title: Raymond Wang Chong Lin

abstract: Raymond Wang Chong Lin was the Roman Catholic bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Zhaoxian, China. Ordained to the priesthood in 1950, Wang Chong Lin was secretly ordained bishop in 1983 and eventually was enthroned in a public ceremony. Wang Chong Lin died of a cerebral hemorrhage on February 2, 2010.

text:
# Raymond Wang Chong Lin

**Raymond Wang Chong Lin** (Chinese: 王宠林; May 12, 1921 – February 2, 2010) was the Roman Catholic bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Zhaoxian, China.

Ordained to the priesthood in 1950, Wang Chong Lin was secretly ordained bishop in 1983 and eventually was enthroned in a public ceremony.

Wang Chong Lin died of a cerebral hemorrhage on February 2, 2010.

## InfoBox

| Raymond Wang Chong Lin | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1921-05-12)May 12, 1921<br>China |
| Died | February 2, 2010(2010-02-02) (aged 88) |
| Occupation | Bishop |


title: Mimela macleayana

abstract: Mimela macleayana, is a species of true dung beetle found in India and Sri Lanka.

text:
# Mimela macleayana

***Mimela macleayana***, is a species of true dung beetle found in India and Sri Lanka.

## Description

Head, pronotum and scutellum are golden green in color. Elytra green with yellowish outer margins. Body is large, and elongate-oval. Legs, pygidium and ventrum covered with decumbent hairs. Eyes are prominent but with a small clypeus which is coarsely rugose. Forehead strongly punctured. Pronotum punctured and scutellum long and covered with few fine punctures. There are no lateral tooth in tibia of first leg pair.

## InfoBox

| *Mimela macleayana* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Scarabaeidae |
| Genus: | *Mimela* |
| Species: | ***M. macleayana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mimela macleayana***<br>(Vigors, 1825) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Euchlora macleayana* Vigors, 1825 * *Mimela macleayana* Arrow, 1910 | |


title: Olperer

abstract: The Olperer is a 3,476-metre-high (11,404 ft) mountain in the Zillertal Alps in the Austrian federal state of Tyrol. It is the main summit on the Tux Crest and is often crossed in the summer as climbers transit from the Olperer Hut to the Geraer Hut. It was first climbed on 10 September 1867 along the southeast ridge (Südostgrat) by Paul Grohmann, Georg Samer and Gainer Jackl. On its north flank is the ski region known as Hintertux Glacier on the Gefrorene-Wand-Kees glacier.

text:
# Olperer

The **Olperer** is a 3,476-metre-high (11,404 ft) mountain in the Zillertal Alps in the Austrian federal state of Tyrol. It is the main summit on the Tux Crest (*Tuxer Kamm*) and is often crossed in the summer as climbers transit from the Olperer Hut to the Geraer Hut. It was first climbed on 10 September 1867 along the southeast ridge (*Südostgrat*) by Paul Grohmann, Georg Samer and Gainer Jackl. On its north flank is the ski region known as Hintertux Glacier on the *Gefrorene-Wand-Kees* glacier (also called the *Tuxer Ferner*).

## Location and area

The Olperer, with its pyramidal summit block, presents a striking appearance. As a result of that and because of its geographical prominence over its nearby peaks, the summit is a popular viewing point. It lies about four kilometres as the crow flies northwest of the Schlegeisspeicher dam and seven kilometres south of Hintertux. Its neighbours are, to the north and separated by the *Wildlahnerscharte* (3,220 m), the Großer Kaserer at 3,266 metres, to the southeast along the crest the 3,381-metre-high (11,093 ft) Fußstein and, to the northeast, separated by the *Großes Riepenkees* glacier, lie the twin peaks of the Gefrorene-Wand-Spitzen, the southern summit of which lies at a height of 3,270 metres.

## Sources and maps

* H. Klier und W. Klier: *Alpine Club Guide Zillertaler Alpen*, Munich, 1996, ISBN 3-7633-1269-2
* Alpine Club Map 1:25,000, Sheet 35/1, *Zillertaler Alpen West*

## InfoBox

| Olperer | |
| --- | --- |
| The Olperer from the west | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 3,476 m (AA) (11,404 ft) |
| Prominence | 1,230  (4,040 ft) |
| Listing | Alpine mountains above 3000 m |
| Coordinates | 47°03′12″N 11°39′32″E / 47.05333°N 11.65889°E / 47.05333; 11.65889 |
| Geography | |
| OlpererTyrol, Austria | |
| Parent range | Zillertal Alps |
| Geology | |
| Mountain type | Rock summit |
| Type of rock | Granite, gneiss |
| Climbing | |
| First ascent | 1867 Paul Grohmann, Georg Samer and Jakob Huber over the southeast ridge (*Südostgrat*) |
| Easiest route | Olperer Hut, southeast ridge (with small *Schneegupf* firn field), or north ridge from Geraer Hut over sections of glacier |


title: Packwood House

abstract: Packwood House is a timber-framed Tudor manor house in Packwood on the Solihull border near Lapworth, Warwickshire. Owned by the National Trust since 1941, the house is a Grade I listed building. It has a wealth of tapestries and fine furniture, and is known for the garden of yews.

text:
# Packwood House

**Packwood House** is a timber-framed Tudor manor house in Packwood on the Solihull border near Lapworth, Warwickshire. Owned by the National Trust since 1941, the house is a Grade I listed building. It has a wealth of tapestries and fine furniture, and is known for the garden of yews.

## History

The house began as a modest timber-framed farmhouse constructed for John Fetherston between 1556 and 1560. The last member of the Fetherston family died in 1876. In 1904 the house was purchased by Birmingham industrialist Alfred Ash. It was inherited by Graham Baron Ash (Baron in this case being a name not a title) in 1925, who spent the following two decades creating a house of Tudor character. He purchased an extensive collection of 16th- and 17th-century furniture, some obtained from nearby Baddesley Clinton. The great barn of the farm was converted into a Tudor-style hall with sprung floor for dancing, and was connected to the main house by the addition of a Long Gallery in 1931.

In 1941, Ash donated the house and gardens to the National Trust in memory of his parents but continued to live in the house until 1947 when he moved to Wingfield Castle.

### Gardens

The famous Yew Garden containing over 100 trees was laid out in the mid-17th century by John Fetherston, the lawyer. The clipped yews are supposed to represent "The Sermon on the Mount". Twelve great yews are known as the "Apostles" and the four big specimens in the middle are 'The Evangelists'. A tight spiral path lined with box hedges climbs a hummock named "The Mount". The single yew that crowns the summit is known as "The Master". The smaller yew trees are called "The Multitude" and were planted in the 19th century to replace an orchard.

The Yew Garden is entered by raised steps and a wrought-iron gate. The garden path follows an avenue of trees, which leads up a spiral hill where a wooden seat is placed beneath a yew tree. This vantage point provides views of the house and the Yew Garden.

Some of the yews at Packwood are taller than 50 feet (15 m). The soil on the estate has a high level of clay, which is detrimental to the trees during wet periods. As a result, parts of the garden are often closed to the public while restoration work is undertaken The house and gardens are open to the public throughout the whole year as of 2013.

## Footnotes

## Sources

* Allesley and Coundon Wedge Conservation Society (2009), *Baron Ash and Packwood House*, Allesley, West Midlands: Gateway Gardens Trust, archived from the original on 3 September 2011, retrieved 2 September 2010
* Blagg, Anthony (2010), *Packwood House*, Worcestershire: Topiary in the United Kingdom, retrieved 2 September 2010
* Gateway Gardens Trust (2007), *Gardens in Warwickshire* (PDF), Pwllheli, Gwynedd: Gateway Gardens Trust, archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2011, retrieved 2 September 2010
* National Trust (2010), *2010 Handbook*, Swindon, Wiltshire: National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty, ISBN 978-0-7078-0410-1
* Staveley, Andy (2009), *Packwood House*, Birmingham, West Midlands: BirminghamUK, retrieved 2 September 2010
* TourUK (2009), *Packwood House*, Bideford, Devon: Just Tour Limited, archived from the original on 13 October 2016, retrieved 2 September 2010

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Packwood House | |
| --- | --- |
| The eastern front of the house | |
| Location within Warwickshire | |
| General information | |
| Type | Country House |
| Location | near Lapworth, Warwickshire |
| Coordinates | 52°20′51″N 01°44′47″W / 52.34750°N 1.74639°W / 52.34750; -1.74639 |
| Completed | Built 16th century |
| Renovated | Restored 20th century |
| Owner | National Trust |
| Website | |
| http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/packwood-house | |
|  | |


title: Rally Ireland

abstract: Rally Ireland was added to the FIA World Rally Championship (WRC) calendar in 2007. It was not part of the 2008 schedule, but returned as the First round of the championship in 2009. The north–south event is the largest sporting occasion on the island of Ireland with over 250,000 spectators and a TV audience in 180 countries. As part of the WRC rotation Rally Ireland is not part of the 2010 season but was expected to figure in 2011. However, on 19 February 2010 North One Sport the WRC promoter, announced that Rally Ireland would not be awarded a place on the 2011 calendar.

text:
# Rally Ireland

| Rally Ireland | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | Annual |
| Country | Republic of Ireland<br>Northern Ireland |
| Most recent | 2009 |
| Organised by | Motorsport Ireland |

**Rally Ireland** was added to the FIA World Rally Championship (WRC) calendar in 2007. It was not part of the 2008 schedule, but returned as the First round of the championship in 2009. The north–south event is the largest sporting occasion on the island of Ireland with over 250,000 spectators and a TV audience in 180 countries. As part of the WRC rotation Rally Ireland is not part of the 2010 season but was expected to figure in 2011. However, on 19 February 2010 North One Sport the WRC promoter, announced that Rally Ireland would not be awarded a place on the 2011 calendar.

## Stage locations

The 2007 event took place between 15 and 18 November 2007, starting with the *Super Special Stage* in the grounds of the Stormont Parliament Buildings on the outskirts of Belfast, County Down.

The remainder of the event was based in the north-west of Ireland in the counties of Sligo, Fermanagh, Donegal, Leitrim, Tyrone, Roscommon and Cavan.

## Organisation structure

*Rally Ireland* is organised by Motorsport Ireland. The event itself joined the WRC in 2007 when it was won by reigning World Champions Sébastien Loeb and Daniel Elena in a Citroën C4. The rally is managed by Event Director John Naylor and the Clerk of the Course is Gordon Noble.

A steering committee which is charged with developing the event is in place. This committee is chaired by Austin Frazer and includes representative of Motorsport Ireland (MI) and The Association of Northern Ireland Car Clubs (ANICC).

Rally Ireland received strong government support from both sides of the border. It continues a long tradition of cross-border rallying in Ireland, which dates back to the early years of the Circuit of Ireland Rally in the 1930s.

## Surface

The Rally was held on asphalt concrete, which was very wavy and slippery due to the humidly Irish weather, what makes this character being similar to the *Rally Monte Carlo* (with exception of snow). This character had even marked a high retirement-rate in this rally.

## Past winners

| Year | Driver | Co-Driver | Car |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2005 | Matthew Wilson | Michael Orr | Ford Focus RS WRC |
| 2006 | Eugene Donnelly | Paul Kiely | Toyota Corolla WRC |
| 2007 | Sébastien Loeb | Daniel Elena | Citroën C4 WRC |
| 2009 | Sébastien Loeb | Daniel Elena | Citroën C4 WRC |

1. Ireland to miss out on 2011 WRC slot Autosport Website 2010-02-19 Retrieved 19 February 2010
2. "Rally Ireland//About". *Rally Ireland*. Archived from the original on 16 November 2007. Retrieved 16 November 2007.
3. Montgomery, Bob (14 April 2004). "PastImperfect". *The Irish Times*. Motors. Retrieved 16 November 2007.

## InfoBox

Rally Ireland
| Category | Rally |
| --- | --- |
| Inaugural season | 2005 |
| Folded | 2009 |
| World Rally Championship | |


title: Acanthametropus pecatonica

abstract: Acanthametropus pecatonica, the Pecatonica River mayfly, is a species of mayfly in the family Acanthametropodidae. It is endemic to the Pecatonica River of Wisconsin and Illinois, with populations observed in South Carolina and Georgia. Acanthametropus pecatonica was considered extinct after 1927, but was rediscovered in 1987, about 60 years after it was considered lost. It has been found in at least five counties of Wisconsin, and historically at locations in Illinois, South Carolina, and Georgia.

text:
# Acanthametropus pecatonica

***Acanthametropus pecatonica***, the **Pecatonica River mayfly**, is a species of mayfly in the family Acanthametropodidae. It is endemic to the Pecatonica River of Wisconsin and Illinois, with populations observed in South Carolina and Georgia.

*Acanthametropus pecatonica* was considered extinct after 1927, but was rediscovered in 1987, about 60 years after it was considered lost. It has been found in at least five counties of Wisconsin, and historically at locations in Illinois, South Carolina, and Georgia.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Acanthametropus pecatonica* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Extinct  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Ephemeroptera |
| Family: | Acanthametropodidae |
| Genus: | *Acanthametropus* |
| Species: | ***A. pecatonica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Acanthametropus pecatonica***
Burks, 1953 | |
|


title: Muhammadu Dikko Stadium

abstract: Muhammadu Dikko Stadium is an all-seater association football and athletics stadium in Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria. The stadium is owned and maintained by the Katsina State Government. Construction started in the early 1990s, during the military Governorship of John Madaki, but was later abandoned. The project was resurrected and completed by Governor Ibrahim Shehu Shema, and was opened in 2013 as Karkanda Stadium. In 2016, it was renamed after Katsina's 20th-century Emir Muhammadu Dikko. El-Kanemi Warriors F.C of Maiduguri played their home games at the stadium in 2015 and 2016 while the Boko Haram insurgency raged. It is currently home to the Katsina State-owned football club Katsina United. A gymnasium and fitness club are also located within the stadium.

text:
# Muhammadu Dikko Stadium

12°58′37″N 7°38′17″E / 12.97694°N 7.63806°E / 12.97694; 7.63806

**Muhammadu Dikko Stadium** is an all-seater association football and athletics stadium in Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria. The stadium is owned and maintained by the Katsina State Government. Construction started in the early 1990s, during the military Governorship of John Madaki, but was later abandoned. The project was resurrected and completed by Governor Ibrahim Shehu Shema, and was opened in 2013 as Karkanda Stadium. In 2016, it was renamed after Katsina's 20th-century Emir Muhammadu Dikko.

El-Kanemi Warriors F.C of Maiduguri played their home games at the stadium in 2015 and 2016 while the Boko Haram insurgency raged. It is currently home to the Katsina State-owned football club Katsina United.

A gymnasium and fitness club are also located within the stadium.

## InfoBox

Muhammadu Dikko Stadium
| Karkanda Stadium | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Full name | Muhammadu Dikko Stadium |
| Location | Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria |
| Capacity | 35,000 |
| Construction | |
| Opened | 2013 |
| Architect | Monimichelle Sports Facility Construction Ltd. |
| Tenants | |
| Katsina United | |


title: Psacasta

abstract: Psacasta is a genus of Palaearctic jewel or shield-backed bugs in the subfamily Eurygastrinae and typical of the tribe Psacastini; the genus was erected by Ernst Friedrich Germar in 1839.

text:
# Psacasta

| External image | |
| --- | --- |
| Images at iNaturalist | |

***Psacasta*** is a genus of Palaearctic jewel or shield-backed bugs in the subfamily Eurygastrinae and typical of the tribe Psacastini; the genus was erected by Ernst Friedrich Germar in 1839.

## Species

The following are included in *BioLib.cz*:

subgenus *Cryptodontus* Mulsant & Rey, 1866 1. *Psacasta neglecta* (Herrich-Schäffer, 1837)
2. *Psacasta tuberculata* (Fabricius, 1781)

subgenus *Psacasta* Germar, 1839 1. *Psacasta cypria* Puton, 1881
2. *Psacasta exanthematica* (Scopoli, 1763)
3. *Psacasta granulata* (A.Costa, 1847)
4. *Psacasta herculeana* Horváth, 1891
5. *Psacasta horvathi* Royer, 1923
6. *Psacasta pallida* Reuter, 1902
7. *Psacasta simillima* Horváth, 1917

* Media related to Psacasta at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| *Psacasta* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Psacasta exanthematica* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Heteroptera |
| Family: | Scutelleridae |
| Subfamily: | Eurygastrinae |
| Genus: | *Psacasta*<br>Germar, 1839 |
|


title: Matt Ginter

abstract: Matthew Shane Ginter is an American former professional baseball pitcher. Ginter was originally drafted out of high school by the New York Yankees in the 17th round of the 1996 Major League Baseball draft, but opted to attend college at Mississippi State. He was later drafted in the first round of the 1999 Major League Baseball draft by the Chicago White Sox. He made his Major League Baseball debut with the White Sox on September 1, 2000, earning the win after tossing a scoreless eighth inning in a 9–8 win over the Anaheim Angels. Ginter then spent the next three seasons splitting time between Chicago and the minor leagues, appearing in a career-high 33 games in 2002. On March 27, 2004, Ginter was traded to the New York Mets in exchange for outfielder Timo Pérez. He made his first career start on May 16 against the Houston Astros, allowing two runs on eight hits in 5+2⁄3 innings, earning a no-decision. He also recorded his first major league hit in the game off Roger Clemens. Ginter finished the season 1–3 with a 4.54 ERA in 15 games. On April 2, 2005, Ginter was traded to the Detroit Tigers for left-handed pitcher Steve Colyer. He made 14 appearances with the Tigers in 2005, going 0–1 with a 6.17 ERA. Ginter signed a minor league contract with the Boston Red Sox on February 1, 2006. He began the season with the Triple-A Pawtucket Red Sox, and had a strong start to the season, notably pitching eight innings of two-hit shutout baseball on April 23. This start lowered his season ERA to 2.35 and his K/BB rate to 7. He was a strong candidate to be called up to the Red Sox to join the starting rotation, temporarily, while David Wells recovered from a knee injury. On July 1, Ginter exercised an out clause in his contract and became a free agent. At the time, he was 3–9 with a 3.64 ERA in 15 starts for Pawtucket. On July 9, Ginter signed with the Pittsburgh Pirates. He spent the remainder of the season with the Triple-A Indianapolis Indians, going 2–5 with one save and a 5.50 ERA. On February 12, 2007, Ginter signed with the St. Louis Cardinals. Ginter began the 2007 season with the Triple-A Memphis Redbirds, posting a 2–6 record with two saves and a 4.06 ERA in 31 games before being released on August 17. He was later signed by the Milwaukee Brewers on September 1, and was assigned to their Triple-A affiliate, the Nashville Sounds. He became a free agent after the season. On December 21, 2007, the Cleveland Indians signed Ginter to a minor league contract with an invitation to spring training. The Indians called Ginter up to start on July 12, 2008. In his first major league appearance in three years, Ginter went five shutout innings with five strikeouts to record the win. After spending time on the disabled list, Ginter was sent outright to the minors on August 25 and became a free agent at the end of the season. In January 2009, he signed a minor league contract with the Milwaukee Brewers. He filed for free agency after the season. He is not related to Keith Ginter, an infielder for MLB from 2000 to 2005.

text:
# Matt Ginter

**Matthew Shane Ginter** (born December 24, 1977) is an American former professional baseball pitcher.

Ginter was originally drafted out of high school by the New York Yankees in the 17th round (509th overall) of the 1996 Major League Baseball draft, but opted to attend college at Mississippi State. He was later drafted in the first round (22nd overall) of the 1999 Major League Baseball draft by the Chicago White Sox. He made his Major League Baseball debut with the White Sox on September 1, 2000, earning the win after tossing a scoreless eighth inning in a 9–8 win over the Anaheim Angels. Ginter then spent the next three seasons splitting time between Chicago and the minor leagues, appearing in a career-high 33 games in 2002.

On March 27, 2004, Ginter was traded to the New York Mets in exchange for outfielder Timo Pérez. He made his first career start on May 16 against the Houston Astros, allowing two runs (one earned) on eight hits in 5+23 innings, earning a no-decision. He also recorded his first major league hit in the game off Roger Clemens. Ginter finished the season 1–3 with a 4.54 ERA in 15 games (14 starts).

On April 2, 2005, Ginter was traded to the Detroit Tigers for left-handed pitcher Steve Colyer. He made 14 appearances (one start) with the Tigers in 2005, going 0–1 with a 6.17 ERA.

Ginter signed a minor league contract with the Boston Red Sox on February 1, 2006. He began the season with the Triple-A Pawtucket Red Sox, and had a strong start to the season, notably pitching eight innings of two-hit shutout baseball on April 23. This start lowered his season ERA to 2.35 and his K/BB rate to 7. He was a strong candidate to be called up to the Red Sox to join the starting rotation, temporarily, while David Wells recovered from a knee injury. On July 1, Ginter exercised an out clause in his contract and became a free agent. At the time, he was 3–9 with a 3.64 ERA in 15 starts for Pawtucket. On July 9, Ginter signed with the Pittsburgh Pirates. He spent the remainder of the season with the Triple-A Indianapolis Indians, going 2–5 with one save and a 5.50 ERA.

On February 12, 2007, Ginter signed with the St. Louis Cardinals. Ginter began the 2007 season with the Triple-A Memphis Redbirds, posting a 2–6 record with two saves and a 4.06 ERA in 31 games (eight starts) before being released on August 17. He was later signed by the Milwaukee Brewers on September 1, and was assigned to their Triple-A affiliate, the Nashville Sounds. He became a free agent after the season.

On December 21, 2007, the Cleveland Indians signed Ginter to a minor league contract with an invitation to spring training. The Indians called Ginter up to start on July 12, 2008. In his first major league appearance in three years, Ginter went five shutout innings with five strikeouts to record the win. After spending time on the disabled list, Ginter was sent outright to the minors on August 25 and became a free agent at the end of the season. In January 2009, he signed a minor league contract with the Milwaukee Brewers. He filed for free agency after the season.

He is not related to Keith Ginter, an infielder for MLB from 2000 to 2005.

## InfoBox

| Matt Ginter | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| **Pitcher** | |
| **Born:**  (1977-12-24) December 24, 1977<br>Winchester, Kentucky, U.S. | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| September 1, 2000, for the Chicago White Sox | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| August 3, 2008, for the Cleveland Indians | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Win–loss record | 5–7 |
| Earned run average | 5.43 |
| Strikeouts | 132 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Guillermo Ceniceros

abstract: Guillermo Ceniceros is a Mexican painter and muralist, best known for his mural work in Mexico City, as well as his figurative easel work. He began his mural painting career as an assistant to mural painters such as Federico Cantú, Luis Covarrubias and then David Alfaro Siqueiros who was a mentor and a key influence. Ceniceros is the most notable of Siqueiros' assistants. While he has experimented with abstract expression, his easel work mostly classifies as figurativism and is influenced by the geometrical construct of Mexican muralism. He has had over 300 individual and collective exhibitions in Mexico and the International stage. His work has been recognized by the Mexican Ministry of Culture and several of its institutions. He has painted over 20 large scale Mural Paintings with some of the most notable being the large scale work for the Legislative Palace of San Lazaro as well as his murals in the Metro Subway System. He is a member of the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana. In 1995, the State of Durango, Ceniceros' native state, opened to the public the Guillermo Ceniceros Art Museum within the oversight of the Ministry of Culture. Ceniceros has been reviewed by notable critics such as Berta Taracena, Raquel Tibol, Alaide Foppa, Graciela Kartofel, José Angel Leyva and Eduardo Blackaller among others. There are several publications about his work including a vast review of his art life endeavors developed by the Ministries of Culture of Durango and Nuevo León. He is married to the artist Esther González and lives in his studio house in the Colonia Roma of Mexico City.

text:
# Guillermo Ceniceros

**Guillermo Ceniceros** (born May 7, 1939) is a Mexican painter and muralist, best known for his mural work in Mexico City, as well as his figurative easel work. He began his mural painting career as an assistant to mural painters such as Federico Cantú, Luis Covarrubias and then David Alfaro Siqueiros who was a mentor and a key influence. Ceniceros is the most notable of Siqueiros' assistants. While he has experimented with abstract expression, his easel work mostly classifies as figurativism and is influenced by the geometrical construct of Mexican muralism. He has had over 300 individual and collective exhibitions in Mexico and the International stage. His work has been recognized by the Mexican Ministry of Culture and several of its institutions. He has painted over 20 large scale Mural Paintings with some of the most notable being the large scale work for the Legislative Palace of San Lazaro (Mexico's Legislative Building) as well as his murals in the Metro Subway System. He is a member of the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana. In 1995, the State of Durango, Ceniceros' native state, opened to the public the Guillermo Ceniceros Art Museum within the oversight of the Ministry of Culture. Ceniceros has been reviewed by notable critics such as Berta Taracena, Raquel Tibol, Alaide Foppa, Graciela Kartofel, José Angel Leyva and Eduardo Blackaller among others. There are several publications about his work including a vast review of his art life endeavors developed by the Ministries of Culture of Durango and Nuevo León. He is married to the artist Esther González and lives in his studio house in the Colonia Roma of Mexico City.

## Life

Ceniceros was born in a small village called El Salto, located in the municipality of Pueblo Nuevo in the Mexican state of Durango. His father was a woodworker who made toys and furniture in his workshop. His father's shop would become an influence in Ceniceros' life long interest in developing his own innovative working tools. When he was twelve the family moved to Monterrey to seek better economic opportunities. There he attended school and when he was fourteen he entered the Fabricación de Máquinas, S.A. (FAMA), a school/business, where he studied industrial drawing. He considers this early training important as it taught him the importance of geometry, use of space and materials. While at FAMA he met painters Gerardo Cantú and Ignacio Ortiz, and collaborated with them on sketches for publications of Alfonso Reyes, Pedro Garfias and other notable writers.

In 1955, he enrolled in the Taller de Artes Plásticas at the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, graduating in 1958. At the Taller he met fellow Mexican artist Esther González, whom he married and with whom he has two children.

In 1962 he moved to Mexico City with the goal of working in the Taller of the Maestro David Alfaro Siqueiros. He became Siqueiros' first assistant working on his last murals while at the same time working at night on his easel painting work. Siqueiros supported Ceniceros decision to leave his Taller and supported him in his career until his death in 1974. By then Ceniceros was already a break thru artist having had several individual exhibitions including the prestigious Palacio De Bellas Artes as well as other recognitions. Thru the 70's and 80s Ceniceros continued his work with an emphasis on exhibits and exchanges abroad and traveling to Eastern Europe, Cuba, China, Chile, Ecuador, Italy and the United States. His Mexico City contemporaries and circle would include names that today have become reference such as Sebastian, José Luis Cuevas, Gilberto Aceves Navarro, Benjamin Dominguez, Gustavo Arias Murueta, Byron Galvez, Leonel Maciel among others. In the 70's his Row-House neighbors in the colonia Roma were Francisco Toledo and Alejandro Jodorowski.

His focus on mural painting is renewed in the mid 80's thru his large scale work in the Metro Subway System with him working on major commissions consistently and into the new century. While the Mexican school of Muralism had been challenged by the Ruptura members, the interest in Mural painting as a unique national form of expression continues.

He lives in Mexico City at a studio/home in the Colonia Roma. His home is a frequent gathering place for writers, poets, painters, singers, actors and journalists. He has a strong interest in Spanish language literature. Juan Rulfo who visited Ceniceros' studio several times stated that a number of Ceniceros’ landscapes were reminiscent of the world of Pedro Páramo . The late poet Luis Rius and Ceniceros often discussed the parallels between painting and writing, with Ceniceros expressing his goal of achieving visual poetry thru his work.

## Career

Ceniceros did his first mural while he was still in Monterrey, working on the La Ciudadela municipal library in the city. However, much of his early experience with the art form was as an assistant to established artists. Federico Cantú hired him as an assistant with the 600m2 mural work at the Sierra de los Altares, a relief work made with natural stone. This led to work two years later with Luis Covarrubias to paint ethnographic murals at the Museo Nacional de Antropología. During this project he was able to meet Rufino Tamayo, José Chávez Morado, Jorge González Camarena and Raúl Anguiano . In 1965, he was then hired by David Alfaro Siqueiros, working on murals such as The March of Humanity on Earth and Towards the Cosmos at the Polyforum Cultural Siqueiros . He then also worked with the master on murals at the Museo Nacional de Historia at Chapultepec Castle, the former customs building in Santo Domingo and the site of the Asociación Nacional de Actores. The work with Siqueiros was a major influence on his development, introducing him to new techniques, materials, tools, compositions and perspectives. The idea of inventing one’s own tools he got from Siqueira. Ceniceros would become one of Siqueros most notable apprentices.

He has created over twenty large scale murals in public places. The Centro de Arte Moderno, Guadalajara (1980), the Mexican Mission to the United Nations (1984), Metro Tacubaya (1986), The Ancient Mexicans, a mural for the Mexican Pavilion at the International Exhibition in Vancouver, Canada. (1986), Metro Copilco (1988), Maderos Theater UANL (1990), the Palacio de Justicia in Monterrey (1991), Banco Nacional de Comercio Exterior, Monterrey (1994), the Chemistry department at UANL (1998), Santa Engracia Hospital in Monterrey (1999) and the Theatre of the Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores Telefónicos in Mexico City (2001), Metáforos Lúdicas in the city of Durango (2008) and La Historia del Pueblo Mexicano a través de su Vida Constitucional at the Palacio Legislativo to commemorate the Bicentennial of Independence and Centennial of the Mexican Revolution (2012) . He also painted a mural for the cultural center of his hometown of El Salto.

Ceniceros had his first exhibition of artwork in 1956 at the Galería de Arte, A.C. in 1956. His work began to be shown regularly in 1969 with an exhibition that established him at the Palacio de Bellas Artes, with shows eventually in various parts of Mexico as well as abroad in countries such as Cuba, Ecuador and Eastern Europe with over two hundred exhibitions as of 2003. In 1970, he exhibited at the Museo de Arte Moderno, winning the Salón Annual de la Plástica Mexicana Prize. The museum bought the piece. Other significant ones include the Martin Gallery in Minneapolis (1972), the Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes de La Habana (1972), the Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes in Santiago de Chile (1973), the Museo Guayasamín in Quito (1976), the Atelier Guayasamín in Caracas (1976), the Pulchri Studio in The Hague (1980), International Development Bank Gallery in Washington (1984), Iturralde Gallery in La Jolla, CA (1989), Museo Universitario de Ciencias y Artes (1992) and the Nagoya City Art Museum, Japan (1994) .

His recognitions include two awards, the National Painting Prize from the Secretaría de Educación Pública in 1969 and the keys to the city of Durango as a distinguished visitor in 2008. In 1998, the state of Durango accepted a donation of paintings from the artist and sponsored the establishment of the Museo de Arte Moderno Guillermo Ceniceros in the capital. It occupies the main house of the former Hacienda Ferrería de Flores, which dates to the 19th century. Five halls are dedicated to the permanent collection with the other four dedicated to temporary exhibits. In 2009, for his seventieth birthday, the states of Durango and Nuevo León sponsored the production of his biography, called Guillermo Ceniceros: setenta años, published by La Cabra Ediciones. He is also a member of the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana.

## Artistry

Two major influences in his work are the training he received in industrial drawing in Monterrey, and his experience as an assistant to Siqueiros. Both helped him to form a sense of geometry, composition, a definition of form and with Siqueiros, a commitment to retaining aspects of figurativism from Mexican muralism.

Two elements that frequently appear in his work are landscapes and the female figure, with figures often created using geometric patterns. He experimented with abstract art, but always went back to introducing human figures in his work. However this introduced the idea of fusing elements of Mexican nationalist art with abstract work. These depictions are what gave his work the most notice, with critics such as Raquel Tibol particularly impressed with his female nudes, which are generally have an introspective quality but not sad or melancholy.

His work is marked by subtlety. Raquel Tibol describes his work as neither aggressive or harsh, rather as having a voice which is enveloping and gentle. The figures and landscapes generally interact to give the works an element of mystery and Expressionism. The backgrounds tend to have geometric relationships, visual proportions, and unique textures.

He is interested more in formal possibilities than in techniques. He believes that the ability to draw is the basis of art. One example of this is a series of “anamorphic” drawings with the aid of a “form detector,” a cylindrical mirror which was invented over 400 years ago that forces the artist to draw lines that acquire representative sense only when they are reflected in the mirror. He has created and invented many of the tools he works with.

## InfoBox

| Guillermo Ceniceros | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1939-05-07) May 7, 1939<br>El Salto Durango, Mexico |
| Known for | Painting, Muralism |
| Movement | Modernism, Neo-figurativism, Mexican Muralism |
| Awards | National Painting Prize (1969) |
| Website | Official website of Guillermo Ceniceros |


title: Maximilian Hornung

abstract: Maximilian Hornung is a German cellist. He grew up in a family of musicians and attended the Gymnasium at St. Stephan in Augsburg. He left the school at the age of 16 to devote himself entirely to music. He studied with Eldar Issakadze, Thomas Grossenbacher and David Geringas. In 2005, he won the German Music Competition, in 2007 the ARD Music Competition with a trio he founded. At the age of 23 he received the post of the first solo cellist of the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra. He left after four years to devote himself entirely to solo and chamber music work. In 2011, he received the ECHO Klassik Prize as a young artist of the year, the Bavarian Kunstförderpreis in 2014 and the European Prize for the European Cultural Foundation in 2015. He has performed as a soloist with major orchestras, collaborating with conductors such as Bernard Haitink and Daniel Harding. In the United States, he has performed with the Florida Orchestra. Hornung returned to the Tampa - St. Petersburg area to play Antonín Dvořák's Cello Concerto with the Florida Orchestra on January 19, 2018 and January 20, 2018.

text:
# Maximilian Hornung

**Maximilian Hornung** (born 1986 in Augsburg, Bavaria) is a German cellist.

He grew up in a family of musicians and attended the Gymnasium at St. Stephan in Augsburg (a school offering a musical branch with music, Latin and English as core subjects from grade five onwards). He left the school at the age of 16 to devote himself entirely to music. He studied with Eldar Issakadze, Thomas Grossenbacher and David Geringas.

In 2005, he won the German Music Competition, in 2007 the ARD Music Competition with a trio he founded. At the age of 23 he received the post of the first solo cellist of the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra. He left after four years to devote himself entirely to solo and chamber music work.

In 2011, he received the ECHO Klassik Prize as a young artist of the year, the Bavarian Kunstförderpreis in 2014 and the European Prize for the European Cultural Foundation in 2015.

He has performed as a soloist with major orchestras, collaborating with conductors such as Bernard Haitink and Daniel Harding.

In the United States, he has performed with the Florida Orchestra. Hornung returned to the Tampa \- St. Petersburg area to play Antonín Dvořák's Cello Concerto with the Florida Orchestra on January 19, 2018 and January 20, 2018.

## Discography


title: Omoglymmius hesperus

abstract: Omoglymmius hesperus is a species of beetle in the subfamily Rhysodidae. It was described by Ross Bell and Joyce Bell in 1982.

text:
# Omoglymmius hesperus

***Omoglymmius hesperus*** is a species of beetle in the subfamily Rhysodidae. It was described by Ross Bell and Joyce Bell in 1982.

## InfoBox

| *Omoglymmius hesperus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Omoglymmius* |
| Subgenus: | *Pyxiglymmius* |
| Species: | ***O. hesperus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Omoglymmius hesperus***<br>R.T. Bell & J.R. Bell, 1982 | |
|


title: Fan-tailed raven

abstract: The fan-tailed raven is a passerine bird of the crow family native to Eastern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.

text:
# Fan-tailed raven

The **fan-tailed raven** (***Corvus rhipidurus***) is a passerine bird of the crow family native to Eastern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.

## Description

The fan-tailed raven is completely black including bill, legs and feet and the plumage has a purplish-blue gloss in good light. Worn plumage is slightly coppery-brown. The base of the feathers on the upper neck are white and only seen if the bird is inspected or a strong gust blows them the wrong way. The throat hackles are shorter than in most other ravens. One of the smaller raven species, it is about the same size or slightly larger than the carrion crow, at 47–51 cm, but with a much thicker bill, shorter tail and much larger wings.

The voice is described as guttural croaks mixed with the sound of frog-call. Like all corvids, the fan-tailed raven is capable of vocal mimicry; however, this behavior is mostly recorded in captivity and, very rarely, in the wild.

## Distribution and habitat

It occurs in the Middle East, North Africa, Arabia, and south to Sudan and Kenya. It also ranges across the Aïr Massif in the southern Sahara. It lives in desert or open dry country that includes crags for nesting. It is one of the most aerial of birds traveling huge distances in search of food, its large wings being adapted to gliding on thermals in a rather vulture-like way.

## Behaviour

### Diet

Food is invariably taken on the ground and includes all manner of insects and other invertebrates, grain taken from animal dung, carrion and scraps of human food. It has also been seen taking skin parasites from camels and, where not persecuted, scavenges around rubbish dumps and camp sites. Fruits of all types are eaten readily. It soars and plays in thermals even more so than other raven species and often associates with the brown-necked raven roosting in the same tree as it.

### Nesting

This species nests on rock ledges and in cavities in cliffs though very rarely in Somalia it has been known to nest in trees. There are usually 2–4 eggs laid. The great-spotted cuckoo (*Clamator glandarius*) sometimes uses this species as a brood host.

## InfoBox

| Fan-tailed raven | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Awash National Park, Ethiopia | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Corvidae |
| Genus: | *Corvus* |
| Species: | ***C. rhipidurus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Corvus rhipidurus***
Hartert, 1918 | |
|
|  | |
| Distribution map | |


title: Acanthamoeba

abstract:
Acanthamoeba is a genus of amoebae that are commonly recovered from soil, fresh water, and other habitats.
The genus Acanthamoeba has two stages in its life cycle, the metabolically active trophozoite stage and a dormant, stress-resistant cyst stage. In nature, Acanthamoeba species are generally free-living bacterivores. However, they are also opportunistic pathogens able to cause serious and sometimes fatal infections in humans and other animals.

text:
# Acanthamoeba

***Acanthamoeba*** is a genus of amoebae that are commonly recovered from soil, fresh water, and other habitats. The genus *Acanthamoeba* has two stages in its life cycle, the metabolically active trophozoite stage and a dormant, stress-resistant cyst stage. In nature, *Acanthamoeba* species are generally free-living bacterivores. However, they are also opportunistic pathogens able to cause serious and sometimes fatal infections in humans and other animals.

## Distribution

*Acanthamoeba* spp. are among the most prevalent protozoa found in the environment. They are distributed worldwide, and have been isolated from soil, air, sewage, seawater, chlorinated swimming pools, domestic tap water, bottled water, dental treatment units, hospitals, air-conditioning units, and contact lens cases. Additionally, they have been isolated from human skin, nasal cavities, throats, and intestines, as well as plants and other mammals.

## Role in disease

Diseases caused by *Acanthamoeba* include keratitis and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). The latter is often but not always seen in immunosuppressed patients. GAE is caused by the amoebae entering the body through an open wound and then spreading to the brain. The combination of host immune responses and secreted amoebal proteases causes massive brain swelling resulting in death in about 95% of those infected.

### Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE)

Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) is caused by amoebic infection of the central nervous system (CNS). It is characterized by neurological symptoms including headache, seizures, and mental-status abnormalities. These worsen progressively over weeks to months, leading to death in most patients. Infection is generally associated with underlying conditions such as immunodeficiency, diabetes, malignancies, malnutrition, systemic lupus erythematosus, and alcoholism. The parasite enters the body through cuts in the skin or by being inhaled into the upper respiratory tract. The parasite then spreads through the blood into the CNS. *Acanthamoeba* crosses the blood–brain barrier by means that are not yet understood. Subsequent invasion of the connective tissue and induction of pro-inflammatory responses leads to neuronal damage that can be fatal within days. Pure granulomatous lesions are rare in patients with AIDS and other related immunodeficiency states, as the patients do not have adequate numbers of CD+ve T-cells to mount a granulomatous response to *Acanthamoeba* infection in CNS and other organs and tissues. A perivascular cuffing with amoebae in necrotic tissue is usual finding in the AIDS and related T-cell immunodeficiency conditions.

Brain biopsy normally reveals severe oedema and hemorrhagic necrosis. A patient who has contracted this illness usually displays subacute symptoms, including altered mental status, headaches, fever, neck stiffness, seizures, and focal neurological signs (such as cranial nerve palsies and coma), all leading to death within one week to several months. Due to the rarity of this parasite and a lack of knowledge, no good diagnoses or treatments for *Acanthamoeba* infection are now known. *Acanthamoeba* keratitis cases in the past have resolved from a therapy consisting of atropine and some other drugs with no antimicrobial effects. Recent publications show atropine to interfere with the protist's CHRM1 receptor, causing cell death.

Infection usually mimics that of bacterial leptomeningitis, tuberculous meningitis, or viral encephalitis. The misdiagnosis often leads to erroneous, ineffective treatment. In the case that the *Acanthamoeba* is diagnosed correctly, the current treatments, such as amphotericin B, rifampicin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, sulfadiazine, or albendazole, are only tentatively successful. Correct and timely diagnosis, as well as improved treatment methods and an understanding of the parasite, are important factors in improving the outcome of infection by *Acanthamoeba*. A paper published in 2013 has shown substantial effects of some FDA-approved drugs with an *in vitro* kill rate above 90%. These results were *in vitro* effects, but as the drugs are already approved, human infections can be targeted after dose calculations in clinical trials done with these diverse groups of drugs.

### Acanthamoebic keratitis

When present in the eye, *Acanthamoeba* strains can cause acanthamoebic keratitis, which may lead to corneal ulcers or even blindness. This condition occurs most often among contact lens wearers who do not properly disinfect their lenses, exacerbated by a failure to wash hands prior to handling the lenses. Multipurpose contact lens solutions are largely ineffective against *Acanthamoeba*, whereas hydrogen peroxide-based solutions have good disinfection characteristics.

The first cure of a corneal infection was achieved in 1985 at Moorfields Eye Hospital.

In May 2007, Advanced Medical Optics, manufacturer of Complete Moisture Plus Contact Lens Solution products, issued a voluntary recall of their Complete Moisture Plus solutions. The fear was that contact lens wearers who used their solution were at higher risk of acanthamoebic keratitis than contact lens wearers who used other solutions. The manufacturer recalled the product after the Centers for Disease Control in the United States found that 21 people had possibly received an *Acanthamoeba* infection after using Complete Moisture Plus in the month prior to diagnosis.

### As a bacterial reservoir

Several species of bacteria that can cause human disease are also able to infect and replicate within *Acanthamoeba* species. These include *Legionella pneumophila*, *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*, and some strains of *Escherichia coli* and *Staphylococcus aureus*. For some of these bacteria, replication inside *Acanthamoeba* has been associated with enhanced growth in macrophages, and increased resistance to some antibiotics. Furthermore, due to the high prevalence of *Acanthamoeba* in the environment, these amoebae have been proposed to serve as an environmental reservoir for some human pathogens.

## Ecology

*A. castellanii* can be found at high densities in various soil ecosystems. It preys on bacteria, but also fungi and other protozoa.

This species is able to lyse bacteria and produce a wide range of enzymes, such as cellulases or chitinases, and probably contributes to the breakdown of organic matter in soil, contributing to the microbial loop.

## Physiology

### Role as a model organism

Because *Acanthamoeba* does not differ greatly at the ultrastructural level from a mammalian cell, it is an attractive model for cell-biology studies; it is important in cellular microbiology, environmental biology, physiology, cellular interactions, molecular biology, biochemistry, and evolutionary studies, due to the organisms' versatile roles in the ecosystem and ability to capture prey by phagocytosis, act as vectors and reservoirs for microbial pathogens, and to produce serious human infections. In addition, *Acanthamoeba* has been used extensively to understand the molecular biology of cell motility and cancer cell dormancy by in-depth exploration of the process of encystation.

The recently available *Acanthamoeba* genome sequence revealed several orthologs of genes employed in meiosis of sexual eukaryotes. These genes included *Spo11, Mre11, Rad50, Rad51, Rad52, Mnd1, Dmc1, Msh*, and *Mlh*. This finding suggests that *Acanthamoeba* is capable of some form of meiosis and may be able to undergo sexual reproduction. Furthermore, since *Acanthamoeba* diverged early from the eukaryotic family tree, these results suggest that meiosis was present early in eukaryotic evolution.

Owing to its ease and economy of cultivation, the Neff strain of *A. castellanii*, discovered in a pond in Golden Gate Park in the 1960s, has been effectively used as a classic model organism in the field of cell biology. From just 30 L of simple medium inoculated with *A. castellanii*, about 1 kg of cells can be obtained after several days of aerated culture at room temperature. Pioneered in the laboratory of Edward D. Korn at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), many important biological molecules have been discovered and their pathways elucidated using the *Acanthamoeba* model. Thomas Dean Pollard applied this model at the NIH, Harvard Medical School, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and the Salk Institute for Biological Studies to discover and characterize many proteins that are essential for cell motility, not only in amoebae, but also in many other eukaryotic cells, especially those of the human nervous and immune systems, the developing embryo, and cancer cells. *Acanthamoeba* also has served as a model to study the evolution of certain G-proteins. This unicellular eukaryote expresses few GPCRs over its cell membrane that serve vital role for the microorganism, structural homology bioinformatics tools have been used to show the presence of a homolog of human M1-muscarinic receptor in *A. castellanii*. Blocking these muscarinic receptors in past studies has proven to be amoebicidal in Acanthamoeba spp. More recently, voltage-gated calcium channels in *Acanthamoeba* spp. (CavAc) have been reported to have similarities with human voltage-gated calcium channels such as TPC-1 and L-type calcium channels and respond to Ca-channel blockers such as loperamide. This model microbe has been studied to understand complex neurodegenerative states including Alzheimer's disease. Scientists have isolated a neurotransmitter acetylcholine in *Acanthamoeba* and the enzymatic machinery needed for its synthesis.

### Endosymbionts

*Acanthamoeba* spp. contain diverse bacterial endosymbionts that are similar to human pathogens, so they are considered to be potential emerging human pathogens. The exact nature of these symbionts and the benefit they represent for the amoebic host still have to be clarified. These include *Legionella* and *Legionella*-like pathogens.

### Giant viruses

The giant viruses *Mimivirus, Megavirus*, and *Pandoravirus* infect *Acanthamoeba*.

Members of the genus *Acanthamoeba* are unusual in serving as hosts for a variety of giant viruses (that have more than 1000 protein-coding genes; for instance, *Pandoravirus*, which has about 2500 protein-coding genes in its genome).

## Diversity

*Acanthamoeba* can be distinguished from other genera of amoebae based on morphological characteristics. However, differentiating one species of *Acanthamoeba* from another by morphology has proven difficult. Based on 18S rDNA sequencing, known *Acanthamoeba* strains can be organized into 12 groups, denoted T1-T12. Most disease-causing isolates belong to type T4.

Below is a list of described species of *Acanthamoeba*, with sequence types noted where known. Species that have been identified in diseased patients are marked with \*.

* *A. astronyxis* (Ray & Hayes 1954) Page 1967 * (T7)
* *A. byersi* Qvarnstrom, Nerad & Visvesvara 2013 *
* *A. castellanii* Volkonski 1931 * (T4) \[*A. terricola* Pussard 1964\]
* *A. comandoni* Pussard 1964 (T9)
* *A. culbertsoni* (Singh & Das 1970) Griffin 1972 * (T10)
* *A. divionensis* Pussard & Pons 1977 (T4)
* *A. echinulata* Pussard & Pons 1977
* *A. gigantea* Schmöller 1964
* *A. glebae* (Dobell 1914)
* *A. gleichenii* Volkonsky 1931
* *A. griffini* Sawyer 1971 (T3)
* *A. hatchetti* Sawyer, Visvesvara & Harke 1977 * (T11)
* *A. healyi* Moura, Wallace & Visvesvara 1992 (T12)
* *A. hyalina* Dobel & O'connor 1921
* *A. jacobsi* Sawyer, Nerad & Visvesvara 1992
* *A. keratitis*  *
* *A. lenticulata* Molet & Ermolieff-braun 1976 (T3)
* *A. lugdunensis* Pussard & Pons 1977 * (T4)
* *A. mauritaniensis* Pussard & Pons 1977 (T4)
* *A. micheli* Corsaro et al. 2015
* *A. palestinensis* (Reich 1933) Page 1977 * (T1)
* *A. paradivionensis* Pussard & Pons 1977 (T4)
* *A. pearcei* Nerad et al. 1995
* *A. polyphaga* (Puschkarew 1913) Volkonsky 1931 * (T4)
* *A. pustulosa* Pussard & Pons 1977 (T2)
* *A. pyriformis* (Olive & Stoianovitch 1969) Spiegel & Shadwick 2016
* *A. quina* Pussard & Pons 1977 *
* *A. rhysodes* (Singh 1952) Griffin 1972 * (T4)
* *A. royreba* Willaert, Stevens & Tyndall 1978
* *A. sohi* Kyung-il & Shin 2003
* *A. stevensoni* Sawyer et al. 1993 (T11)
* *A. triangularis* Pussard & Pons 1977 (T4)
* *A. tubiashi* Lewis & Sawyer 1979 (T8)

## Etymology

From the Greek *akantha* (spike/thorn), which was added before "amoeba" (change) to describe this organism as having a spine-like structure (**acanthopodia**). This organism is now well known as **Acanthamoeba**, an amphizoic, opportunistic, and nonopportunistic protozoan protist widely distributed in the environment.

## InfoBox

| *Acanthamoeba* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Phase contrast micrograph of an *Acanthamoeba polyphaga* cyst. | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Phylum: | Amoebozoa |
| Class: | Discosea |
| Order: | Centramoebida |
| Family: | Acanthamoebidae |
| Genus: | *Acanthamoeba*
Volkonsky 1931 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Acanthamoeba castellanii*
Volkonsky 1931 | |


title: Muhammadu Dikko Yusufu

abstract:
Alhaji Muhammadu Dikko Yusufu, also known as MD Yusufu or MD Yusuf was a Nigerian policeman, Inspector General of the Nigerian Police Force, public servant and politician. Yusufu attended Higher Education at the Institute of Administration, Zaria in 1954 and University of Oxford where he was trained as administrative officer. Yusufu was the great grandson of Sarkin Katsina Muhammadu Dikko. Yusufu started work at the Katsina Native Authority serving as Assistant District Officer in Ilorin Province from 1949 to 1954. Yusufu rose to the position of Inspector General of the Nigerian Police, a post he held from 1975 to 1979 during the military rule of Generals Murtala Mohammed and Olusegun Obasanjo. He was appointed chairman of Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) in 1994.
In 1998, he registered Movement for Democracy and Justice as a political party and in 1999 and 2003, he ran as a presidential candidate on its platform. In the December 1998 local government elections, the party came 4th and won 83 councilor seats in 21 States of the Federation and Chairmanship of Warri in Delta State, Hadejia in Jigawa State and Bama in Borno. Yusufu was chairman of Nigeria LNG in 1994, when a consortium led by Halliburton's KBR subsidiary was bidding for a contract to construct a LNG export facility in competition with the US corporation Bechtel. In a letter to Yusufu in September 1994, the oil minister Don Etiebet said that the NLNG board had "seriously tinkered with the integrity of the pending contract award". He considered that there had been breaches of commercial confidentiality, that may have benefited the consortium led by KBR. During a probe into alleged bribes by KBR, a London-based consultant, Mr Jeffrey Tesler said he had advanced money to Muhammadu Dikko Yusufu in the form of a repayable loan.
The $70,000 loan was made during a visit by Yusufu to London in 1998 or 1999.
Attempts were made to implicate US Vice-President Dick Cheney in the corruption scandal, which involved over $180m of bribes on behalf of a consortium led by Halliburton. He joined National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC) in 1950, and Northern Elements Progressive Union (NEPU) in 1951 but gave up politics when he joined the Northern Regional Service. In the second republic after retirement from police he became a member of the People's Redemption Party. Yusufu indicated interest to contest the Presidential elections under the Grassroots Democratic Movement in Nigeria during the period of transition to democracy launched by General Sani Abacha in 1997–1998. The Party had a left-wing orientation.
In 2000, he became chairman of the Arewa Consultative Forum, a Northern cultural and political association. After the April 2003 elections, both Muhammadu Buhari of the ANPP and Yusufu, who had run as presidential candidate of the Movement for Democracy and Justice (MDJ), challenged the election victory of President Obasanjo.
However, in June 2003, Yusufu, said that defeated contestants who were not ready to go to court should accept their defeat in good faith. In November 2003, Yusufu said the grant of asylum by President Olusegun Obasanjo to the deposed Liberian president, Charles Taylor could not be defended on the grounds of either justice or commonsense and was therefore impeachable. MD Yusufu died on April 1, 2015, in Abuja.

text:
# Muhammadu Dikko Yusufu

Alhaji **Muhammadu Dikko Yusufu** GCON, also known as **MD Yusufu** or **MD Yusuf** (November 10, 1931 – April 1, 2015) was a Nigerian policeman, Inspector General of the Nigerian Police Force, public servant and politician. Yusufu attended Higher Education at the Institute of Administration, Zaria in 1954 and University of Oxford where he was trained as administrative officer. Yusufu was the great grandson of Sarkin Katsina Muhammadu Dikko (r. 1906–1944).

Yusufu started work at the Katsina Native Authority serving as Assistant District Officer in Ilorin Province from 1949 to 1954. Yusufu rose to the position of Inspector General of the Nigerian Police, a post he held from 1975 to 1979 during the military rule of Generals Murtala Mohammed and Olusegun Obasanjo. He was appointed chairman of Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) in 1994. In 1998, he registered Movement for Democracy and Justice as a political party and in 1999 and 2003, he ran as a presidential candidate on its platform. In the December 1998 local government elections, the party came 4th and won 83 councilor seats in 21 States of the Federation and Chairmanship of Warri in Delta State, Hadejia in Jigawa State and Bama in Borno.

Yusufu was chairman of Nigeria LNG in 1994, when a consortium led by Halliburton's KBR subsidiary was bidding for a contract to construct a LNG export facility in competition with the US corporation Bechtel. In a letter to Yusufu in September 1994, the oil minister Don Etiebet said that the NLNG board had "seriously tinkered with the integrity of the pending contract award". He considered that there had been breaches of commercial confidentiality, that may have benefited the consortium led by KBR.

During a probe into alleged bribes by KBR, a London-based consultant, Mr Jeffrey Tesler said he had advanced money to Muhammadu Dikko Yusufu in the form of a repayable loan. The $70,000 loan was made during a visit by Yusufu to London in 1998 or 1999. Attempts were made to implicate US Vice-President Dick Cheney in the corruption scandal, which involved over $180m of bribes on behalf of a consortium led by Halliburton.

He joined National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC) in 1950, and Northern Elements Progressive Union (NEPU) in 1951 but gave up politics when he joined the Northern Regional Service. In the second republic after retirement from police he became a member of the People's Redemption Party. Yusufu indicated interest to contest the Presidential elections under the Grassroots Democratic Movement in Nigeria during the period of transition to democracy launched by General Sani Abacha in 1997–1998. The Party had a left-wing orientation. In 2000, he became chairman of the Arewa Consultative Forum, a Northern cultural and political association.

After the April 2003 elections, both Muhammadu Buhari of the ANPP and Yusufu, who had run as presidential candidate of the Movement for Democracy and Justice (MDJ), challenged the election victory of President Obasanjo. However, in June 2003, Yusufu, said that defeated contestants who were not ready to go to court should accept their defeat in good faith.

In November 2003, Yusufu said the grant of asylum by President Olusegun Obasanjo to the deposed Liberian president, Charles Taylor could not be defended on the grounds of either justice or commonsense and was therefore impeachable.

MD Yusufu died on April 1, 2015, in Abuja.

## InfoBox

| Muhammadu Dikko Yusufu | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 3rd Inspector General of Police | |
| **In office**<br>1975–1979 | |
| Preceded by | Kam Salem |
| Succeeded by | Adamu Suleiman |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1931-11-10)November 10, 1931 |
| Died | April 1, 2015(2015-04-01) (aged 83) |
| Nationality | Nigerian |
| Occupation | Police Officer |
|  | |


title: Psacadonotus

abstract: Psacadonotus is a genus of insects in the family Tettigoniidae.

text:
# Psacadonotus

***Psacadonotus*** is a genus of insects in the family Tettigoniidae.

## Species

The following species are recognised in the genus *Psacadonotus*:

## InfoBox

| *Psacadonotus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Orthoptera |
| Suborder: | Ensifera |
| Family: | Tettigoniidae |
| Subfamily: | Austrosaginae |
| Genus: | *Psacadonotus*<br>Redtenbacher, 1891 |
|


title: Maupin, Oregon

abstract: Maupin is a city in Wasco County, Oregon, United States. Located on the Deschutes River, much of the city's economy is related to the river through outdoor activities, such as fishing and rafting. The population was 418 at the 2010 census.

text:
# Maupin, Oregon

**Maupin** is a city in Wasco County, Oregon, United States. Located on the Deschutes River, much of the city's economy is related to the river through outdoor activities, such as fishing and rafting. The population was 418 at the 2010 census.

## History

Maupin is named for Howard Maupin, a pioneer who had a farm and ferry at the town's location in the late 19th century. Originally named Hunts Ferry after the owner of a ferry on the Deschutes River, the name was changed to Maupin Ferry by town founder William H. Staats. The city's name was shortened to Maupin in about 1909.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.45 square miles (3.76 km2), of which, 1.4 square miles (3.63 km2) is land and 0.05 square miles (0.13 km2) is water. Road access is provided by U.S. Route 197, which crosses the Deschutes River in town at one of the few places the Deschutes can be crossed north of Madras.

### Climate

This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F (22.0 °C). Being in the high desert, the nights cool down from the daytime heat. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Maupin has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1920 | 198 |  |  |
| 1930 | 240 |  | 21.2% |
| 1940 | 267 |  | 11.3% |
| 1950 | 312 |  | 16.9% |
| 1960 | 381 |  | 22.1% |
| 1970 | 428 |  | 12.3% |
| 1980 | 495 |  | 15.7% |
| 1990 | 456 |  | −7.9% |
| 2000 | 411 |  | −9.9% |
| 2010 | 418 |  | 1.7% |
| 2020 | 427 |  | 2.2% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

As of the census of 2010, there were 418 people, 199 households, and 113 families residing in the city. The population density was about 299 inhabitants per square mile (115.4/km2). There were 274 housing units at an average density of about 196 per square mile (75.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 95.7% White, 0.7% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 0.2% from other races, and 2.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.2% of the population.

There were 199 households, of which about 20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, about 50% were married couples living together, 3.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 3% had a male householder with no wife present, and about 43% were non-families. About 41% of all households were made up of individuals, and about 21% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.98 and the average family size was 2.65.

The median age in the city was about 56 years. About 15% of residents were under the age of 18; about 5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 15.5% were from 25 to 44; 32.8% were from 45 to 64; and about 32% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was about 51% male and 49% female.

## Education

Maupin is served by the South Wasco County School District, a two-school district that comprises Maupin Grade School and South Wasco County Junior/Senior High School, both of which are in Maupin.

## InfoBox

| Maupin, Oregon | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| Maupin and the Deschutes River | |
| Location in Oregon | |
| Coordinates: 45°10′23″N 121°05′17″W / 45.17306°N 121.08806°W / 45.17306; -121.08806 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Oregon |
| County | Wasco |
| Incorporated | 1922 |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.45 sq mi (3.75 km2) |
| Land | 1.40 sq mi (3.61 km2) |
| Water | 0.05 sq mi (0.14 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,227 ft (374 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 427 |
| Density | 306.09/sq mi (118.15/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-8 (Pacific) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-7 (Pacific) |
| ZIP code | 97037 |
| Area code | 541 |
| FIPS code | 41-46500 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2411052 |


title: Gunnar Nilsson (trade unionist)

abstract: Gunnar Erling Nilsson (1922–1997) was a Swedish trade union organiser. Originally a glass-blower by profession, he belonged to the Swedish Wood Industry Workers' Union. Nilsson was the chairman of the Swedish Trade Union Confederation 1973–1983.

text:
# Gunnar Nilsson (trade unionist)

**Gunnar Erling Nilsson** (1922–1997) was a Swedish trade union organiser. Originally a glass-blower by profession, he belonged to the Swedish Wood Industry Workers' Union. Nilsson was the chairman of the Swedish Trade Union Confederation 1973–1983.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Gunnar Nilsson | |
| --- | --- |
| Gunnar Nilsson in Örebro, Sweden on 1 May Day 1984 | |
| Born | Gunnar Erling Nilsson
(1922-12-31)31 December 1922
Mönsterås, Småland, Sweden |
| Died | 13 May 1997(1997-05-13) (aged 74)
Stockholm, Sweden |
| Nationality | Swedish |


title: Maurice Neligan

abstract: Maurice Neligan was an Irish heart surgeon, activist, newspaper columnist and media commentator. He was considered one of Ireland's most recognisable doctors – "Ireland's answer to Dr Christian Barnard [sic]" – and performed a number of firsts in Irish medicine. It is thought that he performed 14,000 – 15,000 heart operations during his career. After his death in 2010, Fine Gael leader Enda Kenny described him as "the first superstar of Irish medicine".

text:
# Maurice Neligan

**Maurice Neligan** (1937 – 8 October 2010) was an Irish heart surgeon, activist, newspaper columnist and media commentator. He was considered one of Ireland's most recognisable doctors – "Ireland's answer to Dr Christian Barnard \[*sic*\]" – and performed a number of firsts in Irish medicine. It is thought that he performed 14,000 – 15,000 heart operations during his career. After his death in 2010, Fine Gael leader Enda Kenny described him as "the first superstar of Irish medicine".

## Professional career

He studied medicine at UCD in 1955. There he won the Ambrose Birmingham gold medal in anatomy (1959), and graduated B.Sc.(honours) (1959) and MB, B.Ch. and BAO (1962). He also won the Mater hospital's surgical gold medal (1962), and later gained an M.Sc. at UCD in anatomy and physiology. In 1974, Neligan performed Ireland's first open-heart surgery for congenital heart defects. In 1975, he performed Ireland's first coronary artery by-pass graft. In 1985, he carried out the first heart transplant in the country's history, and was given no assistance by the Department of Health in doing so. Neligan also co-founded the Blackrock Clinic. From 1971 until 2002, he was consultant cardiac surgeon at the Mater Hospital and, from 1974 until 2002, he served at Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin.

## Family life

Neligan was originally from Booterstown, County Dublin. He attended Blackrock College. He studied medicine at University College Dublin (UCD), from where he graduated successfully in 1962. He married Pat, a fellow doctor. They met in the accident and emergency unit of St Vincent's Hospital when Pat crashed her father's car on her graduation day – "I hobbled off on my crutch, and he came after me and said, would you like to go out?", Pat later told Miriam O'Callaghan. The couple went on to have seven children. Three were sons and four were daughters. Daughter Sara was murdered in 2007. 12,000 letters were sent to the family by members of the public.

After his retirement from surgery Neligan maintained a public profile and contributed a column to the weekly health supplement which comes with *The Irish Times*. He loved to read and appreciated poetry. He became an ardent critic of government health policy and campaigned for the retention of patient services when the government threatened to cut them. In his final year he was interviewed for a book, *Insights into Leadership in Ireland: Insights from Contemporary Leaders in the Public, Private and Voluntary Sectors*, launched by Martin McAleese in September 2010.

After retiring Neligan was often seen in Glenbeigh, County Kerry. He died suddenly at home at the age of 73 on the morning of 8 October 2010. The day before he had met with former Blackrock College classmates for a 55th year reunion. The day after his death he had been expected to address GPs in Kilkenny. Fine Gael health spokesperson Dr. James Reilly said "medicine has lost a great pioneer and a leading thinker".

In July 2012, the Mater Foundation, together with the Neligan family, established the Maurice Neligan Tribute Fund in recognition of his great achievements during the years he served with the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital. The Mater Foundation plans to raise €700,000 from this Fund to purchase a core piece of equipment called a Zeego-CArm and thus enable the first Hybrid Theatre in a public hospital in Ireland, which will be named the Maurice Neligan Heart & Vascular Theatre.

## InfoBox

| Maurice Neligan | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1937 Booterstown |
| Died | (2010-10-08)8 October 2010 |
| Nationality | Irish |
| Occupation | Surgeon |


title: Minami-Takasaki Station

abstract: Minami-Takasaki Station is a passenger railway station in the city of Takasaki, Gunma, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Jōshin Dentetsu.

text:
# Minami-Takasaki Station

**Minami-Takasaki Station** (南高崎駅, *Minami-Takasaki-eki*) is a passenger railway station in the city of Takasaki, Gunma, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Jōshin Dentetsu.

## Lines

Minami-Takasaki Station is a station on the Jōshin Line and is 0.9 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Takasaki.

## Station layout

The station consists of a single side platform serving traffic in both directions. There is no station building.

## History

Minami-Takasaki Station opened on 9 September 1935 as **Shimowada Station** (下和田). It was renamed to its present name on 15 January 1953.

## Surrounding area

Media related to Minami-Takasaki Station at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Minami-Takasaki Station
南高崎駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| Minami-Takasaki Station, October 2008 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Shimowada-machi 3-chome, Takasaki-shi, Gunma-ken 370-0846
Japan |
| Coordinates | 36°18′44.67″N 139°0′44.29″E / 36.3124083°N 139.0123028°E / 36.3124083; 139.0123028 |
| Operated by | Jōshin Dentetsu |
| Line(s) | Jōshin Line |
| Distance | 0.9 km from Takasaki |
| Platforms | 1 side platform |
| Other information | |
| Status | Unstaffed |
| Website | Official website |
| History | |
| Opened | 9 September 1935 |
| Previous names | Shimowada (until 1953) |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| FY2019 | 63 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station Joshin Electric Railway Following station  Sanonowatashitowards Shimonita  Jōshin Line  TakasakiTerminus | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Minami-Takasaki StationLocation within Gunma PrefectureMinami-Takasaki StationMinami-Takasaki Station (Japan) | |


title: Omnicron

abstract: Omnicron may refer to:

text:
# Omnicron

**Omnicron** may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

### Fictional entities

* Omnicron, a class of robot sniper characters in the miniature figure board wargame Heroscape
* Omnicron, a planet of the fictional cyborg character Combatron from the Filipino comic series *Funny Komiks*

## Companies

* *Starbeams: The Omnicron Ray*, an episode of the English language dub collection *Robo Formers* taken from the Japanese anime television series *Getter Robo G*
* OmnicronPsy, a fictional supercomputer in the donghau television series *Zentrix*
* SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (mispronounced "Omnicron"), a variant of the virus that causes COVID-19
* Omicron (disambiguation)
* Omnicons, in the *Transformers: Energon* anime television series


title: Fairmont Miramar Hotel & Bungalows

abstract: The Fairmont Miramar Hotel & Bungalows is a historic five-star hotel located near the beach in Santa Monica, California, not far from the Santa Monica Pier. The property was originally a private estate, built in 1889. It was converted to a hotel in 1921.

text:
# Fairmont Miramar Hotel & Bungalows

The **Fairmont Miramar Hotel & Bungalows** is a historic five-star hotel located near the beach in Santa Monica, California, not far from the Santa Monica Pier. The property was originally a private estate, built in 1889. It was converted to a hotel in 1921.

## History

John P. Jones, originally from Herefordshire, England, came to California in 1849. He made a fortune through silver mining, and in 1874, bought a three-quarter interest of Robert Symington Baker's ranch near Los Angeles. In 1875, Jones and Baker co-founded Santa Monica.

In 1889 Jones built a Victorian-style mansion as his family's residence, and named it Miramar, Spanish for "view of the ocean". His wife, Georgina, planted a rose garden near the house, and also planted trees along Santa Monica's streets. After John P. Jones died in 1912, his widow sold the family's mansion to King Camp Gillette, inventor of the safety razor, who leased the estate to a military academy at the end of World War I.

In 1921, Gillette sold the property to hotelier Gilbert Stevenson, who converted it into the **Miramar Hotel**. A new six-story wing was built in 1924, to provide apartments for longer stays at the beach. Greta Garbo was one of the first celebrities to move in, and she lived there for more than four years. In the 1930s, 32 poolside bungalows were built, separate from the main hotel buildings. Jean Harlow was seen dining at the hotel, and Betty Grable performed in the Miramar lounge with Ted Whidden's band. The original 1889 wing was demolished in 1939.

In 1959, the hotel's Ocean Tower, standing ten floors 115.96 feet (35.34 m) high, was constructed. The Miramar was sold to Fujita in 1973. They brought in Sheraton Hotels to manage the Miramar in 1978, when it was renamed the **Miramar-Sheraton**, and later the **Miramar Sheraton Hotel**. Fujita sold the hotel to Maritz, Wolff & Co., a Los Angeles-based investment firm, in September 1999 for $90.6 million, and they contracted with Fairmont Hotels to take over the hotel, which was renamed the **Fairmont Miramar** in November 1999. The hotel's historic bungalows underwent a $18 million renovation in 2002–2003, preserving the original design.

Maritz, Wolff sold the hotel to billionaire Michael Dell's MSD Capital for $210 million in 2006. In 2011, the new owners announced plans to demolish the existing structures and build a new hotel/residential complex on the site. The plans were revised to include a 21-story tower in 2013. However work was held back by concern from community members. This eventually led to a ballot initiative in 2016 that would have limited development, which was defeated. Plans for a scaled-down replacement hotel were unveiled on April 12, 2018. The new building, designed by Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects, will be 130 feet tall, the maximum allowable height following new restrictions. The California Coastal Commission approved the redevelopment plans on March 10, 2022. The project still needs approval from the Santa Monica Landmarks Commission and the Architectural Review Board. After that, construction is expected to take 33 months.

A strike by workers at the Fairmont Miramar and 12 other properties in the Los Angeles area began on August 30, 2023. The hotel was originally booked to host Inter Miami CF for their Major League Soccer match against Los Angeles FC, but the club cancelled their reservation in solidarity with the strike.

34°01′03″N 118°30′05″W / 34.0174570°N 118.5014920°W / 34.0174570; -118.5014920

## InfoBox

| Fairmont Miramar Hotel & Bungalows | |
| --- | --- |
| The 1959 Ocean Tower wing of the Fairmont Miramar Hotel, 2021 | |
|  | |
| Hotel chain | Fairmont Hotels and Resorts |
| General information | |
| Location | United States |
| Address | 101 Wilshire Boulevard, Santa Monica, California |
| Opening | 1921 |
| Owner | MSD Capital |
| Management | Fairmont Raffles Hotels International |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 10 |
| Other information | |
| Number of rooms | 302 (including suites) |
| Number of suites | 32 bungalows |
| Number of restaurants | 2 |
| Website | |
| Fairmont Miramar | |


title: Javed Musarrat

abstract: Professor Javed Musarrat is the former Vice Chancellor of Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University. and present Vice Chancellor of Integral University Lucknow.

text:
# Javed Musarrat

**Professor Javed Musarrat** (born 1960) is the former Vice Chancellor of Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University. and present Vice Chancellor of Integral University Lucknow.

## Career

Prof. Mussarat has served in the United States as visiting scientist, Michigan State University and visiting assistant professor, Ohio State University, Columbus. He was also the Chair Professor, DNA Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh.

## Early life and education

Prior to his appointment he was the Dean of Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at Aligarh Muslim University and Chairman of Department of Agricultural Microbiology.


title: Matthew Bennett (TV producer)

abstract: Matthew Bennett is an American television producer and director and former Broadway stage actor.

text:
# Matthew Bennett (TV producer)

**Matthew Bennett** is an American television producer and director and former Broadway stage actor.

## Career

### Theater

From 1986 until 2003, Bennett was an actor in New York City. He made a career on the New York stage in the original productions of *Floyd Collins*, *Titanic,* *Blood Brothers*, *Zara Spook and Other Lures*, *Amour*, *Radio Gals*, Anne Bogart's *Marathon Dancing*, and the original off-Broadway (Sullivan Street) production of *The Fantasticks*.

Bennett created the musical stage play, *Ten Years Apart*, as well as the play *Badger Country*, both with writing partner Sean McCourt.

### Television

Bennett is the founder of the television and film production company, Silent Crow Arts. Notably, he created the first modern "after show" television format: the *Deadliest Catch* partner series, *After The Catch*, for Discovery Channel. Bennett has also served as Executive Producer, director and showrunner on many television specials, pilots and series.

In addition to performing on stage and in film, Bennett also acted in roles for television's *Law & Order*, *Law and Order SVU*, and *Remember WENN*.

## Partial filmography

### Television director

### Television producer

### Actor

## Recognition

The theatrical production *Ten Years Apart* in which Bennett also starred, was created by Bennett and his partner Sean McCourt. *St. Paul Pioneer Press* called the production "Innovative, but ultimately ineffective," noting that its stars (Matthew Bennett and Sean McCourt) "are both adept musicians, highly adaptable actors and solid singers. Their resumes show accomplishment, and they're both gifted and versatile enough to enjoy good strong careers." The *Cincinnati Enquirer* called the musical "a wrenching tale of a full life," and said, "Some musicals offer nothing more than an excuse to come in out of the rain. But this play put a hand on my heart... The play got to me. Tears. Hard swallows. Long thoughts."

## Personal life

Bennett was married to actress Dorrie Joiner until her early death in 1999.
He is now married to actress Marsha Dietlein Bennett.

## InfoBox

| Matthew Bennett | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Other names | Matt Bennett |
| Occupations | * Television director * Television producer * Former stage actor |
| Years active | * 1986–2003 (actor) * 2004–present (director/producer) |
| Spouses | * Dorrie Joiner<br>(m. 19??; d. 1999) *   Marsha Dietlein (m. 2001) |


title: Recitation (horse)

abstract: Recitation was an American-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He was one of the best European two-year-olds of 1980, when he won the Coventry Stakes by five lengths and the Grand Critérium in France. In the following year he won the Poule d'Essai des Poulains, but was beaten in his last three starts. In all, he recorded five wins and five placings in a career of thirteen races. He was retired to become a breeding stallion in Kentucky, but had little success as a sire of winners.

text:
# Recitation (horse)

**Recitation** (foaled 20 February 1978) was an American-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He was one of the best European two-year-olds of 1980, when he won the Coventry Stakes by five lengths and the Grand Critérium in France. In the following year he won the Poule d'Essai des Poulains, but was beaten in his last three starts. In all, he recorded five wins and five placings in a career of thirteen races. He was retired to become a breeding stallion in Kentucky, but had little success as a sire of winners.

## Background

Recitation was a "big, well-made" bay horse with a white blaze and two white socks bred in Ohio by Marvin Warner Sr. He was from the first crop of foals sired by the 1976 Preakness Stakes winner Elocutionist. Recitation's dam Irish Party won nine races and became a successful broodmare: her other descendants include the Breeders' Cup Classic winner Volponi.

As a yearling, the colt was offered for sale and bought for $35,000. He entered the ownership of Mr A. Bodie and was sent to Europe where he was trained by Guy Harwood at Pulborough in West Sussex. At the time, Harwood was noted for his modern approach to training, introducing Britain to features such as artificial gallops and barn-style stabling.

## Racing career

### 1980: two-year-old season

After finishing third over five furlongs on his racecourse debut, Recitation won a maiden race over the same distance at Newbury Racecourse, beating I'll See You by half a length. The colt was then moved up sharply in class for the Group Three Coventry Stakes over six furlongs at Royal Ascot in June in which he was ridden by Greville Starkey and started at odds of 11/1. In a performance which Timeform described as "a revelation", Recitation took the lead a quarter mile from the finish and drew clear of the field to win easily by five lengths from Motavato, Bel Bolide and Another Realm. The form of the race was subsequently boosted when the third and fourth placed horses won the Gimcrack Stakes and the Richmond Stakes respectively. In the July Stakes at Newmarket Racecourse Recitation started 2/5 favourite against two opponents, but was beaten two and a half lengths by Age Quod Agis.

After a break of two months, Recitation returned in the Westhampnett Stakes at Goodwood Racecourse in September. In a race run in thick fog, Recitation led until the final furlong, but was caught and beaten a neck by Clear Verdict. Later in the month he was moved up in distance for the Group Two Royal Lodge Stakes over one mile at Ascot. In a strong field Recitation finished second to the Seaton Delaval Stakes winner Robellino, with the Champagne Stakes winner Gielgud in third and Beldale Flutter in fourth. On 12 October, Recitation was sent to France to contest that country's most prestigious two-year-old race, the Group One Grand Critérium over 1600 metres at Longchamp Racecourse. He started a 14/1 outsider in a field of eleven, with the betting being headed by the Prix des Chênes winner Dunphy and the Critérium de Maisons-Laffitte winner Cresta Rider. Starkey restrained the colt at the back of the field and turned into the straight in ninth placed. Recitation was then switched to the outside and produced a strong late run to dispute the lead 200m from the finish and won by a short-head from the Irish-trained Critique. On his final appearance of the year, Recitation returned to England for the William Hill Futurity at Doncaster Racecourse. Running less than two weeks after his win in Paris, he finished fourth behind Beldale Flutter, Shergar and Sheer Grit.

### 1981: three-year-old season

Recitation began his three-year-old season in the Group Three 2000 Guineas Trial Stakes over seven furlongs at Salisbury Racecourse and won easily by two lengths from Tahoe and Dalby Mustang. With the Harwood stable relying on To-Agori-Mou in the 2000 Guineas, Recitation was sent to contest the French equivalent, the Poule d'Essai des Poulains at Longchamp on 26 April. Cresta Rider started favourite, with Recitation second choice in the betting on 2.4/1. Starkey settled the colt just behind the leaders before moving through on the inside to take the lead on the turn into the straight. He quickly went clear of the field and won easily by two and a half lengths from Redoubtable, with Cresta Rider in third. Recitation returned to France for the Prix du Jockey Club on 7 June at Chantilly Racecourse. He was never in contention and dead-heated for seventh place behind Bikala. The colt was brought back in distance for the Prix d'Ispahan at Longchamp on 4 July but showed no improvement, finishing sixth behind The Wonder. In Autumn he was brought back to seven furlongs for the Harroways Stakes and finished second to the four-year-old Belmont Bay.

## Assessment

In 1980, the independent Timeform organisation gave Recitation a rating of 126, eight pounds below the top-rated juvenile Storm Bird. In the official International Classification he was rated six pounds below Storm Bird and was the joint-highest-rated two-year-old to race in France. In the following year he was rated 124 by Timeform, sixteen pounds below Shergar. The International Classification rated him the twelfth-best three-year-old colt in Europe.

## Stud record

Recitation was retired from racing to become a breeding stallion at the Ashford Stud in Kentucky, starting at a fee of $40,000 a foal. He was later exported to stand as a stallion in Japan. He was not a success at stud, with his best winner being Country Recital who won the Grade III Chrysanthemum Handicap in 1986.

## Pedigree

Pedigree of Recitation (USA), bay stallion, 1978
| Sire
Elocutionist (USA)
1973 | Gallant Romeo (USA)
1961 | Gallant Man | Migoli |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Majideh |
| | Juliets Nurse | Count Fleet |
| | Nursemaid |
| | Strictly Speaking (USA)
1967 | Fleet Nasrullah | Nasrullah |
| | | Happy Go Fleet |
| | Believe Me | Alibhai |
| | Up The Hill |
| Dam
Irish Party (USA)
1968 | Irish Lancer (USA)
1957 | Royal Charger | Nearco |
| | | Sun Princess |
| | Tige O' Myheart | Bull Lea |
| | Unerring |
| | Party Favor (USA)
1960 | Tim Tam | Tom Fool |
| | | Two Lea |
| | Beaukis | Mahmoud |
| | Gayee (Family: 16-f) |

## InfoBox

| Recitation | |
| --- | --- |
| Sire | Elocutionist |
| Grandsire | Gallant Romeo |
| Dam | Irish Party |
| Damsire | Irish Lancer |
| Sex | Stallion |
| Foaled | 20 February 1978 |
| Country | United States |
| Colour | Bay |
| Breeder | Marvin Warner Sr. |
| Owner | A. Bodie
Hilary J. Boone |
| Trainer | Guy Harwood |
| Record | 13: 5-4-1 |
| Major wins | |
| Coventry Stakes (1980)
Grand Critérium (1980)
2000 Guineas Trial Stakes (1981)
Poule d'Essai des Poulains (1981) | |
| Awards | |
| Top-rated two-year-old in France (1980)
Timeform rating: 126 (1980), 124 (1981) | |


title: Maurizio Scaparro

abstract: Maurizio Scaparro was an Italian stage and film director, playwright, journalist, and author. Born in Rome, in the early 1950s Scaparro started working as a journalist and a theatre critic for the newspaper L'Avanti! and later for the magazine Maschere, rassegna mensile di vita del teatro. In 1961 he became the director of the magazine Teatro Nuovo, and in 1963 he was appointed artistic director of the Stable Theatre in Bologna. He debuted as a stage director in 1964, with the play Festa grande di aprile, and got a first large critical acclaim in 1965 with his version of Carlo Goldoni's comedy La Venexiana, which he first represented at the Festival of Two Worlds in Spoleto. During his career Scaparro directed over sixty plays, and was artistic director of several theatres, as well as of the theatrical section at the Venice Biennale. He also directed a number of films. Scaparro died on 17 February 2023, at the age of 91.

text:
# Maurizio Scaparro

**Maurizio Scaparro** (19 January 1932 – 17 February 2023) was an Italian stage and film director, playwright, journalist, and author.

Born in Rome, in the early 1950s Scaparro started working as a journalist and a theatre critic for the newspaper *L'Avanti!* and later for the magazine *Maschere, rassegna mensile di vita del teatro*. In 1961 he became the director of the magazine *Teatro Nuovo*, and in 1963 he was appointed artistic director of the Stable Theatre in Bologna. He debuted as a stage director in 1964, with the play *Festa grande di aprile*, and got a first large critical acclaim in 1965 with his version of Carlo Goldoni's comedy *La Venexiana*, which he first represented at the Festival of Two Worlds in Spoleto.

During his career Scaparro directed over sixty plays, and was artistic director of several theatres, as well as of the theatrical section at the Venice Biennale. He also directed a number of films.

Scaparro died on 17 February 2023, at the age of 91.


abstract: The Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sport of Georgia is a governmental body responsible for education system and children's services in Georgia. Ministry of Education works under the Minister of Education and Science of Georgia. The ministry is located on Uzandze street in Tbilisi in a historical building built in Mauritanic style.

text:
# Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sport of Georgia

The **Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sport of Georgia** (Old name – Ministry of Education and Science; Georgian: საქართველოს განათლების, მეცნიერების, კულტურისა და სპორტის სამინისტრო) is a governmental body responsible for education system and children's services in Georgia. Ministry of Education works under the Minister of Education and Science of Georgia. The ministry is located on Uzandze street in Tbilisi in a historical building built in Mauritanic style.

## Budget

The budget of the Ministry of Education and Science in 2023 is GEL 2.03 billion (USD 764.7 million), up by GEL 345.9 million (USD 130.5 million) compared to the 2022 state budget.

## Ministers

### Ministers of Georgian Democratic Republic

### Education commissaries of Georgian SSR

* David Kandelaki, 1922 – 1929
* Gaioz Devdariani, 1929 – 1931
* Mamia Orakhelashvili (Second Time), 1931 – 1933
* Ermillo Bedia, 1933 – 1934
* Akaki Tatarashvili, 1934 – 1936
* Malakia Toroshelidze, 1936 – 1937
* Kote Chkuaseli, 1937
* Ermile Burchuladze, 1937 – 1938
* George Kiknadze, 1938 – 1944
* Viktor Kupradze, 1944 – 1953

### Ministers of Higher and Secondary Special Education of Georgian SSR

* Giorgi Jibladze, 1953 – 1960
* Tamar Lashkarashvili, 1960 – 1976
* Otar Kinkladze, 1976 – 1986
* Natela Vasadze, 1986 – 1988
* Guram Enukidze, 1988 – 1990

### Ministers of Education of Republic of Georgia

### Ministers after 2004

## InfoBox

Ministry of Education, Science, Culture Of Georgia
| საქართველოს განათლების, მეცნიერების, კულტურისა და და მეცნიერების სამინისტრო | |
| --- | --- |
| Coat of Arms of Georgia | |
| Logo | |
| Agency overview | |
| Jurisdiction | Government of Georgia |
| Headquarters | Tbilisi, Dimitri Uznadze N 52, Tbilisi, Georgia 0102 |
| Annual budget | 2.03 billion (USD 764.7 million) (2023). |
| Agency executive |  |
| Website | www.mes.gov.ge |