title: Yueyahu Township

abstract: Yueyahu Township is a township under the administration of Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China. As of 2018, it has 12 villages under its administration.

text:
# Yueyahu Township

**Yueyahu Township** (simplified Chinese: 月牙湖乡; traditional Chinese: 月牙湖鄉; pinyin: *Yuèyáhú Xiāng*) is a township under the administration of Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China. As of 2018, it has 12 villages under its administration.

## InfoBox

| Yueyahu Township 月牙湖乡 | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Yueyahu TownshipLocation in Ningxia | |
| Coordinates: 38°35′56″N 106°33′46″E / 38.59889°N 106.56278°E / 38.59889; 106.56278 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Autonomous region | Ningxia |
| Prefecture-level city | Yinchuan |
| District | Xingqing District |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |


title: Math Girls

abstract: Math Girls is the first in a series of math-themed young adult novels of the same name by Japanese author Hiroshi Yuki. It was published by SoftBank Creative in 2007, followed by Math Girls: Fermat's Last Theorem in 2008, Math Girls: Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems in 2009, and Math Girls: Randomized Algorithms in 2011. As of December 2010, the series had sold over 100,000 books in Japan. On November 23, 2011, an English translation of the book was released by Bento Books, who subsequently released translations of Fermat's Last Theorem (ISBN 978-0983951339) and Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems (ISBN 978-1939326294) on December 5, 2012, and April 25, 2016, respectively.

text:
# Math Girls

**Math Girls** (数学ガール, *Sūgaku gāru*) is the first in a series of math-themed young adult novels of the same name by Japanese author Hiroshi Yuki. It was published by SoftBank Creative in 2007, followed by *Math Girls: Fermat's Last Theorem* in 2008, *Math Girls: Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems* in 2009, and *Math Girls: Randomized Algorithms* in 2011. As of December 2010, the series had sold over 100,000 books in Japan. On November 23, 2011, an English translation of the book was released by Bento Books, who subsequently released translations of *Fermat's Last Theorem* (ISBN 978-0983951339) and *Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems* (ISBN 978-1939326294) on December 5, 2012, and April 25, 2016, respectively.

## Overview

The unnamed narrator and his schoolmates Miruka and Tetra are Japanese high school students with an interest in mathematics. Together they explore the world of mathematics by helping each other solve problems spanning a wide range of difficulty, from extensions of high school mathematics to extremely difficult problems previously addressed by famous mathematicians. While the book is presented as a novel, the bulk of its content is related to finding the solution to complex math problems, so could also be considered a form of textbook.

## Synopsis

At the start of his first year of high school, the narrator meets a new classmate, a girl named Miruka. Without introducing herself, she gives him the beginning to number sequences, to which he answers with their continuation. One year later, the narrator is handed a letter by another girl, a new student named Tetra. The letter she wrote is a request for the narrator to tutor her in math. He begins teaching her, making Miruka jealous. The narrator balances his friendship with Tetra and his romantic interest in Miruka until Miruka and Tetra become friends after Tetra demonstrates her dedication to learning mathematics.

## Characters

### Narrator

The protagonist of the books. The story in each book is told from his perspective. He is a second year student in a Japanese high school (equivalent to 11th grade in the US school system). His name is not given throughout the series. During middle school, he spent his time after school working on mathematics in the library. He begins to repeat this pattern in high school, but as his friendship with Miruka and Tetra develop he spends most of his time working on math problems with them.

Other than the fact that he wears glasses, his physical characteristics are not described. He has a quiet personality, but is somewhat self-conscious of his mathematical ability as compared to Miruka and Tetra, and when he has difficulty solving a math problem he tends to become depressed. He is very conscious of Miruka and Tetra as potential love interests, but is too shy to initiate a relationship with either one.

He acts as both a teacher and a student, at times working on problems given to him by Miruka or Mr. Muraki, at other times teaching Tetra. He does not like to speak before large groups of people, but he is not hesitant to speak up when teaching Tetra and Miruka.

### Miruka

Miruka is a second year high school student, in the same homeroom as the narrator. She studies mathematics with him following their first encounter under a cherry tree on the day of their entrance ceremony to high school.

She is a tall, beautiful girl with long black hair and a dignified demeanor. She wears metal-frame glasses. She has the top grades for math in her class. She tends to act without consideration of others. The narrator interprets her habit of helping herself to his notebook and starting conversations with others at inopportune times as signs of her lack of inhibitions. At one point she is depicted as lecturing about math to another student who had no particular interest because the narrator was not there to listen to her. She tends to sulk when she feels that she is being ignored. This is shown in scenes where the narrator ignores what she is saying, or when he finds himself daydreaming.

Her actions become even more extreme when those she considers an "outsider" try to insinuate themselves into her social sphere. In one scene she finds the narrator teaching math to Tetra (who she has never met) in the library, and responds by kicking her chair out from under her. She also stomps on the narrator's foot and walks off alone when she goes to meet him, but finds him talking to Tetra. She stops such behavior after becoming friends with Tetra. There are scenes in the book that indicate that she thinks of the narrator as more than just a friend, but she rarely reveals her emotions, so it is difficult to read her true intent towards him.

She thinks of Tetra as being "cute". At one point, she mentions to the narrator that she could never be as cute as Tetra.

She has a great love for mathematics. She is normally quiet and subdued, but immediately becomes loquacious when she starts to talk about math. She rarely talks about anything else, for example starting her first conversation with the narrator when they meet with a series of math problems.

She tends to like anyone who shows an interest in math. She is at first ambivalent, even antagonistic towards Tetra. She later warms up to Tetra, though, when she sees that she is earnestly pursuing mathematical studies with the narrator, and after she hears that Tetra has independently come up with an idea that leads to an elegant solution to the Basel problem, they become close friends.

She has a deep knowledge of mathematics, and in most cases is seen leading the narrator and Tetra through discussions.

She can play the piano, and sometimes plays arrangements for four hands with Ay-Ay during lunch.

### Tetra

Tetra graduated from the same middle school as the narrator, and is a first year high school student, one year behind the narrator and Miruka. She suffers from mathematical anxiety, and after entering high school approaches the narrator to ask him to tutor her in math.

She is petite with short hair and large eyes, and is a sweet and energetic girl. The narrator comments that she reminds him of a squirrel eating a nut.

Tetra's expression clearly shows what she is thinking, which the narrator appreciates because it lets him know if she is following his explanations. She uses exaggerated gestures, frequently making the narrator wish that she would calm down.

She is romantically attracted to the narrator, who she also greatly respects because he takes the time to listen to what she has to say. She also thinks very highly of Miruka, and is also romantically attracted to her, what with her being bisexual

She first begins studying mathematics seriously because she thinks that she would like to go on to some kind of computer-related work, or some other career that might involve math. She is somewhat careless, though, which frequently leads to her forgetting to take mathematical conditions into consideration when trying to solve math problems. She occasionally shows flashes of deep mathematical insight that surprise even Miruka, however.

### Ay-Ay

Ay-Ay is a friend of Miruka's. She is in the same grade as the narrator and Miruka, but in a different class. She is the leader of the piano club "Fortissimo", and is equally attractive with Miruka. When not in class, she spends most of her time in front of a piano.

### Mr. Muraki

Mr. Muraki is a math teacher at the narrator's high school. The narrator refers to him as being "strange", but knows that Mr. Muraki likes him and the others.

He gives the narrator and Miruka math problems. The problems are always written on index cards, and many are just equations with no explanation. His reason for doing so is apparently because he wants the students to think about every step of the problem, including its creation. In fact, when he once gives Miruka a problem for which she already knows the answer, he tells her that it is not necessarily the answer that he's after. He tells her that if she already knows the answer, to use the problem to find something interesting. He shows a strong interest in his students, for example by giving them problems tailored to their abilities. He eventually begins giving Tetra cards, as well.

### Tsunomiya

Tsunomiya is a classmate of the narrator's. According to the narrator, he has the best grades in his grade, and is also good at sports. At one point Miruka corners him and gives him a lecture on mathematics, but he moves away from her at the first opportunity.

### Ms. Mizutani

Ms. Mizutani is the school librarian. When it becomes time for school to close, she moves quietly to the middle of the library and announces that everyone must leave. She wears dark glasses that obscure any expression.

## Mathematical topics that appear in the book

## Volumes

List of books in the main *Math Girls* series
| # | Japanese original | English translation |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Yūki, Hiroshi (2007-06-27). *Sūgaku Gāru* 数学ガール \[*Math Girls*\] (in Japanese). Tokyo: SoftBank Creative. ISBN 9784797341379. OCLC 880549981. | Yūki, Hiroshi (2011). *Math Girls*. Translated by Gonzalez, Tony. Austin, Texas: Bento Books. ISBN 9780983951308. LCCN 2011937467. OCLC 770876058. |
| 2 | Yūki, Hiroshi (2008-07-30). *Sūgaku Gāru: Ferumā no Saishū Teiri* 数学ガール：フェルマーの最終定理 \[*Math Girls: Fermat's Last Theorem*\] (in Japanese). Tokyo: SoftBank Creative. ISBN 9784797345261. OCLC 675978423. | Yūki, Hiroshi (2012). Reeder, Joseph (ed.). *Math Girls 2: Fermat's Last Theorem*. Translated by Gonzalez, Tony. Austin, Texas: Bento Books. ISBN 9780983951322. LCCN 2012285911. OCLC 826413472. |
| 3 | Yūki, Hiroshi (2009-10-26). *Sūgaku Gāru: Gēderu no Fukanzensei Teiri* 数学ガール：ゲーデルの不完全性定理 \[*Math Girls: Godel's Incompleteness Theorem*\] (in Japanese). Tokyo: SoftBank Creative. ISBN 9784797352962. OCLC 675686679. | Yūki, Hiroshi (2016). Reeder, Joseph; Hendon, M. D. (eds.). *Math Girls 3: Godel's Incompleteness Theorems*. Translated by Gonzalez, Tony. Austin, Texas: Bento Books. ISBN 9781939326287. LCCN 2014958330. OCLC 953388081. |
| 4 | Yūki, Hiroshi (2011-02-26). *Sūgaku Gāru: Rantaku Arugorizumu* 数学ガール：乱択アルゴリズム \[*Math Girls: Randomized Algorithm*\] (in Japanese). Tokyo: SoftBank Creative. ISBN 9784797361001. OCLC 751998119. | Yūki, Hiroshi (2020). *Math Girls 4: Randomized Algorithms*. Translated by Gonzalez, Tony. Bento Books. ISBN 9781939326430. OCLC 1149183124. |
| 5 | Yūki, Hiroshi (2012-05-30). *Sūgaku Gāru: Garoa Riron* 数学ガール：ガロア理論 \[*Math Girls: Galois Theory*\] (in Japanese). Tokyo: SoftBank Creative. ISBN 9784797367546. OCLC 836386131. | Yūki, Hiroshi (2021). *Math Girls 5: Galois Theory*. Translated by Gonzalez, Tony. Houston: Bento Books. ISBN 9781939326461. LCCN 2021950570. OCLC 1287919775. |
| 6 | Yūki, Hiroshi (2018-04-02). *Sūgaku Gāru: Poankare Yosō* 数学ガール：ポアンカレ予想 \[*Math Girls: Poincare Conjecture*\] (in Japanese). Tokyo: SoftBank Creative. ISBN 9784797384789. OCLC 1037868547. | Yūki, Hiroshi (2022-03-14). *Math Girls 6: The Poincaré Conjecture*. Translated by Gonzalez, Tony. Austin, Texas: Bento Books. ISBN 9781939326515. OCLC 1314430887. |

### Other translations

See other language versions of Wikipedia for the translations of the other books in the series "Math Girls."

## Spinoff media

### Manga

A *Math Girls* manga, illustrated by Mika Hisaka, serialized 14 chapters between April 2008 and June 2009 in *Comic Flapper* (except for the November 2008 issue). The chapters were subsequently published in two *tankōbon* volumes. This was followed by subsequent manga and *tankōbon* versions of *Math Girls 2: Fermat's Last Theorem* (illustrated by Kasuga Shun) and *Math Girls 3: Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems* (illustrated by Matsuzaki Miyuki). *Math Girls Manga* appeared in English translation from Bento Books in 2013 (ISBN 978-0983951346), followed by *Math Girls Manga 2* in 2016 (ISBN 978-0983951353).

### Math primers

Hiroshi Yuki also authors the Math Girls Talk About... (数学ガールの秘密ノート, *Sūgaku Gāru no himitsu nōto*, lit., 'Secret Notebooks of the Math Girls') series of mathematics primers. These books take the form of characters from the *Math Girls* series discussing various topics from mathematics, but can be considered nonfiction in that they are intended to be strictly instructional, and do not advance the storyline of the *Math Girls* series. The following titles from this series are available in English translation from Bento Books:

Other books in this series currently available only in Japanese cover sequences and series, calculus, vectors, probability, and statistics.

## InfoBox

Math Girls
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Hiroshi Yuki |
| Original title | 数学ガール (Suugaku Gaaru) |
| Translator | Tony Gonzalez |
| Language | Japanese |
| Series | Math Girls |
| Subject | Mathematics |
| Genre | Young adult |
| Publisher | Bento Books |
| Publication date | June 27, 2007 |
| Publication place | Japan |
| Published in English | November 23, 2011 |
| Media type | Print (hardcover, paperback), Digital (iPad app) |
| Pages | 304 |
| ISBN | 978-0-9839513-0-8 (paperback), ISBN 978-0-9839513-1-5 (hardcover) |
| Followed by | *Math Girls: Fermat's Last Theorem* |


title: María José Pérez (volleyball)

abstract: María José Pérez González is a female volleyball player from Venezuela who competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. Her team finished in 11th place.

text:
# María José Pérez (volleyball)

**María José Pérez González** (born 18 March 1988 in Aragua) is a female volleyball player from Venezuela who competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. Her team finished in 11th place.

## Career

With her national team, she participated at the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games, finishing in 5th place. A year later, she won the bronze medal at the 2007 South American Championship.

She signed with Llaneras de Toa Baja for the 2008 season of Puerto Rican league, Liga de Voleibol Superior Femenino. Later that year, started playing with the Finnish club *Liiga Eura*.

She started the 2014 playing the Indonesian Proliga with Manokwari Valeria Papua Barat. Pérez later won the 2014 Venezuelan League championship silver medal with Académicas de Caracas and was awarded best scorer.

She played again in the Indonesian League, this time with Jakarta Electric PLN, winning the Indonesian Proliga championship.

She was chosen best scorer and best spiker for the 2015 season of the Venezuelan league were her club, Académicas de Caracas finished second in the league championship.

Pérez signed in February 2017 with the Indonesian league club Jakarta Elektrik PLN, winning with this club the local championship.

In October 2017, Perez signed with F2 Logistics Cargo Movers to play in the Philippine Superliga. The team won the championship in the tournament and Pérez was awarded the Most Valuable Player.

## Clubs

## Awards

### Individuals

### Clubs

### National team

#### Senior team

1. Terra. "Maria Jose Perez Gonzalez" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2010-05-27.
2. FIVB. "Final Standing". Retrieved 2010-05-27.
3. NORCECA. "Cuba and Dominican Republic will play for the gold medal". Retrieved 2010-05-27.
4. Solo Deportes. "Venezuela debuta frente a Argentina en Suramericano de Voleibol Femenino" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2010-01-14. Retrieved 2010-05-28.
5. Federación Puertorriqueña de Voleibol. "Llega mañana a Toa Baja la Sustituta de Aury Cruz" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2010-05-30.
6. NoticiasOnline.com. "Criollas invictas en el voleibol superior" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2010-05-30.
7. Terra. "Treinta y seis jugadores de voleibol de Venezuela jugarán en doce ligas de Europa y Asia" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2010-05-30.
8. "Proliga, Jakarta Popsivo Ditekuk Manokwari" (in Indonesian). tempo.com. 26 January 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
9. "Aragua VC se coronó como campeona de la Liga de Voleibol Femenino" (in Spanish). Caracas: Noticias 24. AVN. 4 November 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
10. "María José Pérez levantó la copa en la Liga de Indonesia de voleibol" (in Spanish). Telearagua. 21 April 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
11. "Vikingas de Miranda se alzan con el título de Liga Venezolana de Voleibol Femenino 2015" (in Spanish). El Norte. 7 November 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
12. "Indonesia: Tutte le straniere (e gli stranieri) del campionato. C'è anche Mambru" (in Italian). Volleyball.it. 1 February 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
13. "Indonesia F.: Scudetto al Jakarta Elektrik di Manganang" (in Italian). Volleyball.it. 23 April 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
14. "F2 Logistics taps Maria". Volleyverse.com. 2 October 2017. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
15. Lozada, Bong (December 16, 2017). "F2 completes comeback, wins PSL Grand Prix title at expense of Petron". *The Philippine Daily Inquirer*. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
16. Lozada, Bong (December 16, 2017). "Double celebration for F2 import Perez with MVP award and PSL title". *The Philippine Daily Inquirer*. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
17. Agcaoili, Lance (June 26, 2024). "PVL: MJ Perez returns to power Cignal in Reinforced Conference". *Philippine Daily Inquirer*. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
18. Demigillo, Kiko (September 4, 2024). "'MVPons' finally real as Bernadeth Pons takes home PVL Reinforced Conference MVP and Finals MVP honors". *One Sports*. Retrieved September 4, 2024.
19. "Cignal fight back to repel PLDT, bags bronze". *Premier Volleyball League*. September 4, 2024. Archived from the original on September 4, 2024. Retrieved September 4, 2024.

## InfoBox

| María José Pérez | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | María José Pérez González |
| Nationality | Venezuelan |
| Born | (1988-03-18) 18 March 1988<br>Aragua |
| Height | 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in) |
| Weight | 69 kg (152 lb) |
| Spike | 300 cm (120 in) |
| Block | 296 cm (117 in) |
| Volleyball information | |
| Position | Wing spiker |
| Current club | Cignal HD Spikers |
| National team | |
| 2006– Venezuela | |
| Honours      Women's volleyball  Representing  Venezuela  South American Championship  2007 Porto Alegre Team | |
| Last updated: October 2017 | |


title: Marie Fisher

abstract:
Marie Claire Fisher was an Australian politician. She was a Labor member of the New South Wales Legislative Council from 1978 to 1988. Fisher was born Marie Claire Callinan in Paddington, New South Wales, the daughter of Frank and Claire Callinan. Following her father's abandonment of their family Marie spent time in various orphanages. She was educated at Darlinghurst Public School, Crown Street High School and Sydney Girls High School. Fisher's interest in politics and social justice was sparked by her membership of the Eureka Youth League and her relationship with Edna Ryan, a feminist and trade unionist, who was a friend of her mother. Fisher studied Arts at the University of Sydney, and then teaching at the Sydney Teachers College. In 1957 she began teaching English and history at Bourke High School. In 1960 she married Dugald Fisher, a local grazier, with whom she had three children. They lived on 'Galambo', a 24,300 ha pastoral property. A member of the Labor Party since 1968, Fisher was active in Labor politics in the far west of New South Wales. She served as the Secretary of the Bourke and Cobar branches of the party, as well as Secretary of the Castlereagh State Electoral Council.
In 1978, Fisher was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Council as a Labor member. She served until 1988. She died in 2008 at Lismore.

text:
# Marie Fisher

**Marie Claire Fisher** (9 June, 1931  17 August, 2008) was an Australian politician. She was a Labor member of the New South Wales Legislative Council from 1978 to 1988.

Fisher was born **Marie Claire Callinan** in Paddington, New South Wales, the daughter of Frank and Claire Callinan. Following her father's abandonment of their family Marie spent time in various orphanages. She was educated at Darlinghurst Public School, Crown Street High School and Sydney Girls High School. Fisher's interest in politics and social justice was sparked by her membership of the Eureka Youth League and her relationship with Edna Ryan, a feminist and trade unionist, who was a friend of her mother. Fisher studied Arts at the University of Sydney, and then teaching at the Sydney Teachers College. In 1957 she began teaching English and history at Bourke High School. In 1960 she married Dugald Fisher, a local grazier, with whom she had three children. They lived on 'Galambo', a 24,300 ha pastoral property.

A member of the Labor Party since 1968, Fisher was active in Labor politics in the far west of New South Wales. She served as the Secretary of the Bourke and Cobar branches of the party, as well as Secretary of the Castlereagh State Electoral Council. In 1978, Fisher was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Council as a Labor member. She served until 1988. She died in 2008 at Lismore.

## InfoBox

| Marie Fisher | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the
New South Wales Legislative Council | |
| **In office**
7 October 1978  22 February 1988 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Marie Claire Callinan
(1931-06-09)9 June 1931
Paddington, New South Wales |
| Died | 17 August 2008(2008-08-17) (aged 77)
Lismore, New South Wales |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Political party | Labor Party |
| Spouse | Dugald Fisher |
| Children | 3 |
| Occupation | Schoolteacher |
|  | |


title: Willis J. Abbot

abstract: Willis John Abbot was an American journalist, editor, and a prolific historical and biographical author. Many of his works focused on war, army, navy, marine corps, and merchant marines.

text:
# Willis J. Abbot

**Willis John Abbot** (March 16, 1863 – May 19, 1934) was an American journalist, editor, and a prolific historical and biographical author. Many of his works focused on war, army, navy, marine corps, and merchant marines.

## Biography

Born in New Haven, Connecticut, to Waldo Abbot and Julia Holmes, he was a graduate of the University of Michigan in 1884. He was married to Marie A. Mack in 1887 and became managing editor of the *Chicago Times* during 1892–93. From 1896 to 1898 he was editor for the *New York Journal*. In 1905 he joined the *New York American*. In 1908 he served the *Chicago Tribune* as one of the earliest political correspondents in the American Midwest.

Abbot wrote for the Hearst's *New York Journal American* in 1921. Later, he was named the editor of *The Christian Science Monitor*, a position which he held from 1922 to 1927.

Abbot was among the founding editors of the American Society of Newspaper Editors. He played a role leading the movement for Ethics Enforcement with Herbert Bayard Swope working on the constitution of the ANSE. All these actions taken towards ethics amelioration was seen negatively by president Hopwood. Throughout this ethics debate Abbot was on the board of directors of the ANSE. He later served as president of the ANSE.

## Published works (partial list)

## InfoBox

| Willis J. Abbot | |
| --- | --- |
| Willis John Abbot | |
| Born | (1863-03-16)March 16, 1863<br>New Haven, Connecticut |
| Died | May 19, 1934(1934-05-19) (aged 71) |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | University of Michigan |
| Occupation(s) | Journalist, editor, and author |
| Spouse | Marie A. Mack |


title: Ursa tension leg platform

abstract: The Ursa tension leg platform is an oil platform with a tension leg structure located at 28.154027°N 89.103553°W about 130 miles (210 km) southeast of New Orleans in the Gulf of Mexico. It is operated by Shell. It has a total height from the seabed to its top of 4,285 feet (1,306 m). Shell is the operator of the project with 45.39%. BP has 22.69% while ExxonMobil and ConocoPhillips each have 15.96%. The discovery well was drilled in 1991, with Sonat's Discoverer Seven Seas drillship, on Mississippi Canyon block 854. Construction was finished in 1998. The Ursa Tension Leg Platform was replaced as the tallest man-made structure in the world by the Magnolia Tension-leg Platform.

text:
# Ursa tension leg platform

The **Ursa tension leg platform** is an oil platform with a tension leg structure located at 28°09′14″N 89°06′13″W / 28.154027°N 89.103553°W / 28.154027; -89.103553 about 130 miles (210 km) southeast of New Orleans in the Gulf of Mexico. It is operated by Shell. It has a total height from the seabed to its top of 4,285 feet (1,306 m).

Shell is the operator of the project with 45.39%. BP has 22.69% while ExxonMobil and ConocoPhillips each have 15.96%.

The discovery well was drilled in 1991, with Sonat's Discoverer Seven Seas drillship, on Mississippi Canyon block 854. Construction was finished in 1998.

The Ursa Tension Leg Platform was replaced as the tallest man-made structure in the world by the Magnolia Tension-leg Platform.

1. "Ursa". Offshore Technology. Retrieved 2013-06-14.

## InfoBox

| Ursa Tension Leg Platform | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Record height | |
| Preceded by | Petronius Compliant Tower (640 m (2,100 ft)) |
| Surpassed by | Perdido Regional Host (2,438 m (7,999 ft)) |
| General information | |
| Status | Completed |
| Type | Oil platform |
| Location | 130 miles (210 km) southeast of New Orleans |
| Coordinates | 28°09′14″N 89°06′13″W / 28.154027°N 89.103553°W / 28.154027; -89.103553 |
| Opening | 2009 |
| Cost | $1.45 billion |
| Height | |
| Antenna spire | 1,306 m (4,285 ft) |
| Design and construction | |
| Developer | Shell 45.39%
BP 22.69%
ExxonMobil 15.96%
ConocoPhillips 15.96% |


title: Vincenzo Peruggia

abstract: Vincenzo Peruggia was an Italian museum worker, artist and thief, most famous for stealing the Mona Lisa from the Louvre Museum in Paris on 21 August 1911.

text:
# Vincenzo Peruggia

**Vincenzo Peruggia** (8 October 1881   8 October 1925) was an Italian museum worker, artist and thief, most famous for stealing the *Mona Lisa* from the Louvre Museum in Paris on 21 August 1911.

## Early life

Vincenzo Peruggia was born Pietro Vincenzo Antonio Peruggia on 8 October 1881 in Dumenza, a small village in the Alps of Italy near the border of Switzerland.

## Engagement with the Musée du Louvre

For a brief period after having moved to Paris in 1908, Vincenzo Peruggia obtained work at the Musée du Louvre, cleaning and reframing paintings. Some have stated that the job required him to construct strong cases for some of the arts in the museum, including the one for the Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci.

## Theft

In 1911, Peruggia perpetrated what has been described as the greatest art theft of the 20th century.

According to Peruggia's later interrogation in Florence, Italy, following his arrest on 12 December 1913, the former museum worker claimed he entered the Musée du Louvre on Monday, 21 August 1911, at around 7 am, through the door where the other Louvre workers were entering, wearing one of the white smocks that museum employees customarily wore, making himself indistinguishable from the other workers. When the Salon Carré, where the *Mona Lisa* hung, was empty, he lifted the painting off the four iron pegs that secured it to the wall between Correggio's *Mystical Marriage* and Titian's *Allegory of Alfonso d'Avalos* and took it to a nearby service stairway of the *Sept Mètres*. There, he removed the protective case and frame, hiding the discarded elements behind some student artworks stored on the staircase landing. Some people report that he concealed the painting (which Leonardo da Vinci painted on wood) under his smock that was larger than him. But Peruggia was only 160 centimetres (63 in) tall, and the *Mona Lisa* measures approx. 53 cm × 77 cm (21 in × 30 in), so it would not fit under a smock worn by someone of his size. Instead, he told investigators that he took off his smock and wrapped it around the painting, before tucking it under his arm, and left the Louvre through the same door he had entered.

Peruggia hid the painting in his apartment in Paris.

Having interrogated all of the Musée du Louvre's permanent staff, the gendarmerie begin to interview extraneous workers including bricklayers, decorators, and staff hired for short periods or for specific jobs in September 1911. During this period, officers visited Vincenzo Peruggia's apartment and questioned him twice about his possible involvement, but he was not considered a primary suspect.

After keeping the painting hidden in a trunk in his apartment for two years, Peruggia returned to Italy with it. He kept it in his apartment in Florence, Italy, for some time. However, Peruggia eventually grew impatient and was finally caught when he contacted Mario Fratelli, the owner of an art gallery in Florence. Fratelli's story conflicts with Peruggia's, but it was clear that Peruggia expected a reward for returning the painting to what he regarded as its "homeland". Fratelli called in Giovanni Poggi, director of the Uffizi Gallery, who authenticated the painting. Poggi and Fratelli, after taking the painting for "safekeeping", informed the police, who arrested Peruggia at his hotel. After its recovery, the painting was exhibited all over Italy with banner headlines rejoicing its return. The Mona Lisa was then returned to the Louvre in 1913. While the painting was famous before the theft, the notoriety it received from the newspaper headlines and the large scale police investigation helped the artwork become one of the best known in the world, gaining considerable public interest.

### Motivations

There are two predominant theories regarding the theft of the *Mona Lisa*. Peruggia said he did it for a patriotic reason: he wanted to bring the painting back for display in Italy "after it was stolen by Napoleon" (when Peruggia worked at the Louvre, he learned of how Napoleon plundered many Italian works of art during the Napoleonic Wars). Perhaps sincere in his motive, Vincenzo may not have known that Leonardo da Vinci took this painting as a gift for Francis I when he moved to France to become a painter in his court during the 16th century, 250 years before Napoleon's birth.

Experts have questioned the "patriotism" motive on the grounds that—if patriotism was the true motive—Peruggia would have donated the painting to an Italian museum, rather than have attempted to profit from its sale. The question of money is also confirmed by letters that Peruggia sent to his father after the theft. On 22 December 1911, four months after the theft, he wrote that Paris was where "I will make my fortune and that his \[fortune\] will arrive in one shot." The following year, he wrote: "I am making a vow for you to live long and enjoy the prize that your son is about to realize for you and for all our family."

Put on trial, the court agreed, to some extent, that Peruggia committed his crime for patriotic reasons and gave him a lenient sentence. He was sent to jail for one year and 15 days, but was hailed as a great patriot in Italy and served only seven months.

Another theory later emerged, claiming the theft may have been encouraged or masterminded by Eduardo de Valfierno, a con man who had commissioned the French art forger Yves Chaudron to make copies of the painting so he could sell them as the missing original. The copies would have gone up in value if the original were stolen. This theory is based entirely on a 1932 article by former Hearst journalist Karl Decker in *The Saturday Evening Post*. Decker claimed to have known Valfierno and heard the story from him in 1913, promising not to print it until he learned of Valfierno's death. There is no external confirmation for this theory.

## Later life

Peruggia was released from jail after a short time and served in the Italian army during World War I. During the war, he was captured by Austria-Hungary and held as a POW for two years until the war ended and he was released. He later married Annunciata Rossi, had one daughter named Celestina, returned to France, and continued to work as a painter decorator using his birth name Pietro Peruggia. He died on 8 October 1925 (his 44th birthday) in the Paris suburb of Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France. He was buried in the Condé Cemetery of Saint-Maur-des-Fossés. Sometime in the 1950s, Peruggia's remains were exhumed and relocated into the cemetery bonelocker.

His death in 1925 was not widely reported by the media at the time, possibly because he died under the name of Pietro Peruggia; obituaries appeared mistakenly only when another Vincenzo Peruggia died in Haute-Savoie in 1947.

## Portrayals and depictions

* In *Der Raub der Mona Lisa* (1931), an early German sound film, he was portrayed by Willi Forst.
* In *The Man Who Stole La Gioconda* (it) (2006), a television miniseries, he was portrayed by Alessandro Preziosi.
* In an April 1956 episode of the TV show *You Are There*, called "The Recovery of the Mona Lisa (December 10, 1913)", Peruggia is played by Vito Scotti, who reprised the role in another TV reconstruction of the famous theft, this time for the TV-show *G.E. True*. The episode was called "The Tenth Mona Lisa" and aired in March 1963.
* In a 2018 episode of *Drunk History* on Comedy Central, he was portrayed by Jack Black.
* In a 2023 episode of *Murdoch Mysteries* called "Murdoch and the Mona Lisa," he was portrayed by Johnathan Sousa.
* In the 2024 Summer Olympics opening ceremony, the theft is referenced by the Minions when they stole the Mona Lisa painting from its protective chamber.

## Sources

## Further reading

* "The Theft of the Mona Lisa: On Stealing the Worlds Most Famous Painting" (2011, ARCA Publications), a monography by Noah Charney
* *Mona Lisa Is Missing* (formerly *The Missing Piece*), a 2012 documentary by Joe Medeiros
* "The Mystery of the Misplaced Mona Lisa," a short mystery story by Ron Katz, https://www.thesleuthingsilvers.com

## InfoBox

| Vincenzo Peruggia | |
| --- | --- |
| A police photograph of Vincenzo Peruggia in 1909, two years before the theft of Mona Lisa. | |
| Born | Pietro Vincenzo Antonio Peruggia
(1881-10-08)8 October 1881
Dumenza, Varese, Italy |
| Died | 8 October 1925(1925-10-08) (aged 44)
Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France |
| Other names | Pietro Peruggia |
| Occupation | Artist |
| Known for | Theft of the *Mona Lisa* |


# List of number fields with class number one

This is an incomplete list of number fields with class number 1.

It is believed that there are infinitely many such number fields, but this has not been proven.

## Definition

The **class number** of a number field is by definition the order of the ideal class group of its ring of integers.

Thus, a number field has class number 1 if and only if its ring of integers is a principal ideal domain (and thus a unique factorization domain). The fundamental theorem of arithmetic says that **Q** has class number 1.

## Quadratic number fields

These are of the form *K* = **Q**(*d*), for a square-free integer *d*.

### Real quadratic fields

*K* is called real quadratic if *d* \> 0. *K* has class number 1 for the following values of *d* (sequence A003172 in the OEIS):

* 2\*, 3, 5\*, 6, 7, 11, 13\*, 14, 17\*, 19, 21, 22, 23, 29\*, 31, 33, 37\*, 38, 41\*, 43, 46, 47, 53\*, 57, 59, 61\*, 62, 67, 69, 71, 73\*, 77, 83, 86, 89\*, 93, 94, 97\*, ...

(complete until *d* = 100)

\*: The narrow class number is also 1 (see related sequence A003655 in OEIS).

Despite what would appear to be the case for these small values, not all prime numbers that are congruent to 1 modulo 4 appear on this list, notably the fields **Q**(*d*) for *d* = 229 and *d* = 257 both have class number greater than 1 (in fact equal to 3 in both cases). The density of such primes for which **Q**(*d*) does have class number 1 is conjectured to be nonzero, and in fact close to 76%, however it is not even known whether there are infinitely many real quadratic fields with class number 1.

### Imaginary quadratic fields

*K* has class number 1 exactly for the 9 following negative values of *d*:

* 1, 2, 3, 7, 11, 19, 43, 67, 163.

(By definition, these also all have narrow class number 1.)

## Cubic fields

### Totally real cubic field

The first 60 totally real cubic fields (ordered by discriminant) have class number one. In other words, all cubic fields of discriminant between 0 and 1944 (inclusively) have class number one. The next totally real cubic field (of discriminant 1957) has class number two. The polynomials defining the totally real cubic fields that have discriminants less than 500 with class number one are:

* *x*3  *x*2  2*x* \+ 1 (discriminant 49)
* *x*3  3*x*  1 (discriminant 81)
* *x*3  *x*2  3*x* \+ 1 (discriminant 148)
* *x*3  *x*2  4*x*  1 (discriminant 169)
* *x*3  4*x*  1 (discriminant 229)
* *x*3  *x*2  4*x* \+ 3 (discriminant 257)
* *x*3  *x*2  4*x* \+ 2 (discriminant 316)
* *x*3  *x*2  4*x* \+ 1 (discriminant 321)
* *x*3  *x*2  6*x* \+ 7 (discriminant 361)
* *x*3  *x*2  5*x*  1 (discriminant 404)
* *x*3  *x*2  5*x* \+ 4 (discriminant 469)
* *x*3  5*x*  1 (discriminant 473)

### Complex cubic field

All complex cubic fields with discriminant greater than 500 have class number one, except the fields with discriminants 283, 331 and 491 which have class number 2. The real root of the polynomial for 23 is the reciprocal of the plastic ratio (negated), while that for 31 is the reciprocal of the supergolden ratio. The polynomials defining the complex cubic fields that have class number one and discriminant greater than 500 are:

* *x*3  *x*2 \+ 1 (discriminant 23)
* *x*3 \+ *x*  1 (discriminant 31)
* *x*3  *x*2 \+ *x* \+ 1 (discriminant 44)
* *x*3 \+ 2*x*  1 (discriminant 59)
* *x*3  2*x*  2 (discriminant 76)
* *x*3  *x*2 \+ *x*  2 (discriminant 83)
* *x*3  *x*2 \+ 2*x* \+ 1 (discriminant 87)
* *x*3  *x*  2 (discriminant 104)
* *x*3  *x*2 \+ 3*x*  2 (discriminant 107)
* *x*3  2 (discriminant 108)
* *x*3  *x*2  2 (discriminant 116)
* *x*3 \+ 3*x*  1 (discriminant 135)
* *x*3  *x*2 \+ *x* \+ 2 (discriminant 139)
* *x*3 \+ 2*x*  2 (discriminant 140)
* *x*3  *x*2  2*x*  2 (discriminant 152)
* *x*3  *x*2  *x* \+ 3 (discriminant 172)
* *x*3  *x*2 \+ 2*x*  3 (discriminant 175)
* *x*3  *x*2 \+ 4*x*  1 (discriminant 199)
* *x*3  *x*2 \+ 2*x* \+ 2 (discriminant 200)
* *x*3  *x*2 \+ *x*  3 (discriminant 204)
* *x*3  2*x*  3 (discriminant 211)
* *x*3  *x*2 \+ 4*x*  2 (discriminant 212)
* *x*3 \+ 3*x*  2 (discriminant 216)
* *x*3  *x*2 \+ 3 (discriminant 231)
* *x*3  *x*  3 (discriminant 239)
* *x*3  3 (discriminant 243)
* *x*3 \+ *x*  6 (discriminant 244)
* *x*3 \+ *x*  3 (discriminant 247)
* *x*3  *x*2  3 (discriminant 255)
* *x*3  *x*2  3*x* \+ 5 (discriminant 268)
* *x*3  *x*2  3*x*  3 (discriminant 300)
* *x*3  *x*2 \+ 3*x* \+ 2 (discriminant 307)
* *x*3  3*x*  4 (discriminant 324)
* *x*3  *x*2  2*x*  3 (discriminant 327)
* *x*3  *x*2 \+ 4*x* \+ 1 (discriminant 335)
* *x*3  *x*2  *x* \+ 4 (discriminant 339)
* *x*3 \+ 3*x*  3 (discriminant 351)
* *x*3  *x*2 \+ *x* \+ 7 (discriminant 356)
* *x*3 \+ 4*x*  2 (discriminant 364)
* *x*3  *x*2 \+ 2*x* \+ 3 (discriminant 367)
* *x*3  *x*2 \+ *x*  4 (discriminant 379)
* *x*3  *x*2 \+ 5*x*  2 (discriminant 411)
* *x*3  4*x*  5 (discriminant 419)
* *x*3  *x*2 \+ 8 (discriminant 424)
* *x*3  *x*  8 (discriminant 431)
* *x*3 \+ *x*  4 (discriminant 436)
* *x*3  *x*2  2*x* \+ 5 (discriminant 439)
* *x*3 \+ 2*x*  8 (discriminant 440)
* *x*3  *x*2  5*x* \+ 8 (discriminant 451)
* *x*3 \+ 3*x*  8 (discriminant 459)
* *x*3  *x*2 \+ 5*x*  3 (discriminant 460)
* *x*3  5*x*  6 (discriminant 472)
* *x*3  *x*2 \+ 4*x* \+ 2 (discriminant 484)
* *x*3  *x*2 \+ 3*x* \+ 3 (discriminant 492)
* *x*3 \+ 4*x*  3 (discriminant 499)

## Cyclotomic fields

The following is a complete list of thirty *n* for which the field **Q***n*) has class number 1:

* 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 24, 25, 27, 28, 32, 33, 35, 36, 40, 44, 45, 48, 60, 84.

(Note that values of *n* congruent to 2 modulo 4 are redundant since **Q***2n*) = **Q***n*) when *n* is odd.)

On the other hand, the maximal real subfields **Q**(cos(2π/2*n*)) of the 2-power cyclotomic fields **Q**2*n*) (where *n* is a positive integer) are known to have class number 1 for n≤8, and it is conjectured that they have class number 1 for all *n*. Weber showed that these fields have odd class number. In 2009, Fukuda and Komatsu showed that the class numbers of these fields have no prime factor less than 107, and later improved this bound to 109. These fields are the *n*-th layers of the cyclotomic **Z**2-extension of **Q**. Also in 2009, Morisawa showed that the class numbers of the layers of the cyclotomic **Z**3-extension of **Q** have no prime factor less than 104. Coates has raised the question of whether, for all primes *p*, every layer of the cyclotomic **Z***p*-extension of **Q** has class number 1.

## CM fields

Simultaneously generalizing the case of imaginary quadratic fields and cyclotomic fields is the case of a CM field *K*, i.e. a totally imaginary quadratic extension of a totally real field. In 1974, Harold Stark conjectured that there are finitely many CM fields of class number 1. He showed that there are finitely many of a fixed degree. Shortly thereafter, Andrew Odlyzko showed that there are only finitely many *Galois* CM fields of class number 1. In 2001, V. Kumar Murty showed that of all CM fields whose Galois closure has solvable Galois group, only finitely many have class number 1.

A complete list of the 172 abelian CM fields of class number 1 was determined in the early 1990s by Ken Yamamura and is available on pages 915–919 of his article on the subject. Combining this list with the work of Stéphane Louboutin and Ryotaro Okazaki provides a full list of quartic CM fields of class number 1.


title: Uppland Runic Inscription 701

abstract: Uppland Runic Inscription 701 or U 701, and also known as Kynge stone, is a runestone that is now lost. It was recorded in a drawing in the 17th century by Johan Hadorph and P. Helgonius, as well as Johannes Haquini Rhezelius. Richard Dybeck took up the search for the missing U 701 in 1860 but was not able to find it. It is believed that U 701 was carved by the artist who made runic inscriptions U 700 and U 702. The recorded text ends with a prayer that uses the Norse word salu for soul, which was imported from English and first used on a different inscription during the tenth century.

text:
# Uppland Runic Inscription 701

**Uppland Runic Inscription 701** or **U 701**, and also known as Kynge stone, is a runestone that is now lost. It was recorded in a drawing in the 17th century by Johan Hadorph and P. Helgonius, as well as Johannes Haquini Rhezelius. Richard Dybeck took up the search for the missing U 701 in 1860 but was not able to find it. It is believed that U 701 was carved by the artist who made runic inscriptions U 700 and U 702. The recorded text ends with a prayer that uses the Norse word *salu* for soul, which was imported from English and first used on a different inscription during the tenth century.

## Transliteration of runic text into Latin letters

**\[kuti : lit : risa st... þinsa : iftiʀ : i-ialt : bruþur : sin : kuþ × ialibi salu : hans \*\]**

59°31′17″N 17°19′17″E / 59.5213°N 17.3215°E / 59.5213; 17.3215

## InfoBox

| Uppland Runic Inscription 701 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Created | unknown |
| Discovered | Originally Veckholms county, now lost, Uppland, Sweden |
| Rundata ID | U 701 |
| Runemaster | unknown |
| Text – Native | |
| Old Norse: Guti let ræisa st\[æin\] þennsa æftiʀ I\[ng\]iald, broður sinn. Guð hialpi salu hans. | |
| Translation | |
| Goti had this stone raised in memory of Ingjaldr, his brother. May God help his soul. | |


title: Yuexiushan Stadium

abstract: The Yuexiushan Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, named after its location at the foot of Yuexiu Hill. It is currently mostly used for football matches and also sometimes for athletics. It is located on 4 Yingyuan Road. The stadium is owned by the Guangzhou Sports Bureau. The original stadium at the same location opened before 1926. In 1950, it was completely rebuilt with a capacity for 35,000 people. However, following renovation and the installation of fixed seating in 2012, the capacity is now 18,000. The stadium is best reached by taking Guangzhou Metro Line 2 to Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hall Station.

text:
# Yuexiushan Stadium

The **Yuexiushan Stadium** (simplified Chinese: 越秀山体育场; traditional Chinese: 越秀山體育場; Jyutping: *Jyut⁶sau³saan¹ Tai²juk⁶coeng⁴*) is a multi-purpose stadium in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, named after its location at the foot of Yuexiu Hill. It is currently mostly used for football matches and also sometimes for athletics. It is located on 4 Yingyuan Road. The stadium is owned by the Guangzhou Sports Bureau.

The original stadium at the same location opened before 1926. In 1950, it was completely rebuilt with a capacity for 35,000 people. However, following renovation and the installation of fixed seating in 2012, the capacity is now 18,000.

The stadium is best reached by taking Guangzhou Metro Line 2 to Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hall Station.

## History

In the Qing dynasty, it was originally the location of the ammunition depot. When the Republic era came, Chen Jiongming planned to turn the area into a sports venue. The playground opened before 1926, and had muddy ground and few facilities.

In 1950, the new government renovated the field as a sports stadium and arena for civic celebrations. As the home stadium of first the Guangzhou city side and later the Guangdong provincial side, Yuexiushan hosted a large number of friendly and international matches in the late 1950s and early 1960s, including against Algeria, Sweden and Soviet champions Spartak Moscow. After the end of the Cultural Revolution, visiting sides included the West German Olympic Team.

Yuexiushan was also the venue for Guangzhou's National Day celebrations, although an event to mark the 40th anniversary of the Russian October Revolution ended in disaster when 33 people were killed in a crush.

The Yuexiushan Stadium hosted the inaugural Guangdong-Hong Kong Cup match in early 1979, which Guangdong won 1–0.

By the late 1980s, Yuexiushan was no longer the premier ground in Guangzhou with the opening of the new Tianhe Stadium. However, Guangzhou continued to play their regular fixtures at Yuexiushan and finished second in the National Championship in 1992 and 1994, helped by an unbeaten record of 21 games at Yuexiushan.

Yuexiushan has undergone multiple renovations since the late 1990s which have seen player facilities in the entrance tower at the city end of the ground improved and a roof, electronic scoreboard and fixed plastic seating installed for spectators.

Following their promotion to the Chinese Super League (CSL), original tenants Guangzhou Evergrande moved out of the Yuexiushan Stadium, and relocated to the Tianhe Stadium ahead of the 2011 season. Another Guangzhou-based club, Guangzhou R&F, moved to the venue instead and played their first home game at Yuexiushan in the summer of 2011. The team was promoted to the CSL at the end of the season. Following R&F's third-place finish in 2014, Yuexiushan hosted four AFC Champions League games under floodlights in 2015.

Yuexiushan was renovated over the winter of 2016–17. The pitch was relayed, VIP facilities improved and the whole stadium painted blue (the colour of tenants Guangzhou R&F). The first match at the refurbished stadium was held on 28 April 2017 when R&F were defeated 3–1 by Guizhou Hengfeng in the CSL. Yuexiushan was later repainted in gold and green after Guangzhou R&F suffered a poor run of form. The decision was reportedly made on Feng Shui principles.

## Notable events

23°08′21″N 113°15′39″E / 23.139216°N 113.260739°E / 23.139216; 113.260739

## InfoBox

Yuexiushan Stadium
越秀山体育场
| Yuexiushan Stadium in 2019 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Former names | Yuexiu Mountain Park Sports Ground
越秀山公园运动场 |
| Location | 4 Yingyuan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China |
| Owner | Guangzhou Sports Bureau |
| Capacity | 18,000 |
| Surface | Grass |
| Construction | |
| Opened | 1950 |
| Renovated | 1956, 1977, 1980, 1987, 1997, 2004, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2024 |
| Tenants | |
| Guangzhou
(1993–1997, 2001–2010, 2023)
Guangzhou City (2011–2022)
Guangdong GZ-Power (2023) | |


title: Marie-Pier Boudreau Gagnon

abstract: Marie-Pier Boudreau Gagnon is a Canadian synchronized swimmer and four times Commonwealth Games gold medalist.

text:
# Marie-Pier Boudreau Gagnon

**Marie-Pier Boudreau Gagnon** (born March 3, 1983, in Rivière-du-Loup, Quebec) is a Canadian synchronized swimmer and four times Commonwealth Games gold medalist.

## Career

She first became interested in synchronized swimming at the age of seven after watching Sylvie Fréchette on television, and has been a member of Synchro Canada's national team since 1998.

Marie-Pier represented Canada in the women's solo event at the 2005 FINA World Championships in Montreal. At the 2006 Commonwealth Games Gagnon won two gold medals in the women's solo and women's duet (with Isabelle Rampling). She repeated this feat at the following Commonwealth Games with a further two golds.

At the 2008 Summer Olympics, Marie-Pier finished in sixth place with partner Isabelle Rampling in the women's duet. She returned to 2012 Summer Olympics where an improved performance in the women's duet saw her finish in fourth place with Élise Marcotte.

Shortly after the London Olympics, Boudreau Gagnon announced her retirement from competitive sports.

## InfoBox

Marie-Pier Boudreau Gagnon
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Canada |
| Born | (1983-03-03) March 3, 1983<br>Rivière-du-Loup, Quebec, Canada |
| Height | 171 cm (5 ft 7 in) |
| Weight | 56 kg (123 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Synchronized swimming |
| Club | Montréal Synchro Club |
| Medal record      Representing  Canada  Synchronized swimming  World Championships  2009 Rome  Solo technical routine  2009 Rome  Free routine combination  2011 Shanghai  Free routine combination  Commonwealth Games  2006 Melbourne Solo  2006 Melbourne Duet  2010 Delhi Solo  2010 Delhi Duet  Pan American Games  2011 Guadalajara  Duet  2011 Guadalajara  Team  2007 Rio  Duet  2007 Rio  Team | |


title: Masahiko Tanaka (baseball)

abstract: Masahiko Tanaka is a Japanese former professional baseball catcher in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball. He played with the Chiba Lotte Marines from 2007 to 2012 and the Tokyo Yakult Swallows in 2013 and 2015.

text:
# Masahiko Tanaka (baseball)

**Masahiko Tanaka** (田中 雅彦, born January 9, 1982, in Tondabayashi, Osaka) is a Japanese former professional baseball catcher in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball. He played with the Chiba Lotte Marines from 2007 to 2012 and the Tokyo Yakult Swallows in 2013 and 2015.

## InfoBox

| Masahiko Tanaka | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles – No. 96 | |
| **Catcher / Manager** | |
| **Born:**  (1982-01-09) January 9, 1982 | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| NPB debut | |
| May 27, 2007, for the Chiba Lotte Marines | |
| Last NPB appearance | |
| August 30, 2015, for the Tokyo Yakult Swallows | |
| NPB statistics
(through 2015) | |
| Batting average | .219 |
| Home runs | 1 |
| RBI | 24 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
| **As player** **As manager**
**As coach** | |


title: Philip G. Johnson

abstract: Philip Gustav Johnson was a Swedish-American pioneer in the manufacturing of airplanes and in the creation and operation of commercial airlines in the United States and Canada. With backgrounds as an engineer and businessman, Johnson served as president of Boeing, United Airlines and Kenworth.

text:
# Philip G. Johnson

**Philip Gustav Johnson** (November 5, 1894 – September 14, 1944) was a Swedish-American pioneer in the manufacturing of airplanes and in the creation and operation of commercial airlines in the United States and Canada. With backgrounds as an engineer and businessman, Johnson served as president of Boeing, United Airlines and Kenworth.

## Biography

Philip Gustav Johnson was born the son of Swedish immigrants Charles and Hannah Johnson in Seattle, Washington. He graduated from the University of Washington in 1917 with a degree in mechanical engineering. In Johnson's senior year, William Boeing recruited him for a position at the fledgling Boeing Company, which came into being in July 1916. Johnson started working for Boeing as draftsman in the engineering department. He was named president in 1926.

In 1929, Boeing combined with Pratt & Whitney and other companies to form a large conglomerate known as the United Aircraft and Transport Corporation. Johnson headed this holding company, which was broken up by legislative action in the aftermath of the Air Mail scandal of 1934. Johnson became president of United Airlines, which emerged from this restructuring, but was officially barred from the airline industry for several years, along with many other air executives who had attended the so-called "Spoils Conference" of 1930, when commercial air mail contracts were first awarded. Subsequent evaluation vindicated Johnson and his fellow airline industry captains, who were unfairly tarred in the press because no collusive behavior counter to the public good in fact occurred at that meeting.

Unable at that time to participate in the U.S. airline industry, Johnson in 1937 departed the United States for Canada, where he helped form Trans-Canada Airlines as its Vice President of Operations. A superb businessman, he also served as president of truck manufacturer Kenworth Truck Company from 1937 until his death. In 1939, the federal legislation that had driven Johnson out of Boeing was rescinded. He returned to Boeing as president, focusing on the war production required by World War II.

Johnson also served on the board of directors for the Pacific National Bank, Puget Sound Power and Light, and Puget Sound Navigation Company. For his numerous accomplishments, he was also named the “First Citizen” of Seattle in 1943. While overseeing operations at the Boeing plant in Wichita, Kansas, he died the following year at the age of 49 from a cerebral hemorrhage. In 1990, Philip G. Johnson was honored when The Boeing Company endowed an engineering chair at the University of Washington in his name.

## Other sources

## Further reading

* Bagley, Clarence *History of King County Washington, Vol. III* (Chicago-Seattle: The S. J. Clarke Publishing Co., 1929)
* Hanford, C. H. *Seattle & Environs: 1852–1924, Vol. II* (Chicago-Seattle: Pioneer Historical Publishing Co., 1924)
* Mills, Albert J., Helms Mills, Jean, and Grandy, Gina. *Flying in the face of reality: Gender rules in Trans-Canada Air Lines and the British Overseas Airways Corporation, 1937–1947*, 19th International Colloquium of the Standing Conference on Organizational Symbolism (2001)


title: Moroka River

abstract: The Moroka River is a perennial river of the Mitchell River catchment, located in the Alpine region of the Australian state of Victoria.

text:
# Moroka River

The **Moroka River** is a perennial river of the Mitchell River catchment, located in the Alpine region of the Australian state of Victoria.

## Location and features

The Moroka River rises below Picture Point near Mount Wellington on the Great Dividing Range, north of Avon Wilderness Park. This river flows generally east, then northeast, then north, then in a highly meandering course generally northwest, then north, and finally northeast, joined by three tributaries including the Little River (Moroka), before reaching its confluence with the Wonnangatta River in remote country within the Alpine National Park in the Shire of Wellington. The river descends 1,220 metres (4,000 ft) over its 48-kilometre (30 mi) course.

The river flows through the **Moroka Gorge**, nestled below Mount Kent, Mount Dawson, Cromwell Knob, and Billy Goat Bluff. A walking track commences at Horseyard Flat near Moroka Road and follows the river for approximately 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) downstream to the First Falls, which can be viewed from a rock platform. Beyond First Falls, the route is unmarked and difficult.

## InfoBox

| Moroka | |
| --- | --- |
| The upper reaches of the Moroka River, viewed from Moroka Road bridge | |
| Location of the Moroka River mouth in Victoria | |
| Location | |
| Country | Australia |
| State | Victoria |
| Region | Australian Alps (IBRA), Victorian Alps |
| Local government area | Shire of Wellington |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | Mount Wellington, Great Dividing Range |
| location | below Picture Point |
| coordinates | 37°29′36″S 149°49′15″E / 37.49333°S 149.82083°E / -37.49333; 149.82083 |
| elevation | 1,580 m (5,180 ft) |
|  | |
| Mouth | Wonnangatta River |
| location | Alpine National Park |
| coordinates | 37°20′16″S 146°55′2″E / 37.33778°S 146.91722°E / -37.33778; 146.91722 |
| elevation | 353 m (1,158 ft) |
| Length | 48 km (30 mi) |
| Basin features | |
| River system | Mitchell River catchment |
| Tributaries |  |
| left | Playboy Creek |
| right | Carey Creek, Little River (Moroka) |
| National park | Alpine NP |
|  | |


title: Utah's 28th State Senate district

abstract: The 28th Utah Senate District is located in Beaver County, Utah, Garfield, Iron, Kane, Millard and Washington Counties and includes Utah House Districts 68, 69, 71, 72 and 73. The current State Senator representing the 28th district is Evan Vickers. Vickers was elected to the Utah Senate in 2012.

text:
# Utah's 28th State Senate district

The **28th Utah Senate District** is located in Beaver County, Utah, Garfield, Iron, Kane, Millard and Washington Counties and includes Utah House Districts 68, 69, 71, 72 and 73. The current State Senator representing the 28th district is Evan Vickers. Vickers was elected to the Utah Senate in 2012.

## Previous Utah State Senators (District 28)

| Name | Party | Term |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Casey O. Anderson | Republican | 2011–2013 |
| Dennis E. Stowell | Republican | 2006–2011 |
| Thomas V. Hatch | Republican | 2003–2006 |
|
| Leonard M. Blackham | Republican | 1993–2002 |
|
| Cary G. Peterson | Republican | 1981–1992 |
|
| Thorpe A. Waddingham | Democrat | 1977–1980 |
|
| G. Stanford Rees | Republican | 1973–1976 |
|
| Kendrick Harward | Republican | 1967–1972 |
|

## Election results

### 2006 General Election

Utah State Senate election, 2006
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | Dennis E. Stowell | 14,868 | 64.4 |  |
|  | Democratic | Emily B. Hollinshead | 6,660 | 28.9 |  |
|  | Constitution | Woodard H. Westfall | 1,556 | 6.7 |  |


title: Mavuso Msimang

abstract: Mavuso Walter Msimang is a South African civil servant and politician. He is a co-founder of African Parks, a Johannesburg-based conservation organization, and has also served as CEO of South African National Parks (SANparks). In the 1960s, he was a member of the military high command of uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK), the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC).

text:
# Mavuso Msimang

**Mavuso Walter Msimang** (born 1941) is a South African civil servant and politician. He is a co-founder of African Parks, a Johannesburg-based conservation organization, and has also served as CEO of South African National Parks (SANparks). In the 1960s, he was a member of the military high command of uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK), the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC).

## Early life and education

Mavuso Walter Msimang was born in 1941 at in Edendale, outside Pietermaritzburg, and grew up around missionaries. While living with his grandmother in Jobstown, outside Newcastle during his primary school years, he remained unaware that his parents had divorced, only learning of it when he returned to Edendale to start high school.. In 1960 he matriculated at Inkamana High School, a catholic school in Vryheid.

In 1976, he graduated from the University of Zambia with a Bachelor of Science in entomology, specialising in biochemistry. He also holds a Master of Business Administration from the United States International University, California.

## Early political involvement

In the 1960s he was stationed at the ANC military base in Kongwa, Tanzania, and 1967 was Chief of Communications of MK. MK was a banned organisation which worked to topple the apartheid government in South African from the 1960s through to the early 1990s, when the country transitioned to majority rule.

He moved to Zambia, where there was a large community of South African ANC members living in exile. Here he met his wife, Ntombi, who was an accountant, and had three daughters, including the writer and political analyst Sisonke Msimang. He earned a BSc in entomology and biology from the University of Zambia in 1976, and a master's degree in business administration in 1984 from the United States International University while living in Kenya. USIU was later taken over by Alliant International University.

Msimang worked as a UN volunteer from 1977 and later worked for the UN's World Food Programme in Kenya and Zambia between 1977 and 1984. From 1984 to 1987 he worked in both Ethiopia and Ottawa, Canada, for the World University Service of Canada (WUSC). From 1987 to 1991 he was the country director in Kenya for CARE Canada, and from 1991 to 1993 he was a senior project officer for UNICEF in Ethiopia and Eritrea.

## Post-apartheid career

Msimang moved back to South Africa after the end of apartheid with his family in 1993–1994, initially to Durban, where he worked as a business consultant and CEO of the Umthombo Pride Trust, before being appointed executive director of South African Tourism. He became CEO of South African National Parks in 1997, which had begun a major re-conceptualisation from 1994.

He was CEO at the State Information Technology Agency from October 2003 and 2007, before being appointed Director-General of the Department of Home Affairs in 2007. He retired from this role in 2010.

Msimang was one of the founders of African Parks Network, and is as of 2021 Emeritus Board Member. He has been a member of the World Wildlife Fund South Africa Board since February 2011, and as of 2021 and chairs the Social Ethics and Transformation Committee as well as sitting on the Board's Remuneration and Human Resources and Nomination Committees.

In the wake of diminished support for the ANC in the 2021 municipal elections, he has been critical of the factional politics within the party, in his capacity as a member of the ANC National Executive Committee. He did not stand for re-election to the NEC at the party's 55th National Conference in 2022.

During the third national conference of the African National Congress Veterans' League held in July 2023, Msimang was elected unopposed as deputy president of the league.

Msimang resigned from the ANC in December 2023, citing endemic corruption and its consequences for the country, especially the poor. A week later it was reported that he had withdrawn his resignation after discussions with the Secretary General of the ANC, Fikile Mbalula.

### Controversies

Msimang was accused of misappropriating funds from the Umthombo Pride Trust where he was CEO between 1993 and 1994. These claims were never proven and he blamed dismissed employees for the allegations.

In 2007 while CEO of SITA Msimang was accused of sexual harassment. Charges were filed but later withdrawn. He blamed the media for circulating the allegations without getting his side of the story. One of his daughters, Sisonke Msimang, herself a women’s rights activist, wrote a piece defending her father from the allegations and criticising the media and feminists for their reactions, saying that she was "saddened, but not surprised" by the latter. She also stated that the accuser was one of her former colleagues.

## Personal life

Msimang has three daughters, including writer Sisonke Msimang.

## InfoBox

| Mavuso Walter Msimang | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1941 (age 8283)<br>Edendale, outside Pietermaritzburg |
| Nationality | South African |
| Alma mater | University of Zambia |
| Known for | Politics |
| Political party | African National Congress |


title: Vittorio Calcina

abstract: Vittorio Calcina was the first Italian filmmaker in history.

text:
# Vittorio Calcina

**Vittorio Calcina** (31 December 1847 – 31 December 1916) was the first Italian filmmaker in history.

## Biography

Born in Turin, Calcina was a photographer by profession, he was the Lumière brothers' representative for Italy from 1896. In that year:

* he was the creator of the first filming of a pope, when he immortalized Pope Leo XIII in the Vatican Gardens on 26 February 1896;
* on 23 October 1896, Calcina asked the municipality of Brescia for the concession of the San Luca Hospital to carry out, in the rooms of the "Forza e Costanza" gymnasium, the screening with cinematograph of *Il bagno di Diana* by Giuseppe Filippi;
* on 7 November 1896 he organized a screening of about 20 films by the Lumière brothers in the former Hospice of Charity in via Po 33 in Turin.

He then became the official photographer of the House of Savoy, the Italian ruling dynasty from 1861 to 1946. In this role he filmed the first Italian film, *Sua Maestà il Re Umberto e Sua Maestà la Regina Margherita a passeggio per il parco a Monza* (English: His Majesty the King Umberto and Her Majesty the Queen Margherita strolling through the Monza Park), believed to have been lost until it was rediscovered by the Cineteca Nazionale in 1979.

He ended his career as a short film director in 1905, when he resumed the activity of representative of the Lumière brothers in Italy. He died in Milan and was buried in Turin.

## Filmography

List of films made by Calcina:

* 1896: *Sua Santità papa Leone XIII*
* 1896: *Sua Maestà il Re Umberto e Sua Maestà la Regina Margherita a passeggio per il parco a Monza*
* 1897: *Le principi di Napoli a Firenze*
* 1898: *Varo della Emanuele Filiberto a Castellammare*
* 1898: *L'entrata dell'esposizione di Torino*
* 1898: *Ciclisti romani in arrivo a Torino*
* 1899: *Il re alla rivista delle truppe reduci dalle grandi manovre l'8 settembre 1899*
* 1899: *La passione di Cristo*
* 1900: *Il corteo funebre di accompagnamento alla salma di re Umberto*
* 1901: *La nave Stella Polare del Duca degli Abruzzi*
* 1905: *Il terremoto in Calabria*

## InfoBox

| Vittorio Calcina | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1847-12-31)31 December 1847
Turin, Piedmont
Italy |
| Died | 31 December 1916(1916-12-31) (aged 69)
Milan, Lombardy
Italy |
| Occupation(s) | Filmmaker
director |
| Years active | 1896–1905 |


title: Ursquilla

abstract: Ursquilla is an extinct genus of mantis shrimp that lived in Israel and Jordan during the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous period. It contains a single species, Ursquilla yehoachi.

text:
# Ursquilla

***Ursquilla*** (meaning "primeval *Squilla*", in comparison to the related modern genus) is an extinct genus of mantis shrimp that lived in Israel and Jordan during the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous period. It contains a single species, ***Ursquilla yehoachi***.

## Discovery and naming

The first known specimen of *Ursquilla* (MNHN R. 62691) was discovered in Nahal Tze'elim (formerly known as the Ouadi Seiyal Valley), Israel near a road leading from Beersheba to Mount Sodom, likely in the vicinity of Arad, and is kept in the National Museum of Natural History, France. The deposits in which it originates are part of the Campanian-aged Chert Member of the Mishash Formation, and cover the southeastern flank of the anticline of the Judaean Mountains. This specimen was first described by Jean Marcel Remy and Moché Avnimelech in 1955, who identified it as the carapace of an eryonid crustacean. They designated this fossil as the holotype of a new species which they named *Eryon yehoachi*. The specific name honors M. Yehoach, who collected the specimen.

In 1969, it was published in the *Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology* that Martin Glaessner stated the *Eryon yehoachi* type specimen is not a carapace, but actually represents the telson and part of the sixth abdominal segment of a mantis shrimp. It was further stated that the specimen may belong to the extant genus *Squilla*, but was not complete enough for certain identification. This identification was further supported by Cees H.J. Hof, who formally redescribed the specimen in 1998 and established the genus *Ursquilla*, renaming the species as *Ursquilla yehoachi*. The generic name combines the prefix *ur* (meaning "primeval") with the genus *Squilla*, referencing its ancient age and similarity to the extant genus. Furthermore, Hof assigned three additional specimens to the species; one of which (GSI M-8113) belongs to the collection of the Geological Survey of Israel and was collected from the Chert Member of the Mishash Formation, in the northern flank of the Hazera anticline, Israel by Dr. S. Ilani in 1994. The other two specimens are preserved together in the same slab (BMNH I 7316) found in the outcrops of the Amman Formation east of Al-Karak, Jordan, presented in May 1906 and kept in the London Natural History Museum. All these fossils preserve only the tail fan of the animal. An epoxy resin cast of the type specimen is also kept in the London Natural History Museum and labelled as BMNH I 15472.

A fifth specimen was found by Stan Natkaniec in the Negev Desert, Israel during a private trip and donated to the State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart. This fossil (designated as SMNS 67703) preserves the tail fan and last three abdominal segments of the animal. It was identified as a specimen of *U. yehoachi* by Günter Schweigert and described in a paper published in 2013, which also reevaluated the four previously known *Ursquilla* specimens.

## Description

Known specimens of *Ursquilla* have preserved only the tail fan and last three segments of the abdomen. Size of the telson varies between specimens from 2.4–3.2 cm (0.94–1.26 in) in length and 2.4–3.0 cm (0.94–1.18 in) in width, with the smallest specimens proposed to represent immature individuals. Taking 2.8 cm (1.1 in) as an average telson length and assuming the animal had body proportions matching modern squilloid mantis shrimp such as *Squilla mantis*, it has been estimated that *Ursquilla* reached a total length of 17–18 cm (6.7–7.1 in).

### Abdomen

Based on other mantis shrimp, the animal presumably had six abdominal segments, thus the known segments would be the fourth to sixth. The sixth abdominal segment is decorated with four pairs of keels designated as (in order of increasing distance from the center) the submedian, intermediate, lateral and marginal keels. Apart from the marginal keels, all are ornamented with a row of tubercles. The submedian keels are straight and show a gradual increase in height down the animal's length before abruptly ending at the hind margin of the segment. The intermediate keels are slightly curved and less pronounced. The lateral and marginal keels are preserved only in the sixth abdominal segment of one specimen (GSI M-8113), showing the lateral keels are straight while the marginal keels are positioned obliquely, fusing with the lateral keels at the back of the segment. The fourth and fifth abdominal segments are only preserved in one specimen (SMNS 67703) and not preserved as well as the sixth, but appear mostly similar to it in structure apart from having less pronounced ridges.

### Telson

The telson is vaguely rectangular in shape, about as long as it is broad and with convex side margins. Three pairs of teeth-like protrusions are present on the margins, with the hindmost pair protruding from the back margin of the telson. The protrusions of the hindmost pair are inflated over their length, and each is decorated with four to six tubercles which decrease in size down the length of the protrusions. The other two pairs of protrusions are less pronounced and lack tubercles. Between the middle and hindmost protrusions on each side are a row of four serrations of equal size, known as intermediate denticles. Four addition serrations known as submedian denticles are present on the very back of the telson between the hindmost pair of protrusions, arranged into two pairs (one pair on either side of the telson midline). From the middle protrusions to the front of the telson, the telson margin is inflated, forming a rounded marginal keel decorated with small tubercles. Halfway between the frontmost pair of protrusions and the front margin of the telson is a crease known as the prelateral lobe (a feature seen in derived squilloid mantis shrimp).

Down the middle of the telson is a robust and rounded keel known as the median keel, which starts a few millimeters behind the front margin of the telson and ends a few millimeters in front of the submedian denticles. The median keel is flanked on either side by a straight row of tubercles. At the side of each row of tubercles is another keel called the submedian keel. This paired submedian keels have small tubercles on their surface and stretch down the length of the telson, almost lining up with hindmost pair of marginal teeth-like protrusions. The submedian keels are mostly straight but curve slightly towards the sides at the front. Another pair of keels known as the lateral keels run close to the telson margins, and are also decorated with tubercles. The lateral keels are curved, together almost forming an ovular outline, and nearly merge with the submedian keels and hindmost marginal protrusions at their end. A short ridge connects each lateral keel to the marginal keel near it, at which pint there is also a small protrusion of the lateral keel pointing towards the telson center.

### Uropods

The uropods are biramous (branched into two) and preserved in two of the known *Ursquilla* specimens: GSI M-8113 only preserves incomplete parts of them, while SMNS 67703 preserves them better. The protopod (basal segment) has a curved keel on its outer margin, a branched median keel with small tubercles, and a short keel near the base of the protopod running parallel to the margin of the abdomen. The endopod (inner branch) has an elongated ovular shape and possibly a keel down the middle. SMNS 67703 shows that the exopod (outer branch) is composed of two parts, the proximal part being subrectangular and slightly C-shaped, articulated against the smaller and paddle-shaped distal part. However, GSI M-8113 only poorly preserved the exopod, thus Hof (1998) claims it appears to be made of only one segment. SMNS 67703 shows possibly up to 11 backward-pointing articulated spines along the outer margin of the proximal part of the exopod. The spines increase in length away from the base of the exopod, with the closest to the base measuring 2 mm (0.079 in) and the second closest to the tip measuring 7 mm (0.28 in). The closest spine to the tip of the exopod is broken off, but presumably is the longest. The paddle-like distal part of the exopod is estimated to be 12 mm (0.47 in) long and 6 mm (0.24 in) wide in SMNS 67703, but has only been preserved faintly. There is some indication of setae (bristles) along the rim of this part.

## Classification

In his initial description of *Ursquilla*, Hof (1998) established the monotypic family Ursquillidae to accommodate the genus. Recognizing the similarity of *Ursquilla* to the modern genus *Squilla*, he assigned the family to the superfamily Squilloidea. However, an analysis by Shane T. Ahyong published in 2005 found that despite its age, *Ursquilla* is a highly derived member of the extant family Squillidae, showing that this family had already greatly diversified by the Late Cretaceous period, and thus Ursquillidae was declared a junior synonym of Squillidae. This result was further supported by the later discovery of an additional *Ursquilla* specimen, revealing a prelateral lobe on the telson like that found in other squillids.

A phylogenetic analysis conducted by Smith *et al.* (2023) recovered Squillidae as a non-monophyletic grouping, with *Nodosculda* (traditionally placed in Sculdidae) being the closest relative to *Squilla mantis* despite the latter and *Ursquilla* having previously been assigned to the same family. However, it is also proposed that such an unconventional result may be due to the fact that *Ursquilla*, *Nodosculda* and *Lysiosquilla nkporoensis* are poorly known, and more material of squillids is needed to resolve the relationships of the group. The results of the analysis are displayed below:

## Paleobiology

Cees H.J. Hof first noted in 1998 that the known specimens of *Ursquilla* show variation in the shape of the telson, with those of the two specimens from the Jordanian slab (BMNH I 7316) being more elongated and the keels being less inflated in comparison to the telsons of other known specimens from Israel. He suggested that this may be a preservational artifact. However, it was later pointed out by Haug *et al.* (2013) that since the two Jordanian specimens are preserved close together on the same slab but oriented in different directions, tectonic deformation would not cause them both to be elongated the same way. Instead, they propose that telson variation among known specimens was actually due to ontogeny, with the telson becoming relatively wider and its keels becoming more inflated as the animal grew older. This is supported by the fact that the most elongated telsons are from the smallest known specimens (the two fossils on the Jordanian slab), while the largest known specimen of *Ursquilla* (the holotype, MNHN R. 62691) shows the proportionally broadest telson and most inflated keels. Though the idea of the telson variation being an example of sexual dimorphism was also considered, telson ratio differences between sexes has not been reported in any extant mantis shrimp, whereas keel inflation with increasing age is known from many living species, especially within the family Squillidae (which *Ursquilla* is a member of).

## InfoBox

| *Ursquilla*
Temporal range: | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Malacostraca |
| Order: | Stomatopoda |
| Family: | Squillidae |
| Genus: | *Ursquilla*
Hof, 1998 |
| Species: | ***U. yehoachi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ursquilla yehoachi***
Remy and Avnimelech, 1955 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Eryon yehoachi*
Remy and Avnimelech, 1955 | |


title: Yueyahe Subdistrict

abstract: Yueyahe Subdistrict is a subdistrict situated within Hebei District, Tianjin, China. It borders Jianchang Avenue and Jinzhong Subdistricts to its north, Huaming Subdistrict to its east, Changzhou Avenue Subdistrict to its south, and Jiangdu Road Subdistrict to its west. According to the 2010 census, the subdistrict's population was 85,564. The subdistrict was named after Yueya River that runs through the region.

text:
# Yueyahe Subdistrict

**Yueyahe Subdistrict** (Chinese: 月牙河街道; pinyin: *Yuèyáhé Jiēdào*) is a subdistrict situated within Hebei District, Tianjin, China. It borders Jianchang Avenue and Jinzhong Subdistricts to its north, Huaming Subdistrict to its east, Changzhou Avenue Subdistrict to its south, and Jiangdu Road Subdistrict to its west. According to the 2010 census, the subdistrict's population was 85,564.

The subdistrict was named after Yueya (Chinese: 月牙; lit. 'Crescent Moon') River that runs through the region.

## History

Timeline of Yueyahe Subdistrict
| Year | Status | Within |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1953 - 1958 |  | Dongjiao District, Tianjin |
| 1958 - 1964 |  | Hebei District, Tianjin |
| 1964 - 1985 | Dabizhuang Township | Dongjiao District, Tianjin |
| 1985 - 1989 | Dabizhuang Township
Jingjiang Road Subdistrict |  |
| 1989 - 2000 | Dajiang Road Subdistrict
Jingjiang Road Subdistrict |  |
| 2000 - present | Yueyahe Subdistrict | Hebei District, Tianjin |

## Administrative divisions

In 2021, Yueyahe Subdistrict was divided into 13 residential communities. They are listed in the table below:

| Subdivision Names | Name Transliterations |
| --- | --- |
| 靖江西里 | Jingjiang Xili |
| 靖江东里 | Jingjiang Dongli |
| 涪江北里 | Fujiang Beili |
| 开江南里 | Kaijiang Nanli |
| 满江里 | Manjiangli |
| 大江里 | Dajiangli |
| 锦江北里 | Jinjiang Beili |
| 金沙江里 | Jinshajiangli |
| 月牙河北里 | Yueyahe Beili |
| 环江里 | Huanjiangli |
| 丹江里 | Danjiangli |
| 琴江公寓 | Qinjiang Gongyu |
| 泉江里 | Quanjiangli |

## InfoBox

| Yueyahe Subdistrict 月牙河街道 | |
| --- | --- |
| Subdistrict | |
| Yueyahe Station of Tianjin Subway, 2021 | |
| Location of Yueyahe Subdistrict in Hebei District | |
| Yueyahe SubdistrictYueyahe Subdistrict | |
| Coordinates: 39°09′36″N 117°14′59″E / 39.16000°N 117.24972°E / 39.16000; 117.24972 | |
| Country | China |
| Municipality | Tianjin |
| District | Hebei |
| Village-level Divisions | 13 communities |
| Area | |
| Total | 2.06 km2 (0.80 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 6 m (20 ft) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 85,564 |
| Density | 42,000/km2 (110,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 300250 |
| Area code | 022 |


title: Morris Silverman House

abstract: The Morris Silverman House is a historic house in Helena, Montana, U.S.. It was built in 1890 for Morris Silverman, a Russian Jewish immigrant. His daughter Dorothy, a schoolteacher, lived in the house until 1969. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since June 14, 1982.

text:
# Morris Silverman House

The **Morris Silverman House** is a historic house in Helena, Montana, U.S.. It was built in 1890 for Morris Silverman, a Russian Jewish immigrant. His daughter Dorothy, a schoolteacher, lived in the house until 1969. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since June 14, 1982.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Morris Silverman House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 412 N. Rodney St., Helena, Montana |
| Coordinates | 46°35′20″N 112°1′52″W / 46.58889°N 112.03111°W / 46.58889; -112.03111 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1890 (1890) |
| NRHP reference No. | 82004636 |
| Added to NRHP | June 14, 1982 |


title: Masbury railway station

abstract: Masbury railway station was a small isolated station on the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway's main line between Evercreech Junction and Bath. It was situated to the north of Shepton Mallet and near the summit of the line as it crossed the Mendip Hills. The station opened in 1874 and closed with the rest of the line under the Beeching Axe in March 1966. Maesbury Railway Cutting is a two hectare geological Site of Special Scientific Interest between East Horrington and Gurney Slade and a Geological Conservation Review site because it exposes approximately 135 metres of strata representing the middle and upper Lower Limestone Shales and the basal Black Rock Limestone. Both formations are of early Carboniferous (Courceyan) age. It lies close to the Iron Age hill fort Maesbury Castle. The station was never heavily used, and from 1938 it was reduced to a "halt" status. A feature of the station was a substantial stone-built stationmaster's house on the main northbound platform. The front of the house, which is still standing and in private hands, features a fanciful carving of Maesbury Castle as a medieval castle: in fact, Maesbury is an Iron Age fort nearby. There is about a half-mile of ramparts and views to Glastonbury Tor. The station is located mostly on private land but a public footpath crosses it. In May 2013 an online appeal was launched by the Somerset & Dorset Railway Heritage Trust to raise £500,000 by 30 September 2013 to purchase the station. The trust eventually raised only £80,000 by the deadline, and the site was sold to another party. The site is now in private hands so visitors are asked to respect the fact that it is a family home. Plans are in progress to restore the station to its original state, including rebuilding the signal box and renovating the platforms and waiting rooms.

text:
# Masbury railway station

**Masbury railway station** was a small isolated station on the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway's main line between Evercreech Junction and Bath. It was situated to the north of Shepton Mallet and near the summit of the line as it crossed the Mendip Hills. The station opened in 1874 and closed with the rest of the line under the Beeching Axe in March 1966.

Maesbury Railway Cutting is a two hectare geological Site of Special Scientific Interest between East Horrington and Gurney Slade and a Geological Conservation Review site because it exposes approximately 135 metres of strata representing the middle and upper Lower Limestone Shales and the basal Black Rock Limestone. Both formations are of early Carboniferous (Courceyan) age. It lies close to the Iron Age hill fort Maesbury Castle.

The station was never heavily used, and from 1938 it was reduced to a "halt" status. A feature of the station was a substantial stone-built stationmaster's house on the main northbound platform. The front of the house, which is still standing and in private hands, features a fanciful carving of Maesbury Castle as a medieval castle: in fact, Maesbury is an Iron Age fort nearby. There is about a half-mile of ramparts and views to Glastonbury Tor. The station is located mostly on private land but a public footpath crosses it.

In May 2013 an online appeal was launched by the Somerset & Dorset Railway Heritage Trust to raise £500,000 by 30 September 2013 to purchase the station. The trust eventually raised only £80,000 by the deadline, and the site was sold to another party. The site is now in private hands so visitors are asked to respect the fact that it is a family home. Plans are in progress to restore the station to its original state, including rebuilding the signal box and renovating the platforms and waiting rooms.

| Preceding station |  | Disused railways |  | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Shepton Mallet
(Charlton Road)
Line and station closed |  | Somerset & Dorset Joint Railway
LSWR and Midland Railways |  | Binegar
Line and station closed |

* *Somerset Railway Stations*, by Mike Oakley, Dovecote Press, 2002.

51°13′22″N 2°34′07″W / 51.2229°N 2.5685°W / 51.2229; -2.5685

## InfoBox

| Masbury | |
| --- | --- |
| Masbury Station, with Up express in 1959 | |
| General information | |
| Location | nr Shepton Mallet, Mendip
England |
| Grid reference | ST604473 |
| Platforms | 2 |
| Other information | |
| Status | Disused |
| History | |
| Pre-grouping | Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway |
| Post-grouping | SR and LMSR
Western Region of British Railways |
| Key dates | |
| 20 July 1874 | Opened (Masbury) |
| 26 September 1938 | Renamed (Masbury Halt) |
| 7 March 1966 | Closed |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Fráech

abstract: Fráech is a Connacht hero and demigod in the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology. He is the nephew of Boann, goddess of the river Boyne, and son of Idath of the men of Connaught and Bébinn, and is renowned for his handsomeness and exploits. He belongs to the Fir Domnann.

text:
# Fráech

**Fráech** (**Fróech**, **Fraích**, **Fraoch**) is a Connacht hero and demigod in the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology. He is the nephew of Boann, goddess of the river Boyne, and son of Idath of the men of Connaught and Bébinn (sister of Boann of the sidhe), and is renowned for his handsomeness and exploits. He belongs to the Fir Domnann.

## Irish mythology

### The Cattle-Raid of Fráech

In "The Cattle-Raid of Fráech" Fráech travels to the court of Ailill and Medb in pursuit of their daughter Findabair, after it becomes known that she is in love with him. Findabair falls in love with Fráech because of the great stories being told about him, Fráech's household convince him to visit his maternal aunt Boand to obtain wondrous gifts from her. Boand gives Fráech fifty intricately worked mantles and tunics with animal details, fifty jeweled spears that lit the night like the sun, fifty dark horses with gold bells, fifty swords with golden hilts, seven hounds in silver chains, seven trumpeters, three jesters, and three harpists. Fráech is warmly welcomed into Ailill and Medb's home, where he and his company are entertained feasted for a fortnight. After biding his time Fráech follows Findabair and her maid to the river while they are bathing one night, and Fráech explains his true purpose in coming to Cruachan - to elope with Findabair. Findabair says that she cannot elope, that being below her station, but she is happy Fráech has come to marry her and gives him a gold ring that her mother Medb gave her. Fráech goes to Ailill and Medb to ask for Findabair's hand in marriage, and they request in compensation an exorbitant bride-price consisting of sixty horses with gold bits, twelve white cattle with red ears with twelve calves, and Fráech's support in the Cattle raid of Cooley. Fráech refuses the dowry, saying he would not give it for Medb herself. Ailill and Medb fear that Fráech will elope with Findabair so they plot to murder him in such a way that they cannot be blamed. They tell Fráech that he has a reputation as a good swimmer and take him to a river where they will watch him bathe. When Fráech removes his clothes and enters the water, Ailill opens Fráech's purse and finds Findabair's ring; Ailill throws the ring into the water, and Fráech watches as a salmon leaps from the water to swallow it. Fráech catches the fish and brings it to shore, at which point Medb asks him to stay in the water and retrieve a branch of beautiful rowan berries on the other side of the river.). Fráech retrieves a branch of the rowan tree, so Medb asks for another branch, and when Fráech returns to the water he is attacked by a water monster (sometimes referred to as a dragon or serpent). Fráech begs for his sword from the company, but none of Ailill's men dare to help him, so Findabair strips off her clothes and dives into the water with Fráech's sword. Ailill attempts to spear his own daughter, but Fráech catches the spear and throws it back at Ailill. Findabair gives Fráech his sword and he beheads the water serpent but is badly wounded. Ailill and Medb take him back to their palace and prepare a bath for Fráech from bacon and the fresh meat of a heifer; they then place him in a bed to die, but a hundred and fifty maidens of the Sidhe, all dressed in green, hear the lamentations for Fráech and carry him off to the burial caverns of Cruachan. To the astonishment of all, the following morning Fráech returns to the court of Medb and Ailill without a single blemish, and the two companies make peace. In secret, Fráech immediately tells his servant to retrieve the salmon that he left on the shore the previous day, to cook it for Findabair and to remove the ring from its belly. The two parties then proceed to feast and become drunk, and Ailill demands that all of his jewels be displayed before the court. He asks Findabair what became of the ring he gave her and tells her that if it is not found, he will put her to death, but if she can produce it, she may choose her own husband. Findabair then sends her maid to retrieve the cooked fish with the ring prominently displayed on its top, and Ailill demands that Fráech explain how the ring was retrieved. Fráech tells Ailill that he found the ring when he first came to visit and heard at the water's edge that Findabair had lost the ring and was looking for it; Fráech then said he offered to return it to Findabair in exchange for her love for one year. Ailill and Medb then tell Fráech to retrieve his cattle and that when he returns to them, they shall give him Findabair in marriage.

Fráech then departs from Ailill and Medb and finds that his cattle have been stolen along with his wife and three sons while he was away. Fráech joins up with Conall Cernach and the two track the cattle and his family to the Alps; they are warned that the thieves' hideout is guarded by two dangerous serpents, but when they arrive, the serpents jump into Conall's girdle and the two heroes raid and destroy the dun, regaining Fráech's cattle and family. Fráech then returns to Medb and Ailill and agrees to fight for them against the Ulstermen in the *Táin Bó Cuailnge* (Cattle Raid of Cooley). Finally Fráech returns to Ailill and Medb to join them for the Táin Bó Cuailnge.

These two discontinuous parts of Fráech's story are contained in the narrative *Táin Bó Fraích* –The Raid of Fráech's Cattle. Although orally transmitted since antiquity, the earliest manuscript that contains the tale is the 12th-century *Book of Leinster* which has a complete version of the story. Besides subject matter, A.H. Leahy identifies stylistic and other differences between the two parts. The first part is set before the *Táin Bó Cuailnge* while the second part contains a reference to the *Lombards* \`\`who do not appear in Italy until the end of the sixth century". Leahy concludes there were two writers, one of whom \`\`embellished the love-story part of the original legend’’, while the other added \`\`geographical and historical knowledge of the time." Corroborative evidence comes from *network science* which identified quantifiable differences between the two parts of Fraích's story. The society depicted in the first part has many similar network properties to that of *Táin Bó Cuailnge* while the second part is different both to the first part and to *Táin Bó Cuailnge*.

### The Death of Fráech

"The Death of Fráech" is a poem from *The Book of the Dean of Lismore* in which Fráech, who is described as the bravest, friendliest, and best of knights, is sent by Medb to retrieve the berries from a rowan tree on an island in Loch Medb. The berries from the rowan tree could cure disease and prolong life for a year, but the tree itself was guarded by a dragon or monster that dwelt in the loch among its roots. Fráech first went to the island and found the dragon asleep and was able to retrieve its berries unperceived. However Medb was not satisfied with the berries and requested that Fráech retrieve a branch from the tree. Fráech returned to the island and attempted to uproot the tree, but this act disturbed the dragon. The dragon bites Fráech in the side and tears off his arm, but Findabair provides a sword, which Fráech uses to behead the monster. Fráech finally comes ashore but dies of his wounds in Findabair's lap.

### Táin Bó Cuailnge

In the *Táin Bó Cuailnge*, Medb sends for Fráech to fight against Cú Chulainn. Fráech finds Cú Chulainn bathing in a river and Cú Chulainn warns Fráech that if he enters the water, he will kill him. Fráech removes his clothes and enters the water to wrestle with Cú Chulainn. Cú Chulainn partially drowns Fráech and asks him to yield, but Fráech refuses, so Cú Chulainn submerges him a second time until he dies. Fráech's body is borne away to Sid Fraich by a troop of maidens of the Sidhe, all dressed in green.

## Placenames

The mound of Carnfree (Irish *Carn Fraoich*, Fráech's Cairn) near Tulsk in County Roscommon, which was used for the inauguration of the O'Conor Kings of Connacht, preserves his name. The cave of Cruachan (Oweynagat meaning "cave of the cats") nearby contains an ogham inscription in primitive Irish reading *VRACCI MAQI MEDVVI*, (the cave) of Fráech son of Medb.

**Fraoch** is also the Celtic name of heather.

1. "The Cattle-Raid of Fraech". *www.maryjones.us*.
2. *Táin Bó Fraích.* English translation from *Heroic Romances of Ireland vol. II.* trans. and ed. by A.H. Leahy. London: David Nutt, 1906. Cf. also Old Irish version from the Corpus of Electronic Texts.
3. Matson, Gienna: *Celtic Mythology A to Z*, page 56. Chelsea House, 2004. ISBN 978-1-60413-413-1
4. unknown. "The Cattle-Raid of Fraech". *Celtic Literature Collective*. Mary Jones. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
5. Janickyj, M.; Curley, M.; MacCarron, P.; Yose, J.; Kenna, R. (31 October 2022). "The enigmatic Fráoch and his eponymous tale - network analysis of an early Irish heroic romance". *Advances in Complex Systems*. **25** (5&6): 2240006. doi:10.1142/S0219525922400069.
6. "The Celtic Dragon Myth: J F Campbell". *Sacred Texts*. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
7. *Táin Bó Cuailnge.* English translation of Recension 1 from Corpus of Electronic Texts.
8. "TITUS Ogamica: Database Query Result". *titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de*.


title: Marie-Pier Pinault-Reid

abstract: Marie-Pier Pinault-Reid is a Canadian rugby player. She represented Canada at the 2014 Women's Rugby World Cup and was voted to the tournament Dream Team.

text:
# Marie-Pier Pinault-Reid

**Marie-Pier Pinault-Reid** (born December 20, 1988) is a Canadian rugby player. She represented Canada at the 2014 Women's Rugby World Cup and was voted to the tournament Dream Team.

## International career

Pinault-Reid joined the national team in 2011 at the Nations Cups and retired from the national team in 2016.

## University rugby

During her first three years at the University of Laval in 2009-2012, she was named a RSEQ all-star, and returned in 2014 to study medicine.

## French rugby clubs

Before the 2014 world cup, she played in France with the Lons RC in 2012-2013 and AS Bayonne in 2013-2014.

## InfoBox

Marie-Pier Pinault-Reid
| Date of birth | (1988-12-20) December 20, 1988 |
| --- | --- |
| Height | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) |
| Weight | 93 kg (205 lb) |
| University | Universite de Laval |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Prop  Amateur team(s)  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2009-2012, 2014 Laval Rouge et Or   ()  2005-2015 Club de Rugby de Quebec   ()  2012-2013  RC Lons (Pau, France)   ()  2013-2014  AS Bayonne   ()  Provincial / State sides  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2012-2013  Quebec   ()  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2011-2016  Canada  21   2006-2007  Canada under-19 | |
| Medal record      Women's rugby union  Representing  Canada  World Cup  2014 France Team competition | |