title: Pilanesberg International Airport

abstract: Pilanesberg International Airport is an airport serving Sun City in the North West province of South Africa. It is located adjacent to the Pilanesberg National Park.

text:
# Pilanesberg International Airport

**Pilanesberg International Airport** (IATA: **NTY**, ICAO: **FAPN**) is an airport serving Sun City in the North West province of South Africa. It is located adjacent to the Pilanesberg National Park.

## Facilities

The airport resides at an elevation of 3,412 feet (1,040 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 05/23 with an asphalt surface measuring 2,750 by 30 metres (9,022 ft × 98 ft).

## Communication

The Communication Frequency for Pilanesberg International Airport is 118.40 MHz. Runway lights can be activated by making 3-7 clicks on 118.40 MHz. The control tower can be contacted on +27 (0)14 55 22154.

## Nearby airports

1. "ACSA hands Pilanesberg International Airport back to North West Province". Airports Company South Africa. 22 September 2011. Archived from the original on 29 May 2012. Retrieved 23 December 2011.
2. "Aerodrome chart for FAPN – PILANESBERG INTL (SUN CITY)" (PDF). South African Civil Aviation Authority. 8 July 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 December 2008.
3. Airport information for FAPN\[usurped\] from DAFIF (effective October 2006)
4. Airport information for NTY at Great Circle Mapper. Source: DAFIF (effective October 2006).
5. AVIMAP Frequency Chart September 2011, AVIMAP Frequency Chart link retrieved 23 December 2011

## InfoBox

| Pilanesberg International Airport
*Pilanesberg Internasionale Lughawe* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public |
| Owner/Operator | North West Provincial Government (NWPG) |
| Serves | Sun City, North West, South Africa |
| Elevation AMSL | 3,412 ft / 1,040 m |
| Coordinates | 25°20′01″S 027°10′24″E / 25.33361°S 27.17333°E / -25.33361; 27.17333 |
| Website | acsa.co.za |
| Map | |
| **FAPN****Location of airport in North West province**Location of North West in South Africa | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  m ft  05/23 2,750 9,022 Asphalt | |
| Sources: South African AIP, DAFIF | |


title: Nathaniel Bullock

abstract: Nathaniel Bullock was a lawyer, lieutenant governor, of Rhode Island, and Speaker of the Rhode Island House of Representatives. Bullock was born to Samuel Bullock (1737-1821) and Silence (Bowen) Bullock (1744-1825) and was part of a prominent extended family in New England. Jonathan Russell Bullock was his son. He graduated from Brown University in 1798. Bullock ran for governor in 1839, placing second in an election where no candidate received a majority and the office was filled in an acting capacity by Samuel Ward King. He served as Rhode Island's lieutenant governor in 1842 and 1843. The Library of Congress has a campaign broadside including him on the Democratic Republican and "Farmers' Prox." 1840 ticket. He was involved with Freeman's Bank and the construction of its bank building in Bristol.

text:
# Nathaniel Bullock

**Nathaniel Bullock** (May 1, 1777  November 13, 1867) was a lawyer, lieutenant governor, of Rhode Island, and Speaker of the Rhode Island House of Representatives.

Bullock was born to Samuel Bullock (1737-1821) and Silence (Bowen) Bullock (1744-1825) and was part of a prominent extended family in New England. Jonathan Russell Bullock was his son. He graduated from Brown University in 1798.

Bullock ran for governor in 1839, placing second in an election where no candidate received a majority and the office was filled in an acting capacity by Samuel Ward King. He served as Rhode Island's lieutenant governor in 1842 and 1843.

The Library of Congress has a campaign broadside including him on the Democratic Republican and "Farmers' Prox." 1840 ticket.

He was involved with Freeman's Bank and the construction of its bank building in Bristol.

## InfoBox

| Nathaniel Bullock | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Lieutenant Governor of Rhode Island | |
| **In office**
1842–1843 | |
| Governor | Samuel Ward King |
| Preceded by | Byron Diman |
| Succeeded by | Byron Diman |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Nat McDonald Bullock
(1777-05-01)May 1, 1777
Bristol, Rhode Island |
| Died | November 13, 1867(1867-11-13) (aged 90)
Bristol, Rhode Island |
| Political party | Democratic-Republican
Democratic |
|  | |


title: Young Drunk Punk

abstract: Young Drunk Punk is a Canadian television sitcom, which debuted on City on January 21, 2015. Created by Bruce McCulloch based on his autobiographical theatrical show of the same title, the series stars Tim Carlson as Ian McKay, a young punk rocker coming of age in Calgary, Alberta, with the series opening in 1980. The cast also includes McCulloch as Ian's father Lloyd, Tracy Ryan as his mother Helen, and Atticus Mitchell as his best friend Shinky. The series was part of a production deal between City and CBC Television. Under the deal, the series had a second run on CBC Television in the fall of 2015, while City reciprocated by airing a second run of the CBC Television sitcom Mr. D. In an interview with the Calgary Herald in May 2016, it was announced the show had not been picked up for a second season but McCulloch was working to find a new outlet for the series.

text:
# Young Drunk Punk

***Young Drunk Punk*** is a Canadian television sitcom, which debuted on City on January 21, 2015.

Created by Bruce McCulloch based on his autobiographical theatrical show of the same title, the series stars Tim Carlson as Ian McKay, a young punk rocker coming of age in Calgary, Alberta, with the series opening in 1980. The cast also includes McCulloch as Ian's father Lloyd, Tracy Ryan as his mother Helen, and Atticus Mitchell as his best friend Shinky.

The series was part of a production deal between City and CBC Television. Under the deal, the series had a second run on CBC Television in the fall of 2015, while City reciprocated by airing a second run of the CBC Television sitcom *Mr. D*.

In an interview with the *Calgary Herald* in May 2016, it was announced the show had not been picked up for a second season but McCulloch was working to find a new outlet for the series.

## Cast

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Pilot" | Bruce McCulloch | Bruce McCulloch | January 21, 2015 (2015-01-21) |
| 2 | "Working for Cowboy" | Bruce McCulloch | Kurt Smeaton | January 28, 2015 (2015-01-28) |
| 3 | "The Van" | Bruce McCulloch | Jonathan Sobol | February 4, 2015 (2015-02-04) |
| 4 | "European Style" | Ron Murphy | Scott Montgomery | February 11, 2015 (2015-02-11) |
| 5 | "The Clash is Coming" | Unknown | Unknown | February 18, 2015 (2015-02-18) |
| 6 | "Lure a Flame" | Ron Murphy | Bruce McCulloch | February 25, 2015 (2015-02-25) |
| 7 | "Ian and Shrinky Make a Movie" | Kelly Makin | Garry Campbell | March 4, 2015 (2015-03-04) |
| 8 | "Yoga Show" | Unknown | Unknown | March 11, 2015 (2015-03-11) |
| 9 | "First Date Funeral" | Kelly Makin | Bruce McCulloch | March 18, 2015 (2015-03-18) |
| 10 | "Sound Judgement" | Unknown | Unknown | April 1, 2015 (2015-04-01) |
| 11 | "Space Invaders" | Unknown | Unknown | April 8, 2015 (2015-04-08) |
| 12 | "Rock of Seagulls" | Unknown | Unknown | April 15, 2015 (2015-04-15) |
| 13 | "Vancouver" | Unknown | Unknown | April 22, 2015 (2015-04-22) |

## InfoBox

| *Young Drunk Punk* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Sitcom |
| Created by | Bruce McCulloch |
| Starring |  |
| Composers | Craig Northey
Jim McGrath |
| Country of origin | Canada |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 13 |
| Production | |
| Executive producers | Tom Cox
Jordy Randall
Susan Canvan
Bruce McCulloch |
| Production locations | Calgary, Alberta, Canada |
| Running time | 30 minutes |
| Production companies | SEVEN24 Films
Accent Entertainment |
| Original release | |
| Network | City |
| Release | January 21 (2015-01-21)
April 22, 2015 (2015-04-22) |


title: Piri Poutapu

abstract: Wiremu "Piri" Te Ranga Poutapu was a New Zealand master of Māori carving and a carpenter.

text:
# Piri Poutapu

**Wiremu** "**Piri**" **Te Ranga Poutapu** MBE (8 June 1905  20 August 1975) was a New Zealand master of Māori carving and a carpenter.

## Biography

Poutapu identified with the Ngāti Korokī and Waikato iwi. He was born in 1905, in Maungatautari, Waikato. He was known as Piri, the Māori transliteration of Bill, itself short for William, of which his first name Wiremu is the Māori transliteration.

Poutapu was a protégé of Te Puea Herangi who sent him to the School of Maori Arts and Crafts at Ohinemutu in 1929. He spent three years there learning adzeing, carving and traditional lore from Eramiha Neke Kapua. During this time he also worked with brothers Pine and Hone Taiapa, leading Ngāti Porou carvers. In 1932 he returned to Ngāruawāhia where he established a carving school. One of his pupils was Inia Te Wiata.

Poutapu was one of the leaders in the building of Turongo, the Māori king's official residence at Turangawaewae Marae, between 1934 and 1938. He was a confidant and secretary to Māori king Korokī Mahuta and was then a member of the Tekau-ma-rua (council of twelve) for Māori queen Te Atairangikaahu.

Some of Poutapu's best known carvings include carvings for Rotorua Boys' High School and Te Aute College, as well as restoring the Te Winika and Ngātokimatawhaorua war canoes. The 1974 National Film Unit documentary *Tāhere Tikitiki – The Making of a Māori Canoe* records the 18 month long construction of the *Taahere Tikitiki*, a war canoe (*waka taua*) that Poutapu worked on.

Poutapu was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire, for services to Māori arts and crafts, in the 1974 Queen's Birthday Honours. He died at Turangawaewae Marae on 20 August 1975 and was buried on Mount Taupiri.


title: WUKL

abstract:
WUKL may refer to:
  - WUKL (FM), a radio station licensed to serve Masontown, Pennsylvania, United States
  - WOMP (FM), a radio station licensed to serve Bellaire, Ohio, United States, which held the call sign WUKL from 2021 to 2023
  - WBGI-FM, a radio station licensed to serve Bethlehem, West Virginia, United States, which held the call sign WUKL from 2004 to 2021

text:
# WUKL

**WUKL** may refer to:

* WUKL (FM), a radio station (106.9 FM) licensed to serve Masontown, Pennsylvania, United States
* WOMP (FM), a radio station (100.5 FM) licensed to serve Bellaire, Ohio, United States, which held the call sign WUKL from 2021 to 2023
* WBGI-FM, a radio station (105.5 FM) licensed to serve Bethlehem, West Virginia, United States, which held the call sign WUKL from 2004 to 2021


title: Pierreclos

abstract: Pierreclos is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

text:
# Pierreclos

**Pierreclos** (French pronunciation: \[pjɛʁklo\]) is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

## Geography

Situated 14 kilometers west of Mâcon and 14 kilometers south of Cluny, Pierreclos is a small vineyard village in the Tramayes county.

## History

The name Pierreclos come from "Petra Clausa" meaning Closed stone, or tomb, in Latin. It was a necropolis for important people of the Roman Province.

Before the French Revolution, the history of the village was closely linked to its castle.

## Demography

In 2016, the population of the village was 910 inhabitants.

## Economy

Pierreclos is surrounded by vineyards which are used for great quality wines. The main employer is a low-cost salted meat producer.

## Important People

Alphonse De Lamartine had a child with Jacqueline de Pierreclos (Laurence in Jocelyn)

## InfoBox

| Pierreclos | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| A general view of Pierreclos | |
| Location of Pierreclos | |
| PierreclosPierreclos | |
| Coordinates: 46°20′04″N 4°41′18″E / 46.3344°N 4.6883°E / 46.3344; 4.6883 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté |
| Department | Saône-et-Loire |
| Arrondissement | Mâcon |
| Canton | La Chapelle-de-Guinchay |
| Area**1** | 12.41 km2 (4.79 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 851 |
| Density | 69/km2 (180/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 71350 /71960 |
| Elevation | 245–746 m (804–2,448 ft)
(avg. 289 m or 948 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Pool Sharks

abstract: Pool Sharks is a 1915 silent short film. The film is notable for being the film acting and writing debut of W. C. Fields and also features early instances of stop-motion animation during a game of pool.

text:
# Pool Sharks

***Pool Sharks*** (also sometimes known as ***The Pool Shark***) is a 1915 silent short film. The film is notable for being the film acting and writing debut of W. C. Fields and also features early instances of stop-motion animation during a game of pool.

## Plot summary

Following a standard style of the era, the film is a romantic slapstick comedy short. Fields and his rival (played by Bud Ross) vie over the affections of a woman (played by Marian West). When their antics get out of hand at a picnic, it is decided that they should play a game of pool. Both of them are pool sharks, and after the game turns into a farce, a fight ensues. Fields throws a ball at his rival, who ducks. The ball flies through the window and breaks a hanging goldfish bowl, soaking the woman they are fighting over and leaving goldfish in her hair. She storms into the pool hall and rejects both men.

## Production

It was one of two short films Fields made for a company called Gaumont, distributed by Mutual. He and Ross made another short around the same time, *His Lordship's Dilemma.*

### Casting

Fields helped make this film in New York City, taking time off from the Ziegfeld Follies, as publicity for the film pointed out. Vaudeville was Fields' primary vocation, and after completing *Pool Sharks* and *His Lordship's Dilemma* it would be nine years before he made his next known film, 1924's *Janice Meredith*.

Fields wore his obviously fake moustache in this film, as he did in all of his silent films. His character and mannerisms bear some resemblance to Charlie Chaplin's, although the persona Fields later developed in his sound comedies is foreshadowed during the picnic scene, when Fields's character dumps a small child out of a chair so that he can steal it to get closer to the woman he is chasing.

### Animation

Fields was an expert juggler. As with his early films, *Pool Sharks* was intended to highlight a pool ball juggling act that featured in the actor's vaudeville show. In the final film, however, there is only a brief shot of Fields juggling several billiard balls, as his act was largely replaced with several poorly edited stop motion sequences depicting impossible shots, such as the balls jumping off the table and re-racking themselves on the wall. Though innovative for the time, they are poorly animated, with obvious edits, and the animator's hand can actually be seen moving the balls along in one of the frames.

## Reaction

Today, *Pool Sharks* is best remembered as Fields' first film effort. Film historian William K. Everson critiques the film as an "auspicious debut", with Fields' routines and pacing already finely honed.

* *The Films of W.C. Fields*, by Donald Deschner, The Citadel Press, New York, 1966.
* *The Art of W.C. Fields*, by William K. Everson, Bonanza Books, New York, 1967.

## InfoBox

| Pool Sharks | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Edwin Middleton |
| Written by | W.C. Fields |
| Produced by | Franco Cristaldi |
| Starring | W.C. Fields
Bud Ross
Marian West |
| Distributed by | Mutual Film Corporation |
| Release date | * September 19, 1915 (1915-09-19) (U.S.) |
| Running time | 15 min. |
| Country | United States |
| Language | Silent |


title: Vassar B. Carlton

abstract: Vassar Benjamin Carlton was a justice of the Florida Supreme Court from 1969 to 1974, serving as chief justice for his final year on the Court. Born in Alachua County, Florida, Carlton received an LL.B. from Stetson University in 1937, and was elected a Brevard County judge just four years later, in 1941, at 27 years old. He thereafter remained in the judiciary. In 1954, "he was elected Circuit Judge of Florida's old Ninth Circuit" remaining in that office until his election to the Florida Supreme Court in 1968, where he commenced service on January 7, 1969. He was chosen as chief justice for a term beginning January 1, 1973, remaining in that office until his retirement on February 28, 1974. Carlton died in Franklin, North Carolina.

text:
# Vassar B. Carlton

**Vassar Benjamin Carlton** (November 13, 1912 – August 31, 2005) was a justice of the Florida Supreme Court from 1969 to 1974, serving as chief justice for his final year on the Court.

Born in Alachua County, Florida, Carlton received an LL.B. from Stetson University in 1937, and was elected a Brevard County judge just four years later, in 1941, at 27 years old. He thereafter remained in the judiciary. In 1954, "he was elected Circuit Judge of Florida's old Ninth Circuit" remaining in that office until his election to the Florida Supreme Court in 1968, where he commenced service on January 7, 1969. He was chosen as chief justice for a term beginning January 1, 1973, remaining in that office until his retirement on February 28, 1974.

Carlton died in Franklin, North Carolina.

## InfoBox

| Vassar B. Carlton | |
| --- | --- |
| Carlton in 1969 | |
|  | |
| Chief Justice of the Florida Supreme Court | |
| **In office**
January 1, 1973  February 28, 1974 | |
| Justice of the Florida Supreme Court | |
| **In office**
January 7, 1969  February 28, 1974 | |
| Preceded by | Wade L. Hopping |
| Succeeded by | Ben Overton |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1912-11-13)November 13, 1912
Alachua County, Florida, U.S. |
| Died | August 31, 2005(2005-08-31) (aged 92)
Franklin, North Carolina, U.S. |
|  | |


title: Oncideres cephalotes

abstract: Oncideres cephalotes is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1865. It is known from Brazil and French Guiana.

text:
# Oncideres cephalotes

***Oncideres cephalotes*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1865. It is known from Brazil and French Guiana.

## InfoBox

| *Oncideres cephalotes* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Oncideres* |
| Species: | ***O. cephalotes*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oncideres cephalotes***<br>Bates, 1865 | |
|


title: Pilot (Supergirl)

abstract: "Pilot" is the first episode of the American superhero television series Supergirl. It premiered on CBS on October 26, 2015. The episode was written by series developers/creators Greg Berlanti, Ali Adler and Andrew Kreisberg, and directed by Glen Winter. The Supergirl pilot details the origins of Kryptonian Kara Zor-El, whose quest to follow in her famous cousin's footsteps would emerge while maintaining a mild mannered life as Kara Danvers. The episode received positive reviews, especially for the performance of the series' star Melissa Benoist. It also became CBS' most watched new series of the 2015-16 television season, and the most watched new scripted series overall by Nielsen, with 12.9 million viewers tuning in and an estimated 19 million over the next week, once delayed viewing is tabulated. It also gave CBS its first successful series to target a younger demo in the 18-49 age group, which is favored by advertiser groups.

text:
# Pilot (Supergirl)

"**Pilot**" is the first episode of the American superhero television series *Supergirl*. It premiered on CBS on October 26, 2015. The episode was written by series developers/creators Greg Berlanti, Ali Adler and Andrew Kreisberg, and directed by Glen Winter.

The *Supergirl* pilot details the origins of Kryptonian Kara Zor-El, whose quest to follow in her famous cousin's footsteps would emerge while maintaining a mild mannered life as Kara Danvers.

The episode received positive reviews, especially for the performance of the series' star Melissa Benoist. It also became CBS' most watched new series of the 2015-16 television season, and the most watched new scripted series overall by Nielsen, with 12.9 million viewers tuning in and an estimated 19 million over the next week, once delayed viewing is tabulated. It also gave CBS its first successful series to target a younger demo in the 18-49 age group, which is favored by advertiser groups.

## Plot

Kara Zor-El is sent by her parents, Alura and Zor-El, from Krypton to Earth to watch over her infant cousin, Kal-El. Krypton explodes, knocking Kara's pod off-course into the Phantom Zone. She remains frozen in time for 24 years before her pod crashes to Earth. Kal-El, now Superman, rescues Kara and takes her to live with Eliza and Jeremiah Danvers, the scientists who helped him come into his powers, and their daughter Alex.

Twelve years later in National City, Kara Danvers is an assistant to Cat Grant, the head of mega-media conglomerate CatCo. About to board a flight to Geneva, Alex believes Kara should remain normal, despite Kara's yearning to use her powers. After a news report reveals Alex's plane is about to crash, Kara uses her powers for the first time in years, saving the plane. As Kara wonders if she could become a hero like her cousin, Alex worries Kara is putting herself in danger. Kara reveals her secret to co-worker Winn Schott, who helps Kara perfect her abilities and designs her a uniform. As a public hero, Kara is dubbed "Supergirl" by Cat Grant, unaware of her true identity. Vartox, the alien responsible for the attempted plane crash, learns of Supergirl's actions.

Kara is tranquilized and brought to the secret headquarters of the Department of Extra-Normal Operations (DEO), where Alex is revealed to work. Director Hank Henshaw informs Kara that when she landed on Earth, Fort Rozz – a prison housing some of Krypton's worst criminals, most of whom were sentenced by Kara's mother – crashed onto Earth as well. Nearly killed by Vartox, Kara worries she is not yet ready to be Supergirl, but Alex convinces her to follow in Superman's footsteps. Challenging Vartox to a rematch, Kara causes his axe to explode with her heat vision before he commits suicide. Her actions convince Hank that Supergirl, with help from Alex, can be useful to the DEO. CatCo's new art director, James Olsen, reveals to Kara that he knows her secret identity, and passes on a gift: an indestructible cape made from Kal-El's baby wrappings.

In another part of the universe, news of Vartox's death reaches his commander, revealed to be General Astra, Alura's identical twin sister and Kara's aunt, who plans to take over Earth and kill Kara.

## Production

The plant where Supergirl and Vartox first do battle was shot in San Pedro, California but the producers' plan to extend the fight scene beyond the plant was scrapped. The rematch scene took two days of filming in the Mojave Desert.

The producers also note that Alex Danvers was created for the series, as she does not exist in the comic series. The producers also enlisted real-life Los Angeles news reporter Rick Garcia and Leyna Nguyen to make cameo appearances in this episode, and plan to utilize more media news talent from the Los Angeles area in the series.

The twist in the final scene featuring Astra was a last minute addition by the producers, as she was also created for the television series, along with her background that featured another Kryptonian House without the "S" in its shield, which will also add to Kara's family background in future episodes.

### Casting

In January 2015, it was announced that Melissa Benoist had been cast as Supergirl.

## Reception

### Ratings

More than 12.96 million viewers tuned in to see the episode, making it one of CBS' most watch scripted dramas of the night and of this season, tying it with NBC's *Blindspot* as the top-rated series premiere of the 2015-16 fall season.

The episode attracted 1,606,000 viewers for its British premiere, making it the most watched programme on Sky One for the week.

### Critical response

The episode received positive reviews, praising Melissa Benoist's take on the character and the well scripted storyline.

Jeff Jensen of *Entertainment Weekly* gave the episode a B−, and notes in his assessment of the review, "I'm glad Supergirl exists and I want it to succeed. If it never becomes anything more than a solid superhero genre show with a female lead, that's more than fine, especially since that lead is fantastic: The best counter to all my complaints is that Benoist makes it all work. The redeeming magic of perfect casting. Her performance embraces, internalizes, and sells the character's contradictions and paradoxes. She makes Kara feel real, she wears the costume proudly and easily, she's joy and complexity at once. Supergirl begins to fill a shameful void that needs to be followed with cleaner, more artful wins. It will most likely come from original creations — the next Buffy the Vampire Slayer, the next Veronica Mars — or adaptations of edgier, more contemporary properties that can allow for more creative daring, like The CW's excellent iZombie or (hopefully) the upcoming Netflix series, Marvel's Jessica Jones. The frustrations of Supergirl remind us that super-powered super-people often make for problematic vehicles for exploring issues of Otherness, diversity, race and gender – especially intrinsically flawed comic book brands beholden to the values of another era and bound by franchise restrictions. "Can you believe it? A female hero. Nice for my daughter to have someone like that to look up to." Yes, that is nice. Now, we need better."

Cliff Wheatley of IGN gave the pilot episode a 7/10, praising Melissa Benoist's performance as Kara and the fun take on the Superman mythos. In a review from *The Hollywood Reporter*, Daniel Feinberg said, "CBS' Supergirl shouldn't have to be a feminist landmark, but it is." Caroline Siede of *The A.V. Club* gave the episode a positive review, giving it a B. With the exception of the Kara backstory, she was pleased with the executed fast pace of how well the episode was structured: "While Supergirl is a little more grounded than *The Flash*, this premiere establishes the show's appropriately upbeat tone and sets up more than enough threads to explore across its first 13 episodes—and hopefully many more to come." Stacy Glanzman of TV Fanatic gave the episode a 5.0 out of 5 stars.

## InfoBox

| "**Pilot**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Supergirl* episode | |
|  | |
| Episode no. | Season 1<br>Episode 1 |
| Directed by | Glen Winter |
| Story by |  |
| Teleplay by | Ali Adler |
| Production code | 276088 |
| Original air date | October 26, 2015 (2015-10-26) |
| Guest appearances | |
|  | |
|
|


title: Nat Herz

abstract: Nat Herz (1920–1964) was an American photographer, poet, and writer. A student of Aesthetic Realism, Herz integrated the philosophy into his artistic practice and daily life after his introduction in 1940 to classes with Eli Siegel, the American poet, critic and founder of Aesthetic Realism. Herz left New York in 1941 to pursue graduate studies under Austin Warren at the University of Iowa, but returned shortly thereafter to resume his study of poetry under the guidance of Siegel, later stating that he "learned more about poetry from Eli Siegel [in] New York than I ever learned in Iowa from anyone, including Austin Warren." While supporting himself as a licensed practical nurse, Herz fostered a second career as a photographer and writer. Herz held the roles of writer, picture researcher, and editor for Life Magazine, picture editor for the Blue Network, and chairman of the Infinity editorial board. Friends and colleagues of Herz included André Kertész, Dorothea Lange, Wynn Bullock, Lou Bernstein, Norman Rothschild, Leonora Carrington, Kurt Seligmann, and Chaim Koppelman. A dedicated civil rights activist, Herz spent time extensively documenting the events of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in an unpublished manuscript, With the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, August 28, 1963: Impressions of America on Its Way. Herz's photographs of the march have been used to illustrate the historical moment in several publications, including The Civil Rights Movement: A Photographic History, written by Stephen Kasher. A collection of Herz's poetry was published in 1964 in the book Personal and Impersonal 6: Aesthetic Realism. In 1965, Herz wrote the introduction to What's There: An Aesthetic Realism Art Inquiry, a text which chronicled an interview between Eli Siegel and various artists, including Lou Bernstein, Chaim Koppelman, Dorothy Koppelman, Louis Dienes, Anne Fielding, Warren Rhodes, and Martha Baird. Herz's publications credits also include the Konica Pocket Handbook, published in 1960, as well as numerous photographs and articles in various periodicals, including Infinity, The Sunday Herald Tribune, Popular Photography, and TV Guide.

text:
# Nat Herz

**Nat Herz** (1920–1964) was an American photographer, poet, and writer.

A student of Aesthetic Realism, Herz integrated the philosophy into his artistic practice and daily life after his introduction in 1940 to classes with Eli Siegel, the American poet, critic and founder of Aesthetic Realism. Herz left New York in 1941 to pursue graduate studies under Austin Warren at the University of Iowa, but returned shortly thereafter to resume his study of poetry under the guidance of Siegel, later stating that he "learned more about poetry from Eli Siegel \[in\] New York than I ever learned in Iowa from anyone, including Austin Warren."

While supporting himself as a licensed practical nurse, Herz fostered a second career as a photographer and writer. Herz held the roles of writer, picture researcher, and editor for Life Magazine, picture editor for the Blue Network, and chairman of the *Infinity* editorial board. Friends and colleagues of Herz included André Kertész, Dorothea Lange, Wynn Bullock, Lou Bernstein, Norman Rothschild, Leonora Carrington, Kurt Seligmann, and Chaim Koppelman.

A dedicated civil rights activist, Herz spent time extensively documenting the events of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in an unpublished manuscript, *With the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, August 28, 1963: Impressions of America on Its Way*. Herz's photographs of the march have been used to illustrate the historical moment in several publications, including *The Civil Rights Movement: A Photographic History*, written by Stephen Kasher.

A collection of Herz's poetry was published in 1964 in the book *Personal and Impersonal 6: Aesthetic Realism.* In 1965, Herz wrote the introduction to *What's There: An Aesthetic Realism Art Inquiry*, a text which chronicled an interview between Eli Siegel and various artists, including Lou Bernstein, Chaim Koppelman, Dorothy Koppelman, Louis Dienes, Anne Fielding, Warren Rhodes, and Martha Baird. Herz's publications credits also include the *Konica Pocket Handbook*, published in 1960, as well as numerous photographs and articles in various periodicals, including *Infinity*, *The Sunday Herald Tribune*, *Popular Photography*, and *TV Guide*.

## Exhibitions

Herz's work in photography has been exhibited in many group and solo shows in America and abroad. Notable exhibitions include a 1961 solo photography show, *Color Statement*, at the Terrain Gallery in New York City, and an exhibition of Herz's poetic collaborative with Surrealist artist Kurt Seligmann, *Impossible Landscapes of the Mind*, at the Hirschl and Adler Galleries in 1999. In 1994, images from Herz's *With the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, August 28, 1963: Impressions of America on Its Way* were shown in exhibition at the Howard Greenberg Gallery in New York.

## InfoBox

| Nat Herz | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1920-08-06)August 6, 1920<br>New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Died | (1964-11-27)November 27, 1964 |
| Occupation(s) | Poet, writer, photographer |


title: You Are Not My Mother

abstract: You Are Not My Mother is a 2021 Irish psychological horror film written and directed by Kate Dolan. The film stars Hazel Doupe as Char, a young woman at odds with her grandmother Rita after her mother Angela briefly goes missing, only to return soon afterward with a radically changed personality. The film premiered in the Midnight Madness stream at the 2021 Toronto International Film Festival, where it was named first runner up for the People's Choice Award: Midnight Madness.

text:
# You Are Not My Mother

***You Are Not My Mother*** is a 2021 Irish psychological horror film written and directed by Kate Dolan. The film stars Hazel Doupe as Char, a young woman at odds with her grandmother Rita (Ingrid Craigie) after her mother Angela (Carolyn Bracken) briefly goes missing, only to return soon afterward with a radically changed personality.

The film premiered in the Midnight Madness stream at the 2021 Toronto International Film Festival, where it was named first runner up for the People's Choice Award: Midnight Madness.

## Plot

An opening flashback scene shows Rita Delaney taking her infant granddaughter Charlotte (“Char”) into the woods, while the baby’s mother Angela protests. In the wood, Rita sits the baby on the ground and lights a ring of fire around her. She watches as the baby screams.

In the present day, the teenage Char lives with her mother and grandmother; her uncle Aaron lives nearby and visits occasionally. The household is somewhat dysfunctional; Rita is in poor health, Angela is depressed and spends much of her time in bed, and there is no food in the house. Char attends a girls’ Catholic high school. Although academically gifted, she does not fit in with the other students, who consider her their social inferior, and she is subjected to bullying. One morning, driving Char to school, Angela tells her daughter that "she can't do this anymore". Her car is later found abandoned, with no sign of Angela. The family report the disappearance to the police, but they are not able to offer much help. However Angela returns within a few days, strangely altered. Her depression is gone, and she is cheerful, dressing up and cooking dinner for the family. Rita seems suspicious of these changes in Angela and deliberately upsets the pan of soup that Angela had prepared, so the family are obliged to eat the chips that Aaron has brought over instead. But Angela appears to have little appetite and sits staring sullenly at her mother.

Char witnesses several instances of increasingly bizarre behaviour in the "new" Angela and becomes frightened. Her uncle Aaron is poisoned by Angela, which leads to him being hospitalised. In the meantime Char is forging a friendship with one of her former bullies, Suzanne. Char confides in Suzanne about the changes in Angela; Suzanne in turn tells Char how her own mother died when she was very young. One evening Rita tells Char the story of her past; when Char was a baby, Rita realised she had been swapped with a “changeling”. The only way to get the real Char back was to place her near fire, hence the fiery ring ritual in the woods. This worked, but Char sustained a small burn to her cheek. Her family told her the resultant scar was a birthmark.

Rita tells Char that the "new" Angela is also a changeling, and thus the fire ritual must be repeated to get the real Angela back. Although Char appears to agree, when she sees Angela bound and gagged and tied to a bed she is appalled. Despite her grandmother’s protests, Char frees Angela, only to realise too late that Rita spoke the truth, and that this is not the "real" Angela. The changeling kills Rita. Char runs out of the house, but is waylaid by the school bullies, who force her inside an unlit Halloween bonfire. However the bullies are scared off by the approach of the changeling Angela. Angela pushes her way into the bonfire to get to Char, but Char sets the structure alight. Angela burns while Char is rescued from the flames by Suzanne. In the final scene, Angela is restored to her true self, and Char makes her a lucky token from twigs "to keep her safe", as her grandmother had once made for her. Mother and daughter are happy to be together again, ready to move forward with their lives.

## Cast

* Hazel Doupe as Charlotte "Char" Delaney
    + Lucie Doran as young Char
* Carolyn Bracken as Angela Delaney
* Paul Reid as Aaron Delaney
* Jade Jordan as Ms. Devlin
* Ingrid Craigie as Rita Delaney
* Jordanne Jones as Suzanne O'Conner
* Katie White as Kelly
* Aoife Spratt as Officer Jenny
* Martin O'Sullivan as Frank
* Miriam Devitt as TV sitcom - Witch
* Florence Adebambo as Amanda
* Colin Peppard as Jamie
* Madi O'Carroll as Tour Guide

## Reception

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 88% of 77 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 7.50/10. The website's consensus reads: "Smartly creepy, *You Are Not My Mother* engages with a number of thought-provoking themes without sacrificing chills."

## InfoBox

| You Are Not My Mother | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Kate Dolan |
| Written by | Kate Dolan |
| Produced by | Deirdre Levins |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Narayan Van Maele |
| Edited by | John Cutler |
| Music by | Die Hexen |
| Production<br>company | Fantastic Films |
| Distributed by |  |
| Release date | * 13 September 2021 (2021-09-13) (TIFF) |
| Running time | 93 minutes |
| Country | Ireland |
| Language | English |
| Box office | $56,249 |


title: Ibutilide

abstract: Ibutilide is a Class III antiarrhythmic agent that is indicated for acute cardioconversion of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter of a recent onset to sinus rhythm. It exerts its antiarrhythmic effect by induction of slow inward sodium current, which prolongs action potential and refractory period of myocardial cells. Because of its Class III antiarrhythmic activity, there should not be concomitant administration of Class Ia and Class III agents. Ibutilide is marketed as Corvert by Pfizer. Administration resulted in successful heart rhythm control in 31–44% of patients within 90 minutes, with sustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in 0.9–2.5% of patients. It appears to show better results in atrial flutter as compared to atrial fibrillation.

text:
# Ibutilide

**Ibutilide** is a Class III antiarrhythmic agent that is indicated for acute cardioconversion of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter of a recent onset to sinus rhythm. It exerts its antiarrhythmic effect by induction of slow inward sodium current, which prolongs action potential and refractory period of myocardial cells. Because of its Class III antiarrhythmic activity, there should not be concomitant administration of Class Ia and Class III agents.

Ibutilide is marketed as **Corvert** by Pfizer. Administration resulted in successful heart rhythm control in 31–44% of patients within 90 minutes, with sustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in 0.9–2.5% of patients. It appears to show better results in atrial flutter as compared to atrial fibrillation.

## Mechanism of action

Ibutilide, like other class III antiarrhythmic drugs, blocks delayed rectified potassium current.

It does have action on the slow sodium channel and promotes the influx of sodium through these slow channels.

Although potassium current seems to play a role, their interactions are complex and not well understood. Ibutilide's unique mechanism works by an activation of a specific inward sodium current, thus producing its therapeutic response in which a prolonged action potential increases myocytes’ cardiac refractoriness in case of atrial fibrillation and flutter.

## Pharmacokinetics

### Absorption

Ibutilide is intravenously administered. It has a high first-pass metabolism, which results in a poor bioavailability when taken orally. Individual pharmacokinetic properties are highly viable during the clinical trial.

### Distribution

Ibutilide has a relatively large volume of distribution among individual subjects, which is about 11L/kg. Approximately 40% of the drug is bound with plasma albumin of healthy volunteers in a trial. This is also approximately close to patients with atrial fibrillation and flutter.

### Metabolism

Ibutilide has a high systemic plasma clearance that closes to the hepatic blood flow (29mL/min/kg). Its metabolic pathway is via liver's cytochrome P450 system by isoenzymes other than CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 by which the heptyl side chain of ibutilide is oxidized. With eight metabolites are detected in the urine, however, only one is an active metabolite that shares the similar electrophysiologic property of the Class III antiarrhythmic agents. The plasma concentration of this metabolite is only less than 10% of ibutilide.

### Excretion

After administration of ibutilide, it is quickly excreted by renal pathway with a half-life of approximately 6 hours. Approximately 82% of a 0.01 mg/kg dose is excreted in the urine during the trial. Among those, around 7% is excreted as unchanged drug. The remainder of the drug is excreted in feces (about 19%).

## Adverse effects and contraindications

Like other antiarrhythmics, ibutilide can lead to abnormal heart rhythms due to its ability to prolong the QT interval, which can lead to the potentially fatal abnormal heart rhythm known as torsades de pointes. Consequently, the drug is contraindicated in patients that are likely to develop abnormal heart rhythms; this includes individuals who have previously experienced polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, have a prolonged QT interval, sick sinus syndrome, or have recently had a myocardial infarction, among other conditions.

## Patient Information

This medication will be given intravenously for your heart disease. You will have continuously ECG monitoring during the infusion and 4 hours after your infusion. Some of the minor side effects are headache and irregular heartbeat. If you experience chest pain and respiratory difficulties, you should report to your doctors immediately.

## InfoBox

Ibutilide
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Corvert |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a601248 |
| Pregnancy
category | * C |
| Routes of
administration | Intravenous |
| ATC code |  |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | N/A |
| Protein binding | 40% |
| Metabolism | Hepatic oxidation |
| Elimination half-life | 6 hours (2-12 hours) |
| Excretion | Renal (82%), fecal |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name * *N*-(4-{4-\[ethyl(heptyl)amino\]-1-hydroxybutyl}phenyl)methanesulfonamide | |
| CAS Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| IUPHAR/BPS |  |
| DrugBank |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| UNII |  |
| KEGG |  |
| ChEMBL |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C20H36N2O3S |
| Molar mass | 384.58 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| SMILES * O=S(=O)(Nc1ccc(cc1)C(O)CCCN(CC)CCCCCCC)C | |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C20H36N2O3S/c1-4-6-7-8-9-16-22(5-2)17-10-11-20(23)18-12-14-19(15-13-18)21-26(3,24)25/h12-15,20-21,23H,4-11,16-17H2,1-3H3 Y * Key:ALOBUEHUHMBRLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y | |
| (verify) | |


title: Gavagai (film)

abstract: Gavagai is a 2016 Norwegian drama film directed by Rob Tregenza. The film was acclaimed by critics.

text:
# Gavagai (film)

***Gavagai*** is a 2016 Norwegian drama film directed by Rob Tregenza. The film was acclaimed by critics.

## Reception

*Gavagai* garnered acclaim from film critics. Rotten Tomatoes reports 92% approval among 12 critics, and the film has a 91/100 average on Metacritic. Sheri Linden of *The Hollywood Reporter* stated that the film's use of poetry "\[casts\] a fresh light on such familiar movie tropes as the listless traipse of modern-day searchers through overstocked supermarket aisles \[...\] From morning birdsong to the rustle of leaves in the breeze, from the stutter of stalled car engines to the spare and poignant score, there's nothing extraneous in Gavigai \[*sic*\]. As in the best poetry, each image and every sound has the rigor and grace of a well-turned line." Chuck Bowen of *Slant Magazine* also gave the film a highly positive review and argued, "There’s a little of Terrence Malick in Gavagai’s poetic sensibility, but director and co-writer Rob Tregenza lacks Malick’s precious need to flaunt erudition—to bang us on the head with the existential importance of the proceedings. Tregenza’s characters don’t endlessly and ludicrously twirl into the heavens while muttering sweet nothings; instead, they’re viscerally connected to this Earth and imbued with everyday physicality."

Justin Chang of the *Los Angeles Times* praised the realism of *Gavagai*, writing, "Tregenza doesn’t force his two excellent leads to bond or bicker, to arrive at moments of epiphany and catharsis on cue. He knows that even our meaningful encounters with strangers tend to be fleeting ones; he also knows that people are almost always slower to reveal themselves than the movies allow time for." In *Film Journal International*, Simi Horwitz praised the footage of the Norwegian scenery, stating, "The natural world is almost mystical and takes on the quality of a character, especially in the rainy scenes that mirror the characters’ shed and unshed tears—admittedly a cliché, but visually evocative and emotionally stirring nonetheless.” However, Horwitz criticized the intentional omission of subtitles in scenes containing German or Chinese (rather than Norwegian), as well as the fact that some characters are unnamed.

## InfoBox

| Gavagai | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Rob Tregenza |
| Screenplay by | Rob Tregenza
Kirk Kjeldsen |
| Starring | Andreas Lust
Anna-Kristiina Juuso
Mikkel Gaup |
| Edited by | Rob Tregenza |
| Music by | Earecka Tregenza-Moody
Jason Moody |
| Distributed by | Shadow Distribution |
| Release date | * October 21, 2016 (2016-10-21) |
| Running time | 90 minutes |


title: WUJS Arad Institute

abstract:
The WUJS Arad Institute was a Jewish educational institute in Arad, Israel established in 1968, known in Hebrew as
מכון להכשרה וקליטת אקדמיים. In 2006, WUJS Arad came under the sponsorship of Hadassah, the Women's Zionist Organization of America. In 2008, the program relocated to Jerusalem. WUJS Arad over the years offered programs ranging from five months to a year, of post-graduate studies for Jewish adults ages 21–35 who completed at least a first degree in college from all over the world, and included classes Ulpan to learn the Hebrew language as well as courses in Jewish and Israel Studies. Four separate study tracks were offered: Land, Language and Society, the core study track; an Arts Track residency program for artists; and the Peace and Social Justice Track, which combined a semester of study in Arad with a semester of interning at Israeli social change organizations and Zman Tel Aviv, with focus on community-related volunteer work in Israel's largest city. As of 2008, the WUJS Institute has had over 8,000 participants, of whom approximately 25% have made Aliyah to Israel.

text:
# WUJS Arad Institute

The **WUJS Arad Institute** was a Jewish educational institute in Arad, Israel established in 1968, known in Hebrew as מכון להכשרה וקליטת אקדמיים. In 2006, WUJS Arad came under the sponsorship of Hadassah, the Women's Zionist Organization of America. In 2008, the program relocated to Jerusalem.

WUJS Arad over the years offered programs ranging from five months to a year, of post-graduate studies for Jewish adults ages 21–35 who completed at least a first degree in college from all over the world, and included classes Ulpan to learn the Hebrew language as well as courses in Jewish and Israel Studies. Four separate study tracks were offered: Land, Language and Society, the core study track; an Arts Track residency program for artists; and the Peace and Social Justice Track, which combined a semester of study in Arad with a semester of interning at Israeli social change organizations and Zman Tel Aviv, with focus on community-related volunteer work in Israel's largest city.

As of 2008, the WUJS Institute has had over 8,000 participants, of whom approximately 25% have made Aliyah to Israel.

## WUJS Arad Land language and Society Track

The Land Language and Society track offered intense Hebrew Language study, courses in Jewish and Israel Studies, weekly field seminar trips around Israel and many opportunities to interact with Israeli society, especially in the surrounding city of Arad and in the Negev region of Israel.

## WUJS Arad Arts Project

The WUJS Institute's Arad Arts Program, founded in 1991, was a subsidized residency for visual artists, musicians, writers, dancers, and choreographers from around the world.

The Arts Project was designed for accomplished artists with experience in their field of creativity. Applicants were required hold an academic degree and be above age 21. The Project also features an intensive Hebrew Ulpan (language acquisition) program.

The culmination of the Arts Project was an Art Exhibition of the participant artists and their works in both Arad and in the heart of Tel Aviv.

In addition to fostering global artistic talent, the WUJS Arad Arts Project, established in 1991, uniquely combined residency for visual artists, writers, musicians, and choreographers with an immersive Hebrew Ulpan program. Geared towards skilled artists above the age of 21, the project offered a platform for creative exchange and culminated in a vibrant art exhibition, showcasing participants' diverse works in both Arad and the vibrant cityscape of Tel Aviv.

## WUJS Arad Peace and Social Justice Program

The WUJS Institute's Peace and Social Justice Program (PSJ), was a combination of Hebrew language instruction, Israel studies and an internship in a social change organization in Israel.

The PSJ Program ran two semesters. The first semester was based in the WUJS Institute in Arad, while the second semester, an internship placement in a social change organization, was located elsewhere in Israel. This ten-week internship with an approved social change organization consisted of 30 hours per week. The organizations in which interns were placed work to strengthen democracy and support social justice in areas such as: civil and human rights, the status of women, Jewish-Arab coexistence, religious pluralism and tolerance, social and economic equality immigrant absorption and the environment.

## Zman Tel Aviv

The Zman Tel Aviv Track at WUJS Arad was scheduled to open in September 2008. The track consisted of a five-month community service internship period in the city of Tel Aviv. Projects available for the internees include work in art and cultural promotion, public relations, work in local media, and more.

## Program Operation Changes

In June 2008, the decision was made to close the WUJS facility in Arad and to relocate in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv under the management of Hadassah's Young Judaea in Israel. The program in Arad closed on September 24, 2008. The program was given the name WUJS Israel. The first session of WUJS Israel, including the new Tel Aviv track, opened on September 2, 2008. Subsequent sessions are scheduled to open annually in January and August. In July 2012, Young Judaea Israel Spined off from Hadassah to Independence and WUJS Israel became a program solely run by Young Judaea Israel with locations in The Florentine neighborhood of Tel Aviv and Merkaz HaCarmel in Haifa. Today the program offers personally tailored professional internships, Hebrew studies, and weekly educational excursions.


title: Piedade River

abstract: The Piedade River is a river of Paraná state in southern Brazil.

text:
# Piedade River

The **Piedade River** is a river of Paraná state in southern Brazil.

## InfoBox

| Piedade River | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
| Country | Brazil |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| location | Paraná state |
|  | |
| Mouth | Ribeira de Iguape River |
| location | Cerro Azul |
| coordinates | 24°53′S 49°24′W / 24.883°S 49.400°W / -24.883; -49.400 |


title: Pop McKale

abstract: James Fred "Pop" McKale was an American football and baseball player, coach of football, basketball, baseball, and track, and college athletics administrator. He is best known for his four-decade association with the University of Arizona. He served as athletic director at U of A from 1914 to 1957. He served as Arizona's head football coach from 1914 to 1930, compiling a record of 80–32–6. McKale was also the head basketball coach at Arizona from 1914 to 1921, tallying a mark of 49–12, and the head baseball coach at the school from 1915 to 1919 and again from 1922 to 1949, amassing a record of 304–118–7. McKale was inducted into the Arizona Sportsmen Hall of Fame in 1959 and was a charter member of the Arizona Sports Hall of Fame, inducted in 1976. The McKale Center, the University of Arizona's home basketball venue, was opened in 1973 and named in McKale's honor.

text:
# Pop McKale

**James Fred "Pop" McKale** (June 12, 1887 – June 1, 1967) was an American football and baseball player, coach of football, basketball, baseball, and track, and college athletics administrator. He is best known for his four-decade association with the University of Arizona. He served as athletic director at U of A from 1914 to 1957. He served as Arizona's head football coach from 1914 to 1930, compiling a record of 80–32–6. McKale was also the head basketball coach at Arizona from 1914 to 1921, tallying a mark of 49–12, and the head baseball coach at the school from 1915 to 1919 and again from 1922 to 1949, amassing a record of 304–118–7. McKale was inducted into the Arizona Sportsmen Hall of Fame in 1959 and was a charter member of the Arizona Sports Hall of Fame, inducted in 1976. The McKale Center, the University of Arizona's home basketball venue, was opened in 1973 and named in McKale's honor.

## Early life

McKale was born in Lansing, Michigan to William H. and Clara (Bateman) McKale on June 12, 1887. He graduated from Lansing High School in 1905. While enrolled at Albion College, McKale competed in baseball, football, and long jump. McKale was named a two-time All-State athlete in both football and baseball at Albion College. He helped the football team win a Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association championship in 1908 and served as the team's captain in 1908 and 1909. A four-year varsity letter winner in both baseball and football, McKale served as the student president of the MIAA in 1909–10. He graduated with a degree in history and chemistry in 1910.

As a student, McKale was offered a minor league baseball by the Minneapolis Millers. He instead decided to become a teacher and accepted a position in Superior, Wisconsin. The next year, McKale saw an advertisement for a teaching position at Tucson High School in Tucson, Arizona. The school principal, Harold Steele, was a fellow Albion alum and he hired McKale by telegram.

Following his arrival in September 1911, McKale taught history and served as the coach for all of Tucson High's athletic programs. At the time THS had no mascot so Pop, being from Wisconsin said, "We'll be the Badgers!" The school made the colors red and white and the THS Badger logo was copied from the Wisconsin Badger.

On Thanksgiving that year his football team defeated the University of Arizona junior varsity squad 11–0. After McKale's baseball team won a game against U of A's baseball team, Arizona students began petitioning their school to hire McKale. School officials obliged, and hired McKale on June 2, 1914.

McKale married Ada L. Sackett on July 31, 1915. The union produced three daughters: Elizabeth, Ruth, and Marian. McKale completed a Master of Education with a minor in law in 1919.

## Coaching career

Upon his arrival at the University of Arizona, McKale served as the school's athletic director and coach for the varsity football and basketball teams. In 1915 he added track and baseball to his coaching duties. He coached the track and basketball teams for 7 seasons. As a basketball coach, McKale achieved a record of 49 wins and 12 losses, going undefeated during the 1914–15, 1915–16, and 1920–21 seasons (season records of 9–0, 5–0, and 7–0 respectively). McKale coached baseball from 1915 to 1949, achieving a record of 302 wins and 102 losses.

As football coach, McKale earned a record of 80 wins, 32 losses and 6 ties between 1914 and 1930. It was in this role that he was also involved in the creation of several of the University of Arizona's athletic traditions. The school's nickname comes from a 1914 game coached by McKale against Occidental College. Following the game a Los Angeles Times reporter wrote "“the Arizona men showed the fight of wildcats…” The school motto came over a decade later. On October 3, 1926, John "Button" Salmon was involved in an automobile accident which caused severe damage to his spine. Salmon was the student body president, starting quarterback, catcher for the baseball team, Sigma Nu member, and member of multiple student honorary organizations. McKale visited Salmon every day in the hospital until Salmon's death on October 19. During his last visit, McKale asked if Salmon had a message for the football team. Salmon replied "Tell them ... tell them to bear down." McKale told the football team of Salmon's message during a pregame talk before their next game. The phrase "Bear Down" became the school's motto in 1927 following a student-led proposal.

As athletic director, McKale oversaw the construction of most of U of A's initial athletic infrastructure. The university's first basketball arena, the Men's Gymnasium (now Bear Down Gym), was completed in 1926. Arizona Stadium in turn was opened in 1929 and regularly sold out its 27,000 seats. McKale retired in 1957 due to the school's then mandatory retirement age of 70.

Outside of athletics, McKale pursued several other activities. He founded the university's Sigma Nu chapter in 1918. McKale was also interested in history, with his primary focus upon George Washington and Abraham Lincoln. His book, *Abraham Lincoln: The Politician*, was published in 1957.

McKale received a number of honors for his athletic accomplishments. He was inducted into the Arizona Sportsmen Hall of Fame in 1959, became a charter member of the Arizona Sports Hall of Fame in 1976, and was inducted into the Pima County Sports Hall of Fame in 1996. McKale Memorial Center is named in his honor. The University of Arizona also named a street (since renamed after Fred Enke) and the school's aquatic center (since renamed for a sponsor that provided funds to refurbish the center) after him.

McKale died from a heart attack on June 1, 1967.

## Head coaching record

### Football

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Arizona Wildcats** *(Independent)* (1914–1930) | | | | | | | | |
| 1914 | Arizona | 4–1 |  |  |  |
| 1915 | Arizona | 5–3 |  |  |  |
| 1916 | Arizona | 5–3 |  |  |  |
| 1917 | Arizona | 3–2 |  |  |  |
| 1918 | No teamWorld War I |  |  |  |  |
| 1919 | Arizona | 7–1 |  |  |  |
| 1920 | Arizona | 6–1 |  |  |  |
| 1921 | Arizona | 7–2 |  |  | **L** San Diego East-West Christmas Classic |
| 1922 | Arizona | 6–3 |  |  |  |
| 1923 | Arizona | 5–3 |  |  |  |
| 1924 | Arizona | 2–4 |  |  |  |
| 1925 | Arizona | 3–3–1 |  |  |  |
| 1926 | Arizona | 5–1–1 |  |  |  |
| 1927 | Arizona | 4–2–1 |  |  |  |
| 1928 | Arizona | 5–1–2 |  |  |  |
| 1929 | Arizona | 7–1 |  |  |  |
| 1930 | Arizona | 6–1–1 |  |  |  |
| **Arizona:** | | 80–32–6 |  |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 80–32–6 |  | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

Pop McKale
| Biographical details | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1887-06-12)June 12, 1887
Lansing, Michigan, U.S. |
| Died | June 1, 1967(1967-06-01) (aged 79)
Tucson, Arizona, U.S. |
| Playing career | |
| Football | |
| 1906–1909 | Albion |
| Baseball | |
| 1907–1910 | Albion |
|  | |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| Football | |
| 1914–1930 | Arizona |
| Basketball | |
| 1914–1921 | Arizona |
| Baseball | |
| 1915–1919 | Arizona |
| 1922–1949 | Arizona |
|  | |
| Administrative career (AD unless noted) | |
| 1914–1957 | Arizona |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 80–32–6 (football)
49–12 (basketball)
304–118–7 (baseball) |
| Bowls | 0–1 |
|  | |


title: Marsha Miller

abstract: Marsha Miller is a retired beach volleyball player from the United States. Miller won the silver medal in the women's beach team competition at the 1999 Pan American Games in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, partnering with Jenny Pavley.

text:
# Marsha Miller

**Marsha Miller** (born January 15, 1969, in Rochester, New York) is a retired beach volleyball player from the United States. Miller won the silver medal in the women's beach team competition at the 1999 Pan American Games in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, partnering with Jenny Pavley.

## InfoBox

| Marsha Miller | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | January 15, 1969 (1969-01-15) (age 55)<br>Rochester, New York, U.S. |
| Height | 6 ft 1 in (185 cm) |
| Beach volleyball information | |
| Teammate  Jenny Pavley | |
| Medal record      Women's beach volleyball  Representing the  United States  Pan American Games  1999 Winnipeg  Beach | |


title: Oncideres bouchardi

abstract: Oncideres bouchardi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1865. It is known from Colombia, Panama and Venezuela.

text:
# Oncideres bouchardi

***Oncideres bouchardi*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1865. It is known from Colombia, Panama and Venezuela.

## InfoBox

| *Oncideres bouchardi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Oncideres* |
| Species: | ***O. bouchardi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oncideres bouchardi***<br>Bates, 1865 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Oncideres bouchardii* Bates, 1865 | |


title: Nat Howard

abstract: Nat Howard is an American former Negro league pitcher who played in the 1920s. Howard played for the Lincoln Giants in 1929. In six recorded appearances on the mound, he posted a 7.60 ERA over 34.1 innings.

text:
# Nat Howard

**Nat Howard** is an American former Negro league pitcher who played in the 1920s.

Howard played for the Lincoln Giants in 1929. In six recorded appearances on the mound, he posted a 7.60 ERA over 34.1 innings.

## InfoBox

| Nat Howard | |
| --- | --- |
| **Pitcher** | |
| Negro league baseball debut | |
| 1929, for the Lincoln Giants | |
| Last appearance | |
| 1929, for the Lincoln Giants | |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Young Prayer

abstract: Young Prayer is the second solo album by American experimental pop musician Panda Bear, released on September 28, 2004. It follows his debut solo album Panda Bear (1999). It is his first since co-founding Animal Collective.

text:
# Young Prayer

***Young Prayer*** is the second solo album by American experimental pop musician Panda Bear, released on September 28, 2004. It follows his debut solo album *Panda Bear* (1999). It is his first since co-founding Animal Collective.

## Background

None of the songs on the album have a title because Lennox wanted the album to be "one nugget of sound. I put the track markers in there just to separate the sections."

The songs were all written around the time of the death of Lennox' father. About this fact, Lennox said:

> It was more a gift to my father when he was sick and I wanted to make him happy if I could and I wanted to cheer him up and I wanted to tell him that he’d done really great in his time. I was pretty fucked up but I wanted to keep going and I wanted to have strength and I suppose that comes out in the recording. I wouldn’t say it was therapeutic though, at least I never thought of it that way.

In another Interview, Lennox got into detail about this:

> \[...\] he \[his father\] did get to hear the roughs of the album’s songs, if not the finished version. That was recorded in the room he actually died in, so it was especially intense. With Young Prayer, I wanted to tell him that he had taught me really well. I wanted to be like, ‘It’s been really good hanging out and learning from you, you’ve been a really good man and set a good example’.

The whole album was written in a very quick process and recorded with Animal Collective member Deakin in "two or three days or something."
According to the artist, it "is very classically influenced. All the weird baroque flourishes and stuff in terms of the way I’m singing. And that was definitely intentional, I set out to do something that sounded like that."
The album was produced and mixed entirely without Lennox by Rusty Santos and the rest of Animal Collective. Though it was changed quite a bit during the post-production, Lennox was "very happy with the way it sounded" when he received the result.

The album art was produced by Abby Portner, the sister of fellow Animal Collective member Dave Portner aka Avey Tare.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 76/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| Coke Machine Glow | 77% |
| *NME* | 8/10 |
| *Pitchfork* | 8.5/10 |
| Playlouder |  |
| Sputnikmusic | 4.0/5 |
| *Stylus Magazine* | A− |
| *Tiny Mix Tapes* |  |
| *Uncut* |  |
| *Under the Radar* | 4/10 |

The album was a critical success, even being labeled "Best New Music" by Pitchfork.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Noah Lennox

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Untitled | 2:57 |
| 2. | Untitled | 2:03 |
| 3. | Untitled | 1:05 |
| 4. | Untitled | 5:10 |
| 5. | Untitled | 3:00 |
| 6. | Untitled | 3:10 |
| 7. | Untitled | 3:10 |
| 8. | Untitled | 2:48 |
| 9. | Untitled | 4:45 |
| Total length: | | 27:58 |

## InfoBox

| Young Prayer | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Panda Bear | |
| Released | September 28, 2004 |
| Genre | Psychedelic folk |
| Length | 28:08 |
| Label | Paw Tracks |
| Producer | Rusty Santos, Animal Collective |
| Panda Bear chronology | |
| *Hollinndagain*
(2002) ***Young Prayer***
(2004) *Person Pitch*
(2007) | |


title: Ian Mackenzie-Kerr

abstract: Ian Mackenzie-Kerr was a British book designer. He worked for Thames & Hudson for almost fifty years, where he was instrumental in transforming the appearance of their books.

text:
# Ian Mackenzie-Kerr

**Ian Mackenzie-Kerr** (18 November 1929  27 May 2005) was a British book designer. He worked for Thames & Hudson for almost fifty years, where he was instrumental in transforming the appearance of their books.

## Life and work

Ian Mackenzie-Kerr was born and died in London, and was the son of a hotel manager. He was educated at Bryanston School in Dorset, where he developed his interest in art and drama under the leadership of the headmaster, Thorold Coade. He undertook National Service in Cyprus as an intelligence officer monitoring Arabic language broadcasts. In 1950, he started four years at Goldsmiths College, University of London, and was inspired enough to attend the Festival of Britain on the South Bank twice in 1951. He then moved to the Royal College of Art (1954–57), where he was taught about illustration by Edward Ardizzone and Edward Bawden.

Early on in his publishing career, with his theatrical background, he was offered Peter Cook's role in Beyond the Fringe on the tour of Australia.

When Mackenzie-Kerr joined Thames & Hudson in 1957, the art department was almost non-existent. Previously, illustrations in T&H books had been badly implemented, with poor colour reproduction. Mackenzie-Kerr transformed the situation for the company.

In 1962, Nikolaus Pevsner persuaded Mackenzie-Kerr to become designer and joint editor of the Victorian Society Annual with Ian Sutton, a colleague at Thames & Hudson. He produced the drawings for *Strong Points* by Roy Strong. Mackenzie-Kerr has featured in books about book design, being very adaptable as the technology of book design changed during his career.


title: Pleasant View, Tennessee

abstract: Pleasant View is a city on the northern border of Cheatham County. Located in Middle Tennessee, it is part of the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Franklin, TN Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, the city's population was 4,807.

text:
# Pleasant View, Tennessee

**Pleasant View** is a city on the northern border of Cheatham County. Located in Middle Tennessee, it is part of the Nashville-DavidsonMurfreesboroFranklin, TN Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, the city's population was 4,807.

## Pleasant View Village

The Pleasant View Village is a well-known vibrant community of businesses and a neighborhood blended together. This includes restaurants, physicians' offices, a liquor store, an optometrist office, a chiropractic office, a preschool, and more. It is one of the main attraction sites in Pleasant View.

## History

In the earlier days, Pleasant View was formerly known as "Bradley's Stand," as well as "Turnbull Horse Stamp." The mail and telegraph lines ran from Clarksville to Nashville, and the Town of Pleasant View served as stagecoach stop and rest area between the two cities.

The town was named Pleasant View by a group of citizens in 1870. The first post office began in 1880.

Pleasant View was incorporated under a house bill in 1921 and consisted of approximately 105 acres. The local government consisted of a mayor and six aldermen and was divided into three wards. The town was unincorporated ten years later. In 1996, when the citizens of Pleasant View voted to re-incorporate under a public act mayor/Aldermanic Charter.

The population of Pleasant View at the time of the incorporation was approximately 2,150. Initially, the town of Pleasant View was governed by a mayor and two aldermen. David Davis served as Mayor from October 10, 1996, until December 1998. Morris Bidwell served as Vice-Mayor, Alderman, and Don Worrell served as Alderman.

In 1998, the town voted to increase the number of Aldermen to serve on the Board to four. Pleasant View City Hall is currently located at 1008 Civic Court.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 12.6 square miles (33 km2), all land.

The town is bounded on the North by the Robertson/Cheatham county line. The Eastern boundary goes from Goodsprings Road to Triangle Road, the Southern Boundary goes along Old Clarksville Pike from Triangle Road to Oaklawn Road, and the Western boundary goes along Oaklawn Road back to the Robertson/Cheatham County line.

Pleasant View maintains around 55 city streets (about 24 miles).

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1930 | 177 |  |  |
| 2000 | 2,934 |  |  |
| 2010 | 4,149 |  | 41.4% |
| 2020 | 4,807 |  | 15.9% |
| Sources: | | | |

### 2020 census

Pleasant View racial composition
| Race | Number | Percentage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 116 | 2.41% |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 4,208 | 87.54% |
| Native American | 13 | 0.27% |
| Asian | 46 | 0.96% |
| Pacific Islander | 4 | 0.08% |
| Other/Mixed | 213 | 4.43% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 207 | 4.31% |

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 4,807 people, 1,587 households, and 1,269 families residing in the city.

### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 4,149 people, 1,005 households, and 843 families residing in the city. The population density was 233.6 inhabitants per square mile (90.2/km2). There were 1,537 housing units at an average density of 83.1 per square mile (32.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 97.85% White, 0.41% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.10% Asian, 0.20% from other races, and 1.23% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.78% of the population.

There were 1,005 households, out of which 48.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.3% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.1% were non-families. 13.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.91, and the average family size was 3.19.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 31.6% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 36.4% from 25 to 44, 19.1% from 45 to 64, and 6.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $54,236, and the median income for a family was $60,543. Males had a median income of $40,490 versus $27,672 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,236. About 2.8% of families and 4.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.0% of those under age 18 and 13.4% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

Schools in Pleasant View include Pleasant View Christian School, Pleasant View Elementary School, Sycamore Middle School, and Sycamore High School.

## Government

Pleasant View uses a city council consisting of five members, including the mayor. The current mayor is Republican Bill Anderson.

## InfoBox

| Pleasant View, Tennessee | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| Pleasant View welcome sign | |
|  | |
| Motto(s): Away from it all, close to everything | |
| Location of Pleasant View in Cheatham County, Tennessee. | |
| Pleasant ViewLocation within TennesseePleasant ViewLocation within the United States | |
| Coordinates: 36°23′39″N 87°02′12″W / 36.3942164°N 87.0366685°W / 36.3942164; -87.0366685 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Tennessee |
| County | Cheatham |
| Incorporated | 1996 |
| Government | |
| Type | City council |
| Mayor | Bill Anderson |
| Vice Mayor | Bruce Drake |
| Chief of Police | Tad Wheeler
Government website (2023) |
| Area | |
| Total | 12.52 sq mi (32.43 km2) |
| Land | 12.52 sq mi (32.43 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 692 ft (211 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 4,807 |
| Density | 383.88/sq mi (148.22/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 37146 |
| Area code(s) | 615, 629 |
| FIPS code | 47-59560 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1297944 |
| Website | https://townofpleasantview.com/ |


title: Wallace's Tower

abstract: Wallace's Tower is a ruined 16th-century L-plan tower house, about 3 miles (4.8 km) south west Kelso, Scottish Borders, Scotland, in Roxburgh, west of the River Teviot.

text:
# Wallace's Tower

**Wallace's Tower** is a ruined 16th-century L-plan tower house, about 3 miles (4.8 km) south west Kelso, Scottish Borders, Scotland, in Roxburgh, west of the River Teviot.

## History

The property belonged to the Kerrs of Cessford. A charter of 1543, which confirmed Walter Ker of Cessford as owner of the lands of the East Mains of Roxburgh, mentions the tower. It has been suggested that it formed part of a chain of signal towers created to warn of English incursions.

## Structure

The tower comprised a main block, with a vaulted basement, and a stair wing, with a tower added at a corner. The main tower was rectangular, with the wings on its north. One vaulted cellar, which measured 28.5 feet (8.7 m) by 16.5 feet (5.0 m), had two aumbries in the north west wall. There was a service-stair to the north tower, and a door into a vaulted chamber (measuring almost 12 feet (3.7 m) by over 11 feet (3.4 m) with an aumbry in the south west gable) the lowest storey of the south wing. The tower is constructed of freestone rubble. Its windows, which are small, have rounded arises.

55°34′01″N 2°28′37″W / 55.56705°N 2.477074°W / 55.56705; -2.477074

## InfoBox

| Wallace’s Tower | |
| --- | --- |
| Wallace's Tower remains | |
| Wallace’s Tower | |
| Coordinates | 55°34′01″N 2°28′37″W / 55.56705°N 2.477074°W / 55.56705; -2.477074 |
| Site information | |
| Owner | Clan Kerr |
| Condition | ruined |
| Site history | |
| Built | 16th century |
| Materials | rubble |


title: Pill (rapper)

abstract: Tyrone Gregory Rivers, better known by his stage name Pill, is an American rapper from Atlanta, Georgia.

text:
# Pill (rapper)

**Tyrone Gregory Rivers**, better known by his stage name **Pill**, is an American rapper from Atlanta, Georgia.

## Musical career

In early 2009, Pill's first mixtape *4180: The Prescription*, and his first single "Trap Goin' Ham" was released. In September 2009, Pill was featured in *The Source*'s Unsigned Hype section. The mixtape received praise from fellow Atlanta rapper André 3000. Later that year he was featured in *XXL*'s Show & Prove section. He also appeared on Killer Mike's *Underground Atlanta* compilation, on the tracks "Bunkin'" and "Grind Time." Pill's second mixtape *4075: The Refill* and his second single off the mixtape "Glass" was released.

In 2010, he was featured on the cover of *XXL* as part of the XXL Freshman 10 line-up, with Donnis, Nipsey Hussle, Jay Rock, J. Cole, OJ da Juiceman and more. In June 2010, he released his third mixtape and first Gangsta Grillz mixtape *1140: The Overdose* which was hosted by DJ Drama. He later appeared on fellow XXL Freshman Freddie Gibbs's EP *Str8 Killa No Filla* on the track "Do Wrong." He was also featured on "Introducing the Business" by Mark Ronson, which featured on Ronson's album Record Collection.

Maybach Music Group, the hip-hop imprint founded by Rick Ross, has announced a partnership with Warner Bros. Records. Maybach also announced its latest signee, Atlanta rapper Pill, on 22 February 2011.

Recently Pill was featured on "Ya Killin Me", a song off of Tech N9ne's new *All 6's and 7's* album, which appeared as a bonus track.

On 3 January 2012, Pill announced that he was leaving Maybach Music Group Imprint and Warner Bros. Records via his Twitter account.

After a six-year hiatus, Pill released a single "Back Right" on 15 February 2018, produced by 808 Mafia.

## Discography

### Mixtapes

* *4180: The Prescription* (2009)
* *4075: The Refill* (2009)
* *1140: The Overdose* (2010)
* *The Diagnosis* (2011)
* *The Epidemic* (2012)

## InfoBox

| Pill | |
| --- | --- |
| Pill at SXSW in 2010 | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Tyrone Gregory Rivers |
| Born | (1986-11-27) 27 November 1986<br>Atlanta, Georgia |
| Genres | Hip hop |
| Occupation | Rapper |
| Years active | 2009–present |
|  | |
| Website | pill4180.com |


title: Pop Mašina

abstract: Pop Mašina was a Yugoslav progressive rock band formed in Belgrade in 1972. Pop Mašina is considered one of the most prominent bands of the 1970s Yugoslav rock scene. The band was formed by bass guitarist and vocalist Robert Nemeček, guitarist and vocalist Zoran Božinović, drummer Ratislav "Raša" Đelmaš and vocalist Sava Bojić. Đelmaš and Bojić left Pop Mašina soon after its formation, and the band continued as a trio with the new drummer, Mihajlo "Bata" Popović. The lineup featuring Nemeček, Zoran Božinović and Popović was the longest lasting, the most successful and the best known Pop Mašina lineup. One of the first bands on the Yugoslav rock scene to move from jazz- and classical music-influenced progressive rock towards heavier rock sound, Pop Mašina managed to gain large popularity as a live act with their hard rock sound with blues, psychedelic and acid rock elements. The band released two studio albums and a live album—their debut Kiselina (Acid) today considered one of the most notable records in the history of Yugoslav rock—before Nemeček left the band in 1976 for his mandatory army stint. Zoran Božinović continued to lead Pop Mašina, the new lineup featuring his brother Vidoja "Džindžer" Božinović on guitar. The new lineup of Pop Mašina saw little success, and the band officially disbanded in 1978. In 1980, Nemeček and the Božinović brothers formed the short-lasting hard rock and heavy metal band Rok Mašina.

text:
# Pop Mašina

**Pop Mašina** (Serbian Cyrillic: Поп Машина; trans. *Pop Machine*) was a Yugoslav progressive rock band formed in Belgrade in 1972. Pop Mašina is considered one of the most prominent bands of the 1970s Yugoslav rock scene.

The band was formed by bass guitarist and vocalist Robert Nemeček, guitarist and vocalist Zoran Božinović, drummer Ratislav "Raša" Đelmaš and vocalist Sava Bojić. Đelmaš and Bojić left Pop Mašina soon after its formation, and the band continued as a trio with the new drummer, Mihajlo "Bata" Popović. The lineup featuring Nemeček, Zoran Božinović and Popović was the longest lasting, the most successful and the best known Pop Mašina lineup. One of the first bands on the Yugoslav rock scene to move from jazz\- and classical music-influenced progressive rock towards heavier rock sound, Pop Mašina managed to gain large popularity as a live act with their hard rock sound with blues, psychedelic and acid rock elements. The band released two studio albums and a live album—their debut *Kiselina* (*Acid*) today considered one of the most notable records in the history of Yugoslav rock—before Nemeček left the band in 1976 for his mandatory army stint. Zoran Božinović continued to lead Pop Mašina, the new lineup featuring his brother Vidoja "Džindžer" Božinović on guitar. The new lineup of Pop Mašina saw little success, and the band officially disbanded in 1978. In 1980, Nemeček and the Božinović brothers formed the short-lasting hard rock and heavy metal band Rok Mašina (*Rock Machine*).

## Band history

### 1972–1978

The band was formed in Belgrade in 1972 by Robert Nemeček (a former member of the bands Dogovor iz 1804., Džentlmeni, and Intro, bass guitar and vocals), Zoran Božinović (a former member of Excellent, Rokeri, Džentlmeni, and Intro, guitar and vocals), Ratislav "Raša" Đelmaš (drums) and Sava Bojić (vocals). Very soon, Bojić left the band—in 1974 he would join the progressive rock band Tako and soon after Đelmaš also left, joining YU Grupa. Đelmaš was replaced by a former Rokeri, Intro, and Siluete member Mihajlo "Bata" Popović, Pop Mašina continuing as a power trio.

Pop Mašina was one of the first bands on the Yugoslav rock scene to move from the late 1960s and early 1970s jazz\- and classical music-influenced progressive rock towards heavier rock sound. They often held free concerts, and in 1972 they organized a free open-air concert at Hajdučka česma in Belgrade, which featured, alongside Pop Mašina, performances by S Vremena Na Vreme, Porodična Manufaktura Crnog Hleba and other bands. During the same year, the band released their debut record through PGP-RTB record label – a 7-inch single with the songs "Sjaj u očima" ("Glowing Eyes") and "Put ka Suncu" ("Road to Sun"), which had both already gained attention of the audience on their live performances, the recording of the latter featuring Porodična Manufaktura Crnog Hleba flutist Branimir Malkoč. Good reception of their debut single provided them with an opportunity to record new material. Their following 7-inch single, released in 1973, featured the songs "Promenićemo svet" ("We'll Change the World") and "Svemirska priča" ("Space Tale"), both inspired by hippie movement and featuring members of the Indian music band Ganeša Ljubomir Ristić (on sitar) and Bojan Kveder (on tabla). During the same year, on 25 May, which was celebrated as Youth Day in Yugoslavia, Pop Mašina organized another free concert at Hajdučka česma, which featured the bands Jutro, Grupa 220, Vlada i Bajka, Med and other acts.

In 1973, Pop Mašina released their debut album, *Kiselina* (*Acid*), through PGP-RTB. The album featured hard rock sound with psychedelic and acid rock elements, but also featured acoustic sections in the tracks like "Mir" ("Peace") and "Povratak zvezdama" ("Return to the Stars"). The album's main theme was a psychedelic experience; originally, the opening track should have been "Tražim put" ("I'm Searching for a Trip"), allegorically describing narrator's attempts to find a drug dealer. In a 2011 interview, Nemeček stated that he wrote the original lyrics for the album after some notes he made while being under the influence of LSD. However, the band realized the censors in the state-owned PGP-RTB might refuse to approve the release of the album and decided to cover up the album concept. They made changes to the songs and altered the original track listing. The original album cover, designed by cartoonist and graphic designer Jugoslav Vlahović, who was aware of the album concept, featured psychedelic artwork inspired by the psychedelic portraits of The Beatles. However, realizing that the artwork might reveal the album's theme to PGP-RTB censors and editors, band members and Vlahović decided to put a simple photograph of the band on the cover. *Kiselina* featured numerous guest musicians: Pop Mašina former member Raša Đelmaš on drums, a former Porodična Manufaktura Crnog Hleba member Branimir Malkoč on flute, Sloba Marković on keyboards, SOS member Miša Aleksić on bass guitar, and singer-songwriter Drago Mlinarec, S Vremena Na Vreme members Ljuba Ninković and Vojislav Đukić and the members of the trio DAG on backing vocals. Pop Mašina and S Vremena Na Vreme would continue to cooperate in studio and on live appearances, and in 1975 Nemeček would appear as a guest on S Vremena Na Vreme self-titled debut album. Despite Pop Mašina members' efforts to cover up the album theme, after its release a journalist for the *Ilustrovana Politika* magazine who spent some time in the United States revealed the true meaning of the album title to PGP-RTB editors.

After the release of *Kiselina*, the band held a large number of concerts across Yugoslavia. They had numerous performances in Belgrade Sports Hall. These concerts were organized with the help of Aleksandar Tijanić, at the time a journalism student, and other Yugoslav progressive rock bands were often invited to perform. Pop Mašina had an attractive on-stage appearance: Božinović was one of the first Yugoslav guitarists that played long guitar solos and used to play guitar with a bow and behind his back. On one of these concerts Nemeček smashed his bass guitar and threw it into the audience; it was caught by young musician Miroslav Cvetković, who fixed it and later used it on live performances. Cvetković would later himself become a member of Pop Mašina.

At the beginning of 1975, in Akademik Studio in Ljubljana, the band recorded their second studio album, *Na izvoru svetlosti* (*At the Spring of Light*). The album was produced by Ivo Umek and Nemeček. It featured Ljuba Ninković and Sloba Marković as guest musicians. The album featured one live track, the blues song "Negde daleko" ("Somewhere Far Away"), recorded on the band's concert held in Belgrade Sports Hall on 2 January 1974. The song "Rekvijem za prijatelja" ("Requiem for a Friend"), with lyrics written by Ljuba Ninković, was dedicated to Predrag Jovičić, the vocalist of the band San, who earlier that year died from an electric shock on a concert in Čair Sports Center in Niš. The song was musically inspired by Johann Sebastian Bach's choral composition and featured a string quartet. The album also featured a new version of the song "Zemlja svetlosti" ("Land of Light"), previously released on a 7-inch single. After the album release, the band was joined by the keyboardist Oliver Mandić. However, he left the band after only several performances, later gaining fame as a solo artist. He was replaced by former Moira member Dragan Velikić, whose stint with the band was also short, from May 1975 until the beginning of 1976.

Due to their reputation of a band with attractive live performances, Pop Mašina members decided to record a live album. In 1976, the band released the live album *Put ka Suncu*, recorded on three different performances in Belgrade Sports Hall, thus becoming the first Yugoslav band to release a solo live album (as prior to *Put ka Suncu* only various artists live albums—usually recorded on Yugoslav rock festivals—were released). However, due to technical limitations, the album did not see the expected critical success. The A-side of the album featured the tracks "Tražim put", "In memoriam (Sećam se)" ("In Memoriam (I Remember)") and "Negde daleko", while the B-side featured the 19-minute version of "Put ka Suncu".

At the end of 1976, Nemeček left the band to serve his mandatory stint in the Yugoslav army, Mihajlović leaving the band soon after. Zoran Božinović was joined by his brother, guitarist Vidoja "Džindžer" Božinović (a former Dim Bez Vatre member), bass guitarist Dušan "Duda" Petrović and drummer Dušan "Đuka" Đukić (a former Innamorata member). The new Pop Mašina lineup started experimenting with jazz rock sound, but soon turned to conventional hard rock. After Nemeček returned from the army, he did not rejoin Pop Mašina; he moved to London, where he started working in the music instruments company Toma & Co.

The new Pop Mašina lineup performed, alongside Zdravo, Zlatni Prsti, Drugi Način, Parni Valjak, Time and other bands, on a concert in Belgrade's Pinki Hall, the recordings of their songs "Sećanja" ("Memories") and "Moja pesma" ("My Song") appearing on the various artists live album *Pop Parada 1* (*Pop Parade 1*) recorded on the concert. In 1977, Petrović left the band, joining the newly-formed Generacija 5, and was replaced by Miroslav "Cvele" Cvetković (a former Tilt member). This lineup announced the recording of a new album, but recorded only one 7-inch single, with the songs "Moja pesma" and "Uspomena" ("Memory"), before disbanding in 1978.

### Post-breakup, Rok Mašina and post-Rok Mašina

After the last lineup of Pop Mašina disbanded, Vidoja Božinović and Dušan Đukić joined the band Dah. After Dah disbanded in 1979, Božinović joined the band Opus, in which he spent only six months. After he returned from London, Nemeček worked in Dadov Theatre as an editor of the theatre's rock concerts program. In 1980, Nemeček, Božinović brothers and drummer Vladan Dokić formed the hard rock and heavy metal band Rok Mašina, which released only one self-title album before disbanding in 1982. Part of the material they recorded for their second album was released in 1983 on the mini album *Izrod na granici* (*Bastard on the Border*).

After Rok Mašina disbanded, Zoran Božinović retired from music. In the 1990s, he returned to performing, playing with the blues rock band Zona B. He died on 12 July 2004. Vidoja Božinovič dedicated himself to his studies of architecture, performed in blues clubs and with the jazz band Interactive, before joining the highly successful Riblja Čorba in 1984. Nemeček retired from music, becoming the London correspondent for Yugoslav magazines *RTV revija* (*Radio and Television Revue*) and *YU video*. Later he became the film program editor at RTV Politika. In the 1990s he became the editor of film program on Television Pink, later moving to Radio Television of Serbia, and eventually to TV Avala.

The band's forming member Ratislav "Raša" Đelmaš gained nationwide success with YU Grupa, and from 1976 to 1979 led the band Zebra. He died in Belgrade on 28 October 2021. The band's former drummer Mihajlo "Bata" Popović finished his studies of architecture and moved to the United States in 1979. In the United States he worked as an architect, receiving several awards for his projects, and performed occasionally only. In 2009, he moved back to his native Montenegro, to Sutomore. He died on 31 August 2021. The band's former keyboardist Dragan Velikić made a successful career as a writer, receiving the prominent *NIN* Award twice. From 2005 to 2009, he was the Serbian ambassador to Austria. The band's former bass guitarist Dušan Petrović died on 17 October 2003.

In 1994, a remastered version of *Kiselina* was released on CD by Serbian record label ITVMM. The release featured the songs "Put ka Suncu" and "Sjaj u očima", originally released on Pop Mašina's first 7-inch single, as bonus track. In 2000, *Kiselina* was reissued on CD by Polish record label Wydawnictwo 21, in a limited number of 500 copies and featuring songs from the groups first and second 7-inch single as bonus tracks. In 2005, the album was reissued on vinyl by Austrian record label Atlantide. The same record label reissued *Na izvoru svetlosti* on vinyl in 2008.

In 2007, to celebrate 35 years since the release of *Kiselina*, Nemeček, in cooperation with Serbian label MCG records, released the CD *Originalna Kiselina – 35 godina kasnije* (*Original Acid – 35 Years Later*) in a limited number of 999 copies. The release featured original *Kiselina* track listing and new song mixes. Part of the originally planned but unrecorded instrumental sessions was recorded by Nemeček's son Jan Nemeček and added to original recordings. In 2008, Internut Music and Multimedia Records released the box set *Antologija 1972 – 1976* (*Anthology 1972–1976*), which featured all the recordings released by Pop Mašina, 9 unreleased tracks, a recording of a concert in Belgrade Sports Hall, and a book about the band. In 2017, Multimedia Music released the compilation album *Na drumu za haos 1972 – 2017*, and in 2022, Croatia Records reissued *Kiselina* on vinyl.

Robert Nemeček died in Belgrade on 8 January 2024.

## Legacy

Pop Mašina song "Zemlja svetlosti" was covered by Serbian and Yugoslav alternative rock band Disciplina Kičme on their 1991 album *Nova iznenađenja za nova pokolenja* (*New Surprises for New Generations*). The song "Sećanja" ("Memories") was covered by Serbian and Yugoslav singer-songwriter Nikola Čuturilo on his 2011 album *Tu i sad* (*Here and Now*), Vidoja Božinović making a guest appearance on the track. Songs "Negde daleko" and "Put na suncu" were covered in 2019 by Serbian blues rock band Texas Flood on their cover album *Tražim ljude kao ja* (*I'm Looking for the People like Me*).

The album *Kiselina* was polled in 1998 as 60th on the list of 100 greatest Yugoslav popular music albums in the book *YU 100: najbolji albumi jugoslovenske rok i pop muzike* (*YU 100: The Best albums of Yugoslav pop and rock music*). The song "Put ka Suncu" was polled in 2000 as 92nd on Rock Express Top 100 Yugoslav Rock Songs of All Times list.

On 5 October 2005, in Belgrade's Bard Club, a concert dedicated to Zoran Božinović was held. The musicians performing on the concert included his brother Vidoja, Miroslav Cvetković (of Bajaga i Instruktori, formerly of Pop Mašina), Nebojša Antonijević (of Partibrejkers), Dejan Cukić, Petar Radmilović (of Đorđe Balašević's backing band), Dušan Kojić (of Disciplina Kičme), Branislav Petrović (of Električni Orgazam), Dušan Đukić (formerly of Pop Mašina), Nikola Čuturilo, Manja Đorđević (of Disciplina Kičme), Vladimir Đorđević (of Lira Vega and Sila), Vlada Negovanović, the bands Van Gogh and Zona B, and others. The recording of the concert was released on the DVD *Put ka Suncu – Noć posvećena Zoranu Božinoviću* (*Road to Sun – A Night Dedicated to Zoran Božinović*).

## Band members

* Robert Nemeček – bass guitar, vocals (1972–1976)
* Zoran Božinović – guitar, vocals (1972–1978)
* Ratislav "Raša" Đelmaš – drums (1972)
* Sava Bojić – guitar, vocals (1972)
* Mihajlo "Bata" Popović – drums, percussion (1972–1976)
* Oliver Mandić – keyboards, vocals (1975)
* Dušan "Duda" Petrović – bass guitar (1976–1977)
* Dušan "Đuka" Đukić – drums (1976–1978)
* Vidoja "Džindžer" Božinović – guitar (1976–1978)
* Miroslav "Cvele" Cvetković – bass guitar, vocals (1977–1978)

## Discography

### Studio albums

### Live albums

### Box sets

* *Antologija 1972 – 1976* (2008)

### Compilations

* *Na drumu za haos 1972 – 2017* (2017)

### Singles

* "Put ka Suncu" / "Sjaj u očima" (1972)
* "Promenićemo svet" / "Svemirska priča" (1973)
* "Zemlja svetlosti" / "Dugo lutanje kroz noć" (1974)
* "Sećanja" / "Rekvijem za prijatelja" (1975)
* "Moja pesma" / "Uspomena" (1977)

### Other appearances

* "Sećanje" / "Moja pesma" (*Pop Parada 1*, 1977)

## InfoBox

| Pop Mašina | |
| --- | --- |
| The 1972–1976 Pop Mašina lineup, from left to right: Robert Nemeček, Zoran Božinović, and Mihajlo Popović | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Belgrade, SR Serbia, SFR Yugoslavia |
| Genres |  |
| Years active | 1972–1978 |
| Labels | PGP-RTB, ZKP RTLJ, ITMM, MCF Records, Internut Music, Multimedia Records |
|  | |
| Past members | Robert Nemeček
Svetozar Božinović
Ratislav Đelmaš
Sava Bojić
Mihajlo Popović
Oliver Mandić
Dragan Velikić
Vidoja Božinović
Dušan Petrović
Dušan Đukić
Miroslav Cvetković |
|  | |
| Website | popmasina.com |


title: Marsena, India

abstract: Marsena (Marsenā) is a village in Tundla block of Firozabad district, Uttar Pradesh. As of 2011, it has a population of 2,093, in 344 households.

text:
# Marsena, India

**Marsena** (*Marsenā*) is a village in Tundla block of Firozabad district, Uttar Pradesh. As of 2011, it has a population of 2,093, in 344 households.

## Demographics

As of 2011, Marsena had a population of 2,093, in 344 households. This population was 53.3% male (1,115) and 46.7% female (978). The 0-6 age group numbered 353 (172 male and 181 female), making up 16.9% of the total population. 429 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 20.5% of the total.

The 1981 census recorded Marsena as having a population of 1,450 people (802 male and 648 female), in 257 households and 253 physical houses.

The 1961 census recorded Marsena as comprising 2 hamlets, with a total population of 1,025 people (555 male and 470 female), in 170 households and 145 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 1,002 acres.

## Infrastructure

As of 2011, Marsena had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump; there were no public toilets. The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both *kachcha* and *pakka* materials.

## InfoBox

| Marsena | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Map showing Marsena in Tundla block | |
| MarsenaLocation in Uttar Pradesh, India | |
| Coordinates: 27°18′45″N 78°16′36″E / 27.31237°N 78.27669°E / 27.31237; 78.27669 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| District | Firozabad |
| Tehsil | Tundla |
| Area | |
| Total | 4.037 km2 (1.559 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 2,093 |
| Density | 520/km2 (1,300/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 283204 |