title: Old Iron

abstract: Old Iron is a 1938 British drama film directed by Tom Walls and starring Richard Ainley, Henry Hewitt, Eva Moore and Cecil Parker. It was made at Shepperton Studios.

text:
# Old Iron

***Old Iron*** is a 1938 British drama film directed by Tom Walls and starring Richard Ainley, Henry Hewitt, Eva Moore and Cecil Parker.

It was made at Shepperton Studios.

## Cast

1. "Old Iron (1938)". *BFI*. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
2. Wood p.99

## Bibliography

* Low, Rachael. *Filmmaking in 1930s Britain*. George Allen & Unwin, 1985.
* Wood, Linda. *British Films, 1927-1939*. British Film Institute, 1986.

*Old Iron* at IMDb

## InfoBox

| Old Iron | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Tom Walls |
| Written by | Ben Travers |
| Produced by | Tom Walls |
| Starring | Tom Walls
Eva Moore
Cecil Parker
Veronica Rose |
| Cinematography | Mutz Greenbaum |
| Edited by | Lynn Harrison |
| Music by | Louis Levy |
| Production
company | Tom Walls Productions |
| Distributed by | British Lion Film |
| Release date | * December 1938 (1938-12) |
| Running time | 80 minutes |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |


title: Otto Malm (footballer)

abstract: Otto Malm was a Swedish footballer who played as a striker for Helsingborgs IF and the Sweden national team.

text:
# Otto Malm (footballer)

**Otto** **Malm** (8 February 1890 – 4 July 1969) was a Swedish footballer who played as a striker for Helsingborgs IF and the Sweden national team.

## Club career

Malm was a one-club man for Helsingborgs IF. Malm scored 735 goals in 500 games for Helsingborgs IF. In the 1911–12 season, Malm picked up 69 goals in 24 games and in the 1924–25 season, Malm at least scored 15 goals.

## International career

Malm and right winger Georg Bengtsson were the first HIF players to play in the national team. It happened on 18 May 1913 in Budapest against Hungary and they lost 2-0.

The year before, Malm had been an Olympic reserve at home, but never had to be called up to the Solskensol Olympiad in Stockholm. He was selected for the Sweden at Paris Olympics 1924, but declined. At the time, he was 34 years old and justified his decision with the fact that his condition was not the best.

## InfoBox

Otto Malm
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Otto Malm | | |
| Date of birth | (1890-02-08)8 February 1890 | | |
| Place of birth | Helsingborg, Sweden | | |
| Date of death | 4 July 1969(1969-07-04) (aged 79) | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1907–1927 | Helsingborgs IF |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1913-1925 | Sweden | 11 | (5) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Otsungna

abstract: Otsungna was a Tongva village located in what is now the El Sereno neighborhood of Los Angeles, California and California State University, Los Angeles. It was referenced as the "Otsungna Prehistoric Village Site" in the construction of State Route 710. The village has alternatively been referred to as Ochuunga, derived from the Tongva language word for "wild rose" and possibly translating to "Place of Roses."

text:
# Otsungna

**Otsungna** was a Tongva village located in what is now the El Sereno neighborhood of Los Angeles, California and California State University, Los Angeles. It was referenced as the "Otsungna Prehistoric Village Site" in the construction of State Route 710. The village has alternatively been referred to as **Ochuunga**, derived from the Tongva language word for "wild rose" and possibly translating to "Place of Roses."

## History

The village was located north and west of the large village of Yaanga connected via a trail with the other village of Shevaanga. Spanish priest José Zalvidea noted that the village was located "on the road from San Gabriel to Los Angeles." This was a pre-Columbian trail that was used extensively prior to the arrival of the Spanish colonizers.

Although evidence of the village has been largely destroyed, it has been proposed that El Sereno was established adjacent to Otsungna as an early Spanish colonial settlement in the Los Angeles area since Tongva laborers were essential to the construction of the city and early settlements were often constructed near preexisting Tongva villages.

1. Heinecke, Liz Lee (2022-02-08). *The Kitchen Pantry Scientist Physics for Kids: Science Experiments and Activities Inspired by Awesome Physicists, Past and Present; with 25 Illustrated Biographies of Amazing Scientists from Around the World*. Quarry Books. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-7603-7243-2.
2. Society, El Sereno Historical. "El Sereno Historical Society". *El Sereno Historical Society*. Retrieved 2023-04-20.
3. "Executive Summary Draft Environmental Impact Report/Environmental Impact Statement and Draft Section (f)" (PDF). *Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority*  via Metro.
4. "An Indigenous Peoples Vision for Reclaiming our Community". *www.dignidad.org*. Retrieved 2023-04-22.
5. J. N. Bowman, "The Rose of Castile", *Western Folklore*, Vol. 6, No. 3 (Jul., 1947), pp. 204–210, Western States Folklore Society.
6. Calif.), Southwest Museum (Los Angeles (1968). *Southwest Museum Papers*. Southwest Museum. pp. 122–23.
7. Hernández, Kelly Lytle (2017-02-15). *City of Inmates: Conquest, Rebellion, and the Rise of Human Caging in Los Angeles, 1771–1965*. UNC Press Books. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-4696-3119-6.


title: Otto Nitze

abstract: Otto Nitze was a German musician and composer, who also published essential compositions under the pseudonym 'Tom Dawitt'.

text:
# Otto Nitze

**Otto Nitze** (20 September 1924 – 8 May 1988) was a German musician and composer, who also published essential compositions under the pseudonym 'Tom Dawitt'.

## Life

Born in Artern, Nitze came from an old family of musicians. At the age of five he received his first violin lessons from his father, from the age of seven from the 1st concertmaster of the Städtische Bühnen zu Erfurt, at the age of nine he became a pupil of the director of the Musikhochschule zu Sondershausen, Professor Carl Corbach, at the age of ten Nitze was admitted to the conservatory after being granted special permission ("Lex Nitze").

He then attended the Musisches Gymnasium Frankfurt, where his teachers were Professor Kurt Thomas, August Leopolder and Wolfgang Riehm. Nitze received art lessons from the Idar-Oberstein artist Max Rupp, who was a teacher at the Musisches Gymnasium. He completed his music studies as a certified bandmaster. After the end of the war, Nitze became the youngest Kapellmeister and composer of music for plays at the theatre in Eisleben at the age of 23. As municipal music director, he directed the music school that his grandfather had founded and was also the leader of a professional orchestra. In 1947, he moved to the West and first worked here as a freelancer. In 1950, he took over the direction of the Musikverein 1861 Idar-Oberstein, followed by other wind orchestras and choirs in the city and district.

In 1957, Nitze was the main initiator for the foundation of the youth harmony orchestra of the Musikverein 1861 Idar-Oberstein, which also played a leading role in the foundation of other youth orchestras. In November 1961, he moved to Schramberg/Black Forest as Municipal Music Director and teacher at the University Institute of Music in Trossingen. In 1965, Nitze returned to Idar-Oberstein to rebuild and revive musical youth work. In 1967, Nitze founded the Municipal Young Brass School, followed in 1968 by the founding of the Birkenfeld District Youth Orchestra, based in Idar-Oberstein.

The aim of both orchestras and Nitze's special concern was the intensive musical promotion of young people and youth work. Nitze achieved great success at national and international music competitions, especially with the District Youth Orchestra, and travelled with this orchestra to many European countries, Israel, the US and Canada. Nitze conducted both orchestras until his death in 1988. He had been married to Lilli, *née* Elges, since 1951. They had one daughter.

Nitze, who had been a full-time music teacher at the Idar-Oberstein secondary school since 1968, was a member of the cultural committee of the town of Idar-Oberstein, of the Birkenfeld district music association (district music association conductor), of the state music advisory board and was active as an adjudicator at the federal level. For his services to music and youth work as well as his artistic activities, he received the Federal Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Golden Badge of Honour of the city of Idar-Oberstein, the coat of arms plates of the city of Idar-Oberstein and the district of Birkenfeld, the Peter Cornelius Plaque of the state government of Rhineland-Palatinate, the Croix de Mérite de la Confédération Internationale des Sociétés Musicales, the Federal Promotional Medal in Silver and Gold of the Federation of German Wind and Folk Music Associations and that of the Landesmusikverband Rheinland-Pfalz, the Conductor's Badge of Honour in Silver and Gold as well as the Golden Town Hall Man of the City of Vienna. He is still the only honorary conductor of the *Musikverein 1861 Idar-Oberstein*.

Nitze was also very successful as a composer. Already in 1965 he received the 1st prize for his work *Prolog* for symphonic wind orchestra. In 1979, Nitze composed the state anthem *Viva la musica* for the first state music festival in Rhineland-Palatinate. His composition *Leuchtender Tag* was played at the papal reception of Pope Pope John Paul II in Altötting in 1980.

Nitze died in Idar-Oberstein at the age of 63.

## Bibliography

* Wolfgang Suppan, Armin Suppan: *Das Neue Lexikon des Blasmusikwesens*, 4th edition, Freiburg-Tiengen, Blasmusikverlag Schulz GmbH, 1994, ISBN 3-923058-07-1
* Paul E. Bierley, William H. Rehrig: *The heritage encyclopedia of band music : composers and their music*, Westerville, Ohio: Integrity Press, 1991, ISBN 0-918048-08-7
* Paul Frank, Burchard Bulling, Florian Noetzel, Helmut Rosner: *Kurzgefasstes Tonkünstler Lexikon – Zweiter Teil: Ergänzungen und Erweiterungen seit 1937*, 15. Aufl., Wilhelmshaven: Heinrichshofen, vol. 1: A-K. 1974. ISBN 3-7959-0083-2; vol/ 2: L-Z. 1976. ISBN 3-7959-0087-5


title: Osphradium

abstract: The osphradium is a pigmented chemosensory epithelium patch in the mantle cavity present in six of the eight extant classes of molluscs, on or adjacent to the ctenidia (gills). The main function of this organ is disputed but it is believed to be used to test incoming water for silt and possible food particles or, in some species, for sensing the presence of light. It is a popular idea among malacologists that the presence of an osphradium should be a molluscan synapomorphy. However, an osphradium is absent in monoplacophorans and scaphopods. Moreover, the differences in enervation of these patches suggest that the osphradium may be different from another organ sometimes called the posterior sensory organ (PSO) with separate enervation from the lateral nerve cords. Both types of sensory organs are found in the nautilus.

text:
# Osphradium

The **osphradium** is a pigmented chemosensory epithelium patch in the mantle cavity present in six of the eight extant classes of molluscs (it is absent in the scaphopoda and monoplacophora; among cephalopoda, only the nautilus has what appears to be a set of osphradia), on or adjacent to the ctenidia (gills). The main function of this organ is disputed but it is believed to be used to test incoming water for silt and possible food particles or, in some species, for sensing the presence of light.

It is a popular idea among malacologists that the presence of an osphradium should be a molluscan synapomorphy. However, an osphradium is absent in monoplacophorans and scaphopods. Moreover, the differences in enervation of these patches suggest that the osphradium (as a patch enervated from the ctenidial nerve) may be different from another organ sometimes called the posterior sensory organ (PSO) with separate enervation from the lateral nerve cords. Both types of sensory organs are found in the nautilus.

* Hulbert G. C. E. B. & Yonge C. M. (1937). "A Possible Function of the Osphradium in the Gastropoda". *Nature* **139**: 840-841. doi:10.1038/139840b0.
* Brown A. C. & Noble R. G. (1960). "Function of the Osphradium in *Bullia* (Gastropoda)". *Nature* **188**: 1045-1045. doi:10.1038/1881045a0.


title: Osteochilus brachynotopteroides

abstract: Osteochilus brachynotopteroides is a fresh water fish in the family Cyprinidae from Southeast Asia. It occurs in the lower Mekong Basin and is present in Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam; it is expected to occur in Cambodia but has not been found there. Osteochilus brachynotopteroides grows to 15 cm (5.9 in) TL. It is a rare species that seems to prefer hill streams and highland lakes. It is probably present, although not documented, in local subsistence fisheries.

text:
# Osteochilus brachynotopteroides

***Osteochilus brachynotopteroides*** is a fresh water fish in the family Cyprinidae from Southeast Asia. It occurs in the lower Mekong Basin and is present in Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam; it is expected to occur in Cambodia but has not been found there.

*Osteochilus brachynotopteroides* grows to 15 cm (5.9 in) TL. It is a rare species that seems to prefer hill streams and highland lakes. It is probably present, although not documented, in local subsistence fisheries.

## InfoBox

| *Osteochilus brachynotopteroides* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Genus: | *Osteochilus* |
| Species: | ***O. brachynotopteroides*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Osteochilus brachynotopteroides***
Chevey, 1934 | |
|


title: Osteochilus enneaporos

abstract: Osteochilus enneaporos is a species of cyprinid fish found from Thailand to Indonesia.

text:
# Osteochilus enneaporos

***Osteochilus enneaporos*** is a species of cyprinid fish found from Thailand to Indonesia.

## InfoBox

| *Osteochilus enneaporos* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Subfamily: | Labeoninae |
| Genus: | *Osteochilus* |
| Species: | ***O. enneaporos*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Osteochilus enneaporos***
Bleeker, 1852) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Rohita enneaporos* | |


title: Ostreavirus

abstract: Ostreavirus is a genus of viruses in the order Herpesvirales, and one of only two genera in the family Malacoherpesviridae. Molluscs serve as natural hosts. There is only one species described in this genus, Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1), commonly known as oyster herpesvirus. A disease associated with this genus is sporadic episodes of high mortality among larvae and juveniles. Acute viral necrosis virus, which affects scallops such as Chlamys farreri, appears to be a variant of Ostreid herpesvirus 1. Ostreid herpesvirus 1 was subsequently detected in the common octopus.

text:
# Ostreavirus

***Ostreavirus*** is a genus of viruses in the order *Herpesvirales*, and one of only two genera in the family *Malacoherpesviridae*. Molluscs serve as natural hosts. There is only one species described in this genus, ***Ostreid herpesvirus 1*** (OsHV-1), commonly known as **oyster herpesvirus**. A disease associated with this genus is sporadic episodes of high mortality among larvae and juveniles.

Acute viral necrosis virus, which affects scallops such as *Chlamys farreri*, appears to be a variant of *Ostreid herpesvirus 1*.

*Ostreid herpesvirus 1* was subsequently detected in the common octopus (*Octopus vulgaris*).

## Structure

*Ostreavirus* is enveloped, with spherical to pleomorphic geometry, and T=16 symmetry. The diameter is around 150-200 nm. The genome is linear and non-segmented, around 134kb in length.

| Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Ostreavirus* | Spherical pleomorphic | T=16 | Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |

## Life cycle

Viral replication is nuclear, and is lysogenic. DNA templated transcription is the method of transcription. Molluscs serve as the natural host.

| Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Ostreavirus* | Molluscs | B-lymphocytes | Glycoprotiens | Budding | Nucleus | Nucleus | Sex; saliva |

## InfoBox

| *Ostreid herpesvirus 1* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Virus classification | |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| *Realm*: | *Duplodnaviria* |
| Kingdom: | *Heunggongvirae* |
| Phylum: | *Peploviricota* |
| Class: | *Herviviricetes* |
| Order: | *Herpesvirales* |
| Family: | *Malacoherpesviridae* |
| Genus: | *Ostreavirus* |
| Species: | ***Ostreid herpesvirus 1*** |
|


title: Ostrec

abstract: Ostrec is a village in the municipality of Bitola, North Macedonia. The village is about 12 kilometers away from Bitola, North Macedonia. It used to be part of the former municipality of Bistrica.

text:
# Ostrec

**Ostrec** (Macedonian Cyrillic: Острец; Albanian: *Ostrec*) is a village in the municipality of Bitola, North Macedonia. The village is about 12 kilometers away from Bitola, North Macedonia. It used to be part of the former municipality of Bistrica.

## Culture

Ostrec has traditionally and exclusively been populated by Ghegs, a northern subgroup of Albanians and speak the Gheg Albanian dialect, similar to the Matjan and Dibran Geg subdialects.

## Demographics

Erekovci is attested in the Ottoman defter of 1467/68 as a village in the vilayet of Manastir. The inhabitants attested largely bore Albanian anthroponyms, such as *Leko Arbanash*, *None Arbanash*, *Gon* son of *Tanush* etc.

Due to emigration in the 1960-1970s, a sizable diaspora from the village exists in the mainly Western Suburbs of Melbourne, Australia.

As of the 2021 census, Ostrec had 161 residents with the following ethnic composition:

* Albanians 154
* Persons for whom data are taken from administrative sources 7

According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 229 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:

Many Albanians migrated to Türkiye from this village between 1920-1930. In addition, in the 1950s, there were migrations to Türkiye again. There are also those who immigrated to Australia and America. Immigrants to Türkiye and their children mostly reside in Büyükkale village of Tire district of İzmir city. In 1960 through to the mid-1970’s many of these Ostrecly moved to Australia, the vast majority live in Melbourne, (Naarm) Victoria.

Facebook Ostrec Group : https://www.facebook.com/groups/ostrec

## InfoBox

| Ostrec | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Острец | |
| Air view of the village | |
| OstrecLocation within North Macedonia | |
| Coordinates: 41°02′N 21°16′E / 41.033°N 21.267°E / 41.033; 21.267 | |
| Country | North Macedonia |
| Region | Pelagonia |
| Municipality | Bitola |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 161 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Car plates | BT |
| Website | . |


title: Otto Herrigel

abstract: Otto Herrigel was a Namibian businessman, and politician. He served as Namibia's first Minister of Finance between 1990 and 1992. Herrigel was born in Walvis Bay and grew up in Swakopmund. He studied economics at University of Heidelberg, and in 1971 obtained a doctoral degree from University of Basel, his thesis was about the demographic and economic development of South West Africa since 1921. A member of SWAPO since before Independence of Namibia, Herrigel worked as a businessman and farmer, before he was appointed Namibia's first Minister of Finance on 21 March 1990. Prominent businessman and then-Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce Harold Pupkewitz commented "Dr Herrigel [is a] man of decision-making abilities and sound judgement". Herrigel resigned in 1992, reportedly due to differences with president Sam Nujoma over fiscal policy and the procurement of a presidential aircraft. Afterwards Herrigel was on the board of the Bank of Namibia (1998-2008), and on the board of directors of TransNamib (2001-2002). Herrigel and his wife Karin raised two GDR kids as foster children, children that were removed from their parents and brought up in the German Democratic Republic.

text:
# Otto Herrigel

**Otto Herrigel** (27 June 1937 – 13 May 2013) was a Namibian businessman, and politician. He served as Namibia's first Minister of Finance between 1990 and 1992.

Herrigel was born in Walvis Bay and grew up in Swakopmund. He studied economics at University of Heidelberg, and in 1971 obtained a doctoral degree from University of Basel, his thesis was about the demographic and economic development of South West Africa since 1921.

A member of SWAPO since before Independence of Namibia, Herrigel worked as a businessman and farmer, before he was appointed Namibia's first Minister of Finance on 21 March 1990. Prominent businessman and then-Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce Harold Pupkewitz commented "Dr Herrigel \[is a\] man of decision-making abilities and sound judgement". Herrigel resigned in 1992, reportedly due to differences with president Sam Nujoma over fiscal policy and the procurement of a presidential aircraft. Afterwards Herrigel was on the board of the Bank of Namibia (1998-2008), and on the board of directors of TransNamib (2001-2002).

Herrigel and his wife Karin raised two GDR kids as foster children, children that were removed from their parents and brought up in the German Democratic Republic.

## InfoBox

| The HonourableOtto Herrigel | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Minister of Finance | |
| **In office**
21 March 1990  10 April 1992 | |
| President | Sam Nujoma |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | Gert Hanekom |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1937-06-27)27 June 1937
Walvis Bay |
| Died | 13 May 2013(2013-05-13) (aged 75)
Windhoek |
| Nationality | Namibian |
| Political party | SWAPO |
| Spouse | Karin Herrigel |
| Children | 2 |
| Alma mater | University of Heidelberg
University of Basel |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Profession | Lawyer |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Oswald Lewis

abstract: Oswald Lewis was a British businessman, barrister, and Conservative politician.

text:
# Oswald Lewis

**Oswald Lewis** (5 April 1887 – 12 February 1966) was a British businessman, barrister, and Conservative politician.

## Early life

Born in Hampstead, north west London, Oswald Lewis was the younger son of John Lewis, founder of the chain of department stores that bears his name, and Eliza Baker. He was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford where he received the Boulter Exhibition in Law and graduated with an honours degree in jurisprudence. He was called to the bar at the Middle Temple in 1912, but never practised. In 1911 he joined the 2nd County of London Yeomanry (Westminster Dragoons), and served in Egypt during the First World War.

## Business career

Lewis was a partner in John Lewis & Company until his father's death in 1928, when he sold his shares to his brother John Spedan Lewis.

Lewis returned to business after his political career came to an end; he was a member of the Worshipful Company of Farriers of the City of London, and was master of the company in 1952.

## Political career

Although originally affiliated to the Liberal Party, having been a prospective parliamentary candidate for North Dorset, by 1928 he had moved to the Conservatives. In December 1928 he was chosen as Conservative candidate to defend the seat of Colchester at the upcoming general election. He was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) and entered the House of Commons upon the 30 May 1929 election. He held the seat until his defeat at the 1945 general election by George Smith, who became Colchester's first and only Labour MP. Throughout his political tenure, Lewis chaired a number of standing and select committees.

In 1908 Lewis entered local politics when he was elected to St Marylebone Borough Council at a byelection. He was supported by both the Conservative and Liberal parties against a Labour Party candidate. He remained on the council until 1912. In 1913 he was elected to the London County Council to represent Hoxton for the Liberal-backed Progressive Party. He sat on the council until 1919.

## Personal life

On the year 1928, Lewis married Frances Merriman and the couple had two children, including Peter. Lewis was the owner of Beechwood, a Grade II listed Georgian house in 11 acres of grounds in Highgate, north London.

He died at Beechwood on the 12th February 1966, aged 78, and is buried on the western side of Highgate Cemetery, on the main path near the entrance to the Egyptian Avenue.

## InfoBox

| Oswald Lewis | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament
for Colchester | |
| **In office**
30 May 1929  15 June 1945 | |
| Preceded by | Laming Worthington-Evans |
| Succeeded by | George Delacourt-Smith |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1887-04-05)5 April 1887
Hampstead, London, England |
| Died | 12 February 1966(1966-02-12) (aged 78)
Highgate, London, England |
| Political party | Conservative |
| Spouse | Frances Merriman (m. 1928) |
| Children | 2 |
| Parents |  |
| Relatives | John Spedan Lewis (brother) |
| Education | Westminster School |
| Alma mater | Christ Church, Oxford |
|  | |


title: Otte Brahe

abstract: Otte Brahe was a Danish (Scanian) nobleman and statesman, who served on the privy council. He was married to Beate Clausdatter Bille and was the father of astronomers Tycho and Sophia Brahe.

text:
# Otte Brahe

**Otte Brahe** (Danish: \[ˈotsʰə ˈpʁɑːə\]; 2 October 1518 – 9 May 1571) was a Danish (Scanian) nobleman and statesman, who served on the privy council (Rigsraad, "Council of the Realm"). He was married to Beate Clausdatter Bille and was the father of astronomers Tycho and Sophia Brahe.

## Life

### Family life

Brahe was born in Tosterup to Tyge Brahe and Sophie Rud. He was nephew of Anne Rud and Henrich Krummedige. Brahe married Beate Clausdatter Bille in 1544. Both the Brahes and the Billes were among the most powerful noble families in Denmark during their lives. Both families owned farms, forests, and land as well as noble houses in several Danish cities including Copenhagen. They built a brick castle at Knudstrup completed in 1550. Their first child was a daughter, Lizbeth. This was followed by twin boys on 14 December 1546. However, one of the twins died before being baptized and named. The other was named Tyge (after Brahe's father).

It is for their son Tyge that Brahe is best known as he became a famous astronomer and took on the name Tycho Brahe as a teenager. Strangely, their son Tyge was kidnapped by Brahe's older brother, Jørgen, in 1548. Tycho later wrote: "without the knowledge of my parents \[Jørgen took\] me away with him while I was in my earliest youth. He supported me generously during his lifetime." While Jørgen took Tyge without their permission, it does not appear that Brahe and his wife strived to have him returned.

Together, they had twelve children, eight of whom survived childhood including a daughter Sophia Brahe. Brahe was not enthusiastic about any of his five sons learning Latin, the language of education at the time, considering it a waste of time. Instead, he arranged for them to become military leaders, brought up in courtly way, to horsemanship, and in sword fighting.

### Political life

The Brahe family was powerful. At one point, in a bid to expand his estate at Knudstrup, he burned the crops of seven farmers and chased them into the forest. Brahe was a close ally of the Danish king. Later in Brahe's life he became governor of Helsingborg castle (probably due to the influence of Peder Oxe). From 1563 he was a member of the Rigsraad oligarchy (about 20 members) that ruled Denmark.

### Death

Brahe fell very ill in Denmark in late 1570, and died on 9 May 1571 leaving Bille a widow. Included in his estate were 500 farms, 60 cottages, 14 mills, Knutstrup Castle, manor houses in the country, and houses in Copenhagen. His estate was not fully settled until 1574.

## Book collector

In 2007 the young Mexican scholar Juan Pablo Ortiz-Hernández edited an unknown Spanish book of songs belonging to Otte Brahe. The publication of the collection of poems was prepared by Ortiz and the hispanist Kenneth Brown and Rachel Schmidt was quoted as saying it represented "a significant contribution to the study of 15th century Spanish 'cancionero' poetry".

## Further reading

* Brahe, Tycho. *Tychonis Brahe Dani Opera Omnia* (in Latin). Vol 1–15. 1913–1929. Edited by J. L. E. Dreyer.
* Skautrup, Peter, 1941 Den jyske lov: Text med oversattelse og ordbog. Aarhus: Universitets-forlag.
* Wittendorff, Alex. 1994. Tyge Brahe. Copenhagen: G. E. C. Gad. Strange Cases from the Files of Astronomical Sociology. University of Notre Dame. Retrieved on 31 March 2005.
* Olson, Donald W.; Olson, Marilynn S.; Doescher, Russell L., "The Stars of Hamlet," Sky & Telescope (November 1998)
* R. Cowen (1999). "Danish astronomer argues for a changing cosmos" (in English). Science News 156 (25 & 26). Retrieved on 2006-09-25.
* Brahe, Tycho. 'Astronomiæ instauratæ mechanica', 1598 European Digital Library Treasure J.L.E. Dreyer "Tycho Brahe" 1890
* Mary Gow (2002). Great Minds of Science: Tycho Brahe. Enslow Publishers, Inc., Berkeley Heights, NJ. 0-7660-1757-5. page 16, 18, & 26
* Hans Raeder, Elis Stromgren, and Bengt Stromgren (1946). Tycho Brahe's Description of His Instruments and Scientific Work as given in Astronomiae instauratae mechanica, Wandesburgi, 1598. Kobenhavn: Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab. unknown ISBN. page 106
* Victor Thoren (1990). The Lord of Uraniborg: A Biography of Tycho Brahe. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-35158-8. page 13
* Poética doctrinal: la edición del Cancionero de Otte Brahe in Spanish (PDF)

## InfoBox

| Otte Brahe | |
| --- | --- |
| The Brahe family | |
| Born | (1518-10-02)2 October 1518
Tosterup, Denmark, Kalmar Union |
| Died | 9 May 1571(1571-05-09) (aged 52)
Denmark, Denmark–Norway |
| Spouse | Beate Clausdatter Bille  (m. 1544) |
| Children | 12; including Tycho and Sophia |
| Parents | * Tyge Brahe (father) * Sophie Rud (mother) |
| Relatives | Jørgen Thygesen Brahe (older brother)
Anne Rud (maternal aunt) |
| Family | Brahe |


abstract: Ottawa—Vanier is a provincial electoral district in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario since 1908. It is located in the east end of Ottawa. The riding, with a large Franco-Ontarian population in Vanier, Overbrook, Lower Town, and in adjoining neighbourhoods, has been one of the most solidly Liberal in the country in recent years, having elected Liberals both federally and provincially in every election since 1971. A sizable minority of the riding is in the former city of Vanier, which was merged with Ottawa in 2000. Vanier has long been home to much of Ottawa's francophone population, but between 1992 and 2001, the size of this linguistic group has fallen by almost 50%. Since 2003, the population of the entire riding has fallen by almost 10% at a time when the rest of the nation's capital increased by approximately 5.2%. The riding now has the second oldest population in Ottawa. In many ways the riding which used to be known as a French riding with an English face has become a largely English-speaking riding (65%) with a French face. The riding also contains the wealthiest part of Ottawa, Rockcliffe Park, which gives some support to the Progressive Conservatives, but also to the Liberals. The neighbourhoods with higher proportions of anglophone residents, including Sandy Hill and New Edinburgh also tend to vote Liberal, but with significant support for the Ontario New Democratic Party. The riding is characterized by below average voter turn-out and an annual loss of approximately 1% in voter support for the provincial Liberals since 1987 thereby reducing their support from approximately 74% to 50% (1987–2007).

text:
# Ottawa—Vanier (provincial electoral district)

45°26′N 75°39′W / 45.433°N 75.650°W / 45.433; -75.650

**Ottawa—Vanier** (formerly known as **Ottawa East**) is a provincial electoral district in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario since 1908. It is located in the east end of Ottawa.

The riding, with a large Franco-Ontarian population in Vanier, Overbrook, Lower Town, and in adjoining neighbourhoods, has been one of the most solidly Liberal in the country in recent years, having elected Liberals both federally and provincially in every election since 1971.

A sizable minority of the riding is in the former city of Vanier, which was merged with Ottawa in 2000. Vanier has long been home to much of Ottawa's francophone population, but between 1992 and 2001, the size of this linguistic group has fallen by almost 50%. Since 2003, the population of the entire riding has fallen by almost 10% at a time when the rest of the nation's capital increased by approximately 5.2%. The riding now has the second oldest population in Ottawa.

In many ways the riding which used to be known as a French riding with an English face has become a largely English-speaking riding (65%) with a French face. The riding also contains the wealthiest part of Ottawa, Rockcliffe Park, which gives some support to the Progressive Conservatives, but also to the Liberals. The neighbourhoods with higher proportions of anglophone residents, including Sandy Hill and New Edinburgh also tend to vote Liberal, but with significant support for the Ontario New Democratic Party. The riding is characterized by below average voter turn-out and an annual loss of approximately 1% in voter support for the provincial Liberals since 1987 thereby reducing their support from approximately 74% to 50% (1987–2007).

## Geography

In 2003, it was redefined as the part of the City of Ottawa east and north of a line running south along the Rideau Canal from the interprovincial boundary to Mann Avenue, northeast to Nicholas Street, southeast to Highway No. 417, and east to the abandoned Canadian Pacific Railway to the hydroelectric transmission line, north to Innes Road, northeast to Blair Road, northwest to Montreal Road, east and northeast to Regional Road No. 174, northeast to Green's Creek, north to the Ottawa River. It contains the neighbourhoods of Beacon Hill North, Cardinal Glen, Carson Grove, Carson Meadows, Castle Heights, Cyrville, Forbes, Lindenlea, Lower Town, Manor Park, New Edinburgh, Overbook, Pineview, Rockcliffe Park, Sandy Hill, Rothwell Heights, Vanier and Viscount Alexander Park.

## Demographics

*According to the 2011 Canadian census*

* **Ethnic groups:** 71.9% White, 9.5% Black, 3.5% Arab, 3.1% South Asian, 2.8% Aboriginal, 2.3% Chinese, 1.7% Latin American, 1.4% Filipino, 1.3% Southeast Asian, 1.1% West Asian
* **Languages:** 51.8% English, 30.6% French, 3.5% Arabic, 1.8% Spanish, 1.5% Chinese, 1.1% Creoles
* **Religion:** 65.9% Christian (44.6% Catholic, 4.7% Anglican, 3.3% United Church, 1.5% Christian Orthodox, 1.1% Baptist, 9.7% Other Christian), 7.6% Muslim, 22.8% No religion.
* **Average household income:** $77,347
* **Median household income:** $57,035
* **Average individual income:** $45,200
* **Median individual income:** $32,421

## History

The provincial electoral district was created in 1908 as "Ottawa East". The name was changed to "Ottawa—Vanier" in 1999.

One MLA, elected through first past the post, represented the district.

### Members of the Legislative Assembly/Members of Provincial Parliament

This district elected the following members of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, :

| Assembly | Years | Member | | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Ottawa East
*Riding created from* Ottawa** | | | | |
| 12th | 1908–1911 |  | Donald McDougal | Liberal |
| 13th | 1911–1914 |  | Napoléon Champagne | Conservative |
| 14th | 1914–1919 |  | Joseph Pinard | Liberal |
| 15th | 1919–1923 | | | |
| 16th | 1923–1926 | | | |
| | 1926–1926 |  | | Independent-Liberal |
| 17th | | | | 1926–1929 |
| 18th | 1929–1934 |  | Louis Côté | Conservative |
| 19th | 1934–1937 |  | Paul Leduc | Liberal |
| 20th | 1937–1940 | | | |
| | 1940–1943 | | Robert Laurier | |
| 21st | | | 1943–1945 | |
| 22nd | 1945–1948 | | Aurele Chartrand | |
| 23rd | 1948–1951 | ||
| 24th | 1951–1955 | ||
| 25th | 1955–1959 |  | Jules Morin | Progressive Conservative |
| 26th | 1959–1963 | | | |
| 27th | 1963–1967 |  | Horace Racine | Liberal |
| 28th | 1967–1971 |  | Jules Morin | Progressive Conservative |
| 29th | 1971–1975 |  | Albert Roy | Liberal |
| 30th | 1975–1977 | | | |
| 31st | 1977–1981 | | | |
| 32nd | 1981–1985 | | | |
| 33rd | 1985–1987 | | Bernard Grandmaître | |
| 34th | 1987–1990 | ||
| 35th | 1990–1995 | ||
| 36th | 1995–1999 | ||
| **Ottawa—Vanier** | | | | |
| 37th | 1999–2001 |  | Claudette Boyer | Liberal |
| | 2001–2003 |  | | Independent |
| 38th | 2003–2007 |  | Madeleine Meilleur | Liberal |
| 39th | 2007–2011 | | | |
| 40th | 2011–2014 | | | |
| 41st | 2014–2016 | | | |
| | 2016–2018 | | Nathalie Des Rosiers | |
| 42nd | | | 2018–2019 | |
| | 2020–present | | Lucille Collard | |

1 In 1938, the title of members of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario was changed from "Members of the Legislative Assembly" (MLAs) to "Members of Provincial Parliament" (MPPs).

## Election results

| 2022 Ontario general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
|  | Liberal | Lucille Collard | 16,132 | 41.71 | 10.51 | $80,016 |
|  | New Democratic | Lyra Evans | 10,026 | 25.93 | +0.68 | $54,961 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Patrick Mayangi | 7,798 | 20.16 | +8.47 | $22,402 |
|  | Green | Christian Proulx | 3,019 | 7.81 | 0.77 | $9,017 |
|  | Ontario Party | Eric Armstrong-Giroux | 587 | 1.52 |  | $506 |
|  | New Blue | Michael Pastien | 400 | 1.03 |  | $1,737 |
|  | Libertarian | Coreen Corcoran | 335 | 0.87 | +0.22 | $786 |
|  | None of the Above | Blake Hamilton | 210 | 0.54 | +0.06 | $565 |
|  | Freedom | David McGruer | 166 | 0.43 |  | $0 |
| Total valid votes/Expense limit | | | 38,673 | 99.32 | -0.13 | $142,255 |
| Total rejected, unmarked, and declined ballots | | | 263 | 0.68 | +0.13 |
| Turnout | | | 38,936 | 39.42 | +19.53 |
| Eligible voters | | | 101,657 |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing | | 5.60 |
| Source(s) * "Summary of Valid Votes Cast for Each Candidate" (PDF). Elections Ontario. 2022. Archived from the original on 2023-05-18. * "Statistical Summary by Electoral District" (PDF). Elections Ontario. 2022. Archived from the original on 2023-05-21. | | | | | | |

| Ontario provincial by-election, February 27, 2020
Resignation of Nathalie Des Rosiers | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Liberal | Lucille Collard | 10,404 | 52.22 | +9.36 |
|  | New Democratic | Myriam Djilane | 5,031 | 25.25 | -4.42 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Patrick Mayangi | 2,329 | 11.69 | -9.69 |
|  | Green | Benjamin Koczwarski | 1,709 | 8.58 | +4.50 |
|  | Independent | Julie Fiala | 188 | 0.94 |  |
|  | Libertarian | Ken Lewis | 129 | 0.65 | -0.04 |
|  | None of the Above | Above Znoneofthe | 95 | 0.48 | -0.38 |
|  | Ontario Alliance | J. Justin O'Donnell | 38 | 0.19 |  |
| Total valid votes | | | 19,923 | 99.45% |
| Total declined, rejected and unmarked ballots | | | 110 | 0.55% |
| Turnout | | |  | 19.89 | -27.33 |
| Eligible voters | | | 100,190 |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing | | +6.89 |

| 2018 Ontario general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Liberal | Nathalie Des Rosiers | 20,555 | 42.86 | −6.33 |
|  | New Democratic | Lyra Evans | 14,232 | 29.68 | +15.03 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Fadi Nemr | 10,252 | 21.38 | −8.34 |
|  | Green | Sheilagh McLean | 1,955 | 4.08 | +0.82 |
|  | None of the Above | Keegan Bennett | 413 | 0.86 | +0.32 |
|  | Libertarian | Ken Lewis | 332 | 0.69 | +0.11 |
|  | Freedom | David McGruer | 219 | 0.46 | +0.29 |
| Total valid votes | | | 47,958 | 98.80 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 581 | 1.20 | +0.70 |
| Turnout | | | 48,539 | 51.47 | +14.10 |
| Eligible voters | | | 94,298 |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing | | -10.68 |
| Source: Elections Ontario | | | | | | |

| Ontario provincial by-election, November 17, 2016
Resignation of Madeleine Meilleur | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Liberal | Nathalie Des Rosiers | 14,979 | 49.19 | -6.37 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | André Marin | 9,051 | 29.72 | +7.43 |
|  | New Democratic | Claude Bisson | 4,459 | 14.64 | +1.33 |
|  | Green | Raphaël Morin | 993 | 3.26 | -4.75 |
|  | Stop the New Sex-Ed Agenda | Elizabeth de Viel Castel | 384 | 1.26 |  |
|  | Libertarian | Dean T. Harris | 177 | 0.58 | -0.26 |
|  | None of the Above | Above Znoneofthe | 164 | 0.54 |  |
|  | Canadian Constituents' | Stephanie McEvoy | 74 | 0.24 |  |
|  | People's Political Party | Kevin Clarke | 73 | 0.24 |  |
|  | Freedom | David McGruer | 52 | 0.17 |  |
|  | Pauper | John Turmel | 48 | 0.16 |  |
| Total valid votes | | | 30,454 | 99.50 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 153 | 0.50 | -0.80 |
| Turnout | | | 30,607 | 37.36 | -11.49 |
| Eligible voters | | | 81,902 |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing | | -6.90 |
| Source(s) Elections Ontario | | | | | | |

| 2014 Ontario general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Liberal | Madeleine Meilleur | 21,810 | 55.55 | +4.04 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Martin Forget | 8,750 | 22.29 | -1.16 |
|  | New Democratic | Hervé Ngamby | 5,228 | 13.32 | -6.29 |
|  | Green | Dave Bagler | 3,144 | 8.01 | +3.49 |
|  | Libertarian | Phillip Richard | 329 | 0.84 |  |
| Total valid votes | | | 39,261 | 98.70 |
| Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots | | | 517 | 1.30 | +0.88 |
| Turnout | | | 39,778 | 48.86 | +2.05 |
| Eligible voters | | | 81,412 |  |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing | | +2.60 |
| Source(s) "Valid Votes Cast for Each Candidate" (PDF). Elections Ontario. 2016. Retrieved 21 June 2016. | | | | | | |

| 2011 Ontario general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
|  | Liberal | Madeleine Meilleur | 19,619 | 51.51 | +0.55 | $ 52,761.46 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Fred Sherman | 8,929 | 23.44 | +1.14 | 46,634.99 |
|  | New Democratic | Paul Étienne Laliberté-Tipple | 7,466 | 19.60 | +4.89 | 26,579.32 |
|  | Green | Dave Bagler | 1,719 | 4.51 | −5.93 | 28,290.65 |
|  | Family Coalition | Emmanuel Houle | 352 | 0.92 | −0.04 | 3,081.81 |
| Total valid votes / expense limit | | | 38,085 | 99.58 |  | $ 97,305.11 |
| Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots | | | 161 | 0.42 | −0.24 |
| Turnout | | | 38,246 | 46.81 | −4.69 |
| Eligible voters | | | 81,712 |  |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing | | −0.30 |
| Source(s) "Summary of Valid Votes Cast for Each Candidate – October 6, 2011 General Election" (PDF).  ---  "Statistical Summary – General Elections 2011" ( XLS Spreadsheet (71KB)). Elections Ontario.  ---  "2011 Candidate Campaign Returns (CR-1)". Retrieved May 31, 2014. | | | | | | |

| 2007 Ontario general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
|  | Liberal | Madeleine Meilleur | 20,954 | 50.96 | −1.16 | $ 67,322.66 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Bruce Poulin | 9,169 | 22.30 | −3.87 | 46,691.00 |
|  | New Democratic | Ric Dagenais | 6,049 | 14.71 | −1.41 | 38,228.43 |
|  | Green | Leonard Poole | 4,293 | 10.44 | +4.86 | 10,062.52 |
|  | Family Coalition | Frank Cioppa | 396 | 0.96 |  | 1,599.17 |
|  | Independent | Robert Larter | 255 | 0.62 |  | 0.00 |
| Total valid votes/expense limit | | | 41,116 | 99.34 |  | $ 86,807.16 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 274 | 0.66 |  |
| Turnout | | | 41,390 | 51.49 |  |
| Eligible voters | | | 80,377 |  |  |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing | | +1.36 |
| Source(s) "Summary of Valid Votes Cast for Each Candidate – October 10, 2007 General Election" (PDF).  ---  "Statistical Summary – General Election 2007" (PDF). Elections Ontario.  ---  "2007 Candidate Campaign Returns (CR-1)". Retrieved May 31, 2014. | | | | | | |

^ Change is from redistributed results.

| 2003 general election redistributed results | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Vote | % |
|  | Liberal | 19,271 | 52.12 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | 9,676 | 26.17 |
|  | New Democratic | 5,962 | 16.13 |
|  | Green | 2,063 | 5.58 |

| 2003 Ontario general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
|  | Liberal | Madeleine Meilleur | 22,188 | 53.53 | +0.50 | $ 56,519.01 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Maurice Lamirande | 10,878 | 26.24 | −5.57 | 25,275.00 |
|  | New Democratic | Joseph Zebrowski | 6,507 | 15.70 | +5.19 | 21,295.58 |
|  | Green | Raphael Thierrin | 1,876 | 4.53 | +2.12 | 591.94 |
| Total valid votes/expense limit | | | 41,449 | 99.05 | +4.62 | $ 79,080.96 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 399 | 0.95 | −0.04 |
| Turnout | | | 41,848 | 50.80 | +1.68 |
| Eligible voters | | | 82,376 |  | +1.12 |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing | | +3.04 |
| Source(s) "General Election of October 2, 2003 – Summary of Valid Ballots by Candidate". Elections Ontario.  ---  "General Election of October 2, 2003 – Statistical Summary". Retrieved May 31, 2014.  ---  "2003 Candidate and Constituency Associations – Candidate Campaign Return (CR-1)". | | | | | | |

| 1999 Ontario general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
|  | Liberal | Claudette Boyer | 21,009 | 53.03 | −3.91 | $ 29,251.18 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Maurice Lamirande | 12,605 | 31.81 | +10.64 | 26,664.80 |
|  | New Democratic | David Gagnon | 4,163 | 10.51 | −8.49 | 19,834.85 |
|  | Green | Richard Briggs | 953 | 2.41 | +1.09 | 0.00 |
|  | Natural Law | Pierrette Blondin | 580 | 1.46 | +0.43 | 0.00 |
|  | Independent | Kevin Corkill | 310 | 0.78 |  | 49.11 |
| Total valid votes/expense limit | | | 39,620 | 99.01 | +56.27 | $ 78,205.44 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 395 | 0.99 | −0.30 |
| Turnout | | | 40,015 | 49.12 | −4.09 |
| Eligible voters | | | 81,464 |  | +68.76 |
| Source(s) "General Election of June 3 1999 – Summary of Valid Ballots by Candidate". Retrieved May 31, 2014.  ---  "General Election of June 3 1999 – Statistical Summary". Elections Ontario.  ---  "1999 Candidate and Constituency Associations – Candidate Campaign Return (CR-1)". | | | | | | |

| 1995 Ontario general election: Ottawa East | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
|  | Liberal | Bernard Grandmaître | 14,436 | 56.94 | −5.47 | $ 19,824.52 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Cynthia Bled | 5,368 | 21.17 | +12.77 | 28,483.15 |
|  | New Democratic | David Dyment | 4,818 | 19.00 | −4.27 | 17,425.03 |
|  | Green | Larry Tyldsley | 335 | 1.32 | −1.44 | 524.72 |
|  | Natural Law | Robert Mayer | 261 | 1.03 |  | 0.00 |
|  | Independent | Steven White | 136 | 0.54 |  | 0.00 |
| Total valid votes/expense limit | | | 25,354 | 98.71 |  | $ 45,818.00 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 331 | 1.29 | +0.07 |
| Turnout | | | 25,685 | 53.21 | -2.02 |
| Eligible voters | | | 48,272 |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing | | -9.12 |
| Source(s) "General Election of June 8 1995 – Summary of Valid Ballots by Candidate". Retrieved May 31, 2014.  ---  "General Election of June 8 1995 – Statistical Summary". Elections Ontario.  ---  "1995 Details of Candidate Income and Expenses" (3.16MB). & "1995 Summary of Income and Campaign Expenses" ( Word'95 .doc files (146KB)). | | | | | | |

| 1990 Ontario general election: Ottawa East | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Liberal | Bernard Grandmaître | 16,363 | 62.41 | −11.85 |
|  | New Democratic | Lori Lucier | 6,103 | 23.28 | +7.07 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Diana Morin | 2,203 | 8.40 | −1.13 |
|  | Family Coalition | Richard Hudon | 826 | 3.15 |  |
|  | Green | Frank de Jong | 723 | 2.76 |  |
| Total valid votes | | | 26,218 | 98.78 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 324 | 1.22 |
| Turnout | | | 26,542 | 55.23 |
| Eligible voters | | | 48,055 |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing | | -9.46 |

| 1987 Ontario general election: Ottawa East | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Liberal | Bernard Grandmaître | 18,959 | 74.26 | +5.86 |
|  | New Democratic | Alex Connelly | 4,137 | 16.20 | −2.40 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Corinne Price | 2,435 | 9.54 | −1.03 |
| Total valid votes | | | 25,531 | 100.0 | +19.60 |

| 1985 Ontario general election: Ottawa East | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Liberal | Bernard Grandmaître | 14,601 | 68.40 | +0.03 |
|  | New Democratic | Kathryn Barnard | 3,971 | 18.60 | +5.1 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Paul St. Georges | 2,257 | 10.57 | −6.48 |
|  | Independent | Serge Girard | 518 | 2.43 | +1.35 |
| Total valid votes | | | 21,347 | 100.0 | +88.23 |

| Ontario provincial by-election, December 13, 1984: Ottawa East
Resignation of Albert J. Roy | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Liberal | Bernard Grandmaître | 7,754 | 68.37 | −0.85 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Richard Boudreau | 1,934 | 17.05 | −3.58 |
|  | New Democratic | Jean Gilbert | 1,531 | 13.50 | +4.22 |
|  | Independent | Serge Girard | 122 | 1.08 | +0.21 |
| Total valid votes | | | 11,341 | 100.0 | −44.74 |

| 1981 Ontario general election: Ottawa East | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Liberal | Albert J. Roy | 14,207 | 69.22 | +1.78 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Omar Deslauriers | 4,235 | 20.63 | +3.39 |
|  | New Democratic | Danielle Page | 1,905 | 9.28 | −6.04 |
|  | Independent | Serge Girard | 177 | 0.86 |  |
| Total valid votes | | | 20,524 | 100.0 | −12.75 |

| 1977 Ontario general election: Ottawa East | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Liberal | Albert J. Roy | 15,864 | 67.44 | +6.48 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Gisèle Lalonde | 4,055 | 17.24 | -3.22 |
|  | New Democratic | Robert Choquette | 3,605 | 15.32 | -3.26 |
| Total valid votes | | | 23,524 | 100.00 |

| 1975 Ontario general election: Ottawa East | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Liberal | Albert J. Roy | 14,900 | 60.96 | +8.44 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | David Dehler | 5,001 | 20.46 | -7.19 |
|  | New Democratic | Robert Cournoyer | 4,543 | 18.59 | +1.17 |
| Total valid votes | | | 24,444 | 100.00 |

| 1971 Ontario general election: Ottawa East | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Liberal | Albert J. Roy | 10,827 | 52.52 | +6.15 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Jules Morin | 5,700 | 27.65 | -18.79 |
|  | New Democratic | Denis Deneau | 3,590 | 17.41 | +10.22 |
|  | Independent | Richard Morin | 499 | 2.42 |  |
| Total valid votes | | | 20,616 | 100.00 |

| 1967 Ontario general election: Ottawa East | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Jules Morin | 8,155 | 46.44 |
|  | Liberal | Horace Racine | 8,143 | 46.37 |
|  | New Democratic | Frederick R. Cote | 1,263 | 7.19 |
| Total valid votes | | | 17,561 | 100.00 |

1933-1966Ottawa Ward, By Ward, Rideau Ward, St. George's Ward, Riverdale Ward (east of Main Street), Victoria Ward (east of Parkdale Avenue)

| 1963 Ontario general election: Ottawa East | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Liberal | Horace Racine | 8,814 | 50.87 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Jules Morin | 7,461 | 44.06 |
|  | New Democratic | Harry Pope | 857 | 5.06 |
| Total valid votes | | | 16,932 | 100.00 |

| 1959 Ontario general election: Ottawa East | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Jules Morin | 7,965 | 49.27 |
|  | Liberal | Paul Leduc | 7,652 | 47.34 |
|  | Co-operative Commonwealth | Donald F. Prot | 548 | 3.39 |
| Total valid votes | | | 16,165 | 100.00 |

| 1955 Ontario general election: Ottawa East | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Jules Morin | 8,688 | 51.32 |
|  | Liberal | Aurèle Chartrand | 7,586 | 44.81 |
|  | Co-operative Commonwealth | Henri Robert | 654 | 3.86 |
| Total valid votes | | | 16,928 | 100.00 |

| 1951 Ontario general election: Ottawa East | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Liberal | Aurèle Chartrand | 10,722 | 50.08 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Henri St. Jacques | 8,447 | 39.45 |
|  | Co-operative Commonwealth | Henri Robert | 2,242 | 10.47 |
| Total valid votes | | | 21,411 | 100.00 |

| 1948 Ontario general election: Ottawa East | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Liberal | Aurèle Chartrand | 9,407 | 45.83 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Lorenzo Lafleur | 7,777 | 37.88 |
|  | Co-operative Commonwealth | Henri Robert | 2,857 | 13.93 |
|  | Union of Electors | Patrice Brunet | 485 | 2.36 |
| Total valid votes | | | 20,528 | 100.00 |

| 1945 Ontario general election: Ottawa East | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Liberal | Aurèle Chartrand | 10,725 | 42.36 |
|  | Liberal | A. Vincent | 6,017 | 23.77 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | C. A. McDonald | 5,287 | 20.88 |
|  | Co-operative Commonwealth | A. A. Marchand | 2,234 | 8.82 |
|  | Independent | J. C. Beauchamp | 464 | 1.83 |
|  | Independent | M. Feller | 342 | 1.35 |
|  | Social Credit | A. Denomme | 247 | 0.98 |
| Total valid votes | | | 25,316 | 100.00 |

| 1943 Ontario general election: Ottawa East | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Liberal | Robert Laurier | 11,004 | 74.70 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | James A. Cornier | 2,811 | 19.08 |
|  | Independent | Max Feller | 916 | 6.22 |
| Total valid votes | | | 14,731 | 100.00 |

| Ontario provincial by-election, 1940: Ottawa East | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Liberal | Robert Laurier | 10,193 | 91.43 |
|  | Social Credit | M. Alexandre Denomme | 625 | 5.61 |
|  | Independent Liberal | Aldege Scott | 331 | 2.97 |
| Total valid votes | | | 11,149 | 100.00 |

| 1937 Ontario general election: Ottawa East | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Liberal | Paul Leduc | 16,920 | 79.65 |
|  | Conservative | M. Nelson J. Lacasse | 3,786 | 17.82 |
|  | Social Credit | M. Alexandre Denomme | 538 | 2.53 |
| Total valid votes | | | 21,244 | 100.00 |

| 1934 Ontario general election: Ottawa East | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Liberal | Paul Leduc | 10,315 | 43.37 |
|  | Conservative | Eugene J. Labelle | 7,275 | 30.59 |
|  | Independent Liberal | Joseph Albert Pinard | 6,116 | 25.71 |
|  | Independent Liberal | Aurelian Rose | 79 | 0.33 |
| Total valid votes | | | 23,785 | 100.00 |

1908-1933Ottawa Ward, By Ward, Rideau Ward, St. George's Ward

| 1929 Ontario general election: Ottawa East | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Conservative | Louis Côté | 7,813 | 57.72 |
|  | Liberal | Joseph Albert Pinard | 5,724 | 42.28 |
| Total valid votes | | | 13,537 | 100.00 |

| 1926 Ontario general election: Ottawa East | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Independent Liberal | Joseph Albert Pinard | 5,195 | 43.86 |
|  | Conservative | Moses Doctor | 4,777 | 40.33 |
|  | Independent Conservative | Eugene J. Labelle | 1,872 | 15.81 |
| Total valid votes | | | 11,844 | 100.00 |

| 1923 Ontario general election: Ottawa East | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Liberal | Joseph Albert Pinard | 4,635 | 59.35 |
|  | Liberal | J. Wilfred Gauvreau | 3,175 | 40.65 |
| Total valid votes | | | 7,810 | 100.00 |

| 1919 Ontario general election: Ottawa East | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Liberal | Joseph Albert Pinard | 7,309 | 63.57 |
|  | Labour | Videle Lafontaine | 2,878 | 25.03 |
|  | Conservative | Olivier Durocher | 1,311 | 11.40 |
| Total valid votes | | | 11,498 | 100.00 |

| 1914 Ontario general election: Ottawa East | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Liberal | Joseph Albert Pinard | 2,842 | 53.74 |
|  | Conservative | Napoléon Champagne | 1,978 | 37.41 |
|  | Independent Liberal | John G. Kilt | 468 | 8.85 |
| Total valid votes | | | 5,288 | 100.00 |

| 1911 Ontario general election: Ottawa East | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Conservative | Napoléon Champagne | 2,842 | 64.46 |
|  | Liberal | Louis J. Kehoe | 1,567 | 35.54 |
| Total valid votes | | | 4,409 | 100.00 |

| 1908 Ontario general election: Ottawa East | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Liberal | Donald Joseph McDougal | 2,798 | 54.54 |
|  | Conservative | Napoléon Champagne | 2,332 | 45.46 |
| Total valid votes | | | 5,130 | 100.00 |

## 2007 electoral reform referendum

| 2007 Ontario electoral reform referendum | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Side | | Votes | % |
|  | **First Past the Post** | **24,562** | **61.12** |
|  | Mixed Member Proportional | 15,624 | 38.88 |
| Total | | 40,186 |  |

## InfoBox

Ottawa—Vanier
| Ontario electoral district | |
| --- | --- |
| Ottawa—Vanier in relation to other Ottawa electoral districts | |
| Provincial electoral district | |
| Legislature | Legislative Assembly of Ontario |
| MPP |
     Lucille Collard
Liberal |
| District created | 1908 |
| First contested | 1908 |
| Last contested | 2022 |
| Demographics | |
| Population (2016) | 111,510 |
| Electors (2020) | 100,716 |
| Area (km²) | 45 |
| Pop. density (per km²) | 2,478 |
| Census division(s) | Carleton County (1908-1969)
Ottawa-Carleton (1969-2001)
Ottawa (2001-present) |
| Census subdivision(s) | Ottawa
Eastview (1967-1969)
Vanier (1969-2001)
Rockcliffe Park (1999-2001)
Gloucester (1987-2001) |


title: Ottawa—Carleton (electoral district)

abstract: Ottawa–Carleton was a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1968 to 1988. This riding was created in 1966 from parts of Carleton, Ottawa East and Russell ridings. It initially consisted of the eastern parts of the city of Ottawa, the Village of Rockcliffe Park, the Township of Gloucester excluding Long Island, and the Township of Cumberland. In 1976, the city of Ottawa parts of the riding were redefined. The electoral district was abolished in 1987 when it was redistributed between Gloucester–Carleton, Ottawa South and Ottawa—Vanier ridings.

text:
# Ottawa—Carleton (electoral district)

**Ottawa–Carleton** was a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1968 to 1988. This riding was created in 1966 from parts of Carleton, Ottawa East and Russell ridings.

It initially consisted of the eastern parts of the city of Ottawa, the Village of Rockcliffe Park, the Township of Gloucester excluding Long Island, and the Township of Cumberland.

In 1976, the city of Ottawa parts of the riding were redefined.

The electoral district was abolished in 1987 when it was redistributed between Gloucester–Carleton, Ottawa South and Ottawa—Vanier ridings.

## Members of Parliament

This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

| Parliament | Years | Member | | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ***Riding created from* Carleton, Ottawa East *and* Russell** | | | | |
| 28th | 1968–1972 |  | John Turner | Liberal |
| 29th | 1972–1974 | | | |
| 30th | 1974–1976 | | | |
| | 1976–1979 |  | Jean Pigott | Progressive Conservative |
| 31st | 1979–1980 |  | Jean-Luc Pépin | Liberal |
| 32nd | 1980–1984 | | | |
| 33rd | 1984–1988 |  | Barry Turner | Progressive Conservative |
| ***Riding dissolved into* Gloucester—Carleton, Ottawa South<br>*and* Ottawa—Vanier** | | | | |

## Election results

| 1968 Canadian federal election | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Liberal | John Turner | 28,987 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Kenneth C. Binks | 11,665 |
|  | New Democratic Party | Harold B. Wilson | 3,115 |

| 1972 Canadian federal election | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Liberal | John Turner | 31,316 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Strome Galloway | 22,641 |
|  | New Democratic Party | Doris Shackleton | 11,225 |
|  | Social Credit | David Morse | 839 |

| 1974 Canadian federal election | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Liberal | John Turner | 38,463 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Bill Neville | 27,588 |
|  | New Democratic Party | Dave Hall | 6,014 |

| By-election: On Mr. Turner's resignation, 18 October 1976 | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Jean Pigott | 34,477 |
|  | Liberal | Henri L. Rocque | 18,796 |
|  | New Democratic Party | Steven W. Langdon | 12,777 |
|  | No affiliation | Stewart I. Crawford | 716 |
|  | Independent | Robert A. Leber | 602 |

| 1979 Canadian federal election | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Liberal | Jean-Luc Pépin | 33,972 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Jean Pigott | 26,972 |
|  | New Democratic Party | Jill Vickers | 8,234 |

| 1980 Canadian federal election | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Liberal | Jean-Luc Pépin | 34,960 |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Bert Lawrence | 22,384 |
|  | New Democratic Party | Don Francis | 7,788 |
|  | No affiliation | Oli Cosgrove | 235 |

| 1984 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Barry Turner | 34,693 |
|  | Liberal | Albert J. Roy | 30,747 |
|  | New Democratic | Vernon Lang | 10,760 |
|  | Rhinoceros | J.C. Reverent Hicks | 648 |
|  | Green | John W. Dodson | 341 |
|  | Independent | Mireille Landry-Kennedy | 281 |
|  | Commonwealth of Canada | Sylvain Labelle | 69 |

## InfoBox

Ottawa—Carleton
| Ontario electoral district | |
| --- | --- |
| Defunct federal electoral district | |
| Legislature | House of Commons |
| District created | 1966 |
| District abolished | 1987 |
| First contested | 1968 |
| Last contested | 1984 |


title: Outfoxed

abstract: Outfoxed: Rupert Murdoch's War on Journalism is a 2004 documentary film by filmmaker Robert Greenwald about Fox News Channel's and its owner's, Rupert Murdoch, promotion of conservative views. The film says this bias belies the channel's motto of being "Fair and Balanced". The documentary had a limited theatrical release, was distributed in DVD format by the political action committee MoveOn.org, and was sold online through Internet retailers such as Amazon.com. MoveOn.org had helped promote the DVD release by taking out a full-page advertisement in The New York Times. Following the release of Outfoxed, Greenwald and Brave New Films produced a related series of anti-Fox viral videos, collectively entitled Fox Attacks. In an interview, Greenwald stated his goal in making the film: "What we set out to do was to show that, in fact, the entire Fox News was not a news organization. The goal was not just to change that narrative but to change the impact that Fox News often had on legitimate journalists." Fox News criticized the film, saying that it constituted "illegal copyright infringement" for using clips of its shows and said that the film misrepresented the employment of four people identified as former Fox News employees.

text:
# Outfoxed

***Outfoxed: Rupert Murdoch's War on Journalism*** is a 2004 documentary film by filmmaker Robert Greenwald about Fox News Channel's and its owner's, Rupert Murdoch, promotion of conservative views. The film says this bias belies the channel's motto of being "Fair and Balanced".

The documentary had a limited theatrical release, was distributed in DVD format by the political action committee MoveOn.org, and was sold online through Internet retailers such as Amazon.com. MoveOn.org had helped promote the DVD release by taking out a full-page advertisement in *The New York Times*.

Following the release of *Outfoxed*, Greenwald and Brave New Films produced a related series of anti-Fox viral videos, collectively entitled *Fox Attacks*. In an interview, Greenwald stated his goal in making the film: "What we set out to do was to show that, in fact, the entire Fox News was not a news organization. The goal was not just to change that narrative but to change the impact that Fox News often had on legitimate journalists." Fox News criticized the film, saying that it constituted "illegal copyright infringement" for using clips of its shows and said that the film misrepresented the employment of four people identified as former Fox News employees.

## Synopsis

The film examines the global growth of Murdoch's media enterprise in the context of concentration of media ownership considerations, and evaluates the effect of having one person in control of a large media conglomerate on freedom of the press.

Some of *Outfoxed*'s coverage includes:

* Review of Fox News's coverage during the lead-up to, and the aftermath of, the 2003 invasion of Iraq.
* Interviews with former Fox News journalists, discussing incidents where Fox News allegedly pressured journalists to slant their reports towards support for the Republican Party.
* Instances where Fox News commentators such as Bill O'Reilly intimidate guests with whom they disagree, such as author and activist Jeremy Glick.
* Studies which claim more airtime and coverage is consistently given to Republican politicians, particularly those in the George W. Bush administration, than to Democrats.
* Examination of whether Fox News' premature result-calling of the 2000 presidential election contributed to George W. Bush officially being elected.
* Scrutiny of Fox News management, including Murdoch and president Roger Ailes, both conservatives, in allegedly controlling the network's content, and editorial control from Murdoch on down allegedly ensuring which stories and issues are covered and the strongly conservative perspective of such coverage.

Former Fox News journalists appear in the film critiquing the methods and perceived integrity of their former employer. Jon Du Pre, a former reporter for Fox News's West Coast bureau, said that he had been suspended by Fox News management because his live shots from the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library on Ronald Reagan's birthday — which Du Pre described was like a "holy day" to Fox News's hierarchy — were not "celebratory enough." A former Fox News military contributor, Larry C. Johnson, said that he was in high demand to give on-air analysis on the "War on Terrorism", until he called into question on *Hannity & Colmes* whether or not the United States could fight two wars (in Afghanistan and Iraq) simultaneously, an incident after which Johnson says he was ignored as a potential Fox News contributor.

## Participants

## Reception

*Outfoxed* received positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes the film has a score of 85% based on reviews from 60 critics.

Variety reviewer David Rooney wrote that the film "provides stimulating evidence of how thoroughly news can be skewed, political agendas served and a climate of fear created by a news net selling itself as an objective information service." He compares it favorably to Michael Moore's documentary *Fahrenheit 9/11*, adding that without the "media spotlight" that surrounded Moore's film, *Outfoxed* "appears unlikely to reach beyond a liberal audience with an already vehement aversion to Fox News' partisan coverage."

Howard Kurtz of *The Washington Post* praised Greenwald's uncovering of "...a handful of memos from a top Fox executive", which he argued suggested network bias over the war in Iraq and the investigation of the September 11 attacks. Kurtz was critical of how Greenwald's allegations relied on "orders, or attitudes, of an unnamed 'they'...", and was critical of the filmmaker for making "...no effort at fairness or balance himself."

In the *New York Post*, a newspaper owned by Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation, Megan Lehmann called the film a "narrowly focused, unapologetically partisan documentary" that "is so one-sided, it undermines its own integrity."

## Fox News' response

Fox News called the film "illegal copyright infringement" for its use of clips from Fox News Channel programs.

Fox News also said that the film misrepresented the employment of four people identified as former Fox News employees. Fox News said Alexander Kippen and Frank O'Donnell had actually been employees of WTTG, the Fox owned-and-operated station in Washington, D.C., and not employees of Fox News Channel. It said that Jon Du Pre, identified as a former anchor in the film, had actually been a reporter, and that his contract had not been renewed because he was "a weak field correspondent and could not do live shots." It said that Clara Frenk, identified as a former producer in the film, had actually been a "pool booker" who "expressed no concern about the editorial process" while employed there. Fox also pointed out that Frenk had been a volunteer for Bill Clinton's 1992 Presidential campaign.

Fox News challenged any news organization that thought this was a major story to "put out 100 percent of their editorial directions and internal memos \[and\] Fox News Channel will publish 100 percent of our editorial directions and internal memos, and let the public decide who is fair."

## InfoBox

| Outfoxed | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Robert Greenwald |
| Distributed by | MoveOn.org <br>Brave New Films |
| Release date | * July 13, 2004 (2004-07-13) |
| Running time | 78 minutes |
| Budget | US$200,000 |


title: Otto Quante

abstract: Otto Quante was a German painter. Quante initially studied ophthalmology. However, he gave up his practice in 1907 and dedicated himself to painting, where he became especially famous for his portrayals of the day-to-day lives of vagabonds. He studied art at the Malschule in Worpswede, the Badischen Landeskunstschule in Karlsruhe, and the Munich Art Academy.

text:
# Otto Quante

**Otto Quante** (2 April 1875 in Minden/Westphalen – 20 February 1947 in Naumburg/Saale) was a German painter.

Quante initially studied ophthalmology. However, he gave up his practice in 1907 and dedicated himself to painting, where he became especially famous for his portrayals of the day-to-day lives of vagabonds.

He studied art at the Malschule in Worpswede, the Badischen Landeskunstschule in Karlsruhe, and the Munich Art Academy.

## Famous works

* Frühlingstanz, (Springtime Dance)
* Fern vom Alltag, (Far from Everyday Life)
* Die Sorglosen, (The Carefree Ones)
* Im Frühling, (In the Spring)
* Die Lerche, (The Lark) L'Alouette


title: Ouled Boughalem

abstract: Ouled Boughalem is a town and commune in Mostaganem Province, Algeria. It is located in Achacha District. According to the 1998 census it has a population of 11,886.

text:
# Ouled Boughalem

**Ouled Boughalem** is a town and commune in Mostaganem Province, Algeria. It is located in Achacha District. According to the 1998 census it has a population of 11,886.

## InfoBox

| Ouled Boughalem ⴰⵝ ⵓⵖⴰⵍⴻⵎ | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune and town | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Ouled Boughalem | |
| Coordinates: 36°19′13″N 0°40′22″E / 36.320381°N 0.672884°E / 36.320381; 0.672884 | |
| Country | Algeria |
| Province | Mostaganem Province |
| District | Achacha District |
| Population (1998) | |
| Total | 11,886 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |


title: Ouled Bessem

abstract: Ouled Bessem is a town and commune in Tissemsilt Province in northern Algeria.

text:
# Ouled Bessem

**Ouled Bessem** is a town and commune in Tissemsilt Province in northern Algeria.

## InfoBox

| Ouled Bessem | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune and town | |
|  | |
| Ouled Bessem | |
| Coordinates: 35°41′N 1°52′E / 35.683°N 1.867°E / 35.683; 1.867 | |
| Country | Algeria |
| Province | Tissemsilt Province |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |


title: Ouled Bouhmed

abstract: Ouled Bouhmed is a village in the Boumerdès Province in Kabylie, Algeria.

text:
# Ouled Bouhmed

**Ouled Bouhmed** is a village in the Boumerdès Province in Kabylie, Algeria.

## Location

The village is surrounded by Keddache River and the towns of Thénia and Zemmouri in the *Khachna* mountain range.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Ouled Bouhmed | |
| --- | --- |
| Motto: أولاد بوحمد | |
| Coordinates: 36°46′30″N 3°35′24″E / 36.7750548°N 3.5898974°E / 36.7750548; 3.5898974 | |
| Commune | Zemmouri |
| District | Bordj Menaïel District |
| Province | Boumerdès Province |
| Region | Kabylie |
| Country | Algeria Algeria |
| Area | |
| Total | 6 km2 (2 sq mi) |
| Dimensions | |
| Length | 2 km (1 mi) |
| Width | 3 km (2 mi) |
| Elevation | 270 m (890 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 |
| Area code | 35012 |


abstract: The Oversight of the Oranga Tamariki System Act 2022 is a New Zealand Act of Parliament that establishes an Independent Children's Monitor to provide oversight over the country's Oranga Tamariki system, which provides services and support to children, young people, and their families under the provisions of the Oranga Tamariki Act 1989. The Bill was formerly part of the proposed "Oversight of the Oranga Tamariki System and Children and Young People's Commission Bill" until it was split into two separate pieces of legislation by the New Zealand Parliament on 11 August 2022. Together, the Oranga Tamariki Oversight Act and the companion Children and Young People's Commission Act 2022 replaced the Office of the Children's Commissioner, the independent national Children's ombudsman.

text:
# Oversight of Oranga Tamariki System Act 2022

The **Oversight of the Oranga Tamariki System Act 2022** is a New Zealand Act of Parliament that establishes an Independent Children's Monitor to provide oversight over the country's Oranga Tamariki system, which provides services and support to children, young people, and their families under the provisions of the Oranga Tamariki Act 1989. The Bill was formerly part of the proposed "Oversight of the Oranga Tamariki System and Children and Young People's Commission Bill" until it was split into two separate pieces of legislation by the New Zealand Parliament on 11 August 2022. Together, the Oranga Tamariki Oversight Act and the companion Children and Young People's Commission Act 2022 replaced the Office of the Children's Commissioner, the independent national Children's ombudsman.

## Key provisions

The Oversight of Oranga Tamariki Act 2022's key provisions include:

* Establishing the Independent Children's Monitor, who serves as the chief executive of the Independent Monitoring Agency of the Oranga Tamariki system.
* Specifies that the Monitor be independent of Oranga Tamariki (the Ministry for Children).
* Monitoring the Oranga Tamariki system to ensure that its support the rights, interests, and well-being of children, young people, and their families who are receiving or have previously received services or support through that system.
* Monitoring the Oranga Tamariki system to ensure compliance with the Oranga Tamariki Act 1989, national care regulation standards, and other regulations and standards associated with the Oranga Tamariki Act.
* The Monitor must set up a Māori Advisory Group to promote meaningful engagement with Māori people, hapū (sub-groups), iwi (tribes), and organisations.
* The Monitor must produce various reports including a State of the Oranga Tamariki system report every three years and annual reports on compliance with national care standards regulations and outcomes for Māori children, young people, and their families.
* Empowers the Monitor to authorise their employees and authorised staff members to enter premises for monitoring purposes.
* Regulates the Monitor's ability to collection information from children, young people, and their care givers.
* The Monitor does not have the power to review courts and tribunals.

## History

### Background

In November 2021, the Sixth Labour Government introduced the "Oversight of the Oranga Tamariki System and Children and Young People's Commission Bill" which proposed replacing the Office of the Children's Commissioner with a board consisting of between three and six people known as the "Children and Young People's Commission" that would focus on advocacy work. This bill was developed by the Minister of Social Development Carmel Sepuloni based on advice from Ministry for Social Development (MSD) officials. The Government also expressed its intentions to establish an Independent Children's Monitor within the Education Review Office to monitor Oranga Tamariki (the Ministry for Children), which would assume the Children's Commissioner's monitoring responsibilities. In addition, the Ombudsman's Office would also expand its portfolio to investigating complaints relating to children. The proposed law change was driven by the Government's concern that the Office of the Children's Commissioner's advocacy role would clash with its monitoring role.

### First reading

The Government's Oranga Tamariki Oversight Bill passed its first reading on 16 November 2021 by a margin of 108 to 12 votes. While the ruling Labour Party, opposition National Party, and the ACT Party supported the bill, it was opposed by the Green Party and the Māori Party. The bill was subsequently referred to the Social Services and Community select committee.

### Select committee stage

By 26 January 2022, the select committee had received 403 submissions from interested groups and individuals; with 311 opposing the bill and eight supporting the bill. While Labour supported the Oranga Tamariki System Oversight Bill, the National, ACT, and Green parties objected to the bill, citing the large number of opposing submissions and arguing that the Government should wait until the Royal Commission of Inquiry into Abuse in Care had concluded its hearings. On 13 June 2022, the select committee recommended the bill but specified several amendments including incorporating references to the Treaty of Waitangi, defining "care or custody providers," strengthening the independent monitor's role, and creating the position of Chief Children's Commissioner. In response, Children's Commissioner Judge Frances Eivers criticised the select committee for proceeding with the legislation without waiting for the Royal Commission to conclude its hearings, stating that "to pre-empt that work would be to make a mockery of those who were brave enough to tell their stories."

### Second reading

On 27 July 2022, the Oranga Tamariki Oversight Bill passed its second reading by a margin of 65 to 54. While Labour supported the legislation, it was opposed by the National, Green, ACT, and Māori parties.

### Committee of the whole house

On 11 August 2022, the Labour Government confirmed it would proceed with the Oranga Tamariki Oversight Bill despite opposition from the ACT, National, Green, and Māori parties. The National Party's child poverty and social development spokesperson Louise Upston stormed out of the debate in protest of the Government's stance on the legislation. Meanwhile, Logie argued for that the continuance of an independent children's ombudsmen in accordance with the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi. Social Development Minister Sepuloni rejected calls from other parties to slow progress on the Oranga Tamariki Oversight Bill, stating that the "Beattie Report" found that the Government needed to act on the issue urgently. Sepuloni also stated that the Government had consulted several children's advocacy groups including VOYCE Whakarongo Mai and adopted some of their recommendations. Following the "committee of the whole House" meeting held on 11 August, the legislation was split into two bills; namely the Oversight of Oranga Tamariki System Act 2022 and the Children and Young People's Commission Act 2022.

### Third reading

On 23 August, the Oversight of Oranga Tamariki System Bill and the Children and Young People's Commission Bill passed their third combined reading along party lines; with Labour in favour and National, ACT, Green and Māori parties opposed. In addition, Eivers, several children's advocates including Child Matters, Save the Children, and Social Justice Aotearoa, and the human rights organisations Amnesty International and the Human Rights Commission voiced opposition to the Government's reforms of the Oranga Tamariki oversight system.

## Public responses

In response to the Oranga Tamariki Oversight Bill, Save the Children advocacy and research director Jacqui Southey, "VOYCE – Whakarongo Mai" spokesperson Tupua Urlich, children's advocate Piwi Beard, former MSD policy analyst David King, former Oranga Tamariki employee Luke Fitzmaurice, and Children's Commissioner Eivers expressed concerns that the Government's proposed changes would reduce the office's ability to monitor the wellbeing of children and advocate for their interests. Similar opposition to the Bill was echoed by civil society groups such as Manaaki Rangatahi, Barnardos and the Child Poverty Action Group (CPAG), and Save the Children, who expressed concerns that the bill would endanger the well-being of abused and vulnerable children. In late July 2022, Save the Children presented a petition of over 10,000 people opposing the Bill's changes to the Children's Commissioner's role and claimed that the legislation could breach the UN Convention of the Rights of the Child.

On 2 August 2022, former public servant David King and Victoria University of Wellington emeritus Professor of Public Policy Jonathan Boston released a report entitled *Improving a System When Young Lives are at Stake.* The report argued that establishing the Independent Monitor of Oranga Tamariki as a government department undermined its ability to advocate independently for children and young people. King and Boston argued that the proposed Children and Young People's Commission should be responsible for monitoring, advocacy, and handling complaints. They also urged the Government to wait until the Royal Commission had finished its work before proceeding with the legislation. Following the report's release, ACT Children's Spokesperson Karen Chhour reiterated her opposition to the Bill, stating that the proposed changes would cause young people to lose their trust in the Oranga Tamariki system. Meanwhile, the Green Party's Children Spokesperson Jan Logie expressed concern that the proposed legislation breached the Treaty of Waitangi and the United Nations' Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

## Notes and references

## InfoBox

| Oversight of Oranga Tamariki System Act 2022 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| New Zealand Parliament | |
| Royal assent | 29 August 2022 |
| Legislative history | |
| Introduced by | Carmel Sepuloni |
| First reading | 16 November 2021 |
| Second reading | 27 July 2022 |
| Third reading | 23 August 2022 |
| Passed | 23 August 2022 |
| **Status:** Current legislation | |


title: Oxford Rifles

abstract: The Oxford Rifles were an infantry regiment of the Non-Permanent Active Militia of the Canadian Militia. In 1954, the regiment was amalgamated with The Canadian Fusiliers to form The London and Oxford Fusiliers.

text:
# Oxford Rifles

**The Oxford Rifles** were an infantry regiment of the Non-Permanent Active Militia of the Canadian Militia (now the Canadian Army). In 1954, the regiment was amalgamated with The Canadian Fusiliers (City of London Regiment) to form The London and Oxford Fusiliers (now the reserve battalion of the Royal Canadian Regiment).

## Lineage

* Originated on 14 August 1863, in Woodstock, Ontario, as the *22nd Battalion Volunteer Militia Rifles, Canada (The Oxford Rifles)*.
* Redesignated on 13 April 1866, as the *22nd Battalion The Oxford Rifles*.
* Redesignated on 8 May 1900, as the *22nd Regiment The Oxford Rifles*.
* Redesignated on 29 March 1920, as *The Oxford Rifles*.
* Redesignated on 18 March 1942, as the *2nd (Reserve) Battalion, The Oxford Rifles*.
* Redesignated on 1 June 1945, as *The Oxford Rifles*.
* Amalgamated on 1 October 1954, with The Canadian Fusiliers (City of London Regiment) (Machine Gun) and redesignated as *The London and Oxford Fusiliers (3rd Battalion, The Royal Canadian Regiment)*.

## Perpetuations

## History

### Early history

In its early days, the 1st Regiment of Oxford Militia in Oxford County served in the War of 1812. They saw action at:

The 1st Oxford Militia was commanded by Lt-Col. Henry Bostwick, with Major Sykes Tousley and Major William Brown. The company commanders were:

**1st Flank Company** \- Captain Marvil White, Lieutenants Joseph Baker, John Williams

**2nd Flank Company** \- Captain John Carroll, Lieutenant William Botsford

**Rifle Company** \- Captain Bla Brewster Brigham, Lieutenant Abner Owen

**Curtis's Company** \- Captain David Curtis, Lieutenant Jacob Yeigh

**Hall's Company** \- Captain Ichabod Hall, Lieutenant Daniel Brown

**Malcolm's Company** \- Captain John Malcolm, Lieutenant William Teeple

During the Upper Canada Rebellion of 1837, the Oxford Militia again saw action, most notably taking part in the *Caroline* affair.

With the passing of the Militia Act of 1855, the first of a number of newly-raised independent militia companies were established in and around the Oxford County-area of Canada West (now the Province of Ontario). These companies were:

* 1st Volunteer Militia Rifle Company of Woodstock - raised on 8 May 1856
* Embro Highland Rifle Company - raised on 22 January 1862
* Beachville Rifle Company - raised on 26 December 1862
* Wolverton Rifle Company - raised on 16 January 1863
* North Oxford Infantry Company - raised on 23 January 1863
* Princeton Rifle Company - raised on 23 January 1863

On 14 August 1863, the *22nd Battalion Volunteer Militia Rifles, Canada (The Oxford Rifles)* was authorized for service in Woodstock by the regimentation of six of these previously authorized independent rifle and infantry companies.

### Fenian Raids

In 1864, the 22nd Battalion Volunteer Militia Rifles, Canada (The Oxford Rifles) were called upon to provide two companies for border service in Canada East during the Fenian raids. On 1 June 1866, The 22nd Battalion The Oxford Rifles were called out on active service with all eight companies serving at Ridgeway, Fort Erie, Sarnia, and along the St. Clair frontier. On 22 June 1866, the battalion was stood down from active service.

### South African War

In 1899, the 22nd Battalion The Oxford Rifles provided a detachment of men for the 2nd (Special Service) Battalion, Royal Canadian Regiment for service in the South African War.

### Great War

On 6 August 1914, detachments of the 22nd Regiment The Oxford Rifles were placed on active service for local protection duties, guarding public works and buildings.

A large detachment of the regiment along with other detachments from the 24th Grey's Horse and the 7th Regiment Fusiliers went on to form the 1st Battalion (Ontario Regiment), CEF for service in the First Contingent of the Canadian Expeditionary Force.

On 1 April 1916, the *71st Battalion, CEF*, was authorized for service and embarked for the United Kingdom. After its arrival in the UK, the battalion provided reinforcements to the Canadian Corps in the field. On 30 September 1916, the battalion’s personnel were absorbed by the 44th Battalion (Manitoba), CEF, the 54th Battalion (Kootenay), CEF and the 74th Battalion, CEF. On 11 April 1918, the 71st Battalion, CEF was finally disbanded.

On 22 December 1915, the *168th Battalion (Oxfords), CEF* was authorized for service, and on 30 October 1916, the battalion embarked for the United Kingdom. On 4 January 1917, the battalion’s personnel were absorbed by the 4th and 6th Reserve Battalions, CEF, to provide reinforcements for the Canadian Corps in the field. On 4 April 1918, the 168th Battalion, CEF was disbanded.

Over 2,500 men from the Oxford Rifles would serve in CEF units from the start until the Armistice in 1918.

### 1920s–1930s

On 29 March 1920, as a result of the Otter Commission, the 22nd Regiment The Oxford Rifles were renamed as The Oxford Rifles. Its old regimental number was then taken by the new Permanent Force regiment, the Royal 22nd Regiment.

### Second World War

On 18 March 1942, The Oxford Rifles mobilized the 1st Battalion, The Oxford Rifles, CASF for active service. The battalion served in Canada in a home defence role on as part of the following units:

On 2 January 1945, the battalion embarked for Great Britain, where on 10 January 1945, it was disbanded to provide reinforcements for the First Canadian Army.

### Post war

Post war, The Oxford Rifles resumed their role as an infantry regiment in the Canadian Army Reserve.

On 1 October 1954, as a result on the Kennedy Report on the Reserve Army, The Oxford Rifles were amalgamated with The Canadian Fusiliers (City of London Regiment) to become *The London and Oxford Fusiliers (3rd Battalion, The Royal Canadian Regiment)* and subsequently became the reserve battalion of the RCR.

## Organization

### 22nd Battalion Volunteer Militia Rifles, Canada (The Oxford Rifles) (14 August 1863)

* No. 1 Company (Woodstock) (first raised on 8 May 1856 as *The 1st Volunteer Militia Rifle Company of Woodstock*).
* No. 2 Company (Highland) (Embro) (first raised on 22 January 1862 as the *Volunteer Highland Rifle Company*).
* No. 3 Company (Beachville) (first raised on 26 December 1862 as a *Volunteer Militia Company of Rifles*).
* No. 4 Company (Wolverton) (first raised on 16 January 1863 as a *Volunteer Militia Company of Rifles*).
* No. 5 Company (township of North Oxford) (first raised on 23 January 1863 as a *Volunteer Militia Company of Rifles*).
* No. 6 Company (Princeton) (first raised on 23 January 1863 as a *Volunteer Militia Company of Rifles*).

### The Oxford Rifles (29 March 1920)

* Regimental Headquarters (Woodstock)
* A Company (Woodstock)
* B Company (Woodstock)
* C Company (Woodstock)
* D Company (Ingersoll)

## Battle honours

## InfoBox

| The Oxford Rifles | |
| --- | --- |
| Active | 1863–1954 |
| Country | Canada |
| Branch |  |
| Type | Rifles |
| Role | Infantry |
| Size | One battalion |
| Part of |  |
| Garrison/HQ | Woodstock, Ontario |
| Engagements |  |
| Battle honours | See #Battle honours |


title: PBS Velká Bíteš

abstract: První brněnská strojírna Velká Bíteš, a. s. is a Czech engineering and manufacturing company. It focuses mainly on the development, testing, and production of devices for the aircraft industry. Together with PBS Energo, a.s.; PBS Brno, a.s. and PBS Aerospace Inc., PBS VB is a member of PBS GROUP, a.s.

text:
# PBS Velká Bíteš

**První brněnská strojírna Velká Bíteš, a. s.** ("First Brno Engineering Plant", known as PBS VB) is a Czech engineering and manufacturing company. It focuses mainly on the development, testing, and production of devices for the aircraft industry. Together with PBS Energo, a.s.; PBS Brno, a.s. and PBS Aerospace Inc., PBS VB is a member of PBS GROUP, a.s.

## History

The history of PBS VB has been closely related to the company PBS Brno, originally founded in 1814 by Jan Reiff, who established a textile mill near Brno. As the company was growing, new facilities were built. PBS VB was established in 1950 in Velká Bíteš, Czech Republic to support the industrial development of the region.

The first products produced in PBS VB were hammer drills and parts for mining and metallurgical pneumatic tools. In 1951 the production of fittings started.

Modernisation and extension of the production capacities connected with an investment casting hall construction were finished in 1970. At the same time, the company entered the aviation world by developing an auxiliary power unit for Aero L-39 Albatros aircraft.

After gaining experience in the technology of auxiliary power units and environmental control systems, in 2004 PBS VB expanded its product portfolio and included propulsion units – turbojet, turboshaft and turboprop engines for small manned or unmanned aircraft, UAVs and target drones.

PBS VB delivers its products globally and since the 1970s more than 7,000 pieces of turbine equipment for the aerospace industry have been manufactured by PBS VB in total.

## Organization

PBS VB is a member of the **PBS GROUP** composed of;

* **PBS Energo, a.s.** active in the power industry
* **PBS Brno, a.s.** providing services in relation to the construction of power generation and district heating units
* **PBS Aerospace Inc.**, a subsidiary of the PBS GROUP, is responsible for expanding the business activities in the field of aerospace technology, especially on the American markets
* **PBS Velká Bíteš, a. s.** a manufacturer of power units and other equipment in the field of aerospace

PBS VB has its headquarters in the Czech Republic with other locations in the USA and India.

The company is approved by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) holding the DOA (Design Organization), POA (Production Organization) and MOA (Maintenance Organization) approvals and is ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certified.

Among others, the PBS is a member of the DSIA (Defence and Security Industry Association Czech Republic) and ALV Czech Republic (Association of the Czech Aerospace Industry).

## Products and services

PBS VB specialises in the design and development of small jet engines for aircraft, UAVs and target drones; auxiliary power units and environmental control systems for aircraft and helicopters along with all the connected manufacturing processes including precision casting, hi-tech machining of metals and subsequent assembly of finished products.

Apart from aviation equipment, PBS VB offers products and services in areas of precision casting (turbine wheels, turbine blades, spinner disks for insulation wool and femoral components), cryogenic technology (helium expansion turbines, compressors and pumps) and electroplating services.

### Aerospace products

#### Turbojet engines

| Engine name | Max thrust | Outer diameter | Length | Weight |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **PBS TJ-20U** | 230 N | 121mm | 316mm | 1.98kg |
| **PBS TJ40-G1** | 395 N | 147mm | 304mm | 3.3kg |
| **PBS TJ40-G2** | 395 N | 147mm | 373mm | 3.8kg |
| **PBS TJ80-120** | 1,200 N | 235 mm | 514mm | 12.8kg |
| **PBS TJ100** | 1,300 N | 272mm | 625mm | 19.5kg |
| **PBS TJ150** | 1,500 N | 272mm | 520mm | 19.6kg |
| **AI-PBS-350** | 3400 N | 298mm | 706mm | 51kg |

#### Turboprop engines

* **PBS TP100** – Max. power: 180 kW, electrical power output: 720 W, length: 891 mm, weight: 61.6 kg

#### Turboshaft engines

* **PBS TS100ZA** – Max. power: 180 kW, 5978 rpm, electrical power output: 720 W, length: 829 mm, weight: 56.7 kg
* **PBS TS100DA** – Max. power: 180 kW, 2158 rpm, electrical power output: 720 W, length: 881 mm, weight: 61.3 kg

#### Auxiliary power units

* **SAFIR 5K/G MI** – power supply: 3x 115 V/200 V/ 400 Hz, max. bleed air: 28.3 kg/min, max. altitude: 6,000 m, weight: 64 kg. The unit is designed to deliver compressed air for starting the main engines and to supply AC to the deck network of medium heavy helicopters.
* **SAFIR 5K/G MIS** – power supply: 28 V DC, max. bleed air: 28.3 kg/min, max. altitude: 6,000 m, weight: 57 kg. The unit is designed to deliver compressed air for starting the main engines and to supply AC to the deck network of medium heavy helicopters.
* **SAFIR 5L** – max. bleed air: 32 kg/min, max. altitude: 8,000 m, weight: 42 kg. The unit is designed to supply compressed air for starting the main engines of subsonic light aircraft.
* **SAFIR 5K/G Z8 –** power supply: 3x 115 V/200 V/ 400 Hz, max. altitude: 6,000 m, weight: 48.5 kg. The unit is designed to supply AC for starting the main engines, as well as to the deck network of medium heavy helicopter.

#### Environmental control systems

All systems are designed for air-conditioning and ventilation of the main cockpit and other parts of the machine.

### Metallurgy and precision casting

PBS VB produces wheels, blades and components made predominantly from IN 713C, IN 713LC and MarM247, i.e. nickel and cobalt-based alloys:

**Turbine wheels** (weight: 0.15 – 44 kg, dimensions: ø50 - ø400 mm).

**Turbine blades** and **gas turbine segments** (weight: 0.1 – 30 kg, length: 50 – 400 mm).

**Spinner discs** for the production of glass wool-based insulation made from nickel-based superalloys 141I or 2.4879, or of Co alloys. Alloy 141I is a developed directly in PBS for the spinners with long life durability.

**Femoral components** (10 various types of cobalt-based knee replacements).

## InfoBox

První brněnská strojírna Velká Bíteš, a. s.
|
|  |
|
| Company type | Joint-stock company |
| Industry | mechanical engineering, aerospace, precision casting |
| Founded | 1950 |
| Headquarters | Velká Bíteš |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Key people | Milan Macholan, CEO |
| Products | Jet engines, Auxiliary power units, Environmental control systems; Precision casting, Cryogenic, Electroplating services |
| Number of employees | 800 |
| Parent | PBS Group, a.s. (100%) |
| Website | www.pbs.cz/en/ |