title: Newlander Apartments

abstract: The Newlander Apartments are a historic apartment building in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Originally built as a single-family house in 1901 and expanded via a number of additions, it is notable as a well-preserved example of the small boarding houses and apartment buildings that housed much of Albuquerque's working-class population in the early 20th century. The building is listed in the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties and the National Register of Historic Places.

text:
# Newlander Apartments

The **Newlander Apartments** are a historic apartment building in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Originally built as a single-family house in 1901 and expanded via a number of additions, it is notable as a well-preserved example of the small boarding houses and apartment buildings that housed much of Albuquerque's working-class population in the early 20th century. The building is listed in the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties and the National Register of Historic Places.

## History

The building was constructed in 1901 by John Newlander, a carpenter and manager of the Albuquerque Planing Mill Company. The *Albuquerque Citizen* described it as a "fifteen room residence, two story brick with modern convenience". Newlander built the house himself at a cost of $6,000. It was located in the Atlantic and Pacific Addition, which at the time was the western fringe of the city. By 1916, Newlander's wife Lula had converted the house to a four-unit apartment building. The apartments were typical of the small boarding houses and apartment buildings, mainly converted single-unit dwellings, that served Albuquerque's working-class inhabitants in the early 20th century.

Multiple additions at the rear of the building gradually increased the number of apartments to 14 by 1946. Between 1932 and 1941, the apartments operated under the name Fifield Apartments. The building continued to function as apartments into the 1990s, although its condition deteriorated. Eventually it was purchased by the city for redevelopment and has since been restored. The property was added to the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties in 1999 and the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

## Architecture

The Newlander Apartments are two and a half stories in height with a hip roof, exemplifying the "hipped box" style. The front of the building has a full-width, two-story porch with turned wood supports and balustrades and bracketed cornices. The asphalt-shingled roof is punctuated by four dormers, one on each side. The rear dormer has a shed roof and the other three are gable roofed. The interior has a central hall plan with high ceilings and many original details.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Newlander Apartments | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| NM State Register of Cultural Properties | |
|  | |
| Newlander Apartments, September 2012 | |
|  | |
| Location | 616 Coal Ave. SW., Albuquerque, New Mexico |
| Coordinates | 35°04′58″N 106°39′20″W / 35.08278°N 106.65556°W / 35.08278; -106.65556 |
| Built | 1901 |
| NRHP reference No. | 99001677 |
| NMSRCP No. | 1785 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | January 27, 2000 |
| Designated NMSRCP | November 19, 1999 |


title: R. Grant Smith

abstract: R. Grant Smith is an American diplomat and previous United States Ambassador to Tajikistan. Smith, originally from New Jersey, served in the foreign service in India and Nepal and was Deputy Ambassador of the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi. He also served as Director of the South Asia Office at the U.S. State Department. Smith entered the Foreign Service in 1963 and went on to serve overseas in Pakistan, Nepal, Belize, India, the Central African Republic, and Tajikistan. He is a senior fellow at the Central Asia-Caucasus Institute at Johns Hopkins University.

text:
# R. Grant Smith

**R. Grant Smith** (born 1939) is an American diplomat and previous United States Ambassador to Tajikistan. Smith, originally from New Jersey, served in the foreign service in India and Nepal and was Deputy Ambassador of the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi. He also served as Director of the South Asia Office at the U.S. State Department.

Smith entered the Foreign Service in 1963 and went on to serve overseas in Pakistan, Nepal, Belize, India, the Central African Republic, and Tajikistan.

He is a senior fellow at the Central Asia-Caucasus Institute at Johns Hopkins University.

## Sources


title: Oliver Njego

abstract: Oliver Njego is a Serbian operatic baritone, who also crossed over into popular music.

text:
# Oliver Njego

**Oliver Njego** (Serbian Cyrillic: Оливер Њего, pronounced \[ɔ̌liʋɛr ɲɛ̌ːɡɔ\]) is a Serbian operatic baritone, who also crossed over into popular music.

## Biography

He graduated in 1990, at the Faculty of Music Art in Belgrade in the class of Professor Radmila Bakočević. In 1991 becomes the member of National Theatre in Belgrade opera department, where he performed in Gioachino Rossini's The Barber of Seville, Donizetti's L'elisir d'amore, and many other famous operas. He has won three major awards at the competition Belgrade Spring, and won many prizes in various cultural events throughout the country and the world. Until now, he has performed in China, United Arab Emirates, France, Italy, Korea, Great Britain, Hungary, Republic of Macedonia, and many other countries. With his godfather Predrag Miletić, actor of the National Theater, he has traveled for several years in a row with a bike to the monastery Hilandar on Mount Athos in Greece. Their journey was published in the book *Biciklom do Hilandara* by Predrag Miletić.

He is married to Jasna, with whom he has three children.

## InfoBox

| Oliver Njego | |
| --- | --- |
| Oliver Njego | |
| Born | (1959-09-19) 19 September 1959<br>Niš, Serbia (Yugoslavia) |
| Nationality | Serbian |
| Occupation | Opera singer baritone |


title: Przeginia Narodowa

abstract: Przeginia Narodowa is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czernichów, within Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Czernichów and 22 km (14 mi) west of the regional capital Kraków.

text:
# Przeginia Narodowa

**Przeginia Narodowa** \[pʂɛˈɡiɲa narɔˈdɔva\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czernichów, within Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Czernichów and 22 km (14 mi) west of the regional capital Kraków.

## InfoBox

| Przeginia Narodowa | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Przeginia Narodowa | |
| Coordinates: 50°1′N 19°39′E / 50.017°N 19.650°E / 50.017; 19.650 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lesser Poland |
| County | Kraków |
| Gmina | Czernichów |


title: Peter Hardy (historian)

abstract: Peter Hardy (1922–2014) was a Lecturer, and later Reader, at the School of Oriental and African Studies from 1947 to 1983. A specialist in the history of Islam, the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal India, he had particular expertise in Indo-Persian historiography. Among his many publications, Historians of Medieval India is highly regarded. His book Muslims of British India is a key work on the colonial period, often re-printed. Hardy's essay "Abul Fazl's Portrait of the Perfect Padshah" was the first attempt to critically reappraise Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak and his political philosophy. His career has drawn the attention of Ian Brown in his history of SOAS.

text:
# Peter Hardy (historian)

**Peter Hardy** (1922–2014) was a Lecturer, and later Reader, at the School of Oriental and African Studies from 1947 to 1983. A specialist in the history of Islam, the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal India, he had particular expertise in Indo-Persian historiography. Among his many publications, *Historians of Medieval India* is highly regarded. His book *Muslims of British India* is a key work on the colonial period, often re-printed. Hardy's essay "Abul Fazl's Portrait of the Perfect Padshah" was the first attempt to critically reappraise Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak and his political philosophy. His career has drawn the attention of Ian Brown in his history of SOAS.

## Key works

*Historians of medieval India; studies in Indo-Muslim historical writing* (London: Luzac, 1960)

*Partners in freedom and true Muslims. The political thought of some Muslim scholars in British India 1912-1947* (Lund: Studentlitteratur, 1971) Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies monograph series, no. 5 \[Reprinted Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1980\]

*The Muslims of British India* (London: Cambridge University Press, 1972) Cambridge South Asian studies, 13

"Approaches to pre-modern Indo-Muslim historical writing: some reconsiderations in 1990-1991", pp. 49–71 in Peter Robb, K. N. Chaudhuri, and Avril Powell, eds. *Society and ideology: essays in South Asian history presented to professor K.A. Ballhatchet,* (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1993.

"Didactic Historical Writing in Indian Islam: Ziya al-Din Barani's Treatment of the Reign of Sultan Muhammad Tughluq (1324-1351"), pp. 38–60 in Yohanan Friedmann, ed., *Islam in Asia* (Boulder: Westview Press, 1984)

"Islam and Muslims in South Asia" pp. 36–61 in Raphael Israeli, ed., *The Crescent in the East: Islam in Asia Major* (Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, 1982) Republished (London: Curzon, Riverdale, Md.: Riverdale Company, 1989)

"Islam in South Asia", pp. 143–164 in Joseph M. Kitagawa, ed., *The Religious Traditions of Asia* (New York: Macmillan, 1989)

"Some general characteristics analysed", pp. 169–179 in Richard M. Eaton, ed. *India's Islamic Traditions, 711-1750* (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2003)


title: William Castle (tenor)

abstract: William Castle was an English tenor who was active mainly in the United States during the mid to late 19th century. He appeared in several English language operettas and operas on Broadway during the 1860s, and later returned to Broadway in 1886 to star as Sándor Barinkay in the United States premiere of Johann Strauss II's The Gypsy Baron. Historian Kurt Gänzl described Castle as the "most popular operatic tenor of the Victorian era on the English-language stages of America".

text:
# William Castle (tenor)

**William Castle** (22 December 1836 — 31 March 1909) was an English tenor who was active mainly in the United States during the mid to late 19th century. He appeared in several English language operettas and operas on Broadway during the 1860s, and later returned to Broadway in 1886 to star as Sándor Barinkay in the United States premiere of Johann Strauss II's *The Gypsy Baron*. Historian Kurt Gänzl described Castle as the "most popular operatic tenor of the Victorian era on the English-language stages of America".

## Life and career

William James Castle was born in St Mary-le-More, Wallingford, Oxfordshire. He studied singing with Pedro Abella who was married to contralto Elena D'Angri, and began his performance career in 1859. He performed in Christy's Minstrels in England before becoming a leading tenor on American stages in New York, Boston, and Washington D.C. He made his Broadway debut as Don Cæsar de Bazan in William Vincent Wallace's *Maritana* at the Olympic Theatre, New York in 1864. Also at that theater in 1864, he portrayed Manuel in the United States premiere of Michael William Balfe's *The Rose of Castille*. He appeared in several more Broadway productions during his career, including portrayals of the Lorenzo in *Fra Diavolo* (1864 and 1867), Thaddeus in *The Bohemian Girl* (1864 and 1867), and Captain Maurice in *The Desert Flower* (1868). After a long absence, he returned to Broadway in 1886 to star as Sándor Barinkay in the United States premiere of Johann Strauss II's *The Gypsy Baron* at the Casino Theatre.

While he primarily achieved acclaim in his performances in English, Castle also performed in Italian language operas at the Academy of Music (New York City) and on tour in the United States with Jacob Grau's opera company in the 1860s. He toured the United States performing in English with numerous opera companies in 1860s through the 1880s, including Euphrosyne Parepa-Rosa's Carl Rosa Opera Company and companies operated by Emma Abbott, C. D. Hess, Gustav Hinrichs, Clara Louise Kellogg, and Caroline Richings.

After retiring from opera, Castle continued to perform on the stage as an actor in plays by William Shakespeare into his later years; often portraying characters requiring musical performance. He achieved. particular success as Amiens in *As You Like It*.

Castle died in Chicago at 442 West Adams on 31 March 1909.

## InfoBox

| William Castle | |
| --- | --- |
| William Castle as Ralph Rackstraw in HMS Pinafore | |
|  | |
| Born | 22 December 1836
Wallingford |
| Died | 31 March 1909  (aged 72)
Chicago |
| Occupation | Singer |


title: RENAM

abstract: The Research and Educational Networking Association of Moldova (RENAM) is the national research and education networking organisation (NREN) of Moldova. RENAM was incorporated in June 1999 as an association under Moldovan law. It is a member of TERENA.

text:
# RENAM

The **Research and Educational Networking Association of Moldova** (**RENAM**) is the national research and education networking organisation (NREN) of Moldova. RENAM was incorporated in June 1999 as an association under Moldovan law. It is a member of TERENA.

## Objectives

The principal purpose of RENAM is the constant development of the communication and information infrastructure of the scientific and educational community as well as governmental organisations, in Moldova. The aim of the association is to establish and develop computer network and information services on a modern level mostly in higher and secondary education, research institutions, libraries and public collections. Furthermore, the continuous and active participation in the work of international computer network organisations is also set as an aim.

## The network

RENAM provides connectivity and information services to research institutions, universities, secondary schools, hospitals and other medical institutions, libraries and museums. The infrastructure connects 23 institutes of the Moldovan Academy of Sciences, ten leading universities, more than ten colleges, three hospitals and some government institutions. The network provides connectivity to about 5,000 scientists and professors, 1,000 PhD students and more than 80,000 university and colleges students.

In Chișinău, RENAM has a fibre optic infrastructure of more than 50 km. The core network backbone in Chișinău is based on dark fibre connections and Gigabit Ethernet technology, and provides high-speed access to the national Internet exchange point. Separate distant campuses are connected by wireless point-to-point connections with up to 24 Mbit/s capacity. Peripheral research and education centres are linked using microwave radio-relay technology and leased lines from other telecommunications operators.

RENAM's national backbone has a capacity of 1 Gbit/s and 1,400 km of leased lambda lines. Main nodes are located in Chișinău, Bălți and Cahul. RENAM has a 10 Gbit/s connection to the GÉANT network via a cross-border fibre between Ungheni and the RoEduNet node in Iași.

## Services

Other services provided by RENAM include leased-line connections, design and production of websites, consulting, education and training, and a digital library services. RENAM is also responsible for the administration and registration of domain names under the .acad.md and .renam.md domains. MD-CERT is the Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT) run by RENAM.

## InfoBox

Research and Educational Networking Association of Moldova
|
|  |
| Abbreviation | RENAM Association |
| Formation | June 1999 |
| Legal status | Association |
| Purpose | To establish and develop computer network and information services on a modern level mostly in higher and secondary education, research institutions, libraries and public collections |
| Headquarters | Chișinău, Moldova |
| Region served | Moldova |
| Co-Presidents | Ion Tighineanu and Ion Bostan |
| Main organ | Council of the Association |
| Website | www.renam.md |


title: RAF Manby

abstract:
Royal Air Force Manby or more simply RAF Manby is a former Royal Air Force station located in Lincolnshire, England The following units were here at some point:
  - No. 1 Air Armament School (1937–1944) absorbed by the Empire Air Armament School (1944–1949) absorbed by the RAF Flying College (1949–1962) absorbed by the RAF College of Air Warfare (1962–1974)
  - No. 25 Group RAF
  - No. 25 Group Communication Flight RAF
  - No. 2782 Squadron RAF Regiment
  - Armament Synthetic Development Unit
  - School of Refresher Flying (1962–1973)

text:
# RAF Manby

**Royal Air Force Manby** or more simply **RAF Manby** is a former Royal Air Force station located in Lincolnshire, England

The following units were here at some point:

### Citations

### Bibliography

## InfoBox

| RAF Manby | |
| --- | --- |
| Manby, Lincolnshire in England | |
| RAF ManbyShown within Lincolnshire | |
| Coordinates | 53°21′29″N 0°04′54″E / 53.35806°N 0.08167°E / 53.35806; 0.08167 |
| Site information | |
| Owner | Ministry of Defence |
| Operator | Royal Air Force |
| Site history | |
| Built | 1937 (1937) |
| In use | 1937–1974 (1974) |
| Battles/wars | Second World War<br>Cold War |


abstract: The New Mexico Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources Department (EMNRD) is a state agency in New Mexico tasked with managing and protecting the natural and energy resources of New Mexico. The Department is led by the cabinet secretary of energy, minerals and natural resources. The cabinet secretary is appointed by the governor, with the approval of the New Mexico Senate, to serve at his/her pleasure. The current cabinet secretary designate is Melanie A. Kenderdine, appointed by Governor Michelle Lujan Grisham on Apr 29, 2024, pending Senate confirmation in 2025.

text:
# New Mexico Department of Energy, Minerals, and Natural Resources

The **New Mexico Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources Department (EMNRD)** is a state agency in New Mexico tasked with managing and protecting the natural and energy resources of New Mexico.

The Department is led by the cabinet secretary of energy, minerals and natural resources. The cabinet secretary is appointed by the governor, with the approval of the New Mexico Senate, to serve at his/her pleasure. The current cabinet secretary designate is Melanie A. Kenderdine, appointed by Governor Michelle Lujan Grisham on Apr 29, 2024, pending Senate confirmation in 2025.

## History

The New Mexico Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources Department was created in 1987 by the enactment of the *Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources Department Act*. The Act merged the Energy and Minerals Department and the Natural Resources Department into a single, unified entity.

The mission of EMNRD is to protect, manage, conserve and oversee the responsible use of the state’s natural resources. EMNRD is charged with:

* protecting the environment and ensuring the reclamation of land and resources affected by mining activities
* growing and sustaining healthy forests
* leading the development of reliable energy

## Overview

The EMNRD has six main missions:

* Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency
* Health Forests
* State Parks
* Mine Reclamation
* Oil and Gas Conservation
* Program Support

For administrative support purposes only, the New Mexico Department of Game and Fish is attached to EMNRD.

### Renewable energy

The Energy Conservation and Management Division provides the Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Program of EMNRD. The Division oversee Statewide energy conservation efforts including the use of alternative fuels. These fuels include solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass resources. This is accomplished via partnerships with private businesses, higher education universities, and research laboratories to invest in clean energy.

The division serves as the United States Department of Energy state administering agency for federal energy grants.

### Forestry

The Healthy Forests Program is responsible for the protection of all state forests. The program is responsible for statewide fire management and suppression activities as well as overall tree health. The Program also oversee all forest restoration efforts.

### State parks

The State Parks Program oversees the operations of state parks across the State. These state parks are designed to protect and preserve the state's natural environment.

### Mining and minerals

The Mining and Minerals Division operates the Department's Mine Reclamation Program. The Division oversees all energy and non-energy mining operations in the state. This is accomplished by issuing permits to mining companies, inspecting mining operations, reclaiming abandoned mines, and education members of the public about mining. New Mexico heavily benefits from mined natural resources such as oil, copper, coal, petroleum, potash, molybdenum, uranium, gold, silver, and lead.

### Oil and gas

The Oil Conservation Division oversees all oil, gas, and geothermal drilling operations in the state. This is accomplished by issuing permits to drilling companies, inspecting drilling operations, protecting mineral rights, and preventing fresh water contamination.

The Division is composed of an Administrative and Records Bureau, a Fiscal Bureau, an Engineering and Geological Services Bureau, and Environmental Bureau, a Legal Bureau, and four District Offices.

### Program support

The Program Support Program provides centralized administrative and management support to all other aspects of the Department.

## Organization

The head of EMNRD is the cabinet secretary of energy, minerals and natural resources. The cabinet secretary is appointed by the governor of New Mexico, with the approval of the New Mexico Senate, and serves as a member of the Governor's Cabinet.

The Cabinet Secretary is assisted by a Deputy Secretary and six division directors. Each of the division directors is appointed by the cabinet secretary with the approval of the governor.

* Cabinet secretary - Melanie A. Kenderdine (Designate)
    + Deputy secretary - Ben Shelton (Acting)
        - Administrative Services Division - Matthew Lovato
        - State Parks Division - Tobey Velasquez
        - Forestry Division - Laura McCarthy
        - Energy Conservation and Management Division - Rebecca ('Puck') Stair
        - Mining and Minerals Division - Albert Chang
        - Oil Conservation Division - Gerasimos ('Gerry') Razatos (Acting)

## Budget and Personnel

| Division | Number of Employees | Budget (in millions) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Renewable Energy | 15 | $1.5 |
| Healthy Forests | 70 | $8.8 |
| State Parks | 300 | $32.6 |
| Mining and Minerals | 33 | $7.2 |
| Oil and Gas | 68 | $9.7 |
| Program Support | 49 | $5.8 |
| **Total** | **536** | **$65.5** |

## InfoBox

New Mexico Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources
| Great Seal of the State of New Mexico | |
| --- | --- |
| Agency overview | |
| Headquarters | 4491 Cerrillos Rd.<br>Santa Fe, New Mexico |
| Employees | 536 FTE (FY2011) |
| Annual budget | $65.5 million (FY2011) |
| Agency executives | * Melanie A. Kenderdine, Cabinet Secretary (designate) * Ben Shelton, Deputy Secretary (acting) |
| Website | www.emnrd.state.nm.us |


title: R. Guy Cowan

abstract: Reginald Guy Cowan was an American potter and designer. He founded Cowan Pottery and was a leading figure in the Cleveland School of artists.

text:
# R. Guy Cowan

**Reginald Guy Cowan** (August 1, 1884 – March 10, 1957) was an American potter and designer. He founded Cowan Pottery and was a leading figure in the Cleveland School of artists.

## InfoBox

| R. Guy Cowan | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | August 1, 1884
East Liverpool, Ohio, U.S. |
| Died | March 10, 1957 (1957-03-11) (aged 72)
Tucson, Arizona, U.S. |
| Education | New York State School of Clay-working and Ceramics at Alfred University |
| Known for | Potter, designer |


title: Oncidium pubes

abstract: Oncidium pubes is a species of orchid found from Colombia, southeastern and southern Brazil to northeastern Argentina.

text:
# Oncidium pubes

***Oncidium pubes*** is a species of orchid found from Colombia, southeastern and southern Brazil to northeastern Argentina.

## InfoBox

| *Oncidium pubes* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
| Genus: | *Oncidium* |
| Species: | ***O. pubes*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oncidium pubes***<br>Lindl. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Przedwojów

abstract: Przedwojów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kamienna Góra, within Kamienna Góra County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

text:
# Przedwojów

**Przedwojów** \[pʂɛdˈvɔjuf\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kamienna Góra, within Kamienna Góra County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

## InfoBox

| Przedwojów | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
|  | |
| Przedwojów | |
| Coordinates: 50°45′17″N 16°00′56″E / 50.75472°N 16.01556°E / 50.75472; 16.01556 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lower Silesian |
| County | Kamienna Góra |
| Gmina | Kamienna Góra |


title: 65th Filmfare Awards South

abstract: The 65th Filmfare Awards South ceremony honoring the winners and nominees of the best of South Indian cinema in 2017 was an event that was held on 16 June 2018 at Novotel and HICC Complex in Hyderabad. The nominations for all the main awards were announced on 4 June 2018.

text:
# 65th Filmfare Awards South

The **65th Filmfare Awards South** ceremony honoring the winners and nominees of the best of South Indian cinema in 2017 was an event that was held on 16 June 2018 at Novotel and HICC Complex in Hyderabad. The nominations for all the main awards were announced on 4 June 2018.

## List of nominees

### Main awards

#### Kannada cinema

| Best Film | Best Director |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |
| Best Actor | Best Actress |
|  |  |
| Best Supporting Actor | Best Supporting Actress |
|  |  |
| Best Music Director | Best Lyricist |
|  |  |
| Best Playback Singer – Male | Best Playback Singer – Female |
|  |  |
| Critics Best Actor | **Critics Best Actress** |
|  |  |

#### Malayalam cinema

| Best Film | Best Director |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |
| Best Actor | Best Actress |
|  |  |
| Best Supporting Actor | Best Supporting Actress |
|  |  |
| Best Music Director | Best Lyricist |
|  |  |
| Best Playback Singer – Male | Best Playback Singer – Female |
|  |  |
| Critics Best Actor | **Critics Best Actress** |
|  |  |

#### Tamil cinema

| Best Film | Best Director |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |
| Best Actor | Best Actress |
|  |  |
| Best Supporting Actor | Best Supporting Actress |
|  |  |
| Best Music Director | Best Lyricist |
|  |  |
| Best Playback Singer – Male | Best Playback Singer – Female |
|  |  |
| Critics Best Actor | **Critics Best Actress** |
|  |  |

#### Telugu cinema

| Best Film | Best Director |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |
| Best Actor | Best Actress |
|  |  |
| Best Supporting Actor | Best Supporting Actress |
|  |  |
| Best Music Director | Best Lyricist |
|  |  |
| Best Playback Singer – Male | Best Playback Singer – Female |
|  |  |
| Critics Best Actor | **Critics Best Actress** |
|  |  |

### Technical Awards

| Best Cinematographer | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| **Best Production Design** | |
|  | |
| Best Choreography | |
|  | |

### Special awards

| Lifetime Achievement | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Best Male Debut | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Best Female Debut | |
|  | |
|  | |

## Superlatives

### Multiple nominations

### Multiple awards

### General

### Specific

## InfoBox

| 65th Filmfare Awards South | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 16 June 2018 |
| Site | Hyderabad, Telangana, India |
| Hosted by | Rahul Ravindran
Sundeep Kishan |
| Produced by | Jio |
| Highlights | |
| Best Picture | *Ondu Motteya Kathe* (Kannada),
*Thondimuthalum Driksakshiyum* (Malayalam),
*Aramm* (Tamil),
*Baahubali: The Conclusion* (Telugu) |
| Most awards | *Baahubali: The Conclusion* (Telugu), 8 |
| Most nominations | *Baahubali: The Conclusion* (Telugu), 12 |
|


title: Peter Hargitai

abstract: Peter Hargitai is a poet, novelist, and translator of Hungarian literature.

text:
# Peter Hargitai

**Peter Hargitai** (born 1947 Budapest, Hungary) is a poet, novelist, and translator of Hungarian literature.

## Personal life and education

Hargitai was born in Budapest, Hungary. At the age of nine he wrote his first poem “Rebels” meant as a tribute to the failed 1956 Hungarian Revolution. After a daring escape, he arrived in America with his father, a royal judge before the Soviet occupation, his mother, and two brothers. Poems in his adopted language did not come until his university studies in Cleveland between 1965 and 1975 when he contributed occasional poems to the *Frigate* and the *Dark Tower*, two literary magazines connected with Cleveland State University. Hargitai was twenty when he married Dianne Kress; they have two children.

## Career and writings

In 1969, Hargitai started teaching English at St. Clement school in a Cleveland suburb, followed by assignments at St. Boniface, Mentor High, and two evenings a week at Telshe Yeshiva Rabbinical School. He founded the Poetry Forum Program after being awarded a grant from the Martha-Holden Jennings Foundation so local poets could work side by side with students, their combined efforts culminating in a regional collection with the title *Forum:Ten Poets of the Western Reserve* published in 1976. The collection which Hargitai edited with Lolette Kuby was introduced by Paul Engle and featured, among others, Robert Wallace, Alberta Turner, Hale Chatfield, Russell Atkins, and Grace Butcher, alongside student poets. Hargitai's passion for a literary career took a serious turn when he discovered and translated the poems of the modern Hungarian poet Attila József (1905-1937).

In 1978, Hargitai secured a position at the University of Miami teaching Composition and introductory courses in English and American literatures; the early 80's saw him turning his attention once again to Attila József, and he continued publishing individual poems although a collection did not come together until *Perched on Nothing's Branch,* released by Apalachee Press in 1987. The short volume won the Harold Morton Landon Translation Award from the Academy of American Poets. In her citation for the Academy in 1988, May Swenson praised the translations as “grim, bitter, iron-clad emerging technically strong and admirably contemporary in syntax.”

Hargitai's own poetry, having been intentionally placed on the back burner behind his translations, started to find a home in literary magazines like the California Quarterly in which his poem “Mother’s Visit No. 29” tied for third place.

While lecturing at the University of Miami, Hargitai took a fiction writing course from Isaac Bashevis Singer. The experience with the Nobel Laureate proved to be profound and genre changing; under Singer's tutelage, he became not only an enthusiastic student of short fiction but the Nobel Laureate's personal chauffeur from the Coral Gables campus to his Surfside condominium: Hargitai found himself drawn to the short story, and he started publishing his stories in respectable journals on both sides of the Atlantic. Hargitai re-enrolled in graduate school, receiving a Master of Fine Arts degree at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst.

In 1988 under a grant from the Fulbright-Hayes Foundation he was able to spend time in Hungary and Italy translating Antal Szerb’s 1937 novel *The Traveler and the Moonlight*. At the request of the author’s widow he did not publish his English version (*The Traveler*) until after her death in 1994. For this effort, the first translation in the English language, he was presented with the Füst Milán Award from the Hungarian Academy of Arts and Sciences.

After returning from Europe, Hargitai obtained a teaching position at Florida International University in Miami where he was to work until his retirement in 2012. While at FIU, he published a collection of original poems in *Mother Tongue: A Broken Hungarian Love Song*, a volume of short stories, *Budapest to Bellevue*, a collection of folk tales titled *Magyar Tales*, three novels (*Attila*, *Millie*, and *Daughter of the Revolution),* and a two volume textbook about the Hungarian exile experience.

Hargitai may have vacillated between prose and poetry, but he did not abandon poetry altogether, publishing *Witch's Island and Other Poems* in 2013. His signature poem, “Mother’s Visit No. 29” was included in the anthology *Sixty Years of American Poetry*, and his poem “Mother’s a Racist” won the 2009 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Poetry Prize. His translation of Attila József was listed by Yale critic Harold Bloom in his *The Western Canon: The Books and School of the Ages*. Hargitai was also a contributing writer to the anthology "Fodor's Budget Zion", a collection of poetry and prose. Peter Hargitai was appointed the first poet laureate of Gulfport, Florida in 2015.

## Awards

* 2015 Appointed first poet laureate of Gulfport, Florida
* 2009 City of Miami Gardens MLK Performance Poetry Competition (1st Place) Miami Gardens, Florida
* 2006 "Medal of Freedom" presented by the American Hungarian Federation in Washington, D.C.
* 2006 American Hungarian Federation Grant to write the novel Daughter of the Revolution in both English and Hungarian languages
* 1988 Academy of American Poets Harold Morton Landon Landon Translation Award
* 1988 Fulbright Grant, Hungary

## Publications

### Poetry

* *Witch's Island and Other Poems*. iUniverse, Incorporated. 2013. ISBN 978-1-4759-7458-4.
* *Budapest Tales: A Collection of Central European Contemporary Writing*. New Europe Writers. 2009. ISBN 978-83-923168-5-5.
* *The Quest for the Miracle Stag, Vol. II, poetry in translation*. University of Illinois Press. 2003. ISBN 963-210-814-0.
* *Mother Tongue*. iUniverse. 2003. ISBN 978-0-595-27302-7.
* *Having a Wonderful Time: An Anthology of South Florida Writers, pp. 184-187*. Simon and Schuster. 2003.
* *60 Years of American Poetry*. Abrams, Harry N., Inc. 1996. ISBN 0-8109-4464-2.
* *Forum: Ten Poets of the Western Reserve*. Mentor. 1978.

### Fiction

### Translations

### Non-fiction

## InfoBox

| Peter Hargitai | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 1947 (age 7677)<br>Budapest, Hungary |
| Occupation | * Poet * novelist * translator |
| Alma mater | University of Massachusetts Amherst |
| Notable awards | Harold Morton Landon Translation Award (1988) |
| Spouse | Dianne Kress |
| Children | 2 |


title: Monocymbium

abstract:
Monocymbium is a genus of African plants in the grass family.
  - Species
  - Monocymbium ceresiiforme (Nees) Stapf - widespread in sub-Saharan Africa from Liberia to Ethiopia to Cape Province
  - Monocymbium deightonii C.E.Hubb. - Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Liberia
  - Monocymbium lanceolatum C.E.Hubb. - Guinea, Sierra Leone

text:
# Monocymbium

***Monocymbium*** is a genus of African plants in the grass family.

Species

## InfoBox

| *Monocymbium* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Panicoideae |
| Supertribe: | Andropogonodae |
| Tribe: | Andropogoneae |
| Subtribe: | Andropogoninae |
| Genus: | *Monocymbium*
Stapf |
|
| Type species | |
| *Monocymbium ceresiiforme*
(Nees) Stapf | |


title: R Doradus

abstract: R Doradus is a red giant variable star in the far-southern constellation Dorado, close to the border with Reticulum. Its distance from Earth is 178 light-years. Having a uniform disk diameter of 57±5 mas, it is thought to be the extrasolar star with the largest apparent size as viewed from Earth.

text:
# R Doradus

**R Doradus** (**HD 29712** or **P Doradus**) is a red giant variable star in the far-southern constellation Dorado, close to the border with Reticulum. Its distance from Earth is 178 light-years (55 parsecs). Having a uniform disk diameter of 57±5 mas, it is thought to be the extrasolar star with the largest apparent size as viewed from Earth.

## Variability

The visible magnitude of R Doradus varies between 4.8 and 6.3, which means it is usually visible to the naked eye, but in the infrared it is one of the brightest stars in the sky. With a near-infrared J band magnitude of −2.65, only Betelgeuse and Antares at −2.9 and −2.73 (respectively) are brighter. In the infrared K band, it is sometimes the brightest star in the sky, although usually Betelgeuse is brighter.

It is classified as a semiregular variable star of type SRb, indicating giants with slow poorly-defined variations, often alternating between periodic and irregular brightness changes. Some studies show it alternating between periods of about 175 and 332 days, and a period of 117.3 days has also been identified. It has been likened to a Mira variable when its variations are relatively regular, although its amplitude of only 1.5 magnitudes is smaller than Mira variables. The star was discovered to be variable in 1874 by Benjamin Gould, and received the variable-star designation R Doradus.

## Angular diameter

The angular diameter of R Doradus is easily measured using interferometry. Its uniform disc diameter, the diameter when interpreted as a disc of uniform brightness, when viewed at 1.25 μm is 57±5 mas. When viewed at 2.3 μm and interpreted as a limb-darkened disc, the diameter is 51.18±2.24 mas.

The angular diameter of R Doradus is larger than any other measured star other than the Sun. The angular diameter of the next-largest star, Betelgeuse, is around 45 mas.

## Properties

The Hipparcos parallax of R Doradus is 18.31±0.99 mas, corresponding to a distance of 55±3 pc. The bolometric luminosity of R Doradus, derived from its bolometric flux at a distance of 55 pc, is 4,350±520 . The measured angular diameter, again assuming a distance of 55 pc gives a radius of 298±21 . The angular diameter and bolometric flux of R Doradus derive a cool surface effective temperature of 2,710±170 .

Comparison of its properties with theoretical evolutionary tracks gives an age of between 6 and 14 billion years. R Doradus has lost part of its mass during its evolution, and currently has a mass of either 0.7 or 1.0 M. Its initial mass would be either 1 or 1.25 M. Because of the enlarged surface and low mass, R Doradus has a surface gravity of only 0.026% that of Earth. It is on the asymptotic giant branch having exhausted helium at its core.

The radius of 298 R means that the diameter of R Doradus is 415 million km (2.77 AU). If placed at the centre of the Solar System, the perihelion of Mars would be within the star.

R Doradus has a projected equatorial rotation velocity of 1±0.1 km/s. It is calculated to take 57.5 years to rotate once on its axis.

Using ALMA facilities, researchers at Chalmers University, in July to August 2023, were able to record the movement of hot gas bubbles on the surface of the star. Such bubbles, witness of the convective activity linked to deep nuclear fusion, would have a life of about a month, and a size more than 75 times that of the Sun.

|  |
| --- |
| R Doradus figures almost at the western limit of Dorado, next to Reticulum (map to be held, as standard, upwards, with south horizon in front of viewer). Like Alpha Reticuli, which outshines it, it is a little south of a line between the bright stars Canopus and Achernar, as is the narrow kite-shaped asterism of Reticulum. |

1. van Leeuwen, F. (November 2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". *Astronomy and Astrophysics*. **474** (2): 653–664. arXiv:0708.1752. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. S2CID 18759600.
2. "VSX : Detail for R Dor". *www.aavso.org*. Retrieved 2024-06-04.
3. Finzi, A.; Wolf, R. A. (1967). "Type I Supernovae". *The Astrophysical Journal*. **150**: 115. Bibcode:1967ApJ...150..115F. doi:10.1086/149317.
4. Skrutskie, Michael F.; Cutri, Roc M.; Stiening, Rae; Weinberg, Martin D.; Schneider, Stephen E.; Carpenter, John M.; Beichman, Charles A.; Capps, Richard W.; Chester, Thomas; Elias, Jonathan H.; Huchra, John P.; Liebert, James W.; Lonsdale, Carol J.; Monet, David G.; Price, Stephan; Seitzer, Patrick; Jarrett, Thomas H.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gizis, John E.; Howard, Elizabeth V.; Evans, Tracey E.; Fowler, John W.; Fullmer, Linda; Hurt, Robert L.; Light, Robert M.; Kopan, Eugene L.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; McCallon, Howard L.; Tam, Robert; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Wheelock, Sherry L. (1 February 2006). "The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)". *The Astronomical Journal*. **131** (2): 1163–1183. Bibcode:2006AJ....131.1163S. doi:10.1086/498708. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 18913331.
5. "GCVS Query=R Dor". General Catalogue of Variable Stars @ Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow, Russia. Retrieved 2012-08-22.
6. Wilson, Ralph Elmer (1953). "General Catalogue of Stellar Radial Velocities". *Carnegie Institute Washington D.C. Publication*. Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington. Bibcode:1953GCRV..C......0W.
7. Ohnaka, Keiichi; Weigelt, Gerd; Hofmann, Karl-Heinz (2019). "Infrared Interferometric Three-dimensional Diagnosis of the Atmospheric Dynamics of the AGB Star R Dor with VLTI/AMBER". *The Astrophysical Journal*. **883** (1): 89. arXiv:1908.06997. Bibcode:2019ApJ...883...89O. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab3d2a. S2CID 201103617.
8. Vlemmings, W. H. T.; Khouri, T.; De Beck, E.; Olofsson, H.; García-Segura, G.; Villaver, E.; Baudry, A.; Humphreys, E. M. L.; Maercker, M.; Ramstedt, S. (2018). "Rotation of the asymptotic giant branch star R Doradus". *Astronomy and Astrophysics*. **613**: L4. arXiv:1804.04709. Bibcode:2018A&A...613L...4V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201832929. S2CID 52088412.
9. "\* P Dor". *SIMBAD*. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2015-03-05.
10. Bedding, T. R.; Zijlstra, Albert A.; Jones, A.; Foster, G. (December 1998). "Mode switching in the nearby Mira-like variable R Doradus". *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*. **301** (4): 1073–1082. arXiv:astro-ph/9808322. Bibcode:1998MNRAS.301.1073B. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.02069.x. S2CID 15358667.
11. "Simbad object query:Jmag \<−2 & Vmag \>−9". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Retrieved 2012-08-22.
12. Wing, Robert F. (1971). "The Spectral Type and Infrared Brightness of R Doradus". *Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific*. **83** (493): 301. Bibcode:1971PASP...83..301W. doi:10.1086/129124.
13. Tabur, V.; Bedding, T. R.; Kiss, L. L.; Moon, T. T.; Szeidl, B.; Kjeldsen, H. (2009). "Long-term photometry and periods for 261 nearby pulsating M giants". *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*. **400** (4): 1945. arXiv:0908.3228. Bibcode:2009MNRAS.400.1945T. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15588.x. S2CID 15358380.
14. Bedding, T. R.; Zijlstra, Albert A.; Jones, A.; Foster, G. (1998). "Mode switching in the nearby Mira-like variable R Doradus". *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*. **301** (4): 1073–1082. arXiv:astro-ph/9808322. Bibcode:1998MNRAS.301.1073B. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.02069.x. S2CID 15358667.
15. Bedding, T. R.; et al. (April 1997). "The angular diameter of R Doradus: a nearby Mira-like star". *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*. **286** (4): 957–962. arXiv:astro-ph/9701021. Bibcode:1997MNRAS.286..957B. doi:10.1093/mnras/286.4.957. S2CID 15438522.
16. Vlemmings, Wouter; Khouri, Theo; Bojnordi Arbab, Behzad; Ferreira, Bárbara (11 September 2024). "Astronomers track bubbles on star's surface in most detailed video yet". ESO. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
17. Vlemmings, W.; Khouri, T.; Bojnordi Arbab, B.; De Beck, E.; Maercker, M. (September 2024). "One month convection timescale on the surface of a giant evolved star". *Nature*. **633**: 323–326. arXiv:2409.06785. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07836-9.

## InfoBox

R Doradus
|
Resolved images of R Doradus from ALMA | |
| --- | --- |
| Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000 | |
| Constellation | Dorado |
|
| Right ascension | 04h 36m 45.59127s |
| Declination | −62° 04 37.7974 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 4.78  6.32 |
| Characteristics | |
| Evolutionary stage | AGB |
| Spectral type | M8III:e |
| Apparent magnitude () | −2.6 |
| Apparent magnitude () | −4.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| U−B color index | +0.86 |
| B−V color index | +1.58 |
|
|
|
|
| Variable type | SRb |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Astrometry | |
|  | |
| **Radial velocity (Rv)** | +26.1 km/s |
| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: −69.36 mas/yr
Dec.: −75.78 mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 18.31 ± 0.99 mas |
| **Distance** | 178 ± 10 ly
(55 ± 3 pc) |
| **Absolute magnitude (MV)** | 1.61 / 1.90 |
|  | |
| Details | |
|  | |
| **Mass** | 0.7–1.0 |
| **Radius** | 298±21 |
| **Luminosity** | 4,350±520 |
| **Surface gravity (log *g*)** | −0.6±0.1 cgs |
| **Temperature** | 2,710±70 |
| **Metallicity** | 0.0 |
| **Rotation** | 57.5 years |
| **Rotational velocity (*v* sin *i*)** | 1±0.1 km/s |
| **Age** | 6–14 Gyr |
|  | |
| Other designations | |
| Dor,  Dor, AAVSO 0435-62, CCDM J04368-6205A CD−62°175, CPC 20.1 1002, CPD−62°372, GCRV 2726, GSC 08880-01071, HD 29712, HIC 21479, HIP 21479, HR 1492, 2MASS J04364544-6204379, PPM 354226, SAO 249066, WDS J04368-6205A | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |


title: RAF Maghaberry

abstract: Royal Air Force Maghaberry, or more simply RAF Maghaberry, is a former Royal Air Force satellite airfield located north of Maghaberry, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. The site of former RAF Maghaberry was transformed into HM Prison Maghaberry.

text:
# RAF Maghaberry

**Royal Air Force Maghaberry**, or more simply **RAF Maghaberry**, is a former Royal Air Force satellite airfield located north of Maghaberry, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. The site of former RAF Maghaberry was transformed into HM Prison Maghaberry.

## History

The following units were here at some point:

USAAF * 311th Ferry Squadron
* 312th Ferry Squadron
* 321st Air Transport Squadron
* 325th Ferry Squadron

### Citations

### Bibliography

* Sturtivant, R; Hamlin, J; Halley, J (1997). *Royal Air Force flying training and support units*. UK: Air-Britain (Historians). ISBN 0-85130-252-1.

## InfoBox

| RAF Maghaberry
No. 101 Storage Sub-Site | |
| --- | --- |
| Maghaberry, County Antrim in Northern Ireland | |
| RAF Maghaberry on a target dossier of the German Luftwaffe, 1941 | |
| RAF MaghaberryShown within Northern IrelandRAF MaghaberryRAF Maghaberry (the United Kingdom) | |
| Coordinates | 54°30′56″N 6°10′49″W / 54.51556°N 6.18028°W / 54.51556; -6.18028 |
| Type | Satellite Station |
| Site information | |
| Owner | Air Ministry |
| Operator | Royal Air Force
United States Army Air Forces |
| Controlled by | RAF Flying Training Command |
| Site history | |
| Built | 1940 (1940)-41 |
| In use | 1941-1950 (1950) |
| Battles/wars | European theatre of World War II |


title: News at 11 (album)

abstract: News at 11 is the fourteenth studio album by Cat System Corp., the alias of Dutch electronic musician Jornt Elzinga. Released on September 11, 2016, it samples smooth jazz songs and excerpts from TV talk shows and commercials as a tribute to the victims of the September 11 attacks. Inspired by a vaporwave mix featuring a picture of the burning Twin Towers, Elzinga produced News at 11 as a portrayal of "a parallel universe where it never happened." Initially intended to be a Weather Channel-themed release, the album was produced over the course of nine months, and drew comparisons to the themes of author Ottessa Moshfegh's My Year of Rest and Relaxation (2018). Although the first 9 tracks sample both TV recordings and songs, the latter 11 draw primarily from the Weather Channel transmissions. News at 11 reflects September 11 as a normal day, in a timeline where the towers "proudly stand still." Several elements are named in reference to 9/11, such as the track "8:46 AM" being named after the time when Flight 11 hit the North Tower, and the artwork cover showing the American flag as seen through a plane window. In February 2020, Elzinga released the album on vinyl featuring two bonus tracks, and in September 2021, partnered with filmmaker Indy Advant to create the visual album Liberty Edition. The record received positive critical and public reviews upon release. Some fans found the album to accurately represent vaporwave's "last breaths" before the fall of the Twin Towers, while critics commented on its reflection of a lost vision of the future as remarkable. News at 11 is the all-time best-selling mallsoft release on Bandcamp, and is often listed as one of Elzinga's most important releases. Its cassette issue also became one of the most demanded releases of the website.

text:
# News at 11 (album)

***News at 11*** is the fourteenth studio album by Cat System Corp., the alias of Dutch electronic musician Jornt Elzinga. Released on September 11, 2016, it samples smooth jazz songs and excerpts from TV talk shows and commercials as a tribute to the victims of the September 11 attacks. Inspired by a vaporwave mix featuring a picture of the burning Twin Towers, Elzinga produced *News at 11* as a portrayal of "a parallel universe where it never happened." Initially intended to be a Weather Channel-themed release, the album was produced over the course of nine months, and drew comparisons to the themes of author Ottessa Moshfegh's *My Year of Rest and Relaxation* (2018).

Although the first 9 tracks sample both TV recordings and songs, the latter 11 draw primarily from the Weather Channel transmissions. *News at 11* reflects September 11 as a normal day, in a timeline where the towers "proudly stand still." Several elements are named in reference to 9/11, such as the track "8:46 AM" being named after the time when Flight 11 hit the North Tower, and the artwork cover showing the American flag as seen through a plane window. In February 2020, Elzinga released the album on vinyl featuring two bonus tracks, and in September 2021, partnered with filmmaker Indy Advant to create the visual album *Liberty Edition*.

The record received positive critical and public reviews upon release. Some fans found the album to accurately represent vaporwave's "last breaths" before the fall of the Twin Towers, while critics commented on its reflection of a lost vision of the future as remarkable. *News at 11* is the all-time best-selling mallsoft release on Bandcamp, and is often listed as one of Elzinga's most important releases. Its cassette issue also became one of the most demanded releases of the website.

## Background

In 2013, Dutch electronic musician Jornt Elzinga began releasing music under the alias Cat System Corp., from which he received acclaim for his vaporwave projects. Elzinga had drawn inspiration from the pop culture and hyperconsumerism of the 1990s, as heard on his 2014 albums *Hiraeth* and *Palm Mall*. His first releases featured a style from before the September 11 attacks that would later be the main focus of *News at 11*. Through 2014 and 2015, Elzinga collaborated with several prominent vaporwave musicians, including Telepath, Donovan Hikiru, and Luxury Elite. By 2016, Elzinga further explored the ambiance of the pre-9/11 era in *Class of '84* (2016), a release partly inspired by 1980s media such as *Saved by the Bell*.

Before the release of *News at 11*, YouTube user Wav Flv released *Reptilian TV*, a vaporwave mix featuring an image of the Twin Towers on fire. Although the original video was later deleted, another user re-uploaded it, where Elzinga commented, "Indeed this was the inspiration for *News at 11*, or at least started the spark of the flame it would become." He had previously revealed his inspiration for *News at 11* on the comment section of its unofficial upload by electronic music channel Vapor Memory; responding to a commenter's mention of the mix, Elzinga said, "that's what inspired me in the first place".

## Music and themes

> "This is the sound of ghosts, not of those who died, but of the culture that died with them. 'Album belongs in a museum', one comment reads, but this album *is* a museum, recording a world that might never actually have existed."

— Roisin Kiberd

Tracks 1–9, which sample TV broadcasts from the morning of the attacks, present song titles referencing American television and elements of 9/11, which serve as a tribute to the victims of the attacks. *Bandcamp Daily* writer Simon Chandler suggested that, as Elzinga's music portrays days of innocence, *News at 11* is a release that "finds him trying to reclaim them." Tracks 10–20 focus on reverberated Weather Channel samples, a theme previously explored on Elzinga's *Sunday Television* (2016). Pad Chennington, a prominent vaporwave artist/reviewer, observed *News at 11* as an attempt at emulating a pre-9/11 society, while author James Mahood wrote that the album shows vaporwave as a genre with hauntological capabilities.

The record's exploration of 9/11 was compared by author Roisin Kiberd to Ottessa Moshfegh's 2018 novel *My Year of Rest and Relaxation*; both explore their subjects' unawareness of the attacks, though *News at 11* portrays September 11 as a trivial day in itself. In an interview with Tony Vesalainen, owner of vaporwave record label Cityman Productions, Elzinga said the album represents his attempts at reexperiencing his childhood's peace as an adult. The record is also tied with concepts of capitalism; Kiberd expressed his feelings on *News at 11* as "history being flattened, decontextualised and defanged", while Vesalainen felt surprised for the music's calm nature in spite of its themes around an event that shaped contemporaneous American society. In an interview with Elzinga, Japanese author Satoshi Kizawa mentions elevator music as an integral part of the nostalgia-evoking elements found in *News at 11*. Certain artists and groups are sampled multiple times, including the Rippingtons and Eric Marienthal. In an interview with *Tabi Labo*, Elzinga mentioned the record as his own form of escapism.

The opener, "'Goodmorning America!'", abruptly cuts the show's anchor Diane Sawyer as she says the week and month day that the event occurred. The third track, "8:46 AM", presents slowed down drums, a saxophone described by Kiberd as a "death march", and a piano labeled "oppressive" by the author as a WUSA presenter says, "it's kind of quiet around the country." Track 7, "Financial News", features a *CNN Daybreak* anchor's news about the stock markets of Nokia and Motorola, which according to Kiberd, ties in with memories of that era's technological advancements. "Tuesday Television" ends with Richard Hack, the author of a book on Howard Hughes, calling Hughes "the most amazing man that America has ever created"; in the original broadcast, the presenter gives the breaking news of 9/11, while the album cuts to "Evening Traffic" and ends tracks 1–9. Describing the Weather Channel portion of the record, Kiberd related the repeated use of the sentence "The extended forecast" to the album's constant postponing of tragedy: "We're near the end now, but the weather's not over yet."

### Artwork and production

Elzinga worked on the album for nine months; at one point, he had a five-hour-long playlist of Weather Channel music, and felt sorry for his girlfriend who listened to it with him while he drove her to places. The artwork features a windy American flag seen through what is determined to be the old logo of the Weather Channel. Vesalainen interpreted it as a CRT TV screen, giving the idea of millions of people watching the attacks on their TVs. He felt the artwork and music were partly contradictory, as the artwork demonstrates aspects of the event explicitly while the music features calm jazz and Weather Channel samples.

## Release and promotion

Elzinga initially thought of *News at 11* as "a soundtrack for driving to work in the morning". He chose specific tracks he found good enough to be used in a future album, and "took the concept further" by producing a new album tied with the events of the September 11 attacks; he said, "The music in communication with 'ancient' news clips and commercials transports you right back to 2001."

The album was released on September 11, 2016, in the 15-year anniversary of the attacks. Its vinyl and cassette issues were released in February 2020 by independent record labels Geometric Lullaby and Lost Angles, respectively. On September 10, 2021, the day before 9/11's 20th anniversary, Elzinga released the VHS video album *News at 11: Liberty Edition* issued by label Utopia District, featuring visuals by film maker CCTV for all original tracks.

## Reception and legacy

*News at 11* received positive reviews from critics upon release, with Simon Chandler opining that Elzinga's "attempt at 'suspended animation,' at freezing history just before a cataclysmic moment" is one of the elements that add emotional weight to the album. Its Lost Angles cassette issue is one of the most demanded physical products in vaporwave community, while its remastered edition is the best-selling mallsoft album of all time on Bandcamp. Elzinga said *News at 11*, along with other albums of his discography, surprised him for their success, stating, "and here we are doing interviews."

The album's tracks were praised for their subtlety and handling of their themes. Tony Vesalainen described *News at 11* as a kind of therapy for those affected by the attacks, and Roisin Kiberd opined of the album as creating "a sense of oncoming revelation", which he said is comparable to "certain drugs". James Mahood, highlighting a YouTube comment, exposed an opinion that 9/11 was the fall of "the not yet born vaporwave culture". Mahood expressed that the pre-9/11 era can only be experienced through media, stating, "*News at 11* typifies the entire aesthetic of vaporwave". Pad Chennington, a prominent vaporwave musician and reviewer whose uncle died in the attacks, characterised the album as letting the listener peacefully "travel through that day", and praised the album's exclusion of 9/11 conspiracy theories. Satoshi Kizawa described the record's aspects as implying that a more optimistic vision of the future was lost after 9/11, concluding that *News at 11* represents the ghost of that lost future.

## Track listing

Adapted from Bandcamp. For tracks 1–9 and 14, bold text highlights the song used; all news broadcasts are from the morning of September 11, 2001. Two additional songs, "New Amsterdam" and "Uptown Algonquin", were added in a 2020 remaster.

*News at 11* track listing
| No. | Title | Sample(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "'Goodmorning America!'" | ABC at 7:01 AM (0:00–0:04)
**"One Ocean Way" by the Rippingtons** (0:04–2:29) | 2:29 |
| 2. | "Morning Commute" | CNN at 8:00 AM (0:00–0:08)
**"If She Feels That Way" by Richard Tyznik** (0:06–2:36) | 2:36 |
| 3. | "8:46 AM" | **"A Very Special Place" by Torcuato Mariano** (0:00–3:51)
WUSA at 8:31 AM (0:21–0:26) | 3:51 |
| 4. | "Downtown" | NBC at 8:31 AM (0:00–0:22)
**"Roadrunner" by Boney James** (0:12–2:59) | 2:59 |
| 5. | "Channel 4" | NBC at 8:42 AM (0:00–0:08)
**"Wednesday's Child" by the Rippingtons** (0:09–3:22) | 3:22 |
| 6. | "Heli Tours" | **"Mr. Cool" by the Crusaders** (0:00–2:11)
WUSA at 8:31 AM (2:08–2:16) | 2:16 |
| 7. | "Financial News" | NBC at 8:51 AM (0:00–1:41)
NBC at 8:32 AM (1:41–2:10)
**"Both Sides" by Roger Smith** (2:11–4:56)
CNN at 8:47 AM (4:57–6:43) | 6:43 |
| 8. | "Tuesday Television" | **"Divided Soul" by Jim Horn** (0:00–5:51)
NBC at 8:50 AM (5:51–7:24) | 7:24 |
| 9. | "Evening Traffic" | **"Where Are You Now" by Dan Siegel** | 3:46 |
| 10. | "THE WEATHER CHANNEL 1" | "Love's the Reason" by 3rd Force | 6:22 |
| 11. | "THE WEATHER CHANNEL 2" | "Backtalk" by Eric Marienthal | 3:27 |
| 12. | "THE WEATHER CHANNEL 3" | "Nocturnal Playground" by Russ Freeman | 1:45 |
| 13. | "THE WEATHER CHANNEL 4" | "Ready for Love" by 3rd Force | 4:16 |
| 14. | "THE WEATHER CHANNEL 5" | **"Who's Holding Her Now" by the Rippingtons** (0:00–2:18)
"Seguaro" by David Lanz and Paul Speer (2:26–2:29) | 2:29 |
| 15. | "THE WEATHER CHANNEL 6" | "Midnight Motion" by Kenny G | 3:22 |
| 16. | "THE WEATHER CHANNEL 7" | "Where It All Begins" by 3rd Force | 2:00 |
| 17. | "THE WEATHER CHANNEL 8" | "Waiting" by Cliff Sarde | 2:13 |
| 18. | "THE WEATHER CHANNEL 9" | "Full Circle" by 3rd Force | 5:22 |
| 19. | "THE WEATHER CHANNEL 10" | "Westland" by Eric Marienthal | 2:32 |
| 20. | "THE WEATHER CHANNEL 11" | "Club Catamaran" by Network Music Ensemble | 1:46 |
| Total length: | | | 1:11:09 |

## Personnel

Credits adapted from Bandcamp.

September 11 attacks:

1. *News at 11* cassette j-card.
2. Chandler, Simon (8 March 2017). "The Mall, Nostalgia, and the Loss of Innocence: An Interview With 猫 シ Corp". *Bandcamp Daily*. Archived from the original on 3 March 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
3. Vesalainen, Tony (1 January 2019). "Long live vaporwave! : kapitalismi- ja yhteiskuntakritiikki vaporwave-estetiikassa" \[Long live vaporwave! : a critique of capitalism and society in vaporwave aesthetics\] (in Finnish). Theseus. p. 27, 28. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
4. Platinum Tester (21 May 2017). "ＲＥＰＴＩＬＩＡＮ ＴＶ (Vaporwave Mix) \[Re-Upload\]". sec. comments. Archived from the original on 4 June 2017. Retrieved 21 May 2022  via YouTube.
5. "inspiration". 22 May 2017. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2022  via ImgBB.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
6. Kiberd, Roisin (4 March 2021). *The Disconnect: A Personal Journey Through the Internet*. Profile. sec. 4. 猫 シ Corp., *News at 11*. ISBN 9781782837312.
7. Vapor Memory (9 December 2016). "猫 シ Corp. : *NEWS AT 11*". sec. Music in this video. Archived from the original on 19 July 2017. Retrieved 21 May 2022  via YouTube.
8. 猫 シ Corp. (11 September 2016). "*NEWS AT 11*". Information from Across the Nation. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 15 April 2022  via Bandcamp.
9. Mahood, Max Alexander James (11 December 2018). "Palm Trees, Xanax, and Dank Memes: Vaporwave's Nostalgia Play" (PDF). Macquarie University. p. 34, 41. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
10. Kizawa, Satoshi (7 February 2019). "ミレニアル世代を魅了する奇妙な音楽「ヴェイパーウェイブ」とは何か" \[What is the strange music "Vaporwave" that fascinates millennials?\]. *Gendai* (in Japanese). p. 2. Archived from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
11. Ogawa, Shingo (31 August 2018). "#2 ノスタルジックな過去への逃避とは？――猫シCorp.インタビュー" \[What is an escape to the nostalgic past? -- 猫 シ Corp. Interview\]. *Tabi Labo* (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 15 January 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
12. Chennington, Pad (17 January 2018). "CHILLIN' IN THE PAD (Episode #001) - 猫 シ Corp. (Part 1)". 15:05. Archived from the original on 13 May 2019. Retrieved 12 April 2022  via YouTube.
13. 猫 シ Corp. (17 February 2020). "NEWS AT 11 \[Remastered\]". Geometric Lullaby. no. 7, 11. Archived from the original on 17 February 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2022  via Bandcamp.
14. 猫 シ Corp. (29 February 2020). "NEWS AT 11". Lost Angles. Archived from the original on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2022  via Bandcamp.
15. 猫 シ Corp. (9 September 2021). "NEWS AT 11 - LIBERTY EDITION". Utopia District. Archived from the original on 15 April 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2022  via Bandcamp.
16. Staff (21 October 2021). "Tape Label Report: October 2021". *Bandcamp Daily*. sec. Lost Angles. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
17. "*mallsoft*". sec. all-time best selling mallsoft. Archived from the original on 12 May 2013. Retrieved 16 April 2022  via Bandcamp.
18. Chennington, Pad (27 February 2019). "The Tragic Side Of Vaporwave". 3:19. Archived from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2022  via YouTube.
19. "New Amsterdam (Bonus), by 猫 シ Corp". *Geometric Lullaby*. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
20. "Uptown Algonquin (Bonus), by 猫 シ Corp". *Geometric Lullaby*. Retrieved 16 September 2024.

## InfoBox

| News at 11 | |
| --- | --- |
| Original artwork | |
| Studio album by Cat System Corp. | |
| Released | September 11, 2016 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 71:09 |
| Label | * Geometric Lullaby * Lost Angles * Utopia District |
| Director | CCTV |
| Producer | Jornt Elzinga |
| Cat System Corp. chronology | |
| *Sunday Television*
(2016) ***News at 11***
(2016) *Luxury Girls*
(2017) | |
|  | |
| Alternative cover | |
|  | |
| Lost Angles cassette artwork | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Qutapata (Murillo)

abstract: Qutapata is a 5,288-metre-high (17,349 ft) mountain in the Cordillera Real in the Bolivian Andes. It is situated in the La Paz Department, Murillo Province, La Paz Municipality, near the border with the Sud Yungas Province, Yanacachi Municipality. Qutapata lies south-west of the mountain Sirk'i Qullu, west of the mountain Jathi Qullu and south of the lake Sirk'i Quta. The river Jathi Jawira (Hati Jahuira) originates between Jathi Qullu and Qutapata. It flows to the Pallquma River (Palcoma) in the south-west. Pallquma River is an affluent of Irpawi River (Irpavi), a tributary of the Choqueyapu River.

text:
# Qutapata (Murillo)

**Qutapata** (Aymara *quta* lake, *pata* step, also spelled *Khotapata*) is a 5,288-metre-high (17,349 ft) mountain in the Cordillera Real in the Bolivian Andes. It is situated in the La Paz Department, Murillo Province, La Paz Municipality, near the border with the Sud Yungas Province, Yanacachi Municipality. Qutapata lies south-west of the mountain Sirk'i Qullu, west of the mountain Jathi Qullu and south of the lake Sirk'i Quta.

The river Jathi Jawira *(Hati Jahuira)* originates between Jathi Qullu and Qutapata. It flows to the Pallquma River *(Palcoma)* in the south-west. Pallquma River is an affluent of Irpawi River *(Irpavi)*, a tributary of the Choqueyapu River.

## InfoBox

| Qutapata | |
| --- | --- |
| QutapataBolivia
La Paz Department, Murillo Province, La Paz Municipality | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 5,288 m (17,349 ft) |
| Coordinates | 16°25′46″S 67°58′18″W / 16.42944°S 67.97167°W / -16.42944; -67.97167 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Bolivia
La Paz Department, Murillo Province, La Paz Municipality |
| Parent range | Andes, Cordillera Real |


title: Omallur

abstract: Omallur is a small town in Kerala, about 3.5 km south of Pathanamthitta District headquarters. Omallur is famous for Vayal Vanibham, which is an annual farming fair held in the month of Meenam (October). People from both within and outside the town participate in the fair.

text:
# Omallur

**Omallur** is a small town in Kerala, about 3.5 km south of Pathanamthitta District headquarters. Omallur is famous for *Vayal Vanibham,* which is an annual farming fair held in the month of Meenam (October). People from both within and outside the town participate in the fair.

## Demographics

Various sections of Christianity and Hinduism coexist; the Nairs, Ezhavas, Viswakarmas Veerashaivas and the Scheduled Class & Tribes constitute the major sections of the Hindu religion.

## Festivals

Temple festivals (Utsavam) and Church feasts (Palliperunal) are celebrated as village festivals. There are many historically important places of worship in Omalloor. The Rektha Kanda Swamy Temple is a grand temple situated in Omalloor, which dates back to the 8th century AD, is famous for its 10-day annual festival (utsavam). It is also a main pilgrim center for Sabarimala pilgrims. The St. Thomas Orthodox Valiya Palli (church) is another major place of worship for Christians. Manjanikkara Dayara is famous for its pilgrimage importance. Every year thousands of pilgrims come by foot to the tomb of Holy Patriarch Ignatius Elias III at Manjanikkara. St. Peter's Jacobite church, St. Stephen's Jacobite Church, St. Thomas Malankara Catholic Church, Puthenpeedika, St. Peter's Malankara Catholic Church, Cheekanal and St. Thomas Mar Thoma Church, Cheekanal are some other important places worship at Omalloor. Mathoor Kaavu Bhagavathi Temple, situated on the banks of Achenkovil river, is a famous Hindu temple. The River Achankovil marks the eastern border of the Omalloor Panchayat. The Thazhoor Bhagavati Temple, famous for the annual Padayani rituals during the Malayalam month of Kumbham is located on the banks of the River Achankovil.

## Schools

There are quite a few education institutions as Omallur is very close to Pathanamthitta town. These include Amrita Vidyalayam, Catholicate Higher Secondary School, Bhavan's Vidya Mandir and Arya Bharati High School. Aarsha Bharatha Vidyalaya is a prominent school in Omallur with classes from pre-KG to 7th grade. Government Higher Secondary School Omallur founded in 1805, offer education till grade 12.

## Demographics

As per the 2011 Census of India, Omalloor had a population of 17611 with 8189 males and 9412 females.

Like many other communities in central Kerala, Omallur has a relatively high proportion of working age adults. Non-resident Indians (NRIs) amount to 35% of cash flow . There are a number of small family-owned retail shops, and rubber plantations etc.

## Noted Personalities

## InfoBox

| Omalloor Omalloor | |
| --- | --- |
| town | |
| The main Omallur mansion or tharavadu | |
| Coordinates: 9°14′48.3″N 76°45′3.47″E / 9.246750°N 76.7509639°E / 9.246750; 76.7509639 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Kerala |
| District | Pathanamthitta |
| Area | |
| Total | 14.54 km2 (5.61 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 17,611 |
| Density | 1,200/km2 (3,100/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| Official | Malayalam, English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 689647 |
| Telephone code | 0468 |
| Vehicle registration | KL-03 |


title: Przeginia, Lesser Poland Voivodeship

abstract: Przeginia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jerzmanowice-Przeginia, within Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-west of Jerzmanowice and 27 km (17 mi) north-west of the regional capital Kraków.

text:
# Przeginia, Lesser Poland Voivodeship

**Przeginia** \[pʂɛˈɡiɲa\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jerzmanowice-Przeginia, within Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-west of Jerzmanowice and 27 km (17 mi) north-west of the regional capital Kraków.

## InfoBox

| Przeginia | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Church of the Holy Savior | |
| Przeginia | |
| Coordinates: 50°15′N 19°43′E / 50.250°N 19.717°E / 50.250; 19.717 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lesser Poland |
| County | Kraków |
| Gmina | Jerzmanowice-Przeginia |


title: Ivan Vasilievich (play)

abstract: Ivan Vasilievich is a play by Mikhail Bulgakov, written in the Soviet Union from 1934 until 1936. Performance of the play was forbidden upon its completion, and it was not published until 1965, after Bulgakov's death. The action takes place in Moscow, where a malfunctioning time machine sends apartment building superintendent Ivan Vasilievich Bunsha-Koretskiy to the 16th century and brings tsar Ivan the Terrible into the 20th century. The title is a reference to the fact that Ivan the Terrible shares the patronymic Vasilievich with the superintendent. In comparing the tsar's authority with that of a Soviet official, the play satirizes similarities between the Soviet Union and Russian Tsardom, as well as Joseph Stalin's rehabilitation of Ivan the Terrible. The play was adapted into the 1973 film Ivan Vasilievich: Back to the Future by Soviet director Leonid Gaidai, starring Yury Yakovlev as both the superintendent and the tsar. Aleksandr Demyanenko played the scientist responsible for the time machine, linking the adaptation to Gaidai's other movies starring Demyanenko as the character Shurik.

text:
# Ivan Vasilievich (play)

***Ivan Vasilievich*** is a play by Mikhail Bulgakov, written in the Soviet Union from 1934 until 1936. Performance of the play was forbidden upon its completion, and it was not published until 1965, after Bulgakov's death.

The action takes place in Moscow, where a malfunctioning time machine sends apartment building superintendent Ivan Vasilievich Bunsha-Koretskiy to the 16th century and brings tsar Ivan the Terrible into the 20th century. The title is a reference to the fact that Ivan the Terrible shares the patronymic Vasilievich with the superintendent. In comparing the tsar's authority with that of a Soviet official, the play satirizes similarities between the Soviet Union and Russian Tsardom, as well as Joseph Stalin's rehabilitation of Ivan the Terrible.

The play was adapted into the 1973 film *Ivan Vasilievich: Back to the Future* by Soviet director Leonid Gaidai, starring Yury Yakovlev as both the superintendent and the tsar. Aleksandr Demyanenko played the scientist responsible for the time machine, linking the adaptation to Gaidai's other movies starring Demyanenko as the character Shurik.

## InfoBox

| Ivan Vasilievich | |
| --- | --- |
| Written by | Mikhail Bulgakov |
| Characters |  |
| Original language | Russian |
| Genre | Farce |
| Setting | Moscow |


title: Peter Helm

abstract: Peter John Helm Jr. is a Canadian-American film and television actor.

text:
# Peter Helm

**Peter John Helm Jr.** (born December 22, 1941) is a Canadian-American film and television actor.

## Career

Helm was born in Toronto, Ontario. Helm began his acting career in 1959, appearing in the television sitcom *Too Young to Go Steady*. In 1960 he appeared in the Broadway play *There Was a Little Girl*. He guest-starred in television programs including *Rawhide*, *The Farmer's Daughter*, *Ironside*, *Wagon Train*, *Mr. Novak*, *Tales of Wells Fargo*, *Naked City*, *The Donna Reed Show*, *Bonanza*, *Dr. Kildare*, *My Three Sons*, *Perry Mason*, *Kraft Suspense Theatre*, and *The Fugitive*. Helm's film appearances included *The Longest Day*, *Inside Daisy Clover*, and *The Andromeda Strain*.

## InfoBox

| Peter Helm | |
| --- | --- |
| Helm (right) with Maggie Pierce in *Wagon Train*, 1962 | |
| Born | Peter John Helm Jr.
(1941-12-22) December 22, 1941
Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
| Occupation(s) | Film and television actor |
| Years active | 1959–1971 |
| Spouse | Brooke Bundy  (m. 1962; div. 1966) |
| Children | Tiffany Helm |
| Family | Anne Helm (sister) |


title: Monoculture (popular culture)

abstract: The monoculture is a concept in popular culture studies in which facets of popular culture are experienced by everyone at once, either globally or nationally. Critics such as Robert Christgau and Chuck Klosterman have posited that the monoculture existed from the 1960s to the 1990s and early 2000s but had ended by the 21st century, mainly toward the end of the 2010s, due to the rise of streaming media and the fracturing of popular culture. Other critics, like Linda Holmes and Steven Hyden, have suggested that the concept of the monoculture is a myth.

text:
# Monoculture (popular culture)

The **monoculture** (also called **global monoculture**) is a concept in popular culture studies in which facets of popular culture are experienced by everyone at once, either globally or nationally. Critics such as Robert Christgau and Chuck Klosterman have posited that the monoculture existed from the 1960s to the 1990s and early 2000s but had ended by the 21st century, mainly toward the end of the 2010s, due to the rise of streaming media and the fracturing of popular culture. Other critics, like Linda Holmes and Steven Hyden, have suggested that the concept of the monoculture is a myth.

## Definition

The monoculture has been defined as the sociological concept of a unifying and shared cultural experience among the global or national masses, such as through listening to the same songs on the radio, watching the same films or television series on the same channels, or purchasing mass market goods. It is typically economically motivated; based around blockbuster films, albums, or television series; and largely based on Western popular culture. Music critic Robert Christgau described it as being hegemonic and "show\[ing\] a certain amount of instinctive, intuitive, reflective influence of its creation". For *Vox*, Kyle Chayka described it as representing both a "monolithic culture" and a "monotonous culture" and wrote that it is "a subjective, shifting frame of reference, not a default reality".

## History

### 1960s to 2000s

According to Chayka, the time during which the monoculture existed is "ill-defined" and spans from *The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson* to *Seinfeld*, *Friends*, and *The Office*, but that broadcast TV allowed for viewers to have a "monocultural feeling" of knowing that others were watching the same channel as them. In his 2022 book *The Nineties*, Chuck Klosterman outlines the monoculture as existing from the 1960s to the 1990s. Singer "Weird Al" Yankovic described the mainstream in the 1980s as "almost a monoculture", while the immense popularity of MTV in the 1990s has been described as an element of the monoculture. By 2001, Maude Barlow argued that, due to free market ideology and "the massive US entertainment-industrial complex", the global monoculture had "infiltrated every corner of the Earth" and was leading to the endangerment of local artisanship and Indigenous cultures. In the 2000s, YouTube and file sharing allowed popular culture from the past to be preserved and shared, which Simon Reynolds of *The Guardian* stated created "an effect of atemporality" that preceded the disappearance of the monoculture. The Golden Age of Television also began in the 2000s, and the phenomenon of "appointment TV" series such as *Breaking Bad* and *The Sopranos*, according to Reynolds, reinforced the existence of the monoculture. Darren Mooney of *The Escapist* wrote that the TV series *Lost* (2004–2010) "occupied the popular imagination" and described it as part of the monoculture during its runtime.

By 2006 Robert Christgau stated that the Balkanization of music had led to the end of monoculture. The 2009 death of Michael Jackson also led to an uptick in opinion pieces about the death of the monoculture. Noel Murray of *The A.V. Club* noted the disparity between media that was being consumed en masse and that which critics paid attention to and stated that those proclaiming that the monoculture had died were "describing their own relationship to that culture, more than anything".

### 2010s to present

In an article for *Salon*, cultural critic Touré wrote in 2011, "We no longer live in a monoculture ... pop culture's ability to unify has been crippled," adding that "massive music moments" ended after the releases of the albums *The Chronic* (1992) by Dr. Dre and *Nevermind* (1991) by Nirvana and had become "less intense" and "shorter" in the years to follow. Later that year, *The Economist*, in response to Touré's article, argued that there were still "widely shared cultural experiences", including Katy Perry's album *Teenage Dream* yielding five number-one singles on the *Billboard* Hot 100, Barack Obama doing the dance from the music video for Beyoncé's song "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)", and the virality of Rebecca Black's song "Friday". *NPR*'s Chris Molanphy wrote in 2012 that the monoculture had been "reinvigorated" due to the top three songs on the *Billboard* Year-End Hot 100 singles list of that year—"Somebody That I Used to Know" by Gotye, "Call Me Maybe" by Carly Rae Jepsen, and "We Are Young" by Fun—"each seem\[ing\] to own U.S. culture ... at their respective peaks". Also for *Salon* in the summer of 2016, Scott Timberg opined that "the monoculture is as strong as ever", citing the ubiquity of superhero films and celebrities, particularly Taylor Swift, and the homogeneity of music nominated at the 2016 MTV Video Music Awards as examples of its existence. He argued that the "near-infinite offerings" of the Internet led people to "get overwhelmed and just fall back on what we know already".

In the 2010s streaming media platforms such as Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, and Spotify encouraged users to be individualistic in their media consumption, which Reynolds stated was "slowly but surely ... killing the idea of a mainstream" that was being replaced by the proliferation of "micro-scenes" and subcultures. Multiple critics identified the finale of *Game of Thrones*, released in 2019, as the end of the monoculture and predicted that media would become fragmented in its viewership going forward. Alison Herman of *The Ringer* called *Game of Thrones* "the last vestige of the monoculture". She went on to describe it as "the glaring, currently only, and possibly final exception" to "the fractured, micro-targeted landscape" of media that would take its place, made up of "shows that satisfy every niche" and "perfectly personalized microclimates". Reynolds wrote that the monoculture had not completely disappeared by 2019 but that it "shrunk" and its power was "much weaker", also noting that there were more cult figures than household names.

For *The Escapist*, Darren Mooney wrote that there had been "a sense of increased fracturing of the monoculture" between 2020 and 2022 due to the differences in the media being widely discussed online, which seemed to have little impact on popular culture, and the media being watched the most, which was not being discussed online. However, Mooney stated that the monoculture had not died and was instead "just resting". In 2023, Elizabeth de Luna of Mashable wrote that the monoculture had become "nearly mythological in the U.S." due to culture being fractured but called the 2023 film *Barbie* "a veritable monoculture" for its "stunning omnipresence across politics, fashion, social media, news, and music". Also in 2023, Nora Princiotti of *The Ringer* denoted Taylor Swift and football as "the two largest bastions of monoculture in America".

## Criticism

For *Vox*, Kyle Chayka argued that the monoculture was "a *Pleasantville* image of a lost togetherness that was maybe just an illusion in the first place, or a byproduct of socioeconomic hegemony" wherein pieces of media "became universal by default". In 2011, Steven Hyden, in response to Touré's *Salon* article, wrote for *Salon* that the monoculture was a myth, "a fantasy created by myopic critics who willfully misremember the past and project their personal experiences onto a diverse population", and "an illusion created by a flawed, closed-circuit system" that was based on "a utopian concept of cultural 'togetherness' that only ever appeared to exist". *The Economist* agreed with Hyden, writing that the monoculture "never really existed" and was "a bit of a myth ... \[whose\] content largely depended on other characteristics of your little corner of the world". Linda Holmes of NPR also called the monoculture a myth that "was always bogus anyway" due to how many people did not consume supposed monocultural touchstones such as *Friends* or *Seinfeld*.


title: R Crucis

abstract: R Crucis is a variable star in the southern constellation of Crux. It has a yellow-white hue and is often too faint to see with the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude that fluctuates around 6.89. This object is located at a distance of approximately 1,600 light years from the Sun based on parallax, but it is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −13.5 km/s. This is a Classical Cepheid, or Delta Cephei variable, that ranges in brightness from visual magnitude 6.40 down to 7.23 with a period of 5.82575 days. It is a supergiant star with a stellar classification that varies over each pulsation cycle, giving it a class range of F6-G2Ib-II. The star has a mean radius 44.6 times the radius of the Sun (44.6 R☉), but the radius varies by 5 R☉ during each pulsation. It has a near solar metallicity and the atmospheric abundances indicate it is likely past first dredge-up. A candidate companion star has been detected at an angular separation of 7.6″, which corresponds to a projected separation of 6,330 AU. The Hubble WFC3 shows a closer companion at a separation of 1.9″. The system is a source for X-ray emission but the contributing component is unclear.

text:
# R Crucis

**R Crucis** is a variable star in the southern constellation of Crux. It has a yellow-white hue and is often too faint to see with the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude that fluctuates around 6.89. This object is located at a distance of approximately 1,600 light years from the Sun based on parallax, but it is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −13.5 km/s.

This is a Classical Cepheid, or Delta Cephei variable, that ranges in brightness from visual magnitude 6.40 down to 7.23 with a period of 5.82575 days. It is a supergiant star with a stellar classification that varies over each pulsation cycle, giving it a class range of F6-G2Ib-II. The star has a mean radius 44.6 times the radius of the Sun (44.6 R), but the radius varies by 5 R during each pulsation. It has a near solar metallicity and the atmospheric abundances indicate it is likely past first dredge-up.

A candidate companion star has been detected at an angular separation of 7.6, which corresponds to a projected separation of 6,330 AU. The Hubble WFC3 shows a closer companion at a separation of 1.9″. The system is a source for X-ray emission but the contributing component is unclear.

## InfoBox

R Crucis
|
A visual band light curve for R Crucis, adapted from Dean *et al.* (1977) | |
| --- | --- |
| Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0 | |
| Constellation | Crux |
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| Right ascension | 12h 23m 37.68840s |
| Declination | −61° 37 44.8570 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 6.89 |
| Characteristics | |
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| Spectral type | F6-G2Ib-II or F7Ib/II |
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| B−V color index | 0.67±0.02 |
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| Variable type | δ Cep |
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| Astrometry | |
|  | |
| **Radial velocity (Rv)** | −13.5±3.0 km/s |
| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: -9.404 mas/yr
Dec.: −0.430 mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 1.98 ± 0.54 mas |
| **Distance** | approx. 1,600 ly
(approx. 500 pc) |
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| Details | |
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| **Radius** | 44.6 |
| **Surface gravity (log *g*)** | 1.65 cgs |
| **Temperature** | 5,812±22 |
| **Metallicity** \[Fe/H\] | +0.06 dex |
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| Other designations | |
| R Cru, CD−60°4138, HD 107805, HIP 60455, SAO 251878 | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |


title: RTHC Bayer Leverkusen

abstract: Ruder Tennis Hockey Club Bayer Leverkusen is a German rowing, field hockey and tennis club, one of the projects supported by Bayer AG and with 2500 members, it is additionally one of the largest sports clubs in Leverkusen. To take care of the number of athletes, the club has 18 full-time employees and 20 coaches and trainers. The sports facilities of RTHC Bayer Leverkusen are at three locations. The quarters of the rowing department is located on the Rhine in Köln-Stammheim, at Stammheim Castle Park on Fühlinger lake. The central sports and administrative center of the RTHC is on the Kurtekotten dar. Around the clubhouse are 26 outdoor tennis courts, a tennis wall, two tennis indoor halls with a total of seven courts and a multipurpose hall with a gym. For the sport of hockey, there are two artificial and natural turf fields and a hall. RTHC was created in 1951 by the merger of three formerly independent organizations: the rowing club founded in 1910, the tennis clubs of 1913 and the hockey club in 1919. As of April 2012, the outstanding successes of its members include two Olympic gold medals, seven Olympic silver medals, one bronze and seven world championship titles. The most successful rower is Stephan Volkert. The multiple Paralympic swimming champion, Dr. Britta Siegers rose to success with wheelchair tennis and occupied as a personal best in the world ranking position eight in singles and position seven in doubles.

text:
# RTHC Bayer Leverkusen

**Ruder Tennis Hockey Club Bayer Leverkusen (RTHC Bayer Leverkusen e.V.)** is a German rowing, field hockey and tennis club, one of the projects supported by Bayer AG and with 2500 members, it is additionally one of the largest sports clubs in Leverkusen.

To take care of the number of athletes, the club has 18 full-time employees and 20 coaches and trainers. The sports facilities of RTHC Bayer Leverkusen are at three locations. The quarters of the rowing department is located on the Rhine in Köln-Stammheim, at Stammheim Castle Park on Fühlinger lake.

The central sports and administrative center of the RTHC is on the Kurtekotten dar. Around the clubhouse are 26 outdoor tennis courts, a tennis wall, two tennis indoor halls with a total of seven courts and a multipurpose hall with a gym. For the sport of hockey, there are two artificial and natural turf fields and a hall.

RTHC was created in 1951 by the merger of three formerly independent organizations: the rowing club founded in 1910, the tennis clubs of 1913 and the hockey club in 1919.

As of April 2012, the outstanding successes of its members include two Olympic gold medals (Barcelona 1992, Atlanta 1996), seven Olympic silver medals, one bronze and seven world championship titles. The most successful rower is Stephan Volkert. The multiple Paralympic swimming champion, Dr. Britta Siegers rose to success with wheelchair tennis and occupied as a personal best in the world ranking position eight in singles and position seven in doubles.

## Rowing honours

### Henley Royal Regatta

| Year | Winning crew |
| --- | --- |
| 2016 | Britannia Challenge Cup |

51°01′05″N 7°00′23″E / 51.01806°N 7.00639°E / 51.01806; 7.00639


title: Meli Valdés Sozzani

abstract: Meli Valdés Sozzani is an Argentine artist.

text:
# Meli Valdés Sozzani

**Meli Valdés Sozzani** (La Plata, 1977) is an Argentine artist.

## Biography

**María Amelia Valdés Sozzani** was born in La Plata, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, in 1977.

She starts painting at an early age making her first solo exhibition in 1996. Her early works are influenced by surrealism, although of a very personal nature, already evidencing an interest in the symbolic, rather than dreamlike, content of images. These concepts will be characteristic of her future work.

In 1998 a series of her paintings is exhibited in Artexpo New York City, at the Jacob K. Javits Center in New York (Art BusinessNews Show Preview, Feb. 1998, ISSN 0273-5652). On that occasion she receives the Artist Pavilion Award in recognition to the originality of her work. Her works have been exhibited in her country, the United States and Italy.

In 2006 in collaboration with the Argentine writer Alejandro Córdoba Sosa, makes a series of forty illustrations based on the flash fiction stories that make up the book *Doscientos y un cuentos en miniatura* (Two hundred and one miniature stories).

In 2013, on the occasion of the seventh centenary of the birth of Giovanni Boccaccio made a series of paintings inspired by the Decameron.

## Style

Figuration in Meli Valdés Sozzani's art is a means to explore the deeper realities behind the concrete in order to reveal the subtle frame that hides behind the sensible world. Time, a constant theme in her work, results in enigmatic images of moving lyricism. Her paintings are also characterized by high brightness and chromatic richness.

## InfoBox

| Meli Valdés Sozzani | |
| --- | --- |
| Meli Valdés Sozzani | |
| Born | 1977 (1977) (age 47)<br>La Plata, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina |
| Occupation | Argentine painter |


title: Nicholas Thieberger

abstract: Nicholas Thieberger is an Australian linguist and an Associate Professor in the School of Languages and Linguistics at the University of Melbourne.

text:
# Nicholas Thieberger

**Nicholas Thieberger** FAHA is an Australian linguist and an Associate Professor in the School of Languages and Linguistics at the University of Melbourne.

## Education

Thieberger graduated from La Trobe University with a BA Hons. His Masters was also at La Trobe, then he moved to the University of Melbourne to complete his PhD in 2004 for his work on the grammar of South Efate (Nafsan), which was the first grammar to demonstrate the use of a media corpus as the basis for examples used in the grammar.

## Career

Thieberger helped to establish the PARADISEC archive in 2003 and currently serves as its director. He was the Editor of *Language Documentation & Conservation* (2011–2021), an academic journal which focuses on language documentation and conservation. He was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities in 2021.

He is best known for his research on Indigenous Australian languages, on the South Efate (Nafsan) language of Vanuatu, and for his work in language documentation. He established Wangka Maya the Pilbara Aboriginal Language Centre in the late 1980s, ASEDA, the Aboriginal Studies Electronic Data Archive, in the early 1990s, and co-founded the Resource Network for Linguistic Diversity. He established Kaipuleohone, the University of Hawai'i's digital language archive.

## Key publications

\[Many of these references are available here\]

* Barwick, Linda & Nicholas Thieberger. (eds.) 2006. *Sustainable Data from Digital Fieldwork* Sydney: Sydney University Press.
* McConvell, Patrick & Nicholas Thieberger. 2001. *State of Indigenous languages in Australia - 2001*. Australia State of the Environment Second Technical Paper Series (Natural and Cultural Heritage), Department of the Environment and Heritage, Canberra.
* Sharp, Janet & Nicholas Thieberger. 1992. *Bilybara: Aboriginal languages of the Pilbara Region* Port Hedland: Wangka Maya.
* Thieberger, Nicholas. 1993. *Handbook of WA Aboriginal Languages south of the Kimberley Region* Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
* Thieberger, Nicholas. 2006. *A Grammar of South Efate: An Oceanic Language of Vanuatu* Oceanic Linguistics Special Publication, No. 33. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
* Thieberger, Nicholas (ed). 2012. *The Oxford Handbook of Linguistic Fieldwork*. Oxford: OUP.
* Thieberger, Nicholas & Bill McGregor (eds.).1994. *Macquarie Aboriginal words: a dictionary of words of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages* Sydney: Macquarie Library.


title: Qutani

abstract: Qutani is a mountain in the Bolivian Andes which reaches a height of approximately 3,740 m (12,270 ft). It is located in the La Paz Department, Loayza Province, Luribay Municipality, northwest of Luribay. Qutani lies southeast of Wila Quta.

text:
# Qutani

**Qutani** (Aymara *quta* lake, *-ni* a suffix, "the one with a lake", also spelled *Khotani*) is a mountain in the Bolivian Andes which reaches a height of approximately 3,740 m (12,270 ft). It is located in the La Paz Department, Loayza Province, Luribay Municipality, northwest of Luribay. Qutani lies southeast of Wila Quta.

## InfoBox

| Qutani | |
| --- | --- |
| QutaniLocation within Bolivia | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 3,740 m (12,270 ft) |
| Coordinates | 17°02′05″S 67°42′25″W / 17.03472°S 67.70694°W / -17.03472; -67.70694 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Bolivia<br>La Paz Department, Loayza Province |
| Parent range | Andes |


title: Omalium caesum

abstract: Omalium caesum is a species of rove beetle native to Europe.

text:
# Omalium caesum

***Omalium caesum*** is a species of rove beetle native to Europe.

## InfoBox

| *Omalium caesum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Omalium caesum* 3.5 mm (2.5 to 3.5 mm) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Staphylinidae |
| Genus: | *Omalium* |
| Species: | ***O. caesum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Omalium caesum***<br>Gravenhorst, 1806 | |
|


title: Gini (soft drink)

abstract: Gini is a French lemon soft drink created in 1971 by Perrier and which was purchased by Cadbury Schweppes in 1989. It has been manufactured by Suntory for many years. It is well known in France, where its slogan is La plus chaude des boissons froides.

text:
# Gini (soft drink)

**Gini** is a French lemon soft drink created in 1971 by Perrier and which was purchased by Cadbury Schweppes in 1989. It has been manufactured by Suntory for many years. It is well known in France, where its slogan is *La plus chaude des boissons froides* (French for 'The hottest of cold drinks').

## Advertising

The drink is particularly known for its advertising strategies. The brand has often flirted with innuendo and sexuality in its advertising notably in a 1970s campaign featuring the Argentinian boxer Carlos Monzón surrounded by naked women leaping from a stallion in the desert and seizing an "erectile" bottle from the sand.

The most well-known advertisement was from 1983, directed by and with music from Serge Gainsbourg. The clip featured the French actor Pierre Cosso sharing his Gini and girlfriend with another man. Further ads featured couples drinking Gini after having had sex with the byline *À quand remonte votre dernier Gini?* (French for 'When was the last time you had a Gini?').

The brand was associated with the group Pink Floyd in a 1974 advertising campaign. In return for appearing in the advertisement, the brand sponsored the group's short 1974 tour in France. In his autobiography, the band's co-founder and drummer Nick Mason describes being followed around by a "frightful gaggle of groovy people in dark glasses and leather jackets sporting, gigantic Gini bitter lemon signs". Roger Waters wrote a song about the experience called "Bitter Love" and claimed that the money received was donated to charity following accusations of the band selling out.

1. Barnier, Virginie de; Joannis, Henri (2016-04-13). *Marketing & création publicitaire - 4e éd.: Réseaux sociaux, Mobile, TV, Radio, Print* (in French). Dunod. ISBN 978-2-10-075076-4.
2. Durandin, Guy (1982-01-01). *Les Mensonges en propagande et en publicité* (in French). Presses universitaires de France (réédition numérique FeniXX). ISBN 978-2-13-068347-6.
3. Brémond, Janine (1976-12-31). *La Publicité* (in French). Hatier (réédition numérique FeniXX). ISBN 978-2-401-00334-7.
4. "Gini: Aphrodisiaque". *Stratégies* (in French). 2002-02-01. Retrieved 2020-08-12.
5. "\[Gini\] La plage, 1983". *madparis.fr*. Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris. Retrieved 2020-08-12.
6. "Gini, pour nous les hommes". *Stratégies* (in French). 2002-04-26. Retrieved 2020-08-12.
7. Oullion, Jean-michel (2011-05-19). *Pink Floyd: Magiciens, alchimistes et milliardaires* (in French). Scrineo. ISBN 978-2-36740-060-0.
8. Mason, Nick (2011-09-01). *Inside Out: A Personal History of Pink Floyd*. Orion. ISBN 978-1-78022-175-5.
9. Blake, Mark (2008-11-25). *Comfortably Numb: The Inside Story of Pink Floyd*. Hachette Books. ISBN 978-0-7867-2708-7.