title: Yasser Ayyash

abstract: Yasser Ayyash is a former archbishop of the Melkite Greek Catholic Archeparchy of Petra and Philadelphia in Amman and the current Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarchal Archeparchy of Jerusalem.

text:
# Yasser Ayyash

**Yasser Ayyash** (born December 4, 1955, in Shatana in Irbid, Jordan) is a former archbishop of the Melkite Greek Catholic Archeparchy of Petra and Philadelphia in Amman and the current Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarchal Archeparchy of Jerusalem.

## Priest

The young Yasser Ayyash attended the school of Greek Catholics in his Shatana hometown. Later he continued his education in Beit Sahour and Bethlehem, where he obtained his baccalaureate degree. Ayyash studied theology and biblical studies in Lebanon, he finished studying in Rome with the completion of a bachelor's degree in philosophy and theology at the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas in Rome. In 1983 he was ordained a deacon in Rome, and to the priesthood on July 12, 1987 in Amman. It was followed by an extended use in parishes and schools in the capital Amman and Jerash.

## Archeparch

The Melkite Synod in 2007 elected on 21 June 2007 Yasser Ayyash as Archbishop of Petra and Philadelphia, becoming himself the first native Jordanian in this archeparchy and successor of the Lebanese Georges El-Murr. The episcopal ordination was on October 13, 2007, and was performed by Melkite Patriarch of Antioch Gregory III Laham, BS, and the co-consecrators were Archbishop Georges El-Murr, BC of Petra and Philadelphia and Bishop Joseph Absi, SMSP, auxiliary bishop in the Patriarchate of Antioch. In October 2010, Ayyash participated in the Special Assembly of the Synod of Bishops in Rome as delegated Bishop of the Melkites of Jordan. About the situation of the Church in the Middle East, he emphasized the relatively good position of the Eastern Churches in Jordan and explained that in Jordan churches, schools and other facilities could be built. Ayyash regretted the emigration of many Christians and called for a deepening of interreligious dialogue in the Middle East.

Ayyash renounced to his office as Melkite Archeparchy of Petra and Philadelphia on April 14, 2015.

On February 9, 2018, Ayyash was elected Patriarchal Vicar of Jerusalem by the Melkite Synod. He succeeded Archbishop Joseph Jules Zerey.

## InfoBox

| Yasser (Joseph) Ayyash | |
| --- | --- |
| Vicar Apostolic of Jerusalem | |
|  | |
| Native name | Yaser Rasmi Hanna Al-Ayyash |
| See | Jerusalem |
| Appointed | 9 February 2018 |
| Predecessor | Joseph Jules Zerey |
| Previous post(s) | Archbishop of Petra and Philadelphia (2007-2015) |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 12 July 1987 |
| Consecration | 13 October 2007
by Gregory III Laham |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1955-12-04) 4 December 1955
Shatana, Irbid, Jordan |
| Denomination | Melkite Greek Catholic Church |


title: Mycofactocin

abstract: Mycofactocin (MFT) is a family of small molecules derived from a peptide of the type known as RiPP (ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides), naturally occurring in many types of Mycobacterium. It was discovered in a bioinformatics study in 2011. All mycofactocins share a precursor in the form of premycofactocin (PMFT); they differ by the cellulose tail added. Being redox active, both PMFT and MFT have an oxidized dione (mycofactocinone) form and a reduced diol (mycofactocinol) form, respectively termed PMFTH2 and MFTH2.

text:
# Mycofactocin

**Mycofactocin** (**MFT**) is a family of small molecules derived from a peptide of the type known as RiPP (ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides), naturally occurring in many types of *Mycobacterium*. It was discovered in a bioinformatics study in 2011. All mycofactocins share a precursor in the form of **premycofactocin** (**PMFT**); they differ by the cellulose tail added. Being redox active, both PMFT and MFT have an oxidized dione (mycofactocinone) form and a reduced diol (mycofactocinol) form, respectively termed **PMFTH2** and **MFTH2**.

## Name

The name "mycofactocin" is derived from three words, the genus name "*Mycobacterium*" (across which it is nearly universal), "cofactor" because its presence in a genome predicts the co-occurrence of certain families of enzymes as if it is a cofactor they require, and "bacteriocin" because a radical SAM enzyme critical to its biosynthesis, MftC, is closely related to the key enzyme for the biosynthesis of subtilosin A, a bacteriocin, from its precursor peptide.

### Nomenclature

An MFT with a glucose tail of *n* units is termed MFT-*n*; MFT-*n*H2 in the reduced form. An MFT with a 2-O-methylglucose is termed a *methylmycofactocin* (MMFT), with analogous numbering.

## Function

Mycofactocin is thought to play a role in redox pathways involving nicotinoproteins, enzymes with non-exchangeable bound nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). This notion comes largely from comparative genomics work that highlighted the many parallels between mycofactocin and pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ). In both cases, maturation of the RiPP requires post-translational modification of a precursor peptide by a radical SAM enzyme, the system appears in very similar form in large numbers of species, the product appears to be used within the cell rather than exported, and several families of enzymes occur exclusively in bacteria with those systems. The number of putatively mycofactocin-dependent oxidoreductases encoded by a single genome can be quite large: at least 19 for *Rhodococcus jostii* RHA1, and 26 for the short chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family alone in *Mycobacterium avium.*

The enzyme LimC (Q9RA05), a nicotinoprotein carveol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.n4), is shown to use both MFT and PMFT *in vitro*.

## Biosynthesis

The mycofactocin biosynthesis pathway is one of the most abundant of any RiPP system in the collection of bacterial genomes sequenced to date. However, its species distribution is heavily skewed towards the Actinomycetota, including *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*, which is the causative agent of tuberculosis and therefore the number one killer among bacterial pathogens of humans. The system is virtually absent from the normal human microbiome, although common in soil bacteria.

1. The biosynthesis of mycofactocin from its precursor peptide MftA begins with decarboxylation of the C-terminal tyrosine residue by the radical SAM enzyme MftC, with help from the precursor-binding protein MftB.
2. However, MftC appears next to perform a further modification to the MftA precursor peptide, an easily missed isomerization, by introducing a tyramine-valine cross-link, and consuming another S-adenosylmethionine in the process. The need for two modifications to MftA by MftC might explain the high degree of amino acid conservation in the last eight residues of MftA, as compared to the level of conservation seen for PqqA, precursor of PQQ.
3. Next, the creatininase homolog MftE releases the C-terminal dipeptide, VY\* (valine-tyrosine, where * indicates that the tyrosine was previously modified).
4. Next, MftD converts the VY-derived dipeptide to premycofactocin, which has a biologically active redox center.
5. And lastly, the glycosyltransferase MftF builds onto premycofactocin a variably sized, beta-1,4 linked oligomeric chain of glucose (i.e. cellulose), sometimes substituting derivatives such as 2-O-methylglucose.

Mycofactocin, therefore, is not a single compound, but instead a mixture of closely related electron carriers that differ in the nature of their attached oligosaccharides.

## InfoBox

| External image | |
| --- | --- |
| Biosynthesis of mycofactocin, with illustration of the gene cluster and known steps. | |


title: Mycoforestry

abstract: Mycoforestry is an ecological forest management system implemented to enhance forest ecosystems and plant communities, by introducing the mycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi. Mycoforestry is considered a type of permaculture and can be implemented as a beneficial component of an agroforestry system. It can enhance the yields of tree crops and produce edible mushrooms, an economically valuable product. By integrating plant-fungal associations into a forestry management system, native forests can be preserved, wood waste can be recycled back into the ecosystem, carbon sequestration can be increased, planted restoration sites are enhanced, and the sustainability of forest ecosystems are improved. Mycoforestry is an alternative to the practice of clearcutting, which removes dead wood from forests, thereby diminishing nutrient availability and reducing soil depth.

text:
# Mycoforestry

**Mycoforestry** is an ecological forest management system implemented to enhance forest ecosystems and plant communities, by introducing the mycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi. Mycoforestry is considered a type of permaculture and can be implemented as a beneficial component of an agroforestry system. It can enhance the yields of tree crops and produce edible mushrooms, an economically valuable product. By integrating plant-fungal associations into a forestry management system, native forests can be preserved, wood waste can be recycled back into the ecosystem, carbon sequestration can be increased, planted restoration sites are enhanced, and the sustainability of forest ecosystems are improved. Mycoforestry is an alternative to the practice of clearcutting, which removes dead wood from forests, thereby diminishing nutrient availability and reducing soil depth.

## Selection of fungal species

According to Paul Stamets, the first principle for the creation of a mycoforestry system is to utilize native fungal species. Implementing a mycoforestry system provides the potential of improving restoration efforts and the possibility of economic gain through mushroom cropping and harvesting. However to utilize native fungal flora, first the relationships between present fungal species and growth substrate, and habitat need to be studied.

A simple way to introduce a mycoforestry system and enhance out-plantings for crops and forest restoration sites is to "use mycorrhizal spore inoculum when replanting forest lands." For this process it is best to match native trees with native mycorrhizal fungi. This method keeps and will promote the functioning of the native ecosystem, and native biodiversity.

It is assumed in a functioning forest ecosystem an underground mycelial network persists even if no fruiting bodies are visible. A period of disappearance of mushrooms from an area should not cause alarm. In order to trigger the formation of fruiting bodies, many fungal species require specific environmental conditions. Most species of fungi do not fruit year round.

Mycoforestry is an emergent scientific field and practice. Until broadly standardized protocols are created and perfected, the collection of both current and historical ecological site conditions will improve the success of the project. Therefore, a survey of fungal relations at the site under both prime and poor conditions is beneficial to implementation of a mycoforestry system.

## Saprotrophic fungi

The second principle is to promote saprotrophic fungi in the environment. Saprophytic fungi are crucial to mycoforestry systems because these are the primary composers breaking down wood and returning nutrients to the soil for use by the rest of the forest ecosystem. This can be accomplished through inoculation of wood debris at site. Spored oils (biodegradable oils containing fungal spores) can be used in chainsaws when problematic or invasive hardwood requires felling. This method is a simple means to inoculate a tree. Additionally plug spawn can be implemented and injected into wood mass again prompting colonization by the selected fungus. Eventually repeated colonization efforts should not be necessary as many fungal life forms are strong and will spread and sustain in the soil on their own.

In management of the mycoforestry system, it is important that dead wood be in contact with the ground. This allows fungus to reach up from the soil and decompose fallen wood releasing nutrients at a much quicker rate then if the wood is left standing. Additionally, it is important to leave dead wood on site for decomposition back into the soil. This philosophy is similarly based to the fact that clearcutting of a forest reduces soil nutrients and thickness.

## Beneficial fungal interactions

The third principle is to implement species known to benefit plant species. These are commonly mycorrhizal fungus that form long term associations with plants, often extending inside of plants roots, acting as an additional root system, and improving absorption of nutrients and water.

Utilizing mushroom species that attract insects could be a useful source of fish food. This practice makes the mycoforestry a larger system. Unlike most agriculture systems it helps the environment in a number of ways. It ties all biological aspects of the environment together, creating sustainable living and food production as well as sustainable fisheries similar to the ancient Hawaiian Ahupua'a, which utilized sustainable all portions of the land for environmental and food security.

Additionally fungal species can be implemented that compete with disease-causing agents like Armillaria root rots, to provide long term protection of the forestry system.

Additionally, the implementation of an agroforestry system performs mycoremediation and mycofiltration activities, cleaning up toxins and restoring the environment.


title: Yet2.com

abstract: yet2.com is a global open innovation consulting company and technology marketplace founded in February 1999. The company is based around the idea of matching large companies with smaller companies, inventors, startups, and academic institutions, as well as allowing all types of technologies to be bought and sold on an online marketplace. Shortly after the company's founding in 1999, it became the largest global market for patents.

text:
# Yet2.com

**yet2.com** is a global open innovation consulting company and technology marketplace founded in February 1999. The company is based around the idea of matching large companies with smaller companies, inventors, startups, and academic institutions, as well as allowing all types of technologies to be bought and sold on an online marketplace. Shortly after the company's founding in 1999, it became the largest global market for patents.

## History

yet2.com was founded in 1999 by Ben duPont and Chris De Bleser. DuPont was attempting to sell a new technology that he had developed. Chris De Bleser was in a similar situation at Polaroid. Originally intended to be an online marketplace only, yet2 changed strategies to provide more consulting services and offline project work. Since its founding the company has provided services to Fortune 500 and Global 2000 companies including Boeing, Ford, Monsanto and NTT among others.

Until 2016, yet2 also included yet2Ventures, a secondary investment firm run by DuPont and Phil Stern. Later that year, yet2Ventures became Chartline Capital Partners and effectively separated operations from yet2.com.

### Funding

The company was founded with original investments from Venrock Capital, Procter & Gamble, DuPont, Honeywell, Caterpillar, NTT Leasing, Bayer and Siemens raising over $24 million.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

yet2.com
|
|  |
| Industry | Open innovation, Technology sales & Venture capital |
| Founded | 1999 (1999) |
| Founder | Ben duPont, Chris De Bleser & Phil Stern |
| Number of locations | Boston, Liverpool, Tokyo and Wilmington, Delaware |
| Key people | Ben duPont, Phil Stern, Tim Bernstein |
| Owner | Private |
| Website | www.yet2.com |


title: Młynek, Tomaszów Mazowiecki County

abstract: Młynek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ujazd, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Ujazd, 16 km (10 mi) north-west of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 35 km (22 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

text:
# Młynek, Tomaszów Mazowiecki County

**Młynek** \[ˈmwɨnɛk\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ujazd, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Ujazd, 16 km (10 mi) north-west of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 35 km (22 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

51°38′28″N 19°54′28″E / 51.64111°N 19.90778°E / 51.64111; 19.90778

## InfoBox

| Młynek | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Młynek | |
| Coordinates: 51°38′28″N 19°54′28″E / 51.64111°N 19.90778°E / 51.64111; 19.90778 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Łódź |
| County | Tomaszów Mazowiecki |
| Gmina | Ujazd |


title: Młynek, Pińczów County

abstract: Młynek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Złota, within Pińczów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland.

text:
# Młynek, Pińczów County

**Młynek** \[ˈmwɨnɛk\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Złota, within Pińczów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland.

## InfoBox

| Młynek | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Młynek | |
| Coordinates: 50°20′35″N 20°33′55″E / 50.34306°N 20.56528°E / 50.34306; 20.56528 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Świętokrzyskie |
| County | Pińczów |
| Gmina | Złota |


title: Młynek, Starachowice County

abstract: Młynek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brody, within Starachowice County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) north-west of Brody, 10 km (6 mi) east of Starachowice, and 45 km (28 mi) north-east of the regional capital Kielce. There is a dam close to the Młynek.

text:
# Młynek, Starachowice County

**Młynek** \[ˈmwɨnɛk\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brody, within Starachowice County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) north-west of Brody, 10 km (6 mi) east of Starachowice, and 45 km (28 mi) north-east of the regional capital Kielce.

There is a dam close to the Młynek.

## InfoBox

| Młynek | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Młynek | |
| Coordinates: 51°2′6″N 21°11′49″E / 51.03500°N 21.19694°E / 51.03500; 21.19694 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Świętokrzyskie |
| County | Starachowice |
| Gmina | Brody |
| Population | 915 |


title: Mỹ Trạch

abstract: Mỹ Trạch is a rural commune (xã) and village in Bố Trạch District, Quảng Bình Province, in Vietnam.

text:
# Mỹ Trạch

**Mỹ Trạch** is a rural commune () and village in Bố Trạch District, Quảng Bình Province, in Vietnam.

17°42′19″N 106°24′20″E / 17.7053°N 106.4056°E / 17.7053; 106.4056

## InfoBox

| Mỹ Trạch | |
| --- | --- |
| Rural commune and village | |
| Country | Vietnam |
| Province | Quảng Bình |
| District | Bố Trạch |
| Time zone | UTC+07:00 (Indochina Time) |


title: Mỹ Thọ (township)

abstract: Mỹ Thọ is a township and capital of Cao Lãnh District, Đồng Tháp Province, Vietnam.

text:
# Mỹ Thọ (township)

**Mỹ Thọ** is a township (*thị trấn*) and capital of Cao Lãnh District, Đồng Tháp Province, Vietnam.

## InfoBox

| Mỹ Thọ *Thị trấn Mỹ Thọ* | |
| --- | --- |
| Township (Class-4) | |
| Mỹ Thọ township | |
| Mỹ Thọ | |
| Coordinates: 10°26′44″N 105°41′49″E / 10.44556°N 105.69694°E / 10.44556; 105.69694 | |
| Country | Vietnam |
| Region | Mekong Delta |
| Province | Đồng Tháp |
| District | Cao Lãnh |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (UTC + 7) |


title: N. S. Williams House

abstract: The N.S. Williams House is a historic house located at 1150 Middleboro Avenue in East Taunton part of Taunton, Massachusetts. The 2+1⁄2-story cross-gabled Italianate style house was built circa 1855 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

text:
# N. S. Williams House

The **N.S. Williams House** is a historic house located at 1150 Middleboro Avenue in East Taunton part of Taunton, Massachusetts. The 2+12-story cross-gabled Italianate style house was built circa 1855 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

## History

The house was built by Nathan Sumner Williams as a gift to his wife Caroline Thompson Richard. Williams ran a boxboard and sawmill located across the street at "Kings Furnace" in what is currently the Massasoit State Park. The location of the house was not to her liking since it stood so far outside the Green of Taunton where most of the wealthy lived. Mr Williams built another home on Summer Street and the family moved to the new location shortly thereafter. He retained the home on Middleboro Avenue as a place to stop and rest on his long journey to and from work daily. The house boasts 4,200 square feet of living space and is over 7,000 square feet overall. It is a post and beam framed structure with a granite foundation. The wrap around front porch and built up window and door pediments define the Victorian Italianate distinction.

In November 1903 Mr Williams died and the house was sold to Ed Whitney, an antique dealer. The house became known as the "Maples Inn". Because the home overlooked the major road leading into Taunton from Cape Cod, it was an ideal location for stage coaches to stop for the night.

From 1950 until the middle of the 1960s a family by the name of Simmons had acquired the home. The Simmons ran an upscale nursing home at the location for fifteen years. In the mid-1960s it was sold to Francis and Jonathan Blye. A substantial fire occurred during this period that nearly destroyed the house and all of its history. For several years, the house remained open and exposed to the elements until it was purchased in 1971 by Nina and Bernard Stanton. They made the repairs needed to make the house habitable once again, and took the steps needed to place the home on the National Register of Historic Places. In 2007 the property was purchased by Michael and Heather Woodby.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| N.S. Williams House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| N. S. Williams House | |
|  | |
| Location | East Taunton, Massachusetts |
| Coordinates | 41°52′55″N 71°0′3″W / 41.88194°N 71.00083°W / 41.88194; -71.00083 |
| Built | c. 1855 |
| Architectural style | Italianate |
| MPS | Taunton MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 84002285 |
| Added to NRHP | July 5, 1984 |


title: Mária Vadász

abstract: Mária Vadász, née Vanya was a Hungarian handball player, Olympic bronze medalist and World Championship silver medalist. She died in Budapest on 18 August 2009 at the age of 59.

text:
# Mária Vadász

**Mária Vadász**, née **Vanya** (1 January 1950  18 August 2009) was a Hungarian handball player, Olympic bronze medalist and World Championship silver medalist.

She died in Budapest on 18 August 2009 at the age of 59.

## Achievements

## Awards

## InfoBox

| Mária Vadász | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Mária Vadász | | |
| Born | (1950-01-01)1 January 1950
Környe, Hungary | | |
| Died | 18 August 2009(2009-08-18) (aged 59)
Budapest | | |
| Nationality | Hungarian | | |
| Height | 1.66 m (5 ft 5 in) | | |
| Playing position | Playmaker, Winger | | |
| Club information | | | |
| Current club |  | | |
| Senior clubs | | | |
| Years | **Team** | | |
| 1968–1971 | MTK | | |
| 1971–1984 | Vasas SC | | |
| 1984–1986 | EMG SK | | |
| National team | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** |
| 1970–1983 | Hungary | 244 |
| Medal record      Olympic Games  1976 Montreal  Team  World Championship  1982 Hungary  Team  1975 Soviet Union  Team  1978 Czechoslovakia  Team | | | |


title: Mária Wollemann

abstract: Mária Wollemann was a Hungarian biochemist and neuroscientist who specialised in neurochemistry and neuropharmacology. A student of Nobel Prize winner Albert Szent-Györgyi at the University of Szeged, she worked at the National Institute of Neurosurgery from 1954 until 1970 and was director of the Biological Research Centre from 1978 until 1983.

text:
# Mária Wollemann

**Mária Wollemann** (6 July 1923 – 5 October 2019) was a Hungarian biochemist and neuroscientist who specialised in neurochemistry and neuropharmacology. A student of Nobel Prize winner Albert Szent-Györgyi at the University of Szeged, she worked at the National Institute of Neurosurgery from 1954 until 1970 and was director of the Biological Research Centre from 1978 until 1983.

## Biography

Born in Budapest on 6 July 1923, Mária Wollemann studied medicine at the University of Szeged under Nobel Prize winner Albert Szent-Györgyi and at the Pázmány Péter Catholic University, obtaining her Doctor of Medicine degree from the latter in 1947. After working at the Royal Hungarian Pázmány Péter University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (1948–1949), Wollemann started working at the National Institute of Neurosurgery (OMIII) in 1954, remaining there until 1970. During her time at OMIII, she had a few short overseas stints as an researcher at the Humboldt University of Berlin (1956–1957), Montefiore Medical Center (1963–1964), and Hôpital Boucicaut in Paris (1966). After moving to the Biological Research Centre (BRC) in Szeged in 1971, she was a group leader and deputy director there, before serving as director from 1978 until 1983.

As an academic, Wollemann specialised in neurochemistry and neuropharmacology, having focused on these areas during her work at the BRC. In 1974, her doctoral dissertation was later published as a book, *Biochemistry of Brain Tumours*. She won the Akadémiai Díj in 1977.

After being inducted to the Hungarian Order of Merit with the Officer's Cross in 1994, Wollemann was promoted to Commander's Cross in 2003. In 2004, *Acta Biologica Hungarica* published a festschrift volume for her 80th birthday. In addition to a 2017 commemorative medal for services to the city's international relations, she was a 2019 honorary citizen of Szeged.

Wollemann died on 5 October 2019, aged 96. Her funeral was subsequently held at the cemetery in Belváros, a neighbourhood in Szeged.

## InfoBox

| Mária Wollemann | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1923-07-06)6 July 1923<br>Budapest, Hungary |
| Died | 5 October 2019(2019-10-05) (aged 96) |
| Occupations | * Biochemist * neuroscientist |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater |  |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Biochemistry |
| Sub-discipline |  |
| Institutions |  |
|  | |


title: NETCONF

abstract:
The Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) is a network management protocol developed and standardized by the IETF. It was developed in the NETCONF working group and published in December 2006 as RFC 4741 and later revised in June 2011 and published as RFC 6241. The NETCONF protocol specification is an Internet Standards Track document. NETCONF provides mechanisms to install, manipulate, and delete the configuration of network devices. Its operations are realized on top of a simple Remote Procedure Call (RPC) layer. The NETCONF protocol uses an Extensible Markup Language (XML) based data encoding for the configuration data as well as the protocol messages. The protocol messages are exchanged on top of a secure transport protocol. The NETCONF protocol can be conceptually partitioned into four layers:
  - The Content layer consists of configuration data and notification data.
  - The Operations layer defines a set of base protocol operations to retrieve and edit the configuration data.
  - The Messages layer provides a mechanism for encoding remote procedure calls (RPCs) and notifications.
  - The Secure Transport layer provides a secure and reliable transport of messages between a client and a server. The NETCONF protocol has been implemented in network devices such as routers and switches by some major equipment vendors. One particular strength of NETCONF is its support for robust configuration change using transactions involving a number of devices.

text:
# NETCONF

The **Network Configuration Protocol** (**NETCONF**) is a network management protocol developed and standardized by the IETF. It was developed in the NETCONF working group and published in December 2006 as RFC 4741 and later revised in June 2011 and published as RFC 6241. The NETCONF protocol specification is an Internet Standards Track document.

NETCONF provides mechanisms to install, manipulate, and delete the configuration of network devices. Its operations are realized on top of a simple Remote Procedure Call (RPC) layer. The NETCONF protocol uses an Extensible Markup Language (XML) based data encoding for the configuration data as well as the protocol messages. The protocol messages are exchanged on top of a secure transport protocol.

The NETCONF protocol can be conceptually partitioned into four layers:

1. The Content layer consists of configuration data and notification data.
2. The Operations layer defines a set of base protocol operations to retrieve and edit the configuration data.
3. The Messages layer provides a mechanism for encoding remote procedure calls (RPCs) and notifications.
4. The Secure Transport layer provides a secure and reliable transport of messages between a client and a server.

The NETCONF protocol has been implemented in network devices such as routers and switches by some major equipment vendors. One particular strength of NETCONF is its support for robust configuration change using transactions involving a number of devices.

## History

The IETF developed the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) in the late 1980s and it proved to be a very popular network management protocol. In the early part of the 21st century it became apparent that in spite of what was originally intended, SNMP was not being used to configure network equipment, but was mainly being used for network monitoring. In June 2002, the Internet Architecture Board and key members of the IETF's network management community got together with network operators to discuss the situation. The results of this meeting are documented in RFC 3535. It turned out that each network operator was primarily using a different proprietary command-line interface (CLI) to configure their devices. This had a number of features that the operators liked, including the fact that it was text-based, as opposed to the BER-encoded SNMP. In addition, many equipment vendors did not provide the option to completely configure their devices via SNMP. As operators generally liked to write scripts to help manage their boxes, they found the SNMP CLI lacking in a number of ways. Most notably was the unpredictable nature of the output. The content and formatting of output was prone to change in unpredictable ways.

Around this same time, Juniper Networks had been using an XML-based network management approach. This was brought to the IETF and shared with the broader community. Collectively, these two events led the IETF in May 2003 to the creation of the NETCONF working group. This working group was chartered to work on a network configuration protocol, which would better align with the needs of network operators and equipment vendors. The first version of the base NETCONF protocol was published as RFC 4741 in December 2006. Several extensions were published in subsequent years (notifications in RFC 5277 in July 2008, partial locks in RFC 5717 in December 2009, with-defaults in RFC 6243 in June 2011, system notifications in RFC 6470 in February 2012, access control in RFC 6536 in March 2012). A revised version of the base NETCONF protocol was published as RFC 6241 in June 2011.

## Protocol layers

### Content

The content of NETCONF operations is well-formed XML. Most content is related to network management. Subsequently, support for encoding in JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) was also added.

The NETMOD working group has completed work to define a "human-friendly" modeling language for defining the semantics of operational data, configuration data, notifications, and operations, called YANG. YANG is defined in RFC 6020 (version 1) and RFC 7950 (version 1.1), and is accompanied by the "Common YANG Data Types" found in RFC 6991.

During the summer of 2010, the NETMOD working group was re-chartered to work on core configuration models (system, interface, and routing) as well as work on compatibility with the SNMP modeling language.

### Operations

The base protocol defines the following protocol operations:

| Operation | Description |
| --- | --- |
| \<get\> | Retrieve running configuration and device state information |
| \<get-config\> | Retrieve all or part of a specified configuration datastore |
| \<edit-config\> | Edit a configuration datastore by creating, deleting, merging or replacing content |
| \<copy-config\> | Copy an entire configuration datastore to another configuration datastore |
| \<delete-config\> | Delete a configuration datastore |
| \<lock\> | Lock an entire configuration datastore of a device |
| \<unlock\> | Release a configuration datastore lock previously obtained with the \<lock\> operation |
| \<close-session\> | Request graceful termination of a NETCONF session |
| \<kill-session\> | Force the termination of a NETCONF session |
|

Basic NETCONF functionality can be extended by the definition of NETCONF capabilities. The set of additional protocol features that an implementation supports is communicated between the server and the client during the capability exchange portion of session setup. Mandatory protocol features are not included in the capability exchange since they are assumed. RFC 4741 defines a number of optional capabilities including :xpath and :validate. Note that RFC 6241 obsoletes RFC 4741.

A capability to support subscribing and receiving asynchronous event notifications is published in RFC 5277. This document defines the \<create-subscription\> operation, which enables creating real-time and replay subscriptions. Notifications are then sent asynchronously using the \<notification\> construct. It also defines the :interleave capability, which when supported with the basic :notification capability facilitates the processing of other NETCONF operations while the subscription is active.

A capability to support partial locking of the running configuration is defined in RFC 5717. This allows multiple sessions to edit non-overlapping sub-trees within the running configuration. Without this capability, the only lock available is for the entire configuration.

A capability to monitor the NETCONF protocol is defined in RFC 6022. This document contains a data model including information about NETCONF datastores, sessions, locks, and statistics that facilitates the management of a NETCONF server. It also defines methods for NETCONF clients to discover data models supported by a NETCONF server and defines the \<get-schema\> operation to retrieve them.

### Messages

The NETCONF messages layer provides a simple, transport-independent framing mechanism for encoding

* RPC invocations (\<rpc\> messages),
* RPC results (\<rpc-reply\> messages), and
* event notifications (\<notification\> messages).

Every NETCONF message is a well-formed XML document. An RPC result is linked to an RPC invocation by a message-id attribute. NETCONF messages can be pipelined, i.e., a client can invoke multiple RPCs without having to wait for RPC result messages first. RPC messages are defined in RFC 6241 and notification messages are defined in RFC 5277.

### Transport

* NETCONF Protocol over Secure Shell (SSH): rfc:6242
* NETCONF Protocol over Transport Layer Security (TLS) with Mutual X.509 Authentication: rfc:7589

* YANG
* Stefan Wallin (2014-10-18). *NETCONF Tutorial* (YouTube). Stockholm: tail-f. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21.
* Network management
* Configuration management
* Network monitoring
* XML Schema


title: NET1

abstract: Neuroepithelial cell-transforming gene 1 protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NET1 gene.

text:
# NET1

**Neuroepithelial cell-transforming gene 1 protein** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *NET1* gene.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| NET1 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Available structures  PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | NET1, ARHGEF8, NET1A, neuroepithelial cell transforming 1 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 606450; MGI: 1927138; HomoloGene: 4283; GeneCards: NET1; OMA:NET1 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001047160
NM\_005863   NM\_001047159
NM\_019671   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001040625
NP\_005854
NP\_005854.2   NP\_001040624
NP\_062645   Location (UCSC) Chr 10: 5.41 – 5.46 Mb Chr 13: 3.93 – 3.97 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


abstract: NETES Institute of Technology & Science Mirza is a private engineering college which started in 2009 and is located in Mirza, 6 km (3.7 mi) from Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport, Guwahati, Assam, India. The college is approved by the All India Council for Technical Education. The college offers Bachelor of Engineering (BE) and Bachelor of Technology (BTech) courses in computer science and engineering, electrical and electronic engineering, electronics and communication engineering, mechanical engineering and civil engineering under affiliation to Gauhati University, the first university of North East India and Assam Science and Technology University.

text:
# NETES Institute of Technology and Science Mirza

**NETES Institute of Technology & Science Mirza** (abbreviated as **NITS Mirza**) is a private engineering college which started in 2009 and is located in Mirza, 6 km (3.7 mi) from Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport, Guwahati, Assam, India. The college is approved by the All India Council for Technical Education.

The college offers Bachelor of Engineering (BE) and Bachelor of Technology (BTech) courses in computer science and engineering, electrical and electronic engineering, electronics and communication engineering, mechanical engineering and civil engineering under affiliation to Gauhati University, the first university of North East India and Assam Science and Technology University.

## Location

Mirza is an emerging township on the National Highway 37, located 28 km (17 mi) from the city centre of Guwahati and 6 km (3.7 mi) from the Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport, Guwahati. Nestled amidst green surroundings, NITS Mirza is on a 20-acre (8.1 ha) campus.

## Campus

In the first phase of development, NITS Mirza started in 2009 with an intake of 200 students in four branches of engineering, a 6,000 sq ft (560 m2) library, a 3,000 sq ft (280 m2) computer centre, a 9,000 sq ft (840 m2) workshop, laboratories, classrooms, and a 100,000 sq ft (9,300 m2) playground for outdoor games, and a gym.

## Organization and administration

NITS Mirza is governed by a governing body, constituted in accordance with the AICTE guidelines composed of academic leaders, NETES members, and nominees of AICTE, Assam Government, Gauhati University, and the industry. The Principal is the administrative and academic head of the institute.

### About NETES

The North East Technical Education Society (NETES) was formed in 2005 by a group of individuals drawn from academia, industry, business and social enterprises. While most of the members are post-graduates and Ph.Ds from the IITs and Assam Engineering College, the society has a few NRIs and past Directors and Chairmen of national bodies as Associate Advisors of the Society.

### Collaborations

Synopsys, Inc., a provider of software and IP for semiconductor design, verification and manufacturing has partnered with NITS Mirza to establish one of its five Regional Centres of Excellence in India at NITS Mirza for its VLSI design curriculum.

A computing environment coupled with remote learning facilities from experts and remote access laboratory practices has been created at NITS Mirza in association with Seer Akademi with the use of Synopsys software tools and IC design flow, and access to faculty.

NITS Mirza has also partnered with Springhive Labs Private Limited, Guwahati to develop Paryavaran Monitoring System, an environmental monitoring hardware board and web service to connect people with their environment and their locality to create more effective and optimised relationships between resources, technology, communities, services and events in their environment.

## Departments

## Research and Development (R&D)

### RemoteLab

The RemoteLab of NITS Mirza will enable students to access experiments and tutorials via internet.

The remote lab project will give technical education and practical experimentation remotely, over internet. Users control electronic instruments and modify experiment parameters, using a browser on the internet.

The remote lab will be a platform that can be used by technical institutes to plug in their experiments and demonstrations and broadcast to participating schools and colleges.

### Robotics Lab

A sophisticated Robotics and embedded systems training center is equipped to provide students the opportunity to learn hands-on. Robotic workshops, step by step practical approach to designing and making electronics and communication systems required to create autonomous and guided robots are organized periodically. The lab has over 50 robotic platforms on which students are involved in design and implementation of circuits for vehicle guidance, navigation, and collision detection.

### Bhola Nath Saikia Advanced Communication Research Centre

The Bhola Nath Saikia Advanced Communication Research Centre has been established at NITS Mirza with R&D infrastructure to work on areas such as computer to computer wireless communication, broadband, and digital modulation. These teaching aids will be available to all schools and colleges all over the country and possibly abroad, through the concept of the Remote Lab, which already has been functional at NITS Mirza.

### Paryavaran Monitoring

NITS Mirza in collaboration with Springhive Labs Private Limited is now pioneering Paryavaran Monitoring – a network of school weather stations of NITS Mirza in order to collect local environmental parameters through schools over the North Eastern Region. The objective is to create a network of local weather monitoring units at the same time enabling students to assemble, operate, and maintain gadgets to monitor and transmit weather parameters.

Equipment to measure temperature and humidity would be supplied to the schools by NITS Mirza free of cost. In the second phase equipment for measurement of rainfall and wind speed would be added. Gadgets for other weather parameters would be added gradually some of which, e.g. a gadget for recording and transmitting sound level including that of thunderstorm, would be assembled by the students in workshops to be organised at NITS Mirza. Weather data will be uploaded to the NITS Mirza data compiler through the internet.

Paryavaran Monitoring was launched by Shri Tarun Gogoi, Chief Minister of Assam during SASTRICAS 2012 -The First Techno Cultural festival of NITS Mirza during March 2012.

## Hostels

NITS Mirza is a fully residential campus. The NITS Mirza Students' Community fosters co-curricular activities for the welfare of students during their stay on the campus.

The majority of students live in hostels in the campus. The hostels are named after tributaries of Assam: Dihang, Kapili (girl's hostel), Chandubi (girl's hostel), Deepor (girl's hostel). Among these hostels Deepor and Chandubi are located outside the campus. Dihang has two blocks viz Dihang I and Dihang II. Dihang and Kapili has a common mess.

## Student activities

### Sports

The institute's sports facilities include football ground, cricket ground, volleyball courts, basketball court (under construction) and a gym. Every year students participate in an Inter-College Sports Meet (only technical institutions) organize by North East Forum For Technical Institutions.

In November, 2012 NITS Mirza emerged champions in the first NEFTi Volleyball Tournament organized by NEFTi at Regional Institute of Science & Technology (RIST), Meghalaya. The college also emerged runners-up in the First NEFTi T-20 Cricket Tournament earlier in March 2012.

### Sastricas: Annual Techno-Cultural Fest

Sastricas is the annual techno-cultural festival of NITS Mirza. Sastricas provides students from schools and colleges across Northeast India a platform to display their skills and ideas. Sastricas ’12 was held from 23 March to 25 March. It has been attended by National Award-winning innovator Uddhab Bharali, Internationally acclaimed astronomer and Director of M.P Birla Planetarium, Kolkota, Dr. Debiprosad Duari. Shri Tarun Gogoi, chief minister of Assam inaugurated Paryavaran Monitoring - a network of school weather stations during Sastricas '12.

Sastricas ’15 was held from 3–5 April 2015.

## InfoBox

NETES Institute of Technology & Science Mirza
| Logo | |
| --- | --- |
| Other name | NITS Mirza |
| Motto in English | "Practice Leads to Perfection" |
| Type | Private |
| Established | 2009 (2009) |
| Academic affiliations | Assam Science and Technology University |
| Principal | Ashim kumar Deb Roy a |
| Academic staff | 60 |
| Undergraduates | 700 (approx) |
| Location | Mirza, Kamrup, Assam, India
26°11′14″N 91°41′30″E / 26.18722°N 91.69167°E / 26.18722; 91.69167 |
| Campus | Suburban,20 acres (8.1 ha) |
| Colours | Blue and cream |
| Website | www.nitsmirza.ac.in |


title: Yn Pabyr Seyr

abstract: Yn Pabyr Seyr is the newsletter of Mec Vannin, the Manx pro-independence organisation, and publicises their policies, views and comments. It has been distributed at least twice a year since 1990. The archive of back-issues available on line is being updated on an ongoing basis. Although its title is in Manx, the majority of content is in English. Its politics lean towards the left and include criticism of neo-conservative capitalism on the Isle of Man.

text:
# Yn Pabyr Seyr

***Yn Pabyr Seyr*** (lit.'The Free Paper') is the newsletter of *Mec Vannin*, the Manx pro-independence organisation, and publicises their policies, views and comments.

It has been distributed at least twice a year since 1990. The archive of back-issues available on line is being updated on an ongoing basis. Although its title is in Manx, the majority of content is in English.

Its politics lean towards the left and include criticism of neo-conservative capitalism on the Isle of Man.


title: Yn Lhaihder

abstract: Yn Lhaihder is an official who takes part in the annual Tynwald Day ceremony at St John's, Isle of Man. After the Coroner of Glenfaba "fences the Court" in English, Yn Lhaihder repeats the same declaration in Manx. The role of Yn Lhaihder is central to reaffirming the Manx identity of the proceedings of Tynwald Day. The role of the Lhaihder has varied somewhat since it was instituted. The First Deemster proclaims the laws and a brief summary of them in English, and the Second Deemster then does so in Manx. Under the Promulgation Act 1988, a summary of each law, as described above, must be read out in both languages within 18 months of it being passed. There is no mention of who should perform this function.

text:
# Yn Lhaihder

***Yn Lhaihder*** (Manx: \[ən ˈlʲaɪdðəɾ\], "The Reader") is an official who takes part in the annual Tynwald Day ceremony at St John's, Isle of Man. After the Coroner of Glenfaba "fences the Court" (brings the Court to order) in English, Yn Lhaihder repeats the same declaration in Manx.

The role of Yn Lhaihder is central to reaffirming the Manx identity of the proceedings of Tynwald Day.

The role of the Lhaihder has varied somewhat since it was instituted.

The First Deemster proclaims the laws and a brief summary of them in English, and the Second Deemster then does so in Manx. Under the Promulgation Act 1988, a summary of each law, as described above, must be read out in both languages within 18 months of it being passed. There is no mention of who should perform this function.

## History

The Coroner of Glenfaba is the most senior Coroner, and traditionally read the laws in Manx. William Kermode did so from 1888 to 1906 (except that in 1898, in contrast to today's packed legislative programme, there were no laws to promulgate). He was Coroner of Glenfaba for most of that time, but was instead Coroner of Michael in four of those years. Nevertheless, he continued to promulgate the laws in Manx on Tynwald Day: perhaps because the other officials (and specifically Philip Teare, who was Coroner of Glenfaba) did not speak Manx or maybe were unwilling to admit to speaking it.

After Kermode died in 1906, for the next three years (1907 to 1909) the laws were promulgated in Manx by A W Moore, Speaker of the House of Keys. Moore died in 1909, and in 1910, William Cashin was the first Lhaihder appointed to proclaim the laws.

When Yn Lhaihder was first appointed in 1910, he read out in Manx the name (short title) and a brief summary of each law to be promulgated. This continued until 1966. Since 1967 that task has been performed by the Second Deemster.

From 1967 to 1971 the then Lhaihder, Charles Craine, was present at the Tynwald Day ceremony but with minimal participation in it. In 1972 Mr Craine, as Lhaihder, fenced the Court in Manx after the retiring Coroner of Glenfaba had done so in English. Since then, that has been the role of Yn Lhaihder.

However, in the unusual circumstances of Tynwald Day 2020, with the ceremony being much reduced in scale due to the COVID pandemic, the Lhaihder, Bob Carswell, once again promulgated the laws in Manx.

List of Lhaihderyn
| Date | Name |
| --- | --- |
| 1910–1911 | William Cashin |
| 1912–1913 | Robert Kerruish |
| 1914–1917 | William Quayle |
| 1918–1937 | John Kewley |
| 1938–1961 | Charles Alfred Cannan |
| 1962–1978 | Charles Craine |
| 1978–1983 | Bill Radcliffe |
| 1984–1986 | Doug Fargher |
| 1987–2000 | John Christian Crellin |
| 2001–2012 | Brian Stowell |
| 2013– | Bob Carswell |


title: York Lions

abstract: The York Lions is the official name for the athletic varsity teams that represent York University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The university's varsity teams compete in the Ontario University Athletics conference of U Sports and, where applicable, in the east division. The Lion's logo features a red lion from the school's logo with the university's colours, red and white. York's former teams were known as the York Yeomen and York Yeowomen, but changed their name to the gender-neutral Lions in 2003.

text:
# York Lions

The **York Lions** is the official name for the athletic varsity teams that represent York University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The university's varsity teams compete in the Ontario University Athletics conference of U Sports and, where applicable, in the east division. The Lion's logo features a red lion from the school's logo with the university's colours, red and white.

York's former teams were known as the **York Yeomen** and **York Yeowomen**, but changed their name to the gender-neutral Lions in 2003.

## Interuniversity sport teams

### Lions football

The York Lions football team has been in operation since 1968 and currently compete in the 11-team Ontario University Athletics conference. The program is one of two in U Sports football to have never won a conference championship. Frank Cosentino was Professor, Chair and Athletic director from 1976 to 1980 - after two years of losses in '76 and '77 with Dick Aldridge as head coach. Cosentino, who had a football background, moved to York from Western where he suggested that he would coach for three years in the hope that he could see where things might need to be changed - they had a 12 and 12 season. Cosentino stepped down in 1980 from Chair of PE, and Dave Pickett took over as coach. Stu Robbins became Chair of PE and asked Cosentino to get involved in football again. Robbins suggested that Cosentino be named Head Coach. Again the Yeomen had 12 wins and12 losses. Cosentino's total years coaching Football at York includes 78, 79, 80 ...84,85,86,87. The team's associate head coaches since the 2023 season are Brian Jones and Nathaniel Griffith.

### Lions men's ice hockey

The York Lions men's ice hockey team competes in the 20-team Ontario University Athletics conference. The team has won three national championships in 1985, 1988, and 1989. The program has also yielded seven Queen's Cup conference championships, most recently in 2017. The team's head coach has been Russ Herrington since 2017.

### Lions women's ice hockey

The York Lions women's ice hockey team competes in the 13-team Ontario University Athletics conference. The team's head coach is Dan Church, who has been in that position since 2004 and is the longest-serving active head coach at York. The team was won three McCaw Cup conference championships, coming in 1983, 1987, and 1997.

### Lions men's soccer

The York Lions men's soccer team has won five U Sports national championships and seven OUA conference championships. Since the hiring of head coach Carmine Isacco in 2007, the Lions have won six of these conference championships (2007, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018) and four national championships (2008, 2010, 2014, 2015). The Lions' 2008 U Sports championship was York's first national championship in any sport in 18 years, and their first soccer championship since 1977. Playing for the Lions, in 2010 Alon Badat was named a U Sports Championship All Star, and the Ontario University Athletics (OUA) West Rookie of the Year, and in 2011 he was a First-Team OUA All-Star. The team currently competes in the 18-team Ontario University Athletics conference.

### Lions women's soccer

The York Lions women's soccer team currently competes in the 19-team Ontario University Athletics conference. The program has had four conference championship winners, coming in 2005, 2007, 2009, and 2019. Carmine Isacco has been the team's head coach since 2012.

### Lions men's volleyball

The York Lions men's volleyball team currently competes in the 13-team Ontario University Athletics conference. The program has featured 13 conference championship winners, most recently in 2005. The highest that the team has finished in the national championship tournament was a second-place finish in 1974. Jordan Taylor was named the team's head coach on July 21, 2023.

### Lions women's volleyball

The York Lions women's volleyball team currently competes in the 14-team Ontario University Athletics conference. The program has had a school-record 15 conference championships with the most recent occurring 2009. In the national championship tournament, the Lions have won five bronze medals, most recently in 1991. The team has been led by head coach Jennifer Neilson since 2018.

## International competition

*This is an incomplete list*

## Awards and honours

* Lauren Golding, U Sports Athlete of the Month, January 2020

### Athletes of the Year

*This is an incomplete list*

| **Year** | **Female Athlete** | **Sport** | **Male Athlete** | **Sport** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2009-10 | Heather Hamilton | Track & Field | Tyrone Halstead | Track & Field |
| 2010-11 | Effie Petrou | Field Hockey | Adrian Pena | Soccer |
| 2011-12 | Melissa Humana-Paredes | Volleyball | Dontae Richards-Kwok | Track & Field |
| 2012-13 | Cynthia Appiah | Track & Field | David McKay | Track & Field |
| 2013-14 | Khamica Bingham | Track & Field | Dontae Richards-Kwok | Track & Field |
| 2014-15 | Brittany Crew | Track & Field | Jarek Whiteman | Soccer |
| 2015-16 | Brittany Crew | Track & Field | Michael Cox | Soccer |
| 2016-17 | Holly Pitters | Track & Field | Jonathan Lao | Soccer |
| 2017-18 | Holly Pitters | Track & Field | Kayden Johnson | Track & Field
Football |
| 2018-19 | Brittany Crew | Track & Field | Pierce Lepage | Track & Field |
| 2019-20 | Teni Odetoyinbo | Soccer | Daniel Gleason | Track & Field |
| 2020-21 | *Not Awarded (COVID-19 Pandemic)* | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2021-22 | Leah Jones | Track & Field | Dieu Merci Yuma | Soccer |
| 2022-23 | Jotam Chouhan | Soccer | Soji Olatoye | Soccer |

## InfoBox

| York Lions | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| University | York University |
| Association | U Sports |
| Conference | Ontario University Athletics |
| Athletic director | Alex Dominato |
| Location | Toronto, Ontario |
| Varsity teams | 9 men, 9 women |
| Football stadium | Alumni Field |
| Arena | Canlan Ice Sports – York |
| Tennis court | Sobeys Stadium |
| Other venues | Tait McKenzie Centre, Toronto Track and Field Centre, York Lions Stadium |
| Mascot | Lion |
| Nickname | Lions |
| Colours | Red, White, and Black
 |
| Website | www.yorkulions.ca |


title: Yonder (restaurant)

abstract: Yonder was a Southern restaurant in Portland, Oregon. Chef Maya Lovelace opened Yonder in northeast Portland's Cully neighborhood in 2019. The business was named one of the city's ten best new restaurants of 2019 by The Oregonian and was featured on an episode of the Food Network's Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives in 2020. Yonder closed on June 26, 2022, when Lovelace converted the space into Hissyfit.

text:
# Yonder (restaurant)

**Yonder** was a Southern restaurant in Portland, Oregon. Chef Maya Lovelace opened Yonder in northeast Portland's Cully neighborhood in 2019. The business was named one of the city's ten best new restaurants of 2019 by *The Oregonian* and was featured on an episode of the Food Network's *Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives* in 2020. Yonder closed on June 26, 2022, when Lovelace converted the space into Hissyfit.

## Description

The fast casual restaurant Yonder served Southern cuisine in northeast Portland's Cully neighborhood. The menu focused on fried chicken and also included cornmeal-fried catfish and grilled pimento cheese sandwiches; sides included bacon-braised collard greens, pimento macaroni and cheese, and bread-and-butter zucchini pickles.

## History

Yonder opened in 2019, in a Jane Dough building space which previously housed Delphina's Bakery. The restaurant began offering weekend brunch service in August. In 2020, Yonder was featured on the tenth episode ("Chicken and Pie") of the 32nd season of the Food Network's *Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives*. The restaurant also hosted pop-up dinners.

In 2022, chef Maya Lovelace announced plans to close Yonder on June 26 and "transition" into Hissyfit. *Eater Portland* attributed the closure to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lovelace said:

> The last couple of years have been intensely difficult for restaurants in Portland and across the country. We feel so lucky to have weathered the storm thanks to the support of our wonderful customers and community, but now it’s time for us to focus on something new. This summer we are shaking things up to make space for more creative freedom and more fun, cooking for the joy of it, and letting our unfettered whims carry us wherever they may go.

One month after Hissyfit's July opening, Lovelace announced the restaurant's permanent closure and her departure from the Portland restaurant industry.

## Reception

Michael Russell included Yonder in *The Oregonian*'s list of "Portland's 10 best new restaurants of 2019". The restaurant has appeared in multiple *Eater Portland* lists, including ones for "impressive cocktails", "buzziest" new breakfasts and brunches, "top-notch" macaroni and cheese, "serious" cornbread, and "outstanding" fried chicken sandwiches.

## InfoBox

| Yonder | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| The restaurant's exterior in 2022 | |
|  | |
| Restaurant information | |
| Established | 2019 (2019) |
| Closed | June 26, 2022 (2022-06-26) |
| Food type | Southern |
| Street address | 4636 Northeast 42nd Avenue |
| City | Portland |
| County | Multnomah |
| State | Oregon |
| Postal/ZIP Code | 97218 |
| Country | United States |
| Coordinates | 45°33′26″N 122°37′13″W / 45.55722°N 122.62028°W / 45.55722; -122.62028 |
| Website | yonderpdx.com |


title: Yoga Narendra Malla

abstract: Yoga Narendra Malla, also known as Yoganarendra, was a Malla dynasty king and the King of Patan. He was the son of Srinivasa Malla and reigned on Patan from 1685 until his death in 1705.

text:
# Yoga Narendra Malla

**Yoga Narendra Malla**, also known as **Yoganarendra**, (Nepali: योगनरेन्द्र मल्ल) was a Malla dynasty king and the King of Patan. He was the son of Srinivasa Malla and reigned on Patan from 1685 until his death in 1705.

## Early life

Yoganarendra was involved in administering the kingdom from his early age because of his father. However, his relationships with the local feudal lords soon began to deteriorate especially against a person named Bhagirath Bhaiya. Yoganarendra also indulged himself in illicit activities which caused his father to abdicate so that Yoganarendra would be busy ruling the kingdom.

## Reign

Srinivasa Malla abdicated in 1685 and Yoganaraendra was crowned as the king in December of the same year. He began to get rid of his enemies and had Bhagirath Bhaiya murdered in 1690. He had a minister named Vamsidhara, who belonged to one of the feudal lords who ruled Patan.

### Skirmishes with Kantipur and Bhadgaon

During the reign of Yoganarendra Malla, numerous skirmishes occurred with the neighboring kingdoms of Kantipur and Bhadgaon. Around 1688, due to the influence of a minister named Lakshminarayan, Patan sided with Kantipur and strengthened the blockade imposed on Bhadgaon. In 1689, Patan switched sides and attacked Kantipur jointly with Bhadgaon and the next year it waged a battle against both Kantipur and Bhadgaon on its own. Lakshminarayan was assassinated in 1690 and the disputes halted for a while. Minor battles also happened between the three kingdoms in 1696 and 1697.

## Succession

Yoganarendra had no legitimate heirs when he died and thus a period of political instability began in Patan which lasted for ten years. The feudal lords of Patan first installed Lokaprakash Malla, grandson of Yoganarendra through his daughter, as the King. Lokaprakash died of smallpox only after eleven months of reign and was succeeded by Indra Malla, the son of Yoganarendra's sister Manimati.

## Personal life

Like his ancestors, Yoganarendra also was a religious monarch. He reformed many religious activities and also set up an image of Bhima killing Dushasana. He was poisoned to death by an agent of Bhadgaon while he was directing an attack against it in 1705. At least 21 queens and concubines of him went Sati.

1. "Collections Online | British Museum". *www.britishmuseum.org*. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
2. Shaha, Rishikesh. *Ancient and Medieval Nepal* (PDF). Kathmandu, Nepal: University of Cambridge. pp. 74–76.
3. Burleigh, Peter (16 February 2022). "A Chronology of Later Kings of Patan" (PDF). *University of Cambridge*: 49.
4. Shrestha, D.B.; Singh, C.B. (1972). *The History of Ancient and Medieval Nepal* (PDF) (1st ed.). Kathmandu: University of Cambridge. pp. 57–59.
5. Regmi, Mahesh C. "Regmi Research Series". *German Oriental Society*. **5**: 200–202.

## InfoBox

| Yoga Narendra Malla | |
| --- | --- |
| Gilt copper statue at Patan Durbar Square | |
| King of Patan | |
| Reign | 1685–1705 |
| Predecessor | Srinivasa Malla |
| Successor | Loka Prakash Malla |
|  | |
| Born | 1667<br>Nepal |
| Died | 1705 |
| Issue | Yogamati |
| Dynasty | Malla |
| Father | Srinivasa Malla |


title: Yinshan Rock Paintings

abstract: Yinshan Rock Paintings or Rock Paintings of Yinshan Mountains, also known as Petroglyphs in the Yinshan Mountains or Rock Paintings of Yinshan Mountain, are images carved into the rocks of the Yin Mountains and are widely distributed, mainly on the cliffs of Wolf Mountain in the Inner Mongolia, with themes involving animals, figures, deities, artifacts, celestial bodies. The historical and cultural site is mainly located on Yin Mountains in the western part of Inner Mongolia, east of the Alxa Left Banner. In ancient history, Yinshan Rock Paintings were first recorded by Li Daoyuan, a Northern Wei geographer, in the 5th century AD. In modern history, they were discovered on January 28, 1980.

text:
# Yinshan Rock Paintings

**Yinshan Rock Paintings** or Rock Paintings of Yinshan Mountains (simplified Chinese: 阴山岩画; traditional Chinese: 陰山岩畫; pinyin: *Yīnshān Yánhuà*), also known as Petroglyphs in the Yinshan Mountains or Rock Paintings of Yinshan Mountain, are images carved into the rocks of the Yin Mountains and are widely distributed, mainly on the cliffs of Wolf Mountain in the Inner Mongolia, with themes involving animals, figures, deities, artifacts, celestial bodies.

The historical and cultural site is mainly located on Yin Mountains in the western part of Inner Mongolia, east of the Alxa Left Banner.

In ancient history, Yinshan Rock Paintings were first recorded by Li Daoyuan, a Northern Wei geographer, in the 5th century AD. In modern history, they were discovered on January 28, 1980.

## Discoveries and Researches

### Ancient times

The earliest record of the petroglyphs is dated to the 5th century AD, when Li Daoyuan described the presence of tiger, horse and goat petroglyphs in the Yin Mountains in the *Commentary on the Water Classic*. This is considered to be the earliest record of the Yinshan petroglyphs. Although much of Li's information was gathered second-hand from other people, he visited the region of Tumed Left Banner and Togtoh County in modern Inner Mongolia from where he is recorded to have travelled west. Thus, it is thought that he observed the Yin Mountain petroglyphs personally. He is frequently credited as the first person to discover the images. However, for several centuries after Li Daoyuan, no one else recorded these rock paintings. It was not until the 1930s that the Sino-Swiss Northwest Scientific Investigation Group (中瑞西北科学考察团) discovered several Yinshan rock paintings.

### Modern times

In 1974, Chinese archaeologist Gai Shanlin (盖山林) first saw the petroglyphs of Yin Mountains during a field survey. At the end of the 1970s, Gai conducted a survey of the Yinshan Rock Paintings, published a book *Petroglyphs in the Yinshan Mountains* in 1986, giving a more comprehensive introduction to the census results. In early 1980, Gai discovered thousands of petroglyphs in the western section of Yin Mountain in Inner Mongolia. This discovery drew great attention from the archaeological community in China and abroad.

The comprehensive investigation of the Yinshan Rock Paintings began in 1976. Since then, many experts, scholars and tourists have been visiting the territory of Bayannur every year, and more than 10,000 rock paintings of Yinshan have been discovered. These petroglyphs not only reflect the beliefs, aesthetic outlook and worldview of the ancient inhabitants of the Yinshan region, but also reveal their nomadic living conditions.

### Contemporary times

Researches show that the creation of the Yinshan Rock Paintings can be dated back to as early as 10,000 years ago, and they have gone through 10 historical stages: the Neolithic, Bronze Age, Warring States Period, Qin and Han Periods, North and South Dynasties, Sui and Tang Periods, Western Xia Period, Mongolian Yuan Period, and Ming and Qing Periods, which truly record the production life, customs, religious beliefs, natural environment, and social appearance of the nomadic peoples in the northern China.

In December 2010, about 500 Bronze Age grinded petroglyphs were found in Urad Middle Banner, located in the Yinshan region, including two drawings of human sexual intercourse, one with 2 people and the other with 3 people. Rock paintings of human sexual intercourse are rare in this area.

## Conservations

In 2006, Yinshan Rock Paintings was included in the sixth batch of the list of Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level in China. Inner Mongolia invested about more than 14 million yuan to start a large-scale rescue census and protection project, as well as to build a solar-powered electronic video monitoring system.

* Shanlin Gai (1986). *Petroglyphs in the Yinshan Mountains*. Cultural Relics Publishing House.
* Wang Xiaokun (2012). *Study on Petroglyphs in the Yinshan Mountains*. China Social Sciences Press.

## InfoBox

Petroglyphs of Yin Mountains
| One of thousands of rock paintings found in the Yin Mountains | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Inner Mongolia |
| History | |
| Periods | Neolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age |
| Site notes | |
| Discovered | 5th century AD |


title: Yolboyu Pirinçlık, Kayapınar

abstract: Yolboyu Pirinçlık is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kayapınar, Diyarbakır Province in Turkey. It is populated by Kurds of the Mendan tribe and had a population of 5,616 in 2022.

text:
# Yolboyu Pirinçlık, Kayapınar

**Yolboyu Pirinçlık** is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kayapınar, Diyarbakır Province in Turkey. It is populated by Kurds of the Mendan tribe and had a population of 5,616 in 2022.

## InfoBox

| Yolboyu Pirinçlık | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| Yolboyu PirinçlıkLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 37°54′0″N 40°0′14″E / 37.90000°N 40.00389°E / 37.90000; 40.00389 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Diyarbakır |
| District | Kayapınar |
| Population (2022) | 5,616 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Yolngu Boy

abstract: Yolngu Boy is a 2001 Australian coming-of-age film directed by Stephen Maxwell Johnson, produced by Patricia Edgar, Gordon Glenn, Galarrwuy Yunupingu and Mandawuy Yunupingu, and starring Sean Mununggurr, John Sebastian Pilakui, and Nathan Daniels. Yolngu Boy is based around three Aboriginal teenage boys linked by ceremony, kinship and a common dream-to become great Yolngu hunters, in a remote community at Yirrkala in North-East Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory of Australia. The feature film traces the metaphorical journey of the three young Aboriginal teenagers caught in a collision between the modern world and traditional Aboriginal culture where they hunt wild animals in the morning using spears and play football while listening to hip hop rap music in the afternoon. The project involved a significant number of community members in the cast and crew of the film.

text:
# Yolngu Boy

***Yolngu Boy*** is a 2001 Australian coming-of-age film directed by Stephen Maxwell Johnson, produced by Patricia Edgar, Gordon Glenn, Galarrwuy Yunupingu and Mandawuy Yunupingu, and starring Sean Mununggurr, John Sebastian Pilakui, and Nathan Daniels. *Yolngu Boy* is based around three Aboriginal teenage boys linked by ceremony, kinship and a common dream-to become great Yolngu hunters, in a remote community at Yirrkala in North-East Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory of Australia. The feature film traces the metaphorical journey of the three young Aboriginal teenagers caught in a collision between the modern world and traditional Aboriginal culture where they hunt wild animals in the morning using spears and play football while listening to hip hop rap music in the afternoon. The project involved a significant number of community members in the cast and crew of the film.

## Plot

After being initiated and growing up together, troubled natural born leader Botj (Sean Mununggurr), conservative and traditionalist Lorrpu (John Sebastian) and football loving ladies' man Milika (Nathan Daniels) are transitioning from childhood to adulthood.

Botj, who has recently been released from prison, decides to break into the local store to get cigarettes and he convinces Lorrpu and Milika to join him. Lorrpu and Milika decide to return home, but Botj remains and gets high by sniffing petrol. He makes his way to the Women's Community Centre, where he lights a smoke, but as he does this, the petrol ignites and the building is burnt down.

The boys find themselves on the wrong side of both black and white law. Determined to help Botj avoid imprisonment, Lorrpu and Milika trek with him from their home in north-eastern Arnhem Land through the wilderness and treacherous escarpment country to Darwin to plead his case before Dawu (Nungki Yunupingu), a Yolngu elder. On their journey they draw upon the ancient bush knowledge they were taught as boys, the street instinct of their leader, Botj, and consequently gain new respect for themselves, and the land they come from.

In Darwin, Lorrpu tries to convince Dawu that Botj is rehabilitated, but Dawu does not believe him. Botj fears he may be turned over to the police, so he leaves the group and attempts to find his father. When he finds his father, his father is so intoxicated that he is unable to recognize Botj. Following this, Botj turns to sniffing petrol once again and while under its effects, he falls to his death from a bridge. His body is discovered by Lorrpu and Milika later that day.

Lorrpu and Milika return to their original home and their old lives. For Lorrpu, the journey has been a rite of passage, and through it he has been able to gain the acceptance of his elders.

## Cast

* John Sebastian Pilakui – Lorrpu
* Sean Mununggurr – Botj
* Nathan Daniels – Milika
* Lirrina Mununggur – Yuwan
* Makuma Yunupingu – Matjala
* Nungki Yunupingu – Dawu
* Mangatjay Yunupingu – Maralitja Man
* Gurkula (Jack Thompson) – Policeman
* Gerard Buyan Garrawurra – Lunginy

## Production history

The project was a joint development with independent producer, Stephen Johnson of Darwin-based production company, Burrundi Pictures. Gordon Glenn, of Cradle Mountain Film Productions, co-produced the film. The project had the support of the Yirrkala community and involved a significant number of community members in the cast and crew of the film.

In late April 1996, Foundation Director, Patricia Edgar, Johnson and Gordon Glenn, of Burrundi Films, travelled to north Arnhem Land to discuss proposals for the workshops and for a feature film with the community, the Yirrkala Dhanbul Council and Galarrwuy Yunupingu. During the visit, Edgar spent time hunting mud crabs with elder Gulumbu Mununggurr, who confirmed the community's interest in proceeding with the development of a feature film and the workshops.

Yolngu Boy was the first Australian feature film made with an all-Indigenous lead cast and the full collaboration of the Yolngu people. Galarrwuy Yunupingu and Mandawuy Yunupingu were associate producers. Together with the local community elders, they advised and approved the film from a cultural perspective, including the researching and writing of the script, casting, wardrobe, makeup and art department.

> "the families were very excited that the film was focused on their youth culture and community life. They wanted the story to be a true reflection of the big issues facing them today". *Director, Stephen Johnson*

The Foundation and Darwin-based Corrugated Iron Youth Theatre (CIYT) conducted two weeks of performance workshops for young Yolngu people from the Yirrkala and Gunyangara Communities in north Arnhem Land from 17 to 28 June 1996. The purpose of the workshops was to provide insight into acting skills and the process of filmmaking and to impart a feeling of ownership and pride in the finished product. The workshops were sponsored by the Foundation, Northern Territory Health Services, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Arts Board and the Theatre Fund of the Australia Council. The workshops took place at the Yirrkala School and nearby locations in the community, with 60 children attending. During the first week, the workshops included movement, acting and vocal classes. The second week concentrated on character development, working toward short dramatic presentations. The workshops were directed by Maggie Miles of CIYT, and Witiyana Marika from the Yirrkala Community was the interpreter and assistant director of the workshops.

Stage one of the development phase also involved Johnson and other members of his company, Burundi Pictures, spending two weeks in August researching the project and discussing the script with members of the Yirrkala, Galiwinku, Maningrida and Gunbalanya (Oenpelli) Aboriginal communities. They also conducted a location survey throughout Arnhem Land. A first draft script by Chris Anastassiades was completed in 1997 and then further developed.

After four years of negotiation with the Yolngu community and development, the film was fully financed in early 1999, through a combination of private and government investment, a Northern Territory Government grant, and a pre-sale to SBS Independent. Some scenes in the film required extensive negotiations with local elders to arrange permissions to film at certain sites. For example, one scene where Botj, Lorrpu and Milika climb down a cliff overlooking a waterhole to go for a swim was filmed at Lightning Dreaming at Twin Falls on the edge of the Arnhem Land escarpment, and took months of negotiations with local elders to arrange permission to film.

The casting director, Maggie Miles, with Glenn and Johnson, toured the Northern territory top-end visiting communities and screened 1,000 boys for the three main roles. Sixteen were then selected for a workshop in July to determine a final cast.

Sean Mununggurr is from Gapuwiyak in Eastern Arnhem Land and is a Gumatj dialect speaker, while John Sebastian Pilakui (Sebbie) and Nathan Daniels both hail from Bathurst Island in the Tiwi Islands. For all three, English is their second language, and all three were fifteen years old at the time of filming.

Pre-production commenced in April 1999, with principal photography commencing in the Northern Territory in September 1999.

*Yolngu Boy* was filmed entirely on location in the Northern Territory during a seven-week shoot, from 17 September 1999 and concluded on 6 November 1999. Filming took place in remote locations in North East Arnhem Land and Kadadu, as well as in Darwin.

> "The crew were absolutely fabulous – everyone gave 150 per cent effort. Never has anything like this been done before on this scale in these locations. We had equipment taken into some radical locations and we were moving fast from set-up to set-up." *Producer and Executive Producer, Patricia Edgar.*

The three main boys, Nathan, Sean and Sebastian, playing Milika, Botj and Lorrpu, had never acted prior to filming *Yolngu Boy* and had lived their lives in the outback. Johnson felt that they brought a "raw energy" to their characters.

Post-production on the film commenced in Melbourne in November 1999 and the final release print was delivered to the film's distributors in early June 2000.

## Release

The world premiere of the film took place on 31 January 2001 in Yirrkala at a temporary outdoor cinema on a football field. The 300 guests who attended were local Yolngu people, many of whom were involved directly or indirectly in the film, whose response was overwhelming.

On 1 February 2001, more than 800 guests arrived at the Village Cinema in central Darwin for a premiere screening, hosted by the Chief Minister of the Northern Territory, Denis Burke. A parliamentary screening hosted by the Peter McGauran, Minister for the Arts, took place in Parliament House, Canberra, on 7 February 2001. The Melbourne premiere, hosted by Victorian Premier Steve Bracks and Terry Bracks, took place on 12 February 2001. A Sydney premiere was held on 15 March 2001.

*Yolngu Boy* was released in major cinemas across Australia from March 2001.

The domestic theatrical distributor was Palace Films. The film was also pre-sold to SBS Independent. Beyond Films Limited distributed overseas and investors included the Australian Film Finance Corporation, Film Victoria, the Northern Territory Government, SBSI, the Australian Children's Television Foundation (ACTF), along with private investment.

*Yolngu Boy* was selected to screen at three festivals: the Cinemagic Northern Ireland Wolrd Screen Entertainment Festival for Young People in Belfast in December 2001; the Barcelona International Festival and the Brooklyn Academy of Music's Next Wave Festival in the USA. The Next Wave Festival had a month long focus on Australian arts and culture and included a three-week festival of Australian films of the past 10 years.

Athabasca University in Canada hosted the Canadian premiere of *Yolngu Boy* in conjunction with their indigenous education program.

### Advance free screening for teachers

Free screenings of the feature film *Yolngu Boy* took place for teachers in the first week of December in capital cities around Australia.

A study Guide for teachers was available at the screenings. Key Themes included in the Study Guide were Rites of Passage and personal Growth, The Search For Identity, Friendship, Rules, Rights and Responsibilities and Culture. The themes and activities developed in the Study Guide targeted teachers and students from middle to senior years in the subjects of Australian history, Cultural Studies, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, Studies of Society and Environment, English, Personal Development and Media Studies.

### Canberra screening

On 7 February, the Hon Peter McGauran, Minister for the Arts, hosted a parliamentary screening of *Yolngu Boy* at Parliament House in Canberra. The screening, introduced by producer Patricia Edgar and Director Stephen Johnson, was attended by over 300 guests including Dr. David Kemp, Minister for Education, Training and Youth Affairs and the Hon. Phillip Ruddock, Minister for Reconciliation and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs.

### Inspired Youth Program

Eight teenage boys from the Sunbury-based young men's program visited the ACTF on 16 May 2001. The group met with *Yolngu Boy'*s producer, Patricia Edgar, and writer, Chris Anastassiades. Youth Services Officer, Darren Rose, took the group to see *Yolngu Boy* earlier in the year. The film has such a great impact on the boys that they wanted to meet with the film's producer to get further insight into the making of the film and the themes it explores. The group later participated in an exchange program in the Northern Territory in September of that year.

## Distribution

In 2002, *Yolngu Boy'*s international distributor, Beyond International Film Sales, reported that television sales were made during the year to Shapira Films (Israel) and Aipi-Bulgaria, and a video deal was concluded with Video Networks UK. Highlights of the Foundation's sales in 2002 included sales of 793 copies of *Yolngu Boy*. The film was distributed in Australia and New Zealand by Palace Films and, until March 2003, was distributed internationally by Beyond Films. During 2002, Palace sold Australian pay television rights to showtime, and Beyond sold Canadian Pay TV rights to the Aboriginal People's Network.

In March 2003, the ACTF assumed responsibility for international distribution of *Yolngu Boy*. The ACTF also participated in the national conference of the Social Education Association of Australia (SEAA) in Melbourne from 9–12 July. The conference included a session on Studying Contemporary Indigenous Issues featuring *Yolngu Boy* and Australian Rules. Lee Burton also presented a session on teaching social education issues through ACTF programs. At the MIPCOM television market held in Cannes in October 2003, the ACTF sold *Yolngu Boy* to YLE Finland.

In 2004, *Yolngu Boy* was sold to the Finnish Broadcasting Company (Finland).

## Box office

*Yolngu Boy* grossed A$645,700 at the box office in Australia.

## Reviews

"Yolngu Boy is a sensitive but dramatic treatment of the search for identity in modern Australia by three indigenous boys. This is a long overdue film about what it means to be a young indigenous person in Australia today. I hope very many Australians go to see it". *Dr David Kemp, Federal Minister for Education, Training and Youth Affairs*

"...probably the most important Australian film of the year...I wish I could compel every Australian to see it". *Peter Thompson, Sunday, Channel 9*

"This is a terrific contribution to the reconciliation process...The film has great honesty, but will also provide greater understanding of indigenous spirituality and culture. There were some images in the film that will stay with me for some time". *Michael Gorton, Co-Chair, Australians for Reconciliation*

"I could personally relate to it myself. The dream is stronger than the goal". *Michael Long, Essendon Football Club*

"Yolngu Boy is a movie with heart and integrity, but is also insightful, original and intensely compelling". *The Hon Peter McGauran MP, Federal Minister for the Arts and the Centenary of Federation*

"Yolngu Boy is one of the most rewarding films that you are likely to see...This is truly a masterpiece of community spirit and a gift to the world. Don't miss this film, a remarkable insight into contemporary Australia. Five out of five". *James Brandis, WA Post*

"The film, about three teenagers caught between the modern world and their traditional culture, is a visual feast". *FOCUS, autumn markets*

"An edifying film that was both confronting and humbling – a presentation for all Australians to see". *The Hon. Philip Ruddock, Minister for Reconciliation and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs*

"A really impressive film with incredible energy. I think it showed great insight into a culture that white Australians know nothing about". *Deb Cox, CoxKnight Productions, Creator SeaChange*

"Yolngu Boy is realistic and, at times, confronting. It is also an original, beautiful and moving film. It should be seen by all Australians – because it gives us a deeper understanding of indigenous culture and experiences, while still telling a great story". *The Hon. Steve Bracks MP, Premier of Victoria.*

"...this estimable fable for the 21st century deserves as wide an audience as possible. A moving drama about lives in the making and battles against the odds, it is also a compelling adventure yarn with a brain". *Tom Ryan, Sunday Age*

"...such an impressive film...you're being presented with parts of Australian life you've never seen before..." *Margaret Pomeranz, SBS Movie Show*

## Soundtrack

1. Kakadu – M.Yunupingu
2. Neva Mend – Nokturnl
3. Black Bugs – Regurgitator
4. Gapu – Yothu Yindi
5. Poisonous Love/Ghost Spirit – Yothu Yindi
6. Treaty – Yothu Yindi
7. Surrender – Songlines Music Aboriginal Corporation
8. Farewell – Garmadi Community, Co-Ordinated by Laura Naborhiborhl

## Website

The *Yolngu Boy* website was completed in anticipation of the release of the film in Australia in March 2001. The site included a flash trailer, electronic postcards, behind-the-scenes clips, information about Yolngu culture and language, a downloadable press kit and a downloadable study guide for educators.

## Yolngu artwork

Two painted panels that feature in *Yolngu Boy* are on permanent display at Melbourne Museum. The copies of the Yirrkala Church Panels, painted by Yirrkala artists Gaymala Yunupingu, her sister Gulumbu Yunupingu, and Dhuwarrwarr Marika, are 4 m (13 ft) high and feature images of strong ancestral significance to the people of Arnhem Land in northern Australia. Following the completion of the film, the ACTF donated the panels to Melbourne Museum to ensure their preservation and public exhibition.

The panels were unveiled by Janet Holmes a Court, Chairman of the ACTF, at Melbourne Museum on 9 February.

## Awards

| Ceremony | Category | Year | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Zanzibar International Film Festival | People's Choice Award | 2001 | Won |
| Giffoni Film Festival Italy | Bronze Gryphon Award | 2001 | Won |

John Sebastian Pilakui won the Young Actors’ Award for the 2001 AFI Awards in Melbourne on 16 November for his performance as Lorrpu.

## InfoBox

| *Yolngu Boy* | |
| --- | --- |
| DVD cover | |
| Directed by | Stephen Maxwell Johnson |
| Written by | Chris Anastassiades |
| Produced by | Patricia Edgar
M. Yunupingu
Galarrwuy Yunupingu
Gordon Glenn |
| Starring | Sean Mununggurr
John Sebastian Pilakui
Nathan Daniels |
| Cinematography | Brad Shield |
| Edited by | Ken Sallows |
| Music by | Mark Ovenden |
| Release date | * 22 March 2001 (2001-03-22) |
| Running time | 85 minutes |
| Country | Australia |
| Language | English |
| Box office | $645,700 |