abstract: The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court of Canada. It was established by the Parliament of Canada through the Supreme and Exchequer Court Act of 1875, as authorized by Section 101 of the Constitution Act, 1867. Since 1949, the Court has been the final court of appeal in the Canadian justice system. Parliament initially fixed the size of the Court at six justices: the chief justice of Canada and five puisne justices; and, until 1887, the justices also sat individually as judges of the Exchequer Court. A sixth puisne justice was added in 1927, bringing the Court to a total of seven justices. Two additional puisne seats were created in 1949, bringing the Court to a total of nine justices, which is its current complement. The following tables trace the succession of justices of the Supreme Court of Canada by seat. Justices are appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister. When a chief justice leaves office, the vacancy is traditionally filled by elevating an incumbent puisne justice to the position, which requires a separate appointment process. There are no formal numbers or names for the individual puisne justice seats, which are listed in this article simply by number and the name of the first puisne justice to occupy it, as well as by the year in which each was established by Parliament. The numbering of puisne justice seats established simultaneously, 1–5 and 6–7, reflects the order of precedence of the inaugural justices to occupy those seats. The start date listed for each justice is the day the justice took the judicial oath of office, and the end date is the date of the justice's death, resignation, retirement, or appointment as chief justice. The names of incumbents are in bold.

text:
# List of justices of the Supreme Court of Canada by seat

The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court of Canada. It was established by the Parliament of Canada through the Supreme and Exchequer Court Act of 1875, as authorized by Section 101 of the *Constitution Act, 1867*. Since 1949, the Court has been the final court of appeal in the Canadian justice system. (Previously, it had functioned as an intermediate appellate court subject to appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in the United Kingdom.) Parliament initially fixed the size of the Court at six justices: the chief justice of Canada and five puisne justices; and, until 1887, the justices also sat individually as judges of the Exchequer Court. A sixth puisne justice was added in 1927, bringing the Court to a total of seven justices. Two additional puisne seats were created in 1949, bringing the Court to a total of nine justices, which is its current complement.

The following tables trace the succession of **justices of the Supreme Court of Canada by seat**. Justices are appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister. When a chief justice leaves office, the vacancy is traditionally filled by elevating an incumbent puisne justice to the position, which requires a separate appointment process. There are no formal numbers or names for the individual puisne justice seats, which are listed in this article simply by number and the name of the first puisne justice to occupy it, as well as by the year in which each was established by Parliament. The numbering of puisne justice seats established simultaneously, 1–5 and 6–7, reflects the order of precedence of the inaugural justices to occupy those seats.

The *start date* listed for each justice is the day the justice took the judicial oath of office, and the *end date* is the date of the justice's death, resignation, retirement, or appointment as chief justice. The names of incumbents are in **bold**.

## Original seats

## Additional seats

1. *Supreme and Exchequer Court Act*, SC 1875, c. 11, s. 1.
2. *Constitution Act, 1867*, s. 101.
3. *Supreme and Exchequer Court Act*, s. 3.
4. *The Exchequer Court Act*, SC 1887, c 16.
5. *An Act to amend the Supreme Court Act*, SC 1927, c. 38, s. 1.
6. *An Act to amend the Supreme Court Act*, SC 1949, c. 37, s. 1.
7. *Supreme Court Act*, RSC 1985, c. S-26, s. 4.

## Sources

* Dates of service from:
"Current and Former Chief Justices". Ottawa, Ontario: Supreme Court of Canada. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
"Current and Former Judges". Ottawa, Ontario: Supreme Court of Canada. Retrieved November 13, 2018.


title: Merom (microprocessor)

abstract: Merom is the code name for various mobile Intel processors that are sold as Core 2 Duo, Core 2 Solo, Pentium Dual-Core and Celeron. It was the first mobile processor to be based on the Core microarchitecture, replacing the Enhanced Pentium M-based Yonah processor. Merom has the product code 80537, which is shared with Merom-2M and Merom-L that are very similar but have a smaller L2 cache. Merom-L has only one processor core and a different CPUID model. The desktop version of Merom is Conroe and the dual-socket server version is Woodcrest. Merom was manufactured in a 65 nanometer process, and was succeeded by Penryn, a 45 nm version of the Merom architecture. Together, Penryn and Merom represented the first 'tick-tock' in Intel's Tick-Tock manufacturing paradigm, in which Penryn was the 'tick' to Merom's 'tock'.

text:
# Merom (microprocessor)

***Merom*** is the code name for various mobile Intel processors that are sold as Core 2 Duo, Core 2 Solo, Pentium Dual-Core and Celeron. It was the first mobile processor to be based on the Core microarchitecture, replacing the Enhanced Pentium M-based Yonah processor. Merom has the product code 80537, which is shared with *Merom-2M* and *Merom-L* that are very similar but have a smaller L2 cache. Merom-L has only one processor core and a different CPUID model. The desktop version of Merom is Conroe and the dual-socket server version is Woodcrest. Merom was manufactured in a 65 nanometer process, and was succeeded by Penryn, a 45 nm version of the Merom architecture. Together, Penryn and Merom represented the first 'tick-tock' in Intel's Tick-Tock manufacturing paradigm, in which Penryn was the 'tick' (new process) to Merom's 'tock' (new architecture).

## Variants

| Processor | Brand name | Model (list) | Cores | L2 Cache | Socket | TDP |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Merom-L | Mobile Core 2 Solo | U2xxx | 1 | 2 MiB | BGA479 | 5.5 W |
| Merom-2M | Mobile Core 2 Duo | U7xxx | 2 | 2 MiB | BGA479 | 10 W |
| Merom | | L7xxx | | 4 MiB | | 17 W |
| Merom
Merom-2M | | T5xxx
T7xxx | | 2-4 MiB | Socket M
Socket P
BGA479 | 35 W |
| Merom | Mobile Core 2 Extreme | X7xxx | 2 | 4 MiB | Socket P | 44 W |
| Merom | Celeron M (Socket M) and Celeron (Socket P) | 5x0 | 1 | 1024 KiB | Socket M
Socket P | 30 W |
| Merom-L | | 5x0 | | | | 27 W |
| Merom-2M | | 5x5 | | 1024 KiB | Socket P | 31 W |
| Merom-L | | 5x3 | | 512-1024 KiB | BGA479 | 5.5-10 W |
| Merom-2M | Celeron Dual-Core | T1xxx | 2 | 512-1024 KiB | Socket P | 35 W |
| Merom-2M | Pentium Dual-Core | T2xxx
T3xxx | 2 | 1 MiB | Socket P | 35 W |

### Merom

**Merom**, the first mobile version of the Core 2, was officially released on July 27, 2006, but quietly began shipping to PC manufacturers in mid-July, alongside Conroe. Merom became Intel's premier line of mobile processors, with mostly the same features as Conroe, but with a greater emphasis on low power consumption to enhance notebook battery life. Merom-based Core 2 Duo provides a slight performance increase associated with 3D rendering and media-encoding tasks, yet maintains the same battery life as the Yonah-based Core Duo. Merom is the first Intel mobile processor to feature Intel 64 architecture.

The first version of Merom is "drop-in" compatible with Napa platform for Core Duo, requiring at most a motherboard BIOS update. It has a similar thermal envelope of 34 W and the same 667 MT/s FSB rate. The Merom die features 4 MB L2 cache, half of which is deactivated in the T5xx0 CPUs. A native 2 MB L2 version of the Merom core, called Merom-2M, was rolled out in early 2007 as a counterpart to *Allendale*. The Merom-2M core uses the steppings L2 and M0 and the ultra-low-voltage versions of the Core 2 Duo use this core.

A second wave of Merom processors featuring an 800 MT/s FSB and using the new Socket P was launched on May 9, 2007. These chips are part of Santa Rosa platform. Low voltage versions were also released on May 9, 2007.

*Merom* (מרום) is the Hebrew word for a higher plane of existence or a level of heaven; *BaMerom* (במרום) means "in the heavens". The name was chosen by the Intel team in Haifa, Israel, who designed this processor.

#### Merom XE

The Core 2 Extreme Mobile processor, based on the **Merom XE** core, is a mobile CPU designed for laptops. It was released in two models, the X7900 and the X7800. These feature an 800 MT/s FSB. The X7800, introduced on July 16, 2007, is clocked at 2.6 GHz and costs around $851 for OEMs. The processor features a 44 W TDP and requires the new Intel Centrino (Santa Rosa) platform. The X7900, introduced on August 22, 2007, is clocked at 2.8 GHz.

The X7900 processor was used in the top-end iMacs released on August 7, 2007.

### Merom-2M

The mobile version of the Allendale desktop processor is often called Merom-2M to identify the smaller L2 cache. Some T5xxx and T7xxx processors have come out with both Merom and Merom-2M dies, which can only be distinguished through their stepping number.

### Merom-L

The Merom-L processor is based on the same model as Conroe-L but is used in mobile Socket M and Socket P systems as Celeron 5xx and Core 2 Solo U2xxx, some of which also use regular Merom and Merom-2M chips with one core disabled in contrast to the real Merom-L that only has 1 MB L2 cache and a single core. The CPUID is family 6 model 23 (10661h), which is between Merom and Penryn.

The first Core 2 Solo processors were launched in Q3 2007 and consisted of the U2100 and U2200, which run at 1.06 and 1.2 GHz, respectively. They both feature a 533 MT/s FSB and are part of Intel's ULV family, running at only 5 W. Like the rest of the Core 2 family, they are 64-bit compatible. They were released with compatibility for the Napa platform rather than the newer Santa Rosa platform due to power consumption concerns.

## Fixes

Microsoft has released a microcode update (KB2493989) for Windows 7 that addresses several stability issues on selected "Penryn" and "Merom" CPUs.

1. "Intel's Core 2 Duo chips arrive early". *MacNN*. July 21, 2006. Archived from the original on November 7, 2006. Retrieved July 21, 2006.
2. "Intel second quarter 2006 earnings release; see page 3" (PDF). Intel. July 19, 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 22, 2006. Retrieved July 21, 2006.
3. Shimpi, Anand Lal (August 3, 2006). "Mobile CPU Wars: Core 2 Duo vs. Core Duo". *AnandTech*. Retrieved December 20, 2019.
4. Shimpi, Anand Lal (March 7, 2006). "Spring IDF 2006: Merom and Ultra Mobile PCs". *AnandTech*. Retrieved July 17, 2006.
5. Olsen, Sven (March 7, 2007). "Intel Forecasts "Santa Rosa" for May 2007". Computer Shopper. Retrieved March 7, 2007.
6. Kubicki, Kristopher (May 26, 2006). "Intel 2006 Mobile CPU Roadmap Update". *DailyTech*. Archived from the original on May 28, 2006. Retrieved December 20, 2019.
7. "Intel Takes Popular Laptops to 'Extreme' with First-Ever Extreme Edition Mobile Processor; Adds New Desktop Chip". Intel News Release. July 16, 2007. Archived from the original on December 23, 2007. Retrieved August 30, 2007.
8. "Intel Core 2 Solo ULV Processors Coming in Q3 2007". laptoping.com. December 21, 2006. Archived from the original on November 6, 2007. Retrieved November 4, 2007.
9. "Microcode update for Intel processors in Windows 7 or in Windows Server 2008 R2". Retrieved November 3, 2020.

## InfoBox

Merom
| Celeron M 530 - SLA2G - 1.73GHz, 1 MB L2 Cache, 533 MT/s FSB | |
| --- | --- |
| General information | |
| Launched | 2006 |
| Discontinued | 2009 |
| Marketed by | Intel |
| Designed by | Intel |
| Common manufacturer | * Intel |
| CPUID code | 06Fx (Merom-L: 1066x) |
| Product code | 80537 |
| Performance | |
| Max. CPU clock rate | 1.6 GHz to 2.6 GHz |
| FSB speeds | 533 MHz to 800 MHz |
| Cache | |
| L1 cache | 32 KB instruction, 32 KB data per core |
| L2 cache | Merom: 4 MB
Merom-2M: 2 MB
Merom-L: 1 MB |
| Architecture and classification | |
| Application | Mobile |
| Technology node | 65 nm |
| Microarchitecture | Core |
| Instruction set | x86\_64 (64-bit) |
| Physical specifications | |
| Cores | * 2 (Merom-L: 1) |
| Sockets |  |
| Products, models, variants | |
| Brand names | * Mobile Celeron 5xx * Mobile Celeron Dual-Core E1xxx * Mobile Pentium Dual-Core T2xxx * Mobile Pentium Dual-Core T3xxx * Core 2 Duo T5xxx * Core 2 Duo T7xxx * Core 2 Duo L7xxx * Core 2 Duo U7xxx * Core 2 Solo U2xxx |
| History | |
| Predecessor | Yonah |
| Successor | Penryn |
| Support status | |
| Unsupported | |


title: Parrotsville, Indiana

abstract: Parrotsville is a former settlement in Tipton County and Hamilton County in Indiana in the United States.

text:
# Parrotsville, Indiana

**Parrotsville** is a former settlement in Tipton County and Hamilton County in Indiana in the United States.

## History

Parrotsville was surveyed by Edward M. Sharp on September 29, 1853. It was platted a few days later on October 5. Parrotsville was about a 1/2 mile south of Jackson Station, Indiana. Benjaman F. Goar handled sales of the Parrotsville land.

40°19′31″N 86°03′34″W / 40.32528°N 86.05944°W / 40.32528; -86.05944

## InfoBox

| Parrotsville, Indiana | |
| --- | --- |
| Former settlement | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Indiana |


title: V. Walter Odajnyk

abstract: Volodymyr Walter Odajnyk, known professionally as V. Walter Odajnyk, was a Jungian analyst, author and university professor.

text:
# V. Walter Odajnyk

**Volodymyr Walter Odajnyk** (April 10, 1938 – May 22, 2013), known professionally as **V. Walter Odajnyk**, was a Jungian analyst, author and university professor.

## Life and career

### Early years

Volodymyr Walter Odajnyk was born in Ostrava, Czechoslovakia, of Ukrainian parents. Surviving the war, the peace became uneasy. Several months after the Communist *coup d'état* in 1948, they left Czechoslovakia with the aid of the U. S. Army. After a year in Austria, they arrived in the United States.

In 1961, at Hunter College in New York, he obtained his B.A., followed by an M.A. at the University of California, Berkeley in 1963. He specialized in political science and philosophy. In 1965 his thesis was published, *Marxism and Existentialism*. It discusses Jean-Paul Sartre and contains a chapter on his then-recent work, *Critique de la raison dialectique* (1960).

In 1970, Odajnyk obtained his Ph.D. in Political Science from Columbia University in New York. For five years he was first a lecturer, then an Assistant Professor of Political Science at Columbia. In 1972 he spoke at Harvard University on foreign policy, criticizing the Soviet policy on Ukraine.

### Work in psychology

His 1976 book *Jung and Politics* grew out of his March 1973 article in the *American Political Science Review*. A stance attributed to him, characterized as asserting that political theory is largely subsumed by psychological elements, was criticized. Marie-Louise von Franz wrote the book's foreward. Ojadnyk has chapters on the origin of culture, distortions due to psychic inflation, era of mass society, the individual, and role of the unconscious. Attention is given to the German case. In his comparative discussion of Jung and Freud (pp. 134-181), he mentions Reich, also Marcuse, Adorno, Fromm.

His Jungian analyst diploma in 1976 was from the C. G. Jung Institute, Zürich. He then practiced as an analyst in New York City. He served, at the C. G. Jung Institute of New York, on the faculty and as a board member. He co-edited *Quadrant: Journal of the C.G. Jung Foundation for Analytical Psychology*.

His 1993 book *Gathering the Light* explores Jungian understandings of meditation. It addressed Jung's uneasiness about a direct adoption by the west of eastern practices, without adequately contextualizing the approach. Separate chapters discuss the meditation experience, Zen practice, and compare them with Alchemy; also compared: western mysticism and Active Imagination. For the stages of Zazen, Odajnyk follows the well-known Ox and Herder illustrations. Appendices critique Ken Wilber on archetypes and Thomas Cleary on *The Secret of the Golden Flower*.

From 2002 to 2013 Dr. Odajnyk was a core faculty member of the Mythological Studies Program, at the Pacifica Graduate Institute in Santa Barbara, California. He became licensed as a research psychoanalyst by the Medical Board of California. He was also a supervising analyst associated with the C.G. Jung Study Center of Southern California.

In his 2012 book *Archetype and Character*, he presented several innovative understandings. He built on foundations begun by Jung in his *Psychological Types* (1921), and in his prior manuscript (1913-1917) published later as *The Red Book* (2009).

During his last years he was especially interested in Egyptian mythology. For example, in working to explicate the ancient lore of Isis and Osiris, he included an alchemical process for the creation of the diamond body, graced with immortality.

### Family, Memorial

He was survived by his wife Katherine Odesmith, and son Alex.

A memorial scholarship was established at Pacifica in his honor.

## Books, articles

* *Marxism and Existentialism* (Doubleday Anchor 1965)
* *Jung and Politics. The Political and Social Ideas of C.G. Jung* (New York University & Harper 1976, reprint iUniverse 2007)
* *Gathering the Light. A psychology of meditation* (Shambhala 1993, reprint Fisher King 2011)
* *Archetype and Character. Power, Eros, Spirit, and Matter. Personality Types* (Palgrave Macmillan 2012)

* "The political ideas of C. G. Jung", in *American Political Science Review*, v.67, n.1 (March 1973). Accessed 31-10-2020.
* "Gathering the Light. A Jungian exploration of the psychology of meditation", in *Quadrant*, v.21, n.1 (1988)
* "Meditation and Alchemy. Images of the Goal in East and West", in *Psychological Perspectives*, issue 22 (Spring 1990)
* "Zazen. A psychological exploration", in *Psychological Perspectives*, v.25 (Fall-Winter 1991)
* "Zen meditation as a way of individuation and healing", in *Psychological Perspectives*, v.37/1 (1998)
* "Archetypal interpretation of fairy tales: Bluebeard", in *Psychological Perspectives*, v.47/2 (2004)
* "*The Red Book* as the source of Jung's *Psychological Types*", in *Psychological Perspectives*, v.56/3 (2013), posthumous. Accessed 1-11-2020.


title: Heroes (confectionery)

abstract: Heroes is a brand of boxed/tinned confectionery of a miniature collection of chocolate bars currently manufactured by Cadbury. Introduced in September 1999, they were a response to rival Mars' Celebrations and contain miniature versions of various Cadbury chocolate bars. Heroes are most popular around holidays, such as Christmas, Halloween and Easter. Its name was changed to its current "Heroes" in 2002, after launching as "Cadbury's Miniature Heroes" in 1999.

text:
# Heroes (confectionery)

**Heroes** (previously **Cadbury's Miniature Heroes**, and known as **Favourites** in Australia and New Zealand) is a brand of boxed/tinned confectionery of a miniature collection of chocolate bars currently manufactured by Cadbury. Introduced in September 1999, they were a response to rival Mars' Celebrations and contain miniature versions of various Cadbury chocolate bars. Heroes are most popular around holidays, such as Christmas, Halloween and Easter.

Its name was changed to its current "Heroes" in 2002, after launching as "Cadbury's Miniature Heroes" in 1999.

## Contents

### United Kingdom, the Isle of Man and Ireland

#### Fallen Heroes

Source:

* Bournville (Added in 2008, removed in 2013)
* Dairy Milk Whole Nut (Dairy Milk with added hazelnut in the centre. Added in 2002, removed in 2008)
* Dream (Added in 2002, Removed in 2008)
* Fuse (Removed in 2004)
* Picnic (Removed in 2007)
* Time Out (Removed in 2007)
* Toblerone (Added for Christmas 2013, 2014 and 2015)
* Nuts About Caramel (Cadbury's Caramel with added hazelnut in the centre. Removed in early-2000's)

### Australia and New Zealand

## InfoBox

Heroes
| Product type | Confectionery |
| --- | --- |
| Introduced | September 1999 |
| Related brands | List of Cadbury products |
| Markets | United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand and Australia |


title: Yalkut haMachiri

abstract: Yalkut haMachiri is a work of midrash. Its author was Machir ben Abba Mari, but his country and the period in which he lived are not definitively known. Moritz Steinschneider says that Machir lived in Provence; but his date remains a subject of discussion among modern scholars. Strack & Stemberger (1991) say that the work was most probably composed in the late 13th or 14th century.

text:
# Yalkut haMachiri

**Yalkut haMachiri** (Hebrew: ילקוט המכירי) is a work of midrash. Its author was Machir ben Abba Mari, but his country and the period in which he lived are not definitively known. Moritz Steinschneider says that Machir lived in Provence; but his date remains a subject of discussion among modern scholars. Strack & Stemberger (1991) say that the work was most probably composed in the late 13th or 14th century.

## Contents

Yalkut haMachiri is similar in its contents to *Yalkut Shimoni*, with the difference that while the latter covers the whole Bible, haMachiri covers only the books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, the twelve Minor Prophets, Psalms, Proverbs, and Job.

In the introductions to these books Machir said he composed the work to gather the scattered aggadic teachings into one group.

### Sources

Machir used the following sources in his compilation: the two Talmuds, the Tosefta, the minor treatises, the Sifra, the Sifre, Pesikta Rabbati, Midrash Rabbah on the Pentateuch, Midrash Ḳohelet, Midrash Tehillim, Midrash Mishle, Midrash Iyyob, Midrash Tanhuma, a Midrash quoted as דשחנו"ע, Pirkei de-Rabbi Eliezer, Seder Olam Rabbah, and Haggadat Shir ha-Shirim, frequently quoting the last-named Midrash in the part on Book of Isaiah. Machir had another version of Deuteronomy Rabbah, of which only the part on the section "Devarim" exists now. It is difficult to ascertain whether Machir knew of Midrash Yelammedenu; he quotes only Midrash Tanhuma, but the passages which he cites are not found in the present text of that work, so that it is possible that he took these passages from the Yelammedenu.

Only the following parts of the *Yalḳuṭ ha-Makiri* are extant: Isaiah, published by I. Spira from a Leyden manuscript; Psalms, published by S. Buber (Berdychev, 1899) from two manuscripts (one, previously in the possession of Joseph b. Solomon of Vyazhin, was used by David Luria, and its introduction was published by M. Straschun in Fuenn's *Ḳiryah Ne'emanah,* p. 304; the other is MS. No. 167 in the Bodleian Library); the twelve Minor Prophets; Proverbs, extant in a manuscript which is in the possession of Grünhut, and which was seen by Azulai, published by Grünhut in Jerusalem in 5662 (= 1902).

## Significance

Moses Gaster attached great importance to Yalkut haMachiri, thinking that it was older than Yalkut Shimoni, the second part of which at least Gaster concluded was a bad adaptation from Yalkut haMachiri. Gaster's conclusions, however, were contested by A. Epstein, who declares that Yalkut haMachiri is both inferior to and later than "Yalkut Shimoni." Buber conclusively proved that the two works are independent of each other, that Machir lived later than the author of the "Yalkut Shimoni," and that he had not seen Yalkut Shimoni. Samuel Poznanski thinks that Machir lived in the fourteenth century.

* This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: M. Seligsohn (1901–1906). "MACHIR BEN ABBA MARI". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). *The Jewish Encyclopedia*. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
* The *JE* cites Poznanski, in R. E. J. xl. 282 et seq., and the sources mentioned above.
* Strack, H.L.; Stemberger, G. (1991), *Introduction to the Talmud and Midrash*, Edinburgh: T&T Clark, ISBN 978-0-8006-2524-5.


title: Paul Salmon

abstract: Paul Salmon is a former Australian rules footballer who played in the Australian Football League for Essendon and Hawthorn. Recruited from North Ringwood, Salmon had a prolific career, with many accolades such as being inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame, a two-time premiership player, seven-time leading goalkicker at Essendon, and the fourth-highest goalkicker for Essendon. At 206 cm, Salmon was, at the time, along with Carlton's Justin Madden, the tallest man to play in the AFL upon debut; however, this record would be broken several times. Also known as "Fish", Salmon was a well-known full-forward and ruckman in the Australian Football League over a long period of time.

text:
# Paul Salmon

**Paul Salmon** (born 20 January 1965) is a former Australian rules footballer who played in the Australian Football League for Essendon and Hawthorn. Recruited from North Ringwood, Salmon had a prolific career, with many accolades such as being inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame, a two-time premiership player, seven-time leading goalkicker at Essendon, and the fourth-highest goalkicker for Essendon.

At 206 cm (6 ft 9 in), Salmon was, at the time, along with Carlton's Justin Madden, the tallest man to play in the AFL upon debut; however, this record would be broken several times. Also known as "Fish", Salmon was a well-known full-forward and ruckman in the Australian Football League over a long period of time.

## Football career

### AFL

#### Essendon (1983–1995)

He made his debut in 1983 with Essendon; however, it was during the 1984 VFL season that he established himself as the league's leading full-forward, kicking 63 goals in 13 games. Essendon's leading ruckman at the time was the illustrious Simon Madden, which allowed Bombers coach Kevin Sheedy the luxury of playing the accurate kicking "Fish" up forward. His effectiveness in the position was due to his athleticism and ability to win one-on-one marking contests, using his superior height and mobility. At the time, Salmon was the VFL's equal-tallest player alongside Carlton's Justin Madden (coincidentally, Simon Madden's younger brother), and one of only a handful of VFL players who stood over 200 cm (6'7") tall at the time.

While leading the goalkicking with 63 goals in just 13 games, halfway through the 1984 season, a serious knee injury that required a full reconstruction left him sidelined for over a year; he then recovered to kick 6 goals and 4 behinds in the 1985 premiership side. From this point onward, the 20-year-old Salmon would rotate between full-forward and his favoured ruck position with Simon Madden. Salmon endured further minor complications with his knee injury and numerous soft tissue injuries over the next few years and was never allowed to settle in a specific on-field role; despite this, he played a vital role for the team, becoming vice-captain in 1992 and culminating in leading the Bombers' season goalkicking tally on seven occasions as well as playing in Essendon's 1993 premiership, where he kicked 5 goals to help Essendon to a 44-point win over Carlton in the Grand Final in front of 96,862 fans at the Melbourne Cricket Ground.

After serious injuries to his Achilles tendon and groin in 1993 and 1994, respectively, and with the knowledge that his playing time was running out, he decided his time as a Bomber was over at 31 years of age, so he requested a new home and was subsequently traded to Hawthorn, the club whom he supported as a child. He was selected in Kevin Sheedy's best team of his 27 years as coach and at number 26 in the 'Champions of Essendon', which was a list of the best of the past century who wore the red and black, missing the top-25 cutoff by a single position.

Salmon has been quoted saying that, while he has great respect for Sheedy, he felt at times he didn't get the best out of him, from perhaps lack of communication. However, he has also spoken in glowing terms about Sheedy being good for his career. In such situations such as in late 1985 when Salmon had recently come back from injury, and was out of form and playing in the reserves, Sheedy made a deal with him that, if he trained hard and if Essendon made the Grand Final, he would play him regardless of his form, a promise that was delivered by both parties.

#### Hawthorn (1996–2000)

At the conclusion of the 1995 season, Salmon moved to Hawthorn, where he played from 1996–2000, and revived his career by winning the Best and Fairest in 1996 and '97 as well as the Most Consistent Award in '98. He became vice-captain in '98 and also finished in the top ten in every best and fairest in each of his five years at the club. After 5 seasons and 100 games with the Hawks, he retired at the age of 35; and, after his retirement, he was named in Hawthorn's Team of the Century.

In 1997, Salmon achieved All-Australian selection, being named in the ruck.

In 1999, he won the Michael Tuck Medal for a best-on-ground performance in the winning Hawk's Night Grand Final.

#### Return to Essendon (2002)

Salmon retired from playing football at the end of the 2000 season. He made a comeback in 2002, after being drafted by Essendon at 37 years of age. He played 15 games in 2002 before permanently retiring from AFL football.

### State of Origin

Salmon had a prolific State of Origin career, kicking 45 goals in 14 games. He first played for Victoria in 1984, against South Australia, kicking 5 goals. Salmon next played at State of Origin level in 1986 against South Australia, kicking 4 goals. In the same year, he participated in a game against Western Australia that has been regarded as "one of the greatest games in the 150-year history of Australian Football", but didn't trouble the scoreboard.

In 1987, he performed well, kicking 5 goals and being named in the best players, against Western Australia in Perth. The following year Salmon performed in the State of Origin Carnival, winning the Tassie Medal, kicking 7 goals in the semi-final, and 1 goal in the final.

In 1990, he was picked against New South Wales, on a wet day at the SCG, scoring 1 goal, in an upset loss against favourites Victoria. In 1992, he kicked 5 goals against South Australia and was named in the best players.

In 1993, in the State of Origin Carnival, Salmon kicked 6 goals in the semi-final against the combined New South Wales–Australian Capital Territory side, but he didn't perform in the Grand Final, failing to score a goal. Salmon last played for Victoria in 1997, against South Australia. Being named in the Ruck for the first time, Salmon performed well, being named best on ground.

## Statistics

**Legend**
| G | Goals | K | Kicks | D | Disposals | T | Tackles |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| B | Behinds | H | Handballs | M | Marks | H/O | Hit-outs |

| Season | Team | No. | Games | Totals | | | | | | | | Averages (per game) | | | | | | | | Votes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | G | B | K | H | D | M | T | H/O | G | B | K | H | D | M | T | H/O | |
| 1983 | Essendon | 3 | 9 | 14 | 4 | 40 | 17 | 57 | 23 |  | 44 | 1.6 | 0.4 | 4.4 | 1.9 | 6.3 | 2.6 |  | 4.9 | 0 |
| 1984 | Essendon | 3 | 13 | 63 | 36 | 137 | 22 | 159 | 91 |  | 84 | 4.8 | 2.8 | 10.5 | 1.7 | 12.2 | 7.0 |  | 6.5 | 10 |
| 1985 | Essendon | 3 | 4 | 15 | 10 | 28 | 4 | 32 | 21 |  | 4 | 3.8 | 2.5 | 7.0 | 1.0 | 8.0 | 5.3 |  | 1.0 | 0 |
| 1986 | Essendon | 3 | 21 | 46 | 32 | 163 | 64 | 227 | 124 |  | 154 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 7.8 | 3.0 | 10.8 | 5.9 |  | 7.3 | 5 |
| 1987 | Essendon | 3 | 22 | 43 | 22 | 173 | 75 | 248 | 114 | 24 | 214 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 7.9 | 3.4 | 11.3 | 5.2 | 1.1 | 9.7 | 6 |
| 1988 | Essendon | 3 | 19 | 37 | 23 | 180 | 63 | 243 | 108 | 18 | 126 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 9.5 | 3.3 | 12.8 | 5.7 | 0.9 | 6.6 | 0 |
| 1989 | Essendon | 3 | 16 | 39 | 16 | 161 | 51 | 212 | 96 | 5 | 144 | 2.4 | 1.0 | 10.1 | 3.2 | 13.3 | 6.0 | 0.3 | 9.0 | 0 |
| 1990 | Essendon | 3 | 21 | 43 | 25 | 249 | 67 | 316 | 171 | 11 | 208 | 2.0 | 1.2 | 11.9 | 3.2 | 15.0 | 8.1 | 0.5 | 9.9 | 11 |
| 1991 | Essendon | 3 | 18 | 30 | 14 | 199 | 91 | 290 | 151 | 11 | 176 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 11.1 | 5.1 | 16.1 | 8.4 | 0.6 | 9.8 | 7 |
| 1992 | Essendon | 3 | 19 | 59 | 23 | 203 | 80 | 283 | 138 | 12 | 148 | 3.1 | 1.2 | 10.7 | 4.2 | 14.9 | 7.3 | 0.6 | 7.8 | 10 |
| 1993 | Essendon | 3 | 20 | 65 | 41 | 227 | 83 | 310 | 157 | 11 | 194 | 3.3 | 2.1 | 11.4 | 4.2 | 15.5 | 7.9 | 0.6 | 9.7 | 4 |
| 1994 | Essendon | 3 | 14 | 16 | 13 | 116 | 75 | 191 | 70 | 12 | 165 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 8.3 | 5.4 | 13.6 | 5.0 | 0.9 | 11.8 | 0 |
| 1995 | Essendon | 3 | 13 | 39 | 23 | 98 | 41 | 139 | 79 | 5 | 29 | 3.0 | 1.8 | 7.5 | 3.2 | 10.7 | 6.1 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 1 |
| 1996 | Hawthorn | 4 | 18 | 4 | 1 | 158 | 146 | 304 | 110 | 24 | 252 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 8.8 | 8.1 | 16.9 | 6.1 | 1.3 | 14.0 | 18 |
| 1997 | Hawthorn | 4 | 21 | 13 | 5 | 179 | 162 | 341 | 128 | 29 | 352 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 8.5 | 7.7 | 16.2 | 6.1 | 1.4 | 16.8 | 13 |
| 1998 | Hawthorn | 4 | 20 | 7 | 3 | 176 | 155 | 331 | 110 | 26 | 549 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 8.8 | 7.8 | 16.6 | 5.5 | 1.3 | 27.5 | 14 |
| 1999 | Hawthorn | 4 | 17 | 9 | 5 | 150 | 88 | 238 | 84 | 8 | 380 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 8.8 | 5.2 | 14.0 | 4.9 | 0.5 | 22.4 | 6 |
| 2000 | Hawthorn | 4 | 24 | 8 | 4 | 198 | 101 | 299 | 135 | 14 | 443 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 8.3 | 4.2 | 12.5 | 5.6 | 0.6 | 18.5 | 4 |
| 2002 | Essendon | 4 | 15 | 11 | 3 | 71 | 60 | 131 | 56 | 14 | 231 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 4.7 | 4.0 | 8.7 | 3.7 | 0.9 | 15.4 | 0 |
| Career | | | 324 | 561 | 303 | 2906 | 1445 | 4351 | 1966 | 224 | 3897 | 1.7 | 0.9 | 9.0 | 4.5 | 13.4 | 6.1 | 0.8 | 12.0 | 109 |

## Career after football

Salmon has also worked in the media co-hosting *Sportsworld* for the Seven Network and *Time Out for Serious Fun* for the Nine Network, and he has released several books. He released an autobiography called *The Big Fish: Paul Salmon's Own Story* in 2001; *Fish Tales*, a book recalling humorous on- and off-field incidents, in 2002; and he followed up in 2003 with another book, called *More Fish Tales: Favourite Yarns From A Footballing Life*.

He also worked as a coach of the First XVIII Football team at Carey Baptist Grammar School; he retired from that position in 2008 to spend more time with his family and concentrate on business interests.

In August 2022, Salmon defeated former Essendon teammate Jason Johnson on the "Lou's Handball" segment of *The Sunday Footy Show* with a score of 76–74.

## InfoBox

| Paul Salmon | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Paul Salmon | | |
| Date of birth | (1965-01-20) 20 January 1965 | | |
| Original team(s) | North Ringwood | | |
| Height | 206 cm (6 ft 9 in) | | |
| Weight | 112 kg (247 lb) | | |
| Position(s) | Full Forward, Ruckman | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 19831995 | Essendon | 209 (509) |
| 19962000 | Hawthorn | 100 (41) |
| 2002 | Essendon | 15 (11) |
| Total |  | **324 (561)** |
| Representative team honours | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 19841997 | Victoria | 14 (45) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 2002. | | | |
| Career highlights | | | |
| **Club**
**Representative**
**Overall**
 | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Nolinor Aviation

abstract: Les Investissements Nolinor Inc., trading as Nolinor Aviation, is a charter airline based in Mirabel, a suburb of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It operates passenger charter and cargo services within Canada and to the United States. Its main base is Montréal–Mirabel International Airport. It has 200 employees.

text:
# Nolinor Aviation

**Les Investissements Nolinor Inc.**, trading as **Nolinor Aviation**, is a charter airline based in Mirabel, a suburb of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It operates passenger charter and cargo services within Canada and to the United States. Its main base is Montréal–Mirabel International Airport. It has 200 employees.

## History

The airline was established in 1992 and started operations in 1997. Since June 1999 it has also been authorized to provide its own aircraft maintenance.

In 2001, the company bought its first fully cargo Convair 580 and started providing cargo service to the United States and the northern region of Canada. In order to respond to the growing cargo market, Nolinor Aviation bought two more full cargo Convair 580s in 2004. In 2006, the fourth passenger Convair 580 was purchased.

In 2004, the Prud'Homme family trust became the majority stockholder. Expanding very rapidly, Nolinor needed more space for its Convair 580 fleet and in 2005 the company moved its maintenance facilities to Mirabel International Airport. The new hangar provides more than 9,300 m2 (100,000 sq ft) and is able to accommodate aircraft like the Boeing 747-200, 777-300, 767, Airbus A310, and A320. The pavement has more than 28,000 m2 (300,000 sq ft). and provides sufficient parking space for all the Nolinor Convair 580s and other maintenance clients.

In 2006, the company was named one of the best enterprises in the province of Quebec by the National Bank of Canada. Nolinor is taking its share of the market outside the Quebec region.

In 2007, Nolinor Aviation acquired two ex-Royal Air Maroc Boeing 737-200 combis (freight/passenger).

In 2011, Nolinor acquired another 737-200 full freighter, for its cargo operations.

In 2013, Nolinor began charter service from the Region of Waterloo International Airport to Mary River Aerodrome via Iqaluit Airport using a Boeing 737-200 with three times weekly service and a fourth flight every other week. This service has since ended.

In 2014, Nolinor added a Learjet 31 corporate jet to its fleet.

In 2016, Nolinor Aviation added a 737-300 to its fleet.

In September 2017, Nolinor participated in the rescue of stranded passengers from Air France Flight 066 which made an emergency landing at Goose Bay Airport in Goose Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, after experiencing an engine loss over the Atlantic Ocean. Passengers were ferried to their original destination at Los Angeles International Airport, with a stop at Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport.

In 2020, the Montreal Alouettes and Nolinor Aviation planned to team up for the next ten years, as Nolinor remained the club's official charter flight partner. This new deal went even further than the previous one, as a Boeing 737 plane was personalized with the team's logo and colours.

Nolinor also launched OWG, a new airline, to offer a unique travel experience to tropical destinations.

## Operations

Nolinor's primary bases of operations include:

## Livery

In 2003, the Netherlands-based airline branding firm Lila Design re-designed Nolinor's logo and aircraft paint design into a stylized white, blue and gold image.

## Fleet

The Nolinor Aviation fleet includes the following aircraft (as of August 10, 2024)

Nolinor fleet
| Aircraft | TC number | NRL number | Variants | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Aerospatiale AS350 | 1 | - | AS350 B2 | Helicopter, not listed at Nolinor web site |
| Boeing 737 | 9 | 9 | 737-200 | All planes combi aircraft, 119 seats maximum, outfitted with gravel kits. Capable of carrying more than 30,000 lb (14,000 kg) of cargo. Aircraft C-GNLK has the distinction of being the oldest 737 and oldest jet airliner in commercial passenger operation today, having operated since delivery in 1974 (50 years). |
| Boeing 737 Classic | 4 | 2 | 1 - 737-300,
3 - 737-400 | The 300 can be configured for up to 130 seats. The 400 can be configured for 159 passengers maximum. Two 737-400s have been delivered in 2020, one is ex-Xtra Airways and the other is ex-AlbaStar. Whole fleet painted in OWG livery, which is Nolinor's leisure travel wing. According to TC there are three 400 series and according to Nolinor there is one. |
| Boeing 737 Next Generation | 1 | 1 | 737-800 | Delivered October 2020. Painted in OWG livery. Configured for 189 passengers. |
| Cessna 172 | 2 | - | 172L | Training plane, not listed at Nolinor web site |
| Convair CV-340 | 1 | - | CV-340 | Not listed at Nolinor web site |
| Learjet 45 | 2 | - | Lear 45 | Nine passenger corporate jet for executive transport. Not listed at Nolinor web site |
| Total | 20 | 12 |  |

## InfoBox

Nolinor Aviation
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| A Boeing 737-200 in Montreal | |
| IATA ICAO Call sign  N5 NRL NOLINOR | |
| Founded | 1992 (1992) |
| Commenced operations | 1997 (1997) |
| AOC # | Canada: 10705
United States: NL1F800F |
| Operating bases | Montréal–Mirabel International Airport |
| Fleet size | 20 (TC), 12 (NRL) |
| Headquarters | Mirabel, Quebec, Canada |
| Website | www.nolinor.com/en |


title: Pyrenula abditicarpa

abstract: Pyrenula abditicarpa is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Pyrenulaceae. Found in Brazil, it is characterised by ascomata that are deeply immersed in the bark beneath the thallus, with distoseptate muriform ascospores measuring 50–55 μm by 23–25 μm. The species was first identified from a specimen collected in the Serra de Itabaiana National Park, Sergipe, Brazil, at an elevation of approximately 250 m (820 ft). The thallus of Pyrenula abditicarpa is thin, corticate, olive brown, and smooth, closely adhering to the rough bark of trees. It lacks pseudocyphellae and a prothallus. The ascomata are pyriform, measuring 0.6–0.8 mm in diameter and 1–2 mm deep, with a carbonised wall and a pale brown, depressed ostiole. The hamathecium is not inspersed with oil droplets. The ascospores are irregularly biseriate, brown, and both distoseptate and muriform, with rounded lumina. No pycnidia have been observed. Chemically, the thallus does not react to ultraviolet light, and no lichen products were detected using thin-layer chromatography. Pyrenula abditicarpa is found on smooth bark in undisturbed Atlantic rainforests and is only known from Brazil. This species is notable for its deeply immersed ascomata and mid-sized muriform ascospores, which distinguish it from others within the genus Pyrenula.

text:
# Pyrenula abditicarpa

***Pyrenula abditicarpa*** is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Pyrenulaceae. Found in Brazil, it is characterised by ascomata that are deeply immersed in the bark beneath the thallus, with distoseptate muriform ascospores measuring 50–55 μm by 23–25 μm. The species was first identified from a specimen collected in the Serra de Itabaiana National Park, Sergipe, Brazil, at an elevation of approximately 250 m (820 ft).

The thallus of *Pyrenula abditicarpa* is thin, corticate, olive brown, and smooth, closely adhering to the rough bark of trees. It lacks pseudocyphellae and a prothallus. The ascomata are pyriform, measuring 0.6–0.8 mm in diameter and 1–2 mm deep, with a carbonised wall and a pale brown, depressed ostiole. The hamathecium is not inspersed with oil droplets. The ascospores are irregularly biseriate, brown, and both distoseptate and muriform, with rounded lumina. No pycnidia have been observed. Chemically, the thallus does not react to ultraviolet light, and no lichen products were detected using thin-layer chromatography.

*Pyrenula abditicarpa* is found on smooth bark in undisturbed Atlantic rainforests and is only known from Brazil. This species is notable for its deeply immersed ascomata and mid-sized muriform ascospores, which distinguish it from others within the genus *Pyrenula*.

## InfoBox

| *Pyrenula abditicarpa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Eurotiomycetes |
| Order: | Pyrenulales |
| Family: | Pyrenulaceae |
| Genus: | *Pyrenula* |
| Species: | ***P. abditicarpa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pyrenula abditicarpa***<br>Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2014) | |
|
|  | |
| Holotype: Serra de Itabaiana National Park, Brazil | |


title: Pythium emineosum

abstract: Pythium emineosum is a plant pathogen, first isolated in Canada.

text:
# Pythium emineosum

***Pythium emineosum*** is a plant pathogen, first isolated in Canada.

1. Bala, K.; Robideau, G.P.; Désaulniers, N.; de Cock, A.W.A.M.; Lévesque, C.A. (2010). "Taxonomy, DNA barcoding and phylogeny of three new species of *Pythium* from Canada". *Persoonia*. **25** (1): 22–31. doi:10.3767/003158510X524754. ISSN 0031-5850. PMC 3028511. PMID 21339964.

## Further reading

* Long, Yan-Yan, et al. "Two new species, *Pythium agreste* and *P. wuhanense*, based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequence data." Mycological progress 13.1 (2014): 145–155.

## InfoBox

| *Pythium emineosum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| *Clade*: | Diaphoretickes |
| *Clade*: | SAR |
| *Clade*: | Stramenopiles |
| Phylum: | Oomycota |
| Order: | Peronosporales |
| Family: | Pythiaceae |
| Genus: | *Pythium* |
| Species: | ***P. emineosum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pythium emineosum***<br>Bala et al., 2010 | |
|


title: Qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant ?

abstract: "Qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant ?" is a 1990 song recorded by Belgian hip hop act Benny B, with DJ Daddy K also credited on the single's cover. Released in November 1990, it was the second single from Benny B's first album, L'Album. It became a hit in France and Belgium (Wallonia), becoming a top two hit in both countries.

text:
# Qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant ?

"**Qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant ?**" is a 1990 song recorded by Belgian hip hop act Benny B, with DJ Daddy K also credited on the single's cover. Released in November 1990, it was the second single from Benny B's first album, *L'Album*. It became a hit in France and Belgium (Wallonia), becoming a top two hit in both countries.

## Background and writing

"Qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant ?" was written and the music composed by Vito Lucente, Alain Deproost, Amid Gharbaoui and R. Quyssens. It uses samples of Tarzan's cry as leitmotive in the refrain, the same as that in Coldcut's "Stop This Crazy Thing".

## Chart performances

In France, "Qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant ?" debuted at number 28 on the chart edition of 8 December 1990, reached the top ten five weeks later and peaked at number two for a sole week in its eighth week. It remained for 18 consecutive weeks in the top ten, then dropped quickly, and totalled 27 weeks in top 50. It achievied Gold disc, awarded by the Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique for 500,000 units. It was also successful in Belgium (Wallonia), reaching number two for non consecutive three weeks, on 15, 22 December 1990 and 23 February 1991, and stayed for a total of 14 weeks in the top ten. In Flanders, it charted for 11 weeks, with a peak at number 32.

On the European Hot 100 Singles, "Qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant ?" entered the chart at number 85 on 8 December 1990, reached a peak of number ten in its ninth and its eleventh weeks, and fell off the chart straight from number 45 after 25 weeks of presence. It ranked at number 40 on the year-end chart.

## Track listings

## Personnel

* Artwork – dIP Design
* Featuring – DJ Daddy K
* Photography – Stephan Streker

## Charts and sales

## Release history

| Country | Date | Format | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| France | 1990 | CD maxi | On the Beach |
| | | 7" single | |
| | | 12" maxi | |
| | 1991 | CD maxi - remixes | |
| | 12" maxi - remixes ||
| Belgium | 1990 | 7" single | Private Life |
| | | 12" maxi | |
| Netherlands | | 7"single | Columbia |
|

1. Habib, Elia (2002). *Muz hit.tubes* (in French). Alinéa Bis. p. 200. ISBN 2-9518832-0-X.
2. "Benny B feat. DJ Daddy K – Qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant?" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
3. "InfoDisc : Les Certifications Officielles d'un Artiste (Depuis 1973)". *infodisc.fr* (in French). Retrieved 2 September 2021.. *Select "Benny B & DJ Daddy K" from the drop-down menu and click "OK"*.
4. "Top 10 Singles in Europe" (PDF). *Music & Media*. Vol. 7, no. 50. 15 December 1990. p. VII. OCLC 29800226. Retrieved 10 September 2021  via World Radio History.
5. "Benny B feat. DJ Daddy K – Qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant?" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
6. "Eurochart Hot 100 Singles" (PDF). *Music & Media*. Vol. 8, no. 6. 9 February 1991. p. 23. OCLC 29800226. Retrieved 10 September 2021  via World Radio History.
7. "Eurochart Hot 100 of 1991" (PDF). *Music & Media*. Vol. 8, no. 51–52. 21 December 1991. p. 21. OCLC 29800226. Retrieved 10 September 2021  via American Radio History.
8. "Qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant ?" at Discogs, 7" single Belgium (Benny B feat. Daddy K – "Qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant ?") (accessdate: 10 September 2021).
9. "Qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant ?" at Discogs, 7" single France (Benny B feat. Daddy K – "Qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant ?") (accessdate: 10 September 2021).
10. "Qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant ?" at Discogs, 7" single Netherlands (Benny B feat. Daddy K – "Qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant ?") (accessdate: 10 September 2021).
11. "Qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant ?" at Discogs, 12" maxi France (Benny B feat. Daddy K – "Qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant ?") (accessdate: 10 September 2021).
12. "Qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant ?" at Discogs, 12" maxi Belgium (Benny B feat. Daddy K – "Qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant ?") (accessdate: 10 September 2021).
13. "Qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant ?" at Discogs, CD maxi France (Benny B feat. Daddy K – "Qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant ?") (accessdate: 10 September 2021).
14. "Qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant ?" at Discogs, 12" maxi remixes France (Benny B feat. Daddy K – "Qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant ?") (accessdate: 10 September 2021).
15. "Qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant ?" at Discogs, CD maxi remixes France (Benny B feat. Daddy K – "Qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant ?") (accessdate: 10 September 2021).

## InfoBox

| "Qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant ?" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Benny B feat. DJ Daddy K | |
| from the album  *L'Album* | |
| B-side | "Hip hop version" |
| Released | November 1990 |
| Recorded | 1990 |
| Genre | Hip hop, Electronic |
| Length | 4:01 |
| Label | Private Life, On the Beach |
| Songwriter(s) | Vito Lucente,
Alain Deproost,
Amid Gharbaoui,
Richard Quyssens |
| Benny B feat. DJ Daddy K singles chronology | |
| "Vous êtes fous !"
(1990) "**Qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant ?**"
(1990) "Dis-moi bébé"
(1991) | |


title: Quarter panel

abstract: A quarter panel is the body panel of an automobile between a rear door and the trunk (boot) and typically wraps around the wheel well. The similar front section between the door and the hood (bonnet) is called a fender, and may sometimes also be referred to as a quarter panel. Quarter panels are typically made of sheet metal, but are sometimes made of fiberglass, carbon fiber, or fiber-reinforced plastic. A quarter panel is typically a welded-on component of the unibody structure. Replacement of a sheet metal quarter panel typically requires it to be cut off the vehicle and a replacement part to be welded to the vehicle. Due to the high amount of specialized labor, a quarter panel may often be repaired rather than replaced by hammering the damaged area to a relatively flat surface, and then applying a body filler to smooth out the damaged area to match the original surface. The panel is then usually painted and often clear coated.

text:
# Quarter panel

A **quarter panel** (British English: **rear wing**) is the body panel (exterior surface) of an automobile between a rear door (or only door on each side for two-door models) and the trunk (boot) and typically wraps around the wheel well. The similar front section between the door and the hood (bonnet) is called a fender (front wing), and may sometimes also be referred to as a quarter panel. Quarter panels are typically made of sheet metal, but are sometimes made of fiberglass, carbon fiber, or fiber-reinforced plastic.

A quarter panel is typically a welded-on component of the unibody structure. Replacement of a sheet metal quarter panel typically requires it to be cut off the vehicle and a replacement part to be welded (or sometimes bonded) to the vehicle. Due to the high amount of specialized labor, a quarter panel may often be repaired rather than replaced by hammering the damaged area to a relatively flat surface, and then applying a body filler to smooth out the damaged area to match the original surface. The panel is then usually painted and often clear coated.


title: Queen Alexandra Home

abstract: Queen Alexandra Home is a heritage-listed villa at 347 Old Cleveland Road, Coorparoo, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1886 to 1963. It is also known as Alexandra House, College of Tourism & Hospitality, Hatherton, and Queen Alexandra Home for Children. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

text:
# Queen Alexandra Home

**Queen Alexandra Home** is a heritage-listed villa at 347 Old Cleveland Road, Coorparoo, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1886 to 1963. It is also known as Alexandra House, College of Tourism & Hospitality, Hatherton, and Queen Alexandra Home for Children. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

## History

Hatherton, a two-storeyed brick residence was erected in 1886 near the intersection of Old Cleveland Road and Cavendish Road in Coorparoo. A wing, named Kingsbury, was added in 1919.

The design of Hatherton is attributed to the firm of John Hall and Son, and the contractor was Abraham James. Hatherton was built for Brisbane businessman Reuben Nicklin, manager of the Brisbane Office of Butler Brothers, Saddlers and Ironmongers. Prior to moving to Hatherton, Nicklin and his family lived at Langlands, also at Coorparoo, which had been built for Nicklin in the early 1880s. By the late 1880s, Coorparoo was still principally a rural area, despite several estates having been subdivided and the suburb being connected to South Brisbane by rail. The population of Coorparoo was small, and dispersed around the Old Cleveland and Cavendish Roads intersection.

Nicklin and his wife Jane Lahey drowned in February 1890, when the RMS Quetta sank in Torres Strait, en route to England. Their daughter Alice, was one of only two European women to survive the shipwreck.

Hatherton was occupied by various people including members of the Nicklin and Lahey families as well as the Hon Arthur John Carter, Member of the Queensland Legislative Council, until 1911 when the building was acquired by the Methodist Church. The church had established its first children's home, named the Queen Alexandra Home for Children, the previous year at Robgill, in Indooroopilly, donated by May Jordan McConnel.

The home was managed and controlled by the Queen Alexandra Ladies' Committee. By 1911 the Home required additional room, and in December that year the staff and children were transferred from Indooroopilly to Hatherton. Hatherton was officially opened as the Queen Alexandra Home for Children in March 1912. The Nicklin family maintained their involvement with the place, as William Lahey Nicklin (son of Reuben Nicklin) was one of the trustees of the property for the Methodist Church.

By 1918 the Home was filled to capacity, and in 1919 tenders were called by architect HGO Thomas for brick additions to Queen Alexandra Home. The foundation stone of the additions was laid in October that year, and the contractor was Mr Hobbs. The new wing was named Kingsbury in memory of Mrs JJ Kingsbury, first president of the Home. Subsequent additions during the 1920s increased the capacity of the Home from fifty to 100 children. During the mid-1940s, day pupils from Somerville House were taught at the Home.

In 1958, the Methodist Church changed its policy on child care from institutional homes to group family homes, and the last children were transferred from the Home in 1960. The building was purchased by the Queensland Government and used by the Education Department for domestic science education. During this period, the building was known as Alexandra House.

In 1963, an annexe was constructed at the rear of the House, and from 1967 further facilities were added to the site. In 1977 the building became the College of Catering and Hospitality Services, Coorparoo, being renamed the College of Tourism and Hospitality (COTAH), in 1984.

Queen Alexandra Home was extensively refurbished for use as a community centre in 1986–87, and most of the additions and partitions in the Kingsbury wing were removed at this time.

## Description

Queen Alexandra Home, located on the crest of a rise fronting Old Cleveland Road to the northwest, is a two-storeyed rendered masonry building consisting of an 1886 section named Hatherton with a 1919 wing to the southwest called Kingsbury.

The building has a hipped corrugated iron roof to Hatherton and a gambrel roof to Kingsbury. It has verandahs to three sides and service buildings attached to the rear. The verandahs have cast iron balustrade, valance, brackets and paired columns. The northeast and southwest verandahs have been enclosed with multi-paned windows and hardboard panelling.

Hatherton is frontally symmetrical, with a slightly projecting gabled porch accessed by a short flight of steps with an arched valance above. The gable has a fretwork panel, decorative bargeboard and finial, and the main entry consists of an arched fanlight and sidelight assembly of etched glass with carved timber mouldings and panelled timber door. Step out sashes, with incised architraves, open to the verandahs on both levels. The rear of the building has a two-storeyed kitchen wing with a sub-floor room and covered walkways accessing adjacent structures.

Internally, Hatherton has a central corridor with a tiled foyer leading through an archway with plaster mouldings to a timber staircase. This has a cast iron balustrade, carved timber newel post, timber panelling and an arched leadlight sash window at the landing level. This space is decorated with a stencil dado, and has timber architraves, skirtings and panelled doors with glass fanlights. The ground floor has two rooms to the northeast, with the northern room having a white marble fireplace surround with painted tile inserts and the other having a darker marble surround with black stone in relief and painted tiles. The southwest side consists of one large room with a red and green marble fireplace surround, with painted tile inserts, at the southern end. The first floor consists of four rooms, with only the northern room containing a marble fireplace surround, but this has been damaged with the mantlepiece missing. A bar has been inserted on the southwest side and a dumb waiter at the rear connecting the kitchen below. Apart from the foyer, kitchen and bar, Hatherton is carpeted throughout.

Kingsbury, containing a large function room with two central timber columns to both floors, has French doors and step out sash windows, with incised architraves, opening to verandahs. Casement windows open to the rear, the ground floor is timber and the first floor is carpeted.

Attached to the southern corner is a single-storeyed weatherboard building with a corrugated iron gable roof and concrete stumps. This has been fitted out as toilet facilities.

To the south of the kitchen wing is a two-storeyed classroom structure with a corrugated fibrous cement gable roof. The ground floor is brick and the first floor is weatherboard, and it is linked to the rear of Hatherton by a covered timber walkway.

Queen Alexandra Home has a concrete driveway to the northwest with memorial metal gates fronting Old Cleveland Road. A masonry retaining wall fence encloses an area of lawn with rose beds and a central flag pole. The L-shaped College of Tourism and Hospitality surrounds the building from the northeast to the south, with small areas of garden on the northeast and car parking to the south. A driveway is located on the southwest boundary.

## Heritage listing

Queen Alexandra Home was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.

**The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.**

The location of Queen Alexandra Home on Old Cleveland Road demonstrates the development of Coorparoo as a residential area from the 1880s.

**The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.**

Queen Alexandra Home, comprising a substantial 1880s masonry residence, has strong aesthetic qualities including the use of highly decorative cast iron.

**The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.**

The building maintains a special association with the community and with the work of the Methodist Church, through its use as a children's home, college of further education and community centre.

**The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history.**

The building maintains a special association with the community and with the work of the Methodist Church, through its use as a children's home, college of further education and community centre. The building is also associated with the Nicklin family, being erected for Reuben Nicklin.

### Attribution

This Wikipedia article was originally based on *"The Queensland heritage register"* published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 7 July 2014, archived on 8 October 2014). The geo-coordinates were originally computed from the *"Queensland heritage register boundaries"* published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 5 September 2014, archived on 15 October 2014).

## InfoBox

| Queen Alexandra Home | |
| --- | --- |
| Building in May 2016 | |
| Location | 347 Old Cleveland Road, Coorparoo, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia |
| Coordinates | 27°29′38″S 153°03′40″E / 27.4939°S 153.061°E / -27.4939; 153.061 |
| Design period | 1870s–1890s (late 19th century) |
| Built | 1886–1963 |
|  | |
| Queensland Heritage Register | |
| Official name | Queen Alexandra Home, Alexandra House – College of Catering and Hospitality Services, Alexandra House – College of Tourism and Hospitality, Hatherton/Queen Alexandra Home for Children |
| Type | state heritage (landscape, built) |
| Designated | 21 October 1992 |
| Reference no. | 600185 |
| Significant period | 1880s, 1910s, 1920s circa (fabric)
1886–1960 (historical)
1911–1960 (social) |
| Significant components | residential accommodation – main house, wall/s – retaining, classroom/classroom block/teaching area, flagpole/flagstaff, driveway, memorial – gate/s, garden/grounds, service wing, basement / sub-floor, dormitory |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Queen Alexandra Home in QueenslandQueen Alexandra Home (Australia) | |


title: Quantos Possunt ad Satanitatem Trahunt

abstract: Quantos Possunt ad Satanitatem Trahunt is the eighth studio album by Norwegian black metal band Gorgoroth. It was released on 21 October 2009 by Regain Records. This album marked the return of Pest on vocals, as well as the debut of Tomas Asklund on drums and Bøddel on bass. Infernus, the founding member and guitarist of Gorgoroth, began work on this album in October 2006, and was first reported to be writing it when he was released on parole from prison in March 2007. However, the latter stages of the songwriting and much of the recording process were overshadowed by the Gorgoroth name dispute which began in October 2007. Within two weeks of the beginning of the dispute, the album title was revealed to the public. In the album's liner notes, Infernus thanks several people associated with the black metal community, including then-band members Asklund, Bøddel, Tormentor and Pest; former Gorgoroth members Goat, Hat, T-Reaper, Storm, Ares, Vrolok, Sjt. Erichsen, Apollyon, Skagg and Dirge Rep; Fenriz of Darkthrone, Attila Csihar of Mayhem, photographer Peter Beste, Tore Bratseth of Old Funeral, editor and journalist Metalion, Vrangsinn of Carpathian Forest, producer Pytten, directors Aaron Aites and Audrey Ewell, Hoest of Taake and Thurzur of Deathcult. Infernus cited the ecclesiastical writer Adam of Bremen as the inspiration for the album's title, parodying his maxim Quantos Possunt ad Christianitatem Trahunt.

text:
# Quantos Possunt ad Satanitatem Trahunt

***Quantos Possunt ad Satanitatem Trahunt*** (Latin for "They draw as many as they can toward Satanism") is the eighth studio album by Norwegian black metal band Gorgoroth. It was released on 21 October 2009 by Regain Records. This album marked the return of Pest on vocals, as well as the debut of Tomas Asklund (ex-Infernal/Dissection/Dark Funeral) on drums and Bøddel (the pseudonym of Frank Watkins of Obituary) on bass.

Infernus, the founding member and guitarist of Gorgoroth, began work on this album in October 2006, and was first reported to be writing it when he was released on parole from prison in March 2007. However, the latter stages of the songwriting and much of the recording process were overshadowed by the Gorgoroth name dispute which began in October 2007. Within two weeks of the beginning of the dispute, the album title was revealed to the public.

In the album's liner notes, Infernus thanks several people associated with the black metal community, including then-band members Asklund, Bøddel, Tormentor and Pest; former Gorgoroth members Goat, Hat, T-Reaper, Storm, Ares, Vrolok, Sjt. Erichsen, Apollyon, Skagg and Dirge Rep; Fenriz of Darkthrone, Attila Csihar of Mayhem, photographer Peter Beste, Tore Bratseth of Old Funeral, editor and journalist Metalion, Vrangsinn of Carpathian Forest, producer Pytten, directors Aaron Aites and Audrey Ewell, Hoest of Taake and Thurzur of Deathcult.

Infernus cited the ecclesiastical writer Adam of Bremen as the inspiration for the album's title, parodying his maxim *Quantos Possunt ad Christianitatem Trahunt*.

## History

Infernus began work on the album in October 2006, as he was about to serve a prison sentence for "gross negligent rape". He continued writing songs while he served his sentence, citing the "lack of outside distractions" as a factor. Shortly after he was granted parole in March 2007, the official Gorgoroth website (then situated at gorgoroth.org) announced that Infernus was "working on new material, both music and lyrics for an upcoming album, title yet undecided".

In October 2007, then-members Gaahl and King ov Hell attempted to remove Infernus from the band, igniting the Gorgoroth name dispute. On 31 October 2007, Infernus revealed the title to be *Quantos Possunt ad Satanitatem Trahunt*. Infernus said that "between 50 and 70% of the music" had "already been written (some of it even pre-recorded)" as well as "two or three lyrics". He stated that it would be released on Regain Records, which was reinforced by the decision of the record label in December 2007 to side with Infernus during the ongoing Gorgoroth name dispute. In December 2007, Bøddel and Asklund were revealed as new members of Gorgoroth on bass and drums respectively, and it was announced that former Gorgoroth guitarist Tormentor was assisting Infernus in arranging and producing the album.

## Recording

In April 2008, Infernus announced he was departing for Stockholm, Sweden, where the next few months were spent rehearsing the material for *Quantos Possunt Ad Satanitatem Trahunt* in Asklund's Monolith Studio. In August 2008, it was announced that a pre-recording for the album had been made with guitars, bass and drums. After having spent the previous few months rehearsing in Monolith Studio, Infernus said that he was working on arrangements with assistance from Tormentor.

On 4 December 2008, Gorgoroth's official website announced that former Gorgoroth vocalist Pest had returned, thus completing the band's lineup, both to record the new album and to play future live performances.

The Gorgoroth name dispute concluded in March 2009, when Oslo District Court recognised Infernus as the legitimate owner of the band name. Shortly thereafter, recording for *Quantos Possunt Ad Satanitatem Trahunt* began with Asklund recording drum tracks at Monolith. During this period, Infernus also recorded the guitars, "manually recording six basic guitars".

Although it was announced in August 2008 that the guitar and bass would be recorded in the Laboratório 6 studio in Pindamonhangaba, Brazil, with engineering help from Fabio Zperandio of Ophiolatry, once the trial over the Gorgoroth name dispute was scheduled for the end of January 2009, those plans were abandoned and instead the band decided to continue recording at Monolith. Since Infernus wrote all the music for the album, and extensive rehearsals and a preproduction recording had been completed before second guitarist Tormentor rejoined the band the previous year, it was also decided that it would be more convenient for Infernus to record all the guitars on the album.

Bøddel and Pest recorded bass and vocals respectively in June 2009, and the mixing process was finished by 26 June. On 5 July 2009, it was announced that *Quantos Possunt Ad Satanitatem Trahunt* was to be mastered at the Cutting Room in Stockholm later that month, and the album was scheduled to be released on 21 October in Europe and 11 November in the US. A tentative track listing was also revealed. Production was credited to Infernus and Asklund.

## Release and reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| About.com |  |
| Allmusic |  |
| Kerrang! |  |
| Metal Hammer |  |
| PopMatters |  |
| Rock Hard |  |
| Terrorizer |  |

The first press listening of *Quantos Possunt Ad Satanitatem Trahunt* was held in Berlin on 18 July 2009, with Infernus and Asklund present. In August, the finalized track listing for the album was released, as well as the cover artwork and a sample from the song "Prayer". It was also announced that the album would receive a limited-edition picture disc vinyl release on Infernus's own record label, Forces of Satan Records. A second press listening was held in Bergen, Norway, on 28 August 2009, in connection with the band's headlining performance at the Hole in the Sky festival on 29 August 2009. At the Hole in the Sky concert, the song "Aneuthanasia" was performed live, marking the first ever live performance of material from the album. A sample of the album version of this song was released on September 21. The song "Prayer" received its live debut at the band's concert at UKA 2009 in Trondheim, Norway, on October 19. This concert served as a "release party" for the new album.

The album was well received upon its release, earning high marks in magazines such as *Metal Hammer* and *Rock Hard*. The first pressing of the CD version of the album was packaged as a jewel case and included a limited-edition slipcover and also a patch of the cover artwork and band logo. The album was also released on regular 12" vinyl by Regain Records.

In April 2010, the band went on a European mini-tour to promote the album, with nine concerts in Belgium, the Netherlands, France, Italy and Germany. The set list for the tour contained three tracks from *Quantos Possunt ad Satanitatem Trahunt*: "Satan-Prometheus", "Aneuthanasia" and "Prayer".

## Track listing

All music is composed by Infernus

| No. | Title | Lyrics | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Aneuthanasia" | A. Behemot | 2:19 |
| 2. | "Prayer" | Behemot | 3:33 |
| 3. | "Rebirth" | V. Horg | 6:34 |
| 4. | "Building a Man" | Horg | 3:23 |
| 5. | "New Breed" | Horg | 5:29 |
| 6. | "Cleansing Fire" | Horg | 3:13 |
| 7. | "Human Sacrifice" | Horg | 3:46 |
| 8. | "Satan-Prometheus" | Behemot | 5:37 |
| 9. | "Introibo ad Alatare Satanas" | Infernus | 0:53 |
| Total length: | | | 34:47 |

## Personnel

### Gorgoroth

### Additional personnel

* Oskorei Grapix – artwork
* Christian Misje – artwork, photography
* Mats Lindfors – mastering

## InfoBox

| Quantos Possunt ad Satanitatem Trahunt | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Gorgoroth | |
| Released | 21 October 2009 (2009-10-21) |
| Recorded | March–June 2009 |
| Genre | Black metal |
| Length | 34:47 |
| Label | Regain |
| Producer | Infernus, Tomas Asklund |
| Gorgoroth chronology | |
| *True Norwegian Black Metal - Live in Grieghallen*
(2008) ***Quantos Possunt ad Satanitatem Trahunt***
(2009) *Instinctus Bestialis*
(2015) | |


title: Quantou Town

abstract: Quantou Town is a town in the northeast of Liaoning province, China. It is under the administration of Changtu County. It is served by China National Highway 102.

text:
# Quantou Town

**Quantou Town** (simplified Chinese: 泉头镇; traditional Chinese: 泉頭鎮; pinyin: *Quántóu Zhèn*) is a town in the northeast of Liaoning province, China. It is under the administration of Changtu County. It is served by China National Highway 102.

## Administrative divisions

There are 12 villages under the town's administration.

Villages:

## InfoBox

| Quantou Town 泉头镇 | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| QuantouLocation in Liaoning | |
| Coordinates: 42°48′N 124°06′E / 42.800°N 124.100°E / 42.800; 124.100 | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Liaoning |
| Prefecture-level city | Tieling |
| Prefecture-county | Changtu |
| Town seat | Quantou Town |
| Area | |
| Total | 140 km2 (50 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 445.1 m (1,460.3 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 112502 |


title: Quarterdeck

abstract: The quarterdeck is a raised deck behind the main mast of a sailing ship. Traditionally it was where the captain commanded his vessel and where the ship's colours were kept. This led to its use as the main ceremonial and reception area on board, and the word is still used to refer to such an area on a ship or even in naval establishments on land. Many such facilities have areas decorated like shipboard quarterdecks. In the 20th century the word came to be applied to the area at the stern of the ship, often used for secondary weapons and seaplane catapults. In modern military designs the stern has been roofed over by the helicopter deck but a large space remains underneath which is typically used for sonar equipment or small boats and which is still referred to as the quarterdeck in Commonwealth navies.

text:
# Quarterdeck

The **quarterdeck** is a raised deck behind the main mast of a sailing ship. Traditionally it was where the captain commanded his vessel and where the ship's colours were kept. This led to its use as the main ceremonial and reception area on board, and the word is still used to refer to such an area on a ship or even in naval establishments on land. Many such facilities have areas decorated like shipboard quarterdecks.

In the 20th century the word came to be applied to the area at the stern of the ship, often (on naval vessels) used for secondary weapons and (on battleships) seaplane catapults. In modern military designs the stern has been roofed over by the helicopter deck but a large space remains underneath which is typically used for sonar equipment or small boats and which is still referred to as the quarterdeck in Commonwealth navies.

## Ceremonial use

There are ancient traditions of offering special deference to the quarterdeck. Greek, Roman, and Carthaginian warships all carried shrines which were given special respect. This continued into Christian times, and in medieval British warships, the religious shrine was set up on the quarterdeck. All hands were required to salute it by taking off their hats or caps. This led to the habit of saluting whenever one entered the quarterdeck.

Today, *quarterdeck* refers not to a specific deck, but to a ceremonial area designated as such by the captain, often used as the ship's reception area while in harbour. As in the days of sail, it is a place where the captain has special control and prerogatives.

In port, the quarterdeck is the most important place on the ship, and is the central control point for all its major activities, as well as it is where the captain usually stands. Underway, its importance diminishes as control of the ship is transferred to the bridge. The quarterdeck is normally on the main deck, but may be elsewhere in some types of ship. It is usually marked off by special lines, deck markings, decorative cartridge cases, or fancy knotwork.

Special attention is paid to the quarterdeck's cleanliness and physical appearance. Those standing watch on the quarterdeck must be in the uniform of the day and present a smart appearance at all times. Personnel not in the uniform of the day generally avoid crossing the quarterdeck unless their work requires it. On ships with a well-defined quarterdeck area, uniformed personnel should salute when they enter it. Smoking and recreational activities are prohibited on the quarterdeck unless specially authorised by the commanding officer.

The starboard gangway to the quarterdeck is normally used by officers and their visitors; the port gangway is used by everyone else. In bad weather, all personnel use the lee gangway. On smaller ships with only one gangway, it may be rigged to either side and is used by everyone. Flagships sometimes have an additional starboard gangway for the flag officer and officers of his staff.

## History

In medieval times, warships had a single deck, with raised structures at each end: the "forecastle" in the front, and the "aftercastle" in the rear. Following the introduction of cannon, the aftercastle was gradually replaced with a simpler structure consisting of the halfdeck above the main deck, extending forwards from the stern to the mainmast; and above that the quarterdeck, extending about half as far forwards. Later the halfdeck was extended the entire length of the ship, becoming the main deck (the former main deck now being the gun deck), leaving the quarterdeck as the only significant deck above the main deck.

The captain or master commanded the ship from the quarterdeck. The quarterdeck was traditionally the place where the captain walked when on deck, usually on the windward side. The navigator also used it when taking his sights when fixing the vessel's position. On most ships, it was customary that only officers could use the quarterdeck, others being allowed there only when assigned for specific duties. By extension, on flush-decked ships the after part of the main deck, where the officers took their station, was also known as the quarterdeck.

## Scouting

In Sea Scouts, quarterdeck training is introductory training for youth to equip them with leadership and management abilities to effectively run their ship.


title: Quarterback sneak

abstract: A quarterback sneak is a play in gridiron football in which the quarterback, upon taking the center snap, dives ahead while the offensive line surges forward. It is usually only used in very short yardage situations. The advantages of this play are that there are no further ball exchanges beyond the center snap, and that the quarterback receives the ball almost at the line of scrimmage so that it is unlikely that significant yardage could be lost on the play. It is also very unlikely that the play will gain more than one or two yards, though there are exceptions, such as Greg Landry gaining 76 yards, then an NFL record for longest rush by a quarterback, on a sneak. For this reason, it is almost solely used when the ball is very close to the goal-line or on third or fourth down with a yard or less to go to get a first down. The origins of this play date back to 1912 where standout Yale quarterback Graham Winkelbaum first used it in a game against rival Harvard. Quarterback sneaks are statistically the most likely plays to convert short yardage situations, though each situation varies. Many football statistics sites advocate for increased usage of the play. QB sneaks have drawbacks in that they tend to expose the quarterback to hits from opposing defenders. Often quarterbacks do not wish to expose themselves to the increased risk of injury associated with the play. This is especially prevalent with traditional pocket passing quarterbacks as Drew Brees or Tom Brady, though Brady has been one of the most effective at running the play despite his lack of speed for a quarterback. Perhaps the most famous quarterback sneak in football history was executed by Bart Starr of the Green Bay Packers in the famous "Ice Bowl" National Football League championship game against the Dallas Cowboys on December 31, 1967. The 2022 Philadelphia Eagles were notorious for their usage of the quarterback sneak, successfully converting 29 of 32 attempts for a first down, a success percentage of over 90%. The Eagles utilized an abnormal rugby scrum style of the play using two players to push quarterback Jalen Hurts forward from behind. This became known as the "Tush Push", or the Brotherly Shove, a play on the "City of Brotherly Love" nickname for Philadelphia. The method was so successful, other teams lobbied the NFL to ban it outright. The play has started to be adapted by other NFL teams as well as college football teams. Despite the "sneak" moniker, the play is often expected in situations where a short gain is needed.

text:
# Quarterback sneak

A **quarterback sneak** is a play in gridiron football in which the quarterback, upon taking the center snap, dives ahead while the offensive line surges forward. It is usually only used in very short yardage situations.

The advantages of this play are that there are no further ball exchanges beyond the center snap, and that the quarterback receives the ball almost at the line of scrimmage so that it is unlikely that significant yardage could be lost on the play. It is also very unlikely that the play will gain more than one or two yards, though there are exceptions, such as Greg Landry gaining 76 yards, then an NFL record for longest rush by a quarterback, on a sneak. For this reason, it is almost solely used when the ball is very close to the goal-line or on third or fourth down with a yard or less to go to get a first down. The origins of this play date back to 1912 where standout Yale quarterback Graham Winkelbaum first used it in a game against rival Harvard.

Quarterback sneaks are statistically the most likely plays to convert short yardage situations, though each situation varies. Many football statistics sites advocate for increased usage of the play.

QB sneaks have drawbacks in that they tend to expose the quarterback to hits from opposing defenders. Often quarterbacks do not wish to expose themselves to the increased risk of injury associated with the play. This is especially prevalent with traditional pocket passing quarterbacks as Drew Brees or Tom Brady, though Brady has been one of the most effective at running the play despite his lack of speed for a quarterback.

Perhaps the most famous quarterback sneak in football history was executed by Bart Starr of the Green Bay Packers in the famous "Ice Bowl" National Football League championship game against the Dallas Cowboys on December 31, 1967.

The 2022 Philadelphia Eagles were notorious for their usage of the quarterback sneak, successfully converting 29 of 32 attempts for a first down, a success percentage of over 90%. The Eagles utilized an abnormal rugby scrum style of the play using two players to push quarterback Jalen Hurts forward from behind. This became known as the "**Tush Push**", or the **Brotherly Shove**, a play on the "City of Brotherly Love" nickname for Philadelphia. The method was so successful, other teams lobbied the NFL to ban it outright. The play has started to be adapted by other NFL teams as well as college football teams.

Despite the "sneak" moniker, the play is often expected in situations where a short gain is needed.


title: Quebec Route 382

abstract: Route 382 is a provincial highway located in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region in southwestern Quebec. The highway runs from Ville-Marie at the junction of Route 101 and ends south of Laforce. Between Lorrainville and Laverlochère-Angliers it overlaps Route 391.

text:
# Quebec Route 382

**Route 382** is a provincial highway located in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region in southwestern Quebec. The highway runs from Ville-Marie at the junction of Route 101 and ends south of Laforce. Between Lorrainville and Laverlochère-Angliers it overlaps Route 391.

## Towns along Route 382

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Témiscamingue RCM.

| Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ville-Marie | 0 | 0.0 | R-101 Témiscaming, Rouyn-Noranda | Western terminus |
| Lorrainville |  |  | R-391 south Béarn | Begin/end concurrency with Route 391 |
| |  |  | R-391 north Saint-Eugène-de-Guigues | Begin/end concurrency with Route 391 |
| Belleterre | 45.4 | 28.2 | 4th Rue | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi<br> | | | | | |

1. Ministère des transports, "Distances routières", page (?), Les Publications du Québec, 2005

## InfoBox

| Route 382 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by Transports Québec | |
| Length | 73 km (45 mi) |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | R-101 in Ville-Marie |
| East end | 4th Rue in Belleterre |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Quebec |
| Major cities | Ville-Marie, Lorrainville |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| R-381   R-385 | |


title: Queienfeld

abstract: Queienfeld is a former municipality in the district Schmalkalden-Meiningen, in Thuringia, Germany. As of December 2007 it became part of Grabfeld.

text:
# Queienfeld

**Queienfeld** is a former municipality in the district Schmalkalden-Meiningen, in Thuringia, Germany. As of December 2007 it became part of Grabfeld.

## InfoBox

| Queienfeld | |
| --- | --- |
| Ortsteil of Grabfeld | |
| Location of Queienfeld | |
| Queienfeld Queienfeld | |
| Coordinates: 50°27′N 10°26′E / 50.450°N 10.433°E / 50.450; 10.433 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Thuringia |
| District | Schmalkalden-Meiningen |
| Municipality | Grabfeld |
| Area | |
| Total | 9.67 km2 (3.73 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 370 m (1,210 ft) |
| Population (2006-12-31) | |
| Total | 526 |
| Density | 54/km2 (140/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 98631 |
| Dialling codes | 036944 |
| Vehicle registration | SM |


title: Queijada

abstract: Queijada is a type of sweet made most famously in Sintra, Portugal. It is a small sweet prepared using cheese or requeijão, eggs, milk, and powdered sugar. Other queijadas are produced in Madeira, Azores, Oeiras, Évora and Pereira (Montemor-o-Velho).

text:
# Queijada

***Queijada*** is a type of sweet made most famously in Sintra, Portugal. It is a small sweet prepared using cheese or requeijão, eggs, milk, and powdered sugar. Other *queijadas* are produced in Madeira, Azores, Oeiras, Évora and Pereira (Montemor-o-Velho).

## InfoBox

Queijada
| A queijada from the Azores | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Confectionery |
| Place of origin | Portugal |
| Main ingredients | cheese, milk, sugar, eggs |
|  | |


title: Quercus macranthera

abstract: Quercus macranthera, commonly called the Caucasian oak, or the Persian oak, is a species of deciduous tree native to Western Asia that is occasionally grown as an ornamental tree in Europe growing to 30 metres tall. It is placed in section Quercus.

text:
# Quercus macranthera

***Quercus macranthera***, commonly called the **Caucasian oak**, or the **Persian oak**, is a species of deciduous tree native to Western Asia (northern Iran, Turkey; and in the Caucasus in Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan) that is occasionally grown as an ornamental tree in Europe growing to 30 metres (98 feet) tall. It is placed in section *Quercus*.

## Subspecies

It has two subspecies. One subspecies (*Quercus macranthera* subsp. *syspirensis*) is found in the thermophilic lower- and mid-montane shrub communities of Turkey, and the other subspecies (*Quercus macranthera* subsp. *macranthera*) is found in Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and northern Iran, along the Caspian Sea.

## InfoBox

| Caucasian oak | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Fagaceae |
| Genus: | *Quercus* |
| Subgenus: | *Quercus subg. Quercus* |
| Section: | *Quercus sect. Quercus* |
| Species: | ***Q. macranthera*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Quercus macranthera***<br>Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Hohen. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| List * *Quercus bornmuelleriana* O.Schwarz * *Quercus syspirensis* K.Koch | |


title: R. Scott Williams

abstract: Robert Scott Williams is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Air Force. He final assignment was the commander of the First Air Force at Tyndall Air Force Base. He has over 3,900 flight hours, including 300 combat hours.

text:
# R. Scott Williams

**Robert Scott Williams** is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Air Force. He final assignment was the commander of the First Air Force at Tyndall Air Force Base. He has over 3,900 flight hours, including 300 combat hours.

## Air Force career

After graduating with a bachelor's degree in aerospace engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology, Williams commissioned as a second lieutenant in the United States Air Force in November 1984. He attended pilot training at Columbus Air Force Base, and subsequently served as a T-38 Talon instructor pilot. In 1990, he transitioned to flying the F-16 Fighting Falcon, and later served as a fighter pilot at Macdill Air Force Base, Spangdahlem Air Base, Osan Air Base, and McEntire Joint National Guard Base. Additionally, he was the branch and division chief in several departments at the Air National Guard Readiness Center (ANGRC) and The Pentagon. He attended the National Defense University and commanded the 169th Operations Group, the 169th Fighter Wing, and the ANGRC. He was the chief of the Office of Military Cooperation in the United States Embassy in Kuwait. In July 2016, he assumed command of the First Air Force and the Continental NORAD Region. In July 2019, he retired from the United States Air Force.

## Awards and decorations

|  | US Air Force Command Pilot Badge |
| --- | --- |
|  | Headquarters Air Force Badge |
|  | National Guard Bureau Organizational Badge |

## Effective dates of promotion

| Insignia | Rank | Date |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Lieutenant general | July 6, 2016 |
|  | Major general | June 2, 2014 |
|  | Brigadier general | July 30, 2010 |
|  | Colonel | June 30, 2005 |
|  | Lieutenant colonel | Oct 13, 2001 |
|  | Major | Aug 1, 1996 |
|  | Captain | Nov 2, 1988 |
|  | First lieutenant | Nov 2, 1986 |
|  | Second lieutenant | Nov 2, 1984 |

## InfoBox

| R. Scott Williams | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Colorado Springs, Colorado |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service/branch | United States Air Force |
| Years of service | 1984–2019 |
| Rank | Lieutenant General |
| Commands | First Air Force
Continental NORAD Region
Air National Guard Readiness Center
169th Fighter Wing
169th Operations Group |
| Battles/wars | Iraq War |
| Awards | Air Force Distinguished Service Medal
Defense Superior Service Medal
Legion of Merit (2) |


title: Niru Kumar

abstract: Niru Kumar is an Indian social activist. In 2021, she was awarded Padma Shri by the Indian Government for her contribution in social work.

text:
# Niru Kumar

**Niru Kumar** is an Indian social activist. In 2021, she was awarded Padma Shri by the Indian Government for her contribution in social work.

## Career

Kumar started her career in 2012 with the work of gender empowerment and diversity. She worked as a senior officer in Central Government Health Scheme for 25 years. In 2020, she was chosen as one of the national icons of the Election Commission of India.

## Awards

## InfoBox

| Niru Kumar | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Occupation | Indian social activist |