title: Punch Line San Francisco

abstract: Punch Line San Francisco is a comedy club located at 444 Battery St in San Francisco's Financial District. It has a sister club in Sacramento, California, and is also associated with Cobb's Comedy Club, now in the North Beach neighborhood of San Francisco. It is San Francisco's oldest running comedy club. The club was originally a restaurant during the day and the backstage hangout for The Old Waldorf nightclub next door at night.

text:
# Punch Line San Francisco

**Punch Line San Francisco** is a comedy club located at 444 Battery St in San Francisco's Financial District. It has a sister club in Sacramento, California, and is also associated with Cobb's Comedy Club, now in the North Beach neighborhood of San Francisco. It is San Francisco's oldest running comedy club.

> The club was originally a restaurant during the day and the backstage hangout for The Old Waldorf nightclub next door at night.
>
> Bobby Slayton

## History

The Punch Line was opened, circa October 1978, by Jeffrey Pollack and sold to Bill Graham in 1981. The building was adjacent to the Old Waldorf, a music venue originally opened in 1976 whose owner (Jeffrey Pollack) booked all the acts he could find, including music legends such as U2, Metallica, Dire Straits, Elvis Costello, R.E.M., AC/DC, and more.

The Punch Line San Francisco, the Punch Line Sacramento, and Cobb's Comedy Club were all owned and operated by Bill Graham Presents up until the death of Bill Graham in 1991. The company was taken over by a group of employees who later sold it to SFX Promotions. It was subsequently sold to Clear Channel Entertainment. On December 21, 2005, Clear Channel Communications completed the spin-off of Live Nation, formerly known as Clear Channel Entertainment. Live Nation is an independent company (NYSE: LYV) and is no longer owned by Clear Channel.

Comics such as Robin Williams, Ellen DeGeneres, Rosie O'Donnell, Drew Carey, Chris Rock, Patton Oswalt, and Dana Carvey took their first comedic steps on the Punch Line stage. The Punch Line's dedication to comic tradition has earned it the San Francisco Examiner and the San Francisco Chronicle's Readers' Choice Award for the Best Comedy Club. Today, The Punch Line is the only full-time comedy club in San Francisco.

In May 2019, the club announced it could not renew its lease with the current property owners (a subsidiary of Morgan Stanley) and was looking for a new location. Stand-up comic Dave Chappelle launched a #savethepunchline campaign and rallied SF city supervisor Aaron Peskin and Bay Area comedians W. Kamau Bell and Nato Green. In July 2019, an agreement was reached between Morgan Stanley, Google (new tenant of the building complex) and the Punch Line to secure the renewal of the lease. The club also received the Legacy Business status from the city of San Francisco, which safeguards the club as a cultural institution.

## Venue

The Punch Line San Francisco is open for business almost every Tuesday through Sunday to ticket-holders ages 18+ with valid photo I.D. The box office is open on show days from 3:00 – 6:00 p.m. There is a two drink minimum per person. Cameras and video/audio recording devices are not permitted.

## Sister clubs

Cobb's Comedy Club is located in the North Beach neighborhood of San Francisco and has been a comedy staple in the city for more than 30 years.

Punch Line Sacramento is Sacramento’s premier comedy club, and was opened and operated by Bill Graham Presents in 1991 as an expansion of the Punch Line San Francisco.

## Notable comedians

## InfoBox

Punch Line San Francisco
| Punch Line San Francisco entrance | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | 444 Battery St |
| Location | San Francisco, California |
| Coordinates | 37°47′44″N 122°24′00″W / 37.795539°N 122.399965°W / 37.795539; -122.399965 |
| Owner | Live Nation |
| Type | Comedy club |
| Capacity | Main room: 182 |
| Opened | 1978 (1978) |
| Website | |
| www.punchlinecomedyclub.com | |


title: Mechnice, Greater Poland Voivodeship

abstract: Mechnice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kępno, within Kępno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) north-east of Kępno and 142 km (88 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.

text:
# Mechnice, Greater Poland Voivodeship

**Mechnice** \[mɛxˈnit͡sɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kępno, within Kępno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) north-east of Kępno and 142 km (88 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.

## InfoBox

| Mechnice | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Mechnice | |
| Coordinates: 51°21′N 18°5′E / 51.350°N 18.083°E / 51.350; 18.083 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Kępno |
| Gmina | Kępno |


title: Neopriotelus

abstract: Neopriotelus is a genus of Erotylidae, the pleasing fungus beetle family.

text:
# Neopriotelus

***Neopriotelus*** is a genus of Erotylidae, the pleasing fungus beetle family.

## Taxonomy

*Neopriotelus* contains the following species:

## InfoBox

| *Neopriotelus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Neopriotelus apiatus* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Erotylidae |
| Genus: | *Neopriotelus*<br>Alvarenga, 1965 |
|


title: Pussy (Lords of Acid song)

abstract: "Pussy" is a song by Lords of Acid. It is written by Jade 4 U, Oliver Adams, and Praga Khan. It is featured on the album Our Little Secret.

text:
# Pussy (Lords of Acid song)

"**Pussy**" is a song by Lords of Acid. It is written by Jade 4 U, Oliver Adams, and Praga Khan. It is featured on the album *Our Little Secret*.

## Track listing

* **Belgian Maxi Single**

1. "Pussy (Box Banger)" – 5:39
2. "Pussy (Damage Twins 12" Mix)" – 7:35
3. "Pussy (We Want Some)" – 5:38
4. "Pussy (DJ Harald's 3 PM Dubmix)" – 5:16
5. "Pussy (Praga Khan's Radio Edit)" – 3:27
6. "Pussy (Our Little Secret Album Version)" – 3:28

* **Belgian Mini Single**

1. "Pussy (Oliver Adams Radio Edit)" – 3:28
2. "Pussy (Praga Khan's Radio Edit)" – 3:33

* **Belgian 12" Single**

1. "Pussy (Damage Twins 12" Mix)" – 7:35
2. "Pussy (Praga Khan's Radio-Edit)" – 3:33
3. "Pussy (DJ Harald's 3 PM Dubmix)" – 5:16
4. "Pussy (Oliver Adams Radio-Edit)" – 3:28

* **Belgian "Pussy (Remixes)" Single**

1. "Pussy (Box Banger)" – 5:34
2. "Pussy (Box Banger No Frills)" – 5:24
3. "Pussy (We Want Some)" – 5:16
4. "Pussy (We Want Some More)" – 4:54

* **US Maxi Single**

1. "Pussy (Box Banger)" – 5:42
2. "Pussy (LP Version) 4:06
3. "Pussy (Khan & Adams 12" Mix)" – 5:18
4. "Pussy (DJ Harald's 3PM Dub)" – 5:12
5. "Pussy (We Want Some)" – 5:39
6. "Pussy (We Want Some More)" – 5:08
7. "Pussy (Box Banger – No Frills)" – 5:42
8. "Pussy (The Power is Mine ("In Your Hand" Mix))" – 5:50

* **US 12" Single**

1. "Pussy (Box Banger)" – 5:34
2. "Pussy (Box Banger – No Frills)" – 5:24
3. "Pussy (We Want Some)" – 5:16
4. "Pussy (Khan & Adams Mix)" – 5:18
5. "Pussy (The Power is Mine "In Your Hand" Mix)" – 5:50
6. "Pussy (DJ Harald's 3 PM Dub)" – 5:16

* **Australian Maxi Single**

1. "Pussy (Praga Khan's Radio Edit)" – 3:33
2. "Pussy (Our Little Secret Album Version)" – 3:28
3. "Pussy (We Want Some)" – 5:16
4. "Pussy (DJ Harald's 3 P.M. Dub Mix)" – 5:16

* **German Maxi Single**

1. "Pussy (Damage Twins 12" Mix)" – 7:35
2. "Pussy (Our Little Secret Album Version)" – 4:02
3. "Pussy (Oliver Adams Radio Edit)" – 3:28
4. "Pussy (Box Banger)" – 5:34
5. "Pussy (We Want Some) (Think Tank)" – 5:16
6. "Pussy (Praga Khan's Radio Edit)" – 3:33
7. "Pussy (DJ Harald's 3PM Dub Mix)" – 5:16

## InfoBox

| "Pussy" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Lords of Acid | |
| from the album  *Our Little Secret* | |
| Released | May 5, 1998 |
| Recorded | 1998 |
| Genre | Electro, alternative dance, dirty rap |
| Label | Sixth Sense |
| Songwriter(s) | Jade 4 U, Oliver Adams and Praga Khan |
| Lords of Acid singles chronology | |
| "'Rubber Doll'"
(1997) "**Pussy**"
(1998) "'Am I Sexy...?'"
(1999) | |
|  | |
| Alternate cover | |
|  | |
| The censored cover used on some US releases. | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: ONE Friday Fights 10

abstract: ONE Friday Fights 10: Yodkrisada vs. Thepthaksin was a combat sports event produced by ONE Championship that took place on March 24, 2023, at Lumpinee Boxing Stadium in Bangkok, Thailand.

text:
# ONE Friday Fights 10

***ONE Friday Fights 10: Yodkrisada vs. Thepthaksin*** (also known as ***ONE Lumpinee 10***) was a combat sports event produced by ONE Championship that took place on March 24, 2023, at Lumpinee Boxing Stadium in Bangkok, Thailand.

## Background

The event set for two headlined, first headlined by a flyweight muay thai bout between Chorfah Tor.Sangtiennoi vs. Sherzod Kabutov, second headlined by a flyweight muay thai bout between Yodkrisada Sor.Sommai vs. Thepthaksin Sor.Sornsing.

At the weigh-ins, Sherzod Kabutov weighed in at 136.6 pounds, 1.6 pounds over the flyweight limit. The bout proceeded at catchweight with Kabutov was fined their purse of his purse, which went to his opponent Chorfah Tor.Sangtiennoi.

## Results

| Main card (YouTube / Facebook) | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Weight class |  |  |  | Method | Round | Time | Notes |
| Catchweight (132 lbs) Muay Thai | Thepthaksin Sor.Sornsing | def. | Yodkrisada Sor.Sommai | Decision (unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |  |
| Bantamweight Muay Thai | Panrit Lookjaomaesaiwaree | def. | Paedsanlek P.K.Saenchai | Decision (unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |  |
| Catchweight (116 lbs) Muay Thai | Rak Erawan | def. | Chusap Sor.Salacheep | TKO (punches) | 1 | 1:12 |  |
| Strawweight Muay Thai | Teeyai P.K.Saenchai | def. | Manolis Kallistis | Decision (unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |  |
| Flyweight Muay Thai | Superlek Jitmuangnon | def. | Sonrak Sit Por.Jor.Wor. | Decision (unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |  |
| Catchweight (118 lbs) Muay Thai | Thongpoon P.K.Saenchai | def. | Tomorrow Kiatsongrit | TKO (punches) | 1 | 0:24 |  |
| Preliminary card (FanDuel TV) | | | | | | | |
| Catchweight (136.6 lbs) Muay Thai | Chorfah Tor.Sangtiennoi | def. | Sherzod Kabutov | Decision (split) | 3 | 3:00 |  |
| Bantamweight Muay Thai | Yod-IQ P.K.Saenchai | def. | Samuel Bielen | TKO (elbow) | 2 | 0:38 |  |
| Bantamweight | Ivan Parshikov | def. | Yu Karino | Submission (kneebar) | 1 | 0:50 |  |
| Catchweight (160 lbs) Muay Thai | Anton Petrov | def. | Luca Lombardo | TKO (cut) | 1 | 2:23 |  |
| Bantamweight Muay Thai | Shingo Shibata | def. | Petklangna Sitphuyainiran | Decision (split) | 3 | 3:00 |  |

## Bonus awards

The following fighters received $10,000 bonuses.

* **Performance of the Night: Thepthaksin Sor.Sornsing, Rak Erawan, Thongpoon P.K.Saenchai** and **Yod-IQ P.K.Saenchai**

1. "ONE ลุมพินี : ยอดกฤษดา ส.สมหมาย วัดพลัง เทพทักษิณ ศ.ศรสิงห์ นำทัพ 11 คู่เดือด ศึก ONE ลุมพินี 10". ch7.com. 2023-03-21. Retrieved 2023-03-22. (in Thai)
2. "เอาจริงเต็มกำลัง "ยอดกฤษดา" ประกาศวัดพลัง "เทพทักษิณ" นำทัพคู่มวยเดือด ศึก ONE ลุมพินี 10". *TERO Entertainment*. 2023-03-21. Retrieved 2023-03-22. (in Thai)
3. Suwasan Iemsaard (2023-03-20). "เปิดโหมดวัดพลังอึด "ยอดกฤษดา" เดินหน้าท้าชน "เทพทักษิณ" นำทัพ 11 คู่มวยเดือดบู๊แหลก ศึก ONE ลุมพินี 10". *ONE Championship – The Home of Martial Arts*. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
4. "มาแล้ว! ผลชั่งน้ำหนักและวัดระดับน้ำในร่างกาย ศึก ONE ลุมพินี 10 "ยอดกฤษดา vs เทพทักษิณ" + อัปเดตเบาต์การ์ด". *TERO Entertainment*. 2023-03-24. Retrieved 2023-03-24. (in Thai)
5. "ONE Friday Fights 10". *ONE Championship – The Home of Martial Arts*. 21 March 2023. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
6. Tom Taylor (2023-03-25). "ONE Championship Friday Fights 10: Theptaksin Sor Sornsing among four Thai bonus winners". *South China Morning Post*. Retrieved 2023-03-25.

## InfoBox

| ONE Friday Fights 10: Yodkrisada vs. Thepthaksin | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotion | ONE Championship |
| Date | March 24, 2023 (2023-March-24) |
| Venue | Lumpinee Boxing Stadium |
| City | Bangkok, Thailand |
| Event chronology | |
| ONE Friday Fights 9: Eersel vs. Sinsamut 2 ONE Friday Fights 10: Yodkrisada vs. Thepthaksin ONE Fight Night 8: Superlek vs. Williams | |


title: German Athenaeum

abstract: The German Athenaeum was founded in 1869 by German artists and writers, with Gottfried Kinkel playing a key role. It was an elitist association of Germans in London who belonged to the middle to upper social class. This is reflected in the membership fees, which were quite high for the time: After a one-off membership payment of initially 15 guineas, scientists, artists and authors paid 4 guineas per year, while all other members paid 6 guineas per year. Membership was later acquired through the purchase of a share certificate, 1,000 of which were issued with a face value of £5 each. At the turn of the century, the association had around 430 members, which by 1910 had grown to just under 600. Lectures, concerts, exhibitions and the like were held regularly in order to establish networks of relationships. These took place in the club's club rooms, which were initially located at 93 Mortimer Street and from around 1908 at 19 Stratford Place. The clubhouse had to be closed in September 1914 due to strong anti-German sentiments that arose at the beginning of the First World War. According to The Times, the association was dissolved on its own initiative on October 24, 1914. It was removed from the police register shortly thereafter.

text:
# German Athenaeum

**The German Athenaeum** (German: Deutscher Verein für Kunst und Wissenschaft; "The German Association for Art and Science") was founded in 1869 by German artists and writers, with Gottfried Kinkel playing a key role. It was an elitist association of Germans in London who belonged to the middle to upper social class. This is reflected in the membership fees, which were quite high for the time: After a one-off membership payment of initially 15 guineas, scientists, artists and authors paid 4 guineas per year, while all other members paid 6 guineas per year. Membership was later acquired through the purchase of a share certificate, 1,000 of which were issued with a face value of £5 each.

At the turn of the century, the association had around 430 members, which by 1910 had grown to just under 600. Lectures, concerts, exhibitions and the like were held regularly in order to establish networks of relationships. These took place in the club's club rooms, which were initially located at 93 Mortimer Street and from around 1908 at 19 Stratford Place.

The clubhouse had to be closed in September 1914 due to strong anti-German sentiments that arose at the beginning of the First World War. According to *The Times*, the association was dissolved on its own initiative on October 24, 1914. It was removed from the police register shortly thereafter.

## Sources

* Deutscher Verein für Kunst und Wissenschaft London (Hg.) (1873). Jahresbericht 1873. London: Selbstverlag.
* Deutscher Verein für Kunst und Wissenschaft London (Hg.) (1873). Satzungen des Deutschen Vereins für Kunst und Wissenschaft in London. London: Selbstverlag.
* Deutscher Verein für Kunst und Wissenschaft London (Hg.) (1875). Mitgliederliste / Deutscher Verein für Kunst und Wissenschaft in London. London: Selbstverlag.
* Deutscher Verein für Kunst und Wissenschaft London (Hg.) (1876). Verein für Kunst und Wissenschaft. London: Selbstverlag.
* Deutscher Verein für Kunst und Wissenschaft London (Hg.) (1911). German Athenæum in London. Jahresbericht 1910. London: Selbstverlag.
* Katscher, Leopold (1887). 'German Life in London'. In: The Nineteenth Century. A Monthly Review. Edited by James Knowles. London: Henry S. King & Co. S. 726–741.
* Panayi, Panikos (Hg.) (1996). Germans in Britain since 1500. London & Rio Grande, Ohio: Hambledon Press.


title: Shin Yon-ho

abstract: Shin Yon-ho is a South Korean footballer. He is currently manager of Korea University.

text:
# Shin Yon-ho

**Shin Yon-ho** (Korean: 신연호; born 8 May 1964) is a South Korean footballer. He is currently manager of Korea University.

## Playing career

While playing as a striker for South Korean under-20 team in the 1983 FIFA World Youth Championship, Shin attracted attention by scoring three goals including two goals in the quarter-final match against Uruguay. He played for senior national team in the 1984 Summer Olympics qualification after the World Youth Championship. However, he changed his role to a midfielder after suffering from arthritis during his university days.

## Honours

**Korea University**

**Hyundai Horang-i**

**Hyundai Horang-i B**

**South Korea U20**

## InfoBox

Shin Yon-ho
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Shin Yon-ho | | |
| Date of birth | (1964-05-08) 8 May 1964 | | |
| Place of birth | Yeosu, Jeonnam, South Korea | | |
| Height | 1.76 m (5 ft 9+12 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Striker, midfielder | | |
| College career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1983–1986 | Korea University |  |  |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1987–1994 | Hyundai Horang-i | 155 | (11) |
| International career | | | |
| 1982–1983 | South Korea U20 | 6 | (4) |
| 1983–1984 | South Korea | 12 | (5) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 2002–2006 | Honam University | | |
| 2005 | South Korea Universiade | | |
| 2007 | Daegu FC (assistant) | | |
| 2009–2020 | Dankook University | | |
| 2021– | Korea University | | |
| Medal record      Representing  South Korea  Men's football  AFC Youth Championship  1982 Thailand  Team | | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Mizuki Tanimoto

abstract: Mizuki Tanimoto Mizuki Tanimoto is a Japanese athlete competing in long-distance events. Representing Japan at the 2019 World Athletics Championships, she placed seventh in the women's marathon.

text:
# Mizuki Tanimoto

**Mizuki Tanimoto** (谷本 観月, *Tanimoto Mizuki*, born 18 December 1994) is a Japanese athlete competing in long-distance events. Representing Japan at the 2019 World Athletics Championships, she placed seventh in the women's marathon.

## InfoBox

Mizuki Tanimoto
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Born | (1994-12-18) 18 December 1994 |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Athletics |
| Event(s) | 10,000 m <br>marathon |


title: Pullijärv

abstract: Pullijärv is a lake on the northwestern side of Misso settlement, in southeastern Estonia. It has an area of 61.7 ha, max. depth is 7.1 metres (23 ft) and the lake is 184.6 metres (606 ft) above sea-level.

text:
# Pullijärv

**Pullijärv** (also known as **Lake Pullipõdra**) is a lake on the northwestern side of Misso settlement, in southeastern Estonia. It has an area of 61.7 ha (152 acres), max. depth is 7.1 metres (23 ft) and the lake is 184.6 metres (606 ft) above sea-level.

## InfoBox

| Pullijärv | |
| --- | --- |
| Pullijärv and the village of Misso | |
| Pullijärv | |
| Location | Misso, Rõuge Parish, Võru County |
| Coordinates | 57°36′20″N 27°12′50″E / 57.60556°N 27.21389°E / 57.60556; 27.21389 |
| Basin countries | Estonia |
|  | |
| Surface area | 61.7 ha (152 acres) |
| Average depth | 3.9 m (13 ft) |
| Max. depth | 7.1 m (23 ft) |
| Surface elevation | 184.6 m (606 ft) |
|  | |
| References |  |


title: Peace, Retrenchment and Reform

abstract: Peace, Retrenchment and Reform was a political slogan used in early-19th-century British politics by Whigs, Radicals and Liberals. The historian R. B. McCallum in his history of the Liberal Party defined the meaning of the slogan: The critical, conscience-searching attitude to foreign and imperial affairs, the willingness to see the right triumph over national sentiment... was sheer idealism, the belief that war was wrong and that in the new world of great inventions and world-wide trade civilised nations should not require to settle difference by war.... Retrenchment... meant the saving of the resources of the individual from the grasp of the state taxation system. It was held as a general truth that wealth left in the hands of private persons would be more fruitfully used than if used by the state....[Liberals] had most vigorously attacked sinecures and abuses; it was they who had established free trade which seemed the best guarantee of economic development and it was they who more than any others discouraged expense on armaments, the most wasteful and unproductive of all expenditure.... Reform... had a particular and narrower use as meaning reform of the franchise.... More broadly it meant improvement in the method and art of government and the removal of any restriction or disqualification that fell on any particular class or sect. In 1794, the Radical Daniel Stuart published his pamphlet Peace and Reform, Against War and Corruption and in 1796, the Whig George Tierney stood for election a platform of "Peace and Reform". The relentless campaign by the Radical MP Joseph Hume against what he considered wasteful and extravagant government expenditure in the 1820s caused the word "retrenchment" to be added to "peace and reform". The Whig government of Earl Grey was elected to office on the slogan "Peace, Retrenchment and Reform" in 1830. The Liberals under William Ewart Gladstone won the 1880 general election on the slogan, as did the Liberals under Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman in 1906. The Radical MP John Bright said in 1859, "I am for 'Peace, retrenchment, and reform', the watchword of the great Liberal party 30 years ago. Whosoever may abandon the cause I shall never pronounce another Shibboleth, but as long as the old flag floats in the air I shall be found a steadfast soldier in the foremost ranks".

text:
# Peace, Retrenchment and Reform

**Peace, Retrenchment and Reform** was a political slogan used in early-19th-century British politics by Whigs, Radicals and Liberals.

The historian R. B. McCallum in his history of the Liberal Party defined the meaning of the slogan:

> The critical, conscience-searching attitude to foreign and imperial affairs, the willingness to see the right triumph over national sentiment... was sheer idealism, the belief that war was wrong and that in the new world of great inventions and world-wide trade civilised nations should not require to settle difference by war.... Retrenchment... meant the saving of the resources of the individual from the grasp of the state taxation system. It was held as a general truth that wealth left in the hands of private persons would be more fruitfully used than if used by the state....\[Liberals\] had most vigorously attacked sinecures and abuses; it was they who had established free trade which seemed the best guarantee of economic development and it was they who more than any others discouraged expense on armaments, the most wasteful and unproductive of all expenditure.... Reform... had a particular and narrower use as meaning reform of the franchise.... More broadly it meant improvement in the method and art of government and the removal of any restriction or disqualification that fell on any particular class or sect.

In 1794, the Radical Daniel Stuart published his pamphlet *Peace and Reform, Against War and Corruption* and in 1796, the Whig George Tierney stood for election a platform of "Peace and Reform". The relentless campaign by the Radical MP Joseph Hume against what he considered wasteful and extravagant government expenditure in the 1820s caused the word "retrenchment" to be added to "peace and reform". The Whig government of Earl Grey was elected to office on the slogan "Peace, Retrenchment and Reform" in 1830. The Liberals under William Ewart Gladstone won the 1880 general election on the slogan, as did the Liberals under Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman in 1906.

The Radical MP John Bright said in 1859, "I am for 'Peace, retrenchment, and reform', the watchword of the great Liberal party 30 years ago. Whosoever may abandon the cause I shall never pronounce another Shibboleth, but as long as the old flag floats in the air I shall be found a steadfast soldier in the foremost ranks".

* E. F. Biagini, *Liberty, Retrenchment and Reform. Popular Liberalism in the Age of Gladstone, 1860–1880* (Cambridge University Press, 1992).
* R. B. McCallum, *The Liberal Party from Earl Grey to Asquith* (London: Victor Gollancz, 1963).


title: Mechocracy

abstract: "Mechocracy" is the fourth episode of Red Dwarf XII and the 71st in the series run. Originally broadcast on the British television channel Dave on 2 November 2017, it was made available early on 26 October 2017 on UKTV Play. The machines aboard Red Dwarf grow concerned nobody has their interest in mind, and an election is held between Rimmer and Kryten to determine their new representative.

text:
# Mechocracy

"**Mechocracy**" is the fourth episode of *Red Dwarf XII* and the 71st in the series run. Originally broadcast on the British television channel Dave on 2 November 2017, it was made available early on 26 October 2017 on UKTV Play.

The machines aboard *Red Dwarf* grow concerned nobody has their interest in mind, and an election is held between Rimmer and Kryten to determine their new representative.

## Synopsis

*Red Dwarf* goes into yellow alert, a personal favorite of Rimmer's, where the ship has to respond to an SOS call from another ship. Lister downloads the other ship's data; however, it turns out to really be an "SOS virus" and, due to Lister not downloading it onto a quarantined drive, it has infected the *Red Dwarf* computer system with harmful malware, forcing the crew to abandon the ship, which has started drifting towards a black hole. As the crew pack their supplies before escaping, nearby vending machines question who'll be taking them to escape as well, before they list their importance. However, the crew explain they have no intention of bringing them along, so the machines combine their total power to defeat the malware infecting *Red Dwarf*.

Due to the machines feeling they have no one on ship with them in mind, they go on strike until the crew come up with a plan. Rimmer initially intends to appoint himself as their new leader, mainly for the power the position would bring, so Kryten decides to run against him in a democratic election held by the machines. Rimmer runs as a member of the "Lovely Fluffy Liberal Alliance Party" alongside Cat, who he's blackmailing with the information that he needs reading glasses, whilst Kryten runs as a member of the "Independent Future Party" with Lister, not wanting Rimmer to take control of the ship, as his voluntary running mate.

The election gets dirty as Rimmer decides to run a smear campaign on Kryten, airing attack ads on Kryten's mental health concerning his time taking care of the dead crew of the *Nova 5*. Kryten fires back, airing similar attack ads calling into account Rimmer having killed himself, twice. After some debates, the election is tied; to put the odds in their favour, Kryten and a begrudging Lister travel to the garbage hold where Talkie Toaster has been residing for the last 25 years. After agreeing to Talkie's demands to be put in the sleeping quarters and Lister eating a specified amount of toasted bread products each morning, they win his vote, which puts them over the edge, and Kryten wins the election for machine president. By next morning the crew are enjoying themselves, except for Rimmer, who Cat locked in the garbage hold alongside Talkie (who Lister has refused to take out of the garbage hold, despite getting his vote) until next week, as payback for blackmailing him to be his running mate. True to form, Talkie quickly drives Rimmer to insanity by constantly asking "Would you like some toast?"

## Production

Even though Talkie's voice actor, David Ross, had since retired from acting, he still lent his voice to the character he last played in 1991, recording his lines at a sound studio in his native Lancashire. "Mechocracy" marks the fifth time Daniel Barker has voiced a distinct character in an episode, putting him at equal standing with *Red Dwarf* alumni, Tony Hawks.

Doug Naylor had initial concerns bringing back vending machine-centric plots after Series X, but ultimately decided in favour of it as it aided the overall plot and humour of the episode.

## Reception

"Mechocracy" received positive reviews from critics and fans. Writing for *Den of Geek*, Mark Harrison referred to the episode as, "the first bonafide classic episode of the Dave era."

Sophie Davies of *Cultbox* praised the episode as a strong comeback from prior episode *Timewave*, "\[It\] could have easily been plucked from a much earlier series, ‘Mechocracy’ is the best episode of Red Dwarf XII so far and one of the best of the show’s Dave era."

## InfoBox

| "**Mechocracy**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Red Dwarf* episode | |
| Episode no. | Series 12<br>Episode 4 |
| Directed by | Doug Naylor |
| Written by | Doug Naylor |
| Original air date | 2 November 2017 (2017-11-02) |
| Guest appearances | |
| * Daniel Barker as Dispensing Machine 402 & Other Voices * Penelope Freeman as Dispensing Machine 403 * Oliver Maltman as Other Dispensing Machines * David Ross as Talkie Toaster | |
|
|


title: Neopragmatism

abstract: Neopragmatism is a variant of pragmatism that infers that the meaning of words is a result of how they are used, rather than the objects they represent. The Blackwell Dictionary of Western Philosophy (2004) defines "neo-pragmatism" as "A postmodern version of pragmatism developed by the American philosopher Richard Rorty and drawing inspiration from authors such as John Dewey, Martin Heidegger, Wilfrid Sellars, W. V. O. Quine, and Jacques Derrida". It is a contemporary term for a philosophy which reintroduces many concepts from pragmatism. While traditional pragmatism focuses on experience, Rorty centers on language. The self is regarded as a "centerless web of beliefs and desires". It repudiates the notions of universal truth, epistemological foundationalism, representationalism, and epistemic objectivity. It is a nominalist approach that denies that natural kinds and linguistic entities have substantive ontological implications. Rorty denies that the subject-matter of the human sciences can be studied in the same ways as we study the natural sciences. It has been associated with a variety of other thinkers including Hilary Putnam, W. V. O. Quine, and Donald Davidson, though none of these figures have called themselves "neopragmatists". The following contemporary philosophers are also often considered to be neopragmatists: Nicholas Rescher, Jürgen Habermas, Susan Haack, Robert Brandom, and Cornel West.

text:
# Neopragmatism

**Neopragmatism** is a variant of pragmatism that infers that the meaning of words is a result of how they are used, rather than the objects they represent.

The *Blackwell Dictionary of Western Philosophy* (2004) defines "neo-pragmatism" as "A postmodern version of pragmatism developed by the American philosopher Richard Rorty and drawing inspiration from authors such as John Dewey, Martin Heidegger, Wilfrid Sellars, W. V. O. Quine, and Jacques Derrida". It is a contemporary term for a philosophy which reintroduces many concepts from pragmatism. While traditional pragmatism focuses on experience, Rorty centers on language. The self is regarded as a "centerless web of beliefs and desires".

It repudiates the notions of universal truth, epistemological foundationalism, representationalism, and epistemic objectivity. It is a nominalist approach that denies that natural kinds and linguistic entities have substantive ontological implications. Rorty denies that the subject-matter of the human sciences can be studied in the same ways as we study the natural sciences.

It has been associated with a variety of other thinkers including Hilary Putnam, W. V. O. Quine, and Donald Davidson, though none of these figures have called themselves "neopragmatists". The following contemporary philosophers are also often considered to be neopragmatists: Nicholas Rescher (a proponent of methodological pragmatism and **pragmatic idealism**), Jürgen Habermas, Susan Haack, Robert Brandom, and Cornel West.

## Background

### "Anglo-analytic" influences

Neopragmatists, particularly Rorty and Putnam, draw on the ideas of classical pragmatists such as Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, and John Dewey. Putnam, in *Words and Life* (1994) enumerates the ideas in the classical pragmatist tradition, which newer pragmatists find most compelling. To paraphrase Putnam:

1. Rejection of skepticism (pragmatists hold that doubt requires justification just as much as belief);
2. Fallibilism (the view that there are no metaphysical guarantees against the need to revise a belief);
3. Antidualism about "facts" and "values";
4. That practice, properly construed, is primary in philosophy. (WL 152)

Neopragmatism is distinguished from classical pragmatism (the pragmatism of James, Dewey, Peirce, and Mead) primarily due to the influence of the linguistic turn in philosophy that occurred in the early and mid-twentieth century. The linguistic turn in philosophy reduced talk of mind, ideas, and the world to language and the world. Philosophers stopped talking about the ideas or concepts one may have present in one's mind and started talking about the "mental language" and terms used to employ these concepts. In the early twentieth century philosophers of language (e.g. A.J. Ayer, Bertrand Russell, G.E. Moore) thought that analyzing language would bring about the arrival of meaning, objectivity, and ultimately, truth concerning external reality. In this tradition, it was thought that truth was obtained when linguistic terms stood in a proper correspondence relation to non-linguistic objects (this can be called "representationalism"). The thought was that in order for a statement or proposition to be true it must give facts which correspond to what is actually present in reality. This is called the correspondence theory of truth and is to be distinguished from a neo-pragmatic conception of truth.

There were many philosophical inquiries during the mid-twentieth century which began to undermine the legitimacy of the methodology of the early Anglo-analytic philosophers of language. W. V. O. Quine in *Word and Object*, originally published in 1960, attacked the notion of our concepts having any strong correspondence to reality. Quine argued for ontological relativity which attacked the idea that language could ever describe or paint a purely non-subjective picture of reality. More specifically, ontological relativity is the thesis that the things we believe to exist in the world are wholly dependent on our subjective, "mental languages". A 'mental language' is simply the way words which denote concepts in our minds are mapped to objects in the world.

Quine's argument for ontological relativity is roughly as follows:

1. All ideas and perceptions concerning reality are given to our minds in terms of our own mental language.
2. Mental languages specify how objects in the world are to be constructed from our sense data.
3. Different mental languages will specify different ontologies (different objects existing in the world).
4. There is no way to perfectly translate between two different mental languages; there will always be several, consistent ways in which the terms in each language can be mapped onto the other.
5. Reality apart from our perceptions of it can be thought of as constituting a true, object language, that is, the language which specifies how things *actually are*.
6. There is no difference in translating between two mental languages and translating between the object language of reality and one's own mental language.
7. Therefore, just as there is no objective way of translating between two mental languages (no one-to-one mapping of terms in one to terms in the other) there is no way of objectively translating (or fitting) the true, object language of reality into our own mental language.
8. And therefore, there are many ontologies (possibly an infinite number) that can be consistently held to represent reality.

(see Chapter 2, in *Word and Object*).

The above argument is reminiscent of the theme in neopragmatism against the picture theory of language, the idea that the goal of inquiry is to represent reality correctly with one's language.

A second critically influential philosopher to the neo-pragmatist is Thomas Kuhn who argued that our languages for representing reality, or what he called "paradigms", are only as good as they produce possible future experiments and observations. Kuhn, being a philosopher of science, argued in *The Structure of Scientific Revolutions* that "scientific progress" was a kind of a misnomer; for Kuhn, we make progress in science whenever we throw off old scientific paradigms with their associated concepts and methods in favor of new paradigms which offer novel experiments to be done and new scientific ontologies. For Kuhn 'electrons' exist just so much as they are useful in providing us with novel experiments which will allow us to uncover more about the new paradigm we have adopted. Kuhn believes that different paradigms posit different things to exist in the world and are therefore incommensurable with each other. Another way of viewing this is that paradigms describe new languages, which allow us to describe the world in new ways. Kuhn was a fallibilist; he believed that all scientific paradigms (e.g. classical Newtonian mechanics, Einsteinian relativity) should be assumed to be, on the whole, false but good for a time as they give scientists new ideas to play around with. Kuhn's fallibilism, holism, emphasis on incommensurability, and ideas concerning objective reality are themes which often show up in neopragmatist writings.

Wilfrid Sellars argued against foundationalist justification in epistemology and was therefore also highly influential to the neopragmatists, especially Rorty.

### "Continental" influences

Philosophers such as Derrida and Heidegger and their views on language have been highly influential to neopragmatist thinkers like Richard Rorty. Rorty has also emphasised the value of "historicist" or "genealogical" methods of philosophy typified by Continental thinkers such as Foucault.

### Wittgenstein and language games

The "later" Ludwig Wittgenstein in the *Philosophical Investigations* argues contrary to his earlier views in the *Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus* that the role of language is not to describe reality but rather to perform certain actions in communities. The language-game is the concept Wittgenstein used to emphasize this. Wittgenstein believed roughly that:

1. Languages are used to obtain certain ends within communities.
2. Each language has its own set of rules and objects to which it refers.
3. Just as board games have rules guiding what moves may be made so do languages within communities where the moves to be made within a language game are the types of objects that may be talked about intelligibly.
4. Two people participating in two different language-games cannot be said to communicate in any relevant way.

Many of the themes found in Wittgenstein are found in neopragmatism. Wittgenstein's emphasis of the importance of "use" in language to accomplish communal goals and the problems associated with trying to communicate between two different language games finds much traction in neopragmatist writings.

## Richard Rorty and anti-representationalism

Richard Rorty was influenced by James, Dewey, Sellars, Quine, Kuhn, Wittgenstein, Derrida, and Heidegger. He found common implications in the writings of many of these philosophers, as he believed that these philosophers were all in one way or another trying to hit on the thesis that our language does not represent things in reality in any relevant way. Rather than situating our language in ways in order to get things right or correct, Rorty says in the Introduction to the first volume of his philosophical papers that we should believe that beliefs are only habits with which we use to react and adapt to the world. To Rorty getting things right as they are "in themselves" is useless if not downright meaningless.

In 1995, Rorty wrote: "I linguisticize as many pre-linguistic-turn philosophers as I can, in order to read them as prophets of the utopia in which all metaphysical problems have been dissolved, and religion and science have yielded their place to poetry." This "linguistic turn" strategy aims to avoid what Rorty sees as the essentialisms ("truth," "reality," "experience") still extant in classical pragmatism. Rorty wrote: "Analytic philosophy, thanks to its concentration on language, was able to defend certain crucial pragmatist theses better than James and Dewey themselves. \[...\] By focusing our attention on the relation between language and the rest of the world rather than between experience and nature, post-positivistic analytic philosophy was able to make a more radical break with the philosophical tradition."

## Further reading


title: Glen Lake Sanatorium

abstract: Glen Lake Sanatorium, a tuberculosis treatment center serving Hennepin County in Minnesota, opened on January 4, 1916, with a capacity of 50 patients, and closed in 1976. In 1909, the Minnesota State Legislature had passed a bill authorizing the appointment of county sanatorium boards and appropriating money for the construction of county sanatoriums. Glen Lake Sanatorium was the fifth of fourteen county sanatoria that opened in Minnesota between 1912 and 1918. Glen Lake was the first U.S. tuberculosis sanatorium to be accredited by the American Medical Association.The sanatorium had its own post office, and the mailing address was Glen Lake Sanatorium, Oak Terrace, Minnesota, until the surrounding area was incorporated into the City of Minnetonka.

text:
# Glen Lake Sanatorium

**Glen Lake Sanatorium**, a tuberculosis treatment center serving Hennepin County in Minnesota, opened on January 4, 1916, with a capacity of 50 patients, and closed in 1976. In 1909, the Minnesota State Legislature had passed a bill authorizing the appointment of county sanatorium boards and appropriating money for the construction of county sanatoriums. Glen Lake Sanatorium was the fifth of fourteen county sanatoria that opened in Minnesota between 1912 and 1918. Glen Lake was the first U.S. tuberculosis sanatorium to be accredited by the American Medical Association.The sanatorium had its own post office, and the mailing address was Glen Lake Sanatorium, Oak Terrace, Minnesota, until the surrounding area was incorporated into the City of Minnetonka.

## Timeline

1916: The Glen Lake Sanatorium originally consisted of three stuccoed buildings: A cottage for patients (later known as the East Cottage), an administrative building, and a heating plant/laundry.
1917: A fourth building (known as West Cottage) doubled the capacity.
1921: An eight-floor brick administration building opened and the patient census increased to almost 300.
1922: A detached four-story Children's Building could house up to sixty children—many of whom had been exposed to tuberculosis in their home and had parents undergoing treatment in the main buildings. The building was financed by the Citizens' Aid Society in memory of Lenora Hall Christian.
1924: A building boom greatly expanded the sanatorium campus. An addition housing a bakery and new kitchen linked the 1916 and 1921 administration buildings. A seven-floor East Wing was added and the sanatorium could serve 490 patients. Two residence buildings were constructed. A nurses' residence built north of the main campus also housed other female staff. A power plant and a residence for male employees were built across the road from the campus to the south (present-day Eden Prairie).
1925: The West Wing opened. The capacity was increased to 600. The Christian family funded the Glen Lake Children's Camp on Birch Island Lake, a short distance south of the main sanatorium. It is now on the National Register of Historic Places.
1934: An addition to the East Wing added surgical suites, occupational and therapy rooms, and classrooms. This building was the second to be financed by the Citizens' Aid Society. Former offices in the other buildings were converted to patient rooms and the final capacity of Glen Lake Sanatorium was 680 patients.
1936: The peak of the tuberculosis epidemic in Hennepin County occurred. The Glen Lake Sanatorium's population exceeded 700, with patients in hallways on gurneys and porches enclosed and transformed into wards. In 1936, the average stay by a patient at Glen Lake was 538 days.
1961: Chemotherapy had all but eliminated the need for extended stays in a sanatorium. Hennepin County leased the Glen Lake Sanatorium campus to the State of Minnesota. The state's Department of Public Welfare converted the sanatorium to a psycho-geriatric nursing home to serve aging residents of its state hospital system. It was named Oak Terrace Nursing Home in reference to the original post office address of Glen Lake Sanatorium, which was Oak Terrace, MN. A portion of the main building continued to house tuberculosis patients and operated as the Minnesota State Sanatorium.
1976: The last tuberculosis patient was discharged and the facility became a state Nursing facility for Ward of the State patients; those with severe mental and or physical disabilities. As other state facilities closed, patients were moved to Glen Lake Sanatorium, Which was then called "Oak Terrace Nursing Home".
1990: The state closed the nursing home when the Department of Human Services (formerly DPW) moved to a decentralized system of care.
1993: The entire campus, excepting the children's camp which is located in Eden Prairie, was razed. The Glen Lake Golf and Practice Center operated by Three Rivers Park District now occupies the site.

## Treatment

The Glen Lake Sanatorium was constructed on the Trudeau Sanatorium model, established at the Adirondack Cottage Sanitarium in Saranac Lake, New York by Dr. Edward Livingston Trudeau. The fresh-air-and-bed-rest treatment of tuberculous patients often meant open windows, even during Minnesota winters. Sun therapy, called heliotherapy, was the other essential element of early treatment at Glen Lake. The 1921 Administration building and East and West Wings featured "deck houses" or uncovered porches running the entire length of the buildings' top floors. Patients would lie in beds entirely exposed to the sun's rays, wearing minimal clothing. Patients' rooms on other floors had floor-to-ceiling triple-hung windows that would slide up and allow beds to be wheeled onto small porches.

In 1922, Glen Lake Sanatorium doctors first adopted and performed a surgical procedure known as artificial pneumothorax, which collapsed the lung affected by pulmonary tuberculosis. Collapse inhibited the proliferation of tubercle bacilli and stimulated the formation of scar tissue that controlled the disease. Another method, called extrapleural thoracoplasty, involved removal of portions of several ribs to collapse the chest wall. Phrenic nerve interruption was introduced to Glen Lake in 1924. This paralysis of the diaphragm reduced movement of the affected lung.

The collapse era was followed by chemotherapy. Streptomycin, a World War II development, was readily available by 1949. Isoniazid came into use in 1952 and, together with streptomycin, shortened patient stays from years to months.

Minnesota author Frederick Manfred was a patient at Glen Lake Sanatorium from 1940 to 1942. While there he met his future wife and fellow patient, Maryanna Shorba. Manfred later fictionalized his stay in the book *Boy Almighty*, published under his given name of Feike Feikema.

Dr. Harry Wilmer, coincidentally a roommate of Frederick Manfred at Glen Lake Sanatorium, wrote *Huber the Tuber* which was published by the National Tuberculosis Association in 1942. It was used in educational campaigns against tuberculosis.

The opening black and white sequence of *Untamed Heart* was filmed at Glen Lake Sanatorium shortly before it was demolished. In the movie, it represented the Catholic orphanage in which Christian Slater's character grew up. The bedside scene was filmed in the Children's Building and the other scene took place in the main first-floor hallway of the Administration Building. At the time of filming, the working title was "Baboon Heart."

The video documentary *From Beginning to End: Glen Lake Sanatorium and Oak Terrace Nursing Home* was produced in 1990 as a tribute to the 75th anniversary of the opening of the Sanatorium. The video, produced at Paragon Cable Studios by Steve Perkins, Mary Krugerud, and Colleen Spadaccini, is available for viewing at the Hennepin \[County\] History Museum.

"A Girl at a Tuberculosis Sanatorium" recounts the story of Theresa Ledermann, who was 13 years old when she entered Glen Lake Sanatorium for what turned out to be a four-year stay.

*San Memories*, a collection of photographs and oral histories, was published in celebration of the 75th anniversary of the opening of Glen Lake Sanatorium.

"The Christian Family's Fight Against Tuberculosis" details the many efforts of George Christian and his family to use their personal wealth to improve the care and treatment of people with TB.

"She's Consumed by the Story of the State's Sanatoriums" is about one person's interest in Minnesota's system of county tuberculosis sanatoriums.

Glen Lake Sanatorium is one of several tuberculosis facilities in Minnesota that is featured in the website Minnesota's Tuberculosis Sanatoriums.

"Interrupted Lives: The History of Tuberculosis in Minnesota and Glen Lake Sanatorium," written by Mary Krugerud, was published by North Star Press, St. Cloud MN, in September 2017. It relies on diaries, letters, and many interviews with former patients and employees to look beyond the common stereotypes of enforced confinement to present daily life in a sanatorium and changes in treatment over several decades.

44°53′35″N 93°27′52″W / 44.8930191°N 93.4643973°W / 44.8930191; -93.4643973U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Glen Lake State Sanatorium


title: Oberea nigrotibialis

abstract: Oberea nigrotibialis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1972.

text:
# Oberea nigrotibialis

***Oberea nigrotibialis*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1972.

## InfoBox

| *Oberea nigrotibialis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Oberea* |
| Species: | ***O. nigrotibialis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oberea nigrotibialis***<br>Breuning, 1972 | |
|


title: German Economic Review

abstract: The German Economic Review is a peer-reviewed academic journal of economics published quarterly by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of the Verein für Socialpolitik, of which it is an official journal. It was established in 2000. The current editors-in-chief are Almut Balleer, Jesus Crespo-Cuaresma, Peter Egger, Mario Larch, Jean-Marie Lozachmeur, Aderonke Osikominu, Georg Wamser, and Christine Zulehner. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 0.860, ranking it 275th out of 373 journals in the category "Economics".

text:
# German Economic Review

The ***German Economic Review*** is a peer-reviewed academic journal of economics published quarterly by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of the Verein für Socialpolitik, of which it is an official journal. It was established in 2000. The current editors-in-chief are Almut Balleer, Jesus Crespo-Cuaresma, Peter Egger, Mario Larch, Jean-Marie Lozachmeur, Aderonke Osikominu, Georg Wamser, and Christine Zulehner.

According to the *Journal Citation Reports*, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 0.860, ranking it 275th out of 373 journals in the category "Economics".

## InfoBox

*German Economic Review*
| Discipline | Economics |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Almut Balleer, Jesus Crespo-Cuaresma, Peter Egger, Mario Larch, Jean-Marie Lozachmeur, Aderonke Osikominu, Georg Wamser, Christine Zulehner |
| Publication details | |
| History | 2000–present |
| Publisher | John Wiley & Sons on behalf of the Verein für Socialpolitik |
| Frequency | Quarterly |
| Impact factor | 0.860 (2020) |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Ger. Econ. Rev.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 1465-6485 (print)
1468-0475 (web)
 |
| LCCN | 00235260 |
| OCLC no. | 231868508 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Shinmamushidani-ike Dam

abstract: Shinmamushidani-ike Dam is an earthfill dam located in Shimane Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is 0.3 km⁲. The dam impounds about 1 ha of land when full and can store 99 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was completed in 1949.

text:
# Shinmamushidani-ike Dam

**Shinmamushidani-ike Dam** is an earthfill dam located in Shimane Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is 0.3 km2. The dam impounds about 1 ha of land when full and can store 99 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was completed in 1949.

## InfoBox

| Shinmamushidani-ike Dam | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of Shinmamushidani-ike Dam in Japan | |
| Location | Shimane Prefecture, Japan |
| Coordinates | 35°25′20″N 133°5′11″E / 35.42222°N 133.08639°E / 35.42222; 133.08639 |
| Opening date | 1949 |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Height | 16m |
| Length | 80m |
| Reservoir | |
| Total capacity | 99 thousand cubic meters |
| Catchment area | 0.3 sq. km |
| Surface area | 1 hectares |


title: Mizuki Sano

abstract: Mizuki Sano is a Japanese actor and the eldest member of Johnny's Jr., the trainee unit of the well-known talent agency Johnny & Associates. He is perhaps best known for his role in Kindaichi Shounen no Jikenbo and his various activities as a member of Johnny's Jr.

text:
# Mizuki Sano

**Mizuki Sano** (佐野 瑞樹, *Sano Mizuki*, born September 26, 1973 in Fujinomiya, Shizuoka, Japan) is a Japanese actor and the eldest member of Johnny's Jr., the trainee unit of the well-known talent agency Johnny & Associates. He is perhaps best known for his role in *Kindaichi Shounen no Jikenbo* and his various activities as a member of Johnny's Jr.

## Biography

Mizuki Sano graduated from Fujinomiya West High School, and Shizuoka University with a degree in law. He has a younger brother, Daiki Sano, who is also an actor. Mizuki Ashiya and Izumi Sano, the two main characters in the manga *Hanazakari no Kimitachi e*, are named after him.

He left Johnny & Associates on December 31, 2018.

## Work

Mizuki Sano joined Johnny's in 1991. In 1993, he became a member of the short-lived Johnny's unit J-Eleven and also a member of KinKi Jr., a back-up group for KinKi Kids. In 1995, Sano became a first-generation member of Johnny's Sr., along with Masayuki Sakamoto, Hiroshi Nagano, and Yoshihiko Inohara of V6. Until 1996 he was a back-up dancer for Hikaru Genji, V6, SMAP, and KinKi Kids.

Unlike most of his contemporaries in Johnny's, Sano had never graduated from Junior status until he left the management of Johnny's. He now mainly performs as a stage actor.

* *Unnan no Sekai Seifuku Sengen* (1994)
* *Aji Ichi Monme* (TV Asahi, 1995) - Yuusuke
* *SALE!* (TV Asahi, 1995) - Kouji Kondou
* *Kindaichi Shounen no Jikenbo* (NTV, 1995–1996) - Makoto Makabe
* *V no Honoo* (Fuji TV, 1995) - himself
* *Hanayome wa 16 sai!* (TV Asahi, 1995) - Daisuke Tachibana
* *Dareka ga Dareka ni Aishiteru* (TBS, March 29, 1996) - Hiroshi Oono
* *Gakkou no Kaidan R*: "Hitoribocchi no Dousoukai" (Kansai TV, July 20, 1996) - **Isao Yoshibashi**
* Drama Shounen Suspense Series: *Houkenshitsu ni Mita Kyoufu* (TV Asahi, 1998) - **Kaoru** (lead role)
* *Keishichou Sousa File: Sakura-sho no Onna-tachi* (TV Asahi, July 25, 2007) - Nobuhiro
* *Kero Kero Chime* (1997) - Makaeru
* *Shinrei* (1996) - Taka
* *Kindaichi Shounen no Jikenbo* (1997) - Makoto Makabe
* *Shounen-tai Shuen SHOW Geki '92: MASK* (May 1992)
* *Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon* (1993) - Mamoru Chiba/Tuxedo Mask
* *Hime-chan no Ribbon* (1993) - Head of student council
* *Haru wo Matsu Ie* (1994) - Shouichi Tominoga
* *Mizuiro Jidai* (1996–1997) - Shikihito Hashimoto
* *Harumachi Kusa* (January 4-January 25, 1997) - Michitarou
* *Hanairo no Ie* (1997) - Gennosuke Tokieda
* *Waga Machi* (December 1997) - George Gibbs
* *Yoru no Kobushi* (October 9-October 25, 1998) - Kouta
* *Hatsumei BOY Kanepan* (December 23-January 15, 1998) - **Kanepan** (lead role)
* *Fortinbras* (May 8-May 30, 1999) - Fortinbras
* *Midare Kami: Yosano Akiko to Kanemoto* (October 2-October 28, 1999) - Saburou Tao
* *Watashi Datte!* (January 3-January 23, 2000) - Daikichi Komatsu
* *Kimi wa Ii Hito, Charlie Brown* (September 26-March 31, 2001) - Linus van Pelt
* *Ude ni Oboeari* (December 1-December 25, 2000) - Seinoshin Hiranuma
* *Abarenbō Shōgun: Ken Matsudaira's New Year's Special* (January 2-January 27, 2001) - Kishuu Motokage
* *Koufuku Onrei* (September 2-September 26, 2001) - Akimasa Ootaka
* *Fuyu no Undoukai* (November 2-November 27, 2001) - Kouichi Senkubo
* *Yumemiru Onna* (February 2-February 17, 2002) - Youichi Tadakoro
* *Fortinbras* (April 27-May 5, 2002) - Fortinbras
* *Yome mo Shuutome mo Mina Yuurei* (August 10-August 25, 2002) - Yuu Sakuma
* *Tsuma-tachi no Rokumeikan* (November 1-November 26, 2002) - Kenchou Suematsu
* *Hakaba Naki Shisha* (January 29-February 2, 2003) - Furansowa
* *Edokko Geisha: Yumeyakko Funtouki* (April 10-May 25, 2003) - Taiyou Yamamoto
* *Comic Jack* (2003) - **Asato Teppen** (lead role)
* *Omoshiroi Machi* (August 20-October 11, 2003) - Tooru Makino
* *Sora no Kaa-sama* (November 2-November 29, 2003) - Shousuke Kameyama
* *Love Letter* (February 12-March 9, 2004) - Satoshi
* *Yome mo Shuutome mo Mina Yuurei* (August 4-August 28, 2004) - Yuu Sakuma
* *Gekijou no Kami-sama* (January 5-February 26, 2005) - Sen'ichi Kondou, Genzaburou Yagyuu
* *Gogo no Yuigonjou* (May 5-June 28, 2005) - Daigorou Nishioka
* *Akai Yuuhi no Saigon Hotel* (August 8-September 30, 2005) - Gwen
* *Yonjuuni Choume no Kingdom* (November 11-November 27, 2005) - Makoto Tashiro, Kouhei Ootaguro
* *Love Letter* (June 24-July 2, 2006) - Satoshi
* \*pnish\* vol. 8 *Wonder Box* (September 21-September 26, 2006) - **Atsushi Shindou**
* *Gakuraku Home e Irasshai* (April 13-April 27, 2007)
* *Shakes* (October 4-October 21, 2007) - lead role
* *Trifle* (February 2-February 10, 2008) - lead role
* \*pnish\* vol. 10 *Samurai Mode* (June 11-June 15, 2008) - Ryoumei
* *Eve no Subete* (September 6-October 4, 2008)
* *Onna tachino Chuushingura* (May 6–26, 2013)

## InfoBox

| Mizuki Sano | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1973-09-26) September 26, 1973<br>Fujinomiya, Shizuoka, Japan |


title: Pullikada

abstract: Pullikada or Pullikkada is a neighbourhood of Kollam city in Kerala, India. Pullikada is very close to Chinnakada - the city CBD of Kollam and is a part of Downtown Kollam. The Coconut Development Board of India is planning to start a Coconut Processing Unit in Pullikada.

text:
# Pullikada

**Pullikada** or **Pullikkada** is a neighbourhood of Kollam city in Kerala, India. Pullikada is very close to Chinnakada \- the city CBD of Kollam and is a part of Downtown Kollam. The Coconut Development Board of India is planning to start a Coconut Processing Unit in Pullikada.

## Rajiv Awas Yojana Project for Kollam City

Pullikada colony is an important slum in the city. Rs.660 Crores Rajiv Awas Yojana project for poverty and slums alleviation is on implementation stage in Kollam. The scheme, which aims at the social, cultural and economic progress of the slum-dwellers, will also provide them houses with water supply, electricity, roads, drainage and other basic amenities. As a pilot project, it would be introduced on SMP Colony in the city and then to Pullikada colony.

## InfoBox

| Pullikada Pullikkada | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| PullikadaLocation in Kollam, IndiaPullikadaPullikada (Kerala)PullikadaPullikada (India) | |
| Coordinates: 8°53′21″N 76°35′30″E / 8.889296°N 76.591787°E / 8.889296; 76.591787 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Kerala |
| District | Kollam |
| Government | |
| Body | Kollam Municipal Corporation(KMC) |
| Languages | |
| Official | Malayalam, English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 691001 |
| Vehicle registration | KL-02 |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Kollam |
| Civic agency | Kollam Municipal Corporation |
| Avg. summer temperature | 34 °C (93 °F) |
| Avg. winter temperature | 22 °C (72 °F) |
| Website | http://www.kollam.nic.in |


title: Peace...Back by Popular Demand

abstract: Peace...Back by Popular Demand is the eighth studio album by Keb' Mo'.

text:
# Peace...Back by Popular Demand

***Peace...Back by Popular Demand*** is the eighth studio album by Keb' Mo'.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Original artist | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "For What It's Worth" | Stephen Stills | Buffalo Springfield | 4:00 |
| 2. | "Wake Up Everybody" | John Whitehead, Gene McFadden, Victor Carstarphen | Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes | 4:07 |
| 3. | "People Got to Be Free" | Felix Cavaliere, Eddie Brigati | The Rascals | 3:45 |
| 4. | "Talk" | Keb' Mo' |  | 3:38 |
| 5. | "What's Happening Brother" (featuring Bettye LaVette) | Gaye, James Nyx Jr. | Marvin Gaye | 3:25 |
| 6. | "The Times They Are A-Changin'" | Dylan | Bob Dylan | 4:11 |
| 7. | "Get Together" | Powers | Chet Powers | 4:00 |
| 8. | "Someday We'll All Be Free" | Hathaway, Edward Howard | Donny Hathaway | 4:02 |
| 9. | "(What's So Funny 'Bout) Peace, Love, and Understanding" | Nick Lowe | Brinsley Schwarz | 3:43 |
| 10. | "Imagine" | Lennon | John Lennon | 4:54 |

## Personnel

* Keb' Mo' \- Lead Vocals, Guitar ( 1 ), Electric Guitar, Dobro \[Steel\] (2,3), Dobro steel (4), Guitar \[Solo\] (5), el. guitar (7), ac. guitar, slide guitar ( 8 ), Acoustic Guitar, Dobro, Mandolin, Bass, Percussion (9), Acoustic Guitar, Dobro \[Steel\] (10)
* Greg Phillinganes \- organ (2, 8), piano (10)
* Michael King - Organ \[Hammond\] (3),
* Paul Jackson Jr. \- Acoustic Guitar, electric Guitar ( 4 ), el. guitar (5, 10)
* Harvey Mason \- drums (4)
* Reggie McBride \- bass ( 1 - 5, 7, 8, 10 )
* Stephen Ferrone \- drums ( 1 - 3, 5, 7 - 10 ),
* James Harrah \- guitar (1) el.guitar (3, 5, 8, 10),
* Jeff Paris - Organ \[Hammond\], Electric Piano ( 1, 7 ), Piano, Electric Piano \[Fender Rhodes\] (2),keyboards (3), mandoline (4), piano ( 5, 6 ), el. piano (8), Synthesizer (10)
* Paulinho Da Costa \- Percussion (1 - 5, 7 - 10)
* Lon Price \- Saxophone ( 1, 2, 3 )
* Nicholas Lane \- Trombone ( 1, 2, 3 )
* Brian Swartz \- Trumpet, Flugelhorn ( 1, 2, 3 )
* Nikka Costa \- Scat \[Soul Scat Vocal\]
* Mindi Abair \- Soprano Saxophone ( 5 ), Alto Saxophone \[Solo\]( 7 )
* Karen Elaine Bakunin \- Viola (2, 10)
* Susan Chatman \- Violin (2, 10)
* Mark Cargill \- Violin, Concertmaster ( 2,10 ), Fiddle (9)

## InfoBox

| Peace...Back by Popular Demand | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Keb' Mo' | |
| Released | September 21, 2004 |
| Studio | At Conway Studios, The Village Recorder, House Of Blues Studios, Encino, Stu Stu Studio, Marina Del Rey, CA |
| Genre | Blues, jazz |
| Label | Sony |
| Producer | Keb' Mo' |
| Keb' Mo' chronology | |
| *Keep It Simple*
(2004) ***Peace...Back by Popular Demand***
(2004) *Suitcase*
(2006) | |


title: Purnawarman Stadium

abstract: Purnawarman Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Purwakarta, Purwakarta Regency, West Java, Indonesia. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is used as the home venue for Persipo Purwakarta. The stadium holds 10,000 people.

text:
# Purnawarman Stadium

**Purnawarman Stadium** is a multi-use stadium in Purwakarta, Purwakarta Regency, West Java, Indonesia. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is used as the home venue for Persipo Purwakarta. The stadium holds 10,000 people.

6°33′52″S 107°26′44″E / 6.564369°S 107.4455°E / -6.564369; 107.4455

## InfoBox

Purnawarman Stadium
| Purnawarman StadiumLocation in Java | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | Indonesia |
| Location | Purwakarta, Purwakarta Regency, West Java |
| Coordinates | 6°33′52″S 107°26′44″E / 6.564369°S 107.4455°E / -6.564369; 107.4455 |
| Owner | Government of Purwakarta Regency |
| Operator | Government of Purwakarta Regency |
| Capacity | 10,000 |
| Surface | Grass field |
| Tenants | |
| Persipo Purwakarta | |


title: WB Games New York

abstract: WB Games New York, is a video game development company based in Troy, New York that works with game developers to build online features and web-based communities for video games. The company was founded by Michael DelPrete as Agora Studios Inc. and grew out of an RPI project. Their software game-play statistics for games including Call of Duty: World at War, Guitar Hero, and numerous other franchises. Major League Gaming acquired Agora Games on August 18, 2009. The studio was later sold to become a development studio within Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment in 2017, expanding its team, also rebranding to WB Games New York within the following year.

text:
# WB Games New York

**WB Games New York** (formerly **Agora Games, Inc.**), is a video game development company based in Troy, New York that works with game developers to build online features and web-based communities for video games. The company was founded by Michael DelPrete as Agora Studios Inc. and grew out of an RPI project. Their software game-play statistics for games including *Call of Duty: World at War*, *Guitar Hero*, and numerous other franchises.

Major League Gaming acquired Agora Games on August 18, 2009. The studio was later sold to become a development studio within Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment (now Warner Bros. Games) in 2017, expanding its team, also rebranding to WB Games New York within the following year.

Official website

## InfoBox

Warner Bros. Games New York
|
|  |
| Formerly | Agora Games, Inc.<br>(2005–2017) |
| Company type | Subsidiary |
| Industry | Video games |
| Founded | 2005 (2005) |
| Founder | Michael DelPrete |
| Headquarters | Troy, New York, US |
| Products | Catapult Framework |
| Number of employees | 23 (2017) |
| Parent |  |
| Website | careers.wbgames.com/studios/albany/ |


title: Glenmore Park Brumbies

abstract:
The Glenmore Park Brumbies is an Australian rugby league club. It was formed in 1994 and currently fields male and female teams in all junior grades of the Penrith District Rugby League.
The club is based at Ched Towns Reserve in Glenmore Park, New South Wales.

text:
# Glenmore Park Brumbies

The **Glenmore Park Brumbies** is an Australian rugby league club. It was formed in 1994 and currently fields male and female teams in all junior grades of the Penrith District Rugby League. The club is based at Ched Towns Reserve in Glenmore Park, New South Wales.

## Notable Juniors

## InfoBox

Glenmore Park Brumbies
| Club information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Glenmore Park Brumbies Rugby League Football Club |
| Nickname(s) | Brumbies |
| Colours | Gold<br>Maroon |
| Founded | 1994 (1994) |
| Current details | |
| Ground(s) |  |
| Competition | Penrith District Rugby League |


title: OTO Award for TV Host

abstract: OTO Award for TV Host has been bestowed to the most recognized television host of the past year in Slovakia. As a newly established category of the awards show, the opening winner of the category will be announced live during the upcoming 15th OTO Awards ceremony to be held on March 14, 2015.

text:
# OTO Award for TV Host

***OTO* Award
TV Host**

---

**Currently held by**
Adela Banášová

---

**First awarded | Last awarded**
2014 | Present

***OTO* Award for TV Host** has been bestowed to the most recognized television host of the past year in Slovakia. As a newly established category of the awards show, the opening winner of the category will be announced live during the upcoming 15th OTO Awards ceremony to be held on March 14, 2015.

## Winners and nominees

### 2010s

Adela Banášová

| Year | Recipient | Nominees |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | Not awarded | |
| 2011 | |
| 2012 | |
| 2013 | |
| 2014 | **Adela Banášová**
(3 consecutive wins) | * Andrej Bičan * Marcel Forgáč |
| 2015 | | * Marcel Forgáč * Milan Zimnýkoval |
| 2016 | | * Andrej Bičan * Marcel Forgáč |

## Superlatives


title: Product Development Technologies

abstract: Product Development Technologies, Inc. is a global product development consultancy founded in 1995. PDT is headquartered in Lake Zurich, Illinois, United States, with regional studios in Austin, Chicago, Fort Lauderdale, Los Angeles and Minneapolis. The company maintains an international presence in the United Kingdom, Ukraine and China. PDT works in these various disciplines: product strategy, design research, industrial design, user experience, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, software development, prototyping, quality assurance and global sourcing. The company specializes in the development of new products within the medical, consumer and defense sectors. Product Development Technologies is ISO 9001:2008, ISO 13485 compliant and ITAR registered. In 2000, Inc. Magazine named PDT as the 22nd fastest growing company in the United States. The PDT portfolio includes projects with clients including: Motorola, Dell, Qualcomm, Iridium, Texas Instruments and Cardinal Health. In 2011, PDT announced its partnership with a major U.S. university and Dr. Peter Belafsky, M.D., M.P.H., Ph.D. to create a new swallow enhancement device for sufferers of dysphagia. In 2009, PDT was also selected to work with Copenhagen-based Æsir, developing the Æ+Y mobile phone concepted by international designer Yves Béhar. After more than 7,000 hours of engineering, the phone launched in 2011. The firm also earned a 2010 Good Design Award for its work on the Invitrogen MAGic Sample Processor. PDT was purchased by Astronics Corporation in 2017 for $105 million.

text:
# Product Development Technologies

**Product Development Technologies**, Inc. is a global product development consultancy founded in 1995. PDT is headquartered in Lake Zurich, Illinois, United States, with regional studios in Austin, Chicago, Fort Lauderdale, Los Angeles and Minneapolis. The company maintains an international presence in the United Kingdom, Ukraine and China.

PDT works in these various disciplines: product strategy, design research, industrial design, user experience, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, software development, prototyping, quality assurance and global sourcing. The company specializes in the development of new products within the medical, consumer and defense sectors. Product Development Technologies is ISO 9001:2008, ISO 13485 compliant and ITAR registered. In 2000, Inc. Magazine named PDT as the 22nd fastest growing company in the United States.

The PDT portfolio includes projects with clients including: Motorola, Dell, Qualcomm, Iridium, Texas Instruments and Cardinal Health. In 2011, PDT announced its partnership with a major U.S. university and Dr. Peter Belafsky, M.D., M.P.H., Ph.D. to create a new swallow enhancement device for sufferers of dysphagia. In 2009, PDT was also selected to work with Copenhagen-based Æsir, developing the Æ+Y mobile phone concepted by international designer Yves Béhar. After more than 7,000 hours of engineering, the phone launched in 2011. The firm also earned a 2010 Good Design Award for its work on the Invitrogen MAGic Sample Processor.

PDT was purchased by Astronics Corporation in 2017 for $105 million.

## InfoBox

Product Development Technologies, Inc.
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Founded | 1995 |
| Headquarters | Lake Zurich, Illinois, U.S. |
| Website | PDT.com |


title: Isabel García Muñoz

abstract: Isabel García Muñoz is a Spanish politician who was elected as a Member of the European Parliament in 2019.

text:
# Isabel García Muñoz

**Isabel García Muñoz** (pronounced \[isaˈβel ɣaɾˈθi.a muˈɲoθ\]; born 1977) is a Spanish politician who was elected as a Member of the European Parliament in 2019.

## Early life and career

Born on 3 March 1977 in Zaragoza, she completed studies in Telecommunications Engineering at the University of Zaragoza and also worked for the Institute for Engineering Research of Aragon's Department of Biomechanics.

## Political career

García became a municipal councillor of Muel in 2007 and a Member of the Cortes of Aragon in the 2015 national elections.

García, who ran 19th in the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party list for the 2019 European Parliament election in Spain, was elected MEP. She has been serving as vice-chair of the Committee on Budgetary Control and as member of the Committee on Transport and Tourism. Within the Committee on Transport and Tourism, she has been part of the Tourism Task Force (TTF).

In addition to her committee assignments, García is a member of the European Parliament Intergroup on Disability and the Spinelli Group.

## InfoBox

| Isabel García MuñozMEP | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the European Parliament
for Spain | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
2 July 2019 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1977-03-03) 3 March 1977
Zaragoza, Spain |
| Political party | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party |
|  | |


title: Pure Steel Records

abstract:
Pure Steel Records is a record label based in Germany that focuses on heavy metal music. Pure Steel produces CDs and LPs. Founded by Kay Anders and Andreas Lorenz in 2006, the main interest of Pure Steel is to spread the true and independent heavy metal sound inspired by the glorious 80s. After 2007, when thrash metal and power metal was growing again they introduced many bands to the metal world. They also collaborate with other labels to re-release notable metal albums on LP.
Pure Steel released the first official tribute to Warlock / Doro Pesch in December 2008.

text:
# Pure Steel Records

**Pure Steel Records** is a record label based in Germany that focuses on heavy metal music. Pure Steel produces CDs and LPs.

Founded by Kay Anders and Andreas Lorenz in 2006, the main interest of Pure Steel is to spread the true and independent heavy metal sound inspired by the glorious 80s. After 2007, when thrash metal and power metal was growing again they introduced many bands to the metal world. They also collaborate with other labels to re-release notable metal albums on LP. Pure Steel released the first official tribute to Warlock / Doro Pesch in December 2008.

## Bands

* **CD bands:**

As Darkness Dies, Agamendon, Alltheniko, Angband, Artizan, Arctic Flame, A Tortured Soul, Attick Demons, Blazing Rust, Boomerang, Cage, Conjuring Fate, Chimaera, Commandment, Crom, Crystal Tears, Custard, Deathfist, Desert Sin, Destructor, Dragonsfire, Emerald, Enchanter, Eternal Reign, Exxplorer, Eynomia, Fatal Embrace, Gorgons Eyes, Helvetest Port, Halloween, Hjallarhorn, Holy Cross, Icy Steel, Ice Vinland, In Solitude, Ivory Tower, Jackal, Lanfear, Mortician, Overdrive U.K. Pandea, Phantom-X, Power Theory (US band), Primeval Realm, Project Terror, Razorfist, Salem, Savage Blade, Sencirow, Shadowkeep, Skullview, Split Heaven, Steel Raiser, St. Elmo's Fire, Stormrider, The Prowlers, Thunderblast, Titan Steele, Trauma, Ursus, Valkyrie's Cry, Warcry, Warrant, Widow, Wolfs Moon, Wretch (US), Zandelle, Sacrilege, Lost Legacy (US band)

* **LP bands:**

Aska, Avenger, Cage, Crescent Shield, Emerald, Fatal Embrace, Pharaoh, Sacred Steel, Salem, Seasons of the Wolf, Shadowkeep, Steel Prophet, Trauma

## Distribution

Distribution is handled through Soulfood GmbH in Europe.

## InfoBox

| Pure Steel Records | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Founded | 2006 |
| Founder | Kay Anders
Andreas Lorenz |
| Distributor(s) | Indie |
| Genre | Heavy metal
Power metal
Thrash metal
Progressive metal
Glam metal |
| Country of origin | Germany |
| Location | Schwarzenberg |
| Official website | puresteel-records.com |


title: Meg Hemphill

abstract: Megumi Hemphill known as Megu Hemphill and Meg Hemphill is a Japanese track and field athlete. She was the Japanese national champion in 2017 and she was placed second in the 2017 Asian Athletics Championships heptathlon.

text:
# Meg Hemphill

**Megumi Hemphill** known as **Megu Hemphill** and **Meg Hemphill** (born 23 May 1996, in Kyotanabe, Kyoto) is a Japanese track and field athlete. She was the Japanese national champion in 2017 and she was placed second in the 2017 Asian Athletics Championships heptathlon.

## Life

Hemphill was born in 1996. Her parents, Chie and Scott, are from America and Japan and they called her "Megu". When she was eighteen she scored a record heptathlon (junior) score of 5519 while competing for Kyoto Bunkyo High School. She also won the 100 metres for them and she was the anchor in ther relay team.

She became a student at Chuo University and in her first year she represented them at the heptathlon event in the 84th Japan Students Interscholastic Track and Field Tournament in Osaka. She won the event in September 2015.

She competed in the 2015 Asian Championships and she became the Japanese under 20 record holder at the heptathlon with a combined score of 5678. In the 2017 Asian Championships she won the silver medal behind Swapna Barman of India, and beat Purnima Hembram, also of India. In the 2017 heptathlon rankings for all of Asia, Swapna was second to the Chinese athlete Wang Qingling and Hemphill was third. She was 0.2 of a second behind the leading athlete at 100 metres

She finished sixth at the 2018 Asian Games, and did not finish the competition at the 2019 Asian Championships.

She achieved a personal best time of 13.3 seconds for the 100 Metres Hurdles at the Prefectural Stadium in Fukui in 2020.

## InfoBox

Megumi Hemphill
| in Odisha in 2017 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| National team | Japan |
| Born | 23 May 1996 (1996-05-23) (age 28)<br>Kyotanabe, Kyoto |
| Education | Chuo University |
| Occupation | Athlete |
| Height | 167 cm (5 ft 6 in) |
| Weight | 67 kg (148 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Heptathlon |


title: Neotaracia unimacula

abstract: Neotaracia unimacula is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Neotaracia of the family Tephritidae.

text:
# Neotaracia unimacula

***Neotaracia unimacula*** is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus *Neotaracia* of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Mexico South to Costa Rica.

## InfoBox

| *Neotaracia unimacula* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Tephritidae |
| Subfamily: | Tephritinae |
| Tribe: | Acrotaeniini |
| Genus: | *Neotaracia* |
| Species: | ***N. unimacula*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Neotaracia unimacula***<br>Foote, 1979 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Glenmore Forest Park

abstract: Glenmore Forest Park is a remnant of the Caledonian Forest near Aviemore in the Badenoch and Strathspey district of Highland, Scotland. Owned and managed by Forestry and Land Scotland, it lies within the Cairngorms National Park, and is one of six forest parks in the country. The forest park, which was established in 1948, covers 35.7 km⁲, of which 21.1 km⁲ is designated as a national nature reserve (NNR). Glenmore surrounds Loch Morlich, and is below the rise of the Cairngorms to the south; to the north the park extends to the summit of Meall a' Bhuachaille. The forest forms part of an expanse of Caledonian Forest that stretches from Glen Feshie to Abernethy, and which as a whole forms the largest single area of this habitat remaining in Scotland. It is home to much wildlife including Scottish crossbills, crested tits, capercaillie, narrow-headed ants, red squirrels and red deer. The Sportscotland National Centre Glenmore Lodge is situated about 1.5 km east of Loch Morlich, and is surrounded by the park. During the Second World War the area was a training base for Norwegian resistance fighters, who are commemorated by a memorial located near to the visitor centre.

text:
# Glenmore Forest Park

**Glenmore Forest Park** is a remnant of the Caledonian Forest near Aviemore in the Badenoch and Strathspey district of Highland, Scotland. Owned and managed by Forestry and Land Scotland, it lies within the Cairngorms National Park, and is one of six forest parks in the country. The forest park, which was established in 1948, covers 35.7 km2, of which 21.1 km2 is designated as a national nature reserve (NNR). Glenmore surrounds Loch Morlich, and is below the rise of the Cairngorms to the south; to the north the park extends to the summit of Meall a' Bhuachaille. The forest forms part of an expanse of Caledonian Forest that stretches from Glen Feshie to Abernethy, and which as a whole forms the largest single area of this habitat remaining in Scotland. It is home to much wildlife including Scottish crossbills, crested tits, capercaillie, narrow-headed ants, red squirrels and red deer.

The Sportscotland National Centre Glenmore Lodge is situated about 1.5 km east of Loch Morlich, and is surrounded by the park. During the Second World War the area was a training base for Norwegian resistance fighters, who are commemorated by a memorial located near to the visitor centre.

## Folklore

A fairy known as the Ly Erg, a portent of death, is said to frequent the area of the forest. According to local legends a small lake in the park, *An Lochan Uaine*, has its water coloured in green due to the fairies, who wash their green clothes in the lake.

## Flora and fauna

As a Caledonian Forest, the predominant tree species at Glenmore is Scots pine. Around half of the pines originate as a result of natural processes, whilst the remainder have been planted using seeds of local origin. Broadleaved species such as birch, willow and rowan are also present, and there are areas of juniper scrub and alder. Trees are expanding on to areas of open heath, and a natural tree line is developing at the upper edge of the forest. The forest floor is home to many species associated with native pinewoods including one-flowered wintergreen, twinflower, small cranberry and intermediate wintergreen.

Glenmore Forest is important for many bird species, especially Scottish crossbill and capercaillie. In 2006 Glenmore was identified as having the highest productivity of capercaillie for any monitored site in Scotland. Golden eagles can be seen over parts of the forest, and ospreys regularly hunt over Loch Morlich. Peregrine falcons and merlins also hunt in the area, and occasionally breed at Glenmore. Dotterel can occasionally be found on the higher parts of the area, above the tree line, although they normally prefer the open habitats of the mountain plateau. The rivers and lochs of the forest provide a home for otters, and are an important spawning area for Atlantic salmon.

## Conservation

Extraction of timber from Glenmore dates back to at least the 17th century, with large scale extraction beginning in 1783. Felling continued into the 20th century, and the area was also used to graze sheep, and as a deer forest. During this period little tree regeneration occurred. The Forestry Commission acquired Glenmore in 1923, and began to restock the wood, using Scots pines and non-native species such as Norway spruce and Sitka spruce. The area was declared a forest park 1948, and became a national nature reserve in 2007. Forestry and Land Scotland now plan to remove all non-native tree species, and replant areas with Scots pine of local provenance and other native trees.

In addition to its status as a national nature reserve and a forest park Glenmore is also designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), and forms part of the Cairngorms Special Protection Area (SPA). There are also two Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) that overlap with the NNR: the Cairngorms SAC and the River Spey SAC. The NNR is classified as a Category IV protected area by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

### Citations

### Bibliography

57°10′12″N 3°42′58″W / 57.170°N 3.716°W / 57.170; -3.716

## InfoBox

| Glenmore National Nature Reserve | |
| --- | --- |
| IUCN category IV (habitat/species management area) | |
| Glenmore Forest | |
| A map showing the location of the Glenmore Forest Park within Highland. | |
| Location | Highland, Scotland |
| Coordinates | 57°10′12″N 3°42′58″W / 57.170°N 3.716°W / 57.170; -3.716 |
| Area | 21.1 km2 (8.1 sq mi) |
| Designation | NatureScot |
| Established | 2007 |
| Owner | Forestry and Land Scotland |
| Website | Glenmore Forest Park |


title: Obdach

abstract: Obdach is a municipality in the district of Murtal in Styria, Austria.

text:
# Obdach

**Obdach** (German: \[ˈɔbˌdax\]) is a municipality in the district of Murtal in Styria, Austria.

## Geography

The municipality covers an area of 159.24 km² and is located in the valley of the Granitzenbach north of the Obdach Saddle the transition from the Upper Murtal to the Lavanttal. The municipal area extends from the valley to the west to the Seetal Alps with the highest peak, the Zirbitzkogel (2396 m).

### Neighbourhoods and outlying communities

The municipal area includes the following 18 villages (Population 01-01-2021):

* Amering (418)
* Bärnthal (20)
* Granitzen (149)
* Großprethal (110)
* Kathal in Obdachegg (123)
* Katschwald (69)
* Kienberg (95)
* Kleinprethal (70)
* Lavantegg (184)
* Mönchegg (171)
* Obdach (1529)
* Obdachegg (240)
* Rötsch (198)
* Sankt Anna-Feriensiedlung (26)
* Sankt Georgen in Obdachegg (71)
* Warbach (134)
* Winterleiten (124)
* Zanitzen (16)

The municipality consists of six cadastral municipalities (area as of 2015):

* Granitzen (3.764,53 ha)
* Kienberg (2.043,69 ha)
* Lavantegg (4.713,68 ha)
* Obdach (514,87 ha)
* Obdachegg (2.091,64 ha)
* Prethal (2780,01 ha)

The village is located in the judicial district of Judenburg.

## History

Obdach was first mentioned in a document in 1190 as "Obdah". The name goes back to the Old High German *obadah* (protective roof). It is likely that there was a refreshment stop on the land lot for travelers on their way to Carinthia. In 1324 Obdach was elevated to a market and also had a high court. Obdach was a regionally important trading center on the road over the Obdach Saddle.

### Population development

97.6% of the population held Austrian citizenship. The Roman Catholic Church accounted for 91.3 % of the population, the Protestant Church for 1.1 % and Islam for 1.8 %, and 4.7 % had no religious affiliation (as of 2001).

The municipality experienced population growth in the second half of the 20th century. The decrease in the number of inhabitants since 2000 affects especially the youth. The number of people under fifteen years old decreased by 40 percent from 2001 to 2019, and at the same time the percentage of people over 65 years old grew by 34 percent.

## Culture and sights

* Catholic parish church Obdach St. Aegydius
* Hospital church: owned by the burghers, from the 1st half of the 15th century.
* Square Tower

Natural sights

* Granitzenbach, which is a natural monument in its upper reaches

## Economy and infrastructure

According to the 2001 workplace census, there were 99 workplaces with 873 employees in the municipality, as well as 519 out-commuters and 463 in-commuters. There were 91 agricultural and forestry holdings (32 of which were full-time), which together farmed 3,114 ha (1999).

The most important industrial enterprise is the ALKO machine factory (mainly lawn mowers) with about 250 employees.

### Traffic

Traffic access is provided by the Obdacher Straße B 78, which connects the Carinthian Lavanttal with the Murtal. In Obdach is a station of the Lavanttalbahn. Passenger service between Zeltweg and Bad St. Leonhard was discontinued in 2010.

### Education

In Obdach there is a kindergarten, an elementary school and a new secondary school.

## Politics

The municipal council has 21 members.

* With the 2015 municipal elections in Styria, the municipal council had the following distribution: 14 ÖVP, 6 SPÖ and 1 FPÖ.
* With the municipal elections in Styria 2020, the municipal council has the following distribution: 14 ÖVP and 7 SPÖ.

### Mayor

* until 2014 Peter Köstenberger (ÖVP)
* since 2015 Peter Bacher (ÖVP)

### Partner municipalities

* Kötz in Bavaria has been Obdach's partner community since 1990.

### Coat of arms

Due to the merging of municipalities, the coat of arms lost its official validity on 1 January 2015. The re-award took effect on 1 January 2016.

The new blazon (coat of arms description) reads:

"In blue shield over green shield base between two silver towers with three battlements each and a black openwork round arched window on the ground floor set a silver ashlar, two-story wall with openwork round gate with raised portcullis and two black openwork high rectangular windows on each floor; above the gate a tower with three black pierced round arched windows and golden, below wavy closed hood together with black pierced round arched window, pommel and pennant flying off to the left."

## Personalities

### Honorary citizen of the municipality

* 1881: Johann Freiherr von Vernier-Rougemont (District Governor of Judenburg 1876–1883)
* 1928: ÖR Josef Grogger (Mayor of Obdach 1917–1919)
* 1936: Eduard Schützenauer (physician)
* 1973: Wolfgang Köle (1919–2018), (physician)
* 1973: Heinrich Köle (1920–2015), (physician)
* 1974: Johann Bammer (1922–2017), (provincial councilor)
* 1974: Alois Kober (1908–1996), (entrepreneur)
* 1982: Ernst Schwartz
* 1984: ÖR Franz Zellnig (Mayor of Obdach 1970–1984)
* 1986: Hans Gross (1930–1992), (Deputy Governor of the Province of Obdach)
* 1998: Herbert Kober (\*1933), (entrepreneur)
* 1998: Kurt Kober (entrepreneur)
* 1998: Willy Kober (entrepreneur)

### Sons and daughters of the community

* Rudolf Falb, 1838–1903 (researcher)
* Viktorin Weyer, 1866–1939 (Benedictine abbot of Sankt Lambrecht)
* Ernest Kaltenegger, born 1949 (politician of the KPÖ)
* Peter Rieser, born 1950 (politician of the ÖVP)

## Trivia

Until 2014, Obdach was the municipality with the highest "municipal office density": in addition to the Obdach office building, the municipal offices of Sankt Anna am Lavantegg and Sankt Wolfgang-Kienberg were also located on properties in the cadastral municipality of Obdach.

## Literature

* Gernot Fournier, Reiner Puschnig: *Das Obdacherland und seine Geschichte* *(English: The Obdach region and its history)*. Obdach 1990.

## InfoBox

| Obdach | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Centre of Obdach | |
|  | |
| ObdachLocation within Austria | |
| Coordinates: 47°04′05″N 14°41′42″E / 47.06806°N 14.69500°E / 47.06806; 14.69500 | |
| Country | Austria |
| State | Styria |
| District | Murtal |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Peter Bacher (ÖVP) |
| Area | |
| Total | 159.26 km2 (61.49 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 877 m (2,877 ft) |
| Population (2018-01-01) | |
| Total | 3,810 |
| Density | 24/km2 (62/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 8742 |
| Area code | 03578 |
| Vehicle registration | JU |
| Website | www.obdach.
steiermark.at |


title: Product 19

abstract: Product 19 was a breakfast cereal made by Kellogg's. Introduced in 1967, it consisted of lightly sweetened flakes made of corn, oats, wheat, and rice, marketed as containing all required daily vitamins and iron. The product was discontinued in 2016.

text:
# Product 19

**Product 19** was a breakfast cereal made by Kellogg's. Introduced in 1967, it consisted of lightly sweetened flakes made of corn, oats, wheat, and rice, marketed as containing all required daily vitamins and iron. The product was discontinued in 2016.

## Origin of name

The name has been explained in two ways: as the 19th version of the cereal or Kellogg's 19th product in development that year.

## Product history and marketing

Kellogg's introduced Product 19 in 1967 in response to General Mills' Total, which claimed to contain the entire daily nutritional requirement of vitamins and minerals. Like Total, Product 19 was fortified with the US recommended daily allowance of vitamins and minerals. Unlike Total, Product 19 was a multi-grain cereal. It was packaged in a relatively plain red and white box, originally with charts and text, and was marketed to older consumers and the health-conscious. The original slogan was "Instant Nutrition - New cereal food created especially for working mothers, otherwise busy mothers and everybody in a hurry."

In the early 1970s, advertising for Product 19 featured the former American football player, Tom Harmon. Towards the end, boxes depicted a person doing yoga. Within Kellogg's range of cereals, it was targeted to customers seeking to lose weight. In response to lackluster sales, Kellogg's limited distribution of Product 19 in the 2010s, and announced in 2016 that it had been discontinued.

1. Bruce, Scott; Crawford, Bill (1995). *Cerealizing America: The Unsweetened Story of American Breakfast Cereal*. Boston: Faber and Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-19851-1.
2. Grundhauser, Eric (November 7, 2016). "The Long Death of Product 19, the Most Beloved Cereal You've Never Heard Of". *Atlas Obscura*.
3. Warner, Melanie (2013). *Pandora's Lunchbox: How Processed Food Took Over the American Meal*. New York: Scribner. p. 71. ISBN 9781451666731. Product 19 cereal.
4. Michman, Ronald D.; Mazze, Edward M. (1998). *The Food Industry Wars: Marketing Triumphs and Blunders*. Westport, Connecticut: Quorum. pp. 114, 124. ISBN 9781429473064. Product 19 cereal.


title: Isabel Garcés

abstract: Isabel Garcés Cerezal (1901–1981) was a Spanish stage and film actress.

text:
# Isabel Garcés

**Isabel Garcés Cerezal** (1901–1981) was a Spanish stage and film actress.

## Selected filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1960 | *My Last Tango* | Clarisa |  |
| 1961 | *An Angel Has Arrived* | Herminia |  |
| 1961 | *My Wedding Night* | Gabriela |  |
| 1963 | *The Daughters of Helena* | Doña Helena |  |
| | *Como dos gotas de agua* | Ángela Goñi | Busqueme a esa chica \[1965\] |
| 1968 | *Cristina Guzmán* | Mónica |  |
| 1970 | *Growing Leg, Diminishing Skirt* | Doña Ramona |  |
| 1971 | *The Rebellious Novice* | Sister Estefanía |  |

## Bibliography

* Bentley, Bernard. *A Companion to Spanish Cinema*. Boydell & Brewer, 2008.

## InfoBox

| Isabel Garcés | |
| --- | --- |
| Garcés in 1931 | |
| Born | Isabel Garcés Cerezal
(1901-01-28)28 January 1901
Madrid, Spain |
| Died | 3 February 1981(1981-02-03) (aged 80)
Madrid, Spain |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1959-1975 (film) |


abstract: Mlinarjev Janez: Slovenski junak ali uplemenitba Teharčanov is a novel by Slovenian author Ferdo Kočevar. It was first published in 1859.

text:
# Mlinarjev Janez: Slovenski junak ali uplemenitba Teharčanov

***Mlinarjev Janez: Slovenski junak ali uplemenitba Teharčanov*** is a novel by Slovenian author Ferdo Kočevar. It was first published in 1859.

## InfoBox

Mlinarjev Janez: Slovenski junak ali uplemenitba Teharčanov
| Title page for *Mlinarjev Janez: Slovenski junak ali uplemenitba Teharčanov* (1859) | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Ferdo Kočevar |
| Language | Slovenian |
| Publication date | 1859 |
| Publication place | Slovenia |


title: Pyropteron koschwitzi

abstract: Pyropteron koschwitzi is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is found in Spain and Portugal. The larvae feed on Limonium species, including Limonium toledense and Limonium toletanum.

text:
# Pyropteron koschwitzi

***Pyropteron koschwitzi*** is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is found in Spain and Portugal.

The larvae feed on *Limonium* species, including *Limonium toledense* and *Limonium toletanum*.

## InfoBox

| *Pyropteron koschwitzi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Sesiidae |
| Genus: | *Pyropteron* |
| Subgenus: | *Synansphecia* |
| Species: | ***P. koschwitzi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pyropteron koschwitzi***<br>(Spatenka, 1992) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Synansphecia koschwitzi* Spatenka, 1992 | |


title: Pedro Anselmo Bazalar

abstract: Pedro Anselmo Bazalar is a Peruvian football club, playing in the city of Huacho, Peru.

text:
# Pedro Anselmo Bazalar

**Pedro Anselmo Bazalar** is a Peruvian football club, playing in the city of Huacho, Peru.

## History

In the 2011 Torneo Intermedio, the club was eliminated by Universidad César Vallejo in the round of 32.

## Coach

* Félix SIfuentes (2010)
* Daniel Ruiz (2011)
* Edson “Chino” Ojeda (2012-2013)
* Mauro Portales (2013)
* Carlos Rosario Cano (2014)
* Facundo Meneses (2023)

## Honours

### Regional

**Winners (1)**: 2011 *Runner-up (3):* 2009, 2010, 2012

## InfoBox

Pedro Anselmo Bazalar
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Club Social Deportivo Pedro Anselmo Bazalar Enriquez |
| Nickname(s) | La marea blanca |
| Founded | July 9, 2003 |
| Ground | Estadio Segundo Aranda Torres, <br>Huacho |
| Capacity | 8,000 |
| League | Copa Perú |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Pyropteron meriaeforme

abstract: Pyropteron meriaeforme is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is found in Spain, Portugal, southern France, Italy and on Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily. The wingspan is 14–15 mm. The larvae feed on Rumex acetosella.

text:
# Pyropteron meriaeforme

***Pyropteron meriaeforme*** is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is found in Spain, Portugal, southern France, Italy and on Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily.

The wingspan is 14–15 mm.

The larvae feed on *Rumex acetosella*.

## Subspecies

* *Pyropteron meriaeforme meriaeforme*
* *Pyropteron meriaeforme venetense* (de Joannis, 1908)

## InfoBox

| *Pyropteron meriaeforme* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Sesiidae |
| Genus: | *Pyropteron* |
| Subgenus: | *Synansphecia* |
| Species: | ***P. meriaeforme*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pyropteron meriaeforme***<br>(Boisduval, 1840) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Sesia meriaeforme* Boisduval, 1840 * *Pyropteron meriaeformis* * *Synansphecia meriaeformis* * *Sesia meriiformis* Rambur, \[1866\] * *Sesia corsica* Staudinger, 1856 * *Sesia venetense* de Joannis, 1908 | |


title: Melanoplus adelogyrus

abstract: Melanoplus adelogyrus, known generally as the St. Johns short-wing grasshopper or volusia grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Melanoplus adelogyrus

***Melanoplus adelogyrus***, known generally as the **St. Johns short-wing grasshopper** or **volusia grasshopper**, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.

## InfoBox

| *Melanoplus adelogyrus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Orthoptera |
| Suborder: | Caelifera |
| Family: | Acrididae |
| Tribe: | Melanoplini |
| Genus: | *Melanoplus* |
| Species: | ***M. adelogyrus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Melanoplus adelogyrus***<br>Hubbell, 1932 | |
|