title: Negishi coupling

abstract:
The Negishi coupling is a widely employed transition metal catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. The reaction couples organic halides or triflates with organozinc compounds, forming carbon-carbon bonds (C-C) in the process. A palladium (0) species is generally utilized as the catalyst, though nickel is sometimes used. A variety of nickel catalysts in either Ni⁰ or NiII oxidation state can be employed in Negishi cross couplings such as Ni(PPh3)4, Ni(acac)2, Ni(COD)2 etc.
  -
    - The leaving group X is usually chloride, bromide, or iodide, but triflate and acetyloxy groups are feasible as well. X = Cl usually leads to slow reactions.
    - The organic residue R = alkenyl, aryl, allyl, alkynyl or propargyl.
    - The halide X' in the organozinc compound can be chloride, bromine or iodine and the organic residue R' is alkenyl, aryl, allyl, alkyl, benzyl, homoallyl, and homopropargyl.
    - The metal M in the catalyst is nickel or palladium
    - The ligand L in the catalyst can be triphenylphosphine, dppe, BINAP, chiraphos or XPhos. Palladium catalysts in general have higher chemical yields and higher functional group tolerance. The Negishi coupling finds common use in the field of total synthesis as a method for selectively forming C-C bonds between complex synthetic intermediates. The reaction allows for the coupling of sp⁳, sp⁲, and sp carbon atoms, (see orbital hybridization) which make it somewhat unusual among the palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions. Organozincs are moisture and air sensitive, so the Negishi coupling must be performed in an oxygen and water free environment, a fact that has hindered its use relative to other cross-coupling reactions that require less robust conditions (i.e. Suzuki reaction). However, organozincs are more reactive than both organostannanes and organoborates which correlates to faster reaction times. The reaction is named after Ei-ichi Negishi who was a co-recipient of the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery and development of this reaction. Negishi and coworkers originally investigated the cross-coupling of organoaluminum reagents in 1976 initially employing Ni and Pd as the transition metal catalysts, but noted that Ni resulted in the decay of stereospecifity whereas Pd did not. Transitioning from organoaluminum species to organozinc compounds Negishi and coworkers reported the use of Pd complexes in organozinc coupling reactions and carried out methods studies, eventually developing the reaction conditions into those commonly utilized today. Alongside Richard F. Heck and Akira Suzuki, El-ichi Negishi was a co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2010, for his work on "palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis".

text:
# Negishi coupling

The **Negishi coupling** is a widely employed transition metal catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. The reaction couples organic halides or triflates with organozinc compounds, forming carbon-carbon bonds (C-C) in the process. A palladium (0) species is generally utilized as the catalyst, though nickel is sometimes used. A variety of nickel catalysts in either Ni0 or NiII oxidation state can be employed in Negishi cross couplings such as Ni(PPh3)4, Ni(acac)2, Ni(COD)2 etc.

Palladium catalysts in general have higher chemical yields and higher functional group tolerance.

The Negishi coupling finds common use in the field of total synthesis as a method for selectively forming C-C bonds between complex synthetic intermediates. The reaction allows for the coupling of sp3, sp2, and sp carbon atoms, (see orbital hybridization) which make it somewhat unusual among the palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions. Organozincs are moisture and air sensitive, so the Negishi coupling must be performed in an oxygen and water free environment, a fact that has hindered its use relative to other cross-coupling reactions that require less robust conditions (i.e. Suzuki reaction). However, organozincs are more reactive than both organostannanes and organoborates which correlates to faster reaction times.

The reaction is named after Ei-ichi Negishi who was a co-recipient of the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery and development of this reaction.

Negishi and coworkers originally investigated the cross-coupling of organoaluminum reagents in 1976 initially employing Ni and Pd as the transition metal catalysts, but noted that Ni resulted in the decay of stereospecifity whereas Pd did not. Transitioning from organoaluminum species to organozinc compounds Negishi and coworkers reported the use of Pd complexes in organozinc coupling reactions and carried out methods studies, eventually developing the reaction conditions into those commonly utilized today. Alongside Richard F. Heck and Akira Suzuki, El-ichi Negishi was a co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2010, for his work on "palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis".

## Reaction mechanism

The reaction mechanism is thought to proceed via a standard Pd catalyzed cross-coupling pathway, starting with a Pd(0) species, which is oxidized to Pd(II) in an oxidative addition step involving the organohalide species. This step proceeds with aryl, vinyl, alkynyl, and acyl halides, acetates, or triflates, with substrates following standard oxidative addition relative rates (I\>OTf\>Br\>\>Cl).

The actual mechanism of oxidative addition is unresolved, though there are two likely pathways. One pathway is thought to proceed via an SN2 like mechanism resulting in inverted stereochemistry. The other pathway proceeds via concerted addition and retains stereochemistry.

Though the additions are cis- the Pd(II) complex rapidly isomerizes to the trans- complex.

Next, the transmetalation step occurs where the organozinc reagent exchanges its organic substituent with the halide in the Pd(II) complex, generating the trans- Pd(II) complex and a zinc halide salt. The organozinc substrate can be aryl, vinyl, allyl, benzyl, homoallyl, or homopropargyl. Transmetalation is usually rate limiting and a complete mechanistic understanding of this step has not yet been reached though several studies have shed light on this process. Alkylzinc species form higher-order zincate species prior to transmetalation whereas arylzinc species do not. ZnXR and ZnR2 can both be used as reactive reagents, and Zn is known to prefer four coordinate complexes, which means solvent coordinated Zn complexes, such as ZnXR(solvent)2 cannot be ruled out *a priori*. Studies indicate competing equilibriums exist between cis- and trans- bis alkyl organopalladium complexes, but that the only productive intermediate is the cis complex.

The last step in the catalytic pathway of the Negishi coupling is reductive elimination, which is thought to proceed via a three coordinate transition state, yielding the coupled organic product and regenerating the Pd(0) catalyst. For this step to occur, the aforementioned cis- alkyl organopalladium complex must be formed.

Both organozinc halides and diorganozinc compounds can be used as starting materials. In one model system it was found that in the transmetalation step the former give the cis-adduct R-Pd-R' resulting in fast reductive elimination to product while the latter gives the trans-adduct which has to go through a slow trans-cis isomerization first.

A common side reaction is homocoupling. In one Negishi model system the formation of homocoupling was found to be the result of a second transmetalation reaction between the diarylmetal intermediate and arylmetal halide:

Ar–Pd–Ar' + Ar'–Zn–X → Ar'–Pd–Ar' + Ar–Zn–X Ar'–Pd–Ar' → Ar'–Ar' + Pd(0) *(homocoupling)* Ar–Zn–X + H2O → Ar–H + HO–Zn–X *(reaction accompanied by dehalogenation)*

Nickel catalyzed systems can operate under different mechanisms depending on the coupling partners. Unlike palladium systems which involve only Pd0 or PdII, nickel catalyzed systems can involve nickel of different oxidation states. Both systems are similar in that they involve similar elementary steps: oxidative addition, transmetalation, and reductive elimination. Both systems also have to address issues of β-hydride elimination and difficult oxidative addition of alkyl electrophiles.

For unactivated alkyl electrophiles, one possible mechanism is a transmetalation first mechanism. In this mechanism, the alkyl zinc species would first transmetalate with the nickel catalyst. Then the nickel would abstract the halide from the alkyl halide resulting in the alkyl radical and oxidation of nickel after addition of the radical.

One important factor when contemplating the mechanism of a nickel catalyzed cross coupling is that reductive elimination is facile from NiIII species, but very difficult from NiII species. Kochi and Morrell provided evidence for this by isolating NiII complex Ni(PEt3)2(Me)(*o*-tolyl), which did not undergo reductive elimination quickly enough to be involved in this elementary step.

## Scope

The Negishi coupling has been applied the following illustrative syntheses:

Negishi coupling has been applied in the synthesis of hexaferrocenylbenzene:

with hexaiodidobenzene, diferrocenylzinc and tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) in tetrahydrofuran. The yield is only 4% signifying substantial crowding around the aryl core.

In a novel modification palladium is first oxidized by the haloketone *2-chloro-2-phenylacetophenone* **1** and the resulting palladium OPdCl complex then accepts both the organozinc compound **2** and the organotin compound **3** in a double transmetalation:

Examples of nickel catalyzed Negishi couplings include sp2-sp2, sp2-sp3, and sp3-sp3 systems. In the system first studied by Negishi, aryl-aryl cross coupling was catalyzed by Ni(PPh3)4 generated *in situ* through reduction of Ni(acac)2 with PPh3 and (i-Bu)2AlH.

Variations have also been developed to allow for the cross-coupling of aryl and alkenyl partners. In the variation developed by Knochel et al, aryl zinc bromides were reacted with vinyl triflates and vinyl halides.

Reactions between sp3-sp3 centers are often more difficult; however, adding an unsaturated ligand with an electron withdrawing group as a cocatalyst improved the yield in some systems. It is believed that added coordination from the unsaturated ligand favors reductive elimination over β-hydride elimination. This also works in some alkyl-aryl systems.

Several asymmetric variants exist and many utilize Pybox ligands.

### Industrial applications

The Negishi coupling is not employed as frequently in industrial applications as its cousins the Suzuki reaction and Heck reaction, mostly as a result of the water and air sensitivity of the required aryl or alkyl zinc reagents. In 2003 Novartis employed a Negishi coupling in the manufacture of PDE472, a phosphodiesterase type 4D inhibitor, which was being investigated as a drug lead for the treatment of asthma. The Negishi coupling was used as an alternative to the Suzuki reaction providing improved yields, 73% on a 4.5 kg scale, of the desired benzodioxazole synthetic intermediate.

### Applications in total synthesis

Where the Negishi coupling is rarely used in industrial chemistry, a result of the aforementioned water and oxygen sensitivity, it finds wide use in the field of natural products total synthesis. The increased reactivity relative to other cross-coupling reactions makes the Negishi coupling ideal for joining complex intermediates in the synthesis of natural products. Additionally, Zn is more environmentally friendly than other metals such as Sn used in the Stille coupling. The Negishi coupling historically is not used as much as the Stille or Suzuki coupling. When it comes to fragment-coupling processes the Negishi coupling is particularly useful, especially when compared to the aforementioned Stille and Suzuki coupling reactions. The major drawback of the Negishi coupling, aside from its water and oxygen sensitivity, is its relative lack of functional group tolerance when compared to other cross-coupling reactions.

(−)-stemoamide is a natural product found in the root extracts of ‘’Stemona tuberosa’’. These extracts have been used Japanese and Chinese folk medicine to treat respiratory disorders, and (−)-stemoamide is also an anthelminthic. Somfai and coworkers employed a Negishi coupling in their synthesis of (−)-stemoamide. The reaction was implemented mid-synthesis, forming an sp3-sp2 c-c bond between β,γ-unsaturated ester and an intermediate diene **4** with a 78% yield of product **5**. Somfai completed the stereoselective total synthesis of (−)-stemoamide in 12-steps with a 20% overall yield.

Kibayashi and coworkers utilized the Negishi coupling in the total synthesis of Pumiliotoxin B. Pumiliotoxin B is one of the major toxic alkaloids isolated from Dendrobates pumilio, a Panamanian poison frog. These toxic alkaloids display modulatory effects on voltage-dependent sodium channels, resulting in cardiotonic and myotonic activity. Kibayashi employed the Negishi coupling late stage in the synthesis of Pumiliotoxin B, coupling a homoallylic sp3 carbon on the zinc alkylidene indolizidine **6** with the (E)-vinyl iodide **7** with a 51% yield. The natural product was then obtained after deprotection.

δ-trans-tocotrienoloic acid isolated from the plant, Chrysochlamys ulei, is a natural product shown to inhibit DNA polymerase β (pol β), which functions to repair DNA via base excision. Inhibition of pol B in conjunction with other chemotherapy drugs may increase the cytotoxicity of these chemotherapeutics, leading to lower effective dosages. The Negishi coupling was implemented in the synthesis of δ-trans-tocotrienoloic acid by Hecht and Maloney coupling the sp3 homopropargyl zinc reagent **8** with sp2 vinyl iodide **9**. The reaction proceeded with quantitative yield, coupling fragments mid-synthesis en route to the stereoselectively synthesized natural product δ-trans-tocotrienoloic acid.

Smith and Fu demonstrated that their method to couple secondary nucleophiles with secondary alkyl electrophiles could be applied to the formal synthesis of α-cembra-2,7,11-triene-4,6-diol, a target with antitumor activity. They achieved a 61% yield on a gram scale using their method to install an *iso*-propyl group. This method would be highly adaptable in this application for diversification and installing other alkyl groups to enable structure-activbity relationship (SAR) studies.

Kirschning and Schmidt applied nickel catalyzed negishi cross-coupling to the first total synthesis of carolactone. In this application, they achieved 82% yield and dr = 10:1.

## Preparation of organozinc precursors

Alkylzinc reagents can be accessed from the corresponding alkyl bromides using iodine in dimethylacetamide (DMAC). The catalytic I2 serves to activate the zinc towards nucleophilic addition.

Aryl zincs can be synthesized using mild reaction conditions via a Grignard like intermediate.

$$\begin{matrix}{}\\\{\ce {Ar-I-\>\[{\begin{matrix}{\ce {iPrMgCl}\\\{\text{THF}\end{matrix}\]\[{\ce {ZnBr2}\]Ar-ZnBr}\end{matrix}}}}}}$$

Organozincs can also be generated in situ and used in a one pot procedure as demonstrated by Knochel et al.

## Further reading

* McCann LC, Hunter HN, Clyburne JA, Organ MG (July 2012). "Higher-order zincates as transmetalators in alkyl-alkyl negishi cross-coupling". *Angewandte Chemie*. **51** (28): 7024–7. doi:10.1002/anie.201203547. PMID 22685029.
* Yang Y, Oldenhuis NJ, Buchwald SL (January 2013). "Mild and general conditions for negishi cross-coupling enabled by the use of palladacycle precatalysts". *Angewandte Chemie*. **52** (2): 615–9. doi:10.1002/anie.201207750. PMC 3697109. PMID 23172689.

## InfoBox

| Negishi coupling | |
| --- | --- |
| Named after | Ei-ichi Negishi |
| Reaction type | Coupling reaction |
| Identifiers | |
| Organic Chemistry Portal | negishi-coupling |
| RSC ontology ID | RXNO:0000088 |
|  | |


title: Mohawk Dunes fringe-toed lizard

abstract: The Mohawk Dunes fringe-toed lizard is a species of phrynosomatid lizard endemic to the U.S. state of Arizona. Its name is a reference to American actress Uma Thurman, as both a pun on the genus name Uma as well as a tribute to the actress for her conservation advocacy.

text:
# Mohawk Dunes fringe-toed lizard

The **Mohawk Dunes fringe-toed lizard** (***Uma thurmanae***) is a species of phrynosomatid lizard endemic to the U.S. state of Arizona. Its name is a reference to American actress Uma Thurman, as both a pun on the genus name *Uma* as well as a tribute to the actress for her conservation advocacy.

## Taxonomy

It is a cryptic species with few fixed morphological differences from other members of *Uma*, but has statistical morphological differences, and is also genetically distinct from the rest of the genus according to mtDNA. It was first identified as a potentially distinct species in 2001, which was further verified in a 2016 study, and was ultimately described as a distinct species, *Uma thurmanae*, in 2020. It is thought to be the most basal member of the *Uma notata* species complex.

## Distribution

It is restricted to the Mohawk Dunes, a dune system west of the Mohawk Mountains in southern Arizona.

## InfoBox

| Mohawk Dunes fringe-toed lizard | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Critically Imperiled  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Iguania |
| Family: | Phrynosomatidae |
| Genus: | *Uma* |
| Species: | ***U. thurmanae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Uma thurmanae***
Derycke, Gottscho, Mulcahy & de Queiroz, 2020 | |
|


title: Frances Linfield

abstract: Frances Ross Linfield was an American educator, social activist and philanthropist. In 1922, she made a gift to McMinnville College worth $250,000, prompting the school to change its name to Linfield College, in honor of her late husband, the Rev. George Fisher Linfield. In 2020, the school became Linfield University.

text:
# Frances Linfield

**Frances Ross Linfield** was an American educator, social activist and philanthropist. In 1922, she made a gift to McMinnville College worth $250,000, prompting the school to change its name to Linfield College, in honor of her late husband, the Rev. George Fisher Linfield. In 2020, the school became Linfield University.

## Early life and family

Frances Eleanor Ross was born in Penfield, New York, January 4, 1852. She was the daughter of Oliver Chapin and Betsey (Shearman) Ross. Her paternal ancestry traces back to William and Hannah (Hungerford) Ross who came from Barbados in 1678 to settle at Westerly, Rhode Island. Her earliest maternal ancestors in America were Philip and Sarah (Oddings) Shearman who came from Dedham, Essex, England in 1634 to settle in Roxbury, Massachusetts.

## Education and career

Frances Ross graduated from Elmira College in Elmira, New York, in 1873 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts; a half-century later, her alma mater conferred upon her the Master of Arts degree. Her first teaching position was the high school in Englewood, Illinois, now a part of Chicago. In 1876, she became a teacher of English and Latin in the Pennsylvania State Normal School at Mansfield (now Mansfield University of Pennsylvania). From 1877 to 1878, Miss Ross served as preceptress at the Delaware Literary Institute at Franklin, New York, where she taught English and French. In 1884, she became teacher of German, history and literature at Wayland Academy in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, where her husband served as the principal until his death in 1890. Mrs. Linfield left Wayland Academy in 1894 to continue her postgraduate studies at the University of Chicago.

Frances was called to the Pacific Northwest in 1895 in response to her ailing parents, then residents of Spokane, Washington. While devoting much of her time to care for her aged parents, she was appointed head of the department of modern languages at South Side High School (later Lewis and Clark High School), a position she held for seventeen years, until 1912. After her parents’ deaths, Frances Linfield took the position of Dean of Women at McMinnville College in McMinnville, Oregon, which she held from 1921 to 1928.

## Personal life

Frances Eleanor Ross married George Fisher Linfield on September 4, 1878, in Moline, Illinois. He was an ordained Baptist minister, worked as a teacher, and served as the principal of Wayland Academy. Mr. and Mrs. Linfield had had one son, Ross Linfield, who was born May 8, 1883, in Muscatine, Iowa. Ross died in infancy and was buried in Oakwood Cemetery at Beaver Dam, Dodge County, Wisconsin. The Rev. Linfield died April 30, 1890, in Beaver Dam, and also was buried in Oakwood Cemetery.

## Public service and philanthropy

During their tenure as instructors at Wayland Academy (and likely after the death of their young son, Ross), George and Frances Linfield determined that they should devote their life savings to promote Christian education. The original agreement between Mr. and Mrs. Linfield was that, if the Lord prospered them, they would someday make a generous contribution toward Christian education. In order to execute this plan, the couple agreed that during the first year, Rev. Linfield would pay all of their expenses, allowing Mrs. Linfield to invest her salary, while the succeeding year the plan should be reversed. Under this plan Mrs. Linfield invested $2,300 in real estate in Spokane, Washington. Using her own funds as well as those of her late husband, and property that she inherited from her parents, Mrs. Linfield made similar investments which continually grew in value.

In 1922, she made a gift to McMinnville College of her real estate holdings in Spokane, which were valued at $250,000. (According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistic's Consumer Price Index Inflation Calculator, $250,000 in 1922 would equate to nearly $3,800,000 in 2020.) As a condition of the gift, the school changed its name to Linfield College in honor of her late husband, the Rev. George Fisher Linfield.

The Spokane properties involved in her donation included a site at 714 W. Main Street, which Mrs. Linfield originally purchased for $2,300. It was later sold to S. H. Kress & Co. for $100,000. Property on Monroe Street between Sprague and First Streets that was originally owned by her father as early as 1889, was sold to Lee Hammond of the Hammond Tire company in 1928, also for $100,000. As of 1940, Linfield College retained ownership of a lot at the northwest corner of Sprague and Monroe, which was then occupied by the Cohn Brothers furniture store and the Fox garage.

During her residence in Spokane, Mrs. Linfield was a member of the Grace Baptist Church, and was very active in Baptist affairs. She served as counselor on the state convention board of eastern Washington and northern Idaho and also on the board of the Deaconess Hospital in Spokane. She served for many years as the Vice President of the Woman's American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society. She also held memberships in the American Association of University Women, the Daughters of the American Revolution, and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. From 1922 until her death, in 1940, Mrs. Linfield sat on the Board of Directors of Linfield College.

## Death

Frances Linfield died March 26, 1940, at her home in Portland, Oregon. She is buried at Lincoln Memorial Park in Portland.


title: Pennsylvania Route 502

abstract: Pennsylvania Route 502 is a 13.8-mile-long (22.2 km) state highway located in Lackawanna and Luzerne counties in Pennsylvania. The western terminus is at U.S. Route 11 in Moosic. The eastern terminus is at PA 435 in Covington Township. The route is a two-lane undivided road that runs through rural areas to the south of Scranton. From US 11, PA 502 comes to a northbound ramp to Interstate 81 (I-81) before winding through forested areas. Farther east, the route intersects the western terminus of PA 690 and crosses PA 307 before continuing to its eastern terminus at PA 435 in Daleville. PA 502 was designated in 1928 between US 11 in Moosic and US 611 in Daleville along an unpaved road. The route was paved in the 1930s.

text:
# Pennsylvania Route 502

**Pennsylvania Route 502** (**PA 502**) is a 13.8-mile-long (22.2 km) state highway located in Lackawanna and Luzerne counties in Pennsylvania. The western terminus is at U.S. Route 11 (US 11) in Moosic. The eastern terminus is at PA 435 in Covington Township. The route is a two-lane undivided road that runs through rural areas to the south of Scranton. From US 11, PA 502 comes to a northbound ramp to Interstate 81 (I-81) before winding through forested areas. Farther east, the route intersects the western terminus of PA 690 and crosses PA 307 before continuing to its eastern terminus at PA 435 in Daleville. PA 502 was designated in 1928 between US 11 in Moosic and US 611 (now PA 435) in Daleville along an unpaved road. The route was paved in the 1930s.

## Route description

PA 502 begins at an intersection with US 11 in the borough of Moosic in Lackawanna County, heading east-southeast on two-lane undivided Springbrook Avenue. The road heads through residential and commercial areas, turning east and passing under I-81, where there is a ramp to the northbound direction of that highway. The route crosses Spring Brook and heads through residential areas, turning southeast again. PA 502 crosses the stream again before passing under I-476 (Pennsylvania Turnpike Northeast Extension) and a Luzerne and Susquehanna Railway line before heading into wooded areas with some homes and turning south. The road enters Pittston Township in Luzerne County and passes through Glendale, turning southeast and running past more homes before heading into forests and turning east again. The route heads into Spring Brook Township in Lackawanna County and becomes an unnamed road, winding east through more forests. PA 502 turns to the southeast and passes to the west of Nesbitt Reservoir before curving east into wooded areas with some homes. The road intersects the western terminus of PA 690 in Rockdale and heads through more woods with some fields and residences, passing through Spring Brook and Yostville. The route heads into Covington Township and becomes Daleville Highway, turning northeast and passing over I-380 before intersecting PA 307. PA 502 runs through wooded areas with homes before coming into a commercial area, gaining a center left-turn lane and ending at PA 435 in Daleville.

## History

When Pennsylvania first legislated routes in 1911, what is now PA 502 was not given a number. PA 502 was designated in 1928 to run from US 11 in Moosic east to US 611 (now PA 435) in Daleville along its current alignment. At this time, the entire length of the route was unpaved. The entire length of PA 502 was paved during the 1930s.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Lackawanna | Moosic | 0.000 | 0.000 |

US 11 (Birney Avenue) to I-81 south | Western terminus |
| | | 0.284 | 0.457 |
I-81 north Scranton | Access to northbound I-81 only |
| Luzerne
 | No major junctions | | | | | | | |
| Lackawanna | Spring Brook Township | 8.453 | 13.604 |
PA 690 east | Western terminus of PA 690 |
| | Covington Township | 12.700 | 20.439 | PA 307 (Scranton-Pocono Highway) Stroudsburg, Scranton |  |
| | 13.776 | 22.170 | PA 435 (Drinker Turnpike) | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/Pennsylvania Route 502KML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| Pennsylvania Route 502 | |
| --- | --- |
| PA 502 highlighted in red | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by PennDOT | |
| Length | 13.776 mi (22.170 km) |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | US 11 in Moosic |
| Major intersections | I-81 in Moosic
PA 690 in Spring Brook Township
PA 307 in Covington Township |
| East end | PA 435 in Covington Township |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Pennsylvania |
| Counties | Lackawanna, Luzerne |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| PA 501   PA 503 | |


title: Han Da-hye

abstract:
Han Da-hye is a South Korean volleyball player. She is part of the South Korea women's national volleyball team. She participated in the 2021 FIVB Volleyball Women's Nations League.
On a club level she was 5th pick in the third round of the 2013-2014 draft, signing for GS Caltex Seoul KIXX.

text:
# Han Da-hye

**Han Da-hye** (Korean: 한다혜; born 28 February 1995) is a South Korean volleyball player. She is part of the South Korea women's national volleyball team.

She participated in the 2021 FIVB Volleyball Women's Nations League. On a club level she was 5th pick in the third round of the 2013-2014 draft, signing for GS Caltex Seoul KIXX.

1. "Team Roster – South Korea". Retrieved 18 June 2021.
2. "Team Roster – GS Caltex". Retrieved 18 June 2021.

## InfoBox

| Han Da-hye | |
| --- | --- |
| Han Da-hye in 2024 | |
| Personal information | |
| Nationality | South Korean |
| Born | (1995-02-28) 28 February 1995<br>Seoul |
| Height | 164 cm (65 in) |
| Weight | 50 kg (110 lb) |
| Volleyball information | |
| Position | Libero |
| Number | 5 (national team) |
| Career | |
| Years Teams  2013 - GS Caltex Seoul KIXX | |
| National team | |
| 2021 -  South Korea | |


title: Robert Neubauer

abstract: Robert Neubauer was a Slovene doctor, specialising in phthisiology. Neubauer was born in Vienna in 1895 to a German father and a Slovene mother. He studied medicine at the University of Vienna and graduated in 1922. In 1923 he started running the Hospital for Pulmonary and Allergic Diseases in Golnik, making it one of the leading hospitals of its kind in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. After the German invasion of Yugoslavia he was arrested and moved to Ljubljana. In 1942 he joined the Slovene Liberation Front and in 1944 joined the partisans. After the war he worked for the Yugoslav Red Cross and World Health Organization. He died in 1969 in Ljubljana. Within his cooperation with the WHO Neubauer travelled extensively and after a visit to Sri Lanka wrote a book entitled Ceylon published in 1957 for which he won the Levstik Award in 1958. Neubauer was a full member of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts from 1961.

text:
# Robert Neubauer

**Robert Neubauer** (7 December 1895 – 3 May 1969) was a Slovene doctor, specialising in phthisiology.

Neubauer was born in Vienna in 1895 to a German father and a Slovene mother. He studied medicine at the University of Vienna and graduated in 1922. In 1923 he started running the Hospital for Pulmonary and Allergic Diseases in Golnik, making it one of the leading hospitals of its kind in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. After the German invasion of Yugoslavia he was arrested and moved to Ljubljana. In 1942 he joined the Slovene Liberation Front and in 1944 joined the partisans. After the war he worked for the Yugoslav Red Cross and World Health Organization. He died in 1969 in Ljubljana.

Within his cooperation with the WHO Neubauer travelled extensively and after a visit to Sri Lanka wrote a book entitled *Ceylon* published in 1957 for which he won the Levstik Award in 1958.

Neubauer was a full member of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts from 1961.

## InfoBox

| Robert Neubauer | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1895-12-07)7 December 1895
Vienna, Austria |
| Died | 3 May 1969(1969-05-03) (aged 73)
Ljubljana, Slovenia |
| Known for | research into tuberculosis |
| Awards | Levstik Award
1958 *for Ceylon*
 |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | medicine, phthisiology |
|  | |


title: World Population Foundation

abstract: The World Population Foundation (WPF) was founded in 1987 in the Netherlands by Diana and Roy W. Brown. Their purpose was to create an organisation to draw attention to the effects of high birth rates and rapid population growth on maternal and infant mortality, communities and the environment, and to raise funds for population projects and programmes, with the ultimate aim of reducing world poverty and improving the quality of life of the world's poorest people. From 1987 until 1994, WPF was a small organisation mainly supported by donations from the founders and by consultancy assignments. In 1994, the WPF played an important role in the Dutch delegation of the International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo, Egypt. At this conference, the Cairo Programme of Action was adopted which still serves as a foundation for WPF's work. WPF works to reduce maternal and infant mortality, and improve sexual health and reproductive rights. It acknowledges that attention for these themes and to the improvement of services will contribute to the struggle against poverty worldwide. Therefore, WPF advocates the implementation of these themes in the UN's Millennium Development Goals. 2006-2009, the World Population Foundation's board members include Nafis Sadik, former Executive Director of UNFPA. As of 1 January 2011, Rutgers Nisso Groep and World Population Foundation (WPF) have merged under the new name Rutgers WPF. Chair of Rutgers WPF is Bert Koenders, former minister for Development Cooperation of the Netherlands.

text:
# World Population Foundation

The **World Population Foundation** (**WPF**) was founded in 1987 in the Netherlands by Diana and Roy W. Brown. Their purpose was to create an organisation to draw attention to the effects of high birth rates and rapid population growth on maternal and infant mortality, communities and the environment, and to raise funds for population projects and programmes, with the ultimate aim of reducing world poverty and improving the quality of life of the world's poorest people.

From 1987 until 1994, WPF was a small organisation mainly supported by donations from the founders and by consultancy assignments. In 1994, the WPF played an important role in the Dutch delegation of the International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo, Egypt. At this conference, the Cairo Programme of Action was adopted which still serves as a foundation for WPF's work.

WPF works to reduce maternal and infant mortality, and improve sexual health and reproductive rights. It acknowledges that attention for these themes and to the improvement of services will contribute to the struggle against poverty worldwide. Therefore, WPF advocates the implementation of these themes in the UN's Millennium Development Goals.

2006-2009, the World Population Foundation's board members include Nafis Sadik, former Executive Director of UNFPA. As of 1 January 2011, Rutgers Nisso Groep and World Population Foundation (WPF) have merged under the new name Rutgers WPF. Chair of Rutgers WPF is Bert Koenders, former minister for Development Cooperation of the Netherlands.

## In developing countries

WPF mainly supports local organisations that provide young and underprivileged people with access to information and services concerning sexuality and reproduction.

WPF works to strengthen the capacity of local organisations, assists in developing and implementing activities, and provides management training. WPF's approach is based on Dutch policies on sexual and reproductive health, especially with regard to young people. As of 2006, WPF supported NGOs in nine countries.

Currently WPF maintains field offices in Pakistan, Vietnam and Indonesia (Rutgers WPF Indonesia).

## Advocacy activities

WPF engages in advocacy with policy makers in the Netherlands, Europe, and, at the international level, with the United Nations. Indirect advocacy includes public awareness creation through the Dutch media and with partner organizations in developing countries.

WPF is an active member of Share-Net and EuroNGOs. In 2004 WPF was granted 'Special Consultative Status' by the United Nations Economic and Social Council.

WPF established a youth organization: CHOICE for youth and sexuality. CHOICE went on to initiate the Youth Coalition and YouAct, a European youth network on sexual and reproductive health and rights.

In the Netherlands WPF is campaigning under the MYBODY label, with the slogan My Life, My Choice, MYBODY.

"EC/UNFPA Reproductive Health Initiative Pakistan". *UN Pakistan*. UNFPA. Archived from the original on 2008-04-22. Retrieved 2008-05-01.

"Grant". *Global Health Program*. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.


title: Mounds View Public Schools

abstract: Mounds View Public Schools is a Minnesota school district serving the cities of Arden Hills, Mounds View, New Brighton, North Oaks, Roseville, Shoreview, Vadnais Heights and portions of Spring Lake Park and White Bear Township. The district currently operates 13 schools and a handful of other educational programs. The District is consistently ranked among the top 10 metro school districts. On average, District students perform 1–3 grade levels higher than their peers in the state of Minnesota. The district enrolls more than 80% of the students in its attendance area.

text:
# Mounds View Public Schools

**Mounds View Public Schools (District 621)** is a Minnesota school district serving the cities of Arden Hills, Mounds View, New Brighton, North Oaks, Roseville, Shoreview, Vadnais Heights and portions of Spring Lake Park and White Bear Township. The district currently operates 13 schools and a handful of other educational programs.

The District is consistently ranked among the top 10 metro school districts. On average, District students perform 1–3 grade levels higher than their peers in the state of Minnesota. The district enrolls more than 80% of the students in its attendance area.

## Schools

### High schools

Irondale High School and Mounds View High School were both named among the best high schools in the nation by *U.S. News & World Report* (top 15 in the state of Minnesota) for exceeding expectations when it comes to student performance on reading and math test, and for preparing students for college.

Located in New Brighton, MN, Irondale High School was founded in 1967, and serves over 1700 students. It was featured as "One of the top high schools in the country" by Newsweek. Located in Arden Hills, MN. Mounds View High School has been an active school in District 621 since 1955, and serves over 1800 students.

### Middle schools

* Chippewa Middle School

Located in North Oaks, Chippewa serves over 1100 students. * Edgewood Middle School

Located in Mounds View, MN, Edgewood serves over 600 students. * Highview Middle School

Located in New Brighton, MN, Highview serves over than 800 students.

### Elementary schools

Elementary schools serve grades 1-5.

* Bel Air Elementary

Located in New Brighton, MN, Bel Air serves over 700 students. * Island Lake Elementary

Located in Shoreview, MN, Island Lake serves over 700 students in the surrounding area of Shoreview, Vadnais Heights, and Arden Hills. * Pinewood Elementary School

Located in Mounds View, MN, Pinewood serves over 500 students in first through fifth grade from Mounds View and Shoreview. * Red Oak School

Located in Mounds View, MN, Red Oak serves students in kindergarten through sixth grade from Mounds View. * Sunnyside Elementary

Located in New Brighton, MN, Sunnyside serves over 500 students from Mounds View and New Brighton. * Turtle Lake Elementary

Located in Shoreview, MN, Turtle Lake is the largest elementary school in the Mounds View Public School District, serving over 1000 students from northern Shoreview. * Valentine Hills Elementary

Located in Arden Hills, MN, Valentine Hills serves over 600 students from Arden Hills and sections of New Brighton and Roseville.

### Kindergarten Centers

* Kindergarten Center at Pike Lake Education Center

Located in New Brighton, MN. Serves over 500 students that will go on to attend Bel Air Elementary, Pinewood Elementary, Sunnyside Elementary or Valentine Hills Elementary. * Kindergarten Center at Snail Lake Education Center

Located in Shoreview, MN. Serves over 300 students that will go on to attend Island Lake Elementary or Turtle Lake Elementary.

### Other programs

* Area Learning Center (ALC)

Located in Mounds View, MN, the Area Learning Center is a non-traditional program designed to help students meet their high school graduation requirements. * Bridges

Located in Mounds View, MN, Bridges provides rigorous academic instruction, while also focusing on meeting students' behavioral and social skills needs. * Career & Life Transition Program (CLT)

Career and Life Transition Program is a community-based initiative between the Mounds View and Roseville Public School Districts. The CLT program is for students who are 18–21 years of age, have transition needs identified in their Individual Education Plan (IEP), and have not received a high school diploma. * Early Childhood Education Program

Three locations: Early Childhood Education Center in New Brighton; Pike Lake Education Center (see below); Snail Lake Education Center (see below); This program serves families and their children prenatal through kindergarten entry. * REACH Academy (formerly Oak Grove)

Located in Roseville MN, REACH Academy offers a special education program for students in grades 8-11 from Mounds View Public Schools and several surrounding districts. * Pike Lake Education Center

Located in New Brighton, PLEC used to be Pike Lake Elementary School. Features Pike Lake Kindergarten Center, which feeds Bel Air Elementary, Pinewood Elementary, Sunnyside Elementary, and Valentine Hills Elementary along with part of the Early Childhood Education Program. * Snail Lake Education Center

Located in Shoreview, SLEC used to be Snail Lake Elementary which closed in 2005 after celebrating about 100 years as a school. Features Snail Lake Kindergarten Center, which feeds Island Lake Elementary and Turtle Lake Elementary along with part of the Early Childhood Education Program.

## Laurentian Environmental Center

5th and 7th grade students in the school district are given the opportunity annually to attend a four-day camp at Laurentian Environmental Center, during which they learn about the wilderness and outdoor survival. Mounds View High School Orchestra students have a chance to go attend around Halloween.

## InfoBox

| Mounds View Schools | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| MinnesotaArden Hills, Mounds View, New Brighton, North Oaks, Roseville, Shoreview, and Vadnais Heights, Minnesota United States | |
| District information | |
| Grades | Pre-K-12 |
| Superintendent | Chris Lennox |
| Students and staff | |
| Students | Over 11,000 |
| Staff | Over 1,400 |
| Other information | |
| Website | http://www.mvpschools.org/ |


title: Zwolle Half Marathon

abstract: Zwolle Half Marathon is an annual half marathon road running event held in Zwolle, Netherlands, in June. The race was first held in 2001 and attracts both amateur and professional runners. Over 3000 people took part in the 2008 edition of the race. Jason Mbote of Kenya is a four-time winner of the race and his partner Flomena Chepchirchir has three victories on the women's side. The course records were both set by Kenyans in 2011: Wilson Kipsang won the men's race in 60:49 minutes while Chepchirchir won her third title in a women's best of 1:08:22 hours.

text:
# Zwolle Half Marathon

**Zwolle Half Marathon** is an annual half marathon road running event held in Zwolle, Netherlands, in June. The race was first held in 2001 and attracts both amateur and professional runners. Over 3000 people took part in the 2008 edition of the race.

Jason Mbote of Kenya is a four-time winner of the race and his partner Flomena Chepchirchir has three victories on the women's side.

The course records were both set by Kenyans in 2011: Wilson Kipsang won the men's race in 60:49 minutes while Chepchirchir won her third title in a women's best of 1:08:22 hours.

## Past winners

**Key:**   **Course record**

| Edition | Year | Men's winner | Time (::) | Women's winner | Time (::) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1st | 2001 | Rodgers Rop (KEN) | 1:02:33 | Mary Ptikany (KEN) | 1:12:33 |
| 2nd | 2002 | Daniel Rono (KEN) | 1:02:55 | Caroline Kwambai (KEN) | 1:10:17 |
| 3rd | 2003 | Simon Kiprop (KEN) | 1:03:59 | Emily Kimuria (KEN) | 1:13:44 |
| 4th | 2004 | Peter Kiprotich (KEN) | 1:02:31 | Nadezhda Wijenberg (NED) | 1:15:03 |
| 5th | 2005 | Jason Mbote (KEN) | 1:03:31 | Petra Kamínková (CZE) | 1:13:46 |
| 6th | 2006 | Jason Mbote (KEN) | 1:02:23 | Beáta Rakonczai (HUN) | 1:14:59 |
| 7th | 2007 | Jason Mbote (KEN) | 1:02:52 | Flomena Chepchirchir (KEN) | 1:14:05 |
| 8th | 2008 | Ben Kimwole (KEN) | 1:01:50 | Flomena Chepchirchir (KEN) | 1:12:40 |
| 9th | 2009 | Jason Mbote (KEN) | 1:02:03 | Etalemahu Kidane (ETH) | 1:12:37 |
| 10th | 2010 | Joseph Kiptum (KEN) | 1:01:53 | Caroline Kilel (KEN) | 1:10:05 |
| 11th | 2011 | Wilson Kipsang (KEN) | 1:00:49 | Flomena Chepchirchir (KEN) | **1:08:22** |
| 12th | 2012 | Nguse Tesfaldet (ERI) | 1:01:39 | Helah Kiprop (KEN) | 1:09:41 |
| 13th | 2013 | Edwin Kiptoo (KEN) | 1:01:19 | Agnes Mutune (KEN) | 1:10:14 |
| 14th | 2014 | Jonathan Maiyo (KEN) | 1:01:01 | Helah Kiprop (KEN) | 1:09:46 |
| 15th | 2015 | Richard Mengich (KEN) | 1:01:22 | Janet Rono (KEN) | 1:11:10 |
| 16th | 2016 | Richard Mengich (KEN) | **1:00:37** | Helah Kiprop (KEN) | 1:08:36 |
| 17th | 2017 | Richard Mengich (KEN) | 1:01:34 | Flomena Chepchirchir (KEN) | 1:10:38 |
| 18th | 2018 | William Wanjiku (KEN) | 1:01:31 | Fancy Chemutai (KEN) | 1:09:38 |
| 19th | 2019 | William Wanjiku (KEN) | 1:00:24 | Melat Kejeta (GER) | 1:09:29 |

List of winners * Archive. Halve Marathon Zwolle. Retrieved on 2013-04-22.

## InfoBox

| Zwolle Half Marathon | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | June |
| Location | Zwolle, Netherlands |
| Event type | road |
| Distance | Half Marathon |
| Primary sponsor | Scania AB |
| Established | 2001 |
| Course records | Men's: **1:00:37** (2017)
Richard Mengich
Women's: **1:08:22** (2011)
Flomena Chepchirchir |
| Official site | Zwolle Half Marathon |
| Participants | 85 (2019) |


title: Mom P.I.

abstract: Mom P.I. is a 1990–92 Canadian television comedy-drama series starring Rosemary Dunsmore, Stuart Margolin, Emily Perkins, and Shane Meier. Dunsmore plays eternal optimist Sally Sullivan, a recently widowed mother of two supporting her family as a waitress in a working-class diner, who talks her way into a job as assistant to grumpy, cynical private eye Bernie Fox (Margolin). The head writer for the show was Chris Haddock, who later created the much grittier Da Vinci's Inquest and Intelligence, also for the CBC.

text:
# Mom P.I.

***Mom P.I.*** is a 199092 Canadian television comedy-drama series starring Rosemary Dunsmore, Stuart Margolin, Emily Perkins, and Shane Meier. Dunsmore plays eternal optimist Sally Sullivan, a recently widowed mother of two supporting her family as a waitress in a working-class diner, who talks her way into a job as assistant to grumpy, cynical private eye Bernie Fox (Margolin).

The head writer for the show was Chris Haddock, who later created the much grittier *Da Vinci's Inquest* and *Intelligence*, also for the CBC.

## Cast

## Episodes

### Season 1 (1990–91)

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | "When Sally Met Bernie" | Unknown | Unknown | October 12, 1990 (1990-10-12) |
| 2 | 2 | "Career Moves" | Unknown | Unknown | October 15, 1990 (1990-10-15) |
| 3 | 3 | "Duck Flambé" | Unknown | Unknown | October 22, 1990 (1990-10-22) |
| 4 | 4 | "Murder Maybe" | Unknown | Unknown | October 29, 1990 (1990-10-29) |
| 5 | 5 | "Gumshoe" | Unknown | Unknown | November 5, 1990 (1990-11-05) |
| 6 | 6 | "Undue Influence" | Unknown | Unknown | November 12, 1990 (1990-11-12) |
| 7 | 7 | "Brendan B. Gone" | Unknown | Unknown | November 19, 1990 (1990-11-19) |
| 8 | 8 | "Return to Sender" | Unknown | Unknown | November 26, 1990 (1990-11-26) |
| 9 | 9 | "Looking for a Living" | Unknown | Unknown | December 3, 1990 (1990-12-03) |
| 10 | 10 | "Blue Christmas" | Unknown | Unknown | December 10, 1990 (1990-12-10) |
| 11 | 11 | "Beneath the Pacific" | Unknown | Unknown | January 7, 1991 (1991-01-07) |
| 12 | 12 | "Over the Edge" | Unknown | Unknown | January 14, 1991 (1991-01-14) |
| 13 | 13 | "Spinal Trap" | Unknown | Unknown | January 21, 1991 (1991-01-21) |

### Season 2 (1991–92)

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14 | 1 | "Safe at Home" | Unknown | Unknown | September 30, 1991 (1991-09-30) |
| 15 | 2 | "A Fist of Fate" | Unknown | Unknown | October 28, 1991 (1991-10-28) |
| 16 | 3 | "Bad to Be Born" | Unknown | Unknown | November 4, 1991 (1991-11-04) |
| 17 | 4 | "Repo Ride" | Unknown | Unknown | November 11, 1991 (1991-11-11) |
| 18 | 5 | "Time Wounds All Heels" | Unknown | Unknown | November 18, 1991 (1991-11-18) |
| 19 | 6 | "Cash and Money" | Unknown | Unknown | November 25, 1991 (1991-11-25) |
| 20 | 7 | "A Fugue for Mr. X" | Unknown | Unknown | December 9, 1991 (1991-12-09) |
| 21 | 8 | "Through a Door Quickly" | Unknown | Unknown | March 16, 1992 (1992-03-16) |
| 22 | 9 | "Night Train" | Unknown | Unknown | March 23, 1992 (1992-03-23) |
| 23 | 10 | "1 For You, 19 For Me" | Unknown | Unknown | March 30, 1992 (1992-03-30) |
| 24 | 11 | "The Shadows" | Unknown | Unknown | April 6, 1992 (1992-04-06) |
| 25 | 12 | "Dig That Grave" | Unknown | Unknown | April 13, 1992 (1992-04-13) |
| 26 | 13 | "I.O.U." | Unknown | Unknown | April 20, 1992 (1992-04-20) |

## InfoBox

| *Mom P.I.* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Comedy-Drama |
| Created by | Chris Haddock |
| Starring | Rosemary Dunsmore
Stuart Margolin
Emily Perkins
Shane Meier |
| Country of origin | Canada |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 2 |
| No. of episodes | 26 |
| Production | |
| Production locations | Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada |
| Running time | 30 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | CBC Television |
| Release | October 12, 1990 (1990-10-12)
March 30, 1992 (1992-03-30) |


title: Frances Murray

abstract: Frances Murray is the pseudonym used by Rosemary Frances Booth, née Sutherland, a Scottish writer of children's and romance novels. In 1976, her novel The Burning Lamp won the Romantic Novel of the Year Award by the Romantic Novelists' Association.

text:
# Frances Murray

**Frances Murray** is the pseudonym used by **Rosemary Frances Booth**, née Sutherland (born 10 February 1928, died 27 October 2019), a Scottish writer of children's and romance novels. In 1976, her novel *The Burning Lamp* won the Romantic Novel of the Year Award by the Romantic Novelists' Association.

## Biography

### Personal life and teaching career

She was born **Rosemary Frances Sutherland** on 10 February 1928 in Lanark, the daughter of Frances (Wotherspoon), an artist, and Donald Sutherland, a journalist and playwright. She studied at the University of Glasgow (1945–1947), later she decided took a year out and worked for and toured with the Unity Theatre of Glasgow (1948–1949). On 28 August 1950 she married Robert Edward Booth, a manager, and they had three daughters: Lesley, Judith, and Frances.

In 1965, she gained an MA at the University of St Andrews, followed by a Diploma in Education in 1966. She taught History at Perth Academy, Scotland (1966–1972) and was Head of History Department at Linlathan School, Dundee (1972–1976). She was principal teacher of History at the Ladies' College, St Peter Port, Guernsey, Channel Isles (1976–1993). In 1993, she retired from teaching.

After retiring, Rosemary and her husband moved to Spain to live and then to France where she lived in the Tarn (department) until her death.

### Writing career

Under the pseudonym of Frances Murray, she was published from 1966 to 1986. Since 2011, she auto-published e-books in Amazon.

Throughout her professional teaching career and her retirement, she has always written. Her novels reflect her interest in people, language, literature, art, and all things culinary. Whilst teaching in Scotland she wrote a series of radio scripts for BBC Schools Radio; and award-winning school plays for drama competitions. She was commissioned to write a Scots ballad for the novelist Mary Stewart.

## Bibliography

### Children's novels

#### Ponies Series

1. *Ponies on the Heather* (1966)
2. *Ponies and Parachutes* (1975)
3. *White Hope* (1978)

#### Single novels

* *Shadow Over the Islands* (1986)

### Romance novels

* *The Dear Colleague* (1972)
* *The Burning Lamp* (1973)
* *The Heroine's Sister* (1975)
* *Red Rowan Berry* (1976)
* *Castaway* (1978)
* *Payment for the Piper* (1983) aka *Brave Kingdom* (US title)
* *The Belchamber Scandal* (1985)

### e-Books (Amazon Kindle)

* *A Power to Charm* (2011)
* *Summer School at Labastide* (2012)
* *The Borrowing Days*(2012)
* *Shackles* (2012)
* *Long Road to Philadelphia* (2012)
* *Whatever Happened to Mary Bold* (2012)
* *The Coral Strand* (2012)
* *Expectations* (2012)

## References and sources

## InfoBox

| Rosemary Frances Sutherland Booth | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Rosemary Frances Sutherland
(1928-02-10)February 10, 1928
Lanark, Lanarkshire, Scotland |
| Died | 27 October 2019(2019-10-27) (aged 91)
Tarn, France |
| Pen name | Frances Murray |
| Occupation | Teacher, novelist |
| Language | English |
| Nationality | Scottish |
| Citizenship | United Kingdom |
| Period | 1966–1986 |
| Genre | Children's, romance |
| Notable awards | RoNA Award |
| Spouse | Robert Edward Booth (1927–2011) |
| Children | 3 |


title: John Mark Painter

abstract: John Mark Painter is an American multi-instrumental musician, composer and arranger. He is best known for his role, with his wife, singer Fleming McWilliams, in the rock duo Fleming and John. Painter grew up in Miami, and began playing trumpet, saxophone, bass, guitar and piano by age 11. Painter met McWilliams while attending Belmont College in Nashville, and immediately began collaborating on songs. While pursuing a record contract, Painter began playing studio sessions for artists like Indigo Girls, Nanci Griffith and Jewel. Fleming and John released its first album, Delusions of Grandeur, in 1995 for independent label R.E.X. Records, then Universal Records. Their second album, The Way We Are in 1999 notably showcased Painter's skills as arranger and as instrumentalist on a panoply of uncommon instruments. Painter continues to work heavily in the Nashville area as a studio musician, performing on albums by Carolyn Arends, Ben Folds Five, Fear of Pop, Owsley, Rich Creamy Paint, Sixpence None the Richer, Gabe Dixon Band, Sevendust, Jon Foreman, Frally Folds and others. Also producing artist such as Shapiro, Pantana, and Alva Leigh for Dweeb Records at IHOF Studio. Painter was the composer for the 2005 animated film "Hoodwinked", the 2006 film "The Second Chance" starring Michael W. Smith, and the VeggieTales DVD "The Wonderful Wizard of Ha's". He is currently a member of the alternative rock band Steve Taylor & The Perfect Foil with Steve Taylor, Jimmy Abegg and Peter Furler. Their first album, Goliath was released in November 2014.

text:
# John Mark Painter

**John Mark Painter** (born c. October 6 1967) is an American multi-instrumental musician, composer and arranger. He is best known for his role, with his wife, singer Fleming McWilliams, in the rock duo Fleming and John.

Painter grew up in Miami, and began playing trumpet, saxophone, bass, guitar and piano by age 11.

Painter met McWilliams while attending Belmont College in Nashville, and immediately began collaborating on songs. While pursuing a record contract, Painter began playing studio sessions for artists like Indigo Girls, Nanci Griffith and Jewel.

Fleming and John released its first album, *Delusions of Grandeur*, in 1995 for independent label R.E.X. Records, then Universal Records. Their second album, *The Way We Are* in 1999 notably showcased Painter's skills as arranger and as instrumentalist on a panoply of uncommon instruments.

Painter continues to work heavily in the Nashville area as a studio musician, performing on albums by Carolyn Arends, Ben Folds Five, Fear of Pop, Owsley, Rich Creamy Paint (Rich Painter, who is John Mark Painter's nephew), Sixpence None the Richer, Gabe Dixon Band, Sevendust, Jon Foreman, Frally Folds and others.

Also producing artist such as Shapiro, Pantana, and Alva Leigh for Dweeb Records at IHOF Studio.

Painter was the composer for the 2005 animated film "Hoodwinked", the 2006 film "The Second Chance" starring Michael W. Smith, and the VeggieTales DVD "The Wonderful Wizard of Ha's".

He is currently a member of the alternative rock band Steve Taylor & The Perfect Foil with Steve Taylor, Jimmy Abegg and Peter Furler. Their first album, *Goliath* was released in November 2014.

## InfoBox

| John Mark Painter | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1967-10-06) October 6, 1967 |
| Genres |  |
| Occupations | Multi-instrumentalist, composer, arranger |
| Instruments |  |


title: Pennsylvania Route 864

abstract: Pennsylvania Route 864 is a 13.11-mile-long (21.10 km) state route located in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania. The western terminus of the route is at PA 87 in Farragut, a hamlet of Upper Fairfield Township. The eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 220 (US 220) in Picture Rocks. The road is also called Laurel Run Road for half a mile from its eastern terminus in Picture Rocks until it leaves the city.

text:
# Pennsylvania Route 864

**Pennsylvania Route 864** (designated by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation as **PA 864**) is a 13.11-mile-long (21.10 km) state route located in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania. The western terminus of the route is at PA 87 in Farragut, a hamlet of Upper Fairfield Township. The eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 220 (US 220) in Picture Rocks. The road is also called Laurel Run Road for half a mile from its eastern terminus in Picture Rocks until it leaves the city.

## Route description

PA 864 begins at an intersection with PA 87 in the hamlet of Farragut, within Upper Fairfield Township. The route proceeds eastward through Farragut, passing local residences and fields before curving into a mix of woods and fields. PA 864 continues winding for a couple miles, curving back and forth between the northeast and southeast. Another curve is made after the intersection with Simpler Hollow Road. The winding nature continues into a stretch of houses separated by long driveways after Good Shepherd Road. After turning to the northeast, and soon the east, PA 864 intersects with Fairfield Center Road, where it turns passes several farms. After the intersection with Heilman Road, PA 864 curves to the northeast once again, leaving Upper Farfield Township in favor of Mill Creek Township, where the dense wood begins to take over once again. This is short-lived, as PA 864 continues through Mill Creek, passing several farms before entering the hamlet of Huntersville. Huntersville consists of a few homes off to the side on Rabbittown Road.

After leaving Huntersville, PA 864 turns to the southeast and enters Wolf Township. Through Wolf Township, the route remains a two-lane rural road, passing some residences before returning to dense woodlands near Lower Rynearson Road. The road makes several bends between the south and east before Laurel Run Road, where it turns to the southeast once again. The dense woods continue for another mile before PA 864 enters the borough of Picture Rocks, where it gains the moniker Laurel Run Road through downtown. The route crosses Railroad Street before intersecting with US 220 at North Main Street. This intersection serves as PA 864's eastern terminus. The right-of-way continues four blocks west to Water Street as Elm Street.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Lycoming County.

| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Upper Fairfield Township | 0.00 | 0.00 | PA 87 Montoursville, Dushore | Hamlet of Farragut; western terminus |
| Picture Rocks | 13.11 | 21.10 | US 220 (North Main Street) Laporte, Hughesville | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi<br> | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/Pennsylvania Route 864KML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| Pennsylvania Route 864 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by PennDOT | |
| Length | 13.11 mi (21.10 km) |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | PA 87 in Upper Fairfield Township |
| East end | US 220 in Picture Rocks |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Pennsylvania |
| Counties | Lycoming |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| PA 863   PA 865 | |


title: Matany Hospital

abstract: Saint Kizito Hospital Matany, commonly known as Matany Hospital is a private hospital in Matany Trading Centre, Moroto District, Karamoja sub-region, in the Northern Region of Uganda.

text:
# Matany Hospital

**Saint Kizito Hospital Matany**, commonly known as **Matany Hospital** is a private hospital in Matany Trading Centre, Moroto District, Karamoja sub-region, in the Northern Region of Uganda.

## Location

The hospital is located approximately 37 kilometres (23 mi), by road, southwest of Moroto, the nearest city and the location of the district headquarters.

Matany lies approximately 432 kilometres (268 mi), by road, northeast of Kampala, the capital of Uganda and the largest city in that East African country. The geographical coordinates of Matany Hospital are:02°26'40.0"N, 34°23'42.0"E (Latitude:2.444444; Longitude:34.395000).

## Overview

Matany Hospital is a private, non-profit, community hospital owned by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Moroto and is accredited by the *Uganda Catholic Medical Bureau*. The hospital is administered by Comboni Sisters, a religious congregation. The hospital has a capacity of 226 beds.

Matany Hospital Maintains an attached Nursing Training School, an airstrip (*Matany Airstrip*). Due its relatively well-maintained infrastructure, compared to nearby Moroto Regional Referral Hospital, Matany Hospital functions as a referral hospital for the Karamoja sub-region and for the nearby districts of Amuria, Kapelebyong, Katakwi and Soroti.

## History

St. Kizito Hospital, Matany was built in the early 1970s with assistance from **MISEREOR**, a German religious organization, at the invitation of the Comboni Missionaries. Construction began in 1970 and was completed in 1974. The hospital has received funding from numerous benefactors from various countries, including Germany, Italy and Denmark, among others.

## InfoBox

| Matany Hospital | |
| --- | --- |
| Uganda Catholic Medical Bureau | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Geography | |
| Location | *Matany*, Moroto, Moroto District, Uganda |
| Coordinates | 02°26′40″N 34°23′42″E / 2.44444°N 34.39500°E / 2.44444; 34.39500 |
| Organisation | |
| Care system | Private |
| Type | Community |
| Services | |
| Emergency department | I |
| Beds | 226 |
| History | |
| Opened | 1970 |
| Links | |
| Website | Homepage |
| Other links | Hospitals in Uganda |


title: Muhammad Nasir Dar

abstract: Squadron Leader Muhammad Nasir Dar was an officer of the Pakistan Air Force who died in the line of duty during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. He was posthumously awarded the Sitara-e-Basalat.

text:
# Muhammad Nasir Dar

Squadron Leader **Muhammad Nasir Dar** was an officer of the Pakistan Air Force who died in the line of duty during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. He was posthumously awarded the Sitara-e-Basalat.

## Career

Dar was inducted into the Pakistan Air Force and rose to be a squadron leader at a young age during the late sixties. One of his batch mates Air Chief Marshal Hakimullah rose to be the twelfth Chief of the Pakistan Air Force from 1988 to 1991. Dar was an officer of a high calibre and was assigned to the Signals branch of the Air Force.

## Death in action

During the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971, Squadron Leader Muhammad Nasir Dar was serving at the Pakistan Air Force base at Sargodha. On the night of 22 December 1971, Dar was the victim of an Indian air raid on his engineering facility. He was undeterred by the attack and continued to work normally beyond the call of duty. During the course of the air raid, both he and his junior colleague, Flight Lieutenant, Wasim were killed.

## Decoration

Subsequently, he was awarded the high award of Sitara-i-Basalat or Star of Good Conduct for his act of extreme bravery in the face of certain death. He is regarded as one of the legendary falcons of the Pakistan Air Force.


title: Mormo maura

abstract: Mormo maura, the old lady or black underwing, is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of his Systema Naturae. It is found in the Palearctic realm, from north-western Africa through all over southern Europe. It reaches its northern border in the west in northern Ireland and central Scotland, in central Europe, in northern Germany and Poland. In some Nordic countries, there are single finds. The other occurrence areas include Turkestan, Anatolia, the Middle East and Iraq. The name "old lady" refers to the fact that the wing pattern was said to resemble the shawls worn by elderly Victorian ladies.

text:
# Mormo maura

***Mormo maura***, the **old lady** or **black underwing**, is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of his Systema Naturae. It is found in the Palearctic realm, from north-western Africa through all over southern Europe. It reaches its northern border in the west in northern Ireland and central Scotland, in central Europe, in northern Germany and Poland. In some Nordic countries, there are single finds. The other occurrence areas include Turkestan, Anatolia, the Middle East and Iraq. The name "old lady" refers to the fact that the wing pattern was said to resemble the shawls worn by elderly Victorian ladies.

## Technical description and variation

The wingspan is 55–65 mm. The length of the forewings is 30–36 mm. Forewing dull fuscous blackish, the median area usually darker; the paler ground colour being really ochreous grey, thickly dusted with fuscous; subbasal line double, forming two series of groups of black scales across basal area; inner and outer lines double, filled in with pale, both oblique basewards below vein 1; median vein and its branches pale; subcostal space with five black blotches above median area; orbicular stigma large, oblique, pale with dark dusting; reniform dark with pale outline, widened outwards on both sides below; submarginal line pale preceded by a dark fuscous shade, angled outwards above and below middle; apical area above vein 6 pale grey; hindwing dull fuscous, with a straight pale band beyond middle, followed by a broad black striata, subterminal border, outwardly edged by a pale submarginal line; in the form *striata* Tutt the transverse lines as well as the median vein and veinlets are conspicuously pale.

## Biology

The moth flies in one generation from mid-June to mid-September.

The larvae are pale ochreous, clouded with darker; dorsal and subdorsal lines whitish, irregular, with oblique pale darker-edged streaks between; spiracles reddish above a yellow line above the feet; on the 11th segment, there is a yellowish-white black-edged transverse stripe. The larvae feed on various herbaceous plants in the early stages (*Salix*, *Alnus*, *Rumex*, *Senecio*, *Taraxacum*) and later on various deciduous trees and shrubs.

1. *The flight season refers to Belgium and the Netherlands. This may vary in other parts of the range.*

## Habitat

It mostly lives near water, in river valleys, meadows, bogs, as well as in the shore areas of streams, ponds and lakes.

## InfoBox

| *Mormo maura* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Genus: | *Mormo* |
| Species: | ***M. maura*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mormo maura***<br>(Linnaeus, 1758) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| Phalaena maura Linnaeus, 1758 | |


title: East El Paso

abstract: East El Paso is an area of El Paso, Texas, United States, that is located north of Interstate 10, east of Airway Blvd., and south of Montana Ave. East El Paso is the fastest growing area of town. With a population of 231,493, east El Paso is also the largest area of El Paso.

text:
# East El Paso

**East El Paso** is an area of El Paso, Texas, United States, that is located north of Interstate 10, east of Airway Blvd., and south of Montana Ave. East El Paso is the fastest growing area of town. With a population of 231,493, east El Paso is also the largest area of El Paso.

## Neighborhoods

A partial list of neighborhoods in east El Paso:

* Ysleta
* Album Park
* Cielo Vista
* Eastwood Heights
* Eastwood Knolls
* Eastridge
* Vista Hills
* Pebble Hills
* Indian Ridge
* Vista Del Sol
* Parkwood
* East Glen
* Oasis Ranch
* Tierra Del Este
* Rancho Del Sol
* Stonegate
* Los Paseos
* Sun Ridge
* Sean Dewar
* Quail Run

## School districts

## InfoBox

| East El Paso | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighborhood of El Paso | |
| East El Paso | |
| Coordinates: 31°47′0″N 106°19′23″W / 31.78333°N 106.32306°W / 31.78333; -106.32306 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Texas |
| City | El Paso |
| Population | |
| Total | 231,493 (2,020) |


title: Monsieur Leguignon, Signalman

abstract: Monsieur Leguignon, Signalman is a 1952 French comedy film directed by Maurice Labro and starring Yves Deniaud, Jane Marken and Bernard Lajarrige. It was shot at the Boulogne Studios in Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art director Paul-Louis Boutié. It was based on a radio programme and was followed by a sequel Leguignon the Healer in 1954.

text:
# Monsieur Leguignon, Signalman

***Monsieur Leguignon, Signalman*** (French: ***Monsieur Leguignon lampiste***) is a 1952 French comedy film directed by Maurice Labro and starring Yves Deniaud, Jane Marken and Bernard Lajarrige. It was shot at the Boulogne Studios in Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art director Paul-Louis Boutié. It was based on a radio programme and was followed by a sequel *Leguignon the Healer* in 1954.

## Synopsis

A signalman employed by the SNCF constantly has to deal with difficult situations in spite of his well-meaning efforts. After a dispute with a group of children who lay claim to some treasure discovered in a dilapidated shack that he uses, the matter ends up in court.

## Cast

## Bibliography

* Dyer, Richard & Vincendeau, Ginette. *Popular European Cinema*. Routledge, 2013.
* Rège, Philippe. *Encyclopedia of French Film Directors, Volume 1*. Scarecrow Press, 2009.

## InfoBox

| Monsieur Leguignon, Signalman | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Maurice Labro |
| Written by |  |
| Produced by | Suzanne Goosens |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Jean Lehérissey |
| Edited by | Monique Kirsanoff |
| Music by | Francis Lopez |
| Production
companies | Latino Consortium Cinema
Productions Jason |
| Distributed by | C.E.F. |
| Release date | * 9 May 1952 (1952-05-09) (France) |
| Running time | 105 minutes |
| Country | France |
| Language | French |


title: Peoples Building & Loan Building

abstract: The Peoples Building & Loan Building is a historic commercial building at 213-217 West 2nd Street in Little Rock, Arkansas. It is a small three story masonry structure, its exterior finished in brick, limestone, and terra cotta. Upper floor windows are set in vertically oriented groupings with surrounding bands of checkered brickwork, and with horizontally banded lines of brick between them and at the corners. The ground floor retail window bays are divided by Ionic pilasters. Built in 1903, the building represents an unusually early precursor to the Prairie School of design. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

text:
# Peoples Building & Loan Building

The **Peoples Building & Loan Building** is a historic commercial building at 213-217 West 2nd Street in Little Rock, Arkansas. It is a small three story masonry structure, its exterior finished in brick, limestone, and terra cotta. Upper floor windows are set in vertically oriented groupings with surrounding bands of checkered brickwork, and with horizontally banded lines of brick between them and at the corners. The ground floor retail window bays are divided by Ionic pilasters. Built in 1903, the building represents an unusually early precursor to the Prairie School of design.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Peoples Building & Loan Building | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location in ArkansasLocation in United States | |
| Location | 213-217 W. 2nd St., Little Rock, Arkansas |
| Coordinates | 34°45′8″N 92°16′42″W / 34.75222°N 92.27833°W / 34.75222; -92.27833 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1903 (1903) |
| Architectural style | Prairie School |
| NRHP reference No. | 82002129 |
| Added to NRHP | September 2, 1982 |


title: John Mark Redmond

abstract: John Mark Redmond is an Irish cardiothoracic surgeon and businessperson. He is the brother of Professor Paul Redmond.

text:
# John Mark Redmond

**John Mark Redmond** (known as **Mark Redmond** or **J. Mark Redmond**) is an Irish cardiothoracic surgeon and businessperson. He is the brother of Professor Paul Redmond.

## Education and training

Redmond attended primary and secondary school at St Mary's College, Dublin. He then studied medicine at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, graduating in 1987 with the qualifications LRCP & SI MB BCh NUI. From 1987 to 1988, he undertook his internship at Beaumont Hospital, Dublin. Redmond then trained at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, United States, where he completed a 5-year general surgery residency (1988-1993) and a 3-year cardiothoracic surgery programme (1993-1996). In 1996, he undertook a fellowship in paediatric cardiothoracic surgery at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, followed by a fellowship in aortic surgery at Baylor College of Medicine (1997).

## Medical career

Redmond served as a member of the Johns Hopkins faculty for three years as Director of Paediatric Heart and Lung Transplant, Co-Director of the Dana and Albert "Cubby" Broccoli Centre for Aortic Diseases, and Director of the Cardiac Research Laboratories. In 1992, Redmond became a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (FRCSI).

Redmond returned to Ireland in 2000. He was appointed consultant cardiothoracic surgeon at Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Beacon Hospital and Mater Private Hospital. He also performs surgery for the Belfast Health and Social Care Trust in Northern Ireland.

Redmond is co-founder and co-owner of the Beacon Medical Group, including Beacon Hospital. He has served as Medical Director of Beacon Medical Group and Beacon Hospital.

## Charity work

In 2008, Redmond collaborated with Professor Martin Corbally and the cardiac team at Our Lady's Children Hospital, Crumlin to develop a cardiothoracic surgery training programme at Paediatric Hospital Number 2 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Redmond has also worked with Chernobyl Children International, performing surgery on children who developed heart defects as a result of the Chernobyl disaster.


title: Persuasive Peggy

abstract: Persuasive Peggy is a 1917 American silent comedy film directed by Charles Brabin and starring Peggy Hyland, William B. Davidson and Mary Cecil.

text:
# Persuasive Peggy

***Persuasive Peggy*** is a 1917 American silent comedy film directed by Charles Brabin and starring Peggy Hyland, William B. Davidson and Mary Cecil.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Persuasive Peggy | |
| --- | --- |
| Still with Hyland and Davidson | |
| Directed by | Charles Brabin |
| Written by | Charles Brabin |
| Based on | *Persuasive Peggy*
by Maravene Thompson |
| Starring | Peggy Hyland
William B. Davidson
Mary Cecil |
| Cinematography | George W. Lane |
| Edited by | Henry A. Butterfield |
| Production
company | Mayfair Film Corporation |
| Release date | * November 1917 (1917-11) |
| Running time | 60 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | Silent (English intertitles) |


title: Riot (1969 film)

abstract: Riot is a 1969 American drama film produced by William Castle, directed by Buzz Kulik and starring Gene Hackman and Jim Brown.

text:
# Riot (1969 film)

***Riot*** is a 1969 American drama film produced by William Castle, directed by Buzz Kulik and starring Gene Hackman and Jim Brown.

## Plot

While the warden (real-life warden Frank A. Eyman) of a state prison is away, the isolation block erupts and 35 of the most violent criminals (led by Gene Hackman) stage a riot and take over their portion of the prison. Cully Briston (Jim Brown), in for five years and awaiting his eventual parole, wants no part of the riot. He impulsively gets involved, defending a prison guard and protecting him from the maniacs in the block.

## Cast

| Actor | Role |
| --- | --- |
| Jim Brown | Cully Briston |
| Gene Hackman | Red Fraker |
| Mike Kellin | Bugsy |
| Gerald S. O'Loughlin | Grossman |
| Ben Carruthers | Surefoot |
| Clifford David | Mary Sheldon |
| Clair Sullivan | the Doctor |

## Production

The film is based on a non-fiction novel by Frank Elli, which chronicled an actual riot that took place in an Arizona prison.

In addition to using real-life warden Frank A. Eyman, the production utilized a number of real-life prisoners as extras.

The film was partially shot at the Yuma Territorial Prison.

## Release

The film was given a theatrical release in the United States by Paramount Pictures in 1969.

The film was given a belated release on VHS by Paramount Home Video in 1993.

The film was sub-licensed to Olive Films by Paramount and released on DVD by in 2010. It was released on blu ray in Germany in 2022 by Wicked Vision as Black Cinema Edition #12.

1. "Big Rental Films of 1969", *Variety*, 7 January 1970 p 15
2. "Riot". *IMDb*. 9 May 1969.

## Reviews

## InfoBox

| Riot | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Buzz Kulik |
| Written by | James Poe |
| Based on | novel *The Riot* by Frank Elli |
| Produced by | William Castle |
| Starring | Gene Hackman
Jim Brown
Mike Kellin
Gerald S. O'Loughlin
Ben Carruthers
Clifford David
Bill Walker
Jerry Thompson
Ricky Summers
Mr. Gerri
John Neiderhauser
Frank Eyman |
| Cinematography | Robert B. Hauser |
| Music by | Krzysztof Komeda |
| Production
company | William Castle Productions |
| Distributed by | Paramount Pictures |
| Release date | * 1969 (1969) |
| Running time | 96 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Box office | $1.3 million (US/ Canada rentals) |


title: Mathilde Weil

abstract: Mathilde Weil was an American editor, literary agent, and portrait photographer based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

text:
# Mathilde Weil

**Mathilde Weil** (January 1872 — June 1942) was an American editor, literary agent, and portrait photographer based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

## Early life

Mathilde Weil was from Philadelphia, the daughter of Edward Henry Weil and Isabel R. Lyons Weil. Her parents were Jewish; her father was a lawyer. One of her first cousins, Nathalie Fontaine Lyons, married tobacco executive Bowman Gray Sr.

She attended Mr. and Mrs. L. M. Johnson's School. She graduated from Bryn Mawr College in the class of 1892, with further studies at the Philadelphia Museum of Industrial Art and Textile School (now known as University of the Arts), and a summer course with painter Joseph DeCamp at Annisquam, Massachusetts.

## Career

From 1893 to 1896, Weil worked as an editor and reader at Macmillan publishing house. From 1895 to 1896 she was "sub-editor" of the *American Historical Review*.

Weil acquired a camera in about 1896 and soon became a portrait photographer. She had a studio, but specialized in "home portraiture", or making portraits in the subjects' homes or gardens. Her equipment "comfortably fills an ordinary leather suitcase", marveled one trade magazine in 1915. She published a small guide, "Outdoor Portraiture", detailing her methods.

In 1898 her "Rosa Rosarum" portrait was included in the first Philadelphia Photographic Salon, a juried show organized by Alfred Stieglitz. The following year, she was represented in the Salon by five works, and in 1900 by one work. In 1901, she showed work in the Glasgow International Exhibition, and was featured in *Ladies' Home Journal*, in a series of features on American women photographers edited by Frances Benjamin Johnston. Weil won a medal from the Royal Photographic Society for her work. From 1905 to 1909, she lectured on photography at the Drexel Institute, and mentored the Drexel Camera Club, later the Lantern and Lens Gild of Women Photographers. Nature photographer and filmmaker Margaret L. Bodine attended Weil's lectures and was founder and president of the Gild. She exhibited some of her portraits of prominent Philadelphians (including Agnes Repplier, Margaret Deland, and Violet Oakley) in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania in 1916. She was an officer of The Plastic Club.

Weil left Philadelphia and photography by 1920, returning to the publishing industry as a literary agent in New York, and eventually moving to San Francisco, California.

## Later life

Weil died in Philadelphia in 1942, aged 70 years. Works by Weil were featured in a 1982 show, "Women Look at Women", at UCLA's Frederick S. Wight Art Gallery.


title: Robert Eadie

abstract: Robert Eadie R.S.W. was an elegant portraitist, book illustrator and painter of landscapes, beach and street scenes in oils and water-colours. He was also an engraver, and artist in black and white. Born in Glasgow in 1877 he served his apprenticeship in lithography allied with studies at Glasgow School of Art and in Munich and Paris. His work in oils, water-colour and black and white soon won attention and he became a regular exhibitor at the Royal Glasgow Institute of the Fine Arts and before 1914 at the Paris Salon He also exhibited at the Royal Academy, London, the Royal Scottish Academy, Edinburgh and at the Royal Scottish Society of Painters in Watercolour, of which he was a member. He was prominent in civic life and was elected President of Glasgow Art Club. Robert Eadie was an illustrator of books including publications for the Grant Educational Co Ltd in 1930, “The Face of Glasgow”, published in 1938, and “The Face of Edinburgh”, published in 1939. His paintings also preface "The University of Glasgow Library: Friendly Shelves" published in 2016. Further drawings are prominently used in "Glasgow's Blythswood" published in 2021. An illustrated public catalogue of his work is maintained by the Romiley Arts Federation

text:
# Robert Eadie

**Robert Eadie** R.S.W. (1877– 1 August 1954) was an elegant portraitist, book illustrator and painter of landscapes, beach and street scenes in oils and water-colours. He was also an engraver, and artist in black and white. Born in Glasgow in 1877 he served his apprenticeship in lithography allied with studies at Glasgow School of Art and in Munich and Paris. His work in oils, water-colour and black and white soon won attention and he became a regular exhibitor at the Royal Glasgow Institute of the Fine Arts and before 1914 at the Paris Salon

He also exhibited at the Royal Academy, London, the Royal Scottish Academy, Edinburgh and at the Royal Scottish Society of Painters in Watercolour, of which he was a member. He was prominent in civic life and was elected President of Glasgow Art Club.

Robert Eadie was an illustrator of books including publications for the Grant Educational Co Ltd in 1930, “The Face of Glasgow”, published in 1938, and “The Face of Edinburgh”, published in 1939. His paintings also preface "The University of Glasgow Library: Friendly Shelves" published in 2016. Further drawings are prominently used in "Glasgow's Blythswood" published in 2021.

An illustrated public catalogue of his work is maintained by the Romiley Arts Federation


title: Woodrow M. Melvin

abstract: Woodrow Maxwell Melvin Sr. was an American politician in the state of Florida. He served in the Florida State Senate from 1953 to 1955 as a Democratic member for the 1st district. He also served briefly in the Florida House of Representatives, from 1947 to 1952 for Santa Rosa County.

text:
# Woodrow M. Melvin

**Woodrow Maxwell Melvin Sr.** (December 16, 1912  November 25, 1994) was an American politician in the state of Florida.

He served in the Florida State Senate from 1953 to 1955 as a Democratic member for the 1st district. He also served briefly in the Florida House of Representatives, from 1947 to 1952 for Santa Rosa County.

## InfoBox

| Woodrow M. Melvin | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Florida Senate | |
| **In office**
1953–1955 | |
| Member of the Florida House of Representatives | |
| **In office**
1947–1952 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Woodrow Maxwell Melvin
(1912-12-16)December 16, 1912
Florida, U.S. |
| Died | November 25, 1994(1994-11-25) (aged 81)
Escambia County, Florida, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Juanita Weekes Melvin |
| Residence(s) | Milton, Florida |
|  | |


title: Mounir Akbache

abstract: Mounir Akbache is a French middle-distance runner. After achieving modest success on the national level, he became a pacemaker for the Diamond League. As a rabbit, Akbache has paced several middle-distance world records in athletics, including for the indoor 3000 metres and outdoor 2000 metres.

text:
# Mounir Akbache

**Mounir Akbache** (born 14 March 1986) is a French middle-distance runner. After achieving modest success on the national level, he became a pacemaker (also known as a rabbit) for the Diamond League. As a rabbit, Akbache has paced several middle-distance world records in athletics, including for the indoor 3000 metres and outdoor 2000 metres.

## Athletics career

Akbache's individual career started as early as 2006, and he raced at several French Athletics Championships with a best placing of 4th at the 2015 indoor edition in the 1500 metres. Despite national-level successes, he was not able to qualify for the highest level of international competition, so he became a pacemaker.

## Pacing career

Akbache paced his first world record at the 2023 Meeting Hauts-de-France Pas-de-Calais, leading Lamecha Girma to break a 25-year-old record in the indoor 3000 metres. Speaking in French after the race, Akbache said, "I could feel that \[Girma\] was hyper-confident. He'd done some crazy sessions in training, he knew he had the world record in his legs".

Akbache is one of Jakob Ingebrigtsen's favorite pacemakers, helping Ingebrigtsen break the 2000 metres world record at the 2023 Memorial Van Damme. At the 2023 Bislett Games, Akbache paced Ingebrigtsen through the first lap in 55.47 seconds, leading *Track & Field News* to state "the pacing couldn't have been better". Ingebrigtsen would set a best of 3:27.95 in that race, a national record.

## Personal life

Akbache is a member of the Club athlétique de Montreuil 93 athletics club in France. He studied at the Institut national des sciences appliquées de Lyon, and he is also an engineer at the Roads Testing and Materials Department for the Centre Expérimental de Recherches et d'Etudes du Bâtiment et des Travaux Publics.

## Statistics

### Personal best progression

1500m progression
| # | Mark | Pl. | Competition | Venue | Date | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 3:52.97 | 6th (Heat 1-22) | French U23 Championships | Vénissieux, France | 19 July 2008 |  |
| 2 | 3:47.54 |  |  | Villefranche-sur-Saone, France | 25 June 2010 |  |
| 3 | 3:47.37 | 5th |  | Chassieu, France | 10 June 2011 |  |
| 4 | 3:47.28 | 7th | Meeting National D1 de Besançon | Besançon, France | 13 June 2011 |  |
| 5 | 3:46.49 | 8th (Round B) | Meeting National D1 de Metz Moselle Athlelor | Metz, France | 26 June 2011 |  |
| 6 | 3:44.69 | 7th | Memorial Leon Buyle, Putbosstadion, Lede-Oordegem | Oordegem, Belgium | 1 July 2011 |  |
| 7 | 3:42.83 | 5th (Round B) | Memorial Gert Rasschaert | Ninove, Belgium | 20 July 2012 |  |
| 8 | 3:42.62 | 11th | Meeting National de Montbéliard | Montbéliard, France | 5 June 2014 |  |
| 9 | 3:41.76 | 7th | Meeting National d'Amiens | Amiens, France | 20 June 2014 |  |
| 10 | 3:39.81 | 10th | Meeting Pro Athlé Tour de Montreuil | Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis, France | 6 July 2014 |  |

## InfoBox

Mounir Akbache
| Akbache pacing the 2022 FBK Games 1500 m | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Nationality | France |
| Born | (1986-03-14) 14 March 1986 |
| Education |  |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Athletics |
| Event(s) | 1500 metres
800 metres |
| Club | Club Athlétique de Montreuil 93 |
| Achievements and titles | |
| National finals |  |
| Personal best(s) | **1500m**:3:39.81 (2014)
**800m**:1:49.55 (2021) |
| Updated on 6 April 2024 | |