title: US Yachts US 22

abstract: The US Yachts US 22 is an American trailerable sailboat, that was designed by Gary Mull and first built in 1979. The US 22 is a development of the 1977 Ranger 22 and the Buccaneer 220 of 1978, both Mull designs. The US 22 design was later developed into the Triton 22 and built by Pearson Yachts starting in 1985.

text:
# US Yachts US 22

The **US Yachts US 22** is an American trailerable sailboat, that was designed by Gary Mull and first built in 1979.

The US 22 is a development of the 1977 Ranger 22 and the Buccaneer 220 of 1978, both Mull designs. The US 22 design was later developed into the Triton 22 and built by Pearson Yachts starting in 1985.

## Production

The boat was built by US Yachts, a division of Bayliner, which is itself a division of the Brunswick Boat Group, which is in turn owned by the Brunswick Corporation. The design was constructed starting in 1979, but it is now out of production.

## Design

The US 22 is a small recreational keelboat, built predominantly of hand-laid fiberglass, with teak wood trim. It has a fractional sloop rig with aluminum spars, a raked stem and reverse transom, a transom-hung rudder controlled by a tiller.

It displaces 2,450 lb (1,111 kg) and carries 950 lb (431 kg) of ballast. The boat was factory-built with three different types of fin keels: a conventional fixed keel, a fixed shoal-draft keel and a retractable swing keel.

The boat has a draft of 4.10 ft (1.25 m) with the standard keel and 2.60 ft (0.79 m) with the optional shoal draft keel. The swing keel model has a draft of 5.75 ft (1.75 m) with the keel down and 2.42 ft (0.74 m) with it up, allowing beaching or ground transportation on a trailer.

The boat is normally fitted with a small 3 to 6 hp (2 to 4 kW) outboard motor for docking and maneuvering.

The design has sleeping accommodation for five people, with a double "V"-berth in the bow, a drop-down dinette table on the port side that forms a double berth and a single quarter berth on the starboard side that extends under the cockpit. The galley is located on the starboard side just forward of the companionway steps. The galley is equipped with an optional two-burner alcohol-fired stove, a single sink with hand-pumped water supply and a portable icebox. The optional head is located in the bow cabin on the port side under the forward section of the "V" berth and consists of a portable toilet. The cabin sole is teak and holly. Ventilation is provided by a hatch over the bow cabin. Below decks headroom is 57 in (145 cm).

For sailing the boat is equipped with a mainsheet traveler mounted on the bridge deck, genoa tracks, an internally-mounted outhaul, topping lift and reefing system. There are two cockpit winches for the jib. The boat may be fitted with a spinnaker for downwind sailing.

All versions of the US 22 have hull speeds of 5.98 kn (11.07 km/h).

## Variants

US 22 This model was introduced in 1979 with a full fin keel and a draft of 4.10 ft (1.25 m). It has a PHRF racing average handicap of 282. US 22 SD This model was introduced in 1979 with a shoal draft keel and a draft of 2.60 ft (0.79 m). The boat has a PHRF racing average handicap of 264. US 22 Swing Keel This model was introduced in 1979 with a swing keel and a draft of 5.75 ft (1.75 m) with the keel down and 2.42 ft (0.74 m) with it retracted.

## Operational history

In a 2010 review Steve Henkel noted the wide four seat dinette table, which can be converted into a double berth. He listed the full keel version's worst features, in comparison to its competition, as, "the draft is a little high, the ballast a little low, and the headroom low, too."

**Related development**

**Similar sailboats**

## InfoBox

US 22
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Development | |
| Designer | Gary Mull |
| Location | United States |
| Year | 1979 |
| Builder(s) | US Yachts |
| Name | US 22 |
| Boat | |
| Crew | two |
| Displacement | 2,450 lb (1,111 kg) |
| Draft | 4.10 ft (1.25 m) with swing keel
2.67 ft (0.81 m) with shoal keel |
| Hull | |
| Construction | Fiberglass |
| LOA | 22.00 ft (6.71 m) |
| LWL | 19.92 ft (6.07 m) |
| Beam | 7.92 ft (2.41 m) |
| Hull appendages | |
| Keel/board type | fixed deep or shoal keel, optional swing keel |
| Ballast | 950 lb (431 kg) |
| Rudder(s) | transom-mounted |
| Rig | |
| General | Fractional rigged sloop |
| foretriangle height | 24.80 ft (7.56 m) |
| foretriangle base | 8.70 ft (2.65 m) |
| mainsail luff | 25.00 ft (7.62 m) |
| mainsail foot | 7.50 ft (2.29 m) |
| Sails | |
| Mainsail area | 93.75 sq ft (8.710 m2) |
| Jib/genoa area | 107.88 sq ft (10.022 m2) |
| Total sail area | 202 sq ft (18.8 m2) |
| Racing | |
| PHRF | 282 |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: USS Gilbert Islands

abstract: USS Gilbert Islands was a Commencement Bay-class escort carrier of the United States Navy. The Commencement Bay class were built during World War II, and were an improvement over the earlier Sangamon class, which were converted from oil tankers. They were capable of carrying an air group of 33 planes and were armed with an anti-aircraft battery of 5 in (127 mm), 40 mm (1.6 in), and 20 mm (0.8 in) guns. The ships were capable of a top speed of 19 knots, and due to their origin as tankers, had extensive fuel storage. She was launched on 20 July 1944 by the Todd-Pacific Shipyards in Tacoma, Washington. She was sponsored by Mrs. Edwin D. McMorries, wife of Captain Edwin D. McMorries, Surgeon at the Naval Hospital at Puget Sound Naval Yard, and commissioned on 5 February 1945. She was reclassified as AGMR-1 on 1 June 1963, renamed Annapolis on 22 June 1963 and finally recommissioned on 7 March 1964.

text:
# USS Gilbert Islands

**USS *Gilbert Islands*** (ex-*St. Andrews Bay*) was a *Commencement Bay*-class escort carrier of the United States Navy. The *Commencement Bay* class were built during World War II, and were an improvement over the earlier *Sangamon* class, which were converted from oil tankers. They were capable of carrying an air group of 33 planes and were armed with an anti-aircraft battery of 5 in (127 mm), 40 mm (1.6 in), and 20 mm (0.8 in) guns. The ships were capable of a top speed of 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph), and due to their origin as tankers, had extensive fuel storage.

She was launched on 20 July 1944 by the Todd-Pacific Shipyards in Tacoma, Washington. She was sponsored by Mrs. Edwin D. McMorries, wife of Captain Edwin D. McMorries, Surgeon at the Naval Hospital at Puget Sound Naval Yard, and commissioned on 5 February 1945.

She was reclassified as AGMR-1 on 1 June 1963, renamed ***Annapolis*** on 22 June 1963 and finally recommissioned on 7 March 1964.

## Design

In 1941, as United States participation in World War II became increasingly likely, the US Navy embarked on a construction program for escort carriers, which were converted from transport ships of various types. Many of the escort carrier types were converted from C3-type transports, but the *Sangamon*-class escort carriers were instead rebuilt oil tankers. These proved to be very successful ships, and the *Commencement Bay* class, authorized for Fiscal Year 1944, were an improved version of the *Sangamon* design. The new ships were faster, had improved aviation facilities, and had better internal compartmentation. They proved to be the most successful of the escort carriers, and the only class to be retained in active service after the war, since they were large enough to operate newer aircraft.

*Gilbert Islands* was 557 ft 1 in (169.80 m) long overall, with a beam of 75 ft (23 m) at the waterline, which extended to 105 ft 2 in (32.05 m) at maximum. She displaced 21,397 long tons (21,740 t) at full load, of which 12,876 long tons (13,083 t) could be fuel oil (though some of her storage tanks were converted to permanently store seawater for ballast), and at full load she had a draft of 27 ft 11 in (8.51 m). The ship's superstructure consisted of a small island. She had a complement of 1,066 officers and enlisted men.

The ship was powered by two Allis-Chalmers geared steam turbines, each driving one screw propeller, using steam provided by four Combustion Engineering-manufactured water-tube boilers. The propulsion system was rated to produce a total of 16,000 shp (12,000 kW) for a top speed of 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph). Given the very large storage capacity for oil, the ships of the *Commencement Bay* class could steam for some 23,900 nautical miles (44,300 km; 27,500 mi) at a speed of 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph).

Her defensive anti-aircraft armament consisted of two 5 in (127 mm) dual-purpose guns in single mounts, thirty-six 40 mm (2 in) Bofors guns, and twenty 20 mm (1 in) Oerlikon light AA cannons. The Bofors guns were placed in three quadruple and twelve twin mounts, while the Oerlikon guns were all mounted individually. She carried 33 planes, which could be launched from two aircraft catapults. Two elevators transferred aircraft from the hangar to the flight deck.

## Service history

### Construction and World War II

The first fifteen ships of the *Commencement Bay* class were ordered on 23 January 1943, allocated to Fiscal Year 1944. The ship was originally laid down under the name *St. Andrews Bay* at the Todd-Pacific Shipyards in Tacoma, Washington, on 29 November 1943. During construction, she was renamed *Gilbert Islands* after the Gilbert Islands campaign, which culminated in the bloody Battle of Tarawa the same month that work began on the ship. The ship was launched on 20 July 1944 and was commissioned on 5 February 1945. Final fitting out work was then completed, and on 20 February, she got underway for San Diego, California. While en route, a Navy blimp spotted a stray naval mine and requested that *Gilbert Islands* destroy it with her anti-aircraft guns; her inexperienced gunners expended nearly 850 rounds in total from her 20- and 40 mm guns before they destroyed the mine.

The ship then stopped in Alameda, California, to refuel before arriving in San Diego. There, she loaded ammunition and took on her complement of aviators from Marine Air Group 2, which comprised the fighter squadron VMF-512 and the torpedo squadron VMB-143. The former consisted of eighteen Vought F4U Corsairs and two Grumman F6F Hellcats, and the latter was equipped with twelve Grumman TBM Avengers. On 12 April, *Gilbert Islands* left San Diego, bound for Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, for a week of combat training exercises. On 2 May, she left Hawaii for the western Pacific, where she joined the main American fleet waging the war against Japanese forces. She arrived in Ulithi in the Caroline Islands on 14 May; her escorting destroyers*Caperton*, *Cogswell*, and *Ingersoll*—repeatedly reported what proved to be likely false submarine contacts on the voyage.

#### Battle of Okinawa

On 17 May, the ship sortied for the Ryukyu Islands to join the fleet, then in the midst of the Battle of Okinawa. She arrived there and joined Task Unit 52.1.1. on 21 May. *Gilbert Islands* spent the following three days contributing her fighters to the combat air patrol, while her TBMs were employed on anti-submarine patrols. As the pilots got acclimated to combat missions, they began to be used to escort aerial attacks and performing strikes on Japanese positions on the island. Over the course of the rest of the month, her aircraft attacked numerous defensive positions, particularly around Shuri Castle in southern Okinawa, as the marines fought their way across the island. One of her aircraft shot down a Mitsubishi Ki-46 reconnaissance aircraft, which proved to be the only aerial victory any of the ship's pilots claimed during the war. During these operations, she lost only a single Corsair, which crashed after the pilot turned too low to the water.

On 1 June, *Gilbert Islands* was transferred to Task Unit 32.1.3, and she spent the next two weeks carrying out repeated, heavy strikes on the nearby Sakishima Islands—particularly Ishigaki Island, Irabu Island, and Miyako-jima—in an attempt to neutralize airfields there to prevent the Japanese from intervening in the fighting on Okinawa. In addition, the aviators attacked other critical infrastructure, such as radio and radar stations, harbor facilities, barracks, and villages. During these raids, two aircraft were shot down and a further two were badly damaged and forced to ditch at sea near *Gilbert Islands*. In total, five men were killed in the attacks.

#### Later operations

On 16 June, *Gilbert Islands* left the Okinawa area, bound for San Pedro Bay in the Philippines for a period of rest and replenishment. Over the course of the following five days, the ship's crew loaded fuel, munitions for her aircraft, other ammunition, and other supplies. They also made repairs to the ship's machinery, necessitated by heavy use in the fighting off Okinawa over the past month. On 26 June, she sortied in company with the escort carriers *Suwanee* and *Block Island* to raid Japanese positions in the occupied Dutch East Indies. Their attacks began on 30 June, and were coordinated to support the impending Australian invasion at Balikpapan. By 4 July, the Australians had secured the area, but in the course of the fighting, one of *Gilbert Islands*' Hellcats was shot down by Japanese anti-aircraft fire. The carriers then left for the Philippines, arriving back in San Pedro Bay on 6 July.

*Gilbert Island* remained in San Pedro Bay for almost the rest of the month to rest her crew. On 29 July, she got underway again to return to operations with the main fleet, which had shifted from Okinawa to the Japan campaign. *Gilbert Island* was assigned to cover the fleet's logistics train that kept the rest of Third Fleet in operations off the coast of Japan. From 10 to 12 August, she and several other vessels had to withdraw temporarily to avoid a typhoon that was passing through the area. On 15 August, she joined Task Group 30.8, and that morning Japan announced it would surrender, ending the fighting. The ship was detached from TG 30.8 on 2 September, the day Japan formally surrendered, and *Gilbert Islands* thereafter returned to Okinawa. She stayed there for about six weeks before departing for Formosa, where she covered elements of the Chinese Nationalist Army's 70th Army as they landed on the island at Keelung to retake control from the defeated Japanese. *Gilbert Islands* then sailed for Saipan in the Mariana Islands to embark passengers returning to the United States, before continuing on to Pearl Harbor and ultimately San Diego, arriving there on 4 December. In the course of her career during World War II, the ship received three battle stars.

### Atlantic Fleet operations

On 21 January 1946, *Gilbert Islands* departed San Diego, having been ordered to move to the Atlantic Fleet. She arrived in her new home port, Norfolk, Virginia, on 7 February. She was decommissioned there on 21 May and allocated to the Atlantic Reserve Fleet. In November 1949, she was towed to the Inactive Ship Facility in Philadelphia. The ship remained out of service until the outbreak of the Korean War in June 1950 drastically increased the Navy's need for warships. *Gilbert Islands* was recommissioned on 7 September 1951, and moved to the Boston Naval Shipyard in November for an overhaul to prepare her for active service. On 1 August 1952, she was finally ready to join the Atlantic Fleet. Her first mission began eight days later, when she departed to ferry a group of jet aircraft to Yokohama, Japan; she arrived there on 18 September. She arrived in Quonset Point, Rhode Island, on 22 October; this was now her new home port.

On 5 January 1953, the ship sailed for a training cruise to the West Indies; she patrolled off the East Coast of the United States for much of the rest of the year. Late in 1953, she cruised in Canadian waters and visited Halifax, after which she returned to Boston for an overhaul. On 5 January 1954, she departed for a cruise across the Atlantic and into the Mediterranean Sea that lasted for two months. She arrived back in Quonset Point on 12 March, where she embarked on training exercises for reserve crews. On 9 June, she conducted the first experimental tests of operating jet aircraft, though these consisted of brief touch-and-go landings.

On 25 June, she sailed from Rhode Island, bound for Boston, where she was decommissioned again on 11 January 1955 and returned to the Atlantic Reserve Fleet. By this time, the Navy had begun replacing the *Commencement Bay*-class ships with much larger *Essex*-class aircraft carriers, since the former were too small to operate newer and more effective anti-submarine patrol planes. Proposals to radically rebuild the *Commencement Bay*s either with an angled flight deck and various structural improvements or lengthen their hulls by 30 ft (9.1 m) and replace their propulsion machinery to increase speed came to nothing, as they were deemed to be too expensive. On 7 May 1959, she was reclassified as an aircraft ferry with the hull number AKV-39. She remained in the Navy's inventory until 1 June 1961, when she was struck from the Naval Vessel Register.

### As *Annapolis*

In November 1961, *Gilbert Islands* was instated to the Naval Vessel Register, but she remained out of service. On 1 June 1963, she was reclassified as a communications relay ship with the hull number AGMR-1. She was renamed *Annapolis* on 22 June and was recommissioned on 7 March 1964. The purpose of the ship was to serve as a mobile command and control station to coordinate with ground forces in regions where the Navy had no existing communications infrastructure. She was extensively reconstructed for this purpose, receiving thirty radio transmitters, five antenna towers, and teletype equipment. One of the main benefits *Annapolis* provided was significantly greater capacity to route radio frequencies during crises, since the volume of radio traffic frequently overwhelmed the radio frequencies that were available on normal ship-to-ship and ship-to-shore equipment. The ship underwent acceptance trials in 1964 that included trial of her new systems during Operation Steel Pike, which saw a combined Spanis and American fleet of some eighty ships operate in joint training maneuvers. She was pronounced ready for active service with the Atlantic Fleet on 16 December 1964.

*Annapolis* spent the first half of 1965 participating in routine training operations on the East Coast, operating out of Norfolk. On 28 June, she was transferred to the Pacific Fleet, based in Long Beach, California. By September, she was ready to deploy to Southeast Asia as part of Seventh Fleet to support the forces then fighting the Vietnam War. In addition to communications support, the ship also assisted with cryptographic work. The ship was awarded a Meritorious Unit Commendation for her service during the period from 9 January 1967 to 29 January 1968. She remained on station in the region for four years, during which time she made periodic visits to Hong Kong, Formosa, and the Philippines to provide periods of rest for her crew. She also underwent overhauls at Yokosuka. On 9 April 1969, she left East Asia to return to the United States. During her four years supporting forces in the Vietnam War, she was awarded eight battle stars.

Rather than cross the Pacific, *Annapolis* sailed west, passing through the Indian Ocean an stopping in Mauritius and Portuguese Angola in early May. She rounded the Cape of Good Hope and stopped in Dakar, Senegal, before crossing the equator on 19 May. She continued north to Lisbon, Portugal, and Rota, Spain, and then entered the Mediterranean to operate with Sixth Fleet for two months. She finally departed for the United States on 29 August, stopping first at Norfolk and then arriving in Philadelphia on 1 October. The ship was decommissioned there on 20 December and returned to the Atlantic Reserve Fleet. She was struck from the Naval Vessel Register a second time, on 15 October 1972, but lingered on until 19 December 1979, when she was sold to the Union Minerals & Alloys Corp. to be broken up.

* "Annapolis III (AGMR-1)". *Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships*. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2024. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
* Friedman, Norman (1986). "United States of America". In Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal (eds.). *Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921*. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 105–133. ISBN 978-0-85177-245-5.
* Friedman, Norman (1983). *U.S. Aircraft Carriers: An Illustrated Design History*. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-739-5.
* "Gilbert Islands (CVE-107)". *Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships*. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command. 20 June 2023. Retrieved 27 April 2024. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
* Silverstone, Paul H. (2012). *The Navy of World War II, 1922–1947*. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-86472-9.
* Stille, Mark (2017). *US Navy Escort Carriers 1942–45*. London: Osprey. ISBN 9781472818126.

## InfoBox

| USS *Gilbert Islands* in 1945 | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | *Gilbert Islands* |
| Namesake | Gilbert Islands campaign |
| Builder | Todd Pacific Shipyards |
| Laid down | 29 November 1943 |
| Launched | 20 July 1944 |
| Commissioned | 5 February 1945 |
| Decommissioned | 15 January 1955 |
| Stricken | June 1961 |
| Recommissioned | 7 March 1964 |
| Renamed | USS *Annapolis*, 22 June 1963 |
| Stricken | 15 October 1976 |
| Fate | Sold for scrapping 1 November 1979 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *Commencement Bay*-class escort carrier |
| Displacement | 21,397 long tons (21,740 ) |
| Length | 557 ft 1 in (169.80 m) loa |
| Beam | 75 ft (23 m) |
| Draft | 32 ft (9.8 m) |
| Installed power |  |
| Propulsion |  |
| Speed | 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph) |
| Complement | 1,066 |
| Armament |  |
| Aircraft carried | 33 |
| Aviation facilities | 2 × aircraft catapults |


title: USS Giansar

abstract: USS Giansar (AK-111) was a Crater-class cargo ship originally laid down as the liberty ship SS Thomas Ewing. The ship was taken over by the United States Navy and renamed in 1943. After being decommissioned in 1945, Giansar was returned to the Maritime Commission. She was scrapped in 1963. The ship's original name honored Thomas Ewing, an American politician from Virginia. The name Giansar is a former name of the star λ Draconis in the constellation Draco now spelled Giausar. Giansar was launched under Maritime Commission contract 19 January 1943 by the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation in Portland, Oregon. She was sponsored by Mrs. Harry A. Dick and acquired by the US Navy on 5 October 1943. Giansar was commissioned on 29 October 1943. Giansar sailed from Los Angeles, California 10 November 1943 to deliver aircraft to Pago Pago, Samoa, and general cargo to Funafuti atoll, Ellice Islands. She then proceeded with 500 pound bombs to Namomea in the Gilberts. After transport of landing craft from Apamama to Tarawa, she returned to Pearl Harbor 1 February 1944. She departed 10 February with tanks, guns, trucks and gasoline for Majuro, returning 12 March with more than 125 passengers. She made a similar voyage carrying general cargo and mail to Majuro and Kwajalein. Giansar departed Pearl Harbor 21 May 1944 and put in at San Francisco 8 days later with salvaged aviation material and 123 passengers. In a round trip voyage from San Francisco, she transported vehicles, supplies and other cargo to Pearl Harbor, Eniwetok, Saipan and Guam. A similar voyage was made for delivery of provisions to Hawaii, Ulithi and Guam. She returned to Los Angeles 9 February with 130 sailors. Giansar departed Los Angeles on her last logistic cruise 1 March 1945. Proceeding via Hawaii and the Marshalls, she unloaded cargo at Ulithi, thence to San Pedro Bay in the Philippines where she arrived 25 May 1945. She remained there 3 months, discharging foodstuffs, store stock and medical supplies are required. After a voyage to Ulithi and return, she departed San Pedro Bay 28 August for return to Seattle, Washington, 28 September 1945. Giansar arrived at San Francisco 18 October, departing 2 days later for Norfolk, Virginia. She moored at Hampton Roads, Virginia 8 November and decommissioned at Norfolk 28 November 1945. She was returned to the Maritime Commission in the same day. Her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register 19 December 1945.

text:
# USS Giansar

**USS *Giansar* (AK-111)** was a *Crater*-class cargo ship originally laid down as the liberty ship SS *Thomas Ewing*. The ship was taken over by the United States Navy and renamed in 1943. After being decommissioned in 1945, *Giansar* was returned to the Maritime Commission. She was scrapped in 1963. The ship's original name honored Thomas Ewing, an American politician from Virginia. The name *Giansar* is a former name of the star λ Draconis in the constellation Draco now spelled *Giausar*.

*Giansar* was launched under Maritime Commission contract 19 January 1943 by the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation in Portland, Oregon. She was sponsored by Mrs. Harry A. Dick and acquired by the US Navy on 5 October 1943. *Giansar* was commissioned on 29 October 1943.

*Giansar* sailed from Los Angeles, California 10 November 1943 to deliver aircraft to Pago Pago, Samoa, and general cargo to Funafuti atoll, Ellice Islands. She then proceeded with 500 pound bombs to Namomea in the Gilberts. After transport of landing craft from Apamama to Tarawa, she returned to Pearl Harbor 1 February 1944. She departed 10 February with tanks, guns, trucks and gasoline for Majuro, returning 12 March with more than 125 passengers. She made a similar voyage (13 March – 19 May) carrying general cargo and mail to Majuro and Kwajalein.

*Giansar* departed Pearl Harbor 21 May 1944 and put in at San Francisco 8 days later with salvaged aviation material and 123 passengers. In a round trip voyage from San Francisco (9 June – 28 September), she transported vehicles, supplies and other cargo to Pearl Harbor, Eniwetok, Saipan and Guam. A similar voyage was made (31 October 1944 – 9 February 1945) for delivery of provisions to Hawaii, Ulithi and Guam. She returned to Los Angeles 9 February with 130 sailors.

*Giansar* departed Los Angeles on her last logistic cruise 1 March 1945. Proceeding via Hawaii and the Marshalls, she unloaded cargo at Ulithi, thence to San Pedro Bay in the Philippines where she arrived 25 May 1945. She remained there 3 months, discharging foodstuffs, store stock and medical supplies are required. After a voyage to Ulithi and return (13–25 August), she departed San Pedro Bay 28 August for return to Seattle, Washington, 28 September 1945.

*Giansar* arrived at San Francisco 18 October, departing 2 days later for Norfolk, Virginia. She moored at Hampton Roads, Virginia 8 November and decommissioned at Norfolk 28 November 1945. She was returned to the Maritime Commission in the same day. Her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register 19 December 1945.

## InfoBox

| USS *Giansar* (AK-111) (broadside view) at anchor off San Francisco, 8 November 1943. | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | * *Thomas Ewing* * *Giansar* |
| Namesake |  |
| Ordered | as a type (EC2-S-C1) hull, MCE hull 625, SS *Thomas Ewing* |
| Builder | Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation, Portland, Oregon |
| Laid down | 27 December 1942 |
| Launched | 19 January 1943 |
| Sponsored by | Mrs. Harry A. Dick |
| Acquired | 5 October 1943 |
| Commissioned | 29 October 1943 |
| Decommissioned | 28 November 1945 |
| Stricken | 19 December 1945 |
| Identification | Hull symbol:AK-111 |
| Fate | Sold for scrapping to Bethlehem Steel Corp, 31 July 1961, scrapping completed, 24 April 1963 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *Crater*-class cargo ship |
| Displacement | * 4,023 long tons (4,088 t) (standard) * 14,550 long tons (14,780 t) (full load) |
| Length | 441 ft 6 in (134.57 m) |
| Beam | 56 ft 11 in (17.35 m) |
| Draft | 28 ft 4 in (8.64 m) |
| Installed power |  |
| Propulsion |  |
| Speed | 12.5 kn (23.2 km/h; 14.4 mph) |
| Complement | 254 |
| Armament |  |


title: USS Gillette (DE-681)

abstract: USS Gillette (DE-681) was a Buckley-class destroyer escort of the United States Navy in service from 1943 to 1947. She was finally scrapped in 1973.

text:
# USS Gillette (DE-681)

**USS *Gillette* (DE-681)** was a *Buckley*-class destroyer escort of the United States Navy in service from 1943 to 1947. She was finally scrapped in 1973.

## Namesake

Douglas Wiley Gillette was born on 10 September 1918 in Wilmington, North Carolina. He enlisted in the United States Naval Reserve on 5 March 1936. After serving at Naval Station Norfolk, on the USS *McDongal* and after studying at the United States Naval Academy and Northwestern University, he was commissioned Ensign on 12 September 1941. Ordered to active duty on the carrier USS *Hornet* on 17 November 1941, he was appointed Lieutenant (junior grade) (temporary). He was killed in action in the Battle of Santa Cruz Islands on 26 October 1942.

## History

The ship launched on 25 September 1943 by the Bethlehem Steel Co.'s Fore River Shipyard, Quincy, Massachusetts; sponsored by Mrs. Pearl M. Gillette, the namesake's mother; and commissioned on 27 October 1943.

### Battle of the Atlantic

After shakedown off Bermuda, *Gillette* sailed from Boston on 2 January 1944 for Balboa, C.Z., where for four months she conducted intensive exercises with submarines and escorted a convoy to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and returned. She sailed 9 May for Puerto Limon, Costa Rica, on a good-will tour and visited Barranquilla, Colombia, as well before returning to Boston 2 June.

From 4 July 1944 to 18 February 1945, *Gillette* made four round trip transatlantic escort voyages – three out of Hampton Roads and one from New York – to Oran and United Kingdom ports protecting Allied shipping. She subsequently served as a submarine training ship at New London, Connecticut, until 14 April 1945.

### Pacific War

On 14 April 1945, she sailed for Hollandia via Borabora and Manus, and escorted a convoy thence to Manila, where she put in 17 June. Patrol and escort duties in the Philippines and to Ulithi occupied the busy ship until 6 August, when she sailed for Okinawa and returned as convoy escort to Subic Bay on 17 August. Following a round trip escort voyage from Subic Bay to Tokyo and return, *Gillette* continued patrol and logistics duties in the Philippines until departing Subic Bay on 26 November for San Diego, Calif., where she moored on 17 December 1945.

*Gillette* remained at San Diego until decommissioned there 3 February 1947 and placed in reserve with the Pacific group at San Diego.

### Fate

*Gillette* was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 December 1972, sold on for scrapping on 11 September 1973.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Laid down | 24 August 1943 |
| Launched | 25 September 1943 |
| Commissioned | 27 October 1943 |
| Decommissioned | 3 February 1947 |
| Stricken | 1 December 1972 |
| Fate | Sold for scrap 11 September 1973 |
| General characteristics | |
| Displacement |  |
| Length | 306 ft 0 in (93.27 m) |
| Beam | 36 ft 9 in (11.20 m) |
| Draft | 13 ft 6 in (4.11 m) |
| Propulsion | * GE turbo-electric drive, * 12,000 shp (8.9 MW) * two propellers |
| Speed | 24 knots (44 km/h) |
| Range | 4,940 nautical miles (9,150 km) at 12 knots (22 km/h) |
| Complement | 15 officers, 198 men |
| Armament |  |


title: Magoichi Tawara

abstract: Magoichi Tawara was a bureaucrat, politician and cabinet minister in the pre-war Empire of Japan. Tawara was born in what is now part of the city of Hamada in Shimane Prefecture Japan. The Tawara family had been making soy sauce and candles in Hamada for generations. He graduated from the law department of Tokyo Imperial University in 1895, and became an official in the Home Ministry. He worked as an official in four different prefectural governments over the next eleven years. His first was Okinawa, where he was instrumental in writing laws on land reform and establishing a tax system, bringing the former Kingdom of the Ryukyus closer to legal assimilation with mainland Japan. In January 1906 he was transferred to a position in the newly created Regency General of Korea. Resident-General of Korea. In April he was assigned to oversee the Korean Education Ministry. In August 1907 he was named Vice-Minister of Education. He subsequently assisted in the first land survey of Korea under Japanese rule in 1910. After returning to Japan, he was appointed as Governor of Mie Prefecture (1912–1914), Governor of Miyazaki Prefecture (1914–1915), Governor of Hokkaido (1915–1919), and served as a senior official within the Ministry of Colonial Affairs. Tawara was elected to the Lower House of the Diet of Japan in the 1924 General Election, under the Kenseikai banner. He later changed his political party affiliation to the Rikken Minseitō, and was reelected for six terms. He served as Secretary-General of the party in 1929. In 1929, Prime Minister Osachi Hamaguchi picked Tawara as Minister of Commerce and Industry. After his term expired in April 1931, he continued to play an important role in the Diet and in the general administration of the Rikken Minseitō. As with all other Japanese politicians, Tawara was forced to join the Taisei Yokusankai created by Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe in 1940. However, Tawara was defeated in the 1942 General Election and retired from public life. He died in 1944 at the age of 77.

text:
# Magoichi Tawara

**Magoichi Tawara** (俵 孫一, *Tawara Magoichi*, 16 June 1869 – 17 June 1944) was a bureaucrat, politician and cabinet minister in the pre-war Empire of Japan.

Tawara was born in what is now part of the city of Hamada in Shimane Prefecture Japan. The Tawara family had been making soy sauce and candles in Hamada for generations. He graduated from the law department of Tokyo Imperial University in 1895, and became an official in the Home Ministry. He worked as an official in four different prefectural governments over the next eleven years. His first was Okinawa, where he was instrumental in writing laws on land reform and establishing a tax system, bringing the former Kingdom of the Ryukyus closer to legal assimilation with mainland Japan. In January 1906 he was transferred to a position in the newly created Regency General of Korea. Resident-General of Korea. In April he was assigned to oversee the Korean Education Ministry. In August 1907 he was named Vice-Minister of Education. He subsequently assisted in the first land survey of Korea under Japanese rule in 1910. After returning to Japan, he was appointed as Governor of Mie Prefecture (1912–1914), Governor of Miyazaki Prefecture (1914–1915), Governor of Hokkaido (1915–1919), and served as a senior official within the Ministry of Colonial Affairs. Tawara was elected to the Lower House of the Diet of Japan in the 1924 General Election, under the *Kenseikai* banner. He later changed his political party affiliation to the Rikken Minseitō, and was reelected for six terms. He served as Secretary-General of the party in 1929.

In 1929, Prime Minister Osachi Hamaguchi picked Tawara as Minister of Commerce and Industry. After his term expired in April 1931, he continued to play an important role in the Diet and in the general administration of the Rikken Minseitō. As with all other Japanese politicians, Tawara was forced to join the *Taisei Yokusankai* created by Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe in 1940. However, Tawara was defeated in the 1942 General Election and retired from public life. He died in 1944 at the age of 77.

* Fletcher, William. *Japanese Business Community and National Trade Policy*, 1920-1942. University of North Carolina Press (1989). ISBN 0-8078-1847-X
* Samuels, Richard J. *Rich Nation, Strong Army: National Security and the Technological Transformation of Japan*, Cornell University Press (1996). ISBN 0-8014-9994-1

## InfoBox

| Magoichi Tawara
俵 孫一 | |
| --- | --- |
| Magoichi Tawara | |
| Born | (1869-06-16)June 16, 1869
Hamada, Shimane, Japan |
| Died | June 17, 1944(1944-06-17) (aged 75) |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Occupation(s) | bureaucrat, politician, cabinet minister |


title: Orfa Jean Shontz

abstract: Orfa Jean Shontz was an American attorney and Municipal Judge. She was the first female referee of the Juvenile Court of Los Angeles County. She was the first female in California to "sit on the bench and administer justice".

text:
# Orfa Jean Shontz

**Orfa Jean Shontz** (November 1, 1876 – May 6, 1954) was an American attorney and Municipal Judge. She was the first female referee of the Juvenile Court of Los Angeles County. She was the first female in California to "sit on the bench and administer justice".

## Early life

Orfa Jean Shontz was born on November 1, 1876, in Avoca, Iowa, the daughter of Benjamin Biehn Shontz and Jean Anderson Collins. She was the seventh of eight children. Her father was born in Plattsville, Ontario, Canada and was of German Mennonite descent. Her mother was born in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada and was of Scottish descent.

She graduated from Ames College (now Iowa State University) in Iowa. She moved to California in 1911. She studied law at the University of Southern California.

## Career

From 1911 to 1914, while still a law student, she became one of the first female probation officers of the Los Angeles County Juvenile Court.

She was admitted to the bar in 1913, one year before her graduation. She was a practicing attorney by 1913. Her office was at 1030 Citizen's National Bank Building in Los Angeles, California. From 1914 to 1915 she was secretary to the Los Angeles County Probate Court.

From 1915 to 1920 she was woman's department referee of the Juvenile Court of Los Angeles County; she was the first female referee of the Los Angeles Juvenile Court. She created an all-female court, with a homelike atmosphere, to make women feel comfortable, and especially girls involved in sex cases to have the privacy she felt they were entitled to. In 1918 she was a primary candidate for the Los Angeles County Superior Court election. When she resigned from the Juvenile Court in 1920, her position was taken over by Miriam Van Waters, her close friend.

In 1920 she was named City Clerk of Los Angeles but resigned soon to enter private law practice. In 1932 she was named deputy city attorney. In 1934 she won the general election in California for the State Board of Equalization District 4 for the Democratic Party, 48.3% against 47%, serving a four-year term. She was the first woman to serve on this board, which is charged with tax administration for the state.

On December 13, 1935, Governor Frank Merriam appointed her to a vacancy on the Municipal Court. From 1935 to 1947 she was Municipal Judge of the Los Angeles Municipal Court. In April 1941, First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt sat in with her on her bench in her courtroom.

## Memberships

Shontz sat on the board of directors of the Woman's Athletic Club. She was also president of the Business and Professional Woman's Club and a member of the board of managers of the Los Angeles Business Girls' Club. She held memberships in the Artland Club, P.E.O. Sisterhood, Woman Lawyers' Club, State Bar Association, Los Angeles League of Women Voters, and Phi Delta Delta.

## Personal life

Shontz moved to California in 1911. In the 1920s Shontz, Van Waters, Van Waters' friends Sara Fisher and Emily "Pole" Reynolds, a teacher of psychology at the University of California, Los Angeles, and Elizabeth "Bess" Woods, founder of the educational-research department for the Los Angeles Board of Education, all lived in a group of residences called the Colony, between Los Angeles and Pasadena. When the Colony burned down, Van Waters, Woods, and Shontz rented a house in Glendale that they called the "Stone House". At the time of her death, Shontz was living at 3518 Carnation Avenue, Los Angeles.

She died on May 6, 1954, aged 77, and is buried at Inglewood Park Cemetery.


title: Piotr Konieczka

abstract: Piotr Konieczka was a Polish Army soldier. He is considered by some historians to have been the first Polish soldier to die in World War II.

text:
# Piotr Konieczka

**Piotr Konieczka** (29 April 1901 – 1 September 1939) was a Polish Army soldier. He is considered by some historians to have been the first Polish soldier to die in World War II.

## Biography

Piotr Konieczka was born in the village of Czarże near Chełmno. He moved with his family to Brodna in Greater Poland where he bought a three-hectare farm. He was mobilized in the spring of 1939. On the night of 31 August to 1 September, he served in a platoon sent to strengthen the Jeziorki border checkpoint. After 1:00 am the checkpoint was attacked by the German diversion squad. Around 1:40 am Konieczka, left alone operating a machine gun, was bashed to death with rifle butts.

According to Polish historians, Konieczka may have been the first Polish soldier killed during the invasion. A historian confirmed from records that Konieczka was the first war victim in the Greater Poland region. While the attack was not by regular Wehrmacht soldiers, it was considered to be part of the war, because the attackers did not retreat back to German territory, as was happening with earlier acts of German sabotage against Poland.

In 2009, a monument was erected to him in Jeziorki.

On 14 September 2010, he was posthumously awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta.

## InfoBox

| Piotr Konieczka | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1901-04-29)29 April 1901
Czarże, German Empire |
| Died | 1 September 1939(1939-09-01) (aged 38)
Jeziorki, Poland |
| Years of service | 1939 |
| Rank | Corporal |
| Battles/wars | German invasion of Poland |
| Awards | Order of Polonia Restituta |


title: Piper J. Drake

abstract: Piper J. Drake is a Thai American author and podcast personality. She has also written as PJ Schnyder.

text:
# Piper J. Drake

**Piper J. Drake** (born September 15, 1976, in New York State) is a Thai American author and podcast personality. She has also written as PJ Schnyder.

## Early life

She studied at Trenton State College and graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Biology. She began a career in life sciences and graduated from Temple University with a Master of Science in Quality Assurance/Regulatory Affairs.

## Career

Piper J. Drake (or "PJ") began her writing career in 2010 as "PJ Schnyder" writing award-winning science fiction & paranormal romance and steampunk.

Her first podcast credit came from narrating her own short story written as PJ Schnyder, *A Swan in Siam*, for Tales from the Archives Vol. 2 set in the world of The Ministry of Peculiar Occurrences created by Tee Morris and Philippa Ballantine. She has provided her voice to episodes of The Voice of Free Planet X by Jared Axelrod. She appears as a guest on The Shared Desk by Tee Morris and Philippa Ballantine occasionally and is co-host of MangoRicePod with her partner, Matthew J. Drake.

In 2015, she began writing romantic suspense as Piper J. Drake. She debuted in the genre with the Safeguard series, published by Carina Press. Her True Heroes series, published by Hachette Book Group's Grand Central Publishing's Forever imprint, launched in 2016.

In 2017, Drake joined the cast of Writing Excuses as a host for season 12. She also launched 20 Minute Delay, a podcast on travel co-hosted with Gail Carriger.

Recognized by the Romance Writers of America in 2018 as a Romance Trailblazer, having written the first Own Voices Thai (Southeast Asian) romance.

Surprise guest with TypecastRPG on Twitch in July 2020, she joined the cast in 2021.

## Publications

### Novels

* *Heart's Sentinel* written as PJ Schnyder, Carina Press, 2010, ISBN 1936394421
* *Fighting Kat* written as PJ Schnyder, Carina Press, 2014, ASIN: B00F942UCI
* *Hidden Impact*, Carina Press, 2015, ISBN 978-1335932297
* *Extreme Honor*, Forever – Hachette Book Group, 2016, ISBN 978-1455536047
* *Deadly Testimony*, Carina Press, 2016, ISBN 978-1335013118
* *Ultimate Courage*, Forever – Hachette Book Group, 2016, ISBN 978-1455536054
* *Absolute Trust*, Forever – Hachette Book Group, 2016, ISBN 978-1455536085
* *Contracted Defense*, Carina Press, 2017, ISBN 978-1335895677
* *Total Bravery*, Hachette Book Group, 2018, ISBN 978-1538759530
* *Fierce Justice*, Hachette Book Group, 2019, ISBN 978-1538759578
* *Forever Strong*, Hachette Book Group, 2020, ISBN 978-1538759608
* *Wings Once Cursed & Bound*, Sourcebooks Casablanca, 2023, ISBN 978-1492683865

### Novellas

* *Red's Wolf* written as PJ Schnyder, Decadent Publishing, 2010, ISBN 978-1-936394-18-0
* *Evie's Gift* written as PJ Schnyder, Decadent Publishing, 2010, ISBN 978-1-936394-51-7
* *Hunting Kat* written as PJ Schnyder, Carina Press, 2011, ASIN: B005078OME
* *Bite Me* written as PJ Schnyder, Carina Press, 2011, ASIN: B005078OME
* *Sing for the Dead* written as PJ Schnyder, Carina Press, 2011, ASIN: B005078OME
* *Survive to Dawn* written as PJ Schnyder, Carina Press, 2011, ASIN: B005078OME
* *Siren's Calling (The Sea King's Daughters Book 4)*, 2018, ASIN: B07FWSWV5T
* *Gaming Grace (Gone Wild Book 2)*, 2020, ASIN: B081155LZ1

### Short stories

* *A Swan in Siam* written as PJ Schnyder, Tales from the Archives, 2013
* *Winter Valor*, True Heroes short story in 2016
* *A Calamity of Crows* written as PJ Schnyder, Tales from the Archives, releasing in 2017

## Awards and recognition

* 2014 Prism Award from Futuristic, Fantasy and Paranormal Chapter of the RWA for *Sing for the Dead* written as PJ Schnyder
* 2013 Golden Leaf Award from New Jersey Romance Writers for *Bite Me* written as PJ Schnyder
* 2013 Parsec Award winner for Best Speculative Fiction: Small Cast (Short Form)

## InfoBox

| Piper J. Drake | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1976-09-15) September 15, 1976
New York City, U.S. |
| Occupation | Author, podcast personality |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | Trenton State College (BS)
Temple University (MS) |
| Website | |
| piperjdrake.com | |


title: Piperolactam A

abstract: Piperolactam A is a natural product alkaloid found in many plants and first isolated from roots of Piper longum. As a group, such compounds are called aristolactams, and are related to aristolochic acid.

text:
# Piperolactam A

**Piperolactam A** is a natural product alkaloid found in many plants and first isolated from roots of *Piper longum* (long pepper). As a group, such compounds are called aristolactams, and are related to aristolochic acid.

## History

Piperolactam A was first reported in 1988 after isolation from an extract of *Piper longum*. Many closely related natural product alkaloids are known including aristolochic acid and its lactam derivatives. In some reports, piperolactam A is called aristolactam FI.

## Synthesis

### Biosynthesis

It has been suggested that piperolactam A and related compounds are biosynthesised from aporphine precursors.

### Chemical synthesis

Aristolactams including piperolactam A have been the subject of chemical synthesis studies, which have been reviewed.

## Natural occurrence

Piperolactam A and related compounds are found in *Aristolochiaceae* (birthwort), *Annonaceae* (custard apple), *Piperaceae* (pepper), and *Saururaceae* plant families.

## InfoBox

Piperolactam A
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name 1-Hydroxy-2-methoxydibenzo\[*cd*,*f*\]indol-4(5*H*)-one | |
| Other names Aristolactam FI | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChEBI |  |
| ChEMBL |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C16H11NO3/c1-20-12-7-10-13-11(17-16(10)19)6-8-4-2-3-5-9(8)14(13)15(12)18/h2-7,18H,1H3,(H,17,19) YKey: KBGNBPGXVKPRQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
| SMILES * COC1=CC2=C3C(NC2=O)=CC2=C(C=CC=C2)C3=C1O | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C16H11NO3 |
| Molar mass | 265.268 g·mol−1 |
| Melting point | 313 °C (595 °F; 586 K) |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


title: Pingguoyuan station

abstract: Pingguoyuan station is a station on Line 1, Line 6 and Line S1 of the Beijing Subway, located in Pingguoyuan Subdistrict, Shijingshan District, Beijing. The station for Line 1 was opened on April 23, 1973. Pingguoyuan station on Line 1 is closed for renovation from April 18, 2020 to 2025. The station for Line 6 and Line S1 was opened on December 31, 2021. The Line 1 station and Line 6 station are underground, and the Line S1 station is elevated.

text:
# Pingguoyuan station

**Pingguoyuan station** (simplified Chinese: 苹果园站; traditional Chinese: 蘋果園站; pinyin: *Píngguǒyuán zhàn*) is a station on Line 1, Line 6 and Line S1 of the Beijing Subway, located in Pingguoyuan Subdistrict, Shijingshan District, Beijing.

The station for Line 1 was opened on April 23, 1973. Pingguoyuan station on Line 1 is closed for renovation from April 18, 2020 to 2025. The station for Line 6 and Line S1 was opened on December 31, 2021.

The Line 1 station and Line 6 station are underground, and the Line S1 station is elevated.

## Station layout

Platform panorama of Line 1 Pingguoyuan station.

The line 1 of Pingguoyuan station has two underground side platforms and both are the only two platforms of Beijing Subway stations that haven't installed platform gates due to the aging of platform devices.

The station for Line 1 is closed for renovation, and the platform gates will be installed after the renovation is finished.

Line 6 has an underground island platform and Line S1 has 2 elevated side platforms.

## Exits

There are 4 exits, lettered A, B, C, and D. All exits have a stairlift. These exits are temporarily closed due to the renovation of Line 1.

There are 6 other exits, lettered E, F, G, H, I and J. Currently exits E, F, H, I and J are operational. Exits F and G are accessible via elevators, whilst exit H has a stairlift.

### Line 1

### Line 6 & Line S1

## InfoBox

| Pingguoyuan
苹果园 | |
| --- | --- |
| Line 6 platform

Line S1 originating platform | |
| General information | |
| Location | Pingguoyuan South Road (苹果园南路)
Pingguoyuan Subdistrict, Shijingshan District, Beijing
China |
| Coordinates | 39°55′36″N 116°10′39″E / 39.926727°N 116.177388°E / 39.926727; 116.177388 |
| Operated by | Beijing Mass Transit Railway Operation Corp., Ltd |
| Line(s) | Line 1 (under renovation)
Line 6
Line S1 |
| Platforms | 6 (1 island platform and 2 side platforms, 2 side platforms under renovation) |
| Tracks | 6 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Underground (Line 1 & Line 6)
Elevated (Line S1) |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Status | in service (Lines 6 & S1)
Service suspended until 2025 (Line 1) |
| Station code | 103 (Line 1) |
| History | |
| Opened | April 23, 1973 (1973-04-23) (Line 1)
December 31, 2021 (2021-12-31) (Lines 6 and S1) |
| Closed | April 18, 2020 (2020-04-18) (Line 1) (for renovation until 2025) |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Beijing Subway Following station  Jin'anqiaoTerminus  Line 6  Yangzhuangtowards Lucheng  Jin'anqiaotowards Shichang  Line S1  *Terminus* | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  PingguoyuanLocation in Beijing | |


title: Pipe (car)

abstract: Pipe was a Belgian automobile manufacturer founded by the brothers Alfred and Victor Goldschmidt. The company was also known as Compagnie Belge de Construction Automobiles. In 1900 they presented their first car in Brussels under the name Pipe. This model was similar to cars made by Panhard & Levassor. This Pipe car was powered by a two-cylinder engine. In 1901, a sporty model was made, the Pipe 15 CV, with a four-cylinder engine. This model was a good design to use in racing, and was used in the Paris to Berlin race. Pipe also built cars with more powerful engines, such as the Pipe 90 CV from 1903, and the Pipe 60 CV from 1904. The latter model had a 13.5-litre four-cylinder engine. In 1907, over 300 cars of the types 28, 50 and 80 CV were sold. Because of this, Pipe became one of the largest Belgian car manufacturers. Pipe cars were not only sold in Belgium, but they were exported to many different countries. During the First World War, the factory was partly destroyed. Only in 1921 did it resume car manufacture. In that year, Pipe presented two new models, with 3.0 and 9.0 litre, but these models were presented badly. The management decided to switch to the manufacture of trucks instead. Under the Bovy-Pipe label, trucks were built and sold until 1950. But the company had already been taken over by Brossel in 1930.

text:
# Pipe (car)

**Pipe** was a Belgian automobile manufacturer founded by the brothers Alfred and Victor Goldschmidt. The company was also known as Compagnie Belge de Construction Automobiles.

In 1900 they presented their first car in Brussels under the name Pipe. This model was similar to cars made by Panhard & Levassor. This Pipe car was powered by a two-cylinder engine.

In 1901, a sporty model was made, the Pipe 15 CV, with a four-cylinder engine. This model was a good design to use in racing, and was used in the Paris to Berlin race. Pipe also built cars with more powerful engines, such as the Pipe 90 CV from 1903, and the Pipe 60 CV from 1904. The latter model had a 13.5-litre four-cylinder engine.

In 1907, over 300 cars of the types 28, 50 and 80 CV were sold. Because of this, Pipe became one of the largest Belgian car manufacturers. Pipe cars were not only sold in Belgium, but they were exported to many different countries.

During the First World War, the factory was partly destroyed. Only in 1921 did it resume car manufacture. In that year, Pipe presented two new models, with 3.0 and 9.0 litre, but these models were presented badly. The management decided to switch to the manufacture of trucks instead. Under the Bovy-Pipe label, trucks were built and sold until 1950. But the company had already been taken over by Brossel in 1930.

* Pipe car postcard(1st box)-
* more detailed PIPE history (in French only)-


title: Pipe organ tuning

text:
# Pipe organ tuning

This article describes the process and techniques involved in the tuning of a pipe organ. Electronic organs typically do not require tuning.

A pipe organ produces sound via hundreds or thousands of organ pipes, each of which produces a single pitch and timbre. The goal of tuning a pipe organ is to adjust the pitch of each pipe so that they all sound in tune with each other.

## Pitch

For many years, there was no pitch standard across Europe. The frequency of a (the standard note for tuning musical instruments), for example, could range from a=392 Hz in parts of France to a=465 Hz (*Cornet-ton* pitch) in parts of Germany. Organs were often tuned differently than ensembles, even within the same region or town. The modern tuning standard of a=440 Hz (c=262 Hz) was proposed in 1939, and accepted by the International Organization for Standardization (as *ISO 16*) in 1955 and again in 1975.

## Process

The first task of an organ tuner is to select a temperament. Generally speaking, the temperament of a pipe organ is part of its design, and is not lightly changed during its lifetime. Equal temperament is very common, but by no means universal. Along with the temperament goes the overall concert pitch of the instrument, often A=440 Hz in modern instruments, but this also is far from universal. The pitch of an organ cannot be significantly changed without major work, as pipes need to be shortened or lengthened.

Another important preparation step is to stabilize the temperature of the building in which the organ resides. Ideally, the temperature should be the same as that at which the organ will be typically used, and the temperature should have been stable for many hours before beginning the tuning. The reason for this is that the pitch of organ pipes varies significantly with temperature, and not all pipes vary at the same rate relative to temperature.

The actual tuning process begins with the tuning of the "tuning stop", the stop to which most or all other stops will be tuned in turn. The tuning stop is usually the 4 ft Octave or Principal (Diapason) in each division. The middle octave is usually tuned first, either by ear, or using some sort of electronic tuning device. The rest of the tuning stop is tuned to itself, in octaves. That is, tenor C is tuned to middle C, tenor D to middle D, and so forth.

Once the tuning stop is fully in tune with itself, the rest of the stops are tuned. Most stops are tuned to the tuning stop, though some stops are more easily tuned to stops other than a 4 ft Principal.

## Tools and techniques

The most common tuning tool is called a "tuning knife". It is a piece of metal used to tap gently on the tuning mechanism of a pipe, so as to avoid touching the pipe with the hands.

The techniques for tuning flue pipes vary with the construction of the pipe:

* An open metal pipe usually has a sliding collar ("tuning slide") at the top of the pipe that can be moved to change the pitch.
* An open wooden pipe may have a metal flap partially covering its top, which can be rolled or unrolled, or bent upward or downward.
* On a slotted metal pipe, some or all of the metal cut out to make the slot is rolled up so the slot can effectively be shortened or lengthened, thus changing the pitch of the pipe.
* On a slotted wooden pipe, a wooden slider is provided to shorten or lengthen the slot.
* A stopped pipe (wood or metal) is usually tuned by moving its stopper up or down.
* A capped pipe is usually tuned by moving its cap up or down.
* A conical metal pipe will sometimes have a tuning slide, but often is tuned by moving the large ears on either side of the pipe's mouth.
* Small metal pipes are often "cone tuned", whereby the top of each pipe is deformed inward or outward using a heavy hollow cone. Such tuning is extremely stable, but causes gradual damage to the pipe over time.

Reed pipes may be tuned in any of several ways: (1) by lengthening or shortening the vibrating length of the reed tongue by means of a wire protruding from the boot of the pipe; (2) by adjusting the effective speaking length of the resonator; (3) by adjusting the metal flap in the side of the resonator or the cap on the top of the pipe (especially with fractional length pipes). All of these methods can also affect the tonal regulation of the pipe, so tuning reed pipes is trickier than tuning flue pipes.

## Miscellaneous

Organ pipes are so sensitive to temperature that the body heat of the organ tuner can affect the tuning. If one holds a small metal flue pipe briefly in one's hand and then returns it to the chest (windchest), its pitch (relative to a tuning reference) can be heard to change as the pipe returns to room temperature.

If two pipes of the same pitch stand close to each other on the chest, they can draw each other into tune, even though their pitches are slightly off when played individually.

The pitch of very low-pitched pipes (in the 16 ft and 32 ft octaves) can be inaudible close to the pipe.

Organ tuners often listen for beats between harmonics rather than the fundamentals. The audibility of these harmonics is extremely sensitive to the position of one's ears relative to the pipes. Eliminating the beats brings the pipe into tune.

Humidity is a factor in maintaining wooden pipes. Many churches use humidifiers/dehumidifiers in an attempt to keep the organ loft from drying or becoming too moist. These devices must be carefully monitored and managed to avoid creating the opposite problem.

In fact, controlling the climate around a pipe organ can have a significant impact on its tuning and maintenance schedule. For example, while many pipe organs require tuning or other maintenance more than once a year, the Marcussen pipe organ on the campus of Wichita State University in Kansas is carefully kept at 72 degrees Fahrenheit and 50% humidity year round and requires tuning and maintenance only once every four years. Its Danish caretakers credit meticulous climate control.


title: Placosaris steelei

abstract: Placosaris steelei is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Eugene G. Munroe and Akira Mutuura in 1970. It is found in Myanmar.

text:
# Placosaris steelei

***Placosaris steelei*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Eugene G. Munroe and Akira Mutuura in 1970. It is found in Myanmar.

## InfoBox

| *Placosaris steelei* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Placosaris* |
| Species: | ***P. steelei*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Placosaris steelei***<br>Munroe & Mutuura, 1970 | |
|


title: Placosoma (fungus)

abstract: Placosoma is a genus of fungi in the Asterinaceae family. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown, and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any order.

text:
# Placosoma (fungus)

***Placosoma*** is a genus of fungi in the Asterinaceae family. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown (*incertae sedis*), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any order.

## InfoBox

| *Placosoma* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Dothideomycetes |
| Order: | Incertae sedis |
| Family: | Asterinaceae |
| Genus: | ***Placosoma***
Syd. |
|
| Type species | |
| *Placosoma nothopanacis*
Syd. | |


title: Platform Prize

abstract: The Platform Prize is an annual film award, presented by the Toronto International Film Festival to films of "high artistic merit that also demonstrate a strong directorial vision." Introduced in 2015, the award is presented to a film, selected by an international jury of three prominent filmmakers or actors, from among the films screened in the Platform program. The program normally screens between eight and twelve films; only one winner is selected each year, although as with TIFF's other juried awards the jurors have the discretion to give honorable mentions to other films besides the overall winner. The winner of the Platform Prize receives $25,000 from the award's current corporate sponsor, Air France. According to festival programmer Cameron Bailey, the Platform program and prize were established because "films are passing through the festival without the attention they deserve". He compared Platform's intentions to the Cannes Film Festival's Directors' Fortnight and Un Certain Regard streams rather than its Palme d'Or award, indicating that it was meant to provide a platform for distinctive or innovative films but not to supplant the People's Choice Award as the top award at the festival. The award is named after filmmaker Jia Zhang-ke's 2000 historical drama. After the award is announced, the festival offers a repeat screening of the winner at the TIFF Bell Lightbox on the final day of the festival.

text:
# Platform Prize

The **Platform Prize** is an annual film award, presented by the Toronto International Film Festival to films of "high artistic merit that also demonstrate a strong directorial vision." Introduced in 2015, the award is presented to a film, selected by an international jury of three prominent filmmakers or actors, from among the films screened in the Platform program. The program normally screens between eight and twelve films; only one winner is selected each year, although as with TIFF's other juried awards the jurors have the discretion to give honorable mentions to other films besides the overall winner.

The winner of the Platform Prize receives $25,000 from the award's current corporate sponsor, Air France.

According to festival programmer Cameron Bailey, the Platform program and prize were established because "films are passing through the festival without the attention they deserve". He compared Platform's intentions to the Cannes Film Festival's Directors' Fortnight and Un Certain Regard streams rather than its Palme d'Or award, indicating that it was meant to provide a platform for distinctive or innovative films but not to supplant the People's Choice Award as the top award at the festival. The award is named after filmmaker Jia Zhang-ke's 2000 historical drama.

After the award is announced, the festival offers a repeat screening of the winner at the TIFF Bell Lightbox on the final day of the festival.

## Critical response

In some years, the film magazine *Screen International* has convened its own unofficial panel of film critics, who were assigned to watch all the Platform films and conduct their own independent vote on which film should win the award. Their panel in 2017 selected Warwick Thornton's *Sweet Country*, the same film that won the prize, but their panel in 2018 split between two films, Benjamín Naishtat's *Rojo* and Emir Baigazin's *The River*, while the festival jury awarded the prize to Ho Wi Ding's *Cities of Last Things*; the jury did, however, give *The River* an honorable mention.

Other critics have questioned whether the Platform Prize has been effective at accomplishing its stated goals at all. Canadian documentary filmmaker Alan Zweig, who won the inaugural Platform Prize in 2015 for his film *Hurt*, noted that while it was not the least successful film of his career in general release, the prize did not appear to give the film any major boost in distribution or box office sales over his other films. The 2016 jury's choice of Pablo Larraín's *Jackie* has also been questioned by critics, in particular because the Platform lineup that year also included *Moonlight*, which went on to win the Academy Award for Best Picture.

## Films

† denotes a non-winning film which received an honorable mention from the jury.

| Year | Jury | Film | Director | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 | Jia Zhang-ke
Claire Denis
Agnieszka Holland | ***Hurt*** | **Alan Zweig** |  |
| | *Bang Gang (A Modern Love Story)* | Eva Husson |  |
| | *The Clan* | | Pablo Trapero |
| | *French Blood* | | Diastème |
| | *Full Contact* | | David Verbeek |
| | *High-Rise* | | Ben Wheatley |
| | *Land of Mine* | | Martin Zandvliet |
| | *Looking for Grace* | | Sue Brooks |
| | *Neon Bull* | | Gabriel Mascaro |
| | *The Promised Land* | | He Ping |
| | *Sky* | | Fabienne Berthaud |
| | *The White Knights* | | Joachim Lafosse |
| 2016 | Brian de Palma
Mahamat-Saleh Haroun
Zhang Ziyi | ***Jackie*** | **Pablo Larraín** |  |
| | *Daguerrotype (Le Secret de la chambre noire)* | Kiyoshi Kurosawa |  |
| | *Goldstone* | | Ivan Sen |
| | *Heal the Living* | | Katell Quillévéré |
| | *Hema Hema: Sing Me a Song While I Wait* | | Khyentse Norbu |
| | *Home* | | Fien Troch |
| | *Lady Macbeth* | | William Oldroyd |
| | *Layla M.* | | Mijke de Jong |
| | *Searchers* | | Zacharias Kunuk, Natar Ungalaaq |
| | *Moonlight* | | Barry Jenkins |
| | *Nocturama* | | Bertrand Bonello |
| | *Those Who Make Revolution Halfway Only Dig Their Own Graves (Ceux qui font les révolutions à moitié n'ont fait que se creuser un tombeau)* | | Mathieu Denis, Simon Lavoie |
| 2017 | Chen Kaige
Małgorzata Szumowska
Wim Wenders | ***Sweet Country*** | **Warwick Thornton** |  |
| | *Beast* | Michael Pearce |  |
| | *Brad's Status* | | Mike White |
| | *Custody* | | Xavier Legrand |
| | *Dark River* | | Clio Barnard |
| | *The Death of Stalin* | | Armando Iannucci |
| | *Euphoria* | | Lisa Langseth |
| | *If You Saw His Heart (Si tu voyais son cœur)* | | Joan Chemla |
| | *Mademoiselle Paradis* | | Barbara Albert |
| | *Razzia* | | Nabil Ayouch |
| | *The Seen and Unseen* | | Kamila Andini |
| | *What Will People Say (Hva Vil Volk Si)* | | Iram Haq |
| 2018 | Lee Chang-dong
Béla Tarr
Mira Nair | ***Cities of Last Things*** | **Ho Wi Ding** |  |
| | *Angelo* | Markus Schleinzer |  |
| | *Destroyer* | | Karyn Kusama |
| | *Donnybrook* | | Tim Sutton |
| | *The Good Girls* | | Alejandra Márquez Abella |
| | *Her Smell* | | Alex Ross Perry |
| | *The Innocent (Der Unschuldige)* | | Simon Jaquemet |
| | *Jessica Forever* | | Caroline Poggi, Jonathan Vinel |
| | *Lady J (Mademoiselle de Joncquières)* | | Emmanuel Mouret |
| | *Out of Blue* | | Carol Morley |
| | *The River* | | Emir Baigazin |
| | *Rojo* | | Benjamín Naishtat |
| 2019 | Carlo Chatrian
Jessica Kiang
Athina Rachel Tsangari | ***Martin Eden*** | **Pietro Marcello** |  |
| | *Anne at 13,000 Ft.* | Kazik Radwanski |  |
| | *The Moneychanger* | | Federico Veiroj |
| | *My Zoe* | | Julie Delpy |
| | *Proxima* | | Alice Winocour |
| | *Rocks* | | Sarah Gavron |
| | *The Sleepwalkers* | | Paula Hernández |
| | *Sound of Metal* | | Darius Marder |
| | *Wet Season* | | Anthony Chen |
| | *Workforce* | | David Zonana |
| 2020 | *Award not presented, due to the reduced program in light of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada.* | | |
| 2021 | Riz Ahmed
Clio Barnard
Anthony Chen
Valerie Complex
Kazik Radwanski | ***Yuni*** | **Kamila Andini** |  |
| | *Arthur Rambo* | Laurent Cantet |  |
| | *Drunken Birds (Les oiseaux ivres)* | | Ivan Grbovic |
| | *Earwig* | | Lucile Hadžihalilović |
| | *Good Madam (Mlungu Wam)* | | Jenna Cato Bass |
| | *Huda's Salon* | | Hany Abu-Assad |
| | *Montana Story* | | Scott McGehee, David Siegel |
| | *Silent Land* | | Aga Woszczyńska |
| 2022 | Patricia Rozema
Iram Haq
Chaitanya Tamhane | ***Riceboy Sleeps*** | **Anthony Shim** |  |
| | *Charcoal (Carvão)* | Carolina Markowicz |  |
| | *Emily* | | Frances O'Connor |
| | *The Gravity (La Gravité)* | | Cédric Ido |
| | *Hawa* | | Maïmouna Doucouré |
| | *How to Blow Up a Pipeline* | | Daniel Goldhaber |
| | *Subtraction (Tafrigh)* | | Mani Haghighi |
| | *Thunder (Foudre)* | | Carmen Jaquier |
| | *Tora's Husband* | | Rima Das |
| | *Viking* | | Stéphane Lafleur |
| 2023 | Barry Jenkins
Nadine Labaki
Anthony Shim | ***Dear Jassi*** | **Tarsem Singh Dhandwar** |  |
| | *Dream Scenario* | Kristoffer Borgli |  |
| | *Great Absence* | | Kei Chika-ura |
| | *I Told You So (Te l’avevo detto)* | | Ginevra Elkann |
| | *The King Tide* | | Christian Sparkes |
| | *Not a Word (Kein Wort)* | | Hanna Slak |
| | *The Rye Horn (O Corno)* | | Jaione Camborda |
| | *Sisterhood (HLM Pussy)* | | Nora El Hourch |
| | *Shame on Dry Land (Syndabocken)* | | Axel Petersén |
| | *Spirit of Ecstasy (La Vénus d'argent)* | | Héléna Klotz |
| 2024 | Atom Egoyan
Hur Jin-ho
Jane Schoenbrun | ***They Will Be Dust (Polvo serán)*** | **Carlos Marqués-Marcet** |  |
| | *Daniela Forever* | Nacho Vigalondo |  |
| | *Daughter's Daughter*
† for lead actress Sylvia Chang | | Huang Xi |
| | *Mr. K* | | Tallulah H. Schwab |
| | *Paying for It* | | Sook-Yin Lee |
| | *Pedro Páramo* | | Rodrigo Prieto |
| | *Triumph* | | Petar Valchanov, Kristina Grozeva |
| | *Viktor* | | Olivier Sarbil |
| | *Winter in Sokcho* | | Koya Kamura |
| | *The Wolves Always Come at Night* | | Gabrielle Brady |


title: Playa Grande, Guatemala

abstract: Playa Grande is the administrative centre of the municipality of Ixcán in the Guatemalan department of El Quiché. Native Mayan languages spoken in the area include, among many others, Uspantek and Q'eqchi', although Spanish is also common. Its annual festival is held from 15 to 17 May. Playa Grande has an airport, Playa Grande Airport. Its International Air Transport Association code is PKJ.

text:
# Playa Grande, Guatemala

**Playa Grande** ("Big beach") is the administrative centre of the municipality of Ixcán in the Guatemalan department of El Quiché.

Native Mayan languages spoken in the area include, among many others, Uspantek and Q'eqchi', although Spanish is also common.

Its annual festival is held from 15 to 17 May.

Playa Grande has an airport, Playa Grande Airport. Its International Air Transport Association code is PKJ.

## Xalalá hydroelectric dam

The Xalalá hydroelectric dam is a proposed development project in Ixcán. It is controversial because it will flood 31.8 km2 and displace twelve Q'eqchi' Maya communities. It is a project of the Plan Puebla Panama. The dam is opposed by the Organizational Commission of the Community Consultation of Good Faith, Ixcán, which wants the Instituto Nacional de Electrificación (INDE) to complete consultations with local indigenous groups pursuant to the International Labour Organization Convention No. 169, Article 7. The municipal government called for such a consultation on 2007-04-20.

15°59′N 90°46′W / 15.983°N 90.767°W / 15.983; -90.767

## InfoBox

| Playa Grande, Guatemala | |
| --- | --- |
| The market in Playa Grande Ixcán | |
| Playa Grande, GuatemalaLocation in Guatemala | |
| Coordinates: 15°59′17″N 90°46′54″W / 15.98806°N 90.78167°W / 15.98806; -90.78167 | |
| Country | Guatemala |
| Department | El Quiché |
| Municipality | Ixcán |
| Population (2018 census) | |
| Total | 12,710 |
| Ethnicities | K'iche' Ixil Uspantek K'ekchi Ladino |
| Religions | Roman Catholicism Evangelicalism |


title: Playa Grande Airport

abstract: Playa Grande Airport is an airstrip serving the town of Playa Grande in the Quiché Department of Guatemala. The runway is in the countryside 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) northeast of the town. The Rubelsanto non-directional beacon is located 16.9 nautical miles (31.3 km) east of the airstrip.

text:
# Playa Grande Airport

**Playa Grande Airport** (IATA: **PKJ**, ICAO: **MGPG**) is an airstrip serving the town of Playa Grande in the Quiché Department of Guatemala.

The runway is in the countryside 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) northeast of the town. The Rubelsanto non-directional beacon (Ident: **RUB**) is located 16.9 nautical miles (31.3 km) east of the airstrip.

## InfoBox

| Playa Grande Airport | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public |
| Serves | Playa Grande, Guatemala |
| Elevation AMSL | 577 ft / 176 m |
| Coordinates | 15°59′55″N 90°44′30″W / 15.99861°N 90.74167°W / 15.99861; -90.74167 |
| Map | |
| **PKJ**Location in Quiché Department**PKJ**Location in Guatemala | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  m ft  17/35 1,800 5,906 Gravel | |
| Source: Google Maps GCM | |


title: Playboy After Dark

abstract: Playboy After Dark is an American television show hosted by Hugh Hefner. It aired in syndication through Screen Gems from 1969 to 1970 and was taped at CBS Television City in Los Angeles.

text:
# Playboy After Dark

***Playboy After Dark*** is an American television show hosted by Hugh Hefner. It aired in syndication through Screen Gems from 1969 to 1970 and was taped at CBS Television City in Los Angeles.

## Overview

*Playboy After Dark* followed much the same style as Hefner's earlier show, *Playboy's Penthouse* (1959–1960), which had been taped at WBKB-TV in Chicago. The show portrayed a "typical" party at Hefner's place, complete with Playboy Playmates and celebrities, who then chatted with Hefner and performed for the party.

## Season 1

| Episode | Original airdate | Guests | Taped |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | January 18, 1969 | Rowan & Martin, Stu Gilliam, Cathy Carlson, Paul Hampton, The Clara Ward Singers | October 22, 1968 |
| 2 | January 31, 1969 | Bill Cosby, Bill Medley, Iron Butterfly, Kaye Stevens, The Blossoms, Shel Silverstein, Reverend Malcolm Boyd | August 8, 1968 |
| 3 | February 2, 1969 | Tony Bennett, Steppenwolf, Milt Kamen, Morgana King, George Plimpton, Irwin Corey | August 9, 1968 |
| 4 | February 7, 1969 | Roman Polanski, Sharon Tate, Della Reese, Vic Damone, Don Adams, Bill Dana, Jackie Gayle, The Collectors | July 24, 1968 |
| 5 | February 15, 1969 | Norm Crosby, Rich Little, Otto Preminger, Harry Nilsson, The Pair Extraordinaire, Carol Channing, The Brothers Castro | August 30, 1968 |
| 6 | February 21, 1969 | Tommy Smothers, Buffy St. Marie, Louis Nye, John Stewart, Dr. William Schultz, The Buddy Miles Express | September 29, 1968 |
| 7 | March 1, 1969 | Don Adams, Larry Hankin, David Hemmings, Gayle Hunnicutt, Tommy Smothers, Joan Baez, The Avant-Garde featuring Chuck Woolery | November 11, 1968 |
| 8 | March 7, 1969 | The Checkmates, Bill Cosby, Sammy Davis Jr., Peter Lawford, Jerry Lewis, Larry Neiman, Anthony Newley | December 19, 1968 |
| 9 | March 15, 1969 | The Checkmates, Gloria Loring, Jimmy Webb, Harry Blackstone Jr., Hendra & Ullett | September 13, 1968 |
| 10 | March 21, 1969 | Melvin Belli, The Checkmates, The Collage, Bill Cosby, Bob Fuller, Kelly Garrett, Shecky Greene, Doug McClure, Don Rickles | November 26, 1968 |
| 11 | March 22, 1969 | Sid Caesar, Elias & Shaw, The Grateful Dead, Brendan Hanlon, Noel Harrison, Sydney Omarr | January 18, 1969 |
| 12 | March 28, 1969 | Pat Collins, Gore Vidal, John Hartford, Three Dog Night, Morgana King | November 10, 1968 |
| 13 | March 29, 1969 | Bob Newhart, O.C. Smith, Bill Cosby, Gary LeMel, The Pickle Brothers, Rod Piazza Group, George Chakos | September 9, 1968 |
| 14 | April 11, 1969 | Bill Cosby, Jackie DeShannon, Jim Brown, Louis Belson, Marty Ingels, Taj Mahal, Jeremy Vernon | October 16, 1968 |
| 15 | April 12, 1969 | Buddy Rich, James Cotton Blues Band, Joe Williams, Sue Raney, Pat McCormick, Ray Hastings | August 29, 1968 |
| 16 | April 18, 1969 | Shelley Berman, Buddy Miles Express, Lou Rawls, Joanie Sommers, David Steinberg, The Times Square Two | December 10, 1968 |
| 17 | May 2, 1969 | Bill Cosby, Jack Carter, Soupy Sales, Clay Tyson, James Brown, Three Dog Night, Marva Whitney | November 25, 1968 |
| 18 | May 9, 1969 | Pete Seeger, Bill Cosby, Jack E. Leonard, Carmen McRae, Teddy Neely | October 15, 1968 |
| 19 | May 16, 1969 | Canned Heat, Colvin & Wilder, Buddy Greco, Johnny Janis, Shari Lewis, Max Lerner | January 20, 1969 |
| 20 | May 30, 1969 | Pete Barbuti, The Committee, Pat Henry, Sally Marr, Marvin Gaye, The Byrds | September 28, 1968 |
| 21 | May 31, 1969 | Sammy Bow, Bobby Doyle, Billy Eckstine, The Grass Roots, Rich Little, Paul Mazursky, Larry Tucker | December 17, 1968 |
| 22 | June 28, 1969 | Shelley Berman, Pat Morita, The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, Frankie Randall, Lou Rawls, Second City | December 11, 1968 |
| 23 | July 19, 1969 | Dr. George R. Bach, Michael Caine, Meredith MacRae, Greg Mullavey, Sir Douglas Quintet, Mort Sahl, Sammy Shore, The Clara Ward Singers | January 25, 1969 |
| 24 | October 10, 1969 | Johnny Mathis, Mort Sahl, The Chambers Brothers, Bill Russell, Corbett Monica, Nadia Christen | July 23, 1968 |
| 25 | November 7, 1969 | Joey Bishop, Skiles & Henderson, Steppenwolf, Joe Williams, Joanne Vent | January 26, 1969 |
| 26 | November 14, 1969 | Don Adams, Jackie Gayle, David Hemmings, Gayle Hunnicutt, Deep Purple, Lynn Kellogg | October 23,1968 |

## Season 2

| Episode | Original airdate | Guests | Taped |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | January 27, 1970 | Canned Heat, Vic Damone, Dick Shawn, Sonny & Cher, Larry Storch | November 20, 1969 |
| 2 | February 3, 1970 | Ike & Tina Turner Revue, Patty Duke, Doug Kershaw, Louis Nye, Rex Reed | December 3, 1969 |
| 3 | February 10, 1970 | Tony Bennett, George Kirby, Moe Koffman, Mitch Miller, Joe Williams | November 20, 1969 |
| 4 | February 17, 1970 | Don Adams, Fleetwood Mac, Arte Johnson, Tommy Leonetti, Lesley Gore | January 8, 1970 |
| 5 | February 24, 1970 | Cannonball Adderley Quintet, Grand Funk Railroad, Tony Randall, Lou Rawls, Art Metrano | December 3, 1969 |
| 6 | March 3, 1970 | Steve Allen, The Blossoms, Clair & McMahon, O.C. Smith, Nitty Gritty Dirt Band | December 17, 1969 |
| 7 | March 10, 1970 | Don Adams, The Amazing Kreskin, The Checkmates, Bill Dana, Biff Rose, Carla Thomas | November 5, 1969 |
| 8 | March 17, 1970 | Dolores Hall, John Hartford, Mitzi McCall & Charlie Brill, Steppenwolf | December 17, 1969 |
| 9 | March 24, 1970 | Vicki Anderson, James Brown, The Chambers Brothers, Norm Crosby, Jack Jones | January 7, 1970 |
| 10 | March 31, 1970 | Angeline Butler, Bill Cosby, Bill Medley, Scoey Mitchell, Hugh O'Brian, Sweetwater | October 23, 1969 |
| 11 | April 7, 1970 | Sid Caesar, Joe Cocker & The Grease Band, Billy Eckstine, Linda Ronstadt, Mort Sahl | October 22, 1969 |
| 12 | April 14, 1970 | Milton Berle, Barrie Chase, Muscatel, Tony Joe White, Jo Anne Worley | February 18, 1970 |
| 13 | April 21, 1970 | Vic Damone, Noel Harrison, Lloyd Haynes, Marty Ingels, Smokey Robinson & The Miracles, Evie Sands | February 20, 1970 |
| 14 | April 28, 1970 | Johnny Mathis, Modern Jazz Quartet, John Stewart | March 18, 1970 |
| 15 | May 5, 1970 | Alan and Marilyn Bergman, Robert Goulet, Michel Legrand, Shari Lewis, Rich Little, Frankie Randall | March 3, 1970 |
| 16 | May 12, 1970 | Edie Adams, Bill Cosby, Robert Clary, The Grass Roots, Les McCann Ltd., Frankie Randall | March 19, 1970 |
| 17 | May 19, 1970 | Jackie Gayle, R.B. Greaves, The Jet Bunnies, Trini Lopez, Frankie Randall, Sarah Vaughan | March 20, 1970 |
| 18 | May 26, 1970 | The Dillards, John Gary, Carmen McRae | April 1, 1970 |
| 19 | June 2, 1970 | Sonny Charles, Sandy Baron, Lola Falana, Don Ho, Pat Paulson | April 2, 1970 |
| 20 | June 9, 1970 | Country Joe & the Fish, Linda Ronstadt | April 16, 1970 |
| 21 | July 14, 1970 | Pete Barbutti, B.B. King, Mitzi McCall & Charlie Brill, Barbara McNair, Mel Tormé | April 15, 1970 |
| 22 | July 18, 1970 | Rich Little, Fran Jeffries, Buddy Miles Band, Belland & Somerville, Vic Damone | April 29, 1970 |
| 24 | July 21, 1970 | Sammy Davis Jr., Moms Mabley, Bill Medley, Billy Preston | April 20, 1970 |
| 25 | August 11, 1970 | The Cowsills, Nanci Roberts, Marty Allen, Frankie Laine, Sue Raney | May 14, 1970 |
| 26 | August 25, 1970 | Spanky Wilson, Lou Rawls, Bossa Rio, Sandy Baron, Connie Kresk, Sandy Baron and George Carlin | April 30, 1970 |

## DVD release

Two volumes of the best of *Playboy After Dark* have been released on DVD.

## InfoBox

| *Playboy After Dark* | |
| --- | --- |
| Comedian Bill Dana, actor Don Adams, Playmate Barbie Benton, and Hugh Hefner. Center back, actress Lindsay Wagner, and scientist Yorick Wilks, 1969. | |
| Genre | Variety |
| Starring | Hugh Hefner |
| Opening theme | "Playboy's Theme" by Cy Coleman |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 2 |
| No. of episodes | 52 |
| Production | |
| Running time | 48 mins. |
| Production company | Playboy Enterprises |
| Original release | |
| Network | Syndicated |
| Release | January 18, 1969 (1969-01-18) <br>August 25, 1970 (1970-08-25) |


title: Please Touch Museum

abstract: The Please Touch Museum is a children's museum located in the Centennial District of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The museum focuses on teaching children through interactive exhibits and special events, mostly aimed at children seven years old and younger.

text:
# Please Touch Museum

The **Please Touch Museum** is a children's museum located in the Centennial District of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The museum focuses on teaching children through interactive exhibits and special events, mostly aimed at children seven years old and younger.

## History

| External videos | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| All About Please Touch Museum, Please Touch Museum, November 2011, 2:53 | |
| Opera Company of Philadelphia Please Touch Museum Random Act of Culture, Opera Philadelphia, April 2011, 2:31 | |

The museum originally opened at the Academy of Natural Sciences on October 2, 1976, in a 2,200-square-foot (200 m2) space, and moved to another location on nearby Cherry Street two years later. In 1983, the museum moved to 21st Street near the Franklin Institute. On February 14, 2005, the museum received an 80-year lease for Memorial Hall (in Fairmount Park), the last major building left from the 1876 Centennial Exposition. This came after plans to relocate the museum to a location at Penn's Landing fell through. Renovations at Memorial Hall began on December 15, 2005, and the museum closed its 21st Street location on September 1, 2008. On October 18, 2008, the museum opened at its current location with a larger facility and more exhibits.

The museum's financial projections related to its move to Memorial Hall proved to be over-optimistic and it was forced to declare bankruptcy in 2015. It emerged from bankruptcy in 2016 and, with the help of new major donations, was able to announce that it was now debt-free.

On September 24, 2018, the Philadelphia Flyers introduced their new mascot, Gritty, at the Please Touch Museum. A furry purple monster mascot, Squiggles, was introduced at the Please Touch Museum on October 7, 2018.

## Exhibits

* Adventure Camp
* Centennial Innovations
* Cents and Sensibility
* Food & Family
* Happy Camper
* Imagination Playground
* Please Touch Garden
* River Adventures
* Roadside Attractions
* Rocket Room
* Storytime Cabin
* Wonderland
* Scale Model of the 1876 Centennial Exhibition

## Other

* Woodside Park Dentzel Carousel

## Programs

* Playhouse Theater - As a component of the museum experience, Playhouse performances by in-house performers present opportunities for playful learning, imagination, innovation and audience interaction featuring music, movement, folklore and/or puppetry, all while introducing children to live arts.
* Creative Arts Studio - Each month, there is a new set of art experiences, which include a studio art experience, a sensory art experience and a manipulative art experience. The Creative Arts Studio provides a setting for parent-child interaction.
* Albert M. Greenfield Makerspace - Focused on how kids are creating, not what they are creating, the Makerspace empowers children to think of themselves as an “inventor” and through facilitated and self-directed experiences, discover that learning is found in the process of making, not the end result.

## Great Friend to Kids (GFTK) Awards

The Association of Children's Museums initiated the Great Friend to Kids Award in 1991, to honor individuals who have made outstanding contributions toward strengthening education for children. *National* Great Friend to Kids Award winners include Fred Rogers ("Mister Rogers") and Marian Wright Edelman (president and founder of the Children's Defense Fund).

In 1996, the Please Touch Museum began presenting its own GFTK award, to coincide with the museum's 20th birthday. The awards honor individuals and organizations making outstanding contributions to enriching the lives of children. The 2009 awards were designed by Philadelphia artist Leo Sewell, creator of Please Touch Museum's own "Artie the Elephant" and the Statue of Liberty Arm & Torch created entirely from discarded toys.

## InfoBox

Please Touch Museum
| Memorial Hall in 2010 | |
| --- | --- |
| Location within Philadelphia | |
| Established | 2 October 1976 (1976-10-02) |
| Location | Memorial Hall, Fairmount Park
4231 Avenue of the Republic, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
| Coordinates | 39°58′46″N 75°12′33″W / 39.9795°N 75.2092°W / 39.9795; -75.2092 |
| Type | Children's museum |
| Accreditation | American Alliance of Museums |
| Visitors | 566,000 (2011) |
| Founder | Portia Sperr |
| President | Patricia D. Wellenbach |
| CEO | Patricia D. Wellenbach |
| Public transit access | SEPTA bus: 38, 40
Philly PHLASH |
| Website | www.pleasetouchmuseum.org |


title: Please Turn Over

abstract: Please Turn Over is a 1959 British comedy film directed by Gerald Thomas and starring Ted Ray, Julia Lockwood, Jean Kent, Joan Sims, Leslie Phillips, Charles Hawtrey, Lionel Jeffries and Victor Maddern. It was written by Norman Hudis based on the 1959 play Book of the Month by Basil Thomas and produced by Peter Rogers. An English town is thrown into chaos when the daughter of one of the residents publishes a book detailing the supposed secrets of the inhabitants.

text:
# Please Turn Over

***Please Turn Over*** (also known as **P.T.O.**) is a 1959 British comedy film directed by Gerald Thomas and starring Ted Ray, Julia Lockwood, Jean Kent, Joan Sims, Leslie Phillips, Charles Hawtrey, Lionel Jeffries and Victor Maddern. It was written by Norman Hudis based on the 1959 play *Book of the Month* by Basil Thomas and produced by Peter Rogers. An English town is thrown into chaos when the daughter of one of the residents publishes a book detailing the supposed secrets of the inhabitants.

## Plot

In a quiet English town, seventeen-year-old Jo Halliday lives a fairly boring life working as a hairdresser and living at home, with her nagging mother, pompous father, and fitness-obsessed aunt. Her father, an accountant, continually wishes that his dreamy, untidy daughter could be more like his secretary, Miss Millicent Jones.

One morning, the local newspaper reveals that Jo has written a book—*Naked Revolt*—which is an instant bestseller. It tells the story of a young girl who discovers the truth about her family and neighbours, and flees to London to become a prostitute.

Unfortunately, the town's residents believe the book to be a true portrait of the family. Her father finds himself under suspicion at work, as his colleagues believe he has been stealing money, and her mother is regarded as a harlot who has been conducting a twenty-year affair with a retired army officer who gives her driving lessons and is Jo's real father. Her local doctor is portrayed as a philanderer who is sexually involved with a number of his patients while ignoring the desperate advances of his drunken assistant, Jo's aunt.

In fact, none of this is true: her father is scrupulously honest and in love with her mother; the local doctor is a shy man, and the former army officer is simply a family friend. Jo has left town for London with a young playwright, Robert Hughes, who is interested in turning her book into a play. After discovering they are kindred spirits, the two become engaged.

When they return home, Jo is confronted by her angry family and neighbours. The doctor is threatening to sue, and her father and mother have begun questioning each other's fidelity. But when he hears of the Doctor's planned lawsuit, Jo's father rises to her defense; stating that he approves of her talent if not her methods. Aunt Gladys further calms the Doctor by confessing her unrequited love for him, and they become a couple.

## Cast

## Reception

### Box office

*Kine Weekly* called it a "money maker" at the British box office in 1960.

## Critical

*The Monthly Film Bulletin* wrote: "Though the complementary plot-within-a-plot construction of this stage farce aims its satire at middle-class life, precocious writers and current fashions in writing, the material is for the most part rather thin and uncinematic. Several of the characters, too, fail to come off, though Joan Sims is enjoyable in the small role of a daily help, and Lionel Jeffries extracts the maximum amount of comedy from a driving lesson scene."

*The Radio Times Guide to Films* gave the film 3/5 stars, writing: "Notwithstanding its *Carry On* credentials, this gentle comedy of embarrassment could not be further from the bawdy humour of the celebrated series. Adapted by Norman Hudis, it boasts Leslie Phillips, Joan Sims and Charles Hawtrey among those aghast at the revelations contained in a potboiling novel populated by local luminaries. It's a one-joke affair, but director Gerald Thomas ensures the cast keeps it light and frothy."

## Precedent

The literary theme had been used before, by D. E. Stevenson, in the 1934 novel *Mrs.Buncle's Book*.

1. "Please Turn Over". *British Film Institute Collections Search*. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
2. Gifford, Denis (1 April 2016). *British Film Catalogue: Two Volume Set - The Fiction Film/The Non-Fiction Film*. Routledge. ISBN 9781317740636  via Google Books.
3. Billings, Josh (15 December 1960). "It's Britain 1, 2, 3 again in the 1960 box office stakes". *Kine Weekly*. p. 9.
4. "Please Turn Over". *The Monthly Film Bulletin*. **27** (312): 25. 1 January 1960  via ProQuest.
5. *Radio Times Guide to Films* (18th ed.). London: Immediate Media Company. 2017. p. 725. ISBN 9780992936440.

## InfoBox

| Please Turn Over | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Gerald Thomas |
| Written by | Norman Hudis
Basil Thomas (play) |
| Produced by | Peter Rogers |
| Starring | Ted Ray
Leslie Phillips
Julia Lockwood |
| Cinematography | Edward Scaife |
| Edited by | John Shirley |
| Music by | Bruce Montgomery |
| Color process | Black and white |
| Production
company | Beaconsfield Productions |
| Distributed by | Anglo-Amalgamated Film Distributors |
| Release date | * December 1959 (1959-12) |
| Running time | 87 minutes |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |


title: Pocasset station

abstract: Pocasset station was a railroad station in Pocasset, Massachusetts on Cape Cod.

text:
# Pocasset station

**Pocasset station** was a railroad station in Pocasset, Massachusetts on Cape Cod.

## History

The original Pocasset station was built by the Cape Cod Railroad around 1874. It was taken out of service in 1906 and moved to Cataumet to serve as the freight house there. The Wenaumet station - which was located about a mile north of the original Pocasset station - was renamed Pocasset by the New Haven Railroad. This station burned to the ground on May 14, 1914.

A new station was built at the same location in 1915. It served daily year-round New Haven RR trains to Boston until 1959. Summertime service continued to 1964. The station was also a stop for day and nighttime versions of the NH's *Cape Codder* service to New York City; these trains were among the trains terminated in 1964.

It was later demolished in 1960 after the New Haven Railroad discontinued most passenger service to Cape Cod. Remnants of the station's original foundation and platform are still visible just south of the point where Barlows Landing Road crosses the train tracks.

Media related to Pocasset station at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Pocasset | |
| --- | --- |
| Early-20th-century postcard of Pocasset station | |
| General information | |
| Location | Barlows Landing Road<br>Pocasset, Massachusetts |
| Coordinates | 41°41′35″N 70°36′54″W / 41.69306°N 70.61500°W / 41.69306; -70.61500 |
| Line(s) | Woods Hole Branch |
| History | |
| Opened | c.1872 |
| Closed | 1964 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Former services   Preceding station New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Following station  Monument Beachtoward Boston  Boston–Woods Hole  Cataumettoward Woods Hole  Monument Beachtoward New York  Cape Codder | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Plug-in electric vehicles in Belgium

text:
# Plug-in electric vehicles in Belgium

As of August 2022, there were around 72,000 battery electric vehicles registered in Belgium, equivalent to 1.2% of all vehicles in the country. As of 2021, 5.8% of new cars sold in Belgium were electric.

## Government policy

In 2021, the Belgian government announced a policy that, starting in 2026, makes all purchases of electric vehicles for company use tax-deductible.

## Public opinion

In a 2022 poll conducted by Deloitte, 48% of respondents said that they would buy an electric car for their next vehicle purchase.

## By region

### Brussels

As of November 2021, there were 250 public charging stations in Brussels.

### Flanders

As of 2022, there were around 15,000 public charging station ports in the Flemish Region.

### Wallonia

As of 2022, there were between 1,500 and 2,000 public charging station ports in Wallonia.