title: Patent safe

abstract:
The patent safe game was a confidence trick much practiced during the late Civil War in and around New York City. It is a variation on the coin-matching game, in which the person to be scammed believes they are party to a trick only they and a second person know. It was carried on principally in the neighborhood of the Hudson River Depot, and the complaints of the victims, to the police, were loud and numerous. A contemporary account in The Secrets of the Great City describes the trick:
A stranger in the city would be accosted by a well-dressed individual, who would immediately begin a careless, friendly conversation. If the overtures of this individual are not repulsed in the first instance, he is soon joined by his accomplice, who professes to be a stranger to swindler number one. The accomplice has in his possession a small brass ball or sphere, which he says is the model of a patent safe, much used by merchants in China and India. He is trying to introduce it in this country, and would like to show the gentleman his model. This brass ball is, to all appearance, solid, but to the initiated it is soon made hollow, by pressing on a certain inner circle, when the centre of the ball, which is in the shape of a small cone, drops out. The bottom of the cone may be unscrewed, when a little chamber is revealed, in which is a long piece of white paper, carefully folded and secreted. The other end of the cone, the top of it, can be unscrewed, and a second chamber is revealed, in which is a second piece of paper, exactly like the first. Swindler number one takes the ball, examines it, and declares that it must be solid. The accomplice then presses the spring, and the centre drops out. He then unscrews one of the chambers, and reveals the paper to the admiring stranger and swindler number one. The accomplice's attention is here called away for a moment, and swindler number one, quietly winking at the stranger, abstracts the paper from the chamber, screws the lid on, and replaces the centre in the ball. Handing it back to the accomplice, he whispers to the stranger that he is about to win some money. He then bets the accomplice a sum which he thinks proportioned to the means of the stranger, that there is no paper in the ball. The bet is promptly taken by the accomplice. Swindler number one finds that he has no money, and asks the stranger to lend him the amount, offering to divide the winning with him. The stranger, who has seen the paper abstracted from the ball, is sure his new-found friend will win, and not being averse to making a little money on the spot, produces the desired amount, and hands it to his friend. The accomplice then opens the second chamber, reveals the duplicate piece of paper, and claims the stakes. The stranger loses his money, and is taught a useful lesson. He may apply to the police, if he wishes to do so, but the probabilities are that he will never see either his "friends", the safe, or his money, again.

text:
# Patent safe

The **patent safe** game was a confidence trick much practiced during the late Civil War in and around New York City. It is a variation on the coin-matching game, in which the person to be scammed believes they are party to a trick only they and a second person know.

It was carried on principally in the neighborhood of the Hudson River Depot, and the complaints of the victims, to the police, were loud and numerous.

A contemporary account in *The Secrets of the Great City* describes the trick:

> A stranger in the city would be accosted by a well-dressed individual, who would immediately begin a careless, friendly conversation. If the overtures of this individual are not repulsed in the first instance, he is soon joined by his accomplice, who professes to be a stranger to swindler number one.
>
> The accomplice has in his possession a small brass ball or sphere, which he says is the model of a patent safe, much used by merchants in China and India. He is trying to introduce it in this country, and would like to show the gentleman his model. This brass ball is, to all appearance, solid, but to the initiated it is soon made hollow, by pressing on a certain inner circle, when the centre of the ball, which is in the shape of a small cone, drops out. The bottom of the cone may be unscrewed, when a little chamber is revealed, in which is a long piece of white paper, carefully folded and secreted. The other end of the cone, the top of it, can be unscrewed, and a second chamber is revealed, in which is a second piece of paper, exactly like the first.
>
> Swindler number one takes the ball, examines it, and declares that it must be solid. The accomplice then presses the spring, and the centre drops out. He then unscrews one of the chambers, and reveals the paper to the admiring stranger and swindler number one. The accomplice's attention is here called away for a moment, and swindler number one, quietly winking at the stranger, abstracts the paper from the chamber, screws the lid on, and replaces the centre in the ball. Handing it back to the accomplice, he whispers to the stranger that he is about to win some money. He then bets the accomplice a sum which he thinks proportioned to the means of the stranger, that there is no paper in the ball. The bet is promptly taken by the accomplice. Swindler number one finds that he has no money, and asks the stranger to lend him the amount, offering to divide the winning with him. The stranger, who has seen the paper abstracted from the ball, is sure his new-found friend will win, and not being averse to making a little money on the spot, produces the desired amount, and hands it to his friend. The accomplice then opens the second chamber, reveals the duplicate piece of paper, and claims the stakes. The stranger loses his money, and is taught a useful lesson. He may apply to the police, if he wishes to do so, but the probabilities are that he will never see either his "friends", the safe, or his money, again.

1. McCabe, James (1868). *The Secrets of the Great City*. National publishing Company. pp. 535–536. ISBN 9780608411484.
2. "Showing 18 results for: 'patent-safe'". *The New York Times*.


title: Pat Critchley

abstract: Pat Critchley is a sportsman from County Laois, Ireland. He has played at senior level in hurling, football and handball. He is a member of Portlaoise GAA club, with whom he won eight Laois Senior county championships - four each in hurling and football. He guided IT Carlow to the Sigerson cup final 2020.

text:
# Pat Critchley

**Pat Critchley** is a sportsman from County Laois, Ireland. He has played at senior level in hurling, football and handball. He is a member of Portlaoise GAA club, with whom he won eight Laois Senior county championships - four each in hurling and football. He guided IT Carlow to the Sigerson cup final 2020.

## Playing career

Critchley has won one Leinster and one All-Ireland club football championship with Portlaoise. Critchley also won one Limerick county Football championship.

He was awarded Laois's sole hurling All Stars Award in 1985 and remains the only Laois player to receive this award.

## Coaching career

Critchley has coached Scoil Chriost Ri, Portlaoise basketball teams to eleven All-Ireland finals, winning five, and led the school to an All-Ireland football title.

Critchley occupies a full-time coaching and development role with the Laois GAA County Board and is the instigator of the successful Setanta Hurling program and the follow on Cuchulainn program.

## Personal life

Pat was a physical education and English teacher at Scoil Chriost Ri, Portlaoise. His autobiography is called *Hungry Hill*.

## InfoBox

Pat "Zoom" Critchley
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sport | Dual player | | |
| Born | Portlaoise, County Laois | | |
| Nickname | Zoom, GOAT | | |
| Club(s) | | | |
| Years | **Club** | | |
|  | Portlaoise | | |


title: Flakièdougou

abstract: Flakièdougou is a village in north-eastern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Laoudi-Ba, Bondoukou Department, Gontougo Region, Zanzan District. Flakièdougou was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

text:
# Flakièdougou

**Flakièdougou** (also spelled **Foulakédougou**) is a village in north-eastern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Laoudi-Ba, Bondoukou Department, Gontougo Region, Zanzan District.

Flakièdougou was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

## InfoBox

| Flakièdougou Foulakédougou | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| FlakièdougouLocation in Ivory Coast | |
| Coordinates: 8°29′N 3°8′W / 8.483°N 3.133°W / 8.483; -3.133 | |
| Country | Ivory Coast |
| District | Zanzan |
| Region | Gontougo |
| Department | Bondoukou |
| Sub-prefecture | Laoudi-Ba |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT) |


title: First Maeen Cabinet

abstract: First Maeen Cabinet was a government led by Yemeni prime minister Maeen Abdulmalek from 15 October 2018 to 18 December 2020. On 18 October 2018 Maeen Abdulmalek sworn in before President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi.

text:
# First Maeen Cabinet

**First Maeen Cabinet** was a government led by Yemeni prime minister Maeen Abdulmalek from 15 October 2018 to 18 December 2020. On 18 October 2018 Maeen Abdulmalek sworn in before President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi.

## List of ministers

| Office | Minister |
| --- | --- |
| Prime Minister | Maeen Abdulmalik Saeed |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | Khaled al-Yamani (23 May 2018 – 19 September 2019) Mohammed Al-Hadrami (19 September 2019 -) |
| Minister of Defense | Mohammed Ali al-Maqdashi ( since 7 November 2018) |
| Minister of Interior | Ahmed al-Maisari (since 25 December 2017) |
| Minister of Finance | Ahmed Obaid al-Fadhli (18 September 2016 – 19 September 2019) Salem Saleh bin Bureik (19 September 2019 – ) |
| Minister of Information | Muammar al-Eryani (since 18 September 2016) |
| Minister of Electricity and Energy | Abdullah al-Akwa (till 27 November 2018) Mohammed al-Enani ( since 27 November 2018) |
| Minister of Youth and Sport | Nayef al-Bakri |
| Minister of Civil Service and Insurance | Nabil al-Faqeh |
| Minister of State for Parliamentary Affairs and the Shura Council | Othman Mujali |
| Minister of State for National Dialogue | Yaser al-Rwaini |
| Minister of Health | Naser Ba'awm |
| Minister of Justice | Jamal Mohammed Omar( until 27 November 2018) Ali Haitham Abdullah ( since 27 November 2018) |
| Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research | Hussein Abulrahman Ba Salameh |
| Minister of Public Works and Highways | Maeen Abdulmalik Saeed |
| Minister of Social Affairs and Labour | Ibtyhaj al-Kamal |
| Minister of Tourism | Mohammed al-Qubati |
| Minister of Oil and Minerals | Aws al-Awd |
| Minister of Religious Endowments and Guidance | Ahmed Atia |
| Minister of Agriculture and Irrigation | Othman Mujali |
| Minister of Technical Education and Vocational | Abdulrazaq al-Ashwal |
| Minister of Culture | Marwan Damaj |
| Minister of Transport | Saleh al-Jabwani |
| Minister of Human Rights | Mohammed Askr |
| Minister of Legal Affairs | Nihal al-Awlaqi |
| Minister of Local Administration | Abdulraqeeb Fath |
| Minister of Fisheries Wealth | Fahed Kafayn |
| Minister of Planning and International Cooperation | Najib al-Awj |
| Minister of Telecommunications & Information Technology | Lutfi Bashuraif |
| Minister of Industry and Trade | Mohammed al-Maitami |
| Minister of Water and Environment | Azi Shuraim |
| Minister of Education | Abdullah Salem Lamlas |
| Minister of Sana’a Secretariat | Abdulghani Jamail |

## InfoBox

| First Maeen Cabinet | |
| --- | --- |
| <br>Cabinet of Yemen | |
| Date formed | 15 October 2018 |
| Date dissolved | 26 December 2020 |
| People and organisations | |
| Head of state | Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi |
| Head of government | Maeen Abdulmalik Saeed |
| History | |
| Predecessor | Bin Dagher Cabinet |
| Successor | Second Maeen Cabinet |


title: Patrick Talbot

abstract: Colonel Sir Wellington Patrick Manvers Chetwynd-Talbot was a British Army officer who served as Serjeant at Arms of the House of Lords.

text:
# Patrick Talbot

Colonel **Sir Wellington Patrick Manvers Chetwynd-Talbot** KCB (12 December 1817 – 23 September 1898) was a British Army officer who served as Serjeant at Arms of the House of Lords.

## Biography

Chetwynd-Talbot was the son of Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 2nd Earl Talbot and Frances Thomasine Lambart. He was educated at Eton College and Sandhurst, and was commissioned an ensign in the 35th (Royal Sussex) Regiment of Foot on 19 December 1836. He purchased a lieutenancy in the 7th Regiment of Foot on 15 September 1837. On 29 March 1842, he purchased a captaincy in the regiment. From 1844 to 1845, he was comptroller of the household to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Lord Heytesbury.

His father, then Lord Lieutenant of Staffordshire, commissioned him a major in the King's Own (1st Staffordshire) Militia on 4 April 1846. Chetwynd-Talbot was promoted to lieutenant-colonel on 4 March 1853. He was private secretary to his future father-in-law, Lord Derby, while the latter was prime minister in 1852. He commanded the regiment when it was embodied for garrison duty in the Ionian Islands during the Crimean War.

He served as Serjeant at Arms of the House of Lords between 1858 and his death in 1898. He was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in the 1897 New Year Honours. On 26 April 1873, he resigned his commission as lieutenant-colonel and was appointed honorary colonel of the militia regiment.

On 11 October 1860 he married Lady Emma Charlotte Stanley, daughter of Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby and Hon. Emma Bootle-Wilbraham. Together they had eight children.

## Ancestry


title: Pat Flaherty (baseball)

abstract: Patrick Henry Flaherty was a United States Major League Baseball third baseman who played with the Louisville Colonels in 1894. His minor league career stretched from 1887 though 1900, mostly in the Texas League and Western Association.

text:
# Pat Flaherty (baseball)

**Patrick Henry Flaherty**  (January 31, 1866 – January 28, 1946) was a United States Major League Baseball third baseman who played with the Louisville Colonels in 1894. His minor league career stretched from 1887 though 1900, mostly in the Texas League and Western Association.

## InfoBox

| Pat Flaherty | |
| --- | --- |
| **Third Baseman** | |
| **Born:** (1866-01-31)January 31, 1866
St. Louis, Missouri | |
| **Died:** January 28, 1946(1946-01-28) (aged 79)
Chicago, Illinois | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Unknown | |
| MLB debut | |
| July 11, 1894, for the Louisville Colonels | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| August 25, 1894, for the Louisville Colonels | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Batting average | .287 |
| Home runs | 0 |
| RBI | 15 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Five Blind Dates

abstract: Five Blind Dates is a 2024 Australian romantic comedy film, written by Nathan Ramos-Park and Shuang Hu, who also stars. With her artisanal tea shop in Sydney unsuccessful, Lia returns to her hometown of Townsville for her younger sister's wedding. At the engagement party, a fortune teller tells her she will meet the love of her life amongst her next five dates. The film was first released online on January 16, 2024

text:
# Five Blind Dates

***Five Blind Dates*** is a 2024 Australian romantic comedy film, written by Nathan Ramos-Park and Shuang Hu, who also stars.

With her artisanal tea shop in Sydney unsuccessful, Lia returns to her hometown of Townsville for her younger sister's wedding. At the engagement party, a fortune teller tells her she will meet the love of her life amongst her next five dates.

The film was first released online on January 16, 2024

## Plot

Lia uses her grandmother's inheritance money to open an artisanal tea shop in Sydney which, although not being successful she keeps secret from her family. Returning home to Townsville for her younger sister Alice's wedding to Nigel, she brings Mason, her close friend and workmate, for support.

At the engagement party, where their bitterly divorced parents constantly bicker, fortune teller Mrs. Li tells Lia she will meet her soulmate amongst her next five dates. Her palm reading indicates her personal and professional lives are intertwined. Lia's mother reintroduces Lia to Ezra, a younger teacher at her school. Lia is surprised to see childhood friend Richard, who had lost contact with her years ago. He mentions his family's restaurant is soon opening a location in Sydney, then Alice reveals they are best man and maid of honor.

Lia parties hard, waking in Richard's bed. She freaks out, fearing they had sex, but Richard insists nothing happened. He took her home not knowing where she is staying. Richard mentions he needs a date for the wedding, but Lia insists she doesn't. Then she enlists Mason's help to at least get her a wedding date. Brainstorming what she needs in a potential mate, she then alerts her family she will let them choose blind dates for her.

Lia's dad Xian finds Apollo through a dating app. Extremely wealthy, the polyamorous Chinese businessman has two partners he maintains elsewhere, so seeks someone he can take to see his parents, his business partners... Lia would have an allowance, and keep her tea shop, but she would have to produce at least three sons. Although she declines, he offers to be her wedding date.

Lia's mom Jing selects Indonesian Ezra at the botanical gardens. There, Lia has to stab him with his Epi-pen when he accidentally ingests an allergen. Then, as they are kissing, he says Jing, so she realizes the 30-going on-50 Ezra wants her mother.

Appearing at Lia's tea shop to assemble the 120 wedding favors, Richard comments on her lack of customers. Lia gets hostile, so he leaves. Alice introduces Curtis to her at Splash Day, where Richard has brought a date. The meditation guru, who is very tactile, helps Lia overcome her fear of water.

On the car ride home, Richard shows his dislike of Curtis. Soon Lia and he are arguing over why they have not spoken for years. When she moved to Sydney to open the tea shop, but he backed out at the last minute with no explanation. Upset, Lia insists on getting out of the car.

At the bridal shop, Lia's immediate family are all there, so Lia explains how each of the blind dates were unsuitable. When her mother says she is being close-minded, Lia blames Jing's insecurities for her own inability to date normally as Xian should have left them much earlier. Everyone is upset, so Alice disinvites her to the wedding.

Marching into her tea shop, as Lia pours out to Mason what happened, a teen rudely interrupts her. He live streams from the shop, incredulous that they do not do more modern drinks nor takeout. Lia has a dramatic rant, which rapidly goes viral. Mason lets her mope in her flat for three days before rescuing her. Once back at the tea shop, her recent 'fame', fills it with customers. Although they mark everything up and force minimum purchases, they sell out.

Lia goes to Alice's wedding, where everyone apologizes to one another, admitting she was right and that they envied her. At the reception, Nigel tells her that not only did Richard do the wedding favors on his own, but single-handedly kept his family and their restaurant together when his mother fell ill.

In Lia's maid of honor speech, she talks of soulmates, and sometimes not seeing what is right in front of you. Seeing Richard quietly leave, Lia hurries after him. She asks him why he did not tell her, and he explains he did not want to hold her back, and they kiss.

Back in Sydney, the tea shop is thriving, they have diversified their menu and Lia and Richard are happily together.

## Cast

## Production

Directed by Shawn Seet, *Five Blind Dates* is the first Amazon Prime Video Original movie to be produced in Australia. Co-writer Nathan Ramos-Park initially had the idea for a reality show called *Five Blind Dates* where five people from the contestant's life choose a person that they think be their soulmate. Co-writer Shuang Hu has described how the film incorporates themes such as "filial piety and some of the responsibilities we feel towards our families in this modern era of trying to make a career and chase our dreams, but also feeling the responsibility of getting married and having kids".

The cast is led by Shuang Hu and also features Desmond Chiam, Tiffany Wong, Renee Lim, Tzi Ma, Yoson An and Rob Collins.

## Release

The film was released on Amazon Prime Video on 13 February 2024.

## Reception

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, *Five Blind Dates* holds an approval rating of 50% based on 6 reviews, and an auspice score of 65%.

Angeline Barion in *BuzzFeed* described the film as "feel good and comforting". Jodi McAllister in *The Conversation* described it as "refreshing" and "joyful".

## Adaptation

In March 2024, it was reported that a British adaptation written by Nikita Lalwani had entered post-production, entitled *Picture This*.

## InfoBox

| Five Blind Dates | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Shawn Seet |
| Screenplay by | Nathan Ramos-Park
Shuang Hu |
| Produced by | * Kylie Du Fresne * Nathan Ramos-Park * Shaung Hu |
| Starring | * Shuang Hu |
| Cinematography | Martin McGrath |
| Edited by | Mark Warner
Wendy Greene Bricmont |
| Music by | Shirley Song
Jina Hyojin An |
| Production
companies |  |
| Distributed by | Amazon Prime Video |
| Country | Australia |
| Language | English |


title: Passage (dressage)

abstract: The passage is a movement seen in upper-level dressage, in which the horse performs a highly elevated and extremely powerful trot. The horse is very collected and moves with great impulsion. The passage differs from the working, medium, collected, and extended trot in that the horse raises a diagonal pair high off the ground and suspends the leg for a longer period than seen in the other trot types. The hindquarters are very engaged, and the knees and hocks are flexed more than the other trot types. The horse appears to trot in slow motion, making it look as if it is dancing. The passage is first introduced in the dressage intermediaire test II. A horse must be well-confirmed in its training to perform the passage, and must be proficient in collecting while remaining energetic, calm, and supple. The horse must also have built up the correct muscles to do the strenuous movement.

text:
# Passage (dressage)

The **passage** is a movement seen in upper-level dressage, in which the horse performs a highly elevated and extremely powerful trot. The horse is very collected and moves with great impulsion.

The passage differs from the working, medium, collected, and extended trot in that the horse raises a diagonal pair high off the ground and suspends the leg for a longer period than seen in the other trot types. The hindquarters are very engaged, and the knees and hocks are flexed more than the other trot types. The horse appears to trot in slow motion, making it look as if it is dancing. The passage is first introduced in the dressage intermediaire test II. A horse must be well-confirmed in its training to perform the passage, and must be proficient in collecting while remaining energetic, calm, and supple. The horse must also have built up the correct muscles to do the strenuous movement.


title: Paul A. Friedrichs

abstract: Paul A. Friedrichs is a retired United States Air Force major general who last served as the command surgeon of the Joint Staff. He previously served as command surgeon of Air Combat Command. Friedrichs retired from active duty in June 2023. He now serves as the senior director for global health security and biodefense on the National Security Council, and will be appointed as the inaugural head of a new government agency, the Office of Pandemic Preparedness and Response Policy effective August 7, 2023.

text:
# Paul A. Friedrichs

**Paul A. Friedrichs** is a retired United States Air Force major general who last served as the command surgeon of the Joint Staff. He previously served as command surgeon of Air Combat Command.

Friedrichs retired from active duty in June 2023. He now serves as the senior director for global health security and biodefense on the National Security Council, and will be appointed as the inaugural head of a new government agency, the Office of Pandemic Preparedness and Response Policy effective August 7, 2023.

## Assignments

1. June 1990 – June 1991, Surgical Intern, Wilford Hall Medical Center, Lackland AFB, Texas
2. July 1991 – June 1992, General Medical Officer, Wilford Hall Medical Center, Lackland AFB, Texas
3. June 1992 – June 1997, Urological Surgery Resident, Wilford Hall Medical Center, Lackland AFB, Texas
4. July 1997 – October 1997, Assistant Chief, Urology, 89th MDG, Andrews AFB, Md.
5. November 1997 – September 1999, Chief, Urology, 89th MDG, Andrews AFB, Md.
6. October 1999 – September 2000, Chief, Population Health Management, 89th MDG, Andrews AFB, Md.
7. October 2000 – July 2001, Analyst, Health Benefits and Policy Division, Office of the Surgeon General, Headquarters Air Force, Bolling AFB, Washington, D.C.
8. August 2001 – June 2002, Chief, Operations Branch, Office of the Surgeon General, Headquarters Air Force, Bolling AFB, Washington, D.C.
9. July 2002 – May 2003, Chief, Optimization and Integration Division, Air Force Medical Operations Agency (AFMOA), Bolling AFB, Washington, D.C.
10. May 2003 – May 2005, Commander, 56th Medical Operations Squadron, Luke AFB, Ariz. (September 2004 – January 2005, Commander, 332nd Expeditionary Aeromedical Operations Squadron, Balad Air Base, Iraq)
11. June 2005 – April 2006, Chief, Aeromedical and Clinical Services Branches, Headquarters Air Force Space Command, Peterson AFB, Colo.
12. May 2006 – July 2007, Chief, Medical Operations Division, Headquarters Air Force Space Command, Peterson AFB, Colo.
13. August 2007 – June 2008, Student, National War College, Fort McNair, Washington, D.C.
14. August 2008 – July 2010, Commander, 3rd Medical Group, 3rd Wing, Elmendorf AFB, Alaska
15. July 2010 – July 2011, Commander, 673d Medical Group, 673rd Air Base Wing, JB Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska
16. July 2011 – July 2014, Command Surgeon, HQ Pacific Air Forces, JB Pearl Harbor- Hickam, Hawaii
17. July 2014 – June 2016, Vice Commander, AFMOA, JB San Antonio, Lackland, Texas
18. January 2015 – June 2015, Chair, Joint Task Force on High Reliability Organizations, Office of the Assistance Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs, Washington, D.C.
19. June 2016 – July 2018, Command Surgeon, US Transportation Command, Scott AFB, Ill.
20. July 2018– July 2019, Air Combat Command (ACC), Command Surgeon, JB Langley-Eustis, Va.
21. July 2019–present, Joint Staff Surgeon, the Pentagon, Arlington, Va.

## Effective dates of promotion

| Insignia | Rank | Date |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Major general | May 12, 2021 |
|  | Brigadier general | June 2, 2018 |
|  | Colonel | May 29, 2007 |
|  | Lieutenant colonel | May 19, 2002 |
|  | Major | May 19, 1996 |
|  | Captain | May 19, 1990 |
|  | First lieutenant | *Never held* |
|  | Second lieutenant | May 17, 1986 |

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Government.

## InfoBox

| Paul A. Friedrichs | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service/branch | United States Air Force |
| Years of service | 1986–2023 |
| Rank | Major General |
| Commands | 673rd Medical Group
3rd Medical Group
56th Medical Operations Squadron |
| Battles/wars | Iraq War |
| Awards | Defense Superior Service Medal
Legion of Merit (4)
Bronze Star Medal |


title: First Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy ministry

abstract: The First Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy ministry of the state of Andhra Pradesh was formed on 14 May 2004 headed by Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy as the Chief Minister following the 2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election. 24 member ministry was formed on 22 May 2004. The council of ministry was initially formed with 25 members including the chief minister. Later expanded on 26 April 2007 with 17 members taking the total number of members in the council to 41.

text:
# First Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy ministry

The **First Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy ministry** (or also known as **22nd** **ministry of Andhra Pradesh**) of the state of Andhra Pradesh was formed on 14 May 2004 headed by Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy as the Chief Minister following the 2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election. 24 member ministry was formed on 22 May 2004.

The council of ministry was initially formed with 25 members including the chief minister. Later expanded on 26 April 2007 with 17 members taking the total number of members in the council to 41.

## Background

Prior to 2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly elections a pre-poll alliance was formed by the Indian National Congress, Telangana Rashtra Samithi, Communist Party of India and Communist Party of India (Marxist) to contest in the elections against the sole incumbent contender Telugu Desam Party. The pre-poll alliance succeeded in forming a new government in the state of Andhra Pradesh. Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy formed a council of ministers consisting of 24 members initially and later expanding it twice once to induct the alliance partner TRS into the cabinet and several other members. Pre-poll partner TRS joined the government with six ministers and quit the government later citing differences due to the Telangana issue with the Indian National Congress.

## Council of Ministers

| Portfolio | Minister | Constituency | Tenure | | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Took office | Left office | |
| **Chief Minister** | | | | | | |
| General Administration, Law & Order and *Other Portfolios not allocated to a Minister.* | **Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy** | Pulivendla | 14 May 2004 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| **Cabinet Ministers** | | | | | | |
| Higher Education | **Dharmapuri Srinivas** | Nizamabad | 14 May 2004 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Home affairs, Jails, Fire services, NCC, Sainik Welfare, Film Development Corporation and Cinematography | **M. Satyanarayana Rao** | Karimnagar | 14 May 2004 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Municipal Administration and Urban Development | **Koneru Ranga Rao** | Tiruvuru | 14 May 2004 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Forests, Environment, Science & Technology | **Satrucharla Vijaya Rama Raju** | Parvathipuram | 14 May 2004 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Housing, Weaker Section Housing Program, AP Cooperative Housing Societies Federation and Housing Board | **Botcha Satyanarayana** | Cheepurupalli | 14 May 2004 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Commercial Taxes | **Konathala Ramakrishna** | Anakapalle | 14 May 2004 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Finance, Planning, Small Savings, Lotteries and Legislative Affairs | **Konijeti Rosaiah** | Chirala | 14 May 2004 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Transport | **Kanna Lakshminarayana** | Pedakurapadu | 14 May 2004 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Revenue, Relief & Rehabilitation and Urban Land Ceiling | **Dharmana Prasada Rao** | Narasannapeta | 14 May 2004 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Panchayat Raj | **J. C. Diwakar Reddy** | Tadipatri | 14 May 2004 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Agriculture, Agriculture Technology Mission, Horticulture, Seiculture, Rainshadow Area Development | **Raghu Veera Reddy** | Madakasira | 14 May 2004 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Energy, Coal, Minorities Welfare, Wakf, Urdu Academy | **Mohammed Ali Shabbir** | Kamareddy | 14 May 2004 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Home, Jails, Fire Service, Sainik Welfare, Printing & Stationery | **Kunduru Jana Reddy** | Nagarjuna Sagar | 14 May 2004 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Major & Medium Irrigation | **Ponnala Lakshmaiah** | Jangaon | 14 May 2004 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Major Industries, Sugar,Commerce & Export Promotion | **J. Geeta Reddy** | Gajwel | 14 May 2004 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Small Scale Industries, Khadi & Village Industries Board | **Gollapalli Surya Rao** | Allavaram | 14 May 2004 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Rural Water Supply | **Pinnamaneni Venkateswara Rao** | Mudinepalli | 14 May 2004 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Excise and Prohibition | **Jakkampudi Rammohan Rao** | Kadiam | 14 May 2004 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Women Development & Child Welfare, Disabled Welfare and Juvenile Welfare | **Nedurumalli Rajya Lakshmi** | Venkatagiri | 14 May 2004 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Marketing and Warehousing | **M. Mareppa** | Alur | 14 May 2004 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Mines & Geology, Handlooms & Textiles, Spinning Mills | **Sabitha Indra Reddy** | Chevella | 14 May 2004 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Cooperation | **Mohammed Fareeduddin** | Zahirabad | 14 May 2004 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Labour & Employment, Factories & Boilers | **Gaddam Vinod Kumar** | Chennur | 14 May 2004 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Tribal Welfare,Remote and Interior Areas Development | **D. S. Redya Naik** | Dornakal (ST) | 14 May 2004 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
|  | **Nayani Narasimha Reddy** | Musheerabad | 23 June 2004 | 4 July 2005 RES |  | TRS |
|  | **T. Harish Rao** | Siddipet | 23 June 2004 | 4 July 2005 RES |  | TRS |
|  | **A. Chandra Shekar** | Vikarabad | 23 June 2004 | 4 July 2005 RES |  | TRS |
|  | **G. Vijayarama Rao** | Ghanpur (Station) | 23 June 2004 | 4 July 2005 RES |  | TRS |
|  | **Voditela Lakshmikantha Rao** | Huzurabad | 23 June 2004 | 4 July 2005 RES |  | TRS |
| Transport | **Sanigaram Santosh Reddy** | Armur | 23 June 2004 | 13 July 2005 RES |  | TRS |
| Medical Education & Health Insurance | **Galla Aruna Kumari** | Chandragiri | 26 April 2007 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Animal Husbandry, Dairy Development, Veterinary University, Fisheries | **Mandali Buddha Prasad** | Avanigadda | 26 April 2007 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Health & Family Welfare | **Sambani Chandrasekhar** | Palair | 26 April 2007 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Law & Courts, Technical Education and Industrial Training Institutes | **R. Changa Reddy** | Nagari | 26 April 2007 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Rural Development, NREGP, Self Help Groups | **G. Chinna Reddy** | Wanaparthy | 26 April 2007 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| School Education, Govt. Examinations, SCERT, Text Book Press, Residential Schools Society, Hyderabad Public School | **Damodar Raja Narasimha** | Andole (SC) | 26 April 2007 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Information Technology & Communications, Youth Services and Sports | **Komatireddy Venkat Reddy** | Nalgonda | 26 April 2007 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Sarva Siksha Abhiyan, DPEP, Adult Education, Open Schools, Public Libraries, Jawahar Bal Bhavan, Mahila Samata Society, State Institute of Education Technology | **M. Hanumantha Rao** | Mangalagiri | 26 April 2007 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| BC Welfare | **Mukesh Goud** | Maharajgunj | 26 April 2007 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Roads & Buildings | **T. Jeevan Reddy** | Jagtial | 26 April 2007 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Information& Public Relation, Cinematography, Tourism, Culture, Archaeology and Museums, Archives | **Anam Ramanarayana Reddy** | Rapur | 26 April 2007 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Endowments, Stamps & Registration | **J. Ratnakar Rao** | Buggaram | 26 April 2007 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Social Welfare | **Pilli Subhash Chandra Bose** | Ramachandrapuram | 26 April 2007 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Food,Civil Supplies, Legal Metrology,Consumer Affairs | **K. Venkata Krishna Reddy** | Narasaraopet | 26 April 2007 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Infrastructure & Investment, Ports, Airports, Natural Gas | **Mopidevi Venkataramana** | Kuchinapudi | 26 April 2007 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Vaidya Vidhana Parishad and Hospital Services | **Vanama Venkateshwara Rao** | Kothagudem | 26 April 2007 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |
| Minor Irrigation, APIDC, Lift Irrigation, AP Water Resource Dev Corporation, WALAMTARI, Ground Water Development | **Maganti Venkateswara Rao** | Denduluru | 26 April 2007 | 20 May 2009 |  | INC |

## InfoBox

| First Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy ministry | |
| --- | --- |
|
22nd Ministry of Andhra Pradesh | |
| Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy | |
| Date formed | 14 May 2004 |
| Date dissolved | 20 May 2009 |
| People and organisations | |
| Governor | Surjit Singh Barnala
Sushilkumar Shinde
Rameshwar Thakur
N. D. Tiwari |
| Chief Minister | Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy |
| Member parties | **United Progressive Alliance** |
| Status in legislature | Majority
226 / 294(77%) |
| Opposition party | Telugu Desam Party |
| Opposition leader | N. Chandrababu Naidu (Leader of the opposition) |
| History | |
| Election | 2004 |
| Outgoing election | 1999 |
| Legislature term | 5 years |
| Predecessor | Second N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry |
| Successor | Second Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy ministry |


title: Passiflora rubra

abstract: Passiflora rubra, the Dutchman's laudanum, is a species in the family Passifloraceae. It is native throughout the West Indies, and to Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia and eastern Brazil. Passiflora rubra is vegetatively almost indistinguishable from Passiflora capsularis, but the two species may be distinguished in flower and fruit. The ovaries of the flowers of Passiflora rubra has a dense coating of white, or less commonly brownish hairs, and the fruit, while variable in shape, is always obovoid, unlike that of Passiflora capsularis which is tapering at both ends.

text:
# Passiflora rubra

***Passiflora rubra***, the **Dutchman's laudanum**, is a species in the family Passifloraceae. It is native throughout the West Indies, and to Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia and eastern Brazil.

*Passiflora rubra* is vegetatively almost indistinguishable from *Passiflora capsularis*, but the two species may be distinguished in flower and fruit. The ovaries of the flowers of *Passiflora rubra* has a dense coating of white, or less commonly brownish hairs, and the fruit, while variable in shape, is always obovoid, unlike that of *Passiflora capsularis* which is tapering at both ends.

## InfoBox

| *Passiflora rubra* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Flower | |
|  | |
| Fruit | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Passifloraceae |
| Genus: | *Passiflora* |
| Species: | ***P. rubra*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Passiflora rubra***<br>L. | |
|


title: Passiflora reflexiflora

abstract: Passiflora reflexiflora is a species of plant in the family Passifloraceae. It is endemic to Ecuador.

text:
# Passiflora reflexiflora

***Passiflora reflexiflora*** is a species of plant in the family Passifloraceae. It is endemic to Ecuador.

## InfoBox

| *Passiflora reflexiflora* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Passifloraceae |
| Genus: | *Passiflora* |
| Species: | ***P. reflexiflora*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Passiflora reflexiflora***
Cav. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Tacsonia reflexiflora* (Cav.) Juss.
*Erndelia reflexiflora* Raf.
*Passiflora hastata* Ruiz & Pav. ex Mast.
*Tacsonia hastata* Ruiz & Pav. ex Mast.
*Tacsonia laevis* Benth.
 | |


title: Five Years (1969–1973)

abstract: Five Years (1969–1973) is a box set by English singer-songwriter David Bowie, released in September 2015. The period of Bowie's career from 1969 to 1973 is summarised over twelve discs and thirteen LPs. Exclusive to the box sets is Re:Call 1, a new compilation of non-album singles, single versions and B-sides. The collection is the first in a series of box sets covering Bowie's entire career. It includes the albums David Bowie, The Man Who Sold the World, Hunky Dory, The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars, Aladdin Sane and the last Spiders album with Bowie Pin Ups. The albums cover the five years of Bowie's rise to stardom, with the box set also including Live Santa Monica '72, the soundtrack album of the last Ziggy Stardust show at the Hammersmith Odeon, and a 2003 Ken Scott stereo remix of Ziggy Stardust. The box set comes with a companion book featuring rarely seen photos, recording essays from producers Tony Visconti and Ken Scott, original press reviews and a short foreword by Ray Davies of the Kinks.

text:
# Five Years (1969–1973)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Guardian* |  |
| *The Irish Times* |  |
| *Pitchfork* | 8.2/10 |
| *PopMatters* | 10/10 |

***Five Years (1969–1973)*** is a box set by English singer-songwriter David Bowie, released in September 2015. The period of Bowie's career from 1969 to 1973 is summarised over twelve discs and thirteen LPs. Exclusive to the box sets is *Re:Call 1*, a new compilation of non-album singles, single versions and B-sides. The collection is the first in a series of box sets covering Bowie's entire career.

It includes the albums *David Bowie* (more commonly known as *Space Oddity*), *The Man Who Sold the World*, *Hunky Dory*, *The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars*, *Aladdin Sane* and the last Spiders album with Bowie *Pin Ups*. The albums cover the five years of Bowie's rise to stardom, with the box set also including *Live Santa Monica '72*, the soundtrack album of the last Ziggy Stardust show at the Hammersmith Odeon, and a 2003 Ken Scott stereo remix of *Ziggy Stardust* (previously available on the 2003 SACD edition and 2012 vinyl-and-DVD-Audio edition of the album).

The box set comes with a companion book featuring rarely seen photos, recording essays from producers Tony Visconti and Ken Scott, original press reviews and a short foreword by Ray Davies of the Kinks.

## Track listing

All songs included are written by David Bowie, except where noted.

### *David Bowie* (a.k.a. *Space Oddity*, 2015 remaster)

Side one
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Space Oddity" | 5:16 |
| 2. | "Unwashed and Somewhat Slightly Dazed" (includes the hidden track "Don't Sit Down") | 6:52 |
| 3. | "Letter to Hermione" | 2:36 |
| 4. | "Cygnet Committee" | 9:39 |
| Total length: | | 24:23 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 5. | "Janine" | 3:25 |
| 6. | "An Occasional Dream" | 3:00 |
| 7. | "Wild Eyed Boy from Freecloud" | 4:53 |
| 8. | "God Knows I'm Good" | 3:22 |
| 9. | "Memory of a Free Festival" | 7:10 |
| Total length: | | 21:50 (46:13) |

### *The Man Who Sold the World* (2015 remaster)

Side one
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "The Width of a Circle" | 8:10 |
| 2. | "All the Madmen" | 5:43 |
| 3. | "Black Country Rock" | 3:36 |
| 4. | "After All" | 4:00 |
| Total length: | | 21:29 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 5. | "Running Gun Blues" | 3:15 |
| 6. | "Saviour Machine" | 4:30 |
| 7. | "She Shook Me Cold" | 4:17 |
| 8. | "The Man Who Sold the World" | 4:01 |
| 9. | "The Supermen" | 3:41 |
| Total length: | | 19:44 (41:13) |

### *Hunky Dory* (2015 remaster)

Side one
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Changes" | 3:37 |
| 2. | "Oh! You Pretty Things" | 3:12 |
| 3. | "Eight Line Poem" | 2:55 |
| 4. | "Life on Mars?" | 3:55 |
| 5. | "Kooks" | 2:53 |
| 6. | "Quicksand" | 5:06 |
| Total length: | | 21:38 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 7. | "Fill Your Heart" (Biff Rose, Paul Williams) | 3:10 |
| 8. | "Andy Warhol" | 3:54 |
| 9. | "Song for Bob Dylan" | 4:13 |
| 10. | "Queen Bitch" | 3:20 |
| 11. | "The Bewlay Brothers" | 5:29 |
| Total length: | | 20:06 (41:44) |

### *The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars* (2012 remaster)

Side one
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Five Years" | 4:43 |
| 2. | "Soul Love" | 3:34 |
| 3. | "Moonage Daydream" | 4:40 |
| 4. | "Starman" | 4:14 |
| 5. | "It Ain't Easy" (Ron Davies) | 2:57 |
| Total length: | | 20:08 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 6. | "Lady Stardust" | 3:21 |
| 7. | "Star" | 2:47 |
| 8. | "Hang On to Yourself" | 2:39 |
| 9. | "Ziggy Stardust" | 3:13 |
| 10. | "Suffragette City" | 3:28 |
| 11. | "Rock 'n' Roll Suicide" | 2:58 |
| Total length: | | 18:26 (38:34) |

### *Aladdin Sane* (2013 remaster)

Side one
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Watch That Man" | 4:30 |
| 2. | "Aladdin Sane (1913-1938-197?)" | 5:08 |
| 3. | "Drive-In Saturday" | 4:37 |
| 4. | "Panic in Detroit" | 4:28 |
| 5. | "Cracked Actor" | 3:01 |
| Total length: | | 21:44 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 6. | "Time" | 5:15 |
| 7. | "The Prettiest Star" | 3:31 |
| 8. | "Let's Spend the Night Together" (Mick Jagger, Keith Richards) | 3:10 |
| 9. | "The Jean Genie" | 4:08 |
| 10. | "Lady Grinning Soul" | 3:55 |
| Total length: | | 19:59 (41:43) |

### *Pin Ups* (2015 remaster)

Side one
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Rosalyn" (originally recorded by Pretty Things) | Jimmy Duncan, Bill Farley | 2:21 |
| 2. | "Here Comes the Night" (notably recorded by Them) | Bert Berns | 3:09 |
| 3. | "I Wish You Would" (notably recorded by the Yardbirds) | Billy Boy Arnold | 2:48 |
| 4. | "See Emily Play" (originally recorded by Pink Floyd) | Syd Barrett | 4:13 |
| 5. | "Everything's Alright" (originally recorded by The Mojos) | Nicky Crouch, John Konrad, Simon Stavely, Stuart James, Keith Karlson | 2:28 |
| 6. | "I Can't Explain" (originally recorded by the Who) | Pete Townshend | 2:15 |
| Total length: | | | 17:14 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 7. | "Friday on My Mind" (originally recorded by the Easybeats) | George Young, Harry Vanda | 2:56 |
| 8. | "Sorrow" (notably recorded by the Merseys) | Bob Feldman, Jerry Goldstein, Richard Gottehrer | 2:53 |
| 9. | "Don't Bring Me Down" (originally recorded by Pretty Things) | Johnnie Dee | 2:06 |
| 10. | "Shapes of Things" (originally recorded by the Yardbirds) | Paul Samwell-Smith, Jim McCarty, Keith Relf | 2:53 |
| 11. | "Anyway, Anyhow, Anywhere" (originally recorded by the Who) | Roger Daltrey, Townshend | 3:13 |
| 12. | "Where Have All the Good Times Gone" (originally recorded by the Kinks) | Ray Davies | 2:41 |
| Total length: | | | 16:42 (33:56) |

### *Live Santa Monica '72* (2008 remaster)

Side one
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Introduction" | 0:13 |
| 2. | "Hang On to Yourself" | 2:46 |
| 3. | "Ziggy Stardust" | 3:22 |
| 4. | "Changes" | 3:27 |
| 5. | "The Supermen" | 2:55 |
| 6. | "Life on Mars?" | 3:27 |
| Total length: | | 16:10 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 7. | "Five Years" | 4:32 |
| 8. | "Space Oddity" | 5:04 |
| 9. | "Andy Warhol" | 3:49 |
| 10. | "My Death" (Eric Blau, Mort Shuman, Jacques Brel) | 5:50 |
| Total length: | | 19:15 |

Side three
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "The Width of a Circle" | 10:43 |
| 2. | "Queen Bitch" | 3:00 |
| 3. | "Moonage Daydream" | 4:53 |
| 4. | "John, I'm Only Dancing" | 3:16 |
| Total length: | | 21:52 |

Side four
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 5. | "Waiting for the Man" (Lou Reed) | 5:44 |
| 6. | "The Jean Genie" | 4:00 |
| 7. | "Suffragette City" | 4:11 |
| 8. | "Rock 'n' Roll Suicide" | 3:01 |
| Total length: | | 16:56 (74:13) |

* In the CD version of the album, all the tracks are contained on one disc.

### *Ziggy Stardust: The Motion Picture Soundtrack* (2003 remaster)

Side one
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Introduction" (incorporating Beethoven's Ninth Symphony arranged and performed by Wendy Carlos) (Ludwig van Beethoven) | 1:06 |
| 2. | "Hang On to Yourself" | 2:56 |
| 3. | "Ziggy Stardust" | 3:19 |
| 4. | "Watch That Man" | 4:14 |
| 5. | "Wild Eyed Boy from Freecloud" | 3:15 |
| 6. | "All the Young Dudes" | 1:38 |
| 7. | "Oh! You Pretty Things" | 1:46 |
| Total length: | | 18:14 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 8. | "Moonage Daydream" | 6:25 |
| 9. | "Changes" | 3:36 |
| 10. | "Space Oddity" | 5:05 |
| 11. | "My Death" (Blau, Shuman, Brel) | 7:21 |
| Total length: | | 22:27 |

Side three
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Introduction" (incorporating the *William Tell* Overture) (Gioacchino Rossini) | 1:02 |
| 2. | "Cracked Actor" | 3:04 |
| 3. | "Time" | 5:31 |
| 4. | "The Width of a Circle" | 15:45 |
| Total length: | | 25:22 |

Side four
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 5. | "Let's Spend the Night Together" (Jagger, Richards) | 3:02 |
| 6. | "Suffragette City" | 4:32 |
| 7. | "White Light/White Heat" (Reed) | 4:01 |
| 8. | "Farewell Speech" | 0:39 |
| 9. | "Rock 'n' Roll Suicide" | 5:17 |
| Total length: | | 17:31 (83:34) |

### *The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars* (2003 Ken Scott mix)

Side one
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Five Years" | 4:43 |
| 2. | "Soul Love" | 3:33 |
| 3. | "Moonage Daydream" | 4:39 |
| 4. | "Starman" | 4:10 |
| 5. | "It Ain't Easy" (Davies) | 2:59 |
| Total length: | | 20:04 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 6. | "Lady Stardust" | 3:21 |
| 7. | "Star" | 2:46 |
| 8. | "Hang On to Yourself" | 2:38 |
| 9. | "Ziggy Stardust" | 3:13 |
| 10. | "Suffragette City" | 3:25 |
| 11. | "Rock 'n' Roll Suicide" | 2:58 |
| Total length: | | 18:21 (38:25) |

### *Re:Call 1* (remastered tracks)

Side one
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Space Oddity" (original UK mono single edit) | 4:42 |
| 2. | "Wild Eyed Boy from Freecloud" (original UK mono single version) | 4:52 |
| 3. | "Ragazzo solo, ragazza sola" (Bowie, Mogol; Italian version of "Space Oddity") | 5:06 |
| 4. | "The Prettiest Star" (original mono single version (with Marc Bolan on guitar)) | 3:13 |
| 5. | "Conversation Piece" (B-side to "The Prettiest Star") | 3:07 |
| Total length: | | 21:00 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 6. | "Memory of a Free Festival (Part 1)" | 4:03 |
| 7. | "Memory of a Free Festival (Part 2)" | 3:34 |
| 8. | "All the Madmen" (mono single edit; previously unreleased) | 3:15 |
| 9. | "Janine" (mono version) | 3:23 |
| 10. | "Holy Holy" (original mono single version; only ever issued on original '71 Mercury single) | 3:13 |
| 11. | "Moonage Daydream" (The Arnold Corns single version) | 3:53 |
| 12. | "Hang On to Yourself" (The Arnold Corns single version) | 2:52 |
| Total length: | | 24:13 |

Side three
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Changes" (mono single version) | 3:39 |
| 2. | "Andy Warhol" (mono single version) | 3:07 |
| 3. | "Starman" (original single mix) | 4:17 |
| 4. | "John, I'm Only Dancing" (original single version) | 2:47 |
| 5. | "The Jean Genie" (original single mix) | 4:08 |
| 6. | "Drive-In Saturday" (German single edit) | 4:03 |
| Total length: | | 22:01 |

Side four
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 7. | "Round and Round" (Chuck Berry) | 2:42 |
| 8. | "Time" (U.S. single edit) | 3:43 |
| 9. | "John, I'm Only Dancing" (sax version) | 2:45 |
| 10. | "Amsterdam" (Brel) | 3:27 |
| 11. | "Holy Holy" (Spiders version) | 2:18 |
| 12. | "Velvet Goldmine" (B-side to the 1975 single reissue of "Space Oddity") | 3:10 |
| Total length: | | 18:05 (85:19) |

## Charts

| Chart (2015–16) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders) | 46 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia) | 82 |
| Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) | 68 |
| French Albums (SNEP) | 156 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 63 |
| Hungarian Albums (MAHASZ) | 24 |
| Italian Albums (FIMI) | 100 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 45 |
| US Top Alternative Albums (*Billboard*) | 23 |
| US Top Rock Albums (*Billboard*) | 23 |

## InfoBox

| Five Years (1969–1973) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Box set by David Bowie | |
| Released | 25 September 2015 (2015-09-25) |
| Recorded | June 1969 – July 1973 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 524:58 (12 CDs / 13 LPs) |
| Label | Parlophone |
| Producer | Various |
| David Bowie chronology | |
| *Nothing Has Changed*
(2014) ***Five Years (1969–1973)***
(2015) *Blackstar*
(2016) | |
|  | |
| David Bowie box set chronology | |
| *David Bowie*
(2007) ***Five Years (1969–1973)***
(2015) *Who Can I Be Now? (1974–1976)*
(2016) | |
|  | |


title: Fitero

abstract: Fitero is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain. The Monastery of Fitero is situated here.

text:
# Fitero

**Fitero** is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain.

The Monastery of Fitero is situated here.

## Monuments

**Monasterio de Santa María**

The Monasterio de Santa María is a magnificent complex of buildings mainly in the Romanesque style, which formerly housed the Cistercian Monastery and its dependencies. The monastery is currently a conglomerate of buildings from different periods, built up around the stunning church and the superb chapter house from the Medieval era. The church, which is of cathedral-like proportions, was started in 1179 and completed in 1247.

The church is one of the largest and most important buildings constructed by the Cistercian order in Spain, with an ambulatory area and five apsidal chapels in it. It consists of three naves, with six sections and a cross section. The vaults and, in general, the entire structure, are of ogival character, with an austere but elegant style. The initiative to build this church is thought to have come from the distinguished Archbishop of Navarra, who was also the chronicler of the battle of the “Navas de Tolosa”, Don Rodrigo Ximénez de Rada. On the right side of the chancel is a magnificent 14th century tomb, which the Archbishop is said to have ordered to be carved for him. However, his remains were not to occupy it, since he was finally buried in the Monastery of St Mary of Huerta. Nearby there is a similar tomb, in which the mitred abbot Fray Marcos de Villalba lies. The main altarpiece was painted by Flemish artist Roland of Mois in 1590.

The cloister was built in the 16th century, with a complicated rib structure and some interesting capitals. It is thought to have been designed by Cantabrian master Juan de Nates together with Juan González de Sisniega. The Chapter House is striking, similar to that in the nearby Monastery of La Oliva, which is still in use as a Cistercian monastery.

Ancient works of art preserved in the Monastery include the reliquary of Saint Blaise, which consists of an enamel casket with a pyramidal cover from the 13th century. Next to it, there is also a 10th-century ivory chest, in the Caliphate style, a Renaissance-style shell-shaped incense burner and several Romanesque and Franco-Gothic polychrome wooden chests.

Since the dissolution of the monasteries in 1835, the church has served as the parish church for Fitero. Other parts of the buildings are used as Town Hall, cinema, café and as private homes. The church and its cloisters can be visited on most days, and excellent dramatised visits are also organised in the summer months.

**Balneario de Fitero**

The Balneario de Fitero is a well-known spa 4 km from Fitero. Since Roman times, people have come from far and wide to visit the hot springs of the River Alhama, where water comes out of the ground at 52º. The oldest hotel on the site is the "Virrey Palafox", which was founded in 1728. The second hotel is the "Gustavo Adolfo Becquer", named after the Romantic poet who often visited the spa, founded in 1846. The healing powers of the spring water are used to treat arthritis, rheumatism and anxiety, as well as circulatory and breathing problems.

## Geography

**Location**

The town of Fitero is located in the southwest of the Chartered Community of Navarra, within the geographical region knows as the Ribera de Navarra. It is located on the left bank of the Alhama river, and the town has an altitude of 421 meters above sea level. The municipal area covers 43.2 km2, and borders with Cintruenigo and Tudela, to the south, with Tarazona (Zaragoza), and to the west, with the municipalities of Cervera del Rio Alhama and Alfaro in the Community of La Rioja.

**Terrain and Hydrology**

The highest altitude recorded in the surroundings of Fitero is 740 meters. This corresponds to the Atalaya mountain, where the forest control and observation post is located. Another peak is that of the Navillas mountain at 650.5 meters, where a majestic cement cross stands that presides over the municipality of Cintruenigo. The river Alhama passes through these mountains before it joins the river Linares.

**Climate**

The climate of the area is of the continental Mediterranean type. This climate, which is typical of the valley of the Ebro, is characterized by strong variations in temperature and scant, irregular rainfall, as well as by long intense dry periods in summer. North winds (known as the "cierzo") is frequent and intense. The average annual temperature ranges between 13º and 14 °C, with annual rainfall being between 400 and 500 mm; only 55 to 60 days of the years are registered as rainy days.

## InfoBox

| Fitero | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| FiteroLocation of Fitero within NavarreFiteroFitero (Spain) | |
| Coordinates: 42°3′29″N 1°51′26″W / 42.05806°N 1.85722°W / 42.05806; -1.85722 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Navarre |
| Merindad | Tudela |
| Area | |
| Total | 43.2 km2 (16.7 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 421 m (1,381 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 2,017 |
| Density | 47/km2 (120/sq mi) |
| Website | www.fitero.es |


title: Patrick H. Scully

abstract: Patrick H. Scully was a Catholic priest and astronomer who served as a missionary in Cape Town and built the first Catholic parish church in South Africa.

text:
# Patrick H. Scully

**Patrick H. Scully** was a Catholic priest and astronomer who served as a missionary in Cape Town and built the first Catholic parish church in South Africa.

## Biography

After the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814, the Colonial Office gave permission for a Catholic priest to be stationed in Cape Town. Irish priest Patrick H. Scully arrived in Cape Town on 1 January 1820, in the company of the bishop Edward Bede Slater. On 13 February 1820, Scully opened a church in a repurposed store on Buitekant street, donated by a local Catholic, Philip Albertus. There he said Mass on Sundays and holy days at 11 AM. He initially ministered mainly to local Irish soldiers.

Rufane Shaw Donkin, the acting governor of Cape Town, approved a salary of £75 for Scully on 17 January 1821. In April 1821, Scully petitioned the burgher senate for land to build a proper church. The senate agreed, and Scully announced the planned construction in September. In November, the Cape Gazette announced that the plans for the church were available to view.

In 1821, the churchwardens of Cape Town wrote to Slater with a number of complaints about Scully. Scully, they said, only offered Mass on Sundays, gave infrequent and inaudible sermons, failed to follow up on home visits to parishioners, and was irregular in recording baptisms. They also claimed that Scully was breaking the law by baptizing slaves. In response, Slater told the churchwardens not to interfere in Scully's pastoral decisions.

Low donations from parishioners were a recurring problem. In 1821, the churchwardens attempted to raise funding for the parish by charging a fee for access to the sacraments. Scully continued to perform sacraments without their permission, and fired the sacristan when he attempted to interfere.

Lord Charles Somerset, the governor of Cape Town, returned from leave in December 1821 and stopped Scully's salary. Scully therefore looked for work elsewhere, and that same year, Fearon Fallows, head of the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope, wrote to John Barrow asking for approval to hire Scully as an assistant. Scully began work on 18 January 1822, and on 4 April 1822 the Board of Longitude sent their official approval for the decision to hire Scully at a salary of £100.

In a letter to Barrow, Fallows wrote of Scully:

> He is a person of gentlemanly manners, having received a good classical education & as much mathematical knowledge as is usually taught in Catholic Colleges ... he is of a tractable, mild and amiable disposition, never giving me a cross word, and withal desirous of improving himself in the knowledge of the various parts of Practical Astronomy.

Fallows also praised Scully in a letter to John Herschel, writing:

> Scully ... is a quiet, gentle, good natured man and does his best (which is saying a great deal) and can really now observe very well with the Transit Instrument. My friends in England will no doubt marvel in finding me speak well of a Catholic, and a priest too. Though I am as high church as any man and a sincere believer in the articles &c, our most excellent establishment, I cannot bring myself (with all the causistry I am master of) to think that a person may not be a good Catholic & astronomer at the same time. You need be under no alarm of conversion, for we have no opportunity of talking about the question being sufficiently employed in the day with reducing the observations & at night we are not likely to trouble ourselves about the matter.

Construction began on Scully's church on 28 October 1822. Due to continuing funding issues, Scully took out a number of loans in 1823 to fund the ongoing construction of the church. He never paid interest on these loans, and they were the subject of extensive litigation after his departure. In March 1824, he began to say Mass in the unfinished chapel.

In July 1824, Fallows found Scully in bed with Fallows's 17-year-old maid. Due to the "improprieties" committed and the "violence of \[Scully's\] manner" when discovered, Fallows promptly dismissed Scully, who was also defrocked over the incident. Scully left the colony for London on 11 July 1824, aboard the *Venus*. Upon his departure, he entrusted the church he had built to two curators. He was succeeded as chaplain by Theodore Wagner. Fallows asked the Admiralty to continue Scully's salary for six months after his dismissal, but the request was declined, and Scully was formally dismissed on 5 October 1824.


title: Patrick Seymour

abstract:
Patrick Seymour is a classically trained British songwriter and keyboard player. He has worked as a live and session musician with various artists, and was most notably part of Eurythmics' backing band in the 1980s. After completing a degree in classical music at Oxford University, he first arrived on the UK music scene as part of the British funk band UK Players, whose debut album No Way Out was released on A&M Records in 1982. Changing record labels to RCA in 1983 brought him into contact with the RCA duo Eurythmics, who he joined as keyboard player for their world tour in 1984. He continued to record and tour with Eurythmics until the end of the decade, and also co-wrote tracks for their albums Revenge (1986) and We Too Are One (1989) as well as collaborating with Eurythmics' Dave Stewart on the Lily Was Here soundtrack (1989). Seymour's other collaborations include:
  - The Pretenders - Get Close
  - Mick Jagger - Primitive Cool
  - Bob Dylan - Knocked Out Loaded
  - Culture Club - Colour By Numbers
  - Daryl Hall - Three Hearts in the Happy Ending Machine
  - Belinda Carlisle - Live Your Life Be Free
  - Bob Geldof - Deep in the Heart of Nowhere
  - Kiki Dee - Angel Eyes Seymour composed the song "Sleep Like a Child" that was recorded by Joss Stone for her 2004 album Mind Body & Soul. He was also co-writer of the 1989 Shakespears Sister hit "You're History". He has also composed music scores for film and television, including Anne Rice's Feast of All Saints, The Simian Line, Me and Isaac Newton, The Johnsons, and also arranged and conducted the music score by Badly Drawn Boy for the film About a Boy.

text:
# Patrick Seymour

**Patrick Seymour** (often credited as Pat Seymour) is a classically trained British songwriter and keyboard player. He has worked as a live and session musician with various artists, and was most notably part of Eurythmics' backing band in the 1980s.

After completing a degree in classical music at Oxford University, he first arrived on the UK music scene as part of the British funk band UK Players, whose debut album *No Way Out* was released on A&M Records in 1982. Changing record labels to RCA in 1983 brought him into contact with the RCA duo Eurythmics, who he joined as keyboard player for their world tour in 1984. He continued to record and tour with Eurythmics until the end of the decade, and also co-wrote tracks for their albums *Revenge* (1986) and *We Too Are One* (1989) as well as collaborating with Eurythmics' Dave Stewart on the *Lily Was Here* soundtrack (1989).

Seymour's other collaborations include:

Seymour composed the song "Sleep Like a Child" that was recorded by Joss Stone for her 2004 album *Mind Body & Soul*. He was also co-writer of the 1989 Shakespears Sister hit "You're History".

He has also composed music scores for film and television, including Anne Rice's *Feast of All Saints*, *The Simian Line*, *Me and Isaac Newton*, *The Johnsons*, and also arranged and conducted the music score by Badly Drawn Boy for the film *About a Boy*.


title: Patrick Shanahan (Medal of Honor)

abstract: Patrick Shanahan was a United States Navy sailor who received the Medal of Honor. He was presented the medal on 7 April 1901 while serving on the USS Essex.

text:
# Patrick Shanahan (Medal of Honor)

**Patrick Shanahan** (November 6, 1867  December 7, 1937) was a United States Navy sailor who received the Medal of Honor. He was presented the medal on 7 April 1901 while serving on the USS *Essex*. (Logbook 46 of USS *Essex*, NA, Washington DC)

## Biography

Shanahan was born in Ireland, emigrated to the United States and enlisted in the U.S. Navy 1892.

In 1899 he was a chief boatswain's mate on the USS *Alliance* when he rescued another sailor from drowning. For this action, he was awarded the Medal of Honor.

He was warranted to boatswain on March 11, 1902, and promoted to chief boatswain on March 11, 1908. During World War I, he received a temporary promotion to lieutenant on July 1, 1918.

He retired from the Navy in 1922 and died in 1937. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.

## Medal of Honor citation

Rank and organization: Chief Boatswain's Mate, U.S. Navy. Born: November 6, 1867, Ireland. Accredited to: New York. G.O. No.: 534, November 29, 1899.

**Citation:**

> On board the U.S.S. Alliance, 28 May 1899. Displaying heroism, Shanahan rescued William Steven, quartermaster, first class, from drowning.

## InfoBox

| Patrick Shanahan | |
| --- | --- |
| Grave at Arlington National Cemetery | |
| Born | (1867-11-06)November 6, 1867<br>Ireland |
| Died | (1937-12-07)December 7, 1937 |
| Place of burial | Arlington National Cemetery |
| Allegiance | United States of America |
| Service/branch | United States Navy |
| Years of service | 1892 - 1922 |
| Rank | Lieutenant |
| Unit | USS *Alliance* |
| Awards | Medal of Honor |


title: Flak jacket

abstract: A flak jacket or flak vest is a form of body armor. A flak jacket is designed to provide protection from case fragments ("frag") from high explosive weaponry, such as anti-aircraft artillery, grenade fragments, very small pellets used in shotguns such as the "Birdshot", and other lower-velocity projectiles. It is not designed to protect against bullets fired from most small arms such as rifles or handguns. However flak jackets are able to sustain certain gunshots, depending on the angle at which the shot was fired, the caliber of the bullet, the speed of the projectile and the range from which the shot was fired. The term "flak jacket" is often colloquially applied to newer body armor featuring protection against small arms projectiles, but the original usage predated the existence of modern and more resistant bulletproof vests and the two are not interchangeable in performance.

text:
# Flak jacket

A **flak jacket** or **flak vest** is a form of body armor. A flak jacket is designed to provide protection from case fragments ("frag") from high explosive weaponry, such as anti-aircraft artillery ("flak" is a German contraction for *Fliegerabwehrkanone*, "aircraft-defense gun"), grenade fragments, very small pellets used in shotguns such as the "Birdshot", and other lower-velocity projectiles. It is not designed to protect against bullets fired from most small arms such as rifles or handguns. However flak jackets are able to sustain certain gunshots, depending on the angle at which the shot was fired (an oblique angle for example), the caliber of the bullet, the speed of the projectile and the range from which the shot was fired.

The term "flak jacket" is often colloquially applied to newer body armor featuring protection against small arms projectiles, but the original usage predated the existence of modern and more resistant bulletproof vests and the two are not interchangeable in performance.

## History

Anecdotes describing garments designed to protect the wearer from penetrating weapons can be found far back into recorded history.

Two types of protective garment from the American Civil War in the 1860s had a basic design similar to the flak jacket or ballistic armor of modern times in that solid plates were used as the main ballistic protection. The "Soldiers' Bullet Proof Vest" was manufactured by the G. & D. Cook & Company of New Haven, Connecticut. It consisted of two pieces of steel inserted into the pockets of a regular black military vest. Versions for infantry weighed 3.5 lb (1.6 kg) while a version for cavalry and artillery weighed 7 lb (3.2 kg). They sold for $5–7. A more medieval-looking type of armor was made by the Atwater Armor Company, also of New Haven. It consisted of four large plates of steel held on the body by broad metal hooks over the shoulders and a belt around the waist. The Atwater vest was heavier than the Cook models and cost about twice as much.

During World War I, a number of British and American officers recognized that many casualties could be avoided if effective armor were available. Isolated efforts at developing armor were made, and soldiers could make individual purchases or efforts, but there was no armor issued to the troops. As it is today, issues of weight, cost, availability of materials and/or environmental stability complicated the issue of developing armor that would also be effective. For example, soft armor made of silk was tried on a small scale based on Japanese designs, but this material did not last well under harsh environmental conditions.

The first usage of the term "flak jacket" refers to the armor originally developed by the Wilkinson Sword company during World War II to help protect Royal Air Force (RAF) aircrew from the flying debris and shell fragments thrown by German anti-aircraft guns' high-explosive shells (flak itself is an abbreviation for the German word "Fliegerabwehrkanone" (*aircraft-defense gun*)). The idea for the flak jacket came from Col. Malcolm C. Grow, Surgeon of the US Eighth Air Force in Britain. He thought that many wounds he was treating could have been prevented by some kind of light armor. In 1943, he was awarded the Legion of Merit.

The Royal Air Force subsequently offered the jackets to the United States Army Air Forces, which adopted them as a Defense Standard. The UK subsequently supplied the USAAF with 9,600 flak jackets under lend-lease.

During World War II, flak jackets and steel helmets were worn by US Navy personnel on aircraft carriers during battle, since the ships and especially their flight decks offered little protection for their crew. The jackets were supposed to protect against shell fragments and heat.

## Ballistic protection

Col. Grow’s request to the Wilkinson Sword company was to develop a vest that could stop a .45 caliber (11.43 mm) round fired at close range. Although flak jackets offered protection against some small caliber pistol bullets and shell fragments, ultimately they proved to be less effective than hoped. Flak jackets are now considered to be inferior to modern ballistic vests.

It was claimed that the Marine's M-1951 flak jacket could stop a 90 gr (5.8 g) 7.62×25mm Tokarev pistol round at the muzzle of the gun. However, even the Vietnam era revised Flak jackets were not capable to stop high power or high velocity pistol rounds, much less an AK-47 rifle bullet (7.62×39mm). Nevertheless the Army's and Marine's Flak vests did a good job of stopping mortar shells, debris, grenade fragments, ricochets, and direct hits from mild-power pistol rounds.

Although they were not tested to be compliant with the NIJ standards, the Army's M1952a and M69 ballistic nylon Flak Jackets performed slightly better than NIJ level 1 body armor (a vest required 10 layers of Ballistic Nylon to meet the level 1 NIJ standard as seen in the Smith & Wesson's Barrier Vest), while the Marine's Doron plates inside their Flak vests were capable at stopping .45 ACP FMJ bullets at the muzzle of the gun.

It was not until 1970, that the U.S. National Institute of Justice, which now publishes test and performance standards for body armor, began a deliberate program to develop body armor for law enforcement personnel that would be effective against specific threats that were common causes of officer injury and death. At the time that included .38 Special and .22 Long Rifle bullets, in particular, and also bullets from 9mm, .45, and .32 caliber firearms.

## Materials

The first flak jackets consisted of manganese steel plates sewn into a waistcoat made of cotton canvas, with later revisions of the vest, the waistcoat was made of ballistic nylon (a material engineered by the DuPont company); therefore, flak jackets functioned as an evolved form of plate armor or brigandine. The first flak jacket weighed 22 lb (10.0 kg).

During the Korean and Vietnam wars, the flak jacket was changed and the manganese steel plates were replaced by other materials. The U.S. Army's vests (Body Armor, Fragmentation Protective, Vest M1952a & M69) weighed under eight pounds and were made of 12 layers of ballistic nylon sealed in a vinyl plastic bag to repel water and later revisions added polyethylene stiffeners to alleviate bunching of the ballistic nylon. The exterior of the vest was made of standard nylon fabric.

The vests used by the U.S. Marines (Vest, Armored M-1955) weighed more than ten pounds, the exterior of the vest was made of a heavy duty Cotton Poplin, with the third revision of the vest the material was changed to nylon fabric, and the interior were a combination of ballistic nylon layers and fiberglass plates known as Doron. Doron was made of fiberglass layers placed in an ethyl cellulose resin under high pressure. It was named after then-Colonel Georges F. Doriot, then director of the Military Planning Division, Office of the Quartermaster General.

The generation of armor developed in the 1970s through the National Institute of Justice incorporated layers of soft armor in the form of DuPont’s Kevlar fabric, which has since become synonymous with ballistic protection and a general term used for several similar (aramid-based) materials.

* Buff coat, an early modern era protective jacket; if several layers of leather were used, it was capable of protecting from spent bullets and other low-velocity rounds fired from a distance
* Hauberk, an earlier form of body armor, was used to defend against swords, knives, etc.
* Chain mail, an ancient form of personal armour consisting of linked metal rings which has also been used to protect against shrapnel and low-velocity ammunition, like the Spanish mail used by Comanche chief Iron Jacket to protect his body from revolver rounds.


title: Flaka Goranci

abstract: Flaka Goranci is a Kosovo-Austrian Mezzo-soprano.

text:
# Flaka Goranci

**Flaka Goranci** (born in Gjakova-Kosovo) is a Kosovo-Austrian Mezzo-soprano.

## Early life

Flaka Goranci was born in Gjakove, Kosovo to Flamur Goranci an Electrical engineer and a mother Doctor of Endocrinology and Internist Ilirjana Hana Goranci. At an early age she started studying Piano at her home town in Gjakova and as 9 years old she won the kids singing contest *Zeri me i bukur femijeror*.

## Education and career

She studied opera singing at the University of Arts (Tirana) in Albania and after she continued her master studies at the Buchmann-Mehta School of Music at Tel Aviv University in Israel. Goranci began her international career after moving to Vienna. She worked with Nicolaus Harnoncourt, Gustav Kuhn, Ulrich Windfuhr, Pawel Poplawski, Enrico Delamboye, Manfred Mayrhofer, among others. With opera directors like Uwe Eric Laufenberg, Stephen Lawless, Carlos Wagner, Niv Hoffman, Andrea Zogg, Ulrich Schulz, Dani Ehrlich and Michal Grover Friedlander. She performed with Hamburg Symphony Orchestra, Concentus Musicus Wien, Dubrovnik Symphony Orchestra, Kosovo Philharmonic, Macedonian philharmonic Orchestra, Albanian Symphonic Orchestra and more. She has performed at Vienna Konzerthaus, Vienna Musikverein, Theater an der Wien, Philharmonie Berlin, Konzerthaus Berlin, Magdeburg Theatre, National Moravian-Silesian Theatre, Vatroslav Lisinski Concert Hall, among others.

## Repertoire

Her repertoire includes roles of Carmen Carmen, Charlotte Werther, Maria Maria de Buenos Aires a tango opera by Astor Piazzolla Jenny Die Dreigroschenoper, Dido Dido and Aeneas, Cherubino Le Nozze Di Figaro, Dorabella Così fan tutte, Rosina Il Barbiere di Siviglia, Olga Eugene Onegin (opera), Venus Tannhäuser, Amneris Aida, Ulrica Un ballo in maschera, Third wood sprite Rusalka (opera), among others. Her Lied repertoire includes also works by Gustav Mahler, Alma Mahler, Robert Schumann, Clara Schumann, Maurice Ravel, Richard Strauss, Luciano Berio, Kurt Weill and more.

## Discography

Despite her operatic and concert career she has been engaged as a singer but also as a Producer and Composer in both her CD projects. In 2015 her first CD *Albanian Flowers* with rearranged old songs from Albania and Kosovo was released by Gramola in Vienna. Her second CD *La Femme* A Journey of Female Composers was produced in 2022 by Naxos. This cultural/diplomatic album which brings the stories and music of Women Composers from Middle East to Balkans, South America, South Africa and European countries as well, reached an international attention and was nominated in three categories by Opus Klassik in Berlin in 2023 - *The best singer of the year*, *Klassik ohne Grenzen* and *The Best Video* with *The Window*


title: Flipou

abstract: Flipou is a commune in the Eure department in the Normandy region in northern France.

text:
# Flipou

**Flipou** (French pronunciation: \[flipu\]) is a commune in the Eure department in the Normandy region in northern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 217 |  |
| 1975 | 223 | +0.39% |
| 1982 | 275 | +3.04% |
| 1990 | 310 | +1.51% |
| 1999 | 310 | +0.00% |
| 2009 | 348 | +1.16% |
| 2014 | 341 | −0.41% |
| 2020 | 323 | −0.90% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Flipou | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The church in Flipou | |
| Location of Flipou | |
| FlipouFlipou | |
| Coordinates: 49°18′55″N 1°16′48″E / 49.3153°N 1.28°E / 49.3153; 1.28 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Normandy |
| Department | Eure |
| Arrondissement | Les Andelys |
| Canton | Romilly-sur-Andelle |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20232026) | Christophe Cousin |
| Area**1** | 6.97 km2 (2.69 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 322 |
| Density | 46/km2 (120/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 27247 /27380 |
| Elevation | 25–157 m (82–515 ft)
(avg. 90 m or 300 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Flint & Kent

abstract: Flint & Kent was an upscale department store based in Buffalo, New York.

text:
# Flint & Kent

**Flint & Kent** was an upscale department store based in Buffalo, New York.

## History

It had its roots in a dry good store that opened in 1832 by Benjamin Fitch (1802–1883) at 288 Main Street, Buffalo. In 1836, the store was called Fitch, Marvin & Co., then Fitch & Marvin — the second name reflecting Fitch's partner, Eurotas Marvin (1810–1887)

On February 17, 1865, the owners — (i) Ethan Howe Howard (1812–1898), (ii) Joshua Mortimer Whitcomb (1821–1897), and (iii) William Bradford Flint (1826–1887), operating as co-partnership under the name Howard, Whitcomb & Co. — dissolved their partnership and sold their interest to a newly formed co-partnership of (a) William Bradford Flint, (b) Henry Mellen Kent (1823–1894), and (c) R.P. Stone, operating as a co-partnership under the name Flint, Kent & Stone. On October 25, 1866, Stone sold his interest to Henry Cogswell Howard (Ethan Howard's son; 1847–1913) and the firm henceforth was known as Flint, Kent & Howard. The eventually became known as Flint & Kent.

In 1856 William Bradford Flint (1826–1887) joined the company, followed by Henry Mellen Kent *(né* Henry Mellen Kent; 1823–1894) in 1865, the store became known as Flint, Kent & Stone – and eventually just Flint & Kent. In 1897, Flint & Kent moved its flagship store from 554 Main Street to a building that was designed by Edward Austin Kent, Henry Kent's son and noted Buffalo architect who died in 1912 as a passenger aboard the *RMS Titanic*.

### Sale

In 1954, the company was sold to "Jack" Hahn *(né* Charles John Hahn, Jr.; 1927–2014), whose father owned Sattler's. The company was sold in 1956, to The Sample. Jack Hahn, a Buffalo native and 1949 alumnus of Princeton University, sold the company in 1956 to The Sample and went on to Harvard Law School, graduating in 1960.

Notes Sources * Rizzo, Michael F. (2007) *Nine Nine Eight: The Glory Days of Buffalo Shopping* Lulu Enterprises, Inc.; Morrisville, North Carolina. ISBN 978-1-4303-1386-1.
* Elvins, Sarah (2004). *Sales & Celebrations: Retailing and Regional Identity in Western New York State, 1920-1940.* ISBN 0-8214-1549-2.

## InfoBox

Flint & Kent
| Industry | Retail |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1832 |
| Defunct | 1956 |
| Fate | Sold to The Sample |
| Headquarters | Buffalo, New York |
| Products | Clothing |


title: Paul Dukes

abstract: Sir Paul Henry Dukes was a British MI6 officer and author.

text:
# Paul Dukes

**Sir Paul Henry Dukes** KBE (10 February 1889  27 August 1967) was a British MI6 officer and author.

## Early life and family

Paul Henry Dukes was born the third of five children on 10 February 1889 in Bridgwater, Somerset, England. He was the son of the Congregationalist clergyman, Rev. Edwin Joshua Dukes (1847-1930), of Kingsland, London, and his wife, the former Edith Mary Pope (1863-1898), of Sandford, Devon. Edith was an academically gifted woman, the daughter of a schoolteacher, who obtained her Bachelor of Arts degree by correspondence course at the age of 20. In 1884, she married Edwin, who had returned from missionary work in China. She died from a disease of the thyroid gland, and in 1907, Edwin remarried to a 40-year-old widow named Harriet Rouse.

Paul's siblings included the playwright Ashley Dukes (1885-1959) and the renowned physician Cuthbert Dukes (1890-1977). He had an elder sister, Irene Catherine Dukes (1887-1950), who led a life plagued by illness, and yet another, younger brother, Marcus Braden Dukes (1893-1936), who died in Kuala Lumpur while working as a government official. His sister-in-law was the renowned ballet dancer Marie Rambert. Paul Dukes was also the great-uncle of poet Aidan Andrew Dun, who is the grandson of his brother Ashley.

Paul was educated at Caterham School before going on to pursue a career in music at the Petrograd Conservatoire in Russia.

## Career

As a young man he took a position as a language teacher in Riga, Latvia. He later moved to St. Petersburg, having been recruited personally by Mansfield Smith-Cumming, the first "C" of MI6 (SIS), to act as a secret agent in Imperial Russia, relying on his fluency in the Russian language. At the time, he was employed at the Petrograd Conservatoire as a concert pianist and deputy conductor to Albert Coates. In his new capacity as sole British agent in Russia, he set up elaborate plans to help prominent White Russians escape from the Gulag and smuggled hundreds of them into Finland.

Known as the "Man of a Hundred Faces," Dukes continued his use of disguises, which aided him in assuming a number of identities and gained him access to numerous Bolshevik organizations. He successfully infiltrated the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the Comintern, and even the political police, or CHEKA. Dukes also learned of the inner workings of the Politburo, and passed the information to British intelligence.

He returned to Britain a distinguished hero, and in 1920 was knighted by King George V, who called Dukes the "greatest of all soldiers." To this day, Dukes is the only person knighted based entirely on his exploits in espionage.

He briefly returned to active service in 1939, helping to locate a prominent Czech businessman who had disappeared after the Nazi occupation of Czechoslovakia. He referred to the businessman as Alfred Obry in his later book about the search, entitled *An Epic of the Gestapo*. According to *A History of the British Secret Service* (1969), "Paul Dukes was always a meticulous agent in paying attention to detail. He combed all the Czech papers and in one found this paragraph: 'A thirteen-year-old boy found on the railway line to Tuschkau the completely unrecognizable corpse of a man. The body was mutilated beyond recognition and the right hand was missing. The police pronounced a verdict of suicide. From papers found on the body it appeared the person was Friedrich Sweiger, a tailor of Prague.' Dukes immediately suspected Sweiger was in fact Obry, especially since this was the route Obry was to have taken on his escape. He built up a strong case against the Gestapo of murdering Obry and not only demanded exhumation of the body but succeeded in persuading the Germans to do this. The corpse was undoubtedly that of Obry."

Dukes was also a leading figure in introducing yoga to the Western World.

### Writing

His book *Red Dusk and the Morrow* chronicles the rise and fall of Bolshevism and he toured the world extensively giving lectures pertaining to this subject. Dukes' other books are listed below.

## Personal life

In 1922, Dukes was first married to Margaret Stuyvesant Rutherfurd (1891–1976), former wife of Ogden Livingston Mills, the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. Margaret was the daughter of Anne Harriman, the second wife of William Kissam Vanderbilt, and her second husband, Lewis Morris Rutherfurd, Jr., son of the astronomer Lewis Morris Rutherfurd. They divorced in 1929, and Dukes later married Diana Fitzgerald in 1959.

He died on 27 August 1967 in Cape Town, South Africa, aged 78.

## Works

Notes Sources * *Operation Kronstadt* by Harry Ferguson, Hutchinson, 2008
* *Russian Roulette: How British Spies Thwarted Lenin's Global Plot* by Giles Milton, Sceptre, 2013. ISBN 978 1 444 73702 8

## Further reading

* Andrew, Christopher (1986). *Her Majesty's Secret Service. The Making of the British Intelligence Community*. New York: Viking.
* Smith, Michael (2010). *Six: A History of Britain's Secret Intelligence Service. Murder and Mayhem 1909–1939*, London: Dialogue, ISBN 978-1-906447-00-7

## InfoBox

| Sir Paul Dukes | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Paul Henry Dukes
10 February 1889
Bridgwater, Somerset, England |
| Died | 27 August 1967 (aged 78)
Cape Town, South Africa |
| Other names | The Man with a Hundred Faces |
| Education |  |
| Spouses | * Margaret Stuyvesant Rutherfurd  (m. 1922; div. 1929) * Diana Fitzgerald (m. 1959) |
| **Espionage activity** | |
| Allegiance | **United Kingdom**
White Movement |
| Service branch | Secret Intelligence Service. |
| Codename | ST-25 |
| Operations | Operation Kronstadt |
|  | |


title: Paul Duke (American football)

abstract: Paul Anderson Duke was an American professional football center in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC). He played for the New York Yankees (1947). Born in DeKalb County, Georgia, he played collegiately for the Georgia Tech football team and was selected to the All-Southeastern Conference and All-American teams. While at Georgia Tech he was a member of the Chi Phi Fraternity. He was inducted into the Georgia Tech Hall of Fame in 1963.

text:
# Paul Duke (American football)

**Paul Anderson Duke** (September 24, 1924  March 24, 2009) was an American professional football center in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC). He played for the New York Yankees (1947).

Born in DeKalb County, Georgia, he played collegiately for the Georgia Tech football team and was selected to the All-Southeastern Conference and All-American teams. While at Georgia Tech he was a member of the Chi Phi Fraternity. He was inducted into the Georgia Tech Hall of Fame in 1963.

## InfoBox

Paul Duke
| Date of birth | (1924-09-24)September 24, 1924 |
| --- | --- |
| Place of birth | DeKalb County, Georgia, U.S. |
| Date of death | March 24, 2009(2009-03-24) (aged 84) |
| Place of death | Austell, Georgia, U.S. |
| Career information | |
| Position(s) | Center |
| Height | 6 ft 1 in (185 cm) |
| Weight | 210 lb (95 kg) |
| US college | Georgia Tech |
| NFL draft | 1946 / round: 4 / Pick 30<br>(By the New York Giants) |
| Career history | |
| As player | |
| 1947 | New York Yankees |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
| Career stats | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Flogging a Dead Horse

abstract: Flogging a Dead Horse is a compilation album of singles by Sex Pistols, released after their break-up, and includes the four songs issued as singles A-sides that were included on Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols, three of their B-sides, and the six A-sides taken from The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle and one B-side, "My Way".

text:
# Flogging a Dead Horse

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***Flogging a Dead Horse*** is a compilation album of singles by Sex Pistols, released after their break-up, and includes the four songs issued as singles A-sides that were included on *Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols*, three of their B-sides, and the six A-sides taken from *The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle* and one B-side, "My Way".

## Background

By the time the record was released, the group was finished as a musical unit: the "Sex Pistols" consisted only of manager Malcolm McLaren, and designer Jamie Reid. Their relationship with Virgin records was difficult, and Reid's tacky sleeve design was intended to warn people against another cash-in; it was largely interpreted as a hip joke, and seems to have hurt sales very little.

Reid's first sleeve design consisted of the title hastily scrawled across his designs for the *Never Mind the Bollocks* (front cover) and *The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle* albums (back cover). It was printed, and copies exist, but was rejected by Virgin and never made it to record stores. For its replacement, Reid used a photo of a model from the cheapest agency he could find, along with dull letraset lettering, making the record look like a cheap easy listening album. The back cover featured a fake plastic dog turd on top of a gold disc of the *Never Mind the Bollocks* LP, a reference to a scene in the film *The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle* in which Steve Jones defecates on the gold disc awarded to Johnny Rotten for *Never Mind The Bollocks* and the woman with ants on her face eats it. The album was released without the band's involvement or permission.

## Title meaning

The title has several ironic meanings: the idiomatic one of the saying "Flogging a dead horse" reflecting the fact that the Pistols' endeavours were now finished, futile and pointless; and the British slang use of 'flogging' to mean 'selling' - i.e. the Pistols' management, in true punk style, were overtly referencing that they were trying to get as much money for as little effort as possible from the album's sales.

## Track listing

Side one 1. "Anarchy in the U.K." (Johnny Rotten, Steve Jones, Glen Matlock, Paul Cook) – 3:33
2. "I Wanna Be Me" (Rotten, Jones, Matlock, Cook) – 3:06
3. "God Save the Queen" (Rotten, Jones, Matlock, Cook) – 3:21
4. "Did You No Wrong" (Rotten, Jones, Matlock, Cook, Wally Nightingale) – 3:14
5. "Pretty Vacant" (Rotten, Jones, Matlock, Cook) – 3:18
6. "No Fun" (Iggy Pop, Ron Asheton, Scott Asheton, David Alexander) – 6:26
7. "Holidays in the Sun" (Rotten, Jones, Sid Vicious, Cook) – 3:21

Side two 1. "No One Is Innocent" (Jones, Cook, Ronnie Biggs) – 3:03
2. "My Way" (Paul Anka, Claude François, Jacques Revaux) – 4:05
3. "Something Else" (Eddie Cochran, Sharon Sheeley) – 2:12
4. "Silly Thing" (Jones, Cook) – 2:53
5. "C'mon Everybody" (Cochran, Jerry Capehart) – 1:57
6. "(I'm Not Your) Steppin' Stone" (Tommy Boyce, Bobby Hart) – 3:09
7. "Great Rock 'N' Roll Swindle" (Jones, Cook, Julien Temple) – 4:24

"No One Is Innocent" features train robber Ronnie Biggs and is listed as "The Biggest Blow" on the cover. "My Way", "Something Else" and "C'Mon Everybody" are sung by Sid Vicious and represent his complete studio recordings with the Sex Pistols. "Silly Thing" is sung by drummer Paul Cook, although the version that was released as a single in the UK was sung by Steve Jones. "Great Rock 'N' Roll Swindle" is sung by several hopefuls auditioning to be the Sex Pistols' new lead singer - the winner was Edward Tudor-Pole. The album sleeve features no individual credits.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 60,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| Flogging a Dead Horse | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Greatest hits album by Sex Pistols | |
| Released | 8 February 1980 |
| Recorded | 1976–1978 |
| Genre | Punk rock |
| Length | 48:02 |
| Label | Virgin Records |
| Sex Pistols chronology | |
| *Some Product: Carri on Sex Pistols*
(1979) ***Flogging a Dead Horse***
(1980) | |