title: Michael James Farrell

abstract: Michael James Farrell, was a Cambridge economist professionally known as M. J. Farrell. Academically he is remembered largely for the celebrated parametric measure of productive efficiency that he published in 1957.

text:
# Michael James Farrell

**Michael James Farrell** (9 May 1926 – 27 October 1975), was a Cambridge economist professionally known as M. J. Farrell. Academically he is remembered largely for the celebrated parametric measure of productive efficiency that he published in 1957.

## Biography

Mike Farrell was born in Swindon, England, in 1926. He was the son of Richard J. Farrell, OBE, an engineer for the Crown Agents for Overseas Governments and Administrations, and Margaret E. Deane. In 1934, his family moved to Sheffield, England, and in 1936 he entered King Edward VII School, Sheffield. In 1944 he won a scholarship to New College, Oxford.

He travelled to the US in 1951. While in the USA he met Margaret Bacon, later a psychologist and psychotherapist, daughter of Ernst Bacon, whom he married in 1952. He returned to Cambridge with Margaret in 1953. They had five sons.

In 1957, he contracted poliomyelitis. He spent most of a year in the hospital, never recovering fully. Being an avid tennis player and “rambler,” the lasting effects of polio were severely limiting. Despite a dire initial prognosis that he would never walk again, through his determination, he eventually did walk, often unaided.

He died in Cambridge on 27 October 1975, aged 49.

## Career

He won an open scholarship worth £100 a year in mathematics to New College, Oxford. After his first year at Oxford, he served two years of National Service at the Statistics Division of the Board of Trade, after which he returned to Oxford and changed his studies to PPE. Upon graduating from Oxford in 1949 he moved to Cambridge to the Cambridge University department of applied economics, led by Richard Stone.

From 1951 to 1953, he was a Commonwealth Fund fellow, and spent two years with the Cowles Commission for Research in Economics, in Chicago.

He was made assistant lecturer in the faculty of economics and politics at Cambridge in 1953, lecturer in 1956, and reader in 1970. In 1958 he became a fellow of Gonville and Caius College, and he was college lecturer in economics from 1960 to 1968 and director of studies in economics and College Registrar until his death. He spent sabbatical leaves at Yale University, Carnegie Mellon University, and University of California, Berkeley, as well as at Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE) in Leuven (also known as Louvain), Belgium.

In 1962 he was elected a fellow of the Econometric Society. He edited the Journal of Industrial Economics and was a joint managing editor of the Review of Economic Studies from 1965 to 1968. In 1969, applying for the post of Director of the Department of Applied Economics at Cambridge, Farrell wrote:

“My primary interest in economics has been in the quantification of economic theory and in relating it to empirical data. This has often led me to use econometric and other mathematical techniques… But my interest in making inferences from empirical evidence is in no way confined to situations where sophisticated mathematical techniques are applicable. …”

His influences included Philip Andrews, the author of Manufacturing Business, and D. G. Champernowne. He influenced notable economists, including Joseph E. Stiglitz and Richard Jolly.

In addition to The Measurement of Production Efficiency, his papers include a pamphlet “Fuller Employment?” (1965) and a theoretical discussion in Economica (1966) of the question whether destabilizing speculation can be profitable.

According to Dr Lucy Joan Slater, Farrell was the first person to use the Electronic delay storage automatic calculator (EDSAC) I and to program regression analysis. Dr. Slater reported years later “Professor Kaldor (Nicholas Kaldor) said that Mike had infected the economics faculty with numeracy!”

## Farrell efficiency

Leaving aside religious economic debates about whether productive inefficiency can exist, previous attempts to measure it largely fell into two classes. Labor productivity, one popular measure, is simply output divided by labor input. Clearly this raises the question of whether differences in labor productivity are explained by differences in other inputs; it also suggests that one could equally measure capital productivity, or paperclip productivity. One response to this is to fit a parameterized production function, but the results may depend sensitively on the functional form assumed. Farrell's solution was to deem an input-output vector inefficient only to the extent that it is Pareto-dominated by a convex combination of other observed input-output vectors. This amounts to approximating the feasible production set by the convex hull of observed input-output combinations.

This work (Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 1957) has been very influential and exceptionally highly (and durably) cited. As of late 2015, Google Scholar estimates a total of over 14,300 citations for the article, 6,610 of them within the past five years.

## Sources

* M. R. Fisher, “The economic contributions of Michael James Farrell', Review of Economic Studies, 43/3 (Oct 1976), 371-82
* M. R. Fisher., Cambridge Review (21 Nov 1975), 47-8
* W. J. M., The Caian (1975-6), 63-5
* J. v. R. Farrell

## Bibliography

* Farrell, M. J., “The Measurement of Productive Efficiency.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Vol. A 120 (1957), pp. 253–290.
* Farrell, M. J., "The Convexity Assumption in the Theory of Competitive Markets." Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 67, No. 4 (Aug., 1959), pp. 377–391
* Farrell, M. J., "Book Review: Demand for Automobiles in the United States: A Study in Consumer Durables Gregory C. Chow." Journal of Political Economy 67.3 (1959): 313
* Farrell, M. J., and M Fieldhouse, "Estimating efficient production functions under increasing returns to scale." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (1962) 125 pp. 252–267
* Farrell, M. J., "Fuller employment?" London, Institute of Economic Affairs (1965) Hobart papers; no.34
* Farrell, M. J., "The Magnitude of 'Rate-of-Growth' Effects on Aggregate Savings." The Economic Journal Vol. 80, No. 320 (Dec., 1970), pp. 873–894
* Farrell, M. J., "Some Elementary Selection Processes in Economics." The Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 37, No. 3 (Jul., 1970), pp. 305–319
* Farrell, M. J., (Editor) "Readings in Welfare Economics Paperback." MacMillan, London, April, 1973
* Farrell, M. J., “Liberalism in the Theory of Social Choice,” Review of Economic Studies, 43 (1976), 3-10

## InfoBox

| Michael James Farrell | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1926-05-09)9 May 1926
Swindon, England, UK |
| Died | 27 October 1975(1975-10-27) (aged 49)
Cambridge, England, UK |
| Nationality | British |
|  | |
| Academic career | |
| Influences | Philip Andrews, D. G. Champernowne |
|  | |


title: Väne-Åsaka

abstract: Väne-Åsaka is a locality situated in Trollhättan Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden with 292 inhabitants in 2010. It locally known as Åsaka. Väne is name of the old hundred, added to the name by authorities in 1885 to tell this place and four other Åsaka in Västra Götaland apart.

text:
# Väne-Åsaka

**Väne-Åsaka** is a locality situated in Trollhättan Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden with 292 inhabitants in 2010. It locally known as Åsaka. Väne is name of the old hundred, added to the name by authorities in 1885 to tell this place and four other Åsaka in Västra Götaland apart.

## History

The church, around which the settlement is situated, has details from the 1100s. The baptismal font is from the Middle Ages.

In the 1950s, Rolf Mellde - an engineer and car designer for Saab - began constructing prototypes for a lightweight roadster racing car in a barn in Väne-Åsaka. This prototype became the Saab Sonett I. After a secretive development period the car was revealed at the Stockholm Bilsalong in 1954.

## InfoBox

| Väne-Åsaka | |
| --- | --- |
| Väne-Åsaka church | |
| Väne-ÅsakaVäne-Åsaka | |
| Coordinates: 58°15′N 12°25′E / 58.250°N 12.417°E / 58.250; 12.417 | |
| Country | Sweden |
| Province | Västergötland |
| County | Västra Götaland County |
| Municipality | Trollhättan Municipality |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.48 km2 (0.19 sq mi) |
| Population (31 December 2010) | |
| Total | 292 |
| Density | 613/km2 (1,590/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Plaza Blanca Historic District

abstract: The Plaza Blanca Historic District, in Plaza Blanca, New Mexico, is a 19 acres (7.7 ha) historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. The listing included 17 contributing buildings. The district includes 12 houses and six of their outbuildings, and includes, roughly Plaza Blanca and Old Puente Ford Roads adjacent to Plaza Blanca Ditch. It also includes a church or capilla which is a converted school.

text:
# Plaza Blanca Historic District

The **Plaza Blanca Historic District**, in Plaza Blanca, New Mexico, is a 19 acres (7.7 ha) historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. The listing included 17 contributing buildings.

The district includes 12 houses and six of their outbuildings, and includes, roughly Plaza Blanca and Old Puente Ford Roads adjacent to Plaza Blanca Ditch. It also includes a church or capilla which is a converted school.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Plaza Blanca Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Roughly Plaza Blanca and Old Puente Ford Rds. adjacent to Plaza Blanca Ditch, Plaza Blanca, New Mexico |
| Coordinates | 36°42′15″N 106°36′32″W / 36.70417°N 106.60889°W / 36.70417; -106.60889 |
| Area | 19 acres (7.7 ha) |
| Built | 1880 |
| Architectural style | New Mexico Vernacular |
| MPS | La Tierra Amarilla MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 86002322 |
| Added to NRHP | September 29, 1986 |


title: Martha Cranmer Oliver

abstract: Martha Cranmer Oliver, also known as Pattie Oliver or M. Oliver, was an English actress and theatre manager. Beginning as a child actor near her home in Salisbury, Oliver was performing in London by age 13. She played in major theatre companies in the West End, including those of Madame Vestris and J. B. Buckstone. She was the leading comic actress at the Strand Theatre for several seasons in the late 1850s. She also played Mary Meredith in the hit play Our American Cousin at the Haymarket Theatre, among other engagements. In March 1866, Oliver became manager of the New Royalty Theatre, often taking leading roles. In November 1866, she produced F. C. Burnand's burlesque on Black-eyed Susan. The piece was an enormous hit, playing for nearly 500 nights at the theatre, with Oliver starring in the title role. She was also known for helping members of her profession. She gave up management in 1870, acting in New York for a time with Lydia Thompson's troupe, but soon retired from the stage.

text:
# Martha Cranmer Oliver

**Martha Cranmer Oliver** (1834 – 20 December 1880), also known as **Pattie Oliver** or **M. Oliver**, was an English actress and theatre manager.

Beginning as a child actor near her home in Salisbury, Oliver was performing in London by age 13. She played in major theatre companies in the West End, including those of Madame Vestris and J. B. Buckstone. She was the leading comic actress at the Strand Theatre for several seasons in the late 1850s. She also played Mary Meredith in the hit play *Our American Cousin* at the Haymarket Theatre, among other engagements.

In March 1866, Oliver became manager of the New Royalty Theatre, often taking leading roles. In November 1866, she produced F. C. Burnand's burlesque on *Black-eyed Susan*. The piece was an enormous hit, playing for nearly 500 nights at the theatre, with Oliver starring in the title role. She was also known for helping members of her profession. She gave up management in 1870, acting in New York for a time with Lydia Thompson's troupe, but soon retired from the stage.

## Early life and career

Oliver was born at Salisbury, the daughter of Ann Oliver and John Cranmer Penson, an actor manager in Salisbury. Her sister was Frances Cranmer Oliver who married the actor Frederick Hastings Bullen. She first appeared on stage in Salisbury when only six years old. Here and at Southampton her performances of children's parts attracted attention, until in 1847 she made her London début at the Marylebone Theatre.

Her early success gained her an engagement with Madame Vestris at the Lyceum Theatre, London, which lasted from 1849 to 1855. In 1855 she went to Drury Lane, where she soon played Matilda in *Married for Money*, and, in 1856, Celia in *As You Like It*. In the same year, her performance of Helen in the *Hunchback* won such praise from the critics that J. B. Buckstone offered her an engagement at the Haymarket Theatre. There she was seen in Francis Talfourd's burlesque of *Atalanta* in 1857.

Accepting an offer from Miss Swanborough, she became the leading actress in comedy and burlesque at the Strand Theatre for several seasons. in 1858 she acted Amy Robsart in the burlesque of *Ye Queen, ye Earl, and ye Maiden*; in 1859 she was Pauline in H. J. Byron's burlesque, the *Lady of Lyons* and Lisetta in Talfourd's burlesque *Tell and the Strike of the Cantons*; and in 1860, she played the Prince in Byron's burlesque of *Cinderella*. At the Haymarket, in 1861, she was Mary Meredith in *Our American Cousin*, on Edward Askew Sothern's first appearance as Lord Dundreary in London. In 1863 she was at the Princess's Theatre, where she took the title rôle in Byron's burlesque, *Beautiful Haidee*.

## Royalty Theatre and later years

On 31 March 1866, she became manager of the New Royalty Theatre and opened with a revival of *The Ticket-of-Leave Man*, and Robert Reece's burlesque, *Ulf the Minstrel*. In a clever and successful piece by H. T. Craven, entitled *Meg's Diversion*, later that year, she acted the title part, the author played Jasper Pidgeon, and F. Dewar played Roland. On 29 November 1866 she put on the stage F. C. Burnand's burlesque, *The Latest Edition of Black-eyed Susan, or, the Little Bill that was taken up*. The piece, although it failed to please the critics, had an unprecedented run, and on its performance at the Royalty on 23 September 1868, it was said that Miss Oliver had repeated the song *Pretty See-usan, don't say no*, no less than 1775 times. During the run of this burlesque she produced as a first piece Andrew Halliday's drama, *Daddy Gray*, February 1868, and, later that year, a serio-comic drama by the same author, entitled *The Loving Cup*. Among other pieces, W. S. Gilbert's one-act farce, *Highly Improbable* played in 1867, and his burlesque, *The Merry Zingara*, played in 1869. The last night of Miss Oliver's lesseeship was 30 April 1870, when a revival of *Black-eyed Susan* was given for the 490th time. *The Era* reported that, soon thereafter, Oliver was in New York with Lydia Thompson's troupe, along with Marie Wilton.

After this period, however, she was seldom seen on the stage. She was a very pleasing actress and singer, and a general favourite with the public. *The Era* described the "refined vivacity and sparkling brightness" of her portrayals, her kindness, and her popularity among members of the theatrical profession. She generously advised young, and supported aged and unfortunate, actors. Oliver married, by license at the registry office, Marylebone, on 26 December 1876, William Charles Phillips, auctioneer, aged 31, son of William Phillips, auctioneer, of Bond Street, London.

## Death

Oliver died of cancer at St. John's Wood, London, in 1880, aged 46.

* This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Oliver, Martha Cranmer". *Dictionary of National Biography*. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.


title: MusicRow

abstract: MusicRow is a Nashville music industry trade publication. The publication delivers online content in addition to six annual print magazines including its InCharge, Artist Roster and Publisher directories. MusicRow Enterprises is also home to song pitch-sheet RowFax, and the MusicRow radio chart.

text:
# MusicRow

***MusicRow*** is a Nashville music industry trade publication. The publication delivers online content in addition to six annual print magazines including its InCharge, Artist Roster and Publisher directories. MusicRow Enterprises is also home to song pitch-sheet *RowFax*, and the *MusicRow* radio chart.

## *MusicRow* magazine history

David M. Ross founded the enterprise in Nashville beginning April 1981 as a one-page directory and fostered its growth for almost three decades. The publication was acquired from Ross in 2008 by SouthComm Communications. In 2010, Sherod Robertson acquired the enterprise and is currently its publisher.

## *RowFax*

*RowFax* began in 1992, sending out breaking news, song pitch lists and industry news each Friday by fax machine. Today, the service digitally distributes weekly information about current recording projects searching for songs to record. The service is used primarily by professional music publishers, songwriters, producers, artists, and A&R executives. Each entry contains artist, label, producer, recording schedule, project description and contact details when available. The publication is not involved in pitching, reviewing, listening to or owning songs.

## *MusicRow* chart

The *MusicRow* Country Breakout Chart is published each week, with spin-based measurement used to determine single rankings. Primarily, the chart is focused on exposing new music played on secondary market radio stations. The annual *MusicRow* Chart Airplay Awards are presented to those who accrued the most total spins in categories: Artist of the Year, Label of the Year, Breakout Artist of the Year, and Independent Artist of the Year.

## Events and awards

*MusicRow* hosts its *MusicRow* Country Breakout Awards during the Annual Country Radio Seminar in Nashville recognizing the highest number of spins artists or labels receive from chart reporting stations throughout the year. In addition, the enterprise hosts its annual *MusicRow* Awards honoring the Top Ten Album All-Star Musicians, determined by album credits, and the reader-voted awards Breakthrough Artist, Breakthrough Songwriter, Song of the Year and Producer of the Year. In 2012, Robertson introduced the Rising Women on the Row event to salute up-and-coming women who have made substantial contributions to the Nashville music industry early in their careers.

## InfoBox

*MusicRow*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | Bi-monthly |
| Publisher | Sherod Robertson |
| Founded | 1981 |
| Country | United States |
| Based in | Nashville, Tennessee |
| Language | English |
| Website | musicrow.com |


title: Mikko Saarinen

abstract: Mikko Saarinen was a Finnish boxer. He competed in the men's light middleweight event at the 1972 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Mikko Saarinen

**Mikko Saarinen** (4 April 1946  29 December 2022) was a Finnish boxer. He competed in the men's light middleweight event at the 1972 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

Mikko Saarinen
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Finnish |
| Born | (1946-04-04)4 April 1946<br>Salo, Finland |
| Died | 29 December 2022(2022-12-29) (aged 76) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Boxing |


title: Martin Perlich

abstract: Martin Perlich is an American broadcaster and writer. He attended Western Reserve Academy in Hudson, Ohio and Columbia University where he studied music history with composer Douglas Moore. After a one-off 1965 interview with Leonard Bernstein for WCLV in Cleveland he went on to become the first Intermission Host of the syndicated Cleveland Orchestra radio broadcasts, working closely with Musical Director George Szell. During his seven years as host, he interviewed hundreds of musicians, including Aaron Copland, Darius Milhaud, Arthur Fiedler, Robert Shaw, and Isaac Stern. While employed as the Buyer for local record chain, Disc Records, late 1966 Perlich debuted the Perlich Project on WCLV, a mixture of classical music with early selections of progressive rock, poetry, radical comedy and jazz, along with Perlich's own personal comments and editorials on events of the day. His show was one of the earliest such shows on commercial radio and a model for the progressive rock medium. Perlich later moved his program to noted Cleveland rock station WMMS during its early, pre-Buzzard days as a progressive rock outlet. In 1972, Perlich joined the staff of Los Angeles progressive rock station KMET – formerly a WMMS sister station – where he hosted Electric Tongue, a weekly interview show featuring major rock and arts figures. In 1975 Perlich became Creative Consultant of NBC-TV's weekly 90-minute show The Midnight Special, responsible for the acclaimed "Salute" segment, a regular documentary featuring artists including Jerry Lee Lewis, Aretha Franklin, Stevie Wonder, Loretta Lynn and others, in addition to writing, rehearsing and assisting with editing the show. Beginning at KFAC in Los Angeles in 1988 his interview show Martin Perlich Interviews won the New York International Radio Festival for two consecutive years and was syndicated nationally by WCLV/Seaway productions. Particularly notable are his eight Frank Zappa interviews, along with Lawrence Ferlinghetti, R. Crumb, Dexter Gordon, Jackson Browne, Pierre Boulez, Tom Waits, Lou Reed, Bill Evans, John McLaughlin, Judy Collins, and Roy Orbison. From 2000–2008 Martin served as Program Director of non-commercial KCSN, named "Best of LA" by Los Angeles magazine in 2006. In addition Perlich hosted a daily classical and new music show, as well as a live daily arts interview show "ARF!!" featuring Steve Reich, Murray Mednick, Terry Riley, Sandra Tsing Loh, Stacy Keach, and others in a seven-year run. In 2010, Perlich's interview archive was acquired by University of California, Los Angeles which intends to make available all recorded interviews, as well as personal memorabilia and papers. Debuting in 2010 will be a new series of video interviews with New Music artists, including Elliott Carter, Zakir Hussain, David Harrington. His books include The Art of the Interview, The Wild Times, The Self-Pity Chronicles. Perlich was honored by the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998 for his contributions to rock radio. A copy of his public TV documentary Citizen Artist is in the Smithsonian permanent collection (2007). As an actor, he has worked with director Norman Corwin and with Jeff von der Schmidt and Southwest Chamber Music in Samuel Beckett's Cascando at Zipper Hall in Los Angeles. Perlich lives in West Hollywood, California. Martin Perlich is the father of character actor Max Perlich, KKJZ host Miles Perlich and writer Neil Perlich-Porter.

text:
# Martin Perlich

**Martin Perlich** (born 1937 in Cleveland, Ohio) is an American broadcaster and writer. He attended Western Reserve Academy in Hudson, Ohio and Columbia University where he studied music history with composer Douglas Moore.

After a one-off 1965 interview with Leonard Bernstein for WCLV (95.5 FM) in Cleveland he went on to become the first Intermission Host of the syndicated Cleveland Orchestra radio broadcasts, working closely with Musical Director George Szell. During his seven years as host, he interviewed hundreds of musicians, including Aaron Copland, Darius Milhaud, Arthur Fiedler, Robert Shaw, and Isaac Stern.

While employed as the Buyer for local record chain, Disc Records, late 1966 Perlich debuted the *Perlich Project* on WCLV (95.5 FM), a mixture of classical music with early selections of progressive rock, poetry, radical comedy and jazz, along with Perlich's own personal comments and editorials on events of the day. His show was one of the earliest such shows on commercial radio and a model for the progressive rock medium. Perlich later moved his program to noted Cleveland rock station WMMS (100.7 FM) during its early, pre-Buzzard days as a progressive rock outlet.

In 1972, Perlich joined the staff of Los Angeles progressive rock station KMET – formerly a WMMS sister station (prior to Perlich's move, both stations were owned by Metromedia) – where he hosted *Electric Tongue*, a weekly interview show featuring major rock and arts figures. In 1975 Perlich became Creative Consultant of NBC-TV's weekly 90-minute show *The Midnight Special*, responsible for the acclaimed "Salute" segment, a regular documentary featuring artists including Jerry Lee Lewis, Aretha Franklin, Stevie Wonder, Loretta Lynn and others, in addition to writing, rehearsing and assisting with editing the show.

Beginning at KFAC in Los Angeles in 1988 his interview show *Martin Perlich Interviews* won the New York International Radio Festival for two consecutive years and was syndicated nationally by WCLV (95.5 FM)/Seaway productions.

Particularly notable are his eight Frank Zappa interviews, along with Lawrence Ferlinghetti, R. Crumb, Dexter Gordon, Jackson Browne, Pierre Boulez, Tom Waits, Lou Reed, Bill Evans, John McLaughlin, Judy Collins, and Roy Orbison.

From 2000–2008 Martin served as Program Director of non-commercial KCSN, named "Best of LA" by *Los Angeles* magazine in 2006. In addition Perlich hosted a daily classical and new music show, as well as a live daily arts interview show *"ARF!!" (ARTS & ROOTS FORUM)* featuring Steve Reich, Murray Mednick, Terry Riley, Sandra Tsing Loh, Stacy Keach, and others in a seven-year run.

In 2010, Perlich's interview archive was acquired by University of California, Los Angeles which intends to make available all recorded interviews, as well as personal memorabilia and papers. Debuting in 2010 will be a new series of video interviews with New Music artists, including Elliott Carter, Zakir Hussain, David Harrington.

His books include *The Art of the Interview* (2007, Silman-James Press), *The Wild Times* (2006, Empty Press), *The Self-Pity Chronicles* (2011, Empty Press).

Perlich was honored by the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998 for his contributions to rock radio. A copy of his public TV documentary *Citizen Artist* is in the Smithsonian permanent collection (2007). As an actor, he has worked with director Norman Corwin and with Jeff von der Schmidt and Southwest Chamber Music in Samuel Beckett's Cascando at Zipper Hall in Los Angeles.

Perlich lives in West Hollywood, California.

Martin Perlich is the father of character actor Max Perlich, KKJZ host Miles Perlich and writer Neil Perlich-Porter.


title: Michael Egan (Irish politician)

abstract: Michael Egan was an Irish trade unionist and politician. A coach-builder by trade, his public career started when he was comparatively young, and he became an advocate of the workers of Cork and a driving force in establishing and maintaining trade unionism in the city — often against strong opposition. For several years he was chairman of the Cork Workers Council, and was vice-president and then president of the Cork United Trades from 1904 to 1907, and again in 1913. In 1908 he was elected to the Cork Corporation, and was active locally on the portfolios of Law, Finance, and Public Works. He was a member of the National Executive of the Irish Trade Union Congress and Labour Party, and represented the labour movement on the Anti-Conscription Committee which sat in Dublin during World War I with fellow members Éamon de Valera, Arthur Griffith and John Dillon. Following the resignation of his colleague Alfred O'Rahilly, Egan was elected at a by-election in 1924 to Dáil Éireann as a Cumann na nGaedheal Teachta Dála (TD), sitting for the remainder of the 4th Dáil. He was not re-elected at the June 1927 general election. He continued his involvement however in Irish politics and was president of the Cork branch of Cumann na nGaedheal from 1928 to 1930. Active in public life in Cork into later years, he was a member of the Cork Harbour Board, and Cork Vocational Education Committee. Michael Egan married Annie Brennan in 1899, and had four children. He died in the North Infirmary Cork, in March 1947 aged 81.

text:
# Michael Egan (Irish politician)

**Michael Egan** (28 February 1866 – 3 March 1947) was an Irish trade unionist and politician.

A coach-builder by trade, his public career started when he was comparatively young, and he became an advocate of the workers of Cork and a driving force in establishing and maintaining trade unionism in the city  often against strong opposition. For several years he was chairman of the Cork Workers Council, and was vice-president and then president of the Cork United Trades from 1904 to 1907, and again in 1913.

In 1908 he was elected to the Cork Corporation, and was active locally on the portfolios of Law, Finance, and Public Works.

He was a member of the National Executive of the Irish Trade Union Congress and Labour Party, and represented the labour movement on the Anti-Conscription Committee which sat in Dublin during World War I with fellow members Éamon de Valera, Arthur Griffith and John Dillon.

Following the resignation of his colleague Alfred O'Rahilly, Egan was elected at a by-election in 1924 to Dáil Éireann as a Cumann na nGaedheal Teachta Dála (TD), sitting for the remainder of the 4th Dáil. He was not re-elected at the June 1927 general election.

He continued his involvement however in Irish politics and was president of the Cork branch of Cumann na nGaedheal from 1928 to 1930. Active in public life in Cork into later years, he was a member of the Cork Harbour Board, and Cork Vocational Education Committee.

Michael Egan married Annie Brennan in 1899, and had four children. He died in the North Infirmary Cork, in March 1947 aged 81.

## InfoBox

| Michael Egan | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Teachta Dála | |
| **In office**
November 1924  June 1927 | |
| Constituency | Cork Borough |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1866-02-28)28 February 1866
Cork, Ireland |
| Died | 3 March 1947(1947-03-03) (aged 81)
Cork, Ireland |
| Political party | Cumann na nGaedheal |
| Spouse | Annie Brennan |
| Children | 4 |
| Occupation | * Trade unionist * Politician |
|  | |


title: WCPL-LP

abstract: WCPL-LP is a radio station broadcasting a religious radio format. Licensed in Merritt Island, Florida, United States, the station serves the Melbourne, Florida, area. The station is currently owned by First Baptist Church of Merritt Island. As of October, 2011, Mr. David Crawford is the station manager.

text:
# WCPL-LP

**WCPL-LP** (95.5 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a religious radio format. Licensed in Merritt Island, Florida, United States, the station serves the Melbourne, Florida, area. The station is currently owned by First Baptist Church of Merritt Island. As of October, 2011, Mr. David Crawford is the station manager.

## InfoBox

WCPL-LP
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Melbourne, Florida |
| Frequency | 95.5 MHz |
| Programming | |
| Format | Contemporary Christian |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | First Baptist Church of Merritt Island |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 133184 |
| Class | L1 |
| ERP | 100 watts |
| HAAT | 28.0 meters |
| Transmitter coordinates | 28°21′21.00″N 80°42′8.00″W / 28.3558333°N 80.7022222°W / 28.3558333; -80.7022222 |
| Links | |
| Public license information | LMS |
| Website | wcplfm.com |


title: Plaza Baquedano

abstract: Plaza Baquedano, commonly known as Plaza Italia, is a major landmark in Santiago, Chile. The plaza was inaugurated in 1928, being crowned by a monument made by Chilean sculptor Virgínio Arias and featuring General Manuel Baquedano, giving the current name to the urban landmark. It is located where formerly the Mapocho River used to fork. The oval-shaped plaza is the focal point of celebrations and riots in the city. The area also serves as a hub for Santiago's street network. Some of the main streets of Santiago intersect in the area, including Providencia Avenue, Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins Avenue and Vicuña Mackenna Avenue. A tunnel entrance to the Costanera Norte Highway is close to Plaza Baquedano. Parque Forestal, Balmaceda Park and Bustamante Park converge here.

text:
# Plaza Baquedano

**Plaza Baquedano**, commonly known as **Plaza Italia**, is a major landmark in Santiago, Chile.

The plaza was inaugurated in 1928, being crowned by a monument made by Chilean sculptor Virgínio Arias and featuring General Manuel Baquedano, giving the current name to the urban landmark. It is located where formerly the Mapocho River used to fork. The oval-shaped plaza is the focal point of celebrations and riots in the city. The area also serves as a hub for Santiago's street network. Some of the main streets of Santiago intersect in the area, including Providencia Avenue, Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins Avenue (best known as **Alameda**) and Vicuña Mackenna Avenue. A tunnel entrance to the Costanera Norte Highway is close to Plaza Baquedano. Parque Forestal, Balmaceda Park and Bustamante Park converge here.

## History

It was established in 1875 as **Plaza La Serena** and adopted its current name in 1928 to honor Manuel Baquedano. It was originally a traffic circle but its geometric design and functionality have changed since then.

Baquedano metro station is named after Plaza Baquedano.

In the context of the 2019–2021 protests, the protesters dubbed the square as **Plaza de la Dignidad** (Dignity Square). On March 12, 2021, the four-ton statue of General Baquedano was removed to be restored by the National Council of Monuments, after continuous acts of vandalism by protesters. Attempts to burn and tear down the statue were made on March 5 and 8 respectively, ultimately prompting the authorities to make the decision.

33°26′13.20″S 70°38′3.88″W / 33.4370000°S 70.6344111°W / -33.4370000; -70.6344111


title: Mary Jeanne Hallstrom

abstract: Mary Jeanne "Dolly" Hallstrom was an American nurse and politician. Born in East Orange, New Jersey, Hallstrom went to Loyola University Chicago and had nursing training at St. Mary's Hospital in Evanston, Illinois. Hallstrom served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1979 to 1983 and was a Republican. She then served on the Illinois Human Rights Commission. Hallstrom died in Evanston, Illinois.

text:
# Mary Jeanne Hallstrom

**Mary Jeanne "Dolly" Hallstrom** (December 26, 1924  August 2, 2006) was an American nurse and politician.

Born in East Orange, New Jersey, Hallstrom went to Loyola University Chicago and had nursing training at St. Mary's Hospital in Evanston, Illinois. Hallstrom served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1979 to 1983 and was a Republican. She then served on the Illinois Human Rights Commission. Hallstrom died in Evanston, Illinois.


title: Xanthophyllum ceraceifolium

abstract: Xanthophyllum ceraceifolium is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ceraceifolium means 'waxy leaf', referring to the appearance of the leaves.

text:
# Xanthophyllum ceraceifolium

***Xanthophyllum ceraceifolium*** is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet **ceraceifolium** means 'waxy leaf', referring to the appearance of the leaves.

## Description

*Xanthophyllum ceraceifolium* grows up to 16 metres (50 ft) tall with a trunk diameter of up to 16 centimetres (6 in). The bark is greyish brown. The flowers are yellowish, drying to dark red.

## Distribution and habitat

*Xanthophyllum ceraceifolium* is endemic to Borneo. It is confined to Semengoh Nature Reserve in Sarawak and the population size is estimated at less than 200 trees. Its habitat is lowland mixed dipterocarp forests at altitudes of 50–100 metres (200–300 ft).

## InfoBox

| *Xanthophyllum ceraceifolium* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Critically Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Polygalaceae |
| Genus: | *Xanthophyllum* |
| Species: | ***X. ceraceifolium*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Xanthophyllum ceraceifolium***
Meijden | |
|


title: Mikhail Tatarinov

abstract: Mikhail Vladimirovich Tatarinov is a retired Russian ice hockey defenceman. A top offensive-minded defenceman for many years in the Soviet Union, Tatarinov was selected in the 1984 NHL Entry Draft by the Washington Capitals, however, it was another six years before he finally had a chance to play in the National Hockey League. He won the gold medal in the World Junior Championships in 1984 and 1986, and he played for many years with Moscow Dynamo. He was also part of the Soviet team that took on the NHL All-Stars in Rendez-vous '87. In 1990 he was voted on to the all-star team and was also named best defenceman of the tournament after helping the USSR win the gold medal at the World Championships. In 1990, Tatarinov finally was able to come over to North America to play for the Capitals, and became the first young Soviet player to play in the NHL without defecting. He played one season with the Capitals before he was traded to the Quebec Nordiques, and had a very good season on a very bad Nordiques team in the 91–92. His second season with Quebec was limited by injuries. Tatarinov signed with the Boston Bruins prior to the 1993–94 NHL season, and played in just two games for the Bruins before injuries forced him to retire. He later struggled with alcoholism and spent time in jail for murder after his career ended.

text:
# Mikhail Tatarinov

**Mikhail Vladimirovich Tatarinov** (Михаил Владимирович Татаринов; born July 16, 1966, in Angarsk, Soviet Union) is a retired Russian ice hockey defenceman.

A top offensive-minded defenceman for many years in the Soviet Union, Tatarinov was selected in the 1984 NHL Entry Draft by the Washington Capitals, however, it was another six years before he finally had a chance to play in the National Hockey League. He won the gold medal in the World Junior Championships in 1984 and 1986, and he played for many years with Moscow Dynamo. He was also part of the Soviet team that took on the NHL All-Stars in Rendez-vous '87. In 1990 he was voted on to the all-star team and was also named best defenceman of the tournament after helping the USSR win the gold medal at the World Championships.

In 1990, Tatarinov finally was able to come over to North America to play for the Capitals, and became the first young Soviet player to play in the NHL without defecting. He played one season with the Capitals before he was traded to the Quebec Nordiques, and had a very good season on a very bad Nordiques team in the 91–92. His second season with Quebec was limited by injuries. Tatarinov signed with the Boston Bruins prior to the 1993–94 NHL season, and played in just two games for the Bruins before injuries forced him to retire. He later struggled with alcoholism and spent time in jail for murder after his career ended.

## Career statistics

### Regular season and playoffs

|  | | |  | Regular season | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP |  |  | Pts | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1983–84 | Sokil Kiev | USSR | | 38 | 7 | 3 | 10 | 48 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1984–85 | Sokil Kiev | USSR | | 34 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 54 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1985–86 | Sokil Kiev | USSR | | 37 | 7 | 5 | 12 | 41 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1986–87 | Dynamo Moscow | USSR | | 40 | 10 | 8 | 18 | 43 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1987–88 | Dynamo Moscow | USSR | | 30 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1988–89 | Dynamo Moscow | USSR | | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1989–90 | Dynamo Moscow | USSR | | 44 | 11 | 10 | 21 | 34 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1990–91 | Dynamo Moscow | USSR | | 11 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 6 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1990–91 | Washington Capitals | NHL | | 65 | 8 | 15 | 23 | 82 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1991–92 | Quebec Nordiques | NHL | | 66 | 11 | 27 | 38 | 72 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1992–93 | Quebec Nordiques | NHL | | 28 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 28 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1993–94 | Boston Bruins | NHL | | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1993–94 | Providence Bruins | AHL | | 3 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| USSR totals | | | | 238 | 46 | 38 | 84 | 236 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| NHL totals | | | | 161 | 21 | 48 | 69 | 184 | |  |  |  |  |  |

### International

| Year | Team | Event |  | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1984 | Soviet Union | EJC | | 5 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 18 |
| 1984 | Soviet Union | WJC | | 7 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| 1985 | Soviet Union | WJC | | 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 |
| 1986 | Soviet Union | WJC | | 7 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 16 |
| 1990 | Soviet Union | WC | | 10 | 3 | 8 | 11 | 20 |
| 1991 | Soviet Union | CC | | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 17 |
| Junior totals | | | | 24 | 6 | 10 | 16 | 40 |
| Senior totals | | | | 15 | 3 | 9 | 12 | 37 |

## InfoBox

| Mikhail Tatarinov | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born | (1966-07-16) July 16, 1966
Angarsk, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union | | |
| Height | 5 ft 10 in (178 cm) | | |
| Weight | 195 lb (88 kg; 13 st 13 lb) | | |
| Position | Defence | | |
| Shot | Left | | |
| Played for | Sokil Kyiv
Dynamo Moscow
Washington Capitals
Quebec Nordiques
Boston Bruins | | |
| National team | Soviet Union | | |
| NHL draft | 225th overall, 1984
Washington Capitals | | |
| Playing career | 19831993 | | |


title: 1919 in Wales

abstract: This article is about the particular significance of the year 1919 to Wales and its people.

text:
# 1919 in Wales

This article is about the particular significance of the year **1919** to Wales and its people.

## Incumbents

## Events

## Arts and literature

### Awards

### New books

### Music

* The Final and Interim Reports of the Adult Education Committee of the Ministry of Reconstruction, 1918-1919 notes that "The population of both industrial and rural Wales offers the finest possible material for musical culture, though up to the present such culture has been confined within somewhat narrow limits."

### Film

* Ivor Novello appears in his first film: *The Call of the Blood*.

## Sport

## Births

## Deaths

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Centuries: |  |
| Decades: |  |
| See also: | List of years in Wales<br>Timeline of Welsh history 1919 in The United Kingdom  Scotland Elsewhere |


title: Louis Couperus Museum

abstract: The Louis Couperus Museum is a museum located in the Archipelbuurt neighbourhood of The Hague. The museum celebrates the life and work of the Belle Époque writer Louis Couperus.

text:
# Louis Couperus Museum

52°9′28″N 4°18′28″E / 52.15778°N 4.30778°E / 52.15778; 4.30778 The **Louis Couperus Museum** is a museum located in the Archipelbuurt neighbourhood of The Hague. The museum celebrates the life and work of the Belle Époque writer Louis Couperus.

## Location

The museum was founded in 1996 by Caroline de Westenholz, step daughter of Albert Vogel jr. (1924-1982), a biographer of Couperus, and housed in his former art gallery. The museum, which is located at Javastraat 17, is within walking distance of a number of addresses where Louis Couperus has lived himself, including:

* Mauritskade, where Couperus was born in 1863.
* Nassauplein 4, which served as the residence of the Couperus family from 1878 to 1893. It was here that Couperus wrote the poems that would form part of his debut anthology **Een lent van vaerzen**.
* Surinamestraat 20, where Couperus' wrote his debut novel, Eline Vere. Later this was the home of writer, lawyer and politician Conrad Theodor van Deventer. It was the intention to move the Louis Couperus Museum to this place but because the Foundation Couperushuis Surinamestraat could not raise enough funds to buy the house, it is still for sale. Permission to place a commemorative plaque on the house was not granted.

## The museum

The museum houses various objects related to Couperus, such as manuscripts and personal belongings. The rooms are stylistically designed to give the impression of how the residence would have appeared in Couperus' day and age. It features Couperus' desk, and a portrait of his father, John Ricus Couperus. Twice a year the museum organises exhibitions on themes concerning Couperus' work or life. In addition to the themed exhibitions, the museum organises walking-tours along places of significance to Couperus and his work, such as the houses where characters from his novels lived.

Couperus' desk, manuscripts and personal letters form part of the collection of the Letterkundig Museum. Other items, such as Couperus' collected publications and a life-sized mannequin of Couperus, belong to the collection of the museum itself.

* John Sillevis and Caroline de Westenholz, *Louis Couperus Museum 1996-2001. Een uitgave van het Louis Couperus Museum ter gelegenheid van het vijfjarig bestaan op 10 juni 2001*. Den Haag, 2001
* *Louis Couperus Museum 1996-2006. Een uitgave van het Louis Couperus Museum ter gelegenheid van het tienjarig bestaan op 10 juni 1906*. Den Haag, 2006
* Louis Couperus Museum

## InfoBox

Louis Couperus Museum
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Established | 1996 |
| Location | Javastraat 17 The Hague |
| Type | Townhouse |
| Visitors | Wednesday-Sunday (12.00-17.00) |
| Website | Museum website |


title: Meramec State Park

abstract: Meramec State Park is a public recreation area located near Sullivan, Missouri, about 60 miles from St. Louis, along the Meramec River. The park has diverse ecosystems such as hardwood forests and glades. There are over 40 caves located throughout the park, the bedrock is dolomite. The most famous is Fisher Cave, located near the campgrounds. The park borders the Meramec Conservation Area.

text:
# Meramec State Park

**Meramec State Park** is a public recreation area located near Sullivan, Missouri, about 60 miles from St. Louis, along the Meramec River. The park has diverse ecosystems such as hardwood forests and glades. There are over 40 caves located throughout the park, the bedrock is dolomite. The most famous is Fisher Cave, located near the campgrounds. The park borders the Meramec Conservation Area.

## History

The park was acquired by the state in 1927, then saw active development by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) between 1933 and 1935. At that time, trails were laid out and numerous buildings constructed including a dining hall, recreation hall, concession building, and shelters.

In the late 1970s, as part of the Meramec Basin Project, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers began work on a dam in the park to impound the river. The resulting reservoir would have permanently flooded much of the park and imperiled many different species, including the endangered Indiana bat. However, in response to direct citizen action against the dam, the project was halted, marking a victory for the environmental movement.

## Historic sites

Three surviving CCC-era structures were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985:

* **Meramec State Park Lookout House/Observation Tower**: The rustic-style stone and trussed timber octagonal lookout tower was built about 1934.
* **Meramec State Park Pump House**: The rustic-style stone pump house (well house) on the Lodge Trail has a medium-pitched front-gable roof with small cupola. It was built in 1934.
* **Meramec State Park Shelter House**: The rustic-style shelter house on the Lodge Trail measures 12 feet by 16 feet and has a hipped roof supported by heavy wooden posts and brackets. It was built in 1935.

In 1991, the **Meramec State Park Beach Area Historic District** was also added to the list. The historic district encompasses four contributing buildings, three contributing structures, and one contributing object. They include the picnic shelter, stone restrooms, water fountain, pump house, and stone steps.

The bottom southeast corner of the park includes the old Hamilton Ironworks, after which the Ozarks fiddle tune "Hamilton Ironworks" is named. The Hamilton Iron Works Trail has interpretive signage about the history the blast furnace that once operated "around the clock, seven days a week."

## Activities and amenities

In addition to cave tours, the park offers hiking trails, fishing, swimming and boating on the Meramec River, and a campground. The visitor center houses an exhibit hall with a video presentation and information about the history and ecology of the area.

## InfoBox

| Meramec State Park | |
| --- | --- |
| A *stalactiflat* in Fisher Cave | |
| Location in MissouriMeramec State Park (the United States) | |
| Location | Franklin, Crawford, and Washington counties, Missouri, United States |
| Coordinates | 38°12′24″N 91°6′9″W / 38.20667°N 91.10250°W / 38.20667; -91.10250 |
| Area | 6,896.33 acres (27.9085 km2) |
| Elevation | 571 ft (174 m) |
| Established | 1927 |
| Visitors | 676,859 (in 2017) |
| Governing body | Missouri Department of Natural Resources |
| Website | Meramec State Park |
|  | |
| Meramec State Park Lookout House/Observation Tower | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Nearest city | Sullivan, Missouri |
| Area | Less than one acre |
| Built | c. 1934 (1934) |
| Built by | CCC; NPS |
| Architectural style | Rustic |
| MPS | ECW Architecture in Missouri State Parks 1933-1942 TR |
| NRHP reference No. | 85000530 |
| Added to NRHP | February 28, 1985 |
|  | |
| Meramec State Park Pump House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Nearest city | Sullivan, Missouri |
| Area | Less than one acre |
| Built | 1934 (1934) |
| Built by | CCC; NPS |
| Architectural style | Rustic |
| MPS | ECW Architecture in Missouri State Parks 1933-1942 TR |
| NRHP reference No. | 85000531 |
| Added to NRHP | February 28, 1985 |
|  | |
| Meramec State Park Shelter House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Nearest city | Sullivan, Missouri |
| Area | Less than one acre |
| Built | 1935 (1935) |
| Built by | CCC; NPS |
| Architectural style | Rustic |
| MPS | ECW Architecture in Missouri State Parks 1933-1942 TR |
| NRHP reference No. | 85000532 |
| Added to NRHP | February 26, 1985 |
|  | |
| Meramec State Park Beach Area Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
| Nearest city | Sullivan, Missouri |
| Area | Less than one acre |
| Built by | National Park Service |
| Architectural style | Rustic |
| MPS | ECW Architecture in Missouri State Parks 1933-1942 TR |
| NRHP reference No. | 91001772 |
| Added to NRHP | December 6, 1991 |
|  | |


title: Mary Pittman

abstract: Mary Pittman is the President and CEO of PHI.

text:
# Mary Pittman

**Mary Pittman** is the President and CEO of PHI (Public Health Institute).

## Career

Pittman has also served as president of the Health Research and Educational Trust/AHA and president and chief executive officer of the California Association of Public Hospitals.

## Awards and honors

She was named one of 2021’s Top 25 Women in Healthcare. In October 2020, UC Berkeley School of Public Health as part of their 150th anniversary celebration, named Pittman one of 16 women who changed public health. She is one of the PharmaVoice 100 in 2020.

## Early life

Pittman majored in cell and molecular biology at University at Buffalo and has a Dr.PH. From UC Berkeley school of Public Health. Undergraduate professors persuaded her to go into public health instead of medicine except she did not know what public health was.

1. "TOP 25 WOMEN LEADERS - 2021". *Modern Healthcare*. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
2. "Mary A. Pittman". *Commonwealth Fund*. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
3. "Sixteen Women Who Changed Public Health". *UC Berkeley Public Health*. 3 October 2020. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
4. "The public health sleuth". *PharmaVOICE*. Retrieved 26 October 2022.


title: WCPO TV Tower

abstract: The WCPO TV Tower is a free-standing lattice tower with triangular cross section located in Cincinnati, Ohio, and used by WCPO-TV, WEBN, WUBE-FM, WVXU, WBQC-LD, and previously WOTH-CD. Built in 1965 it is the oldest of Cincinnati's large freestanding radio towers. The tower stands 276 m (906 ft) tall, one of four in the city that rise above 900 feet (270 m) in height and is amongst the tallest lattice towers in the world.

text:
# WCPO TV Tower

The **WCPO TV Tower** is a free-standing lattice tower with triangular cross section located in Cincinnati, Ohio, and used by WCPO-TV, WEBN, WUBE-FM, WVXU, WBQC-LD, and previously WOTH-CD. Built in 1965 it is the oldest of Cincinnati's large freestanding radio towers. The tower stands 276 m (906 ft) tall, one of four in the city that rise above 900 feet (270 m) in height and is amongst the tallest lattice towers in the world.

## Stations

### Radio

FM stations that transmit from WCPO TV Tower include the following:

| Callsign | Frequency | Format | Owner |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| WVXU | 91.7 | Talk radio | Cincinnati Public Radio |
| WUBE-FM | 105.1 | Country music | Hubbard Broadcasting |

### Television

TV stations that transmit from WCPO TV Tower include the following:

| Callsign | Virtual Channel | Physical Channel | Affiliation | Digital channels |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| WCPO-TV | 9 | 9 | ABC | 26 |
| WBQC-LD | 25 | 38 | Cozi TV | 28 |

## InfoBox

| WCPO TV Tower | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Status | Completed |
| Type | Steel lattice television tower |
| Location | Cincinnati, Ohio |
| Coordinates | 39°07′30″N 84°29′56″W / 39.12500°N 84.49889°W / 39.12500; -84.49889 |
| Completed | 1965 |
| Height | 276 m (906 ft) |


title: Plumb BGP-1

abstract: The Plumb BGP-1 is a British single-seat homebuilt biplane developed by Barry Plumb.

text:
# Plumb BGP-1

The **Plumb BGP-1** is a British single-seat homebuilt biplane developed by Barry Plumb.

## Design and development

The aircraft is patterned after the Pitts Special and is made predominantly from wood. The first example of Plumb's biplane was built between 1975 and 1986 and is on a Popular Flying Association (now Light Aircraft Association) permit to fly.

The aircraft was originally powered by a Volkswagen 1834 engine but now uses a Jabiru 2200A model

A second example, was finished in 2015 and uses a Volkswagen 1834 engine.

## Specifications (prototype)

*Data from* Steen Aero

**General characteristics**

* **Crew:** 1
* **Wingspan:** 4.87 m (16 ft 0 in)
* **Powerplant:** 1 × Jabiru 2200A , 60 kW (80 hp)

**Performance**

* **Cruise speed:** 120 km/h (75 mph, 65 kn)
* **Stall speed:** 72 km/h (45 mph, 39 kn)
* **Never exceed speed:** 232 km/h (144 mph, 125 kn)

Similar aircraft

## InfoBox

| Plumb BGP-1 Biplane | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Prototype leaving Turweston Aerodrome in April 2017 | |
| Role | Homebuilt aircraft |
| National origin | United Kingdom |
| Designer | Barry Plumb |
| First flight | 1986 |
| Number built | 2 |


title: Władysław Baka

abstract: Władysław Baka was a Polish economist, politician, and banker. He was a Minister without Portfolio in the Council of Ministers, President of the National Bank of Poland from 1985 to 1988 and again from 1989 to 1991, and served on the Politburo of the Polish United Workers' Party from 1988 to 1989.

text:
# Władysław Baka

**Władysław Baka** (24 March 1936 – 3 March 2021) was a Polish economist, politician, and banker. He was a Minister without Portfolio in the Council of Ministers, President of the National Bank of Poland from 1985 to 1988 and again from 1989 to 1991, and served on the Politburo of the Polish United Workers' Party from 1988 to 1989.

## Biography

The son of Władysław and Marta, Baka graduated from the Faculty of Economics at the University of Warsaw in 1958. He obtained a doctoral degree in 1971, became an associate professor in 1977, and a full professor in 1989. From 1975 to 1981, he supervised the Committee of Economic Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences.

In 1955, Baka joined the Polish United Workers' Party and served on its Central Committee. From 1972 to 1973, he headed the committee's propaganda department and subsequently worked in its economic departments. From 1981 to 1985, he was a minister without portfolio in the Council of Ministers, where he helped to plan economic reform. From 1985 to 1988 and 1989 to 1991, he was president of the National Bank of Poland. He represented the communist government for their social and economic policy in the 1989 Polish Round Table Agreement. He also served on the Consultative Council of the Polish Council of State's chairman. He represented Poland at the World Bank in the late 1980s. He unsuccessfully ran for the Sejm in 1989.

In 2005, President Aleksander Kwaśniewski awarded Baka the Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta "in recognition of his outstanding contribution to the development of the financial system in Poland, for achievements in research and teaching". He had previously been awarded the Order's Knight's Cross, Commander's Cross, and the Commander's Cross with Star.

Władysław Baka died on 3 March 2021 at the age of 84.

## InfoBox

| Władysław Baka | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| President of the National Bank of Poland | |
| **In office**
12 September 1989  24 January 1991 | |
| Preceded by | Zdzisław Pakuła |
| Succeeded by | Grzegorz Wójtowicz |
| **In office**
13 November 1985  13 July 1988 | |
| Preceded by | Zdzisław Pakuła (acting) |
| Succeeded by | Zdzisław Pakuła |
| Polish Minister without Portfolio in the Council of Ministers | |
| **In office**
3 July 1981  12 November 1985 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 24 March 1936
Boksycka, Second Polish Republic |
| Died | 3 March 2021(2021-03-03) (aged 84) |
| Nationality | Polish |
| Political party | PZPR |
|  | |


title: Mikhail Taube

abstract: Baron Mikhail Alexandrovich Taube was a Russian international lawyer, statesman and legal historian. Being a Catholic converted from Russian Orthodoxy, Taube came from an old Swedish-German family von Taube, known from the 13th century, one of the branches of Baltic Germans in the service of the Russian throne.

text:
# Mikhail Taube

Baron **Mikhail Alexandrovich Taube** (May 15, 1869, Pavlovsk, Russian Empire – November 29, 1961; Paris, France) was a Russian international lawyer, statesman and legal historian. Being a Catholic converted from Russian Orthodoxy, Taube came from an old Swedish-German family von Taube, known from the 13th century, one of the branches of Baltic Germans in the service of the Russian throne.

## Family

Taube's father was Alexander Ferdinandovich, a graduate of the Petersburg State Transport University and his mother was Anna (born Butorova). His brother,Alexander: a Lieutenant-General of the Russian Imperial Army, who after the revolution in Russia, being popular among soldier, was elected to represent them in local government. In 1917, Bolsheviks came to power in St.Petersburg and Moscow, eventually the central authorities have extended their power to Siberia where Alexander Taube was located. In 1919, Soviet Red forces were defeated by the White Volunteer Army. General Alexander Taube was imprisoned and under investigation when he died of typhus in the Ekaterinburg prison. The other brothers: Colonel Jacob was murdered during Bolshevic uprising in St. Petersburg,1918; Colonel Boris served in Volunteer ("White") Army under general Miller, emigrated and lived in France; State Counsellor Sergei, a railway engineer, remained in the Soviet Union and was recognized as a distinguished engineer. Baron Michael Taube married in 1897, spouse Raisa Vladimirovna Rogal-Katchura, from whom he had three daughters and a son. His immediate family have initially emigrated to Sweden later lived in France.

## Education

Graduated from St. Petersburg High School (1887, gold medal) and St. Petersburg University, Law Faculty, 1891, thesis: "The reception of Roman law in the West". Continued his work at the university starting December 1, 1891, to prepare for a professorship, Department of International Law. Taube was a pupil of the famous international lawyer, Professor Friedrich Martens.

On May 28, 1896 he received degree of Master of International Law ("The history of modern international law. (Middle Ages). T. I. Introduction and part of the total. SPb., 1894") and November 29, 1899 received degree of Doctor in International Law ("The history of modern international law". (Middle Ages). T.II. part: Principles of Peace and Law in International Conflicts of the Middle Ages. Kharkov, 1899"). From January 1, 1897, he taught at the University of Kharkov, from 1903 to 1911 at University of St. Petersburg (replaced his teacher at the Department Friedrich Martens), from 1909 to 1917 at Imperial School of Jurisprudence. Taube was also a founding member of the Russian Society of Maritime Law (1905).

## Diplomat

From January 2, 1892 until 1917, he was attached to the Russian Imperial Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Taube was Deputy Director of the Second Department of the MFA (from 1905), then Adviser (from 1907) and permanent member of the Council of the Ministry. From 1904 to 1905 he was Russian legal representative at the Paris international commission of inquiry recarding Dogger Bank incident, where he, along with Admiral Fyodor Dubasov, was instrumental in the successful defense of Russian interests in this complex case. From 1908 to 1909 he represented Russia at a conference on maritime law in London. On November 18, 1909 Taube was Russia's representative to the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague. He worked on numerous explanations, helped prepare and provide advice on international law. In 1914, a few weeks before the start of the First World War, persuaded the Russian government to withdraw from the German banks. This included withdrawal of Russian gold from Germany to Russia.

## Statesman

On April 22, 1911, he was Deputy Minister of Education of the Russian Empire. Taube was a close associate of the minister Lev Kasso and supported conservative political views. During Kasso illness, for about a year he acted as Minister of Education. After the death of Casso, from October 19, 1914 to January 11, 1915, he served as Minister of Education of Russia. On many occasions he spoke in the State Duma (Russian Empire), for example on the allocation of the Kingdom of Poland in the Chelm province in 1912, as well as other topics. He participated in drafting the law on the universal primary education in the Russian Empire.

On February 11, 1915, he was appointed a senator, privy councilor. On January 1, 1917, Taube became a member of the State Council (Russian Empire), a member of the Right wing of the Council.

## The historian

He served as a member of the Imperial Russian Historical Society (1912), the Imperial Society of Zealots in the historical education sector (1914), an honorary member of the Moscow Archaeological Institute (1912), Vitebsk (1909), Tula (1913) and Pskov (1916) Provincial Scientific Archive Commission and Pskov Archeological Society (1916).

Professionally engaged in genealogy, Taube was the author of studies on the history of labor. He also published several books, one of them: Ikskul family genealogy. He was one of the main developers of the Charter of the Russian Genealogical Society ( 1897 a founding member). On March 15, 1914, he was elected vice-chairman of the Society. On May 14, 1905 Taube became member of Historic Genealogical Society in Moscow.

Author of scientific papers on the origin of the Russian state and the baptism of Rus, Russia and the relationship with Catholic Church.

## Cultural activities

Mikhail Taube was a member of the Saint Petersburg Philosophical Society (1906), an honorary member of the Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy in Saint Petersburg (1913). In exile, he published a collection of poems "The visions and thoughts." Taube was also a memoirist and actively preparing to sign the International Covenant on Cultural and historical values (Roerich Pact and Banner of Peace) in the late 1920s early 1930s in Europe and the United States, which was signed in the United States on April 15, 1935, and based in The Hague. Convention of 1954, signed by the participants focused on the protection of cultural property during armed conflict.

## Emigration

After the Russian revolution, since 1917 Taube lived in exile, and was a member of the Special Committee for Russia in Finland (1918). While in Finland, he became Minister of Foreign Affairs within a government in exile under the leadership of Alexander Trepov (1918). Then lived in Sweden (he lectured on the history of international relations and international law at Uppsala University), and Germany. From 1928 he lived in Paris, where he taught at a branch of the Russian Institute at the Faculty of Law, University of Paris and the European Center of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. He was a member of the Scientific Council of Russian Scientific Institute in Berlin, and has lectured at various universities in Germany and Belgium. Taube continued his study of international law, being a member of the Academy of International Law in The Hague. From 1932 to 1937 he was a Professor of the University of Münster (Germany).

Member of the Supreme Council and the Monarchist Society "Icon" in Paris. In the 1930s, Taube was a legal adviser to the Grand Duke Cyril Vladimirovich, Grand Duke of Russia. He participated in the development of a new charter of the imperial family in the version which followed the Grand Duke Cyril Vladimirovich, Grand Duke of Russia and Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia.

On December 1, 1951 Taube took part in the Central Commission for genealogy establishing measures and legal documentation, court estate arbitration, general registration of noble families, the Russian edition of the lists of titled and untitled nobility, focusing on the history and genealogy of the Baltic and Russian nobility. Taube was also a member of the Russian Historical Genealogical Society in America.

## Catholicism

Mikhail von Taube was a parishioner of the Russian Greek Catholic church of the Holy Trinity in Paris and a member of the Russian apostolate, publishing his works in the bulletin " Our parish."

## Facts

Michael Taube was an official reviewer for dissertations of Andrey Mandelstam.

## Contributions

* *History of the Birth of Contemporary International Law*, Vol. 1 (St. Petersburg, 1894); Vol. 2 (Kharkov, 1899) (История зарождения современного международного права. том I, СПб., 1894; том II, Харьков, 1899.)
* *Christianity and the Organization of International Peace*, 2nd ed., Moscow, 1905 (Христианство и организация международного мира. 2-е изд., М., 1905.)
* *The System of International Law*, St. Petersburg, 1909 (Система междугосударственного права. СПб, 1909.)
* Восточный вопрос и австро-русская политика в первой половине XIX столетия. Пг., 1916. (*The Eastern Question and Austrian-Russian Politics in the First Half of the 19th Century*, Prague, 1916)
* Вечный мир или вечная война? (Мысли о Лиге наций). Берлин, 1922. (*Perpetual Peace or Perpetual War: Thoughts on the League of Nations*, Berlin, 1922)
* Этюды об историческом развитии международного права в Восточной Европе. 1926 (на французском языке). (*Episodes from Historical Development of International Law in Eastern Europe*, 1926 (in French)
* Аграфа: О незаписанных в Евангелии изречениях Иисуса Христа. Варшава, 1936. – 150 с. (также: М.: Крутицкое Патриаршее Подворье, 2007).
* Аграфа у Отцов Церкви. Варшава, 1937.
* Аграфа в древнехристианских апокрифах. Париж, 1947.
* Аграфа в иудейских и магометанских писаниях. Париж, 1951.
* Император Павел I – великий магистр Мальтийского ордена. Париж, 1955 (на французском языке).
* «Зарницы»: воспоминания о трагической судьбе предреволюционной России (1900–1917). М., 2006.
* Michael v. Taube, "Der Grossen Katastrophe Entgegen",verlag von K.F.Koehlers,Leipzig,1937

## InfoBox

| Mikhail Alexandrovich Taube | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1869-05-15)May 15, 1869
Pavlovsk, Russian Empire |
| Died | November 29, 1961(1961-11-29) (aged 92)
Paris, France |
| Occupation(s) | International lawyer, statesman, legal historian |
| Notable work | *History of the Birth of Contemporary International Law*, *Christianity and the Organization of International Peace*, *The System of International Law* |


title: 1919 in South Africa

abstract: The following lists events that happened during 1919 in South Africa.

text:
# 1919 in South Africa

The following lists events that happened during **1919 in South Africa**.

## Incumbents

## Events

April August September November

## Births

## Deaths

## Railways

### Railway lines opened

* 9 January  Natal  Deviation from Umlaas Road to Pentrich, 19 miles 19 chains (31.0 kilometres).

### Locomotives

Two new Cape gauge and one narrow gauge locomotive types enter service on the South African Railways (SAR):

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Decades: |  |
| See also: |  |


title: Louis Cottrell Sr.

abstract: Louis Cottrell was an influential American jazz drummer. "Old Man" Cottrell was the father of Louis Cottrell Jr. and great-grandfather of New Orleans jazz drummer Louis Cottrell. Cottrell was born and died in New Orleans. He played with John Robichaux's orchestra in 1909 and with the Olympia Orchestra in New Orleans from 1900 to 1915. From 1916 to 1918 he played in Chicago with Manuel Perez, then played with A.J. Piron until the time of his death. "Old Man" Cottrell has been credited as the innovator of the press roll in jazz drumming, and was a significant influence on most New Orleans drummers of the time, having taught Alex Bigard, Baby Dodds, Paul Barbarin, Louis Barbarin, Freddie Kohlman, Cie Frazier and Alfred Williams.

text:
# Louis Cottrell Sr.

**Louis Cottrell** (December 25, 1878 – October 17, 1927) was an influential American jazz drummer. "Old Man" Cottrell was the father of Louis Cottrell Jr. and great-grandfather of New Orleans jazz drummer Louis Cottrell.

Cottrell was born and died in New Orleans. He played with John Robichaux's orchestra in 1909 and with the Olympia Orchestra in New Orleans from 1900 to 1915. From 1916 to 1918 he played in Chicago with Manuel Perez, then played with A.J. Piron until the time of his death.

"Old Man" Cottrell has been credited as the innovator of the press roll in jazz drumming, and was a significant influence on most New Orleans drummers of the time, having taught Alex Bigard, Baby Dodds, Paul Barbarin, Louis Barbarin, Freddie Kohlman, Cie Frazier and Alfred Williams.

## InfoBox

| Louis Cottrell Sr. | |
| --- | --- |
| Louis Albert Cottrell Sr. | |
| Background information | |
| Also known as | "Old Man" Cottrell |
| Born | (1878-12-25)December 25, 1878
New Orleans, Louisiana, United States |
| Died | October 17, 1927(1927-10-17) (aged 48)
New Orleans |
| Genres | Jazz |
| Occupation | Drummer |
|  | |
|  | |
| Children | Louis Cottrell Jr. (son) |
|  | |


title: Wanda Jackson in Person

abstract: Wanda Jackson in Person is a live album by American recording artist Wanda Jackson. It was released in October 1969 via Capitol Records and contained ten tracks. The project was Jackson's first live album in her career and was recorded at Mr. Lucky's, a performance venue in Phoenix, Arizona.

text:
# Wanda Jackson in Person

***Wanda Jackson in Person*** is a live album by American recording artist Wanda Jackson. It was released in October 1969 via Capitol Records and contained ten tracks. The project was Jackson's first live album in her career and was recorded at Mr. Lucky's, a performance venue in Phoenix, Arizona.

## Background

In the 1950s, Wanda Jackson released a series of Rockabilly recordings before transitioning into the Country genre during the 1960s, where she had commercial success. As the decade progressed, Jackson recorded more country material and became further identified with the genre. Jackson and her producer, Ken Nelson, decided to record her first live album after deciding that she needed to attempt other musical projects. Two dates were set for the recording of the project at Mr. Lucky's, a performance venue located in Phoenix, Arizona, where she "always had great crowds", according to Jackson's autobiography.

## Recording, content and release

For the recording process, Jackson used her touring band but also brought in Nashville session musicians Willie Ackerman and Fred Carter Jr. The official sessions took place in July 1969 at Mr. Lucky's under Nelson's production. A total of ten tracks were chosen for the live recording, which included Jackson's self-penned hit "Right or Wrong". Other songs chosen included her Rockabilly single "Let's Have a Party", along with her country single "If I Had a Hammer". She also performed several covers, including Tammy Wynette's "Divorce", along with Johnny Cash and June Carter's "Jackson". *Wanda Jackson in Person* was released in October 1969 on Capitol Records as a vinyl LP. In later decades, the album was re-released to digital and streaming markets, including Apple Music.

## Track listings

### Vinyl version

Side one
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Let's Have a Party" | Jessie May Robinson | 1:36 |
| 2. | "Jackson" |  | 2:26 |
| 3. | "Right or Wrong" | Wanda Jackson | 2:22 |
| 4. | "Release Me" |  | 2:50 |
| 5. | "If I Had a Hammer" |  | 3:32 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Silver Threads and Golden Needles" |  | 2:35 |
| 2. | "D-i-v-o-r-c-e" |  | 2:32 |
| 3. | "Hold Me Tight" | Johnny Nash | 1:56 |
| 4. | "Games People Play" | Joe South | 2:38 |
| 5. | "Cowboy Yodel" | Carson J. Robinson | 1:57 |

### Digital version

*Wanda Jackson in Person (Live)* (Capitol Nashville)
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Let's Have a Party" | Robinson | 2:50 |
| 2. | "Jackson" | * Gaby Rogers * Wheeler | 2:49 |
| 3. | "Right or Wrong" | Wanda Jackson | 3:00 |
| 4. | "Release Me" | * Miller * Stevenson | 3:33 |
| 5. | "If I Had a Hammer" | * Hays * Seeger | 3:39 |
| 6. | "Silver Threads and Golden Needles" | * Reynolds * Rhodes | 3:23 |
| 7. | "Divorce" | * Braddock * Putman | 4:25 |
| 8. | "Hold Me Tight" | Nash | 2:21 |
| 9. | "Games People Play" | South | 3:19 |
| 10. | "Cowboy Yodel" | Robinson | 2:15 |

## Personnel

All credits are adapted from the liner notes of *Wanda Jackson in Person*.

**Musical personnel**

**Technical personnel**

* Hugh Davies – Engineer
* Ken Nelson – Producer

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| * United States * Canada | October 1969 | Vinyl | Capitol Records |  |
| | | | Germany |  |
| | | | Japan |  |
| | | | Sweden |  |
| Australia | | 1973 | World Record Club |  |
| Sweden | 1984 | Cassette | Capitol Records |  |
| United States | 2010s | * Digital * Streaming | Capitol Records Nashville |  |
|

## InfoBox

| Wanda Jackson in Person | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Wanda Jackson | |
| Released | October 1969 (1969-10) |
| Recorded | July 1969 (1969-07) |
| Venue | Mr. Lucky's |
| Genre | Country |
| Label | Capitol |
| Producer | Ken Nelson |
| Wanda Jackson chronology | |
| *The Happy Side of Wanda*
(1969) ***Wanda Jackson in Person***
(1969) *Wanda Jackson Country!*
(1970) | |


title: Mary Pitt

abstract: Mary Pitt was a British courtier. Her portrait is one of the Hampton Court Beauties by Godfrey Kneller, commissioned by Queen Mary II of England.

text:
# Mary Pitt

**Mary Pitt** (née **Scrope**; born 1676 - date of death unknown) was a British courtier.

Her portrait is one of the Hampton Court Beauties by Godfrey Kneller, commissioned by Queen Mary II of England.

## Family

She married John Pitt of Crow's Hall, Debenham, Suffolk, as his second wife.

## InfoBox

| Mary Pitt | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Michael Nielsen (sport shooter)

abstract: Michael Nielsen is a Danish sport shooter. He won a silver medal in skeet shooting at the 2003 European Championships in Brno, Czech Republic, and eventually finished seventh at the 2004 Summer Olympics, competing for the Danish team. Nielsen trains under longtime coach Kjild Fristrup as a member of the shooting team at SK København. Nielsen qualified for the Danish team in the men's skeet at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. He had eclipsed a minimum qualifying score of 124 to strike a silver-medal finish and to grab one of the Olympic quota places available at the European Championships less than a year earlier. Clearly one of the top favorites vying for an Olympic medal, Nielsen nailed 122 targets out of a possible 125 to force a third-place tie with four other shooters in the qualifying round, but fell abruptly in a tight duel to neighboring Norway's Harald Jensen 2 to 1, who coveted the last seed for the six-man Olympic final, relegating him to seventh. Nielsen is also married to pistol shooter and three-time Olympian Susanne Meyerhoff.

text:
# Michael Nielsen (sport shooter)

**Michael Nielsen** (born 3 August 1975 in Roskilde) is a Danish sport shooter. He won a silver medal in skeet shooting at the 2003 European Championships in Brno, Czech Republic, and eventually finished seventh at the 2004 Summer Olympics, competing for the Danish team. Nielsen trains under longtime coach Kjild Fristrup as a member of the shooting team at SK København.

Nielsen qualified for the Danish team in the men's skeet at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. He had eclipsed a minimum qualifying score of 124 to strike a silver-medal finish and to grab one of the Olympic quota places available at the European Championships less than a year earlier. Clearly one of the top favorites vying for an Olympic medal, Nielsen nailed 122 targets out of a possible 125 to force a third-place tie with four other shooters in the qualifying round, but fell abruptly in a tight duel to neighboring Norway's Harald Jensen 2 to 1, who coveted the last seed for the six-man Olympic final, relegating him to seventh.

Nielsen is also married to pistol shooter and three-time Olympian Susanne Meyerhoff.

## InfoBox

Michael Nielsen
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Michael Nielsen |
| Nationality | Denmark |
| Born | (1975-08-03) 3 August 1975<br>Roskilde, Denmark |
| Height | 1.74 m (5 ft 8+12 in) |
| Weight | 86 kg (190 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Shooting |
| Event | Skeet (SK125) |
| Club | SK København |
| Coached by | Kjild Fristrup |
| Medal record      Men's shooting  Representing  Denmark  European Championships  2003 Brno  SK125 | |


title: Garth Breytenbach

abstract: Garth Breytenbach, is a South African actor. He is best known for the roles in the films Five Fingers for Marseilles, Beyond the River and Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom.

text:
# Garth Breytenbach

**Garth Breytenbach** (born 14 June 1979), is a South African actor. He is best known for the roles in the films *Five Fingers for Marseilles*, *Beyond the River* and *Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom*.

## Personal life

He was born in Cape Town, South Africa. He worked in London, pursuing a career in the hospitality industry. However, he was later moved to acting and film. So he studied and graduated from CityVarsity School of Media Studies, Cape Town. Then he attended to Creative Arts College, to complete a Diploma in Acting for Camera.

## Career

His passion for acting came when he attended the theatres in Cape Town and the Grahamstown Arts Festival. Garth made his screen debut in 1993 with the popular South African television serial *Generations*. In this play, he made a minor role of 'Jacques Venter'. In 2005, he acted in the mini-series, *The Triangle* directed by Craid R Baxley. Then he made the popular role 'Pvt. Slug Skinner' in 2008 direct-to-video film *Starship Troopers 3: Marauder*. Since 2014, he appeared in mainstream television acting with *Black Sails* and later in *Deutschland 86* (2018).

In 2017, he starred in the mini-series *Madiba* and film *Beyond The River*. However his most popular role in 2017 came through the South African western thriller film *Five Fingers For Marseilles* with the role 'Officer De Vries'. In 2013, he appeared on the film *Long Walk to Freedom* opposite Idris Elba. In 2018, he played the role 'Ajax', the Greek warrior in the BBC and Netflix mini-series *Troy: Fall Of A City* (2018).

He is also famous for his acting in historical dramas such as *Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom*, *Winnie Mandela*, *Verraaiers* and *Goodbye Bafana*. Apart from dramatic roles, Garth also featured in comedy roles, notably in the series *Hammerhead TV*, which includes the popular actors Bevan Cullinan, Brendan Jack and Chris Forrest

## Partial filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Genre | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | *Raised by Wolves* | Den | TV series |  |

## InfoBox

| Garth Breytenbach | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1979-06-14) June 14, 1979<br>Cape Town, South Africa |
| Nationality | South African |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1993–present |
| Height | 1.9 m (6 ft 3 in) |


title: Versailles (album)

abstract: Versailles is the eponymous fourth studio album by Versailles. It was released on September 26, 2012.

text:
# Versailles (album)

***Versailles*** is the eponymous fourth studio album by Versailles. It was released on September 26, 2012.

## Track listing

Disc 1 (CD)
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Prelude" | Kamijo | Kamijo | 1:35 |
| 2. | "Rose" | Kamijo | Hizaki | 5:25 |
| 3. | "Rhapsody of the Darkness" | Kamijo | Hizaki | 4:54 |
| 4. | "Edge of the World" | Kamijo | Teru | 5:17 |
| 5. | "Illusion" | Kamijo | Kamijo | 5:07 |
| 6. | "Ayakashi" (妖 -ayakashi-) | Kamijo | Masashi | 4:37 |
| 7. | "Created Beauty" | Hizaki | Hizaki | 10:05 |
| 8. | "Holy Grail -Amoroso-" | (instrumental) | Hizaki | 5:03 |
| 9. | "Brave" | Kamijo | Teru | 4:33 |
| 10. | "Truth" | Kamijo | Kamijo | 4:45 |
| 11. | "Sympathia" | Kamijo | Hizaki | 6:14 |

Disc 2 (DVD, Limited Edition)
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Ascendead Master Story I–III" (Movie) |  |  |  |
| 2. | "Ascendead Master" (Music video) | Kamijo | Hizaki |  |
| 3. | "Serenade" (Music video) | Kamijo | Hizaki |  |
| 4. | "Destiny" (Music Video) | Kamijo | Kamijo |  |
| 5. | "Philia" (Music video) | Kamijo | Hizaki |  |
| 6. | "Masquerade" (Music video) | Kamijo | Kamijo |  |
| 7. | "Vampire" (Music Video) | Kamijo | Kamijo |  |

## InfoBox

| Versailles | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Versailles | |
| Released | September 26, 2012 (2012-09-26) |
| Genre | Power metal, symphonic metal |
| Label | Warner Music Japan |
| Versailles chronology | |
| *Holy Grail*
(2011) ***Versailles***
(2012) *Anthologie*
(2013) | |


title: Xeromphalina campanella

abstract: Xeromphalina campanella is a species of mushroom. The common names of the species include the golden trumpet and the bell Omphalina. The genus name Xeromphalina means "little dry navel" and campanella means "bell-shaped", respectively describing the mature and young shapes of the pileus, or cap. The mushroom is also called fuzzy-foot.

text:
# Xeromphalina campanella

| *Xeromphalina campanella*Mycological characteristics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | **Gills** on hymenium |
|  | Cap is **convex** or **depressed** |
|  | Hymenium is **decurrent** |
|  | Stipe is **bare** |
|  | Spore print is **white** |
|  | Ecology is **saprotrophic** |
|  | Edibility is **unknown** or **inedible** |

***Xeromphalina campanella*** is a species of mushroom. The common names of the species include the **golden trumpet** and the **bell Omphalina**. The genus name *Xeromphalina* means "little dry navel" and *campanella* means "bell-shaped", respectively describing the mature and young shapes of the *pileus*, or cap. The mushroom is also called *fuzzy-foot*.

## Description

The fruit body of *X. campanella* has a small umbrella-shaped cap, about .5–2 cm wide. The thin brown stalk is 1–5 cm long and 1–3 mm wide, yellow at the apex, reddish brown below, with brown or yellow hairs at the base. The gills are pale yellow to pale orange. The spore print is pale buff. When the species is young, their caps are bell-shaped. As they mature, the outer part of the cap expands and rises which leaves the center depressed, resembling a navel.

### Edibility

Although the species is not poisonous, the mushrooms are small and bitter tasting with no value as edibles. David Arora suggests that the mushroom is a small morsel that is hardly worth eating. Despite many authors calling the mushroom inedible, author Bill Russell knows people that eat the mushroom frequently.

## Habitat

The fruiting occurs in clumps or very dense clusters on decaying logs, stumps, and woody debris of coniferous trees. The species is commonly found in North America. At times, the species almost entirely covers old tree stumps. The species can be found in any wet season of the year.

## Similar species

*Xeromphalina campanelloides* is distinguishable via microscopic features. *Xeromphalina kauffmanii* resembles the species, but has a more yellow cap and grows on decaying wood of broad-leaved trees. *Xeromphalina brunneola* also resembles the species, but has smaller, narrowly elliptical spores, and differs in odor, taste, and cap color. *Xeromphalina cauticinalis*, *X. cornui*, and *X. fulvipes* are also similar.

## InfoBox

| *Xeromphalina campanella* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Mycenaceae |
| Genus: | *Xeromphalina* |
| Species: | ***X. campanella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Xeromphalina campanella***<br>(Batsch) Kühner & Maire 1953 | |
|


title: Mikkel Jensen (footballer, born 1977)

abstract: Mikkel Jensen is a Danish retired football (soccer) player in the central midfielder position. He has won three Danish Superliga championships with Brøndby IF. Jensen played 47 games and scored one goal for various Danish national youth selections, including 21 matches for the Danish under-21 national team. He was named 1998 Danish under-21 Talent of the Year.

text:
# Mikkel Jensen (footballer, born 1977)

**Mikkel Jensen** (born 6 January 1977) is a Danish retired football (soccer) player in the central midfielder position. He has won three Danish Superliga championships with Brøndby IF. Jensen played 47 games and scored one goal for various Danish national youth selections, including 21 matches for the Danish under-21 national team. He was named 1998 Danish *under-21 Talent of the Year*.

## Playing career

Born in Værløse, Jensen started playing football with Værløse BK before moving to multiple Danish champions Brøndby IF. He made his Danish Superliga debut for Brøndby IF in April 1997 and played two games as Brøndby won the 1996-97 Superliga championship. He made his debut for the Denmark national under-21 football team in August 1997. Jensen went on to play 21 games for the under-21 team until December 1999, and was named 1998 Danish *under-21 Talent of the Year*.

Jensen won the 1997-98 and 2001-02 Danish Superliga championships with Brøndby, and played for Brøndby in the 1999 UEFA Champions League. He played a total 108 games in all competitions for Brøndby, including 88 games and two goals in the Superliga. When Brøndby hired new manager Michael Laudrup in the summer 2002, Jensen was deemed surplus to requirements. He had a short stop at league rivals FC Midtjylland, playing 11 games in the first half of the 2002-03 Superliga season before leaving Brøndby.

In early 2003 Jensen joined Swedish club Hammarby IF for their winter training camp, competing with Finnish midfielder Simo Valakari for a permanent contract. He scored a goal in a training game against the Malta national team and subsequently signed a three-year contract with Hammarby. He played six years at Hammarby and served as team captain. In the summer of 2006 he suffered a knee injury which eventually demanded a one-and-a-half-year recovery period. He returned in 2007, but suffered a relapse.

In July 2009 Jensen left the club and moved on loan to fellow Stockholm-based club IF Brommapojkarna for the remainder of the season. At Brommapojkarna he looked to establish himself as a central defender. After the loan period ended he got a permanent two-year contract with Brommapojkarna, signing on a free transfer. In 2011 Jensen decided to retire from football.

## Honours

1. Mikkel Jensen at DanskFodbold.com
2. (in Swedish) Mikkel Jensen 14 Archived 15 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine at Hammarby IF
3. Mikkel Jensen - Alle hold (Alle kampe) at Danish Football Association
4. "Mikkel Jensen till Karlbergs BK i division 3". *fotbolltransfers.com* (in Swedish). Retrieved 6 September 2011.
5. (in Danish) Mikkel Jensen at Brøndby IF
6. Arlas talentpriser 2009 - 1987 at Danish Football Association
7. 1. holdsspillere i Brøndby IF at Brøndby IF
8. Mikkel kom till Hammarby 2003 Archived 17 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Hammarby IF, 28 July 2009
9. (in Swedish) Mikkel Jensen lånas ut till Brommapojkarna Archived 27 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Hammarby IF, 28 July 2009
10. (in Swedish) Henrik Danielsson, Mikkel Jensen till BP - och blir mittback, Expressen, 28 July 2009

## InfoBox

Mikkel Jensen
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1977-01-06) 6 January 1977 | | |
| Place of birth | Værløse, Denmark | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Værløse BK | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1997–2002 | Brøndby IF | 88 | (2) |
| 2002 | FC Midtjylland (loan) | 11 | (0) |
| 2003–2009 | Hammarby IF | 112 | (2) |
| 2009 | IF Brommapojkarna (loan) | 4 | (0) |
| 2010–2011 | IF Brommapojkarna | 10 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 1997–1999 | Denmark U-21 | 21 | (0) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 2011–2014 | Karlbergs BK (assistant) | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: 1914 papal conclave

text:
# 1914 papal conclave

A papal conclave was held from 31 August to 3 September 1914 which elected Giacomo della Chiesa to succeed Pius X, who died on August 20, as pope. Della Chiesa, hitherto the archbishop of Bologna, took the name Benedict XV.

## Political context

Europe was already at war and the new pope would face the question of maintaining neutrality or assuming moral leadership. Catholic Belgium and France were attacked by Protestant Germany, which was supported by Catholic Austria, while the Protestant United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (including Catholic Ireland) and Orthodox Russia sided with France.

The conclave brought together cardinals from the combatant nations, including Károly Hornig from Austria-Hungary, Louis Luçon from France, Felix von Hartmann from Germany and three from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Francis Bourne, Michael Logue and Francis Aidan Gasquet. The Belgian Désiré-Joseph Mercier needed the permission of the Emperor of Germany to leave his country.

Despite the fact that some cardinals had found it impossible to reach Rome in time to participate in earlier conclaves, the revised set of rules promulgated by Pius X in the *Vacante Sede Apostolica* on 25 December 1904 required the cardinals to wait only ten days after the death of the pope before starting a conclave. Of the three cardinals who traveled from the United States, James Gibbons of Baltimore and William O'Connell of Boston, did not reach Rome in time to participate in the conclave, nor did Louis-Nazaire Bégin of Quebec. Five more were too ill or too frail.

## Veto abolished

Pope Pius X had issued two apostolic constitutions on the subject of papal conclaves. The first, *Commissum Nobis* of 20 January 1904, eliminated any secular monarch's claim to a veto over a candidate for election. It established that anyone who attempted to introduce a veto in the conclave would incur automatic excommunication. For the first time in centuries the cardinals faced no external restraint on their authority.

## Balloting

The conclave itself assembled in the Sistine Chapel on 31 August. From the beginning of the conclave, it was clear that there were only three possible winners. Domenico Serafini, a Benedictine and assessor at the Holy Office, won the support of the Curia to continue Pius X's anti-modernist campaign as his chief priority. However, many other cardinals, such as Carlo Ferrari and Désiré Mercier, believed that a Pope with a different focus was needed and supported the Archbishop of Pisa Pietro Maffi, considered very liberal but tainted by being close to the House of Savoy. Giacomo della Chiesa, Archbishop of Bologna, stood intermediate between Maffi and Serafini, but in the early ballots he was equal with Maffi and seemed to be winning some support from conservative factions. Della Chiesa drew ahead by five votes after the fourth ballot, and once it became clear Maffi had no hope whatsoever of gaining two-thirds of the votes, Serafini became Della Chiesa's opponent. By 3 September 1914, on the tenth ballot, all of Maffi's supporters had switched to Della Chiesa, who was elected pope. He took the name Benedict XV.

Reportedly Della Chiesa had been elected by one vote. According to the rules in force at the time, the ballot papers had a numbering on the reverse side, so that, if the election was decided by only one vote, it could be checked whether or not the elected person had voted for himself, in which case the election would be void. According to that account, Cardinal Rafael Merry del Val, who had been Pius X's Secretary of State, insisted that the ballots be checked to ensure that Della Chiesa had not voted for himself – he had not. When the cardinals offered their homage to the new pope, Benedict allegedly said to Merry del Val, "The stone that the builders rejected has become the cornerstone." To which the unabashed Merry del Val replied with the next verse of Psalm 118: "This is the Lord’s doing; it is marvelous in our eyes."

Cardinal Merry del Val wasn't reappointed as Secretary of State by the new Pope, but was named Secretary of the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office (then the head of that Dicastery, because the Popes themselves retained the office of Prefect of the Holy Office, leaving its daily administration to the secretary).

***PAPAL CONCLAVE, 1914***
| LENGTH OF CONCLAVE | 4 days |
| --- | --- |
| NUMBER OF BALLOTS | 10 |
| ELECTORS | 65 |
| Absent | 8 |
| Present | 57 |
| Africa | 0 |
| South America | 1 |
| North America | 1 |
| Asia | 0 |
| Europe | 22 |
| Oceania | 0 |
| Italians | 33 |
| DECEASED POPE | PIUS X (1903–1914) |
| NEW POPE | BENEDICT XV (1914–1922) |

## InfoBox

| Papal conclave
August–September 1914
 | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates and location | |
| 31 August – 3 September 1914
Sistine Chapel, Apostolic Palace,
Rome | |
| Key officials | |
| Dean | Serafino Vannutelli |
| Sub-dean | Francesco di Paola Cassetta |
| Camerlengo | Francesco Salesio Della Volpe |
| Protodeacon | Francesco Salesio Della Volpe |
| Election | |
| Ballots | 10 |
| Elected pope | |
| **Giacomo della Chiesa**
Name taken: **Benedict XV** | |
|  | |
|


title: Wanda Houston

abstract: Wanda Houston is an American singer and actress.

text:
# Wanda Houston

**Wanda Houston** is an American singer and actress.

## Biography

Houston is originally from Chicago, Illinois. She started singing in gospel choirs of West Side, Chicago. She was born to John and Bessie, the oldest of four. Houston comes from a creative family. Her father was an actor, and her mother was both an actress and a singer. Her father ran a theatre company. Houston studied chemistry in college, but eventually switched to music, getting her degree in music with a focus on opera. After college she ended up in Los Angeles, spending two decades there. At this time, Houston starred in some Hollywood films, and went on to sing at the Sands in Las Vegas. After Los Angeles she moved to Australia while touring with *Sisterella*. She spent a year in Australia, and considered staying there forever.

In the 2000s, Houston toured with Martha and the Vandellas and The Platters. She lived and performed throughout the United States, Australia and Europe. In 2001 she settled in the Berkshires, and now she performs chiefly in New England. In the Berkshires she is considered a diva. Her current group plays "a mix of mid-20th century jazz and rhythm-and-blues".

In February 2021 she sang the sorrow songs of W. E. B. Du Bois at the 2021 Du Bois Legacy Festival, commemorating the civil rights activist's 153rd birthday. Her own parents were deeply involved in the civil rights movement. She performed at the BarnArts Masquerade Jazz and Funk Winter Music Carnival on more than one occasion.

Houston collaborated with American progressive rock band Spock's Beard on two occasions. She was a featured artist on the dance single "Unity" by John Rizzo, also featuring Lisa Hunt. The song peaked at number 27 on the United States *Billboard* Dance Club Songs.

### Acting career

While in Los Angeles, she starred in a few Hollywood films, including *The Christmas Path*, also starring Shia LaBeouf. Houston starred in an off-Broadway play called "A Good Swift Kick", which premiered in July 1999. The play wasn't warmly received. However, The New York Times praised Houston's performance, calling it fantastic. In 2005 she debuted at Broadway, in a *A Streetcar Named Desire*, alongside John C. Reilly and Natasha Richardson. Show director Edward Hall expanded Houston's role ("The Negro Woman") in this version. Houston toured the world with *Sisterella*, a show produced by Michael Jackson where she played one of the wicked stepsisters. In 2006 she performed *Ain't Misbehavin'* at the Sharon Playhouse.

## Personal life

Houston stated that her favorite jazz song is "Nature Boy", her favorite R&B song is "Midnight Train to Georgia", and her favorite song to perform live is her group's version of "On and On". Mahalia Jackson was her idol growing up.

## Discography

### Singles

List of singles as featured artist and year released
| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | Certification | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | US | | |
| "Unity"<br>(John Rizzo featuring Lisa Hunt and Wanda Houston) | 2008 | 27 |  | Non-album single |
|

## InfoBox

| Wanda Houston | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Wanda Lynn Houston |
| Born | Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Origin | Berkshire County, Massachusetts |
| Genres |  |
| Instrument | Vocals |
| Years active | late 1990s–present |