title: OR7A5

abstract: Olfactory receptor 7A5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR7A5 gene. Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms.

text:
# OR7A5

**Olfactory receptor 7A5** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *OR7A5* gene.

Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms.

## Further reading

*This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.*

## InfoBox

| OR7A5 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | OR7A5, HTPCR2, olfactory receptor family 7 subfamily A member 5 | | |
| External IDs | MGI: 1333808; HomoloGene: 133620; GeneCards: OR7A5; OMA:OR7A5 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_017506
NM\_001370480
NM\_001370481
NM\_001370482
NM\_001370483   NM\_147041   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_059976
NP\_001357409
NP\_001357410
NP\_001357411
NP\_001357412   NP\_667252   Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 14.83 – 14.84 Mb Chr 10: 78.86 – 78.87 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: North Pickens Airport

abstract: North Pickens Airport is a county-owned public-use airport in Pickens County, Alabama, United States. It is located one nautical mile north of the central business district of Reform, Alabama. The airport is included in the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation facility.

text:
# North Pickens Airport

**North Pickens Airport** (FAA LID: **3M8**) is a county-owned public-use airport in Pickens County, Alabama, United States. It is located one nautical mile (1.2 mi; 1.9 km) north of the central business district of Reform, Alabama. The airport is included in the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a *general aviation* facility.

## Facilities and aircraft

North Pickens Airport covers an area of 64 acres (26 ha) at an elevation of 237 feet (72 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 1/19 with an asphalt surface measuring 5,144 by 80 feet (1,568 by 24 m).

For the 12-month period ending November 2, 2009, the airport had 3,466 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 288 per month. At that time there were 11 aircraft based at this airport: 64% single-engine, 18% multi-engine and 18% jet.

1. FAA Airport Form 5010 for 3M8 PDF. Federal Aviation Administration. Effective 30 June 2011.
2. National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015: Appendix A (PDF, 2.03 MB). Federal Aviation Administration. Updated 4 October 2010.

## InfoBox

| North Pickens Airport | |
| --- | --- |
| NAIP aerial image, 2006 | |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public |
| Owner | Pickens County Commission |
| Serves | Pickens County, Alabama |
| Location | Reform, Alabama |
| Elevation AMSL | 237 ft / 72 m |
| Coordinates | 33°23′12″N 088°00′24″W / 33.38667°N 88.00667°W / 33.38667; -88.00667 |
| Map | |
| **3M8**Location of airport in Alabama**3M8****3M8** (the United States) | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  ft m  1/19 5,144 1,568 Asphalt | |
| Statistics (2009) | |
| Aircraft operations 3,466  Based aircraft 11 | |
| Source: Federal Aviation Administration | |


title: Trigonotylus

abstract: Trigonotylus is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are about 18 described species in Trigonotylus.

text:
# Trigonotylus

***Trigonotylus*** is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are about 18 described species in *Trigonotylus*.

## Species

* Thomas J. Henry, Richard C. Froeschner. (1988). *Catalog of the Heteroptera, True Bugs of Canada and the Continental United States*. Brill Academic Publishers.

## Further reading

* Arnett, Ross H. (2000). *American Insects: A Handbook of the Insects of America North of Mexico*. CRC Press.

## InfoBox

| *Trigonotylus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Trigonotylus caelestialium* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Family: | Miridae |
| Subfamily: | Mirinae |
| Tribe: | Stenodemini |
| Genus: | ***Trigonotylus***<br>Fieber, 1858 |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Callimiris*  Reuter, 1876 | |


title: Yitzchak Abadi

abstract: Yitzchak Abadi is an Orthodox Jewish Rabbi and Posek and a prominent leader of Orthodox Judaism in the United States and around the world.

text:
# Yitzchak Abadi

**Yitzchak Abadi** (born March 12, 1933) is an Orthodox Jewish Rabbi and Posek and a prominent leader of Orthodox Judaism in the United States and around the world.

## Early life

Yitzchak Abadi was born in Venezuela. He moved with his parents to Tiberias, Mandatory Palestine at age 2. As a child Abadi attended school in Haifa. His studies began in the Yishuv Hachdash in Tel Aviv, Israel and continued in Yeshivat Chevron in Jerusalem. At 19 years old, he was sent by the Chazon Ish to study in Montreux, Switzerland. A year later the Chazon Ish sent Abadi to study in Lakewood, New Jersey, under the famed Rabbi Aharon Kotler.

## Influence

Rabbi Abadi is a posek, and his students are rabbis across the globe. After Rav Kotler's death, Rabbi Abadi emerged as one of the leading poskim for the Lakewood community. Rabbi Abadi branched out on his own in 1980, opening a premiere halacha Kollel in Lakewood. In 1993, Rabbi Abadi transferred his Kollel to Har Nof, Jerusalem, where it continued to produce scholars trained to decide halachic questions touching on every aspect of Jewish law. Rabbi Abadi moved back to Lakewood in 2009.

## Notable decisions

Owing to his prominence as a posek, Rabbi Abadi is asked the most difficult questions, in which he issued a number of innovative and controversial decisions. For instance, his ruling that permits writing a sefer torah through a silk screen process, and a more recent ruling that wigs made with Indian hair may be used. Rav Abadi also composed a short version of Birkat Hamazon based on the Rambam and other Rishonim, if it is difficult for one to say the full version that is customary, one may say this version, even initially as a first choice.

## Works

* *Ohr Yitzchak* \- 2 Volumes
* *Booklet on Niddah Laws*
* *Birkat Hamazon Hakatzar* (based on the views of the Rambam and the other Rishonim)

* oheltorah.com A kashrut and halachah website by Rabbi Abadi's sons, including a Q&A forum answered "according to the opinions of their father, Rabbi Yitzchak Abadi."

## InfoBox

| RabbiYitzchak Abadi | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Title | Posek |
| Personal | |
| Born | Yitzchak Abadi
(1933-03-12) March 12, 1933
Venezuela |
| Religion | Judaism |
| Spouse | Chaya |
| Children | Chaim Yisrael, Nechama, Avraham, Aaron, Yehuda, Rivka |
| Denomination | HarediOrthodox Judaism |
| Occupation | Rabbi |
|  | |
| Position | Rosh Kollel |
| Yeshiva | Kollel Ohel Torah, Lakewood Township, New Jersey |
| Residence | Lakewood, New Jersey, USA |
|  | |


title: Mária Zakariás

abstract: Mária Zakariás is a Hungarian sprint canoer who competed from the mid-1970s to the early 1980s. She won a bronze medal in the K-2 500 m event at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. Zakariás also won three medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a silver and two bronzes.

text:
# Mária Zakariás

**Mária Zakariás** (born December 28, 1952) is a Hungarian sprint canoer who competed from the mid-1970s to the early 1980s. She won a bronze medal in the K-2 500 m event at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.

Zakariás also won three medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a silver (K-4 500 m: 1973) and two bronzes (K-2 500 m: 1974, K-4 500 m: 1975).

## InfoBox

Mária Zakariás
| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Women's canoe sprint | | |
| Olympic Games | | |
|  | 1980 Moscow | K-2 500 m |
| World Championships | | |
|  | 1973 Tampere | K-4 500 m |
|  | 1974 Mexico City | K-2 500 m |
|  | 1975 Belgrade | K-4 500 m |


title: Ylioppilaslehti

abstract: Ylioppilaslehti is a Finnish student magazine founded in 1913. It is the largest student paper or magazine in Finland with a circulation of 35,000 copies. In addition to affairs related to university studies, it covers areas such as culture and social issues.

text:
# Ylioppilaslehti

***Ylioppilaslehti*** (Finnish: lit. "Student newspaper") is a Finnish student magazine founded in 1913. It is the largest student paper or magazine in Finland with a circulation of 35,000 copies. In addition to affairs related to university studies, it covers areas such as culture and social issues.

## History

*Ylioppilaslehti* was launched in 1913. In the 1920s and 1930s, during which the student union of the university was in total control of the nationalistic Academic Karelia Society, the magazine often took a stance against the Swedish language and communism. In the post-war period the paper oriented towards supporting western democracy whilst becoming increasingly left-wing during the Cold War era. Pentti Saarikoski contributed to the magazine from 1959 to 1960.

The magazine is published by a private company *Ylioppilaslehden kustannus Oy* that is owned by the Student Union of the University of Helsinki.

## Notable editors


title: Yekaterina Samoylova

abstract: Yekaterina Samoylova was a Russian noble and lady-in-waiting to Catherine the Great. She was a leading figure of Saint Petersburg society and frequently mentioned in the literature, diaries and memoirs of the period. She was the daughter of prince Sergey Alekseyevich Trubetskoy and Yelena Nesvitskaya and in 1786 married General count Aleksandr Samoylov, nephew of Potemkin. In 1782 she became one of Empress Catherine the Great's ladies-in-waiting. During her stay with her spouse in Bender in 1787–91, she was rumoured to have had an affair with Potemkin. She was the role model of the capital's aristocracy, known for her love affairs — some of her children were not considered to have been her husband's — and for setting fashion trends.

text:
# Yekaterina Samoylova

**Yekaterina Samoylova** (2 October 1763– 21 February 1830) was a Russian noble and lady-in-waiting to Catherine the Great. She was a leading figure of Saint Petersburg society and frequently mentioned in the literature, diaries and memoirs of the period.

She was the daughter of prince Sergey Alekseyevich Trubetskoy and Yelena Nesvitskaya and in 1786 married General count Aleksandr Samoylov, nephew of Potemkin. In 1782 she became one of Empress Catherine the Great's ladies-in-waiting. During her stay with her spouse in Bender in 1787–91, she was rumoured to have had an affair with Potemkin. She was the role model of the capital's aristocracy, known for her love affairs — some of her children were not considered to have been her husband's — and for setting fashion trends.


title: Yonamine Chiru

abstract: Yonamine Chiru was an Okinawan martial artist in the 1800s and the wife of Matsumura Sōkon. Nicknamed Tsuru-San (“crane”) or Yonamine no Bushi Tsuru, she was well-regraded as an Okinawan sumo wrestler and considered a “tomboy” for her love of fighting. She may have had a hand in developing the Matsumura Orthodox version of the kata Seisan, which is said by the Takae-Ryu Karate-Do Association to allow women to fight with a baby on their backs. In addition to her studies of sumo wrestling and tegumi, she was known for her skills with weightlifting. She was the daughter of a wealthy business owner and she came from a prominent martial arts family, but she could not find a spouse because of her love of fighting. As she aged, her parents increasingly raised the dowry to marry her, but found few takers until Matsumura learned about her. While some legends describe a wrestling match between the two, Shōshin Nagamine writes that Matsumura took the more traditional route of asking her parents’ permission. They may have been married in 1818. After their marriage, Matsumura was worried about her habit of walking home alone at night, so he pretended to be a thief to scare her; however, she was able to put up a good match against her husband, without realizing it was her husband.

text:
# Yonamine Chiru

**Yonamine Chiru** was an Okinawan martial artist in the 1800s and the wife of Matsumura Sōkon. Nicknamed Tsuru-San (“crane”) or Yonamine no Bushi Tsuru (“Yonamine the crane warrior”), she was well-regraded as an Okinawan sumo wrestler and considered a “tomboy” for her love of fighting. She may have had a hand in developing the Matsumura Orthodox version of the kata Seisan, which is said by the Takae-Ryu Karate-Do Association to allow women to fight with a baby on their backs.

In addition to her studies of sumo wrestling and tegumi, she was known for her skills with weightlifting.

She was the daughter of a wealthy business owner and she came from a prominent martial arts family, but she could not find a spouse because of her love of fighting. As she aged, her parents increasingly raised the dowry to marry her, but found few takers until Matsumura learned about her. While some legends describe a wrestling match between the two, Shōshin Nagamine writes that Matsumura took the more traditional route of asking her parents’ permission. They may have been married in 1818.

After their marriage, Matsumura was worried about her habit of walking home alone at night, so he pretended to be a thief to scare her; however, she was able to put up a good match against her husband, without realizing it was her husband.


title: Yissachar Shlomo Teichtal

abstract: Yissachar Shlomo Teichtal was one of the few European rabbis to break ranks with Ashkenazi Orthodox Judaism to support an active effort to settle the Land of Israel, then part of Ottoman Palestine and later Mandatory Palestine. He was murdered on a transport train during the closing days of World War II.

text:
# Yissachar Shlomo Teichtal

**Yissachar Shlomo Teichtal** (1885–24 January 1945) was one of the few European rabbis to break ranks with Ashkenazi Orthodox Judaism to support an active effort to settle the Land of Israel, then part of Ottoman Palestine and later Mandatory Palestine. He was murdered on a transport train during the closing days of World War II.

## Early life

Yissachar Shlomo Teichtal was born in Hungary in 1885 from a family of well-known rabbis and Jewish leaders. His parents were Gittel and Yitzchak Teichtal. His father was a scholar, teacher, and a chasid of the Rebbe of Sanz. At thirteen years of age, Teichtal began his yeshiva study under Rabbi Shalom Weider who was the *av beit din* (town rabbi) of Nyíregyháza, Hungary. At age fifteen he moved to Żabno (now in Poland), where he was a student of Rabbi Shalom Unger.

Teichtal returned to Hungary and at the age of twenty-one he received rabbinic ordination (semichah) from the Rebbe of Talisheva. He received another ordination a year later from Rabbi Shmuel Rosenberg and a third ordination the same year from Rabbi Mordechai Leib Winkler. Teichtal first married Freidl Ginz when he was 19 years of age. When Freidl died at a young age, he married Nechamah Friedman.

In 1921 Teichtal became the *av beit din* and Rabbi of Pishtian, i.e. Piešťany, Czechoslovakia (present-day Slovakia), a city famous for its mineral baths. Remaining in Piešťany for 20 years, he established the Moriah yeshiva.

## World War II

Czechoslovakia was invaded in 1938 while Teichtal was still residing in Piešťany. As the Nazi oppression increased, he found himself along with ten other family members hiding at the local beit midrash (study hall). From his hiding place, he witnessed many atrocities, including the mass deportation of friends and neighbors.

The Chief Rabbi of Slovakia in Nitra sent messengers offering refuge for Teichtal and his family. In the month of Elul 1942, he and his family escaped into Hungary to go into hiding in Nitra. After much wandering, he finally ended up in Budapest, where he remained for nearly two years. In Budapest he completed his seminal work, *Eim HaBanim Semeicha*, after working on it for a little more than one year.

In 1944, Hungary was invaded by the Nazis. Thinking that Slovakia might be safe, the Teichtal family returned there to wait out the end of the war. When the Nazis stepped up their efforts to find remaining Jews, Teichtal and his family were captured and transported to Auschwitz.

## Death

As the Soviet army advanced through Poland in January 1945, Teichtal and his family were among the inmates of Auschwitz transported deeper into Germany. Teichtal died in a train on his way to the Mauthausen concentration camp on the 10th of Shevat, 5705 (January 24, 1945). The following quote is from Rabbi Chayim Menachem Teichtal, relating an account of his father's death on the train transport:

> After starving their victims for a number of days, the oppressors tossed each of them a meager crust of bread, with the evil intent of having them fight pathetically for their paltry allotment. Indeed, one of the Ukrainians grabbed the portion of a Jew – my father’s neighbor – who was desperate for this crust of bread. This angered my father, who demanded the return of the theft. The other travelers begged my father not to get involved, since it might cost him his life. But he said, “How can I stand by when the wronged man’s life depends on this food?” Indeed he insisted on taking a stand, and the Ukrainians, with the cooperation of the Nazi soldiers, rose against him and killed him, after torturing him mercilessly.

## Zionism

As a result of the Holocaust, Teichtal changed his position on Land of Israel, as he struggled to make meaning out of what was happening around him. His carefully constructed arguments are outlined in his book *Eim HaBanim Semeicha*, penned during his wanderings in hiding from his Nazi oppressors and their collaborators. In that work, first published in 1943, he makes a case for the rebuilding of the Land of Israel bringing about the ultimate redemption His original view had been that of the majority in the Hungarian Orthodox Jewish world at the time, which discouraged an active movement for a return of Jews to the Land of Israel. The prevalent view at that time was that God would bring about a return without the need of human intervention. The Holocaust caused him to re-think this approach, and he came to the conclusion that the reason the Jewish people had not been redeemed was because they had not returned to their homeland, the Land of Israel, to resettle and rebuild it to its former glory.

## Legacy

Teichtal wrote other works besides *Eim HaBanim Semeicha*, in particular, a book of responsa entitled *Mishneh Sochir*. He was a prolific writer, and miraculously a number of his other works survived both his murder and the Holocaust. Some works are still in manuscript form and have not yet been published. The Mishneh Sachir Center located in Bnei Brak, Israel is an advanced Talmudic learning academy named in Teichtal's memory, carrying on his work and preserving his legacy. Teichtal's sermons for the festivals and his Torah commentary were published in 2011 and 2015 respectively, also with the title *Mishneh Sochir*.

Lately, Isaac Hershkowitz has completed a comprehensive study on Teichtal's works. He demonstrated that some of Teichtal's ideological changes that had been attributed to the war had indeed occurred even earlier – in the early 1930s. This metamorphosis is reflected both in his views and even more significantly in his *halakhic* methodology.

Moreover, by means of examining the dates of various parts of *Eim Habanim Semeichah*, and by analyzing Teichtal's ideological stances during the various stages of his compilation, it becomes clear that the book does not present a clear-cut stand on any of the basic issues of Religious Zionism's conceptions, as well as Orthodoxy's beliefs. Moreover, Teichtal's doctrines are filled with retractions and contradictions, and his positions swing from Hungarian Orthodoxy to Religious Zionist thought.

In the earlier stages of *Eim HaBanim Semeicha*, Teichtal spoke more of the importance of the Land of Israel and its building as a crucial stage of the Redemption, in order to stimulate significant down-to-earth developments. However, in the latter parts of his book, he granted theological and mystical value to indexes measuring inner unity in the Jewish nation, thus protesting actively against the creators of the Orthodox-Neolog schism in Hungarian Jewry.

Hershkowitz argues that *Eim HaBanim Semeicha* should be analyzed as a dialectical compilation, and not as a canonical work. Accordingly, it is not meant to outline a world with only one meaning, and consequently, Teichtal is not obligated to explain each division. The objective of the compilation is to float fundamental issues of nationalism and derivative ideas such as the link between God and Israel during the Redemption, the nature of Redemption, and methods of its implementation. Teichtal wanted to include within his book the boundaries various implications arising from an open discussion, and not to dictate only one world view. Thus, he did not attempt to obscure this tension; on the contrary, he gave it expression in various ways.

The essence of *Eim HaBanim Semeicha*, and of the other shifts in Teichtal's religious concepts ever since the rise of the Nazi regime, is affixed to his ability to express harsh criticism of those rabbinic personalities who had shaped his own world, as well as the entire world of Hungarian Orthodoxy for close to eighty years, and publicly criticize the schism within Hungarian Jewish communities in addition to Orthodoxy's shirking of a vision of Redemption.

Rabbi Eli Kavon, while talking about his legacy, said, "His life and death – are a testament to the vibrancy and relevance of the ideas and theology of ultra-Orthodox Jewish rabbis who were murdered by the Nazis and their collaborators during the devastating events of 70 years ago."

## Further reading

* *Eim Habanim Semeichah: on Eretz Yisrael, Redemption, and Unity*, by Harav Yisachar Shlomo Teichtal published 2000 by Kol Mevaser Publications, Israel. Translated by Moshe Lichtman.
* *Theology after the Shoah: The Transformation of the Core Paradigm*, by Irving Greenberg; (2006) Modern Judaism, Volume 26, Number 3, pp. 213–239
* *Faith, Ethics and the Holocaust: Some Personal Theological and Religious Responses to the Holocaust* by Immanuel Jakobovits; (1988) Holocaust and Genocide Studies; Volume 3: pp. 371–381


title: Nikola Katic

abstract: Nikola Katic is a former Croatian footballer who currently is the assistant head coach for Pittsburgh Riverhounds SC in the USL.

text:
# Nikola Katic

**Nikola Katic** (born June 1, 1986 in Makarska) is a former Croatian footballer who currently is the assistant head coach for Pittsburgh Riverhounds SC in the USL.

## Career

### College

Katic came to the United States from his native Croatia in 2005 to attend Illinois Central College, where he majored in marketing and was a two year starter and captain. In 2006, he was honored as an NJCAA All American after he scored five goals and had eight assists.

In 2007, he transferred to Western Illinois University, where he was selected to the Comfort Inn & Suites All-Tournament Team, and was named the team’s newcomer of the year. In 2008, Katic was named to the Country Inn Green Bay Nike Soccer Classic All Tournament team. He was also selected to the All-Summit League Second Team, named to the All-Summit league All-Tournament Team and to the NSCAA/Adidas All-Midwest Region Team.

During his college years Katic also played in the USL Premier Development League with both Chicago Fire Premier and Springfield Demize.

### Professional

Katic turned professional in 2009 when he signed with the Pittsburgh Riverhounds upon their return to the USL Second Division. He made his professional debut on May 30, 2009 in a 3-1 win over the Wilmington Hammerheads.

## InfoBox

Nikola Katic
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Nikola Katic | | |
| Date of birth | (1986-06-01) June 1, 1986 | | |
| Place of birth | Makarska, SFR Yugoslavia | | |
| Height | 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 2005–2006 | ICC Cougars | | |
| 2007–2008 | Western Illinois Leathernecks | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2007 | Chicago Fire Premier | 10 | (0) |
| 2008 | Springfield Demize | 9 | (0) |
| 2009–2014 | Pittsburgh Riverhounds | 72 | (0) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 2014– | Pittsburgh Riverhounds SC (assistant) | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of September 16, 2014 | | | |


title: Reina María Rodríguez

abstract: Reina María Rodríguez is a major poet who lives in Cuba whose home has served as a rooftop salon and an intellectual center for the Cuban literary community since 2003. She has won the Casa de las Américas Prize for poetry, the UNEA Prize, the Julian de Casal prize and the 2014 Pablo Neruda Ibero-American Poetry Award. She was also a finalist for the 2022 Neustadt International Prize for Literature.

text:
# Reina María Rodríguez

**Reina María Rodríguez** is a major poet who lives in Cuba whose home has served as a rooftop salon and an intellectual center for the Cuban literary community since 2003.

She has won the Casa de las Américas Prize for poetry, the UNEA Prize, the Julian de Casal prize and the 2014 Pablo Neruda Ibero-American Poetry Award. She was also a finalist for the 2022 Neustadt International Prize for Literature.


title: 1939 Brecon and Radnorshire by-election

abstract: The 1939 Brecon and Radnorshire by-election, was a parliamentary by-election held on 1 August 1939 for the British House of Commons constituency of Brecon and Radnorshire, in South Wales.

text:
# 1939 Brecon and Radnorshire by-election

The **1939 Brecon and Radnorshire by-election**, was a parliamentary by-election held on 1 August 1939 for the British House of Commons constituency of Brecon and Radnorshire, in South Wales.

## Vacancy

The by-election was caused by the sitting member, Ivor Guest, succeeding to a title that gave him a seat in the House of Lords. He had been MP for the constituency since winning the seat in 1935.

## Election history

Ivor Guest was elected as a National Government candidate, supported by both local Conservative and Liberal Associations. Guest came from a political family that had in the past had a foot in both party camps, so his selection had been a natural choice. The local Liberal Association had not put forward a candidate for election since the 1929 general election and last won the seat in 1923. The Conservatives had won the seat in 1931, and the Labour party won the seat in 1929. When all three parties had fielded candidates, the election had been a close three-way contest. The result at the last General election was:

General election 1935: Brecon and Radnor
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **National** | **Ivor Guest** | **22,079** | **52.6** | ***N/A*** |
|  | Labour | Leslie Haden-Guest | 19,910 | 47.4 | +7.2 |
| Majority | | | 2,169 | 5.2 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | | 41,989 | 84.3 | −2.8 |
| Registered electors | | | 49,827 |  |  |
|  | National **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

## Candidates

The local Conservative and Liberal parties could not agree on a joint candidate to succeed Guest as MP. The Conservatives wanted Hanning Philipps, and put him forward as candidate without consulting the Liberals. As a result, the local Liberal Association, which was affiliated to Sir John Simon's Liberal National organisation, formally decided to take no part in the by-election campaign. Philipps was the 35-year-old Eton-educated second son of Lord Milford. The local Labour party needed to find a new candidate, as their last, Leslie Haden Guest, had been elected in a 1937 by-election in the London constituency of Islington North. They chose as their new candidate, William Jackson, who was a farmer from the neighbouring Hereford constituency. Jackson had been a Liberal up until 1931, and was thus a more attractive option to Liberal voters than the Conservative Philipps.

## Main Issues and Campaign

The nature of the constituency meant that issues relating to agriculture would be foremost in the campaign. This placed the Labour campaign at an advantage as Jackson was a farmer and Hanning Philipps admitted at his adoption meeting that he knew nothing about farming. Jackson concentrated his campaign on the policy of guaranteed prices for farmers. The absence of a Liberal candidate also allowed the Jackson campaign to appeal to those who favoured a Popular Front opposition to the Government that had been advocated by the likes of Sir Stafford Cripps.

## Result

The Labour party gained the seat from the National Government.

1939 Brecon and Radnorshire by-election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **William Jackson** | **20,679** | **53.4** | **+6.0** |
|  | Conservative | Richard Hanning Philipps | 18,043 | 46.6 | *N/A* |
| Majority | | | 2,636 | 6.8 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | | 38,722 | 79.9 | −4.4 |
| Registered electors | | | 48,486 |  |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from National | | Swing |  |  |

This was the last by-election to take place before the outbreak of war, and the last to take place for nearly two months as Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain toyed with the idea of calling a General Election.

## Aftermath

The loss of Brecon and Radnorshire for the National Government would have contributed to Chamberlain's decision not to call a General Election for the Autumn. William Jackson chose not to defend his seat at the 1945 general election and instead accepted a seat in the House of Lords. The local Conservatives, more mindful of the concerns of the local Liberals, chose as their candidate, another member of the Guest family, who had previously sat in the House of Commons as a Liberal. However, by now, the local Liberal Association had ceased being supporters of the National Government and put up their own candidate.

General election 1945: Brecon and Radnor
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Tudor Watkins** | **19,725** | **46.8** | **−0.6** |
|  | Conservative | Oscar Guest | 14,089 | 33.4 | *N/A* |
|  | Liberal | David Lewis | 8,335 | 19.8 | *N/A* |
| Majority | | | 5,636 | 13.4 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | | 42,149 | 80.0 | −4.3 |
| Registered electors | | | 52,689 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | *N/A* |  |

* Who's Who: www.ukwhoswho.com
* By-Elections in British Politics by Cook and Ramsden
* Manchester Guardian, 1 August 1939
* Labour and the Countryside: The Politics of Rural Britain 1918–1939
* *British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–1949*, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (The Macmillan Press 1979)


title: Minor cinema

abstract: Minor cinema is a concept that is linked to film theory and defines and challenges the current hegemony in representations; a recent overview and recognition of the term can be found in The Routledge Encyclopedia of Film Theory (2013).

text:
# Minor cinema

**Minor cinema** is a concept that is linked to film theory and defines and challenges the current hegemony in representations; a recent overview and recognition of the term can be found in *The Routledge Encyclopedia of Film Theory* (2013).

## Origins

The term originates from French philosopher Gilles Deleuze and psychotherapist Félix Guattari's study *Kafka: Toward a Minor Literature* (1975) they made on "minor literature", which concerns people living in a language that is not their own and 'deterritorialize' it. The link to cinema would be smoothly elaborated in Deleuze's *The Time-Image* (1985). Film scholar Tom Gunning used the term to single out filmmakers that made films simply for the sake of making films; affirming their own marginality without for that matter being antagonistic (see also scholar Meaghan Morris), devoting themselves to non-professionalism and being truthful to its own cause.

Another of minor cinema's main definitions can be found by David E. James:

1. They are not part of the current hegemony.
2. It's immediately connected to politics because of its minority status.
3. The individual and the collective are mutually bounded with each other (*collective enunciation*).

"Minor cinema" indirectly relates to the big commercial studio system ("major cinema"), and many of the co-op's first films were found-footage works from the big studios. Dudley Andrew is labelling this cinema as a sort of *festival cinema*.

## Contemporary research

The term's significance in today's research can be seen in women's cinema (Butler 2002; *parallel* or *oppositional cinema*), postcolonial cinema (Rodowick 1997; *fabulation* defines minor cinema), queer cinema (White 2008; *resourceless/politicized/experimental/becoming*) and exilic cinema (Naficy 2001; part of his theory of *accented cinema*). The neglecting of "minor cinema" has been addressed in Adam Szymanski's Ph.D. thesis *Minor cinemas of melancholy and therapy* (2017).

## Cinematic waves

### United States

In the United States, minor cinema emerged through exhibition and curation of avant-garde film within New York City during the 1940s through filmmakers such as Maya Deren and Marie Menken. Additionally, film societies such as Cinema 16 found success in focusing primarily on experimental and nonfictional film. Until the 1960s, minor cinema in the United States was a concept that was primarily accessed by those aligned with Hollywood (such as Val Lewton) and leading figures of pop culture such as Andy Warhol. By the late 1960s, political films were associated most often to European directors like French New Wave's Jean-Luc Godard and Margarethe von Trotta.

A part of this political stance was feminist film theory emerging during the 1970s and was influenced by second-wave feminism in the United States. In the 70s, feminist film theory focused on the function of female characters in the film but was later influenced by British theorist's concern in critical theory, Marxism, and psychology that would begin focusing on the reinforcement of sexism in cinematic production and the construct of viewing a subject. Media journals such as *Camera Obscura* emerged as a feminist medium in the late 1960s. There was a rise of black filmmakers, known as L.A. Rebellion within the UCLA Film School, who came to prominence due to the push of black students into prestigious, white universities through affirmative action and wanted to push away from Hollywood conventions. This movement included Charles Burnett (*Killer of Sheep*) and Haile Gerima (*Sankofa*) wanting to be identified with the liberation movements in the Third World, and their expression of Black pride and dignity. L.A. Rebellion defined themselves in a school of thought of seeking independence, the overturning of stereotypes, and social engagement.

## Criticism

William Brown is criticizing the term to be overly binary and suggests a more embracing definition like *common cinema*. On the other hand "minor cinema" has also been criticized for being too broad and generalizing.

## Examples of minor filmmakers

## Further reading

* Field, Allyson Nadia; Horak, Jan-Christopher; Stewart, Jacqueline Najuma, eds. (2015). *L.A. Rebellion: Creating a New Black Cinema*. Oakland, California: University of California Press.
* Gustaf Andersson, Lars, and John Sundholm. (2019). *The Cultural Practice of Immigrant Filmmaking: Minor Immigrant Cinemas in Sweden 1950-1990*. Bristol: Intellect.
* Mey, Adeena; Rey, Anton; Bovier, François; Turniger, Fred; Schärer, Thomas ed. (2020). *Minor Cinema: Experimental Film in Switzerland*. JRP | Ringier.
* "Hollywood and counter-cinema: the roots of "Jump Cut" (1985) by Peter Steven". *www.ejumpcut.org*. Retrieved 2020-05-26.


title: My Life (Meir autobiography)

abstract: My Life is the autobiography of the first female Prime Minister of Israel, Golda Meir. The book was first published by Weidenfeld & Nicolson with the title A Land of our own and later by G. P. Putnam's Sons in 1975. The first German translation was published 1973 by the Scherz Verlag in Bern.

text:
# My Life (Meir autobiography)

***My Life*** is the autobiography of the first female Prime Minister of Israel, Golda Meir. The book was first published by Weidenfeld & Nicolson with the title *A Land of our own* and later by G. P. Putnam's Sons in 1975. The first German translation was published 1973 by the Scherz Verlag in Bern.

## Reception

The book became a *New York Times* best-seller. Its title is a double-entendre; It refers to both a life story and a well-known Jewish term of endearment. The book was well received by Kirkus Reviews who described the book as "both frank and very revealing of her personality and goals. Her total lack of pretense is especially winning. Meir's practical idealism can be seen in efforts as diverse as the beautification of kibbutzim and her strong advocacy of unemployment benefits. The work that 'most concerned and interested me,' she writes, was 'the translation of socialist principles into the down-to-earth terminology of everyday life.' Although the political events narrated are well known they are recounted with drama and spirit. Don't mistake this for just chicken soup with riposte-noodles: it's a model of its kind and a sure crowd-pleaser."

## Contents

*List of illustrations* ix

* 1. My childhood (1)
* 2. A political adolescence (16)
* 3. I choose Palestine (36)
* 4. The start of a new life (56)
* 5. Pioneers and problems (77)
* 6. 'We shall fight Hitler' (103)
* 7. The struggle against the British (131)
* 8. We have our state (164)
* 9. Minister to Moscow (201)
* 10. The right to exist (234)
* 11. African and other friendships (263)
* 12. We are alone (291)
* 13. The prime minister (318)
* 14. The Yom Kippur War (353)
* 15. The end of the road (382)

*Index* (391)

## InfoBox

My Life
| First US edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Golda Meir |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Autobiography |
| Publisher | G. P. Putnam's Sons (US)<br>Weidenfeld & Nicolson (UK) |
| Publication date | 1973 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Print (Hardback & Paperback) |
| Pages | 396 |
| ISBN | 0-399-11669-9 |
| OCLC | 11866342 |
| Dewey Decimal | 956.94/05/0924 B |
| LC Class | DS126.6.M42 A37 1975 |


title: Nurses and Midwives Tribunal

abstract: The Nurses and Midwives Tribunal is a former tribunal that was established in the Australian state of New South Wales which dealt with appeals and complaints of professional misconduct by nurses and midwives. The tribunal generally heard matters after the Nurses and Midwives Board has made a decision or a professional association had referred an issue to the tribunal. The tribunal heard matters in an informal manner in an attempt to do justice in the matter. The tribunal also conducted inquiries into complaints referred by the New South Wales Health Care Complaints Commission. On 1 January 2014 the tribunal's functions were assumed by the New South Wales Civil and Administrative Tribunal.

text:
# Nurses and Midwives Tribunal

The **Nurses and Midwives Tribunal** is a former tribunal that was established in the Australian state of New South Wales which dealt with appeals and complaints of professional misconduct by nurses and midwives. The tribunal generally heard matters after the Nurses and Midwives Board has made a decision or a professional association had referred an issue to the tribunal. The tribunal heard matters in an informal manner in an attempt to do justice in the matter. The tribunal also conducted inquiries into complaints referred by the New South Wales Health Care Complaints Commission.

On 1 January 2014 the tribunal's functions were assumed by the New South Wales Civil and Administrative Tribunal.

## History

The tribunal replaced the earlier Nurses Tribunal previously established under the *Nurses Act 1991* (NSW). The old tribunal was superseded following the reforms made to the registration of regulation of nurses in 2003 by the New South Wales government. This arose out of a report prepared by the Department of Health in which that department undertook a review of the Nurses Act then in operation. One of the major thrusts of the report was that the occupation of "midwife" needed to be recognised as a distinct occupation from that of "nurse". Prior to 2003, a person wishing to practice as a midwife needed to be registered as a nurse and obtained a separate authorisation to act as a midwife. The changes since 2003 now allow a person to practice solely as either as a nurse or as a midwife, or as both, provided that they meet the requirements of registration.

## Establishment

The present tribunal is established under section 59 of the *Nurses and Midwives Act 1991* (NSW). The Governor of New South Wales may appoint a person to be the chairperson of the tribunal. The governor may also appoint any number of persons to be deputy chairpersons of the tribunal. A person may only be appointed a chairperson or deputy chairman if they are a judge of the District Court of New South Wales or an Australian lawyer. The appointment is for up to seven years, but the person can be re-appointed again for up to another seven years. When a matter arises for determination, the Nurses and Midwives Board of New South Wales informs the chairperson of the tribunal of the matter. The chairperson may personally hear the matter or may instead delegate the hearing to a deputy chairperson. The Board then appoints three persons to sit on the tribunal with the chairperson. Two of the persons must either be a nurse or a midwife. Generally the board will select persons who are peers of the relevant person. The other person on the tribunal must be a lay person (i.e. a person who is not a nurse or midwife). This latter person is selected from a panel established by the Minister for Health. The four persons together constitute the tribunal.

## Current members

The inaugural chairperson was Irving Wallach (1992–2005). The immediate past chairperson was Nick O'Neill. The deputy chairpersons were Tom Kelly and Joanne Muller.

## At the hearing

The members of the tribunal are required to conduct an inquiry to any complaint, matter, application or appeal referred to the tribunal. The chairperson or deputy chairperson must decide when the inquiry is to be heard and must give at least seven days notice to the nurse or midwife the subject of the inquiry. The chairperson must also give notice to any person who made the complaint, and the heads of the Department of Health, the Health Care Complaints Commission, and the Nurses and Midwives Board. Both the person who made the complaint, and the nurse or midwife concerned, are entitled to be legally represented if they wish so. Any inquiry is open to the public, so members of the public or the press are able to observe the proceedings. The tribunal may conduct the inquiry in private if necessary. The tribunal has a range of powers to suppress the publication of information given at the inquiry. For example, the tribunal may prohibit the publication of the names of the witnesses, the complainant or the nurse or midwife concerned. Where a person or organisation breaches this requirement, the person or organisation may be prosecuted for a criminal offence. The chairperson or deputy chairman decides all questions of law or matters of legal principle. Their decision is final on the point. In matters of fact or evidence, three of the four members must agree. If the decision is split two-two, then the chairperson or deputy chairperson has the casting vote. Generally the rules of evidence (which the limit the type of evidence which a court can recognise) do not need to be observed in the tribunal. Witnesses are called, and their testimony is given on oath in the same way that evidence is given in a court of law. The tribunal is empowered to issue summons to compel people to attend the tribunal to give evidence. The tribunal may also direct a written notice for a person or organisation to produce documentation.

## Outcomes

If the tribunal after an inquiry determines the matters proved against the nurse or midwife, the tribunal has a number of options available to it. The tribunal may caution or only reprimand the person concerned. It may direct the person to seek medical or psychiatric treatment or counselling. It may order that the person complete an educational course. The tribunal may impose conditions on the continuing practice of the nurse or midwife. In extreme cases, the tribunal may order the suspension or removal of the nurse or midwife from practising. The tribunal is required to given written reasons of its decision within 30 days of the finalisation of the case. There is a right of appeal in certain circumstances to the Supreme Court of New South Wales against the decision of the tribunal.

## Typical cases in the tribunal

The decisions of the tribunal are available on the internet beginning with decisions made in 2007. From time to time, decisions of the tribunal attract media attention. In 2006, the tribunal deregistered a nurse employed to look after dementia patients at a retirement village. The tribunal found that the nurse had engaged in professional misconduct as her nursing care was unskilled. The tribunal found that the nurse had fallen asleep whilst caring for her patients, mocked or demeaned patients, and had used excessive force in dealing with patients. In another case the tribunal ordered the suspension of a nurse for professional misconduct. The nurse was an addict of pethidine and was found to be administering pethidine to herself whilst on duty. On a one occasion, her use of the drug caused her after helping a patient shower, swung the patient's underpant above her head whilst laughing. The nurse concerned was also found to have administered pethidine to patients without prescription and also to have destroyed out-of-date pethidine without supervision.

## Sources


abstract: Norway competed at the 2023 World Aquatics Championships in Fukuoka, Japan from 14 to 30 July.

text:
# Norway at the 2023 World Aquatics Championships

**Norway** competed at the 2023 World Aquatics Championships in Fukuoka, Japan from 14 to 30 July.

## Diving

Norway entered 3 divers.

Men

| Athlete | Event | Preliminaries | | Semifinals | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Points | Rank | Points | Rank | Points | Rank |
| Isak Børslien | 1 m springboard | 280.45 | 43 |  | | Did not advance | |
| | 10 m platform | 334.30 | 30 | Did not advance | | | |

Women

| Athlete | Event | Preliminaries | | Semifinals | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Points | Rank | Points | Rank | Points | Rank |
| Caroline Kupka | 1 m springboard | 217.00 | 29 |  | | Did not advance | |
| | 3 m springboard | 184.70 | 50 | Did not advance | | | |
| Helle Tuxen | 1 m springboard | 214.95 | 30 |  | | Did not advance | |
| | 3 m springboard | 262.45 | 25 | Did not advance | | | |
| | 10 m platform | 222.05 | 33 | Did not advance | | | |

## Swimming

Norway entered 4 swimmers.

Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Henrik Christiansen | 800 metre freestyle | 7:50.46 | 18 |  | | Did not advance | |
| | 1500 metre freestyle | 15:02.31 | 17 |  | | Did not advance | |
| Nicholas Lia | 50 metre freestyle | 21.94 **NR** | 12 **Q** | 22.12 | 15 | Did not advance | |
| | 100 metre freestyle | 50.16 | 46 | Did not advance | | | |
| | 50 metre breaststroke | 28.09 | 30 | Did not advance | | | |
| | 50 metre butterfly | 23.43 | 20 | Did not advance | | | |
| Markus Lie | 50 metre backstroke | 25.55 | 29 | Did not advance | | | |
| | 100 metre backstroke | 54.66 | 27 | Did not advance | | | |

Women

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Ingeborg Løyning | 50 metre backstroke | 28.62 | 26 | Did not advance | | | |
| | 100 metre backstroke | 1:01.32 | 25 | Did not advance | | | |
| | 200 metre backstroke | 2:13.97 | 25 | Did not advance | | | |

## InfoBox

| Norway at the<br>2023 World Aquatics Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Flag of Norway | |
| FINA code | NOR |
| National federation | Norwegian Swimming Federation |
| Website | www.svomming.no |
| in Fukuoka, Japan | |
| Competitors | 7 in 2 sports |
| Medals | Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 |
| World Aquatics Championships appearances | |
|  | |


title: Trigonulina novemcostata

abstract: Trigonulina novemcostata is a carnivorous bivalve in the family Verticordiidae. It is native to the South China Sea with 7–8 prominent ribs on its surface and ranges from about 0.7-5 millimeters in size in accordance with the unaccepted genus Hippagus it was originally described as. It is the only currently known species in the genus Trigonulina that lives outside of the western Atlantic Ocean, being found in the South China Sea and Pacific Ocean. This species has been observed between California and Peru as well as in Costa Rica. Malacologists currently debate if T. novemcostata is a separate species or a variant of T. ornata due to their similar appearances and habitat overlap.

text:
# Trigonulina novemcostata

***Trigonulina novemcostata*** is a carnivorous bivalve in the family Verticordiidae. It is native to the South China Sea with 7–8 prominent ribs on its surface and ranges from about 0.7-5 millimeters in size in accordance with the unaccepted genus *Hippagus* it was originally described as. It is the only currently known species in the genus *Trigonulina* that lives outside of the western Atlantic Ocean, being found in the South China Sea and Pacific Ocean. This species has been observed between California and Peru as well as in Costa Rica. Malacologists currently debate if *T. novemcostata* is a separate species or a variant of *T. ornata* due to their similar appearances and habitat overlap.

## InfoBox

| *Trigonulina novemcostata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Bivalvia |
| Family: | Verticordiidae |
| Genus: | *Trigonulina* |
| Species: | ***T. novemcostata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trigonulina novemcostata***<br>(A. Adams & Reeve, 1850) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Hippagus novemcostatus*  A. Adams & Reeve, 1850 * *Trigonulina hancocki*  (F. R. Bernard, 1969) * *Trigonulina pacifica*  P. Jung, 1996 * *Verticordia (Trigonulina) hancocki*  F. R. Bernard, 1969 * *Verticordia hancocki*  F. R. Bernard, 1969 * *Verticordia novemcostata*  (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850) | |


title: Nikola Vujović (footballer, born 1981)

abstract: Nikola Vujović is a Montenegrin retired footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder.

text:
# Nikola Vujović (footballer, born 1981)

**Nikola Vujović** (Cyrillic: Никола Вујовић; born 23 June 1981) is a Montenegrin retired footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder.

## Club career

Vujović spent the majority of his club career at Budućnost Podgorica and Mogren, having two spells with each side. He also played for Greek club Akratitos. In the 2009 winter transfer window, Vujović was transferred to Serbian champions Partizan. He helped the side defend the double in the 2008–09 season. However, after the initial six months at the club, Vujović was receiving very little playing time before being demoted from the first team. He ultimately returned to Mogren two years after leaving the club.

## International career

At international level, Vujović earned six caps for Montenegro between 2007 and 2009, making his debut against Japan at the Kirin Cup. His final international was an April 2009 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Georgia.

## Statistics

### Club

| Club | Season | League | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Apps | Goals |
| Budućnost Podgorica | 2006–07 | 29 | 3 |
| Mogren | 2007–08 | 27 | 9 |
| | 2008–09 | 14 | 5 |
| | Total | 41 | 14 |
| Partizan | 2008–09 | 11 | 3 |
| | 2009–10 | 3 | 0 |
| | Total | 14 | 3 |
| Mogren | 2010–11 | 8 | 1 |
| | 2011–12 | 31 | 14 |
| | 2012–13 | 29 | 11 |
| | 2013–14 | 17 | 6 |
| | Total | 85 | 32 |
| Čelik Nikšić | 2013–14 | 9 | 1 |
| Lovćen | 2014–15 | 22 | 2 |
| | 2015–16 | 13 | 1 |
| | Total | 35 | 3 |
| Cetinje | 2015–16 | 11 | 8 |
| Kom | 2016–17 | 24 | 7 |
| Mornar | 2017–18 | 4 | 0 |
| Career total | | 252 | 71 |

### International

| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Montenegro | 2007 | 2 | 0 |
| | 2008 | 2 | 0 |
| | 2009 | 2 | 0 |
| Total | | 6 | 0 |

## Honours

Budućnost Podgorica Partizan Kom

## InfoBox

Nikola Vujović
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Nikola Vujović | | |
| Date of birth | (1981-06-23) 23 June 1981 | | |
| Place of birth | Cetinje, SFR Yugoslavia | | |
| Height | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Attacking midfielder | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Lovćen | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2001–2005 | Budućnost Podgorica | 100 | (42) |
| 2005–2006 | Akratitos | 14 | (0) |
| 2006–2007 | Budućnost Podgorica | 29 | (3) |
| 2007–2008 | Mogren | 41 | (14) |
| 2009–2010 | Partizan | 14 | (3) |
| 2011–2013 | Mogren | 85 | (32) |
| 2014 | Čelik Nikšić | 9 | (1) |
| 2014–2015 | Lovćen | 35 | (3) |
| 2016 | Cetinje | 11 | (8) |
| 2016–2017 | Kom | 25 | (7) |
| 2017 | Mornar | 4 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 2007–2009 | Montenegro | 6 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 29 August 2018 | | | |


title: Yisroel Yitzchok Piekarski

abstract: Rabbi Yisroel Yitzchok Piekarski (1905–1992) was a Polish-born rabbi who was the Rosh Yeshiva of the Lubavich hassidic movement for 42 years.

text:
# Yisroel Yitzchok Piekarski

Rabbi **Yisroel Yitzchok Piekarski** (1905–1992) was a Polish-born rabbi who was the Rosh Yeshiva of the Lubavich hassidic movement for 42 years.

## Biography

Rabbi Yisroel Yitzchok Piekarski was born in Sosnowiec Poland in 1905 to a family of Amshinover hassidim, he was a disciple of Rabbi Aryeh Tzvi Frummer and Rabbi Abraham Weinberg of Warsaw (author of Reishis Bikkurim) After receiving semicha from Rabbi Aryeh Tzvi Frommer, Rabbi Piekarski went on to serve briefly as Rabbi of the small town of Modrzejów in Poland (which is now part of Sosnowiec) before accepting a position as a Rabbi in London England shortly before the outbreak of World War II. In 1947, Rabbi Piekarski emigrated to the United States where he was appointed Rabbi of the "Tzierei Agudas Yisroel" Shul in Bronx New York. In 1951 he was appointed Rosh Yeshiva of Tomchei Temimim of Lubavitch where he taught thousands of students. Simultaneously, he relocated from the Bronx to Queens where he served as the Rabbi of Bais Yakov Shul in Forest Hills NY and delivered shiurim attended by large crowds of admirers.

## Works


title: Nikola Vujnović

abstract: Nikola Vujnović is a Montenegrin professional footballer who plays as a forward for Azerbaijan Premier League club Sumgayit.

text:
# Nikola Vujnović

**Nikola Vujnović** (Serbian Cyrillic: Никола Вујновић; born 11 January 1997) is a Montenegrin professional footballer who plays as a forward for Azerbaijan Premier League club Sumgayit.

## Club career

### Villarreal

Vujnović joined Spanish club Villarreal in the summer of 2015. He initially played in Villarreal's C team in his first few seasons at the club. However, he was eventually promoted to Villarreal B. He featured in Villarreal B's 2018–19 Premier League International Cup campaign, scoring a penalty in a 7–0 win against Liverpool's reserves on 21 November 2018.

### Podgorica

On 30 July 2019, Vujnović signed a one-year contract with Montenegrin club Podgorica. He scored a total of seven goals over the course of the 2019–20 season.

### Voždovac

On 29 July 2020, Vujnović joined Voždovac.

### Sporting Kansas City

On 15 February 2022, Vujnović signed with Sporting Kansas City on a season long loan with a purchase option. On 8 July 2022, Vujnović and Kansas City agreed to terminate his loan at the club.

### Sumgayit

On 13 July 2024, Vujnović signed with Sumgayit FK.

## International career

He made his national team debut on 7 October 2020 in a friendly against Latvia.

## Career

### International

*As of match played on 16 November 2021*

| Montenegro | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 2021 | 5 | 1 |
| Total | 5 | 1 |

*As of match played 13 November 2021*. Montenegro score listed first, score column indicates score after each of his goal.

| No | Date | Venue | Cap | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 13 November 2021 | Podgorica City Stadium, Podgorica, Montenegro | 3 | Netherlands | **2**–2 | 2–2 | 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification |
|

## InfoBox

Nikola Vujnović
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Nikola Vujnović | | |
| Date of birth | (1997-01-11) 11 January 1997 | | |
| Place of birth | Cetinje, FR Yugoslavia | | |
| Height | 1.77 m (5 ft 10 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Striker | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Sumgayit | | |
| Number | 9 | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2012–2014 | Radnički Obrenovac | 20 | (4) |
| 2014 | Rad (loan) | 1 | (0) |
| 2015–2018 | Villarreal C | 46 | (9) |
| 2018–2019 | Villarreal B | 18 | (3) |
| 2019–2020 | Podgorica | 31 | (7) |
| 2020–2022 | Voždovac | 43 | (15) |
| 2022 | Sporting Kansas City (loan) | 9 | (0) |
| 2022–2024 | Gorica | 46 | (5) |
| 2024– | Sumgayit | 0 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 2012–2013 | Montenegro U17 | 3 | (1) |
| 2014–2015 | Montenegro U19 | 6 | (6) |
| 2014–2018 | Montenegro U21 | 9 | (0) |
| 2020– | Montenegro | 5 | (1) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 13 July 2024<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 7 December 2021 | | | |


title: Nils-Erik Jonsson

abstract: Nils-Erik Jonsson is a Swedish sprint canoer who competed in the late 1990s. He won a bronze medal in the K-4 500 m event at the 1997 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Dartmouth.

text:
# Nils-Erik Jonsson

**Nils-Erik Jonsson** is a Swedish sprint canoer who competed in the late 1990s. He won a bronze medal in the K-4 500 m event at the 1997 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Dartmouth.

## InfoBox

Nils-Erik Jonsson
| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Men's canoe sprint | | |
| World Championships | | |
|  | 1997 Dartmouth | K-4 500 m |


title: Nils-Gunnar Svensson

abstract: Nils-Gunnar Svensson is a Swedish former ice hockey player. He played for HV71 and Team Boro during his nine-year professional career. Svensson currently serves as the head coach for HA 74 of the Swedish Division 3.

text:
# Nils-Gunnar Svensson

**Nils-Gunnar Svensson** (born May 23, 1962) is a Swedish former ice hockey player. He played for HV71 and Team Boro during his nine-year professional career. Svensson currently serves as the head coach for HA 74 of the Swedish Division 3.

## Playing career

Svensson began his career with HV71 in the Swedish Division 1 during the 1984–85 season, and was a member of the team when they were promoted to the Swedish Hockey League (then known as the Elitserien) for 1985–86. He played five seasons for HV71 in the Elitserien, before joining Team Boro of Division 1 prior to the start of the 1990–91 season. Svensson played three years for Boro, and retired at the conclusion of the 1992–93 season.

## InfoBox

| Nils-Gunnar Svensson | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born | (1962-05-23) May 23, 1962
Sweden | | |
| Height | 6 ft 0 in (183 cm) | | |
| Weight | 179 lb (81 kg; 12 st 11 lb) | | |
| Position | Defence | | |
| Shot | Right | | |
| Played for | HV71
Team Boro | | |
| NHL draft | Undrafted | | |
| Playing career | 19841993 | | |


title: Nine-point circle

abstract:
In geometry, the nine-point circle is a circle that can be constructed for any given triangle. It is so named because it passes through nine significant concyclic points defined from the triangle. These nine points are:
  - The midpoint of each side of the triangle
  - The foot of each altitude
  - The midpoint of the line segment from each vertex of the triangle to the orthocenter. The nine-point circle is also known as Feuerbach's circle, Euler's circle, Terquem's circle, the six-points circle, the twelve-points circle, the n-point circle, the medioscribed circle, the mid circle or the circum-midcircle. Its center is the nine-point center of the triangle.

text:
# Nine-point circle

In geometry, the **nine-point circle** is a circle that can be constructed for any given triangle. It is so named because it passes through nine significant concyclic points defined from the triangle. These nine points are:

The nine-point circle is also known as **Feuerbach's circle** (after Karl Wilhelm Feuerbach), **Euler's circle** (after Leonhard Euler), **Terquem's circle** (after Olry Terquem), the **six-points circle**, the **twelve-points circle**, the **n-point circle**, the **medioscribed circle**, the **mid circle** or the **circum-midcircle**. Its center is the nine-point center of the triangle.

## Nine significant points

The diagram above shows the nine significant points of the nine-point circle. Points D, E, F are the midpoints of the three sides of the triangle. Points G, H, I are the feet of the altitudes of the triangle. Points J, K, L are the midpoints of the line segments between each altitude's vertex intersection (points A, B, C) and the triangle's orthocenter (point S).

For an acute triangle, six of the points (the midpoints and altitude feet) lie on the triangle itself; for an obtuse triangle two of the altitudes have feet outside the triangle, but these feet still belong to the nine-point circle.

## Discovery

Although he is credited for its discovery, Karl Wilhelm Feuerbach did not entirely discover the nine-point circle, but rather the six-point circle, recognizing the significance of the midpoints of the three sides of the triangle and the feet of the altitudes of that triangle. (*See Fig. 1, points* D, E, F, G, H, I.) (At a slightly earlier date, Charles Brianchon and Jean-Victor Poncelet had stated and proven the same theorem.) But soon after Feuerbach, mathematician Olry Terquem himself proved the existence of the circle. He was the first to recognize the added significance of the three midpoints between the triangle's vertices and the orthocenter. (*See Fig. 1, points* J, K, L.) Thus, Terquem was the first to use the name nine-point circle.

## Tangent circles

In 1822 Karl Feuerbach discovered that any triangle's nine-point circle is externally tangent to that triangle's three excircles and internally tangent to its incircle; this result is known as Feuerbach's theorem. He proved that:

> ... the circle which passes through the feet of the altitudes of a triangle is tangent to all four circles which in turn are tangent to the three sides of the triangle...

The triangle center at which the incircle and the nine-point circle touch is called the Feuerbach point.

## Other properties of the nine-point circle

* The radius of a triangle's circumcircle is twice the radius of that triangle's nine-point circle.

*Figure 3*

* A nine-point circle bisects a line segment going from the corresponding triangle's orthocenter to any point on its circumcircle.

*Figure 4*

* The center N of the nine-point circle bisects a segment from the orthocenter H to the circumcenter O (making the orthocenter a center of dilation to both circles):

$$\overline {ON}={\overline {NH}.}$$

* The nine-point center N is one-fourth of the way along the Euler line from the centroid G to the orthocenter H:

$$\overline {HN}=3{\overline {NG}.}$$

* Let ω be the nine-point circle of the diagonal triangle of a cyclic quadrilateral. The point of intersection of the bimedians of the cyclic quadrilateral belongs to the nine-point circle.

* The nine-point circle of a reference triangle is the circumcircle of both the reference triangle's medial triangle (with vertices at the midpoints of the sides of the reference triangle) and its orthic triangle (with vertices at the feet of the reference triangle's altitudes).
* The center of all rectangular hyperbolas that pass through the vertices of a triangle lies on its nine-point circle. Examples include the well-known rectangular hyperbolas of Keipert, Jeřábek and Feuerbach. This fact is known as the Feuerbach conic theorem.

* If an orthocentric system of four points A, B, C, H is given, then the four triangles formed by any combination of three distinct points of that system all share the same nine-point circle. This is a consequence of symmetry: the *sides* of one triangle adjacent to a vertex that is an orthocenter to another triangle are *segments* from that second triangle. A third midpoint lies on their common side. (The same 'midpoints' defining separate nine-point circles, those circles must be concurrent.)
* Consequently, these four triangles have circumcircles with identical radii. Let N represent the common nine-point center and P be an arbitrary point in the plane of the orthocentric system. Then

$$\overline {NA}^{2}+{\overline {NB}^{2}+{\overline {NC}^{2}+{\overline {NH}^{2}=3R^{2}}}}$$

where R is the common circumradius; and if

$$\overline {PA}^{2}+{\overline {PB}^{2}+{\overline {PC}^{2}+{\overline {PH}^{2}=K^{2},}}}$$

where K is kept constant, then the locus of P is a circle centered at N with a radius $\tfrac {1}{2}{\sqrt {K^{2}-3R^{2}.}}$ As P approaches N the locus of P for the corresponding constant K, collapses onto N the nine-point center. Furthermore the nine-point circle is the locus of P such that

$$\overline {PA}^{2}+{\overline {PB}^{2}+{\overline {PC}^{2}+{\overline {PH}^{2}=4R^{2}.}}}$$

* The centers of the incircle and excircles of a triangle form an orthocentric system. The nine-point circle created for that orthocentric system is the circumcircle of the original triangle. The feet of the altitudes in the orthocentric system are the vertices of the original triangle.
* If four arbitrary points A, B, C, D are given that do not form an orthocentric system, then the nine-point circles of *ABC*, △*BCD*, △*CDA*, △*DAB* concur at a point, the Poncelet point of A, B, C, D. The remaining six intersection points of these nine-point circles each concur with the midpoints of the four triangles. Remarkably, there exists a unique nine-point conic, centered at the centroid of these four arbitrary points, that passes through all seven points of intersection of these nine-point circles. Furthermore, because of the Feuerbach conic theorem mentioned above, there exists a unique rectangular circumconic, centered at the common intersection point of the four nine-point circles, that passes through the four original arbitrary points as well as the orthocenters of the four triangles.
* If four points A, B, C, D are given that form a cyclic quadrilateral, then the nine-point circles of *ABC*, △*BCD*, △*CDA*, △*DAB* concur at the anticenter of the cyclic quadrilateral. The nine-point circles are all congruent with a radius of half that of the cyclic quadrilateral's circumcircle. The nine-point circles form a set of four Johnson circles. Consequently, the four nine-point centers are cyclic and lie on a circle congruent to the four nine-point circles that is centered at the anticenter of the cyclic quadrilateral. Furthermore, the cyclic quadrilateral formed from the four nine-pont centers is homothetic to the reference cyclic quadrilateral ABCD by a factor of –1/2 and its homothetic center N lies on the line connecting the circumcenter O to the anticenter M where

$$\overline {ON}=2{\overline {NM}.}$$

$$\frac {(b^{2}-c^{2})^{2}{a}:{\frac {(c^{2}-a^{2})^{2}{b}:{\frac {(a^{2}-b^{2})^{2}{c}}}}}}$$

* Trilinear coordinates for the center of the Jeřábek hyperbola are

$$\cos(A)\sin ^{2}(B-C):\cos(B)\sin ^{2}(C-A):\cos(C)\sin ^{2}(A-B)$$

* Letting *x* : *y* : *z* be a variable point in trilinear coordinates, an equation for the nine-point circle is

$$x^{2}\sin 2A+y^{2}\sin 2B+z^{2}\sin 2C-2(yz\sin A+zx\sin B+xy\sin C)=0.$$

## Generalization

The circle is an instance of a conic section and the nine-point circle is an instance of the general nine-point conic that has been constructed with relation to a triangle *ABC* and a fourth point P, where the particular nine-point circle instance arises when P is the orthocenter of *ABC*. The vertices of the triangle and P determine a complete quadrilateral and three "diagonal points" where opposite sides of the quadrilateral intersect. There are six "sidelines" in the quadrilateral; the nine-point conic intersects the midpoints of these and also includes the diagonal points. The conic is an ellipse when P is interior to *ABC* or in a region sharing vertical angles with the triangle, but a nine-point hyperbola occurs when P is in one of the three adjacent regions, and the hyperbola is rectangular when P lies on the circumcircle of *ABC*.


title: Nishitakaya Station

abstract: Nishitakaya Station Nishitakaya Station is a passenger railway station located in the city of Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the West Japan Railway Company.

text:
# Nishitakaya Station

**Nishitakaya Station** (西高屋駅, *Nishitakaya-eki*) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West).

## Lines

Nishitakaya Station is served by the JR West Sanyō Main Line, and is located 268.3 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Kobe.

## Station layout

The station consists of two opposed side platforms connected by a footbridge. The station is staffed.

## Platforms

| **1** | Sanyō Main Line | for Mihara and Fukuyama |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **2** | Sanyō Main Line | for Saijō and Hiroshima |

## History

Nishitakaya Station was opened on 13 July 1917 as **Takaya Signal Stop** (高屋信号場) . It was elevated to a station on 1 October 1926. With the privatization of the Japanese National Railways (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR West.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 4949 passengers daily.

## Surrounding area

* Kindai University Hiroshima Campus
* Hiroshima Prefectural Hiroshima Junior and Senior High School
* Kindai University Hiroshima High School/Junior High School Higashi-Hiroshima School
* Higashihiroshima Municipal Takamigaoka Junior High School

Media related to Nishitakaya Station at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Nishitakaya Station
西高屋駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| Nishitakaya Station in April 2018 | |
| General information | |
| Location | 441-3 Nakashima, Takaya-cho,Higashihiroshima-shi, Hiroshima-ken 739-2125
Japan |
| Coordinates | 34°26′47.15″N 132°47′16.94″E / 34.4464306°N 132.7880389°E / 34.4464306; 132.7880389 |
| Owned by | West Japan Railway Company |
| Operated by | West Japan Railway Company |
| Line(s) | Sanyō Main Line |
| Distance | 268.3 km (166.7 mi) from Kobe |
| Platforms | 2 side platforms |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Connections | * Bus stop |
| Construction | |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Status | Staffed |
| Station code | JR-G11 |
| Website | Official website |
| History | |
| Opened | 1 October 1926 (1926-10-01) |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| FY2019 | 4949 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  JR West Following station  Saijōtowards Hiroshima  San'yō Line**Rapid**  Shiraichitowards Itozaki  San'yō Line**Local** | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Nishitakaya StationLocation within Hiroshima PrefectureNishitakaya StationNishitakaya Station (Japan) | |


title: Nishitama District, Tokyo

abstract:
Nishitama is a district located in Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. It comprises the village of Hinohara and the following three towns:
  - Hinode
  - Mizuho
  - Okutama
  - Historically, the cities of Ōme, Fussa, Hamura, and Akiruno were parts of Nishitama District but these were broken off from the district after they were elevated to city status.

text:
# Nishitama District, Tokyo

**Nishitama** (西多摩郡, *Nishitama-gun*, West Tama) is a district located in Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. It comprises the village of Hinohara and the following three towns:

Historically, the cities of Ōme, Fussa, Hamura, and Akiruno were parts of Nishitama District but these were broken off from the district after they were elevated to city status.

## Education

Each of the towns and villages operates separate public elementary and junior high school systems.

Tokyo Metropolitan Government Board of Education operates Mizuho Nougei High School in Mizuho.

The school district also operates the following high schools in nearby Ōme:

The district operates the following high schools in Fussa:

The district operates Hamura High School in Hamura.

The district operates the following schools in Akiruno:

## District timeline

* July 22, 1878: Tama District, which it had long been part of former Musashi Province, was divided into four parts: Higashitama (Eastern Tama), Kitatama (Northern Tama), Minamitama (Southern Tama) and Nishitama (Western Tama). Nishitama District had 1 town and 93 village areas.
* April 1, 1889: The new legislation, Nishitama District had 2 towns and 30 villages areas.
* April 1, 1893: Nishitama District was transferred from Kanagawa Prefecture to Tokyo Prefecture.
* June 1, 1955: The villages of Ohisano and Hirai were merged to create the new village of Hinode.
* October 1, 1956: The village of Nishitama was elevated to town status and renamed to Hamura.
* October 15, 1958: Parts of the village of Motosayama (from Iruma District, Saitama Prefecture), excluding the parts that was merged into the town of Musashi (from Iruma District) on October 14, 1958, was merged into the town of Mizuho.
* July 1, 1970: The town of Fussa was elevated to city status.
* May 5, 1972: The town of Akita was elevated to city status and renamed to Akigawa.
* June 1, 1974: The village of Hinode was elevated to town status.
* November 1, 1991: The town of Hamura was elevated to city status.
* September 1, 1995: The town of Itsukaichi was merged with the city of Akigawa to create the city of Akiruno.

## InfoBox

| Nishitama 西多摩郡 | |
| --- | --- |
| District | |
| Nishitama District | |
| Located in the green highlights | |
| NishitamaLocation in Japan | |
| Coordinates: 35°45′N 139°20′E / 35.750°N 139.333°E / 35.750; 139.333 | |
| Country | Japan |
| Region | Kantō |
| Prefecture | Tokyo Metropolis |
| Area | |
| Total | 375.96 km2 (145.16 sq mi) |
| Population (August 1, 2011) | |
| Total | 58,429 |
| Density | 155/km2 (400/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+09:00 (JST) |
| Website | www.nishitama-kouiki.jp |


title: Ningalkkum Aakaam Kodeeshwaran

abstract: Ningalkkum Aakaam Kodeeshwaran is an Indian Malayalam-language game show. It is an adaptation of the British Sony Pictures Television game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? and its Hindi version Kaun Banega Crorepati. The show is hosted by actor Suresh Gopi.

text:
# Ningalkkum Aakaam Kodeeshwaran

***Ningalkkum Aakaam Kodeeshwaran*** (transl.*You, Too, Can Be a Millionaire*) is an Indian Malayalam-language game show. It is an adaptation of the British Sony Pictures Television game show *Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?* and its Hindi version *Kaun Banega Crorepati*. The show is hosted by actor Suresh Gopi.

## Series overview

| Season | Main Host | Channel | Originally Aired | | Episodes | Special |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Launch Day | Final Day | | |
| 1 | Suresh Gopi | Asianet | 9 April 2012 | 23 August 2012 | 80 |  |
| 2 | | | 4 March 2013 | 18 July 2013 | 80 | Kodeeshwaran KIDS / Junior |
| 3 | | | 29 December 2014 | | 2015 | 100 |
| 4 | | | 16 January 2017 | | 23 June 2017 | 102 |
| 5 | | Mazhavil Manorama | 11 November 2019 | 31 March 2020 | 82 |  |
| 6 | | Zee Keralam | Launching Soon | TBA |  |  |

## Background

In 2011, *Business Standard* announced that Kaun Banega Crorepati was going to be remade into five regional Indian languages. Suresh Gopi was selected to host the Malayalam version and was quoted saying:

> Expecting and hoping that Ningalkkum Aakam Kodeeshwaran would be really very big in Kerala... It was a really enriching and rewarding experience to get trained under Siddhartha Basu, with support from the Big Synergy and Asianet team to get into this new role, as a Host for the No. 1 game show in the World.

The episodes for *Ningalkkum Aakam Kodeeshwaran* were shot at AVM Studios in Chennai, where its Tamil equivalent *Neengalum Vellalam Oru Kodi* was also shot.

## Production

### Season 1

Shyla CK, a contestant from Idukki, was the first person to win 50,00,000/- in the show, the highest amount won in the season. Shyla correctly answered the 14th question worth 50 lakhs/-, but she quit on the final question.

The tagline of the season used for was ***Oru Chodyam Madi Jeevidam Mari Marayan*** (English: *One Question Is Enough For Life To Change*)

#### Celebrity guests

| No. | Date | Guest(s) | Amount won | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 8, 9 May 2012 | Suraj Venjaramoodu | 3,20,000/- | First celebrity to play In the first season |
| 2 | 21 May 2012 | Kavya Madhavan | 3,20,000/- | Played just after the 50 lakhs winner Shyla |
| 3 | 7 June 2012 | Samvritha Sunil | 3,20,000/- | Quit the show due to the film shoot after getting to the second safe zone |
| 4 | 28 June 2012 | K. S. Chithra | 3,20,000/- | Sang in the show |
| 5 | 3, 4 July 2012 | Jayaram & Parvathy | 6,40,000/- | Appeared on the 50th episode of the show, first Double Celebrity episode |
| 6 | 2 August 2012 | Guinness Pakru & Ranjini Haridas | 3,20,000/- | Second Double Celebrity episode |
| 7 | 15 August 2012 | Vijay Yesudas & Swetha Mohan | 3,20,000/- | Appeared on Independence Day |
|

### Season 2

Second season started on 4 March 2013. Sangeetha, a handicapped woman from Painavu had scored 25,00,000/- in the 3rd day of the 2nd season. For the first time in the history of the show, the season started 'All Asianet Serial Celebrities Week' which started from 15 April 2013. Sanooja Rajan was declared as the first *Crorepati* of the show. This sparkling moment was aired on Asianet on 30 April 2013.

The tagline used for the season was ***Orarivum Cheruthalla, Deyvathinte Varamaanu*** (English: *No Knowledge is Small, It Is The Blessing Of God*)

#### Celebrity guests

| No. | Date | Guest(s) | Amount won | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 7 March 2013 | Shweta Menon | 3,20,000/- | Appeared on the day before International Women's Day |
| 2 | 28 March 2013 | Rimi Tomy | 1,60,000/- | Appeared on the Maundy Thursday |
| 3 | 15 April 2013 | Rajeev Parameswaran & Shemi Martin | 6,40,000/- | All Asianet serial celebrities week |
| 4 | 15–16 April 2013 | Shanavas Shanu & Shelly Kishore | 6,40,000/- | |
| 5 | 16–17 April 2013 | Shaju Kalabhavan & Fathimath Rasana | 3,20,000/- | |
| 6 | 17–18 April 2013 | Sarath & Anupama Meera | 6,40,000/- | |
| 7 | 18 April 2013 | Sajan & Anjana Haridas | 3,20,000/- | |
| 8 | 16 May 2013 | Madhu | 3,20,000/- | Oldest celebrity ever |
| 9 | 6 June 2013 | Manoj K Jayan & Vineeth | 6,40,000/- | First double-male episode |
| 10 | 26–27 June 2013 | Najim Arshad & Kalpana Raghavendra | 1,60,000/- | Idea Star Singer winners |
| 11 | 27 June 2013 | Vivekanandan & Merin Gregory | 1,60,000/- | |
| 12 | 4 July 2013 | Asif Ali & Nadirshah | 3,20,000/- |
| 13 | 18 July 2013 | Asha Sarath & Sudha Chandran | 3,20,000/- | Appeared on the closing episode of season 2 of the show |

#### Kids Special Episode

For the first time in the history of NAK, the "Kids special episode" started on Asianet from 27 May onwards. It was also continued from 8 July 2013 due to the request of Audience.

| No. | Date | Students | Amount won | School | Place |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 27 May 2013 | Mithu & Anila | 12,50,000/- | Netaji Higher Secondary School | Pathanamthitta |
| 2 | 27–28 May 2013 | Samil & Faheema | 3,20,000/- | G.M.U.P School | Malappuram |
| 3 | 28 May 2013 | Nandini & Goutham | 20,000/- | Christ Nagar Higher Secondary School | Thiruvananthapuram |
| 4 | 28–29 May 2013 | Snehamol & Vishnu | 3,20,000/- | A K G Memorial Government Higher Secondary School | Kannur |
| 5 | 29–30 May 2012 | Reshmi & Namitha | 6,40,000/- | St. Vincent Colony Girls HS | Calicut |
| 6 | 30 May 2013 | Gopika & Alan | 6,40,000/- | Government Higher Secondary School | Kasargodu |
| 7 | 8 July 2013 | Arshel & Amritha | 3,20,000/- | St. Joseph High School | Kannur |
| 8 | 8–9 July 2013 | Ajay & Lija | 3,20,000/- | St. George High School | Alappuzha |
| 9 | 9–10 July 2013 | Vijayalakshmi & Shahbas | 1,60,000/- | Jayarani Public School | Idukki |
| 10 | 10 July 2013 | Gopika & Nanditha | 80,000/- | Government Girls Higher Secondary School | Kottayam |
| 11 | 10–11 July 2013 | Arjun & Haritha | 6,40,000/- | Government Higher Secondary School | Palakkad |
| 12 | 11 July 2013 | Priya & Ranjan | 10,000/- | Bhavan's Vidya Mandir | Wayanadu |

### Season 3

Third season kicked off from 29 December 2014 with the sparkling inaugural song of K S Chitra. This season started with a few differences from the last seasons. The timer from 1-5 questions was made 45 seconds and from 6-10 is 60 seconds. Also this season had the introduction of a new lifeline called 'Double Dip' replacing 'Fifty-Fifty (50/50)' from the previous seasons. This season also featured a fourth additional lifeline (not included as the main lifeline) called 'Code Red' which gave the opportunity for the contestant's family members to warn the contestant if they feel the answer is wrong.

#### Celebrity guests

| No. | Date | Guest(s) | Amount won | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 January 2015 | Namitha Pramod | 1,60,000/- | Appeared on New Year's Day |
| 2 | 19 February 2015 | Amala Paul | 6,40,000/- |  |
| 3 | 2 March 2015 | Chithra Shenoy & Divya Padmini | 3,20,000/- | All Asianet serial celebrities week |
| 4 | 3 March 2015 | Gayatri Arun & Sneha | 3,20,000/- | |
| 5 | 4 March 2015 | Roopa Sri & Meghna Vincent | 3,20,000/- | |
| 6 | 5 March 2015 | Gauri & Niya | 6,40,000/- | |
| 7 | 12 March 2015 | Ramesh Pisharody & Dharmajan Bolgatty | 3,20,000/- |  |
| 8 | 19 March 2015 | Tini Tom & Kalabhavan Shajon | 3,20,000/- |  |

#### Ningalkkum Aakam Kodeeshwaran (KIDS)

| No. | Date | Student(s) | Amount won | District | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 11 May 2015 | Aswin Joseph & Nithya | 6,40,000/- | Govt. HSS, Kalpetta, Wayanad |  |
| 2 | 12 May 2015 | Aswin & Krishnapriya | 10,000/- | Vyasa Vidyanikethan Central School, Chalakudy, Thrissur |  |
| 3 | 13 May 2015 | Abhimanyu Unnikrishnan & Hridya | 3,20,000/- | Govt.HSS Kuttippuram, Malappuram |  |
| 4 | 14 May 2015 | Bilal Husaain & Swaliha | 1,60,000/- | GHSS,Koothuparambu,Kannur |  |

### Season 4

Asianet announced the fourth season of NAK in late 2016. The first question for entry was published on the channel 7 November 2016 at 6:30 pm. Suresh Gopi hosted the fourth season. The show was launched on 16 January 2017 with Sujatha Mohan and Swetha Mohan rendering the inaugural song (Allah thero Naah).

#### Celebrity guests

| No. | Date | Guest(s) | Amount won | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 2 February | Sujatha Mohan and Swetha Mohan | 1,60,000/- |  |
| 2 | 14 February | Miya | 1,60,000/- | Valentine's Day special episode |
| 3 | 22–27 February | Innocent | 6,40,000/- |  |
| 4 | 8 March | Chippy Renjith and Gayatri Arun | 80,000 | Women's day special episode |
| 5 | 16 March | Anusree | 1,60,000/- |  |
| 6 | 27, 28 March | Rajisha Vijayan and Aparna Balamurali | 3,20,000/- |  |
| 7 | 6 April | Rekha Ratheesh |  |  |
| 8 | 10 April | Roopa Sree, Meghna Vincent |  |  |
| 9 | 11 April | Sneha Divakar |  |  |
| 10 | 12 April | Jewel Mary |  |  |
| 11 | 13 April | Meena (actress) |  |  |
| 13 | 20 April | Shalu Kurian |  |  |
| 14 | 27 April | Sethu Lakshmi, Rajesh Hebbar |  |  |
| 15 | 11 May | Jayaraj Warrier |  |  |
| 16 | 15 May | Baby Meenakshi, Anika Surendran |  |  |
| 17 | 16 May | Sreya Jayadeep, Gauri. P. Krishnan |  |  |
| 18 | 17 May | Gaurav Melon, Baby Nayantara |  |  |
| 19 | 18 May | Master Rudraksh, Master Ajaas |  |  |
| 20 | 22 May | Vaikom Vijayalakshmi, Sithara (singer) |  |  |
| 21 | 23 May | Ranjini Jose, Sachin Warrier |  |  |
| 22 | 24 May | Kavya, Sooraj Santhosh |  |  |
| 23 | 25 May | Sayanora Philip, Gayathri |  |  |
| 24 | 26 June | Nandu, Thesni Khan |  |  |
| 25 | 27 June | K. P. A. C. Lalitha, Sshivada |  |  |
| 26 | 28 June | Sajan Surya, Devi Chandana |  |  |
| 27 | 29 June | Surabhi Lakshmi |  |  |
| 28 | 6 July | Sheela, Parvathy Nambiar | 6,40,000/- | Appeared in the closing episode (100th episode) of Season 4 of the show |

#### Kodeeshwaran Junior

This is a special round that contained school students as the contestants. The episodes were telecasted from 1 May 2017 to 10 May 2017, from 5 June 2017 to 9 June 2017 and again from 19 June 2017 to 23 June 2017.

| No. | Date | Students | Amount won |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1, 2 May | Keerthana & Darshana | 1,60,000/- |
| 2 | 3, 4 May | Sreya & Prathyusha | 1,60,000/- |
| 3 | 8 May | Allen & Kevin | 10,000/- |
| 4 | 8, 9 May | Malavika & Arya | 80,000/- |
| 5 | 10 May | Arundhati & Sarad | 40,000/- |
| 6 | 5 June | Abhiram & Meera | 40,000/- |
| 7 | 6,7 June | Arya & Sreya | 6,40,000/- |
| 8 | 7, 8 June | Juhina & Allen | 1,60,000/- |
| 9 | 9, 19 June | Aswin & Anuvinda | 40,000/- |
| 10 | 19, 20 June | Jeevan & Neha | 3,20,000/- |
| 11 | 21, 22, 23 June | Charudath & Shamna | 12,50,000/- |

## Rules

The standard *Millionaire* format is used, with the Fastest Finger contest before the main game.

The money won after each question is roughly doubled from the previous amount won, exponentially increasing the amount won after each correct answer until the contestant reaches the final question, after which they win the maximum prize (1 crore).

### Prize table

| All seasons |
| --- |
| * 1,000/- * 2,000/- * 3,000/- * 5,000/- * **10,000** * 20,000/- * 40,000/- * 80,000/- * 1,60,000/- * **3,20,000/-** * 6,40,000/- * 12,50,000 * 25,00,000 * 50,00,000/- * **1,00,00,000/-** |

### Lifelines

A contestant can use a lifeline when he/she is undecided about which answer is correct. A lifeline can only be used once.

* **Audience Poll:** If the contestant uses this lifeline, it will result in the host repeating the question to the audience. The studio audience get 10 seconds to answer the question. Audience members use touch pads to designate what they believe the correct answer to be. After the audience have chosen their choices, the results are displayed to the contestant in percentages in bar-graph format and also shown on the monitors screens of the host and contestant, as well as the TV viewers.
* **Phone a Friend:** If the contestant uses this lifeline, the contestant is allowed to call one of the three pre-arranged friends, who all have to provide their phone numbers in advance. The host usually starts off by talking to the contestant's friend and introduces him/her to the viewers. After the introduction, the host hands the phone call over to the contestant who then immediately has 30 seconds to ask and hope for a reply from their friend.
* **Fifty-Fifty (50/50)** (*except season 3*): If the contestant uses this lifeline, the host will ask the computer to randomly remove and eliminate two of the "wrong" answers. This will leave one right answer and one wrong answer, resulting in a situation of eliminating 50% of the choices as well as having a 50% chance of getting the answer right if the contestant is in a situation of making a guess.
* **Double Dip** (*for season 3*): This lifeline allows the contestant to make two guesses at a question. Getting both answers incorrect results in the contestant's winnings dropping back down to the last milestone achieved. This lifeline differs from others in that once the player has chosen to use this lifeline, he/she must answer the question, and cannot walk away or use any further lifelines on that question.
* **Code Red** (*from season 3*) which gives the opportunity for the contestant's family members to warn the contestant if they feel the answer is wrong.

### Records

Sanooja Rajan from Nedumangad, Thiruvananthapuram made history by winning the top prize (1,00,00,000/-) in Season 2. This made Ningalkkum Aakaam Kodeeswaran as the second version after KBC to have a top score winner in India. Shyla C. K was the top scorer of Ningalkum Aakaam Kodeeshwaran in Season 1, winning 50 lakh. This season also witnessed the game played by pairs other than Individuals while previously pairs game were allowed only for celebrities.

#### Top scorers

| No. | Date | Name | Place | Amount won |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 30 April 2013 – 1 May 2013 (season 2) | Sanooja Rajan | Nedumangad | 1,00,00,000/- |
| 2 | 15–17 May 2012 (season 1) | Shyla C.K | Painavu | 50,00,000/- |
| 3 | 6 April 2015 (season 3) | Sooraj | Pappanamcode | 50,00,000/- |
| 4 | 7–8 May 2012 (season 1) | Shobha | Kadakkavoor | 25,00,000/- |
| 5 | 22–23 August 2012 (season 1) | Aneesh | Mavelikkara | 25,00,000/- |
| 6 | 7 March 2013 (season 2) | Sangeetha | Pathanamthitta | 25,00,000/- |
| 7 | 4 April 2013 (season 2) | Kishore K.P | Thrissur | 25,00,000/- |
| 8 | 11 March 2015 (season 3) | Dhanya | Beypore | 25,00,000/- |
|

## InfoBox

| *Ningalkkum Aakaam Kodeeshwaran* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Malayalam | *നിങ്ങൾക്കും ആകാം കോടീശ്വരൻ* |
|  | |
| Genre | Game show |
| Presented by | Suresh Gopi |
| Composers | Keith Strachan
Matthew Strachan |
| Country of origin | India |
| Original language | Malayalam |
| No. of seasons | 5 |
| No. of episodes | 444 |
| Production | |
| Running time | 60 minutes |
| Production company | BIG Synergy |
| Original release | |
| Network | Asianet (seasons 1-4)
Mazhavil Manorama (season 5) |
| Release | 9 April 2012 (2012-04-09)
31 March 2020 (2020-03-31) |


title: Ningbing false antechinus

abstract: The Ningbing false antechinus, also known as the Ningbing pseudantechinus, is a small species of carnivorous marsupial found in north-western Australia. It is locally common throughout the Kimberley region of Western Australia and the Northern Territory.

text:
# Ningbing false antechinus

The **Ningbing false antechinus** (***Pseudantechinus ningbing***), also known as the **Ningbing pseudantechinus**, is a small species of carnivorous marsupial found in north-western Australia. It is locally common throughout the Kimberley region of Western Australia and the Northern Territory.

## Taxonomy

The Ningbing false antechinus was first collected by Harry Butler at Ningbing, an abandoned station in the Kimberley region. It was long considered to be a form of the fat-tailed false antechinus (*P. macdonnellensis*), but was given distinct species status by D. J. Kitchener in 1988. Its common and species names honour the location of its discovery.

The Ningbing false antechinus is a dasyurid marsupial and is closely related to other false antechinuses, particularly the fat-tailed false antechinus.

## Description

The Ningbing false antechinus is similar to the fat-tailed false antechinus (*Pseudantechinus macdonnellensis*) but the females have four and not six teats. It also has a longer tail, with long hairs at the base and the remainder slightly scaly in appearance.

The behaviour of this species is little known. It mates in June and has a comparatively long gestation of 45–52 days. Young are born in July–August and are weaned by October–November.

## Habitat

The Ningbing false antechinus is found in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, inhabiting rocky outcrops in a wide range of vegetation types.

## InfoBox

| Ningbing false antechinus | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Infraclass: | Marsupialia |
| Order: | Dasyuromorphia |
| Family: | Dasyuridae |
| Genus: | *Pseudantechinus* |
| Species: | ***P. ningbing*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudantechinus ningbing***
Kitchener 1988 | |
|
|  | |
| Ningbing false antechinus range | |


title: Nine of Wands

abstract: The Nine of Wands is a Minor Arcana tarot card. Tarot cards are used throughout much of Europe to play tarot card games. In English-speaking countries, where the games are largely unknown, tarot cards came to be utilized primarily for divinatory purposes.

text:
# Nine of Wands

The **Nine of Wands** is a Minor Arcana tarot card.

Tarot cards are used throughout much of Europe to play tarot card games. In English-speaking countries, where the games are largely unknown, tarot cards came to be utilized primarily for divinatory purposes.

## Divinatory purposes

This card depicts a figure, weary from battle yet prepared to fight on. Order, discipline and an unassailable position. Any opposition will be defeated. Courage in the face of attack or adversity and a stability that cannot be removed. Good health.

**Dignified or reversed** – Lack or inability to give and take. Projects pursued that are destined to fail because of their impractical nature. Delays and disarray. Card could indicate possible poor or ill health. A secure position that is no longer. Personality flaws may, in fact, be stepping-stones to the throne of harmony.

## Key meanings

The key meanings of the Nine of Wands:

* Afraid
* Cautious
* Defensive
* Impermanent security
* Inner strength
* Persistence
* Resilience

## Astrological correspondence

The Nine of Wands is associated to the Moon in Sagittarius.


title: Nitella opaca

abstract: Nitella opaca is a species of algae in the family Characeae.

text:
# Nitella opaca

***Nitella opaca*** is a species of algae in the family Characeae.

## Description

*Nitella opaca* is a dioecious species very similar to *Nitella flexilis* and difficult to distinguish from it.

## Distribution

*Nitella opaca* has been observed in fresh waters, mostly lakes. Can be found up to 12 m deep.

## Etymology

From the Latin adjective *opaca*, meaning "opaque", "not shining".

## InfoBox

| *Nitella opaca* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Nitella opaca* from the Whitchurch canal | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| *Clade*: | Viridiplantae |
| (unranked): | Charophyta |
| Class: | Charophyceae |
| Order: | Charales |
| Family: | Characeae |
| Genus: | *Nitella* |
| Species: | ***N. opaca*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Nitella opaca***<br>(C.Agardh ex Bruzelius) C.Agardh | |
|


title: Nitella translucens

abstract: Nitella translucens is a species of stonewort belonging to the family Characeae. It has cosmopolitan distribution.

text:
# Nitella translucens

***Nitella translucens*** is a species of stonewort belonging to the family Characeae.

It has cosmopolitan distribution.

## InfoBox

| *Nitella translucens* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| *Clade*: | Viridiplantae |
| (unranked): | Charophyta |
| Class: | Charophyceae |
| Order: | Charales |
| Family: | Characeae |
| Genus: | *Nitella* |
| Species: | ***N. translucens*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Nitella translucens***<br>(Pers.) C.Agardh | |
|