Term end | Time in office | Notes |
|  | Tony Sheridan (ALP) | 1 July 1993 | September 1996 |  |  |
| 12 | Doug Eaton (IND) | September 1996 | September 1997 |  |  |
| 13 | Fay Brennan (ALP) | September 1997 | September 1998 |  |  |
| 14 | Cliff Russell (ALP) | September 1998 | September 1999 |  |  |
|  | Fay Brennan (ALP) | September 1999 | 19 September 2001 |  |  |
| 15 | Neil Rose (ALP) | 19 September 2001 | 19 September 2002 | 1 year, 0 days |  |
| 16 | Gregory Best (LIB) | 19 September 2002 | 15 April 2004 | 1 year, 209 days |  |
| 17 | Brenton Pavier (LIB) | 15 April 2004 | 21 September 2005 | 1 year, 159 days |  |
| 18 | Bob Graham (LIB) | 21 September 2005 | 15 September 2007 | 1 year, 359 days |  |
| 19 | Warren Welham (ALP) | 15 September 2007 | 1 October 2008 | 1 year, 16 days |  |
|  | Bob Graham (IND) | 1 October 2008 | 15 September 2010 | 1 year, 349 days |  |
|  | Doug Eaton (IND) | 15 September 2010 | 21 September 2011 | 1 year, 6 days |  |
|  | Bob Graham (IND) | 21 September 2011 | 3 October 2012 | 1 year, 12 days |  |
|  | Doug Eaton (IND) | 3 October 2012 | 12 May 2016 | 3 years, 222 days |  |

## Shire Clerks and General Managers

The office of Shire Clerk was retitled "General Manager" by the *Local Government Act 1993* (NSW) from 1 July 1993.

| Shire Clerk | Term | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Jack Golding | 1 January 1947 – 1973 |  |
| John S. Dawson | 1973 – 30 June 1993 |  |
| General Manager | Term | Notes |
| John S. Dawson | 1 July 1993 – September 2003 |  |
| Kerry Yates | September 2003 – 17 May 2010 |  |
| Michael Whittaker | 17 May 2010 – 14 September 2015 |  |
| Chief Executive Officer | Term | Notes |
| Rob Noble (*Acting*) | 14 September 2015 – 12 May 2016 |  |

## Sister cities

Wyong Shire was a sister city to Tanabe, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, and Southland District, New Zealand until 2010 when ties were severed for financial reasons.

## Heritage listings

The first heritage listings within Wyong Shire were made under the Wyong Local Environmental Plan 1991, with 93 heritage items. In 2011, Wyong Council completed a review of existing heritage items and recommended 62 additional heritage items (including 2 conservation areas) to be incorporated into the new Wyong Local Environmental Plan 2013, bringing the total number of heritage-listed sites in Wyong Shire to 159. The Wyong Shire area has a diverse range of heritage listings and conservation areas, including those listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register (SHR), Section 170 Registers (s.170), and the Wyong Local Environmental Plan 2013 (LEP):

## InfoBox

| Wyong Shire
New South Wales | |
| --- | --- |
| Location in New South Wales | |
| Coordinates | 33°16′S 151°25′E / 33.267°S 151.417°E / -33.267; 151.417 |
| Population | 149,746 (2011 census) |
| • Density | 181.07/km2 (469.0/sq mi) |
| Established | 1 January 1947 |
| Abolished | 12 May 2016 |
| Area | 827 km2 (319.3 sq mi) |
| Mayor | Doug Eaton |
| Location |  |
| Council seat | Wyong |
| Region | Central Coast |
| State electorate(s) |  |
| Federal division(s) |  |
|  | |
| Website | Wyong Shire |
| **LGAs around Wyong Shire:**  Cessnock Lake Macquarie *Tasman Sea*  Gosford Wyong Shire *Tasman Sea*  Gosford *Tasman Sea* | |


title: Potters Bar Urban District

abstract: Potters Bar Urban District was a local government district in England from 1894 to 1974, covering the town of Potters Bar and the village of South Mimms. The district was initially called the South Mimms Rural District, being renamed in 1934. Potters Bar Urban District was transferred from Middlesex to Hertfordshire in 1965, and abolished in 1974 to become part of Hertsmere.

text:
# Potters Bar Urban District

51°41′N 0°12′W / 51.683°N 0.200°W / 51.683; -0.200

**Potters Bar Urban District** was a local government district in England from 1894 to 1974, covering the town of Potters Bar and the village of South Mimms. The district was initially called the **South Mimms Rural District**, being renamed in 1934.

Potters Bar Urban District was transferred from Middlesex to Hertfordshire in 1965, and abolished in 1974 to become part of Hertsmere.

## South Mimms

South Mimms Rural District had its origins in the Barnet Poor Law Union, which had been created in 1835. In 1872, rural sanitary districts were created, with the boards of guardians of poor law unions being made responsible for public health and local government for the rural parts of their districts. Under the Local Government Act 1894, rural sanitary districts became rural districts from 28 December 1894, and were split where they straddled county boundaries, as the Barnet Rural Sanitary District did. South Mimms Rural District was therefore created from those parts of the Barnet Rural Sanitary District which were within Middlesex, whilst the remainder of the Barnet Rural Sanitary District was in Hertfordshire, and became the Barnet Rural District.

South Mimms Rural District contained the single parish of South Mimms. As a rural district which contained only one parish, there was no separate parish council established for South Mimms; the South Mimms Rural District Council performed the duties that would otherwise have been a parish council's responsibility. The parish of South Mimms had been reduced in size shortly before the new rural district came into being, as parts of the old parish were within the urban districts of Barnet and East Barnet Valley. The part of the former South Mimms parish in Barnet became a new parish called South Mimms Urban, whilst the part of South Mimms within East Barnet Valley was added to the parish of Monken Hadley. The reduced South Mimms parish assumed its new boundaries with effect from the first parish meeting on 4 December 1894, ahead of the new rural district's creation on 28 December 1894.

The South Mimms parish and rural district was affected by further boundary changes in 1896, 1924 and 1926.

## Potters Bar

On 1 April 1934 the South Mimms Rural District was reconstituted as an urban district and renamed Potters Bar Urban District, covering the same area.

The district was part of the review area of the Royal Commission on Local Government in Greater London, however it did not form part of the proposed Greater London area. In 1965, when Middlesex was abolished and most of its former area was transferred to Greater London under the London Government Act 1963, the Potters Bar Urban District was instead transferred to Hertfordshire.

## Premises

South Mimms Rural District Council held its first meeting on 3 January 1895 at the Barnet Union Workhouse at 17 Wellhouse Lane in Barnet, when John Osmond was appointed the council's first chairman. He had previously been the chairman of the old Barnet Rural Sanitary Authority. Until 1932 the council continued to meet in Barnet rather than in the district itself, meeting either at the workhouse or at 93 High Street, Barnet, which was the solicitor's office where the council's clerk was based. In 1932 the council moved to a house called Tancreed on Darkes Lane in Potters Bar, but would only be based there for three years. In 1935 the council purchased the neighbouring Osborne Nursery site, and converted the existing house there to become the council's offices and council chamber, holding its first meeting there in July 1935.

The council quickly outgrew the space at the former Osborne Nursery building on Darkes Lane, and in 1937 it purchased both Wyllyotts Manor, at the other end of Darkes Lane, and Oakmere House on High Street. The Osborne Nursery building remained the council's main office and meeting place, but Wyllyotts Manor and Oakmere House were used to provide extra office accommodation. In 1939 a new Potters Bar and District Hospital was built on Mutton Lane, and the council proposed building a new civic centre alongside it, but the scheme was abandoned due to the outbreak of the Second World War. In 1963 the council tried again to consolidate its functions onto a single site, proposing a new municipal building and public hall at Oakmere House, but that scheme did not proceed either.

## Abolition

Potters Bar Urban District was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972, merging with Elstree Rural District, Bushey Urban District and part of Watford Rural District to form the district of Hertsmere with effect from 1 April 1974. Hertsmere Borough Council chose to build its main offices in Borehamwood, and the former Potters Bar Urban District Council's buildings were gradually disposed of. The former Osborne Nursery building was demolished, with two houses (229 and 231 Darkes Lane) being built on the site. Oakmere House and Wyllyotts Manor both became public houses.

## InfoBox

| Potters Bar Urban DistrictSouth Mimms Rural District (1894–1934) | |
| --- | --- |
| Rural district (1894–1934)
Urban district (1934–1974) | |
|
*Potters Bar within Hertfordshire in 1971*
 | |
| Area |  |
| 1911 | 6,105 acres (24.7 km2) |
| 1931 | 6,129 acres (24.8 km2) |
| 1971 | 6,129 acres (24.8 km2) |
|  | |
| Population |  |
| 1901 | 2,671 |
| 1931 | 5,720 |
| 1971 | 23,950 |
|  | |
| History |  |
| Created | 28 December 1894 (as South Mimms Rural District)
1 April 1934 (as Potters Bar Urban District) |
| Abolished | 31 March 1974 |
| Succeeded by | Hertsmere |
|  | |
| Government | South Mimms Rural District Council
Potters Bar Urban District Council |
| HQ | Barnet (1894–1932)
Potters Bar (1932–1974) |
|  | |
| Contained within |  |
| County Council | Middlesex (1894–1965)
Hertfordshire (1965–1974) |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Çamlıca, Ezine

abstract: Çamlıca is a village in the Ezine District of Çanakkale Province in Turkey. Its population is 180 (2021).

text:
# Çamlıca, Ezine

**Çamlıca** is a village in the Ezine District of Çanakkale Province in Turkey. Its population is 180 (2021).

## InfoBox

| Çamlıca | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| ÇamlıcaLocation in TurkeyÇamlıcaÇamlıca (Marmara) | |
| Coordinates: 39°53′52″N 26°26′13″E / 39.8977°N 26.4369°E / 39.8977; 26.4369 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Çanakkale |
| District | Ezine |
| Population (2021) | 180 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Ó Cillín

abstract: Ó Cillín is the name of a family now rendered as Killeen, found mainly in County Roscommon, County Mayo and County Galway. It is derived from the saint's name Cillian.

text:
# Ó Cillín

**Ó Cillín** is the name of a family now rendered as Killeen (also Killian and Killion), found mainly in County Roscommon, County Mayo and County Galway. It is derived from the saint's name Cillian.

## Annalistic references

* *966: **Cormac ua Cillín**, of the Ui Fhiachrach of Aidne, successor of Ciarán and Comán and comarba of Tuaim Gréne — and by him was built the great church of Tuaim Gréne, and its bell-tower — a sage and an old man and a bishop, rested in Christ.*
* *1026: **Conall ua Cillín**, successor of Crónán of Tuaim Gréine, rested.*
* *1087: The battle of Conacla i.e. in Corann, won by Ruaidrí ua Conchobuir and **Cormac ua Cillín**, chief vice-abbot of Síl Muiredaigh, with the staff of Ciarán in his hand before the battle when it was being fought between the Connachta and the Conmaicne, and the Conmaicne were defeated, and there fell there Aed son of Art ua Ruairc, king of Conmaicne, and Muiredach ua Eolais and Sitric son of Cú Slébe ua Fergail and the son of Gafraidh ua Siridén and others. Ruaidrí ua Conchobuir was victor.*
* *1106: **Cormac ua Cillín**, chief vice-abbot of Síl Muiredaigh and superior of the guest-house of Cluain moccu Nóis, rested in peace.*
* *1186: **Gillaberaigh O'Cillin**, vice-abbot of Síl-Muiredhaigh, mortuus est..*

## Sources


title: Nelson Vásquez

abstract: Nelson Vásquez Lara is a Chilean historian who is the current chancellor of the Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso. Before leading his alma mater, he was vice chancellor from 2010 to 2022. Similarly, Vásquez was extension manager (1996–1999) and head of teaching (1999–2000) at the PUCV Institute of History, where he also was a scholar and Teaching Practice Coordinator in the 2000s.

text:
# Nelson Vásquez

**Nelson Vásquez Lara** is a Chilean historian who is the current chancellor of the Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso.

Before leading his alma mater, he was vice chancellor from 2010 to 2022. Similarly, Vásquez was extension manager (1996–1999) and head of teaching (1999–2000) at the PUCV Institute of History, where he also was a scholar and Teaching Practice Coordinator in the 2000s.

## InfoBox

| Nelson Vásquez | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Head of the Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
26 July 2022 | |
| Preceded by | Claudio Elórtegui Raffo |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Nelson Vásquez Lara
, Chile |
| Alma mater |  |
| Occupation | Teacher, Historian
Scholar |
|  | |


title: Melinda Gainsford-Taylor

abstract: Melinda Gainsford-Taylor is a retired Australian athlete, who specialised in sprint events. In 1995 Gainsford-Taylor won the World Indoor championship over 200 m. During her career she also won international medals at the World Championships and Commonwealth Games. She is the cousin of Australian Olympic backstroke swimmer Josh Watson who won silver in the Men's 4 × 100-metre medley relay at the Sydney Olympics in 2000.

text:
# Melinda Gainsford-Taylor

**Melinda Gainsford-Taylor** AM (born 1 October 1971 in Narromine, New South Wales) is a retired Australian athlete, who specialised in sprint events.

In 1995 Gainsford-Taylor won the World Indoor championship over 200 m. During her career she also won international medals at the World Championships and Commonwealth Games. She is the cousin of Australian Olympic backstroke swimmer Josh Watson who won silver in the Men's 4 × 100-metre medley relay at the Sydney Olympics in 2000.

## Junior career

In 1989, she won the first of three consecutive Australian Junior 100 m titles, also winning the Junior 200 m championships in 1989 and 1991.

At the 1990 World Junior Championships Gainsford reached the semi-finals of both the 100 and 200 metres sprints and assisted the Australian 4 x 100 metres relay team to a new national junior record of 45.01 seconds.

## Senior career

Although Gainsford-Taylor became a world champion in 1995, her senior career really began when she won the first of five 100m/200 m sprint doubles at the 1992 Australian National Championships and won selection in the Olympic team, where she made the semi-finals of the 200m.

In 1993, she won a silver medal at the World Indoor Championships, but later in the season broke down in the 100 m semi-finals of the 1993 World Championships in Athletics.

During 1994, Gainsford-Taylor won a bronze medal at the Commonwealth Games behind her arch-rival Cathy Freeman and set an Australian record for 100 m of 11.12. A year later, she won the 200 m at the 1995 World Indoor Championships in Athletics and took home a bronze medal from the 1995 World Championships in Athletics as part of the Australian 4 x 400 m relay team.

In 1997, defending her World Indoor crown, Gainsford was disqualified for running out of her lane in the semi-final of the 200 m. Later in the year, she made up for that disappointment with a new Australian record of 22.23 seconds. Soon after, Gainsford-Taylor reached her first individual outdoor final at the Athens World Championships, placing 7th in the 200 m final.

The latter part of her career was hampered by injury. Running with knee problems, she famously broke down metres before the finish when in first place during the 200 m race at the 1998 Commonwealth Games.

During her career, she won a total of thirteen individual open titles – two at 100 yards, six at 100 metres and five over 200 metres.

At her third Olympic Games at Sydney 2000 she made the final of the 200 m sprint, placing 6th, and assisted the Australian 4 x 400 m relay team to a fifth-place finish and a new national record.

Still holding the Australian record at 200 m, and sharing in 4 x 100 m and 4 x 400 m relay records, Gainsford-Taylor retired in 2002.

## Family life

Gainsford-Taylor is married to Mark Taylor and the couple have two children, Nicholas and Gabriella. In 2015, Gabriella became the fastest 10-year-old girl in the country over 100 metres (330 ft) and 200 metres (660 ft).

## Post career

Gainsford-Taylor now works with Little Athletics New South Wales visiting schools. She also provides expert commentary for Australian TV channel One during their coverage of the Australian Athletics Tour.

She is a fan of National Rugby League team the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles and is a former board member of the club. She is also a member of the "Eagle Angels", a high-profile group of women who excel in their chosen fields and all with a passion for the Sea Eagles. Other members include comedian, author and radio personality Wendy Harmer, World Surfing Champion Layne Beachley, newsreader Tracey Spicer, and swimmer Brooke Hanson.

In 2017 Gainsford-Taylor was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia for significant service to athletics as a sprinter, at the national and international level, and as a role model for young athletes.

## Statistics

**Personal Bests – outdoor**

| Event | Time | Wind | City | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 100 Yards | 10.4 | NWI | Adelaide | 11 Dec 94 |
| 100 Metres | 11.12 | +1.9 | Sestriere | 31 Jul 94 |
| 200 Metres | 22.23 | +0.8 | Stuttgart | 13 Jul 97 |
| 400 Metres | 51.73 |  | Brisbane | 22 Jul 00 |

**Personal Bests – indoor**

| Event | Time | City | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 60 Metres | 7.36 | Toronto | Mar 93 |
| 200 Metres | 22.64 | Barcelona | 10 Mar 95 |

## National records

**Outdoor**

| Event | Time | City | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 100 Metres | 11.12 | Sestriere | 31 Jul 94 |
| 200 Metres | 22.32 | Hobart | 26 Feb 94 |
|  | 22.23 | Stuttgart | 13 Jul 97 |

**Relays**

| Event | Time | City | Date | Team |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 4x100 Metres relay | 42.99 | Pietersburg | 18 Mar 00 | Rachael Massey, Suzanne Broadrick, Jodi Lambert |
| 4x400 Metres relay | 3-23.81 | Sydney | 30 Sep 00 | Nova Peris, Tamsyn Lewis, Cathy Freeman |

**Indoor**

| Event | Time | City | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 200 Metres | 23.16 | Toronto | Mar 93 |
| 200 Metres | 22.83 | Toronto | Mar 93 |
| 200 Metres | 22.73 | Toronto | Mar 93 |
| 200 Metres | 22.64 | Barcelona | 11 Mar 95 |
| 200 Metres | 22.64 | Barcelona | 11 Mar 95 |

## InfoBox

Melinda Gainsford-TaylorAM
| Melinda Gainsford-Taylor in 2000 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1971-10-01) 1 October 1971
Narromine, New South Wales, Australia |
| Height | 172 cm (5 ft 8 in) |
| Weight | 67 kg (10 st 8 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Country | Australia |
| Sport | Track and field |
| Event(s) | Women's 100m & 200m
4 x 100m & 400m relays |
| Medal record      Women's Athletics  Representing  Australia  World Championships  1995 Gothenburg 4 x 400 m relay  World Indoor Championships  1995 Barcelona 200 m  1993 Toronto 200 m  Commonwealth Games  1994 Victoria 4 x 100 m relay  1994 Victoria 200 m | |
| Updated on 9 February 2014 | |


title: Manole Marcus

abstract: Manole Marcus was a Romanian film director and screenwriter. Many of the actors who starred in his films won awards for their performances.

text:
# Manole Marcus

**Manole Marcus** (8 January 1928  12 October 1994) was a Romanian film director and screenwriter. Many of the actors who starred in his films won awards for their performances.

## Studies and career

In 1955 he graduated from the I.L. Caragiale Institute of Theatre and Film Arts (IATC). He made his directing debut with the short film *La mere* (1953), directed together with Iulian Mihu.

The 1950s was a difficult period for Romanian film, as filmmakers had to give up most of the "conquests" in terms of cinematic language obtained before the end of World War II. Culture was then subjected to a pseudo-artistic socialist realism, which called for works with excessively politicized topics. In this climate, Marcus made a number of comedy films of lesser value, such as such as *I do Not Want to Get Married* (1960) and *The District of Joy* (1964). Towards the second half of the 1960s, the director adopted a more serious tone. His talent as a director started to be appreciated and recognized after the dramatic tone of the movies *Virgo* (1966), *The Canary and the Blizzard* (1969), and *The Power and the Truth* (1972). The 1969 movie, which talks about the price of freedom of political underground mission, pursued by the authorities, and whose soundtrack is between the Phoenix band's tracks, was banned in the early 1970s.

The climax of his artistic career came at a time when it was hard to tell the truth easily, as freedom of expression was restricted (see Censorship in Communist Romania). In the 1970s, Marcus made two films which were greatly appreciated by the public and by critics: *The Actor and the Savages* (1974) and *Operation Monster* (1976), a drama and a comedy which sometimes fail to convey emotions through subliminal messages powerful, to make characters.

## Filmography

As a scenarist, he wrote *La mere* and *Viața nu iartă* in collaboration with Iulian Mihu; *Cartierul veseliei* in collaboration with Ioan Grigorescu; *Cianura și picătura de ploaie* in collaboration with Virgil Mogoș; *Non–stop*; and *Orgolii*.

As an actor, he played the role of the painter in the movie *The Actor and the Savages*.

## Awards

## Bibliography

* Cristina Corciovescu, Bujor T. Rîpeanu (1996). *1234 Cineaști români*, Editura Științifică, București

## InfoBox

| Manole Marcus | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1928-01-08)8 January 1928
Bucharest, Romania |
| Died | 12 October 1994(1994-10-12) (aged 66)
Bucharest, Romania |
| Alma mater | Caragiale National University of Theatre and Film |
| Occupation(s) | Film director, screenwriter |
| Years active | 19531989 |


title: Roper River scrub robin

abstract: The Roper River scrub robin, also known as the allied scrub robin, is a putative subspecies of the northern scrub robin, a bird in the Petroicidae, or Australasian robin family. Whether it ever existed is doubtful; if it did it is almost certainly extinct.

text:
# Roper River scrub robin

The **Roper River scrub robin** (*Drymodes superciliaris colcloughi*), also known as the **allied scrub robin**, is a putative subspecies of the northern scrub robin, a bird in the Petroicidae, or Australasian robin family. Whether it ever existed is doubtful; if it did it is almost certainly extinct.

## History

The subspecies was described in 1914 by Gregory Mathews and named subspecifically for the collector, M. J. Colclough. The description was based on two skins obtained in 1910, supposedly from the tropical monsoonal Roper River region of the eastern Top End of the Northern Territory of Australia. The specimens were taken by an ornithological collecting expedition sponsored by wealthy amateur ornithologist and oologist H. L. White. The expedition was in the Roper area from 15 July until 22 November 1910.

## Description

There are only two specimens of the scrub robin, the holotype, a male held in the American Museum of Natural History (registered 585473), and a female in the Queensland Museum. Of these, Mathews said in his original description that the taxon differed from the nominate subspecies *D. s. superciliaris*, confined to the northern end of the Cape York Peninsula in Queensland, more than 800 km north-east of the Roper, by "being much redder on the back and entirely reddish-buff on the undersurface". Simon Bennett, in a 1983 overview in the *Emu* found that there were valid, though slight, differences between the birds from the two localities, in particular with the Roper male having its "throat, ear-coverts and forehead washed with rufous". However, Richard Schodde and Ian Mason commented in 1999 that the Roper River specimens did not differ significantly in colouration and measurements from those of the Cape York Peninsula.

## Validity and status

The validity of the taxon is primarily based on whether a population of scrub robins existed in the Northern Territory, the only records of such being the two skins collected by Colclough in 1910 on the Roper River. Another member of the 1910 expedition, E. D. Frizelle, collected several clutches of eggs purporting to be those of northern scrub robins from the Roper. Some of these clutches are now in the H. L. White Collection at the National Museum of Victoria, but upon reappraisal have been found to be those of misidentified buff-sided robins.

Several dedicated, though fruitless, searches for scrub robins along the Roper were undertaken in 1980, during the data-collection phase of the first Atlas of Australian Birds project (1977–1981), by Simon Bennett and others. Bennett accepted the validity of the original collection location, though he admitted that the poor documentation of the specimens raised the issue of credibility. He suggested that they represented a relict population inhabiting small and isolated thickets of vegetation on the banks of permanent watercourses. He speculated that the population had been adversely affected by the advent of extensive cattle grazing and changes in fire regime since European settlement of the Roper region. He also raised the possibility of birds surviving along rivers north of the Roper in eastern Arnhem Land. The subspecies is listed by the Australian Government as Extinct and by the Northern Territory Government as Data Deficient. Schodde and Mason have opined:

> Because doubt attaches its provenance ... *colcloughi* should be struck from the Australian avian inventory until the unlikely event of its rediscovery. Its collector, Colclough, passed through Cape York on the expedition which took it, and included in his manuscript list of Roper River birds a number of other species known only from northeast Australia ... Thus, given its similarity to the Cape York Peninsula form, his "*Drymodes superciliaris*" from the Roper is probably either a case of mistaken locality or a hoax.

## InfoBox

| Roper River scrub robin | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Extinct  (EPBC Act) | |
| Scientific classification
(disputed) | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Infraorder: | Passerides |
| Family: | Petroicidae |
| Genus: | *Drymodes* |
| Species: | *D. superciliaris* |
| Subspecies: | ***D. s. colcloughi*** |
| Trinomial name | |
| ***Drymodes superciliaris colcloughi***
Mathews, 1914 | |


title: Muscel County

abstract: Muscel County is a former first-order administrative district of Romania. It was located in the southern central part of Greater Romania, in the northwestern part of the historic region of Muntenia. Its territory is now mostly part of Argeș County, while some communes now belong to Dâmbovița County. The county seat was Câmpulung. The county was bordered on the west by Argeș County, to the north by the counties of Făgăraș and Brașov, and to the east by Dâmbovița County. In 1938, the county was disestablished and incorporated into the newly formed Ținutul Argeș, but it was re-established in 1940 after the fall of Carol II's regime – only to be abolished on 6 September 1950 by the Communist regime.

text:
# Muscel County

**Muscel County** is a former first-order administrative district of Romania. It was located in the southern central part of Greater Romania, in the northwestern part of the historic region of Muntenia. Its territory is now mostly part of Argeș County, while some communes (Malu cu Flori, Pucheni and Văleni-Dâmbovița) now belong to Dâmbovița County. The county seat was Câmpulung.

The county was bordered on the west by Argeș County, to the north by the counties of Făgăraș and Brașov, and to the east by Dâmbovița County.

In 1938, the county was disestablished and incorporated into the newly formed Ținutul Argeș, but it was re-established in 1940 after the fall of Carol II's regime – only to be abolished on 6 September 1950 by the Communist regime.

## Administrative organization

Administratively, Muscel County was originally divided into two districts (*plăși*):

1. Plasa Podgoria
2. Plasa Radu-Negru

Subsequently a third district was established:

3. Plasa Râul Doamnei

By 1938, the county was divided administratively into six districts:

1. Plasa Argeșel
2. Plasa Dâmbovița
3. Plasa Podgoria
4. Plasa Râul Doamnei
5. Plasa Râurile
6. Plasa Golești

## Population

According to the 1930 census data, the county population was 149,797 inhabitants, ethnically divided as follows: 97.1% Romanians, 2.3% Romanies, 0.2% Hungarians, as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, 99.3% Orthodox, 0.3% Roman Catholic, as well as other minorities.

### Urban population

In 1930, the county's urban population was 13,868 inhabitants, ethnically divided as follows: 95.4% Romanians, 1.2% Hungarians, 0.9% Romanies, 0.5% Germans, as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population was composed of 95.8% Eastern Orthodox, 2.2% Roman Catholic, 0.6% Reformed (Calvinist), 0.4% Evangelical (Lutheran), 0.3% Baptist, 0.2% Greek Catholic, as well as other minorities.

## Industry

A paper factory (*Câmpulungul S. A.*) functioned within the county seat, the town of Câmpulung, as of 1931.

## InfoBox

| Județul Muscel | |
| --- | --- |
| County (*Județ*) | |
| The Muscel County Prefecture's building from the interwar period, now Câmpulung city hall. | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Country | Romania |
| Historic region | Muntenia |
| County seat (*Reședință de județ*) | Câmpulung |
| Established | Sometime before 1601 |
| Ceased to exist | Administrative reform of 1950 |
| Area | |
| Total | 3,058 km2 (1,181 sq mi) |
| Population (1930) | |
| Total | 149,797 |
| Density | 49/km2 (130/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


title: Evoluon

abstract: The Evoluon is a UFO-shaped building located in Eindhoven, the Netherlands. It was built in 1966 as a science museum by the electronics and electrical company Philips. It quickly became a landmark in Eindhoven, where Philips was headquartered at the time. The museum closed in 1989 and the building reopened as a conference centre and exhibition venue in 1998. The building is unique due to its very futuristic design, resembling a landed flying saucer. It was designed by architects Leo de Bever and Louis Christiaan Kalff, while the exhibition it housed was conceived by James Gardner. De Bever and Kalff only got two demands for the design of the building, it had to be "spectacular" and it had to be possible to hold exhibitions in the building. Its concrete dome is 77 metres (253 ft) in diameter and is held in place by 169 kilometres (105 mi) of reinforcing steel bars. In the 1960s and 1970s the Evoluon attracted large numbers of visitors due to its innovative interactive exhibitions. When competing science museums opened in other cities, the number of visitors declined and the original museum closed down in 1989. The building was converted into a conference centre which opened in 1998. In the UK the Evoluon is chiefly remembered from Bert Haanstra's wordless short film entitled simply Evoluon, commissioned by Philips to publicise the museum, and shown as a trade test colour film on BBC television from 1968 to 1972. In October 2013 the Evoluon was used to stage four 3D-concerts by the German electronic band Kraftwerk, each before an audience of 1,200 spectators. Key band member Ralf Hütter handpicked the venue for its retro-futuristic look. Bespoke 3D-visuals of the saucer section of the building descending from space were used in the live rendition of their track Spacelab. On September 24, 2022, the Evoluon reopened to the public with the RetroFuture exhibition.

text:
# Evoluon

51°26′37″N 5°26′49″E / 51.44361°N 5.44694°E / 51.44361; 5.44694 The **Evoluon** is a UFO-shaped building located in Eindhoven, the Netherlands. It was built in 1966 as a science museum by the electronics and electrical company Philips. It quickly became a landmark in Eindhoven, where Philips was headquartered at the time. The museum closed in 1989 and the building reopened as a conference centre and exhibition venue in 1998.

The building is unique due to its very futuristic design, resembling a landed flying saucer. It was designed by architects Leo de Bever and Louis Christiaan Kalff, while the exhibition it housed was conceived by James Gardner. De Bever and Kalff only got two demands for the design of the building, it had to be "spectacular" and it had to be possible to hold exhibitions in the building.

Its concrete dome is 77 metres (253 ft) in diameter and is held in place by 169 kilometres (105 mi) of reinforcing steel bars.

In the 1960s and 1970s the Evoluon attracted large numbers of visitors due to its innovative interactive exhibitions. When competing science museums opened in other cities, the number of visitors declined and the original museum closed down in 1989. The building was converted into a conference centre which opened in 1998.

In the UK the Evoluon is chiefly remembered from Bert Haanstra's wordless short film entitled simply *Evoluon*, commissioned by Philips to publicise the museum, and shown as a trade test colour film on BBC television from 1968 to 1972.

In October 2013 the Evoluon was used to stage four 3D-concerts by the German electronic band Kraftwerk, each before an audience of 1,200 spectators. Key band member Ralf Hütter handpicked the venue for its retro-futuristic look. Bespoke 3D-visuals of the saucer section of the building descending from space were used in the live rendition of their track *Spacelab*.

On September 24, 2022, the Evoluon reopened to the public with the *RetroFuture* exhibition.

Stitched panorama of its interior

Media related to Evoluon at Wikimedia Commons


title: Lincoln Brewster (album)

abstract: Lincoln Brewster is the self-titled debut Christian worship music album by Lincoln Brewster released on April 21, 1999 by Vertical Music.

text:
# Lincoln Brewster (album)

***Lincoln Brewster*** is the self-titled debut Christian worship music album by Lincoln Brewster released on April 21, 1999 by Vertical Music.

## Track listing

All tracks composed by Lincoln Brewster, except where indicated.

1. "He's All I Need" - 4:43
2. "Everybody Praise the Lord" - 4:12
3. "Hey God" - (Brewster, Daniel Rhinehart) - 3:55
4. "What Kind of Man" - 4:31
5. "Can't Deny" - 4:49
6. "Spin" - 2:35
7. "Shine" - 3:01
8. "On My Way" - 3:53
9. "Broken" - 4:41
10. "Walk On" - 5:01

## Personnel

**Gang vocals on "Everybody Praise the Lord"**

* Lincoln Brewster, Darrel Corlew, David DeMarco and C.J. Hattlevig

### Production

* Don Moen – executive producer
* Chris Thomason – executive producer
* Lincoln Brewster – producer, overdub recording, mixing
* Paul Mills – producer, track recording, overdub recording, mixing
* Matt Damico – Pro Tools tracking engineer
* Steve Dady – track recording assistant
* Jeff Pitzer – track recording assistant
* Craig Young – track recording assistant
* Josh Armstrong – overdub recording assistant
* Laura Brewster – overdub recording assistant
* Hank Williams – mastering at MasterMix (Nashville, Tennessee)
* Jimmy Abegg – photography
* Diana Lussenden – design

## InfoBox

| Lincoln Brewster | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Lincoln Brewster | |
| Released | 1999, April 21 |
| Studio | Sunset Blvd Studios, Phat Farm and RTC Studio (Franklin, Tennessee) * Linc's house (Nashville, Tennessee) * Linc's apartment (Modesto, California) |
| Genre | Modern Worship |
| Label | Vertical |
| Producer | Lincoln Brewster* Paul Mills |
| Lincoln Brewster chronology | |
| ***Lincoln Brewster***
(1999) *Live to Worship*
(2000) | |


title: Never+Land

abstract: Never+Land is the debut studio album by Japanese vocalist Koda Misono, former vocalist of day after tomorrow, under the stage name "misono." The album was released on February 28, 2007 following the released of five singles, and charted at No. 20 on the Oricon weekly charts.

text:
# Never+Land

***Never+Land*** (stylized as *never+land*) is the debut studio album by Japanese vocalist Koda Misono, former vocalist of day after tomorrow, under the stage name "misono." The album was released on February 28, 2007 following the released of five singles, and charted at No. 20 on the Oricon weekly charts.

## Information

*never+land* is the debut studio album of Japanese singer-songwriter misono. It was her first album since the disbandment of day after tomorrow, of which misono was the lead vocalist. The album debuted high on the Oricon Albums Charts, coming it at #8; however, the album dropped in rank throughout the week, giving the album the weekly ranking of No. 20. It stayed on the charts for three consecutive weeks.

Staying true to the title, *never+land* was an album centered around a fairy tale theme, with many of the songs' being homages to various famous fairy tales. The album's title and artwork was a take on Neverland from the tale of Peter Pan, most notably from the 1953 film of the same name released by The Walt Disney Company. Many of the adaptations were in reference to Disney's films. Her first single for the album, "VS," was centered around the fairy tale of Snow White, with misono playing both the character Snow White and the evil queen. Throughout the song, the evil queen would set traps, which Snow White would find and turn against her. Her second song, "Kojin Jugyō," was a take on *Cinderella,* with misono being shown to have affection for a classmate, who doesn't appear to notice her. In the song, a small fairy comes to transform her, which gains the attention of her crush; but, as with the fairy tale, her transformation disappears after midnight. Her sister, Koda Kumi, would later take inspiration from this video for her song "Koi no Tsubomi."

For "Speedrive," misono performed a take on *The Ugly Duckling.* For the video, she used a green screen and, as the Ugly Duckling, would constantly fall into misfortune. While the song "Hot Time" was omitted on the CD, the other a-side, "A.\__~answer~," was used. The song was inspired by Peter Pan and performs a take with Peter coming back to visit Wendy, who has grown old and frail and can no longer play as they did when they were children. "Hot Time," however, was a take on *The Little Match Girl.* For the album, only the scene where misono was thrown outside of her home by her father was used.

For track No. 10, "Five Finger Medley," misono covered an array of songs from the 1970s group Finger 5: "Kojin Jugyo," "Koi no Dial 6700," "Gakuen Tengoku" and "Koi no Daiyogen." Of the new material on the album, only the track "Suna no Shiro no Mermaid ~Riku to Umi no Sekai~" (砂の城のマーメイド～陸と海の世界～ / Sandcastle Mermaid ~World of Land and Sea~) harbored a music video. This song was also used as the main promotional single to help promote the album.

The album had drawn criticism due to it carrying little new material, with the album being predominately previous a-sides and b-sides of the previous singles, and only four new songs being released.

## Packaging

*never+land* was released in three editions: CD, CD+DVD and a CD+Photobook combo.

Both the CD and CD+DVD editions contained the same material on the CD portion. Despite the album having five singles prior to its release, only one of the videos made it to the DVD: "A.\__~answer~." Instead of the *Girls meet Beauty* version that was used on the single, the version contained the story of Peter Pan, in which he returns to visit Wendy, who has grown old and frail and can no longer see him, despite him coming to visit her. As a bonus track, an alternate version of "Hot Time" was placed on the album. Instead of the music video carrying the full story of *The Little Match Girl,* the version on the album was when the girl was thrown outside in the mud by her father to sell the matches.

The DVD did contain one new music video: "Suna no Shiro no Mermaid ~Riku to Umi no Sekai~." To keep in tune with the fairy tale theme of the album, the video was centered around the fairy tale of *The Little Mermaid.*

For the CD+Photobook edition, the photo book contained every promotional image of misono from her time in the band day after tomorrow until the release of her solo album.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by misono (#10 by Yū Aku)

CD
| No. | Title | Music | Arranger(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Powder" | Aiha Higurashi |  | 1:44 |
| 2. | "Lovely♥Cat's Eye ~Neko wa Kotatsu de Maruku Naranai no Maki~" (ネコはコタツで丸くならないの巻 / *The Cat Can't Curl Up Under the Heater Version*) | Susumu Nishikawa | Susumu Nishikawa • Takahiro Izutani | 4:27 |
| 3. | "Speedrive" | Kōichi Tsutaya | Takahiro Izutani | 4:25 |
| 4. | "A.\__~answer~" | Misono | Akira Murata | 3:56 |
| 5. | "Ari to Girigirsu ~10 Years Later~" | Yōzō Nakatsugawa | Yōzō Nakatsugawa | 4:23 |
| 6. | "Suna no Shiro no Mermaid ~Riku to Umi no Sekai~" (砂の城のマ－メイド〜陸と海の世界〜 / *Sandcastle Mermaid ~World of Land and Sea~*) | shogo.k | Akira Murata | 4:13 |
| 7. | "Kodomo no Jijō\>Otona no Shijō²" (子供の事情＞大人の私情² / *Kid's Reasons\>Adult's Feelings²*) | keito blow | Susumu Nishikawa | 4:00 |
| 8. | "Glass no Kutsu" | Misono | Kōtaro Kubo | 5:36 |
| 9. | "VS" | Susumu Nishikawa | Takahiro Izutani | 4:12 |
| 10. | "Finger 5 Medley" (Kojin Jugyō, Koi no Dial 6700, Gakuen Tengoku, Koi no Daiyogen) | Shunichi TokuraTadao Inoue | Takahiro Izutani | 7:14 |
| 11. | "Pinkies" | Takahiro Izutani | Takahiro Izutani | 5:15 |
| 12. | "Re:" | Kōsuke Morimoto | Yukiyoshi | 2:54 |

DVD
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "A.\__~answer~" (Music Video) |  |
| 2. | "Suna no Shiro no Mermaid ~Riku to Umi no Sekai~" (Music Video) |  |
| 3. | "The Making" (Bonus Movie) |  |
| 4. | "Hot Time ~Mud 1 Take ver.~" (Bonus Movie) |  |

## Charts

### Album

| Release | Chart | Peak position | Sales total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| February 28, 2007 | Oricon Daily Albums Chart | 8 |  |
| | Oricon Weekly Albums Chart | 20 | 12,789 |

### Singles

| Date | Title | Peak position |
| --- | --- | --- |
| March 29, 2006 | "Vs" | 4 |
| May 10, 2006 | "Kojin Jugyō" | 15 |
| July 12, 2006 | "Speedrive" | 21 |
| November 1, 2006 | "Lovely Cat's Eye" | 14 |
| February 7, 2007 | "Hot Time/A. (Answer)" | 22 |

## InfoBox

| never+land | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Misono | |
| Released | February 28, 2007 |
| Recorded | 2006–2007 |
| Genre | J-Pop, pop/rock |
| Length | 52:19 |
| Label | Avex Trax
CD (AVCD-23204)
CD+DVD (AVCD-23203)
CD+Photobook (AVCD-23202) |
| Misono chronology | |
| ***never+land***
(2007) *Sei -say-*
(2008) | |
|  | |
| Alternative cover | |
|  | |
| CD+DVD | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *never+land* | |
| 1. "VS"
Released: March 29, 2006 2. "Kojin Jugyō"
Released: May 10, 2006 3. "Speedrive"
Released: July 12, 2006 4. "Lovely♥Cat's Eye"
Released: November 1, 2006 5. "Hot Time/A.\__~answer~"
Released: February 7, 2007 | |
|  | |


title: Evelin Kaufer

abstract: Evelin Kaufer is a retired East German sprinter who competed in the 100 metres. At the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich Kaufer reached the heats of the 100 m and won a silver medal in the 4 × 100 m relay with her teammates Christina Heinich, Bärbel Struppert and Renate Stecher. Kaufer competed for the club SC Einheit Dresden during her active career. She married the DDR-Oberliga footballer Udo Schmuck.

text:
# Evelin Kaufer

**Evelin Kaufer** (later **Schmuck**; born 22 February 1953, in Sohland an der Spree) is a retired East German sprinter who competed in the 100 metres.

At the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich Kaufer reached the heats of the 100 m and won a silver medal in the 4 × 100 m relay with her teammates Christina Heinich, Bärbel Struppert and Renate Stecher.

Kaufer competed for the club SC Einheit Dresden during her active career. She married the DDR-Oberliga footballer Udo Schmuck.

## InfoBox

| Olympic medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Women's athletics | | |
|  | 1972 Munich | 4×100 metre relay |


title: Eusebius J. Beltran

abstract: Eusebius Joseph Beltran is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as archbishop of the Archdiocese of Oklahoma City in Oklahoma from 1993 until 2010. He previously served as bishop of the Diocese of Tulsa in Oklahoma from 1978 to 1992. Beltran was ordained in 1960 and did pastoral and curial work in the Archdiocese of Atlanta until 1978. He also participated in the Selma to Montgomery marches in 1965 during the civil rights movement.

text:
# Eusebius J. Beltran

| Styles of
**Eusebius Joseph Beltran** | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Reference style |  |
| Spoken style | Your Excellency |
| Religious style | Archbishop |

**Eusebius Joseph Beltran** (born August 31, 1934) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as archbishop of the Archdiocese of Oklahoma City in Oklahoma from 1993 until 2010. He previously served as bishop of the Diocese of Tulsa in Oklahoma from 1978 to 1992.

Beltran was ordained in 1960 and did pastoral and curial work in the Archdiocese of Atlanta until 1978. He also participated in the Selma to Montgomery marches in 1965 during the civil rights movement.

## Biography

### Early life

Eusebius Beltran was born on August 31, 1934, in Ashley, Pennsylvania, to Joseph and Helen (née Kozlowski) Beltran. His father was a Spanish immigrant and coal miner, who later died of black lung disease. The fifth of eight children, Beltran has two siblings who entered the religious life as well; one brother also became a priest and one sister became a nun, taking the religious name Sister Sponsa and working as a missionary in Liberia. Eusebius Beltran was raised in Wilkes Barre and attended Marymount School. He took the name Joseph as his confirmation name.

After Beltran's father contracted Black Lung disease, he moved the family to Georgia in search of different employment. Aspiring to become a missionary, Eusebius Beltran became a seminarian for the Diocese of Savannah following his graduation from high school. Beltran returned to Pennsylvania for eight years, studying at St. Charles Borromeo Seminary in Philadelphia.

### Priesthood

Beltran was ordained to the priesthood by Bishop Francis Hyland on May 14, 1960, for the Diocese of Atlanta. Beltran then did pastoral and curial work in the Atlanta diocese (raised to archdiocese in 1962) until 1978. He attended the Second Vatican Council sessions in Rome during the early 1960's as a peritus to Archbishop Paul Hallinan. He also participated in the Selma to Montgomery marches in 1965 during the American civil rights movement. From 1971 to 1978, Beltran served as vicar general for the archdiocese.

### Bishop of Tulsa

On February 28, 1978, Beltran was appointed bishop of Tulsa by Pope Paul VI. He was consecrated on April 20 by Archbishop Charles Salatka, with Archbishop Thomas Donnellan and Bishop Andrew McDonald serving as co-consecrators. His mother, Helen, died shortly afterwards.

Most notable among his charity work were his efforts to assist persons in need, including unwed mothers, HIV/AIDS victims, homeless families, and women who had just been released from prison.

### Archbishop of Oklahoma City

On November 24, 1992, Beltran was selected as archbishop of Oklahoma City by Pope John Paul II. He was installed on January 22, 1993. Beltran became the official publisher of the *Sooner Catholic,* a bi-monthly newspaper for Catholics in Oklahoma. Beltran's sermons were featured in each number of the newspaper during his reign.

In 1999, Reverend James Francis Rapp was arrested and pleaded no contest to sexually abusing two boys in Duncan, Oklahoma. During a subsequent civil trial, it was discovered that Beltran knew about Rapp's prior history of abuse as early as 1994. Beltran received medical documents and psychiatric evaluations of Rapp that advised the priest should not be allowed to work with children.

In 2009, Beltran expressed his opposition to President Barack Obama giving the commencement speech at and receiving an honorary degree from the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Indiana, saying, "President Obama, by word and action, has approved of abortion and other atrocities against human life. Therefore he deserves no recognition at a Catholic institution."

### Retirement and legacy

Upon reaching his 75th birthday in 2009, Beltran submitted to the Vatican a letter of resignation as archbishop of Oklahoma City, as required by Catholic canon law. His request was accepted by Pope Benedict XVI on December 16, 2010, during a press conference at which his successor, Bishop Paul Stagg Coakley of the Diocese of Salina, Kansas, was introduced.

1. "Archbishop Emeritus - Biography of Archbishop Beltran". *Archdiocese of Oklahoma City*. Retrieved 2023-11-11.
2. Romano, Lois (May 21, 2002). "OKLA. ARCHBISHOP FAILED TO OUST PRIEST; LONG TRAIL OF ABUSE PROMPTS CRITICISM". *Washington Post*. Retrieved 2016-05-17.
3. Hinton, Carla (April 2009). "Speech by Obama faces Catholic foes in Oklahoma". *The Oklahoman*. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
4. Hinton, Carla (December 16, 2010). "Newly-named Oklahoma archbishop said he will 'eagerly embrace' his appointment". *The Oklahoman*. Retrieved December 16, 2010.

## Episcopal succession

## InfoBox

| His Excellency, The Most Reverend
Eusebius Joseph Beltran | |
| --- | --- |
| Archbishop Emeritus of Oklahoma City | |
| Archdiocese | Oklahoma City |
| Appointed | November 24, 1992 |
| Installed | January 22, 1993 |
| Retired | December 16, 2010 |
| Predecessor | Charles Alexander K. Salatka |
| Successor | Paul Stagg Coakley |
| Previous post(s) | * Bishop of Tulsa (1978–1993) |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | May 14, 1960 |
| Consecration | April 20, 1978
by Charles Salatka, Thomas Andrew Donnellan, and Andrew Joseph McDonald |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1934-08-31) August 31, 1934
Ashley, Pennsylvania |
| Motto | We are one in Christ |


title: Out of Time (2003 film)

abstract: Out of Time is a 2003 American mystery thriller film directed by Carl Franklin and starring Denzel Washington. The two had previously worked together for the 1995 film Devil in a Blue Dress.

text:
# Out of Time (2003 film)

***Out of Time*** is a 2003 American mystery thriller film directed by Carl Franklin and starring Denzel Washington. The two had previously worked together for the 1995 film *Devil in a Blue Dress*.

## Plot

Matt Lee Whitlock is the respected chief of police in the small Florida Keys town of Banyan Key. Recently separated, Matt is currently seeing local resident Ann Merai-Harrison, an old flame from high school whose husband Chris, a former professional quarterback seemingly oblivious to the relationship, abuses her. While taking Ann to the doctor, Matt finds out she has been diagnosed with terminal cancer. Matt is also going through a divorce from his wife, homicide detective Alex, and is friends with medical examiner Chae.

Ann intends to reward Matt's loyalty by making him the sole beneficiary of her $1,000,000 life insurance policy. Matt suggests that she should travel to Switzerland to undergo a newly developed, groundbreaking treatment, but Ann is unable to afford it. Desperate to help, Matt takes $485,000 out of evidence from a drug bust and gives it to Ann so she can make the trip. When the money goes up in flames in a suspicious house fire that kills Ann and Chris, Matt is horrified to find their charred remains. Upon investigation, Matt discovers that the doctor that diagnosed Ann was an imposter, Ann didn't have cancer, and he has been set up.

When DEA agents call the next day to get the evidence money in order to bust a drug kingpin, Matt responds erratically. He finds out the money is now with the imposter and that Alex is about to bust him. He rushes to the hotel and, after a brief struggle, accidentally kills the imposter, takes the money and flees. Although Matt is seen by the police, he is thought to have come to protect Alex.

Later that evening, Alex finds that Matt is Ann's sole beneficiary and also that he has been in a relationship with her. At the same time, Matt receives a distress call from Ann, who is still alive, and unofficially goes to save her. Chris and Matt fight, during which Ann shoots and kills Chris. Ann then reveals that she had planned the recent events for money and fortune, and shoots Matt in the leg.

Just as Ann is about to kill Matt, Alex kills her; Alex traced Matt using a GPS tracker and asks whether he planned to elope with the money, but Matt reveals that he has not brought the money with him. When the irritated DEA agents come to arrest Matt, he says that his man was sent to Miami. Chae appears with the money, explaining that bad information led him to the wrong address. The DEA agents leave with the money and Matt has no charges brought against him.

Later, when Matt is on medical leave, Chae visits him with news that Matt is the recipient of Ann's insurance policy. But Alex says that "as his wife," she knows that Matt has to reject it, meaning that she has decided to drop the divorce and move back in with Matt. Overjoyed, Matt seemingly forgets about the money, though Chae is amusingly adamant that Matt must take it.

## Cast

## Awards

**2004 Black Reel Awards**

**2004 Image Awards**

## Reception

On Rotten Tomatoes the film has a score of 64% based on 150 reviews, with an average rating of 6.30 out of 10. The critical consensus states the film is a "fun and stylish thriller if you can get past the contrivances." On Metacritic it has a score of 63% based on reviews from 35 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

## Video game

WAP and Java mobile phone games based upon this movie were released in the UK in association with O2 and Momentum Pictures by Kalador Entertainment Inc.

## Home media

*Out of Time* was released on VHS and DVD on January 6, 2004, in widescreen-only for DVD & full screen for VHS.

## Remake

The film was remade in India as *Zeher* and released in 2005.

## InfoBox

| Out of Time | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Carl Franklin |
| Written by | David Collard |
| Produced by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Theo van de Sande |
| Edited by | Carole Kravetz |
| Music by | Graeme Revell |
| Production<br>companies |  |
| Distributed by | MGM Distribution Co. |
| Release date | * October 3, 2003 (2003-10-03) |
| Running time | 105 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $50 million |
| Box office | $55.5 million |


title: Evelyn Schlag

abstract: Evelyn Schlag is an Austrian poet and novelist. She was born and raised in Waidhofen an der Ybbs and studied at the University of Vienna. She lived in Vienna for a few years before moving back to her native Waidhofen, where she continues to live today. Schlag has published more than a dozen books ranging from prose fiction to acclaimed poetry. She has also translated the work of the British poet Douglas Dunn into German. Schlag’s novel Die Kränkung was published in English translation under the title Quotations of a Body. Karen Leeder's translation of Schlag's selected poetry won the Schlegel-Tieck Prize.

text:
# Evelyn Schlag

**Evelyn Schlag** (born 1952) is an Austrian poet and novelist. She was born and raised in Waidhofen an der Ybbs and studied at the University of Vienna. She lived in Vienna for a few years before moving back to her native Waidhofen, where she continues to live today. Schlag has published more than a dozen books ranging from prose fiction to acclaimed poetry. She has also translated the work of the British poet Douglas Dunn into German.

Schlag’s novel *Die Kränkung* was published in English translation under the title *Quotations of a Body*. Karen Leeder's translation of Schlag's selected poetry won the Schlegel-Tieck Prize.


title: Evelyn Scotney

abstract: Evelyn Scotney was an Australian lyric coloratura soprano of great renown in the period from 1913 to the late 1920s. Her range extended to E in altissimo. She was compared very favourably with Amelita Galli-Curci, Luisa Tetrazzini and others. Her recording of "Caro nome" from Verdi's Rigoletto was described by a critic as "one of the best soprano records in existence", and her recording of The Blue Danube and other Strauss vocal waltzes was described as "absolutely perfect coloratura singing". She appears in The Record of Singing.

text:
# Evelyn Scotney

**Evelyn Scotney** (11 July 1896 – 5 August 1967) was an Australian lyric coloratura soprano of great renown in the period from 1913 to the late 1920s. Her range extended to E *in altissimo*. She was compared very favourably with Amelita Galli-Curci, Luisa Tetrazzini and others. Her recording of "Caro nome" from Verdi's *Rigoletto* was described by a critic as "one of the best soprano records in existence", and her recording of *The Blue Danube* and other Strauss vocal waltzes was described as "absolutely perfect coloratura singing". She appears in *The Record of Singing*.

## Biography

Evelyn Scotney was born in Ballarat in 1896, to parents Henry Bailey Scotney and Eliza Scotney. Her father was a professor from the University of Oxford who had come to Australia to study minerals, married there, and decided to stay. Her family moved to Melbourne when she was young. She studied singing there with Elise Wiedermann, who also taught Elsa Stralia, Florence Austral and others. She was first noticed by Nellie Melba, while singing at a reception for Lord Kitchener in Melbourne. Melba sent her to Paris to study with her own teacher Mathilde Marchesi. She later studied with Paolo Tosti in London. There she was heard by Henry Russell, the director of the Boston Opera Company, who engaged her to sing in Boston. She first appeared as La Charmeuse in Massenet's *Thais*, then deputised for Luisa Tetrazzini in the title role of Donizetti's *Lucia di Lammermoor*, the Mad Scene from which became her most famous part. In this and other roles she was said to surpass Tetrazzini. Her other roles in Boston included Carmen and Olympia (*The Tales of Hoffmann*). She also sang in Debussy's *Le martyre de Saint Sébastien* in 1912 with Jeska Swartz, conducted by André Caplet.

Evelyn Scotney married Howard J. White, a bass singer with the company, and was then known as "Madame Scotney". She later sang at the Metropolitan Opera in New York, in operas such as Rimsky-Korsakov's *Le Coq d'Or*, *Lucia di Lammermoor*, *L'elisir d'amore* and the revival of Fromental Halévy's *La Juive*, in which she sang opposite Enrico Caruso.

During World War I she had various tours of Australia with her husband. Her only brother Henry died in 1915, aged 21. She returned to the US after the war. It was Evelyn Scotney who appeared opposite Enrico Caruso in his final performance, in *La Juive*, on Christmas Eve 1920. She sang in Melbourne in 1923. By 1925 she was singing Gilda (*Rigoletto*) in London. She sang with the Beecham Opera Company and appeared at The Proms in the 1920s.

Evelyn Scotney remarried in London in the 1920s, to B. H. Russell, London manager of the Cunard Line. Their wedding was attended by Sir Joseph Cook (then Australian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom and a former Prime Minister of Australia) and Lady Cook. She and Russell had a son in 1924 and another son in mid-1926.

She gave a series of six Farewell Concerts in Australia in 1926.

Scotney Place, in the Canberra suburb of Chisholm, is named in her honour.

## Recordings

Evelyn Scotney's recordings include:

A full discography of Evelyn Scotney's recordings is available.

## Further reading


title: Eutrypanus dorsalis

abstract: Eutrypanus dorsalis is a species of longhorn beetle of the subfamily Lamiinae. It was described by Ernst Friedrich Germar in 1824 and is known from eastern Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, and Bolivia.

text:
# Eutrypanus dorsalis

***Eutrypanus dorsalis*** is a species of longhorn beetle of the subfamily Lamiinae. It was described by Ernst Friedrich Germar in 1824 and is known from eastern Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, and Bolivia.

## InfoBox

| *Eutrypanus dorsalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Eutrypanus* |
| Species: | ***E. dorsalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eutrypanus dorsalis***<br>(Germar, 1824) | |
|


title: Out of the Ordinary Festival

abstract: The Out of the Ordinary Festival was an annual family- and eco-friendly music festival near Hailsham in the Sussex countryside. From 2007 to 2013 it celebrated the autumn equinox in England with a variety of live music, talks and workshops, performances, activities for children with green and ethical businesses, many powered by solar panels and wind generators. It started as a development of The Antiquarian Society in Brighton. The festival took place for three days in the autumn and had a capacity of 5,000 people. The festival was held at Knockhatch Park, a setting which comprises an ex-landfill site).

text:
# Out of the Ordinary Festival

The **Out of the Ordinary Festival** was an annual family- and eco-friendly music festival near Hailsham in the Sussex countryside. From 2007 to 2013 it celebrated the autumn equinox in England with a variety of live music, talks and workshops, performances, activities for children with green and ethical businesses, many powered by solar panels and wind generators. It started as a development of The Antiquarian Society in Brighton. The festival took place for three days in the autumn and had a capacity of 5,000 people. The festival was held at Knockhatch Park, a setting which comprises an ex-landfill site).

## Festival details

The Out of the Ordinary business was started by Stuart Mason and his partner Emily in 2007 on the Sussex Downs near the vale of the Long Man of Wilmington.

Workshops and talks included such topics as prehistoric culture, ancient knowledge and earth mysteries. This included yoga, meditation, alternative healing and the chance to use a variety of telescopes, a planetarium and laser guided tours of the constellations. Notable speakers include Professor Gordon Hillman, Jonathan Cainer, Andy Thomas, Edmund Marriage, Leo Rutherford and Robert Bauval.

The festival was divided into seven areas named after each of the seven chakras. The music area was appropriately named the throat chakra with two stages, the Ootopia and Peace Stage, as well as an indoor bar and the Conscious Cabaret. In 2011, the site had a new, simplified layout comprising the four elements, though still paying tribute to the seven chakras that defined its inner workings. The festival has an eclectic mix of music ranging from folk to reggae and electronic and DJs. Sussex Downs College co-sponsored a solar-powered music stage at the festival in 2010.

## Music

Out of the Ordinary Festival has featured many acts that are well known in the alternative scene. Notable performers include:

50°51′27″N 0°13′40″E / 50.8574°N 0.2278°E / 50.8574; 0.2278

## InfoBox

| Out of the Ordinary Festival | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Folk music, electronic music, ambient music, techno, house, pop music, dubstep, world music. |
| Location(s) | Knockhatch Park, Hailsham, Sussex, England |
| Years active | 2007–2013 |
| Website | outoftheordinaryfestival.com |


title: Otvice

abstract: Otvice is a municipality and village in Chomutov District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants. Otvice lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Chomutov, 47 km (29 mi) south-west of Ústí nad Labem, and 82 km (51 mi) north-west of Prague.

text:
# Otvice

**Otvice** is a municipality and village in Chomutov District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.

Otvice lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Chomutov, 47 km (29 mi) south-west of Ústí nad Labem, and 82 km (51 mi) north-west of Prague.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 433 |  |
| 1880 | 570 | +31.6% |
| 1890 | 622 | +9.1% |
| 1900 | 923 | +48.4% |
| 1910 | 1,078 | +16.8% |
| 1921 | 1,154 | +7.1% |
| 1930 | 1,405 | +21.8% |
| 1950 | 839 | −40.3% |
| 1961 | 844 | +0.6% |
| 1970 | 742 | −12.1% |
| 1980 | 592 | −20.2% |
| 1991 | 467 | −21.1% |
| 2001 | 520 | +11.3% |
| 2011 | 602 | +15.8% |
| 2021 | 687 | +14.1% |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## InfoBox

| Otvice | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Centre of Otvice | |
|  | |
| OtviceLocation in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 50°28′51″N 13°27′3″E / 50.48083°N 13.45083°E / 50.48083; 13.45083 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | Ústí nad Labem |
| District | Chomutov |
| First mentioned | 1295 |
| Area | |
| Total | 5.31 km2 (2.05 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 323 m (1,060 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01) | |
| Total | 714 |
| Density | 130/km2 (350/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 431 11 |
| Website | www.otvice.cz |


title: Everal Walsh

abstract: Everal Walsh is a British actor, known for his voice over roles in video games, such as The Witcher and Sacred 3.

text:
# Everal Walsh

**Everal Walsh** is a British actor, known for his voice over roles in video games, such as *The Witcher* and *Sacred 3*.

## Early life

He trained at the Academy Drama School, where he was the recipient of the *Stage* Scholarship.

## Career

His roles on television include Wayne in *The Street*, Raymond the Bastard in *Max and Paddy's Road to Nowhere* and Cecil in *Prime Suspect 5*. He has also appeared in *Coronation Street*, *Emmerdale* and *Doctor Who*.

In 2011, he played his first major role in the feature film *Screwed*, directed by Reg Traviss, playing the part of Curtis Nelson. The film, released nationally by Lionsgate Films in June 2011, was based on the 2008 book *Screwed: The Truth About Life as a Prison Officer* written by the pseudonymous Ronnie Thompson.

His theatre work includes productions at the West Yorkshire Playhouse, the Nottingham Playhouse and the Royal Exchange Theatre, Manchester.

Walsh works as a voice actor and has appeared in a number of radio productions for BBC Radio 4. He has also provided voiceovers for several video games.

## Filmography

### Video games

List of voice performances in video games
| Year | Title | Role | Notes | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2002 | *TimeSplitters 2* | Narrator; Sgt. Cortez; Elijah Jones; Braces; Henchman; Sgt. Shock; Pvt. Coal; Cpt. Night |  | Game guide |
| 2004 | *Urban Freestyle Soccer* | Shakedown |  | In-game credits |
| | *Second Sight* | Soldiers | Archived from *TimeSplitters 2* |  |
| 2005 | *TimeSplitters: Future Perfect* | Elite Henchman; Oleg | Archived from *TimeSplitters 2* |  |
|

## InfoBox

| Everal Walsh | |
| --- | --- |
| Other names | Everal A. Walsh, Evral Walsh |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1996-present |


title: Evenki orthography

abstract: Evenki orthography is the orthography of the Evenki language. Multiple alphabets based on three different scripts have been and are currently being used, depending on the region. In Russia, a Cyrillic-based alphabet enjoys official status, while in China two scripts are used: Latin script and the Mongolian script (experimentally).

text:
# Evenki orthography

**Evenki orthography** is the orthography of the Evenki language.

Multiple alphabets based on three different scripts have been and are currently being used, depending on the region. In Russia, a Cyrillic-based alphabet enjoys official status, while in China two scripts are used: Latin script (multiple versions) and the Mongolian script (experimentally).

## Preliterate period

Before the 20th century, the Evenki language had no orthography of its own. Material regarding the language was recorded in the 18th and 19th centuries repeatedly by various investigators, who used various orthographical systems in their writings.

The first Evenki texts were published in 1705 in a second edition of a book by Nicolaes Witsen "*Noord en Oost Tartarye*," which contains a translation of a prayer into Evenki, written in the Latin alphabet. Earlier, Evenki words were documented by Philip Johan von Strahlenberg, Peter Simon Pallas, Daniel Gottlieb Messerschmidt and other investigators. For their notes they used both the Latin alphabet and various Cyrillic alphabets. In 1865 the first scientific grammar of the Evenki language, written by Matthias Castrén, was published.

The first attempts to create an Evenki orthography were made by missionaries of the Bible Society in Russia. In 1818 they translated excerpts of the New Testament. The Cyrillic alphabet was used in the translations, which were never published after all. Some publications claim that "Тунгусский букварь" (in English, "Tungus language children's primer (or ABC-book), written 1858), as well as the dictionary and translation of the Gospel of Matthew that followed it, were in the Evenki language. However, in reality, these books were written in the Ola dialect of the Even language.

## Latin alphabets

The creation of Evenki orthography began in the 1920s. In May 1928, researcher Glafira Makar'yevna Vasilyevich wrote «Памятку тунгусам-отпускникам» (lit. Memo to Tungus vacationers) for Evenks studying in Leningrad. It was small textbook, duplicated on glass. In it was the Evenki Latin-based alphabet created by Vasilyevich. A year later she compiled the book «Первая книга для чтения на тунгусском языке,» or «Әwәnkil dukuwuntin,» lit. "First book for reading in the Tungus language." This alphabet had the following letters: **Aa Bb Чч Dd Ӡӡ Ee Әә Gg Hh Ii Kk Ll Mm Nn Ŋŋ Oo Pp Rr Ss Tt Uu Ww Yy**; it also included diacritic marks: a macron, to indicate a lengthened vowel and a sub-letter comma (modernist cedilla), to indicate palatalization.

In 1930 a decision was made to create writing systems for the majority of the peoples of the Northern USSR. The Latin alphabet was chosen as a graphic basis. In the same year Y. P Al'kor suggested the Evenki alphabet project. This project differed from the alphabet created by Vasilyevich only in the inclusion of letters used only in Russian loanwords (**C c, F f, J j, Ш ш, Z z**), and also the usage of the letter **V v** instead of *W w*, **Ç ç** instead of *Ч ч*, as well as the exclusion of the letter *Y y*. In May 1931 the Evenki Latin-based alphabet was officially confirmed, and in 1932 regular book publishing began, using the alphabet. The basis of the literary language was the more thoroughly researched Nepsky dialect (north of Irkutsk Oblast').

The official Latin-based alphabet, which was used in book publishing and school education, was thus:

| A a | B в | C c | D d | Ʒ ʒ | E e | Ə ə | Ə̄ ə̄ | F f |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| G g | H h | I i | J j | K k | L l | M m | N n | Ņ ņ |
| Ŋ ŋ | O o | P p | R r | S s | T t | U u | W w | Z z |

## Cyrillic

In 1937, like many other alphabets used by peoples of the USSR, the Evenki alphabet was changed to a Cyrillic-based one. Initially, it had the 33 letters of the Russian alphabet, plus the digraph **Нг нг**. In the 1950s this digraph was replaced by the letter **Ӈ ӈ**. At the same time the base of Evenki literature was translated to the Poligusov dialect.

The modern Evenki Cyillic-based alphabet contains 34 letters:

| А а | Б б | В в | Г г | Д д | Е е | Ё ё | Ж ж | З з | И и | Й й | К к |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| /a/ | /b/ | /v/ | /ɡ/,/ɣ/ | /d/,/dʒ/ | /je/ | /jo/ | /ʒ/ | /z~dz/ | /i/ | /j/ | /k/ |
| Л л | М м | Н н | Ӈ ӈ | О о | П п | Р р | С с | Т т | У у | Ф ф | Х х |
| /l/ | /m/ | /n/ | /ŋ/ | /ɔ/ | /p/ | /r/ | /s/ | /t/ | /ʊ/, /u/ | /f/ | /x/, /h/ |
| Ц ц | Ч ч | Ш ш | Щ щ | Ъ ъ | Ы ы | Ь ь | Э э | Ю ю | Я я |
| /ts/ | /tʃ/ | /ʃ/ | /ʃtʃ/ | /./ | /ə/, /ɨ/ | /ʲ/ | /e/ | /ju/ | /ja/ |

## China

In China there is no standard orthography for the Evenki language. Various main systems are used to document Evenki texts: a Latin-based, pinyin-like alphabet; Mongolian orthography (experimentally); as well as Chinese hieroglyphics.

### Latin alphabets

There are a few variations of Latin spelling for Evenki. E.g., in the Evenki-Chinese dictionary "Ewengki nihang bilehu biteg," published in 1998, the following variant is used, proposed by Do Dōrji: **A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, Ē ē, F f, G g, Ḡ ḡ, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ng ng, Ɵ ō, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z**. In another textbook of the Evenki language, a standard alphabet, with the addition of the letter **Ө ө**. There are also other variants of Latin spelling, based on the IPA.

### Mongolian script

The Mongolian script is used experimentally.

## Comparison chart of Evenki alphabets

Compiled using:

| Cyrillic | Latin (USSR) | Latin (PRC) | Mongolian Script | IPA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| А а | A a | А а |  | /a/ |
| Б б | B в | B b, W w | ᠪ, ᠸ | /b/, /w/ |
| В в | W w | V v | ᠣᠸ | /v/ |
| Г г | G g | G g |  | /ɡ/ |
| | | Ḡ ḡ | | /ɣ/ |
| Д д | D d | D d |  | /d/ |
| | Ʒ ʒ | J j |  | /dʒ/ |
| Е е | E e | - | - | /je/ |
| Ё ё | *(Jo jo)* | - | - | /jo/ |
| Ж ж | Z z | - | - | /ʒ/ |
| З з | Z z | Z z |  | /z~dz/ |
| И и | I i | I i |  | /i/ |
| Й й | J j | Y y |  | /j/ |
| К к | K k | K k |  | /k/ |
| Л л | L l | L l |  | /l/ |
| М м | M m | M m |  | /m/ |
| Н н | N n | N n |  | /n/ |
| Ӈ ӈ | Ŋ ŋ | Ng ng |  | /ŋ/ |
| О о | O o | Ɵ ō |  | /ɔ/ |
| П п | P p | P p |  | /p/ |
| Р р | R r | R r |  | /r/ |
| С с | S s | S s |  | /s/ |
| Т т | T t | T t |  | /t/ |
| У у | U u | O o, U u |  | /ʊ/, /u/ |
| Ф ф | F f | F f |  | /f/ |
| Х х | H h | H h | ᠾ, ᠬ | /x/, /h/ |
| Ц ц | C c | C c |  | /ts/ |
| Ч ч | C c | Q q |  | /tʃ/ |
| Ш ш | S s | X x |  | /ʃ/ |
| Щ щ | S s | - | - | /ʃtʃ/ |
| Ъ ъ | - | - | - | - |
| Ы ы | - | E e |  | /ə/, /ɨ/ |
| Ь ь | - | - | - | - |
| Э э | Ə ə | Ē ē |  | /e/ |
| Ю ю | *{Ju ju}* | - | - | /ju/ |
| Я я | *(Ja ja)* | - | - | /ja/ |